bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and political determinants of health among Syrian refugee young adults in the Bekaa, Lebanon: a prospective cohort study of the impact of security raids on perceived discrimination and well-being
Authors: Ghandour Lilian , Brown Grant , Tleis Malak , Al Masri Hanan , Fares Marwa , Al Halabi Fadi , Najjar Yamen , Louis Bayan , Afifi Rima A , Nakkash Rima 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesIn this work, which forms part of a larger study of a longitudinal intervention focused on empowering Community Mental Health Workers in a humanitarian context, we examine changes in and correlates of well-being of refugees as a result of discriminatory practices by the State, with comparisons motivated by a mechanistic model of well-being.DesignThis cohort study examines well-being at a single follow-up time as predicted by baseline characteristics in response to a changing social conditions including security raids on our participants; the parent interventional randomised trial focuses on a population of youth in a refugee context, but the present work precedes the main intervention period.SettingRefugee populations are among the most vulnerable globally, and the total refugee population is growing dramatically. As of 2022, more than 12 million Syrians have been forcibly displaced with 6.5 million of them classified as refugees. In Lebanon specifically, tension between refugees and the host government has recently risen most evident through security raids, threatening the well-being of already displaced persons.ParticipantsThe study recruited Syrian refugee young adults (18–24 years) who have completed at least high school; additional inclusion criteria included: living in the catchment areas within the Bekaa at the time of screening, having been involved in non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or service to their community and having expressed motivation to serve their community. Applicants who fit the inclusion criteria were further screened by a psychiatrist to ensure that they were not experiencing acute distress at the time of recruitment (February 2023–March 2023). Recruitment occurred through posters on social media platforms of Multi-Aid Programmes. Ninety-two young adults were randomly assigned to one of the three randomised controlled trial arms.InterventionsNone at the time of the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes were measures of well-being at baseline and follow-up.ResultsWe find that the ability of NGOs to work with refugee populations may be threatened in important ways by government security raids, with possibly the most vulnerable subjects participating at baseline being less likely to respond during the raids. Moreover, we discuss the paradoxical short-term effects of the isolation induced by the raids, where daily experience of stigmatising events actually decreased during this period.ConclusionsThese results highlight the challenging environment in which refugees in Lebanon live in, and raise important questions about long-term solutions to the crisis.Trial registration numberNCT05265611; LBCTR2023015206.
The Role of Mammographic Breast Area/Microcalcification Cluster Area (BA/MCA) Ratio in the Classification of BI‐RADS 4 Lesions: A Step for Development of Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Bahçecioğlu Ibrahim Burak , Morkavuk Şevket Barış , Çimen Şebnem , Turan Müjdat , Çetinkaya Gökay , Gülçelik Mehmet Ali 
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The working principle of artificial intelligence in medicine is primarily as follows: The data are collected and entered into the system, the computer uses an algorithm to gather information via these data, and finally, it analyzes this algorithm to utilize in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. In this study, we investigated the achievement of mammographic breast area/microcalcification cluster area ratio (BA/MCA) in the grouping of BI‐RADS 4 (a, b, c) lesions. We planned to contribute to the development of artificial intelligence in medicine with a simple calculation program to be attached to the mammography computer.Methods: 125 patients who underwent surgery with the diagnosis of mammographic BI‐RADS 4 lesion (could not be detected in lesion‐specific ultrasonography) between 2019 and 2022 in the Department of Surgical Oncology of Health Sciences University Gulhane Medical Faculty Training and Research Hospital were retrospectively examined. The mammographic MCA was divided by the breast area and their ratio was calculated. The relationship between the ratios we found and the BI‐RADS values defined by radiology was analyzed.Results: We found the median BA/MCA value of BI‐RADS 4a patients to be 24943.5, BI‐RADS 4b patients to be 12609.2, and BI‐RADS 4c patients to be 11547.1 (p = 0.003). According to ROC curve analysis, we detected the BA/MCA ratio for BI‐RADS 4c to be 14183.34 (AUC = 0.686, p = 0.005, sensitivity 54.2%). This ratio is inversely related, and the probability of BI‐RADS 4c increases in patients with a BA/MCA ratio less than 14183.34. We revealed that the malignancy rate of radiological BI‐RADS 4c patients was 90%, and the cutoff value of BI‐RADS 4c patients was 72%. Using both classifications together, we detected the malignancy rate to be 98%.Conclusion: The increase in the ratio of MCA to BA might have a place in the differentiation of BI‐RADS 4 lesions. We foresee that artificial intelligence could also have a place in the classification of BI‐RADS lesions with software to be installed on the mammography computer.
Going Round in Circles: A Cognitive Bias in Geometric Reasoning
Authors: Hamami Yacin , Amalric Marie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Deductive reasoning is essential to most of our scientific and technological achievements and is a crucial component to scientific education. In Western culture, deductive reasoning first emerged as a dedicated mode of thinking in the field of geometry, but the cognitive mechanisms behind this major intellectual achievement remain largely understudied. Here, we report an unexpected cognitive bias in geometric reasoning that challenges existing theories of human deductive reasoning. Over two experiments involving almost 250 participants, we show that educated adults systematically mistook as valid a set of elementary invalid inferences with points and circles in the Euclidean plane. Our results suggest that people got “locked” on unwarranted conclusions because they tended to represent geometric premisses in specific ways and they mainly relied on translating, but not scaling, the circles when searching for possible conclusions. We conducted two further experiments to test these hypotheses and found confirmation for them. Although mathematical reasoning is considered as the hallmark of rational thinking, our findings indicate that it is not exempt from cognitive biases and is subject to fundamental counter-intuitions. Our empirical investigations into the source of this bias provide some insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying geometric deduction, and thus shed light on the cognitive roots of intuitive mathematical reasoning.
Object Feature Memory Is Distorted by Category Structure
Authors: Tandoc Marlie C. , Dong Cody V. , Schapiro Anna C. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Memory systems constantly confront the challenge of capturing both the shared features that connect experiences together and the unique features that distinguish them. Across two experiments, we leveraged a color memory distortion paradigm to investigate how we handle this representational tension when learning new information. Over a thirty-minute period, participants learned shared and unique features of categories of novel objects, where each feature was assigned a particular color. While participants did not differ in how accurately they remembered these features overall, when inaccurate, participants misremembered the color of shared (relative to unique) features as more similar to the category’s average color, suggesting more integration of shared features in memory. This same rapid representational warping manifested in a neural network model trained on the same categories. The work reveals how memories for different features are rapidly and differentially warped as a function of their roles in a category.
The Spectral Imagination; or, Using the Past to Re-imagine the Future
Authors: Millar Charlotte-Rose 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This piece explores the phenomenon of ghosts in early modern England to highlight the strength of the premodern imagination as a tool for conceptualising the future. Ghosts can be viewed as an imaginative resource to fulfil social obligations or to express hopes and fears. There is a strong emotional element here. For people living in both the premodern and modern world, ghosts could (and can) be a way in which emotions became externally embodied, either in a sense of a presence, or in a more tangible form. As such, this piece explores the links between supernatural belief, strong emotions and the imagination of multiple futures.
Guénonian Traditionalism at the Grand Mosque of Paris: a Profile of a Sufi Teacher
Authors: Stegmann Ricarda 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the Sufi teachings of a religious authority who has taught at the Al-Ghazali Institute of the Grand Mosque of Paris. It first shows that this teacher’s vision of Sufism and of the Orient and Occident is based on the views of the French thinker René Guénon, but with a stronger Islamic accent, similar to Michel Valsan’s reception of Guénon. It then discusses which new implications this Guénonian-tinged Sufism contains, firstly, when it is performed for a migrant audience, and secondly, when it is taught at the highly symbolic site of the Grand Mosque of Paris. In this context, we also discuss parallels and differences between Guénon’s valorisation of the Orient on the one hand and colonial Orientalism as manifested at the Mosque of Paris since the 1920s on the other hand. Finally, we will present the teacher’s positions and way of thinking as representing a place where diverse currents of thought and political claims intersect and show that this challenges their potential classification as “integrated” or “non-integrated” within current political debates.
Rethinking Insularity in the Canadian Constitutional System
Authors: Fusco Sara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article offers an analysis of the potential of the insularity concept into the Canadian constitutional framework considering environmental degradation and Indigenous rights. The analysis highlights how ecological conservation supports the right to self-determination of the most vulnerable social groups, island communities and Indigenous Peoples, as the Inuit in the Arctic Archipelago. The discussion introduces the most recent interpretation of article 7, 15 and 35 of the Canadian Constitutional law and the distinctions-based approach of the modern treaties. For these reasons, the article is a valid exercise in legal transplants among different constitutional cases of insularity.
An Examination of the Ming Empire’s Inner Asianness: Focusing on Qing Dynasty Analogies
Authors: Zhong Han , Phurbu Dorje Metters Kevin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Among overseas “New Qing History” scholars, the Ming Empire is typically interpreted as an ethnically Han-Chinese regime that lacked the characteristics of Inner Asian polities. This author, however, asserts that this view is incorrect. Like the Qing, the emperors of the Ming ruled as qaghans over their northern steppe subjects and as the incarnation of the bodhisattva Manjusri in the eyes of Tibetan-Mongolian Buddhists. Also like their Qing dynasty counterparts, the Ming Empire produced multilingual documents, combining Chinese and ethnic minority scripts, a potent symbol of their “universal” rule. Lastly, the Ming emperors also actively pursued a policy of promoting governance through religion, creating a cultural and political legacy that would come to directly shape later relations between the Qing empire and the frontier regions of their empire.
Beyond the Lens: the Telescope’s Influence on Art and Vision in Ming-Qing China
Authors: Huang Bing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The telescope was invented during the early seventeenth century in Europe and introduced to China during the Ming dynasty. This article discusses how the telescope shattered the epistemological understanding of vision in China in the late Ming to the mid-Qing dynasty. The telescope revolutionized not only scientific ways of seeing but also changed many aspects of culture and the philosophical understanding of vision itself. I endeavour to explain the visual perception afforded by telescope, and discuss the social aspects of that vision and the multiplicity of applications of the telescope in China through scientific books, records of imperial workshops, poetry, novels, and paintings. I argue that telescope not only helped the Chinese to imagine how to visually conquer space but also how to overcome the limits of time.
The Engineering Paradigm and Its Historical Evolution and Construction
Authors: Zhang Xiuhua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Engineering is directly related to civilization, and in the face of the “emergency” posed by modernity, there is an imperative need to change the practical approaches of modern engineering that underlines modernity. Engineering thinking and paradigms in different eras often manifest in distinct modes of engineering, contributing to various types of civilizations. To date, in a morphological sense, humanity has experienced the “engineering in-itself paradigm” of the premodern agricultural civilization, which adapts to nature, and the “engineering for-itself paradigm” of the modern industrial civilization, which dominates nature. It is now moving toward the Engineering Ecology Paradigm, the “engineering in- and for-itself paradigm” of a postindustrial civilization, which seeks harmony between humans and nature. To this end, it is not only necessary to establish the thinking of engineering ecology but also to consciously promote the transition of engineering paradigms, embracing holistic, synergistic, and ethical perspectives for sustainable and harmonious development.
Energetics of Atmospheric Meridional Teleconnection Patterns over the North Pacific in Winter
Authors: Satoh Ryo , Kosaka Yu , Nakamura Hisashi , Miyamoto Ayumu , Okajima Satoru 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The western Pacific (WP) pattern, the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), and the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern are known as dominant meridional teleconnection patterns over the wintertime North Pacific. To investigate why these specific patterns are dominant, the energetics of atmospheric meridional teleconnection patterns over the wintertime North Pacific are comprehensively examined. A total of 286 meridionally dipolar circulation anomaly patterns are systematically extracted as regression anomalies onto 500-hPa zonal wind anomalies at various locations over the basin. Taking energy conversion/generation efficiency as a key metric, this study evaluates energy conversion with the climatological-mean state, feedback forcing from modulated high-frequency eddies, diabatic energy generation, and energy flux from the tropical atmosphere for each of the patterns. For all the patterns obtained from intraseasonal variability, baroclinic available potential energy conversion from the climatological-mean state contributes most efficiently to their maintenance. Meanwhile, barotropic kinetic energy conversion from the climatological-mean flow tends to play a secondary role, but it becomes more important if situated in the jet exit. As a net, energy conversion from the climatological-mean state and energy transfers from modulated high-frequency eddies act to energize all the patterns. Significant differences are found in net energy conversion efficiency among the patterns, arising mostly from differences in the efficiency of conversion from the climatological-mean state. Furthermore, the three dominant teleconnection patterns bear higher net conversion efficiency. In fact, net conversion efficiency is strongly correlated with the total energy possessed by each pattern, indicating a crucial role of the net energy conversion efficiency in the dominance of teleconnection patterns.
Intraclass Correlation in Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials: A Meta-Analysis of Studies on Major Depression
Authors: Bhaskarapillai Binukumar , Malo Palash Kumar , Kishore M. Thomas , Joseph Anoop , Majhi Gobinda , Jaisoorya T S , Kandavel Thennarasu 
Published: December 2024

Background: Though cluster randomized trials (CRTs) provide robust evidence for intervention by controlling contamination of interventions, there could be some loss of statistical efficiency. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) recommends reporting intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) to understand this phenomenon, though not many studies follow this. This meta-analysis explored the compliance of CRTs in major depression for reporting ICC besides deriving the pooled ICC and pooled mean differences of intervention outcomes. Methods: Thirty-four articles on CRTs in major depression were identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, and Embase, and relevant data were extracted. Only 20 studies were eligible for meta-analysis of intervention, among which 8 reported ICC. We used DerSimonian and Laird’s inverse variance method to calculate the pooled estimates. Results: Only eight (40%) of the CRTs reported using ICC both for designing the study and examining intervention outcomes. The pooled ICC was 0.07 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.05, 0.09) with a low heterogeneity (I2 = 28%). Among the 20 studies, 65% used different psychosocial methods alone as intervention, with substantial heterogeneity. The pooled standardized mean difference of depression scores (–0.46; 95% CI: –0.79, –0.13) indicated the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions irrespective of combined pharmacotherapy (z = 2.71, p value = 0.01). Further, a subgroup analysis of intervention effects revealed that the results were significant only for the CRTs with ICC conformity. Conclusions: The ICCs can affect the intervention outcomes. Therefore, as indicated by this meta-analysis, CRTs must adhere to the CONSORT guidelines on reporting ICC. Future CRTs on major depression can utilize the pooled ICC estimate from this study, especially for sample size estimations.
Unlocking Liquidity: The Role of Market Makers in Kuwait’s Emerging Market
Authors: Alsabah Khaled , Althaqeb Saud Asaad 
Published: December 2024

This study uses a difference-in-differences approach to examine the influence of market-maker agreements on liquidity alterations in Boursa Kuwait. Our research indicates that signing a market-maker agreement augments the number of executed trades, turnover, and trading volume while decreasing instances of zero trades, bid–ask spread, and Amihud Illiquidity within the first week. Interestingly, these agreements do not affect stock return volatility.  Our study extends the knowledge about the role of market makers in emerging markets. JEL Codes: G10, G18, O53
Utilization and perceived usefulness of monitoring technology for family caregivers of people living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Smith Matthew Lee , Wilson Ashley D , Knebl Janice , Hilsabeck Robin C , Reuter Kristen , Aguirre Alyssa , Harty Barbara , Kew Chung Lin , Lee Shinduk , Ory Marcia G 
Published: December 2024

Background Caregivers of people living with dementia (PLWD) often experience burden based on their care recipients’ symptoms of wandering, disorientation, and agitation. Objective To examine the utilization and perceived value of technology-based solutions for caregiving among caregivers of PLWD. Methods In collaboration with three Texas sites, PLWD and family caregiver dyads were recruited from clinical and community sites to assess the feasibility of a caregiving technology. PLWDs were asked to wear a GPS-based wearable device, which was paired with caregivers’ smartphone application, that enabled location monitoring and was equipped with call functions. After three months, researchers called caregivers to ask about their utilization of the “system” (i.e., wearable paired with smartphone application) and the perceived value of this technology. Forty-one caregivers completed follow-up telephone interviews. Results About 70% of caregivers reported their care recipient wore the wearable device daily, and 39.1% used the smartphone application daily. Approximately 31% of caregivers reported daily use of the tracking feature, 30.8% reported daily use of the “safe zone” feature (i.e., geo-fencing), and 17.1% reported daily use of the two-way calling feature. About 39% of caregivers were extremely satisfied with the “system,” 43.6% found it extremely easy to use, and 46.2% found it extremely useful for caregiving. On average, caregivers with higher baseline Zarit Burden Interview scores found the “system” to be more useful with their caregiving (f = 5.97, p = 0.006) and were more satisfied with the “system” (f = 3.75, p = 0.034). Conclusions Findings suggest caregiver burden may drive the perceived usefulness of, and satisfaction with, technology-based solutions.
Is Artificial Intelligence the Future of Radiology? Accuracy of ChatGPT in Radiologic Diagnosis of Upper Extremity Bony Pathology
Authors: Hiredesai Annika N. , Martinez Casey J. , Anderson Megan L. , Howlett Carina P. , Unadkat Krishna D. , Noland Shelley S. 
Published: December 2024

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool to aid in diagnostic accuracy and patient communication. Prior literature has shown that ChatGPT answers medical questions and can accurately diagnose surgical conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of ChatGPT 4.0 in evaluating radiologic imaging of common orthopedic upper extremity bony pathologies, including identifying the imaging modality and diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Diagnostic imaging was sourced from an open-source radiology database for 6 common upper extremity bony pathologies: distal radius fracture (DRF), metacarpal fracture (MFX), carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC), humerus fracture (HFX), scaphoid fracture (SFX), and scaphoid nonunion (SN). X-ray, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities were included. Fifty images were randomly selected from each pathology where possible. Images were uploaded to ChatGPT 4.0 and queried for imaging modality, laterality, and diagnosis. Each image query was completed in a new ChatGPT search tab. Multinomial linear regression was used to identify variations in ChatGPT’s diagnostic accuracy across imaging modalities and medical conditions. Results: Overall, ChatGPT provided a diagnosis for 52% of images, with accuracy ranging from 0% to 55%. Diagnostic accuracy was significantly lower for SFX and MFX relative to HFX. ChatGPT was significantly less likely to provide a diagnosis for MRI relative to CT. Diagnostic accuracy ranged from 0% to 40% with regard to imaging modality (x-ray, CT, MRI) though this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: ChatGPT’s accuracy varied significantly between conditions and imaging modalities, though its iterative learning capabilities suggest potential for future diagnostic utility within hand surgery.