bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light hydrocarbon and noble gas migration as an analogue for potential CO2 leakage: numerical simulations and field data from three hydrocarbon systems
Authors: Anderson Jacob , Romanak Katherine , Alfi Masoud , Hovorka Susan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSites where anthropogenic CO2 captured from industrial sources is stored in deep geological formations for climate change mitigation are required to show secure retention of the injected CO2. Monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) plans are needed to indicate that no CO2 release has occurred. We explored the degree to which direct comparison between a surface anomaly and reservoir geochemistry using various geochemical parameters can be used for attribution. We used data collected on light hydrocarbons and noble gases throughout the sedimentary column at three CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) sites to understand the processes that may cause fluid evolution. Light hydrocarbon and noble gases were sampled from reservoirs, gas‐bearing intervals above reservoirs, and groundwater. Vertical profiles indicated that lighter components are relatively enriched during migration (i.e. chromatographic separation). Static and numerical models were designed to simulate episodic gas migration and geochemical alteration of these geochemical parameters from solubility and sorption. The effects of hydrocarbon solubility were minimal (Bernard ratio changes within 5.2%) although field data were within the range of expected alterations from sorption. Forward models of CO2 migration and noble gas interactions showed that CO2 stripping causes an enrichment of crustal noble gases. In areas where natural fluxes of CO2 from depth are non‐existent, the occurrence of crustal noble gas signature may distinguish fugitive CO2 from the reservoir from natural near‐surface sources, and could be considered to explain apparent fluid anomalies. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical pathway for abbreviated postoperative hospital stay in free tissue transfer to the head and neck: Impact in resource utilization and surgical outcomes
Authors: Moreno Mauricio A. , Bonilla‐Velez Juliana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAssess the impact of a clinical pathway and progressive care unit (CPW/PCU) for patients undergoing head and neck free flap reconstruction with regard to patient outcomes and resource utilization.MethodsRetrospective chart review of 270 patients at an academic tertiary‐care center (2009‐2014). Outcomes were compared among a control, CPW/PCU transition, and CPW/PCU groups.ResultsCompared to control, the CPW/PCU group had significantly reduced medical complications (21.1%‐4.1%), intensive care unit length of stay (LOS, 5.02‐0.2 days), hospital LOS (10.5‐6.2 days), standardized total charges ($88 270‐$58 661), and hospital costs ($41 365‐$22 680). There were no observed differences in flap viability, surgical complications, reoperations, or readmissions. The CPW/PCU group achieved 100% home discharge.ConclusionsOur proposed CPW significantly improved patient outcomes and reduced resource utilization while maintaining flap outcomes. We propose a dynamic model for resource allocation that is easily reproducible in both academic and nonacademic settings.
Significant racial differences in the incidence and behavior of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Mehta Vikas , Ow Thomas J. , Kim Seokhwa , Tharakan Theresa , Schiff Bradley , Smith Richard V. , In Haejin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIncreased detection of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has led to overtreatment of the largely indolent follicular variant (fvPTC). To guide management of non‐aggressive lesions, we investigated whether race predicts PTC variant and tumor behavior.MethodsAnalysis of 258 973 patients from the National Cancer Database diagnosed with PTC in 2004‐2014. Clinical and tumor information was compared by race. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict fvPTC, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), and lymph node metastasis (LNM) of fvPTC.ResultsBlacks had the highest fvPTC rate (40% vs white 30%, Hispanic 26%, Asian 25%, P < .001). Blacks had higher odds of fvPTC (aOR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.28‐1.37) and lower odds of ETE than whites (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82‐0.99) (P < .001). Hispanics and Asians had lower odds of fvPTC (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.86‐0.92 and aOR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.79‐0.84) and higher odds of LNM and ETE than whites (P < .001).ConclusionsRacial disparities in fvPTC incidence and behavior should be considered to optimize diagnosis and treatment planning.
Wavelet–copula‐based mutual information for rainfall forecasting applications
Authors: Abdourahamane Zakari Seybou , Acar Reşat , Serkan Şenocak 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnder a climate change, the physical factors that influence the rainfall regime are diverse and difficult to predict. The selection of skilful inputs for rainfall forecasting models is, therefore, more challenging. This paper combines wavelet transform and Frank copula function in a mutual information‐based input variable selection (IVS) for non‐linear rainfall forecasting models. The marginal probability density functions (PDFs) of a set of potential rainfall predictors and the rainfall series (predictand) were computed using a wavelet density estimator. The Frank copula function was applied to compute the joint PDF of the predictors and the predictand from their marginal PDFs. The relationship between the rainfall series and the potential predictors was assessed based on the mutual information computed from their marginal and joint PDFs. Finally, the minimum redundancy maximum relevance was used as an IVS stopping criterion to determine the number of skilful input variables. The proposed approach was applied to four stations of the Nigerien Sahel with rainfall series spanning the period 1950–2016 by considering 24 climate indices as potential predictors. Adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system, artificial neural networks, and random forest‐based forecast models were used to assess the skill of the proposed IVS method. The three forecasting models yielded satisfactory results, exhibiting a coefficient of determination between 0.52 and 0.69 and a mean absolute percentage error varying from 13.6% to 21%. The adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system performed better than the other models at all the stations. A comparison made with KDE‐based mutual information showed the advantage of the proposed wavelet–copula approach.
Development of a stent capable of the controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor and argatroban to treat cerebral aneurysms: In vitro experiment and evaluation in a rabbit aneurysm model
Authors: Arai Daisuke , Ishii Akira , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Abekura Yu , Nishi Hidehisa , Miyamoto Susumu , Tabata Yasuhiko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn ideal stent to treat cerebral aneurysms should have an antithrombotic effect on the inner stent blood‐facing side and a tissue organization effect on the outer aneurysmal side of the stent. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of a drug containing stent in the in vivo treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Argatroban, an antithrombotic drug, is encapsulated in biodegradable poly (d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres for the controlled release with an in vitro study conducted to evaluate the drug release and anticoagulation behavior of released drug. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), an organization drug, is released from gelatin hydrogels. The stents are coated with gelatin hydrogels incorporating bFGF and PLGA microspheres containing argatroban, and applied to the carotid artery aneurysm of an elastase‐induced rabbit model. Most of the aneurysm cavity is occupied by loose connective tissues in the group treated with drug‐coated stents, whereas extensive massive hematomas are observed in the group treated with drug‐free stents. The occurrence rate of in‐stent thrombus is small in the drug‐coated stents. The stent incorporating bFGF and PLGA microspheres containing argatroban is an effective device for cerebral aneurysm treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2185–2194, 2019.
DnaJ chaperones contribute to canalization
Authors: Hughes Samantha , Vrinds Inge , de Roo Joris , Francke Christof , Shimeld Sebastian M. , Woollard Alison , Sato Atsuko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCanalization, an intrinsic robustness of development to external (environmental) or internal (genetic) perturbations, was first proposed over half a century ago. However, whether the robustness to environmental stress (environmental canalization [EC]) and to genetic variation (genetic canalization) are underpinned by the same molecular basis remains elusive. The recent discovery of the involvement of two endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐associated DnaJ genes in developmental buffering, orthologues of which are conserved across Metazoa, indicates that the role of ER‐associated DnaJ genes might be conserved across the animal kingdom. To test this, we surveyed the ER‐associated DnaJ chaperones in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We then quantified the phenotype, in the form of variance and mean of seam cell counts, from RNA interference knockdown of DnaJs under three different temperatures. We find that seven out of eight ER‐associated DnaJs are involved in either EC or microenvironmental canalization. Moreover, we also found two DnaJ genes not specifically associated with ER (DNAJC2/dnj‐11 and DNAJA2/dnj‐19) were involved in canalization. Protein expression pattern showed that these DnaJs are upregulated by heat stress, yet not all of them are expressed in the seam cells. Moreover, we found that most of the buffering DnaJs also control lifespan. We therefore concluded that a number of DnaJ chaperones, not limited to those associated with the ER, are involved in canalization as a part of the complex system that underlies development.
Using the diffusion of innovations model to guide participant engagement in the genomics era
Authors: Lewis Katie L. , Facio Flavia M. , Berrios Courtney D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExome and genome sequencing (EGS) are increasingly the genetic testing modalities of choice among researchers owing to their ready availability, low cost, and large data output. Recruitment of larger, more diverse cohorts into long‐term studies with extensive data collection is fundamental to the success of EGS research and to the widespread benefit of genomic medicine to various populations. Effective engagement will be critical to meeting this demand. The Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) model provides a framework for how new technologies are adopted in communities, including antecedents of an individual's decision to adopt the technology, how the technology's attributes influence its acceptability, the predictors of sustained use of that technology, and its diffusion through society. We apply the DOI model to frame participant engagement in EGS research and to guide the proposal of potential strategies that aim to overcome forecasted challenges. Finally, we suggest a variety of ways genetic counselors can apply their skills and training to the development and implementation of these strategies.
Development and differentiation of the reproductive system of Tropidurus catalanensis (Squamata: Tropiduridae)
Authors: Delssin Andrea Raquel , Sandoval María Teresa , Ortiz Martin Alejandro , Alvarez Blanca Beatriz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDevelopment and differentiation of the reproductive system in lizards begin in the embryonic period, although the stage and time of their occurrence vary according to populations and species. In this study, the events of the development and differentiation of the reproductive system of males and females of Tropidurus catalanensis were characterized during the embryonic, neonatal, and juvenile periods. Embryos at Stages 27, 34, 37, 40, and 41, neonates and juveniles, from Corrientes, Argentina, were analyzed. At Stage 27, the genital ridge was not observed but primordial germ cells were recorded in the yolk sac as well as the mesenteric mesenchyme, indicating the beginning of germ cell migration. Gonadal differentiation commenced at Stage 34. In males from Stage 37, the testes possessed seminiferous cords with Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, while in hatchlings seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue with mature Leydig cells were present. Spermatogenesis was observed in a specimen of 51.9 mm snout‐vent length, corresponding to the minimum reproductive size. In females, from Stage 37 until hatching, the ovaries had a cavernous medulla and a cortex with somatic cells and abundant oogonia. The onset of meiosis and folliculogenesis occurred in the juvenile period.
Sexual reproduction of the placental brooder Celleporella hyalina (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) in the White Sea
Authors: Nekliudova Uliana A. , Schwaha Thomas F. , Kotenko Olga N. , Gruber Daniela , Cyran Norbert , Ostrovsky Andrew N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe evolution of parental care is a central field in many ecological and evolutionary studies, but integral approaches encompassing various life‐history traits are not common. Else, the structure, development and functioning of the placental analogues in invertebrates are poorly understood. Here, we describe the life‐history, sexual colony dynamics, oogenesis, fertilization and brooding in the boreal‐Arctic cheilostome bryozoan Celleporella hyalina. This placental brooder incubates its progeny in calcified protective chambers (ovicells) formed by polymorphic sexual zooids. We conducted a detailed ultrastructural study of the ovary and oogenesis, and provide evidence of both auto‐ and heterosynthetic mechanisms of vitellogenesis. We detected sperm inside the early oocyte and within funicular strands, and discuss possible variants of fertilization. We also detail the development and functioning of the placental analogue (embryophore) in the various stages of embryonic incubation as well as embryonic histotrophic nourishment. In contrast to all known cheilostome placentas, the main part of embryophore of C. hyalina is not a single cell layer. Rather, it is a massive “nutritive tissue” whose basal part is associated with funicular strands presumably providing transport function. C. hyalina shows a mixture of reproductive traits with macrolecithal oogenesis and well‐developed placenta. These features give it an intermediate position in the continuum of variation of matrotrophic provisioning between lecithotrophic and placentotrophic cheilostome brooders. The structural and developmental differences revealed in the placental analogue of C. hyalina, together with its position on the bryozoan molecular tree, point to the independent origin of placentation in the family Hippothoidae.
Catheter ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Agasthi Pradyumna , Lee Justin Z. , Amin Mustapha , Al‐Saffar Farah , Goel Vasudha , Tseng Andrew , Almader‐Douglas Diana , Killu Ammar M. , Deshmukh Abhishek J. , Del‐Carpio Munoz Freddy , Mulpuru Siva K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Our primary aim was to evaluate patient‐centered outcomes and surrogate outcomes following catheter ablation (CA) of AF among patients with HFrEF compared to standard medical therapy with or without device therapy (atrioventricular node ablation and cardiac resynchronization therapy).MethodsA systematic literature review was performed limiting our searches to randomized control trials reporting outcomes of CA compared to standard medical therapy with or without device therapy were included. Patient‐centered outcomes were relative reduction in all‐cause mortality, heart failure readmissions, and recurrence of AF. Surrogate outcomes of interest were change in ejection fraction, change in peak oxygen consumption, reduction in brain natriuretic peptide levels, change in 6‐minute walk distance, and change in Minnesota living with heart failure score.ResultsSeven randomized control trials (Patient n = 721) met our inclusion criteria. All trials used radiofrequency energy for CA of AF. CA for AF was associated with significantly lower all‐cause mortality (Risk ratio [RR] = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35‐0.76, P = 0.001, I2 = 0%), lower rate of heart failure readmission (RR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.46‐0.74, P < 0.001, I2 = 0%) and lower rate of AF recurrence (RR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.22‐0.50, P < 0.001, I2 = 68%) as compared to standard medical therapy. Surrogate outcomes showed a similar benefit favoring CA.Conclusion and RelevanceCatheter ablation for AF in HFrEF is associated with improvement in patient‐centered outcomes and surrogate outcomes when compared to standard medical therapy with or without device therapy.
Sustained‐release subdermal buprenorphine implants: the future of opioid use disorder management?
Authors: Shephard Christopher J. , Drovandi Aaron D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo discuss the use of 6‐monthly buprenorphine implants for maintenance treatment of opioid use disorder and the potential clinical implications if approved in Australia.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Web of Science were searched using the key terms ‘buprenorphine implant’, ‘opioid dependence’ and ‘Probuphine’ for articles published between January 2000 and August 2017.Study selectionEnglish‐language, peer‐reviewed articles were eligible for inclusion if they evaluated the effectiveness of buprenorphine implants for opioid dependence.ResultsAfter implantation, an initial pulse is followed by an exponential decline to a non‐fluctuating buprenorphine plasma concentration sustained over 6 months. In a double‐blind randomised controlled trial, buprenorphine implants were non‐inferior to low‐to‐moderate doses of sublingual buprenorphine (SLB) in clinically stable abstinent patients, with 6‐month abstinence being superior to SLB. Adverse effects are comparable to established buprenorphine preparations, although local issues from surgical implantation and explantation procedures appear commonplace, necessitating risk evaluation and mitigation strategies. No studies compared implantable buprenorphine to methadone, which retains patients in therapy more effectively than SLB at a fixed and low dose. Implants offer potential cost savings over SLB, with biannual dosing and tamper‐proof characteristics poised to address issues such as poor adherence, misuse, diversion and inadvertent exposures.ConclusionBuprenorphine implants have expanded the therapeutic repertoire for opioid use disorder, offering greater opportunity for treatment individualisation. Implants are currently indicated for a small subset of patients who have first demonstrated clinical stability on low‐to‐moderate doses of SLB. Preliminary data highlight their potential to hypothetically supersede existing treatment modalities in appropriately selected candidates.
Separation of six compounds from pigeon pea leaves by elution–extrusion counter‐current chromatography
Authors: He Xiaoai , Zhang Huichen , Liang Xianrui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA valid and reliable method was established to separate six compounds from pigeon pea leaves via elution‐extrusion counter‐current chromatography. A solvent system composed of n‐hexane/methanol/formic acid aqueous solution with pH = 3 (10:6:4, v/v) was screened to achieve satisfactory isolation from the ethanol extract of pigeon pea leaves. Four compounds, 9.2 mg of compound 1 (96.8%), 3.2 mg of 2 (88.0%), 6.2 mg of 4 (94.2%) and 25.2 mg of 5 (94.2%), were obtained by conventional elution from 100 mg of the precipitation fraction, respectively. Two compounds, 14.4 mg of 3 (96.3%) and 28.1 mg of 6 (96.6%), with high K values were obtained by the subsequent extrusion procedure. The compounds 1–6 were identified as 3‐methoxy‐5‐(2‐phenylethenyl)‐phenol, pinostrobin chalcone, pinostrobin, 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxy‐6‐(2‐phenylvinyl)‐benzoic acid, longistylin C and cajaninstilbene acid by quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The in vitro antiproliferation activities of compounds 1, 5 and 6 against human hepatoma cell were evaluated and the half‐maximum inhibitory concentrations were acquired.
Solar‐Powered Point‐of‐Care Sonography: Our Himalayan Experience
Authors: Nolting Laura , Baker Daniel , Hardy Zachary , Kushinka Marc , Brown Heather A. 
Published: January 2019

The benefits of sonography utilization in low‐resource communities has been thoroughly demonstrated in the literature.1–3 As ultrasound units have become smaller and more portable, the feasibility of bringing these imaging devices into more remote areas is becoming a reality. One factor that limits ultrasound use in austere environments is battery life. Although solar power has been used for oxygen delivery5,6 in resource‐limited settings, its use in sonography has not been previously described. This report describes the use of a Lumify (Philips; Amsterdam, Netherlands) for a month‐long trip into a remote Himalayan region of India powered exclusively with an Anker (Shenzhen, China) solar panel for the entirety of the trip.According to the Palmetto Health Institutional Review Board, this does not qualify as “research” as defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services and therefore does not meet the requirements for institutional review board review.
Role of Ultrasound to Monitor Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Treated With a Local Corticosteroid
Authors: Chakkalakkoombil Sunitha Vellathussery , Nair Pradeep Pankajakshan , Govindarajalou Ramkumar , Barathi Deepak , Marusani Revanth , Kumar Kottyen Thazhath Harichandra 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is an entrapment neuropathy resulting from compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel (CT). We assessed the role of high‐resolution ultrasound (US) in monitoring patients with CTS treated with corticosteroid injection.MethodsWe performed high‐resolution US evaluations of the wrists of patients with CTS before and after treatment with local corticosteroid. Thirty‐nine and 17 wrists were included for analysis at the end of 1 and 3 months, respectively. The cross‐sectional area (CSA) and anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the median nerve at the CT and clinical and electrophysiologic data were recorded. We assessed whether changes in US measurements before and after the treatment correlated with clinical and electrophysiologic parameters.ResultsThe Boston symptom severity scale (p < .01), Boston functional status scale (p < .01), median nerve motor latency (p = .017), median nerve sensory velocity (p = .003), and difference in motor latencies (p = 0.03) and difference in sensory latencies (p = .03) between median and ulnar nerves showed significant changes over 1 or/and 3 months compared to baseline values. Changes in the CSA and APD correlated with changes in some clinical and electrophysiologic parameters. However, measurements of the CSA and APD at 1 or 3 months were not significantly different from baseline values.ConclusionsHigh‐resolution US parameters such as the APD and CSA of the median nerve at the CT inlet were not useful to monitor patients with CTS treated with corticosteroid injections.