bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trapping strategy for Monochamus sutor and Monochamus galloprovincialis: potential vectors of the pine wood nematode in Scandinavia
Authors: Schroeder Martin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is a threat to pine forests in Europe. Annual detection, and delimiting surveys if detected, are mandatory in the European Union. The trapping of Monochamus beetles, vectors of pine wood nematode, is included in both types of survey.
The efficient use of traps increases the probability of detecting the pine wood nematode. How stand type, bait composition, wet or dry collecting jars, and trapping period during the summer affect the catches of Monochamus was investigated in central Sweden.
Monochamus sutor and Monochamus galloprovincialis occurred together in half of the trapping locations, suggesting that the two species could interact as vectors for the pine wood nematode.
Baited traps caught 25‐ to 30‐fold more M. sutor than unbaited traps. Monochamus sutor was four‐ to seven‐fold more abundant on clear‐cuts than in pine stands, whereas numbers of M. galloprovincialis were similar in both habitats. There was no difference in catch between fresh and old clear‐cuts for M. sutor. The addition of α‐pinene to the pheromone baits increased catches of M. sutor by 1.6‐fold on old clear‐cuts, whereas there was no difference for M. galloprovincialis. Wet traps caught approximately two‐fold more M. sutor than dry traps. Most M. sutor were caught in June and July, whereas the flight period of M. galloprovincialis started approximately 1 month later and peaked in July.
Based on the results, a trapping strategy is presented for M. sutor and M. galloprovincialis in Scandinavia.
Supervised versus un‐supervised classification: A quantitative comparison of plant communities in savanna vegetation
Authors: Addicott Eda , Laurance Susan G. W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionWhat are the differences between plant communities recognised using supervised versus un‐supervised methods?LocationNortheastern Australia.MethodsTwo classifications of savanna plant communities were formed independently with two different approaches: supervised and un‐supervised (using agglomerative hierarchical clustering). Each approach used the same vegetation datasets and, importantly, classification criteria. The communities occur on two different landscapes, with differing environmental gradients, covering an area of 53,500 km2. We compared the internal characteristics of plant communities between approaches and landscapes using four evaluation criteria: identifiability, distinctiveness, similarity of internal heterogeneity and predictability of species foliage cover. Additionally, we compared the central floristic concepts and compositional boundaries of communities identified by each approach.ResultsSupervised and un‐supervised approaches recognised similar floristic community concepts. Compositional boundaries between communities were similar on the landscape with steeper environmental gradients but significantly different on the landscape with gradual environmental gradients. However, communities distinguished using supervised methods were significantly less distinct and identifiable, worse at predicting species foliage cover and significantly more variable in species composition than those identified using un‐supervised methods.ConclusionsUsing supervised rather than un‐supervised approaches to distinguish plant communities can result in less recognisable communities, possibly reducing their usefulness for land management planning. Importantly, we found a large disparity between the two approaches in delineating compositional boundaries between communities on landscapes with gradual environmental gradients. This is particularly relevant to communities in biomes such as the savanna which comprises 20% of the Earth's landmass. Ecologists can be more confident using a supervised approach on landscapes with steep environmental gradients but should target landscapes with gradual environmental gradients for un‐supervised classification.
Elymus athericus encroachment in Wadden Sea salt marshes is driven by surface elevation change
Authors: Nolte Stefanie , Wanner Antonia , Stock Martin , Jensen Kai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the main drivers of vegetation succession and the encroachment of Elymus athericus (Link) Kerguélen in ungrazed Wadden Sea salt marshes? Is (a) elevation, a proxy for tidal inundation and thus abiotic conditions, limiting the expanse of Elymus. Does sedimentation increase the spread of Elymus by (b) leading to surface elevation change or does it (c) add nitrogen and thereby allows Elymus to grow in lower elevation?LocationSalt marsh at Sönke‐Nissen‐Koog, Wadden Sea National Park Schleswig‐Holstein, Germany.MethodsThe experiment was established in 2007 in the high marsh and consisted of four blocks of 12 m × 8 m. The blocks differed in surface elevation change during the experiment. Each block was subdivided into 24 plots of 1 m × 1 m. The original elevation of all plots in relation to the German ordnance datum (NHN) was assessed at the start of the experiment. Plots within the blocks were randomly assigned to one of the three N fertilization treatments. Within each plot we planted five randomly chosen individuals of Elymus. After four years of treatment, the vegetation composition and cover were recorded in all plots and aboveground biomass was collected.ResultsOriginal elevation was found to be a main driver of succession favouring Elymus and other late‐successional plants. There was no effect of N fertilization, but a positive effect of surface elevation change on Elymus cover was detected.ConclusionsWe can conclude that the positive effect of surface elevation change on Elymus is based on the resulting higher elevation and more favourable abiotic conditions caused by sedimentation, but not by the addition of nitrogen with the freshly deposited sediment. This case, therefore, is an example for an ecosystem in which encroachment is driven by a natural factor, rather than anthropogenic eutrophication.
New positive patch test reactions on day 7—The additional value of the day 7 patch test reading
Authors: van Amerongen Cynthia C. A. , Ofenloch Robert , Dittmar Daan , Schuttelaar Marie L. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundNot performing a day (D) 7 patch test reading might result in positive patch test reactions being missed.ObjectivesTo investigate the added value of the D7 patch test reading for individual allergens, and to identify patient characteristics and allergen groups associated with new positive D7 reactions.MethodsData from patients patch tested between 2008 and 2018 with the extended European baseline series were analysed. Patch test readings were performed on D3 and D7. Positive reactions were categorized into positive on D3 or new positive on D7.ResultsA total of 3292 patients were consecutively patch tested with at least 43 allergens of the TRUE Test panels 1 and 2 supplemented with investigator‐loaded allergens. In total, 447 (13.6%) patients showed new positive D7 reactions. In univariable regression analysis, age between 18 and 30 years showed a negative association with new positive D7 reactions. Significantly more D7 positive reactions were seen for topicals (odds ratio [OR] 2.60, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92‐3.51) and corticosteroids (OR 1.87, 95%CI: 1.09‐3.21). No associations were found between sex, atopic dermatitis and occupational dermatitis and a new positive D7 reaction.ConclusionA D7 reading to identify new positive patch test reactions is of added value, especially for topicals and corticosteroids.
Topical scabies therapy with permethrin is effective and well tolerated in infants younger than two months
Authors: Hoffmann Johanna Charlotte , Mößner Rotraut , Schön Michael Peter , Lippert Undine 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackground and objectivesProper management of infantile scabies is indispensable in order to prevent prolonged duration and spread of the disease. Data are still lacking that support topical treatment with permethrin 5 % cream in infants under two months of age, and application remains off‐label for this age group.Patients and methodsWe identified infants younger than two months who suffered from scabies in order to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topical treatment with permethrin cream in this age group. Diagnosis of scabies was based on the typical symptoms and pathognomonic features as determined with dermoscopy. We analyzed the efficacy and safety of the therapies that were applied.ResultsSeven scabies patients under two months of age were treated with permethrin 5 % cream. Topical therapy was repeated up to three times in four patients due to incomplete resolution or recurrence of skin lesions.ConclusionsPermethrin therapy was well tolerated in all seven infants, even when conducted several times. Our results confirm that the use of permethrin 5 % cream in children younger than two months of age is safe.
Efficacy and safety of anagrelide as a first‐line drug in cytoreductive treatment‐naïve essential thrombocythemia patients in a real‐world setting
Authors: Ito Tomoki , Hashimoto Yoshinori , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Nakaya Aya , Fujita Shinya , Satake Atsushi , Nakanishi Takahisa , Konishi Akiko , Hotta Masaaki , Yoshimura Hideaki , Ishii Kazuyoshi , Hashimoto Akiko , Kondo Toshinori , Omura Hiromi , Shinzato Isaku , Tanaka Takayuki , Nomura Shosaku 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to retrospectively assess the efficacy and safety of anagrelide in cytoreduction therapy‐naïve essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients in a real‐world setting.MethodData from 53 ET patients who received anagrelide as a first‐line therapy were reviewed for patient characteristics, antiplatelet status, cytoreduction status, therapeutic effects, adverse events, thrombohemorrhagic event development, progression to myelofibrosis or acute leukemia, and cause of death.ResultsThe rate of achieving a platelet count of <600 × 109/L during anagrelide monotherapy was 83.0%. Adverse events occurred in 32 of 53 patients, and tended to be slightly more severe in patients with cardiac failure; however, they were mostly tolerable. The therapeutic effect of anagrelide was consistent, regardless of genetic mutation profiles. The incidence of anemia as an adverse event was significantly higher in the CALR mutation‐positive group. Favorable platelet counts were also achieved in patients for whom hydroxyurea was introduced as a replacement for anagrelide or in addition to anagrelide because of unresponsiveness or intolerance to treatment.ConclusionIn Japanese cytoreduction therapy‐naïve ET patients, anagrelide administration as a first‐line therapy demonstrated favorable effects in reducing platelet counts, and its safety profile that was generally consistent with those in previous reports.
The creation of an endovascular exit through the vessel wall using a minimally invasive working channel in order to reach all human organs
Authors: Lundberg J. , Grankvist R. , Holmin S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSince the establishment of the Seldinger technique for secure entry to the vascular system, there has been a rapid evolution in imaging and catheters that has made the arteries and veins internal routes to any place in the body for interventions. It is curious that a general exit from the vasculature in a similar manner has not been proposed earlier. Possibly, the simplest reason is that accidental perforation of the vasculature by guide wire or catheter is a feared adverse event in endovascular intervention. Most places in the body can be reached by ultrasonography or computed tomography‐guided intervention. Some organs such as the central nervous system, the heart and pancreas are harder to access and, in some organs, like the kidney, repeated percutaneous punctions to cover large areas is not suitable. We present a new general purpose micro‐endovascular device creating a working channel to these ‘hard to reach’ organs by an inverted Seldinger technique. This review details this trans‐vessel wall technique, which has been studied in pancreas for transplantation of insulin‐producing cells, for injection of contrast agent to the heart and to the brain, bowels and kidney in rat, rabbit, swine and macaque monkeys with up to one year of follow‐up without adverse events. Furthermore, the payloads that can be given through such a system are briefly discussed. Drugs, cells, gene vectors and other therapeutic substances may be injected directly to the tissue to increase efficacy and decrease risk of off‐site adverse effects.
The language of character strengths: Predicting morally valued traits on social media
Authors: Pang Dandan , Eichstaedt Johannes C. , Buffone Anneke , Slaff Barry , Ruch Willibald , Ungar Lyle H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveSocial media is increasingly being used to study psychological constructs. This study is the first to use Twitter language to investigate the 24 Values in Action Inventory of Character Strengths, which have been shown to predict important life domains such as well‐being.MethodWe use both a top‐down closed‐vocabulary (Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) and a data‐driven open‐vocabulary (Differential Language Analysis) approach to analyze 3,937,768 tweets from 4,423 participants (64.3% female), who answered a 240‐item survey on character strengths.ResultsWe present the language profiles of (a) a global positivity factor accounting for 36% of the variances in the strengths, and (b) each of the 24 individual strengths, for which we find largely face‐valid language associations. Machine learning models trained on language data to predict character strengths reach out‐of‐sample prediction accuracies comparable to previous work on personality (rmedian = 0.28, ranging from 0.13 to 0.51).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that Twitter can be used to characterize and predict character strengths. This technique could be used to measure the character strengths of large populations unobtrusively and cost‐effectively.
Using a Modified Theory of Planned Behavior to Examine Teachers' Intention to Implement a Work Safety and Health Curriculum
Authors: Guerin Rebecca J. , Toland Michael D. , Okun Andrea H. , Rojas‐Guyler Liliana , Baker Devin S. , Bernard Amy L. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWorkplace safety and health is a major public health concern, but largely absent from the school health curriculum. Little is known about teachers' perceptions of teaching workplace safety and health topics.METHODSWe administered a 41‐item questionnaire reflecting the theory of planned behavior, modified to measure knowledge, to 242 middle and high school teachers in career and technical education and academic subjects. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to assess the measures' psychometric properties and factorial ANOVAs to compare differences among participants' knowledge, attitude toward, self‐efficacy, and intention (to teach) workplace safety and health by sex, prior work injury, and main subject taught.RESULTSConfirmatory factor analyses indicated the measures reflected the theory. Factorial ANOVAs suggested female teachers had statistically significantly lower mean self‐efficacy scores than did male teachers to teach workplace safety and health. Male occupational career and technical education teachers demonstrated higher mean knowledge scores than male teachers in other subjects. Participants not injured at work had higher knowledge scores than those who had been injured.CONCLUSIONSelf‐efficacy (influenced by sex) and knowledge (influenced by subject taught and previous workplace injury) revealed factors that may affect teachers' provision of workplace safety and health education, a critical yet overlooked component of school health.
Enrichment in selected genotypes, basal core and precore mutations of hepatitis B virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in Cameroon
Authors: Atsama Amougou Marie , Marchio Agnes , Bivigou‐Mboumba Berthold , Noah Noah Dominique , Banai Robert , Atangana Paul Jean Adrien , Fewou Moundipa Paul , Pineau Pascal , Njouom Richard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWorldwide, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be influenced by several hepatitis B viral factors. However, the effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and a landscape of nucleotide changes affecting the precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) during infection leading to HCC remain largely unknown in the Central Africa region. Thus, we performed a case‐control study on patients with HBV‐related HCC and matched controls without HCC but with chronic HBV infection. Genotypes and mutation spectrums were evaluated using a hemi‐nested amplification and sequencing analysis focused on the BCP and PC regions. We identified the co‐circulation of HBV quasi‐subgenotype A3 (QS‐A3) and genotype E in both groups. Interestingly, HBV‐QS‐A3 was significantly more prevalent in patients with HCC (80.0%) than in controls (31.9%, P = 4.5 E‐7, OR = 11.5, 95% CI: 3.8‐38.5). HBV mutation spectra and nucleotide changes were significantly more polymorphic in patients with HCC. Remarkably, HCC patients infected with HBV‐QS‐A3 were significantly more mutated compared to patients infected with genotype E (P < 0.0001). In addition, G:C>T:A transversions, generally associated with aflatoxin B1 exposure in tropical regions, were significantly more prevalent in HCC patients infected either with HBV‐QS‐A3 or HBV genotype E (P = 2.2 E‐05) when compared to controls. In conclusion, our results indicate that patients infected with HBV‐QS‐A3 are at increased risk to develop HCC. In addition, viral genomes isolated for patients with tumour are more heavily altered than those found in controls. Preferential targeting of these patients for antiviral treatment is of paramount importance to reduce future HCC incidence in Cameroon.
U.S. seafood consumption
Authors: Shamshak Gina L. , Anderson James L. , Asche Frank , Garlock Taryn , Love David C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractU.S. seafood consumption has changed dramatically in recent decades and has become increasingly dominated by the consumption of a limited number of species that are primarily imported and predominantly sourced from aquaculture. In getting to this point, the United States has been, and still is, at the forefront of some of the most important trends in global seafood markets. Hence, discussing the factors influencing U.S. seafood consumption patterns is an interesting and informative endeavor and will most likely also have strong predictive power for the continued development of seafood markets in the United States. In this article, we will discuss the transitions in the U.S. seafood market, primarily focusing on the period from 1990 to the present, highlighting the main factors that facilitated this development. This article provides an overview of U.S. landings, aquaculture production, exports, and imports and also explores contributing trends in global export and import markets. This will be followed by a discussion of U.S. per capita consumption patterns and an examination of the consolidation of species consumed over time. Finally, implications for future trends in seafood consumption and production are discussed.
The Value of a Statistical Life for Risk‐Averse and Risk‐Seeking Individuals
Authors: Parada‐Contzen Marcela V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article estimates the value of a statistical life (VSL) for Chile under the hedonic wage method while accounting for individual risk preferences. Two alternative measures of risk aversion are used. First, risk aversion is directly measured using survey measures of preferences over hypothetical gambles, and second, over observed individual behaviors that may proxy for risk preferences, such as smoking status, are used. I reconcile the results with a theoretical model of economic behavior that predicts how the wage‐risk tradeoff changes as risk aversion differs across individuals. The VSL estimates range between 0.61 and 8.68 million dollars. The results using smoking behavior as a proxy for risk attitudes are consistent with previous findings. However, directly measuring risk aversion corrects the wage‐risk tradeoff estimation bias in the opposite direction. The results are robust to other observed measures of risk aversion such as drinking behavior and stock investments. Results suggest that, consistent with the literature that connects smoking behavior with labor market outcomes, smoking status could be capturing poor health productivity effect in addition to purely risk preferences.
Cultural journalism—Journalism about culture
Authors: Kristensen Nete Nørgaard 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article is an introduction to “cultural journalism,” a specialised type of professional journalism that covers and debates the broad field of arts and culture. The article points to some of the research traditions that have engaged with the news media's coverage of arts and culture and inspired contemporary cultural journalism research, among them cultural sociology and the sociology of journalism. Furthermore, the article outlines the institutional roles and epistemology of cultural journalism, which in several respects differ from dominating normative conceptions of Western journalism. At the same time, the article shows that contemporary journalism shares many similarities with the approaches found in culural journalism, such as interpretation, emotionality, and subjectivity. Finally, the article points to important future paths for cultural journalism research, including comparative perspectives and the political dimensions and potentialities of cultural journalism.
Treatment of Candida infections with fluconazole in adult liver transplant recipients: Is TDM‐guided dosing adaptation helpful?
Authors: Righi Elda , Carnelutti Alessia , Baccarani Umberto , Sartor Assunta , Cojutti Piergiorgio , Bassetti Matteo , Pea Federico 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundFluconazole represents a common antifungal option for the treatment of Candida infections in liver transplant recipients. Although adequate antifungal exposure is known to correlate with favorable outcomes in patients with invasive candidiasis, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of fluconazole is currently not recommended.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study including adult liver transplant recipients receiving fluconazole for invasive candidiasis and undergoing TDM. We assessed the correlation between clinical variables, fluconazole trough plasma levels (Cmin), and outcome.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients (74% males; median age 57 years) were included. Abdominal candidiasis was the most frequent infection (56%). Median duration of fluconazole therapy was 17 days (IQR 9‐21). Fluconazole median Cmin was 11.0 mg/L (range 2.4‐30.6 mg/L). Five (19%) patients required TDM‐guided fluconazole dose increase. All‐cause in hospital mortality was 33%. Fluconazole Cmin >11 mg/L significantly correlated with clinical success (OR 8.78, 95% CI 1.13‐67.8, P = 0.04).ConclusionsOur study identified decreased fluconazole Cmin as a factor associated with negative outcomes in liver transplant recipients with Candida infection. TDM of fluconazole may be advisable in this patient population.