bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cicatricial ectropion surgery: a prospective study of long‐term symptom control, patient satisfaction and anatomical success
Authors: McKelvie James , Papchenko Taras , Carroll Stuart , Ng Stephen GJ 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImportanceCicatricial ectropion repair is effective and has a low complication rate.BackgroundTo evaluate the effectiveness and long‐term functional outcomes of surgical repair of lower lid cicatricial ectropion.DesignProspective consecutive case series.ParticipantsForty‐four consecutive operations for cicatricial ectropion repair.MethodsConsecutive cases of cicatricial ectropion repair completed during 2007–2011 in Waikato Hospital and Hamilton Eye Clinic, New Zealand, were enrolled in the study following formal ethics approval. Ectropion repair was completed using inferior retractor repositioning, horizontal lid tightening and full‐thickness skin grafting.Main Outcome MeasuresPatient‐reported symptoms and satisfaction, ectropion recurrence and punctal ectropion.ResultsForty‐four eyes of 40 patients (30 males and 10 female) were included in the study. The average age at surgery was 75 years. Watering and poor appearance were the most common presenting symptoms. Postoperative follow‐up was 1–6 years (mean = 4 years). There were no major perioperative complications, one patient developed trichiasis postoperatively. There were five reoperations (11%) during the study period. Two patients underwent medial spindle procedures for symptomatic medial ectropion and three patients required additional horizontal lid tightening. Seventy percent of patients reported satisfaction with their long‐term results despite the partial recurrence of symptoms in 45%. Ectropion recurrence in <1 year occurred in three patients.Conclusion and RelevanceIn this series, satisfactory appearance and symptom control were reported by 68% of patients at long‐term follow‐up. Preoperative marked ectropion with marked lid laxity is associated with early treatment failure and may be regarded as a relative contraindication to surgical correction with this technique. Punctal ectropion is an unreliable indicator of functional success.
Determinants of parental participation in Family‐centered Care in Juvenile Justice Institutions
Authors: Simons Inge , Mulder Eva , Breuk René , Rigter Henk , van Domburgh Lieke , Vermeiren Robert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study assessed if staff members of two juvenile justice institutions in the Netherlands were able to motivate parents to participate in a programme of Family‐centred Care. For research purposes, parents were considered to participate if they (a) attended the family meeting, (b) visited their son during regular visiting hours, and (c) participated in measurements. Study participants were the parents of 139 short‐term detained male adolescents. The family meeting was attended by 47% of the parents, most adolescents (74.1%) were visited at least once by their parents, and 42% of the parents participated in measurements. Several factors influenced the parental participation rate variables, although effect sizes were small. The more parenting problems parents faced, the less likely they were to attend the family meeting. Parents with a job visited their son more often than unemployed parents. Finally, a longer stay of the adolescent and Dutch ethnicity predicted more parental participation in measurements. Our study showed that parental participation is feasible. However, the participation rates in the two years after the first steps of implementation were eligible for improvement. More implementation experience where staff could fully benefit from training and coaching in family‐centred work could substantially increase parental participation rates.
Making habitat connectivity a reality
Authors: Keeley Annika T. H. , Basson Galli , Cameron D. Richard , Heller Nicole E. , Huber Patrick R. , Schloss Carrie A. , Thorne James H. , Merenlender Adina M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough a plethora of habitat‐connectivity plans exists, protecting and restoring connectivity through on‐the‐ground action has been slow. We identified challenges to and opportunities for connectivity conservation through a literature review of project implementation, a workshop with scientists and conservation practitioners, 3 case studies of connectivity projects, and interviews with conservation professionals. Connectivity challenges and solutions tended to be context specific, dependent on land‐ownership patterns, socioeconomic factors, and the policy framework. Successful connectivity implementation tended to be associated with development and promotion of a common vision among diverse sets of stakeholders, including nontraditional conservation actors, such as water districts and recreation departments, and with communication with partners and the public. Other factors that lead to successful implementation included undertaking empirical studies to prioritize and validate corridors and the identification of related co‐benefits of corridor projects. Engaging partners involved in land management and planning, such as nongovernmental conservation organizations, public agencies, and private landowners, is critical to effective strategy implementation. A clear regulatory framework, including unambiguous connectivity conservation mandates, would increase public resource allocation, and incentive programs are needed to promote private sector engagement. Connectivity conservation must move more rapidly from planning to implementation. We provide an evidence‐based solution composed of key elements for successful on‐the‐ground connectivity implementation. We identified the social processes necessary to advance habitat connectivity for biodiversity conservation and resilient landscapes under climate change.
The impact of stapling technique and surgeon specialism on anastomotic failure after right‐sided colorectal resection: an international multicentre, prospective audit
Authors:   the 2015 European Society of Coloproctology Collaborating Group
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThere is little evidence to support choice of technique and configuration for stapled anastomoses after right hemicolectomy and ileocaecal resection. This study aimed to determine the relationship between stapling technique and anastomotic failure.MethodAny unit performing gastrointestinal surgery was invited to contribute data on consecutive adult patients undergoing right hemicolectomy or ileocolic resection to this prospective, observational, international, multicentre study. Patients undergoing stapled, side‐to‐side ileocolic anastomoses were identified and multilevel, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors associated with anastomotic leak.ResultsOne thousand three hundred and forty‐seven patients were included from 200 centres in 32 countries. The overall anastomotic leak rate was 8.3%. Upon multivariate analysis there was no difference in leak rate with use of a cutting stapler for apical closure compared with a noncutting stapler (8.4% vs 8.0%, OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.54–1.53, P = 0.72). Oversewing of the apical staple line, whether in the cutting group (7.9% vs 9.7%, OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.52–1.46, P = 0.60) or noncutting group (8.9% vs 5.7%, OR 1.40, 95% CI 0.46–4.23, P = 0.55) also conferred no benefit in terms of reducing leak rates. Surgeons reporting to be general surgeons had a significantly higher leak rate than those reporting to be colorectal surgeons (12.1% vs 7.3%, OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.04–2.64, P = 0.04).ConclusionThis study did not identify any difference in anastomotic leak rates according to the type of stapling device used to close the apical aspect. In addition, oversewing of the anastomotic staple lines appears to confer no benefit in terms of reducing leak rates. Although general surgeons operated on patients with more high‐risk characteristics than colorectal surgeons, a higher leak rate for general surgeons which remained after risk adjustment needs further exploration.
Transboundary cooperation improves endangered species monitoring and conservation actions: A case study of the global population of Amur leopards
Authors: Vitkalova Anna V. , Feng Limin , Rybin Alexander N. , Gerber Brian D. , Miquelle Dale G. , Wang Tianming , Yang Haitao , Shevtsova Elena I. , Aramilev Vladimir V. , Ge Jianping 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPolitical borders and natural boundaries of wildlife populations seldom coincide, often to the detriment of conservation objectives. Transnational monitoring of endangered carnivores is rare, but is necessary for accurate population monitoring and coordinated conservation policies. We investigate the benefits of collaboratively monitoring the abundance and survival of the critically endangered Amur leopard, which occurs as a single transboundary population across China and Russia. Country‐specific results overestimated abundance and were generally less precise compared to integrated monitoring estimates; the global population was similar in both years: 84 (70–108, 95% confidence interval). Uncertainty in country‐specific annual survival estimates were approximately twice the integrated estimates of 0.82 (0.69–0.91, 95% confidence limits). This collaborative effort provided a better understanding of Amur leopard population dynamics, represented a first step in building trust, and lead to cooperative agreements to coordinate conservation policies.
Cytohistological correlation of urine cytology in a tertiary centre with application of the Paris system
Authors: Rohilla Manish , Singh Priya , Rajwanshi Arvind , Gupta Nalini , Srinivasan Radhika , Dey Pranab , Kakkar Nandita 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesUrine cytology has a high sensitivity in morphological recognition of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) as compared to low‐grade urothelial neoplasms. The Paris system (TPS) was designed to standardise the reporting of HGUC on urine cytology. We evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of urine cytology in routine practice with the cytohistological correlation and application of TPS.MethodsA retrospective review of urine cytology reported from 2014 to 2015 was carried out with cytohistological correlation, wherever available. The cases were also recategorised according to TPS with the calculation of malignancy risk of all categories.ResultsMore than 4000 specimens from 1396 patients were evaluated. Histopathology was available in 244 cases. Urine cytology had a sensitivity of 70.5%, specificity of 78.4%, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 71.7%. The urine cytology when categorised by TPS had 0.9% unsatisfactory cases, 75.9% negative for HGUC, 8.5% atypical urothelial cells, 0.2% suspicious for HGUC, 14.1% HGUC and 0.4% cases of other malignancies. The risk of HGUC with each category of negative for HGUC, atypical, suspicious for HGUC, HGUC and other malignancy was 11.6%, 12.3%, 33.3%, 58.8% and 80%, respectively.ConclusionUrine cytology continues to show high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of urothelial carcinoma with a relatively high sensitivity for HGUC. TPS for reporting urine cytology defines specific criteria for diagnosing atypical and HGUC but increases the cases in the atypical category.
Mothers’ and fathers’ mind‐mindedness influences physiological emotion regulation of infants across the first year of life
Authors: Zeegers Moniek A.J. , de Vente Wieke , Nikolić Milica , Majdandžić Mirjana , Bögels Susan M. , Colonnesi Cristina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to test whether mothers’ (n = 116) and fathers’ (n = 116) mind‐mindedness predicts infants’ physiological emotion regulation (heart rate variability; HRV) across the first year of life. Three hypotheses were examined: (a) parents’ mind‐mindedness at 4 and 12 months predicts infants’ HRV at 12 months over and above infants’ initial HRV levels at 4 months, (b) mothers’ and fathers’ mind‐mindedness independently predict infant HRV, and (c) the effects of mind‐mindedness on infant HRV (partially) operate via parenting behaviour. Infants’ HRV was assessed during rest and a stranger approach. Mind‐mindedness was assessed by calculating the proportions of appropriate and non‐attuned mind‐related comments during free‐play interactions, and parenting quality was observed at 4 and 12 months in the same interactions. Path analyses showed that mothers’ appropriate mind‐related comments at 4 and 12 months predicted higher baseline HRV at 12 months, whereas mothers’ non‐attuned comments predicted lower baseline HRV at 12 months. Similar, but concurrent, relations were found for fathers’ appropriate and non‐attuned mind‐related comments and infant baseline HRV at 12 months. In addition, fathers’ appropriate mind‐related comments showed an indirect association with infant baseline HRV at 12 months via fathers’ parenting quality. With regard to infant HRV reactivity during the stranger approach, mothers’ appropriate mind‐related comments at 4 months and fathers’ non‐attuned mind‐related comments at 12 months predicted a larger HRV decline during the stranger approach at 12 months. Infants’ HRV at 4 months did not predict parents’ later mind‐mindedness. The results indicate that mothers’ and fathers’ appropriate and non‐attuned mind‐related speech uniquely impacts the development of infants’ physiological emotion regulation.
Monozygotic twin differences in school performance are stable and systematic
Authors: von Stumm Sophie , Plomin Robert 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSchool performance is one of the most stable and heritable psychological characteristics. Notwithstanding, monozygotic twins (MZ), who have identical genotypes, differ in school performance. These MZ differences result from non‐shared environments that do not contribute to the similarity within twin pairs. Because to date few non‐shared environmental factors have been reliably associated with MZ differences in school performance, they are thought to be idiosyncratic and due to chance, suggesting that the effect of non‐shared environments on MZ differences are age‐ and trait‐specific. In a sample of 2768 MZ twin pairs, we found first that MZ differences in school performance were moderately stable from age 12 through 16, with differences at the ages 12 and 14 accounting for 20% of the variance in MZ differences at age 16. Second, MZ differences in school performance correlated positively with MZ differences across 16 learning‐related variables, including measures of intelligence, personality and school attitudes, with the twin who scored higher on one also scoring higher on the other measures. Finally, MZ differences in the 16 learning‐related variables accounted for 22% of the variance in MZ differences in school performance at age 16. These findings suggest that, unlike for other psychological domains, non‐shared environmental factors affect school performance in systematic ways that have long‐term and generalist influence. Our findings should motivate the search for non‐shared environmental factors responsible for the stable and systematic effects on children’s differences in school performance.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/0bw2Fl_HGq0
Questioning supports effective transmission of knowledge and increased exploratory learning in pre‐kindergarten children
Authors: Yu Yue , Landrum Asheley R. , Bonawitz Elizabeth , Shafto Patrick 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHow can education optimize transmission of knowledge while also fostering further learning? Focusing on children at the cusp of formal schooling (N = 180, age = 4.0–6.0 y), we investigate learning after direct instruction by a knowledgeable teacher, after questioning by a knowledgeable teacher, and after questioning by a naïve informant. Consistent with previous findings, instruction by a knowledgeable teacher allows effective information transmission but at the cost of exploration and further learning. Critically, we find a dual benefit for questioning by a knowledgeable teacher: Such pedagogical questioning both effectively transmits knowledge and fosters exploration and further learning, regardless of whether the question was directed to the child or directed to a third party and overheard by the child. These effects are not observed when the same question is asked by a naïve informant. We conclude that a teacher's choice of pedagogical method may differentially influence learning through their choices of how, and how not, to present evidence, with implications for transmission of knowledge and self‐directed discovery.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FJXH2b65wL8
Feasibility and effectiveness of percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty under echocardiographic guidance only
Authors: Liu Yao , Guo Gai‐Li , Wen Bin , Wang Shouzheng , Ou‐Yang Wen‐Bin , Xie Yongquan , Pan Xiang‐Bin 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivePercutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is the treatment of choice in patients with isolated mitral stenosis. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of PBMV under echocardiography guidance only of isolated mitral stenosis (MS).MethodsFrom October 2016 to Dec 2017, 20 consecutive patients with severe MS underwent PBMV with echocardiography as the only imaging modality at a single center. Outpatient follow‐up including chest radiography, electrocardiography, and transthoracic echocardiography was conducted at 1, 3,6, and 12 months after the procedure.ResultsAll 20 patients successfully underwent PBMV under echocardiography guidance without radiation and contrast agent. Among them, 2 patients were pregnant, 5 had chronic renal failure, and 1 had history of allergy to contrast. Mitral transvalvular pressure gradient measured at catheterization dropped from 13.35 ± 2.85 mm Hg to 5.10 ± 1.17 mm Hg (P < .01). Mitral valve area increased from 0.82 ± 0.10 cm2 pre‐PBMV to 1.88 ± 0.24 cm2 post‐PBMV (P < .01). Mean balloon diameter was 26.63 ± 0.93 mm. Mild mitral regurgitation developed in 6 patients. Mean follow‐up duration was 6.27 ± 3.12 months. At last follow‐up, mitral valve area remained high (1.71 ± 0.14 cm2) and mean transmitral pressure gradient low (6.07 ± 1.03 mm Hg). No pericardial effusion or peripheral vascular complications occurred.ConclusionIn this small experience, PBMV could be successfully performed under only echocardiography guidance and appeared safe and effective while avoiding radiation and contrast agent use.
Collapsimycopappus: A new leaf pathogen with mycopappus‐like propagules in Mycosphaerellaceae
Authors: Hashimoto Akira , Sasaki Yukie , Harada Yukio , Tanaka Kazuaki 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA previously undescribed mycopappus‐like fungus associated with large zonate leaf spot disease of Styrax obassia was found in Japan. Single‐propagule isolation of the fungus from necrotic areas of the diseased leaves yielded four pure cultures. Pathogenicity tests of the fungus were performed on potted S. obassia plants. Leaves were wounded with a sterilized needle and inoculated with mycelial agar. Development of necrotic zones was observed within 4 months. Numerous propagules appeared on the necrotic areas, and two strains of the same fungus were isolated again. The morphology of the pathogen was described, and its phylogeny was analysed based on the sequences of nuclear rDNA ITS, LSU regions and the rpb2 genes. Twenty‐four sequences were generated from six strains. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the pathogen was closely related to the members of Mycosphaerellaceae, but was distinct in having brown propagules with hyphal appendages that collapsed at maturity and divided into part spores. Therefore, we propose Collapsimycopappus as a new genus to accommodate a single species, C. styracis.
Defence responses in the xylem of Ulmus americana cultivars after inoculation with Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi
Authors: Beier Garrett L. , Blanchette Robert A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEarlier, it has been shown that cultivars of American elm (Ulmus americana) can differ in their susceptibility to Dutch elm disease (DED) and in their ability to compartmentalize infection. To gain a better understanding of how certain factors of compartmentalization influence disease susceptibility, histological and histochemical studies were performed on five cultivars of American elm and two wild‐type seedling populations. There were a variety of differences in barrier zone formation and barrier zone characteristics among the cultivars which may help explain variability in resistance to DED. Timing of barrier zone production may be one factor that helps determine whether a tree survives infection. At 20 days postinoculation (DPI) in 2015, “New Harmony,” which had one of the highest mean disease severity ratings (DSR), was the only cultivar to have no barrier zones present in the samples examined. Barrier zones were present in all trees examined in 2016 for the two cultivars with the highest mean DSR, with many of the trees at 100% permanent wilt at 90 DPI, providing evidence that the formation of barrier zones does not ensure the tree will survive infection. When examining stem sections of these cultivars from 2016 for autofluorescence under blue light, which is indicative of phenolic compounds, they displayed significantly less autofluorescence than “Valley Forge,” which had the lowest DSR. Another important finding from this work is that despite having weak or discontinuous barrier zones, cultivars can still have relatively low DSR. “Prairie Expedition” and “Princeton” had multiple samples which had barrier zones which were breached or circumvented. When a barrier zone was breached, these cultivars often formed a subsequent barrier zone. Findings from these examinations help illustrate the complex nature of compartmentalization in American elm and how a variety of factors are affecting disease resistance.
High‐risk sexual behaviour in young people with mental health disorders
Authors: Adan Sanchez Asiel Yair , McMillan Elizabeth , Bhaduri Amit , Pehlivan Nancy , Monson Katherine , Badcock Paul , Thompson Katherine , Killackey Eoin , Chanen Andrew , O'Donoghue Brian 
Published: June 2018

AimThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of high‐risk sexual behaviours, sequelae and associated factors in young people attending a youth mental health service.MethodsThe study design was a cross‐sectional survey of 103 young people aged between 15‐25 years carried out across four specialist mental health clinics. A questionnaire on the sexual health of secondary level students was adapted for this study. Mental health symptomatology was assessed through the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).ResultsThe mean age was 20.9 (SD ±2.8) years, with 50.5% being female, 41.7% male and 7.7% transgender. A total of 52.4% (N = 54) attended the psychosis [EPPIC] clinic; 15.6% (N = 16) attended the ultra‐high risk for psychosis [PACE] clinic; 19.4% (N = 20) attended the personality disorders [HYPE] clinic; and 12.6% (N = 13) attended the mood clinic [YMC]. The mean BPRS score was 47.7 (SD ±12.2). A total of 77.7% of young people had previously been sexually active and of these, 37.5% did not use consistent contraception; 26.3% had been pregnant, of which 95.2% were unplanned. A total of 68.8% reported having been tested for sexually transmitted infections and 25.5% tested positive. The severity of symptoms or clinical characteristics were not associated with engagement in high‐risk sexual behaviours.ConclusionsThese results indicate that young people with mental health disorders have high needs in regard to their sexual health, which could be addressed by incorporating sexual health referral pathways into early intervention services.