bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric-Acoustic Stimulation Outcomes in Children
Authors: Park Lisa R. , Teagle Holly F. B. , Gagnon Erika , Woodard Jennifer , Brown Kevin D. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
This study investigates outcomes in children fit with electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) and addresses three main questions: (1) Are outcomes with EAS superior to outcomes with conventional electric-only stimulation in children? (2) Do children with residual hearing benefit from EAS and conventional electric-only stimulation when compared with the preoperative hearing aid (HA) condition? (3) Can children with residual hearing derive benefit from EAS after several years of listening with conventional electric-only stimulation?

Design:
Sixteen pediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients between 4 and 16 years of age with an unaided low-frequency pure tone average of 75 dB HL in the implanted ear were included in two study arms. Arm 1 included new recipients, and Arm 2 included children with at least 1 year of CI experience. Using a within-subject design, participants were evaluated unilaterally with the Consonant-Nucleus-Consonant (CNC) word list in quiet and the Baby Bio at a +5 dB SNR using an EAS program and a conventional full electric (FE) program. Arm 1 participants’ scores were also compared with preoperative scores.

Results:
Speech perception outcomes were statistically higher with the EAS program than the FE program. For new recipients, scores were significantly higher with EAS than preoperative HA scores for both the CNC and Baby Bio in noise; however, after 6 months of device use, results in the FE condition were not significantly better than preoperative scores. Long-term FE users benefited from EAS over their FE programs based on CNC word scores.

Conclusions:
Whether newly implanted or long-term CI users, children with residual hearing after CI surgery can benefit from EAS. Cochlear implantation with EAS fitting is a viable option for children with HAs who have residual hearing but have insufficient access to high-frequency sounds and poor speech perception.
Prosthetic joint infections: is guideline-consistent surgical treatment beneficial?
Authors: Winemaker Mitch , Mertz Dominik , Petruccelli Danielle , Harris David James , Chaudhry Harman , O’Shea Tim , de Beer Justin 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The diagnosis and treatment of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains challenging. In 2013, both the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines and an international consensus’ recommendation on PJI were published, providing a consistent approach to PJI management. We undertook a study to compare outcomes of PJI managed in accordance with IDSA versus those managed outside of the same.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study of a consecutive series of patients who had total joint replacement (TJR) with subsequent deep PJI was undertaken to determine historical clinical variation relative to recently established management guidelines. All operations were completed at one arthroplasty center over a 5-year period predating IDSA guideline development.

Results:
Of 8505 patients who had TJR, 267 (3.1%) were diagnosed with subsequent PJI. Of these, 42/8505 (0.5%) had culture positive deep PJI, with 38/42 (90.5%) managed surgically. The odds of treatment failure among cases not managed in accordance with IDSA were 11 times greater as compared to guideline-accordant cases (OR 11, 95%CI 1.84-65.7; P=0.006). This difference was most pronounced among those who had irrigation and debridement. We could not demonstrate any significant difference in treatment success or failure for one-stage or two-stage exchange.

Conclusions:
Surgical management of PJI in accordance with existing guidelines can optimize success of PJI treatment. In particular, aggressive surgical treatment (including prosthesis removal) is likely warranted in patients who had symptoms of PJI for longer than 3 wk. In a patient in whom deviation from existing guidelines is considered, it is important for physicians to weigh the risk of inferior outcome and counsel the patient accordingly.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation from unrelated donors in acute leukaemia
Authors: Lozano Cerrada Sara , Altaf Syed Y. , Olavarria Eduardo 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
To summarize the past and current knowledge of the use of unrelated donors (URDs) in allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with acute leukaemia.

Recent findings
The outcome of URD stem cell transplants in terms of treatment-related mortality, relapse rates, disease free survival and overall survival is comparable to sibling donors.

Summary
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the therapy of choice in many haematological malignant diseases but only one-third of the patients will have an HLA-matched sibling. The possibility of finding a matched URD is more than 70% because of recent advances in HLA typing and continuous expansion of URD registries around the world. The use of URD as a source of stem cells in adult patients are steadily increasing and in the last 8 years, superseded the matched sibling donors and became the most commonly used stem cell source. There is also an increasing trend of using peripheral blood stem cells than bone marrow stem cells. Outcomes following URD transplants depend mainly upon the indication and urgency of transplant, age and comorbidities of recipients, cytomegalovirus matching/mismatching between donor and the recipient and degree of HLA matching.
Anatomy of the Superficial Venous Structures of the Neck: A Cadaveric Study to Guide Superficial Injections
Authors: Lee Hyung-Jin , Ryu Seong-Yong , Cong Liyao , Ahn Hyung-jun , Park Min-Kyu , Kim Hee-Jin , Hu Kyung-Seok 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND
Minimally invasive aesthetic procedures of the neck are becoming more popular. However, anatomical studies on the venous structures of the neck in relation to these procedures are lacking.

OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to identify the locations and communication patterns of the anterior jugular vein and external jugular vein (AJV and EJV) and the communicating vein (CV) based on superficial anatomical landmarks and to determine dangerous areas for dermal filler injections into the neck.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty sides of the neck from Korean adult cadavers were dissected for this study.

RESULTS
Four anatomical variants were identified. In Type Ia, the CV ran along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) (33.4%); in Type Ib, a single vein was observed connecting the CV and the EJV at the level of laryngeal prominence (23.3%); in Type Ic, the CV proceeded separately from the medial side of the anterior border of the SCM (13.3%); and in Type II, the CV was absent while the EJV and AJV were observed (30%).

CONCLUSION
Given the 4 anatomical variants identified in this study, the authors recommend exerting caution when performing dermal filler injections approximately 10, 30, and 60 mm lateral to the midsagittal line to avoid iatrogenic side effects.
Updates in vitamin D therapy in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Le Trang N. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
To summarize recent developments the role of vitamin D and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in cystic fibrosis.

Recent findings
Although treatment of low vitamin D levels continues to be important for optimizing bone health in cystic fibrosis, increasing data on the extraskeletal effects of vitamin D are becoming available. Exploratory studies of vitamin D in modulation of respiratory and intestinal microbiomes, and the influence of vitamin D on the metabolomic signature of cystic fibrosis, suggest expanded roles for vitamin D in cystic fibrosis disease and treatment.

Summary
Emerging developments in cystic fibrosis regarding therapeutics and effects of vitamin D on bone health, inflammation, microbiome, and the metabolome are summarized.
Tympanostomy tube otorrhea in children: prevention and treatment
Authors: van Dongen Thijs M.A. , Damoiseaux Roger A.M.J. , Schilder Anne G.M. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
One in two children treated with tympanostomy tubes, experience episodes of otorrhea whilst their tubes are in place. In this review, we present the results of the most recent publications on prevention and treatment of tympanostomy tube otorrhea (TTO).

Recent findings
Recent systematic reviews on water precautions for children with tympanostomy tubes support the American Academy of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery guideline recommendation against such preventive measures as there is no evidence that it protects against TTO. Studies on tympanostomy tube design and material suggest that silicone tubes have a lower TTO risk and that biofilms appear to be mainly located in the perpendicular junction of the T-tubes and the round rims of the Paparella-type tubes. Another study shows that the biofilm-component DNAB-II protein is present in otorrhea of half of children with TTO. Targeting this protein could lead to a collapse of the biofilm structure and as such a potential new treatment for chronic TTO. New systematic reviews show that antibiotic eardrops are the most effective first-line treatment of acute TTO and suggest that an antibiotic–corticosteroid combination is more effective than antibiotic only. Although in many countries, quinolone eardrops are the preferred choice because of being non-ototoxic, one study found a higher risk of persistent perforation after tube extrusion in children treated with quinolone eardrops as compared with children treated with aminoglycoside eardrops.

Summary
Recent evidence confirms that water precautions for children with tympanostomy tubes are not effective in preventing TTO. Antibiotic–corticosteroid eardrops are the most effective treatment of acute TTO.
Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting as a Dural and Calvarial Metastasis Mimicking a Lipoma With Difficult Diagnosis of the Primary Lesion
Authors: Kayalar Ali Erhan , Eyupoglu Eylem Eren , Akyildiz Seda , Hasturk Askin Esen , Bakir Abdurrahman 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Calvarial and dural metastases of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) are rarely reported in the medical literature. Most frequent calvarial metastases are seen to originate from lung, breast, and prostate cancers. Thyroid cancer metastases are generally well vascularized and cause destruction in the bone tissues. First choice of treatment in distant metastases of PTC is surgery and radioactive iodine treatment for the primary cause. Postsurgical radiotherapy is used in accepted and suitable patients.
Planes of Reference for Orbital Fractures: A Technique for Reproducible Measurements of the Orbit on Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Cai Elijah Zhengyang , Chong Xin Tian , Ong Wan Li , Chan Lai San Felicia , Goh Jie Ying , Sundar Gangadhara , Lim Thiam Chye 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
Planes of reference for orbital fractures (PROF) was developed to standardize measurements made on orbital computed tomography scans. This study describes the use of PROF in determining the location along the orbital floor where the posterior ledge (PL) most commonly occurs. The transverse inclination and anterior-posterior inclination of the orbital floor will also be measured.

Methods:
This study evaluates 104 patients with unilateral orbital fracture. Fifty-two patients had intact infra-orbital margin (IM) and 52 had fractured IM. Facial computed tomography scans were analyzed using Osirix Lite Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine Viewer version 7.0.1 (Geneva, Switzerland). All skull positions were standardized by orientation according to Frankfurt and mid-sagittal planes. Measurements of distance of PL from IM were determined in the sagittal view. Measurements of the inclination of the orbital floor in the transverse and anterior-posterior sections were done on the coronal and sagittal views respectively.

Results:
For patients with intact and fractured IM, the mean distances of PL from IM were 22.1 mm (95% CI: 21.2–23.0) and 21.1 mm (95% CI: 20.2–21.9) respectively. Mean transverse inclination was 19.4° (95% CI: 18.3–20.5). Mean anterior-posterior inclination was 15.5° (95% CI: 14.5–16.5).

Conclusion:
Planes of reference for orbital fractures is a simple and effective method to acquire standardized measurements of the orbital cavity on computed tomography scans. Understanding the commonest location of PL and the orientation of the orbital floor in 3-dimensional space allows surgeons to perform dissection with greater precision.
Effect of Prior Radiotherapy on the Outcome of Submental Island Flap in Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Karimi Ebrahim , Badiei Reza , Aghazadeh Keivan , Sohrabpour Saeed , Yazdani Nasrin , Dabiri Sasan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The submental island flap is a new alternative to the reconstruction of various head and neck defects. But there has been a relative paucity of information about the use of this flap in irradiated patients. The authors present their preliminary experience in the use of this flap in irradiated and nonirradiated patients. Eighty-one patients (53 nonirradiated and 28 irradiated patients) underwent reconstruction with the submental island flap between March 2011 and August 2017. The authors have 13 patients of venous congestion (7 in nonirradiated and 6 in irradiated group), 7 patients of partial necrosis of the flap (4 in nonirradiated and 3 in irradiated group). The authors also have 3 patients of transient paralysis of marginal mandibular nerve (2 in the nonirradiated and 1 in irradiated group), and 2 patients of pharyngo-cutaneous fistula in nonirradiated group. The authors have no cases of total flap loss, permanent paralysis of marginal mandibular nerve but have dehiscence of the submental area after harvesting the flap in an irradiated patient. When combined with the reported experience of other surgeons, the authors’ preliminary experience showed that the submental island flap was an excellent alternative in the reconstruction of head and neck defects in both irradiated and nonirradiated patients because of its reliability, versatility, and relatively acceptable complications.
Circulating Monocyte Counts and its Impact on Outcomes in Patients With Severe Sepsis Including Septic Shock
Authors: Chung Hyunwoo , Lee Jae Hyuk , Jo You Hwan , Hwang Ji Eun , Kim Joonghee 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
This study was performed to evaluate the association of monocyte counts with mortality, the rate of bacteremia, and organ dysfunction and to evaluate whether the change in monocyte counts from the premorbid state to sepsis would differ between survivors and non-survivors in patients with severe sepsis including septic shock. A retrospective analysis of patients with severe sepsis including septic shock was performed. Monocyte counts were categorized into <250, 250–500, 500–750, and ≥750 cells/μL; in addition, 28-day mortality, the rate of bacteremia, and organ dysfunction were compared between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent association of initial blood cell counts with 28-day mortality. Subgroup analyses of patients who had premorbid data of blood cell counts were performed to evaluate the difference in the change in monocyte counts between survivors and non-survivors. During the study period, 2,012 patients were included. Neutrophil and monocyte counts were significantly different between survivors and non-survivors. However, only monocyte counts were independently associated with mortality in the multivariate logistic regression analyses. Patients with initial monocyte counts <250 cells/μL showed the highest mortality, rate of bacteremia, and organ dysfunction. In patients who had premorbid blood cell counts, the monocyte counts increased in survivors but decreased in non-survivors from the premorbid to sepsis. In conclusion, monocyte counts were associated with mortality, the rate of bacteremia, and organ dysfunction in patients with sepsis, possibly due to the relative lack of monocytopoiesis related to septic insults in non-survivors.
Performance of Patients with Early Parkinson Disease on an Executive and Social Cognition Battery
Authors: Esteves Sol , Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Torralva Teresa , Chade Anabel , Gómez Arévalo Gonzalo , Gershanik Oscar , Manes Facundo , Roca María 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
To demonstrate the usefulness of incorporating the Executive and Social Cognition Battery (ESCB) to detect executive and social cognition deficits, which are otherwise not captured by more “classical” executive tests in early Parkinson disease (PD).

Background:
PD is a neurodegenerative disorder that includes executive and social cognition deficits. While cognitive assessment in PD still relies on classical executive tasks to detect frontal deficits, these traditional tests often fail to uncover subtle, yet relevant, frontal impairment.

Methods:
We evaluated 39 PD patients and 47 controls with a battery of classical executive tests and the ESCB. The ESCB includes a series of tasks that more closely resemble real-life activities and have been previously shown to be useful in detecting executive deficits in other neuropsychiatric disorders with frontal involvement.

Results:
We observed that both batteries used in a complementary way yielded better results, as 15 of the 39 patients presented deficits only on some of the ESCB tests, but not on the classical battery, while 5 patients presented deficits only on some tests of the classical battery, but not on the ESCB. Fourteen patients presented deficits on some tests of either battery, and 5 patients did not present deficits on any of the tests.

Conclusions:
We found that, used along with traditional neuropsychological tasks, the ESCB may be useful in providing a more comprehensive evaluation of frontal dysfunction among patients with PD, thus contributing to the early diagnosis of cognitive disorders in this patient population.
Testing of Verbal Fluency in Egyptians: Cultural and Educational Challenges
Authors: Farghaly Marwa , Hussein Mona , Hassan Amr , Hegazy Mohamed , Sabbah Asmaa 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The importance of verbal fluency tasks as a cornerstone in cognitive assessment is now well acknowledged, as they provide fast, reliable tools for assessment of both verbal and executive function abilities.

Objectives:
To investigate the effect of age and education on verbal fluency and to develop a verbal fluency task that is culture-oriented and non-education-based to overcome the problem of illiteracy in Egypt.

Methods:
Two groups of participants were recruited, a normal cognition control group (n=79) and a clinically demented group (n=32). Phonemic verbal fluency was tested by asking participants to generate as many words as they could think of starting with the Arabic letter Haa; category fluency was evaluated using four semantic categories (animals, fruits, vegetables, and names).

Results:
Animal, vegetable, and name fluency tasks (unlike phonemic fluency and fruit) were not related to age and education, and they had better criterion validity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]=0.96, 0.91, and 0.92, respectively) than did letters and fruits (AUC=0.74 and 0.86, respectively). Our suggested cutoff points are 11 for the animal fluency task (sensitivity=94%, specificity=93%), 11 for vegetables (sensitivity=84%, specificity=88%), and 18 for names (sensitivity=91%, specificity=82%).

Conclusions:
Animals, vegetables, and names are reliable and appropriate categories to be used for culture-oriented and non-education-based verbal fluency tests.
The chemistry and pharmacology of putative synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) new psychoactive substances (NPS) 5F-PY-PICA, 5F-PY-PINACA, and their analogues
Authors: Banister Samuel D. , Kevin Richard C. , Martin Lewis , Adams Axel , Macdonald Christa , Manning Jamie J. , Boyd Rochelle , Cunningham Michael , Stevens Marc Y. , McGregor Iain S. , Glass Michelle , Connor Mark , Gerona Roy R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe structural diversity of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) new psychoactive substances (NPS) has increased since the first examples were reported a decade ago. 5F-PY-PICA and 5F-PY-PINACA were identified in 2015 as putative SCRA NPS, although nothing is known of their pharmacology. 5F-PY-PICA, 5F-PY-PINACA, and analogues intended to explore structure-activity relationships within this class of SCRAs were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry. Using competitive binding experiments and fluorescence-based plate reader membrane potential assays, the affinities and activities of all analogues at cannabinoid type 1 and type 2 receptors (CB1 and CB2) were evaluated. All ligands showed minimal affinity for CB1 (pKi < 5), although several demonstrated moderate CB2 binding (pKi = 5.45–6.99). At 10 μM none of the compounds produced an effect > 50% of CP55,950 at CB1, while several compounds showed a slightly higher relative efficacy at CB2. Unlike other SCRA NPS, 5F-PYPICA and 5F-PY-PINACA did not produce cannabimimetic effects in mice at doses up to 10 mg/kg.
Altered Gene Regulatory Networks are Associated with the Transition from C3 to Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Erycina (Oncidiinae: Orchidaceae)
Authors: Heyduk Karolina , Hwang Michelle , Albert Victor A. , Silvera Katia , Lan Tianying , Farr Kimberly M. , Chang Tien-Hao , Chan Ming-Tsair , Winter Klaus , Leebens-Mack Jim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCrassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis is a modification of the core C3 photosynthetic pathway that improves the ability of plants to assimilate carbon in water-limited environments. CAM plants fix CO2 mostly at night, when transpiration rates are low. All of the CAM pathway genes exist in ancestral C3 species, but the timing and magnitude of expression are greatly altered between C3 and CAM species. Understanding these regulatory changes is key to elucidating the mechanism by which CAM evolved from C3. Here we use two closely related species in the Orchidaceae, Erycina pusilla (CAM) and Erycina crista-galli (C3), to conduct comparative transcriptomic analyses across multiple time points. Clustering of genes with expression variation across the diel cycle revealed some canonical CAM pathway genes similarly expressed in both species, regardless of photosynthetic pathway. However, gene network construction indicated that 149 gene families had significant differences in network connectivity and were further explored for these functional enrichments. Genes involved in light sensing and ABA signaling were some of the most differently connected genes between the C3 and CAM Erycina species, in agreement with the contrasting diel patterns of stomatal conductance in C3 and CAM plants. Our results suggest changes to transcriptional cascades are important for the transition from C3 to CAM photosynthesis in Erycina.