bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A severity comparison of leukoaraiosis in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: a retrospective study
Authors: Søfteland Bendik , Leto Nedim , Næss Halvor 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionLeukoaraiosis (LA) is a common neuroradiological finding in patients suffering from stroke. Cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD) is one of the primary causes of both ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke (intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH) and the development of LA. Significant evidence that LA predicts the risk of functional dependency and mortality exists. However, studies examining the difference in LA severity between ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke are lacking. We therefore aimed to compare the severity and abundance of LA in the two stroke subgroups.MethodsAll patients admitted to the Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, with an ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) stroke diagnosed between 2006 and 2020 were included in the study. We collected patient data on risk factors and clinical and radiological findings and outcomes from our local stroke registry. The presence and severity of LA were assessed using the Fazekas score based on CT imaging. We evaluated the outcome using the modified Rankin Score (mRS) 7 days post-stroke.ResultsA total of 5,084 patients were included in our analyses: 4437 (87%) with ischemic stroke and 647 (13%) with ICH. LA was present in 2476 (45%) patients. In our ordinal logistic regression model, adjusting for age, sex, known hypertension, known diabetes mellitus, and smoking, LA was more severe and more abundant in ICH patients compared to ischemic stroke patients (Fazekas score: 1, OR: 1.54; Fazekas score: 2, OR: 1.88; and Fazekas score: 3, OR 2.13; p &lt; 0.001). Increasing severity of LA was associated with worse functional outcomes in both groups (ischemic stroke, OR: 1.49; p &lt; 0.001 and ICH, OR: 1.36; p &lt; 0.025).ConclusionIn this study, LA was more severe and abundant in patients with ICH.
Model of superior semicircular canal dehiscence: asymmetrical vestibular dysfunction induces reversible balance impairment
Authors: Hong Sean S. , Wackym P. Ashley , Murphy Damian J. , Peci Eran , Kiel Matthew Y. , Tucker Aaron , Carayannopoulos Nicolas L. , Chandrasekar Shrivaishnavi C. , Suresh Nikhil , Utku Umut A. , Yao Justin D. , Mowery Todd M. 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundSuperior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a vestibular-cochlear disorder in humans in which a pathological third mobile window of the otic capsule creates changes to the flow of sound pressure energy through the perilymph/endolymph. The primary symptoms include sound-induced dizziness/vertigo, inner ear conductive hearing loss, autophony, headaches, and visual problems. We have developed an animal model of this human condition in the Mongolian Gerbil that uses surgically created SSCD to induce the condition. A feature that is unique in this model is that spontaneous resurfacing of the dehiscence occurs via osteoneogenesis without a subsequent intervention. In this study, we completed our assessment of this model to include reversible asymmetrical vestibular impairments that interfere with balance.MethodsAdult Mongolian gerbils (N = 6) were trained to complete a balance beam task. They were also trained to perform a Rotarod task. After 10 days of training, preoperative ABR and c+VEMP testing was followed by a surgical fenestration of the left superior semicircular canal. Balance beam testing recommenced at postoperative day 6 and continued through postoperative day 15 at which point final ABR and c+VEMP testing was carried out.ResultsBehavioral comparison of preoperative and postoperative performance show a significant decrease in Rotarod performance, increased rates of falling, and an increase in time to cross the balance beam. Impairments were the most significant at postoperative day 7 with a return toward preoperative performance by postoperative day 14. This behavioral impairment was correlated with residual impairments to auditory thresholds and vestibular myogenic amplitudes at postoperative day 14.ConclusionThese results confirm that aberrant asymmetric vestibular output in our model of SSCD results in reversible balance impairments. The level of these behavioral impairments is directly correlated with severity of the vestibular dysfunction as we have previously reported for peripheral ear physiology and cognition.
Initiation response, maximized therapeutic efficacy, and post-treatment effects of biological targeted therapies in myasthenia gravis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Huahua , Li Zhijun , Li Xicheng , Wu Zongtai , Yan Chong , Luo Sushan , Zhao Chongbo 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAs targeted drug development in myasthenia gravis (MG) continues to advance, it is important to compare the efficacy of these drugs for better clinical decision-making. However, due to the varied regimens and dosages used in clinical trials for different drugs, a standardized comparison between them is necessary.MethodsThis study enrolled participants in phase II and III trials of innovative targeted drugs for MG. The primary outcome was the change in Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score (MG-QMG) from baseline. The efficacy of all drugs at four time points was separately analyzed at four time points: initiation 1 week, initiation 4 weeks, maximized response, and post last dose 4 weeks. A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the results of the different drugs.ResultsA total of 9 drugs, including Efgartigimod, Rozanolixizumab, Batoclimab, Eculizumab, Belimumab, Zilucoplan, Ravulizumab, Nipocalimab, Rituximab, derived from 12 studies were analyzed. At the initiation 1-week time point, three drugs exhibited significant improvement compared to the placebo effect: Efgartigimod, Zilucoplan, Rozanolixizumab. At the initiation 4-week time point, four drugs showed significant improvement compared to the placebo effect: Efgartigimod, Rozanolixizumab, Batoclimab, Zilucoplan. At the maximized response time point, six drugs achieved significant improvement compared to the placebo effect: Efgartigimod, Rozanolixizumab, Batoclimab, Eculizumab, Zilucoplan, Ravulizumab. At the post last dose 4-week point, all drugs statistically showed no significant difference from the placebo.ConclusionAlthough the MG subtypes were not consistent across trials, within the regimen design of each trial, neonatal Fc receptor inhibitors—represented by Efgartigimod, Rozanolixizumab, and Batoclimab—exhibited the most effective response rates when compared to complement and B-cell inhibitor drugs.
Krill oil supplementation in vivo promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in cultured human skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Katare Parmeshwar B. , Dalmao-Fernandez Andrea , Mengeste Abel M. , Navabakbar Farnaz , Hamarsland Håvard , Ellefsen Stian , Berge Rolf K. , Bakke Hege G. , Nyman Tuula Anneli , Kase Eili Tranheim , Rustan Arild C. , Thoresen G. Hege 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionKrill oil is a dietary supplement derived from Antarctic krill; a small crustacean found in the ocean. Krill oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, as well as the antioxidant astaxanthin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of krill oil supplementation, compared to placebo oil (high oleic sunflower oil added astaxanthin), in vivo on energy metabolism and substrate turnover in human skeletal muscle cells.MethodsSkeletal muscle cells (myotubes) were obtained before and after a 7-week krill oil or placebo oil intervention, and glucose and oleic acid metabolism and leucine accumulation, as well as effects of different stimuli in vitro, were studied in the myotubes. The functional data were combined with proteomic and transcriptomic analyses.ResultsIn vivo intervention with krill oil increased oleic acid oxidation and leucine accumulation in skeletal muscle cells, however no effects were observed on glucose metabolism. The krill oil-intervention-induced increase in oleic acid oxidation correlated negatively with changes in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration. In addition, myotubes were also exposed to krill oil in vitro. The in vitro study revealed that 24 h of krill oil treatment increased both glucose and oleic acid metabolism in myotubes, enhancing energy substrate utilization. Transcriptomic analysis comparing myotubes obtained before and after krill oil supplementation identified differentially expressed genes associated with e.g., glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, metabolic pathways and calcium signaling pathway, while proteomic analysis demonstrated upregulation of e.g., LDL-receptor in myotubes obtained after the krill oil intervention.ConclusionThese findings suggest that krill oil intervention promotes increased fuel metabolism and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle cells, with potential implications for metabolic health.
Response to furmonertinib in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer harboring HER2 exon 21 insertion mutation: a case report
Authors: Ni Chunxiao , Zhang Ling , Yu Xin , Pang Yu , Xu Jiaju 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThis is the first case report describing a patient with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring two rare human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) exon 21 insertion mutations, who responded to furmonertinib treatment. Furmonertinib maybe one effective and economical treatment for NSCLC patients harboring HER2 mutations with minor side effects.Case descriptionWe present a case report of a 49-year-old female diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma who complained of irritating dry cough symptoms followed by chest tightness. Firstly, we describe the patient’s treatment history, including failed third-line combination treatments of systemic chemotherapy with bevacizumab or carrelizumab or anlotinib, primary lung tumor recurrence, bilateral lung metastases progression, and new brain metastatic lesion detection. Next, we detail the patient’s fourth-line treatment with radiotherapy for brain metastases and two cycles of bevacizumab plus Abraxane and cisplatin, however, the disease progressed and relapsed. After that, comprehensive genomic profiling revealed two HER2 exon 21 insertion mutations. Subsequently, the patient received targeted therapy with furmonertinib and achieved 11 months of progression-free survival. The patient received pyrrotinib therapy for 2 months after disease progression, but the disease continued to progress. In October 2023, the patient received therapy with furmonertinib again, and a month later, the disease went into partial remission. However, the patient died due to hypoproteinemia combined with severe pneumonia in December 2023.ConclusionFurmonertinib may be effective for NSCLC patients with HER2 T8962A and L869R mutations and further studies are needed to confirm these results in prospective clinical trials.
Meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of exosomal microRNAs in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Qingru , Tian Jing , Chen Cuiqing , Liu Hong , Li Binyi 
Published: October 2024

AimThis meta-analysis aims to evaluate the potential of exosomal microRNAs(Exo-miRs) as diagnostic biomarkers for renal cell carcinoma(RCC).MethodsClinical studies reporting the use of Exo-miRs in the diagnosis of RCC were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed). After relevant data were screened and extracted, the quality of the included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. The Meta-disc (version 1.4) software was used to analyze the heterogeneity of threshold/non-threshold effects in the included studies. The Stata MP (version 16.0) software was used to calculate sensitivity(Sen), specificity(Spe), positive likelihood ratio(+LR), negative likelihood ratio(-LR), area under the curve(AUC), diagnostic odds ratio(DOR), and publication bias.ResultsA total of 11 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.319 (P = 0.075; &gt;0.05), indicating no threshold effects. The pooled Sen, Spe, +LR, -LR, DOR, and AUC were 0.73 (95% CI, 0.68–0.78), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.76–0.85), 3.80 (95% CI, 3.02–4.77), 0.33 (95% CI, 0.28–0.40), 11.48 (95% CI, 8.27–15.95), and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.80–0.87), respectively. No publication bias was detected among the included studies.ConclusionThe expression of Exo-miRs plays an important role in the diagnosis of RCC. However, owing to the limited number of included studies and heterogeneity among them, further clinical research is necessary to verify the findings of this meta-analysis.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023445956.
Effectiveness of partial splenic embolization in colorectal cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia: results of a single institution retrospective study
Authors: Li Dan , Peng Tao , Wu Ke-tong , Huang Yu-ting , Liu Yang , Wan Yuan , Zhang Bo 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of partial splenic embolization (PSE) in treating chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) in patients with colorectal cancer who failed to respond to platelet growth factor therapy.Methods56 patients who underwent PSE were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the inclusion and the exclusion criteria, 29 patients were eligible for the study, of whom one underwent twice PSE procedures due to recurrent thrombocytopenia. The clinical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed with respect to efficacy, safety and outcome.Results60.0% of patients restarted antineoplastic therapy after PSE. There was a positive correlation between difference value of platelet count and embolization material size (Eta Squared = 0.252, p &lt; 0.05). The correlation between the absolute volume of spleen embolized and postoperative complications was analyzed, with a statistically significant result (p &lt; 0.001). The mean preoperative spleen volume, the preoperative platelet count, postoperative platelet count and difference value of platelet count in the non-cirrhotic group were larger than those in the cirrhotic group (p &lt; 0.001). The mean overall survival was 47.7 ± 7.7 months.ConclusionPSE is safe and effective in the treatment of CIT patients with colorectal cancer. The larger the embolized particle, the more platelets grew. The severity of complication was also positively correlated with the absolute volume of spleen embolized. Therefore, large particle embolization materials can be used to improve the efficacy of PSE and reduce complications. For CIT patients with cirrhosis, PSE was less effective in improving platelet count than those without cirrhosis.
Fluid deresuscitation in critically ill children: comparing perspectives of intensivists and nephrologists
Authors: Braun Chloe G. , Askenazi David J. , Neyra Javier A. , Prabhakaran Priya , Rahman A. K. M. Fazlur , Webb Tennille N. , Odum James D. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionFluid accumulation, presently defined as a pathologic state of overhydration/volume overload associated with clinical impact, is common and associated with worse outcomes. At times, deresuscitation, the active removal of fluid via diuretics or ultrafiltration, is necessary. There is no consensus regarding deresuscitation in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Little is known regarding perceptions and practices among pediatric intensivists and nephrologists regarding fluid provision and deresuscitation.MethodsCross-sectional electronic survey of pediatric nephrologists and intensivists from academic societies in the United States designed to better understand fluid management between disciplines. A clinical vignette was used to characterize the perceptions of optimal timing and method of deresuscitation initiation at four timepoints that correspond to different stages of shock.ResultsIn total, 179 respondents (140 intensivists, 39 nephrologists) completed the survey. Most 75.4% (135/179) providers believe discussing fluid balance and initiating fluid deresuscitation in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients is “very important”. The first clinical vignette time point (corresponding to resuscitation phase of early shock) had the most dissimilarity between intensivists and nephrologists (p = 0.01) with regards to initiation of deresuscitation. However, providers demonstrated increasing agreement in their responses to initiate deresuscitation as the clinical vignette progressed. Compared to intensivists, nephrologists were more likely to choose “dialysis or ultrafiltration” as a deresuscitation method during the optimization [10.3 vs. 2.9% (p = 0.07)], stabilization [18.0% vs. 3.6% (p &lt; 0.01)], and evacuation [48.7% vs. 23.6% (p &lt; 0.01)] phases of shock. Conversely, intensivists were more likely to utilize scheduled diuretics than nephrologists [47.1% vs. 28.2% (p = 0.04)] later on in the patient course.DiscussionMost physicians believe that discussing fluid balance and deresuscitation is important. Nevertheless, when to initiate deresuscitation and how to accomplish it differed between nephrologist and intensivists. Widely understood and operationalizable definitions, further research, and eventually evidence-based guidelines are needed to help guide care.
Machine learning methods for propensity and disease risk score estimation in high-dimensional data: a plasmode simulation and real-world data cohort analysis
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Strauss Victoria Y. , Català Martí , Jödicke Annika M. , Khalid Sara , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionMachine learning (ML) methods are promising and scalable alternatives for propensity score (PS) estimation, but their comparative performance in disease risk score (DRS) estimation remains unexplored.MethodsWe used real-world data comparing antihypertensive users to non-users with 69 negative control outcomes, and plasmode simulations to study the performance of ML methods in PS and DRS estimation. We conducted a cohort study using UK primary care records. Further, we conducted a plasmode simulation with synthetic treatment and outcome mimicking empirical data distributions. We compared four PS and DRS estimation methods: 1. Reference: Logistic regression including clinically chosen confounders. 2. Logistic regression with L1 regularisation (LASSO). 3. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP). 4. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XgBoost). Covariate balance, coverage of the null effect of negative control outcomes (real-world data) and bias based on the absolute difference between observed and true effects (for plasmode) were estimated. 632,201 antihypertensive users and nonusers were included.ResultsML methods outperformed the reference method for PS estimation in some scenarios, both in terms of covariate balance and coverage/bias. Specifically, XgBoost achieved the best performance. DRS-based methods performed worse than PS in all tested scenarios.DiscussionWe found that ML methods could be reliable alternatives for PS estimation. ML-based DRS methods performed worse than PS ones, likely given the rarity of outcomes.
Adverse event profile of albumin-bound paclitaxel: a real-world pharmacovigilance analysis
Authors: Duan Yuanqiong , Wang Ying , Lu Shentao , Zeng Mei , Liu Lubin , Dai Qian , Yin Rutie 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundAbraxane plays a crucial role in the treatment of various types of cancer, despite the considerable attention it has garnered for its adverse drug events (ADEs). Nevertheless, there is currently a significant lack of comprehensive real-world pharmacovigilance studies on the ADEs associated with Abraxane.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of ADEs associated with Abraxane using data mining from the FAERS database, analyzing data from 2005 to 2023. In a real-world setting, we quantified and visualized the signals of these ADEs using four pharmacovigilance algorithms.ResultsThe FAERS database identified a total of 10,230 adverse event reports associated with Abraxane. The study revealed that Abraxane-related adverse drug events involved 27 system organ classes (SOC), with the strongest signals associated with the lymphatic and hematological systems and hepatobiliary disorders. Additionally, we identified 70 significant Preferred Terms (PT) signals, which included some critical adverse events not highlighted in the product labeling, such as cystoid macular edema. Further analysis of the timing of adverse reactions showed a median onset time of 41 days. Most adverse events (AEs) occurred within the first month of using Abraxane (43.5%), although some were still possible 1 year after treatment (3.5%). Gender-specific analysis indicated that high-risk AEs differed between females (nausea, vomiting, and erythema) and males (febrile neutropenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding).ConclusionThe examined results provide crucial recommendations for optimizing the administration of Abraxane, enhancing its effectiveness, and mitigating potential adverse effects. This knowledge will substantially facilitate the implementation of the substance in clinical settings.
Accumulation of coumaric acid is a key factor in tobacco continuous cropping obstacles
Authors: Jia Meng , Wang Xingsong , Zhu Xuanquan , Du Yu , Zhou Peng , Wang Ge , Wang Na , Bai Yuxiang 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionPhenolic acids are believed to play a significant role in tobacco continuous cropping obstacles, but the strength and potential mechanisms of different phenolic acids remain unclear.MethodsThis study evaluated the allelopathic effects of six phenolic acids that exhibited cumulative effects in our previous research. Different concentrations of phenolic acids with the strongest allelopathic effects were added to potting soil to explore their impacts on tobacco growth and physiological characteristics, as well as on soil chemical properties and microbial community structure. ResultsThe results showed that coumaric acid exhibited the strongest direct allelopathic effect. Exogenous coumaric acid significantly reduced soil pH and shifted the soil microbial community from bacteria-dominated to fungi-dominated. Simultaneously, the abundance of bacteria related to nutrient utilization (e.g., Flavisolibacter, Methylobacterium) and fungi related to disease resistance (e.g., Fusicolla, Clonostachys) gradually decreased, along with a reduction in soil catalase, urease, invertase, and acid phosphatase activities. Leaf MDA levels increased continuously with higher concentrations of coumaric acid, while the root resistance hormone (jasmonic acid and the jasmonate-isoleucine complex) levels show the opposite trend.DiscussionCoumaric acid may inhibit tobacco growth by influencing the physiological processes in tobacco plants directly and the broader soil microecological balance indirectly. This study provides theoretical guidance for precise mitigation of continuous cropping obstacles in future tobacco cultivation.