bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract A89: Gender and racial disparities in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Alsaadoun Noor , Kopciuk Karen , Hao Desiree , Riabowol Karl , Hollenberg D. Morley , Bebb D. Gwyn 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. and remains the least-funded cancer in North America. Many studies addressed disparities in lung cancer incidence rate among the races; however, few studies described the effect of both race and gender in the risk of manifesting this disease. These studies lack consensus for both the etiology and the magnitude of gender-based disparities and their impact on disease development on specific racial groups. These unknown race-associated characteristics between men and women might adversely affect the improvement of current therapies and patient outcomes. Characterizing gender as a possible risk modifier in lung cancer development among certain ethnic groups may aid in the development of targeted agents that improve patient outcomes.
This study aimed to investigate the global pattern of gender-based disparities in incidence of lung cancer and describe the etiologic factors associated with different racial groups in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), since it comprises 85% of all diagnosed cases. This aim was accomplished by analyzing data scrutinized using a systematic review approach for studies published between 1996 and 2016. We found a statistically significant effect of race on lung cancer incidence rate, and this effect varies by gender. We also found that certain races are more prone to develop adenocarcinoma in their histology than others, regardless of their sex. In addition, we found that Asian women have higher rates of NSCLC regardless of their living environment.
Our findings also show that the number of cases of NSCLC is rising among women of all races, regardless of their smoking status. By visualizing NSCLC pattern in both men and women among different countries and racial groups, we stimulate future findings to establish efficacious preventative strategies and will stimulate research advancements toward sex- and racial-designed diagnostics, including alternative treatments that could reduce the manifestation of this disease.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Noor Alsaadoun, Karen Kopciuk, Desiree Hao, Karl Riabowol, D. Morley Hollenberg, D. Gwyn Bebb. Gender and racial disparities in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A89.
Abstract B55: Tumor-derived MCP-1 regulates invasiveness in triple-negative breast cancer via the MAP kinase pathway
Authors: Dutta Pranabananda , Paico Kimberly , Wu Yanyuan , Sarkissyan Marianna , Vadgama Jaydutt 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer compared to other breast cancer subtypes. The frequency of TNBC expression is highest in young African-American women, leading to significant cancer health disparity in this population. Furthermore, TNBC is difficult to treat due to lack of known receptor targets at protein or gene level. Hence, it is imperative to identify novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of TNBC. Here we aim to show that the Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 (MCP-1) is a reliable biochemical marker to assess TNBC progression.
Experimental Design: We employed ELISA method to measure secreted MCP-1 in cell conditioned media, and real-time PCR to determine the mRNA status of MCP-1 in different TNBC cell lines. Boyden chamber assay was used to determine the effect of recombinant MCP-1 on cellular invasiveness. Immunohistochemistry staining was utilized for detecting protein of interest in tissue samples from breast cancer patients. MCP-1 knockdown was performed using lentiviral vector with shRNA targeting MCP-1 coding regions. RNAseq was performed with recombinant human MCP-1.
Results: Our data show that MCP-1 is upregulated in TNBC cell lines, both transcriptionally and in secreted protein levels compared to ER-positive cell line, MCF-7. Breast cancer patients also showed high expression of MCP-1. MCP-1 treatment induced MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell invasion, without affecting cell proliferation. Small-molecule antagonists against chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), cognate receptor for MCP-1, and the MAP kinase pathway inhibitor U0106 negatively affected MDA-MB-231 cell invasion as measured by the Boyden chamber assay. This suggests that MCP-1-CCR2 axis may regulate invasiveness via the MAP kinase pathway. Knocking down MCP-1 by shRNA decreased cell invasion in TNBC cell line, BT-549, along with downregulation of key epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, N-cadherin and Vimentin. Recombinant MCP-1 treatment in TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells upregulated genes associated with cytokine signaling.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that a high MCP-1 level in TNBC cells may be responsible for increase in cell invasion via the MAP kinase pathway. Thus, MCP-1-mediated pathways could be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of TNBC and reduce cancer health disparities.
Citation Format: Pranabananda Dutta, Kimberly Paico, Yanyuan Wu, Marianna Sarkissyan, Jaydutt Vadgama. Tumor-derived MCP-1 regulates invasiveness in triple-negative breast cancer via the MAP kinase pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B55.
Abstract B67: Overexpression of claudin-3 tight junction protein in endometrial cancer cell lines and tumor tissues derived from African American women
Authors: Cuevas Maria E. , Todd Maria C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
According to the American Cancer Society (2017), endometrial cancer is the most common type of reproductive tumor in the US. Notably, whereas the incidence of endometrial cancer is similar in women of different races, the mortality rate is significantly higher in African American women. Currently, the molecular etiology of this disease is not well understood nor is there an explanation as to the disparity between the clinical outcomes for African American women and women of other races. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to determine (1) the expression of claudin-3 mRNA and protein in a panel of endometrial cancer cell lines and (2) the expression of claudin-3 protein in matched pairs of normal and tumor tissues derived from African American women with endometrial cancer. RT-PCR was used to measure claudin-3 mRNA expression, and immunoblotting was used to evaluate claudin-3 protein levels. We observed overexpression of claudin-3 protein in 4 of the 10 endometrial cancer cell lines and in 4 of the 6 primary endometrial cancer tissues (relative to their matched normal control tissues). Consistent with the immunoblotting data, the levels of claudin-3 mRNA were elevated in the same 4 cell lines that showed overexpression of the protein. These data suggest that increased transcription of the claudin-3 gene is responsible for the elevated levels of the claudin-3 protein. Consistent observations of elevated claudin-3 gene expression may indicate its use as a diagnostic marker. The finding of claudin-3 overexpression in the majority of endometrial tumor tissues suggests a role for tight junction disruption in the development of endometrial cancer in African American women.
Citation Format: Maria E. Cuevas, Maria C. Todd. Overexpression of claudin-3 tight junction protein in endometrial cancer cell lines and tumor tissues derived from African American women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B67.
Abstract B70: Thymoquinone regulates cytochrome P450 genes involved in prostate cancer disparity
Authors: Singh Santosh K. , Lillard James W. , Singh Rajesh 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
African American (AA) men have a higher incidence and greater mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) than Caucasian American (CA) men. The factor influencing the racial disparity is not clearly understood and is probably genetic variation attributed to the disease. Androgen and androgen receptor (AR) pathways have long been associated with prostate growth. Racial differences have also been found among variants of the genes of the enzymes involved in androgen biosynthesis and metabolism, such as CYP3A4, CYP3A7, and CYP17A1. Although several inhibitors are approved for CYPs genes, the major drawback of these inhibitors is they contain the steroid scaffold, which contributes to the undesirable side effects (dyspnea, edema, contusion, etc.) observed in patients. In this regard, using nonsteroid scaffolds such as natural compound acts as a more potent inhibitor and interacts more selectively with the cytochrome P450 family. In this study, our data showed the effect of natural compound thymoquinone (TQ), a constituent of Nigella sativa (black seed), on CYP3A4, CYP3A7, and CYP17A1 genes in PCa cells, and found that TQ-treated cells significantly downregulated the expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A7, and CYP17A1 in MDA PCa 2b and E006AA-hT (African American) compared to LNCaP (Caucasian) cell lines. These findings were further confirmed by flow cytometry, Western blots, and immunofluorescence. These studies suggested that TQ could be the potent inhibitor of the active sites of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, which are an important target in the treatment of PCa. Additionally, knowledge of the PCa susceptibility genes (CYPs) could be used to identify individuals at risk of developing PCa with poor outcomes for heightened screening or prevention modalities and to identify optimal treatment strategies for men of African descent.
Citation Format: Santosh K. Singh, James W. Lillard, Jr., Rajesh Singh. Thymoquinone regulates cytochrome P450 genes involved in prostate cancer disparity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B70.
Abstract B88: [Advocate Abstract:] An anthropological approach to African American prostate cancer disparity
Authors: Green Gerald 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Originally, my poster board was only addressing my prostate cancer advocacy and disparity work that I do with the Men's Health Committee/UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center and Alameda County Office of Urban Male Health. And when the observer sees the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, the alarming national disparity patterns will become more apparent. To combat that trend, our prostate support group has developed a socialization pattern we call “Men Talk” to help men make more informed decisions. We'll see if our local disparity decreases. If it does, then our model will become a candidate for national adoption. And since I'm engaged in other advocacy work, I decided to share those activities:
1. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ECOG-ACRIN), where I'm involved with the Head and Neck Cancer Committee and the Cancer Research Advocates Committee
2. Kaiser Permanente Community Action Board (CAB), where I'm chair of the Northern California CAB Tissue Bank and member of Kaiser's National CAB Tissue Bank
3. Sutter Health's Ethnic Health Cancer Committee, where we focus on colon, breast, and prostate cancers
I'll provide more detail on all four (4) advocacy activities on the poster board and hopefully by sharing my other advocacy voices, the viewer gains a more complete picture of my advocacy interest and needs.
Citation Format: Gerald Green. [Advocate Abstract:] An anthropological approach to African American prostate cancer disparity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B88.
Abstract B92: Metabolomic landscape of African American prostate cancer: Insights into the biologic basis of the racial disparity
Authors: Lloyd Stacy M. , Gohlke Jie H. , Basu Sumanta , Putluri Vasanta , Vareed Shaiju K , Martin Rebeca San , Rajendiran Thekkelnaycke , Dorsey Tiffany A. , Prasad Bandana , Sonavane Rajni , Rasaily Uttam , Henderson James , Karanam Balasubramanyam , Venghatakrishnan Harene , Bhowmik Salil , Zaslavsky Alexander , Guha Nilanjan , Kittles Rick , Ambs Stefan , Ittmann Michael , Rowley David , Palapattu Ganesh , Putluri Nagireddy , Michailidis George , Sreekumar Arun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
African American (AA) men have an approximately 60% higher incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) and have about two times greater risk of dying of the disease than their European American (EA) counterparts. Despite this staggeringly unequal burden of PCa incidence and outcome between AA and EA men, there is limited insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with this racial disparity. Using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry platform, we uncovered the very first metabolic and lipidomics landscape in PCa/benign adjacent tissue pairs and paired plasma and urine containing epidemiologic meta-data from ancestry-typed AA and EA men. A total of 190 polar and mid-polar metabolites and 495 lipids were measured in tissues and 183 metabolites and lipids were examined in the plasma and urine samples. AA PCa tissue and plasma signatures had unique alterations in metabolites and key enzymes associated with the methionine-homocysteine pathway, including adenosine and inosine levels, compared to corresponding tissues and plasma from EA case controls and EA PCa tissues. Intriguingly, methionine levels in AA PCa were also portrayed by distinct dietary practices in these patients. In addition, AA PCa tissues demonstrated unique patterns of bioenergetic metabolites and accumulated lipids reflecting impaired mitochondrial activity and TCA cycle. Further characterization of these first-in-the-field findings demonstrating reprogrammed metabolism in AA PCa relative to EA tumors could reveal insights into the biologic basis of PCa disparities and novel areas for therapeutic intervention.
Citation Format: Stacy M. Lloyd*, Jie H. Gohlke*, Sumanta Basu*, Vasanta Putluri,Shaiju K Vareed, Rebeca San Martin, Thekkelnaycke Rajendiran, Tiffany A. Dorsey, Bandana Prasad, Rajni Sonavane, Uttam Rasaily, James Henderson, Balasubramanyam Karanam, Harene Venghatakrishnan, Salil Bhowmik, Alexander Zaslavsky,Nilanjan Guha, Rick Kittles, Stefan Ambs, Michael Ittmann,David Rowley, Ganesh Palapattu, Nagireddy Putluri,George Michailidis, Arun Sreekumar. Metabolomic landscape of African American prostate cancer: Insights into the biologic basis of the racial disparity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B92.
Abstract C02: The real cost. Preventing smokeless tobacco usage among rural adolescents and teens.
Authors: Carothers Sharon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Smokeless tobacco use is woven into the culture of rural communities, particularly among white males aged 12 to 18. There are few, if any, sources in these areas providing a steady message about the dangers of smokeless tobacco use. Instead it is glorified and seen as a rite of passage for this particular demographic.
The FDA's Center for Tobacco Products engaged the cross-cultural agency, Sensis, to establish and, in 2016, launch the first nationwide campaign to prevent smokeless tobacco use. The campaign targeted those most vulnerable to initiation of use: rural, white male youth. Sensis utilized its experienced researchers and campaign strategists to conduct formative research that would shape campaign strategy, test creative concepts, and develop all aspects of the campaign creative.
The goals/objectives of The Real Cost Rural Smokeless Campaign set by Sensis were to:
Educate the target audience by increasing awareness and understanding of the dangers of smokeless tobacco use.
Create cognitive dissonance that prompts the audience to rethink their relationship with smokeless tobacco and decrease their intent to use.
Those who attend this presentation can expect to learn:
1. The extent of the formative research conducted to learn about the target audience and their views of the product.
2. The tactics used to help change behaviors that had been culturally ingrained for decades, often passed through the generations.
3. How Sensis was able to educate about the potential dangers without attacking a cultural norm woven into the rural lifestyle.
Citation Format: Sharon Carothers. The real cost. Preventing smokeless tobacco usage among rural adolescents and teens. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C02.
Abstract C19: [Advocate Abstract:] Patient advocate program
Authors: Stanford Sandi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The poster will be the history, education, qualifications, scholarships for the Patient Advocate Program. It will include how it was developed, education programs, mentor program, qualifications, and responsibilities.
Citation Format: Sandi Stanford. [Advocate Abstract:] Patient advocate program [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C19.
Abstract C26: Associations Between race/ethnicity and enrollment in cancer research protocols
Authors: Ezeoke Ogochukwu Marietta , Brooks Gary , Postow Michael A. , Baxi Shrujal , Diamond Lisa 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: There is evidence of racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trial participation in oncology, but the studies reporting disparities tend to be small and specific to certain cancers. We aimed to use the experience of a large cancer center to investigate diverse participation in oncology research.
Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all adult patients seen at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) from 2005-2015. We examined if enrollment, defined as consent and registration to a research study, varied by race/ethnicity, a variable derived from the combination of self-reported values at MSK, gender, age, cancer type, and preferred language. Cancer type was determined by site and histology and designated as either common or rare, based on NCI criteria. Language preference was dichotomized to English and non-English. Descriptive and chi-square analyses examined bivariate associations between race/ethnicity and other characteristics, and research protocol enrollment. Due to large numbers of participants, associations were also assessed for clinical importance using standardized, chi-square residuals.
Results: A total of 233,599 patients were available for analysis. 93,276 (39.9%) were enrolled in a research protocol. The mean + SD age of the enrolled observations was 57.7+13.7 and for those not enrolled, was 58.9+14.6 (Mann-Whitney U Test, p&lt;.0001). Clinically meaningful associations were seen for “other” race/ethnicity, English language preference, and common cancer diagnosis.
Conclusion: Patients who reported “other” race/ethnicity, whose preferred language was English, or who had common cancer diagnoses were more likely to be enrolled into a research protocol. Differences in enrollment on research protocols due to the additional race/ethnicity categories or gender were minimal. Further research is needed to understand the impact of these findings on diversity in oncology research protocols and to design interventions to reduce disparities in oncology trial enrollment.
Citation Format: Ogochukwu Marietta Ezeoke, Gary Brooks, Michael A. Postow, Shrujal Baxi, Lisa Diamond. Associations Between race/ethnicity and enrollment in cancer research protocols [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C26.
Abstract C30: Coping strategies in cancer: A systematic review of African American women with breast cancer
Authors: McFall Jeanette Renay , McFall Jeanette Renay , McFall Jeanette Renay , McFall Jeanette Renay 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Introduction: African American women (AAW) have lower mortality rates for breast cancer compared to non-Hispanic white women. Late-stage diagnosis contributes to these lower mortality rates in AAW. AAW who are diagnosed with breast cancer and receive treatment report a disconnect in provider and patient communication. This disconnect leads to poor outcomes in survivorship. Understanding coping strategies in cancer for AAW diagnosed with breast cancer can help improve provider-patient communication and overall survivorship for patients.
Methods: The systematic review included an electronic search of PubMed and EBSCOHost databases. A search of terms “coping with cancer” and “African American women with breast cancer” yielded results of 35 articles. 14 of 35 articles were used in this review. Articles included in this study were screened for information related to spirituality, coping, and knowledge about cancer.
Results: The 14 studies reviewed all contained qualitative data. Common themes among all 14 studies were that spirituality and religion were the main sources for support for AAW with breast cancer. AAW reported feeling mistrust with health care providers, limited access to health care, and educational providers as barriers in physician-patient communication.
Discussion: Based on the results of this study, AAW use religion and spirituality to cope with cancer diagnosis and treatments. More AAW felt a disconnect with their providers because they felt neglected after completion of treatment. AAW credited medical mistrust to strained communication with health care providers. This information could be helpful to nurses and medical professionals to improve treatment for AAW with breast cancer.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Jeanette Renay McFall, Jeanette Renay McFall, Jeanette Renay McFall, Jeanette Renay McFall. Coping strategies in cancer: A systematic review of African American women with breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C30.