bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From multisensory integration in peripersonal space to bodily self‐consciousness: from statistical regularities to statistical inference
Authors: Noel Jean‐Paul , Blanke Olaf , Serino Andrea 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntegrating information across sensory systems is a critical step toward building a cohesive representation of the environment and one's body, and as illustrated by numerous illusions, scaffolds subjective experience of the world and self. In the last years, classic principles of multisensory integration elucidated in the subcortex have been translated into the language of statistical inference understood by the neocortical mantle. Most importantly, a mechanistic systems‐level description of multisensory computations via probabilistic population coding and divisive normalization is actively being put forward. In parallel, by describing and understanding bodily illusions, researchers have suggested multisensory integration of bodily inputs within the peripersonal space as a key mechanism in bodily self‐consciousness. Importantly, certain aspects of bodily self‐consciousness, although still very much a minority, have been recently casted under the light of modern computational understandings of multisensory integration. In doing so, we argue, the field of bodily self‐consciousness may borrow mechanistic descriptions regarding the neural implementation of inference computations outlined by the multisensory field. This computational approach, leveraged on the understanding of multisensory processes generally, promises to advance scientific comprehension regarding one of the most mysterious questions puzzling humankind, that is, how our brain creates the experience of a self in interaction with the environment.
Avian mite dermatitis: Diagnostic challenges and unmet needs
Authors: Kavallari A. , Küster T. , Papadopoulos E. , Hondema L. S. , Øines Ø. , Skov J. , Sparagano O. , Tiligada E. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe avian mite Dermanyssus gallinae (poultry red mite, PRM) is of major economic and veterinary importance for the poultry and egg industry worldwide. The accumulating reports on the opportunistic nonavian feeding of D. gallinae raise concerns on PRM host expansion. However, the consequent threats to human health remain largely unclear. PRM infestation in humans is usually manifested as a local or generalized noncharacteristic skin reaction referred to as gamasoidosis. This report presents the current state of the art and the new developments on PRM‐associated dermatitis, sharing neither the authors’ personal experience nor focusing on differential diagnosis. Specifically, it reflects the outcome of the critical assessment of the available literature by European medical and veterinary experts in the field under the “One Health” approach.
Reinhold and the Promise of a Higher Metaphysics
Authors: Goh Kienhow 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile Reinhold was no doubt interested in harnessing Kantian practical reason as a rational ground for our fundamental religious convictions, it remains unclear as to whether he reserves any role for theoretical or speculative reason in moral faith, and if so, what. This paper argues that he continues to assign an important role to speculative reason in the establishment and dissemination of a “religion of reason” in his efforts across three major texts of the Jena period (namely, the 1786–1787 Letters on the Kantian Philosophy, the 1789 Attempt at the New Theory of the Human Power of Representation, and the 1790 first edition of Contributions to the Correction of the Misunderstandings of Previous Philosophers) to outline a “new metaphysics” that accounts for supersensible objects (God, the soul, freedom, and the physical, the moral and the intelligible world) in terms of forms of reason. It shows how Reinhold develops a unified account of speculative and practical reason by extending the former's role to include that of producing ideas that pertain to the practical postulates and narrowing the latter's role to that of imparting objective reality and further content to the ideas.
Multiple miscarriages in two sisters of Thai origin with the rare Pk phenotype caused by a novel nonsense mutation at the B3GALNT1 locus
Authors: Ricci Hagman J. , Hult A. K. , Westman J. S. , Hosseini‐Maaf B. , Jongruamklang P. , Saipin J. , Bejrachandra S. , Olsson M. L. 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYObjectivesTo determine the genetic background underlying the Pk phenotype in two Thai sisters suffering from multiple spontaneous abortions.BackgroundThe P antigen is carried by globoside, an abundant glycosphingolipid in the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Inactivating mutations in the 3‐β‐N‐acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene (B3GALNT1) give rise to the rare Pk phenotype, which lack the P and PX2 antigens. Consequently, naturally occurring anti‐P may cause recurrent miscarriages following the cytotoxic attack of the globoside‐rich fetal portion of the placenta.Methods/MaterialsP/P1/PX2/Pk antigens on RBCs and their corresponding antibodies were detected by haemagglutination and flow cytometry. The B3GALNT1 coding region was sequenced, and an allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed.ResultsThe two sisters had suffered 8 and 11 miscarriages, most of which occurred in the first trimester. Anti‐P and anti‐PX2 were identified in their plasmas, and the RBCs typed as P–PX2–Pk+, i.e. had the Pk phenotype. Sequencing revealed homozygosity for a nonsense mutation, c.420T>G, in B3GALNT1. This substitution introduces a premature stop codon, p.Tyr140Ter, which is predicted to abolish enzymatic activity. Screening of 384 Thai donors indicated an allele frequency of 0·13%.ConclusionWe describe a novel nonsense mutation (c.420T>G) in B3GALNT1 (GLOB*01N·13), which was added to the 12 alleles already known in the GLOB system.
Slow wave contraction frequency plateaux in the small intestine are composed of discrete waves of interval increase associated with dislocations
Authors: Parsons Sean P. , Huizinga Jan D. 
Published: June 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What is the nature of slow wave‐driven contraction frequency gradients in the small intestine?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Frequency plateaux are composed of discrete waves of increased interval, each wave associated with a contraction dislocation. Smooth frequency gradients are generated by localized neural modulation of wave frequency, leading to functionally important wave turbulence. Both patterns are emergent properties of a network of coupled oscillators, the interstitial cells of Cajal.

AbstractA gut‐wide network of interstitial cells of Cajal generates electrical oscillations (slow waves) that orchestrate waves of muscle contraction. In the small intestine there is a gradient in slow wave frequency from high at the duodenum to low at the terminal ileum. Time‐averaged measurements of frequency have suggested either a smooth or a stepped (plateaued) gradient. We measured individual contraction intervals from diameter maps of the mouse small intestine to create interval maps (IMaps). The IMaps showed that each frequency plateau was composed of discrete waves of increased interval. Each interval wave originated at a terminating contraction wave, a ‘dislocation’, at the proximal boundary of the plateau. In a model chain of coupled phase oscillators, interval wave frequency increased as coupling decreased or as the natural frequency gradient or noise increased. Injuring the intestine at a proximal point, to destroy coupling, suppressed distal steps, which then reappeared with gap junction block by carbenoxolone. This lent further support to our previous hypothesis that lines of dislocations were fixed by points of low coupling strength. Dislocations, induced by electrical field pulses in the intestine and by equivalent phase shift in the model, were associated with interval waves. When the enteric nervous system was active, IMaps showed a chaotic, turbulent pattern of interval change, with no frequency steps or plateaux. This probably resulted from local, stochastic release of neurotransmitters. Plateaux, dislocations, interval waves and wave turbulence arise from a dynamic interplay between natural frequency and coupling in the network of interstitial cells of Cajal.
Membrane potential oscillations are not essential for spontaneous firing generation in L4 Aβ‐afferent neurons after L5 spinal nerve axotomy and are not mediated by HCN channels
Authors: Djouhri L. , Smith T. , Alotaibi M. , Weng X. 
Published: June 2018

New findings
What is the central question of this study?
Is spontaneous activity (SA) in L4 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons induced by L5 spinal nerve axotomy associated with membrane potential oscillations in these neurons, and if so, are these membrane oscillations mediated by HCN channels?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Unlike injured L5 DRG neurons, which have been shown to be incapable of firing spontaneously without membrane potential oscillations, membrane potential oscillations are not essential for SA generation in conducting ‘uninjured’ L4 neurons, and they are not mediated by HCN channels. These findings suggest that the underlying cellular mechanisms of SA in injured and ‘uninjured’ DRG neurons induced by spinal nerve injury are distinct.

AbstractThe underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of peripheral neuropathic pain are not fully understood. However, preclinical studies using animal models suggest that this debilitating condition is driven partly by aberrant spontaneous activity (SA) in injured and uninjured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and that SA in injured DRG neurons is triggered by subthreshold membrane potential oscillations (SMPOs). Here, using in vivo intracellular recording from control L4‐DRG neurons, and ipsilateral L4‐DRG neurons in female Wistar rats that had previously undergone L5 spinal nerve axotomy (SNA), we examined whether conducting ‘uninjured’ L4‐DRG neurons in SNA rats exhibit SMPOs, and if so, whether such SMPOs are associated with SA in those L4 neurons, and whether they are mediated by hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels. We found that 7 days after SNA: (a) none of the control A‐ or C‐fibre DRG neurons showed SMPOs or SA, but 50%, 43% and 0% of spontaneously active cutaneous L4 Aβ‐low threshold mechanoreceptors, Aβ‐nociceptors and C‐nociceptors exhibited SMPOs, respectively, in SNA rats with established neuropathic pain behaviors; (b) neither SMPOs nor SA in L4 Aβ‐neurons was suppressed by blocking HCN channels with ZD7288 (10 mg kg−1, i.v.); and (c) there is a tendency for female rats to show greater pain hypersensitivity than male rats. These results suggest that SMPOs are linked to SA only in some of the conducting L4 Aβ‐neurons, that such oscillations are not a prerequisite for SA generation in those L4 A‐ or C‐fibre neurons, and that HCN channels are not involved in their electrogenesis.
What’s new in musculoskeletal ultrasound in pediatric rheumatology?
Authors: Spârchez Mihaela , Fodor Daniela 
Published: June 2018

Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) has become almost indispensable in the rheumatology settings nowadays, allowing early diagnosis, careful guidance during procedures such as joint injections and therapy monitoring. Nonetheless, the applicability of MSUS in pediatric population is still limited. Recently, a standardized MSUS examination procedure in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases, definitions for synovitis and the sonographic features of joints in healthy children has been developed. Also, important data on age-related vascularization and ossification of joints in children have been published. Much work still needs to be done in the field. As juvenile idiopathic arthritis seems to be the most common use of MSUS in pediatric rheumatology, specific definitions and assessment techniques for enthesitis, tenosynovitis, bone and cartilage damage in children are very much expected. In this article, we will review briefly the current evidence-based knowledge regarding MSUS potential applications in the pediatric rheumatology clinical practice, along with an overview of the recent information about US appearance of musculoskeletal structures in healthy children.
Synonymy in the genus Trichotrombidium (Acari: Microtrombidiidae)
Authors: Hakimitabar Masoud , Saboori Alireza 
Published: June 2018

In this paper, we give new metric data of the T. muscarum lectotype and paralectotypes deposited in the South Australian Museum (SAM). T. rafieiae Saboori, 2002 was synonymized with T. muscarum.
Complete Genome Sequence of Klebsiella quasipneumoniae Strain S05, a Fouling-Causing Bacterium Isolated from a Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Kitajima Masaaki , Ishizaki So , Jang Jeonghwan , Ishii Satoshi , Okabe Satoshi 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae
strain S05, a bacterium capable of producing membrane fouling-causing soluble substances and capable of respiring on oxygen, nitrate, and an anodic electrode. The genomic information of strain S05 should help predict metabolic pathways associated with these unique biological properties of this bacterium.
Activity and Structural Characteristics of Peach Gum Exudates
Authors: Yang Haiyan , Wang Dawei , Deng Jia , Yang Jing , Shi Chun , Zhou Fanglang , Shi Zhengjun 
Published: June 2018

Polysaccharide fractions were prepared from peach gum exudates by treatments with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) and liquid hot water (LHW). The structural characteristics and activities of the polysaccharide fractions were comparatively studied. The results suggested that arabinogalactans substituted with xylose and uronic acids were the main structure of all polysaccharide fractions. AHP and LHW treatments introduced the degradation of the polysaccharides, reducing the molecular weight of polysaccharides from 182500 g/mol to 78450 g/mol and 68420 g/mol, respectively. The decreasement of molecular weights responded to the decrease of thermal stability of polysaccharide fractions. However, AHP and LHW treatments removed most of the nonsugar composition, increasing the DPPH•- and ABTS•+-scavenging activity of polysaccharides. Polysaccharide fractions obtained from LHW treatment showed favorable DPPH•- and ABTS•+-scavenging activity at 22.9% and 34.3%, respectively, at concentration of 1000 μg/mL.
ОЦІНКА СЕРЦЕВО-СУДИННОГО РИЗИКУ У ЧОЛОВІКІВ ІЗ ГІПЕРТОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ НА ТЛІ АНДРОГЕННОГО ДЕФІЦИТУ
Authors: Vizir V. A. , Sadomov A. C. , Nasonenko O. V. 
Published: June 2018

Вступ. Дані численних досліджень вказують на зв’язок низького рівня тестостерону у чоловіків із окремими факторами ризику ССЗ (ожиріння, цукровий діабет 2 типу, метаболічний синдром тощо). Статистичні підходи передбачають розрахунок кардіоваскулярного ризику для загальної популяції, а використання їх для оцінки ризику у чоловіків із дефіцитом тестостерону в літературі не описане.Мета дослідження. На підставі порівняльного аналізу ряду шкал (Фремінгемська, SCORE та PROCAM ) визначити найбільш валідну для оцінки серцево-судинного ризику у чоловіків із гіпертонічною хворобою на тлі андрогенного дефіциту.Матеріал і методи дослідження. Дослідження включало 50 пацієнтів чоловічої статі із встановленим діагнозом гіпертонічної хвороби ІІ стадії та 11 практично здорових осіб, що увійшли до контрольної групи. Всім учасникам дослідження поряд із загальноклінічним обстеженням визначалися параметри ліпідного профілю та загальний тестостерон (ЗТ) сироватки крові, оцінювався серцево-судинний ризик за Фремінгемською шкалою (ФШ), шкалами SCORE та PROCAM. В залежності від рівня ЗТ обстежені були розподілені на 2 групи: 1 група (n=27) – з дефіцитом ЗТ, 2 група (n=23) з нормальним рівнем ЗТ.Результати досліджень. При аналізі серцево-судинного ризику учасників дослідження встановлено, що за ФШ до групи високого ризику належали 55,6% чоловіків 1 групи та 43,5% осіб 2 групи, за шкалою PROCAM ризик вище 20% мали 66,7% та 39,1% пацієнтів відповідно. Частка обстежених, що мали високий ризик за шкалою SCORE, склала 51,8% серед чоловіків 1 групи та 39,1% - 2 групи. Значущих відмінностей між ризиком за ФШ та SCORE між групою 1 та 2 виявлено не було, в той час як різниця між вказаними групами була статистично вірогідною за шкалою PROCAM. Кореляційний аналіз продемонстрував тенденцію до негативного зворотного зв’язку між серцево-судинним ризиком та рівнем ЗТ, при цьому статистично значущою кореляція була лише між ЗТ та ризиком за шкалою PROCAM (р<0.05).Висновки. Використання шкали PROCAM є найбільш обґрунтованим для категоризації ризику у когорті чоловіків із гіпертонічною хворобою, асоційованою з андрогенним дефіцитом.
Comparative Effects of PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9) Inhibition and Statins on Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism
Authors: Chan Dick C. , Watts Gerald F. , Somaratne Ransi , Wasserman Scott M. , Scott Rob , Barrett P. Hugh R. 
Published: June 2018

Objective—
Inhibition of PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) and statins are known to lower plasma LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-cholesterol concentrations. However, the comparative effects of these treatments on the postprandial metabolism of TRLs (triglyceride-rich lipoproteins) remain to be investigated.

Approach and Results—

We performed a 2-by-2 factorial trial of the effects of 8 weeks of subcutaneous evolocumab (420 mg every 2 weeks) and atorvastatin (80 mg daily) on postprandial TRL metabolism in 80 healthy, normolipidemic men after ingestion of an oral fat load. We evaluated plasma total and incremental area under the curves for triglycerides, apo (apolipoprotein)B-48, and VLDL (very-LDL)-apoB-100. We also examined the kinetics of apoB-48 using intravenous D3-leucine administration, mass spectrometry, and multicompartmental modeling. Atorvastatin and evolocumab independently lowered postprandial VLDL-apoB-100 total area under the curves (
P
<0.001). Atorvastatin, but not evolocumab, reduced fasting plasma apoB-48, apoC-III, and angiopoietin-like 3 concentrations (
P
<0.01), as well as postprandial triglyceride and apoB-48 total area under the curves (
P
<0.001) and the incremental area under the curves for plasma triglycerides, apoB-48, and VLDL-apoB-100 (
P
<0.01). Atorvastatin also independently increased TRL apoB-48 fractional catabolic rate (
P
<0.001) and reduced the number of apoB-48–containing particles secreted in response to the fat load (
P
<0.01). In contrast, evolocumab did not significantly alter the kinetics of apoB-48.

Conclusions—
In healthy, normolipidemic men, atorvastatin decreased fasting and postprandial apoB-48 concentration by accelerating the catabolism of apoB-48 particles and reducing apoB-48 particle secretion in response to a fat load. Inhibition of PCSK9 with evolocumab had no significant effect on apoB-48 metabolism.
De Novo DNM1L Variant in a Teenager With Progressive Paroxysmal Dystonia and Lethal Super-refractory Myoclonic Status Epilepticus
Authors: Ryan Conor S. , Fine Anthony L. , Cohen Alexander L. , Schiltz Brenda M. , Renaud Deborah L. , Wirrell Elaine C. , Patterson Marc C. , Boczek Nicole J. , Liu Raymond , Babovic-Vuksanovic Dusica , Chan David C. , Payne Eric T. 
Published: June 2018

Background: The dynamin 1-like gene ( DNM1L) encodes a GTPase that mediates mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission and fusion. We report a new clinical presentation associated with a DNM1L pathogenic variant and review the literature. Results: A 13-year-old boy with mild developmental delays and paroxysmal dystonia presented acutely with multifocal myoclonic super-refractory status epilepticus. Despite sustained and aggressive treatment, seizures persisted and care was ultimately withdrawn in the context of extensive global cortical atrophy. Rapid trio-whole exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous c.1207C>T (p.R403C) pathogenic variant in DNM1L. Immunofluorescence staining of fibroblast mitochondria revealed abnormally elongated and tubular morphology. Conclusions: This case highlights the diagnostic importance of rapid whole exome sequencing within a critical care setting and reveals the expanding phenotypic spectrum associated with DNM1L variants. This now includes progressive paroxysmal dystonia and adolescent-onset super-refractory myoclonic status epilepticus contributing to strikingly rapid and progressive cortical atrophy and death.
Great expectations
Authors: Eriksson Lena , Edman Johan 
Published: June 2018

Background and aims: Increasingly, efforts to counteract perceived problems in drug treatment at residential rehabilitation centres have come to rely on measures drawing on evidence-based practice (EBP). However, the Swedish media, government inquiries, and international research have identified a number of problems regarding both residential rehabilitation and EBP. This suggests that caution should be exercised when placing expectations on EBP. The aim of this study is to investigate how the responsible authorities have handled increasing demands for EBP with administrative control while facing critical evaluations of their steering and implementation efforts. The study examines the maturation of a widespread treatment ideology, which aims to be based on evidence, in a country known for its restrictive drug policy and its goal of becoming a drug-free society. Methods: Through a qualitative textual analysis of 17 years (2000–2016) of inquiries, directives, and authority archives we have traced the interplay between problem descriptions, intended goals, and implemented solutions. Findings: The analysis shows that the ambition to provide care and welfare based on EBP is still an ambition. Also, the authorities’ control over the care actually provided still leaves room for improvement. Recurring criticism and the empirical material indicate that the expectations have not been met. Conclusions: We would like to suggest that continued frustration can be traced to the misconception that EBP is the opposite of values and ideology, and hence preferable. As drug treatment strives for scientific credibility to give it legitimacy, some types of “evidence” are preferred above others. We would like to suggest that we need to bring ideology to the fore, and openly discuss our restrictive policy goals and choices of “evidence”.