bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From associations to action: mental health and the patient politics of subsidiarity in Scotland
Authors: Gallagher Mark 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn times of economic hardship public mental healthcare suffers a double disservice. On the one hand, it faces a diminution of existing resource, and on the other, it is met with vastly increased demand. The damage done to already hard-pressed public services during economic crises is often most keenly felt by those at the receiving end of statutory health and welfare provisions. When public services are deemed by its principal recipients to be no longer fit for purpose, it is unsurprising that they, along with others, look to agencies other than the state to meet their needs. In the final year of the 1970s, a decade in which Great Britain became the ‘sick man of Europe’, while Margaret Thatcher moved into 10 Downing Street, a new mental health organisation came into being in Scotland. Glasgow Association for Mental Health (GAMH) and a group of patients’ social clubs called LINK clubs joined to form LINK/GAMH. In a climate of great social and economic upheaval during the 1980s, LINK/GAMH received substantial Urban Aid funding to support those suffering from mental illness. Motivated by principles of voluntary association, self-help and mutual aid, LINK/GAMH sought to ‘cater for needs, and encourage aspirations, which are not and perhaps should not be met, or promoted by Statutory Welfare Agencies’. This article examines how the relationship between socioeconomic factors and mental health was understood by LINK/GAMH and how this informed the development of a resource centre, a rehabilitation programme and political campaigning by psychiatric patients. By focusing upon the activities of LINK/GAMH in the 1970s and 1980s, drawing on archival evidence and oral testimony, it will be argued that the concepts of solidarity and subsidiarity were embedded in the practices of patient associations. This study will show that through the development of relationships of solidarity and subsidiarity, across local, national and international boundaries, patient associations such as LINK/GAMH and their allies redefined a normative conception of the ‘sick role’, reclaiming civic selfhood and political agency for psychiatric patients.
The past is prologue
Authors: Johnson David Cassels , Stephens Crissa , Lynch Stephanie Gugliemo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article examines reactions to the changing linguistic ecology in the U.S. state of Iowa, which is experiencing a demographic phenomenon often referred to as the New Latino Diaspora (NLD) (Hamann et al., 2002). We first examine the historical processes and social structures that link current language policy initiatives within Iowa to local and national nativism. We then analyze public policies and texts to reveal how language ideologies circulate across diverse texts and contexts, forming discourses that shape the experiences of Latin@s in Iowa.
Superiors’ directives in the Japanese workplace
Authors: Cook Haruko Minegishi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
One of the criticisms against Brown and Levinson’s universal theory of politeness (1987) is the assertion that discernment politeness is more important than volitional politeness in Japanese society (e.g., Ide 1989; Hill et al. 1986). Contrary to this claim, studies that have analyzed actual discourse in the Japanese workplace report abundant volitional politeness strategies. These opposing views raise a question as to where and to what extent Japanese speakers use volitional strategies or observe discernment in the workplace. To answer this question, this chapter investigates superiors’ directives in new employee orientation sessions in a Japanese company. It finds a tendency among superiors to observe discernment when issuing procedural directives and to use negative and positive politeness strategies when issuing non-procedural directives.
Ne as an “impoliteness” (“detachment”) marker?
Authors: Hudson Mutsuko Endo 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The sentence-final/interactional particle ne in Japanese is typically used when the speaker assumes the information in the sentence is shared with the hearer, expressing request for confirmation or agreement. Although such ne is obligatory, there are “optional” types of ne as well (e.g., Kamio 1994, 1998). This chapter examines one type, used when the speaker has full information and the hearer has none. It is pronounced short and crisp in low pitch, often followed by a glottal stop, and indicates “self-confirmation” (Takubo and Kinsui 1996a). The present data show that this type of ne carries a detached or even impolite tone. Although a one-to-one mapping between a linguistic form and politeness (or impoliteness) is untenable, we must not ignore connections completely.
New performance measurements.
Authors: Moutinho L. , Vargas-Sánchez A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to outline the importance of managing the implementation of strategy as well as the stage of strategic control; that is, the process of measuring and monitoring the performance of strategy, with its corresponding targets, results, undesirable deviations (if they occur), reasons for these gaps and corrective feedback with appropriate actions. To this end, the chapter initially examines four barriers that can explain why many companies fail to implement their business strategies: vision barrier, management barrier, resources barrier and people barrier. Afterwards, metrics for performance measurement are offered, based on tools such as the 'balanced scorecard'. Specific tourism metrics are incorporated, as well as illustrative cases.
International strategies in tourism.
Authors: Parra-López E. , Yanes-Estévez V. , Melchior-Navarro M. , Martínez-González J. A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

This chapter highlights the importance of an international strategic approach in tourism and evaluates the strategic internationalization strategies followed by tourism companies in practice, including the use of management contracts, franchising, and joint ventures. The chapter covers topics such as international tourism competitiveness, strategic analysis of the environment, sustainability, and environmental scanning. External and internal factors that influence the entry mode into a foreign country are identified, and various tools for conducting external and internal strategic analysis are described.
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in Haji Adam Malik Hospital, Medan
Authors: Dharmajaya R 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Installation of ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VP) represented a substantial progress in the neurosurgical management of hydrocephalus in children. However, infection is the most commonpostoperative complication of aventriculoperitoneal shunt. It is important because it is related to substantial morbidity and mortality, and exerts a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. We retrospectively analyzed all 20 cases of shunt infection from 2013 to 2016. The types of infections found were exposed shunts15 cases (75%), and 5 cases of ventriculitis (25%). Length of infection time which calculated from the beginning of surgery was 350.20 days or 11 months. The most common pathogen types are S. epidermidis followed by P. aeruginosa, E. coli, and A. baumanii. There were many risk factors for shunt infection, but the interesting fact was the level of pre-operative albumin. There was a significant difference between low albumin levels (<3.0) and normal albumin (≥3.0) levels against the risk of exposure shunt, p = 0.015. It means there is asignificant difference between low pre-operative albumin and normal level for the risk of theexposed shunt.
GENEASE: real time bioinformatics tool for multi-omics and disease ontology exploration, analysis and visualization
Authors: Ghandikota Sudhir , Hershey Gurjit K Khurana , Mersha Tesfaye B 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMotivationAdvances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have made it possible to generate multiple omics data at an unprecedented rate and scale. The accumulation of these omics data far outpaces the rate at which biologists can mine and generate new hypothesis to test experimentally. There is an urgent need to develop a myriad of powerful tools to efficiently and effectively search and filter these resources to address specific post-GWAS functional genomics questions. However, to date, these resources are scattered across several databases and often lack a unified portal for data annotation and analytics. In addition, existing tools to analyze and visualize these databases are highly fragmented, resulting researchers to access multiple applications and manual interventions for each gene or variant in an ad hoc fashion until all the questions are answered.ResultsIn this study, we present GENEASE, a web-based one-stop bioinformatics tool designed to not only query and explore multi-omics and phenotype databases (e.g. GTEx, ClinVar, dbGaP, GWAS Catalog, ENCODE, Roadmap Epigenomics, KEGG, Reactome, Gene and Phenotype Ontology) in a single web interface but also to perform seamless post genome-wide association downstream functional and overlap analysis for non-coding regulatory variants. GENEASE accesses over 50 different databases in public domain including model organism-specific databases to facilitate gene/variant and disease exploration, enrichment and overlap analysis in real time. It is a user-friendly tool with point-and-click interface containing links for support information including user manual and examples.Availability and implementationGENEASE can be accessed freely at http://research.cchmc.org/mershalab/GENEASE/login.html.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
POPdemog: visualizing population demographic history from simulation scripts
Authors: Zhou Ying , Tian Xiaowen , Browning Brian L , Browning Sharon R 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Summary
We present POPdemog, an R package which converts coalescent simulation program input parameters into a visual representation of the demographic model. This package is useful for preparing figures, for checking that demographic simulation parameters have been correctly specified, and for understanding demographic models that other researchers have used to simulate genetic data. The POPdemog package supports the ms, msa, msHot, MaCS, msprime, scrm and Cosi2 programs, and includes options for customizing the output figures.

Availability and implementation
The POPdemog package and its tutorial can be freely downloaded from https://github.com/YingZhou001/POPdemog.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SPV: a JavaScript Signaling Pathway Visualizer
Authors: Calderone Alberto , Cesareni Gianni 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Summary
The visualization of molecular interactions annotated in web resources is useful to offer to users such information in a clear intuitive layout. These interactions are frequently represented as binary interactions that are laid out in free space where, different entities, cellular compartments and interaction types are hardly distinguishable. Signaling Pathway Visualizer is a free open source JavaScript library, which offers a series of pre-defined elements, compartments and interaction types meant to facilitate the representation of signaling pathways consisting of causal interactions without neglecting simple protein–protein interaction networks.

Availability and implementation
Freely available under Apache version 2 license; Source code: https://github.com/Sinnefa/SPV_Signaling_Pathway_Visualizer_v1.0. Language: JavaScript; Web technology: Scalable Vector Graphics; Libraries: D3.js.
Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity Correlate With Total Cholesterol Independently of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Antiretroviral Therapy in Aging People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Marzel Alex , Kouyos Roger D , Reinschmidt Sara , Balzer Katharina , Garon Fabienne , Spitaleri Monica , Matthes Nicolas , Suter Paolo , Weber Rainer , Staehelin Cornelia , Lecompte Thanh Doco , Tarr Philip , Kovari Helen ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Aubert V , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Böni J , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Kahlert C , Kaiser L , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Ledergerber B , Martinetti G , de Tejada B Martinez , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nicca D , Pantaleo G , Paioni P , Rauch A , Rudin C , Scherrer A U , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Vernazza P , Wandeler G , Weber R , Yerly S 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Hypercholesterolemia is a well established risk factor for coronary heart disease and is highly prevalent among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can both directly modify total cholesterol and have drug-drug interactions with statins. This makes investigating modifiable behavioral predictors of total cholesterol a pertinent task.

Methods
To explore the association between diet and physical activity with cross-sectionally measured total cholesterol, we administered a validated Food-Frequency-Questionnaire to participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study ≥45 years old. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to explore the associations between dietary patterns and physical activity with total cholesterol, after adjustment for clinical and demographic covariates.

Results
In total, 395 patients were included. Forty percent (158 of 395) had elevated total cholesterol (&gt;5.2 mmol/L), and 41% (164 of 395) were not regularly physically active. In multivariable analysis, 2 factors were positively associated with total cholesterol; female sex (β = 0.562; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.229–0.896) and the combined consumption of meat, refined/milled grains, carbonated beverages, and coffee (β = 0.243; 95% CI, 0.047–0.439). On the other hand, regular physical activity (β = −0.381; 95% CI, −0.626 to −0.136), lipid-lowering drugs (β = −0.443; 95% CI −0.691 to −0.196), ART containing tenofovir (β = −0.336; 95% CI −0.554 to −0.118), and black ethnicity (β = −0.967; 95% CI −1.524 to −0.410) exhibited a negative association.

Conclusions
We found independent associations between certain dietary patterns and physical activity with total cholesterol. Increasing physical activity might achieve cardiovascular and other health benefits in HIV-positive individuals. The clinical relevance of the identified dietary patterns requires further investigation in prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials.
Cadaveric Nerve and Artery Proximity to Sacrospinous Ligament Fixation Sutures Placed by a Suture-Capturing Device
Authors: Katrikh Aaron Z. , Ettarh Rajuno , Kahn Margie A. 
Published: March 2018

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2017;130:1033–1038)
A common choice for apical suspension is use of sacrospinous ligament fixation procedures, in which the vaginal vault is anchored to the ligament. There is no consensus on the recommended number and placement of sutures during the fixation procedure; placement varies from the lateral third of the sacrospinous ligament close to the ischial spine and as far away medially as 4 cm.
Re-emergence of Congenital Syphilis in Ohio
Authors: Cooper Joshua M. , Porter Makeda , Bazan José A. , Nicholson Lisa M. , Sánchez Pablo J. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The recent occurrence of congenital syphilis in Columbus, OH, raised concern for an increase in syphilis among women and infants. The objectives were to examine the rates of syphilis among men, women and infants in Ohio from 2003 to 2016 and compare these rates to the rest of the United States.

Methods:
This retrospective study evaluated cases of syphilis among men, women and infants from 2003 to 2016 using data from the Ohio Department of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results:
In Ohio from 2003 to 2016, the number of all syphilis cases among women significantly increased from 153 (2.6/100,000) to 294 (5.2/100,000), respectively (b = 0.26; P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.137–0.382). From 2003 to 2016, congenital syphilis in Ohio also increased significantly from 3 (2/100,000) to 13 cases (9.3/100,000), respectively (b = 1.05; P ≤ 0.001; 95% CI: 0.687–1.408). The increase in congenital syphilis mirrored the increase in all cases of syphilis in women but not with the rates of primary and secondary syphilis. Among men, cases of primary and secondary syphilis increased significantly in Ohio and the rest of the United States, from 156 (2.8/100,000) and 5956 (4.2/100,000) in 2003 to 622 (10.5/100,000) and 24,724 (15.6/100,000) in 2016, respectively (Ohio: b = 0.55; P < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.426–0.679; United States: b = 0.77; P < 0.001; 95% CI: 0.629–0.916).

Conclusions:
The association of congenital syphilis with all syphilis cases in women highlights the importance of reporting all cases and not just primary and secondary syphilis. The increase in congenital syphilis reinforces the recommendation for repeat maternal screening during pregnancy.
Hospitalization Rate and Population-based Incidence of Hospitalization for Community-acquired Pneumonia Among Children in Suzhou, China
Authors: Shan Wei , Shi Ting , Zhang Xiyan , Xue Jian , Wang Yin , Yu Jia , Huang Yukai , Lin Sheng , Zhao Genming , Tian Jianmei , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Data on hospitalization burden of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children are very limited in China. This study aimed to estimate the hospitalization rate (HR) and population-based incidence of hospitalization of CAP for children <15 years of age in Suzhou, China.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study of children hospitalized in Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. Children who were residents of downtown Suzhou, 29 days to <15 years of age, with discharge diagnosis codes (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) including J09–J18 and J20–J22 were included. All-cause clinical community-acquired pneumonia (CCAP) and radiographically confirmed pneumonia (RCAP) were identified based on individual medical chart review. The HR and population-based cumulative incidence of hospitalization (HI) were calculated.

Results:
Among 184,734 children <15 years of age admitted to Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital during the study period, 31,302 children were identified as having CCAP and 24,218 (77.4%) children confirmed as having RCAP. CCAP hospitalization occurred year round and peaked during winter and early spring. The overall HRs for CCAP and RCAP were 189.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 187.1–190.9] and 146.2 (95% CI: 144–148) per 1000 hospitalizations, respectively, and the HIs per 100,000 children annually were CCAP, 3235.8 (95% CI: 3207.3–3264.2) and RCAP, 2503.5 (95% CI: 2478.3–2528.6). For children <5 years of age, the HR for CCAP was 248.4 (95% CI: 245.9–250.9) and RCAP was 194.0 (95% CI: 191.4–196.3) per 1000 hospitalizations; the HI for CCAP was 6956.2 (95% CI: 6892.8–7019.6) and 5431.9 (95% CI: 5375.4–5488.4) per 100,000 children for RCAP. The highest HR and HI were observed in children 29 days to <6 months of age: HR for CCAP was 407.4 (95% CI: 400.9–413.9) per 1000 hospitalizations and HI for CCAP was 11,203.7 (95% CI: 11,026.8–11,380.6) per 100,000 children annually.

Conclusions:
There is a considerable burden of CAP among children <15 years of age in Suzhou, particularly among children 29 days to <6 months of age and during winter and early spring. These data provide valuable information to monitor CAP trends over time in children of Suzhou, China.
The marketing of testosterone treatments for age-related low testosterone or ‘Low T’
Authors: Mintzes Barbara 
Published: March 2018

Purpose of review
To summarize the research evidence on promotion of testosterone for ‘Low T’, or age-related hypogonadism.

Recent findings
Marketing of testosterone for ‘Low T’ has relied on strategies that are inadequately regulated to prevent off-label promotion, such as unbranded ‘disease-awareness’ advertising campaigns targeting the general public, sponsored continuing medical education (CME) and ghostwriting. A recent US analysis of television advertising exposure levels versus insurance claims found that both unbranded ‘disease-awareness’ advertising and branded ads were associated with increased rates of testosterone testing, treatment initiation, and treatment without prior testing. Exposés of sponsored CME and ghostwriting indicate misrepresentation of the research evidence on the sequelae of untreated low testosterone and on treatment efficacy. In the United States, advertising to the general public ceased in 2014 after the Food and Drug Administration changed product labeling to clarify that testosterone is only indicated for pathological hypogonadism. Unbranded ‘disease-awareness’ advertising to the general public and ‘Low T’ messages for health professionals have continued elsewhere.

Summary
The review of the experience of promotion of testosterone for ‘Low T’ and research evidence on effects of advertising targeting the public highlights the need for improved regulation of unbranded ‘disease awareness’ advertising to ensure adequate protection of public.
The Imperative of Solving Nurses’ Usability Problems With Health Information Technology
Authors: Staggers Nancy , Elias Beth L. , Makar Ellen , Alexander Gregory L. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND
Health information technology (IT) usability issues are a key concern for nurse executives and nurses.

OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study are to understand usability pain points faced by nurses regarding the use of health IT, identify their impact and importance, discuss responsibilities, and develop possible solutions to improve the health IT-user experience for nurses.

METHODS
Twenty-seven experts were interviewed including nursing leaders, informaticists, executives, engineers, researchers, and human factors experts across acute care, long-term care, and vendor settings. Semistructured questions guided the interviews, and content analysis was used to identify themes.

RESULTS
Four themes emerged: 1) user experience pain points, 2) importance of the issues, 3) the responsibility gap, and 4) acting on usability issues.

CONCLUSION
Nurses continue to endure significant health IT-usability issues that negatively impact patients, nurses, and healthcare organizations. Solutions include enhancing the voice of nursing at the national and local levels, creating a digital strategy for nursing, providing incentives to improve usability in health IT, and accelerating the understanding of nurses' work intended to inform and translate nurses' work into health IT design.