bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term results of patients with neural tube defects followed‐up in the Konya region, Turkey
Authors: Yorulmaz Alaaddin , Konak Murat 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundAdditional congenital anomalies have often been found in patients with neural tube defect (NTD). We aimed to find out the clinical features, short term prognosis, treatment approaches, and systemic anomalies of NTD patients in the Konya region.MethodA total of 186 newborn babies with NTD were retrospectively included in the study and all were assessed in detail for congenital anomalies and clinical features.ResultsWhen the application month of the patients was examined, it was seen that the most frequent month was July. Of 186 babies, 101(54.3%) had meningomyelocele, 53 (28.5%) had meningocele, 13 (7.0%) had encephalocele, 16 (8.6%) had spina bifida occulta, and 4 (2.1%) had anencephaly. Of these patients, 97 (52.2%) were male and 89 (47.8%) were female. Hydrocephalus was an almost constant finding and was found in 140 (75.3%) patients. 51 (27.4%) patients had congenital heart disease (CHD). The most common CHD was atrial septal defect 22.3%. Orthopedic anomaly was detected in 51 (27.4%) patients, nephrological anomaly was found in 47 (25.3%) of the cases, congenital hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 14 (7.5%) patients with NTD. The mortality rate of patients diagnosed with NTD was 7.5%. The rates of premature delivery and consanguinity between parents were higher in patients with NTD.ConclusionsOur results indicate that at least one congenital anomaly is also present in about two‐thirds of newborn babies with NTD, and these anomalies significantly increase their morbidity and mortality. All newborn babies with NTD should be screened for additional congenital anomalies and evaluated with more organized, multidisciplinary methods.
CRISPR–Cas‐Mediated Chemical Control of Transcriptional Dynamics in Yeast
Authors: Cunningham‐Bryant Daniel , Sun Jingwen , Fernandez Brianna , Zalatan Jesse G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSynthetic CRISPR–Cas transcription factors enable the construction of complex gene‐expression programs, and chemically inducible systems allow precise control over the expression dynamics. To provide additional modes of regulatory control, we have constructed a chemically inducible CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) system in yeast that is mediated by recruitment to MS2‐functionalized guide RNAs. We use reporter gene assays to systematically map the dose dependence, time dependence, and reversibility of the system. Because the recruitment function is encoded at the level of the guide RNA, it is straightforward to target multiple genes and independently regulate expression dynamics at individual targets. This approach provides a new method to engineer sophisticated, multigene programs with precise control over the dynamics of gene expression.
Revealing the Unusual Rigid Boron Chain Substructure in Hard and Superconductive Tantalum Monoboride
Authors: Ma Shuailing , Bao Kuo , Tao Qiang , Li Li , Huang Yanping , Huang Xiaoli , Zhao Yongsheng , Xu Chunhong , Zhu Pinwen , Cui Tian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPoor electrical conductivity severely limits the diverse applications of high hardness materials in situations where electrical conductivities are highly desired. A “covalent metal” TaB with metallic electrical conductivity and high hardness has been fabricated by a high pressure and high temperature method. The bulk modulus, 302.0(4.9) GPa, and Vickers hardness, 21.3 GPa, approaches and even exceeds that of traditional insulating hard materials. Meanwhile, temperature‐dependent electrical resistivity measurements show that TaB possesses metallic conductivity that rivals some widely‐used conductors, and it will transform into a superconductor at Tc=7.8 K. Contrary to common understanding, the hardness of TaB is higher than that of TaB2, which indicates that low boron concentration borides could be mechanically better than the higher boron concentration counterparts. Compression behavior and first principles calculations denote that the high hardness is associated with the ultra‐rigid covalent boron chain substructure. The hardness of TaB with different topologies of boron substructure shows that besides incorporating higher boron content, manipulating light element backbone configurations is also critical for higher hardness amongst transition metal borides with identical boron content.
Soil warming affects sap flow responses to meteorological conditions for Betula albosinensis at a subalpine wetland in the edge of northeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Yan Chunhua , Takeuchi Shinichi , Qiu Guo Yu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTranspiration in cold‐limited areas is restricted by low soil temperature. However, little is known about the influence of soil warming on tree transpiration under a water logged and cold soil conditions. We aimed to test the hypothesis that an increase in soil temperature in the absence of water stress will lead to increased sap flow of red birch (Betula albosinensis) in a subalpine wetland. Sap flow and relevant environmental data were measured for B. albosinensis in a subalpine wetland in the edge of northeast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from 2013 to 2016. The cooling and controlling experiments were also conducted in the lab from June to July in 2017. The results showed that meteorological parameters, as well as soil temperature, are important limiting factors for tree transpiration. It was governed by meteorological factors throughout the growing season, whereas we only found a significant increase of sap flow upon soil warming in the mid‐growing season, which may be attributed to warm‐induced hydraulic conductivity. In the early growing season, no warming effect was observed on sap flow. We then concluded that whole‐tree water use may increase with increasing soil temperature and similar precipitation and thus alter the local water balance. These results are essential to understand the response of hydrological processes to future climate warming.
Indicators for assessing tropical alpine rehabilitation practices
Authors: Duchicela Sisimac A. , Cuesta Francisco , Pinto Esteban , Gosling William D. , Young Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of indicators for rehabilitation practices in high mountain landscapes that were aimed at increasing grassland palatability and biomass accumulation. Focusing on the department of Huancavelica in Peru, the importance of rehabilitation practiced in this area involves the relationship of alpaca pastoralists and their need to produce wool. Overgrazing in this area has decreased the carrying capacity of the system, which may be problematic for continuing their present levels of grazing. Therefore, rehabilitation practices, including herbivory exclusion, exclusion with added irrigation, and exclusion with water collecting ditches, were installed to increase vegetation biomass and palatability of the vegetation. The effects of the rehabilitation practices were assessed using six indicators: vegetation coverage, species richness, Shannon‐Weiner Diversity Index, below and aboveground biomass, and soil organic matter, which were analyzed using mixed‐effects models. The indicators show that some practices, such as exclusion and ditches, are positively affecting vegetation coverage while negatively affecting species richness. Additionally, biomass showed lower accumulation in areas not excluded from grazing. Therefore, although some of the treatments were initiated as recently as 2013, we can already observe changes in the indicators involving vegetation composition and structure. In the long term, these indicators may allow us to fully understand the effect of the rehabilitation practices on maintaining the carrying capacity of the system. Furthermore, the general approach should be widely applicable in other utilized landscapes.
Sinapic Acid and its Derivatives Increase Oxidative Stability in Different Model Lipid Systems
Authors: Martinović Neda , Poklar Ulrih Nataša , Abramovič Helena 
Published: February 2019

Sinapic acid and its derivatives syringic acid, syringaldehyde, three sinapoyl esters (ethyl, propyl, butyl sinapates), 4‐vinylsyringol, and sinapine are investigated for anti‐radical activity in relation to different free radical species, reaction environments and model systems, and with special emphasis on lipid peroxidation in different lipid systems: as an emulsion, bulk oil, oleogel and liposome suspension. Syringic acid and sinapic acid show the highest DPPH• and O2•− scavenging activities, whereas for the •OH‐scavenging the highest activities are for ethyl sinapate, propyl sinapate, and sinapine. While sinapic acid esters have the highest activities in the emulsion and liposome suspension, in bulk oil, the more polar sinapic acid, syringic acid, and syringaldehyde show the greatest inhibition of lipid peroxidation. In oleogel‐based system a noted increase in the activity of less polar compounds, especially 4‐vinylsyringol and butyl sinapate is recorded, while the level of inhibition for the more polar sinapic acid, syringic acid, and syringaldehyde remain unchanged, compared to the bulk oil. In oleogel the potential interactions of these less polar compounds with the oil structuring agent might be an additional factor that influences their inhibitory actions.Practical Applications: This study examines the potential for the application of sinapic acid and its derivatives for inhibition of lipid peroxidation, using different lipid systems as models for real food matrices. The study shows how modifications to the naturally occurring compound sinapic acid can affect its activity, and which of these modifications would be appropriate for each lipid system. It is also shown that contrary to the polar paradox, the influence of lipophilic antioxidants on the oxidative stability of oleogel‐based products might be due to their interactions with the oleogelation agents, which will thus further stabilize the oleogels. In addition to their antioxidant actions, this would open new possibilities for the application of lipophilic antioxidants to oil‐based products.While sinapic acid esters [ethyl sinapate (SE), propyl sinapate (SP), butyl sinapate (SB)] have the highest activities in the emulsion and liposome suspension, in bulk oil, the more polar sinapic acid (SA), syringic acid (SY), and syringaldehyde (SYA) show the greatest inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The increase in lipophilicity in sinapic acid by esterification and decarboxylation [4‐vinylsyringol (VS)] results in increased antioxidant activity in oleogel, compared to bulk oil, which is contradictory to polar paradox. This indicates interference in the oil structuring by the more lipophilic compounds.
Stabilization of Fish Oil‐Loaded Electrosprayed Capsules with Seaweed and Commercial Natural Antioxidants: Effect on the Oxidative Stability of Capsule‐Enriched Mayonnaise
Authors: Hermund Ditte , Jacobsen Charlotte , Chronakis Ioannis S. , Pelayo Andres , Yu Sen , Busolo María , Lagaron Jose M. , Jónsdóttir Rosa , Kristinsson Hordur G. , Akoh Casimir C. , García‐Moreno Pedro J. 
Published: February 2019

This study investigates the stabilization of fish oil‐loaded electrosprayed capsules with different natural antioxidants: i) an ethanol extract from the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus; or ii) a combination of δ‐tocopherol and rosemary extract. The seaweed extract enhances the oxidative stability of fish oil‐loaded capsules with dextran as the main biopolymer wall material, but shows a prooxidant effect in fish oil‐loaded capsules having glucose syrup as the main biopolymer. These results can mainly be explained by the higher encapsulation efficiency of dextran capsules when compared to glucose capsules (90 vs. 83–85%), which prevents interaction of metal ions present in the extract with non‐encapsulated oil. On the contrary, the addition of a lipophilic radical scavenger such as δ‐tocopherol in combination with synergistic antioxidants such as carnosic acid and carnosol present in rosemary extract improves the oxidative stability of glucose syrup capsules during 21 day storage, but not when the capsules are added to mayonnaise. Moreover, the capsule‐containing mayonnaise presents a larger droplet size and higher apparent viscosity than mayonnaise enriched with neat fish oil. Both findings indicate that the structure of capsules may have been lost when added to a water‐based food matrix (e.g., mayonnaise) and this requires further investigation.Practical Applications: Novel omega‐3 delivery systems that are more easily dispersed and still maintain their oxidative stability are needed by the food industry. Electrosprayed capsules with a reduced size when compared to spray‐dried capsules, and which are produced without the need of heat for drying emulsions are promising omega‐3 powdered encapsulates. Moreover, the addition of natural antioxidants, commonly used by the industry to further stabilize omega‐3 encapsulates, deserves scientific attention. This study reveals the effect of seaweed antioxidants (e.g., phlorotannins) and commercial natural antioxidants (e.g., δ‐tocopherol and rosemary extract) on the oxidative stability of electrosprayed capsules loaded with fish oil. In addition, the effect of adding the capsules to a food matrix such as mayonnaise has been investigated. Although further development is necessary, these results will open up new strategies to enrich food products with omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.Fish oil‐loaded electrosprayed capsules stabilized with antioxidants. This study investigates the stabilization of fish oil‐loaded electrosprayed capsules with different natural antioxidants: i) an ethanol extract from the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus; or ii) a combination of δ‐tocopherol and rosemary extract.
Assessment of the Suitability of Pitanga Leaf Extract as a Natural Antioxidant for Enhancing Canola Oil Stability: Monitoring Lipid Oxidation Parameters
Authors: Vargas Flávia C. , Gómez Belen , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin , Strozzi Isabella , Gavahian Mohsen , Barba Francisco J. , Sobral Paulo José do Amaral , Lorenzo Jose M. 
Published: February 2019

The efficiency of pitanga leaf extracts (PLE) to protecting vegetable oils against lipid oxidation is evaluated and compared with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In addition, the main phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of PLE are determined by UPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS and spectrophotometric methods. Moreover, the fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation of canola oil containing five different concentrations of PLE (200–1000 ppm), BHT or without added antioxidant are evaluated after being subjected to accelerated oxidation conditions (60 °C during 16 days). The results show a considerable amount of phenols (229.4 mg gallic acid/g extract) with two major phenolic compounds (miricitrin and quercetin 3‐α‐fucopiranoside) in the PLE intermediate fraction. The fatty acid composition of canola oils with additives did not change significantly after 16 day of accelerated oxidation (7.3% SFA, 64.5% MUFA, and 27.8% PUFA). The incorporation of PLE, even at the minimum concentration assayed (200 ppm), offers important decreases of primary and secondary oxidation products with respect to the control sample, obtaining reduction percentages of 74, 58, 62, and 61% for peroxides, conjugated dienes, p‐anisidine, and TBARS values, respectively. A similar stability for canola oil is observed with BHT at equivalent concentrations, enhancing the inhibitory effects against lipid oxidation in different oxidations steps.Practical Applications: The incorporation of pitanga leaf extracts to canola oils is a promising strategy to preserve their polyunsaturated fatty acids, avoiding their lipid oxidation during storage. This procedure is of great interest due to the natural origin of the additive under study versus synthetic antioxidants like butylated hydroxytoluene.The antioxidant potential of pitanga leaf extracts, including UPLC‐DAD‐MS/MS phenolic profile, antioxidant activities, and their effects on canola oil stability after accelerated storage conditions, are evaluated.
Cyclodextrin‐mediated capillary electrophoresis enantioseparation of dansylated β‐amino acids with bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane and cyclopenta[d][1,2]oxazole core structures
Authors: Harnisch Henrik , Ilisz István , Fülöp Ferenc , Szakonyi Zsolt , Kiss Lóránd , Péter Antal , Scriba Gerhard K. E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated the separation of bicyclic β‐amino acids with bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane and cyclopenta[d][1,2]oxazole core structures by capillary electrophoresis using native cyclodextrins as well as neutral and charged derivatives as chiral selectors. The amino acids were derivatized with dansyl chloride to provide a UV chromophore. Separations were carried out at 20°C in a 48.5/40 cm, 50 µm fused‐silica capillary at an applied voltage of 20 kV. Fifty millimolar sodium phosphate background electrolytes pH 2.5 and 7.2 containing either 5 or 30 mg/mL of the CDs were used. For the majority of the investigated CDs, enantioseparations could only be achieved at pH 2.5 when the analytes are positively charged. Successful enantioseparations as negatively charged analytes at pH 7.2 were only observed for few compounds. In the case of methyl‐γ‐cyclodextrin, opposite enantiomer migration order was observed in pH 2.5 or 7.2 background electrolytes. Dependence of the enantiomer migration order on the size of the cavity of the cyclodextrins was also found. Furthermore, the degree of methylation of β‐cyclodextrin derivatives affected the migration order of several analyte enantiomers.
Exceptional rates and mechanisms of muddy shoreline retreat following mangrove removal
Authors: Brunier Guillaume , Anthony Edward J. , Gratiot Nicolas , Gardel Antoine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProbably the largest regular shoreline fluctuations on Earth occur along the 1500 km‐long wave‐exposed Guianas coast of South America between the mouths of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers, the world's longest muddy coast. The Guianas coast is influenced by a succession of mud banks migrating northwestward from the Amazon. Migrating mud banks dissipate waves, partially weld onshore, and lead to coastal progradation, aided by large‐scale colonization by mangroves, whereas mangrove‐colonized areas between banks (inter‐bank areas) are exposed to strong wave action and undergo erosion. On large tracts of this coast, urbanization and farming have led to fragmentation and removal of mangroves, resulting in aggravated shoreline retreat. To highlight this situation, we determined, in a setting where mangroves and backshore freshwater marshes have been converted into rice polders in French Guiana, shoreline change over 38 years (1976‐2014) from satellite images and aerial orthophotographs. We also conducted four field experiments between October 2013 and October 2014, comprising topographic and hydrodynamic measurements, to determine mechanisms of retreat. The polder showed persistent retreat, at peak rates of up to ‐200 m/yr, and no recovery over the 38‐year period of monitored change. Notwithstanding high erosion rates, mangrove shorelines show strong resilience, with recovery characterized by massive accretion. Retreat of the polder results in a steep wave‐reworked shoreface with a lowered capacity for bank welding onshore and mangrove establishment. Persistent polder erosion is accompanied by the formation of a sandy chenier that retreats landwards at rates largely exceeding those in inter‐bank situations. These results show that anthropogenic mangrove removal can durably modify the morphodynamics of muddy shorefaces. This limits the capacity for shoreline recovery and mangrove re‐establishment even when there is no sustained long‐term deficit in mud supply, as in the case of the Amazon‐influenced Guianas coast. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Effect of Humidity Level of H2 on Cell Performance of a HT‐PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhou F. , Singdeo D. , Kær S. Knudsen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HT‐PEM) fuel cell is often integrated with a light fossil fuel reformer to improve the fuel flexibility. Although the operation of HT‐PEM fuel cell does not rely on the humidification of the inlet gas, water vapor is found in the reformate gas which is fed to the HT‐PEM fuel cell. In this work, the influence of water content in the H2 to the cell performance of a HT‐PEM fuel cell is studied under different operating temperatures. Under lower operating temperature of 140 °C, the HT‐PEM fuel cell shows the best performance with low water content in the H2. With increasing water content, the cell performance decreases. Under the operating temperature of 160 °C, the best cell performance is achieved with an intermediate water content in the H2. While under high operating temperature of 180 °C, the cell performance shows an increasing trend with the increase in the water content. By measuring the impedance spectra of the HT‐PEM fuel cell, the reasons for the different influence of anode humidification in cell performance at different operating temperatures were investigated.
Multicenter retrospective study of the prognosis and treatment outcomes of Japanese oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with level IV/V metastasis
Authors: Hasegawa Takumi , Yanamoto Souichi , Otsuru Mitsunobu , Kakei Yasumasa , Okura Masaya , Yamakawa Nobuhiro , Yamada Shin‐Ichi , Ota Yoshihide , Umeda Masahiro , Kirita Tadaaki , Kurita Hiroshi , Ueda Michihiro , Komori Takahide ,   the Japan Oral Oncology Group (JOOG)
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to retrospectively describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and level IV/V metastasis and to compare patients who underwent no postoperative therapy with those who underwent postoperative radiotherapy (RT) and concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).MethodsWe evaluated 669 patients. Clinicopathological data, postoperative therapy, and clinical course were investigated.ResultsSixty‐one patients (9.1%) developed level IV/V metastasis. The 3‐year cumulative overall survival rates of patients with and without level IV/V metastasis were 47.3% and 64.3%, respectively. Tongue tumors, pN2 or N3 classification, and moderate or poor differentiation were significantly associated with the development of level IV/V metastasis. The surgery+RT/CCRT group was associated with better 3‐year cumulative disease‐specific survival and overall survival rates than the surgery only group.ConclusionAdjuvant therapy (RT alone or CCRT) after surgery is recommended for patients with level IV/V metastasis.