bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of angiopoietin-2 for patients with coronary heart disease after elective PCI
Authors: Jian Wen , Li Lang , Wei Xiao-Min , Wu Cheng-Qiang , Gui Chun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) frequently have cardiovascular complications after undergoing PCI. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is an important proangiogenic factor that also plays an important role in atherosclerosis. This study aimed to evaluate the value of Ang-2 in predicting cardiovascular events after elective PCI.
This prospective study enrolled 97 patients with CHD who underwent elective PCI from 2013 to 2014. Blood samples were collected in the first morning after admission and within 24 to 48 h after PCI. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular events, defined as a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction/repeat revascularization, readmission for severe deterioration of angina and readmission for new onset heart failure. Based on the median level of pre-PCI or post-PCI Ang-2, the patients were divided into a low level group and a high level group.
During the whole follow-up period (mean, 53 ± 13 months), Kaplan–Meier curves of cardiovascular events showed that there was no significant difference between the two pre-PCI groups (χ
2 = 2.22, P = .137, and log-rank test) or the two post-PCI groups (χ
2 = 2.83, P = .093, and log-rank test). However, in a multivariable Cox regression model, landmark analysis showed that the patients in high level group of post-PCI, not pre-PCI, were associated with remarkable higher risks of cardiovascular events compared to the low level group during the first 1.5 years of follow-up (adjusted HR = 9.99, 95%CI = 1.99–50.13, P = .005). However, that was of no significance from 1.5 years to maximum follow-up years (adjusted HR = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.26–2.59, P = .733).
High Ang-2 levels of post-PCI can predict the occurrence of cardiovascular events in the short to medium term.
Association between hepatitis B virus infection and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Du Ye , Zhang Shikun , Hu Mei , Wang Qiaomei , Liu Na , Shen Haiping , Zhang Yiping , Yan Donghai , Zhang Man 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to different types of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in clinical practice. However, HBV infection has been observed to have no significant association with CKD indicators in some epidemiological surveys. This research aims to estimate CKD prevalence in HBV infection population and clarify the relationship between HBV infection status and CKD.
The participants aged 20 to 49 years were selected by multistage random sampling from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 across 31 provinces and regions in rural China. The data was collected by standard questionnaire and physical check-up. Status of HBV infection was diagnosed as immune tolerant phase, hepatitis B envelope antigen -positive chronic HBV infection, inactive HBV carrier, hepatitis B envelope antigen -negative chronic HBV infection and resolved HBV infection based on serological markers, and the level of hepatic function, respectively.
In total, 2,969,502 subjects were included in the study. In population aged 20 to 49 years in rural China, prevalence of HBV infection was 12.17%. Prevalence of proteinuria, hematuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2 and CKD was 0.94%(95% CI = 0.91–0.97%) vs. 0.65%(95% CI = 0.64–0.66%), 1.92%(95% CI = 1.87–1.96%) vs. 1.19% (95% CI = 1.18–1.21%), 1.02%(95% CI = 0.99–1.06%) vs. 0.77% (95% CI = 0.76–0.78%), and 3.85%(95% CI = 3.78–3.91%) vs. 2.60%(95% CI = 2.58–2.62%) in population with HBV infection and without infection, respectively. Prevalence of CKD and indicators was higher in population in every status of HBV infection than in population without infection, respectively (all P < 0·0001). Every HBV infection status was a risk factor for CKD.
CKD prevalence was higher in population in every status of HBV infection than without infection. HBV infection was a risk factor for CKD in population aged 20 to 49 years in rural China.
Comparison of radiological outcomes and complications between single-level and multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) by using a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage–plate fusion system
Authors: Lee Han-Chung , Chen Chao-Hsuan , Wu Chih-Ying , Guo Jeng-Hung , Chen Yueh-Sheng 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the differences in radiological outcomes and complications between single- and multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) by using a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage–plate fusion system.
Fifty-seven patients who underwent ACDF via the PEEK cage–plate fusion system were enrolled and subjected to ≥6 months of follow-up. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to different cage–plate implantation levels: 1-level group (n = 17), 2-level group (n = 24), 3-level group (n = 12), and 4-level group (n = 4). Fusion time, changes in segment and global lordotic angle, subsidence rate, and changes in disc and adjacent segmental disc height were subjected to radiological evaluation.
The fusion period of multilevel ACDF was longer than that of single-level ACDF. The fusion period of the 3-level (4.09 ± 0.94, P = .004) and 4-level (5.25 ± 0.89, P = .004) group was also significantly longer than that of the 1-level group. The mean lordotic angle in all of the groups was changed in the immediate postoperative period and in the final follow-up. The cage subsidence rates were 11.76% (2/17) in the 1-level group, 20.83% (5/24) in the 2-level group, and 2/12 (16.67%) in the 3-level group. No subsidence occurred in the 4-level groups. Changes in the lower adjacent segmental disc height were significantly increased in multilevel ACDF compared with those in single-level ACDF.
Despite the longer fusion time, the outcomes of the proposed system were even better with the greater number of treatment levels by using PEEK cage–plate fusion system. Changes in the lower adjacent segmental disc height should also prolong follow-up duration to investigate the symptomatic adjacent segment degeneration in multilevel ACDF.
Risk factors for developing Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease
Authors: Kim Jin Hyoung , Seo Kwang Won , Shin Yongjoon , Oh Ji Seon , Jun Jae-Bum , Jeong Joseph , Sim Chang Sun , Baek Seunghee , Lee Taehoon , Ahn Jong Joon 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that development of Mycobacterium kansasii lung disease (MKLD) was associated with COPD, pneumoconiosis, aging, male, immunosuppression, alcohol, malignancy, and certain occupations such as mining and sandblasting. However, previous studies were outdated and used non-comparative statistical methods. We aimed to determine the current risk factors for developing MKLD in Korea by using appropriate statistical techniques.
Eighty-six MKLD patients were identified through a search of the Ulsan University Hospital database between January 2010 and December 2014. These cases were matched with 172 controls who had normal respiratory systems in a health examination during the same period (matching variables, age and sex; case: control ratio of 1:2). Clinical and demographic characteristics were gathered by reviewing the medical record and telephone survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors for developing MKLD.
Multivariate analysis showed that occupation in heavy industries (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 6.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.19−18.74, P = .001) and low body mass index (BMI) (aOR [per kg/m2] 0.73, 95% CI 0.63−0.85, P < .001) were independent risk factors for development of MKLD. Educational attainment more than high school was associated with a lower risk of MKLD development (aOR 0.22, 95% CI 0.08−0.63, P
= .005).
Employees in heavy industry and low BMI are independent risk factors for development of MKLD in Korea.
Sclerosing pneumocytoma mixed with a typical carcinoid tumor
Authors: Wang Zhao , Yang Mai-Qing , Huang Wen-Jing , Zhang Di , Xu Hong-Tao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Sclerosing pneumocytoma accompanied with other type of tumor in one patient is very rare. Here, we report a case of a sclerosing pneumocytoma mixed with a typical carcinoid tumor in a same neoplasm.

Patient concerns:
A 55-year-old woman incidentally detected a space-occupying lesion of right lung in routine health examination. The patient was asymptomatic and there were no positive findings in routine laboratory examination, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Computed tomography revealed a solitary round mass in the middle lobe of the right lung.

Diagnosis:
The lesion was diagnosed as a sclerosing pneumocytoma accompanied with a typical carcinoid tumor of the right lung.

Intervention:
The patient underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy in our hospital.

Outcomes:
The postoperative course was uneventful.

Lessons:
This case is rare and noteworthy for a lesion containing two different types of neoplasms, which may cause diagnostic difficulties.
Efficacy and safety of norepinephrine versus phenylephrine for the management of maternal hypotension during cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia
Authors: Xu Shiqin , Shen Xiaofeng , Liu Shijiang , Yang Jianjun , Wang Xian 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background:
Phenylephrine is the current “gold standard" vasopressor used to treat maternal hypotension in women undergoing cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia. Since 2015, various studies have explored the use of norepinephrine to manage maternal hypotension. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis of available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy and safety of norepinephrine and phenylephrine for the prevention and treatment of maternal hypotension.

Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase (Embase.com), and the Cochrane CENTRAL register of controlled trials. Parturients underwent cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia and received norepinephrine to prevent or treat hypotension were considered. Maternal outcomes, including incidences of hypotension, hypertension, bradycardia, intraoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV), maternal cardiac output (CO), and blood pressure (BP) control precision, as well as neonatal Apgar scores and umbilical cord blood analyses, were compared between groups.

Results:
Three RCTs in 4 reports published between 2015 and 2018 were finally identified with a total of 294 parturients. We found there was no difference in effectiveness between norepinephrine and phenylephrine for the treatment of maternal hypotension (odds ratio [OR] 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37–1.10, P = .11), and there was no difference in the occurrence of hypertension (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.33–1.62, P = .45). Of note, compared to the phenylephrine group, parturients in the norepinephrine group were less likely to experience bradycardia (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.12–0.68, P = .005) and IONV (OR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29–0.99, P = .04). Further, we did not observe a difference between the two vasopressors in the incidence of neonatal Apgar scores < 7 at 1  and 5 minutes or in umbilical vein (UV) blood gas. However, evidence is insufficient to draw conclusions regarding the greater maternal CO and better BP control precision with the use of norepinephrine.

Conclusion:
This systematic review and meta-analysis shows norepinephrine provides similar efficacy to manage maternal hypotension compared to phenylephrine; additionally, showing advantage regarding certain side effects like bradycardia and IONV reduction. Accordingly, norepinephrine is a promising alternative to phenylephrine. However, before routine clinical application, more studies are warranted.
Anxiolytic treatment but not anxiety itself causes hyponatremia among anxious patients
Authors: Gilboa Mayan , Koren Gideon , Katz Racheli , Melzer-Cohen Cheli , Shalev Varda , Grossman Ehud 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The aim of the study was to define whether anxiety itself or only the treatment with anxiolytic medication is risk factor for hyponatremia and overhydration.
A case–control study of patients with a diagnosis of anxiety who received a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Serum sodium, urea to creatinine ratio, and odds ratio (OR) of hyponatremia and overhydration before initiation of treatment were compared to those of a control group of participants. Laboratory tests were also examined for changes following treatment with an SSRI. All blood tests were conducted from January 1, 2001 until December 31, 2017. Subjects were selected from a large electronic database, insuring 2 million Israelis. A total of 7211 patients with a diagnosis of anxiety who have received a prescription for an SSRI were identified; 3634 were excluded mostly due to other conditions that could cause hyponatremia, and 3520 participants were included in the case group. The control group consisted of 6985 age and gender matched participants who did not have a diagnosis of anxiety or any other exclusion criteria.
Mean serum sodium levels were elevated in cases before the initiation of SSRIs; sodium: case 139.3 (137.3–141.3), control 139.2 (137.06–141.26) mmol/L (P = .01). The OR of hyponatremia was 0.89 for the case group (P = .004). Treatment with SSRIs decreased mean serum sodium (139.3–139.1 mmol/L; P = .0001) and increased by 50% the rate of hyponatremia (2.6–3.9% P = .024).
It is the use of SSRIs and not anxiety itself that causes hyponatremia among anxious patients.
Does Involuntary Admission With Bipolar Disorder Differ From Involuntary Admission With Schizophrenia and Related Disorders? A Report From the Dublin Involuntary Admission Study (DIAS)
Authors: KELLY BRENDAN D. , UMAMA-AGADA EMMANUEL , CURLEY AOIFE , DUFFY RICHARD M. , ASGHAR MUHAMMAD , GILHOOLEY JANE 
Published: January 2019

Background:
While involuntary psychiatric admission and treatment are common, little is known about what impact different diagnoses have on specific features of involuntary admission and on how involuntary status is terminated (eg, by psychiatrists or tribunals, which are independent, court-like bodies reviewing involuntary admissions).

Methods:
We studied 2940 admissions, 423 (14.4%) of which were involuntary, at 3 psychiatry units covering a population of 552,019 individuals in Dublin, Ireland.

Results:
Involuntary patients were more likely than voluntary patients to be male and unmarried. The median length of stay for involuntary patients was 27 days compared with 10 days for voluntary patients (P<0.001). Schizophrenia (and related disorders, including schizoaffective disorder) and bipolar disorder accounted for 58.6% and 17.3% of involuntary admissions, respectively, compared with 20.1% and 12.4% of voluntary admissions (P<0.001). Psychiatrists revoked the majority of involuntary orders for both patients with bipolar disorder (85.3%) and those with schizophrenia (and related disorders) (86.6%); in contrast, tribunals did not revoke any involuntary admission orders for patients with bipolar disorder and revoked orders for 3.8% of patients with schizophrenia (and related disorders) (P=0.034). On the basis of multivariable testing, increased age among patients with bipolar disorder was the only characteristic among those studied (sex, age, marital status, occupation, involuntary admission criteria, length of stay, method of involuntary order revocation, location) that independently distinguished involuntary patients with bipolar disorder from those with schizophrenia (and related disorders) (P=0.028).

Conclusions:
Involuntary admission of patients with bipolar disorder is similar in most respects to that of patients with schizophrenia (and related disorders). Consequently, it is important that measures aimed at reducing the need for involuntary admission (eg, patient advance statements/advance directives) are implemented equally across all diagnostic groups associated with involuntary care.
Second Opinions in Psychiatry: A Review
Authors: HEUSS SABINA C. , SCHWARTZ BRUCE J. , SCHNEEBERGER ANDRES R. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Although second opinions are rather restricted to the surgical disciplines, they have become more and more important to the health system in the last 20 years. The demand has been triggered by rising health costs and the economization of the field. The Internet has also made a considerable contribution to the demand for patient-initiated second opinions. Given these developments, it is surprising that second opinions have not become more important in the field of psychiatry. This article highlights the special situation of second opinions in psychiatry, discusses possible barriers to the adoption of second opinions in psychiatry, and the potential for greater use of second opinions in this field.

Objective:
In psychiatry, second opinions have been neglected by the typical drivers of innovations in health care, including insurers and other commercial drivers as well as psychiatrists and patients themselves. This review identifies current barriers to widespread adoption of second opinions in psychiatric practice, discusses the benefits of second opinions that have been demonstrated in other disciplines, and outlines the potential gains to be realized through use of second opinions in psychiatry.

Methods:
Literature in the area was reviewed through a search of the main medical databases. This literature review was supported by in-depth interviews with health care personnel and insurers.

Conclusions:
Second opinions are rarely obtained in psychiatry and there is little literature on this subject. The stigmatization of psychiatric disorders and patients and the uniqueness of the patient-doctor relationship in psychiatry, especially in psychotherapeutic care, may pose considerable obstacles to the use of second opinions in this field. In addition, more stakeholders, such as social workers, government agencies and regulators, health care and disability insurers, and social security agencies, are involved in the mental health compared with the somatic health sector, which may make it more difficult to achieve a coordinated approach in psychiatric care. However, we have found no convincingly good reason why second opinions have not been at least discussed in psychiatry. Psychiatry could benefit from ongoing discussions concerning the outcomes of second opinions in other medical disciplines.
Selection, succession and stabilization of soil microbial consortia
Authors: Zegeye Elias K. , Brislawn Colin J. , Farris Yuliya , Fansler Sarah J. , Hofmockel Kirsten S. , Jansson Janet K. , Wright Aaron T. , Graham Emily B. , Naylor Dan , McClure Ryan S. , Bernstein Hans C. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTSoil microorganisms play fundamental roles in cycling of soil carbon, nitrogen and other nutrients, yet we have a poor understanding of how soil microbiomes are shaped by their nutritional and physical environment. Here we investigated the successional dynamics of a soil microbiome during 21-weeks of enrichment on chitin and its monomer,N-acetylglucosamine. We examined succession of the soil communities in a physically heterogeneous soil matrix as well as a highly mixed liquid medium. The guiding hypothesis was that the initial species richness would influence the tendency for the selected consortia to stabilize and maintain relatively constant community structure over time. We also hypothesized that long term, substrate-driven growth would result in consortia with reduced species richness as compared to the parent microbiome and that this process would be deterministic with relatively little variation between replicates. We found that the initial species richness does influence the long-term community stability in both liquid media and soil and that lower initial richness results in a more rapid convergence to stability. Despite use of the same soil inoculum and access to the same major substrate, the resulting community composition differed greatly in soil compared to liquid medium. Hence, distinct selective pressures in soils relative to homogenous liquid media exist and can control community succession dynamics. This difference is likely related to the fact that soil microbiomes are more likely to thrive, with fewer compositional changes, in a soil matrix compared to liquid environments.IMPORTANCEThe soil microbiome carries out important ecosystem functions, but interactions between soil microbial communities have been difficult to study due to the high microbial diversity and complexity of the soil habitat. Here we successfully obtained stable consortia with reduced complexity that contained species found in the original source soil. These consortia and the methods used to obtain them can be a valuable resource for exploration of specific mechanisms underlying soil microbial community ecology. The results of this study also provide new experimental context to better inform how soil microbial communities are shaped by new environments and how a combination of initial taxonomic structure and physical environment influences stability.
Increased Replication of Dissimilatory Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria Leads to Decreased Anammox Bioreactor Performance
Authors: Keren Ray , Lawrence Jennifer E. , Zhuang Weiqin , Jenkins David , Banfield Jillian F. , Alvarez-Cohen Lisa , Zhou Lijie , Yu Ke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a biological process employed to remove reactive nitrogen from wastewater. While a substantial body of literature describes the performance of anammox bioreactors under various operational conditions and perturbations, few studies have resolved the metabolic roles of their core microbial community members.ResultsHere, we used metagenomics to study the microbial community of a laboratory-scale anammox bioreactor from inoculation, through a performance destabilization event, to robust steady-state performance. Metabolic analyses revealed that nutrient acquisition from the environment is selected for in the anammox community. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) was the primary nitrogen removal pathway that competed with anammox. Increased replication of bacteria capable of DNRA led to the out-competition of annamox bacteria, and the loss of the bioreactor’s nitrogen removal capacity. These bacteria were highly associated with the anammox bacterium and considered part of the core microbial community.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of metabolic interdependencies related to nitrogen- and carbon-cycling within anammox bioreactors and the potentially detrimental effects of bacteria that are otherwise considered core microbial community members.