bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel role for cathepsin K in periosteal osteoclast precursors during fracture repair
Authors: Walia Bhavita , Lingenheld Elizabeth , Duong Le , Sanjay Archana , Drissi Hicham 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOsteoporosis management is currently centered around bisphosphonates, which inhibit osteoclast (OC) bone resorption but do not affect bone formation. This reduces fracture risk, but fails to restore healthy bone remodeling. Studies in animal models showed that cathepsin K (CatK) inhibition by genetic deletion or chemical inhibitors maintained bone formation while abrogating resorption during bone remodeling and stimulated periosteal bone modeling. Recently, periosteal mononuclear tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase–positive (TRAP+) osteoclast precursors (OCPs) were shown to augment angiogenesis‐coupled osteogenesis. CatK gene deletion increased osteoblast differentiation via enhanced OCP and OC secretion of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB and sphingosine 1 phosphate. The effects of periosteum‐derived OCPs on bone remodeling are unknown, particularly with regard to fracture repair. We hypothesized that periosteal OCPs derived from CatK‐null (Ctsk–/–) mice may enhance periosteal bone formation during fracture repair. We found fewer periosteal OCPs in Ctsk–/– mice under homeostatic conditions; however, after fracture, this population increased in number relative to that seen in wild‐type (WT) mice. Enhanced TRAP staining and greater expression of PDGF‐BB were observed in fractured Ctsk–/– femurs relative to WT femurs. This early pattern of augmented PDGF‐BB expression in Ctsk–/– mice may contribute to improved fracture healing by enhancing callus mineralization in Ctsk–/– mice.
Relationship between dental occlusion and functional dependence in elderly Caucasians
Authors: Diz P , Cardoso M , Diniz‐Freitas M , Vázquez P , Sobrino F , Limeres J 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether a relationship exists between the number of functional masticatory units (FMUs) and the level of functional dependence of elderly.Subjects and MethodsThe study group comprised 502 elderly Caucasians living in nursing homes in north‐west Spain and Portugal. The number of FMUs was counted on direct visual inspection. The degree of dependence was assessed using the Barthel index. The results were validated in a group of 156 elderly. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using a generalised linear model (GLM), a logistic GLM, a ROC‐GLM curve and a confusion matrix.ResultsThe number of FMUs significantly affected the Barthel index score (explained deviance = 27.5%). The number of FMUs was significantly associated with a lower probability of dependence, both for women (explained deviance = 31%) and for men (explained deviance = 33%). The model based on FMUs showed a good discriminatory capacity for dependence (AUC = 0.84 in women and 0.82 in men). The predictive capacity of the dependence model based on FMUs was very high (sensitivity = 0.9 in women and 0.8 in men).ConclusionsIn institutionalised elderly Caucasians, the number of FMUs is significantly associated with the Barthel index score and could be a predictive factor for dependence.
Microbiopsy a first‐level diagnostic test to rule out oral dysplasia or carcinoma in general dental practice
Authors: Pentenero M , Val M , Rosso S , Gandolfo S 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesDiagnostic delay in oral oncology could be improved if general dentists had a reliable and easy‐to‐use first‐level diagnostic test to rule out the presence of oral dysplasia or carcinoma. Microbiopsy has been proved to have high sensitivity and high negative predictive value in a clinical setting characterized by high prevalence of disease. Moreover, it has been proved to be easily performed by general dentists. This study aimed to determine the negative predictive value of microbiopsy in routine dental practice: a clinical setting characterized by low prevalence of disease.MethodsWithin the frame of a previous study, general dentists from the Metropolitan Area of Turin performed microbiopsy for each oral mucosal lesion detected during their practice. The clinical outcome of 129 lesions negative at microbiopsy was checked by a query performed through the database of the Piedmont Cancer Registry, covering the population of the Metropolitan Area of Turin, with particular reference to cancer involving the mouth (ICD‐10:C03‐06). This allowed us to define “true negative” cases and to calculate the negative predictive value of microbiopsy.ResultsIn a mean follow‐up of 7.5 years (range 7–9 years), with a dropout rate of 7.7%, no case of tumour involving the mouth was observed, thus revealing a negative predictive value approaching 100%.ConclusionsMicrobiopsy represents an easy‐to‐use and reliable first‐level test able to aid general dentists to select patients requiring an oral medicine assessment in a short time and definitely to avoid diagnostic delay in oncologically relevant oral mucosal lesions.
Oral cancer awareness in Spain: A pilot study
Authors: Varela‐Centelles P , Estany‐Gestal A , Bugarín‐González R , Seoane‐Romero JM 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the level of oral cancer knowledge and awareness in a Spanish general population.Subjects and MethodsA cross‐sectional study using an anonymous questionnaire applied in the community to randomly selected laypersons. Sample size for the general population was determined by quota sampling, resulting in 1,041 individuals.ResultsA total of 1,707 pedestrians were approached (response: 61%). When the participants were asked about what cancers had they heard about (up to ten), oral cancer was mentioned in first place by 2% of the sample and by 22% in any order. When specifically asked about oral cancer, the percentage of interviewees who were familiar with it raised to 72%. Participants were also asked about the main signs or symptoms of oral cancer, and the most frequently (22%) mentioned as the first warning sign was a non‐healing ulcer. Tobacco smoking generally was recognised as the most important (57%) risk factor for oral cancer.ConclusionsThis pilot study revealed a low awareness of oral cancer, and a poor knowledge of its signs and symptoms and risk factors.
Tissue eosinophilia in oral intraepithelial neoplasia as a probable indicator of invasion
Authors: Martinelli‐Kläy CP , Lombardi T , Mendis BRRN , Soares EG , Salvado F , Courvoisier DS , Mauricio P 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the presence of eosinophils in oral intraepithelial neoplasia (OIN) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) lesions and its relation to invasion.Subjects and methodsNinety‐nine oral biopsies were selected and subdivided into the following: OIN‐1(16 cases), OIN‐2 (18 cases), OIN‐3 (17 cases), microinvasive OSCC (10 cases), non‐metastatic OSCC (22 cases) and metastatic OSCC (16 cases). The tissue eosinophilia was evaluated histologically in slices stained with haematoxylin and eosin.ResultsEosinophil distribution was associated with diagnosis severity (p < .01). A significant difference was found between OIN‐3 or microinvasive OSCC and non‐metastatic or metastatic OSCC. Stromal invasion threshold was 7 eos/10 high power field (hpf) (96.1% specificity and 62.5% sensitivity). Eosinophils were absent in OIN‐1; in OIN‐2, two cases were positive. In OIN‐3, five cases showed tissue eosinophilia, four of which had ≥3 eos/hpf or ≥7 eos/10 hpf. Three cases were suspected of invasion; two had a previous history of OSCC with elevated eosinophil infiltrate. In microinvasive OSCC, the four positive cases presented ≥3 eos/hpf and ≥7 eos/10 hpf. Although not significantly different, non‐metastatic invasive OSCC had a higher number of cases (68.2%) with ≥22 eos/10 hpf contrasting with 50% in metastatic OSCC.ConclusionOur results suggest that eosinophils can be considered an indicator of invasion in OIN, helping in cases of difficult diagnosis.
Response of epithelial cells infected by Treponema denticola
Authors: Kokubu E , Inoue T , Ishihara K 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveIn the gingival crevice, the interaction between epithelial cells and periodontopathic bacteria is important for the development of periodontitis. Treponema denticola is a major pathogen of chronic periodontitis and possesses several virulence factors, such as major surface protein (Msp) and prolyl‐phenylalanine‐specific protease (dentilisin). Here, we investigated the behaviours of epithelial cells infected with T. denticola by measuring the expression of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, β defensin 2 (BD‐2) and heat‐shock protein 70 (HSP70).MethodsEpithelial cells were infected with T. denticola wild‐type strain, Msp‐deficient mutant or dentilisin‐deficient mutant, and the expression levels of the above targets were analysed by polymerase chain reaction.ResultsInfection with T. denticola wild‐type strain and mutants induced the production of IL‐6 and HSP70. The level of BD‐2 induced by T. denticola wild‐type strain at 24 hr was significantly higher than that of the dentilisin‐deficient mutant. The level of IL‐1β mRNA in the wild‐type strain and dentilisin‐deficient mutant was slightly lower than that in the uninfected control.ConclusionThese results suggest that the levels of BD‐2 were affected by Msp and dentilisin. This effect may contribute to the disruption of the response of epithelial cells to eradicate T. denticola.
An oligosaccharyltransferase from Leishmania major increases the N‐glycan occupancy on recombinant glycoproteins produced in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Castilho Alexandra , Beihammer Gernot , Pfeiffer Christina , Göritzer Kathrin , Montero‐Morales Laura , Vavra Ulrike , Maresch Daniel , Grünwald‐Gruber Clemens , Altmann Friedrich , Steinkellner Herta , Strasser Richard 
Published: February 2018

SummaryN‐glycosylation is critical for recombinant glycoprotein production as it influences the heterogeneity of products and affects their biological function. In most eukaryotes, the oligosaccharyltransferase is the central‐protein complex facilitating the N‐glycosylation of proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Not all potential N‐glycosylation sites are recognized in vivo and the site occupancy can vary in different expression systems, resulting in underglycosylation of recombinant glycoproteins. To overcome this limitation in plants, we expressed LmSTT3D, a single‐subunit oligosaccharyltransferase from the protozoan Leishmania major transiently in Nicotiana benthamiana, a well‐established production platform for recombinant proteins. A fluorescent protein‐tagged LmSTT3D variant was predominately found in the ER and co‐located with plant oligosaccharyltransferase subunits. Co‐expression of LmSTT3D with immunoglobulins and other recombinant human glycoproteins resulted in a substantially increased N‐glycosylation site occupancy on all N‐glycosylation sites except those that were already more than 90% occupied. Our results show that the heterologous expression of LmSTT3D is a versatile tool to increase N‐glycosylation efficiency in plants.
Blocking amino acid transporter OsAAP3 improves grain yield by promoting outgrowth buds and increasing tiller number in rice
Authors: Lu Kai , Wu Bowen , Wang Jie , Zhu Wei , Nie Haipeng , Qian Junjie , Huang Weiting , Fang Zhongming 
Published: February 2018

SummaryAmino acid transporters (AATs) play indispensable roles in nutrient allocation during plant development. In this study, we demonstrated that inhibiting expression of the rice amino acid transporter OsAAP3 increased grain yield due to a formation of larger numbers of tillers as a result of increased bud outgrowth. Elevated expression of OsAAP3 in transgenic plants resulted in significantly higher amino acid concentrations of Lys, Arg, His, Asp, Ala, Gln, Gly, Thr and Tyr, and inhibited bud outgrowth and rice tillering. However, RNAi of OsAAP3 decreased significantly Arg, Lys, Asp and Thr concentrations to a small extent, and thus promoted bud outgrowth, increased significantly tiller numbers and effective panicle numbers per plant, and further enhanced significantly grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The promoter sequences of OsAAP3 showed some divergence between Japonica and Indica rice, and expression of the gene was higher in Japonica, which produced fewer tillers than Indica. We generated knockout lines of OsAAP3 on Japonica ZH11 and KY131 using CRISPR technology and found that grain yield could be increased significantly. These results suggest that manipulation of OsAAP3 expression could be used to increase grain yield in rice.
Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type 2b (phacomatosis cesioflammea) with double superior vena cava, abdominal varicosities, and natal tooth: Novel associations
Authors: Singal Archana , Mittal Hema , Aggarwal Anju , Das Saurabhi , Manchanda Smita 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhacomatosis pigmentovascularis is characterized by coexistent extensive cutaneous vascular (capillary) and pigmentary anomalies. We describe a 2‐month‐old infant presenting with classic features of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis 2b (phacomatosis cesioflammea). He was also found to have hitherto unreported associations in the form of extensive venous anomalies presenting as striking abdominal wall varicosities and persistent left superior vena cava and natal tooth.
Retronychia a little‐known cause of paronychia: A report of two cases in adolescent patients
Authors: Poveda‐Montoyo Inés , Vergara‐de Caso Eduardo , Romero‐Pérez David , Betlloch‐Mas Isabel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRetronychia is a clinical condition resulting from embedding of the nail plate into the proximal nail fold. We report two adolescent girls, 14 and 16 years of age, with a history of chronic proximal paronychia of the great toe, one of them developing osteomyelitis. After failure of treatment with several systemic antibiotics, nail avulsion was performed, leading us to the diagnosis of retronychia and with rapid and complete resolution of symptoms in both cases. Delay in diagnosis of retronychia can lead to local complications and prolonged discomfort.
Efficacy and safety of topical application of 15% and 10% potassium hydroxide for the treatment of Molluscum contagiosum
Authors: Teixidó Concepció , Díez Olga , Marsal Josep R. , Giner‐Soriano Maria , Pera Helena , Martinez Mireia , Galindo‐Ortego Gisela , Schoenenberger Joan A. , Real Jordi , Cruz Ines , Morros Rosa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesMolluscum contagiosum is the most common skin infection in children. One topical treatment used for Molluscum contagiosum is potassium hydroxide. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of potassium hydroxide topical treatment at different concentrations with that of placebo in terms of complete clearing of Molluscum contagiosum lesions and to assess the safety and tolerance of potassium hydroxide topical treatment.MethodsThis was a double‐blind randomized clinical trial of three treatments (potassium hydroxide 10%, potassium hydroxide 15%, placebo) applied once daily up to complete clearing of lesions (maximum duration 60 days) in 53 children aged 2‐6 years in primary health care pediatric offices in Catalonia, Spain.ResultsIn the intention‐to‐treat analysis, potassium hydroxide 10% (58.8%, P = .03) and potassium hydroxide 15% (64.3%, P = .02) had efficacy superior to that of placebo (18.8%). The number of Molluscum contagiosum lesions was significantly reduced with potassium hydroxide 10% and 15%. The main efficacy outcome was achieved in 58.8% of children in the potassium hydroxide 10% group (P = .03 vs placebo) and in 64.3% of children in the potassium hydroxide 15% group (P = .02 vs placebo). Potassium hydroxide 10% and 15% were not significantly different in efficacy from each other. Potassium hydroxide 10% and placebo were better tolerated than potassium hydroxide 15%. No adverse events were reported during the study period.ConclusionsPotassium hydroxide 10% and 15% demonstrated high rates of efficacy in clearing Molluscum contagiosum lesions, with potassium hydroxide 10% being better tolerated.
Features of Large Magmatic–Hydrothermal Systems in Japan: Characteristics Similar to the Tops of Porphyry Copper Deposits
Authors: Hedenquist Jeffrey W. , Taguchi Sachihiro , Shinohara Hiroshi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVolcanic complexes in Japan such as Kusatsu Shirane, Honshu, and Kuju‐Hatchobaru and Kirishima, Kyushu, host active magmatic–hydrothermal systems that are several kilometers in diameter and typically asymmetric to the intrusive center. Their heat flow is driven by multiple intrusions at <5–10 km depth over a period on the order of ~105 years. These hydrothermal systems consist of advecting fluids of magmatic origin (either vapor with acidic components condensed into meteoric water, or a subsequent liquid of varying reactivity) that interact with convecting meteoric water. The amount of the magmatic component depends on location relative to the intrusive center, local controls on permeability, and the temporal evolution of the intrusions. The proportion of meteoric water diluent typically increases from proximal to distal locations (over several kilometer distance), and with time after intrusion (> several thousands of years). Some of the neutral pH solutions in these large hydrothermal systems, up to ~5 km from volcanic vents, support geothermal energy developments, with strong structural control on fluid flow. Near active volcanic vents, the magmatic vapor component of hydrothermal systems can form acidic condensates (pH ~ 1.5) that are responsible for strong alteration of the host rock. The resulting residual quartz and advanced argillic minerals are typical of shallow‐formed lithocap alteration that is associated with deeper porphyry copper deposits in similar arc‐hosted volcanic settings. Around the world, this near‐surface lithocap alteration, influenced by structures as well as lithology, may be barren in metals, even where associated with mineralized porphyry intrusions at depth. Such intrusion‐proximal alteration is widespread in both active and extinct settings in Japan. In addition, distal geothermal hot springs typically have a magmatic water component, albeit minor, with a pH that varies from ~3 to near‐neutral; deep alteration intersected in drill holes is characterized by alunite–dickite–pyrophyllite or chlorite–wairakite, respectively. These alteration assemblages are typical of their extinct equivalents, intermediate sulfidation epithermal veins, with mineralogical complexities caused by temporal evolution as well as spatial variation (e.g. along different structures). Such active and extinct magmatic–hydrothermal systems signify the presence of shallow degassing or degassed intrusions, respectively. Where similar intrusions in volcanic arcs around the world are eroded to ~1 to 2 km depth, the tops of porphyry copper deposits are commonly exposed, marked by a transition of white mica upward to pyrophyllite‐dominant alteration. Active magmatic–hydrothermal systems on the flanks of arc volcanoes in Japan are dynamic – both cycling as well as evolving – and share characteristics with extinct systems that host epithermal and porphyry ore deposits.
The Effect of Political Parties on the Distribution of Income in the American States: 1917–2011
Authors: Widestrom Amy , Hayes Thomas J. , Dennis Christopher 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThis article examines the effects of partisan control of government on income distribution within the United States.MethodsUsing newly available data, we estimate the effects of unified Democratic and Republican Party control at the state and national levels on the share of income going to the top 1 percent of income earners, by state, between 1917 and 2011.ResultsWe find that unified party control at the state level has minimal impact on income going to the top 1 percent of income earners within the states, but that unified party control at the federal level does have an effect. Moreover, we find that over the long term, unified Democratic control at the federal level leads to less income going to the top 1 percent, while unified Republican control increases income going to top earners.ConclusionsDespite the increased focus on federalism and state policy in studies of income inequality, our findings suggest that federal‐level political factors are important for understanding the share of income going to the top income earners in the United States, particularly in the contemporary era.
The Exceptionalism of the Open Space Issue in American Politics*
Authors: Lowry William R. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveOur objective is to illustrate the need to differentiate specific issue types within broad policy categories by showing the exceptional support in American politics for open space issues.MethodsWe test this assertion with econometric analyses of outcomes from over 600 state ballot measures on environmental and energy issues.ResultsWe find exceptional support for open space ballot measures in simple comparisons and in fuller models of ballot measure passage. As one example, over 80 percent of the open space measures pass, whereas 50 percent of all the other measures pass.ConclusionExceptional support for open space is important for this policy area specifically but also as an illustration of the need to differentiate broad policy categories into specific issues.
Cultural Worldviews and Political Process Preferences*
Authors: Zanocco Chad M. , Jones Michael D. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesCultural theory (CT) is often leveraged to explain policy preferences and risk perceptions. While scholars often make claims regarding CT's relationship with political process preferences, these remain largely untested. This study explores the relationship between CT and individual preferences toward the process in which political decisions are made.MethodsUsing national survey data (n = 900), we identify two political process preference dimensions in exploratory factor analysis: compromise and expediency. To operationalize CT, survey items from cultural cognition theory are formed into cultural measures. We use bivariate and multivariate analysis to explore key relationships.ResultsThose with more egalitarian/communitarian worldviews value compromise in political decision making, while those with individualist/hierarchical worldviews are less likely to value compromise. We find no relationship between expediency and cultural worldviews.ConclusionThis research suggests that CT is useful for understanding some, but not all, dimensions of political process preferences. While those with egalitarians/communitarian worldviews may be more accepting of policy decisions produced under compromise, other common tropes regarding the relationship between CT and process preferences should be carefully applied.
‐Drink Or ‐Trunk, That Is The Question: The Distribution Of Selected Anglicisms And German Near‐Synonyms In Compounding
Authors: Baeskow Heike 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this article, it will be shown that lexical contrasts and similarities between selected anglicisms and potential German near‐synonyms are optimally revealed in compounding, where distinctive properties of the non‐native head are either matched or contextually overridden by the native modifier. The corpus‐based contrastive analyses involve N + N compounds headed by the well‐integrated nouns Drink, Dealer and Job and their potential German equivalents (e.g. Geburtstagsdrink vs. Geburtstagstrunk “birthday drink”, Autodealer vs. Autohändler ‘car dealer’, Ferienjob vs. ?Ferienberuf “holiday job”). The semantic description will be performed on the basis of Pustejovsky's Generative Lexicon, which allows for a context‐specific interpretation of lexical items. Connotative properties will mainly be described in relation to the stylistic functions they fulfil in journalistic contexts.