bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MDMA Increases Cooperation and Recruitment of Social Brain Areas When Playing Trustworthy Players in an Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma
Authors: Gabay Anthony S. , Kempton Matthew J. , Gilleen James , Mehta Mitul A. 
Published: November 2018

Social decision-making is fundamental for successful functioning and can be affected in psychiatric illness and by serotoninergic modulation. The Prisoner's Dilemma is the archetypal paradigm to model cooperation and trust. However, the effect of serotonergic enhancement is poorly characterized, and its influence on the effect of variations in opponent behavior unknown. To address this, we conducted a study investigating how the serotonergic enhancer 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) modulates behavior and its neural correlates during an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma with both trustworthy and untrustworthy opponents. We administered 100 mg MDMA or placebo to 20 male participants in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. While being scanned, participants played repeated rounds with opponents who differed in levels of cooperation. On each round, participants chose to compete or cooperate and were asked to rate their trust in the other player. Cooperation with trustworthy, but not untrustworthy, opponents was enhanced following MDMA but not placebo (respectively: odds ratio = 2.01; 95% CI, 1.42–2.84,p< 0.001; odds ratio = 1.37; 95% CI, 0.78–2.30, not significant). Specifically, MDMA enhanced recovery from, but not the impact of, breaches in cooperation. During trial outcome, MDMA increased activation of four clusters incorporating precentral and supramarginal gyri, superior temporal cortex, central operculum/posterior insula, and supplementary motor area. There was a treatment × opponent interaction in right anterior insula and dorsal caudate. Trust ratings did not change across treatment sessions. MDMA increased cooperative behavior when playing trustworthy opponents. Underlying this was a change in brain activity of regions linked to social cognition. Our findings highlight the context-specific nature of MDMA's effect on social decision-making.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide a detailed analysis of the effect of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) on cooperative behavior during interpersonal interactions, as well as the neural correlates underlying these effects. We find that, following administration of MDMA, participants behave more cooperatively, but only when interacting with trustworthy partners. While breaches of trustworthy behavior have a similar impact following administration of MDMA compared with placebo, MDMA facilitates a greater recovery from these breaches of trust. Underlying this altered behavior are changes in brain activity during the viewing of opponents' behavior in regions whose involvement in social processing is well established. This work provides new insights into the impact of MDMA on social interactions, emphasizing the important role of the behavior of others toward us.
Prediction of Subgenome Additive and Interaction Effects in Allohexaploid Wheat
Authors: Santantonio Nicholas , Jannink Jean-Luc , Sorrells Mark 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhole genome duplications have played an important role in the evolution of angiosperms. These events often occur through hybridization between closely related species, resulting in an allopolyploid with multiple subgenomes. With the availability of affordable genotyping and a reference genome to locate markers, breeders of allopolyploids now have the opportunity to manipulate subgenomes independently. This also presents a unique opportunity to investigate epistatic interactions between homeologous orthologs across subgenomes. We present a statistical framework for partitioning genetic variance to the subgenomes of an allopolyploid, predicting breeding values for each subgenome, and determining the importance of inter-genomic epistasis. We demonstrate using an allohexaploid wheat breeding population evaluated in Ithaca, NY and an important wheat dataset from CIMMYT previously shown to demonstrate non-additive genetic variance. Subgenome covariance matrices were constructed and used to calculate subgenome interaction covariance matrices for variance component estimation and genomic prediction. We propose a method to extract population structure from all subgenomes at once before covariances are calculated to reduce collinearity between subgenome estimates. Variance parameter estimation was shown to be reliable for additive subgenome effects, but was less reliable for subgenome interaction components. Predictive ability was equivalent to current genomic prediction methods. Including only inter-genomic interactions resulted in the same increase in accuracy as modeling all pairwise marker interactions. Thus, we provide a new tool for breeders of allopolyploid crops to characterize the genetic architecture of existing populations, determine breeding goals, and develop new strategies for selection of additive effects and fixation of inter-genomic epistasis.
Working Mothers and Child Rearing Practice as a Factor to Juvenile Delinquency among Primary School Pupils in Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Adamu Dr. Naomi N. 
Published: November 2018

This study investigated work status of mothers as a factor of child delinquency among primary school pupils in Borno State, Nigeria. The study determined the differences of mothers work status and the nature of delinquencies associated with children of working and non-working group of mothers. The populations of the study were all mothers of delinquent pupils in primary schools in Borno State and their delinquent children. Data was collected from eight hundred mothers of work and non working status and the teachers of their delinquent children for the study. Stratified and purposive sampling was used to select the sample. Two types of self-made instrument: 55 items questionnaire and 26 items child delinquent rating scale with Alfa reliability index of 0.89 and 0.93 were used to collect data for the study. Data generated were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistic (simple percentage, mean and standard deviation) and standard step-wise multiple regression at alpha level of p< 0.05. Result indicated that there were differences in work status of mothers of delinquent pupils and nature of delinquency associated with children of mothers within work status groups. It is also observed that there is significant relationship between work status of a child rearing mothers and juvenile delinquency. It is recommended that strategies for reality counselling approach should be used for both working and non-working mothers on how to help their delinquent children. Government should also come up with concrete policy on how to care for children and working mothers by enforcing the policy of day care programme in places of work to solve numerous problems associated with where working mothers keep their children while working. This will also improve and enhance mother-child bonding.
Chea's Great Kuarao
Authors: Scott Rolf Erik , Hviding Edvard , Tollefsen Trygve 
Published: November 2018

The People of Chea Village live in the Marovo Lagoon situated in the Western Province of the Salomon Islands.
Annually they would organise communal fishing expeditions they called Kuarao and where all the villages took part.
Early in the morning and after days of preparation, a large circle of bush vines was laid out in the lagoon waters near the barrier reef. As people swam with the vines and dragged them along, large numbers of fish were caught by surprise and herded together inside the gradually narrowing circle. Finally, the tightly packed schools of fish were stunned by plant poison and collected in canoes.
The Kuarao has both ritual and practical importance. It confirms the collective and the social stratification of the village while serving as a powerful linkage between ancestral tradition, customary ownership of the reef, and the surplus production of modern cash.
The filming in the Marovo Lagoon took place in collaboration with the local communities and the National Museum of Solomon Islands. The intended audience of this film was first of all the people of the Solomon Islands, which influenced its content and structure. This has ensured that the film has had a prolific life. We have subsequently been told that the film is a big hit among many women, as parts of the film present the backstage life of the men who while making the wines used for fishing out in the outer islands of the Lagoon, converse in a "raunchy" manner.
Chea's Great Kuarao was the first film distributed to all the high schools of the islands. It was the film shown at the first public film screening in the capital, Honiara, following the end of the ethnic violence (1998-2003). It was later screened numerous times on public television.
Use of medications in children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Siukaeva D. D. , Narkevich I. A. , Timchenko V. N. , Nemyatyh O. D. , Maslova N. A. 
Published: November 2018

The aim is to characterize the use of medications in pediatric inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia.Materials and methods. Medical records of 547 children treated for community-acquired pneumonia in 4 medical organizations in St. Petersburg over 2015-2017 were analyzed.The results of this retrospective study (N = 547) showed that children aged 1 to 3 years were most vulnerable (31.44%). Along with that, 45.70% of patients had concomitant diseases; among those, acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract prevailed (32.20%). As for the medications, the category J drugs “Antimicrobials of systemic action” were most commonly used (30.30%) and contributed the largest part in the total drug costs (80.22%). Specifically, the greatest contribution was made by the J01D group «Beta-lactam antibacterial drugs, other» (64.54%); their cost took 77.22% of the expenses and covered 48.97% of the drug list.
What is the role of antineoplastic drug safety in reimbursement decision making?
Authors: Kolbin A. S. , Kurylev A. A. 
Published: November 2018

Rationale. From 2014 to 2017, the portion of antineoplastic drugs dossiers submitted to reimbursement in Russia has grown from 15% to 28%. This group of drugs is characterized by severe adverse events (Aes). The question whether drug safety is taken into consideration by decision makers is still open.Aim: To evaluate the role of drug safety in making the decision on reimbursement.Materials and methods. The data were taken from the reports of expert committees concerning the dossiers submitted between 2014 and 2016. The year of submission, the international drug name, the total safety score and the final decision of the committee were entered into our database. Parametric and non-parametric statistics were used to calculate the difference between the mean safety scores plotted by years and by inclusion/noninclusion into VeD lists.Results. The mean safety score for all drugs of this group was -4,67 (95% CI from -5,04 to -4,29); for the drugs included into VeD lists it was -4,05 (95% CI from -4,68 to -3,42), that was significantly higher (p = 0,01) compared to the non-included medications (-5,03; 95% CI from -5,49 to -4,58). The mean safety scores year-by-year for the non-included drugs were lower than those for the VeD-included drugs, but the difference reached significance only in 2015 (p = 0,01). The safety scores were mainly based on Aes of type A.Conclusion. our analysis shows that the drug safety data play a role in the decision making on reimbursement and inclusion/noninclusion into VeD lists. Yet the total safety score contributes much less than other criteria in the decision making process. The safety analysis is usually based on Aes of type A, whereas the data on Aes of types C and D are insufficient.
Economic barriers restraining the production of therapeutic recombinant human trypsin. Use of innovative technologies to overcome them
Authors: Ponomarenko S. V. 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this review is to analyze reasons for the high cost of recombinant human trypsin, technological and economic obstacles limiting trypsin production and implementation, as well as practical means to solve these problems.Materials and methods. The properties of human trypsin, the recombinant technology for its production, the marketing aspects and the prospective of enzyme therapy are addressed in this review that contains 44 references in Russian and english. Particular attention is paid to the methods that can boost the production of recombinant trypsin.Results. Trypsin purified from the mammalian pancreas has been used for over 80 years in the enzyme therapy in various diseases. Genetically engineered human trypsin is proposed to be an innovative, safe and effective therapeutic protease. However the medical use of recombinant trypsin is slowed by its very high price and insufficient production. There is a need for novel biopharmaceutical technologies, as well optimized up-stream and down-stream processes to increase the yield of active recombinant trypsin and significantly reduce the production costs. Recombinant human trypsin that is priced similar to its animal analogues is preferable in all types of enzyme therapy.Conclusion. Innovative biopharmaceutical technologies are expected to significantly reduce the production costs of recombinant human trypsin and stimulate its wider use in enzyme therapy and also in production of other therapeutic proteins.
Etiologies of neonatal seizures in infants of different gestational age
Authors: Zavadenko A. N. , Medvedev M. I. , Degtyareva M. G. , Rogatkin S. O. , Zavadenko N. N. 
Published: November 2018

Aim:To determine main etiologies and clinical features of neonatal seizures (NS) in groups of newborns of different gestational age (GA).Materials and Methods. Main etiologies of NS were evaluated in 165 newborns divided into four groups: I – 84 early preterm newborns with GA of 28 weeks or less, II – 52 newborns with 29-32 weeks GA, III – 12 newborns with 33-36 weeks GA, and IV – 17 term infants with GA between 37 and 41 wks.Results. In the above 165 infants, the following causes of NS were found: perinatal hypoxia-ischemia – 72.1% of cases, grade III-IV intracranial hemorrhage – 6.1%, congenital infections in 9.7%, CNS infections (bacterial meningitis and viral meningoencephalitis) – 9.7%, сerebral dysgenesis – 1.2%, and inborn errors of metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases accounted for 1.2%. Intracranial hemorrhage (grade III-IV) was detected in newborns with GA less than 32 wks only. The etiological role of CNS infections was higher in term newborns (23.5%) than in the other groups.Conclusion.In examining newborns with NS, genetic mechanisms should be taken into consideration, especially when no indications of early brain damage are apparent. This approach is important today as targeted therapies of gene-associated epileptic syndromes are becoming feasible. In the present article, the use of levetiracetam in infants with NS and early onset epilepsy is discussed.
Treatment of patients with prolonged course of medial temporal epilepsy
Authors: Kitaeva V. E. , Kotov A. S. 
Published: November 2018

Objective.The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment in patients with prolonged duration of medial temporal epilepsy (MTE).Materials and methods. We studied cases of 93 patients with history of MTE lasted more than 10 years.Results.This form of epilepsy is often characterized by drug resistance; therefore, patients have to try different medications before the effective one is found (in 12% of cases, patients tried 5-7 different medicines). Nevertheless, in 48.4% of patients, pharmacotherapy is ineffective. According to our findings, patients with an early MTE debut and those with an epileptogenic focus (by EEG / MRI data) in the medial temporal zone are most likely to have treatment-resistant epilepsy.Conclusion.If the therapy is ineffective, patients should be referred to preoperational examination.
Governance of metropolitan areas for delivery of public services in Latin America
Authors: Trejo Nieto Alejandra Berenice , Niño Amezquita José Luis , Vasquez María Luisa 
Published: November 2018

One of the key issues at metropolitan level is the provision of public services and this paper highlights the importance of understanding the governance of public services in the context of increasing urbanization and decentralization. This paper provides a comparative analysis on metropolitan governance in Latin America by analysing specific case studies. The objective is to identify how the governance setting in metropolitan areas shapes the process anthe results of providing public services to wider population. We examine metropolitan governance by employing a 3x3x3 model as a framework for addressing key issues about urban services delivery. Bogota, Lima and Mexico City are the metropolitan areas selected. Secondly, we focus on three sectors: transport, solid waste collection and water. Finally, the analysis focuses in three aspects of governance: coordination, financial sustainability and coverage and quality. The data collection process involved field research in Bogota, Lima and Mexico City.
Un nuevo enfoque molecular en el estudio de la interacción parásito-hospedero
Authors: Padilla-Ramos Roberto , Salas-Muñoz Silvia , Velásquez-Valle Rodolfo , Reveles-Torres Luis Roberto 
Published: November 2018

Los efectores, se han convertido en el eje fundamental de las investigaciones relacionadas a la interacción de los parásitos y sus hospederos, la manera en como regulan a nivel molecular los procesos de infección, y la forma en cómo estas moléculas han evolucionado, parecen ser las cuestiones más importantes que se tendrán que abordar en los siguientes años. Estas nuevas líneas de investigación, quedarán supeditadas al enorme progreso que tendrán la siguiente generación de tecnologías de secuenciación, y con ellas un cambio de paradigma en nuestra visión de los sistemas complejos. Sin embargo, aún quedan muchas cuestiones por dilucidar acerca de los efectores, por ejemplo, la manera en como estas proteínas interactúan de forma espacial y temporal en sus anfitriones, la posible cooperación entre los efectores, y la existencia de complejos proteicos dentro de las células huésped. De ello surgen las siguientes preguntas: ¿Los efectores tienen la capacidad de expresión fenotípica más allá de los genes que los codifican?, y sobre todo ¿Por qué estas proteínas se encuentran tan extendidas sobre una enorme gama de patógenos evolutivamente distantes?
Migration of visual images in contemporary art experiences
Authors: Alp Kafiye Ozlem 
Published: November 2018

The meaning mode of every era changes depending on social dynamics and ruling discourse of mentioned era. Meaning is also one of the basic problems of art. While modern art produces the meaning based on artwork, contemporary art makes it based on viewer and artwork. In this process, an infinite sign mechanism is established in between viewer and artwork by considering it within the problematic of meaning and comment. This mechanism takes artwork as a meaning-producing device, and the hyperactive meaning in the artwork turns to a game of meanings by degrading itself. Eroding migration of meaning has been made possible by migration and manipulation of reality. Artwork that lost its reality has obtained the system and image of display as a new area of power and hegemony by undressing the content of the artwork. Thus, the artwork is transformed to a pure visual show and sign position by demolishing the content that itself produced it.
Keywords: Contemporary art, migration of meaning, reality.
What is and what is not art psychology?
Authors: Okvuran Ayse 
Published: November 2018

Similar to other scientific disciplines, art psychology, beginning at the end of the 19th century until the present day, can also be considered a science. The ancient concepts of mimesis and catharsis, for example, are extremely important and have been used in art psychology extensively. The emotions, thoughts, dreams and emotional fulfillment created by the artist are shared by the recipient of the artwork. Based on psychoanalytic theory, Sigmund Freud was able to explain Leonardo and Dostoevsky through their works and personalities. In this study, the content of art psychology, psychology theories on which art psychology is based and psychological processes related to artist-art work-recipient were investigated. In this research, a descriptive research model was used and the related resources and approaches were aimed to be determined. In the study, based on the existing sources an attempt was made to answer the question of what the field of art psychology is and is not.Keywords: Art psychology, psychology theories.
Curvature-Based Equation of State for Microemulsion-Phase Behavior
Authors: Torrealba V. A. , Johns R. T. , Hoteit H.. 
Published: November 2018

Summary
An accurate description of the microemulsion-phase behavior is critical for many industrial applications, including surfactant flooding in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Recent phase-behavior models have assumed constant-shaped micelles, typically spherical, using net-average curvature (NAC), which is not consistent with scattering and microscopy experiments that suggest changes in shapes of the continuous and discontinuous domains. On the basis of the strong evidence of varying micellar shape, principal micellar curves were used recently to model interfacial tensions (IFTs). Huh's scaling equation (Huh 1979) also was coupled to this IFT model to generate phase-behavior estimates, but without accounting for the micellar shape.
In this paper, we present a novel microemulsion-phase-behavior equation of state (EoS) that accounts for changing micellar curvatures under the assumption of a general-prolate spheroidal geometry, instead of through Huh's equation. This new EoS improves phase-behavior-modeling capabilities and eliminates the use of NAC in favor of a more-physical definition of characteristic length. Our new EoS can be used to fit and predict microemulsion-phase behavior irrespective of IFT-data availability. For the cases considered, the new EoS agrees well with experimental data for scans in both salinity and composition. The model also predicts phase-behavior data for a wide range of temperature and pressure, and it is validated against dynamic scattering experiments to show the physical significance of the approach.
Modern approach to the therapy for autonomic disorders in patients under stressful conditions
Authors: Kutashev V. A. 
Published: November 2018

Severe or persistent stress can cause emotional disturbances, which worsens the human condition. Psychological counselling is of paramount importance, however, some people may not have access to a psychologist or psychotherapist in a stressful situation and one has to resort to the medical therapy. 85 patients (mean age 26.5 ± 3.5 years) under professional stress (primary school teachers, nurses) diagnosed with “tension headaches, autonomic dysfunction” were included in the observational study. Patients were explained the causes of the disease, given recommendations on lifestyle and prescribed Valocordin at the dosage of 15 drops 3 times a day for 3 weeks. All patients showed improvement; none of the patients reported difficulty remembering, attention failure, problems talking. 88.3% of patients showed positive effect after 6 months, 61.1% of patients after 9 months and 49.9% of patients after 12 months. Despite disagreements in the medical professional environment, Valocordin remains one of the most popular drugs in patients under stress. The short-term use of Valocordin at therapeutic doses under stress conditions effectively helps to cope with insomnia, increased anxiety, relieves nervous tension and autonomic dysfunction.