bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome of radial scar/complex sclerosing lesion associated with epithelial proliferations with atypia diagnosed on breast core biopsy: results from a multicentric UK-based study
Authors: Rakha Emad , Beca Francisco , D'Andrea Mariangela , Abbas Areeg , Petrou-Nunn William , Shaaban Abeer M , Kandiyil Aneeshya , Smith Samantha , Menon Sindhu , Elsheikh Somaia , ElSayed Maysa E , Lee Andrew HS , Sharma Nisha 
Published: July 2019

AimsThe clinical significance of radial scar (RS)/complex sclerosing lesion (CSL) with high-risk lesions (epithelial atypia) diagnosed on needle core biopsy is not well defined. We aimed at assessing the upgrade rate to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma on the surgical excision specimen in a large cohort with RS/CSL associated with atypia.Methods157 women with a needle core biopsy diagnosis of a RS/CSL with atypia and follow-up histology were studied. Histological findings, including different forms of the atypical lesions and final histological outcome in the excision specimens, were retrieved and analysed, and the upgrade rates for malignancy and for invasive carcinoma were calculated.Results69.43% of the cases were associated with atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or atypia not otherwise classifiable, whereas lobular neoplasia was seen in 21.66%. On final histology, 39 cases were malignant (overall upgrade rate of 24.84%); 12 were invasive and 27 had DCIS. The upgrade differed according to the type of atypia and was highest for ADH (35%). When associated with lobular neoplasia, the upgrade rate was 11.76%. The upgrade rate’s variability was also considerably lower when considering the upgrade to invasive carcinoma alone for any associated lesion.ConclusionsThe upgrade rate for ADH diagnosed on needle core biopsy with RS is similar to that of ADH without RS and therefore should be managed similarly. RS associated with lobular neoplasia is less frequently associated with malignant outcome. Most lesions exhibiting some degree of atypia showed a similar upgrade rate to invasive carcinoma. Management of RS should be based on the concurrent atypical lesion.
Procedure-based assessments: the past, the present and the future
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOne of the most significant changes to the structure of surgical training in the UK was the introduction of workplace-based assessments (WBAs). Since its integration into the Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme, we as surgical trainees became the children of WBAs. Procedure-based assessment (PBA) is one of the pillars of WBAs and no surgical trainee portfolio is complete without a significant number of PBAs completed. As a senior trauma and orthopaedics trainee myself, I have encountered PBA on a regular basis, both as a trainee and as an assessor to my junior colleagues. My journey in understanding and implementing PBAs has not been a smooth one. This is also a reflection of almost all surgical trainees across all specialties. In this review, I aim to shed some light on my perspective on PBA, its values, limitations and concerns that have risen as a result of its introduction. I also aim to use my experiences to highlight possible ways of improvement in PBA.
Trends in factors indicating increased risk for STI among key subpopulations in the United States, 2002–2015
Authors: Leichliter Jami S , Dittus Patricia J , Copen Casey E , Aral Sevgi O 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesWithin the context of rising rates of reportable STIs in the USA, we used national survey data to examine temporal trends in high-risk factors that indicate need for STI/HIV preventive services among key subpopulations with disproportionate STI rates.MethodsWe used data from the 2002 (n=12 571), 2006–2010 (n=22 682) and 2011–2015 (n=20 621) National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). NSFG is a national probability survey of 15–44 year olds living in US households. We examined STI risk factors among sexually active men who have sex with men (MSM) and Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, 15–19 year old, 20–24 year old, and 25–29 year old women who have sex with men (WSM) and men who have sex with women (MSW). Risk behaviours included: received money or drugs for sex, gave money or drugs for sex, partner who injected drugs, partner who has HIV, non-monogamous partner (WSM, MSW only) and male partner who had sex with other men (WSM only). Endorsement of any of these behaviours was recoded into a composite variable focusing on factors indicating increased STI risk (yes/no). We used chi-squares and logistic regression (calculating predicted marginals to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs)) to examine STI risk factors over time among the key subpopulations.ResultsFrom 2002 to 2011–2015, reported STI risk factors did not change or declined over time among key subpopulations in the USA. In adjusted analyses comparing 2002 to 2011–2015, we identified significant declines among WSM: Hispanics (aPR=0.84 (0.68–1.04), non-Hispanic blacks (aPR=0.69 (0.58–0.82), adolescents (aPR=0.71 (0.55–0.91) and 25–29 year olds (aPR=0.76 (0.58–0.98); among MSW: Hispanics (aPR=0.53 (0.40–0.70), non-Hispanic blacks (aPR=0.74 (0.59–0.94) and adolescents (aPR=0.63 (0.49–0.82); and among MSM (aPR=0.53 (0.34–0.84).ConclusionsWhile reported STIs have increased, STI risk factors among key subpopulations were stable or declined. Condom use related to these risk factors, sexual mixing patterns and STI testing should be examined.
Both gain and loss of Nampt function promote pressure overload-induced heart failure
Authors: Byun Jaemin , Oka Shin-ichi , Imai Nobushige , Huang Chun-Yang , Ralda Guersom , Zhai Peiyong , Ikeda Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Shohei , Sadoshima Junichi 
Published: July 2019

The heart requires high-energy production, but metabolic ability declines in the failing heart. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (Nampt) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) synthesis. NAD is directly involved in various metabolic processes and may indirectly regulate metabolic gene expression through sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), an NAD-dependent protein deacetylase. However, how Nampt regulates cardiac function and metabolism in the failing heart is poorly understood. Here we show that pressure-overload (PO)-induced heart failure is exacerbated in both systemic Nampt heterozygous knockout (Nampt+/−) mice and mice with cardiac-specific Nampt overexpression (Tg-Nampt). The NAD level declined in Nampt+/− mice under PO (wild: 377 pmol/mg tissue; Nampt+/−: 119 pmol/mg tissue; P = 0.028). In cultured cardiomyocytes, Nampt knockdown diminished mitochondrial NAD content and ATP production (relative ATP production: wild: 1; Nampt knockdown: 0.56; P = 0.0068), suggesting that downregulation of Nampt induces mitochondrial dysfunction. On the other hand, the NAD level was increased in Tg-Nampt mice at baseline but not during PO, possibly due to increased consumption of NAD by Sirt1. The expression of Sirt1 was increased in Tg-Nampt mice, in association with reduced overall protein acetylation. PO-induced downregulation of metabolic genes was exacerbated in Tg-Nampt mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, Nampt and Sirt1 cooperatively suppressed mitochondrial proteins and ATP production, thereby promoting mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, Nampt overexpression upregulated inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Thus endogenous Nampt maintains cardiac function and metabolism in the failing heart, whereas Nampt overexpression is detrimental during PO, possibly due to excessive activation of Sirt1, suppression of mitochondrial function, and upregulation of proinflammatory mechanisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase (Nampt) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the salvage pathway of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthesis. We demonstrate that pressure overload-induced heart failure is exacerbated in both systemic Nampt heterozygous knockout mice and mice with cardiac-specific Nampt overexpression. Both loss- and gain-of-function models exhibited reduced protein acetylation, suppression of metabolic genes, and mitochondrial energetic dysfunction. Thus endogenous Nampt maintains cardiac function and metabolism in the failing heart, but cardiac-specific Nampt overexpression is detrimental rather than therapeutic.
Blockade of Immune-Checkpoint B7-H4 and Lysine Demethylase 5B in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Confers Protective Immunity against P. gingivalis Infection
Authors: Yuan Xiang , Liu Yiwen , Li Guifang , Lan Zijun , Ma Mingyang , Li Huaxu , Kong Jinyu , Sun Jiangtao , Hou Gaochao , Hou Xurong , Ma Yingjian , Ren Feng , Zhou Fuyou , Gao Shegan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Pathogens are capable of hijacking immune defense mechanisms, thereby creating a tolerogenic environment for hypermutated malignant cells that arise within the site of infection. Immune checkpoint–oriented immunotherapies have shown considerable promise. Equally important, the epigenetic reprogramming of an immune-evasive phenotype that activates the immune system in a synergistic manner can improve immunotherapy outcomes. These advances have led to combinations of epigenetic- and immune-based therapeutics. We previously demonstrated that Porphyromonas gingivalis isolated from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) lesions represents a major pathogen associated with this deadly disease. In this study, we examined the mechanisms associated with host immunity during P. gingivalis infection and demonstrated that experimentally infected ESCC responds by increasing the expression of B7-H4 and lysine demethylase 5B, which allowed subsequent in vivo analysis of the immunotherapeutic effects of anti–B7-H4 and histone demethylase inhibitors in models of chronic infection and immunity against xenografted human tumors. Using three different preclinical mouse models receiving combined therapy, we showed that mice mounted strong resistance against P. gingivalis infection and tumor challenge. This may have occurred via generation of a T cell–mediated response in the microenvironment and formation of immune memory. In ESCC subjects, coexpression of B7-H4 and KDM5B correlated more significantly with bacterial load than with the expression of either molecule alone. These results highlight the unique ability of P. gingivalis to evade immunity and define potential targets that can be exploited therapeutically to improve the control of P. gingivalis infection and the development of associated neoplasia.
40-Year Longitudinal Caries Development in German Adolescents in the Light of New Caries Measures
Authors: Splieth Christian H. , Santamaria Ruth M. , Basner Roger , Schüler Elisabeth , Schmoeckel Julian 
Published: July 2019

This study assessed the 40-year longitudinal caries development in German adolescents in the light of the sixth National Oral Health Survey in Children (NOHSC, 2016) employing initial DMFT (IDMFT), Significant Caries Index (SiC) and Specific Affected Caries Index (SaC). On the basis of the current NOHSC (randomized cluster selection using school list or regional community school surveys, 55,956 12-year-old sixth-graders examined by 482 calibrated community/study dentists) DMFT, SiC, a novel IDMFT including initial lesions (IT) and the recently introduced SaC were calculated and also recalculated for national and international surveys from the last 4 decades. In 2016, 78.8% of children were caries-free (DMFT = 0), 65.5% including IT lesions. The mean DMFT was 0.44 (single components: DT = 0.14, MT = 0.02, FT = 0.29, IT = 0.52) showing a clear association with the school type as marker for the socio-economic status. The mean number of affected teeth in children with DMFT &#x3e;0 was 2.07 (SaC) in comparison to almost 9 teeth in the 1970s. The current care index on the tooth level was 66.3%, leaving only 7.7% of children with restorative treatment needs. Longitudinally, a continuous caries decline of more than 80%, including the risk groups (SiC/SaC), to an internationally extremely low level was observed. In conclusion, the National Oral Health Surveys reveal a continuous caries decline to a very low caries level in 12-year-old 6th-graders in Germany even if IT lesions are included (IDMFT). In spite of proportional reductions in the risk groups (SiC/SaC), the polarized caries distribution according to socio-economic parameters reveals the need for targeted preventive programmes.
A note on the taxonomy and natural history of the Summer Clicker Lahugada dohertyi (Distant, 1891) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadidae) along with its distribution in northern West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarkar Vivek 
Published: July 2019

Lahugada dohertyi is one of the many lesser-known cicadas of northeastern India which has never been studied since its discovery. Recently, a century later, a population of this elusive cicada was discovered in northern West Bengal. This paper gives an account on its distribution in northern West Bengal, taxonomy, and natural history and suggests a common name based on its call and habitat preferences.
Bird diversity in the coastal talukas of Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Babu Rao Golusu , Babu Santhanakrishnan , Quadros Goldin , Vijay Kumar Anoop 
Published: July 2019

The list of birds of Sindhudurg coastal district was compiled based on primary and secondary information. All observations were made along the Sindhudurg coast, i.e., from Terekhol to Vijaydurg. Wetland birds were recorded during sampling while terrestrial birds were recorded opportunistically. Besides, we also collated bird occurrence records from published literature (including grey literature and online resources) to prepare a comprehensive list of birds for Sindhudurg coast. During our study, we recorded 283 species, and 24 more species were compiled from secondary sources. Altogether, 307 species belonging to 78 families and 22 orders were recorded from the Sindhudurg coast. Order Passeriformes was dominant with 111 species. Among the 307 species, four species are endemic to the Western Ghats. Three species of vultures had been reported earlier but two were not encountered in recent years. Great Knot (EN), Woolly-necked Stork (VU) and 14 other species (NT) fall under various threat categories of IUCN. Species richness was higher in Vengurla (256) followed by Malvan (247) and Devgad talukas. Construction of homestays, unregulated tourism in coastal areas, and conversion of natural habitats to meet increasing tourism are the major threats to the coastal avifauna of the district. A high species richness of birds in Sindhudurg coast is attributed to the availability of a wide array of habitats (coastal to woodlands with different degrees of anthropogenic disturbances). Considering the high species richness of birds and livelihood dependency of humans on the coastal zones, a few estuaries namely Mochemad, Karli and Mitbav estuaries may be recognized as community/ conservation reserve to manage the ecosystem sustainably for long-term conservation of these estuaries and sub-habitats therein. Also, those sites can be perceived as Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas of IBCN as they fulfill the IBA criteria.
Extended distribution of the vulnerable Cooper’s Stone Flower Corallodiscus cooperi (Gesneriaceae) in India
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Panday Samiran , Dash Sudhansu Sekhar , Sinha Bipin Kumar , Singh Paramjit 
Published: July 2019

Corallodiscus cooperi (Craib) B.L. Burtt is reported here as a new record for India. The IUCN Red-listed Vulnerable species was earlier known only from Bhutan and has been collected for the first time from outside the country, from Zemithang Valley of Arunachal Pradesh. A detailed description along with images and notes are provided to facilitate its easy identification.
Crowding, group size and population structure of the Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia: Cetartiodactyla: Bovidae) in the semi-arid habitat of Haryana, India
Authors: Rai Deepak , Jyoti - 
Published: July 2019

To understand the population growth dynamics and life history parameters of the Blackbuck, 24 fortnightly visits were made in and around Lalpur Jheel, Dobhi Village of district Hisar (Haryana) from March 2017 to February 2018. Scan sampling method was used to record the Blackbuck population. In the present study, a total of 68 sightings of Blackbuck were made including a minimum of one sighting per visit to a maximum of seven sightings per visit with group size varying from one individual to a maximum of 58 individuals per sighting. The overall mean group size and crowding of the Blackbuck population were 13.84 ± 1.89 S.E. and 31.31 (N=941 individuals), respectively. The population structure of Blackbuck revealed six different age and sex classes, namely, adult male, adult female, sub-adult male, sub-adult female, yearling male, and fawn. As far as the social organization of the Blackbuck is concerned, six different types of social grouping were recorded, namely lone territorial male (adult male), unimale-unifemale (adult male and adult female), bachelor herd (adult male(s)/ sub-adult male(s)/ yearling male(s)), mixed herd (adult male(s)/ sub-adult male(s)/ yearling male(s)/ adult female(s)/ sub-adult female(s)/ fawn(s)), harem herd (1 adult male/ adult female(s)/ sub-adult female(s)/ fawn(s)), and female herd (adult female(s)/ sub-adult female(s)/ fawn(s)). It was concluded that Blackbuck shows partial social organization as both the solitary and herd were observed during the present study.
New record of Blue Perch Badis badis (Anabantiformes: Badidae) from Godavari River basin of Telangana State, India
Authors: Prasad Kante Krishna , Srinivasulu Chelmala 
Published: July 2019

Badis badis (Hamilton, 1822), a freshwater fish species, has been reported for the first time from the Godavari River basin of Telangana State, India. One specimen of B. badis was collected from a stream near Mubarakpur Village in Sangareddy District (Manjeera sub-basin) and another from a stream near Sirpur (T) Town in Asifabad District (Wardha sub-basin), Telangana State, India. This publication provides information about B. badis occurrence in India, a short description of the collected specimen, and a discussion on its habitat and threats.
Characterization of
Kcnk3
-Mutated Rat, a Novel Model of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Lambert Mélanie , Capuano Véronique , Boet Angèle , Tesson Laurent , Bertero Thomas , Nakhleh Morad K. , Remy Séverine , Anegon Ignacio , Pechoux Christine , Hautefort Aurélie , Rucker-Martin Catherine , Manoury Boris , Domergue Valérie , Mercier Olaf , Girerd Barbara , Montani David , Perros Frédéric , Humbert Marc , Antigny Fabrice 
Published: July 2019

Rationale:

Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe lethal cardiopulmonary disease. Loss of function mutations in
KCNK3
(potassium channel subfamily K member 3) gene, which encodes an outward rectifier K
+
channel, have been identified in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.

Objective:
We have demonstrated that KCNK3 dysfunction is common to heritable and nonheritable pulmonary arterial hypertension and to experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). Finally, KCNK3 is not functional in mouse pulmonary vasculature.

Methods and Results:

Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated a 94 bp out of frame deletion in exon 1 of
Kcnk3
gene and characterized these rats at the electrophysiological, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, morphological, cellular, and molecular levels to decipher the cellular mechanisms associated with loss of KCNK3. Using patch-clamp technique, we validated our transgenic strategy by demonstrating the absence of KCNK3 current in freshly isolated pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from
Kcnk3
-mutated rats. At 4 months of age, echocardiographic parameters revealed shortening of the pulmonary artery acceleration time associated with elevation of the right ventricular systolic pressure.
Kcnk3
-mutated rats developed more severe PH than wild-type rats after monocrotaline exposure or chronic hypoxia exposure.
Kcnk3
-mutation induced a lung distal neomuscularization and perivascular extracellular matrix activation. Lungs of
Kcnk3
-mutated rats were characterized by overactivation of ERK1/2 (extracellular signal–regulated kinase1-/2), AKT (protein kinase B), SRC, and overexpression of HIF1-α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α), survivin, and VWF (Von Willebrand factor). Linked with plasma membrane depolarization, reduced endothelial-NOS expression and desensitization of endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor,
Kcnk3
-mutated rats presented predisposition to vasoconstriction of pulmonary arteries and a severe loss of sildenafil-induced pulmonary arteries relaxation. Moreover, we showed strong alteration of right ventricular cardiomyocyte excitability. Finally,
Kcnk3
-mutated rats developed age-dependent PH associated with low serum-albumin concentration.

Conclusions:

We established the first
Kcnk3
-mutated rat model of PH. Our results confirm that KCNK3 loss of function is a key event in pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis. This model presents new opportunities for understanding the initiating mechanisms of PH and testing biologically relevant therapeutic molecules in the context of PH.
Prospective Trial of Cerebrospinal Fluid Filtration After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Lumbar Catheter (PILLAR)
Authors: Blackburn Spiros L. , Grande Andrew W. , Swisher Christa B. , Hauck Erik F. , Jagadeesan Bharathi , Provencio J. Javier 
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—
The PILLAR (Extracorporeal Filtration of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Spinal Catheter) study is a first-in-human trial of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filtration in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The study evaluates the safety and feasibility of a novel filtration system to rapidly remove blood and blood breakdown products from CSF after securement of a ruptured aneurysm.

Methods—
Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage had a dual-lumen lumbar, intrathecal catheter placed after aneurysm securement and received up to 24 hours of CSF filtration (neurapheresis therapy). The catheter aspirated blood-contaminated CSF from the lumbar cistern and returned filtered CSF to the thoracic subarachnoid space. Neuro checks were performed q2 hours, and CSF samples were collected for cell counts, total protein, and gram stain. Computed tomography scans were acquired at baseline and post-filtration. Clinical follow-up occurred at 2 weeks and 30 days.

Results—

Thirteen patients had a catheter placed (mean time 24:13 hours after ictus). The system processed 632.0 mL (180.6–1447.6 mL) CSF in 15:07 hours (5:32–24:00 hours) of filtration. The mean initial CSF red blood cell count, 2.78×10
5
cells/µL, reduced to 1.17×10
5
cells/µL after filtration (52.9% reduction), and total protein reduced 71%. Independent analysis of baseline and postfiltration computed tomographies found notable cisternal blood decrease, with 46.5% mean Hijdra Score reduction. Three mild, anticipated adverse events were reported.

Conclusions—
The initial safety and feasibility of Neurapheresis therapy in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage demonstrated the potential to safely filter CSF and remove blood and blood byproducts. Future studies are warranted.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT0287263.