bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfabricated sensors for non-invasive, real-time monitoring of organoids
Authors: Kim Yoojeong , Chica-Carrillo Erick C. , Lee Hyunjoo J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractOrganoids are three-dimensional cell clusters derived from stem cells and closely resemble the physiological characteristics of human tissues. As the next-generation biological model, organoids provide new opportunities for drug discovery, disease modeling, and personalized medicine. To fully harness the potential of organoids, real-time monitoring of biological states and functional evaluation of organoids are crucial. This review highlights recent advances in real-time, in situ biosensing technologies, including microelectrode arrays for electrophysiological recordings, chemical sensors for biochemical detection, and strain sensors for monitoring mechanical properties. While the development of miniature sensors for non-invasive, long-term, and real-time monitoring of organoids is in the early stage, these sensors are an essential part of organoid technology which would provide new insights into human developmental biology, pathophysiology, and drug discovery. After reviewing the seminal works on the microfabricated sensors for organoids, we also provide an outlook of the field including a discussion on the remaining challenges and future directions with a focus on integration of multiple sensors to facilitate organoid research and applications.
Student comprehension of biochemistry in a flipped classroom format
Authors: Harris Edward N. , Schroder Evan A. , Berks Teryn J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractConcept-heavy courses such as Biochemistry in life and physical science curricula are challenging for many college-aged students. It is easy for students to disengage in a lecture and not learn the subject matter while in class. To improve student learning and participation, we employed a flipped format for the first half of the course and compared learning outcomes and attitudes with the traditional lecture in the second half of the course. The experimental course was an upper-level biochemistry course taken primarily by juniors (49%), seniors (40%), and some graduate students (10%) at the college level. Our results indicate that lower-performing students academically benefited from the flipped format (twofold lower failure rate as compared to previous years), whereas, there was no change with higher performing students when comparing student grades from previous courses. Academic assessments were derived from exams, quizzes, in-class activity/participation, and out-of-class homework. Participation and overall satisfaction with the course was significantly much higher in the flipped format (88% of students) than in the traditional lecture (< 10%) for all students. In-class activities in both faculty preparation and execution were crucial to the success of the flipped format. Our conclusions are that the flipped pedagogy is better for the reinforcement of difficult concepts for struggling students (95% students in agreement) and merits higher participation than the traditional lecture. Two-way communication between instructor and students is encouraged and enhanced with in-class activities and case studies. Due to the success of this project and in agreement with ~ 75% of the students, the entire course will be flipped going forward.
Association between periodontal disease and systemic diseases: a cross-sectional analysis of current evidence
Authors: Huang Di , Wang Yun-Yun , Li Bing-Hui , Wu Lan , Xie Wen-Zhong , Zhou Xia , Ma Bin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Numerous systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been published that evaluate the association between periodontal disease and systemic diseases, many of which address similar topics. Moreover, their quality requires assessment. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to examine the evidence on the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic diseases.

Methods
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Only studies that considered periodontal disease as the exposure factor and various systemic diseases as the outcome were included. The basic characteristics and pertinent data from the selected studies were extracted. The modified version of A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) was employed for quality assessment, while R software was used for statistical analysis.

Results
Among the 212 relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 57 were finally included in our analysis. These studies involved 75 diseases and 81 disease-related outcomes, with cancer (19/81) being the most frequently addressed topic. Of the 81 outcomes, 67 demonstrated a significant association. Notably, the highest risk estimate was found for head and neck cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 3.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.78 − 5.64], while the lowest was observed for premature rupture of the amniotic sac [relative risk (RR) = 1.10, 95% CI 1.08 − 1.12]. The methodological quality ratings indicated that approximately 71.93% of included studies were classified as “Critically low”, with another 17.54% rated as “Low”, and only about 10.53% categorized as “Moderate”.

Conclusions
Periodontal disease significantly elevates the risks associated with 15 cancer-related, 8 cardiovascular-related, 8 metabolic-related, and 5 neurological-related outcomes. However, the overall methodological quality of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses is generally suboptimal and requires enhancement to generate higher-quality evidence in the future.
A case of simultaneous pancreatoduodenectomy and living donor liver transplantation for biliary cancer complicated with congenital biliary dilatation
Authors: Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Masaaki , Koshizuka Yasuyuki , Goto Ryoichi , Kawamura Norio , Orimo Tatsuya , Kamachi Hirofumi , Kamiyama Toshiya , Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Hibi Taizo , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
In patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction complicated by congenital biliary dilatation, the pancreatic enzyme flows back into the bile, leading to bile duct carcinogenesis. Although the biliary tract resection and reconstruction is well documented to decrease the rate of malignancy, cancer occurrence has been reported in the residual intrahepatic or intrapancreatic bile duct, even after resection. We report a case of multiple biliary tract cancers in the liver complicated by congenital biliary dilatation, whose tumor lesions were resected en bloc without disconnecting the biliary tract by simultaneous pancreatoduodenectomy and living donor liver transplantation.

Case presentation
A 27-year-old woman presented with epigastric discomfort. Examination indicated multiple biliary tract cancers complicated by congenital biliary dilatation. Computed tomography scan revealed three papillary tumors in the right hepatic duct with increased 18F-FDG accumulation on positron emission tomography. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound revealed another lesion in the left hepatic duct. Adenocarcinoma cells were detected using bile and choledochal brush cytology. Tumors resection by right lobectomy or trisegmentectomy of the liver and extrahepatic bile duct resection indicated a high risk of postoperative liver failure; the residual liver volumes were calculated only 277 ml or 176 ml, respectively. In addition, tumor recurrence owing to bile leakage during the surgery and carcinogenesis from the remaining bile duct were concerned. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed without disconnecting the biliary tract, and the tumors were resected en bloc with the whole liver. The left lobe liver graft from the husband was then transplanted. After 5 years of adjuvant treatment with tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil potassium, she remained in remission eight and half years after the surgery.

Conclusions
Given the mechanism and development of cancer in the congenital biliary dilatation, simultaneous pancreatoduodenectomy and liver transplantation may be considered, especially in the case of young patients.
Unveiling the bacterial diversity and potential of the Avicennia marina ecosystem for enhancing plant resilience to saline conditions
Authors: Alghamdi Amal Khalaf , Parween Sabiha , Hirt Heribert , Saad Maged M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Avicennia marina ecosystems are critical for coastal protection, water quality enhancement, and biodiversity support. These unique ecosystems thrive in extreme saline conditions and host a diverse microbiome that significantly contributes to plant resilience and growth. Global food security is increasingly threatened by crop yield losses due to abiotic stresses, including saline soils. Traditional plant breeding for salt tolerance is both costly and time-consuming. This study explores the potential of bacteria from A. marina to enhance plant growth under saline conditions, emphasizing their ecological significance.

Results
We analyzed the microbiome of A. marina from the Red Sea coast using high-throughput Illumina sequencing and culture-dependent methods across various compartments (bulk soil, rhizosphere, rhizoplane, roots, and leaves). Our findings revealed distinct compartment-specific microbial communities, with Proteobacteria being the dominant phylum. Functional predictions indicated diverse microbial roles in metal uptake and plant growth promotion (PGP). Remarkably, our culture-dependent methods allowed us to recover 56% of the bacterial diversity present in the microbiome, resulting in the isolation and characterization of 256 bacterial strains. These isolates were screened for PGP traits, including salt and heat tolerance, siderophore production, and pectinase activity. Out of the 77 bacterial isolates tested, 11 demonstrated a significant ability to enhance Arabidopsis growth under salt stress.

Conclusions
Our study highlights the ecological significance of mangrove microbiomes and the potential of culture collections in offering innovative solutions for ecological restoration and crop production in saline conditions. The unique collection of mangrove bacteria, particularly from the rhizosphere and endophytes, showcases significant PGP traits and stress tolerance capabilities. These findings emphasize the importance of functional traits, such as salt tolerance, in the recruitment of endophytic bacteria by plants over taxonomic affiliation. The identified bacterial strains hold potential not only for developing biofertilizers to improve crop productivity but also for ecological restoration projects aimed at rehabilitating saline-degraded lands, thereby contributing to overall ecosystem health and sustainability.
Adult and juvenile-onset inflammatory myopathy: autoantibodies and muscle MRI in a cohort of Egyptian patients
Authors: Eid Yosra Fahmy , Shehab Abeer Elsayed , Hussein Dahlia Abdel Mohsen , Fahmy Nagia Aly 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a group of autoimmune conditions primarily affecting the proximal muscles and can involve other organs, such as the skin, joints, and lungs. Many diagnostic and classification criteria have been suggested for myositis depending on the clinical picture, laboratory investigations, electromyography, muscle biopsy and, recently, myositis-specific antibodies, in our cross-sectional observational study we analyzed data of a cohort of 77 patients all of whom presented with clinical manifestations indicative of myositis. The investigations involved the detection of 17 myositis autoantibodies, aiming to detect the presence of those autoantibodies in a sample of adult and juvenile-onset myositis Egyptian patients. Additionally, whole-body muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), encompassing T1, T2 and STIR (short-tau inversion recovery) sequences, was performed.

Results
A total of 34 (44%) patients, comprising 23 adults and 11 juvenile-onset patients, exhibited positive results for myositis autoantibodies. In the adult group, dermatomyositis emerged as the predominant subtype, with a notable female sex predominance. In the juvenile group, overlap myositis was the most common antibody subtype, with a predominance of males. Detailed presentations of the clinical features, laboratory results, and MRI findings were obtained for both the adult and juvenile age groups.

Conclusion
Autoantibodies and MRI of muscles are important tools for the diagnosis of myositis subtypes in all patients with inflammatory myopathy, which paves the way for accurate diagnoses and therapies.
Essential neuromuscular advice for pathologists (first of two parts)
Authors: Cotta Ana , Carvalho Elmano , da-Cunha-Júnior Antonio Lopes , Antunes Julio Salgado , de Souza Francineide Sadala , de Moura Heveline Becker , de Brito Pinto Andreia Portilho , Valicek Jaquelin , Navarro Monica Machado , Godinho Frederico , da Silveira Eni Braga , Lima Maria Isabel , Cordeiro Bruno Arrivabene , Cauhi Alexandre Faleiros , Menezes Miriam Melo , Nunes-Neves Simone Vilela , Vargas Antonio Pedro , da-Silva-Neto Rafael Xavier , Giron Renata Lobo , Costa-e-Silva Cynthia , Takata Reinaldo Issao , Paim Julia Filardi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Neuromuscular disorders are characterized by disturbances in any part of the neurologic pathways, including: the Central Nervous System, the motor neuron of the anterior horn of the spinal cord; the peripheral nerve, the neuromuscular junction, and the muscle. Neuromuscular disorders are considered rare affections but when the prevalences of all subtypes are analysed together they may be encountered by general neurologists and pathologists. Therefore, basic knowledge in this field is necessary to timely guide serologic, molecular, or muscle biopsy investigation for appropriate treatment and/or genetic counselling.

Main body
The aims of this review are: (1) to briefly describe the prevalence of common neuromuscular disorders; (2) to present basic concepts of topographic neuromuscular diagnosis; (3) to provide essential information for pathologists about the diagnostic approach of common neuromuscular disorders; (4) to present basic concepts of muscle imaging for myopathologists; (5) to provide muscle imaging, and biopsy examples of common neuromuscular disorders.

Conclusion
A multiprofessional integrated approach is essential for precise neuromuscular diagnosis. Detailed clinical examination with the formulation of phenotypic hypothesis is the basis for appropriate diagnosis in the Surgical-Molecular Pathology era. Clinical, epidemiological, neurophysiological, laboratorial, imaging, molecular, and physiopathologic aspects are essential for adequate neuromuscular diagnosis.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin ameliorates inflammation and autophagy in mice hindlimb ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Mohammed Marwa Abdeltawab , Mohamed Dalia Abdel-Wahab , Zeid Asmaa A. Abo , Abdelmalak Marian F. L. , Mohamed Maha Tarek , Abdelrahim Dina Sayed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) for skeletal muscle usually results from vascular injuries or trauma. Sitagliptin (STG) is an effective member of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors drug family that plays roles in oxidative stress regulation, inflammation, and autophagy control. In this study, we evaluated the protective roles of STG against I/R of gastrocnemius muscle and the underlying mechanisms.

Materials and methods
Forty-eight mice were randomly allocated into three groups: Group I (n = 24): control group which was subdivided equally into subgroup IA; negative control, subgroup IB; sitagliptin (STG), Group II (n = 12): ischemia–reperfusion injury (I/R), and Group III (n = 12): sitagliptin pretreatment (300 mg/kg/ day; p.o.) for two weeks followed by ischemia–reperfusion injury (STG + I/R). We measured SOD activity and MDA level to assess oxidative stress. Moreover, GLP-1/p-PI3K/ p-AKT expression levels were investigated. Autophagy was estimated by assessing lncRNA H19, Beclin-1 and ATG7 expression by RT-qPCR analysis. Inflammatory markers were assessed by iNOS and NF‐κB expression using immunohistochemistry.

Results
Our results revealed that STG pretreatment significantly attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulated GLP-1, p-PI3K, and p-AKT protein levels. Also, LnRNA H19, Becline-1, and ATG7 mRNA expression were downregulated as well as decrease the expression of the inflammatory markers iNOS and NF‐κB with STG pretreatment.

Conclusion
Our results highlighted the useful effects of Sitagliptin during hind limb I/R that could be mediated by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and attenuation of excessive autophagy.
Empirical tests of the Marshall–Lerner condition: evidence from Egypt–BRICS commodity trade using ARDL approach
Authors: Soliman Hebatallah Ahmed 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study seeks to test the validity of the Marshall–Lerner (M-L) condition between Egypt and BRICS countries (five countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) to determine which industries will benefit from depreciation in the long run by employing the import and export models between Egypt and the BRICS countries at the bilateral and commodity levels by selecting 69 commodities according to the harmonized system (H.S.) 2-digits—these commodities represent a significant portion of Egypt–BRICS trade—and applying the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test over 2001–2022. The results indicate that the M-L condition is not met at the bilateral trade level. At the commodity level, the M-L condition is held only in 8 out of 69 industries. Egypt has a comparative advantage in five of these eight industries—coded 17, 32, 55, 62, and 96—while 71, 79, and 84 have a comparative disadvantage. However, all these industries’ sizes, reflected by their trade share in 2022, are small. The paper builds on previous theoretical and empirical work in this field and fills a knowledge gap by examining the M-L condition in Egypt–BRICS trade. Moreover, addressing aggregation bias through disaggregated analysis—at the bilateral level as well as at the commodity level—the study results may motivate the government and policymakers to ask for more consideration of the structure of Egypt’s exports and imports with BRICS countries to capture the benefits of devaluation and joining the BRICS bloc and provide comprehensive backing for the industries where the M-L condition was met.
Antipsychotic medications and risk of respiratory failure in the respiratory high dependency unit
Authors: Winter Sara , Kirkpatrick Tara , Winckel Karl , Honarparvar Faraz , Robinson Lewis , Tanzer Timothy , Smith Lesley , Warren Nicola , Siskind Dan , Ellender Claire Michelle 
Published: December 2024

Background
There is a high incidence of serious mental illness (SMI) and antipsychotic use in the respiratory high dependence unit (HDU) compared with the general population. However, there is a paucity of data in the extant literature evaluating the relationships between respiratory failure and antipsychotics.

Aims
To investigate the relationship between antipsychotics and respiratory failure in people admitted to a respiratory HDU, and to gain a better understanding of the potential impact of antipsychotic medications on respiratory outcomes.

Method
Medical, demographic and clinical outcome data were collected for a consecutive sample of 638 individuals admitted to a respiratory HDU between the dates 1 January 2018 and 29 May 2021 at a large quaternary hospital.

Results
Multivariate models controlling for confounders found that antipsychotic medications increased risk of admission for type 2 respiratory failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation without hypercapnia by 3.7 and 11.45 times, respectively. For people admitted with type 2 respiratory failure, antipsychotic use increased the risk of requiring non-invasive ventilation by 4.9 times. Those prescribed an antipsychotic were more likely to be readmitted within 30 days. Over 30% of individuals were prescribed antipsychotics for an unlicensed indication.

Conclusions
Poor respiratory outcomes may be a previously unknown adverse drug reaction of antipsychotics. Modifications to clinical care and clinical pathways for those with SMI prescribed antipsychotic medications, including optimising their chronic health and deprescribing where appropriate, should be prioritised.
Gender inequalities in the disruption of long-term life satisfaction trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of time use: evidence from a prospective cohort study
Authors: Moreno-Agostino Darío , Chanfreau Jenny , Knowles Gemma , Pelikh Alina , Das-Munshi Jayati , Ploubidis George B. 
Published: December 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected women's mental health. However, most evidence has focused on mental illbeing outcomes, and there is little evidence on the mechanisms underlying this unequal impact.

Aims
To investigate gender differences in the long-term trajectories of life satisfaction, how these were affected during the pandemic and the role of time-use differences in explaining gender inequalities.

Method
We used data from 6766 (56.2% women) members of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). Life satisfaction was prospectively assessed between the ages of 26 (1996) and 51 (2021) years, using a single question with responses ranging from 0 (lowest) to 10 (highest). We analysed life satisfaction trajectories with piecewise latent growth curve models, and investigated whether gender differences in the change in the life satisfaction trajectories with the pandemic were explained by self-reported time spent doing different paid and unpaid activities.

Results
Women had consistently higher life satisfaction than men before the pandemic (Δintercept,unadjusted = 0.213, 95% CI 0.087–0.340; P = 0.001) and experienced a more accelerated decline with the pandemic onset (Δquad2,unadjusted = −0.018, 95% CI −0.026 to −0.011; P < 0.001). Time-use differences did not account for the more accelerated decrease in women's life satisfaction levels with the pandemic (Δquad2,adjusted = −0.016, 95% CI −0.031 to −0.001; P = 0.035).

Conclusions
Our study shows pronounced gender inequalities in the impact of the pandemic on the long-term life satisfaction trajectories of adults in their 50s, with women losing their pre-pandemic advantage over men. Self-reported time-use differences did not account for these inequalities. More research is needed to tackle gender inequalities in population mental health.
A Research Note on Maternity Leave and Children's Outcomes: The Case of Parental Teachers
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Viet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research note examines the long-term effect of female teachers’ longer maternity leave on children's education and disability in Vietnam. Having a child a few months before or just after the summer vacation can increase paid leave for female teachers. Using variation in months of childbirth and applying difference-in-differences with family fixed-effect estimators, I find that female teachers in Vietnam tend to avoid giving birth during summer vacation. In the long run, longer maternity leave is positively associated with their children's education and negatively associated with the probability of child disability.