bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Silk‐Based Nerve Guidance Conduits for Augmenting Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Magaz Adrián , Faroni Alessandro , Gough Julie E. , Reid Adam J. , Li Xu , Blaker Jonny J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRepair of peripheral nerve injuries depends upon complex biology stemming from the manifold and challenging injury‐healing processes of the peripheral nervous system. While surgical treatment options are available, they tend to be characterized by poor clinical outcomes for the injured patients. This is particularly apparent in the clinical management of a nerve gap whereby nerve autograft remains the best clinical option despite numerous limitations; in addition, effective repair becomes progressively more difficult with larger gaps. Nerve conduit strategies based on tissue engineering approaches and the use of silk as scaffolding material have attracted much attention in recent years to overcome these limitations and meet the clinical demand of large gap nerve repair. This review examines the scientific advances made with silk‐based conduits for peripheral nerve repair. The focus is on enhancing bioactivity of the conduits in terms of physical guidance cues, inner wall and lumen modification, and imbuing novel conductive functionalities.
Photonic Capsule Sensors with Built‐In Colloidal Crystallites
Authors: Choi Tae Min , Je Kwanghwi , Park Jin‐Gyu , Lee Gun Ho , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTechnologies to monitor microenvironmental conditions and its spatial distribution are in high demand, yet remain unmet need. Herein, photonic microsensors are designed in a capsule format that can be injected, suspended, and implanted in any target volume. Colorimetric sensors are loaded in the core of microcapsules by assembling core–shell colloids into crystallites through the depletion attraction. The shells of the colloids are made of a temperature‐responsive hydrogel, which enables the crystallites to rapidly and widely tune the structural color in response to a change in temperature while maintaining close‐packed arrays. The spherical symmetry of the microcapsules renders them optically isotropic, i.e., displaying orientation‐independent color. In addition, as a solid membrane is used to protect the delicate crystallites from external stresses, their high stability is assured. More importantly, each microcapsule reports the temperature of its microenvironment so that a suspension of capsules can provide information on the spatial distribution of the temperature.
Bioresponsive Nanoparticles Targeted to Infectious Microenvironments for Sepsis Management
Authors: Zhang Can Yang , Gao Jin , Wang Zhenjia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSepsis is a life‐threatening disease resulted from a dysregulated host immune response to bacterial infections, continuing to cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite discoveries of many potential therapeutic targets, effective treatments of sepsis are lacking. Here, a strategy is reported to target infectious microenvironments (IMEs) via bioresponsive nanoparticles that simultaneously eliminate bacteria and alleviate the host inflammation response, thus managing sepsis in mice. The nanoparticle is made of copolymers sensitive to pH and bacterial enzymes to self‐assemble into a micelle loaded with both an antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) and an anti‐inflammatory agent ((2‐[(aminocarbonyl)amino]‐5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐3‐thiophenecarboxamide). In addition, the nanoparticle is conjugated with intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 antibodies to target IMEs. Nanoparticle targeting to IMEs and local cues as triggers to deliver therapeutics in on‐demand manners is demonstrated using an acute lung bacterial infection mouse model. In the sepsis mouse model induced by peritonitis at a lethal dose of bacterial invasion, it is shown that concurrently targeting pathogens and excessive inflammation pathways is valuable to manage the sepsis. The study illustrates not only the development of a new delivery system but also the mechanism‐based therapy of nanomedicine for infectious diseases.
Intermolecular Cyclopropanation of Iodonium Ylides and Electron‐Deficient Alkenes through a Highly Efficient Catalyst‐Free Process
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zeng Rong , Feng Xin , Dai Qing‐Song , Liu Yue , Liu Yan‐Qing , Wang Qi‐Wei , Li Qing‐Zhu , Li Jun‐Long 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCatalyst and solvent‐free reactions have attracted great attention from chemists because of their inherent advantages that coincide with the principles of sustainable chemistry and the increasing public awareness of environmental protection. Here, we disclose the first catalyst‐free intermolecular cyclopropanation of phenyliodonium ylides with electron‐deficient alkenes. Full conversion can be achieved at ambient temperature, in the absence of any catalyst, within a short reaction time. Importantly, such reactions work reasonably well in water or even under solvent‐free conditions, which enables a green, convenient and efficient way to synthesize valuable multifunctional vinylcyclopropanes.
Numerical study of isothermal heterogeneous catalysis exhibiting multiple steady states, limit cycles, and chaos in a complex reaction network
Authors: Luo Yuan‐Hong , Chien Yu‐Shu , Chiou Ming‐Shen , Lin Yeong‐Iuan , Li Hsing‐Ya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe analyze the nonlinear dynamics of an isothermal system involving complex heterogeneous catalytic reactions by numerical simulation. Multiple steady states, limit cycles, torus, and chaos are found, which demonstrate that these nonlinear behaviors are derived from the intricacy of chemistry itself, instead of either thermal or autocatalytic effects. The steady‐state multiplicity is determined by the chemical reaction network toolbox. Starting from one of the steady states, bifurcations are detected via the variation of the system parameters using numerical continuation software. Bifurcations, such as limit points, cusp bifurcations, Hopf bifurcations, zero Hopf bifurcations, limit cycles, and torus are found. Numerical simulations show two routes of transition to chaos due to torus breakdown. One route is due to the loss of torus smoothness. The other is via period‐doubling bifurcations of the limit cycles. Lyapunov exponents are calculated, and positive values are obtained for the chaotic dynamics. Poincare maps and power spectrum densities are also shown to determine the chaotic orbits.
The improvement and analysis of the high‐pressure propane recovery process
Authors: Jiang Hong , Zhang Shijian , Jing Jiaqiang , Zhu Cong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe recovery of propane from high‐pressure natural gas is an effective approach to increasing the economic benefits of the gas field. Currently, the high‐pressure absorber (HPA) process is the most common process available for recovering high‐pressure natural gas liquid. We have proposed two improved processes based on the HPA process for propane recovery from high‐pressure natural gas: revised HPA and HPA recycle liquid (HPARL) processes. Through the optimization algorithm, the three processes were optimized with the lowest unit energy consumption as the objective. The optimization results show that the HPARL process has a substantial energy‐saving advantage when the feed pressure is sufficiently high under lean gas conditions, whereas the HPARL process requires greater cooling capacity than the HPA and revised HPA processes under rich gas conditions to ensure recovery. The exergy analysis of the processes under the optimized conditions shows that the main exergy loss in the three processes originates from the deethanizer and that the exergy loss difference caused by the deethanizer in each process is derived from the first stage and the eighth stage. Because of the extensive exergy loss at the first stage of HPARL, this process has the highest deethanizer exergy loss under all conditions. The exergy efficiency difference among the three processes is very small under different conditions.
One year later to Black and White perspectives on Get Out
Authors: Holmes Natasha , Lang Frances 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe 2017 film Get Out by the African American director Jordan Peele has been widely reviewed by journalists, activists, and sociologists. To our knowledge, it has not yet been reviewed or commented on by psychoanalysts. We will discuss the film from the perspective of a White psychoanalyst and a Black psychoanalytically oriented psychologist. The White author will discuss her experience of the film as a daydream reaching deeply into the screenwriter/director's unconscious beliefs. The Black author will discuss her experience of it as a reminder of the threat to Black and Brown bodies when individuals are not “woke” and will explore the collective intergenerational trauma forcing Black and Brown people into the state of being “woke.” Finally, she will discuss how, even in the collaborative process of creating this paper, she experienced her Blackness as exploited to legitimize and validate the White author's experience.
Multiplexed Metabolic Labeling of Glycoconjugates in Polarized Primary Cerebral Cortical Neurons
Authors: Choi Ji Yu , Seo Jeongyeon , Park Matthew , Kim Mi‐Hee , Kang Kyungtae , Choi Insung S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe spatial distribution of cell‐surface glycoconjugates in the brain changes continuously, reflecting neurophysiology especially in the developing phase, but their functions and fates mostly remain unexplored. Their spatiotemporal distribution is particularly important in polarized neuronal cells, such as cerebral cortical neurons composed of a soma and neurites. In this work, we dually labeled sialic acid (Sia5Ac) and N‐acetylgalactosamine/glucosamine (GalNAc/GlcNAc) by a neurocompatible strategy of metabolic glycan labeling, metabolism‐by‐tissues (MbT), and obtained the multiplexed information on their spatiotemporal distribution on polarized cortical neurons. The analyses showed the preferentially distinct distribution of each saccharide set at the late developmental stage after randomized, heterogeneous distribution at the early stage, suggesting that Sia5Ac and GalNAc/GlcNAc are translocated anisotropically during neuronal development.
Synthesis and Charge‐Transporting Properties of Dibenzothiphene Dioxide‐Based Polysiloxanes
Authors: Liu Yuchao , Liu Junteng , Yan Shouke , Ren Zhongjie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe designed and synthesized a dibenzothiphene dioxide‐based homopolysiloxane, PDBTSi, and a carbazole‐dibenzothiophene dioxide alternating copolysiloxane, PCzSi‐alt‐PDBTSi, respectively. Both PDBTSi and PCzSi‐alt‐PDBTSi possess an improved solubility, good film‐forming ability and extremely high thermal stability due to introduction of polysiloxane main chains. Meanwhile, PDBTSi and PCzSi‐alt‐PDBTSi exhibit high triplet energy levels of 2.95 eV and 3.05 eV, respectively. Furthermore, PDBTSi possesses good electron‐transporting property with an electron mobility of 1.02×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a relatively balanced hole mobility of 8.76×10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1. In contrast, PCzSi‐alt‐PDBTSi exhibits an electron mobility of 4.65×10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a hole mobility of 1.17×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. Therefore, our results here provide a feasible strategy to obtain solution‐processed polysiloxane materials with high and balanced electron‐ and hole‐transporting properties.
Small Molecules to Target the Selenoprotein Thioredoxin Reductase
Authors: Zhang Baoxin , Liu Yuxin , Li Xinming , Xu Jianqiang , Fang Jianguo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes are the only identified proteins that maintain thioredoxin (Trx) proteins in a reduced state under physiological conditions, and consequently play a pivotal role in the regulation of various cellular redox signaling pathways involved in cell differentiation, growth, and death. The elevated expression of TrxR enzymes has been observed in different types of cancer cells, and this overexpression is of pathological significance in maintaining tumor phenotypes, such as uncontrolled proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. Herein, we discuss recent advances in the study of TrxR, including classic assays of TrxR, the emerging chemical tools of TrxR, and small molecules that target TrxR as potential anticancer agents.
Treating obsessive compulsive behavior and enhancing peer engagement in a preschooler with intellectual disability
Authors: Guertin Emily L. , Vause Tricia , Jaksic Heather , Frijters Jan C. , Feldman Maurice 
Published: September 2018

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in cognitive and adaptive functioning in social, practical, or conceptual domains. Individuals with ID present with higher‐order repetitive behaviors such as a need for sameness, ritualistic, and compulsive behaviors. Often referred to as obsessive compulsive behaviors (OCBs), these behaviors increase in prevalence between 2 and 5 years of age. The present study evaluated an exposure‐based behavioral intervention for decreasing OCBs and concomitantly increasing play skills in a 4‐year‐old boy with mild ID in an inclusive preschool setting. Using a multiple baseline across behaviors design, the intervention was associated with a decrease in target behaviors and an increase in the duration of peer social engagement, with results maintained at 3‐week follow‐up. The intervention consisted of exposure and response prevention with function‐based components. Procedures including prompting and reinforcement were generalized to parent and teacher mediators. This study provides preliminary support for the use of an exposure‐based behavioral intervention to treat OCBs in children of preschool age with ID.
Laterally Stretched Flap With Connective Tissue Graft to Treat Single Narrow Deep Recession Defects on Lower Incisors
Authors: Carranza Nelson , Pontarolo Constanza , Rojas Mariana A. 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionGingival recession (GR) is one of the most common esthetic concerns for patients, and several surgical procedures have been developed for its treatment.It has been widely demonstrated that root coverage of shallow Miller class I and II areas of gingival recession is generally predictable, but the treatment of deep recessions associated with lack of attached keratinized tissue remains a challenge even for skilled surgeons.Although this type of recessions can be treated with tunneling procedures, because of their size, covering the connective tissue grafts (CTGs) with displaced flaps provide better graft nutrition and improve the outcome.The purpose of this case series is to present an alternative treatment to the traditional laterally displaced flap and tunneling techniques used for deep narrow recessions: The “laterally stretched flap” (LSF) with CTG.Case PresentationFive healthy patients with isolated Miller Class II narrow deep gingival recessions were included in the case series. All the defects were treated with LSF and CTG. Complete root coverage (CRC) was achieved in 80% of the cases (4/5). Keratinized tissue increase was obtained in all the cases. The follow‐up was between one and three years.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this case series, LSF + CTG demonstrated to be a promising technique for the treatment of narrow deep recessions. The lack of vertical incisions and an envelope approach renders a more stable wound with minimal scar formation and patient discomfort.
Transaminase‐Catalyzed Racemization with Potential for Dynamic Kinetic Resolutions
Authors: Ruggieri Federica , van Langen Luuk M. , Logan Derek T. , Walse Björn , Berglund Per 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) reactions in which a stereoselective enzyme and a racemization step are coupled in one pot would represent powerful tools for the production of enantiopure amines through enantioconvergence of racemates. The exploitation of DKR strategies is currently hampered by the lack of effective, enzyme‐compatible and scalable racemization strategies for amines. In the present work, the proof of concept of a fully biocatalytic method for amine racemization is presented. Both enantiomers of the model compound 1‐methyl‐3‐phenylpropylamine could be racemized in water and at room temperature using a couple of wild‐type, non‐proprietary, enantiocomplementary amine transaminases and a minimum amount of pyruvate/alanine as a co‐substrate couple. The biocatalytic simultaneous parallel cascade reaction presented here poses itself as a customizable amine racemization system with potential for the chemical industry in competition with traditional transition‐metal catalysis.
Production of β‐Alanine from Fumaric Acid Using a Dual‐Enzyme Cascade
Authors: Qian Yuanyuan , Liu Jia , Song Wei , Chen Xiulai , Luo Qiuling , Liu Liming 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop an environmentally safe and efficient method for β‐alanine production using a dual‐enzyme cascade route with L‐aspartase (AspA) fromE. coliand L‐aspartate‐α‐decarboxylase (PanD) fromCorynebacterium glutamicum. Poor cooperativity in this system due to the divergent catalysis efficiencies of AspA and PanD led to an imbalance between the two reactions. To address this issue, we employed ribosome binding site regulation and gene duplication to coordinate the expression levels of AspA and PanD. Finally, we achieved β‐alanine production of 80.4±1.6 g L−1with a conversion rate of 95.3±1.6 % in a 5‐L bioreactor. The dual‐enzyme cascade reported herein represents a promising strategy to meet industrial requirements for large‐scale β‐alanine production in the future.
Rational Design of Alkali‐Resistant NO Reduction Catalysts using a Stable Hexagonal V–Doped MoO3 Support for Alkali Trapping
Authors: Liu Xiaona , Gao Jiayi , Chen Yaxin , Li Chao , Chen Junxiao , Qu Weiye , Chen Xin , Ma Zhen , Tang Xingfu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork for issue 18/2018 is provided by Fudan University (China) and Beijing Sondii Technology Co Ltd. The image shows that the thermal stability of hexagonal MoO3 (HMoO) is enhanced by substituting some Mo5+ centers with V5+. The V‐doped HMoO can be used as an alkali‐trapping support for making V2O5/V‐HMoO catalysts effective in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201800818.
Nano‐Impact Electrochemistry: Effects of Electronic Filtering on Peak Height, Duration, and Area
Authors: Kanokkanchana Kannasoot , Saw En N. , Tschulik Kristina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is the group of Prof. Dr. Kristina Tschulik from Ruhr University Bochum (Germany). The cover picture shows the alteration of a current signal caused by the electronic filtering implemented in potentiostats. These filter effects are uncovered and a simple method is provided for electrochemists to test and validate their experimental setup. This is particularly important for transient single‐entity electrochemistry, which requires low current measurements at high time resolution. Read the full text of the Article at 10.1002/celc.201800738.
Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses Equipped with Stimuli‐Responsive Molecular Gates for Controlled Delivery of Levofloxacin against Bacteria
Authors: Polo Lorena , Gómez‐Cerezo Natividad , García‐Fernández Alba , Aznar Elena , Vivancos José‐Luis , Arcos Daniel , Vallet‐Regí María , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn increase of bone diseases incidence has boosted the study of ceramic biomaterials as potential osteo‐inductive scaffolds. In particular, mesoporous bioactive glasses have demonstrated to possess a broad application in the bone regeneration field, due their osteo‐regenerative capability and their ability to release drugs from the mesoporous structure. These special features have been studied as an option to fight against bone infection, which is one of the most common problems regarding bone regeneration therapies. In this work, a mesoporous bioglass functionalized with polyamines and capped with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the molecular gate was developed for the controlled release of the antibiotic levofloxacin. Phosphate bonds of ATP were hydrolyzed in the presence of acid phosphatase (APase), the concentration of which is significantly increased in bone infection due to the activation of bone resorption processes. The solid was characterized and tested successfully against bacteria. The final gated solid induced bacterial death only in the presence of acid phosphatase. Additionally, it was demonstrated that the solid is not toxic against human cells. The double function of the prepared material as a drug delivery system and bone regeneration enhancer confirms the possible development of a new approach in the tissue engineering field, in which controlled release of therapeutic agents can be finely tuned and, at the same time, osteoinduction is favored.
Design of Chiral Bifunctional Dialkyl Sulfide Catalysts for Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Bromolactonization
Authors: Nishiyori Ryuichi , Tsuchihashi Ayano , Mochizuki Ayaka , Kaneko Kazuma , Yamanaka Masahiro , Shirakawa Seiji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough a wide variety of chiral organocatalysts have been developed for asymmetric transformations, effective chiral dialkyl sulfide organocatalysts remain relatively rare and under‐developed, despite the potential utility of dialkyl sulfide catalysts. Herein, we report the development of chiral bifunctional dialkyl sulfide catalysts possessing a urea moiety for regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective bromolactonization. The importance of the bifunctional design of chiral sulfide catalysts was clearly demonstrated in the present work. The roles of both the sulfide and urea moieties of the catalyst were clarified based on the results of experimental and theoretical investigation.
Embryo timelapses can be compiled and quantified to understand canonical histone dynamics across multiple cell cycles
Authors: Smith Lydia , Maddox Paul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the last decade, computational processing of big datasets has facilitated the analyses of unprecedented quantities of biological data. Thus, automation and big data analysis have been revolutionary in detecting and quantifying subtle phenotypes in cell biological contexts. Analyzing similar quantities of data in larger and more complicated biological systems such as developing embryos has been more challenging due to experimental limitations on both ensemble data collection and analysis. These challenges include photosensitivity of living samples and of the fluorescently tagged proteins under study, collectively limiting the number of images that can be acquired in a single timelapse series. Here we present a streamlined workflow to quantify dynamics of fluorescently labeled proteins over the course of several cell cycles in early embryos, taking advantage of the stereotypical nature of early development that is inherent for many organisms. We benchmark this pipeline studying a fluorescently labeled histone during early embryonic development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Our strategy allowed us to overcome biological and experimental variation among our timelapse series and quantify nuclear accumulation rate, chromatin incorporation, and turnover/stability of canonical histones. We find that histone proteins are broadly stable in early C. elegans development. Thus, changes in genome regulation occurring in early development do not manifest in gross changes in histone metabolism. Our method enabling characterization of cumulative protein dynamics over several cell cycles of developmental time with high temporal resolution can be applied to expand our understanding of diverse cellular and developmental processes.