bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ryanodine Receptor to Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Pathway Plays an Important Role in Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120MN-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats
Authors: Godai Kohei , Takahashi Keiya , Kashiwagi Yuta , Liu Ching-Hang , Yi Hyun , Liu Shue , Dong Chuanhui , Lubarsky David A. , Hao Shuanglin 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND:
Chronic pain is one of the most common complaints in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated sensory neuropathy. Ryanodine receptor (RyR) and mitochondrial oxidative stress are involved in neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury. Here, we investigated the role of RyR and mitochondrial superoxide in neuropathic pain induced by repeated intrathecal HIV glycoprotein 120 (gp120) injection.

METHODS:
Recombinant HIV glycoprotein gp120MN was intrathecally administered to induce neuropathic pain. Mechanical threshold was tested using von Frey filaments. Peripheral nerve fiber was assessed by the quantification of the intraepidermal nerve fiber density in the skin of the hindpaw. The expression of spinal RyR was examined using Western blots. Colocalization of RyR with neuronal nuclei (NeuN; neuron marker), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; astrocyte marker), or ionizing calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1; microglia marker) in the spinal cord was examined using immunohistochemistry. MitoSox-positive profiles (a mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent superoxide indicator) were examined. The antiallodynic effects of intrathecal administration of RyR antagonist, dantrolene (a clinical drug for malignant hyperthermia management), or selective mitochondrial superoxide scavenger, Mito-Tempol, were evaluated in the model.

RESULTS:
We found that repeated but not single intrathecal injection of recombinant protein gp120 induced persistent mechanical allodynia. Intraepidermal nerve fibers in repeated gp120 group was lower than that in sham at 2 weeks, and the difference in means (95% confidence interval) was 8.495 (4.79–12.20), P = .0014. Repeated gp120 increased expression of RyR, and the difference in means (95% confidence interval) was 1.50 (0.504–2.495), P = .007. Repeated gp120 also increased mitochondrial superoxide cell number in the spinal cord, and the difference in means (95% confidence interval) was 6.99 (5.99–8.00), P < .0001. Inhibition of spinal RyR or selective mitochondrial superoxide scavenger dose dependently reduced mechanical allodynia induced by repeated gp120 injection. RyR and mitochondrial superoxide were colocalized in the neuron, but not glia. Intrathecal injection of RyR inhibitor lowered mitochondrial superoxide in the spinal cord dorsal horn in the gp120 neuropathic pain model.

CONCLUSIONS:
These data suggest that repeated intrathecal HIV gp120 injection induced an acute to chronic pain translation in rats, and that neuronal RyR and mitochondrial superoxide in the spinal cord dorsal horn played an important role in the HIV neuropathic pain model. The current results provide evidence for a novel approach to understanding the molecular mechanisms of HIV chronic pain and treating chronic pain in patients with HIV.
Development and Validation of an Electronic Postoperative Morbidity Score
Authors: Stubbs Daniel J. , Bowen Jessica L. , Furness Rachel C. , Gilder Fay J. , Romero-Ortuno Roman , Biram Richard , Menon David K. , Ercole Ari 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND:
Electronic health records are being adopted due to numerous potential benefits. This requires the development of objective metrics to characterize morbidity, comparable to studies performed in centers without an electronic health record. We outline the development of an electronic version of the postoperative morbidity score for integration into our electronic health record.

METHODS:
Twohundred and three frail patients who underwent elective surgery were reviewed. We retrospectively defined postoperative morbidity score on postoperative day 3. We also recorded potential electronic surrogates for morbidities that could not be easily extracted in an objective format. We compared discriminative capability (area under the receiver operator curve) for patients having prolonged length of stay or complex discharge requirements.

RESULTS:
One hundred thirty-nine patients (68%) had morbidity in ≥1 postoperative morbidity score domain. Initial electronic surrogates were overly sensitive, identifying 173 patients (84%) as having morbidity. We refined our definitions using backward logistic regression against “gold-standard” postoperative morbidity score. The final electronic postoperative morbidity score differed from the initial version in its definition of cardiac and neurological morbidity. There was no significant difference in the discriminative capability between electronic postoperative morbidity score and postoperative morbidity score for either outcome (area under the receiver operator curve: 0.66 vs 0.66 for complex discharge requirement, area under the receiver operator curve: 0.66 vs 0.67 for a prolonged length of stay; P> .05 for both). Patients with postoperative morbidity score or electronic postoperative morbidity score–defined morbidity on day 3 had increased risk of prolonged length of stay (P < .001 for both).

CONCLUSIONS:
We present a variant of postoperative morbidity score based on objective electronic metrics. Discriminative performance appeared comparable to gold-standard definitions for discharge outcomes. Electronic postoperative morbidity score may allow characterization of morbidity within our electronic health record, but further study is required to assess external validity.
The Demise of Community Responsibility: Unintended Consequences of Coverage Expansions on California Public Hospitals
Authors: Haeder Simon F. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Long before the establishment of Medicaid or the passage of the Affordable Care Act, California counties provided their poorest residents with access to comprehensive medical care. This article analyzes the creation and closure of public hospitals in the state of California. It combines both qualitative historical research and event history analysis to assess what led first to the creation of the nation's most comprehensive public health network and then to its gradual demise. Strong evidence is presented that the implementation of Medicaid in California significantly altered the calculus of local governments with regard to the operation of public hospitals. In particular, Medicaid shifted county hospitals from the realm of allocational politics to that of redistributive politics. Subsequently, reforms at the state and federal levels further encouraged this development. Because of this shift, many counties decided to close their hospitals. Moreover, as expected for redistributive policies, the continued operation of public hospitals was driven not by need but instead merely by fiscal capacity: more affluent counties continue to maintain them while poorer, needier counties close their doors.
Impossible Politics? PCORI and the Search for Publicly Funded Comparative Effectiveness Research in the United States
Authors: Keller Ann C. , Flagg Robin , Keller Justin , Ravi Suhasini 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Congress created the Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) to fund comparative effectiveness research without encroaching on health care decision making in the private sector. This study asked if the organization's design is sufficient to insulate it from the hostile political environment that accompanied past comparative effectiveness research efforts. Data for the study came from key informant interviews, stakeholder interviews, content analysis of public comments, congressional hearings, and media and Internet content about PCORI. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of interest group behavior, the study assessed current and potential future stakeholder activity directed toward PCORI. The study found that PCORI's leadership has successfully mobilized patients and researchers in support of its mission. However, patient groups tend to mobilize within rather than across disease categories, limiting the collective impact these groups might have. Moreover, PCORI's success in including the patient voice in every stage of the research process has created only diffuse support for the organization. A lack of “practice-changing” findings—likely the result of the organization's interest group environment—leaves PCORI open to the criticism of ineffectiveness.
Clinical Effect of Expedited Pathogen Identification and Susceptibility Testing for Gram-Negative Bacteremia and Candidemia by Use of the Accelerate PhenoTM System
Authors: Burnham Jason P , Wallace Meghan A , Fuller Brian M , Shupe Angela , Burnham Carey-Ann D , Kollef Marin H 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Fast diagnostic tests providing earlier identification (ID) of pathogens, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) may reduce time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy (AAT), decrease mortality, and facilitate antimicrobial deescalation (ADE). Our objective was to determine the theoretical reduction in time to AAT and opportunities for ADE with Accelerate PhenoTM System (AXDX).

Methods
The prospective cohort (April 14, 2016 through June 1, 2017) was from the Barnes-Jewish Hospital, a 1250-bed academic center. Emergency department (ED) or intensive care unit (ICU) blood cultures Gram-stain positive for gram-negative bacilli (GNB) or yeast. AXDX was used in parallel with standard-of-care (SOC) diagnostics to determine differences in time to pathogen ID and AST. Theoretical opportunities for ADE from AXDX results were determined.

Results
In total, 429 blood cultures were screened, 153 meeting inclusion criteria: 110 on-panel GNB, 10 Candida glabrata, and 5 Candida albicans. For GNB SOC, median time from blood culture positivity to ID and AST were 28.2 and 52.1 h. Median time to ID and AST after AXDX initiation was 1.37 and 6.7 h for on-panel organisms. For on-panel Candida, time to ID was approximately 21 h faster with AXDX. ADE or AAT was theoretically possible with AXDX in 48.4%. Of on-panel organisms, 24.0% did not receive initial AAT. In-hospital mortality was 46.7% without initial AAT, and 11.6% with AAT. Coverage of AXDX was 75.3%, specificity 99.7%, positive predictive value (PPV) 96.0%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 97.6%. On-panel sensitivity was 91.5%, specificity 99.6%, PPV 96.0%, and NPV 99.0%.

Conclusions
AXDX provides more rapid ID and AST for GNB and ID for yeast than SOC. AXDX could potentially reduce time to AAT and facilitate ADE.
Intrusi Air Laut di Pesisir Tugu Kota Semarang Berdasarkan Resistiviti dan Hidrokimia
Authors: Widada Sugeng , Rochaddi Baskoro , Suryono Chrisna Adhi , Irwani Irwani 
Published: December 2018

Sea Water Intrusion in Tugu Coastal Area of Semarang City Based on Resistivity and Hydrochemical Tugu Coastal Area is one of the coastal areas in Semarang City, Central Java Province that continues to grow. Although the clean water network from the Local Water Supply Utility is available, groundwater is still used to meet the water needs of the community. Some of the groundwater in the area is brackish to salty conditions as the result of sea water intrusion process. The research aims to determine configuration of aquifers which have been intruded with sea water in Tugu Coastal Area, Semarang City, so that groundwater exploitation from the aquifer can be avoided. The method used in this study was descriptive analysis, in which the condition of aquifers was based on interpretation of resistivity data. Simple hydrochemical facies analysis using the Trilinier Piper Diagram method is carried out to detect sea water intrusion. The results of the study indicated that aquifers in the Coastal area consisted of several layers. Aquifer which has been intruded with seawater is located on the north side of the Semarang - Kendal highway, both for confined and unconfined aquifers. The depth of confined aquifer which is intruded by sea water reaches 50 - 75 m below the local land surface. While the unconfined aquifer depth is up to a depth of 6 m below the local land surface. Wilayah Pesisir Tugu, Kota Semarang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu daerah pesisir di Kota Semarang yang terus berkembang. Meskipun jaringan air bersih dari Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum telah tersedia, namun pemanfaatan air tanah masih digunakan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air bagi masyarakat. Sebagian air tanah di daerah tersebut dalam kondisi payau hingga asin yang diduga akibat proses intrusi air laut.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konfigurasi akuifer yang telah terintrusi air laut Wilayah Pesisir Tugu, Kota Semarang, sehingga dapat dihindari pengambilan air tanah dari akuifer tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah diskriptis analisis untuk menggambarkan kondisi akuifer berdasarkan hasil interpretasi data geolistrik resistiviti. Analisa fasies hidrokimia secara sederhana dengan metode Diagram Triliner Piper dilakukan untuk mendeteksi adanya intrusi air laut. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa akuifer di daerah Pesisir Tugu terdiri dari beberapa lapisan. Akuifer yang telah terintrusi air laut adalah yang berada di sebelah utara jalan raya Semarang – Kendal, baik untuk akuier bebas maupun akuifer tertekan. Kedalaman akuifer tertekan yang terintrusi adalah hingga mencapai 50 sampai dengan 75 m di bawah muka tanah setempat. Sedangkan kedalaman akuifer bebasnya berada hingga kedalaman 6 m di bawah muka tanah setempat
Successful performance in socially oriented ventures stemming from international accelerator programs: A comparative study between OECD and developing countries.
Authors: Canfield Carlos Eduardo , Anzola Elvira Carlina 
Published: December 2018

The mobilization of social resources for addressing urgent societal needs under market assumptions is a major component of the strategy for development. Social enterprises as an alternative source of public goods and services attract the attention of academics, practitioners and policy-makers to the efficient use of entrepreneurial resources. Initially this study aims to provide a more systematic understanding about the factors that affect the probabilities of success of socially oriented undertakings and contributes to the literature by answering the call for more empirical research about such effects over their performance. Using a logistic regression model on data from a sample of socially oriented ventures in 148 countries participating in the 2013-2016 Entrepreneurship Database Program at Emory University, the positive effects of such factors were first validated. At a later stage, this quest attempted to find differential behaviors of these effects by comparing operations in OECD and developing countries. No conclusive evidence for dissimilarities between groups was found. This result could be partially attributed to the accelerator´s selection processes favoring companies with a proven record. Important global policy implications are drawn in support of harmonized social-entrepreneurship promotion programs and the adoption of standardized impact measurement criteria. This argument raises ample academic and practical possibilities for investigating the impact of socio-economic and cultural influences on the efficacy of social enterprise´s interventions. After controlling for the efficient use of entrepreneurial resources, teams made-up of civil society organizations, businesses and government institutions can allocate their attention to those country-specific situations affecting the efficacy of development programs such as the problems to be solved, the particularity of the eco-systems and the adequacy of the organizational arrays adopted.
A review input factors elasticity and return to scale of cooperative: a survey on Indonesian savings-loan cooperatives
Authors: Situmorang Johnny Walker 
Published: December 2018

This study aims to reveal the production function, return to scale, and production factors elasticity of cooperative by using Indonesia financial service cooperative (IFSC) which has a single business in the field of financial service as a sample of research. Using panel data, this study results both labour and capital factors have a significant influence IFSC production. The IFSC industry condition is increasing return to scale (IRS). Production elasticity of capital is higher than labour force so that IFSC business expansion is faster with increasing IFSC capital. The cooperative financial services industry condition is increasing return to scale that enables IFSC business expansion. Given the availability of IFSC resources and its operating environment, IFSC's business expansion strategy should be more labour-intensive than capital-intensive, employing more labour than capital. The government should provide support for improving human resource capacity
Mittendrin oder nur dabei?
Authors: Fühles-Ubach Simone 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Kundenorientierung ist in den vergangenen Jahren in der Literatur zum Bibliotheksmanagement immer wichtiger geworden, wohingegen der Beitrag von Bibliotheken zur übergeordneten Gesamtstrategie ihrer Trägereinrichtungen eine eher untergeordnete Rolle einnimmt. Ein sichtbarer und nachweisbarer Beitrag der Bibliothek prägt jedoch die Wahrnehmung durch das Management der Institution. In diesem Kontext werden die verschiedenen Kommunikationsebenen betrachtet, die ein modernes Bibliotheksmanagement abdecken muss. In einer empirischen Untersuchung werden Strategiepapiere europäischer Bibliotheken auf ihre Verbindung zur Trägerorganisation hin untersucht. Die Untersuchung basiert auf der Grundannahme, dass bei einer engen Verzahnung im Sinne eines klaren Beitrags zur Gesamtstrategie der Trägerorganisation, die Wahrnehmung und Integration der Bibliothek im organisationalen Kontext klarer und fester verankert sein dürfte. Anschließend werden drei Modelle zur Strategie-Entwicklung vorgestellt, die in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken zum Einsatz kommen. Diese werden auf ihre Verbindung zum Träger hin untersucht. Gebraucht werden nicht nur „embedded“ oder „liaison librarians“, sondern eine insgesamt im Zentrum der Organisation verankerte „embedded library“ mit entsprechender Bedeutung für die zukünftige Entwicklung der Gesamtinstitution, d. h. der Kommune, der Hochschule oder der Forschungseinrichtung.
Die digitale Transformation meistern
Authors: Gantert Klaus , Neher Günther , Schade Frauke 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden Spezifika der Hochschulen und Ausbildungseinrichtungen, die in der KIBA organisiert sind, mit ihren Studiengängen, Weiterbildungsprogrammen, Forschungsschwerpunkten und didaktischen Konzepten vorgestellt. Es wird gezeigt, wie diese Einrichtungen mit ihrer Berufungs- und Einstellungspolitik, strategischen Allianzen und übergeordneten fachlichen und politischen Zusammenschlüssen sowie mit der Profilierung ihrer Studiengänge auf neue Anforderungen des Marktes und der Berufspraxis reagieren. Berücksichtigt werden dabei Positionen und Strategien zur Digitalisierung aus der Politik sowie ihren Beratungsgremien, in der sich die Inhalte bibliotheks- und informationswissenschaftlicher Ausbildung und Forschung verorten lassen. Insgesamt wird deutlich, wie schwierig es heute ist zu definieren, was die Bibliotheks- und die Informationswissenschaft im Kern ausmacht, um im Spannungsfeld der Herausforderungen an wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Bibliotheken, den Anforderungen der Wirtschaft im Bereich Informations- und Wissensmanagement, der Digitalisierung und Langzeitarchivierung von Kulturerbe, um nur einige Felder zu nennen, Ausbildungsprogramme bedarfsgerecht zu profilieren und die bibliotheks- und informationswissenschaftlichen Institute, Fachbereiche und Ausbildungseinrichtungen politisch abzusichern und ausreichend mit Ressourcen auszustatten.
HIRMEOS
Authors: Bargheer Margo , Bertino Andrea C. 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Sonderstellung der Monografie im Spektrum des wissenschaftlichen Publizierens stellt den Aufbau von Open-Access-Publikationsmodellen in den Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften (im englischen HSS) vor besondere Herausforderungen. Der Artikel stellt dar, wie das EU-Projekt HIRMEOS (High Integration of Research Monographs in the European Open Science Infrastructure) diese Herausforderungen anpackt. Vorgestellt werden Ziele, Partner, Arbeitspakete und Arbeitsmethoden des Projekts sowie die wichtigsten technischen Spezifikationen der implementierten Dienste und Werkzeuge für digitale Monografien.
Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA)
Authors: Bauer Bruno , Capellaro Christof , Ferus Andreas , Fessler Georg , Granat Renata , Hölbling Lothar , Kaier Christian , Koren-Wilhelmer Frank , Kromp Brigitte , Seissl Maria , Zarka Tobias 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
„Austrian Transition to Open Access (AT2OA)“ ist ein Hochschulraumstrukturmittelprojekt zur Förderung von Open Access an den 21 öffentlichen Universitäten in Österreich mit der Laufzeit 2017–2020. AT2OA widmet sich in vier Teilprojekten den Themen (1) Analyse der Auswirkung einer Umstellung auf Open Access, (2) der Finanzierung von Open-Access-Übergangsmodellen, (3) dem Auf-, Ausbau und der Finanzierung von OA-Publikationsfonds und (4) der Förderung von OA-Publikationen und alternativen OA-Publikationsmodellen von Universitäten.
Towards a Theory of Imprévision in the EU?
Authors: Kovac Mitja , Poncibò Cristina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The problem of excuse for non-performance of contracts caused by changed circumstances is, despite its long history in contract law scholarship, far from being resolved. This paper is based on the dialogue between two colleagues from different academic backgrounds and comparatively investigates German, French, Italian and English approaches and current developments in the field. First, the paper questions whether the doctrine of changed circumstances (or imprévision) remains a mere exception, or whether it is possible to argue that, by considering the latest developments, it may represent a model in European contract law. This issue has recently attracted the attention of the French legislature in its modernization of the Code Civil. Second, by examining the many different national doctrines, the paper aims to reconstruct and clarify, through comparative analysis performed, the conceptual framework of such a theory by discussing, in particular, issues of contract interpretation, presupposition, causation, good faith, fairness and solidarity.
The interactional achievement of speaker meaning: Toward a formal account of conversational inference
Authors: Elder Chi-Hé , Haugh Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDominant accounts of “speaker meaning” in post-Gricean contextualist pragmatics tend to focus on single utterances, making the theoretical assumption that the object of pragmatic analysis is restricted to cases where speakers and hearers agree on utterance meanings, leaving instances of misunderstandings out of their scope. However, we know that divergences in understandings between interlocutors do often arise, and that when they do, speakers can engage in a local process of meaning negotiation. In this paper, we take insights from interactional pragmatics to offer an empirically informed view on speaker meaning that incorporates both speakers’ and hearers’ perspectives, alongside a formalization of how to model speaker meanings in such a way that we can account for both understandings – the canonical cases – and misunderstandings, but critically, also the process of interactionally negotiating meanings between interlocutors. We highlight that utterance-level theories of meaning provide only a partial representation of speaker meaning as it is understood in interaction, and show that inferences about a given utterance at any given time are formally connected to prior and future inferences of participants. Our proposed model thus provides a more fine-grained account of how speakers converge on speaker meanings in real time, showing how such meanings are often subject to a joint endeavor of complex inferential work.