bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft tissue‐related complications and management around dental implants
Authors: Chackartchi Tali , Romanos Georgios E. , Sculean Anton 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImplant installation for replacing missing teeth is a frequent treatment procedure with high long‐term survival and success rates. However, the success of implant therapy may be jeopardized by several complications related to mistakes in treatment planning, surgical procedure, management of hard and soft tissues, and infections. Increasing evidence suggests that the stability of the soft tissues surrounding osseointegrated dental implants may substantially influence long‐term clinical stability and esthetics. Therefore, when implant therapy is planned, the clinician must not only be able to perform the appropriate steps to maintain/create a stable soft tissue, but also needs to be aware of the potential sources for complications and possess the adequate knowledge for their appropriate management. The present paper provides an overview of the most important aspects related to the prevention and management of soft tissue‐related complications in conjunction with implant therapy. The current literature indicates that the presence of an adequate width of keratinized attached mucosa around dental implants may lead to better soft and hard tissue stability, less plaque accumulation, limited soft tissue recession, and lower incidence of peri‐implant mucositis. Proper implant positioning by carefully considering appropriate mesio‐distal and bucco‐lingual dimensions and implant angulation may prevent the loss of interdental soft tissues and development of soft tissue recessions. To optimize the width of keratinized attached mucosa, the appropriate soft tissue augmentation protocol should be selected for each particular indication. When the use of autogenous soft tissue grafts is planned, a thorough knowledge of the anatomical structures is mandatory in order to harvest soft tissue grafts of an appropriate quality and quantity and to avoid/minimize postoperative complications. Finally, the clinician needs to master the necessary steps in order to manage complications related to extensive bleeding and tissue necrosis that may occur in conjunction with soft tissue augmentation procedures.
Implant‐abutment connection as contributing factor to peri‐implant diseases
Authors: Koutouzis Theofilos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDental implant–supported prostheses are an established treatment modality for the functional and esthetic rehabilitation of partial and/or complete edentulous patients. One of the most essential factors for successful treatment outcomes stems from preservation of the peri‐implant bone. Early peri‐implant crestal bone loss has been a common observation, coincides with the time period where most treatment manipulations occur and has been considered as a complex multifactorial event. Microbial leakage at the implant‐abutment interface has been associated with inflammatory reactions that may jeopardize peri‐implant crestal bone stability. Prevention of microbial leakage at the implant‐abutment interface is a major challenge in the construction of two‐piece implant systems. Changes in the implant‐abutment complex design achieved reduction in the magnitude of microbial leakage and/or separation of the implant‐abutment interface from the osseous surface. However, it is still unclear if microbial leakage at the implant‐abutment interface plays a role beyond the initial crestal bone remodeling, namely on the development of peri‐implantitis. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze the knowledge available on the integrity of different types of implant‐abutment connections and their potential role on the development of peri‐implant crestal bone loss and peri‐implant diseases.
BPAP is an effective second‐line therapy for obese patients with OSA failing regular CPAP: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Ishak Athanasius , Ramsay Michelle , Hart Nicholas , Steier Joerg 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveContinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most common treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), but many patients fail long‐term therapy. Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) is a potential alternative. We hypothesized that BPAP could improve treatment adherence and outcomes in patients who cannot tolerate CPAP.MethodsPatients with OSA who failed CPAP (usage < 4 h/day) and were referred to a tertiary sleep centre between 2014 and 2017 for BPAP were included. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), co‐morbidities, CPAP use and reasons for failure, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), sleep study data, spirometry data and average maximum nightly compliance were recorded.ResultsA total of 52 patients with OSA requiring CPAP > 15 cm H2O (71% male, age: 58 (15) years, BMI: 42.6 (10.1) kg/m2, apnoea–hypopnoea index (AHI): 51.1 (30.4)/h) were studied; 62% had respiratory co‐morbidities affecting nocturnal breathing including obesity hypoventilation syndrome and COPD; 25% had neuromuscular conditions; and 17% had cardiovascular disease. CPAP was used for 199 (106–477) days prior to referral for BPAP. Reasons for CPAP failure were intolerant pressures (23%), uncontrolled symptoms (23%), mask problems (21%), adverse effects (13%), claustrophobia (8%), co‐morbidities (8%) and other issues (4%). Lower expiratory positive airway pressures were needed with BPAP compared to CPAP (10 (8–12) vs 16.8 (15.7–19.2) cm H2O, P = 0.001); patients achieved better adherence to BPAP (7.0 (4.0–8.5) vs 2.5 (1.6–6.7) h/night, P = 0.028) and better symptom control (ESS: 4.0 (1.0–7.0) vs 10.0 (6.0–17.0) points, P = 0.039).ConclusionIn patients with moderate–severe OSA who fail CPAP therapy due to low adherence, BPAP is well tolerated and achieves sufficient control of sleep‐disordered breathing and its symptoms.
Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Utanobori Gold Deposit in Northern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Sorulen Thomas T. , Takahashi Ryohei , Tanaka So , Suzuki Kana , Imai Akira , Watanabe Yasushi , Kikuchi Shingo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Utanobori gold deposit is a low‐sulfidation, epithermal vein‐type deposit located in northern Hokkaido, Japan. The deposit is hosted by conglomerate, sandstone, and tuff of the Middle to Late Miocene Esashi Formation. These rocks were hydrothermally altered. Silica sinters and quartz‐adularia veins are common in the deposit. The quartz‐adularia veins either contain a ginguro band, which corresponds to the main gold‐bearing vein (Type 1 Veins), or do not contain a ginguro band but contain minor adularia (Type 2 Veins). Type 1 Veins are divided into three stages with 12–14 substages. Ore minerals identified include electrum, naumannite, chlorargyrite, bromargyrite, an unidentified Fe‐Sb mineral, and an Fe‐(Sb)‐As mineral. These ore minerals formed in the main mineralization stages I (bands I‐b and I‐d) and II (band II‐a). Scanning electron microscopy with cathodoluminescence images show that cathodoluminescence‐dark microcrystalline quartz exhibiting colloform (ghost‐sphere) texture is closely associated with ore minerals in the Type 1 Vein and Type 2 Vein, and the Al and K contents of such quartz are commonly >1000 ppm. This indicates that the ore minerals were crystallized from alkaline, silica‐saturated fluids at temperatures <200°C, which initially deposited amorphous silica that was recrystallized to microcrystalline quartz. The average Au content of electrum is 52.5 at% Au (n = 10), 65.7 at% Au (n = 20), and 55.5 at% Au (n = 5) in bands I‐b, I‐d, and II‐a, respectively, of Type 1 Veins. The δ34SCDT values of two fine‐grained disseminated pyrites in the altered conglomerate and bedded tuff in the argillic altered zone are −4.3 and −4.2‰. Ar‐Ar dating on adularia yielded 13.6 ± 0.06 Ma, 13.6 ± 0.07 Ma, and 13.6 ± 0.06 Ma for the stages I, II, and III of the Type 1 Vein, respectively. K‐Ar ages determined on adularia in the silica sinter and on whole‐rock of glassy rhyolite of the Esashi Formation are 15.0 ± 0.4 Ma and 14.6 ± 0.4 Ma, respectively. These radiometric ages indicate that silica sinter associated with the rhyolitic volcanic rocks formed prior to the main gold mineralization.
Emotions and Deliberation in the Citizens’ Initiative Review
Authors: Johnson Genevieve Fuji , Morrell Michael E. , Black Laura W. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveEmotions in deliberative democratic practices have been of interest to researchers and practitioners of democracy for years. Yet, scholars have not fully analyzed emotions in this context. We advance this discussion in terms of both data collection and analysis with respect to Citizens' Initiative Reviews (CIRs) in Arizona, Oregon, and Massachusetts in 2016. We respond to four central research questions: (1) What discrete emotions do participants report experiencing during mini‐public deliberation? (2) How do the reported emotions vary across the period of deliberation? (3) How do the expressed emotions affect the deliberation? and (4) What work do expressed emotions do in mini‐publics in terms of helping or hindering deliberation?MethodsTo ensure a comprehensive analysis of the data we were able to collect, we employ a mixed‐methods design and use both quantitative and qualitative methods.Results and ConclusionUltimately, we contend that the activities and tasks of the group, as well as the behaviors of participants and relationships among them, are all important factors that shape how people experience emotion, but that the CIR procedures have the greatest influence in mediating emotions to serve the ends of deliberation in these mini‐publics.
Non‐equivalent pass‐through of anti‐dumping duties, countervailing duties and import tariffs
Authors: Nizovtsev Dmitri , Skiba Alexandre 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe directly compare the short‐run pass‐through of tariffs, anti‐dumping (AD) duties and countervailing (CV) duties into US import prices. Consistent with the theoretical predictions, we find clear pattern of non‐equivalence in import price reaction to the three duty types, with the most notable difference detected between AD duties and tariffs. According to our estimates, a tariff rate would have to be approximately two times higher than an AD duty rate in order to have the same effect on the delivered import price.
Determinants shaping the international currency system: Where do currencies stand relative to their equilibria?
Authors: Siranova Maria , Rocha Manuel Duarte 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing a sample of 27 currencies, we empirically test the role of a large set of determinants potentially underlying currencies' share in the international currency system, providing, to the best of our knowledge, the most comprehensive study of this kind so far. We propose a new global indicator that quantifies the international use of currencies on the basis of three dimensions—medium of exchange, unit of account and store of value. From a range of indicators including openness, financial development and institutional development indicators, we uncover several variables that are significant in explaining the international status of currencies, hence contributing to understanding the role of the determinants shaping the international currency system. We also investigate the long‐run equilibrium values for currency shares, allowing us to score currencies on the basis of the potential stemming from the determinants. We contribute to the debate on international currencies' prospects, not only by looking at much discussed currencies such as the US dollar, the euro and the Chinese renminbi, but also by uncovering potential of emerging currencies. This knowledge is of the utmost importance for the debate on the reform of the international monetary system—from the point of view of academics, policymakers and market practitioners.
Fluorescence biomodulation in the management of canine interdigital pyoderma cases: a prospective, single‐blinded, randomized and controlled clinical study
Authors: Marchegiani Andrea , Spaterna Andrea , Cerquetella Matteo , Tambella Adolfo M , Fruganti Alessandro , Paterson Susan 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundInterdigital pyoderma is a common multifactorial, inflammatory disease of the canine interdigital skin. Lesions commonly become infected secondarily. In addition to management of the underlying cause, management of the chronic inflammatory changes in the interdigital skin created by secondary infection and by the release of keratin into deep tissues is required. Fluorescence biomodulation appears to modulate the inflammatory process in dermatological disorders and has shown promise in preliminary studies evaluating its use in superficial and deep pyoderma in dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a fluorescence biomodulation (FB) system used in conjunction with systemic antibiotic on clinical manifestations of canine interdigital pyoderma (CIP), compared to dogs treated with antibiotic alone.AnimalsThirty‐six dogs diagnosed with CIP.Methods and materialsDogs were randomly allocated to treatment groups of either antibiotic alone (Group A) or antibiotic plus twice‐weekly FB application (Group B). Dogs were scored over a 12 week period on the basis of two measured parameters: a global lesion score composed of four different lesions types and neutrophil engulfing bacterial scores.ResultsA statistically significant decrease was seen by Week 3 in both measured parameters for Group B compared to Group A. The mean time‐to‐resolution of lesions was 4.3 weeks in Group B and 10.4 weeks in Group A.Conclusion and clinical importanceThe FB system shows promise as an adjunct therapy to systemic antibiotic use in the management of CIP.
Carbon release mechanism of synthetic and agricultural solid carbon sources
Authors: Yu Luji , Cheng Lulu , Peng Zhaoxu , Li Tingmei , Liu Lu , Liu Xiaofang , Fan Pengyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExploring slow‐release carbon source is essential to improve nitrogen removal performance of low C/N wastewater. Synthetic polymers and agricultural products were selected as solid carbon source, the results showed that each solid carbon source followed the first‐order release kinetic equation. The released total organic carbon of polpolycaprolactone, polybutylene succinate, polyvinyl alcohol–sodium alginate, corncob, peanut shell and obsolescent rice were 3.19, 3.49, 5.42, 29.44, 26.95 and 6.53 mg/g, respectively. Acetic was the main released short‐chain fatty acid, whose proportion was higher than 80% for agricultural products and lower than 70% for synthetic polymers. For agricultural carbon source, the porosity and carbon distribution on surface was increased after carbon release, the amount of N–H and benzene rings was increased. While for synthetic carbon source, the carbon distribution on surface was decreased after carbon release. The carbon release mechanism was mainly skeleton dissolution for agricultural solid carbon source, while for synthetic carbon source, Fick diffusion was the dominated function.
Local therapy for cancer therapy-associated uveitis: a case series and review of the literature
Authors: Venkat Arthi Ganesh , Arepalli Sruthi , Sharma Sumit , Karthik Naveen , Lowder Careen , Ehlers Justis P , Singh Arun , Goshe Jeffrey , Srivastava Sunil 
Published: August 2019

Background/aimsImmunotherapy and targeted therapy for metastatic cancer may cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) such as uveitis. If irAEs are severe or require systemic steroids, cancer therapy is often held or discontinued. Local steroid therapy for cancer therapy-associated uveitis allows the continuation of cancer therapy. This series demonstrates successful management of cancer therapy-associated uveitis with local therapy based on uveitis subtype.MethodsThis is an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective case series of patients with uveitis secondary to immunotherapy or targeted therapy managed with local treatment, and focused literature review.ResultsFive patients (median age: 54, range 31 to 75) were included. Time to uveitis onset following cancer therapy initiation was 3 to 12 months. All patients received checkpoint inhibitor therapy; one patient additionally received targeted therapy. Two patients presented with anterior uveitis, two with panuveitis and one with posterior uveitis. Four of five patients demonstrated evidence of posterior segment inflammation on multimodal imaging. Anterior uveitis was successfully treated with topical prednisolone acetate 1% (PA 1%) alone, and posterior segment involvement recalcitrant to topical PA 1% was treated successfully with topical difluprednate, intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide or a combination. Patients with isolated anterior uveitis did not require maintenance topical therapy; those with posterior and panuveitis required chronic low-dose topical therapy.ConclusionBased on our series as well as the existing literature demonstrating the use of local therapy for irAEs, we propose an approach to local therapy for cancer therapy-associated uveitis starting with topical steroids and initiating injectable steroids in cases of recalcitrant panuveitis or posterior uveitis. Subclinical inflammation on posterior segment imaging responds robustly to difluprednate or intravitreal steroid therapy, and patients with posterior segment involvement may require more aggressive management and long-term maintenance.
ProbioticL. gasseristrain (LG21) for the upper gastrointestinal tract acting through improvement of indigenous microbiota
Authors: Koga Yasuhiro , Ohtsu Toshihiro , Kimura Katsunori , Asami Yukio 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo describe probiotics including aLactobacillus gasseristrain LG21 used for the upper gastrointestinal tract, which are considered to act through improvement of indigenous microbiota inhabiting there.Background and designBecause the early definition of probiotics emphasized their effects on improving the intestinal microbial ecology, their effects on the intestinal tract and its immunity have been considered common general benefits associated with probiotics. This conclusion was also based on a body of successful clinical trials whose endpoints were the prevention or treatment of intestinal diseases. In contrast to intestinal microbiota, our understanding of the role of gastric microbiota in human health and physiology remains poor, as the bacterial load in the stomach is considered too small to exert a significant effect due to the highly acidic environment of the human stomach. Therefore, the intervention using probiotics in the stomach is still limited at present.Results:In this article using representative 38 quoted articles, we first describe the gastric microbiota, as the indigenous microbiota in the stomach is thought to be significantly involved in the pathophysiology of this organ, since probiotics exert their beneficial effects through improving the resident microbiota. We then review the present status and future prospects of probiotics for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal diseases by quoting representative published articles, including our basic and clinical data.ConclusionsProbiotics have been demonstrated to suppress Helicobacter pylori in the stomach, and are also expected to improve functional dyspepsia through the correction of dysbiotic gastric microbiota.
Should sports and exercise medicine be taught in the Swiss undergraduate medical curricula? A survey among 1764 Swiss medical students
Authors: Carrard Justin , Pandya Tej , Niederhauser Laurène , Infanger Denis , Schmidt-Trucksaess Arno , Kriemler Susi 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe global lack of sports and exercise medicine (SEM) teaching at medical schools contrasts with evidence that physical activity (PA) plays a major role in preventing and treating non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The aims of this study were to (a) examine whether Swiss medical students are expected to acquire SEM-related skills and knowledge, (b) systematically reviewed SEM teaching in the Swiss undergraduate medical curricula, (c) assess if Swiss medical students are aware of SEM and (d) whether they would like SEM to be included in their curricula.MethodsTwo authors independently screened the ‘Principal Relevant Objectives and Framework for Integrative Learning and Education in Switzerland’ (PROFILES) for SEM-related learning objectives and reviewed the curricula. 7708 Swiss medical students were invited to participate in an online survey.Results32 SEM-related learning objectives were identified in PROFILES with 20 of them linked to PA. Four of eight Swiss medical schools display limited mandatory SEM teachings. 1764 students participated in the survey (482.0% of the necessary sample size, 22.9% of all Swiss medical students). One in two students knew that SEM includes preventing and treating NCDs. Almost 95% of the participants would like SEM to be included in the curricula.ConclusionDespite its inclusion in PROFILES and comprehensive evidence that SEM should be taught at medical schools, this is scarcely the case in Switzerland. Swiss medical students have limited understanding of SEM, but are keen to have it included in the curricula. This study highlights the need for more comprehensive SEM teaching at Swiss medical schools.
Retrospective study of the use of medication and supplements during the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia
Authors: Oester Chelsea , Weber Alexis , Vaso Martin 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveExamine the intake of medication and supplements used by top-level players during the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia.Participants736 top-level playersSettingThe team doctors uploaded a list of the medications used by each player to the online reporting tool within 72 hours of each match of the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia.Outcome measuresAverage number of medications used per player per match and during the tournament; average number and percentage of players using at least one medication per match and during the tournament.Results54% of the players took at least one medication during the tournament and 39% took at least one medication before each match. The most used medications were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (38.6%), followed by other analgesics (13.8%) and medications for insomnia and anxiety (13%). On average, 0.72 medications were taken per player per match and 1.32 per player during the tournament. The mean number of medication intake per player per match was higher during the knockout stage compared with the group stage (0.88±1.36 vs 0.65±1.08, p<0.001). Players from South America and North and Central America took more medications per match compared with the players from Africa (0.9±1.14 and 0.98±1.1 vs 0.48±0.83, p<0.001 in both cases).ConclusionThe intake of NSAIDs decreased during the 2018 FIFA World Cup compared with previous FIFA World Cups, but stayed at a high level. The high number of medications taken is a cause for concern, and therefore, players, medical staff and coaches should be made more aware of the possible side effects of a high medication intake.