bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CDR1as is overexpressed in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma to promote the tumour’s progression via miR‐7 signals
Authors: Zhang Jianzhong , Hu Huayong , Zhao Yaoxin , Zhao Yulin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the roles played by the circular RNA (circRNA) molecule ciRS‑7 (CDR1as) and tumour suppressor miRNA‐7 (miR‐7) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).MethodsSpecimens of LSCC tissue (n = 30) and corresponding relative normal tissue (n = 30) were collected to determine their levels and clinical significance of CDR1as/mir‐7 expression. The CDR1as and miR‐7 were overexpressed in LSCC cells to investigate its function and mechanism in vitro and in vivo.ResultsPatients with high TNM stages, poorly differentiated tumours, lymph node metastases and poor prognosis had high CDR1as levels but low miR‐7 levels. CDR1 expression was negatively associated with miR‐7 expression in LSCC. Overexpression of CDR1as in vitro enhanced cell vitality, and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of two LSCC cell lines (Hep2 and AMC‐HN‐8.) However, these effects could be abrogated by knockdown of CDR1as or the forced expression of miR‐7. Mechanistically, overexpressed CDR1 molecules functioned as miR‐7 sponges and upregulated the key targets of miR‐7, CCNE1, and PIK3CD in Hep2 and AMC‐HN‐8 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated the tumourigenic role of CDR1as. Overexpression of CDR1as alone promoted tumour growth and increased expression of the proliferation indices ki‐67, CCNE1, and PIK3CD. Although the tumour suppressor miR‐7 effectively inhibited the tumour growth, this effect could be counteracted by co‐treatment with CDR1as in vivo.ConclusionCDR1as is an oncogene that promotes LSCC progression by regulating miR‐7 signals.
Withstanding the test of time: Multisensory cues improve the delayed retention of incidental learning
Authors: Broadbent Hannah J. , Osborne Tamsin , Mareschal Denis , Kirkham Natasha Z. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMultisensory tools are commonly employed within educational settings (e.g. Carter & Stephenson, ), and there is a growing body of literature advocating the benefits of presenting children with multisensory information over unisensory cues for learning (Baker & Jordan, ; Jordan & Baker, ). This is even the case when the informative cues are only arbitrarily related (Broadbent, White, Mareschal, & Kirkham, ). However, the delayed retention of learning following exposure to multisensory compared to unisensory cues has not been evaluated, and has important implications for the utility of multisensory educational tools. This study examined the retention of incidental categorical learning in 5‐, 7‐ and 9‐year‐olds (N = 181) using either unisensory or multisensory cues. Results found significantly greater retention of learning following multisensory cue exposure than with unisensory information when category knowledge was tested following a 24‐hour period of delay. No age‐related changes were found, suggesting that multisensory information can facilitate the retention of learning across this age range.
“Whatever I Have to Do That's Right:” Culture and the Precariousness of Personhood in a Poor Urban Neighborhood
Authors: Lowe Edward D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article presents a person‐centered case study of one woman's struggles to realize a meaningful sense of personhood in a low‐income urban neighborhood in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. An analysis of longitudinal ethnographic data for this case reveals how everyday aspirations toward a morally resonant lived‐sense of personhood were informed by a core assemblage of three cultural models: “providing” and “being there” as a parent and doing so within a framework of “defensive individualism.” This assemblage of cultural models was particularly compelling because of a combination of the embodied residue of childhood experiences and moments of “moral breakdown” in adult life. The experiences of moral breakdown were particularly meaningful because recurrent episodes of material hardship constantly threatening to upend past efforts to realize a meaningful sense of personhood in everyday life, in turn, generated a constant effort to reclaim and repair the symbolic markers of an achieved personhood that had been lost. These observations point to a precariousness of personhood that seemed to further motivate an investment in a self‐definition in terms of this combination of cultural models.
DNA recognition by Arabidopsis transcription factors ABI3 and NGA1
Authors: Sasnauskas Giedrius , Manakova Elena , Lapėnas Kęstutis , Kauneckaitė Kotryna , Siksnys Virginijus 
Published: September 2018

B3 transcription factors constitute a large plant‐specific protein superfamily, which plays a central role in plant life. Family members are characterized by the presence of B3 DNA‐binding domains (DBDs). To date, only a few B3 DBDs were structurally characterized; therefore, the DNA recognition mechanism of other family members remains to be elucidated. Here, we analyze DNA recognition mechanism of two structurally uncharacterized B3 transcription factors, ABI3 and NGA1. Guided by the structure of the DNA‐bound B3 domain of Arabidopsis transcriptional repressor VAL1, we have performed mutational analysis of the ABI3 B3 domain. We demonstrate that both VAL1‐B3 and ABI3‐B3 recognize the Sph/RY DNA sequence 5′‐TGCATG‐3′ via a conserved set of base‐specific contacts. We have also solved a 1.8 Å apo‐structure of NGA1‐B3, DBD of Arabidopsis transcription factor NGA1. We show that NGA1‐B3, like the structurally related RAV1‐B3 domain, is specific for the 5′‐CACCTG‐3′ DNA sequence, albeit tolerates single base pair substitutions at the 5′‐terminal half of the recognition site. Employing distance‐dependent fluorophore quenching, we show that NGA1‐B3 binds the asymmetric recognition site in a defined orientation, with the ‘N‐arm’ and ‘C‐arm’ structural elements interacting with the 5′‐ and 3′‐terminal nucleotides of the 5′‐CACCTG‐3′ sequence, respectively. Mutational analysis guided by the model of DNA‐bound NGA1‐B3 helped us identify NGA1‐B3 residues involved in base‐specific and DNA backbone contacts, providing new insights into the mechanism of DNA recognition by plant B3 domains of RAV and REM families.DatabasesRCSB Protein Data Bank, accession number 5OS9.
Pervasive effects of drought on tree growth across a wide climatic gradient in the temperate forests of the Caucasus
Authors: Martin‐Benito Dario , Pederson Neil , Köse Nesibe , Doğan Mehmet , Bugmann Harald , Mosulishvili Marine , Bigler Christof 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe Caucasus is a global biodiversity hotspot that includes a wide diversity of temperate forests, from xeric to mesic and rain forest. Little is known about their vulnerability to climate change. We aimed to identify the major climate constraints on tree growth.LocationWestern Caucasus of Georgia, Russia and Turkey (40–43° N, 41–43° E).Time periodTwentieth century.Major taxa studiedTrees, angiosperms and gymnosperms.MethodsWe used a new network of 35 tree‐ring width chronologies from four angiosperm and four gymnosperm species across an elevational gradient of > 2,000 m. We used correlations to identify the major climate factors (temperature, precipitation and drought) at monthly and seasonal scales affecting tree growth and to assess whether their effects change over time. To explore common response patterns among species, we used self‐organizing maps, a type of artificial neural network.ResultsSpring or summer drought reduced radial growth of most tree species, despite large differences in elevation. As expected, drought was particularly detrimental at warm, low‐elevation sites. Besides drought, growth of conifers at high elevations was also limited by cold winters and summers. Important species‐specific climate–growth responses were also evident. In general, climate–growth relationships were stable over time, except at some cold‐limited sites, where positive responses to summer and winter temperatures have diminished over the last few decades.Main conclusionGrowth responses to precipitation and drought among species were more similar than they were to temperature, even at humid sites, providing further evidence of drought vulnerability in mesic forests. The productivity of high‐elevation conifer forests, limited by summer drought and low temperatures, will depend on the balance between temperature and precipitation. Given that climate change is expected to induce larger climatic gradients in the region, the potential reduction of forest cover at a regional scale would make the conservation of these mesic forests more essential.
Public funding of higher education: Who gains, who loses?
Authors: Reis Ana Balcão 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the effects of public funding of higher education on individuals’ welfare, taking into account the hierarchical nature of the education system and the fact that parents may complement basic public education with private tutoring. Although public funding financed by a proportional income tax increases access to higher education, some of the agents who gain access lose in welfare terms. Moreover, it is shown that the marginal agent regarding access to higher education would always prefer a pure private funding system in which he would not send his offspring to higher education but would also not pay tuition fees or pay taxes.
Towards improving the nutrition and health of the aged: the role of sprouted grains and encapsulation of bioactive compounds in functional bread – a review
Authors: Amoah Isaac , Cairncross Carolyn , Sturny Arno , Rush Elaine 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAging reduces the absorption of nutrients. Literature related to functional bread processing techniques including sprouting of grains and the application of encapsulation technology and the bioavailability of bioactives was reviewed. Functional ingredients including sprouted/germinated grain particularly brown rice and wheat flours enhance the bioactive properties of functional bread. Ingredients with high polyphenol content such as lavender and melissa by‐products, tea‐extracts and aronia powder enhance the bioactive content and appear to have a favourable effect on the shelf‐life of bread and antioxidant status of consumers. Incorporation of encapsulated bioactive compounds into bread have a huge potential to improve the bread quality and increase the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds including polyphenols. More investigations and new areas of research should focus on sprouted grain flours and the application of encapsulation technologies especially nanoencapsulation to optimize the bioactivity, storage, bioavailability and nutritional profile of bread to improve nutrition and health with aging.
Tudor knockdown disrupts ovary development in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Xie Y.‐F. , Shang F. , Ding B.‐Y. , Wu Y.‐B. , Niu J.‐Z. , Wei D. , Dou W. , Christiaens O. , Smagghe G. , Wang J.‐J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne of the main functions of the piwi‐interacting RNA pathway is the post‐transcriptional silencing of transposable elements in the germline of many species. In insects, proteins belonging to the Tudor superfamily proteins belonging to the Tudor superfamily play an important role in to play an important role in this mechanism. In this study, we identified the tudor gene in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, investigated the spatiotemporal expressional profile of the gene, and performed a functional analysis using RNA interference. We identified one transcript for a tudor homologue in the B. dorsalis transcriptome, which encodes a protein containing the typical 10 Tudor domains and an Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase delta subunit signature. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the identity of this transcript as a tudor homologue in this species. The expression profile indicated a much higher expression in the adult and pupal stages compared to the larval stages (up to a 60‐fold increase), and that the gene was mostly expressed in the ovaries, Malpighian tubules and fat body. Finally, gene knockdown of tudor in B. dorsalis led to clearly underdeveloped ovaries in the female adult and reductions in copulation rate and amount of oviposition, indicating its important role in reproduction. The results of this study shed more light on the role of tudor in ovary development and reproduction.
What if I cannot choose wisely? Addressing suboptimal health literacy in our patients to reduce over‐diagnosis and overtreatment
Authors: Jessup Rebecca L. , Buchbinder Rachelle 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Choosing Wisely initiative aims to reduce wasteful and harmful healthcare by encouraging clinicians and patients to discuss explicitly the healthcare that is really needed as well as that which is of low or no value. While low health literacy has been found to be associated with under‐diagnosis and under‐treatment, its potential role as a driver of over‐diagnosis and overtreatment has received less attention. This article describes how low health literacy might lead to too much medicine. It then provides an overview of an evidence‐based method of communication that might assist with identifying and addressing low health literacy in patients.
sRANKL and its correlation with metabolic syndrome parameters in children
Authors: Serrano‐Piña Rodrigo , Trujillo‐Güiza Martha Liliana , Scougall Vilchis Rogelio J. , Layton‐Tovar Cristian F. , Mendieta‐Zerón Hugo 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundActivating receptor ligand for nuclear factor (RANKL) has been identified as a ligand attached to the cell membrane of osteoblasts and odontoclasts.AimTo determine a possible association of sRANKL in saliva and serum with the parameters of metabolic syndrome (MS) in paediatric population aged 8‐12 years.DesignThis was a clinical, analytical and comparative study. Students between 6 and 12 years with good oral hygiene were included. Anthropometry, clinical analysis, dentobacterial plaque registration were registered as well as sRANKL in total saliva and serum through the ELISA technique.ResultsA total of 43 children were enrolled, with a mean age of 9.7 (±0.8 years). Contrasting the groups by the presence or absence of the waist circumference above the normal limit, the difference in serum sRANKL concentration was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). A negative statistical significance was found in the correlation between serum sRANKL and HDLc (r2 = −0.310, P = 0.046). Saliva sRANKL did not show statistical difference between neither gender nor body mass index and was not correlated with any parameter of the MS.ConclusionsA good oral hygiene seems to avoid the effects of MS on the oral cavity.
Nonpharmacological treatment for individuals with intellectual disability and “personality disorder”
Authors: Williams Emma M. , Rose John 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundResearch exploring nonpharmacological interventions for individuals with intellectual disability and personality disorder was reviewed. This should prove valuable to services and professionals contemplating how to offer interventions for these individuals.MethodA systematic search of electronic databases was conducted. Articles were considered for inclusion according to criteria based on the PICOS model. The quality of the research was assessed utilizing the evaluative method for determining evidence‐based practice.ResultsEleven studies were reviewed with quality assessment indicating that all provided weak research evidence. Consistent flaws included insufficient description of participants and lack of control groups.ConclusionsThe research base exploring nonpharmacological interventions for individuals with intellectual disabilities and personality disorder includes many methodological flaws but reveals some useful information regarding the characteristics of these individuals and components of interventions to support them. Further research is needed to identify the differential effectiveness of interventions over and above other confounding factors.
Flow rate of depuration system has minimal impact on Vibrio parahaemolyticus decontamination in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Ming Ziwen , Su Yi‐Cheng , DeWitt Christina M. , Waite‐Cusic Joy 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections in the United States have been linked to consumption of raw oysters. Depuration has the potential to reduce contamination in live oysters after harvest. This study investigated the impact of depuration flow rate to reduce V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters. Pacific oysters (n = 35 per trial) were inoculated with a cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus (10290, 10292, 10293, BE 98‐2029, and 027‐1c1) in freshly prepared artificial seawater (70 L). The inoculated oysters were depurated with flow rates of 15, 20, 25, and 35 L/min at 12.5 °C for up to 5 days and V. parahaemolyticus contamination was determined using a three‐tube most probable number (MPN) method. V. parahaemolyticus reductions were as flow rate moderately increased from 15 L/min (2.39 log MPN/g reduction in 5 days) to 35 L/min (3.39 log MPN/g reduction). These results suggest that depuration efficacy can be enhanced by increasing depuration flow rate to 35 L/min.Practical applications
Vibrio parahaemolyticus can contaminate raw shellfish, including oysters, during their production and lead to outbreaks of foodborne illness. Depuration, a post‐harvest process, may be used by the shellfish industry to reduce the persistence of V. parahaemolyticus. Previous studies have demonstrated that the depuration process can reduce V. parahaemolyticus in oysters; however, further optimization of the process is necessary to achieve US Food Drug Administration's targeted reduction goal (>3.52 log MPN/g). This study evaluated the impact of depuration flow rate on the reduction of V. parahaemolyticus in Pacific oysters. Increasing flow rates (15–35 L/min) during depuration enhanced the clearance of V. parahaemolyticus in these oysters; however, these conditions were unable to consistently achieve the target of >3.52 log MPN/g reduction. This study provides a reference for the industry on the variability of V. parahaemolyticus in individual oysters and demonstrates that practical modifications (i.e., flow rate) can be implemented in depuration systems to maximize bacterial clearance.
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Risk Factors in Holocaust Survivors in Israel
Authors: Zamstein Omri , Biderman Aya , Sherf Michael , David Ran Ben , Dreiher Jacob 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in Holocaust survivors with that of Jewish immigrants from Europe and America.DesignPopulation‐based, cross‐sectional study.SettingClalit, a large Israeli healthcare provider.ParticipantsHolocaust survivors (n=83,971) and a comparison group of Jewish individuals born in North or South America or European countries not under Nazi occupation or who immigrated to Israel before 1939 (n=16,058) (mean age 84±7, 61% female)MeasurementsUnivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors. Matching the comparison group to Holocaust Survivors on propensity scores for exposure.ResultsThe prevalence of ischemic heart disease (38.7% vs 31.3%), congestive heart failure (10.9% vs 9.1%), past stroke (15.7% vs 13.4%), and peripheral vascular disease (9.5% vs 7.9%) was higher in Holocaust survivors (p<.001 for all comparisons). Similar results were found for cardiovascular risk factors (diabetes mellitus (14.4% vs 13.6%), hypertension (89.3% vs 86.4%), dyslipidemia (75.9% vs 74.0%) (p<.001 for all comparisons). In multivariable analysis, matched on propensity scores and controlled for confounders, odds ratios for men and women were higher for diabetes (1.23, 1.55), dyslipidemia (1.53, 1.51), hypertension (1.56 , 1.94), stroke (1.18, 1.17), and ischemic heart disease (1.18, 1,40), but not congestive heart failure (0.95, 1.02). A Positive association was noted for peripheral vascular disease in males (1.20) but not females (0.96).ConclusionPrevalence of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors was higher in Holocaust survivors. These associations were stronger in women in most cases.
Altered excitability and exocytosis in chromaffin cells from the R6/1 mouse model of Huntington's disease is linked to over‐expression of mutated huntingtin
Authors: Martínez‐Ramírez Carmen , Baraibar Andrés M. , Nanclares Carmen , Méndez‐López Iago , Gómez Ana , Muñoz Mᵃ Paz , de Diego Antonio M. G. , Gandía Luis , Casarejos María José , García Antonio G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAs the peripheral sympathoadrenal axis is tightly controlled by the cortex via hypothalamus and brain stem, the central pathological features of Hunting's disease, (HD) that is, deposition of mutated huntingtin and synaptic dysfunctions, could also be expressed in adrenal chromaffin cells. To test this hypothesis we here present a thorough investigation on the pathological and functional changes undergone by chromaffin cells (CCs) from 2‐month (2 m) to 7‐month (7 m) aged wild‐type (WT) and R6/1 mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD), stimulated with acetylcholine (ACh) or high [K+] (K+). In order to do this, we used different techniques such as inmunohistochemistry, patch‐clamp, and amperometric recording. With respect to WT cells, some of the changes next summarized were already observed in HD mice at a pre‐disease stage (2 m); however, they were more pronounced at 7 m when motor deficits were clearly established, as follows: (i) huntingtin over‐expression as nuclear aggregates in CCs; (ii) smaller CC size with decreased dopamine β‐hydroxylase expression, indicating lesser number of chromaffin secretory vesicles; (iii) reduced adrenal tissue catecholamine content; (iv) reduced Na+ currents with (v) membrane hyperpolarization and reduced ACh‐evoked action potentials; (v) reduced [Ca2+]c transients with faster Ca2+ clearance; (vi) diminished quantal secretion with smaller vesicle quantal size; (vii) faster kinetics of the exocytotic fusion pore, pore expansion, and closure. On the basis of these data, the hypothesis is here raised in the sense that nuclear deposition of mutated huntingtin in adrenal CCs of R6/1 mice could be primarily responsible for poorer Na+ channel expression and function, giving rise to profound depression of cell excitability, altered Ca2+ handling and exocytosis.Open PracticesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14201.