bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Politeness strategies and the representation of women in the Holy Qur’an
Authors: Al Momani Kawakib , Migdadi Fathi , Rabab’a Eman 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The goal of this study is to examine the strategies of politeness used in the Qur’an, the holy book of Muslims, to address and represent women. Women have been represented negatively in many different types of texts through face-threatening acts that sustain masculine power and hegemony. This study attempts to investigate the image of women in the most sacred book of Muslims. Two aspects are examined herein: the representation of women in relation to sensitive issues like sex and marriage, and the forms of address and reference to women. A qualitative approach is used to provide interpretations of the hidden meanings in the selected excerpts, adopting Brown and Levinson’s theory of politeness and Leech’s maxims of politeness as the guides for the analysis. The analysis has revealed that women all through Qur’an have been addressed and referred to decently and politely. Unlike most of the other topics where bald-on-record strategies are used, the use of off-record strategies and positive and negative face strategies of politeness have been found to be dominant in discussion of issues relevant to women. These strategies have been used to avoid unpleasant communication in spiritual issues, and also to avoid misrepresentation of women, demeaning of their persons, causing any embarrassment, and thereby saving the face of both women and recipients. However, bald-on-record strategies are sometimes used in topics related to legal matters concerning familial and social unity and solidarity. The analysis has demonstrated the means by which language is used in the Glorious Qur’an to courteously address women. Concerning interpersonal maxims, the approbation, modesty, sympathy, tact, and agreement maxims have shown to be evident in addressing and referring to women. This study will contribute to the field of pragmatics and will lead to cross-religious and cross-cultural understanding during a period where Islam and its teachings are being widely questioned and examined.
A test for detecting differential indirect trans effects between two groups of samples
Authors: Chaturvedi Nimisha , Menezes Renée X. de , Goeman Jelle J. , Wieringen Wessel van 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Integrative analysis of copy number and gene expression data can help in understanding the cis and trans effect of copy number aberrations on transcription levels of genes involved in a pathway. To analyse how these copy number mediated gene-gene interactions differ between groups of samples we propose a new method, named dNET. Our method uses ridge regression to model the network topology involving one gene’s expression level, its gene dosage and the expression levels of other genes in the network. The interaction parameters are estimated by fitting the model per gene for all samples together. However, instead of testing for differential network topology per gene, dNET tests for an overall difference in estimated parameters between two groups of samples and produces a single p-value. With the help of several simulation studies, we show that dNET can detect differential network nodes with high accuracy and low rate of false positives even in the presence of differential cis effects. We also apply dNET to publicly available TCGA cancer datasets and identify pathways where copy number mediated gene-gene interactions differ between samples with cancer stage lower than stage 3 and samples with cancer stage 3 or above.
BACE1 Regulates Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation of Newborn Cells in the Adult Hippocampus in Mice
Authors: Chatila Zena K. , Kim Eunhee , Berlé Clara , Bylykbashi Enjana , Rompala Alexander , Oram Mary K. , Gupta Drew , Kwak Sang Su , Kim Young Hye , Kim Doo Yeon , Choi Se Hoon , Tanzi Rudolph E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstractβ-Site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is required for the production of β-amyloid (Aβ), one of the major pathogenic molecules of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and is therefore being actively pursued as a drug target for AD. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is a lifelong process that is known to be important for learning and memory and may have the potential to regenerate damaged neural tissue. In this study, we examined whether BACE1 regulates AHN, which holds important implications for its suitability as a drug target in AD. Cohorts of 2-month-old wild-type (BACE1+/+), heterozygous, and homozygous BACE1 knockout mice (BACE1+/–and BACE1–/–, respectively) were injected with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and sacrificed 1 day later to examine the impact of loss of BACE1 on neural precursor cell (NPC) proliferation in the adult brain. Parallel cohorts of mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after BrdU injection to determine the effects of BACE1 on survival and differentiation of newborn NPCs. We found that NPC proliferation was increased in BACE1–/–mice compared to BACE1+/+mice, while no difference was observed in NPC survival across genotypes. Differentiation of NPCs to neuronal lineage was impaired in BACE1–/–mice. However, no differences were observed in astrogenesis, the proportion of immature neurons, or the production of oligodendrocytes across genotypes. Importantly, corresponding with a decrease in neuronal differentiation in the absence of a complementary increase in an alternate cell fate, BACE1–/–mice were found to have a pool of undifferentiated NPCs in the hippocampus compared to BACE1+/+and BACE1+/–mice.
Nausea-Induced 5-HT Release in the Interoceptive Insular Cortex and Regulation by Monoacylglycerol Lipase (MAGL) Inhibition and Cannabidiol
Authors: Limebeer Cheryl L. , Rock Erin M. , Sharkey Keith A. , Parker Linda A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing the rat conditioned gaping model of nausea, the interoceptive insular cortex (IIC) has been identified as a critical site for the regulation of lithium chloride (LiCl)-induced nausea. Indirect evidence supports a model where serotonin (5-HT) acts on postsynaptic 5-HT3receptors and its release is suppressed by elevating 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) by monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition to suppress nausea. Here, we directly test the hypothesis that systemic LiCl elevates 5-HT in the IIC, and this is prevented by pretreatments that reduce 5-HT release. Using male Sprague Dawley rats, LiCl (but not saline), elevated 5-HT selectively in the IIC, for 20 min after LiCl administration (127.2 mg/kg, i.p.). Systemic pretreatment with the MAGL inhibitor, MJN110, prevented the LiCl-induced elevation of 5-HT in the IIC. Systemic cannabidiol (CBD), which reduces LiCl-induced nausea by acting at 5-HT1Asomatodendritic autoreceptors, also prevented LiCl-induced elevation of 5-HT in the IIC. Since 5-HT3receptor agonists delivered to the IIC produce nausea, we tested and confirmed the hypothesis that the intra-IIC administration of 5-HT3receptor antagonist, ondansetron, but not MJN110, would prevent LiCl-induced conditioned gaping reactions produced by intra-IIC administration of the 5-HT3receptor agonist,m-chlorophenylbiguanide (mCPBG). Finally, we demonstrate that exposure to a LiCl-paired flavor (but not a saline-paired flavor) produces elevated 5-HT release in the IIC, while rats display conditioned gaping reactions. These results confirm that LiCl-induced nausea is triggered by elevated 5-HT release in the IIC and is attenuated by treatments that reduce 5-HT availability in this region.
Complex Haplotypes of GSTM1 Gene Deletions Harbor Signatures of a Selective Sweep in East Asian Populations
Authors: Saitou M , Satta Y , Gokcumen O 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The deletion of the metabolizing Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 (GSTM1) gene has been associated with multiple cancers, metabolic and autoimmune disorders, as well as drug response. It is unusually common, with allele frequency reaching up to 75% in some human populations. Such high allele frequency of a derived allele with apparent impact on an otherwise conserved gene is a rare phenomenon. To investigate the evolutionary history of this locus, we analyzed 310 genomes using population genetics tools. Our analysis revealed a surprising lack of linkage disequilibrium between the deletion and the flanking single nucleotide variants in this locus. Tests that measure extended homozygosity and rapid change in allele frequency revealed signatures of an incomplete sweep in the locus. Using empirical approaches, we identified the Tanuki haplogroup, which carries the GSTM1 deletion and is found in approximately 70% of East Asian chromosomes. This haplogroup has rapidly increased in frequency in East Asian populations, contributing to a high population differentiation among continental human groups. We showed that extended homozygosity and population differentiation for this haplogroup is incompatible with simulated neutral expectations in East Asian populations. In parallel, we found that the Tanuki haplogroup is significantly associated with the expression levels of other GSTM genes. Collectively, our results suggest that standing variation in this locus has likely undergone an incomplete sweep in East Asia with regulatory impact on multiple GSTM genes. Our study provides the necessary framework for further studies to elucidate the evolutionary reasons that maintain disease-susceptibility variants in the GSTM1 locus.
How can assessment systems be used to evaluate healthcare activities in the care farms?
Authors: Salvatore F. P. , Contò F. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose – to identify in the literature the main activities of Social Agriculture and elaborate a framework easily readable to manage them.
Design/Method/Approach –systematic literature review.
Findings. Formulation of an interpretative framework for evaluation and management of the existing Social Agriculture actions trough a system-describing pattern.
Theoretical implications. Care farms are the most innovative expressions of the agriculture multifunctional. Through the development of complementary activities related to the production of food, they represent an opportunity to discover the innumerable resources of the rural world. An assessment system of the care farming activities, allows for reaching a clear definition of the services for the citizens.
Practical implications. Individuals can use Social Agriculture as a way out of job-related stress. Firms, local, and national authorities should evaluate, support, and manage Social Agriculture.
Originality/Value. This study for the first time concludes that the rural context and agricultural process are the drivers to promote social integration in the communities. Therefore, the meaning of the Social Agriculture assessment systems obtaining a great importance both for the value' increase of the farmer and for the increase of support for social policies in marginal areas.
Future research. The prospects for further studies are: future research about measures to evaluate Social Agriculture activities; tools to improve the decision-making process about future scenarios of the care processes for the society; improved services to avoid the worsening of population health status and thus, improving the process of defining social policies.
Paper type – conceptual.
Indústria cultural e distração concentrada: as plataformas digitais e o ensino personalizado
Authors: Castro Camila Sandim de , Soares Zuin Antônio Álvaro 
Published: July 2018

A cultura digital se faz cada vez mais presente nas salas de aula por meio do uso de recursos tecnológicos, tais como as plataformas digitais de ensino e aprendizagem. De fato, professores têm utilizado tais recursos principalmente com a intenção de atenuar determinados impasses educacionais, tal como o desinteresse discente pela transmissão dos conteúdos das disciplinas escolares. Contudo, os mesmos aparelhos utilizados na educação como tentativa de sanar tais impasses estão contribuindo para acentuar a falta de concentração de professores e alunos em suas atividades escolares. Um dos motivos é a utilização irrefletida dessas plataformas, dentre as quais se destaca a Geekie. Através do chamado ensino personalizado, esta plataforma tem atingido um número crescente de professores e alunos ao oferecer diversas opções de ensino e aprendizagem virtual. Diante desse contexto, os autores deste artigo têm como objetivo discutir os efeitos da utilização acrítica das plataformas digitais de ensino e aprendizagem para o processo formativo dos agentes educacionais, principalmente por meio da promoção do ensino personalizado.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Tecnologia educacional; Formação cultural; Indústria Cultural.
İşitme Engelli Öğrenciler için Çokgenler ve Özellikleri
Authors: GÜREFE Nejla 
Published: July 2018

Öğrencilerin matematiksel kavramlar hakkında ne
düşündüğü, ne kadar bilgi sahibi olduğu
ve varsa kavram yanılgılarının neler olduğunun belirlenmesi onların öğrenme
ortamların istenilen şekilde düzenlenmesinde oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma ile
de işitme engelli öğrencilerin çokgenler ve özellikleri hakkında sahip olduğu
bilgilerin ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada işitme engelli
öğrencilerin çokgenleri açıklarken onların kenar, açı, köşe, döndürülmesi,
şekilsel özellik, düzlemde ayırdığı bölgeler ve farklı geometrik şekillerin
birleşimi şeklindeki özelliklerinden bahsettikleri, geometrik cisimlerden koni,
silindir ve küpe, çokgen olmayan geometrik şekillerden açıya bir çokgen gibi
davrandıkları görülmüştür. Bu özellikleri açıklarken kimi zaman kavramların
günlük konuşma dilindeki anlamları ile bir açıklamada bulundukları
belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çokgen olarak belirttikleri üçgen, dikdörtgen ve karenin
belli bir açı ile döndürülmesi durumunda şekillerin farklı bir çokgene
dönüştüklerini belirtmişlerdir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular ışığında
öğretmenlerin sınıf ortamında, matematiksel kavramları ifade ederken
kullandıkları kelimelere, açıklamalara dikkat etmeleri ve şekillerin farklı
konumlardaki şekillerini, temsillerini de göstermesi önerilmektedir.
Comparison of Refractive Results IOL Calculation Using the IV Generation Formulas in Cases of Previous Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Shilovskih O. V. , Ulyanov A. N. , Kremeshkov M. V. , Titarenko E. M. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:Comparison of refractive results calculation of IOL optical power calculated with the IV-generation formula in patients after a previously performed radial keratotomy and to determine the relationship of these results to modern standards of error calculation of the IOL optical power in cases of age-related cataract surgery.Patients and methods. The study group consisted of patients after radial keratotomy caused by myopia and myopic astigmatism. Retrospectively data of 47 cases were analyzed (42 patients), 13 women and 29 men. The average age — 58.9 years (range 44 to 64 years). Patients were operated on the basis of the Ekaterinburg center of IRTC “Eye microsurgery” phacoemulsification through incisions not intersecting radial scars of the cornea. The calculation of the IOL optical power was performed according to IV generation formula: II Holladay (Iol consultant HicSoap Pro) and Olsen (PhacoOptics,) built-in software Scheimpflug camera Oculus Pentacam. The formula was chosen with calculation that it covers the whole spectrum range of optical cornea and front-back axle of all patients in this sample. Refractive outcome was taken into account in one month or more after surgery.Results. Refractive error in case of calculation with formula Holladay II ±0.50 diopter was in 74% cases; ±1.00 diopter — in 92%, the average refractive error in calculation with the IOL optical power was 0.5 ± 1,2 diopters. Refractive error in the calculation with the Olsen formula was ±0.50 diopters in 75%; ±1.00 diopter — in 90% cases, the average refractive error of calculation the IOL optical power was 0.4 ± 1.3 diopters.Сonclusions.Refractive results of calculating the optical power IOL in cases after radial keratotomy using the formula IV generation (Olsen — Phaco Optics and Holladay II — HicSoap Pro), provide achievement of modern standards of error in the calculation of IOLs.
Detection of the Risk Factors for Postoperative Asthenopia in Patients with Refractive Disorders
Authors: Mushkova I. A. , Maychuk N. V. , Karimova A. N. , Shamsetdinova L. T. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to identify risk factors for the development of asthenopic syndrome (AS) in patients with moderate to high myopia after keratorefractive surgery (KRS).Materials and methods. 122 patients (244 eyes) with medium and high myopia underwent a standard pre-operative examination of patients before KRS. The special methods of examinations were the study of reserves of relative accommodation (RRA) and the volume of absolute accommodation (VAA), and the accomodomography; the vision characteristics was determined on a four-point color test by E.B. Belostotsky, S.Y. Friedman. at distances of 5.00 and 0.33 m, fusional reserves — with synoptophor. Patients survey was held with CISS questionnaire to detect the presence of AS.Results: There were no complications after KRS in all cases. Uncorrected visual acuity was the same or higher than maximal corrected before surgery in 1 week after KRS. Patents were divided into 2 groups according to results of CISS survey: 88% — without AS, 12% — with signs of AS. Retrospective analysis of pre-operative data of the patients with AS has shown that a combination of an absence of binocular vision with a pronounced decrease in fusion reserves, reserves of relative accommodation and volume of absolute accommodation is prognostically unfavorable factors in patients with myopia.Conclusion: All patients with moderate and high myopia have the refractive errors, there is no binocular vision in 12.3% patients. More significant errors of accommodation and binocular function were registered in patients with postoperative AS vs. patients without AS. Low fusion reserves and absence of binocular vision don’t allow to adopt for KRS results. This group of patients should be separated for pre-operative functional preparation.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Results of Microinvasive Posterior Vitrectomy in the Surgical Treatment of Non-Full Thickness Macular Holes
Authors: Bayborodov Y. V. , Zhogolev K. S. , Balashevich L. I. , Panova I. E. , Mirsaitova D. R. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:to study the effectiveness of the posterior microinvasive vitrectomy in the surgical treatment of non-full thickness macular holes on the basis of the retrospective analysis of the retina changes, identified by OCT, and functional outcomes of surgical treatment.Patients and Methods. A retrospective analysis of outcomes of posterior microinvasive vitrectomy was performed in 30 patients operated about non-full thickness macular holes. The following features were assessed: maximum diameter of the non-full thickness macular holes, the diameter at the base of the hole, the minimum thickness of the retina before and after operation, the maximum thickness of the retina before and after surgery. In addition, the configuration of the hole edges before surgery, the presence of intraretinal cysts before and after surgery, the integrity of the ellipsoid zone of the photoreceptors before and after the operation and the restoration of fovea centralis as a result of surgical treatment were assessed.Results. As a result of surgical treatment the closure of non-full thickness macular holes was reached in all cases. The most corrected visual acuity in the postoperative period was ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 (0,66 ± 0,04). The visual acuity improved in 20 cases (64.5%), remained at the same level in 8 cases (25.8%) and decreased in 3 cases (9.6%, in 1 case due to the development of cataracts). The results of correlation analysis has allowed to establish correlation between the initial BCVA and the maximum retinal thickness (R = –0.4), and residual retinal thickness in the area of the hole (R = –0.3). The increase in visual acuity after surgical treatment significantly affected the recovery of the ellipsoid zone of the photoreceptors (RD = 0.833), regression of the retinal thickness (R = 0.42). In addition, the initial diameter of non-full thickness macular holes, both external and at the base, also had an impact on the increase in BCVA (R = –0.3 and R = –0.25, respectively).Conclusion. Posterior microinvasive vitrectomy in the surgical treatment of non-full thickness macular holes is a highly effective method of treatment, as evidenced by the closure of the defect and improvement or stabilization of the most corrected visual acuity 90.4% cases. On the basis of the retrospective analysis it is found that the most significant increase in the most corrected visual acuity was increased in patients with low visual acuity. The recovery of the ellipsoid zone of photoreceptors, regression of the retinal thickness and the diameter of non-full thickness macular holes, both external and at the base mostly influences nn the recovery of the most corrected visual acuity.
Modern Technologies in the Examination of Patients with Optic Nerve Atrophy Due to Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ioyleva E. E. , Krivosheeva M. S. , Markova E. Yu. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose: to develop an algorithm for testing patients with optic nerve atrophy due to MS using microperimetry with the different functional disorders.Patients and Methods. There were 20 patients (40 eyes) with the correct diagnosis of MS at the age of 33 ± 1.88 years in the study. The BCVA was from 0.1 to 1.0. Microperimetry was done on MP-1 (Nidek technologies, Vigonza, Italy) with the definition of mean sensitivity, stability and type of fixation. We chose the parameters of microperimetry: the research program, the size of the stimulus, the fixation mark and the test mode.Results. The best program for diagnosing central visual field defects was the program macula 12° 10 dB, for paracentral visual field defects – retina 40° 20 dB. The testing was conducted by using a standard stimulus Goldmann III, mark and survey mode is selected individually, according at the various types of functional disorders. The visual acuity was from 0.1 to 0.4 in 11 eyes with optic nerve atrophy. There were revealed absolute or relative defects of the central field of vision and the decreasing of mean sensitivity to 8.21 ± 2.3 dB, unstable central fixation — 71.18 ± 10, 3%. In 29 eyes with optic nerve atrophy and visual acuity 0.5–1.0 have been identified relative small central visual field defects and paracentral visual field defects in the inferior side with a decrease in sensitivity to 15,32 ± 0,84 dB in the area of 6° from the fixing point, stable central fixation 88,96 ± 2,9%.Conclusion. The authors developed an algorithm for testing patients with optic nerve atrophy due to MS. Using the algorithm identified the central and paracentral visual field defects with the decrease in the mean sensitivity.