bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laryngeal manifestations of cranial nerve IX/X compression at the brainstem
Authors: Taylor Robert J. , Lowe Stephen R. , Ellis Nic , Abdullah Evan , Patel Sunil , Halstead Lucinda A. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveWe report an association between lower cranial nerve (CN IX/X) vascular compression at the brainstem with laryngeal symptoms utilizing a stepwise algorithm that systematically evaluates and eliminates all other common etiologies. Our experiences with retromastoid craniectomy with lower cranial nerve (LCN) decompression versus non‐neurosurgical treatments are detailed.Study DesignRetrospective chart review at a tertiary care academic medical center with follow‐up telephone survey.MethodsBaseline demographics, clinical characteristics, quality‐of‐life surveys, and treatment outcomes were recorded for patients with laryngeal symptoms associated with LCN compression at the brainstem.ResultsForty‐nine patients demonstrated LCN compression at the brainstem on imaging and presented with chief complaints of dysphonia (25 of 49, 51%), chronic cough (19 of 49, 39%), dysphoric breathing (3 of 49, 6%), and dysphagia (2 of 49, 4%). Poor initial scores were noted for Voice‐Related Quality of Life (V‐RQOL), Reflux Symptom Index, and Glottal Closure Index. Twenty‐four patients underwent LCN decompression, of which 21 of 24 (88%) reported partial, near‐complete, or complete improvement. Major perioperative complications occurred in four of 24 patients (17%). Patients who had undergone decompression were more likely to obtain complete/near‐complete symptom resolution (10 of 24 patients, 42%) compared to those undergoing conservative treatments (2 of 25 patients, 8%) (P = 0.02). V‐RQOL scores improved more in surgical patients [mean change score, 33.0 (standard deviation [SD], 31.2) than nonsurgical patients (mean change score 9.6, SD 20.9) (P = 0.03) (mean follow‐up 3.0 years, SD 2.0).ConclusionLower cranial nerve compression at the brainstem should be considered when all other etiologies are excluded. Retromastoid craniectomy with LCN decompression demonstrates an acceptable safety profile.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:2105–2111, 2019
Subacute acrolein exposure to rat larynx in vivo
Authors: Liu Xinxin , Durkes Abigail C. , Schrock William , Zheng Wei , Sivasankar M. Preeti 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisInhaled pollutants can contact vocal fold tissue and induce detrimental voice changes. Acrolein is a pollutant in cigarette smoke and can also be inhaled during the combustion of fossil fuels, animal fats, and plastics in the environment. However, the vocal fold pathological changes induced by acrolein and the underlying inflammatory pathways are not well understood. These biologic data are needed to understand why voice problems may result from pollutant exposure.Study DesignIn vivo prospective design with experimental and control groups.MethodsSprague‐Dawley male rats (N = 36) were exposed to acrolein (3 ppm) or filtered air (control) through a whole‐body exposure system for 5 hours/day, for 5 days/week, over 4 weeks. Histopathological changes, presence of edema, expression of proinflammatory cytokines and markers, and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) were investigated.ResultsHistological evaluation and quantification demonstrated that subacute acrolein exposure induced significant vocal fold edema. Acrolein exposure also induced epithelial sloughing and cell death. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed a significant upregulation of genes encoding interferon regulatory factor and chitinase‐3‐like protein 3. Western blot revealed a 76.8% increase in phosphorylation of NF‐κB P65 after subacute acrolein exposure.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that 4‐week exposures to 3 ppm acrolein induce vocal fold inflammation manifested as edema, related to the activation of NF‐κB signaling. The edema may underlie the voice changes reported in speakers exposed to pollutants.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:E313–E317, 2019
Common practices in botulinum toxin injection for spasmodic dysphonia treatment: A national survey
Authors: Shoffel‐Havakuk Hagit , Rosow David E. , Lava Christian X. , Hapner Edie R. , Johns Michael M. 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisAlthough no clear guidelines exist, protocols in the treatment of spasmodic dysphonia (SD) vary among physicians. Previously published work comes from relatively few centers.Study DesignA descriptive survey among experts (laryngologists who practice Botulinum toxin injections for SD).MethodsAn online 58‐item survey was sent to all otolaryngologists who self‐identify as laryngologists on the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery website. Items surveyed included botulinum toxin injection technique, laterality, and dosage.ResultsAn 80% response rate was achieved (70 completed the survey). Participants collectively reported treating >4,000 SD patients in the past year (mean, 71 ± 68 patients/laryngologist). Eighty‐seven percent perform injections exclusively in the office; the remainder both in the office and operating room. For adductor SD injections, 88% use electromyographic (EMG) guidance alone via cricothyroid approach. The remainder use anatomical landmarks alone (9%) or EMG with endoscopic guidance (3%). Sitting is the preferred patient position (70%; supine, 30%). A substantial majority (87%) begin with bilateral injections (starting dosage mode, 1.25 units/side). For abductor SD injections, 67% use EMG guidance alone and 31% use endoscopic guidance with or without EMG. Sitting is the preferred patient position (84%; supine, 16%). The preferred approach is anterior‐translaryngeal (51%), followed by lateral‐retrolaryngeal with rotation (34%). A considerable majority (79%) begin with unilateral injections (starting dosage mode, 5 units). When deciding on initial dosage, the most influential factor was balancing patients' desire/needs, followed by patients' frailty and risk of aspiration. The typical planned interval between injections is 3 to 4 months.ConclusionsLaryngologists follow fairly uniform protocols in the treatment of SD with some important and previously unpublished differences. This study documents areas of agreement and discordance among laryngologists in the United States for the treatment of SD.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1650–1656, 2019
Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after thyroid cancer surgery and intraoperative nerve monitoring
Authors: Mizuno Kayoko , Takeuchi Masato , Kanazawa Yuji , Kitamura Morimasa , Ide Kazuki , Omori Koichi , Kawakami Koji 
Published: December 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThis study aimed to investigate the risk of postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) with and without the use of intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) during thyroid cancer surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThis study utilized a nationwide claims database in Japan. Patients who underwent thyroid cancer surgery with and without IONM were included, and postoperative RLNP incidence was compared.ResultsThe study included 5,804 patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that use of IONM was not associated with increased RLNP risk (odds ratio: 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.67‐1.96). There was no significant effect on RLNP prevention when stratified by tumor or nodal classification. Rather, the patients who had T4 or N1b classifications who received IONM had higher incidences of RLNP.ConclusionsUse of IONM did not significantly reduce the risk of RLNP. The results for the T4 and N1b populations may be explained by indication bias or unmeasured confounders.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:1954–1960, 2019
Drug‐induced sleep endoscopy: new insights in lateral head rotation compared to lateral head and trunk rotation in (non)positional obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Vonk Patty E. , van de Beek Megan J. , Ravesloot Madeline J.L. , de Vries Nico 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the effect of lateral head rotation to lateral head and trunk rotation on upper airway patency during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in nonpositional obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients (NPP) and positional OSA patients (PP).MethodsProspective cohort study.ResultsIn total 92 patients were included. Seventy‐five patients were male (82%) with a mean age of 47.2 ± 11.3 years, a body mass index of 27.0 ± 3.3 kg/m2, and a median apnea–hypopnea index of 16.7 per hour (8.7, 26,5). Of all patients, 75% were PP. Lateral head rotation and lateral head and trunk rotation findings are similar in NPP at each possible level of obstruction, with exception of the oropharynx but not in PP. In PP, lateral head rotation and both lateral head and trunk observations were different at every possible obstruction site.ConclusionThe effect of lateral head rotation and lateral head and trunk rotation on upper airway patency during DISE is significantly different in PP. In NPP, similar results regarding the degree of upper airway obstruction were found at the level of the velum, tongue base, and epiglottis.Level of Evidence2bLaryngoscope, 129:2430–2435, 2019
Adult epiglottitis: Trends and predictors of mortality in over 30 thousand cases from 2007 to 2014
Authors: Hanna Jonathan , Brauer Philip R. , Berson Elisa , Mehra Saral 
Published: December 2018

ObjectivesTo characterize trends of adult epiglottitis presenting to the emergency department (ED) and analyze mortality.MethodsWe utilized the National Emergency Department Sample to characterize adult epiglottitis from 2007 to 2014 and used provided weights to obtain nationally representative data (all presented data are weighted). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine predictors of mortality.ResultsA total of 33,549 cases were identified (weighted). Over the study period, the average patient age increased significantly from 47 to 51 (R2 > 0.5), with an overall mean age of 49. A total of 11.8% of patients were coded as having obstruction, and 68.3% of cases were admitted to the hospital. Across all years, < 1% received laryngoscopic or airway procedures in the ED. Utilization of both X‐ray and computed tomography was <10%. Over the 8 years, there were an average of 42 deaths per year (1.01% overall mortality). No clinical factors, except obstruction, were significant on univariate analysis (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that patient age, degree of hospital urbanization, and smoking status also were nonsignificant.ConclusionsEpiglottitis is still a significant pathology seen in EDs, is stable over the study period, and carries a mortality risk. There is an exceptionally low rate of documented clinical interventions in the ED, especially compared with inpatient studies of epiglottis. This suggests a lack of recognition of the need and utilization of critical airway interventions early in the patient encounter. Future research is needed to characterize the reasons for the low rate of early airway visualization and intervention of epiglottitis in the ED.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:1107–1112, 2019
A Scale to Assess Activities of Daily Living in Pantothenate Kinase‐Associated Neurodegeneration
Authors: Marshall Randall D. , Collins Abigail , Escolar Maria L. , Jinnah H.A. , Klopstock Thomas , Kruer Michael C. , Videnovic Aleksandar , Robichaux‐Viehoever Amy , Swett Laura , Revicki Dennis A. , Bender Randall H. , Lenderking William R. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivePantothenate kinase‐associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal‐recessive, neurodegenerative disorder with a mixed‐motor phenotype caused by a defective PanK2 enzyme, for which there are few adequate treatment options. Clinimetrically sound measures of patient‐reported outcomes are necessary to facilitate therapeutic development for this debilitating disease. This study's objective was to develop such a scale and assess its clinimetric properties.MethodsA conceptually driven, iterative, content development process incorporating input from experts, caregivers, and patients was used. Scale items were initially adapted from the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part II resulting in the 12‐item Pantothenate Kinase‐Associated Neurodegeneration Activities of Daily Living (PKAN‐ADL). The PKAN‐ADL scale was administered to caregivers (n = 37) and patients (n = 2) twice over 2 weeks, along with selected Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders (Neuro‐QoL) measures, selected attributes of the Health Utilities Index (HUI)‐2/3, and the Stroke Aphasia Depression Questionnaire (SADQ‐10) to assess construct validity.ResultsInternal consistency was 0.93, with excellent test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99). Of the 12 items, 25% (n = 3) showed a ceiling effect >30% (range, 31–54) and 42% (n = 5) showed a floor effect >30% (range, 31–46), reflecting disease heterogeneity. Convergent validity was shown with Neuro‐QoL measures (rs > 0.90) and HUI‐2/3 attributes (rs ≥ 0.48); divergent validity was demonstrated with the SADQ‐10 (r = 0.11). Participants reported a high level of comprehension (98%), and average item relevance ratings (0–10 scale) ranged from 7.0 to 9.9.ConclusionThe PKAN‐ADL scale demonstrated acceptable content validity, with evidence of construct validity and excellent reliability. Overall results support the use of the PKAN‐ADL scale in clinical trials.
Exosomes Derived from Human Primary and Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Cells Contribute to Functional Heterogeneity of Activated Fibroblasts by Reprogramming Their Proteome
Authors: Rai Alin , Greening David W. , Chen Maoshan , Xu Rong , Ji Hong , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a heterogeneous population of activated fibroblasts that constitute a dominant cellular component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) performing distinct functions. Here, the role of tumor‐derived exosomes (Exos) in activating quiescent fibroblasts into distinct functional subtypes is investigated. Proteomic profiling and functional dissection reveal that early‐ (SW480) and late‐stage (SW620) colorectal cancer (CRC) cell‐derived Exos both activated normal quiescent fibroblasts (α‐SMA−, CAV+, FAP+, VIM+) into CAF‐like fibroblasts (α‐SMA+, CAV−, FAP+, VIM+). Fibroblasts activated by early‐stage cancer‐exosomes (SW480‐Exos) are highly pro‐proliferative and pro‐angiogenic and display elevated expression of pro‐angiogenic (IL8, RAB10, NDRG1) and pro‐proliferative (SA1008, FFPS) proteins. In contrast, fibroblasts activated by late‐stage cancer‐exosomes (SW620‐Exos) display a striking ability to invade through extracellular matrix through upregulation of pro‐invasive regulators of membrane protrusion (PDLIM1, MYO1B) and matrix‐remodeling proteins (MMP11, EMMPRIN, ADAM10). Conserved features of Exos‐mediated fibroblast activation include enhanced ECM secretion (COL1A1, Tenascin‐C/X), oncogenic transformation, and metabolic reprogramming (downregulation of CAV‐1, upregulation of glycogen metabolism (GAA), amino acid biosynthesis (SHMT2, IDH2) and membrane transporters of glucose (GLUT1), lactate (MCT4), and amino acids (SLC1A5/3A5)). This study highlights the role of primary and metastatic CRC tumor‐derived Exos in generating phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of CAFs that may facilitate tumor progression.
Exploring protein‐protein interactions using the site‐identification by ligand competitive saturation methodology
Authors: Yu Wenbo , Jo Sunhwan , Lakkaraju Sirish Kaushik , Weber David J. , MacKerell Alexander D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractProtein docking methods are powerful computational tools to study protein‐protein interactions (PPI). While a significant number of docking algorithms have been developed, they are usually based on rigid protein models or with limited considerations of protein flexibility and the desolvation effect is rarely considered in docking energy functions, which may lower the accuracy of the predictions. To address these issues, we introduce a PPI energy function based on the site‐identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) framework and utilize the fast Fourier transform (FFT) correlation approach. The free energy content of the SILCS FragMaps represent an alternative to traditional energy grids and they can be efficiently utilized to guide FFT‐based protein docking. Application of the approach to eight diverse test cases, including seven from Protein Docking Benchmark 5.0, showed the PPI prediction using SILCS approach (SILCS‐PPI) to be competitive with several commonly used protein docking methods indicating that the method has the ability to both qualitatively and quantitatively inform the prediction of PPI. Results show the utility of the SILCS‐PPI docking approach for determination of probability distributions of PPI interactions over the surface of both partner proteins, allowing for identification of alternate binding poses. Such binding poses are confirmed by experimental crystal contacts in our test cases. While more computationally demanding than available PPI docking technologies, we anticipate that the SILCS‐PPI docking approach will offer an alternative methodology for improved evaluation of PPIs that could be used in a variety of fields from systems biology to excipient design for biologics‐based drugs.
Rigidity and flexibility characteristics of DD[E/D]‐transposases Mos1 and Sleeping Beauty
Authors: Singer Christopher M. , Joy Diana , Jacobs Donald J. , Nesmelova Irina V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDD[E/D]‐transposases catalyze the multistep reaction of cut‐and‐paste DNA transposition. Structurally, several DD[E/D]‐transposases have been characterized, revealing a multi‐domain structure with the catalytic domain possessing the RNase H‐like structural motif that brings three catalytic residues (D, D, and E or D) into close proximity for the catalysis. However, the dynamic behavior of DD[E/D]‐transposases during transposition remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze the rigidity and flexibility characteristics of two representative DD[E/D]‐transposases Mos1 and Sleeping Beauty (SB) using the minimal distance constraint model (mDCM). We find that the catalytic domain of both transposases is globally rigid, with the notable exception of the clamp loop being flexible in the DNA‐unbound form. Within this globally rigid structure, the central β‐sheet of the RNase H‐like motif is much less rigid in comparison to its surrounding α‐helices, forming a cage‐like structure. The comparison of the original SB transposase to its hyperactive version SB100X reveals the region where the change in flexibility/rigidity correlates with increased activity. This region is found to be within the RNase H‐like structural motif and comprise the loop leading from beta‐strand B3 to helix H1, helices H1 and H2, which are located on the same side of the central beta‐sheet, and the loop between helix H3 and beta‐strand B5. We further identify the RKEN214‐217DAVQ mutations of the set of hyperactive mutations within the catalytic domain of SB transposase to be the driving factor that induces change in residue‐pair rigidity correlations within SB transposase. Given that a signature RNase H‐like structural motif is found in DD[E/D]‐transposases and, more broadly, in a large superfamily of polynucleotidyl transferases, our results are relevant to these proteins as well.
Treatment with 1‐benzylpiperazine (BZP) during adolescence of male and female hooded rats exposed to environmental enrichment: Subsequent behavioral outcomes
Authors: Dixon Ellen I. , Hughes Robert N. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFrom 30 days after birth until the completion of the study, male and female rats were caged in same‐sexed twos or threes either with (enriched cages, EC) or without several objects for them to explore (standard cages, SC). From 41 to 50 days of age (late adolescence), they received a daily intraperitoneal injection of saline, or 10 or 20 mg/kg of the monoaminergic agonist drug of abuse, 1‐benzylpiperazine (BZP). Ten days later (PND60+), their behavior was observed over several days in an open field, an elevated plus maze, a light‐dark box and (to assess short‐term memory) a Y maze in which one of the arms had been changed in brightness between two trials. These tests were repeated from 40 days after PND60+, namely PND100+. While open‐arm occupancy at PND100+ in the plus maze was lower following both doses of the drug for SC rats only, other examples of BZP‐related heightened anxiety were confined to EC rats. This suggested that enrichment had enhanced rather than reduced any anxiogenic effects of the drug treatment. There was no plausible evidence of BZP‐associated impaired spatial memory required to recognize the changed novel Y‐maze arm. Instead, changes in novelty preferences or neophobia‐related anxiety were most likely. While there were also some examples of sex and age differences in the later effects of BZP, in most cases these were evident at both ages following treatment with both BZP doses. A number of overall BZP, cage, sex and age differences, independent of enrichment effects, were also observed.
MOTIVES FOR MUSIC: LONDON, MAY 2018
Authors: Whittall Arnold 
Published: December 2018

Abstract‘Motive’ or ‘motif’ has long been a familiar term in writing about music, not least because many writers enjoy the word-play available when a composer's possible motivation for inventing and elaborating specific motivic materials is under discussion. The extent to which motives reach beyond melody into harmony has arguably become a more conscious concern of composers who have moved beyond traditional tonality, and some of the consequences of such concerns are considered here, in relation to recent works by two leading British composers, George Benjamin (b. 1960) and his one-time student Christian Mason (b. 1984).
TOUCH AS A MODEL FOR EXPANDED MUSICAL FORM
Authors: Cole William Davy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTouch is world-directed, temporally extended, exploratory contact and movement. It was by modelling his theory of perception on touch that Alva Noë was able to show (inAction in Perception, 2006) that perceptual experience acquires content through our physical interactions with the world, that the detail we perceive in the world ‘is experienced by us asout there, not asin our minds’ (p. 33). In this essay, I share some thoughts on how understanding musical experience on these terms, as touch-like, may be a useful means of looking past the work-concept to the wider field of musical possibilities beyond. I begin by briefly considering the phenomenology of touch, which serves as the basis for the argument that follows.
MUSCLE MEMORY: THE INIMITABLE FEEL OF THE RECORD
Authors: Rennie Tullis 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMuscle Memory is a new record I have made in collaboration with pianist Matthew Bourne (playing Memorymoog) and trumpeter Graham South. Comprising two composed sound pieces, it was released on vinyl in 2017. The pieces are structured around recordings made in the houses of each collaborator, documenting the act of listening to records. The compositions include conversation between composer and collaborators, samples of music from records heard/discussed, improvised instrumental sections, and electronically manipulated materials. Muscle Memory has since been presented to a number of audiences attending ‘living-room’ listening sessions – held in small, intimate and domestic spaces across the UK. Participative listening of this type is understood through Simon Frith and Christopher Small as an inclusive, collaborative, compositional action. The tactility (Mike D'Errico) and ‘objectness’ (David Grubbs) of records is also of importance. This text is a document of that listening experience.