bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levelling the playing field? Active labour market policies, educational attainment and unemployment
Authors: Benda Luc , Koster Ferry , van der Veen Romke J. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how active labour market policy (ALMP) training programmes and hiring subsidies increase or decrease differences in the unemployment risk between lesser and higher educated people during an economic downturn. A focus is put on potential job competition dynamics and cumulative (dis)advantages of the lesser and higher educated.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses multi-level data. The fifth wave (2010) of the European Social Survey was used and combined with macro-level data on labour market policies of the OECD. The sample consisted of 18,172 observations in 19 countries.FindingsThe results show that higher levels of participation and spending on training policies are related to a smaller difference in the unemployment risks of the educational groups. Higher training policy intensity is associated with a lower unemployment risk for the lesser educated and a higher unemployment risk for the higher educated. This implies that the lesser educated are better able to withstand downward pressure from the higher educated, thereby, reducing downward displacement during an economic downturn. Hiring subsidies do not seem to be associated with the impact of education on unemployment.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the discussion on ALMP training and hiring subsidies that are primarily rooted in the human capital theory and signalling theory. Both theories ignore the social context of labour market behaviour. The job competition theory and cumulative (dis)advantage theory add to these theories by focussing on the relative position of individuals and the characteristics that accompany the social position of the individual.
Stock prices, exchange rates and portfolio equity flows
Authors: Andriansyah Andriansyah , Messinis George 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a new framework to test the hypothesis that portfolio model predicts a negative correlation between stock prices and exchange rates in a trivariate transmission channel for foreign portfolio equity investment.Design/methodology/approachThis paper utilizes panel data for eight economies to extend the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) Granger non-causality test of heterogeneous panels to a trivariate model by integrating the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) approach to Granger causality.FindingsThe evidence suggests that stock prices Granger-cause exchange rates and portfolio equity flows Granger-cause exchange rates. However, the overall panel evidence casts doubt on the explicit trivariate model of portfolio balance model. The study shows that Indonesia may be the only case where stock prices affect exchange rates through portfolio equity flows.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed test does not account for potential asymmetries or structural shifts associated with the crisis period. To isolate the impact of the Asian Financial crisis, this paper rather splits the sample period into two sub-periods: pre- and post-crises. The sample period and countries are also limited due to the use of the balance of payment statistics.Practical implicationsThe study casts doubt on the maintained hypothesis of a trivariate transmission channel, as posited by the portfolio model. Policy makers of an economy may integrate capital market and fiscal policies in order to maintain stable exchange rate.Originality/valueThis paper integrates a portfolio equity inflow variable into a single framework with stock price and exchange rate variables. It extends the Dumitrescu and Hurlin’s (2012) bivariate stationary Granger non-causality test in heterogeneous panels to a trivariate setting in the framework of Toda and Yamamoto (1995).
Expected maintenance waste reduction benefits after implementation of Just in Time (JIT) philosophy in maintenance (a statistical analysis)
Authors: Phogat Sandeep , Gupta Anil Kumar 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The maintenance department of today, like many other departments, is under sustained pressure to slash costs, show outcome and support the assignment of the organization, as it is a commonsensical prospect from the business perspective. The purpose of this paper is to examine expected maintenance waste reduction benefits in the maintenance of organizations after the implementation of just-in-time (JIT) managerial philosophy. For this, a structured questionnaire was designed and sent to the 421 industries in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The designed questionnaire was divided into two sections A and B to assist data interpretation. The aim of the section A was to build general information of participants, type of organization, number of employees, annual turnover of the organization, etc. Section B was also a structured questionnaire developed based on a five-point Likert scale. The identified critical elements of the JIT were included in the questionnaire to identify the maintenance waste reduction benefits in the maintenance of organizations.

Findings
On the basis of the 133 responses, hypothesis testing was done with the help of Z-test, and it was found out that in maintenance, we can reduce a large inventory of spare parts and also shorten the excessive maintenance activities due to the implementation of JIT philosophy. All the four wastes: waste of processing; waste of rejects/rework/scrap in case of poor maintenance; waste of the transport of spares, and waste of motion, have approximately equal weightage in their reduction. Waste of waiting for spares got the last rank, which showed that there are little bit chances in the reduction of waiting for spares after the implementation of JIT philosophy in maintenance.

Practical implications
The implication of the research findings for maintenance of organizations is that if maintenance practitioners implement elements of JIT philosophy in maintenance then there will be a great reduction in the maintenance wastes.

Originality/value
This paper will be abundantly useful for the maintenance professionals, researchers and others concerned with maintenance to understand the significance of JIT philosophy implementation to get the expected reduction benefits in maintenance wastes of organizations which will be helpful in the great saving of maintenance cost and time side by side great increment in the availability of machines.
Long‐term efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Japanese patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis: 3‐year results of a double‐blind extension study
Authors: Okubo Yukari , Ohtsuki Mamitaro , Morita Akimichi , Yamaguchi Masako , Shima Tomohiro , Tani Yumiko , Nakagawa Hidemi ,   Extension Study Japanese Subgroup
Published: January 2019

AbstractSecukinumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody neutralizing interleukin‐17A, has been shown to have significant efficacy in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Long‐term (3‐year) efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Japanese patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were evaluated in an extension study of a large phase 3 global study (SCULPTURE). In the core study, 52 Japanese patients with 75% improvement of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI‐75) response at week 12 were re‐randomized to a fixed interval (FI; every 4 weeks) schedule and retreatment as needed (RAN), in which patients received placebo until start of relapse, at which time secukinumab was reinitiated. Fifty Japanese patients completed the 52‐week core study, and 47 patients entered the extension study with the same double‐blind regimens up to week 152. All patients in the secukinumab 300 mg FI and seven patients in 150 mg FI groups completed 3 years of treatment. PASI‐90 and ‐100 at the end of year 3 were achieved in 69.2% and 53.8%, respectively, in 300 mg FI and 42.9% and 42.9%, respectively, in 150 mg FI, indicating high sustained response in 300 mg FI. Mean absolute PASI was continually low in 300 mg FI and numerically higher in 150 mg FI. Dermatology Life Quality Index of 0/1 was maintained by approximately two‐thirds of 300 mg FI patients, and all EuroQoL 5‐Dimension Health Questionnaire domain measures were also improved. FI dosing was consistently more efficacious than RAN. The safety profile of secukinumab remained favorable, with no new safety concerns identified.
Factors influencing the successful transition of young people with Down syndrome
Authors: Mullan Patricia , Prendeville Paula , Kinsella William 
Published: January 2019

This study explored parental experiences and factors impacting on the successful transitioning of young people with Down syndrome from primary to mainstream secondary school settings in Ireland. This qualitative study used semi‐structured interviews to examine the perspectives of parents (N = 5) and secondary school teachers (N = 3) regarding this transition process. Interviews were analysed via thematic analysis using a social constructionist perspective. Results revealed that open communication between parents and schools was a significant factor impacting positively on the experience. However, results also indicated that a balancing act was required to manage factors such as parental fears and expectations, educational resources and the challenges in supporting the child to navigate the social world of mainstream schools. Findings identify challenges to the successful inclusion of young people with Down syndrome at secondary‐school level. Recommendations are made for future research.
Health information work and the enactment of care in couples and families affected by Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mazanderani Fadhila , Hughes Nicholas , Hardy Claire , Sillence Elizabeth , Powell John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGiven the considerable emphasis placed on informed choice, the management of health information has become an increasingly important part of living with chronic illness. This paper explores the intra‐familial dynamics of managing health information in the context of chronic illness. Drawing on 77 interviews with people affected by Multiple Sclerosis in theUK(patients, partners, family members and close friends), we show how families develop their own idiosyncratic information practices, including the careful, at times strategic, seeking, sharing and withholding of information. We describe how one individual, most commonly either the patient or their partner, often takes primary responsibility for managing growing quantities of health information. Doing this is a complex task, yet its dynamics within the family unit remain invisible and unacknowledged. In this paper we: (a) stress the importance of understanding information management in chronic illness as a collective process across all those affected, patients as well as carers; (b) conceptualise the process of managing health information in this context as ‘health information work’; and (c) analyse it as part of the wider care practices families engage in and as a form of care in its own right.
How clients solicit medication changes in psychiatry
Authors: Bolden Galina B. , Angell Beth , Hepburn Alexa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn psychiatry, practitioners are encouraged to adopt a patient‐centred approach that emphasises shared decision‐making. In this article, we investigate how clients with severe mental illnesses (e.g. schizophrenia) advocate for their treatment preferences in psychiatric consultations. The study uses Conversation Analysis to examine audio‐recorded medication check appointments in a comprehensive treatment programme known as assertive community treatment (ACT). The analysis shows that clients solicit medication changes at activity boundaries and design them in one of the following ways: reporting a physical problem; reporting a medication problem; explicitly requesting a medication change; and demanding a change. These formats put pressure on the psychiatrist to respond by either offering a solution to the client's problem or by accepting or rejecting the client's request. Through a detailed analysis of clients’ communicative behaviours, we show that, in soliciting a medication change, clients ordinarily respect boundaries of medical authority and present themselves as ‘good’ patients who are reliable witnesses of their own experiences. Overall, the paper advances our understanding of patient advocacy in psychiatry and mental health interactions more generally.
“Cloud chasers” and “substitutes”: e‐cigarettes, vaping subcultures and vaper identities
Authors: Tokle Rikke , Pedersen Willy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe use of e‐cigarettes is increasing, a practice denoted as vaping. We explore user motives, self‐identity as vapers and involvement in vaping subcultures, drawing on sociological theory of stigma, subcultures and symbolic boundaries. Based on analyses of semi‐structured interviews with 30 Norwegian vapers, we find that there is a vaping subculture in Norway. We identify two dominant vaper identities. The first is labelled cloud chasers. These were dedicated vapers who identified with symbols and values in the subculture. Many were politically engaged in improving vaping regulation regimes and felt a sense of belonging to a vaping community. The second group is labelled substitutes. These were former daily smokers who used e‐cigarettes for smoking cessation in a more pragmatic and defensive manner, to avoid health risks, to escape the stigma of smoking and to manage nicotine addiction. In this group, self‐identity as a vaper was generally lacking. Vaping was often symbolically linked to the stigmatised smoker identity they wanted to escape, and was restricted to private contexts. The perceived symbolic meaning of e‐cigarettes varies: for some, they are a symbol of pleasure and community. For others, they connote the stigmatised status of the addicted smoker seeking an alternative to cigarettes.
A Tale of Three SENCOS, post 2015 Reforms
Authors: Whalley Sara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article forms part of a Masters Inclusive Education research project. Whilst most inclusive research focuses on a marginalised group, my research participants would not normally be deemed marginalised. Nevertheless, they have a pivotal role within the English mainstream education system to promote inclusive practice, improving outcomes for the most vulnerable young people. For this reason, I intend to explore the role of three Special Educational Needs Co‐ordinators (SENCOs) post 2015 reforms and firmly believe this is fundamentally inclusive research.
Can I Get a Witness? The Limits of Evidence in Healthcare Quality Evaluation Systems in American Hospitals
Authors: FERRIS LINDSAY , CARELOCK NICHOLE 
Published: January 2019

“I got verbals, but verbals don't hold up in court….I need it in black and white.”After Sheila submits hospital quality data to the Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS), reports indicate that her data hasn't been received. She makes countless calls to the CMS Help Desk to get answers. They reassure her numerous times that they have her data, yet Sheila is insistent that she needs to see the change explicitly stated in the report. Sheila makes it her personal crusade to obtain material evidence because only written testimony will prove that her data has been submitted successfully and protect her facility from CMS penalties.At a time when we are becoming increasingly reliant on data and technology as the ultimate bearers of truth, Sheila exemplifies how people become stewards of evidence in service to these technical systems. As she moves her facilities’ data through CMS’ error‐ridden reporting system, the burden of proof is on her to provide the type of evidence acceptable to demonstrate her facilities’ compliance with federal quality of care standards.Throughout our paper, we explore the different practices that hospital employees and vendors take to demonstrate their facility's quality of care to CMS, identifying key elements of materiality, evidence and moral obligation. By weaving together their narratives of a responsibility to prove their truth to a capricious, data‐driven system, with theoretical concepts of “bearing witness” and governmentality, we reveal the ways in which digital data falls short of being sufficient evidence and the dangers inherent in shifting blame from a body of government onto the body of an individual.
Map Making: Mobilizing Local Knowledge and Fostering Collaboration
Authors: MORALES NORA , GONZALEZ SALOMON 
Published: January 2019

Participatory mapping – the production of maps in a collective way – is a common activity used for planning and decision making in urban studies. It started as a way to empower men and women, usually from rural vulnerable communities threatened by climate change, degradation of their landfills or any other conflict related to access to their land. It has been considered a fundamental instrument to help marginal groups represent and communicate their needs within the territory and augment their capacity to protect their rights. (FIDA, 2011). Why is it that in some cases participatory mapping works and in others fails? Why do these initiatives not trigger local action? Or even end up being counterproductive, when authorities use the map made by locals, to validate their points, causing conflict instead of negotiation?As a research team of designers and social scientists involved in the creation of participatory mapping workshops, our goal was to analyze the process and resources and different outcomes of some participatory cartographic projects, including one developed by us for three small communities of the original settlements of the West Mountain Region of Mexico City.Our findings outline three main principles to consider when pursuing a community mapping project whether using low‐end or state of the art technology, in order to involve a community, validate their knowledge acquired from the mapping practice, and foster collaboration and organized action.
Eye Tracking in Medical Ethnography: Evaluating Evidence for Perception, Action, and Collaboration in Healthcare Professions
Authors: MCGRATH LARRY S. 
Published: January 2019

Using eye tracking in ethnographic research poses numerous theoretical and practical challenges. How might devices originally intended to record individuals’ vision of two‐dimensional planes be useful in interpersonal contexts with dynamic visual interfaces? What would the technology reveal about collegial environments in which different levels of knowledge and expertise come together and inform decision‐making processes? Why would pupil movement show us anything that conventional ethnographic methods could not? In this paper, I argue that these challenges are not intractable. When tailored to specific questions about perception, action, and collaboration, eye trackers can reveal behaviors that elude ethnographers’ gaze. In so doing, the devices enrich the observational and interview‐based methods already employed in ethnographic studies of workplace dynamics.Hospitals are a fruitful context in which to test the value of eye‐tracking evidence. Healthcare professionals look, interpret, and act on wide‐ranging streams of visual information. The focus of this paper is to explore the possibility of carrying out potential fieldwork in pulmonology suites. I put forward a hypothetical eye‐tracking framework to interrogate: 1) the different perceptual skillsets exhibited by pulmonologists; 2) the collaborative decision‐making practices by which medical teams interpret monitors’ bronchoscopic imagery and perform lung biopsies. According to this model, optical evidence (i.e., fixation durations, scan paths, and heat maps) could demonstrate not only how healthcare professionals look at visual interfaces; the evidence could be especially useful to show when and where vision runs aground. Such gaps in eye‐tracking data illuminate additional sensory systems which facilitate information consumption and exchange. When brought to bear on potential fieldwork, the eye‐tracking model offers an incisive point of departure for ethnographers to investigate, observe, and present questions about peoples’ perceptual expertise.Far from opening a glimpse “inside” peoples’ heads, eye trackers add one perspective among others. When accommodated to the mobile conditions of immersive research, the technology offers a modest, though useful, contribution to ethnographers’ toolkit.
Getting from Vision to Reality: How Ethnography and Prototyping Can Solve Late‐Stage Design Challenges
Authors: SIH BRADY , CAREY HILLARY , LIN MICHAEL C. 
Published: January 2019

In 2014, Kaiser Permanente began implementing a next‐generation medical office model that reimagines the outpatient care experience, combining new architecture, workflow, and technology to create a more convenient experience for patients and a connected, efficient experience for staff and care teams. As the first next‐gen facilities were being built, challenges emerged as teams across a variety of disciplines attempted to translate the model's vision into reality. Teams were making design and operational decisions in parallel, without the ability to see how their decisions impacted the overall user experience.To resolve these challenges, our innovation team at Kaiser Permanente used a hybrid make‐and‐observe method of prototyping and ethnography. Employing a co‐creation mindset (Bødker and Grønbaek 1991), we engaged staff and patients to help us bring the future state of these next‐gen clinics to life in a minimally viable way. We created a full‐scale prototype experience at an existing clinic during working hours that included functional proxies of the future space; iterative techniques that simulated automation, i.e., Wizard of Oz‐ing (Kelley 1984); rewritten workflows; and recast staff roles. With this model we were able to mock up the future user experience, test assumptions in the field, surface latent needs, and resolve unanticipated conflicts.This case study provides an example of how ethnography, in combination with working prototypes of the future, can be essential tools for clarifying radical changes to new services. Using these methods, we were able to provide leaders with tangible evidence of why some elements of the initial vision needed to change in order to ensure a better user experience. Here we outline lessons learned and discuss limitations to our approach.
The Story as Evidence: It's Yours, It's Mine, It's Theirs
Authors: JARVIE‐WALDROM NIK 
Published: January 2019

I've been reflecting on my role in the use and abuse of evidence — in the past as a radio producer and more recently as a writer in a design research company. Storytelling is held aloft as something businesses need to do more of — and be better at — but often the narratives do not belong to businesses. We are re‐tellers. The work of a writer presenting design research isolates evidence from its source. There are limits to what we can do to make sure evidence is considered alongside the intention it was gathered with. I started working on this because I wanted to share my indignation at evidence I gathered being misrepresented. My editors have turned stories of triumph into stories of disaster to get more clicks. But I've noticed the similarity between my questioning of editors, and the anthropologists I work with questioning me.Evidence exists in relation to questions. Defining the things we're curious about helps us focus, and decide which evidence to seek out. Ethnographers need to be so careful about the way we communicate throughout a project, lest the evidence we gather is carried away to serve a question we never wanted to ask.