bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid simulation approaches for induction machine calculation
Authors: von Pfingsten Georg , Nell Martin Marco , Hameyer Kay 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Induction machines for traction applications are operated at working points of high ferromagnetic saturation. Depending on the working point, a broad spectrum of harmonic frequencies appears in the magnetic flux density of induction machines. Detailed loss analysis therefore requires local and temporal highly resolved nonlinear field computation. This loss analysis can be performed in the post processing of nonlinear transient finite element simulations of the magnetic circuit. However, it takes a large number of transient simulation time steps to build up the rotor flux of the machine.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, hybrid simulation approaches that couple static FEA, transient FEA and analytic formulations to significantly decrease the number of simulation time steps to calculate the magnetic field in steady state are discussed, analyzed and compared.

Findings
The proposed hybrid simulation approaches drastically decrease the simulation time by shortening the transient build-up of the rotor flux. Depending on the maximum error of the rotor flux linkage amplitude compared to the steady state value, a reduction of simulation time steps in the range of 55.5 to 98 per cent is found.

Originality/value
The presented hybrid simulation approaches allow efficient performing of the transient FE magnetic field simulations of induction machines operated as traction drives.
Change in the library: the viewpoint of a columnist
Authors: Massis Bruce 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to reflect on the author’s decade as a columnist for New Library World and Information and Learning Science.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper provides literature review and commentary on this topic that has been addressed by professionals, researchers and practitioners.

Findings
When a patron approaches a librarian with a question, and the resources are discovered that can aid and support that patron in finding a solution to his or her dilemma, the stock of the librarian rises, reminding the public that with all the changes around the profession since the advent of the internet, the human touch, that face-to-face interaction and personal communication skill, still remains a significant instrument in the librarian’s customer services toolkit.

Originality/value
The value in exploring this topic is for others to acknowledge that which has been gained over time by an experienced library colleague.
Biophysical dependences among functional wood traits
Authors: Dlouhá Jana , Alméras Tancrède , Beauchêne Jacques , Clair Bruno , Fournier Meriem 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Wood properties and especially wood density have been used as functional traits organized along major axes of species life history and strategy. Beyond statistical analyses, a better mechanistic understanding of relationships among wood traits is essential for ecologically relevant interpretation of wood trait variations.

A set of theoretical relationships mechanistically linking wood basic density with some other wood traits is derived from cellular material physics. These theoretical models picture basic physical constraints and thus provide null hypotheses for further ecological studies. Analysis is applied to data from two original datasets and several datasets extracted from the literature.

Results emphasize the strong physical constraint behind the link between basic density and maximal storable water on the one hand, and elastic modulus on the other hand. Beyond these basic physical constraints, the developed framework reveals physically less expected trends: the amount of free water available for physiological needs increases in less dense wood of fast‐growing species, and the cell wall stiffness decreases with density in temperate hardwoods and is higher in sapling stages in the rainforest understorey where competition for light is associated with high mechanical risk.

We emphasize the use of theoretically independent traits derived from models of cellular material physics to investigate the functional variation of wood traits together with their environmental and phylogenetic variations. Although the current study is limited to basic density, green wood lumen saturation and wood specific modulus, we further emphasize the identification of complementary independent wood traits representing other biomechanical functions, nutrient storage, hydraulic conductance and resistance to drought.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Land‐use change alters the mechanisms assembling rainforest mammal communities in Borneo
Authors: Wearn Oliver R. , Carbone Chris , Rowcliffe J. Marcus , Pfeifer Marion , Bernard Henry , Ewers Robert M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

The assembly of species communities at local scales is thought to be driven by environmental filtering, species interactions and spatial processes such as dispersal limitation. Little is known about how the relative balance of these drivers of community assembly changes along environmental gradients, especially man‐made environmental gradients associated with land‐use change.

Using concurrent camera‐ and live‐trapping, we investigated the local‐scale assembly of mammal communities along a gradient of land‐use intensity (old‐growth forest, logged forest and oil palm plantations) in Borneo. We hypothesised that increasing land‐use intensity would lead to an increasing dominance of environmental control over spatial processes in community assembly. Additionally, we hypothesised that competitive interactions among species might reduce in concert with declines in α‐diversity (previously documented) along the land‐use gradient.

To test our first hypothesis, we partitioned community variance into the fractions explained by environmental and spatial variables. To test our second hypothesis, we used probabilistic models of expected species co‐occurrence patterns, in particular focussing on the prevalence of spatial avoidance between species. Spatial avoidance might indicate competition, but might also be due to divergent habitat preferences.

We found patterns that are consistent with a shift in the fundamental mechanics governing local community assembly. In support of our first hypothesis, the importance of spatial processes (dispersal limitation and fine‐scale patterns of home‐ranging) appeared to decrease from low to high intensity land‐uses, whilst environmental control increased in importance (in particular due to fine‐scale habitat structure). Support for our second hypothesis was weak: whilst we found that the prevalence of spatial avoidance decreased along the land‐use gradient, in particular between congeneric species pairs most likely to be in competition, few instances of spatial avoidance were detected in any land‐use, and most were likely due to divergent habitat preferences.

The widespread changes in land‐use occurring in the tropics might be altering not just the biodiversity found in landscapes, but also the fundamental mechanics governing the local assembly of communities. A better understanding of these mechanics, for a range of taxa, could underpin more effective conservation and management of threatened tropical landscapes.
Clinical utility of the In‐Home Occupational Performance Evaluation (I‐HOPE) for major home modification practice in Australia
Authors: Aplin Tammy , Ainsworth Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

Background/aimThe use of standardised measures in home modification practice is rare, in part due to a lack of suitable tools. One promising outcome measure designed for home modification practice is the In‐Home Occupational Performance Evaluation (I‐HOPE). This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility of the I‐HOPE for major home modification practice in Australia.MethodsThe I‐HOPE was trialled in one major home modification service by five occupational therapists who participated in two focus groups. Feedback using a purposefully developed questionnaire was also collected from 25 adult clients who completed the I‐HOPE. Data from the focus groups were thematically analysed, and the questionnaire responses were analysed using template analysis.ResultsThe analysis revealed four themes: client experience, training and resources, suitability to major home modification practice and improvements and future use. Therapists valued the person‐focused nature of the I‐HOPE; however, there were some clinical utility issues identified including confusion of the rating scales for clients, length of time to complete the tool and the need for more training and a clearer instruction manual.ConclusionIt is suggested that the I‐HOPE is a person‐focused and valuable tool for community occupational therapy practice in the Australian context but may not be suited to specialised major home modification services. An app or online version of the tool for client use, and the availability of training resources which are accessed online would enhance the clinical utility of the tool.
Reliability, convergent validity and applicability of the Assistive Technology Outcome Profile for Mobility for middle‐aged and older power wheelchair users
Authors: Auger Claudine , Rushton Paula W. , Jutai Jeffrey W. , Miller William C. 
Published: September 2018

Background/aimThe Assistive Technology Outcome Profile for Mobility (ATOP/M) was designed to isolate the impact of mobility assistive technology on perceived difficulty with activity and participation. The study objectives were to examine its measurement properties (test‐retest reliability and convergent validity) and applicability for middle‐aged and older power wheelchair (PWC) users.MethodsFour ATOP/M subscales were administered using computer adaptive testing (activity with mobility device, activity without mobility device, participation with mobility device, participation without mobility device). Test‐retest reliability (4‐wk interval), convergent validity (a priori hypothesis testing of correlations with participation (Late‐life Disability Instrument) and mobility (Life‐space Assessment)) and applicability (respondent burden, distributions) were examined with 116 PWC users between 50 and 85 years of age presenting with a variety of diagnoses.ResultsWhen using powered mobility, perceived difficulty with activity and participation scores were similar to the general population of mobility devices users (T‐score range 46.3–53.7), while activity and participation were significantly lower without mobility devices (T‐score range 35.3–39.4). Test‐retest reliability intra‐class coefficients of the four subscales ranged between 0.82 and 0.91, and convergent validity was supported by moderate correlations (r = 0.35–0.47). Respondent burden was higher for the without devices subscales and none of the subscales had significant floor/ceiling effects.ConclusionOur results provide support for reliability and convergent validity of the ATOP/M for PWC users. Specific strategies were recommended to optimise applicability with this population such as administration guidelines for reframing the without device scale and timing of data collection.
Adaptation of the Possibilities for Activity Scale for women encountering cancer (PActS‐W)
Authors: Pergolotti Mackenzi , Doll Kemi M. , Fawaz Emily O. , Reeve Bryce B. 
Published: September 2018

Background/aimThe original Possibilities for Activity Scale (PActS) examined the internalised societal pressures of older adults with cancer. Previous research found that scores from the original PActS scale were associated with participation in meaningful activity. Women of working age may have different societal pressures than older adults, which could impact their quality of life. Our aims were to (i) adapt the scale specifically for women, (ii) test convergent and structural validity and (iii) test internal consistency reliability.MethodFirst, we completed a literature review to add new items, then measured psychometric properties of PActS‐W.FindingsA total of 186 women, one month after cancer surgery completed PActS‐W. PActS‐W demonstrated convergent‐related (physical health r = 0.40, mental health r = 0.30, P < 0.01), structural validity (CFI, 0.96; RMSEA, 0.10; IFI, 0.96, NFI, 0.94) and high internal consistency reliability (stratified coefficient α = 0.90).ConclusionThe PActS‐W may be useful for measuring women's internalised societal pressures after encountering cancer, which relates to their quality of life, but further testing is needed.
Qualitative analysis of perceptions and experiences of emergency department staff in relation to implementation and outcomes of the Four‐Hour Rule/National Emergency Access Target in Australia
Authors: Nahidi Shizar , Forero Roberto , McCarthy Sally , Man Nicola , Gibson Nick , Mohsin Mohammed , Mountain David , Fatovich Daniel , Fitzgerald Gerard , Toloo Ghasem (Sam) ,   on behalf of the 4HR/NEAT Partnership Grant
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe implementation of the time target policy (Four‐Hour Rule/National Emergency Access Target [4HR/NEAT]) constituted a major change for ED, and potentially on quality of care. The present study aimed to understand perceptions and experiences of ED staff during 4HR/NEAT implementation.MethodsA semi‐structured interview was used to explore views and perceptions of 119 ED staff from 16 EDs in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, Queensland and Western Australia. The interviews covered aspects such as perceived changes in quality of clinical care, whether the capacity to deliver education was diminished or enhanced and whether the policy affected access to care. Interviews were transcribed, imported to NVivo 11 and analysed using content and thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: quality and safety of care; access block and overcrowding; and medical education and training. Participants described both positive and negative aspects of the policy. Although some reported negative impacts on care quality and access block, more cited overall improvements in these areas. The majority perceived that medical education and training was negatively affected, mainly because of restricted training opportunities and reduced time for procedural skills.ConclusionsED staff perceived important effects on quality and safety of care; access block and overcrowding; and medical education and training. In relation to an optimised ED role, quality of care and access block were overall felt to be improved, while education and training deteriorated. Our study increases understanding of the complexity of policy implementation processes and its impact on staff. Staff perceptions are a valuable measure of system performance and should be incorporated into system change evaluations.
Predictive Value of Schistocytes in Recurrence of Acquired Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura With Severe ADAMTS13 Deficiency at Discontinuation of Daily Therapeutic Plasma Exchange
Authors: Peedin Alexis R , Park Yara A , Mazepa Marshall A , Rollins‐Raval Marian A , Brecher Mark E , Raval Jay S 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAcquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and commonly ADAMTS13 deficiency. Patients with TTP and severe ADAMTS13 deficiency have high risk of disease recurrence, yet the ability to predict which patients will have recurrence remains limited. We assessed whether the presence of persistent schistocytes in TTP patients with severe ADAMTS13 deficiency at the time of daily therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) discontinuation was predictive of disease recurrence. We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of TTP treated with TPE at our university medical center between August 1991 and April 2013. Exacerbation was defined as disease recurrence within 30 days of cessation of daily TPE, and relapse was defined as disease recurrence >30 days after cessation of daily TPE. Comparisons were performed with a two‐sided Fisher's exact test or χ2 test. Of the 46 total TTP patients eligible for analysis, nine had residual schistocytosis (20%), four of the nine (44%) had exacerbations, and two of the nine (22%) relapsed. Of the 37 patients without residual schistocytosis, 16 (43%) had exacerbations and 11 (30%) relapsed. There were no statistically significant differences in the exacerbation or relapse rates with or without residual schistocytosis (P = 1.00 and 1.00, respectively). Residual schistocytes after discontinuation of daily TPE were not uncommon. The persistence of schistocytes had poor sensitivity, specificity, and both positive and negative predictive values. After the initial diagnosis of TTP is made, there is no reason to continue documenting the presence or absence of schistocytes.
Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Heavy Metals and Aflatoxins via Dietary Intake of Dried Red Pepper from Marketplaces in Antalya, Southern Turkey
Authors: Kilic Serpil , Cam Ihsan Burak , Tongur Timur , Kilic Murat 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRed pepper is used as raw material in industry and as a seasoning in various foods. In this study, the cadmium, lead and arsenic content of 33 red pepper samples sold in open and sealed packages on different markets was investigated in terms of their synthetic color components, aflatoxin amounts and toxic elements, which have been declared as cancerous by the World Health Organization (WHO). According to the results, synthetic colorants, arsenic and cadmium were not detected in any of the samples, while lead was detected in 11 samples and aflatoxins were detected in eight of the samples. As a consequence of these investigations, a health risk analysis was carried out by taking into account the amount of consumption in the region. The B1 aflatoxin content in the samples, according to daily consumption data, exceeded the limits set by the European Commission (EC) by almost 150%.
Fatty Acid and Phytosterol Composition, and Biological Activities of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. Seed Oil
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Dong Banmacailang , Li Pi , Wei Wei , Dang Jun , Liu Zenggeng , Tao Yanduo , Han Hongping , Shao Yun , Yue Huilan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLycium ruthenicum Murr. (LRM, Solanaceae), also called “black wolfberry” in China, is extremely tolerant drought. Although black wolfberry has seeds that are rich in oil, being considered as a potential alternative for edible oil production, little information has been found regarding its characterization. The present study evaluated the fatty acid profile of the seed oil and its phytosterol contents. Moreover, its antioxidant potential and its inhibition activities on pancreatic lipase, and cholesterol esterase (CEase) were also determined. The key fatty acids of studied oil were linoleic (74.58%), oleic (11.82%), γ‐linolenic (6.60%), palmitic (4.88%), and stearic (1.40%) acids, which together comprised 99.28% of the total fatty acids. Phytosterols including 24‐methylenecholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, dihydrolanosterol, 24‐methyldesmosterol, β‐sitosterol, Δ5‐avenasterol, cycloartenol, and Δ7−avenasterol were identified for the 1st time. The inhibition values (IC50) for the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities of the oil were 7.86 and 15.49 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, LRM seed oil was also demonstrated to possess strong pancreatic lipase, and CEase inhibition activities with IC50 values of 12.38 and 2.63 mg/mL, respectively. The mechanism study indicated that the inhibitory manner of the oil on CEase belonged to uncompetitive inhibition of reversible inhibition. The results derived from above studies suggest that LRM seed oil could be a potential source of high value phytochemicals for developing novel functional food.
Gain in adiposity over 3 years is associated with progressive renal decline in multi‐ethnic South‐east Asians with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Moh Mei Chung , Sum Chee Fang , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Ang Keven , Kwan Pek Yee , Lee Simon Biing Ming , Tang Wern Ee , Lim Su Chi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluated the association between gain in adiposity and renal decline in a large prospective multiethnic South‐east Asian cohort with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsThree years after the baseline visit, 2057 T2DM subjects were recalled for reassessment. The final cohort comprised 1014 subjects and was categorized into tertiles based on changes in body weight (ΔWt), body mass index (ΔBMI), visceral fat area (ΔVFA), and BMI‐adjusted VFA (ΔVFABMI). Outcomes included annual and rapid (≥3 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year) decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and progression of albuminuria.ResultsParticipants (mean [±SD] age 57 ± 11 years, 48.8% women, BMI 27.7 ± 5.4 kg/m2) exhibited a median annual decline in eGFR of 1.0 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Compared with the lower tertiles, Tertile 3 of ΔWt, ΔBMI, ΔVFA, and ΔVFABMI had the highest anthropometric increase, albeit of modest magnitude, and this was accompanied by the worst renal outcomes (all P < 0.05). The relationship between annual eGFR decline and Tertile 3 of ΔWt, ΔBMI, and ΔVFABMI persisted after multivariate adjustment in men but not in women. In addition, Tertile 3 of ΔWt, ΔBMI, ΔVFA, and ΔVFABMI predicted rapid eGFR decline. Anthropometric gains were also associated with progression of albuminuria.ConclusionsModest longitudinal gain in adiposity was associated with progressive renal decline in T2DM patients, suggesting that increased adiposity over time adversely affects renal outcomes. Therefore, a carefully designed weight‐neutral or ‐loss antidiabetic treatment regimen is important when managing T2DM in the clinic.
The International Trauma Questionnaire: development of a self‐report measure of ICD‐11 PTSD and complex PTSD
Authors: Cloitre M. , Shevlin M. , Brewin C. R. , Bisson J. I. , Roberts N. P. , Maercker A. , Karatzias T. , Hyland P. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to finalize the development of the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), a self‐report diagnostic measure of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD), as defined in the 11th version of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐11).MethodThe optimal symptom indicators of PTSD and CPTSD were identified by applying item response theory (IRT) analysis to data from a trauma‐exposed community sample (n = 1051) and a trauma‐exposed clinical sample (n = 247) from the United Kingdom. The validity of the optimized 12‐item ITQ was assessed with confirmatory factor analyses. Diagnostic rates were estimated and compared to previous validation studies.ResultsThe latent structure of the 12‐item, optimized ITQ was consistent with prior findings, and diagnostic rates of PTSD and CPTSD were in line with previous estimates.ConclusionThe ITQ is a brief, simply worded measure of the core features of PTSD and CPTSD. It is consistent with the organizing principles of the ICD‐11 to maximize clinical utility and international applicability through a focus on a limited but central set of symptoms. The measure is freely available and can be found in the body of this paper.