bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Sex-Related Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in New York City in HPTN 067
Authors: Mannheimer Sharon , Hirsch-Moverman Yael , Franks Julie , Loquere Avelino , Hughes James P. , Li Maoji , Amico K. Rivet , Grant Robert M. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
HPTN 067 assessed the feasibility of daily and non-daily dosing of open-label emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF)-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Methods:
Factors associated with sex-related PrEP adherence were assessed among men who have sex with men (MSM) randomized to one of 3 PrEP dosing arms in HPTN 067 in New York City. Sex-related PrEP adherence was defined per protocol as at least 1 PrEP tablet taken within 4 days pre-sex and at least 1 additional PrEP tablet taken within 24 hours post-sex, assessed via electronic drug monitoring and weekly interviews. Demographic data and behavioral measures were evaluated for association with sex-related PrEP adherence. Logistic regression for clustered data was used to estimate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios.

Results:
Of 176 randomized MSM participants, 59% were Black, 10% White, 25% Hispanic, and 6% other; median age was 31 years. In the multivariable analyses, higher sex-related PrEP adherence was significantly associated with daily dosing arm, older age, employment, and higher PrEP adherence behavioral skills. Lower sex-related PrEP adherence was significantly associated with identifying as Black or Hispanic (compared with White), opiate use, and reporting “I forgot” as an adherence barrier.

Conclusions:
This analysis identified populations of MSM who might benefit from additional support to optimize PrEP adherence, including those who are younger, unemployed, or opiate users. MSM with lower PrEP behavioral skills may benefit from targeted interventions. Further study is needed to assess racial and ethnic disparities in PrEP adherence, which may reflect broader social and economic inequalities not captured in this study.
Do Cleft Lip and Palate Types Affect Health-Related Quality of Life of Adolescents?
Authors: Crepaldi Thainara Alves , Vitor Luciana Lourenço Ribeiro , Carrara Cleide Felicio Carvalho , Rios Daniela , Cruvinel Thiago , Almeida Ana Lúcia Pompéia Fraga , Soares Simone , Machado Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira , Oliveira Thais Marchini 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The adolescent with oral cleft must deal with the process of body changing and the psychological implications caused by morphological, functional, and esthetic impairments of the cleft itself. This study aimed to evaluate whether the cleft lip and palate types affects health-related quality of life of adolescents through Short-form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Fifty-seven adolescents (29 males and 28 females; mean age 15 years and 11 months ± 1 year and 2 months) were divided into 2 groups: Group 1—single cleft—unilateral or bilateral CL or CP; Group 2—complex cleft—unilateral or bilateral cleft lip and palate. The participants filled in SF-36 questionnaire to verify their functional, physical, and mental well-being profile. Spearman test assessed SF-36 scores correlation with age. Mann–Whitney U test verified the differences between genders and cleft types. Linear regression models were used to analyze confounding factors (age and gender). P was set at <0.05. The different SF-36 domains weakly correlated with age, ranging from −0.07 (P = 0.60) for the social aspects and 0.31 (P = 0.02) for general health. Females had statistically lower SF-36 scores than males in the domains Bodily pain (P = 0.02), Vitality (P < 0.001), and Mental Health (P < 0.001). G1 showed lower scores in the domains Limitations due to Emotional Problems (P = 0.008) and Mental Health (P = 0.036). However, when the confounding factors (age and gender) were analyzed, the oral cleft type did not affect health-related quality of life (P > 0.05). Considering the age and gender, the cleft lip and palate types did not affect the health-related quality of life of adolescents.
Arteriovenous Fistula Occurring After Alveolar Arch Repair With Free Medial Femoral Condyle Flap
Authors: Akdag Osman , Guray Evin Seyda , Sutcu Mustafa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The occurrence of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after microvascular tissue transfer is extremely rare. This paper presents the development of an AVF in a patient who underwent a free-flap procedure for alveolar arch reconstruction and discusses the mechanisms of AVF formation and its current treatments.
Autologous Free Fat Graft for Repair of Concave Deformity After Total Parotidectomy
Authors: Wang Kuan-Yu , Yang Zhi , Wang Wen-Long , Xu Hui , Liu Fa-Yu 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
Resectioning of giant maxillofacial tumors has been shown to cause facial depression deformity, representing a persistent challenge for surgeons. Here, the authors review their experience using autologous free fat grafts to repair total parotidectomy defects. This review aims to encourage the surgical field to pay more attention to this century-old treatment technique.

Methods:
Patients were included who underwent free fat transfer for tissue reconstruction after total parotidectomy at the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of China Medical University between 2012 and 2018. Patients with bleeding disease or postoperative follow-up less than 6 months were excluded.

Results:
Twenty-three patients between the ages of 35 and 68 were included in this analysis. Ten patients (6 males, 4 females) underwent fat grafting at the time of total parotidectomy, and a control group of 13 patients (9 males, 4 females) underwent total parotidectomy without correction of concave deformities. There were significant differences between fat graft group and control group in terms of age (44.9 ± 9.0117 years versus 56.385 ± 8.9586 years; P = 0.006), Frey syndrome questionnaire score (1 ± 0 versus 2.385 ± 1.0439; P = 0.00), blood loss (195.7 ± 54.8777 mL versus 107.769 ± 22.8916 mL; P = 0.001), postoperative drainage (319.8 ± 103.1803 mL versus 230.385 ± 53.5701 mL; P = 0.027), duration of postoperative drainage (122.4 ± 23.8663 hours versus 90.462 ± 22.2434 hours; P = 0.003), and satisfaction questionnaire score (8.5 ± 0.8498 versus 3 ± 1.1547; P = 0.00). The difference in operation time between the fat graft group and control group was not significant (417 ± 108.0062 min versus 351.538 ± 91.7475 min; P = 0.131).

Conclusion:
Autologous free fat grafting resulted in more blood loss as well as an increased volume and duration of postoperative drainage. Remarkably, however, patients had superior satisfaction, lower Frey syndrome scores, and similar operation times with use of free fat grafting after parotidectomy. The authors recommend such grafting be utilized to repair concave deformities secondary to total parotidectomy.
Facial Injuries in Handball: A Survey of Handball Coaches
Authors: Hwang Kun , Kim Hun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of facial trauma in handball players in South Korea.
Forty-one handball coaches responded to an 11-item standardized questionnaire. Twenty-three coaches (56.1%) stated that their players had experienced a facial injury and reported 56 patients.
The nose was the most common site of the injuries (51.7%), followed by the eye (19.6%) and cheek (12.5%). The most common causes of nose injuries were being hit by a hand (26.8%), elbow (12.5%), and ball (8.9%). Most of the nose injuries were fractures (41.1%). The most common causes of the injuries were being hit by a hand (37.5%), elbow (30.3%), and ball (16.1%). The most common type of facial injury was fracture (41.1%), followed by contusion (26.8%), and laceration (21.4%). The most common position of the player was pivot (25.0%), followed by center back (21.4%), and right back (19.6%). Among the facial injuries experienced by pivots, the nose (12.5%) was the most common site, followed by the eye (8.9%). The most common causes of the injuries in pivots were being hit by a hand (12.5%) and an elbow (12.5%). The mean convalescence period after the facial injuries was 3.2 ± 1.6 weeks. No respondents stated that their players wore a mouthguard.
Team doctors should be aware of the high frequency of nasal bone fractures and prepare for them. A suture set should be prepared for lacerations. If a player is hit in the eye by a ball, the possibility of retinal injury should be considered.
Bone Marrow Aspirate in Cystic Maxillofacial Bony Defects
Authors: U Vignesh , Mehrotra Divya , Howlader Debraj , Kumar Sumit , Anand Vaibhav 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Autogenous or alloplastic bone grafts are routinely applied for reconstruction of cystic bone defects. Addition of mesenchymal bone marrow stem cell in osteoconductive alloplastic bone makes it osteoinductive and osteogenic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of bone marrow aspirate in regenerating new bone with hydroxyapatite collagen scaffold in patients with large cystic maxillofacial defects. This prospective randomized study had random allocation of 15 patients with large cystic maxillofacial bony defects in each of the 2 groups. Group I patients received hydroxyapatite granules and bone marrow aspirate in collagen sponge and group II received hydroxyapatite granules only. Clinical and radiologic assessment showed the time taken in bone healing. In group I, the bone defect volume reduction was statistically significant at 3 and 6 months, the postoperative pain and swelling was less, and there was no tooth mobility at 3 months. The authors concluded that use of hydroxyapatite granules with bone marrow aspirate in collagen sponge in maxillofacial bone defects provided early bone regeneration, and faster wound healing. However, to arrive at a definitive conclusion a long-term study with a larger sample size is required.
Endoscopic Transcaruncular Medial Orbitotomy as an Alternative Approach to Anterior Ethmoidal Artery Coagulation
Authors: Matoušek Petr , Čábalová Lenka , Masárová Michaela , Komínek Pavel 
Published: March 2019

Background:
The authors present a series of 5 patients with anterior epistaxis in which a transcaruncular endoscopic approach was used for the anterior ethmoidal artery coagulation (AEA).

Methods:
Six AEA coagulations (5 unilateral, 1 bilateral) using the transcaruncular endoscopic approach were performed in 5 patients with anterior epistaxis resistant to conservative measures. An incision was made between the plica semilunaris of conjunctiva and the lacrimal caruncle. Using a rigid endoscope, tissues were dissected lateral to the lacrimal sac, to the posterior lacrimal crest. The periorbit was incised and pulled aside. Hereafter, the technique was the same as that involving a frontoethmoidal incision. After bipolar coagulation of the AEA, the conjunctiva was sutured.

Results:
Bleeding was resolved in all patients. One patient experienced early postoperative temporary diplopia.

Conclusions:
The transcaruncular endoscopic approach is a promising technique with no outer scarring. It is convenient in patients with difficult orientation in the nasal cavity, relatively safe, and faster than the transnasal endoscopic approach
Impact of Regional Organ Sharing and Allocation in the UK Northern Liver Alliance on Waiting Time to Liver Transplantation and Waitlist Survival
Authors: Malik Abdullah K. , Masson Steven , Allen Elisa , Akyol Murat , Bathgate Andrew , Davies Mervyn , Hidalgo Ernest , Hudson Mark , Powell James , Taylor Rhiannon , Zarankaite Agne , Manas Derek M. 
Published: March 2019

Background.
In the United Kingdom, liver transplantation (LT) is undertaken in 7 supraregional centers. Until March 2018, liver grafts were offered to a center and allocated to a patient on their elective waiting list (WL) based on unit prioritization. Patients in Newcastle, Leeds, and Edinburgh with a United Kingdom Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (UKELD) score ≥62 were registered on a common WL and prioritized for deceased-donor liver allocation. This was known as the Northern Liver Alliance (NLA) “top-band scheme.” Organs were shared between the 3 centers, with a “payback” scheme ensuring no patient in any center was disadvantaged. We investigated whether the NLA had improved WL survival and waiting time (WT) to transplantation.

Methods.
Data for this study were obtained from the UK Transplant Registry maintained by National Health Service Blood and Transplant. This study was based on adult patients registered for first elective liver transplant between April 2013 and December 2016. Non-NLA centers were controls. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate WL survival and median WT to transplant, with the log-rank test used to make comparisons; a Bonferroni correction was applied post hoc to determine pairwise differences.

Results.
WT was significantly lower at NLA centers compared with non-NLA centers for top-band patients (23 versus 99 days, P < 0.001). However, WL survival was not significantly different for top-band patients (P > 0.999) comparing NLA with non-NLA centers. WL survival for nontop-band patients was no different (P > 0.999) comparing NLA with non-NLA centers.

Conclusions.
The NLA achieved its aim, providing earlier transplantation to patients with the greatest need. Nontop-band patients did not experience inferior survival.
The influence of lifestyle and gender on cluster headache
Authors: Lund Nunu L.T. , Snoer Agneta H. , Jensen Rigmor H. 
Published: March 2019

Purpose of reviewCluster headache is by many regarded as a males’ disorder that is often accompanied by an unhealthy lifestyle. We aimed to study the influence of sex and lifestyle factors on clinical presentation, the diagnostic process and management.Recent findingsOverall, the clinical presentation of cluster headache in both sexes was similar; however, chronic cluster headache may occur more frequently in women than in men. Misdiagnosis was most prevalent in women and more women than men were not correctly diagnosed until seen in a highly specialized center. In relation to lifestyle, smoking prevalence remains very high and some studies suggest that obesity and use of illegal drugs may be pronounced as well. In contrast to previous beliefs, recent findings on alcohol consumption report a lower use in patients than in controls. Overall, men and to some extent chronic patients were more prone to some unhealthy lifestyle factors than women and episodic patients.SummaryDespite an overall similar clinical presentation in men and women, the diagnostic process was more problematic for women in the form of more frequent misdiagnosis and failure to diagnose women in the primary and secondary sectors. Unhealthy lifestyle factors are prevalent in cluster headache and may ultimately have consequences for the management of the disease.
Gabapentin-Associated Urinary Incontinence: A Case Verified by Rechallenge
Authors: Rissardo Jamir Pitton , Caprara Ana Letícia Fornari 
Published: March 2019

Introduction
Gabapentin (GBP) is an analog of γ-aminobutyric acid and was originally designed as an anticonvulsant. Because its mechanism of action is unclear, assumed to have no abuse potential, and apparent lack of toxicity, GBP is used widely off-label to treat an array of disorders, including essential tremor.

Case Report
We present a case of an elderly woman diagnosed with essential tremor, in which GBP was initiated. In the following day, she complained of urinary incontinence with the absence of dysuria and urgency. It was not worse with movement, coughing, sneezing, or laughing. The vaginal parity of the patient was one. Laboratory tests and urinalysis were within normal limits. Assuming that the urinary symptom was an adverse drug reaction, the GBP was withdrawn and the patient's incontinence completely resolved within 2 days. Several weeks later, a rechallenge with GBP was tried. In the day 1 of GBP use, the subject reported intermittent urinary incontinence. Medication was discontinued and her continence returned. One year later, in the follow-up, the subject remained continent.

Conclusions
Only a few cases with GBP-associated urinary incontinence have been reported in the literature. To the authors' knowledge, these cases described individuals with only 1 attempt of the use of GBP. In this way, the present case was the first to describe a subject with the recurrence of urinary incontinence with the GBP rechallenge. This adverse effect, although not potentially fatal, can be very embarrassing to patients and lead to poor compliance with therapy.
Inter-ecosystem variation in the food-collection behaviour in climbing perch Anabas testudineus, a freshwater fish
Authors: Binoy V. V. , Rakesh V. B. , Sinha Anindya 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA unique piscine behaviour—collection and temporary storage of food materials inside the mouth during times of availability and particularly in response to starvation—has been reported in a single species, the climbing perch Anabas testudineus. In this study, we documented a significant variation in the amount of food collected by populations of climbing perch inhabiting different ecological regimes, kole paddy fields, canals and water channels in coconut plantations, after experiencing starvation for two different periods of 24 and 48 h. Our results revealed a significant flexibility in this unique behaviour, depending on the ecological conditions and hunger experienced by the individuals.
Uncovering mechanisms of global ocean change effects on the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister) through metabolomics analysis
Authors: Trigg Shelly A. , McElhany Paul , Maher Michael , Perez Danielle , Busch D. Shallin , Nichols Krista M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThe Dungeness crab is an economically and ecologically important species distributed along the North American Pacific coast. To predict how Dungeness crab may physiologically respond to future global ocean change on a molecular level, we performed untargeted metabolomic approaches on individual Dungeness crab juveniles reared in treatments that mimicked current and projected future pH and dissolved oxygen conditions. We found 94 metabolites and 127 lipids responded in a condition-specific manner, with a greater number of known compounds more strongly responding to low oxygen than low pH exposure. Pathway analysis of these compounds revealed that juveniles may respond to low oxygen through evolutionarily conserved processes including downregulating glutathione biosynthesis and upregulating glycogen storage, and may respond to low pH by increasing ATP production. Most interestingly, we found that the response of juveniles to combined low pH and low oxygen exposure was most similar to the low oxygen exposure response, indicating low oxygen may drive the physiology of juvenile crabs more than pH. Our study elucidates metabolic dynamics that expand our overall understanding of how the species might respond to future ocean conditions and provides a comprehensive dataset that could be used in future ocean acidification response studies.
The enemy from within: a prophage ofRoseburia intestinalissystematically turns lytic in the mouse gut, driving bacterial adaptation by CRISPR spacer acquisition
Authors: Cornuault Jeffrey K. , Moncaut Elisabeth , Loux Valentin , Mathieu Aurélie , Sokol Harry , Petit Marie-Agnès , Paepe Marianne De 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite an overall stability in time of the human gut microbiota at the phylum level, strong temporal variations in species abundance have been observed. We are far from a clear understanding of what promotes or disrupts the stability of microbiome communities. Environmental factors, like food or antibiotic use, modify the gut microbiota composition, but their overall impacts remain relatively low. Phages, the viruses that infect bacteria, might constitute important factors explaining temporal variations in species abundance. Gut bacteria harbour numerous prophages, or dormant viruses. A breakdown of prophage dormancy can evolve through the selection of ultravirulent phage mutants, potentially leading to important bacterial death. Whether such phenomenon occurs in the mammal’s microbiota has been largely unexplored.Here we studied temperate phage-bacteria coevolution in gnotoxenic mice colonised withEscherichia coliandRoseburia intestinalis, a dominant symbiont of the human gut microbiota. We show thatR. intestinalisharbors two active prophages, Jekyll and Shimadzu, and observed the systematic evolution of ultravirulent Shimadzu phage mutants, leading to a collapse ofR. intestinalispopulation. In a second step, phage infection drove the fast evolution of host phage-resistance mainly through phage-derived spacer acquisition in a Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) array. Alternatively, phage resistance was conferred by a prophage originating from an ultravirulent phage with a restored ability to lysogenize.Our results demonstrate that prophages are the potential source of ultravirulent phages that can successfully infect most of the susceptible bacteria. This suggests that prophages can play important roles in the short-term temporal variations observed in the composition of the gut microbiota.
Multi-enhancer transcriptional hubs confer phenotypic robustness
Authors: Tsai Albert , Alves Mariana RP , Crocker Justin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe had previously shown inDrosophila melanogasterembryos that low-affinity Ultrabithorax (Ubx)-responsiveshavenbaby(svb) enhancers drive robust expression using localized transcriptional environments and that activesvbenhancers tended to colocalize, even when placed on different chromosomes (Tsai et al., 2017). Here, we test the hypothesis that these multi-enhancer “hubs” improve robustness by increasing transcription factor retention near transcription sites. Deleting a redundant enhancer from thesvblocus led to reduced trichome numbers in embryos raised at elevated temperatures. Using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, we observed lower Ubx concentration and transcriptional output in this deletion allele. Transcription sites of the fullsvb cis-regulatory region inserted into a different chromosome colocalized with thesvblocus, increasing Ubx concentration, the transcriptional output ofsvb, and partially rescuing the phenotype. Thus, multiple enhancers could reinforce a local transcriptional hub to buffer against environmental stresses and genetic perturbations, providing a mechanism for phenotypical robustness.Impact statementMultiple enhancers in physical proximity can reinforce shared transcriptional “hubs” to retain transcription factors, providing a buffer during environmental stresses and genetic perturbations to preserve phenotypic robustness.