bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous B1 and T1 mapping using spiral multislice variable flip angle acquisitions for whole‐brain coverage in less than one minute
Authors: Heule Rahel , Pfeuffer Josef , Meyer Craig H. , Bieri Oliver 
Published: November 2018

PurposeVariable flip angle (VFA)‐based T1 quantification techniques are highly sensitive to B1 inhomogeneities and to residual T2 dependency arising from incomplete spoiling. Here, a rapid spiral VFA acquisition scheme with high spoiling efficiency is proposed for simultaneous whole‐brain B1 and T1 mapping.MethodsVFA acquisitions at 2 different flip angles are performed to quantify T1 using a steady‐state prepared spiral 2D multislice spoiled gradient‐echo sequence with the acquisition of 10 and 20 spiral interleaves at 1.5T and 3T, respectively. Additionally, parallel imaging acceleration of factor 2 is investigated at 3T. The free induction decay induced by the preparation pulse is sampled by a single‐shot spiral readout to quantify B1.ResultsThe in vitro and in vivo validations yielded good agreement between the derived spiral VFA B1 and the acquired reference B1 maps as well as between the B1‐corrected spiral VFA T1 and the reference T1 maps. The spiral VFA acquisitions in the human brain delivered artifact‐free B1 and T1 maps and demonstrated high reproducibility at 1.5T and 3T.ConclusionReliable simultaneous spiral VFA B1 and T1 quantification was feasible with acquisition times of <1 min for whole‐brain coverage at clinically relevant resolution.
Hyperbaric oxygen significantly improves frequent urination, hyperalgesia, and tissue damage in a mouse long‐lasting cystitis model induced by an intravesical instillation of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Minami Akinori , Tanaka Tomoaki , Otoshi Taiyo , Kuratsukuri Katsuyuki , Nakatani Tatsuya 
Published: November 2018

AimTo investigate whether hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) is effective for the pathophysiological findings in an IC/PBS‐like mouse model induced by intravesical hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).MethodsSix‐week‐old ICR female mice (N = 16) were divided into four experimental groups: (1) sham control with intravesical vehicle instillation twice, and without subsequent treatment (N = 4); (2) H2O2 instillation twice, followed by HBO (100% O2, 2 ATA, 30 min per session) (N = 4); (3) H2O2 instillation twice, followed by dummy hyperbaric treatment (air, 2ATA, 30 min per session) (N = 4); and (4) H2O2 instillation twice, followed by no treatment (N = 4). Body weight, voiding frequency, tidal voiding volume, and individual bladder pain threshold using the von‐Frey test were measured. Whole body uptake of an inflammation‐specific fluorescent pan‐cathepsin was assessed by an in vivo imaging. Immunohistochemical staining and the mRNA expression of several biomarkers associated with chronic inflammation in resected bladders were evaluated.ResultsThe HBO‐treated group showed significant improvement in voiding frequency, tidal voiding volume, and the individual bladder pain threshold. Moreover, HBO markedly suppressed H2O2‐induced inflammation, edema, and fibrosis in bladder wall, concomitant with a significant decrease in mRNA expressions of inflammation biomarkers and a significant increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. HBO also inhibited the expression of transient receptor potential channels induced by H2O2 instillation.ConclusionThese results suggest that HBO contributes to elimination of H2O2‐induced long‐lasting cystitis through the repair of chronically inflamed bladder tissue and inhibition of the bladder sensory system.
Spinal cord stimulation ameliorates detrusor over‐activity and visceromotor pain responses in rats with cystitis
Authors: Chang Huiyi H. , Yeh Jih‐Chao , Mao Jackie , Ginsberg David A. , Ghoniem Gamal , Rodriguez Larissa V. 
Published: November 2018

AimInterstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome/(IC/PBS) results in recurring pain in the bladder and surrounding pelvic region caused by abnormal excitability of micturition reflexes. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is currently clinically used for the attenuation of neuropathic and visceral pain. The present study examined whether SCS at upper lumbar segments modulates detrusor overactivity and visceral hyperalgesia associated with cystitis in a rat model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)‐induced cystitis.MethodsCystitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of CYP (200 mg/kg) in six adult female Sprague Dawley rats 48 h prior to urodynamic recordings. Another six rats served as—controls with saline injection. Cystometry and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) electromyography during bladder infusion were evaluated under urethane anesthesia. The visceromotor reflexes (VMR) obtained from the external abdominal oblique muscle were quantified during bladder infusion and isotonic bladder distension (IBD), respectively. After baseline recordings were taken, SCS was applied on the dorsal surface of L3 for 25 min. Urodynamic recordings and VMR during bladder infusion and IBD were repeated 2 h after SCS.ResultsCYP resulted in detrusor overactivity, stronger EUS tonic contractions, and increased VMR. SCS significantly reduced non‐voiding contractions, prolonged EUS relaxation, and delayed VMR appearance during bladder infusion as well as significantly decreased VMR during IBD in cystitis rats.ConclusionSCS improved bladder function and EUS relaxation during bladder infusion and significantly attenuated visceral nociceptive‐related VMR during IBD in cystitis rats. SCS may have therapeutic potential for patients with hyperalgesia and IC/PBS.
Changes in cardiac autonomic nervous system activity during a course of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Suzuki Yoko , Miyajima Miho , Ohta Katsuya , Yoshida Noriko , Watanabe Takafumi , Fujiwara Mayo , Okumura Masaki , Nakamura Mitsuru , Sasano Tetsuo , Kawara Tokuhiro , Matsuura Masato , Matsushima Eisuke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimAlthough electroencephalogram (EEG) seizure duration and seizure threshold change during a course of electroconvulsive therapy, the mechanisms by which these factors influence heart rate during subsequent electroconvulsive therapy sessions are currently unclear. In the current study, we investigated changes in heart rate during electroconvulsive therapy.MethodsWe recorded electroencephalography and electrocardiography during electroconvulsive therapy in 12 patients with major depressive disorder. Baseline heart rate was defined as the mean heart rate in the 30 seconds prior to stimulus onset. The TimeMaxpeak refers to the maximum heart rate after stimulus onset. Time1/2points represent the time points at which the heart rate had decreased to a value midway between the baseline heart rate and the TimeMaxpeak. We examined the relationships between EEG seizure duration, TimeMax, and Time1/2throughout the course of electroconvulsive therapy.ResultsTime1/2decreased as the number of electroconvulsive sessions increased. Time1/2was positively correlated with EEG seizure duration.ConclusionThe duration in which electroconvulsive therapy‐induced sympathetic nervous system activation returned halfway to baseline levels gradually shortened during the course of electroconvulsive therapy.
Identification of detoxification genes in imidacloprid‐resistant Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Lividae) and their expression patterns under stress of eight insecticides
Authors: Tian Fajun , Li Chaofeng , Wang Zhengbing , Liu Jiali , Zeng Xinnian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is one of the major pests in citrus‐growing areas around the world. The application of insecticides is the most effective method to reduce the population of D. citri. However, D. citri has developed resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial to the management of D. citri. In this study, molecular assays were performed to characterize imidacloprid resistance mechanisms.RESULTSBased on the D. citri transcriptome database and other known insect resistance genes, 16 cytochrome P450, eight glutathione‐S‐transferase and six esterase genes were selected for cloning and sequencing. The gene expression analysis of 30 detoxification genes demonstrated that the relative expression of CYP4g15, CYP303A1, CYP4C62, CYP6BD5, GSTS1 and EST‐6 were moderately high (>5‐fold increase) in the imidacloprid‐resistant strain. Feeding of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) reduced the expression of the six genes (46.7%–72.1%) and resulted in significant adult mortality (65.62%–82.76%). We also determined the ability of different insecticides to induce the six selected genes. The expression of CYP4C62 and GSTS1 genes were the most significantly upregulated in adults treated with all insecticides, except for chlorfenapyr. In chlorfenapyr‐treated D. citri, expression of CYP4g15 and CYP303A1 were the most highly induced.CONCLUSIONOverexpressed detoxification genes were associated with imidacloprid resistance, as confirmed by RNA interference feeding tests. The induction of the six selected genes when exposed to different insecticides supported the hypothesis that they were involved in the metabolism of the tested insecticides. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Calculation of confidence intervals for a finite population size
Authors: Julious Steven A. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryFor any estimate of response, confidence intervals are important as they help quantify a plausible range of values for the population response. However, there may be instances in clinical research when the population size is finite, but we wish to take a sample from the population and make inference from this sample.Instances where you can have a fixed population size include when undertaking a clinical audit of patient records or in a clinical trial a researcher could be checking for transcription errors against patient notes.In this paper, we describe how confidence interval calculations can be calculated for a finite population. These confidence intervals are narrower than confidence intervals from population samples. For the extreme case of when a 100% sample from the population is taken, there is no error and the calculation is the population response.The methods in the paper are described using a case study from clinical data management.
Luitpold‐Hängebrücke über die Donau in Passau
Authors: Friedl Roland 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAugenscheinliche Korrosionsmerkmale an tragenden Stahl‐ und Stahlbetonbauteilen der erdverankerten Hängebrücke aus den Jahren 1948/49 machten eine Generalinstandsetzung insbesondere des Brückenüberbaus in Form einer Erneuerung der Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung an den Stahlbauteilen sowie einer Kompletterneuerung der Stahlbetonfahrbahnplatte notwendig. Auflagen seitens der Güter‐ und Personenschifffahrt, die notwendige Aufrechterhaltung eines Behelfsgehweges und während der Bauzeit nicht trennbare Versorgungsleitungen bestimmten den Bauablauf sowie den Zwang zur Einhaltung einer bestimmten Abfolge statisch konstruktiver Maßnahmen. Die auf engstem Raum inmitten der Passauer Altstadt durchzuführende Baumaßnahme wurde damit u. a. zu einer logistischen Herausforderung. Mangels Bestandsunterlagen kam der vorauseilenden Erarbeitung eines das Tragverhalten mit ausreichender Genauigkeit beschreibenden Rechenmodells besondere Bedeutung zu. Auf dessen Basis konnten dann die Nachweise für die Bauzustände sowie die Bemessung der zu erneuernden Bauteile erfolgen. Durch die rechnerische Berücksichtigung überkritischer Tragfähigkeitsreserven hinsichtlich des Beulverhaltens der längsversteiften Versteifungsträgerstege konnte dort auf aufwendige Verstärkungsmaßnahmen verzichtet werden. Das erarbeitete Rechenmodell wurde durch experimentelle Maßnahmen und ein baubegleitendes Monitoring validiert. Wie häufig beim Bauen im Bestand, wurde auch hier der volle Umfang der notwendigen Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen erst nach dem Rückbau der ersten Fahrbahnplattenabschnitte offensichtlich. Die ebenfalls erst während der Bauausführung zutage getretenen, bereits entfernt geglaubten bleihaltigen Altbeschichtungsrückstände erschwerten den Sanierungsablauf zusätzlich.
Research advances in HSS structures at Tsinghua University and codification of the design specification
Authors: Shi Gang , Chen Xuesen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Memoriam of Prof. Dr. Bernt JohanssonOwing to the advantages in economy, environmental protection and energy efficiency, high‐strength steel (HSS) has represented an important trend in the development of steel structures and has been adopted in numerous building and bridge structures. This article summarizes engineering applications for HSS structures and comprehensively reviews the recent research advances in HSS structures at Tsinghua University. Investigations were conducted into the behaviour and performance of HSS materials, sections, members, connections and structural systems. Based on the research results, the mechanical behaviour of HSS structures could be improved compared with ordinary strength steel structures. In order to update the current design codes so that they are applicable for HSS structures, a new specification in China, the ”Standard for Design of High‐Strength Steel Structures“, is undergoing codification, with Tsinghua University as the chief editorial institute. The outline of the specification, as well as the new design methods included in it, is introduced in this paper.
Lifespan Dispersion in Times of Life Expectancy Fluctuation: The Case of Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Aburto José Manuel , van Raalte Alyson 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCentral and Eastern Europe (CEE) have experienced considerable instability in mortality since the 1960s. Long periods of stagnating life expectancy were followed by rapid increases in life expectancy and, in some cases, even more rapid declines, before more recent periods of improvement. These trends have been well documented, but to date, no study has comprehensively explored trends in lifespan variation. We improved such analyses by incorporating life disparity as a health indicator alongside life expectancy, examining trends since the 1960s for 12 countries from the region. Generally, life disparity was high and fluctuated strongly over the period. For nearly 30 of these years, life expectancy and life disparity varied independently of each other, largely because mortality trends ran in opposite directions over different ages. Furthermore, we quantified the impact of large classes of diseases on life disparity trends since 1994 using a newly harmonized cause-of-death time series for eight countries in the region. Mortality patterns in CEE countries were heterogeneous and ran counter to the common patterns observed in most developed countries. They contribute to the discussion about life expectancy disparity by showing that expansion/compression levels do not necessarily mean lower/higher life expectancy or mortality deterioration/improvements.
Impact of Camera Deviation on Penile Curvature Assessment Using 2D Pictures
Authors: Nascimento Bruno , Cerqueira Ivan , Miranda Eduardo P. , Bessa Jose , Ivanovic Renato F. , Guglielmetti Giuliano , Nahas William C. , Srougi Miguel , Chiesa Giorgio A.E. , Cury Jose 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
An accurate curvature assessment (CA) is required in the decision-making process for patients with Peyronie’s disease. In-office CA following induced erection is the gold standard for CA, although penile photography is commonly used due to its convenience. Camera deviations during 2D image acquisition might affect CA accuracy.

Aim
To investigate the impact of camera angle deviations on CA.

Methods
2D pictures were taken from 5 models with a known uniplanar curvature (40°, 45°, 60°, 90°, and 120°). The model was kept on a fixed point and the camera was rotated around it. Pictures were taken with every 10° increase in camera deviation from the optimal position. The camera rotated to a maximum of 90° deviation in both the vertical and horizontal planes. The pictures were analyzed by 2 different urologists using a goniometer. The expected apparent curvature (AC) and the corresponding picture assessment error (PAE = AC – real model curvature) were also calculated for each picture using trigonometry principles.

Main Outcome Measure
Assessing PAE magnitude and patterns was our primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were intraobserver, interobserver, and observer-AC intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
100 pictures were analyzed. Intraobserver reliability was high (ICC = 0.99) for both urologists. Interobserver and observer-AC correlation were also high (ICC = 0.996 and ICC = 0.992, respectively). When the camera rotated in the horizontal axis, the PAE underestimated the curvature for models with curvatures smaller than 90° and overestimated the reading of the 120° model. When the camera rotated in the vertical axis, PAE had an inverse effect. The PAE showed a tendency to increase exponentially with higher deviation, reaching almost 100% for a deviation of 80°. Nevertheless, analyzing its magnitude regardless of the curvature, PAE was always &lt;5% for camera deviations of 0–20°.

Clinical Implications
If using picture-based CA, clinicians should attempt to take a picture perpendicular to the curvature plane for the most accurate measurement in degrees. Many clinicians request that patients take 3 pictures in a standard fashion (craniocaudal, lateral, and frontal), and if this technique is to be used, an extra picture is recommended.

Strength & Limitations
In our controlled environment, we were able to isolate CA errors due to camera angles from other confounders such as erection hardness. As a consequence, however, our results cannot be easily generalized.

Conclusion
PAE due to non-optimal camera position is a complex phenomenon that affects CA depending on the rotation axis and the degree of penile curvature. Nevertheless, PAE is always &lt;5% for camera deviations of 0–20°.
Impact of Pelvic Radiation Therapy on Inflatable Penile Prosthesis Reoperation Rates
Authors: Golan Ron , Patel Neal A. , Sun Tianyi , Barbieri Christopher E. , Sedrakyan Art , Kashanian James A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Considering that radiation therapy (RT) compromises soft tissue microvasculature, impairs wound healing, and causes cavernosal fibrosis, inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) outcomes may be adversely affected in men treated with RT.

Aim
To compare IPP outcomes among those who had undergone prior RT vs a cohort who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) before insertion of IPP.

Methods
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare Database was queried for men with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent RT (n = 83,277) or RP (n = 32,608) with subsequent IPP insertion between 2002 and 2013. Men who had undergone both RT and RP were excluded from the analysis.

Main Outcome Measure
The primary outcome was reoperation, defined by removal, revision, or replacement of the IPP.

Results
We identified 350 men who received an IPP following RT and 653 who received an IPP following RP. Men who underwent RT were older (P &lt; .01) and had more comorbidities (P &lt; .01). There were no significant differences in overall reoperation rates at 90 days (P = .78), 1 year (P = .52), or 3 years (P = .48). Time-to-event analysis demonstrated that RT was not associated with an increased likelihood of overall reoperation (hazard ratio [HR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–2.29, P = .09). There was no association between time from RT to IPP and overall reoperation rates.

Clinical Implications
Prior RT for the treatment of PCa does not impact the revision or removal rates of IPPs as compared with a cohort of non-radiated patients who underwent RP.

Strength & Limitations
The strength includes the analysis of outcomes among a contemporary, nationwide cohort with robust follow-up. Using diagnosis and procedure codes, we were thoroughly able to capture reoperations. Limitations include the lack of specific indications for reoperation and inability to control for surgeon experience or technique.

Conclusion
IPP is a safe and effective treatment of erectile dysfunction that should be offered to men with a history of pelvic radiation who have failed medical therapy.
The Power of Space and Memory: The Honorific Statuescape of Delphi
Authors: Grzesik Dominika 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the evolution and main characteristics of Delphi’s statuary landscape, focussing on the process of prestige spatialisation via erection of honorific portraits within the Delphic territory. My goal is to present trends and tendencies in placing honorific portraits at Delphi from the mid-fifth centuryb.c.to the late fourth centurya.d.The article focusses on issues surrounding the locations for honorific statues and how these featured in attempts to monopolise the sanctuary’s overall lay-out throughout by vying for the most conspicuous places at Delphi. I argue that the placement of honorific statues within the Delphictemenoswas not random but was in fact a precisely planned process which was influenced by several (variable) factors. These factors included the availability of space, the visibility of the monuments, and the number of visitors that could be expected. The relationship between Delphi and the League of the Aetolians is particularly stressed in association with the question regarding the nature of the Aetolian self-representation at Delphi. I contrast Delphi with Thermos to assess the degree to which the Aetolians dominated the sanctuary and how they presented themselves to both internal and external audiences.
THE DOMINATION GAME ON SPLIT GRAPHS
Authors: JAMES TIJO , KLAVŽAR SANDI , VIJAYAKUMAR AMBAT 
Published: November 2018

We investigate the domination game and the game domination number $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{g}$ in the class of split graphs. We prove that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{g}(G)\leq n/2$ for any isolate-free $n$-vertex split graph $G$, thus strengthening the conjectured $3n/5$ general bound and supporting Rall’s $\lceil n/2\rceil$-conjecture. We also characterise split graphs of even order with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{g}(G)=n/2$.
QUADRATIC NONRESIDUES AND NONPRIMITIVE ROOTS SATISFYING A COPRIMALITY CONDITION
Authors: CHATTOPADHYAY JAITRA , ROY BIDISHA , SARKAR SUBHA , THANGADURAI R. 
Published: November 2018

Let $q\geq 1$ be any integer and let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}\in [\frac{1}{11},\frac{1}{2})$ be a given real number. We prove that for all primes $p$ satisfying $$\begin{eqnarray}p\equiv 1\!\!\!\!\hspace{0.6em}({\rm mod}\hspace{0.2em}q),\quad \log \log p>\frac{2\log 6.83}{1-2\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}}\quad \text{and}\quad \frac{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(p-1)}{p-1}\leq \frac{1}{2}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D716},\end{eqnarray}$$ there exists a quadratic nonresidue $g$ which is not a primitive root modulo $p$ such that $\text{gcd}(g,(p-1)/q)=1$.