bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Northern protected areas will become important refuges for biodiversity tracking suitable climates
Authors: Berteaux Dominique , Ricard Marylène , St-Laurent Martin-Hugues , Casajus Nicolas , Périé Catherine , Beauregard Frieda , de Blois Sylvie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Northern Biodiversity Paradox predicts that, despite its globally negative effects on biodiversity, climate change will increase biodiversity in northern regions where many species are limited by low temperatures. We assessed the potential impacts of climate change on the biodiversity of a northern network of 1,749 protected areas spread over >600,000 km2 in Quebec, Canada. Using ecological niche modeling, we calculated potential changes in the probability of occurrence of 529 species to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change on (1) species gain, loss, turnover, and richness in protected areas, (2) representativity of protected areas, and (3) extent of species ranges located in protected areas. We predict a major species turnover over time, with 49% of total protected land area potentially experiencing a species turnover >80%. We also predict increases in regional species richness, representativity of protected areas, and species protection provided by protected areas. Although we did not model the likelihood of species colonising habitats that become suitable as a result of climate change, northern protected areas should ultimately become important refuges for species tracking climate northward. This is the first study to examine in such details the potential effects of climate change on a northern protected area network.
Autophagy maintains stem cells and intestinal homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Nagy Péter , Sándor Gyöngyvér O. , Juhász Gábor 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntestinal homeostasis is maintained by tightly controlled proliferation and differentiation of tissue-resident multipotent stem cells during aging and regeneration, which ensures organismal adaptation. Here we show that autophagy is required in Drosophila intestinal stem cells to sustain proliferation, and preserves the stem cell pool. Autophagy-deficient stem cells show elevated DNA damage and cell cycle arrest during aging, and are frequently eliminated via JNK-mediated apoptosis. Interestingly, loss of Chk2, a DNA damage-activated kinase that arrests the cell cycle and promotes DNA repair and apoptosis, leads to uncontrolled proliferation of intestinal stem cells regardless of their autophagy status. Chk2 accumulates in the nuclei of autophagy-deficient stem cells, raising the possibility that its activation may contribute to the effects of autophagy inhibition in intestinal stem cells. Our study reveals the crucial role of autophagy in preserving proper stem cell function for the continuous renewal of the intestinal epithelium in Drosophila.
Helical magnetic fields in molecular clouds?
Authors: Tahani M. , Plume R. , Brown J. C. , Kainulainen J. 
Published: March 2018

Context.Magnetic fields pervade in the interstellar medium (ISM) and are believed to be important in the process of star formation, yet probing magnetic fields in star formation regions is challenging.Aims.We propose a new method to use Faraday rotation measurements in small-scale star forming regions to find the direction and magnitude of the component of magnetic field along the line of sight. We test the proposed method in four relatively nearby regions of Orion A, Orion B, Perseus, and California.Methods.We use rotation measure data from the literature. We adopt a simple approach based on relative measurements to estimate the rotation measure due to the molecular clouds over the Galactic contribution. We then use a chemical evolution code along with extinction maps of each cloud to find the electron column density of the molecular cloud at the position of each rotation measure data point. Combining the rotation measures produced by the molecular clouds and the electron column density, we calculate the line-of-sight magnetic field strength and direction.Results.In California and Orion A, we find clear evidence that the magnetic fields at one side of these filamentary structures are pointing towards us and are pointing away from us at the other side. Even though the magnetic fields in Perseus might seem to suggest the same behavior, not enough data points are available to draw such conclusions. In Orion B, as well, there are not enough data points available to detect such behavior. This magnetic field reversal is consistent with a helical magnetic field morphology. In the vicinity of available Zeeman measurements in OMC-1, OMC-B, and the dark cloud Barnard 1, we find magnetic field values of − 23 ± 38 μG, − 129 ± 28 μG, and 32 ± 101 μG, respectively, which are in agreement with the Zeeman measurements.
Evaluation of the Neurobehavioral Properties of Naringin in Swiss Mice
Authors: Ben-Azu Benneth , Nwoke Ekene , Umukoro Solomon , Aderibigbe Adegbuyi , Ajayi Abayomi , Iwalewa Ezekiel 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Objectives This study was carried out to investigate the neurobehavioral properties of naringin, a flavonoid compound formed from naringenin on behavioral models in mice.
Method The neurobehavioral property of naringin (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) was assessed on novelty-induced rearing, locomotor behavior using open field test; anxiolytic effect was evaluated using hole-board, light and dark box, and elevated-plus maze paradigms. The anti-depressant-like property was also assessed using forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and social interaction test (SIT). The cognitive enhancing effect of naringin was evaluated using Y-maze test.
Results Intraperitoneal administration of naringin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) demonstrated significant (p<0.05) increase in rearing behavior but not the spontaneous motor activity in comparison to control. In the anti-depressant test, naringin (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased the duration of immobility in the FST and TST, and increased the % social interaction preference in the SIT relative to controls, suggesting anti-depressant-like and increased social behaviors. Moreover, naringin also exhibited anxiolytic and memory enhancing properties in mice.
Conclusion These findings suggest that naringin possesses anti-depressant- and anxiolytic-like activities as well as memory enhancing effect in mice.
Professionelle Kodierung in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
– Schnell verdientes Geld im Krankenhaus?
Authors: Burger Frank , Koob Sebastian , Walgenbach Maren , Parbs Sonja , Neugebauer Edmund A. M. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDas DRG-System (Diagnoses Related Groups) dient der Berechnung von
Fallpauschalen, mit denen den Kliniken die stationären Behandlungen vergütet
werden. Der erweiterte Arbeitsaufwand für die fachgerechte Durchführung
erfordert zusätzliches Personal (Gesundheitsökonomen, Dokumentare). Bei der
Codierung von Behandlungsprozeduren konnten Diskrepanzen zwischen den
Eintragungen der behandelnden Ärzte und denen der Medizinökonomen festgestellt
werden, die zu beträchtlichen Unterschieden hinsichtlich der Erlöse führten. Die
vorliegende Untersuchung diente der Analyse dieser Diskrepanzen bezogen auf die
im DRG-System vorgegebenen Fallbeschreibungen.
Material und Methoden An einer Klinik für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
führten die behandelnden Ärzte und ein Gesundheitsökonom unabhängig voreinander
Codierungen der Diagnosen und Behandlungsprozeduren nacheinander eingewiesener
Patienten unter Einbeziehung der Berechnung von Erlösen durch. Die
Dokumentationen wurden tabellarisch zusammengestellt, um Vergleiche und
Berechnungen vornehmen zu können.
Resultate Es wurden 295 Eintragungen gegenübergestellt. In 24,75 % der
Fälle stimmten die Codierungen von Ärzten und Gesundheitsökonom überein. In den
übrigen Fällen differierten die Eintragungen. Der durchschnittliche Unterschied
bei den Erlösen betrug 3.552,29 (± 2947) Euro pro Abrechnungsfall. In 6 Fällen
bewertete der Gesundheitsökonom den Erlös um mehr als 10 000,-€ höher als die
Ärzte.
Diskussion Die teilweise sehr diffizile DRG-Codierung wird von
behandelnden Ärzten nur teilweise beherrscht. Es entstehen bedeutende
Diskrepanzen bei den Fallbeurteilungen zu den Medizinökonomen, was auf ein
ungenügendes Wissen über das DRG-System, eine fehlende Routine und begrenzte
Zeitressourcen zurückzuführen ist. Die Notwendigkeit einer Kosteneffektivität
bewirkt eine mehr ökonomisch ausgerichtete Patientenversorgung, wodurch das
individuelle Arzt-Patientenverhältnis eingeschränkt werden muss.
Begleiterkrankungen können zum Nachteil der Patienten unterschätzt werden. Es
sollte angestrebt werden, dass behandelnde Ärzte und Gesundheitsökonomen durch
regelmäßigen Informationsaustausch einen Modus finden, um bei der DRG-Zuordnung
einen weitgehenden Konsens zu erzielen, der ärztliche und ökonomische Aspekte
berücksichtigt.
Lobectomy on ECMO as a Life-Saving Procedure following Necrotizing Pneumonia in a Toddler: A Case Study
Authors: Ben-Nun Alon , Pessach Itai , Rubinshtein Marina , Paret Gideon , Ashkenazi Shira 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNecrotizing pneumonia is a severe form of pneumonia that is mainly treated with conservative treatment, including antibiotics. We report a unique case of necrotizing pneumonia due to group A streptococcus infection in an 18-month-old boy who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Following surgical lobectomy, the child was weaned off ECMO and recovered uneventfully.
Challenges in Diagnosing Rare Genetic Causes of Common In Utero Presentations: Report of Two Patients with Mucolipidosis Type II (I-Cell Disease)
Authors: Costain Gregory , Saleh Maha , Yaniv-Salem Shimrit , Ryan Greg , Morgen Eric , Goh Elaine , Nishimura Gen , Chitayat David , Inbar-Feigenberg Michal 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTraditional approaches to prenatal genetic diagnosis for common presentations such as short femurs or intrauterine growth restriction are imperfect, and whole-exome sequencing is an emerging option. Mucolipidosis type II (I-cell disease) is an ultra-rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder with the potential for prenatal-onset skeletal and placental manifestations. We describe the prenatal signs in two recent unrelated patients with confirmed diagnoses soon after birth. In both cases, parents were consanguineous but there was no known family history of mucolipidosis type II. False reassurance was provided after negative testing for another disease with overlapping prenatal manifestations already present in one of the families, emphasizing that offspring of consanguineous parents can be at risk for more than one recessive condition. Our experience illustrates the potential advantages in expanding prenatal applications of WES for the identification of rare single gene disorders in offspring of consanguineous unions.
Severe complication during remission of Crohn’s disease: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis due to acute cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Miechowiecki Jan , Stainer Waltraud , Wallner Gertraud , Tuppy Herwig , Aichinger Walter , Prammer Wolfgang , Kirchgatterer Andreas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction Immunosuppressive therapy is today’s standard treatment of patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The risk for opportunistic infections is increased due to this therapy and is a concern in the management of patient with IBD undergoing such a treatment.
Case report In this paper, we describe a case of an acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a 35-year-old male patient with Crohn’s disease being in remission while receiving azathioprine therapy. His clinical presentation was high-grade fever, night sweats, skin rash, and abdominal pain.Laboratory findings showed pancytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, and high ferritin levels. Sonographic examination revealed splenomegaly and serological analysis proved an acute CMV infection. The severity of the acute illness and these results in the setting of immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine were highly suspicious of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).Further investigations including bone marrow biopsy, analysis of natural killer cell function, and measurement of T-cell activity confirmed the suspected diagnosis. Treatment consisted of antiviral and symptomatic therapy.
Discussion and conclusion HLH is a rare and severe condition triggered by uncontrolled stimulation of histiocytes and lymphocytes, resulting in abnormal cytokine production. The causes can be primary (genetic) or secondary due to acquired immunodeficiency or viral infections such as CMV. Several symptoms of this condition are unspecific, but the summary of clinical symptoms and signs are diagnostic. Treatment consists of specific intervention if possible and application of immunosuppressive drugs such as corticosteroids.
Stellenwert des Débridements bei der Behandlung fokaler (Grad II – III) Knorpelschäden des Kniegelenks. Systematische Literaturübersicht und Empfehlungen der AG Geweberegeneration (DGOU)
Authors: Gelse Kolja , Angele Peter , Behrens Peter , Brucker Peter , Fay Jakob , Günther Daniel , Kreuz Peter , Lützner Jörg , Madry Henning , Müller Peter , Niemeyer Philipp , Pagenstert Geert , Tischer Thomas , Walther Markus , Zinser Wolfgang , Spahn Gunter 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei fokalen teilschichtigen Knorpelläsionen (Grad II – III) besteht im klinischen Alltag oft noch Unsicherheit hinsichtlich des zu empfehlenden therapeutischen Vorgehens. Während bei großflächigen, arthrotischen Knorpelveränderungen das Débridement gemäß der gängigen Lehrmeinung weitgehend abzulehnen ist, so steht eine Empfehlung bei fokalen teilschichtigen Knorpelschäden noch aus.
Material und Methoden In dieser Arbeit wurden die wissenschaftlichen Hintergründe der Knorpelglättung und der Gelenkspülung aufgearbeitet und eine systematische Literaturanalyse bez. des klinischen Effekts des Knorpeldébridements bei fokalen Defekten durchgeführt. Zudem erfolgte auch eine aktuelle Beurteilung dieser Thematik durch die Mitglieder der AG Klinische Geweberegeneration der DGOU auf der Basis eines Konsensusprozesses.
Ergebnisse In therapeutischer Hinsicht sind asymptomatische Läsionen mit stabiler Reststruktur und symptomatische Defekte mit instabilen Fragmenten voneinander zu unterscheiden. Grundsätzlich ist der Nutzen einer Gelenk-Lavage und Knorpelglättung fokalen teilschichtigen Knorpelschäden (Grad II – III) nicht belegt. Das mechanische und thermische Resezieren von Knorpelgewebe führt sogar zu einer Nekrosezone der angrenzenden Knorpelschicht und damit zu einer zusätzlichen Gewebeschädigung. Daher sollte eine großflächige „Glättung“ klinisch asymptomatischer, aufgefaserter oder unregelmäßiger Knorpeldefektareale mit ansonsten stabiler Reststruktur nicht durchgeführt werden. Hingegen kann bei klinischen Symptomen das Resezieren von instabilen und delaminierten Knorpelfragmenten sinnvoll sein, um schädliche Scherspannungen im noch vorhandenen Gewebe zu verringern und damit eine Progredienz des Schadens oder die Bildung von freien Gelenkkörpern zu reduzieren.
Schlussfolgerung Die Entscheidungskriterien für ein Débridement von teilschichtigen, fokalen Knorpelläsionen sind multifaktoriell und berücksichtigen die klinische Symptomatik, die Größe und den Grad des Defektes, die Stabilität der Reststruktur, die Defektlokalisation sowie patientenindividuelle Parameter. Während das Débridement bei asymptomatischen fokalen Läsionen weitgehend abzulehnen ist, kann es bei symptomatischen, instabilen Defektsituationen gerechtfertigt sein.
Angle between terminator and meridian: flat geometry versus formulae of solar azimuth and an easy approach to the daylight map
Authors: de Eulate Martín Perea-Alvarez , Gloria Del Río-Cidoncha , Francisco Montes-Tubío 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The calculation of the angle between the day-night line on the Earth’s surface, a terminator, and the meridian at a given point, at dawn or at sunset, can easily be performed either by means of flat geometry or, for those familiarized with astronomy, through formulae for the Sun’s azimuth and elevation, both derived from spherical trigonometry. The two procedures are compared. An auxiliary angle obtained in the process of derivation via planar geometry becomes useful to represent the daylight map on a terrestrial planisphere.
Nimbus: a design-driven analyses suite for amplicon-based NGS data
Authors: Brouwer R W W , van den Hout M C G N , Kockx C E M , Brosens E , Eussen B , de Klein A , Sleutels F , van IJcken W F J 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Motivation
PCR-based DNA enrichment followed by massively parallel sequencing is a straightforward and cost effective method to sequence genes up to high depth. The full potential of amplicon-based sequencing assays is currently not achieved as analysis methods do not take into account the source amplicons of the detected variants. Tracking the source amplicons has the potential to identify systematic biases, enhance variant calling and improve the designs of future assays.

Results
We present Nimbus, a software suite for the analysis of amplicon-based sequencing data. Nimbus includes tools for data pre-processing, alignment, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), insertion and deletion calling, quality control and visualization. Nimbus can detect SNPs in its alignment seeds and reduces alignment issues by the usage of decoy amplicons. Tracking the amplicons throughout analysis allows easy and fast design optimization by amplicon performance comparison. It enables detection of probable false positive variants present in a single amplicon from real variants present in multiple amplicons and provides multiple sample visualization. Nimbus was tested using HaloPlex Exome datasets and outperforms other callers for low-frequency variants. The variants called by Nimbus were highly concordant between twin samples and SNP-arrays. The Nimbus suite provides an end-to-end solution for variant calling, design optimization and visualization of amplicon-derived next-generation sequencing datasets.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/erasmus-center-for-biomics/Nimbus.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Evaluating a mobile application for improving clinical laboratory test ordering and diagnosis
Authors: Meyer Ashley N D , Thompson Pamela J , Khanna Arushi , Desai Samir , Mathews Benji K , Yousef Elham , Kusnoor Anita V , Singh Hardeep 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objective
Mobile applications for improving diagnostic decision making often lack clinical evaluation. We evaluated if a mobile application improves generalist physicians’ appropriate laboratory test ordering and diagnosis decisions and assessed if physicians perceive it as useful for learning.

Methods
In an experimental, vignette study, physicians diagnosed 8 patient vignettes with normal prothrombin times (PT) and abnormal partial thromboplastin times (PTT). Physicians made test ordering and diagnosis decisions for 4 vignettes using each resource: a mobile app, PTT Advisor, developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)’s Clinical Laboratory Integration into Healthcare Collaborative (CLIHC); and usual clinical decision support. Then, physicians answered questions regarding their perceptions of the app’s usefulness for diagnostic decision making and learning using a modified Kirkpatrick Training Evaluation Framework.

Results
Data from 368 vignettes solved by 46 physicians at 7 US health care institutions show advantages for using PTT Advisor over usual clinical decision support on test ordering and diagnostic decision accuracy (82.6 vs 70.2% correct; P &lt; .001), confidence in decisions (7.5 vs 6.3 out of 10; P &lt; .001), and vignette completion time (3:02 vs 3:53 min.; P = .06). Physicians reported positive perceptions of the app’s potential for improved clinical decision making, and recommended it be used to address broader diagnostic challenges.

Conclusions
A mobile app, PTT Advisor, may contribute to better test ordering and diagnosis, serve as a learning tool for diagnostic evaluation of certain clinical disorders, and improve patient outcomes. Similar methods could be useful for evaluating apps aimed at improving testing and diagnosis for other conditions.
Venomous Snakebite in Thailand II: Clinical Experience
Authors: Pochanugool Charn , Wilde Henry , Bhanganada Kasien , Chanhome Lawan , Cox Merel J. , Chaiyabutr Narongsak , Sitprija Visith 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We reviewed a total of 2,525 snakebite patients in Bangkok. Of these, 1,415 were bitten by venomous snakes, 91 by neurotoxic snakes of genus Naja or Bungarus and 1,324 by snakes of family Viperidae or Crotalidae. Seventy-one percent of bites were on the lower extremity. There were two fatal cobra bites; both patients were dead on arrival at the hospital. Bites from vipers caused morbidity but no deaths. Species-specific antivenins are effective in reversing respiratory failure from cobra bites and coagulopathies from bites by Viperidae and Crotalidae snakes. However, early respiratory and wound care will save lives even in the absence of specific cobra and krait antivenin. Care of a snakebite victim should consist of immobilization and bandaging of the bitten limb with elastic bandages during transport to the hospital, early surgical debridement of necrotic tissue, appropriate infusion of antivenin, aggressive respiratory support, management of shock and infection, and peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. Incision of bite wounds, suctioning, application of ice, and tourniquets are of no proven value and may be dangerous. All snakebite victims in southeast Asia should survive if they receive early competent care.
Inhalation of Volatile Substances: An Emerging Threat to Readiness?
Authors: Wilkerson James Andrew , Burton Mark Preston 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Volatile substance abuse is the deliberate inhalation of volatile substances to achieve intoxication. We discuss the history and pathophysiological effects of commonly abused volatile substances. We explore three deaths and one serious accident in active duty military settings. The causes for abuse in the military environment are numerous and include remote duty, peer influence, low cost, rapid onset, limitation of ethanol use, difficult detection/screening for use, and lack of knowledge among users and authorities. The lethality of these substances and their casual use can constitute a threat to military readiness. Our experience suggests an increase in the use of these substances in the military paralleling their increasing use in the general population. Education and awareness training could limit fatalities and decrease the threat in military and civilian populations.
Noninfectious causes of fever in adults
Authors: Steele Gregory M. , Franco-Paredes Carlos , Chastain Daniel B. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:
Fever is a common clinical sign encountered in hospitalized patients and often represents the cardinal sign of infectious processes. However, a number of noninfectious etiologies causing fever should be considered prior to initiating broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Reducing unnecessary antibiotic use is crucial in an era of increasing resistance.