bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of Eccentric, Concentric, and Eccentric-Concentric Isotonic Resistance Training at Two Velocities on Strength and Muscle Hypertrophy
Authors: Ünlü Gürcan , Çevikol Can , Melekoğlu Tuba 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Ünlü, G, Çevikol, C, and Melekoğlu, T. Comparison of the effects of eccentric, concentric, and eccentric-concentric isotonic resistance training at two velocities on strength and muscle hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 34(2): 337–344, 2020—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of concentric, eccentric, and eccentric-concentric isotonic resistance training at both fast and slow velocities to determine whether contraction modality affects muscle strength and hypertrophy. Forty-one young, healthy males (mean age 21.1 ± 1.8 years; height 178.9 ± 6.1 cm; body mass 70.5 ± 9.8 kg; and body mass index 22.0 ± 2.6 kg·m−2) were randomly assigned for 12 weeks to 1 of 5 resistance training groups to perform leg extension exercises 3 days a week (fast-eccentric; fast-concentric [FC]; slow-eccentric [SE]; slow-concentric; and concentric-eccentric [CE], 30°·s−1 for slow and 180°·s−1 for fast contractions), or to a nontraining control group (CG). Isotonic strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]), isokinetic strength (peak torque), and quadriceps femoris muscle volume were measured before and after the 12 weeks of training program. In the early phase of the training period (first 3 weeks), the 1RM values of SE, FC, and CE increased remarkably (19.70, 13.73, and 19.35%, respectively; p < 0.05). Significant increases compared with the CG were found for muscle isotonic strength (∼25–41%, p < 0.001) and isokinetic peak torque at 60°·s−1 (∼13–32%, p < 0.05) in all training groups after the 12 weeks of the training period. No statistically significant interactions between the group and time were found on isokinetic peak torques at 180°·s−1 and muscle volume. Our results, therefore, suggest that all the training modalities in our study have the potential to induce isotonic strength gain in knee extensors, and there is insufficient evidence for the superiority of any specific mode of muscle contraction or velocity.
Effects of Physical Exercise on the Expression of MicroRNAs: A Systematic Review
Authors: Silva Franciele Cascaes da , Iop Rodrigo da Rosa , Andrade Alexandro , Costa Vitor Pereira , Gutierres Filho Paulo José Barbosa , Silva Rudney da 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Silva, FCd, Iop, RdR, Andrade, A, Costa, VP, Gutierres Filho, PJB, and Silva, Rd. Effects of physical exercise on the expression of microRNAs: A systematic review 34(1): 270–280, 2020—Studies have detected changes in the expression of miRNAs after physical exercise, which brings new insight into the molecular control of adaptation to exercise. Therefore, the objective of the current systematic review of experimental and quasiexperimental studies published in the past 10 years was to assess evidence related to acute effects, chronic effects, and both acute and chronic effects of physical exercise on miRNA expression in humans, as well as its functions, evaluated in serum, plasma, whole blood, saliva, or muscle biopsy. For this purpose, the following electronic databases were selected: MEDLINE by Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and also a manual search in references of the selected articles to April 2017. Experimental and quasiexperimental studies were included. Results indicate that, of the 345 studies retrieved, 40 studies met the inclusion criteria and two articles were included as a result of the manual search. The 42 studies were analyzed, and it can be observed acute and chronic effects of physical exercises (aerobic and resistance) on the expression of several miRNAs in healthy subjects, athletes, young, elderly and in patients with congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus type 2 associated with morbid obesity, prediabetic, and patients with intermittent claudication. It is safe to assume that miRNA changes, both in muscle tissues and bodily fluids, are presumably associated with the benefits induced by acute and chronic physical exercise. Thus, a better understanding of changes in miRNAs as a response to physical exercise might contribute to the development of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for the improvement of exercise capacity in individuals with any given disease. However, additional studies are necessary to draw accurate conclusions.
Effects of Maturation on Physical Fitness Adaptations to Plyometric Drop Jump Training in Male Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Vera-Assaoka Tiago , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Alvarez Cristian , Garcia-Pinillos Felipe , Moran Jason , Gentil Paulo , Behm David 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Vera-Assaoka, T, Ramirez-Campillo, R, Alvarez, C, Garcia-Pinillos, F, Moran, J, Gentil, P, and Behm, D. Effects of maturation on physical fitness adaptations to plyometric drop jump training in male youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2760–2768, 2020—The objective of this study was to compare the effects of maturation on physical fitness adaptations to a twice weekly, 7-week plyometric drop jump training program. Seventy-six young male soccer players (aged 10–16 years) participated in this randomized controlled trial. Before and after the intervention, a physical fitness test battery was applied (countermovement jump; drop jump from 20 to 40 cm; 5 multiple bounds test; 20-m sprint time; change of direction speed; 2.4-km running time-trial; 5 repetition maximum [RM] squat; and maximal kicking distance). Participants were randomly divided into an active soccer-control group (CG) with Tanner stage maturation of 1–3 (CG-early; n = 16) or Tanner stage 4–5 (CG-late; n = 22), and to plyometric drop jump training groups with Tanner stage 1–3 (plyometric jump training [PJT]-early; n = 16) or 4–5 (PJT-late; n = 22). The analysis of variance and effect size (ES) measures revealed that when compared with their age-matched controls, the PJT-early (ES = 0.39–1.58) and PJT-late (ES = 0.21–0.65) groups showed greater improvements (p < 0.05) in sprint time, 2.4-km running time-trial, change of direction speed, 5RM squat, jumping, and kicking distance. The PJT-early exceeded the PJT-late group with greater (p < 0.05) improvements in drop jump from 20 cm (ES = 1.58 vs. 0.51) and 40 cm (ES = 0.71 vs. 0.4) and kicking distance (ES = 0.95 vs. 0.65). Therefore, a 7-week plyometric drop jump training program was effective in improving physical fitness traits in both younger and older male youth soccer players, with greater jumping and kicking adaptations in the less-mature athletes.
Decades in Death’s Twilight
Authors: Gray Emily 
Published: April 2019

The average amount of time that death row inmates spend on death row has ballooned over the past decade, and for death row inmates in the state of Texas, the entire duration of that increased time will be spent in solitary confinement. This raises the following question: Is solitary confinement now considered to be part of the punishment, one that may be worse than the death penalty itself?
This article discusses the history of solitary confinement in U.S. prisons and cites scientific literature which posits that long-term solitary confinement can cause serious psychological damage. It examines “death row syndrome,” a term that refers to the psychological illness or disorder exhibited by an inmate who has spent a prolonged period of time in harsh conditions on death row. The article reviews the Polunsky Unit, which currently houses Texas’s death row and has been described as one of the worst prisons in the United States. The article also discusses the long history of Lackey claims, which allege that prolonged confinements under a death sentence breach the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. The unresolved dissent within the Supreme Court regarding this subject is presented and discussed. This article contends that the prolonged solitary confinement of a Texas inmate on death row is a violation of the Eighth Amendment, and concludes that the only solution is to end the practice of automatic and permanent solitary confinement.
Emergency treatment of adrenal crisis with prednisone suppositories: a bioequivalence study in female patients with Addison’s disease
Authors: Burger-Stritt Stephanie , Bachmann Linda , Kurlbaum Max , Hahner Stefanie 
Published: April 2019

Objective
Patients with adrenal insufficiency (AI) need to adapt their glucocorticoid replacement under stressful conditions to prevent adrenal crisis (AC). Prednisone (PN) suppositories are used for emergency treatment. Pharmacokinetics of 100 mg PN suppositories after vaginal or rectal administration was evaluated.

Design
Single-center, open-label, sequence-randomized, cross-over, bioequivalence study.

Methods
Twelve females with primary AI were included. Comparison of pharmacokinetics after vaginal and rectal administration of 100 mg PN suppositories. Main outcome measures: bioequivalence (Cmax: maximum plasma concentration of prednisolone; AUC0
–360: area under the plasma concentration curve of prednisolone from administration to 360 min), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) levels, safety and tolerability. Comparison of ACTH-suppressive effect with subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of 100 mg hydrocortisone.

Results
Vaginal administration of PN suppositories was not bioequivalent to rectal administration: Cmax and AUC0–360 were significantly lower after vaginal compared to rectal administration: 22 ng/mL (109%) vs 161 ng/mL (28%), P < 0.001; 4390 ng/mL * min (116%) vs 40,302 ng/mL * min (26%), P < 0.001; (mean (coefficient of variation), respectively). A suppression of ACTH by >50% of baseline values was observed 149 min (32%) after rectal PN administration; after vaginal PN administration, the maximum decrease within 360 min was only 44%. Adverse events were more frequent after vaginal administration and mainly attributable to the glucocorticoid deficit due to inadequate vaginal absorption. The ACTH-suppressive effect was more pronounced after parenteral hydrocortisone compared to rectal or vaginal PN.

Conclusion
Vaginal administration of PN suppositories in the available form is not useful for prevention of AC. Pharmacokinetics after rectal use of PN show inferiority compared to available data on parenteral glucocorticoids. In adrenal emergencies, hydrocortisone injection should be the first choice.
The Role of Insulators in Transgene Transvection in Drosophila
Authors: Piwko Pawel , Vitsaki Ilektra , Livadaras Ioannis , Delidakis Christos 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Precise activity of a gene requires its promoter to be matched with an appropriate enhancer. Insulators are DNA elements which can limit inappropriate enhancer-promoter interactions. More recently, their ability to stimulate gene activity has been also recognized...
Transvection is the phenomenon where a transcriptional enhancer activates a promoter located on the homologous chromosome. It has been amply documented in Drosophila where homologs are closely paired in most, if not all, somatic nuclei, but it has been known to rarely occur in mammals as well. We have taken advantage of site-directed transgenesis to insert reporter constructs into the same genetic locus in Drosophila and have evaluated their ability to engage in transvection by testing many heterozygous combinations. We find that transvection requires the presence of an insulator element on both homologs. Homotypic trans-interactions between four different insulators can support transvection: the gypsy insulator (GI), Wari, Fab-8 and 1A2; GI and Fab-8 are more effective than Wari or 1A2. We show that, in the presence of insulators, transvection displays the characteristics that have been previously described: it requires homolog pairing, but can happen at any of several loci in the genome; a solitary enhancer confronted with an enhancerless reporter is sufficient to drive transcription; it is weaker than the action of the same enhancer-promoter pair in cis, and it is further suppressed by cis-promoter competition. Though necessary, the presence of homotypic insulators is not sufficient for transvection; their position, number and orientation matters. A single GI adjacent to both enhancer and promoter is the optimal configuration. The identity of enhancers and promoters in the vicinity of a trans-interacting insulator pair is also important, indicative of complex insulator-enhancer-promoter interactions.
A Novel Icterometer for Hyperbilirubinemia Screening in Low-Resource Settings
Authors: Lee Anne CC , Folger Lian V. , Rahman Mahmoodur , Ahmed Salahuddin , Bably Nazmun Nahar , Schaeffer Lauren , Whelan Rachel , Panchal Pratik , Rahman Sayedur , Roy Arun Dutta , Baqui Abdullah H. 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:
Severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (&gt;20 mg/dL) affects ∼1 million infants annually. Improved jaundice screening in low-income countries is needed to prevent bilirubin encephalopathy and mortality.

METHODS:
The Bili-ruler is an icterometer for the assessment of neonatal jaundice that was designed by using advanced digital color processing. A total of 790 newborns were enrolled in a validation study at Brigham and Women’s Hospital (Boston) and Sylhet Osmani Medical College Hospital (Sylhet, Bangladesh). Independent Bili-ruler measurements were made and compared with reference standard transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) and total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentrations.

RESULTS:
Bili-ruler scores on the nose were correlated with TcB and TSB levels (r = 0.76 and 0.78, respectively). The Bili-ruler distinguished different clinical thresholds of hyperbilirubinemia, defined by TcB, with high sensitivity and specificity (score ≥3.5: 90.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 84.8%–95.4%] and 85.9% [95% CI: 83.2%–88.6%], respectively, for TcB ≥13 mg/dL). The Bili-ruler also performed reasonably well compared to TSB (score ≥3.5: sensitivity 84.5% [95% CI: 79.1%–90.3%] and specificity 83.2% [95% CI: 76.1%–90.3%] for TSB ≥11 mg/dL). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for identifying TcB ≥11, ≥13, and ≥15 were 0.92, 0.93, and 0.94, respectively, and 0.90, 0.87, and 0.86 for identifying TSB ≥11, ≥13, and ≥15. Interrater reliability was high; 97% of scores by independent readers fell within 1 score of one another (N = 88).

CONCLUSIONS:
The Bili-ruler is a low-cost, noninvasive tool with high diagnostic accuracy for neonatal jaundice screening. This device may be used to improve referrals from community or peripheral health centers to higher-level facilities with capacity for bilirubin testing and/or phototherapy.
Building basic visual perceptions of students of pedagogy unprepared for communicating with visual arts
Authors: Tineva-Gyurkovska Katya , Zlateva Ani 
Published: April 2019

This research contains certain pedagogical problems concerning the basic visual perceptions of the students from the pre-school and primary school education specialty at the Faculty of Education in Trakya University, reviewed on theoretical and analytical level. People studying to become primary school teachers are expected to teach the subject Art in their future pedagogical carrier, but they are often unprepared for communicating with the visual arts. They don't have former knowledge in this area. That is why the aims of this article are connected to presenting the real "picture" of their level of perception when in touch with pieces of art in a museum environment. The stages of understanding, perceiving and free usage of the Art terminology are being tracked.
Two aspects are concerned in theoretical plan: Ideas of some of the greatest Art theoreticians concerning the stages of development of the visual perceptions, viewed from artistic, psychological and pedagogical point of view. How students can assimilate and apply them in direct communication with visual arts. The article marks the meaning, role and place of Art galleries and museums in the pedagogical process of future and current teachers and art pedagogues.
On empirical level this article systematizes the problems connected with the methodology of Fine Arts education, and more specifically with this part, related to the application of their knowledge of theory, art history and interpretation of pieces of art. Based on this pedagogical analysis the article makes some important conclusions for the level of competence and abilities to assimilate objects connected to the visual arts.
A serdülőkori pszichológiai jóllét multidimenzionális mérőeszköze: Az EPOCH kérdőív magyar változatának (EPOCH-H) pszichometriai jellemzői
Authors: Láng András 
Published: April 2019

Elméleti háttér
A pszichológiai jóllét a pozitív pszichológia egyik legfontosabb kutatási területe. Az elmúlt tíz évben tapasztalható fejlődést az elméleti modellek területén a mérőeszközök is követik. Ugyanakkor serdülőkorban még életkorilag nem várható el a pszichológiai jóllét összetevőinek teljes kibomlása. Erre a kihívásra ad választ az Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, and Happiness Measure (EPOCH kérdőív).

Cél
A vizsgálat célja az EPOCH kérdőív magyar adaptálása volt. Ennek során a magyarra fordított kérdőív strukturális megbízhatóságát, konkurrens, diszkrimináns és inkrementális validitását vizsgálatuk.

Módszer
A vizsgálatban 758, 14–19 év közötti középiskolás vett részt. Szülői beleegyezés után egy kérdőívcsomagot töltöttek ki, amely az EPOCH kérdőív magyar fordításán kívül általános jóllétet, élettel való elégedettséget, szükségletkielégítettséget és általános kötődést mérő kérdőíveket tartalmazott.

Eredmények
A konfirmatív (megerősítő) faktorelemzés alapján adataink jól illeszkedtek az eredeti modellel azonos ötfaktoros struktúrához. Az egyéb kérdőívekkel mutatott átlagosan közepes erősségű korrelációs együtthatók alapján elmondhatjuk, hogy az EPOCH-H kérdőív dimenziói megfelelő mértékben vágnak egybe és térnek el a jóllét hagyományosan mért mutatóitól. Az EPOCH-H kérdőív dimenziói a hagyományos jóllétmutatók hatását kontrollálva is szignifikáns kapcsolatot mutattak az általános kötődés és a pszichológiai szükséglet-kielégítettség dimenzióival.

Következtetések
Az EPOCH-H kérdőív egy életkorilag adekvát, a nemzetközi főáram elméleti modelljeihez jól illeszkedő mérőeszközt kínál azon kutatóknak, akik a serdülők jóllétét önkitöltős eszközzel és több dimenzió mentén kívánják vizsgálni.
Review of attachment interventions in eating disorders: Implications for psychotherapy
Authors: Szalai Tamás Dömötör 
Published: April 2019

Background
Attachment theory has been used in personalized treatments since decades. It is a major framework for understanding images of the self, affect regulation, reflective functions and interpersonal relationships. The improvement of attachment functioning is associated with positive treatment outcomes in eating disorders. However, attachment interventions have not been summarized in their psychotherapy.

Aims
The aim was to review the relevance of attachment features in the psychotherapy of eating disorders.

Methods
A literature review was carried out for empirical review and case studies, using the terms “eating disorder” and “attachment” from 1987 until 2017. From the 320 matches, 50 relevant studies were integrated into this review.

Results
The relationship between dysfunctional attachment and eating disorders could be conceptualized in seven ways, including transgenerational transmissions and mediator personality traits. Attachment can mediate between early experiences and adult symptoms, between intra- and interpersonal experiences, or may moderate the relationship between the risk factors and maladaptive eating. Attachment features also display a direct relationship with eating disorders, or may underlie their maintaining mechanisms. Nine psychotherapeutically relevant mediator factors could be identified, namely the patient’s self-concept and emotion-regulation, the conflation of self-esteem and body satisfaction, a sensitive interpersonal style, levels of perfectionism, depression, alexithymia, mentalization and reflective functions.

Conclusions
The assessment of attachment dysfunctions in the individual symptomatology may facilitate personalized case models. For patients with severe attachment dysfunctions, multimodal psychotherapies targeting the described focal points could be recommended. Randomized, controlled studies are required to test the efficacy of the interventions summarized, and to determine indications.
CONCENTRATION OF SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ON CLOGGING OF DRIP EMITTERS
Authors: Gonçalves Dayane Rodrigues , Medeiros Pedro Robinson , Teles Elton Vieira , Santos Gabiane Souza , Nascimento Roberto Castro , Fernandes Francisco Max 
Published: April 2019

CONCENTRATION OF SINGLE SUPERPHOSPHATE ON CLOGGING OF DRIP EMITTERS

DAYANE RODRIGUES GONÇALVES1; PEDRO RÓBINSON FERNANDES DE MEDEIROS1; ELTON CARLOS PEREIRA VIEIRA DE ALENCAR TELES1; GABIANE SOUZA DOS SANTOS1; ROBERTO CASTRO NASCIMENTO1 E FRANCISCO MAX FERNANDES DO NASCIMENTO2

1Colegiado de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, 510, Country Club, CEP: 48902-300, Juazeiro, BA, Brasil. E-mail: pedro.fernandes@univasf.edu.br
2Colegiado de Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. Antônio Carlos Magalhães, 510, Country Club, CEP: 48902-300, Juazeiro, BA, Brasil. E-mail: eng.maxfernandes@outlook.com

1 ABSTRACT

The localized irrigation systems are most suitable to fertigation uses, when compared to sprinkle, but are affected by the clogging of drip emitters, influencing the uniformity of the irrigation system. This study aims to analyze the susceptibility of on-line drippers under fertigation with single superphosphate to the clogging. This study was done at the Irrigation Laboratory of UNIVASF, Juazeiro-BA campus, Brazil. Two on-line non-pressure compensating drippers with different flow rates were used, both with the same operating pressure (150 kPa). The parameters analyzed were mean flow, relative flow rate, standard deviation, coefficient of flow rate variation, the CUC, DU, SUC and HUC, and clogging degree. The results show that the concentration used for single superphosphate showed no risk of clogging of the drip emitters during system runtime.

Keyworks: drip irrigation system, non-pressure compensating drippers, application efficiency

GONÇALVES, D. R.; MEDEIROS, P. R. F.; TELES, E. C. P. V. A.; SANTOS, G. S.; NASCIMENTO, R. C.; NASCIMENTO, F. M. F.
CONCENTRAÇÃO DE SUPERFOSFATO SIMPLES NA OBSTRUÇÃO DE GOTEJADORES

2 RESUMO

Os sistemas de irrigação localizada são os mais indicados para uso na fertirrigação quando comparado com a aspersão, porém são afetados pela obstrução influenciando na uniformidade dos mesmos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a susceptibilidade ao entupimento de gotejadores tipo online sob fertirrigação com superfosfato simples. Esse trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório de Irrigação da UNIVASF, campus Juazeiro- BA. Foram utilizados dois emissores do tipo gotejadores online não autocompensantes com diferentes vazões, ambos com a mesma pressão de serviço (150 kPa). Avaliou- se os parâmetros vazão média, vazão relativa, desvio padrão, coeficiente de variação de vazão, os coeficientes CUC, CUD, CUE e CUH e grau de entupimento. Os resultados demonstram que a concentração utilizada de superfosfato simples não apresentou riscos de obstrução dos emissores durante o tempo de funcionamento do sistema.

Palavras chave: irrigação localizada, gotejadores não compensados, eficiência de aplicação