bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underreamed Anchor with Geotextile Bag and Its Hyperbolic Load versus Displacement Model for Capacity Prediction
Authors: Guo Gang , Tang Aiping , Zhong Guang , Liu Zhong , Hu Xiaochen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Underreamed ground anchor technologies have been developed to increase the capacity of ground anchors referring to reamed piles worldwide. To solve the problem of low anchor cement strength caused by muck and slag in the borehole for a traditional underreamed anchor, this paper introduces an underreamed ground anchor with a geotextile bag. Its structure and installation process are both discussed in detail. Based on the test data from 24 underreamed anchors with geotextile bags at 6 construction sites all over China, a hyperbolic model of the relationship between the load and displacement is presented to predict the capacity of a cylindrical underreamed anchor. Compared with the measured values, the predicted capacities of pointed displacements out of the tested range were sufficiently accurate for engineering practice.
Test Research on Mechanical Property of Cemented Soil Strengthened with Basalt Fiber
Authors: Chen Feng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To enhance the mechanical property of cemented soil, this paper discusses the way of improving the mechanical performance by incorporating basalt fiber into cemented soil. Unconfined compressive strength test is conducted on cemented soil with basalt fiber of different proportions, and the results show that the incorporation of basalt fiber can significantly improve the compressive strength of the cemented soil samples at different ages, but its strengthening effects weaken steadily with the increase of fiber amount. The incorporation of basalt fiber can enhance the plasticity of cemented soil, and the sample at its peak stress can still bear some loading, with some residual strength existing, propitious for the enhancement of engineering safety and stability. Additionally, the relations between the compressive strength and ages of cemented soil with basalt fiber of different proportions are established based on the experiment results, which can provide some references for practical projects.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Specific Factors on the Compressive Strength of Recycled Fine Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Hu Jian , He Xinshan , Li Qingbo , Bai Shaoxiong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this test, the waste concrete is pulverized, and the particles of appropriate diameter are selected as the recycled fine aggregate to replace the natural fine aggregate. Meanwhile, the test materials are processed in different ways, and are finally made into recycled concrete. The processing methods of test materials include: high temperature treatment of concrete particles, partial replacement of cement with fly ash, and replacement of water with sodium silicate solution. To process the materials is to study the influence of its single factor or the multiple coexistent factors on the compressive strength of recycled concrete, and then to explore the most effective method of recycled fine aggregate use under preset conditions. The results show that: 1) When the natural fine aggregate is replaced with the recycled fine aggregate and there is only a single variable factors, the compressive strength of the recycled concrete increase most obviously after the concrete particles are processed through a six-hour-long high temperature heat at 300°C, and when the replacement rate of recycled fine aggregate is about 35%, the strength value is the maximum; 2) When there are multiple variable factors in the test, the compressive strength of the recycled concrete is lower than that of the single variable factors.
Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of New Self-insulated Block
Authors: Bai Ling , Fang Guangxiu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper has developed a dumbbell-shaped self-insulated block with recycled ceramsite concrete as the main body and filled with recycled foam concrete. Through the physical and mechanical properties test, it is concluded that the performance of the block is better than the specification requirements and can be used as a load-bearing block. According to the test results and the normative formula, the correction coefficient of the relationship between the block and the concrete cube is obtained.
Effect of Temperature on Micromechanical Properties of Pol-yvinyl Alcohol Fiber–Matrix interface and Uniaxial Tensile Properties of High-Ductility Cementitious Composites
Authors: Guo Li-ping , Yang Ya’nan , Chen Bo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of temperature on the tensile strength of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, micromechanical properties of the fiber–matrix interface, and macroscopic uniaxial tensile properties of high-ductility cementitious composites (HDCC). In particular, the following values of the temperature of different regions and the glass transition temperature of PVA fibers were selected: –30 °C, 0 °C, 20 °C, 60 °C, and 180 °C. Thermogravi-metric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry of PVA fibers were carried out using a synchronous thermal analyzer. In addition, the micromorphology of failure fibers and the fiber–matrix interface was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that when taking the tensile strength at 20 °C as a reference value, after heat treatment at –30 °C, 0 °C, 60 °C, and 180 °C, the average tensile strength of PVA fibers was 86%, 89%, 88%, and 60% of that at 20 °C, respectively. The ultimate tensile strain value of HDCC was closely related to the treatment temperature: it was the largest at 0 °C; its values at –30 °C and 60 °C were essentially equivalent, its value at 20 °C was small, and its value was the smallest at 180 °C. It can be concluded that after the heat treatment, the tensile strength of PVA fibers decreases to some extent, and there is a piecewise linear relationship between the fiber tensile strength and temperature. Hence, an appropriate heat treatment can reduce the chemical debonding energy and increase the frictional bond strength at the onset of fiber slippage. At the same time, the effect of temperature on the ultimate tensile strain of HDCC is opposite to that on the chemical debonding energy of the fiber–matrix interface.
Chemical Kinetics Analysis of Strength Development of Mortar Containing Fly Ash Based on Various Curing Temperatures
Authors: Ning Fengwei , Bai Yin , Chen Bo , Ding Jiantong , Zhang Feng , Lv Lele 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Due to large size and high internal temperature of hydraulic dams, the strength development process of damming materials is often faster than those under standard curing conditions. In order to further study the strength development features of damming materials under internal temperature conditions, two kinds of fly ash mortars were investigated, of which fly ash content is 40% and 30%. The compressive strength of mortars under three curing temperatures containing 20, 30 and 38°C was tested at 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days, 56 days and 90 days, respectively. Then chemical kinetics equation was employed to describe the strength development features under different temperature conditions. The results show that the compressive strength of fly ash mortar increases with the increase of curing temperature in the range of 20 to 38 °C. The main reason is that the chemical reaction rate of cementitious materials is accelerated by increasing curing temperature. For example, the hydration rate at 30° is 1.6 to 1.9 times of that at 20°, and the hydration rate at 38° is 3.1 to 3.9 times of that at 20°. In addition, the hydration rate of mortar with higher fly ash content is accelerated more. It can be seen that the apparent activation energy of mortar containing 40% of fly ash is 1.2 times of that with 30% of fly ash, and its chemical reaction barrier is higher. Therefore, the equivalent age of mortar with 40% of fly ash is longer and its compressive strength is improved more greatly under temperature-raising conditions.
Elastic Properties of the Remolded Soil During Freezing and Thawing Cycle By Bender Elements
Authors: Zheng Yonglai , Pan Tanbo , Zhou Yubao , Özselek Burcu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The elastic properties such as shear moduli and shear moduli of freezing and thawing soil are important parameters for analyzing the stress distribution and thaw-subsidence of freezing soil and deformation of well casing embedded in freezing soil. This paper presents elastic properties obtained by conducting laboratory testing of sand samples from the area of soil. The bending elements were used to measure the shear wave (S-wave) velocities for evaluating the shear moduli during freezing and thawing. Nine pairs of testing specimens were conditioned from 25°C to -25 °C at an interval of 5 °C for examining the temperature effects during freezing and thawing process, respectively. The test parameters included dry density (1.6,1.8,2.0 g/cm3) and moisture content(6%,9%,the saturation). Test results showed that the wave velocities and the shear moduli in all types of specimens tested exhibit sharp change when the temperature adjacent to 0 °C, likely due to non-uniform freezing point depression caused by the varying structure among specimens. The increase of dry density has positive effect on shear modulus. However, the moisture content has a dual effect on the strength of the sand soil.
Research on microscopic features of salt rock being damaged via loading osmosis on the basis of CT scanning
Authors: Zeng Yin , Liu Jianfeng , Li Zhicheng , Xu Huining , Wang Lu , Zhang Qiangxing 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In order to study the microscopic characteristics of the salt rock being damaged through diverse level of osmosis, CT scans are made to the salt rock before the osmosis loading and after it is damaged, in which the stress-strain is applied to the whole process. The differences of the micro-features of damaged salt rock are discussed. The experimental results show that: (1) the microscopic characteristics observed from CT scan indicate that the critical confining pressure of salt rock is 10MPa. When the confining pressure is lower than 10 MPa, shear crack can be seen obviously in the cross and longitudinal section of the salt rock, with the form of shear damage; While confining pressure is more than 10MPa, the fissure is short and the rock is damaged in a drum-shaped deformation; An impervious point occurs when it exceeds 10MPa. (2) The number of cracks demonstrates the intrinsic crack development of salt rock. The salt rock has a critical point (d=0.6mm) in the number of small cracks (d≤1mm). 0.6mm is the boundary point. When it is 0.6mm or less, the number of fissures in the salt rock with confining pressure of 5MPa is more than those with 10MPa. The larger the diameter of the fissure is, the closer the number of fissures with the above two confining pressures is. While boundary point is more than 0.6mm, it will have the opposite effect. (3) The internal mechanism of that the end effect has an impact on the osmosis evolution of salt rock is uncovered. Due to the stress-intensive effect at the ends, the development path of the small cracks gradually spreads from the both ends to the inside, therefore, the osmosis of the gas osmosis channels at the ends is hindered, resulting in a low salt rock permeability during the loading process.
The Durability and Performance Test methods of the New Type of Pavement Filling Material - An Holistic Review
Authors: Liu Gaojie , Bai Erlei , Xu Jinyu , Wang Tengjiao , Chang Sen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Airport pavement joint weaknesses are one of the important factors that affect airport performance and threaten flight safety. The traditional pavement caulking materials are mainly asphalt-based materials of heating construction type, which are prone to aging, loss of adhesion and other shortcomings in natural environment. Based on the shortcomings of traditional pavement caulking materials, this paper introduces the research and application status of new type of filling caulking materials represented by high-performance elastic polymer materials, with emphasis on its durability, performance testing methods. Finally, it summarizes the existing problems and prospects of the new type of pavement filling caulking materials.
The influence of the warm-mixed agent on the performance of Gussasphalt after superheated aging
Authors: Huang Wenhong , Sun Mingzhi , Qin Yunjie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Gussasphalt has been widely used in steel bridge deck and pavement in China, but it will lead to the pyrolysis aging of gussasphalt binder in the mixing process due to the high temperature and longtime mixing. The effect of improving the aging performance of Gussasphalt was studied by adding warm-mixed agent after superheat aging, and the aging performance between the matrix asphalt and the gussasphalt modified with Sasobit and RH were compared and analyzed. The results show that: RH warm-mixed agent has little effect on the penetration of Gussasphalt binder, while Sasobit warm-mixed agent has more influence on the penetration of Gussasphalt binder. Gussasphalt binder with of 2% RH warm-mixed agent or 1% Sasobit warm-mixed agent is the optimum mix dosage. The adding of 2% RH warm-mixed agent or 1% Sasobit warm-mixed agent can effectively decrease the mixing temperature of the mixture, and Sasobit’s effect is better.
Road performance of tourmaline/rubber powder modified asphalt mixture
Authors: Fu Hao , Chen Qian , Song Zhi , Xiao Xudang , Fan Zhentong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To study the effects of tourmaline type and content on the road performance of rubber powder modified asphalt mixture, different types of tourmaline rubber powder modified asphalt mixtures were prepared by adding tourmaline powder instead of equal weight mineral filler into the mixtures. Based on indoor simulation test, the high temperature stability, low temperature crack resistance and water stability of rubber powder modified asphalt mixture under different tourmaline type and content were systematically analyzed. The results show that with the increase of tourmaline powder content, the road performance of asphalt mixtures show an overall growth trend. The 60 °C of rutting test dynamic stability, the -10 °C of bending test flexural-tensile strain, immersion residual Marshall stability and freeze-thaw splitting tensile strength ratio of rubber powder modified asphalt mixtures with tourmaline powder increase by 12.5-19.6%, 7.5-12%, 1.8-4.7% and 1.7-4.3%, respectively.
Social Significance of Technical Water Purification and Treatment Plants – on the Cusp of New Functions of the technical Service Buildings of Cities
Authors: Wojtowicz-Wrobel Agnieszka 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Departure from environmentally unfriendly public attitudes and the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the management of natural resources among the residents of cities lead to pro-environmental design efforts—including planning and urban-design-related ones, for the shaping of urban structures. One of the elements of cities that, on the one hand, stir public emotions and on the other constitute an inseparable element of the urban organism, are structures that provide technical services to cities. Examples of these structures include wastewater treatment and water purification plants. The goal of this article is an attempt at finding an answer to the question about what role do wastewater treatment and water purification plants currently play in the structure of Polish cities and what other roles can they play. Particular emphasis was placed on the public reception of such structures. Based on Polish cases, this reception appears to most often be either neutral or negative. The author explores the mechanism of these reactions and their causes, particularly in reference to other structures that provide technical services to cities (e.g. eco-incineration plants, whose construction is faced with intense opposition from residents in Polish conditions almost every time). The author searches for an answer to the question about the cause of public opposition to the construction of these types of structures, and whether we can—and if so, then how—prevent such public attitudes in relation to these types of structures.
Ecological Urban Agriculture from the Point of View Basic Elements of Sustainability
Authors: Posivakova Terezia , Svajlenka Jozef , Hromada Rudolf , Korim Peter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Population grows fastest in the world’s urban and metropolitan cities, the number of inhabitants in so-called metropolitan cities and in urban and suburban zones are expanding into the surrounding natural landscape. Consequence of these changes is the gradual displacement of natural greenery and nature from cities and newly created residential satellites designed to build residential and public amenities. In recent years, is more commonly used sustainable development phenomenon which has become as a responding trend to of cities and municipalities and the implementation of so-called urban gardens intended for growing crops within the communities of the population. In view of mentioned facts the presented article focuses on ecological urban agriculture in terms of the main components of sustainability as an element contributing to the sustainable development of cities and suburban zones.
Spatial Memory: A Childhood House a Proposed Model of the Memory and Architecture Relationship
Authors: Ozak Nilufer , Pulat Gokmen Gulcin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper has been shaped and developed on the proposition that a relationship exists between memory and architecture. The mechanics of memory have been studied for many years by various disciplines and its connection with architecture, either individual or collective, forms the spatial memory in architecture. In the formation of this spatial memory, the interaction with one’s environment and the memory of this interaction stored in one’s brain makes the ability to remember and recall the important. Consciously, what significance do people attribute to remembered spaces? How do they value them, in their own words? How do the remembered spaces interact with them? Can spatial memory emerge and bring new values to architecture? This study aims to investigate the importance of the formation of spatial memory in an individual’s dynamic relationship with any particular space. A “Childhood House” has been selected as the space for the study. There are many scholarly books that address the space of the house where it has been a particular focus from a memory point such that it collects an individual’s past relationship with the space. The recollection of the childhood house by an individual relates the spatial relationship one has with memories of the past. Spatial memory, which has been formed on concepts of memory, perception and this house, is analysed in a proposed model aimed at explaining what spatial elements might be the inputs in forming spatial memory. Individual features, the social environment of the era and physical characteristics of the space are selected as the main features to form the spatial memory of a childhood house. The model also puts forward several sub-features which enhance the recall moment of an individual when interacting with a space. Main and sub-feature inputs of the model form multi-layered spatial memory outputs which show the brain’s ability to code, store and recall. Twenty individuals were chosen to contribute to the study, using their recall of childhood house memories to respond to pre-set memory/space related questions. Each individual’s spatial recall verified that the proposed memory/space relationship model showed clear evidence that the spatial memory is formed under the influence of these three important characteristics: Individual, social/cultural and physical interaction act in concert to constitute a spatial memory.
Heterotopic Urban [A]Destinations
Authors: Guatelli Igor 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Different from the Utopias, normally treated as a unique projection of an ideal future, despite their multivalent potentiality of refusal, the heterotopies are always plural, multiple unique places in their existences; places at the margin of universal and universalizing logics. The term is connected to one of the discussions held by Foucault [1] on the existence of unique spaces, which dispositions in the society transform them in deviant or diachronic spaces in relation to the cultures, in which they are inserted. They are spaces administrated and managed according to quite specific laws, on the one hand, inverted images of the logic to which they belong or which they reflect; spatial differentiations resulting from the social realities and logics of which they are repressed and begin to illustrate in an inverted manner and, on the other hand, they take on the role and the chance to be spaces with a onto-teleologic dimension (existence and purpose) that may be disturbed by temporary situations capable of introducing other impermanent operating logics (events of heterochrony). Which were the logics that came as social and spatial becoming “with” the heterotopics places: The Viaduc des Arts in Paris, the Spitellau Viaduct in Wien, the High Line Park in New York and the still “hesitant” transformation of Elevado João Goulart, in São Paulo, into a park? Which infrastructural spectra are those which, when they return as antagonists of what they were or what they insist on being, deflagrate other sociabilities? What was expropriated from these infrastructures at the moment they returned and return, and are socially re-appropriated, according to another city-planning logic? What is in front of us and what is still to be seen as an urban and social phenomenon? This entity that returns is edited by visible and spectral forces, invisible, or by what is apparently beyond and beneath the thing, surrounding it, underlaying it but, even so and despite of it, already is or still is the thing itself.
Glass Fins – A Structural and Aesthetical Application in Glass Facades
Authors: Brzezicki Marcin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The use of glass fins constitutes a recently emerging trend in the façade industry. Fins (ribs) could be defined as long glass strips mounted perpendicularly to the surface of the façade. Fins are used as (i) decorative (aesthetical enrichment of the facade), (ii) functional (sunshade) and (iii) structural (stiffening and load-bearing) elements of the facade. The overall trend of using glass fins is a result of the abundance of proper quality glass, that allows for safe use of relatively small elements that are point mounted or fixed in a different way to the surface of the facade. This glass fin trend deserves a review, illustrated with the on-site made photographs showing different areas of application. The given review of the application of glass fins is based on a general morphology study of transparent facades that the author conducted through the year 2017-2019, and including the position of the fin, the orientation of the fin, and the transmissive qualities of the fin – transparent, translucent and screen-printed. Fins could be also addressed as a formal articulation element strategic from the point of the building’s architectural form.