bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excessive computer use as an oral health risk behaviour in 18‐year‐old youths from Poland: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Olczak‐Kowalczyk Dorota , Tomczyk Jacek , Gozdowski Dariusz , Kaczmarek Urszula 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have indicated that the excessive use of computers (more than 3 hr/d) might be associated with an unhealthy life‐style.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between excessive computer use with the condition of the teeth and periodontium and the oral health behaviour of 18‐year‐olds.DesignCross‐sectional studies, using a questionnaire, were carried out on 1,611 18‐year‐olds from Poland. The questionnaire contained questions about socioeconomic status and information about health‐related behaviour. The condition of their teeth and gingivae were clinically assessed.ResultsExcessive (>3 h/d) computer use was reported by 492 (31%) of participants, who had an increased frequency of unfilled cavities (1.97 vs. 2.27, p = .047) and a higher risk of oral hygiene neglect (e.g., using dental floss 41% vs. 34%, p = .009). Excessive computer use was also seen to be associated with poor dietary habits. Individuals who declared excessive computer use also had a higher risk of gingival bleeding (35% vs. 29%, p = .009).ConclusionIn the group studied, excessive computer use by adolescents constituted a risk factor for neglect of oral hygiene, poor dietary choices, and failure to benefit from oral health care. Therefore, these aspects should be included in the risk assessment of oral disease and incorporated into educational programs that promote a healthy lifestyle.
VoLTE cell capacity estimation using AMR‐WB codecs and considering VAF, SID, packet bundling, and TTI bundling
Authors: Senapati Rajiv , Pati Hemanta Kumar 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe Voice over Long‐Term Evolution (VoLTE) cell capacity notably has an influence on Call Admission Control (CAC) in Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) network. In literature, many techniques have been studied to estimate the LTE cell capacity, but most of them are throughput‐based physical layer (PHY layer) estimate. These estimates do not consider delay requirement, transmission loss, and protocol overhead. In this paper, we have proposed novel analytical models for estimating the VoLTE cell capacity in terms of number of users by considering available physical resource blocks (PRBs) in each bandwidth, voice traffic‐based characteristics such as voice activity factor (VAF), silent insertion descriptor (SID), and radio‐specific techniques such as packet bundling and transmission time interval (TTI) bundling. Our developed analytical models are then used to investigate the effect of modulation and coding scheme (MCS) and Adaptive Multi‐RateWideband (AMR‐WB) voice codec on VoLTE cell capacity. Results show that higher order modulation scheme with lower bit voice codec accommodates maximum number of VoLTE users. Further, the impact of VAF, SID, packet bundling, and TTI bundling on VoLTE cell capacity is investigated in different radio conditions. Finally, using our proposed model, the effect of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) retransmission on VoLTE cell capacity is investigated.
Quadrature space shift keying performance with dual‐hop AF relay over mixed fading
Authors: Sahu Hemanta Kumar , Sahu P. R. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryQuadrature space shift keying (QSSK) modulation combined with cooperative relaying improves the reliability in communication and enhances the overall spectral efficiency. Here, QSSK scheme is analyzed for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) wireless communication system with dual‐hop amplify‐and‐forward (AF) relaying systems over asymmetric mixed Rayleigh/Rician and symmetric Nakagami‐m/Nakagami‐m fading channels. Analytical expressions for cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio are derived and used to evaluate the average bit error probability (ABEP) of QSSK modulation in mixed asymmetric and symmetric fading channels. The obtained ABEP expression is in the form of Whittaker function, which can be numerically evaluated using its numerical or series representation. Numerical and simulation results are presented to illustrate the impact of fading parameters on the system performance.
Environmental DNA improves Eastern Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) detection over conventional sampling methods
Authors: Wineland Sean M. , Arrick Rachel F. , Welch Shane M. , Pauley Thomas K. , Mosher Jennifer J. , Apodaca Joseph J. , Olszack Max , Holmes Jeffrey N. , Waldron Jayme L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEffective conservation planning relies on accurate species detection. However, conventional sampling methods used for detecting rare and cryptic aquatic species suffer from low probabilities of detection. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as an innovative and powerful sampling tool for detecting aquatic species, with previous studies suggesting a detection advantage over conventional sampling. However, comparative studies often fail to consider the appropriate sampling frameworks to adequately compare sampling methodologies and account for the influence of environmental variables on eDNA detection probabilities. In this study, we paired two detection methods (eDNA and physical sampling) at 22 sites in West Virginia, USA, to compare the probability of detecting a cryptic, elusive, and imperiled species of giant salamander, the Eastern Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis). We used a multimethod occupancy modeling framework to compare method‐specific detection probabilities using a suite of predictor variables based on environmental conditions thought to influence hellbender detection. We detected hellbenders at 19/22 sites using eDNA and at 13/22 sites using physical sampling methods. The best supported model indicated that detection probability for eDNA (0.84 ± 0.06) was three times higher than conventional methods (0.28 ± 0.07). Water turbidity was the best predictor of hellbender detection and negatively impacted our ability to detect eDNA. We failed to detect an association between eDNA concentration and hellbender catch per unit effort. Our study supports previous findings that suggest eDNA sampling methods greatly increase the probability of detecting aquatic species. However, with little known about the influence of environmental variables on eDNA detection, our results highlight the negative influence turbidity and other physiochemical factors have on eDNA detection and suggest that further research on eDNA detection in turbid environments is needed.
Measurement of heat flow through cast slabs of calcium sulfate dihydrate
Authors: Engbrecht Dick C. , Hirschfeld Deidre A. 
Published: May 2019

SummarySlabs of cast calcium sulfate dihydrate have been used for decades as a heat transfer barrier in commercial and residential construction and are assessed in accordance with the parameters defined by ASTM C1396. The study described herein hypothesizes that minor impurities have significant effects on the high‐temperature performance of these casts. Five thermocouples are cast into a 20‐mm‐thick slab at approximately 4‐mm intervals are measured between ambient and approximately 1000°C in a furnace. Thermal diffusivity and inertia are estimated from this temperature profile. This study compares natural, flue gas desulfurized (FGD) and reagent grade hemihydrates that have been converted into the dihydrate form with distilled water; the common additives kaolin and borax are used to modify the cast. The thermocouple data allow an effective thermal diffusivity (α′) and an effective thermal inertia (I′) to be calculated. The hemihydrate source and kaolin content are found to affect the high‐temperature performance; the FGD source increases the thermal inertia, and kaolin inhibits the formation of other borate compounds through intercalation.
Use of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐based films for equilibrium‐modified atmosphere packaging to extend the postharvest shelf life of garland chrysanthemum
Authors: Cheng Peifang , Yun Xueyan , Xu Chang , Yang Yang , Han Yumei , Dong Tungalag 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA uniaxial‐stretched poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(propylene carbonate; PCL/PPC) composite film was prepared using a twin‐screw extruder, and its utility as an equilibrium‐modified atmosphere packaging (EMAP) film extending the shelf life of garland chrysanthemums stored at 2~4°C was explored. The oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor penetration properties, mechanical properties, and gas permselectivity of PCL/PPC film used to package garland chrysanthemums were determined and compared to those of controlled low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and PCL films. Physicochemical properties such as package headspace gas composition, weight loss, leaf color, total chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid content, lipid peroxidation extent, and the sensory traits of garland chrysanthemums were investigated over a storage period of 14 days to compare the preservative effects of the various packages. PPC blending decreased the PCL gas and water vapor permeability and slightly increased the CO2 permselectivity. These effects on gas and water vapor permeability, combined with the effects on gas permselectivity, enhanced preservation of packed garland chrysanthemums. Furthermore, an O2 inner atmosphere level of 2%~5%, and a CO2 concentration not greater than 8%, was established by the PCL/PPC film in the absence of condensation. The results thus suggest that biodegradable film can be used as an EMAP film to better maintain the quality of freshly harvested garland chrysanthemums and to afford a longer shelf life during cold storage compared to LDPE film. Sensory evaluation indicated that the garland chrysanthemums were market‐acceptable after 14 days of storage; LDPE‐packed chrysanthemums were acceptable only up to 8 days of storage. The film thus improved storage life compared to that afforded by LDPE.
Correlations between relatives: From Mendelian theory to complete genome sequence
Authors: Thompson Elizabeth A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIt is 100 years since R. A. Fisher proposed that a Mendelian model of genetic variant effects, additive over loci, could explain the patterns of observed phenotypic correlations between relatives. His loci were hypothetical and his model theoretical. It is only about 50 years since the first genetic markers allowed the detection of even variants with major effects on phenotype, and only 20 years since the development of single‐nucleotide polymorphism technology provided dense markers over the genome. Then both mappings in defined pedigrees and population‐based genome‐wide association studies samples allowed the detection of multiple contributing variants of smaller effect. Finally, with methods based on genotypic correlations between individuals, or on allelic associations between loci, the additive heritability contributions of the genome can be estimated from large population samples. In this review we trace, from 1918 to 2018, the analysis of observed phenotypic correlations between relatives to estimate underlying genetic components of traits in human populations. As with studies from 1918 onward, we use height as the example trait where not only data are readily available, but where Fisher's model of large numbers of variants of infinitesimal effect appears to provide a good approximation to reality. However, we also trace the use of phenotypic and genotypic correlations between relatives in mapping causal variants and resolving genetic contributions to more complex human traits. With the availability of DNA sequence data, we can hope to not only estimate the total genetic contribution to a trait, but to resolve effects of individual genetic variants on biological function.
Prognostic value of radiographically defined extranodal extension in human papillomavirus‐associated locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Tian Sibo , Ferris Matthew J. , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Magliocca Kelly R. , Cassidy Richard J. , Jhaveri Jaymin , Aiken Ashley H. , Baugnon Kristen L. , Hudgins Patricia A. , Kendi Ayse T. K. , Patel Mihir R. , Saba Nabil F. , Curran Walter J. , Beitler Jonathan J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPathologic extranodal extension (ENE) has traditionally guided the management of head and neck cancers. The prognostic value of radiographic ENE (rENE) in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV + OPX) is uncertain.MethodsPatients with HPV + OPX with adequate pretreatment radiographic nodal evaluation from a single institution were analyzed. rENE status was determined by neuroradiologists' at time of diagnosis. Distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), overall survival (OS), and locoregional recurrence‐free survival (LRFS) were estimated using Kaplan‐Meier methods. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to assess the impact of rENE on survival endpoints.ResultsHundred sixty‐eight patients with OPX + squamous cell carcinomas diagnosed between April 2008 and December 2014 were included for analysis with median follow‐up of 3.3 years. Eighty‐eight percent of patients received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. rENE was not prognostic; its presence in patients with HPV + OPX did not significantly impact OS, LRFS, or DMFS.ConclusionsIn patients with HPV + OPX, rENE was not significantly associated with OS, LRFS, or DMFS.
Using Polymers to Impart Lubricity and Biopassivity to Surfaces: Are These Properties Linked?
Authors: Benetti Edmondo M. , Spencer Nicholas D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPolymer brushes have been widely applied for the reduction of both friction and non‐specific protein adsorption. In many (but not all) applications, such as contact lenses or medical devices, this combination of properties is highly desirable. Indeed, for many polymer‐brush systems, lubricity and resistance to biofouling appear to go hand in hand, with modifications of brush architecture, for example, leading to a similar degree of enhancement (or degradation) in both properties. In the case of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brushes, this has been widely demonstrated. There are, however, examples where this behavior breaks down. In systems where linear brushes are covalently crosslinked during surface‐initiated polymerization (SIP), for example, the presence and the chemical nature of links between grafted chains might or might not influence biopassivity of the films, while it always causes an increment in friction. Furthermore, when the grafted‐chain topology is shifted from linear to cyclic, chemically identical brushes show a substantial improvement in lubrication, whereas their protein resistance remains unaltered. Architectural control of polymer brush films can provide another degree of freedom in the design of lubricious and biopassive coatings, leading to new combinations of surface properties and their independent modulation.
Integrating gender perspectives in gynecology and obstetrics: Engaging medical colleges in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Rege Sangeeta , Bhate‐Deosthali Padma , Shingare Pravin , Gadappa Srinivas , Deshpande Sonali , Gaikwad Nandkishore , Vaidya Shailesh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFailure to acknowledge the impact of sex and gender differences affects the quality of health care provision, and is an impediment to reducing health inequities. Systematic efforts were initiated in Maharashtra, India for reducing these disparities by developing gender‐integrated curricula in undergraduate (UG) medical education between 2015 and 2018. A review of UG obstetrics and gynecology curricula indicated a lack of gender lens and focus on the reproductive rights of women. Based on these gaps, a gender‐integrated curriculum was developed, implemented, and tested with medical students. Significant positive attitudes were seen among male and female students for themes such as access to safe abortion; understanding reproductive health concerns and their complex relationship with gender roles; violence against women as a health issue; and sexuality and health. These results strengthened the resolve to advocate for such a curriculum to be integrated across all medical colleges in the state.
Robust MR image super‐resolution reconstruction with cross‐modal edge‐preserving regularization
Authors: Zhu Qingyong , Ren Yanan , Qiu Zhilang , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article, we propose a novel image super‐resolution (SR) reconstruction method in the field of magnetic resonance imaging, which is based on a cross‐modal edge‐preserving regularization integrating the internal gradient prior from the target‐modal image itself and the external gradient prior from the reference‐modal image obtained by pre‐scan in many medical imaging scenes. The reference‐modal image is a high‐resolution guidance image that has much shareable information such as gradient orientation on edge regions, which can be used to improve the image resolution of the target modal. In addition, to be robust against the misalignment between the target‐modal image and reference‐modal image, a multimodal registration is incorporated in the SR reconstruction process. In this work, the proposed SR method can be formulated as an alternating optimization problem, that is, the target‐modal and reference‐modal images are alternately updated through iterations. Experimental results on simulated and realistic images show the superior performance of the proposed approach over several state‐of‐the‐art SR techniques.
Mechanochemical enzymatic synthesis of 1,4‐dihydropyridine calcium antagonists and derivatives
Authors: Jiang Ling , Ye Li‐dan , Gu Jia‐li , Su Wei‐ke , Ye Wen‐ting 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEnzyme promiscuity has attracted significant attention from chemists and biochemists in recent years. However, long reaction time and use of toxic organic solvents limit its applications for industrial processes. 1,4‐Dihydropyridine (1,4‐DHP) calcium antagonists are recommended for the first line treatment of hypertension. Although some chemical protocols for the preparation of 1,4‐DHP calcium antagonists have been developed, enzymatic synthesis of these compounds still remains uncovered.RESULTSSolvent‐free quick synthesis of 1,4‐DHP calcium antagonists felodipine, nitrendipine, nifedipine and nemadipine B and their derivatives was achieved by Lipozyme® RM IM (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC3.1.1.3)‐catalyzed multicomponent reactions of aromatic aldehyde, alkyl acetoacetate and alkyl 3‐aminocrotonate under ball‐milling conditions. The products were obtained in moderate yields (up to 86.8%) and the influence of reaction conditions including catalyst loading, grinding auxiliary and grinding frequency was investigated.CONCLUSIONThe protocol successfully overcame some longstanding problems in the field of enzymatic promiscuity research, such as long reaction time and use of harmful organic solvents, and demonstrated the potential application value of promiscuous enzyme‐catalyzed reactions under ball‐milling conditions for pharmaceutical synthesis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneous phase‐contrast MRI and PET for noninvasive quantification of cerebral blood flow and reactivity in healthy subjects and patients with cerebrovascular disease
Authors: Ishii Yosuke , Thamm Thoralf , Guo Jia , Khalighi Mohammad Mehdi , Wardak Mirwais , Holley Dawn , Gandhi Harsh , Park Jun Hyung , Shen Bin , Steinberg Gary K. , Chin Frederick T. , Zaharchuk Greg , Fan Audrey Peiwen 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundH215O‐positron emission tomography (PET) is considered the reference standard for absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, this technique requires an arterial input function measured through continuous sampling of arterial blood, which is invasive and has limitations with tracer delay and dispersion.PurposeTo demonstrate a new noninvasive method to quantify absolute CBF with a PET/MRI hybrid scanner. This blood‐free approach, called PC‐PET, takes the spatial CBF distribution from a static H215O‐PET scan, and scales it to the whole‐brain average CBF value measured by simultaneous phase‐contrast MRI.Study TypeObservational.SubjectsTwelve healthy controls (HC) and 13 patients with Moyamoya disease (MM) as a model of chronic ischemic disease.Field Strength/Sequences3T/2D cardiac‐gated phase‐contrast MRI and H215O‐PET.AssessmentPC‐PET CBF values from whole brain (WB), gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) in HCs were compared with literature values since 2000. CBF and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), which is defined as the percent CBF change between baseline and post‐acetazolamide (vasodilator) scans, were measured by PC‐PET in MM patients and HCs within cortical regions corresponding to major vascular territories.Statistical Tests: Linear, mixed effects models were created to compare CBF and CVR, respectively, between patients and controls, and between different degrees of stenosis.ResultsThe mean CBF values in WB, GM, and WM in HC were 42 ± 7 ml/100 g/min, 50 ± 7 ml/100 g/min, and 23 ± 3 ml/100 g/min, respectively, which agree well with literature values. Compared with normal regions (57 ± 23%), patients showed significantly decreased CVR in areas with mild/moderate stenosis (47 ± 17%, P = 0.011) and in severe/occluded areas (40 ± 16%, P = 0.016).Data Conclusion: PC‐PET identifies differences in cerebrovascular reactivity between healthy controls and cerebrovascular patients. PC‐PET is suitable for CBF measurement when arterial blood sampling is not accessible, and warrants comparison to fully quantitative H215O‐PET in future studies.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:183–194.
Glycogen metabolism is impaired in the brain of male type 2 diabetic Goto‐Kakizaki rats
Authors: Soares Ana Francisca , Nissen Jakob D. , Garcia‐Serrano Alba M. , Nussbaum Sakura S. , Waagepetersen Helle S. , Duarte João M. N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDiabetes impacts the central nervous system predisposing to cognitive decline. While glucose is the main source of energy fueling the adult brain, brain glycogen is necessary for adequate neuronal function, synaptic plasticity and memory. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that brain glycogen metabolism is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) during [1‐13C]glucose i.v. infusion was employed to detect 13C incorporation into whole‐brain glycogen in male Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rats, a lean model of T2D, and control Wistar rats. Labeling from [1‐13C]glucose into brain glycogen occurred at a rate of 0.25 ± 0.12 and 0.48 ± 0.22 µmol/g/h in GK and Wistar rats, respectively (p = 0.028), despite similar brain glycogen concentrations. In addition, the appearance of [1‐13C]glucose in the brain was used to evaluate glucose transport and consumption. T2D caused a 31% reduction (p = 0.031) of the apparent maximum transport rate (Tmax) and a tendency for reduced cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc; −29%, p = 0.062), indicating impaired glucose utilization in T2D. After MRS in vivo, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was employed to measure regional 13C fractional enrichment of glucose and glycogen in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus. The diabetes‐induced reduction in glycogen labeling was most prominent in the hippocampus and hypothalamus, which are crucial for memory and energy homeostasis, respectively. These findings were further supported by changes in the phosphorylation rate of glycogen synthase, as analyzed by Western blotting. Altogether, the present results indicate that T2D is associated with impaired brain glycogen metabolism.