bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostanoide in der Behandlung der chronisch arteriellen Verschlußkrankheit
Authors: Gruß J. D. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungVasodilatation, Hemmung der Thrombozytenaktivierung und Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften des Blutes machten die intraarterielle Applikation von Prostanoiden bei der inoperablen peripheren AVK im Stadium III und IV zum interessanten Therapiekonzept. Günstige Erfahrungen mit der intravenösen Applikation blieben zunächst ohne rationale pharmakologische Erklärung, da 70-80% der Substanz PGE1 bei einer einzigen Lungenpassage metabolisiert werden. Erst die Entdeckung des stabilen Metaboliten 13,14-Dihydro-PGE-1 lieferte eine Erklärung für eine Vielzahl günstiger Therapiestudien. In der Gefäßchirurgie wird die intraarterielle PGE1 Therapie adjuvant bei femorodistalen Venenbypasses mit eingeschränkter Ausstrombahn eingesetzt. Die intravenöse adjuvante Therapie erwies sich als günstig beim Drei-Etagen- Verschluß im Stadium III und IV bei dem lediglich noch eine Profundaplastik möglich war. Weitere Einsatzbereiche sind das Trash-Syndrom, die Phlegmasia coerulea dolens, wenn es trotz erfolgreicher Thrombektomie zur fortschreitenden Nekrose kommt, der Ergotismus, das Ulcus cruris unterschiedlicher Genese, die arterielle Verschlußkrankheit vom digitalen Typ sowie die in Mitteleuropa relativ seltene Endangiitis obliterans.
Prävention intrakardialer Thromben und systemischer Embolien nach Herzklappenersatz
Authors: Horstkotte D. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungObwohl bislang keine prospektiven Dosisfindungsstudien durchgeführt wurden, wird für Patienten mit mechanischen Herzklappenprothesen eine orale Dauerantikoagulation mit einer Intensität von INR 3,0-4,5 empfohlen. Jüngste Untersuchungen zum optimalen Management einer oralen Antikoagulation bei Kunstklappenträgern belegen (a) die Unzulänglichkeit der Therapiesteuerung mittels des Quick-Wertes, (b) Unterschiede in der Thrombogenität älterer wie auch der heute verfügbaren Prothesen, (c) die Notwendigkeit einer individuellen Antikoagulation aufgrund der patientenseitigen Koagulabilität, (d) die Berücksichtigung der unabhängig von der implantierten Prothese zu intrakardialen Thrombosen und konsekutiven Embolien prädisponierenden kardialen Morphologie und Physiologie.
An introduction to achieving policy impact for early career researchers
Authors: Evans Megan C , Cvitanovic Christopher 
Published: July 2018

AbstractScientists are increasingly required to demonstrate the real world tangible impacts arising from their research. Despite significant advances in scholarship dedicated to understanding and improving the relationships between science, policy and practice, much of the existing literature remains high level, theoretical, and not immediately accessible to early career researchers (ECRs) who work outside of the policy sciences. In this paper, we draw on the literature and our own experiences working in the environmental sciences to provide an accessible resource for ECRs seeking to achieve policy impact in their chosen field. First, we describe key concepts in public policy to provide sufficient background for the non-expert. Next, we articulate a number of practical steps and tools that can help ECRs to identify and enhance the policy relevance of their research, better understand the policy world in practice and identify a range of pathways to achieving impact. Finally, we draw on our personal experiences to highlight some of the key individual characteristics and values that are needed to operate more effectively at the interface of science, policy and practice. Our hope is that the information and tools provided here can help to empower ECRs to create their own pathways to impact that best suit their individual goals, circumstances, interests and strengths.
Dramatherapy and Social Anxiety
Authors: Figge Peter A.W. 
Published: July 2018

41 socially anxious students who sought psychotherapeutic help at the Counselling and Psychotherapy Center of Hamburg University were treated with dramatherapy In groups. Averaging a twelve-year problem duration of social anxiety, the dramatherapeutic subjects do not differ from the average non-therapy seeking student when compared in general social and family background or in intellectual capability. There are indications for a special helper-helpee relationship between parent and child as prerequisite for the development of social anxiety. After four single therapy sessions, the treatment consisted of 16—three hour group sessions once a week, one of these being a three-day “intensive session” in the seclusion of a country meeting place. A therapy group consisted of eight clients (four female, four male) and one female, one male psychotherapist. In comparing changes of an experimental group (n = 21) after dramatherapy with those of a control group (n = 20) who had been waiting for psychotherapy, drama games and exercises in combination with the work on a specially designed interaction hierarchy proved responsible for significant improvements of the experimental group on cognitive, emotional and behavioural levels. These effects having steadily developed during the process of the group therapy appear to be stable up to seven months after group therapy when follow up interviews were conducted. The therapy procedure Is illustrated, exemplary results are discussed.
Ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography combined with asymmetrical‐flow field‐flow fractionation for the isolation and characterisation of extracellular vesicles from urine
Authors: Oeyen Eline , Van Mol Kurt , Baggerman Geert , Willems Hanny , Boonen Kurt , Rolfo Christian , Pauwels Patrick , Jacobs An , Schildermans Karin , Cho William C , Mertens Inge 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have a great potential in clinical applications. However, their isolation from different bodily fluids and their characterisation are currently not optimal or standardised. Here, we report the results of examining the performance of ultrafiltration combined with size exclusion chromatography (UF‐SEC) to isolate EVs from urine. The results reveal that UF‐SEC is an efficient method and provides high purity. Furthermore, we introduce asymmetrical‐flow field‐flow fractionation coupled with a UV detector and multi‐angle light‐scattering detector (AF4/UV‐MALS) as a characterisation method and compare it with current methods. We demonstrate that AF4/UV‐MALS is a straightforward and reproducible method for determining size, amount and purity of isolated urinary EVs.
Feeling European in a globalised world and the role of mobility, networks, and consumption: A comparative approach to British exceptionalism
Authors: Hanquinet Laurie , Savage Mike 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
This article rethinks European and global self-identification after the 2008 crash and the rise of populism and nationalism in Europe. Situating ourselves within the tradition of transactionalist theories, we run multinomial logistic regressions using data from the unusually comprehensive EUCROSS survey in Denmark, Germany, Italy, Romania, Spain, and the UK in 2012. We show that mobility, networks, and consumption practices are related to different kinds of national, European, and global identities among our respondents. Britain is distinctive in two ways. First, network and consumption practices induce a greater variation among British citizens in affecting their supranational feelings. Second, Britain sees a clearer differentiation between the forces of globalisation and Europeanisation. We conclude that the British are not, in any obvious ways, more nationalist than other nations, but that the strength of their ex-imperial networks means that their supranational identities can take a more anti-European form.
Development and Validation of an Electronic Medical Record–Based Algorithm to Identify Patient Milestones in the Hepatitis C Virus Care Cascade
Authors: Zucker Jason , Aaron Justin G , Feller Daniel J , Slowikowski Jacek , Evans Henry , Scherer Matthew L , Yin Michael T , Gordon Peter 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Disease-specific care cascades are important public health and organizational tools to characterize gaps in care and target resources, but they are labor-intensive to maintain. Using data available from the electronic medical record, we developed an algorithm with high accuracy for correctly representing an individual’s status in the hepatitis C virus care cascade.
Recruitment and effectiveness by cohort in a case management intervention among American Indians and Alaska Natives with diabetes
Authors: Pratte Katherine A , Beals Janette , Johnson Ann , Bullock Ann , Manson Spero M , Jiang Luohua ,   Special Diabetes Program for Indians Healthy Heart Project Demonstration Project
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In real-world settings, eligible populations and intervention effectiveness for a translational intervention likely vary across time. To determine the optimal strategies for effective large-scale implementation of evidence-based interventions, it is critical to investigate these potential variabilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether patient characteristics and intervention effectiveness differed by year of enrollment in a multiyear evidence-based translational intervention. The Special Diabetes Program for Indians Healthy Heart (SDPI-HH) Demonstration Project is an intensive case management intervention designed to reduce cardiovascular disease risk among American Indians and Alaska Natives with diabetes. SDPI-HH participants recruited from 2006 through 2008 were included. Baseline characteristics were compared by year of enrollment. We also evaluated the differences in improvements in clinical and behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease among participants recruited in different years. The baseline characteristics of the three cohorts significantly differed in demographics, diabetes duration, health behaviors, level of motivation, and clinical measures. Improvements in 13 clinical and behavioral outcomes also differed by enrollment year with the 2006 cohort having the greatest number of significant improvements and the highest rates of participation and retention. Further investigation into the ways to modify the intensive case management model to address differences in levels of motivation and participation is warranted to improve the management of chronic disease in Indian health. Given the evolving nature of translational initiatives of this kind, our analysis results highlight the need to understand and adapt during the natural progression of health behavioral interventions.
A suboptimal maternal diet combined with accelerated postnatal growth results in an altered aging profile in the thymus of male rats
Authors: Tarry-Adkins Jane L. , Aiken Catherine E. , Ashmore Thomas J. , Fernandez-Twinn Denise S. , Chen Jian-Hua , Ozanne Susan E. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTReduced fetal nutrition and rapid postnatal growth accelerates the aging phenotype in many organ systems; however, effects on the immune system are unclear. We addressed this by studying the thymus from a rat model of developmental programming. The recuperated group was generated by in utero protein restriction, followed by cross‐fostering to control‐fed mothers, and were then compared with controls. Fat infiltration and adipocyte size increased with age (P < 0.001) and in recuperated thymi (P < 0.05). Cortex/medulla ratio decreased with age (P < 0.001) and decreased (P < 0.05) in 12‐mo recuperated thymi. Age‐associated decreases in thymic‐epithelial cell (P < 0.01) and thymocyte markers (P < 0.01) were observed in both groups and was decreased (P < 0.05) in recuperated thymi. These data demonstrate effects of developmental programming upon thymic involution. The recuperated group had longer thymic telomeres than controls (P < 0.001) at 22 d and at 3 mo, which was associated with increased expression of telomere‐length maintenance molecules [telomerase RNA component (Terc; P < 0.01), P23 (P = 0.02), and Ku70 and Ku80 (P < 0.01)]. By 12 mo, recuperated offspring had shorter thymic telomeres than controls had (P < 0.001) and reduced DNA damage‐response markers [(DNA‐PKcs, Mre11 (P < 0.01), Xrcc4 (P = 0.02), and γ‐H2ax (P < 0.001], suggesting failure of earlier compensatory responses. Our results suggest that low birth weight with rapid postnatal growth results in premature thymic maturation, resulting in accelerated thymic aging. This could lead to increased age‐associated vulnerability to infection.—Tarry‐Adkins, J. L., Aiken, C. E., Ashmore, T. J., Fernandez‐Twinn, D. S., Chen, J.‐H., Ozanne, S. E. A suboptimal maternal diet combined with accelerated postnatal growth results in an altered aging profile in the thymus of male rats. FASEB J. 33, 239–253 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Perinatal short‐chain fructooligosaccharides program intestinal microbiota and improve enteroinsular axis function and inflammatory status in high‐fat diet‐fed adult pigs
Authors: Le Bourgot Cindy , Ferret‐Bernard Stéphanie , Apper Emmanuelle , Taminiau Bernard , Cahu Armelle , Le Normand Laurence , Respondek Frédérique , Le Huërou‐Luron Isabelle , Blat Sophie 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTPerinatal nutrition programs physiologic and metabolic functions, with consequences on the susceptibility to develop metabolic diseases in adulthood. The microbiota represents a key factor of such programming. We investigated whether perinatal prebiotic [short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS)] supplementation improved adult metabolic health in association with microbiota changes in pigs used as human model. Sows were supplemented with scFOS or not during the end of gestation and the entire lactation, and offspring received scFOS accordingly during 1 mo after weaning. Pigs were then fed a standard diet for 5 mo, followed by a high‐fat diet for 3 mo once adults. Perinatal scFOS supplementation induced a persistent modulation of the composition of the fecal microbiota in adulthood, notably by increasing the Prevotella genus. Meanwhile, scFOS animals displayed improved capacity to secrete glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and improved pancreas sensitivity to glucose without any changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Perinatal scFOS supplementation also increased ileal secretory IgA secretion and alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased TNF‐α expression in adipose tissue. In conclusion, perinatal scFOS supplementation induced long‐lasting modulation of intestinal microbiota and had beneficial consequences on the host physiology in adulthood. Our results highlight the key role of perinatal nutrition on later microbiota and host metabolic adaptation to an unbalanced diet.—Le Bourgot, C., Ferret‐Bernard, S., Apper, E., Taminiau, B., Cahu, A., Le Normand, L., Respondek, F., Le Huerou‐Luron, I., Blat, S. Perinatal short‐chain fructooligosaccharides program intestinal microbiota and improve enteroinsular axis function and inflammatory status in high‐fat diet‐fed adult pigs. FASEB J. 33, 301–313 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Galectin‐1 is a new fibrosis protein in type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Al-Obaidi Noor , Mohan Sumathy , Liang Sitai , Zhao Zhenze , Nayak Bijaya K. , Li Boajie , Sriramarao P. , Habib Samy L. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTChronic exposure of tubular renal cells to high glucose contributes to tubulointerstitial changes in diabetic nephropathy. In the present study, we identified a new fibrosis gene called galectin‐1 (Gal‐1), which is highly expressed in tubular cells of kidneys of type 1 and type 2 diabetic mouse models. Gal‐1 protein and mRNA expression showed significant increase in kidney cortex of heterozygous Akita+/− and db/db mice compared with wild‐type mice. Mouse proximal tubular cells exposed to high glucose showed significant increase in phosphorylation of Akt and Gal‐1. We cloned Gal‐1 promoter and identified the transcription factor AP4 as binding to the Gal‐1 promoter to up‐regulate its function. Transfection of cells with plasmid carrying mutations in the binding sites of AP4 to Gal‐1 promoter resulted in decreased protein function of Gal‐1. In addition, inhibition of Gal‐1 by OTX‐008 showed significant decrease in p‐Akt/AP4 and protein‐promoter activity of Gal‐1 and fibronectin. Moreover, down‐regulation of AP4 by small interfering RNA resulted in a significant decrease in protein expression and promoter activity of Gal‐1. We found that kidney of Gal‐1−/− mice express very low levels of fibronectin protein. In summary, Gal‐1 is highly expressed in kidneys of type 1 and 2 diabetic mice, and AP4 is a major transcription factor that activates Gal‐1 under hyperglycemia. Inhibition of Gal‐1 by OTX‐008 blocks activation of Akt and prevents accumulation of Gal‐1, suggesting a novel role of Gal‐1 inhibitor as a possible therapeutic target to treat renal fibrosis in diabetes.—Al‐Obaidi, N., Mohan, S., Liang, S., Zhao, Z., Nayak, B. K., Li, B., Sriramarao, P., Habib, S. L. Galectin‐1 is a new fibrosis protein in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. FASEB J. 33, 373–387 (2019). www.fasebj.org
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health Model Guides Individualized Care for a Patient With Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Baker Janine , Dominguez Jesus F. , Perdomo Marisa 
Published: July 2018

Background and Purpose:
Individuals referred to physical therapy with a medical diagnosis of spinal accessory nerve palsy following medical intervention for head and neck cancer (HNC) are often managed by focusing on upper-quadrant impairments. Consequently, the presence of multisystem dysfunction may be overlooked. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) model provides a useful framework to assess the patient with HNC and cues the physical therapist to formulate a comprehensive patient-centered treatment plan. This case study sought to assess the effectiveness of using the ICF model as a conceptual basis to develop a plan of care and assist a patient with HNC to realize his or her primary goal of returning to the workforce.

Case Summary:
The patient was seen as an outpatient in the University of Southern California faculty practice as part of a DPT student integrated project. His chief complaints included inability to work as a carpenter due to right shoulder pain, weakness, and generalized fatigue. During the initial examination, the physical therapist identified activity and participation restrictions and contextual barriers that limited the individual's ability to perform his work-related tasks. Guided by the ICF model theoretical construct, physical therapy interventions targeted the barriers that prevented him from fulfilling his role as a carpenter.

Conclusion:
Utilization of the ICF model for evaluation and treatment of an individual with HNC proved to be effective in guiding the physical therapy plan of care and in assisting the patient to achieve his primary goal of returning to work.
The Prevalence, Incidence, and Quality-of-Life Impact of Lymphedema After Treatment for Vulvar or Vaginal Cancer
Authors: Gane Elise M. , Steele Megan L. , Janda Monika , Ward Leigh C. , Reul-Hirche Hildegard , Carter Jonathan , Quinn Michael , Obermair Andreas , Hayes Sandra C. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Incidence of lymphedema appears to be higher in women with vulvar/vaginal cancer than in those with other forms of gynecological cancer. The objective of this work was to determine the point prevalence and incidence of lymphedema in women with vulvar/vaginal cancer and to describe symptom burden and quality of life (QOL).

Methods:
Prospective longitudinal cohort study conducted in Brisbane, Australia, including adult women with newly diagnosed vulvar/vaginal cancer. The primary outcome was self-reported swelling of the legs, vulvar area, or pelvis/abdomen or a clinical diagnosis of lymphedema. Severity of associated symptoms and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General) were also reported. Assessments were conducted over 2 years.

Results:
All participants (vulvar: n = 20; vaginal: n = 2; mean [SD] age = 57 [12] years) received surgical treatment, and 8 (36%) also received adjuvant therapy. By 24 months postdiagnosis, only 2 (9%) women had no evidence of lymphedema; all others self-reported swelling (n = 10; 45%), had a clinical diagnosis (n = 1; 5%), or both (n = 9; 41%). Three or more symptoms of moderate or greater intensity were reported by 7 (44%) women at 2 years. The presence of lower limb symptoms (including mild intensity) was associated with reduced QOL (any symptom: QOL estimate = −13.29; 95% CI, −19.30 to −7.27; P < .001).

Limitations:
Small sample size limits interpretation of findings.

Conclusion:
These findings demonstrate that the majority of women receiving treatment of vulvar/vaginal cancer experience lymphedema and symptoms of swelling are associated with lower QOL. Monitoring of swelling via patient self-report may identify women at risk of low QOL outcomes after treatment of vulvar/vaginal cancer.
Preoperative Fascia Iliaca Block Does Not Improve Analgesia after Arthroscopic Hip Surgery, but Causes Quadriceps Muscles Weakness
Authors: Behrends Matthias , Yap Edward N. , Zhang Alan L. , Kolodzie Kerstin , Kinjo Sakura , Harbell Monica W. , Aleshi Pedram 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Ambulatory hip arthroscopy is associated with postoperative pain routinely requiring opioid analgesia. The potential role of peripheral nerve blocks for pain control after hip arthroscopy is controversial. This trial investigated whether a preoperative fascia iliaca block improves postoperative analgesia.

Methods
In a prospective, double-blinded trial, 80 patients scheduled for hip arthroscopy were randomized to receive a preoperative fascia iliaca block with 40 ml ropivacaine 0.2% or saline. Patients also received an intraarticular injection of 10-ml ropivacaine 0.2% at procedure end. Primary study endpoint was highest pain score reported in the recovery room; other study endpoints were pain scores and opioid use 24 h after surgery. Additionally, quadriceps strength was measured to identify leg weakness.

Results
The analysis included 78 patients. Highest pain scores in the recovery room were similar in the block group (6 ± 2) versus placebo group (7 ± 2), difference: −0.2 (95% CI, −1.1 to 0.7), as was opioid use (intravenous morphine equivalent dose: 15 ± 7mg [block] vs. 16 ± 9 mg [placebo]). Once discharged home, patients experienced similar pain and opioid use (13 ± 7 mg [block] vs. 12 ± 8 mg [placebo]) in the 24 h after surgery. The fascia iliaca block resulted in noticeable quadriceps weakness. There were four postoperative falls in the block group versus one fall in the placebo group.

Conclusions
Preoperative fascia iliaca blockade in addition to intraarticular local anesthetic injection did not improve pain control after hip arthroscopy but did result in quadriceps weakness, which may contribute to an increased fall risk. Routine use of this block cannot be recommended in this patient population.