bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness availability of Individual Quick Freezing (IQF) using Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) analysis at PT. X, Karawang-West Java
Authors: Wiranata R , Asriani  , Dharmayanti N , Supenti L 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
There are 11 processing factories producing pangasius frozen fillets in Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. PT. X is a fisheries processing company engaged in catfish fillet freezing in Indonesia, identified problems with the effectiveness of the individual quick freezing due to machinery that suddenly stopped, decreased the speed of production, length of preparation time and arrangement. The problems cause loss, reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of the operation. This study aimed to investigate three steps needed to prevent and overcome the problem: availability, performance and quality. The data obtained from the observations determined an availability of 82.34%, performance of 75.21% and quality of 99.94%, with an overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) value of 60.43%. This study show that if availability values can be increased to 100%, it can save the company electricity costs by 329,611.37 IDR per day. The data show that the value of the OEE engine can still be increased to 85% or more. The results suggest that the matters should be addressed are increasing the coordination of the employees and creating a standard operating procedure (SOP) in the freezing stage 1 and 2 to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the machine.
The use of portable fish aggregating devices for pelagic fish in Sunda Strait Water, Indonesia
Authors: Yusfiandayani R , Nurilmala M , Nurjanah  , Abdullah A , Sondita M F A , Simanjuntak C P H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Portable FADs is a transformation of the conventional FADs which uses the concept of fish responses related to the use of sound frequencies. Portable FADs is a new innovation auxiliary gear in pelagic fishing. The aims of this study are to know the prototype of portable FAD, to know dominant fish compositions of the catches around portable FADs and to analyze total buoyant and sinking force of portable FADs. The study was conducted in laboratory and field experiment in Sunda strait waters. Data analysis were performed by using buoyancy force and sinking force analysis of portable FADs and the composition of the catch. The prototype of portable FADs was made from fiber with dimensions L x W x H = 63 x 43 x 25 cm. The composition of the dominant fish around portable FADs are 83 tails of Rastrelliger sp., 57 tails of Istiophorus platypterus and 51 tails of Euthynnus affinis. Portable FAD has total buoyancy and sinking force of portable FADs are 192.888,2 GS and GS 179.538,19.
Suicide Risk Among US Peacekeepers Serving in the Bosnia and Kosovo Theater, 1996–2002
Authors: Bullman Tim , Schneiderman Aaron 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The risk of suicide among US military personnel deployed for peacekeeping missions is unknown. We compared the risk of suicide through December 2014 among 70,608 veterans who deployed as peacekeepers to Bosnia and Kosovo between 1996 and 2002 with that of 141,715 veterans who served in the military between 1996 and 2002 but were not deployed to Bosnia and Kosovo. Both cohorts also were compared after removing those who had other conflict deployments. Suicide risk among Bosnia- and Kosovo-deployed veterans (BKDVs) relative to non-BKDVs was assessed using a hazard ratio. Among all veterans, without excluding those with other conflict deployments, deployment to Bosnia and Kosovo was not associated with an increased risk of suicide (hazard ratio = 0.83, 95%, confidence interval: 0.72, 0.96). Removing those with other conflict deployments, BKDVs again had a decreased risk of suicide compared to non-BKDVs (hazard ratio = 0.84, 95% confidence interval: 0.72, 0.99). The rates of suicide among all 4 groups were higher than expected based on the US population. The risk of suicide based on US population comparison was greater among non-BKDVs than BKDVs. The absence of an increased risk of suicide associated with Bosnia and Kosovo deployment may be due to predeployment psychological and behavioral characteristics that affect fitness for deployment.
Estimating latent group structure in time-varying coefficient panel data models
Authors: Chen Jia 
Published: May 2019

Summary
This paper studies the estimation of latent group structures in heterogeneous time-varying coefficient panel data models. While allowing the coefficient functions to vary over cross-sections provides a good way to model cross-sectional heterogeneity, it reduces the degree of freedom and leads to poor estimation accuracy when the time-series length is short. On the other hand, in a lot of empirical studies, it is not uncommon to find that heterogeneous coefficients exhibit group structures where coefficients belonging to the same group are similar or identical. This paper aims to provide an easy and straightforward approach for estimating the underlying latent groups. This approach is based on the hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) of kernel estimates of the heterogeneous time-varying coefficients when the number of groups is known. We establish the consistency of this clustering method and also propose a generalised information criterion for estimating the number of groups when it is unknown. Simulation studies are carried out to examine the finite-sample properties of the proposed clustering method as well as the post-clustering estimation of the group-specific time-varying coefficients. The simulation results show that our methods give comparable performance to the penalised-sieve-estimation-based classifier-LASSO approach by Su et al. (2018), but are computationally easier. An application to a panel study of economic growth is also provided.
Family screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Is it time to change practice guidelines?
Authors: Lafreniere-Roula Myriam , Bolkier Yoav , Zahavich Laura , Mathew Jacob , George Kristen , Wilson Judith , Stephenson Elizabeth A , Benson Leland N , Manlhiot Cedric , Mital Seema 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
Current guidelines recommend initiating family screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) after age 10 or 12 years unless early screening criteria are met. The aim was to evaluate if current screening guidelines miss early onset disease.

Methods and results
Children who underwent family screening for HCM before age 18 years were analysed. Major cardiac events (MaCEs) were defined as death, sudden cardiac death (SCD), or need for major cardiac interventions (myectomy, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator insertion, transplantation). Of 524 children screened, 331 were under 10 years of age, 9.9% had echocardiographic evidence of HCM, and 1.1% were symptomatic at first screening. The median (interquartile range) age at HCM onset was 8.9 (4.7–13.4) years, and at MaCE was 10.9 (8.5–14.3) years with a median time to MaCE from HCM onset of 1.5 (0.5–4.1) years. About 52.5% phenotype-positive children and 41% with MaCEs were &lt;10 years old. Only 69% children with early HCM met early screening criteria. Cox regression identified male gender, family history of SCD, and pathogenic variants in MYH7/MYBPC3 as a predictor of early onset HCM and MaCEs.

Conclusion
A third of children not eligible for early screening by current guidelines had phenotype-positive HCM. MYH7 and MYBC3 mutation-positive patients were at highest risk for developing early HCM and experiencing an event or requiring a major intervention. Our findings suggest that younger family members should be considered for early clinical and genetic screening to identify the subset in need of closer monitoring and interventions.
Viral degradation of marine bacterial exopolysaccharides
Authors: Lelchat F , Mocaer P Y , Ojima T , Michel G , Sarthou G , Bucciarelli E , Cérantola S , Colliec-Jouault S , Boisset C , Baudoux A-C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe identification of the mechanisms by which marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is produced and regenerated is critical to develop robust prediction of ocean carbon cycling. Polysaccharides represent one of the main constituents of marine DOM and their degradation is mainly attributed to polysaccharidases derived from bacteria. Here, we report that marine viruses can depolymerize the exopolysaccharides (EPS) excreted by their hosts using five bacteriophages that infect the notable EPS producer, Cobetia marina DSMZ 4741. Degradation monitorings as assessed by gel electrophoresis and size exclusion chromatography showed that four out of five phages carry structural enzymes that depolymerize purified solution of Cobetia marina EPS. The depolymerization patterns suggest that these putative polysaccharidases are constitutive, endo-acting and functionally diverse. Viral adsorption kinetics indicate that the presence of these enzymes provides a significant advantage for phages to adsorb onto their hosts upon intense EPS production conditions. The experimental demonstration that marine phages can display polysaccharidases active on bacterial EPS lead us to question whether viruses could also contribute to the degradation of marine DOM and modify its bioavailability. Considering the prominence of phages in the ocean, such studies may unveil an important microbial process that affects the marine carbon cycle.
OxiR specifically responds to isoniazid and regulates isoniazid susceptibility in mycobacteria
Authors: Yang Min , Zhang Li , Tao Hui-Ling , Sun Yuan-Chao , Lou Zhong-Zi , Jia Wan-Zhong , Hu Li-Hua , Gao Chun-Hui 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The bacteria drug resistance is not only associated with the gain of drug resistance gene but also relied on the adaptation of bacterial cells to antibiotics by transcriptional regulation. However, only a few transcription factors that regulate drug resistance have been characterized in mycobacteria. In this study, a TetR family transcriptional factor (OxiR), encoded by Rv0067c in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was found to be an isoniazid (INH) resistance regulator. Comparing with the wild-type strain, the oxiR overexpressing strain is four times resistant to INH, whereas the oxiR knockout strain is eight times sensitive to INH. However, the rifamycin and ethambutol resistance were not influenced by oxiR. OxiR can bind to self-promoter at a 66 bp imperfect palindromic motifs. Interestingly, OxiR directly binds to INH, and thereby alleviate the self-repression. Furthermore, OxiR negatively regulated an oxidoreductase encoded by Rv0068. And the susceptibility of the Rv0068-overexpressing and oxiR knockout strains to all the three above-mentioned anti-tuberculosis drugs was equivalent, suggesting that the effect of oxiR to INH susceptibility is attributed to the derepression of Rv0068. In conclusion, we showed that OxiR can specifically modulate INH susceptibility by regulating an oxidoreductase encoding gene, both of which have not been associated with drug-resistance previously.
Tectorigenin reduces type IV pilus-dependent cell adherence in Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Liu Shui , Wang Jianfeng , Zhang Jian , Wang Tingting , Zhou Yonglin , Lv Qianghua , Hu Naiyu , Shen Xue , Deng Xuming 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that causes a range of diseases in humans and animals around the globe. The type IV pilus (TFP) system plays a key role in the colonization and invasion of host cells, biofilm formation and gliding motility, which is vital for C. perfringens infection. Therefore, targeting TFP function may be a promising strategy for the treatment of C. perfringens infection. Here, we investigated the potential inhibitory effects of tectorigenin (TE), an isoflavone extracted from the rhizome of the Chinese herb Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC, on gliding motility, biofilm formation, adherence to cells and antibacterial activity of C. perfringens. Tectorigenin significantly inhibited gliding motility, biofilm formation and adherence to Caco-2 cells without observable antibacterial activity against C. perfringens. In addition, we also demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of TE on TFP function appears to be partially achieved by the suppression of TFP-associated genes. These findings demonstrate that TE may have the potential to be developed as a new anti-virulence drug for C. perfringens infection, particularly for the targeting of TFP.
Hierarchical Development of Frailty and Cognitive Impairment: Clues Into Etiological Pathways
Authors: Chu Nadia M , Bandeen-Roche Karen , Tian Jing , Kasper Judith D , Gross Alden L , Carlson Michelle C , Xue Qian-Li 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Frailty and cognitive impairment (CI) are associated and often coexist in older adults. Whether temporal patterns of occurrence reflect different etiologies remain unknown.

Methods
Participants from the National Health and Aging Trends Study were assessed annually (2011–2016) for frailty (Fried’s criteria) and CI (bottom quintile of clock drawing test or immediate and delayed recall; proxy-report of dementia diagnosis or AD8 ≥ 2). We used the Fine & Gray model to identify correlates of frailty onset before CI, CI onset before frailty, and frailty-CI co-occurrence, accounting for death as a competing risk.

Results
Of 3,848 free of frailty, CI, and dementia at baseline, 2,183 (61.2%) developed neither frailty nor CI during the 5-year follow-up; 343 (8.3%) developed frailty first; 1,014 (24.4%) developed CI first; and 308 (6.0%) developed frailty-CI co-occurrence. Incident dementia, as a marker of underlying neuropathologies, was associated with greater likelihood of CI onset first (subdistribution hazard ratios [SHR] = 2.60, 95% confidence interval [ci] 2.09 to 3.24), and frailty-CI co-occurrence (SHR = 8.77, 95% ci 5.79 to 13.28), but lower likelihood of frailty onset first (SHR = 0.38, 95% ci 0.21 to 0.68). Number of comorbidities was only associated with frailty occurrence first (1 comorbidity: SHR = 2.51, 95% ci 1.15 to 5.47; 4+ comorbidities: SHR = 6.48, 95% ci 2.78 to 15.48).

Conclusions
Different patterns of frailty and CI occurrence exist, and dementia-related pathologies and comorbidities may be important correlates of order of emergence, potentially reflecting different etiologies. Future investigation into relationships between these patterns and dementia subtypes and related pathologies is needed to elucidate etiologic pathways and to provide new targets for prevention, intervention, and risk screening.
Healthy urban planning: an institutional policy analysis of strategic planning in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Harris Patrick , Kent Jennifer , Sainsbury Peter , Riley Emily , Sharma Nila , Harris Elizabeth 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Rapid urbanization requires health promotion practitioners to understand and engage with strategic city planning. This policy analysis research investigated how and why health was taken up into strategic land use planning in Sydney, Australia, between 2013 and 2018. This qualitative study develops two case studies of consecutive instances of strategic planning in Sydney. Data collection was done via in-depth stakeholder interviews (n = 11) and documentary analysis. Data collection and analysis revolved around core categories underpinning policy institutions (actors, structures, ideas, governance and power) to develop an explanatory narrative of the progress of ‘health’ in policy discourse over the study period. The two strategic planning efforts shifted in policy discourse. In the earlier plan, ‘healthy built environments’ was positioned as a strategic direction, but without a mandate for action the emphasis was lost in an economic growth agenda. The second effort shifted that agenda to ecological sustainability, a core aspect of which was ‘Liveability’, having greater potential for health promotion. However, ‘health’ remained underdeveloped as a core driver for city planning remaining without an institutional mandate. Instead, infrastructure coordination was the defining strategic city problem and this paradigm defaulted to emphasizing ‘health precincts’ rather than positioning health as core for the city. This research demonstrates the utility in institutional analysis to understanding positioning health promotion in city planning. Despite potential shifts in policy discourse and a more sophisticated approach to planning holistically, the challenge remains of embedding health within the institutional mandates driving city planning.
What Does Tolerance Mean for Animal Disease Dynamics When Pathology Enhances Transmission?
Authors: Henschen Amberleigh E , Adelman James S 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Host competence, or how well an individual transmits pathogens, varies substantially within and among animal populations. As this variation can alter the course of epidemics and epizootics, revealing its underlying causes will help predict and control the spread of disease. One host trait that could drive heterogeneity in competence is host tolerance, which minimizes fitness losses during infection without decreasing pathogen load. In many cases, tolerance should increase competence by extending infectious periods and enabling behaviors that facilitate contact among hosts. However, we argue that the links between tolerance and competence are more varied. Specifically, the different physiological and behavioral mechanisms by which hosts achieve tolerance should have a range of effects on competence, enhancing the ability to transmit pathogens in some circumstances and impeding it in others. Because tissue-based pathology (damage) that reduces host fitness is often critical for pathogen transmission, we focus on two mechanisms that can underlie tolerance at the tissue level: damage-avoidance and damage-repair. As damage-avoidance reduces transmission-enhancing pathology, this mechanism is likely to decrease host competence and pathogen transmission. In contrast, damage-repair does not prevent transmission-relevant pathology from occurring. Rather, damage-repair provides new, healthy tissues that pathogens can exploit, likely extending the infectious period and increasing host competence. We explore these concepts through graphical models and present three disease systems in which damage-avoidance and damage-repair alter host competence in the predicted directions. Finally, we suggest that by incorporating these links, future theoretical studies could provide new insights into infectious disease dynamics and host–pathogen coevolution.
The Evolutionary Dynamics of Mechanically Complex Systems
Authors: Muñoz Martha M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnimals use a diverse array of motion to feed, escape predators, and reproduce. Linking morphology, performance, and fitness is a foundational paradigm in organismal biology and evolution. Yet, the influence of mechanical relationships on evolutionary diversity remains unresolved. Here, I focus on the many-to-one mapping of form to function, a widespread, emergent property of many mechanical systems in nature, and discuss how mechanical redundancy influences the tempo and mode of phenotypic evolution. By supplying many possible morphological pathways for functional adaptation, many-to-one mapping can release morphology from selection on performance. Consequently, many-to-one mapping decouples morphological and functional diversification. In fish, for example, parallel morphological evolution is weaker for traits that contribute to mechanically redundant motions, like suction feeding performance, than for systems with one-to-one form–function relationships, like lower jaw lever ratios. As mechanical complexity increases, historical factors play a stronger role in shaping evolutionary trajectories. Many-to-one mapping, however, does not always result in equal freedom of morphological evolution. The kinematics of complex systems can often be reduced to variation in a few traits of high mechanical effect. In various different four-bar linkage systems, for example, mechanical output (kinematic transmission) is highly sensitive to size variation in one or two links, and insensitive to variation in the others. In four-bar linkage systems, faster rates of evolution are biased to traits of high mechanical effect. Mechanical sensitivity also results in stronger parallel evolution—evolutionary transitions in mechanical output are coupled with transition in linkages of high mechanical effect. In other words, the evolutionary dynamics of complex systems can actually approximate that of simpler, one-to-one systems when mechanical sensitivity is strong. When examined in a macroevolutionary framework, the same mechanical system may experience distinct selective pressures in different groups of organisms. For example, performance tradeoffs are stronger for organisms that use the same mechanical structure for more functions. In general, stronger performance tradeoffs result in less phenotypic diversity in the system and, sometimes, a slower rate of evolution. These macroevolutionary trends can contribute to unevenness in functional and lineage diversity across the tree of life. Finally, I discuss how the evolution of mechanical systems informs our understanding of the relative roles of determinism and contingency in evolution.
Exploring the Role of Insulin Signaling in Relative Growth: A Case Study on Wing-Body Scaling in Lepidoptera
Authors: McKenna Kenneth Z , Tao Della , Nijhout H Frederik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdult forms emerge from the relative growth of the body and its parts. Each appendage and organ has a unique pattern of growth that influences the size and shape it attains. This produces adult size relationships referred to as static allometries, which have received a great amount of attention in evolutionary and developmental biology. However, many questions remain unanswered, for example: What sorts of developmental processes coordinate growth? And how do these processes change given variation in body size? It has become increasingly clear that nutrition is one of the strongest influences on size relationships. In insects, nutrition acts via insulin/TOR signaling to facilitate inter- and intra-specific variation in body size and appendage size. Yet, the mechanism by which insulin signaling influences the scaling of growth remains unclear. Here we will discuss the potential roles of insulin signaling in wing-body scaling in Lepidoptera. We analyzed the growth of wings in animals reared on different diet qualities that induce a range of body sizes not normally present in our laboratory populations. By growing wings in tissue culture, we survey how perturbation and stimulation of insulin/TOR signaling influences wing growth. To conclude, we will discuss the implications of our findings for the development and evolution of organismal form.