bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runners With Patellofemoral Pain Exhibit Greater Peak Patella Cartilage Stress Compared With Pain-Free Runners
Authors: Liao Tzu-Chieh , Keyak Joyce H. , Powers Christopher M. 
Published: February 2018

The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether recreational runners with patellofemoral pain (PFP) exhibit greater peak patella cartilage stress compared with pain-free runners. A secondary purpose was to determine the kinematic and/or kinetic predictors of peak patella cartilage stress during running. A total of 22 female recreational runners (12 with PFP and 10 pain-free controls) participated in this study. Patella cartilage stress profiles were quantified using subject-specific finite element models simulating the maximum knee flexion angle during the stance phase of running. Input parameters to the finite element model included subject-specific patellofemoral joint geometry, quadriceps muscle forces, and lower-extremity kinematics in the frontal and transverse planes. Tibiofemoral joint kinematics and kinetics were quantified to determine the best predictor of stress using stepwise regression analysis. Compared with the pain-free runners, those with PFP exhibited greater peak hydrostatic pressure (PFP vs control: 21.2 [5.6] MPa vs 16.5 [4.6] MPa) and maximum shear stress (PFP vs control: 11.3 [4.6] MPa vs 8.7 [2.3] MPa). Knee external rotation was the best predictor of peak hydrostatic pressure and peak maximum shear stress (38% and 25% of variances, respectively), followed by the knee extensor moment (21% and 25% of variances, respectively). Runners with PFP exhibit greater peak patella cartilage stress during running compared with pain-free individuals. The combination of knee external rotation and a high knee extensor moment best predicted the elevated peak stress during running.
Segregating the Distinct Effects of Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity on Older Adults’ Cardiovascular Structure and Function: Part 1—Linear Regression Analysis Approach
Authors: Ryan Declan , Wullems Jorgen , Stebbings Georgina , Morse Christopher , Stewart Claire , Onambele-Pearson Gladys 
Published: February 2018

Background: Physical behavior [PB, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB)] can adjust cardiovascular mortality risk in older adults. The aim of this study was to predict cardiovascular parameters (CVPs) using 21 parameters of PB. Methods: Participants [n = 93, 73.8 (6.23) y] wore a thigh-mounted accelerometer for 7 days. Phenotype of the carotid, brachial, and popliteal arteries was conducted using ultrasound. Results: Sedentary behavior was associated with one of the 19 CVPs. Standing and light-intensity PA was associated with 3 and 1 CVP, respectively. Our prediction model suggested that an hourly increase in light-intensity PA would be negatively associated with popliteal intima-media thickness [0.09 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.15 to 0.03)]. sMVPA [moderate–vigorous PA (MVPA), accumulated in bouts <10 min] was associated with 1 CVP. 10MVPA (MVPA accumulated in bouts ≥10 min) had no associations. W50% had associations with 3 CVP. SB%, alpha, true mean PA bout, daily sum of PA bout time, and total week 10MVPA each were associated with 2 CVP. Conclusions: Patterns of PB are more robust predictors of CVP than PB (hours per day). The prediction that popliteal intima-media thickness would be negatively associated with increased standing and light-intensity PA engagement suggests that older adults could obtain health benefits without MVPA engagement.
The Clarithromycin Susceptibility Genotype Affects the Treatment Outcome of Patients with Mycobacterium abscessus Lung Disease
Authors: Guo Qi , Chu Haiqing , Ye Meiping , Zhang Zhemin , Li Bing , Yang Shiyi , Ma Wei , Yu Fangyou 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium abscessus
accounts for a large proportion of lung disease cases caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria. The association between clarithromycin sensitivity and treatment outcome is clear. However,
M. abscessus
culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing are time-consuming. Clarithromycin susceptibility genotyping offers an alternate, rapid approach to predicting the efficacy of clarithromycin-based antibiotic therapy.
M. abscessus
lung disease patients were divided into two groups based upon the clarithromycin susceptibility genotype of the organism isolated. A retrospective analysis was conducted to compare the clinical features, microbiological characteristics, and treatment outcomes of the two groups. Several other potential predictors of the response to treatment were also assessed. Sixty-nine patients were enrolled in the clarithromycin-resistant genotype group, which included 5 infected with
rrl
2058-2059 mutants and 64 infected with
erm
(41)T28-type
M. abscessus
; 31 were in the clarithromycin-sensitive group, i.e., 6 and 25 patients infected with genotypes
erm
(41)C28 and
erm
(41) M type, respectively. The results showed that lung disease patients infected with clarithromycin-sensitive and -resistant
M. abscessus
genotypes differed significantly in clarithromycin-based combination treatment outcomes. Patients infected with the clarithromycin-sensitive genotype exhibited higher initial and final sputum-negative conversion and radiological improvement rates and better therapeutic outcomes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that genotyping was a reliable and, more importantly, rapid means of predicting the efficacy of clarithromycin-based antibiotic treatment for
M. abscessus
lung disease.
Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Wastewater Revealed by Genomic Analysis
Authors: Gomi Ryota , Matsuda Tomonari , Yamamoto Masaki , Chou Pei-Hsin , Tanaka Michio , Ichiyama Satoshi , Yoneda Minoru , Matsumura Yasufumi 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Wastewater is considered a major source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria released into the environment. Here, we characterized carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(CPE) in wastewater by whole-genome analysis. Wastewater samples (
n
= 40) were collected from municipal wastewater treatment plants and hospital wastewater in Japan and Taiwan. Samples were screened for CPE using selective media, and the obtained isolates were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq. The isolates (
n
= 45) included the following microorganisms:
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae
(
n
= 12),
Escherichia coli
(
n
= 10),
Enterobacter cloacae
complex (
n
= 10),
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(
n
= 8),
Klebsiella variicola
(
n
= 2),
Raoultella ornithinolytica
(
n
= 1),
Citrobacter freundii
(
n
= 1), and
Citrobacter amalonaticus
(
n
= 1). Among the 45 isolates, 38 harbored at least one carbapenemase-encoding gene. Of these, the
bla
GES
(
bla
GES-5
,
bla
GES-6
, and
bla
GES-24
) genes were found in 29 isolates. The genes were situated in novel class 1 integrons, but the integron structures were different between the Japanese (In1439 with
bla
GES-24
and In1440 with
bla
GES-5
) and Taiwanese (In1441 with
bla
GES-5
and In1442 with
bla
GES-6
) isolates. Other carbapenemase-encoding genes (
bla
VIM-1
,
bla
NDM-5
,
bla
IMP-8
,
bla
IMP-19
, and
bla
KPC-2
) were found in one to three isolates. Notably, class 1 integrons previously reported among clinical isolates obtained in the same regions as the present study, namely, In477 with
bla
IMP-19
and In73 with
bla
IMP-8
, were found among the Japanese and Taiwanese isolates, respectively. The results indicate that CPE with various carbapenemase-encoding genes in different genetic contexts were present in biologically treated wastewater, highlighting the need to monitor for antibiotic resistance in wastewater.
Transferable Plasmid-Borne
mcr-1
in a Colistin-Resistant Shigella flexneri Isolate
Authors: Liang Beibei , Roberts Adam P. , Xu Xuebin , Yang Chaojie , Yang Xiaoxia , Wang Jinyan , Yi Shengjie , Li Yongrui , Ma Qiuxia , Wu Fuli , Qiu Shaofu , Song Hongbin 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Since the initial discovery of
mcr-1
in an
Escherichia coli
isolate from China, the gene has also been detected in
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and
Salmonella enterica
but is rarely reported in other
Enterobacteriaceae
. Here, we report the isolation and identification of a
Shigella flexneri
strain harboring
mcr-1
from stool samples in a pig farm in China from 2009. The MIC of colistin for the isolate is 4 μg/ml. Conjugation assays showed that the donor
S. flexneri
strain has functional and transferable colistin resistance. Sequencing revealed that
mcr-1
was present on a putative composite transposon flanked by inverted repeats of IS
Apl1
.

IMPORTANCE
There are four species of
Shigella
, and
Shigella flexneri
is the most frequently isolated species in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this study, we report a functional, transferable, plasmid-mediated
mcr-1
gene in
S. flexneri
. We have shown that
mcr-1
is located on a novel composite transposon which is flanked by inverted repeats of IS
Apl1
. The host strain is multidrug resistant, and this multidrug resistance is also transferable. The finding of a functional
mcr-1
gene in
S. flexneri
, a human-associated
Enterobacteriaceae
family member, is a cause for concern as infections due to
S. flexneri
are the main
Shigella
infections in most low- and middle-income countries.
The Many Lives of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Claeys Tiffany A. , Robinson Richard T. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include species that colonize human epithelia, as well as species that are ubiquitous in soil and aquatic environments. NTM that primarily inhabit soil and aquatic environments include the
Mycobacterium avium
complex (MAC) (
M. avium
and
Mycobacterium intracellulare
) and the
Mycobacterium abscessus
complex (MABSC) (
M. abscessus
subsp.
abscessus
,
M. abscessus
subsp.
massiliense
, and
M. abscessus
subsp.
bolletii
) and can be free living, biofilm associated, or amoeba associated. Although NTM are rarely pathogenic in immunocompetent individuals, individuals who are immunocompromised, due to either an inherited or acquired immunodeficiency, are highly susceptible to NTM infection (NTMI). Several characteristics, such as biofilm formation and the ability of select NTM species to form distinct colony morphotypes, all may play a role in pathogenesis that is not observed in the related, well-characterized pathogen
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. Different morphotypes of NTM have been recognized and characterized since the 1950s, but the mechanisms that underlie colony phenotype change and subsequent differences in pathogenicity are just beginning to be explored. Advances in genomic analysis have led to progress in identifying genes important to the pathogenesis and persistence of MAC disease as well as in illuminating genetic aspects of different colony morphotypes. Here we review recent literature regarding NTM ecology and transmission, as well as the factors which regulate colony morphotype and pathogenicity.
Foodborne Outbreak of Group G Streptococcal Pharyngitis in a School Dormitory in Osaka, Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahiro , Kawahara Ryuji , Katsukawa Chihiro , Kanki Masashi , Harada Tetsuya , Yonogi Shinya , Iwasaki Satomi , Uehara Hirokazu , Okajima Saori , Nishimura Hiroshi , Motomura Kazushi , Miyazono Masaya , Kumeda Yuko , Kawatsu Kentaro 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn September 2016, 140 patients with primary symptoms of sore throat and fever were identified in a school dormitory in Osaka, Japan. Epidemiological and laboratory investigations determined that these symptomatic conditions were from a foodborne outbreak of group G streptococcus (GGS), with GGS being isolated from samples from patients, cooks, and foods. The strain of GGS was identified asStreptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilisof twoemmtypes (stG652.0andstC36.0). The causative food, a broccoli salad, was contaminated with the two types ofS. dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilis, totaling 1.3 × 104CFU/g. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of samples from patients, cooks, and foods produced similar band patterns among samples with the sameemmtype. This result suggested the possibility of exposure from the contaminated food. The average onset time was 44.9 h and the prevalence rate was 62%. This is the first report to identify the causative food of a foodborne outbreak byStreptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.equisimilis.
B3GNT3 overexpression is associated with unfavourable survival in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Gao Liuwei , Zhang Hua , Zhang Bin , Zhu Jinfang , Chen Chen , Liu Weiran 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-3 (B3GNT3) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to investigate the relevance of B3GNT3 expression in tumour prognosis.MethodsIn this study, B3GNT3 expression was examined in five pairs of resectable NSCLC tissue by Western blot and in 42 pairs of resectable NSCLC tissue by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry and statistical analysis were performed to assess the relationship between B3GNT3 expression scores and clinicopathological parameters, as well as clinical prognosis in a retrospective cohort of 176 NSCLC patients.ResultsBoth B3GNT3 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly higher in NSCLC tissue than in adjacent normal tissue. In the 176 NSCLC cases, a high B3GNT3 expression level was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and advanced TNM stage (P=0.043). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high B3GNT3 expression had significantly lower disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (P<0.001) than those with low B3GNT3 expression. Moreover, in the multivariate analyses, B3GNT3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (HR 0.329, 95% CI 0.213 to 0.508, P<0.001) and OS (HR 0.383, 95% CI 0.249 to 0.588, P<0.001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that high expression of B3GNT3 was associated with unfavourable DFS and OS in NSCLC patients, suggesting that B3GNT3 might be a potential prognostic biomarker for NSCLC.
Long-term efficacy and predictors of remission following adalimumab treatment in peripheral spondyloarthritis: 3-year results from ABILITY-2
Authors: Van den Bosch Filip , Mease Philip J , Sieper Joachim , Baeten Dominique L , Xia Yinglin , Chen Su , Pangan Aileen L , Song In-Ho 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesDescribe efficacy and safety of 3 years of adalimumab treatment in patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA) and identify predictors of remission.MethodsPatients with pSpA were randomised to adalimumab 40 mg every other week or placebo for 12 weeks; a 144-week open-label extension followed (NCT01064856). Remission was assessed by the Peripheral SpA Response Criteria (PSpARC) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score inactive disease (ASDAS ID). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of remission at 1 and 3 years and sustained remission (≥24 consecutive weeks).ResultsIn 165 patients, ASDAS ID was achieved by 47% at 1 year and 39% at 3 years; 36% and 33% achieved PSpARC remission, respectively. Sustained ASDAS ID and PSpARC remission were achieved by 52% (86/165) and 42% (70/165) of patients, respectively. Achieving ASDAS ID at week 12 significantly predicted 1 year (OR, 8.64 (95% CI 2.97 to 25.14)), 3 year (OR, 36.12 (95% CI 2.29 to 569.08)) and sustained ASDAS ID (OR, 8.01 (95% CI 2.47 to 25.97)); achieving PSpARC remission at week 12 consistently predicted 1 year (OR, 6.47 (95% CI 1.91 to 21.95)), 3 years (OR, 15.66 (95% CI 4.19 to 58.56)) and sustained PSpARC remission (OR, 20.27 (95% CI 5.37 to 76.46)). No baseline variables consistently predicted 1-year or 3-year remission or sustained remission. The safety profile of adalimumab was consistent with observations in other SpA disease indications.ConclusionsIn patients with pSpA, early response to adalimumab, but not baseline demographics or disease characteristics, was a better predictor of long-term remission.
Quadratic forms in characteristic 2 and a Wedderburn decomposition over rationals
Authors: Kaur Dilpreet , Kulshrestha Amit 
Published: February 2018

Let [Formula: see text] be a field of characteristic 2. In this paper, we provide an interesting application of quadratic forms over [Formula: see text] in determination of the Wedderburn decomposition of the rational group algebra [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a real special [Formula: see text]-group. We further apply these computations to exhibit two non-isomorphic real special [Formula: see text]-groups with isomorphic rational group algebra.
Multianalytical approach for the analysis of the Codices Millenarius Maior and Millenarius Minor in Kremsmuenster Abbey, Upper Austria
Authors: Frühmann Bernadette , Cappa Federica , Vetter Wilfried , Schreiner Manfred , Father Petrus  
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Two precious Carolingian manuscripts kept in the library of Kremsmuenster Abbey in Upper Austria were subject of investigation. The well-known Codices Millenarius Maior (Inv. No. CC Cim 1, Fig. 1a) and Millenarius Minor (Inv. No. CC Cim 2, Fig. 1b) were studied within the framework of the Centre of Image and Material Analysis in Cultural Heritage (CIMA) in Vienna. The manuscripts are especially famous for their precious and colorful miniatures of a very early medieval period. The aim of the work was the material identification (colors and inks) used for the make-up of the two codices in order to gain a better understanding of their evolution and their provenance. The instrumentation available in the CIMA laboratories allowed performing in situ measurements using non-destructive and non-invasive analytical methods. The investigations comprised a combination of three complementary methods: X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry in the reflection mode (rFTIR) and Raman spectrometry. In addition to the identification of the pigments and inks also a detailed characterization of the parchment concerning its manufacturing process was achieved by that combination. The identification of calcium carbonates on the surface of the parchment is an indicator for the liming or whitening of the animal skin, whereas the polishing process of the parchment surface with pumice stone, left traces of silicates, detected by rFTIR. The combination of XRF and Raman spectrometry enabled the characterization of black/brown inks in the text revealing the usage of iron gall inks. For the red inks applied for text and initials vermilion and red lead were applied in both codices. Furthermore, the pigment palette used for the illumination included: lead white, orpiment/realgar, red lead, vermilion and red iron oxides as well as azurite and indigo, together with the rather rare copper chloride hydroxide. Furthermore, in both gospels the application of metal leaves as well as powders made of silver–copper and gold–copper alloys could be determined by XRF on several folios.
Clinicopathologic factors, treatment patterns, and outcomes in micropapillary urothelial carcinoma (UC).
Authors: Mendiratta Prateek , Barata Pedro C. , Koshkin Vadim S. , Belcher Allan , McKenney Jesse , Schach Kim , Isharwal Sudhir , Lee Byron , Stephenson Andrew J. , Haber Georges-Pascal , Rini Brian I. , Gilligan Timothy D. , Ornstein Moshe Chaim , Garcia Jorge A. , Grivas Petros 
Published: February 2018

439 Background: Micropapillary UC remains rare yet with an aggressive phenotype. Limited data exists regarding the optimal management of this variant in the contemporary era. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed to identity patients (pts) with micropapillary UC at the Cleveland Clinic (1997-2017). Demographic, clinico-pathological, treatment regimens, and clinical outcomes, e.g. progression-free and overall survival (PFS and OS) data were collected. Results: A total of 102 pts with median age 70.5 (46-90) at diagnosis, 84%, men, 17% never smokers were identified. Stage at diagnosis for 68 pts with available data was T1 in 29, T2 in 36, T3 in 1, T4 in 2, N+ in 5, and M+ in 4 pts, respectively. Twelve pts were initially treated with intravesical therapy for NMIBC with 58% progressing to higher stage. Overall, 81% of pts had cystectomy; of those 19% had neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC; 81% cisplatin-based, median 3 cycles), 21 pts received adjuvant chemotherapy and 3 pts adjuvant radiation. Of 12 pts with available data, 4 had down-staging with NAC with 1 pCR. Pathologic stage was 0is, I, II, III, IV in 4%, 10%, 9%, 9%, and 67% respectively. Overall, 61 pts had recurrent or de-novo metastatic disease (most nodal/local-regional recurrence). For patients with recurrence post-surgery (n = 31), 35% received systemic chemotherapy, 16% had salvage surgery, 10% had salvage radiation, 19% had best supportive care, and the rest were lost to follow-up or refused treatment. The most common 1st-line regimen included platinum-doublet (46%), other combinations (23%), single-agent (23%) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (8%). Overall response (CR/PR) to 1st-line treatment was 38% and median PFS was 8 months (95%CI 0-16.4). Overall, 29 pts died with recurrent/metastatic disease with a median OS (from time of diagnosis) of 39.3 months (95%CI 28.4-50.2) Median OS (from time of diagnosis) for pts treated with cystectomy was 47.1 months (95%CI 23.9-50.2). Conclusions: Micropapillary UC was associated with advanced pathologic stage at cystectomy and limited use of NAC. Responses were noted with NAC and 1st line systemic treatment. Further validation can assist in prognostication and selection/stratification in future trials.
Combination checkpoint immunotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy: Further results from a phase Ib/II trial of pembrolizumab and docetaxel or gemcitabine in patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer.
Authors: Parikh Mamta , Pan Chong-xian , Beckett Laurel , Li Yueju , Robles Daniel , DeVisser Christina , Lara Primo 
Published: February 2018

525 Background: We previously reported tolerability of pembrolizumab plus either docetaxel or gemcitabine in platinum-treated metastatic urothelial cancer patients (pts), given the hypothesis that chemotherapy might enhance tumoral neoantigen expression and modulate immunogenicity of tumor cells, potentially enhancing the response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Herein we report further results from an expansion cohort. Methods: Eligible pts had Zubrod PS 0-1, adequate end-organ function, and up to 2 prior lines of chemotherapy (at least one platinum based). Patients were treated with pembrolizumab 200 mg IV on D1 q3weeks plus either docetaxel 75 mg/m2 IV on D1 (Arm A) or gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 IV on D1 & D8 (Arm B). Primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints were overall response rate (RR) and progression free-survival (PFS). Results: A total of 20 pts have enrolled, 9 in Arm A, 11 in Arm B. Mean age was 66 (range 31-84). Most common AEs ≥ Grade 3 were hyponatremia (8/20), anemia (5/20), fatigue (5/20), neutropenia (4/20), leukopenia (4/20) acute kidney injury (3/20), hypophosphatemia (3/20). There were no treatment-related deaths; 13 died from tumor progression (PD). In total, 1 pt had complete response (CR), 5 pts had partial responses (PR), 3 pts had minor responses (MR), 4 had stable disease (SD), and 7 progressed (PD); overall RR was 45% and Disease Control Rate (DCR) was 65%. Arm A had overall RR of 44%, DCR 56%. Arm B had overall RR of 45%, DCR 73%. Median PFS (overall, Arm A & Arm B) was 7, 13.3, and 5.9 months. Conclusions: The combination of pembrolizumab with either docetaxel or gemcitabine is tolerated with expected adverse effects, with evidence of efficacy. Expanded cohorts continue to enroll. Clinical trial information: NCT02437370.