bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Electrochemical Monitoring of Glucose in Rat Brain with Acanthosphere‐like CuOOH Nanospheres‐based Electrochemical Sensor as Non‐enzymatic and O2‐independent Detector
Authors: Li Bo , Fan Yongzhao , Li Changqing , Zhao Xu , Liu Kun , Lin Yuqing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study for the first time establishes a reliable non‐enzymatic online electrochemical system (OECS) for selective and continuous measuring glucose in animal cerebral system. We proposed a one‐step electrochemical method to synthetize a Cu nanostructure directly onto electrode, and over‐oxidize it in NaOH to form acanthosphere‐like CuOOH nanospheres (denoted as AN‐CuOOH), which can serve as an excellent electrochemical catalyst for glucose oxidation and thus for simple and reproducible non‐enzymatic glucose detection in strong alkaline solution. To validate the AN‐CuOOH‐based sensors for in vivo applications, we connect the sensors to a merged solution of in vivo microdialysis and 0.4 M NaOH to set up an OECS for in vivo glucose monitoring in rat brain. The response of this system has strong tolerance to the oxygen and pH fluctuation which may happen in the cerebral brain system during some physiological and pathological processes. The fabricated non‐enzymatic OECS has a good linear current response to glucose within a concentration range from 10 to 1000 μΜ with sensitivity of 130.22 nA ⋅ μΜ−1 cm−2. Additionally, the OECS is stable and does not suffer from the interference coexisting in the cerebral system. With the fabricated non‐enzymatic OECS for glucose measurement, the basal level of glucose in the microdialysate from rats striatum was determined to be 248.63 μΜ (n=3). Furthermore, the glucose was clearly decreased to 26.37 % of the basal level when the rat was undergone by 20 min ischemia, and the glucose concentration was gradually restored to 99.15 % during 40 min of reperfusion. Our work propose a technically simple strategy for the fabrication of a highly reproducible non‐enzymatic OECS system free from oxygen and pH interference, which is promising in exploring the molecular mechanism associated with brain functions.
Effects of osmotic pressure and pH on citric acid and erythritol production from waste cooking oil by Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Lv Jinshun , Xu Jiaxing , Xia Jun , He Aiyong , Zhang Tong , Li Xiangqian , Xu Jiming 
Published: February 2018

AbstractErythritol and citric acid could be produced from waste cooking oil (WCO) by Yarrowia lipolytica under different medium conditions, and osmotic pressure together with pH were considered to be the critical factors in this process. High osmotic pressure (2.76 osmol/L) combined with low pH (pH 3.0) promoted the highest yield of erythritol (21.8 g/L) accompanied by low‐producing citric acid (2.5 g/L). By contrast, the highest citric acid biosynthesis (12.6 g/L) was detected under a pH of 6.0 and an osmotic pressure of 0.75 osmol/L, when only 4.0 g/L of erythritol was yielded. Moreover, lipase activities in these two media were also detected, and pH 3.0–OP 2.76 was supposed to be more beneficial to lipase activity. Biochemical pathways involved in the biosynthesis of erythritol and citric acid were subsequently investigated, and the products yielded from WCO were assumed to be correlated with the activities of transketolase, erythrose reductase, citrate synthase, and glycerol kinase. However, RT‐PCR analysis revealed that mRNA levels of these enzymes did not significantly differ, confirming that metabolic flux regulations of erythritol and citric acid mostly took place at the post‐transcriptional level.
Toxicity of dissolved and precipitated forms of barium to a freshwater alga (Chlorella sp. 12) and water flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia)
Authors: Golding Lisa A. , McKnight Kitty , Binet Monique , Adams Merrin , Apte Simon C. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Barium is present at elevated concentrations in oil and gas produced waters, and there is no international water quality guideline value to assess the potential risk of adverse effects to aquatic biota. Sulfate concentration largely controls the solubility of barium in aquatic systems, with insoluble barium sulfate (barite) assumed to be less bioavailable and less toxic than dissolved barium. We exposed aquatic biota to dissolved barium only and to a mixture of dissolved and precipitated barium. The chronic dissolved barium 48-h growth rate inhibition effect concentrations, (EC10 and EC50) for the tropical freshwater alga Chlorella sp. 12 were 40 mg/L (27–54 mg/L 95% confidence limits [CL]), and 240 mg/L (200–280 mg/L 95% CL), respectively. The acute EC10 and EC50 values for 48-h immobilization of the water flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia) by dissolved barium were 14 mg/L (13–15 mg/L 95% CL) and 17 mg/L (16–18 mg/L 95% CL), respectively. Chlorella sp. 12 was significantly more sensitive to precipitated barium than to dissolved barium, whereas the opposite seemed likely for C. dubia. Ceriodaphnia dubia was predicted to be chronically sensitive to dissolved barium at concentrations measured in produced waters and receiving waters, based on a predicted chronic EC10 of 1.7 mg/L derived from the acute EC50/10. Further chronic toxicity data that account for barium toxicity in dissolved and precipitated forms are required to derive a barium guideline for freshwater biota. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1632–1642. © 2018 SETAC
Abstract
Sulfate controls the bioavailability of dissolved barium by precipitation of barium sulfate. However, barium sulfate precipitate can also be toxic to some aquatic biota and water quality guidelines need to account for dissolved and precipitated barium when assessing ecological impacts of oil and gas produced waters with high barium concentration.
The Quest for Osteoporosis Mechanisms and Rational Therapies: How Far We've Come, How Much Further We Need to Go
Authors: Manolagas Stavros C 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

During the last 40 years, understanding of bone biology and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, the most common and impactful bone disease of old age, has improved dramatically thanks to basic and clinical research advances, genetic insights from humans and rodents, and newer imaging technologies. Culprits of osteoporosis are no longer a matter of speculation based on in vitro observations. Instead, they can be identified and dissected at the cellular and molecular level using genetic approaches; and their effect on distinct bone envelopes and anatomic regions can be functionally assessed in vivo. The landscape of pharmacotherapies for osteoporosis has also changed profoundly with the emergence of several potent antiresorptive drugs as well as anabolic agents, displacing estrogen replacement as the treatment of choice. In spite of these major positive developments, the optimal duration of the available therapies and their long-term safety remain matters of conjecture and some concern. Moreover, antiresorptive therapies are used indiscriminately for patients of all ages on the assumption that suppressing remodeling is always beneficial for bone, but rebound remodeling upon their discontinuation suggests otherwise. In this invited perspective, I highlight the latest state of knowledge of bone-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms responsible for the development of osteoporosis in both sexes; differences between the mechanisms responsible for the effects of aging and estrogen deficiency; and the role of old osteocytes in the development of cortical porosity. In addition, I highlight advances toward the goal of developing drugs for several degenerative diseases of old age at once, including osteoporosis, by targeting shared mechanisms of aging. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Science‐based interviewing: Information elicitation
Authors: Brandon Susan E. , Wells Simon , Seale Colton 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article describes an ethical and effective science‐based model of interviewing. An initial planning phase assists the investigative team in separating facts from inferences, decreases the likelihood of errors based on cognitive biases, and prompts careful preparation of the environment. The interview begins with an explanation of why the subject is being questioned. The interviewer then metaphorically hands the interview over to the subject, making him the talker and the interviewer the listener. The interviewer engages in active listening, soliciting as much information from the subject as possible by deploying tactics that enhance memory based on science, including elements of the cognitive interview. Cues to deception are found in the details of the story, rather than in signs of anxiety or nonverbal behaviours, and by deploying Strategic Use of Evidence. This model has been shown to increase cooperation, decrease resistance, and provoke useful information in real‐world criminal interviews.
Heterochrony in fringeheads (Neoclinus) and amplification of an extraordinary aggressive display in the Sarcastic Fringehead (Teleostei: Blenniiformes)
Authors: Hongjamrassilp Watcharapong , Summers Adam P. , Hastings Philip A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Sarcastic Fringehead (Neoclinus blanchardi, Teleostei) exhibits an extreme version of a common aggressive display, the “gaping display,” in which an open mouth is presented toward an opponent. Males of this species have extremely long jaws that extend posteriorly well past the posterior margin of the head and are flared laterally during the gaping display. In this study, we explored morphological traits related to this extraordinary display in this and related species of blennies. Morphological modifications include enlargement of the buccopalatal membrane, elongation of the maxilla via an uncalcified posterior extension, and evolution of a novel hinge between the anterior maxilla and lacrimal bones permitting lateral movement of the upper jaw. Geometric morphometry using the truss network system, thin‐plate spline, and PCA of three closely related species ofNeoclinusindicate that the elongate maxilla ofN. blanchardimost likely evolved via acceleration (faster growth compared to outgroups) and hypermorphosis (continued growth to a larger body size), both forms of peramorphic heterochrony. Coloration and fluorescence of the buccopalatal membrane may also serve to amplify the extraordinary gaping display of the Sarcastic Fringehead.
Causes of the active typhoon season in 2016 following a strong El Niño with a comparison to 1998
Authors: Huangfu Jingliang , Huang Ronghui , Chen Wen , Feng Tao 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThis article analysed two typhoon seasons (1998 and 2016) over the western North Pacific (WNP) with similar preceding background conditions of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST). Following the strong El Niño event in the preceding winter, the typhoon season was inactive in 1998 while active in 2016. Compared with 1998, the monsoon trough (MT) in 2016 shifted more eastwards, leading to an increase of the mid‐level water vapour, lower‐tropospheric relative vorticity and upper‐tropospheric divergence, and a decrease of the vertical wind shear. Additionally, the eastwards extension of the MT in 2016 induced more active tropical depression (TD)‐type waves than those in 1998. The analysis of the energy budget suggested that the eastwards shift of the MT during the 2016 typhoon season provided increased eddy kinetic energy for typhoon genesis, due to the joint contributions of the meridional shear of the mean zonal winds and the zonal wind convergence over the WNP. Moreover, the WNP entered a La Niña‐like SST pattern after July 2016. The relatively slower developing process of this pattern sustained the warmer SST anomalies and the anomalous cyclonic circulation, which the eastwards extension of the MT can be attributed. Hence, compared to 1998, the active typhoon season in 2016 is attributed to the eastwards extension of the MT, more active TD‐type wave activities, and slow developing process of a La Niña‐like SST pattern in 2016 typhoon season.
Three resampling approaches based on method of fragments for daily‐to‐subdaily precipitation disaggregation
Authors: Li Xin , Meshgi Ali , Wang Xuan , Zhang Jingjie , Tay Serene Hui Xin , Pijcke Gerard , Manocha Nishtha , Ong Matthias , Nguyen Manh Tuan , Babovic Vladan 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTPrecipitation data of finer timescale and higher spatial density are crucial for continuous hydrological modelling and flood risk assessment. Disaggregation methods are often used to transform the coarser‐timescale precipitation data into finer resolutions. The nonparametric approach based on method of fragments (MOF) has received broad attention in precipitation disaggregation literature, given its superiority in reproducing the at‐site statistical attributes. However, a detailed literature review has shown that the MOF‐based resampling approaches are mainly focused in the single‐site precipitation disaggregation context, which may subject to limitations such as the unavailability of at‐site precipitation records and the incapability to preserve the inter‐site correlation structure. To address these issues, we propose three resampling approaches based on MOF. The first approach is a single‐site interval‐based resampling approach which only draws subdaily fragment vectors from at‐site record. The second one extends the first one to a regionalized version where subdaily fragment vectors are drawn from both the at‐site and neighbouring stations. The third one is a multi‐site approach developed to preserve the observed inter‐site correlation. The performances of the three methods are evaluated with applications to daily‐to‐hourly precipitation disaggregation at six rain gauges in Singapore and eight precipitation stations in Wangkuai reservoir catchment in northern China. An elaborate list of performance measures, including standard validation statistics, spatial correlation, inter‐day connectivity, annual extreme analysis, and intra‐day dry and wet spell characteristics are used to assess the performance. The proposed three methods are shown to be effective in reproducing the at‐site attributes, and no significant deterioration of performance is observed when moving from the single‐site method to the regionalized and multi‐site versions. As expected, the multi‐site approach is the only one method that is able to reconstruct the spatial correlation in the disaggregated precipitation field. The approaches can be applied for daily‐to‐subdaily precipitation disaggregation in different regions.
Stem cells enhance reperfusion following ischemia: Validation using laser speckle imaging in predicting tissue repair
Authors: Tang Ya Hui , Thompson R. Will , Nathan Cherie‐Ann , Alexander Jonathan Steven , Lian Timothy 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesThe lack of real‐time assessment of vascular perfusion changes remains a major weakness in assessing the efficacy of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) therapeutic ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study provides for the first time the real‐time in vivo perfusion monitoring in I/R mice with BMSC therapy.Study DesignAnimal model.MethodsSurgically created cutaneous flaps perfused by the inferior epigastric vessels were subjected to 3.5 hours of ischemia/reperfusion. Wound healing and vascular perfusion were assessed by Image‐J and laser speckle contrast analysis (LSCA) in three groups (sham, I/R, and I/R + BMSC). BMSC tracking was quantified in an additional two groups (with/without I/R) using intravital fluorescent microscopy. The histopathology of skin flaps was examined by hematoxylin and eosin stain. Infiltrated macrophages were analyzed by confocal immunofluorescent microscopy.ResultsPostischemic tissues treated with BMSC demonstrated significantly greater survival than I/R control. On days 3 to 7 postreperfusion, both proximal and distal areas in BMSC‐treated flaps demonstrated greater levels of perfusion than untreated I/R flaps (P < 0.05). Intravital fluorescent microscopy revealed that numbers of labeled BMSC were significantly increased in the distal area compared to the proximal area in both with and without ischemic mice. Histological examination showed lower necrosis and infiltrated inflammatory cells in I/R + BMSC‐treated mice versus I/R controls.ConclusionBMSC accumulated in I/R flaps and exerted beneficial effects including: 1) improving vascular perfusion and 2) attenuating inflammatory cell infiltration. LSCA facilitates monitoring of the real‐time restitution of perfusion during flap wound healing in experimental animals and could also similarly applied in clinical investigations.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:E198–E205, 2018
Systematic review of the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging for early glottic carcinoma
Authors: van Egmond Sylvia L. , Stegeman Inge , Pameijer Frank A. , Bluemink Johanna J. , Terhaard Chris H. , Janssen Luuk M. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveIn early glottic cancer, accurate assessment of tumor extension, including depth infiltration, is of great importance for both staging, therapeutic approach and systematic comparison of data. Our goal was to assess the diagnostic value of MRI in pre‐therapeutic staging of primary early stage (T1 and T2) glottic carcinoma.Study designSystematic review of literature.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search in Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus up to September 23, 2016. Included studies were selected and critically appraised for relevance and validity.ResultsSeven out of 938 unique articles were selected, including 64 cases. MRI over‐staged 6% and under‐staged 13% of cT1 and cT2 tumors. However, available data is heterogeneous, very limited and mainly based on subanalysis of a small amount of patients. Reported MRI protocols appear to be suboptimal for small laryngeal lesions. Diagnostic value of MRI for subtle depth infiltration or laryngeal anatomical subsites (eg, laryngeal ventricle, vocal cord, etc.) could not be assessed.ConclusionsMore studies are needed to assess the diagnostic value of MRI for small glottic tumors.
Tuned Surface and Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Film Prepared by Random Copolymers Consisting of Methacrylate‐POSS and 2‐(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl Phosphorylcholine
Authors: Chatterjee Suchismita , Matsumoto Takuya , Nishino Takashi , Ooya Tooru 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPoly(2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) is known as a biocompatible polymers. Copolymerization of 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and hydrophobic monomers is a general approach that gives bioinert functions to solid materials via the surface coating. However, due to the amorphous nature and super hydrophilicity of the MPC‐based copolymers, both the surface and the mechanical properties are not controlled for biomedical applications. Here, the modulated mechanical property and the surface wettability of the MPC‐based copolymers are shown by using a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) methacrylate. MPC is copolymerized with POSS methacrylates bearing different vertex groups of ethyl (C2H5), hexayl (C6H13), and octayl (C8H17) via radical polymerization. It is found that only the C2H5‐POSS induces the increased mechanical strength, low surface wettability, and cellular attachment, suggesting that the C2H5‐POSS moiety restricts the motion of PMPC chain. The finding is anticipated to be tuned for both surface and bulk functions of PMPC for biomedical applications.
Challenges in PD Patient Management After DBS: A Pragmatic Review
Authors: Rossi Malco , Bruno Verónica , Arena Julieta , Cammarota Ángel , Merello Marcelo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundDeep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or internal globus pallidus (GPi) represents an effective and universally applied therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) motor complications. However, certain procedure‐related problems and unrealistic patient expectations may detract specialists from indicating DBS more widely despite significant clinical effects.MethodsThis review provides a pragmatic educational summary of the most conflicting postoperative management issues in patients undergoing DBS for PD.ResultsDBS in PD has been associated with certain complications and post‐procedural management issues, which can complicate surgical outcome interpretation. Many PD patients consider DBS outcomes negative due to unfulfilled expectations, even when significant motor symptom improvement is achieved. Speech, gait, postural stability, and cognition may worsen after DBS and body weight may increase. Although DBS may induce impulse control disorders in some cases, in others, it may actually improve them when dopamine agonist dosage is reduced after surgery. However, apathy may also arise, especially when dopaminergic medication tapering is rapid. Gradual loss of response with time suggests disease progression, rather than the wearing off of DBS effects. Furthermore, implantable pulse generator expiration is considered a movement disorder emergency, as it may worsen parkinsonian symptoms or cause life‐threatening akinetic crises due to malignant DBS withdrawal syndrome.ConclusionMajor unsolved issues occurring after DBS therapy preclude complete patient satisfaction. Multidisciplinary management at experienced centers, as well as careful and comprehensive delivery of information to patients, should contribute to make DBS outcome expectations more realistic and allow post procedural complications to be better accepted.
Dual respiratory and cardiac motion estimation in PET imaging: Methods design and quantitative evaluation
Authors: Feng Tao , Wang Jizhe , Tsui Benjamin M. W. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe goal of this study was to develop and evaluate four post‐reconstruction respiratory and cardiac (R&C) motion vector field (MVF) estimation methods for cardiac 4D PET data.MethodIn Method 1, the dual R&C motions were estimated directly from the dual R&C gated images. In Method 2, respiratory motion (RM) and cardiac motion (CM) were separately estimated from the respiratory gated only and cardiac gated only images. The effects of RM on CM estimation were modeled in Method 3 by applying an image‐based RM correction on the cardiac gated images before CM estimation, the effects of CM on RM estimation were neglected. Method 4 iteratively models the mutual effects of RM and CM during dual R&C motion estimations. Realistic simulation data were generated for quantitative evaluation of four methods. Almost noise‐free PET projection data were generated from the 4D XCAT phantom with realistic R&C MVF using Monte Carlo simulation. Poisson noise was added to the scaled projection data to generate additional datasets of two more different noise levels. All the projection data were reconstructed using a 4D image reconstruction method to obtain dual R&C gated images. The four dual R&C MVF estimation methods were applied to the dual R&C gated images and the accuracy of motion estimation was quantitatively evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE) of the estimated MVFs.ResultsResults show that among the four estimation methods, Methods 2 performed the worst for noise‐free case while Method 1 performed the worst for noisy cases in terms of quantitative accuracy of the estimated MVF. Methods 4 and 3 showed comparable results and achieved RMSE lower by up to 35% than that in Method 1 for noisy cases.ConclusionIn conclusion, we have developed and evaluated 4 different post‐reconstruction R&C MVF estimation methods for use in 4D PET imaging. Comparison of the performance of four methods on simulated data indicates separate R&C estimation with modeling of RM before CM estimation (Method 3) to be the best option for accurate estimation of dual R&C motion in clinical situation.