bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Principle of Legality in Criminal Act of Terrorism
Authors: Satria Hariman 
Published: February 2018

The trial of Imam Samudera cs uses Perppu No 1 2002 on Combating Criminal Acts ofTerrorism. This regulation was made after Bali bombing 1. So the criminal provisions weremade retroactively. Similarly, in cases of serious human rights violations in East Timor, theperpetrators use retroactive laws. Enforcement of the criminal provisions retroactively alsomade by the ad hoc international criminal court through Nurenberg Trial and Tokyo Trial in1945. Enforcement of the criminal provisions aimed at fulfilling the principle of justice, thatthe convict by violating the principle of legality is not fair but not punishing guilty of seriouscrimes which did not fare much better. Strictly speaking, the principle of legality can crisis. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i2.4959
INDIAN INITIATIVES FOR ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION
Authors: Prabhu D. V. 
Published: February 2018

Society, at large, has to realise the gravity of environmental degradation and participate fully in the mitigation of environmental problems. This article discusses the Indian initiatives and the important milestones in the path of environmental protection and pollution abatement. The commitment of the Indian Government to the cause of public awareness of environmental conservation is reflected in its outreach and educational programmes. It involves ministries, environmental monitoring agencies, NGOs, academic and research institutions.
The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) has played a leading role in the national priority programmes of environmental monitoring, assessment and pollution control. All the stakeholders have succeeded to some extent in creating public interest in environmental issues but much more needs to be done.
National level institutions like NEERI, NIO and TERI are actively involved in research to find feasible solutions to our environmental problems and in the dissemination of relevant information through their publications. In our country, voluntary organisations and NGOs have been contributing immensely to environmental causes.
Following the directive of the Supreme Court in 1991, environmental education is a compulsory component of school and college curricula. India has contributed significantly to the deliberations at COP (Conference of the Parties) fora especially the recently held COP-21 at Paris. Our suggestions for creating a pollution-free world have always been welcomed by the participating countries especially the developing countries.
This article also presents the results of an environmental study carried out in Wilson College, Mumbai in which the effect of salinity on the rate of degradation of effluents released in marine waters, was quantitatively studied using reaction kinetics.
Leadership and the Church: The Impact of Shifting Leadership Constructs
Authors: Gautsch Douglas , Setley David Mathias 
Published: February 2018

<p>The idea of leadership has been examined for millennia. Examples of leadership in action go back to Moses from the Bible and Xenophón from Greek history. One of the key theories in early leadership is that of charismatic leadership. Although most scholars agree that a key concept of charismatic leadership is that of follower attribution, defining boundaries for charismatic is as difficult as defining leadership itself. This difficulty is accentuated in this work because of the shifting organizational structures and follower perceptions. The case details follower attributed charismatic leadership traits, and then provides a robust discussion on the impact of shifting organizational constructs.</p>
The Role of Board Certification as a Cue to Competence of Eye Care Providers: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Maronick Thomas J. 
Published: February 2018

<p>Authors have long known of the need for “cues” to assess the competence and training of providers of credence services. In the case of health care providers such as eye care professionals, one such cue is whether the eye care professional is “board certified.” This study of 500 consumers who had had an eye exam either from an optometrist or an ophthalmologist examines four questions: what factors are important to a consumer seeking an eye-care provider, what is communicated by an eye-care provider’s claim of being board certified, whether there are differences in perception between board certification as applied to an optometrist and an ophthalmologist, and whether there are differences in the perceptions of optometrists who are board certified compared to those who are not board certified. The results show that board certification is an important cue for consumers in assessing the competence and expertise of optometrists and that board certification can be used to distinguish between an optometrist and an ophthalmologist. The results also show that optometrists who are board certified as seen as better trained and more competent than optometrists who are not board certified. The results also raise questions about at the effectiveness of board certification as a cue for competence and expertise since most consumers believe optometrists are board certified when, in fact, board certification is voluntary and a very small percentage of optometrists licensed to practice in any state are actually board certified by either of the major certifying optometric organizations. Policy implications are also discussed, including the need for uniform standards for certification at the Federal and State level and the need for rigorous certification practices by third-party certifying organizations, including additional coursework and periodic assessment of optometrists’ performance to accurately reflect the enhanced quality and competence possessed by optometrists who are board certified.</p>
Investigation of Integrated Reporting As a New Approach of Corporate Reporting
Authors: Erol Ibrahim , Demirel Burcu 
Published: February 2018

<p>When the recent history of financial, social, environmental and ethical reporting is examined, the idea that increasing expectations of shareholders and stakeholders on transparency and accountability can be met by a single report has great importance. Therefore, the integrated reporting issue after the sustainability reports is on the agenda. When we look at the development of integrated reporting and Corporate Reporting (CR), since integrated reporting has complicated theoretical background, organizations have difficulties to understand whether their report is an integrated one. So in this study we try to reveal basic principles, theoretical background and development process of integrated reporting. We look at globally the development of integrated reporting between the years 1999-2015 on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) database and prepared visual tables showing the development of Integrated Reporting (IR) aiming to create positive contribute to CR literature. In the present study; we determine that in 2012 integrated reporting is made the most, large businesses prefer integrated reporting the most, integrated reporting is made in European region the most, and financial services sector is the sector publishing integrated report the most.</p>
Financial Support for Civil Society Organisations in Ghana: A Study of Natural Resources and Environmental Governance
Authors: Kwofie Samuel , Yankey Isaac K. , K. Abledu Godfred 
Published: February 2018

<p>Civil Society Support Funds (CSSFs) are becoming a common mechanism for providing financial support and capacity building to Civil Society groups in most parts of the world. Management of these funds have become a challenge to the donors with options either to channel it through intermediaries or present it themselves. Multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral approaches were adopted and supported largely with other participatory methodologies that combine social, institutional, political and economic parameters in the information collection, collation, analysis and synthesis, and for reporting. It was found out that an independent funding scheme earmarked for the Environmental Natural Resources (ENR) sector is a preferred funding mechanism for the sector. The name ‘Civil Society – Natural Resource and Environmental Fund’ was recommended. This scheme is perceived to be independent of any existing scheme or institution and presents a mechanism for specific targeting of ENR issues and addresses variations in CS capacities. It was concluded that the use of intermediaries for the management of donor pool funding is an effective way of finding balance between the two horns of a dilemma – the DPs or Government donor funds meant for the development of the CS capacity for accountability. </p>
The Moderating Effect of Knowledge Transfer on Satisfaction-Performance Relationship
Authors: Kavak Bahtışen , Ermeç Sertoğlu Ayşegül , Özkan Tektaş Öznur 
Published: February 2018

<p>The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of satisfaction, with its basic antecedents of trust and conflict, on firm performance and to test the moderating effect of dyadic knowledge transfer on the satisfaction and performance relationship. A survey was applied to 193 participants working in medium and small-sized firms, operating in an Organized Industrial Region in Ankara- Turkey. Since measurement items were adapted from different studies, CFA was conducted to test discriminant and convergent validity and the hypothesized paths were tested using LISREL 8.3. The findings reveal that conflict and trust explain 76% of the satisfaction; and satisfaction itself explains 44% of the firm performance. As expected, both trust and conflict are proved to be the two indicators of satisfaction. Besides, we found significantly positive effect of satisfaction on firm performance. According to hierarchical moderated regression analysis results, conducted to test moderating effect of knowledge transfer for the whole sample, the interaction of satisfaction and dyadic knowledge transfer imposed negative, insignificant effect on firm performance, hence, hypothesis (H4) is not supported. Further analysis was conducted by dichotomizing the sample according to knowledge transfer, and research model was tested for each group. The effect of satisfaction on firm performance is found to be significant only when the dyadic knowledge transfer between firms is low, while the effect of is still insignificant when the level of knowledge transfer is high, providing a partial support for H4. </p>
Does the Use of Body Scanners Discriminate Overweight Flight Passengers? The Effect of Body Scanners on Body Image
Authors: Laib Magdalena , Wolkenstein Larissa 
Published: February 2018

<p>Whereas the introduction of body scanners at airports has been accompanied by critical voices raising concerns that body scanners might have a negative impact on different minority groups, it has not been investigated thus far whether they might also have negative impacts on the average flight passenger and if the provision of adequate information might attenuate such negative impacts. Using a pre/post-design the current study examines the effect of a body scan in a controlled laboratory setting on the explicit and implicit body image of normal-weight and overweight people as assessed by questionnaires and an Implicit Association Test. Half of the sample received an information sheet concerning body scanners before they were scanned. While there was a negative impact of the body scan on the implicit body image of overweight participants, there was a positive impact on their explicit body image. The negative effect of the body scan was unaffected by receiving information. This study demonstrates that body scans do not only have negative effects on certain minority groups but potentially on a large proportion of the general public which suggests a critical reconsideration of the control procedures at airports, the training of the airport staff who is in charge of these procedures and the information flight passengers get about these procedures.</p><p> </p>
Natural Resources and FDI in GCC Countries
Authors: Elheddad Mohamed Mahjoub 
Published: February 2018

<p>Natural resources are a blessing for some countries to attract FDI but cursed for others. Existing literature argues the suggestion that resource-rich countries attract less FDI because of resource (oil) price volatility. This study examines that natural resources discourage FDI in GCC countries (the FDI-Natural resources curse hypothesis), using panel data analysis for six oil dependent countries during 1980-2013 and applying several econometrics techniques. The main findings of this paper is that natural resources measured by oil rents have a negative association with FDI inflows; this negative impact is robust even when other FDI determinates of FDI are included. FDI inflows decreased between 0.15 and 0.92% when oil rents increased by 1%. In addition, the empirical results show that trade openness and labour force are the main factors that encourage FDI, while political instability and corruption deter FDI inflows into GCC countries.</p>
Study on Total Quality Management Activities in Taiwan Tourism Factories
Authors: Chung Yi-Chan 
Published: February 2018

<p>As competition becomes increasingly fierce, how to integrate the concept of information technology involvement into total quality management activities and better serve the customers, thus increasing the effectiveness of their services, has become an important focus for many tourism factories in their selection of an appropriate operational strategy. With the tourism factories in Taiwan as the subjects, this study was therefore set out to investigate the impact of operational strategies, information technology involvement and motivation on the executive degree of total quality management (TQM) activities, as well as the correlation between the executive degree of TQM activities and operational performance. This research was conducted from March to April 2016 using 56 effective questionnaires through a questionnaire survey method. According to the research findings, the higher the executive degree of TQM activities was, the more significant a positive impact it would have on operational performance; the execution of differentiation strategies would have a positive impact on the execution of TQM activities; the more a company was involved in information technology, the more significant a positive impact it would have on the execution of TQM activities; the higher the intrinsic motivation was, the more significant a positive impact it would have on the executive degrees of TQM activities. It is therefore advisable for tourism factories to implement TQM activities, adopt differentiation strategies, seek greater information technology involvement and become more strongly motivated toward TQM implementation in order to improve operational performance. </p>
Giorgio Vasari and Niccolò Machiavelli’s Medicean Appetite for Peace and Glory
Authors: Cheney Liana 
Published: February 2018

<p>This study examines the literary and visual connections between war and peace as a cultural diplomacy made by both Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) and Giorgio Vasari (1511-1574). The approach here is iconographical, focusing on three points. First, Machiavelli’s notions of condottiere, virtù, and war and peace in The Art of War (1521) are discussed in relation to Renaissance imagery, particularly in that produced as a result of Medicean patronage. Second, Vasari’s battle cycle in the Salone dei Cinquecento of the Palazzo Vecchio (1555-60) in Florence is examined within the context of peace as revealed in Renaissance art and emblems. Finally, Vasari’s assimilation of Machiavelli’s notions of the art of war are interpreted in relation to the painting cycle, which visually embodies the paradox of war and peace discussed in Machiavelli’s writing. </p>
Study of Ornaments in the Inkulturatif Pangururan Catholic Church in Samosir, North Sumatera
Authors: Sitindjak Ronald Hasudungan Irianto , Wardani Laksmi Kusuma , Thamrin Diana 
Published: February 2018

<p>In the early 1900s, Catholic missionaries arrrived on Batak land in North Sumatera, Indonesia and initiated the process of inculturation, which was subsequently marked by the adaptation of Catholic teachings with the Batak traditional culture. The adaptation involved the liturgy, music and others, inculding the architecture and interior design of their places of worship that continued even to the Modern times. This research aims to discover the meaning behind the ornaments on the exterior and interior of the Inkulturatif Pangururan Catholic Church in Samosir, North Sumatera, as a result of this inculturation process, through Panofsky’s research method known as Iconology. The elements analyzed include the façade, enclosure elements, transitional elements and filling elements. Results show that the ornaments contain various meanings inculturated from Catholic culture having biblical and theological themes incorporated into Batak Toba stylized ornamental forms. This shows that the goodness, truth and beauty of the Catholic faith had honored and adapted their teachings to the local wisdom and culture such that what appears in the implementation of the ornaments is a novel creative beauty and an embodiment of inculturation. </p>
The Problem of Multiplicity of Insurance Contracts from the Fire to the Money of the Insured in the Jordanian Civil Law
Authors: Al Shatanawi Dr. Nabeel Farhan 
Published: February 2018

<p>The insured, in some cases the conclusion of more than a decade of insurance against risk of fire to more than insurance companies, so as to increase the total amount of insurance cover for the value of the money of the insured, what is the extent of commitment by all insurance companies to pay compensation when the risk of fire? This study sheds light on the position of the Jordanian legislature to demonstrate the shortcomings and imperfections in the drawback of legislative texts the issue of multiple insurance contracts from the fire, and realized the need to restore the Jordanian legislature consideration of this legislative regulation in terms of the need to distinguish between the insurer and the good faith and bad faith in the case of multiple insurance contracts and their impact on the right to obtain compensation when the danger, and the provisions of the commitment of the insured to notify the insurance company in multiple insurance contracts. </p><p dir="rtl" align="center"> </p>
The Use of Language Variation in Narrating the Story of Lahilote by Students with Physical Disability at an Exceptional School in Gorontalo City
Authors: Hinta Ellyana 
Published: February 2018

<p>Language is the most important communication tool that has various functions to be used in people’s interaction. It is essentially utilized in every aspect of life in which there will be no good movement without a language. The same language used differently by some people is known as language variation that also takes place at an exceptional school (henceforth called as ES) in Gorontalo City, particularly the students with a physical disability. For that reason, this study aims to describe the use of language variation by the students with a physical disability at ES in Gorontalo City. Sociolinguistics theory about the use of language variation becomes the guideline of this study, and it refers to the speaker’s language variation viewed by (1) lexical choice; (2) sentence; (3) intonation and (4) plot suitability. The result finally shows that the use of language variation by the students with a physical disability is based on the speaker’s lexical choice, sentence arrangement, intonation, and plot suitability.</p><p> </p>
An Evaluation of a Diploma in English Programme: Students' Performance in Industrial Training
Authors: Muhamad Maizatulliza , Jaafar Hasimah , Atan Azizah 
Published: February 2018

<p>Programme evaluation is an essential part of any specific teaching and learning programme. The results of the evaluation, among others, would inform the relevance of the courses offered to the students in relation to their future in the working world This research study was an evaluation conducted to determine the extent to which the structure of a Diploma in English programme prepares students for the working world as well as the extent to which the graduates produced meet the requirements of the industry. The evaluation was carried out by investigating the performance of 69 students undergoing their industrial training. The data were collected through surveys and interviews. In addition to the students, 35 site supervisors were also surveyed and interviewed. The results revealed that the Diploma in English students were prepared for the working world and they had the qualities required by the industry. The results of the study also highlighted some issues on the additional courses needed for the betterment of the programme. Based on the findings of this research study, some changes were introduced in the programme which enforces the significance of the evaluation conducted. </p>
The Status of Nias Language
Authors: Polili Andi Wete , Sinar Tengku Silvana , Widayati Dwi , Adisahputra Abdurrahman 
Published: February 2018

<p>Nias language is one of the local languages used in Indonesia. This Nias language speakers are on the island of Nias in North Sumatra Province. Nias language is part of the proto-Austronesian languages. The use of Nias language is spoken in the area of North Nias, West Nias, and South Nias. The use of this language in the three districts of Nias certainly has a kinship relationship either of similar or different. Definitely the derivation of this Austronesian language, Nias language, is reflected lexically in Nias language which is bequeathed either linearly or innovatively. The lexicostatistics and glotochronology methods were utilized to investigate the kinship relationship of three languages spoken in North Nias, West Nias and South Nias based on Swadesh 200 words. The data collection of the three languages in North, West and South of Nias is obtained from the informant interviews, observation and native informant speech recorded.</p><p> </p><p>Key words: <strong>Nias language</strong><strong>, Proto Austronesia, le</strong><strong>xico</strong><strong>statisti</strong><strong>c</strong><strong>, k</strong><strong>inship.</strong></p>