bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Amphiphobic Hydraulic Triboelectric Nanogenerator for a Self‐Cleaning and Self‐Charging Power System
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liang Qijie , Liao Qingliang , Ma Mingyuan , Gao Fangfang , Zhao Xuan , Song Yiding , Song Lijuan , Xun Xiaochen , Zhang Yue 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRaindrop falling, which is one kind of water motions, contains large amount of mechanical energy. However, harvesting energy from the falling raindrop to drive electronics continuously is not commonly investigated. Therefore, a self‐cleaning/charging power system (SPS) is reported, which can be exploited to convert and store energy from falling raindrop directly for providing a stable and durable output. The SPS consists of a hydraulic triboelectric nanogenerator (H‐TENG) and several embedded fiber supercapacitors. The surface of H‐TENG is amphiphobic, enabling the SPS self‐cleaning. The fiber supercapacitor which uses α‐Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide composite possesses remarkable specific capacitance, excellent electrical stability, and high flexibility. These properties of the fiber supercapacitor make it suitable for a wearable power system. A power raincoat based on the SPS is demonstrated as application. After showering by water flow, which simulates falling raindrops, for 100 s, the power raincoat achieves an open‐circuit voltage of 4 V and lights a light‐emitting diode for more than 300 s. With features of low cost, easy installation, and good flexibility, the SPS harvesting energy from the falling raindrop renders as a promising sustainable power source for wearable and portable electronics.
Tunable Low Loss 1D Surface Plasmons in InAs Nanowires
Authors: Zhou Yixi , Chen Runkun , Wang Jingyun , Huang Yisheng , Li Ming , Xing Yingjie , Duan Jiahua , Chen Jianjun , Farrell James D. , Xu H. Q. , Chen Jianing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDue to the ability to manipulate photons at nanoscale, plasmonics has become one of the most important branches in nanophotonics. The prerequisites for the technological application of plasmons include high confining ability (λ0/λp), low damping, and easy tunability. However, plasmons in typical plasmonic materials, i.e., noble metals, cannot satisfy these three requirements simultaneously and cause a disconnection to modern electronics. Here, the indium arsenide (InAs) nanowire is identified as a material that satisfies all the three prerequisites, providing a natural analogy with modern electronics. The dispersion relation of InAs plasmons is determined using the nanoinfrared imaging technique, and show that their associated wavelengths and damping ratio can be tuned by altering the nanowire diameter and dielectric environment. The InAs plasmons possess advantages such as high confining ability, low loss, and ease of fabrication. The observation of InAs plasmons could enable novel plasmonic circuits for future subwavelength applications.
Regioselective Radical Ring Closure of Tertiary Enamides to the Synthesis of Trifluoroethyl‐containing N‐Acyl Isoindoline and N‐Acyl Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Yu Hui , Jiao Mingdong , Fang Xiaowei , Xuan Pengfei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe regioselectivity of radical addition and cyclization reaction of tertiary enamides between 5‐membered benzoyl group and 5/6/7‐membered benzyl group ring closure was investigated, and trifluoroethyl ‐containing N‐Acyl isoindolines, N‐acyl tetrahydro‐isoquinolines, and N‐benzoyl tetrahydro‐1H‐benzo[c]azepine were obtained in moderate to good yields with high atom economy. Possible reaction pathway for the formation of the products was also discussed in this paper.magnified image
Phylogeny and diversification history of the large Neotropical genus Philodendron (Araceae): Accelerated speciation in a lineage dominated by epiphytes
Authors: Canal Dubán , Köster Nils , Jones Katy E. , Korotkova Nadja , Croat Thomas B. , Borsch Thomas 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyPhilodendron is a large genus of ~560 species and among the most conspicuous epiphytic components of Neotropical forests, yet its phylogenetic relationships, timing of divergence, and diversification history have remained unclear. We present a comprehensive phylogenetic study for Philodendron and investigate its diversification, including divergence‐time estimates and diversification rate shift analyses.MethodsWe performed the largest phylogenetic reconstruction for Philodendron to date, including 125 taxa with a combined dataset of three plastid regions (petD, rpl16, and trnK/matK). We estimated divergence times using Bayesian evolutionary analysis sampling trees and inferred shifts in diversification rates using Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures.Key ResultsWe found that Philodendron, its three subgenera, and the closely related genus Adelonema are monophyletic. Within Philodendron subgenus Philodendron, 12 statistically well‐supported clades are recognized. The genus Philodendron originated ~25 mya and a diversification rate upshift was detected at the origin of subgenus Philodendron ~12 mya.ConclusionsPhilodendron is a species‐rich Neotropical lineage that diverged from Adelonema during the late Oligocene. Within Philodendron, the three subgenera currently accepted are recovered in two lineages: one contains the subgenera Meconostigma and Pteromischum and the other contains subgenus Philodendron. The lineage containing subgenera Meconostigma and Pteromischum underwent a consistent diversification rate. By contrast, a diversification rate upshift occurred within subgenus Philodendron ~12 mya. This diversification rate upshift is associated with the species radiation of the most speciose subgenus within Philodendron. The sections accepted within subgenus Philodendron are not congruent with the clades recovered. Instead, the clades are geographically defined.
Submicron Inverse Pickering Emulsions for Highly Efficient and Recyclable Enzymatic Catalysis
Authors: Jiang Hang , Li Yunxing , Hong Liangzhi , Ngai To 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerein, we report the utilization of a submicron Pickering emulsion (SPE) for the encapsulation of enzymes (e.g., lipase from Candida sp.) in water droplets that were solely stabilized by hydrophobic solid or mesoporous silica nanoparticles in toluene for use in biphasic reactions. The catalytic performance of encapsulated lipase was evaluated in the esterification of 1‐hexanol and hexanoic acid under stirring‐free conditions, which was favorable for maintaining enzymatic activity. Remarkably, the SPE significantly increased the specific activity of encapsulated lipase, owing to the exceptionally high water/oil interfacial area and short diffusion distance of the reagents in the SPE. With mesoporous silica nanoparticles, the activity of lipase was approximately 25.5‐ and 2.8‐times higher than that of free lipase and encapsulated lipase in the micron Pickering emulsion, respectively. The higher water/toluene interfacial area was attributed to the smaller submicron‐scale water droplets and the increase in the mass transfer of enzymes or substrates was further improved by using mesoporous Pickering stabilizers. In addition, the encapsulated lipase in SPE also demonstrated excellent stability and could be recycled up to 15 times without significant loss of activity.
Extent of lymph node dissection in patients with gallbladder cancer
Authors: Kishi Y , Nara S , Esaki M , Hiraoka N , Shimada K 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Definitions of regional lymph nodes for gallbladder cancer differ according to staging system. Hence, the appropriate extent of lymph node dissection has not yet been standardized.

Methods
Pathological stages and disease-specific survival (DSS) of patients who had undergone surgical resection of gallbladder cancer between 1990 and 2016 were reviewed. Patients with nodal metastases limited to the hepatoduodenal ligament or common hepatic artery, extending to the posterosuperior pancreatic head lymph nodes (PSPLNs), or in nodes along the coeliac axis or superior mesenteric vessels were grouped as having Na, Nb and Nc disease respectively. Metastases beyond these regions were defined as distant metastases (M1). Absence of distant metastasis was expressed as M0.

Results
A total of 259 patients were evaluated. There were 74, 31 and nine patients respectively in the Na, Nb and Nc groups. Twenty-five, nine and four patients in the respective groups had M1 disease (P = 0·682). The 5-year DSS rate was comparable between patients with Na M0 and those with Nb M0 disease (36 versus 34 per cent respectively; P = 0·950), whereas the rate in patients with Nc M0 status (0 per cent) was worse than that of patients with Nb M0 (P = 0·017) and comparable to that of patients with M1 disease (14 per cent; P = 0·590). Among 22 patients with Nb M0 disease, the 5-year DSS rate did not differ between those who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy and those who had had dissection of PSPLNs without pancreatoduodenectomy (50 versus 30 per cent respectively; P = 0·499).

Conclusion
PSPLNs and nodes along the hepatoduodenal ligament and hepatic artery should be considered regional nodes for gallbladder cancer, and should be resected.
The effect of presymptomatic hypertension in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Authors: Lee Moon Kyu , Cho Yang‐Je , Lee Seung‐Koo , Jung Sang Ku , Heo Kyoung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe effect of blood pressure (BP) on the lesion distribution of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between brain lesion distribution patterns and BP.MethodsSixty‐five patients with PRES were selected from the database. Data regarding brain MRI findings, clinical symptoms, medical conditions, and BP at the presymptomatic period (24 hr before the symptom onset) and at the symptom onset were collected. The brain lesion distribution degree was numerically calculated (lesion scoring point [LSP]) and compared with BP and medical conditions.ResultsMean onset‐MAP was higher than mean pre‐MAP. Pre‐MAP correlated with onset‐MAP. The LSP was significantly correlated with pre‐MAP (p = 0.009, correlation coefficient [cc] = 0.323), whereas no significant correlation was found between LSP and onset‐MAP (p = 0.159, cc = 0.177). Similarly, when patients were grouped by mean MAP values, LSP was significantly higher in the patients with high MAP at the presymptomatic period (p = 0.004), whereas no difference was found in the LSP value between patients with low MAP and high MAP at the symptom onset (p = 0.272).ConclusionThe patient with PRES who has relatively higher BP in the presymptomatic period would be more likely to have wider lesion distribution than the patient with lower BP. BP elevation during presymptomatic period may be a heralding sign of impending PRES and a factor affecting the severity of PRES although BP was not investigated at earlier time points.
Dynamic changes in chromatin and microtubules at the first cell cycle in SCNT or IVF goat embryos
Authors: Liu Hai‐jun , Liu Ru‐ming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe investigated the dynamic changes in chromatin and microtubules at the first cell cycle in goat somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)‐derived and in vitro fertilization (IVF)‐derived embryos. Stage‐dependent and characteristic changes to chromatin and microtubules occurred in SCNT‐derived embryos at different times after activation. About half donor nuclei underwent premature chromosome condensation (PCC) at 1 h post activation, and furtherly reached telophase at 2 h after activation. However, we discovered that the separated chromosomes reaggregated, not keeping two independent nuclei; and formed one pronucleus at 2.5 h after activation. One pronucleus was found in all reconstructed oocytes except other no nucleus oocytes from 3 to 22 h after activation. Reconstructed oocytes reached the first mitotic metaphase at 23 h post activation, which was later than that of IVF‐derived embryos at 16 h after insemination. SCNT‐derived embryos showed significantly higher abnormalities in the first mitotic metaphase spindle, compared with IVF‐derived embryos. Abnormal spindles included multi polar and half spindles. SCNT‐derived embryos began to cleave at 24 h after activation, which was later than that of IVF‐derived embryos at 21 h after insemination. SCNT‐derived embryos showed delayed conversion from telophase to interphase than IVF‐derived embryos during cleavage. These might lead to poor development in SCNT‐derived embryos.
Nanoscale Chemical Imaging of a Single Catalyst Particle with Tip‐Enhanced Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Kalirai Sam , Wain Andrew J. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDetermining the active site in real‐life solid catalysts remains an intellectual challenge and is crucial for exploring the road towards their rational design. In recent years various micro‐spectroscopic methods have revealed valuable structure‐activity data at the level of a single catalyst particle, even under reaction conditions. Herein, we introduce Tip‐Enhanced FLuorescence (TEFL) microscopy as a novel and versatile characterization tool for catalysis research. This has been achieved using a Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) catalyst as showcase material. Thin sectioning of industrially used FCC particles together with selective staining of Brønsted acidity has enabled high‐resolution TEFL mapping of different catalyst regions. Hyperspectral information gained via TEFL microscopy reveals a spatial distribution of Brønsted acidity within individual zeolite domains in different regions of the FCC catalyst particle. Comparison of TEFL measurements from different FCC particles showed significant intra‐ and inter‐particle heterogeneities both in zeolite domain size and chemical reactivity.
Catalytic Asymmetric [8+3] Annulation Reactions of Tropones or Azaheptafulvenes with meso‐Aziridines
Authors: Zhang Jianlin , Xiao Wanlong , Hu Haipeng , Lin Lili , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHighly enantioselective [8+3] high‐order cycloaddition reactions of tropones or azaheptafulvenes with meso‐aziridines were achieved by a desymmetrization/annulation process in the presence of chiral N,N′‐dioxide/Mg(OTf)2 complex. The corresponding tetrahydrocyclohepta[b][1,4]oxazines and tetrahydro‐1H‐cyclohepta‐ [b]‐pyrazines were obtained in good yields (66–98 %) with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (>19:1 d.r., 90–96 % ee). A possible transition state model was proposed to elucidate the origin of chiral induction based on the control experiments and X‐ray crystal structure of the catalyst.
Geschichten des Silbers
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDer geschichtliche Abbau des Silbers erfolgte bereits vor etwa 6000 Jahren. Silber wurde meistens zu Schmuck und Münzen verarbeitet. Es ist ein weiches Metall und lässt sich daher leicht bearbeiten. In diesem Beitrag wird hauptsächlich über die Silbergewinnung in Ägypten, Spanien, Deutschland, Südamerika und USA berichtet. Einer der bekanntesten Silberforscher war Justus von Liebig, der erstmalig Knallsilber beschrieb.
Wie wirkt sterische Hinderung? ‐‐ Experimenteller Vergleich der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten primärer und sekundärer Halogenalkane in konkurrierenden SN2‐Reaktionen
Authors: Schmitt Catharina , Bender Michael , Trabert Andreas , Schween Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSterische Hinderung stellt ein komplexes chemisches Konzept dar, das bei vielen organisch‐chemischen Reaktionen eine zentrale Rolle spielt und immer mitberücksichtigt werden muss. Experimentell ist diese zwar nicht unmittelbar beobachtbar, bei einigen Reaktionstypen aufgrund des Einflusses auf die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit aber immerhin mittelbar anhand gezielter Fallvergleiche, sogenannter Contrasting Cases. Um den Einfluss, den sterische Hinderung auf einen Reaktionsverlauf hat, genauer untersuchen zu können, haben wir SN2‐Reaktionen an Halogenalkanen als Modellreaktionen ausgewählt. Es wurden vier Konkurrenzexperimente mit Triphenylphosphan als gutem Nucleophil und den variierenden Substraten a) 1‐Brombutan, b) 2‐Brombutan, c) 1‐Iodbutan und d) 2‐Iodbutan konzipiert, bei denen das Eintreten einer SN2‐Reaktion durch Leitwertänderungen der Reaktionslösungen beobachtbar ist.
WT‐CLS1 is a rhabdoid tumor cell line and can be inhibited by miR‐16
Authors: Stroup Emily Kunce , Yeu Yunku , Budhipramono Albert , Hwang Tae Hyun , Rakheja Dinesh , Erdreich‐Epstein Anat , Laetsch Theodore W. , Amatruda James F. , Chen Kenneth S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundWilms tumor and rhabdoid tumor can have similar clinical presentations, but they have distinct histological and biological features. For instance, Wilms tumors commonly bear mutations in kidney differentiation or microRNA processing genes, whereas rhabdoid tumor is characterized by loss of SMARCB1.AimsWe initially set out to characterize and identify tumor suppressor microRNAs in WT‐CLS1, which had been described as a Wilms tumor cell line.Methods and ResultsWe characterized the cell line WT‐CLS1 by whole exome sequencing, RNA‐seq, and xenograft histology. We measured the effect of microRNA overexpression on WiT49, WT‐CLS1, BT‐12, and CHLA‐06‐ATRT.We found that miR‐16 significantly impairs cell proliferation in WT‐CLS1 by repressing numerous cell cycle genes, including the D‐type cyclins. In addition, we found that the WT‐CLS1 cell line demonstrates the classic histological, mutational, and transcriptional hallmarks of rhabdoid tumor, including SMARCB1 loss. Lastly, miR‐16 also represses cell cycle genes and impairs proliferation in the BT‐12 and CHLA‐06‐ATRT rhabdoid tumor cell lines.ConclusionsThe loss of SMARCB1 warrants reclassification of WT‐CLS1 as rhabdoid tumor. Overexpression of miR‐16 significantly abrogates proliferation of WT‐CLS1 and other rhabdoid tumor cell lines. Further studies are necessary to gain insight into the potential for miR‐16 to be a tumor suppressor or a novel therapeutic in rhabdoid tumor.
Invasive species risk assessments need more consistent spatial abundance data
Authors: Bradley Bethany A. , Allen Jenica M. , O'Neill Mitchell W. , Wallace Rebekah D. , Bargeron Charles T. , Richburg Julie A. , Stinson Kristina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSpatial abundance information is a critical component of invasive plant risk assessment. While spatial occurrence data provide important information about potential establishment, abundance data are necessary to understand invasive species’ populations, which ultimately drive environmental and economic impacts. In recent years, the collective efforts of numerous management agencies and public participants have created unprecedented spatial archives of invasive plant occurrence, but consistent information about abundance remains rare. Here, we develop guidelines for the collection and reporting of abundance information that can add value to existing data collection efforts and inform spatial ecology research. In order to identify the most common methods used to report abundance, we analyzed over 1.6 million invasive plant records in the Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS). Abundance data in some form are widely reported, with 58.9% of records containing qualitative or quantitative information about invasive plant cover, density, or infested area, but records vary markedly in terms of standards for reporting. Percent cover was the most commonly reported metric of abundance, typically collected in bins of trace (<1%), low (1–5%), moderate (5–25%), and high (>25%). However, percent cover data were rarely reported along with an estimate of area, which is critical for ensuring accurate interpretation of reported abundance data. Infested area is typically reported as a number with associated units of square feet or acres. Together, an estimate of both cover and infested area provides the most robust and interpretable information for spatial research and risk assessment applications. By developing consistent metrics of reporting for abundance, collectors can provide much needed information to support spatial models of invasion risk.
Pharmacy access to medical abortion from trained providers and post‐abortion contraception in Nepal
Authors: Puri Mahesh C. , Harper Cynthia C. , Maharjan Dev , Blum Maya , Rocca Corinne H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether auxiliary nurse‐midwife provision of medical abortion in pharmacies was associated with reduced post‐abortion contraceptive use in Nepal.MethodsThe present prospective observational study compared contraceptive use among women aged 16–45 years and up to 63 days of pregnancy, who presented at one of six privately‐owned pharmacies or six public health facilities in the Chitwan and Jhapa districts of Nepal for medical abortion between October 16, 2014, and September 1, 2015. Participants obtained medical abortions per Nepali protocol and completed a follow‐up visit and interview at 14–21 days. Effective contraceptive use was compared between abortion care settings using multivariable mixed effects logistic regression.ResultsOf 605 participants, 600 completed follow‐up at 14–21 days; 474 (79.0%) were using a contraceptive method, most commonly pills (180 [30.0%]) and injectables (175 [29.2%]), followed by condoms (82 [13.7%]), long‐acting reversible methods (33 [5.5%]), and sterilization (4 [0.7%]). Receipt of care from a private pharmacy was not associated with a difference in the use of hormonal or long‐acting methods (adjusted odd ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.60–1.33).ConclusionMedical abortion provision from pharmacies by qualified providers can provide women with necessary induced‐abortion care while not compromising longer‐term pregnancy prevention.
In vitro evaluation of biomarkers of nephrotoxicity through gene expression using gentamicin
Authors: Campos Maria A. A. , de Almeida Leonardo A. , Grossi Marina F. , Tagliati Carlos A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAcute renal failure is one of the most frequent effects observed after taking medicine. Such situations have been tardily discovered, given that existing methods for assessing toxicity are not predictive. In this light, the present work evaluated the effects of gentamicin, a form of nephrotoxic drug, on HK‐2 and HEK‐293 cells. By using MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and flow cytometry, both cells demonstrated that cytotoxicity occurs in a dose‐dependent manner through the processes of apoptosis and cell necrosis. Gene expression analysis showed a relative increase of expression for genes related to cell processes and classic biomarkers, such as TP53, CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, ICAM‐1, EXOC3, KIM‐1, and CST3. A decrease in expression for genes BCL2L1 and EGF was observed. This study, therefore, indicates that, when the methods are used together, gene expression analysis is able to evaluate the nephrotoxic potential of a substance.