bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Berliner Inventar zur Angehörigenbelastung – Demenz Praxisversion (BIZA-D-PV)“ auch für den nicht demenziellen Bereich?
Authors: Hetzel Christian , Alles Torsten , Froböse Ingo 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung. Pflegende Angehörige sind eine vulnerable Zielgruppe mit zunehmender Bedeutung. Es gibt insbesondere im nicht-demenziellen Bereich wenig Evidenz zu Unterstützungs- und Entlastungsangeboten. Für indikationsübergreifende Evaluationsstudien hat das mehrdimensionale Berliner Inventar zur Angehörigenbelastung – Demenz Praxisversion (BIZA-D-PV) konzeptionelles Potenzial. Es soll die Teststatistik des BIZA-D-PV im nicht-demenziellen und im demenziellen Bereich geprüft werden. Das Instrument hat 33 Items in 7 Skalen. Die Datenbasis waren 161 pflegende Angehörige im nicht-demenziellen Bereich und 133 im demenziellen Bereich. Es wurden explorative Faktorenanalysen und ein Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) Modell eingesetzt. Die faktorielle Validität und die Reliabilitäten sind in beiden Stichproben vergleichbar und gut. Populationsheterogenität sowie Relationen der Skalen insbesondere mit selbstberichteter Depressivität deuten auf Konstruktvalidität hin. Das BIZA-D-PV ist auch im nicht-demenziellen Bereich ein reliables und faktoriell valides Instrument. Hinweise auf Konstruktvalidität liegen vor, bedürfen aber der weiteren Fundierung.
Latitude Dependence of Geomagnetic Paleosecular Variation and its Relation to the Frequency of Magnetic Reversals: Observations From the Cretaceous and Jurassic
Authors: Doubrovine Pavel V. , Veikkolainen Toni , Pesonen Lauri J. , Piispa Elisa , Ots Siim , Smirnov Aleksey V. , Kulakov Evgeniy V. , Biggin Andrew J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNearly three decades ago paleomagnetists suggested that there existed a clear link between latitude dependence of geomagnetic paleosecular variation (PSV) and reversal frequency. Here we compare the latitude behavior of PSV for the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (CNS, 84–126 Ma, stable normal polarity) and the preceding Early Cretaceous‐Jurassic interval (pre‐CNS, 126–198 Ma, average reversal rate of ~4.6 Myr−1). We find that the CNS was characterized by a strong increase in the angular dispersion of virtual geomagnetic poles (VGPs) with latitude, which is consistent with the results of earlier studies, whereas the VGP dispersion for the pre‐CNS period was nearly invariant with latitude. However, the PSV behavior for the last 5 or 10 million years (average reversal frequency of ~4.4–4.8 Myr−1) shows that the latitude invariance of VGP scatter cannot be considered as a characteristic feature of a frequently reversing field and that a strong increase in VGP dispersion with latitude was not restricted to the long periods of stable polarity. We discuss models describing the latitude dependence of PSV and show that their parameters are not reliable proxies for reversal frequency and should not be used to make inferences about the geomagnetic field stability. During the pre‐CNS interval, the geodynamo may have operated in a regime characterized by a high degree of equatorial symmetry. In contrast, more asymmetric geodynamos suggested for 0–10 Ma and the CNS were evidently capable of producing a very wide range of reversal frequencies.
Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll Fluorescence in the Ocean Using Imaging Spectrometry: Toward a Vertical Profile of Fluorescence
Authors: Erickson Z. K. , Frankenberg C. , Thompson D. R. , Thompson A. F. , Gierach M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChlorophyll fluorescence measurements provide valuable information on phytoplankton abundance and physiology. High spectral resolution measurements from the aircraft‐mounted Portable Remote Imaging SpectroMeter (PRISM) allow for a more robust and informative fluorescence measurement than previous methods. An increase in radiation in the fluorescence wavelength range is approximated by a skew‐normal distribution. Positive skew suggests the influence of water attenuation and motivates the use of an inverse retrieval model to solve for the most likely vertical distribution of fluorescence quantum yield. This approach is tested with theoretical fluorescence profiles and applied to a PRISM flightline located in southern Drake Passage, Southern Ocean during austral summer. The resulting profiles suggest vertical structure in fluorescence quantum yield in the upper 10 m, which matches expectations from in situ studies. The framework developed in this paper can be applied to current and future satellite missions, providing more information on phytoplankton concentrations, vertical profiles, and physiology.
Electrical Investigation of Natural Lawsonite and Application to Subduction Contexts
Authors: Pommier Anne , Williams Quentin , Evans Rob L. , Pal Ishita , Zhang Zhou 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report an experimental investigation of the electrical properties of natural polycrystalline lawsonite from Reed Station, CA. Lawsonite represents a particularly efficient water reservoir in subduction contexts, as it can carry about 12 wt % water and is stable over a wide pressure range. Experiments were performed from 300 to about 1325 °C and under pressure from 1 to 10 GPa using a multi‐anvil apparatus. We observe that temperature increases lawsonite conductivity until fluids escape the cell after dehydration occurs. At a fixed temperature of 500 °C, conductivity measurements during compression indicate electrical transitions at about 4.0 and 9.7 GPa that are consistent with crystallographic transitions from orthorhombic C to P and from orthorhombic to monoclinic systems, respectively. Comparison with lawsonite structure studies indicates an insignificant temperature dependence of these crystallographic transitions. We suggest that lawsonite dehydration could contribute to (but not solely explain) high conductivity anomalies observed in the Cascades by releasing aqueous fluid at a depth (~50 km) consistent with the basalt‐eclogite transition. In subduction settings where the incoming plate is older and cooler (e.g., Japan), lawsonite remains stable to great depth. In these cooler settings, lawsonite could represent a vehicle for deep water transport and the subsequent triggering of melt that would appear electrically conductive, though it is difficult to uniquely identify the contributions from lawsonite on field electrical profiles in these more deep‐seated domains.
High‐Pressure Single‐Crystal Elasticity and Thermal Equation of State of Omphacite and Their Implications for the Seismic Properties of Eclogite in the Earth's Interior
Authors: Hao Ming , Zhang Jin S. , Pierotti Caroline E. , Ren Zhiyuan , Zhang D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOmphacite is a major mineral phase of eclogite, which provides the main driving force for the slab subduction into the Earth's interior. We have measured the single‐crystal elastic moduli of omphacite at high pressures for the first time up to 18 GPa at ambient temperature using Brillouin spectroscopy. A least squares fit of the velocity‐pressure data to the third‐order finite strain equation of state yields KS0′ = 4.5 (3), G0′ = 1.6 (1) with ρ0 = 3.34 (1) g/cm3, KS0 = 123 (3) GPa, and G0 = 74 (2) GPa. In addition, the synchrotron single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data have been collected up to 18 GPa and 700 K. The fitting to Holland‐Powell thermal‐pressure equation of state yields KT0′ = 4.6 (5) and α0 = 2.7 (8) × 10−5 K−1. Based on the obtained thermoelastic parameters of omphacite, the anisotropic seismic velocities of eclogite are modeled and compared with pyrolite between 200 and 500 km. The largest contrast between the eclogite and pyrolite in terms of seismic properties is observed between ~310 and 410 km.
Ocean Surface Turbulence in Newly Formed Marginal Ice Zones
Authors: Smith Madison , Thomson Jim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNear‐surface turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates are altered by the presence of sea ice in the marginal ice zone, with significant implications for exchanges at the air‐ice‐ocean interface. Observations spanning a range of conditions are used to parameterize dissipation rates in marginal ice zones with relatively thin, newly formed ice, and two regimes are identified. In both regimes, the turbulent dissipation rates are matched to the turbulent input rate, which is formulated as the surface stress acting on roughness elements moving at an effective transfer velocity. In marginal ice zones with waves, the short waves are the roughness elements, and the phase speed of these waves is the effective transfer velocity. The wave amplitudes are attenuated by the ice, and thus, the size of the roughness elements is reduced; this is parameterized as a reduction in the effective transfer velocity. When waves are sufficiently small, the ice floes are the roughness elements, and the relative velocity between the sea ice and the ocean is the effective transfer velocity. A scaling is introduced to determine the appropriate transfer velocity in a marginal ice zone based on wave height, ice thickness and concentration, and ice‐ocean shear. The results suggest that turbulence underneath new sea ice is mostly related to the wind forcing and that marginal ice zones generally have less turbulence than the open ocean under similar wind forcing.
Distribution Patterns of Picosized and Nanosized Phytoplankton Assemblages in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea: Implications on the Impacts of Kuroshio Intrusion
Authors: Zhao Yue , Yu Ren‐Cheng , Kong Fan‐Zhou , Wei Chuan‐Jie , Liu Ze , Geng Hui‐Xia , Dai Li , Zhou Zheng‐Xi , Zhang Qing‐Chun , Zhou Ming‐Jiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKuroshio, the strongest west boundary current of the Pacific Ocean, has significant impacts on the oceanographic conditions and ecological processes of the Pacific‐Asian marginal seas through exchange of water, heat, and materials. In two cruises organized in the East China Sea (ECS) and the Yellow Sea in the spring 2014, observations of picosized and nanosized phytoplankton assemblages using flow cytometry reflected potential impacts of Kuroshio intrusion on phytoplankton communities, particularly in the ECS. The distribution pattern of Prochlorococcus in the ECS clearly depicts the intrusion route of Nearshore Kuroshio Branch Current from the main stream of Kuroshio northeast to Taiwan Island to the coastal waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary, an important “red tide zone” in the coastal waters of China. High abundance of photosynthetic nanoeukaryotes in the coastal waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary reflects the occurrence of diatom and dinoflagellate blooms during the investigation. The presence of Prochlorococcus in the coastal waters adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary offers a strong evidence that waters and materials associated with Nearshore Kuroshio Branch Current could be transported into the red tide zone adjacent to the Changjiang River estuary and will affect dynamics of harmful algal blooms in this region.
Characterization and Quantification of Atmospheric Mercury Sources Using Passive Air Samplers
Authors: McLagan David S. , Monaci Fabrizio , Huang Haiyong , Lei Ying Duan , Mitchell Carl P. J. , Wania Frank 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Minamata Convention on Mercury (Hg) requires improved atmospheric Hg monitoring and characterization of Hg sources. Here we demonstrate how a network of passive air samplers (PASs) can be used cost effectively to determine the spatial distribution of gaseous Hg and estimate atmospheric Hg emissions at contaminated sites. Gaseous Hg concentrations were mapped around a former Hg mine in the Monte Amiata district in Italy using simultaneous deployments of PASs across local and regional spatial scale grids. The concentration maps help visualize with great detail and precision the dispersal of gaseous Hg from a contaminated site, revealing even subtle effects of wind, season, and minor sources. Emissions estimated from the empirical data (80 ± 40 and 150 ± 75 kg/year for October and July, respectively) were robust to changes in the most uncertain parameters (excess Hg in the air above the mine and advection rate) and compared well to previous estimates for this and other closed Hg mines. This PAS‐based approach has a number of advantages: (i) concurrent deployments of multiple samplers constrain concentration changes to spatial variability only, (ii) time‐averaged data over longer periods negate biases related to short‐term, infrequent measurements, (iii) more spatially representative estimates of Hg distributions and emissions can be made at a fraction of the cost, and (iv) use is easy, especially in difficult terrain. Time‐averaged data across a broad area are also most pertinent for assessing chronic human exposure, especially in terms of the inhalation of Hg by workers and residents living close to contaminated sites.
Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Bycroft Clare , Fernandez-Rozadilla Ceres , Ruiz-Ponte Clara , Quintela Inés , Carracedo Ángel , Donnelly Peter , Myers Simon 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Iberian Peninsula is linguistically diverse and has a complex demographic history, including a centuries-long period of Muslim rule. Here, we study the fine-scale genetic structure of its population, and the genetic impacts of historical events, leveraging powerful, haplotype-based statistical methods to analyse 1413 individuals from across Spain. We detect extensive fine-scale population structure at extremely fine scales (below 10 Km) in some regions, including Galicia. We identify a major east-west axis of genetic differentiation, and evidence of historical north to south population movement. We find regionally varying fractions of north-west African ancestry (0–11%) in modern-day Iberians, related to an admixture event involving European-like and north-west African-like source populations. We date this event to 860–1120 CE, implying greater genetic impacts in the early half of Muslim rule in Iberia. Together, our results indicate clear genetic impacts of population movements associated with both the Muslim conquest and the subsequent Reconquista.
Ultrastretchable and superior healable supercapacitors based on a double cross-linked hydrogel electrolyte
Authors: Li Huili , Lv Tian , Sun Huanhuan , Qian Guiju , Li Ning , Yao Yao , Chen Tao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDue to inherently poor healable and stretchable features, the most explored polyvinyl alcohol-based gel electrolytes cannot well meet the requirements of stretchable, healable and multifunctional supercapacitors. Here, we report a hydrogel of a copolymer cross-linked by double linkers of Laponite (synthetic hectorite-type clay) and graphene oxide. The resultant hydrogel shows high mechanical stretchability, excellent ionic conductivity, and superior healable performance. Along with designing wrinkled-structure electrodes, supercapacitors fabricated by using this hydrogel as a gel electrolyte not only exhibit ultrahigh mechanical stretchability of 1000%, but also achieve repeated healable performance under treatments of both infrared light irradiation and heating. More significantly, a broken/healed supercapacitor also possesses an ultrahigh stretchability up to 900% with slight performance decay. This hydrogel electrolyte could be easily functionalized by introducing other functional components, and extended for use in other portable and wearable energy related devices with multifunction.
Trait-based community assembly and succession of the infant gut microbiome
Authors: Guittar John , Shade Ashley , Litchman Elena 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe human gut microbiome develops over early childhood and aids in food digestion and immunomodulation, but the mechanisms driving its development remain elusive. Here we use data curated from literature and online repositories to examine trait-based patterns of gut microbiome succession in 56 infants over their first three years of life. We also develop a new phylogeny-based approach of inferring trait values that can extend readily to other microbial systems and questions. Trait-based patterns suggest that infant gut succession begins with a functionally variable cohort of taxa, adept at proliferating rapidly within hosts, which gradually matures into a more functionally uniform cohort of taxa adapted to thrive in the anoxic gut and disperse between anoxic patches as oxygen-tolerant spores. Trait-based composition stabilizes after the first year, while taxonomic turnover continues unabated, suggesting functional redundancy in the traits examined. Trait-based approaches powerfully complement taxonomy-based approaches to understanding the mechanisms of microbial community assembly and succession.
Satb1 regulates the effector program of encephalitogenic tissue Th17 cells in chronic inflammation
Authors: Yasuda Keiko , Kitagawa Yohko , Kawakami Ryoji , Isaka Yoshitaka , Watanabe Hitomi , Kondoh Gen , Kohwi-Shigematsu Terumi , Sakaguchi Shimon , Hirota Keiji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe genome organizer, special AT-rich sequence-binding protein-1 (Satb1), plays a pivotal role in the regulation of global gene networks in a cell type-dependent manner and is indispensable for the development of multiple cell types, including mature CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in the thymus. However, it remains unknown how the differentiation and effector program of the Th subsets in the periphery are regulated by Satb1. Here, we demonstrate that Satb1 differentially regulates gene expression profiles in non-pathogenic and pathogenic Th17 cells and promotes the pathogenic effector program of encephalitogenic Th17 cells by regulating GM-CSF via Bhlhe40 and inhibiting PD-1 expression. However, Satb1 is dispensable for the differentiation and non-pathogenic functions of Th17 cells. These results indicate that Satb1 regulates the specific gene expression and function of effector Th17 cells in tissue inflammation.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide controls the suprachiasmatic circadian clock network via ERK1/2 and DUSP4 signalling
Authors: Hamnett Ryan , Crosby Priya , Chesham Johanna E. , Hastings Michael H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) co-ordinates circadian behaviour and physiology in mammals. Its cell-autonomous circadian oscillations pivot around a well characterised transcriptional/translational feedback loop (TTFL), whilst the SCN circuit as a whole is synchronised to solar time by its retinorecipient cells that express and release vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). The cell-autonomous and circuit-level mechanisms whereby VIP synchronises the SCN are poorly understood. We show that SCN slices in organotypic culture demonstrate rapid and sustained circuit-level circadian responses to VIP that are mediated at a cell-autonomous level. This is accompanied by changes across a broad transcriptional network and by significant VIP-directed plasticity in the internal phasing of the cell-autonomous TTFL. Signalling via ERK1/2 and tuning by its negative regulator DUSP4 are critical elements of the VIP-directed circadian re-programming. In summary, we provide detailed mechanistic insight into VIP signal transduction in the SCN at the level of genes, cells and neural circuit.
Smart scanning for low-illumination and fast RESOLFT nanoscopy in vivo
Authors: Dreier Jes , Castello Marco , Coceano Giovanna , Cáceres Rodrigo , Plastino Julie , Vicidomini Giuseppe , Testa Ilaria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRESOLFT fluorescence nanoscopy can nowadays image details far beyond the diffraction limit. However, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and temporal resolution are still a concern, especially deep inside living cells and organisms. In this work, we developed a non-deterministic scanning approach based on a real-time feedback system which speeds up the acquisition up to 6-fold and decreases the light dose by 70–90% for in vivo imaging. Also, we extended the information content of the images by acquiring the complete temporal evolution of the fluorescence generated by reversible switchable fluorescent proteins. This generates a series of images with different spatial resolution and SNR, from conventional to RESOLFT images, which combined through a multi-image deconvolution algorithm further enhances the effective resolution. We reported nanoscale imaging of organelles up to 35 Hz and actin dynamics during an invasion process at a depth of 20–30 µm inside a living Caenorhabditis elegans worm.
Magnetization reversal driven by low dimensional chaos in a nanoscale ferromagnet
Authors: Montoya Eric Arturo , Perna Salvatore , Chen Yu-Jin , Katine Jordan A. , d’Aquino Massimiliano , Serpico Claudio , Krivorotov Ilya N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnergy-efficient switching of magnetization is a central problem in nonvolatile magnetic storage and magnetic neuromorphic computing. In the past two decades, several efficient methods of magnetic switching were demonstrated including spin torque, magneto-electric, and microwave-assisted switching mechanisms. Here we experimentally show that low-dimensional magnetic chaos induced by alternating spin torque can strongly increase the rate of thermally-activated magnetic switching in a nanoscale ferromagnet. This mechanism exhibits a well-pronounced threshold character in spin torque amplitude and its efficiency increases with decreasing spin torque frequency. We present analytical and numerical calculations that quantitatively explain these experimental findings and reveal the key role played by low-dimensional magnetic chaos near saddle equilibria in enhancement of the switching rate. Our work unveils an important interplay between chaos and stochasticity in the energy assisted switching of magnetic nanosystems and paves the way towards improved energy efficiency of spin torque memory and logic.
Enhanced flexoelectricity at reduced dimensions revealed by mechanically tunable quantum tunnelling
Authors: Das Saikat , Wang Bo , Paudel Tula R. , Park Sung Min , Tsymbal Evgeny Y. , Chen Long-Qing , Lee Daesu , Noh Tae Won 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFlexoelectricity is a universal electromechanical coupling effect whereby all dielectric materials polarise in response to strain gradients. In particular, nanoscale flexoelectricity promises exotic phenomena and functions, but reliable characterisation methods are required to unlock its potential. Here, we report anomalous mechanical control of quantum tunnelling that allows for characterising nanoscale flexoelectricity. By applying strain gradients with an atomic force microscope tip, we systematically polarise an ultrathin film of otherwise nonpolar SrTiO3, and simultaneously measure tunnel current across it. The measured tunnel current exhibits critical behaviour as a function of strain gradients, which manifests large modification of tunnel barrier profiles via flexoelectricity. Further analysis of this critical behaviour reveals significantly enhanced flexocoupling strength in ultrathin SrTiO3, compared to that in bulk, rendering flexoelectricity more potent at the nanoscale. Our study not only suggests possible applications exploiting dynamic mechanical control of quantum effect, but also paves the way to characterise nanoscale flexoelectricity.
Capturing chemical intuition in synthesis of metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Moosavi Seyed Mohamad , Chidambaram Arunraj , Talirz Leopold , Haranczyk Maciej , Stylianou Kyriakos C. , Smit Berend 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report a methodology using machine learning to capture chemical intuition from a set of (partially) failed attempts to synthesize a metal-organic framework. We define chemical intuition as the collection of unwritten guidelines used by synthetic chemists to find the right synthesis conditions. As (partially) failed experiments usually remain unreported, we have reconstructed a typical track of failed experiments in a successful search for finding the optimal synthesis conditions that yields HKUST-1 with the highest surface area reported to date. We illustrate the importance of quantifying this chemical intuition for the synthesis of novel materials.