bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of low‐level laser therapy combined with 5000 parts per million fluoride dentifrice on postbleaching sensitivity: A clinical, randomized, and double‐blind study
Authors: Alencar Cristiane De Melo , De Paula Brennda Lucy Freitas , Araújo Jesuína Lamartine Nogueira , Alves Eliane Bemerguy , De Albuquerque Jassé Fernanda Ferreira , Silva Cecy Martins 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this double‐blind, randomized, controlled clinical study was to assess the efficacy of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) combined with 5000 ppm fluoride dentifrice on postbleaching sensitivity in teeth exposed to 35% hydrogen peroxide for four weeks.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five volunteers were evaluated using the split‐mouth model in which the right and left maxillary/mandibular quadrants were randomized and allocated to one of two groups: GPLACEBO, in which the laser tip was positioned without the emission of light (placebo effect) + 5000 ppm sodium fluoride, or GLASER, which comprised LLLT + 5000 ppm sodium fluoride. For both groups, LLLT and placebo were used before bleaching, whereas fluoride was applied after bleaching. LLLT was applied at two points: on the central cervical and medial regions of the incisors, canines, and premolars in the corresponding hemi‐arch. At each point, 60 J/cm2 was applied for 16 seconds with an irradiance of 3.75 W/cm2 using the therapeutic infrared device. To assess tooth sensitivity, a modified visual analogue scale was used after an evaporative stimulus, and a daily pain questionnaire was also applied.ResultsThe Wilcoxon and Friedman tests demonstrated a significant difference in the incidence of sensitivity pain between GPLACEBO and GLASER (P ≤ .05), with different evaluation times.ConclusionTeeth treated with laser therapy in combination with the topical use of sodium fluoride at each bleaching session demonstrated less sensitivity compared with the application of sodium fluoride only.Clinical SignificanceThe use of a low‐level laser therapy in combination with topical use of sodium fluoride improves symptoms of dentin sensitivity at each bleaching session.
Influence of monolithic lithium disilicate and zirconia thickness on polymerization efficiency of dual‐cure resin cements
Authors: Turp Volkan , Turkoglu Pinar , Sen Deniz 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of anterior monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate thickness on polymerization efficiency of dual‐cure resin cements.Materials and MethodsTwelve ceramic disks (4.0‐mm diameter) with thicknesses of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mm were prepared from monolithic zirconia (Prettau® Anterior; n = 6) and lithium disilicate (IPS e.max® CAD HT; n = 6). Three dual‐cure resin cements (Panavia F 2.0, DuoLink Universal™, and RelyX™ U200) were used for polymerization beneath ceramic disks. For each resin cement, 10 specimens were prepared by light curing under monolithic zirconia and lithium disilicate disks of each thickness. Vickers hardness measurements were conducted at four different measurement depths. Data were statistically analyzed using univariate four‐, three‐, two‐, and one‐way analysis of variance and independent samples t‐tests.ResultsMicrohardness of resin cements decreased significantly with increasing measurement depth and thickness of monolithic zirconia or lithium disilicate (P < .001). Cements polymerized under lithium disilicate showed higher microhardness values than did those polymerized under zirconia (P < .001). For both ceramics, Panavia F 2.0 exhibited the greatest microhardness, followed by DouLink Universal and RelyX™ U200 (P < .001).ConclusionsDifferent dual‐cure resin cements may have different polymerization efficiencies, and the type and thickness of the overlying ceramic can influence polymerization.Clinical SignificanceThe findings of this study suggest that an increase in the thickness of monolithic lithium disilicate or anterior monolithic zirconia restorations can significantly decrease the microhardness of the dual‐cure resin cement polymerized beneath the restoration. Dual‐cure resin cements can be used for the cementation of anterior monolithic zirconia restorations up to 2 mm thickness and for monolithic lithium disilicate restorations up to 2.5 mm thickness. However, for lithium disilicate restorations with a ≥2.5 mm thickness and zirconia restorations with a ≥2‐mm thickness, different cementation approaches must be further studied, such as: extended light curing; the use of dual‐cure resin cement with a higher self‐curing component than the ones used in this study; or a self‐cure resin cement.
Comparison between Artificial Neural Network model and mathematical models for drying kinetics of osmotically dehydrated and fresh figs under open sun drying
Authors: Şahin Utkucan , Öztürk Harun K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this study, drying kinetics of figs (Ficus carica L) under open sun drying (OSD) was compared with using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model and mathematical models. Pulsed vacuum osmotic dehydration (PVOD) was applied as a pretreatment. In experiments, whole figs (Sarılop variety) were immersed in sucrose solution at 50°Brix and 50 °C with a ratio of solution/food was 4:1 for 180 min. Vacuum impregnation was applied at 253 mbar for 15 min. Shrinkage effect was considered, also. Results showed that PVOD reduced drying time of figs. The mean of Deff values of PVOD treated and fresh figs were obtained as 2.55 × 10−10 m2/s and 2.36 × 10−10 m2/s, respectively. It was found that present model was the best drying model with the highest correlation coefficient (R2) values among the mathematical models whereas ANN model had a higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9999) values than the mathematical models for both PVOD treated and fresh figs.Practical applicationsDried figs have an economic income for Turkey and Turkey is the biggest dried fig producer and exporter in the World. Drying of figs is very important phenomena because figs have a short harvesting time. Figs are widely dried under open sun because this method has low operating cost. OD method is used before drying step and provides reducing drying time. This study presents experimental results of osmotically dehydrated and fresh figs under open sun drying. Drying kinetics of figs were modeled with empirical and semiempirical models under shrinkage consideration. Shrinkage of fresh and osmotically dehydrated figs during the drying were mathematically modeled thus these correlations can be helpful for researchers. Also, a new mathematical model was established and this model had more accuracy than other mathematical models. The ANN model was used for the prediction of drying curves of figs in different operating conditions.
Biotechnological approaches in glucosinolate production
Authors: Petersen Annette , Wang Cuiwei , Crocoll Christoph , Halkier Barbara Ann 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlucosinolates (GLSs) are sulfur‐rich, amino acid‐derived defense compounds characteristic of the Brassicales order. In the past, GLSs were mostly known as anti‐nutritional factors in fodder, biopesticides in agriculture, and flavors in condiments such as mustard. However, in recent times, GLSs have received increased attention as promoters of human health. This has spurred intensive research towards generating rich sources of health‐promoting GLSs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the biotechnological approaches applied to reach this goal. This includes optimization of GLS production and composition in native, GLS‐producing plants, including hairy root and cell cultures thereof, as well as synthetic biology approaches in heterologous hosts, such as tobacco and the microbial organismsEscherichia coliandSaccharomyces cerevisiae. The progress using these different approaches is discussed.
Optimal Fiscal Policy with Consumption Taxation
Authors: MOTTA GIORGIO , ROSSI RAFFAELE 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe characterize optimal fiscal policies in a general equilibrium model with monopolistic competition and endogenous public spending. The government can tax consumption, as alternative to labor income taxes. Consumption taxation acts as indirect taxation of profits (intratemporal gains of taxing consumption) and enables the policymaker to manage the burden of public debt more efficiently (intertemporal gains of taxing consumption). We show analytically that these two gains imply that the optimal share of government spending is higher under consumption taxation than with labor income taxation. Then, we quantify numerically each of these gains by calibrating the model on the U.S. economy.
The mitochondrial DNA copy number, cytochrome c oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species level in metaphase II oocytes obtained from in vitro culture of cryopreserved ovarian tissue in comparison with in vivo‐obtained oocyte
Authors: Amoushahi Mahboobeh , Salehnia Mojdeh , Ghorbanmehr Nassim 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and intensity of mitochondrial enzyme activity in metaphase II oocytes derived from vitrified cultured immature mouse ovarian tissue in comparison with nonvitrified group and in vivo‐obtained oocytes.MethodsVitrified and nonvitrified ovaries from neonate female mice were cultured for 7 days. Then, preantral follicles were isolated and cultured in a three‐dimensional culture system. Follicular development and oocyte maturation were evaluated and compared in both groups. Some of the collected metaphase II oocytes derived from in vitro and in vivo conditions were inseminated with capacitated spermatozoa, and then, the fertilization and embryo developmental rates were assessed. In the other series of oocytes, mtDNA copy number, distribution and enzyme activity and ROS level were analyzed.ResultsThe embryo development, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial enzyme activity in collected metaphase II oocytes from two in vitro‐cultured groups were significantly lower, and the ROS level was higher than those of the in vivo group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between vitrified and nonvitrified groups.ConclusionThis study showed that a two‐step in vitro culture of mouse ovarian tissue decreased the mtDNA copy number and cytochrome c oxidase activity of metaphase II oocytes through an increase in their ROS level in comparison with in vivo‐obtained oocytes. Thus, the in vitro culture methods should be improved.
Reevaluation of intrapartum fetal monitoring using fetal oximetry: A review
Authors: Uchida Toshiyuki , Kanayama Naohiro , Kawai Kenta , Mukai Mari , Suzuki Kazunao , Itoh Hiroaki , Niwayama Masatsugu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimAlthough several studies reported the measurement of fetal oxygen saturation using fetal pulse oximetry (FPO) for evaluation of the fetal intrapartum condition, a systematic review of the seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) provided no evidence to support FPO for intrapartum fetal monitoring. In the present review, we re‐evaluate an overview for the use of FPO and seven RCTs of FPO.MethodsWe reviewed numerous previous reports on FPO and seven RCTs of intrapartum FPO. RCTs were conducted with the main outcome measure being a reduction in the cesarean section rate.ResultsThe largest trial with 5341 entries failed to show any reduction. The negative result from this RCT may be explained by the use of a different cutoff value for fetal oxygen saturation compared to the other RCT; in addition, there were differences in the indications for cesarean section due to dystocia and in the definition of non‐reassuring fetal status (NRFS). An abnormal FPO value, defined as the fetal oxygen saturation value <30% for at least 10 min, is useful for making a diagnosis of fetal acidosis. A newly developed device, an examiner's finger‐mounted tissue oximetry, accurately measures tissue oxygen saturation while overcoming the drawbacks of FPO, such as infection risk and slipping off of the sensor during descent of the fetal head.ConclusionFPO (including the new device) with fetal heart rate monitoring in selected cases of NRFS may reduce the cesarean section rate.
Diverging Trends in Satisfaction With Housework: Declines in Women, Increases in Men
Authors: Leopold Thomas 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThis study provides the first assessment of changes in women's and men's satisfaction with housework.BackgroundThe gender gap in housework time has narrowed, but it remains unknown how subjective evaluations of housework have changed across the “gender revolution” in market and domestic spheres.MethodThis study used data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel Study. A probability sample of West German men and women (N = 193,021 person‐years) born between 1920 and 1989 was observed across major stages of the adult life course (ages 20–79). The analysis was based on generalized least squares random‐effects regression models for change with age and change across cohorts in a single‐item measure of satisfaction with housework.ResultsSatisfaction with housework declined in women and increased in men. These diverging trends contrast with concurrent shifts in time spent on housework. This means that women became less satisfied despite doing less housework, whereas men became more satisfied despite doing more housework.ConclusionThese trends are better explained by changes in individual gender role attitudes than by changes in couple evaluations of equity.
Making Sense of Marriage: Gender and the Transition to Adulthood in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Pike Isabel , Mojola Sanyu A. , Kabiru Caroline W. 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine how young people in Nairobi, Kenya, are making sense of marriage, both in terms of their own lives and its social significance.Background: In many sub‐Saharan African communities, marriage has been a fundamental marker of the transition to adulthood. However, union formation is changing, particularly in urban areas—partnering is occurring later and nonmarital cohabitation is increasingly common with the pathways to union formation differing by gender. Young people's perspectives on marriage are valuable for a deeper understanding of these trends.Method: A total of 74 in‐depth interviews with youth living in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya, were qualitatively analyzed with particular attention to personal and normative understandings of marriage along with how they vary by gender.Results: Marriage emerged as an important part of most respondents' life projects, whether or not they considered it key to socially recognized adulthood. Attitudes differed by gender, with young women's greater ambivalence and aversion toward marriage, particularly early marriage, contrasting with young men's frustrated desire for marriage amidst economic constraints. Young men's main worry about marriage was not being able to support a family, whereas young women were often concerned that marrying would thwart their aspirations regarding education and work.Conclusion: Marriage continues to be a significant social marker of adulthood despite a shifting demographic reality. Differences in young people's attitudes are related to gendered concerns around marriage and economic independence.
Identity Co‐Formation in an Emerging Industry: Forging Organizational Distinctiveness and Industry Coherence Through Sensemaking and Sensegiving
Authors: Stigliani Ileana , Elsbach Kimberly D. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTWe inductively studied the sensemaking and sensegiving processes used by industry founders in the co‐formation of organizational and industry identities in the emerging industry of Service Design. Our findings illustrate how the sensemaking and sensegiving processes that revolved around the new ‘Service Design’ label allowed the two sets of industry founders to forge both distinctive organizational identities and a coherent industry identity. The new label was, thus, used as a central ‘carrier’ for both holding meanings (in terms of distinctive principles and common practices) developed through sensemaking, and for transferring these meanings respectively to organizational and industry identities through sensegiving. These insights illuminate how industry founders can address the tension between organizational distinctiveness and industry coherence in emerging industries, and have important implications for theory and future research on identity co‐formation and its underlying sensemaking and sensegiving processes.
Brain MRI Features of CSF Human Immunodeficiency Virus Escape
Authors: Narvid Jared , Callen Andrew , Talbott Jason , Uzelac Alina , Dupont Sara M. , Chow Felicia , Price Richard W. , Rehani Bhavya 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEHIV infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is a nearly universal feature of untreated systemic HIV infection. While combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) that suppresses systemic infection usually suppresses CNS (CNS) HIV infection, exceptions have been reported with discordance between CSF and blood HIV RNA concentrations such that CSF demonstrates higher HIV concentrations than blood, referred to as CSF HIV escape. Rarely, CSF HIV escape presents with neurological symptoms, called neurosymptomatic escape.METHODSIn this report, we describe the MRI findings in 6 patients with neurosymptomatic escape who were identified at our institution.RESULTSMR imaging suggests an encephalitis possibly evolving from a distinct HIV subpopulation within the CNS. A major difference between primary HIV infection and the current case series is that untreated HIV encephalitis usually occurs in the setting of late disease and a low CD4 whereas CSF Escape develops in setting of a higher CD4, as well as more robust immune and inflammatory responses. Our findings show a burden and distribution of white matter signal abnormalities atypical for patients adherent to ART and that differs from that seen in untreated HIV encephalitis and leukoencephalopathy. Moreover, these patients may also demonstrate perivascular enhancement, a finding not previously reported in the CSF HIV escape literature.CONCLUSIONRecognition of these imaging characteristics—patchy subcortical white matter intensities and a perivascular pattern of enhancement—may be helpful in recognition and, along with other clinical information and CSF findings, in diagnosis of neurosymptomatic escape.
ADA Health Policy Institute's methodology overestimates spatial access to dental care for publicly insured children
Authors: Serban Nicoleta , Tomar Scott L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis article discusses the sources of overestimation of spatial access as recently provided by the Health Policy Institute (HPI) of the American Dental Association.MethodsSources of overestimation of access included estimation of Medicaid participation and capacity and limitations of the access measurement approach.ResultsWhile the HPI analysis used a 30% Medicaid acceptance rate for Florida, 10.2% of dentists accepted ≥100 Medicaid patients in 2015. The nationwide median number of Medicaid‐enrolled children per provider ranges from 36 (Nebraska) to 265 (Florida). HPI estimated that 94% of publicly insured children in Georgia lived within 15 minutes of participating dentists. More rigorous modeling for access estimated that 23% of the total child population do not have access within the state access standards in Georgia.ConclusionsThe estimates provided by HPI substantially overestimate access for children with public insurance. The overestimation comes from both the data limitations and the shortcomings of the methodology employed.
Characteristics of Dogs with Biofilm‐Forming Escherichia Coli Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Kern Zachary T. , Jacob Megan E. , Gilbertie Jessica M. , Vaden Shelly L. , Lyle Sara K. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundBacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in companion animals. Increasing awareness of biofilm‐forming bacteria raises concern regarding the appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of UTIs associated with these organisms.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo (1) describe the population of dogs with UTIs associated with biofilm‐forming Escherichia coli and (2) determine whether or not clinical differences exist between dogs with biofilm‐forming E. coli UTIs and dogs with nonbiofilm‐forming E. coli UTIs. We hypothesized that there would be no difference in the population characteristics, but that biofilm‐formation would be more prevalent in dogs with chronic, complicated, and asymptomatic UTIs.AnimalsSeventy‐six client‐owned dogs with E. coli UTIs, divided into 2 groups based on the biofilm‐forming capability of stored bacterial isolates as assessed by the crystal violet assay.MethodsRetrospective cross‐sectional study. Medical records of the affected dogs were reviewed and their population and infection characteristics were compared.ResultsMost (52.6%) E. coli isolates were capable of forming biofilms. Biofilm‐forming E. coli had a lower likelihood (P < .001) of multidrug resistance than did nonbiofilm‐forming E. coli. No statistically significant differences were identified between the population or infection characteristics of the 2 groups of dogs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceEscherichia coli isolated from canine urinary tracts are frequently capable of forming biofilms. Because no reliable clinical features allowed exclusion of biofilm formation, the potential for biofilm formation should be considered whenever E. coli UTI is diagnosed. The association of antibiotic resistance and biofilm potential may affect treatment of UTIs, but additional investigation is warranted.
Comparison of outpatient reimbursement for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis treatment in Taiwan: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Lin Hsiu‐Ying , Lee Ming‐Huei , Chang Kun‐Min , Wu Huei‐Ching 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThis study compared Taiwanese public health insurance outpatient reimbursements for interstitial cystitis (IC)/bladder pain syndrome (BPS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment.MethodsThis observational study used data from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 2002 and 2013. Patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for IC/BPS and RA were selected and matched in a ratio of 1 : 5 based on index year. After adjustment for possible confounders, including age, sex, income, hospital levels of care, and reimbursements for 24 comorbidities, yearly and per‐visit pharmacy, non‐pharmacy, and total claims were determined.ResultsIn all, 1438 IC/BPS and 7190 RA patients were identified in the database. IC/BPS patients were significantly younger, and the proportion of females in this group was higher. Income levels were lower in the IC/BPS cohort, but not significantly. There were no significant differences between cohorts in terms of reimbursements for treatment for comorbidities, with the exception of end‐stage renal disease, for which reimbursement was higher in the RA cohort. After adjusting for confounders, the regression coefficient for IC/BPS to RA was significantly lower for yearly total pharmacy claims, yearly total claims, per‐visit pharmacy claims, and total claims per visit.ConclusionsOutpatient reimbursement was significantly lower for IC/BPS than for RA treatment, primarily with regard to pharmacy costs. This indicates less medical utilization for IC/BPS, possibly due to poor treatment outcomes and copayment polices. Further advances in the treatment of IC/BPS and health budget reallocation are encouraged.