bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of functional localization accuracy with different co‐registration strategies in presurgical fMRI for brain tumor patients
Authors: Jen Mu‐Lan , Hassan Islam , Hou Ping , Li Guang , Kumar Ashok J. , Prabhu Sujit S. , Colen Rivka R. , Liu Ho‐Ling 
Published: May 2018

PurposePresurgical fMRI is an important tool for surgery navigation in achieving maximum resection of a brain tumor. However, the functional localization accuracy may be compromised by spatial transformation from echo‐planar images to high‐resolution structural images. We evaluated functional localization errors associated with the spatial transformation process using three algorithms commonly applied to the presurgical fMRI in the clinic.MethodsMR images of 20 brain tumor patients for presurgical evaluation of eloquent areas near motor cortices were analyzed. All fMRI data were spatially transferred to 3D T1‐weighted images using three algorithms: (a) coordinate matching (CM), (b) automated registration (AR), and (c) AR plus manual adjustment (ARadj). Activation clusters overlaid on original echo‐planar images were manually delineated on slice‐matched 2D T1‐ weighted images and then transferred to the 3D T1‐weighted image volume, and served as the reference localization. Functional localization errors were estimated by measuring the distance between the reference localization and the activation cluster after spatial transformation and then compared for the three algorithms.ResultsThe 3D Euclidean distance for AR (10.2 ± 4.9 mm) was found to be significantly larger (P < 0.05) than those for CM (5.6 ± 2.6 mm) and ARadj (5.8 ± 3.0 mm) algorithms. The difference between the localization errors in CM and ARadj was not statistically significant.ConclusionsA procedure was proposed to evaluate functional localization errors associated with spatial transformation in presurgical fMRI. Our results highlighted the necessity of routine quality control for the AR processing in the clinic.
Chemical exchange rotation transfer (CERT) on human brain at 3 Tesla
Authors: Lin Eugene C. , Li Hua , Zu Zhongliang , Louie Elizabeth A. , Lankford Christopher L. , Dortch Richard D. , Does Mark D. , Gore John C. , Gochberg Daniel F. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo test the ability of a novel pulse sequence applied in vivo at 3 Tesla to separate the contributions to the water signal from amide proton transfer (APT) and relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement (rNOE) from background direct water saturation and semisolid magnetization transfer (MT). The lack of such signal source isolation has confounded conventional chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging.MethodsWe quantified APT and rNOE signals using a chemical exchange rotation transfer (CERT) metric, MTRdouble. A range of duty cycles and average irradiation powers were applied, and results were compared with conventional CEST analyses using asymmetry (MTRasym) and extrapolated magnetization transfer (EMR).ResultsOur results indicate that MTRdouble is more specific than MTRasym and, because it requires as few as 3 data points, is more rapid than methods requiring a complete Z‐spectrum, such as EMR. In white matter, APT (1.5 ± 0.5%) and rNOE (2.1 ± 0.7%) were quantified by using MTRdouble with a 30% duty cycle and a 0.5‐µT average power. In addition, our results suggest that MTRdouble is insensitive to B0 inhomogeneity, further magnifying its speed advantage over CEST metrics that require a separate B0 measurement. However, MTRdouble still has nontrivial sensitivity to B1 inhomogeneities.ConclusionWe demonstrated that MTRdouble is an alternative metric to evaluate APT and rNOE, which is fast, robust to B0 inhomogeneity, and easy to process.
Multidisciplinary amyotrophic lateral sclerosis telemedicine care: The store and forward method
Authors: Pulley Michael T. , Brittain Rebecca , Hodges Wayne , Frazier Christine , Miller Leslie , Matyjasik‐Liggett Maria , Maurer Susan , Peters Melissa , Solomon Kimberly , Berger Alan R. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients benefit from multidisciplinary care in an ALS clinic. We studied whether multidisciplinary care of ALS patients using the store and forward method of telemedicine was feasible and acceptable to patients and providers. Methods: ALS patients seen in the University of Florida (UF) Jacksonville ALS clinic were eligible for our study. A trained telemedicine nurse performed and recorded a multidisciplinary assessment of the patient in their home. Clinic team members reviewed the assessments and provided recommendations, and the clinic director discussed the plan with the patient via videoconference. Patient and provider satisfaction was evaluated using surveys. Results: Eighteen patients completed a total of 27 telemedicine visits. Patient satisfaction was excellent and provider satisfaction was very good. Discussion: The store and forward method of telemedicine is an acceptable alternative to live telemedicine for the multidisciplinary care of ALS patients. This method of care may improve access to multidisciplinary care for this patient population. Muscle Nerve 59:34–39, 2019
Effect of Two Levels of Temperature and Natural and Artificial Photoperiod on Growth and Metamorphosis of Bullfrog Tadpoles in an Intensive Rearing System
Authors: Aguirre-Becerra Humberto , García-Trejo Juan Fernando , Peña-Herrejón Guillermo Abraham , Muniz-Afonso Andre , Feregrino-Pérez Ana Angélica , Soto-Zarazúa Genaro Martín 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The effect of two levels of temperature and natural and artificial photoperiods on the growth and metamorphosis of tadpoles of the American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana were evaluated in an intensive-rearing culture environment. Four groups of tadpoles at Gosner stage 24–25 were subjected for 50 d to four different treatments: (1) Tadpole culture with temperature control system (25.9 ± 0.34°C) and natural photoperiod of 12.25 h light : 11.75 h dark (treatment T), (2) an artificial photoperiod of 10 h light : 14 h dark using a white LED lamp and no temperature control system (18.7 ± 1°C) (treatment P), (3) the combination of temperature control system (26.01 ± 0.44°C) and an artificial photoperiod (10 h light : 14 h dark) (treatment T/P), and (4) culture with no temperature control system (21.87 ± 1.09°C) and a natural photoperiod (12.25 h light : 11.75 h dark) (treatment N/S). The experiment was performed under greenhouse conditions. Tadpoles in treatments T and T/P had the best growth performance as measured by total length (45.34 ± 1.89 mm [mean ± SE] for T/P, 44.72 ± 2.13 mm for T), head length (17.15 ± 0.67 mm for T/P, 18.34 ± 0.70 for T), and weight (1.00 ± 0.03 g for T/P, 1.14 ± 0.013 g for T). Tadpoles reared using white light LED lamps had reduced growth. The best results for tadpole metamorphosis were obtained in treatment T/P (25.9%), while treatment P presented the highest survival (36.2%). This experiment demonstrates that having temperature regulation is important to achieve better tadpole growth in intensive rearing systems. The regulation of both variables (T and P) is recommended for activating metamorphosis in the final phases of the tadpole development.
Gear- and Season-Specific Catch Rates of Age-0 Walleyes and White Bass: Standard Sampling Recommendations for Great Plains Reservoirs
Authors: Miller Brett T. , Schoenebeck Casey W. , Koupal Keith D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Walleye Sander vitreus and White Bass Morone chrysops are two of the most popular sport fish species sought by anglers in the Great Plains. However, not all sampling approaches effectively capture age-0 Walleyes and White Bass, and therefore it may be difficult for fisheries managers to index age-0 year-class strength. We evaluated the differences among three gears for sampling age-0 Walleyes and White Bass: bag seining, boat electrofishing, and small-mesh gill netting. Boat electrofishing had the highest average catch, lowest minimum sample size needed to obtain a relative standard error of 25%, low operational effort, and the lowest mortality. The average catches of age-0 Walleyes and White Bass were positively correlated, suggesting that the two species can be sampled simultaneously. Considering all of the metrics evaluated, we recommend boat electrofishing in September as the most appropriate way to sample age-0 Walleyes and White Bass in reservoirs.
The ability of prior urinary cultures results to predict future culture results in neurogenic bladder patients
Authors: Clark Roderick , Welk Blayne 
Published: May 2018

AimsTo determine if previous urinary cultures can predict the organism and susceptibility of subsequent urinary cultures in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.MethodsWe retrospectively identified a sample of neurogenic bladder patients from a tertiary care urology clinic (July 2015‐July 2016). We reviewed the patient chart, and then used the electronic laboratory record to identify all urine cultures done in the 2 years prior. We identified sequential culture pairs and determined the concordance of the initial culture organism to the subsequent one and similarly the concordance of the initial culture's antibiotic resistance status to the subsequent culture's one.ResultsWe identified 146 people with neurogenic bladder (mostly due to spinal cord injury [n = 61], multiple sclerosis [n = 26], or spina bifida [n = 25]). These individuals used primarily intermittent catheterization (n = 69, 47%) spontaneous voiding (n = 59, 40%), or indwelling foley catheter (n = 31, 21%). During the previous 2‐years, 81 participants had at least two positive urine cultures and a total of 479 cultures could be examined for organism/susceptibility concordance. There was 56% concordance of bacterial species between subsequent urine cultures, and this decreased significantly with increasing time between cultures (P = 0.02). Antibiotic susceptibility concordance was high for ciprofloxacin (77%), nitrofurantoin (79%), and trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (75%), with no significant change with increasing time between cultures (P > 0.90).ConclusionsPrevious positive urine cultures can provide valuable information regarding future organism and antibiotic susceptibility in individuals with neurogenic bladder. The practise of reviewing the previous urine culture when selecting empiric therapy is likely an effective practise in this population.
Polymyxin B Pharmacokinetics in Adult Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Avedissian Sean N. , Miglis Cristina , Kubin Christine J. , Rhodes Nathaniel J. , Yin Michael T. , Cremers Serge , Prickett Michelle , Scheetz Marc H. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesPolymyxin B pharmacokinetics (PK) in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) are not well described. The goals of this pilot study were to identify a PK model for patients with CF receiving polymyxin B with exploration of covariate relationships of the PK parameters, to compare polymyxin B PK parameters in adults without CF, and to probe exposures associated with different dosing schemes through simulation.MethodsAdult patients with CF treated with polymyxin B at New York‐Presbyterian Hospital had PK samples measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. Multiple PK models were fit utilizing Pmetrics for R. Model covariates considered included: age, total body weight, creatinine clearance, albumin, and body mass index. PK parameters in CF patients were compared with PK parameters for 53 adults without CF who were receiving polymyxin B from the same institution. Simulations with target exposure (area under the curve)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 mg*L/h were conducted for different dosing schemes and MIC ranges.Main ResultsNine patients with CF received between 58 and 240 mg of polymyxin B (median 1.47 mg/kg/dose [IQR (1.43–1.65)]). A two‐compartment model adjusting polymyxin B clearance for patient CrCl was better than a standard two‐compartment model (p=0.004) in CF patients. When compared to PK parameters for patients without CF, PK parameters of polymyxin B in CF were similar (p>0.05). Simulations for plasma concentrations showed all regimens performed adequately at MICs between 0.03125 and 0.125 mg/L but not at increasing MICs of 1 and 2 mg/L.ConclusionsIn this pilot study of polymyxin B PK in adults with CF, the PK parameters of polymyxin B were mostly similar to adults without CF. We observed a potential association between CrCl and polymyxin B clearance, which stands in contrast to the general adult population. However, this observation requires further study. Additional studies focusing on optimal and safe polymyxin B dosing in CF are needed.
Quality of life and psychological distress are differentially associated with distinct symptom‐functional states in terminally ill cancer patients' last year of life
Authors: Wen Fur‐Hsing , Chen Jen‐Shi , Chou Wen‐Chi , Hsieh Chia‐Hsun , Chang Wen‐Cheng , Shen Wen Chi , Tang Siew Tzuh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveQuality of life (QOL) and psychological distress at end of life (EOL) heavily depend on symptom distress and functional impairment, which may not deteriorate synchronously at EOL.MethodsUsing multivariate hierarchical linear modeling, we simultaneously evaluated the differential association of 5 previously identified, worsening conjoint symptom‐functional states with QOL, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms over 317 terminally ill cancer patients' last year of life. Quality of life, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were measured by the McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, respectively.ResultsQuality of life, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms deteriorated significantly more for patients in the 4 worst symptom‐functional states (states 2‐5) than in the best state (state 1). Quality of life did not differ significantly among patients in states 2 to 5. However, patients in state 4 had significantly lower anxiety‐symptom levels than patients in states 2, 3, and 5, whose anxiety‐symptom levels did not differ significantly. In contrast, depressive‐symptom levels differed significantly between participants in any 2 of the worst symptom‐functional states, except between participants in states 3 and 5 as well as between those in states 2 and 4.ConclusionThe 5 distinct symptom‐functional states contributed to worsening QOL, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms, but each was negatively and uniquely associated with psychological well‐being in terminally ill cancer patients' last year of life.Clinical ImplicationsThe psychological well‐being and QOL of high‐risk patients in states 3 and 5 may be improved at EOL by targeting them with appropriate symptom management interventions and facilitating their functioning.
Evaluating the Trade‐Offs between Invasion and Isolation for Native Brook Trout and Nonnative Brown Trout in Pennsylvania Streams
Authors: Kirk Mark A. , Rosswog Anna N. , Ressel Kirsten N. , Wissinger Scott A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA popular conservation strategy for native trout species in western North America is to prevent invasions by nonnative trout by installing barriers that isolate native trout populations into headwater streams. In eastern North America, native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis are frequently replaced in coolwater habitats by nonnative Brown Trout Salmo trutta and relegated to small headwater streams. In this study, we compared the effects of isolation and invasion by nonnative Brown Trout on the distribution and demographic structure of Brook Trout populations from 78 trout streams in northwestern Pennsylvania. The Brook Trout and Brown Trout distributions varied in predictable ways along the stream size gradient, with Brown Trout becoming dominant in larger streams. However, there was a prominent barrier effect, with streams 12 times more likely to have Brook Trout than Brown Trout when a downstream barrier was present between the sample site and the nearest Brown Trout stocking location. In comparison, 91% of the streams with Brown Trout had no downstream barrier, suggesting that barriers are important in creating refugia for Brook Trout. Brown Trout also appeared to have a negative impact on Brook Trout population demographics, as Brook Trout populations in sympatry with Brown Trout had fewer age‐classes and lower population densities than allopatric Brook Trout populations. Isolating Brook Trout to small headwater streams with downstream barriers that prevent Brown Trout invasion could be a viable conservation strategy in regions where barriers would serve to reduce the negative impacts from Brown Trout. Since barriers could further fragment local Brook Trout populations, however, they would need to be strategically placed to allow for seasonal movements to maintain metapopulation structure and ensure population persistence.
The function of modal judgment and the Kantian gap
Authors: Leech Jessica 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhat is the function of modal judgment? Why do we (need to be able to) make judgments of possibility and necessity? Or are such judgments, in fact, dispensable? This paper introduces and develops an answer to these questions based on Kant’s remarks in section 76 of theCritique of Judgment.Here, Kant appears to argue the following: that a capacity to make modal judgments using (categorial) modal concepts is required for a capacity for objective representation, in light of our split cognitive architecture. This split cognitive architecture leaves room for a mismatch between our concepts and intuitions and, Kant argues, that is why we need modal concepts and modal judgments. In this paper, I develop this account of the function of modal judgment and to explore the extent to which it may improve upon contemporary alternatives. I focus on one particularly important challenge for the account: to explain why a distinction between the actual and thepossible,rather than merely a distinction between the actual and thenon-actual, is required. In order to answer this question, I supplement the account with a particular way of thinking about objectivity.
Morphometric Analysis and Hydrological Inference for Water Resource Management in Atrai-Sib River Basin, NW Bangladesh Using Remote Sensing and GIS Technique
Authors: Jahan Chowdhury Sarwar , Rahaman Md. Ferozur , Arefin Riad , Ali Shamser , Mazumder Quamrul Hasan 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Demand for irrigation water increases day by day along with meteorological vagaries and extension of irrigated area in the drought-prone Barind area of Bangladesh. This increasing stress on water resource is gradually making the area water scare. The study is aimed at studying the morphometric parameters of the Atrai-Sib river basin in the Barind area and on their relevance in water resource management based on satellite images and SRTM DEM. Computation and delineation of linear and areal aspects of the river basin and its morphometric components reveals that stream order ranges from first to eighth order showing dendritic drainage pattern. The basin represents homogeneity of soil texture; possibility of flash flood after heavy rainfall with low discharge of runoff; and is not largely affected by structural disturbance. Moderate drainage density of the river basin area indicates semi-permeable soil lithology with moderate vegetation. Mean bifurcation ratio of the basin is calculated as 3.92 and elongation ratio 0.75, which indicate elongated shape of the river basin with low to moderate relief bounded in the east and west by ‘moderate to steep’ sloping land area. It reveals a flatter peak of runoff flow for longer duration and gravity flow of water. The gentle but undulating slope of the basin represents ‘excellent’ category for groundwater management as the site is favorable for infiltration due to maximum time of runoff water percolation. The east facing slopes of the basin show higher moisture content and higher vegetation than the west-facing slope. The land use pattern of the area shows that major part (95.29%) comes under the cultivated land which will support future river basin development and management. Results obtained from the study would be useful in categorization of river basins for future water resource development and management, and selection of suitable sites for water conservation structures such as check dam, percolation tank, artificial recharge of groundwater through MAR technique etc.
Cyclodextrin–PEG conjugate-wrapped magnetic ferrite nanoparticles for enhanced drug loading and release
Authors: Enoch Israel V. M. V. , Ramasamy Sivaraj , Mohiyuddin Shanid , Gopinath Packirisamy , Manoharan R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are envisaged to overcome the impediments in the methods of targeted drug delivery and hence cure cancer effectively. We report herein, manganese ferrite nanoparticles, coated with β-cyclodextrin-modified polyethylene glycol as a carrier for the drug, camptothecin. The particles are of the size of ~ 100 nm and they show superparamagnetic behaviour. The saturation magnetization does not get diminished on polymer coverage of the nanoparticles. The β-cyclodextrin–polyethylene glycol conjugates are characterized using NMR and mass spectrometric techniques. By coating the magnetic nanoparticles with the cyclodextrin–tethered polymer, the drug-loading capacity is enhanced and the observed release of the drug is slow and sustained. The cell viability of HEK293 and HCT15 cells is evaluated and the cytotoxicity is enhanced when the drug is loaded in the polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles. The noncovalent-binding based and enhanced drug loading on the nanoparticles and the sustained release make the nanocarrier a promising agent for carrying the payload to the target.
Defending eugenics
Authors: Anomaly Jonathan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFor most of human history children have been a byproduct of sex rather than a conscious choice by parents to create people with traits that they care about. As our understanding of genetics advances along with our ability to control reproduction and manipulate genes, prospective parents have stronger moral reasons to consider how their choices are likely to affect their children, and how their children are likely to affect other people. With the advent of cheap and effective contraception, and the emergence of new technologies for in vitro fertilization, embryo selection, and genetic engineering, it is becoming increasingly difficult to justify rolling the genetic dice by having children without thinking about the traits they will have. It is time to face up to the awesome responsibilities that accompany our reproductive choices.