bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Management of Cervical Vertebral Fractures in Two Dogs with Severe Concurrent Vertebral Venous Plexus Hemorrhage
Authors: Guthrie James , Fitzpatrick Noel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSurgical repair of fractures and luxations of the cranial cervical vertebrae can be complicated by vertebral venous plexus hemorrhage following fracture fragment manipulation and realignment. Severe hemorrhage is potentially life threatening and may preclude definitive surgical fixation if it cannot be acceptably controlled and interferes with fixation technique. This report describes this scenario and a surgical strategy in two dogs with fractures of the second cervical vertebra. The surgical technique to limit hemorrhage included the insertion of the pins into the vertebrae, placement of collagen fleece, and autogenous cancellous bone graft over the fracture site, and while the polymethylmethacrylate cement was still within the liquid phase, axial traction was employed. The long-term outcome was considered excellent with both dogs able to ambulate unassisted and free from signs of pain. Although it is uncommon, severe vertebral venous plexus hemorrhage can occur during cervical vertebrae fracture repair. This technique provides a means to achieve internal fixation while concurrently limiting hemorrhage.
The Current Online Face of U.S. Academic Ophthalmology
Authors: Begaj Tedi , Helmy Omar , Leeman Samuel , Schaal Shlomit 
Published: November 2018

Purpose To evaluate the comprehensiveness and navigation ease of online content from Web sites of U.S. academic ophthalmology departments.
Design Cross-sectional analysis of 117 U.S. academic ophthalmology department Web sites from October 1 to October 31, 2017.
Methods Data were obtained on various categories, including: clinical access and subspecialty services, social media, patient support and accessibility, residency and fellowship details, and research and faculty characteristics. Percent of Web sites possessing each feature was calculated. In addition, a comparison of content completeness and navigation metrics of Web sites between the US News and World Report top 13 ranked departments and the remaining 96 that possess an ophthalmology residency was performed.
Results Greater than 80% of Web sites list a basic core of information online: address, contact information, resident and faculty characteristics, and clinical expertise. However, only 69.2% have capabilities to donate online and 59.8% supply educational material for common eye conditions. Less than half of institutions list emergency and trauma, oncology, and low-vision rehabilitation services; only 49.6% provide a social network platform. Strikingly, accessibility features are limited; scalable text, changeable color, and multilingual capabilities are available in 20.5, 4.3, and 8.5% of Web sites, respectively. In the comparison of top 13 departments with the remaining 96, the high-ranking departments possess more Web site features, but are just as efficient to navigate.
Conclusion U.S. academic ophthalmology departments in 2017 provide a basic foundation of online content, but few contain abundant features from the viewpoints of different users.
Is Intraoperative Fluoroscopy Necessary for Central Venous Port System Placement in Children?
Authors: Barrena S. , Triana Junco Paloma , Sánchez Galán Alba , Jimenez Gomez Javier , Martinez Leopoldo , Dore Mariela 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Central venous port (CVP) placement is traditionally performed under fluoroscopy guidance. However, efforts for radiation dose reduction in children have allowed the introduction of ultrasound guidance (USG) and anatomic landmarks as an alternative technique for CVP placement. The aim of this study is to determine whether intraoperative fluoroscopy (IF) is required to confirm the correct position of the catheter tip in children.
Patients and Methods A prospective, single-center study was performed between July and December 2017. Standard venous access site was the right internal jugular vein under USG. Estimated catheter length (ECL) was measured using anatomic landmarks. Ideal catheter length (ICL) was measured after placement under fluoroscopy guidance in the same patient. Age, sex, radiation dose, and complications were also analyzed. A t-test for paired samples and intraclass correlation coefficient were performed to analyze results.
Results A total of 30 consecutive patients aged 7 ± 2 years underwent CVP placement. The mean ECL was 17.1 ± 1.8 cm, while the mean ICL was 17.7 ± 1.8 cm. The mean difference between measurements was 0.28 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], –0.29 to 0.86; p = 0.324). Intraclass correlation coefficient analysis showed an agreement of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.91–0.98) between measurements. Mean radiation exposure during the procedure was 1.060.78 mGym2 during 0.34 ± 0.6 minutes. There were no complications registered during CVP placement.
Conclusion The correlation between IF and USG and anatomically guided catheter tip placement is optimal. These results suggest that fluoroscopy and the radiation exposure it entails can be safely avoided in selected children.
Diabetes and poverty: A primer for resource poor countries
Authors: Shaikh Altamash , Kumar K. V. S 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is assuming pandemic proportions and is affecting both the developed and developing countries. India and China are the two most populous countries in the world that account for one-sixth of the world population. The prevalence of diabetes is also very common in these two countries next to that of the United States of America. The unique characteristics of diabetes in Southeast Asians include low body weight, high visceral fat, and also the increased insulin resistance. The developing nations have to grapple with the dual burden of the nutrient deficiency and excess states. The resources allocated for the health are often scarce and have to be utilized optimally in these places. The course and complications of diabetes also differ between the developed and developing nations. In this review, we describe the unique characteristics of diabetes in poor countries and also suggest certain remedial measures to improve the same.
The barriers and challenges toward addressing the social and cultural factors influencing diabetes self-management in Indian populations
Authors: Basu Saurav , Garg Suneela 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPatient adherence to recommended diabetes self-care practices reduces the risk of diabetic complications. However, most clinic-based approaches have proved inadequate in maintaining optimal diabetic self-management and the prevention of undesirable health outcomes at the population level among disadvantaged populations. Several sociocultural factors influence patient adherence to diabetic self-care practices which should be recognized and addressed by the health-care provider, especially in lower socioeconomic status and women patients. The lack of physician empathy and tendency to assign blame upon diabetic patients for the failure of adherence without recognizing the complex sociocultural factors influencing patient behavior can undermine the possibilities for better management. The enlistment of familial support when available is valuable for improving medical adherence and health outcomes in vulnerable diabetic patients with low health literacy. Young unmarried women with diabetes are particularly at risk of diabetes stigma eroding familial support and marital prospects require need effective health communication along with their family. Moreover, women with diabetes have a greater likelihood of compromising their dietary needs for the sake of their familial dietary preferences. The inability of patients to comply with recommended exercise regimen may be derived from environmental factors; primarily unsafe neighborhoods, lack of availability of nearby recreational facilities such as public parks, and cultural resistance in patriarchal social environments. Policy approaches for improving diabetes management in disadvantaged diabetic populations should consider mandatory registration, assured diabetic medication, and follow-up in case of missed appointments. Community mobilization for overcoming societal stigma against women with diabetes also persists as a formidable challenge.
In Search of New Benchmarks: Using L2 Lexical Frequency and Contextual Diversity Indices to Assess Second Language Writing
Authors: Monteiro Kátia R , Crossley Scott A , Kyle Kristopher 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Lexical items that are encountered more frequently and in varying contexts have important effects on second language (L2) development because frequent and contextually diverse words are learned faster and become more entrenched in a learner’s lexicon (Ellis 2002a, b). Despite evidence that L2 learners are generally exposed to non-native input, most frequency and contextual diversity metrics used in L2 research represent what is produced by native speakers of English. This study develops and tests indices of lexical frequency and contextual diversity based on L2 output. The L2 indices were derived from an L2 English learner adult corpus that contained three sub-corpora based on language levels (i.e. low, medium, and high). These indices were used to predict human scores of 480 independent essays from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). First language (L1) indices reported by the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Lexical Sophistication (TAALES) were also calculated. Three regression analyses were run to predict human scores using L2 indices, L1 indices, and combined indices. The results suggested that the L2 model explained a greater amount of variance in the writing scores and that the L2 model was statistically superior to the L1 model. The findings also suggested that contextual diversity indices are better predictors of writing proficiency than lexical frequency for both the L2 and the L1 models. Finally, an index from the lower level learner sub-corpus was found to be the strongest predictor. The findings have important implications for the analysis of L2 writing in that the L2 benchmarks are more predictive than the L1 benchmarks. These findings could extend human and machine scoring approaches as well as help explain L2 writing quality.
Dynamic transcriptome profiling dataset of vaccinia virus obtained from long-read sequencing techniques
Authors: Tombácz Dóra , Prazsák István , Szűcs Attila , Dénes Béla , Snyder Michael , Boldogkői Zsolt 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Poxviruses are large DNA viruses that infect humans and animals. Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been applied as a live vaccine for immunization against smallpox, which was eradicated by 1980 as a result of worldwide vaccination. VACV is the prototype of poxviruses in the investigation of the molecular pathogenesis of the virus. Short-read sequencing methods have revolutionized transcriptomics; however, they are not efficient in distinguishing between the RNA isoforms and transcript overlaps. Long-read sequencing (LRS) is much better suited to solve these problems and also allow direct RNA sequencing. Despite the scientific relevance of VACV, no LRS data have been generated for the viral transcriptome to date.

Findings
For the deep characterization of the VACV RNA profile, various LRS platforms and library preparation approaches were applied. The raw reads were mapped to the VACV reference genome and also to the host (Chlorocebus sabaeus) genome. In this study, we applied the Pacific Biosciences RSII and Sequel platforms, which altogether resulted in 937,531 mapped reads of inserts (1.42 Gb), while we obtained 2,160,348 aligned reads (1.75 Gb) from the different library preparation methods using the MinION device from Oxford Nanopore Technologies.

Conclusions
By applying cutting-edge technologies, we were able to generate a large dataset that can serve as a valuable resource for the investigation of the dynamic VACV transcriptome, the virus-host interactions, and RNA base modifications. These data can provide useful information for novel gene annotations in the VACV genome. Our dataset can also be used to analyze the currently available LRS platforms, library preparation methods, and bioinformatics pipelines.
Random Eigenfunctions on Flat Tori: Universality for the Number of Intersections
Authors: Chang Mei-Chu , Nguyen Hoi , Nguyen Oanh , Vu Van 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We show that several statistics of the number of intersections between random eigenfunctions of general eigenvalues and a given smooth curve in flat tori are universal under various families of randomness.
Robust clinical marker identification for diabetic kidney disease with ensemble feature selection
Authors: Song Xing , Waitman Lemuel R , Hu Yong , Yu Alan S L , Robins David , Liu Mei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most frequent complications in diabetes associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. To accelerate DKD risk factor discovery, we present an ensemble feature selection approach to identify a robust set of discriminant factors using electronic medical records (EMRs).Material and MethodsWe identified a retrospective cohort of 15 645 adult patients with type 2 diabetes, excluding those with pre-existing kidney disease, and utilized all available clinical data types in modeling. We compared 3 machine-learning-based embedded feature selection methods in conjunction with 6 feature ensemble techniques for selecting top-ranked features in terms of robustness to data perturbations and predictability for DKD onset.ResultsThe gradient boosting machine (GBM) with weighted mean rank feature ensemble technique achieved the best performance with an AUC of 0.82 [95%-CI, 0.81–0.83] on internal validation and 0.71 [95%-CI, 0.68–0.73] on external temporal validation. The ensemble model identified a set of 440 features from 84 872 unique clinical features that are both predicative of DKD onset and robust against data perturbations, including 191 labs, 51 visit details (mainly vital signs), 39 medications, 34 orders, 30 diagnoses, and 95 other clinical features.DiscussionMany of the top-ranked features have not been included in the state-of-art DKD prediction models, but their relationships with kidney function have been suggested in existing literature.ConclusionOur ensemble feature selection framework provides an option for identifying a robust and parsimonious feature set unbiasedly from EMR data, which effectively aids in knowledge discovery for DKD risk factors.
Firearm Law and Policy
Authors: Pirelli Gianni 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors provide a review of firearm-related laws (i.e., federal, state, landmark legal cases), policies (e.g., “Stand Your Ground,” background checks, child access prevention), and programs (e.g., Project ChildSafe). The mixed research related to the effectiveness of these firearm policies and laws, as well as program evaluation, is summarized. Issues related to the intersection of gun-involved violence and suicide, gun ownership, and mental illness are addressed. Moreover, gun restoration programs and firearm ownership disqualification systems are discussed, as well as the important court cases related to these complicated issues. While the media and public opinion have influenced much of the legislation related to gun ownership and gun control, the authors provide the reader with a foundational knowledge of the available empirical literature related to such.
Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Pirelli Gianni 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this chapter, the authors provide an overview of domestic (DV) and intimate partner violence (IPV) with respect to the relevant definitions, statistics, and research associated with them. First, they present various definitions and types most commonly accepted in the professional literature as well as the association with firearm misuse in these contexts. Furthermore, the authors present psychological components and theories of DV and IPV, including battered woman syndrome and its utility in court proceedings and the like. In addition, they present various high-profile DV and IPV incidents involving firearms, including those that have involved celebrities, athletes, citizens, and law enforcement personnel. Lastly, the authors review laws, regulations, and protective orders associated with DV and IPV scenarios.
Modernism and the Media History of Obscenity
Authors: Forster Chris 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter surveys the history of obscenity in English jurisprudence, from the invention of obscene libel as a crime in the eighteenth century through the 1857 Obscene Publications Act and its 1959 reform. It draws on Marshall McLuhan and Friedrich Kittler to argue that the invention of obscenity, and its subsequent definitions and redefinitions, reflect changes in media ecology and technology. It begins by examining the 1960 trial of D. H. Lawrence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover, before surveying the history of obscenity, and concluding with readings of the way the technologically mediated character of obscenity is reflected in both James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as Young Man and Ian McEwan’s Atonement.
Materializing Ulysses
Authors: Forster Chris 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter compares the reception of Joyce’s 1922 Ulysses with that of Joseph Strick’s 1967 film adaptation of the novel. Although Ulysses had been legally publishable in England for decades, Strick’s film still encountered censorship from the British Board of Film Censors. The chapter argues that Joyce’s novel, for all its obscenity and provocation, mitigated its threat by foregrounding its own printedness, allying its fate to the waning power of print as a bearer of obscenity. Strick’s film, by contrast, activated the perceived power of film. The contrast of the two versions of Ulysses, which are often identical in language, thus offers a valuable window on how obscenity changed across media through the twentieth century. In making this argument, the chapter surveys print strategies of censorship, including the asterisk, and how these strategies operated in a range of works.
International Human Rights Law in the Reparation Practice of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia
Authors: Perez-Leon-Acevedo Juan-Pablo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Among international and hybrid criminal tribunals, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) is one of the few that include a reparation system for victims of crimes under its jurisdiction. This article analyses how and to what extent the ECCC has used international human rights law (IHRL) to interpret and apply reparation provisions of the ECCC legal instruments. The ECCC has largely relied on IHRL sources, particularly, the UN Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, case-law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and case-law of the European Court of Human Rights. However, such use has been adapted to the legal framework of the ECCC. Unlike human rights courts, the ECCC determines individual criminal liability and, thus, can only order reparations against convicted individuals.
Introductory Note
Authors: Reinisch August 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In 2016, the jurisprudence of ICSID tribunals and ad hoc committees largely followed established lines. However, two jurisdictional decisions evidenced that the Salini test seems to have been almost eviscerated. The use of the GATS MFN clause to access investment arbitration was rejected in Menzies and forged documents led to the inadmissibility of investment claims in Churchill Mining. The Philip Morris case addressed core issues of host state regulatory measures and investment protection standards. Several cases clarified the role of compensation as a legality requirement for expropriation, while others made the due diligence standard states owe under full protection and security more precise and one tribunal held that an investor could not even import more favourable substantive standards under the applicable MFN clause. Two annulment committees ruled on the impartiality and independence of arbitrators and the issue of “surprise arguments.”
The Cameri
Authors: Yaari Nurit 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses the establishment and growth of two new theatres founded by actor-director Yosef Milo: the Cameri Theatre in Tel Aviv (1944) and Haifa Municipal Theatre in Haifa (1961). Milo was a representative of a young generation of theatre artists who arrived in Israel at an early age and were educated by the Eretz-Yisraeli education system. The encounter of these young artists with classical Greek tragedy is presented in the context of these new theatres. By examining three productions—Anouilh’s Antigone (1946), Euripides’ Electra (1964), and Sophocles’ Antigone (1965)—the chapter defines the theatrical questions and practical problems that arose as the classic masterpieces were transposed to a new culture, and describes Yosef Milo’s quest for an innovative artistic, theatrical identity.
Experimentations
Authors: Yaari Nurit 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the theatrical work of three directors of the first post-independence generation—Arieh Sachs, Yossi Yizraely, and Edna Shavit—Israeli-born directors who chose to study directing in well-known academies in England and universities in America. They returned to Israel after their studies with plans to assimilate the traditions they learned abroad on the professional stages in Israel. All three chose to divide their professional work between teaching in academia and experimenting with dramaturgy techniques and directing methods on the professional stage. The analysis of their experiments with plays such as The Bacchae and Medea by Euripides, and Oedipus Tyrannus by Sophocles, demonstrates the challenges that they faced while grappling with the theatrical practice inherent in performing classical Greek drama: the actor’s work, the use of space, the forging of a stage image, and the expressivity of the chorus.
Lysistrata
Authors: Yaari Nurit 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the comedy Lysistrata by Aristophanes. Lysistrata is the most commonly staged of Aristophanes’ comedies in Israel; to date seven productions of that play have been staged in Israel. This is not surprising, given that it is a lurid anti-war comedy, with a plot that combines sex and war, and raises weighty issues concerning state management, war fatigue, and the desire for peace, in a fantasy where women take over control of the city. Through an analysis of four productions of that play that have been staged in Israel between 1958 and 2002, the chapter discusses the impact of historical events on the reading of the play and its performance, and shows how each production steered in the narrow range between entertainment, criticism, and protest.