bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral lesion correlates of sympathetic cardiovascular activation in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Winder Klemens , Linker Ralf A. , Seifert Frank , Wang Ruihao , Lee De‐Hyung , Engelhorn Tobias , Dörfler Arnd , Fröhlich Kilian , Hilz Max 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and contributes significantly to disability. We hypothesized that cerebral MS‐lesions in specific areas of the central autonomic network might account for imbalance of the sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiovascular modulation. Therefore, we used voxel‐based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) to determine associations between cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and cerebral MS‐related lesion sites. In 74 MS‐patients (mean age 37.0 ± 10.5 years), we recorded electrocardiographic RR‐intervals and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Using trigonometric regressive spectral analysis, we assessed low (0.04–0.15 Hz) and high (0.15–0.5 Hz) frequency RR‐interval‐and blood pressure‐oscillations and determined parasympathetically mediated RR‐interval–high‐frequency modulation, mainly sympathetically mediated RR‐interval–low‐frequency modulation, sympathetically mediated blood pressure‐low‐frequency modulation, and the ratios of sympathetic and parasympathetic RR‐interval‐modulation as an index of sympathetic‐parasympathetic balance. Cerebral MS‐lesions were analyzed on imaging scans. We performed a VLSM‐analysis correlating parameters of autonomic dysfunction with cerebral MS‐lesion sites. The VLSM‐analysis showed associations between increased RR‐interval low‐frequency/high‐frequency ratios and lesions most prominently in the left insular, hippocampal, and right frontal inferior opercular region, and a smaller lesion cluster in the right middle cerebellar peduncle. Increased blood pressure‐low‐frequency powers were associated with lesions primarily in the right posterior parietal white matter and again left insular region. Our data indicate associations between a shift of cardiovascular sympathetic‐parasympathetic balance toward increased sympathetic modulation and left insular and hippocampal lesions, areas of the central autonomic network. The VLSM‐analysis further distinguished between right inferior fronto‐opercular lesions disinhibiting cardiac sympathetic activation and right posterior parietal lesions increasing sympathetic blood pressure modulation.
Understanding white matter structural connectivity differences between cognitively impaired and nonimpaired active professional fighters
Authors: Mishra Virendra R. , Sreenivasan Karthik R. , Zhuang Xiaowei , Yang Zhengshi , Cordes Dietmar , Banks Sarah J. , Bernick Charles 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLong‐term traumatic brain injury due to repeated head impacts (RHI) has been shown to be a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by a loss in cognitive performance. Establishing the correlation between changes in the white matter (WM) structural connectivity measures and neuropsychological test scores might help to identify the neural correlates of the scores that are used in daily clinical setting to investigate deficits due to repeated head blows. Hence, in this study, we utilized high angular diffusion MRI (dMRI) of 69 cognitively impaired and 70 nonimpaired active professional fighters from the Professional Fighters Brain Health Study, and constructed structural connectomes to understand: (a) whether there is a difference in the topological WM organization between cognitively impaired and nonimpaired active professional fighters, and (b) whether graph‐theoretical measures exhibit correlations with neuropsychological scores in these groups. A dMRI derived structural connectome was constructed for every participant using brain regions defined in AAL atlas as nodes, and the product of fiber number and average fractional anisotropy of the tracts connecting the nodes as edges. Our study identified a topological WM reorganization due to RHI in fighters prone to cognitive decline that was correlated with neuropsychological scores. Furthermore, graph‐theoretical measures were correlated differentially with neuropsychological scores between groups. We also found differentiated WM connectivity involving regions of hippocampus, precuneus, and insula within our cohort of cognitively impaired fighters suggesting that there is a discernible WM topological reorganization in fighters prone to cognitive decline.
Magnetohydrodynamic flow of a nanofluid due to a non‐linearly curved stretching surface with high order slip flow
Authors: Ibrahim Wubshet , Kuma Getu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article numerically scrutinizes magnetohydrodynamic flow of a nanofluid due to a nonlinearly curved stretching surface with third order slip flow conditions. The third order slip flow condition has not yet been discussed in fluid dynamics research. The mathematical modeling of the flow problem is given in partial differential equation form. The governing partial differential equations are transformed to high order ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformation and then solved numerically using a boundary value problem solver, bvp4c from Matlab software. The effect of the governing parameters on the flow of the velocity profile, concentration, and heat transfer characteristics are studied. Also graphs of the skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are drawn and their numerical values are tabulated. The numerical results of the study are compared with previously published articles in the limiting condition. The velocity of the flow field is reduced as the third order slip parameter and the first order slip parameter rises, but the velocity grows as the values of the second order slip flow parameter are elevated. The findings also indicate that the local Nusselt number is depreciated but local Sherwood numbers are elevated when the Soret and Dufour numbers are larger.
Applicability and attachment findings of the Strange Situation Paradigm in infants with visual impairment
Authors: Urqueta Alfaro Andrea , Meinz Paul , Morash Valerie S. , Lei Daisy , Kronberg Jill , Lara Summer , Jian Stephanie , Moore Melissa 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAttachment studies with diverse populations enrich the understanding of infants’ socioemotional development by documenting both universal and idiosyncratic aspects of attachment. Given the effects of attachment in children's socioemotional outcomes, such studies are necessary to investigate the impact of children's sensory impairments on attachment development. Yet, very little attachment research has focused on infants with visual impairment (VI infants), a population in which infant–caregiver emotional exchanges through visual means are reduced/absent. We investigated the applicability of the Strange Situation Paradigm (SSP), with added instructions to compensate for degraded visual input, in 20 VI infants (with no additional disabilities and who were receiving developmental counseling). In all but 1 of the SSPs coded, VI infants displayed observable attachment behavior that was classifiable. Nineteen VI infants showed attachment by 12 months of age. Across the ages tested (fractional age range = 0.9–2.33 months), most VI infants’ attachment patterns were classified as secure and organized.
High‐performance flexible sensing devices based on polyaniline/MXene nanocomposites
Authors: Zhao Lianjia , Wang Kang , Wei Wei , Wang Lili , Han Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHighly active two‐dimensional (2D) nanocomposites, integrating the unique merits of individual components and synergistic effects of composites, are greatly desired for flexible sensing device applications. Although 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) combined with their high metallic conductivity and versatile surface chemistry have shown its huge potential for sensing reactions, it still remains a major challenge to construct functional materials with intriguing sensing performance at room temperature (RT). Herein, we used an integration of density functional theory (DFT) simulations and bulk electrosensitive measurements to show high electrocatalytic sensitivity of polyaniline/MXene (PANI/Ti3C2T
x) nanocomposites. Thanks to the synergistic properties of nanocomposites and high catalytic/absorption capacity of Ti3C2T
x MXene, PANI nanoparticles are rationally decorated on Ti3C2T
x nanosheet surface via in situ polymerization by low temperature approach to induce remarkable detection sensitivity, rapid response/recovery rate, and mechanical stability at RT. This study offers a versatile platform to use MXenes to fabricate 2D nanocomposites materials for high‐performance flexible gas sensors.
Detection of non‐criteria autoantibodies in women without apparent causes for pregnancy loss
Authors: Zhu Hongyuan , Wang Meng , Dong Ying , Hu Honghai , Zhang Qiaoli , Qiao Chen , Xie Xin , Fan Fei , Zeng Jiazi , Jia Yan , Chen Lu , Liu Jingrui , Li Lin , Zhai Yanhong , Zhao Zhen , Shen Min , Cao Zheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSome of the non‐criteria autoantibodies, especially non‐conventional antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies, were present with high prevalence in sporadic miscarriages and recurrent pregnant loss. However, whether these autoantibodies are associated with miscarriage patients without apparent causes remain unclear.MethodsThe subjects were recruited from the female patients visiting the Infertility Center at the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from January 2017 to March 2018. The women who experienced one sporadic miscarriage (n = 89) or recurrent pregnancy loss (n = 125) were enrolled. The control participants (n = 59) were those women with normal pregnancy history and with no miscarriage or thrombosis experience. The collected serum specimens from above patients and controls were subjected to the 13 non‐criteria autoantibody examinations, targeting non‐conventional phospholipids, thyroid, sperm, endometrial, and anti‐nuclear antigens.ResultsWhen compared with the controls, the following non‐criteria antibodies stood out in present study with significantly increased frequency and were listed in the order of decreasing positive rates: aPE IgM (40.0%), ANA (15.2%), aEM IgG (13.6%), aPE IgG (12.8%), and aPT IgM (10.4%). Except for ANA, the presence of aPE IgM, aEM IgG, aPE IgG, and aPT IgM was not associated with positivity of LA tests. In receiver operating characteristic analyses, the combined aPE IgG and aEM IgG biomarker panel had the best discriminating power between miscarriage patients and healthy controls.ConclusionOur findings suggested that the non‐criteria could be included as part of the pregnancy loss evaluation when apparent causes are absent, and the conventional aPLs tests failed to provide interpretations.
Malaria mosquitoes use leg push‐off forces to control body pitch during take‐off
Authors: van Veen Wouter G. , van Leeuwen Johan L. , Muijres Florian T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEscaping from a blood host with freshly acquired nutrition for her eggs is one of the most critical actions in the life of a female malaria mosquito. During this take‐off, she has to carry a large payload, up to three times her body weight, while avoiding tactile detection by the host. What separates the malaria mosquito from most other insects is that the mosquito pushes off gently with its legs while producing aerodynamic forces with its wings. Apart from generating the required forces, the malaria mosquito has to produce the correct torques to pitch‐up during take‐off. Furthermore, the fed mosquito has to alter the direction of its aerodynamic force vector to compensate for the higher body pitch angle due to its heavier abdomen. Whether the mosquito generates these torques and redirection of the forces with its wings or legs remains unknown. By combining rigid‐body inverse dynamics analyses with computational fluid dynamics simulations, we show that mosquitoes use leg push‐off to control pitch torques and that the adaption of the aerodynamic force direction is synchronized with modulations in force magnitude. These results suggest that during the push‐off phase of a take‐off, mosquitoes use their flight apparatus primarily as a motor system and they use leg push‐off forces for control.
Radial variation in biochemical composition of the bovine caudal intervertebral disc
Authors: Bezci Semih E. , Werbner Benjamin , Zhou Minhao , Malollari Katerina G. , Dorlhiac Gabriel , Carraro Carlo , Streets Aaron , O'Connell Grace D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBovine caudal discs have been widely used in spine research due to their increased availability, large size, and mechanical and biochemical properties that are comparable to healthy human discs. However, despite their extensive use, the radial variations in bovine disc composition have not yet been rigorously quantified with high spatial resolution. Previous studies were limited to qualitative analyses or provided limited spatial resolution in biochemical properties. Thus, the main objective of this study was to provide quantitative measurements of biochemical composition with higher spatial resolution than previous studies that employed traditional biochemical techniques. Specifically, traditional biochemical analyses were used to measure water, sulfated glycosaminoglycan, collagen, and DNA contents. Gravimetric water content was compared to data obtained through Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, spatial distribution of lipids in the disc's collagen network was visualized and quantified, for the first time, using multi‐modal second harmonic generation (SHG) and Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman (CARS) microscopy. Some heterogeneity was observed in the nucleus pulposus, where the water content and water‐to‐protein ratio of the inner nucleus were greater than the outer nucleus. In contrast, the bovine annulus fibrosus exhibited a more heterogeneous distribution of biochemical properties. Comparable results between orthohydroxyproline assay and SHG imaging highlight the potential benefit of using SHG microscopy as a less destructive method for measuring collagen content, particularly when relative changes are of interest. CARS images showed that lipid deposits were distributed equally throughout the disc and appeared either as individual droplets or as clusters of small droplets. In conclusion, this study provided a more comprehensive assessment of spatial variations in biochemical composition of the bovine caudal disc.
River otter and mink occupancy dynamics in riparian systems
Authors: Holland Angela M. , Schauber Eric M. , Nielsen Clayton K. , Hellgren Eric C. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTSemi‐aquatic mammals are dependent upon streams and riparian areas, which are a product of the landscapes they drain. Both local stream morphology and surrounding land use are likely to have important influences on current occupancy of semi‐aquatic mammals and potentially affect future geographic distributions. We identified aspects of the riparian system and stream structure at multiple scales that relate to the presence of river otter (Lontra canadensis) and mink (Neovison vison) to better understand how changing landscapes affect occupancy dynamics of these semi‐aquatic mammals and to facilitate future monitoring and management. We estimated multi‐season occupancy using 103 sites sampled over 6 seasonal sampling periods in southern Illinois, USA (44,526 km2) during 2012–2014. We hypothesized river otter and mink occupancy were related to multiple aspects of landscape and local habitat attributes including land cover, water availability, human disturbance, and stream characteristics. Occupancy of river otter was predicted by large stream size, less developed area near the stream site, and proximity to areas with reintroduced or remnant populations of river otter. Mink were more likely to occupy sites with small streams and decreased water availability near the site. However, top models for both species had low weights and high uncertainty for multiple variables. Habitat‐based models may not be the best predictors of occupancy for these carnivores because they are more likely to respond to prey diversity or availability, but landscape changes that decrease natural water availability and increase human disturbance to the stream at the local scale are likely to negatively affect river otter. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
The role of the innate and adaptive immune response in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Subbarayan Rahul Sridhar , Arnold Levi , Gomez Juan Pineda , Thomas Sufi Mary 
Published: August 2019

Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and is directly attributed to its increasing incidence. The immune microenvironment surrounding HPV‐associated OPSCC tumors is complex and plays a critical role in the carcinogenic process. The neoplastic mechanism includes cells of the innate immunity such as macrophages, and dendritic cells as well as cells of the adaptive immune process such as CD8+ T‐cells. The intricate interactions between these two arms of the immune system allow for a pro‐inflammatory and pro‐tumorigenic environment. Intensive efforts are underway to gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune system's role in tumor development. This study seeks to summarize the current knowledge pertaining to role of the innate and adaptive immune response in HPV‐associated OPSCC.Level of Evidence3a
Theoretical and experimental studies of a new aniline derivative corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium
Authors: Fernandes Caio Machado , de Mello Marcos Vinícius Palmeira , dos Santos Nazir Escarpini , de Souza Alessandra Mendonça Teles , Lanznaster Mauricio , Ponzio Eduardo Ariel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract4‐Chloro‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)aniline (CPYA) was synthesized by a simple and inexpensive method and tested as a corrosion inhibitor in acid medium for mild steel by using gravimetric studies and electrochemical measurements. An average maximum efficiency of 96.0% was achieved at 4.59 mmol/L. Corrosion kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also analyzed. Surface analyses (atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) show that protection is enabled by adsorption on the metal, forming a film. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to access information regarding the molecular structure in the corrosive medium and to support interpretation of the results obtained by experimental methods.
Enhanced corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy developed by ultrasonic‐assisted friction stir processing
Authors: Baradarani Faraz , Mostafapour Amir , Shalvandi Maghsoud 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, ultrasonic‐assisted friction stir processing (UaFSP) and friction stir processing (FSP) were conducted on AZ91 magnesium alloy sheets, and their microstructure, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties were comparatively investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, open‐circuit potential, and potentiodynamic polarization were used to study the corrosion behavior of the material. Electrochemical measurements reveal that employing UaFSP, the corrosion rate of the AZ91 magnesium alloy was significantly reduced where lower corrosion current density for UaFSP specimens was obtained (2.09 µA/cm2) compared with 3.42 µA/cm2 for the FSP and 6.82 µA/cm2 for the base metal. This is mainly attributed to the alteration of morphology and better distribution of the β‐Mg17Al12 phase during UaFSP. By using ultrasonic vibration in FSP, a finer grain structure was obtained, which improved the tensile strength and hardness of the AZ91 Mg alloy.
An Advanced Technique for Linear Low‐Density Polyethylene Composition Determination: TGA–IST16–GC–MS Coupling
Authors: Boyron Olivier , Marre Tiffany , Delauzun Alain , Cozic Ronan , Boisson Christophe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn innovative method based on thermogravimetric analysis combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, TGA–IST16–GC–MS, is developed for measuring the comonomer type and the comonomer content in a series of linear low‐density polyethylenes (LLDPE). LLDPE such as copolymers of ethylene and octene or ethylene and hexene are synthetized using the Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 zirconium‐metallocene catalyst. Their characterization with TGA‐IST16‐GC‐MS system is compared to one of the polyethylenes prepared under similar conditions and used as reference. TGA‐IST16‐GC‐MS allows discriminating the comonomer type (hexene or octene) and content. Combining the versatility of thermal analysis and the accuracy and sensitivity of mass spectrometry, this original method proves to be very useful for routine characterization of LLDPE. It has the advantage of being quicker and more easily performed that traditional means of obtaining copolymer compositions such as nuclear magnetic resonance, or through separation techniques such as temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF).
In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Novel Zwitterionic Poly(Beta Amino)Ester Hydrogels Based on Diacrylate and Glycine for Site‐Specific Controlled Drug Release
Authors: Filipović Vuk V. , Babić Marija M. , Gođevac Dejan , Pavić Aleksandar , Nikodinović‐Runić Jasmina , Tomić Simonida Lj. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNew (β‐aminoester) hydrogels (PBAE) based on di(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and glycine are successfully synthesized and characterized for the first time in this work. PBAE macromers are obtained using Michael addition. By changing the diacrylate/amine stoichiometric ratio, but maintaining it >1, samples with different chemical structure containing acrylate end‐groups are obtained. The hydrogels are synthesized from macromers utilizing free radical polymerization. Chemical structure of macromers and hydrogels is confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy. Swelling and degradation rates in physiological pH range change notably with pH and monomer molar ratio, validating pH sensitivity and zwitterionic behavior, which can be finely tuned by changing any of these parameters. In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo acute embryotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) performed to assess the biocompatibility of the novel hydrogel materials and their degradation products reveal that materials are nontoxic and biocompatible. The Cephalexin in vitro drug release study, at pH values 2.20, 5.50, and 7.40, demonstrates pH‐sensitive delivery with the release profiles effectively controlled by pH and the hydrogel composition. PBAE hydrogels exhibit great potential for a variety of biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration and intelligent drug delivery systems.