bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure: A new challenge for Cardiac Rehabilitation Community
Authors: Giallauria Francesco , Piccioli Lucrezia , Vitale Giuseppe , Sarullo Filippo M. 
Published: September 2018

Exercise training (ET) is strongly recommended in patients with chronic stable heart failure (HF). Moderate-intensity aerobic continuous ET is the best established training modality in HF patients. In the last decade, however, high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) has aroused considerable interest in cardiac rehabilitation community. In HF patients, HIIT exerts larger improvements in exerciseÂ capacity compared to moderate-continuous ET. Since better functional capacity translates into symptoms relief and improvement in quality of life in patients with HF, this training modality is collecting growing interest and consensus, not revealing major safety issues. HIIT should not replace other training modalities in HF but should rather complement them. Inspiratory muscle training, another promising training modality in patients with HF, exerts beneficial effect on inspiratory muscle strength and inspiratory endurance, on exercise capacity and quality of life. In conclusion, taking into consideration the complecity of HF syndrome, combining and tailoring different ET modalities according to each patientâ€™s baseline clinical characteristics (i.e. exercise capacity, comorbidity, frailty status, personal needs, preferences and goals) seem the most wily approach for exercise prescription.
Transmission du virus de la leucose bovine (LBE) par tatouage à la pince
Authors: Parodi André-Laurent , Picat D. , Dufour Barbara , Manet Ghislain , Lherminier Philippe , Crespeau François , Yvrard H. 
Published: September 2018

Le tatouage à l'oreille effectué sur des taurillons avec une pince ayant servi, immédiatement avant, à tatouer un bovin infecté par le virus leucémogène bovin (BLV) a entraîné une contamination dans plus des 2/3 des cas (17/25).
Aucune relation n’a pu être établie entre le taux d'infection obtenu et l'âge de l'animal donneur, son état de lymphocytose persistante, l'absence ou le développement d’une hémorragie au lieu du tatouage chez le donneur comme chez le receveur.
Ces résultats obtenus dans des conditions très proches de la pratique usuelle, montrent la réalité du risque de transmission de BLV par les opérations de tatouage à la pince.
The climate impact of aerosols on the lightning flash rate: is it detectable from long-term measurements?
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Li Zhanqing , Guo Jianping , Zhao Chuanfeng , Cribb Maureen 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The effect of aerosols on lightning has been noted in many case studies, but much less is known about the long-term impact, relative importance of dynamics–thermodynamics versus aerosol, and any difference by different types of aerosols. Attempts are made to tackle all these factors, whose distinct roles are discovered by analyzing 11-year datasets of lightning, aerosol loading and composition, and dynamic–thermodynamic data from satellite and model reanalysis. Variations in the lightning rate are analyzed with respect to changes in dynamic–thermodynamic variables and indices such as the convective available potential energy (CAPE) and vertical wind shear. In general, lightning has strong diurnal and seasonal variations, peaking in the afternoon and during the summer. The lightning flash rate is much higher in moist central Africa than in dry northern Africa presumably because of the combined influences of surface heating, CAPE, relative humidity (RH), and aerosol type. In both regions, the lightning flash rate changes with aerosol optical depth (AOD) in a boomerang shape: first increasing with AOD, tailing off around AOD  =  0.3, and then behaving differently, i.e., decreasing for dust and flattening for smoke aerosols. The deviation is arguably caused by the tangled influences of different thermodynamics (in particular humidity and CAPE) and aerosol type between the two regions. In northern Africa, the two branches of the opposite trends seem to echo the different dominant influences of the aerosol microphysical effect and the aerosol radiative effect that are more pronounced under low and high aerosol loading conditions, respectively. Under low-AOD conditions, the aerosol microphysical effect more likely invigorates deep convection. This may gradually yield to the suppression effect as AOD increases, leading to more and smaller cloud droplets that are highly susceptible to evaporation under the dry conditions of northern Africa. For smoke aerosols in moist central Africa, the aerosol invigoration effect can be sustained across the entire range of AOD by the high humidity and CAPE. This, plus a potential heating effect of the smoke layer, jointly offsets the suppression of convection due to the radiative cooling at the surface by smoke aerosols. Various analyses were done that tend to support this hypothesis.
Evaluation of the NeQuick model performance under different geomagnetic conditions over South Africa during the ascending phase of the solar cycle (2009–2012)
Authors: Ahoua Sylvain M. , Habarulema John Bosco , Obrou Olivier K. , Cilliers Pierre J. , Zaka Zacharie K. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In order to provide a scientific base to the NeQuick characterisation under disturbed conditions, the comparison of its performance for quiet and storm days is investigated in the southern mid-latitude. This investigation was realised using the two versions of the NeQuick model which were adapted to local and storm-specific response by using the critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) and the propagation factor (M(3000)F2) derived from three South African ionosonde measurements, Hermanus (34.40∘ S, 19.20∘ E), Grahamstown (33.30∘ S, 26.50∘ E) and Louisvale (28.50∘ S, 21.20∘ E). The number of free electrons contained within a 1 m squared column section known as total electron content (TEC) is a widely used ionospheric parameter to estimate its impact on the radio signal passing through. In this study, the TEC derived from the adapted NeQuick version is compared with observed TEC derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from co-located or nearby GNSS dual-frequency receivers. The Hermanus K-index is used to select all the disturbed days (K-index ≥ 5) upon moving from low to high solar activity (from 2009 to 2012). For each disturbed day, a quiet reference day of the same month was chosen for the investigation. The study reveals that the NeQuick model shows similar reliability for both magnetic quiet and disturbed conditions, but its accuracy is affected by the solar activity. The model is much better for moderate solar activity epochs (2009 and 2010), while it exhibits a discrepancy with observations during high solar activity epochs. For instance in Hermanus, the difference between GPS TEC and NeQuick TEC (ΔTEC) is generally lower than 10 TECu in 2009, and it sometimes reaches 20 TECu in 2011 and 2012. It is also noticed that NeQuick 2 is more accurate than NeQuick 1, with an improvement in TEC estimation more significant for the high solar activity epochs. The improvement realised in the latest version of NeQuick is more than 15 % and sometimes reaches 50 %. Keywords. Ionosphere (mid-latitude ionosphere; modelling and forecasting)
Integrated management of a Swiss cropland is not sufficient to preserve its soil carbon pool in the long term
Authors: Emmel Carmen , Winkler Annina , Hörtnagl Lukas , Revill Andrew , Ammann Christof , D'Odorico Petra , Buchmann Nina , Eugster Werner 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Croplands are involved in the exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2)
between the atmosphere and the biosphere. Furthermore, soil carbon (C) stocks
play an important role in soil fertility. It is thus of great interest to
know whether intensively managed croplands act as a net source or sink of
atmospheric CO2 and if soil C stocks are preserved over long
timescales. The FluxNet site CH-Oe2 in Oensingen, Switzerland, has been
operational since the end of 2003. This cropland is managed under the Swiss
framework of the Proof of Ecological Performance (PEP, a variant of
integrated management) with a crop rotation centred on winter wheat, which
also includes winter barley, winter rapeseed, peas, potato and intermediate
cover crops. In addition to eddy covariance measurements, meteorological and
soil measurements were available along with information on C imports and
exports from organic fertilisation, sowing and harvesting. This study
investigates cropland C budgets over 13 years and assesses whether the PEP
regulations resulted in a balanced C budget. The strongest CO2 uptake was
observed during cereal seasons. C export through harvest, however, offset the
strong uptake of the cereal crops. The largest net CO2 emissions to
the atmosphere were observed during pea and cover crop seasons. Net biome
production, representing the overall C budget (assuming carbon leaching to
groundwater to be negligible), typically ranged between close to C neutral to
C losses of up to 407 g C m−2 per season, with peas being the largest
source. Overall, the field lost 1674 g C m−2 over 13 years
(129 g C m−2 yr−1), which was confirmed by soil C stock
measurements at the beginning and the end of the study period. Although
managing the field under the regulations of PEP did not result in an overall
C sink, model simulations showed that the use of cover crops reduced the C
losses compared to leaving the field bare. The use of solid manure improved
the C budget by importing substantial amounts of C into the soil, while liquid
manure had only a small effect. We thus conclude that additional efforts are
needed to bring Swiss management practices closer to the goal of preserving
soil C in the long term.
Seasonal dynamics of Totten Ice Shelf controlled by sea ice buttressing
Authors: Greene Chad A. , Young Duncan A. , Gwyther David E. , Galton-Fenzi Benjamin K. , Blankenship Donald D. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Previous studies of Totten Ice Shelf have employed surface velocity
measurements to estimate its mass balance and understand its sensitivities to
interannual changes in climate forcing. However, displacement measurements
acquired over timescales of days to weeks may not accurately characterize
long-term flow rates wherein ice velocity fluctuates with the seasons.
Quantifying annual mass budgets or analyzing interannual changes in ice
velocity requires knowing when and where observations of glacier velocity
could be aliased by subannual variability. Here, we analyze 16 years of
velocity data for Totten Ice Shelf, which we generate at subannual resolution
by applying feature-tracking algorithms to several hundred satellite image
pairs. We identify a seasonal cycle characterized by a spring to autumn
speedup of more than 100 m yr−1 close to the ice front. The amplitude
of the seasonal cycle diminishes with distance from the open ocean,
suggesting the presence of a resistive back stress at the ice front that is
strongest in winter. Springtime acceleration precedes summer surface melt and
is not attributable to thinning from basal melt. We attribute the onset of
ice shelf acceleration each spring to the loss of buttressing from the
breakup of seasonal landfast sea ice.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Posterior Medial Meniscus Root Repair: Association With Body Mass Index
Authors: Brophy Robert H. , Wojahn Robert D. , Lillegraven Olivia , Lamplot Joseph D. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to assess the association of outcomes from posterior medial meniscus root repairs with patient age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

Methods:
Patients who underwent arthroscopic posterior medial meniscus root repair completed the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and reported subsequent surgeries. The association of patient factors with subsequent surgery and clinical osteoarthritis (OA) based on the KOOS score was evaluated.

Results:
Minimum 2-year follow-up was available on 22/25 patients (88%). Two patients (9.1%) had subsequent surgeries, and 10 (45.5%) met the KOOS criteria for OA. A BMI over 35 kg/m2 was associated with repeat surgery (25% versus 0%; P = 0.049) and clinical OA (75% versus 28.6%; P = 0.035).

Conclusion:
Although arthroscopic repair of posterior medial root tears has good clinical outcomes and a low rate of subsequent surgery, an elevated BMI level is associated with worse clinical outcomes and a higher rate of subsequent surgery.
Reporting the Influence of Sex in Research: Trends at AAOS Annual Meetings
Authors: Tisosky Ashley , Logan Catherine , Brook Emily M. , Xu Jen , Matzkin Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Several initiatives have urged the inclusion of sex in data analysis, but few studies have examined the prevalence of sex-specific reporting in musculoskeletal research. This study aims at determining the presence of sex-specific analyses reported in research at American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meetings.

Methods:
Abstracts listed in the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting programs from 2006 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed for the presence of research reporting the results of a sex-specific analysis.

Results:
The number of abstracts reporting a sex-specific analysis increased from 48 (2006) to 117 (2013) but accounts for 5.4% of research presented from 2006 to 2013. Hip and knee arthroplasty literature accounted for 37% of included abstracts.

Conclusions:
The reporting of sex-specific analyses has improved over time but accounts for 5.4% of research presented at annual meetings from 2006 to 2013. The inclusion of sex-specific analyses should be required for future research publications to better understand the influence of sex in musculoskeletal medicine.
Cooperation, the Crowding Out Effect and the Role Of Incentives in the Case of Sustainable Hydroplant Project in Brazil
Authors: Mussi Fabricio Baron , Tortato Ubirata 
Published: September 2018

Research Question: This paper sought to present a proposal for the analysis of the cooperation between a hydroelectric power plant and the fisheries community. Motivation: The use of economic experiments on the sustainability theme has been employed by adapting public goods games to the different realities faced by the players. For this research, focused on the environmental preservation, preferring to contribute/not to contribute to their preservation consists of public goods dilemmas. This subject also constitutes a research opportunity, since in the preliminary literature review few studies addressed concomitantly the sustainability question related to hydroelectric plants and the cooperation between them and a group of local stakeholders. Idea: The core idea of this paper was to bring a proposal of association between the behavioural economics and crowding out theory to the analysis of actions envisaging sustainability, which demand the cooperation between a hydroelectric power plant and the fisheries community that make a living out of its reservoir. Data: The research was conducted assessing documents such as Itaipu´s annual sustainability reports and other documents between the plant and its stakeholders, in the environmental area, and in the form of contracts and cooperation agreements. Next, eight personal interviews were conducted with managers involved in the Sustainability Programme. Tools: With these information, the suggested public goods game was adapted from Fehr and Gachter (2000), and Sefton, Shupp and Walker (2007), and – for the present proposal of experiment – was named ‘reservoir game’, as the public goods in this case is Itaipu´s plant reservoir. Findings: This study can help in the acquisition of relevant information about the applicability and efficiency of punishment and reward mechanisms related to cooperation, either in support of future negotiations and agreements or in bargaining situations when groups present their demands. One can only hope to have also contributed to the improvement of management of contractual agreements between corporations and local stakeholders in projects targeting sustainability, to reduce any transaction costs, and minimize the possibilities for conflict and disagreement between partners. Contribution: This paper expands existing research related to cooperation between a power plant and its local stakeholders.
Gold Doping in a Layered Co‐Ni Hydroxide System via Galvanic Replacement for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Sultana Ummul K. , Riches James D. , O'Mullane Anthony P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe development of active yet stable bifunctional materials to produce hydrogen and oxygen via electrochemical water splitting is an ongoing challenge. Here, a system based on electrodeposited Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 containing highly distributed gold nanoparticles at less than 0.25 at% to facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) under alkaline conditions is developed. The key aspect is using galvanic replacement to deposit gold on a layer of electrodeposited Co(OH)2 prior to electrodepositing Ni(OH)2. The fabrication of a composite system based on Co(OH)2‐Au‐Ni(OH)2 is required for optimal activity for both the HER and OER. The composite is characterized with helium ion microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, depth profiling X‐ray photoelectron microscopy, and a variety of electrochemical techniques. This material exceeds the activity of Pt for the HER at current densities greater than 40 mA cm−2 and is stable for both reactions for prolonged periods of electrolysis. In a two‐electrode configuration, current densities greater than 175 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting could be readily achieved at an applied voltage of 1.90 V in a commercially relevant electrolyte of 6 m NaOH.
Porous Hollow Fiber Nickel Electrodes for Effective Supply and Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methane through Microbial Electrosynthesis
Authors: Alqahtani Manal F. , Katuri Krishna P. , Bajracharya Suman , Yu Yuanlie , Lai Zhiping , Saikaly Pascal Elias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicrobial electrochemical reduction of CO2 gas to value‐added chemical products requires the development of an electrode architecture with a three‐phase interface for efficient mass transport. A hybrid bioinorganic system for CO2 reduction to CH4 is developed by coupling a new electrode architecture with enriched methanogenic community. The novel electrode design consists of porous nickel hollow fibers, which act as an inorganic electrocatalyst for hydrogen generation from proton reduction and as a gas‐transfer membrane for direct CO2 delivery to CO2‐fixing hydrogenotrophic methanogens (biological catalyst) on the cathode through the pores of the hollow fibers. These unique features of the electrode create a suitable environment for the enrichment of methanogens, which utilize the hydrogen as a source of reducing equivalents for the conversion of CO2 to CH4. The performance of the nickel electrode is tested in microbial electrosynthesis cells operated at cathode potential of −1 V versus Ag/AgCl, achieving high faradaic efficiency of 77% for CH4. The superior performance of the hybrid bioinorganic system is attributed to the electrode architecture, which provides a three‐phase boundary for gas–liquid reactions, with the reactions supported by the inorganic and biological catalysts.
Sapphire Photonic Crystal Waveguides for Terahertz Sensing in Aggressive Environments
Authors: Katyba Gleb M. , Zaytsev Kirill I. , Chernomyrdin Nikita V. , Shikunova Irina A. , Komandin Gennady A. , Anzin Vladimir B. , Lebedev Sergey P. , Spektor Igor E. , Karasik Valeriy E. , Yurchenko Stanislav O. , Reshetov Igor V. , Kurlov Vladimir N. , Skorobogatiy Maksim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTerahertz (THz) frequency range opens significant opportunities in various fundamental and applied fields including condensed matter physics and chemistry, biology and medicine, public security and nondestructive testing. Despite significant advances in THz instrumentation, the problem of THz sensing in harsh environments, particularly at high temperatures and pressures, remains acute due to the lack of THz materials and optical components capable for operation under the extreme conditions. To address this problem, the THz hollow‐core photonic crystal sapphire waveguides that are fabricated using shaped crystal growth technique are developed. Numerical analysis and experimental study show that the proposed waveguides operate in a few‐mode regime and allow for the broadband transmission of THz pulses with small dispersions and low propagation losses. Thanks to the unique physical properties of sapphire, the proposed waveguides are capable of operating in a variety of aggressive environments. As an example, the developed waveguides are used to conduct the intra‐waveguide interferometric sensing of phase transitions in sodium nitrite films at high temperatures. It is believed that the proposed sapphire‐based material's platform has strong potential for developing THz guided optics for applications in intra‐waveguide spectroscopy, interferometry, and remote sensing in aggressive environments.
Highly Luminescent Organic Nanorods from Air Oxidation of para‐Substituted Anilines for Freestanding Deep‐Red Color Filters
Authors: Park Yoonsang , Park Cheolwoo , Kim Joo Sung , Ahn Tae Kyu , Lim Ho Sun , Lee Tae‐Woo , Kwon Woosung 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOxidation of aniline provides useful organic nanostructures with a wide variety of particle morphologies and properties. Accordingly, in the present study, novel luminescent organic nanorods (ONs) are synthesized through one‐step air oxidation of para‐substituted anilines without any shape‐guiding surfactants. These ONs present highly crystalline rod‐like structures due to the ortho‐coupling reaction of aniline and π–π interactions between the phenazine‐like structures. Using photoluminescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, time‐correlated single photon counting, and time‐dependent density functional theory calculation, it is revealed that the phenazine‐like structures in the ONs are largely responsible for their bright, photostable, deep‐red luminescence with absolute quantum efficiency up to 46%. Finally, the potential application of ONs as a freestanding color filter for deep‐red‐light‐emitting devices that could be used for color pixels of future displays is demonstrated. The findings of this study provide a new strategy for the preparation of luminescent organic nanomaterials, and show their potential for optoelectronic applications.
High Oxide Ion Conduction in Molten Na2W2O7
Authors: Xu Jungu , Li Yanchang , Wang Jiehua , Bao Hongliang , Wang Jianqiang , Zhu Changli , Ye Lingting , Xie Kui , Kuang Xiaojun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently, oxide ion transport in molten electrolytes has attracted increased attention, and molten electrolytes based on Bi2O3, V2O5 and TeO2 oxides have shown excellent oxide ion conductivity and thus possess great potential as electrochemical energy materials. A new concept of molten oxide fuel cells (MOFCs) is proposed as a promising energy technology that can work in the intermediate temperature range of 500–800 °C, complementary to solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Here, oxide ion transport in molten Na2W2O7 is presented, with a recorded oxide ion conductivity of ≈0.015 S cm−1 at 750 °C and delivered power density of 121 mW cm−2 as a MOFC electrolyte operating at 750 °C supported by an insulating Al2O3 matrix. This represents a significant advance to the MOFC output compared with the only previous performance reported (11.5 mW cm−2) achieved using a molten TeO2‐based electrolyte. The W L3‐edge extended X‐ray absorption fine structure spectra suggests that the disordered coordination‐number‐variable WO4+x mixed polyhedral network plays an important role in the oxide ion conduction in the molten Na2W2O7. These results emphasize a great opportunity to exploit oxide ion conductors within the molten oxide family, which can bring a brighter prospect to the MOFCs.