bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reimbursement scheme for China’s public hospitals from perspective of stakeholders
Authors: Jiang Qiwen , Luo Xiaojing , Wang Sibo , Chen Shi-Jie (Gary) 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Public hospitals in China usually rely on revenues from medical services and medications to compensate for major costs given their nonprofit nature. The lack of government subsidies and unreasonable prices of medical services have led to high medical costs and unbalanced reimbursement system for public hospitals. There is a critical need of research on improvement of reimbursement system that will create positive effect on China’s health-care system. This paper aims to focus on four dimensions of stakeholders (government, patients, medical insurance agencies and social organization) and six major expenditures to explore reimbursement scheme for public hospitals in China with the purpose of relieving unbalanced income and expenditure of hospitals, avoiding medication markups and reducing medical expenses from patients.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors study reimbursement scheme for public hospitals from the perspective of four dimensions of stakeholders and how stakeholders reimburse six major expenditures of hospitals. A total of 128 effective samples were collected from financial data of 32 public hospitals through 2009-2012. This paper analyzes the econometric models of the selected revenue and expenditure. This paper analyzes the econometric models of the selected revenue and expenditure using linear regression. The linear relationship between each cost and different types of incomes (i.e. reimbursements from government, patients, insurance agencies and social organization) is analyzed before and after cancelling the medication markups.

Findings
Results from empirical research verify that government reimbursement is insufficient, and using medication markups to compensate for medical service costs has become a serious problem for China’s public hospitals. To avoid the medication markups and improve the reimbursement scheme, government should reimburse labor cost, fixed assets cost and research cost; patients and medical insurance agencies should reimburse the costs of medical service, medication and administration/operations; and social organization should supplement the fixed assets cost.

Originality/value
In this study, the authors defined and classified stakeholders of reimbursement scheme for public hospitals in China, which help understand the roles and effects that different stakeholders can play in compensation. Along with the proposed reimbursement scheme framework, this study will help make effective implementation of new health-care reform program in China.
MNCs’ R&D talent management in China: aligning practices with strategies
Authors: Li Lydia Qianqian , Xin Katherine , Pucik Vlado , Wei William X. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose practical recommendations in accordance with the strategic roles played by research and development (R&D) in multinational companies (MNCs).

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies a qualitative method to investigate the talent management (TM) practices implemented in MNCs’ R&D units.

Findings
The findings identify four R&D strategies and four sectors of TM practices. Furthermore, there exists an alignment between R&D strategies and TM practices.

Research limitations/implications
This paper has several limitations. This qualitative research is exploratory, and larger samples or quantitative methods are needed to ensure the wider applicability of the findings. When possible, longitudinal studies yield superior results in revealing the evolving strategic roles of R&D subsidiaries and their TM practices. The authors used China as the research context, and similar studies in other emerging countries with active R&D activities are required to further validate or complement the findings in this study.

Practical implications
This study has some practical implications for companies with regard to aligning their TM practices with R&D strategies.

Originality/value
R&D units play an increasingly significant role in MNCs and TM is a key issue. However, there is a lack of TM research focusing on R&D employees by taking strategies into account.
Developing critical literacy in science through an SFL-informed pedagogical heuristic
Authors: Fang Zhihui , Adams Brittany , Gresser Valerie T. , Li Cuiying 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper describes and exemplifies a pedagogical heuristic for promoting critical literacy in science.

Design/methodology/approach
One way to support critical literacy in science is through a linguistically informed pedagogical heuristic called 5Es – Enquire, Engage, Examine, Exercise and Extend.

Findings
This paper describes the implementation of 5Es in a four-week middle school science unit on climate change, showing how the heuristic can be used to develop students’ understanding of the varied ways authors use language to present information, structure text, infuse judgment and evaluation, engage with and position the reader and express epistemic commitment to knowledge claims.

Originality/value
5Es offer teachers a new heuristic for text exploration that develops students’ critical language awareness, advanced literacy and disciplinary literacy at the same time.
Acquisition experience and production resource efficiency
Authors: Kim Dong-Young , Davis Sean M. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how the acquisition experience – an acquiring firm’s experience of acquiring and integrating the resources of an acquired firm – affects the production resource efficiency of the acquiring firm.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used data obtained from US manufacturing industries over the 1992–2014 period. The sample includes 784 acquisitions by 417 firms. The proposed hypotheses were tested through econometric analysis.FindingsResults show that the acquisition experience has a positive association with production resource efficiency. The acquisition experience is most positively associated with acquiring firms’ production efficiency when they successfully accomplished previous performance outcomes. While the literature has recognized the relatedness of acquiring and acquired firms as a contextual moderator, the interaction of the related acquisition and the acquisition experience has no impact on efficiency benefits.Originality/valueThis study enhances the understanding of how prior acquisition experience can be leveraged by acquiring firms to gain efficiency benefits in the manufacturing industry.
A matrix model towards CSR – moving from one size fit approach
Authors: Jose Saju , Venkitachalam Krishna 
Published: March 2019

PurposeCorporate social responsibility (CSR) research is often dominated in a western context. Perhaps, with the rapid expansion of organisations in the context of emerging economies, there is a pressing need for the development of a new dimension. Organisations operating in emerging markets must address the social challenges of serving low-income consumers and rural communities as part of their CSR strategy. The next era of CSR should look out for a period of experimentation and innovation as organisations advance their core business objectives by addressing existing social and environmental issues, which are dependent on market and industry settings. The purpose of this paper is the requirement of careful considerations when formulating the CSR framework for different industries and markets in the global business environment and this is the focus in this paper.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a review and certain limitations of the literature on the highly cited works such as stakeholder theory and Carroll’s pyramid model. Following on, the proposed matrix model, related discussion of the four phases and associated propositions are explained in the paper. Finally, some concluding remarks on the need for a new look on CSR in the context of non-western markets are presented.FindingsIn this paper, the authors introduce “The matrix model of CSR” as a starting attempt and a guideline in formulating the CSR approach across industry and countries, particularly illustrating in the context of diverse organisations in different sectors. However, this model is at a conceptual level and future research could allow empirical testing and refinement of the “matrix model” in different market and industry conditions.Originality/valueA CSR model for multiple organisational contexts would provide more insight for the relevant stakeholders regarding their CSR activities. Thus, this article attempts to suggest a CSR matrix model and it takes a phased approach by classifying the CSR activities based on the degrees of CSR and altruistic nature of activities that could be adapted for other industries as well as emerging economies.
Differential effects of soil chemistry on the foliar resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus across altitudinal gradients
Authors: Gerdol Renato , Iacumin Paola , Brancaleoni Lisa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves prior to litterfall is a strategy for nutrient conservation in vascular plants. However, the mechanisms through which soil fertility and/or foliar nutrient status affect nutrient resorption are not yet fully known.

We used two 1,000‐m‐wide altitudinal gradients on two different bedrock types (carbonate and silicate) for analysing the interactive effects of temperature and soil chemistry on the resorption efficiency of two major nutrients, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Our objective was to assess how nutrient resorption varied across the gradients through the adaptation of individual species to changing environmental conditions rather than through changes in species composition.

Both N and P resorption efficiency increased across the altitudinal gradients independent of bedrock type. The main process regulating nutrient resorption was a negative feedback to nutrient availability in the soil. The negative feedback of nutrient resorption efficiency to soil nutrient status was unrelated to total soil nutrient contents but depended on concentrations of organic N forms for nitrogen resorption efficiency (NRE) and on inorganic P forms for phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE), respectively.

While we hypothesized that the resorption of P, as a principally rock‐derived nutrient, depended on physical–chemical processes affected by soil chemistry, our results showed that microbial P mineralization was the main source of inorganic P supply to the plants. Both NRE and PRE were effective to improve the growth potential of plants, but there was no evidence of stoichiometric adaptations of N:P RE‐to‐nutrient ratio in the soil.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Forensic Investigation of a Shawl Linked to the “Jack the Ripper” Murders
Authors: Louhelainen Jari , Miller David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA set of historic murders, known as the “Jack the Ripper murders,” started in London in August 1888. The killer's identity has remained a mystery to date. Here, we describe the investigation of, to our knowledge, the only remaining physical evidence linked to these murders, recovered from one of the victims at the scene of the crime. We applied novel, minimally destructive techniques for sample recovery from forensically relevant stains on the evidence and separated single cells linked to the suspect, followed by phenotypic analysis. The mtDNA profiles of both the victim and the suspect matched the corresponding reference samples, fortifying the link of the evidence to the crime scene. Genomic DNA from single cells recovered from the evidence was amplified, and the phenotypic information acquired matched the only witness statement regarded as reliable. To our knowledge, this is the most advanced study to date regarding this case.
Sequential Transmission of Salmonella in the Slaughtering Process of Chicken in Korea
Authors: Lee Hye‐Jin , Youn So‐Youn , Jeong Ok‐Mi , Kim Jin‐Hyun , Kim Dong‐Wan , Jeong Ji‐Yeon , Kwon Yong‐Kuk , Kang Min‐Su 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSalmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. Salmonella infections in humans are mainly associated with consumption of poultry products contaminated with this foodborne pathogen. Therefore, strict sanitary measures are necessary to control Salmonella contamination during the slaughtering process of poultry. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and transmission of Salmonella at a series of steps in the slaughtering process of chicken. A total of 601 samples were collected from a series of slaughtering steps (10 sampling sites) of 26 chicken slaughterhouses throughout Korea. Salmonella was isolated from samples and its distribution was analyzed along the slaughtering process. Isolates from each sampling site were tested for susceptibility to 15 antibiotics by the broth microdilution method. They were also genotypically characterized by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonela was isolated from 168 out of 601 samples. Sixteen serotypes were identified while six isolates were untypable. Salmonella enterica serovars Montevideo (n = 29) and Virchow (n = 27) were the most common serotypes out of 119 nonredundant isolates. Relatively high contamination rates of Salmonella were found in shackles (75.0%), feathers near plucking machine (68.5%), and feces from crates (44.0%). Twenty‐three antibiotic resistance patterns were recognized and 40 (33.6%) isolates were resistant to five or more antibiotics. The same serotypes of Salmonella were distributed along the slaughtering process of each Salmonella‐positive slaughterhouse. Most of those isolates belonging to the same serotype had identical or closely related PFGE profiles. They also shared common antibiotic resistance patterns. Overall findings of this study indicated that Salmonella were sequentially transmitted through the chicken slaughtering process.Practical ApplicationThis study provides useful information on the distribution and transmission of Salmonella serotypes through the chicken slaughtering process. Overall findings indicated the need for routine microbiological monitoring along the slaughtering process. This study also showed that on‐farm control of Salmonella is needed to obtain Salmonella‐free chicken carcasses.
Glycoprotein 96 polymorphisms are associated with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case‐control study
Authors: Lee Jeong Seok , Im Churl Hyun , Lee Sang Jin , Choi Ji Yong , Han Jung Min , Kim Sunghoon , Kim Dong Jo , Park Taesung , Lee Eun Young , Song Yeong Wook 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the clinical implications of a genetic polymorphism in glycoprotein 96 (GP96), by analyzing the association between the genotype and haplotype of GP96 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodWe analyzed cell‐surface expression of GP96 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum titer of anti‐GP96 antibody of SLE patients. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and deletion mutants of GP96 were detected by two‐dimensional gene scanning (TDGS). Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined for each genotype and haplotype through the chi‐square test.ResultsIn total, 216 Korean SLE patients and 215 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were enrolled. In SLE patients, as opposed to healthy controls, cell‐surface expression of GP96 among human leukocyte antigen‐DR+ PBMCs (76.4% vs 45.5%, respectively, P < 0.001) and serum anti‐GP96 antibody titers (0.98 vs 0.50, respectively, P = 0.012) increased. TDGS revealed six polymorphic sites in GP96, two of which were significantly associated with SLE (exon 1, g.‐7C>G, odds ratio [OR] 1.78, 95% CI 1.16‐2.75, P = 0.009; exon 17, g.17009_17011del, OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.18‐2.64, P = 0.006). Two haplotypes (121111, 211212) were strongly associated with SLE (OR 8.92, 95% CI 1.10‐72.6, P = 0.041; OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.22‐7.50, P = 0.017, respectively) and specific clinical manifestations (discoid rash, arthritis, renal disorder, neurologic disorder, and hematologic disorder). Haplotype‐based analysis revealed a stronger association between GP96 and SLE than did genotype‐based analysis.ConclusionThe two polymorphisms, each in exons 1 and 17 of GP96 are potential genetic risk factors of SLE. Two haplotypes 121111 and 211212 are related to not only SLE but also specific clinical manifestations.
Narrating China's belt and road initiative
Authors: Zeng Jinghan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article studies the formation process of China's belt and road initiative (BRI) – the most important Chinese foreign policy initiative under Xi Jinping. It argues that the BRI was put forward as a broad policy idea that was subsequently developed with relatively concrete content. During this process, the shifting international landscapes have gradually driven the BRI from a periphery strategy into a global initiative. By examining the case of Jiangsu Province, this article also shows how Chinese local governments have actively deployed their preferred narratives to influence and (re‐)interpret the BRI guidelines of the central government in order to advance their own interests. As a result, this produces a variety of competing, ambiguous and contradictory policy narratives of the BRI within China, which undermines the Chinese central government's monopoly on the BRI narratives. This leaves the BRI as a very vague and broad policy slogan that is subject to change and open to interpretation. In this regard, the existing analyses – that consider the BRI as Beijing's masterplan to achieve its geopolitical goals – pay insufficient attention to the BRI's domestic contestation and overstate the BRI's geopolitical implications.
Critical Review, Development, and Testing of a Taxonomy for Adverse Events and Near Misses in the Emergency Department
Authors: Griffey Richard T. , Schneider Ryan M. , Todorov Alexandre A. , Yaeger Lauren , Sharp Brian R. , Vrablik Marie C. , Aaronson Emily L. , Sammer Christine , Nelson Antoinette , Manley Holly , Dalton Patricia , Adler Lee 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesAn adverse event (AE) is a physical harm experienced by a patient due to health care, requiring intervention. Describing and categorizing AEs is important for quality and safety assessment and identifying areas for improvement. Safety science suggests that improvement efforts should focus on preventing and mitigating harm rather than on error, which is commonplace but infrequently leads to AEs. Most taxonomies fail to describe harm experienced by patients (e.g., hypoxia, hemorrhage, anaphylaxis), focusing instead on errors, and use categorizations that are too broad to be useful (e.g., “communication error”). We set out to create a patient‐centered, emergency department (ED)‐specific framework for describing AEs and near misses to advance quality and safety in the acute care setting.MethodsWe performed a critical review of existing taxonomies of harm, evaluating their applicability to the ED. We identified and adopted a classification framework and developed a taxonomy using an iterative process categorizing approximately 600 previously identified AEs and near misses. We reviewed this taxonomy with collaborators at four medical centers, receiving feedback and providing clarification. We then disseminated a set of representative scenarios for these safety experts to categorize independently using the taxonomy. We calculated interrater reliability and performance compared to our criterion standard.ResultsOur search identified candidate taxonomies for detailed review. We selected the Adventist Health Systems AE taxonomy and modified this for use in the ED, adopting a framework of categories, subcategories, and up to three modifiers to further describe events. On testing, overall reviewer agreement with the criterion standard was 92% at the category level and 88% at the subcategory level. Three of the four raters concurred in 55 of 59 scenarios (93%) and all four concurred in 46 of 59 scenarios (78%). At the subcategory level, there was complete agreement in 40 of 59 (68%) scenarios and majority agreement in 55 of 59 instances (93%). Performance of individual raters ranged from very good (88%, 52/59) to near perfect (98%, 58/59) at the main category level.ConclusionsWe developed a taxonomy of AEs and near misses for the ED, modified from an existing framework. Testing of the tool with minimal training yielded high performance and good inter‐rater reliability. This taxonomy can be adapted and modified by EDs seeking to enhance their quality and safety reviews and characterize harm occurring in their EDs for quality improvement purposes.
Targeted Rhesus immunoglobulin for RhD‐negative women undergoing an induced abortion: A clinical pilot study
Authors: Jensen Mia P. S. , Damkjær Merete B. , Clausen Frederik B. , Ali Haivin A. , Hare Kristine J. , Dziegiel Morten H. , Jørgensen Finn S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this clinical pilot study was to examine the accuracy of noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping in early pregnancy (8+0 to 11+6 weeks) and to clarify whether targeted administration of Rhesus immunoglobulin (RhIg) is possible for women undergoing an induced abortion such that unnecessary injections can be avoided. The study examines the correlation between gestational age and the amount of cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal plasma, the fetal fraction of DNA and whether transportation time or body mass index affects these parameters.Material and methodsFifty‐two RhD‐negative women undergoing a surgically induced abortion were included. A maternal blood sample was collected prior to the abortion and a tissue sample was collected from the placental part of the abortion material after the intervention. Fetal RhD type was determined by PCR analysis of cell‐free fetal DNA extracted from maternal plasma and on DNA from the tissue sample, with the latter providing a reference standard. Copies of RHD/mL were determined on RHD‐positive samples and the fetal fraction of DNA was calculated.ResultsWe demonstrated complete concordance between results from plasma and tissue, with 31 RhD‐positive and 21 RhD‐negative samples, corresponding to 40% being RhD‐negative, specificity 100% [95% confidence interval (CI) 88.8‐100] and sensitivity 100% (95% CI 83.9‐100). We found no significant correlation between gestational age and the amount or the fraction of cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal plasma, nor did we find that transportation time or BMI significantly affected these factors in this setup.ConclusionsFetal RHD genotyping can be accurately performed from the 8th week of gestation and unnecessary injections of RhIg can be avoided for women undergoing an induced abortion. A larger study is needed to determine a more accurate sensitivity for the analysis early in pregnancy.