bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances and Changing Face of Anatomy Teaching and Learning in Medical Education
Authors: Joseph Mathew , Singh Brijendra 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background A sound knowledge of human anatomy is a major requirement for being a good physician or a practicing surgeon. Despite digitalization and modernization of education sector, traditional cadaveric dissection still occupies the leadership of anatomy education. It is becoming an untold truth that no modern technologies such as virtual dissection or 3D model printing could replace cadaveric dissection in its way of teaching students.
Methods Recent research studies on modern anatomical teaching methods for medical and non-medical students and their influences are reviewed.
Results Despite new technologies, traditional cadaveric dissection helps students to acquire more practical knowledge and still occupies prior position on its way.
Modelling rapid online cultural transmission: evaluating neutral models on Twitter data with approximate Bayesian computation
Authors: Carrignon Simon , Bentley R. Alexander , Ruck Damian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAs social media technologies alter the variation, transmission and sorting of online information, short-term cultural evolution is transformed. In these media contexts, cultural evolution is an intra-generational process with much ‘horizontal’ transmission. As a pertinent case study, here we test variations of culture-evolutionary neutral models on recently-available Twitter data documenting the spread of true and false information. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation to resolve the full joint probability distribution of models with different social learning biases, emphasizing context versus content, we explore the dynamics of online information cascades: Are they driven by the intrinsic content of the message, or the extrinsic value (e.g., as a social badge) whose intrinsic value is arbitrary? Despite the obvious relevance of specific learning biases at the individual level, our tests at the online population scale indicate that unbiased learning model performs better at modelling information cascades whether true or false.
Theoretical Design of an Antireflection Coating for near Infrared Region (800-1500 nm) for glass substrate
Authors: Hameed Nibras S. , Fadil Hussein Itab , Hussain Nedal A. , Mossa Umran Nibras 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The main purpose of this research is to design multilayer filter that can permit the IR wavelength (800-1500 nm), to make the aim of the research comes true, the equations of multilayer system have been derived and developed, and then a program code has been made using FORTRAN language. The films thicknesses of the multilayer could be even quarter wavelength or unlimited The research results illustrated that the best design when the stack number equals to(6).
Compact antennas for mobile radio communications
Authors: Yuri Nechaev , Alexander Klimov , Ilia Peshkov , Vladimir Vereitin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A compact linearly polarized three-element antenna with sector radiation pattern and a cylinder antenna array with electrically switchable radiation pattern for base stations of mobile radio communication systems are presented. The operational frequency range of the antennas is 440-470 MHz. The single antenna has antenna gain not less than 7 dBi, while the antenna gain of the cylinder antenna array is not less than 5 dBi in case of omnidirectional radiation pattern and 10 dBi in case of sector radiation pattern.
SIMULATION ASSESSMENT OF THE PROTECTIVE ROLE OF VITAMIN C AND E AGAINST CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE IN RATS TONGUE MUCOSA: HISTOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Omer Saleh Ashty , Kamal Khleel Ameera , Almahana Jasim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objectives: Oral mucositis was found to be one of the most common side effects of cyclophosphamide use. The present study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin C or E as a treatment for the induced cyclophosphamide tongue mucositis.Materials and Methods: Eighty rats were randomly divided into two equal groups: The control group was intraperitoneally injected by physiological saline and were grouped randomly into four equal subgroups: Distilled water, corn oil, vitamin C (12 mg/kg/day), and vitamin E (40mg/kg/day) treatment groups. For induction of mucositis to the study group, a single dose of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally to each animal, and the animals were also grouped randomly in to four subgroups in the same manner as in the control group. Five of the animals in each group were sacrificed at day four and the other five at day eight and the tongue was dissected for histological and immunohistochemical analysis.Results: In comparison with the cyclophosphamide/water treated group, vitamin C caused a non-significant increase in epithelial thickness, non-significant decrease in damage score and caspase-3 immune expression at day four (p>0.05), but a significant increase in Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) immune expression at day four and eight was seen (p<0.05). While vitamin E cause a significant increase in epithelial thickness, a significant decrease in damage score and caspase-3 immune expression at day four, and a significant increase in PCNA immune expression at day four and eight (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin E is better than vitamin C in decreasing the severity of tongue mucositis induced by cyclophosphamide in rats.
Experimental investigation of using kerosene-biodiesel blend as an alternative fuel in diesel engines
Authors: Mohammed Amer A. , Ramadhan Al-Obaidi Ahmed , AlTabbakh Aouf A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Researchers are seeking alternative ways to deal with conventional fuels depletion and global warming. Biodiesel appears as one of the most candidate alternatives in this regard. The present work deals with biodiesel produced by transesterification of sunflower oil. The produced biodiesel was further mixed with kerosene to obtain a blend between new and traditional fuels. The physicochemical properties of the bio-fuel blended with kerosene have been tested in the laboratory maintaining different ASTM standards. In this study, blends of biodiesel and kerosene were tested on TQ small engine test set (TD200). BK60 (biodiesel 60 vol. % and kerosene 40 vol. %), BK45 (biodiesel 45 vol. % and kerosene 55 vol. %), BK30 (biodiesel 30 vol. % and kerosene 70 vol. %) and BK15 (biodiesel 15 vol. % and kerosene 85 vol. %) were tested. Three mixing speeds were used in the tests, namely; 1000 rpm, 2000 rpm, and 3000 rpm at constant high load of 80%. The performance parameters studied included; brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Regarding the emissions, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) were also recorded. Results showed that the new blends produce higher BTE and lower BSFC than the conventional kerosene and biodiesel.
Enhanced thermal expansion, mechanical properties, and adhesion analysis of epoxy / ZrO2 nano composites
Authors: Ameer Noor , Ibreheim Hussein Seenaa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of the research is to enhance the specifications of adhesives used in the treatment of cracks in the walls of buildings and concrete ceilings in addition to the oxide zirconium nanoparticles. Use epoxy resins and added ZrO2 by weight ratio (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9)%and using the in situ method for Preparation nano composites. To make the mechanical tests (tensile and impact), adhesion test (shear bonding and pull off tests), thermal expansion.
The results of the mechanical tests and adhesion test showed that all of the above tests improved the specifications of epoxy resin with the addition of zirconium. The strength of the overlapping material was increased by increasing the percentage of zirconium to 5% and then the strength and stiffness of the material decreased by increasing the ratio (7, 9%) due to the phenomenon of aggregation of nanoparticles.
Comparative study of hydrocarbon pollution before and after rainfall in Al-Gharraf River in Thi-Qar province – Iraq
Authors: Ali Ali S. , Al-Khafaji Basim Y. , Al-Gezi Haider R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The difference between the seasons of the year and the fall of rain has a significant impact on the degree of pollution of hydrocarbons in the water of rivers in the area falling on them, to study the degree of hydrocarbon pollution in Al-Gharaf river in Thi-Qar province, the Samples were collected from water, sediments, Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllin demersum from this river that passing through Al-Fajr, Qal’at Sukkar and Al-Rifa’I cities in October 2018 and January 2019. The results showed that the concentration of TPH were increasing in January (after rainfall); as well as according to the order of the areas mention above the amount of increase in TPH In the water (17.7, 22.3, 18.9) μg / L, while in the sediments (647, 904, 626) μg/g D.W, however in Phragmites australis (2.00, 2.00, 3.19) μg/g D.W and Ceratophyllin demersum plant has reached an increase (1.88, 4.83, 5.2) μg/g D.W
Study the Health risk of Radioisotopes in different samples of salt in markets of Iraq.
Authors: Awad Kadhim alshebly Shaymaa , Alaboodi Azhar S. , Muhsen Hassan Ahmed , Mohammed alkhafaji Rusul , Asaad Muhmood Asmahan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Eleven samples of salt were collected from local markets in Iraq for the purpose of identifying which types were more radioactive and the radiation efficacy of the external hazard index, outdoor absorbent dose, internal hazard index and indoor absorbed dose and Radium equivalent activity (Raeq) also finding an effective dose due to ingestion where the maximum value of a specific uranium activity was recorded in sample S4, which was (32.138Bq/kg). The lowest value was recorded in sample S8, which was (4.432 Bq/kg). It should be noted that sample S8 is Turkish origin specific activity of 232Th, the highest value was (12.456Bq/kg) recorded in sample S9, while the lowest value was (1.426 Bq/kg) and recorded in sample S7. Also calculate Effective dose Dose(Sv/y) by using equation (7) for 40K was 10.088 Sv/y, 226Ra was 1.152 Sv/y and 232Th was 1.660 Sv/y.
Cyclic Voltammetry Stufy And Electrochemical Synthesis Of Some Organotellurium Compounds
Authors: Murad Diyar M. A. , Al-Najar Anis A. , Al-Rubaie Ali Z. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of diphenyl ditelluride, bis(2-amino-5-methyl phenyl)ditelluride and bis(2-amino-5-bromo phenyl)ditellurid have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV) in methanol or THF at room temperature. The results showed two single successive electron transfer through the reduction process. This technique was used to determine the best voltage regions in order to carry out the electrochemical synthesis of unsymmetrical organic telluride, i.e : ethyl phenyl telluride (1), propyl phenyl telluride(2), butyl phenyl telluride(3), ethyl (2-amino-5-methyl phenyl)telluride(4), propyl(2-amino-5-methylphenyl) -telluride(5), butyl (2-amino-5-methylphenyl)(6), ethyl(2-amino-5 bromophenyl telluride(7), propyl(2-amino-5-bromo phenyl) telluride(8) and butyl(2-amino-5-bromophenyl) telluride(9). All new compounds were characterized by CHN and IR spectroscopy.
Radioactivity Content of Wheat Fields in Wasit Governorate - Iraq
Authors: Alattabi Hadi D. , Shafik Shafik S. , Abdel Jabbar Fatima T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The radioactivity content of soil of wheat fields of all Wasit cities have been measured using gamma spectroscopy adopted with high pure germanium coaxial detector. The specific radioactivities of Ra-226, Ac-228, and K-40 NORM isotopes have been measured. The overall average values of those isotopes for the investigated soil samples were 38.22, 10.67, and 409.4 Bq/kg. The results showed that some fields have higher radioactivity content according to the international agencies, and these results strongly suggested that the farmers don’t washing the fields’ soil.
Numerical Double Sumudu Transform for Nonlinear Mixed Fractional Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Shather Kadhem Hasan , Qasim Hasan Samear 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we are going to study a nonlinear fractional partial differential equations by double Sumudu transformation coupled with Adomian decomposition method or with variational iteration method. For this case, we choose an important fractional partial differential equations, such as parabolic-hyperbolic with mixed fractional derivatives (homogeneous and nonhomogeneous) types. Some examples are given here to illustrate efficiency of this method.
The Importance of Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Assessment Left Ventricle Function Among Patient with Chronic Kidney Disease on Maintenance Hemodialysis: The Impact of the Dialysis Session
Authors: Mahdi Salih Abdul-Hassan , Mashkoor Waleed Saad , Abdul-Aziz A.A , Roomi Ali B. , Ajrash Sabr Iqbal , Abed Hatem Abdalreda , Jawad Abdulrahman Shaymaa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: chronic renal failure (CRF) characterized by increased plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) due to increase peptide secretion and decrease BNP clearance due to impaired renal function. This peptide is a biomarker of cardiovascular disorders which are the common causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with CRF. The present study tend to evaluate the role of BNP as a predictor of left ventricular function among patient with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis(HD) with particular concern to dialysis session frequency. Methods: A total of 90 patients with CRF who visited the dialysis unit at Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital in Thi-Qar city for maintenance hemodialysis were included in this study. They were divided into three groups according to the number of dialysis session per week. BNP level, glomerular filtration rate(GFR) of the patients were measured and left ventricular function (EF%) was detected by echocardiography. Results: There was a significant negative association between BNP level and EF% (P<0.001). BNP level was significantly lower in patients with three dialysis session per week in comparison with those patients who perform single session per week (P <0.001). There was also a strong inverse association between BNP level and GFR (P <0.001).Conclusion: BNP levels show a strong inverse association with EF% and GFR in patients with CRF. Patients with frequent dialysis had better left ventricular function manifested by lower BNP level and higher EF% than those patients with less frequent dialysis session.
Optimize the separators at processing crude oil primary treatment
Authors: Khairullah Nahar Aqeel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The process of monitoring the gas compositions outside from the separation stages of gas from oil, is a very important process and gives a complete perception of the optimization of these facilities, for processing oil and through this can be addressed the situation and access to the optimal situation in production.Where it can maintain heavy hydrocarbon fluids in the liquid phase instead of turning phase Gas and go to the ignition burners, In the absence of surface facilities to process gas and are losing those important quantities.Therefore, this research was based on some of the results of gases from the stages of insulation and work on the treatment of heavy hydrocarbons, including hexane and the possibility of benefiting from it and extract from the rest of the other compounds.In the initial periods of commencement of production (Primary development plan PDP) of oil from the fields, which do not have treatment of associated gas where it can benefit from the production of this unit until the completion of the surface facilities at (Final development plan FDP).
Converting Zubair oil field permanent power generation from single cycle into combined-cycle with plant exergy analysis
Authors: Hannun Rafid M. , Salih Mohammed M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe combined-cycle power plant is the effective way to increase power and thermal efficiency which can rise thermal efficiency up to 50% corresponding to low heat value of the fuel (LHV). This study focused on converting Zubair Oil Field Gas turbine (ALSTOM GT13E2) from single cycle into a combined cycle power plant. Models suggestion design have been presented with back-pressure steam turbine by Cycle-Tempo (5.1) thermodynamics simulation program, which presents value diagram and exergy flow diagram both are useful to understanding the thermodynamic performance of complicated systems.The result of exergy analysis explicate that huge amount of exergy loss firstly occurs in gas turbine combustor (about 60% due to high irreversibility), and heat recovery steam generation (HRSG) is the second major exergy loss in combined cycle power plant (about 30%) recently apparatus concepts less than 10% of exergy (like compressors and expanders). Also, in this study explained the effect of changing the ambient temperature on the performance of power plant by using four temperature parameters on the four simulation models at constant compression ratio. The results were the increase in gas turbine temperature inlet led to decrease the net power output of the CCPPs. Thermal and exergy efficiencies increase when ambient temperature increase due to growth turbine inlet temperature but this temperature restricted by creep rupture and thermal fatigue for combustor parts and turbine blades metal. Maximum thermal and exergy efficiencies can be reached to 55.74, 53.28% respectively at worst ambient temperature. The calculation results in this study were compared with two previous studies, with considerable differences in input parameters of the gas turbine and steam turbine also, the types of the gas turbine models. finally, the results showed acceptable agreement.
Process Modeling and Simulation of Levulinate Esters Production Using Commercial Software
Authors: Albadran Firas , Taher Mohammad , Ali Mariem , Kamal Ibtisam 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the conceptual design and simulation of a biofuels (Levulinic esters) synthesizing process by esterification of Levulinic acid with lower alcohols using H2SO4 as catalyst. Levulinic esters are used as valuable fuels and fuel additives due to their high octane number, low water solubility, and high content of oxygen. Furthermore, they have less negative environmental impacts compared to the base fossil fuels. The Levulinic esters production process was simulated using HYSYS V8.8 software. The thermodynamic properties and kinetic data are obtained from open literature and used in the Aspen HYSYS model. The process simulation method involved selecting thermodynamic model, defining chemical components, selecting suitable operating units and identifying operating conditions. A detailed process flow sheet for production of Levulinate esters was developed. Effects of pressure, temperature and type of alcohol on biofuel yield were investigated and optimum values of temperature, pressure and types of alcohol were obtained. The optimum conversion was achieved when the conversion reactor operates at a pressure and temperature of 5 bar and 150°C respectively. Maximum conversion was obtained using methanol compared to other considered types of alcohols.
Digital Image Enhancement Gray Scale Images In Frequency Domain
Authors: Hayder Israa M. , Younis Hussain A. , Abdul-Kareem Younis Hameed 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of the research is to improve the distorted digital images using one of the methods of frequency domain. Where The Transform Cosine Discrete (DCT) function was used as one methods of frequency domain. Good results have been obtained using this method. standard gray scale images, which have distortions, have been improved and get improved image results.
Influence of Glass Fiber and Calcium Carbonate on The Mechanical and Rheological Properties of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Authors: Flieh Hassen Taleb 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study; glass fiber (GF) and calcium carbonate CaCO3 (CC) are fillers used with high density polyethylene (grade EMN 6030). The fillers were mixed with polyethylene by 10-50% w/w to prepare some of polymeric composites mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and Young’s modulus increased with the augmentation filler concentration. However; the elongation strength impact and fracture energy reduced with the augmentation fillers concentration. Moreover, rheological properties as melt index have been studied. The melt index values decreased with the fillers concentration.
A description of 103-107Pd Isotopes in the Interacting BosonFermion Model
Authors: Waheed Mariam O. , Sharrad Fadhil I. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Energy levels and B(E2) transitions for palladium isotopes with proton number Z=46 and neutron numbers (n) between 57 and 67 have been calculated through the interacting boson-fermion model. The set of parameters used in this calculation is the best approximation that has been carried out so far. Good agreement was found from comparison between the calculated energy levels and the transition probabilities B(E2) with those of experimental.
The K-Wire Fixation Technique for Endoscopic Brow Lift: A Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Chasan Paul E , Hauch Adam T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Many techniques have been presented for fixation during endoscopic brow lift, but no singular technique has become dominant.

Objectives
The authors described a technique for fixation for endoscopic brow lift that is inexpensive, easy to use, and versatile and has minimal morbidity.

Methods
The charts of 284 patients who underwent the K-wire fixation technique between December 1996 and September 2018 were reviewed. This technique employs a transcutaneous K-wire to hold the brow in position until tissue adhesion creates a lasting elevation of the brow.

Results
A total of 284 patients underwent K-wire fixation for endoscopic brow lifting. Two patients had hematomas and 5 patients (1.8%) required a second unilateral brow lift procedure. Long-term elevation of the brow was maintained in all patients.

Conclusions
K-wire fixation for endoscopic brow lift is a simple, safe, and effective technique for fixation during endoscopic brow lifting that provides long-term aesthetic results.

Level of Evidence: 4