bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new perspective for pulmonary thromboembolism radiology: ‘Pulmonary vein sign’
Authors: Ermin Sinem , Çinkooğlu Akın , Susam Seher , Batum Özgür , Yılmaz Ufuk 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a clinical condition that can result in sudden death. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is the most sensitive imaging technique for the diagnosis of PTE. Filling defects in the pulmonary veins, which can be identified in areas adjacent to PTE, have been named the ‘pulmonary vein sign’ (PVS).ObjectivesThe aim of our study is to determine the frequency, sensitivity and specificity of PVS due to the decreased venous drainage in the affected area in PTE patients.MethodsPatients who were admitted to the emergency department due to the suspicion of PTE and who underwent CTPA were evaluated retrospectively. The study group consisted of the patients who had an arterial filling defect on CTPA and were diagnosed with PTE. The control group consisted of the patients who had no arterial filling defect on CTPA.ResultsThis study included 286 patients with a mean age of 62(20‐94) years. The PVS was detected in 51(32.7%) of the patients in the study group and in 15(11.5%) of the patients in the control group. The PVS had a sensitivity of 32.69%, a specificity of 88.46%, a positive predictive value of 77.27% and a negative predictive value of 52.27% for PTE. The PVS was significantly more common in the patients having PTE in the bilateral pulmonary arteries or the main pulmonary arteries.ConclusionDespite low sensitivity, the presence of PVS on CTPA is a radiographic marker with high specificity for PTE. To use in practice, there is need for studies with large numbers of patients.
The regulation of interferon type I pathway‐related genes RSAD2 and ETV7 specifically indicates antibody‐mediated rejection after kidney transplantation
Authors: Matz Mareen , Heinrich Frederik , Zhang Qiang , Lorkowski Christine , Seelow Evelyn , Wu Kaiyin , Lachmann Nils , Addo Richard K. , Durek Pawel , Mashreghi Mir‐Farzin , Budde Klemens 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContextAntibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) after kidney transplantation (KTx) remains the crucial obstacle to successful long‐term graft function. The identification of gene signatures involved in ABMR could grant the basis for better prevention and treatment strategies.ObjectiveThe identification of gene signatures in whole blood cells specific for ABMR after KTx.Materials and methodsTotal RNA from blood cells of 16 kidney‐transplanted patients with ABMR, stable graft function (SGF), and with T‐cell‐mediated rejection (TCMR) was isolated. Gene expression was determined by high‐throughput sequencing followed by validation and analyses of differentially expressed candidates on mRNA level and on protein level in a large patient cohort (n = 185) in patients with SGF, urinary tract infection (UTI), borderline rejection (BL), TCMR, ABMR, and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy.ResultsFrom the 570 genes detected, 111 discriminated ABMR from SGF and TCMR. A distinct enrichment of interferon (IFN) type I and type II signature gene set was observed. The expression of candidate genes IFIT1, ETV7, and RSAD2 distinguished ABMR patients from patients with SGF and also TCMR, whereas ETV7 and RSAD2 differentiated ABMR also from BL.ConclusionThe IFN‐inducible genes ETV7 and RSAD2 represent specific biomarkers for ABMR episodes after KTx.
Measuring change in gait performance of children with motor disorders: assessing the Functional Mobility Scale and the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire walking scale
Authors: Ammann‐Reiffer Corinne , Bastiaenen Caroline H G , Van Hedel Hubertus J A 
Published: October 2018

AimTo examine the responsiveness and minimal important change (MIC) of two gait performance measures, the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) and the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire walking scale (FAQ), in a paediatric inpatient setting.MethodSixty‐four children and adolescents with a motor disorder, including cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, or stroke (25 females, 39 males; mean age [SD] 12y 6mo [3y 2mo], range 6–18y 6mo), were recruited. Physiotherapists scored the FMS and FAQ at the start and end of active gait rehabilitation. Change scores were compared with changes in gait capacity tests, the walking item of the Functional Independence Measure for Children, and a global rating scale (GRS) on the physiotherapists’ perceived change of the child's functional mobility. The GRS was also used to define the MIC.ResultsChange scores of the FMS and FAQ correlated between 0.35 and 0.49 with those of the capacity tests, 0.54 to 0.76 with the Functional Independence Measure for Children walking item change scores, and 0.57 to 0.76 with the GRS. The MIC values for the FMS and FAQ were 0.5 and 1.5 respectively.InterpretationFMS and FAQ can illustrate change in inpatient gait performance of children and adolescents with motor disorders. An improvement of one level in the FMS and two levels in the FAQ is considered as a clinically meaningful change.What this paper adds

The Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) can detect change in children's inpatient gait performance.

The Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire walking scale (FAQ) can also detect change in children's inpatient gait performance.

A one‐level improvement in the FMS is clinically relevant.

A two‐level improvement in the FAQ is clinically relevant.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in r/r Hodgkin lymphoma after treatment with checkpoint inhibitors: Feasibility and safety
Authors: Dada Reyad , Usman Binyam 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesRelapsed cHL patients after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with treatment‐sensitive disease are potential candidates for curative allogeneic HSCT. However, there are some concerns around performing such procedure after checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs).MethodsWe collected published data of patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT after treatment with CPIs (cohort 1). Abstracts of recent conferences (2015‐2017; ASCO, ASH, EBMT, ASBMT) were also included. Results were compared with safety of recent studies (2015‐2018) with allogeneic HSCT without CPIs (cohort 2).ResultsA total of 272 records were screened. After exclusion of duplications, cohorts 1 and 2 included each 6 publications with 122 and 978 patients, respectively. Grade 3‐4 acute GVHD in cohort 1 was found in 28% vs 8% in cohort 2 (P = 0.02). Chronic GVHD was observed in 26% vs 29%, respectively. NRM was 15% which remained relatively stable after 6 months of allogeneic HSCT vs 19% in cohort 2.ConclusionsThis is the largest pooled analysis of its kind published so far. Our results suggest that allogeneic HSCT after CPIs is feasible and not associated with higher mortality. However, careful consideration should be given for prevention, early detection, and effective treatment of GVHD in these cases. Additional prospective studies are needed for further clarification.
Guideline‐based and bioinformatic reassessment of lesion‐associated gene and variant pathogenicity in focal human epilepsies
Authors: Niestroj Lisa‐Marie , Du Juanjiangmeng , Nothnagel Michael , May Patrick , Palotie Aarno , Daly Mark J. , Nürnberg Peter , Blümcke Ingmar , Lal Dennis 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveIncreasing availability of surgically resected brain tissue from patients with focal epilepsy and focal cortical dysplasia or low‐grade glioneuronal tumors has fostered large‐scale genetic examination. However, assessment of pathogenicity of germ line and somatic variants remains difficult. Here, we present a state‐of‐the‐art evaluation of reported genes and variants associated with epileptic brain lesions.MethodsWe critically reevaluated the pathogenicity for all neuropathology‐associated variants reported to date in the PubMed and ClinVar databases, including 101 neuropathology‐associated missense variants encompassing 11 disease‐related genes. We assessed gene variant tolerance and classified all identified missense variants according to guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). We further extended the bioinformatic variant prediction by introducing a novel gene‐specific deleteriousness ranking for prediction scores.ResultsApplication of ACMG guidelines and in silico gene variant tolerance analysis classified only seven of 11 genes to be likely disease‐associated according to the reported disease mechanism, whereas 61 (60.4%) of 101 variants of those genes were classified as of uncertain significance, 37 (36.6%) as being likely pathogenic, and 3 (3%) as being pathogenic.SignificanceWe concluded that the majority of neuropathology‐associated variants reported to date do not have enough evidence to be classified as pathogenic. Interpretation of lesion‐associated variants remains challenging, and application of current ACMG guidelines is recommended for interpretation and prediction.
A plant‐specific model approach to assess effects of repowering measures on existing biogas plants: The case of Baden‐Wuerttemberg
Authors: Güsewell Joshua , Härdtlein Marlies , Eltrop Ludger 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUp to the latest versions of the German renewable energy act (EEG), there had been a constant growth of new biogas plants (BGPs). After reaching a stagnation in the last years, today the focus has shifted to improving the existing BGPs. Assuming that most plants have not reached the technical end of life, the question arises on how an operation can be realized beyond the initial EEG support period of 20 years. In addition, new legal and economic conditions require the implementation of adjustments, that is, “repowering measures.” Based on a method review, a plant‐specific model approach is presented to assess repowering measures for a wide range of BGPs differing in capacity, substrate mixture and agricultural structures. The techno‐economic model includes different performance indicators like levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and temporal aspects like technical progress. Using a data set for BGPs in the state of Baden‐Wuerttemberg (Germany), results are illustrated for the different model modules and three repowering scenarios of an extended operation period of ten years. The scenarios regard different options to meet the requirements of the current EEG, namely the flexibilization and restrictions on energy crops, in comparison with a reference case. While in repowering scenarios, the number of plants decreases between 54% and 69% and the overall power capacity changes between −48% and 13% until 2035. The results further show a reduction potential in the specific area demand and GHG emission up to 12% and 24%, respectively. Technical progress, additional revenues and capacity premiums are shown to be an important factor for efficient substrate utilization, low LCOE and thereby the enabling of an extended operation period. The scenario results indicate that the agricultural areas for energy crop cultivation and the amount of manure used in BGPs will be reduced considerably, inducing new chances and challenges in the future.
Potential harms associated with routine collection of patient sociodemographic information: A rapid review
Authors: Petkovic Jennifer , Duench Stephanie L. , Welch Vivian , Rader Tamara , Jennings Alison , Forster Alan J. , Tugwell Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundHealth systems are recommended to capture routine patient sociodemographic data as a key step in providing equitable person‐centred care. However, collection of this information has the potential to cause harm, especially for vulnerable or potentially disadvantaged patients.ObjectiveTo identify harms perceived or experienced by patients, their families, or health‐care providers from collection of sociodemographic information during routine health‐care visits and to identify best practices for when, by whom and how to collect this information.Search StrategyWe searchedOVID MEDLINE, PubMed “related articles” viaNLMand healthevidence.org to the end of January 2018 and assessed reference lists and related citations of included studies.Inclusion CriteriaWe included studies reporting on harms of collecting patient sociodemographic information in health‐care settings.Data Extraction and SynthesisData on study characteristics and types of harms were extracted and summarized narratively.Main ResultsEighteen studies were included; 13 provided patient perceptions or experiences with the collection of these data and seven studies reported on provider perceptions. Five reported on patient recommendations for collecting sociodemographic information. Patients and providers reported similar potential harms which were grouped into the following themes: altered behaviour which may affect care‐seeking, data misuse or privacy concerns, discomfort, discrimination, offence or negative reactions, and quality of care. Patients suggested that sociodemographic information be collected face to face by a physician.Discussion and ConclusionsOverall, patients support the collection of sociodemographic information. However, harms are possible, especially for some population subgroups. Harms may be mitigated by providing a rationale for the collection of this information.
Cholesterol crystals in periapical lesions of root filled teeth
Authors: Plengwitthaya C. , Dhanuthai K. , Chantarangsu S. , Ratisoontorn C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the prevalence of cholesterol crystals in periapical biopsies and to evaluate the correlation between cholesterol crystals in periapical biopsies and age, gender, location of the periapical lesion, pathologic diagnosis and lesion size.MethodologyThe biopsy report database (Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand) during 2005–2014 was reviewed. The prevalence of cholesterol crystals in the periapical lesions of root filled teeth was determined. Pathological diagnosis, patients’ age, gender and the location (maxilla or mandible) of the periapical lesion were obtained from treatment records. The area of the lesion from the periapical radiograph before surgery was calculated using ImageJ software. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between independent variables and the presence of cholesterol crystals.ResultsThe overall prevalence of cholesterol crystals was 20.31%. The periapical biopsies >100 mm2 in size on periapical films had a significantly greater prevalence of cholesterol crystals than those <100 mm2 (P = 0.005). The biopsies diagnosed as radicular cysts had a significantly greater prevalence of cholesterol crystals than the biopsies with other diagnoses (P < 0.001). A pathological diagnosis of radicular cyst was the variable with the strongest association with the presence of cholesterol crystals (P < 0.001; adjusted OR, 12.39).ConclusionsPresence of cholesterol crystals was associated with periapical lesion diagnosed as a radicular cyst and lesion >100 mm2 in area. Age, gender and location of the lesion did not influence the presence of cholesterol crystals.
Financing knowledge, risk attitude and P2P borrowing in China
Authors: Han Lu , Xiao Jing Jian , Su Zhi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe advance of Internet technology has provided a convenient market platform for matching lending and borrowing parties, but many consumers still hesitate to use online borrowing. To better understand consumer behaviour in online borrowing, we use nationally representative survey data in China to explore factors affecting consumer use of one type of online borrowing, person to person (P2P) borrowing. Through empirical analyses, we find that financing knowledge and risk attitude are two key factors associated with P2P borrowing. Results show that financing knowledge is directly associated with P2P borrowing, while risk attitude through an instrument variable is associated with P2P borrowing also. Given these results, an effective way to expand the consumer Internet borrowing market in China is to enhance consumer financial literacy education.
The family meal as an ideal: Children’s perceptions of foodwork and commensality in everyday life and feasts
Authors: Persson Osowski Christine , Mattsson Sydner Ylva 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe present article concerns meals from the point of view of children, focusing on structural and sociocultural aspects of meals in a Western context in general, and Sweden in particular. The aim was to study children's perceptions of meals with regard to what, where and with whom meals are eaten and how meals are made. The method used was an internet‐based, ethnological questionnaire, which is a qualitative method in which participants share their experiences and values regarding a certain topic of interest in writing. A hundred and twelve Swedish children were included. The children almost exclusively chose to write about family meals. These meals were described as well‐structured and organized, and were often portrayed in an idealized way, with family members sharing proper meals at home, spending an enjoyable time together with a nice atmosphere and good conversation. The children made a distinction between everyday meals and festive meals, where the main differences were that festive meals were more prone to include extended family and friends besides the nuclear family, and were described in a more exceptional way with regard to what is served and mealtime conditions. The article concludes that the family meal functioned as a way to construct the family and as a site where children acquire norms and values about meals and family identity, but they did so in an active way, by breaking rules and by challenging norms, thereby also contributing to change. The changing nature of the family meal was also seen in an extended proper meal and the commensal aspects surrounding mealtime, as commensality included both commensal eating and commensal foodwork.
Forensic psychiatric patients’ perceptions of situations associated with mechanical restraint: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Tingleff Ellen B. , Hounsgaard Lise , Bradley Stephen K. , Gildberg Frederik A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo reduce the use and duration of mechanical restraint in forensic settings and ensure evidence‐based patient care, we need more knowledge about patients’ subjective experiences and perceptions. The aim was to investigate forensic psychiatric patients’ perceptions of situations associated with the use of mechanical restraint and what they perceive as factors impacting the use and duration of mechanical restraint. Twenty participants were interviewed. Four themes were identified through a thematic analysis: ‘overt protest reactions’, ‘silent protest reactions’, ‘illness‐related behaviour’, and ‘genuinely calm’, which together characterize patients’ perceptions of their ways of acting and reacting during mechanical restraint episodes. These themes are linked together in two patterns in the process of mechanical restraint: ‘pattern of protest’ and ‘pattern of illness’. Further research is needed to illuminate the associations between patients’ perceptions of being subjected to mechanical restraint and ways of acting and reacting through the process of mechanical restraint.
Oestrogen receptor alpha, growth hormone receptor, and developmental defect of enamel
Authors: Arid Juliana , Oliveira Daniela B. , Evangelista Silvane S. , Vasconcelos Katia R. F. , Dutra André L. T. , de Oliveira Sara S. , de Queiroz Alexandra M. , Nelson‐Filho Paulo , Vieira Alexandre R. , Küchler Erika C. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundOestrogen (ES) and growth hormone (GH) are hormones that may have a role in caries aetiology and developmental defects of enamel (DDE) since their receptors (ERs and GHR) are expressed during amelogenesis.AimTo evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms in the genes that codify the ERα (ESR1) and GHR are associated with caries experience and DDE in children.DesignTwo hundred and sixteen children of both genders, aged 9‐12 years, were examined and classified according to caries and DDE phenotype. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells in saliva. Genetic polymorphisms in ERS1 (rs1884051 and rs12154178) and GHR (rs297305, rs2940913, rs2910875, and rs1509460) were genotyped using TaqMan chemistry. Data were analysed by PLINK, while the chi‐square test was used to compare allele and genotype distributions (alpha of 5%).ResultsA total of 131 children (60.7%) had caries experience, and 43 (19.9%) presented DDE. Genotype and allele distributions were not associated with caries experience (P > 0.05). Genotype and allele distributions between DDE, affected and unaffected, were associated with the polymorphism rs12154178 in ESR1 (P = 0.01 and P = 0.001, respectively) and with the polymorphism rs1509460 in GHR (P = 0.05 and P = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionsGenetic polymorphisms in ERS1 (rs12154178) and GHR (rs1509460) are associated with DDE.
Divergent subgenome evolution after allopolyploidization in African clawed frogs (Xenopus)
Authors: Furman Benjamin L. S. , Dang Utkarsh J. , Evans Ben J. , Golding G. Brian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWhole genome duplication (WGD), the doubling of the nuclear DNA of a species, contributes to biological innovation by creating genetic redundancy. One mode of WGD is allopolyploidization, wherein each genome from two ancestral species becomes a ‘subgenome’ of a polyploid descendant species. The evolutionary trajectory of a duplicated gene that arises from WGD is influenced both by natural selection that may favour redundant, new or partitioned functions, and by gene silencing (pseudogenization). Here, we explored how these two phenomena varied over time and within allopolyploid genomes in several allotetraploid clawed frog species (Xenopus). Our analysis demonstrates that, across these polyploid genomes, purifying selection was greatly relaxed compared to a diploid outgroup, was asymmetric between each subgenome, and that coding regions are shorter in the subgenome with more relaxed purifying selection. As well, we found that the rate of gene loss was higher in the subgenome under weaker purifying selection and that this rate has remained relatively consistent over time after WGD. Our findings provide perspective from recently evolved vertebrates on the evolutionary forces that likely shape allopolyploid genomes on other branches of the tree of life.
A pilot study of oral tranexamic acid and Glycyrrhizin compound in the treatment of recalcitrant Riehl’s melanosis
Authors: Xu Zhongyi , Xing Xiaoxue , Zhang Chengfeng , Chen Li , Flora Xiang Leihong 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBackgroundUp till now, there is no standardized and satisfactory treatment strategy for Riehl’s melanosis.ObjectiveIn this pilot study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel combination therapy with oral administration of tranexamic acid (TA) and Glycyrrhizin compound for recalcitrant Riehl’s melanosis.MethodsTen patients with Riehl’s melanosis were recruited in this study. After elimination of potential contraindication, all patients were treated with 500 mg TA together with 150 mg Glycyrrhizin compound per day orally for 3 months, followed by 500 mg TA per day orally alone for another 3 months. Lesions were imaged by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), dermatoscopy, and VISIA® Complexion Analysis System monthly. Mexameter was adopted to evaluate Melanin Index (MI) and Erythema Index (EI). Clinical outcome scores were given by both physicians and patients.ResultsSeven out of ten patients received “marked improvement”, while two received “moderate improvement” and one “minimal improvement” at the final visit. Both mean MI and EI were significantly decreased compared with baselines. Furthermore, RCM and dermatoscopy analyses confirmed the improvement of pigmentation and erythema with decreased pigment granules and telangiectatic vessels.ConclusionOral administration of TA in combination with Glycyrrhizin compound may be an effective therapy for Asian patients with recalcitrant Riehl’s melanosis.