bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tributaries as biodiversity preserves: An ichthyoplankton perspective from the severely impounded Upper Paraná River
Authors: da Silva Patricia Sarai , Miranda Leandro Esteban , Makrakis Sergio , de Assumpção Lucileine , Dias João Henrique Pinheiro , Makrakis Maristela Cavicchioli 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Conservation of fish assemblages in severely impounded rivers has often focused on providing longitudinal and lateral connectivity along the main stem. Less attention has been given to tributaries, some of which remain unimpounded.
This study shows that the biodiversity of ichthyoplankton in tributaries to the largest reservoir in the Paraná River, Brazil, is similar to that of tributaries of the few remaining unimpounded stretches of the Paraná River.
Annual and seasonal variability in discharge within and among tributaries attracts and supports a diverse mix of species in each spawning season.
Tributaries enrich the fish biodiversity of the entire system by providing a variety of environmental conditions, access to spawning habitat, refugia for early life stages, and by promoting ecological heterogeneity. Thus, tributaries can mitigate the adverse influence of an impounded main stem.
Tributaries also support populations of endangered and threatened species. A focus on tributaries offers conservation alternatives that are more feasible given the scale and large number of impoundments constructed on the main stem.
Conservation in the main stem may focus on maintaining passage through dams and access to large floodplains. Conversely, in tributaries conservation may focus on managing the quality of inflows from catchments, preserving suitable instream habitats and flows, and preserving access to smaller but more numerous floodplains.
Filling in Gaps in the Ceratopsid Histologic Database: Histology of Two Basal Centrosaurines and an Assessment of the Utility of Rib Histology in the Ceratopsidae
Authors: Hedrick Brandon P. , Goldsmith Erika , Rivera‐Sylva Hector , Fiorillo Anthony R. , Tumarkin‐Deratzian Allison R. , Dodson Peter 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBone histology grants substantial insight into the growth and biology of fossil vertebrates. Many of the major non‐avian dinosaurian clades have been extensively sampled for bone histologic data allowing reconstruction of their growth as well as the assessment of the evolution of growth changes along phylogenies. However, horned ceratopsians are poorly represented in paleohistologic studies. Further, the ceratopsian taxa that have been examined are unevenly sampled phylogenetically with very basal forms and highly derived forms making up the majority of studied taxa. In order to rectify this, we have histologically sampled Avaceratops from Montana and Yehuecauhceratops from northern Mexico to assess how mid‐sized basal centrosaurines grew relative to more basal and derived forms. Based on results from these taxa, basal centrosaurines present a mosaic of growth characters intermediate between those seen in basal ceratopsians and more derived centrosaurines. Further, Yehuecauhceratops has many lines of arrested growth preserved, suggesting that the large number of lines of arrested growth found in a high‐latitude Pachyrhinosaurus specimen may be a result of phylogeny rather than geography. Since lines of arrested growth are not preserved in long bones of many ceratopsians, especially chasmosaurines, we also histologically sampled ribs of Avaceratops and Pachyrhinosaurus. However, the largest ribs were highly remodeled obscuring lines of arrested growth, making it unlikely that rib histology will clarify growth trends in ceratopsians. These centrosaurines add to the growing ceratopsian histological database and demonstrate that basal centrosaurines grew in a manner intermediate between non‐ceratopsid taxa and derived centrosaurines. Anat Rec, 303:935–948, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regioselective Bromination and Functionalization of Dibenzo[hi,st]ovalene as Highly Luminescent Nanographene with Zigzag Edges
Authors: Chen Qiang , Wang Di , Baumgarten Martin , Schollmeyer Dieter , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDibenzo[hi,st]ovalene (DBOV) is a nanographene with a combination of zigzag and armchair edges, consisting of 38 sp2 carbons. Excellent optical properties with strong red emission have been demonstrated. Here we report the regioselective bromination of DBOV bearing two mesityl groups (DBOV‐Mes) by treatment with N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) under mild conditions. The dibrominated DBOV was further subjected to transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions, that is, Suzuki and Sonogashira coupling, demonstrating the edge‐decoration of DBOV with different functional groups. Notably, DBOVs arylated at the bay regions showed intense red emission and enhanced fluorescence quantum yields of up to 0.97. Amphoteric reduction and oxidation behavior were observed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Chemical oxidation to stable radical cation species was also demonstrated, followed by reduction back to their neutral species.
A comparison study of different control strategies for grid‐connected three phase two‐level power converters
Authors: Yin Yunfei , Liu Jianxing , Zeng Qingshuang , Wu Ligang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison study of different control schemes for grid‐connected three phase two‐level power converters. All control strategies adopt the double‐loop control structure which consists of voltage regulation loop and instantaneous power tracking loop. In the external loop, voltage regulation loop, PI, fuzzy PI, adaptive controllers and PI controller plus extended state observer (ESO) are utilized to regulate the output voltage. The merits, drawbacks and design procedures of four methods are compared, investigated and analyzed. The second order sliding mode (SOSM) controllers are applied into the internal loop, instantaneous power tracking loop, to drive the active power and reactive power tracking their set points. The performance differences of these control strategies are compared through the real simulation.
Population-based study of surgical treatment with and without tumour resection in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Westberg K , Palmer G , Hjern F , Holm T , Martling A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Population-based studies of treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) are lacking. The aim was to investigate the surgical treatment of patients with LRRC at a national population-based level.

Methods
All patients undergoing abdominal resection for primary rectal cancer between 1995 and 2002 in Sweden with LRRC as a first event were included. Detailed information about treatment, complications and outcomes was collected from the medical records. The patients were analysed in three groups: patients who had resection of the LRRC, those treated without tumour resection and patients who received best supportive care only.

Results
In all, 426 patients were included in the study. Of these, 149 (35·0 per cent) underwent tumour resection, 193 (45·3 per cent) had treatment without tumour resection and 84 (19·7 per cent) received best supportive care. Abdominoperineal resection was the most frequent surgical procedure, performed in 65 patients (43·6 per cent of those who had tumour resection). Thirteen patients had total pelvic exenteration. In total, 63·8 per cent of those whose tumour was resected had potentially curative surgery. After tumour resection, 62 patients (41·6 per cent) had a complication within 30 days. Patients who received surgical treatment without tumour resection had a lower complication rate but a significantly higher 30-day mortality rate than those who underwent tumour resection (10 versus 1·3 per cent respectively; P = 0·002). Of all patients included in the study, 22·3 per cent had potentially curative treatment and the 3-year survival rate for these patients was 56 per cent.

Conclusion
LRRC is a serious condition with overall poor outcome. Patients undergoing curative surgery have an acceptable survival rate but substantial morbidity. There is room for improvement in the management of patients with LRRC.
Outcomes following pancreatic surgery using three different thromboprophylaxis regimens
Authors: Hanna-Sawires R G , Groen J V , Klok F A , Tollenaar R A E M , Mesker W E , Swijnenburg R J , Vahrmeijer A L , Bonsing B A , Mieog J S D 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Postpancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are serious complications following pancreatic surgery. The aim was to assess the timing, occurrence and predictors of PPH and VTE.

Methods
Elective pancreatic resections undertaken in a single university hospital between November 2013 and September 2017 were assessed. Three intervals were reviewed, each with a different routine regimen of nadroparin: 2850 units once daily (single dose) administered in hospital only, or 5700 units once daily (double dose) or 2850 units twice daily (split dose) administered in hospital and continued for 6 weeks after surgery. Clinically relevant PPH (CR-PPH) was classified according to International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery criteria. VTE was defined according to a number of key diagnostic criteria within 6 weeks of surgery. Cox regression analyses were performed to test the hypotheses that the double-dose group would experience more PPH than the other two groups, the single-dose group would experience more VTE than the other two groups, and the split-dose group would experience the fewest adverse events (PPH or VTE).

Results
In total, 240 patients were included, 80 per group. The double-dose group experienced significantly more CR-PPH (hazard ratio (HR) 2·14, 95 per cent c.i. 1·16 to 3·94; P = 0·015). More relaparotomies due to CR-PPH were performed in the double-dose group (16 versus 3·8 per cent; P = 0·002). The single-dose group did not experience more VTE (HR 1·41, 0·43 to 4·62; P = 0·570). The split dose was not associated with fewer adverse events (HR 0·77, 0·41 to 1·46; P = 0·422). Double-dose low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), high BMI and pancreatic fistula were independent predictors of CR-PPH.

Conclusion
A double dose of LMWH prophylaxis continued for 6 weeks after pancreatic resection was associated with a twofold higher rate of CR-PPH, resulting in four times more relaparotomies. Patients receiving a single daily dose of LMWH in hospital only did not experience a higher rate of VTE.
Simultaneous determination of idelalisib and its metabolite GS‐563117 in dog plasma by LC–MS/MS: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wang Cuiyun , Jia Fei , Zhang Yafei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop and validate an LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of idelalisib and GS‐563117 in dog plasma. The analytes were extracted using ethyl acetate and then separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, i. d., 1.7 μm) using 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min in gradient elution mode. The analytes were quantified using selected reaction monitoring with precursor‐to‐product transitions at m/z 416.2 → 176.1, m/z 432.2 → 192.1 and m/z 421.2 → 176.1 for idelalisib, GS‐563117 and [2H5]‐idelalisib (internal standard). The assay showed good linearity (r > 0.9992) over the tested concentration range of 0.1–600 ng/mL for idelalisib and 0.1–300 ng/mL for GS‐563117. The intra‐ and inter‐day RSD values for idelalisib and GS‐563117 were <8.84 and 12.41%, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day RE values were within the range of −7.21–8.52%, and −6.44–14.23%, respectively. The extraction recovery was found to be >84.59% and no matrix effects were observed. The validated LC–MS/MS method has been successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of idelalisib and GS‐563117 in a pharmacokinetic study in dogs. Our results suggested that idelalisib was rapidly metabolized into its metabolite GS‐563117 in dog and the in vivo exposure of GS‐563117 was 17.59% of that of idelalisib.
An in vitro study of scarring formation mediated by human Tenon fibroblasts: Effect of Y‐27632, a Rho kinase inhibitor
Authors: Ibrahim Diah Gemala , Ko Ji‐Ae , Iwata Wakana , Okumichi Hideaki , Kiuchi Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2019

Scar formation is the most common cause for failure of glaucoma filtration surgery because of increased fibroblast proliferation and activation. We have now examined the effect of Y‐27632, a Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on postsurgical scarring formation in human Tenon fibroblasts (HTFs). Collagen gel contraction assay was used to compare contractility activity of Y‐27632 with several antiglaucoma drugs. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were used to examine expression of scar formation–related factors. We found that Y‐27632 inhibited collagen gel contraction, as well as α‐smooth muscle actin and vimentin expression; these were promoted by treatment with latanoprost, timolol, or transforming growth factor (TGF)–β. To investigate the effect of Y‐27632 in postsurgical scarring, we mimicked TGF‐β secretion by stimulating HTFs with TGF‐β prior to Y‐27632 treatment. HTFs cultured in the presence of TGF‐β significantly increased gel contraction. In contrast, when HTFs were treated with 10μM Y‐27632, contraction was significantly inhibited. Furthermore, Y‐27632 reduced TGF‐β–induced phosphorylation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling. These results suggest that ROCK inhibitors may inhibit fibrosis by inhibiting transdifferentiation of Tenon fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and by inhibiting TGF‐β signalling after surgery through mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway suppression. These results implicate that ROCK inhibitors may improve outcomes after filtering surgery with a potential antiscarring effect, while latanoprost and timolol may induce fibrosis.Significance of the studyScar formation is the primary cause of failure after glaucoma filtration surgery. A ROCK inhibitor, Y‐27632, has been introduced as a novel potential antiglaucoma treatment to reduce intraocular pressure. The aim of our study was to elucidate the effect of Y‐27632 on scarring formation after glaucoma filtration surgery, in direct comparison with other antiglaucoma drugs. Our findings thus suggested that Y‐27632 may inhibit fibrosis and improve outcome after glaucoma filtration surgery through inhibition of transdifferentiation of Tenon fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and the TGF‐β and MAPK signalling after surgery, while latanoprost and timolol may induce fibrosis.
Clinical outcomes of the Lotus Valve in patients with bicuspid aortic valve stenosis: An analysis from the RESPOND study
Authors: Blackman Daniel J. , Van Gils Lennart , Bleiziffer Sabine , Gerckens Ulrich , Petronio Anna Sonia , Abdel‐Wahab Mohamed , Werner Nikos , Khogali Saib S. , Wenaweser Peter , Wöhrle Jochen , Soliman Osama , Laborde Jean‐Claude , Allocco Dominic J. , Meredith Ian T. , Falk Volkmar , Van Mieghem Nicolas M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsPatients with bicuspid valves represent a challenging anatomical subgroup for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). This analysis evaluated the clinical outcomes of the fully repositionable and retrievable Lotus Valve System in patients with bicuspid aortic valves enrolled in the RESPOND post‐market registry.Methods and ResultsThe prospective, open‐label RESPOND study enrolled 1,014 patients at 41 centers in Europe, New Zealand, and Latin America, 31 (3.1%) of whom had bicuspid aortic valves. The mean age in the bicuspid patient cohort was 76.4 years, 64.5% were male, and the baseline STS score was 6.0 ± 10.2. Procedural success was 100%, with no cases of malpositioning, valve migration, embolization, or valve‐in‐valve. Repositioning was attempted in 10 cases (32.3%). There was one death (3.2%) and one stroke (3.2%) at 30‐day follow‐up. Mean AV gradient was reduced from 48.7 ± 17.0 mmHg at baseline to 11.8 ± 5.1 mmHg at hospital discharge (P < 0.001); mean effective orifice area (EOA) was increased from 0.6 ± 0.2 cm2 to 1.7 ± 0.4 cm2 (P < 0.001). There were no cases of moderate or severe paravalvular leak (PVL) adjudicated by the core laboratory; four subjects (13.8%) had mild PVL, 5 (17.2%) had trace PVL. The rate of pacemaker (PM) implantation for PM‐naïve patients was 22.2% (6/27).ConclusionsData from the RESPOND registry demonstrate good clinical and echocardiographic outcomes up to 1 year postimplantation in patients with bicuspid aortic valves using the repositionable Lotus Valve.
A patient with Phelan‐McDermid syndrome and dilation of the great vessels
Authors: Deibert Emily , Crenshaw Melissa , Miller Michelle S. 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageWe present a patient with Phelan‐McDermid syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a 22q13 deletion, with the previously undescribed finding of progressive dilation of the great arteries. While congenital heart defects have been identified in patients previously, dilation of the great arteries has not been described to our knowledge.
Postbiopsy arteriovenous fistula in renal allograft: An ultrasound case study
Authors: Bejjanki Harini , Santos Alfonso H. , Koratala Abhilash 
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical MessageArteriovenous fistula is a well‐known but rarely diagnosed complication of percutaneous renal biopsy. On Doppler sonography, these fistulae are characterized by a region of high velocity shifts and random color assignment due to vibrating interfaces in the perivascular tissue. Most of them resolve spontaneously, while larger symptomatic ones need intervention.
Activation and Photoinduced Release of Alkynes on a Biomimetic Tungsten Center: The Photochemical Behavior of the W−S‐Phoz System
Authors: Peschel Lydia M. , Vidovič Carina , Belaj Ferdinand , Neshchadin Dmytro , Mösch‐Zanetti Nadia C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and structural determination of four tungsten alkyne complexes coordinated by the bio‐inspired S,N‐donor ligand 2‐(4′,4′‐dimethyloxazoline‐2′‐yl)thiophenolate (S‐Phoz) is presented. A previously established protocol that involved the reaction of the respective alkyne with the bis‐carbonyl precursor [W(CO)2(S‐Phoz)2] was used for the complexes [W(CO)(C2R2)(S‐Phoz)2] (R=H, 1 a; Me, 1 b; Ph, 1 c). Oxidation with pyridine‐N‐oxide gave the corresponding W‐oxo species [WO(C2R2)(S‐Phoz)2] (R=H, 2 a; Me, 2 b; Ph, 2 c). All W‐oxo‐alkyne complexes (2 a, b, c) were found to be capable of alkyne release upon light irradiation to afford five‐coordinate [WO(S‐Phoz)2] (3). The photoinduced release of the alkyne ligand was studied in detail by in situ 1H NMR measurements, which revealed correlation of the photodissociation rate constant (2 b>2 a>2 c) with the elongation of the alkyne C≡C bond in the molecular structures. Oxidation of [WO(S‐Phoz)2] (3) with pyridine‐N‐oxide yielded [WO2(S‐Phoz)2] (4), which shows highly fluxional behavior in solution. Variable‐temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy revealed three isomeric forms with respect to the ligand arrangement versus each other. Furthermore, compound 4 rearranges to tetranuclear oxo compound [W4O4(μ‐O)6(S‐Phoz)4] (5) and dinuclear [{WO(μ‐O)(S‐Phoz)}2] (6) over time. The latter two were identified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses.
Segment‐interpolation and gamut mapping application of segment maxima gamut boundary descriptors
Authors: Zhu Ming , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe segment maxima gamut boundary descriptor is applied prevalently in cross‐media color reproduction. But irregular color distribution may generate many vacant segments, especially when calculating the gamut boundary. It will reduce the accuracy of gamut boundary description seriously. This article proposes an interpolation algorithm for vacant segments based on neighboring weighted average. To address the problems caused by the coincidence between the line connecting two adjacent gamut boundary descriptor points and the constant hue plane, the reasonable solutions are given for calculating line gamut boundaries. Based on segment maxima gamut boundary descriptor, the article designs a typical gamut‐clipping operator “Hue‐preservation Minimum ΔE (HpMinDE)” and a gamut‐compressing operator. The calculation of intersections between line gamut boundaries and gamut mapping lines is also analyzed. It can help to determine quickly to which segment a gamut mapping line belongs, thus improving the gamut mapping efficiency. In the assessment, the accuracy of “HpMinDE” operator is evaluated by means of the color difference calculation. Then, the psychophysical experiments are employed to evaluate the preference and accuracy of the gamut‐compressing operator. Finally, the computational efficiency of gamut boundary descriptor and gamut mapping operators are tested and verified.
An improved integrated Grid and MapReduce‐Hadoop architecture for spatial data: Hilbert TGS R‐Tree–based IGSIM
Authors: Singh Hari , Bawa Seema 
Published: February 2019

SummaryVariegated distributed computing technologies have been used in recent years of revolutionary phase for efficiently and logically planned spatial data analysis. Grid computing and MapReduce technologies have provided a prodigious technological furtherance in the Geographic Information System (GIS) domain. The Grid is known for its high computing and the MapReduce implementation‐Hadoop is known for its data analytics. A lot of research exist to prove that the integration of Grid and MapReduce complements each other. In our earlier work, a novel architecture Integrated Grid and Spatially Indexed MapReduce (IGSIM) was proposed that integrates Grid and SpatialHadoop for fast spatial queries. The R‐Tree and the R∗‐Tree spatial indexes of SpatialHadoop were exploited for fast data accessing in the IGSIM. However, efficiency of spatial queries can be enhanced further by employing a better spatial indexing algorithm. In this paper, a thorough literature survey has been done on the available traditional spatial indexes from the serial programming environment and Hilbert TGS R‐Tree has been selected on the basis of several parameters for its parallel implementation and extending spatial query efficiency work of the IGSIM. The improved architecture is named as Hilbert TGS R‐Tree–based IGSIM. The experimental results demonstrate high efficiency of the proposed work.
An In Vitro Brain Endothelial Model for Studies of Cryptococcal Transmigration into the Central Nervous System
Authors: Santiago‐Tirado Felipe H. , Klein Robyn S. , Doering Tamara L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is an environmental yeast found worldwide that causes lethal brain infections, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. In 2016, there were 280,000 cases of cryptococcal meningitis in the HIV+ population, two‐thirds of them fatal; other immunocompromised patients are also affected. The burden of cryptococcal disease and the limits of current chemotherapy create a pressing need for improved treatment. One hindrance to the development of new therapies is lack of understanding of how this pathogen breaches the barriers protecting the brain. Here we describe a tool for investigating this process. This simple in vitro blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) model, based on a human brain endothelial cell line grown on a permeable membrane, may be used to assay the BBB transmigration of C. neoformans or other neurotropic pathogens. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.