bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the COVID-19 vaccine uptake, acceptance, and hesitancy in Ethiopia and Tanzania: a scoping review
Authors: Gudina Esayas Kebede , Muro Florida Joseph , Kyala Norman Jonas , Melaku Tsegaye , Sørensen Jane Brandt , Meyrowitsch Dan Wolf , Mekonnen Zeleke , Dræbel Tania Aase 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe development and implementation of COVID-19 vaccines have been a breakthrough in controlling the pandemic. However, the vaccination coverage in most low-income countries remains very low due to critical vaccine shortage and profound hesitancy. In this scoping review, we aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake, acceptance, and hesitancy in Ethiopia and Tanzania.MethodsThe search was made in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. Only original research articles focusing on vaccine acceptance and hesitancy were included. The studies selected for a full read were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.FindingsA total of 76 articles were included in the study, with 74 of them coming from Ethiopia. The study found an increasing trend in vaccine uptake over time. However, there was also an increase in hesitancy and a decline in willingness to receive the vaccine. The willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in Ethiopia ranged from 18.5 to 88%. The main reasons for "vaccine hesitancy" included fear of side effects, concerns about long-term safety, doubts about vaccine effectiveness, lack of information, vaccine fast-tracking, and religious beliefs. The study also found that younger individuals, females, and pregnant women were less willing to receive the vaccine. The adverse events reported among vaccinated individuals were mostly mild. Most of the studies operationalised vaccine acceptance-hesitancy as dichotomous variables. However, the historical, political, and socio-cultural context in which vaccine acceptance and hesitancy occur was not given any attention. While there is a good amount of data from Ethiopia describing patterns of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy among different populations over time, there is limited information from Tanzania due to the late arrival of the vaccine and limited published articles.ConclusionWe have observed a paradox involving two seemingly conflicting trends: an increase in vaccination rates/coverage and "anti-vax." Most studies have simplified vaccine acceptance-hesitancy as an “either-or” incident, without considering its dynamic nature and occurrence within a broader political, social, and cultural context. Therefore, it is crucial to explore approaches that can enhance our understanding of the vaccine acceptance-hesitancy phenomenon, in order to improve vaccine trust and uptake.
Age and sex-related differences in elastic properties of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit: an observational prospective study
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Wang Wenjing , Li Feng , Guo Jiayi 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionChanges in the mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit can lead to abnormal biomechanics of lower limbs, which is a risk factor for the development of many diseases. However, fewer studies have explored physiological changes in the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit stiffness. This study aimed to investigate the age- and sex-related differences in the gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit stiffness.MethodsThe study included 20 older women, 20 young women, and 20 older men. Shear wave elastography (SWE) was used to measure the stiffness of the medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and Achilles tendon (AT) in all subjects in relaxed, neutral, and standing positions.ResultsThe results showed no significant differences in the MG, LG, and AT stiffness between the dominant and non-dominant sides (p &gt; 0.05). The MG, LG, and AT stiffness changed with positions (p &lt; 0.05). The LG stiffness in older women was lower than in older men and young women in any position (p &lt; 0.05). The MG stiffness in older men was greater than that in older women in any position, and age-related changes were found only in the relaxed and standing positions (p &lt; 0.05). The AT stiffness was higher in older men only in the relaxed position (p &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in AT stiffness between older and younger women at any position (p &gt; 0.05).DiscussionThese results suggest that the bilateral gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit stiffnesses were similar regardless of sex, age, and position. The stiffness of the gastrocnemius in women decreased with age. However, the effect of aging on AT stiffness was slight. Men have greater gastrocnemius stiffness in older adults.
Efficiency of Vivianite from Water Purification Depending on Its Mixing with Superphosphate and Application Method
Authors: Ayeyemi Tolulope , Recena Ramiro , García-López Ana María , Quintero José Manuel , del Campillo María Carmen , Delgado Antonio 
Published: November 2024

Vivianite precipitation is gaining attention in phosphorus (P) removal from water purification. It is an iron (Fe)- and P-rich compound that can be used as a slow-release P fertilizer. However, this slow release can constrain P supply to crops in the initial growing stages. This limitation can be overcome by mixing with soluble P fertilizers and with banding application. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the fertilizer effect of vivianite and superphosphate mixtures and determine the most effective application method for vivianite and its mixture with superphosphate as a soluble fertilizer. A pot experiment was conducted by growing sunflowers in calcareous soil under controlled conditions involving two factors. The first factor was the combinations of vivianite and superphosphate: 100% Vivianite + 0% Superphosphate –T2–, 70% Vivianite + 30% Superphosphate –T3–, 30% Vivianite + 70% Superphosphate –T4–, 0% Vivianite + 100% Superphosphate –T5—at a single P rate of 50 mg P kg−1 and a non-fertilized control –T1–. The second factor was the application method: (i) mixing vivianite powder with the bulk soil and (ii) applying it in bands at three points around the plants. The dry matter (DM) yield in the roots and shoots of the sunflower when all P was applied as superphosphate was higher than when it was applied as vivianite. However, the combination of superphosphate and vivianite in different proportions (T3 and T4) led to a considerably higher DM yield compared to sole vivianite application (T2). The highest plant P uptake was observed in T5, while the lowest was in T1 and T2. The replacement values on a dry matter (PFRVDM) and P uptake (PFRVP Uptake) basis and the nutrient use efficiency of T3 and T4 were higher than that of T2. However, the PFRVDM and the PFRVP Uptake were in the same range as the proportion of the superphosphate added to the fertilizer mix. Thus, increased P use efficiency could be achieved with mixtures of vivianite and superphosphate. However, the contribution of vivianite to the fertilizer mix is difficult to access in a short growing cycle. Hence, further research is recommended on the residual effect of vivianite in such fertilizer mix on subsequent growing cycles.
Optimization of Sargassum bovianum Extraction Techniques for Germination of Wheat, Canola, and Corn Under Different Salinity Stress
Authors: Derafshi Mehdi , Hassani Akbar , Amanifar Setareh , Babaakbari Mohammad , Hematimatin Narges , Asgari Lajayer Behnam , Astatkie Tess , Price G. W. 
Published: November 2024

Seaweeds are a cheap, eco-friendly, and rich source of plant growth stimulators that can mitigate the adverse effects of salinity stress. This study examined the impact of Sargassum bovianum extracts obtained through different techniques using pressure, heat, and microwave radiations on the germination and growth of wheat, corn, and canola seeds under varying salinity levels (500, 3500, and 6500 µS cm−1). The findings showed that pressure, microwave, and acidic extraction methods were the most effective in extracting polysaccharides, alginate, and nutrients from S. bovianum. Seaweed extract significantly improved the mean germination time (MGT) and germination index (GI) of wheat under high salinity stress and had a positive effect on wheat plumule length (PL) and germination percentage (GP). However, seaweed extract had no significant impact on canola seeds in salinity stress, except for improved canola PL. The PL and seedling vigor index (SVI) of corn were enhanced in low salinity levels, but most treatments reduced PL and SVI in high salinity. This study suggests that using heat, pressure, and microwave techniques for seaweed extraction results in higher polysaccharides and alginate content, leading to improved germination and plant growth, particularly in wheat and canola. These findings can help growers optimize the germination and growth of these important crops.
In-Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Grape Seed, Green Tea, and Rosemary Phenolic Extracts Against Liver Abscess Causing Bacterial Pathogens in Cattle
Authors: Salih Harith M. , Amachawadi Raghavendra G. , Kang Qing , Li Yonghui , Nagaraja Tiruvoor G. 
Published: November 2024

Liver abscesses, which occur in finishing cattle, are of significant economic concern to the feedlot industry. The causative agents include both Fusobacterium necrophorum subspecies (F. necrophorum and F. funduliforme), Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes), and Salmonella enterica serotype Lubbock (S. Lubbock). Tylosin, a macrolide antibiotic, is supplemented in the feed to reduce liver abscesses. However, due to the concern with emergence of antimicrobial resistance, the antimicrobial activities of the plant-based phenolic compounds could be an antibiotic alternative to control liver abscesses. We investigated the inhibitory activities of phenolic compounds extracted from grape seed, green tea, and rosemary on liver-abscess-causing bacterial pathogens. Total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically. Anaerobic Brain–Heart Infusion broth (for Fusobacterium) and Muller–Hinton broth (for S. enterica and T. pyogenes) with phenolic extracts at 0, 0.1, 1, and 2 mg/mL were prepared. Growth was measured at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h by determining bacterial concentrations. A micro-broth dilution method was used to quantify the inhibition. Grape seed and green tea phenolics inhibited growth of both Fusobacterium subspecies, T. pyogenes and S. enterica. Green tea at 1 mg/mL concentration was more effective in inhibiting the growth of Fusobacterium when compared to grape seed and rosemary. Green tea at 2 mg/mL was more effective than at 1 mg/mL against Salmonella. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent, which was consistent across all strains within the same bacterial species. The phenolic extracts were inhibitory against T. pyogenes with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 6.25 to 12.5 µg/mL. Among the phenolic extracts tested, green tea showed the most potent activity, suggesting its strong potential as a natural alternative to conventional antibiotics. Plant-based phenolic compounds supplemented in the feed may have the potential to control liver abscesses.
Mitochondrial Genome Analysis of Babesia ovis (Apicomplexa: Babesiidae) Endemic in Sheep in Türkiye
Authors: Ulucesme Mehmet Can , Aktas Munir , Ozubek Sezayi 
Published: November 2024

This study presents the first comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Babesia ovis, a significant pathogen in ovine babesiosis in Türkiye. The B. ovis mitochondrial genome is a linear monomeric molecule of 6015 bp with an A + T content of 70.5%, featuring terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) at both ends. It encodes three essential proteins (Cox1, Cox3, and Cob) and six fragments of large subunit rRNA genes. Comparative analysis revealed high sequence identity with Babesia sp. Xinjiang (87.5%) and Babesia sp. Dunhuang (87.5%), suggesting a close evolutionary relationship. The study highlights the conservation of mitochondrial gene content across Babesia and Theileria species, emphasizing their utility in phylogenetic studies. The findings also suggest that TIR variability plays a role in mitochondrial genome size differences, influencing species-specific adaptations. This research provides valuable insights into the evolution and functional adaptations of B. ovis and underscores the potential of mitochondrial genomic data in enhancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for babesiosis. Further exploration of mitochondrial genomes in Babesia species is essential for understanding their biology and developing effective control measures.
Factors influencing medical students career intentions in Flanders, Estonia and Hungary: a multivariable analysis
Authors: Velgan Marta , Vajer Peter , Michels Nele R , Einasto Mart , Kalda Ruth 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundThe career decisions of medical students are pivotal in shaping the future healthcare workforce. In many countries, the number of medical students who choose general practice (GP) as their career is insufficient to meet the needs of the healthcare system.AimThe aim of this study was to describe the factors influencing medical students’ career intentions and their preference for a career in GP.Design & settingA cross-sectional study involving medical students from Flanders (Belgium), Estonia and Hungary.MethodAn online questionnaire was used to gather data. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted.ResultsAltogether 1601 medical students participated in this study. 18.5% of the participants were interested in GP. Factors related to medical students and the curriculum which predicted the interest in GP were being a woman, being a medical student from Flanders, being a 6th year medical student, coming from a rural area and having GP role models. Students preferring GP named the following factors as important: short and low intensity training program, having long-term and close relationship with patients, continuity of care, regular and flexible working hours and opportunities to achieve work-life balance.ConclusionThis study adds further evidence which characteristics and factors can predict medical students’ interest in GP, having GP role models being the most important predictor. Further research into which qualities medical students value in their role models could give us better understanding on how we can support GPs to be better advocates for their specialty and thereby help increase interest in GP.
Collecting sociodemographic data in primary care: Qualitative interviews in community health centers
Authors: Thelen Rachel , Bhatti Sara , Rayner Jennifer , Grudniewicz Agnes 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundMany primary care organizations do not routinely collect sociodemographic data (SDD) such as race, gender, or income despite the importance of this data in addressing health disparities.AimTo understand the experiences of primary care providers and staff in collecting SDD.Design & settingA qualitative interview study with 33 primary care and interprofessional team members from eight Ontario Community Health Centres (CHCs).MethodSemi-structured virtual interviews and content analysis of interview transcripts.ResultsParticipants reported using both formal methods of SDD collection, and informal methods of SDD collection that were more organic, varied, and conducted over time. Participants discussed sometimes feeling uncomfortable collecting this data formally, as well as associated burden and limited resources to support collection. Client-provider rapport was noted as facilitating data collection and participants suggested more training, streamlined data collection, and better communication about purpose and use of data.ConclusionSDD can be collected informally or formally but there are limitations to informally collected data and barriers to the adoption of formal processes.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical office assistants (MOAs) Working in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Johnson Jennifer K , Ryan Bridget L , Terry Amanda L , Brown Judith Belle 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundMedical Office Assistants (MOAs), also known as receptionists and clerks, are front line workers and the most accessible member of the primary care team. Historically, their contributions to primary care have been unrecognised and undervalued. The COVID-19 pandemic put pressure on existing roles and systems in primary care: how MOAs adapted is unknown.AimTo explore the experiences of MOAs working in primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of MOAs and family physicians (FPs) who worked with MOAs during this period.Design & settingA qualitative study using Constructivist Grounded Theory, conducted in Ontario, CanadaMethodSeventeen participants were recruited through professional contacts of the research team. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with MOAs and FPs across the province.ResultsMOAs’ many responsibilities in primary care intensified during the pandemic. MOAs leveraged their healthcare system knowledge and therapeutic relationships with patients to reduce patient distress. Unfortunately, MOAs experienced more frustration, and in some cases, abuse from patients. MOAs' ability to adapt to new systems and respond to high patient needs seemed to be positively influenced by their relationships with patients and FPs. FPs expressed concern for MOA welfare and recognised their critical role on primary care teams.ConclusionMOAs made significant contributions to primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study suggests MOAs have greater capacity than previously recognised which has important implications for planning in an era of under-resourced healthcare.
Illocutionary Acts Performed by Meilin in “Turning Red” the Movie
Authors: Widyasari Ketut Monica , Sukarini Ni Wayan , Maharani Sang Ayu Isnu 
Published: November 2024

This analysis entitled "Illocutionary Act Performed by Meilin in Turning Red the Movie," aims at determining and analysing the types of illocutionary acts and direct and indirect illocutionary acts performed by Meilin as the main character in "Turning Red." This analysis was based on qualitative research, and data was collected through the documentation method and a note-taking technique. After collecting all relevant data, the data were analysed using the descriptive qualitative method. The data source was the utterances of Meilin, the main character in "Turning Red," the movie. This article analysed the data using the types of illocutionary acts theory proposed by Searle (1979) to categorise and analyse the collected data into five groups: declarations, assertive, expressive, directives, and commissives; and the approach proposed by Yule (1996) to determine and analyse direct and indirect illocutionary acts. Based on the result of the analysis, there were only four types of illocutionary acts used by Meilin in the movie: assertive, directive, commissive, and expressive. Assertive was expressed 17 times, directive was expressed 20 times, commissive appeared 9 times, and expressive appeared 2 times. In this analysis, no declaration acts were found because there were no utterances by Meilin that contained utterances to declare something. Therefore, the analysis also found that direct speech was the type most often expressed by Meilin; it was expressed 25 times, while indirect speech was only expressed 23 times. She mostly expressed her utterances directly because that is the easiest way to communicate with the listener.
Keywords: Illocutionary acts, Types of illocutionary acts, Direct and indirect acts
Code-Mixing Used by Alexandra Asmasoebrata in Volix Media Youtube Channel
Authors: Putrawan I Wayan , Widhiarcani Matradewi Ni Ketut , Aryani I Gusti Agung Istri 
Published: November 2024

Sociolinguistics is the study that concerns the relation between society and language use. The part of sociolinguistics that is code-mixing The study aims at (1) identifying the types, and (2) defining the factors of code mixing used by Alexandra Asmasoebrata on the Volix Media YouTube Channel. The focused of the study is on code mixing Indonesian-English. The data was collected by Volix Media YouTube channel. This study employs a qualitative research methodology, and the observation method is the data collection strategy. Hoffman's (1991) theory is used to analyze the many forms and factors of code mixing. This study shows that there are 11 utterances were used by Alexandra Amasoebrata on the Volix Media Youtube channel that contained code-mixing. 4 data for intra-sentential, 2 data for intra-lexical. The factor found in the data source is 2 data for talking about a particular topic, 1 data for repetition used for clarification, the intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor is 1 data, and being emphatic about something (expressing solidarity) is 1 data.
Keywords: Sociolinguistic, Code-mixing, Youtube
RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT OF P2O5 DETERMINATION METHOD IN PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS AND ITS VALIDATION
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad Aleem , Siddiq Sumreen , Anwar Muhammad Faraz , Affan Quais Muhammad , Hussain Khadim , Ashraf Waqas , Ramzan Hafiz Naveed , Arif Muhammad , Shafqat Muhammad , Shehzadi Memoona , Ashraf Muhammad Saeed 
Published: November 2024

The validation of chemical measurement for Phosphorus determination in fertilizers followed a chain of experimental procedures to ascertain the performance characteristic (PC), connecting Precision, accuracy, reproducibility, recovery, linearity, limit of detection and of quantification. Performance characteristics are accomplished to ensure that analytical method fits the purpose of particular testing. This method was conducted in three stages those were preparation, testing and data processing. The standard test method for determination of P2O5 content in fertilizers used for regulatory purpose is somewhat lengthy and time taking. A modification was done to the standard method to create a more efficient approach that meets validation criteria and is suitable for analyzing advisory fertilizer samples. During the year 2023-24, comprehensive research and development activity were carried out at Soil and Water Testing Laboratory (SWTL) for Research, Faisalabad and analytical data was generated. The obtained results were processed statistically and compared with the acceptance requirements. The coefficient of determination (R2), precision and accuracy/recovery percentage respectively were 0.9996, 0.3-1.10% and 98.01-102.34%, while LOD and LOQ were 0.84 and 2.25%. Based on the results the study concluded that the modified test method applied to determine P2O5was appropriate for its intended use based on the acceptance criteria of performance characteristics set forth in the validation protocol and can be applied as routine method at laboratory.