bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical Cell Classification using Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) Based on Shape and Statistical Features
Authors: Dewi Erlinda Metta , Purwanti Endah , Apsari Retna 
Published: January 2019

This research was conducted to design a system that is able to classify cervical cells into two classes, namely normal cells or abnormal cells. We use digital images of single cervical as research materials and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) as classification method. Prior to classification, the nucleus areas of single cervical cell images were segmented and features were extracted. The features used in this study are 7 kinds of which consist of 2 types of feature, namely shape features and statistical features. The shape features used are area, perimeter, shape factor, and roundness of the nucleus, while the statistical features of the grayscale image histogram used are mean, standard deviation, and entropy. LVQ optimal parameter values based on the highest accuracy of training data, are learning rate 0.1 and learning rate reduction 0.5. The highest accuracy of system obtained from 45 testing data is 93.33%.
Child with recurrent meningitis: Encephalocele causing anterior cranial fossa defect with CSF rhinorrhoea
Authors: Mayoorathy V. , Doluweera S. 
Published: January 2019

Recurrent meningitis in children is potentially life threatening, causing long term morbidities and psychological trauma to the patient through the repeated hospital admission and multiple invasive investigations. Immune deficiency and bacterial migration along congenital or acquired pathways connecting CSF pathways to external surfaces are the two important aetiologies which should be taken into consideration1. We report a case of a boy who presented with recurrent meningitis due to defect in the anterior cranial fossa ethmoidal air cells.
Relaxation Interventions for Antepartum Mothers on Hospitalized Bedrest
Authors: Yeager Jenna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWomen with a high-risk pregnancy on hospitalized bedrest engaged in relaxation interventions, including guided imagery, visual imagery, and listening to music. Qualitative interviews gathered their perspectives on the effects of hospitalized bedrest on well-being and the subjective experiences related to the relaxation interventions. Benefits identified included improved physical well-being and sleep. Such relaxation interventions were concluded to have the potential to positively influence the occupational well-being of this population, resulting in more positive outcomes for mothers.
Bioterrorism—A Health Emergency: Do physicians believe there is a threat and are they prepared for it?
Authors: Switala, MEd Claudia A. , Coren, DO, MBA Joshua , Filipetto, DO Frank A. , Gaughan, PhD John P. , Ciervo, DO Carman A. 
Published: January 2019

Objective: To determine whether bioterrorism training provided increased awareness and understanding of bioterrorism and to assess physicians’ beliefs about the threat of bioterrorism and how it impacts on preparedness.Design: This is a retrospective review of data obtained from a bioterrorism training grant. Data were obtained from a postevaluation form completed by trainees with an 80 percent return rate. The Institutional Review Board approved this study. Informed consent was not required as data were deidentified and demographic information regarding study subjects was not used.Setting: The Department of Family Medicine within the University of Medicine and and Dentistry of New Jersey, School of Osteopathic Medicine in Stratford, NJ, conducted the training and follow-up study.Participants: The bioterrorism preparedness training was targeted to physicians, residents, and third- and fourth-year medical students in New Jersey. There were 578 trainees; however, responses to each question were varied.Outcome measures: Trainees were asked to complete an evaluation form. Specific questions were selected from the form. Frequency statistics were used to describe responses to the questions.Results: Ninety-four percent of the respondents agreed that the bioterrorism training increased their awareness and/or understanding of bioterrorism; however, only 49 percent believe there is a high probability that a bioterrorism event or other health emergency will occur in the near future in New Jersey, and 42 percent considered themselves prepared to respond as a healthcare professional to a bioterrorism event.Conclusions: Physicians in New Jersey increased their awareness and understanding of bioterrorism through training. However, concerns remain that a physician’s belief in a low threat of bioterrorism translates into a low need for bioterrorism preparedness training.
A parsimonious transport model of emerging contaminants at the river network scale
Authors: Diamantini Elena , Mallucci Stefano , Bellin Alberto 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Waters released from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent a relevant
source of pharmaceuticals and personal care products to the aquatic
environment, since many of them are not effectively removed by the treatment
systems. The consumption of these products increased in the last decades and
concerns have consequently risen about their possible adverse effects on the
freshwater ecosystem. In this study, we present a simple, yet effective,
analytical model of transport of contaminants released in surface waters by
WWTPs. Transport of dissolved species is modeled by solving the advection
dispersion reaction equation (ADRE) along the river network by using a
Lagrangian approach. We applied this model to concentration data of five
pharmaceuticals, diclofenac, ketoprofen, clarithromycin, sulfamethoxazole,
and irbesartan, collected during two field campaigns, conducted in February
and July 2015 in the Adige River, northeastern Italy. The model showed a good
agreement with measurements and the successive application at the monthly
timescale highlighted significant variations of the load due to the interplay
between streamflow seasonality and variation of the anthropogenic pressure,
chiefly due to the variability of touristic fluxes. Since the data required
by the model are widely available, our model is suitable for large-scale
applications.
Assessing the tsunami mitigation effectiveness of the planned Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR), Indonesia
Authors:   Syamsidik,   Tursina, Suppasri Anawat , Al'ala Musa , Luthfi Mumtaz , Comfort Louise K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This research aimed to assess the tsunami flow velocity and height
reduction produced by a planned elevated road parallel to the coast
of Banda Aceh, called the Banda Aceh Outer Ring Road (BORR). The road will
transect several lagoons, settlements, and bare land around the coast of
Banda Aceh. Beside its main function to reduce traffic congestion in the
city, the BORR is also proposed to reduce the impacts of future tsunamis. The Cornell
Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) was used to simulate eight
scenarios of the tsunami. One of them was based on the 2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami. Two magnitudes of earthquake were used, that is, 8.5 and
9.15 Mw. Both the earthquakes were generated from the same
source location as in the 2004 case, around the Andaman Sea. Land use data of
the innermost layer of the simulation area were adopted based on the 2004
condition and the land use planning of the city for 2029. The results of this
study reveal that the tsunami inundation area can be reduced by about 9 %
by using the elevated road for the earthquake of magnitude 9.15 Mw and
about 22 % for the earthquake of magnitude 8.5 Mw. Combined with
the land use planning 2029, the elevated road could reduce the maximum flow
velocities behind the road by about 72 %. Notably, the proposed land use
for 2029 will not be sufficient to deliver any effects on the tsunami
mitigation without the elevated road structures. We recommend the city to
construct the elevated road as this could be part of the co-benefit
structures for tsunami mitigation. The proposed BORR appears to deliver a significant reduction of impacts of the smaller intensity tsunamis compared
to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
Tres tonos para narrar la fiesta: Agustín Yáñez, Juan Rulfo y Juan José Arreola
Authors: Alemany Bay Carmen 
Published: January 2019

Tres narradores jaliscienses, representantes de la mejor narrativa mexicana de los años cincuenta y sesenta -Agustín Yáñez, Juan Rulfo y Juan José Arreola-, abordan la temática de lo festivo en parte de su obra. Yáñez lo hace en algunos de los relatos de Los sentidos al aire; Rulfo se detiene en el malditismo de lo festivo en algunas escenas de Pedro Páramo así como también en algunos relatos de El Llano en llamas. Por su parte Juan José Arreola recurrirá en su novela La feria a las festividades de Zapotlán para resaltar el valor de lo idiosincrático así como la pugna entre lo religioso y lo festivo. Numerosos son los puntos de concurrencia entre los textos citados, y a ellos acudiremos, pero principalmente queremos resaltar los diferentes tonos que convergen en sus ficciones para abordar un mismo tema, las diversas atmósferas y perspectivas así como las estrategias narrativas. En definitiva, reconocer sus diferentes capacidades retóricas para desentrañar el valor metafórico de la fiesta.
La ficción y la libertad. Una aproximación a la dimensión política de la poética vargasllosiana sobre la ficción
Authors: Valenzuela Garcés Jorge 
Published: January 2019

En este artículo nos proponemos estudiar la dimensión política de la concepción vargasllosiana sobre la ficción. Para tal efecto, relacionaremos esta concepción, de raíz antropológica, con las bases ideológicas del liberalismo que se visibilizan en las reflexiones del autor al momento de postular un conjunto de ideas en torno al papel que cumplen las ficciones en la sociedad y las relaciones que establecen con la libertad individual. En este estudio analizamos, fundamentalmente, el texto “El poder de la ficción” publicado por el autor en 1987 y el texto “El viaje a la ficción” que constituye el prefacio al estudio que realiza el autor sobre la obra de Juan Carlos Onetti. Empleamos, para el análisis, el marco general de la teoría de la ficción en la perspectiva antropológica, desarrollada por Wolfgang Iser, las ideas centrales del liberalismo político postuladas por Stuart Mill en su libro Sobre la libertad y los conceptos de sociedad abierta y sociedad cerrada desarrollados por Karl Popper en su libro La sociedad abierta y sus enemigos.
Análisis y establecimiento de una jerarquía de valores del alumnado de ciclos formativos de grado medio-superior de formación profesional mediante un proceso de triangulación analítica
Authors: Rodríguez-Sabiote Clemente , Álvarez Rodríguez José , López Núñez Juan Antonio , Campos Soto María Natalia 
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la importancia que el alumnado del ciclo formativo de Grado Medio-Superior de la provincia de Granada (España), concede a un conjunto de valores. Mediante un estudio de encuesta se ha establecido una jerarquización axiológica validada mediante un proceso de triangulación analítica. La conclusión más relevante del estudio es el establecimiento de una jerarquización distribuida en cuatro grupos: en el primero de ellos, de muy alta relevancia, se sitúan ítems que denotan valores como: la afectividad, la empatía, la felicidad y la creatividad. En el segundo grupo, de alta relevancia, destacan valores como: la motivación, alimentación sana, ejercicio físico, medio ambiente, valorarse, capacidad de elección, resolución de conflictos, familia, etc. El tercer grupo, de relevancia moderada, está configurado por ítems que hacen alusión a: cambiar de puesto de trabajo, dejarse llevar por los instintos, sacar buenas notas, democracia, ser español, la política, diversidad de religiones, etc. El último grupo, de baja relevancia, está relacionado con valores como el deterioro del medio ambiente y la prospectiva de futuro.
Let’s talk emotions: A case study on affective grammar
Authors: Clark Madeline , Khaled Najia , Kohn Miriam , Armoskaite Solveiga 
Published: January 2019

English speakers have a choice between the forms ‘let’s talk x’ and ‘let’s talk about x’. We argue that the choice is an example of affective domain intersecting with grammar. To build our case, we explore the contrast between these two forms as it is manifested through syntactic, pragmatic, and semantic constraints. We conclude considering alternative views on idiomaticity and noun incorporation and presenting questions for future research.
Building a Coalition with Depoliticized Sustainability Discourse: The Case of a Transdisciplinary Transition Management Arena in Peru
Authors: Noboa Eduardo , Upham Paul , Heinrichs Harald 
Published: January 2019

Transition management uses the depoliticized, rational discourse of systems terms, social learning and societal reflexivity. Transdisciplinary sustainability science research similarly uses the politically neutral terms of supporting the coproduction and integration of different types of knowledge. Yet both are clearly normative, resting on notions of participatory democracy and adopting environmental and social sustainability as explicit norms. Here we present the case of a transdisciplinary transition management arena in Peru, convened to develop a vision of a lower carbon, more decentralized and resilient national energy system. We show how the characteristics of the arena can help to foster the necessary conditions for empowerment and how these in turn both support &ndash; and are supported by - the ability of participants from different backgrounds generate shared problem statements, visions and strategies, building towards a coalition for change. While it remains to be seen how politically influential such arenas can be in the medium and long term, we show that depoliticized, rational sustainability discourse nonetheless has a political role to play in helping to legitimize informal institutional efforts towards energy policy change.

Highlights

Transition management and transdisciplinary sustainability science rationales are complementary
These rationales are integrated in a Transdisciplinary Transition Management Arena (TTMA) framework
The TTMA is applied with Peruvian energy system stakeholders holding marginalised views on energy futures
A vision for a low carbon Peru is developed that emphasises the inclusion of distributed renewables

The TTMA is assessed in terms of its capacity to support conditions for the empowerment of marginalised policy stakeholders
Teaching Socio-Legal Research Methodology: Participant Observation. Special Issue on Active Learning and Teaching in Legal Education
Authors: Simon Thomas Marc A. 
Published: January 2019

Teaching Socio-Legal Research Methodology: Participant Observation. Special Issue on Active Learning and Teaching in Legal Education
The basics of how to conduct participant observation are not taught in law schools. This is striking because this methodology has become a common feature of qualitative research and could be very useful in sociolegal research. For those interested in studying ‘law in practice’ instead of ‘law in the books’, qualitative research methods like participant observation are inevitable. However, participant observation is, at best, secondary in the literature on qualitative research in the sociolegal discipline, while there is no guidance on how to conduct this technique whatsoever.Therefore, this article is written with two audiences in mind: It should serve as a useful reference and guide for those who teach qualitative research methods in legal education and who are looking to enhance their knowledge and skills concerning participant observation; it is also meant to serve as a basic primer for the beginning sociolegal researcher who is about to become a participating observer for the first time.
[2+2+2] Cycloadditions of Alkynes with Heterocumulenes and Nitriles
Authors: Staudaher Nicholas D. , Stolley Ryan M. , Louie Janis 
Published: January 2019

[2+2+2] Cycloadditions of heterocumulenes and nitriles represent an efficient, atom‐economical method of synthesizing heterocycles and, to a lesser extent, carbocycles. Cycloadditions of heterocumulenes including isocyanates, carbodiimides, carbon dioxide, carbon disulfide, ketenes, as well as nitriles are explored. The heterocumulene is typically coupled with an alkyne or diyne, forming 6‐membered heterocycles, although multiple heterocumulenes are sometimes incorporated. The reactions are generally catalyzed by late‐transition‐metal catalysts, albeit nucleophilic catalysts and early‐transition metals are sometimes used.
[2+2+2]; cycloaddition; heterocumulene; isocyanate; carbodiimide; carbon dioxide; carbon disulfide; ketene; nitrile; alkyne; diyne; pyridone; pyridine; transition‐metal catalysis
In Situ Observation Reveals Local Detachment Mechanisms and Suction Effects in Micropatterned Adhesives
Authors: Tinnemann Verena , Hernández Luissé , Fischer Sarah C. L. , Arzt Eduard , Bennewitz Roland , Hensel René 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFibrillar adhesion pads of insects and geckoes have inspired the design of high‐performance adhesives enabling a new generation of handling devices. Despite much progress over the last decade, the current understanding of these adhesives is limited to single contact pillars and the behavior of whole arrays is largely unexplored. In the study reported here, a novel approach is taken to gain insight into the detachment mechanisms of whole micropatterned arrays. Individual contacts are imaged by frustrated total internal reflection, allowing in situ observation of contact formation and separation during adhesion tests. The detachment of arrays is found to be governed by the distributed adhesion strength of individual pillars, but no collaborative effect mediated by elastic interactions can be detected. At the maximal force, about 30% of the mushroom structures are already detached. The adhesive forces decrease with reduced air pressure by 20% for the smooth and by 6% for the rough specimen. These contributions are attributed to a suction effect, whose strength depends critically on interfacial defects controlling the sealing quality of the contact. This dominates the detachment process and the resulting adhesion strength.
3D‐Bioprinted Mini‐Brain: A Glioblastoma Model to Study Cellular Interactions and Therapeutics
Authors: Heinrich Marcel Alexander , Bansal Ruchi , Lammers Twan , Zhang Yu Shrike , Michel Schiffelers Raymond , Prakash Jai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlioblastoma‐associated macrophages (GAMs) play a crucial role in the progression and invasiveness of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); however, the exact crosstalk between GAMs and glioblastoma cells is not fully understood. Furthermore, there is a lack of relevant in vitro models to mimic their interactions. Here, novel 3D‐bioprinted mini‐brains consisting of glioblastoma cells and macrophages are presented as tool to study the interactions between these two cell types and to test therapeutics that target this interaction. It is demonstrated that in the mini‐brains, glioblastoma cells actively recruit macrophages and polarize them into a GAM‐specific phenotype, showing clinical relevance to transcriptomic and patient survival data. Furthermore, it is shown that macrophages induce glioblastoma cell progression and invasiveness in the mini‐brains. Finally, it is demonstrated how therapeutics can inhibit the interaction between GAMs and tumor cells resulting in reduced tumor growth and more sensitivity to chemotherapy. It is envisioned that this 3D‐bioprinted tumor model is used to improve the understanding of tumor biology and for evaluating novel cancer therapeutics.
Modular Metal–Organic Polyhedra Superassembly: From Molecular‐Level Design to Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhu Wei , Guo Jimin , Ju Yi , Serda Rita E. , Croissant Jonas G. , Shang Jin , Coker Eric , Agola Jacob Ongudi , Zhong Qi‐Zhi , Ping Yuan , Caruso Frank , Brinker C. Jeffrey 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTargeted drug delivery remains at the forefront of biomedical research but remains a challenge to date. Herein, the first superassembly of nanosized metal–organic polyhedra (MOP) and their biomimetic coatings of lipid bilayers are described to synergistically combine the advantages of micelles and supramolecular coordination cages for targeted drug delivery. The superassembly technique affords unique hydrophobic features that endow individual MOP to act as nanobuilding blocks and enable their superassembly into larger and well‐defined nanocarriers with homogeneous sizes over a broad range of diameters. Various cargos are controllably loaded into the MOP with high payloads, and the nanocages are then superassembled to form multidrug delivery systems. Additionally, functional nanoparticles are introduced into the superassemblies via a one‐pot process for versatile bioapplications. The MOP superassemblies are surface‐engineered with epidermal growth factor receptors and can be targeted to cancer cells. In vivo studies indicated the assemblies to have a substantial circulation half‐life of 5.6 h and to undergo renal clearance—characteristics needed for nanomedicines.
Conjugated Donor–Acceptor Terpolymers Toward High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Dang Dongfeng , Yu Donghong , Wang Ergang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe development of conjugated alternating donor–acceptor (D–A) copolymers with various electron‐rich and electron‐deficient units in polymer backbones has boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 17% for polymer solar cells (PSCs) over the past two decades. However, further enhancements in PCEs for PSCs are still imperative to compensate their imperfect stability for fulfilling practical applications. Meanwhile development of these alternating D–A copolymers is highly demanding in creative design and syntheses of novel D and/or A monomers. In this regard, when being possible to adopt an existing monomer unit as a third component from its libraries, either a D′ unit or an A′ moiety, to the parent D–A type polymer backbones to afford conjugated D–A terpolymers, it will give a facile and cost‐effective method to improve their light absorption and tune energy levels and also interchain packing synergistically. Moreover, the rationally controlled stoichiometry for these components in such terpolymers also provides access for further fine‐tuning these factors, thus resulting in high‐performance PSCs. Herein, based on their unique features, the recent progress of conjugated D–A terpolymers for efficient PSCs is reviewed and it is discussed how these factors influence their photovoltaic performance, for providing useful guidelines to design new terpolymers toward high‐efficiency PSCs.
Pseudohalides in Lead‐Based Perovskite Semiconductors
Authors: Walker Bright , Kim Gi‐Hwan , Kim Jin Young 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe emerging class of lead halide perovskite (LHP) semiconductors offers a surprising combination of low cost, ease of preparation, outstanding material properties, and performance in optoelectronic devices that has not yet been observed in any other class of material. Considering their general ABX3 formula, the halide (X) composition in LHP compositions has proven to be one of the best handles to control the material characteristics such as bandgap, morphology, and electronic properties. However, compared to the amount of effort that has been expended to discover new A cations and B cations, relatively few reports have dealt with the subject of discovering new X anions outside of the series of halides (Cl−, Br−, I−). In principal, a much wider range of anions with a −1 charge (pseudohalides) may form the ABX3 stoichiometry with Pb2+, yet the general ability of polyatomic pseudohalides to form semiconducting perovskite crystal phases with Pb2+ remains an open question. Herein, the prospect of using polyatomic pseudohalide anions in LHP semiconductors is addressed.