bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Outcomes of Pediatric Patients Supported With Ventricular Assist Device—A Multi-Institutional Analysis*
Authors: Puri Kriti , Anders Marc M. , Tume Sebastian C. , Cabrera Antonio G. , Heinle Jeffrey S. , Causey Jamie C. , Wang Yunfei , Moffett Brady S. , Shekerdemian Lara S. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
The use of ventricular assist devices for pediatric patients with heart failure is increasing, but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Our objectives were to describe the admission outcomes and resource utilization of pediatric patients supported with ventricular assist devices, utilizing a multicenter database.

Data Sources:
Pediatric Health Information System database (comprising 49 nonprofit children’s hospitals).

Study Selection:
Retrospective cohort analysis of the database from January 2006 to September 2015 for all admissions less than or equal to 21 years old with ventricular assist device implantation.

Data Extraction:
The primary outcome was hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay and adjusted cost.

Data Synthesis:
We analyzed 744 ventricular assist device implantations (740 patients), 422 (57%) males, and 363 (49%) non-Hispanic white. Median age at admission was 5.9 years (interquartile range, 0.9–13.5 yr), and median length of stay was 69 days (interquartile range, 36–122 d). The overall hospital mortality was 188 (25%), whereas 395 (53%) were transplanted and 141 (19%) were discharged on ventricular assist device. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used, in addition to ventricular assist device, in 340 (46%). The majority of ventricular assist device implantations (453, 61%) were from 2011 to 2015 (compared to 2006–2010). More patients discharged on ventricular assist device from 2011 to 2015 (23% vs 13% in 2006–2010; p = 0.001). There was no difference in median age, mortality, length of stay, or adjusted costs between these time periods. On multivariable analysis, underlying congenital heart disease, renal failure, liver congestion, sepsis, cerebrovascular accident, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were associated with hospital mortality. Sepsis and ventricular assist device replacement/repair were associated with higher adjusted cost and longer length of stay.

Conclusions:
The pediatric ventricular assist device experience continues to grow, with a significant increase in the number of patients undergoing ventricular assist device implantation and a higher proportion being discharged from hospital on ventricular assist device support in recent years. Underlying congenital heart disease, renal failure, sepsis, cerebrovascular accident, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are significantly associated with hospital mortality.
Painful Foot Disorders in the Geriatric Population
Authors: Oh-Park Mooyeon , Kirschner Jonathan , Abdelshahed Dena , Kim Dennis D.J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Painful foot disorders are highly prevalent among older adults causing a significant impact on mobility, function, and risk of falls. Despite its significance, foot pain is often interpreted as a normal part of aging and relatively ignored by health care providers as well as by the older people themselves. Accurate diagnosis of the cause of foot pain is possible for most cases via clinical evaluation without a costly workup. Clinicians should consider, not only musculoskeletal pathologies but also vascular and neurological disorders in older patients with foot pain. Fortunately, most patients improve with physiatric, nonoperative interventions involving biomechanical analysis, function-oriented rehabilitation programs and therapeutic exercise, the use of proper footwear and orthoses, and selected percutaneous interventions, as indicated. In this review, we discuss the physiologic changes of the aging foot relevant to foot pain, the impact of painful foot disorders on function and other key outcomes, and principles of diagnosis and intervention. We also briefly describe painful foot disorders of the older people commonly encountered in a physiatric practice.
Application of Blood Oxygenation Level–Dependent Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion to Assess Bilateral Renal Pathophysiological Processes Induced by Iodixanol Renal Artery First-Pass in Rabbit Model
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Ren Ke 
Published: June 2019

Background
Noninvasive blood oxygen level–dependent imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion sequences were used to assess bilateral renal oxygenation, hemodynamics, and proton diffusion in iodixanol renal artery first-pass in rabbit model.

Methods
Forty-two rabbits were divided into 2 groups. Saline and iodixanol (1 g iodine/kg, left renal artery) were administered. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired longitudinally at 24 hours prior to and 1, 24, 48, and 72 hours after administration to assess apparent diffusion coefficient, pure molecular diffusion (D), perfusion-related diffusion (D*), volume fraction (f), and relative spin-spin relaxation rate (R2*) values, respectively. The experiment evaluated serum creatinine, histological, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α immunoexpression.

Results
During 1 to 48 hours, the values of D, f, and D* significantly decreased (P < 0.05), but R2* values significantly increased (P < 0.05) in cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla after administration of iodixanol through left renal artery, which showed in the 72 hours. The change of the left kidney is noteworthy. Significant negative correlations were observed between apparent diffusion coefficient, D, f, and R2* in cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla (all P < 0.001, r = −0.635–0.697).

Conclusions
The first-pass effect of the contrast agent significantly reduces ipsilateral renal perfusion and renal oxygenation, and noninvasive monitoring can be performed by using blood oxygen level–dependent magnetic resonance imaging and intravoxel incoherent motion.
Coronary Artery Anomalies and Associated Radiologic Findings
Authors: Saade Charbel , Fakhredin Rayan Bou , El Achkar Bassam , Ghieh Diamond , Mayat Ahmad , Abchee Antoine , Refaat Marwan , Ismail Hussein , El-Rayess Hebah , Karout Lina , El Merhi Fadi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCoronary anomalies occur in about 1% of the general population and in severe cases can lead to sudden cardiac death. Coronary computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging have been deemed appropriate for the evaluation of coronary anomalies by accurately allowing the noninvasive depiction of coronary artery anomalies of origin, course, and termination. The aim of this article is to describe and illustrate a comprehensive array for the classification of coronary artery anomalies.
Radionuclide Therapy With 177Lu-PSMA in a Case of Metastatic Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Parotid
Authors: Has Simsek Duygu , Kuyumcu Serkan , Agaoglu Fulya Yaman , Unal Seher Nilgun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In vivo prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpression creates an opportunity for PSMA-directed theranostic approach in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid. Herein, we illustrate a patient with metastatic PSMA-directed theranostic approach in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid who had intense PSMA uptake on metastatic lesions, followed by radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-PSMA.
99mTc-MIBI Embolus in the Late Phase of a Parathyroid Scan
Authors: Savvopoulos Christos , Geijer Håkan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We report a case of a transient focal MIBI uptake in the late, 90 minutes postinjection phase of a parathyroid scintigraphy in which SPECT/CT imaging proved valuable in delineating the nature of this incidental finding.
Robotic Thyroidectomy Decreases Postoperative Pain Compared With Conventional Thyroidectomy
Authors: Kim Min Kyoung , Kang Hyun , Choi Geun Joo , Kang Kyung Ho 
Published: June 2019

Background:
This retrospective study compared postoperative pain between patients undergoing open thyroidectomy (OT) and bilateral axillo-breast approach (BABA) robotic thyroidectomy (RT).

Materials and Methods:
We analyzed the electronic medical records of 1269 patients who underwent OT or RT at Chung-Ang University Hospital between January 1, 2010 and April 30, 2016. On the basis of the surgical procedure performed, patients were categorized into an OT (n=1128) and a BABA RT (BRT) group (n=141). On the basis of covariates, patients in these groups were matched using propensity score matching (n=86 in each group).

Results:
After propensity score matching, no intergroup differences were observed in the covariates. The visual analogue scale scores for pain on postoperative day 0 were lower in the BRT than in the OT group (2.57±0.95 vs. 2.28±0.95, P=0.040). However, no statistically significant differences were observed in the use of rescue analgesics, the numerical rating scale score for nausea, and the use of rescue antiemetics.

Conclusions:
Pain on postoperative day 0 was lesser in the BRT than in the OT group. Similarly, the severity of nausea was lesser in the BRT group, despite longer operation time and broad dissection performed for docking the robotic arms.
Systematic review of oxygenation and clinical outcomes to inform oxygen targets in critically ill trauma patients
Authors: Douin David J. , Schauer Steven G. , Anderson Erin L. , Jones Jacqueline , DeSanto Kristen , Cunningham Cord W. , Bebarta Vikhyat S. , Ginde Adit A. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND
Oxygen therapy is frequently administered to critically ill trauma patients to avoid hypoxia, but optimal oxygenation strategies are not clear.

METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of oxygen targets and clinical outcomes in trauma and critically ill patients. We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection from 1946 through 2017. Our initial search yielded 14,774 articles with 209 remaining after abstract review. We reviewed full text articles of human subjects with conditions of interest, an oxygen exposure or measurement, and clinical outcomes, narrowing the review to 43 articles. We assessed article quality using Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.

RESULTS
Of the 43 final studies meeting inclusions criteria, 17 focused on trauma and 26 studies focused on medical and/or surgical critical illness without trauma specifically. Four trauma studies supported lower oxygenation/normoxia, two supported higher oxygenation, and 11 supported neither normoxia nor higher oxygenation (five neutral and six supported avoidance of hypoxia). Fifteen critical illness studies supported lower oxygenation/normoxia, one supported higher oxygenation, and 10 supported neither normoxia nor higher oxygenation (nine neutral and one supported avoidance of hypoxia). We identified seven randomized controlled trials (four high quality, three moderate quality). Of the high-quality randomized controlled trials (none trauma-related), one supported lower oxygenation/normoxia and three were neutral. Of the moderate-quality randomized controlled trials (one trauma-related), one supported higher oxygenation, one was neutral, and one supported avoidance of hypoxia.

CONCLUSION
We identified few trauma-specific studies beyond traumatic brain injury; none were high quality. Extrapolating primarily from nontrauma critical illness, reduced oxygen administration targeting normoxia in critically ill trauma patients may result in better or equivalent clinical outcomes. Additional trauma-specific trials are needed to determine the optimal oxygen strategy in critically injured patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review, level IV.
An Engineered Cas-Transposon System for Programmable and Precise DNA Transpositions
Authors: Chen Sway P. , Wang Harris H. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTEfficient targeted insertion of heterologous DNA into a genome remains a challenge in genome engineering. Recombinases that can introduce kilobase-sized DNA constructs require pre-existing recombination sites to be present in the genome and are difficult to reprogram to other loci. Genome insertion using current CRISPR-Cas methods relies on host DNA repair machinery, which is generally inefficient. Here, we describe a Cas-Transposon (CasTn) system for genomic insertions that uses a transposase fused to a catalytically-dead dCas9 nuclease to mediate programmable, site-specific transposition. CasTn combines the power of the Himar1 transposase, which inserts multi-kb DNA transposons into TA dinucleotides by a cut-and-paste mechanism, and the targeting capability of Cas9, which uses guide-RNAs to bind to specific DNA sequences. Usingin vitroassays, we demonstrated that Himar-dCas9 proteins increased the frequency of transposon insertions at a single targeted TA dinucleotide by >300-fold compared to an untargeted transposase, and that site-specific transposition is dependent on target choice while robust to log-fold variations in protein and DNA concentrations. We then showed that Himar-dCas9 mediates site-specific transposition into a target plasmid inE. coli. This work provides CasTn as a new method for host-independent, programmable, targeted DNA insertions to expand the genomic engineering toolbox.
Analysis of Nucleotide Pools in Bacteria Using HPLC-MS in HILIC Mode
Authors: Zborníková Eva , Knejzlík Zdeněk , Hauryliuk Vasili , Krásný Libor , Rejman Dominik 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNucleotides, nucleosides and their derivatives are present in cells at varying concentrations that rapidly change with the nutritional, and energetic status of the cell. Knowledge of the concentration dynamics of these molecules is instrumental for understanding their regulatory effects. Determination of these concentrations is challenging due to the inherent instability of these molecules and, despite many decades of research, the reported values differ widely. Here, we present a comprehensive and easy-to-use approach to determine intracellular concentrations of >25 target molecular species. The approach uses rapid filtration and cold acidic extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) mode using zwitterionic columns coupled with UV and MS detectors. The method reliably detects and quantifies all the analytes expected to be observed in the bacterial cell and paves the way for future studies correlating their concentrations with biological effects.
Accurate denoising of single-cell RNA-Seq data using unbiased principal component analysis
Authors: Wagner Florian , Barkley Dalia , Yanai Itai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSingle-cell RNA-Seq measurements are commonly affected by high levels of technical noise, posing challenges for data analysis and visualization. A diverse array of methods has been proposed to computationally remove noise by sharing information across similar cells or genes, however their respective accuracies have been difficult to establish. Here, we propose a simple denoising strategy based on principal component analysis (PCA). We show that while PCA performed on raw data is biased towards highly expressed genes, this bias can be mitigated with a cell aggregation step, allowing the recovery of denoised expression values for both highly and lowly expressed genes. We benchmark our resulting ENHANCE algorithm and three previously described methods on simulated data that closely mimic real datasets, showing that ENHANCE provides the best overall denoising accuracy, recovering modules of co-expressed genes and cell subpopulations. Implementations of our algorithm are available at https://github.com/yanailab/enhance.
Whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across Asia provides insights into origin and migration of domestic Bactrian camels
Authors: Ming Liang , Yuan Liyun , Yi Li , Ding Guohui , Hasi Surong , Chen Gangliang , Jambl Tuyatsetseg , Hedayat-Evright Nemat , Batmunkh Mijiddorj , Badmaevna Garyaeva Khongr , Gan-Erdene Tudeviin , Batskh TS , Zhang Wenbin , Zulipikaer Azhati , Hosblig  , Erdemt  , Natyrov Arkady , Mamay Prmanshayev , Narenbatu  , Meng Gendalai , Narangerel Choijilsuren , Khongorzul Orgodol , He Jing , Hai Le , Lin Weili , Sirendalai  , Sarentuya  , Aiyisi  , Li Yixue , Wang Zhen , Jirimutu  
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe domestic Bactrian camels were treated as the principal means of locomotion between the eastern and western cultures in history. To address the question of their origin, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 128 camels across Asia, including representative populations of domestic Bactrian camels from the Mongolian Plateau to the Caspian Sea, as well as the extant wild Bactrian camels and dromedaries. The domestic and wild Bactrian camels showed remarkable genetic divergence since they were split from dromedaries, confirming they were separated species. The wild Bactrian camels made also little contribution to the ancestry of domestic ones. Among the domestic Bactrian camels, those from Iran exhibited the largest genetic distance from others, and were the first population to separate in the phylogeny. Although evident admixture was observed between domestic Bactrian camels and dromedaries living around the Caspian Sea, the large genetic distance and basal position of Iranian Bactrian camels could not be explained by introgression alone. Taken together, our study favored the Iranian origin of domestic Bactrian camels, which were then immigrated eastward to Mongolia where the native wild Bactrian camels inhabited. This study illustrated the complex genomic landscape of migration underlying domestication in Bactrian camels.
Comparative metagenome-assembled genome analysis ofLachnovaginosumgenomospecies, formerly known as BVAB1
Authors: Holm Johanna B. , France Michael , Ma Bing , Robinson Courtney K. , McComb Elias , Brotman Rebecca M. , Ravel Jacques 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBacterial Vaginosis Associated Bacteria 1 (BVAB1) is an uncultured bacterial species found in the human vagina that belongs to the familyLachnospiraceaewithin the orderClostridiales, and as its name suggests, is often associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). In reproductive health, BV is of concern due to its associated risk for HIV,Chlamydia trachomatis, andNeisseria gonorrhoeaeacquisition as well as preterm birth. BVAB1 has been shown to be associated with BV persistence after metronidazole treatment and increased vaginal inflammation, and to confer a higher risk of puerperal infections. To date, no genome of BVAB1 is available, which has made it difficult to understand its disease-associated features. We present here a comparative analysis of seven metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of BVAB1, derived from the cervicovaginal lavages of seven separate women. One metagenome was sequenced with long-read technology on a PacBio Sequel II instrument while the others were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The MAGs were 1.5-1.7 Mb long, encoding an average of 1,499 genes and had >98% average nucleotide identity to each other. CheckM-estimated genome completion was 98.2%. We propose to rename BVAB1 toLachnovaginosumgenomospecies based on a phylogenetic analysis, and provide genomic evidence that this species may metabolize D-lactate, produce trimethylamine (the chemical responsible for BV-associated odor), and be motile. These MAGs will be a valuable resource and will contribute to our understanding of the heterogenous etiologies of bacterial vaginosis.
Brain Network Mechanisms of General Intelligence
Authors: Sripada Chandra , Angstadt Mike , Rutherford Saige , Taxali Aman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe identify novel mechanisms of general intelligence involving activation patterns of large-scale brain networks. During hard, cognitively demanding tasks, the fronto-parietal network differentially activates relative to the default mode network, creating greater “separation” between the networks, while during easy tasks, network separation is reduced. In 920 adults in the Human Connectome Project dataset, we demonstrate that these network separation patterns across hard and easy task conditions are strongly associated with general intelligence, accounting for 21% of the variance in intelligence scores across individuals. Moreover, we identify the presence of a crossover relationship in which FPN-DMN separation profiles that strongly predict higher intelligence in hard task conditions reverse direction and strongly predict lower intelligence in easy conditions, helping to resolve conflicting findings in the literature. We further clarify key properties of FPN-DMN separation: It is a mediator, and not just a marker, of general intelligence, and FPN-DMN separation profiles during the task state can be reliably predicted from connectivity patterns during rest. We demonstrate the robustness of our results by replicating them in a second task and in an independent large sample of youth. Overall, our results establish FPN-DMN separation as a major locus of individual differences in general intelligence, and raise intriguing new questions about how FPN-DMN separation is regulated in different cognitive tasks, across the lifespan, and in health and disease.
Multiscale activity imaging in mammary gland reveals how oxytocin enables lactation
Authors: Stevenson Alexander J. , Vanwalleghem Gilles , Stewart Teneale A. , Condon Nicholas D. , Lloyd-Lewis Bethan , Marino Natascia , Putney James W. , Scott Ethan K. , Ewing Adam D. , Davis Felicity M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe mammary epithelium is indispensable for the continued survival of more than 5000 mammalian species. For some, the volume of milk ejected in a single day exceeds their entire blood volume. Here, we unveil the spatiotemporal properties of physiological signals that orchestrate milk ejection. Using quantitative, multidimensional imaging of mammary cell ensembles, we reveal how stimulus evoked Ca2+oscillations couple to contractions in basal epithelial cells. Moreover, we show that Ca2+-dependent contractions generate the requisite force to physically deform the innermost layer of luminal cells, compelling them to discharge the fluid that they produced and housed. Through the collective action of thousands of these biological positive displacement pumps, each linked to a contractile ductal network, milk is delivered into the mouth of the dependent neonate, seconds after the command.Significance StatementThe mammary gland is functional for only a brief period of a female’s lifetime—if at all. During this time, it operates not for the survival of the individual, but for the survival of her species. Here, we visualize the nature of alveolar contractions in the functionally-mature mammary gland, revealing how specialized epithelial cells, which possess the ability to behave like smooth muscle cells, undergo Ca2+-dependent contractions. We demonstrate that individual oscillators can be electrically coupled to achieve global synchrony, a phenomenon that has not yet been observed in the mammary gland. By imaging activity across scales, we provide a window into the organization, dynamics and role of epithelial Ca2+oscillations in the organ principally responsible for sustaining neonatal life in mammals.