bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Quality assessment using Water Quality Index (WQI) in parts of Varanasi District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Chaurasia Abhishek Kumar , Pandey H. K. , Tiwari S. K. , Prakash Ram , Pandey Prashant , Ram Arjun 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The water quality index (WQI) is an important tool to determine the drinking water quality in urban, rural and industrial area. WQI is defined as an index reflecting the composite influence of different water quality parameters which is considered and taken for calculation of water quality index. In the present study, sixteen groundwater samples were collected from the southern portion of the Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the pre monsoon period of May, 2015. The twenty two water quality parameters have been considered for the calculation of water quality index viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solid (TDS), alkalinity, sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), nitrates (NO3"), bicarbonate HCO3–, chlorides (Cl–), sulphates(SO4–), fluorides (F–), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS, 2012) has been considered to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes and for the calculation of WQI. Correlation study between various physicochemical properties also reveals significant negative relationships. The current study shows that ~20% area is falling under the non suitable for drinking water category and rest is falling under good, moderate, poor, very poor as per the WQI classification. The present study is helpful in proper planning and management of available water resource for drinking purpose.
Value of schizophrenia treatment II: Decision modelling for developing early detection and early intervention services in the Czech Republic
Authors: Winkler Petr , Broulíková Hana Marie , Kondrátová Lucie , Knapp Martin , Arteel Paul , Boyer Patrice , Galderisi Silvana , Karkkainen Hikka , Ieven Aagje , Mohr Pavel , Wasserman Danuta , Park A-La , Tinelli Michella , Gaebel Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:Background:Positive findings on early detection and early intervention services have been consistently reported from many different countries. The aim of this study, conducted within the European Brain Council project “The Value of Treatment”, was to estimate costs and the potential cost- savings associated with adopting these services within the context of the Czech mental health care reform.Methods:Czech epidemiological data, probabilities derived from meta-analyses, and data on costs of mental health services in the Czech Republic were used to populate a decision analytical model. From the health care and societal perspectives, costs associated with health care services and productivity lost were taken into account. One-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore the uncertainty around the key parameters.Results:It was estimated that annual costs associated with care as usual for people with the first episode of psychosis were as high as 46 million Euro in the Czech Republic 2016. These annual costs could be reduced by 25% if ED services were adopted, 33% if EI services were adopted, and 40% if both, ED and EI services, were adopted in the country. Cost-savings would be generated due to decreased hospitalisations and better employment outcomes in people with psychoses.Conclusions:Adopting early detection and early intervention services in mental health systems based on psychiatric hospitals and with limited access to acute and community care could generate considerable cost- savings. Although the results of this modelling study needs to be taken with caution, early detection and early intervention services are recommended for multi-centre pilot testing accompanied by full economic evaluation in the region of Central and Eastern Europe.
Retracted: Test‐Retest Reliability of Dynamic Balance Performance‐Based Measures Among Adults With a Unilateral Lower‐Limb Amputation
Authors: Cardoso Jefferson R. , Beisheim Emma H. , Horne John R. , Sions J. Megan 
Published: July 2018

Cardoso JR, Beisheim EH, Horne JR, Sions JM. Test‐retest reliability of dynamic balance performance‐based measures among adults with a unilateral lower‐limb amputation. PM R, 2019;11:243–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2018.07.005.The above article, published online on 7 March 2019 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, Janna Friedly, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to calculation errors which render the study's results inaccurate.
DDoS attacks: past, present and future
Authors: Chadd Anthony 
Published: July 2018

Recently, US web-based hosting service GitHub was hit by the largest distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack in history. It was subjected to a colossal 1.35Tbps flood of traffic: unknown hackers attempted to take the platform offline, resulting in major websites across large portions of the US being out of action for a number of hours. DDoS attacks have reached new levels in the past year, advancing in both style and severity, with recent trends indicating we can expect to see more of the same in 2018. To stand a chance at winning in the cyberwar, organisations should place as much emphasis on cyber-security as they do on any other part of their business. Failure to give cyber-security the attention it deserves will not only leave businesses at risk of being the next victim of a DDoS attack, but also exposes them to wider knock-on reputational and financial damage, says Anthony Chadd of Neustar.
Flow-induced vibration of D-section cylinders: an afterbody is not essential for vortex-induced vibration
Authors: Zhao J. , Hourigan K. , Thompson M. C. 
Published: July 2018

While it has been known that an afterbody (i.e. the structural part of a bluff body downstream of the flow separation points) plays an important role affecting the wake characteristics and even may change the nature of the flow-induced vibration (FIV) of a structure, the question of whether an afterbody is essential for the occurrence of one particular common form of FIV, namely vortex-induced vibration (VIV), still remains. This has motivated the present study to experimentally investigate the FIV of an elastically mounted forward- or backward-facing D-section (closed semicircular) cylinder over the reduced velocity range$2.3\leqslant U^{\ast }\leqslant 20$, where$U^{\ast }=U/(f_{nw}D)$. Here,$U$is the free-stream velocity,$D$the cylinder diameter and$f_{nw}$the natural frequency of the system in quiescent fluid (water). The normal orientation with the body’s flat surface facing upstream is known to be subject to another common form of FIV, galloping, while the reverse D-section with the body’s curved surface facing upstream, due to the lack of an afterbody, has previously been reported to be immune to VIV. The fluid–structure system was modelled on a low-friction air-bearing system in conjunction with a recirculating water channel facility to achieve a low mass ratio (defined as the ratio of the total oscillating mass to that of the displaced fluid mass). Interestingly, through a careful overall examination of the dynamic responses, including the vibration amplitude and frequency, fluid forces and phases, our new findings showed that the D-section exhibits a VIV-dominated response for$U^{\ast }<10$, galloping-dominated response for$U^{\ast }>12.5$, and a transition regime with a VIV–galloping interaction in between. Also observed for the first time were interesting wake modes associated with these response regimes. However, in contrast to previous studies at high Reynolds number (defined by$Re=UD/\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$, with$\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}$the kinematic viscosity), which have showed that the D-section was subject to ‘hard’ galloping that required a substantial initial amplitude to trigger, it was observed in the present study that the D-section can gallop softly from rest. Surprisingly, on the other hand, it was found that the reverse D-section exhibits pure VIV features. Remarkable similarities were observed in a direct comparison with a circular cylinder of the same mass ratio, in terms of the onset$U^{\ast }$of significant vibration, the peak amplitude (only approximately 6 % less than that of the circular cylinder), and also the fluid forces and phases. Of most significance, this study shows that an afterbody is not essential for VIV at low mass and damping ratios.
Silicon-mediated and constitutive resistance to Rhopalosiphum maidis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in corn hybrids
Authors: Boer C.A. , Sampaio M.V. , Pereira H.S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important pest of corn, but no corn genotypes resistant to R. maidis are commercially available. Although the ability of silicon to induce plant resistance against some insects is known, the effect of silicon on R. maidis and in corn hybrids with different levels of constitutive resistance is still unknown. This study sought to determine the constitutive resistance of corn hybrids to R. maidis and silicon resistance induction in hybrids with different degrees of constitutive resistance. Field experiments with natural infestations of aphids were conducted in three locations in Brazil (Patos de Minas, Araguari, and Tupaciguara). Greenhouse trials were also used to evaluate the effect of varietal resistance on aphid population growth and identify resistant and susceptible genotypes. Aphid resistance induced by silicon was determined with resistant and susceptible corn hybrids. In the field, the corn hybrids BM8850, AS1625PRO, and DKB310PRO had the greatest proportion of plants infested by R. maidis in all three localities. The hybrids P30F53H, STATUS VIP, BM9288, DAS2B587HX, DKB175PRO, AS1633PRO, and DKB390PRO2 were the least infested in Patos de Minas and Araguari, and P30F53H was the least infested in Tupaciguara. When antibiosis effects were evaluated by aphid population growth, the hybrids AG7088PRO3 and DKB310PRO2 were susceptible, while P30F53YH was resistant. When natural aphid infestation was evaluated, wherein the effects of antibiosis and non-preference could not be discriminated, soil applications of silicon-induced resistance to R. maidis in both susceptible and constitutively resistant corn hybrids.
With One Voice: Elements of Acclamation in Early Jewish Liturgical Poetry
Authors: Lieber Laura S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this essay, the Rosh Hashanah Shofar service poems by the Jewish poet Yose ben Yose (fourth or fifth century CE, Land of Israel) are read through the lens of the Late Antique practice of acclamation. Yose's surviving body of works is limited, but he was influential within the Jewish tradition, and his poems have long been noted for their use of formal features such as fixed-word repetitions and refrains—features which align not only with poetic norms from the biblical period to Late Antiquity but also with the practice of acclamation. Jews attended (and performed in) the theater and games; they were familiar with rhetorical and oratorical training and related literary norms; and they were integrated socially, commercially, and politically into diverse and varied communities. The affinity of Jewish liturgical poetry from antiquity for other forms of poetic composition reflects Jews’ general embeddedness in Late Ancient culture. Reading Yose's poetry as shaped by the conventions of acclamation highlights how Yose and his congregants were not only distinctly Jewish but also thoroughly Roman.
First molecular identification of Strongyloides fuelleborni in long-tailed macaques in Thailand and Lao People's Democratic Republic reveals considerable genetic diversity
Authors: Thanchomnang T. , Intapan P.M. , Sanpool O. , Rodpai R. , Sadaow L. , Phosuk I. , Somboonpatarakun C. , Laymanivong S. , Tourtip S. , Maleewong W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStrongyloides fuelleborni is a soil-transmitted nematode parasite of non-human primates. The worm is prevalent also in human populations in Africa and South-East Asia. In this study, we amplified and sequenced a portion of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA) and of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of Strongyloides adult males recovered from faecal samples from long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Thailand and Lao PDR. The prevalence in Thailand was 31.1% (55/177) and in Lao PDR it was 62.1% (41/66), with an overall prevalence of 39.5% (96/243). All 18S rRNA sequences that we obtained (n = 96) showed 100% identity with published S. fuelleborni sequences. The 96 cox1 sequences that we obtained represented 32 new haplotypes. When included with the 17 previously known haplotypes from S. fuelleborni, the cox1 sequences fell into four clusters, which had clear geographical structure. This is the first molecular confirmation of S. fuelleborni in long-tailed macaques in Thailand and Lao PDR. Clearly, awareness needs to be raised of the zoonotic potential of S. fuelleborni. A monitoring programme should be organized, taking into account the role of reservoir hosts (i.e. monkeys) in the natural background of human strongyloidiasis caused by S. fuelleborni.
RETHINKING L2 MOTIVATION RESEARCH
Authors: Papi Mostafa , Bondarenko Anna Vitalyevna , Mansouri Soheil , Feng Liying , Jiang Chen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe present study proposed and tested a revision of the self-guides outlined in the L2 motivational self system (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009). Covering the previous conceptualization and measurement issues, ideal L2 self and ought-to L2 self were bifurcated by own and other standpoints, and reoperationalized based on the fundamental tenets of self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987) and regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fitness of the model and its superiority over three alternative models based on data collected from 257 international students learning English as a second language at a major North American university. Multiple regression results showed that ought L2 self/own was the strongest predictor of motivated behavior. Ideal L2 self/own, ought L2 self/other, and ideal L2 self/other were the next predictors in order of strength. Furthermore, ideal L2 self/own predicted an eager strategic inclination in L2 behavior, whereas ought L2 self/own predicted a vigilant strategic inclination, supporting the core principle of the regulatory focus theory that individuals with different regulatory orientations pursue their goals in qualitatively different manners.
Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) on food consumption and mortality in the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Toledo-Hernández Ricardo Alberto , Toledo Jorge , Sánchez Daniel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnastrepha ludens(Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an important pest of mango and citrus in Mexico. Here, we report the effect of the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae(Metsch.) Sorokin strain MAAP1 on mortality and food consumption inA. ludensadults. Experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions at 26 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and 12:12 photoperiod. To assess pathogenicity and sublethal effects, we sprayed flies with 1 × 109conidia/ml and 1 × 106conidia/ml solutions, respectively. Food consumption was measured by providing known amounts of food through capillary tubes to caged flies. We found thatM. anisopliaewas highly virulent toA. ludens, causing 92.3 ± 0.62% mortality at day 13 post-exposure. Interestingly, food consumption reduced by 17% in flies exposed to the fungus. These results support the implementation ofM. anisopliaewithin current strategies used for the integrated pest management ofA. ludens.
Strong Dependence of Extreme Convective Precipitation Intensities on Gauge Network Density
Authors: Schroeer Katharina , Kirchengast Gottfried , O Sungmin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractExtreme convective precipitation on subhourly scales is notoriously misrepresented in rain gauge‐based observations, but uncertainties are weakly quantified at the 1 to 30 km scale. We employ a unique observing network, the high‐density WegenerNet and surrounding operational rain gauge network in southeastern Austria, to sample convective precipitation extremes at these scales. By systematically constructing lower‐density networks, we explore how estimated maximum area precipitation depends on observing station density. Using subhourly to hourly temporal resolution, we find a d−0.5(±0.1) power law decay of the event maximum area precipitation over distances d from 1 to 30 km, showing that operational gauge networks underrate extreme convective precipitation falling over small areas. Furthermore, extremes at point scale are found underestimated by operational networks by about 20%. We consider the dependencies representative for short‐duration convective events over similar regions at midlatitudes and the results valuable for high‐resolution climate model evaluation.
On the Ocean Wave Attenuation Rate in Grease‐Pancake Ice, a Comparison of Viscous Layer Propagation Models With Field Data
Authors: De Santi Francesca , De Carolis Giacomo , Olla Piero , Doble Martin , Cheng Sukun , Shen Hayley H. , Wadhams Peter , Thomson Jim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe ability of viscous layer models to describe the attenuation of waves propagating in grease‐pancake ice covered ocean is investigated. In particular, the Keller's model (Keller, ; https://doi.org/10.1029/97JC02966), the two‐layer viscous model (De Carolis & Desiderio, ; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(02)01503-7) and the close‐packing model (De Santi & Olla, ; arXiv:1512.05631) are extensively validated by using wave attenuation data collected during two different field campaigns (Weddell Sea, Antarctica, April 2000; western Arctic Ocean, autumn 2015). We use these data to inspect the performance of the three models by minimizing the differences between the measured and model wave attenuation; the retrieved ice thickness is then compared with measured data. The three models allow to fit the observation data but with important differences in the three cases. The close‐packing model shows good agreement with the data for values of the ice viscosity comparable to those of grease ice in laboratory experiments. For thin ice, the Keller's model performance is similar to that of the close‐packing model, while for thick ice much larger values of the ice viscosity are required, which reflects the different ability of the two models to take into account the effect of pancakes. The improvement of performance over the Keller's model achieved by the two‐layer viscous model is minimal, which reflects the marginal role in the dynamics of a finite eddy viscosity in the ice‐free layer. A good ice thickness retrieval can be obtained by considering the ice layer as the only source in the wave dynamics, so that the wind input can be disregarded.
Polyaniline-intercalated manganese dioxide nanolayers as a high-performance cathode material for an aqueous zinc-ion battery
Authors: Huang Jianhang , Wang Zhuo , Hou Mengyan , Dong Xiaoli , Liu Yao , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRechargeable zinc–manganese dioxide batteries that use mild aqueous electrolytes are attracting extensive attention due to high energy density and environmental friendliness. Unfortunately, manganese dioxide suffers from substantial phase changes (e.g., from initial α-, β-, or γ-phase to a layered structure and subsequent structural collapse) during cycling, leading to very poor stability at high charge/discharge depth. Herein, cyclability is improved by the design of a polyaniline-intercalated layered manganese dioxide, in which the polymer-strengthened layered structure and nanoscale size of manganese dioxide serves to eliminate phase changes and facilitate charge storage. Accordingly, an unprecedented stability of 200 cycles with at a high capacity of 280 mA h g−1 (i.e., 90% utilization of the theoretical capacity of manganese dioxide) is achieved, as well as a long-term stability of 5000 cycles at a utilization of 40%. The encouraging performance sheds light on the design of advanced cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
Digital acoustofluidics enables contactless and programmable liquid handling
Authors: Zhang Steven Peiran , Lata James , Chen Chuyi , Mai John , Guo Feng , Tian Zhenhua , Ren Liqiang , Mao Zhangming , Huang Po-Hsun , Li Peng , Yang Shujie , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor decades, scientists have pursued the goal of performing automated reactions in a compact fluid processor with minimal human intervention. Most advanced fluidic handling technologies (e.g., microfluidic chips and micro-well plates) lack fluid rewritability, and the associated benefits of multi-path routing and re-programmability, due to surface-adsorption-induced contamination on contacting structures. This limits their processing speed and the complexity of reaction test matrices. We present a contactless droplet transport and processing technique called digital acoustofluidics which dynamically manipulates droplets with volumes from 1 nL to 100 µL along any planar axis via acoustic-streaming-induced hydrodynamic traps, all in a contamination-free (lower than 10−10% diffusion into the fluorinated carrier oil layer) and biocompatible (99.2% cell viability) manner. Hence, digital acoustofluidics can execute reactions on overlapping, non-contaminated, fluidic paths and can scale to perform massive interaction matrices within a single device.
High sensitivity organic inorganic hybrid X-ray detectors with direct transduction and broadband response
Authors: Thirimanne H. M. , Jayawardena K. D. G. I. , Parnell A. J. , Bandara R. M. I. , Karalasingam A. , Pani S. , Huerdler J. E. , Lidzey D. G. , Tedde S. F. , Nisbet A. , Mills C. A. , Silva S. R. P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractX-ray detectors are critical to healthcare diagnostics, cancer therapy and homeland security, with many potential uses limited by system cost and/or detector dimensions. Current X-ray detector sensitivities are limited by the bulk X-ray attenuation of the materials and consequently necessitate thick crystals (~1 mm–1 cm), resulting in rigid structures, high operational voltages and high cost. Here we present a disruptive, flexible, low cost, broadband, and high sensitivity direct X-ray transduction technology produced by embedding high atomic number bismuth oxide nanoparticles in an organic bulk heterojunction. These hybrid detectors demonstrate sensitivities of 1712 µC mGy−1 cm−3 for “soft” X-rays and ~30 and 58 µC mGy−1 cm−3 under 6 and 15 MV “hard” X-rays generated from a medical linear accelerator; strongly competing with the current solid state detectors, all achieved at low bias voltages (−10 V) and low power, enabling detector operation powered by coin cell batteries.