bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of multi-day learning and savings in sensorimotor adaptation
Authors: Ruitenberg M. F. L. , Koppelmans V. , De Dios Y. E. , Gadd N. E. , Wood S. J. , Reuter-Lorenz P. A. , Kofman I. , Bloomberg J. J. , Mulavara A. P. , Seidler R. D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the present study we evaluated changes in neural activation that occur over the time course of multiple days of sensorimotor adaptation, and identified individual neural predictors of adaptation and savings magnitude. We collected functional MRI data while participants performed a manual adaptation task during four separate test sessions over a three-month period. This allowed us to examine changes in activation and associations with adaptation and savings at subsequent sessions. Participants exhibited reliable savings of adaptation across the four sessions. Brain activity associated with early adaptation increased across the sessions in a variety of frontal, parietal, cingulate, and temporal cortical areas, as well as various subcortical areas. We found that savings was positively associated with activation in several striatal, parietal, and cingulate cortical areas including the putamen, precuneus, angular gyrus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and cingulate motor area. These findings suggest that participants may learn how to better engage cognitive processes across days, potentially reflecting improvements in action selection. We propose that such improvements may rely on action-value assignments, which previously have been linked to the dACC and striatum. As correct movements are assigned a higher value than incorrect movements, the former are more likely to be performed again.
MyD88 signaling causes autoimmune sialadenitis through formation of high endothelial venules and upregulation of LTβ receptor-mediated signaling
Authors: Into Takeshi , Niida Shumpei , Shibata Ken-ichiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAutoimmune sialadenitis (AS), chronic inflammation of the salivary glands (SGs) with focal lymphocyte infiltration, appears in autoimmune diseases such as Sjӧgren’s syndrome. The pathological role of MyD88-dependent innate immune signaling in autoimmune diseases including AS has been studied using mouse models, such as NOD mice. Although AS development in NOD mice was reported to be suppressed byMyd88deficiency, its specific role remains unclear. Here, we determined the potent suppressive effects ofMyd88deficiency on AS development in lupus-prone B6/lprmice, which have lymphoproliferation abnormalities, and also in NOD mice, which have no lymphoproliferation abnormalities. This indicates that MyD88 signaling triggers AS through both lymphoproliferation-dependent and -independent mechanisms. To address the MyD88-dependent lymphoproliferation-independent AS manifestation, SGs from C57BL/6 mice were analyzed. Remarkable upregulation ofGlycam1and high endothelial venule (HEV)-associated changes were unexpectedly found inMyd88+/+mice, compared withMyd88−/−mice. MyD88-dependent HEV-associated changes were also observed in NOD mice. Additionally,Lta,Ltb, andLtbrin SGs of NOD mice were lowered byMyd88deficiency. Interestingly, LTβR-induced HEV-associated gene expression in cultured cells was impaired byMyd88deficiency. Our findings highlight novel roles for MyD88 in AS development, which imply the existence of MyD88-dependent HEV formation in ectopic lymphoid neogenesis.
Synthesis of nanoV3.6Mo2.4O16 and their catalytic activity in the selective oxidation of toluene
Authors: Liu Ying Ying , Xia Huan , Liu Zhao Qing , Liu Zi Li , Zuo Jian Liang 
Published: September 2018

Molybdenum vanadate is a novel vanadate. It is a functional material with good magnetic, electrical and catalytic properties. However, it is rarely used in the selective catalytic oxidation field, while the transition metal molybdenum and vanadium are usually used as a catalytic oxidation catalyst, the complex oxide and salt are naturally concerned. The structure of high‐quality single crystalline Molybdenum vanadate (V3 .6Mo2.4O16) nanorods was synthesised by sol–gel method and high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. The effects of vanadium and molybdenum molar ratio and calcination temperature on the preparation of V3.6Mo2.4O16 were studied. The structure of the catalyst was characterised by X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The experimental results show that the molar ratio of vanadium–molybdenum is 10:7 when the precursor calcination temperature is 540°C, the single crystalline V3.6Mo2.4O16 nanorods with regular shape has been obtained, the diameter of about 200 nm and the length up to tens of micrometres and the surface is smooth. Catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde is used as a probe reaction for nanoV3.6Mo2.4O16. The catalytic activity of the catalyst is good, the conversion of toluene is 39.8% and the selectivity of benzaldehyde is 70.1%.
CORDIC-like method for solving Kepler’s equation
Authors: Zechmeister M. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Many algorithms to solve Kepler’s equations require the evaluation of trigonometric or root functions.
Aims. We present an algorithm to compute the eccentric anomaly and even its cosine and sine terms without usage of other transcendental functions at run-time. With slight modifications it is also applicable for the hyperbolic case.
Methods. Based on the idea of CORDIC, our method requires only additions and multiplications and a short table. The table is independent of eccentricity and can be hardcoded. Its length depends on the desired precision.
Results. The code is short. The convergence is linear for all mean anomalies and eccentricities e (including e = 1). As a stand-alone algorithm, single and double precision is obtained with 29 and 55 iterations, respectively. Half or two-thirds of the iterations can be saved in combination with Newton’s or Halley’s method at the cost of one division.
Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Superficial Femoral Artery (SFA) Characterized with Velocity Ratios using Vector Velocity Ultrasound
Authors: Hansen Peter , Hansen Kristoffer , Pedersen Mads , Lange Theis , Lönn Lars , Jensen Jørgen , Nielsen Michael 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Purpose Atherosclerotic arteries are challenging to evaluate quantitatively using spectral Doppler ultrasound because of the turbulent flow conditions that occur in relation to the atherosclerotic stenoses. Vector velocity ultrasound is angle independent and provides flow information, which could potentially improve the diagnosis of arterial stenoses. The purpose of the study is to distinguish significant stenoses in the superficial femoral artery (> 50% diameter reduction) from non-significant stenoses based on velocity ratios derived from the commercially available vector velocity ultrasound technique Vector Flow Imaging (VFI).
Materials and Methods Velocity ratios (intrastenotic blood flow velocity divided by pre- or poststenotic velocity) from a total of 16 atherosclerotic stenoses and plaques in the superficial femoral artery of 11 patients were obtained using VFI. The stenosis degree, expressed as percentage diameter reduction of the artery, was determined from digital subtraction angiography and compared to the velocity ratios.
Results A velocity ratio of 2.5 was found to distinguish clinically relevant stenoses with>50% diameter reduction from clinically non-relevant stenoses with<50% diameter reduction and the difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion The study indicates that VFI is a potential future tool for the evaluation of arterial stenoses.
Der Substanzkonsum von trans* Personen aus der Minoritätenstressperspektive
Authors: Ott Adrien , Nuñez David 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungViele trans* Personen sind im bedeutenden Maße Stigmatisierung ausgesetzt und weisen neben einer erhöhten psychischen Belastung einen hohen Substanzkonsum auf. Die Minoritätenstresstheorie verbindet Diskriminierungserfahrungen und psychische Gesundheit von stigmatisierten Minderheiten und kann somit als Erklärungsmodell für den hohen Substanzkonsum von trans* Personen dienen. Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Darstellung dieses Zusammenhangs und thematisiert nach einer Einleitung in die trans* Terminologie zunächst den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu Substanzkonsum und Minoritätenstress von trans* Personen. Unter Verwendung der Minoritätenstressperspektive werden schließlich Befunde vorgestellt, welche die Verknüpfung zwischen Stigmatisierung, psychischer Belastung und Substanzkonsum von trans* Personen aufzeigen.
Use of antidepressants in a modern globalized society
Authors: Haslemo T. , Tanum L. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryDepression is a highly prevalent condition throughout the world. Ethnicity is reported to influence treatment outcome with antidepressants in a number of ways, including both cultural and genetic factors. Non-genetic factors such as the type of diet, beliefs about depression and attitudes towards treatment with antidepressants are proposed to directly influence medication adherence and the rate of remission. Genetic factors are mainly expressed through inter-individual variance in drug metabolism and must be born in mind when antidepressants are prescribed in a multi-ethnic society. Recent advances in molecular biology have revealed substantial variance in the Cytochrome-P450 enzyme system, which is considered to be the most important and relevant factor for ethnic variance in the metabolism. This underscores the usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring and individualization of treatment in clinical practice. This paper will briefly review factors related to ethnicity that may be of potential importance for treatment outcome and with a special emphasis on the ethnical diversity of cytochrome P-450 enzyme systems.
Duloxetin
Authors: Volz H.-P. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDuloxetin ist ein selektiver Serotonin- und Noradrenalin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SNRI), der für die Behandlung der Depression, der Generalisierten Angststörung (GAS) und zur Behandlung von Schmerzen bei diabetischer Polyneuropathie bei Erwachsenen zugelassen ist. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird die Evidenzlage zum Einsatz dieser Substanz bei den beiden psychiatrischen Indikationen zusammenfassend dargestellt. Neben besonderer Berücksichtigung der Metaanalysen wird auch auf neue Daten zur Wirksamkeit von Duloxetin bei der Rezidivprophylaxe rezidivierender depressiver Störungen und im Rahmen von Schmerzen bei Depressionen und GAS eingegangen.
Nationale und Europäische Programme zur Prävention von Suizidalität
Authors: Kocalevent R.-D. , Hegerl U. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Anzahl der Suizide gilt als wichtiger Parameter für die Bevölkerungsgesundheit. Suizide und Suizidversuche geschehen mehrheitlich vor dem Hintergrund einer depressiven Erkrankung, die häufig nicht ausreichend behandelt wurde. Ein wichtiges Element von Suizidpräventionsprogrammen sind daher Interventionen mit dem Ziel, die Versorgung depressiv Erkrankter zu verbessern. Seit etwa zehn Jahren gibt es in Deutschland suizidpräventive Programme. Aufbauend auf dem BMBF-geförderten Modellprojekt Nürnberger Bündnis gegen Depression und dessen erfolgreich evaluierten 4-Ebenen-Interventionsansatzes wurden unter dem Dach des Deutschen Bündnis gegen Depression bereits 58 regionale Bündnisse gegen Depression gestartet. Das Deutsche Bündnis gegen Depression kooperiert mit dem Nationalen Suizidpräventionsprogramm, im Rahmen dessen zahlreiche Aktivitäten initiiert werden. Über das EU-geförderte Projekt European Alliance against Depression wurde das in Nürnberg entwickelte Modell inzwischen von zahlreichen Regionen in 17 europäischen Ländern übernommen und weiterentwickelt. Zurzeit erfolgt eine erneute Evaluation und Optimierung im Rahmen des im 7. Rahmenprogramms der EU gefördert Suizidpräventionsprogramm OSPI (Oprimized Suizide Preventing Programmes and their Implementation in Europe).
European Pact for Mental Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Braddick F. , Gabilondo A. , McDaid D. , Lang G. , O’Sullivan C. , Wahlbeck K. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryMental health is crucial for public health and prosperity. Yet, mental health was first brought to the EU agenda only in late 1990s. To put mental health firmly on the political agenda, the focus was placed on the positive mental health at a population level. The European Pact for Mental Health and Wellbeing is the most recent mental health policy initiative of the European Commission. It aims at promotion of mental health and prevention of mental disorders, by putting emphasis on five priority areas: prevention of depression and suicide; youth and education; workplace settings; older people; and combating stigma and social exclusion. The Pact calls for co-operation between the EU Member States and the Commission, to identify best practices to tackle the problems in the priority areas and to develop recommendations and action plans. The Pact is currently being implemented by a series of conferences on the priority areas. The European Parliament called for a European Strategy on Mental Health in 2009, but it is unclear whether there is sufficient support for a strategy level document in the Member States and Commission. The implementation process is however expected to culminate in an overall reference framework for promoting mental capital during the Hungarian EU Presidency in 2011. Irrespective of the final outcome, the ongoing process has already increased awareness in Europe of the need for actions to promote mental health.
Weight gain as a consequence of treatment with antipsychotics
Authors: Musil R. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWeight gain is a common adverse event following treatment with antipsychotics. Further negative consequences of weight gain are a higher risk for metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular events. All antipsychotics bear this risk for antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG), although to a vastly different extent. Interindividual differences are due to clinical and genetic risk factors such as younger age and lower initial body mass index. The mechanisms of AIWG are not fully understood, although they appear to involve a complex dysregulation and alteration within the control centres for hunger and satiety in the hypothalamus and in peripheral tissue. Through identification of patients at risk for AIWG, close monitoring as proposed by guidelines, as well as additional preventive measures early in the course of treatment such as lifestyle interventions, weight gain can be limited. This may help to ameliorate the metabolic situation of psychiatric patients and eventually improve their overall morbidity.
ADHS im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Paucke M. , Strauß M. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter ist eine häufige psychiatrische Erkrankung, welche bereits im Kindesalter beginnt und bei 40–60% der Betroffenen auch im Erwachsenenalter persistiert. Neben den Kernsymptomen Aufmerksamkeitsstörung, Hyperaktivität und Impulsivität treten bei erwachsenen Betroffenen zusätzlich weitere psychische Symptome wie emotionale Dysregulation, Desorganisation und Schlafstörungen auf. Letztere können sowohl ADHS-assoziiert, als auch im Kontext psychiatrischer Komorbiditäten auftreten und führen nicht selten in unterschiedlichen Lebensbereichen zu schwerwiegenden Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen. Die folgende Arbeit soll einen Überblick über das diagnostische Vorgehen und die therapeutischen Optionen für adulte ADHS Patienten geben.
Pregabalin
Authors: Volz H.-P. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungPregabalin ist seit 2006 für die Behandlung der Generalisierten Angststörung (GAS) zugelassen, daneben auch für die Therapie peripherer und zentraler neuropathischer Schmerzen und als Zusatztherapie partieller epileptischer Anfälle. Die Substanz bindet selektiv an die α2δ-Subeinheit des spannungsabhängigen Kalziumkanals, hierdurch wird, sollte sich das System in einem Hyperexzitationszustand befinden, die Freisetzung von Glutamat, Substanz P, Kalzitonin Gen-gesteuerten Peptiden und monoaminergen Transmittern reduziert. Pregabalin wird nahezu nicht metabolisiert und fast ausschließlich unverändert renal eliminiert. Im Bereich der GAS liegen insgesamt sieben Akut- und eine Langzeitstudie vor. In den Akutstudien zeigte sich die Substanz in einem Dosisbereich von 150 bis 600 mg/die Placebo überlegen, wobei die Wirksamkeit ebenso schnell wie unter Benzodiazepinen und schneller als unter Venlafaxin einsetzt. An Nebenwirkungen (dosisabhängig) sind, besonders zu Anfang der Behandlung, Schläfrigkeit und Benommenheit zu nennen. In einer placebokontrollierten Langzeitstudie konnte die Wirksamkeit der Substanz über 6 Monate nach einer erfolgreichen Akutbehandlung gezeigt werden. Somit steht mit Pregabalin eine gut und schnell wirkende Therapieoption mit einem günstigen Nebenwirkungsprofil zur Verfügung.
Improving physical health of people with schizophrenia
Authors: Dragomirecká E. , Kitzlerová E. , Hynková T. , Motlová L. Bankovská 
Published: September 2018

SummarySchizophrenia is connected with increased frequency of physical illness and reduced life expectancy compared to general population. Life-style factors, social adversity, poor health knowledge, symptoms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, treatment effects and stigma are involved. There is evidence that patients recognize the problem, accept interventions when offered, and comply with medical advice. Wellness programmes (specific healthcare programmes) promote healthy lifestyle, screen potential risk factors, prevent social isolation and promote destigmatization.
Konzept eines modularen, sektorübergreifenden Versorgungs- und Vergütungsmodells für die bedarfsorientierte Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen als Alternative zu PEPP
Authors: von Brederode M. , Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E. , Hionsek D. , Janssen B. , Thewes S. , Wenzel-Jankowski M. , Zielasek J. , Gaebel W. 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ausgangslage: Für den Bereich der psychischen Störungen wird ein innovatives Versorgungsmodell zur bedarfsorientierten Behandlung psychischer Erkrankungen (BBPE) vorgestellt, das aus den Kernelementen eines die Versorgung steuernden und koordinierenden Fall-managements, einem die stationäre und ambulante Versorgung integrierenden Community Mental Health Center und leitlinienorientierten Diagnostik- und Behandlungsmodulen besteht. Damit stellt dieses Versorgungsmodell auch eine mögliche Alternative zum derzeit in Entwicklung befindlichen neuen Entgeltsystem für die psychiatrisch-psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutische (PEPP) Versorgung dar. Methodik: Der Gesetzgeber hat über den § 64b SGB V die Voraussetzungen geschaffen, solche innovativen Ansätze im geschützten Rahmen eines Modellvorhabens zwischen Leistungsanbieter und Kostenträger im „Echtbetrieb“ erproben zu können. Innerhalb eines solchen Modellvorhabens bietet es sich an, in einer ersten Entwicklungsstufe die stationären, tagesklinischen und ambulanten Tätigkeiten einer psychiatrischen Klinik in einem Versorgungsbudget zusammenzufassen und die Leistungserbringung und Abrechnung über Behandlungsmodule abzubilden. Diese sind beispielhaft leitlinienbasiert für von einer Schizophrenie Betroffene entwickelt. Ziel: Ziel ist es, die Ergebnisse wissenschaftlich zu evaluieren, um die Grundlagen für eine Ausweitung des Modells auf andere psychische Störungen und eine Implementierung in anderen Regionen zu legen
A Modified Surgical Technique for Minimally Invasive Arthroscopic Total Wrist Fusion
Authors: Nazerani Shahram , Nazerani Tina , Molayem Alireza , Keramati Mohammad 
Published: September 2018

Background Arthroscopic total wrist arthrodesis is a procedure with minimal violation of extensor compartments and less scar formation, compared with open wrist arthrodesis. In this paper, we would like to present our experience with a modified surgical technique for arthroscopic total wrist arthrodesis.
Description of Technique After an arthroscopic cartilage removal through radiocarpal and midcarpal portals, the operation is continued under fluoroscopic control. In this technique, four wires are inserted separately in four various directions (as described in the paper), followed by insertion of self-tapping cannulated screw, under fluoroscopic control.
Patients and Methods In this prospective study, a total of four patients underwent arthroscopic total wrist arthrodesis using our surgical technique within a period of 2 years. All four patients were followed for a minimum of 3 months for possible complications and functional outcome.
Results The results were satisfactory, and no complication was observed. All the patients had complete union after 12 weeks, and the fusion was radiographically complete in all cases by 12 weeks. All patients were happy with their functional outcomes.
Conclusion Using the described modified arthroscopic technique, we did four total wrist arthrodeses with minimal scar, no complication and acceptable functional results.
Comparison of Knee Kinematics and Kinetics during Stair Ascent in Single-Radius and Multiradius Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sumner Bonnie , McCamley John D. , Jacofsky David J. , Jacofsky Marc C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTraditionally total knee arthroplasty (TKA) design has been based on theories of the movement of the healthy knee joint. Currently, there are two competing theories on the flexion/extension axis of rotation of the knee with disparate radii of rotation, and thus differing movement patterns. The purpose of our study was to compare stair ascent kinematics and kinetics of single-radius (SR) and multiradius (MR) TKA subjects. We hypothesized that the knee kinematics and kinetics of SR TKA patients would more closely replicate healthy age matched controls during stair ascent than MR TKA patients, 1 year after TKA. Both patient groups had large improvements in biomechanical and clinical outcome measures following surgical intervention. However, the SR knee design performs closer to healthy controls than MR knees during stair ascent, supporting results that have been previously obtained for level walking. SR TKA subjects demonstrated reduced power production and sagittal moment compared with controls, albeit more than MR TKA subjects. This study demonstrates that patients who receive SR TKA have kinematics more closely aligned to normal patterns postoperatively than those who received an MR TKA. The power production and sagittal moment of the healthy controls most closely match previously published values of younger adults, SR TKA group most closely matches older adults, while the MR TKA group has lower power production and sagittal moments than either previously published age group. This strongly suggests that the biomechanical differences found in this study are evidence of functional deficiencies. Further research is needed to determine how these deficiencies progress with patient aging.
Immediate Implant Placement: Success or Failure?
Authors: Nirola Ashutosh , Bhardwat Shallu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEdentulism is most often the result of repeated tooth extraction from combined pathological process and/or dental trauma. Dental implants have emerged to be a highly successful and predictable treatment modality for replacement of missing teeth. Dental implants are the devices that are surgically inserted into the jaw bone to support a single prosthetic tooth and serve as abutments or as cosmetic replacements for missing teeth. Timing of implant placement following tooth removal may be important and this concept has challenged the original treatment protocol. This article aims to present two case reports of immediate placement of implant.