bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rainfall partitioning through a mixed cedar swamp and associated C and N fluxes in Southern Ontario, Canada
Authors: Duval Tim P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPartitioning of rainfall through a forest canopy into throughfall, stemflow, and canopy interception is a critical process in the water cycle, and the contact of precipitation with vegetated surfaces leads to increased delivery of solutes to the forest floor. This study investigates the rainfall partitioning over a growing season through a temperate, riparian, mixed coniferous‐deciduous cedar swamp, an ecosystem not well studied with respect to this process. Seasonal throughfall, stemflow, and interception were 69.2%, 1.5%, and 29.3% of recorded above‐canopy precipitation, respectively. Event throughfall ranged from a low of 31.5 ± 6.8% for a small 0.8‐mm event to a high of 82.9 ± 2.4% for a large 42.7‐mm event. Rain fluxes of at least 8 mm were needed to generate stemflow from all instrumented trees. Most trees had funnelling ratios <1.0, with an exponential decrease in funnelling ratio with increasing tree size. Despite this, stand‐scale funnelling ratios averaged 2.81 ± 1.73, indicating equivalent depth of water delivered across the swamp floor by stemflow was greater than incident precipitation. Throughfall dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) averaged 26.60 ± 2.96 and 2.02 ± 0.16 mg L−1, respectively, which were ~11 and three times above‐canopy rain levels. Stemflow DOC averaged 73.33 ± 7.43 mg L−1, 35 times higher than precipitation, and TDN was 4.45 ± 0.56 mg L−1, 7.5 times higher than rain. Stemflow DOC concentration was highest from Populus balsamifera and TDN greatest from Thuja occidentalis trees. Although total below‐canopy flux of TDN increased with increasing event size, DOC flux was greatest for events 20–30 mm, suggesting a canopy storage threshold of DOC was readily diluted. In addition to documenting rainfall partitioning in a novel ecosystem, this study demonstrates the excess carbon and nitrogen delivered to riparian swamps, suggesting the assimilative capacity of these zones may be underestimated.
Relationships of serum placental growth factor and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 with fetal and uterine artery Doppler indices in pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Li Jingyu , Cai Ailu , Yuan Qian , Ding Hao , Zhao Dan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo compare serum placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) concentrations among women with pre‐eclampsia and healthy control women and to evaluate the associations of serum PlGF and sFlt‐1 with fetal and uterine artery Doppler indices in pre‐eclampsia.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study of 33 women with pre‐eclampsia and 33 normotensive pregnant women attending a university hospital in China between January and November 2014. Serum PlGF and sFlt‐1 were assayed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Doppler indices of the uterine artery, umbilical artery, fetal middle cerebral artery, and ductus venosus were measured.ResultsThe pulsatility index of the uterine artery was negatively correlated with PlGF (r, −0.487; P=0.004) and positively correlated with sFlt‐1 (r, 0.420; P=0.015). Gestational age at birth was positively correlated with PlGF (r, 0.601, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with sFlt‐1 (r, −0.568; P=0.001). Birth weight was positively correlated with PlGF (r, 0.555; P=0.001) and negatively correlated with sFlt‐1 (r, −0.552; P=0.001). Apgar score was negatively correlated with sFlt‐1 (r, −0.427; P=0.017).ConclusionLower PlGF and higher sFlt‐1 levels in maternal serum were significantly associated with increased uterine arterial impedance in pre‐eclampsia.
The effects of hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy on ovarian reserve
Authors: Yuan Zhen , Cao Dongyan , Bi Xiaoning , Yu Mei , Yang Jiaxin , Shen Keng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether ovarian reserve is compromised after hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was conducted among 84 women who underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy at a tertiary medical center in Beijing, China, between August 2, 2015, and January 15, 2017. Serum levels of anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured to assess ovarian function before undergoing the procedure (baseline) and at weeks 1 and 6 after surgery (postoperative period).ResultsThe median age was 41.61 ± 0.62 years. Age negatively correlated with the serum AMH level at baseline (P<0.001), as well as with preoperative‐to‐postoperative changes in the concentration of this hormone (P<0.001). Serum AMH levels were lower in the postoperative period versus the preoperative period (P<0.001). By contrast, serum FSH levels were higher in the postoperative period than in the preoperative period (P<0.001). Moreover, no correlation was found with body mass index.ConclusionsHysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy compromised ovarian reserve, with the damage being most severe among younger patients.
Warming the Chill: Insights for Institutions and Researchers to Keep Women in STEM
Authors: Šaras Emily Daina , Perez‐Felkner Lara , Nix Samantha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis chapter leverages STEM‐focused Integrated Postsecondary Data System (IPEDS) data to investigate the consequences of chilly institutional climates across institutional types, with particular attention to implications for institutions and researchers. Further, we synthesize the literature, findings, and recommendations across the volume and offer actionable suggestions for institutional researchers, policy makers, administrators, and faculty.
Centering Disciplinary Literacies on Student Consciousness: A Tanzanian Case Study
Authors: Wilder Phillip , Msseemmaa Daudi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn 2008, Moje pondered responsive literacy teaching to what end, before arguing that disciplinary literacy should provide the answer in secondary school classrooms. Since then, research into literacy within school disciplines has foregrounded the reading, writing, and reasoning of experts within disciplines while backgrounding (or ignoring) worthy problems and student dignity. Using the case study of Neema, a 16‐year‐old Tanzanian student, the authors seek to humanize and pragmatize the answer to Moje’s question, suggesting that disciplinary literacies and responsive pedagogy should be the means to a vital end: the elevated consciousness of students. Only when teaching supports how students develop greater consciousness of their presence in the world and of their inherent worth can teaching be considered responsive.
Implementation and outcomes of an advanced antimicrobial stewardship program at a quaternary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: El‐Lababidi Rania Mohammad , Mooty Mohammad , Bonilla Maria Fernanda , Nusair Ahmad , Alatoom Adnan , Mohamed Shafii 
Published: February 2019

PurposeThe implementation of an advanced antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) at a quaternary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates is described, including a report on the implementation and outcomes of the program.MethodsThis was a single‐center quasi‐experimental study to assess the impact of the ASP on antimicrobial use measures, ASP interventions performed, and clinical outcomes by comparing the data collected at baseline, from the third quarter (Q3) 1 July 2015 to the fourth quarter (Q4) of 31 December 2017, approximately 2 years following program implementation.ResultsFrom 1 July 2015 until 31 December 2017, the program reported a total direct cost savings estimated at $1 339 499, despite a significant increase in patient discharges and total patient‐days. The antimicrobial cost per inpatient‐day decreased by 32% from $47.2 to $32.3. Usage of monitored antimicrobials decreased despite an increase in patient census since hospital opening. Hospital‐onset Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) rates decreased from 0.46 cases per 1000 patient days in 2015 to 0.12 cases per 1000 patient days in 2017 (P = 0.035, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.91). Hospital‐onset infections due to multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) decreased from 2.39 cases per 1000 patient days in 2015 to 0.38 cases per 1000 patient days in 2017 (P = 0.05, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.28). Overall, the number of ASP interventions amounted to a total of 4123 interventions, with an acceptance rate of 91%.ConclusionThe implementation of an advanced ASP at a quaternary care hospital in the United Arab Emirates was associated with a decrease in antimicrobial utilization, antimicrobial expenditure, and a reduction in hospital‐onset CDI and MDRO rates. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the outcomes of an advanced ASP program at a quaternary care hospital utilizing real‐time surveillance software and CDSS in the Middle East.
Semiquantitative, fully automated urine test strip analysis
Authors: Oyaert Matthijs , Delanghe Joris R. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesUrinalysis is one of the most frequently ordered diagnostic laboratory tests. In order to reduce workload and costs, rapid screening tests such as urine test strip analyses are applied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of the UC‐3500 as well as the diagnostic performance in comparison with reference methods.Design and methodsWe measured within‐run and between‐run imprecision based on quantitative reflectance values. 347 prospectively included urine specimens were investigated for the presence of glucose, protein, albumin, leukocyte esterase, and hemoglobin peroxidase activity, and ordinal scale results were compared to an automated urine particle analyzer (UF‐5000, Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) and wet chemistry (Roche Cobas 8000, Mannheim, Germany).ResultsWithin‐run and between‐run imprecision results based on reflectance data for both the 9 and 11 parameter test strips ranged from 0.07% to 1.36% for the low‐level control and from 0.37% to 6.13% for the high‐level control, depending on the parameter. Regarding diagnostic performance, the sensitivity/specificity for glucose, protein, albumin, leukocyte esterase, and hemoglobin peroxidase was 100/60%, 94.2/88.2%, 81.8/89.2%, 81.7/92.8%, and 85.1/88.6%, respectively; the negative predictive value was 100%, 83.3%, 89.1%, 94.6%, and 96.1%. The Spearman correlation coefficients of the UC‐3500 vs reference methods ranged from 0.915 to 0.967, depending on the parameter.ConclusionThis fully automated urine test strip analyzer overall shows a satisfying performance and can reliably screen out negative urine samples in order to focus on further characterization of positive samples in the following steps of the workflow.
Ruptured inferior vena cava aneurysm in the setting of mural vascular malformation: A case report
Authors: Momeni Mohammad , Momeni Fatemeh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAneurysm of the inferior vena cava is a rare anomaly with a very few reported cases worldwide. We report the case of a 26‐years‐old man with acute severe abdominal pain and hypovolemic shock following an episode of syncope. Ultrasonography showed a fusiform aneurysmal dilation of the infra‐hepatic inferior vena cava (IVC), with a large saccular portion at its posterolateral wall and mural thrombosis. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed extension to the right renal vein and adhesion to the right kidney. The saccular aneurysm and the right kidney were resected, and anatomopathological examination revealed a cavernous hemangioma. All symptoms disappeared after surgery. This is the first reported case of symptomatic congenital saccular aneurysm of the IVC due to mural vascular malformation and with involvement of the right kidney leading to nephrectomy.
Enhancing engineering students' ethical reasoning: Situating reflexive principlism within the SIRA framework
Authors: Hess Justin L. , Beever Jonathan , Zoltowski Carla B. , Kisselburgh Lorraine , Brightman Andrew O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundEducating engineers to reason through the ethical decisions they encounter when developing or implementing new technologies is a critical challenge. However, engineering educators have not widely adopted a framework for preparing engineering students to analyze ethical issues.Purpose/HypothesisWe developed and tested an approach for enhancing the ethical reasoning of engineering students. This approach integrates reflexive principlism, an ethical reasoning approach, within a structured learning framework, scaffolded, interactive, and reflective analysis, or SIRA. We hypothesized that students' ethical reasoning abilities and empathic perspective‐taking tendencies would increase.Design/MethodWe implemented and tested the integrated approach over five semesters with graduate‐level engineering students through a quasi‐experimental, controlled research design. We measured changes in ethical reasoning using the Engineering Ethical Reasoning Instrument (EERI) and the Defining Issues Test 2 (DIT2) and empathic tendencies using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). We examined relationships among measures through correlation analysis.ResultsThe EERI instrumentation indicated that the approach significantly increased the ethical reasoning abilities of graduate‐level engineering students. However, the DIT2 findings did not indicate change. The IRI indicated perspective‐taking tendencies were enhanced and personal distress tendencies were reduced. Postcourse correlational data indicated moderate relationships between perspective‐taking and ethical reasoning as measured by the IRI and the EERI indexes.ConclusionsThis study provides a theoretical approach for developing ethical reasoning and empathic perspective‐taking among graduate‐level engineering students. It also provides a theoretical framework, a pedagogical approach, and evaluation methods that others may utilize.
Central distribution of oxytocin and vasopressin 1a receptors in juvenile Richardson’s ground squirrels
Authors: Freeman Angela R. , Hare James F. , Caldwell Heather K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOxytocin and vasopressin are well‐conserved peptides important to the regulation of numerous aspects of social behavior, including sociality. Research exploring the distribution of the receptors for oxytocin (Oxtr) and for vasopressin (Avpr1a) in mammals has revealed associations between receptor distribution, sociality, and species’ mating systems. Given that sociality and gregariousness can be tightly linked to reproduction, these nonapeptides unsurprisingly support affiliative behaviors that are important for mating and offspring care. We localized these receptors in juvenile Richardson’s ground squirrel brains to determine whether distribution patterns of Oxtr and Avpr1a that are associated with promiscuous mating systems differ in rodents that also exhibit non‐reproductive affiliation. These squirrels are social, colonial, and engage in nepotistic alarm calling behavior and affiliation outside of a reproductive context. Juveniles are the most affiliative age‐class and are non‐reproductive; making them ideal for examining these associations. We found that juveniles had dense Oxtr binding in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, amygdala, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial geniculate nucleus. Juveniles had low to modest levels of Avpr1a binding in the medial preoptic area, olfactory bulbs, nucleus accumbens, superior colliculus, and inferior colliculus. We noted Oxtr and Avpr1a binding in the social behavior neural network (SBNN), further supporting a role of these nonapeptides in modulating social behavior across taxa. Oxtr and Avpr1a binding was also present in brain regions important to auditory processing that have known projections to the SBNN. We speculate that these neural substrates may be where these nonapeptides regulate communication.
High‐fat diet aggravates the liver disease caused by periodontitis in rats
Authors: Andrade Raissa Silva Bacelar de , França Luiz Felipe de Carvalho , Pessoa Larissa dos Santos , Landim Bruno de Almeida Arrais , Rodrigues Ayane Araújo , Alves Even Herlany Pereira , Lenardo David Di , Nascimento Hélio Mateus Silva , Sousa Francisca Beatriz de Melo , Barbosa André Luiz dos Reis , Medeiros Jand‐Venes Rolim , Vasconcelos Any Carolina Cardoso Guimarães , Vasconcelos Daniel Fernando Pereira 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes periodontium and hepatic alterations. Liver disease is related to the intake of foods rich in fat and sugars (high‐fat). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a high‐fat diet can aggravate the liver disease caused by ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats.MethodsTwenty‐one female rats were divided into three groups (n = 7 in each group): control; periodontitis (periodontitis induced with ligature) and high‐fat + periodontitis (received hypercaloric diet and induction of periodontitis). The rats were submitted to the analyses of the following periodontal parameters: gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), tooth mobility (TM), and alveolar bone height. In the hepatic tissue, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), total cholesterol, and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were measured. Liver samples were also histopathologically evaluated. Finally, blood levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, total cholesterol, cholesterol high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and uric acid were measured.ResultsThe high‐fat + periodontitis group presented an increase in the steatosis score (P < 0.05) for the histopathologic evaluation, when compared with the periodontitis group. MDA, uric acid and ALT levels also increased, whereas GSH and HDL levels showed lower values.ConclusionA high‐fat diet aggravates the liver disease caused by ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats.
Developing nitrogen management strategies under drip fertigation for wheat and maize production in the North China Plain based on a 3‐year field experiment
Authors: Li Haoru , Hao Weiping , Liu Qi , Mao Lili , Nangia Vinay , Guo Rui , Mei Xurong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe intensive winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–summer maize (Zea mays L.) cropping systems in the North China Plain (NCP) rely on the heavy use of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers. As the fertigated area of wheat and maize in the NCP has grown rapidly during recent years, developing N management strategies is required for sustainable wheat and maize production. Field experiments were conducted in Hebei Province during three consecutive growth seasons in 2012–2015 to assess the influence of different N fertigation rates on N uptake, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency [NUE: recovery efficiency (REN) and agronomic efficiency (AEN)]. Five levels of N application, 0 (FN0), 40 (FN40%), 70 (FN70%), 100 (FN100%), and 130% (FN130%) of the farmer practice rate (FP: 250 kg N ha−1 and 205.5 kg N ha−1 for wheat and maize, respectively), corresponding to 0, 182.2, 318.9, 455.5, and 592.2 kg N ha−1 y−1, respectively, were tested. Nitrogen in the form of urea was dissolved in irrigation water and split into six and four applications for wheat and maize, respectively. In addition, the treatment “drip irrigation + 100% N conventional broadcasting” (DN100%) was also conducted. All treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed the significant influence of both N fertigation rate and N application method on grain yield and NUE. Compared to DN100%, FN100% significantly increased the 3‐year averaged N recovery efficiency (REN) by 0.09 kg kg−1 and 0.04 kg kg−1, and the 3‐year averaged N agronomic efficiency (AEN) by 2.43 kg kg−1 and 1.62 kg kg−1 for wheat and maize, respectively. Among N fertigation rates, there was no significant increase in grain yield in response to N applied at a greater rate than 70% of FP due to excess N accumulation in vegetative tissues. Compared to FN70%, FN100%, and FN130%, FN40% increased the REN by 0.17–0.57 kg kg−1 and 0.03–0.34 kg kg−1and the AEN by 4.60–27.56 kg kg−1 and 2.40–10.62 kg kg−1 for wheat and maize, respectively. Based on a linear‐response relationship between the N fertigation rate and grain yield over three rotational periods it can be concluded that recommended N rates under drip fertigation with optimum split applications can be reduced to 46% (114.6 kg N ha−1) and 58% (116.6 kg N ha−1) of FP for wheat and maize, respectively, without negatively affecting grain yield, thereby increasing NUE.
Brassica meal‐derived allyl‐isothiocyanate postharvest application: influence on strawberry nutraceutical and biochemical parameters
Authors: Ugolini Luisa , Pagnotta Eleonora , Matteo Roberto , Malaguti Lorena , Di Francesco Alessandra , Lazzeri Luca 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe antimicrobial activity of allyl‐isothiocyanate (AITC) on plant pathogens is well known and has already been demonstrated in the strawberry with respect to Botritis cinerea fungal infection using postharvest biofumigation. In the present study, vapours of 0.08 mg L−1 of Brassica meal‐derived AITC were applied to strawberry to assess its effect on fruit nutraceutical and biochemical parameters after 2 days of storage at 20 °C and 90% relative humidity.RESULTSAllyl‐isothiocyanate showed no detrimental effect on final strawberry quality, anti‐oxidant properties or ascorbic acid content. By contrast, an increased amount of asparagine and a higher ascorbate and glutathione redox potential were registered in the fruit soon after treatment. A reversible glutathione depletion action of AITC was also observed. Finally, total AITC residues in treated strawberry were quantified and a relatively high amount of AITC‐adducts was found in fruit tissues.CONCLUSIONThe findings of the present study not only confirm the high potentiality of biofumigation with respect to extending the shelf‐life of fruit, but also provide some insight regarding the mechanisms of action of AITC at the cellular level as a possible elicitor of fruit protective responses. Nevertheless, the nature of the AITC‐adducts formed in fruit tissues needs further attention to enable a health and safety assessment of the final fruit. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry