bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Focus and the Effect of Nutritional Messages on Health and Well‐Being: The Case of Red Meat Intake
Authors: Bertolotti Mauro , Carfora Valentina , Catellani Patrizia 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe persuasiveness of nutritional messages varies according to individual regulatory focus. However, so far research has focused on the negative or positive valence of the message, while we lack research on the differential effectiveness of health vs. well‐being messages. We tested whether messages centred on negative health or well‐being outcomes influenced the intention to eat red meat, and whether participants’ predominant regulatory focus moderated this effect.MethodsParticipants (N = 207; 83 males, 124 females; mean age = 24.89, SD = 7.76) completed a questionnaire measuring dietary preferences and predominant regulatory focus. They were then presented with different versions of a message describing the negative effects of excessive red meat consumption on either health or well‐being. They rated their involvement in the message and intention to eat red meat.ResultsParticipants with a prevalent prevention focus showed greater involvement and lower intention to eat red meat after reading health messages than after reading well‐being messages. No such difference was found in participants with a prevalent promotion focus.ConclusionsEmphasising the avoidance of organic diseases appears to be an effective strategy to involve individuals and reduce their intention to eat red meat, especially when they have a predominant prevention focus.
Letter: previous exposure to corticosteroids increases the risk of post‐discharge venous thromboembolic events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Zeng Jian , Gan Hua‐Tian 
Published: August 2019

LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to McCurdy et al and McCurdy papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15286 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15457.
Infliximab induction regimens in steroid‐refractory acute severe colitis: a multicentre retrospective cohort study with propensity score analysis
Authors: Sebastian Shaji , Myers Sally , Argyriou Konstantinos , Martin Gayle , Los Louis , Fiske Joseph , Ranjan Ravi , Cooper Benjamin , Goodoory Vivek , Ching Hey‐Long , Jayasooriya NishaniLalanthika , Brooks Johanne , Dhar Anjan , Shenoy Achut H. , Limdi Jimmy K. , Butterworth Jeffrey , Allen Patrick B. , Samuel Sunil , Moran Gordon W. , Shenderey Richard , Parkes Gareth , Lobo Alan , Kennedy Nicholas A. , Subramanian Sreedar , Raine Tim 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundAccelerated induction regimens of infliximab have been proposed to improve response rates in patients with steroid‐refractory acute severe colitis.AimTo determine the differences in outcome for acute severe ulcerative colitis between accelerated and standard‐dose infliximabMethodsWe collected data on hospitalised patients receiving differing regimens of rescue therapy for steroid‐refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis. Our primary outcome was 30‐day colectomy rate. Secondary outcomes were colectomy within index admission, and at 90 days and 12 months. We used propensity score analysis with optimal calliper matching using high risk covariates defined apriorito reduce potential provider selection bias.ResultsWe included 131 patients receiving infliximab rescue therapy; 102 received standard induction and 29 received accelerated induction. In the unmatched cohort, there was no difference by type of induction in the 30‐day colectomy rates (18% vs 20%,P = .45), colectomy during index admission (13% vs 20%,P = .26) or overall colectomy (20% vs 24%,P = .38). In the propensity score‐matched cohort of 52 patients, 30‐day colectomy (57% vs 27%,P = .048) and index admission colectomy (53% vs 23%,P = .045) rates were higher in those receiving standard induction compared to accelerated induction but there was no difference in overall colectomy rates (57% vs 31%,P = .09). There was no significant difference in length of stay or in complication and infection rates.ConclusionIn a propensity score‐matched cohort, steroid‐refractory acute severe ulcerative colitis patients, short‐term, but not long‐term, colectomy rates appear to be lower in those receiving an accelerated induction regimen.
Resveratrol suppresses the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis formation in kidneys via proliferation‐related signalling pathways
Authors: Zhang Xing , Lu Hong , Xie Shuangshuang , Wu Cunzao , Guo Yangyang , Xiao Yanyi , Zheng Shizhang , Zhu Hengyue , Zhang Yan , Bai Yongheng 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeRenal fibrosis acts as the common pathway leading to the development of end‐stage renal disease. Previous studies have shown that resveratrol has anti‐fibrotic activity, but its potential molecular mechanisms of action are not well understood.Experimental ApproachThe anti‐fibrotic effects of resveratrol were assayed in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in vivo and in fibroblasts and tubular epithelial cells (TECs) stimulated by TGF‐β1 in vitro. Gene and protein expression levels were analysed by PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining.Key ResultsResveratrol inhibits the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis formation in UUO kidneys by targeting fibroblast–myofibroblast differentiation (FMD) and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The anti‐fibrotic effects of resveratrol correlated with decreased proliferation of TECs in the interstitium and tubules, resulting in suppressed activity of the proliferation‐related signalling pathways, including that of the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, Wnt/β‐catenin, and JAK2/STAT3 pathways. Resveratrol treatment suppressed TGF‐β1‐induced FMD and the expression of the myofibroblastic phenotype in fibroblasts in vitro by antagonizing the activation of proliferation‐related signalling. Similarly, TGF‐β1‐mediated overactivation of the proliferation‐related signalling in TECs induced EMT, and the myofibroblastic phenotype was suppressed by resveratrol. The anti‐fibrotic and anti‐proliferative effects of resveratrol were associated with the inactivation of Smad2/3 signalling and resulted in a partial reversal of FMD and EMT and the inhibition of the myofibroblastic phenotype.Conclusions and ImplicationsResveratrol suppresses the myofibroblastic phenotype and fibrosis formation in vivo and in vitro via proliferation‐related pathways, making it a potential therapeutic agent for preventing renal fibrosis.
Binding site location on GABAA receptors determines whether mixtures of intravenous general anaesthetics interact synergistically or additively in vivo
Authors: Kent Daniel E. , Savechenkov Pavel Y. , Bruzik Karol S. , Miller Keith W. 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeGeneral anaesthetics can act on synaptic GABAA receptors by binding to one of three classes of general anaesthetic sites. Canonical drugs that bind selectively to only one class of site are etomidate, alphaxalone, and the mephobarbital derivative, R‐mTFD‐MPAB. We tested the hypothesis that the general anaesthetic potencies of mixtures of such site‐selective agents binding to the same or to different sites would combine additively or synergistically respectively.Experimental ApproachThe potency of general anaesthetics individually or in combinations to cause loss of righting reflexes in tadpoles was determined, and the results were analysed using isobolographic methods.Key ResultsThe potencies of combinations of two or three site‐selective anaesthetics that all acted on a single class of site were strictly additive, regardless of which single site was involved. Combinations of two or three site‐selective anaesthetics that all bound selectively to different sites always interacted synergistically. The strength of the synergy increased with the number of separate sites involved such that the percentage of each agent's EC50 required to cause anaesthesia was just 35% and 14% for two or three sites respectively. Propofol, which binds non‐selectively to the etomidate and R‐mTFD‐MPAB sites, interacted synergistically with each of these agents.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe established pharmacology of the three anaesthetic binding sites on synaptic GABAA receptors was sufficient to predict whether a mixture of anaesthetics interacted additively or synergistically to cause loss of righting reflexes in vivo. The principles established here have implications for clinical practice.
Δ8‐Tetrahydrocannabivarin has potent anti‐nicotine effects in several rodent models of nicotine dependence
Authors: Xi Zheng‐Xiong , Muldoon Pretal , Wang Xiao‐Fei , Bi Guo‐Hua , Damaj M. Imad , Lichtman Aron H. , Pertwee Roger G. , Gardner Eliot L. 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeBoth types of cannabinoid receptors—CB1 and CB2—regulate brain functions relating to addictive drug‐induced reward and relapse. CB1 receptor antagonists and CB2 receptor agonists have anti‐addiction efficacy, in animal models, against a broad range of addictive drugs. Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ9‐THCV)—a cannabis constituent—acts as a CB1 antagonist and a CB2 agonist. Δ8‐Tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ8‐THCV) is a Δ9‐THCV analogue with similar combined CB1 antagonist/CB2 agonist properties.Experimental ApproachWe tested Δ8‐THCV in seven different rodent models relevant to nicotine dependence—nicotine self‐administration, cue‐triggered nicotine‐seeking behaviour following forced abstinence, nicotine‐triggered reinstatement of nicotine‐seeking behaviour, acquisition of nicotine‐induced conditioned place preference, anxiety‐like behaviour induced by nicotine withdrawal, somatic withdrawal signs induced by nicotine withdrawal, and hyperalgesia induced by nicotine withdrawal.Key ResultsΔ8‐THCV significantly attenuated intravenous nicotine self‐administration and both cue‐induced and nicotine‐induced relapse to nicotine‐seeking behaviour in rats. Δ8‐THCV also significantly attenuated nicotine‐induced conditioned place preference and nicotine withdrawal in mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe conclude that Δ8‐THCV may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of nicotine dependence. We also suggest that tetrahydrocannabivarins should be tested for possible anti‐addiction efficacy in a broader range of preclinical animal models, against other addictive drugs, and eventually in humans.
Exports, investment and policy uncertainty
Authors: Greenland Andrew , Ion Mihai , Lopresti John 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBuilding on a literature that underscores the value of delaying investment in the face of uncertainty, we study how policy uncertainty in 18 large economies affects exports to these economies. We decompose aggregate bilateral trade flows from 1995 to 2013 into intensive and extensive margin components and employ a gravity specification to assess the impact of policy uncertainty on each margin separately. Consistent with theory, increases in policy uncertainty decrease both trade values and the extensive margin but, if anything, increase the intensive margin. In further tests, we use various proxies for sunk export costs and demonstrate that the effects of policy uncertainty are more pronounced where sunk costs are higher.
Identification of new octamer transcription factor 1‐target genes upregulated in castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Shinichiro , Takayama Ken‐ichi , Obinata Daisuke , Fujiwara Kyoko , Ashikari Daisaku , Takahashi Satoru , Inoue Satoshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOctamer transcription factor 1 (OCT1) is an androgen receptor (AR)‐interacting partner and regulates the expression of target genes in prostate cancer cells. However, the function of OCT1 in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is not fully understood. In the present study, we used 22Rv1 cells as AR‐positive CRPC model cells to analyze the role of OCT1 in CRPC. We showed that OCT1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and migration of 22Rv1 cells. Using microarray analysis, we identified four AR and OCT1‐target genes, disks large‐associated protein 5 (DLGAP5), kinesin family member 15 (KIF15), non‐SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG), and NDC80 kinetochore complex component (NUF2) in 22Rv1 cells. We observed that knockdown of DLGAP5 and NUF2 suppresses growth and migration of 22Rv1 cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis showed that positive expression of DLGAP5 in prostate cancer specimens is related to poor cancer‐specific survival rates of patients. Notably, enhanced expression of DLGAP5 was observed in CRPC tissues of patients. Thus, our findings suggest that these four genes regulated by the AR/OCT1 complex could have an important role in CRPC progression.
Molecular dynamics insights on the role β‐augmentation of the peptide N‐terminus with binding site β‐hairpin of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9
Authors: Pasam Bhargavi , Medicherla Krishna Mohan , Rathore Ravindranath Singh , Upadhyayula Raghavender Surya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPCSK9, a member of the proprotein convertase family, is a key negative regulator of hepatic low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) concentrations in the blood plasma and is associated with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Peptide inhibitors designed to block PCSK9‐LDLR interactions could reduce the risk of CAD. We present a study of the interaction of a PCSK9 bound peptide and its design through modification by phosphorylation using molecular dynamics simulations. Extensive explicit solvent simulations of PCSK9 and its mutant (Asp374 → Tyr374) with designed peptides provide insights into the mechanism of peptide binding at the protein interface. We establish that β‐augmentation is the key mechanism of peptide association with PCSK9. Position‐specific phosphorylation of threonine residues is observed to have noticeable effect in modulating protein–peptide association. This study provides a handle to explore and improve the design of peptides bound to PCSK9 by incorporating knowledge‐derived functional motifs into designing potent binders.
Five years follow‐up of mandibular 2‐implant overdentures on locator or ball abutments: Implant results, patient‐related outcome, and prosthetic aftercare
Authors: Matthys Carine , Vervaeke Stijn , Besseler Jos , Doornewaard Ron , Dierens Melissa , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is uncertain, which is the optimal attachment for a mandibular 2‐implant overdenture (2IOD).PurposeTo assess 5 years clinical implant outcome, prosthetic maintenance, cost, and PROMs of two cohorts receiving 2IOD on ball or stud abutments in a comparative study.Materials and MethodsNinety edentulous individuals were treated with balls (n = 34) or locator (n = 56). Implant survival, bone‐to‐implant level, prosthetic outcome, technical maintenance, and OHIP‐14 were assessed. Statistics to compare between baseline and 1/5 years and between groups were t‐test or Mann‐Whitney (P < .05); chi‐square was adopted to analyze plaque and technical maintenance or interventions between groups.ResultsFive years implant survival was 98.7%, irrespective of attachment. Overall mean bone loss was 1.1 mm, probing pocket depth 1.92 mm, bleeding score 0.60, plaque score 1. Plaque accumulated more on locators (P = .023). OHIP‐14 declined from 18.1 to 2.7 irrespective of attachment. Retention for balls was better (P < .005), locators required more maintenance (P < .001), caused by retention‐adjustment (P < .001) or ulcers/pain (P = .014). Five years maintenance‐cost was 11% of initial cost, irrespective of attachment.ConclusionsBalls and locators yield stable 5‐years implant outcome and improved Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Locators required more maintenance and resulted in a lower retention. Maintenance costs are minimal but may affect OHRQoL at least for stud abutments.
Protocol‐based nurse coordinator management of ambulatory tacrolimus dosing in de novo renal transplant recipients—A single‐center experience with a large African American population
Authors: Elmaasarani Zana , Mardis Caitlin , Gylten Logan , Taber David J. , Fleming James , Patel Neha , Baliga Prabhakar , Rao Vinaya , Rohan Vinayak , DuBay Derek , Pilch Nicole A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionTransplant nurse (RN) coordinators review tacrolimus levels frequently and would be capable of making dose adjustments autonomously if not limited by their license. Collaborative practice agreements could be an answer; thus, the aim of this evaluation was to determine if an RN‐driven protocol could be used safely and effectively to manage tacrolimus in ambulatory kidney transplant (KTX) recipients.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of all solitary adult KTX recipients between August 1, 2016, and July 29, 2017. The primary objective was to evaluate protocol adherence and frequency of use, and secondary objectives were to evaluate the utility of the protocol both overall and based on ethnicity.ResultsA total of 173 patients were included in the evaluation (59% African American [AA], 41% non‐African American [non‐AA). RN coordinators followed the protocol for 75% of tacrolimus adjustments; however, they only responded to 27% of the overall levels. There was no difference in 180‐day tacrolimus‐associated readmission (15% AA vs 5% non‐AA, P = .06), biopsy‐proven acute rejection (4% AA vs 7% non‐AA, P = .363), or hyperkalemia (34% AA vs 32% non‐AA, P = .87) between groups.ConclusionsTransplant nurse coordinators are capable of accurately following a protocol for tacrolimus dosage adjustment in a large, racially diverse kidney transplant center.
Caring for caregivers: Understanding and meeting their needs in coping with first episode psychosis
Authors: Dillinger Rachel L. , Kersun Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe first episode of psychosis is a challenging time for both patients and those who care for them. Although literature on treatment is plentiful, literature on how to best support caregivers is more scarce. This review was undertaken to better understand the caregiver experience, determine which interventions most effectively alleviate their burden and examine which other factors may affect outcomes.MethodsArticles were retrieved from PubMed and OVID using the following search terms: first episode psychosis (FEP), schizophrenia, caregiver, intervention and burden in various combinations. Only peer‐reviewed articles germane to FEP caregiver experience and interventions written in English were included.ResultsCaregivers can experience grief, guilt and anxiety during this time. While concerned for their loved one, their own lives take a back seat and their mental and physical health are adversely affected. Some are better prepared to cope and are typically warm, decisive, confident and optimistic. Their families are organized and flexible. Others are less prepared and are more likely to have poor self‐esteem, use avoidant coping strategies and be overly critical. Their families are controlling and have difficulty with communication and balance. These caregivers stand to benefit most from interventions.ConclusionsEffective interventions incorporate psychoeducation, problem solving strategies, peer support and clinician guidance. A higher level of interaction with facilitators and peers is associated with better results. Benefits include decreases in caregiver burden, depressive and anxious symptoms and feelings of shame and isolation. Although the literature has yet to isolate the key factors of a successful intervention, this review provides practical suggestions for clinicians and further illustrates the need for more research.
What are new treatment concepts in systemic itch?
Authors: Kremer Andreas E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChronic pruritus is a relevant symptom burden in various systemic diseases. It is most commonly observed in patients with chronic kidney disease, hepatobiliary and hematological disorders as well as adverse drug reaction. Recent basic research has unravelled novel treatment targets which are currently in preclinical phases, clinical trials or have already been licensed. While µ‐opioid receptor antagonists have been used since decades mainly in cholestatic pruritus, the k‐opioid receptor agonist nalfurafine has been licensed in Japan for chronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus (CKDaP) as well as cholestatic pruritus. Further κ‐opioid receptor agonists are currently investigated in various clinical trials including CKDaP. In recent years, the calcium channel blockers gabapentin and pregabalin have also been recognized as effective anti‐pruritus therapy in several internal diseases with the best evidence in chronic kidney disease‐associated pruritus. Neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists have been investigated with variable benefit in CKDaP, solid tumors and lymphoproliferative disorders such as cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma, Sézary syndrome. Inhibitors of the ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) represent a selective interruption of the enterohepatic circulation and are currently investigated in various hepatobiliary disorders associated with pruritus. The current development and testing of novel drugs in clinical trials offers hope to struggling physicians and suffering patients.
A critical appraisal of appendage disparity and homology in fishes
Authors: Larouche Olivier , Zelditch Miriam L. , Cloutier Richard 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFishes are both extremely diverse and morphologically disparate. Part of this disparity can be observed in the numerous possible fin configurations that may differ in terms of the number of fins as well as fin shapes, sizes and relative positions on the body. Here, we thoroughly review the major patterns of disparity in fin configurations for each major group of fishes and discuss how median and paired fin homologies have been interpreted over time. When taking into account the entire span of fish diversity, including both extant and fossil taxa, the disparity in fin morphologies greatly complicates inferring homologies for individual fins. Given the phylogenetic scope of this review, structural and topological criteria appear to be the most useful indicators of fin identity. We further suggest that it may be advantageous to consider some of these fin homologies as nested within the larger framework of homologous fin‐forming morphogenetic fields. We also discuss scenarios of appendage evolution and suggest that modularity may have played a key role in appendage disparification. Fin modules re‐expressed within the boundaries of fin‐forming fields could explain how some fins may have evolved numerous times independently in separate lineages (e.g., adipose fin), or how new fins may have evolved over time (e.g., anterior and posterior dorsal fins, pectoral and pelvic fins). We favour an evolutionary scenario whereby median appendages appeared from a unique field of competence first positioned throughout the dorsal and ventral midlines, which was then redeployed laterally leading to paired appendages.