bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic work environments: Patient experience outcomes in Magnet versus non-Magnet hospitals
Authors: McCaughey Deirdre , McGhan Gwen E. , Rathert Cheryl , Williams Jessica H. , Hearld Kristine R. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The term Magnet hospital is an official designation ascribed by the American Nurses Credentialing Center for hospitals that meet specific criteria indicating they have a “magnetic work environment” for nurses. The objective of the Magnet designation is to encourage hospitals to design work in such a way as to attract and retain high-quality nurses and thus improve the quality of patient care. Empirical research has demonstrated that hospitals who earn a Magnet designation appear to have nurses who are more satisfied and committed to their work environments. Although research on whether patients are more satisfied with their care in these hospitals is still in its infancy, preliminary studies suggest that patients receiving care at Magnet-designated hospitals report more positive care experiences.

Purpose:
This study used a large secondary survey data set to explore the extent to which inpatient perceptions differed between Magnet and non-Magnet hospitals.

Methodology:
Ordinal logistic and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine whether Magnet hospital status and positive nurse communication are related to overall hospital rating and willingness of patients to recommend the hospital.

Results:
Results indicated that patients treated at a Magnet hospital and patients who rated nurses’ communication highly were significantly more satisfied and more likely to say they would recommend the hospital.

Conclusions:
Evidence from this study suggests that it would be worthwhile for hospital leaders to consider organizational policies and practices consistent with the criteria put forth for Magnet hospital designation.
Use of Intravitreal Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Secondary Glaucoma Caused by Metastatic Iris Tumor
Authors: Aydin Rukiye , Tezel Tongalp H. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose:
The purpose of this article was to report the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab to resolve secondary angle-closure glaucoma caused by biliary tract carcinoma metastasis to the iris.

Materials and Methods:
A 52-year-old white woman who was under systemic chemotherapy for biliary tract carcinoma presented with a metastatic tumor in the left iris. At presentation, her visual acuity was at the 20/50 level. The tumor was occupying the nasal half of the iris, and had already occupied 5.5 clock hours of the angle, resulting in intraocular pressure elevation to 34 mm Hg. Several small clumps of tumor seeds were also observed on the iris and along the angle. Her intraocular pressure remained high despite full medical therapy with dorzolamide, timolol, brimonidine, and oral acetozolamide. Because of the vascularized nature of the tumor, antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment with 3 repeated injections of bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) was applied 1-month apart. Bevacizumab treatment resulted in an abrupt decrease in tumor mass and disappearance of tumoral seeds from the anterior chamber. The patient’s vision improved to 20/20, and intraocular pressure decreased to normal levels.

Conclusions:
Anti-VEGF treatment with intravitreal bevacizumab can restore sight and achieve intraocular pressure control in metastatic iris tumors complicated with secondary glaucoma. Anti-VEGF drugs are viable alternatives for the treatment of secondary angle-closure glaucoma induced by metastatic iris tumors and can prevent enucleation of these eyes.
Environmental Enteropathy, Micronutrient Adequacy, and Length Velocity in Nepalese Children
Authors: Morseth Marianne S. , Henjum Sigrun , Schwinger Catherine , Strand Tor A. , Shrestha Sanjaya K. , Shrestha Binob , Chandyo Ram K. , Ulak Manjeswori , Torheim Liv Elin 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:Environmental enteropathy (EE) is likely associated with growth retardation in children, but the association between EE and length velocity z score (LVZ) has not been investigated. The objective of the study was to assess associations between fecal markers for intestinal inflammation and LVZ and whether these associations were influenced by micronutrient adequacy among 9 to 24 months old children in Bhaktapur, Nepal.Methods:Data were divided into 5 time slots (9–12, 12–15, 15–18, 18–21, and 21–24 months). Anthropometric measurement and dietary assessment (by 24 hour recall) were performed monthly. Mean nutrient density adequacy was calculated based on nutrient density adequacy of 10 micronutrients (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin C, vitamin A, calcium, iron, and zinc). Anti‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and neopterin (NEO) were measured in stool samples collected at the beginning of each time slot. An EE score was calculated based on all 3 fecal markers. Associations between AAT, MPO, NEO and EE score and LVZ were assessed by multiple linear regression analyses and Generalized Estimating Equations models.Results:Associations between fecal markers and EE score and LVZ were generally weak. EE score and MPO for 3‐month and MPO for 6‐month growth periods were significantly associated with LVZ from 9 to 24 months. These associations were slightly modified by mean nutrient density adequacy.Conclusions:EE score and MPO were significantly associated with LVZ in 9 to 24 months old Nepali children. Further studies to establish the usefulness of AAT, MPO, and NEO in assessing EE and growth retardation are warranted.
Parent Perspectives of Receiving Early Information About Palliative and End-of-Life Care Options From Their Child’s Pediatric Providers
Authors: Hendricks-Ferguson Verna L. , Haase Joan E. 
Published: April 2018

Background
Parents of children diagnosed with cancer may experience decision regret about cancer treatment decisions and dissatisfaction with the perceived clarity in information received from their child's providers.

Objective
The aim of this study was to describe parental perspectives about receiving an early palliative care and end-of-life (PC/EOL) communication intervention titled “Communication Plan: Early through End of Life Intervention” (COMPLETE) from an interprofessional team of physician and registered nurse providers.

Methods
Ten parents participated in semistructured interviews after receiving the COMPLETE intervention. The COMPLETE intervention included 3 sessions delivered shortly after diagnosis and at the next 2 cancer treatment evaluations. Sessions of COMPLETE focused on early PC/EOL care discussions at diagnosis and after tumor response evaluations with their child's providers.

Results
Results included 2 theme categories: (1) COMPLETE nurtures realistic hope and meaningful dialogue by parents connecting with healthcare providers as a dyad, and (2) benefits of COMPLETE helped parents to make informed decisions. In addition, there were offered suggestions to improve COMPLETE.

Conclusion
The COMPLETE intervention provided a unique mechanism to foster early discussions about PC/EOL options between parents and an interprofessional team during the first 6 months of the child's cancer treatment. Future study is needed using a randomized clinical control-group design to evaluate COMPLETE with a large sample of parents.

Implications for Practice
Findings provide promising evidence of parents' preference and receptivity to receive early information about PC/EOL care options for a child with a brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The COMPLETE intervention provided a mechanism to help encourage parental consideration of realistic hoped-for goals for their child's condition and care.
T2-Weighted Dixon Turbo Spin Echo for Accelerated Simultaneous Grading of Whole-Body Skeletal Muscle Fat Infiltration and Edema in Patients With Neuromuscular Diseases
Authors: Schlaeger Sarah , Klupp Elisabeth , Weidlich Dominik , Cervantes Barbara , Foreman Sarah C. , Deschauer Marcus , Schoser Benedikt , Katemann Christoph , Kooijman Hendrik , Rummeny Ernst J. , Zimmer Claus , Kirschke Jan S. , Karampinos Dimitrios C. 
Published: April 2018

Objective
The assessment of fatty infiltration and edema in the musculature of patients with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) typically requires the separate performance of T1-weighted and fat-suppressed T2-weighted sequences. T2-weighted Dixon turbo spin echo (TSE) enables the generation of T2-weighted fat- and water-separated images, which can be used to assess both pathologies simultaneously. The present study examines the diagnostic performance of T2-weighted Dixon TSE compared with the standard sequences in 10 patients with NMDs and 10 healthy subjects.

Methods
Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging was performed including T1-weighted Dixon fast field echo, T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery, and T2-weighted Dixon TSE. Fatty infiltration and intramuscular edema were rated by 2 radiologists using visual semiquantitative rating scales. To assess intermethod and interrater agreement, weighted Cohen's κ coefficients were calculated.

Results
The ratings of fatty infiltration showed high intermethod and high interrater agreement (T1-weighted Dixon fast field echo vs T2-weighted Dixon TSE fat image). The evaluation of edematous changes showed high intermethod and good interrater agreement (T2-weighted short-tau inversion recovery vs T2-weighted Dixon TSE water image).

Conclusions
T2-weighted Dixon TSE imaging is an alternative for accelerated simultaneous grading of whole-body skeletal muscle fat infiltration and edema in patients with NMDs.
Acute Paraesophageal Hernia: Laparoscopic Repair With Adjunct T-Fastener Gastropexy for the High Operative Risk Patient
Authors: Arevalo Gabriel , Wilkerson Jordan , Saxe Jonathan 
Published: April 2018

Background:
In the emergent setting, most paraesophageal hernia (PEH) repairs are done by laparotomy with adjunct gastropexy or gastrostomy tube (GT) placement. This adjunct to the repair can be performed expeditiously by a laparoscopic approach by utilizing T-fasteners. We present our case series of patients with PEHs and acute gastric volvulus that were managed with laparoscopy and how patient characteristics can influence the repair technique.

Methods:
Patients with high operative risk who underwent laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair with adjunct T-fastener gastropexy in the emergent setting between July 2014 and July 2016 were included in this study.

Results:
Thirteen patients underwent successful PEH repair and all were classified as urgent/emergent upon admission. In total, 30.7% were performed laparoscopically. The median patient age was 84 years. A laparoscopic GT or gastropexy was performed for fixation of the stomach. Crural closure by an anterior cruroplasty was performed in all patients. There were no mortalities. One patient required conversion of gastropexy into a GT given symptoms of dysphagia. Prolonged length of stay was related to postdischarge institutionalization. All patients remained free of obstructive symptoms.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic PEH repair with adjunct gastropexy or GT placement should be considered in emergent cases for elderly patients with predominately obstructive symptoms. Laparoscopy for PEH repair is challenging and requires technical skills. T-fastener gastropexy or GT placement is safe, simple, and obviates the need for intracorporeal suturing. It also may be used to improve physician comfort with laparoscopy and to expedite the repair in this high-risk population.
Nationwide trends in mortality following penetrating trauma: Are we up for the challenge?
Authors: Sakran Joseph V. , Mehta Ambar , Fransman Ryan , Nathens Avery B. , Joseph Bellal , Kent Alistair , Haut Elliott R. , Efron David T. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Despite a focus on improved prehospital care, penetrating injuries contribute substantially to trauma mortality in the United States. We therefore analyzed contemporary trends in prehospital mortality from penetrating trauma in the past decade.

METHODS
We identified patients in the The National Trauma Data Bank from 2007 to 2010 (“early period”) and 2011 to 2014 (“late period”) with gunshot wounds (GSW) and stab wounds (SW), who were treated at hospitals that recorded dead-on-arrival statistics. Multivariable logistic regressions assessed differences in body locations of trauma, prehospital mortality, and in-hospital mortality between the early and late periods. Models accounted for hospital clusters and adjusted for age, pulse, hypotension, New Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale, and number of injured body parts.

RESULTS
From 2007 to 2014, 437,398 patients experienced penetrating traumas, with equal distributions of GSW and SW. There were unadjusted differences in prehospital mortality (GSW: early, 2.0% vs. late, 4.9%; SW: early, 0.2% vs. late, 1.1%) and in-hospital mortality (GSW: early, 13.8% vs. late, 9.5%; SW: early, 1.8% vs. late, 1.0%) by both mechanisms. After adjustment, patients in the late period relative to those in the early period had significantly higher odds of prehospital death (GSWs: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.31–6.22; SWs: aOR, 8.98; 95% CI, 5.50–14.67) and lower odds of in-hospital death (GSWs: aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80–0.90; SWs: aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71–0.92). Sensitivity analyses assessing GSWs and SWs by locations of body injury found similar results. Additionally, patients in the late period were more likely to experience penetrating injuries to the face, spine, and lower extremities.

CONCLUSION
In the United States, the prevalence of penetrating traumas remains a nationwide burden. The odds of prehospital mortality has increased over fourfold for GSWs and almost ninefold for SWs. Examining violence intensity, along with improvements in hospital care and data collection, may explain these findings.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiological, level IV.
Minimizing Structural Bias in Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy
Authors: Mazidi Hesam , Lu Jin , Nehorai Arye , Lew Matthew D. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTSingle-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) depends on sequential detection and localization of individual molecular blinking events. Due to the stochasticity of single-molecule blinking and the desire to improve SMLM’s temporal resolution, algorithms capable of analyzing frames with a high density (HD) of active molecules, or molecules whose images overlap, are a prerequisite for accurate location measurements. Thus far, HD algorithms are evaluated using scalar metrics, such as root-mean-square error, that fail to quantify the structure of errors caused by the structure of the sample. Here, we show that the spatial distribution of localization errors within super-resolved images of biological structures are vectorial in nature, leading to systematic structural biases that severely degrade image resolution. We further demonstrate that the shape of the microscope’s point-spread function (PSF) fundamentally affects the characteristics of imaging artifacts. We built a Robust Statistical Estimation algorithm (RoSE) to minimize these biases for arbitrary structures and PSFs. RoSE accomplishes this minimization by estimating the likelihood of blinking events to localize molecules more accurately and eliminate false localizations. Using RoSE, we measure the distance between crossing microtubules, quantify the morphology of and separation between vesicles, and obtain robust recovery using diverse 3D PSFs with unmatched accuracy compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Hypoxia increases the tempo of evolution in glioblastoma
Authors: Grimes David Robert , Jansen Marnix , Macauley Robert J. , Scott Jacob G. , Basanta David 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow oxygen in tumours have long been associated with poor prognosis and metastatic disease, precise reasons for which remain poorly understood. Somatic evolution drives cancer progression and treatment resistance. This process is fuelled not only by genetic and epigenetic mutation, but by selection resulting from the interactions between tumour cells, normal cells and physical microenvironment. The ecological habitat tumour cells inhabit influences evolutionary dynamics but impact on tempo of evolution is less clear.MethodsWe explored this complex dialogue with a combined clinical-theoretical approach. Using an agent-based-model, we simulated proliferative hierarchy under heterogeneous oxygen availability. Predictions were compared against clinical data derived from histology samples taken from glioblastoma patients, stained to elucidate areas of hypoxia / necrosis, and p53 expression heterogeneity.ResultsSimulation results indicate cell division in hypoxic environments is effectively upregulated, and that low-oxygen niches provide new avenues for tumour cells to spread. Analysis of human data indicates cell division isn’t decreased in low-oxygen regions, despite evidence of significant physiological stress. This is consistent with simulation, suggesting hypoxia is a crucible that effectively warping evolutionary velocity, making deleterious mutations more likely than in well-oxygenated regions.ConclusionsResults suggest hypoxic regions alter evolutionary tempo, driving mutations which fuel tumour heterogeneity..
Mice follow odor trails using stereo olfactory cues and rapid sniff to sniff comparisons
Authors: Jones Peter W , Urban Nathan N 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnimals use the distribution of chemicals in their environment to guide behaviors essential for life, including finding food and mates, and avoiding predators. The presence of this general class of behavior is extremely widespread, even though the olfactory sensory apparatus and strategies used may vary between animals. The strategies and cues used by mammals to localize and track odor sources have recently become of interest to neuroscientists, but are still poorly understand. In order to study how mice localize odors, we trained mice to perform a trail following task using a novel behavioral paradigm and behavioral monitoring setup. We find that mice, in order to follow an odor trail, use both sniff by sniff odor concentration comparisons and internares comparisons to guide their behavior. Furthermore, they employ olfactory information to guide adaptive behaviors with remarkably short latencies of approximately 80ms. This study and its findings establish a rich, quantifiable olfactory localization behavior in mice that is amenable to physiological investigations and motivates investigation into the neural substrates of the identified olfactory cues.SignificanceMany animals, like rodents, rely heavily on their sense smell to guide them as they navigate their environment, to find food and mates and to avoid predators. Yet, in mammals, this function of the olfactory system is much less well studied than odor identification. We created a behavioral task where mice had to follow odor trails in order to efficiently find food and then tracked their movements around those trails. We found that they respond to sniff-by-sniff changes in odor intensity, using those changes to guide movements in less than one tenth of a second and also confirm that they use stereo cues to guide behavior. These results lay the groundwork for determining the brain circuits underlying olfactory navigation.
T-cell receptor αβ chain pairing is associated with CD4+ and CD8+ lineage specification
Authors: Carter Jason A. , Preall Jonathan B. , Grigaityte Kristina , Goldfless Stephen J. , Briggs Adrian W. , Vigneault Francois , Atwal Gurinder S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhile a highly diverse T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is the hallmark of a healthy adaptive immune system, relatively little is understood about how the CD4+ and CD8+ TCR repertoires differ from one another. We here utilize high-throughput single T-cell sequencing to obtain approximately 100,000 TCR αβ chain pairs from human subjects, stratified into CD4+ and CD8+ lineages. We reveal that substantial information about T-cell lineage is encoded by Vαβ gene pairs and, to a lesser extent, by several other TCR features such as CDR3 length and charge. We further find that the strength of association between the β chain and T-cell lineage is surprisingly weak, similar in strength to that of the α chain. Using machine learning classifiers to predict T-cell lineage from TCR features, we demon-strate that αβ chain pairs are significantly more informative than individual chains alone. These findings provide unprecedented insight into the CD4+ and CD8+ TCR repertoires and highlight the importance of αβ chain pairing in TCR function and specificity.
Likelihood-based Fits of Folding Transitions (LiFFT) for Biomolecule Mapping Data
Authors: Das Rhiju 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSummaryBiomolecules shift their structures as a function of temperature and concentrations of protons, ions, small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. These transitions impact or underlie biological function and are being monitored at increasingly high throughput. For example, folding transitions for large collections of RNAs can now be monitored at single residue resolution by chemical mapping techniques. LIkelihood-based Fits of Folding Transitions (LIFFT) quantifies these data through well-defined thermodynamic models. LIFFT implements a Bayesian framework that takes into account data at all measured residues and enables visual assessment of modeling uncertainties that can be overlooked in least-squares fits. The framework is appropriate for multimodal techniques ranging from chemical mapping including multi-wavelength spectroscopy.AvailabilityFreely available MATLAB package at https://ribokit.stanford.edu/LIFFT/.Contactrhiju@stanford.eduSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Inheritance of neural substrates for motivation and pleasure experience
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang Yi , Yan Chao , Li Ke , Zeng Ya-wei , Cheung Eric F. C. , Docherty Anna R. , Sham Pak C. , Gur Raquel E. , Gur Ruben C. , Chan Raymond C. K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite advances in the understanding of the reward system and the role of dopamine in recent decades, the heredity of the underlying neural mechanisms is not known. In the present study, a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task was used to examine the haemodynamic activation of the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a key hub of the reward system, in 86 healthy monozygotic twins and 88 dizygotic twins during the anticipation of monetary incentives. The participants also completed self-report measures of pleasure experience. Using a voxel-wise heritability mapping method, activation of the bilateral NAcc during the anticipation of monetary gains was found to have significant heritability (h2 = 0.20-0.49). Moreover, significant shared genetic covariance was observed between pleasure experience and NAcc activation when anticipating monetary gain. These findings suggest that NAcc activation and self-reported pleasure experience may both be heritable, and their phenotypic correlation may be partially explained by shared genetic variation.