bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meeting the needs of young adults with life‐limiting conditions: A UK survey of current provision and future challenges for hospices
Authors: Knighting Katherine , Bray Lucy , Downing Julia , Kirkcaldy Andrew J , Mitchell Tracy K , O'Brien Mary R , Pilkington Melissa , Jack Barbara A 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to seek views of UK children's and adult hospices on the availability and challenges of providing services for young adults with life‐limiting conditions.BackgroundInternationally, there are a growing number of young adults with life‐limiting conditions and/or complex needs which are degenerative, progressive and diverse and involve complex life‐long symptom, medication management as well as palliative care. There are 55,721 young adults, aged 18–40 in England, which continues to increase. The hospice sector is experiencing demands to extend services for this population despite concerns about the appropriateness of adult hospices and their nursing staff to provide care for the complex and unfamiliar conditions of this patient group. Evidence is needed of hospices’ views and the main challenges faced providing services for young adults.DesignDescriptive cross‐sectional survey.MethodsxChildren and adult hospices completed an online survey exploring service provision and their views of respite care for young adults with life‐limiting conditions from 18 years old and onward. Data were collected between October 2015 ‐ February 2016.FindingsRespondents (N = 76 hospices) reported that children's hospices predominantly provided short breaks and end‐of‐life care; adult hospices provided mainly symptom management, end‐of‐life care and day services. Main challenges were lack of existing adult respite services; lack of funding and capacity; lack of a skilled workforce in adult hospices; and the need for better integrated service provision.ConclusionExamples of good collaborative working were reported. With an increasing population of young adults and pressure on families, it is vital that services work together to find sustainable solutions to the challenges.
The prevalence and characteristics of coexisted atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and idiopathic left fascicular ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Chung Fa‐Po , Van Ba Vu , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Lin Chin‐Yu , Hsieh Ming‐Hsiung , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundCoexistence of idiopathic left fascicular ventricular tachycardia (ILFVT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) has been rarely reported.ObjectivesThe study aimed at elucidating the prevalence of coexisted AVNRT in patients with ILFVT during longitudinal follow‐up. The electrophysiological properties and clinical predictors of coexisted ILFVT and AVNRT were investigated.MethodsFrom 1999 to 2017, a total of 108 patients (age: 33.7 ± 14.3, 84 male) with ILFVT from one tertiary center were consecutively enrolled. The prevalence of coexisted arrhythmias was explored during a longitudinal follow‐up and the electrophysiological parameters from the index procedure were compared.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 106.8 ± 69.5 months, 21 of 108 patients (19.4%) had coexisted AVNRT. The electrophysiological study demonstrated patients with coexisted ILFVT and AVNRT were characterized by more antegrade dual AV node conduction (52.4% vs. 19.5%, P = 0.002; 9.5%), shorter antegrade slow pathway effective refractory period (285.1 ± 34.1 ms vs. 329.2 ± 69.2 ms, P = 0.034), longer retrograde fast pathway effective refractory period (368.9 ± 56.7 ms vs. 312.5 ± 95.2, P = 0.036), and less VA dissociation (19.0% vs. 60.9%, P = 0.001) than those without a coexisted AVNRT. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that presence of antegrade dual AV nodal physiology and retrograde VA conduction could predict a coexisted AVNRT in patients with ILFVT (P = 0.005, OR: 4.80, 95% CI: 1.65–14.37 and P = 0.002, OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.04–0.49, respectively).ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of coexisted AVNRT in patients with ILFVT during longitudinal follow‐up. The presence of antegrade dual AV nodal physiology and retrograde VA conduction can predict the coexisted AVNRT in patients with ILFVT.
How do stimulant treatments for ADHD work? Evidence for mediation by improved cognition
Authors: Hawk Larry W. , Fosco Whitney D. , Colder Craig R. , Waxmonsky James G. , Pelham William E. , Rosch Keri S. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundStimulant medications such as methylphenidate (MPH) are the frontline treatment for Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Despite their well‐documented efficacy, the mechanisms by which stimulants improve clinical outcomes are not clear. The current study evaluated whether MPH effects on classroom behavior were mediated by improved cognitive functioning.MethodsChildren with ADHD (n = 82; 9–12 years old) participated in a week‐long summer research camp, consisting of cognitive testing, classroom periods, and recreational activities. After a baseline day, participants completed a 3‐day randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of MPH (at doses approximating 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg of immediate‐release MPH dosed TID). Cognitive domains included inhibitory control (Stop Signal Task and prepulse inhibition of startle), attention (Continuous Performance Task and reaction time variability), and working memory (forward and backward spatial span). Clinical outcomes included math seatwork productivity and teacher‐rated classroom behavior. A within‐subjects path‐analytic approach was used to test mediation. MPH‐placebo and dose–response contrasts were used to evaluate drug effects.ResultsMethylphenidate improved seatwork productivity and teacher ratings (ds = 1.4 and 1.1) and all domains of cognition (ds = 0.3–1.1). Inhibitory control (Stop Signal Task, SST) and working memory backward uniquely mediated the effect of MPH (vs. placebo) on productivity. Only working memory backward mediated the impact of MPH on teacher‐rated behavior. The dose–response (0.6 vs. 0.3 mg/kg) effects were more modest for clinical outcomes (ds = 0.4 and 0.2) and cognition (ds = 0–0.3); there was no evidence of cognitive mediation of the clinical dose–response effects.ConclusionsThese findings are novel in demonstrating that specific cognitive processes mediate clinical improvement with stimulant treatment for ADHD. They converge with work on ADHD theory, neurobiology, and treatment development in suggesting that inhibitory control and working memory may be mechanisms of stimulant treatment response in ADHD. More work is necessary to evaluate the degree to which these findings generalize to chronic treatment, a broader array of clinical outcomes, and nonstimulant treatments.
Decreased placental and muscular expression of the fibroblast growth factor 19 in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wang Dongyu , Xu Shuqia , Ding Wenjing , Zhu Caixia , Deng Songqing , Qiu Xiwen , Wang Zilian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionFibroblast growth factor (FGF)19 has been shown to improve glycemic homeostasis and lipid metabolism in animal models. In humans, decreased FGF19 level has been described in diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of FGF19 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients.Materials and MethodsSamples for measurement were obtained from 20 women with GDM and 25 healthy controls. The messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels of FGF19, FGF21 and co‐receptor β‐klotho (KLB) in the placenta, rectus muscle and subcutaneous fat tissues were quantified by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively.ResultsWomen with GDM had significantly lower mRNA and protein expressions of FGF19 than control women in the placenta (mRNA 0.33 ± 0.05 vs 0.72 ± 0.09; protein 0.34 ± 0.13 vs 0.85 ± 0.20) and rectus muscle (mRNA 0.83 ± 0.11 vs 1.28 ± 0.19; protein 0.78 ± 0.24 vs 1.23 ± 0.39). However, there were no significant differences between GDM women and controls with respect to the expression levels of FGF21 and β‐klotho in the placenta and rectus muscle. There were almost no detectable FGF19 and FGF21 expressions in subcutaneous fat tissue. Furthermore, β‐klotho expression levels were not different between the GDM and control group in subcutaneous fat.ConclusionsFGF19 expressions are decreased in the placenta and rectus muscle of women with GDM. This might contribute to the pathophysiology or development of GDM.
Phytochemical variation mediates the susceptibility of insect herbivores to entomoviruses
Authors: Wan N.‐F. , Li X. , Guo L. , Ji X.‐Y. , Zhang H. , Chen Y.‐J. , Jiang J.‐X. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt has been reported that the susceptibility of insect herbivores to entomoviruses is affected by phytochemicals ingested during the acquisition of viral inoculum on the foliage of host plants. However, the relationship between this susceptibility and phytochemicals is poorly understood. To test this hypothesis of plant‐mediated effects on this susceptibility, we measured the effects of foliage from three plants, soybeans (Glycine max), collards (Brassica oleracea) and water convolvuluses (Ipomoea aquatica), on the susceptibility of larval beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) to nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), and analysed six foliar chemicals (total phenolics, peroxidase [POD], catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], endochitinase and exochitinase) in the three plants, respectively. The results of exponential modelling indicated that the LD50s (median lethal dose) of NPV to larvae increased with the increase in both phenolics and POD but declined with the increase in four other foliar chemicals, while the opposite trend was found between median lethal time (LT50) of NPV and the six foliar chemicals. This study reveals that phenolics and POD decrease host susceptibility to the entomoviruses and that CAT, SOD, endochitinase and exochitinase increase this susceptibility.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic extraction of walnut kernel oil using response surface methodology
Authors: Ghasemi Yasamin Zahra , Taghian Dinani Somayeh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, ultrasound‐assisted enzymatic technique was investigated using n‐hexane solvent for walnut oil extraction. To achieve this goal, ultrasonic pre‐treatment time (0–70 min) and enzymatic extracting conditions; namely, cellulase concentration (0–2 %) and incubation time (60–240 min) were optimized using response surface methodology. The optimal ultrasonic‐enzymatic extraction treatment using n‐hexane solvent was 47.37 min ultrasonic time, 2.00 % cellulase concentration and 110.91 min incubation time. This treatment resulted in significantly more EY (p≤0.001), TPC (p≤0.001) and IV (p≤0.01) and low level of PV (p≤0.01) of extracted walnut oil, compared to stirring incubation extraction using n‐hexane solvent, ultrasound‐assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction, and aqueous stirring incubation extraction treatments. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy showed higher content of unsaturated fatty acids of extracted oil; and scanning electron microscopy showed more pores and interspaces of walnut powder residues of optimal ultrasonic‐enzymatic extraction using n‐hexane solvent than those of stirring incubation treatment using n‐hexane solvent.Practical applicationsThe ultrasonic‐enzymatic technique using n‐hexane solvent can improve the extraction yield, total phenolic content and iodine value of extracted walnut oil. The extracted walnut oil had more poly‐unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acid and linoleic acid) than that obtained by stirring incubation method using n‐hexane solvent. Thus, the results illustrated that this method was a promising extraction method for more extraction yield of walnut oil with high quality.
Language development in deaf or hard‐of‐hearing children with additional disabilities: type matters!
Authors: Cupples L. , Ching T. Y. C. , Leigh G. , Martin L. , Gunnourie M. , Button L. , Marnane V. , Hou S. , Zhang V. , Flynn C. , Van Buynder P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined language development in young children with hearing loss and different types of additional disabilities (ADs).MethodA population‐based cohort of 67 children who were enrolled in the Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Hearing Impairment study took part. Language ability was directly assessed at 3 and 5 years of age using the Preschool Language Scale, Fourth Edition and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Fourth Edition. Standard scores were used to enable comparison with age‐based expectations for typically developing children.ResultsAnalysis of variance showed that, across the total cohort, children's language scores remained stable over the 2‐year period. However, this overall stability masked a significant difference between children with different types of ADs; in particular, children with autism, cerebral palsy and/or developmental delay showed a decline in standard scores, whereas children with other disabilities showed a relative improvement. In addition, larger improvements in receptive vocabulary were associated with use of oral communication only.ConclusionsThe results suggest that type of AD can be used to gauge expected language development in the population of children with hearing loss and ADs when formal assessment of cognitive ability is not feasible.
Microsampling Lu–Hf geochronology on mm‐sized garnet in eclogites constrains early garnet growth and timing of tectonometamorphism in the North Qilian orogenic belt
Authors: Cheng Hao , Zhou Ying , Du Kai‐Yang , Zhang Ling‐Min , Lu Tian‐Yi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study presents Lu–Hf geochronology of zoned garnet in high‐P eclogites from the North Qilian orogenic belt. Selected samples have ~mm‐sized garnet grains that have been sampled with a micro‐drill and analysed for dating. The Lu–Hf dates of bulk garnet separates, micro‐drilled garnet cores and the remnant, rim‐enriched garnet were determined by two‐point isochrons, with cores being consistently older than the bulk‐ and rim‐enriched garnet. The bulk garnet separates of each sample define identical garnet–whole rock isochron date of c. 457 Ma. Consistent U–Pb zircon dates of 455 ± 8 Ma were obtained from the eclogite. The Lu–Hf dates of the drilled cores and rim‐rich separates suggest a minimum garnet growth interval of 468.9 ± 2.4 and 452.1 ± 1.6 Ma. Major and Lu element profiles in the majority of garnet grains show well‐preserved Rayleigh‐style fractionated bell‐shaped Mn and Lu zoning profiles, and increasing Mg from core to rim. Pseudosection modelling indicates that garnet grew along a P–T path from ~470–525°C and ~2.4–2.6 GPa. The exceptional high‐Mn garnet core in one sample indicates an early growth during epidote–blueschist facies metamorphism at <460°C and <0.8 GPa. Therefore, the Lu–Hf dates of drilled cores record the early prograde garnet growth, whereas the Lu–Hf dates of rim‐rich fractions provide a maximum age for the end of garnet growth. The microsampling approach applied in this study can be broadly used in garnet‐bearing rocks, even those without extremely large garnet crystals, in an attempt to retrieve the early metamorphic timing recorded in older garnet cores. Given a proper selection of the drill bit size and a detailed crystal size distribution analysis, the cores of the mm‐sized garnet in most metamorphic rocks can be dated to yield critical constraints on the early timing of metamorphism. This study provides new crucial constraints on the timing of the initial subduction (before c. 469 Ma) and the ultimate closure (earlier than c. 452 Ma) of the fossil Qilian oceanic basin.
Recognition and Treatment of Sepsis in Pregnancy
Authors: Kendle Anthony M. , Louis Judette 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSepsis that occurs in the context of pregnancy is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality. International and multidisciplinary organizations have advocated for expedient diagnosis and initiation of treatment in patients with sepsis. However, the physiologic changes of pregnancy complicate both identification and treatment of maternal sepsis. This article describes a case of a woman presenting with symptoms of sepsis progressing to septic shock. Strategies for identifying and treating women with presumed sepsis are reviewed, and recent data regarding maternal and fetal outcomes are discussed.
Too anxious to help? Off‐job affective rumination as a linking mechanism between work anxiety and helping
Authors: Calderwood Charles , Bennett Andrew A. , Gabriel Allison S. , Trougakos John P. , Dahling Jason J. 
Published: May 2018

This study explores the inter‐relationships of work anxiety, affective rumination, and helping behaviours. Drawing on the effort–recovery model and resource depletion perspectives to extra‐role behaviours, we hypothesized that employees with higher work anxiety would affectively ruminate about work during off‐job time, which in turn would diminish their helping behaviours at work. Results of a multisource, time‐lagged study with 167 full‐time employee‐co‐worker dyads supported this indirect effect model. The results of this study extend research on work anxiety to encompass extra‐role behaviours and indicate the value of exploring leisure time experiences as linking mechanisms in the work anxiety–job performance relationship.Practitioner points

We identify affective rumination during off‐job time as a mechanism linking work anxiety to employee helping behaviours.

Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce work anxiety and encourage effective employee recovery may yield more helping behaviours at work.
Dietary Biotin Requirement of Fingerling Catla catla (Hamilton) Based on Growth, Feed Conversion Efficiency, and Liver Biotin Concentration
Authors: Khan Younis M. , Khan Mukhtar A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA 12‐wk experiment was conducted to determine the dietary biotin requirement of the fingerling Catla catla (7.9 ± 0.37 cm; 3.5 ± 0.12 g). Eight diets (35% crude protein, 16.72 kJ/g gross energy) with different levels of biotin (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/kg diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation. Highest percent weight gain, protein retention efficiency, and best feed conversion ratio were observed in fish fed 0.5 mg biotin per kg diet. However, fish fed diets containing dietary biotin of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/kg did not show significant (P > 0.05) differences compared to those fed on dietary biotin of 0.5 mg/kg. Hematological indices, including hematocrit value, hemoglobin content, and red blood cell counts were found to be directly proportional (P < 0.05) to the dietary biotin levels up to 0.5 mg/kg, beyond which a plateau was recorded. Pyruvate carboxylase activity (PCA) was also found to increase with the incremental levels of dietary biotin up to 0.5 mg/kg and further increasing dietary biotin concentration led to stagnation in PCA of fish. Liver biotin concentrations responded positively (P < 0.05) until saturation, which occurred at 1.0 mg/kg diet. Broken‐line analysis of percent weight gain, protein retention efficiency, PCA, and liver biotin concentrations demonstrated that fingerling C. catla require biotin in the range of 0.41–0.87 mg/kg diet.
Breastfeeding and risk for ceasing in mothers of preterm infants—Long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Ericson Jenny , Eriksson Mats , Hoddinott Pat , Hellström-Westas Lena , Flacking Renée 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBreastfeeding is challenging for mothers of preterm infants. The aim of this paper is to describe risk factors for ceasing breastfeeding and methods of feeding until 12 months postnatal age in mothers who breastfed their preterm infants at discharge from neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The data come from a randomised controlled trial, which evaluated the effectiveness on exclusive breastfeeding at 8 weeks of proactive telephone support compared with reactive support offered to mothers of preterm infants following discharge from NICU. Six NICUs across Sweden randomised a total of 493 mothers. We used regression and survival analyses to assess the risk factors for ceasing breastfeeding and the long‐term outcomes of the intervention. The results showed that 305 (64%) of the infants were breastfed at 6 months and 49 (21%) at 12 months. Partial breastfeeding at discharge, low maternal educational level, and longer length of stay in the NICU increased the risk for ceasing breastfeeding during the first 12 months. Furthermore, the Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that the proportion of mothers who ceased breastfeeding did not differ between the intervention (n = 231) and controls (n = 262) during the first 12 months (log‐rank test p = .68). No difference was found between groups on method of feeding. More than 85% of the infants were fed directly at the breast. These findings provide important insights for health professionals who are supporting mothers of preterm infants to breastfeed long term. Registered in www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01806480).
Mergers and acquisitions in Latin America 1990–2014: Factorial distribution and contractionary impacts
Authors: Alarco Germán 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe evolution of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in Latin America from 1990 to 2014 is analyzed herein. A one‐sector production model without government and external sectors that links prices/costs, income distribution, demand and output is proposed, and the effects of changes in M&A on profit margins, income distribution and gross domestic product (GDP) are evaluated. The model is applied to most regional economies to determine the impact of these transactions on the profit share and level of economic activity. Our analysis does not reject the hypotheses that M&A have distributive effects favorable to profits and that they have contractionary effects on GDP in Latin American countries.
Dermal capillary rarefaction as a marker of microvascular damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Association with inflammation and disorders of the macrocirculation
Authors: Anyfanti Panagiota , Gkaliagkousi Eugenia , Triantafyllou Areti , Zabulis Xenophon , Dolgyras Panagiotis , Galanopoulou Vasiliki , Aslanidis Spyros , Douma Stella 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveCapillary rarefaction is observed in various cardiovascular diseases, yet it remains understudied in RA, a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by excess cardiovascular risk. We quantified capillary density in RA patients and explored potential associations with macrocirculatory disorders, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk.MethodsDermal capillary density was assessed with nailfold capillaroscopy in RA and non‐RA individuals, using specifically designed semiautomated software. Macrocirculation assessments included large artery stiffening, evaluated with PWV, and myocardial blood flow, calculated as cardiac index from impedance cardiography. Cardiovascular risk score was estimated from the Framingham Heart Study.ResultsThe number of capillaries per visual field was lower in patients (n = 99) compared to controls (n = 35) (132.6 ± 30.3 vs 152.9 ± 25.2, P = .001). In the RA group, capillary density negatively correlated with CRP and PWV, and positively with HDL and cardiac index. In the multivariate analysis, CRP independently predicted capillary rarefaction (P = .044). Capillary density significantly correlated with cardiovascular risk, even after adjustment for inflammation (P = .030).ConclusionCapillary rarefaction appears pronounced in RA and correlates with lower cardiac output, increased arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular risk. However, the associations with macrocirculatory disorders may be obscured by inflammation, which appears as the major contributor to capillary rarefaction in RA.