bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the relevance and accountability of dialect: Conversation analysis and dialect contact
Authors: Raymond Chase Wesley 
Published: March 2018

The present study seeks to illustrate how the theory and method of conversation analysis (CA) can be used to begin to unpack the notion of ‘contact’ in contact linguistics research. After reviewing language and dialect contact as they are traditionally conceptualized, we describe an additional set of questions inspired byCA's fundamental concern withrelevanceandaccountability. It is argued that, by analyzing the structure and design of turn‐by‐turn talk in situations of dialect contact, we are able to investigatehow co‐participants themselvesgo about carving out the boundaries of their respective dialects, how they can link those dialects to social identities, and how those social identities can become ‘procedurally consequential’ for the design of subsequent talk between the interlocutors. It is ultimately hypothesized that relevance and accountability at the micro‐interactional level may provide new insight into the moment‐by‐moment mechanisms that bring about the comparatively more macro‐level outcomes of dialect contact (e.g. leveling, koineization, etc.) that have been previously identified in contact linguistics research.
Morphological characterization and optimization of conditions for conidial production of Elsinoë ampelina, the causal organism of grapevine anthracnose
Authors: Li Zhi , Dang Huan , Yuan Xiao , He Jingyuan , Hu Zhiqi , Wang Xiping 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGrape anthracnose, which is caused by Elsinoë ampelina, is a disease that negatively affects grape production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aeration, temperature, light, and preculture period on the formation of E. ampelina conidia and conidial germination and virulence. The colony morphology on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates was more diverse than that in PDA bottles. The assessment of different culture methods, temperatures, light conditions, and preculture periods revealed that optimal conidial production occurred on 25‐day‐old colonies grown in PDA bottles at 21°C for 24 hr in the dark. The cultures in PDA bottles consistently produced approximately 5.0 × 106 conidia under these conditions. No conidial formation occurred when the cultures were kept at 25°C in the dark. The highest germination rate of E. ampelina was 80% at 25°C after 24 hr, whereas no germination was observed at 17°C after 12 hr. Pathogenicity tests revealed that symptoms of the disease were observed 4 days postinoculation (dpi) on leaves of Vitis vinifera cv. Red Globe. New conidia were observed on the lesions at 8 dpi. This study provides an effective method for the conidial production of E. ampelina that may also be applicable for other Elsinoë fungal species.
Angiostrongylosis in dogs with negative fecal and in‐clinic rapid serological tests: 7 Cases (2013‐2017)
Authors: Canonne A. Morgane , Billen F. , Losson B. , Peters I. , Schnyder M. , Clercx C. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAngiostrongylosis is considered as emerging disease in dogs in Belgium. Detection of first‐stage larvae in feces using the Baermann method has an imperfect sensitivity.ObjectivesInvestigation of efficacy of noninvasive blood and fecal diagnostic tests in comparison with PCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) material in a small series of coughing or dyspnoeic dogs naturally infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum.AnimalsSeven dogs with angiostrongylosis.MethodsRetrospective study. Dogs with cough, exercise intolerance and dyspnea of 2‐ to 8‐week duration. Diagnostic methods used included Baermann analysis, AngioDetect rapid assay, ELISAs for detection of circulating antigen and specific antibodies and qPCR on BAL material.ResultsBaermann analysis, AngioDetect rapid assay, antigen ELISA, antibody ELISA, and qPCR on BAL material were positive in 3/7, 2/7, 3/6, 6/6, and 7/7 dogs, respectively. ELISA for antibodies or qPCR on BAL material were essential for definitive diagnosis in 3 dogs. Relative sensitivities of AngioDetect rapid assay, Baermann analysis, and ELISA for antigen detection were lower than 50% compared with ELISA for antibodies or qPCR on BAL material.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceIn this small clinical series, Baermann analysis and AngioDetect rapid assay failed to confirm the diagnosis in some dogs. Therefore, ELISA for antibody detection and qPCR on BAL material should strongly be considered in clinically suspected dogs when antigen detection methods (AngioDetect or ELISA) and Baermann analysis are negative.
Nematode‐associated microbial taxa do not correlate with host phylogeny, geographic region or feeding morphology in marine sediment habitats
Authors: Schuelke Taruna , Pereira Tiago José , Hardy Sarah M. , Bik Holly M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStudies of host‐associated microbes are critical for advancing our understanding of ecology and evolution across diverse taxa and ecosystems. Nematode worms are ubiquitous across most habitats on earth, yet little is known about host‐associated microbial assemblages within the phylum. Free‐living nematodes are globally abundant and diverse in marine sediments, with species exhibiting distinct buccal cavity (mouth) morphologies that are thought to play an important role in feeding ecology and life history strategies. Here, we investigated patterns in marine nematode microbiomes, by characterizing host‐associated microbial taxa in 281 worms isolated from a range of habitat types (deep‐sea, shallow water, methane seeps, Lophelia coral mounds, kelp holdfasts) across three distinct geographic regions (Arctic, Southern California and Gulf of Mexico). Microbiome profiles were generated from single worms spanning 33 distinct morphological genera, using a two‐gene metabarcoding approach to amplify the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene targeting bacteria/archaea and the V1–V2 region of the 18S rRNA gene targeting microbial eukaryotes. Contrary to our expectations, nematode microbiome profiles demonstrated no distinct patterns either globally (across depths and ocean basins) or locally (within site); prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial assemblages did not correlate with nematode feeding morphology, host phylogeny or morphological identity, ocean region or marine habitat type. However, fine‐scale analysis of nematode microbiomes revealed a variety of novel ecological interactions, including putative parasites and symbionts, and potential associations with bacterial/archaeal taxa involved in nitrogen and methane cycling. Our results suggest that in marine habitats, free‐living nematodes may utilize diverse and generalist foraging strategies that are not correlated with host genotype or feeding morphology. Furthermore, some abiotic factors such as geographic region and habitat type do not appear to play an obvious role in structuring host–microbe associations or feeding preferences.
Microvascular endothelial function is an independent predictor for albuminuria progression among Asians with type 2 diabetes—A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Low Serena , Ang Keven , Yeoh Lee Ying , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Sum Chee Fang , Lim Su Chi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to investigate whether microvascular endothelial dysfunction is an independent predictor for future albuminuria progression in T2DM cohort.MethodsA total of 1098 patients with T2DM were clinically assessed at baseline and 3.2‐year follow‐up. Progression was defined as transition from normoalbuminuria (ACR <30 mg/g) to microalbuminuria (ACR = 30‐299 mg/g) or macroalbuminuria (ACR >300 mg/g), or microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria. Microvascular endothelial vasodilation at baseline was quantified using LDF. The increase in perfusion in response to ACh and NaNP was calculated. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the OR for albuminuria progression.ResultsAlbuminuria progression occurred in 226 (20.6%) patients. Baseline ACh was significantly higher in nonprogression than progression group (80.0 ± 53.2% vs 72.0 ± 49.7%, P = .04). There is no significant difference in NaNP between the two groups (111.1 ± 80.3% vs 121.1 ± 87.4%, P = .12). After multivariable adjustment, 1‐SD increase in ACh was marginally associated with albuminuria progression (OR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.72‐1.02, P = .08) in all patients. When stratified by baseline albuminuria, 1‐SD increase in ACh was significantly associated with albuminuria progression in normoalbuminuria (OR = 0.76, 95% CI, 0.59‐0.97, P = .03), but not in microalbuminuria patients (OR = 1.18, 95% CI, 0.81‐1.70, P = .39).ConclusionsImpaired endothelial‐dependent microvascular reactivity predicts the onset of albuminuria progression among T2DM patients with normoalbuminuria.
Tinea pedis acquired in mosques?
Authors: Veraldi Stefano , Esposito Luigi , Gorani Alberto 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe present four cases of interdigital tinea pedis in Italian tourists which was probably acquired in Turkish mosques and holy Muslim places. In all patients mycological examinations were positive for Trichophyton rubrum. All patients were successfully treated with bifonazole cream (one application/day for three weeks). It is advisable for tourists to wear socks when visiting mosques and holy Muslim places.
Dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure and functioning along a nitrogen enrichment gradient in an alpine meadow ecosystem
Authors: Jiang Shengjing , Liu Yongjun , Luo Jiajia , Qin Mingsen , Johnson Nancy Collins , Öpik Maarja , Vasar Martti , Chai Yuxing , Zhou Xiaolong , Mao Lin , Du Guozhen , An Lizhe , Feng Huyuan 
Published: March 2018

Summary

Nitrogen (N) availability is increasing dramatically in many ecosystems, but the influence of elevated N on the functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in natural ecosystems is not well understood.

We measured AM fungal community structure and mycorrhizal function simultaneously across an experimental N addition gradient in an alpine meadow that is limited by N but not by phosphorus (P). AM fungal communities at both whole‐plant‐community (mixed roots) and single‐plant‐species (Elymus nutans roots) scales were described using pyro‐sequencing, and the mycorrhizal functioning was quantified using a mycorrhizal‐suppression treatment in the field (whole‐plant‐community scale) and a glasshouse inoculation experiment (single‐plant‐species scale).

Nitrogen enrichment progressively reduced AM fungal abundance, changed AM fungal community composition, and shifted mycorrhizal functioning towards parasitism at both whole‐plant‐community and E. nutans scales. N‐induced shifts in AM fungal community composition were tightly linked to soil N availability and/or plant species richness, whereas the shifts in mycorrhizal function were associated with the communities of specific AM fungal lineages.

The observed changes in both AM fungal community structure and functioning across an N enrichment gradient highlight that N enrichment of ecosystems that are not P‐limited can induce parasitic mycorrhizal functioning and influence plant community structure and ecosystem sustainability.
The plastoquinone pool outside the thylakoid membrane serves in plant photoprotection as a reservoir of singlet oxygen scavengers
Authors: Ksas Brigitte , Légeret Bertrand , Ferretti Ursula , Chevalier Anne , Pospíšil Pavel , Alric Jean , Havaux Michel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Arabidopsis vte1 mutant is devoid of tocopherol and plastochromanol (PC‐8). When exposed to excess light energy, vte1 produced more singlet oxygen (1O2) and suffered from extensive oxidative damage compared with the wild type. Here, we show that overexpressing the solanesyl diphosphate synthase 1 (SPS1) gene in vte1 induced a marked accumulation of total plastoquinone (PQ‐9) and rendered the vte1 SPS1oex plants tolerant to photooxidative stress, indicating that PQ‐9 can replace tocopherol and PC‐8 in photoprotection. High total PQ‐9 levels were associated with a noticeable decrease in 1O2 production and higher levels of Hydroxyplastoquinone (PQ‐C), a 1O2‐specific PQ‐9 oxidation product. The extra PQ‐9 molecules in the vte1 SPS1oex plants were stored in the plastoglobules and the chloroplast envelopes, rather than in the thylakoid membranes, whereas PQ‐C was found almost exclusively in the thylakoid membranes. Upon exposure of wild‐type plants to high light, the thylakoid PQ‐9 pool decreased, whereas the extrathylakoid pool remained unchanged. In vte1 and vte1 SPS1oex plants, the PQ‐9 losses in high light were strongly amplified, affecting also the extrathylakoid pool, and PQ‐C was found in high amounts in the thylakoids. We conclude that the thylakoid PQ‐9 pool acts as a 1O2 scavenger and is replenished from the extrathylakoid stock.
Green leaf volatiles protect maize (Zea mays) seedlings against damage from cold stress
Authors: Cofer Tristan M. , Engelberth Marie , Engelberth Jurgen 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough considerable evidence has accumulated on the defensive activity of plant volatile organic compounds against pathogens and insect herbivores, less is known about the significance of volatile organic compounds emitted by plants under abiotic stress. Here, we report that green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which were previously shown to prime plant defences against insect herbivore attack, also protect plants against cold stress (4 °C). We show that the expression levels of several cold stress‐related genes are significantly up‐regulated in maize (Zea mays) seedlings treated with physiological concentrations of the GLV, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl acetate (Z‐3‐HAC), and that seedlings primed with Z‐3‐HAC exhibit increased growth and reduced damage after cold stress relative to unprimed seedlings. Together, these data demonstrate the protective and priming effect of GLVs against cold stress and suggest an activity of GLVs beyond the activation of typical plant defence responses against herbivores and pathogens.
Metformin blocks mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibits sperm motility in fresh and refrigerated boar spermatozoa
Authors: Hurtado de Llera A , Martin‐Hidalgo D , Garcia‐Marin LJ , Bragado MJ 
Published: March 2018

ContentsMetformin is clinically used to treat diabetes. Given its role‐impacting metabolism, metformin has been also added to semen cryopreservation media showing specie‐dependent effects. We aimed to investigate metformin effects in both fresh (38.5°C for 2, 24 hr) and refrigerated (17°C for 10 days) boar spermatozoa. Metformin (2 hr) does not affect fresh sperm viability, membrane lipid organization nor acrosome integrity. However, metformin (24 hr) blocks sperm ΔΨm and significantly reduces % motile spermatozoa (65%), % progressive spermatozoa (50%), % rapid (100%), velocities VCL (69%), VSL (86%), VAP (78%) and motility coefficients. Metformin‐including extender does not modify sperm viability, membrane lipid organization or acrosome integrity. Furthermore, it significantly reduces high ΔΨ‐population spermatozoa at refrigeration day 4. Metformin also significantly reduces sperm motility during refrigeration. Summarizing, metformin inhibits both boar sperm ΔΨ and motility in any sperm condition studied: fresh and refrigerated. These findings dissuade metformin as an additive to improve boar sperm quality.
EU economic governance and austerity: Exploring recent perspectives
Authors: Souliotis Nicos , Afouxenidis Alex 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper presents some of the main theoretical approaches which examine changes in the EU economic governance system during the current crisis. We review standard approaches of EU studies (neo‐functionalism, liberal inter‐governmentalism, and historical institutionalism), Marxist–regulationist political economists, and Bourdieusian sociologists. The paper illustrates how scholars utilize given intellectual tools to understand ongoing trends of political and institutional change. We suggest that Bourdieusian sociologists may be in a relatively better position to interpret governance reforms and this is briefly illustrated by looking at some empirical observations from researching the effect of EU economic governance reform on the management of public assets in Greece.
Teaching with interactive computer‐based simulation models: Instructional dilemmas and opportunities in the High‐Adventure Science project
Authors: Mutch‐Jones Karen , Gasca Santiago , Pallant Amy , Lee Hee‐Sun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this descriptive study was to examine teacher instructional dilemmas and opportunities that emerged when students worked with interactive computer‐based simulation models during the High‐Adventure Science (HAS) project. The intervention included the HAS digital curriculum, designed for grades 7–12. Each curricular unit was framed to address scientific questions in earth and environmental science, currently being investigated by scientists. Instructional support was provided through a 2‐day professional development session and through reporting systems within the curriculum. During 1 academic year, data were collected from a cohort of 12 teachers, through baseline and postimplementation surveys. From a nine‐teacher cohort subset, observation, interview, and survey data were collected during the following year. Descriptive findings indicate that a designed digital curriculum with carefully sequenced interactive models has benefits but creates instructional challenges; teacher and student roles are often flipped during the implementation of such a curriculum; and teachers may need to shift their instructional approach and find new ways to make digital learning experiences relevant and compelling as they respond to both opportunities and challenges.
Molecular phylogeny and temporal diversification ofTanytarsusvan der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) support generic synonymies, a new classification and centre of origin
Authors: Lin Xiao‐Long , Stur Elisabeth , Ekrem Torbjørn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTanytarsusvan der Wulp, with 355 currently known valid species, is a comparatively large genus of nonbiting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae). Relationships amongTanytarsusand associated genera and among species in the genus have been exceptionally difficult to resolve using morphology or single gene genealogies. Here, the phylogeny ofTanytarsussensu lato is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of five nuclear markers, including both ribosomal (18S) and protein‐coding (AATS1, CAD, PGD and TPI) genes. Our results indicate thatTanytarsusis paraphyletic withCaladomyiaSäwedal placed among South AmericanTanytarsus,VirgatanytarsusPinder as part of a Gondwanan clade, andCorynoceraZetterstedt within theTanytarsus norvegicus(Kieffer) species group. Based on these results, we synonymizeCaladomyiaandVirgatanytarsuswithTanytarsus. We propose retaining the older nameCorynocerauntil an eventual International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ruling on precedence can be made regarding the more frequent usage of the younger nameTanytarsus. As expected, the previously synonymizedNimboceraReiss is confirmed to be a junior synonym ofTanytarsuswithT.rhabdomantis(Trivinho‐Strixino & Strixino) grouping with other NeotropicalTanytarsus. The genusSubletteaRoback remains valid outside ofTanytarsus + CladotanytarsusKieffer. The monophyly of some established species groups is well supported, while other groups are refuted or remain uncertain. Based on a calibrated molecular divergence time analysis,Tanytarsusdiverged from its sister groupCladotanytarsusduring the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleogene (61–79 Ma). The genus most likely originated in the Oriental and Palearctic regions.
Promoting interdisciplinary shared mental models
Authors: Herrmann Lisa E , Jarvis Lenore , Bhansali Priti , Zaveri Pavan 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundEmergency Medicine (EM) and Hospital Medicine (HM) providers frequently interact when transitioning patients from the emergency department (ED) to the inpatient unit; however, there is infrequent collaboration between these subspecialties, and effective communication in EM–HM provider handover is an area for improvement. Shared mental models can enhance communication and safety. The purpose of this article is to describe the implementation of an interdisciplinary conference to allow providers to create shared mental models, and to assess the impact on attitudes and behaviours towards communication and collaboration outside the competing attentions of patient care environments.MethodsThe authors instituted a quarterly interactive case‐based conference at an academic tertiary care children's hospital in which EM and HM subspecialty trainees co‐facilitate evidence‐based interactive presentations of clinical, diagnostic or management dilemmas. The conferences were evaluated via repeated cross‐sectional surveys of EM and HM providers, as well as session evaluations. Surveys included multiple‐choice, Likert‐scale and free‐text responses to assess the degree of interaction and collaboration between the divisions and provider attitudes toward changes in clinical practice.ResultsAssessment of the EM–HM collaborative conferences demonstrated trends towards increased interaction between divisions and increased discussion about management decisions among colleagues. Two‐thirds of individuals who attended at least one conference felt that having attended an interdisciplinary conference influenced future management decisions.Effective communication in EM–HM provider handover is an area for improvementConclusionsInterdisciplinary conferences provide a forum for cross‐specialty communication to discuss management differences in a low‐stress educational environment, and allow providers to develop shared mental models for effective, safe patient care.
Mapping fine‐scale urban housing prices by fusing remotely sensed imagery and social media data
Authors: Yao Yao , Zhang Jinbao , Hong Ye , Liang Haolin , He Jialv 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe accurate mapping of urban housing prices at a fine scale is essential to policymaking and urban studies, such as adjusting economic factors and determining reasonable levels of residential subsidies. Previous studies focus mainly on housing price analysis at a macro scale, without fine‐scale study due to a lack of available data and effective models. By integrating a convolutional neural network for united mining (UMCNN) and random forest (RF), this study proposes an effective deep‐learning‐based framework for fusing multi‐source geospatial data, including high spatial resolution (HSR) remotely sensed imagery and several types of social media data, and maps urban housing prices at a very fine scale. With the collected housing price data from China's biggest online real estate market, we produced the spatial distribution of housing prices at a spatial resolution of 5 m in Shenzhen, China. By comparing with eight other multi‐source data mining techniques, the UMCNN obtained the highest housing price simulation accuracy (Pearson R = 0.922, OA = 85.82%). The results also demonstrated a complex spatial heterogeneity inside Shenzhen's housing price distribution. In future studies, we will work continuously on housing price policymaking and residential issues by including additional sources of spatial data.