bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bibliofilia, bibliografias e a construção do sistema axiológico da raridade
Authors: Araújo Diná Marques Pereira , Reis Alcenir Soares dos , Silveira Fabrício José Nascimento da 
Published: December 2018

Introdução: Apresenta e discute práticas socioculturais vinculadas à Bibliofilia e à Bibliografia que contribuíram para a elaboração do conceito de livro raro no âmbito do colecionismo librario do século XVIII. Objetivo: Identificar os fundamentos históricos e teóricos que amparam a formulação do conceito de livro raro no século XVIII, especialmente no universo da Bibliofilia, com o intuito de contextualizar a definição da raridade. Método: Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa exploratória e teórico-descritiva com enfoque histórico-cultural para Bibliofilia e a Bibliografia. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental a partir de leituras da história da Bibliofilia e análise documental de Bibliografias de Livros Raros. Resultado: A partir da análise dos paratextos das bibliografias de Clement, DeBure e Vogt foram elencados os itens que estruturam o conceito de livro raro no século XVIII, identificado como sistema axiológico da raridade. O estudo desse sistema demonstrou que a raridade é uma construção elaborada para atender aspectos específicos do colecionismo librario pelo comércio livreiro. Conclusão: A pesquisa sinaliza que o sistema axiológico da Bibliofilia, construído entre livreiros no século XVIII, é um sistema forjado para atender exigências e pré-requisitos específicos do universo da Bibliofilia. A questão que se impõe é a necessidade de compreender esse contexto e refletir acerca da adequabilidade de seu uso na contemporaneidade, especialmente naquilo que se refere à valoração do patrimônio bibliográfico.
Wikileaks’ demokratiske potentiale
Authors: Mølck Casper , Ibsen Malte Frøslee 
Published: December 2018

WikiLeaks has faced much criticism after massive leaks of secret US military les and diplomatic cables, revealing both trivial and compromising details of the superpower’s judgments and actions in international politics. However, in this article we argue that WikiLeaks harbours a democratic potential, which so far has been overlooked, principally because the organisation’s activities have been interpreted within a traditional Weberian theory of power focused on strategic action. Relying on Martin Saar’s re ections on power, we argue that WikiLeaks is more fruitfully understood in terms of an ontological theory of power focused on the subjectivity-constituting function of power and power as a constitutive space of potential ways of being. Placing WikiLeaks within Jürgen Habermas’s diagnosis of our present social and historical context, we argue that WikiLeaks – despite its obvious faults – harbours a democratic potential by constituting the possibility for democratic criticism of globalised functional systems that increasingly undermine the necessary condi- tions for the e cacious exercise of popular sovereignty.
Hykleriske Politikere, Demokrati og Mediedagsordenen
Authors: Lippert-Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: December 2018

This article explores how accusations of hypocrisy function in political debates in the media. On the basis of a de nition of hypocrisy I argue that the strong media focus on hypocritical politicians: 1) gives an incen- tive for politicians to avoid subscribing to norms that are di cult or costly to comply with; 2) that often it is tied to the fallacy of inferring from the aws of hypocritical politicians to the claim that the norms they subscribe to are awed; 3) constitutes structural power that signi cantly a ects the possibility of putting certain, especially egalitarian, issues on the political agenda.
A Religious Media Revolution? The Syrian Conflict and Mediated Sunni Authority
Authors: Skovgaard-Petersen Jakob 
Published: December 2018

This article is a preliminary survey of the media usage of Sunni religious actors during the Syrian conflict. It traces the adoption of new media by religious actors, and analyses the kind of authority these actors have sought to embody, whether regime supporting, oppositional or jihadist. It argues that the conflict has completely altered the means and modes of Sunni religious communication, transforming classical genres and bypassing them with new ones. It concludes that the lack of formal authority in the messaging of the jihadist groupings, and their failed efforts to build up credible religious leaders, is a weakness that could well be exploited in the period to come.
Trampolinhuset: Kulturelt rum som politisk modspil
Authors: Wehl Signe Brink 
Published: December 2018

Trampoline House in Copenhagen North Western neighborhood is a social space for asylum seekers, activists and other interested. The space started as an art project. It was a critique of the conditions in the refugee camps, and the space aimed to be a free space and show an alternative solution to the immigration policy at the time. Trampoline House exists today, and the migration debate is still a present focal point in the political debate in Denmark.
With the concept Critical Spatial Practice architecture professor Jane Rendell (2006) argues, that architecture and spatial art has a potential in addressing critique, free space and potentially change. This paper discusses, with starting point in the Trampoline house and Rendell’s theoretical concepts, how cultural space can be a political counter strategy, and how art can play a role within this concept. Specifically, the paper explores to which extend and how the Trampoline House as space and art project has been a political player and change agent.
Relação entre ansiedade e modulação autonômica cardíaca
Authors: Pinheiro Giovanni Vieira , Martiniano Eli Carlos , Alcântara Guilherme Correia , Silva José Ramon Alcântara da , Silva Maria do Socorro Da , Monteiro Larissa Raylane Lucas , Mangueira Luana Bezerra , Moraes Yasmim Mota de , Valenti Vitor Engrácia , Santana Milana Drumond Ramos 
Published: December 2018

A ansiedade é caracterizada pelo sentimento de tensão, nervosismo, apreensão e preocupação que pode alterar a modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo sobre a condução elétrica ligada ao coração, determinando a intensidade nos batimentos cardíacos modificando a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca que é um importante indicador de condições normais e patológicas. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a relação existente entre a ansiedade e o processo de regulação autonômica cardíaca. Este estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa desenvolvido por meio de buscas nas bases de dados da Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, com os descritores em ciências da saúde e operador booleano: ansiedade AND frequência cardíaca e, ansiedade AND sistema nervoso autônomo. A busca foi realizada durante o mês de setembro de 2017, sendo incluídos artigos disponíveis na íntegra; em português e inglês e; publicados nos últimos 06 anos. Excluiu-se artigos que não fossem originais, teses, dissertações e monografias. Obteve-se um total de 10 artigos, nos quais observou-se que a ansiedade altera a resposta autonômica, assim quando o corpo entra em tensão, aumentase a frequência cardíaca, o predomínio do sistema simpático e no relaxamento ocorre o domínio parassimpático. Assim indivíduos portadores de ansiedade apresentam menor variação na frequência cardíaca e possuem uma capacidade menor de interação social. Com isto, evidencia-se uma baixa adaptação do sistema nervoso autônomo em casos de ansiedade, sendo que a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca encontra-se reduzida; condição esta que pode ser classificada como patológica.
Estresse oxidativo na interrupção da ventilação mecânica em pacientes vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico: um estudo randomizado e cego
Authors: Moraes Anderson Antunes da Costa , Araujo Luã Alves , Araújo Rodrigo Alcântara Carnevalli de , Rocha Rodrigo Santiago Barbosa , Costa Leonardo Ramos Nicolau da , Gonçalves Kéven Lorena de Paula , Lima Gabriela Martins de 
Published: December 2018

Introdução: Os efeitos tóxicos do oxigênio não estão bem estabelecidos em seres humanos. Objetivo: Analisar os níveis de estresse oxidativo (EOx) na interrupção da ventilação mecânica (VM) em pacientes vítimas de TCE. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, analítico, randomizado e cego. Participaram 12 pacientes: PSV (n=6) e grupo Tubo-T (n=6). A interrupção da VM deu-se em: PSV- (Δ 7 cmH2O) e PEEP (5 cmH2O) durante 30 minutos; Tubo-T - o paciente foi conectado ao tubo T com FiO2 a 0,4 durante 30 minutos. Realizou-se avaliação morfológica do EOx no plasma sanguíneo pelo Dry layer oxidative test. A coleta foi realizada: com 24h de VM, antes do teste, em 15’ de teste e após o teste PSV ou Tubo-T. Para análise da normalidade utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para análise intragrupo e intergrupos, o teste ANOVA seguido de Tukey; para correlação-Correlação de Spearman (p valor 5%). Resultados: Não houve aumento estatisticamente significativo na descontinuidade da matriz extracelular nos grupos (p>0,05). Os níveis de EOx encontraram-se elevados (grau III–moderado) nas primeiras avaliações. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre os parâmetros de VM com o EOx. O grupo PSV permaneceu em média 12.33 dias sob VM, tendo EOx de 29.02 (grau III/ moderado) – r=0.8, p=0.01; o grupo Tubo T em média 12.83±2.2 dias, tendo EOx de 31.03±5.41 (grau IV/grave)- r=0.9, p=0.07. Conclusão: Não houve diferença no comportamento do EOx entre os métodos de interrupção da VM. No entanto, o EOx aumentou com o tempo de VM.
Undocumented translocations spawn taxonomic inflation in Sri Lankan fire rasboras (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)
Authors: Sudasinghe Hiranya , Herath Jayampathi , Pethiyagoda Rohan , Meegaskumbura Madhava 
Published: December 2018

A recent (2013) taxonomic review of the freshwater-fish genusRasboroides, which is endemic to Sri Lanka, showed it to comprise four species:R. vaterifloris,R. nigromarginatus,R. pallidusandR. rohani.Here, using an integrative-taxonomic analysis of morphometry, meristics and mitochondrial DNA sequences ofcytochrome b(cytb) andcytochrome oxidase subunit 1(coi), we show thatR. nigromarginatusis a synonym ofR. vaterifloris, and thatR. rohaniis a synonym ofR. pallidus.The creation and recognition of unnecessary taxa (‘taxonomic inflation’) was in this case a result of selective sampling confounded by a disregard of allometry. The population referred toR. rohaniin the Walawe river basin represents an undocumented trans-basin translocation ofR. pallidus, and a translocation into the Mahaweli river ofR. vaterifloris, documented to have occurredca1980, in fact involvesR. pallidus.A shared haplotype suggests the latter introduction was likely made from the Bentara river basin and not from the Kelani, as claimed. To stabilize the taxonomy of these fishes, the two valid species,R. vateriflorisandR. pallidus, are diagnosed and redescribed, and their distributions delineated. We draw attention to the wasteful diversion of conservation resources to populations resulting from undocumented translocations and to taxa resulting from taxonomic inflation. We argue against translocations except where mandated by a conservation emergency, and even then, only when supported by accurate documentation.
The feasibility of predicting ground reaction forces during running from a trunk accelerometry driven mass-spring-damper model
Authors: Nedergaard Niels J. , Verheul Jasper , Drust Barry , Etchells Terence , Lisboa Paulo , Robinson Mark A. , Vanrenterghem Jos 
Published: December 2018

Background
Monitoring the external ground reaction forces (GRF) acting on the human body during running could help to understand how external loads influence tissue adaptation over time. Although mass-spring-damper (MSD) models have the potential to simulate the complex multi-segmental mechanics of the human body and predict GRF, these models currently require input from measured GRF limiting their application in field settings. Based on the hypothesis that the acceleration of the MSD-model’s upper mass primarily represents the acceleration of the trunk segment, this paper explored the feasibility of using measured trunk accelerometry to estimate the MSD-model parameters required to predict resultant GRF during running.

Methods
Twenty male athletes ran at approach speeds between 2–5 m s−1. Resultant trunk accelerometry was used as a surrogate of the MSD-model upper mass acceleration to estimate the MSD-model parameters (ACCparam) required to predict resultant GRF. A purpose-built gradient descent optimisation routine was used where the MSD-model’s upper mass acceleration was fitted to the measured trunk accelerometer signal. Root mean squared errors (RMSE) were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the trunk accelerometry fitting and GRF predictions. In addition, MSD-model parameters were estimated from fitting measured resultant GRF (GRFparam), to explore the difference between ACCparam and GRFparam.

Results
Despite a good match between the measured trunk accelerometry and the MSD-model’s upper mass acceleration (median RMSE between 0.16 and 0.22 g), poor GRF predictions (median RMSE between 6.68 and 12.77 N kg−1) were observed. In contrast, the MSD-model was able to replicate the measured GRF with high accuracy (median RMSE between 0.45 and 0.59 N kg−1) across running speeds from GRFparam. The ACCparam from measured trunk accelerometry under- or overestimated the GRFparam obtained from measured GRF, and generally demonstrated larger within parameter variations.

Discussion
Despite the potential of obtaining a close fit between the MSD-model’s upper mass acceleration and the measured trunk accelerometry, the ACCparam estimated from this process were inadequate to predict resultant GRF waveforms during slow to moderate speed running. We therefore conclude that trunk-mounted accelerometry alone is inappropriate as input for the MSD-model to predict meaningful GRF waveforms. Further investigations are needed to continue to explore the feasibility of using body-worn micro sensor technology to drive simple human body models that would allow practitioners and researchers to estimate and monitor GRF waveforms in field settings.
Absorption
Authors: Karayiannis Nikos CH , Laso Manuel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAbsorption, or gas absorption, is a unit operation used in the chemical industry to separate gases by washing or scrubbing a gas mixture with a suitable liquid. One or more of the gas components dissolves or is absorbed in the liquid and is thus removed from the mixture. Absorption is currently one of the most important processes in chemical engineering not only for product recovery but also, and perhaps mainly, for pollutant removal. Intense industrial and academic effort is focused on optimizing the process, in terms process efficiency as well as commercial aspects.In this article, the fundamental principles of gas solubility and mass transfer, design and operation of industrial equipment with relevant examples of typical commercial gas absorption processes are discussed, including recent developments in these areas.
Environmental Remediation with Electrochemical Technologies
Authors: Chen Long , Rajic Ljiljana , Zhao Yuwei , Hetrick Kimberly , Hojabri Shirin , Alshawabkeh Akram , Xue Yunfei , Zhou Wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSignificant concerns continue to be raised over environmental pollution of soils and water resources. Chemical fate and transport coupled with redox manipulation are the primary processes that have been considered for removing contamination and minimizing exposure. Electrochemical processes utilize electron transfer to drive transport of chemicals and redox manipulation for treatment of contaminated media. Electrokinetic remediation relies on the electric field to transport contaminants in low permeability soils toward the electrode vicinity for removal. In water cleanup, both electroreduction and electrooxidation have been used. Electroreduction has been used for dechlorination and defluorination of halogenated calcitrant compounds. Electrooxidation has also gained significant potential for transformation of many legacy and emerging contaminants. For example, organic contaminants could be oxidized directly on anode surface (direct anodic oxidation), by electrochemically generated hydroxyl radicals or by other electrochemically generated oxidants (indirect anodic oxidation). In this article, we present an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art electrochemical processes for treatment of contaminated soil and water. We also describe a perspective for future research directions in the field of electrochemical treatment of contaminated media.
Sex, Gender, and Crime
Authors: McCarthy Bill , Carter Angela 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
For several decades, the study of gender and crime has generally eclipsed a focus on sex and crime. This change reflects new understandings of all three concepts – sex, gender, and crime. It also reflects a shift from a focus on males and the crimes they commit to one that includes females and their involvement in illegal behavior. This entry summarizes how sociologists of crime define sex, gender, and crime and discusses two broad categories of theories they use to explain how these concepts are connected. One body of theory suggests that male and female offending have the same origins and that gender differences in offending reflect gender differences in exposure to crime's causes. A second body argues that male and female offending may share some origins, but that each has unique causes.
Sexual Health
Authors: Lottes Ilsa 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe concept of sexual health first appeared in publications in the 1960s, but in the late 1980s the use of the term increased dramatically in a wide range of disciplines. The meaning and application of sexual health to public health varies depending on sociocultural, political, and historical contexts. At the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women, feminists, women's health advocates, and proponents of human rights presented a new approach to sexual health. This approach emphasized the need for women's empowerment, issues related to gender relations and inequality, justice for diverse sexualities, and the importance of adopting human rights/sexual rights frameworks in public policies and family planning programs. Other meanings and applications of sexual health are also described in this entry.
Social Psychology, Applied
Authors: Mankowski Eric , O'Connor Emma 
Published: December 2018

AbstractApplied social psychology develops and uses theories and research about how people influence others' thoughts, feelings, and behavior to address social and health problems caused by human behavior, such as racial, class, and gender discrimination, environmental pollution and natural resource depletion, interpersonal violence, and drug misuse. The field emphasizes an interdependent and cyclical relationship among theory development, research in social settings, and application of knowledge through action and intervention. A wide variety of experimental, quasi‐experimental, correlational, and longitudinal research designs and methods of data collection including surveys, observation, and qualitative interviews are employed. Knowledge from the field has contributed to successful interventions that decrease prejudice and discrimination, increase conservation of natural resources and recycling, improve jury decision‐making, and increase cooperation and reduce conflict between social groups. With the increasing complexity of social problems and systems, applied social psychology is needed more than ever to improve human well‐being.
Stratification Systems: Openness
Authors: Bögenhold Dieter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The concept of stratification refers to the idea of vertical segmentation in a sense of having more or less resources. Degrees of stratification are always relational and they express degrees of social inequality. Open stratification systems exist when a society leaves channels for upward or downward mobility, where actors or families can change their position inter or intragenerationally. The classic idea in Marx's categorization was that access to means of production serves as the pivot point of all sociological and economic analysis. An early contrast to the dominant Marxist view was elaborated by Max Weber, who stressed the fact of differentiation. Bourdieu sees the social world in terms of a metaphor: Consider a multidimensional social sphere in which different groups of actors reflect, on the one hand, the sphere of social position and, on the other hand, the sphere of lifestyles. Other authors emphasize the growing relativity of the class concept due to increasing trends of mobility caused by education, urbanization, and changing demographic patterns, including the declining significance of the institution of the family, which leads more and more to a multicolored puzzle of conditions, lifestyles, attitudes, and behavior.
Spokespersonship
Authors: Pels Dick 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In modern communication‐ and media‐driven cultures, spokespersonship has increasingly become professionalized, offering an indispensable vehicle for advocating the identity and interests of persons, groups, and institutions. But, on a deeper level, we all act as spokespersons, by “presenting” that which is not immediately at hand (persons, things, ideas) in current face‐to‐face situations. All such representational acts crucially depend on belief and credit, and hence on the authority and credibility of the spokesperson. Representation therefore comes with a permanent risk of usurpation: spokespersons may take the place and appropriate the power of “their” subjects and objects. A critical theory of spokespersonship must be on permanent alert for such “identitarian” forms of representation and the symbolic power yielded by them.
Top Management Team
Authors: Díaz‐Fernández M. Carmen , González‐Rodríguez M. Rosario , Simonetti Biagio 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTop management team (TMT) is a relevant managerial topic widely recognized in company environments and in the academic literature. In this framework, most practitioners and theorists pursue in‐depth knowledge of the notion of TMT and its internal functioning since it is a key driver to determine the company's strategic behavior and hence outcomes. Despite the relevance of TMT, no agreement can be found in the literature regarding the relationship beteween TMT, strategic pattern, and company performance. This is mainly attributed to methodological weakness in most of the empircal studies. New theories are emerging to solve that weakness to make the topic and the upper echelons theory, the main theory of TMT, continue in significance.
Women in Science
Authors: Rosser Sue V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe work of historians of science, data analysts, gender studies scholars, as well as sociologists of science informs the interdisciplinary field of women in science. Historians have elucidated the changing impact of gender and gender roles on women's lives as scientists at different historical times, different geographic locations, and in different scientific disciplines. Data gathered by national governments on the numbers and status of women in science provide a mechanism to document the numbers of women in different disciplines and the positions they hold. Relatively recently, the US National Science Foundation has recognized the role of intersectionality and its impact upon the percentages of degrees obtained by women in different STEM disciplines, the sector or institutional type of employment, unemployment rates and salaries, as well as women's daily experiences as scientists.