bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architecture of growth basins in a tidally influenced, prodelta to delta‐front setting: The Triassic succession of Kvalpynten, East Svalbard
Authors: Smyrak‐Sikora Aleksandra , Osmundsen Per Terje , Braathen Alvar , Ogata Kei , Anell Ingrid , Mulrooney Mark J. , Zuchuat Valentin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWorld‐class examples of fault‐controlled growth basins with associated syn‐kinematic sedimentary fill are developed in Upper Triassic prodelta to delta‐front deposits exposed at Kvalpynten, SW Edgeøya in East Svalbard. They are interpreted to have interacted with north‐westerly progradation of a regional delta system. The syn‐kinematic successions consist of 4 to 5 coarsening‐upward units spanning from offshore mudstones to subtidal heterolithic bars and compound tidal dunes, which were blanketed by regional, post‐kinematic sandstone sheets deposited as laterally continuous, subaqueous tidal dune fields. The rate of growth faulting is reflected in the distribution of accommodation, which governs sedimentary architecture and stacking patterns within the coarsening‐upward units. Fully compartmentalized basins (12, 200–800 m wide and c. 150 m high grabens and half grabens) are characterized by syn‐kinematic sedimentary infill. These grabens and half‐grabens are separated by 60–150 m high horsts composed of pro‐delta to distal delta‐front mudstones. Grabens host tabular tidal dunes (sandwaves), whereas half‐grabens bound by listric faults (mainly south‐dipping) consist of wedge‐shaped, rotated strata with erosive boundaries proximal to the uplifted fault block crests. Heterolithic tidal bars (sand ridges) occur in narrow half‐grabens, showing migration oblique to the faults, up the dipslope. Structureless sandstone wedges and localized subaqueous slumps that formed in response to collapse of the block crests were only documented in half‐grabens. Late‐kinematic deposition during the final stages of faulting occurred in partly compartmentalized basins, filled with variably thick sets of continuous sandstone belts (compound tidal dunes).
CD4+CD62L+ cells: A monitoring marker of fingolimod dosage in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tanaka Masami , Kinoshita Masako , Tomita Yutaka , Tanaka Keiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesFingolimod (FTY) potentially inhibits the disease activity of multiple sclerosis (MS), but induces severe lymphocytopenia that might be related viral infections, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. We use a reduced dosage of FTY treatment to avoid its cessation because of lymphocytopenia. FTY inhibits the egress of CD62L+ cells from lymph nodes, and the number of CD4+CD62L+ cells, a major population of CD62L+ cells, in blood is a maker to evaluate the strength of FTY action in patients with MS treated by intermittent drug holidays of FTY.MethodsA total of 24 Japanese patients with MS were treated with variable dosages of FTY initially based on the number of lymphocytes, and then changed to CD4+CD62L+ cell counts as a marker. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis was used to evaluate the number of CD4+CD62L+ cells in fresh blood of 21 MS patients treated with FTY for 30–94 months, including the mean period of 27.5 months of daily administration.ResultsThe CD4+CD62L+ cell counts and the proportion of patients with <2% CD4+CD62L+ cells in total lymphocytes declined from 12 ± 13 cells/mm3 (median 8 cells/mm3) to 31 ± 4 cells/mm3 (median 27 cells/mm3) and 61.5% to 0%, respectively, after further dosage reduction. Their annual relapse rates were kept to <0.03, even after inducing CD4+CD62L+ counts as a monitoring marker. The target range of CD4+CD62L+cells on reduction of FTY dosage was 10–80 cells/mm3.ConclusionsIt is critical to monitor CD4+CD62L+ cells rather than total lymphocyte count to avoid excessive FTY administration.
Prevalence, associations and characteristics of severe uncorrected refractive error in the Australian National Eye Health Survey
Authors: Keel Stuart , McGuinness Myra B. , Foreman Joshua , Scheetz Jane , Taylor Hugh R. , Dirani Mohamed 
Published: October 2019

AbstractImportanceIn Australia, nationally representative data of the burden and associations of severe uncorrected refractive error are scarce.BackgroundTo report the prevalence and characteristics of severe uncorrected refractive error in Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians.DesignPopulation‐based cross‐sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 3098 non‐Indigenous Australians aged 50 to 98 and 1738 Indigenous Australians aged 40 to 92 living in 30 randomly selected Australian sites were examined.MethodsSevere uncorrected refractive error was defined as an improvement of ≥2 lines on the logMAR chart in one or both eyes in participants with a presenting visual acuity <6/12.Main Outcome MeasureSevere uncorrected refractive errorResultsPrevalence of severe uncorrected refractive error was 11.0% (95% confidence interval 9.3‐13.0) in non‐Indigenous and 14.5% (12.5‐16.7) in Indigenous Australians. Eighty‐two percent of non‐Indigenous and 77% of Indigenous participants had a spherical equivalent refraction between −2.00D and +2.00D. Indigenous Australians who were older (odds ratio [OR] for 70‐79 years vs 40‐49 years = 3.59), resided in outer regional areas (OR = 1.78) and did not have an eye examination in the previous 2‐years (OR = 1.50) were associated with higher odds of severe uncorrected refractive error. Geographical remoteness (OR = .68 for inner regional), male gender (OR = 1.30), older age (OR for 70‐79 years vs 50‐59 years = 1.51) and failure to have an eye examination in the previous 2‐years (OR = 2.06) were associated with severe uncorrected refractive error among non‐Indigenous participants.Conclusions and RelevanceIncreased public awareness of the importance of regular optometric examinations may be required in groups at high risk of severe uncorrected refractive error.
A systematic review on prevention and management of wound infections from cochlear implantation
Authors: Vijendren Ananth , Borsetto Daniele , Barker Eleanor J. , Manjaly Joseph G. , Tysome James R. , Axon Patrick R. , Donnelly Neil P. , Bance Manohar L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective of reviewSurgical site infections are a recognised complication of cochlear implant (CI) surgery with significant morbidity. Our aim was to search for the optimum prevention and management strategy to deal with this issue.Type of reviewSystematic review.Search strategyA systematic literature search was undertaken from the databases of Embase, CINAHL, MEDLINE®, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library according to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Evaluation methodAll relevant titles, abstracts and full‐text articles were reviewed by two authors who resolved any differences by discussion and consultation with senior authors.ResultsFourteen articles were included in our review. The overall quality of evidence was low with the vast majority of the studies being retrospective case series and expert opinions. No randomised controlled trials were noted. We found consistent reports that intraoperative prophylactic antibiotics should be given to all patients undergoing CI and that the vast majority of CI wound infections had grown Staphylococcal spp. or Pseudomonas spp.ConclusionOur review has not identified any reliable or reproducible strategies to prevent and deal with wound infections after CI. We strongly encourage further research within this field and would suggest that a consensus of opinions from a multidisciplinary panel of experts may be a pragmatic way forward as an effective guide.
Standardised Ki‐67 proliferation index assessment in early‐stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in relation to local control and survival after primary radiotherapy
Authors: Kop Emiel , de Bock Geertruida H. , Noordhuis Maartje G. , Slagter‐Menkema Lorian , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Langendijk Johannes A. , Schuuring Ed , van der Vegt Bert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesAmbiguous results have been reported on the predictive value of the Ki‐67 proliferation index (Ki‐67 PI) regarding local control (LC) and survival after primary radiotherapy (RT) in early‐stage laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC). Small study size, heterogenic inclusion, variations in immunostaining and cut‐off values are attributing factors. Our aim was to elucidate the predictive value of the Ki‐67 PI for LC and disease‐specific survival (DSS) using a well‐defined series of T1‐T2 LSCC, standardised automatic immunostaining and digital image analysis (DIA).MethodsA consecutive and well‐defined cohort of 208 patients with T1‐T2 LSCC treated with primary RT was selected. The Ki‐67 PI was determined using DIA. Mann‐Whitney U‐tests, logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed to assess associations between Ki‐67 PI, clinicopathological variables, LC and DSS.ResultsIn multivariate Cox regression analysis, poor tumour differentiation (HR 2.20; 95% CI 1.06‐4.59, P = .04) and alcohol use (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.20‐6.71; P = .02) were independent predictors for LC. Lymph node positivity was an independent predictor for DSS (HR 3.16, 95% CI 1.16‐8.64; P = .03). Ki‐67 PI was not associated with LC (HR 1.59; 95% CI 0.89‐2.81; P = .11) or DSS (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.57‐1.66; P = .97). In addition, continuous Ki‐67 PI was not associated with LC (HR 2.03; 95% CI 0.37‐11.14, P = .42) or DSS (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.05‐8.28; P = .72).ConclusionThe Ki‐67 PI was not found to be a predictor for LC or DSS and therefore should not be incorporated in treatment‐related decision‐making for LSCC.
Renal impairment after ileostomy formation: a frequent event with long‐term consequences
Authors: Fielding A. , Woods R. , Moosvi S. R. , Wharton R. Q. , Speakman C. T. M. , Kapur S. , Shaikh I. , Hernon J. M. , Lines S. W. , Stearns A. T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimHigh stoma output and dehydration is common following ileostomy formation. However, the impact of this on renal function, both in the short term and after ileostomy reversal, remains poorly defined. We aimed to assess the independent impact on kidney function of an ileostomy after rectal cancer surgery and subsequent reversibility after ileostomy closure.MethodsThis retrospective single‐site cohort study identified patients undergoing rectal cancer resection from 2003 to 2017, with or without a diverting ileostomy. Renal function was calculated preoperatively, before ileostomy closure, and 6 months after ileostomy reversal (or matched times for patients without ileostomy). Demographics, oncological treatments and nephrotoxic drug prescriptions were assessed. Outcome measures were deterioration from baseline renal function and development of moderate/severe chronic kidney disease (CKD ≥ 3). Multivariate analysis was performed to assess independent risk factors for postoperative renal impairment.ResultsFive hundred and eighty‐three of 1213 patients had an ileostomy. Postoperative renal impairment occurred more frequently in ileostomates (9.5% absolute increase in rate of CKD ≥ 3; P < 0.0001) vs no change in patients without an ileostomy (P = 0.757). Multivariate analysis identified ileostomy formation, age, anastomotic leak and renin–angiotensin system inhibitors as independently associated with postoperative renal decline. Despite stoma closure, ileostomates remained at increased risk of progression to new or worse CKD [74/438 (16.9%)] compared to patients without an ileostomy [36/437 (8.2%), P = 0.0001, OR 2.264 (1.49–3.46)].ConclusionsIleostomy formation is independently associated with kidney injury, with an increased risk persisting after stoma closure. Strategies to protect against kidney injury may be important in higher risk patients (elderly, receiving renin–angiotensin system antihypertensives, or following anastomotic leakage).
Spatial high resolution of actin filament organization by PeakForce atomic force microscopy
Authors: Liu Lin , Wei Yuhui , Liu Jingyuan , Wang Kaizhe , Zhang Jinjin , Zhang Ping , Zhou Yi , Li Bin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the heterogeneous feature of actin filaments (ACFs) associated with the cellular membrane in HeLa and HCT‐116 cells at the nanoscale level.Materials and MethodsFluorescence microscopy coupled with atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to identify and characterize ACFs of cells. The distribution of ACFs was detected by Fluor‐488‐phalloidin–labelled actin. The morphology of the ACFs was probed by AFM images. The spatial correlation of the microvilli and ACFs was explored with different forces of AFM loading on cells.ResultsIntricate but ordered structures of the actin cytoskeletons associated with cellular membrane were characterized and revealed. Two different layers of ACFs with distinct structural organizations were directly observed in HCT‐116 and HeLa cells. Bundle‐shaped ACFs protruding the cellular membrane forming the microvilli, and the network ACFs underneath the cellular membrane were resolved with high resolution under near‐physiological conditions. Approximately 14 nm lateral resolution was achieved when imaging single ACF beneath the cellular membrane. On the basis of the observed spatial distribution of the ultrastructure of the ACF organization, a model for this organization of ACFs was proposed.ConclusionsWe revealed the two layers of the ACF organization in Hela and HCT‐116 cells. The resolved heterogeneous structures at the nanoscale level provide a spatial view of the ACFs, which would contribute to the understanding of the essential biological functions of the actin cytoskeleton.
“Years Ago the Crabs Was so Plenty”: Anthropology's Role in Ecological Grieving and Conservation Work
Authors: Kent Suzanne , Brondo Keri Vacanti 
Published: September 2019

AbstractScholars are increasingly attending to human emotions in the context of changing environments. Here, we draw on over a decade of collaborative work in the community of Utila, a small Honduran island in the Caribbean, to explore evidence of environmental grief through consideration of three broad themes: (1) population and motorized transportation growth as linked to social and environmental decline; (2) mourning over the loss of the ecological bounty of the past; and (3) anticipatory grieving of further, and accelerated, ecological devastation. The growing body of work on ecological grief and solastalgia, as well as the emergent ecologies literature, together help us to wrestle with the destructive forces of the Anthropocene. We consider the importance of documenting and sharing the experiences of community members vis‐à‐vis their changing environment as a mechanism for establishing communities of mourning, increasing environmental stewardship, and imagining and enacting alternatives to dominant models.
Diagnostic value of rapid on‐site evaluation during endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions
Authors: Wan Tao , Li Yishi , Hu Qianfang , Deng Hongli , Li Dairong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the applied value of rapid on‐site evaluation during endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) with a guide sheath for peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs).MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent EBUS with a guide sheath for PPLs at our hospital from December 2015 to June 2017 in this retrospective study. The samples obtained from each operation were made rapid on‐site evaluation at the same time. The results of rapid on‐site evaluation were compared with the pathological diagnosis.ResultsA total of 127 PPLs in 124 patients were included in the study. 70 lesions were malignancy in the final pathological diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of rapid on‐site evaluation for malignancy during EBUS with a guide sheath for PPLs was 88.6%, 98.2%, 98.4%, 87.5% and 92.9%, respectively.ConclusionsRapid on‐site evaluation during EBUS with a guide sheath has a high diagnostic value for malignant PPLs.
Eosinophilic dermatoses
Authors: Peckruhn Melanie , Elsner Peter , Tittelbach Jörg 
Published: September 2019

SummaryEosinophilic dermatoses are a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by an eosinophil‐rich infiltrate and/or degranulation of eosinophils. Blood eosinophilia may be an associated feature. Typical, albeit not specific histological findings include ‘flame figures’, which are caused by the accumulation of cationic proteins released by eosinophils and subsequent collagen denaturation.“Classic” eosinophilic dermatoses include eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells syndrome), granuloma faciale, eosinophilic fasciitis (Shulman syndrome) and eosinophilic folliculitis (Ofuji disease). In addition, there is a multitude of skin diseases that present with varying degrees of eosinophilic infiltration. These include atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, arthropod bite reaction, parasitic infections, and drug hypersensitivity. Even though these disorders share a common characteristic (tissue eosinophilia), they differ greatly in their clinical presentation.
The link between maternal and child verbal abilities: An indirect effect through maternal responsiveness
Authors: Prime Heather , Wade Mark , Gonzalez Andrea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLanguage abilities in early childhood show stability over time and play an important role in the development of other cognitive processes. Identifying modifiable environmental risk factors is important to informing prevention and early intervention efforts. Maternal verbal ability has been previously linked to child verbal ability. The current study examined whether maternal and child verbal abilities were linked indirectly through early childhood maternal responsiveness. Data come from a longitudinal birth cohort study. Participants included 133 mothers and their children recruited from maternity wards shortly after birth. Maternal verbal ability was measured using the Vocabulary subtest from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Second Edition (child age 8 months). Child verbal ability was assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (36 months). A latent maternal responsiveness variable was estimated using three developmentally sensitive indicators; one during infancy (child age 8 months) and two when children were 36 months. Results of a structural equation model indicated a significant indirect effect from maternal verbal abilities to child verbal abilities through maternal responsiveness. This indirect path was significant even after inclusion of another indirect path from maternal executive functioning to child verbal ability through maternal responsiveness (which was not significant). Future studies will benefit from experimental, genetically sensitive and/or cross‐lagged designs to allow for conclusions related to directionality and causality. This body of research has implications for the study of the intergenerational transmission of verbal abilities and associated skills, behaviours and adaptive outcomes.
The status of women and its influence on children’s well‐being: Do geography, religion and income matter? A comparative study
Authors: Panday Priniti , Rackie Deanna , Kula Maria Cornachione 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMotivationIn most families around the world, women are children’s primary caregivers. An improvement in women’s status, besides being vital in its own right, has significant positive externalities since the welfare of children has consequences for long‐term economic growth and development.Research questionCould enabling women to have greater opportunities to be productive members of society have a positive relationship with child welfare?Approach and methodsWe examine the relationship between women’s and children’s well‐being for a group of developing countries. We first study this in the context of the overall sample, and then in various country groupings, based on per capita income, geography and religion. A descriptive comparative study and a regression analysis are conducted.Findings and conclusionsWe find that women’s enhanced well‐being is strongly related to improved child welfare. Although there is a wide variation in women’s well‐being within and across various income, geographic and religious groups, our results are robust across and within all groups.In the regression analysis, the only variable that is consistently significant in influencing outcomes for children is our measure of women’s well‐being. We cannot reach a clear conclusion regarding the influence of geography, religion and even gross domestic product per capita on child outcomes.Policy implicationsIt seems imperative for women’s empowerment to be a part of every development agenda; a priority in itself, rather than something that should trickle down with overall development. An improvement in women’s status, besides being vital in its own right, has significant positive externalities since children’s welfare has consequences for long‐term economic growth and development. In our study, it is the single most important factor with a definite impact on children’s welfare.
Fair Trade USA coffee plantation certification: Ramifications for workers in Nicaragua
Authors: Raynolds Laura T. , Rosty Claudia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMotivationCertification programmes shape global coffee production conditions. Fairtrade International oversees the major ethical coffee certification for small farmers. Since Fair Trade USA left the global system to certify coffee plantations in 2011 and now has its own standards, programme‐specific research is needed to understand the implications of certification for workers.PurposeWe provide the first academic analysis of Fair Trade USA’s coffee plantation certification to identify its key programmatic features and ramifications for workers, particularly how certification has affected workplace and employment conditions, workers’ wellbeing and labour rights.Approach and methodsWe analyse programme documents to explain Fair Trade USA’s standards and how they diverge from those of Fairtrade International. To demonstrate the impacts of Fair Trade USA certification, we draw on qualitative research on one of the first certified coffee plantations in Nicaragua, including interviews with managers and interviews and focus group discussions with workers.FindingsFair Trade USA has maintained key elements of Fairtrade International certification, but its labour rights standards are significantly weaker. In the Nicaraguan case, Fair Trade USA certification has fostered major improvements in workplace and employment conditions and some improvements in workers’ wellbeing through the Premium programme. Certification has not significantly advanced labour rights.Policy implicationsNational conditions shape certification’s implications for workers, creating a central paradox. Fair Trade USA certification is likely to bring the greatest gains for workers where conditions are worst, where bringing plantations into legal compliance is a victory. The programme cannot pull workers out of poverty or guarantee decent work.