bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular Safety of the Selective μ-Opioid Receptor Antagonist Naloxegol: A Novel Therapy for Opioid-Induced Constipation
Authors: White William B. , Kowey Peter , Diva Ulysses , Sostek Mark , Tummala Raj 
Published: March 2018

Background: Naloxegol is a novel selective, peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonist for treating opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients with chronic pain syndromes. We analyzed the cardiovascular (CV) safety of naloxegol based on data from its development program prior to approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2015. Methods: Comprehensive CV safety analyses were performed in 4 clinical studies of naloxegol (12.5 and/or 25 mg) in patients with noncancer pain and OIC: two 12-week, double-blind, randomized studies; a 12-week, double-blind, extension study; and a 52-week, randomized, open-label study versus usual care. Evaluations of baseline CV risk were obtained from medical histories and clinical findings at the time of study initiation. Results: Across the 4 studies (N = 2135), 68% of patients had ≥1 CV risk factor and 41% had a history of CV disease, diabetes, or ≥2 other CV risk factors. There were no increases in blood pressure, heart rate, or the rate-pressure product with naloxegol versus placebo. The rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) per 100 patient-years of exposure were 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-2.89) for placebo/usual care and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.24-1.75) for naloxegol. The relative risk of MACE for all doses of naloxegol versus placebo was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.14-3.36). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that naloxegol has a CV safety profile comparable to placebo/usual care in patients with OIC. Although the observed number of events was low, the data show no CV signal in patients with OIC treated with naloxegol.
Through the Eyes of the User: Evaluating Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Design
Authors: Denham Megan E. , Bushehri Yousef , Lim Lisa 
Published: March 2018

Objective: This article presents a pilot study that employed a user-centered methodology for evaluating and quantifying neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) designs based on the needs of the primary users. Background: The design of NICUs has begun to shift from open-bay to single-family rooms. Both designs present unique advantages and challenges that impact babies, families, and caregivers. Methods: One NICU design was analyzed using the functional scenario (FS) analysis method. For the FS, users’ needs were determined through literature review, interviews with NICU providers and parents, and a review of published design guidelines. Quantitative metrics were developed for each FS, so that characteristics of the NICU design could be analyzed to determine how successful they were in meeting the users’ needs. The results were graphically represented to visualize the success and considerations of the design. Results: A total of 23 FSs and 61 spatial metrics were developed. FSs for babies focused on infection prevention, minimizing exposure to environmental stimuli, and supporting enriching care activities. FSs for family members focused on direct access to the baby, and privacy and adequate space for daily activities. FSs for providers and caregivers focused on infection prevention, care activities, care zones, and visibility. Conclusion: Using an FS approach highlights design characteristics in the NICU that need to be addressed during the design process to more successfully meet the needs of the different users. Additionally, using this approach can inform design professionals’ decision-making by presenting them with the design characteristics that impact the needs of the user groups.
Improving the safety and tolerability of local anaesthetic outpatient transperineal prostate biopsies: A pilot study of the CAMbridge PROstate Biopsy (CAMPROBE) method
Authors: Thurtle D , Starling L , Leonard K , Stone T , Gnanapragasam VJ 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to pilot the use of a bespoke device (CAMPROBE, the CAMbridge PROstate Biopsy) to enable routine outpatient free-hand local anaesthetic (LA) transperineal prostate biopsies. Materials and methods: The CAMPROBE prototype was designed and built in our institution. Men on active surveillance due prostate resampling were invited to have a CAMPROBE biopsy as an alternative to repeat transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies (TRUSBx) as part of an approved trial (NCT02375035). Biopsies were performed using LA infiltration only, without sedation or additional analgesia. Patient-reported outcomes were recorded at day 0 and 7 using validated questionnaires and visual analogue scales (VAS). Complications were recorded prospectively. Results: Thirty men underwent biopsies with a median of 11 cores taken per procedure (interquartile range 10–12). There were no infections, sepsis or retention episodes. Haematuria and haematospermia occurred in 67% and 62% of patients, which are similar to rates reported for TRUSBx. Mean VAS for pain (0–10 scale) was less than 3 for every part of the procedure. All 30 men described the procedure as tolerable under LA. In total, 26/30 (86.7%) men expressed a preference for a CAMPROBE procedure over TRUSBx and a further 3 (10.0%) would have either. Conclusions: In this small pilot study, the CAMPROBE device and method appears to be a safe, simple and well-tolerated out-patient transperineal replacement for TRUSBx. A major new National Institute for Health Research grant will allow its further development from a prototype to a single use, low-cost disposable device ready for multi-centre testing. Level of evidence: 1b: individual cohort study.
MRI findings of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in a cat
Authors: White Crystal , Mortier Jeremy , Verin Ranieri , Maddox Thomas , Goncalves Rita , Sanchez-Masian Daniel 
Published: March 2018

Case summary A 2-year-old male domestic shorthair cat presented to the University of Liverpool Small Animal Teaching Hospital with a 2 week history of altered mentation, blindness and focal epileptic seizures. MRI examination revealed generalised cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, diffuse T2-weighted hyperintensity of the white matter and meningeal thickening. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis was confirmed on post-mortem examination. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of the MRI findings of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in a cat.
Circulating Tumor DNA Analysis in Patients With Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology and College of American Pathologists Joint Review
Authors: Merker Jason D. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. , Compton Carolyn , Diehn Maximilian , Hurley Patricia , Lazar Alexander J. , Lindeman Neal , Lockwood Christina M. , Rai Alex J. , Schilsky Richard L. , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Vasalos Patricia , Billman Brooke L. , Oliver Thomas K. , Bruinooge Suanna S. , Hayes Daniel F. , Turner Nicholas C. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose Clinical use of analytical tests to assess genomic variants in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is increasing. This joint review from ASCO and the College of American Pathologists summarizes current information about clinical ctDNA assays and provides a framework for future research. Methods An Expert Panel conducted a literature review on the use of ctDNA assays for solid tumors, including pre-analytical variables, analytical validity, interpretation and reporting, and clinical validity and utility. Results The literature search identified 1,338 references. Of those, 390, plus 31 references supplied by the Expert Panel, were selected for full-text review. There were 77 articles selected for inclusion. Conclusion The evidence indicates that testing for ctDNA is optimally performed on plasma collected in cell stabilization or EDTA tubes, with EDTA tubes processed within 6 hours of collection. Some ctDNA assays have demonstrated clinical validity and utility with certain types of advanced cancer; however, there is insufficient evidence of clinical validity and utility for the majority of ctDNA assays in advanced cancer. Evidence shows discordance between the results of ctDNA assays and genotyping tumor specimens and supports tumor tissue genotyping to confirm undetected results from ctDNA tests. There is no evidence of clinical utility and little evidence of clinical validity of ctDNA assays in early-stage cancer, treatment monitoring, or residual disease detection. There is no evidence of clinical validity and clinical utility to suggest that ctDNA assays are useful for cancer screening, outside of a clinical trial. Given the rapid pace of research, re-evaluation of the literature will shortly be required, along with the development of tools and guidance for clinical practice.
Chiral Recognition of Anions by Fluorescence Tetraamide-Based Receptors Bearing Hydroxy Groups from l-Serine and l-Threonine Residues
Authors: Kondo Shin-ichi , Sato Keisuke , Matsuta Yuka , Osawa Kohei 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Chiral recognition abilities of tetraamide-based receptors 1 and 2 bearing l-serine and l-threonine as recognition sites, respectively, and terminal pyrenyl groups as signaling units for enantiomers of biologically important N-acetyl amino acid tetrabutylammonium salts were studied in acetonitrile. The receptors showed ratiometric fluorescence changes upon the addition of chiral guest anions. The binding constants for amino acid derivatives were in the 104–105 mol−1 dm3 range. The chiral discrimination abilities (K11,D/K11,L) of 1 and 2 were significantly large, for instance K11,D/K11,L for Ac-Leu-O− were found to be 3.9 and 4.6, respectively. The complex structures were evaluated by 1H NMR titrations and DFT calculations implying that the effective hydrogen bond formations by six N-H and O-H groups and a CH-π interaction of the acetyl group of d-enantiomer with a terminal pyrenyl group of the receptor.
Case Report: Complex ureteral stenosis treated with ileal substitution
Authors: Catarino Raquel , Cardoso André , Ferreira Carlos , Pereira Diogo , Correia Tiago , Cerqueira Manuel , Carmo Reis Frederico , Prisco Rui 
Published: March 2018

Ileal substitution of the ureter is a complex procedure, considered a surgery of the last resort in ureteral repair and is useful in the presence of an extensive ureteral stricture. It is indicated in cases of long or multiple ureteral stenosis. There are few large studies in the literature reporting the outcome of this procedure. We present a case report of a patient with long ureteral stenosis surgically treated with ileal substitution of the right ureter, with an isoperistaltic ileal segment of 22 cm, with no detubularization. The patient had no perioperative complications and presented normal renal function. Currently, after 20 months of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic, presents no urinary infections, no relapse of stenosis and has preserved renal function. In conclusion, ileal substitution of the ureter is a surgical technique that should be considered in cases of long, proximal or multiple ureteral stenosis, when there is no other surgical option.
Significance of intra-operative blood pressure data resolution: A retrospective, observational study
Authors: Packiasabapathy Senthil , Susheela Ammu T. , Mujica Fernando , Subramaniam Balachundhar 
Published: March 2018

Background: With evolving techniques for analysis of blood pressure (BP) variability, the importance of sampling resolution for intra-operative BP still remains to be examined. This study aims at comparing BP data with beat-by-beat vs. 15 second resolution. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of intra-arterial BP data obtained from cardiac surgical patients from the intra-operative period. Data was collected from two sources for each patient, one with beat-by-beat frequency, other at a frequency of once every 15 seconds. The fraction of time and area under the curve beyond systolic BP thresholds of 95 – 135 mmHg were calculated using data from both sources, for each patient. These were compared using Wilcoxon ranked sum test for paired samples using R-statistics version 3.4.3. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) between the parameters from the two sources. This was especially true for parameters below and outside the thresholds. Only time fraction showed significant difference above the 135 mmHg threshold. Conclusion: Our preliminary analysis shows a definitive difference between BP descriptors, depending on sampling resolution. But the impact of this difference on the outcome predicting models of the parameters stands to be ascertained. Future larger studies, powered to examine the impact of sampling resolution on outcome predictive ability of BP descriptors, with special emphasis on dynamic markers of complexity are warranted.
The systematic approach to improving care for Frail Older Patients (SAFE) study: A protocol for co-designing a frail older person’s pathway
Authors: Ní Shé Éidín , McCarthy Mary , O'Donnell Deirdre , Collins Orla , Hughes Graham , Salter Nigel , Cogan Lisa , O'Donoghue Coailfhionn , McGrath Emmet , O'Donovan John , Patton Andrew , McAuliffe Eilish , O'Shea Diarmuid , Cooney Marie Therese 
Published: March 2018

Background: Frailty is the age-accelerated decline across multiple organ systems which leads to vulnerability to poor resolution of homeostasis after a stressor event. This loss of reserve means that a minor illness can result in a disproportionate loss of functional ability. Improving acute care for frail older patients is now a national priority and an important aspect of the National Programme for Older People in Ireland. Evidence suggests that an interdisciplinary approach incorporating rapid comprehensive geriatric assessment and early intervention by an interdisciplinary team can reduces susceptibility to hospitalisation related functional decline. The aim of the Systematic Approach to Improving Care for Frail Older Patients (SAFE) is to develop and explore the process of implementing a model of excellence in the delivery of patient-centred integrated care within the context of frail older people’s acute admissions. Methods: The SAFE study will employ a mixed methodology approach, including a rapid realist review of the current literature alongside a review of baseline data for older people attending the emergency department. Semi-structured interviews will be undertaken to document the current pathway. The intervention processes and outcomes will be jointly co-designed by a patient and public involvement (PPI) group together with the interdisciplinary healthcare professionals from hospital, community and rehabilitation settings. Successive rounds of Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles will then be undertaken to test and refine the pathway for full implementation. Discussion: This research project will result in a plan for implementing an integrated, patient-centred pathway for acute care of the frail older people which has been tested in the Irish setting. During the process of development, each element of the new pathway will be tested in turn to ensure that patient centred outcomes are being realised. This will ensure the resulting model of care is ready for implementation in the context of the Irish health service.
ANÁLISE DE CRESCIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE Eucalyptus urocan SOB DÉFICIT HÍDRICO E DOSES DE SILÍCIO
Authors: Carneiro Custódio Ivan , Felício Ricardo , Souza Nascente Alainy Carla , Gomes de Freitas Santos Priscilla , Souza da Silveira Patrícia , Santos Matos Fábio 
Published: March 2018

O objetivo com o presente estudo foi identificar o efeito da adubação silicatada no crescimento de plantas de Eucalyptus urocam sob déficit hídrico. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação coberta com plástico transparente e laterais de sombrite com 50% de interceptação da radiação solar sobre bancada no campo experimental da Universidade Estadual de Goiás. As mudas foram transplantadas em vasos de doze litros contendo uma mistura de solo, areia e esterco na proporção de 3:1:0,5, respectivamente. Seguiu o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (50 e 100% de água equivalente a evapotranspiração diária e aplicação de Silício foliar na concentração de 0 e 1 g L-1) seis repetições. As doses de Si utilizadas não apresentaram interação com o déficit hídrico. Os Eucalyptus urocam não são acumuladoras de Si e a adubação silicatada não interferiu no crescimento vegetativo e relações hídricas desta espécie de Eucalipto. As plantas de Eucalyptus urocam apresentam como estratégia de tolerância a seca a maximização da absorção e minimização da perda de água pela maior alocação de biomassa para o sistema radicular e redução da transpiração e, soma-se a isto as alterações nas concentrações foliares de pigmentos fotossintéticos como mecanismo de fotoproteção.
A novel organ culture model of a joint for the evaluation of static and dynamic load on articular cartilage
Authors: Lin Y-C. , Hall A. C. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: March 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study was to create a novel ex vivo organ culture model for evaluating the effects of static and dynamic load on cartilage. Methods The metatarsophalangeal joints of 12 fresh cadaveric bovine feet were skinned and dissected aseptically, and cultured for up to four weeks. Dynamic movement was applied using a custom-made machine on six joints, with the others cultured under static conditions. Chondrocyte viability and matrix glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were evaluated by the cell viability probes, 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) and propidium iodide (PI), and dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay, respectively. Results Chondrocyte viability in the static model decreased significantly from 89.9% (sd 2.5%) (Day 0) to 66.5% (sd 13.1%) (Day 28), 94.7% (sd 1.1%) to 80. 9% (sd 5.8%) and 80.1% (sd 3.0%) to 46.9% (sd 8.5%) in the superficial quarter, central half and deep quarter of cartilage, respectively (p < 0.001 in each zone; one-way analysis of variance). The GAG content decreased significantly from 6.01 μg/mg (sd 0.06) (Day 0) to 4.71 μg/mg (sd 0.06) (Day 28) (p < 0.001; one-way analysis of variance). However, with dynamic movement, chondrocyte viability and GAG content were maintained at the Day 0 level over the four-week period without a significant change (chondrocyte viability: 92.0% (sd 4.0%) (Day 0) to 89.9% (sd 0.2%) (Day 28), 93.1% (sd 1.5%) to 93.8% (sd 0.9%) and 85.6% (sd 0.8%) to 84.0% (sd 2.9%) in the three corresponding zones; GAG content: 6.18 μg/mg (sd 0.15) (Day 0) to 6.06 μg/mg (sd 0.09) (Day 28)). Conclusion Dynamic joint movement maintained chondrocyte viability and cartilage GAG content. This long-term whole joint culture model could be of value in providing a more natural and controlled platform for investigating the influence of joint movement on articular cartilage, and for evaluating novel therapies for cartilage repair. Cite this article: Y-C. Lin, A. C. Hall, A. H. R. W. Simpson. A novel organ culture model of a joint for the evaluation of static and dynamic load on articular cartilage. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:205–212. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.73.BJR-2017-0320.
Bioactivities and analysis of peptides from Sumbawa horse milk generated by Bacillus thuringiensis protease
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Eni , Widiastuti R. , Kusumaningrum H. D. , Suhartono M. T. 
Published: March 2018

<p class="abstrak2">Sumbawa horse milk is claimed to cure some diseases such as asthma, hypertension, diabetes and gastrointestinal disorder but its potential bioactive peptide has not been explored. The aims of this study are to evaluate bioactivities peptides from Sumbawa horse milk protein hydrolysate and to analyzethe physio-chemical properties of selected peptides. The milk protein was hydrolyzed by Bacillus thuringiensis protease, the peptide produced were sequential fractionated and then analyzed for antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The peptide fraction &lt;3 kDa was then sequenced using LCMS-MS and the physio-chemical properties of the peptides were analyzed. The result showed that peptides fraction &lt;3 kDa from the 30 min hydrolysis was the most active as antibacterial and more active to Gram negative bacteria. For antioxidant, scavenging activity of the fraction per µg protein/mL were 83% to ABTS and 31% to DPPH radicals. The values were similar with vitamin C 12.5 µg/mL for ABTS and 14.5 µg/mL for DPPH. Peptide <tt>HPYFYAPELLYYANK with molecular weight prediction </tt>1887.92 Da and isoelectric point 7.47 has high therapeutic index prediction (64.75). The result showed that peptides from Sumbawa horse milk hydrolyzed by Bacillus thuringiensis protease was active as antibacterial and antioxidant. Peptide <tt>HPYFYAPELLYYANK from fraction &lt;3 kDa was potential as antibacterial.</tt></p><p><strong>Key Words:</strong> <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>, Bioactive Peptide, Horse Milk</p>
Genetic polymorphisms of IGF1, GH, and OPN genes in crosses Peranakan Ongole cattle based on birth type in Central Java
Authors: Anggraeni Anneke , Talib Chalid , Asmarasari Santi Ananda , Herawati Tati , Andreas Erik 
Published: March 2018

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Genetic Polymorphisms of IGF1, GH, and OPN Genes in Crossbred of Peranakan Ongole Cattle Based on Birth Type in Central Java. Improved productivity by crossing Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle to exotic beef cattle through AI mating is preferred by many farmers in Central Java. Fertility determines the ability of a cow to give birth. IGF1 gene is predicted to affect either twin or multiple births in cattle, whereas GH and OPN genes determine reproductive fertility. Genetic polymorphisms of these three genes were studied in the crossbred of PO cattle for single birth (S) as well as twin and multiple (M) births or their historical (M) ones from two districts in Central Java, from Sragen (S = 7 hd and M = 13 hd.) and from Kendal (S = 9 hd, and M = 16 hd.). Genetic polymorphisms were identified by PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism) method using restriction enzymes of <em>Sna</em>BI (IGF1 gene), <em>MSp</em>I (GH gene), and <em>Bsr</em>I (OPN gene). IGF1|<em>Sna</em>BI locus in the observed crossbred PO did not have SNP polymorphism or monomorphic for single and twins or multiple births. In contrast, GH|<em>MSp</em>I and OPN|<em>Bsr</em>I loci were polymorphic with quite a high degree of diversity. In conclusion, the IGF1|<em>Sna</em>BI<em> </em>locus cannot be used to investigate possible genetic control of twins and multiple births, whilst GH|<em>MSp</em>I and OPN|<em>Bsr</em>I polymorphisms can be considered as initial information for selection on fertility traits in beef cattle.</p>