bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hawthorne effect on surgical studies
Authors: Demetriou Charis , Hu Lisi , Smith Toby O. , Hing Caroline B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Hawthorne effect or ‘observer effect’ describes a change in normal behaviour when individuals are aware they are being observed. This may have an impact on effect estimates in clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to determine if the Hawthorne effect had been recorded as a risk of bias in surgical studies.MethodsA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses compliant literature search was conducted till March 2019. Eligible studies included those reporting or not reporting the Hawthorne effect in surgical studies from the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, BNI, HMIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and OpenGrey. Two reviewers independently reviewed the papers, extracted data and appraised study methods using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale or the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were analysed descriptively.ResultsA total of 842 papers were identified, of which 16 were eligible. Six (37%) observational studies were identified with the aim of measuring the Hawthorne effect on their outcome with five reporting that the Hawthorne effect was responsible for the improvements in outcomes and one reporting no change in outcome due to the Hawthorne effect. Ten (63%) studies were identified, of which eight used the Hawthorne effect as an explanation to improvements seen in the control group or their secondary outcomes and two to compare their results with other studies.ConclusionThere is considerable between‐study heterogeneity on how the Hawthorne effect relates to surgical outcomes. Further consideration on reporting and considering the importance of the Hawthorne effect in the design of surgical trials is warranted.
Cell therapy for central nervous system disorders: Current obstacles to progress
Authors: Yasuhara Takao , Kawauchi Satoshi , Kin Kyohei , Morimoto Jun , Kameda Masahiro , Sasaki Tatsuya , Bonsack Brooke , Kingsbury Chase , Tajiri Naoki , Borlongan Cesario V. , Date Isao 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCell therapy for disorders of the central nervous system has progressed to a new level of clinical application. Various clinical studies are underway for Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and various other neurological diseases. Recent biotechnological developments in cell therapy have taken advantage of the technology of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The advent of iPS cells has provided a robust stem cell donor source for neurorestoration via transplantation. Additionally, iPS cells have served as a platform for the discovery of therapeutics drugs, allowing breakthroughs in our understanding of the pathology and treatment of neurological diseases. Despite these recent advances in iPS, adult tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells remain the widely used donor for cell transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells are easily isolated and amplified toward the cells' unique trophic factor‐secretion property. In this review article, the milestone achievements of cell therapy for central nervous system disorders, with equal consideration on the present translational obstacles for clinic application, are described.
Increase in IL‐17‐positive cells in sinonasal inverted papilloma
Authors: Cao Chen , Yu Si Fei , Zhou Yu Tao , Guo Xue Xue , Guo Jie Bo , Wu Chang You , Li Chun Wei , Chen He Xin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveNeutrophil infiltration in patients with sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is significantly high. Whether IL‐17, which is a potent factor mediating neutrophilic inflammation, is involved in the neutrophilic phenotype of SNIP is investigated in the current study.Study designLaboratorial study.ParticipantsNasal papilloma and inferior turbinate were collected from patients with SNIP (n = 50) and control subjects with septal deviation (n = 15).MethodsIL‐17 + cells were evaluated in tissues obtained from patients with SNIP and control subjects with septal deviation, by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.Main outcome measuresThe IL‐17 + cells were mainly localised in mononuclear cells and neutrophils, and were up‐regulated in the SNIP samples compared with those in the controls. The IL‐17 + T‐cell subsets mainly included CD4+ (Th17, 60.0%) and CD8+ (Tc17, 30.0%), and both subsets were enhanced in the SNIP samples than controls. The total level of IL‐17 + cells was significantly correlated with neutrophil infiltration in the SNIP tissues. Furthermore, the SNIP homogenates could significantly promote IL‐17 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ConclusionsAn increase in IL‐17 + cells is evident in SNIP and may be involved in neutrophil infiltration in local tissues. IL‐17 could be a potential therapeutic target to relieve the neutrophilic pathological change in SNIP.
Curriculum Based Interactive Exhibition Design and Family's Learning Experiences: A Case Study of the Children's Art Museum in Taipei
Authors: Lee Tiffany Shuang‐Ching 
Published: October 2019

Abstract“Hands‐on learning” and “learning through play” are key terms that museums use to describe the interactive learning environments designed for families with young children. Using A Vastly Different Perspective exhibition at the Children's Art Museum in Taipei (CAMIT) as a case study, this research examines how interactive exhibition is designed and the learning experiences that occur that distinguishes it from other museums. The research shows that the most challenging issue for the CAMIT design team was to translate artistic concepts from the art studio environment into experiences in interactive galleries. It reveals that children engage in different types of play and that the roles of “learners” and “facilitator” interchange flexibly within family interactions. Conclusions of the research suggest two areas for further attention. First, museums like CAMIT need to test new strategies for engaging children and families through exhibit design and second, CAMIT and other museums of its kind may need to experiment with new ways of helping parents facilitate their children's learning in interactive exhibits.
Potential host fruits for Drosophila suzukii: olfactory and oviposition preferences and suitability for development
Authors: Cai Pumo , Song Yunzhe , Yi Chuandong , Zhang Qiwen , Xia Huimin , Lin Jia , Zhang Hehe , Yang Jianquan , Ji Qinge , Chen Jiahua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), the spotted wing drosophila, is a pest endemic to Southeast Asia that invaded the Americas and Europe in 2008. In contrast to most of its congeners, D. suzukii possesses a serrated ovipositor that allows it to lay eggs in unwounded commercial fruits, resulting in severe revenue losses for the industry. The purpose of this study was to determine the susceptibility of known host fruits, including cherry, strawberry, blueberry, and grape, and potential host fruits, such as banana and apple, to attack by D. suzukii. Based on the responses to volatile cues offered in a six‐choice olfactometer, the preference of female D. suzukii was ranked in the following order: strawberry = cherry > banana = apple = blueberry = grape, but in no‐choice and choice oviposition tests, the preferences were ranked as follows: cherry > strawberry = blueberry > grape = banana > apple. Furthermore, we reconfirmed that D. suzukii mainly targets rotten fruit for feeding and ripe fruit for oviposition, and females preferred fruits with intensive mechanical damage. Based on developmental parameters, apple was the least suitable host. This study has implications for the control of D. suzukii, especially in mixed fruit orchards, by providing a promising avenue for exploiting behaviour‐based control tools and emphasizing the importance of phenology in host fruit susceptibility.
Cell‐type‐specific visualisation and biochemical isolation of endogenous synaptic proteins in mice
Authors: Zhu Fei , Collins Mark O. , Harmse Johan , Choudhary Jyoti S. , Grant Seth G. N. , Komiyama Noboru H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the remarkable molecular complexity of synapses has been revealed, with over 1,000 proteins identified in the synapse proteome. Although it is known that different receptors and other synaptic proteins are present in different types of neurons, the extent of synapse diversity across the brain is largely unknown. This is mainly due to the limitations of current techniques. Here, we report an efficient method for the purification of synaptic protein complexes, fusing a high‐affinity tag to endogenous PSD95 in specific cell types. We also developed a strategy, which enables the visualisation of endogenous PSD95 with fluorescent‐protein tag in Cre‐recombinase‐expressing cells. We demonstrate the feasibility of proteomic analysis of synaptic protein complexes and visualisation of these in specific cell types. We find that the composition of PSD95 complexes purified from specific cell types differs from those extracted from tissues with diverse cellular composition. The results suggest that there might be differential interactions in the PSD95 complexes in different brain regions. We have detected differentially interacting proteins by comparing data sets from the whole hippocampus and the CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Therefore, these novel conditional PSD95 tagging lines will not only serve as powerful tools for precisely dissecting synapse diversity in specific brain regions and subsets of neuronal cells, but also provide an opportunity to better understand brain region‐ and cell‐type‐specific alterations associated with various psychiatric/neurological diseases. These newly developed conditional gene tagging methods can be applied to many different synaptic proteins and will facilitate research on the molecular complexity of synapses.
A novel application of the Price equation reveals that landscape diversity promotes the response of bees to regionally rare plant species
Authors: Bloom Elias H. , Northfield Tobin D. , Crowder David W. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBees are ecosystem service providers that are globally threatened by losses of plant diversity. However, effects of multi‐species floral displays on bees in agro‐ecosystems with variable landscape context remain poorly understood, hindering pollinator conservation tactics. We addressed this knowledge gap through a novel application of the modified Price equation to evaluate responses of bees to diverse floral communities on 36 farms in Washington, USA, over 3 years. We found that floral richness, not floral identity, was the best predictor of floral visits by bees. However, the benefits of regionally rare floral species (i.e. plants found at relatively few sites) were only fully realised when farms were embedded in diverse landscapes. Our analysis used the modified Price equation to demonstrate that plant diversity, rather than specific plant species, promotes pollinator visitation, and that diverse landscapes promote the response of pollinators to regionally rare plant species.
Evenness effects mask richness effects on ecosystem functioning at macro‐scales in lakes
Authors: Filstrup Christopher T. , King Katelyn B. S. , McCullough Ian M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBiodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) theory has largely focused on species richness, although studies have demonstrated that evenness may have stronger effects. While theory and numerous small‐scale studies support positive BEF relationships, regional studies have documented negative effects of evenness on ecosystem functioning. We analysed a lake dataset spanning the continental US to evaluate whether strong evenness effects are common at broad spatial scales and if BEF relationships are similar across diverse regions and trophic levels. At the continental scale, phytoplankton evenness explained more variance in phytoplankton and zooplankton resource use efficiency (RUE; ratio of biomass to resources) than richness. For individual regions, slopes of phytoplankton evenness–RUE relationships were consistently negative and positive for phytoplankton and zooplankton RUE, respectively, and most slopes did not significantly differ among regions. Findings suggest that negative evenness effects may be more common than previously documented and are not exceptions restricted to highly disturbed systems.
Systematic review to inform the development of a community pharmacy-based intervention for people affected by dementia
Authors: Dann-Reed Eleanor , Poland Fiona , Wright David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
People living with dementia (PWD) frequently receive medicine regularly from their community pharmacy, thus providing an opportunity to address either directly or through a carer any unmet medicine-related needs. The aim of this systematic review was to identify, describe, and evaluate the quality of the research for dementia-specific pharmacy-based interventions with potential for delivery through community pharmacy. This would inform the design of future services and associated trials.

Key Findings
The systematic review process identified 29 studies. Interventions were categorised as medication review, targeted medicine intervention, education, memory screening and miscellaneous. Five studies were set in community pharmacy. Interventions frequently targeted antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and anticholinergic medication. Twenty interventions were medicine-related. Eighteen studies were categorised as ‘very low’ quality, often due to small sample size.

Summary
The review identified a range of interventions, which could be delivered through community pharmacy, and potentially benefit PWD. Developing appropriate and efficient training and working in multi-disciplinary teams were identified as necessary for effectiveness. Further research is needed to identify which service elements are likely to be acceptable to both patients and practitioners as well as the barriers and enablers to their implementation.
Conceptual modelling of the factors affecting oral health‐related quality of life in children: A path analysis
Authors: Buldur Burak , Güvendi Ozge Nur 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to understand the interaction of various predictors with oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) to better design effective interventions to improve OHRQoL.AimThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a conceptual model evaluating the factors affecting the OHRQoL in children.DesignThe study group consisted of 754 parent‐child dyads. The data collection tools were a socio‐demographic data form, the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (C‐DAS), Children's Fear Survey Schedule‐Dental Subscale (CFSS‐DS), and an oral and dental health examination form. A conceptual model was developed to examine the factors affecting OHRQoL in children consisting of four endogenous and four exogenous variables. Path analysis was used to test the compatibility of the conceptual model.ResultsOHRQoL was associated with parental socio‐economic status (β = −0.12; P < .001), dental anxiety (β = −0.15; P < .001), and oral health behaviours (β = −0.13; P < .001). Although parental dental anxiety had the strongest direct effect on OHRQoL, children's oral health behaviours had the strongest indirect effect.ConclusionsThis study revealed a valid demonstrable path of association between parental socio‐economic status, dental anxiety, childhood dental anxiety, oral health behaviours, and OHRQoL.
Fracture behavior of magnesia refractory materials under combined cyclic thermal shock and mechanical loading conditions
Authors: Dai Yajie , Li Yawei , Jin Shengli , Harmuth Harald , Xu Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTo investigate the effect of cyclic thermal shock and mechanical loading on the fracture behavior of magnesia refractories showing different brittleness, the as‐received and cyclic thermally shocked specimens are subjected to monotonic and cyclic wedge splitting test. The whole duration of test is monitored by digital image correlation and acoustic emission. Both thermal and mechanical fatigue resistance increase with the reduction of brittleness. Repetitive thermal shock results in pronounced reduction of strength. However, the specific fracture energy and nonlinearity increase after exposure to thermal shock due to the expanded micro‐crack network inducing the development of a significant fracture process zone. Periodic loading mainly leads to the decrease of strain bearing capacity, as the fatigue loads favor the extension of crack tip instead of fracture process zone expansion. The combined application of periodic thermal shock and mechanical loads gives a new insight into the progressive damage behavior of refractory under critical conditions.
Experience of Japanese pregnant women with cancer in decision‐making regarding cancer treatment and obstetric care
Authors: Kozu Mika , Masujima Mariko , Majima Tomoko 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimWomen who are diagnosed with cancer during pregnancy must make difficult, life‐changing decisions that affect their own life and that of their fetus. The psychological impact of distress and anxiety resulting from facing often conflicting choices can greatly influence survival in these women. We conducted this study to clarify the experience of pregnant women with cancer in decision‐making and to consider the role of nurses in providing care to pregnant women with cancer during their decision‐making.MethodsThis qualitative study included post‐partum Japanese women diagnosed with cancer who had made any treatment or pregnancy decisions. Data collection was conducted using semi‐structured interviews and medical record review. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and classified into subcategories, categories, themes, and phases.ResultsParticipants comprised eight women with leukemia and cervical, breast, and digestive cancers. The decision‐making experiences of these eight pregnant women with cancer were categorized into three phases: the interaction between the woman and her fetus, family members, and medical staff; confrontation with dilemma and uncertainty; and redefinition of the women's own decisions.ConclusionsThe experience of Japanese pregnant women with cancer in decision‐making has two aspects: verbal and nonverbal communication with their surroundings and reflection. The role of a nurse is to guarantee these women continuous communication channels and frank dialogue, to empower them in expressing their thoughts and informational needs to medical staff and family members.
Intrapartum cardiotocography patterns observed in suspected clinical and subclinical chorioamnionitis in term fetuses
Authors: Galli Letizia , Dall'Asta Andrea , Whelehan Virginia , Archer Abigail , Chandraharan Edwin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the cardiotocography (CTG) features observed in suspected intrapartum chorioamnionitis in term fetuses according to the recently suggested criteria for the pathophysiological interpretation of the fetal heart rate and their correlation with perinatal outcomes.MethodsRetrospective analysis of nonconsecutive CTG traces. ‘CTG chorioamnionitis’ was diagnosed either based on a persistent rise in the baseline for the given gestation or on a persistent increase in the baseline fetal heart rate during labor >10% without preceding CTG signs of hypoxia and in the absence of maternal pyrexia. Perinatal outcomes were compared among cases with no sign of chorioamnionitis, in those with only CTG features suspicious for chorioamnionitis and in those who developed clinical chorioamnionitis.ResultsTwo thousand one hundred and five CTG traces were analyzed. Of these, 356 fulfilled the criteria for “CTG chorioamnionitis”. Higher rates of Apgar <7 at 1 and 5 min (21.6% vs 9.0% and 9.8% vs 2.0%, respectively, P < 0.01 for both) and lower umbilical artery pH (7.14 ± 0.11 vs 7.19 ± 0.11, P < 0.01) and an over fivefold higher rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission (16.6% vs 2.9%, P < 0.01) were noted in the ‘CTG chorioamnionitis’ group. Differences in the incidence of abnormal CTG patterns were noted between cases who eventually had clinical evidence of chorioamnionitis (89/356) and those showing CTG features suspicious for chorioamnionitis in the absence of clinical evidence of chorioamnionitis (267/356).ConclusionIntrapartum CTG features of suspected chorioamnionitis are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.
Nucleotide diversity and demographic history of Pinus bungeana, an endangered conifer species endemic in China
Authors: Yang Yi‐Xin , Zhi Li‐Qiang , Jia Yun , Zhong Qiu‐Yi , Liu Zhan‐Lin , Yue Ming , Li Zhong‐Hu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOrographic and climatic oscillations have played crucial roles in shaping the nucleotide diversity and evolutionary history of many species across the Northern Hemisphere. In this study, based on 10 nuclear loci and a chloroplast DNA marker, we analyzed the nucleotide polymorphisms and demographic history of the endangered conifer species Pinus bungeana in Northwest China and investigated the phylogenetic relationships between P. bungeana and two related species, that is, Pinus gerardiana and Pinus squamata. We found that P. bungeana exhibited an extremely low level of nucleotide diversity (πsil = 0.00159). Demographic simulations based on DIYABC analysis showed that P. bungeana underwent demographic expansion and contraction during the Miocene. According to ecological niche modeling, we found that this species survived in situ during the glacial period and was not restricted to southern refugia. We speculate that P. bungeana may have experienced widespread population shrinkage from the Last Interglacial to the Last Glacial Maximum due to geological or climatic events. Isolation‐with‐migration analysis revealed that the divergence (~2.4–4.2 Ma) among P. bungeana and its related species was significantly associated with the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau uplift events in the mid‐to‐late Tertiary period. Species tree analyses suggested that these three related Pinus species formed a monophyletic clade with high bootstrap support. These results suggest that the Miocene–Pliocene and Pleistocene geological and climatic fluctuations might have profoundly affected the nucleotide diversity and demography of this psychrotolerant conifer species in western China.