bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of the co‐twin following spontaneous single intrauterine fetal death in twin pregnancies: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mackie FL , Rigby A , Morris RK , Kilby MD 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundSingle intrauterine fetal death affects approximately 6% of twin pregnancies and can have serious sequelae for the surviving co‐twin.ObjectivesDetermine the prognosis of the surviving co‐twin following spontaneous single intrauterine fetal death to aid counselling patients and highlight future research areas.Search strategyMedline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, from 1980 to June 2017.Selection criteriaStudies of five or more cases of spontaneous single intrauterine fetal death after 14 weeks gestation, in diamniotic twin pregnancies.Data collection and analysisSummary event rates were calculated and stratified by chorionicity. Monochorionic and dichorionic twins, and sub‐groups, were compared by odds ratios.Main resultsIn monochorionic twins, when single intrauterine fetal death occurred at less than 28 weeks’ gestation, this significantly increased the rate of co‐twin intrauterine fetal death [odds ratio (OR) 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–5.25, I2 = 0.0%, 12 studies, 184 pregnancies] and neonatal death (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.18–6.77, I2 = 0.0%, 10 studies, 117 pregnancies) compared with when the single intrauterine fetal death occurred at more than 28 weeks’ gestation. Neonatal death in monochorionic twins was significantly higher if the pregnancy was complicated by fetal growth restriction (OR 4.83, 95% CI 1.14–20.47, I2 = 0.0%, six studies, 60 pregnancies) or preterm birth (OR 4.95, 95% CI 1.71–14.30, I2 = 0.0%, 11 studies, 124 pregnancies). Abnormal antenatal brain imaging was reported in 20.0% (95% CI 12.8–31.1, I2 = 21.9%, six studies, 116 pregnancies) of surviving monochorionic co‐twins. The studies included in the meta‐analysis demonstrated small study effects and possible selection bias.ConclusionsPreterm birth was the commonest adverse outcome affecting 58.5 and 53.7% of monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies. Outcomes regarding brain imaging and neurodevelopmental comorbidity are an important area for future research, but meta‐analysis may be limited due to different methods of assessment.Tweetable abstractPreterm birth is the highest risk in single co‐twin death. Abnormal antenatal brain imaging was found in 1/5 surviving MC twins.
Enhancing Undergraduate Research Experience Through a Food Science Research Project
Authors: Lee Yee Ming , Burnett Donna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEngaging undergraduate students in research has become increasingly important due to its potential benefits (for example, increased intention to pursue postgraduate study and enhanced understanding of theoretical knowledge). This study investigated whether a comprehensive food science research project that was incorporated into the laboratory component of an Experimental Study of Foods course would enhance student knowledge, confidence, and interest in research. A total of 84 students participated in two sections of the laboratory (2016, n = 39; 2017, n = 45). Scores for pre and posttests and questionnaires were used to determine if the differences in knowledge scores and ratings for confidence in doing research were significant. Knowledge scores indicated that participants were knowledgeable about research at baseline (2016, 7.31 ± 1.15; 2017, 6.89 ± 0.1.21; maximum of 10 points). Results of the t‐tests showed that the change in knowledge scores before and after the project was not statistically significant; however, the level of confidence in performing various research skills (for example, identify research questions, formulate hypotheses, design an experiment) significantly increased upon project completion. In general, students demonstrated favorable attitudes toward the research project at the end of this project. Qualitative responses were organized into three themes that related to the “input” (elements that made the project successful), “process” (how the project was conducted), and “outcomes” (reported gains or benefits) of the project. Recommendations were made in terms of mentorship, research guidelines and topics, and group culture to improve future projects.
Severe Cardiac Rupture by Only One Blow to the Chest in a Young Boy: An Autopsy Case
Authors: Muramatsu Hisanori , Umino Keishi , Masuda Hiroko , Ishizawa Fujio , Sugano Yukiko , Honda Katsuya 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCardiac rupture by blunt chest trauma is commonly seen after motor vehicle accidents and falls; however, it is rarely caused by a blow to the chest. We herein report an autopsy case of a high school boy who sustained severe right ventricular rupture by only one knee kick to the chest during a quarrel. He was hospitalized and developed cardiopulmonary arrest. Emergency surgery was performed, but the patient died. The autopsy revealed no external severe trauma or deformation, but the side wall of the right ventricle contained a large V‐shaped laceration. The other thoracic organs had no injuries. This case illustrates that severe cardiac rupture can occur by only one blow to the chest. Blunt cardiac injuries can occur even if no severe injuries are present on the body surface. We should consider the possibility of severe cardiac injuries regardless of the presence of external injuries.
Executive Summary: The 2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference: Aligning the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Agenda to Reduce Health Outcome Gaps
Authors: Ishimine Paul , Adelgais Kathleen , Barata Isabel , Klig Jean , Kou Maybelle , Mahajan Prashant , Merritt Chris , Stoner Michael J. , Cloutier Robert , Mistry Rakesh , Denninghoff Kurt R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEmergency care providers share a compelling interest in developing an effective patient‐centered, outcomes‐based research agenda that can decrease variability in pediatric outcomes. The 2018 Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference “Aligning the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Research Agenda to Reduce Health Outcome Gaps (AEMCC)” aimed to fulfill this role. This conference convened major thought leaders and stakeholders to introduce a research, scholarship, and innovation agenda for pediatric emergency care specifically to reduce health outcome gaps. Planning committee and conference participants included emergency physicians, pediatric emergency physicians, pediatricians, and researchers with expertise in research dissemination and translation, as well as comparative effectiveness, in collaboration with patients, patient and family advocates from national advocacy organizations, and trainees. Topics that were explored and deliberated through subcommittee breakout sessions led by content experts included 1) pediatric emergency medical services research, 2) pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) research network collaboration, 3) PEM education for emergency medicine providers, 4) workforce development for PEM, and 5) enhancing collaboration across emergency departments (PEM practice in non–children's hospitals). The work product of this conference is a research agenda that aims to identify areas of future research, innovation, and scholarship in PEM.
Blunted stress reactivity reveals vulnerability to early life adversity in young adults with a family history of alcoholism
Authors: Lovallo William R. , Cohoon Andrew J. , Acheson Ashley , Sorocco Kristen H. , Vincent Andrea S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground and aimsPeople with blunted stress reactivity have poor impulse control and also show increased risk for alcoholism. Exposure to early life adversity (ELA) contributes to blunted reactivity, but individual differences in susceptibility to ELA are not well understood. This study aimed to determine whether exposure to ELA has a greater impact on stress reactivity in young adults with a family history of alcoholism (FH+) compared with young adults with no family history of alcoholism (FH–).DesignObservational study using linear modeling.SettingOklahoma, USA.ParticipantsSeven hundred and nine young adults (398 females) recruited through community advertisement.MeasurementsWe obtained heart rates and cortisol levels in subjects while undergoing public speaking and mental arithmetic stress compared with a resting control day (1418 test sessions). ELA was quantified as 0, 1 or > 1 adverse events experienced by age 15 years. FH+ people had one or two parents with an alcohol use disorder, and FH– controls had no such history for two generations.FindingsIncreasing levels of ELA predicted progressive blunting of cortisol and heart rate reactivity for the whole sample (Fs = 4.57 and 4.70, Ps ≤ 0.011), but examination by FH status showed that the effect of ELA was significant only among FH+ (Fs ≥ 3.5, Ps < 0.05) and absent in FH– (Ps > 0.40). This difference in ELA impact was not explained by the cortisol diurnal cycle or subjective evaluation of the stressors.ConclusionsPeople with a family history of alcoholism appear to be vulnerable, in terms of changes to physiological stress response, to the impact of exposure to early life adversity while people with no family history of alcoholism appear to be resilient. Blunted stress reactivity may reflect differential vulnerability to early life adversity in young adults with a family history of alcoholism.
Algorithm for predicting threshold retinopathy of prematurity is insufficient and fundus examinations are still needed before 31 weeks
Authors: Wirth M , Naud A , Caputo G , Hascoët J M 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimWe evaluated the weight, insulin‐like growth factor‐1, neonatal, retinopathy of prematurity (WINROP) algorithm for very premature infants.MethodInfants born before 32 weeks who had undergone fundus examinations in the neonatal intensive care unit at the University Hospital of Nancy were included in this French retrospective cohort study from July 2012 to July 2016. We evaluated how well the WINROP software predicted threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).ResultsWe studied 570 infants with a mean gestational age of 28.7 ± 1.8 weeks and a mean birth weight of 1110 ± 297 g: 28.1% had ROP and 1.2% had threshold ROP. The overall WINROP sensitivity was 57.1%, specificity was 46.0%, predictive positive value was 1.3% and predictive negative value was 98.9%. At more than 30 weeks of gestation or 1250 g, these figures rose to a respective specificity of 100% and 95.7% and respective predictive negative value of 100% and 100%. There were independent associations between the severity of ROP and the Apgar score at five minutes, the duration of oxygen therapy and non‐invasive ventilation.ConclusionWINROP worked better on preterm infants born from 31 weeks onwards or weighing over 1250 g. Fundus examinations remain necessary for infants born earlier or lighter.
Treatment of opioid dependence with buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets: A phase 3 randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Wang XuYi , Jiang Haifeng , Zhao Min , Li Jing , Gray Frank , Sheng Lixia , Li Yi , Li Xiaodong , Ling Walter , Li Wei , Hao Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablets for the treatment of opioid dependence in Chinese adults.MethodsThis multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study included four periods: induction (3‐5 days), stabilization (7‐21 days), randomization/treatment (6 weeks), and postmedication follow‐up (1 week). A total of 442 participants with opioid dependence were enrolled; 260 were randomized to buprenorphine/naloxone or placebo. The primary outcome was retention in treatment, defined as the time from randomization to treatment completion or treatment failure. Secondary outcomes included maximum consecutive days of abstinence from opioids, self‐reported craving and opioid withdrawal symptoms, and urine drug screen results. Safety assessments included adverse event reporting, electrocardiograms, clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, and prior/concomitant medications.ResultsThe median treatment retention time (95% confidence internal) with buprenorphine/naloxone was 32 days (26‐38) versus 6 days (5‐8) for placebo, with a Cox hazard ratio of 0.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.21‐0.38; P < 0.0001). The median maximum consecutive days of abstinence (95% confidence interval) was: buprenorphine/naloxone, 21 days (26‐38); placebo, 5 days (5‐8) with a Cox hazard ratio of 0.38 (95% confidence interval, 0.25‐0.60; P < 0.0001). Withdrawal and craving symptoms were significantly milder with buprenorphine/naloxone versus placebo (P < 0.001). Urine drug screen results indicated significantly lower opioid usage in the buprenorphine/naloxone group compared with placebo (P < 0.001). The most commonly reported adverse events in the buprenorphine/naloxone group during treatment were aspartate aminotransferase increased and nasopharyngitis.DiscussionEfficacy and safety results from this clinical trial support a positive benefit‐risk ratio for buprenorphine/naloxone sublingual tablet use in the treatment of an opioid‐dependent Chinese population.
Dysregulation of TDP‐43 intracellular localization and early onset ALS are associated with a TARDBP S375G variant
Authors: Newell Kathy , Paron Francesca , Mompean Miguel , Murrell Jill , Salis Elisa , Stuani Cristiana , Pattee Gary , Romano Maurizio , Laurents Douglas , Ghetti Bernardino , Buratti Emanuele 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe investigated the Central Nervous System (CNS) and skeletal muscle tissue from A woman was clinically diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the age of 22. Neuropathologic evaluation showed upper and lower motor neuron loss, corticospinal tract degeneration and skeletal muscle denervation. Analysis of the patient's Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) revealed a AGT>GGT change resulting in an S375G substitution in the C‐terminal region of TDP‐43. This variant was previously reported as being benign. Considering the early onset and severity of the disease in this patient, we tested the effects of this genetic variant on TDP‐43 localization, pre‐mRNA splicing activity and toxicity, in parallel with the effects on known neighboring disease‐associated mutations. In cell lines, expressed in culture, S375G TDP‐43 appeared to be more significantly localized in the nucleus and to exert higher toxicity than wild‐type TDP‐43. Strikingly, a phosphomimic mutant at the same residue (S375E) showed a strong tendency to accumulate in the cytoplasm, especially under stress conditions, and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that phosphorylation of this residue can disrupt TDP‐43 intermolecular interactions. The results of the current study highlight the importance of phosphorylation and regulation of TDP‐43 nuclear‐cytoplasmic shuttling/redistribution, in relation to the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in different forms of ALS.
Evaluating willingness to pay for the temporal distribution of different air quality improvements: Is China's clean air target adequate to ensure welfare maximization?
Authors: Yao Liuyang , Deng Junfeng , Johnston Robert J. , Khan Imran , Zhao Minjuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStated preference analyses seeking to determine the public's value for air quality improvements often estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for days at a specified minimum quality threshold (e.g., days with clean air), but do not consider the temporal distribution of pollution levels below this threshold. This paper develops a choice experiment designed to evaluate WTP for a more complete distribution of air quality improvements, including the number of days per year at multiple air quality levels. The model is applied to a case study of air quality improvement in the core districts of Xi'an City, China. Results from a linearly constrained mixed logit model demonstrate that average household WTP for improving a lightly polluted, moderately polluted, heavily polluted, or severely polluted day to a clean air day is 7.42, 8.90, 13.06, and 24.28 RMB per year, respectively. These results show that WTP depends not only on the total number of clean air days, but on the total distribution of pollution levels across all days of the year. Results are directly relevant to the development of clean air policies in China, for which benefit estimates are currently unavailable.
Health behaviours, intentions and barriers to change among obesity classes I, II and III
Authors: Bastin A. , Romain A. J. , Marleau J. , Baillot A. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryHealth behaviour change is a cornerstone in the management of obesity, and data on health behaviours, intentions and barriers to change would be useful to inform the development of interventions. The aim of this study was to describe these variables in individuals with obesity, and to compare obesity classes. The study obtained data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2011–2012 including 5614 adults with body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg m−2. The majority of participants reported eating four or more fruits and vegetables daily (65.3% [95% confidence interval {CI}: 64.1–66.6]), being a regular drinker (59.6% [95% CI: 58.4–61.0]) and inactive (58.0% [95% CI: 56.7–59.3]). About 84% of participants answered they should do and/or intend to do something in the next year to improve their health, with increasing exercise being the most reported choice (69.2% [95% CI: 67.1–71.5]). Among the 58.0% (95% CI: 55.9–60.2) of participants facing barriers to change, the lack of willpower was the most reported (37.0% [95% CI: 34.2–39.7]). No difference between classes for intention to change and barriers were found. Comorbidities were the most important factor explaining several health behaviours and barriers to change. The vast majority of participants, regardless of the severity of obesity, know they should do and also want to do something to improve their health, but faced a lack of willpower. Thus, the most important thing to consider during an obesity intervention is the lack of motivation to modify health behaviours and beyond BMI, the presence of comorbidities.
Improving collaboration in the implementation of global biodiversity conventions
Authors: Rogalla von Bieberstein Katharina , Sattout Elsa , Christensen Mads , Pisupati Balakrishna , Burgess Neil D. , Harrison Jerry , Geldmann Jonas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEight conventions make up the biodiversity cluster of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) that provide the critical international legal framework for the conservation and sustainable use of nature. However, concerns about the rate of implementation of the conventions at the national level have triggered discussions about the effectiveness of these MEAs in halting the loss of biodiversity. Two main concerns have emerged: lack of capacity and resources and lack of coherence in implementing multiple conventions. We focused on the latter and considered the mechanisms by which international conventions are translated into national policy. Specifically, we examined how the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 and the associated Aichi Biodiversity Targets have functioned as a unifying grand plan for biodiversity conservation. This strategic plan has been used to coordinate and align targets to promote and enable more effective implementation across all biodiversity‐related conventions. Results of a survey of 139 key stakeholders from 88 countries suggests streamlining across ministries and agencies, improved coordination mechanisms with all relevant stakeholders, and better knowledge sharing between conventions could improve cooperation among biodiversity‐related conventions. The roadmap for improving synergies among conventions agreed to at the 13th Convention on Biological Diversity's Conference of Parties in 2016 includes actions such as mechanisms to avoid duplication in national reporting and monitoring on conventions and capacity building related to information and knowledge sharing. We suggest the scientific community can actively engage and contribute to the policy process by establishing a science‐policy platform to address knowledge gaps; improving data gathering, reporting, and monitoring; developing indicators that adequately support implementation of national plans and strategies; and providing evidence‐based recommendations to policy makers. The latter will be particularly important as 2020 approaches and work to develop a new biodiversity agenda for the next decade is beginning.
Double‐chambered left ventricle: A rare case in a child
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Min , Chang Dong‐Qing , Huang Ji‐Jiang , Maimaitiaili Aizezi , Ermek Tangsakar , Yisireyili Maimaiti , Zhang Zong‐Gang 
Published: November 2018

Double‐chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is an extremely rare congenital heart disease. In this condition, the left ventricle is divided into two chambers by a septum or muscle fiber with abnormal proliferation. A symptomatic boy was diagnosed with DCLV at our hospital. The patient was admitted with the major complaint of 8 years of cardiac murmur, which was discovered through physical examination, and 5 years of palpitations and shortness of breath. He has been followed up without treatment.
Effects of larval density on a natural population ofCulex restuans(Diptera: Culicidae): no evidence of compensatory mortality
Authors: Ower Geoffrey D. , Juliano Steven A. 
Published: November 2018

1. This study investigated the effects of strong density dependence on larval growth, development, and survival of the mosquitoCulex restuans(Theobald). It also tested the hypothesis that density reduction early in larval development could result in as many or more individuals surviving to adulthood (compensation or over‐compensation, respectively), or increased reproductive performance via rapid development and greater adult size.2. In a field study of a natural population ofC. restuans, the effects of a 75% lower density on percentage survivorship to adulthood, number of adults, development time, adult size, adult longevity, and size dependent fecundity were tested.3. No evidence was found of compensation or over‐compensation in adult production, or of effects of lower density on percentage survivorship. Low density yielded significant increases in adult size, adult longevity, and size‐dependent fecundity, and a decrease in development time.4. Estimated per‐capita population growth rate was significantly greater in the low‐density treatment than in the high‐density treatment. It is inferred that this difference was due to greater per‐capita resources, which increased female size and fecundity, and reduced development time. Greater per‐capita population growth could therefore result from early mortality of larvae, meaning that the hydra effect, which predicts greater equilibrium population with, as opposed to without, extrinsic mortality, may be possible for these mosquitoes.