bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on Squaric Acid in Superacidic Media
Authors: Schickinger Manuel , Cibu Denise , Zischka Florian , Stierstorfer Karin , Jessen Christoph , Kornath Andreas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe syntheses of [OC(COX)3][MF6] and [(COX)4][MF6]2⋅2 HF were carried out in superacidic media XF/MF5 (M=As, Sb; X=H, D). The degree of protonation is highly dependent on the stoichiometric ratio of the Lewis acid with regard to squaric acid. The salts of diprotonated squaric acid were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and, in the case of [(COH)4][MF6]2⋅2 HF (M=As, Sb), by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analyses. [(COH)4][AsF6] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with two formula units per unit cell. Analysis of the vibrational spectra was achieved with the support of quantum chemical calculations of the cation [(COH)4]2+⋅4 HF on the PBE1PBE/6‐311G++(3df,3pd) level of theory. Furthermore, a salt of monoprotonated squaric acid, [OC(COH)3][AsF6], was characterized by a single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with four formula units per unit cell. The protonation of squaric acid leads to a change of the carbon skeleton, which is discussed for the entire series, starting with the dianion of squaric acid and ending with the tetrahydroxy dication.
Inside Back Cover: Photochemical and Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Utilization with Organic Compounds (Chin. J. Chem. 7/2018)
Authors: Cao Yu , He Xing , Wang Ning , Li Hong‐Ru , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: June 2018

Inside Back Cover picture shows The carps trying hard to make a successful jump over the Dragon Gate will change into fish‐dragons, which is a legend handed down in China over generations. The back cover picture shows photochemical and electrochemical CO2 transformations with organic compounds through the utilization of solar energy or electric energy, producing a series of valuable products, including carboxylic acids and hetero‐cyclic compounds. The combined utilization of both clean energy and CO2 has attracted increasing attention in sustainable development of renewable energy and green chemistry. Recent advances are summarized by He et al. on page 644–659.
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Steady‐state free precession signals of arbitrary dephasing order and their sensitivity to T2∗
Authors: Leupold Jochen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA simple approach how to calculate analytical expressions for unbalanced steady‐state free precession (ubSSFP) signals of arbitrary dephasing order is presented. Dephasing order is the number of effective gradient dephasing cycles that magnetization immediately after an RF‐pulse has experienced during the ubSSFP sequence. Based on the obtained equations, which are in accordance with existing literature, the sensitivity of ubSSFP signals to T2∗ is derived under the assumption of a Lorentzian frequency distribution resulting from static field inhomogeneities. Further, the phases of all ubSSFP signals are calculated and a general expression of how to use them for B0‐fieldmapping is given. The derivation is supported by the extended phase graph (EPG) model, and as such the work also acts as a comprehensive introduction to the formal description of SSFP. In addition, the balanced SSFP (bSSFP) sequence is explored. The connection of bSSFP to ubSSFP is shown, and potential T2∗‐sensitivity of bSSFP is examined based on numerical simulations. It is shown that ubSSFP signals with negative dephasing order have a refocusing character and behave similar to spin‐echo signals. Conversely, ubSSFP signals with zero or positive dephasing order can be regarded as T2∗‐weighted. The behavior of bSSFP depends largely on the exact distribution of frequencies. For instance, for a narrow spherical distribution, bSSFP acts like a spin‐echo sequence, while for a Lorentzian distribution a refocusing behavior does not occur.
The effect of motorboat sound on Australian snapper Pagrus auratus inside and outside a marine reserve
Authors: Mensinger Allen F. , Putland Rosalyn L. , Radford Craig A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHuman‐generated sound affects hearing, movement, and communication in both aquatic and terrestrial animals, but direct natural underwater behavioral observations are lacking. Baited underwater video (BUV) were deployed in near shore waters adjacent to Goat Island in the Cape Rodney–Okakari Point Marine Reserve (protected) or outside the reserve approximately four km south in Mathesons Bay (open), New Zealand to determine the natural behavior of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus exposed to motorboat sound. BUVs worked effectively at bringing fish into video range to assess the effects of sound. The snapper inhabiting the protected area showed no behavioral response to motorboat transits; however, fish in the open zones either scattered from the video frame or decreased feeding activity during boat presence. Our study suggests that motorboat sound, a common source of anthropogenic activity in the marine environment can affect fish behavior differently depending on the status of their habitat (protected versus open).
Robust control design for air breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell system via variable gain second‐order sliding mode
Authors: Mirrashid Naghmeh , Rakhtala Seyed Mehdi , Ghanbari Mahmood 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe nonlinear and time‐dependent characteristic and unknown modeling uncertainty of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) such as complex electro‐chemical, thermal, and fluid mechanic phenomena make its controller design quite challenging. In this paper, a controller based on a super twisting algorithm (STA) with variable gains is proposed to control the air breathing system of PEMFC. The strategy includes regulating the oxygen excess ratio () for preventing the stack oxygen starvation and maintaining optimum net power output in spite of external disturbances and model uncertainties. The proposed algorithm has the main advantages of the fixed gain STA, such as robustness against the disturbance and parametric uncertainties with the unknown boundary, chattering reduction, and finite time convergence. The Lyapunov analysis was proposed to assess the stability of the Variable Gain Super Twisting Algorithm (VGSTA). The results verified the effectiveness of the proposed controller with attaining robust regulation against uncertainties, disturbances, and noisy circumstance compared to fixed gain SOSM controllers.
The changes in chemical composition of Holothuria tubulosa (Gmelin, 1788) with ambient‐drying and oven‐drying methods
Authors: Bilgin Şengül , Öztürk Tanrikulu Hatice 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, the nutritional properties of fresh (F), boiled (B), ambient‐dried (Holothuria tubulosa) (DA, 23 ± 2°C) and oven‐dried sea cucumber (DO, 45 ± 1°C) were compared in terms of proximate composition and fatty acid profiles. The results of the proximate analyses showed that the highest moisture content (86.76%) was determined in fresh samples, whereas the lowest moisture content (9.35%) was obtained in the oven‐dried group (DO). The crude fat and protein contents were in the range of 0.19% (B) to 0.87% (DA) and 12.30% (F) to 62.13% (DA), respectively. The highest ash content (30.30%) was obtained in group DO, while the lowest ash content (0.61%) was observed in the boiled samples (B). According to fatty acid analyses, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two drying methods. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (21.405%) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (36.018%) contents of H. tubulosa were high. Holothuria tubulosa can be used as protein and PUFA sources. Comparing the two methods, oven‐drying is better in terms of preservation, whereas drying at the ambient temperature is better in terms of nutrient value.
Parametric models for biomarkers based on flexible size distributions
Authors: Davillas Apostolos , Jones Andrew M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRecent advances in social science surveys include collection of biological samples. Although biomarkers offer a large potential for social science and economic research, they impose a number of statistical challenges, often being distributed asymmetrically with heavy tails. Using data from the UK Household Panel Survey, we illustrate the comparative performance of a set of flexible parametric distributions, which allow for a wide range of skewness and kurtosis: the four‐parameter generalized beta of the second kind (GB2), the three‐parameter generalized gamma, and their three‐, two‐, or one‐parameter nested and limiting cases. Commonly used blood‐based biomarkers for inflammation, diabetes, cholesterol, and stress‐related hormones are modelled. Although some of the three‐parameter distributions nested within the GB2 outperform the latter for most of the biomarkers considered, the GB2 can be used as a guide for choosing among competing parametric distributions for biomarkers. Going “beyond the mean” to estimate tail probabilities, we find that GB2 performs fairly well with some disparities at the very high levels of glycated hemoglobin and fibrinogen. Commonly used linear models are shown to perform worse than almost all the flexible distributions.
The practice of universal screening for Lynch syndrome in newly diagnosed endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Wang Aifen , McCracken Jenna , Li Yanjing , Xu Lingfan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundLynch syndrome (LS) accounts for 5% of all endometrial cancer (EC) cases and 4% of all lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer. While current guidelines recommend LS screening for all patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer, there is no such guideline for screening patients with EC.DiscussionThis review addresses LS screening and discusses algorithms for testing patients in the setting of newly diagnosed EC.ConclusionThe successful diagnosis of LS has important implications, including prevention of LS‐associated cancers among relatives and immunotherapy recommendations for patients with advanced EC and loss of expression of mismatch repair immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability positive following failure of traditional treatment.
Citicoline (CDP‐choline) add‐on therapy to risperidone for treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia: A double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Ghajar Alireza , Gholamian Faezeh , Tabatabei‐Motlagh Maryam , Afarideh Mohsen , Rezaei Farzin , Ghazizadeh‐Hashemi Maryam , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of citicoline add‐on therapy in treatment of negative symptoms in patients with stable schizophrenia.MethodsIn a double‐blind and placebo‐controlled study, patients with stable schizophrenia (DSM‐5) were randomized to receive either 2,500 mg/day citicoline or placebo in addition to risperidone for 8 weeks. The patients were assessed using the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), the extrapyramidal symptom rating scale (ESRS), and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS). The primary outcome was the difference in PANSS negative subscale score reduction from baseline to week 8 between the citicoline and the placebo groups.ResultsSixty‐six individuals (out of 73 enrolled) completed the trial. The citicoline group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in negative scores, F(1.840, 118.360) = 8.383, p = .001, as well as general psychopathology, F(1.219, 78.012) = 6.636, p = .008; change in general psychopathology did not remain significant after adjustment, and total PANSS scores, F(1.633, 104.487) = 15.400, p < .001, compared with the placebo. HDRS scores and its changes, ESRS score, and frequency of other side effects were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsCiticoline add‐on therapy to risperidone can effectively improve the primary negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia.
Characterization of CSF2A fusion gene and its effect on Epstein–Barr virus–positive tumor cells
Authors: Sun Yanqin , Long Jiali , Yin Yuting , Li Hongmei , Jiang Enping , Zeng Chao , Zhu Wei 
Published: June 2018

We build the latent membrane protein gene latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) and the granulocyte‐macrophase colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) gene fusion gene (CSF2A) and discuss how the CSF2A fusion protein influenced the proliferation and apoptosis of Epstein–Barr virus–positive (EBV+) tumor cells. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method was used to amplify the LMP2A gene and GM‐CSF gene fragments, respectively, according to the principle of overlap extension in the coding (Gly4Ser)3 polypeptide gene fragments of DNA restructured under the connection. The CSF2A gene could be connected with the pIRES2‐enhanced green fluorescent protein vector by recombinant DNA technology and identified by enzyme electrophoresis analysis and DNA sequencing. Then, the recombinant vector was transfected into dendritic cells (DCs); RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis were used for testing the CSF2A gene messenger RNA and protein expression. The impacts of CSF2A on the proliferation and apoptosis of EBV+ tumor cells were determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and Hochest 33342 staining. We successfully obtained the recombinant vector named pIRES2‐CSF2A. The expression of CSF2A could be detected by transfecting pIRES2‐CSF2A into DCs. The DCs were cocultured with T lymphocytes and then acted on the EBV+ CNE2 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. MTT assay showed that the inhibiting effect of CSF2A obviously increased and the time dependency (**P < 0.01, *P < 0.05) also existed. Hochest 33342 staining showed apoptosis morphological changes of cells in nucleus staining and generated the apoptotic body. Apoptosis cells of the pIRES2‐CSF2A group increased significantly at 48 hours. The results showed that the pIRES2‐CSF2A recombinant vector was effectively transfected into DCs and the fusion gene CSF2A could promote EBV+ CNE2 cell apoptosis, laying the foundation for the specificity of EBV+ tumor targeting immune gene therapy in the future.
PSO‐IZRP: New enhanced zone routing protocol based on PSO independent zone radius estimation
Authors: Harrag Nassir , Refoufi Allaoua , Harrag Abdelghani 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn recent years, a variety of new routing protocols for MANETs have been developed. Zone routing protocol is one of them, which is a hybrid routing protocol that combines the best futures of proactive and reactive approaches. The proactive part of the protocol maintains routing information for a local neighborhood, known as routing zone, while the reactive part acquire routes to destinations beyond this routing zone. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for zone radius determination based on particles swarm optimization. The use of PSO allows ZRP protocol to dynamically adjust itself to the environments conditions by sizing each node's routing zone. The proposed algorithm as well as the new ZRP protocol are implemented under NS‐2 simulator and tested using different scenario simulating protocol environment changes. Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm to reduce the control traffic overhead and the average end‐2‐end delay and to increase the packet delivery ratio resulting to an improvement of the network quality of service. Besides the use of particle swarm optimization to tune the zone routing protocol radius, the contribution consists of enhancing the performance of the zone routing protocol to improve the network quality of service with low control traffic overhead, low end‐to‐end delay, and high packet delivery ratio.
A novel low leakage saddle junctionless FET with assistant gate
Authors: Jin Xiaoshi , Gao Yunxiang , Yang Guangrui , Xia Zhengliang , Liu Xi , Lee Jong‐Ho 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a novel low leakage saddle junctionless field effect transistor with assistant gate is proposed. Its electrical properties have been extensively investigated by studying the influence resulting from variation of design parameters, such as the thickness of assistant gate, oxide layer thickness between the main and assistant gate, extension height of S/D contact, and the voltage of assistant gate. Compared with conventional structure, the proposed saddle junctionless field effect transistor with assistant gate shows much better performance at off state. The leakage current is effectively restrained, and the Ion‐Ioff ratio is largely improved. Design parameter optimization has also been performed.
Integrated modeling to estimate population size and composition of mule deer
Authors: Furnas Brett J. , Landers Russ H. , Hill Scott , Itoga Stuart S. , Sacks Benjamin N. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTEstimating population size, age composition, and sex ratio of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is important to conservation and managed hunting of this species in the western United States. Increasingly, wildlife agencies are estimating abundance of deer using fecal DNA (fDNA), especially in forested habitats where aerial surveys are not feasible. These same data can be used to estimate overall sex ratio but require additional data on age structure to quantify adult‐ and fawn‐specific sex ratios, which are expected to differ substantially. We demonstrate an integrated modeling approach to estimating population sizes of adult females, adult males, and fawns from 3 sources of data: fDNA, camera stations, and global positioning system (GPS) telemetry. We conducted the study on an 11,500‐km2forested region in northern California, USA, corresponding to 3 hunt management zones. Within a Bayesian framework, we used spatial capture–recapture (SCR) modeling of fDNA samples and prior information on home range sizes from telemetry to estimate sex‐specific densities, and N‐mixture modeling of camera detections to separate adult and fawn densities. We estimated 29,317 adult females (90% CI = 24,550–34,592), 10,845 adult males (90% CI = 7,778–14,858), and 19,587 fawns (90% CI = 15,340–24,430) within the study area. The inclusion of telemetry increased precision of our results, and cameras provided comparable estimates of density when we calibrated them on the SCR results. Based on these results, we recommend a monitoring program of fDNA transects repeated once every 5 years, camera stations repeated at half of transects every year, and telemetry data from 1 deer for every 2 transects on average. We estimated an average annual cost of $1,316 (U.S.) per transect to sustain this endeavor. The integration of cameras with fDNA to combine age structure data with sex‐specific abundance data represents a novel and significant step forward in the capacity to estimate deer population parameters. © 2018 The Authors.Journal of Wildlife Managementpublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Feasibility and Biocompatibility of 3D‐Printed Photopolymerized and Laser Sintered Polymers for Neuronal, Myogenic, and Hepatic Cell Types
Authors: Rimington Rowan P. , Capel Andrew J. , Player Darren J. , Bibb Richard J. , Christie Steven D. R. , Lewis Mark P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe integration of additive manufacturing (AM) technology within biological systems holds significant potential, specifically when refining the methods utilized for the creation of in vitro models. Therefore, examination of cellular interaction with the physical/physicochemical properties of 3D‐printed polymers is critically important. In this work, skeletal muscle (C2C12), neuronal (SH‐SY5Y) and hepatic (HepG2) cell lines are utilized to ascertain critical evidence of cellular behavior in response to 3D‐printed candidate polymers: Clear‐FL (stereolithography, SL), PA‐12 (laser sintering, LS), and VeroClear (PolyJet). This research outlines initial critical evidence for a framework of polymer/AM process selection when 3D printing biologically receptive scaffolds, derived from industry standard, commercially available AM instrumentation. C2C12, SH‐SY5Y, and HepG2 cells favor LS polymer PA‐12 for applications in which cellular adherence is necessitated. However, cell type specific responses are evident when cultured in the chemical leachate of photopolymers (Clear‐FL and VeroClear). With the increasing prevalence of 3D‐printed biointerfaces, the development of rigorous cell type specific biocompatibility data is imperative. Supplementing the currently limited database of functional 3D‐printed biomaterials affords the opportunity for experiment‐specific AM process and polymer selection, dependent on biological application and intricacy of design features required.
Organocatalytic Approach to Functional Semifluorinated Polymers Driven by Visible Light
Authors: Xu Tianchi , Tu Kai , Cheng Jiannan , Ni Yuanyuan , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThrough the construction of an organic photocatalysis system, photoredox catalyst (PC)/additive, where PC stands for photoredox catalyst, an organocatalyzed step transfer‐addition and radical‐termination (O‐START) polymerization irradiated by blue LED light at room temperature is realized. Different types of α,ω‐diiodoperfluoroalkane A and α,ω‐unconjugated diene B are copolymerized through O‐START efficiently, and generate various kinds of functional semifluorinated polymers, including polyolefins and polyesters. The process is affected by several factors; solvents, additives, and feed ratio of A to B. After optimization of all these components, the polymerization efficiency is greatly improved, generating polymers with both relatively high yield and molecular weight. Considering the mild reaction condition, easy operation process, and free‐of‐metal‐catalyst residues in the polymer product, the organocatalytic polymerization strategy provides a simple and efficient approach to functional semifluorinated polymer materials and hopefully opens up their application in high‐tech fields.
Genome‐wide screening of potential RNase Y‐processed mRNAs in the M49 serotype Streptococcus pyogenes NZ131
Authors: Chen Zhiyun , Raghavan Rahul , Qi Fengxia , Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRNase Y is a major endoribonuclease in Group A streptococcus (GAS) and other Gram‐positive bacteria. Our previous study showed that RNase Y was involved in mRNA degradation and processing in GAS. We hypothesized that mRNA processing regulated the expression of important GAS virulence factors via altering their mRNA stabilities and that RNase Y mediated at least some of the mRNA‐processing events. The aims of this study were to (1) identify mRNAs that were processed by RNase Y and (2) confirm the mRNA‐processing events. The transcriptomes of Streptococcus pyogenes NZ131 wild type and its RNase Y mutant (Δrny) were examined with RNA‐seq. The data were further analyzed to define GAS operons. The mRNA stabilities of the wild type and Δrny at subgene level were determined with tiling array analysis. Operons displaying segmental stability in the wild type but not in the Δrny were predicted to be RNase Y processed. Overall 865 operons were defined and their boundaries predicted. Further analysis narrowed down 15 mRNAs potentially processed by RNase Y. A selection of four candidates including folC1 (folylpolyglutamate synthetase), prtF (fibronectin‐binding protein), speG (streptococcal exotoxin G), ropB (transcriptional regulator of speB), and ypaA (riboflavin transporter) mRNAs was examined with Northern blot analysis. However, only folC1 was confirmed to be processed, but it is unlikely that RNase Y is responsible. We conclude that GAS use RNase Y to selectively process mRNA, but the overall impact is confined to selected virulence factors.