bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Immunoassay of Human Urokinase
Authors: Day Eugene D. , Ball Anne P. , Jeffords D , Woodard W.T , Silver D 
Published: June 2018

SummaryUrokinase with an activity of 45,200 CTA nnits/mg was used in 0.4 mg amounts with Freund’s adjuvant to immunize four individual rabbits by two injections spaced 4 weeks apart. All antisera were titrated for inhibition of urokinase activation of plasminogen, for double diffusion in Agarose, and for immunoelectrophoresis. Against constant portions of 125I-labelled IgG from each antiserum, 131I-labelled urokinase was titrated by the quantitative precipitin technique. The results from these 4 methods of titration were compared and out of them the following conclusions were drawn :1. There were 3 main immunogens in the urokinase preparations, one inactive as an activator, one with questionable activity, and one definitely and strongly active as a urokinase. The first two comprised less than 5% of the total antigen mixture; the active third component was more than 20% of the total. About 75% of the total protein was non-precipitable with antibody and was inactive as an activator. One inactive immunogen, I, was a fast β-protein in immunoelectrophoresis at pH 8.2, ionic strength 0.05: the questionably active immunogen, II, was a γ-protein; the active third component, III, was a slow β-protein whose specific activity was estimated to be 230,000 CTA units/mg protein.2. Antibodies against I and II were in considerably higher titer than the ones to III and their equivalence points were reached at much higher concentrations of added urokinase preparation. A single precipitin line instead of 3 could be obtained by the use of very dilute antisera, but the line was due to the inactive I, not the slow active β-protein, III, nor the questionably active γ-protein, II.3. All 4 antisera were 100% inhibitory of plasminogen activation activity at the equivalence point of III, but were not inhibitory at the equivalence points of I and II.4. Urokinase when added to normal human serum could be visualized as easily in double diffusion as when tested in buffer alone.
A Study of Possible Causes of Increased Fibrinolytic Activity during Exercise
Authors: Menon I. S , Burke F. D , Smith P. A , Newell D. J , Dewar H. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe prolonged effect in human volunteers of brief but moderately intense exercise in enhancing fibrinolytic activity has been used to test various parameters which might have been causatively associated with the change.HMMA, venous blood glucose, body temperature and diastolic blood pressure did not alter significantly at any time. The increase in pulse rate immediately after exercise did not correlate closely with the rise in fibrinolytic activity and disappeared much sooner.Plasma cortisol and systolic blood pressure had both fallen significantly 1 hr after exercise as compared to their preexercise levels, but there was no significant inverse relationship between these parameters and the changes in fibrinolytic activity.It is concluded that the parameters measured were unlikely to be responsible for the observed changes in fibrinolytic activity.
Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs
Authors: Mihara H , Fujii T , Okamoto S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.
Enhancement of Fibrinolysis by Venous Occlusion Results of Long-Term Thrombelastography and Activator Determination
Authors: Holzknecht F , Spöttl F , Braunsteiner H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryGlobal fibrinolysis and activator activity were investigated in venous blood before and after occlusion. Global fibrinolysis was determinated by thrombelastography with a low speed of the paper drive (longterm thrombelastography). The fibrinolysis on the thrombelastographic curves were evaluated by the slant (a°) of the inflectional tangent at the thrombelastographic branch.A considerable increase of global fibrinolytic activity and also of the activator activity after venous congestion was found. There was a slight correlation between the global fibrinolysis and the activator before occlusion and a strong correlation after congestion. There was, however, no accordance between the regression lines of the two correlations. Other factors of activation of fibrinolysis may be involved.
Fibrinolytische Aktivität in der Pfotenhaut der Ratte im Rahmen der direkten passiven Arthus-Reaktion und pharmakologisch induzierter Pfotenödeme
Authors: Denk H , Förster O 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wurde die fibrinolytische Aktivität bei der direkten passiven Arthus-Reaktion und bei einem Dextran- und Formalinödem in der Rattenpfote untersucht. Bei der direkten passiven Arthus-Reaktion zeigte sich eine Abnahme der Aktivatorwirkung der Endothe]zellen schon in sehr frühen Zeitpunkten; dies dürfte durch eine Endothelschädigung im Verlauf der Antigen-Antikörper-Reaktion bedingt sein. Dadurch wird möglicherweise die Entwicklung der für die DPA typischen Leukothromben ermöglicht. Beim Dextran- und Formalinödem fehlt die Abnahme der fibrinoly tischen Aktivität.
Intoxication with Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar) Pharmacokinetics and Side Effects
Authors: Seiler K , Duckert F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA case of severe Marcoumar intoxication is described. Eleven hours after the intake a plasma concentration of 15.75 µg/ml was found which corresponds approximately to the 5-fold therapeutic concentration. Repeated administration of vitamin K1 made it possible to avoid extreme lowering of the activity of the clotting factors II, VII and X and to prevent bleeding. Side effects were not observed. The biologic half-life of Phenprocoumon has been found to be shortened at high plasma concentration (3.7 instead of 5.9 days). It is probable that in extreme concentration the drug is less strongly bound to the plasma proteins.
Relationship between Electrical and Spontaneous Thrombosis
Authors: Brown J.C , Lavelle S.M , Sawyer P.N 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe triggering of electrical thrombosis on electrodes depends on the coagulation steps prior to factor IX activation. Factor XII may be responsible for this phenomenon. The platelet may also play a role. It has been shown that platelet deposition is visible at potentials more positive than +0.3 V versus the normal hydrogen electrode. The same compounds which inhibit intravascular thrombosis will also impair electrical thrombosis.
Gerinnungsveränderungen bei orthotoper Lebertransplantation am Hund
Authors: Böhmig H. J , Fritsch A , Kux M , Lechner G , Lechner K , Reich N , Stockinger L , Zeitelberger P 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungBei 16 Hunden wurden bei orthotopen Auto- und Homotransplantationen der Leber Gerinnungsuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Während die Anästhesie, die Präparation der Lebergefäße und Manipulationen an Leber und Lunge keine Gerinnungsveränderungen hervorriefen, kam es nach Anlegen des äußeren venösen Bypass und Entnahme der Leber zu einem Abfall von Fibrinogen, Thrombozyten, Faktor II, Faktor VIII und Antithrombin III. Diese Veränderungen werden als Ausdruck einer Verbrauchskoagulopathie angesehen. Eine leichte Fibrinolyse war gewöhnlich erst am Ende der anhepatischen Phase nachweisbar und dürfte sekundär sein. Nach Implantation der Leber war nach kurzer Latenzzeit ein Wiederanstieg der oben genannten Faktoren und der Thrombozyten zu beobachten. Die möglichen Ursachen für das Auftreten der Verbrauchsreaktion werden diskutiert.
Platelet Changes Induced by Elatericin A
Authors: Joshua H , Shohat B , Cohen I , Gitter S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryElatericin A at a concentration of 3 μg/ml causes spicule formation on platelets and inhibits spreading on glass surfaces, viscous metamorphosis and clot retraction. Elatericin A has no effect whatsoever on the activity of isolated platelet factors. However platelet factor 3-availability is decreased by elatericin A. Platelets treated with elatericin A up to a limiting concentration of 30 μg/ml regain their clot retracting activity if washed and reincubated in normal plasma.Elatericin A does not affect the ATP content nor the ATPase activity of platelets. A normal ADP-release is obtained upon addition of thrombin to elatericin A treated platelets. Addition of ATP and Mg ions does not restore the clot retracting activity of elatericin A treated platelets.
Effect of Inhibitors of Aggregation on Platelet Ultrastructure in Vitro
Authors: Mannucci P. M , Sirigu F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryElectron microscopy observations are presented on the effect of inhibitors of aggregation on platelet morphology. Moreover the relationship existing between shape changes produced by inhibitors of platelet aggregation and the mechanism of inhibition has also been studied.Among the inhibitors, nucleotides were without effect on platelet shape, so that their inhibitory action is likely to be related to competition with ADP.Marked sphering of platelets with scanty modifications of the inner structure was produced by all other agents. They are thought to be active through a damage to the membrane, which is thus made insensitive to the aggregating agents.
Inhibition of Platelet Adhesiveness and Aggregation by Benzyl Alcohol and Phenol
Authors: Zweifler A.J , Sanbar S.S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTwo amphipathic alcohols, benzyl alcohol and phenol, have been found to diminish adhesiveness of platelets to glass beads and to impair adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation, while ethanol and isopropanol, both completely water soluble, had no inhibitory effects. Comparatively, phenol is a more potent inhibitor than benzyl alcohol. It is suggested that the basis for their antiadhesive effect may be similar to that which underlies their local anesthetic properties.
A Simple Technique for the Experimental Production of Acute Platelet Deficiency
Authors: Dutton R.C , Dedrick R.L , Bulli B.S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis report describes a new simple technique for producing acute controlled thrombocytopenia by allowing platelets to adhere to activated carbon granules or glass beads during hemoperfusion of an experimental animal. The level of platelet deficiency produced may be regulated by terminating perfusion when the desired level is reached. Perfusion on consecutive days removes the newly released platelets and restores the thrombocytopenic state.
The Effect of Adenosine Phosphates on the Spreading of Normal Human Platelets
Authors: Linker H , Reuter H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe spreading of human platelets requires the presence of ADP as do other platelet functions. In the plasma of patients with a failure of release of ADP from the platelets the also decreased ability to spread can be normalized by exogenous ADP. AMP and ATP inhibit the spreading of platelets.
Die Überführung von Blutplättchen in einen thrombasthenieähnlichen Zustand mit einem 1-Styryl-3.4-Dihydroisochinolinderivat (SDHI)
Authors: Markwardt F , Barthel W , Glusa E , Hoffmann A 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Isochinolinderivat CSDHI bewirkt eine reversible Blockade der für den Ablauf der Hämostase und Thrombose wichtigsten Plättchenfunktionen. Die mit dem Hemmstoff behandelten menschlichen Plättchen verlieren ihre Fähigkeit zur Ausbreitung, Adhäsion, Aggregation und Retraktion sowie zu morphologischen und biochemischen Veränderungen, die durch Thrombin ausgelöst und unter dem Begriff der viskosen Metamorphose zusammengefaßt werden. Eine Hemmung der Gerinnung tritt nicht ein. Die Glykolyse und Atmung der Zellen werden ebenso wie die Fähigkeit zur Serotoninaufnähme nur wenig beeinflußt, dagegen wird die Plättchen-ATPase in gleicher Weise wie die durch Thrombin ausgelösten Reaktionen der Plättchen gehemmt.
Immunfluoreszenzmikrophotometrie zur quantitativen Erfassung antithrombozytärer Autoantikörper
Authors: Denk H , Fischer M , Pilgerstorfer H. W , Schnack H 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde eine Methode zur Bestimmung antithrombozytärer Antikörper mittels Immunfluoreszenz und Fhioreszenzmikrophotometrie beschrieben und an Beispielen erläutert. Es konnte eine lineare Beziehung zwischen Antikörpermenge (SerumVerdünnung) und Fluoreszenzintensität bei Anwendung der indirekten Immunfluoreszenzmethode nachgewiesen werden. Durch Bestimmung der mittleren Fluoreszenzintensität der Thrombozyten nach Inkubation mit in Stufen verdünntem Immunthrombozytopenikerserum und Vergleich der Werte mit der Basisfluoreszenz der Thrombozyten wurde ein Titer bestimmt, der jener Serumverdünnung entsprach, deren zugehöriger Thrombozytenfluoreszenzintensitätswert sich von der Basisfluoreszenz nicht mehr signifikant unterschied.
The Effect of Urea on Aggregation and Incubation Resistance of Human Platelets
Authors: Reuter H , Linker H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryInvestigations have been carried out to study the effect of urea on aggregation and incubation resistance of human platelets. Urea in high concentrations inhibits the Ca++-induced aggregation in platelet-rich EDTA-plasma while at low concentrations an increased aggregation takes place. Incubation of platelet-rich plasma at 37° C in the absence of divalent cations was performed in the presence and absence of 0.1 M urea. The temperature-induced percentage inhibition of aggregation was found to be significantly lower in the presence of urea.
Bovine Platelet Proteins
Authors: Łopaciuk S , Solum N. O 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. The protein composition of bovine platelet extracts has been investigated by immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. The information obtained is discussed as a basis for study on platelet fibrinogen.2. With antiserum to platelet proteins 11 precipitin lines were observed 3 of which corresponded electrophoretically to plasma albumin, fibrinogen and γ-globulin. These lines were not seen using the same antiserum absorbed with bovine plasma. The 8 additional lines were still present indicating that they represented specific platelet components. Antiserum to plasma produced the 3 above-mentioned lines, but no others.3. With antiserum to purified bovine plasma fibrinogen 3 precipitin lines were observed. The fibrinogen line was the dominant one. The 2 additional lines did not disappear by absorption of the antiserum with bovine serum nor by incubation of the extracts with thrombin. The latter treatment totally removed the fibrinogen line.4. A non-fibrinogen precipitin line, observed only with the antiserum to platelet extract and positioned in the β2-globulin region, disappeared by the incubation of platelet extracts with thrombin.
Bovine Platelet Proteins II. Purification of Platelet Fibrinogen
Authors: Solum N. O , Łopaciuk S 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Platelet fibrinogen has been purified from washed bovine platelets. The procedure was based on the methods for purification of plasma fibrinogen by fractionated precipitations and extractions with ethanol and glycine below 0°, and precipitation of proteins by dimethylformamide at 0°.2. The platelet extract obtained by freezing and thawing of the cells, freed from insoluble material by centrifugation at 23,000 x g for 30 min, contained 0.22 ±0.003mg fibrinogen per 109 platelets. Total protein of this fraction was 0.77 ±0.08 mg per 109 platelets whereas that of the insoluble fraction was 0.79 ±0.09 mg per 109 platelets.3. The most purified platelet fibrinogen fraction contained 91-98% of the protein in a thrombin-clottable state. The yield was approx. 20%. It showed homogeneity in analytical ultracentrifugation, in immunoelectrophoresis using an antiserum produced by immunization of rabbits against platelet extract, and in starch gel electrophoresis using a discontinuous system of Tris HCl and borate buffers offering a high resolution power towards the platelet proteins. Polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis revealed two to three faint lines behind the main fibrinogen line. At least one such line was also observed with purified plasma fibrinogen.
Bovine Platelet Proteins III. Some Properties of Platelet Fibrinogen
Authors: Solum N. O , Łopaciuk S 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Some properties of purified bovine platelet fibrinogen have been described and the data compared to those obtained by parallel analysis of purified bovine plasma fibrinogen.2. A close similarity was found between platelet and plasma fibrinogen as to sedimentation coefficients, electrophoretic mobilities in starch gel and polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis, light absorption spectra in the range 240 mμ to 330 mμ, ability to form immunoprecipitate with a rabbit antiserum against bovine plasma fibrinogen, total amino acid composition and in N-terminal amino acids.Differences between the fibrinogens were found as to intrinsic viscosity, carbohydrate content and behaviour upon clotting by thrombin. Intrinsic viscosity in 0.3 M NaCl at 25° was 0.48 dl/g for platelet fibrinogen as compared to 0.26 dl/g for plasma fibrinogen. The carbohydrate content of platelet fibrinogen was 0.56 ± 0.10% 1.56±0.10% and 1.37±0.09% for sialic acid (calculated as N-glycolyl neuraminic acid), hexose (galactose/mannose 1:2) and hexosamine (glucosamine), respectively. These values were 6, 54 and 26% higher than those found for plasma fibrinogen. The difference in clotting behaviour indicated a slower polymerization rate of the fibrin monomers formed from platelet fibrinogen than of those formed from plasma fibrinogen.
Decrease of Platelet Aggregating Activity of Soluble Human Collagen Fractions during Ageing
Authors: Bańkowski E , Niewiarowski S , Rogowski W 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman collagen fractions of different solubility were prepared from aorta and skin homogenate using a differential centrifugation technique. All fractions of collagen aggregated platelets. The specific platelet aggregating activities were calculated as minimal hydroxyproline concentrations (MHC) causing platelet aggregation. The specific platelet aggregating activity was the highest in the soluble collagen fraction of young human subjects and then it decreased considerably (500 times on the average) during ageing. The specific platelet aggregating activity of young insoluble collagen was lower but it decreased less significantly during ageing. The changes in hexoses and hexosamines content of various collagen fractions did not appear to be relevant as regards platelet aggregating activity. It has been postulated that the masking of free amino groups in aged collagen following cross-links formation may be responsible, at least in part, for the loss of platelet aggregating activity of this protein.
Platelet Surface Charge and Aggregation Effects of Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Gröttum K. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effect on platelet surface charge by adding the polybases : Dextran-DEAE and Polybrene and the polyacids : Dextran sulphate, heparin and bovine platelet fibrinogen to platelet-rich plasma was studied by platelet electrophoresis. In small concentrations all the reagents decreased the electrophoretic mobility of platelets, but not that of erythrocytes, suggesting that the polymeric agents were specifically adsorbed to the platelets and thereby reducing their negative surface charge. When the reagents reduced the electrophoretic mobility of the platelets to 85% of normal, platelet aggregation was induced. This effect was probably not mediated through release of ADP, as the presence of ADPase did not modify the effect. The influence of polybases was not inhibited by EDTA. The effect of Dextran sulphate was inhibited by EDTA and increased by small amounts of calcium ions. Increasing concentrations of Dextran sulphate and heparin increased the electrophoretic mobility of platelets, but did not aggregate the platelets. The results suggest that a decrease in the platelet electrostatic potential is essential in platelet aggregation.
Platelet Phospholipids and Stypven Clotting Time
Authors: Hovmand L. L , Brøns K , Gormsen J 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Phospholipids in the thrombocytes were studied in 16 healthy individuals, 18 patients with hepatic cirrhosis and 11 patients suffering from a variety of illnesses which are generally considered to be connected with thrombocytopathy.2. In patients with hepatic cirrhosis the total amount of phospholipids was significantly lower: 8 (µg ± 2 µg lipid P per 109 platelets compared to 12 (µg ± 2 (µg lipid P per 109 platelets in healthy individuals.3. The percentage composition of the phospholipids was the same for healthy individuals as for the diseased persons.4. Decrease in platelet factor 3 activity as estimated by a modified stypven clotting time has been demonstrated using the thrombocytes from the patients suffering from hepatic cirrhosis whereas the activity was normal in uremic patients tested. The decreased clotting activity might partly be due to the reduced total amount of phospholipids. Surface active agents exert a much more profound reduction in clotting activity of phospholipids. It is concluded, that surface charge of phosphatide micelles determines their clotting activity more than concentration of all or a single phospholipid.
Hämolytisch-hämorrhagischer Transfusionszwischenfall mit Koagulopathie infolge inkompletter Blutgruppen-Antikörper
Authors: Kluge A , Krah E , Schimpf KL 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird über einen akuten hämolytisch-hämorrhagischen Transfusionszwischenfall berichtet, der zu einer Koagulopathie führte. Bei den wenigen Berichten über hämorrhagische Transfusionszwischenfälle in der Literatur, bei denen Gerinnungsanalysen vorgelegt wurden, handelte es sich fast ausschließlich um eine intravasale Hämolyse von A- oder B-Erythrozyten durch die unverträglichen regulären (Iso-)Antikörper des Empfängers als Verwechslungsfolge. Bei dem hier geschilderten und gerinnungsanalytisch untersuchten Fall war die postoperative hämolytische Transfusionsreaktion durch irreguläre inkomplette Antikörper verursacht worden und ging mit einer Koagulopathie einher. Diese irregulären inkompletten Antikörper hatten ihrer Natur nach nicht zu einer sofortigen intravasalen Hämolyse, sondern zu einer protrahierten, im retikuloendothelialen System ablaufenden Erythrozytenzerstörung geführt. Die Besonderheit einer Freisetzungsreaktion von gerinnungsaktiven Substanzen durch Immunreaktion und nachfolgende intralienale Erythrozytensequestration wird betont. Es bestand das voll ausgeprägte Krankheitsbild mit lebensbedrohlicher hämorrhagischer Dia these, hochgradiger Blutungsanämie, akutem Mer enver sagen und den charakteristischen Hämolysezeichen, jedoch normalem Komplementgehalt.