bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is knowledge that powerful? Financial literacy and access to finance
Authors: Hussain Javed , Salia Samuel , Karim Amin 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial literacy, access to finance and growth among small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the Midlands region of the UK. It assesses whether financial literacy assists SMEs to overcome information asymmetry, mitigates the need for collateral, optimizes capital structure and improves access to finance.

Design/methodology/approach
To gain a deeper insight into the complex relationship between financial literacy, access to finance and growth, a qualitative research is carried out among SMEs that have operated for over five years or longer. Using the purposive sampling technique, 37 firms were selected based on size, location and characteristics, mainly from the city of Birmingham and the joining conurbations. Open-ended and a combination of dichotomous questions were used for the survey. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analyzed.

Findings
Financial literacy is an interconnecting resource that mitigates information asymmetry and collateral deficit when evaluating loan applications, therefore financial literacy should be part of school curriculum. The analysis suggests enhanced financial literacy, reduces monitoring cost and serves to optimize firms’ capital structure that positively impacts on SMEs growth. Financial management knowledge is recognized as the core resource that aids an effective decision making by owners of SMEs.

Research limitations/implications
The limitation of this research is the small sample that limits its generalization. Its findings could be enhanced by a larger sample and by conducting comparative studies in other regions or economies. SMEs growth is seen as a strategic policy to stimulate enterprise but the finance gap tends to constrain that objective. The UK Government’s effort to improve access to finance and to mitigate excessive collateral demands by lenders has proved elusive. This empirical research provides evidence that financial literacy enhances access to finance and, in turn, promotes growth potentials.

Practical implications
The results of this study advocate the provision of financial literacy at schools and target support for SMEs to acquire financial management skills in order to mitigate information asymmetry between lenders and borrowers.

Social implications
Findings suggest that financial literacy mediates access to finance, enables enterprises to use optimal financial structure to mitigate business failure, creates employment and reduces public sector support for social benefits.

Originality/value
This study is novel in that it examines financial literacy and its implications for access to finance and firm growth in the UK. The study is an effort to highlight the role of financial information in mitigating barriers to finance for SMEs.
High performance of quantum dots light-emitting diodes based on double transparent electrodes
Authors: Li Zhiwei 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to find an effective route to fabricate high transparent top electrode in quantum dots light-emitting diodes (QLEDs).

Design/methodology/approach
Al-doped ZnO (AZO) top cathode with high transparency have been deposited by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) method at 140°C for 1 h. The products are studied by UV-vis spectrometer and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The electroluminescence spectra of QLED are recorded using an Ocean Optics high-resolution spectrometer (HR4000). The devices were measured under ambient conditions without encapsulation.

Findings
The AZO-based QLED shows excellent performance with high luminance and current efficiency.

Originality/value
The AZO obtained by ALD method is a promising cathode candidate for application in QLEDs.
Population composition and financial markets: evidence from Japan
Authors: Kawakatsu Hiroyuki , Oliver Mikiko 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThis study aims to examine the relation between population composition and financial market variables in post-war Japan.Design/methodology/approachCointegration and Granger causality tests are applied to annual data for the period 1948-2015.FindingsAccounting for nonstationarity, this study finds long-run equilibrium relations between real financial price (stock and house) indices and the proportion of population in the prime earning (45-64) or retirement (65+) age. Granger causality tests that account for possibly nonstationary variables find some evidence of dynamic causation running from the 45-64 cohort to the real financial price indices. No such evidence is found for the 65+ cohort.Originality/valueThis study complements the existing literature primarily based on US data with analysis of Japanese data that has some unique population composition features.
A smarter process for managing and explaining organization design change
Authors: Vantrappen Herman , Wirtz Frederic 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Companies change their organizations continually. When such a change follows a change in company strategy, employees understand why it happens. However, organization changes occur much more frequently than strategy changes. Their seemingly haphazard nature breeds cynicism, while it shouldn’t: organization changes are perfectly normal, usually necessary and often for the better. The reason is that an organization design is never perfect. Designing an organization is a delicate exercise that considers diverging requirements, but at some point, you’ve got to decide, and go for the “least bad” design. The article lays out how to explain why such changes and cycles occur.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors draw on their long advisory experience to propose three premises about organization design. They then describe the implications of these premises for managers who need to make and explain organization design changes.

Findings
Premise 1: There is no one-size-fits-all organization. Implication: Beware of adopting organizational hypes thoughtlessly; tailor the design to the specific situation, possibly on the basis of an “organizational health-check”. 10;Premise 2: There are usually good reasons why an organization is as it is. Implication: Beware of following a slash-and-burn approach; consider a gradual approach as the default, possibly on the basis of causal loop diagrams. 10;Premise 3: Organization is more than “structure”. Implication: Beware of isolated, simple-minded changes; include “processes”, “people”, “technology” and “culture”, as explained by various frameworks.

Practical implications
Alfred Chandler famously wrote that “structure follows strategy”. This article demonstrates that “structure begets structure”. Hence it is important for managers not to bungle an organization design change. To that purpose, they should be clear about the desired time to see the impact of the change and about the risk of change-induced organizational chaos.

Originality/value
The article contributes to good management practice by enabling managers to explain well why an organization change, even in the absence of a strategy change, does make sense. Managers’ ability to explain the benefits of change, and employees’ acceptance thereof, is a mark of organizational maturity.
Esteemed, dismissed and everyday hybridity
Authors: O’Connor Paul 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to respond to the circumstances that have made hybridity both a popular term in cultural analysis and a contested, problematic concept. It promotes the need to look at what has been dismissed in discussions of hybridity, namely, mundane and un-exotic examples of cultural mix.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a conceptual and interpretive approach to theoretical and empirical work that engages with the theme of hybridity.

Findings
The findings highlight how a celebration of hybridity has limited the ways in which the concept can be used for empirical work. It proposes the paradigm of everyday hybridity to work with practical examples of cultural hybridity.

Research limitations/implications
The implications are to decentre the Western bias that has theorised hybridity without exploring how the concept is relevant to other regions, such as East Asia.

Originality/value
The value of this work is in providing an audit of the concept of hybridity and a working paradigm for future qualitative research.
Gut microbiota alterations in moderate to severe acne vulgaris patients
Authors: Yan Hui‐Min , Zhao Hui‐Juan , Guo Du‐Yi , Zhu Pei‐Qiu , Zhang Chun‐Lei , Jiang Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis affecting approximately 85% of adolescents. There are many factors contributing to the development of this ailment. A recent study indicated that gut microbiota takes part in the pathogenesis of acne. We aimed to investigate the link between acne vulgaris and gut microbiota. A total of 31 moderate to severe acne vulgaris patients and 31 healthy controls were enrolled. We collected their feces, and gut microbiota was evaluated by the hypervariable regions of 16SrRNAgenes through high‐throughput sequencing. We identified links between acne vulgaris and changes of gut microbiota. At the phylum level, Actinobacteria (0.89% in acne patients and 2.84% in normal controls,P= 0.004) was decreased and Proteobacteria (8.35% in acne patients and 7.01% in normal controls,P= 0.031) was increased. At the genus level,Bifidobacterium,Butyricicoccus,Coprobacillus,LactobacillusandAllobaculumwere all decreased. The observed difference in genera between acne patients and healthy controls provides a new insight into the link between gut microbiota changes and acne vulgaris risk.
Severe thiopurine‐induced leukocytopenia and hair loss in Japanese patients with defective NUDT15 variant: Retrospective case–control study
Authors: Kishibe Mari , Nozaki Hiroyoshi , Fujii Mizue , Iinuma Shin , Ohtsubo Sawa , Igawa Satomi , Kanno Kyoko , Honma Masaru , Kishibe Kan , Okamoto Kensaku , Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAzathioprine (AZA)‐metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphism is strongly related to thiopurine‐induced leukocytopenia, which has not been well recognized in dermatological practice. We tried to see whether NUDT15 gene polymorphism can be the most susceptible genetic factor for AZA toxicity and the gene screening is beneficial to avoid the adverse events of AZA for the treatment of skin diseases. A retrospective study was carried out on 15 adult Japanese patients who were treated with AZA. Gene polymorphism of thiopurine‐metabolizing enzymes NUDT15 R139C, ITPA 94C>A, TPMT*2, TPMT*3B and TPMT*3C was analyzed. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were prospectively investigated in eight patients who were considered to have received AZA treatments. Two NUDT15 R139C homozygous patients developed agranulocytosis, severe thrombocytopenia and massive hair loss. The gene screening prior to AZA treatment identified one heterozygote of NUDT15 R139C and ITPA 94C>A, and three heterozygotes of ITPA 94C>A or TMPT*3C. Although this study was a retrospective single‐center case–control observational study that enrolled a small number of patients, NUDT15 R139C homozygosity is a genetic risk of thiopurine‐induced potentially fetal hematological abnormalities. To avoid serious adverse events, gene screening of thiopurine‐metabolizing enzymes, at least NUDT15 R139C, should be considered prior to administration in genetically predisposed populations, such as Japanese. We highlight that massive hair loss in the early period of the initiation of AZA would be a sign of impending severe myelotoxicity.
Novel Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Oncorhynchus mykiss Nebulin: Virtual Screening and In Silico Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Yu Zhipeng , Fan Yue , Zhao Wenzhu , Ding Long , Li Jianrong , Liu Jingbo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExcessive concentrations of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) can give rise to high blood pressure, and is harmful to the body. ACE inhibitory peptides from food proteins are considered good sources of function food. However, the preparation of ACE inhibitory peptides by classical method faces many challenges. Three novel ACE inhibitory peptides were identified by in silico methods, and showed potent activity against ACE in vitro. The simulation hydrolysis of nebulin was performed with ExPASy PeptideCutter program. Potential activity, solubility, and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity properties of generated peptides were predicted using program online. Molecular docking displayed that EGF, HGR, and VDF were docked into the S1 and S2 pockets of ACE. Meanwhile, Phe and Arg at the C‐terminal enhance ACE affinity. The IC50 values of EGF, HGR, and VDF were 474.65 ± 0.08, 106.21 ± 0.52, and 439.27 ± 0.09 μM, respectively. Three peptides EGF, HGR, and VDF from Oncorhynchus mykiss nebulin were identified, and the molecular mechanism between ACE and peptides was clarified using in silico methods. The results suggested that Oncorhynchus mykiss nebulin would be an attractive raw material of antihypertensive nutraceutical ingredients.Practical ApplicationThis study has shown the potential of Oncorhynchus mykiss nebulin as good sources for producing ACE inhibitory peptides. According to this finding, in silico approach is the feasible way for prediction and identification of food‐derived ACE inhibitory peptides in emerging nutraceutical field.
Hot Off the Press: Validation of the Pediatric NEXUS II Head Computed Tomography Decision Instrument for Selective Imaging of Pediatric Patients with Blunt Head Trauma
Authors: Heitz Corey , Morgenstern Justin , Bond Christopher , Milne William K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis is a validation of a preplanned secondary analysis of the NEXUS II Head computed tomography (CT) decision instrument, focusing on the pediatric population. A total of 1,018 patients less than 18 years old, who underwent head CT imaging for blunt head trauma, were included. The decision instrument correctly identified all patient (27/27) who required neurosurgical intervention and 48 of 49 patients who had clinically significant head injury on CT imaging.
Comprehensive insight into functional interaction between GNB3 C825T and eNOS T‐786C, G894T gene polymorphisms and association with susceptibility to diabetic erectile dysfunction
Authors: Ben Khedher M. R. , Abid M. , Jamoussi K. , Hammami M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundNo study has assessed the possible involvement of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) T‐786C and G894T and G‐protein β3 subunit (GNB3) C825T polymorphisms with susceptibility to diabetic vasculogenic erectile dysfunction (VED) in North African subjects.ObjectivesOur aim was to evaluate the interaction and association between these gene polymorphisms and this disorder.Materials and methodsA total of 164 type 2 diabetes patients with VED diagnosed with penile color Doppler ultrasonography and 148 age‐matched healthy volunteers were genotyped for the rs1799983 (G894T) and rs2070744 (T‐786C) of the eNOS gene and the rs5443 (C825T) of the GNB3 gene using the PCR‐RFLP method.ResultsA significant association of the eNOS G894T (p = 0.005) and T‐786C (p = 0.02) with altered susceptibility to VED was observed. The risk also holds for the G894T and T‐786C eNOS gene polymorphisms when excluding patients with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (p = 1.7·10−4 and p = 3.2·10−5, respectively). The univariate odds ratio associated with CC alleles of the eNOS T‐786C revealed a four times increased risk for VED (OR = 4.04; 95% CI = 1.53–10.67; p = 0.006). VED risk was also associated with the G894T variant under dominant model (p = 0.002) and the T‐786C variant under recessive model (p = 0.004). Furthermore, the concomitant presence of the combined genotypes of the 894T and 786T strongly affected the predisposition to VED (p = 0.007).Discussion and ConclusionOur study gave a comprehensive insight into functional interaction between GNB3 and eNOS gene polymorphisms and suggests that the eNOS G894T and T‐786C variants are strong predisposing factors of VED susceptibility within men with type 2 diabetes.
What if Edward Abbey's “Monkey Wrench Gang” had Succeeded? The Ghosts of Glen Canyon Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Smith Laura 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAcross the fiction and non‐fiction writings of Edward Abbey (1927–1989), the anticipated restoration of Glen Canyon on the Colorado River is a recurring theme. This article employs Abbey's polemic for the removal of Glen Canyon Dam to critique contemporary debates on dam decommissioning, water politics, and ecological restoration in Glen Canyon on the Utah–Arizona border. The endeavours (and fantasies) of Abbey's fictional quartet of eco‐saboteurs reveal his radical and anarchical imaginings on how to remove the dam, yet his non‐fiction works often suggest why Glen Canyon should be restored. The politicisation of Abbey's philosophy is explored through (1) organisational, institutional responses to the question of draining Lake Powell reservoir and decommissioning the dam, and (2) how the ideology of Abbey's fictional gang is recast—and plays out—in the actions of environmental activists. This article argues that Abbey remains an important voice in the battle to restore the Glen.
Association between dopamine receptor gene polymorphisms and effects of risperidone treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Lingyue , Zhang Xiaodan , Xiang Qian , Zhou Shuang , Zhao Nan , Xie Qiufen , Zhao Xia , Zhou Ying , Cui Yimin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of risperidone treatment in patients with schizophrenia varies according to the dopamine receptor genes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between genes of the dopamine receptors (D1, D2, and D3) and the effect of risperidone treatment.MethodsThree electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched for relevant cohort or case‐control studies published before 9 May 2018. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the relationship between the dopamine receptors D1, D2, and D3 (DRD1, 2, and 3) and the effect of risperidone treatment. The summary odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) in a random‐effects model were used to measure these relationships.ResultsTwelve studies involving 24 SNPs were included. DRD2 (Ser311Cys, rs1801028 Ser/Ser) significantly lowered the improvement rate (determined by the PANSS score) unlike Ser/Cys (WMD: −11.58, 95% CI: −17.35 to −5.18). For Asian patients, A241G (rs1799978) AA carriers showed greater improvement after risperidone therapy (P < 0.05). The polymorphisms of 141C Ins/Del (rs1799732), T939C (rs6275), rs6277, and TaqID (rs1800498) may also influence the treatment effect. TaqIA (rs1800497) and TaqIB (rs17294542) were not associated with the rate of response to risperidone. DRD3 was not associated with an improvement in the PANSS total score; however, Ser9Gly might be related to a change in negative symptoms. No significant effect of DRD1 (rs5326, rs4867798, rs4532, and rs11749676) was found.ConclusionsOur result supported the hypothesis that DRD2 affected risperidone treatment. DRD1 had no significant effect on the response to risperidone, whereas DRD3 might be associated with an improvement in negative symptoms. Larger observational studies are warranted to verify these findings and identify other genetic factors involved.
Grit and self‐discipline as predictors of effort and academic attainment
Authors: Hagger Martin S. , Hamilton Kyra 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundBeyond ability, traits related to perseverance, such as grit and self‐discipline, are associated with adaptive educational outcomes. Few studies have examined the independent effects of these traits on outcomes and the mechanisms involved.AimsThis study estimated parameters of a process model in which grit‐perseverance of effort (grit‐effort) and consistency of interest (grit‐interest) dimensions and self‐discipline were independent predictors of students’ science grades. The effect of the grit‐effort on grades was expected to be mediated by students’ self‐reported effort on optional out‐of‐school science learning activities.SampleSecondary school students (N = 110) aged between 12 and 14 years.MethodsThe study adopted a correlational design with measures taken on three occasions. Students completed self‐report measures of grit and self‐discipline early in the semester and effort on optional out‐of‐school learning activities 5 weeks later. Students’ science grades were collected at the end of the semester. Data were analysed using Bayesian path analyses using non‐informative and informative priors derived from previous research.ResultsConsistent with predictions, we found effects of grit‐effort on science grades mediated by effort, and self‐discipline on grades. Contrary to predictions, we also found an effect of self‐discipline on grades mediated by effort. Zero was a credible value for direct effects of grit‐effort on grades, and grit‐interest on effort and grades.ConclusionsResults suggest grit‐effort and self‐discipline relate to effort on educational activities linked to better grades. The direct effect of self‐discipline on grades suggests that it may be related to other activities that determine science attainment.
Opposing roles of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the stimulant and rewarding effects of cocaine
Authors: Gobira Pedro H , Oliveira Ana C , Gomes Julia S , da Silveira Vivian T , Asth Laila , Bastos Juliana R , Batista Edleusa M , Issy Ana C , Okine Bright N , de Oliveira Antonio C , Ribeiro Fabiola M , Del Bel Elaine A , Aguiar Daniele C , Finn David P , Moreira Fabricio A 
Published: August 2018

Background and PurposeThe endocannabinoids anandamide and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) bind to CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the brain and modulate the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway. This neurocircuitry is engaged by psychostimulant drugs, including cocaine. Although CB1 receptor antagonism and CB2 receptor activation are known to inhibit certain effects of cocaine, they have been investigated separately. Here, we tested the hypothesis that there is a reciprocal interaction between CB1 receptor blockade and CB2 receptor activation in modulating behavioural responses to cocaine.Experimental ApproachMale Swiss mice received i.p. injections of cannabinoid‐related drugs followed by cocaine, and were then tested for cocaine‐induced hyperlocomotion, c‐Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and conditioned place preference. Levels of endocannabinoids after cocaine injections were also analysed.Key ResultsThe CB1 receptor antagonist, rimonabant, and the CB2 receptor agonist, JWH133, prevented cocaine‐induced hyperlocomotion. The same results were obtained by combining sub‐effective doses of both compounds. The CB2 receptor antagonist, AM630, reversed the inhibitory effects of rimonabant in cocaine‐induced hyperlocomotion and c‐Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens. Selective inhibitors of anandamide and 2‐AG hydrolysis (URB597 and JZL184, respectively) failed to modify this response. However, JZL184 prevented cocaine‐induced hyperlocomotion when given after a sub‐effective dose of rimonabant. Cocaine did not change brain endocannabinoid levels. Finally, CB2 receptor blockade reversed the inhibitory effect of rimonabant in the acquisition of cocaine‐induced conditioned place preference.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe present data support the hypothesis that CB1 and CB2 receptors work in concert with opposing functions to modulate certain addiction‐related effects of cocaine.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc