bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing hydrogen‐dependent growth of and carbon dioxide fixation by Clostridium ljungdahlii through nitrate supplementation
Authors: Emerson David F. , Woolston Benjamin M. , Liu Nian , Donnelly Mackenzie , Currie Devin H. , Stephanopoulos Gregory 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSynthesis gas (syngas) fermentation via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway is receiving growing attention as a possible platform for the fixation of and renewable production of fuels and chemicals. However, the pathway operates near the thermodynamic limit of life, resulting in minimal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and long doubling times. This calls into question the feasibility of producing high‐energy compounds at industrially relevant levels. In this study, we investigated the possibility of co‐utilizing nitrate as an inexpensive additional electron acceptor to enhance ATP production during ‐dependent growth of Clostridium ljungdahlii, Moorella thermoacetica, and Acetobacterium woodii. In contrast to other acetogens tested, growth rate and final biomass titer were improved for C. ljungdahlii growing on a mixture of and when supplemented with nitrate. Transcriptomic analysis, labeling, and an electron balance were used to understand how electron flux was partitioned between and nitrate. We further show that, with nitrate supplementation, the ATP/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ratio and acetyl‐CoA pools were increased by fivefold and threefold, respectively, suggesting that this strategy could be useful for the production of ATP‐intensive heterologous products from acetyl‐CoA. Finally, we propose a pathway for enhanced ATP production from nitrate and use this as a basis to calculate theoretical yields for a variety of products. This study demonstrates a viable strategy for the decoupling of ATP production from carbon dioxide fixation, which will serve to significantly improve the fixation rate and the production metrics of other chemicals from and in this host.
Incorporating hydrodynamics into spatiotemporal metabolic models of bubble column gas fermentation
Authors: Li Xiangan , Griffin Derek , Li Xueliang , Henson Michael A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGas fermentation has emerged as a technologically and economically attractive option for producing renewable fuels and chemicals from carbon monoxide (CO) rich waste streams. LanzaTech has developed a proprietary strain of the gas fermentating acetogen Clostridium autoethanogenum as a microbial platform for synthesizing ethanol, 2,3‐butanediol, and other chemicals. Bubble column reactor technology is being developed for the large‐scale production, motivating the investigation of multiphase reactor hydrodynamics. In this study, we combined hydrodynamics with a genome‐scale reconstruction of C. autoethanogenum metabolism and multiphase convection–dispersion equations to compare the performance of bubble column reactors with and without liquid recycle. For both reactor configurations, hydrodynamics was predicted to diminish bubble column performance with respect to CO conversion, biomass production, and ethanol production when compared with bubble column models in which the gas phase was modeled as ideal plug flow plus axial dispersion. Liquid recycle was predicted to be advantageous by increasing CO conversion, biomass production, and ethanol and 2,3‐butanediol production compared with the non‐recycle reactor configuration. Parametric studies performed for the liquid recycle configuration with two‐phase hydrodynamics showed that increased CO feed flow rates (more gas supply), smaller CO gas bubbles (more gas–liquid mass transfer), and shorter column heights (more gas per volume of liquid per time) favored ethanol production over acetate production. Our computational results demonstrate the power of combining cellular metabolic models and two‐phase hydrodynamics for simulating and optimizing gas fermentation reactors.
Rational Design of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes for Selective Glutathione Sensing and Amplified Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Huang Tianci , Yu Qi , Liu Shujuan , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Huang Wei , Zhao Qiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIt is a huge challenge to avoid irreversible damage to normal tissues during irradiation in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer. An effective strategy is to develop smart photosensitizers, which exhibit amplified generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through triggering specific reaction in the tumor microenvironment. In this work, we designed a class of glutathione (GSH)‐activatable photosensitizers (Ir1 and Ir4) based on an effective strategy of GSH‐induced nucleophilic substitution reaction. The addition of GSH, induced changes in both phosphorescence intensity and lifetime of photosensitizers with high sensitivity. Importantly, the amount of singlet oxygen generated was increased significantly by GSH‐induced activation reaction. Hence, the photosensitizers can selectively distinguish cancer cells from normal cells through luminescence and lifetime imaging, and can amplify PDT effects in cancer cells, owing to the evidently higher level of GSH compared to normal cells. This work presents a novel paradigm for GSH‐amplified PDT against cancer cells and provides a new avenue for smart‐responsive theranostic systems that can avoid nonspecific damage to normal cells.
Self‐Supported Composition‐Tunable Au/PtPd Core/Shell Tri‐Metallic Nanowires for Boosting Alcohol Electrooxidation and Suzuki Coupling
Authors: Kuang Wen‐Tao , Jiang Ze‐Li , Li Hui , Zhang Jing‐Xuan , Zhou Lin‐Nan , Li Yong‐Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTri‐metallic nanowire catalysts combine the synergistic effect of multiple metals with the geometrical effect of nanowires, exhibiting better catalytic performance than composition‐equivalent nanospherical catalysts. However, tri‐metallic nanowires are not easily produced directly because of the participation of multiple precursors and the difficulty of selecting capping agents. Herein, we develop a one‐pot, two‐step synthetic strategy, producing tri‐metallic Au/PdPt core/shell nanowires. Moreover, the PdPt shell is an alloy composed of nanoparticles, and its Pd : Pt atomic ratio is easily adjusted by controlling reaction time. The formation of Au/PdPt nanowires is attributed to the initial formation of Au/Pd core/shell nanowire and subsequent galvanic replacement between Pd shell and PtCl62−. As‐prepared Au/PdPt nanowires show composition‐ and structure‐dependent catalytic activity and durability for the electrooxidation of methanol and ethanol, and the Suzuki coupling reaction. Optimized Au/Pd63Pt37 nanowire, due to its proper Pd : Pt atomic ratio and porosity of the PdPt shell, exhibits excellent catalytic activity and durability towards methanol and ethanol electrooxidation, ∼18 and 11 times in the specific activity better than that of commercial state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalyst, respectively. Moreover, Au/Pd63Pt37 nanowire shows the superior catalytic performance in Suzuki coupling reaction, ∼96 % at yield, far better than commercial state‐of‐the‐art Pd/C catalyst.
Peptide‐Templated Synthesis of TiO2 Nanofibers with Tunable Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Li Qing , Zhang Jiaxing , Wang Yuefei , Qi Wei , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNanofabrication based on biological templates has attracted considerable interest because of its applications in materials science and biomedicine. Herein, a facile method is reported for the synthesis of well‐defined TiO2 nanofibers by using a simple N‐(9‐fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)‐protected phenylalanine–phenylalanine–aspartic acid tripeptide (Fmoc‐Phe–Phe–Asp‐OH, Fmoc‐FFD) as the template. Compared with other synthetic methods of inorganic nanomaterials, these self‐assembling peptides could control the structure and the catalytic activity of the synthesized nanomaterials produced under mild synthetic conditions. The as‐synthesized peptide‐TiO2 hybrid nanofibers and the calcined TiO2 nanofibers were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that well‐defined TiO2 nanofibers could form when the pH of the peptide solution was 5–7, whereas nanoparticles formed when the pH was 8. Moreover, the peptide‐templated TiO2 nanofibers showed improved photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange (MO). Finally, the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 could be controlled by adjusting the pH of the peptide solution during the synthetic process.
Description of an intervention to treat binge‐eating behaviors among adolescents: Applying the Template for Intervention Descriptions and Replication
Authors: Pluhar Emily I. , Kamody Rebecca C. , Sanchez Jackeline , Thurston Idia B. , Thomaseo Burton E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBinge‐eating disorder (BED) is related to deleterious physical, social, and psychological outcomes among adolescents, and is more common among racial and ethnic minorities. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), an evidence‐based treatment for disorders of emotion dysregulation, has demonstrated efficacy in treating disordered eating patterns. While DBT interventions have demonstrated success among adults with BED, less is known about adaptation of DBT for adolescents presenting with BED and subthreshold binge‐eating behaviors. This paper describes the Emotional Overeating Intervention, a 10‐week DBT skills‐based group intervention for adolescents exhibiting binge‐eating behaviors. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist is used to describe the intervention with the intention of providing necessary details to implement the intervention in clinical practice or replicate the intervention for further study. The rationale for a condensed version of DBT, potential modifications for future implementation, and the importance of adapting the intervention in a developmentally and culturally responsive manner are discussed. This adapted treatment modality can guide future studies examining interventions for adolescents exhibiting binge‐eating behaviors.
I weigh therefore I am: Implications of using different criteria to define overvaluation of weight and shape in binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Kenny Therese E. , Carter Jacqueline C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveResearch suggests that overvaluation of weight and shape is a clinical feature in binge‐eating disorder (BED). However, this construct has been differentially defined in the literature even when using the same measure. Here we compare two cut‐offs that have previously been used to differentiate clinical and subthreshold overvaluation using the EDE‐Q.MethodIndividuals with BED (n = 72, 93% female) and no history of an eating disorder (NED; n = 21, 91% female) completed measures of eating disorder (ED) and general psychopathology online. Individuals with BED were categorized as having clinical or subthreshold overvaluation using two different cut‐offs used in previous studies. The clinical, subthreshold, and NED groups were compared on ED and general psychopathology. The association between overvaluation and psychopathology was also assessed in the BED and NED groups.ResultsThe two cut‐offs yielded identical results, with individuals in the clinical overvaluation group reporting greater ED psychopathology than those in the subthreshold and NED groups. When considered as a continuous variable, overvaluation was a significant predictor of both ED‐related and general psychopathology.DiscussionThe two cut‐offs yielded identical results, likely due to the high internal consistency between overvaluation items. Under such circumstances, the use of either cut‐off seems appropriate. However, given the associations reported in the regression analyses, we propose that considering overvaluation as a dimensional variable, rather than a categorical one, may have greater utility.
Manipulation of the balance between Th2 and Th2/1 hybrid cells affects parasite nematode fitness in mice
Authors: Affinass Nicole , Zhang Hongwei , Löhning Max , Hartmann Susanne , Rausch Sebastian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractT‐helper type 2 (Th2) responses are central to the control of helminth infections, but sensitive to opposing cytokine signals favoring Th1 priming. We previously reported on GATA‐3+T‐bet+ Th2/1 hybrid cell differentiation in helminth mono‐infections, resulting in a substantial proportion of cells coproducing IFN‐γ next to Th2 cytokines. Here, we demonstrate Th2/1 cells as the major source of parasite‐specific IFN‐γ production in acute and chronic infections with the enteric nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Th2/1 cells differentiated from naive precursors and accumulated in spleen and intestine of infected mice, resulting in increased systemic and mucosal IFN‐γ production. IFN‐γ supplementation early during infection supported Th2/1 differentiation, associated with elevated parasite fecundity and the maintenance of high worm burdens in the chronic stage of infection, whereas mice lacking IFN‐γ signals generated poor Th2/1 responses and restricted parasite fecundity more efficiently. These findings suggest that Th2/1 hybrid responses take part in immune regulation during helminth infection and restrain effective anti‐helminth immunity.
Dispersion of charged solute in charged micro‐ and nanochannel with reversible sorption
Authors: Zhang Li , Hesse Marc A. , Wang Moran 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe study dispersion of a charged solute in a charged micro‐ and nanochannel with reversible sorption and derive an analytical solution for mass fraction in the fluid, transport velocity and dispersion coefficient. Electrical double layer formed on the charged surface gives rise to a charge‐dependent solute transport by modifying the transverse distribution of the solute. We discuss the effect of sorption and electrical double layer on solute transport and show that the coupling between sorption and electrical double layer gives rise to charge‐dependent transport even for a thin double layer. However, in this case, it can be reduced to a simple non‐charge‐dependent case by introducing the intrinsic sorption equilibrium constant.
Electrical stimulation: Complementary therapy to improve the performance of grafts in bone defects?
Authors: Fonseca José Hyczy , Bagne Leonardo , Meneghetti Damaris Helena , dos Santos Gláucia Maria Tech , Esquisatto Marcelo Augusto Marretto , de Andrade Thiago Antônio Moretti , do Amaral Maria Esméria Corezola , Felonato Maíra , Caetano Guilherme Ferreira , Santamaria Milton , Mendonça Fernanda Aparecida Sampaio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe limitations of bone reconstruction techniques have stimulated the tissue engineering for the repair of large bone defects using osteoconductive materials and osteoinductive agents. This study evaluated the effects of low intensity electric current on the inorganic bovine graft in calvaria defects. Bone defects were performed with piezoelectric system in the calvaria of Wistar rats divided into four groups (n = 24): (C) without grafting and without electrical stimulation; (E) with grafting; (MC) without grafting and submitted to electrical stimulation; (MC + E) with grafting and submitted to electrical stimulation. Inflammatory, angiogenic and osteogenic events during bone repair at the 10th, 30th, 60th, and 90th days were considered. Several inflammatory markers demonstrated the efficacy of grafting in reducing inflammation, particularly when subjected to electrical stimulation. Angiogenesis and collagen organization were more evident by electrical stimulation application on the grafts. Moreover, the osteogenic cell differentiation process indicated that the application of microcurrent on grafting modulated the homeostasis of bone remodeling. It is concluded that microcurrent favored the performance of grafts in calvarial rat model. Low‐intensity electrical current might improve the osteoconductive property of grafting in bone defects. Therefore, electrical current becomes an option as complementary therapy in clinical trials involving bone surgeries and injuries. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 924–932, 2019.
In situ transplantation of adipose tissue‐derived stem cells organized on porous polymer nanosheets for murine skin defects
Authors: Nishiwaki Keisuke , Aoki Shimpo , Kinoshita Manabu , Kiyosawa Tomoharu , Suematsu Yoshitaka , Takeoka Shinji , Fujie Toshinori 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStem cell transplantation is expected to be an effective early‐phase treatment for deep burn injuries and intractable ulcers. Localizing and proliferating stem cells on the lesion utilizing engineered scaffolds is important for this treatment. In this study, we demonstrated in situ transplantation of adipose‐tissue derived stem cells (ASCs) organized on free‐standing porous polymer ultrathin films (referred to as “porous nanosheets”) to a skin defect model in diabetic mice. Porous nanosheets were prepared by a combination of micro‐gravure coating with macrophase separation of poly(d,l‐lactic acid) and polystyrene under a roll‐to‐roll process and solvent etching process with cyclohexane. The permeable structure of porous nanosheets (thickness of 150 nm, average pore diameter of 4 μm) allowed for proliferation of ASCs and also provided sufficient nutrient inflow into multilayered ASC constructs. Then, transplantation of a trilayered ASC‐laden porous nanosheet achieved homogeneous transference of ASCs onto the skin lesion. Transplanted ASCs contributed to wound healing in a dorsal skin defect model in diabetic mice. Thus, cell transplantation using porous nanosheets will be a new method for promoting wound healing in diabetic and other kinds of refractory ulcers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1363–1371, 2019.
Mechanics of mesh implanted into abdominal wall under repetitive load. Experimental and numerical study
Authors: Tomaszewska Agnieszka , Lubowiecka Izabela , Szymczak Czesław 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere are a number of papers discussing medical and mechanical aspects of ventral hernia management. Despite intensive work on the problem understanding, recurrences of the sickness still happen too often. For that reason, new aspects of the problem must be considered. In this article, a change in the abdominal implant's stiffness is discussed, which is caused by cyclic loading. Such loading influence abdominal implant, for example, while patient is coughing or exercising. For the first time, this stiffness change is quantitatively described for a selected knitted mesh. The influence of mesh stiffness changes on repaired hernia persistence is studied. Then, ex vivo experiments on a repaired hernia model under cyclic pressure loading are performed. Finally, numerical simulations of the experiments are made in which stresses and forces in the system are calculated. The two following cases are considered. In the first case, the mesh has its baseline stiffness, and in the second case, the mesh is preconditioned by former loading; thus, it is stiffened. Reaction forces at the mesh fixation points appear to be approximately twofold higher in the second case than in the first case. That may be a reason for a fixation damage in operated hernia system. The results presented shed new light on the necessary strength of mesh fixation in the abdominal wall. They enlarge the state of the art on laparoscopic hernia management with the use of a synthetic implant. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1400–1409, 2019.
Comparative study of aligned and nonaligned poly(ε‐caprolactone) fibrous scaffolds prepared by solution blow spinning
Authors: Simbara Marcia M.O. , Santos Arnaldo R. , Andrade Aron J.P. , Malmonge Sonia M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFibrous scaffolds have become popular in tissue engineering (TE) due to their morphological resemblance to extracellular matrix components. While electrospinning is the most common technique in the field, solution blow spinning is an emerging technique with great potential. One of its many advantages is that it can produce aligned fibers with a very simple experimental setup. This work aimed to fabricate poly(ε‐caprolactone) mats with aligned fibers and compare them to nonaligned ones. For that, samples were produced using three rotational speeds of a cylindrical collector and characterized in terms of fiber alignment and diameter, mechanical properties, wettability, and biological response. Results showed that with a static collector, fibers were randomly deposited and nonaligned. As the speed was increased, the fibers began to align (as proven by image analysis), resulting in a change in mechanical behavior, but no differences in fiber diameter. Cells cultured on aligned samples were more elongated, and a higher alignment degree seemed to favor cellular growth. The results confirmed the potential of this up‐and‐coming technique to produce aligned fibers for TE. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1462–1470, 2019.
Enhancement of the biocompatibility by surface nitriding of a low‐modulus titanium alloy for dental implant applications
Authors: Bédouin Yvan , Gordin Doina‐Margareta , Pellen‐Mussi Pascal , Pérez Fabienne , Tricot‐Doleux Sylvie , Vasilescu Cora , Drob Silviu Iulian , Chauvel‐Lebret Dominique , Gloriant Thierry 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo enhance their longevity, dental implants must be highly biocompatible and must have a low elastic modulus close to that of the bone. They must also possess a high superficial hardness and a high corrosion resistance. For these reasons, a recently developed low‐modulus Ti–27Nb alloy with nontoxic elements was treated by gas nitriding at high temperature in this study. A very thin nitrided layer of 0.5 μm in thickness followed by an enriched nitrogen zone was observed. Consequently, a very high hardness evaluated at about 1800 HV was obtained in surface, which represents an increase of 4–5 times the hardness of the non‐nitrided alloy. This superficial hardness was experimentally observed to decrease up to 800 nm in depth from the surface to the core. The low modulus of Ti–27Nb (evaluated at 55 GPa, which is twice lower than the commercially pure titanium) was not affected by the surface nitriding treatment. A better corrosion resistance was observed and a significant decrease in ion release rates for the nitrided alloy (ion release of 1.41 ng/cm2 compared to the 163.58 ng/cm2 obtained for the commercially pure titanium at pH = 7.48 in artificial Carter–Brugirard saliva). The cytocompatibility was not compromised and the cell viability performed on human osteoblasts, fibroblastic cells, and epithelial cells was enhanced on the nitrided surface in comparison with the non‐nitrided surface. These combined properties make the nitrided Ti–27Nb alloy a good candidate for dental implant applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1483–1490, 2019.