bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A defined mechanistic correlate of protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in non-human primates
Authors: Douglas Alexander D. , Baldeviano G. Christian , Jin Jing , Miura Kazutoyo , Diouf Ababacar , Zenonos Zenon A. , Ventocilla Julio A. , Silk Sarah E. , Marshall Jennifer M. , Alanine Daniel G. W. , Wang Chuan , Edwards Nick J. , Leiva Karina P. , Gomez-Puerta Luis A. , Lucas Carmen M. , Wright Gavin J. , Long Carole A. , Royal Joseph M. , Draper Simon J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMalaria vaccine design and prioritization has been hindered by the lack of a mechanistic correlate of protection. We previously demonstrated a strong association between protection and merozoite-neutralizing antibody responses following vaccination of non-human primates against Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5). Here, we test the mechanism of protection. Using mutant human IgG1 Fc regions engineered not to engage complement or FcR-dependent effector mechanisms, we produce merozoite-neutralizing and non-neutralizing anti-PfRH5 chimeric monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and perform a passive transfer-P. falciparum challenge study in Aotus nancymaae monkeys. At the highest dose tested, 6/6 animals given the neutralizing PfRH5-binding mAb c2AC7 survive the challenge without treatment, compared to 0/6 animals given non-neutralizing PfRH5-binding mAb c4BA7 and 0/6 animals given an isotype control mAb. Our results address the controversy regarding whether merozoite-neutralizing antibody can cause protection against P. falciparum blood-stage infections, and highlight the quantitative challenge of achieving such protection.
Intrinsic anharmonic localization in thermoelectric PbSe
Authors: Manley M. E. , Hellman O. , Shulumba N. , May A. F. , Stonaha P. J. , Lynn J. W. , Garlea V. O. , Alatas A. , Hermann R. P. , Budai J. D. , Wang H. , Sales B. C. , Minnich A. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLead chalcogenides have exceptional thermoelectric properties and intriguing anharmonic lattice dynamics underlying their low thermal conductivities. An ideal material for thermoelectric efficiency is the phonon glass–electron crystal, which drives research on strategies to scatter or localize phonons while minimally disrupting electronic-transport. Anharmonicity can potentially do both, even in perfect crystals, and simulations suggest that PbSe is anharmonic enough to support intrinsic localized modes that halt transport. Here, we experimentally observe high-temperature localization in PbSe using neutron scattering but find that localization is not limited to isolated modes – zero group velocity develops for a significant section of the transverse optic phonon on heating above a transition in the anharmonic dynamics. Arrest of the optic phonon propagation coincides with unusual sharpening of the longitudinal acoustic mode due to a loss of phase space for scattering. Our study shows how nonlinear physics beyond conventional anharmonic perturbations can fundamentally alter vibrational transport properties.
A fat-tissue sensor couples growth to oxygen availability by remotely controlling insulin secretion
Authors: Texada Michael J. , Jørgensen Anne F. , Christensen Christian F. , Koyama Takashi , Malita Alina , Smith Daniel K. , Marple Dylan F. M. , Danielsen E. Thomas , Petersen Sine K. , Hansen Jakob L. , Halberg Kenneth A. , Rewitz Kim F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganisms adapt their metabolism and growth to the availability of nutrients and oxygen, which are essential for development, yet the mechanisms by which this adaptation occurs are not fully understood. Here we describe an RNAi-based body-size screen in Drosophila to identify such mechanisms. Among the strongest hits is the fibroblast growth factor receptor homolog breathless necessary for proper development of the tracheal airway system. Breathless deficiency results in tissue hypoxia, sensed primarily in this context by the fat tissue through HIF-1a prolyl hydroxylase (Hph). The fat relays its hypoxic status through release of one or more HIF-1a-dependent humoral factors that inhibit insulin secretion from the brain, thereby restricting systemic growth. Independently of HIF-1a, Hph is also required for nutrient-dependent Target-of-rapamycin (Tor) activation. Our findings show that the fat tissue acts as the primary sensor of nutrient and oxygen levels, directing adaptation of organismal metabolism and growth to environmental conditions.
Caveolin-1 as a target in prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scarring
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L. , Scherer Philipp E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReduced expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is an important pathogenic factor in hypertrophic scarring (HTS). Such a reduction can be found in connection with the main known risk factors for HTS, including dark skin, female gender, young age, burn site and severity of the injury. The degree of overexpression of Cav-1 associated with different therapeutic options for HTS correlates with clinical improvements in HTS. This makes endo- or exogenous induction of Cav-1 not only an important therapeutic target for HTS, but also highlights its use as a preventive target to reduce or avoid HTS formation.
Harmonising topographic & remotely sensed datasets, a reference dataset for shoreline and beach change analysis
Authors: Pollard James A. , Brooks Susan M. , Spencer Tom 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a novel reference dataset for North Norfolk, UK, that demonstrates the value of harmonising coastal field-based topographic and remotely sensed datasets at local scales. It is hoped that this reference dataset and the associated methodologies will facilitate the use of topographic and remotely sensed coastal datasets, as demonstrated here using open-access UK Environment Agency datasets. Two core methodologies, used to generate the novel reference dataset, are presented. Firstly, we establish a robust approach to extracting shorelines from vertical aerial photography, validated against LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and coastal topography surveys. Secondly, we present a standard methodology for quantifying sediment volume change from spatially continuous LiDAR elevation datasets. As coastal systems are monitored at greater spatial resolution and temporal frequency there is an unprecedented opportunity to determine how and why coastal systems have changed in the past with a view to informing future forecasting. With revelation of trends that suggest increasing coastal risk, coastal change research is needed to inform the management and protection of coasts.
Characterization of CA-MRSA TCH1516 exposed to nafcillin in bacteriological and physiological media
Authors: Poudel Saugat , Tsunemoto Hannah , Meehan Michael , Szubin Richard , Olson Connor A. , Lamsa Anne , Seif Yara , Dillon Nicholas , Vrbanac Alison , Sugie Joseph , Dahesh Samira , Monk Jonathan M. , Dorrestein Pieter C. , Pogliano Joseph , Knight Rob , Nizet Victor , Palsson Bernhard O. , Feist Adam M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCation adjusted-Mueller Hinton Broth (CA-MHB) is the standard bacteriological medium utilized in the clinic for the determination of antibiotic susceptibility. However, a growing number of literature has demonstrated that media conditions can cause a substantial difference in the efficacy of antibiotics and antimicrobials. Recent studies have also shown that minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests performed in standard cell culture media (e.g. RPMI and DMEM) are more indicative of in vivo antibiotic efficacy, presumably because they are a better proxy for the human host’s physiological conditions. The basis for the bacterial media dependent susceptibility to antibiotics remains undefined. To address this question, we characterized the physiological response of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) during exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of the beta-lactam antibiotic nafcillin in either CA-MHB or RPMI + 10% LB (R10LB). Here, we present high quality transcriptomic, exo-metabolomic and morphological data paired with growth and susceptibility results for MRSA cultured in either standard bacteriologic or more physiologic relevant medium.
Positive ecological effects of wind farms on vegetation in China’s Gobi desert
Authors: Xu Kang , He Lingchao , Hu Hanjian , Liu Shun , Du Yuanyuan , Wang Zhiwei , Li Yan , Li Liyan , Khan Alamgir , Wang Genxuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith the rapid development of wind power, there are increasing concerns about the negative ecological effects of its construction and operation. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of wind farms on flying fauna (i.e., birds and bats) or climate change separately from communities or ecosystems, and little attention has been paid to vegetation during wind farm operation. Furthermore, few studies have referred to vulnerable ecosystems with low biomass and biodiversity. In this research, a field study was conducted to investigate the effects of wind farms on the individual traits, community structures and ecosystem functions of Gobi Desert ecosystems. The effects were measured by comparing interfering areas (IAs, located between 40 m and 90 m in the downstream direction of the wind turbine) with non-interfering areas (NIAs, located over 200 m from the wind turbine matrixes). The results showed that (1) plant individuals in IAs were less stressed and in better physiological states than those in NIAs; (2) for community structures, IA plants tended to be shorter and denser and had a higher coverage condition than that of NIA plants; and (3) ecosystem functions in IAs were significantly improved due to the existence of shrubs and higher biomass. Meanwhile, significant correlations were identified between the wind wake caused by the large spinning blades and the community structures. Constructing wind turbines in the Gobi Desert is a win-win strategy that both contributes to the growth of desert vegetation with a favourable microclimate and sufficiently utilizes wind power to produce clean energy.
Physician perspectives on integration of artificial intelligence into diagnostic pathology
Authors: Sarwar Shihab , Dent Anglin , Faust Kevin , Richer Maxime , Djuric Ugljesa , Van Ommeren Randy , Diamandis Phedias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAdvancements in computer vision and artificial intelligence (AI) carry the potential to make significant contributions to health care, particularly in diagnostic specialties such as radiology and pathology. The impact of these technologies on physician stakeholders is the subject of significant speculation. There is however a dearth of information regarding the opinions, enthusiasm, and concerns of the pathology community at large. Here, we report results from a survey of 487 pathologist-respondents practicing in 54 countries, conducted to examine perspectives on AI implementation in clinical practice. Despite limitations, including difficulty with quantifying response bias and verifying identity of respondents to this anonymous and voluntary survey, several interesting findings were uncovered. Overall, respondents carried generally positive attitudes towards AI, with nearly 75% reporting interest or excitement in AI as a diagnostic tool to facilitate improvements in workflow efficiency and quality assurance in pathology. Importantly, even within the more optimistic cohort, a significant number of respondents endorsed concerns about AI, including the potential for job displacement and replacement. Overall, around 80% of respondents predicted the introduction of AI technology in the pathology laboratory within the coming decade. Attempts to identify statistically significant demographic characteristics (e.g., age, sex, type/place of practice) predictive of attitudes towards AI using Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) testing revealed several associations. Important themes which were commented on by respondents included the need for increasing efforts towards physician training and resolving medical-legal implications prior to the generalized implementation of AI in pathology.
3D thermal modeling of two selected regions on comet 67P and comparison with Rosetta/MIRO measurements
Authors: Macher Wolfgang , Kömle Norbert , Skorov Yuri , Rezac Ladislav , Kargl Günter , Tiefenbacher Patrick 
Published: April 2019

Context. The Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter (MIRO) was one of the key instruments of the Rosetta mission, which acquired a wealth of data, in particular as the orbiter moved in the close environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (August 2014–September 2016). It was the only instrument of the Rosetta payload that was able to measure temperatures in the near-subsurface layers of the cometary nucleus down to a depth of some centimeters. This range is most relevant for understanding the mechanisms of cometary activity.
Aims. We simulate the 3D temperature distribution for two selected regions that were observed by MIRO in March 2015 when the comet was at a distance of about 2 au from the Sun. The importance of a full 3D treatment for a realistic subsurface temperature distribution and the thermal heat balance in the uppermost subsurface is investigated in comparison with analogous 1D simulations.
Methods. For this purpose, we developed a numerical heat transfer model of the surface as well as the near-subsurface regions. It enabled us to solve the heat transfer equation in the subsurface volume with appropriate radiation boundary conditions taken into account. The comparison with 1D simulations was made on the basis of the same solar irradiation history.
Results. Although the temperature gradient is predominantly normal to the comet surface, we still find that tangential flows may be responsible for local temperature differences of up to 30 K (a few Kelvin on the average) in the uppermost subsurface layers. From the results of the 3D simulations, we calculated the MIRO antenna temperature. A comparison with the actual measurements shows good agreement for the MIRO submillimeter channel, but there is a notable discrepancy for the millimeter channel. This last assessment is not related to the use of the 3D model; potential causes are discussed in some detail with a view to future studies.
Nutritional requirements during ageing
Authors: Lecerf Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2019

Ageing is a physiological condition characterized by a decline of the adaptatives capacities and associated to a decrease of the lean mass. That one is due to a decrease of the post-prandial protein synthesis. It is why protein recommended allowances must be sufficient for a quantitative aspect (0.8–1.2 g/kg/d) and adapted for a qualitative point of view. Energy requirements do not decrease with age if the physical activity is unchanged: it is why the carbohydrate and lipid intakes must be similar to those of a younger adult. The quality of the carbohydrate intake and the distribution of the fatty acids are also important in order to avoid any deficiency. Concerning non-energetic nutrients, one must be particularly cautious for the vitamin D and calcium intakes. Behind nutrients there are foods and dietary patterns who have their own effects.
Pediatric Ototoxicity: Current Trends and Management
Authors: Fligor Brian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMedical interventions to combat serious infection or malignancies carry significant morbidities, including ototoxicity. While these lifesaving drugs are often necessary to preserve life, the impact on quality of life for survivors is increasingly concerning for families and healthcare providers. Of primary importance for medical prescribers are appropriately sensitive ototoxicity grading scales and audiological monitoring protocols for surveillance for hearing loss. The intent of grading scales is to help communicate complicated audiological information to non-audiologist healthcare providers (such as oncologists) to help them make good decisions with regards to chemotherapy dosing. Appropriate audiological monitoring helps reduce the time delay between the adventitious onset of hearing loss and the diagnosis and intervention. Finally, pediatric ototoxicity grading and monitoring protocols help ensure timely access to adequate hearing habilitation, verification and validation of the management of permanent medication-induced hearing loss and tinnitus in children.
Ototoxicity: Visualized in Concept Maps
Authors: Watts Kelly 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOtotoxicity refers to the damage to structures and function of the auditory-vestibular system caused by exogenous agents such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and ionizing radiation. There are many potentially ototoxic substances. For example, depending on how ototoxicity is defined, there are 200 to 600 medications that can cause damage to hearing and/or balance. Ototoxicity encompasses cochleotoxicity, vestibulotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. A variety of professional disciplines are involved in determining causation, prevention, and management of ototoxic effects. Research to identify and develop otoprotectants and otorescue agents is emerging and will translate basic scientific discovery into applications for use in hearing conservation programs, safety operations, and clinical care. Original concept maps are presented here to visually represent knowledge pathways, domains, and relationships essential to the understanding of ototoxicity.
Prosthetic Reconstruction of Orbital Defects
Authors: Vincent Aurora , Kohlert Scott , Kadakia Sameep , Sawhney Raja , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrbital and craniomaxillofacial defects, in general, are best approached preoperatively by a multidisciplinary team with a clear reconstructive plan in place. Orbital defects result from a myriad of underlying diseases and injuries, and reconstruction after orbital evisceration, enucleation, or exenteration can pose a challenge to the reconstructive team. Reconstruction of orbital injuries with orbital implants and prostheses can lead to acceptable aesthetic outcomes, and the reconstructive surgeon should be familiar with current orbital implants and prostheses. Herein, the authors review terminology and classifications of orbital defects, different types of orbital implants, advantages and disadvantages of different orbital implant reconstructive options, types of orbital prostheses, and pros and cons of different prosthetic options.
Soft Tissue Microvascular Reconstruction of Orbital Exenteration Defects
Authors: Badhey Arvind , Haidar Yarah , Genden Eric 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe main goal of head and neck reconstruction is the restoration of form and function. Oncologic surgery makes this process more complex, as the preplanned defect can be very different from its intraoperative counterpart. This emphasizes the role of preoperative planning and a diverse reconstructive “tool box” that can accommodate a variety of complicated defects. The other reconstructive goals are determined by the patient with the aid of an interdisciplinary team. While multiple local and regional reconstructive options are available, free tissue transfer provides a versatile and reliable option for reconstruction—especially for complex orbital defects. Here the authors discuss free soft tissue transfer options for orbital exenteration. This review will catalog the advantages and disadvantages of the radial forearm, rectus abdominis, latissimus, and anterolateral thigh.
Role for the shoot apical meristem in the specification of juvenile leaf identity inArabidopsis
Authors: Fouracre Jim P. , Poethig R. Scott 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceDevelopmental transitions during shoot development in plants are regulated by factors originating outside and within the shoot apical meristem (SAM). The best-known example of this is the vegetative-to-reproductive transition, which is initiated by a leaf-derived signal that transforms the vegetative SAM into a developmentally stable inflorescence meristem. Although the juvenile-to-adult vegetative transition (vegetative phase change) is also thought to be regulated by factors exogenous and internal to the SAM, how this process is coordinated spatially remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that the SAM specifies leaf identity early in development, but that leaves become more important determinants of shoot identity as the shoot ages. We also reveal a role for the plant aging pathway in the regulation of meristem size.
A qualitative inquiry of video learning by Chinese L2 learners
Authors: Huang Ting , Lammers Jayne C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrevious research in Chinese L2 learning has shown that video learning is an effective way to engage students, especially for learning social realities such as cultural values (e.g., dating practices). Chinese L2 learners commonly have experience with learning social realities from videos, including textbook videos, television dramas, music clips and talk shows Using the lens of internalization, this qualitative study provides a detailed interpretation of what video offered its Chinese L2 participants and what challenges the participants experienced learning about social realities. This article discusses three focused cases with 12 interviews, 30 observations, 3 clip-elicitation conversations, and documents (including memos and field notes). Use of a three-phase Constant Comparative Method (CCM) revealed that the learning processes of Chinese L2 learners displayed similarities and differences. Participants had distinctive trajectories in their learning of social realities. Implications for Chinese L2 research and education are discussed.
Register in Systemic Functional Linguistics*
Authors: Matthiessen Christian M. I. M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChristian M. I. M. Matthiessen elaborates on the Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) approach to register in this contribution to the inaugural issue ofRegister Studies.He is Chair Professor of the Department of English at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, where he pursues a scholarly agenda that includes developing the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistics and applying it to text and discourse analysis, functional grammar, issues related to language evolution and typology, and comprehensive descriptive models of register. Throughout his career, Matthiessen has made major contributions to SFL theories and methods. Among his major works isLexicogrammatical Cartography: English Systems(1995, International Language Sciences Publishers). More than any other scholar, Matthiessen has expounded on Halliday’s early ideas on register and applied SFL theory to describing models of register variation. He remains an active researcher in the area of register studies which includes his registerial cartography – the comprehensive and systematic description of the registers in a language. Matthiessen’s work has left an indelible mark on the theory and systematic study of patterns of register in language use.