bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of a novel interactive mobile health platform to evaluate functional outcomes and pain following septoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Khanwalkar Ashoke R. , Shen Jasper , Kern Robert C. , Welch Kevin C. , Smith Stephanie S. , Tan Bruce K. , Conley David B. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundWhether for research or quality improvement, assessment of postoperative quality of life outcomes faces a challenge in reliable data collection. Typical coordinator‐led studies cite response rates from 35% to 70%. This study evaluates the utility of a digital patient engagement platform to track patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) following septoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).MethodsA prospective cohort was recruited at a tertiary care center from January 2017 to March 2018. A mobile phone application relayed PROMs, including pain (assessed on a 0 to 10 visual analogue scale [VAS] every other day for 2 weeks, as well as the patient‐reported outcome measure information system [PROMIS] pain interference short form 4a at baseline, 2 weeks, and 3 months) and timing of return to work.ResultsOf 288 patients enrolled, 249 (86.5%) provided clinical data, including 208 who underwent septoplasty or FESS. Granular VAS scores, submitted by 195 patients, demonstrated 80% of these patients achieved minimal pain by postoperative day 8. A nonsignificant trend of increased days to pain relief by procedure emerged: septoplasty (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 3.60 ± 2.44), FESS (3.96 ± 3.25), FESS with septoplasty (4.40 ± 3.04), and FESS with drilling (4.86 ± 3.68). Across procedures, PROMIS pain interference increased at 2 weeks (9.17 ± 4.15) and decreased at 3 months (5.32 ± 2.61) compared with baseline (7.09 ± 4.63), with greater improvement noted in the FESS subgroup at 3 months. Patients returned to work at mean 7.1 days regardless of procedure.ConclusionsWith its high response rate, mobile digital patient engagement platforms may effectively track postoperative outcomes with the potential for reduced sample bias.
Of Discomfort and Disagreement: Unclaimed Bodies in Anatomy Laboratories at United States Medical Schools
Authors: Caplan Ilan , DeCamp Matthew 
Published: December 2018

Use of unclaimed bodies for anatomy teaching in undergraduate medical education continues, but is ethically controversial. The purposes of this study were to estimate the proportion of United States (US) medical schools using unclaimed bodies in first‐year anatomy laboratories, to determine whether schools inform students of this use, and to explore anatomy course leaders’ attitudes toward unclaimed body use. Anatomy course leaders from 146 US medical schools that had independent preclinical programs including anatomy were surveyed. Survey results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and statistical tests of association. Free text responses were analyzed using a thematic editing style of qualitative content analysis. Of 89 responses (response rate, 61.0%), 11 schools (12.4%) reported possible use of unclaimed bodies. Course leaders from these schools reported greater comfort with using unclaimed bodies compared to leaders from other schools (P < 0.01). Although most course leaders (49/76, or 64.5%) believed it was important or very important to inform students about use of unclaimed bodies, respondents from schools where unclaimed bodies could be used were more neutral (P < 0.01). Qualitative findings revealed deep disagreement and contradictory views about how unclaimed body use relates to ethical principles of respect for persons and justice. Continued use of unclaimed bodies, varying levels of comfort with their use, and disagreement about the practices’ underlying morality suggest a need for greater ethical reflection about the permissibility of unclaimed body use in clinical anatomy and for educational interventions that teach students about its history, ethics, and contemporary practice.
Faster eye movements in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kovarski Klara , Siwiaszczyk Marine , Malvy Joëlle , Batty Magali , Latinus Marianne 
Published: December 2018

Atypical visual exploration of both social and nonsocial scenes is often reported in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with less precise and longer saccades, potentially reflecting difficulties in oculomotor control. To assess a subset of oculomotor functions in ASD, 20 children with ASD and 21 age‐matched typically developing (TD) children (2.6–11.5 years) partook in three tasks of increasing complexity, while no explicit instruction was provided: a prosaccade gap task, a color and a “categorical” visual search tasks (a face among butterflies and vice‐versa). In addition to classical saccade metrics, we measured Distance error, (the distance between the target and the closest gaze position) and Time‐to‐target (the time taken to reach the target). In the prosaccade task, children with ASD were as accurate as TD children, yet faster to reach the stimulus. In the color visual search task, children with ASD were faster but less precise than TD children. In the categorical visual search, while TD children were more precise in orienting their gaze towards the face, children with ASD performed similarly in the two conditions; Time‐to‐target did not differ.Our results provide contradictory evidence regarding enhanced visual search ability in ASD: when considering response times, enhanced visual search performance was found in one task only, while when considering gaze precision no advantage was found. These three experiments demonstrate that the automatic saccadic system may function more rapidly in children with ASD. Nonetheless, a diminished sensitivity to bottom–up saliency and top–down influence might suppress this advantage in more complex visual environments. Autism Res 2019, 12: 212–224 © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay summaryThree experiments with no instructions were designed to assess oculomotor functions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In a saccade task, children with ASD were faster than but as accurate as control children. In visual search tasks, accuracy and speed decreased with increasing complexity of visual environment. Children with ASD showed faster automatic visual orientation, but this might hinder exploratory behaviors, leading to difficulties in complex and social situations.
Methods for designing and assessing biorefineries: Review
Authors: Aristizábal‐Marulanda Valentina , Cardona Alzate Carlos A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis is a review of work on the potential of biorefineries. First, it considers the concept of a refinery, the differences between biomass and oil, and the advantages of a biorefinery over a refinery. It goes on to describe the bio‐based economy and biorefinery concepts, and to discuss its origin as a promising alternative to dependence on non‐renewable feedstocks. It provides an exhaustive description of the classification of biorefineries, considering aspects such as systems, technological implementation status, size, feedstocks, platforms, products, and conversion processes. It outlines the main methodologies for designing biorefineries – conceptual design, optimization, and the ‘early stage’ method. Methodologies for the economic, environmental, and social assessment of a biorefinery are presented. Finally, challenges linked to the implementation of biorefinery projects at industrial level are discussed. The authors conclude that the methodologies of conceptual design and optimization must complement each other to achieve a robust design from a conceptual and mathematical point of view. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New trends in application of nanotechnology for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass
Authors: Ingle Avinash P. , Chandel Anuj K. , Antunes Felipe A. F. , Rai Mahendra , da Silva Silvio S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPretreatment is an inevitable step in the bioethanol / biochemicals production process in which lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is converted to fermentable sugars. It has a large impact onprocess cost, constituting approximately 40% of total processing cost of bioethanol or biochemicalproduction. Several physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological pretreatment approaches are available but there are certain limitations to the use of all of these methods on a large scale, which mainly include high processing costs, the generation of toxic inhibitors, and the detoxification of the inhibitors generated. These limitations collectively restrict the use of the existing methods andwarrants for the development of a novel, efficient, cost‐effective, and ecofriendly approach for the pretreatment of LB. In this context, nanotechnology‐based pretreatment methods, involving the use of various nanomaterials, have been proposed. The smaller size of nanomaterials makes them more efficient in penetrating the cell walls of LB and hence such nanomaterials can readily interact with the lignocellulosic components at low severity to release carbohydrates to be used for bioethanol and / or biochemical production.This review provides a brief description of various existing pretreatment methods and their advantages and disadvantages. It also presents a critical overview of the application of various nanotechnological methods in the pretreatment of different lignocellulosic substrates. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Effect of early tirofiban administration on N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide level in patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Fabris Enrico , Ottervanger Jan Paul , Hermanides Renicus S. , ten Berg Jurrien M. , Sinagra Gianfranco , Koopmans Petra C. , Giannitsis Evangelos , Hamm Christian , van ‘t Hof Arnoud W. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the potential association between early tirofiban treatment and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) level after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundWhether the use of adjunctive early glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) therapy, may affect the level of NT‐proBNP after primary PCI is poorly studied.MethodsNine hundred and eighty four ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing primary PCI were randomized to either pre‐hospital tirofiban administration or placebo. NT‐proBNP levels were evaluated on admission before angiography (baseline) and 18–96 hr after PCI.ResultsThere were 918 (93.3%) patients with NT‐proBNP values available at baseline and 865 (87.9%) post‐PCI. Post‐PCI NT‐proBNP level dichotomized with median value as cut‐off (968.8 pg/mL, IQR 430.9–1970.0) was significantly lower in patients treated with early tirofiban as compared to placebo (45.5% vs. 54.2% P = 0.011). At multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of post‐PCI NT‐proBNP level above the median were: NT‐proBNP baseline level (OR 5.19; 95% CI, 2.92–9.25, P < 0.001), Killip class>I (OR 4.07; 95% CI 1.24–13.36, P = 0.021), anterior infarct location (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.84–3.70, P < 0.001), age (years) (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.03–1.06, P < 0.001), male gender (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.26–0.57, P < 0.001), prior PCI (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.27–0.90, P = 0.021) and tirofiban administration (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.51–0.99; P = 0.045).ConclusionsIn a large cohort of STEMI patients, pre‐hospital tirofiban administration was independently associate with a lower risk of high NT‐proBNP level after primary PCI, supporting the potential benefit of early antithrombotic treatment administration in STEMI patients.The trial is registered under No. ISRCTN06195297.
Meta‐analysis of drug eluting stents compared with bare metal stents in high bleeding risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Neupane Saroj , Khawaja Owais , Edla Sushruth , Singh Hemindermeet , Othman Hussein , Bossone Eduardo , Yamasaki Hiroshi , Rosman Howard S. , Eggebrecht Holger , Mehta Rajendra H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the efficacy and safety of drug‐eluting stents (DESs) and bare metal stents (BMSs) when used with short or tailored dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in high bleeding risk (HBR) patients.BackgroundDES have been shown to reduce target lesion revascularization (TLR) as well as stent thrombosis (ST) compared to BMS in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, patients at HBR continue to receive BMS given the fear of bleeding or ST from premature discontinuation of DAPT in patients receiving DES.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials by performing systematic search for studies comparing DES with BMS in HBR patients using PUBMED, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central, reported until March 1, 2018.ResultsThree randomized controlled studies met the inclusion criteria with total of 4,460 patients; 50% received DES. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE); composite of death, myocardial infarction (MI), and TLR, at 1 year was significantly lower (RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.50–0.80) in DES group compared to BMS. This difference was primarily driven by lower TLR (RR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.35–0.61) in DES group. Definite or probable ST (RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.32–1.08) and major (RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.74–1.20) bleeding were similar.ConclusionsDES was associated with lower MACE without increased risk of bleeding or ST compared to BMS when used with short or tailored DAPT in patients with HBR.
Multiresponse and multiobjective latent variable optimization of modern analytical instrumentation for the quantification of chemically related families of compounds: Case study—Solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) applied to the quantification of analytes with impact on wine aroma
Authors: Reis Marco S. , Pereira Ana C. , Leça João M. , Rodrigues Pedro M. , Marques José C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe optimized operation of modern analytical instrumentation is a critical but complex task. It involves the simultaneous consideration of a large number of factors, both qualitative and quantitative, where multiple responses should be quantified and several goals need to be adequately pondered, such as global quantification performance, selectivity, and cost. Furthermore, the problem is highly case specific, depending on the type of instrument, target analytes, and media where they are dispersed. Therefore, an optimization procedure should be conducted frequently, which implies that it should be efficient (requiring a low number of experiments), as simple as possible (from experimental design to data analysis) and informative (interpretable and conclusive). The success of this task is fundamental for achieving the scientific goals and to justify, in the long run, the high economic investments made and significant costs of operation. In this article, we present a systematic optimization procedure for the prevalent class of situations where multiple responses are available regarding a family of chemical compounds (instead of a single analyte). This class of problems conducts to responses exhibiting mutual correlations, for which, furthermore, several goals need to be simultaneously considered. Our approach explores the latent variable structure of the responses created by the chemical affinities of the compounds under analysis and the orthogonality of the interpretable extracted components to conduct their simultaneous optimization with respect to different analysis goals. The proposed methodology was applied to a real case study involving the quantification of a family of analytes with impact on wine aroma.
Recent Advances in Fullerene‐free Polymer Solar Cells: Materials and Devices
Authors: Xu Ye , Yao Huifeng , Hou Jianhui 
Published: December 2018

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?We focus on developing new organic photovoltaic materials and exploring their applications in photovoltaic devices. Based on the new materials, we can figure out the correlations among chemical strictures, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic behaviors. Our group originally demonstrated quite a few build blocks for making conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications, some of them have been broadly used by the researchers in the field.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I got into this field when I was a graduate student in 2002, just because my supervisor gave me a research topic for synthesis of new conjugated polymers. At that moment, as a fresh graduate student, I had no chance to say yes or no, but to do it.The field of organic solar cells is oriented by the new organic photovoltaic materials. In the past decades, the materials have been updated for a few generations, which promoted the device performance to be higher and closer to practical applications. We have to concentrate on the fundamental problems but also need to follow the pace of the filed.How do you supervise your students?In my opinion, the students need more specific projects to get into the field so as to be well trained at the beginning. In the later stage, I prefer to encourage them to find and creatively figure out the real fundamental problems. I used to give them a few questions: Why do you need to do this project? How to make a clear definition for the problem? Can you suggest a new and better approach to solve it?What is the most important personality for scientific research?Passion, perseverance and sense of innovation.What is your favorite journal(s)?The journals publishing the latest and/or systematic research works in chemistry and material science.
Efficacy and Safety Exposure‐Response Analyses of Olaparib Capsule and Tablet Formulations in Oncology Patients
Authors: Zhou Diansong , Li Jianguo , Learoyd Maria , Bui Khanh , Berges Alienor , Milenkova Tsveta , Al‐Huniti Nidal , Tomkinson Helen , Xu Hongmei 
Published: December 2018

Olaparib is a poly ADP‐ribose polymerase inhibitor that induces synthetic lethality in tumors with deficient homologous recombination repair. Population exposure‐response analyses were performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of olaparib exposure in patients with cancer. Data from multiple phase I/II/III clinical studies from both capsule and tablet formulations were combined for efficacy (N = 410) and safety (N = 757) analyses. Exposure‐progression‐free survival (Cox proportional hazards model indicated that a 300 mg b.i.d. tablet was statistically superior to the 200 mg b.i.d. tablet dose (hazard ratio of 0.96), although the difference was small. Exposure‐safety logistic regression models and hemoglobin models predicted similar probability of safety events or hemoglobin decrease with largely overlapping 95% confidence intervals at 300 mg b.i.d. tablet, 200 mg b.i.d. tablet, and 400 mg b.i.d. capsule. The analyses provided key assessments to support the approval of olaparib 300 mg tablet therapeutic dose in patients with ovarian and breast cancer, regardless of their breast cancer (BRCA) mutation status.
Prospective comparison of cytological specimen adequacy assessment by different rapid staining techniques for rapid on‐site evaluation in fine needle aspiration cytology and their cost‐effectiveness
Authors: Agarwal Priyanjali , Toi Pampa Ch , Subramaniam Hema , Apoorva Lakshmi S. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveRapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) is a technique beneficial in determining the adequacy of the samples, thereby increasing the diagnostic yield, useful in triage of specimens for ancillary studies and can also help determine a preliminary diagnosis in emergency cases. The different rapid stains for on‐site evaluation described in the literature are diff quik, toluidine blue (TB), brilliant cresyl blue (BCB), ultra‐fast Pap stains, and rapid hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). This study was undertaken as there is sparse literature regarding the best and the most cost‐effective rapid stain.MethodFine needle aspiration samples from 200 patients with palpable swellings in easily accessible regions were taken. Smears stained by rapid and routine stains were assessed based on four parameters, with provisional diagnosis on the rapid stained smears. A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the rapid stains was carried out with appropriate statistical tests with the routinely stained smears as gold standard.ResultsThere was adequate material in 100% of ROSE smears. rapid pap stained smears showed well preserved cytoplasmic details, nuclear details, and background details. The time taken was least with TB and BCB being 5 s each. The most cost‐effective was found to be TB.ConclusionsWe conclude that TB is the most cost‐effective, quick, least labor‐intensive, and reliable rapid stain for ROSE especially in resource‐poor settings.
Adaptive variation, including local adaptation, requires decades to become evident in common gardens
Authors: Germino Matthew J. , Moser Ann M. , Sands Alan R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPopulation‐level adaptation to spatial variation in factors such as climate and soils is critical for climate‐vulnerability assessments, restoration seeding, and other ecological applications in species management, and the underlying information is typically based on common‐garden studies that are short duration. Here, we show >20 yr were required for adaptive differences to emerge among 13 populations of a widespread shrub (sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata ssp wyomingensis) collected from around the western United States and planted into common gardens. Additionally, >10 yr were required for greater survival of local populations, that is, local adaptation, to become evident. Variation in survival was best explained by the combination of populations’ home ecoregion combined with grouping of minimum temperature and aridity. Additional reductions in survival were explained by ungrouped (i.e., continuous) measures of garden‐to‐population‐origin separation in geographic distance (5% decrease in survival per 100 km increase in separation; R2 = 0.22) and especially in minimum temperature in younger plants (−4% per + °C difference, R2 = 0.56 vs. 0.29 in the 14th vs. 27th post‐planting years, respectively). Longer‐term common garden studies are needed. While we await them, uncertainty in adaptive variation resulting from short‐term observations could be quantitatively estimated and reported with seed‐transfer guidelines to reduce risks of introducing maladapted provenances in restoration.