bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving the predator first paradox: Arthropod predator food webs in pioneer sites of glacier forelands
Authors: Sint Daniela , Kaufmann Ruediger , Mayer Rebecca , Traugott Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrimary succession on bare ground surrounded by intact ecosystems is, during its first stages, characterized by predator‐dominated arthropod communities. However, little is known on what prey sustains these predators at the start of succession and which factors drive the structure of these food webs. As prey availability can be extremely patchy and episodic in pioneer stages, trophic networks might be highly variable. Moreover, the importance of allochthonous versus autochthonous food sources for these pioneer predators is mostly unknown. To answer these questions, the gut content of 1,832 arthropod predators, including four species of carabid beetles, two lycosid and several linyphiid spider species caught in early and late pioneer stages of three glacier forelands, was screened molecularly to track intraguild and extraguild trophic interactions among all major prey groups occurring in these systems. Two‐thirds of the 2,310 identified food detections were collembolans and intraguild prey, while one‐third were allochthonous flying insects. Predator identity and not successional stage or valley had by far the strongest impact on the trophic interaction patterns. Still, the variability of prey spectra increased significantly from early to late pioneer stage, as did the niche width of the predators. As such the structure of pioneer arthropod food webs in recently deglaciated Alpine habitats seems to be driven foremost by predator identity while site and early successional effects contribute to a lesser extent to food web variability. Our findings also suggest that in these pioneer sites, predatory arthropods depend less on allochthonous aeolian prey but are mainly sustained by prey of local production.
Relations in Creation and Christology: A Response to Porter
Authors: Case Brendan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn a recent, provocative essay (“Inheriting Wittgenstein's Augustine,” New Blackfriars (February, 2018)), Philip Porter criticizes Augustine's habit of drawing analogies between the embodiment of concepts in language and the Incarnation of the Word as Jesus of Nazareth, suggesting that his distinctions encourage us to drive a wedge between God the Son and the human being, Jesus, whom he is. Porter worries that Augustine succumbs to the linguistic and then theological fantasy that we might peel away the word's flesh, to attain to the Word beneath. He proposes to dissolve this fantasy by way of a Wittgensteinian revision of Augustine's linguistic Christology, eschewing the distinction between the “verbum mentis” and the “verbum vocis,” the better to safeguard the unity of Christ. In what follows, I suggest that while Augustine is indeed tempted toward Christological error by an inappropriate extension of the linguistic analogy, Porter's proposed corrective both neglects important resources from the developed Chalcedonian tradition, and has as its unhappy outcome that “God is robbed of his transcendence, and creation of its true gratuity.”
A predictive model of suicidal ideation in Korean college students
Authors: Kim Geunmyun , Cha Sunkyung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe study was conducted to develop a theoretical model to comprehensively explain suicidal ideation in Korean college students by including resilience, belongingness, and college life adjustment in addition to depression and stress.Design and SampleThis study was a descriptive survey with 291 college students.MeasuresStructural equation modeling was used to the hypotheses on this study.ResultsBelongingness and depression showed a statistically significant direct effect, and college life stress and belongingness showed a statistically significant indirect effect. Belongingness was the most influential, and all the predictors in combination had an explanatory power of 37% for suicidal ideation in college students.ConclusionsFindings suggest a model of suicidal ideation focused on perspective, protective factors; previous research provided a negative perspective with focus on risk factors for suicidal ideation. Findings can be used to develop diverse programs to decrease suicidal ideation in college students and help them to adjust to college life.
TBL10 is required for O‐acetylation of pectic rhamnogalacturonan‐I in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Stranne Maria , Ren Yanfang , Fimognari Lorenzo , Birdseye Devon , Yan Jingwei , Bardor Muriel , Mollet Jean‐Claude , Komatsu Takanori , Kikuchi Jun , Scheller Henrik V. , Sakuragi Yumiko 
Published: August 2018

SummaryO‐Acetylated pectins are abundant in the primary cell wall of plants and growing evidence suggests they have important roles in plant cell growth and interaction with the environment. Despite their importance, genes required for O‐acetylation of pectins are still largely unknown. In this study, we showed that TRICHOME BIREFRINGENCE LIKE 10 (AT3G06080) is involved in O‐acetylation of pectins in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The activity of the TBL10 promoter was strong in tissues where pectins are highly abundant (e.g. leaves). Two homozygous knock‐out mutants of Arabidopsis, tbl10‐1 and tbl10‐2, were isolated and shown to exhibit reduced levels of wall‐bound acetyl esters, equivalent of ~50% of the wild‐type level in pectin‐enriched fractions derived from leaves. Further fractionation revealed that the degree of acetylation of the pectin rhamnogalacturonan‐I (RG‐I) was reduced in the tbl10 mutant compared to the wild type, whereas the pectin homogalacturonan (HG) was unaffected. The degrees of acetylation in hemicelluloses (i.e. xyloglucan, xylan and mannan) were indistinguishable between the tbl10 mutants and the wild type. The mutant plants contained normal trichomes in leaves and exhibited a similar level of susceptibility to the phytopathogenic microorganisms Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Botrytis cinerea; while they displayed enhanced tolerance to drought. These results indicate that TBL10 is required for O‐acetylation of RG‐I, possibly as an acetyltransferase, and suggest that O‐acetylated RG‐I plays a role in abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis.
Thylakoid proteome modulation in pea plants grown at different irradiances: quantitative proteomic profiling in a non‐model organism aided by transcriptomic data integration
Authors: Albanese Pascal , Manfredi Marcello , Re Angela , Marengo Emilio , Saracco Guido , Pagliano Cristina 
Published: August 2018

SummaryPlant thylakoid membranes contain hundreds of proteins that closely interact to cope with ever‐changing environmental conditions. We investigated how Pisum sativum L. (pea) grown at different irradiances optimizes light‐use efficiency through the differential accumulation of thylakoid proteins. Thylakoid membranes from plants grown under low (LL), moderate (ML) and high (HL) light intensity were characterized by combining chlorophyll fluorescence measurements with quantitative label‐free proteomic analysis. Protein sequences retrieved from available transcriptomic data considerably improved thylakoid proteome profiling, increasing the quantifiable proteins from 63 to 194. The experimental approach used also demonstrates that this integrative omics strategy is powerful for unravelling protein isoforms and functions that are still unknown in non‐model organisms. We found that the different growth irradiances affect the electron transport kinetics but not the relative abundance of photosystems (PS) I and II. Two acclimation strategies were evident. The behaviour of plants acclimated to LL was compared at higher irradiances: (i) in ML, plants turn on photoprotective responses mostly modulating the PSII light‐harvesting capacity, either accumulating Lhcb4.3 or favouring the xanthophyll cycle; (ii) in HL, plants reduce the pool of light‐harvesting complex II and enhance the PSII repair cycle. When growing at ML and HL, plants accumulate ATP synthase, boosting both cyclic and linear electron transport by finely tuning the ΔpH across the membrane and optimizing protein trafficking by adjusting the thylakoid architecture. Our results provide a quantitative snapshot of how plants coordinate light harvesting, electron transport and protein synthesis by adjusting the thylakoid membrane proteome in a light‐dependent manner.
A pilot study evaluating adaptive closed‐loop fluid resuscitation during states of absolute and relative hypovolemia in dogs
Authors: Gholami Behnood , Haddad Wassim M. , Bailey James M. , Geist Beth , Ueyama Yukie , Muir William W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate and determine the performance of a partially automated as well as a fully automated closed‐loop fluid resuscitation system during states of absolute and relative hypovolemia.DesignProspective experimental trial.SettingResearch laboratory.AnimalsFive adult Beagle dogs.MethodsIsoflurane anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs were subjected to absolute hypovolemia (controlled: 2 trials; uncontrolled: 3 trials), relative hypovolemia (2 trials), and the combination of relative and absolute controlled hypovolemia (2 trials). Controlled and uncontrolled hypovolemia were produced by withdrawing blood from the carotid or femoral artery. Relative hypovolemia was produced by increasing the isoflurane concentration (1 trial) or by infusion of intravenous sodium nitroprusside (1 trial). Relative hypovolemia combined with controlled absolute hypovolemia was produced by increasing the isoflurane concentration (1 trial) and infusion of IV sodium nitroprusside (1 trial). Hemodynamic parameters including stroke volume variation (SVV) were continuously monitored and recorded in all dogs. A proprietary closed‐loop fluid administration system based on fluid distribution and compartmental dynamical systems administered a continuous infusion of lactated Ringers solution in order to restore and maintain SVV to a predetermined target value.Measurements and Main ResultsA total of 9 experiments were performed on 5 dogs. Hemodynamic parameters deteriorated and SVV increased during controlled or uncontrolled hypovolemia, relative hypovolemia, and during relative hypovolemia combined with controlled hypovolemia. Stroke volume variation was restored to baseline values during closed‐loop fluid infusion.ConclusionsClosed‐loop fluid administration based on IV fluid distribution and compartmental dynamical systems can be used to provide goal directed fluid therapy during absolute or relative hypovolemia in mechanically ventilated isoflurane anesthetized dogs.
A synthetic microRNA‐92a inhibitor (MRG‐110) accelerates angiogenesis and wound healing in diabetic and nondiabetic wounds
Authors: Gallant‐Behm Corrie L. , Piper Joseph , Dickinson Brent A. , Dalby Christina M. , Pestano Linda A. , Jackson Aimee L. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThere is a strong unmet need for new therapeutics to accelerate wound healing across both chronic and acute indications. It is well established that local tissue hypoxia, vascular insufficiency, and/or insufficient angiogenesis contribute to inadequate wound repair in the context of diabetic foot ulcers as well as to other chronic wounds such as venous stasis and pressure ulcers. microRNA‐92a‐3p (miR‐92a) is a potent antiangiogenic miRNA whose inhibition has led to increases in angiogenesis in multiple organ systems, resulting in an improvement in function following myocardial infarction, limb ischemia, vascular injury, and bone fracture. Due to their pro‐angiogenic effects, miR‐92a inhibitors offer potential therapeutics to accelerate the healing process in cutaneous wounds as well. This study investigated the effect of a development stage locked nucleic acid‐modified miR‐92a inhibitor, MRG‐110, in excisional wounds in db/db mice and in normal pigs. In both acute and chronic wounds, MRG‐110 increased granulation tissue formation as assessed by histology, angiogenesis as assessed by immunohistochemistry and tissue perfusion, and wound healing as measured by time to closure and percent closure over time. The effects of MRG‐110 were greater than those that were observed with the positive controls rhVEGF‐165 and rhPDGF‐BB, and MRG‐110 was at least additive with rhPDGF‐BB when co‐administered in db/db mouse wounds. MRG‐110 was found to up‐regulate expression of the pro‐angiogenic miR‐92a target gene integrin alpha 5 in vitro in both human vascular endothelial cells and primary human skin fibroblasts and in vivo in mouse skin, demonstrating its on‐target effects in vitro and in vivo. Additional safety endpoints were assessed in both the mouse and pig studies with no safety concerns noted. These studies suggest that MRG‐110 has the potential to accelerate both chronic and acute wound healing and these data provide support for future clinical trials of MRG‐110.
Staphylococcal Biofilms
Authors: Otto Michael 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTStaphylococci, with the leading speciesStaphylococcus aureusandStaphylococcus epidermidis, are the most frequent causes of infections on indwelling medical devices. The biofilm phenotype that those bacteria adopt during device-associated infection facilitates increased resistance to antibiotics and host immune defenses. This review presents and discusses the molecular mechanisms contributing to staphylococcal biofilm development and their in-vivo importance. Furthermore, it summarizes current strategies for the development of therapeutics against staphylococcal biofilm-associated infection.
Variability in the ocular phenotype in mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Sornalingam Krishanthy , Javed Ahmed , Aslam Tariq , Sergouniotis Panagiotis , Jones Simon , Ghosh Arunabha , Ashworth Jane 
Published: August 2018

PurposeMucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a heterogeneous group of lysosomal storage disorders. Ocular complications (such as corneal clouding, retinopathy and optic neuropathy) are common. Notably, there is a paucity of data on the effect of genotype and systemic treatments (enzyme replacement therapy or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation) on the ocular phenotype in MPS. We prospectively studied the ocular features of patients with MPSI (Hurler/Hurler-Scheie/Scheie), MPSIV (Morquio) and MPSVI (Maroteaux-Lamy), to evaluate the effect of different therapeutic interventions and to correlate the findings with genetic and biomarker data.MethodsProspective observational cohort study. Study participants underwent detailed ocular examination including visual acuity; assessment of corneal clouding (Iris camera Corneal Opacification Measure score and Pentacam densitometry) and retinal and optic nerve imaging (optical coherence tomography and wide-field fundus imaging). Data on genotype, biomarkers and delivered therapies (type and length of treatment) were also collected for each patient where available.ResultsOverall, 21 patients with MPSI, 4 patients with MPSIV and 3 patients with MPSVI were recruited. Corneal clouding scores were higher in MPSI compared with MPSIV and MPSVI. Retinopathy was evident in patients with MPSI only. Association was observed between corneal clouding and biomarkers in MPSI, MPSIV and MPSVI. However, no clear association was seen between genotype or treatment type and ocular phenotype.ConclusionsThe ocular phenotype in MPS is variable, with corneal clouding occurring in MPSI, MPSIV and MPSVI, and retinopathy in MPSI only. There was an association between corneal clouding and efficacy of systemic treatment as measured by biomarkers.
Perturbations of BMP/TGF-β and VEGF/VEGFR signalling pathways in non-syndromic sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM)
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhao Sen , Liu Bowen , Zhang Qianqian , Li Yaqi , Liu Jiaqi , Shen Yan , Ding Xinghuan , Lin Jiachen , Wu Yong , Yan Zihui , Chen Jia , Li Xiaoxin , Song Xiaofei , Niu Yuchen , Liu Jian , Chen Weisheng , Ming Yue , Du Renqian , Chen Cong , Long Bo , Zhang Yisen , Tong Xiangjun , Zhang Shuyang , Posey Jennifer E , Zhang Bo , Wu Zhihong , Wythe Joshua D , Liu Pengfei , Lupski James R , Yang Xinjian , Wu Nan 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundBrain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM) represent a congenital anomaly of the cerebral vessels with a prevalence of 10–18/100 000. BAVM is the leading aetiology of intracranial haemorrhage in children. Our objective was to identify gene variants potentially contributing to disease and to better define the molecular aetiology underlying non-syndromic sporadic BAVM.MethodsWe performed whole-exome trio sequencing of 100 unrelated families with a clinically uniform BAVM phenotype. Pathogenic variants were then studied in vivo using a transgenic zebrafish model.ResultsWe identified four pathogenic heterozygous variants in four patients, including one in the established BAVM-related gene,ENG, and three damaging variants in novel candidate genes:PITPNM3,SARSandLEMD3, which we then functionally validated in zebrafish. In addition, eight likely pathogenic heterozygous variants (TIMP3,SCUBE2, MAP4K4, CDH2, IL17RD, PREX2, ZFYVE16andEGFR) were identified in eight patients, and 16 patients carried one or more variants of uncertain significance. Potential oligogenic inheritance (MAP4K4withENG,RASA1withTIMP3andSCUBE2withENG) was identified in three patients. Regulation of sma- and mad-related proteins (SMADs) (involved in bone morphogenic protein (BMP)/transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signalling) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/vascular endotheliual growth factor recepter 2 (VEGFR2) binding and activity (affecting the VEGF signalling pathway) were the most significantly affected biological process involved in the pathogenesis of BAVM.ConclusionsOur study highlights the specific role of BMP/TGF-β and VEGF/VEGFR signalling in the aetiology of BAVM and the efficiency of intensive parallel sequencing in the challenging context of genetically heterogeneous paradigm.
Quantum symmetry of graph C∗-algebras associated with connected graphs
Authors: Joardar Soumalya , Mandal Arnab 
Published: August 2018

We define a notion of quantum automorphism groups of graph [Formula: see text]-algebras for finite, connected graphs. Under the assumption that the underlying graph does not have any multiple edge or loop, the quantum automorphism group of the underlying directed graph in the sense of Banica [Quantum automorphism groups of homogeneous graphs, J. Funct. Anal. 224 (2005) 243–280] (which is also the symmetry object in the sense of [S. Schmidt and M. Weber, Quantum symmetry of graph [Formula: see text]-algebras, arXiv:1706.08833 ] is shown to be a quantum subgroup of quantum automorphism group in our sense. Quantum symmetries for some concrete graph [Formula: see text]-algebras have been computed.
Abstract A015: Intrapatient heterogeneity of multiple myeloma is evenly distributed in multiple myeloma lesions
Authors: Mishima Yuji , Terui Yasuhito , Hatake Kiyohiko 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: We previously reported that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from myeloma patients and clonal plasma cells from the BM biopsy of the same patients have quite similar clonal structures (Cell Rep. 2017;19(1):218). Specifically, overall, 90% of CTC mutations were present in BM tumors and 93% of BM mutations were present in CTC samples, and upon analyzing the mutational variants by nucleotide change, we found that the percentages of each change in BM myeloma PCs and CTCs were concordant. This finding suggests the possibility that multiple lesions of a multiple myeloma patient basically share similar clonal structure. Methods: To examine this hypothesis, we performed xenograft dissemination model of multiple myeloma using DNA-barcoded cell library. Briefly, two million human multiple myeloma cell lines barcoded with 12mer-DNA tags were inoculated into the bone chips harvested from syngeneic donor mice and the tumor-bearing bone chips were implanted to recipient mice. After the implanted myeloma cells were disseminated to murine host bone marrow via hematogenous dissemination, tumor cells were harvested from multiple BM sites and peripheral blood then analyzed the clonal structure by next-generation sequencing. Results: The clonal structures of tumor cells were highly concordant between left and right femur bone marrow from same mice. In addition, the clonal structures of tumor in host murine bone marrow were also highly concordant with those of CTCs harvested from same mice as we observed in clinical samples previously. Discussion: Recent studies of massive parallel sequencing of tumor cells obtained from the BM of patients with MM have demonstrated significant intrapatient clonal heterogeneity. Most patients have both clonal and subclonal variants even in single biopsy site. In a previous study, we have shown that the variant landscapes of tumors were highly concordant between CTCs and single BM biopsy specimen in same patients. Together with these findings, the result of our xenograft model may indicate that the tumor lesions of myeloma patients basically consist of heterogeneous but highly shared tumor cell population across the multiple lesions. The concordance of clonal structures among the multiple BM lesions is thought to be due to the fact that the clonal structure of BM myeloma tumors reflects that of CTC. Together, this study supports validity of the CTC for genetic profiling.
Citation Format: Yuji Mishima, Yasuhito Terui, Kiyohiko Hatake. Intrapatient heterogeneity of multiple myeloma is evenly distributed in multiple myeloma lesions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A015.