bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of GL‐V9, a derivative of wogonin, in rat plasma by UPLC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after oral and pulmonary administration
Authors: Xing Han , Ren Chang , Kong Ying , Ni Qi , Wang Zeyu , Zhao Di , Li Ning , Chen Xijing , Lu Yang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGL‐V9, a derivative of wogonin, shows much more potent anticancer properties than wogonin. In this study, a selective, sensitive and rapid ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of GL‐V9 in rat plasma. Plasma samples were processed using methanol to precipitate protein. Chromatographic separation of analytes was achieved on a C18 column using gradient elution within 4.5 min. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water including 0.1% (v/v) formic acid and 5 mm ammonium acetate. GL‐V9 and caffeine (internal standard) were monitored by positive electrospray triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and quantified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with the transitions of m/z 410.20 → 126.10 (GL‐V9) and 195.10 → 138.00 (IS: caffeine), respectively. Good linearity was obtained over the range of 2–1000 ng/mL (R2 > 0.99) and the extraction recovery was 101.91 ± 11.34%. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision variations were small (RSD 1.35–6.96%) and the relative error (RE) of accuracy was −7.35–6.27%. The established and validated UPLC–MS/MS method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic behavior of GL‐V9 after administration through different delivery routes. The results demonstrated that pulmonary delivery exhibited a greater advantage in terms of improving bioavailability compared with oral administration.
Assorted control charts: An efficient statistical approach to monitor pH values in ecotoxicology lab
Authors: Abbas Nasir , Saeed Usman , Riaz Muhammad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrimarily, three types of control charts are employed to observe the disturbances in the process parameters. The large shifts are detected efficiently by Shewhart's control chart, whereas for small and medium instabilities, cumulative sum and exponentially weighted moving average control charts are used. This study proposes an assorted approach to monitor small, medium, and large disturbances in a single control charting procedure. For the evaluation of the proposed assorted control chart, we have used various measures like average run length, standard deviation run length, extra quadratic loss, relative average run length, and performance comparison index. A comparison of the proposed assorted control chart is presented with some typical charts including the Shewhart, cumulative sum, exponentially weighted moving average control charts, and some advanced modification such as combined Shewhart‐EWMA (CSE), combined Shewhart‐CUSUM (CSC), mixed EWMA‐CUSUM (MEC), FIR EWMA, and adaptive EWMA (AEWMA). Finally, a real‐life application example is presented to monitor the pH level of water in an ecotoxicology lab.
Alloyed Tetranuclear Metal Chains of Pd4−nPtn (n=0–3) Scaffolded by a New Linear Tetraphosphine Containing a PNP Bridge
Authors: Tanase Tomoaki , Tanaka Miho , Hamada Mami , Morita Yuka , Nakamae Kanako , Ura Yasuyuki , Nakajima Takayuki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA new linear tetraphosphine containing a PNP phosphazane bridge, rac‐bis[(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphino]phenylamine (rac‐dpmppan), was synthesized and utilized to support a series of Pd/Pt mixed metal tetranuclear chains, [Pd4−nPtn(μ‐rac‐dpmppan)2(XylNC)2](PF6)2 (XylNC=xylyl isocyanide; n=0: Pd4 (1), 1: PtPd3 (2), 2: PtPd2Pt (3), 2: Pt2Pd2 (4), 3: Pt2PdPt (5)), in which the number and positions of additional Pt atoms were successfully controlled depending on the respective synthetic procedures using transformations from 1 to 3 through 2 and from 4 to 5 by redox‐coupled exchange reactions. The 31P{1H} NMR and ESI mass spectra and X‐ray diffraction analyses revealed almost identical tetranuclear structures, with slight contraction of metal‐metal bonds according to incorporation of Pt atoms. The electronic absorption spectra of 1–5 exhibited characteristic bands at 635–510 nm with an energy propensity depending on the number and positions of Pt centres, which were assigned to HOMO (dσ*σσ*) to LUMO (dσ*σ*σ*) transition by theoretical calculations. The present results demonstrated that the electronic structures of Pd/Pt mixed‐metal tetranuclear complexes are finely tuned as orbital‐overlapping alloyed metal chains by atomically precise Pt incorporation in the Pd4 chain.
Simulation of unsteady blood flows in a patient‐specific compliant pulmonary artery with a highly parallel monolithically coupled fluid‐structure interaction algorithm
Authors: Kong Fande , Kheyfets Vitaly , Finol Ender , Cai Xiao‐Chuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) is increasingly used to study blood flows in patient‐specific arteries for understanding certain cardiovascular diseases. The techniques work quite well for relatively simple problems but need improvements when the problems become harder when (a) the geometry becomes complex (eg, a few branches to a full pulmonary artery), (b) the model becomes more complex (eg, fluid‐only to coupled fluid‐structure interaction), (c) both the fluid and wall models become highly nonlinear, and (d) the computer on which we run the simulation is a supercomputer with tens of thousands of processor cores. To push the limit of CFD in all four fronts, in this paper, we develop and study a highly parallel algorithm for solving a monolithically coupled fluid‐structure system for the modeling of the interaction of the blood flow and the arterial wall. As a case study, we consider a patient‐specific, full size pulmonary artery obtained from computed tomography (CT) images, with an artificially added layer of wall with a fixed thickness. The fluid is modeled with a system of incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations, and the wall is modeled by a geometrically nonlinear elasticity equation. As far as we know, this is the first time the unsteady blood flow in a full pulmonary artery is simulated without assuming a rigid wall. The proposed numerical algorithm and software scale well beyond 10 000 processor cores on a supercomputer for solving the fluid‐structure interaction problem discretized with a stabilized finite element method in space and an implicit scheme in time involving hundreds of millions of unknowns.
Performance anomaly detection using isolation‐trees in heterogeneous workloads of web applications in computing clouds
Authors: Kardani‐Moghaddam Sara , Buyya Rajkumar , Ramamohanarao Kotagiri 
Published: April 2019

SummaryCloud computing is a model for on‐demand access to shared resources based on the pay‐per‐use policy. In order to efficiently manage the resources, a continuous analysis of the operational state of the system is required to be able to detect the performance degradations and malfunctioned resources as soon as possible. Every change in the workload, hardware condition, or software code can change the state of the system from normal to abnormal, which causes the performance and quality of service degradations. These changes or anomalies vary from a simple gradual increase in the load to flash crowds, hardware faults, software bugs, etc. In this paper, we propose Isolation‐Forest based anomaly detection (IFAD) framework based on the unsupervised Isolation technique for anomaly detection in a multi‐attribute space of performance indicators for web‐based applications. Unsupervised nature of the algorithm and its fast execution make this algorithm most suitable for the environments with dynamic nature where the patterns of data change frequently. The experiment results demonstrate that IFAD can achieve good detection accuracy especially in terms of precision for multiple types of the anomaly. Moreover, we show the importance of validating the accuracy of anomaly detection algorithms with regard to both Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Precision‐Recall AUC (PRAUC) in an extensive set of comparisons including multiple unsupervised algorithms. The demonstration of the effectiveness of each algorithm shown by PRAUC results indicates the importance of PRAUC in selecting suitable anomaly detection algorithm, which is largely ignored in the literature.
Self‐Assembly of a β‐Peptide Foldamer: The Role of the Surfactant in Three‐Dimensional Shape Selection
Authors: Gong Jintaek , Eom Taedaehyeong , Lee Wonchul , Roy Arup , Kwon Sunbum , Kim Hyungjun , Lee Hee‐Seung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effect of a small ionic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), on the self‐assembly of a β‐peptide has been systematically studied by using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The latter study suggested that the formation of asymmetric microcrystals may be due to the preferential adsorption of CTAB on {011} and (001) crystal faces. This work provides a plausible rationale for the characteristic 3D morphogenesis of foldectures and elucidates the interaction between the surfactant and organic building block molecules.
Rapid assessment of coral cover from environmental DNA in Hawai'i
Authors: Nichols Patrick K. , Marko Peter B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCoral reefs support the most diverse assemblages of marine life on Earth, yet are declining due to local and global stressors. Rapid and widespread monitoring is essential for tracking ecosystem responses, but assessment of coral communities traditionally relies on time‐consuming visual estimates of coral cover, the percentage of substrate occupied by living corals. The analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) offers fast and efficient insights into the abundance and distribution of species, yet it remains untested to monitor coral biomass. Here, we demonstrate that visual estimates are highly correlated with the abundance of coral eDNA on reefs in Hawai'i measured with a relatively simple, rapid, but replicated PCR‐based metabarcoding approach. Target sequence length was also tested by amplifying short (~120 base‐pairs) and long (~400 base‐pairs) fragments from the same region of two mitochondrial DNA genes, 16S ribosomal DNA, and cytochrome oxidase‐1 using primers designed to preferentially amplify Hawaiian coral genera. Careful primer selection and target sequence lengths play an important role in determination of coral abundance from eDNA biomass. Given its broad applicability and ease of use, eDNA metabarcoding can provide complementary analytical support for biomonitoring programs and management initiatives tracking changes in coral cover caused by climate change and other disturbances on coral reefs.
The impact of post‐migration stressors on refugees’ emotional distress and health: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: James Poppy , Iyer Aarti , Webb Thomas L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRefugees often experience poor physical and mental health outcomes following resettlement. These outcomes have been linked to the conditions that are experienced by refugees in the post‐migration context, but little is known about the mechanisms by which these conditions influence health. We therefore conducted secondary analyses of the Survey of New Refugees, a large longitudinal study commissioned by the UK Home Office with data collected at four time points spanning 21 months. Refugees’ experience of emotional distress such as feeling stressed, worried, and depressed fully mediated the relationship between post‐migration stressors and longitudinal general health. There was no evidence that perceived social support influenced this relationship. These findings suggest that emotional distress contributes to poor health outcomes among refugees and thus that interventions might target emotional distress.
Utilization of cocoa activated carbon for trimethylamine and hydrogen sulfide gas removals in a confined space and its techno‐economic analysis and life‐cycle analysis
Authors: Wang Shuang , Nam Hoseok , Nam Hyungseok 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, a removal technique of porous activated carbon filter was developed using copper impregnated on commercially available cocoa activated carbon (Cu/AC) for the removal of toxic pollutant gases (trimethylamine [TMA] and hydrogen sulfide [H2S]). Cu/AC (filter) was characterized with Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/Differential thermal analysis, proximate analysis, Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur (CHNS)/O, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, the results indicated the Cu/AC possesses good physical and chemical characteristics and is suitable for adsorption of air pollutants. The Cu/AC filter exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for the removal of TMA (qe = 654.8 mg/g) and H2S (qe = 220.37 mg/g). The isotherm and kinetic models were applied to analyze the adsorption properties and adsorption mechanism. Langmuir isotherm showed best fit for the adsorption of TMA and H2S, whereas the pseudo‐first‐ and second‐order kinetic models best fitted in describing the adsorption of H2S and TMA, respectively. Also, the adsorption process for the removal of TMA and H2S was controlled by the intraparticle diffusion model. The H2S‐adsorbed Cu/AC filter can be regenerated but not lasting too many cycles. Techno‐economic analysis and life‐cycle analysis (LCA) were performed at a plant scale. Production costs were ¢1.37 for cocoa AC filter and ¢10.13 for activated rice husk (ARH) filter. Also, the LCA result for during the filter production was estimated to be 2.52 kg CO2‐eq for cocoa AC filter and 4.47 kg CO2‐eq for ARH filter. This study proves the competitiveness compared to ARH filter of the previous study in the adsorption performance and the filter production cost.
Sulfation, pore, and fractal properties of hydrated spent calcium magnesium acetate from calcium‐based looping
Authors: Zhang Shiling , Zhang Lihui , Duan Feng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydration of the spent calcium‐based sorbent from calcium‐looping can improve its inadequate pore characteristics. The hydrated sorbent can be used for desulfurization before calcium‐based looping, which decreases the SO2 concentration in the flue gas entering the calcium‐based looping and also decreases the cost of CO2 capture. The effects of hydration time, hydration temperature, and liquid‐solid ratio on the reactivation performance of a hydrated spent calcium‐based sorbent were studied using spent calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) in this study. Fractal analysis based on the pore structure data of the hydrated sorbents was also conducted, and the relationship between the fractal dimension and the desulfurization performance of the hydrated spent sorbents was also investigated. The results showed that the sulfation conversion rate of the hydrated spent CMA decreased slowly at first, and then increased with hydration time. The conversion rate also increased with the hydration temperature but it decreased with the liquid‐solid ratio. The maximum sulfation conversion of the hydrated spent CMA under the optimized conditions was 68.0%, which approached that of fresh CMA. Compared to that of spent CMA, the sulfation conversion increased by 53.3%. The spent CMA consisted mainly of mesopores and macropores. After hydration, the volumes of both types of pores increased. However, the mesopore percentage decreased, while the macropore percentage increased. The hydrated spent CMA had obvious fractal characteristics. There was an optimum range for the fractal dimension of the samples, 2.31 < D < 2.35, at which the sulfation conversion was maximized. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Astrocyte‐specific deletion of the mitochondrial m‐AAA protease reveals glial contribution to neurodegeneration
Authors: Murru Sara , Hess Simon , Barth Esther , Almajan Eva R. , Schatton Désirée , Hermans Steffen , Brodesser Susanne , Langer Thomas , Kloppenburg Peter , Rugarli Elena I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction causes neurodegeneration but whether impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis in astrocytes contributes to this pathological process remains largely unknown. The m‐AAA protease exerts quality control and regulatory functions crucial for mitochondrial homeostasis. AFG3L2, which encodes one of the subunits of the m‐AAA protease, is mutated in spinocerebellar ataxia SCA28 and in infantile syndromes characterized by spastic‐ataxia, epilepsy and premature death. Here, we investigate the role of Afg3l2 and its redundant homologue Afg3l1 in the Bergmann glia (BG), radial astrocytes of the cerebellum that have functional connections with Purkinje cells (PC) and regulate glutamate homeostasis. We show that astrocyte‐specific deletion of Afg3l2 in the mouse leads to late‐onset motor impairment and to degeneration of BG, which display aberrant morphology, altered expression of the glutamate transporter EAAT2, and a reactive inflammatory signature. The neurological and glial phenotypes are drastically exacerbated when astrocytes lack both Afg31l and Afg3l2, and therefore, are totally depleted of the m‐AAA protease. Moreover, mitochondrial stress responses and necroptotic markers are induced in the cerebellum. In both mouse models, targeted BG show a fragmented mitochondrial network and loss of mitochondrial cristae, but no signs of respiratory dysfunction. Importantly, astrocyte‐specific deficiency of Afg3l1 and Afg3l2 triggers secondary morphological degeneration and electrophysiological changes in PCs, thus demonstrating a non‐cell‐autonomous role of glia in neurodegeneration. We propose that astrocyte dysfunction amplifies both neuroinflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity in patients carrying mutations in AFG3L2, leading to a vicious circle that contributes to neuronal death.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms and its associated factors among healthy community‐dwelling older adults living in Australia and the United States
Authors: Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Agustini Bruno , Woods Robyn L. , McNeil John J. , Nelson Mark R. , Shah Raj C. , Nguyen Van , Storey Elsdon , Murray Anne M. , Reid Christopher M. , Kirpach Brenda , Wolfe Rory , Lockery Jessica E. , Berk Michael ,   on behalf of the ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to estimate prevalence rates and factors associated with depressive symptoms indexed by the Centre for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D‐10) score in a large sample of community‐dwelling healthy older adults from Australia and the United States. Convergent and divergent validity of the CES‐D‐10 were also examined.MethodsA total of 19 114 individuals aged greater than or equal to 65 years old were enrolled from a primary prevention clinical trial. Depressive symptoms were classified using the CES‐D‐10 score greater than or equal to 8 and greater than or equal to 10. Gender‐specific prevalence for subgroups according to sociodemographic characteristics were reported, and factors associated with depressive symptoms were estimated.ResultsThe overall prevalence rates of depressive symptoms were 9.8%, 95% CI, 8.5‐11.2 and 5.0%, 95% CI, 4.0‐6.0, according to the CES‐D‐10 score greater than or equal to 8 and greater than or equal to 10, respectively. Depressive symptoms were more common in women, individuals with less than 12 years of education, those living alone or in a residential care, ethnic minorities, current smokers, and former alcohol users. Convergent and divergent validities of the CES‐D‐10 were confirmed by observing strong negative association with the SF‐12 mental health component and a modest negative association with SF‐12 physical component, respectively.ConclusionsThis study reports the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Australian and US community‐dwelling healthy older populations. These findings emphasize the high burden of the condition and factors associated with depressive symptoms, to better inform clinicians and help with early detection and treatment of depression in this age group.
Optimization of the photodynamic inactivation of prions by a phthalocyanine photosensitizer: The crucial involvement of singlet oxygen
Authors: Kostelanska Marie , Freisleben Jaroslav , Backovska Hanusova Zdenka , Mosko Tibor , Vik Robert , Moravcova Daniela , Hamacek Ales , Mosinger Jiri , Holada Karel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrion disorders are fatal neurodegenerative diseases caused by the autocatalytic conversion of a natively occurring prion protein (PrPC) into its misfolded infectious form (PrPTSE). The proven resistance of PrPTSE to common disinfection procedures increases the risk of prion transmission in medical settings. Herein, we present the effective photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of prions by disulfonated hydroxyaluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcOH(SO3)2) utilizing two custom‐built red light sources. The treatment eliminates PrPTSE signal in infectious mouse brain homogenate with efficiency that depends on light intensity but has a low effect on the overall protein content. Importantly, singlet oxygen (O2(1Δg)) is the only species significantly photogenerated by AlPcOH(SO3)2, and it is responsible for the PDI of prions. More intensive light conditions show not only higher O2(1Δg) production but also decreases in AlPcOH(SO3)2 photostability. Our findings suggest that PDI by AlPcOH(SO3)2‐generated O2(1Δg) represents a promising approach for prion inactivation that may be useful in future decontamination strategies for delicate medical tools.
Identification of association between rs1057317 polymorphism in TLR4 3′‐untranslated region and the susceptibility to osteoporosis
Authors: Hong Ronghua , Xie Jingjing , Zhang Fuguo , Pan Hansong , Guo Changjun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt has been proved that the expression of TLR4 is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis (OP). One single‐nucleotide polymorphism located within the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of TLR4 may “generate” binding site of miR‐34a and thereby associated with risk of OP. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were used to specify the effect of polymorphisms on the interaction between miR‐34a and TLR4 gene. Western blot analysis and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were used to study the expressions of miR‐34a, TLR4 in different groups or cells transfected with miR‐34a mimics or inhibitor. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to estimate the effect of miR‐34a on the apoptosis of osteoblast. TLR4 was identified as a target of miR‐34a, with negative regulatory relationship predicted. The expression levels of miR‐34a was comparable with each other between CC, CA, and AA groups, and the expression levels of TLR4 was evidently lower in CC compared with GG and GC groups. Also, TLR4 level in culture osteoblast (genotyped as CC) treated with miR‐34a mimics was substantially downregulated compared with scramble control, while those cells (genotyped as CC) treated with miR‐34a inhibitors showed increased expression of TLR4. Additionally, the apoptosis of osteoblast genotyped as CC was decreased following transfection with miR‐34a mimics, while evidently promoted subsequent to transfect with miR‐34a inhibitor. The regulatory association between rs1057317 polymorphism in TLR4 3′‐UTR led to an inhibitory effect on the expression of TLR4 by miR‐34a, which may explain the observed association between the polymorphism and the susceptibility to OP.