bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Feasibility Study on the Waste-to-Biogas SOFC-Based Multi-Generation with Energy Storage System for Building Applications in China
Authors: Zhang S , Wang Q , Hu L , Shi W , Qu M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Waste-to-Energy Multi-generation system provides a feasible distributed waste recycling and energy saving solution for green buildings. However, the fluctuations in electricity demands and dynamic built environment obstruct its marketization. This study optimizes the existing waste-biogas-SOFC multi-generation configuration with energy storage systems. The research employs the operation data from an international airport in Southern China as a case study. The study compares the proposed system and that of previous SOFC-based systems in terms of economic and environmental benefits. The results show that the demand and supply of energy is balanced and higher energy efficiency and a significant reduction in the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission is achieved. The system presents a solid performance in payback and lifecycle cost (LCC) analysis and also satisfactory resistance to financial risks. Finally, this study draws the conclusion that the energy storage system could be utilized to optimize the existing SOFC multi-generation system.
System Model for Prediction of Energy Consumption in Cities
Authors: Vytlačil D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The number of inhabitants in cities has been increasing in the past years and this tendency will be in the future even more significant. We need a tool for the prediction of the energy consumption. The paper describes the system model that includes sub models: the energy consumed for housing, inhabitants services, city services and transport. These sub models are interconnected to one system. The solution is based on the system dynamics methodology which is suitable tool for solving problems of economic and technical systems. Special focus is given on the description of the energy consumptions in the residential houses, in the buildings providing city service and on the migration of people from rural area and small cities to big cities. The number of inhabitants influences the energy consumption and the density that is connected to the energy consumption for the transport. The simulation includes the refurbishment of the existing building stock. Main output parameter is the energy consumption in the sub models and in the whole city. The model can help to improve the strategy decision making concerning city development.
A Bibliometric Analysis on Costs Estimation of Building Retrofit
Authors: Re Cecconi F , Moretti N , Dejaco M C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Buildings are responsible for approximatively 40% of energy consumptions and 36% of CO2 emissions in the EU. In developed countries, any intervention carried out for buildings’ sustainability improvement is related to energy retrofit. Energy retrofit can be considered as a subset of sustainability management and is one of the key issues to be taken into account for the setup of an effective asset and portfolio management strategy. Among asset management core functions, sustainability management is one of those which must be encompassed in a strategic framework for effectively reaching the goals of the organisation. Within this context, sustainability of buildings should be evaluated according to the environmental, economic and social point of view. These different issues require specific assessment methodologies and metrics. Therefore, in this article, a bibliometric analysis on costs estimation is presented, focusing on Life Cycle Costing methodology for energy retrofit interventions. Articles have been investigated through bibliometric, trend and cluster analysis on a sample of 167 articles. The research has been carried out on one of the most acknowledged databases as Scopus and allowed to identify main trends and dynamics of the scientific literature.
Historical Water Management Constructions, their Value, Function and Significance
Authors: Nedvedova K , Dzurakova M , Vyskocil A , Svitak Z , Kleparnikova R , Honek D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The contribution would like to present a new research project focused on expansion of the knowledge, systematic documentation and definition of objective criteria for the evaluation of a specific group of technical monuments – historical water management constructions. The main goal is to develop a methodology of unambiguous identification, categorization and evaluation of historical water management objects in terms of historic preservation and renewal, based on an interdisciplinary approach.
Attainment of the project’s goals through:
- documentation and analysis of the water management objects’ evolution in chosen study areas, using historical topographical maps of five different periods, as well as archive sources,
- comparative analysis of the historical water management objects’ development in study areas, taking into consideration different conditions both natural and socio-economic
The project’s outcomes will be:
- a set of maps,
- the methodology of identification, categorization and evaluation of historical water management objects. The methodology will be a significant contribution to further research activities involving documentation, evaluation, preservation and renewal of this specific cultural heritage fund.
Greening Actions and the Related Potential Impacts on Outdoor Comfort in a Dense Built Environment
Authors: Gaspari J , Fabbri K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The increasing attention paid to the effects of climate change on the dense urban fabric of contemporary cities had led Public Authorities to develop local adaptation plans in order to suggest some effective measures to mitigate and reduce the impacts of urban heat island [UHI] and heat waves as well as to improve water management capacity. Among the suggested actions, the greening of in-between spaces of the built environment and the introduction of new green surfaces (roof and/or facades) in the framework of wider regeneration plans offers interesting perspectives and impacts. The paper reports the outcomes of a research activity run by the Department of Architecture and the Municipality of Bologna to investigate how to define/optimize the most effective arrangement of greening solutions with the aim to improve outdoor comfort conditions. The study takes into account several aspects including paved/green surfaces extension, the use of material, the geometry of the site, etc. and simulate the potential effects of changes using simulation software ENVIMET. Once the main features of each site are modelled the different deriving scenarios can be compared evaluating the different architectural, economical and practical constraints. The results are then compared with other factors, related to the social aspects, the use of the spaces, the perception of the sites, etc. A district of the city of Bologna is used as test bed in order to test the proposed methodology and the related potential impacts.
Functional Aging Index Complements Frailty in Prediction of Entry Into Care and Mortality
Authors: Finkel Deborah , Sternäng Ola , Jylhävä Juulia , Bai Ge , Pedersen Nancy L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to develop a functional aging index (FAI) that taps four body systems: sensory (vision and hearing), pulmonary, strength (grip strength), and movement (gait speed) and to test the predictive value of FAI for entry into care and mortality.

Method
Growth curve models and Cox regression models were applied to data from 1,695 individuals from three Swedish longitudinal studies of aging. Participants were aged 45–93 at intake and data from up to eight follow-up waves were available.

Results
The rate of change in FAI was twice as fast after age 75 as before, women demonstrated higher mean FAI, but no sex differences in rates of change with chronological age were identified. FAI predicted entry into care and mortality, even when chronological age and a frailty index were included in the models. Hazard ratios indicated that FAI was a more important predictor of entry into care for men than women, whereas it was a stronger predictor of mortality for men than women.

Conclusions
Measures of biological aging and functional aging differ in their predictive value for entry into care and mortality for men and women, suggesting that both are necessary for a complete picture of the aging process across genders.
Neuregulin-4 Is Required for the Growth and Elaboration of Striatal Medium Spiny Neuron Dendrites
Authors: Paramo Blanca , Wyatt Sean , Davies Alun M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) comprise the vast majority of neurons in the striatum. Changes in the exuberant dendrites of these widely connected neurons are associated with a multitude of neurological conditions and are caused by a variety of recreational and medicinal drugs. However, we have a poor understanding of the physiological regulators of dendrite growth and elaboration of this clinically important population of neurons. Here, we show that MSN dendrites are markedly smaller and less branched in neonatal mice that possess a homozygous null mutation in the neuregulin-4 gene (Nrg4−/−) compared with wild type (Nrg4+/+) littermates. Nrg4−/− mice also had a highly significant reduction in MSN dendrite spine number in neonates and adults. The striking stunted dendrite arbor phenotype of MSNs observed in Nrg4−/− neonates was replicated in MSNs cultured from Nrg4−/− embryos and was completely rescued by soluble recombinant neuregulin-4. MSNs cultured from wild type mice coexpressed NRG4 and its receptor ErbB4. Our findings show that NRG4 is a major novel regulator of dendritic growth and arborization and spine formation in the striatum and suggest that it exerts its effects by an autocrine/paracrine mechanism.
Music Therapy Degree Program Enrollment Trends: What the Numbers Tell Us
Authors: Iwamasa Dawn A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Music therapy educational programs have expanded since their inception in the 1940s, but no studies have examined the trends regarding enrollment and degree attainment in music therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trends in music therapy undergraduate and graduate program enrollment and degree attainment from 2000 to 2017. Data were collected from the Council of Arts Accrediting Associations’ Higher Education Arts Data Services (HEADS) survey for music therapy and all other music majors’ combined program enrollment and degree attainment. Additionally, data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) were used to compare music therapy and all other combined music major trends with those from all 4-year degree-granting postsecondary institutions. Results indicated that music therapy program enrollment and degree attainment at the undergraduate and graduate levels are growing at a faster pace than all other music majors combined—and at all 4-year degree-granting postsecondary institutions. Economic theories that may explain this phenomenon are discussed, as are implications for future research.
Bow Hunter's Syndrome: Complete Microsurgical Decompression of Vertebral Artery by Far Lateral Retrocondylar Approach: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Zeeshan Qazi , Hernandez Juan P Carrasco , Sekhar Laligam N 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This 50-yr-old man had a 15-yr history of presyncopal episodes that were precipitated by turning his head to the right, and had worsened recently. Cerebral angiogram demonstrated complete cessation of anterograde flow in left vertebral artery (VA) at the level of the C1 sulcus arteriosus while turning head to right, indicating dynamic compression at the C1 level.
Patient underwent left extreme lateral retrocondylar approach, partial C1 laminectomy and opening of the C1 foramen with complete microsurgical decompression of the VA. After skin incision, meticulous muscle dissection was performed and superior and inferior oblique muscles were disconnected from the tubercle of C1. The VA was exposed, and three areas of constriction were visible, first at the atlanto-occipital membrane laterally; second, located more medially as the artery curved around the occipital condyle to enter the posterior fossa; and third, located anterior to C2 nerve root. The artery was dissected from all the surrounding tissues, preserving the C2 nerve root, and the Cl foramen was opened completely. The Cl lamina was also partially resected and grooved to allow free placement of the VA. The VA was also decompressed near the C2 foramen. Postoperative computed tomography angiogram of the head and neck showed complete decompression of VA. The patient had no episodes of presyncope or dizziness while turning head to right and his mRs was 0 at 8 mo follow up.
This 3D video shows the technical nuances of decompression of V3 segment of VA in bow hunters's syndrome.
Informed consent was obtained from the patient prior to the surgery that included videotaping of the procedure and its distribution for educational purposes. All relevant patient identifiers have also been removed from the video and accompanying radiology slides.
Techniques to Improve the Efficacy of Percutaneous Biopsy Procedures for Cavernous Sinus Lesions
Authors: Scranton Robert A , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The cavernous sinus can be affected by pathologies with profound clinical implications. Therefore, obtaining an accurate diagnosis with minimal disruption of native tissue is needed. Percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy through the foramen ovale using the Härtel corridor is one option. The diagnostic yield is around 86%, typically failing in cases where the tissue is firm.

OBJECTIVE
This work describes a new method of percutaneous biopsy to increase the diagnostic yield in cases where the tissue is firm and not deliverable into the biopsy needle via a suction device.

METHODS
Under general anesthetic, a percutaneous approach through the foramen ovale was performed. A k-wire was then placed and the needle was removed. A 14-ga angiocatheter was then placed using the over-the-wire technique. Once the K-wire was removed, endoscopic graspers were used to biopsy the lesion through the angiocatheter, providing reasonably sized biopsy specimens.

RESULTS
This technique was applied when fine needle aspiration failed and resulted in successful pathologic diagnosis.

CONCLUSION
This technique for minimally invasive biopsy of the cavernous sinus is potentially safe and can be performed when fine needle aspiration is unsuccessful or larger samples are required for definitive diagnosis.
Appraising causal relationships of dietary, nutritional and physical-activity exposures with overall and aggressive prostate cancer: two-sample Mendelian randomization study based on 79,148 prostate cancer cases and 61,106 controls
Authors: Kazmi Nabila , Haycock Philip , Tsilidis Konstantinos , Lynch Brigid M. , Truong Therese ,   the PRACTICAL consortium,   CRUK,   BPC3,   CAPS,   PEGASUS, Martin Richard M , Lewis Sarah 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundProstate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide, but there is substantial geographical variation suggesting a potential role for modifiable risk factors in prostate carcinogenesis.MethodsWe identified previously reported prostate cancer risk factors from the World Cancer Research Fund’s (WCRF) systematic appraisal of the global evidence (2018). We assessed whether each identified risk factor was causally associated with risk of overall (79,148 cases and 61,106 controls) or aggressive (15,167 cases and 58,308 controls) prostate cancer using Mendelian randomization (MR) based on genome wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from the PRACTICAL and GAME-ON/ELLIPSE consortia. We assessed evidence for replication in UK Biobank (7,844 prostate cancer cases and 204,001 controls).FindingsWCRF identified 57 potential risk factors, of which 22 could be instrumented for MR analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In MR analyses for overall prostate cancer, we identified evidence compatible with causality for the following risk factors (odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase; 95% confidence interval): accelerometer-measured physical-activity, OR=0.49 (0.33-0.72; p=0.0003); serum iron, OR=0.92 (0.86-0.98; p=0.007); body mass index (BMI), OR=0.90 (0.84-0.97; p=0.003); and mono-unsaturated fat, OR=1.11 (1.02-1.20; p=0.02). Findings in our replication analyses in UK Biobank were compatible with our main analyses (albeit with wide confidence intervals). In MR analysis, height was positively associated with aggressive prostate cancer risk: OR=1.07 (1.01-1.15; p=0.03).InterpretationThe results for physical-activity, serum iron, BMI, mono-unsaturated fat and height are compatible with causality for prostate cancer but more research is needed to rule out violations of MR assumptions for some risk factors. The results suggest that interventions aimed at increasing physical activity may reduce prostate cancer risk, but the direction of effects of BMI, and iron are at odds with their effects on other diseases, so the overall public health impact of intervening on these need to be considered.FundingWorld Cancer Research Fund International (2015/1421), Cancer Research UK program grant (C18281/A19169), National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, and Victorian Cancer Agency (MCRF18005).
How to maintain a high virulence: evolution of a killer in hosts of various susceptibilities
Authors: Chateigner Aurélien , Moreau Yannis , Jiolle Davy , Pontlevé Cindy , Labrousse Carole , Bézier Annie , Herniou Elisabeth 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPathogens should evolve to avirulence. However, while baculoviruses can be transmitted through direct contact, their main route of infection goes through the death and liquefaction of their caterpillar hosts and highly virulent strains still seem to be advantaged through infection cycles. Furthermore, one of them,Autographa californicamultiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, is so generalist that it can infect more than 100 different hosts.To understand and characterize the evolutionary potential of this virus and how it is maintained while killing some of its hosts in less than a week, we performed an experimental evolution starting from an almost natural isolate of AcMNPV, known for its generalist infection capacity. We made it evolve on 4 hosts of different susceptibilities for 10 cycles and followed hosts survival each day. We finally evaluated whether the generalist capacity was maintained after evolving on one specific host species and tested an epidemiological model through simulations to understand how.Finally, on very highly susceptible hosts, transmission-virulence trade-offs seem to disappear and the virus can maximize transmission and virulence. When less adapted to its host, the pathogen’s virulence has not been modified along cycles but the yield was increased, apparently through an increased transmission probability and an increased latent period between exposition and infection.
Injectable diblock copolypeptide hydrogel provides platform to maintain high local concentrations of taxol and local tumor control
Authors: Garrett Matthew C. , O’Shea Timothy M. , Wollenberg Alexander L. , Bernstein Alexander M. , Hung Derek , Staarman Brittany , Soto Horacio , Deming Timothy J. , Sofroniew Michael V. , Kornblum Harley I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionSurgical resection and systemic chemotherapy with temozolomide remain the mainstay for treatment of glioblastoma. However, many patients are not candidates for surgical resection given inaccessible tumor location or poor health status. Furthermore, despite being first line treatment, temozolomide has only limited efficacy.MethodsThe development of injectable hydrogel-based carrier systems allows for the delivery of a wide range of chemotherapeutics that can achieve high local concentrations, thus potentially avoiding systemic side effects and wide-spread neurotoxicity. To test this modality in a realistic environment, we developed a diblock copolypeptide hydrogel (DCH) capable of carrying and releasing paclitaxel, a compound that we found to be highly potent against primary gliomasphere cells.ResultsThe DCH produced minimal tissue reactivity and was well tolerated in the immune-competent mouse brain. Paclitaxel-loaded hydrogel induced less tissue damage, cellular inflammation and reactive astrocytes than cremaphor-taxol (typical taxol-carrier) or hydrogel alone. In a deep subcortical xenograft model, of glioblastoma in immunodeficient mice, injection of paclitaxel-loaded hydrogel led to a high local concentration of paclitaxel and led to local tumor control and improved survival. However, the tumor cells were highly migratory and were able to eventually escape the area of treatment.ConclusionsThese findings suggest this technology may be ultimately applicable to patients with deep-seated inoperable tumors, but as currently formulated, complete tumor eradication would be highly unlikely. Future studies should focus on targeting the migratory potential of surviving cells.
Effect of Alpha-Lactalbumin and Lactoferrin Oleic Acid Complexes on Chromatin Structural Organization
Authors: Lebedev Dmitry V , Zabrodskaya Yana A , Pipich Vitaly , Kuklin Alexander I , Ramsay Edward , Sokolov Alexey V , Elizarova Anna Yu , Shaldzhyan Aram A , Grudinina Natalia A , Pantina Rimma A , Wu Baohu , Shtam Tatiana A , Volnitskiy Andrey V , Shmidt Alexander E , Shvetsov Alexey V , Isaev-Ivanov Vladimir V , Egorov Vladimir V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis work focuses on the study of multimeric alpha-lactalbumin oleic acid and lactoferrin oleic acid complexes. The purpose of the research is to study possible mechanisms involved in their pro-apoptotic activities, as seen in some tumor cell cultures. Complexes featuring oleic acid (OA) with human alpha-lactalbumin (hAl) or with bovine alpha-lactalbumin (bAl), and human lactoferrin (hLf) were investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). It was shown that while alpha-lactalbumin protein complexes were formed on the surface of polydisperse OA micelles, the lactoferrin complexes comprised a monodisperse system of nanoscale particles. Both hAl and hLf complexes appeared to interact with the chromatin of isolated nuclei affecting chromatin structural organization. The possible roles of these processes in the specific anti-tumor activity of these complexes are discussed.