bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of a filaggrin-deficient skin organoid model shows evidence of increased transcriptional-translational activity, keratinocyte-immune crosstalk and disordered axon guidance
Authors: Elias Martina S. , Wright Sheila C. , Nicholson William V. , Morrison Kimberley D. , Prescott Alan R. , Ten Have Sara , Whitfield Phillip D. , Lamond Angus I. , Brown Sara J. 
Published: September 2019

Background:Atopic eczema is an itchy inflammatory disorder characterised by skin barrier dysfunction. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) are a major risk factor, but the mechanisms by which filaggrin haploinsufficiency leads to atopic inflammation remain incompletely understood. Skin as an organ that can be modelled using primary cellsin vitroprovides the opportunity for selected genetic effects to be investigated in detail.Methods:Primary human keratinocytes and donor-matched primary fibroblasts from healthy individuals were used to create skin organoid models with and without siRNA-mediated knockdown ofFLG. Biological replicate sets of organoids were assessed using histological, functional and biochemical measurements.Results:FLGknockdown leads to subtle changes in histology and ultrastructure including a reduction in thickness of the stratum corneum and smaller, less numerous keratohyalin granules. Immature organoids showed evidence of barrier impairment withFLGknockdown, but the mature organoids showed no difference in transepidermal water loss, water content or dye penetration. There was no difference in epidermal ceramide content. Mass spectrometry proteomic analysis detected >8000 proteins per sample. Gene ontology and pathway analyses identified an increase in transcriptional and translational activity but a reduction in proteins contributing to terminal differentiation, including caspase 14, dermokine, AKT1 and TGF-beta-1. Aspects of innate and adaptive immunity were represented in both the up-regulated and down-regulated protein groups, as was the term ‘axon guidance’. Conclusions:This work provides further evidence for keratinocyte-specific mechanisms contributing to immune and neurological, as well as structural, aspects of skin barrier dysfunction. Individuals with filaggrin deficiency may derive benefit from future therapies targeting keratinocyte-immune crosstalk and neurogenic pruritus.
Multitasking and Subjective Performance Evaluations: Theory and Evidence from a Field Experiment in a Bank
Authors: Manthei Kathrin , Sliwka Dirk 
Published: September 2019

We study the incentive effects of granting supervisors access to objective performance information when agents work on multiple tasks. We first analyze a formal model showing that incentives are lower powered when supervisors have no access to objective measures but assess performance subjectively by gathering information. This incentive loss is more pronounced when the span of control is larger and incentives are distorted toward more profitable tasks. We then investigate a field experiment conducted in a bank. In the treatment group, managers obtained access to objective performance measures, which raised efforts and profits. We find that the effects are driven by larger branches and lower margin products. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
What is noise-induced hearing loss?
Authors: Ding Tonghui , Yan Aihui , Liu Ke 
Published: September 2019

Noise-induced hearing loss is sensory deafness caused by long-term exposure of the auditory system to a noisy environment. Auditory fatigue is an early symptom of noise-induced hearing loss, and hearing can gradually recover after people leave a noisy environment. However, if people remain in a noisy environment for a prolonged period of time, their hearing will be permanently impaired. Societal changes mean that people are more likely to be exposed to noise. The hearing loss and tinnitus caused by noise seriously affect people's quality of life and lead to huge economic loss. The pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss is complex. Various theories try to explain this, such as the oxidative stress theory, but none perfectly explains the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss. There is no treatment which can completely reverse the damage. More research is required to explore the pathogenesis and to better guide clinical practice. Preventative strategies, such as educating the public about hearing health, should be adopted to reduce the harm of noise-induced hearing loss.
Back-to-Back Comparison of Colonoscopy With Virtual Chromoendoscopy Using a Third-Generation Narrow-Band Imaging System to Chromoendoscopy With Indigo Carmine in Patients With Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Cellier Christophe , Perrod Guillaume , Colas Chrystelle , Dhooge Marion , Saurin Jean-Christophe , Lecomte Thierry , Coron Emmanuel , Rahmi Gabriel , Savale Camille , Chaussade Stanislas , Bellanger Jérôme , Dray Xavier , Benech Nicolas , Le Rhun Marc , Barbieux Jean-Pierre , Pereira Héléna , Chatellier Gilles , Samaha Elia 
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Colonoscopic screening with indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (ICC) in patients with Lynch syndrome (LS) improves the adenoma detection rate but is time consuming and poorly used in clinical practice. Narrow-band imaging (NBI), a virtual chromoendoscopy technique, highlights superficial mucosal vessels and improves adenoma characterization. We conducted a prospective multicenter trial in a back-to-back fashion to compare the third-generation NBI with ICC for detecting colonic adenomas in patients with LS.

METHODS:
In a multicenter, prospective, noninferiority trial, 138 patients underwent a double colonoscopy, first with NBI, followed by ICC, in a back-to-back design. The primary noninferiority outcome measure was the number of patients with at least one adenoma after NBI compared with the number of patients with at least one adenoma after NBI and ICC.

RESULTS:
The 138 analyzable patients were all proven mismatch repair mutation carriers for LS (MLH1 = 33%, MSH2 = 47%, MSH6 = 15%, PMS2 = 4%, and EPCAM = 1%). The mean age (SD) was 40.5 (14.7) years, and 64 (46.4%) were men. The median withdrawal time for an NBI procedure was 8 minutes (interquartile range 6–11) compared with 13 minutes (interquartile range 8–17) for ICC. At least one adenoma was detected during the initial NBI pass in 28 patients (20.3%), and 42 patients (30.4%) had at least one adenoma detected after both NBI and ICC (difference, 10.1%; 95% confidence interval, −0.1%–20.3%); this represents an increase of 50.0% of the adenoma detection rate. ICC detected additional adenomas in 25 patients (18.1%).

DISCUSSION:
Colonoscopy combining NBI and ICC detects more adenomas than third-generation NBI alone in patients with LS, respectively, 30.4% vs 20.3% (difference, 10.1%; 95% confidence interval, −0.1 to 20.3), thus failing the noninferiority assumption of NBI compared with combined NBI and ICC. Although less time consuming, colonoscopy using the third-generation NBI cannot be recommended to replace ICC in patients with LS.
Pengaruh Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Kualitas Air di Sungai Sekanak Kota Palembang
Authors: Kospa Herda Sabriyah Dara , Rahmadi Rahmadi 
Published: September 2019

Sungai Sekanak, anak Sungai Musi yang berada di Kota Palembang, telah mengalami pencemaran yang terlihat pada perubahan fisik air sungai. Rencana pemkot untuk mengembalikan fungsi Sungai Sekanak sebagai lokasi wisata perairan harus didukung oleh partisipasi aktif masyarakat setempat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh perilaku masyarakat terhadap kualitas air di Sungai Sekanak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah gabungan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Metode deskriptif kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku masyarakat yang tinggal di bantaran sungai melalui penyebaran kuesioner menggunakan uji frekuensi. Selain itu, metode kuantitatif juga digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas air melalui tes laboratorium menggunakan kriteria mutu air berdasarkan kelas I yang terdapat pada Peraturan Gubernur No. 16 Tahun 2005 tentang Baku Mutu Air Sungai dan Limbah Cair. Selanjutnya, untuk menentukan status mutu air digunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perilaku masyarakat dalam kegiatan PHBS dan sanitasi digunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui teknik triangulasi sumber data. Hasil analisis frekuensi diperoleh bahwa pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap kegiatan PHBS dan sanitasi rata-rata sudah berjalan baik, tetapi sekitar 20 persen masyarakat belum mengimplementasikan pengetahuannya dengan cenderung membuang sampah langsung ke sungai. Berdasarkan hasil uji lab nilai COD, BOD, NH3-N dan fosfat telah melampaui baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan, hal ini mengindikasikan adanya pencemaran hasil buangan limbah domestik dan industri. Hasil analisis status mutu air Sungai Sekanak dari muara hingga ke ujung hulu mengalami kondisi cemar ringan, sehingga tidak sesuai dengan kriteria mutu air yang ditetapkan. Selain itu, tingginya nilai fosfat menunjukkan adanya kandungan deterjen dalam air yang merupakan salah satu indikator dari adanya pencemaran sungai dari kegiatan MCK warga. Perilaku masyarakat yang masih membuang sampah ke sungai, adanya TPS-TPS ilegal yang berada di pinggiran sungai, serta belum tersedianya fasilitas IPAL komunal untuk mengolah limbah domestik dari rumah-rumah warga menyebabkan Sungai Sekanak masih terus tercemar.
An Examination of the Relationship Between the Functional Movement Screen, Landing Error Scoring System, and 3D Kinematic Data During a Drop Jump Task
Authors: Everard Eoin , Lyons Mark , Harrison Andrew J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Everard, E, Lyons, M, and Harrison, AJ. An examination of the relationship between the functional movement screen, landing error scoring system and 3D kinematic data during a drop jump task. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3012–3020, 2021—Tests such as the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) have become an established component of preparticipation screening. Despite their practical use, there is a lack of empirical evidence examining their relationship to established assessments of movement, such as 3D kinematics of a drop jump. Fifty-two male collegiate athletes undertook the LESS, FMS, and a drop jump where 3D lower-limb kinematic variables were assessed. Spearman correlations were conducted to examine the relationship between LESS, FMS, and drop-jump 3D kinematic variables. A series of independent t-tests examined differences in hip and knee kinematic variables in acceptable and poor FMS and LESS groups as determined by established cut-off scores. Landing Error Scoring System scores had significant moderate correlations with most kinematic variables (r = 0.35–0.64; p < 0.01). Subjects with poor LESS scores displayed significantly worse lower-limb kinematics compared with their high-scoring counterparts (effect size = 1.99–2.76, large effect). There were significant moderate correlations with maximal hip and knee flexion (r = 0.46 and 0.39 respectively; p < 0.01) and small or nonsignificant correlations between all other kinematic variables and FMS scores. Hip flexion and knee valgus at maximal displacement were the only kinematic variables significantly different between FMS groups (ES = 0.70–0.72, small-to-moderate effect). The results confirm limitations in the ability of the FMS to distinguish between groups for landing biomechanics.
The Reliability of Potential Fatigue-Monitoring Measures in Elite Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Fitzpatrick John F. , Hicks Kirsty M. , Russell Mark , Hayes Philip R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Fitzpatrick, JF, Hicks, KM, Russell, M, and Hayes, PR. The reliability of potential fatigue-monitoring measures in elite youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3448–3452, 2021—Monitoring fatigue is of vital importance to practitioners; however, logistics and concerns about reliability may impede the use of certain measures. This study aimed to quantify the reliability of potential measures of fatigue; a subjective wellness questionnaire, jump performance tests, and tri-axial accelerometer variables derived during submaximal shuttle running in elite youth soccer players. A secondary aim was to establish the minimum test duration that could be used for the submaximal shuttle run while maintaining good reliability. Seventeen male youth team players (age: 17.4 ± 0.5 years) were assessed on 2 occasions, spaced 7 days apart. Typical error, coefficient of variation (CV%), interclass correlation (ICC), and minimum detectable change were calculated for a subjective wellness questionnaire, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and drop jump contact time (DJ-CT), drop jump height (DJ-JH), and reactive strength (DJ-RSI). A novel submaximal shuttle running test was also used to assess tri-axial accelerometer data reliability. Results suggest that CMJ, SJ, DJ-CT, and DJ-RSI have good test-retest reliability (CV% = 4.5–7.7; ICC = 0.80–0.88); however DJ-JH did not show acceptable reliability (CV% = 6.0; ICC = 0.76). Good reliability was found for all tri-axial accelerometer variables during a 3-minute (2-minute analysis) submaximal shuttle run (CV% = 2.4–8.0; ICC = 0.81–0.95), except for % PlayerLoad anterior-posterior (%PLAP) (CV% = 7.2; ICC = 0.63). The subjective wellness questionnaire demonstrated poor reliability for all items (CV% = 11.2–30.0; ICC = 0.00–0.78). The findings from this study provide practitioners with valuable information about the reliability of a range of potential fatigue-monitoring measures. This can be used to help make accurate decisions about the magnitude of change in these assessments when used in practice.
Training Progression in Recreational Cyclists: No Linear Dose-Response Relationship With Training Load
Authors: Vermeire Kobe M. , Vandewiele Gilles , Caen Kevin , Lievens Maarten , Bourgois Jan G. , Boone Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Vermeire, KM, Vandewiele, G, Caen, K, Lievens, M, Bourgois, JG, and Boone, J. Training progression in recreational cyclists: no linear dose-response relationship with training load. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3500–3505, 2021—The purpose of the study was to assess the relationship between training load (TL) and performance improvement in a homogeneous group of recreational cyclists, training with a self-oriented training plan. Training data from 11 recreational cyclists were collected over a 12-week period. Before and after the training period, subjects underwent a laboratory incremental exercise test with blood lactate measurements to determine the power output associated with the aerobic threshold (PAT) and the anaerobic threshold (PANT), and the maximal power output (PMAX) was also determined. Mean weekly TL (calculated using the training impulse (TRIMP) of Banister, Edwards TRIMP, Lucia TRIMP and the individualized TRIMP) were correlated to the progression in fitness parameters using Pearson Correlation. Training intensity distribution (TID) was also determined (% in zone 1 as <AT; % in zone 2 as between AT and ANT; % in zone 3 as >ANT). No significant correlations between mean weekly TRIMP values and the improvement on PMAX (r = −0.22 to 0.08), PANT (r = −0.56 to −0.31) and PAT (r = −0.08 to 0.41) were found. The TID was significant in a multiple regression with PANT as dependent variable (y = 0.0088 + 0.1094 × Z1 − 0.2704 × Z2 + 1.0416 × Z3; p = 0.02; R
2 = 0.62). In conclusion, this study shows that the commonly used TRIMP methods to quantify TL do not show a linear dose-response relationship with performance improvement in recreational cyclists. Furthermore, the study shows that TID might be a key factor to establish a relationship with performance improvement.
Factors Affecting Intensity Whistleblowing of Employees on The Potential Fraud of The National Health Insurance Program
Authors: Triastuti Akyuning , Jati Sutopo Patria , Warsono Hardi 
Published: September 2019

The National Health Insurance Program (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional /JKN) is an effort by the Government to fulfillment of the basic needs of public health. However, this program is also susceptible to fraud. Hospital as the Secondary Level Reference Facility that collaborates with the Social Security Agency (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial/ BPJS) should establish a fraud prevention system in the JKN implementation. Employees’ positions are at the forefront to reveal various forms of fraudulence including those related to JKN by means of whistleblowing. The ‘Planned Behavior Theory’ analyzes the attitude, subjective norms and behavior control perception factors that affect the intention of JKN-claim related employees' to whistleblow. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of attitudinal factors, subjective norms and perceptions of behavioral control on the intention of employee whistleblowing behavior on JKN fraud programs in Hospital X Central Java Province
This study is a mixed-method study with a ‘sequential explanatory design’ approach. The study was started by using a quantitative method and then continued by means of qualitative method in order to produce a hopefully more complete study result.
The results of the study prove attitudes (p-value 0.038), subjective norms (p-value 0.040) and perceptions of behavioral control (p-value 0.005) jointly influence the intention of employee whistleblowing. From the results of the OR it can be seen the order of the three independent variables that have the largest to the smallest influence on employee whistleblowing intentions, namely perceptions of behavior control, attitudes and subjective norms. This can be a reference to the management priority scale to make efforts to increase the intention of employee whistleblowing in Hospital X and is expected to be able to change the "silent culture" into and "culture of openness”.
Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian mixed method dengan pendekatan sequential explanatory design. Diawali menggunakan metode kuantitatif dilanjutkan dengan metode kualitatif sehingga diharapkan diperoleh hasil penelitian yang lebih lengkap.
Hasil penelitian membuktikan persepsi kontrol perilaku, sikap, norma subyektif secara berurut paling berpengaruh terhadap intensi whistleblowing pegawai. Namun masih perlu dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatan persepsi kontrol perilaku, sikap, norma subyektif agar intensi whistleblowing dapat menjadi perilaku whistleblowing pegawai sehingga dampak negatif adanya fraud JKN bagi organisasi dapat dicegah.
MARSÍLIO DE PÁDUA SOBRE A TRANSLAÇÃO DO IMPÉRIO
Authors: Souza José Antônio de C. R. de 
Published: September 2019

O primeiro capítulo versa a respeito do objetivo do que há de ser tratado.
O segundo mostra de que modo o Império Romano permaneceu sem alteração durante trezentos e cinqüenta e quatro anos e cinco meses, governado por trinta e três imperadores.
O terceiro aborda porque os Orientais, a saber, os Persas, os Árabes, os Caldeus e outras nações limítrofes se subtraíram do domínio do Império Romano.
O quarto capítulo discorre sobre quais foram os principais povos que se rebelaram por causa das mencionadas circunstâncias.
O quinto trata do princípio e da àisposição relativa à transferência do Império dos Gregos para os Francos.
O sexto aborda de que modo Pepino, no tempo de Zacarias, papa romano, foi elevado de mordomo a rei dos Francos.
O sétimo capítulo discorre de que maneira Pepino, rei dos Francos, por solicitação da Igreja Romana, veio à Itália lutar contra Astolfo, rei dos Lombardos, o venceu e restituiu à Igreja Romana seus bens temporais.
O oitavo trata do modo como, no tempo do papa Adriano, Carlos Magno foi estabelecido patrício da cidade, e como lhe foi concedido o controle sobre a Sé Apostólica.
O nono mostra de que maneira foi efetuada a translação do Império Romano dos Gregos para os Francos.
O décimo considera como o Império foi transferido dos Francos ou Gauleses para os Germânicos.
O décimo primeiro discorre acerca do modo como foram estabelecidos os eleitores do Império Germânico.
O décimo segundo capítulo recapitula o que foi anteriormente abordado.
New polymorphism in the sodium channel gene of Rhipicephalus microplus tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) resistant to pyrethroids
Authors: RIVERA EDGAR DIAZ , Holguin Cespedes Gisella , Urrea Montes Daniel A. 
Published: September 2019

Rhipicephalus microplus, garrapata común de los bovinos, transmite patógenos que afectan la producción ganadera en áreas tropicales. Para su control se han utilizado compuestos piretroides cuyo uso inapropiado ha generado resistencia en esta especie de garrapata. El estudio de los mecanismos de resistencia hacia piretroides en R. microplus, ha demostrado la presencia de mutaciones en genes relacionados con su acción, ya sea de enzimas que inactivan el compuesto o de los canales del sodio, sitio blanco del acaricida. En Colombia, la primera fase del presente proyecto encontró una mutación en una esterasa hidrolizante en poblaciones de campo de R. microplus resistentes a piretroides. Como se ha demostrado que la resistencia a químicos en esta garrapata es multigénica, en su segunda fase el proyecto tuvo como objetivo principal detectar un polimorfismo en la posición 2134 del gen del canal del sodio. Esta mutación sustituye una timina por una adenina, T2134A, y ha sido relacionada previamente en otros países con resistencia a piretroides en los individuos portadores. Para ello se colectaron 182 garrapatas R. microplus en dos fincas con historial de resistencia a este tipo de acaricidas y se sometieron a una prueba de inmersión de hembras en una solución de cipermetrina preparada a la dosis recomendada por uso en campo, obteniendo seis individuos susceptibles, 92 resistentes y 84 medianamente resistentes. Se extrajo el ADN de todos los especímenes mediante el método fenol–cloroformo y se proceso por PCR convencional empleando cebadores alelo específicos para amplificar un segmento del dominio IIIS6 del gen del canal del sodio. Los amplicones resultantes se detectaron por electroforesis en geles de agarosa al 2% teñidos con GelRed® y se visualizaron con luz ultravioleta. De igual manera se efectuó el secuenciamiento de 20 muestras obtenidas en los tres fenotipos susceptible, medianamente resistente y resistente y las secuencias resultantes fueron alineadas mediante el programa Mega 7 y comparadas con secuencias almacenadas en el GenBank®. Los análisis mostraron que la población de R. microplus estudiada no presentaba la mutación esperada sino una mutación diferente en el sitio 2134. En el ADN de garrapatas resistentes y medianamente resistentes se observó la sustitución de una timina por una citosina, T2134C, que a la traducción genera el cambio de una fenilalanina por una leucina, a diferencia de la mutación previamente identificada, que genera el cambio de una fenilalanina por una isoleucina. Esto demuestra la presencia de un polimorfismo que no ha sido reportado en otros estudios con esta especie de garrapata y que generaría un nuevo marcador molecular de resistencia a piretroides para poblaciones de este acaro.
Palabras clave: garrapatas; resistencia a químicos; pesticidas; mutaciones; reacción en cadena de la polimerasa.