bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in Circulating Stem Cells in Patients With Myelofibrosis
Authors: Chervenick Paul A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An increased number of granulocytic and mononuclear cell colonies was grown in vitro from blood of patients with myelofibrosis and ranged between 162-4370 colonies/ml of blood. The number of colonies grown from normal individuals and ranged between 40-120/ml blood. There was no correlation between the number of colonies and number of potentially proliferating granulocytic cells (myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes) plated. In six patients colony size was similar to that of colonies grown from normal individuals and larger than colonies grown from patients with leukemia. Morphologically, colonies consisted of either eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, or macrophages. These data indicate that an increased number of stem cells capable of giving rise to in vitro colonies of granulocytes and mononuclear cells circulate in patients with myelofibrosis. The growth pattern of these colonies differed from colonies grown from leukemia cells suggesting that these may not be closely related diseases.
Effect of Testosterone on the Formation of Erythroid Spleen Colonies From Fetal Liver Precursor Cells
Authors: Bleiberg Ilan , Perah Gershon , Feldman Michael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Polycythemic x-irradiated female mice, injected with 12-day fetal liver cells, showed 81% suppression of erythroid spleen colonies as compared with nonpolycythemic recipients. On the other hand, in male recipients only 16% suppression was observed. Hence, androgenic hormones seem to play a role in regulating erythropoiesis of explanted fetal stem cells. To test this, we examined the effect of testosterone injected into polycythemic female recipients on the production of erythroid colonies from fetal liver cells. Testosterone was found to alleviate the suppressive effect of polycythemia. Antierythropoietin prevented the appearance of erythroid colonies in testosterone-treated animals. Thus, testosterone seems to act by increasing the levels of, or susceptibility to erythropoietin. Under similar conditions, testosterone did not trigger the formation of erythroid colonies from bone marrow cells in polycythemic recipients. Hence, fetal cells can be induced to form erythroid colonies by doses of erythropoietin that are too low to induce erythroid colonies in bone marrow cells.
Effect of Endotoxin on Granulopoiesis and the In Vitro Colony-forming Cell
Authors: Quesenberry Peter J. , Morley Alec , Miller Marilyn , Rickard Kevin , Howard Donald , Stohlman Frederick 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of endotoxin on the tibial in vitro colony-forming cell (CFC) and the differentiated granulocyte compartment was evaluated. The injection of 5 µg of Salmonella typhosa endotoxin into CF1 mice leads to elevated serum colony-stimulating factor (CSF) levels along with a transient granulocytopenia followed by the release of granulocytes from the marrow. The present study demonstrates that the number of tibial CFC, as assayed on soft agar, decreases within 20 min after endotoxin, reaches a nadir at 6 hr (65.8 ± 4.9% of control), and then returns to control values by 48 hr. Concomitantly, over the 48 hr after endotoxin, there are sequential increases in the marrow myeloblast-promyelocyte compartment (MPC), myelocyte compartment (MC), and the PMN compartment. Radioautographic studies utilizing 3HTdR showed increased labeling indices and grain counts in the MPC and MC at 24 or 48 hr after endotoxin, indicating a shortening of generation time and perhaps of the DNA synthetic period in these compartments. The present data suggest that elevated CSF levels seen after endotoxin administration may lead to differentiation of the marrow CFC into the granulocyte pathway. There are also changes in the differentiated granulocyte compartment, suggesting a decreased generation time that may be due to CSF or a separate regulator such as antichalone.
Stimulation of Hematopoiesis by Femoral Marrow Curettage in Sublethally Irradiated Mice
Authors: Knospe William H. , Gregory Stephanie Ann , Fried Walter , Trobaugh Frank E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Femoral bone marrow curettage produced an intense stimulus on hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in sublethally irradiated mice 4 days after curettage. A similar but lesser stimulation of 59Fe incorporation into spleen and red cells was observed. Previous investigations have shown that this effect is not observed in unirradiated mice. Histologic studies of the curetted femurs indicated a rapid regeneration of a primitive mesenchymal tissue within the medullary cavities during the period of stimulation. It is suggested that the primitive mesenchymal cells synthesize a humoral factor that is capable of stimulating HSC in a marrow microenvironment of depleted cellularity. The observations are consistent with a hypothesis of inhibition of HSC response to a similar stimulus in a normocellular marrow by a mechanism of cell-cell interaction. The humoral factor affects HSC similar to fetuin, spleen extract, and alpha globulin fractions.
Platelet Size in Thrombocytopenias and Thrombocytosis of Various Origin
Authors: Kraytman M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Planimetric studies were carried out on canine blood platelets fixed with formaldehyde. In the normal dog, the mean platelet area was 5.25 sqµ (SEM ± 0.34 sqµ). During the first 3 days following acute experimental thrombocytopenia, platelet area increased, averaging 9.5 sqµ (p < 0.01). The reactive thrombocytosis following splenectomy or nephrectomy was not accompanied by a rise in large platelets. Platelet size decreased to 3.9 sqµ in dogs made thrombocytopenic by intravenous injections of mitomycin C. The morphologic changes induced by the various experimental procedures suggest that: (1) newly formed platelets are larger than platelets of a normal population; (2) some large platelets are possibly released by macromegakaryocytes; (3) other large thrombocytes probably represent fragments of granular megakaryocytes; (4) senescence of platelets in the circulation is associated with decreasing size; and (5) large young platelets are preferentially retained in vivo on glass beads.
The Effect of Sodium Cyanate on Globin Synthesis
Authors: Habib Michael , Watson Veronica , Schwartz Elias 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The incubation of peripheral blood with sodium cyanate produced dose-related suppression of hemoglobin synthesis. Addition of 5 mM sodium cyanate reduced globin synthesis in the peripheral blood of a patient with sickle cell disease by 34%, while 25 mM cyanate reduced synthesis by 92%. The relative synthesis of α- and β-chains remained constant despite the reduction of total synthesis. The effects were also found in peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients without hemoglobinopathies. The results suggest that further studies of the effect of cyanate on protein synthesis are necessary before widespread use of the drug in sickle cell disease.
Immunochemical Characterization of a Human Antibody to Factor XIII
Authors: Graham James E. , Yount William J. , Roberts Harold R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Antibodies to factor XIII have not been previously characterized in detail. An acquired inhibitor to factor XIII, which developed in a patient following thrombectomy for a femoral artery occlusion, has been characterized as to immunoglobulin composition. A highly sensitive monodansylcadaverine assay for factor XIII was employed. The inhibitor was completely neutralized by antisera specific for the γG class, γG1 subclass, and λ light-chain type. Antisera to γG2, γG3, γG4, γA, γM, γD, γE, and k light-chains had no detectable effect. Preparative zone electrophoresis revealed the inhibitor to be in the cathodal portion of the gamma peak, with moderately restricted electrophoretic mobility. The factor XIII inhibitor is thus characterized as a γGl, λ immunoglobulin and resembles other human antibodies to clotting factors that are restricted in immunoglobulin composition.
Glucosephosphate Isomerase Deficiency: Evidence for In Vivo Instability of an Enzyme Variant With Hemolysis
Authors: Arnold Heidwolf , Blume Karl-Georg , Engelhardt Rupert , Löhr Georg Wilhelm 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pathogenesis of hemolysis in glucose-phosphate isomerase (GPI) deficiency was studied. Red cell populations of different ages were obtained by density centrifugation. In comparison to cell populations with comparable amount of reticulocytes, GPI activity decreased faster in the deficient red cells. A method to simulate aging blood cells in vitro was devised. On the first day the rate of glycolysis was normal in the deficient cells, but by the eighth day of the incubation period, the metabolic capacity decreased markedly, and hemolysis was observed. Using mannose as a source of energy, the rate of glycolysis was still normal by the eighth day, which reflects the cause and effect relationship between impairment of energy metabolism and GPI deficiency. It may be concluded that hemolytic anemia in this case of GPI deficiency is caused by the synthesis of a qualitatively changed subunit of the GPI molecule, which is associated with faster inactivation of the enzyme in vivo.
Effects of Cell Concentration and Various Anticoagulants on Neutrophil Migration
Authors: Patten Ethel , Gallin John I. , Clark Robert A. , Kimball Harry R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effects of cell concentration and anticoagulants on neutrophil passive migration and chemotaxis were examined. A relationship between passive migration and cell numbers was documented using blood neutrophils from neutropenic and normal individuals, as well as with purified granulocytes suspended in autologous serum. At granulocyte levels below 1500/cu mm, passive migration is impaired. The apparent defect in neutropenic patients can be normalized by adjusting cell counts to normal levels. Inhibition of passive migration by standard concentrations of heparin and chelator anticoagulants necessitates the use of small and carefully controlled amounts of these agents. Cell concentration and anticoagulants likewise influence chemotaxis. EDTA, oxalate, and citrate prevent the formation of chemotactic factor(s), whereas heparin appears to inhibit chemotaxis by a different mechanism possibly related to a direct cell effect. A knowledge of these variables is essential for proper evaluation of leukocyte migration studies.
Marked Immunosuppression With Minimal Myelosuppression by Bleomycin In Vitro
Authors: Tisman Glenn , Herbert Victor , Go Le Teng , Brenner Lois 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bleomycin, in concentrations similar to those present after drug administration, was a potent inhibitor in vitro of both human phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated and pokeweed mitogen (PMW)-stimulated lymphocyte transformation, but lower concentrations were much more inhibitory to the former. Bleomycin showed minimal or no in vitro myelosuppression. The similarity of these in vitro results to in vivo results by others suggests the in vitro system used here may be useful to screen new drugs for potential in vivo suppression of either the myeloid or the lymphoid tissue. The data suggest that by adjusting the dose of bleomycin inhibition of lymphocytes stimulated by PHA with only minimal inhibition of lymphocytes stimulated by PWM may be possible. Variable response of lymphoid neoplasia to bleomycin may in part reflect whether the cell type is T or B in origin, in view of work by others suggesting that PHA is more stimulatory to T cells and PWM is stimulatory to both B and T cells.
Influence of Cytochalasin B on the Shape Change Induced in Platelets by Cold
Authors: White James G. , Krumwiede Marlys 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present investigation has employed transmission and scanning electron microscopy to examine the influence of cytochalasin B (CB) on the shape change and pseudopod formation that develop when discoid blood platelets are exposed to low temperature. CB in two concentrations protected platelets from the physical alterations induced by cold. The greater of the two amounts of drug was more effective, suggesting a dose dependence. Microtubules were absent from untreated control platelets chilled for brief periods of time but remained in approximately 20% of CB-treated cells exposed to low temperature for an hour. The findings support the concept that CB preserves discoid shape by stabilizing structural elements of the cytoskeletal support system in blood platelets.
Nucleotide Profiles of the Formed Elements of Human Blood Determined by High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Scholar E. M. , Brown Phyllis R. , Parks R. E. , Calabresi P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The nucleotide patterns of the acid soluble extracts of the formed elements of human peripheral blood were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The patterns are remarkably reproducible for each of the respective elements, and the concentration of each major nucleotide present was determined. Erythrocytes are characterized by relatively simple nucleotide patterns with high adenine and very low guanine concentrations. The chromatograms of granulocytes and lymphocytes are difficult to distinguish from one another and demonstrate substantially greater UTP and guanine nucleotide levels than are observed in erythrocytes. The nucleotide patterns of platelets revealed a significantly lower ATP/ADP ratio than did either leukocytes or erythrocytes. The unique potential of this new technique for monitoring changes in nucleotide pools in normal and disease states is discussed.
Expression and Linkage of Genes for X-linked Hemophilias A and B in the Dog
Authors: Brinkhous K. M. , Davis P. D. , Graham John B. , Dodds W. Jean 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the article "Expression and Linkage of Genes for X-linked Hemophilias A and B in the Dog" by Brinkhous et al. (Blood, Vol. 41, No. 4, April 1973, pp. 577-585) the following items should read as given below:
Page 579, paragraph 3, Results
Once doubly heterozygous adult females were available, they were bred to determine the recombination frequency among the progeny. The sires were of the three phenotypes: normal, hemophilia A, and hemophilia B. The results from 15 litters, with 78 tested progeny, are shown in Table 2. The male:female ratio was 33:45 (x2 = 2.45; p > 0.10). From these matings, four male genotypes are possible, and all were observed. The crossover ratio was 15:18 in males, suggesting a deficiency of doubly hemophilic males (aXbY) from the XY · aXXb and aXY · aXXb matings.
Page 579, paragraph 5, Results
The ratio of crossovers to noncrossovers for all progeny, both male and females, of the double heterozygotes is 41:37. This is so close to the maximum 50% frequency of 39:39 that the linkage distance is too great to be measured.
Page 580, Table 2, line 4, Genotype of Noncrossover Females, should read aXXb.
Page 584, first paragraph at top of page, the last sentence is:
These data thus suggest that X-inactivation was indeed random, without respect to the paternal or maternal source of the X-chromosome.
A Comprehensive Modeling Procedure for the Human Granulopoietic System: Over-all View and Summary of Data
Authors: Blumenson Leslie E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Understanding of the granulopoietic system in both normal and diseased states might be assisted by the use of a quantitative modeling procedure that relates the underlying cellular events of granulopoiesis studied in the laboratory to the marrow and peripheral blood picture as it might be seen in the clinic. In this way, the modeling procedure could become both an adjunct to ongoing laboratory research, as well as a means for rationally deciding on modes of treatment for pathologic conditions. The depth and rapid pace of modern granulopoietic research require that the modeling procedure be, on the one hand, detailed enough to permit the inclusion of the pertinent events at the cellular level as they are known today, while on the other hand, remain flexible enough to permit both the modification of any part and the possibility of seeing the predicted consequences of this modification for both the normal and diseased states. A detailed procedure was developed for an hour-by-hour description of the interrelationship of the kinetics of the various marrow cell types with the events in the peripheral blood and tissue spaces. The model was extended to include the toxic effects of a drug (5-fluorouracil) administered according to the protocol of an actual trial with cancer patients, and the temporal pattern of the predicted effects of the drug on the peripheral blood count was compared with that found in the clinic.
Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Marked Eosinophilia: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Spitzer Gary , Garson O. Margaret 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with eosinophilia are described. The degree of eosinophilia was such that at presentation, a provisional diagnosis of eosinophilic leukemia was made. Cytogenetic evidence is presented, indicating that the eosinophilia is reactive to the leukemic process rather than part of it. A mechanism for the production of the eosinophilia is discussed, and it is suggested, on the basis of our findings, that acute eosinophilic leukemia may be of rarer occurrence than is already accepted.
The Influence of Thymus Cells in Hemopoiesis: Stimulation of Hemopoietic Stem Cells in a Syngeneic, In Vivo, Situation
Authors: Lord B. I. , Schofield R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Using the spleen colony-forming technique to assay hemopoietic stem cells, (CFUs) experiments have been carried out to investigate the role of thymus cells in hemopoiesis. The experiments were carried out by injecting live or killed thymus cells into lethally-irradiated mice together with hemopoietic tissue containing CFUs. The effect of thymus cells on endogenous colony formation in sublethally-irradiated mice was also investigated. Colony formation by normal bone marrow or spleen is unaffected by the addition of thymus cells, but cell populations damaged by radiation all demonstrate increased colony numbers when live thymus cells are injected within 48 hr of initiating colony formation. Endogenous colony formation resulting from an x-ray dose of 475 red is increased 2.9 times: exogenous colony formation from bone marrow or spleen populations whose CFUs content has been reduced to approximately 20% of normal with 180-rad γ-rays is increased 2.1 times. Studies investigating this enhancement demonstrate that at least some of the colonyforming cells require the cooperation of live thymus cells. Under the conditions of these experiments, at least 106 thymus cells must be injected to produce maximum enhancement.
Immunologic Response of Patients With Acute Leukemia to Platelet Transfusions
Authors: Tejada Francisco , Bias Wilma B. , Santos George W. , Zieve Philip D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Nine leukemic patients in aplasia received platelet concentrates from random donors over a period of 5 to 32 wk (an average of 31 transfusions per patient). All nine developed lymphocytotoxic activity (presumably HL-A antibodies) in their serum against cells from a panel of 40 selected donors within 20-50 days after transfusions were begun. Lymphocytotoxic activity markedly diminished in the sera of seven surviving patients over a period of 8-24 wk despite continued occasional platelet transfusions. When lymphocytotoxic activity was present in the serum of these patients, survival of transfused platelets was significantly reduced. Sera in which lymphocytotoxic activity was detected released endogenous serotonin (26 ± 5% SEM) from washed human platelets (but not from dog or rabbit platelets) when incubated at 37°C for 30 min. In contrast, sera from these patients, obtained when lymphocytotoxic activity was not detected, released minimal amounts of serotonin (6 ± 2%) and sera from nine healthy subjects released none (0 ± 1%). The ability of serum to release serotonin was abolished, and lymphocytotoxic activity was markedly diminished, after preincubation with allogeneic platelets.
Tissue Immunoglobulins in Nodular Lymphomas as Compared With Reactive Follicular Hyperplasias
Authors: Braylan Raul C. , Rappaport Henry 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Frozen tissue sections of lymph nodes and spleens from twelve patients with nodular (follicular) lymphomas were studied with fluorescein-labeled antisera against human immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins detected by this method in the neoplastic nodules were minimal or absent. Furthermore, in no instance could the characteristic network pattern of immunoglobulin distribution which is readily demonstrable in active germinal centers be observed within these nodules. It is suggested that the preservation of the follicular network of immunoglobulins as observed by fluorescent antihuman IgG, IgM, or polyvalent antisera indicates functionally intact germinal centers. The detection, by this rather simple method, of large amounts of immunoglobulin distributed in such a distinctive pattern may thus be very useful for the differentiation between severe benign follicular hyperplasia and malignant lymphoma with nodular pattern, which may be difficult to distinguish by routine histological methods.
The Importance of Bone Marrow Biopsy in the Staging of Patients With Lymphosarcoma
Authors: Vinciguerra Vincent , Silver Richard T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Owing to printers’ errors, the following errata appeared in the June 1973 issue of Blood (Vol. 41, No. 6).
"The Importance of Bone Marrow Biopsy in the Staging of Patients With Lymphosarcoma" by Vincent Vinciguerra and Richard T. Silver (pp. 913-920).
On page 913, in the Abstract, left-hand column, fifth line from the bottom, should read "9 of 12 (75%) stage II patients, and 27 of…"
On page 913, the legends for Figs. 2 and 3 are reversed.
Two Cases of Familial Erythrocytosis With Increased Erythropoietin Activity in Plasma and Urine
Authors: Yonemitsu H. , Yamaguchi K. , Shigeta H. , Okuda K. , Takaku F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two brothers with familial erythrocytosis born to parents of a consanguinous marriage are described. Two other siblings were unaffected. There was a marked increase in erythropoietin concentration in both the plasma and urine, suggesting that a congenital defect led to erythropoietindependent polycythemia. Other causes of polycythemia were excluded.
Effect of Storage on Sulfhydryl and Disulfide Groups of Human Platelets
Authors: Ando Yasuhiko , Steiner Manfred , Baldini Mario G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Free sulfhydryl and disulfide groups of an acid-soluble and acid-precipitable fraction and of isolated plasma membranes were quantified in fresh and stored human platelets. Fresh platelets contained 26.6 x 10-8 moles of total thiols including free sulfhydryl and disulfide groups per 109 cells. One-third of these thiols were present as disulfides. Acid-soluble thiols accounted for one-tenth of the total platelet thiols. Storage of platelets produced a reduction in the level of acid-soluble sulfhydryl and disulfide groups which was rapid during the first 24 hr and was precipitous in platelets stored at 22°C. Free sulfhydryl groups of the acid-precipitable fraction and of isolated platelet membranes showed a relatively rapid decrease during the first 24 hr of storage and declined thereafter very slowly. The disulfide levels of these cell fractions showed a reciprocal increase which complemented the fall in the number of free sulfhydryl groups. The storage temperature did not significantly influence these changes in protein thiols and disulfides. The coincidence of loss of platelet functions and of severe decrease in the level of free sulfhydryl groups during platelet storage at room temperature may suggest a cause-effect relationship between the two.