bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The controversy over the retypification of Acacia Mill. with an Australian type: A pragmatic view
Authors: Thiele Kevin R. , Funk Vicki A. , Iwatsuki Kunio , Morat Philippe , Peng Ching-I , Raven Peter H. , Sarukhán José , Seberg Ole , McNeill John , Orchard Anthony E. , David John C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe conservation of Acacia with an Australian type has been perhaps the most controversial issue to have been dealt with under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature in many years. Before, during and since the vote on the matter at the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress in Vienna, strong opinions have been expressed in print, on the web and in the popular media. Opponents of the Vienna decision are currently focusing on details of the process by which the vote was conducted, rather than on the merits or otherwise of the original proposal. They have signalled an intention to challenge and to try to overturn the Vienna decision at the Melbourne Congress. We are a group of taxonomists, from a range of backgrounds and with a range of opinions on the original proposal, who believe that the Vienna process was fundamentally sound, and that continuance of this argument in its current form is damaging to the international nomenclatural consensus. We provide this paper as, we hope, an objective, non‐partisan summary of the issue and conclude with the recommendation that the international taxonomic community should accept the retypification of Acacia and move on.
Typification of Leontodon taraxacum L. (≡ Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) and the generic name Taraxacum: A review and a new typification proposal
Authors: Kirschner Jan , Štěpánek Jan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe previous typification of Leontodon taraxacum L. (≡ Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) and hence of the generic name Taraxacum is analysed. It is shown that the typification and consequent nomenclatural and interpretation changes have been almost totally ignored by the botanical public and therefore have become a source of ambiguity or confusion, and that the previous lectotype is in serious conflict with the protologue. A new lectotype is designated that is in accordance with the protologue and corresponds to the currently generally adopted reasonably broad interpretation of Taraxacum officinale as a name of an aggregate of agamospermous and sexual common dandelions. The new lectotype is “Dens leonis latiore folio Bauh., In Lusatia, Bohemia, Dania,” J. Burser vi.37 (UPS). In order to retain the broad‐sense interpretation of the name, the authors do not recommend subsequent epitypification of the name.
Molecular phylogeny of Diplolepis (Apocynaceae‐Asclepiadoideae) and allied genera, and taxonomic implications
Authors: Hechem Viviana , Calviño Carolina I. , Ezcurra Cecilia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiplolepis, a genus from southern South America traditionally considered monotypic, has recently been shown from molecular data to include a few species that form a monophyletic group at the base of the MOG clade of Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae). The species transferred to Diplolepis include plants from temperate South America mostly described under the generic name “Cynanchum”. Phylogenetic analyses of cpDNA trnT‐trnF and rps16 sequences of 51 accessions of Asclepiadaceae using maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods show that all “Cynanchum” from southern Argentina and Chile (except C. atacamense), Tweedia australis and Diplolepis form a well‐supported monophyletic group. Within this group, three clades are recognized: two morphologically homogeneous groups from South Andean forests and high elevation areas, and a more diverse group in flower and leaf morphology from southern South American desert and semidesert areas. The phylogenetic position of C. atacamense is equivocal but the species is transferred to Diplolepis based on morphological and biogeographical coherence. The morphological, geographical and environmental characteristics of the three recognized clades of Diplolepis are discussed and eight nomenclatural changes are proposed.
Phylogenetic relationships of Artemisia subg. Dracunculus (Asteraceae) based on ribosomal and chloroplast DNA sequences
Authors: Pellicer Jaume , Vallès Joan , Korobkov Aleksandr A. , Garnatje Teresa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMolecular‐phylogenetic analyses of a large sampling of Artemisia subg. Dracunculus were carried out under Bayesian and maximum parsimony criteria to circumscribe the subgenus and explore the relationships between the species in the core of the subgenus. The Dracunculus complex was resolved into two main clades: one core clade including most of the Eurasian representatives plus a few closely related North American endemic species, and a second, small clade including A. salsoloides and A. tanaitica. Segregation of the latter two species is proposed in order to keep the subgenus monophyletic. Within the core clade, the existence of different lineages such as the A. dracunculus or A. campestris complexes, as well as the relationships of Mausolea, Neopallasia and Turaniphytum, are scrutinized. Discordances between the molecular data and previous morphological taxonomic treatments are noted. The occurrence of polyploidy in the subgenus is explored using previously published and newly generated genome size data.
Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the fern genus Anisocampium (Athyriaceae)
Authors: Liu Yea-Chen , Chiou Wen-Liang , Kato Masahiro 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe redefine the fern genus Anisocampium based on the results of a phylogenetic analysis using two regions of the chloroplast genome. The redefined genus is separate from Athyrium s. str. and comprises four species, two of which were previously assigned to Athyrium or Kuniwatsukia. Anisocampium paucijugum is reduced to a synonym of A. cumingianum. The four accepted species in Anisocampium are morphologically distinct but the putative hybrid An. ×saitoanum suggests low reproductive isolation in the genus. Anisocampium can be distinguished from related genera by a combination of characters only.
The Acacia retypification debate: Perspectives of African amateur botanists
Authors: Moore Andy , Cotterill Fenton P.D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAmateur botanists represent an important constituency that makes significant scientific contributions in fields such as biogeography and is the source of important funding for research and conservation issues. We argue that the African amateur botanical constituency has not had a platform to make a contribution to the Acacia retypification debate. We further raise concerns that what we perceive as the failure of the Spermatophyta Committee to adhere to nomenclature guidelines has the potential to undermine nomenclature processes, and the legitimacy of botanical decision‐making bodies. It exposes these bodies to accusations of marginalization of Third World countries, especially those in Africa, and has possible legal ramifications, all with the potential to disrupt research and conservation priorities.
Investigating the relationship between pre‐service physics teachers' professional knowledge, self‐concept, and interest
Authors: Sorge Stefan , Keller Melanie M. , Neumann Knut , Möller Jens 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the relationships between professional knowledge, self‐concept, and interest of pre‐service physics teachers. In order to support student learning and interest development alike, teachers need a profound professional knowledge and respective motivational orientations. Developing both professional knowledge and motivational orientations in teachers is therefore a key challenge of teacher education. Prior research has focused on the development of content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) within teacher education, but the role of motivational orientations such as self‐concept and interest have mostly been neglected areas of study. As individuals develop domain‐specific motivational orientations, they compare their achievement in an external frame to the achievement of their peers, and they compare their achievements in an internal frame across domains. The effects of these psychological processes on domain‐specific motivational orientations are described by the generalized internal/external frame of reference model (GI/E model). We assessed the professional knowledge (CK and PCK) and motivational orientations (self‐concept and interest) of N = 200 pre‐service physics teachers from 12 teacher education institutes in Germany. To investigate the predictions of the GI/E model, we utilized structural equation modeling. In line with the GI/E model, the analysis revealed that pre‐service teachers use social comparisons. Pre‐service teachers with a higher CK/PCK also showed a higher CK/PCK self‐concept. We also identified instances of internal comparisons as we found that a high level of CK corresponds with a lower PCK self‐concept. While we could not identify the same effects from professional knowledge on interest, self‐concept mediated the effects from professional knowledge on interest. The results suggest that interdependencies between professional knowledge and motivational orientation should be given more consideration in teacher education research and should also be addressed more explicitly in teacher education.
NIPAL4 deletion identified in an American Bully with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and response to topical therapy
Authors: Briand Amaury , Cochet‐Faivre Noelle , Reyes‐Gomez Edouard , Jaraud‐Darnault Ambre , Tiret Laurent , Chevallier Lucie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIchthyoses represent a heterogeneous group of hereditary cornification disorders characterized by generalized scaling of the skin. An autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) has been described in American Bulldogs and is caused by a variant in the NIPAL4 gene encoding for the ICHTHYIN protein. So far, this variant has not been described in other breeds. A 1.5‐year‐old female pedigreed American Bully was referred for generalized scaling and bad coat quality since adoption at 8 weeks of age. Clinical examination, cytological and histopathological examination, and DNA testing were performed. Clinical examination revealed a generalized scaling; cytological evaluation using impression with acetate tapes showed a secondary Malassezia dermatitis. Histopathological examination revealed a moderate to marked, diffuse, compact orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis with the formation of large scales. Few Malassezia were observed in the stratum corneum associated with minimal mixed perivascular inflammation and moderate epidermal hyperplasia. DNA testing of the dog revealed that he carries two defective alleles of the NIPAL4 gene previously described in the American Bulldog. We performed a commercially available breed detection test which, although not specifically testing for “American Bully” signatures, revealed a high probability of American Bulldog DNA signature within the past three generations. Topical treatment using a combination of keratolytic and keratomodulator shampoo, emollient and moisturizers spray and antimicrobial wipes achieved a marked clinical improvement after only 1 month. Continuous topical treatment was necessary to maintain clinical improvement. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first description of the deleterious NIPAL4 variant in an American Bully as well as the first description of clinical management and follow‐up of ARCI in this breed.
A Starting Point: Provide Children Opportunities to Engage with Scientific Inquiry and Nature of Science
Authors: Murphy Clíona , Smith Greg , Broderick Nicola 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the effect teachers’ participation in a targeted inquiry-based/nature of science (NoS) continuing professional development programme had on Irish primary children’s experiences of scientific inquiry and developing conceptions of NoS. Data were gathered from 459 children from 10 Dublin schools. The findings revealed that their teachers’ engagement with the targeted professional development programme had positive effects on the children’s experiences of scientific inquiry and on their developing NoS conceptions. It was apparent that professional development methodologies were effectively implemented throughout the school year. which led to a significant increase in these children’s engagement with more child-led inquiry-based approaches and a significant decrease in engagement with more teacher-led methodologies. Furthermore, engagement with the professional development methodologies resulted in the children developing more elaborate conceptions regarding ‘general aspects’ of NoS. The findings are significant in that that they add to the growing body of literature that asserts that pedagogy regarding ‘general aspects’ of NoS is an appropriate starting point in supporting the development of young children’s NoS conceptions. Furthermore, engagement with the programme methodologies during school science enabled the children to make sense of science in their everyday lives. Science education policy documents worldwide highlight the importance of scientific literacy and suggest that if students are to become scientifically literate it is essential that they develop their understanding about the processes of science and the type of knowledge science produces and have the ability to apply this scientific knowledge in every day contexts. The findings in this study are significant in that it is apparent that engagement with inquiry-based and NoS pedagogies appeared to have been a very good starting point in supporting the development of these young children’s scientific literacy skills.
Duration of untreated illness and response to SRI treatment in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Albert Umberto , Barbaro Francesca , Bramante Stefano , Rosso Gianluca , De Ronchi Diana , Maina Giuseppe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground:The duration of untreated illness (DUI) is a potentially modifiable parameter associated with worst prognosis in several psychiatric disorders, but poorly investigated in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Our aims were to estimate the mean DUI in a large sample of individuals with OCD and its impact on response to the first ever adequate SRI treatment.Methods:We retrospectively examined records of 251 patients with OCD (SCID-I, DSM-IV) who referred to our Department and were prospectively and naturalistically treated according to International Guidelines. The DUI was defined as the interval between age at onset and age at which patients received their first adequate pharmacological treatment. Response rates were compared in subjects with brief (≤24 months) versus long DUI. Logistic regression models predicting response and 12-week Y-BOCS score were run with DUI (among others) as independent variable.Results:The mean DUI was 106.19 ± 118.14 months, with a mean interval between onset of the disorder and when patients sought professional help of 82.27 ± 112.30 months. Response rates were significantly reduced in subjects with a long DUI, using both the cut-off of 24 months and the median value of 60 months. Regression analyses confirmed that a long (>24 months) DUI predicts poorer response and higher Y-BOCS scores at 12 weeks.Conclusions:Our results, although preliminary, seem to suggest that a longer duration of untreated illness in OCD is associated with poorer outcome in terms of response to SRI treatments. It is imperative to do all the possible to shorten the DUI, both by improving access to mental health services, improving the ability of primary care physicians and mental health professionals to recognize OCD, and disseminate best-practice prescription guidelines.
Genetic origin of a large family with a novel PSEN1 mutation (Ile416Thr)
Authors: Ramirez Aguilar Laura , Acosta‐Uribe Juliana , Giraldo Margarita M. , Moreno Sonia , Baena Ana , Alzate Diana , Cuastumal Rosario , Aguillón David , Madrigal Lucía , Saldarriaga Amanda , Navarro Alexander , Garcia Gloria P. , Aguirre‐Acevedo Daniel C. , Geier Ethan G. , Cochran J. Nicholas , Quiroz Yakeel T. , Myers Richard M. , Yokoyama Jennifer S. , Kosik Kenneth S. , Lopera Francisco 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionA small percentage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are caused by genetic mutations with autosomal dominant inheritance. We report a family with a novel variant in PSEN1.MethodsWe performed clinical and genetic evaluation of 93 related individuals from a Colombian admixed population. 31 individuals had whole‐genome sequencing.ResultsGenetic analysis revealed a missense variant in PSEN1 (NM_000021.3: c.1247T>C p.Ile416Thr), which originated on an African haplotype and segregated with AD logarithm of the odds score of 6. Their clinical phenotype is similar to sporadic AD except for earlier age at onset: the mean age at onset for mild cognitive impairment was 47.6 years (standard deviation 5.83) and for dementia 51.6 years (standard deviation 5.03).DiscussionIle416Thr is a novel pathogenic variant that causes AD in the sixth decade of life. The history of the region that included slave importation and admixtures within a confined geographic locale represents a “mini‐population bottleneck” and subsequent emergence of a rare dominant mutation.
BASIS THEOREMS FOR -SETS
Authors: CHONG CHI TAT , WU LIUZHEN , YU LIANG 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe prove the following two basis theorems for ${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^1$-sets of reals:(1)Every nonthin ${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^1$-set has a perfect ${\rm{\Delta }}_2^1$-subset if and only if it has a nonthin ${\rm{\Delta }}_2^1$-subset, and this is equivalent to the statement that there is a nonconstructible real.(2)Every uncountable ${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^1$-set has an uncountable ${\rm{\Delta }}_2^1$-subset if and only if either every real is constructible or $\omega _1^L$ is countable.We also apply the method that proves (2) to show that if there is a nonconstructible real, then there is a perfect ${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$-set with no nonempty ${\rm{\Pi }}_2^1$-thin subset, strengthening a result of Harrington [4].
Inflammatory cytokines and mononuclear cells in sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Yoon S H , Kim M E , Kim H Y , Lee J S , Jang C H 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluated tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukins 10 and 12, and interferon-γ levels, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and clusters of differentiation 17c and 86 expression in unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss.MethodsTwenty-four patients with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss, and 24 individuals with normal hearing and no history of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (who were attending the clinic for other problems), were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and clusters of differentiation 11c and 86 were isolated and analysed. Plasma and supernatant levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukins 10 and 12 were measured.ResultsThere were no significant differences with respect to age and gender. Monocyte population, mean tumour necrosis factor-α level and cluster of differentiation 86 expression were significantly increased in the study group compared to the control group. However, interferon-γ and interleukin 12 levels were significantly decreased. The difference in mean interleukin 10 level was not significant.ConclusionIncreases in tumour necrosis factor-α level and monocyte population might play critical roles in sudden sensorineural hearing loss. This warrants detailed investigation and further studies on the role of dendritic cells in sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Discrimination of colors by red–green color vision-deficient observers through digitally generated red filter
Authors: Sato Keiko , Inoue Takaaki , Tamura Shuto , Takimoto Hironori 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that with the use of tinted lenses (or colored filters), individuals with red–green color vision deficiency (CVD) report an improvement in their performance on certain color vision tests. In this context, this study examines the effects of a digitally generated red-colored filter and identifies the mechanism mainly responsible for the changes in red–green CVD observers’ performance on a D-15 arrangement test performed using the filter. We simulate the red filter digitally with the spectral transmittance similar to that of the X-Chrom, which is a red-tinted lens. Fourteen red–green CVD subjects are subjected to the D-15 test on a computer monitor under four filter conditions, consisting of one condition without the filter and three conditions with the filter, corresponding to the opacity of the red filter. The results show that while the simulated red filter improves the performance of deutans to arrange the caps in the D-15 test, this is not the case for protans. In addition, considerations based on the human cone-contrast model enable us to identify that the improvement in deutan observers largely results from the increase in the luminance contrast between stimuli and a background. To summarize, the red filter simulated in this study induces different changes in the red–green CVD observer luminance contrast between the protan and deutan types, with the result that the performance of deuteranopes improves while that of protanopes deteriorates.
Inlining External Sources in Answer Set Programs
Authors: REDL CHRISTOPH 
Published: February 2019

Abstracthex-programs are an extension of answer set programs (ASP) with external sources. To this end, external atoms provide a bidirectional interface between the program and an external source. The traditional evaluation algorithm for hex-programs is based on guessing truth values of external atoms and verifying them by explicit calls of the external source. The approach was optimized by techniques that reduce the number of necessary verification calls or speed them up, but the remaining external calls are still expensive. In this paper, we present an alternative evaluation approach based on inlining of external atoms, motivated by existing but less general approaches for specialized formalisms such as DL-programs. External atoms are then compiled away such that no verification calls are necessary. The approach is implemented in the dlvhex reasoner. Experiments show a significant performance gain. Besides performance improvements, we further exploit inlining for extending previous (semantic) characterizations of program equivalence from ASP to hex-programs, including those of strong equivalence, uniform equivalence, and $\langle\mathcal{H},\mathcal{B}\rangle$- equivalence. Finally, based on these equivalence criteria, we characterize also inconsistency of programs w.r.t. extensions. Since well-known ASP extensions (such as constraint ASP) are special cases of hex, the results are interesting beyond the particular formalism.
Transitions from career employment among public- and private-sector workers
Authors: Quinn Joseph F. , Cahill Kevin E. , Giandrea Michael D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDo the retirement patterns of public-sector workers differ from those in the private sector? The latter typically face a retirement landscape with exposure to market uncertainties through defined-contribution pension plans and private saving. Public-sector workers, in contrast, are often covered by defined-benefit pension plans that encourage retirement at relatively young ages and offer financial security at older ages. We examine how private- and public-sector workers transition from full-time career employment, with a focus on the importance of gradual retirement. To our surprise, we find that the prevalence of continued work after career employment, predominantly on bridge jobs with new employers, is very similar in the two sectors, a result with important implications in a rapidly aging society.