bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A critical assessment of available ecosystem services data according to the Final Ecosystem Goods and Services framework
Authors: Tashie Arik , Ringold Paul 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe last decade has seen a proliferation of studies describing the benefits people accrue from natural processes by translation of spatially explicit land use and landcover data to ecosystem service provision. Yet, critical assessment of systemic bias resulting from reliance on land use and landcover data is limited. Here, we evaluate an extensive collection of ecosystem service‐related data based on land use and landcover according to a broadly applicable ecosystem service framework—Final Ecosystem Goods and Services (FEGS). In this framework, ecosystems are viewed from the perspective of a comprehensive set of beneficiaries and the biophysical features directly relevant to each. In this examination, we create a database identifying over 14,000 linkages between 255 data layers from EnviroAtlas and FEGS beneficiaries. Through these linkages, we identify major gaps in beneficiary identification and systemic biases resulting from the utilization of translations from land use and landcover data. Importantly, we find that for many beneficiaries there is an absence of data on FEGS at extensive scales in the United States. We provide a roadmap for the integration of extant ecosystem service research efforts using the FEGS classification scheme and critically appraise this scheme, highlighting inconsistent specification among beneficiary categories and environmental classes. We also explore the benefits of crosswalking different ecosystem service data and frameworks for researchers, by reducing the otherwise high buy‐in cost of data exploration, and for data developers, by increasing the exposure of their work.
Seismic fragilities of single‐column highway bridges with rocking column‐footing
Authors: Xie Yazhou , Zhang Jian , DesRoches Reginald , Padgett Jamie E. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryRocking isolation has been increasingly studied as a promising design concept to limit the earthquake damage of civil structures. Despite the difficulties and uncertainties of predicting the rocking response under individual earthquake excitations (due to negative rotational stiffness and complex impact energy loss), in a statistical sense, the seismic performance of rocking structures has been shown to be generally consistent with the experimental outcomes. To this end, this study assesses, in a probabilistic manner, the effectiveness of using rocking isolation as a retrofit strategy for single‐column concrete box‐girder highway bridges in California. Under earthquake excitation, the rocking bridge could experience multi‐class responses (eg, full contacted or uplifting foundation) and multi‐mode damage (eg, overturning, uplift impact, and column nonlinearity). A multi‐step machine learning framework is developed to estimate the damage probability associated with each damage scenario. The framework consists of the dimensionally consistent generalized linear model for regression of seismic demand, the logistic regression for classification of distinct response classes, and the stepwise regression for feature selection of significant ground motion and structural parameters. Fragility curves are derived to predict the response class probabilities of rocking uplift and overturning, and the conditional damage probabilities such as column vibrational damage and rocking uplift impact damage. The fragility estimates of rocking bridges are compared with those for as‐built bridges, indicating that rocking isolation is capable of reducing column damage potential. Additionally, there exists an optimal slenderness angle range that enables the studied bridges to experience much lower overturning tendencies and significantly reduced column damage probabilities at the same time.
Process simulation of CO2 capture from CO2‐EOR associated petroleum gas with aqueous MEA and MDEA solvents
Authors: Liu Bingcheng , Zhang Mengmeng , Wang Ting , Jia Wenguang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAssociated petroleum gas produced by CO2‐enhanced oil recovery (CO2‐EOR) has a complex composition, high CO2 content, and is unstable. To date, no integrated process simulation for CO2 capture of the EOR associated petroleum gas has been developed. Based on the analysis of the associated petroleum gas obtained from the Shengli oilfield, a new full‐simulation model of CO2 capture from 100 000 Nm3/d of the associated petroleum gas was developed for the process design of chemical absorption of blended amine solvents and an analysis of the relationship between different process parameters and the targeted result—low circulation flow and energy consumption—was performed using Aspen Plus (Version 8.6). A 90% CO2 removal rate was achieved using 0.2 mol CO2/mol of a blended amine as solvent, with an energy consumption of 3.16 GJ/tCO2. By analyzing the influence of absorption pressure, temperature, and packing height on the circulation flow, the influence of absorption and desorption pressure on the energy consumption of the system was determined. It can be concluded that the optimal parameters are as follows: packing height of absorption column, 10 m; absorption temperature, 308.15 K; desorption pressure, 0.12 MPa; and CO2 loading, 0.2 mol/mol of lean solvent, with an absorption pressure of 0.3‐0.6 MPa.
Design and numerical analysis of a large‐diameter air reverse circulation drill bit for reverse circulation down‐the‐hole air hammer drilling
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Luo Yongjiang , Gan Xin , Yin Kun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReverse circulation down‐the‐hole (RC‐DTH) air hammer drilling is a fast and cost‐effective method for hard rock drilling. As the air RC drill bit is the heart for RC‐DTH air hammer drilling system to form the reverse circulation, a large‐diameter RC drill bit was innovatively designed and numerically optimized with respect to the suction ability. Results show that increasing the suction‐nozzle elevation angle and deflection angle can improve the drill bit suction ability. The drill bit performance reaches its optimal state when the air flow rate was about 1.205 kg/s, thereafter it exhibits a reverse variation trend with the increase in air mass flow rate. The optimum diameter of the suction nozzles is 20 mm for the drill bit studied in this work. The RC drill bit with outer diameter of 665 mm and RC‐DTH air hammer with outer diameter of 400 mm were manufactured and a field trial was conducted. Field test results show that the penetration rate using the RC‐DTH air hammer drilling method is more than twice the conventional rotary drilling method. This drilling approach poses a great potential for the large‐diameter hard rock drilling applied in the upper portions of a well bore above the potential producing reservoir formation for land oil and gas drilling, geothermal drilling and relevant field drilling operations.
The Unexpected Absence of Nickel Effects on a Daphnia Population at 3 Temperatures is Correctly Predicted by a Dynamic Energy Budget Individual-Based Model
Authors: Pereira Cecília M.S. , Vlaeminck Karel , Viaene Karel , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that temperature affects chronic nickel (Ni) toxicity to Daphnia magna at the individual (apical) level. However, the effect of temperature on Ni toxicity to D. magna at the population level is unknown. The present study investigated whether the effect of temperature on chronic Ni toxicity to D. magna assessed on apical endpoints can be extrapolated to the population level. The results of the population experiment showed no consistent Ni effects on total D. magna population abundance at 15, 20, and 25 °C, although the Ni concentrations tested were previously reported to significantly reduce reproduction in D. magna individuals. This result supports the idea that ecological risk assessment should not extrapolate as such from apical endpoints to the population level. A dynamic energy budget individual-based model (DEB-IBM) was calibrated using apical Ni toxicity data at 15, 20, and 25 °C. The goal was to investigate whether the calibrated DEB-IBM would be able to predict the unexpected absence of effects at the population level and to further investigate the effect of temperature on Ni toxicity to a D. magna population. At the population level, the calibrated DEB-IBM correctly predicted the unexpected absence of an effect of Ni on a D. magna population. Detailed analysis of simulation output suggests that the predicted lower Ni sensitivity at the population level occurs because Ni-induced mortality is compensated by reduced starvation (less intraspecific competition). Extrapolated median effective concentration (EC50) values for population density predicted that the effect of temperature on Ni toxicity to D. magna populations was smaller (1.9-fold higher at 25 °C than at 15 °C) than on Ni toxicity to D. magna apical reproduction (the EC50 is 6.5-fold higher at 25 °C than at 15 °C). These results show that the DEB-IBM can help to replace population experiments by in silico simulations and to optimize the experimental design of population studies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1423–1433. © 2019 SETAC
Do stock markets have predictive content for exchange rate movements?
Authors: Chen Shiu‐Sheng , Hsu Cheng‐Che 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper examines short‐horizon exchange rate predictability and investigates whether stock returns contain information for forecasting daily exchange rate movements. Inspired by the uncovered equity parity condition, we show that stock return differentials have in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictive power for nominal exchange rates with short horizons (1‐day‐ahead predictions). That is, stock markets inform us about exchange rate movements, at least in the case of high‐frequency data.
Spatiotemporal analysis of prehistoric settlement clustering based on terrain constraints in the Linfen area of China
Authors: Liu Fang , Yu Lijun , Nie Yueping , Zhu Jianfeng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAncient people's choices of where to live were strongly influenced by geography, especially by terrain. However, most settlement clustering algorithms, which use the Euclidean distance, do not consider terrain. Here, we present an improved clustering algorithm for the cluster analysis of ancient ruins that takes terrain‐related factors, such as slope and elevation, into account and uses the resistance distance (also known as the cost‐weighted distance) instead of the Euclidean distance. Furthermore, we select the prehistoric settlements (during 7‐3 ka BP within four cultural stages) in the Linfen area in the Fen River Basin as research objects to analyze the settlement distribution and spatiotemporal evolution of the four cultural staging sites with reference to the climate. We conclude that the proposed site clustering method based on terrain constraints can simulate ancient people's travel routes and improve the clustering results. The spatiotemporal analysis of prehistoric settlements in the Linfen area reveals that most of the settlements are distributed in the alluvial region of the river. Over time, the dependence on the rivers gradually decreased. The clustering and spatiotemporal analysis results show that the proposed method is feasible and applicable to ancient settlements.
Geochemistry, petrogenesis, and geodynamic implications of NE–SW to ENE–WSW trending Palaeoproterozoic mafic dyke swarms from southern region of the western Dharwar Craton
Authors: Rai Apratim K. , Srivastava Rajesh K. , Samal Amiya K. , Sesha Sai Valiveti Venkata 
Published: March 2019

A number of NE–SW to ENE–WSW trending Palaeoproterozoic mafic dykes, intruded within the Archean basement rocks and more conspicuous in the southern parts of the western Dharwar Craton (WDC), was studied for their whole‐rock geochemistry to understand their petrogenetic and geodynamic aspects. Observed mineralogical and textural characteristics classify them either as meta‐dolerites or dolerites/olivine‐dolerites. They show basaltic to basaltic–andesitic compositions and bear sub‐alkaline tholeiitic nature. Three geochemically distinct groups of mafic dykes have been identified. Group 1 samples show flat REE patterns (LaN/LuN = ~1), whereas the other two groups have LaN/LuN = ~2–3 (Group 2; enriched LREE and flat HREE patterns) and LaN/LuN = ~4 (Group 3; inclined REE patterns). Chemistry is not straightforward to support any significant role of crustal contamination and probably reflect their source characteristics. However, their derivation from melts originated from a previously modified metasomatized lithospheric mantle due to some ancient subduction event cannot be ignored. Most likely different mantle melts were responsible for derivation of these distinct sets of mafic dykes. The Group 2 dykes are derived from a melt generated within spinel stability field by ~10% batch melting of a lithospheric mantle source, whereas the Group 3 dykes have their derivation from a melt originated within the spinel–garnet transition zone and were fed from slightly higher (~12–15%) batch melting of a similar source. The Group 1 samples were also crystallized from a melt generated at the transition zone of spinel–garnet stability field by higher degrees (~20%) of melting of a primitive mantle source. Geochemistry of the studied samples is typical of Palaeoproterozoic mafic dykes emplaced within the intracratonic setting, reported elsewhere globally as well as neighbouring cratons. Geochemistry of the studied mafic dyke samples is also compared with the mafic dykes of the eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC). Except the Group 3 samples, which have good correlation with the 1.88–1.89 Ga Hampi swarm, no other group shows similarity with the EDC mafic dykes. There is an ample possibility to have some different mafic magmatic events in the WDC, which could be different from the EDC. However, it can only be confirmed after precise age determinations.
The role of procedural justice for global strategy and subsidiary initiatives
Authors: Asmussen Christian Geisler , Foss Nicolai J. , Nell Phillip C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Research SummaryThe global strategy literature highlights the role of headquarters (HQ) in realizing global integration benefits while enabling independent subsidiary strategic initiatives. We construct a game‐theoretic model of the interaction between HQ and subsidiaries, and, building on procedural justice theory, we analyze the motivational costs that can result from the anticipation or realization of HQ intervention in subsidiary initiatives. We also analyze the implications for MNC‐level value creation when HQ managers, fearing subsidiary managers’ emotion‐based reactions, refrain from intervening. We derive a number of counter‐intuitive results, for example, that good HQ behavior may involve forgoing opportunities for value creation, and that procedural justice systems may sometimes be counterproductive.
Managerial SummaryHeadquarters (HQ) in multinational corporations are required to balance global integration and local autonomy within the organization. This balancing act sometimes requires HQ to intervene in subsidiary matters and to overrule the subunits’ decisions. While an intervention might create integration advantages, it may also have a negative impact on the motivation of subsidiary managers, who might feel that their effort and their decisions are overruled. We focus on such motivational issues and investigate how fair decision‐making processes applied by the HQ influence subsidiaries’ entrepreneurial behavior and their reactions to the overruling. Our findings show that, under specific conditions, HQ need to forgo value‐creating interventions, and that a strong focus on a procedural justice culture within the firm can be detrimental.
The spatial chronnectome reveals a dynamic interplay between functional segregation and integration
Authors: Iraji Armin , Deramus Thomas P. , Lewis Noah , Yaesoubi Maziar , Stephen Julia M. , Erhardt Erik , Belger Aysneil , Ford Judith M. , McEwen Sarah , Mathalon Daniel H. , Mueller Bryon A. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Potkin Steven G. , Preda Adrian , Turner Jessica A. , Vaidya Jatin G. , van Erp Theo G. M. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe brain is highly dynamic, reorganizing its activity at different interacting spatial and temporal scales, including variation within and between brain networks. The chronnectome is a model of the brain in which nodal activity and connectivity patterns change in fundamental and recurring ways over time. Most literature assumes fixed spatial nodes/networks, ignoring the possibility that spatial nodes/networks may vary in time. Here, we introduce an approach to calculate a spatially fluid chronnectome (called the spatial chronnectome for clarity), which focuses on the variations of networks coupling at the voxel level, and identify a novel set of spatially dynamic features. Results reveal transient spatially fluid interactions between intra‐ and internetwork relationships in which brain networks transiently merge and separate, emphasizing dynamic segregation and integration. Brain networks also exhibit distinct spatial patterns with unique temporal characteristics, potentially explaining a broad spectrum of inconsistencies in previous studies that assumed static networks. Moreover, we show anticorrelative connections to brain networks are transient as opposed to constant across the entire scan. Preliminary assessments using a multi‐site dataset reveal the ability of the approach to obtain new information and nuanced alterations that remain undetected during static analysis. Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) display transient decreases in voxel‐wise network coupling within visual and auditory networks, and higher intradomain coupling variability. In summary, the spatial chronnectome represents a new direction of research enabling the study of functional networks which are transient at the voxel level, and the identification of mechanisms for within‐ and between‐subject spatial variability.
What is the marginal benefit of payment‐induced family care? Impact on Medicaid spending and health of care recipients
Authors: Coe Norma B. , Guo Jing , Konetzka R. Tamara , Van Houtven Courtney Harold 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch on home‐based long‐term care has centered almost solely on the costs; there has been very little, if any, attention paid to the relative benefits. This study exploits the randomization built into the Cash and Counseling Demonstration and Evaluation program that directly impacted the likelihood of having family involved in home care delivery. Randomization in the trial is used as an instrumental variable for family involvement in care, resulting in a causal estimate of the effect of changing the combination of home health‐care providers on health‐care utilization and health outcomes of the beneficiary. We find that some family involvement in home‐based care significantly decreases health‐care utilization: lower likelihood of emergency room use, Medicaid‐financed inpatient days, any Medicaid hospital expenditures, and fewer months with Medicaid‐paid inpatient use. We find that individuals who have some family involved in home‐based care are less likely to have several adverse health outcomes within the first 9 months of the trial, including lower prevalence of infections, bedsores, or shortness of breath, suggesting that the lower utilization may be due to better health outcomes.
Unsteady squeezing flow of water‐based nanofluid between two parallel disks with slip effects: Analytical approach
Authors: Bhatta Debi Prasad , Mishra Satya Ranjan , Dash Jayanta Kumar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe squeezing flow of an unsteady water‐based nanofluid between two parallel disks has been analyzed in the current study. Thermal and solutal buoyancy along with heat source enhance the flow phenomena of free convective flow through a porous medium. In addition to that velocity slip and temperature slip are also accounted for in the boundary conditions. The similarity transformation is adopted to formulate the governing equations that convert the complex partial differential equations (PDEs) to nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These transformed equations are handled analytically by using the variation parameter method (VPM). For computational purposes, the fixed numeric values of physical parameters are used and their behaviors are shown by means of graphs. The calculated results for the physical quantities of interest are shown in tables. The conformity of the solution is obtained in comparison to an earlier study in a particular case. The major findings are (i) the velocity profile has distinct variations, which are separated by the middle layer of the channel and (ii) enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient is noted due to the interaction of buoyancy parameter.
Thermal pyrolysis production of liquid fuel from a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene
Authors: Ayodeji Simon O. , Oni Taiwo O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study covers production of liquid fuel from waste plastics by cracking the waste plastics by means of thermal pyrolysis. The waste plastics used were a mixture of polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene. Physiochemical properties of the liquid fuel were determined experimentally and then compared with those of petrol. The pour point of liquid fuel and petrol was 1.02°C and −26°C, respectively; the higher heating value of liquid fuel and petrol was 39.5 and 44.18 MJ/kg, respectively; the lower heating value of liquid fuel and petrol was 38.2 and 41.50 MJ/kg, respectively; the fire point of liquid fuel and petrol was 90.20°C and 24°C, respectively; the octane number of liquid fuel and petrol was 46.0 and 93.1, respectively; the kinematic viscosity of liquid fuel and petrol was 2.76 and 0.487 mm
2/s, respectively; the boiling point of liquid fuel and petrol was 182.40°C and 210.4°C, respectively; the autoignition temperature of liquid fuel and petrol was 230°C and 235°C, respectively. The physiochemical properties of liquid fuel and petrol are not significantly different and, therefore, the liquid fuel could be used as an alternative fuel to petrol.
Time‐varying, nonlinear suspended sediment rating curves to characterize trends in water quality: An application to the Upper Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, New York
Authors: Ahn Kuk‐Hyun , Steinschneider Scott 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis work proposes two modelling frameworks for diagnosing temporal variations in nonlinear rating curves that describe suspended sediment–discharge relationships. A variant of the weighted regression on time, discharge, and season model is proposed and is compared against dynamic nonlinear modelling, a newly developed nonlinear time series filter based on sequential Monte Carlo sampling. Both approaches estimate a time series of rating curve parameters, with uncertainty, that can be used to diagnose variability in the sediment–discharge relationship over time. We evaluate the models with a variety of synthetic scenarios to highlight their ability to estimate signals of known rating curve change. Results reveal important bias‐variance trade‐offs unique to each approach, and in general, suggest that dynamic nonlinear modelling is better suited for rapid rating curve changes, whereas the weighted regression on time, discharge, and season variant more precisely estimates slow change. The techniques are then applied in two case studies in the Upper Hudson and Mohawk Rivers in New York. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of dynamic rating curves for the management of water quality in riverine and estuary systems.