bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymptomatic radiographic sinonasal inflammation does not affect pituitary surgery outcomes
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Rereddy Shruthi K. , Patel Neil N. , Maina Ivy W. , Triantafillou Vasiliki , Kohanski Michael A. , Tong Charles C.L. , Nabavizadeh Seyed A. , Lee John Y.K. , Grady M. Sean , O'Malley Bert W. , Palmer James N. , Adappa Nithin D. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a proposed risk factor for meningitis and other intracranial complications following the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach (TSA). Some have recommended staging TSA following surgery for CRS; however, delaying TSA has important ramifications. The objective of this study is to determine whether asymptomatic sinonasal inflammation (RSNI) on preoperative computed tomography scans, without clinical CRS, is associated with postoperative complications following TSA.MethodsAll consecutive TSA cases performed at a single tertiary care institution from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2017, were reviewed for patient demographics, prior surgery, presence of RSNI on preoperative computed tomography scan based on Lund‐Mackay (LM) score, intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, and postoperative complications (postoperative CSF leak, bleeding, infection). The association between preoperative RSNI and postoperative complications was analyzed via multivariate logistic regression.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐one cases of TSA were included with mean patient age of 52.6 years, 42.7% males, 18.1% revision cases, and mean LM score of 1.9 ± 2.7. Complications were identified in 9.9% of patients at the following rates: 5.3% postoperative CSF leak, 2.9% bleeding, and 1.8% infection (all sinusitis, no episodes of meningitis). Neither total LM score nor LM score > 5 (representative of clinically significant radiographic CRS) were predictors of any postoperative complication (both P > 0.05). Age, sex, revision status, intraoperative CSF leak, and total LM score were not independent predictors of any postoperative complication on multivariate analysis (all P > 0.05).ConclusionIn asymptomatic patients, radiographic evidence of sinonasal inflammation is not associated with increased risk of complications following TSA.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1545–1548, 2019
Surgical Outcomes in Idiopathic Recurrent Facial Nerve Paralysis: A Rare Clinical Entity
Authors: Sullivan Christopher Blake , Sun Daniel Q. , Zhu Vivian L. , Hansen Marlan R. , Gantz Bruce J. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the postoperative facial nerve dysfunction, audiometric outcomes, and long‐term quality‐of‐life outcomes of patients with idiopathic recurrent facial nerve paralysis (RFP) after middle cranial fossa (MCF) microsurgical decompression.MethodsRetrospective chart analysis of 11 (mean age 37.0 years, range 5 to 67) patients at an academic tertiary referral center who underwent MCF facial nerve decompression. Data analysis included evaluation of pre‐ and postoperative House‐Brackmann (HB) score, pre‐ and postoperative pure‐tone average (PTA), pre‐and postoperative word recognition scores (WRS), and postoperative Facial Clinimetric Evaluation survey.ResultsMean number of preoperative facial paralysis episodes was 3.5 (range 2 to 6), and preoperative HB score was 4.5 (range 1 to 6). Postoperatively, 0 patients had further episodes of facial nerve paralysis at an average of 6.5 years (range 0.1 to 17.6) (P = 0.005), and the average postoperative HB score was 2.1 (range 1 to 3) (P = 0.011). Postoperative audiometry was stably maintained as assessed with PTA and WRS scores.ConclusionMicrosurgical facial nerve decompression for idiopathic RFP may be a reliable therapeutic modality to prophylactically decrease the number of facial nerve paralysis episodes and may also help to improve facial nerve functional status.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:200–205, 2020
pH‐Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
Authors: Deirram Nayeleh , Zhang Changhe , Kermaniyan Sarah S. , Johnston Angus P. R. , Such Georgina K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStimuli‐responsive nanoparticles have the potential to improve the delivery of therapeutics to a specific cell or region within the body. There are many stimuli that have shown potential for specific release of cargo, including variation of pH, redox potential, or the presence of enzymes. pH variation has generated significant interest for the synthesis of stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles because nanoparticles are internalized into cells via vesicles that are acidified. Additionally, the tumor microenvironment is known to have a lower pH than the surrounding tissue. In this review, different strategies to design pH‐responsive nanoparticles are discussed, focusing on the use of charge‐shifting polymers, acid labile linkages, and crosslinking.
SEM study of simulated clinical use for four nickel–titanium rotary endodontic files
Authors: Burke Jr. Thomas , Nusstein John , Drum Melissa , Fowler Sara , Brantley William A. , Draper John 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary endodontic instruments are the major medical devices currently used for root canal therapy. Recently marketed NiTi files are manufactured using thermomechanical processes that improve fatigue resistance and flexibility, which are critical for clinical performance. This study employed a simulated clinical model to compare the wear and fracture of three such rotary instrument products (ProFile Vortex Blue™, ProTaper Gold™ and Coltene HyFlex® CM™), with a previously introduced product (ProFile Vortex™) serving as a control. Files were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) at four positions along their length before use and through three simulated clinical procedures on extracted teeth. Wear and deformation were evaluated by two experienced clinicians. Files were categorized as usable, visually unacceptable and microscopically unacceptable, and results were analysed statistically. Three files fractured, and nine files plastically deformed. Many unused instruments were judged to be microscopically unacceptable. There were no significant effects for brand and amount of use for files remaining visibly useful. Microscopically useful instruments were significantly affected by the number of uses. It was concluded that no observed wear or distortion pattern limited multiple file uses and that poorly manufactured surface condition was not necessarily a precursor to failure. Controlled‐memory instruments tended to deform plastically and present minimal fracture risk.
Efficient time‐domain numerical analysis of waveguides with tailored wideband pulses
Authors: Viquerat Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA simple procedure for the generation of accurate polychromatic sources in waveguides taking into account mode dispersion is presented. It allows for an efficient use of time‐domain solvers in the analysis of guided modes, and can be used whether the mode dispersion and field distribution are known analytically or numerically. This method is implemented in the Diogenes discontinuous Galerkin time‐domain (DGTD) solver (http://diogenes.inria.fr), and is validated on a waveguide mode converter.
Size Selectivity of Sampling Gears Used to Sample Kokanee
Authors: Klein Zachary B. , Quist Michael C. , Dux Andrew M. , Corsi Matthew P. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka provide valued recreational fisheries and also serve as a prey resource for economically, socially, and ecologically important fishes. As such, management of kokanee is a major focus of natural resource agencies. Kokanee are typically monitored using midwater trawls, but the interpretation of data collected using midwater trawls is difficult due to the unknown size selectivity of the gear. We sought to assess the length selectivity of midwater trawls by comparing estimates obtained from midwater trawls with estimates obtained from gill nets adjusted for size selectivity. Experimental curtain gill nets and midwater trawls were used in conjunction to sample kokanee in seven lentic systems in Idaho. The size selectivity of gill nets was estimated by accounting for the probability of encounter and the probability of retention. Estimates of size selectivity were then used to adjust the length distribution of fish sampled in gill nets. The adjusted length distribution of fish sampled in gill nets was compared with estimates obtained from midwater trawls to identify potential size selectivity of midwater trawls. A pattern of size selectivity was apparent for both sampling techniques. The average length of kokanee sampled with midwater trawls was 111 mm; whereas, kokanee sampled with gill nets had a mean length of 235 mm. Our results suggest experimental gill nets are useful for common sampling of kokanee (e.g., trend monitoring) because the gear is less size selective than midwater trawls and is adjustable for size selectivity. However, midwater trawls are likely the best gear for addressing questions associated with early life history. Overall, our results provide a better understanding of gill-net and midwater trawl selectivity and ultimately improve the ability to sample and manage the species.
Experimentally Reducing Competition and Other Biotic Limitations Can Impact Growth, Food Habits, and Activity and Lead to Age-1 Maturation in Yellow Perch
Authors: Munter R. A. , Schoenebeck C. W. , Koupal K. D. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Much attention has been given to describing how abiotic factors impact the population dynamics of Yellow Perch Perca flavescens, especially during early life history; however, the impacts of biotic factors are less understood. In this study, we simplified the community assemblage to reduce interspecific competition and gain a better understanding of the role biotic conditions play in creating Yellow Perch fisheries. Yellow Perch were introduced into three recently renovated lakes in an attempt to increase growth rates through reduced interspecific competition and hypothetically allow fish to reach an acceptable size for angler harvest in a shorter period of time compared with four mixed-species lakes. Yellow Perch-only populations exhibited faster growth, potentially resulting from reduced interspecific competition, increased piscivory, and lower levels of activity. Yellow Perch-only populations also had more consistent recruitment, onset of maturation at age 1, and an earlier onset of sexual size dimorphism compared with mixed-species lakes and published literature. While limitations of density dependence were noted, natural resource managers are encouraged to investigate methods that would capitalize on the improved population dynamics of Yellow Perch-only lakes and the release from biotic controls.
Gill-Net Fishing Effort Predicts Physical Injuries on Sockeye Salmon Captured near Spawning Grounds
Authors: Kanigan Adam M. , Hinch Scott G. , Bass Arthur L. , Harrower William L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Nonretention in gill-net fisheries for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. can be relatively high and can cause a variety of impairments to nonretained fish, which often lead to immediate or delayed mortality. We sought to improve the understanding of the association between gill-net escapement and injuries incurred by upriver-migrating salmon by examining the relationship between gill-net fishing effort in the Fraser River, British Columbia, and the frequency and severity of gill-net injuries to migrating Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Adult Sockeye Salmon were intercepted at a location approximately 335 km from the mouth of the Fraser River and assessed for gill-net injuries. Gill-net fisheries targeting Sockeye Salmon operated throughout the first 320 km of the Fraser River main stem starting at the mouth of the river. A generalized linear mixed model was used to identify the role of gill-net fishing effort, fork length, and sex on the probability of an individual fish sustaining a gill-net injury. Predicted probabilities of gill-net injury ranged from 12% to 46% across all levels of fishing effort, suggesting that gill-net injuries were more prevalent among individuals that encountered high levels of fishing effort. However, fishing effort did not seem to influence the severity of gill-net injuries. Our results suggest that estimates of fishing effort may be useful in predicting the probability of gill-net injury to migrating fish, which could help managers estimate en route mortality and more accurately predict spawner escapement.
A Rational Approach to Tetra‐Functional Photo‐Switches
Authors: Niermeier Philipp , Lamm Jan‐Hendrik , Mix Andreas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstractα,ω‐Bis(1,8‐dichloroanthracen‐10‐yl)alkanes with (CH2)n‐linker units (n=1–4) were synthesized starting from 1,8‐dichloroanthracen‐10(9H)‐one. This was transformed into anthracenes with allyl, bromomethyl and propargyl substituents in position 10; these were converted in various C−C‐bond formation reactions (plus hydrogenation), leading to two anthracene units flexibly linked by α,ω‐alkandiyl groups. 1,2‐Ethandiyl‐ and 1,3‐propandiyl‐linked derivatives were functionalized with ethynyl groups in positions 1, 8, 1’ and 8’, and these terminally functionalized by Me3Sn groups using Me2NSnMe3. All linked bisanthracenes were subjected to UV light induced cyclomerization and a series of 9,10 : 9’,10’‐photo‐cyclomers were obtained. Their thermal cycloreversion and (repeated) switchability was demonstrated. 1,3‐Bis{1,8‐bis[(trimethylstannyl)ethynyl]anthracen‐10‐yl}propane served as model compound for photo‐switchable acceptor molecules and its open and closed forms were characterized by NMR and DOSY experiments.
Why is pancreatic cancer so deadly? The pathologist's view
Authors: Hruban Ralph H , Gaida Matthias M , Thompson Elizabeth , Hong Seung‐Mo , Noë Michaël , Brosens Lodewijk AA , Jongepier Martine , Offerhaus G Johan A , Wood Laura D 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe remarkable aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer has never been fully explained. Although clearly multifactorial, we postulate that venous invasion, a finding seen in most pancreatic cancers but not in most cancers of other organs, may be a significant, underappreciated contributor to the aggressiveness of this disease. Copyright © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sense of school belonging: Psychometric properties and differences across gender, grades, and East Asian societies
Authors: Kuang Xiaoxue , Mok Magdalena Mo Ching , Chiu Ming Ming , Zhu Jinxin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs students’ sense of school belonging (SOSB) is essential for their psychosocial well‐being and academic success, developing precise measures of SOSB is critical for assessing it properly. After an unrelated item was deleted, the SOSB scale showed good psychometric properties, based on Rasch analysis of data from 36,963 students in Grade 4 or Grade 8 from four East Asian societies. While no items showed gender differential item functioning (DIF), two items showed substantial society DIF, and two items showed grade DIF in Japan and South Korea. Concurrent equating created a common measurement scale for the four societies for future comparisons. The multigroup random slope two‐level analysis of the concurrent SOSB measures showed that SOSB is higher among girls than boys. From Grade 4 to Grade 8, SOSBs dropped substantially, especially for South Korea, and gender gaps decreased in Hong Kong, Japan, and South Korea. Hence, studies of interventions to improve SOSB, especially for boys and students in later grades, are vital.
Population‐based estimate of the use of intermittent androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer patients in Catalonia, Spain
Authors: Cordero José A. , Sancho Gemma , Bonfill Xavier 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the use of intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) therapy in patients with prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsRetrospective, non‐interventional study based on electronic pharmacy dispensation data of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs and anti‐androgens in Catalonia (Spain). Intermittency was defined as the percentage of time off treatment (%IAD), which was calculated for the whole sample by dividing the sum of all off‐IAD periods by the total time on any LHRH analog regimen. The prevalence of patients on an IAD regimen (PIAD) was also estimated. A small validation study based on data from clinical records confirmed the excellent sensitivity and specificity of this approach.ResultsA total of 515 803 prescriptions for LHRH analog were dispensed over a 5‐year period (2008 to 2012) to 35 089 PCa patients. The mean age (±SD) was 77 years (±9). The %IAD in the cohort was 1.7% whereas the 5‐year prevalence (PIAD) was 4.2%. Only 2.5% of patients on IAD were on IAD for >6 months. Of the physicians (n = 1638) who prescribed hormonal treatment, 24% used IAD at least once. Total expenditures for LHRH analogs were 1.2% of total drug expenditure in this population.ConclusionsThis study confirms the validity of the method developed to estimate IAD use based on electronic pharmacy dispensation data. Given the large potential clinical and economic benefits that greater use of IAD could provide, future studies are needed to confirm these findings and to identify new strategies to increase the use of IAD.
Preparation and properties of modified graphene oxide incorporated waterborne polyurethane acrylate
Authors: Li Jing , Yin Yuhua , Muhammad Yaseen , Yang Jing , Yang Song , Yang Hongquan , Sahibzada Maria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, a new modifier (KPG) was prepared by modifying graphene oxide with γ‐glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (KH560) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). KPG was in turn added to aqueous urethane acrylate for the fabrication of waterborne polyurethane polyacrylate emulsion modified with KH560‐PDMS composite (KPG/WPUA). Textural characterizations of the KPG/WPUA coating were achieved via Fourier transform infrared, SEM, TGA and AFM techniques, which revealed that the KPG/WPUA film possessed a smooth surface. The synthesized KPG/WPUA films were tested for mechanical properties, hydrophobicity and acid/water corrosion performance which suggested their highly hydrophobic surface. KPG/WPUA with 0.1% KPG showed a contact angle of 118.35°, 30.35° higher than that of pristine WPUA. The KPG/WPUA film exhibited higher thermal stability, i.e. a 5% weight loss temperature of 305 °C, which was 30 °C higher than that of pristine WPUA film. The Young's modulus and elongation at break of the KPG/WPUA film were 34.1 MPa and 74.88% respectively, which were higher than that of WPUA film. Furthermore, KPG/WPUA films exhibited greater resistance (without obvious blistering and the white spotting phenomenon) to H2O2, HCl and water corrosion than pristine WPUA. The superior performance of KPG/WPUA films was attributed to the network chain structure formed upon the introduction of KPG into WPUA. The outstanding performance of KPG/WPUA films in terms of mechanical properties, thermal stability and high resistance to acidic and water corrosion makes them interesting alternative contenders for target applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
In search for a hydride‐carbene bond
Authors: Jabłoński Mirosław 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBy presenting a large group of dimers featuring hydride‐carbene bond between silane and various carbenes, we show that electrophilic properties of singlet carbenes can manifest also to a hydridic, ie, negatively charged, hydrogen atom of a hydride. This type of interaction is traced by the corresponding bond path in 18 cases. However, taking into account the fact that in the case of large interatomic distances, the electrostatic potential maps are better indicators of dominant intermolecular interactions, it is shown that the amount of dimers with the hydride‐carbene bond is even larger, as indicated by both the proximity and correct orientation of theπ‐hole on the carbene carbon atom and the negative surface of the hydridic hydrogen of the silane molecule. The hydride‐carbene bond is weak, especially when compared with the hydride‐triel bond also involving the silane. In contrast to the latter, the intermolecular charge transfer is negligible. Moreover, the local electrostatic interaction involving the carbene carbon'sπ‐hole is not necessarily predominant in stabilization of all the carbene⋯silane complexes.
Lung ultrasound for prediction of respiratory support in infants with acute bronchiolitis: A cohort study
Authors: Bueno‐Campaña Mercedes , Sainz Talía , Alba Maria , del Rosal Teresa , Mendez‐Echevarría Ana , Echevarria Regina , Tagarro Alfredo , Ruperez‐Lucas Marta , Herrreros Maria L. , Latorre Libertad , Calvo Cristina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveRespiratory tract infections are among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is the leading cause of hospital admission among infants. Clinical scores have proven to be inaccurate in predicting prognosis. Our aim was to build a score based on findings of lung ultrasound (LU) performed at admission, to stratify patients at risk of needing respiratory support (non‐invasive and invasive ventilation).Study designProspective, multicenter study including infants <6 months of age admitted with AB. Point‐of‐care LU was performed on admission, and a score was calculated based on ultrasound findings (presence and localization of B lines, B line confluence and/or consolidations) and clinical data. Main outcome was need of respiratory support.ResultsA total of 145 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 1.7 months [IQR: 1.2‐2.8], 47.6% were female. Mean duration of symptoms prior to admission was 3.1 days (SD 1.8). Fifty‐six patients (39%) required non‐invasive ventilation (NIV), 14 (9.7%) were transferred to PICU, and 3 needed invasive ventilation (3/145). Identification of at least one posterior consolidation >1 cm was the main factor associated to NIV (RR 4.4; [CI95%1.8‐10.8]) The LU score built according to the findings on admission showed an AUC: 0.845(CI95%:0.78‐0.91). A score ≥3.5 showed a sensitivity of 89.1% (CI95%:78.2‐94.9%) and specificity of 56% (CI95%: 45.3‐66.1%)ConclusionsAmong infants below 6 months of age admitted with AB, point‐of‐care LU was a helpful tool to identify patients at risk of needing respiratory support.
Structural and functional characterization of a novel acidophilic 7α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
Authors: Tang Shijin , Pan Yinping , Lou Deshuai , Ji Shunlin , Zhu Liancai , Tan Jun , Qi Na , Yang Qiong , Zhang Zhi , Yang Biling , Zhao Wenyan , Wang Bochu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract7α‐Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α‐HSDH) is an NAD(P)H‐dependent oxidoreductase belonging to the short‐chain dehydrogenases/reductases. In vitro, 7α‐HSDH is involved in the efficient biotransformation of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) to tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). In this study, a gene encoding novel 7α‐HSDH (named as St‐2‐1) from fecal samples of black bear was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein has subunits of 28.3 kDa and a native size of 56.6 kDa, which suggested a homodimer. We studied the relevant properties of the enzyme, including the optimum pH, optimum temperature, thermal stability, activators, and inhibitors. Interestingly, the data showed that St‐2‐1 differs from the 7α‐HSDHs reported in the literature, as it functions under acidic conditions. The enzyme displayed its optimal activity at pH 5.5 (TCDCA). The acidophilic nature of 7α‐HSDH expands its application environment and the natural enzyme bank of HSDHs, providing a promising candidate enzyme for the biosynthesis of TUDCA or other related chemical entities.