bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategic vaccination responses to Chikungunya outbreaks in Rome: Insights from a dynamic transmission model
Authors: Sloof Albertus Constantijn , Boer Martijn , Vondeling Gerard T. , de Roo Adrianne M. , Jaramillo Juan Carlos , Postma Maarten J. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks, driven by the expanding habitat of the Aedes albopictus mosquito and global climate change, pose a significant threat to public health. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of emergency vaccination using a dynamic disease transmission model for a potential large-scale outbreak in Rome, Italy.

Methods
The model incorporates a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) framework for human and mosquito populations, taking into account temperature-dependent mosquito lifecycle dynamics, human-mosquito interactions, and various vaccination scenarios.

Findings
Results indicate that emergency vaccination could significantly mitigate the impact of a CHIKV outbreak. Without vaccination, an outbreak is estimated to infect up to 6.21% of Rome’s population, equating to approximately 170,762 individuals. Implementing rapid vaccination after detecting the virus in ten individuals and achieving 40% coverage could reduce infection rates by 82%, preventing 139,805 cases. Scenario and sensitivity analyses confirm that even with lower vaccination coverage rates, significant benefits are observed: at 10% coverage, the number of infections drops to 115,231, and at 20% coverage, it further reduces to 76,031. These scenarios indicate prevention of approximately 33% and 55% of infections, respectively.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the critical role of timely vaccination interventions in outbreak settings, demonstrating that even modest coverage levels can markedly decrease the spread of CHIKV. This study underscores the importance of preparedness, early detection and adaptive response capabilities to manage emerging infectious diseases in urban centres, advocating for strategic vaccine stockpiling and rapid deployment mechanisms to enhance public health outcomes.
Seroepidemiology of trachoma in a low prevalence region receiving annual mass azithromycin distribution in Maradi, Niger
Authors: Amza Abdou , Kadri Boubacar , Nassirou Beido , Arzika Ahmed , Gebreegziabher Elisabeth , Hu Huiyu , Zhong Lina , Chen Cindi , Yu Danny , Abraham Thomas , Liu YuHeng , Wickens Karana , Doan Thuy , Martin Diana , Arnold Benjamin F. , Lietman Thomas M. , Oldenburg Catherine E. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Trachoma programs use the indicator trachomatous inflammation-—follicular (TF) to monitor indication for and response to treatment for trachoma at the district level. Alternative indicators, including serologic markers, are increasingly being evaluated for trachoma surveillance. We evaluated seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to the Pgp3 antigen in two districts in Maradi, Niger thought to have low TF prevalence.

Methods
Data were collected as part of the baseline assessment of the Azithromycin Reduction to Reach Elimination of Trachoma (ARRET) trial in September 2021. A random sample of 80 communities was selected from Mayahi and Guidan Roumdji districts, both of which had TF prevalence <20% at their most recent trachoma impact survey in 2018. A random sample of 50 children per community was sampled. We collected field grades, conjunctival swabs for processing PCR for ocular Chlamydia trachomatis, and dried blood spots for serologic assessment.

Results
Of 3,994 children sampled in 80 communities, 49% were female and median age was 4 years. Overall TF prevalence was 4.6% (95% CI 3.5 to 5.8%) and trachomatous inflammation—intense (TI) prevalence was 0.6% (95% 0.3 to 0.9%). The prevalence of ocular chlamydia was 0.03% (95% CI 0.08%). Seroprevalence for Pgp3 antibodies was 6.3% (95% CI 5.5 to 7.1%) in 1–9-year-olds and 3.7% (95% CI 2.9 to 4.4%) in 1–5-year-olds. TF and Pgp3 seroprevalence were better correlated in 1–5-year-olds (correlation coefficient 0.29) compared to 1–9-year-olds (correlation coefficient 0.09).

Conclusions
In this low trachoma prevalence setting in Niger, seroprevalence of antibodies to Pgp3 were consistent with little ongoing transmission of C. trachomatis.
HIV, the gut microbiome and clinical outcomes, a systematic review
Authors: Mac Cann Rachel , Newman Ellen , Devane Declan , Sabin Caroline , Cotter Aoife G. , Landay Alan , O’Toole Paul W. , Mallon Patrick W. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved the life expectancy of people with HIV (PWH). However, this population is now experiencing accelerated age‐related comorbidities, contributed to by chronic immune activation and inflammation, with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome also implicated.

Method
We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane reviews and international conference abstracts for articles that examined for the following non-communicable diseases (NCDs); cardiovascular disease, cancer, frailty, metabolic, bone, renal and neurocognitive disease, in PWH aged >18 years. Studies were included that measured gut microbiome diversity and composition, microbial translocation markers or microbial metabolite markers.

Results
In all, 567 articles were identified and screened of which 87 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility and 56 were included in the final review. The data suggest a high burden NCD, in particular cardiovascular and metabolic disease in PWH. Alterations in bacterial diversity and structure varied by NCD type, but a general trend in reduced diversity was seen together with alterations in bacterial abundances between different NCD. Lipopolysaccharide was the most commonly investigated marker of microbial translocation across NCD followed by soluble CD14. Short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan and choline metabolites were associated with cardiovascular outcomes and also associated with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Conclusions
This systematic review is the first to summarise the evidence for the association between gut microbiome dysbiosis and NCDs in PWH. Understanding this interaction will provide insights into the pathogenesis of many NCD and help develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PWH.
Sex estimation techniques based on skulls in forensic anthropology: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Xindi , Liu Guihong , Wu Qiushuo , Zheng Yazi , Song Feng , Li Yuan 
Published: December 2024

Background
Sex estimation is an essential topic in the field of individual identification in forensic anthropology. Recent studies have investigated a growing range of techniques for estimating sex from human skulls.

Objectives
This study aims to provide a scoping review of the literature on techniques used in skull-based sex estimation, serving as a valuable reference for researchers.

Sources of evidence
The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2020 to February 2024.

Eligibility criteria
Eligible studies have investigated issues of interest to forensic anthropology about sex estimation using skull samples.

Charting methods
A total of 73 studies met the inclusion criteria and were categorized and analyzed based on the anatomic sites, modalities, trait types, and models. Their accuracy in estimating sex was subsequently examined, and the results were charted.

Results and conclusions
Our review highlights that the 3D medical imaging technique has enhanced the efficiency and stability of skull-based sex estimation. It is anticipated that advancements in 3D imaging and computer vision techniques will facilitate further breakthroughs in this field of research.
Workforce outcomes among substance use peer supports and their contextual determinants: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Bell Justin S. , Griffin Tina , Castedo de Martell Sierra , Kay Emma Sophia , Hawk Mary , Hudson Michelle , Ray Bradley , Watson Dennis P. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Peer recovery support services are a promising approach for improving harm reduction, treatment, and recovery-related outcomes for people who have substance use disorders. However, unique difficulties associated with the role may place peer recovery support staff [i.e., peers] at high risk for negative workforce outcomes, including burnout, vicarious trauma, and compassion fatigue.

Objective
This scoping review protocol aims to describe a proposed effort to review the nature and extent of research evidence on peer workforce outcomes and how these outcomes might differ across service settings. Results of the review described in this protocol will help to answer the following research questions: 1) What is known about workforce-related outcomes for peers working in the substance use field?; 2) What is known about how the structure of work impacts these outcomes?; and 3) How do these outcomes differ by service setting type?

Methods
A scoping review will be conducted with literature searches conducted in PsycINFO®, [EBSCO],Embase® [EBSCO], CINAHL® [EBSCO], Web of Science™ [Clarivate], and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles discussing US-based research and published in English from 1 January 1999 to 1 August 2023. The proposed review will include peer-reviewed and grey-literature published materials describing the experiences of peers participating in recovery support services and harm reduction efforts across a variety of service settings. Two evaluators will independently review the abstracts and full-text articles. We will perform a narrative synthesis, summarizing and comparing the results across service settings.

Expected outputs
Publishing this protocol will help accelerate the identification of critical workforce issues, and bolster the transparency and reporting of the final review. The proposed review will assess the state of the literature on peer workforce-related outcomes and how outcomes might vary by service setting context. Results of the proposed review will be disseminated in peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Findings will inform the field regarding future directions to support the emerging peer workforce.

Trial registration
Systematic review registration
Submitted to Open Science Framework, August 22nd, 2023.
CD47 expression in non-small cell lung cancer and its relationship with tumor-associated macrophage infiltration
Authors: Zhang Hefeng , Liu Shihu , Zhang Jinzi , Wang Yongjie 
Published: December 2024

Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a high incidence, with most patients diagnosed beyond the optimal surgical window. Improving survival rates is critical to reducing lung cancer mortality, and identifying immune checkpoints is vital for prognosis stratification.

Objective
To investigate the expression of CD47 in NSCLC and its relationship with tumor-associated macrophage infiltration.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 50 NSCLC patients treated between January 2014 and June 2018. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy assessed CD47 expression in tumor and adjacent tissues, while immunofluorescence evaluated CD47 on tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression identified prognostic factors, and PLA technology examined CD47’s interaction with VEGFR and CD36.

Results
CD47 positivity in tumor tissues (52%) was significantly higher than in adjacent tissues (20%) (P<0.001), with expression localized to the cell membrane. CD47 expression correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and differentiation (P<0.05) and was identified as an independent risk factor for poor prognosis. TAM infiltration was greater in CD47-positive patients and correlated with shorter survival (P<0.05). PLA showed stronger CD47+VEGFR interactions than CD47+CD36.

Conclusion
CD47 positivity correlates with poor prognosis and increased TAM infiltration, highlighting its potential as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Association of serum potassium levels with mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis during hospitalization
Authors: Zhao Guang , Gu Yuting , Chen Yuyang , Xia Xiaohua 
Published: December 2024

Background
Electrolyte disturbances are prevalent complications in critically ill patients with sepsis, significantly impacting patient prognosis. However, the specific association between serum potassium levels and mortality risk in this population remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum potassium levels during hospitalization and the risk of 28-day and 90-day mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis.

Methods
Data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) database, and patients with severe sepsis requiring ICU admission were stratified into quartiles based on their mean serum potassium levels. Outcomes assessed included 28-day and 90-day mortality. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the association between serum potassium levels and mortality, with restricted cubic splines to identify potential nonlinear correlations. A dichotomous Cox proportional hazards model was applied to analyze the association further, and Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed the mortality risk across different potassium ranges.

Results
A total of 25,203 patients were included, with 28-day and 90-day mortality rates of 27.84% and 40.48%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between serum potassium levels and mortality. Restricted cubic splines identified an inflection point at 4.4 mmol/L, with potassium levels above this threshold associated with higher mortality (28-day mortality: HR 2.96, 95% CI = 2.43–3.60; 90-day mortality: HR 2.19, 95% CI = 1.81–2.64). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed a significantly higher risk of death for patients with serum potassium levels above 4.4 mmol/L compared to those within the 3.5–4.4 mmol/L range (P<0.001).

Conclusion
In critically ill patients with sepsis, serum potassium levels exceeding 4.4 mmol/L are associated with an increased risk of death. Maintaining the average serum potassium level within the range of 3.5–4.4 mmol/L appears to be safe and may contribute to better outcomes in this patient population.
Surgical outcomes of single-port vs multi-port laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ji Feifei , Chen Guansheng , Zhang Mengyao , Chen Xianying , Zhang Jing , Ding Dong , Wang Yongjun 
Published: December 2024

Objective
This study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer who underwent either single-port laparoscopic hysterectomy (SPLH) or multi-port laparoscopic hysterectomy (MPLH).

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search from the earliest records available up to May 2023. The databases searched included PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane Library.

Results
A total of 12 studies were included in the analysis. Both the SPLH and MPLH groups had similar operative times (MD = -4.27, 95% CI [-35.75, 27.22], p = 0.98), conversion rates (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43, 95% CI [0.57, 3.59], p = 0.44), blood transfusion rates, intraoperative complications (bladder injury, bowel injury, and vascular injury), and postoperative complications (umbilical hernia, fever, fistula, lymphocyst, and wound-related issues). However, the SPLH group showed significant advantages in certain areas. There was a notable reduction in estimated intraoperative blood loss (EBL) compared to the MPLH group (mean difference [MD] = -23.80, 95% CI [-42.99, -4.62], p = 0.02) and a shorter hospital stay duration (MD = -0.33, 95% CI [-0.46, -0.20], p < 0.00001). Although there was some debate about postoperative pain, SPLH tended to have more favorable outcomes. Despite these advantages, the SPLH group was less efficient in para-aortic lymph node clearance compared to the MPLH group (MD = -0.96, 95% CI [-1.57, -0.35], p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed in overall lymph node dissection (MD = -0.91, 95% CI [-2.52, 0.70], p = 0.27) and pelvic lymph node dissection (MD = -1.22, 95% CI [-3.82, 1.27], p = 0.36) between the two groups. Additionally, both groups showed similar therapeutic results, with no significant differences in overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Conclusion
SPLH and MPLH techniques are equally effective in treating endometrial cancer, with both showing low rates of surgical complications with similar rates of surgical complications and therapeutic outcomes. However, SPLH offers additional benefits, including smaller incisions, reduced estimated intraoperative blood loss, and shorter hospital stays, making it an increasingly popular option for treating endometrial cancer.
Anti-Blackness and Human Monstrosity in Black American Horror Fiction, Jerry Rafiki Jenkins (2024)
Authors: Clarke Douglas 
Published: December 2024

Review of: Anti-Blackness and Human Monstrosity in Black American Horror Fiction, Jerry Rafiki Jenkins (2024)
Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press, 166 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-81425-905-4, p/bk, $41
Efeito de cotas para ingresso e de fatores socioeconômicos sobre o desempenho acadêmico de estudantes em um curso técnico integrado: um estudo de caso
Authors: Silva Washington Santos da , Moreira Bruno César de Melo , Franco Raquel Aparecida Soares 
Published: December 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho, de natureza quantitativa, foi identificar se fatores socioeconômicos e o fato dos estudantes serem ou não cotistas impactaram o rendimento acadêmico de estudantes do curso Técnico Integrado em Informática ofertado pelo do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Campus Formiga (IFMG - Campus Formiga) em 2017. Utilizou-se o Coeficiente de Rendimento Acadêmico (CRA) como indicador de desempenho dos estudantes. Além de avaliar o impacto sobre o desempenho do ingresso via cotas de ações afirmativas, foi avaliada a influência de fatores como a origem escolar dos estudantes, se egressos da rede pública ou privada, cor, sexo, renda familiar e turma de ingresso, sendo que a análise de regressão foi utilizada para quantificar a relação. Entre os resultados, destaca-se que, no ano estudado, a maioria dos estudantes era oriunda de escolas públicas, do sexo masculino, autodeclarados brancos, seguidos de pardos e provenientes de famílias de baixa renda. Houve evidências de que ser cotista, ou não, e a renda familiar não foram preditores relevantes do coeficiente de rendimento acadêmico. Destaca-se, ainda, entre os resultados, a evidência de que estudantes de cor preta e do sexo feminino tem desempenho, em média, inferior ao de estudantes brancos e pardos do sexo masculino.
Educação para pessoa privada de liberdade: narrativas e reflexões para uma escola acolhedora
Authors: Hermes Barcelos Valdo , Aparecida Azzolin Maria 
Published: December 2024

Nosso objetivo com esse texto é convidar a uma reflexão que contribua para a formação de professores(as) que atuam na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) em instituições prisionais que busquem diminuir a situação de descaso público e de incompreensão pedagógica no que diz respeito à EJA em Regime Semiaberto. Tomamos como ponto de partida, para as reflexões, a fala de pessoas em privação de liberdade e de educadores(as) da EJA que atuam junto a esses educandos(as). Os três exemplos de narrativas que apresentamos nesse texto dão uma ideia de como esse grupo de pessoas em privação de liberdade não são escutados, não são lembrados, não são vistos. Têm negada a oportunidade de “aparecerem” e serem acolhidos e respeitados em seus direitos fundamentais como pessoas. Entendemos que o espaço educativo, particularmente nestes casos de privação de liberdade, pode se constituir em um lugar de retomada da cidadania e da dignidade. Pensar a EJA em geral e de adultos em privação de liberdade, é uma forma de promover a visibilidade, é “deixar aparecer” e, assim, começar a romper com décadas de silenciamento àqueles(as) que ainda hoje - e na vida adulta - sofrem em função desse equívoco político das elites nacionais, bem como de uma incompreensão sobre a função da educação em qualquer nação que busque ser democrática.
Um futuro sem esperanças? Reflexões sobre a distopia de Alfonso Cuarón
Authors: Douglas Alves dos Santos José , Fantin Monica 
Published: December 2024

O valor da vida tem assumido diversas facetas em diferentes períodos históricos, sendo comum associar o inusitado de tal situação com certas ficções, sobretudo as que traduzem distopias. Filhos da Esperança (Children of Men, 2006), de Alfonso Cuarón, apresenta uma história caracterizada como distópica e que tem como centro de sua narrativa um mundo em choque diante do contexto estabelecido: os seres humanos se encaminham para a extinção devido à inviabilidade reprodutiva. Baseado na obra homônima de P. D. James, o longa-metragem traz um olhar crítico e sensível para debater questões recentes, com claras alusões à geopolítica contemporânea e à situação de imigrantes e refugiados, sobretudo no contexto europeu. Por meio de uma postura pessimista restrita ao tempo presente, Filhos da Esperança orienta sua leitura histórica para um futuro de esperança. Este trabalho aproxima a referida narrativa fílmica de uma hermenêutica da condição histórica, associando o problema da infertilidade presente na trama com a falta de perspectiva que acomete muitos indivíduos na sociedade hodierna. Estruturado em quatro partes, o texto acentua a conexão entre a destruição ecológica e a esterilidade humana, relacionando-as à falta de uma perspectiva histórica sinalizada por Cuarón, o que influenciaria na percepção do reconhecimento do passado como elemento constitutivo do presente – e no caso do filme, de um passado conivente com a destruição ecológica do planeta que constitui seu cenário. Com reflexões sobre distopia e utopia, problematiza-se o contexto histórico e político recente, na expectativa de lançar possíveis e novos olhares ao futuro.
Caducidade moral e vida alienada: reflexões filosóficas e literárias sobre ética na educação
Authors: Paulo Gatti Jose 
Published: December 2024

Este artigo analisa, desde a teoria crítica, o pensamento nietzschiano e um conto machadiano, as perspectivas da experiência moral na sociedade contemporânea. A pesquisa, de caráter bibliográfico, procura encadear a filosofia com a análise literária, estabelecendo um diálogo capaz de estimular a reflexão e inspirar horizontes distintos para o enfrentamento da temática moral no âmbito educativo. Ela parte da noção defendida por Theodor Adorno de que a moralidade foi esquecida e sua consolidação depende mais dos mecanismos do modelo produtivo do que da construção de costumes compartilhados conscientemente pelos homens. Analisa a origem desse fenômeno que, para Nietzsche, está na cisão estabelecida entre a razão e a intuição, de tal forma que valores passaram a ser defendidos desde um raciocínio utilitarista e, na sequência, pelo desenvolvimento do ideal ascético. Segundo esse autor, uma racionalidade íntegra requer alcançar a verdade das coisas intuitivamente, sem tentar dominar e controlar sua existência. É o que se percebe no conto A Cartomante, de Machado de Assis. Ali encontram-se sinais dessa aproximação intuitiva, desconcertante, que mais sugere do que revela e, nesse sentido, toca a natureza humana em sua ambiguidade fundamental. Ao apontar tal realidade, o conto desmascara as inconsistências de um paradigma pensado e estruturado para satisfazer todas as necessidades humanas, revelando essa impossibilidade e suas consequências. A compreensão adequada da realidade, do lugar da moral e da possibilidade de construir uma vida menos dependente exigem o resgate da dialética da existência na dinâmica educativa, essa chance de enxergar as tensões e conflitos dissimulados.