bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Transfer RNA Methylases of Human Lymphocytes. II. Delayed Induction by PHA in Lymphocytes From Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: RIDDICK DAVID H. , GALLO ROBERT C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Treatment of lymphocytes from three patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) resulted in a fivefold increase in transfer RNA (tRNA) methylase activity. Evidence was obtained which suggests that the increase included enzyme species not present prior to the induction. As with normal lymphocytes, the time of induction coincided with the formation of fully transformed PHA cells, which is markedly delayed compared with that occurring in normal lymphocytes stimulated with PHA. Although all three patients had an identical pattern of tRNA methylase induction, initial and induced absolute values were higher in the cells of one patient who had 10 per cent immature peripheral blood lymphocytes. The levels of transfer RNA methylase activity were similar in normal and CLL lymphocytes. These data suggest that PHA induces quantitative and qualitative changes in tRNA methylase enzymes of CLL lymphocytes similar to those previously reported in normal lymphocytes but that the sequence of events of PHA interaction with CLL lymphocytes leading to the subsequent enzyme induction is delayed.
Immunoglobulins Associated With Human Platelets
Authors: MCMILLAN ROBERT , SMITH RICHARD S. , LONGMIRE ROBERT L. , YELENOSKY ROBERT , REID ROBERT T. , CRADDOCK CHARLES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A technique for the accurate and reproducible quantitation of platelet associated immunoglobulins is described. The intact platelets of normal subjects were found to be associated with small quantities of Ig probably located at or near the platelet surface. Incubation of normal platelets in sera from some patients with immunologic purpura caused an increase in platelet immunoglobulin levels.
The Effect of Preirradiation of Recipient Mice on the Proliferation of Transplanted Hemopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: SHADDUCK RICHARD K. , RICKARD KEVIN A. , HOWARD DONALD E. , STOHLMAN FREDERICK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Syngeneic bone marrow was transplanted into recipients either immediately or 2 days after lethal doses of irradiation. In the preirradiated animals, the plating efficiency of 2 per cent was significantly less than the 13-15 per cent observed in animals receiving the bone marrow inoculum immediately after irradiation. It is suggested that the lower plating efficiency reflects a less favorable microenvironment with fewer ecologic niches. Once growth of colony-forming units (CFU) commenced, the growth rate in the preirradiated group was more rapid so that by the eighth day the splenic content of CFU was similar in both groups. Possible mechanisms for the latter are considered and it is suggested that the differentiation in growth rate may be ascribed to regulation of stem cell growth through a short range cell-cell interaction.
Primary Amyloidosis with Plasmacytic Dyscrasia and a Tetramer of Bence Jones Type Lambda Globulin in the Serum and Urine
Authors: PARR D. M. , PRUZANSKI W. , SCOTT J. G. , MILLS D. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An abnormal protein has been isolated from both the serum and urine of a patient with generalized amyloidosis and plasmacytic dyscrasia. Immunological and biochemical techniques were used to demonstrate that the proteins isolated from each source were identical and were a tetramer of a lambda-type Bence Jones globulin. This appears to be the first reported occurrence of a urinary Bence Jones tetramer. The sedimentation coefficient of the protein was 5.0S, and its molecular weight 79,000. Reduction and alkylation, electrophoresis, and ultracentrifugation showed it to consist of four monomers covalently bonded to form two dimers, which were in turn noncovalently bonded to form the tetramer.
The Life-span of Complement-sensitive and -insensitive Red Cells in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: ROSSE WENDELL F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The survival of the complement-sensitive and complement-insensitive red cells in four patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) have been determined using either a cohort or a random label. The complement-sensitive cells have a very short survival (T ½) of less than 6 days by either technique). The complement-insensitive cells have a longer survival, with a large component of random destruction. The complement-sensitive cells are not changed into complement-insensitive cells. The proportion of complement-sensitive cells produced per day is very much greater than the proportion of these cells in the circulating blood.
Normal Human Lymphocytes Treated in Vitro With the Sulfhydryl Compound AET: Relationship to the Lymphocytes of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Authors: SIRCHIA G. , FERRONE S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Because in vitro treatment with the sulfhydryl compound AET is known to alter normal red cells in such a way that they become highly susceptible to the lytic action of complement, an investigation was carried out to evaluate whether the same substance could modify normal lymphocytes in a similar way. The lymphocytes from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria were also studied as a comparison. AET lymphocytes appeared to be more sensitive than the same untreated cells to the lytic action of antibody and C, as indicated both by the percentage of stained cells and by the titers displayed by the antisera used in a dye exclusion cytotoxicity test. Two HL-A monospecific antisera that gave false negative results with untreated lymphocytes gave clear-cut positive results with the same cells treated with AET. AET-lymphocytes could be employed for the detection of leukocyte antigens and antibodies.
Factors Affecting the Conversion of Yellow to Red Marrow
Authors: MANIATIS ALICE , TAVASSOLI MEHDI , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The tail vertebrae of the rat contain fatty marrow. The unamputated distal tail was implanted into the peritoneal cavity and disarticulated tail vertebrae were transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen in an effort to study the effect of environmental factors such as temperature and blood flow on the cellularity of the marrow. Transplantation alone increased only slightly the cellularity while the addition of phenylhydrazine treatment increased it greatly. These observations indicate that there is an inherent determinant of the cellularity of marrow in different sites, although this can be modified to a certain extent by environment and by physiologic stimulation.
Experimental Dysfibrinogenemia: In Vivo Studies With Arvin
Authors: RODRIGUEZ-ERDMANN FRANZ , CARPENTER C. B. , GALVANEK E. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Arvin (a fraction of the venom of the Malayan pit viper Ancistrodon rhodostoma) induces a transitory state of unclottability, during which the fibrinogen cannot be measured by thrombin-dependent methods. However, by immunoelectrophoresis, two main derivatives can be detected. One of these fractions polymerizes upon increasing the ionic strength of the milieu, depicting then a periodicity of 178 A.
Acid Mucopolysaccharides As Cofactor in Formation of Platelet-clumping Substance
Authors: MURASE HIROSHI , IJIRI HAGANO , SHIMAMOTO TATSUO , KOBAYASHI ITSURO , SHIMAMOTO TAKIO , YAMAZAKI HIROH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Incubation at 37°C for 30 min or the addition of CaCl2 (5 mM) generated platelet-clumping activity in citrated plasma and EDTA plasma previously acidified to pH 5.5 and in which heparin was added to give a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. Similar treatment could not produce platelet-clumping activity in saline or denatured plasma that had been heated to 56°C. Heparin, chondroitin sulfate B, or heparan sulfate produced platelet-clumping activity in BaSO4-adsorbed serum over a given pH range. The effective pH range for each compound was; heparin 0.5 mg/ml, pH 5.16 ± 0.09 to 6.31 ± 0.14; chondroitin sulfate B 0.5 mg/ml, pH 5.62 ± 0.09 to 6.88 ± 0.06; 2 mg/ml, pH 5.17 ± 0.16 to 7.18 ± 0.16. The effect of heparan sulfate in generating platelet-clumping activity was estimated only qualitatively at pH 6.0 and proved to be positive. Chondroitin sulfate A, chondroitin sulfate C, and hyaluronic acid failed to yield platelet-clumping activity in BaSO4-adsorbed plasma. The minimal concentrations of heparin and chondroitin sulfate B necessary to induce platelet-clumping activity in the BaSO4-adsorbed serum were 0.5 mg/ml and 0.1 mg/ml, respectively.
Periodicity During Recovery of Immune Response After Cyclophosphamide Treatment
Authors: MANY AMIRA , SCHWARTZ ROBERT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The recovery of the immune response after a single dose of cyclophosphamide was studied in mice challenged with SRBC. Although the number of splenic antibody-forming cells was normal within 1 wk after the drug was given, it dropped below normal on two subsequent occasions (10 and 24 days after treatment). Disturbance of a feedback loop controlling the production of thymus-dependent lymphocytes was postulated.
The Ontogenesis of Hemoglobins in Macaca nemestrina
Authors: NUTE PETER E. , STAMATOYANNOPOULOS GEORGE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Macaca nemestrina have two fetal hemoglobins which differ in the structures of their γ chains. Thus animals of this species, like man, appear to possess duplicate γ-chain loci. In this study, the ontogenesis of hemoglobins in M. nemestrina was followed in animals ranging in age from the 60th day of gestation to adulthood. Fetuses in the 60th day of gestation had the two fetal hemoglobins and a small amount of presumed embryonic hemoglobin. Fetuses between 60 and 132 days’ gestation had only the two fetal hemoglobins. Adult hemoglobin appeared in the last month of gestation. The subsequent transition from γ- to β-chain formation was nearly completed by the end of the second postnatal month. The two fetal hemoglobins were present in 2:1 proportions throughout fetal development and the period spanning the shift from γ- to β-chain formation. The pattern of hemoglobin development in these macaques differs from that in man in the following ways: (1) The relative activities of the two γ-chain loci do not change. (2) α-Chain synthesis is adequate throughout gestation (no γ-chain tetramers were found). (3) The transition from γ- to β-chain synthesis is more abrupt.
In Vitro Induction of Myeloid Proliferation and Maturation in Infantile Genetic Agranulocytosis
Authors: BARAK YIGAL , PARAN MICHAEL , LEVIN STANLEY , SACHS LEO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 3½-yr-old boy with infantile genetic agranulocytosis (IGA) has had recurrent infections since the age of 3 mo. Characteristically he shows permanent, almost complete neutropenia with relative monocytosis in the peripheral blood, together with a bone marrow rich in proliferative myeloid cells, but lacking in mature ones. Results of in vitro cloning of the patient’s bone marrow cells in soft agar indicate that human-spleen-conditioned medium can induce the formation of large granulocyte colonies with normal maturation. The cloning efficiency, colony size, and degree of maturation were no less than in cultures seeded with normal marrow cells. Neither the addition of patient’s serum to normal marrow culture, nor the addition of normal serum to patient’s marrow culture, caused any change in cloning efficiency or degree of maturation. These observations suggest that precursors of granulocytes in cases of IGA are potentially capable of normal proliferation and maturation provided that they are supplied with an inducer such as that derived from human spleen.
Congenital Abnormality of the Prothrombin Molecule (Factor II) in Four Siblings: Prothrombin Barcelona
Authors: JOSSO F. , DE SANCHEZ J. MONASTERIO , LAVERGNE J. M. , MENACHE D. , S0ULIER J. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A family is described in which four siblings suffer from an unusual hemorrhagic syndrome. In the patient’s plasma, the prothrombin level is only 5% of normal by standard clotting assay and 100% both by staphylocoagulase and immunochemical assays. Results of further investigations in these patients and their family are in favor of a genetic defect of the prothrombin molecule transmitted as a recessive autosomal trait. This abnormal prothrombin is slowly activated by prothrombinase and its electric charge differs from that of normal prothrombin.
X-ray and Alkylating Agents Alter Differentiation of Surviving Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: HELLMAN SAMUEL , GRATE HELEN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Repopulation assays indicate that erythrocyte differentiation is preferentially impaired in the progeny of progenitor cells surviving radiation or alkylating agents. This was confirmed by study of the iron incorporation into spleen colonies produced by survivors of such treatments. These colonies were characterized by a reduced size and decreased radioactive iron incorporation. Thus, it appears that radiation and alkylating agents not only affect survival of stem cells, but also alter the differentation capacities of such surviving cells.
G6PD Deficiency and Chronic Hemolysis: Four New Mutants—Relationships Between Clinical Syndrome and Enzyme Kinetics
Authors: RATTAZZI MARIO C. , CORASH LAURENCE M. , VAN ZANEN GEORGE E. , JAFFÉ ERNST R. , PIOMELLI SERGIO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
G6PD deficiency of the common type (GdA- and GdMediterranean) results in extremely mild chronic hemolysis. In contrast, 65 males (from 47 unrelated families) have been reported with a different syndrome of severe chronic hemolysis associated with a superficially similar deficiency in the activity of G6PD. Five new such patients (from four unrelated families) are reported. Biochemical characterization of the erythrocyte G6PD from these patients indicates that these four mutant enzymes are different from each other and from previously reported variants. These new mutants have tentatively been named G6PD New York, G6PD Englewood, G6PD Rotterdam and G6PD Den Haag. The congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemias associated with G6PD deficiency appear to be an extremely heterogeneous group from the point of view of biochemical kinetics. The relationships between the clinical syndrome and the various biochemical enzyme characteristics are discussed in the light of the information presently available.
Radioisotopic Assay for Measurement of Serum Folate Levels
Authors: WAXMAN SAMUEL , SCHREIBER CAROL , HERBERT VICTOR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A radioisotopic assay is reported that accurately measures an almost identical serum folate to that measured by Lactobacillus casei and can separate low, borderline, and normal folate levels. This assay utilizes a powdered milk available in any grocery. The assay takes less than 4 hr and can be run in unlimited quantity. This radioassay should simplify diagnosis of folate deficiency and be particularly useful in patients receiving antibiotics and folate antagonists, where the microbiological assay gives false low results.
Radioautographic Observations on Iron Absorption by the Normal Mouse Duodenum
Authors: BÉDARD YVAN C. , PINKERTON PETER H. , SIMON GÉRARD T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The uptake of iron by the absorptive cells of the first part of the duodenum of the normal mouse, and the subsequent transfer of iron to the lamina propria, have been studied by radioautography at intervals in the first 24 hr after instillation of 55Fe into the stomach. Two phases of iron absorption are seen during this time. In the first 3 hr, iron is taken up very quickly by the brush border of the absorptive cells; the iron becomes localized mainly in areas rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes; and there is rapid transfer of iron to the vessels of the lamina propria without evidence of any specific cell acting as a "carrier." The second or slow phase occurs between 3 and 24 hr. The uptake of iron by the absorptive cells and its transfer to the lamina propria appears minimal. During this period the radioactive iron is found mainly close to rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes and only a relatively small amount is seen over ferritin granules in lysosomes. Significant numbers of spots, representing radioactive iron, have not been observed at any stage over the mitochondria, nuclei, and Golgi zones.
Deoxycytidine Pathway in Separated Normal and Leukemic Leukocytes With Effects of Cell Culture
Authors: RABINOWITZ YALE , FARMER ROBERT , CZEBOTAR VIRGINIA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Enzymes of dC metabolism were studied in glass-column-separated normal and leukemic cells. Supernatants of sonicated cells were incubated with dC-3H or dCMP-3H and the end products separated with paper chromatography. Greatest recovery of dCTP, dUMP, and TTP occurred with myeloblasts and monoblasts. Mature granulocytes, and normal and leukemic lymphocytes gave the greatest breakdown to uracil. Myelocytes and lymphoblasts gave intermediate results. Leukemic lymphocytes from different patients varied greatly in their end products, but most did show evidence of TMP synthetase activity contrary to previous reports. Recovery of products of TMP synthetase and, to a lesser extent, dCMP deaminase and dC kinase activities was greatest in cells having or developing a potential for mitosis. CLL-L whose extracts showed appreciable production of dCTP, dUMP, and TdR compounds, however, did not regularly produce blast cells in response to PHA in culture. Cellular extracts of N-L, or CLL-L from cases which responded to PHA did show, on the other hand, a considerable increase in accumulation of these compounds from initial low values during culture.
Primary Acquired Red Cell Hypoplasia Associated With a Clonal Chromosomal Abnormality and Disturbed Erythroid Proliferation
Authors: FITZGERALD PETER H. , HAMER JACK W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 43-yr-old male patient with primary acquired red cell hypoplasia was studied over a course of 5 yr. Repeated bone marrow examinations showed marrow replacement by an abnormal cell clone characterized by deletion of most of the long arm of a B group chromosome (Bq-). Chromosomes of blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts were normal. 55Fe labeling of bone marrow metaphases demonstrated the abnormal chromosome in developing erythroid cells, and it was considered to be present in the common erythroid-myeloid precursor stem cell and its derivatives. Studies of bone marrow cell proliferation using 3H-thymidine autoradiography combined with DNA cytochemistry demonstrated a specific breakdown of erythroid differentiation at the stage of the early polychromatic normoblast. It is suggested that red cell hypoplasia was a function of the abnormal clone that replaced normal erythropoietic stem cells of the bone marrow, but proved to be defective in the metabolism required for red cell production. Such replacement of normal bone marrow tissue, presumably associated with the somatically acquired cytogenetic change, is regarded as a neoplastic though nonmalignant development. The patient died from complications of influenzal pneumonia without evidence of tumor or leukemia.
Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria: Report of a Case With an Exceptionally High Thermal Range Donath-Landsteiner Antibody
Authors: RIES CURT A. , GARRATTY GEORGE , PETZ LAWRENCE D. , FUDENBERG H. HUGH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with idiopathic paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria had severe hemolytic anemia despite minimal exposure to cold. The patient’s autoantibody demonstrated all the characteristic features of Donath-Landsteiner antibodies, except that strong hemolysis occurred with simple cooling (monophasic hemolysis), as well as with traditional cold-warm incubation (biphasic hemolysis). Monophasic hemolysis was caused by a Donath-Landsteiner antibody of exceptionally high thermal range, which caused red cell sensitization and hemolysis up to 32°C. The patient’s severe hemolytic anemia was probably a result of the high thermal range of the autoantibody, which would allow intravascular hemolysis with even minimal exposure to cold. Corticosteroids had a beneficial effect in controlling hemolysis; however, strict environmental control, with vigorous prophylaxis against even minimal cold, was the most important part of the therapeutic program.
Pure Red Cell Aplasia and Thymoma: Loss of Serum Inhibitor of Erythropoiesis Following Thymectomy
Authors: AL-MONDHIRY HAMID , ZANJANI ESMAIL D. , SPIVACK MORTON , ZALUSKY RALPH , GORDON ALBERT S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 32-yr-old black female with pure red cell aplasia and thymoma showed complete hematologic remission after thymectomy. Bioassay of preoperative serum and urine in exhypoxic polycythemic mice revealed the presence of significant levels of erythropoiesis-stimulating factor (ESF or erythropoietin). Antierythropoietin completely neutralized the erythropoietic effect of these samples. Utilizing both normal and exhypoxic polycythemic mice, the preoperative serum and urine were also found to contain a potent inhibitor of erythropoiesis. However, no such activity was demonstrated in saline extracts of the tumor tissue. The inhibitor was present in the serum IgG fraction. Serum to which excess ESF had been added, after prior neutralization of endogenous ESF with anti-ESF, failed to stimulate erythropoiesis in the polycythemic mouse.
Radioactive Vitamin B12 Absorption Studies: Comparison of the Whole-Body Retention, Urinary Excretion, and Eight-hour Plasma Levels of Radioactive Vitamin B12
Authors: COTTRALL M. F. , WELLS D. G. , TROTT N. G. , RICHARDSON N. E. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper reports the results of investigations designed to compare the whole-body retention, urinary excretion, and 8-hr plasma level of 58Co vitamin B12 in some 80 absorption tests on 50 subjects. Residual levels of radioactivity in the body were measured using a whole-body counter. A proportional relationship is demonstrated between the 9-day whole-body retention, the 8-hr plasma radioactivity and the 48-hr urinary excretion of vitamin B12. The constants of proportionality are determined, enabling the results of absorption tests carried out by different methods to be compared. The mean values and the range of the results obtained are tabulated for subjects in each of four clinical categories. It is shown that approximately one third of the activity absorbed from a 1-µg dose is excreted in the urine following a single intramuscular injection of 1 mg nonradioactive vitamin B12 at 3 hr. The administration of this flushing dose does not significantly alter the activity absorbed as represented by that retained together with that excreted in the urine. The plasma activity at 8 hr is increased by a factor of about 2 over that obtained without the flushing dose. Factors affecting the accuracy of the individual techniques have been studied and the poor reproducibility of successive tests is discussed.