bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric Processes and Climatological Characteristics of the 79N Glacier (Northeast Greenland)
Authors: Turton Jenny V. , Mölg Thomas , Van As Dirk 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden glacier (the 79 fjord, henceforth referred to as 79N) has been thinning and accelerating since the early 2000s, as a result of calving episodes at the front of the glacier. As 8% of the Greenland Ice Sheet area drains into 79N, changes in the stability of 79N could propagate into the interior of Greenland. Despite this concern, relatively little is known about the atmospheric conditions over 79N. We present the surface atmospheric processes and climatology of the 79N region from analyses of data from four automatic weather stations (AWS) and reanalysis data from ERA-Interim. Over the floating section of the glacier, the annual average air temperature is −16.7°C, decreasing to −28.5°C during winter. Winds over the glacier are predominantly westerly and are of katabatic origin. Over the last 39 years the near-surface air temperature has increased at a rate of +0.08°C yr−1. In addition, we find that large, rapid (48 h) temperature increases (>10°C) occur during the five-month dark period (November–March). Eight (±4) warm-air events occur annually from 1979 to 2017. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to simulate a particular warm-air event with above-freezing air temperatures between 30 November and 2 December 2014. The warm event was caused by warm-air advection from the southeast and a subsequent increase in the longwave radiation toward the surface due to low-level cloud formation. The frequent nature of the temperature jumps and the magnitude of the temperature increases are likely to have an impact on the surface mass balance of the glacier by bringing the skin temperatures to the melting point.
Symptomatic endometriosis developing several years after menopause in the absence of increased circulating estrogen concentrations: a systematic review and seven case reports
Authors: de Almeida Asencio Fernanda , Ribeiro Helizabet Abdalla , Ayrosa Ribeiro Paulo , Malzoni Mario , Adamyan Leila , Ussia Anastasia , Gomel Victor , Martin Dan C. , Koninckx Philippe R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo review women with symptomatic and clinically progressive endometriosis after menopause in the absence of estrogen intake or excessive systemic endogenous production.DesignSeven case reports and a systematic review of the literature from 1995 till February 2018.ResultsOnly 7 case reports from the authors and 29 cases from the literature described women with either cystic ovarian or deep endometriosis. Severity, symptoms, and localization are highly variable. No case report describes symptomatic superficial typical lesions. In 22 of 36 women (61%), symptoms started more than 10 years after menopause.ConclusionsSymptomatic and clinically progressive endometriosis after menopause in the absence of increased systemic estrogen concentrations or exogenous estrogen intake starts more than 10 years after menopause in the majority of women. This observation suggests that a genetic and/or epigenetic incident caused estrogen-independent progression, increased sensitivity to estrogens or increased local production of estrogens. This observation is important for understanding the pathophysiology of endometriosis, for the management of postmenopausal endometriosis, and for individualization of medical therapy of endometriosis since estrogen-independent endometriosis growth probably also occurs before menopause.
Inflammatory markers response to citrulline supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Darabi Zahra , Darand Mina , Yari Zahra , Hedayati Mehdi , Faghihi Amirhosein , Agah Shahram , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of citrulline (Cit) supplementation on inflammatory markers and liver histopathology in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this clinical trial, fifty NAFLD patients were assigned to receive 2 g/day Cit or placebo for 3 months.

Results
At the end of study, serum high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were reduced in Cit group significantly more than placebo group (P-value = 0.02 and < 0.01 respectively). Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was reduced in Cit group significantly more than placebo after adjusting for levels of baseline (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, Cit supplementation decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic steatosis significantly (P = 0.04). Anthropometric measurements and hepatic enzymes did not change significantly in any group (P ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that 12 weeks supplementation with 2 g/day Cit improved inflammatory markers in patients with NAFLD. Further studies with longer period of supplementation and different dosages of Cit are needed to be able to conclude.
Trial registration IRCT201703194010N18 on 2017-10-13
Production Levels of Bauxite and Aluminum: Global Historical Survey (1850–2015)
Authors: Christopher Sorrell Charles , Koshy Pramod 
Published: February 2019

The present work provides a concise examination of the historical global production levels of bauxite, primary aluminum, and secondary aluminum from 1850 to 2015. It also provides a contextual background to these data by summarizing the main etymological, technical, and commercial developments throughout most of this period. It further includes comprehensive data for the pricing of primary aluminum in both historical and 2015 dollars on the basis of economy cost. The syntheses of the data include the following:
Global production levels of bauxite based on three data setsGlobal production levels of primary aluminum based on three data setsGlobal production levels of secondary aluminum based on three data setsComparative global production levels of secondary aluminum based on five data setsPrices of primary aluminum in historical US dollars and in US dollars indexed to 2015 values based on four data setsConversion rates for historical US dollars against 2015 valuesIn addition to the preceding global data, extensive pre-1900 data for French, Swiss, and US production levels and French and US prices of primary aluminum are compiled.
Weldability: Effect of Alloying Element Sc, Mn, and Zr on Alloys of the Al-Mg-Sc-Mn-Zr System
Authors: Lukin V. I. 
Published: February 2019

Scandium in aluminum alloys behaves as the most efficient modifier of the structure of the material and as an agent suppressing recrystallization. This unique behavior of scandium in alloys of the Al-Mg system greatly increases the strength characteristics, whilst retaining on a higher level the ductility and processing properties of deformed semi-finished products. This article describes the effect of complex alloying the Al-6.3% Mg alloy with scandium, manganese and zirconium on the weldability and strength properties of the material is of considerable scientific and practical importance.Investigations.
Scanning electron microscopic examination of absorption potency of various fibrous dressings
Authors: Sopata Mateusz , Piasecki Adam , Sopata Maciej 
Published: February 2019

Objective:There is a lack of literature on the characteristics and properties of fibre dressings available on the market. This study analysed the structure and absorption properties of different fibrous dressings used in wound treatment.Method:This in vitro experiment was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and absorption test. Dressings were compared before and after the gelling process which was then compared with the results of the absorption test.Results:A total of five samples were analysed. The SEM analysis demonstrated that there are differences in the gelling processes for each. In some cases, a formation of dead spaces was noticed. Despite a similar structure and mode of action, the dressings have different properties. Results were correlated with absorption measurements. There was a considerable difference in absorption capacity of individual dressings, which may further affect the capacity of the dressing to manage exudate.Conclusion:Absorption of excess exudate and maintaining moisture balance in the wound environment are among the most important conditions of successful healing. Various fibrous dressings have different properties and clinicians should use this information to select the most appropriate dressing for the type of wound.
Management of cardiogenic shock complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: part 1
Authors: O'Donovan Kate 
Published: February 2019

Cardiogenic shock associated with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a potentially devastating complication. This type of shock consists of left ventricular dysfunction causing haemodynamic instability and end-organ hypoperfusion resulting in multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Despite advances in the management of STEMI, especially in the realm of reperfusion strategies, mortality rates remain high. The pathophysiology is complex and multifactorial, resulting in a clinical presentation of hypotension and signs of hypoperfusion. Patient assessment comprises a targeted history and a thorough physical examination to detect signs of decompensation and end-organ hypoperfusion. Upon arrival in hospital, an echocardiograph is essential in the process of identifying a cause. Learning Outcomes After completing this module the paramedic will be able to: Define cardiogenic shock Understand the pathophysiology of a person in cardiogenic shock Recognise the clinical presentation and features of cardiogenic shock Understand patient assessment of a person who appears to be in cardiogenic shock
Systematic review of preoperative carotid duplex ultrasound compared with computed tomography carotid angiography for carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Forjoe T , Asad Rahi M 
Published: February 2019

Introduction We reviewed the literature for preoperative computed tomography carotid angiography and/or carotid duplex to determine their respective sensitivity and specificity in assessing the degree of carotid stenosis. We aimed to identify whether one imaging modality can accurately identify critical stenosis in patients presenting with transient ischaemic attack or symptoms of a cerebrovascular accident requiring carotid endarterectomy. Methods Systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, all Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ACP Journal club, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Clinical Answers, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Methodology Register, Health Technology Assessment and NHS Economic Evaluation Database) for primary studies relating to computed tomography carotid angiography (CTA) and/or carotid duplex ultrasound (CDU). Studies included were published between 1990 and 2018 and focused on practice in the UK, Europe and North America. Results The sensitivity and specificity of CTA and CDU are comparable. CDU is safe and readily available in the clinical environment hence its use in the initial preoperative assessment of carotid stenosis. CDU is an adequate imaging modality for determining stenosis greater than 70%; sensitivity and specificity are improved when the criteria for determining greater than 70% stenosis are adjusted. Vascular laboratories opting to use duplex as their sole imaging modality should assess the sensitivity and specificity of their own duplex procedure before altering practice to preoperative single imaging for patients. Conclusions The sensitivity and specificity of CTA (90.6% and 93%, respectively) and CDU (92.3% and 89%, respectively) are comparable. Both are dependent on criteria used in vascular laboratories. CDU sensitivity and specificity was improved to 98.7% and 94.1%, respectively, where peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity were assessed. Either modality can be used to determine greater than 70% stenosis, although a secondary imaging modality may be required for cases of greater than 50% stenosis.
Clinical Evaluation of Exercise Capacity in Adults with Systemic Right Ventricle
Authors: Rog Beata , Salapa Kinga , Okolska Magdalena , Dluzniewska Natalia , Werynski Piotr , Podolec Piotr , Tomkiewicz-Pajak Lidia 
Published: February 2019

The right ventricle provides systemic circulation in individuals with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) and in those with complete transposition who have had an atrial switch repair (DTGA). The aim of this study was to evaluate how the systemic right ventricle adapts to increased workload and oxygen demand during exercise.
From November 2005 through December 2015, 3,358 adult patients with congenital heart disease were treated at our institution; we identified 48 (26 females, 22 males; median age, 25.4 ± 8.1 yr) who met the study criteria; 37 had DTGA and atrial switch repair, and 11 had CCTGA. We studied their echocardiographic and cardiopulmonary exercise test results. A control group consisted of 29 healthy sex- and age-matched volunteers.
On exercise testing, oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold, peak oxygen uptake, peak heart rate, and percentage of maximal heart rate were significantly lower in the group with systemic right ventricle than in the control group (all P <0.001); in contrast, the peak ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide was higher in the study group (P=0.013). Impaired systemic right ventricular function reduced peak oxygen uptake. The peak heart rate was lower in the CCTGA group than in the DTGA group.
Our results indicate that reduced exercise capacity is related to impaired systemic right ventricular function, severe tricuspid valve regurgitation, and chronotropic incompetence. There was no correlation between cardiopulmonary exercise test results and time after surgery. Chronotropic efficiency is lower in individuals with CCTGA than in those with DTGA.
Prognostic role of GDF-15 across the spectrum of clinical risk in patients with NSTE-ACS
Authors: Zelniker Thomas A. , Jarolim Petr , Silverman Michael G. , Bohula Erin A. , Park Jeong-Gun , Bonaca Marc P. , Scirica Benjamin M. , Morrow David A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 has been shown to predict cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) using non-commercial assays. We evaluated the prognostic performance of GDF-15 measured with the first clinically available assay. Furthermore, we evaluated whether GDF-15 was associated with CV death or heart failure (HF) across the spectrum of risk in non-ST-segment elevation (NSTE)-ACS.

Methods
We measured baseline GDF-15 (Roche, Elecsys) in 4330 patients with NSTE-ACS enrolled in MERLIN-TIMI 36. Patients were categorized using a priori thresholds of GDF-15 levels (<1200, 1200–1800, ≥1800 ng/L) and stratified according to estimated clinical risk per TIMI risk score (0–2, 3–4, and ≥5). Cox modeling included age, sex, BMI, smoking, HF, diabetes, renal function, NT-proBNP, hsTnT, and hsCRP.

Results
There were 2286 (53%), 1104 (25%), and 940 (22%) pts with GDF-15 <1200, 1200–1800, and ≥1800 respectively. GDF-15 was significantly associated after multivariable adjustment with CV death/HF modeled either as a categorical (1200–1800 ng/L: Adj hazard ratios [HR] 1.55 [1.09–2.19]; ≥1800 ng/L: Adj HR 1.94 [1.34–2.79]) or continuous variable (Adj HR 1.36 [1.16–1.60] per 1-unit increase in log2-transformed GDF-15). Notably, there was an interaction (Pinteraction=0.003) between TIMI risk score and GDF-15, with GDF-15 identifying the greatest incremental relative risk in those at lowest risk based on the TIMI risk score alone.

Conclusions
Using a clinically available assay, GDF-15 can be applied using established cut-off points to independently predict risk of CV death/HF in patients with NSTE-ACS. This incremental risk appears to be particularly robust among individuals traditionally identified as low risk.
On the Stable Difference Schemes for the Schrödinger Equation with Time Delay
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Agirseven Deniz 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the present paper, the first and second order of accuracy difference schemes for the approximate solutions of the initial value problem for Schrödinger equation with time delay in a Hilbert space are presented. The theorem on stability estimates for the solutions of these difference schemes is established. The application of theorems on stability of difference schemes for the approximate solutions of the initial boundary value problems for Schrödinger partial differential equation is provided. Additionally, some illustrative numerical results are presented.
A compiler architecture for domain-specific type error diagnosis
Authors: Serrano Alejandro , Hage Jurriaan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDomain-specific languages (DSLs) permeate current programming practices. An important kind of DSLs includes those developed and integrated within a host language, which we call embedded or internal DSLs. Unfortunately, embedded DSLs usually fall short on domain-specific error diagnosis, that is, they do not give control to DSL authors over how errors are reported to the programmer. As a consequence, implementation details of the DSL leak through in error messages, and programmers need to understand the internals of the DSL implementation to fix their code in a productive way. This paper addresses the challenge of building a compiler with integrated support for domain-specific error diagnosis. We assume that the type system is described using a constraint-based approach, and constraint solving is specified using rewrite rules. Domain information can then be injected at constraint gathering time via type rules, during constraint solving via specialized rules and axioms, and finally at blaming and reparation time via transformations. Furthermore, we define error contexts as a way to control the order in which solving and blaming proceeds. We engineer domain-specific error diagnosis in such a way that the compiler can also reuse the techniques for improving general error diagnosis.
Length problems for Bazilevič functions
Authors: Nunokawa Mamoru , Sokół Janusz , Tang Huo 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Let C(r) denote the curve which is image of the circle |z| = r < 1 under the mapping f . Let L(r) be the length of C(r) and A(r) the area enclosed by the curve C(r). Furthermore M(r) = max|z|=r |f (z)|.We present some relations between these notions for Bazilevič functions.
Development of an Over-Temperature Supervising System of Switch Cabinet Based on Gas Sensing Technology
Authors: Le Jian , Zhou Qian , Wang Cao , Yang Zhi-chun , Zhang Hao 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Existing over-temperature supervising (OTS) systems available for switch cabinet, even those based on advanced optical fiber sensing technology, are unable to satisfy the critical requirements such as reliability, safety, practicability and economy simultaneously. In this paper, a novel OTS scheme that take a special kind of gas to carry the signal indicating the over-temperature state of a switch cabinet is developed elaborately. Serving for the CO2 gas which has comprehensive and overwhelming superiorities in situation of OTS, a gas storage unit that is composed of a hard plastic crust and an inner tubular airbag, a gas releasing mechanism that consists of bimetallic and acupuncture, and a gas sensing terminal are designed artfully. The overall OTS system is finally developed by integrating these three parts with a background server via wireless communication technology. The advantages of the proposed system, such as high reliability and safety, fast response speed and universal applicability have been proven by lab tests and field experiments. Moreover, the inherent low cost and easy installation and maintenance features of our scheme facilitate the development of OTS systems for other electrical devices in power system.
Comparing a distributed parameter model-based system identification technique with more conventional methods for inverse problems
Authors: Li Jian , Luczak Susan E. , Rosen I. G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThree methods for the estimation of blood or breath alcohol concentration (BAC/BrAC) from biosensor measured transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC) are evaluated and compared. Specifically, we consider a system identification/quasi-blind deconvolution scheme based on a distributed parameter model with unbounded input and output for ethanol transport in the skin and compare it to two more conventional system identification and filtering/deconvolution techniques for ill-posed inverse problems, one based on frequency domain methods and the other on a time series approach using an ARMA input/output model. Our basis for comparison are five statistical measures of interest to alcohol researchers and clinicians: peak BAC/BrAC, time of peak BAC/BrAC, the ascending and descending slopes of the BAC/BrAC curve, and the area underneath the BAC/BrAC curve.
Review of the development of the Peregrine Falcon(Falco peregrinus)population in Hungary between 1997 and 2018
Authors: Prommer Mátyás , Bagyura János 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPeregrine Falcon(Falco peregrinus)populations recovered globally after a dramatic decline experienced between the 1950s and 1980s. The conservation challenge forced the raptor biologist community to co-operate internationally. As a part of the co-operation, four conferences were organised to identify the problem, coordinate conservation efforts including research and to monitor the recovery process of the species’ populations worldwide. The line of conferences started in Madison (WI, USA) in 1965 and was followed by two conferences in Sacramento (CA, USA) and Piotrowo/Poznań (Poland) in 1985 and in 2007, respectively. The latest conference was organised in 2017, in Budapest, where Peregrine experts discussed the latest research and monitoring results. The event provides a good occasion to review the development of the Peregrine population in Hungary. The species became extinct in Hungary as a breeding species in the mid-1960s due to the intensive use of pesticides (DDT) and it returned only in 1997, when the first successful breeding was recorded. In 2018, 72 active eyries were recorded. The Hungarian population is the edge of the Carpathian Peregrine population and the birds represent mostly the nominate subspecies(F. p. peregrinus), but individuals showing typical phenotype of the Mediterranean subspecies(F. p. brookei)were also observed. The northern race ofF. p. calidusalso occurs on migration and in winter. The Hungarian population is sedentary. Natal dispersal of females is biased to males, but in case of both sexes most ring recoveries of adult birds occurred within the Pannonian basin. The increasing Peregrine population expanding to the lowland may cause conservation conflict on medium term by competing with the endangered Saker Falcon(Falco cherrug)for the nest sites. The conservation status of the Peregrine Falcon in Hungary is good in general, but threats may emerge on local scale in some regions. No specific conservation measures are taken, research and monitoring focus on population changes and threats posed on and caused by Peregrines.