bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic Models of Consumer Buying Behavior
Authors: Kuehn Alfred A. , Day Ralph L. 
Published: November 2018

Does it make sense to classify consumers as users and nonusers? As heavy and light users? As users of brand X rather than brand Y? Do American consumers fit into such neat categories? Or is it likely that their brand choice behavior is more subtle, less susceptible to exact categorization? This article shows how traditional, static approaches are inadequate for predicting consumer behavior. It offers an alternative: the dynamic, probabilistic approach which can sharpen analysis and yield better predictive models.
Designing Marketing Research to Increase Validity
Authors: Banks Seymour 
Published: November 2018

How valid are the results of marketing research that involve people as the subjects? Is it possible to waste large sums of money because of reliance on research systems that have built-in errors, or that show results not applicable to the untested population at large? Since all marketing data are based in one way or another on actions of people, and since people and groups of people are so varied, careful attention to the design of marketing research experiments is sorely needed. In his forthcoming book, EXPERIMENTATION IN MARKETING (New York: McGraw-Hill), the author devotes his second chapter to experimental research designs involving people or groups of people. This article is a condensation of that chapter.
World Marketing as a New Force for Peace
Authors: Austin J. Paul 
Published: November 2018

Something new is going on in the world today. Rather than world trade being dependent on world peace, as in times past, world peace may be influenced and brought nearer reality through burgeoning world trade. The author, President of The Coca-Cola Company, has developed this theme in several recent speeches. Here he has condensed his remarks into the present article. He makes a good case to show that trade is crossing borders still closed to diplomats—making greater progress for peace than official conferences.
Correlates of Buying Behavior for Grocery Products
Authors: Frank Ronald E. 
Published: November 2018

Do heavy buyers of a grocery product have different economic characteristics than light buyers? Are private-brand-prone customers really different? Are customers who exhibit a high degree of brand loyalty in a product category different than those exhibiting less loyalty? In what way are the characteristics of customers who tend to purchase a product at a low cost per unit different from those who pay higher prices? The author reports the results of five studies, each focused on one of the above questions. The studies provide some interesting insights into the usefulness of household purchasing characteristics as bases for market segmentation.
Some Observations on the Impact of Antitrust Merger Policy on Marketing
Authors: Narver John C. 
Published: November 2018

The impact of a government economic policy is an extremely complex question, but obviously an important one for rational decision making by enforcement agencies and firms. Facts on the real productivity of mergers are slowly coming to light, gradually replacing a sizable folklore on the sources and magnitude of merger success. Relating marketing, mergers, and the present value of the firm, this article summarizes merger-policy enforcement patterns, some evidence on profitability and scale, and the financial performance of mergers. With particular reference to large mergers, questions are raised as to the social costs and benefits of an even more stringent merger policy.
The Future for Trading Stamps and Games
Authors: Allvine Fred C. 
Published: November 2018

Trading stamps and customer games of chance have been two of the more important types of nonprice promotion in the supermarket industry. The employment of these two promotional tools has declined from their peak years. This article is concerned with the question of whether the use of stamps and games has stabilized or if the use of trading stamps and games is in the early stages of a major decline.
The Marketing Channel: Who Should Lead this Extra-corporate Organization?
Authors: Little Robert W. 
Published: November 2018

Corporate organization and activities extend beyond conventional ownership limits in a variety of ways. The marketing channel, for example, exerts substantial influence on the firm's internal activities. Organization structure and processes in the corporation information and control systems are affected by channel considerations. Arguments have been raised against attempts by one channel member to direct the efforts of all or part of an interorganizational vertical network. However, most scholars are believed to support the view that some form and degree of leadership is desirable and, at any rate, manifest in many day-to-day exchange activities. This article asks three important questions: Who has the ability to lead channels? Who is in the best position to do so? Who should lead?
Determining Optimum Price Promotion Quantities
Authors: Goodman David A. , Moody Kavin W. 
Published: November 2018

How can a price “special” be made more profitable for the manufacturer? Is it possible to predict sales which will be generated through price promotion? These are two of the basic questions that are examined in this article. A methodology is presented for optimizing manufacturers’ shipment quantities for price promotions in cases where the duration of the promotion is fixed and the item to be promoted is fair-traded.
From the Editor
Authors: Cunningham William H. 
Published: November 2018

The Journal of Marketing published its first issue in July 1936 and combined two publications, the American Marketing Journal and the National Marketing Review. The Journal of Marketing was the first major activity undertaken by the American Marketing Association. Paul H. Nystrom was its first editor, and Wroe Alderson, Reavis Cox, H. H. Maynard, L. D. H. Weld, Theodore N. Beckman, and Neil H. Borden were inaugural members of the Journal's Editorial Review Board. During the Journal of Marketing's 45-year history it has published some of the most significant marketing manuscripts—papers that have changed the way we study and practice marketing. With this editorial I hope to describe the editorial objectives for the Journal of Marketing as well as my approach for implementing these objectives.
Lateral Meniscal Posterior Root Repair With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Better Restores Knee Stability
Authors: Tang Xin , Marshall Brandon , Wang Joon Ho , Zhu Junjun , Li Jian , Smolinski Patrick , Fu Freddie H. 
Published: November 2018

Background: The effect of lateral meniscal posterior root tear and repair—commonly seen in clinical practice in the setting of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction—is not known. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study evaluated the effect of tear and repair of the lateral meniscal posterior root on the biomechanics of the ACL-reconstructed knee. It was hypothesized that anterior tibial translation would increase under anterior loading and simulated pivot-shift loading with the root tear of the posterior lateral meniscus, while repair of the root tear would reduce it close to the noninjured state. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Thirteen fresh-frozen adult human knees were tested with a robotic testing system under 2 loading conditions: (1) an 89.0-N anterior tibial load applied at full extension and 15°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion and (2) a combined 7.0-N·m valgus and 5.0-N·m internal tibial torque (simulated pivot-shift test) applied at full extension and 15° and 30° of knee flexion. The following knee states were tested: intact knee, ACL reconstruction and intact lateral meniscus, ACL reconstruction and lateral meniscal posterior root tear, and ACL reconstruction and lateral meniscal posterior root repair. Results: In the ACL-reconstructed knee, a tear of the lateral meniscal posterior root significantly increased knee laxity under anterior loading by as much as 1 mm. The transosseous pullout suture root repair improved knee stability under anterior tibial and simulated pivot-shift loading. Root repair improved the ACL graft force closer to that of the native ACL under anterior tibial loading. Conclusion: Lateral meniscal posterior root injury further destabilizes the ACL-reconstructed knee, and root repair improves knee stability. Clinical Relevance: This study suggests a rationale for surgical repair of the lateral meniscus, which can restore stability close to that of the premeniscal injury state.
Ixekizumab (Interleukin 17A Antagonist): 12-week Efficacy and Safety Outcomes in Real-world Clinical Practice
Authors: Georgakopoulos Jorge R. , Phung Michelle , Ighani Arvin , Yeung Jensen 
Published: November 2018

Background: Current knowledge of the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab is limited to data from phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A gap exists in our understanding of treatment outcomes of this newly available biologic in real-world clinical practice. Objective: This study explores the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab in non-RCT patients to compare real-world outcomes to those reported in RCTs. Methods: We conducted a multicentre, retrospective chart review of patients treated with ixekizumab therapy for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Efficacy (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score of 75 or Physician Global Assessment of 0 or 1) and safety (reported adverse events [AEs]) were assessed following a 12-week treatment period. Results: Of the 60 patients included, 45 (75.0%) achieved efficacious outcomes after 12 weeks of ixekizumab treatment. Twenty-two (36.7%) patients experienced one or more AEs, of whom only 3 (5.0%) withdrew from treatment as a result. Common AEs included injection site reaction/erythema/pain (13.3%) and dermatitis (5.0%). Conclusion: Ixekizumab has shown to be a safe and effective therapeutic option for plaque psoriasis in real-world practice. It does not appear that patients experience more AEs in real-world clinics than those in clinical trials.
The effect of coronal prosthetic alignment changes on socket reaction moments, spatiotemporal parameters, and perception of alignment during gait in individuals with transtibial amputation
Authors: Hashimoto Hiroshi , Kobayashi Toshiki , Gao Fan , Kataoka Masataka , Okuda Kuniharu 
Published: November 2018

Introduction The alignment of a prosthesis is clinically determined based on observations by clinicians and the subjective perception of amputees during gait. However, this process has been reported to be unreliable. Socket reaction moment has been reported to be significantly impacted by alignment changes, but the impact of these alignment changes on other gait parameters is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of coronal alignment changes of a transtibial prosthesis on socket reaction moment, spatiotemporal parameters, and perceptions of alignment during gait in amputees. Methods Nine individuals with transtibial amputation participated in this study. Socket reaction moment and spatiotemporal parameters (step time, step length, step width, single limb support time, cadence, and gait speed) were measured under nine coronal alignment conditions (angulation: ±3°, ±6°, translation: ±5 mm, ±10 mm, and baseline) using a three-dimensional motion capture system (Vicon) and an embedded load-cell system (Europa™). In addition, subjective perceptions of alignment were examined. Results Coronal alignment changes of the transtibial prostheses demonstrated significant changes in socket reaction moment; however, no significant changes were found with spatiotemporal parameters or the amputee’s perception. Conclusion Measurement of socket reaction moment, along with the embedded load-cell system, may be a better metric for tuning the coronal alignment of transtibial prostheses compared to spatiotemporal parameters and amputee’s perceptions.
Patient-Specific Parameters Associated With Traction in Primary and Revision Hip Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Kapron Ashley L. , Karns Michael R. , Aoki Stephen K. , Adeyemi Temitope F. , Baillargeon Elizabeth A. , Hartley Melissa K. , Todd Jocelyn N. , Maak Travis G. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Distraction of the hip joint is a necessary step during hip arthroscopic surgery. The force of traction needed to distract the hip is not routinely measured, and little is known about which patient factors may influence this force. Purpose: To quantify the force of traction required for adequate distraction of the hip during arthroscopic surgery and explore the relationship between hip joint stiffness and patient-specific demographics, flexibility, and anatomy. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 101 patients (61 female) undergoing primary hip arthroscopic surgery were prospectively enrolled. A load cell attached to the traction boot continuously measured traction force. Fluoroscopic images were obtained before and after traction to measure joint displacement. The stiffness coefficient was calculated as the force of traction divided by joint displacement. Relationships between the stiffness coefficient and patient demographics and clinical parameters were investigated using a univariable regression model. The regression analysis was repeated separately by patient sex. Variables significant at P < .05 were included in a multivariable regression model. Results: The instantaneous peak force averaged 80 ± 18 kilogram-force (kgf), after which the force required to maintain distraction decreased to 57 ± 13 kgf. In univariable regression analysis, patient sex, alpha angle, hamstring flexibility, and Beighton hypermobility score were each correlated to stiffness. However, patient sex was the only significant variable in the multivariable regression model. Intrasex analysis demonstrated that increased hamstring flexibility correlated with decreased final holding stiffness in male patients and that higher Beighton scores correlated with decreased maximal stiffness in female patients. Conclusion: Male patients undergoing primary arthroscopic surgery have greater stiffness to hip distraction during arthroscopic surgery compared with female patients. In male patients, stiffness increased with decreasing hamstring flexibility. In female patients, increased Beighton scores corresponded to decreased stiffness. The presence of a labral tear was not correlated with stiffness to distraction. These data may be used to identify patients in whom a specific focus on capsular repair and/or plication may be warranted.
Advanced Patellar Tendinopathy Is Associated With Increased Rates of Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Autograft Failure at Early Follow-up After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Lazarides Alexander L. , Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Vinson Emily N. , Hash Thomas W. , Samuelsson Kristian , Toth Alison P. , Moorman Claude T. , Garrett William E. , Taylor Dean C. 
Published: November 2018

Background: Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction can be potentially devastating for a patient. As such, it is important to identify prognostic factors that place patients at an increased risk for graft failure. There are no data on the effects of patellar tendinopathy on failure of ACL reconstruction when using a bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) autograft. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of patellar tendinopathy with the risk of graft failure in primary ACL reconstruction when using a BPTB autograft. The hypothesis was that patellar tendinopathy would result in higher rates of graft failure when using a BPTB autograft for primary ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All patients undergoing ACL reconstruction at a single institution from 2005 to 2015 were examined. A total of 168 patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction with a BPTB autograft were identified. Patients’ magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed for the presence and grade of patellar tendinopathy by 2 musculoskeletal fellowship–trained radiologists; both were blinded to the aim of the study, patient demographics, surgical details, and outcomes. Patients were divided into 2 groups: failure (defined as presence of symptomatic laxity or graft insufficiency) and success of the ACL graft. Statistical analyses were run to examine the association of patellar tendinopathy with failure of ACL reconstruction using a BPTB autograft. Results: At a mean follow-up of 18 months, there were 7 (4.2%) patients with graft failure. Moderate or severe patellar tendinopathy was associated with ACL graft failure ( P = .011). Age, sex, and side of reconstruction were not associated with the risk of graft failure, although the majority of patients who failed were younger than 20 years. The use of patellar tendons with moderate to severe tendinopathy was associated with a relative risk of ruptures of 6.1 (95% CI, 1.37-27.34) as compared with autograft tendons without tendinopathy. Conclusion: Moderate or severe patellar tendinopathy significantly increases the risk of graft failure when using a BPTB autograft for primary ACL reconstruction. Patellar tendinopathy should be considered when determining the optimal graft choice for patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction with autograft tendons.
Building Adat Village-Based Tourism Destination Government System (Case of Pandawa Beach Tourism Destination, Kutuh Village, Kuta Selatan Sub-District)
Authors: Putu Agung Anak Agung , Tamba Made , Brata Ida Bagus 
Published: November 2018

The development of Tourist Destination is newly become the alternative which is important progressively and insit on to the new atmosphere and warm image and also avoid impression monotonous. To realize the mentioned, hence the research of the system of management of tourist destinations is very urgently done by owning special target of research, that is: (1) System of analysis of environmental utility facility of Coastal Tourist Destination Pandawa Beach, (2) System analysis and pranata of management of Coastal tourist Destination management of Pandawa Beach, (3) analyzing storey at Pandawa Beach, (4) Analyzing tourist expectation to Coastal tourist destination Pandawa Beach.
This research is designed to develop. Population in this research is management of Pandawa Beach, a domestic tourist and tourist of foreign countries paying a visit to the Coastal touris destination of Pandawa Beach which its amount is boundless. Sample in Pandawa Beach tourist destination management, domestic tourist and foreign countries paying a visit to tourist destination Pandawa Beach of May until June 2018. Data colected in this research cover the qualitative and quantitative data. Data collecting is done with the questionnaire alloted to Coastal tourist destination organizar of Pandawa Beach and tourist which is paying a visit to pay visit to the Coastal tourist destination of Pandawa Beach. Analyze the data using the descriptive analysis.
Coastal tourist destination área of ​​Pandawa Beach is managed by BUMDA Kutuh, Badung dimiciling as Holding Company for all units of an effortless custom society owned and managed by the countryside of Kutuh, Badung. Pandawa Beach's coastal destination management is run by the Coastal Fascination of Pandawa Beach Unit of effort. All units of the local sociaty of Kutuh Countryside of Custom, Badung.
Determination of a willingness-to-pay threshold and decision-making in financing the healthcare technologies
Authors: Teptsova T. S. , Bezdenezhnyh T. P. , Fedyaeva V. K. , Musina N. Z , Hachatryan G. R. , Tarasov V. V. 
Published: November 2018

The aim was to develop a methodology for determining the willingness to pay threshold (WTPT) and its upper limit value within the Russian health care system.Materials and methods. WTPT was calculated based on the shadow budget price (i. e. determining the WTPT by the suppling party). This method is an empirical assessment of the cost-effectiveness threshold that reflects the utmost productivity of the health care system, as determined from the relationship between changes in healthcare expenditure and health outcomes achieved. The state’s willingness to pay for improving their citizens’ healthcare was evaluated considering the population of the Russian Federation, mortality and life expectancy in different age and gender groups, as well as the volume of government spending. The cost of disability-adjusted life-year prevented (DALY) and the cost of quality-adjusted life-year saved (QALY) were determined by the suppling party, that is, they reflect the cost the state is willing to pay for improving the health of their population under conditions of limited budget. The described approach considers the performance of the country’s healthcare system over a certain period and the costs incurred in functioning of the system.Results. As part of this study, it was found that the cost of one additionally prevented DALY would be 313,878.21 rubles, and the cost of one additionally saved QALY – 365,060.31 rubles.Conclusion. The WTPT for medical technologies in the Russian Federation, determined by estimating the shadow budget price will amount to 313,878.21 rubles for one prevented DALY and 365 060,31 rubles for one saved QALY. With regard to clinical and economic analysis, medical technologies with the incremental cost-effectiveness indicator not exceeding the one calculated in this study can be seen as cost-effective. The obtained threshold value is a recommendation. A medical technology can be approved even with a WTPT higher than the recommended level, because this specific technology may have additional advantages other than WTPT when compared with the reference technologies.
Personalization of the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for musculoskeletal diseases. Resolution on the results of the Meeting of Experts of December 13, 2017
Authors: Karateev A. E. , Lila A. M. , Dydykina I. S. , Kamchatnov P. R. , Mazurenko S. O. , Naprienko M. V. , Novikova D. S. , Ostroverkhov O. P. , Pchelintsev M. V. 
Published: November 2018

The personalization of therapy is one of the innovative approaches gaining an increasingly strong foothold in modern medicine, implying an individual approach to each patient, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the specific clinical case. This same standpoint of personified therapy should be used to plan rational analgesic therapy, the most important component of managing patients with the most common and socially significant diseases, with conditions that have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life and worsen the course of concomitant diseases. The Meeting of Experts of different specialties such as rheumatologists, neurologists, cardiologists and clinical pharmacologists considered the key aspects of the prescription of NSAIDs, the most widely used class of painkillers, including those used for the relief of musculoskeletal pain. It was noted that when choosing NSAIDs, the practitioner should take into account the diagnosis, the planned duration of analgesic therapy, the intensity of pain, medical history data, the presence of comorbid diseases and risk factors for drug complications. There are different types of NSAIDs, some of which are most useful for urgent acute pain therapy (eg, ketoprofen), while others are most suitable for long-term pain management in chronic diseases (eg, etoricoxib). In any case, the practitioner should take into account the priority of patient safety and pay the utmost attention to the prevention of NSAIDassociated complications, and also keep in mind the duration of the specific drug administration permitted by the patient information leaflet. It was also noted that the launch of a new generic etoricoxib (Kostarox®) expands the possibilities of analgesic therapy for the Russian practitioners.