bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Treatment of Ruptured Fusiform Posterior Circulation Posterior Cerebral, Superior Cerebellar, and Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysms With FRED Flow Diverter: Report of 5 Cases
Authors: Laukka Dan , Rautio Riitta , Rahi Melissa , Rinne Jaakko 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Flow diverter (FD) treatment of ruptured fusiform posterior cerebral artery (PCA), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), and superior cerebellar artery (SCA) aneurysms are limited to single reports.

OBJECTIVE
To study the safety and efficacy of FD treatment for ruptured fusiform aneurysms of the PCA, SCA, and PICA.

METHODS
Five patients with ruptured posterior circulation fusiform aneurysms and treated with a Flow-Redirection Endoluminal Device (FRED/FRED Jr; Microvention, Tustin, California) stent in the acute phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage between 2013 and 2016 were included and reviewed retrospectively.

RESULTS
Two aneurysms located on the PICA, 2 on PCA, and 1 on the SCA. Mean treatment time with FD was 5.8 d (range, 0-11 d) from ictus. The technical success rate was 100%. On admission 2 patients were Hunt and Hess grade 1, 2 patients grade 3, and 1 patient grade 4. At discharge, 4 patients (80%) were independent (modified Ranking Scale (mRS) ≤2) and 1 patient had severe disability (mRS 4). None of the patients had aneurysmal rebleeding. All 5 aneurysms were completely occluded on angiographic follow-up (range, 3-22 mo). One patient had permanent intraprocedural in stent thrombosis and brain infarction. One patient had spontaneous nonaneurysmal intracerebral hemorrhage 1 mo after FD treatment. External ventricular drainage was inserted in 3 patients and ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 2 patients without hemorrhagic complications despite dual antiplatelet therapy.

CONCLUSION
FD could be considered as a treatment option for ruptured fusiform aneurysms located on PCA, PICA, or SCA when other treatment options are challenging.
John Stuart Mill
Authors: Larsen Timothy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
John Stuart Mill observed in his Autobiography that he was a rare case in nineteenth-century Britain because he had not lost his religion but never had any. He was a freethinker from beginning to end. What is not often realized, however, is that Mill’s life was nevertheless impinged upon by religion at every turn. This is true both of the close relationships that shaped him and of his own thoughts. Mill was a religious sceptic, but not the kind of person which that term usually conjures up. The unexpected prominence of spirituality is not only there in Mill’s late, startling essay, ‘Theism’, in which he makes the case for hope in God and in Christ. It is everywhere—in his immediate family, his best friends, and his vision for the future. It is even there in such a seemingly unlikely place as his Logic, which repeatedly addresses religious themes. John Stuart Mill: A Secular Life is a full biography which follows one of Britain’s most well-respected intellectuals through all of the key moments in his life from falling in love to sitting in Parliament and beyond. It also explores his classic works including, On Liberty, Principles of Political Economy, Utilitarianism, and The Subjection of Women. In this well-researched study which offers original findings and insights, you will encounter the Mill you never knew; the Mill that even some of his closest disciples never knew. This is John Stuart Mill, the Saint of Rationalism—a secular life and a spiritual life.
Vanity and Vexation of Spirit
Authors: Larsen Timothy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores Mill’s famous mental crisis and period of despondency as a young man. He wrote of it in language that strongly and explicitly paralleled loss-of-faith narratives (in this case, the faith that was in crisis was not a conventionally religious one, but rather Benthamism) and the evangelical conversion narrative (again, in this case, what he was being converted to was not a conventional religious faith, but rather Romanticism). This chapter also traces Mill’s strong connections with Unitarian Christianity, not least through his relationship with the Reverend William Johnson Fox. His substitute mother, Sarah Austin, was also a Unitarian, as was the great love of his life, Harriet Taylor.
Love Thy Neighbour as Thyself
Authors: Larsen Timothy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The focus of this chapter is on the mature Mill and Utilitarianism, not least his 1861 treatise of that name which attempted to offer a broader, more defensible version of the Benthamite legacy. It uncovers the Christian Utilitarianism of William Paley and explores Mill’s own claim that Utilitarianism was the teaching of Jesus of Nazareth. This chapter then goes on to discuss the Catholic faith and commitment to the Mass of Mill’s stepdaughter and closest companion and collaborator during the last fifteen years of his life, Helen Taylor, as well as the devout Christianity of his stepson, Algernon, whom Mill even had write about a church father for the Westminster Review.
The Structure of Single Networks
Authors: Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Chapters 2–3 constitute Part II of the book, ‘Single Networks’, and provide a reference point for the rest of the book devoted exclusively to Multilayer Networks, making the book self-contained. This chapter provides the relevant background on the network structure of complex networks formed by just one layer (single networks). Here the basic definitions of network structure are given, the major network universalities are presented and methods to extract relevant information from network structure including centrality measures and community detection methods are discussed. Finally, modelling frameworks are introduced including random graphs, growing network models (including notably the Barabasi–Albert Model) and network ensembles.
Basic Structural Properties
Authors: Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this chapter the basic structural properties of multilayer networks are given. This chapter reveals that on multilayer networks the most basic structural properties of a network such as the degree or the clustering coefficient are also significantly modified. Therefore, it is necessary to define the multiplex degree and the multiplex degree distribution, the multilayer degree and the multilayer degree distribution, and the multilayer clustering coefficients. The chapter also discusses the relation between the properties of multiplex and multi-slice networks and the corresponding properties of their aggregated network. Finally, the chapter introduces multilayer distance-dependent measures, including generalization of the betweenness centrality (interdependence, cross-betweenness) and of the closeness centrality.
‘Pluck’t from the Pit’
Authors: Newton Hannah 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Recovery was often experienced as a narrow escape from death. ‘I was snatch’d out of the very Jaws of Death!’, exclaimed Thomas Steward from Suffolk in 1699. While historians have examined emotional responses to the prospect of death, little has been said about reactions to not dying; this new angle sheds fresh light on attitudes to both life and death. Patients usually expressed great joy, and gave three reasons for doing so: the relief of the body and soul not to have to part; the desire to remain in the ‘land of the living’; and the opportunity to ‘improve’ one’s salvation. Occasionally, however, owing to beliefs in the superiority of heaven over earth, patients felt disappointed not to die! This chapter also discusses families’ reactions, showing that their feelings varied according to their relationship with the patient, and the timing and means through which they heard of the survival.
Developmental Systems Theory as a Process Theory
Authors: Griffiths Paul , Stotz Karola 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Paul Griffiths and Russell D. Gray have argued that the fundamental unit of analysis in developmental systems theory should be a process—the life cycle—and not a set of developmental resources and interactions between those resources. The key concepts of developmental systems theory, epigenesis and developmental dynamics, also suggest a process view of the units of development. This chapter explores in greater depth the features of developmental systems theory that favour treating processes as fundamental in biology and examines the continuity between developmental systems theory and ideas about process in the work of several major figures in early twentieth-century biology, most notably C. H. Waddington.
Capturing Processes
Authors: Rosa Laura Nuño de la 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
While a processual view of biological entities might be said to be congenial to embryologists, the intractability and speed of developmental processes traditionally led to an epistemological abandon of processes in favour of the advantages of discretizing ontogenies in arrays of patterns. It is not until the turn of the twenty-first century that the digital embryos obtained from in vivo microscopy have started to replace developmental series as the reference representations of development. This chapter looks at how new microscopy, molecular, and computer technologies for reconstructing biological processes are contributing to a processual understanding of development. First it investigates how time-lapse imaging has brought with it a radical dynamization, not only of the images, but also of the theories of development themselves. Next it explores the role that imaging technologies have played in the return of organicism in developmental biology. Finally, it focuses on how quantitative imaging contributes to the explanatory modelling of developmental processes.
Intersecting Processes Are Necessary Explanantia for Evolutionary Biology, but Challenge Retrodiction
Authors: Bapteste Eric , Anderson Gemma 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Processes are ubiquitous in biology and play a key explanatory role in evolutionary biology, where they are frequently depicted by patterns. In particular, phylogenetic trees represent divergence from a last common ancestor with a branching pattern. However, the increasingly recognized underdetermination of phylogenetic trees limits the accuracy of tree-based retrodiction. Even phylogenetic networks, which include additional processes intersecting with vertical descent, still provide incomplete descriptions of evolutionary processes, as they usually miss processes that impact unrelated lineages. Interaction networks highlight the intersection of processes that sustain biological diversity. The complex topology of all these networks further challenges retrodiction. Remarkably, when intersecting processes are involved in evolutionary transitions, they introduce new biological processes on Earth. Processes, and hence the explanantia of evolutionary biology, evolve, which challenges uniformitarian approaches to retrodiction. Despite these difficulties, a yet to be introduced typology of processes would help to analyse the (big) processual picture of life.
Governing Extractive Industries
Authors: Bebbington Anthony , Abdulai Abdul-Gafaru , Humphreys Bebbington Denise , Hinfelaar Marja , Sanborn Cynthia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProposals for more effective natural resource governance emphasize the importance of institutions and governance, but say less about the political conditions under which institutional change occurs. This book synthesizes findings regarding the political drivers of institutional change in extractive industry governance. The authors analyse resource governance from the late nineteenth century to the present in Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. They focus on the ways in which resource governance and national political settlements interact. Special attention is paid to the nature of elite politics, the emergence of new political actors, forms of political contention, changing ideas regarding natural resources and development, the geography of natural resource deposits, and the influence of the transnational political economy of global commodity production. National elites and subnational actors are in continuous contention over extractive industry governance. Resource rents are used by elites to manage this contention and incorporate actors into governing coalitions and overall political settlements. Periodically, new resource frontiers are opened, and new political actors emerge with the power to redefine how extractive industries are governed and used as instruments for development. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction continue to give political valence to ideas of resource nationalism that mobilize actors who challenge existing institutional arrangements. The book is innovative in its focus on the political longue durée, and the use of in-depth, comparative, country-level analysis in Africa and Latin America, to build a theoretical argument that accounts for both similarity and divergence between these regions.
Nogo‐A promotes inflammatory heat hyperalgesia by maintaining TRPV‐1 function in the rat dorsal root ganglion neuron
Authors: Hu Fang , Liu Huai-Cun , Su Dong-Qiang , Chen Hai-Jing , Chan Sun-On , Wang Yun , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTNogo‐A is a key inhibitory molecule of axon regeneration in oligodendrocytes. However, little is known about its role in adult neurons. In this study, we showed an important function of Nogo‐A on regulation of inflammatory pain in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In adult rats with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) hind paw inflammation, DRG neurons showed a significant increase in Nogo‐A expression. Disruption of Nogo‐A signaling with Nogo‐66 receptor antagonist peptide, Nogo‐A blocking antibody, Nogo‐A short hairpin RNA, or Nogo‐A gene knockout attenuated CFA‐induced inflammatory heat hyperalgesia. Moreover, disruption of Nogo‐A signaling suppressed the function and expression in DRG neurons of the transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member (TRPV)‐1 channel, which is known to be the endogenous transducer of noxious heat during inflammation. These effects were accompanied with a reduction in LIM domain kinase (LIMK)/cofilin phosphorylation and actin polymerization. Similar disruption of actin filament architecture by direct action of Latrunculin A reduced the TRPV‐1 activity and up‐regulation of TRPV‐1 protein caused by CFA. We conclude that Nogo‐A plays an essential role in the development of inflammatory heat hyperalgesia, partly through maintaining TRPV‐1 function via activation of the LIMK/cofilin pathway, which regulates actin filament dynamics. These findings support a therapeutic potential of modulating Nogo‐A signaling in pain management.—Hu, F., Liu, H.‐C., Su, D.‐Q., Chen, H.‐J., Chan, S.‐O., Wang, Y., Wang, J. Nogo‐A promotes inflammatory heat hyperalgesia by maintaining TRPV‐1 function in the rat dorsal root ganglion neuron. FASEB J. 33, 668–682 (2019). www.fasebj.org
Globalization and anaphylaxis
Authors: Kase Tanno Luciana , Ansotegui Ignacio , Demoly Pascal 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
To understand the impact of globalization in the management of anaphylaxis and identify potential strategies to improve patients’ care and prevention.

Recent findings
Developments in the field of anaphylaxis have been consistently following these globalization trends offering possibilities of collaborations of the allergy community and integrated international initiatives to reach quality care of allergic patients worldwide.

Summary
Globalization is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide. Developments in the field of anaphylaxis have been following these globalization trends offering possibilities of collaborations and integrated international initiatives to reach quality care of allergic patients worldwide. Complex disorders, such as anaphylaxis, have called for complex integrative strategies, leading to a new acceptance of outside traditions. Allergy is encouraging us to accept holistic and integrative medical practices as viable options. With the dissolution of multinational boundaries and the universal free access to information, the notion of holistic and global-based care is emerging as the new reality of the medicine. We strongly believe that the integrated action plan to the management and prevention of anaphylaxis, just possible through the globalization, is a key health, political and economical move that advocates for the best practice of allergology.
Mini Screws for Improving Accuracy in Navigation-assisted Spine Surgery
Authors: Ahmadi Sebastian A. , Hashemi Amin , Harms Jürgen , Orakcioglu Berk 
Published: July 2018

Study Design:
Presentation of a surgical technique with accompanying video (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/CLINSPINE/A67) of an illustrative case.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to present a helpful and easy-to-implement technique for improving initial referencing accuracy, as well as rereferencing accuracy in cases of multilevel instrumentation or in cases of dislocation of the reference array.

Summary of Background Data:
Navigation-assisted spine surgery has become standard of care in most hospitals performing complex spine interventions. Although short-segment instrumentations are fairly straight-forward with current hardware and software solutions, obtaining ideal accuracies and troubleshooting reference array disruptions remain challenging.

Methods:
A surgical technique is presented as a step-by-step guide using intraoperative videos and photographs as well as imaging data in an illustrative case of thoracic hemivertebra resection and dorsal instrumentation.

Technique/Results:
After skin incision is performed at the index level, posterior soft tissue preparation is performed. Before firmly attaching the reference array to a spinous process we then insert a minimum of four 5 mm mini screws at any bony structure within the exposure. Then an intraoperative navigation scan (3-dimensional computed tomography or x-ray) is obtained, and initial referencing is performed using the previously inserted mini screws as landmarks. This yields mean accuracies of 1 mm or lower and is easily verifiable by placing the navigation probe on a mini screw head. This action can be swiftly repeated at any time to prevent reduced accuracy because of insertion forces applied during pedicle screw placement. In addition, this allows for easy rereferencing in cases of disruption or complete removal of the navigation array, eliminating the need to perform additional computed tomography or x-ray scans during the procedure.

Conclusions:
The technique presented allows for rapid and highly accurate initial referencing and can be used in all cases of navigation-assisted spine surgery. It also allows for hassle-free rereferencing in cases of disruption or accidental removal of the reference array.
Reappraisal of eligibility criteria in cancer clinical trials
Authors: Penel Nicolas , Lebellec Loïc , Vanseymortier Marie 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
We aimed to summarize the recent reflections and collaborative initiatives pertaining to the definition of more appropriate eligibility criteria in cancer clinical trials.

Recent findings
There is an intrinsic tension between two opposite purposes when it comes to defining eligibility criteria: on the one hand, participants must be protected, and on the other, the study population must be defined as accurately as possible. However, stringent eligibility criteria jeopardize the feasibility of trials, and, consequently, the generalizability of trial results. Therefore, interdisciplinary working groups under the auspices of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and Friends of Cancer Research propose to adapt/relax some of the classical eligibility criteria.

Summary
In-depth reflection of the existing eligibility criteria, and implementation of recent recommendations are needed.
The role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Friedrichs Birte , Stelljes Matthias , Schmitz Norbert 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of review
T – and natural killer (NK) cell neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases with often inferior outcome. Only few studies exist, clarifying the role of allogeneic transplantation in different clinical scenarios. Larger prospective randomized studies are largely missing even for the more frequent entities. Mostly retrospective analysis and anecdotal reports of patients with advanced disease are available, hampering direct conclusions on the significance of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT).

Recent findings
Looking at recent data for T and NK cell neoplasm, it becomes evident that advances in donor search and availability of alternative stem cell sources as haploidentical or mismatched donors in addition to substantial improvements in graft-versus-host-disease prophylaxis reduce treatment-related mortality in alloSCT. The time point of transplantation has been described in a number of studies to be critically impacting outcome results as patients with advanced, chemorefractory disease often profit much less from alloSCT.

Summary
Allogeneic transplantation offers a treatment option that can induce long-term remissions even in the relapsed setting. Many patients do not reach transplantation though because of chemorefractory disease and efforts should be made to bring more patients to transplantation earlier in the course of disease.
AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION–ASSOCIATED PERIPAPILLARY CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN THE ERA OF ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY
Authors: Lin Tiezhu , Dans Kunny , Meshi Amit , Muftuoglu Ilkay Kilic , Amador-Patarroyo Manuel J. , Chen Kevin C. , Cheng Lingyun , Freeman William R. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
To characterize the natural history and response of age-related macular degeneration–associated peripapillary choroidal neovascularization to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy.

Methods:
This was a retrospective case series of patients with peripapillary choroidal neovascularization secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration. All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examination and retinal imaging including fluorescein angiography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography at each visit. Eyes with subretinal or intraretinal macular fluid were treated with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy using a modified as-needed treatment algorithm.

Results:
Thirty-three eyes of 27 patients were included. The median age was 82 years (range, 62–94), and the median duration of follow-up was 65 months (range, 6–165). Fourteen eyes (58%) without fovea-involving fluid at baseline subsequently developed exudation after a median observation period of 16 months (range, 4–107). Ten of 24 eyes (42%) without initial macular fluid remained dry during the entire follow-up. The median number of injections required until complete fluid reabsorption was 3 (range, 1–21) during the first treatment cycle. The median time to fluid recurrence was 6 months (range, 3–74).

Conclusion:
Peripapillary choroidal neovascularization secondary to wet age-related macular degeneration has a slow progression, may not require treatment for a prolonged period, and responds rapidly to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment with good visual outcomes.