bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language Proficiency and Dominance Considerations When Working With Spanish–English Bilingual Adults
Authors: Vicente Manuel , Calandruccio Lauren , Miller Margaret K. , Browning Jenna M. , Oleson Jacob , Leibold Lori J. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
As the Hispanic population continues to increase within the United States, there is a pressing need to incorporate rigorous and efficient clinical assessments of language dominance and proficiency when working with Spanish–English bilingual patients. The purpose of this study was to begin addressing this need by evaluating the association between language dominance and language proficiency.

Method

The association between scores for the English Versant Test (
Pearson Education, 2010
), an automated assessment of spoken language proficiency, and dominance and proficiency scores obtained using the Bilingual Language Profile, a self-report questionnaire was evaluated.

Results
The results indicated that half of the variance in the English Versant Test was explained by the response to a single question included in the Bilingual Language Profile.

Conclusion
These data support the inclusion of asking patients to not only indicate how many languages they speak but, for those patients that speak more than 1 language, to also ask how well they understand each of the languages.
How Old Do You Think I Am? Speech-Language Predictors of Perceived Age and Communicative Competence
Authors: Gordon Jean K. , Andersen Kim , Perez Gabriella , Finnegan Eileen 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Spoken language serves as a primary means of social interaction, but speech and language skills change with age, a potential source of age-related stereotyping. The goals of this study were to examine how accurately age could be estimated from language samples, to determine which speech and language cues were most informative, and to assess the impact of perceived age on judgments of the speakers' communication skills.

Method
We analyzed narratives from 84 speakers aged 30–89 years to identify age-related differences and compared these differences to factors affecting perceptions of age and communicative competence. Three groups of raters estimated the speakers' ages and judged the quality of their communication: 44 listeners listened to audio-recorded narratives, 51 readers read transcripts of the narratives, and 24 voice raters listened to 10-s samples of speech extracted from one of the narratives.

Results
Older speakers spoke more slowly but showed minimal linguistic differences compared to younger speakers. Speakers' ages were estimated quite accurately, even from 10-s samples. Estimates were largely based on cues available in the acoustic signal—speech rate and vocal characteristics—so listeners were more accurate than readers. However, an overreliance on these cues also contributed to overestimates of speakers' ages. Communication ratings were not strongly related to perceived age but were influenced by various aspects of speech and language. In particular, speakers who produced longer narratives and spoke more quickly were judged to be better communicators.

Conclusion
Speakers tend to be judged on relatively superficial aspects of spoken language, in part because age-related change is most evident at these levels. Implications of these findings for age-related theories of stereotyping and speech-language intervention are discussed.
Effects of Social Stress on Autonomic, Behavioral, and Acoustic Parameters in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Bauerly Kim R. , Jones Robin M. , Miller Charlotte 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess changes in autonomic, behavioral, and acoustic measures in response to social stress in adults who stutter (AWS) compared to adults who do not stutter (ANS).MethodParticipants completed the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (Speilberger, Gorsuch, Luschene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983). In order to provoke social stress, participants were required to complete a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST-M,Kirschbaum, Pirke, & Hellhammer, 1993), which included completing a nonword reading task and then preparing and delivering a speech to what was perceived as a group of professionals trained in public speaking. Autonomic nervous system changes were assessed by measuring skin conductance levels, heart rate, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Behavioral changes during speech production were measured in errors, percentage of syllable stuttered, percentage of other disfluencies, and speaking rate. Acoustic changes were measured using 2nd formant frequency fluctuations. In order to make comparisons of speech with and without social–cognitive stress, measurements were collected while participants completed a speaking task before and during TSST-M conditions.ResultsAWS showed significantly higher levels of self-reported state and trait anxiety compared to ANS. Autonomic nervous system changes revealed similar skin conductance level and heart rate across pre–TSST-M and TSST-M conditions; however, RSA levels were significantly higher in AWS compared to ANS across conditions. There were no differences found between groups for speaking rate, fundamental frequency, and percentage of other disfluencies when speaking with or without social stress. However, acoustic analysis revealed higher levels of 2nd formant frequency fluctuations in the AWS compared to the controls under pre–TSST-M conditions, followed by a decline to a level that resembled controls when speaking under the TSST-M condition.DiscussionResults suggest that AWS, compared to ANS, engage higher levels of parasympathetic control (i.e., RSA) during speaking, regardless of stress level. Higher levels of self-reported state and trait anxiety support this view point and suggest that anxiety may have an indirect role on articulatory variability in AWS.
Validation of a Parent Report Tool for Monitoring Early Vocal Stages in Infants
Authors: Moeller Mary Pat , Thomas Anne E. , Oleson Jacob , Ambrose Sophie E. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeTracking of infants' progression through early vocal stages supports the identification of children at risk for language delays and guides early intervention for children with disabilities. However, few clinical tools are available to support systematic assessment of infants' early vocal development. This study sought to develop and conduct a preliminary evaluation of the validity of a parent report tool designed for this purpose, the Vocal Development Landmarks Interview (VDLI).MethodThe participants were caregivers of 160 typically developing 6- to 21-month-old infants. Caregivers participated in the VDLI, which uses audio samples of authentic infant vocalizations to query parents regarding their children's vocal behaviors. The VDLI yields 3 subscale scores (Precanonical, Canonical, and Word) and a total score. Caregivers also completed sections of the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Caregiver Questionnaire that yielded a speech composite score.ResultsCross-sectional analyses showed that the VDLI is sensitive to age and captures the expected developmental trajectories of vocal behaviors. A strong, positive correlation (r= .93) was found between VDLI total scores and the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile speech composite score, indicating concurrent validity. Subscales were found to be internally consistent.ConclusionPreliminary findings of sensitivity to age, concurrent validity, and internal consistency provide support for the eventual use of the VDLI as a clinical tool for tracking vocal and early verbal milestones. Future research will explore the level of concordance between parent report and researcher observations of child vocal behaviors.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8330003
Search for gas from the disintegrating rocky exoplanet K2-22b
Authors: Ridden-Harper A. R. , Snellen I. A. G. , Keller C. U. , Mollière P. 
Published: July 2019

Context. The red dwarf star K2-22 is transited every 9.14 h by an object which is best explained by being a disintegrating rocky exoplanet featuring a variable comet-like dust tail. While the dust is thought to dominate the transit light curve, gas is also expected to be present, either from being directly evaporated off the planet or by being produced by the sublimation of dust particles in the tail.
Aims. Both ionized calcium and sodium have large cross-sections, and although present at low abundance, exhibit the strongest atomic absorption features in comets. We therefore also identify these species as the most promising tracers of circumplanetary gas in evaporating rocky exoplanets and search for them in the tail of K2-22 b to constrain the gas-loss and sublimation processes in this enigmatic object.
Methods. We observed four transits of K2-22 b with X-shooter on the Very Large Telescope operated by ESO to obtain time series of intermediate-resolution (R ~ 11 400) spectra. Our analysis focussed on the two sodium D lines (588.995 and 589.592 nm) and the Ca+ triplet (849.802, 854.209, and 866.214 nm). The stellar calcium and sodium absorption was removed using the out-of-transit spectra. We searched for planet-related absorption in the velocity rest frame of the planet, which changes from approximately −66 to +66 km s−1 during the transit.
Results. Since K2-22 b exhibits highly variable transit depths, we analysed the individual nights and their average. By injecting signals we reached 5σ upper limits on the individual nights that range from 11–13% and 1.7–2.0% for the sodium and ionized calcium absorption of the tail, respectively. Night 1 was contaminated by its companion star so we considered weighted averages with and without Night 1 and quote conservative 5σ limits without Night 1 of 9 and 1.4%, respectively. Assuming their mass fractions to be similar to those in the Earth’s crust, these limits correspond to scenarios in which 0.04 and 35% of the transiting dust is sublimated and observed as absorbing gas. However, this assumes the gas to be co-moving with the planet. We show that for the high irradiation environment of K2-22 b, sodium and ionized calcium could be quickly accelerated to 100s of km s−1 owing to radiation pressure and entrainment by the stellar wind, making these species much more difficult to detect. No evidence for such possibly broad and blue-shifted signals are seen in our data.
Conclusions. Future observations aimed at observing circumplanetary gas should take into account the possible broad and blue-shifted velocity field of atomic and ionized species.
Modelling of the B-type binaries CW Cephei and U Ophiuchi
Authors: Johnston C. , Pavlovski K. , Tkachenko A. 
Published: July 2019

Context. Intermediate-mass stars are often overlooked. They are not supernova progenitors, but still host convective cores and complex atmospheres that require computationally expensive treatment. This means that there is a general lack of this class of stars modelled by state-of-the-art stellar structure and evolution codes.Aims. We used high-quality spectroscopy to update the dynamically obtained stellar parameters and to produce a new evolutionary assessment of the bright B0.5+B0.5 and B5V+B5V binary systems CW Cep and U Oph.Methods.We used new spectroscopy obtained with the Hermes spectrograph to revisit the photometric binary solution of the two systems. The updated mass ratio and effective temperatures are incorporated to obtain new dynamical masses for the primary and secondary. With these data we performed evolutionary modelling using isochrone-clouds to investigate the core properties of these stars.Results. We report the first abundances for CW Cep and U Oph, and we report an updated dynamical solution for the two systems. We find that we cannot uniquely constrain the amount of core boundary mixing in any of the stars we consider. Instead, we report their core masses and compare our results to previous studies.Conclusions. We find that the per-cent level precision on fundamental stellar quantities are accompanied with core mass estimates to a precision between ∼5% and 15%. We find that differences in analysis techniques can lead to substantially different evolutionary modelling results, which calls for the compilation of a homogeneously analysed sample to draw inferences on internal physical processes.
Masses of the Hyades white dwarfs
Authors: Pasquini L. , Pala A. F. , Ludwig H.-G. , Lẽao I. C. , de Medeiros J. R. , Weiss A. 
Published: July 2019

Context. It is possible to accurately measure the masses of the white dwarfs (WDs) in the Hyades cluster using gravitational redshift, because the radial velocity of the stars can be obtained independently of spectroscopy from astrometry and the cluster has a low velocity dispersion.
Aims. We aim to obtain an accurate measurement of the Hyades WD masses by determining the mass-to-radius ratio (M/R) from the observed gravitational redshift, and to compare them with masses derived from other methods.
Methods. We analyse archive high-resolution UVES-VLT spectra of six WDs belonging to the Hyades to measure their Doppler shift, from which M/R is determined after subtracting the astrometric radial velocity. We estimate the radii using Gaia photometry as well as literature data.
Results. The M/R error associated to the gravitational redshift measurement is about 5%. The radii estimates, evaluated with different methods, are in very good agreement, though they can differ by up to 4% depending on the quality of the data. The masses based on gravitational redshift are systematically smaller than those derived from other methods, by a minimum of ∼0.02 up to 0.05 solar masses. While this difference is within our measurement uncertainty, the fact that it is systematic indicates a likely real discrepancy between the different methods.
Conclusions. We show that the M/R derived from gravitational redshift measurements is a powerful tool to determine the masses of the Hyades WDs and could reveal interesting properties of their atmospheres. The technique can be improved by using dedicated spectrographs, and can be extended to other clusters, making it unique in its ability to accurately and empirically determine the masses of WDs in open clusters. At the same time we prove that gravitational redshift in WDs agrees with the predictions of stellar evolution models to within a few percent.
Kayser-Fleischer-Ring – kann eine frühe Diagnosestellung den Krankheitsverlauf von Morbus Wilson verbessern?
Authors: Bigdon Eileen , Feuerstacke Jana , Steinhorst Nils Alexander , Spitzer Martin 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungMorbus Wilson ist eine seltene genetische Erkrankung des Kupferstoffwechsels, die zu einer erhöhten Kupferansammlung im Körper führt. Ablagerungen finden sich vor allem in Leber, zentralem Nervensystem, Niere und Auge. Unbehandelt kann die Erkrankung zu Bewegungsstörungen, Persönlichkeitsveränderungen, Leberversagen bis hin zum Tod führen. Differenzialdiagnostisch kommen viele Erkrankungen infrage. Eine Diagnosefindung ist nur durch spezifische Testverfahren möglich. Der Augenarzt hat somit eine besondere Rolle in der Früherkennung eines Morbus Wilson. In unserer Klinik stellte sich eine 19-jährige Patientin mit einem schwachen, im Verlauf entstehenden Kayser-Fleischer-Kornealring mit sonst unauffälligem ophthalmologischen Befund vor. Die Patientin hatte ein progredientes Leberversagen und erhielt 2 Monate nach Erstvorstellung in der Augenklinik eine Lebertransplantation. Eine frühzeitige augenärztliche Mitbeurteilung mit gründlicher Untersuchung ist von entscheidender
Bedeutung für eine schnelle Diagnosestellung. Die Kupferablagerungen finden sich in der Descemet-Membran und beginnen in der Schwalbe-Linie. Der sog. Kayser-Fleischer-Ring zeigt sich an der Descemet-Membran bis zu 5 mm vom Limbus entfernt. Andere mögliche ophthalmologische Manifestationen stellen eine Chalkose der gesamten Descemet, ein Ikterus der Skleren oder eine Sonnenblumenkatarakt dar. Bei fehlenden Kupferablagerungen im Spaltlampenbefund sollte bei einem Verdacht auf einen Morbus Wilson immer auch eine Gonioskopie des Kammerwinkels erfolgen. Eine frühe Diagnosestellung kann Patienten vor unnötigen Komplikationen und Operationen schützen. Behandelt hat der Morbus Wilson eine gute Prognose.
Photorefraktive Keratektomie (PRK) zur Korrektur der Restfehlsichtigkeit nach radiärer Keratotomie
Authors: Filev Filip S. , Kromer Robert , Frings Andreas , Dragneva Darina , Mitov Tosho , Mitova Daniela 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrund In den 80er- und 90er-Jahren des vergangenen Jahrhunderts wurde eine Großzahl myoper Patienten mit radiärer Keratotomie (RK) behandelt. Obwohl in vielen Fällen anfangs gut wirksam, ist dieses Verfahren durch schlechte Vorhersagbarkeit der Langzeitergebnisse gekennzeichnet. Dabei kann es sowohl zur Regression der Myopie als auch zur konsekutiven Hyperopie kommen. In dieser retrospektiven Fallserie präsentieren wir den mittel- und langfristigen postoperativen Verlauf einer Patientengruppe, die mit topografiegesteuerter photorefraktiver Keratotomie (PRK) nach RK behandelt wurde.Material und Methoden In dieser retrospektiven Fallserie wurde der Verlauf von Visus und Refraktion über einen postoperativen Zeitraum von mindestens 6 Monaten (41 Monate im Durchschnitt, Min. 9 Max. 96) bei 16 konsekutiven Patienten (16 Augen) nach PRK zur Korrektur einer Restfehlsichtigkeit nach RK erfasst.Resultate Bei 100% der Augen zeigte sich im Verlauf ein Anstieg des unkorrigierten (UDVA) und bei 56% ein Anstieg des bestkorrigierten Visus (CDVA). Bei keinem der Patienten wurde eine schwere oder visuslimitierende Komplikation dokumentiert. Die Refraktion blieb stabil im Rahmen des Beobachtungszeitraums.Schlussfolgerung Die PRK erwies sich als effektive Methode zur Reduktion einer Restfehlsichtigkeit nach RK. Entscheidend neben der regelrechten Umsetzung der Behandlung ist eine gute Aufklärung der Patienten bez. des zu erwartenden funktionellen Ergebnisses.
Current Status of Segmental Colectomy in Select Crohn's Disease Patients
Authors: Heriot Alexander , Smart Philip 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCrohn's disease is a complex disease with a varying clinical and anatomical spectrum. One-third of patients with Crohn's will have disease confined to the colon. In this article, the authors review the surgical treatment options for colonic Crohn's disease including the current status of performing segmental colectomy in colonic Crohn's, the pros and cons of segmental versus subtotal colectomy, and the influence of biologics on recurrence rates following segmental colectomy.
Management of Complex Anorectal and Perianal Crohn's Disease
Authors: Bolshinsky Vladimir , Church James 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPerianal symptoms occur in up to 50% of patients with Crohn's disease in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, and in 5% of patients it is the first manifestation of the disease. The perianal area is often under stress in patients with Crohn's disease, because of the diarrhea, and the fecal urgency, frequency, and incontinence caused by proximal disease. Symptomatic perianal disease can therefore be due to the effects of the stress on an otherwise normal anus, or the result of Crohn's disease in the low rectum and/or perianal tissues themselves. This key distinction should drive the investigation and management of anal and perianal symptoms in patients with Crohn's disease. In this review, the evaluation and management of the various manifestations of Crohn's disease in the perineum and perianal tissues will be described.
Chondromesenchymal Hamartoma in Ectopic Thyroid Tissue in a Neonate
Authors: Szepesi Agnes , Juhasz Zsolt , Kover Anna , Kajtar Bela , Benedek Noemi , Kalman Endre , Kovesi Tamas , Imre Marianna , Vajda Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA full-term male neonate presented with a left sided cervical lump at the level of the thyroid gland. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a benign heterogeneous solid mass with lobulated margins. The tumor underwent complete excision. Histology revealed the diagnosis of chondromesenchymal hamartoma in ectopic thyroid tissue.
Apixaban Suppresses the Release of TF-Positive Microvesicles and Restrains Cancer Cell Proliferation through Directly Inhibiting TF-fVIIa Activity
Authors: Featherby Sophie , Madkhali Yahya , Maraveyas Anthony , Ettelaie Camille 
Published: July 2019

The activation of protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 by factor Xa (fXa) promotes the release of tissue factor-positive microvesicles (TF+MV), and contributes to proliferation in cancer cells. This study examined the ability of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), apixaban and rivaroxaban, to inhibit the release of TF+MV from two cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and AsPC-1) as well as cell proliferation.Activation of the cells with fXa (10 nM) enhanced the release of TF+MV but was suppressed in the presence of either DOAC. These MVs were found to contain fVIIa, but not fXa. Incubation of cell lines with apixaban (1.8 µM) but not rivaroxaban (1.8 µM), in the absence of fXa decreased the release of TF+MV below that of resting cells, in a PAR2-dependent manner. Furthermore, incubation with apixaban reduced the proliferation rate in both cells lines. Incubation of purified fVIIa with apixaban but not rivaroxaban resulted in complete inhibition of fVIIa proteolytic activity as measured using two fVIIa chromogenic substrates. Pre-incubation of the cells with an inhibitory anti-fVIIa antibody, with apixaban or the blocking of PAR2 suppressed the release of TF+MV to a comparable level, and reduced cell proliferation but the effect was not cumulative.This study has established that the activation of PAR2 by TF–fVIIa complex is the principal mediator in augmenting the release of TF+MV as well as cancer cell proliferation. Importantly, for the first time we have shown that apixaban selectively inhibits the proteolytic activity of fVIIa as well as the signalling arising from the TF–fVIIa complex.
Shall not be infringed: how the NRA used religious language to transform the meaning of the Second Amendment
Authors: Dawson Jessica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the deep meaning of the Second Amendment is critical to understanding American gun culture. The centrality of the Second Amendment in American culture can be better understood through the intersection of American nationalism with Protestant Christianity. This paper argues that the National Rifle Association (NRA) has capitalized on the religious nationalism that arose in the late 1970s alongside the Moral Majority and has increasingly used religious language to shape the discourse surrounding the Second Amendment. Understanding the transformation of the Second Amendment from an important Constitutional amendment to an article of faith in religious nationalism provides new insight about the meaning of guns for American identity. The use of religious rhetoric, such as references to evil combined with references to civic obligation, illustrates the merging of American civic religion with the New Christian Right’s rhetoric. Using issues of the American Rifleman to investigate the changing discourse since the mid-1970s, this paper demonstrates how the NRA increased its use of religious language to frame the political debate about gun rights through a religious nationalist lens.