bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone Mineral Density is Unaltered in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Ganie Mohd , Chakraborty Semanti , Sehgal Ashish , Sreejith M. , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Jana Manisha , Rashid Aafia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Context The effects of endocrine aberrations associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on bone mineral density (BMD) in young women is a matter of debate.
Objectives To compare BMD in young women with PCOS to age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls and to elucidate its correlation to BMI, insulin resistance and serum testosterone.
Design and Methods We recruited 60 women with PCOS aged 14-24 years, diagnosed based on Rotterdam 2003 criteria, and 58 age matched controls. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, these subjects underwent biochemical and hormonal analysis including oral glucose tolerance test, calculation of Homeostatic Model Assessment–Insulin Resistance Index, measurement of serum thyroxine, thyrotropin, prolactin, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicular phase luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone.
Results There was no difference of BMD between women with PCOS and control women (1.103±0.08 vs 1.126±0.083 g/cm2; p=0.122). In subgroup analysis based on BMI, BMD in obese women with PCOS was significantly higher than their overweight and lean counterparts at lumbar spine (p<0.001), neck of femur (p=0.005) and total hip (p<0.001). BMD was not different at any site between oligomenorrheic and non-oligomenorrheic women with PCOS. It positively correlated with BMI, waist and hip circumference in women with PCOS. No correlation was found with HOMA-IR or Testosterone.
Conclusions BMI is the most important determinant of BMD in women with PCOS. BMD is not different between healthy young women and those with PCOS.
Risk of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules Using the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in the NIFTP Era
Authors: Rosario Pedro , da Silva Alexandre , Nunes Maurício , Borges Michelle 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecently, the American College of Radiology (ACR) proposed a Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) for thyroid nodules based on ultrasonographic features. It is important to validate this classification in different centres. The present study evaluated the risk of malignancy in solid nodules>1 cm using ACR TI-RADS. The risk of malignancy was defined including noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) and after its exclusion from malignant tumours. For the present study, the original images were revised, and each nodule was assigned to one of the TI-RADS levels proposed for solid nodules: TR3, TR4, or TR5. This risk of malignancy was significantly different for the three levels: 1.7%, 11.2%, and 60.6% for TR3, TR4, and TR5, respectively, when NIFTP was included, and 0.6%, 7.9%, and 60.2% for TR3, TR4, and TR5, respectively, when NIFTP was excluded from malignant tumours. The nodules corresponding to NIFTP were classified according to ACR as TR3 in 28.5% of cases, TR4 in 67.8%, and TR5 in only 3.5%. The nodules corresponding to cancer were classified according to ACR as TR3 in only 2.3% of cases, TR4 in 27%, and TR5 in 70.5%. In conclusion, this study shows the validity of the ACR TI-RADS for solid thyroid nodules, even after the exclusion of NIFTP from malignant tumours.
Fighting Liver Fibrosis with Naturally Occurring Antioxidants
Authors: Lin Ligen , Zhou Fayang , Shen Shengnan , Zhang Tian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLiver fibrosis is a wound-healing response characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix following various liver injuries, which results in the deformation of the normal liver architecture and the development of liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that oxidative stress mediates the initiation and progression of liver fibrosis. Overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species disrupts macromolecules, induces necrosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes, stimulates the production of pro-fibrogenic mediators, and directly activates hepatic stellate cells, thereby resulting in liver damage and initiating liver fibrosis. Ameliorating oxidative stress is a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Natural antioxidants have attracted increasing attention in treating liver fibrosis due to their safety and efficacy. In this review, the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and the role of oxidative stress in liver fibrosis were discussed. Naturally occurring antioxidants that can treat and prevent liver fibrosis were summarized. Advances in clinical trials were also presented. The main purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date knowledge from the biological importance of oxidative stress in liver fibrosis to representative antioxidants for treating liver fibrosis. Naturally occurring antioxidants show a potential for further investigations as lead compounds in fighting liver fibrosis.
Synthesis of Functional Carbo-benzenes with Functional Properties: The C2 Tether Key
Authors: Maraval Valérie , Chauvin Remi , Cocq Kévin , Barthes Cécile , Rives Arnaud 
Published: October 2018

Beyond demonstration of conceptual relevance and synthetic feasibility of aryl/alkyl-substituted representatives, carbo-benzene molecules started to gain prospects of broader impact through the emergence of alkynyl derivatives. This is first illustrated by examples of di- and hexaalkynyl-carbo-benzenes, a carbo-naphthalene, a carbo-biphenyl, and two carbo-terphenyls. A focus is then given to dialkynyl derivatives by reference to the peripherally C2-extruded parents. In the centro­symmetric quadrupolar series, the C2 expansion or ethynylogation effect is more particularly considered for 9H-fluoren-2-yl, tris(O-n-­alkyl)pyrogallyl, indol-3-yl, 4-anilinyl, and tetraphenyl-carbo-phenyl substituents on the following respective properties: two-photon absorption, chemical stability, columnar mesogenicity, on-surface photo­induced charge separation vs single-molecule conductance, and reduction potential. Topical results and prospects of application are discussed on the basis of crystallographic, spectroscopic, and electrochemical analyses vs DFT-calculated nuclear and electronic structures. For the sake of the discussion consistency, complementary experimental and computational results are disclosed in the dianilinyl series. Overall, it is shown that combined advances in strategy, protocols, and substrate scope of acetylenic synthesis remain crucial for the development of yet poorly explored but promising types of molecular materials.1	Introduction2	Hexaalkynyl-carbo-benzene3	ortho-Dialkynyl-carbo-benzene4	para-Dialkynyl-carbo-benzenes4.1	Bistrimethylsilylethynyl-carbo-benzene4.2	Bisfluorenylethynyl-carbo-benzene4.3	Bistrialkoxyarylethynyl-carbo-benzenes4.4	Bisindolylethynyl-carbo-benzene4.5	Bisanilinylethynyl-carbo-benzene5	Carbo-oligo(phenyleneethynylene)s6	Conclusions
Determinants of Significant Out-Of-Hospital Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Sorrentino Sabato , Baber Usman , Claessen Bimmer , Camaj Anton , Vogel Birgit , Sartori Samantha , Guedeney Paul , Chandrasekhar Jaya , Farhan Serdar , Barman Nitin , Sweeny Joseph , Giustino Gennaro , Dangas George , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin , Mehran Roxana 
Published: October 2018

Background Although several variables have been identified as bleeding determinants (BDs), their occurrence and predictive value in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the real world remain unclear. We aimed to characterize the rate of BDs in patients undergoing PCI with stent implantation in a large volume tertiary centre.
Methods We included patients undergoing coronary stenting at our institution from January 2012 to December 2016, and defined post-discharge bleeding (PDB) as bleeding requiring hospitalization or transfusion. Several BDs, identified by the PARIS bleeding and PRECISE-DAPT scores and inclusion criteria of the LEADERS FREE trial, were analysed.
Results In a population of 10,406 subjects who underwent PCI, 2,938 patients (28.2%) had 1, 2,367 (22.8%) had 2 and 2,913 (28.0%) had ≥3 pre-specified BD. Compared with patients without PDB, subjects who experienced PDB were older (70.43 ± 11.94 vs. 65.90 ± 11.54 years, p < 0.0001) with a higher prevalence of common cardiovascular risk factors. One-year PDB occurred in 177 patients (2.4%), and consistently increased according to the number of BDs involved (1.12, 2.11 and 4.35%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Analogously, 1-year rates of post-discharge myocardial infarction or stent thrombosis increased according to the number of BDs (2.44, 3.38 and 4.87%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Only 7 BDs remained independently associated with PDB at 1 year, with anaemia, oral anticoagulant at discharge and malignancy representing the strongest predictors of such risk.
Conclusion Many risk factors predispose to PDB; they were often clustered together and conferred additive PDB risk at 1-year of follow-up.
Disputing with patients in person-centered care
Authors: Munthe Christian , El-Alti Leila , Hartvigsson Thomas , Nijsingh Niels 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article explores ethical aspects of using open argumentation in person-centered care (PCC), where health professionals (HPs)
openly criticize or contradict factual claims, assumptions, preferences, or value commitments of patients. We argue that such
disputing may be claimed to have an important place in advanced versions of PCC, but that it actualizes
important clinical ethical aspects of doing such disputation well. This may prompt caution in the implementation of PCC, but also
inspire educational and organizational reform. We also probe the notion of openly disputing with patients when PCC is applied in
less standard settings (where it is nevertheless advocated), using the cases of children, psychiatry, and public health
interventions, such as antibiotic stewardship programs, as examples. These contexts offer new reasons for why PCC may or should
include open disputing with patients, but also introduce new ethical complications. Some of these may transform either to
arguments against PCC implementation in these areas, or to a more open view of the extent a HP may seek to dominate patients in a
PCC setting. We are especially skeptical of the meaningfulness of applying advanced PCC in areas of psychiatry with high levels of
compulsory elements, such as forensic psychiatric detention.
The potential of argumentation theory in enhancing patient-centered care in breaking bad news
encounters
Authors: Karnieli-Miller Orit , Neufeld-Kroszynski Galit 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Recent research on medical communication discusses the role of argumentation in building physician-patient consensus to enhance
shared decision-making. This paper focuses on the potential of using argumentation to establish the preliminary step of shared
understanding of the diagnosis. This understanding is important in helping patients accept the disease and in increasing their
involvement in care. We conducted an in-depth analysis of an observation of a medical encounter, triangulated with interviews with
all participants, to illustrate how the lack of clear information and argumentation concerning the disease hindered the patient’s
understanding and acceptance of it. This in turn led to difficulties in building a trusting relationship and in reaching treatment
decisions. We discuss how using argumentation focused on the disease can allow a fruitful patient-centered discussion about the
medical condition and treatment options.
The role of argumentative strategies in the construction of emergent common ground in a patient-centered approach to
the medical encounter
Authors: Bigi Sarah 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In this paper, argumentation practices will be discussed in view of their potential for favoring effective information sharing and
the creation of ‘emergent common ground’, i.e. the common ground that is sought, created and co-constructed in the process of
communication. Argumentation is usually tightly knit with information sharing: if the parties have not previously shared a
sufficient amount of relevant knowledge, it is difficult for them to produce effective argumentation. Based on these premises, in
this paper the argumentation stages of medical encounters will be viewed as opportunities to reveal and integrate insufficient
common ground between clinicians and patients. By relying on the analysis of a corpus of real life encounters in a chronic care
setting, the interaction between information sharing and argumentation will be shown, along with problematic cases of
misunderstandings or ineffective argumentation due to lack of common ground. Implications for the clinical practice will be
discussed.
Implicit persuasion in medical decision-making
Authors: Engelhardt Ellen G. , Pieterse Arwen H. , Stiggelbout Anne M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
If the arguments to support a recommendation are partly implicit, the free exchange of ideas between discussants
can be hampered. In this paper, we will focus on the potential pitfall for clinicians when informing patients about treatment
options: implicit persuasion. We will describe a set of implicitly persuasive behaviors observed
during decision-making consultations, and reflect on how these behaviors could undermine efforts to stimulate patient
participation in decision-making. We will also reflect on possible explanations for why clinicians exhibit such behaviors.
Associated motion in Manchu in typological perspective
Authors: Jacques Guillaume , Alonso de la Fuente José Andrés 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The present paper presents a detailed description of the Associated Motion system of Classical Manchu, on the basis of original texts from the 17–18th centuries. It shows that despite superﬁcial similarities, Classical Manchu diﬀers in many ways from previously described AM systems only comprising translocative vs. cislocative markers, such as that of Japhug. This paper provides a basic framework for further research on the typology of simple AM systems.
Identifying lexical bundles in Chinese
Authors: Hsu Chan-Chia , Hsieh Shu-Kai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecurrent word sequences, referred to as “lexical bundles”, may be structurally incomplete, but they serve important communicative functions. Despite the essential roles of lexical bundles in discourse, many methodological issues have been raised in the process of identifying lexical bundles, which is generally frequency-based. The present study identifies three-word and four-word bundles in Chinese conversation and news, and efforts are made to respond to methodological challenges encountered in previous studies. We employ a more sensitive dispersion measure, DP, and an internal association measure, G, which help filter out high-frequency word sequences with no identifiable function and reduce the workload of further manual interventions. An exploratory data analysis is then conducted to compare the distributional patterns of lexical bundles in Chinese conversation and news. In Chinese, both the type number and the density of lexical bundles are higher in conversation than in news. This appears to be a strong cross-linguistic tendency that reflects the real-time pressure speakers face in spontaneous speech. The exploratory data analysis also shows that the elements in Chinese bundles are closely associated with each other. This suggests that lexical bundles are useful phrasal units in Chinese discourse, and thus invites further investigations of how lexical bundles are used in Chinese.
Metaphor in Hakka proverbs
Authors: Lai Huei-ling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates metaphor in Hakka proverbs by examining a corpus of 933 couplets based on a refined analytic framework fromLakoff & Turner (1989). For the source domain, the being of the state of affairs and the rhetorical relations of the two chunks are identified. For the target domain, the projected theme and the connotative tendency are examined. The results show that source domains significantly correlate with the rhetorical relations and target domains, respectively. Four metaphorical mapping mechanisms based on thegeneric is specificmetaphor are proposed for the operation of the global construal. A mirror image mapping is demonstrated: whole-for-part metonymy in the source domain and part-for-whole metonymy in the target domain. Both the evoked knowledge schemas, encompassing real-life Hakka folk experiences, and the projected themes, including family values, individual characters, and evaluations or standards of life, are found to be culturally constrained. A coalescence of linguistic, cultural, and affective forces is claimed to represent the metaphors in Hakka proverbs. The study contributes to a better understanding of metaphors in proverbs by establishing a solid ground from their linguistic and cultural features, and to expanding the conceptual metaphor theory by building the conceptual universality with specific cultural information.
The role of discourse strategies in the grammaticalization of the Japanese discourse markerdakara
Authors: Tanno Koji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present study examines the diachronic development of the Japanese discourse markerdakara‘so’ from the perspective of grammaticalization with a special focus on the role of discursive strategy in its semantic-pragmatic meaning change. Stemming from the adverbial phrasesoredakara‘because it is so’,dakaraoriginally emerged as a causal connective that introduces a consequence. Subsequently, it gained several non-causal uses, i.e. the point-making use that refers back to what has been said or inferable in the discourse to stress the point that the speaker has been trying to make, the point-clarification use that points out that the preceding interlocutor’s statements need more elaboration, and the point-denying use that indicates the speaker’s opposition to the interlocutor’s claim. Among the new non-causal uses, it is found that the point-making use emerged from the retrospective use of causality as a result of employing the discourse strategy of justification in argumentative discourse, while the point-clarification and the point-denying uses arose due to its use as a device for delaying disagreement. It is argued that these new uses developed because the expression was repeatedly used for these two discourse strategies and over time the readings associated with these contexts became conventionalized and turned into the expression’s encoded meaning. This low-level generalization seems to better explain the process of grammaticalization than the high-level generalization of (inter)subjectivity for the developments ofdakara.
Reading and embodying the script during the theatrical rehearsal
Authors: Lefebvre Augustin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The paper develops an ethnomethodological, conversation-analytic and multimodal approach of the theatrical rehearsal, examining how
participants collaboratively read, understand and embody the script. After examining the spatial organization of the setting, the
paper focuses on the following interactional practices: (1) from the participants’ perspective, the script appears as a written
sequence of lines to connect with their knowledge of social interaction; (2) participants understand the script through their
sequential and contextual readings; (3) they collaboratively connect the utterance of written lines with embodied behavior through
the check-reading, and (4) by coordinating the lines with pauses and gaze directions. The analysis relies on video-recordings in
French and Japanese collected at an Art center in Japan.
Dialogism is an integrationism
Authors: Linell Per 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInLanguage and Dialogue8:1 (2018), Peter Jones wrote a critical article dealing with dialogical theory in the context of language and communication. His article covered several theoretical and methodological frameworks dealing with concepts of dialogue, here interpreted from the point-of-view of Roy Harris’s integrationism. Edda Weigand (this issue) has written a comprehensive discussion article which mainly focuses onPablé (2018)andOrman (2018)as well as Harris’s original work. In my present response to Jones I deal almost exclusively with my own version of “extended dialogism”, which was included among his targets. I argue that extended dialogism is actually a form of moderate integrationism. I demonstrate that Jones’s contribution has several interesting points, but that it also contains a number of misguided interpretations.
Study-abroad students’ identity and social integration
Authors: Goldoni Federica 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudents’ experiences abroad can vary a great deal and their identity plays a critical role in shaping their experiences. This study employed sociocultural theory, Critical Race Theory and Bourdieu’s notions of habitus and capital to explore the experiences of four groups of US undergraduates enrolled in four study abroad programs in Spain sponsored by a large US university located in the South East. Findings showed how students’ identity intersected and shaped their journey and impacted their social integration. The examples of Albert, Theresa, and Rebecca, three focal students, allowed forthe analysis of how differently students’ identity, notably gender, race, ethnicity, age, social class, and nationality, affected their interactions with locals and perceptions of the target language, culture, and society. Important implications are discussed, including the importance of training study abroad participants before, during and after the trip, and selecting activities that facilitate greater and more sustained social integration.
Translating/ed selves and voices
Authors: Tipton Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article addresses issues of multilingualism in domestic violence support services, building on Tipton (2017a) and findings from a small qualitative study involving an organization in the North West of England. The aim is to shed light on how organizations construct multilingual spaces, the role played by language service provisions in the mediation of such spaces, and how interpreters handle the specificities of working with victims given the lack of available specialist training. The concept of communicative repertoire (following Blommaert and Backus 2011) is introduced to support analysis of supported and autonomous forms of communication in relation to the semiotic practices of survival in their broadest sense, casting new light on the organization’s handling of multilingual service delivery and the role of interpreter mediation.