bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of stress response and productive performance of Litopenaeus vannamei through diet
Authors: Martínez-Antonio Eliza M. , Racotta Ilie S. , Ruvalcaba-Márquez Juan C. , Magallón-Barajas Francisco 
Published: May 2019

The high tolerance of Litopenaeus vannamei to a wide range of salinity (1–50 psu) makes this species an excellent candidate for culture under low salinity, decreasing shrimp epidemics and water pollution in some coastal areas. However, salinity levels outside the optimal range could impose several physiological constraints that would in turn affect growth and survival, particularly in the presence of additional stressors (e.g. high densities, handling practices, and hypoxia). Despite shrimp susceptibility to individual stressors has been widely addressed, information regarding response to chronic and acute stressors combined and its relation to diet is scarce. Thus, the aim of our study was to determine the effect of diet on the susceptibility to chronic (low salinity) and acute (hypoxia and escape response) stressors in terms of culture performance and physiological indicators. We evaluated overall performance during culture of L. vannamei at low salinity (6 psu), fed with an experimental diet with low protein and high carbohydrate content (26% protein and 6% fish meal plus probiotic mixture) and compared to a commercial formula with high protein and low carbohydrate content (40% crude protein and 20% fish meal without probiotic mixture). At the end of the rearing experiment, shrimp were exposed to two types of acute stress, hypoxia and escape. Biochemical (hemocyanin, total proteins, glucose, and lactate) and bioenergetic (adenylic energy charge and arginine phosphate levels) variables were measured to assess chronic stress response (salinity) and acute stress response (hypoxia or escape). The experimental diet resulted in higher muscle energy status that was not affected by low salinity, although lipid levels were lower under this condition. This diet partially counteracted the low performance at low salinity and promoted greater protein efficiency. Hypoxia induced strong hyperglycemic and lactate increase as response, whereas escape response was characterized by a depletion of arginine phosphate levels, with a stronger decrease in shrimp fed experimental diet, due to the high initial level of this reserve. Some data (glucose levels in hemolymph and lipids in hepatopancreas) suggest that shrimp under chronic stress conditions (low salinity and high densities) present a low ability to respond to subsequent acute stressors such as hypoxia or escape. This work indicates that diet can increase the energy status of shrimp, enabling them to overcome potential multifactorial stressors, which are common in farming systems.
oprD Genes Detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Teaching Hospital but Lost in a Carbapenem-Resistant Strain
Authors: Nmema Eucharia E. , Osuagwu Chioma S. , Anaele Eunice N. 
Published: May 2019

Aims: The aims of the study were to evaluate the multidrug resistance profile and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods.
Study Design: A descriptive laboratory based study.
Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, and Biotechnology Laboratory, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria, between June 2017 and November 2018.
Methodology: Ten P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, and susceptibilities to imipenem (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg) and a panel of antibiotics were performed by the disk diffusion method. Genotypic methods including Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis were carried out according to established protocols. oprD and blaIMP gene primers were used for the PCR amplification.
Results: Fifty percent (50%) of the isolates showed multiple drug resistance. Four isolates (40%) were carbapenem resistant (CR). oprD gene was detectedin 90% (9/10) of the isolates. 75% (3/4) of CR strains were among the strains showing oprD gene. 25% (1/4) CR strain (PA1421) was oprD negative. Loss or mutation of oprD gene seems to be the mechanism of carbapenem resistance in strain PA1421.
Conclusion: Loss or mutation of oprD gene was identified in this study as a mechanism of carbapenem resistance. oprD gene encodes the outer membrane protein (OprD) porin in P. aeruginosa whose deficiency confers resistance to carbapenems, especially imipenem. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. aeruginosa is of critical importance in understanding new and emerging resistance trends, reviewing antibiotic policies and informing therapeutic options.
Antimicrobial Properties of Cooked African Locust Beans (Parkia biglobosa) Effluent with and without Its Chaff
Authors: Olukunle Oluwatoyin F. , Umar Odunayo K. , Oriola Olasunkanmi B. 
Published: May 2019

Aim: This study aim to determine the antimicrobial properties of the Parkia biglobosa (Jacque Benth.) effluents (waste water from the preparation of Parkia biglobosa). The effluents were tested against some typed and clinical pathogenic microorganisms for their antimicrobial properties using the conventional antibiotics as the control.
Study Design: Effluent with and without chaff is to serve as agents used to determine its antimicrobial properties on the clinical and typed isolates.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out between November- 2015 and July- 2016 at the Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Locust beans bought from “Oja Oba” market, Ikare-Akoko, Ondo state were cooked until the coat was soft and the effluent (waste water from the locust beans) was decanted, cooked again and the effluent with chaffs was also decanted. Both effluents (with and without chaffs) were used against the test and clinical microorganisms using agar well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out using tube dilution method using Mueller Hinton broth.
Results: The typed pathogenic microorganisms were subjected to antimicrobial tests using the P. biglobosa effluents at 100mg/mL; the effluents were able to inhibit S. pyogenes (ATCC 29212) S. aureus (ATCC 43300), S. typhi (ATCC 35240) and E. coli (ATCC 35218) while P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and K. pneumonia (ATCC 48891) were resistant to the effluents. E. coli (ATCC 35218) had the lowest susceptibility at 6.33 ± 0.58bmm and S. pyogenes (ATCC 29212) had the highest susceptibility with 13.00 ± 1.73amm zones of inhibition for the locust beans effluent. For the clinical isolate, the effluent (waste water from the boiled locust beans) and effluent containing chaffs were also able to inhibit S. aureus, S. typhi, E. coli and S. pyogenes. For the effluent containing chaffs, S. aureus had the lowest susceptibility at 2.33 ± 0.58a mm while S. pyogenes had the highest susceptibility at 9.33 ± 0.58a mm. P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to the effluents.
Conclusion: This study has provided useful information on the antimicrobial activities of the effluents against clinical and typed microorganisms used in this study.
Triarylphosphine Oxide as Cathode Interfacial Material for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Kai , Neophytou Marios , Aydin Erkan , Wang Mingcong , Laurent Thomas , Harrison George T. , Liu Jiang , Liu Wenzhu , De Bastiani Michele , Khan Jafar I. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Laquai Frédéric , De Wolf Stefaan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the inverted planar p‐i‐n configuration often employ phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) as electron transport layer, onto which Ag is deposited as outer electrode. However, the energy offset between PC61BM and Ag imposes an energy barrier for electron extraction. In this work, to improve the contact quality of this stack, a small organic molecule (2‐(1,10‐phenanthrolin‐3‐yl)naphth‐6‐yl)diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO) as a cathode interfacial material (CIM), inserted between PC61BM and Ag, is introduced. In devices with the indium tin oxide (ITO)/NiOx/methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3)/PC61BM/CIM/Ag configuration, it is found that this results in fill factor (FF) and short‐circuit current density values (JSC) that are up to ≈34% and ≈1 mA cm−2 higher, respectively, compared to DPO‐free devices. Inserting additional thin ZnO nanoparticle layers further improves the contact quality, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 18.2%. Semitransparent PSCs, utilizing DPO as an interlayer buffer layer are also realised. Resultant devices exhibit improved performance compared to DPO‐free devices. This proves that DPO withstands the sputtering of ITO, and may thus find application in perovskite‐based tandem devices. It is concluded that DPO acts as an excellent cathode modifier, opening new device‐engineering opportunities for p‐i‐n PSCs, especially in their semitransparent implementation.
Synthesis of Conjugated Boron‐Enynes via cis‐Alkynylboration of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Li Kuan , Yu Shang‐Hai , Zhuo Kai‐Feng , Lu Xi , Xiao Bin , Gong Tian‐Jun , Fu Yao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA unique and practical Cu‐catalyzed cis‐alkynylboration of terminal alkynes with diboron reagents and bromoalkynes has been realized. This process enables the convenient synthesis of a large variety of trisubstituted enynylboronates under mild reaction conditions with broad functional‐groups compatibility, high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. The usability and practicability of this process was further demonstrated by the successful modular synthesis of enediynes.magnified image
Packing Activated Carbons into Dense Graphene Network by Capillarity for High Volumetric Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Li Pei , Li Huan , Han Daliang , Shang Tongxin , Deng Yaqian , Tao Ying , Lv Wei , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSupercapacitors are increasingly in demand among energy storage devices. Due to their abundant porosity and low cost, activated carbons are the most promising electrode materials and have been commercialized in supercapacitors for many years. However, their low packing density leads to an unsatisfactory volumetric performance, which is a big obstacle for their practical use where a high volumetric energy density is necessary. Inspired by the dense structure of irregular pomegranate grains, a simple yet effective approach to pack activated carbons into a compact graphene network with graphene as the “peels” is reported here. The capillary shrinkage of the graphene network sharply reduces the voids between the activated carbon particles through the microcosmic rearrangement while retaining their inner porosity. As a result, the electrode density increases from 0.41 to 0.76 g cm−3. When used as additive‐free electrodes for supercapacitors in an ionic liquid electrolyte, this porous yet dense electrode delivers a volumetric capacitance of up to 138 F cm−3, achieving high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of 101 Wh kg−1 and 77 Wh L−1, respectively. Such a graphene‐assisted densification strategy can be extended to the densification of other carbon or noncarbon particles for energy devices requiring a high volumetric performance.
Divergent Functionalizations of Azetidines and Unsaturated Azetidines
Authors: Reidl Tyler W. , Anderson Laura L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAzetidines are unusual heterocyclic motifs that comprise key components of biologically active molecules and provide desirable structural properties for drug discovery. While a variety of methods have been designed for the synthesis of azetidines, screening and optimization studies often require systematic and versatile strategies for varying structural characteristics. With this need in mind, this review surveys methods for the divergent preparation of substituted azetidines from starting materials that contain a 4‐membered azacycle. The scope and tolerance of azetidine functionalization reactions are described including approaches such as lithiation and electrophilic trapping, nucleophilic displacement, and transition metal catalysis. To complement this discussion, opportunities for using unsaturated azetidines as precursors to functionalized saturated analogues are also examined as an emerging alternative tactic towards the diversity‐oriented preparation of these strained heterocycles. The aim of this Minireview is to identify recent advances, as well as areas where further development is needed, to continue to inspire innovative solutions to the divergent synthesis of functionalized azetidines.
Isolation and characterization of 15 SSR loci for the endangered European tetraploid species Gladiolus palustris (Iridaceae)
Authors: Malkócs Tamás , Almerekova Shyryn , Bereczki Judit , Cservenka Judit , Meglécz Emese , Sramkó Gábor 
Published: May 2019

PremiseGladiolus palustris (Iridaceae) is an endangered European perennial tetraploid herb with special conservation interest in the European Union. Microsatellite markers can serve as effective tools for the conservation genetics of this species.Methods and ResultsWe utilized a 454 pyrosequencing approach to identify simple sequence repeat (SSR) regions in a microsatellite‐enriched library. Of all SSR regions, 46 were screened for specific PCR amplification, and 15 were found to be applicable in the target species. We found 1.62–3.08 alleles per population (effective alleles: 1.58–2.08) that indicated moderate to high genetic diversity values (0.28–0.44) in three pilot populations. Cross‐species amplification was less effective in G. imbricatus and G. tenuis.ConclusionsThe primers reported here can be used for the population genetic characterization of G. palustris. They will help us to better understand the conservation genetics of this highly endangered species.
Field‐Induced Single‐Ion Magnetic Behavior in Two Mononuclear Cobalt(II) Complexes
Authors: Cui Yanfeng , Xu Yameng , Liu Xin , Li Yahong , Wang Bao‐Lin , Dong Yaping , Li Wu , Lei Shiming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe employment of a new rigid N‐tridentate ligand, bis(1‐chloroimidazo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐3‐yl)pyridine (bcpp), in the construction of cobalt(II) single‐ion magnets is reported. Two cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(bcpp)Cl2] (1) and [Co(bcpp)Br2] (2), have been prepared and characterized. Single‐crystal XRD analyses reveal that complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural. They are pentacoordinated mononuclear cobalt(II) compounds with expected trigonal bipyramidal geometry. Both analysis of the magnetic data and ab initio calculations reveal easy‐plane magnetic anisotropy (D>0) for 1 and 2. Detailed alternating current magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal the occurrence of slow magnetic relaxation behavior for the cobalt(II) centers of 1 and 2; thus indicating that both complexes are field‐induced single‐ion magnets.
Cost and profit impacts of modifying stover harvest operations to improve feedstock quality
Authors: Langholtz Matthew , Eaton Laurence , Davis Maggie , Hartley Damon , Brandt Craig , Hilliard Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiomass quality attributes, and the potential tractability of those attributes, are key to a successful biomass feedstock supply chain, in addition to quantity and price. Modifying harvest operations is one potential approach to managing biomass feedstock quality for corn stover. For example, eliminating raking from stover harvest operations is proposed as an approach to reduce ash content. However, changes in the stover harvest configuration cause changes in per acre profits, per ton costs, and available supply at specified prices. Here we evaluate sensitivity of profit, cost, and supply to conversion from a three‐pass to a two‐pass stover harvesting configuration as a means to reduce ash content. For all simulated yields, harvest costs are $2–$3 per ton cheaper for three‐pass versus two‐pass systems wherever residue retention coefficients are less than 0.5, and per ton costs for both systems increase dramatically where residue retention coefficients are greater than 0.7. Per acre net returns are greater under all simulated yields wherever residue sustainability retention coefficients are less than 0.6. Under these conditions, farmers lose between $13 and $49 per acre by harvesting with a two‐pass rather than a three‐pass system. Where competing with stover markets with less stringent quality specifications, meeting ash targets by harvesting with a two‐pass system may require higher grower payments of the order of $9–$25 per ton to make up for the per acre lost revenue. When solving for the least‐cost supply, agronomic simulations suggest about 2/3 of stover is harvested with a three‐pass system. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Recent updates and future perspectives about amygdalin as a potential anticancer agent: A review
Authors: Shi Jiamin , Chen Qianqian , Xu Meng , Xia Qing , Zheng Tiansheng , Teng Junliang , Li Ming , Fan Lihong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe overall incidence of cancer is increasing in recent years. Despite advances in various comprehensive treatments, the mortality of advanced malignant tumors remains at a high level. Numerous pharmacological studies have confirmed that many Chinese herbal medicines possess remarkable antitumor activities. Amygdalin, mainly existing in bitter almond, is reported to have antitumor properties in addition to the antioxidative, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. This article summarizes the structural characteristics of amygdalin, its antitumor mechanisms, and recent progress and achievement in the research of amygdalin, hoping that it could provide theoretical clues for exploring the clinical value of amygdalin against tumors. Amygdalin is known to have an antitumor effect in solid tumors such as lung cancer, bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma by affecting cell cycle, inducing apoptosis and cytotoxicity, and regulating immune function. Further research is needed to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of amygdalin in terms of the optimal dosage, the feasibility of combined use of amygdalin with other antitumor drugs, and even artificial synthesis of the active components in amygdalin, for the sake of enhancing its antitumor activities and reducing its adverse effects for clinical use.
Comparative profiling of chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) driven by two different growth factors
Authors: Zhan Xintang , Cai Peian , Lei Danqing , Yang Yifeng , Wang Zetao , Lu Zhenhui , Zheng Li , Zhao Jinmin 
Published: May 2019

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of nerve growth factor (NGF) from cobra venom and human transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) on the chondrogenic induction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). NGF and TGF‐β1 were used to induce chondrogenesis of MSCs from rabbits for 7 days. Total RNA was extracted for mRNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway enrichment, and PPI network analysis were conducted to screen the specific signalling pathways and target genes. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was performed to further confirm the relative target genes. The results showed that NGF could significantly promote the expression of hyaline cartilage specific genes (collagen type II alpha 1 chain, COL2A1) compared with TGF‐β1. PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway is commonly involved in the chondrogenesis of MSCs induced by NGF and TGF‐β1. However, the expression levels of the genes in the PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway were significantly higher in NGF group than that in the TGF‐β1 group. In the process of chondrogenesis of MSCs induced by NGF and TGF‐β1, integrin (ITGAs) were the targeted hub genes to activate the PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway. NGF could activate more proliferation and differentiation genes in the process of chondrogenesis of MSCs than TGF‐β1. TGF‐β1 promoted angiogenesis by targeting the thrombospondin (THBS1) and THBS2 which might contribute to the osteophyte formation. PI3K‐AKT was the crucial signalling pathway for chondrogenic differentiation. NGF could activate the PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway to a higher level, and NGF had more specificity for promoting expression of specific genes of chondrocyte compared with TGF‐β1.Significance of the studyIn our study, we compared two different growth factors in promoting cartilage differentiation of MSCs and found some similarities and differences. We revealed that both NGF and TGF‐β1 could activate the PI3K‐AKT signalling pathway (the expression of it in NGF was higher) by targeting the ITGAs in the process of chondrogenesis from MSCs. However, NGF could activate more proliferation and differentiation genes in the process of chondrogenesis of MSCs, whereas TGF‐β1 caused osteophyte formation by activating THBS1 and THBS2. These might be the reason why NGF could promote cartilage differentiation more specifically.
Syncope in a female patient. Echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography reveal an unexpected diagnosis
Authors: Giusca Sorin , Buss Sebastian , Lasitschka Felix , Karck Matthias , Korosoglou Grigorios 
Published: May 2019

Key Clinical Message
Papillary fibroelastoma is a benign cardiac tumor with a high potential of embolization. Coronary computed tomography is a valuable tool for the work‐up of patients with papillary fibroelastoma, providing accurate information regarding the coronary circulation and morphology of the cardiac mass.
Oxadiazole Derivatives as Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists: Synthesis, Structure–Activity Relationships, and Sleep‐Promoting Properties in Rats
Authors: Brotschi Christine , Roch Catherine , Gatfield John , Treiber Alexander , Williams Jodi T. , Sifferlen Thierry , Heidmann Bibia , Jenck Francois , Bolli Martin H. , Boss Christoph 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe orexin system plays an important role in the regulation of wakefulness. Suvorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) is approved for the treatment of primary insomnia. Herein, we outline our optimization efforts toward a novel DORA. We started our investigation with rac‐[3‐(5‐chloro‐benzooxazol‐2‐ylamino)piperidin‐1‐yl]‐(5‐methyl‐2‐[1,2,3]triazol‐2‐ylphenyl)methanone (3), a structural hybrid of suvorexant and a piperidine‐containing DORA. During the optimization, we resolved liabilities such as chemical instability, CYP3A4 inhibition, and low brain penetration potential. Furthermore, structural modification of the piperidine scaffold was essential to improve potency at the orexin 2 receptor. This work led to the identification of (5‐methoxy‐4‐methyl‐2‐[1,2,3]triazol‐2‐ylphenyl)‐{(S)‐2‐[5‐(2‐trifluoromethoxyphenyl)‐[1,2,4]oxadiazol‐3‐yl]pyrrolidin‐1‐yl}methanone (51), a potent, brain‐penetrating DORA with in vivo efficacy similar to that of suvorexant in rats.