bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of a multifactorial approach for (inter)national surveillance of Shigella spp. and entero-invasive Escherichia coli
Authors: Beld Maaike J. C. van den , Reubsaet Frans A.G. , Pijnacker Roan , Harpal Airien , Kuiling Sjoerd , Heerkens Evy M. , Hoeve-Bakker B. J. A. (Dieneke) , Noomen Ramón C.E.A. , Hendriks Amber C. A , Borst Dyogo , Heide Han van der , Kooistra A.M.D. (Mirjam) , Rossen John W.A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Shigella spp. and entero-invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) can cause mild diarrhea to dysentery. In the Netherlands, although shigellosis is a notifiable disease, there is no laboratory surveillance for Shigella spp. and EIEC in place. Consequently, the population structure for circulating Shigella spp. and EIEC isolates is not known. This study describes the phenotypic and serological characteristics, the phenotypic and genetic antimicrobial resistance profiles, the virulence gene profiles, the classic multi-locus sequence types (MSLT) and core genome MLST (cgMLST) types, and the epidemiology of Shigella spp. and EIEC isolates collected during a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands in 2016 and 2017.
Results: S. sonnei, S. flexneri and EIEC were predominantly detected in the Netherlands. A substantial part of the characterized isolates was resistant to antimicrobials advised for treatment, i.e., 73% was phenotypically resistant to co-trimoxazol and 19% to ciprofloxacin. Antimicrobial resistance was particularly observed in isolates from male patients who had sex with men or from patients that had travelled to Asia. Furthermore, isolates related to international clusters were also circulating in the Netherlands. Travel-related isolates formed clusters with isolates from patients without travel history, indicating their emergence into the Dutch population.
Conclusions: In conclusion, laboratory surveillance using whole genome sequencing for genetic characterization of isolates complements the current epidemiological surveillance, as the latter is not sufficient to detect all (inter)national clusters, emphasizing the importance of multifactorial public health approaches.
Epidemic population structure of clinical Klebsiella aerogenes inferred by multilocus sequence typing
Authors: Chen Sheng , Wang Yu , Zeng Lijun , Luo Wenbo , Feng Wei , Li Ping , Wang Qian , Zhou Dongsheng , Guo Chenyi , Sun Fengjun 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) act as an accurate approach to characterize bacterial population genetics, phylogeny and epidemiology, and has not yet been applied to Klebsiella aerogenes. Results: A MLST scheme was established for a collection of 213 isolates of K. aerogenes. These strains exhibited considerable sequence diversity under purifying selection, and could be assigned into 135 sequence types, which were further divided into 8 clonal complexes and a lot of doubletons and singletons scatterred in the population snapshot. Five separately clustering lineages were presented in the population, which displayed evident homologous recombination occurred within and across lineages, with a tendency of linkage disequilibrium. Conclusions: K. aerogenes shows an epidemic population structure displaying high levels of recombination occurring more frequently than point mutation.
Key words: Klebsiella aerogenes; multilocus sequence typing; sequence types; purifying selection; linkage disequilibrium; population structure
A quantitative assessment of the parameters of the role of receptionists in modern primary care using the work design framework
Authors: Burrows Michael , Gale Nicola , Greenfield Sheila , Litchfield Ian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
General practice faces unprecedented demands as the UK population ages and care complexity increases. Amidst these increased pressures, the receptionist continues to fulfil key administrative and clinically related tasks. The need for more robust support for these key personnel to ensure they stay focussed and motivated is apparent, but for this to be effective a more systematic understanding of the parameters of their work is required. Here we present a valuable insight into the tasks they fulfil their relationship with colleagues and their organisation, and their attitudes and behaviour at work collectively defined as their ‘work design’.
Methods
Our aim was to quantitatively assess the various characteristics of receptionists in UK primary care using the validated Work Design Questionnaire. A cross-sectional survey design was employed with receptionists randomly sampled from general practices across the UK. We used the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) a 21 point validated questionnaire, divided into four categories: task, knowledge and social characteristics and work context with a series of sub-categories within each.
Results
Seventy participants completed the WDQ. Receptionists reported high task variety, task significance and high level of information processing, confirming the high cognitive load placed on them by performing numerous yet significant tasks. This complex role required an array of skills and there was a reliance on colleagues for support and feedback.
Conclusion
Research with modern GP receptionists is sparse and little is known formally regarding the parameters of the role. This research explores the work design of GP receptionists and offers clinicians in practice a practical overview of this important and essential role and its implications for the modern GP practice. We suggest a number of ways in to better support the modern receptionist, including separating complex tasks to avoid the errors involved with high cognitive load, providing informal feedback and developing training programmes.
Investigation of Potential Genetic Biomarkers and Molecular Mechanism of Ulcerative Colitis Utilizing Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jiaqi , Wang Xue , Xu Lin , Zhang Zedan , Wang Fengyun , Tang Xudong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objectives: To reveal the molecular mechanisms of ulcerative colitis (UC) and provide potential biomarkers for UC gene therapy.
Methods: We downloaded the GSE87473 microarray dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC samples and normal samples. Then ,a module partition analysis was performed based on a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA),followed by pathway and functional enrichment analyses. Furthermore, we investigated the hub genes . At last, data validation was performed to ensure the reliability of the hub genes.
Results: Between UC group and normal group, 988 DEGs were investigated . The DEGs were clustered into 5 modules using WGCNA. These DEGs were mainly enriched in functions such as the immune response, the inflammatory response and chemotaxis, and they were mainly enriched in KEGG pathways such as the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction , chemokine signaling pathway, and complement and coagulation cascades. The hub genes, including dual oxidase maturation factor 2(DUOXA2), serum amyloid A (SAA) 1 and SAA2, TNFAIP3-interacting protein 3(TNIP3), C-X-C motif chemokine (CXCL1), solute carrier family 6 member 14(SLC6A14) and complement decay-accelerating factor (CD antigen CD55),were revealed as potential tissue biomarkers for UC diagnosis or treatment.
Conclusions: This study provides supportive evidence that DUOXA2, A-SAA, TNIP3, CXCL1, SLC6A14 and CD55 might be used as potential biomarkers for tissue biopsy of UC, especially SLC6A14 and CD55, which may be new targets for UC gene therapy. Moreover, the DUOX2/DUOXA2, NF-κB /TNIP3 and CXCL1/CXCR2 pathways might play an important role in the progression of UC through the chemokine signaling pathway and inflammatory response.
Implementation of Strategies to Prevent and Treat Postoperative Delirium in the Post Anesthesia Caring Unit. A German Survey of Current Practice
Authors: Saller Thomas , Hofmann-Kiefer Klaus F. , Saller Isabel , Schaefer Simon T. , Zwissler Bernhard , von Dossow Vera 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Postoperative delirium is associated with worse outcome. The aim of this study is to understand present strategies for delirium screening and therapy in German Post Anesthesia Caring Units (PACU) in hospitals and ambulatory anesthesia facilities. Methods We designed German-wide web-based survey of 922 leading anesthesiologists in hospitals and 726 in ambulatory surgery. Results The response rate was 30% for hospital anesthesiologists. 10% (95%-confidence interval: 8–12) of the anesthesiologists applied a standardised screening for delirium. Even though not on a regular basis, in 44% (41–47) of the hospitals, a recommended and validated screening was used, the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (NuDesc) or the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). If delirium is likely to occur, 46% (43–50) of the patients were examined using a delirium tool and 20% (17–23) screened in intensive care units. For the treatment of delirium, alpha-2-agonists (83%, 80–85) were used most frequently for vegetative symptoms, benzodiazepines in anxiety in 71% (68–74), typical neuroleptics in 77% (71–82%) of patients with psychotic symptoms and in 20% (15–25) of patients with hypoactive delirium. 45% (39–51) of the respondents suggested no therapy for this entity. One third of the respondents indicated an age limit for pre-anesthetic medication with a mean age (SD) of 74.2 (±6.4) years and avoid benzodiazepines. Conclusions Monitoring of delirium was not established as a standard procedure in German PACUs. However, symptom-oriented therapy for postoperative delirium corresponded with the current guidelines.
A self-aggregating peptide forms nanoparticles useful in the design of thermostable vaccines
Authors: Cruz-Resendiz Adolfo , Zepeda Jesus , Sampieri Alicia , Bastian Carlos , Acero Gonzalo , Sánchez-Betancourt Jose Ivan , Gevorkian Goar , Vaca Luis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: The use of biomaterials has been expanded to improve the characteristics of vaccines. Recently we have identified that the peptide PH (1-110) from polyhedrin self-aggregates and incorporate foreign proteins to form particles. We have proposed this peptide can be used as an antigen carrying system for vaccines. However, the immune response generated by the antigen fused to the peptide has not been characterized. In addition, the adjuvant effect and thermostability of the particles has not been evaluated.
Results: In the present study we demonstrate the use of a system developed to generate nanoparticles carrying as a fusion protein peptides or proteins of interest to use as vaccines. These nanoparticles are purified easily by centrifugation. Immunization of mice BALB/c with the nanoparticles in the absence of adjuvant result in a robust and long-lasting immune response. Proteins contained inside the nanoparticles are maintained for over one year at ambient temperature, preserving their immunological properties.
Conclusion: The rapid and efficient production of the nanoparticles in addition to the robust immune response they generate position this system as an excellent method for the rapid response against emerging diseases. The thermostability conferred by the nanoparticle system facilitates the distribution of the nanovaccines in developing countries or areas with no electricity.
Keywords : vaccines, nanoparticles, self-assembling, thermostable, immunology
Adult HIV/AIDS Patients’ Level of Satisfaction on Pharmaceutical Service: Institutional Prospective Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Girmay Adey , Tilahun Zelalem , Akele Muluemebet Zinabu , Huluka Solomon Assefa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective : Patients are essential sources of information to assess the accessibility and effectiveness of pharmaceutical care. Patients’ perception and satisfaction on the care they received has direct influence on treatment adherence. This study was thus aimed to assess HIV/AIDS patients’ level of satisfaction on the pharmaceutical services provided in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from April 16, 2018 to May 16, 2018 in Zewditu Memorial Hospital.
Result: Among the total 285 participants enrolled in the study, 172(60.4%) of them were females and the mean age of the participants was 42.5±9.8. The participants of this study received ART service for a mean duration of 7.3±3.5 years. In this study, 26.7%, 13.7%, 38.6%, 13% and 8.1% of the study participants rated the overall satisfaction to the ART pharmaceutical service as excellent, very good, good, fair, and poor, respectively. Participants who were provided information about drug-drug and drug-food interaction were 2.72 times more likely to be satisfied than those who weren’t provided (AOR=2.72, 95%CI : 1.13-6.54).
Method Shifting from Long to Short Term Contraceptives and its Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Women, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Desalegn Niguse , Habitu Yohannes Ayanaw , Yenit Melaku Kindie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective: Even if long term contraceptives are more effective, cost efficient and tolerable choices, method shifting from long to short term contraceptives continued as a global issue. Therefore this study assessed the proportion and associated factors of method shifting from long term to short term contraceptives in Gondar city administration, northwest Ethiopia. Result: A total of 390 women participated in the study that made the response rate of the current study as 96%. The overall proportion of method shifting from long to short term contraceptives was 48.5% with (95% CI: 43.8, 53.3). Had secondary level educational status (AOR=0.18, 95%CI 0.07, 0.51), had information about long acting contraceptives from friends (AOR=6.67, 95%CI 1.89, 23.52), use of long acting contraceptives for limiting purposes (AOR=0.26, 95%CI 0.11, 0.60), and had enough counseling on long acting contraceptives during ANC visits (AOR=0.20, 95% CI 0.08, 0.50) were found to have statistically significant association with method shifting.
Thrombocytopenia according to Antiretroviral Drug Combinations, Viremia and CD4 Lymphocytes among HIV-Infected Patients in Cameroon A Snapshot from the City of Yaoundé
Authors: NKA Alex Durand , Sosso Samuel Martin , Fokam Joseph , Yagai Bouba , Teto Georges , Kamgaing Rachel , Tiga Aline , Yimga Junie , Nukenine Elias Nchiwan , Nanfack Aubin Joseph , Takou Désiré , Aroga Zélateur , Colizzi Vittorio , Ndjolo Alexis 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective: Thrombocytopenia is an abnormal decrease in blood platelets, which can affect the prognosis of people living with HIV (PLHIV). In order to assess the burden of this haematological disorder, we evaluated the frequency of thrombocytopenia according to antiretroviral drug combinations, viremia and the immune status of PLHIV. Results: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted from June-November 2016 among 310 PLHIV at the “Chantal BIYA” International Reference Centre, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Overall rate of thrombocytopenia was 19.0% (59/310).The rate of thrombocytopenia was 64.6% (42/65) versus 6.9% (17/245) in ART-naïve versus ART-treated patients respectively, p<0.0001. Following viral load, rate of thrombocytopenia was 15.8% (20/130) in those with undetectable viral load, and 34.1% (27/79) with viral loads>3 log10 RNA/ml (p=0.03). As concerns CD4-count, rate of thrombocytopenia was 16.2% (42/259) in those with ≥200 CD4/mm3 versus 33.3% (17/51) with <200 CD4/mm3 (p=0.0003) .After adjusting for sex, ART, viral load and CD4, Viral load and ART exposure were significantly associated with decreased risk of thrombocytopenia (p<0.05). Thrombocytopenia occurs especially among ART-naïve, high viremia and severe immune-compromised patients. Interestingly, ART coverage appears as an independent factor in preventing the occurrence of thrombocytopenia.
Nitrate Leaching and Potato Yield under Varying Plow Timing and Nitrogen Rate
Authors: Jiang Yefang , Nyiraneza Judith , Khakbazan Mohammad , Geng Xiaoyuan , Murray Brian J. 
Published: August 2019

Core Ideas
Fall plowing created more post–fall‐plowing nitrate leaching than spring plowing.
Fall or spring plowing did not influence post–potato‐harvest nitrate leaching and potato yield.
Increasing fertilizer N input to potato crops increased post–potato‐harvest nitrate leaching.
Increasing fertilizer N input to potato crops suppressed potato yield.
Excessive nitrate leaching from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production has been linked to groundwater nitrate contamination and eutrophication in receiving surface water. This study was conducted to assess the effects on nitrate leaching and potato yield of delaying red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plowing from late fall to spring in a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–red clover–potato rotation and varying additions of fertilizer N to potato crops in Prince Edward Island, Canada, between 2014 and 2017. The experiment used a split‐plot arrangement in a completely randomized design with three replications. A stainless steel lysimeter was installed in each plot to collect soil water to test nitrate concentrations in leachate. Nitrate leaching occurred primarily between late fall, after the potato harvest, and in spring. Delaying forage plowing from late fall to spring reduced post–fall‐plowing nitrate leaching but had no influence on either post–potato‐harvest nitrate leaching or potato yield. Increasing fertilizer N input to the potato crops was shown to not only increase the risk of excessive nitrate leaching but also to suppress potato yield. Higher levels of soil N supplies from the mineralization of the plowed‐down red clover and soil organic matter to the potato crops in combination with a shorter than ideal growth period for the long‐season Russet Burbank potato appear to create overfertilizing situations, resulting in excessive post–potato‐harvest nitrate leaching and suppressed yields. Adequately accounting for soil N supplies is critical for enhancing potato productivity while minimizing nitrate leaching.
Alfalfa Powder Affects Soil Nutrient and Walnut Dry Matter Accumulation under Drought
Authors: Ma Huaying , Zhang Yan , Wei Fengqian , Hao Suxiao , Tian Ji , Yao Yuncong 
Published: August 2019

Improving soil conditions has been an increasingly important issue in degraded hilly areas; however, the effects of plant manure on soil nutrient and plant dry matter accumulation are poorly understood. We studied the effects of alfalfa powder, decomposed chicken manure and drought in a nonplanted group (NPG) and planted walnut group (PG) soil to explore the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth and dry matter accumulation in response to soil nutrients in hilly areas. Alfalfa fertilizer increased the soil water content and organic nutrient content, and drought resulted in a high carbon to nitrogen ratio and carbon to phosphorus ratio in NPG and PG soil. In addition, fertilization changed the available nutrient content of the soil in the nonirrigated NPG and PG. Alfalfa fertilizer altered the soil micro‐element contents and leaf mineral nutrient contents, promoted the net photosynthetic rate and relative water content, and inhibited the transpiration rate, resulting in high water use efficiency in leaves. Moreover, the coupling effect of soil organic matter and soil water content affected the correlations between the organic composition and mineral nutrients and maintained leaf mineral element contents as well as the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency, resulting in dry matter accumulation in the leaves, shoots and roots. This study highlights that plant manure can improve soil properties and the accumulation of plant dry matter in hilly areas.Core IdeasAlfalfa powder enhanced soil fertility in mountainous/hilly areas.Alfalfa powder improved leaf nutrient contents, leaf photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) in drought.Soil environmental factors were correlated with plant growth and dry matter accumulation.
Direct Exports of Phosphorus from Fertilizers Applied to Grazed Pastures
Authors: Nash D. M. , McDowell R. W. , Condron L. M. , McLaughlin M. J. 
Published: August 2019

Since its discovery in 1669, phosphorus (P) in the form of fertilizer has become an essential input for many agroecosystems. By introducing a concentrated P source, fertilizers increase short‐term P export potential soon after their application and longer‐term export potential by increasing soil fertility (legacy P). The 4R concept was developed to help mitigate P exports from the fertilizers that sustain agricultural productivity. This review investigates the factors affecting P exports soon after the application of mineral fertilizers to pasture‐based grazing systems and studies quantifying its potential impact in different systems, with an emphasis on Australasia. Initially, P fertilizers and reactions that might affect their short‐term P export potential are reviewed, along with P transport pathways, the forms of P exported from grazing systems, factors affecting P mobilization into water, and studies demonstrating the possible short‐term effects of fertilizer application on P exports. Using that foundation, we review studies quantifying the short‐term impact of fertilizer application in different regions; they show that under poor management, recently applied fertilizer can contribute a considerable proportion (30–80%) of total farm P exports in drainage, but when fertilizer is well‐managed, that figure is expected to be <10%. We then use three model systems of varying hydrology that are common to Australasia to demonstrate the principles for selecting fertilizers that are likely to minimize P exports soon after their application.Core Ideas
Fertilizers increase P exports directly or by increasing P cycling.
We review P pathways and processes relevant to grazing systems.
Direct fertilizer P exports can be comparatively small (<10% of annual exports).
Fertilizer selection to minimize P exports in three model systems is demonstrated.