bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Tropism of Dengue Virus for Human Glycoprotein Ib
Authors: Attatippaholkun Nattapol , Kosaisawe Nont , U-Pratya Yaowalak , Supraditaporn Panthipa , Lorthongpanich Chanchao , Pattanapanyasat Kovit , Issaragrisil Surapol 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSince the hemorrhage in severe dengue seems to be primarily related to the defect of the platelet, the possibility that dengue virus (DENV) is selectively tropic for one of its surface receptors was investigated. Flow cytometric data of DENV-infected megakaryocytic cell line superficially expressing human glycoprotein Ib (CD42b) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (CD41 and CD41a) were analyzed by our custom-written software in MATLAB. In two-dimensional analyses, intracellular DENV was detected in CD42b+, CD41+ and CD41a+ cells. In three-dimensional analyses, the DENV was exclusively detected in CD42b+ cells but not in CD42b− cells regardless of the other expressions. In single-cell virus-protein analyses, the amount of DENV was directly correlated with those of CD42b at the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.9. Moreover, RT- PCR and apoptosis assays showed that DENV was able to replicate itself and release its new progeny from the infected CD42b+ cells and eventually killed those cells. These results provide evidence for the involvement of CD42b in DENV infection.
Monolayer PdSe2: A promising two-dimensional thermoelectric material
Authors: Qin Dan , Yan Peng , Ding Guangqian , Ge Xujin , Song Hongyue , Gao Guoying 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMotivated by the recent experimental synthesis of two-dimensional semiconducting film PdSe2, we investigate the electronic and thermal transport properties of PdSe2 monolayer by using the density functional theory and semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation. The calculated results reveal anisotropic transport properties. Low lattice thermal conductivity about 3 Wm−1 K −1 (300K) along the x direction is obtained, and the dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit can reach 1.1 along the x direction for p-type doping at room temperature, indicating the promising thermoelectric performance of monolayer PdSe2.
Label-free Raman hyperspectral imaging analysis localizes the cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin to the cytoplasm in sorghum cells
Authors: Heraud Philip , Cowan Max F. , Marzec Katarzyna Maria , Møller Birger Lindberg , Blomstedt Cecilia K. , Gleadow Ros 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLocalisation of metabolites in sorghum coleoptiles using Raman hyperspectral imaging analysis was compared in wild type plants and mutants that lack cyanogenic glucosides. This novel method allows high spatial resolution in situ localization by detecting functional groups associated with cyanogenic glucosides using vibrational spectroscopy. Raman hyperspectral imaging revealed that dhurrin was found mainly surrounding epidermal, cortical and vascular tissue, with the greatest amount in cortical tissue. Numerous “hotspots” demonstrated dhurrin to be located within both cell walls and cytoplasm adpressed towards the plasmamembrane and not in the vacuole as previously reported. The high concentration of dhurrin in the outer cortical and epidermal cell layers is consistent with its role in defence against herbivory. This demonstrates the ability of Raman hyperspectral imaging to locate cyanogenic glucosides in intact tissues, avoiding possible perturbations and imprecision that may accompany methods that rely on bulk tissue extraction methods, such as protoplast isolation.
Microfluidic channel optimization to improve hydrodynamic dissociation of cell aggregates and tissue
Authors: Qiu Xiaolong , Huang Jen-Huang , Westerhof Trisha M. , Lombardo Jeremy A. , Henrikson Katrina M. , Pennell Marissa , Pourfard Pedram P. , Nelson Edward L. , Nath Pulak , Haun Jered B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMaximizing the speed and efficiency at which single cells can be liberated from tissues would dramatically advance cell-based diagnostics and therapies. Conventional methods involve numerous manual processing steps and long enzymatic digestion times, yet are still inefficient. In previous work, we developed a microfluidic device with a network of branching channels to improve the dissociation of cell aggregates into single cells. However, this device was not tested on tissue specimens, and further development was limited by high cost and low feature resolution. In this work, we utilized a single layer, laser micro-machined polyimide film as a rapid prototyping tool to optimize the design of our microfluidic channels to maximize dissociation efficiency. This resulted in a new design with smaller dimensions and a shark fin geometry, which increased recovery of single cells from cancer cell aggregates. We then tested device performance on mouse kidney tissue, and found that optimal results were obtained using two microfluidic devices in series, the larger original design followed by the new shark fin design as a final polishing step. We envision our microfluidic dissociation devices being used in research and clinical settings to generate single cells from various tissue specimens for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Characterization of the complete mitogenome of Indian Mouse Deer, Moschiola indica (Artiodactyla: Tragulidae) and its evolutionary significance
Authors: Sarvani Rama K. , Parmar Drashti R. , Tabasum Wajeeda , Thota Neelima , Sreenivas Ara , Gaur Ajay 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe mitochondrial genome of Indian mouse deer (Moschiola indica) was sequenced, assembled and characterized for the first time using 22 pairs of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers. The mitogenome ofM.indicawhich is 16,444 bp in size was found very similar to most vertebrates in organisation that harbours 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA, 2 ribosomal RNA and 1A + T-rich region. Its comparison with over 52 mitogenomes of the order Artiodactyla, showed a conserved nature of gene organisation, codon usage, gene orientation and evolutionary rates of proteins except thatM. indicapossesses an extra copy oftrnF. The complete mitogenome and protein-coding genes ofM. indicawere found to be highly A + T biased. Rate of protein evolution was highest inatp8and lowest incox3. Further, a higher purifying selection pressure was found to be acting on family Tragulidae compared to Bovidae and Cervidae. The phylogenetic analysis ofM.indicaplaced the Tragulidae as sister-group of all other ruminants, similar to previous analyses.Moschiolaforms the sister-group to the other two tragulid generaTragulus(from Asia) andHyemoschus(from Africa), which is unexpected as usually the Asian species are thought to form a monophyletic group.
Conformational states during vinculin unlocking differentially regulate focal adhesion properties
Authors: Chorev Dror S. , Volberg Tova , Livne Ariel , Eisenstein Miriam , Martins Bruno , Kam Zvi , Jockusch Brigitte M. , Medalia Ohad , Sharon Michal , Geiger Benny 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFocal adhesions (FAs) are multi-protein complexes that connect the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, via integrin receptors. The growth, stability and adhesive functionality of these structures are tightly regulated by mechanical stress, yet, despite the extensive characterization of the integrin adhesome, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying FA mechanosensitivity are still unclear. Besides talin, another key candidate for regulating FA-associated mechanosensing, is vinculin, a prominent FA component, which possesses either closed (“auto-inhibited”) or open (“active”) conformation. A direct experimental demonstration, however, of the conformational transition between the two states is still absent. In this study, we combined multiple structural and biological approaches to probe the transition from the auto-inhibited to the active conformation, and determine its effects on FA structure and dynamics. We further show that the transition from a closed to an open conformation requires two sequential steps that can differentially regulate FA growth and stability.
Challenging human locomotion: stability and modular organisation in unsteady conditions
Authors: Santuz Alessandro , Ekizos Antonis , Eckardt Nils , Kibele Armin , Arampatzis Adamantios 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe need to move over uneven terrain is a daily challenge. In order to face unexpected perturbations due to changes in the morphology of the terrain, the central nervous system must flexibly modify its control strategies. We analysed the local dynamic stability and the modular organisation of muscle activation (muscle synergies) during walking and running on an even- and an uneven-surface treadmill. We hypothesized a reduced stability during uneven-surface locomotion and a reorganisation of the modular control. We found a decreased stability when switching from even- to uneven-surface locomotion (p < 0.001 in walking, p = 0.001 in running). Moreover, we observed a substantial modification of the time-dependent muscle activation patterns (motor primitives) despite a general conservation of the time-independent coefficients (motor modules). The motor primitives were considerably wider in the uneven-surface condition. Specifically, the widening was significant in both the early (+40.5%, p < 0.001) and late swing (+7.7%, p = 0.040) phase in walking and in the weight acceptance (+13.6%, p = 0.006) and propulsion (+6.0%, p = 0.041) phase in running. This widening highlighted an increased motor output’s robustness (i.e. ability to cope with errors) when dealing with the unexpected perturbations. Our results confirmed the hypothesis that humans adjust their motor control strategies’ timing to deal with unsteady locomotion.
Contributions of Pavlovian incentive motivation to cue-potentiated feeding
Authors: Marshall Andrew T. , Halbout Briac , Liu Angela T. , Ostlund Sean B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCues signaling the availability of palatable food acquire the ability to potentiate food seeking and consumption. The current study employed a combination of behavioral, pharmacological, and analytical techniques to probe the role of Pavlovian incentive motivation in cue-potentiated feeding. We show that a cue paired with sucrose solution (CS+) can transfer its control over feeding to stimulate sucrose consumption at a new receptacle, and that this effect depends on activation of D1 dopamine receptors, which is known to modulate other forms of cue-motivated behavior but not taste palatability. Microstructural analyses of sucrose-licking behavior revealed that the CS+ tended to increase the frequency with which rats engaged in active bouts of licking behavior without having a reliable effect on the duration of those licking bouts, a measure that was instead associated with sucrose palatability. Furthermore, we found that individual differences in CS+ elicited increases in bout frequency were associated with total sucrose intake at test, supporting the view that this process was related to meaningful dysregulation of eating behavior. The current study, therefore, (1) demonstrates that a dopamine-dependent Pavlovian incentive motivational process can mediate cue-potentiated feeding, and (2) lays out an experimental and analytical approach for parsing this aspect of behavior.
Far-UVC light: A new tool to control the spread of airborne-mediated microbial diseases
Authors: Welch David , Buonanno Manuela , Grilj Veljko , Shuryak Igor , Crickmore Connor , Bigelow Alan W. , Randers-Pehrson Gerhard , Johnson Gary W. , Brenner David J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAirborne-mediated microbial diseases such as influenza and tuberculosis represent major public health challenges. A direct approach to prevent airborne transmission is inactivation of airborne pathogens, and the airborne antimicrobial potential of UVC ultraviolet light has long been established; however, its widespread use in public settings is limited because conventional UVC light sources are both carcinogenic and cataractogenic. By contrast, we have previously shown that far-UVC light (207–222 nm) efficiently inactivates bacteria without harm to exposed mammalian skin. This is because, due to its strong absorbance in biological materials, far-UVC light cannot penetrate even the outer (non living) layers of human skin or eye; however, because bacteria and viruses are of micrometer or smaller dimensions, far-UVC can penetrate and inactivate them. We show for the first time that far-UVC efficiently inactivates airborne aerosolized viruses, with a very low dose of 2 mJ/cm2of 222-nm light inactivating >95% of aerosolized H1N1 influenza virus. Continuous very low dose-rate far-UVC light in indoor public locations is a promising, safe and inexpensive tool to reduce the spread of airborne-mediated microbial diseases.
Giant rhyolite lava dome formation after 7.3 ka supereruption at Kikai caldera, SW Japan
Authors: Tatsumi Yoshiyuki , Suzuki-Kamata Keiko , Matsuno Tetsuo , Ichihara Hiroshi , Seama Nobukazu , Kiyosugi Koji , Nakaoka Reina , Nakahigashi Kazuo , Takizawa Hideaki , Hayashi Kazuki , Chiba Tatsuro , Shimizu Satoshi , Sano Mamoru , Iwamaru Hikaru , Morozumi Haruhisa , Sugioka Hiroko , Yamamoto Yojiro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractKikai submarine caldera to the south of the Kyushu Island, SW Japan, collapsed at 7.3 ka during the latest supereruption (>500 km3 of magma) in the Japanese Archipelago. Multi functional research surveys of the T/S Fukae Maru in this caldera, including multi-beam echosounder mapping, remotely operated vehicle observation, multi-channel seismic reflection survey, and rock sampling by dredging and diving, provided lines of evidence for creation of a giant rhyolite lava dome (~32 km3) after the caldera collapse. This dome is still active as water column anomalies accompanied by bubbling from its surface are observed. Chemical characteristics of dome-forming rhyolites akin to those of presently active small volcanic cones are different from those of supereruption. The voluminous post-caldera activity is thus not caused simply by squeezing the remnant of syn-caldera magma but may tap a magma system that has evolved both chemically and physically since the 7.3-ka supereruption.
A conserved R type Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase reverses oxidized GrpEL1/Mge1 to regulate Hsp70 chaperone cycle
Authors: Allu Praveen Kumar , Boggula Yerranna , Karri Srinivasu , Marada Adinarayana , Krishnamoorthy Thanuja , Sepuri Naresh Babu V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCells across evolution employ reversible oxidative modification of methionine and cysteine amino acids within proteins to regulate responses to redox stress. Previously we have shown that mitochondrial localized methionine sulfoxide reductase (Mxr2) reversibly regulates oxidized yeast Mge1 (yMge1), a co-chaperone of Hsp70/Ssc1 to maintain protein homeostasis during oxidative stress. However, the specificity and the conservation of the reversible methionine oxidation mechanism in higher eukaryotes is debatable as human GrpEL1 (hGrpEL1) unlike its homolog yMge1 harbors two methionine residues and multiple cysteines besides the mammalian mitochondria hosting R and S types of Mxrs/Msrs. In this study, using yeast as a surrogate system, we show that hGRPEL1 and R type MSRs but not the S type MSRs complement the deletion of yeast MGE1 or MXR2 respectively. Our investigations show that R type Msrs interact selectively with oxidized hGrpEL1/yMge1 in an oxidative stress dependent manner, reduce the conserved hGrpEL1-Met146-SO and rescue the Hsp70 ATPase activity. In addition, a single point mutation in hGrpEL1-M146L rescues the slow growth phenotype of yeast MXR2 deletion under oxidative duress. Our study illustrates the evolutionarily conserved formation of specific Met-R-SO in hGrpEL1/yMge1 and the essential and canonical role of R type Msrs/Mxrs in mitochondrial redox mechanism.
Asymmetrical ligand-induced cross-regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 by α1-adrenergic receptors at the heteromeric receptor complex
Authors: Gao Xianlong , Albee Lauren J. , Volkman Brian F. , Gaponenko Vadim , Majetschak Matthias 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRecently, we reported that chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)4 and atypical chemokine receptor 3 regulate α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-AR) through the formation of hetero-oligomeric complexes. Whether α1-ARs also regulate chemokine receptor function within such heteromeric receptor complexes is unknown. We observed that activation of α1b-AR within the α1b-AR:CXCR4 heteromeric complex leads to cross-recruitment of β-arrestin2 to CXCR4, which could not be inhibited with AMD3100. Activation of CXCR4 did not cross-recruit β-arrestin2 to α1b-AR. A peptide analogue of transmembrane domain 2 of CXCR4 interfered with α1b-AR:CXCR4 heteromerization and inhibited α1b-AR-mediated β-arrestin2 cross-recruitment. Phenylephrine (PE) induced internalization of CXCR4 in HEK293 cells co-expressing CXCR4 and α1b-AR and of endogenous CXCR4 in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC). The latter was detectable despite blockade of CXCR4 with the neutralizing antibody 12G5. hVSMC migrated towards CXCL12 and PE, but not towards a combination of CXCL12 and PE. PE inhibited CXCL12-induced chemotaxis of hVSMC (IC50: 77 ± 30 nM). Phentolamine cross-inhibited CXCL12-induced chemotaxis of hVSMC, whereas AMD3100 did not cross-inhibit PE-induced chemotaxis. These data provide evidence for asymmetrical cross-regulation of CXCR4 by α1-adrenergic receptors within the heteromeric receptor complex. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into the function of α1-AR:CXCR4 heteromers and suggest alternative approaches to modulate CXCR4 in disease conditions.
PP5 (PPP5C) is a phosphatase of Dvl2
Authors: Xie Jianlei , Han Meng , Zhang Miaojun , Deng Haiteng , Wu Wei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDishevelled (Dvl) family proteins are key mediators of Wnt signalling and function in both canonical and noncanonical branches. Dvl2, the most studied Dvl protein, is extensively regulated by phosphorylation. Several kinases were found to be critical for Dvl2 localisation, stability control and functional segregation. For example, S143-phosphorylated Dvl2 was detected, together with CK1δ/ε, at the centrosome and basal body of primary cilia and plays pivotal roles during ciliogenesis. However, relatively less is known about Dvl dephosphorylation and the phosphatases involved. Here, we identified PP5 (PPP5C) as a phosphatase of Dvl2. PP5 interacts with and can directly dephosphorylate Dvl2. Knockdown of PP5 caused elevated Dvl2 phosphorylation both at the basal level and upon Wnt stimulation. In the Dvl2 protein, S143, the 10B5 cluster and other sites were dephosphorylated by PP5. Interestingly, comparison of PP5 with PP2A, another known Dvl2 phosphatase, revealed that PP5 and PP2A are not fully redundant in the regulation of Dvl2 phosphorylation status. In hTERT-RPE1 cells, PP5 was found at the basal body of cilia, where S143-phosphorylated Dvl2 also resides. Functional assays revealed modest effects on ciliogenesis after PP5 depletion or over-expression. Taken together, our results provided evidence to suggest PP5 as a new phosphatase for Dvl2.
Site-specific N-glycosylation analysis of soluble Fcγ receptor IIIb in human serum
Authors: Yagi Hirokazu , Takakura Daisuke , Roumenina Lubka T. , Fridman Wolf Herman , Sautès-Fridman Catherine , Kawasaki Nana , Kato Koichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFc-receptors for immunoglobulin G (FcγRs) mediate a variety of effector and regulatory mechanisms in the immune system.N-glycosylation of FcγRs critically affects their functions which is well exemplified by antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis mediated by homologous FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb, respectively. Although several reports describeN-glycosylation profiles of recombinant FcγRIII glycoproteins, much remains unknown regarding their native glycoforms. Here we performed site-specificN-glycosylation profiling of a soluble form of FcγRIIIb purified from human serum based on mass spectrometric analysis. Our data indicate a distinct and common tendency of the glycoforms exhibited at eachN-glycosylation site between the native and the previously reported recombinant FcγRIII glycoproteins. Among the sixN-glycosylation sites of serum soluble FcγRIIIb, Asn45 was shown to be exclusively occupied by high-mannose-type oligosaccharides, whereas the remaining sites were solely modified by the complex-type oligosaccharides with sialic acid and fucose residues. The results of our endogenous FcγRIII glycoform analyses are important for the optimization of therapeutic antibody efficacy.
Association of muscle mass and fat mass with insulin resistance and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Kyuwoong , Park Sang Min 
Published: February 2018

AbstractRelationship of muscle mass and fat mass with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome remains uncertain, especially among Asian population. We performed a cross-sectional study with 14,807 adult participants aged between 18 and 65 in the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) data to investigate whether muscle mass and fat mass are associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. DEXA records were used to categorize the participants into four categories (low muscle/low fat, low muscle/high fat, high muscle/ low fat, and high muscle/high fat). Least square means and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to assess the associations of muscle mass and fat mass with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. After adjustment for potential confounders, high muscle/low fat was associated with significantly lower insulin resistance (P < 0.001) compared to low muscle/low fat. Low muscle/high fat (IRR: 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.44–2.50, P < 0.001) and high muscle/high fat (IRR: 2.30; 95% CI:1.76–3.00, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Our study suggests that protective association of muscle mass with metabolic syndrome is attenuated by high fat mass in Korean adults.
Compositional marker in vivo reveals intramyocellular lipid turnover during fasting-induced lipolysis
Authors: Thankamony Ajay , Kemp Graham J. , Koulman Albert , Bokii Vlada , Savage David B. , Boesch Chris , Hodson Leanne , Dunger David B. , Sleigh Alison 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntramyocellular lipid (IMCL) is of particular metabolic interest, but despite many proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) studies reporting IMCL content measured by the methylene (CH2) resonance signal, little is known about its composition. Here we validated IMCL CH3:CH2 ratio as a compositional marker using 1H MRS at short echo time, and investigated IMCL content and composition during a 28-hour fast in 24 healthy males. Increases in IMCL CH2 relative to the creatine and phosphocreatine resonance (Cr) at 3.0 ppm (an internal standard) correlated with circulating free fatty acid (FA) concentrations, supporting the concept of increased FA influx into IMCL. Significant decreases in IMCL CH3:CH2 ratio indicated a less unsaturated IMCL pool after fasting, and this compositional change related inversely to IMCL baseline composition, suggesting a selective efflux of unsaturated shorter-chain FA from the IMCL pool. This novel in vivo evidence reveals IMCL turnover during extended fasting, consistent with the concept of a flexible, responsive myocellular lipid store. There were also differences between soleus and tibialis anterior in basal IMCL composition and in response to fasting. We discuss the potential of this marker for providing insights into normal physiology and mechanisms of disease.