bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Pollinators of Different Species of Oil Palm with the Metabolic Profiling of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Alves Filho Elenilson G. , Brito Rafaela S. , Rodrigues Tigressa Helena S. , Silva Lorena Mara A. , de Brito Edy S. , Canuto Kirley M. , Krug Cristiane , Zocolo Guilherme J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development of studies on emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by inflorescence of oil palms deserves a special attention regarding the importance to reproduction success and for increase of production. This study aimed to evaluate metabolic profiling of VOCs expelled by male and female inflorescences of different oil palm species (African oil palm, Amazonian Caiaué and the interspecific hybrid BRS‐Manicoré), associating the composition variability with main pollinators to improve the comprehension of the plant−insect relationship. The phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and the aliphatic hydrocarbons were predominant classes detected in inflorescences of oil palms and the major compound was estragole. This result may be correlated with attraction of Elaidobius pollinators, since these insects were not attracted by Caiaué, which emitted estragole only in trace amounts. However, Caiaué and the hybrid species were visited by other native species whose frequencies were low and their success as pollinators could not be expected.
Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of an Artificial, Fluorescent Glucosinolate (GSL)
Authors: Glindemann Carina Patrizia , Backenköhler Anita , Strieker Matthias , Wittstock Ute , Klahn Philipp 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of the first example of a fluorescent glucosinolate (GSL)–BODIPY conjugate based on an azide‐containing artificial GSL precursor (GSL‐N3) is reported. Biochemical evaluation of the artificial GSLs revealed that the compounds are converted to the corresponding isothiocyanates in the presence of myrosinase. Furthermore, myrosinase‐catalyzed hydrolysis in the presence of plant specifier proteins yielded the expected alternative products, namely nitriles. The easy assembly of the fluorescent GSL–BODIPY conjugate by click chemistry from GSL‐N3 holds potential for application as a fluorescence labeling tool to investigate GSL‐associated processes.
Construction of Pd/BiOCl Catalyst for Highly‐selective Synthesis of Benzoin Ethyl Ether by Chlorine Promoted Coupling Reaction
Authors: Yuan Qinglin , Gong Wanbing , Ye Yixing , Liu Jun , Lin Yue , Chen Chun , Zhang Haimin , Li Pengfei , Cheng Weiren , Wei Xiangjun , Liang Changhao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExploring novel catalyst supports with unique performance creates more opportunity for transforming organic chemicals in heterogeneous catalysis. In this paper, BiOCl is first presented as an effective support for Pd nanoparticles (NPs) toward application in the coupling reaction of benzaldehyde. The Cl− ion dissociates from BiOCl, which forms nucleophile with Pd nanoparticles; this is key for the one‐step synthesis of benzoin ethyl ether, the conversion and selectivity of which can reach to 100 % and 97.9 % at 100 °C, respectively. DFT calculations reveal that Cl− ions can be stabilized by stronger Bi−Cl bonds through doping of Fe ions in substituting Bi sites in BiOCl. The parallel catalytic evaluation using Pd/Fe‐doped BiOCl catalyst shows the suppression of coupling reaction, conversely, demonstrating the crucial role of nucleophile. This work provides new insights into support tailoring for the synthesis of vital organic chemicals in heterogeneous catalysis by changing chemical reaction pathway.
Tape casting of preceramic polymers toward advanced ceramics: A review
Authors: Hotza Dachamir , Nishihora Rafael K. , Machado Ricardo A. F. , Geffroy Pierre‐Marie , Chartier Thierry , Bernard Samuel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the last 20 years, tape casting, a standard wet‐shaping process to produce thin ceramics, has been applied to manufacture polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs). Si‐based polymers, such as polysiloxanes and polysilazanes, also known as preceramic polymers (PCPs), have been used as precursors/binders replacing conventional raw materials and additives for tape casting process. Thermal processing of PCPs is carried out at lower temperatures in comparison with classical ceramic sintering, particularly of carbides and nitrides. Furthermore, polymeric precursors can be converted into hybrid or composite ceramics, when parts of the polymers remain unreacted. Inert or reactive fillers might be used to reduce both shrinkage and porosity inherently caused by the weight loss occurring during polymer pyrolysis while forming new ceramic phases in the final materials. Alternatively, pore formers might also be added to tailor pore shape, connectivity, and volume (macroporosity). Nevertheless, current equipment and process parameters for tape casting‐based products must be eventually adjusted to fit the characteristics of ceramic precursors. Therefore, the aim of this review is focused on listing and discussing the efforts to produce PDCs using tape casting as a shaping technique. Interactions of system components and effects of treatment, particularly thermal stages, on final microstructure and properties are stressed out. Gaps in the literature concerning processing optimization are pointed out, and suggestions are given for further development of PDCs produced by tape casting.
Putting a New Spin on It: Gradient Centrifugation for Analytical and Preparative Applications
Authors: Spinnrock Andreas , Cölfen Helmut 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGradient centrifugation is an important technique in chemistry, biology, materials science and engineering. It has big potential beyond the well‐known centrifugation for separation of molecules and particles. Various possibilities for special analysis and separation of particles, but also preparative applications like the production of gradient materials and controlled polymerizations exist. In all examples, a gradient of physical and/or chemical properties is generated by centrifugation and used for the further application. In this Concept article, selected examples of gradient centrifugation are presented, to show important developments in the field and discuss their applications, potential, and limitations. It concludes by analysing future trends of gradient centrifugation that are relevant for academic and industrial usage.
Two‐Photon‐Induced CO‐Releasing Molecules as Molecular Logic Systems in Solution, Polymers, and Cells
Authors: Ramu Vadde , Upendar Reddy Gandra , Liu Jingjing , Hoffmann Patrick , Sollapur Rudrakant , Wyrwa Ralf , Kupfer Stephan , Spielmann Christian , Bonnet Sylvestre , Neugebauer Ute , Schiller Alexander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhototherapeutic applications of carbon monoxide (CO)‐releasing molecules are limited because they require harmful UV and blue light for activation. We describe two‐photon excitation with NIR light (800 nm)‐induced CO‐release from two MnI tricarbonyl complexes bearing 1,8‐naphthalimide units (1, 2). Complex 2 behaves as a logic OR gate in solution, nonwovens, and in HeLa cells. CO release, indicated by fluorescence enhancement, was detected in solution, nonwoven, and HeLa cells by single‐ (405 nm) and two‐photon (800 nm) excitation. The photophysical properties of 1 and 2 have been measured and supported by DFT and TDDFT quantum chemical calculations. Both photoCORMs are stable in the dark in solution and noncytotoxic, leading to promising applications as phototherapeutics with NIR light.
Near‐Infrared Circularly Polarized Luminescence through Intramolecular Excimer Formation of Oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene)‐Based Double Helicates
Authors: Miki Koji , Noda Takeru , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Tokitoh Norihiro , Ohe Kouichi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCarbon‐based double helicates consisting of two anthracene‐containing oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene) units and two flexible chiral 1,1′‐binaphthyl units or two rigid chiral 9,9′‐spirobifluorene units were developed. The curved oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene) fragments in the double helicates were successfully constructed by tin‐mediated reductive aromatization. Helical oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene) double strands fixed by two rigid spirobifluorene units showed little structural change under photoirradiation, thereby emitting circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in the visible region with a high quantum yield (ΦPL=0.93). In contrast, flexible binaphthyl units induced dynamic structural change of the oligo(p‐phenyleneethynylene) luminophores under photoirradiation, leading to strong CPL (|glum|=1.1×10−2) in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. UV/Vis, circular dichroism (CD), CPL and NMR spectroscopic analyses of the binaphthyl‐hinged double helicate suggested excimer formation between two π‐conjugated strands in the excited state. Theoretical calculations highlight the importance of the tightly interlocked excimer structure of the carbon‐based double helicate in controlling the angle between the electric and magnetic transition dipole moments for strong NIR CPL generation.
Photogenerated Neutral Nitrogen Radical Catalyzed Bifunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: Zhao Quan‐Qing , Chen Jun , Zhou Xue‐Song , Yu Xiao‐Ye , Chen Jia‐Rong , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlkene bifunctionalizations are powerful tools for the rapid construction of structurally complex and valuable scaffolds, and such reactions typically involve the use of transition‐metal catalysts or organocatalysts. Here, we report for the first time a photogenerated neutral nitrogen radical catalyzed intermolecular alkene bifunctionalization by using allyl sulfones as the source of both the carbon and the sulfone functionalities under mild conditions. The key to the success of this protocol involves the visible‐light‐mediated photocatalytic in situ generation of a nitrogen‐centered radical from the N‐(2‐acetylphenyl) benzenesulfonamide catalyst, and its activation of the allyl sulfones to generate reactive species. The preliminary control experiments supported the postulated mechanism.
Family communication and patient distress after germline genetic testing in individuals with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Peters Mary Linton B. , Stobie Lindsey , Dudley Beth , Karloski Eve , Allen Kyle , Speare Virginia , Dolinsky Jill S. , Tian Yuan , DeLeonardis Kim , Krejdovsky Jill , Button Arlene , Lim Cynthia , Borazanci Erkut , Brand Randall , Tung Nadine 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundGermline genetic testing currently is recommended for patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In the current study, the authors assessed how often results are communicated to first‐degree relatives within 3 months and the emotional impact of testing on patients.MethodsA total of 148 patients who were newly diagnosed with PDAC and who had undergone testing of 32 cancer susceptibility genes at 3 academic centers were selected; 71% participated. Subjects completed the Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA) and a family communication survey. The results of both surveys were assessed at 3 months according to the genetic test result (positive, negative, or variant of unknown significance [VUS]) and whether a patient met criteria for genetic testing.ResultsA total of 99 patients completed the MICRA survey and 104 completed the family communication survey. The average age of the patients was 67 years, 47% were female, 29% had stage III/IV (AJCC 8th edition) disease, and 42% met genetic testing criteria. Approximately 80% of patients told at least 1 first‐degree relative about their result. There was a trend toward greater disclosure among patients who tested positive (93% vs 77% for those with a VUS result [P = .149] and 74% for those who tested negative [P = .069]). Patients not meeting genetic testing criteria were less likely to disclose results (69% vs 93%; P = .003). MICRA scores did not differ by test result, age, stage of disease, or sex.ConclusionsThe rate of result communication was high, although it was lower among patients who did not meet genetic testing criteria, those who tested negative, or those who had a VUS result. Testing‐associated distress was similar across patient groups, and was comparable to that reported by other patients with cancer. Improved communication for all patients is crucial given the prognosis of PDAC, which limits time for disclosure.
Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma among older Americans attributable to hepatitis C and hepatitis B: 2001 through 2013
Authors: Shiels Meredith S. , Engels Eric A. , Yanik Elizabeth L. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , O’Brien Thomas R. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundIn the United States, incidence and mortality rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are increasing in older individuals. Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are important causes of HCC; however, the contribution of viral hepatitis to recent trends in HCC incidence among older Americans is unclear.MethodsData from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linkage (SEER‐Medicare) for the years 2001 through 2013 were used to identify HCC cases among individuals aged ≥66 years and Medicare files were used to assess the HCV and HBV status of these HCC cases. Age‐standardized incidence rates of HCV‐attributable, HBV‐attributable, and HCV/HBV‐unrelated HCC were estimated overall and by age group, sex, and race/ethnicity. The authors also calculated annual percent changes (APCs) in HCC incidence.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2013, a total of 15,300 HCC cases occurred in this population. Overall HCC rates increased 43% from 16.3 to 23.3 per 100,000 population (APC, 3.40% per year), whereas HCV‐attributable HCC rates nearly doubled from 4.2 to 8.2 per 100,000 population (APC, 5.62% per year). HCC rates increased more slowly for HBV‐attributable HCC (1.3 to 1.8 per 100,000 population; APC, 3.17% per year) and HCV/HBV‐unrelated HCC (11.3 to 14.1 per 100,000 population; APC, 2.35% per year). The percentage of HCC cases with evidence of HCV infection increased from 25.7% in 2001 through 2004 to 32.3% in 2011 through 2013, whereas the percentage with HBV remained stable at 8%. In 2013, higher rates for both HCV‐attributable and HBV‐attributable HCC were noted among individuals aged 66 to 75 years, men, and individuals of Asian ancestry.ConclusionsAmong Americans aged ≥66 years, HCC rates increased rapidly between 2001 and 2013. Although HCV‐attributable cases contributed substantially to this increase, rates of HBV‐attributable and HCV/HBV‐unrelated HCC also rose during this period.
Central connections of the trigeminal motor command system in the weakly electric Elephantnose fish (Gnathonemus petersii)
Authors: Amey‐Özel Monique , Anders Stefanie , Grant Kirsty , von der Emde Gerhard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe highly mobile chin appendage of Gnathonemus petersii, the Schnauzenorgan, is used to actively probe the environment and is known to be a fovea of the electrosensory system. It receives an important innervation from both the trigeminal sensory and motor systems. However, little is known about the premotor control pathways that coordinate the movements of the Schnauzenorgan, or about central pathways originating from the trigeminal motor nucleus. The present study focuses on the central connections of the trigeminal motor system to elucidate premotor centers controlling Schnauzenorgan movements, with particular interest in the possible connections between the electrosensory and trigeminal systems. Neurotracer injections into the trigeminal motor nucleus revealed bilateral, reciprocal connections between the two trigeminal motor nuclei and between the trigeminal sensory and motor nuclei by bilateral labeling of cells and terminals. Prominent afferent input to the trigeminal motor nucleus originates from the nucleus lateralis valvulae, the nucleus dorsalis mesencephali, the cerebellar corpus C1, the reticular formation, and the Raphe nuclei. Retrogradely labeled cells were also observed in the central pretectal nucleus, the dorsal anterior pretectal nucleus, the tectum, the ventroposterior nucleus of the torus semicircularis, the gustatory sensory and motor nuclei, and in the hypothalamus. Labeled terminals, but not cell bodies, were observed in the nucleus lateralis valvulae and the reticular formation. No direct connections were found between the electrosensory system and the V motor nucleus but the central connections identified would provide several multisynaptic pathways linking these two systems, including possible efference copy and corollary discharge mechanisms.
Open and Reproducible Research on Open Science Framework
Authors: Sullivan Ian , DeHaven Alexander , Mellor David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBy implementing more transparent research practices, authors have the opportunity to stand out and showcase work that is more reproducible, easier to build upon, and more credible. Scientists gain by making work easier to share and maintain within their own laboratories, and the scientific community gains by making underlying data or research materials more available for confirmation or making new discoveries. The following protocol gives authors step‐by‐step instructions for using the free and open source Open Science Framework (OSF) to create a data management plan, preregister their study, use version control, share data and other research materials, or post a preprint for quick and easy dissemination. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Loss of function of Kmt2d, a gene mutated in Kabuki syndrome, affects heart development in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Schwenty‐Lara Janina , Nürnberger Annika , Borchers Annette 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundKabuki syndrome is a haploinsufficient congenital multi‐organ malformation syndrome, which frequently includes severe heart defects. Mutations in the histone H3K4 methyltransferase KMT2D have been identified as the main cause of Kabuki syndrome, however, the role of KMT2D in heart development remains to be characterized.ResultsHere we analyze the function of Kmt2d at different stages of Xenopus heart development. Xenopus Kmt2d is ubiquitously expressed at early stages of cardiogenesis, with enrichment in the anterior region including the cardiac precursor cells. Morpholino‐mediated knockdown of Kmt2d led to hypoplastic hearts lacking the three‐chambered structure. Analyzing different stages of cardiogenesis revealed that development of the first and second heart fields as well as cardiac differentiation were severely affected by loss of Kmt2d function.ConclusionKmt2d loss of function in Xenopus recapitulates the hypoplastic heart defects observed in Kabuki syndrome patients and shows that Kmt2d function is required for the establishment of the primary and secondary heart fields. Thus, Xenopus Kmt2d morphants can be a valuable tool to elucidate the etiology of the congenital heart defects associated with Kabuki syndrome.
The role of endothelial cilia in postembryonic vascular development
Authors: Elworthy Stone , Savage Aaron M. , Wilkinson Robert N. , Malicki Jarema J. , Chico Timothy J.A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstrctBackgroundCilia are essential for morphogenesis and maintenance of many tissues. Loss‐of‐function of cilia in early Zebrafish development causes a range of vascular defects, including cerebral hemorrhage and reduced arterial vascular mural cell coverage. In contrast, loss of endothelial cilia in mice has little effect on vascular development. We therefore used a conditional rescue approach to induce endothelial cilia ablation after early embryonic development and examined the effect on vascular development and mural cell development in postembryonic, juvenile, and adult Zebrafish.Results
ift54(elipsa)‐mutant Zebrafish are unable to form cilia. We rescued cilia formation and ameliorated the phenotype of ift54 mutants using a novel Tg(ubi:loxP‐ift54‐loxP‐myr‐mcherry,myl7:EGFP)sh488 transgene expressing wild‐type ift54 flanked by recombinase sites, then used a Tg(kdrl:cre)s898 transgene to induce endothelial‐specific inactivation of ift54 at postembryonic ages. Fish without endothelial ift54 function could survive to adulthood and exhibited no vascular defects. Endothelial inactivation of ift54 did not affect development of tagln‐positive vascular mural cells around either the aorta or the caudal fin vessels, or formation of vessels after tail fin resection in adult animals.ConclusionsEndothelial cilia are not essential for development and remodeling of the vasculature in juvenile and adult Zebrafish when inactivated after embryogenesis.
Ecosystem service change caused by climatological and non‐climatological drivers: a Swiss case study
Authors: Braun Daniela , de Jong Rogier , Schaepman Michael E. , Furrer Reinhard , Hein Lars , Kienast Felix , Damm Alexander 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the drivers of ecosystem change and their effects on ecosystem services are essential for management decisions and verification of progress towards national and international sustainability policies (e.g., Aichi Biodiversity Targets, Sustainable Development Goals). We aim to disentangle spatially the effect of climatological and non‐climatological drivers on ecosystem service supply and trends. Therefore, we explored time series of three ecosystem services in Switzerland between 2004 and 2014: carbon dioxide regulation, soil erosion prevention, and air quality regulation. We applied additive models to describe the spatial variation attributed to climatological (i.e., temperature, precipitation and relative sunshine duration) and non‐climatological drivers (i.e., random effects representing other spatially structured processes) that may affect ecosystem service change. Obtained results indicated strong influences of climatological drivers on ecosystem service trends in Switzerland. We identified equal contributions of all three climatological drivers on trends of carbon dioxide regulation and soil erosion prevention, while air quality regulation was more strongly influenced by temperature. Additionally, our results showed that climatological and non‐climatological drivers affected ecosystem services both negatively and positively, depending on the regions (in particular lower and higher altitudinal areas), drivers, and services assessed. Our findings highlight stronger effects of climatological compared to non‐climatological drivers on ecosystem service change in Switzerland. Furthermore, drivers of ecosystem change display a spatial heterogeneity in their influence on ecosystem service trends. We propose an approach building on an additive model to disentangle the effect of climatological and non‐climatological drivers on ecosystem service trends. Such analyses should be extended in the future to ecosystem service flow and demand to complete ecosystem service assessments and to demonstrate and communicate more clearly the benefits of ecosystem services for human well‐being.