bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Oscar William 
Published: April 2018

International Journal of Contemporary Education (IJCE) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJCE publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 1, Number 1 Alexandra Ingram, University of Tennessee, USAArvind Sharma, Dr. Shakuntala Misra National Rehabilitation University, IndiaBruna Gabriela Augusto Marçal Vieira, Universidade Estadual Paulista, BrazilCarme Pinya, University of Balearic Islands, SpainCristina Simões, Portuguese Catholic University, PortugalFederica Cornali, University of Turin, ItalyFroilan Delute Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesGiuseppe Maugeri, Ca' Foscari University, ItalyIonel Bondoc, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, RomaniaIosif Fragkoulis, Hellenic Open University, GreeceJavier Fombona, Univ. Oviedo, SpainMakrina Nina Zafiri, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GreeceNesrin Ozturk, Ege University, TurkeyNilgün Tosun, Trakya University, TurkeySaid K. Juma, The State University of Zanzibar, FinlandSandro Sehic, Oneida BOCES, USAVassiliki Pliogou, Metropolitan College of Thessaloniki, Greece William OscarEditorial AssistantInternational Journal of Contemporary Education---------------------------------------------------------Redfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USATel: 1-503-828-0536 ext. 509Fax: 1-503-828-0537E-mail: ijce@redfame.comURL: http://ijce.redfame.com
Pulmonary Surfactant Promotes Virulence Gene Expression and Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Willsey Graham G. , Ventrone Sebastian , Schutz Kristin C. , Wallace Aaron M. , Ribis John W. , Suratt Benjamin T. , Wargo Matthew J. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

The interactions between
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and the host environment at the site of infection are largely unknown. Pulmonary surfactant serves as an initial point of contact for inhaled bacteria entering the lung and is thought to contain molecular cues that aid colonization and pathogenesis. To gain insight into this ecological transition, we characterized the transcriptional response of
K. pneumoniae
MGH 78578 to purified pulmonary surfactant. This work revealed changes within the
K. pneumoniae
transcriptome that likely contribute to host colonization, adaptation, and virulence
in vivo
. Notable transcripts expressed under these conditions include genes involved in capsule synthesis, lipopolysaccharide modification, antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and metabolism. In addition, we tested the contributions of other surfactant-induced transcripts to
K. pneumoniae
survival using engineered isogenic KPPR1 deletion strains in a murine model of acute pneumonia. In these infection studies, we identified the MdtJI polyamine efflux pump and the ProU glycine betaine ABC transporter to be significant mediators of
K. pneumoniae
survival within the lung and confirmed previous evidence for the importance of
de novo
leucine synthesis to bacterial survival during infection. Finally, we determined that pulmonary surfactant promoted type 3 fimbria-mediated biofilm formation in
K. pneumoniae
and identified two surfactant constituents, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, that drive this response. This study provides novel insight into the interactions occurring between
K. pneumoniae
and the host at an important infection site and demonstrates the utility of purified lung surfactant preparations for dissecting host-lung pathogen interactions
in vitro
.
Hospitalisation cost analysis on hip fracture in China: a multicentre study among 73 tertiary hospitals
Authors: Wang Yilin , Cui Haoran , Zhang Dianying , Zhang Peixun 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo describe and analyse the hospitalisation cost of patients with hip fracture under the influence of various factors and to provide references for Chinese national medical insurance policy.Materials and methodsAll data were collected from the Chinese National Medical Data Centre database, which contained the hospitalisation data of 73 tertiary hospitals from 24 provinces. The included patients were first hospitalised with the main diagnosis of femoral neck or intertrochanteric fracture, and were discharged between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015. Secondary hospitalisation, multiple trauma or pathologic fracture (except for osteoporotic fracture) patients or patients with missing data were excluded. The impact of various factors on the cost was investigated using analysis of variance and multivariable linear regression analysis. The Gross Domestic Product per capita and average annual disposable income were obtained from the website of the National Bureau of Statistics.Results27 205 cases were included in the study. The mean cost of all patients was ¥53 440. 60–69 years age group had a significantly higher cost compared with 80 years and above age group. The mean cost of femoral neck fractures was lower than that of the patients with intertrochanteric fractures; the mean cost of hip replacement was higher than that of internal fixation, which showed a strong effect of the surgical approach to the cost. Patients in low-income provinces spent less than those in high-income provinces, while the gap between high-income and middle-income provinces were relatively small.ConclusionThe hospitalisation cost of hip fracture has become a great burden to the patients’ families. The Chinese medical insurance policy may need further consideration of the demographic and economic factors.
Evaluation of plasma microRNA-122, high-mobility group box 1 and keratin-18 concentrations to stratify acute gallstone disease: a pilot observational cohort study in an emergency general surgery unit
Authors: Th’ng Francesca , Vliegenthart Bastiaan , Lea Jonathan D , Antoine Daniel J , Dear James W , Mole Damian J 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo obtain pilot data to evaluate the discriminatory power of biomarkers microRNA-122 (miR-122), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), full-length keratin-18 (flk-18) and caspase-cleaved keratin-18 (cck-18) in plasma to identify potential biliary complications that may require acute intervention.DesignAn observational biomarker cohort pilot study.SettingIn a Scottish University teaching hospital for 12 months beginning on 3 September 2014.ParticipantsBlood samples were collected from adults (≥16 years old) referred with acute biliary-type symptoms who have presented to hospital within 24 hours prior were recruited. Patients unable or refused to give informed consent or were transferred from a hospital outside the National Health Service regional trust were excluded.Primary outcome measuresTo evaluate whether circulating miR-122, HMGB1, flk-18 and cck-18 can discriminate between people with and without gallstone disease and uncomplicated from complicated gallstone disease during the first 24 hours of hospital admission.Results300 patients were screened of which 285 patients were included. Plasma miR-122, cck-18 and flk-18 concentrations were increased in patients with gallstones compared with those without (miR-122: median: 2.89×104 copies/mL vs 0.90×104 copies/mL (p<0.001); cck-18: 121.2 U/L vs 103.5 U/L (p=0.031); flk-18: 252.4 U/L vs 145.1 U/L (p<0.001)). Uncomplicated gallstone disease was associated with higher miR-122 and cck-18 concentrations than complicated disease (miR-122: 5.72×104 copies/mL vs 2.26×104 copies/mL (p=0.023); cck-18: 139.7 U/L vs 113.6 U/L (p=0.047)). There was no significant difference in HMGB1 concentration between patients with and without gallstones (p=0.559). Separation between groups for all biomarkers was modest.ConclusionmiR-122 and keratin-18 plasma concentrations are elevated in patients with gallstones. However, this result is confounded by the association between biomarker concentrations, age and gender. In this pilot study, miR-122 and keratin-18 were not sufficiently discriminatory to be progressed as clinically useful biomarkers in this context.
Symptoms-modifying effects of electromotive administration of glucosamine sulphate among patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Onigbinde Ayodele Teslim , Owolabi Adegbenga Rotimi , Lasisi Kamil , Sarah Oghenekewe Isaac , Ibikunle Adeoye Folorunsho 
Published: April 2018

Background: Most trials on symptom-modifying effects of glucosamine are limited to administration through oral route with dearth of empirical data on the use of electromotive force. Objective: The study determined the effects of glucosamine sulphate (GS) iontophoresis (IoT) on radiographic parameters of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Fifty-three patients were randomly assigned to three groups. About 1[Formula: see text]g each of GS was administered using IoT and cross-friction massage (CFM) for participants in groups 1 (IoT) and 2 (CFM), respectively. Group 3 ((Combined therapy) CoT) received 1[Formula: see text]g of GS using both IoT and CFM. Interventions were twice a week for 12 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data ([Formula: see text]). Results: After 12 weeks, the medial joint space width (JSW) of the CFM group was significantly higher than that of IoT and CoT groups ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Lateral JSW of IoT group was significantly higher than both CFM ([Formula: see text]) and CoT groups ([Formula: see text]). There were significant decreases in pain intensities; increase in knee flexion and physical functions across the groups ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text], respectively). Conclusion: It was concluded that there were significant decreases in the degenerative changes at the knee joint.
Geology and geomorphology of alluvial and fluvial fans: current progress and research perspectives
Authors: Ventra Dario , Clarke Lucy E. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Alluvial and fluvial fans are the most widespread depositional landforms bordering the margins of long-lived highland regions and actively subsiding continental basins, across a broad spectrum of tectonic and climatic settings. Their significance is relevant not only to the local morphodynamics of mountain regions and proximal basinal sectors, but also to the long-term evolution of sediment-routing systems, affecting the propagation of stratigraphic signals of environmental change and the preservation potential of stratal successions over much larger spatial scales than those they occupy. Subaerial fan systems archive information on the palaeoclimate, local tectonic history and landscape response to various allogenic factors, although our ability to decipher such information is still limited. Early recognition of alluvial fans dates from the late nineteenth century, but a coordinated research community on these systems has been active only over the last few decades and the full relevance of fluvial fan systems to the geomorphology of present day continental basins and to the interpretation of ancient stratigraphic successions has been convincingly demonstrated only over the last decade. This introductory chapter summarizes advances in our knowledge of alluvial and fluvial fans, identifies potential new lines of future inquiry, and presents the contributions to this volume in the context of the current state of research.
Slope failures along the deformation front of the Cascadia margin: linking slide morphology to subduction zone parameters
Authors: Riedel Michael , Côté Michelle M. , Urlaub Morelia , Geersen Jacob , Scholz Nastasja A. , Naegeli Kathrin , Spence George D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Marine acoustic data are used to map and characterize submarine slope failure along the accretionary prism of Cascadia. Two main styles of slope failure are identified: (1) failures with curved head scarps, which are predominantly associated with incoherent debris-flow deposits; and (2) failures with rectangular head scarps, which are predominantly associated with intact sediment blocks. Rectangular head scarps mostly occur on thrust ridges with slope angles <16° and ridge heights <650 m, whereas curved head scarps occur predominantly on steeper and higher ridges. Off Vancouver Island, failure style and head-scarp geometry also change with ridge azimuth. We propose that the curved head scarps and debris flows may be a result of higher kinetic forcing of the downsliding sediments and a higher degree of mixing. At the more gently sloped, less elevated ridges, the kinetic forcing may be smaller, which leads to intact failure masses. Extensional faults at ridges with curved scarps may result from oversteepening and collapse of the sediments that cannot withstand their own weight due to limited internal shear strength. The slide geometries and potential controls on failure style may inform subsequent studies in assessing the risks for tsunami generation from submarine slope failures along the Cascadia margin.
Extending the terrestrial depositional record of marine geohazards in coastal NW British Columbia
Authors: Huntley David , Bobrowsky Peter , Goff James , Chagué Catherine , Stead Douglas , Donati Davide , Mariampillai Danial 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Recurrent storms, floods, landslides, earthquakes and tsunamis challenge the development of resilient infrastructure and communities in coastal northwestern British Columbia. Vulnerability assessment first requires extended and improved understanding of geohazards in the Pacific Basin to constrain modelling of future events. An investigation of soils and bedrock structures in the Douglas Channel provides insight into the distribution of deposits attributed to geohazards in the region. Newly discovered marine inundation deposits corroborate numerical models and suggest that Pacific-sourced storms and earthquake-triggered tsunamis expend much of their energy in the outer coast and rarely reach far up the mainland fjords. Small-volume Folisolic slides and rockfalls do not generate tsunamis of any consequence. In contrast, marine sediments deposited beyond storm berms at the fjord head are a record of local tsunamis generated by large-volume marine slumps. Deep-fractured bedrock mapped upslope from relict submarine features would trigger damaging tsunami waves if rapid failure into the fjord were to occur. The observations above suggest only great earthquakes, large landslides and seasonal storms above a certain threshold volume and impulse energy produce geomorphically significant inundation events. However, even small submarine landslides have tsunamigenic potential in Douglas Channel since they occur in shallow water.
Mechanisms underlying the increased cardiac norepinephrine spillover in heart failure
Authors: Ramchandra Rohit , Hood Sally G. , Xing Daniel , Lambert Gavin W. , May Clive N. 
Published: April 2018

Patients with heart failure (HF) have increased levels of cardiac norepinephrine (NE) spillover, which is an independent predictor of mortality. We hypothesized that this increase in NE spillover in HF depends not only on increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) but also on changes in the mechanisms controlling NE release and reuptake. Such changes would lead to differences between the increases in directly recorded SNA and NE spillover to the heart in HF. Experiments were conducted in conscious sheep implanted with electrodes to record cardiac SNA (CSNA). In addition, arterial pressure and cardiac NE spillover were determined. In HF, the levels of both CSNA (102 ± 8 vs. 45 ± 8 bursts/min, P < 0.05) and cardiac NE spillover (21.6 ± 3.8 vs. 3.9 ± 0.8 pmol/min, P < 0.05) were significantly higher than in normal control animals. In HF, baroreflex control of cardiac NE spillover was impaired, and when CSNA was abolished by increasing arterial pressure, there was no reduction in cardiac NE spillover. A decrease in cardiac filling pressures in the HF group led to a significant increase in CSNA, but it significantly decreased cardiac NE spillover. In HF, the levels of cardiac NE spillover were enhanced above those expected from the high level of SNA, suggesting that changes in mechanisms controlling NE release and reuptake further increase the high level of NE at the heart, which will act to enhance the deleterious effects of increased CSNA in HF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study, to our knowledge, to compare direct recordings of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity with simultaneously measured cardiac norepinephrine (NE) spillover. Our results indicate that in heart failure, increased cardiac sympathetic nerve activity is a major contributor to the increased NE spillover. In addition, there is enhanced NE spillover for the levels of synaptic nerve activity.
From MGUS to Multiple Myeloma, a Paradigm for Clonal Evolution of Premalignant Cells
Authors: van Nieuwenhuijzen Niels , Spaan Ingrid , Raymakers Reinier , Peperzak Victor 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a treatable, but incurable, malignancy of plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM). It represents the final stage in a continuum of PC dyscrasias and is consistently preceded by a premalignant phase termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). The existence of this well-defined premalignant phase provides the opportunity to study clonal evolution of a premalignant condition into overt cancer. Unraveling the mechanisms of malignant transformation of PC could enable early identification of MGUS patients at high risk of progression and may point to novel therapeutic targets, thereby possibly delaying or preventing malignant transformation. The MGUS-to-MM progression requires multiple genomic events and the establishment of a permissive BM microenvironment, although it is generally not clear if the various microenvironmental events are causes or consequences of disease progression. Advances in gene-sequencing techniques and the use of serial paired analyses have allowed for a more specific identification of driver lesions. The challenge in cancer biology is to identify and target those lesions that confer selective advantage and thereby drive evolution of a premalignant clone. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of malignant transformation of MGUS to MM. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2449–56. ©2018 AACR.
Sialic Acid Blockade Suppresses Tumor Growth by Enhancing T-cell–Mediated Tumor Immunity
Authors: Büll Christian , Boltje Thomas J. , Balneger Natasja , Weischer Sarah M. , Wassink Melissa , van Gemst Jasper J. , Bloemendal Victor R. , Boon Louis , van der Vlag Johan , Heise Torben , den Brok Martijn H. , Adema Gosse J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Sialic acid sugars on the surface of cancer cells have emerged as potent immune modulators that contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and tumor immune evasion. However, the mechanisms by which these sugars modulate antitumor immunity as well as therapeutic strategies directed against them are limited. Here we report that intratumoral injections with a sialic acid mimetic Ac53FaxNeu5Ac block tumor sialic acid expression in vivo and suppress tumor growth in multiple tumor models. Sialic acid blockade had a major impact on the immune cell composition of the tumor, enhancing tumor-infiltrating natural killer cell and CD8+ T-cell numbers while reducing regulatory T-cell and myeloid regulatory cell numbers. Sialic acid blockade enhanced cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell–mediated killing of tumor cells in part by facilitating antigen-specific T-cell–tumor cell clustering. Sialic acid blockade also synergized with adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo and enhanced CpG immune adjuvant therapy by increasing dendritic cell activation and subsequent CD8+ T-cell responses. Collectively, these data emphasize the crucial role of sialic acids in tumor immune evasion and provide proof of concept that sialic acid blockade creates an immune-permissive tumor microenvironment for CD8+ T-cell–mediated tumor immunity, either as single treatment or in combination with other immune-based intervention strategies.
Significance: Sialic acid sugars function as important modulators of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that limit potent antitumor immunity.
Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/13/3574/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3574–88. ©2018 AACR.
A Rationally Designed Fully Human EGFRvIII:CD3-Targeted Bispecific Antibody Redirects Human T Cells to Treat Patient-derived Intracerebral Malignant Glioma
Authors: Gedeon Patrick C. , Schaller Teilo H. , Chitneni Satish K. , Choi Bryan D. , Kuan Chien-Tsun , Suryadevara Carter M. , Snyder David J. , Schmittling Robert J. , Szafranski Scott E. , Cui Xiuyu , Healy Patrick N. , Herndon James E. , McLendon Roger E. , Keir Stephen T. , Archer Gary E. , Reap Elizabeth A. , Sanchez-Perez Luis , Bigner Darell D. , Sampson John H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurpose: Conventional therapy for malignant glioma fails to specifically target tumor cells. In contrast, substantial evidence indicates that if appropriately redirected, T cells can precisely eradicate tumors. Here we report the rational development of a fully human bispecific antibody (hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv) that redirects human T cells to lyse malignant glioma expressing a tumor-specific mutation of the EGFR (EGFRvIII).Experimental Design: We generated a panel of bispecific single-chain variable fragments and optimized design through successive rounds of screening and refinement. We tested the ability of our lead construct to redirect naïve T cells and induce target cell–specific lysis. To test for efficacy, we evaluated tumor growth and survival in xenogeneic and syngeneic models of glioma. Tumor penetrance following intravenous drug administration was assessed in highly invasive, orthotopic glioma models.Results: A highly expressed bispecific antibody with specificity to CD3 and EGFRvIII was generated (hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv). Antibody-induced T-cell activation, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and proliferation was robust and occurred exclusively in the presence of target antigen. hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv was potent and target-specific, mediating significant lysis of multiple malignant glioma cell lines and patient-derived malignant glioma samples that heterogeneously express EGFRvIII. In both subcutaneous and orthotopic models, well-engrafted, patient-derived malignant glioma was effectively treated despite heterogeneity of EGFRvIII expression; intravenous hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv administration caused significant regression of tumor burden (P &lt; 0.0001) and significantly extended survival (P &lt; 0.0001). Similar efficacy was obtained in highly infiltrative, syngeneic glioma models, and intravenously administered hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv localized to these orthotopic tumors.Conclusions: We have developed a clinically translatable bispecific antibody that redirects human T cells to safely and effectively treat malignant glioma. On the basis of these results, we have developed a clinical study of hEGFRvIII-CD3 bi-scFv for patients with EGFRvIII-positive malignant glioma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3611–31. ©2018 AACR.