bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erhebung von Ansätzen guter Praxis zur Integration Suchtkranker ins Erwerbsleben nach dem SGB II
Authors: Henke Jutta , Henkel Dieter , Nägele Barbara , Wagner Alexandra 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Es wurde untersucht, welcher Umsetzungsstand bei der Integration Suchtkranker ins Erwerbsleben im Rahmen des SGB II unter dem Blickwinkel guter Praxis im Jahr 2016 erreicht wurde und ob sich die Praxis der Jobcenter seit der ersten Studie zu diesem Thema im Jahr 2009 weiterentwickelt hat.
Methode Im Zentrum stand eine bundesweite standardisierte Online-Befragung der Jobcenter, von denen sich 325 (80%) von insgesamt 408 beteiligten. Gegenstand der Befragung waren: die personelle Ausstattung der Jobcenter, suchtspezifische Schulung der Fachkräfte, Fachkonzeptentwicklung, Kooperation mit der Suchtberatung, Verfahren zum Erkennen von Suchtproblemen, Umgang mit Sanktionen, Netzwerke im regionalen sozialen Hilfesystem, Kooperation mit der Suchtrehabilitation, Maßnahmen zur Gesundheitsförderung, Beschäftigungs- und Qualifizierungsmaßnahmen und Integration der suchtkranken SGB II-Beziehenden in Arbeit.
Ergebnisse Im Vergleich zu 2009 lassen sich 2016 teils deutliche, teils leichte Fortschritte in der Praxis der Jobcenter erkennen. So fiel auch die Einschätzung der Integrationschancen in den ersten Arbeitsmarkt durch die Jobcenter-Fachkräfte deutlich weniger pessimistisch aus. Keine Verbesserungen sind eingetreten u. a. beim Erkennen von Suchtproblemen und der Bearbeitung der Schnittstelle zur Suchtrehabilitation. In die lokalen sozialen Netzwerke sind die Jobcenter dagegen inzwischen gut eingebunden und kooperieren mit vielen externen Akteurinnen und Akteuren.
Schlussfolgerungen Es besteht in vielerlei Hinsicht nach wie vor großer Handlungsbedarf.
Health effects of banning beehive coke ovens and implementation of the ban in China
Authors: Xu Yang , Shen Huizhong , Yun Xiao , Gao Fei , Chen Yilin , Li Bengang , Liu Junfeng , Ma Jianmin , Wang Xilong , Liu Xueping , Tian Chongguo , Xing Baoshan , Tao Shu 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceAt present, many environmental laws and regulations are enforced in China, but they are often not well evaluated for their performance. In this study, the health effects of beehive coke oven operations, the ban of the ovens, and the slow implementation of the ban were assessed quantitatively, showing the importance of not only the legislation but also the implementation of the law. This study provides a good example that shows how environmental legislation and implementation can be evaluated to scientifically support decision making.
OCT4/POU5F1 is required for NANOG expression in bovine blastocysts
Authors: Simmet Kilian , Zakhartchenko Valeri , Philippou-Massier Julia , Blum Helmut , Klymiuk Nikolai , Wolf Eckhard 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceStudies of mammalian development are mostly performed in the mouse model, where reverse genetics is most advanced. Recent developments in gene editing, including CRISPR-Cas9, facilitated functional studies of specific genes in other mammalian species and revealed important differences (e.g., between human and murine development). In this study, we generated loss-of-function mutations of theOCT4gene in bovine fibroblasts and produced embryos by nuclear transfer cloning. We demonstrated that, similar to human development but in contrast to mouse development, OCT4 is required for maintaining NANOG-positive epiblast cells in the inner cell mass of blastocysts. Our study outlines a general strategy for dissecting the roles of specific genes in preimplantation development in domestic species.
Population trends in
Vermivora
warblers are linked to strong migratory connectivity
Authors: Kramer Gunnar R. , Andersen David E. , Buehler David A. , Wood Petra B. , Peterson Sean M. , Lehman Justin A. , Aldinger Kyle R. , Bulluck Lesley P. , Harding Sergio , Jones John A. , Loegering John P. , Smalling Curtis , Vallender Rachel , Streby Henry M. 
Published: February 2018

Significance
Identifying drivers of population trends in migratory animals is difficult due to their reliance on different geographic regions throughout the annual cycle. Populations of Nearctic–Neotropical migratory birds are often thought to be limited by spatial variation in factors affecting reproduction and survival during the breeding season. We tracked individual songbirds from a two-species complex of New World warblers and discovered unequivocal evidence of a system in which strong associations between breeding areas and nonbreeding areas (i.e., migratory connectivity) is concordant with breeding population trends. The strong migratory connectivity we documented is associated with differential rates of land-use change in population-specific nonbreeding areas. Our results suggest that other migratory species with similar population trends may also exhibit strong migratory connectivity.
Optimal multiguidance integration in insect navigation
Authors: Hoinville Thierry , Wehner Rüdiger 
Published: February 2018

Significance
The discovery of “place cells,” “grid cells,” and other spatial cells in the rodent’s forebrain has strengthened the idea that animals navigate their home range environments thanks to a “cognitive map.” Tiny-brained insects, like bees, are also thought to use such a centralized metric mental representation. However, downstream optimal combination of two decentralized guidance routines suffices to explain multiple experimental results obtained in bees and ants. We show that these insect navigators behave analogously to particles oriented by a global elastic force and local magnetic forces directed to the goal. As if equipped with both Ariadne’s thread and Hansel-and-Gretel’s pebbles, insects seem to know where to go rather than where they are on a map.
Changement grammatical et discursif en français multiculturel de la région parisienne
Authors: Secova Maria 
Published: February 2018

RésuméCet article cherche à comparer la variation et le changement dans deux domaines linguistiques, à savoir la grammaire et le discours. Il présente les résultats du projet « Multicultural London English – Multicultural Paris French » et s’interroge sur les différences dans l’usage des traits innovants et leur corrélation avec certaines catégories sociales. Du côté grammatical, la recherche se concentre en particulier sur l’usage des interrogatives indirectesin situtelles queje sais pas c’est quietje sais ça veut dire quoi,fréquemment utilisées à l’oral chez certains locuteurs. Du côté pragmatico-discursif, elle discute de l’utilisation des particules d’extension (et tout, et tout ça). L’étude révèle que la distribution des innovations discursives n’est pas la même que celle des innovations grammaticales, dont l’usage est davantage clivé en fonction des catégories sociales. L’article tente d’apporter des éclairages sur les processus de grammaticalisation et de changement, en s’interrogeant sur l’existence d’un français multiculturel typiquement « jeune » ou typiquement « parisien ».
Grammaticalization across Romance languages and the pace of language change
Authors: Lamiroy Béatrice , Pineda Anna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGrammaticalization across Romance languages and the pace of language change. The position of Catalan.In several works on grammaticalization, one of the authors of this paper has established a grammaticalization cline which posits three major Romance languages: French at one extreme, Spanish at the other, and Italian in between (Lamiroy, 1999,2001,2003,2011,Lamiroy & De Mulder, 2011,De Mulder & Lamiroy, 2012,Van de Velde & Lamiroy, 2017). Our purpose is to place Catalan on this cline. To achieve our goal, we use data of Catalan related to several topics, viz. auxiliaries, past tense, existential sentences, mood and demonstratives. Catalan shows contradictory evidence: whereas the grammaticalization process in certain domains suggests that it parallels Spanish and Italian, in many others, it patterns with French. Thus the hypothesis for which we provide evidence here is the following cline : French > Catalan > Italian > Spanish.
Between feminism and unionism: the struggle for socio-economic dignity of working-class women in pre- and post-uprising Tunisia
Authors: Debuysere Loes 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Generally seen as a pawn in the identity struggle between so-called secular and Islamist political actors, the women's question in Tunisia has received little attention from a class perspective since the 2010–11 uprising. Yet, over recent years, working-class women have been highly visible during protests, strikes and sit-ins of a socio-economic nature, implicitly illustrating how class and gender grievances intersect. Against the background of the global feminisation of poverty and a changing political economy of the North African region over recent decades, this article builds on Nancy Fraser's theory of (gender) justice to understand if and how women's informal and revolutionary demands have been included in more formal politics and civil society activism in Tunisia. The article finds that disassociated struggles against patriarchy (feminism) and neoliberal capitalism (unionism) fail to efficiently represent women workers’ own aspirations in Tunisia's nascent democracy.
The crowding in hypothesis revisited: new insights into the impact of social protection expenditure on informal social capital
Authors: Visser Mark , Gesthuizen Maurice , Scheepers Peer 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
This study revisits the crowding in hypothesis and contributes to the literature in two ways. First, in addition to total social spending, we examine whether different types of social spending increase social capital among their target groups. Second, we distinguish within- from between-country effects of social spending. Data from the European Social Survey are analysed with logistic multilevel regression models. We analyse two indicators of informal social capital: having social contact with friends, family or work colleagues and having anyone to discuss intimate and personal matters with. The results show that the more governments spend on social protection, the more likely people within those countries are to have social and intimate contact. The results also demonstrate that within-country effects of the types of social spending on having social contact disappear once we control for unobserved heterogeneity between countries. Yet, within countries with higher social spending on sickness/health care, old age and social exclusion, we find that these specific expenditures facilitate intimate contact among people in bad health, retirees and people who are having difficulties living on their present income, respectively. Overall, the crowding in hypothesis is supported. We conclude that it is important to examine the types of social spending and to distinguish within- and between-country effects.
Extracellular vesicles: the growth as diagnostics and therapeutics; a survey
Authors: Roy Sabrina , Hochberg Fred H. , Jones Pamela S. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThis article aims to document the growth in extracellular vesicle (EV) research. Here, we report the growth in EV‐related studies, patents, and grants as well as emerging companies with major intent on exosomes. Four different databases were utilized for electronic searches of published literature: two general databases – Scopus/Elsevier and Web of Science (WoS), as well as two specialized US government databases – the USA Patent and Trademark Office and National Institutes of Health (NIH) of the Department of Health and Human Services. The applied combination of key words was carefully chosen to cover the most commonly used terms in titles of publications, patents and grants dealing with conceptual areas of EVs. Within the time frame from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2016, limited to articles published in English, we identified output using search strategies based upon Scopus/Elsevier and WoS, patent filings and NIH Federal Reports of funded grants. Consistently, USA and UK universities are the most frequent among the top 15 affiliations/organizations of the authors of the identified records. There is clear evidence of upward streaming of EV‐related publications. By documenting the growth of the EV field, we hope to encourage a roster of independent authorities skilled to provide peer review of manuscripts, evaluation of grant applications, support of foundation initiatives and corporate long‐term planning. It is important to encourage EV research to further identify biomarkers in diseases and allow for the development of adequate diagnostic tools that could distinguish disease subpopulations and enable personalized treatment of patients.
Bilateral asynchronous sudden sensorineural hearing loss and bilateral superior semicircular canal dehiscence** Institution where the work was done
Authors: Ibrahim Iman , Sweet Robert 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
To describe a case of bilateral asynchronous sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in a patient with bilateral superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD).

Study design:
Case report and review of the literature.

Results:
A 38-year-old male, with prior SSNHL in the left ear, presented with SSNHL in the right ear. The patient had a sense of disequilibrium, but no spinning vertigo. The physical examination revealed only bilateral hearing loss at the audiometric tests and nasal polyposis. The audiogram revealed severe SNHL with fair speech discrimination on the left, and severe-to-moderately severe SNHL with good speech discrimination on the right. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were absent. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) thresholds were reduced and amplitudes elevated bilaterally. Electronystagmography (ENG) revealed bilateral hypoactive caloric responses. Blood tests were significant for elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, IgE, and mumps IgG titer. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was unremarkable except for sinonasal disease and a suggestion of bilateral SSCD which was confirmed by high-resolution computed tomography.

Conclusion:
We report a case of a bilateral SSCD associated with bilateral asynchronous SSNHL. SSCD should be considered in the differential diagnosis of SSNHL.
SECLAF: a webserver and deep neural network design tool for hierarchical biological sequence classification
Authors: Szalkai Balázs , Grolmusz Vince 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Summary
Artificial intelligence tools are gaining more and more ground each year in bioinformatics. Learning algorithms can be taught for specific tasks by using the existing enormous biological databases, and the resulting models can be used for the high-quality classification of novel, un-categorized data in numerous areas, including biological sequence analysis. Here, we introduce SECLAF, a webserver that uses deep neural networks for hierarchical biological sequence classification. By applying SECLAF for residue-sequences, we have reported [Methods (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.06.034] the most accurate multi-label protein classifier to date (UniProt—into 698 classes—AUC 99.99%; Gene Ontology—into 983 classes—AUC 99.45%). Our framework SECLAF can be applied for other sequence classification tasks, as we describe in the present contribution.

Availability and implementation
The program SECLAF is implemented in Python, and is available for download, with example datasets at the website https://pitgroup.org/seclaf/. For Gene Ontology and UniProt based classifications a webserver is also available at the address above.
Mediators of the Effect of Childhood Socioeconomic Status on Late Midlife Cognitive Abilities: A Four Decade Longitudinal Study
Authors: Beck Asad , Franz Carol E , Xian Hong , Vuoksimaa Eero , Tu Xin , Reynolds Chandra A , Panizzon Matthew S , McKenzie Ruth M , Lyons Michael J , Toomey Rosemary , Jacobson Kristen C , Hauger Richard L , Hatton Sean N , Kremen William S 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) is found to predict later-life cognitive abilities, yet the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. The objective of this longitudinal study was to examine the direct and indirect paths through which cSES influences late midlife cognitive outcomes.

Research Design and Methods
Participants were 1,009 male twins in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). At mean ages 20 and 62, participants completed a standardized test for general cognitive ability (GCA). The age 62 cognitive assessment also included in-person tests of processing speed, episodic memory, abstract reasoning, working memory, verbal fluency, visual-spatial ability, and executive functions. At mean age 56, participants were interviewed regarding their own and their parents’ education and occupation, and completed questionnaires about cognitive leisure activities and sociodemographic information. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to examine the direct path effects and indirect path effects of cSES through age 20 GCA, adult SES, and cognitive leisure activities on seven cognitive outcomes at age 62, adjusting for age, ethnicity, and non-independence of observations.

Results
Total (direct plus indirect) effects were significant for all measures with the exception of executive functions. Men from lower cSES backgrounds had poorer cognitive functioning in late midlife. The direct effect of cSES was partially mediated for abstract reasoning, and was fully mediated for the remaining six cognitive outcomes. Total indirect effects accounted for at least half of the total effects in each model, with paths through age 20 GCA explaining most of the total indirect effects.

Discussion and Implications
cSES predicted cognitive functioning in late middle age Using multiple mediation models, we show that lower cSES predicts poorer cognition in late midlife primarily through young adult cognitive ability and to a lesser extent through SES in adulthood and engagement in cognitively stimulating activities.
Using social norms theory for health promotion in low-income countries
Authors: Cislaghi Beniamino , Heise Lori 
Published: February 2018

SummarySocial norms can greatly influence people’s health-related choices and behaviours. In the last few years, scholars and practitioners working in low- and mid-income countries (LMIC) have increasingly been trying to harness the influence of social norms to improve people’s health globally. However, the literature informing social norm interventions in LMIC lacks a framework to understand how norms interact with other factors that sustain harmful practices and behaviours. This gap has led to short-sighted interventions that target social norms exclusively without a wider awareness of how other institutional, material, individual and social factors affect the harmful practice. Emphasizing norms to the exclusion of other factors might ultimately discredit norms-based strategies, not because they are flawed but because they alone are not sufficient to shift behaviour. In this paper, we share a framework (already adopted by some practitioners) that locates norm-based strategies within the wider array of factors that must be considered when designing prevention programmes in LMIC.
Social media and health information sharing among Australian Indigenous people
Authors: Hefler Marita , Kerrigan Vicki , Henryks Joanna , Freeman Becky , Thomas David P 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDespite the enormous potential of social media for health promotion, there is an inadequate evidence base for how they can be used effectively to influence behaviour. In Australia, research suggests social media use is higher among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people than the general Australian population; however, health promoters need a better understanding of who uses technologies, how and why. This qualitative study investigates what types of health content are being shared among Aboriginal and Torres Strait people through social media networks, as well as how people engage with, and are influenced by, health-related information in their offline life. We present six social media user typologies together with an overview of health content that generated significant interaction. Content ranged from typical health-related issues such as mental health, diet, alcohol, smoking and exercise, through to a range of broader social determinants of health. Social media-based health promotion approaches that build on the social capital generated by supportive online environments may be more likely to generate greater traction than confronting and emotion-inducing approaches used in mass media campaigns for some health topics.
The origin of recombining plasma and the detection of the Fe-K line in the supernova remnant W 28
Authors: Okon Hiromichi , Uchida Hiroyuki , Tanaka Takaaki , Matsumura Hideaki , Tsuru Takeshi Go 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Overionized recombining plasmas (RPs) have been discovered from a dozen mixed-morphology (MM) supernova remnants (SNRs). However, their formation process is still under debate. As pointed out by many previous studies, spatial variations of plasma temperature and ionization state provide clues to understanding the physical origin of RPs. We report on spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of W 28, which is one of the largest MM SNRs found in our Galaxy. Two observations with Suzaku XIS cover the center of W 28 to the northeastern rim where the shock is interacting with molecular clouds. The X-ray spectra in the inner regions are reproduced well by a combination of two RP models with different temperatures and ionization states, whereas that in the northeastern rim is explained with a single RP model. Our discovery of the RP in the northeastern rim suggests an effect of thermal conduction between the cloud and hot plasma, which may be the production process of the RP. The X-ray spectrum of the northeastern rim also shows an excess emission of the Fe i K α line. The most probable process to explain the line would be inner shell ionization of Fe in the molecular cloud by cosmic ray particles accelerated in W 28.
Repeating and non-repeating fast radio bursts from binary neutron star mergers
Authors: Yamasaki Shotaro , Totani Tomonori , Kiuchi Kenta 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Most fast radio bursts (FRB) do not show evidence of repetition, and such non-repeating FRBs may be produced at the time of a merger of binary neutron stars (BNS), provided that the BNS merger rate is close to the high end of the currently possible range. However, the merger environment is polluted by dynamical ejecta, which may prohibit the radio signal from propagating. We examine this by using a general-relativistic simulation of a BNS merger, and show that the ejecta appears about 1 ms after the rotation speed of the merged star becomes the maximum. Therefore there is a time window in which an FRB signal can reach outside, and the short duration of non-repeating FRBs can be explained by screening after ejecta formation. A fraction of BNS mergers may leave a rapidly rotating and stable neutron star, and such objects may be the origin of repeating FRBs like FRB 121102. We show that a merger remnant would appear as a repeating FRB on a time scale of ∼1–10 yr, and expected properties are consistent with the observations of FRB 121102. We construct an FRB rate evolution model that includes these two populations of repeating and non-repeating FRBs from BNS mergers, and show that the detection rate of repeating FRBs relative to non-repeating ones rapidly increases with improving search sensitivity. This may explain why only the repeating FRB 121102 was discovered by the most sensitive FRB search with Arecibo. Several predictions are made, including the appearance of a repeating FRB 1–10 yr after a BNS merger that is localized by gravitational waves and subsequent electromagnetic radiation.