bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypernatraemia in 39 hospitalised foals: clinical findings, primary diagnosis and outcome
Authors: Collins NM , Carrick JB , Russell CM , Axon JE 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate hypernatraemia in foals presenting as medical emergencies to an intensive care unit (ICU) to determine the prevalence, clinical findings, primary diagnosis and outcome.MethodsRetrospective case study of records from Thoroughbred foals aged less than 3 months that presented to an ICU as medical emergencies in 2002–12. Data retrieved included signalment, clinical findings, laboratory results, primary diagnosis and outcome. Foals with hypernatraemia (serum sodium > 145 mmol/L) on admission laboratory data were identified and further evaluated.ResultsA total of 39 of 1718 foals (2.3%) were diagnosed with hypernatraemia; all foals were less than 7 days of age. The most common primary diagnoses in the foals with hypernatraemia were neonatal syndrome (19/39, 48.7%) and sepsis (15/39, 38.5%). Foals with hypernatraemia at presentation were more likely to die or be euthanased during their hospitalisation than foals with a normal serum sodium concentration on ICU admission (33.3% vs 16.1%; odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.2–4.6; P = 0.02).ConclusionAdmission hypernatraemia was an uncommon but important electrolyte abnormality in this population of hospitalised foals. Although the short‐term outcome in survivors was most likely dependent on the underlying disease process, hypernatraemia was negatively associated with outcome in hospitalised foals.
A prospective study on ultra‐wide diameter dental implants for immediate molar replacement
Authors: Hattingh André , Hommez Geert , De Bruyn Hugo , Huyghe Marie , Vandeweghe Stefan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough wide diameter implants are well documented, little is known about ultra‐wide diameter implants (>6 mm). This study evaluates the clinical outcome of ultra‐wide diameter implants, placed in molar extraction sockets.Materials and MethodsUltra‐wide diameter implants (7‐9 mm) were placed immediately after molar extraction in a 1‐stage protocol, without raising a flap or using any bone grafts. After 4 months, the implant was loaded with a single screw‐retained crown. Bone loss was evaluated using peri‐apical radiographs. Plaque and bleeding were recorded. Crown and papilla dimensions were measured and compared with the contra‐lateral tooth.ResultsFifty‐one patients (36 male and 15 female), mean ages 61 years old, were treated with 26 implants in the maxilla and 25 implants in the mandible. The majority had a thick (#19) or medium (#31) biotype. After a mean‐follow‐up period of 23 months, the mean bone level was located 1.16 mm apical of the implant‐abutment junction (SD 0.42, range 0.00‐2.45) while the actual bone remodeling associated with socket healing resulted in a mean coronal movement of the bone level of 0.15 mm. The mean insertion torque was 116 Ncm (SD 53, range 10‐250). There were no differences in papilla height (P = .55), crown length (P = .32), zenith (P = .84), and bucco‐palatal dimensions (P = .38). There was a significant difference in the mesio‐distal dimension (P = .01). Mean probing depth was 2.59 mm at the implant and 2.23 mm at the contra‐lateral tooth (P = .001). There was significantly more plaque at the tooth compared to the implant (P = .01), but there was no significant difference in terms of bleeding on probing (P = .08). Patient satisfaction was high with 72.5% of the patients experiencing no problems at all.ConclusionsUltra‐wide diameter implants have a predictable outcome, demonstrating very little bone loss. Papilla and crown dimensions were comparable to the contra‐lateral natural tooth.
Stigmatizing images in the media – a cross‐national survey
Authors: Sievert K. , Lobstein T. , Baker P. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryImages accompanying articles on obesity in the media may contribute to a stigmatizing narrative of personal blame for the condition. We report a pilot study of online newspapers in 15 countries to determine the use of positive and negative imagery used to accompany articles on obesity. We undertook a visual content analysis of images accompanying articles on obesity from the top five newspapers of each country. We then ranked countries according to the ratio of positive to negative imagery used. A total of 195 images were analysed. The majority of images scored negatively (i.e. were likely to be stigmatizing). Media in Hong Kong, South Africa, Italy and Morocco had the highest prevalence of stigmatizing imagery, whereas Japan and New Zealand displayed the lowest. Public media in all the countries surveyed show stigmatizing imagery associated with obesity, but there was variability between countries. As the global prevalence of obesity rises and advocacy groups raise awareness of stigma, we hope for an improvement in the images used in the media.
Discovery of swimming larvae in Elmidae (Coleoptera: Byrrhoidea)
Authors: Hayashi Masakazu , Sota Teiji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aquatic larvae of the family Elmidae (Coleoptera) have been considered unable to swim because they lack swimming setae on their body and legs. We discovered that riffle beetle larvae (Leptelmis gracilis Sharp) are in fact able to swim. After opening the tuft‐like gills on the last abdominal segment they swim by repeatedly bending the abdomen into a U‐shape very quickly and in a wavy manner, while their head and thorax move anteriorly, resulting in a sigmoidal body shape. The flat bodies of L. gracilis larvae could be advantageous for swimming compared to the cylindrical or semicylindrical bodies of larvae in related genera.
Mode I interlaminar fracture behavior of 2D woven ceramic matrix composites
Authors: Mansour Rabih , Morscher Gregory N. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInterlaminar fracture properties of melt‐infiltrated woven SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites were investigated using traditional and wedge‐loaded double cantilever beam methods. The two methods produced comparable GIC results for some specimens. The difference in boundary conditions between the two methods appeared to influence the crack propagation path. The DCB method, having free‐end boundary condition, allowed more interaction between the crack and the composite microstructure than the wedge method did. The effect of fiber tow layout sequence had an effect on the interlaminar properties. Higher toughness was observed for the orientation where crack propagation occurs between planes with more transverse tows. Jump‐arrest phenomenon was found to have higher significance on the rising R‐curve behavior than fiber bridging.
Large‐scale synthesis of hafnium carbide nanowires via a Ni‐assisted polymer infiltration and pyrolysis
Authors: Fu Yanqin , Zhang Yulei , Ren Jincui , Li Tao , Wang Haohao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHafnium carbide (HfC) nanowires were successfully synthesized on C/C composites via a Ni‐assisted polymer infiltration and pyrolysis. Before synthesizing HfC nanowires, the composition and microstructure of the organic HfC precursor and its pyrolyzed products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The effect of heat‐treatment temperature on the morphology and microstructure of HfC nanowires were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that HfC nanowires exhibits three‐layer core‐shell structure, including HfC core, HfO2 inner shell (~2 nm) and carbon nanosheet outer shell (~1 nm). The obtained HfC nanowire is typically grown along <01> with the diameters of ~100 nm and the length of several micrometers. The growth of HfC nanowire follows the combination of top‐type vapor‐liquid‐solid and solid‐liquid‐solid mechanism.
Creative Risk‐Taking: Developing Strategies for First Year University Students in the Creative Industries
Authors: Choi Jaz Hee‐Jeong , Payne Alice , Hart Phoebe , Brown Alice 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article reports on the findings of a study investigating creative risktaking behaviours of the commencing university students enrolled in three units across three disciplines: Interactive and Visual Design, Fashion Design, and Film, Screen and Animation. The study employs an action research methodology in order to help students develop confidence and competence in creative risk‐taking. Upon analysis from relevant literature three key provisions for the study are proposed, being: P1 An open and playful learning environment that encourages sharing and challenging multiple perspectives; P2 An adequate period of time for students to develop and revise creative concepts; and P3 Opportunities to assess their own performance in developing creative risk‐taking capacities. The study draws on the students’ written self‐reflections to identify the key challenges and opportunities in encouraging creative risk‐taking among first year students, which are challenges of collaboration; creative resilience and self‐efficacy; and balancing creativity with technical competency. The article suggests several ways that educators can encourage students to take creative risks within higher education in preparation for careers in the creative industries.
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the senescent phenotype of IPF lung fibroblasts
Authors: Schuliga Michael , Pechkovsky Dmitri V , Read Jane , Waters David W , Blokland Kaj E C , Reid Andrew T , Hogaboam Cory M , Khalil Nasreen , Burgess Janette K , Prêle Cecilia M , Mutsaers Steven E , Jaffar Jade , Westall Glen , Grainge Christopher , Knight Darryl A 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIncreasing evidence highlights that senescence plays an important role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study delineates the specific contribution of mitochondria and the superoxide they form to the senescent phenotype of lung fibroblasts from IPF patients (IPF‐LFs). Primary cultures of IPF‐LFs exhibited an intensified DNA damage response (DDR) and were more senescent than age‐matched fibroblasts from control donors (Ctrl‐LFs). Furthermore, IPF‐LFs exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, exemplified by increases in mitochondrial superoxide, DNA, stress and activation of mTORC1. The DNA damaging agent etoposide elicited a DDR and augmented senescence in Ctrl‐LFs, which were accompanied by disturbances in mitochondrial homoeostasis including heightened superoxide production. However, etoposide had no effect on IPF‐LFs. Mitochondrial perturbation by rotenone involving sharp increases in superoxide production also evoked a DDR and senescence in Ctrl‐LFs, but not IPF‐LFs. Inhibition of mTORC1, antioxidant treatment and a mitochondrial targeting antioxidant decelerated IPF‐LF senescence and/or attenuated pharmacologically induced Ctrl‐LF senescence. In conclusion, increased superoxide production by dysfunctional mitochondria reinforces lung fibroblast senescence via prolongation of the DDR. As part of an auto‐amplifying loop, mTORC1 is activated, altering mitochondrial homoeostasis and increasing superoxide production. Deeper understanding the mechanisms by which mitochondria contribute to fibroblast senescence in IPF has potentially important therapeutic implications.
Follistatin‐like protein 5 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by inducing caspase‐dependent apoptosis and regulating Bcl‐2 family proteins
Authors: Li Chunlei , Dai Lei , Zhang Junfeng , Zhang Yujing , Lin Yi , Cheng Lin , Tian Hongwei , Zhang Xin , Wang Qingnan , Yang Qianmei , Wang Yuan , Shi Gang , Cheng Fuyi , Su Xiaolan , Yang Yang , Zhang Shuang , Yu Dechao , Wei Yuquan , Deng Hongxin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly malignant tumors in the world, especially in China. Follistatin‐like protein 5 (FSTL5) is a member of the FSTL family, which is involved in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and embryo development. We aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of FSTL5 in HCC. FSTL5 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry staining in a liver cancer tissue microarray (TMA) and the correlation between FSTL5 and the prognosis of HCC patients was analysed. Further proliferation assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and xenograft tumor model were performed to investigate the bioeffects of FSTL5 in HCC in vitro and in vivo. We found that FSTL5 expression was downregulated in HCC tissues and positively correlated with the prognosis of patients with HCC at tumor node metastasis stage I/II. Overexpression of FSTL5 efficiently impaired HCC growth both in vivo and in vitro with an exogenous manner. Mechanistic investigation demonstrated that FSTL5 promoted HCC cell apoptosis in a caspase‐dependent manner and regulated Bcl‐2 family proteins. These results indicate that FSTL5 may be a potential novel target for HCC treatment, and a biomarker for tumor prognosis.
Why are red flowers so rare? Testing the macroevolutionary causes of tippiness
Authors: Ng Julienne , Smith Stacey D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTraits that have arisen multiple times yet still remain rare present a curious paradox. A number of these rare traits show a distinct tippy pattern, where they appear widely dispersed across a phylogeny, are associated with short branches and differ between recently diverged sister species. This phylogenetic pattern has classically been attributed to the trait being an evolutionary dead end, where the trait arises due to some short‐term evolutionary advantage, but it ultimately leads species to extinction. While the higher extinction rate associated with a dead end trait could produce such a tippy pattern, a similar pattern could appear if lineages with the trait speciated slower than other lineages, or if the trait was lost more often that it was gained. In this study, we quantify the degree of tippiness of red flowers in the tomato family, Solanaceae, and investigate the macroevolutionary processes that could explain the sparse phylogenetic distribution of this trait. Using a suite of metrics, we confirm that red‐flowered lineages are significantly overdispersed across the tree and form smaller clades than expected under a null model. Next, we fit 22 alternative models using HiSSE (Hidden State Speciation and Extinction), which accommodates asymmetries in speciation, extinction and transition rates that depend on observed and unobserved (hidden) character states. Results of the model fitting indicated significant variation in diversification rates across the family, which is best explained by the inclusion of hidden states. Our best fitting model differs between the maximum clade credibility tree and when incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty, suggesting that the extreme tippiness and rarity of red Solanaceae flowers makes it difficult to distinguish among different underlying processes. However, both of the best models strongly support a bias towards the loss of red flowers. The best fitting HiSSE model when incorporating phylogenetic uncertainty lends some support to the hypothesis that lineages with red flowers exhibit reduced diversification rates due to elevated extinction rates. Future studies employing simulations or targeting population‐level processes may allow us to determine whether red flowers in Solanaceae or other angiosperms clades are rare and tippy due to a combination of processes, or asymmetrical transitions alone.
Recovery of quality of life after laparoscopic myomectomy
Authors: Tsuzuki Yoko , Tsuzuki Shinya , Wada Shinichiro , Fukushi Yoshiyuki , Fujino Takafumi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimIt is commonly thought that laparoscopic surgery leads to faster postoperative recovery for its low invasiveness. We evaluated postoperative quality of life (QOL) after laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) by using the Euro‐QOL 5 dimension (EQ‐5D) score and analyzed its relationship to surgical factors.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2016, 541 patients underwent LM at our institution. We included 86 patients in the final analysis (16% response rate) who replied to the EQ‐5D questionnaire, in order to investigate postoperative QOL. We evaluated patients’ EQ‐5D score before the operation and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th postoperative day (POD). We investigated the degree of correlation between the EQ‐5D score and four surgical characteristics (operation time, intraoperative bleeding, number of resected myomas and weight of specimen). We examined correlation between EQ‐5D scores and chief complaints such as hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, other pain, myoma enlargement, palpable tumor and desire for childbearing. We also examined correlation between EQ‐5D scores and other factors such as patient's age, infertility, history of abdominal surgery, marriage and body mass index.ResultsFull recovery, defined as an EQ‐5D score of 1.0, was reported 2.3% of patients by POD3, 18.6% by POD7, 58.1% by POD14, 73.3% by POD21 and 86.0% by POD28.Longer duration of operation correlated weakly with poor recovery on POD3. Intraoperative bleeding, number of resected myomas and weight of the specimen did not significantly influence EQ‐5D score. There was no correlation between chief complaints or other factors mentioned above and EQ‐5D score.ConclusionsMore than a half of the patients undergoing LM included in our study reported full recovery of QOL after 2 weeks. The time to recover QOL was slightly influenced by the operation time. However, when LM was finished without any complications, postoperative QOL eventually seemed to improve regardless of the surgical characteristics such as operation time, intraoperative bleeding, number of resected myomas and weight of specimen.
TECTONIC EVOLUTION OF THE NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE CENOZOIC ARARAT BASIN, LESSER CAUCASUS, ARMENIA
Authors: Avagyan A. , Sosson M. , Sahakyan L. , Sheremet Y. , Vardanyan S. , Martirosyan M. , Muller C. 
Published: September 2018

This paper investigates the structure of the northern margin of the Ararat depression in a study area in SE Armenia. The depression is a Cenozoic intermontane basin located to the south of the Lesser Caucasus. The purpose is to improve understanding of the basin's structure and origin within a regional tectonic framework which has been dominated since the Late Cretaceous by the closure of Neotethys and the Arabia‐Eurasia collision. We suggest that the depression is not a graben controlled by normal faults; rather, based on detailed observations, structures in the study area are interpreted as oblique‐slip reverse and thrust faults activated in post Oligocene‐Miocene times. These compressional faults resulted in the formation of asymmetric fold structures including the Lanjanist and Urts anticlines which are well expressed in the surface relief to the north of the Ararat depression. In general the structural pattern is complicated by secondary normal faults which resulted in superimposed gravitational slope processes and erosion.Major structures in the study area originated in a compressional setting associated with the closure of Neotethys since the latest Cretaceous. Post‐collisional strike‐slip faulting was linked to convergence of the Arabian and Eurasian plate margins. Pliocene and Quaternary structures, some still active, show evidence of structural inheritance.The Armenian portion of the Ararat depression contains obduction‐related nappes, anticlines and thrust faults which have potential as structural traps for hydrocarbons. These should be investigated in detail using advanced geophysical methods including 2D and 3D seismic analyses.
Effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface‐gene variability on markers of replication during treated human immunodeficiency virus‐HBV infection in Western Africa
Authors: Boyd Anders , Moh Raoul , Maylin Sarah , Abdou Chekaraou Mariama , Mahjoub Nadia , Gabillard Delphine , Anglaret Xavier , Eholié Serge Paul , Danel Christine , Delaugerre Constance , Zoulim Fabien , Lacombe Karine ,   the ANRS 12240 VarBVA study
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsReplication markers exhibit substantial variation during chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, part of which can be explained by mutations on the surface (S) gene. We aimed to identify S‐gene mutations possibly influencing the quantification of HBV replication markers (MUPIQH) in HBV genotype E infection, common to Western Africa.MethodsSeventy‐three antiretroviral treatment (ART)‐naïve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐HBV co‐infected patients from Côte d'Ivoire, initiating anti‐HBV‐containing ART, had available HBV S‐gene sequences. S‐gene MUPIQHs were screened at ART initiation based on lower HBV‐DNA or HBsAg quantification (qHBsAg) compared to wildtype. Their association with HBV virological response and qHBsAg slope during treatment was evaluated.ResultsGenotype E was predominant (95.9%). At ART initiation, median HBV‐DNA was 7.27 log10 copies/mL (IQR = 5.26‐8.33) and qHBsAg 4.08 log10 IU/mL (IQR = 3.49‐4.61). Twelve S‐gene MUPIQHs were identified among 21 patients (28.8%): sS140L (n = 4), sD144A (n = 1), sS167L (n = 2), sS174N (n = 6), sP178Q (n = 2), sG185L (n = 2), sW191L (n = 2), sP203Q/R (n = 2), sS204N/I/R/K/T/G (n = 7), sN207T (n = 2), sF212C (n = 1) and sV224A/Y (n = 7). MUPIQHs at positions s185+s191+s224 and s178+s204 were within highly covarying networks of S‐gene mutations. Older age (P = 0.02), elevated transaminases (P = 0.03) and anti‐hepatitis B “e” antibody‐positive serology (P = 0.009) were significantly associated with prevalent MUPIQHs at ART initiation. During treatment, baseline MUPIQHs were not associated with time‐to‐undetectable HBV‐DNA (P = 0.7) and qHBsAg levels decreased at similar rates between those with vs without MUPIQHs (P = 0.5).ConclusionSeveral novel S‐gene mutations were associated with reductions in replication markers among West African co‐infected patients. These mutations, however, do not affect response during antiviral treatment. Their diagnostic and clinical consequences need clarification.