bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Infusions in Man
Authors: Hovig T , Grøttum K. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe soybean lipid emulsion “Intralipid” was infused in 10 volunteer individuals, and platelets, obtained up to 22 hours after the infusions, were studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Using negative staining technique, platelet coating with lipid particles could be demonstrated. Platelet engulf ment of the lipid particles was found in ultrathin sections. The lipid particles appeared to enter the platelets via invaginations of the surface membranes and were located in vacuoles and in’ ‘humps”. The platelet shape and internal structure was strikingly well preserved and no evidence of platelet aggregation was demonstrated. Small platelet cytoplasmic fragments containing lipid were observed, and it is suggested that these may be pinched off from the platelets. Both with negative staining and in scanning electron micrographs occasional clumps of lipid particles were observed, and the possibility can not be excluded that such clumps may interfere with microcirculatory flow.
Fibrinogen Montreal
Authors: Lacombe M , Soria J , Soria C , d’Angelo G , Lavallee R , Bonny Y 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA new case of congenital dysfibrinogenemia characterized by a prolonged thrombin clotting time and a low optical density of the polymerization curve has been discovered in Montreal. The functional defect is due to an abnormal aggregation of fibrin monomers.The characteristics of this abnormal fibrinogen are serum gélification (Paracoagulation) at 37°, 22° and 4° C, a normal immuno-electrophoretic and electrofocusing pattern, a slight increase in the mobility in the α (A) chain by electrophoresis of the dissociated chains in polyacrylamide gel. However, no abnormality was found in the α (A) chain of the disulphide knot.
Congenital Dysfibrinogenemmia(Fibrinogen Giessen)
Authors: Krause W.H , Heene D.L , Lasch H.G 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis report discusses congenital dysfibrinogenemia with facultative hemorrhagic diathesis in a 27-year-old woman patient. The autosomal-dominant hereditary transmission is assumed because of the occurrence of dysfibrinogenemia in the patient’s daughter now two-years-old. More extensive genetic examinations were impossible as the patient had been adopted.The thrombin-time, the thromboplastin- and the partial thromboplastin-time were all prolonged. Reptilase and arvin did not lead to visible coagulation. Immunologically the concentration of fibrinogen was found to be normal, but fibrinogen, when determined as a thrombin clottable protein was clearly reduced. The patient’s plasma and isolated fibrinogen had an inhibitory effect on the coagulation of normal plasma or fibrinogen. Inhibitory factors of the fibrinogen-fibrin transition or an increased fibrinolysis was not found. An isolated determination of coagulation factors gave normal results. The fibrin polymerisation of the patient’s isolated fibrin monomer was delayed and did not reach the normal maximum. By applying bidimen- sional paper electrophoresis to the patient’s isolated fibrinogen after incubation with thrombin the separation of fibrinopeptide A was shown to be absent. Plasmin applied to the pathological fibrinogen did not release any late lysis products. Based on these findings which in part differ from other reported anomalies of fibrinogen, we propose to call this variant type of fibrinogen Giessen.
A New Congenital Abnormality of Human Fibrinogen
Authors: Gralnick H. R , Givelber H. M , Finlayson J. S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA dysfibrinogenemia (fibrinogen Bethesda II) was recognized in a Caucasian family with no history of bleeding or thrombosis. Thrombin and Reptilase times were prolonged, and there was a discrepancy between the fibrinogen levels determined by the fibrin tyrosine content and the Clauss method. Other coagulation and fibrinolytic measurements yielded normal values. The half-life of homologous and autologous 125I-fibrinogen in the propositus was approximately 20% shorter than the mean (3.70 ±0.45 days) of normal individuals. Fibrinogen Bethesda II exhibited normal migration during electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate) or cellulose acetate, normal ultracentrifugal behavior, a normal chromatographic elution pattern and normal levels of hexose and sialic acid. Upon immunoelectrophoresis of whole plasma, the arc was more anodal than that produced by the fibrinogen of normal plasma. Functionally, fibrinogen Bethesda II prolonged the thrombin and Reptilase times of normal plasma and fibrinogen. The rate at which fibrinopeptides were released by thrombin or ancrod was similar to that for normal fibrinogen, and the amounts eventually reached the same levels, but a slight delay was consistently observed in the early stages of the reaction. Aggregation of fibrin monomers prepared with either thrombin or Reptilase was markedly abnormal, whereas the crosslinking (as assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) did not differ from that of normal fibrin.
The Effect of Exocrine Pancreas Stimulation on the Coagulation and Fibrinolytic System in Dogs
Authors: Gabryelewicz A , Prokopowicz J , Szalaj W , Wolosowicz N , Laszewicz W , Szmitkowski M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe coagulation and fibrinolytic systems have been investigated in the dogs treated intravenously with secretin, pancreozymin and CCK.There was significant shortening of plastic and glass clotting times, a fall in blood platelet numbers, prolongation of the prothrombin time, and a transitory inhibition of plasma euglobulin fibrinolytic activity. The greatest changes were found after CCK.It should be stressed that the peak changes were earlier and more intense when morphine was given with the hormones.In the authors’ opinion the present findings support the supposition concerning the role of enzymatic toxemia in hemostatic disturbances seen in acute pancreatitis.
Cold Promoted Activation of Factor VII VI. Effect of Inhibitors
Authors: Gjønnæss H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe cold promoted activation of factor VII occurs in parallel with an activation of a plasma arginine esterase, and, on inhibition of the cold activation of factor VII, the esterase activation also decreased. The inhibitor pattern supported our theory that the arginine esterase that is activated in the cold activation of factor VII is plasma kallikrein.The cold activation of factor VII was completely inhibited with soya bean trypsin inhibitor in doses that did not interfere with the contact activation. On the other hand, inhibition of the contact activation with hexadimethrine bromide did not interfere with the cold activation of factor VII except when this was kaolin induced. Contact and cold activation therefore appear to represent two different pathways for the activation of factor VII. The cold activation reaction is probably mediated by the activation of plasma prekallikrein, and inhibition of the plasma kallikrein activity correlates with the inhibition of the cold promoted activation of factor VII.
Coagulation Factors of the Newborn and His Mother
Authors: Biland L , Duckert F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn 50 mothers and their newborns 13 parameters of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis have been investigated. No correlation was found between the activity in the mother’s blood and in the cord blood.The activity of the factors V, VIII and IX can be so low in the blood of the normal newborn that it is not possible to detect a hereditary coagulopathy early at birth time. Fibrinogen and factor XIII make an exception. The factor XIII is normal in the cord blood, even higher than in the mother’s blood.The values of fibrinogen measured with different methods disagree (Table 1). These results are discussed in connection with the antithrombin II, antithrombin III, split products and plasminogen values.
Immune Reactive Factor IX in Acquired Factor IX Deficiency
Authors: Lechner K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFactor IX-antibody-neutralizing material has been estimated in plasmas of patients with acquired factor IX deficiency. In patients with liver cirrhosis and patients who had been treated with L-Asparaginase the plasma neutralized an amount of antibody expected from the biological activity. In patients treated with phenprocoumon and in one patient with biliary obstruction an excess of factor IX-antibody neutralizing material was found. This inactive factor IX probably represents a precursor molecule of factor IX.
Studies on Blood Coagulation Factor V
Authors: Kahn M. J. P , Hemker H. C 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIt is confirmed that a protein from Russell’s viper venom has a direct activating action on human as well as bovine factor V.Unactivated human factor V has a molecular weight as estimated by gel filtration of ∼410,000, after activation the molecular weight is ∼110,000, thus suggesting the dissociation of a tetramer.The approximative molecular weight figures for unactivated and activated bovine factor V are 400,000 and 195,000, resp. This suggests the dissociation into a dimer accompanying the process of activation.
The Inactivation of Factor VIII in Vitro
Authors: Stibbe J , Hemker H. C , Creveld S. v 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWhen normal citrated plasma is stored at 37° C and pH 7.8 the factor VIII activity drops to about 50% of its initial value during the first 8-12 h. In the following 4 days practically no further drop in activity is found. If the logarithm of the factor VIII activity is plotted against time a curve is obtained which can be described as biphasic. To explore the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon the influence of temperature, pH, Ca++ concentration and some other clotting factors was investigated. Between temperatures of 21° C and 45° C the inactivation of factor VIII was biphasic, the decrease of factor VIII being faster in both phases at higher temperatures. The inactivation at these temperatures showed a Q10 of about 2. At 52° C nearly all factor VIII activity disappeared within 8 h. Possibly the precipitation of fibrinogen at this temperature is of influence. Between pH 6.4 and 8.5 the decrease in factor VIII in the first phase was obviously slower at lower pH and the level of the second phase maintained at a higher factor VIII activity. No alteration of the normal inactivation pattern was seen in plasma from patients with congenital deficiencies of factors XII, IX or V or in normal plasma adsorbed with BaS04 which has factors II, VII, IX and X markedly decreased, nor was there any difference between platelet rich and platelet poor plasma. Low calcium concentrations (Resinplasma) markedly increased the rate of inactivation in the first phase, but did not influence the second phase.Four hypotheses are given to explain the biphasic inactivation of factor VIII: a) The presence of an inactivating substance in the first phase or a stabilizing factor in the second phase of factor VIII inactivation. b) The existence of two independent substances with factor VIII activity with different inactivation rates. c) Reversible denaturation of factor VIII in one or more steps. d) Factor VIII exists in plasma in two interdependent molecular forms. It is discussed that in view of the results of the experiments hypotheses a and b are not very likely. At present we cannot differentiate experimentally between c and d.
Observations on Factor X Activity after Adsorption to Barium Sulphate
Authors: Howell R. M , Dupe R. J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe amount of preformed clotting activity exhibited by factor X was found to be closely related to the bulk density of the barium sulphate used for its adsorption from serum.The X-ray grade of barium sulphate compares closely with that manufactured by precipitation and its bulk density is half that of the soil grade which is similar to the material obtained by grinding natural barytes. Microscopically, the soil grade shows an irregular crystalline surface and when used for the adsorption of serum, the resulting eluate has a greater clotting and esterase activity than is the case when the X-ray grade, which has a smooth surface, is used. Possible mechanisms leading to the surface activation of factor X by barium sulphate are discussed and the findings are also related to earlier observations on variations in the availability of serum thrombotic accelerator (STA) after its adsorption to the same grade of barium sulphate.The importance of defining the barium sulphate used for the adsorption of clotting factors in terms of its physical properties and microscopic appearance is emphasised.
A New Method Based on One Dimensional Diffusion Using Small Glass Tubes for the Measurement of Fibrinolytic Activity
Authors: Yasukouchi Taro , Watanabe Takeo 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA new method of estimating fibrinolytic activity is introduced. This method based on one dimensional diffusion (simple diffusion) is characterized by adopting small glass tubes, internal diameter about 3.5 mm calibrated from the bottom by 50 mm, as containers of substratecl fibrin.The results and advantages over previous methods are as follows :1. Clear line of demarcation between lyzed zone and remaining fibrin makes it easier to measure the extract of lysis than in the fibrin plate method.2. The enzyme activity of materials tested is kept stable for many hours.3. The quantity of test material in the fibrin tube is optional.4. Only 1/10 fibrinogen required for fibrin plate method is sufficient.5. Adopting a standard euglobulin unit gives a free choice of experimental conditions. The pooled euglobulin prepared from 48 healthy persons represented 1 standard euglobulin unit.Standard deviations of “Euglobulin + Streptokinase” level in plasmas from 24 healthy men (aged 18-54 yrs) and women (aged 17-50 yrs) were ±0.27 and ±0.20 standard euglobulin units, respectively.
Comparison of Ethanol and Protamine Tests in Demonstration of Soluble Fibrin and Early Products of Fibrin Degradation
Authors: Konttinen Y. P , Kemppainen L , Turunen O 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPerformance and applicability of ethanol-induced gelation and protamine-induced paracoagulation for the demonstration of soluble fibrin monomer complexes and fragment Xo complexes was studied by using 1. fibrin monomer plasma prepared by adding small amounts of thrombin to plasma, 2. clot lysis products, and 3. thrombin -treated mixture of fibrinogen degradation products and plasma. To increase the specificity of the protamine tests only visible fibrin strand formation was recorded as positive. In addition to qualitative tests the amount of paracoagulable material was measured by a spectrophotometric method.The ethanol gelation test proved very simple, reproducible and considerably more sensitive than the protamine tests in demonstrating soluble fibrin monomer complexes, irrespective of whether fibrinogen degradation products were present or not. On the other hand, the protamine tests were clearly superior for demonstration of clot lysis products (fragment Xo complexes). Therefore it seems advisable to perform both types of tests when screening for intravascular coagulation.
The Significance of Plasma Inhibitor(s) in the Control of Fibrinolytic (Plasmin) Activity in Blood
Authors: Monkhouse Frank C. , Milojevic Susan , Schmitt Adrianne 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA single one minute wash with three volumes of iso-amyl alcohol will remove all effective antithrombin and antiplasmin activity from plasma. On centrifugation, a clear inhibitor-free plasma with prothrombin activity and with no measurable loss of plasminogen or plasmin is obtained. Studies were carried out on both dog and human plasma. When iso-amyl alcohol treated plasma is stored either at room temperature or at 4° C, the plasminogen in it spontaneously converts to plasmin. The rate at which it does this is proportional to the amount of activator present in the original plasma. When stored at -20° C, this plasmin is stable indefinitely and provides an excellent source of plasmin for routine studies. Experiments in which urokinase was added to plasma samples and the mixture allowed to incubate for varying periods of time from 10 minutes to 15 hours before inhibitor was removed, showed that very little plasmin is destroyed by inhibitor. The plasmin-inhibitor complex is largely reversible. Zone electrophoresis studies indicate that iso-amyl alcohol removes alpha globulins, lipoproteins and some glycoproteins.
Coagulation Studies in a Case of Severe Congenital Hypofibrinogenemia
Authors: Barbui T , Porciello P. I , Dini E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA case of severe congenital hypofibrinogenemia is presented. The patient was a 26 year old female with congenital heart disease.Partial thromboplastin time, Quick’s time and thrombin time were infinite. There was no immunoelectrophoretic precipitation with anti-fibrinogen serum. The thrombo-elastogram, carried out in PPP, indicated the complete lack of fibrinogen. On the contrary, the thromboelastographic pattern in PRP showed a very small opening of the branches, suddenly followed by their rejoining. Using an immunodiffusion method, it was possible to estimate the fibrinogen level at 12 mg%.
Transport of Low Molecular Weight Proteins through Aorta and Vena Cava of Rats and Rabbits
Authors: Pinkas J , Spaet Th. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHistochemical methods were adapted to study the passage of different sized molecules through the aortic wall of rats and rabbits. Horseradish peroxidase, myoglobin and cytochrome C served as tracers of different molecular weights easily identifiable by light microscopy after peroxidase staining. All three proteins were transported from the lumen through the aortic wall to the adventitia; no penetration from the adventitia was seen. When compared for rate of transportation, horseradish peroxide with the highest molecular weight was slower than myoglobin and cytochrome C. In the vena cava the transport of these proteins occurred from both directions but the media was saturated from the lumen only. No difference between velocity of transport of horseradish peroxidase, myoglobin and cytochrome C was found in the vena cava. In vitro incubation in various solutions containing dissolved horseradish peroxidase showed penetration of peroxidase to be minimal. The molecular weight of material transported and pressure in the lumen are considered as the most important factors influencing the transport of nutrients through the wall of an avascular large vessel. When abdominal aorta was isolated from surrounding tissue, clearance of peroxidase from the vessel wall was greatly retarded.
Studies on Fibrin Formation and Effects of Dextran
Authors: Muzaffar T. Z , Youngson G. G , Bryce W. A. J , Dhall D. P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this study highly reproducible turbidimetric techniques are used to investigate clotting of human platelet-poor plasma and purified human fibrinogen solutions by thrombin. Three phases are clearly distinguishable turbidimetrically during clotting. All the three phases are altered by dextran. This effect of dextran is not mediated by any action on the enzymatic activity of thrombin. Further, it is independent of the molecular weight of dextran, but is found related to the final dextran, thrombin and fibrinogen concentrations. Evidence is presented to show that dextran accelerates the polymerisation of fibrin monomer. However, it seems clear that dextran has an additional action quite apart from this effect. These actions of dextran are discussed in relation to kinetics of clot formation.
Parallel Determinations of FDP and Fibrin Monomers with Various Methods
Authors: Hedner U , Nilsson I. M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe following tests were performed in 305 persons with one or other of the following conditions: malignant disease, postoperative complications, sepsis or multiple fractures, liver disease, pregnancy, the puerperium, renal disease, dysproteinaemia and different blood disorders : 1. fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) with Niléhn’s immunochemical method; 2. the thrombin time; 3. the Reptilase time; 4. the ethanol gelation test; 5. the protamine sulphate precipitation test. It was found that a prolonged thrombin time or Reptilase time in a given case was not necessarily a sign of the presence of FDP. Thus, neither determination of the thrombin time nor of the Reptilase time can substitute for specific determination of FDP. A positive ethanol gelation test was found in only 5 out of 17 patients with a low platelet count, low P & P test, low factor V, low fibrinogen and clinical signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation such as shock, disturbance of the periphery circulation, oliguria or anuria. No association was found between a positive ethanol gelation test and the presence of FDP. The protamine sulphate precipitation test was positive in only one of the 305 patients.
The Effect of Apyrase on Platelet Retention in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Abnormal Cardiac Valves or with von Willebrand’s Disease
Authors: Rifkin Paul L. , Friedberg Neal M. , Zucker Marjorie B. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryEarlier studies showed that platelet retention was low in disturbed blood and was restored by incubating the blood with apyrase. The low values appeared to be due to ADP-induced inhibition. Patients with von Willebrand’s disease and some patients with cardiac valve abnormalities or prostheses had reduced platelet retention in glass bead columns. Although retention was often increased by incubating the blood with apyrase, it never reached normal values. Retention in normal blood was low when short columns were used and was also increased by apyrase. Thus, ADP-induced inhibition is apparently present even in carefully drawn blood and is probably not responsible for the poor retention in von Willebrand’s disease and cardiac valve abnormalities.
Observations on the Hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl Acylates by Purified Bovine Thrombin
Authors: Lundblad Roger L. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe ability of purified bovine thrombin to catalyze the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl butyrate has been studied. The butyrate derivative appears to be hydrolyzed more rapidly than the acetate derivative. An examination of the time course of hydrolysis of these compounds by thrombin shows an initial ‘‘burst” reaction followed by a slower ‘‘steady-state” reaction. The hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acylates by thrombin is inhibited by the presence of benzamidine as well as by prior reaction of thrombin with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. It is suggested that bovine thrombin catalyzes the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acylates and that the reaction proceeds via the formation of an acyl-enzyme intermediate.
Incidence and Course of Inhibitors among Patients with Classic Hemophilia
Authors: Kasper Carol K. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe incidence of known inhibitors among patients with severe classic hemophilia seen at Orthopaedic Hospital, Los Angeles, increased from 4.8 percent in 1967 to 7.8 percent in 1972. Possible reasons for the increase may include : 1. selective referral of patients with inhibitor to this center and 2. a three-fold increase in the frequency of plasma product infusion and an eight-fold increase in the factor VIII units infused per year per patient. The incidence of inhibitors was highest among young children; in 1972, 14.6 percent of children under age 10 years and 6 percent of older patients had inhibitors. Several patients developed inhibitors in late adolescence or adulthood, some after little exposure to blood products, and others after many more than a hundred accumulated days of exposure. Anamnestic responses to plasma product infusions occurred in all children under age 4 with inhibitors and all older patients with pre-infusion inhibitor titers of at least two units. Some adolescent or adult patients with low-titer inhibitors received plasma products on several occasions without developing higher titers but later responded to another infusion with a marked rise in titer.