bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mate pair sequencing improves detection of genomic abnormalities in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Aypar Umut , Smoley Stephanie A. , Pitel Beth A. , Pearce Kathryn E. , Zenka Roman M. , Vasmatzis George , Johnson Sarah H. , Smadbeck James B. , Peterson Jess F. , Geiersbach Katherine B. , Van Dyke Daniel L. , Thorland Erik C. , Jenkins Robert B. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Greipp Patricia T. , Kearney Hutton M. , Hoppman Nicole L. , Baughn Linda B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) can be subtyped based on recurrent cytogenetic and molecular genetic abnormalities with diagnostic and prognostic significance. Although cytogenetic characterization classically involves conventional chromosome and/or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays, limitations of these techniques include poor resolution and the inability to precisely identify breakpoints.MethodWe evaluated whether an NGS‐based methodology that detects structural abnormalities and copy number changes using mate pair sequencing (MPseq) can enhance the diagnostic yield for patients with AML.ResultsUsing 68 known abnormal and 20 karyotypically normal AML samples, each recurrent primary AML‐specific abnormality previously identified in the abnormal samples was confirmed using MPseq. Importantly, in eight cases with abnormalities that could not be resolved by conventional cytogenetic studies, MPseq was utilized to molecularly define eight recurrent AML‐fusion events. In addition, MPseq uncovered two cryptic abnormalities that were missed by conventional cytogenetic studies. Thus, MPseq improved the diagnostic yield in the detection of AML‐specific structural rearrangements in 10/88 (11%) of cases analyzed.ConclusionUtilization of MPseq represents a precise, molecular‐based technique that can be used as an alternative to conventional cytogenetic studies for newly diagnosed AML patients with the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies.
ERBB2 signaling drives supporting cell proliferation in vitro and apparent supernumerary hair cell formation in vivo in the neonatal mouse cochlea
Authors: Zhang Jingyuan , Wang Quan , Abdul‐Aziz Dunia , Mattiacio Jonelle , Edge Albert S. B. , White Patricia M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn mammals, cochlear hair cells are not regenerated once they are lost, leading to permanent hearing deficits. In other vertebrates, the adjacent supporting cells act as a stem cell compartment, in that they both proliferate and differentiate into de novo auditory hair cells. Although there is evidence that mammalian cochlear supporting cells can differentiate into new hair cells, the signals that regulate this process are poorly characterized. We hypothesize that signaling from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family may play a role in cochlear regeneration. We focus on one such member, ERBB2, and report the effects of expressing a constitutively active ERBB2 receptor in neonatal mouse cochlear supporting cells, using viruses and transgenic expression. Lineage tracing with fluorescent reporter proteins was used to determine the relationships between cells with active ERBB2 signaling and cells that divided or differentiated into hair cells. In vitro, individual supporting cells harbouring a constitutively active ERBB2 receptor appeared to signal to their neighbouring supporting cells, inducing them to down‐regulate a supporting cell marker and to proliferate. In vivo, we found supernumerary hair cell‐like cells near supporting cells that expressed ERBB2 receptors. Both supporting cell proliferation and hair cell differentiation were largely reproduced in vitro using small molecules that we show also activate ERBB2. Our data suggest that signaling from the receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB2 can drive the activation of secondary signaling pathways to regulate regeneration, suggesting a new model where an interplay of cell signaling regulates regeneration by endogenous stem‐like cells.
Circadian regulation in the retina: From molecules to network
Authors: Ko Gladys Y.‐P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe mammalian retina is the most unique tissue among those that display robust circadian/diurnal oscillations. The retina is not only a light sensing tissue that relays light information to the brain, it has its own circadian “system” independent from any influence from other circadian oscillators. While all retinal cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) possess circadian oscillators, these oscillators integrate by means of neural synapses, electrical coupling (gap junctions), and released neurochemicals (such as dopamine, melatonin, adenosine, and ATP), so the whole retina functions as an integrated circadian system. Dysregulation of retinal clocks not only causes retinal or ocular diseases, it also impacts the circadian rhythm of the whole body, as the light information transmitted from the retina entrains the brain clock that governs the body circadian rhythms. In this review, how circadian oscillations in various retinal cells are integrated, and how retinal diseases affect daily rhythms.
A micromechanical fracture analysis to investigate the effect of healing particles on the overall mechanical response of a self‐healing particulate composite
Authors: Ponnusami Sathiskumar A. , Krishnasamy Jayaprakash , Turteltaub Sergio , van der Zwaag Sybrand 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA computational fracture analysis is conducted on a self‐healing particulate composite employing a finite element model of an actual microstructure. The key objective is to quantify the effects of the actual morphology and the fracture properties of the healing particles on the overall mechanical behaviour of the (MoSi2) particle‐dispersed Yttria Stabilised Zirconia (YSZ) composite. To simulate fracture, a cohesive zone approach is utilised whereby cohesive elements are embedded throughout the finite element mesh allowing for arbitrary crack initiation and propagation in the microstructure. The fracture behaviour in terms of the composite strength and the percentage of fractured particles is reported as a function of the mismatch in fracture properties between the healing particles and the matrix as well as a function of particle/matrix interface strength and fracture energy. The study can be used as a guiding tool for designing an extrinsic self‐healing material and understanding the effect of the healing particles on the overall mechanical properties of the material.
Differential effects of biological invasions on coastal blue carbon: A global review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Davidson Ian C. , Cott Grace M. , Devaney John L. , Simkanin Christina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHuman‐caused shifts in carbon (C) cycling and biotic exchange are defining characteristics of the Anthropocene. In marine systems, saltmarsh, seagrass, and mangrove habitats—collectively known as “blue carbon” and coastal vegetated habitats (CVHs)—are a leading sequester of global C and increasingly impacted by exotic species invasions. There is growing interest in the effect of invasion by a diverse pool of exotic species on C storage and the implications for ecosystem‐based management of these systems. In a global meta‐analysis, we synthesized data from 104 papers that provided 345 comparisons of habitat‐level response (plant and soil C storage) from paired invaded and uninvaded sites. We found an overall net effect of significantly higher C pools in invadedCVHs amounting to 40% (±16%) higher C storage than uninvaded habitat, but effects differed among types of invaders. Elevated C storage was driven by blue C‐forming plant invaders (saltmarsh grasses, seagrasses, and mangrove trees) that intensify biomass per unit area, extend and elevate coastal wetlands, and convert coastal mudflats into C‐rich vegetated habitat. Introduced animal and structurally distinct primary producers had significant negative effects on C pools, driven by herbivory, trampling, and native species displacement. The role of invasion manifested differently among habitat types, with significant C storage increases in saltmarshes, decreases in seagrass, and no significant effect in mangroves. There were also counter‐directional effects by the same species in different systems or locations, which underscores the importance of combining data mining with analyses of mean effect sizes in meta‐analyses. Our study provides a quantitative basis for understanding differential effects of invasion on blue C habitats and will inform conservation strategies that need to balance management decisions involving invasion, C storage, and a range of other marine biodiversity and habitat functions in these coastal systems.
Usefulness of bone microarchitectural and geometric DXA‐derived parameters in haemophilic patients
Authors: Ulivieri Fabio Massimo , Rebagliati Giulia Antonella Angela , Piodi Luca Petruccio , Solimeno Luigi Piero , Pasta Gianluigi , Boccalandro Elena , Fasulo Maria Rosaria , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Santagostino Elena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionHaemophilia is a recessive X‐linked inherited bleeding disorder, whose typical symptom is spontaneous intra‐articular haemorrhage leading to joint damage, which can be quantified by the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS). Arthropathy and other characteristics of haemophilic patients may reduce bone mineral density (BMD), increasing the risk for fragility fractures, which also may occur due to bone quality impairment.AimTo evaluate bone quantity by BMD and bone quality by Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), bone strain (BS) and hip structural analysis (HSA) in a haemophilic population, and to relate these parameters to general and specific risk factors for osteoporosis and to HJHS.MethodsSeventy haemophilic patients ≥18 years were enrolled. Densitometric derived lumbar spine and femoral BMD with TBS, BS and HSA were performed. Data regarding risk factors for osteoporosis, presence of arthroprosthesis or arthrodesis were collected, and HJHS was calculated. A Z‐score ≤−2.0 defined a low bone mass.ResultsOverall, a reduced bone mass was present in 52 patients at the femur and in 38 at the lumbar spine. Lumbar spine BMD, TBS and BS did not correlate with HJHS. HSA bone geometric parameters correlated negatively with HJHS. BMD and HSA correlated with some risk factors for osteoporosis, namely HIV and its therapy, hepatitis C and smoking.ConclusionsHaemophilic patients showed a reduced BMD at lumbar spine and/or femur. Femoral bone density and geometry correlated with HJHS. The microarchitecture of the trabecular vertebral bone seemed to be not influenced by the haemophilic joint damage.
THE IMPACT OF BODY WEIGHT ON OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Harris Matthew C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between individuals' weight and employment decisions over the life cycle. I estimate a dynamic stochastic model of individuals' annual choices of occupation, hours worked, and schooling. Evidence suggests that heavier individuals face higher switching costs when transitioning into white‐collar occupations, earn lower returns to experience in white‐collar occupations, and earn lower wages in socially intensive jobs. I simulate a hypothetical antidiscrimination policy treating obese workers as a protected class. Although such a policy would reduce gaps in occupational attainment, it would have little effect on the observed divergence in wages between obese and nonobese workers.
Antimicrobial potential of pomegranate peel: a review
Authors: Singh Balwinder , Singh Jatinder Pal , Kaur Amritpal , Singh Narpinder 
Published: October 2018

SummaryPomegranate peel (PoP) is a byproduct of the fruit juice processing industry, comprising nearly 30–40% of fruit portion. PoP is rich in polyphenols (phenolic acids, tannins and flavonoids particularly anthocyanins) which are known to have diverse biological functions including effectiveness against pathogenic microorganisms. PoP has shown a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity (AMA) of PoP against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. It also presented promising AMA against antibiotic resistant microbial strains such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The high levels of polyphenols, particularly punicalagin and ellagic acid, present in PoP have been responsible for its antifungal properties. PoP is effective against many fungi including both pathogenic (Aspergillus flavus) and opportunistic pathogens. These activities of PoP may be exploited as a phytomedicine for humans, in order to eliminate the use of antibiotics and reducing their cost. This review provides collective up‐to‐date information on the efficacy of plant‐derived AMA of PoP.
The prevalence of community programmes and policies to prevent childhood obesity in a diverse sample of US communities: the Healthy Communities Study
Authors: Collie‐Akers V. L. , Schultz J. A. , Fawcett S. B. , Obermeier S. M. , Pate R. R. , John L. V. , Weber S. A. , Logan A. , Arteaga S. S. , Loria C. M. , Webb K. ,   on behalf of the Healthy Communities Study Team
Published: October 2018

SummaryIntroductionThis manuscript describes the prevalence and attributes of community programmes and policies (CPPs) to address childhood obesity documented as occurring in 130 diverse US communities.MethodsKey informant interviews (N = 1420) and document abstraction were used to identify and characterize CPPs to promote physical activity and healthy nutrition occurring during a 10‐year retrospective study period. Data were collected in 2013–2015 and analysed in 2016.ResultsAcross all 130 communities, 9681 distinct CPPs were reported as occurring by key informants. Of these, 5574 (58%) focused on increasing physical activity, 2596 (27%) on improving nutrition and 1511 (16%) on both behaviours. The mean number of CPPs per community was 74.0, with a range of 25 to 295 across all communities. Most CPPs occurred more than once (63%) and on average lasted 6.1 years. The greatest number of reported CPPs occurred in school settings (44%).ConclusionsCommunities showed a wide range of investment in the amount of CPPs occurring in settings that affect opportunities for children to engage in physical activity and healthy nutrition. The pattern of implementation of CPPs showed variation over time, with an increase in more recent years. This observational study provides new and valuable information about what US communities are doing to prevent childhood obesity.
Are Gold and Government Bond Safe‐Haven Assets? An Extremal Quantile Regression Analysis
Authors: Liu Wei‐han 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study reexamines gold and government bonds as potential safe‐haven assets (SHAs) during market turmoil from daily data in 16 international markets over the past 20 years. We apply the extremal quantile regression model by Chernozhukov and Chernozhukov and Fernandez‐Val for empirical investigation. The outcomes indicate that a government bond is more likely to be qualified an active SHA, which can increase in value during market turmoil. Gold can be generally evaluated as a passive SHA, which is uncorrelated with market slumps. However, at the extremal 0.001 quantile level, neither asset can be qualified as a SHA. Since both assets exhibit a similar number of cases of being qualified as SHAs, we cannot significantly differentiate the “flight‐to‐liquidity” and “flight‐to‐quality” hypotheses. In terms of market selection, United States and Singapore are the top two choices while France and Hungary are the least commended markets to invest their local gold market as SHA.
Unobserved automated office BP is similar to other clinic BP measurements: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Papademetriou Vasilios , Tsioufis Costas , Chung Annice , Geladari Charalampia , Andreadis Emmanuel A. 
Published: October 2018

Results of the SPRINT study have been disputed, based on the assumption that unattended BP measurements do not correlate with usual BP measurements. In this study, the authors investigated the correlation of unattended SPRINT‐like measurements with other conventional measurements. All BP measurements were taken with the patient seated in a comfortable chair with the legs uncrossed and not speaking during the procedure. For the purpose of this study, sixty‐five patients, mostly male (93%), were recruited from our hypertension clinic and all were on antihypertensive medication (av 3.0 ± 1.1). Patients were at high cardiovascular risk with high rates of comorbidities, av age 68 ± 12 years, 49% with diabetes, 34% with mild CKD (CKD 1‐3, average eGFR 55.0 ± 13 mL/min/1.73 m2), and 20% with history of stable coronary artery disease. All BP measurements were similar with no statistically significant difference (one‐way ANOVA,P = 0.621). Compared to unattended SPRINT BP values (139.77 ± 19.22/75.42 ± 11.72 mm Hg), the clinic BP measurements were numerically slightly higher but with a NSPvalue (P = 0.163). Similarly, unattended BP measurements were similar to values taken by the clinic physician. In a smaller cohort of 11 patients, the authors compared unobserved vs observed SPRINT‐like BP measurements, and in 13 patients, the authors compared unobserved SPRINT‐like BP measurements to average home BP measurements (Table 3). There were no significant differences between any of the subgroups (one‐way ANOVA,P = 0.816 for systolic andP = 0.803 for diastolic). The authors conclude that unattended BP measurements taken (the SPRINT way) are similar to other conventional office blood pressure measurements.
Long noncoding RNA CASC9/miR‐519d/STAT3 positive feedback loop facilitate the glioma tumourigenesis
Authors: Liu Hongjiang , Li Chen , Yang Jiankai , Sun Yuchen , Zhang Shunyao , Yang Jipeng , Yang Liang , Wang Yuanyu , Jiao Baohua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmerging evidence have illustrated the vital roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in glioma. Nevertheless, the majority of their roles and mechanisms in gliomagenesis are still largely unclear. In this study, we investigate the roles of lncRNA CASC9 on glioma tumourigenesis and authenticate its potential mechanisms. Results manifested that CASC9 was highly expressed in glioma specimens and cells, moreover, the ectopic overexpression was correlated with glioma patients’ clinic. Functional studies found that siRNA‐mediated CASC9 silencing inhibited the proliferative ability, invasion in vitro, and impaired the tumour growth in vivo. Mechanical studies revealed that miR‐519d both targeted the 3′‐UTR of CASC9 and STAT3 mRNA, which was identified by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP). Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assay revealed that STAT3, an oncogenic transcription factor, could bind with the promoter of CASC9 and activate its transcriptional level. In conclusion, our results concluded that CASC9 promotes STAT3 expression via sponging miR‐519d, in return, STAT3 activate CASC9 transcription, forming a positive feedback loop of CASC9/miR‐519d/STAT3. The novel finding provides a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Effects of diet on cranial morphology and biting ability in musteloid mammals
Authors: Law Chris J. , Duran Emma , Hung Nancy , Richards Ekai , Santillan Isaac , Mehta Rita S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSize and shape are often considered important variables that lead to variation in performance. In studies of feeding, size‐corrected metrics of the skull are often used as proxies of biting performance; however, few studies have examined the relationship between cranial shape in its entirety and estimated bite force across species and how dietary ecologies may affect these variables differently. Here, we used geometric morphometric and phylogenetic comparative approaches to examine relationships between cranial morphology and estimated bite force in the carnivoran clade Musteloidea. We found a strong relationship between cranial size and estimated bite force but did not find a significant relationship between cranial shape and size‐corrected estimated bite force. Many‐to‐one mapping of form to function may explain this pattern because a variety of evolutionary shape changes rather than a single shape change may have contributed to an increase in relative biting ability. We also found that dietary ecologies influenced cranial shape evolution but did not influence cranial size nor size‐corrected bite force evolution. Although musteloids with different diets exhibit variation in cranial shapes, they have similar estimated bite forces suggesting that other feeding performance metrics and potentially nonfeeding traits are also important contributors to cranial evolution. We postulate that axial and appendicular adaptations and the interesting feeding behaviours reported for species within this group also facilitate different dietary ecologies between species. Future work integrating cranial, axial and appendicular form and function with behavioural observations will reveal further insights into the evolution of dietary ecologies and other ecological variables.
Physiotherapists' attitudes toward low back pain treatment: Do work setting and clinical experience with low back patients matter?
Authors: Roitenberg Neta 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesPhysiotherapists' attitudes toward low back pain (LBP) are linked to patients' attitudes toward pain, chronicity, and disability. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies exploring the variables associated with physiotherapists' attitudes. The present study seeks to explore whether there is an association between the physiotherapists' work setting and their attitudes toward LBP, whether there is an association between the physiotherapists' clinical experience with LBP patients and their attitudes toward LBP, and which variable best predicts physiotherapists' attitudes toward LBP.MethodA self‐administered questionnaire was used to collect the data which included a socio‐demographic section, self‐reports about the work setting, and a clinical experience section. Participants also completed the 15‐item Health Care Providers' Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale (HC‐Pairs) questionnaire. The HC‐Pairs is scored on a 7‐point Likert scale, a high score indicating a stronger belief that pain limits daily function.ResultsA total of 213 physiotherapists completed the questionnaire. The mean HC‐Pairs score of community‐orthopaedics physiotherapists was significantly lower than that of non community‐orthopaedics physiotherapists (mean 44.02‐ + 9.44 vs 48.69‐ + 10.89, t = −3.29, P < 0.001) indicating that community‐orthopaedics physiotherapists hold a weaker belief that pain limits daily function. Analysis suggests that there is a statistically significant difference in the mean HC‐Pairs scores between the high‐frequency and the low‐frequency group (F = 4.688, P < 0.05) implicating that as physiotherapists experience more frequent encounters with LBP patients, their belief that pain limits daily function of these patients weakens. Work setting is the only variable that predicts the HC‐Pairs scores.ConclusionsThere is an association between physiotherapists' work setting and clinical experience with LBP patients and their attitudes toward LBP. These findings have implications for future educational programs for physiotherapists and suggest the need to adapt programs to the work setting of physiotherapists and to their level of clinical experience.