bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International and local NGO supply chain collaboration
Authors: Adem Samar Al , Childerhouse Paul , Egbelakin Temitope , Wang Bill 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the key drivers and challenges to supply chain collaboration in the humanitarian sector; to appraise the relationships between international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and local non-governmental organizations (LNGOs) during disaster relief; and to explore the humanitarian context in regard to supply chain collaboration.Design/methodology/approachLiterature from both the commercial and humanitarian sectors is discussed in the context of vertical partnerships. A Jordanian study spanning a network of 26 international and LNGOs is explored via semi-structured interviews.FindingsThe research provides valuable insights on the challenges facing LNGOs and INGOs when developing partnerships. Contextual factors, including host governmental policies and the social-economic setting of a disaster directly affect the motivations for supply chain collaboration between LNGOs and INGOs.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is built on interviewees with 30 humanitarian professionals working in one country during an extended crisis. The majority of the empirical data are only from one actor’s perspective, thus further research into dyadic and network relationships is required. Approaches to addressing the diverse cultural and decision-making perspectives of LNGOs and INGOs warrant further investigation.Practical implicationsRecognizing the motives and challenges to vertical partnerships between LNGOs and INGOs will assist the managers, both at the strategic and operational levels, to find solutions and evolve strategies to build effective partnerships. Compromise and consideration for partner’s drivers and cultural views are essential for effective joint humanitarian relief initiatives.Originality/valueThis paper extends supply chain collaboration to a humanitarian context. Overcoming the challenges facing collaborative efforts and complementary nature of the drivers provide a means to achieve effective partnerships. Despite the uniqueness of the humanitarian context, such as the secondary nature of cost and dynamic demand, the core principles of collaboration still hold.
Examining intention of digital piracy: an integration of social norms and ethical ideologies
Authors: Park Namkee , Kang Naewon , Oh Hyun Sook 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the applicability of ethical ideologies reflected by two dimensions of moral idealism and relativism, together with social norms, to the context of digital piracy.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used data from a survey of college students and conducted a series of hierarchical regression analyses.

Findings
This study found that digital piracy intention was dissimilar among four different ethical groups. Injunctive norm was a critical factor that affected internet users’ intention of digital piracy, yet it was valid only for situationists and absolutists. For subjectivists and exceptionists, individual differences represented by ego-involvement and past experience of digital piracy played a more critical role than social norms in explaining digital piracy intention.

Originality/value
This study is the first attempt to apply the dimensions of moral idealism and relativism to the context of digital piracy. Thus, it suggests that more tailored approaches are recommended to reduce digital piracy for internet users’ varied ethical ideologies.
Mobility as a service: a new model for sustainable mobility in tourism
Authors: Signorile Pierdomenico , Larosa Vincenzo , Spiru Ada 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Developing sustainable mobility can add value to the travel and tourism experience in alpine areas and can become a challenge for destinations in terms of interests, goals, skills and values involving both public and private subjects. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is a new model for delivering sustainable transport services that in recent experiences seem to be an alternative to the use of owned cars by allowing the personalized use of a bundle of public and private transport means. This paper aims to identify the positive aspects in the two main Alpine regions affected by tourism demand coming mainly from Lombardy by implementing a mobility model inspired by Maas in the Lombardy capital.

Design/methodology/approach
The tourism demand of the Autonomous Province of Trento and the Aosta Valley Region is thus analyzed using descriptive statistics on tourist flows and mobility characteristics.

Findings
Technology and propensity to change are the determining factors to move from traditional to innovative mobility systems.

Originality/value
This work, by considering the recent studies on MaaS models, limited to sustainable urban mobility models, extends the MaaS approach to the key concepts of “sustainable mobility” and “sustainable tourism” by analyzing the tourist flow, which from Lombardy invest the main alpine regions.
Genomics‐driven discovery of a novel self‐resistance mechanism in the echinocandin‐producing fungus Pezicula radicicola
Authors: Yue Qun , Li Yan , Chen Li , Zhang Xiaoling , Liu Xingzhong , An Zhiqiang , Bills Gerald F 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe echinocandins are antifungal lipopeptides targeting fungi via noncompetitive inhibition of the β‐1,3‐d‐glucan synthase FKS1 subunit. A novel echinocandin resistance mechanism involving an auxiliary copy of FKS1 in echinocandin‐producing fungus Pezicula radicicola NRRL 12192 was discovered. We sequenced the genome of NRRL 12192 and predicted two FKS1‐encoding genes (prfks1n and prfks1a), rather than a single FKS1 gene typical of filamentous ascomycetes. The prfks1a gene sits immediately adjacent to an echinocandin (sporiofungin) gene cluster, which was confirmed by disruption of prnrps4 and abolishment of sporiofungin production. Disruption of prfks1a dramatically increased the strain's sensitivity to exogenous echinocandins. In the absence of echinocandins, transcription levels of prfks1a relative to β‐tubulin in the wild type and in Δprnrps4 stains were similar. Moreover, prfks1a is consistently transcribed at low levels and is upregulated in the presence of exogenous echinocandin, but not during growth conditions promoting endogenous production of sporiofungin. Therefore, we conclude that prfks1a is primarily responsible for protecting the fungus against extracellular echinocandin toxicity. The presence of unclustered auxiliary copies of FKS1 with high similarity to prfks1a in two other echinocandin‐producing strains suggests that this previously unrecognized resistance mechanism may be common in echinocandin‐producing fungi of the family Dermataceae of the class Leotiomycetes.
Single cell observations show persister cells wake based on ribosome content
Authors: Kim Jun‐Seob , Yamasaki Ryota , Song Sooyeon , Zhang Weiwei , Wood Thomas K. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySince persister cells survive antibiotic treatments through dormancy and resuscitate to reconstitute infections, it is imperative to determine the rate at which these cells revive. Using two sets of Escherichia coli persister cells, those arising after antibiotic treatment at low levels and those generated at high levels by ceasing transcription via rifampicin pretreatment (shown to be bona fide persisters through eight sets of experiments), we used microscopy of single cells to determine that the resuscitation of dormant persisters is heterogeneous and includes cells that grow immediately. In all, five phenotypes were found during the observation of persister cells when fresh nutrients were added: (i) immediate division, (ii) immediate elongation followed by division, (iii) immediate elongation but no division, (iv) delayed elongation/division and (v) no growth. In addition, once cell division begins, the growth rate is that of exponential cells. Critically, the greater the ribosome content, the faster the persister cells resuscitate.
A Review and Conceptual Model of Factors Correlated with Postmortem Root Band Formation
Authors: Donfack Joseph , Castillo Hilda S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt is generally accepted within the forensic trace evidence community that a postmortem root band (PMRB) can appear in the root of hairs attached to remains during decomposition. Presently, the specific sequences of events and/or exact molecular signals that lead to the formation of a PMRB are not well understood. The published literature addressing the abiotic and biotic factors that correlate with the formation of PMRBs is reviewed and a conceptual model for the formation of PMRBs is proposed.
“EXPERIENCE OF THE EXPECTED?” RACE AND ETHNICITY DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS OF POLICE CONTACT ON YOUTH*
Authors: SLOCUM LEE ANN , WILEY STEPHANIE ANN 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProponents of police reform have called for changes in the way police interact with citizens, particularly with people of color. The rationale, in part, is that when people have more favorable perceptions of their police encounters, they view the police as more just and are more willing to cooperate and comply with the law. To assess whether perceptions of police‐initiated encounters shape law‐related outcomes, we examine how satisfaction with treatment during prior police contact affects procedural injustice, reporting intentions, norms supporting the use of violence, and delinquency. We also explore whether these relationships vary among Blacks, Whites, and Latinos. Our results indicate that youth who have been stopped or arrested fare worse than their counterparts with no police‐initiated contact; however, the potentially negative ramifications of these encounters on all outcomes except violence norms are generally mitigated when youth are satisfied with their treatment. The effects of contact are mostly invariant across racial/ethnic groups when a robust set of control variables are included. We conclude that changing the perceptions of youth regarding how they are treated by the police may mitigate some of the harms of being stopped or arrested, but we caution that these perceptions are shaped by factors aside from police behavior during encounters.
Microwave ablation for lung cancer patients with a single lung: Clinical evaluation of 11 cases
Authors: Yang Xia , Ye Xin , Zhang Licheng , Geng Dianzhong , Du Zhenli , Yu Guohua , Ren Haipeng , Wang Jiao , Huang Guanghui , Wei Zhigang , Ni Yang , Li Wenhong , Han Xiaoying 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe study was conducted to retrospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of computed tomography (CT)‐guided percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for peripheral non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 11 patients with a single lung after pneumonectomy.MethodsFrom May 2011 to March 2015, 11 single‐lung patients (8 men and 3 women; mean age 60.3 years, range 46–71) with peripheral NSCLC underwent 12 sessions of MWA. Eleven tumors measuring 13–52 mm (mean 30.2 mm) were treated. Follow‐up was performed via CT scan at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after the procedure and annually thereafter. Clinical outcomes were evaluated and complications after MWA were summarized.ResultsAt a median follow‐up period of 20 months (range 6–38), four patients showed evidence of local recurrence at a rate of 36.4% (4/11). Median overall survival was 20 months. The overall survival rates at one, two, and three years after MWA were 88.7%, 63.6%, and 42.3%, respectively. Complications after MWA included pneumothorax (33.3%), hemoptysis (33.3%), intrapulmonary bleeding (25%), pleural effusion (16.7%), and pulmonary infection (8.3%). None of the patients died during the procedure or in the 30 days after MWA.ConclusionCT‐guided percutaneous MWA is safe and effective for the treatment of peripheral NSCLC in patients with a single lung after prior pneumonectomy.
Pre‐operative anaemia, intra‐operative hepcidin concentration and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Karkouti K. , Yip P. , Chan C. , Chawla L. , Rao V. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAcute kidney after cardiac surgery is more common in anaemic patients, whereas haemolysis during cardiopulmonary bypass may lead to iron‐induced renal injury. Hepcidin promotes iron sequestration by macrophages: hepcidin concentration is reduced by anaemia and increased by inflammation. We analysed the associations in 525 patients between pre‐operative anaemia (haemoglobin < 130 g.l−1 in men and < 120 g.l−1 in women), intra‐operative hepcidin concentration and acute kidney injury (dialysis or > 26.4 μmol.l−1 or > 50% creatinine increase during the first two days after cardiac surgery. Rates of pre‐operative anaemia and postoperative kidney injury were 109/525 (21%) and 36/525 (7%), respectively. The median (IQR [range]) intra‐operative hepcidin concentration was 20 (10–33 [0–125]) μg.l−1 and was lower in anaemic patients than those who were not: 15 (4–28 [0–125]) μg.l−1 vs. 21 (12–33 [0–125]) μg.l−1, respectively, p = 0.002. Four variables were independently associated with postoperative kidney injury, for which the beta‐coefficients (SE) were: minutes on cardiopulmonary bypass, 0.016 (0.004), p < 0.001; intra‐operative hepcidin concentration, 0.032 (0.008), p < 0.001; pre‐operative anaemia, 1.97 (0.56), p < 0.001; and Cleveland clinic risk score, 0.88 (0.35), p = 0.005. Contrary to generally increased rates of kidney injury in patients with higher hepcidin concentrations, rates of kidney injury in anaemic patients were lower in patients with higher hepcidin concentrations, beta‐coefficient (SE) −0.037 (0.01), p = 0.007. In cardiac surgical patients the rate of postoperative acute kidney injury predicted by the Cleveland risk score might be adjusted for pre‐operative anaemia and intra‐operative cardiopulmonary bypass time and hepcidin concentration. Pre‐operative correction of anaemia, reduction in intra‐operative bypass time and modification of iron homeostasis and hepcidin concentration might reduce acute kidney injury.
Nigerian sleep study found that children slept less and had more problems than children in other countries
Authors: Senbanjo Idowu O. , Salisu Mohammed A. , Oshikoya Kazeem A. , Adediji Uchechukwu O. , Akinola Ayodeji O. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimWe studied sleep patterns, sleep problems and associated socio‐demographic factors among children aged one year to 12 years in Lagos, Nigeria.MethodsThis prospective hospital‐based study involved 432 children (55% males) who came for routine paediatric care at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. Information on socio‐demographics, sleeping patterns and specific sleep disorders was obtained.ResultsThe mean age of the subjects was 5.4 ± 3.3 years. Night sleep duration decreased significantly with age from 9.6 ± 1.3 hours at one to four years to 8.7 ± 1.0 hours at nine years to 12 years (p < 0.001). There was no significant gender difference in bedtimes (p = 0.057), rise times (p = 0.095) and night sleep duration (p = 0.191). Most (70%) napped during the day, and 26% of these did so on a regular basis. The most common sleep problems were enuresis (42%), afraid of sleeping alone (38%), snoring (28%) and sleep talking (24%). There was no significant association between sleep duration (p > 0.05), sleep problems (p > 0.05) and socio‐demographic characteristics. Comparisons with other studies showed that the children had shorter sleep duration than peers in other countries and regions and a higher prevalence of sleep disorders.ConclusionChildren in Nigeria had shorter sleep duration and more sleep problems than children in other international studies.
THE FUNDAMENTAL CONTRADICTION OF CAPITALISM REVISITED
Authors: Gómez Marcos , Parro Francisco 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTWe build an overlapping generations model to analyse the evolution of inequality as an economy develops. Our model economy resembles a ‘very capitalist society’. Initially, wealth is exclusively concentrated in a rich dynasty. We ask whether or not this type of capitalist economy contains a fundamental contradiction, as claimed by Piketty in his recent book. We derive a condition under which the economy is driven to a state of perpetual inequality. However, we also show that an economy where capital deepening triggers the development process is very unlikely to be absorbed in that state.
Fracture strength of zirconia implant abutments on narrow diameter implants with internal and external implant abutment connections: A study on the titanium resin base concept
Authors: Sailer Irena , Asgeirsson Asgeir G. , Thoma Daniel S. , Fehmer Vincent , Aspelund Thor , Özcan Mutlu , Pjetursson Bjarni E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited knowledge regarding the strength of zirconia abutments with internal and external implant abutment connections and zirconia abutments supported by a titanium resin base (Variobase, Straumann) for narrow diameter implants.ObjectivesTo compare the fracture strength of narrow diameter abutments with different types of implant abutment connections after chewing simulation.Material and methodsHundred and twenty identical customized abutments with different materials and implant abutment connections were fabricated for five groups: 1‐piece zirconia abutment with internal connection (T1, Cares‐abutment‐Straumann BL‐NC implant, Straumann Switzerland), 1‐piece zirconia abutment with external hex connection (T2, Procera abutment‐Branemark NP implant, Nobel Biocare, Sweden), 2‐piece zirconia abutments with metallic insert for internal connection (T3, Procera abutment‐Replace NP implant, Nobel Biocare), 2‐piece zirconia abutment on titanium resin base (T4, LavaPlus abutment‐VarioBase‐Straumann BL‐NC implant, 3M ESPE, Germany) and 1‐piece titanium abutment with internal connection (C, Cares‐abutment‐Straumann BL‐NC implant, Straumann, Switzerland). All implants had a narrow diameter ranging from 3.3 to 3.5 mm. Sixty un‐restored abutments and 60 abutments restored with glass‐ceramic crowns were tested. Mean bending moments were compared using ANOVA with p‐values adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey's procedure.ResultsThe mean bending moments were 521 ± 33 Ncm (T4), 404 ± 36 Ncm (C), 311 ± 106 Ncm (T1) 265 ± 22 Ncm (T3) and 225 ± 29 (T2) for un‐restored abutments and 278 ± 84 Ncm (T4), 302 ± 170 Ncm (C), 190 ± 55 Ncm (T1) 80 ± 102 Ncm (T3) and 125 ± 57 (T2) for restored abutments. For un‐restored abutments, C and T4 had similar mean bending moments, significantly higher than those of the three other groups (p < .05). Titanium abutments (C) had significantly higher bending moments than identical zirconia abutments (T1) (p < .05). Zirconia abutments (T1) with internal connection had higher bending moments than zirconia abutments with external connection (T2) (p < .05). For all test groups, the bending moments were significantly reduced when restored with all‐ceramic crowns.ConclusionsFor narrow diameter abutments, the fracture strength of 2‐piece internal connected zirconia abutments fixed on titanium resin bases was similar to those obtained for 1‐piece titanium abutments. Narrow diameter zirconia abutments with internal connection exhibited higher fracture strength than zirconia abutments with an external connection. Titanium abutments with an internal connection were significantly stronger than identical zirconia abutments.
Low‐dose curcumin stimulates proliferation of rat embryonic neural stem cells through glucocorticoid receptor and STAT3
Authors: Ma Xiao‐Xiao , Liu Jin , Wang Chun‐Man , Zhou Jiang‐Ping , He Zhen‐Zhou , Lin Han 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAimsThis study was to determine whether curcumin had any effect on the proliferation of neural stem cell (NSC), analyze the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and Notch1 at transcription and protein level, and discuss the related mechanisms.Methods and resultsNSCs were harvested from E15 SD rat brain and cultured. All experiments were performed at the second passage. Cell cytotoxicity, cell viability, and proliferation assays were used to figure out the optimal concentration of curcumin, which can be used for the protein and mRNA studies. The results showed that by downregulation of GR and STAT3 expression, 0.5 μmol L−1 curcumin exhibited the most pronounced effect in promoting the proliferation of NSCs, which were also induced by antagonists of GR and STAT3, but was inhibited by GR agonist.ConclusionThis study shows that low‐dose curcumin stimulates the proliferation of NSCs, which is probably by inhibiting the mRNA and protein expressions of GR and directly or indirectly regulating the STAT3 via the synergistic effect of GR and STAT3 pathways and its related signal pathways.
Survival after lung transplantation of cystic fibrosis patients infected with Burkholderia dolosa (genomovar VI)
Authors: Wang Ruobing , Welsh Sebastian K. , Budev Marie , Goldberg Hilary , Noone Peadar G. , Gray Alice , Zaas David , Boyer Debra 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) with severe lung disease is a well‐recognized indication for lung transplantation. Colonization with various organisms in CF patients may impact post‐transplant morbidity and mortality. Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is made up of distinct genomovars with significant morbidity and mortality associated with B. cenocepacia (genomovar III) following lung transplant. The outcomes of patients infected with genomovar B. dolosa (genomovar VI) have yet to be described in the literature. We performed a retrospective chart review of all cystic fibrosis patients colonized with B. dolosa from our center who underwent lung transplantation (n = 11) at various medical centers across the US between 2000 and 2014. Survival rates were 73%, 53%, and 30% for 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Median survival was 44 months (95% CI = 11.1‐76.8). CF patients with B. dolosa that have undergone lung transplantation have decreased one‐year survival when compared to all patients transplanted with cystic fibrosis. Conditional 5‐year survival for B. dolosa‐infected patients was 43% in patients that survived the first year post‐transplant, suggesting that this first year is crucial in managing the infection. Importantly, the survival of the B. dolosa patients was higher than compared to previously reported survival rates of B. cenocepacia patients post‐transplant.
Cover Image, Volume 20, Issue 4
Authors: Ruz‐Maldonado Inmaculada , Pingitore Attilio , Liu Bo , Atanes Patricio , Huang Guo Cai , Baker David , Alonso Francisco José , Bermúdez‐Silva Francisco Javier , Persaud Shanta J. 
Published: March 2018

The cover image, by Inmaculada Ruz‐Maldonado et al., is based on the Original Article LH‐21 and abnormal cannabidiol improve β‐cell function in isolated human and mouse islets through GPR55‐dependent and ‐independent signalling, DOI: 10.1111/dom.13180.
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Walk, swim or fly? Locomotor mode predicts genetic differentiation in vertebrates
Authors: Medina Iliana , Cooke Georgina M. , Ord Terry J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLimited dispersal is commonly used to explain differences in diversification rates. An obvious but unexplored factor affecting dispersal is the mode of locomotion used by animals. Whether individuals walk, swim or fly can dictate the type and severity of geographical barriers to dispersal, and determine the general range over which genetic differentiation might occur. We collated information on locomotion mode and genetic differentiation (FST) among vertebrate populations from over 400 published articles. Our results showed that vertebrate species that walk tend to have higher genetic differentiation among populations than species that swim or fly. Within species that swim, vertebrates in freshwater systems have higher genetic differentiation than those in marine systems, which is consistent with the higher number of species in freshwater environments. These results show that locomotion mode can impact gene flow among populations, supporting at a broad‐scale what has previously been proposed at smaller taxonomical scales.