bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient method to generate random distribution of fibers in continuous fiber reinforced composites
Authors: Ge Weijian , Wang Libo , Sun Yongle , Liu Xuqing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new method based on iterative improvement to generate the random microstructure of continuous fiber reinforced composite with high fiber volume fraction (up to 70%), overcoming the jamming limit of the traditional random sequential adsorption (RSA) method. The novelty of the proposed method lies in an iterative improvement of the generated microstructure through separating initially randomly set positions of the fibers. Without complex heuristic steps, this algorithm can generate different fiber distributions with fast speed and good randomness. The offset magnitude of the separation process is adjusted according to fiber volume fractions to speed up the generation. Statistical analysis is performed on the generated fiber distribution. Five descriptors including Voronoi polygon area, nearest neighbor distances, nearest neighbor orientation, Ripley's K function and pair distribution function are used to compare the proposed algorithm and the RSA with completely spatial random distribution for both short and far distances. Fiber distributions generated by this new algorithm are proved to have good randomness. An finite element analysis (FEA) example is also presented to predict the effective elastic property of the carbon fiber epoxy composites, and a reasonable agreement with the experimental result is achieved. The proposed algorithm provides a useful tool to generate micromechanical models that can be used to predict and understand the mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composites.
Seasonal dynamics of light absorption by suspended particulate matter and CDOM in highly turbid inland rivers on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Shao Tiantian , Wang Tao , Liang Xiaowen , Li Liuyang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe spectral characteristics of optically active constituents in water are key parameters in bio‐optical modelling. Light absorption by phytoplankton [aph(λ)], nonalgal particles (NAPs) [aNAP(λ)], and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) [aCDOM(λ)] was investigated at 28 sites in the Wuding River (WDR) during the abundant river flow period (AP) in July 2017 and the normal river flow period (NP) in May 2018. The water quality parameters in the WDR substantially differed between the AP and NP. The dissolved organic carbon and turbidity were high in the NP, and chlorophyll a (Chl‐a), total suspended matter (TSM), dissolved oxygen concentrations and electrical conductivity were low in the AP. ap(675) and Chl‐a were more strongly correlated in the NP (r=0.96) than in the AP (r=0.41). aNAP(440) and aNAP(675) were strongly correlated with TSM (r=0.98 and 0.97) in the AP but weakly correlated in the NP. Moreover, aph(λ) was positively correlated with Chl‐a in both the AP and NP. In addition, aCDOM(440) was significantly correlated with Chl‐a (r=0.62, p<.001) in the NP but not the AP. TSM was weakly correlated with aCDOM(440) in both the AP and NP. The S275‐295 values in the NP (0.0147‐0.020 nm‐1) were lower than those in the AP, demonstrating that the molecular weights were higher in the AP than in the NP. The photosynthetically active radiation absorption of most samples was dominated by the NAPs and CDOM, implying a crucial role in light attenuation in highly turbid inland rivers on the Loess Plateau.
CALENDAR YEAR EFFECT MODELING FOR CLAIMS RESERVING IN HGLM
Authors: Gigante Patrizia , Picech Liviana , Sigalotti Luciano 
Published: July 2019

AbstractClaims reserving models are usually based on data recorded in run-off tables, according to the origin and the development years of the payments. The amounts on the same diagonal are paid in the same calendar year and are influenced by some common effects, for example, claims inflation, that can induce dependence among payments. We introduce hierarchical generalized linear models (HGLM) with risk parameters related to the origin and the calendar years, in order to model the dependence among payments of both the same origin year and the same calendar year. Besides the random effects, the linear predictor also includes fixed effects. All the parameters are estimated within the model by theh-likelihood approach. The prediction for the outstanding claims and an approximate formula to evaluate the mean square error of prediction are obtained. Moreover, a parametric bootstrap procedure is delineated to get an estimate of the predictive distribution of the outstanding claims. A Poisson-gamma HGLM with origin and calendar year effects is studied extensively and a numerical example is provided. We find that the estimates of the correlations can be significant for payments in the same calendar year and that the inclusion of calendar effects can determine a remarkable impact on the prediction uncertainty.
Abelian categories arising from cluster tilting subcategories II: quotient functors
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhou Panyue 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a kind of ideal quotient of an extriangulated category such that the ideal is the kernel of a functor from this extriangulated category to an abelian category. We study a condition when the functor is dense and full, in another word, the ideal quotient becomes abelian. Moreover, a new equivalent characterization of cluster tilting subcategories is given by applying homological methods according to this functor. As an application, we show that in a connected 2-Calabi-Yau triangulated category ℬ, a functorially finite, extension closed subcategory 𝒯 of ℬ is cluster tilting if and only if ℬ /𝒯 is an abelian category.
A FRAGMENT OF ERATOSTHENES,ON OLD COMEDY(PHOTIUS,LEXICONε 100 THEODORIDIS)
Authors: Broggiato Maria 
Published: July 2019

Phot.Lex.ε 100 Theodoridis: ἔγχουσαν οἱ Ἀττικοὶ λέγουσι τὴν ῥίζαν, οὐ δὴ ἄγχουσαν, ἣν ἀπείρως Ἐρατοσθένης φυκίον. Ἀμειψίας Ἀποκοτταβίζουσι· ‘δυοῖν ὀβολοῖν ἔγχουσα καὶ ψιμύθιον’ (fr. 3 K.–A.).Phot.Lex.ε 100 Theodoridis: The Attic writers call the rootenchusa(alkanet), notanchusa, which Eratosthenes out of ignorance (thinks is) a seaweed. Ameipsias in theCottabus-Players(writes): ‘alkanet and white lead at the price of two obols’ (fr. 3 K.–A.).
Onwh-exclamatives and gradability: An argument from Romance
Authors: CASTROVIEJO ELENA 
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses a type ofwh-exclamative whosewh-component and degree component do not seem to go hand in hand. These arewh-exclamatives in Catalan whose movedwh-phrase is headed by the determinerquin‘what, which’, and whose NP contains an optional DegP headed bytan‘so’ ormés‘more’. By taking a closer look at thesewh-exclamatives, we will be able to contribute to the debate on the role of gradability and of thewh-component in the semantics ofwh-exclamatives. My claim is that the DegP in thesewh-exclamatives leaves behind a degree variable that is ultimately bound by an expressive speech act operator. Following Castroviejo (2006) and building on Rett (2009), I adhere to the claim thatwh-exclamatives in Catalan are necessarily scalar as a requirement of the expressive operator. Moreover, as a downward-monotonic operator, I show that it licenses upward-directed inferences, which ensures thatwh-exclamatives express unexpectedness toward a high degree.
A Comparison of Efficacy of Treatment and Time to Administration of Naloxone by BLS and ALS Providers
Authors: Nugent Kenneth , Matthews Patrick , Gissendaner Jamie , Papas Mia , Occident Deborah , Patel Avkash , Johnson Michelle , Megargel Ross E. , Nomura Jason T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction:The administration of naloxone therapy is restricted by scope of practice to Advanced Life Support (ALS) in many Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems throughout the United States. In Delaware’s two-tiered EMS system, Basic Life Support (BLS) often arrives on-scene prior to ALS, but BLS providers were not previously authorized to administer naloxone. Through a BLS naloxone pilot study, the researchers sought to evaluate BLS naloxone administration and timing compared to ALS.Hypothesis:After undergoing specialized training, BLS providers would be able to appropriately administer naloxone to opioid overdose patients in a more timely manner than ALS providers.Methods:This was a retrospective, observational study using data collected from February 2014 through May 2015 throughout a state BLS naloxone pilot program. A total of 14 out of 72 state BLS agencies participated in the study. Pilot BLS agencies attended a training session on the indications and administration of naloxone, and then were authorized to carry and administer naloxone. Researchers then compared vital signs and the time of BLS arrival to administration of naloxone by BLS and ALS. Data were analyzed using paired and independent sample t-tests, as well as chi-square, as appropriate.Results:A total of 131 incidents of naloxone administration were reviewed. Of those, 62 patients received naloxone by BLS (pilot group) and 69 patients received naloxone by ALS (control group). After naloxone administration, BLS patients showed improvements in heart rate (HR; P &lt; .01), respiratory rate (RR; P &lt; .01), and pulse oximetry (spO2; P &lt; .01); ALS patients also showed improvement in RR (P &lt; .01), and in spO2 (P = .005). There was no significant improvement in HR for ALS providers (P = .189).There was a significant difference in arrival time of BLS to the time of naloxone administration between the two groups, with shorter times in the BLS group compared to the ALS group (1.9 minutes versus 9.8 minutes; P &lt; .01); BLS administration was 7.8 minutes faster when compared to ALS administration (95% CI, 6.2-9.3 minutes).Conclusions:Patients improved similarly and received naloxone therapy sooner when treated by BLS agencies carrying naloxone than those who awaited ALS arrival. All EMS systems should consider allowing BLS to carry and administer naloxone for an effective and potentially faster naloxone administration when treating respiratory compromise related to opiate overdose.
Decreasing Trend in Formaldehyde Detected From 20‐Year Record at Wollongong, Southeast Australia
Authors: Lieschke Kaitlyn J. , Fisher Jenny A. , Paton‐Walsh Clare , Jones Nicholas B. , Greenslade Jesse W. , Burden Sandy , Griffith David W. T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe response of atmospheric composition to ongoing environmental change remains poorly constrained across much of the Southern Hemisphere. We use a 20‐year record of ground‐based total column measurements from Wollongong, southeast Australia to identify a statistically significant decreasing trend in formaldehyde of −1.9 [−2.2, −1.7]%/year. The trend is consistently negative across all months except November. Satellite data indicate that the trend at Wollongong is distinctly local and is superimposed on a regional‐scale increase likely driven by changes in methane. In austral summer, coincident changes in hydrogen cyanide suggest that decreases in local biomass burning can only partly explain the observed trend. In the absence of other explanations, we infer that the observed formaldehyde trend is likely driven by decreasing industrial emissions. In November, an observed increasing temperature trend is consistent with an earlier onset of biogenic emissions in the region, driving increased biogenic formaldehyde that counteracts the overall decrease.
Unusual Multiple Excitation of Large‐Scale Gravity Waves by Successive Stream Interactions: The Role of Alfvénic Fluctuations
Authors: Guo Jianpeng , Wang Zehao , Zheng Jianchuan , Cui Jun , Wei Yong , Wan Weixing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInstances of multiple excitation of large‐scale gravity waves in the auroral region by solar wind Alfvénic fluctuations are rare. In this paper we report an unusual instance, in which sequential large‐scale gravity waves launched from northern and southern auroral regions are clearly linked to intermittent southward magnetic fields of Alfvénic fluctuations embedded in three successive stream interaction regions. The continuous gravity wave activity persists for ∼7 days, the longest duration currently tracked. The Alfvénic fluctuations are mainly dominated by Alfvén and slow waves, which might play a role in the solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction, leading to impulsive auroral electrojet activity and in turn exciting the sequential gravity waves.
On the Reliability of Absolute Palaeointensity Determinations on Basaltic Rocks Bearing a Thermochemical Remanence
Authors: Shcherbakov V. P. , Gribov S. K. , Lhuillier F. , Aphinogenova N. A. , Tsel'movich V. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigated the acquisition of thermochemical remanent magnetization (TCRM) on basaltic rocks from the volcanic island of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea) and from the southern part of the Red Sea Rift, both containing homogeneous titanomagnetite grains with Curie temperatures of 100–200 °C. The TCRM was created in a rotating thermomagnetometer by cooling the samples from 570 to 200 °C at a rate of 1 °C/hr in the presence of a laboratory magnetic field of 50 μT. The TCRM acquisition occurred at high temperature T > 520 °C through the nucleation of ilmenite lamellae dividing the titanium‐magnetite cells. Mutual Fe‐Ti diffusion moved the composition of the cells closer to that of magnetite, leading to an increase in the Curie temperature Tс. The TCRM was formed at practically fixed volume of the titanomagnetite cells when Tс exceeded T. Theory indicates that the TCRM should be very close to the value of a pure thermoremanent magnetization acquired in the same field. The Thellier‐style experiments conducted on the samples bearing a laboratory induced TCRM confirmed these predictions, with palaeointensity estimates in agreement to within 5% with expected value. This conclusion radically differs from previous results obtained in the case of a pure chemical remanent magnetization and gives hope that a TCRM could be a robust source of palaeomagnetic information, yielding unbiased palaeointensity determinations.
Efficient exogenous DNA-free reprogramming with suicide gene vectors
Authors: Lee Minhyung , Ha Jeongmin , Son Ye Seul , Ahn Hyunjun , Jung Kwang Bo , Son Mi-Young , Kim Janghwan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReprogramming with episomal vectors is an easy, safe, and cost-effective method to generate exogenous DNA-free (exogene-free) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the genomic integration of exogenes is observed occasionally. Additionally, the removal of episomal DNA takes more than 70 days in established iPSCs. Here, we inserted the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene from yeast into episomal vectors and used them to reprogram human fibroblasts into iPSCs. These new episomal vectors (CD episomal vectors) were eliminated from the generated iPSCs as early as seven days after 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) treatment. We also found that cells with the integration of the CD gene perished within two days of 5-FC treatment. In addition, we generated exogene-free induced neural stem cells after one passage by direct reprogramming with CD episomal vectors combined with 5-FC treatment. Conclusively, our novel method allows the rapid and easy isolation of exogene-free reprogrammed cells and can be applied to disease modeling and clinical applications.
Reversal of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: epigenetically regulated disruption of 14-3-3η/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
Authors: Qiu Yongxin , Shan Wenqi , Yang Ye , Jin Ming , Dai Yi , Yang Hanyu , Jiao Ruonan , Xia Yunwei , Liu Qinqiang , Ju Liang , Huang Guangming , Zhang Jianping , Yang Lihua , Li Lei , Li Yuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSorafenib resistance is one of the main obstacles to the treatment of advanced/recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and xenografts in nude mice were used as experimental models. A cohort of patients with advanced recurrent HCC who were receiving sorafenib therapy was used to assess the clinical significance of this therapy. Our data showed that 14-3-3η maintained sorafenib resistance in HCC. An analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that 14-3-3η stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) through the inhibition of ubiquitin-dependent proteasome protein degradation, which leads to the maintenance of cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. We further found that microRNA-16 (miR-16) is a competent miRNA that reverses sorafenib resistance by targeting the 3′-UTR of 14-3-3η and thereby inhibits 14-3-3η/HIF-1α/CSC properties. In HCC patients, significant negative correlations were found between the expression of miR-16 and 14-3-3η, HIF-1α, or CSC properties. Further analysis showed that low miR-16 expression but high 14-3-3η expression can prognosticate sorafenib resistance and poor survival. Collectively, our present study indicated that miR-16/14-3-3η is involved in sorafenib resistance in HCC and that these two factors could be potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for predicting the response to sorafenib treatment.
Tumor Compactness based on CT to predict prognosis after multimodal treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Qifeng , Cao Bangrong , Chen Junqiang , Li Chen , Tan Lijun , Zhang Wencheng , Lv Jiahua , Li Xiqing , Xiao Miyong , Lin Yu , Lang Jinyi , Li Tao , Xiao Zefen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe aimed to establish a risk model using computed tomography-based compactness to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after multimodal treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We extracted pre-treatment computed tomography-based tumor data (volume, surface area, and compactness) for 512 cases of ESCC that were treated at 3 centers. A risk model based on compactness was trained using Cox regression analyses of data from 83 cases, and then the model was validated using two independent cohorts (98 patients and 283 patients). The largest cohort (283 patients) was then evaluated using the risk model to predict response to radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. In the three datasets, the pre-treatment compactness risk model provided good accuracy for predicting OS (P = 0.012, P = 0.022, and P = 0.003) and PFS (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, and P = 0.005). Patients in the low-risk group did not experience a significant OS benefit from concurrent chemoradiotherapy (P = 0.099). Furthermore, after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the OS outcomes were similar among patients in the low-risk group who did and did not achieve a pathological complete response (P = 0.127). Tumor compactness was correlated with clinical T stage but was more accurate for predicting prognosis after treatment for ESCC, based on higher C-index values in all three datasets. The compactness-based risk model was effective for predicting OS and PFS after multimodal treatment for ESCC. Therefore, it may be useful for guiding personalized treatment.
Genetic Polymorphisms in ADORA2A and CYP1A2 Influence Caffeine’s Effect on Postprandial Glycaemia
Authors: Banks N. F. , Tomko P. M. , Colquhoun R. J. , Muddle T. W. D. , Emerson S. R. , Jenkins N. D. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe liver enzyme cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is responsible for 90% of caffeine metabolism, while caffeine exerts many of its effects via antagonist binding to adenosine A2a receptors (ADORA2A). This study aimed to examine whether functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1976T > C (ADORA2A; rs5751876) and −163C > A (CYP1A2; rs762551) influence the effect of caffeine on the postprandial glucose (GLU) response to a carbohydrate meal. We report that individuals with the 1976T > C CC, but not CT/TT genotypes display elevated GLU levels after consuming caffeine and carbohydrate (CHO + CAFF) versus carbohydrate only (CHO). The GLU area under the curve (AUC) was also greater during the CHO + CAFF condition compared to the CHO condition in CC, but not the CT/TT genotypes. The −163C > A AC/CC, but not AA, genotypes displayed greater GLU concentrations 60-min post meal during CHO + CAFF versus CHO. Our data suggest that caffeine-induced impairments in postprandial glycaemia are related to 1976T > C and −163C > A SNPs.
Snail shell colour evolution in urban heat islands detected via citizen science
Authors: Kerstes Niels A. G. , Breeschoten Thijmen , Kalkman Vincent J. , Schilthuizen Menno 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe extreme environmental conditions that prevail in cities are known to cause selection pressures leading to adaptive changes in wild, city-dwelling, organisms (urban evolution). The urban heat island, elevated temperatures in the city centre due to a combination of generation, reflection, and trapping of heat, is one of the best recognised and most widespread urban environmental factors. Here, we use a citizen-science approach to study the effects of urban heat on genetically-determined shell colour in the land snail Cepaea nemoralis in the Netherlands. We use smartphone applications to obtain colour data on almost 8000 snails throughout the country. Our analysis shows that snails in urban centres are more likely to be yellow than pink, an effect predicted on the basis of thermal selection. Urban yellow snails are also more likely to carry dark bands at the underside of the shell; these bands might affect thermoregulation in yet underexplored ways.
Genome and transcriptome evolve separately in recently hybridized Trichosporon fungi
Authors: Sriswasdi Sira , Takashima Masako , Manabe Ri-ichiroh , Ohkuma Moriya , Iwasaki Wataru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenome hybridization is an important evolutionary event that gives rise to species with novel capabilities. However, the merging of distinct genomes also brings together incompatible regulatory networks that must be resolved during the course of evolution. Understanding of the early stages of post-hybridization evolution is particularly important because changes in these stages have long-term evolutionary consequences. Here, via comparative transcriptomic analyses of two closely related, recently hybridized Trichosporon fungi, T. coremiiforme and T. ovoides, and three extant relatives, we show that early post-hybridization evolutionary processes occur separately at the gene sequence and gene expression levels but together contribute to the stabilization of hybrid genome and transcriptome. Our findings also highlight lineage-specific consequences of genome hybridization, revealing that the transcriptional regulatory dynamics in these hybrids responded completely differently to gene loss events: one involving both subgenomes and another that is strictly subgenome-specific.
Bioorthogonal labeling with tetrazine-dyes for super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Beliu Gerti , Kurz Andreas J. , Kuhlemann Alexander C. , Behringer-Pliess Lisa , Meub Mara , Wolf Natalia , Seibel Jürgen , Shi Zhen-Dan , Schnermann Martin , Grimm Jonathan B. , Lavis Luke D. , Doose Sören , Sauer Markus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGenetic code expansion (GCE) technology allows the specific incorporation of functionalized noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins. Here, we investigated the Diels-Alder reaction between trans-cyclooct-2-ene (TCO)-modified ncAAs, and 22 known and novel 1,2,4,5-tetrazine-dye conjugates spanning the entire visible wavelength range. A hallmark of this reaction is its fluorogenicity - the tetrazine moiety can elicit substantial quenching of the dye. We discovered that photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the excited dye to tetrazine is the main quenching mechanism in red-absorbing oxazine and rhodamine derivatives. Upon reaction with dienophiles quenching interactions are reduced resulting in a considerable increase in fluorescence intensity. Efficient and specific labeling of all tetrazine-dyes investigated permits super-resolution microscopy with high signal-to-noise ratio even at the single-molecule level. The different cell permeability of tetrazine-dyes can be used advantageously for specific intra- and extracellular labeling of proteins and highly sensitive fluorescence imaging experiments in fixed and living cells.