bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACCESS: Ground-based Optical Transmission Spectroscopy of the Hot Jupiter WASP-4b
Authors: Bixel Alex , Rackham Benjamin V. , Apai Dániel , Espinoza Néstor , López-Morales Mercedes , Osip David , Jordán Andrés , McGruder Chima , Weaver Ian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present an optical transmission spectrum of the atmosphere of WASP-4b obtained through observations of four transits with Magellan/IMACS, as part of the Arizona-CfA-Católica-Carnegie Exoplanet Spectroscopy Survey (ACCESS). Using a Bayesian approach to atmospheric retrieval, we find no evidence for scattering or absorption features in our transit spectrum. Our models include a component to model the transit light source effect (spectral contamination from unocculted spots on the stellar photosphere), which we show can have a marked impact on the observed transmission spectrum for reasonable spot-covering fractions (<5%); this is the first such analysis for WASP-4b. We are also able to fit for the size and temperature contrast of spots observed during the second and third transits, finding evidence for both small, cool and large, warm spot-like features on the photosphere. Finally, we compare our results to those published by Huitson et al. using Gemini/GMOS and May et al. using IMACS, and we find that our data are in agreement.
ALMA Observations of the Protostellar Disk around the VeLLO IRAS 16253–2429
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Hao , Hirano Naomi , Belloche Arnaud , Lee Chin-Fei , Aso Yusuke , Lai Shih-Ping 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present ALMA long-baseline observations toward the Class 0 protostar IRAS 16253–2429 (hereafter IRAS 16253) with a resolution down to 0.″12 (∼15 au). The 1.3 mm dust continuum emission has a deconvolved Gaussian size of

(20 au × 8.8 au), likely tracing an inclined dusty disk. Interestingly, the position of the 1.38 mm emission is offset from that of the 0.87 mm emission along the disk minor axis. Such an offset may come from a torus-like disk with very different optical depths between these two wavelengths. Furthermore, through CO (2 − 1) and C18O (2 − 1) observations, we study rotation and infall motions in this disk–envelope system and infer the presence of a Keplerian disk with a radius of 8–32 au. This result suggests that the disk could have formed by directly evolving from a first core, because IRAS 16253 is too young to gradually grow a disk to such a size considering the low rotation rate of its envelope. In addition, we find a quadruple pattern in the CO emission at low velocity, which may originate from CO freeze out at the disk/envelope midplane. This suggests that the “cold disk” may appear in the early stage, implying a chemical evolution for the disk around this proto-brown dwarf (or very-low-mass protostar) different from that of low-mass stars.
The Origins of Young Stars in the Direction of the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream: Abundances, Kinematics, and Orbits*
Authors: Zhang Lan , Casetti-Dinescu Dana I. , Bidin Christian Moni , Méndez Réne A. , Girard Terrence M. , Vieira Katherine , Korchagin Vladimir I. , van Altena William F. , Zhao Gang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We explore the origins of the young B-type stars found by Casetti-Dinescu et al. at the outskirts of the Milky Way disk in the sky region of the Leading Arm of the Magellanic Stream. High-resolution spectroscopic observations made with the MIKE instrument on the Magellan Clay 6.5 m telescope for nine stars are added to the previous sample analyzed by Zhang et al. We compile a sample of 15 young stars with well-determined stellar types, ages, abundances, and kinematics. With proper motions from Gaia DR2 we also derive orbits in a realistic Milky Way potential.We find that our previous radial-velocity-selected Leading Arm candidates have substantial orbital angular momentum. The substantial amount of rotational component for these stars is in contrast with the near-polar Magellanic orbit, thus making it unlikely that these stars are members of the Leading Arm. There are four large-orbital-energy stars in our sample. The star with the highest orbital energy has an age shorter than the time to disk crossing, with a birthplace z = 2.5 kpc and R
GC ∼ 28 kpc. Therefore, the origin of this star is uncertain. The remaining three stars have disk runaway origins with birthplaces between 12 and 25 kpc from the Galactic center. Also, the most energetic stars are more metal-poor ([Mg/H] = −0.50 ± 0.07) and have larger He scatter (σ
[He/H] = 0.72) than the inner-disk ones ([Mg/H] = 0.12 ± 0.36, σ
[He/H] = 0.15). While the former group’s abundance is compatible with that of the Large Magellanic Cloud, it could also reflect the metallicity gradient of the Milky Way disk and the group;s runaway status via different runaway mechanisms.
The Quick and the Dead: Finding the Surviving Binary Companions of Galactic Supernovae with Gaia
Authors: Fraser Morgan , Boubert Douglas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We use Gaia Data Release 2 to search for possible surviving binary companions to three of the best-studied historical Milky Way core-collapse supernovae. Consistent with previous work, we find there to be no plausible binary companion to either the Crab or Cas A supernovae. For the first time, we present a systematic search for a former companion to the Vela supernova, and rule out essentially any surviving luminous (>L
⊙) companion. Based on parallax and proper motion, we identify a faint source (Star A; Gaia Source ID 5521955992667891584) that is kinematically consistent with being a former binary companion to the Vela SN progenitor. However, the inferred absolute magnitude of this source is extremely faint, raising the possibility that it may in fact be a background interloper. In addition, we derive a new distance (

kpc) to the Crab SN based on the Gaia parallax measurements, which is significantly further than the 2 kpc distance typically adopted. Finally, we demonstrate that Gaia can be used to measure the secular decline in the luminosity of the Crab pulsar, and provide a new test of pulsar models.
IRIS Observations of Magnetic Interactions in the Solar Atmosphere between Preexisting and Emerging Magnetic Fields. II. UV Emission Properties
Authors: Guglielmino Salvo L. , Young Peter R. , Zuccarello Francesca 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Multiwavelength ultraviolet (UV) observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph satellite in active region NOAA 12529 have recently pointed out the presence of long-lasting brightenings, akin to UV bursts, and simultaneous plasma ejections occurring in the upper chromosphere and transition region during secondary flux emergence. These signatures have been interpreted as evidence of small-scale, recurrent magnetic reconnection episodes between the emerging flux region (EFR) and the preexisting plage field. Here we characterize the UV emission of these strong, intermittent brightenings and study the surge activity above the chromospheric arch filament system (AFS) overlying the EFR. We analyze the surges and the cospatial brightenings observed at different wavelengths. We find an asymmetry in the emission between the blue and red wings of the Si iv
λ1402 Å and Mg ii
k
λ2796.3 lines, which clearly outlines the dynamics of the structures above the AFS that form during the small-scale eruptive phenomena. We also detect a correlation between the Doppler velocity and skewness of the Si iv
λλ1394 and 1402 line profiles in the UV burst pixels. Finally, we show that genuine emission in the Fe xii
λ1349.4 line is cospatial to the Si iv brightenings. This definitely reveals a pure coronal counterpart to the reconnection event.
ALMA Observations of the ρ Ophiuchus B2 Region. I. Molecular Outflows and Their Driving Sources
Authors: Kamazaki Takeshi , Nakamura Fumitaka , Kawabe Ryohei , Hara Chihomi , Takakuwa Shigehisa , Hirano Naomi , Francesco James Di , Friesen Rachel , Tamura Motohide 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present the results of ALMA mosaic observations of dust continuum and 12CO (J = 2−1), 13CO (J = 2−1), and C18O (J = 2−1) molecular lines toward the ρ Ophiuchus B2 region. The 1.3 mm dust continuum image made from the combined 12 and 7 m array data reveals not only the dense cores identified by past single-dish observations but also their detailed internal substructures. The 12CO (J = 2−1) images show very complex structures of protostellar outflows. They suggest that the gigantic outflow lobes in Oph B2 are presumably driven at least by two protostars, EL 32 and EL 33. We do not detect clear high-velocity components associated with the Class I protostar SST c2d J162730.9−242733 and the flat-spectrum object SST c2d J162721.8−242727. In addition, we find interesting striations with 15″ (≈2000 au) separations in both the 12CO and 13CO channel maps. The CO striations appear to be roughly parallel to the magnetic field direction, and we speculate that the directions of the striations may follow the magnetic field in the envelope of Oph B2.
The Unsettling of Perception: Levinas and the Anarchic Trauma
Authors: Severson Eric 
Published: January 2019

Levinas utilizes the term “trauma” to refer to the pre-original unsettling of the auto-identification of the ego, a project that takes center stage in his final masterwork, Otherwise than Being. This chapter begins with some deliberations concerning the use of the term “trauma” to refer to this unsettling, particularly in light of contemporary psychological and medical uses of that term. Building from Plato’s Allegory of the Cave and Heidegger’s work on unconcealment, it argues that whereas for Heidegger and Plato trauma occurs through unconcealment of sensation, for Levinas trauma occurs as an interruption of sensation’s appropriation into perception itself. The chapter focuses principally on the event itself, the encounter with the other, which at times he calls “inspiration” instead of trauma, and the way this event occurs in a time-before-time that initiates the very possibility of responsibility.
Design and evaluation of an interactive music system for exercise and physical activity with Alzheimer’s patients
Authors: Rosseland Rune B. 
Published: January 2019

Elderly people are encouraged to exercise regularly to maintain good health and avoid or slow down the progression of age-related health challenges such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Despite this, many seniors struggle to find the motivation to adhere to exercise programmes over time. In this qualitative, research-through-design study an interactive music system was tested with AD patients. The purpose was to explore how dynamically adapting musical beat and rhythm can be used to stimulate and motivate physical activity. The system changes the tempo of a piece of music to match the pace of repetitive bodily movements. Findings show that most participants were able to entrain and synchronise to each other’s movements through use of the system. Several participants also commented that they enjoyed the experience. Finally, the addition of an interface with nature photos and visual performance and progress indicators suggested possible ways for the system to be redesigned to suit the needs and desires of the participants.
GPs’ motivation for teaching medical students in a rural area—development of the Motivation for Medical Education Questionnaire (MoME-Q)
Authors: Adarkwah Charles Christian , Schwaffertz Annette , Labenz Joachim , Becker Annette , Hirsch Oliver 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundThe establishment of a medical education program in the rural area of Siegen is planned to be the first step against a shortage of physicians in this region. General practitioners (GPs) will be extensively involved in this program as Family Medicine (Allgemeinmedizin) will become a core subject in the curriculum nationwide. Based on this situation we aim to figure out GPs motivation to participate in medical education. For this purpose, we had to construct and test a new questionnaire.MethodsA survey was conducted among general practitioners (GPs) in the region of Siegen-Wittgenstein regarding their motivation to participate in medical education. For this purpose, the Motivation for Medical Education Questionnaire (MoME-Q), a 24-item questionnaire, was developed. Structural characteristics of GPs, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Work Satisfaction Questionnaire (WSQ) were used for validation purposes.ResultsA representative number of GPs took part in the study (53.8%). Although the majority had no connection to a university (86%), 83% can imagine participating in the education of medical students. The items of the MoME-Q load on two factors (commitment and personal benefit). The confirmatory factor analysis shows a good model fit. Subscales of the MoME-Q were able to differentiate between physicians with and without authorization to train GP residents, between practices with and without a specialized practice nurse, and between physicians with and without previous experience in medical education. The MoME-Q subscale “commitment” correlated significantly with all three subscales of the MBI. Correlations were in the medium range around |.30|.ConclusionThe MoME-Q seems to be an appropriate tool to assess motivation to participate in medical education of GPs. In our sample, a large number of GPs was motivated to participate in the education of medical students. Future studies with larger number of GPs should be carried out to validate and confirm our findings. Whether the MoME-Q is also appropriate for other specialties should also be shown in further empirical studies.
Sociomedical problems of overwork-related deaths and disorders in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Masaya 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVDs) and mental disorders, including suicide, are prevalent among overworked individuals in Japan. The 2014 legislation regarding the prevention of overwork-related deaths and disorders has accelerated the research in this field and ultimately the implementation of preventive actions.

Methods
To understand the current problematic situations, the Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders of the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan, conducted analyses of compensated claims for overwork-related CCVDs and mental disorders that were recognized from January 2010 to March 2015.

Results
The majority of CCVD cases were the men in their 50s. Transport and postal activities was the highest risk industry. Cerebrovascular cases were higher than cardiovascular ones. Long working hours was the principal factor for CCVDs. The mental disorder cases comprised approximately 70% men and affected younger age groups (peak in the third decade) with various industries at risk. In men, there was an almost equal number of F3 (Mood [affective] disorders) and F4 (Neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders) diagnoses according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. A larger number of women were diagnosed to have F4. The mental disorder cases were associated not only with long working hours, but also with injuries and disasters as well as interpersonal conflict at work.

Conclusions
Multiple, simultaneous actions need to be made by employees, employers, researchers, and the authorities to achieve the goal of reducing the number of workers suffering from the overwork-related CCVDs and mental disorders.
Blind working time in visual display terminal users
Authors: Fujita Hiroki , Sano Kenji , Baba Tomio , Tanaka Tadashi , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Blind working (BW) time (time during which vision is not required), the interblink interval (IBI), and subjective symptoms were investigated in workers using visual display terminals (VDTs).

Subjects and Methods
To investigate BW time, 10 VDT users were instructed to close their eyes when this did not interfere with their work. They were video recorded for 60 minutes using a webcam attached to the display on which they were engaged in regular data input tasks, and BW time was measured. The values of the IBI during the final 20 minutes of the BW experiment and during the final 20 minutes of normal working without BW were compared. A questionnaire was administered to investigate subjective symptoms using a visual analogue scale.

Results
The total BW time during the final 20-minute period was 20.6-121.0 seconds (1.7%-10.1%). The mean IBI of 5.5 ± 4.5 seconds during the BW experiment was not significantly different from that of 6.2 ± 5.6 seconds during normal working, and the mean of three IBIs immediately after BW during the BW experiment was 2.7 ± 1.0 seconds, significantly shorter than the 6.2 ± 5.6 seconds during normal working. Dry eye, ocular fatigue, and blurred vision during normal working improved when subjects were engaged in BW.

Conclusions
VDT users could engage in BW during VDT work, the IBI was shorter immediately after BW, and subjective symptoms improved. These results suggest that BW may provide a more effective measure for the management of VDT working time.
A multicenter real‐world review of 10 kHz SCS outcomes for treatment of chronic trunk and/or limb pain
Authors: Stauss Thomas , El Majdoub Faycal , Sayed Dawood , Surges Gernot , Rosenberg William S. , Kapural Leonardo , Bundschu Richard , Lalkhen Abdul , Patel Nileshkumar , Gliner Bradford , Subbaroyan Jeyakumar , Rotte Anand , Edgar Deborah R. , Bettag Martin , Maarouf Mohammad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesHigh‐frequency spinal cord stimulation (HF‐SCS) at 10 kHz has proven to be efficacious in the treatment of chronic back and leg pain in a randomized, controlled, trial (SENZA‐RCT). However, large observational studies have yet to be published. Therefore, we performed a real‐world, multicenter, retrospective, review of therapy efficacy in 1660 patients with chronic trunk and/or limb pain.MethodsData were collected in a real‐world environment and retrospectively sourced from a global database. Included patients were trialed and/or permanently implanted with HF‐SCS at 10 kHz between April 2014 and January 2018. We evaluated responder rates at 3, 6, and 12 months post‐implantation. Response was defined as ≥50% pain relief from baseline. A last visit analysis included responder rate along with overall change in function, sleep, quality of life, and medication intake versus baseline.ResultsEighty‐four percent of our HF‐SCS‐treated patients had both chronic back and leg pain. At least 70% of patients reported response to therapy throughout 12 months of follow‐up. This sustained responder rate was corroborated by the last visit value (74.1%). Most patients reported concomitant improvements in function (72.3%), sleep (68.0%), and quality of life (90.3%) at their last visit versus baseline. Thirty‐two percent of patients reported decreased medication intake at their last visit.InterpretationSustained and effective pain relief was experienced by >70% of our HF‐SCS‐treated patients, consistent with the findings of a previously published randomized, controlled, trial. Our review provides complementary evidence to support the treatment of chronic back and leg pain with this therapy.
Self‐Assembly of Therapeutic Peptide into Stimuli‐Responsive Clustered Nanohybrids for Cancer‐Targeted Therapy
Authors: He Wangxiao , Wang Simeng , Yan Jin , Qu Yiping , Jin Liang , Sui Fang , Li Yujun , You Weiming , Yang Guang , Yang Qi , Ji Meiju , Shao Yongping , Ma Peter X. , Lu Wuyuan , Hou Peng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractClinical translation of therapeutic peptides, particularly those targeting intracellular protein–protein interactions (PPIs), has been hampered by their inefficacious cellular internalization in diseased tissue. Therapeutic peptides engineered into nanostructures with stable spatial architectures and smart disease targeting ability may provide a viable strategy to overcome the pharmaceutical obstacles of peptides. This study describes a strategy to assemble therapeutic peptides into a stable peptide–Au nanohybrid, followed by further self‐assembling into higher‐order nanoclusters with responsiveness to tumor microenvironment. As a proof of concept, an anticancer peptide termed β‐catenin/Bcl9 inhibitors is copolymerized with gold ion and assembled into a cluster of nanohybrids (pCluster). Through a battery of in vitro and in vivo tests, it is demonstrated that pClusters potently inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in several animal models through the impairment of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, while maintaining a highly favorable biosafety profile. In addition, it is also found that pClusters synergize with the PD1/PD‐L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. This new strategy of peptide delivery will likely have a broad impact on the development of peptide‐derived therapeutic nanomedicine and reinvigorate efforts to discover peptide drugs that target intracellular PPIs in a great variety of human diseases, including cancer.
Long‐Term Prevention of Bacterial Infection and Enhanced Osteoinductivity of a Hybrid Coating with Selective Silver Toxicity
Authors: Xie Kai , Zhou Ziao , Guo Yu , Wang Lei , Li Guoyuan , Zhao Shuang , Liu Xiangmei , Li Jun , Jiang Wenbo , Wu Shuilin , Hao Yongqiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAntibacterial and osteogenic design is required for ideal orthopedic implants. The excellent antimicrobial performance of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has attracted interest for the treatment of implant‐related infections. However, the dose‐dependent cytotoxicity of silver and its negative impact on bone implants restrict the further use of AgNPs coatings. Therefore, a hybrid coating containing polydopamine (PDA), hydroxyapatite (HA), AgNPs, and chitosan (CS) is prepared. Organic chelators CS and PDA that have promising biocompatibility are used to prevent the rapid release of silver ions from the AgNPs coating. The double chelating effect of PDA and CS significantly reduces silver ion release from the hybrid coating. The coating exhibits excellent anti‐biofilm efficiency of 91.7%, 89.5%, and 92.0% for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli, respectively. In addition, the coating can significantly stimulate osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells and promote bone‐implant osseointegration in vivo as compared to that in the control group. The longitudinal biosafety of the coating is confirmed in vivo by histological evaluation and blood tests. The results of this study indicate that the hybrid coating exhibits antibacterial properties as well as allow bone‐implant osseointegration, thereby providing insight into the design of multifunctional implants for long‐term orthopedic applications.
Anode Interface Engineering and Architecture Design for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Ye Yusheng , Wu Feng , Li Yuejiao , Li Li , Chen Renjie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising options to realize rechargeable batteries with high energy capacity. Previously, research has mainly focused on solving the polysulfides' shuttle, cathode volume changes, and sulfur conductivity problems. However, the instability of anodes in Li–S batteries has become a bottleneck to achieving high performance. Herein, the main efforts to develop highly stable anodes for Li–S batteries, mainly including lithium metal anodes, carbon‐based anodes, and alloy‐based anodes, are considered. Based on these anodes, their interfacial engineering and structure design are identified as the two most important directions to achieve ideal anodes. Because of high reactivity and large volume change during cycling, Li anodes suffer from severe side reactions and structure collapse. The solid electrolyte interphase formed in situ by modified electrolytes and ex situ artificial coating layers can enhance the interfacial stability of anodes. Replacing common Li foil with rationally designed anodes not only suppresses the formation of dendritic Li but also delays the failure of Li anodes. Manipulating the anode interface engineering and rationally designing anode architecture represents an attractive path to develop high‐performance Li–S batteries.