bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Treatment with a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol improves cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease mice by regulating klf5-NF-κB pathway
Authors: Yan Wenhao , Wu Jun , Song Bo , Luo Qiang , Xu Yuming 
Published: March 2019

Abstract10β,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) which is a brain-selective prodrug of 17β-estradiol has been reported to improve the cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice model. However, little is known about the potential mechanism for cognitive improvement. In the present study, we used AD mice to investigate the effects and mechanisms of DHED treatment. Female Tg2576 transgenic AD mice were ovariectomized and then treated by implanting Alzet osmotic minipumps containing DHED or vehicle subcutaneously for 8 weeks. Consistent with previous report, DHED treatment ameliorated cognitive function of AD mice with decreasing Aβ levels in the hippocampus. Besides, we also found DHED treatment could reduce oxidative and inflammatory stress and the level of p-tau. The mechanisms underlying the cognitive function improvement may be linked with estrogen receptor (ER)-klf5-NF-κB pathway, demonstrated by decreased expression of klf5 and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, the effects of DHED treatment could be reversed when ERα was inhibited by ICI182780. Taken together, our findings uncovered a new mechanism for DHED to improve the cognitive function of AD mice and may provide a viable therapy to treat AD.
Effects of codon optimization and glycosylation on the high-level production of hydroxynitrile lyase from Chamberlinius hualienensis in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Zhai Zhenyu , Nuylert Aem , Isobe Kimiyasu , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL) from the millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis has high potential for industrial use in the synthesis of cyanohydrins. However, obtaining sufficient amounts of millipedes is difficult, and the production of the Chamberlinius hualienensis HNL (ChuaHNL) in E. coli has not been very successful. Therefore, we investigated the conditions required for high-yield heterologous production of this enzyme using Pichia pastoris. When we employed P. pastoris to express His-ChuaHNL, the yield was very low (22.6 ± 3.8 U/L culture). Hence, we investigated the effects of ChuaHNL codon optimization and the co-production of two protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) [from P. pastoris (PpPDI) and C. hualienensis (ChuaPDI1, ChuaPDI2)] on His-ChuaHNL production. The productivity of His-ChuaHNL was increased approximately 140 times per unit culture to 3170 ± 144.7 U/L by the co-expression of codon-optimized ChuaHNL and PpPDI. Moreover, we revealed that the N-glycosylation on ChuaHNL had a large effect on the stability, enzyme secretion, and catalytic properties of ChuaHNL in P. pastoris. This study demonstrates an economical and efficient approach for the production of HNL, and the data show that glycosylation has a large effect on the enzyme properties and the P. pastoris expression system.
Quantitative analysis of age and life‐history stage related changes in DCX expression in the male Japanese quail (Cortunix japonica) telencephalon
Authors: Nkomozepi Pilani , Mazengenya Pedzisai , Ihunwo Amadi O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMost avian neurogenesis studies focused on the song control system and little attention has been given to non‐song birds such as the Japanese quail. However, the only few neurogenesis studies in quails mainly focused on the sex steroid sensitive areas of the brain such as the medial preoptic and lateral septal nuclei. Despite the important role the quail telencephalon plays in filial imprinting and passive avoidance learning, neurogenesis in this structure has been completely overlooked. The aim of this study was therefore to quantitatively determine how DCX expression in the Japanese quail telencephalon changes with post hatching age (3–12 weeks) and life history stage. In this study, DCX was used as a proxy for neuronal incorporation. Bipolar and multipolar DCX immunoreactive cells were observed in the entire telencephalon except for the entopallium and arcopallium. In addition, DCX expression in all the eight telencephalic areas quantified was strongly negatively correlated with post‐hatching age. Furthermore, numbers of bipolar and multipolar DCX immunoreactive cells were higher in the juvenile compared to subadult and adult quails. In conclusion, neuronal incorporation in the quail telencephalon is widespread but it declines with post hatching age. In addition, the most dramatic decline in neuronal incorporation in the telencephalic areas quantified takes place just after the birds have attained sexual maturity.
Surgical management of extracranial nerve sheath tumours in a tertiary care center
Authors: Pradhan Pradeep , Preetam Chappity , Samal Swagatika , Samal Dillip Kumar , Parida Pradipta Kumar 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveExcision of the nerve sheath tumours of head and neck is always a challenge to the surgeon because of their close proximity of the neurovascular structures.MethodsIt is a retrospective study contained 13 consecutive patients of nerve sheath tumours involving the head and neck from March 2013 to February 2017 in the department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery in a tertiary care referral hospital. The retrospective clinical data, diagnostic procedures, surgical approaches and their complications are analyzed after 12 months of surgery.ResultsTotal 13 patients, 7 were females and 6 were males. Painless neck swelling was the most common presentation found in 6 and the most common site of origin was the vagus nerve in the parapharyngeal space (6 patients). Transcervical excision of the tumour was performed in 7 patients. Six needed combined surgical approach for the excision of the tumours. Neurovascular injury was detected in 3 patients, and one patient had recurrent disease during the follow‐up period.ConclusionsExcision of the nerve sheath tumours of head and neck is always a challenge to the surgeon because of their close proximity of the neurovascular structure. Although the transcervical approach is commonly practiced for the majority of the tumours, combined approaches can be effectively applied for extensive nerve sheath tumours with the satisfactory clinical outcome.
The Mantle Transition Zone in Fennoscandia: Enigmatic High Topography Without Deep Mantle Thermal Anomaly
Authors: Makushkina Anna , Tauzin Benoît , Tkalčić Hrvoje , Thybo Hans 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSeismological data acquired by dense receiver networks in Fennoscandia enable imaging of Earth's upper mantle structure at unprecedented resolution and provide critical observations for resolving the ongoing debate on the cause of enigmatic high topography in Norway. Proposed mechanisms for the high topography include impact of a mantle plume, as supported by the observation of low seismic velocities in the uppermost mantle in southern Norway in contrast to high velocities in Sweden. We image the mantle transition zone (MTZ) in Fennoscandia by common conversion point stacking of 14,873 receiver functions from 14 networks including the recently deployed ScanArray. We find both MTZ discontinuities at their expected depths of 410 and 660 km within an uncertainty of 5–15 km and the thickness of the MTZ similar to the global average. These observations show that the high topography in western Scandinavia cannot be caused by thermal influence from the deep mantle.
The Role of the Southern Ocean in Abrupt Transitions and Hysteresis in Glacial Ocean Circulation
Authors: Hines Sophia K.V. , Thompson Andrew F. , Adkins Jess F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHigh‐latitude Northern Hemisphere climate during the last glacial period was characterized by a series of abrupt climate changes, known as Dansgaard‐Oeschger events, which were recorded in Greenland ice cores as shifts in the oxygen isotopic composition of the ice. These shifts in inferred Northern Hemisphere high‐latitude temperature have been linked to changes in Atlantic meridional overturning strength. The response of ocean overturning circulation to forcing is nonlinear and a hierarchy of models have suggested that it may exist in multiple steady state configurations. Here, we use a time‐dependent coarse‐resolution isopycnal model with four density classes and two basins, linked by a Southern Ocean to explore overturning states and their stability to changes in external parameters. The model exhibits hysteresis in both the steady state stratification and overturning strength as a function of the magnitude of North Atlantic Deep Water formation. Hysteresis occurs as a result of two nonlinearities in the model—the surface buoyancy distribution in the Southern Ocean and the vertical diffusivity profile in the Atlantic and Indo‐Pacific basins. We construct a metric to assess circulation configuration in the model, motivated by observations from the Last Glacial Maximum, which show a different circulation structure from the modern. We find that circulation configuration is primarily determined by North Atlantic Deep Water density. The model results are used to suggest how ocean conditions may have influenced the pattern of Dansgaard‐Oeschger events across the last glacial cycle.
Global Relationships Between River Width, Slope, Catchment Area, Meander Wavelength, Sinuosity, and Discharge
Authors: Frasson Renato Prata de Moraes , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Fonstad Mark A. , Durand Michael T. , Allen George H. , Schumann Guy , Lion Christine , Beighley R. Edward , Yang Xiao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing river centerlines created with Landsat images and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission digital elevation model, we created spatially continuous maps of mean annual flow river width, slope, meander wavelength, sinuosity, and catchment area for all rivers wider than 90 m located between 60°N and 56°S. We analyzed the distributions of these properties, identified their typical ranges, and explored relationships between river planform and slope. We found width to be directly associated with the magnitude of meander wavelength and catchment area. Moreover, we found that narrower rivers show a larger range of slope and sinuosity values than wider rivers. Finally, by comparing simulated discharge from a water balance model with measured widths, we show that power laws between mean annual discharge and width can predict width typically to −35% to +81%, even when a single relationship is applied across all rivers with discharge ranging from 100 to 50,000 m3/s.
First In Situ Observations of Gaseous Volcanic Plume Electrification
Authors: Nicoll Keri , Airey Martin , Cimarelli Corrado , Bennett Alec , Harrison Giles , Gaudin Damien , Aplin Karen , Koh Kuang Liang , Knuever Marco , Marlton Graeme 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVolcanic plumes become electrically charged, often producing spectacular displays of lightning. Previous research has focused on understanding volcanic lightning, primarily the large electric fields produced by charging of ash particles. Here we report on the previously overlooked phenomenon of volcanic plume electrification in the absence of detectable ash. We present the first in situ vertical profile measurements of charge, thermodynamic, and microphysical properties inside predominantly gaseous plumes directly above an erupting volcano. Our measurements demonstrate that substantial charge (at least ±8,000 pC/m3) is present in gaseous volcanic clouds without detectable ash. We suggest that plume charging may be enhanced by the emission of radon gas from the volcano, which causes ionization. This presents a hitherto unrecognized, but likely to be common, mechanism for charge generation in volcanic plumes, which is expected to modulate plume characteristics and lifetime. This process is currently neglected in recognized mechanisms of volcanic plume electrification.
Non‐contact method based on intensity modulation of light for measurement of vibration of a thin cantilever beam
Authors: Roy Ram Kishore , Bezboruah Tulshi 
Published: March 2019

A non‐contact method based on intensity modulation of light for measurement of vibration of a thin cantilever beam (CB) is presented in this study. The system consists of a laser source, a photo‐detector‐based signal conditioning and comparator circuit, an ATmega8 microcontroller based data acquisition system and an interface with personal computer. The sensing principle is based on modulation of intensity of light falling laterally on a vibrating CB. The photo‐detector detects the modulated light and generates pulses, which is processed by signal conditioning and comparator circuit. The output of the comparator consists of alternative high and low transistor–transistor logic pulses, interfaced to two pins of the microcontroller simultaneously; one to external event counter and the other to input wave capture. The microcontroller is used to measure the frequency, width of high and low pulses. The system is calibrated using a Tektronix AFG3251C Arbitrary Function Generator. The % error in measurement of width of pulses is found to be within the range +0.12 to −0.41%, whereas 0% measurement error is observed in the measurement of frequency. Experimental results obtained under free vibration tests of two samples of thin CB of 0.4 and 0.5 mm thickness are also presented.
Stochastic solar harvesting characterisation for sustainable sensor node operation
Authors: Kaushik K , Mishra Deepak , De Swades 
Published: March 2019

Self‐sustainability of wireless sensor nodes is the need of the hour to realise ubiquitous wireless networks. To this end, the authors investigate practical feasibility of a sustainable green sensor network with solar‐powered nodes. They propose simple‐yet‐efficient (i) analytical circuit model for solar‐assisted supercapacitor charging and (ii) statistical model for characterising the solar intensity distribution. Combining these circuit and statistical models, they derive a novel solar charging rate distribution for supercapacitor. For analytical insights, they also propose an ideal diode‐based tight approximation for the practical supercapacitor charging circuit model. Accuracy of these proposed analytical models are validated by extensive numerical simulations based on real‐world solar intensity profile and panel characteristics. The derived solar charging rate distribution is used to investigate the energy outage probability of a sensor node for a given sensing rate. The results suggest that, for an energy outage probability of 0.1, at New Delhi, a 40 F supercapacitor and a 3 W solar panel can support the operation of Waspmote with six on‐board gas sensors at a rate of 65 samples per day. Furthermore, they use the proposed models to estimate the practical supercapacitor and panel sizes for sustainable operation at different geographical locations with varying sensing rate.
Sensitivität und Spezifität des Sprachstandserhebungstests für Kinder im Alter zwischen 3 und 5 Jahren
Authors: Rennecke Lisa , Melzer Jessica , Ronniger Pola , Petermann Franz 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Um sprachliche Defizite im Kindergartenalter frühzeitig zu erkennen, ist eine zuverlässige und störungsspezifische Diagnostik bedeutsam. Die vorliegende Studie überprüft, inwieweit der Sprachstandserhebungstest für Kinder im Alter zwischen 3 und 5 Jahren (SET 3 – 5) zwischen Kindern mit und ohne Sprachentwicklungsstörungen sowie zwischen verschiedenen Störungsschwerpunkten (expressive oder gemischt rezeptiv-expressive Störungen) differenzieren kann.
Methode Es wurden N = 80 Kinder zwischen 4;0 – 5;11 Jahren berücksichtigt, anhand von ROC-Analysen wurden Sensitivität und Spezifität untersucht.
Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der SET 3 – 5 je nach Untertest Sensitivitäten zwischen 0,75 und 0,95 und Spezifitäten zwischen 0,75 und 0,93 aufweist und somit in der Lage ist, Sprachentwicklungsstörungen zu spezifizieren.
Diskussion Der SET 3 – 5 stellt ein geeignetes Erhebungsverfahren dar, um Sprachentwicklungsstörungen im ambulanten und stationären Sektor im Kindergartenalter zu erfassen. Dabei kann das Verfahren sehr gut zwischen verschiedenen Störungsschwerpunkten differenzieren und betroffene Kinder korrekt identifizieren.
Die Untersuchung zellfreier DNA durch Liquid Biopsy in der Medizin
Authors: Eiben Bernd , Glaubitz Ralf , Schütz Ekkehard , Beck Julia , Eiben Christian , Teubert Anna , Wagner Helmut , Winkler Thomas , Kupatt Wolf , Oellerich Michael 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungBei Diagnostik und Monitoring von Tumoren stellten bisher bild- oder biopsiebasierte Verfahren den Goldstandard dar. Neuere Verfahren könnten dieses Vorgehen verändern. So ist es gelungen, zirkulierende Tumorzellen direkt aus dem peripheren Blut zu isolieren und zu charakterisieren. Intratumorale Zellheterogenitäten stellen sich hierbei jedoch als problematisch dar, da diese zu fehlerhaften Betrachtungen führen können. Durch die Analyse von zellfreier Tumor-DNA aus Tumorabbauprodukten im peripheren Blut (sog. Liquid Biopsy) mittels neuester Sequenziertechniken (NGS) können nun auch sehr komplexe Zusammenhänge analysiert werden. Dadurch werden sowohl Einzelgenveränderungen als auch gesamtgenomische Kopienzahlveränderungen (sog. copy number variations, CNV) erkennbar. Bei über 90% der malignen Tumoren lassen sich größere CNV-Abweichungen nachweisen. Der Grad der CNV-Abweichung vom Normalzustand lässt sich in copy number instability (CNI)-Scores standardisieren. Dadurch ist der CNI-Score ein vielversprechender klinischer Biomarker für die Risikostratifizierung und das individualisierte Therapiemonitoring mit dem Potenzial, die Gesundheitskosten und die Krankheitsbelastung für Krebspatienten zu senken.
Welcher Anteil der Medikamentenverordnungen in Deutschland ist
evidenzbasiert?
Authors: Hirsch Oliver , Donner-Banzhoff Norbert 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die medizinische Versorgung hat sich an der Evidenz aus validen und
relevanten Studien zu orientieren; dieses Prinzip ist in Deutschland sozialrechtlich normiert.
Der Medikationskatalog der Kassenärztlichen Bundesvereinigung bietet für
mehrere Verordnungsgebiete eine systematische Klassifizierung von Medikamenten nach der
zugrundeliegenden Studienevidenz, der Sicherheit und des indikationsgerechten Einsatzes der
entsprechenden Substanz.
Methodik Die Auswertungen beruhen auf den Arzneiverordnungsdaten nach §300 SGB
V des Jahres 2014. Die jeweiligen Substanzen sind als „Standard“ (1.
Priorität), „Reserve“ (2. Priorität) oder „nachrangig
zu verordnen“ (3. Priorität) eingestuft. Es werden die Anteile an den
Verordnungen der 1. und 3. Prioritäten des Medikationskataloges bei den Fachgruppen
der Hausärzte, der Kardiologen und der
Neurologen/Psychiater/Nervenärzte berichtet, da deren Verordnungen
eine hohe Abdeckung durch den Medikationskatalog aufweisen.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt liegt der Anteil bei den Hausärzten in der 1.
Priorität bei etwas mehr als zwei Dritteln. Den höchsten Anteil der Kategorie
1 hat Bremen; die niedrigsten Anteile finden sich in den neuen Bundesländern. In der
kardiologischen Versorgung macht die Priorität 1 ca. 54%, in der
neurologisch-psychiatrischen Versorgung ca. 41% der Verordnungen (DDDs) aus. Der
Anteil der Priorität 3 ist in der Kardiologie mit einem Fünftel der
Verordnungen am höchsten, bei den Hausärzten mit 16% am niedrigsten;
die neurologisch-psychiatrische Versorgung nimmt mit 17.7% eine mittlere Position
ein.
Schlussfolgerungen Überwiegend entsprechen die analysierten Verordnungen der
Priorität 1 des Medikationskatalogs. Dabei ergeben sich jedoch Variationen nach
Fachgebieten und Regionen (Ländern). Der Medikationskatalog bietet die Chance, die
Perspektiven von Qualität und indikationsgerechtem Einsatz zu verbinden.
Evaluation of Skull Base Tumors with Dynamic TurboFLASH MRI during Gadolinium Injection
Authors: Trasimeni Guido , Auconi Marina , Grossi Andrea , Gagliardo Olga , Romano Andrea , Covelli Edoardo , Bozzao Alessandro 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background and Purpose This study was aimed to investigate the role of dynamic TurboFLASH gadolinium (Gd) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in improving the differential diagnosis of skull base tumors.
Methods Eleven patients with skull base tumors underwent standard MR and ultrafast TurboFLASH sequence during gadolinium injection.
Results The characterization of tumor vascularity was performed. Different patterns of gadolinium uptake for each tumor type were observed. This is particularly important to identify tumors at high risk of intraoperative bleeding. All glomus tumors, typically highly vascularized, showed an enhancement at the arterial phase, reflecting the arterialization of these tumors which is not detectable on conventional MR. No signal increase at the arterial phase was instead observed in other cases in which the ruling out of a glomus tumor was important because of the location of the lesion. Moreover TurboFLASH identified the pathognomonic “filling-in” profile of cavernous sinus cavernous hemangiomas (CSCH), that is, the progressive centripetal enhancement of the lesion at the beginning of the venous phase.
Conclusion The dynamic analysis of tumor contrast enhancement with the TurboFLASH sequence provides useful additional information to that obtained with conventional MR, improving the differential diagnosis of skull base tumors, particularly in the distinction between glomus and nonglomus tumors and in diagnosing CSCH.
Elevated signature of a gene module coexpressed with CDC20 marks genomic instability in glioma
Authors: Zhang Yunqiu , Li Jiuyi , Yi Kaikai , Feng Jing , Cong Zhengmin , Wang Zheng , Wei Yanfei , Wu Fan , Cheng Wen , Samo Ayaz Ali , Salomoni Paolo , Yang Qiong , Huang Yu , Kang Chunsheng , Jiang Tao , Fan Xiaolong 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Genomic instability fuels tumor progression and treatment resistance in cancer. Causative factors and means for clinical detection of genomic instability in the bulk of gliomas have been inadequately explored. We identify a conserved gene coexpression module centered on CDC20 (CDC20-M) in glioma transcriptomes that encompasses broad activities of cell proliferation and genome maintenance. We show that high CDC20-M expression robustly predicts poor prognosis and severe chromosomal instability and mutation burden in glioma. Core members of CDC20-M, including AURKA, are dysregulated and may provide new therapeutic targets in glioma. These data suggest that the CDC20-M signature could be applied for risk stratification and for the development of treatment protocols for glioma and other cancers.
An integrated bioeconomic local economy-wide assessment of the environmental impacts of poverty programs
Authors: Gilliland Ted E. , Sanchirico James N. , Taylor J. Edward 
Published: March 2019

Significance
Cash transfer programs assist hundreds of millions of poor individuals in developing countries. However, they create local demand shocks that can cause environmental damage. Degradation of the local environment has consequences for the well-being of local people, but these impacts have not been quantified. We model how cash transfers affect household incomes and market-driven natural resource use. We find that environmental degradation can reduce income benefits of these programs, particularly for individuals whose livelihoods depend directly on natural resources. Our results suggest that cash transfer programs need to be implemented in tandem with environmental policies to achieve welfare gains and mitigate environmental damages that in turn economically harm communities.