bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of Youth Sports Participation in the United States: Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions
Authors: Pfeiffer Karin A. , Clevenger Kimberly A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: National surveillance of behaviors, including physical activity and sport can provide insight with respect to population-level trends. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize the existing sources of surveillance for organized youth sport participation in the United States and highlight knowledge gaps. Methods: We identified nationally representative and free publicly available surveillance data from 2012 to 2022 and report the prevalence of sport participation, the number of sports in which youth participated, and in which specific sports youth participated overall, and by demographic characteristics. Results: Eight surveillance systems met our inclusion criteria. Across systems, estimates ranged from 39.6% to 81.5% of youth participating in any organized sport, with 21.8% to 30.4% of youth participating in one sport. The most common sports were basketball and soccer. Limited information with respect to characteristics of sport participation was collected across systems. Conclusions: Multiple data sources regarding overall organized youth sport participation are available; there is little information further characterizing this participation (eg, setting, volume, specialization), limiting ability to examine important aspects related to public health. Comprehensive, on-going, national surveillance of multiple youth sport domains is needed in the United States to inform sport-promoting policy and ensure equitable provision of quality sport experiences.
Salmonella
dry surface biofilm: morphology, single-cell landscape, and sanitization
Authors: Lin Zejia , Liang Zhiqian , He Shuang , Chin Fion Wei Lin , Huang Dejian , Hong Yi , Wang Xiang , Li Dan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

In this study,
Salmonella
Typhimurium dry surface biofilm (DSB) formation was investigated in comparison with wet surface biofilm (WSB) development. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis revealed a prominent green cell signal during WSB formation, whereas a red signal predominated during DSB formation. Electron microscopy was also used to compare the features of DSB and WSB. Overall, WSB was unevenly scattered over the surface, whereas DSB was evenly dispersed. In contrast to WSB cells, which have a distinct plasma membrane and outer membrane layer, DSB cells are contained in large capsules and compressed. Next, microbiome single-cell transcriptomics was used to investigate the functional heterogeneity of the
Salmonella
DSB microbiome, with nine clusters successfully identified. Although over 60% of the dried cells were metabolically inactive, the rest of the
Salmonella
cells still demonstrated specific antioxidative and virulence capabilities, suggesting a possible concern for low-moisture food (LMF) safety. Finally, because sanitization in LMF industries must be conducted without water, a list of 39 flavonoids was tested for their combined effect with 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) against DSB, and morin induced the greatest reduction in the green:red ratio from 3.67 to 0.43. Significantly higher reductions of
Salmonella
viability in DSB were achieved by 10-, 100-, 1,000-, and 10,000-µg/mL morin (1.69 ± 0.25, 3.21 ± 0.23, 4.32 ± 0.24, and 5.18 ± 0.16 log CFU/sample reductions) than 70% IPA alone (1.55 ± 0.20 log CFU/sample reduction) (
P
< 0.05), indicating the potential to be formulated as a dry sanitizer for the LMF industry.

IMPORTANCE

DSB growth of foodborne pathogens in LMF processing environments is associated with food safety, financial loss, and compromised consumer trust. This work is the first comprehensive examination of the characteristics of
Salmonella
DSB while exploring its underlying survival mechanisms. Furthermore, morin dissolved in 70% IPA was proposed as an efficient dry sanitizer against DSB to provide insights into biofilm control during LMF processing.
An update on novel taxa and revised taxonomic status of bacteria isolated from domestic companion and agricultural animals described in 2023
Authors: Lawhon Sara D. , Burbick Claire R. , Krueger Trinity , Ruiz-Reyes Elena , Munson Erik 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

With the proliferation of abundant bacterial genomic data comes the recognition of new organisms as well as a better understanding of the relatedness of known bacteria. Recognizing the associated taxonomic changes enhances communication and understanding about the significance of novel organisms and deeper understanding of known pathogens. This review addresses the addition of multiple gastrointestinal bacteria that form the normal microbiota in a variety of animals including honeybees as well as novel bacteria from domestic animals including an alpha-hemolytic
Streptococcus
species from guinea pigs, two
Moraxella
spp. from cows and goats, a new
Capnocytophaga
species from cats, a thermophilic
Campylobacter
species from pigs, and the new
Exercitatus
genus in Family
Pasteurellaceae
. Several revisions to the nomenclature also appeared in 2023 including the change of
Clostridium spiroforme,
which causes anorexia and diarrhea in domestic rabbits, to
Thomasclavelia spiroformis
comb. nov. and
Mannheimia ovis
to
Mannheimia pernigra
.
A temperature-sensitive and less immunogenic Sendai virus for efficient gene editing
Authors: Stevens Christian S. , Carmichael Jillian C. , Watkinson Ruth , Kowdle Shreyas , Reis Rebecca A. , Hamane Kory , Jang Jason , Park Arnold , Pernet Olivier , Khamaikawin Wannisa , Hong Patrick , Thibault Patricia , Gowlikar Aditya , An Dong Sung , Lee Benhur 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The therapeutic potential of gene editing technologies hinges on the development of safe and effective delivery methods. In this study, we developed a temperature-sensitive and less immunogenic Sendai virus (ts SeV) as a novel delivery vector for CRISPR-Cas9 and for efficient gene editing in sensitive human cell types with limited induction of an innate immune response. ts SeV demonstrates high transduction efficiency in human CD34
+
hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) including transduction of the CD34
+
/CD38
−
/CD45RA
−
/CD90
+
(Thy1
+
)/CD49f
high
stem cell enriched subpopulation. The frequency of
CCR5
editing exceeded 90% and bi-allelic
CCR5
editing exceeded 70% resulting in significant inhibition of HIV-1 infection in primary human CD14
+
monocytes. These results demonstrate the potential of the ts SeV platform as a safe, efficient, and flexible addition to the current gene-editing tool delivery methods, which may help further expand the possibilities in personalized medicine and the treatment of genetic disorders.

IMPORTANCE

Gene editing has the potential to be a powerful tool for the treatment of human diseases including HIV, β-thalassemias, and sickle cell disease. Recent advances have begun to overcome one of the major limiting factors of this technology, namely delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing machinery, by utilizing viral vectors. However, gene editing therapies have yet to be implemented due to inherent risks associated with the DNA viral vectors typically used for delivery. As an alternative strategy, we have developed an RNA-based Sendai virus CRISPR-Cas9 delivery vector that does not integrate into the genome, is temperature sensitive, and does not induce a significant host interferon response. This recombinant SeV successfully delivered CRISPR-Cas9 in primary human CD14+ monocytes
ex vivo
resulting in a high level of CCR5 editing and inhibition of HIV infection.
Identification and characterization of host factor VCPIP1 as a multi-functional positive regulator of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Kang Ning , Liu Nannan , Liu Mu , Zhang Shimei , Yang Yang , Hou Jia , Tan Dan , Gao Zixiang , Xie Youhua , Shen Zhongliang , Liu Jing 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains an important public health challenge. Viral covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) persists in infected hepatocytes and serves as the template for transcribing all viral RNA species. HBV regulatory protein X (HBx) interacts with other viral and cellular proteins to play diverse functions in viral life cycle, including modulation of cccDNA transcription activity. Here, we used proximity labeling coupled with proteomic analysis to screen for HBx-interacting host proteins. One of the identified candidates, deubiquitinating enzyme valosin-containing protein-interacting protein 1 (VCPIP1), directly binds HBx and stabilizes HBx by reducing its proteasomal degradation, which corroborated a recent report. VCPIP1-mediated upregulation of HBV transcription, antigen expression, and genome replication was demonstrated using a series of HBV replication and infection models. More importantly, VCPIP1 was found to upregulate HBV in the absence of HBx. Mechanistic studies revealed that VCPIP1 HBx-independently associates with HBV enhancer I/X promoter (EnI/Xp) and positively modulates both its promoter and enhancer activities, partially through promoting the binding of YY1 transcription factor to EnI/Xp. Results presented here expand the recently described role of VCPIP1 in HBV life cycle and establish it as a multi-functional positive regulator of this virus.

IMPORTANCE
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encodes the regulatory protein HBx that plays crucial roles in viral life cycle and cellular processes through interacting with viral and cellular proteins. Identifying HBx-interacting proteins may reveal novel aspects of host-virus interactions. In this work, proximity labeling coupled with proteomic analysis identified multiple HBx-interacting host factors, and among these, valosin-containing protein-interacting protein 1 (VCPIP1) was confirmed to directly bind HBx and reduce its proteasomal degradation, corroborating a recent report. In addition to upregulating HBx-expressing HBV, we showed that VCPIP1 also positively regulates mutant HBV lacking HBx expression. This novel HBx-independent function of VCPIP1 was shown to involve its association with one viral promoter/enhancer element, which upregulated the latter’s promoter and enhancer activities. These results establish VCPIP1 as a positive regulator of HBV that acts through multiple, diverse mechanisms and might also contribute toward revealing novel cellular functions of VCPIP1.
Reporting of late-onset immune-related adverse events with immune checkpoint inhibitors in VigiBase
Authors: Noseda Roberta , Bedussi Francesca , Giunchi Valentina , Fusaroli Michele , Raschi Emanuel , Ceschi Alessandro 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundTo date, evidence on late-onset immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is limited to a small number of clinical cases. This study aimed to identify drug- and patient-related characteristics potentially associated with the reporting of late-onset irAEs with ICIs in VigiBase, the WHO global database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs).MethodsObservational study comparing deduplicated ICSRs with ICIs reporting late-onset irAEs (occurred >90 days after ICI discontinuation) versus ICSRs with ICIs not reporting late-onset irAEs, collected in VigiBase from 2011 to December 31, 2022. Logistic regression was used to model the relationship between drug-related and patient-related characteristics of ICSRs and the reporting of late-onset irAEs. Significance was determined for variables with the lower bound of the 95% CI of the reporting OR (ROR) higher than 1 and a p value <0.05.ResultsThe study population consisted of 6006 ICSRs with ICI-related irAEs (4574, 76.2%, originated from Europe; 3900, 64.9%, involved males; median patient age was 67 years, IQR 59–74 years). Of these, 344 (5.7%) ICSRs reported a total of 388 late-onset irAEs, among which the most frequent were thyroiditis (n=45), pneumonitis (n=37), interstitial lung disease (n=25), hepatitis (n=23) and vitiligo (n=19). Median time to onset since ICI discontinuation was 167 days (IQR 115–294 days), with negligible proportion (3.2%) of co-reported antineoplastic agents during the discontinuation period. Logistic regression models showed disproportionate reporting of late-onset irAEs with ICI combination therapy (ROR 2.33, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.57), reporting of multiple irAEs (ROR 3.96, 95% CI 2.85 to 5.52), reporting of cutaneous irAEs (ROR 1.83, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.71), and melanoma (ROR 1.47, 95% CI 1.04 to 2.06).ConclusionsThis global pharmacovigilance study provides the largest case series of late-onset irAEs with ICIs to date and identifies characteristics of ICSRs associated with disproportionate reporting. Dedicated prospective observational studies focused on long-term sequelae, quality of life and survival of patients developing late-onset irAEs with ICIs should be planned to confirm whether these reporting characteristics are predictors of actual occurrence. Furthermore, translational research should be encouraged to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying late-onset irAE development.
Effect of abnormal distribution of abdominal adiposity and skeletal muscle on the outcomes of endovascular treatment for emergent large vessel occlusion
Authors: Cui Chengcheng , Geng Zhiwen , Chen Hao , Lu Mengxia , Wang Yuqiao , Shen Dayong , Li Rui , Xiao Lulu , Liu Xinfeng 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between imaging indicators of obesity, as measured by computed tomography (CT), and clinical outcomes at 90 days and 1 year after emergent endovascular therapy (EVT).MethodsParticipants with emergent large vessel occlusion (ELVO) who underwent EVT were prospectively enrolled. During hospitalization, CT scans were performed to evaluate the visceral adipose tissue area (VATA) and skeletal muscle area (SMA) at the level of the third lumbar spine. Multivariate regression analysis was used to assess the correlation of obesity-related imaging measures with various outcomes: mortality, favorable functional outcomes (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 0–2), and functional improvement (shift in mRS score) at 90 days and 1 year.ResultsA total of 306 ELVO patients were included in the study, with a median age of 64 years and a median baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 18. After adjusting for potential confounders, the VATA-to-SMA ratio (VSR) was significantly associated with a favorable functional outcome (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.70) at 90 days and a favorable functional outcome (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.61) and functional improvement (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.92) at the 1 year follow-up.ConclusionOur study indicated that lower VSR levels are associated with favorable functional outcomes, along with functional improvement at 90 days and 1 year of follow-up.
Apheresis therapies in MOGAD: a retrospective study of 117 therapeutic interventions in 571 attacks
Authors: Schwake Carolin , Ladopoulos Theodoros , Häußler Vivien , Kleiter Ingo , Ringelstein Marius , Aktas Orhan , Kümpfel Tania , Engels Daniel , Havla Joachim , Hümmert Martin W , Kretschmer Julian Reza , Tkachenko Daria , Trebst Corinna , Ayroza Galvão Ribeiro Gomes Ana Beatriz , Pröbstel Anne-Katrin , Korporal-Kuhnke Mirjam , Wildemann Brigitte , Jarius Sven , Pul Refik , Pompsch Mosche , Krämer Markus , Then Bergh Florian , Gödel Clemens , Schwarz Patricia , Kowarik Markus C , Rommer Paulus Stefan , Vardakas Ioannis , Senel Makbule , Winkelmann Alexander , Retzlaff Nele , Weber Martin S , Husseini Leila , Walter Annette , Schindler Patrick , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Paul Friedemann , Gold Ralf , Ayzenberg Ilya 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIncomplete attack remission is the main cause of disability in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Apheresis therapies such as plasma exchange and immunoadsorption are widely used in neuroimmunology. Data on apheresis outcomes in MOGAD attacks remain limited.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated all apheresis treated attacks occurring in patients with MOGAD between 2008 and 2023 at 18 Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group centres. Treatment response was categorised as complete, partial or no remission. Preattack and follow-up Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and visual Functional System Scores (FSS) were used to calculate absolute outcomes (ΔEDSS/Δvisual FSS). Predictors of complete remission were analysed using a generalised linear mixed model.ResultsApheresis was used for 117/571 (20.5%) attacks in 85/209 (40.7%) patients. Attacks with simultaneous optic neuritis and myelitis were treated more often with apheresis (42.4%, n=14) than isolated myelitis (25.2%, n=35), cerebral manifestation (21.0%, n=17) or isolated optic neuritis (17.6%, n=51). Apheresis was initiated as first-line therapy in 12% (4.5 (IQR 0–11) days after attack onset), second-line therapy in 62% (15 (IQR 6.75–31) days) and third-line therapy in 26% (30 (IQR 19–42) days). Complete remission was achieved in 21%, partial remission in 70% and no remission in 9% of patients. First-line apheresis (OR 2.5, p=0.040) and concomitant disease-modifying therapy (OR 1.5, p=0.011) were associated with complete remission. Both parameters were also associated with a favourable ΔEDSS. No differences in outcomes were observed between the apheresis types.ConclusionApheresis is frequently used in MOGAD attacks. An early start as first-line therapy and concomitant disease-modifying therapy predict full attack recovery.
Comparative Assessment of Simoa and Lumipulse for Measuring Serum Neurofilament Light Chain in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Gasque-Rubio Raquel , Cubas-Nuñez Laura , Tortosa-Carreres Jordi , Forés-Toribio Lorena , Castillo-Villalba Jéssica , Carratalá-Boscá Sara , Alcalá-Vicente Carmen , Quintanilla-Bordás Carlos , Gorriz David , Gascón-Gimenez Francisco , Cervera-Ygual Guillermo , Dominguez-Morán José Andrés , Carcelén-Gadea María , Laiz Marro Begoña , Casanova Bonaventura , Pérez-Miralles Francisco 
Published: November 2024

Background: The assessment of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) is increasingly significant in the field of neurology. In multiple sclerosis (MS), it proves valuable as a marker for monitoring disease activity and treatment response.Objective: To compare the Simoa and Lumipulse platforms for measuring sNfL and to establish age‐specific reference ranges within a substantial cohort of individuals diagnosed with MS.Methods: Two hundred sixty‐one sNfL measurements from a cohort of 229 MS patients were analyzed with Simoa and Lumipulse. Reference ranges for sNfL were established for three age groups (18–39 years, 40–59 years, and > 60 years) selecting data from 166 patients with stable relapsing–remitting MS.Results: While sNfL levels correlated between assays, Lumipulse exhibited values higher than Simoa. Passing–Bablok’s analysis confirmed linearity between the two datasets, and the Bland–Altman comparison further supported the agreement between the methods. Analyzing reference ranges for sNfL across three age groups in stable RRMS patients revealed significant differences between the groups on each of the platforms. Although the values followed the same trend, each technology utilized distinct reference ranges.Conclusion: Simoa and Lumipulse platforms proved equally effective in monitoring patients with MS. The enhanced accessibility of the Lumipulse platform facilitates the expansion of research on sNfL as a biomarker for monitoring MS, thus offering promising opportunities for broader accessibility and advancement in this field.
Durability and Efficacy of Faricimab in Treatment‐Resistant Retinal Edema Utilizing “Real‐World” Dosing Regimens
Authors: Savant Shravan V. , Kwan James T. , Barouch Fina , Chang Jeffrey , Ramsey David J. , Marx Jeffrey , Blaha Gregory , Klein-Mascia Kendra 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To retrospectively analyze clinical outcomes of patients with “treatment‐resistant” neovascular age‐related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema who were switched to intravitreal faricimab injections (IFIs) using a “real‐world” treat‐and‐extend (TAE) protocol.Methods: Seventy‐one eyes from 62 patients receiving antivascular endothelial growth factor injections were evaluated before and after switching to IFI. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Primary endpoints were treatment interval extension and presence of intraretinal or subretinal fluid on spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) after switching to IFI. Secondary endpoints included best‐corrected visual acuity, average OCT central subfield thickness, and presence of a pigment epithelium detachment and pigment epithelium detachment height.Results: The average treatment interval after switching to IFI significantly increased from 37.6 ± 10.8 days to 45.2 ± 16.6 days (p = 0.0016). At the last follow‐up, 35% of eyes were able to achieve a fluid‐free status post‐IFI. A chi‐square test of independence validated this finding by showing a significant difference in the OCT findings trending towards less or no fluid on follow‐up (X2 [3, N = 71] = 13.0705; p = 0.0003). The average central subfield thickness decreased from 327.2 ± 89.1 μm to 294.8 ± 86.5 μm (p = 0.0294). Best‐corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, pigment epithelium detachment presence, and height had no significant difference after switching to IFI.Conclusions: In “treatment‐resistant” patients receiving anti‐VEGF therapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration or diabetic macular edema, switching to IFI in a “real‐world” TAE protocol led to statistically significant improvements in treatment interval and retinal fluid on spectral domain OCT.