bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
РЕАЛЬНИЙ СТАН СФОРМОВАНОСТІ КРЕАТИВНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ НАВЧАННЯ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ: ЦІЛЕ-МОТИВАЦІЙНИЙ КОМПОНЕНТ
Authors: Скробака Юлія 
Published: June 2019

Анотація. У статті висвітлюються реальний стан сформованості креативного мислення молодших школярів у процесі навчання іноземних мов за ціле-мотиваційним компонентом як ключового щодо розвитку означеного феномена. Внесено уточнення щодо трактування понять «діагностування» та «діагностика». У логічній послідовності розкриваються методики, спрямовані на виявлення сформованості креативного мислення молодших школярів за ціле-мотиваційним компонентом. Виокремлено тести, спрямовані на виявлення сформованості креативного мислення молодших школярів за ціле-мотиваційним компонентом, зокрема, тест мотивації школяра до навчання у школі О. Ануфрієва та С. Костроміної та тест-питальник мотивації досягнення А. Мехрабіяна, створений для виміру мотиву прагнення до успіху і мотиву уникнення невдачі. У статті подається розроблений автором тест «Креативне мислення», який дає можливість визначити рівень сформованості креативного мислення молодших школярів у процесі вивчення іноземних мов за досліджуваним компонентом. Автором акцентується увага на недостатньому рівні сформованості мотиваційної складової щодо розвитку креативного мислення на уроках іноземної мови.
X-Ray Observations of an Intermediate Polar V2400 Oph
Authors: Joshi Arti , Pandey J. C. , Singh Harinder P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Based on the X-ray observations from XMM-Newton and Suzaku satellites at four different epochs, we present temporal and spectral properties of an intermediate polar (IP) V2400 Oph (=RX J1712.6-2414). The X-ray variations are found to occur at the spin and synodic periods and are derived to be 929 s and 1003 s, respectively. The X-ray spectrum is strongly absorbed by a dense material with an average equivalent hydrogen column density of ∼5 × 1022 cm−2, which partially covers ∼46% of the X-ray source. Suzaku spectra in the 0.3–50 keV energy range are well explained by two temperature collisional equilibrium plasma emission models with its reflection from the cold matter. A soft X-ray emission is also seen in the X-ray spectrum of V2400 Oph and is well modeled by the blackbody with an average temperature of ∼98 eV. The partial covering absorbers and softness ratio are spin phase dependent indicating that the coverage of accretion curtains is variable. A strong emission line of fluorescent Fe Kα at 6.4 keV is also detected in the X-ray spectra. The central energy of Fe Kα appears to be redshifted and found to be modulated with the white dwarf (WD) rotation, where modulations are at minimum around the spin minimum, indicating that the redshifted line is originated from pre-shock accreting material via fluorescence. An attempt is also made to characterize the system and to understand the magnetic accretion flows using the present data of V2400 Oph.
Cinematic Visualization of Multiresolution Data: Ytini for Adaptive Mesh Refinement in Houdini
Authors: Borkiewicz Kalina , Naiman J. P. , Lai Haoming 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We have entered the era of large multidimensional data sets represented by increasingly complex data structures. Current tools for scientific visualization are not optimized to efficiently and intuitively create cinematic production quality, time-evolving representations of numerical data for broad impact science communication via film, media, or journalism. To present such data in a cinematic environment, it is advantageous to develop methods that integrate these complex data structures into industry-standard visual effects software packages, which provide a myriad of control features otherwise unavailable in traditional scientific visualization software. In this paper, we present the general methodology for the import and visualization of nested multiresolution data sets into commercially available visual effects software. We further provide a specific example of importing adaptive mesh refinement data into the software Houdini. This paper builds on our previous work, which describes a method for using Houdini to visualize uniform Cartesian data sets. We summarize a tutorial available on the website www.ytini.com, which includes sample data downloads, Python code, and various other resources to simplify the process of importing and rendering multiresolution data.
Tilted Disks around Black Holes: A Numerical Parameter Survey for Spin and Inclination Angle
Authors: White Christopher J. , Quataert Eliot , Blaes Omer 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We conduct a systematic study of the properties of tilted accretion flows around spinning black holes, covering a range of tilt angles and black hole spins, using the general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics code Athena++. The same initial magnetized torus is evolved around black holes with spins ranging from 0 to 0.9, with inclinations ranging from 0° to 24°. The tilted disks quickly reach a warped and twisted shape that rigidly precesses about the black hole spin axis with deformations in shape large enough to hinder the application of linear bending wave theory. Magnetized polar outflows form, oriented along the disk rotation axes. At sufficiently high inclinations a pair of standing shocks develops in the disks. These shocks dramatically affect the flow at small radii, driving angular momentum transport. At high spins they redirect material more effectively than they heat it, reducing the dissipation rate relative to the mass accretion rate and lowering the heating efficiency of the flow.
The Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Measuring the Cross-correlation between the Mg ii Flux Transmission Field and Quasars and Galaxies at z = 0.59
Authors: du Mas des Bourboux Hélion , Dawson Kyle S. , Busca Nicolás G. , Blomqvist Michael , Agathe Victoria de Sainte , Balland Christophe , Bautista Julian E. , Guy Julien , Kamble Vikrant , Myers Adam D. , Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Pieri Matthew M. , Rich James , Schneider Donald P. , Slosar Anže 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We present the first attempt at measuring the baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAOs) in the large-scale cross-correlation between the magnesium-II doublet (Mg ii) flux transmission field and the position of quasar and galaxy tracers. The Mg ii flux transmission continuous field at 0.3 < z < 1.6 is measured from 500,589 quasar spectra obtained in the Baryonic Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) and the extended BOSS (eBOSS). The positions of 246,697 quasar tracers and 1346,776 galaxy tracers are extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I and II, BOSS, and eBOSS catalogs. In addition to measuring the cosmological BAO scale and the biased matter density correlation, this study allows tests and improvements to cosmological Lyα analyses. A feature consistent with that of the BAOs is detected at a significance of Δχ
2 = 7.25. The measured Mg ii linear transmission bias parameters are b
Mg ii(2796) (z = 0.59) = (−6.82 ± 0.54) × 10−4 and b
Mg ii(2804) (z = 0.59) = (−5.55 ± 0.46) ×10−4, and the Mg i bias is b
Mg i(2853) (z = 0.59) = (−1.48 ± 0.24) × 10−4. Their redshift evolution is characterized by the power-law index: γ
Mg = 3.36 ± 0.46. These measurements open a new window toward using BAOs from flux transmission at z < 1 in the final eBOSS sample and in the upcoming sample from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument.
The Effect of Binarity on Circumstellar Disk Evolution
Authors: Barenfeld Scott A. , Carpenter John M. , Sargent Anneila I. , Rizzuto Aaron C. , Kraus Adam L. , Meshkat Tiffany , Akeson Rachel L. , Jensen Eric L. N. , Hinkley Sasha 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We present new results on how the presence of stellar companions affects disk evolution based on a study of the 5–11 Myr old Upper Scorpius OB Association. Of the 50 G0-M3 Upper Sco members with disks in our sample, only seven host a stellar companion within 2″ and brighter than K = 15, compared to 35 of 75 members without disks. This matches a trend seen in the 1–2 Myr old Taurus region, where systems with a stellar companion within 40 au have a lower fraction of infrared-identified disks than those without such companions, indicating shorter disk lifetimes in close multiple systems. However, the fractions of disk systems with a stellar companion within 40 au match in Upper Sco and Taurus. Additionally, we see no difference in the millimeter brightnesses of disks in Upper Sco systems with and without companions, in contrast to Taurus where systems with a companion within 300 au are significantly fainter than wider and single systems. These results suggest that the effects of stellar companions on disk lifetimes occur within the first 1–2 Myr of disk evolution, after which companions play little further role. By contrast, disks around single stars lose the millimeter-sized dust grains in their outer regions between ages of 1–2 Myr and 5–11 Myr. The end result of small dust disk sizes and faint millimeter luminosities is the same whether the disk has been truncated by a companion or has evolved through internal processes.
Elemental Abundances in M31: Alpha and Iron Element Abundances from Low-resolution Resolved Stellar Spectroscopy in the Stellar Halo
Authors: Escala Ivanna , Kirby Evan N. , Gilbert Karoline M. , Cunningham Emily C. , Wojno Jennifer 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Measurements of [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] can probe the minor merging history of a galaxy, providing a direct way to test the hierarchical assembly paradigm. While measurements of [α/Fe] have been made in the stellar halo of the Milky Way (MW), little is known about detailed chemical abundances in the stellar halo of M31. To make progress with existing telescopes, we apply spectral synthesis to low-resolution DEIMOS spectroscopy (R ∼ 2500 at 7000 Å) across a wide spectral range (4500 Å < λ < 9100 Å). By applying our technique to low-resolution spectra of 170 giant stars in five MW globular clusters, we demonstrate that our technique reproduces previous measurements from higher resolution spectroscopy. Based on the intrinsic dispersion in [Fe/H] and [α/Fe] of individual stars in our combined cluster sample, we estimate systematic uncertainties of ∼0.11 dex and ∼0.09 dex in [Fe/H] and [α/Fe], respectively. We apply our method to deep, low-resolution spectra of 11 red giant branch stars in the smooth halo of M31, resulting in higher signal-to-noise ratios per spectral resolution element compared to DEIMOS medium-resolution spectroscopy, given the same exposure time and conditions. We find

[α/Fe]

= 0.49 ± 0.29 dex and

[Fe/H]

= −1.59 ± 0.56 dex for our sample. This implies that—much like the MW—the smooth halo field of M31 is likely composed of disrupted dwarf galaxies with truncated star formation histories that were accreted early in the halo’s formation.
On the Origin of the Magnetic Energy in the Quiet Solar Chromosphere
Authors: Martínez-Sykora Juan , Hansteen Viggo H. , Gudiksen Boris , Carlsson Mats , De Pontieu Bart , Gošić Milan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The presence of magnetic field is crucial in the transport of energy through the solar atmosphere. Recent ground-based and space-borne observations of the quiet Sun have revealed that magnetic field accumulates at photospheric heights, via a local dynamo or from small-scale flux emergence events. However, most of this small-scale magnetic field may not expand into the chromosphere due to the entropy drop with height at the photosphere. Here we present a study that uses a high-resolution 3D radiative MHD simulation of the solar atmosphere with non-gray and non-LTE radiative transfer and thermal conduction along the magnetic field to reveal that (1) the net magnetic flux from the simulated quiet photosphere is not sufficient to maintain a chromospheric magnetic field (on average), (2) processes in the lower chromosphere, in the region dominated by magnetoacoustic shocks, are able to convert kinetic energy into magnetic energy, (3) the magnetic energy in the chromosphere increases linearly in time until the rms of the magnetic field strength saturates at roughly 4–30 G (horizontal average) due to conversion from kinetic energy, (4) and that the magnetic features formed in the chromosphere are localized to this region.
Effects of Ringed Structures and Dust Size Growth on Millimeter Observations of Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Li 李亚 Ya-Ping 平 , Li 李 Hui 晖 , Ricci Luca , Li 李胜 Shengtai 台 , Birnstiel Tilman , Isella Andrea , Ansdell Megan , Yuan 袁 Feng 峰 , Dra̧żkowska Joanna , Stammler Sebastian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The growth of solids from submicron to millimeter and centimeter sizes is the early step toward the formation of planets inside protoplanetary disks (PPDs). However, such processes and their potential impact on the later stages of solid growth are still poorly understood. In this work, we test the hypothesis that most disks contain at least one ringed structure with a relatively small radius. We have carried out a large family of 1D two-fluid (gas+dust) hydrodynamical simulations by evolving the gas and dust motion self-consistently while allowing dust size to evolve via coagulation and fragmentation. We investigate the joint effects of ringed structures and dust size growth on the overall submillimeter and millimeter flux and spectral index of PPDs. Ringed structures slow down the dust radial drift and speed up the dust growth. In particular, we find that those unresolved disks with a high fragmentation velocity (∼10 m s−1) and a high dust surface density (∼10 g cm−2 in the ring) can have millimeter spectral indices as low as ∼2.0, consistent with millimeter observations of faint disks in nearby star-forming regions. Furthermore, disks with more than one ringed structure can potentially reproduce brighter disks with spectral indices lower than ∼2.5. Future multiwavelength high-resolution observations of these low-spectral-index sources can be used to test the existence of the ringed structures in the unresolved disks and differentiate the effects of dust size growth from optical depth.
Seroprevalence of antibodies for pertussis and diphtheria among people leaving or entering China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Han Hui , Fang Zhiqiang , Ye Xiangguang , Wu Hailei , Zuo Feng , Shi Quan , Mu Jinping , Xu Baoliang 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Despite high population immunity, pertussis remains one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to pertussis toxin (PT) and diphtheria among the adult male population leaving or entering China.
Methodology: Blood samples were obtained from 240 Chinese and 207 African healthy adults that were leaving and entering China, respectively. Serum IgG antibodies against PT (anti-PT IgG) and diphtheria were determined.
Results: The mean concentration of anti-PT IgG antibodies was 13.82 IU/mL and 18.11 IU/mL for the leaving and entering populations, respectively. None of the studied Chinese leaving China were seropositive for pertussis. Of the 240 subjects leaving China, 209 (87.1%) had anti-diphtheria antibody concentrations of ≥ 0.1 IU/mL and 31 (12.9%) had antibody concentrations between 0.01 and 0.099 IU/mL. Eleven (5.31%) of the studied Africans entering China had anti-PT IgG antibodies higher than 30 IU/mL and thus were considered seropositive for pertussis. Of the 207 Africans entering China, antibody concentrations of ≥ 0.1 IU/mL were found in 164 subjects (79.2%) while 43 (20.8%) had antibody concentrations between 0.01 and 0.099 IU/mL.
Conclusions: Almost all Chinese adult men leaving China and most African men entering China have very low serum antibody levels of pertussis. Furthermore, the antibody level of diphtheria among these two populations was low among adults. A larger population study is needed to determine whether booster vaccinations against pertussis and diphtheria should be considered for adults in China and also for Africans entering China.
Antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in public hospitals of northeastern Mexico
Authors: González-Olvera Eliab M , Pérez-Morales Rebeca , González Zamora Alberto , Castro-Escarpulli Graciela , Palma-Martínez Ingrid , Alba-Romero José J 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the second most prevalent opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections in Mexico. This study evaluated antibiotic resistance, production of virulence factors and clonal diversity of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients undergoing nosocomial infections in public hospitals of northeastern Mexico.
Methodology: Ninety-two P. aeruginosa isolates from urine culture, Foley catheter, ear, wounds, respiratory tract secretions, scalp, blood culture, bronchoalveolar lavage, expectoration and cerebrospinal fluid causing nosocomial infections were analyzed. The isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF and antibiotic resistance profiles obtained by MicroScan®. The production of virulence factors was analyzed with spectrophotometric techniques and isolates genotyped by ERIC-PCR.
Results: Out of the 92 isolates, 26 (28.2%) were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR); 21 (22.7%) were classified as extremely drug resistant (XDR). Highest resistance rate was found for gatifloxacin (42%) while ciprofloxacin accounted for the antibiotic with the lowest resistance rate (2%). Bronchoalveolar lavage isolates produced the highest amounts of virulence factors: biofilm (44.4% ± 2.7%), elastase (58.5% ± 4.3%), alkaline protease (60.1% ± 5.0%); except for pyocyanin production. The ERIC-PCR assay showed 83 genetic patterns (90% clonal diversity) and 13 isolates had 100% genetic similarity, forming 4 real clones, 3 of these clones were obtained from different anatomical site and/or hospital.
Conclusions: Antibiotic resistance and virulence factors production was heterogeneous among samples analyzed. Genotyping of P. aeruginosa strains showed high genetic diversity in the studied isolates.
Nebria germari Heer, 1837 – insight about the distribution and ecology of a climate-sensitive species of the Eastern Alps
Authors: Valle Barbara , Ambrosini Roberto , Caccianiga Marco , Gobbi Mauro 
Published: June 2019

Nebria germari (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is a cold-adapted species currently restricted to high altitude habitats of the Eastern Alps and exhibits fragmented distribution patterns suggesting refugial occurrence. It is a brachypterous species (thus with low dispersal ability) and it has nocturnal forage behaviour (mainly predating springtails and midges).
Since N. germari is an endemic and a climate-sensitive species, we performed a study aimed at describing the past distribution on the Dolomites (Italy), the ecology and the current population dynamic on debris-covered glaciers of this area where it is still abundant.
The past distribution was investigated by reviewing literature and analysing the labels of the specimens preserved in some Museum collections. We found that, until the second half of the last century, the lower altitudinal limit of this species was around 2000 m asl. Specifically, it was abundant in alpine grasslands on carbonate substrata (Carex firma-dominated). Field data collected in the last ten years demonstrated the current extinction in this grassland type of the Southern Alps, with a consequent contraction of the distribution.
Currently, N. germari is still abundant in high altitude, north-faced, scree slopes with macroporal soil structure, in deep underground and on debris-covered glaciers due to its preference for cold temperatures (i.e. terrains with average annual temperature of ca. 0°C).
Preliminary results obtained analysing, through the snow-free period, the larval, sub-adult and adult abundance patterns on debris-covered glaciers suggest that, in this kind of harsh habitat, N. germari is a spring rather than an autumn breeder as was documented in the last century for the populations found in high alpine prairies. In addition, the population size seems to decrease from the snowmelt to the beginning of the snow period and to increase with the percentage of coarse fraction of the terrain. Conversely, no significant relation was found between the population size and the abundance of preys (Collembola) and competitors (Araneae).
Semantic Annotation of Botanical Collection Data
Authors: Röpert Dominik , Reimeier Fabian , Holetschek Jörg , Güntsch Anton 
Published: June 2019

Herbarium specimens have been digitized at the Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum, Berlin (BGBM) since the year 2000. As part of the digitization process, specimen data have been recorded manually for specific basic data elements. Additional elements were usually added later based on the digital images.
During the last twenty years, data were transcribed exactly as they were written on the labels, a widely used procedure in European herbaria. This approach led to a large number of orthographic variations especially with regard to person and place names.
To improve interoperability between records within our own collection database and across collection databases provided by the community, we have started to enrich our metadata with Linked Open Data (LOD)-based links to semantic resources starting with collectors and geographic entities. Preferred resources for semantic enrichment (e.g., WikiData, GeoNames) have been agreed on by members of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) in order to exploit the potential of semantically enriched collection data in the best possible way.
To be able to annotate many collection records in a relatively short time, priority was given to concepts (e.g., specific collector names) that occur on many specimen labels and that have an existing and easy-to-find semantic representation in an external resource. With this approach, we were able to annotate 52,000 specimen records in just a few weeks of working time of a student assistant.
The integration of our semantic annotation workflows with other data integration, cleaning, and import processes at the BGBM is carried out using an OpenRefine-based platform with specific extensions for services and functions related to label transcription activities (Kirchhoff et al. 2018).
Our semantically enriched collection data will contribute to a “Botany Pilot,” which is presently being developed by member organizations of CETAF to demonstrate the potential of Linked Open Collection Data and their integration with existing semantic resources.
The Creation of a Climatic Map of the Flora of the Netherlands
Authors: Sparrius Laurens , van der Hak Dion 
Published: June 2019

In this study, a high-resolution map showing the response of wild plants to climate patterns was created by combining open data from various sources.
The first step was to estimate the average temperature in the European distribution of each plant species occurring in the Netherlands. We used GBIF observations (GBIF.org 2017, 70.3M records) and the Worldclim2 BIO1 climatic model (Fick and Hijmans 2017) as datasources. Data cleaning included taxonomy (mapping names to local nomenclature and identifiers), removing taxa with less than 250 observations, and spatial aggregation to match a 50 km UTM grid. As GBIF data was found to be spatially biased, we overlayed both datasets using a bootstrapping approach (Sparrius et al. 2018a, Sparrius et al. 2018b). This resulted in a temperature indicator for thousands of plant species called the Species Temperature Index (STI).
The second step is to create a map that combines spatial distribution of flora with the temperature indices. The distribution of all vascular plants in the Netherlands was extracted as a 1x1 km grid from the National Database Flora en Fauna (NDFF 2017, 22M observations). The mean community STI, or Community Temperature Index (CTI), was then calculated for all species occurring in each grid cell. The result is a map showing the temperature as indicated by the flora.
On the map several patterns are visible which can be statistically explained by the the average temperature in the country, urban heat islands, and influx of southern species along rivers (Fig. 1).