bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of metabolomics associated with quality differences between room‐temperature‐ and low‐temperature‐stored litchi pulps
Authors: Guo Xiaomeng , Luo Tao , Han Dongmei , Wu Zhenxian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStudies on how temperature affects the postharvest quality of litchi have focused mainly on pericarp browning but rarely on the metabolites in postharvest litchi pulp. In this study, the differences in respiration rates, total soluble solid content, and titratable acid content demonstrated that room and low temperatures have different effects on the quality of “Feizixiao” litchi pulp. UHPLC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS analysis was performed to compare the differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in litchi pulp after 8 days of storage at room temperature (RT‐8 d) with those in litchi pulp after 28 days of storage at low temperature (LT‐28 d). Nineteen carbohydrates (phosphohexoses, sorbitol, and mannose), fifteen acids, seven amino acids, nine energy metabolites and nucleotides, and six aliphatic and secondary metabolites were identified as common DEMs in RT‐8 d and LT‐28 d pulps. These findings indicated active fructose and mannose metabolism and increased catabolism of nicotinate, nicotinamide, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate. Four carbohydrates (mainly phosphohexoses), five acids, ten amino acids, three aliphatic and secondary metabolites, and one hormone were identified as unique DEMs in RT‐8 d pulp, the consumption of key metabolites in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and accumulation of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. Active consumption of nucleotide metabolites and biosynthesis of aliphatics in LT‐28 d pulp were indicated by unique DEMs (eleven carbohydrates, four acids, seven amino acids, seven energy metabolites and nucleotides, and six aliphatic and secondary metabolites). These results provided an unambiguous metabolic fingerprint, thereby revealing how room and low temperatures differentially influenced the quality of litchi pulp.
Robust Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate methods for detection and quantification of urea adulteration in fresh milk samples
Authors: Mabood Fazal , Ali Liaqat , Boque Ricard , Abbas Ghulam , Jabeen Farah , Haq Quazi Mohammad Imranul , Hussain Javid , Hamaed Ahmed Moahammed , Naureen Zakira , Al‐Nabhani Mahmood , Khan Mohammed Ziauddin , Khan Ajmal , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractUrea is added as an adulterant to give milk whiteness and increase its consistency for improving the solid not fat percentage, but the excessive amount of urea in milk causes overburden and kidney damages. Here, an innovative sensitive methodology based on near‐infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis has been proposed for the robust detection and quantification of urea adulteration in fresh milk samples. In this study, 162 fresh milk samples were used, those consisting 20 nonadulterated samples (without urea) and 142 with urea adulterant. Eight different percentage levels of urea adulterant, that is, 0.10%, 0.30%, 0.50%, 0.70%, 0.90%, 1.10%, 1.30%, and 1.70%, were prepared, each of them prepared in triplicates. A Frontier NIR spectrophotometer (BSEN60825‐1:2007) by Perkin Elmer was used for scanning the absorption of each sample in the wavenumber range of 10,000–4,000 cm‐1, using 0.2 mm path length CaF2 sealed cell at resolution of 2 cm‐1. Principal components analysis (PCA), partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), and partial least‐squares regressions (PLSR) methods were applied for the multivariate analysis of the NIR spectral data collected. PCA was used to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral data and to explore the similarities and differences among the fresh milk samples and the adulterated ones. PLS‐DA also showed the discrimination between the nonadulterated and adulterated milk samples. The R‐square and root mean square error (RMSE) values obtained for the PLS‐DA model were 0.9680 and 0.08%, respectively. Furthermore, PLSR model was also built using the training set of NIR spectral data to make a regression model. For this PLSR model, leave‐one‐out cross‐validation procedure was used as an internal cross‐validation criteria and the R‐square and the root mean square error (RMSE) values for the PLSR model were found as 0.9800 and 0.56%, respectively. The PLSR model was then externally validated using a test set. The root means square error of prediction (RMSEP) obtained was 0.48%. The present proposed study was intended to contribute toward the development of a robust, sensitive, and reproducible method to detect and determine the urea adulterant concentration in fresh milk samples.
The EUSTACE global land station daily air temperature dataset
Authors: Brugnara Yuri , Good Elizabeth , Squintu Antonello A. , van der Schrier Gerard , Brönnimann Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe describe a global dataset of quality‐controlled in situ daily air temperature observations covering the period 1850–2015, developed in the framework of the EUSTACE (EU Surface Temperature for All Corners of Earth) project (www.eustaceproject.org). The dataset includes a total of 35,364 daily series of maximum and minimum temperature obtained from seven different collections. About 97% of the series are publicly available in a common format, while the remaining 3% can be obtained from the original data providers. Unlike other similar products, duplicates have been removed without blending of series, which simplifies data traceability and improves the temporal homogeneity of the individual series at the cost of a smaller average length. Residual artificial signals (breakpoints) in the series caused by station relocations, changes in instrumentation, etc., have been detected by means of the combination of four breakpoint detection tests, four variables and three temporal aggregations. The combined results give not only the most probable position of the breakpoints, but also a measure of their likelihood. The reliability of the detection was estimated for each year of each target series, based on the number of reference series and on their correlation with the target series. Moreover, its general performance was evaluated through a benchmark of synthetic series. This product will be combined with datasets of marine and ice in situ air temperature observations and with measurements from satellite to produce the first complete global statistical reconstruction of daily near‐surface air temperature.
Environmental trends between 2400 and 1200 BP in Barrancas, Argentinean Puna: Impacts on local resource variability and socioeconomic organization
Authors: Oxman Brenda I. , Pirola Malena , Bustos Sabrina , Morales Marcelo R. , Tchilinguirian Pablo , Orgeira María Julia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a multiproxy analysis—geomorphology, organic matter, and carbonate content, diatoms, pollen, and magnetic properties of sediments—of the Barrancas Pueblo profile, located in Barrancas, Jujuy, Argentina (S 23°18′08,7; W 66°05′15,2; 3666 m.a.s.l.) to explore local environmental change over the last few millennia. This study is part of a broader investigation of the environmental conditions that facilitated and/or triggered the development of a mixed herding and hunting economic strategy during the late Holocene. The results suggest ongoing local moisture availability for most of the late Holocene; between 2400 and 1500 BP there was a stable, low energy environment that supported a vegetated floodplain, resulting in high availability of pasture and water. However, throughout most of the studied period, there were punctual arid episodes and erosion of the river catchment. High environmental variability post‐3000 cal BP could have put a premium on strategies to reduce the risk associated with resource unpredictability, such as economic specialization and intensification and storage practices designed to control and mitigate resource variability. This process could have ultimately lead to the consolidation of the Andean pastoralist way of life ca. 3000–2500 BP.
Subcortical structural variations associated with low socioeconomic status in adolescents
Authors: Jenkins Lisanne M. , Chiang Jessica J. , Vause Katherine , Hoffer Lauren , Alpert Kathryn , Parrish Todd B. , Wang Lei , Miller Gregory E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLow socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a higher probability of multiple exposures (e.g., neighborhood violence, poor nutrition, housing instability, air pollution, and insensitive caregiving) known to affect structural development of subcortical brain regions that subserve threat and reward processing, however, few studies have examined the relationship between SES and such subcortical structures in adolescents. We examined SES variations in volume and surface morphometry of subcortical regions. The sample comprised 256 youth in eighth grade (mean age = 13.9 years), in whom high dimensional deformation mapping of structural 3T magnetic resonance imaging scans was performed. Vertex‐wise linear regression analyses examined associations between income to poverty ratio and surfaces of the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens and pallidum, with the covariates age, pubertal status, and intracranial volume. Given sex differences in pubertal development and subcortical maturation at this age, the analyses were stratified by sex. Among males, who at this age average an earlier pubertal stage than females, the relationship between SES and local shape variation in subcortical regions was almost entirely positive. For females, the relationship between SES and local shape variation was negative. Racial identity was associated with SES in our sample, however supplementary analyses indicated that most of the associations between SES and subcortical structure were independent of it. Although these cross‐sectional results are not definitive, they are consistent with a scenario where low SES delays structural maturation of subcortical regions involved with threat and reward processing. Future longitudinal studies are needed to test this hypothesis.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in advanced stage ovarian carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Salman Lina , Sabah Gad , Jakobson‐Setton Ariella , Raban Oded , Yeoshoua Effi , Eitan Ram 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the prognostic significance of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) upon diagnosis, and its impact on surgical outcome, among patients with advanced stage ovarian carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).MethodsA retrospective cohort study included all women with stage IIIC and IV ovarian carcinoma receiving NACT in Rabin Medical Center, Petah‐Tikva, Israel; January 1, 2005, to June 30, 2017. Demographics and treatment outcome were compared between patients with NLR at diagnosis ≥6.0 and those with NLR <6.0. Primary outcome was optimal debulking (<1 cm largest residual disease). Overall survival was compared between groups using Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis.ResultsOf 111 patients, 33 (29.7%) had NLR ≥6.0 at diagnosis, and 78 (70.3%) had NLR <6.0. No difference was found in rates of optimal debulking between the group with NLR ≥6.0 and that with NLR <6.0 (78.9% vs 84.7%, respectively, P=0.555).Using Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis, NLR ≥6.0 was associated with significantly worse overall survival (P<0.05). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model, elevated NLR was not statistically associated with poor overall survival (P=0.080).ConclusionsIn advanced stage ovarian carcinoma, NLR ≥6.0 at diagnosis did not predict surgical outcome, however it was a predictive factor for poor overall survival.
Preparation and preclinical evaluation of two novel Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharide 5 and 8‐fusion protein (Hla‐MntC‐SACOL0723) immunoconjugates
Authors: Ahmadi Khadijeh , Aslani Mohammad M. , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Faezi Sobhan , Kalani Mehdi , Pourmand Mohammad R. , Ghaedi Tayebe , Havaei Seyed A. , Mahdavi Mehdi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens in the hospital and the community. The emergence of broad‐spectrum antibiotic resistance in S. aureus has made the treatment process more difficult. Therefore, it is obvious that an effective prevention strategy against the pathogen could significantly reduce costs related to care in hospitals. In this report, we describe a simple approach to conjugate S. aureus capsular polysaccharide 5 (CP5) from S. aureus Reynolds strain and 8 (CP8) from S. aureus Becker strain to a fusion protein (Hla‐MntC‐SACOL0723) and investigation of its bioactivity. The conjugation was done by using ADH (as a bridge) and EDAC (as a coupling agent). The immunoconjugates were characterized by routine polysaccharide/protein contents assays followed by reverse phase chromatography and FTIR spectroscopy. The groups of mice were immunized with conjugate vaccines, capsular polysaccharides, and phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) as a control group. The functional activity of the vaccine candidates was evaluated by ELISA, opsonophagocytosis tests, and determination of bacterial load in challenge study. The results showed that the specific antibody (total IgG) titers raised against conjugate molecules were higher than those of the nonconjugated capsular polysaccharides. The opsonic activity of the conjugate vaccines antisera was significantly higher than polysaccharides alone (58% reduction in the number of bacteria versus 16.3% at 1:2 dilution, p < .05), Further, the conjugate vaccine group had a significant reduction in bacterial load after challenge with S. aureus COL strain cells as compared to the PBS and nonconjugated controls. In conclusion, the immunoconjugates could be developed as a potential vaccine candidate against S. aureus.
Interplay of temperature, thermal‐stresses and strains in laser‐assisted modification of collagenous tissues: Speckle‐contrast and OCT‐based studies
Authors: Baum Olga I. , Zaitsev Vladimir Y. , Yuzhakov Alexey V. , Sviridov Alexander P. , Novikova Maria L. , Matveyev Alexander L. , Matveev Lev A. , Sovetsky Alexander A. , Sobol Emil N. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractModerate heating of collagenous tissues such as cartilage and cornea by infrared laser irradiation can produce biologically nondestructive structural rearrangements and relaxation of internal stresses resulting in the tissue reshaping. The reshaping results and eventual changes in optical and biological properties of the tissue strongly depend on the laser‐irradiation regime. Here, a speckle‐contrast technique based on monochromatic illumination of the tissue in combination with strain mapping by means of optical coherence elastography (OCE) is applied to reveal the interplay between the temperature and thermal stress fields producing tissue modifications. The speckle‐based technique ensured en face visualization of cross correlation and contrast of speckle images, with evolving proportions between contributions of temperature increase and thermal‐stresses determined by temperature gradients. The speckle‐technique findings are corroborated by quantitative OCE‐based depth‐resolved imaging of irradiation‐induced strain‐evolution. The revealed relationships can be used for real‐time control of the reshaping procedures (e.g., for laser shaping of cartilaginous implants in otolaryngology and maxillofacial surgery) and optimization of the laser‐irradiation regimes to ensure the desired reshaping using lower and biologically safer temperatures. The figure of waterfall OCE‐image demonstrates how the strain‐rate maximum arising in the heating‐beam center gradually splits and drifts towards the zones of maximal thermal stresses located at the temperature‐profile slopes.
Therapeutic effect of high‐frequency ultrasound‐assisted dye laser on hemangioma and its influence on serum HIF‐1α in patients
Authors: Hu Hongzhang , Song Pengyuan , Yang Jinyan , Wang Xia , Chen Zhaohui , Fang Jianhua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the therapeutic effect of high‐frequency ultrasound (HFU)‐assisted dye laser on hemangioma patients and changes in serum hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α).MethodsA total of 20 patients diagnosed with hemangioma in our hospital from January 2013 to March 2018 were selected, including 12 males and eight females. All patients were treated with HFU‐assisted dye laser. The site and type of hemangioma and age distribution of patients were collected, and changes in data and area of hemangioma and serum HIF‐1α before and after treatment were analyzed.ResultsThe vascular condition of hemangioma in all patients was significantly improved at 7, 14, and 30 days after treatment. Gray‐scale ultrasound displayed that the tumor area was reduced by more than 50%. After treatment, the serum HIF‐1α level declined obviously after treatment compared with that before treatment, showing a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).ConclusionHFU‐assisted dye laser can effectively reduce the tumor area, decrease the serum HIF‐1α level, and improve the prognosis in the treatment of hemangioma.
Long noncoding RNA FBXL19‐AS1 induces tumor growth and metastasis by sponging miR‐203a‐3p in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Liming , Zhang Xin , Liu Yang , Xu Shun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe pivotal roles of long noncoding RNAs have been reported in various cancers. Recently, FBXL19‐AS1 was proposed to be involved in tumor progression. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive. In this study, we observed that FBXL19‐AS1 was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues and high FBXL19‐AS1 expression in LUAD was associated with a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, miR‐203‐3p showed the opposite effect. Moreover, cell viability and apoptosis analysis revealed that FBXL19‐AS1 knockdown could arrest LUAD cells in G0/G1 phase and inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and inhibited LUAD tumor progress in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified FBXL19‐AS1 could act as a miR‐203a‐3p sponge using dual‐luciferase reporter assay. In addition, we demonstrated that downregulation of miR‐203a‐3p reversed growth inhibition of LUAD cells caused by FBXL19‐AS1 knockdown. Finally, FBXL19‐AS1/miR‐203a‐3p axis was found to associate with baculoviral IAP repeat‐containing protein 5.1‐A‐like (survivin), distal‐less homeobox 5, E2F transcription factor 1, and zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 2 to regulate metastasis in LUAD cells. This study reveals a significance and mechanism of FBXL19‐AS1 in LUAD proliferation and metastasis and offers a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for patients with LUAD.
Upcycling brewer's spent grain waste into activated carbon and carbon nanotubes for energy and other applications via two‐stage activation
Authors: Osman Ahmed I , O'Connor Edward , McSpadden Glenn , Abu‐Dahrieh Jehad K , Farrell Charlie , Al‐Muhtaseb Ala'a H , Harrison John , Rooney David W 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDBrewer's Spent Grain (BSG), a form of lignocellulosic biomass more commonly known as barley waste was used to synthesize activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The produced materials were used in water remediation application.RESULTSA novel approach involving two activation steps; first, with phosphoric acid (designated BAC‐P) and then using potassium hydroxide (designated BAC‐K) was proposed for the production of AC and CNTs from BSG. The AC produced showed a surface area as high as 692.3 m2 g−1 with a pore volume of 0.44 cm3 g−1. This can help aid and facilitate the circular economy by effectively upcycling and valorizing waste lignocellulosic biomass to high surface area AC and subsequently, multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Consequently, MWCNTs were prepared from the produced AC by mixing it with the nitrogen (N)‐based material melamine and iron precursor, iron (III) oxalate hexahydrate, where it produced hydrophilic MWCNTs. Both AC and CNT materials were used in heavy metal removal (HMR), where the maximum lead absorption was observed for sample BAC‐K with 77% removal capacity after the first hour of testing.CONCLUSIONThis result signifies that the synthesis of these upcycled materials can have an application in the areas of wastewater treatment or other AC/CNT end uses with a rapid cycle time. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolutionary transitions revisited: Holobiont evo‐devo
Authors: Gilbert Scott F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractJohn T. Bonner lists four essential transformations in the evolution of life: the emergence of the eukaryotic cell, meiosis, multicellularity, and the nervous system. This paper analyses the mechanisms for those transitions in light of three of Dr. Bonner's earlier hypotheses: (a) that the organism is its life cycle, (b) that evolution consists of alterations of the life cycle, and (c) that development extends beyond the body and into interactions with other organisms. Using the notion of the holobiont life cycle, this paper attempts to show that these evolutionary transitions can be accomplished through various means of symbiosis. Perceiving the organism both as an interspecies consortium and as a life cycle supports a twofold redefinition of the organism as a holobiont constructed by integrating together the life cycles of several species. These findings highlight the importance of symbiosis and the holobiont development in analyses of evolution.
Climatic trends in fog occurrence over the Indo‐Gangetic plains
Authors: Kutty Saumya Govindan , Dimri Ashok Priyadarshan , Gultepe Ismail 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Indo‐Gangetic plains (IGP) in India witness widespread fog during winter months of December–January–February (DJF) since 1970s at temperatures between 5 and 20°C. Despite its vast spatial extent, the localized physical nature of fog over various time and space scales limits successful attempts of its accurate prediction. This poses a challenge towards reducing calamities and huge economic losses associated with the consequent visibility degradation. Increasing rate of urbanization and both enhanced natural and anthropogenic forcing influence fog formation, persistence, and dissipation. It is imperative to understand the associated changes in fog trends to ascertain the effect of these forcing on fog and quantify its prediction. Therefore, the trends in fog occurrence over the Indo‐Gangetic plains are assessed for a period of 37 years from 1977/1978–2013/2014 (DJF). A statistically significant increasing trend in fog frequency is found to be related to changes in associated meteorological parameters. The shift of visibility around year of 1998 is indicated by important changes occurred in temperature, humidity, and wind speed. Distinct patterns before and after 1998 are observed for fog visibility conditions and that may have significant implications for weather forecasts and local climate change.