bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(3, 4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) as Promising Energy Storage Materials in Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Tianyun , Wu Jiaojiao , Ran Fen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBenefiting from the advantages of high conductivity and good electrochemical stability, the conjugated conducting polymer poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) is a promising energy storage material in zinc‐ion batteries. Zinc‐ion batteries have the advantages of high safety, environmental friendliness, and low cost, but suffer from unstable cathode material structure, poor electrical conductivity, and uncontrollable dendritic growth of zinc anodes. PEDOT, with its fast electrochemical response and wide potential window, is expected to make up for the shortcomings and enhance capacity and cycle life of zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, in this review different polymerization methods of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) as well as their structure and properties are summarized; the progress in doping strategies related to the increasing conductivity and dispersivity of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) materials is discussed; specific applications of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐based materials in anode, cathode, electrolyte, and binder of zinc‐ion batteries are explored; and the representative advancements for improving the electrochemical performance of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) in zinc‐ion batteries are emphasized. Finally, the current challenges of poly (3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) as promising materials in zinc‐ion batteries and an insight into their future research directions are pointed out.
Combined Assessment of Function and Survival to Demonstrate the Effect of Treatment on Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Germani Massimiliano , Rebollo Mesa Irene , Buchanan Tim J. , De Bruyn Steven , Gasalla Teresa , Van Tricht Hans Lieve G. , Ewen Colin , Golbe Lawrence I. , Boxer Adam , Höglinger Günter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder for which there are currently no disease‐modifying treatments. Recent trials of potential therapies had durations of 12 months, which may be insufficient because of nonrandom missingness due to death. Longer durations, incorporating PSP Rating Scale and survival, can reduce the potential for type II error. Selecting efficacy measures more sensitive to disease modification may facilitate identification of treatment effect.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the simulated phase 3 PSP trial assessing the effect of disease‐modifying intervention on a novel combined primary endpoint comprising function (PSP Rating Scale) and survival, the Combined Assessment of Function and Survival (CAFS), and to determine operating characteristics of the CAFS.MethodsTo simulate PSP progression in the trial population, we developed models of PSP Rating Scale and survival using data from published clinical studies. These models were used to define operating characteristics of the CAFS for use in a phase 3 trial.ResultsThe sample size determined (N = 384; 1:1 randomization) would provide >80% power to detect significant treatment effects on the CAFS compared with placebo. The CAFS provides good operating characteristics and increased power to detect moderate treatment effects on the PSP Rating Scale. We propose a trial design allowing potential detection of treatment effects at a preplanned interim analysis after participants complete 12 months of treatment, with assessment of effects of treatment (≤24 months) on survival.ConclusionsUse of the CAFS could provide a comprehensive and robust estimate of the clinical benefit of future therapies. © 2024 UCB. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A Homoplasmic MT‐TV Mutation Associated with Mitochondrial Inheritance of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Authors: Shi Yan , Xie Junhao , Jiang Junyi , Yan Xinyu , Chen Xuejiao , Hong Shunyan , Liu Jiyuan , Xu Guorong , Su Huizhen , Chen Wanjin , Wang Ning , Lin Xiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is characterized by progressive lower limb weakness and spasticity, with unknown genetic cause in many cases.ObjectivesTo identify novel genetic causes of HSP.MethodsPhenotypic characterization, genetic screening, transcriptome sequencing, and peroneal nerve biopsy were conducted in a Chinese HSP family.ResultsWe found a homoplasmic MT‐TV (mitochondrial tRNAVal) mutation, m.1661A > G, present in all affected individuals across four generations of a family with complex HSP. Fourth‐generation affected individuals displayed earlier onset, likely due to presumptive anticipation, and greater symptom severity, potentially caused by decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number. Upregulation of mitochondrial autophagy genes in these patients suggested that MT‐TV mutations could lead to reduced mtDNA copy number. Neural biopsies revealed ultrastructural abnormalities in myelin and mitochondria.ConclusionsThe rare MT‐TV m.1661A > G mutation is associated with HSP. Variations in mtDNA copy number may play a causal role in differences among clinical phenotypes. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The Association Between Urinary Incontinence With Pelvic Pain and Sensory‐Motor Function in Older Women With Stroke
Authors: Özden Fatih , Golcuk Yalcin , Karaman Özgür Nadiye , Özkeskin Mehmet 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe study aimed to investigate the association between urinary incontinence (UI) severity, pelvic pain, and sensory‐motor function in older women with stroke.MethodsA cross‐sectional prospective study was carried out with 102 older women individuals with stroke. Barthel Index (BI), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form (IIQ‐7), Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6), Pelvic Pain Impact Questionnaire (PPIQ), Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SASS), and Somatic Sensitivity Scale (SeSS) were used for clinical measurements.ResultsPartial correlational analyses with age, stroke duration, and BMI as covariates revealed a moderate positive correlation between SASS and IIQ‐7 (r = 0.315, p < 0.001) and UDI‐6 (r = 0.376, p < 0.001). On the other hand, there was a strong positive correlation between SASS and PPIQ (r = 0.522, p < 0.001). SeSS had a low positive correlation with IIQ‐7 (r = 0.198, p < 0.05) and UDI‐6 (r = 0.203, p < 0.05). In addition, there was a positive and moderate correlation between SeSS and PPIQ (r = 0.384, p < 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed causality of SASS (R2 = 0.381, p < 0.001) and SeSS (R2 = 0.167, p < 0.001) with PPIQ.ConclusionsIncreased abnormal sensory sensitivity is associated with increased pelvic pain levels in women with stroke. Clinicians should consider sensory abnormalities, especially pain, within the scope of UI in women with stroke. Our results provide preliminary essential data for sensory and pain awareness during pelvic rehabilitation in stroke patients.
Comparing A‐mode ultrasound and computed tomography for assessing cancer‐related sarcopenia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sousa Iasmin M. , Pereira Jarson P. da Costa , Rüegg Rodrigo A. B. , Calado Guilherme C. F. , Xavier Jadson G. , Bennemann Nithaela A. , do Nascimento Maria K. , Fayh Ana P. T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundA‐mode ultrasound (US) is a potential method for directly measuring muscle thickness in patients with cancer, but its utility remains underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using A‐mode US to assess muscle thickness, compare it with computed tomography (CT)–derived results, and assess its ability to diagnose sarcopenia.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was conducted with hospitalized patients with cancer. Muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) was derived from CT scans. Biceps muscle thickness (BMT) and thigh muscle thickness (TMT) by A‐mode US were assessed. BMT + TMT were also combined as an additional phenotype. Muscle strength was assessed using handgrip strength (HGS) test. Sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass (CT‐ and US‐derived) + low HGS.ResultsWe included 120 patients (53.3% women, 45% older adults, and 85.8% with disease stages III–IV). TMT alone and the combined approach (BMT + TMT) were weak and positively correlated and significantly associated with muscle CSA, explaining 35% of CSA variability (R2 = 0.35). TMT individual and combined with BMT exhibited the highest accuracy for men (area under the curve >0.70). Sarcopenia diagnosed by BMT + TMT exhibited the highest frequency (34%) and moderate agreement with CT‐derived sarcopenia (κ = 0.48).ConclusionA‐mode US has the potential to be a feasible tool for diagnosing sarcopenia in clinical practice at the bedside for patients with cancer despite the need for further improvements in the tool's accuracy. Our main findings suggest that combining measurements of BMT and TMT may enhance its clinical significance in diagnosing sarcopenia.
Macrocycle Unidirectional Transport Along a Linear Molecule by a Two‐Step Chemical Reaction Sequence
Authors: Catalán Aldo C. , Peña‐Zarate Lucio , Cervantes Ruy , Vela Alberto , Tiburcio Jorge 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChemical systems displaying directional motions are relevant to the operation of artificial molecular machines. Herein we present the functioning of a molecule capable of transporting a cyclic species in a preferential direction. Our system is based on a linear, non‐symmetric, positively charged molecule. This cation integrates into its structure two different reactive regions. On one side features a bulky ester group that can be exchanged by a smaller substituent; the other extreme contains an acid/base responsive moiety that plays a dual role, as part of the recognition motif and as a terminal group. In the acidic state, a dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 ether slides into the linear component attracted by the positively charged recognition site. It does this selectively through the extreme that contains the azepanium group, since the other side is sterically hindered. After base addition, intermolecular interactions are lost; however, the macrocycle is unable to escape from the linear component since the energy barrier to slide over the neutral azepane is too large. Therefore, a metastable mechanically interlocked molecule is formed. A second reaction, now on the ester functionality, exchanges the bulky mesityl for a methyl group, small enough to allow macrocycle dissociation, completing the directional transit of the ring along the track.
The association between cyber victimization and social anxiety: A three‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Siting , Zhang Qi , Ran Guangming , Zhang Qiongzhi , Ren Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCyber victimization is a growing global concern, impacting both the physical and mental well‐being of individuals. Some empirical studies have declared that cyber victimization is considered as an important factor in the emergence of symptoms of social anxiety. Whereas other studies still show inconsistency regarding the relationship. According to the PRISMA method, the present study used a three‐level meta‐analysis to obtain reliable estimates of effect sizes and examined a range of moderators. Based on 43 studies, a total of 115 effect sizes and 41,313 participants were retrieved through systematic literature searches. The meta‐analysis revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between cyber victimization and social anxiety. Furthermore, significant moderating effects were found in the study. The correlation is stronger between cyber victimization and social anxiety in children compared to adolescents. Additionally, victims exhibited heightened fear of negative evaluation from peers (FNE) among significant social anxiety variables. Notably, effect sizes were significantly larger when social anxiety was assessed using the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SASA), as opposed to the Social Anxiety Scale for Children‐Revised (SASC‐R). The current findings contribute to a deeper understanding and underscore the importance of personalized interventions aimed at mitigating cyber victimization and preventing social anxiety.
Kinetic, Spectral and Mechanistic Regularities of New Reaction Systems With Chromogenic SN2‐Type Reaction for Detection of Epoxy Compounds
Authors: Charyarov Anton , Bakhtin Stanislav 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNew reaction systems “oxirane – nucleophile X– – proton‐donor reagent AH – solvent” have been proposed for the detection of epoxides in which nucleophilic opening of the oxirane ring occurs accompanied by the formation of a colored product. The kinetic and mechanistic regularities of reactions in the proposed systems were investigated. Reaction orders with respect to the components of the systems have been determined: close to 1 – for oxirane and X−, close to 0 – for AH. It was shown that the proposed chromogenic reactions represent nucleophilic substitution of SN2‐type and allow the detection of epoxides containing both a terminal and internal epoxy group, which can be used to monitor processes in systems where epoxides are either the initial compounds or the synthesis products. Based on the conducted studies, it is possible to develop methods for the quantitative determination of epoxides using kinetic methods of analysis and UV–visible spectroscopy.
Tethered heme domains in a triheme cytochrome allow for increased electron transport distances
Authors: Nash Benjamin W. , Fernandes Tomás M. , Burton Joshua A. J. , Morgado Leonor , van Wonderen Jessica H. , Svistunenko Dimitri A. , Edwards Marcus J. , Salgueiro Carlos A. , Butt Julea N. , Clarke Thomas A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDecades of research describe myriad redox enzymes that contain cofactors arranged in tightly packed chains facilitating rapid and controlled intra‐protein electron transfer. Many such enzymes participate in extracellular electron transfer (EET), a process which allows microorganisms to conserve energy in anoxic environments by exploiting mineral oxides and other extracellular substrates as terminal electron acceptors. In this work, we describe the properties of the triheme cytochrome PgcA from Geobacter sulfurreducens. PgcA has been shown to play an important role in EET but is unusual in containing three CXXCH heme binding motifs that are separated by repeated (PT)x motifs, suggested to enhance binding to mineral surfaces. Using a combination of structural, electrochemical, and biophysical techniques, we experimentally demonstrate that PgcA adopts numerous conformations stretching as far as 180 Å between the ends of domains I and III, without a tightly packed cofactor chain. Furthermore, we demonstrate a distinct role for its domain III as a mineral reductase that is recharged by domains I and II. These findings show PgcA to be the first of a new class of electron transfer proteins, with redox centers separated by some nanometers but tethered together by flexible linkers, facilitating electron transfer through a tethered diffusion mechanism rather than a fixed, closely packed electron transfer chain.
The V410L kdr allele in the VGSC confers higher levels of field resistance to permethrin in urban mosquito populations of Aedes aegypti (L.)
Authors: Hernandez Jonathan R , Lee Han‐Jung , Vigilant Maximea E , Crawford Scott , Pietrantonio Patricia V 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDFemales of Aedes aegypti transmit emerging arboviruses including Zika, dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. Control of these adult mosquitoes heavily relies on synthetic insecticides, including pyrethroids. However, insecticide resistance development in populations poses a significant challenge to vector control, particularly from knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (VGSC), the target of pyrethroids. This study investigated the field efficacy of Permanone, a pyrethroid‐based insecticide, against Ae. aegypti by assessing the impact of three common kdr mutations (V410L, V1016I, F1534C) on mosquito survival under a real operational mosquito control scenario, by quantifying the pesticide delivered in the field.RESULTSField cage tests (FCTs) were conducted while conducting a realistic mosquito control application. Female mosquitoes from six operational areas from Harris County, TX, USA were exposed to Permanone delivered with a handheld sprayer. Permanone deposited near the cages was estimated from aluminum boats placed in the field during FCTs using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Mortality rates were recorded, and individual mosquitoes were genotyped for kdr mutations. A probit regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing mosquito survivorship. As the distance from the application source route increased, the amount of Permanone deposited decreased, resulting in higher survivorship frequency of Ae. aegypti females with the triple‐resistant kdr genotype (LL/II/CC). The L allele at the 410‐site significantly contributed to an increased resistance level when co‐occurring with other kdr mutations.CONCLUSIONThis study linked the survival probabilities of mosquitoes with different kdr genotypes, and the amount of pesticide they received in the field. Pesticide quantification, control efficacy results and genotyping allowed us to empirically determine the impact of genotypic resistance on vector control in the field. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluating Ecosystem Services Incorporation in River Policy: A Multidimensional Framework Applied to China's River Chief System
Authors: Liu Yarui , Xue Xinghua , Gilvear David J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study develops a comprehensive evaluation framework to assess the incorporation of river ecosystem services (ESs) into policy content, focusing on China's River Chief System (RCS) policy. The framework introduces a quantitative tool that bridges the gap between policy formulation evaluation and policy effect evaluation by integrating a hierarchical indicator system, reference values, and a method for quantifying ES incorporation. Key findings from 32 province‐level RCS policy documents revealed selective incorporation of certain ES indicators, significant mismatches between policy focus and the typical structure of river ESs, and notable regional disparities. Provisioning services (i.e., water supply) and regulating services (i.e., pollution mitigation) are prioritized, while critical regulating services (e.g., flood mitigation and habitat maintenance) and cultural services (e.g., education and science) are underrepresented. Stakeholder and relationship indicators are limited, primarily focusing on managers and spatial relationships, while the value of river ESs is largely ignored. Policy optimization should emphasize expanding the coverage of ESs, incorporating broader stakeholder involvement, and integrating financial incentives. Drawing on international river policies, policymakers could create a more flexible and adaptive river governance structure. While the study offers a quantitative framework for policy evaluation, it acknowledges limitations, including reliance on textual data and potential biases in the reference values. Future research should include stakeholder perspectives and dynamically adjust reference values as new data become available.
2D versus 3D‐Like Electrical Behavior of MXene Thin Films: Insights from Weak Localization in the Role of Thickness, Interflake Coupling and Defects
Authors: Tangui Sophia , Hurand Simon , Aljasmi Rashed , Benmoumen Ayoub , David Marie‐Laure , Moreau Philippe , Morisset Sophie , Célérier Stéphane , Mauchamp Vincent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMXenes stand out from other 2D materials because they combine very good electrical conductivity with hydrophilicity, allowing cost‐effective processing as thin films. Therefore, there is a high fundamental interest in unraveling the electronic transport mechanisms at stake in multilayers of the most conducting MXene, Ti3C2Tx. Although weak localization (WL) has been proposed as the dominating low‐temperature (LT) transport mechanism in Ti3C2Tx thin films, there have been few attempts to model it quantitatively. In this work, the role of important structural parameters – thickness, interflake coupling, defects – on the dimensionality of the LT transport mechanisms in spin‐coated Ti3C2Tx thin films is investigated through LT and magnetic field dependent resistivity measurements. A dimensional crossover from 2D to 3D WL is clearly evidenced when the film thickness exceeds the dephasing length lϕ, estimated here in the 50–100 nm range. 2D WL can be restored by weakening the coupling between adjacent flakes, the intrinsic thickness of which is lower than lϕ, hence acting as parallel 2D conductors. Alternatively, lϕ can be reduced down to the 10 nm range by defects. These results clearly emphasize the ability of WL quantitative study to give deep insights in the physics of electron transport in MXene thin films.
Squeezable Hydrogel Microparticles for Single Extracellular Vesicle Protein Profiling
Authors: Roh Yoon Ho , Morales Renee‐Tyler T. , Huynh Emily , Chintapula Uday , Reynolds David E. , Agosto‐Nieves Renis J. , Oh Daniel , Seiner Akari J. , Lim Jianhua , Rodell Christopher B. , Ko Jina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising for molecular diagnostics, but current analyses are limited by the rarity and compositional heterogeneity of EV protein expression. Therefore, single EV profiling methods require high sensitivity, multiplexing, and throughput to address these issues. Here a single EV analysis technique that utilizes squeezable methacrylated hyaluronic acid hydrogel microparticles (MHPs) is described as a scaffold to immobilize EVs and perform an integrated rolling circle amplification (RCA) assay for an ultra‐sensitive and multiplex analysis of single EV proteins. EVs are prepared into MHPs in a high‐throughput manner with droplet microfluidics and optimally labeled with antibody‐oligonucleotide conjugates in MHPs without steric limitations. By designing MHPs with high compressibility, single EV protein signals are amplified as RCA products that can be aligned on the same plane by physically squeezing MHPs and visualized with low magnification. This method provides a simple and scalable single EV imaging analysis pipeline for identifying multiplex marker expression patterns from single EVs. For validation, the single EV heterogeneity of highly expressed cancer cell markers is profiled across different cancer cell lines. These findings exemplify squeezable MHPs as a robust platform with high sensitivity, multiplexing, and scalability for resolving single EV heterogeneity and advancing molecular assay technologies.
Collaborating with external partners for student success at small institutions
Authors: Shaw Jen Day , Carney‐Hall Karla 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmall institutions must be agile and creative in successfully sustaining and expanding in today's higher education climate. Collaborating with external partners is an excellent choice for small institutions whose funding and staffing are limited. Our intention with this article is to focus on collaboration with external partners including parents/family, alumni, businesses, and others, sharing best practices, impact on student success, and additional information to help a wide variety of colleagues who work at small institutions. Our hope is that this article will give readers some practical ideas for implementing and expanding partnerships to benefit the small institution. Benefits may include marketing reach, brand management, revenue generation, and expanded opportunities for students, enhanced services, and more.