bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation, coverage and equity of large-scale door-to-door delivery of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) to children under 10 in Senegal
Authors: Bâ El-Hadj , Pitt Catherine , Dial Yankhoba , Faye Sylvain Landry , Cairns Matt , Faye Ernest , Ndiaye Mouhamed , Gomis Jules-Francois , Faye Babacar , Ndiaye Jean Louis , Sokhna Cheikh , Gaye Oumar , Cissé Badara , Milligan Paul 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSMC has been introduced widely in the Sahel since its recommendation by WHO in 2012. This study, which provided evidence of feasibility that supported the recommendation, included school-age and pre-school children. School-age children were not included in the 2012 recommendation but bear an increasing proportion of cases. In 2006, consultations with health-staff were held to choose delivery methods. The preferred approach, door-to-door with the first daily-dose supervised by a community-health-worker (CHW), was piloted and subsequently evaluated on a large-scale in under-5’s in 2008 and then in under-10’s 2009–2010. Coverage was higher among school-age children (96%(95%CI 94%,98%) received three treatments in 2010) than among under 5’s (90%(86%,94%)). SMC was more equitable than LLINs (odds-ratio for increase in coverage for a one-level rise in socioeconomic-ranking (a 5-point scale), was 1.1 (0.95,1.2) in 2009, compared with OR 1.3 (1.2,1.5) for sleeping under an LLIN. Effective communication was important in achieving high levels of uptake. Continued training and supervision were needed to ensure CHWs adhered to treatment guidelines. SMC door-to-door can, if carefully supervised, achieve high equitable coverage and high-quality delivery. SMC programmes can be adapted to include school-age children, a neglected group that bears a substantial burden of malaria.
Proteolysis inhibition by hibernating bear serum leads to increased protein content in human muscle cells
Authors: Chanon Stéphanie , Chazarin Blandine , Toubhans Benoit , Durand Christine , Chery Isabelle , Robert Maud , Vieille-Marchiset Aurélie , Swenson Jon E. , Zedrosser Andreas , Evans Alina L. , Brunberg Sven , Arnemo Jon M. , Gauquelin-Koch Guillemette , Storey Kenneth B. , Simon Chantal , Blanc Stéphane , Bertile Fabrice , Lefai Etienne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMuscle atrophy is one of the main characteristics of human ageing and physical inactivity, with resulting adverse health outcomes. To date, there are still no efficient therapeutic strategies for its prevention and/or treatment. However, during hibernation, bears exhibit a unique ability for preserving muscle in conditions where muscle atrophy would be expected in humans. Therefore, our objective was to determine whether there are components of bear serum which can control protein balance in human muscles. In this study, we exposed cultured human differentiated muscle cells to bear serum collected during winter and summer periods, and measured the impact on cell protein content and turnover. In addition, we explored the signalling pathways that control rates of protein synthesis and degradation. We show that the protein turnover of human myotubes is reduced when incubated with winter bear serum, with a dramatic inhibition of proteolysis involving both proteasomal and lysosomal systems, and resulting in an increase in muscle cell protein content. By modulating intracellular signalling pathways and inducing a protein sparing phenotype in human muscle cells, winter bear serum therefore holds potential for developing new tools to fight human muscle atrophy and related metabolic disorders.
Facile fabrication of wire-type indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors applicable to ultrasensitive flexible sensors
Authors: Kim Yeong-gyu , Tak Young Jun , Kim Hee Jun , Kim Won-Gi , Yoo Hyukjoon , Kim Hyun Jae 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe fabricated wire-type indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) using a self-formed cracked template based on a lift-off process. The electrical characteristics of wire-type IGZO TFTs could be controlled by changing the width and density of IGZO wires through varying the coating conditions of template solution or multi-stacking additional layers. The fabricated wire-type devices were applied to sensors after functionalizing the surface. The wire-type pH sensor showed a sensitivity of 45.4 mV/pH, and this value was an improved sensitivity compared with that of the film-type device (27.6 mV/pH). Similarly, when the wire-type device was used as a glucose sensor, it showed more variation in electrical characteristics than the film-type device. The improved sensing properties resulted from the large surface area of the wire-type device compared with that of the film-type device. In addition, we fabricated wire-type IGZO TFTs on flexible substrates and confirmed that such structures were very resistant to mechanical stresses at a bending radius of 10 mm.
Novel Chlamydia species isolated from snakes are temperature-sensitive and exhibit decreased susceptibility to azithromycin
Authors: Staub Eveline , Marti Hanna , Biondi Roberta , Levi Aurora , Donati Manuela , Leonard Cory Ann , Ley Serej D. , Pillonel Trestan , Greub Gilbert , Seth-Smith Helena M. B. , Borel Nicole 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChlamydia species have recently been recognized as emerging pathogens in snakes. However, isolation of novel snake chlamydiae is critical and their growth characteristics are largely unknown. In this study, two novel chlamydial species are described: Chlamydia serpentis and Chlamydia poikilothermis, isolated after attempts on 23 cloacal and choanal swabs from 18 PCR-positive captive snakes originating from different Swiss snake collections. Isolation success, growth curve and infectivity rates over a 48-hour time period were dependent on temperature (37 °C for C. serpentis, 28 °C for C. poikilothermis). C. serpentis and C. poikilothermis were sensitive to tetracycline and moxifloxacin during evaluation by in vitro antibiotic susceptibility assay but intermediate to resistant (2–4 μg/ml) to azithromycin. Whole genome sequencing of the isolates provided proof of the novel species status, and gives insights into the evolution of these branches of genus Chlamydia.
Effect of Phosphatidylserine and Cholesterol on Membrane-mediated Fibril Formation by the N-terminal Amyloidogenic Fragment of Apolipoprotein A-I
Authors: Mizuguchi Chiharu , Nakamura Mitsuki , Kurimitsu Naoko , Ohgita Takashi , Nishitsuji Kazuchika , Baba Teruhiko , Shigenaga Akira , Shimanouchi Toshinori , Okuhira Keiichiro , Otaka Akira , Saito Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHere, we examined the effects of phosphatidylserine (PS) and cholesterol on the fibril-forming properties of the N-terminal 1‒83 fragment of an amyloidogenic G26R variant of apoA-I bound to small unilamellar vesicles. A thioflavin T fluorescence assay together with microscopic observations showed that PS significantly retards the nucleation step in fibril formation by apoA-I 1‒83/G26R, whereas cholesterol slightly enhances fibril formation. Circular dichroism analyses demonstrated that PS facilitates a structural transition from random coil to α-helix in apoA-I 1‒83/G26R with great stabilization of the α-helical structure upon lipid binding. Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements revealed that PS induces a marked increase in capacity for binding of apoA-I 1‒83/G26R to the membrane surface, perhaps due to electrostatic interactions of positively charged amino acids in apoA-I with PS. Such effects of PS to enhance lipid interactions and inhibit fibril formation of apoA-I were also observed for the amyloidogenic region-containing apoA-I 8‒33/G26R peptide. Fluorescence measurements using environment-sensitive probes indicated that PS induces a more solvent-exposed, membrane-bound conformation in the amyloidogenic region of apoA-I without affecting membrane fluidity. Since cell membranes have highly heterogeneous lipid compositions, our findings may provide a molecular basis for the preferential deposition of apoA-I amyloid fibrils in tissues and organs.
Anthropogenic disturbance keeps the coastal seafloor biogeochemistry in a transient state
Authors: van de Velde Sebastiaan , Van Lancker Vera , Hidalgo-Martinez Silvia , Berelson William M. , Meysman Filip J. R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCoastal sediments and continental shelves play a crucial role in global biogeochemistry, as they form the prime site of organic carbon burial. Bottom trawling and dredging are known to increasingly impact the coastal seafloor through relocation and homogenisation of sediments, yet little is known about the effects of such anthropogenic sediment reworking on the overall cycling of carbon and other elements within the coastal seafloor. Here, we document the transient recovery of the seafloor biogeochemistry after an in situ disturbance. Evidence from pore-water data and model simulations reveal a short-term increase in the overall carbon mineralisation rate, as well as a longer-term shift in the redox pathways of organic matter mineralisation, favouring organoclastic sulphate reduction over methane formation. This data suggests that anthropogenic sediment reworking could have a sizeable impact on the carbon cycle in cohesive sediments on continental shelves. This imprint will increase in the near future, along with the growing economic exploitation of the coastal ocean.
Adsorption and protective behavior of BTAH on the initial atmospheric corrosion process of copper under thin film of chloride solutions
Authors: Yi Chenxi , Zhu Benfeng , Chen Yu , Du Xiaoqing , Yang Yumeng , Liu Jiao , Zhang Zhao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe initial corrosion process of copper and the corrosion resistance mechanism of Benzotriazole under chloride-containing thin electrolyte layer (TEL) was investigated. After theoretical calculation and experimental characterization, the forming process of [Cu(I)BTA]nfilm was chemically adsorbed on copper surface by Cu-N bond tightly; corrosion rate increased as TEL thickness decreased. Whilst, energy distribution plot of electrochemical noise provided the validity of corrosion type, and the purported corrosion energy (Ec) deduced from electrochemical noise was approximately proportion to corrosion rate (1/Rct) with and without the anticorrosion film, which denoted the feasibility to determine corrosion rate by nondestructive on-line monitoring electrochemical noise progress.
Dynamic changes in Japan’s prevalence of abnormal findings in cervical cytology depending on birth year
Authors: Ueda Yutaka , Yagi Asami , Nakayama Tomio , Hirai Kei , Ikeda Sayaka , Sekine Masayuki , Miyagi Etsuko , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractJapan’s governmental recommendation of HPV vaccine has now been suspended for more than 4 years. In and before 2013, the targets of 20-year-old cervical cancer screening were females born in and before 1993, i.e., those who could not have received HPV vaccination because it was not yet publicly introduced. The targets during 2014–2019 are, or will be, those born in 1994–1999, i.e., those who came of age during a period with the highest HPV immunization rate. We analyzed the statistical data for each birth year, for the cumulative HPV vaccination rates achieved as of age 16, and for the corresponding results of cervical cancer screening at age 20. The rate of abnormal findings in cervical cytology increased slightly from 3.68% in 2010 (birth year: 1990) to 4.35% in 2013 (birth year: 1993); however, it dynamically dropped to 2.99% in 2014 (birth year: 1994) and 3.03% in 2015 (birth year: 1995). In total, the rate of abnormal findings in cervical cytology was 3.96% in 2010–2013, but significantly dropped to 3.01% in 2014–2015 (p = 0.014). This is the first description of dynamic changes occurring in the abnormal rate of cervical cancer screening as a result of positive changes in national HPV vaccination rates.
Spin-orbit torque magnetometry by wide-field magneto-optical Kerr effect
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Yu , Chen Tian-Yue , Wu Chun-Ting , Chan Hsin-I , Pai Chi-Feng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMagneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) is an efficient approach to probe surface magnetization in thin film samples. Here we present a wide-field MOKE technique that adopts a Köhler illumination scheme to characterize the current-induced damping-like spin-orbit torque (DL-SOT) in micron-sized and unpatterned magnetic heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Through a current-induced hysteresis loop shift analysis, we quantify the DL-SOT efficiency of a Ta-based heterostructure with bar-shaped geometry, Hall-cross geometry, and unpatterned geometry to be |ξ
DL
| ≈ 0.08. The proposed wide-field MOKE approach therefore provides an instant and direct characterization of DL-SOT, without the need of any further interpretation on electrical signals.
Molecular characterization of the first saltwater crocodilepox virus genome sequences from the world’s largest living member of the Crocodylia
Authors: Sarker Subir , Isberg Sally R. , Milic Natalie L. , Lock Peter , Helbig Karla J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCrocodilepox virus is a large dsDNA virus belonging to the genus Crocodylidpoxvirus, which infects a wide range of host species in the order Crocodylia worldwide. Here, we present genome sequences for a novel saltwater crocodilepox virus, with two subtypes (SwCRV-1 and -2), isolated from the Australian saltwater crocodile. Affected belly skins of juvenile saltwater crocodiles were used to sequence complete viral genomes, and perform electron microscopic analysis that visualized immature and mature virions. Analysis of the SwCRV genomes showed a high degree of sequence similarity to CRV (84.53% and 83.70%, respectively), with the novel SwCRV-1 and -2 complete genome sequences missing 5 and 6 genes respectively when compared to CRV, but containing 45 and 44 predicted unique genes. Similar to CRV, SwCRV also lacks the genes involved in virulence and host range, however, considering the presence of numerous hypothetical and or unique genes in the SwCRV genomes, it is completely reasonable that the genes encoding these functions are present but not recognized. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a monophyletic relationship between SwCRV and CRV, however, SwCRV is quite distinct from other chordopoxvirus genomes. These are the first SwCRV complete genome sequences isolated from saltwater crocodile skin lesions.
Traumatic Brain Injury Leads to Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice
Authors: Wang Jintao , Su Enming , Wang Hui , Guo Chiao , Lawrence Daniel A. , Eitzman Daniel T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality in humans. However the causal relationship between TBI and vascular disease is unclear. This study investigated the direct role of TBI on vascular disease using a murine model of atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E deficient mice were placed on a western diet beginning at 10 weeks of age. Induction of TBI or a sham operation was performed at 14 weeks of age and mice were sacrificed 6 weeks later at 20 weeks of age. MRI revealed evidence of uniform brain injury in all mice subjected to TBI. There were no differences in total cholesterol levels or blood pressure between the groups. Complete blood counts and flow cytometry analysis performed on peripheral blood 6 weeks following TBI revealed a higher percentage of Ly6C-high monocytes in mice subjected to TBI compared to sham-treated mice. Mice with TBI also showed elevated levels of plasma soluble E-selectin and bone marrow tyrosine hydroxylase. Analysis of atherosclerosis at the time of sacrifice revealed increased atherosclerosis with increased Ly6C/G immunostaining in TBI mice compared to sham-treated mice. In conclusion, progression of atherosclerosis is accelerated following TBI. Targeting inflammatory pathways in patients with TBI may reduce subsequent vascular complications.
The genetic diversity within the 1.4 kb HLA-G 5′ upstream regulatory region moderately impacts on cellular microenvironment responses
Authors: Dias Fabrício C. , Bertol Bruna C. , Poras Isabelle , Souto Bruno M. , Mendes-Junior Celso T. , Castelli Erick C. , Gineau Laure , Sabbagh Audrey , Rouas-Freiss Nathalie , Carosella Edgardo D. , Donadi Eduardo A. , Moreau Philippe 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe HLA-G 5’URR extending 1.4 kb from the ATG presents a unique set of regulatory elements among HLA genes. Several variable sites have been described that coincide with or are close to these elements, thus HLA-G 5′URR polymorphism might influence the HLA-G expression level. We cloned the ten most frequent HLA-G 5′URR haplotypes to evaluate their activity on a luciferase reporter gene in HLA-G+ cell lines (JEG-3/choriocarcinoma and FON+/melanoma). We also investigated associations between the plasma HLA-G (sHLA-G) levels and the HLA-G 5′URR variability in 157 healthy individuals. Cell lines were transfected with pGL3-Basic vector constructions containing HLA-G 5′URR sequences. The G010101a (in JEG-3) and G010101b (in FON+) haplotypes exhibited higher promoter activity, whereas the G010101d (in JEG-3) and G010102a (in FON+) haplotypes exhibited lower promoter activity. In the presence of HLA-G inducers (interferon-β and progesterone) or repressors (cyclopamine) HLA-G promoter activity was modulated, but certain haplotypes exhibited differential responses. No strict association was observed between plasma sHLA-G levels and the 5′URR haplotypes or genotypes; however, the G010101b haplotype was underrepresented among HLA-G-negative plasmas. Therefore, the HLA-G 5′URR polymorphism may have an impact on the modulation of HLA-G gene expression, but alone provides a limited predictive value for sHLA-G levels in vivo.
Development of a characterised tool kit for the interrogation of NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent responses
Authors: Redondo-Castro Elena , Faust Dorte , Fox Simon , Baldwin Alex G. , Osborne Simon , Haley Michael J. , Karran Eric , Nuthall Hugh , Atkinson Peter J. , Dawson Lee A. , Routledge Carol , Allan Stuart M. , Freeman Sally , Brownlees Janet , Brough David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInflammation is an established contributor to disease and the NLRP3 inflammasome is emerging as a potential therapeutic target. A number of small molecule inhibitors of the NLRP3 pathway have been described. Here we analysed the most promising of these inhibitor classes side by side to assess relative potency and selectivity for their respective putative targets. Assessed using ASC inflammasome-speck formation, and release of IL-1β, in both human monocyte/macrophage THP1 cells and in primary mouse microglia, we compared the relative potency and selectivity of P2X7 inhibitors, inflammasome inhibitors (diarylsulfonylurea vs. the NBC series), and caspase-1 inhibitors. In doing so we are now able to provide a well characterised small molecule tool kit for interrogating and validating inflammasome-dependent responses with a range of nanomolar potency inhibitors against established points in the inflammasome pathway.
Chronic toxicity of amitraz, coumaphos and fluvalinate to Apis mellifera L. larvae reared in vitro
Authors: Dai Pingli , Jack Cameron J. , Mortensen Ashley N. , Bustamante Tomas A. , Ellis James D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effects of chronic exposure to common acaricides on Apis mellifera survival, developmental rate and larval weight were tested in the laboratory. Larvae were reared in vitro and fed a diet containing amitraz: 1.5, 11, 25 and 46 mg/L; coumaphos: 1.8, 6, 8 and 25 mg/L; or fluvalinate: 0.1, 1, 2.4 and 6 mg/L. The dependent variables were compared for groups feeding on treated diets and control diets: positive control, 45 mg/L dimethoate; solvent control; and negative control. Bee survival decreased in the 46 mg/L amitraz and 25 mg/L coumaphos treatments but not in any fluvalinate treatment. Furthermore, the developmental rate decreased in individuals treated with 46 mg/L amitraz. In our study, larvae exposed to acaricides at concentrations similar to maximum residue in pollen and honey/nectar had no detectable change in survival or developmental rate. Given that pollen and honey/nectar represent only a small part of larval diet, we suggest that residues of amitraz, coumaphos and fluvalinate at the levels we tested are unlikely to impact immature worker bee survival in the field, though our data do not preclude any sublethal effects that may result from bee exposure to these compounds or possible synergisms when they co-occur in bee colonies.
Characterizing the clinical relevance of digital phenotyping data quality with applications to a cohort with schizophrenia
Authors: Torous John , Staples Patrick , Barnett Ian , Sandoval Luis R. , Keshavan Matcheri , Onnela Jukka-Pekka 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDigital phenotyping, or the moment-by-moment quantification of the individual-level human phenotype in situ using data from personal digital devices and smartphones, in particular, holds great potential for behavioral monitoring of patients. However, realizing the potential of digital phenotyping requires understanding of the smartphone as a scientific data collection tool. In this pilot study, we detail a procedure for estimating data quality for phone sensor samples and model the relationship between data quality and future symptom-related survey responses in a cohort with schizophrenia. We find that measures of empirical coverage of collected accelerometer and GPS data, as well as survey timing and survey completion metrics, are significantly associated with future survey scores for a variety of symptom domains. We also find evidence that specific measures of data quality are indicative of domain-specific future survey outcomes. These results suggest that for smartphone-based digital phenotyping, metadata is not independent of patient-reported survey scores, and is therefore potentially useful in predicting future clinical outcomes. This work raises important questions and considerations for future studies; we explore and discuss some of these implications.
28 GHz common‐leg T/R IC in 65 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Kim J. , Park J. , Kim J.‐G. 
Published: March 2018

A 28 GHz T/R integrated circuit (IC) using common‐leg circuit in 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. The proposed common‐leg T/R IC is composed of single pole double throw (SPDT) and double pole double throw (DBDT) switches, 5‐bit phase shifter, and 5‐bit attenuator, uni‐directional amplifiers for the transmit and receive modes. The measured gains for the transmit and receive modes are 3.5 and 1 dB at 26–30 GHz, respectively. The design provides full phase control range of 360° with least significant bit (LSB) of 11.25°, and attenuation control range of 23 dB with LSB of 1 dB. The proposed common‐leg T/R IC has the maximum RMS phase error of 7°, and amplitude error of 0.6 dB at 26–30 GHz. The saturated output power for the transmit mode is 0 dBm, and the input P1dB for the receive mode is −20 dBm at 28 GHz. The chip core size is 1.3 × 0.8 mm2. The DC current is 130 mA for the transmit mode and 98 mA for the receive mode at 2.5 V supply voltage.