bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thriving vs surviving: benefits of formal mentoring program on faculty well-being
Authors: Stuckey Shanna Marie , Collins Brian Todd , Patrick Shawn , Grove Kathleen S. , Ward Etta 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe current challenges faced by women and underrepresented minority faculty members, the benefits of mentoring programs, conceptual frameworks that highlight a wellness model and mentoring relationships and the findings from a mixed methods evaluation of a formal mentoring program (EMPOWER) that highlights the indirect benefits of such a program and the impact on faculty well-being.Design/methodology/approachThis study was based on grounded theory, in which analysis was ongoing as data were collected and a variety of methods were used to building understanding. Measures included a survey and semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The thematic analysis of qualitative data was conducted utilizing the constant comparative method. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative data.FindingsFindings focus on the indirect benefits of EMPOWER including creation of a safe space, continued relationships between mentees and mentors, networking benefits, acculturation to the campus and a better understanding of organizational politics and how these can positively impact faculty well-being.Originality/valueThe benefits of this formal mentoring program, and the impact on faculty well-being, are important to acknowledge, understand and share with the broader research community and other institutions of higher education.
Mindfulness, mindful consumption, and life satisfaction
Authors: Gupta Sharad , Verma Harsh V. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of mindfulness meditation sessions on students of higher education in terms of their mindfulness, mindful consumption behavior and life satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants of research were higher education students. The research included two studies. The first (screener) study endorsed that mindfulness was higher in students with higher mindfulness meditation frequency. The second study used difference-in-differences experimental design using a treatment and a control group. These groups participated in pre and post-treatment surveys. The treatment was given as guided short mindfulness meditation sessions as suggested by mindfulness guru – Dr Jon Kabat-Zinn. The treatment group received these sessions at the end of regular subject classes for two months.

Findings
The experiment revealed that mindfulness, mindful consumption and life satisfaction change significantly in the treatment group after treatment as compared to the control group.

Research limitations/implications
Limitations of the study included sample size and attrition. In total, 149 students participated in the screener study. In total, 94 students were given pre-treatment survey as per research design and 80 participated in post-treatment survey.

Practical implications
This experiment demonstrated that important traits and behavior like life satisfaction and mindful consumption behavior of higher education students can be improved significantly. The effectiveness of guided short mindfulness sessions, conducted in the classroom environment, was also confirmed.

Social implications
The inclusion of mindfulness in the regular curriculum by policy makers would benefit students, faculty members and overall quality of learning environment.

Originality/value
Though previous researches have separately investigated relationships of mindfulness with life satisfaction, there is a lack of research to show association of mindfulness, mindful consumption and life satisfaction.
The concept of neutrality: a new approach
Authors: Macdonald Stephen , Birdi Briony 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Neutrality is a much debated value in library and information science (LIS). The “neutrality debate” is characterised by opinionated discussions in contrasting contexts. The purpose of this paper is to fill a gap in the literature by bringing these conceptions together holistically, with potential to deepen understanding of LIS neutrality.

Design/methodology/approach
First, a literature review identified conceptions of neutrality reported in the LIS literature. Second, seven phenomenographic interviews with LIS professionals were conducted across three professional sectors. To maximise variation, each sector comprised at least one interview with a professional of five or fewer years’ experience and one with ten or more years’ experience. Third, conceptions from the literature and interviews were compared for similarities and disparities.

Findings
In four conceptions, each were found in the literature and interviews. In the literature, these were labelled: “favourable”, “tacit value”, “social institutions” and “value-laden profession”, whilst in interviews they were labelled: “core value”, “subservient”, “ambivalent”, and “hidden values”. The study’s main finding notes the “ambivalent” conception in interviews is not captured by a largely polarised literature, which oversimplifies neutrality’s complexity. To accommodate this complexity, it is suggested that future research should look to reconcile perceptions from either side of the “neutral non-neutral divide” through an inclusive normative framework.

Originality/value
This study’s value lies in its descriptive methodology, which brings LIS neutrality together in a holistic framework. This framework brings a contextual awareness to LIS neutrality lacking in previous research. This awareness has the potential to change the tone of the LIS neutrality debate.
Continuous versus intermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring in complex benign thyroid surgery: A retrospective analysis and prospective follow‐up
Authors: Sedlmaier Anke , Steinmüller Thomas , Hermanns Mechthild , Nawka Tadeus , Weikert Sebastian , Sedlmaier Benedikt , Caffier Philipp P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo compare continuous (C‐IONM) vs intermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring (I‐IONM) in complex benign thyroid surgery, and to follow up patients with loss of signal (LOS) or unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP).DesignRetrospective clinical study, prospective case series.SettingUniversity hospital and academic teaching hospital of Charité—University Medicine Berlin, Germany.ParticipantsC‐IONM‐ and I‐IONM‐assisted thyroid surgery was conducted in 357 patients diagnosed with recurrent goitre, Graves’ disease, complex hyperparathyroidism, cervical preoperation (anterior access) and LOS in primary operation (2‐stage thyroidectomy).Main outcome measuresTo evaluate the incidence of early postoperative and permanent UVFP, and to report the results of phonosurgical therapy in patients suffering from persisting dysphonia.ResultsIn 346 patients enrolled (81.8% female, 18.2% male) with 613 nerves at risk (NAR) being monitored (409 I‐IONM vs 204 C‐IONM), early postoperative UVFP was observed in 10.5% of I‐IONM vs 4.9% of C‐IONM group (P < .05), permanent paralysis in 1.5% of I‐IONM vs 1.0% of C‐IONM group (P = .619). In total, 72 patients (21%) experienced pathological events (19 LOS < 100 μV, 53 transient or permanent UVFP). Three patients with permanent UVFP and persisting dysphonia received phonosurgery with stable improvements of all acoustic‐aerodynamic parameters.ConclusionCompared to I‐IONM, C‐IONM‐application in complex benign thyroid surgery shows a significant reduction of transient UVFP and a non‐significant trend in preventing permanent UVFP. In persistent UVFP with dysphonia, endolaryngeal phonomicrosurgery and transcervical laryngeal framework surgery are long‐term effective treatment approaches to improve vocal function.
Identification of key genes and pathways associated with different immune statuses of hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Jin Jinglan , Xu Hongqin , Wu Ruihong , Gao Na , Wu Na , Li Shibo , Niu Junqi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe aimed to identify key genes and pathways associated with different immune statuses of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The gene expression and DNA methylation profiles were analysed in different immune statuses of HBV infection. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified, followed by their functional and integrative analyses. The differential expression of IgG Fc receptors (FcγRs) in chronic HBV‐infected patients and immune cells during different stages of HBV infection was investigated. Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway (including TLR6) and leucocyte transendothelial migration pathway (including integrin subunit beta 1) were enriched during acute infection. Key DEGs, such as FcγR Ib and FcγR Ia, and interferon‐alpha inducible protein 27 showed correlation with alanine aminotransferase levels, and they were differentially expressed between acute and immune‐tolerant phases and between immune‐tolerant and immune‐clearance phases. The integrative analysis of DNA methylation profile showed that lowly methylated and highly expressed genes, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte‐associated protein 4 and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 3 were enriched in T cell receptor signalling pathway during acute infection. Highly methylated and lowly expressed genes, such as Ras association domain family member 1 and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A were identified in chronic infection. Furthermore, differentially expressed FcγR Ia, FcγR IIa and FcγR IIb, CD3−CD56+CD16+ natural killer cells and CD14highCD16+ monocytes were identified between immune‐tolerant and immune‐clearance phases by experimental validation. The above genes and pathways may be used to distinguish different immune statuses of HBV infection.
Attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy by relying on kirenol to suppress inflammation in a diabetic rat model
Authors: Wu Bin , Huang Xue‐Yuan , Li Le , Fan Xiao‐Hang , Li Peng‐Cheng , Huang Chuan‐Qi , Xiao Juan , Gui Rong , Wang Shun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by diabetes‐induced myocardial abnormalities, accompanied by inflammatory response and alterations in inflammation‐related signalling pathways. Kirenol, isolated from Herba Siegesbeckiae, has potent anti‐inflammatory properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effect of kirenol against DCM and underlying the potential mechanisms in a type 2 diabetes mellitus model. Kirenol treatment significantly decreased high glucose‐induced cardiofibroblasts proliferation and increased the cardiomyocytes viability, prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and further attenuated cardiomyocytes apoptosis, accompanied by a reduction in apoptosis‐related protein expression. Kirenol gavage could affect the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in a dose‐dependent manner but not lower lipid profiles, and only decrease fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and mean HbA1c levels in high‐dose kirenol‐treated group at some time‐points. Left ventricular dysfunction, hypertrophy, fibrosis and cell apoptosis, as structural and functional abnormalities, were ameliorated by kirenol administration. Moreover, in diabetic hearts, oral kirenol significantly attenuated activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase subfamily and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and Smad2/3 and decreased phosphorylation of IκBα and both fibrosis‐related and apoptosis‐related proteins. In an Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, the binding activities of NF‐κB, Smad3/4, SP1 and AP‐1 in the nucleus of diabetic myocardium were significantly down‐regulated by kirenol treatment. Additionally, high dose significantly enhanced myocardial Akt phosphorylation without intraperitoneal injection of insulin. Kirenol may have potent cardioprotective effects on treating for the established diabetic cardiomyopathy, which involves the inhibition of inflammation and fibrosis‐related signalling pathways and is independent of lowering hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia and lipid profiles.
The nuclear transporter SAD2 plays a role in calcium‐ and H2O2‐mediated cell death in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zheng Yuan , Zhan Qidi , Shi Tiantian , Liu Jun , Zhao Kaijun , Gao Ying 
Published: September 2019

SummaryIn response to pathogens, plant cells exhibit a rapid increase in the intracellular calcium concentration and a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The cytosolic increase in Ca2+ and the accumulation of ROS are critical for inducing programmed cell death (PCD), but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. We screened an Arabidopsis mutant, sad2‐5, which harbours a T‐DNA insertion in the 18th exon of the importin beta‐like gene, SAD2. The H2O2‐induced increase in the [Ca2+]cyt of the sad2‐5 mutant was greater than that of the wild type, and the sad2‐5 mutant showed clear cell death phenotypes and abnormal H2O2 accumulation under fumonisin‐B1 (FB1) treatment. CaCl2 could enhance the FB1‐induced cell death of the sad2‐5 mutant, whereas lanthanum chloride (LaCl3), a broad‐spectrum calcium channel blocker, could restore the FB1‐induced PCD phenotype of sad2‐5. The sad2‐5 fbr11‐1 double mutant exhibited the same FB1‐insensitive phenotype as fbr11‐1, which plays a critical role in novo sphingolipid synthesis, indicating that SAD2 works downstream of FBR11. These results suggest the important role of nuclear transporters in calcium‐ and ROS‐mediated PCD response as well as provide an important theoretical basis for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of SAD2 function in PCD and for improvement of the resistance of crops to adverse environments.
Absolute and Relative Load and Injury in Elite Junior Australian Football Players Over 1 Season
Authors: Lathlean Timothy J.H. , Gastin Paul B. , Newstead Stuart V. , Finch Caroline F. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To investigate the association between training and match loads and injury in elite junior Australian football players over 1 competitive season. Methods: Elite junior Australian football players (n = 290, age 17.7 [0.3] y, range 16–18 y) were recruited from the under-18 state league competition in Victoria to report load and injury information. One-week load (session rating of perceived exertion multiplied by duration) and all time-loss injuries were reported using an online sport-injury surveillance system. Absolute load measures (weekly sums) enabled the calculation of relative measures such as the acute:chronic workload ratio. Load measures were modeled against injury outcome (yes/no) using a generalized estimating equation approach, with a 1-wk lag for injury. Results: Low (<300 arbitrary units [au]) and high (>4650 au) 1-wk loads were associated with significantly higher risk of injury. Furthermore, low (<100 au) and high (>850 au) session loads were associated with a higher risk of injury. High strain values (>13,000) were associated with up to a 5-fold increase in the odds of injury. There was a relatively flat-line association between the acute:chronic workload ratio and injury. Conclusions: This study is the first investigation of elite junior athletes demonstrating linear and nonlinear relationships between absolute and relative load measures and injury. Coaches should focus player loads on, or at least close to, the point at which injury risk starts to increase again (2214 au for 1-wk load and 458 au for session load) and use evidence-based strategies across the week and month to help reduce the risk of injury.
Improved 1000-m Running Performance and Pacing Strategy With Caffeine and Placebo: A Balanced Placebo Design Study
Authors: Hurst Philip , Schipof-Godart Lieke , Hettinga Florentina , Roelands Bart , Beedie Chris 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To investigate the placebo effect of caffeine on pacing strategy and performance over 1000-m running time trials using a balanced placebo design. Methods: Eleven well-trained male middle-distance athletes performed seven 1000-m time trials (1 familiarization, 2 baseline, and 4 experimental). Experimental trials consisted of the administration of 4 randomized treatments: informed caffeine/received caffeine, informed caffeine/received placebo, informed placebo/received caffeine, and informed placebo/received placebo. Split times were recorded at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 m, and peak heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were recorded at the completion of the trial. Results: Relative to baseline, participants ran faster during informed caffeine/received caffeine (d = 0.42) and informed caffeine/received placebo (d = 0.43). These changes were associated with an increased pace during the first half of the trial. No differences were shown in pacing or performance between baseline and the informed placebo/received caffeine (d = 0.21) and informed placebo/received placebo (d = 0.10). No differences were reported between treatments for peak heart rate (η2 = .084) and rating of perceived exertion (η2 = .009). Conclusions: The results indicate that the effect of believing to have ingested caffeine improved performance to the same magnitude as actually receiving caffeine. These improvements were associated with an increase in pace during the first half of the time trial.
What Dose of Caffeine to Use: Acute Effects of 3 Doses of Caffeine on Muscle Endurance and Strength
Authors: Grgic Jozo , Sabol Filip , Venier Sandro , Mikulic Ivan , Bratkovic Nenad , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Pickering Craig , Bishop David J. , Pedisic Zeljko , Mikulic Pavle 
Published: September 2019

Purpose:To explore the effects of 3 doses of caffeine on muscle strength and muscle endurance.Methods:Twenty-eight resistance-trained men completed the testing sessions under 5 conditions: no-placebo control, placebo control, and with caffeine doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg·kg−1. Muscle strength was assessed using the 1-repetition-maximum test; muscle endurance was assessed by having the participants perform a maximal number of repetitions with 60% 1-repetition maximum.Results:In comparison with both control conditions, only a caffeine dose of 2 mg·kg−1enhanced lower-body strength (d = 0.13–0.15). In comparison with the no-placebo control condition, caffeine doses of 4 and 6 mg·kg−1enhanced upper-body strength (d = 0.07–0.09) with a significant linear trend for the effectiveness of different doses of caffeine (P = .020). Compared with both control conditions, all 3 caffeine doses enhanced lower-body muscle endurance (d = 0.46–0.68). For upper-body muscle endurance, this study did not find significant effects of caffeine.Conclusions:This study revealed a linear trend between the dose of caffeine and its effects on upper-body strength. The study found no clear association between the dose of caffeine and the magnitude of its ergogenic effects on lower-body strength and muscle endurance. From a practical standpoint, the magnitude of caffeine’s effects on strength is of questionable relevance. A low dose of caffeine (2 mg·kg−1)—for an 80-kg individual, the dose of caffeine in 1–2 cups of coffee—may produce substantial improvements in lower-body muscle endurance with the magnitude of the effect being similar to that attained using higher doses of caffeine.
The Household Water InSecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale: development and validation of a household water insecurity measure for low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Young Sera L , Boateng Godfred O , Jamaluddine Zeina , Miller Joshua D , Frongillo Edward A , Neilands Torsten B , Collins Shalean M , Wutich Amber , Jepson Wendy E , Stoler Justin 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveProgress towards equitable and sufficient water has primarily been measured by population-level data on water availability. However, higher-resolution measures of water accessibility, adequacy, reliability and safety (ie, water insecurity) are needed to understand how problems with water impact health and well-being. Therefore, we developed the Household Water InSecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale to measure household water insecurity in an equivalent way across disparate cultural and ecological settings.MethodsCross-sectional surveys were implemented in 8127 households across 28 sites in 23 low-income and middle-income countries. Data collected included 34 items on water insecurity in the prior month; socio-demographics; water acquisition, use and storage; household food insecurity and perceived stress. We retained water insecurity items that were salient and applicable across all sites. We used classical test and item response theories to assess dimensionality, reliability and equivalence. Construct validity was assessed for both individual and pooled sites using random coefficient models.FindingsTwelve items about experiences of household water insecurity were retained. Items showed unidimensionality in factor analyses and were reliable (Cronbach’s alpha 0.84 to 0.93). The average non-invariance rate was 0.03% (threshold <25%), indicating equivalence of measurement and meaning across sites. Predictive, convergent and discriminant validity were also established.ConclusionsThe HWISE Scale measures universal experiences of household water insecurity across low-income and middle-income countries. Its development ushers in the ability to quantify the prevalence, causes and consequences of household water insecurity, and can contribute an evidence base for clinical, public health and policy recommendations regarding water.
Medical equipment donation in low-resource settings: a review of the literature and guidelines for surgery and anaesthesia in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Marks Isobel H , Thomas Hannah , Bakhet Marize , Fitzgerald Edward 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundMedical equipment donation to low-resource settings is a frequently used strategy to address existing disparities, but there is a paucity of reported experience and evaluation. Challenges such as infrastructure gaps, lack of technological and maintenance capabilities, and non-prioritisation of essential supplies have previously been highlighted. This pragmatic review summarises existing guidelines and literature relevant to surgical and anaesthesia equipment, with recommendations for future initiatives and research.MethodsRetrospective literature review including both academic and grey literature from 1980 to 2018. We conducted a narrative synthesis to identify key factors that were condensed thematically.ResultsThirty-three biomedical equipment donation guidelines were identified from governments, WHO, World Bank, academic colleges and non-governmental organisations, and 36 relevant studies in peer-reviewed literature. These highlighted the need to consider all stages of the donation process, including planning, sourcing, transporting, training, maintaining and evaluating equipment donation. Donors were advised to consult national guidelines to ensure equipment was appropriate, desirable and non-costly to both parties. User training and access to biomechanical engineers were suggested as necessary for long-term sustainability. Finally, equitable partnerships between donors and recipients were integral to reducing inappropriate donations and to improve follow-up and evaluation.ConclusionThere is a paucity of evidence on the causes of success or failure in medical equipment donation, despite its domination of equipment sourcing across many low-resource settings. Equitable partnerships, consultation of policies and guidelines, and careful planning may improve equipment usability and life span. A concerted effort is required to increase awareness of guidelines among health professionals worldwide.