bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solar simulated light exposure alters metabolization and genotoxicity induced by benzo[a]pyrene in human skin
Authors: von Koschembahr Anne , Youssef Antonia , Béal David , Calissi Clément , Bourgart Etienne , Marques Marie , Leccia Marie-Thérèse , Giot Jean-Philippe , Maitre Anne , Douki Thierry 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSkin is a major barrier against external insults and is exposed to combinations of chemical and/or physical toxic agents. Co-exposure to the carcinogenic benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and solar UV radiation is highly relevant in human health, especially in occupational safety. In vitro studies have suggested that UVB enhances B[a]P genotoxicity by activating the AhR pathway and overexpressing the cytochrome P450 enzymes responsible for the conversion of B[a]P into DNA damaging metabolites. Our present work involved more realistic conditions, namely ex vivo human skin explants and simulated sunlight (SSL) as a UV source. We found that topically applied B[a]P strongly induced expression of cutaneous cytochrome P450 genes and formation of DNA adducts. However, gene induction was significantly reduced when B[a]P was combined with SSL. Consequently, formation of BPDE-adducts was also reduced when B[a]P was associated with SSL. Similar results were obtained with primary cultures of human keratinocytes. These results indicate that UV significantly impairs B[a]P metabolism, and decreases rather than increases immediate toxicity. However, it cannot be ruled out that decreased metabolism leads to accumulation of B[a]P and delayed genotoxicity.
Profiling circRNA and miRNA of radiation-induced esophageal injury in a rat model
Authors: Luo Judong , Zhang Changsong , Zhan Qiang , An Fangmei , Zhu Wenyu , Jiang Hua , Ma Changsheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEvidence has also shown that micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) plays an important role in many cellular processes. However, it is unclear how ionizing radiation causes the miRNA and circular ribonucleic acid (circRNA) expression levels to change and how this change relates to esophageal injury. We analyzed RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq) data from normal esophageal tissue and irradiated esophageal tissues and used computational approaches to identify and characterize differentially expressed miRNAs and circRNAs. We detected 27 miRNAs and 197 circRNAs that had significantly different expression levels after ionizing radiation treatment compared with normal control.Among the 27 miRNAs, 7 miRNAs were down-regulated, and the other 20 were up-regulated. Their target genes were found to be involved in responses to wound, lipid biosynthesis, cell proliferation, cell migration, chemokine activity, hairpin binding, and the cell membrane system. We also found 197 differentially expressed circRNAs in total, of which 87 were up-regulated and 110 were down-regulated. Notably, we found that differentially expressed circRNAs were enriched in cell differentiation, epithelial cell migration, striatum development, protein binding, extracellular exosome, and focal adhesion functions. Of the related processes, sphingolipid metabolism was notable. Many of the differentially expressed circRNAs were involved in sphingolipid metabolism pathways. Cells responded to ionizing radiation (IR) using multiple pathways, which led to sphingolipid metabolism and other immune responses, ultimately leading to esophageal injury.IR-induced esophageal injury is worth studying, especially the dynamic network of circRNA and miRNA. By knowing the regulatory details of related pathways, radiation-related esophageal injury can be prevented, and the efficiency of radiation therapy can be enhanced.
How phosphorylation influences E1 subunit pyruvate dehydrogenase: A computational study
Authors: Sgrignani Jacopo , Chen JingJing , Alimonti Andrea , Cavalli Andrea 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPyruvate (PYR) dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is an enzymatic system that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism as it controls the entry of carbon into the Krebs cycle. From a structural point of view, PDC is formed by three different subunits (E1, E2 and E3) capable of catalyzing the three reaction steps necessary for the full conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Recent investigations pointed out the crucial role of this enzyme in the replication and survival of specific cancer cell lines, renewing the interest of the scientific community. Here, we report the results of our molecular dynamics studies on the mechanism by which posttranslational modifications, in particular the phosphorylation of three serine residues (Ser-264-α, Ser-271-α, and Ser-203-α), influence the enzymatic function of the protein. Our results support the hypothesis that the phosphorylation of Ser-264-α and Ser-271-α leads to (1) a perturbation of the catalytic site structure and dynamics and, especially in the case of Ser-264-α, to (2) a reduction in the affinity of E1 for the substrate. Additionally, an analysis of the channels connecting the external environment with the catalytic site indicates that the inhibitory effect should not be due to the occlusion of the access/egress pathways to/from the active site.
Additive Manufactured and Topology Optimized Passive Shimming Elements for Permanent Magnetic Systems
Authors: Huber Christian , Goertler Michael , Abert Claas , Bruckner Florian , Groenefeld Martin , Teliban Iulian , Suess Dieter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA method to create a highly homogeneous magnetic field by applying topology optimized, additively manufactured passive shimming elements is investigated. The topology optimization algorithm can calculate a suitable permanent and nonlinear soft magnetic design that fulfills the desired field properties. The permanent magnetic particles are bonded in a polyamide matrix and they are manufactured with a low-cost, end-user 3D printer. Stray field measurements and an inverse stray field simulation framework can determine printing and magnetization errors. The customized shimming elements are manufactured by a selective melting process which produces completely dense soft magnetic metal parts. The methodology is demonstrated on a simple example of two axial symmetric cylindrical magnets, which generates a high inhomogeneous magnetic field. In this case, the maximum magnetic field density is 25 mT and the the homogeneity can be increased by a factor of 35 or down to 6‰. Simulation and measurement results point out a good conformity. Additional topology optimizations of more than one shimming element layer show the opportunity to make the manufactured magnetic system even more homogeneous.
Robustness of Voltage-induced Magnetocapacitance
Authors: Kaiju Hideo , Misawa Takahiro , Nagahama Taro , Komine Takashi , Kitakami Osamu , Fujioka Masaya , Nishii Junji , Xiao Gang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne of the most important achievements in the field of spintronics is the development of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). MTJs exhibit a large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR). However, TMR is strongly dependent on biasing voltage, generally, decreasing with applying bias. The rapid decay of TMR was a major deficiency of MTJs. Here we report a new phenomenon at room temperature, in which the tunneling magnetocapacitance (TMC) increases with biasing voltage in an MTJ system based on Co40Fe40B20/MgO/Co40Fe40B20. We have observed a maximum TMC value of 102% under appropriate biasing, which is the largest voltage-induced TMC effect ever reported for MTJs. We have found excellent agreement between theory and experiment for the bipolar biasing regions using Debye-Fröhlich model combined with quartic barrier approximation and spin-dependent drift-diffusion model. Based on our calculation, we predict that the voltage-induced TMC ratio could reach 1100% in MTJs with a corresponding TMR value of 604%. Our work has provided a new understanding on the voltage-induced AC spin-dependent transport in MTJs. The results reported here may open a novel pathway for spintronics applications, e.g., non-volatile memories and spin logic circuits.
Spider silk proteome provides insight into the structural characterization of Nephila clavipes flagelliform spidroin
Authors: dos Santos-Pinto José Roberto Aparecido , Arcuri Helen Andrade , Esteves Franciele Grego , Palma Mario Sergio , Lubec Gert 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe capture spiral of web from N. clavipes spider consists of a single type of spidroin - the flagelliform silk protein, a natural material representing a combination of strength and high elasticity. Flagelliform spider silk is the most extensible silk fibre produced by orb weaver spiders and the structure of this remarkable material is still largely unknown. In the present study we used a proteomic approach to elucidate the complete sequence and the post-translational modifications of flagelliform silk proteins. The long sequence of flagelliform silk protein presents 45 hydroxylated proline residues, which may contribute to explain the mechanoelastic property of these fibres, since they are located in the GPGGX motif. The 3D-structure of the protein was modelled considering the three domains together, i.e., the N- and C-terminal non-repetitive domains, and the central repetitive domain. In the resulting molecular model there is a predominance of random structures in the solid fibres of the silk protein. The N-terminal domain is composed of three α-helices and the C-terminal domain is composed of one small helical section. Proteomic data reported herein may be relevant for the development of novel approaches for the synthetic or recombinant production of novel silk-based spider polymers.
A phage-based assay for the rapid, quantitative, and single CFU visualization of E. coli (ECOR #13) in drinking water
Authors: Hinkley Troy C. , Singh Sangita , Garing Spencer , Le Ny Anne-Laure M. , Nichols Kevin P. , Peters Joseph E. , Talbert Joey N. , Nugen Sam R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDrinking water standards in the United States mandate a zero tolerance of generic E. coli in 100 mL of water. The presence of E. coli in drinking water indicates that favorable environmental conditions exist that could have resulted in pathogen contamination. Therefore, the rapid and specific enumeration of E. coli in contaminated drinking water is critical to mitigate significant risks to public health. To meet this challenge, we developed a bacteriophage-based membrane filtration assay that employs novel fusion reporter enzymes to fully quantify E. coli in less than half the time required for traditional enrichment assays. A luciferase and an alkaline phosphatase, both specifically engineered for increased enzymatic activity, were selected as reporter probes due to their strong signal, small size, and low background. The genes for the reporter enzymes were fused to genes for carbohydrate binding modules specific to cellulose. These constructs were then inserted into the E. coli-specific phage T7 which were used to infect E. coli trapped on a cellulose filter. During the infection, the reporters were expressed and released from the bacterial cells following the lytic infection cycle. The binding modules facilitated the immobilization of the reporter probes on the cellulose filter in proximity to the lysed cells. Following substrate addition, the location and quantification of E. coli cells could then be determined visually or using bioluminescence imaging for the alkaline phosphatase and luciferase reporters, respectively. As a result, a detection assay capable of quantitatively detecting E. coli in drinking water with similar results to established methods, but less than half the assay time was developed.
Genetically engineered minipigs model the major clinical features of human neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Isakson Sara H. , Rizzardi Anthony E. , Coutts Alexander W. , Carlson Daniel F. , Kirstein Mark N. , Fisher James , Vitte Jeremie , Williams Kyle B. , Pluhar G. Elizabeth , Dahiya Sonika , Widemann Brigitte C. , Dombi Eva , Rizvi Tilat , Ratner Nancy , Messiaen Ludwine , Stemmer-Rachamimov Anat O. , Fahrenkrug Scott C. , Gutmann David H. , Giovannini Marco , Moertel Christopher L. , Largaespada David A. , Watson Adrienne L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNeurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a genetic disease caused by mutations inNeurofibromin 1(NF1). NF1 patients present with a variety of clinical manifestations and are predisposed to cancer development. Many NF1 animal models have been developed, yet none display the spectrum of disease seen in patients and the translational impact of these models has been limited. We describe a minipig model that exhibits clinical hallmarks of NF1, including café au lait macules, neurofibromas, and optic pathway glioma. Spontaneous loss of heterozygosity is observed in this model, a phenomenon also described in NF1 patients. Oral administration of a mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor suppresses Ras signaling. To our knowledge, this model provides an unprecedented opportunity to study the complex biology and natural history of NF1 and could prove indispensable for development of imaging methods, biomarkers, and evaluation of safety and efficacy of NF1-targeted therapies.
Vers une orthodontie contemporaine et raisonnée. Un entretien avec Chris Chang
Authors: Chang Chris , Renger Stéphane 
Published: September 2018

Chris Chang est membre du Board américain d’orthodontie et éditeur en chef du journal international de l’orthodontie numérique. Il est aussi membre de la société d’Angle du centre ouest aux États-Unis, fondateur et actuel président du Centre Orthodontique « Newton’s A et Beethoven » à Taiwan.
Il a obtenu son doctorat (PhD) en physiologie osseuse en 1994 et son certificat en orthodontie de l’Université d’Indiana-Purdue en 1996.
Il est l’auteur de sept livres numériques, et co-auteur de nombreux articles dans different journaux professionnels, et est reconnu internationalement pour son expertise dans l’utilisation de mécaniques simplifiées lors de traitements pluridisciplinaires.
Outre ses activités d’enseignant, il est l’inventeur d’une mini-vis orthodontique en acier (OBS).
Nutrition for the Young Athlete
Authors: Llorente-Cantarero Francisco , Palomino-Fernández Laura , Gil-Campos Mercedes 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChild athletes require a healthy and balanced nutrition according to the type and intensity of the sport activity. This review aims to provide integrated and updated information to establish adequate nutritional guidelines for these children, essentially avoiding deficiencies or unbalances that can be harmful for their health. A lack of vitamins and minerals can affect their health especially at long term and depending on the type of sport and age of the child. The diet must be controlled without any nutritional supplements. It is also important to know which nutrients can improve performance of the child athlete during both training and competition. In conclusion, the contribution of macro- and micronutrients to the diet, together with an adequate hydration according to the energy expenditure must be controlled for child athletes to ensure a good status of health.
Extended Treatment with Apixaban for Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in the Netherlands: Clinical and Economic Effects
Authors: de Jong Lisa , Gout-Zwart Judith , Stevanovic Jelena , Rila Harrie , Koops Mike , Huisman Menno , Postma Maarten 
Published: September 2018

Background Dutch guidelines advise extended anticoagulant treatment with direct oral anticoagulants or vitamin K antagonists for patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism (VTE) who do not have high bleeding risk.
Objectives The aim of this study was to analyze the economic effects of extended treatment of apixaban in the Netherlands, based on an updated and adapted previously published model.
Methods We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis simulating a population of 1,000 VTE patients. The base-case analysis compared extended apixaban treatment to no treatment after the first 6 months. Five additional scenarios were conducted to evaluate the effect of different bleeding risks and health care payers' perspective. The primary outcome of the model is the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in costs (€) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), with one QALY defined as 1 year in perfect health. To account for any influence of the uncertainties in the model, probabilistic and univariate sensitivity analyses were conducted. The treatment was considered cost-effective with an ICER less than €20,000/QALY, which is the most commonly used willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold for preventive drugs in the Netherlands.
Results The model showed a reduction in recurrent VTE and no increase in major bleeding events for extended treatment in all scenarios. The base-case analysis showed an ICER of €9,653/QALY. The probability of being cost-effective for apixaban in the base-case was 70.0% and 91.4% at a WTP threshold of €20,000/QALY and €50,000/QALY, respectively.
Conclusion Extended treatment with apixaban is cost-effective for the prevention of recurrent VTE in Dutch patients.
Fashion language and translatology
Authors: Bojović Brankica 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
My study is based on art exhibitions, fashion shows, photo books, movies, magazines, advertisements, blogs, scientific papers and
interviews, and fashion vocabulary. Philology literally means love for the word. It is the love for the word that
unites philologists with translators, researchers, scientists, and fashion specialists.
The translatological analysis of this specialist language is a reduced selection of 200 idioms, illustrative examples from English,
Montenegrin or Serbian, and Italian. Also, habitual fashion collocations constitute a significant part of the translatological
analysis. I have completed my analysis with contemporary terminology of fashion clothing terms and words in English and their
equivalents in Italian, almost 150 of them, compiled in a small glossary. This small glossary will be of great help to fashion and
clothing industry professionals.
Through their level of engagement, public figures from the world of art, music, fashion and politics, as well-known officials,
actors or celebrities, have become the new trend-setters in all societies and also dictators of fashion, because they set the
trends and fashion standards which others follow.
Generating the Fukaya categories of Hamiltonian 𝐺-manifolds
Authors: Evans Jonathan , Lekili Yankı 
Published: September 2018

Let

G
G

be a compact Lie group, and let

k
k

be a field of characteristic

p
≥
0

p \geq 0

such that

H
∗

(
G
)

H^*(G)

has no

p
p

-torsion if

p
>
0

p>0

. We show that a free Lagrangian orbit of a Hamiltonian

G
G

-action on a compact, monotone, symplectic manifold

X
X

split-generates an idempotent summand of the monotone Fukaya category

F

(
X
;
k
)

\mathcal {F}(X; k)

if and only if it represents a nonzero object of that summand (slightly more general results are also provided). Our result is based on an explicit understanding of the wrapped Fukaya category

W

(

T
∗

G
;
k
)

\mathcal {W}(T^*G; k)

through Koszul twisted complexes involving the zero-section and a cotangent fibre and on a functor

D
b

W

(

T
∗

G
;
k
)
→

D
b

F

(

X

−

×
X
;
k
)

D^b \mathcal {W}(T^*G; k) \to D^b\mathcal {F}(X^{-} \times X; k)

canonically associated to the Hamiltonian

G
G

-action on

X
X

. We explore several examples which can be studied in a uniform manner, including toric Fano varieties and certain Grassmannians.
Emerging Aspergillus Species Almost Exclusively Associated With Primary Immunodeficiencies
Authors: Seyedmousavi S , Lionakis M S , Parta M , Peterson S W , Kwon-Chung K J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most serious mold infection encountered in patients with iatrogenic immunosuppression. IA is also a major cause of mortality and morbidity in individuals with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Although Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common etiologic agent of IA reported in PID patients, followed by A. nidulans, multiple poorly recognized Aspergillus species such as A. udagawae, A. quadrilineatus, A. pseudoviridinutans, A. tanneri, A. subramanianii, and A. fumisynnematus have been reported almost exclusively from patients with inborn defects in host antifungal defense pathways. Infection in PID patients exhibits patterns of disease progression distinct from those in iatrogenic immunosuppression. Specifically, the disease can be extrapulmonary and chronic with a tendency to disseminate in a contiguous manner across anatomical planes. It is also more refractory to standard antifungal therapy. This synopsis summarizes our understanding of emerging rare Aspergillus species that primarily affect patients with PIDs but not those with acquired immunodeficiencies.
Experiences in DOCS Clinic: Direct Observation of Clinical Skills
Authors: Royce Celeste , McKeon Bri Anne , Bookman Laura , Vicari Lucia , Dalrymple John 
Published: September 2018

PURPOSE:
To investigate the efficacy of an assessment tool for core entrustable professional activities (EPAs) in obstetrics and gynecology.

BACKGROUND:
Medical education is moving toward competency-based assessment. EPAs standardize proficiency levels for learners and provide assessment frameworks, but require direct observation. Students report little direct observation of history taking or physical exam skills in clerkships. We implemented a standardized clinical experience and assessment tool to assess student progress on EPAs.

METHODS:
We developed an assessment tool for history, physical exam, and counseling, with behavioral anchors to describe achievement levels. Participants included OBGYN clerkship students in 2016-2017. Students conducted patient encounters with direct observation and feedback by faculty. Students then conducted a separate patient encounter with an experienced educator, who rated performance using the assessment tool.

RESULTS:
Forty-two of 63 students participated. 98% rated emerging or entrustable level in history-taking (EPA 1A) and physical exam (EPA 1B). Students who were assessed on differential diagnosis (EPA2), and ordering/interpreting tests (EPA 4) were rated pre-entrustable or emerging. All students demonstrated entrustability in collaboration and teamwork (EPA 9).

DISCUSSION:
Most students were rated emerging or entrustable in EPA 1; all demonstrated entrustability in EPA 9. Our assessment tool provided a framework to ensure consistency in assessment of EPAs. Our study was limited by availability of clinical educators. We plan to refine the assessment tool to develop standards for each EPA. Faculty development is required as clinical educators are not familiar with this framework. Change in the educational culture is needed for EPAs to be successful.