bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NCAM1/FGF module serves as a putative pleuropulmonary blastoma therapeutic target
Authors: Shukrun Rachel , Golan Hana , Caspi Revital , Pode-Shakked Naomi , Pleniceanu Oren , Vax Einav , Bar-Lev Dekel D. , Pri-Chen Sara , Jacob-Hirsch Jasmine , Schiby Ginette , Harari-Steinberg Orit , Mark-Danieli Michal , Dekel Benjamin , Toren Amos 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare pediatric lung neoplasm that recapitulates developmental pathways of early embryonic lungs. As lung development proceeds with highly regulated mesenchymal-epithelial interactions, a DICER1 mutation in PPB generates a faulty lung differentiation program with resultant biphasic tumors composed of a primitive epithelial and mesenchymal stroma with early progenitor blastomatous cells. Deciphering of PPB progression has been hampered by the difficulty of culturing PPB cells, and specifically progenitor blastomatous cells. Here, we show that in contrast with in-vitro culture, establishment of PPB patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in NOD-SCID mice selects for highly proliferating progenitor blastoma overexpressing critical regulators of lung development and multiple imprinted genes. These stem-like tumors were sequentially interrogated by gene profiling to show a FGF module that is activated alongside Neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1). Targeting the progenitor blastoma and these transitions with an anti-NCAM1 immunoconjugate (Lorvotuzumab mertansine) inhibited tumor growth and progression providing new paradigms for PPB therapeutics. Altogether, our novel in-vivo PPB xenograft model allowed us to enrich for highly proliferating stem-like cells and to identify FGFR and NCAM1 as two key players that can serve as therapeutic targets in this poorly understood and aggressive disease.
Astrocytes are direct cellular targets of lithium treatment: novel roles for lysyl oxidase and peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-γ as astroglial targets of lithium
Authors: Rivera Andrea D. , Butt Arthur M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAstrocytes are multifunctional glial cells that play essential roles in supporting synaptic signalling and white matter-associated connectivity. There is increasing evidence that astrocyte dysfunction is involved in several brain disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD), depression and schizophrenia. The mood stabiliser lithium is a frontline treatment for BD, but the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that astrocytes are direct targets of lithium and identify unique astroglial transcriptional networks that regulate specific molecular changes in astrocytes associated with BD and schizophrenia, together with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using pharmacogenomic analyses, we identified novel roles for the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulatory enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) as profound regulators of astrocyte morphogenesis. This study unravels new pathophysiological mechanisms in astrocytes that have potential as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for regulating astroglial responses in diverse neurological disorders.
Triggered reversible phase transformation between layered and spinel structure in manganese-based layered compounds
Authors: Jo Mi Ru , Kim Yunok , Yang Junghoon , Jeong Mihee , Song Kyeongse , Kim Yong-Il , Lim Jin-Myoung , Cho Maenghyo , Shim Jae-Hyun , Kim Young-Min , Yoon Won-Sub , Kang Yong-Mook 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIrreversible phase transformation of layered structure into spinel structure is considered detrimental for most of the layered structure cathode materials. Here we report that this presumably irreversible phase transformation can be rendered to be reversible in sodium birnessite (NaxMnO2·yH2O) as a basic structural unit. This layered structure contains crystal water, which facilitates the formation of a metastable spinel-like phase and the unusual reversal back to layered structure. The mechanism of this phase reversibility was elucidated by combined soft and hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy with X-ray diffraction, corroborated by first-principle calculations and kinetics investigation. These results show that the reversibility, modulated by the crystal water content between the layered and spinel-like phases during the electrochemical reaction, could activate new cation sites, enhance ion diffusion kinetics and improve its structural stability. This work thus provides in-depth insights into the intercalating materials capable of reversible framework changes, thereby setting the precedent for alternative approaches to the development of cathode materials for next-generation rechargeable batteries.
Invariance to background noise as a signature of non-primary auditory cortex
Authors: Kell Alexander J. E. , McDermott Josh H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite well-established anatomical differences between primary and non-primary auditory cortex, the associated representational transformations have remained elusive. Here we show that primary and non-primary auditory cortex are differentiated by their invariance to real-world background noise. We measured fMRI responses to natural sounds presented in isolation and in real-world noise, quantifying invariance as the correlation between the two responses for individual voxels. Non-primary areas were substantially more noise-invariant than primary areas. This primary-nonprimary difference occurred both for speech and non-speech sounds and was unaffected by a concurrent demanding visual task, suggesting that the observed invariance is not specific to speech processing and is robust to inattention. The difference was most pronounced for real-world background noise—both primary and non-primary areas were relatively robust to simple types of synthetic noise. Our results suggest a general representational transformation between auditory cortical stages, illustrating a representational consequence of hierarchical organization in the auditory system.
CryoEM structures of Arabidopsis DDR complexes involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation
Authors: Wongpalee Somsakul Pop , Liu Shiheng , Gallego-Bartolomé Javier , Leitner Alexander , Aebersold Ruedi , Liu Wanlu , Yen Linda , Nohales Maria A. , Kuo Peggy Hsuanyu , Vashisht Ajay A. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Feng Suhua , Kay Steve A. , Zhou Z. Hong , Jacobsen Steven E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTranscription by RNA polymerase V (Pol V) in plants is required for RNA-directed DNA methylation, leading to transcriptional gene silencing. Global chromatin association of Pol V requires components of the DDR complex DRD1, DMS3 and RDM1, but the assembly process of this complex and the underlying mechanism for Pol V recruitment remain unknown. Here we show that all DDR complex components co-localize with Pol V, and we report the cryoEM structures of two complexes associated with Pol V recruitment—DR (DMS3-RDM1) and DDR′ (DMS3-RDM1-DRD1 peptide), at 3.6 Å and 3.5 Å resolution, respectively. RDM1 dimerization at the center frames the assembly of the entire complex and mediates interactions between DMS3 and DRD1 with a stoichiometry of 1 DRD1:4 DMS3:2 RDM1. DRD1 binding to the DR complex induces a drastic movement of a DMS3 coiled-coil helix bundle. We hypothesize that both complexes are functional intermediates that mediate Pol V recruitment.
Attenuated palmitoylation of serotonin receptor 5-HT1A affects receptor function and contributes to depression-like behaviors
Authors: Gorinski Nataliya , Bijata Monika , Prasad Sonal , Wirth Alexander , Abdel Galil Dalia , Zeug Andre , Bazovkina Daria , Kondaurova Elena , Kulikova Elizabeth , Ilchibaeva Tatiana , Zareba-Koziol Monika , Papaleo Francesco , Scheggia Diego , Kochlamazashvili Gaga , Dityatev Alexander , Smyth Ian , Krzystyniak Adam , Wlodarczyk Jakub , Richter Diethelm W. , Strekalova Tatyana , Sigrist Stephan , Bang Claudia , Hobuß Lisa , Fiedler Jan , Thum Thomas , Naumenko Vladimir S. , Pandey Ghanshyam , Ponimaskin Evgeni 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe serotonergic system and in particular serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR) are implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Here we demonstrated that 5-HT1AR is palmitoylated in human and rodent brains, and identified ZDHHC21 as a major palmitoyl acyltransferase, whose depletion reduced palmitoylation and consequently signaling functions of 5-HT1AR. Two rodent models for depression-like behavior show reduced brain ZDHHC21 expression and attenuated 5-HT1AR palmitoylation. Moreover, selective knock-down of ZDHHC21 in the murine forebrain induced depression-like behavior. We also identified the microRNA miR-30e as a negative regulator of Zdhhc21 expression. Through analysis of the post-mortem brain samples in individuals with MDD that died by suicide we find that miR-30e expression is increased, while ZDHHC21 expression, as well as palmitoylation of 5-HT1AR, are reduced within the prefrontal cortex. Our study suggests that downregulation of 5-HT1AR palmitoylation is a mechanism involved in depression, making the restoration of 5-HT1AR palmitoylation a promising clinical strategy for the treatment of MDD.
Topological magnon amplification
Authors: Malz Daniel , Knolle Johannes , Nunnenkamp Andreas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTopology is quickly becoming a cornerstone in our understanding of electronic systems. Like their electronic counterparts, bosonic systems can exhibit a topological band structure, but in real materials it is difficult to ascertain their topological nature, as their ground state is a simple condensate or the vacuum, and one has to rely instead on excited states, for example a characteristic thermal Hall response. Here we propose driving a topological magnon insulator with an electromagnetic field and show that this causes edge mode instabilities and a large non-equilibrium steady-state magnon edge current. Building on this, we discuss several experimental signatures that unambiguously establish the presence of topological magnon edge modes. Furthermore, our amplification mechanism can be employed to power a topological travelling-wave magnon amplifier and topological magnon laser, with applications in magnon spintronics. This work thus represents a step toward functional topological magnetic materials.
Colloidal fibers and rings by cooperative assembly
Authors: Oh Joon Suk , Lee Sangmin , Glotzer Sharon C. , Yi Gi-Ra , Pine David J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractJanus colloids with one attractive patch on an otherwise repulsive particle surface serve as model systems to explore structure formation of particles with chemically heterogeneous surfaces such as proteins. While there are numerous computer studies, there are few experimental realizations due to a lack of means to produce such colloids with a well-controlled variable Janus balance. Here, we report a simple scalable method to precisely vary the Janus balance over a wide range and selectively functionalize one patch with DNA. We observe, via experiment and simulation, the dynamic formation of diverse superstructures: colloidal micelles, chains, or bilayers, depending on the Janus balance. Flexible dimer chains form through cooperative polymerization while trimer chains form by a two-stage process, first by cooperative polymerization into disordered aggregates followed by condensation into more ordered stiff trimer chains. Introducing substrate binding through depletion catalyzes dimer chains to form nonequilibrium rings that otherwise do not form.
Conductive carbon nanofiber interpenetrated graphene architecture for ultra-stable sodium ion battery
Authors: Liu Mingkai , Zhang Peng , Qu Zehua , Yan Yan , Lai Chao , Liu Tianxi , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLong-term stability and high-rate capability have been the major challenges of sodium-ion batteries. Layered electroactive materials with mechanically robust, chemically stable, electrically and ironically conductive networks can effectively address these issues. Herein we have successfully directed carbon nanofibers to vertically penetrate through graphene sheets, constructing robust carbon nanofiber interpenetrated graphene architecture. Molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes are then grown in situ alongside the entire framework, yielding molybdenum disulfide@carbon nanofiber interpenetrated graphene structure. In such a design, carbon nanofibers prevent the restacking of graphene sheets and provide ample space between graphene sheets, enabling a strong structure that maintains exceptional mechanical integrity and excellent electrical conductivity. The as-prepared sodium ion battery delivers outstanding electrochemical performance and ultrahigh stability, achieving a remarkable specific capacity of 598 mAh g−1, long-term cycling stability up to 1000 cycles, and an excellent rate performance even at a high current density up to 10 A g−1.
Symbiotic effectiveness and ecologically adaptive traits of native rhizobial symbionts of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) in Africa and their relationship with phylogeny
Authors: Ibny Fadimata Y. I. , Jaiswal Sanjay K. , Mohammed Mustapha , Dakora Felix D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBambara groundnut (Vigna subterraneaL. Verdc.) is an indigenous, drought-tolerant, underutilized African food legume, with the ability to fix atmospheric N2in symbiosis with soil bacteria called rhizobia. The aim of this study was to assess the morpho-physiological, symbiotic and phylogenetic characteristics of rhizobia nodulating Bambara groundnut in Ghana, Mali and South Africa. The morpho-physiologically diverse isolates tested were also found to exhibit differences in functional efficiency and phylogenetic positions. Based on Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC)-PCR banding patterns, the isolates were grouped into eight major clusters. The concentrations of Ca, Na and K in soils had a significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect on the distribution of rhizobia. Though many isolates were symbiotically very effective, the effectiveness index varied markedly (p ≤ 0.05) among them. Moreover, the isolates also exhibited tolerance to a wide range of NaCl (0.5–7%), streptomycin (50–500 µg.ml−1), and kanamycin (25–150 µg.ml−1) concentrations. Additionally, these isolates could produce 0.02 to 69.71 µg.ml−1of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in tryptophan-supplemented medium, as well as solubilize tri-calcium phosphate. Phylogenetic analysis of these rhizobial isolates using 16S rRNA,atpD,glnII,gyrB,recAand symbiotic (nifHandnodC) gene sequences revealed distinct and novel evolutionary lineages related to the genusBradyrhizobium, with some of them being very close toBradyrhizobium vignae,B.kavangense,B.subterraneum,B.elkaniiandB.pachyrhizi.
Magnetic Particle Imaging meets Computed Tomography: first simultaneous imaging
Authors: Vogel Patrick , Markert Jonathan , Rückert Martin A. , Herz Stefan , Keßler Benedikt , Dremel Kilian , Althoff Daniel , Weber Matthias , Buzug Thorsten M. , Bley Thorsten A. , Kullmann Walter H. , Hanke Randolf , Zabler Simon , Behr Volker C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMagnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a promising new tomographic modality for fast as well as three-dimensional visualization of magnetic material. For anatomical or structural information an additional imaging modality such as computed tomography (CT) is required. In this paper, the first hybrid MPI-CT scanner for multimodal imaging providing simultaneous data acquisition is presented.
HSP60-regulated Mitochondrial Proteostasis and Protein Translation Promote Tumor Growth of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Guo Jianying , Li Xiao , Zhang Wenhao , Chen Yuling , Zhu Songbiao , Chen Liang , Xu Renhua , Lv Yang , Wu Di , Guo Mingzhou , Liu Xiaohui , Lu Weiguo , Deng Haiteng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOvarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological carcinoma due to the lack of diagnostic markers and effective drug targets. Discovery of new therapeutic targets in OC to improve the treatment outcome is urgently needed. We performed proteomic analysis of OC specimens and the paired normal tissues and revealed that proteins associated with mitochondrial proteostasis and protein translation were highly expressed in ovarian tumor tissues, indicating that mitochondria are required for tumor progression of OC. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), an important mitochondrial chaperone, was upregulated in ovarian tumors. HSP60 silencing significantly attenuated growth of OC cells in both cells and mice xenografts. Proteomic analysis revealed that HSP60 silencing downregulated proteins involved in mitochondrial functions and protein synthesis. Metabolomic analysis revealed that HSP60 silencing resulted in a more than 100-fold increase in cellular adenine levels, leading to increased adenosine monophosphate and an activated AMPK pathway, and consequently reduced mTORC1-mediated S6K and 4EBP1 phosphorylation to inhibit protein synthesis that suppressed the proliferation of OC cells. These results suggest that HSP60 knockdown breaks mitochondrial proteostasis, and inactivates the mTOR pathway to inhibit OC progression, suggesting that HSP60 is a potential therapeutic target for OC treatment.
Optimisation of robust singleplex and multiplex droplet digital PCR assays for high confidence mutation detection in circulating tumour DNA
Authors: Rowlands Vicky , Rutkowski Andrzej J. , Meuser Elena , Carr T. Hedley , Harrington Elizabeth A. , Barrett J. Carl 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLiquid biopsies offer the potential to monitor cancer response and resistance to therapeutics in near real-time. However, the plasma cell free DNA (cfDNA) level can be low and the fraction of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) bearing a mutation – lower still. Detection of tumour-derived mutations in ctDNA is thus challenging and requires highly sensitive and specific assays. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a technique that enables exquisitely sensitive detection and quantification of DNA/RNA markers from very limiting clinical samples, including plasma. The Bio-Rad QX200 ddPCR system provides absolute quantitation of target DNA molecules using fluorescent dual-labelled probes. Critical to accurate sample analysis are validated assays that are highly specific, reproducible, and with known performance characteristics, especially with respect to false positives. We present a systematic approach to the development and optimisation of singleplex and multiplex ddPCR assays for the detection of point mutations with a focus on ensuring extremely low false positives whilst retaining high sensitivity. We also present a refined method to determine cfDNA extraction efficiency allowing for more accurate extrapolation of mutational levels in source samples. We have applied these approaches to successfully analyse many ctDNA samples from multiple clinical studies and generated exploratory data of high quality.
Performance of novel MgS doped cellulose nanofibres for Cd(II) removal from industrial effluent – mechanism and optimization
Authors: Sankararamakrishnan Nalini , Singh Rishabh , Srivastava Ila 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGreen environment friendly and novel nano MgS decorated cellulose nanofibres (MgS@CNF) were prepared, characterized and evaluated towards the removal of heavy metal namely, cadmium from aqueous solutions. Cellulose nanofibres acted as a template for effective dispersion of MgS nanoparticles and also aid in the complexation of cadmium ions. In depth X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) studies revealed that doped MgS on mild acidification yields insitu production of H2S which effectively complexes cadmium ion to form cadmium sulfide. The reaction followed pseudo first order kinetics with regression coefficient in the order of 0.98. A very high Langmuir adsorption capacity in the order of 333.33 mg/g was obtained for MgS@CNF. Finally, MgS@CNF was applied towards the removal of cadmium from organic and TDS rich tannery waste water. MgS@CNF was effective in bringing down the concentration from ppm to ppb levels.
Modeling the Interplay between Photosynthesis, CO2 Fixation, and the Quinone Pool in a Purple Non-Sulfur Bacterium
Authors: Alsiyabi Adil , Immethun Cheryl M. , Saha Rajib 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 is a purple non-sulfur bacterium that can fix carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen or break down organic compounds for its carbon and nitrogen requirements. Light, inorganic, and organic compounds can all be used for its source of energy. Excess electrons produced during its metabolic processes can be exploited to produce hydrogen gas or biodegradable polyesters. A genome-scale metabolic model of the bacterium was reconstructed to study the interactions between photosynthesis, CO2 fixation, and the redox state of the quinone pool. A comparison of model-predicted flux values with available Metabolic Flux Analysis (MFA) fluxes yielded predicted errors of 5–19% across four different growth substrates. The model predicted the presence of an unidentified sink responsible for the oxidation of excess quinols generated by the TCA cycle. Furthermore, light-dependent energy production was found to be highly dependent on the quinol oxidation rate. Finally, the extent of CO2 fixation was predicted to be dependent on the amount of ATP generated through the electron transport chain, with excess ATP going toward the energy-demanding Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) pathway. Based on this analysis, it is hypothesized that the quinone redox state acts as a feed-forward controller of the CBB pathway, signaling the amount of ATP available.
Effects of Preservative-free 3% Diquafosol in Patients with Pre-existing Dry Eye Disease after Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Jun Ikhyun , Choi Seonghee , Lee Geun Young , Choi Young Joon , Lee Hyung Keun , Kim Eung Kweon , Seo Kyoung Yul , Kim Tae-im 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDry eye disease (DED) after cataract surgery has become a critical concern, and various therapeutic options have been developed. Recently, preservative-free diquafosol ophthalmic solution has been introduced; however, its therapeutic effect on DED after cataract surgery has not been reported. We investigated the efficacy of preservative-free diquafosol in patients with pre-existing DED after cataract surgery. We divided subjects who were diagnosed with DED and scheduled to undergo cataract surgery, into 3 groups (preservative-free diquafosol, group 1; preservative-containing diquafosol, group 2; preservative-free hyaluronate, group 3), and each eye drops was administered 6 times daily after surgery. Tear break up time (TBUT), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), corneal staining score, lid margin abnormality, and meibum quality improved over time in group 1. Groups 1 and 2 had significantly superior TBUT, meibomian gland dysfunction grade, and meibomian gland expressibility throughout the study period than group 3. Meibum quality of group 1 was significantly better than group 2 at 1 and 3 months after surgery. Preservative-free diquafosol showed better efficacy in treating DED after cataract surgery than preservative-containing diquafosol or preservative-free hyaluronate. Preservative-free diquafosol may serve as a reliable option for the management of patients with pre-existing DED after phacoemulsification.