bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cocrystals of Naphthalenediols with Aliphatic Amines and Their Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Khakhlary Prithiviraj , Singh Munendra P. , Bhuyan Arnav , Baruah Jubaraj B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe cocrystals of 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene with 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco), hexamethylenetetramine (hmta) and piperazine are studied. The cocrystal 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene with dabco was obtained as hydrate; it has dihydroxynaphthalene‐water chains holding the dabco. Similar piperizine cocrystal is obtained as a methanol solvate, it has piperazine ‐methanol chains holding the dihydroxynaphthalene molecules through hydrogen bonds and it has also N−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. The cocrystals of hexamethylenetetramine (hmta) with positional isomer 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene is also studied. The self‐assembly of cocrystal of 2,7‐dihydroxynaphthalene with hmta utilizes only three nitrogen atoms of the hmta out of four nitrogen atoms to have three moderate hydrogen bonds formed between dihydroxynaphthalene and hmta. Each repeat cyclic sub‐assembly has one embraced dihydroxynaphthalene molecule and such molecules are associated with O−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions. From DFT‐calculations on cocrystals of 2,3‐dihydroxynaphthalene with the three amines it is observed that the HOMO are localised on amine unit whereas LUMO are localized in the dihydroxynaphthalene ring. The fluorescence emissions of the cocrystals differ in each case depending on the amine used. N−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions of piperazine causes complete quenching of fluorescence emission of diol host enabling it to distinguish from the other two amines.
Controlled Hetero‐Architectures of Au‐Nanoparticles‐Decorated ZnO Nanowires for Enhanced Field Electron Emission Displays
Authors: Chikate Parameshwar R. , Daware Krishna D. , Gavhane Dnyaneshwar S. , Ma Yuan‐Ron , Choudhary Ram J. , Patil Shankar I. , More Mahendra A. , Phase Deodatta M. , Gosavi Suresh W. , Shirage Parasharam M. , Devan Rupesh S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe spitzer shaped pointed ZnO nanowires of diameter 120 nm and length ∼5‐6 μm synthesized via hydrothermal techniques were decorated with Au nanoparticles of diameter < 20 nm along their textural boundaries. The turn‐on field (Eon) of 1.56 V/μm required to draw current density of 10 μA/cm2 from ZnO nanowires was reduced further to 0.96 V/μm after controlled decoration of Au nanoparticle, is significantly lower than pristine/doped ZnO nanostructures, Ag@ZnO, Au@ZnO, Au@CuO, and MoS2@TiO2 heterostructure based field emission (FE) devices. The orthodoxy test confirmed the feasibility of field‐enhancement factor (βFE) of 4477 for Au/ZnO/ITO emitters. The enhanced FE behavior are attributed to pointed nanotips, individual dispersion of Au nanoparticles along the textural boundaries of ZnO nanowires, and enhanced energy well formation at their interface. Moreover, the density of state increases enormously due to the hetero‐structured interface of Au@ZnO and a significant amount of electrons from both Au and ZnO contribute for enhanced emission current density (2.1 mA/cm2 @ 1.92 V/μm), and greatly stable electron emission. Our experiments suggest that the tunable hetero‐architectures of Au nanoparticles@ZnO nanowires hold the promises for applications in display screens and intense electron source.
Key Role of Lanthanum Oxychloride: Promotional Effects of Lanthanum in NiLaOy/NaCl for Hydrogen Production from Ethyl Acetate and Water
Authors: Xue Zhiwei , Shen Yuesong , Li Peiwen , Zhang Yu , Li Junjie , Qin Bin , Zhang Jin , Zeng Yanwei , Zhu Shemin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe hydrogen economy is accelerating technological evolutions toward highly efficient hydrogen production. In this work, the catalytic performance of NiO/NaCl for hydrogen production via autothermal reforming of ethyl acetate and water is further improved through lanthanum modification, and the resulted 3%‐NiLaOy/NaCl catalyst achieves as high as 93% H2 selectivity and long‐term stability at 600 °C. The promoting effect is caused by the strong interactions between lanthanum and NiO/NaCl, by which LaNiO3 and a novel LaOCl phase are formed. The key role of LaOCl in promoting low‐temperature hydrogen production is highlighted, while effects of LaNiO3 are well known. The LaOCl (010) facet possesses high adsorption capacity toward co‐chemisorbing ethyl acetate and water. LaOCl strongly interacts with ethyl acetate and H2O in the form of hydrogen bonding and coordination effect. The interactions induce tensions inside ethyl acetate and H2O, activate the molecules, and hence decrease the energy barrier for reaction. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals that LaOCl along with NaCl enhances the adsorption ability of NiO/NaCl. Moreover, LaOCl improves the dispersion of Ni species in NiO–LaNiO3–LaOCl nanosheets, which possess abundant active sites. The effects together promote hydrogen evolution. Furthermore, the NiLaOy/NaCl catalyst can be easily reborn after deactivation due to the water solubility of NaCl.
Hierarchical CdS Nanorod@SnO2 Nanobowl Arrays for Efficient and Stable Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Wang Wenhui , Jin Can , Qi Limin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn efficient photoanode based on CdS nanorod@SnO2 nanobowl (CdS NR@SnO2 NB) arrays is designed and fabricated by the preparation of SnO2 nanobowl arrays via nanosphere lithography followed by hydrothermal growth of CdS nanorods on the inner surface of the SnO2 nanobowls. A photoelectrochemical (PEC) device constructed by using this hierarchical CdS NR@SnO2 NB photoanode presents significantly enhanced performance with a photocurrent density of 3.8 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM1.5G solar light irradiation, which is about 2.5 times higher than that of CdS nanorod arrays. After coating with a thin layer of SiO2, the photostability of the CdS NR@SnO2 NB arrays is greatly enhanced, resulting in a stable photoanode with a photocurrent density of 3.0 mA cm−2 retained at 1.23 V versus the RHE. The much improved performance of the CdS NR@SnO2 NB arrays toward PEC hydrogen generation can be ascribed to enlarged surface area arising from the hierarchical nanostructures, improved light harvesting owing to the NR@NB architecture containing multiple scattering centers, and enhanced charge separation/collection efficiency due to the favorable CdS–SnO2 heterojunction.
Substrate Patterning Using Regular Macroporous Block Copolymer Monoliths as Sacrificial Templates and as Capillary Microstamps
Authors: Guo Leiming , Philippi Michael , Steinhart Martin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPolystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) monoliths containing regular arrays of macropores (diameter ≈1.1 µm, depth ≈0.7 µm) at their surfaces are used to pattern substrates by patterning modes going beyond the functionality of classical solid elastomer stamps. In a first exemplary application, the macroporous PS‐b‐P2VP monoliths are employed as sacrificial templates for the deposition of NaCl nanocrystals and topographically patterned iridium films. One NaCl nanocrystal per macropore is formed by evaporation of NaCl solutions filling the macropores followed by iridium coating. Thermal PS‐b‐P2VP decomposition yields topographically patterned iridium films consisting of ordered arrays of hexagonal cells, each of which contains one NaCl nanocrystal. For the second exemplary application, spongy‐continuous mesopore systems are generated in the macroporous PS‐b‐P2VP monoliths by selective‐swelling induced pore generation. Infiltrating the spongy‐continuous mesopore systems with ink allows capillary microstamping of continuous ink films with holes at the positions of the macropores onto glass slides compatible with advanced light microscopy. Capillary microstamping can be performed multiple times under ambient conditions without reinking and without quality deterioration of the stamped patterns. The macroporous PS‐b‐P2VP monoliths are prepared by double replication of primary macroporous silicon molds via secondary polydimethylsiloxane molds.
Greatly Improved Conductivity of Double‐Chain Polymer Network Binder for High Sulfur Loading Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a Low Electrolyte/Sulfur Ratio
Authors: Liu Xuejun , Qian Tao , Liu Jie , Tian Jinghua , Zhang Li , Yan Chenglin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBinders have been considered to play a key role in realizing high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur batteries. However, the accompanying problems of limited conductivity and inferior affinity of soluble polysulfide intermediates bring down their comprehensive performance for practical applications. Herein, the synthesis of a novel double‐chain polymer network (DCP) binder by polymerizing 4,4′‐biphenyldisulfonic acid connected pyrrole monomer onto viscous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose matrix, yielding a primary crystal structure is reported. Consequently, the resulted binder enables superior rate performance from 0.2 C (1326.9 mAh g−1) to 4 C (701.4 mAh g−1). Moreover, a high sulfur loading of 9.8 mg cm−2 and a low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (5:1, µL mg−1) are achieved, exhibiting a high area capacity of 9.2 mAh cm−2. In situ X‐ray diffraction analysis is conducted to monitor the structural modifications of the cathode, confirming the occurrence of sulfur reduction/recrystallization during charge–discharge process. In addition, in situ UV–vis measurements demonstrate that DCP binder impedes the polysulfide migration, thereby giving rise to high capacity retention for 400 cycles.
Nanotopography‐Promoted Formation of Axon Collateral Branches of Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Seo Jeongyeon , Kim Juan , Joo Sunghoon , Choi Ji Yu , Kang Kyungtae , Cho Woo Kyung , Choi Insung S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAxon collateral branches, as a key structural motif of neurons, allow neurons to integrate information from highly interconnected, divergent networks by establishing terminal boutons. Although physical cues are generally known to have a comprehensive range of effects on neuronal development, their involvement in axonal branching remains elusive. Herein, it is demonstrated that the nanopillar arrays significantly increase the number of axon collateral branches and also promote their growth. Immunostaining and biochemical analyses indicate that the physical interactions between the nanopillars and the neurons give rise to lateral filopodia at the axon shaft via cytoskeletal changes, leading to the formation of axonal branches. This report, demonstrates that nanotopography regulates axonal branching, and provides a guideline for the design of sophisticated neuron‐based devices and scaffolds for neuro‐engineering.
In Situ Growth of Pd Nanosheets on g‐C3N4 Nanosheets with Well‐Contacted Interface and Enhanced Catalytic Performance for 4‐Nitrophenol Reduction
Authors: Gu Kai , Pan Xueting , Wang Weiwei , Ma Junjie , Sun Yun , Yang Hailong , Shen Heyun , Huang Zhijun , Liu Huiyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLoading novel metal nanosheets onto nanosheet support can improve their catalytic performance, but the morphological incompatibility makes it difficult to construct a well‐contacted interface, which is of particular interest in supported catalysts. Herein, Pd nanosheets (Pd NSs) are supported onto graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNSs) with intimate face‐to‐face contact through an in situ growth method. This method overcomes the limitations of the morphological incompatibility and ensures the intimate interfacial contact between Pd NSs and CNNSs. The nitrogen‐rich nature of CNNSs endows Pd NSs with abundant anchoring sites, which optimizes the electronic structure and improves the chemical and morphological stability of Pd NSs. The supported Pd NSs demonstrate high dispersion and exhibit largely enhanced activity toward the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol. The concentration‐normalized rate constant is up to 3052 min−1 g−1 L, which is 5.4 times higher than that obtained by unsupported Pd NSs. No obvious deactivation is observed after six runs of the recycling experiments. It is believed that the supported novel metal nanosheets with the intimately contacted interface may show promising applications in catalysis.
Facile Synthesis of Vanadium Metal‐Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Yan Yan , Luo Yuqing , Ma Jingyi , Li Bing , Xue Huaiguo , Pang Huan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCompared to traditional metal oxides, metal‐organic frameworks exhibit excellent properties, such as a high surface area, significant thermal stability, low density, and excellent electrochemical performance. Here, a simple process is proposed for the fabrication of rod‐like vanadium metal‐organic frameworks (VIV(O)(bdc), bdc = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate, or MIL‐47), and the effect of the structure on the electrochemical performance is investigated via a series of electrochemical measurements. The VIV(O)(bdc) electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 572.1 F g−1 at current densities of 0.5 A g−1. More significantly, aqueous and solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitors are successfully assembled. The solid‐state device shows an excellent energy density of 6.72 mWh cm−3 at a power density of 70.35 mW cm−3. This superior performance confirms that VIV(O)(bdc) electrodes are promising materials for applications in supercapacitors.
Near‐Infrared Switchable Fullerene‐Based Synergy Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Du Zhi , Gao Nan , Wang Xiaohui , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractC60 has a special dual function; it can act as both a powerful reactive oxygen species (ROS) producer under UV or visible light and an ROS scavenger in the dark. However, ROS has double‐edged effects in living systems. It is still a great challenge for biomedical application to switch and adjust the two opposite properties of C60 in one system. Herein, UCNP@C60‐pep (UCNP: upconversion nanoparticle, pep: Aβ‐target peptide KLVFF) is designed as a near‐infrared‐switchable nanoplatform for synergy therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Under near‐infrared (NIR) light, the Aβ‐targeting hybrid nanoparticles produce ROS and result in Aβ photooxygenation, which can hinder Aβ aggregation and mitigate the attendant cytotoxicity. In the dark, UCNP@C60‐pep shows protective effects against the increased oxidative stress. The ROS‐generating and ROS‐quenching abilities of UCNP@C60‐pep are both beneficial for decreasing Aβ‐induced neurotoxicity and extending the longevity of the commonly used transgenic AD model Caenorhabditis elegans CL2006. Moreover, UCNP@C60‐pep can also be used for upconversion luminescence (UCL) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has benefits for “image‐guided therapy.” This study may offer a new perspective for the biological applications of C60.
Red Phosphorus Nanoparticle@3D Interconnected Carbon Nanosheet Framework Composite for Potassium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Xiong Peixun , Bai Panxing , Tu Shuibin , Cheng Mingren , Zhang Jinfeng , Sun Jie , Xu Yunhua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRed phosphorus (P) has been recognized as a promising storage material for Li and Na. However, it has not been reported for K storage and the reaction mechanism remains unknown. Herein, a novel nanocomposite anode material is designed and synthesized by anchoring red P nanoparticles on a 3D carbon nanosheet framework for K‐ion batteries (KIBs). The red P@CN composite demonstrates a superior electrochemical performance with a high reversible capacity of 655 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and a good rate capability remaining 323.7 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1, which outperform reported anode materials for KIBs. The transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculation results suggest a one‐electron reaction mechanism ofP + K+ + e−→ KP, corresponding to a theoretical capacity of 843 mA h g−1,which is the highest value for anode materials investigated for KIBs. The study not only sheds light on the rational design of high performance red P anodes for KIBs but also offers a fundamental understanding of the potassium storage mechanism of red P.
Bulk and Surface Electronic Properties of Inorganic Materials: Tools to Guide Cellular Behavior
Authors: Snyder Patrick J. , Reddy Pramod , Kirste Ronny , Collazo Ramon , Ivanisevic Albena 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClassical concepts associated with the electronic properties of inorganic materials in the context of conditions used in biointerface studies are summarized. Electronic properties provide unique ways for stimulating a variety of biological systems; however, here the major focus is on mammallian cells. An additional focus is placed on bulk and electronic properties prior to chemical functionalization of inorganic materials. Representative studies, challenges, and opportunities toward utilization of charge, conductivity, photoconductivity, polarity, and piezoelectricity‐dependent mamallian cell interfaces are highlighted.
Patterned Perovskites for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Wu Jiang , Liu Tanghao , Zhu Rui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs a mature strategy for constructing microstructures, patterning technologies are widely used in the optoelectronic field to satisfy the requirements of functional and/or aesthetic purposes. With the emergence of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, applying patterning technologies to perovskites can further optimize the properties of perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices, thereby enhancing their competitiveness in commercialization. To date, a series of perovskite patterning methods and patterned devices have been reported consecutively, which exhibit potential value and application prospects in the fields of optoelectronics, light‐emitting devices, building of integrated photovoltaic systems, etc. Here, the recent progress in perovskite patterning technologies is systematically summarized, divided into two major categories: indirect patterning and direct patterning. In addition, the merits of the patterning methods and their applications in optoelectronics are discussed.
Integrating a Triboelectric Nanogenerator and a Zinc‐Ion Battery on a Designed Flexible 3D Spacer Fabric
Authors: Wang Zifeng , Ruan Zhaoheng , Ng Wing Sum , Li Hongfei , Tang Zijie , Liu Zhuoxin , Wang Yukun , Hu Hong , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPowering flexible electronics by wearable energy‐storage or energy‐harvesting devices has attracted enormous research interest recently. However, the continual powering offered by individual energy‐storage devices, such as rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors, becomes problematic once the energy stored is fully discharged. Therefore, the integration of energy‐storage and energy‐harvesting techniques becomes a feasible approach to provide a continual power supply for flexible and wearable electronics. Herein, an integrated flexible and wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and rechargeable Zn‐ion battery (ZIB) system based on a flexible 3D spacer fabric is proposed as a promising wearable power unit for powering personal electronic devices. The energy harvested by the TENG from human motion can be utilized to refill the ZIB once its stored energy is exhausted. Moreover, the power unit can be easily scaled up to multipixel, due to the compatibility of the fabric with the textile industry, which renders the system with promise as a practical wearable personal power station in the future.
Lattice Modulation of Alkali Metal Cations Doped Cs1−xRxPbBr3 Halides for Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yanan , Duan Jialong , Yuan Haiwen , Zhao Yuanyuan , He Benlin , Tang Qunwei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe crystal structure of cesium lead halide (CsPbX3, X = I, Br, Cl) determines its charge‐carrier trap state and solar‐to‐electrical conversion ability in inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, the compositional engineering of inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite by means of doping with various alkali metal cations is studied. The lattice dimensions and energy levels of Cs1‐xRxPbBr3 (R = Li, Na, K, Rb, x = 0–1) halides are optimized by tuning Cs/R ratio. Arising from promoting effects of alkali metal cations doped perovskite halides such as lattice shrink, crystallized dynamics, and electrical‐energy distribution, a maximum power conversion efficiency as high as 9.86% is achieved for hole transporting layer‐free Cs0.91Rb0.09PbBr3 tailored solar cell owing to the suppressed non‐radiative losses and radiative recombination. Furthermore, the all‐inorganic Cs0.91Rb0.09PbBr3 solar cell without encapsulation remains 97% of initial efficiency when suffering persistent attack by 80% RH in air atmosphere over 700 h, which is in comparable with state‐of‐the‐art organic–inorganic hybrid and all‐inorganic PSC devices. Employing alkali metal cations to modulate perovskite layers provide new opportunities of making high‐performance inorganic PSC platforms.
Stability‐indicating methods applied in the separation and characterization of the main degradation product of propafenone
Authors: Oliveira de Almeida Leite Heitor , Mohamad Kassab Nájla , Prado Maria Segunda Aurora , Singh Anil Kumar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPropafenone hydrochloride is used in the treatment of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias and it has sodium channel blocking and β‐blocking activity. To evaluate the quality, safety and efficacy of propafenone drug products, a stability‐indicating method must be used, aiming at qualitative and/or quantitative assessment of the impurities and degradation products contained therein. The main purpose of this study was to develop and apply hyphenated high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry methods to access susceptibility of the propafenone hydrochloride to stress conditions. The degradation process and products were systematically evaluated through in silico and predictive mass balance approaches. The main acidic and oxidative degradation product was characterized by using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Propafenone hydrochloride was found to be highly susceptible to oxidative (peroxide) and thermal degradation. However, an alkaline medium has an insignificant impact on the stability of propafenone hydrochloride. A plausible path for the acidic degradation product is described and elucidated.
Large‐scale Rossby wave and synoptic‐scale dynamic analyses of the unusually late 2016 heatwave over Europe
Authors: Zschenderlein Philipp , Fragkoulidis Georgios , Fink Andreas H. , Wirth Volkmar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the late summer heatwave over Europe in 2016. Central, western and southwestern Europe were primarily affected by the high temperatures. Seville, Spain, for example, experienced the highest September temperature on record on 5 September 2016, reaching a maximum of 44.8°C, and temperatures in Trier, Germany reached 34.2°C on 13 September 2016. The heatwave was marked by three distinct peaks, accompanied by record‐breaking values for 500hPa geopotential heights and, to a lesser extent, 850hPa temperatures. These peaks were associated with the arrival of high‐amplitude Rossby wave packets in western Europe. The latter originated several days before the event over western North America. During the three peaks of the heatwave, subsidence and the ensuing adiabatic compression in the free atmosphere in combination with boundary layer processes, rather than local temperature advection, were instrumental in the occurrence of the extreme temperature episodes.