bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Input of exome sequencing in early‐onset cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Grangeon Lou , Charbonnier Camille , Rousseau Stéphane , Richard Anne Claire , Quenez Olivier , Zarea Aline , Boland Anne , Olaso Robert , Deleuze Jean‐François ,   CAA study group, Tournier‐Lasserve Elisabeth , Nicolas Gael , Wallon David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONGenetics of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) remains understudied.METHODSWe assessed variants in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factor genes and differential diagnosis genes by performing exome sequencing among 78 patients with early‐onset definite or probable CAA, after negative screening for APP mutation or duplication.RESULTSAmong 14 genes involved in non‐Aβ CAA, or vascular leukoencephalopathies, we detected pathogenic NOTCH3 variants in two patients, who exhibited lobar hematomas at the ages of 58 and 65, leading to a diagnosis redirection toward CADASIL. Of the remaining 76 patients, 23.1% carried at least one apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 allele and 43.6% carried at least one APOE ε4 allele, known as CAA risk factors. A total of 15 out of 76 (19.7%) carried either a loss‐of‐function or a rare predicted damaging missense or known AD risk variant in SORL1, TREM2, ABCA7, ABCA1, and ATP8B4.DISCUSSIONExome sequencing allowed the redirection toward CADASIL in two patients and suggested shared genetic factors between AD and CAA, beyond the APOE gene.Highlights
The genetic component of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) remains understudied.
Rare differential diagnoses such as CADASIL should be considered, even in cases of cerebral hemorrhage.
Our study suggests shared genetic factors between AD and CAA, beyond the APOE gene.
Rare variants in SORL1, TREM2, ABCA7, ABCA1 and ATP8B4 might be susceptibility factors in early‐onset CAA.,
Association of circulating ketone bodies with cognitive performance and dementia in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Chevli Parag Anilkumar , Schaich Christopher L. , Wood Alexis C. , TK Luqman A. , Mehta Anurag , Jain Vardhmaan , Connelly Margery , Craft Suzanne , Shemesh Elad , Luchsinger José A. , Hayden Kathleen M. , Sachs Bonnie Colleen , Hughes Timothy M. , Shapiro Michael D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionGrowing interest centers on the association between circulating ketone bodies (KB) and cognitive function, notably in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.MethodsAssociations of plasma KB with incident dementia and cognitive performances were examined among Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants. KB were measured using plasma samples collected following an overnight fasting at Exam 1 (2000–02) and detailed cognitive testing at Exam 5 (2010–2012, N = 4392), Exam 6 (2016–2018, N = 1838), and in MESA‐MIND (2019–2021, N = 2060).ResultsOver 16.7 years, a doubling of total KB was associated with a greater risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.14 [1.04–1.29]). Higher total KB was associated with worse cognitive performance in the Digit Span test at exam 5 [β: −0.30 (−0.47, −0.14)]. We also found that a higher KB was associated with greater functional impairment and a higher Quick Dementia Rating Scale (QDRS) score.DiscussionIn a diverse, cardiovascular disease‐free population, elevated KB levels were associated with incident dementia and impaired cognitive performance in specific domains.Highlights
A study of ketone bodies (KB) and cognitive performance and incident dementia.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to measure plasma KB at baseline.
Doubling of baseline total KB was associated with higher incident dementia.
Higher KB was also associated with worse performance on a test of working memory.
The Impact of Family‐Based Treatment for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa on Compulsive Exercise Attitudes and Behaviors
Authors: Datta Nandini , Matheson Brittany , Plessow Franziska , Citron Kyra , Le Grange Daniel , Schlegl Sandra , Lock James 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWhile Family‐based treatment for anorexia nervosa (FBT‐AN) is effective for weight restoration and improvement in eating‐related cognitions, its effect on exercise attitudes and behaviors is little studied. Compulsive exercise is common in AN and often challenging to change.MethodThis secondary analysis examined changes in attitudes toward compulsive exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test‐CET) and behaviors (Eating Disorder Examination‐EDE) using data from a randomized clinical trial testing an adjunctive treatment for adolescents with AN who failed to gain 2.4 kg by Session 4—a predictor of poor outcome. The main hypothesis is that attitudes toward compulsive exercise and decreases in compulsive exercise behavior would improve over the course of treatment.ResultsParticipants reported decreases in compulsive exercise attitudes by Session 4 and compulsive exercise episodes by end of treatment (EOT). There were no differences between early FBT responders (weight gain of 2.4 kg by session 4) and early non‐responders.DiscussionThese results suggest that FBT facilitates adolescents with AN to change attitudes toward compulsive exercise early in treatment (by Session 4) as well as reduction in compulsive exercise behaviors by EOT. Future studies should assess whether changes in attitudes toward compulsive exercise early in treatment is a mechanism of FBT treatment effect.
Insights Into the Uranium Phosphine Bonds in [UCp3(PR3)]: A Combined Molecular Orbital, QTAIM and EDA‐NOCV Study
Authors: Vondung Lisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA series of ten uranium(III) complexes with cyclopentadienyl and monodentate phosphine ligands [UCp3(PR3)] with R=Me, Et, nPr, iPr, tBu, Ph, Cy, F and CF3 was investigated using density functional theory calculations. The ligand dissociation energies were calculated, as well as bonding analysis of the uranium‐phosphorus bond performed, using molecular orbitals, bond orders, quantum theory of atom in molecules (QTAIM) analysis and energy decomposition analysis with natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA‐NOCV). It was found that the bond orders correlate well with the U−P bond lengths and phosphine cone angles, indicating a large influence of phosphine sterics on the bond properties. All bonding analyses show partial covalent character of the U−P bond, which is most pronounced for PF3 and least for PtBu3. π‐Backbonding was found for the most π‐acidic phosphine ligands. No good correlation was found between the ligand dissociation energies and bond metrics.
Photolabile ortho‐Nitro‐Benzyl Carbonate as an Amino Protecting Group for Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐2‐Deoxy‐β‐d‐Glycosides
Authors: Shang Jintao , Wang Yi , Chang Dongsheng , Zheng Jibin , Chen Hongyu , Yao Shuang , Yang You 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTraditional amino protecting groups are often removed under harsh conditions or incompatible with other protecting groups, rendering the synthesis of complex 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐β‐d‐glycosides difficult. Here, we utilize the photolabile ortho‐nitrobenzyl carbonate (oNBC) as an amino protecting group for stereocontrolled synthesis of 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐β‐d‐glycosides. The gold(I)‐catalyzed glycosylation with per‐O‐oNBC‐protected 2‐N‐phthaloyl (Phth)‐2‐deoxy‐, 2‐N‐trichloroacetyl (TCA)‐2‐deoxy‐, and 2‐N‐oNBC‐2‐deoxy‐glycosyl ynenoates proceeded smoothly to provide 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy glycosides with exclusive β‐selectivities via the neighboring group participation (NGP) effect. Removal of the multiple O‐ and N‐oNBC protecting groups of 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy glycosides was achieved under irradiation at 365 nm with aminomethyl polystyrene as the carbonyl scavenger.
Repeated sprint training: The effects of session volume on acute physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes in athletes
Authors: Thurlow Fraser , McLaren Shaun J. , Townshend Andrew , Morrison Matthew , Cowley Nicholas , Weakley Jonathon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe examined the effects of repeated sprint training (RST) session volume on acute physiological, neuromuscular, perceptual and performance outcomes. In a randomised, counterbalanced, and crossover design, 14 healthy and trained male and female athletes (age: 23 ± 3 years) completed two sets of 10 × 40 m (10 × 40), 5 × 40 m (5 × 40), 10 × 20 m (10 × 20) and 5 × 20 m (5 × 20) sprints with 30 s rest between repetitions and 3 min rest between sets for all protocols. Average and peak heart rate, average oxygen consumption (VO2), time >90% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), differential ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), session‐RPE training load (sRPE‐TL), percentage sprint decrement (Sdec), acceleration load and distance >90% of maximal sprint speed were recorded during each session. Neuromuscular performance (i.e. countermovement jump, lower‐limb stiffness and isometric hamstring strength) were measured post‐session, 24 h, and 48 h and compared to pre‐session. A univariate analysis of variance was used to compare within‐ and between‐protocol differences. To aid data interpretation, all effects were expressed as an effect size and accompanied by probability values (pMET). The 10 × 40 protocol induced the greatest training load compared to all other protocols (pMET < 0.05), including moderate to very large differences in breathlessness RPE, large differences in Sdec and time >90% VO2max and very large differences in sRPE‐TL. The 5 × 20 protocol induced the lowest training load compared to all other protocols (pMET < 0.05), including moderate to large differences in sRPE‐TL and leg muscle RPE. Heart rate, VO2, sRPE‐TL, leg muscle RPE and Sdec were similar between 5 × 40 and 10 × 20 (pMET < 0.05), but the acceleration load was greater for 10 × 20 when compared to 5 × 40 (pMET < 0.001), and this difference was large. Changes in neuromuscular performance across all timepoints and all protocols were unclear. Larger session volumes increase the demands of RST and by manipulating volume, sprint distance and the number of repetitions, practitioners can alter the internal and external training load.
Harnessing agro‐wastes for sustainable nanomaterials: The promise of biofluorescent carbon dots
Authors: Divyabharathi R. , Kalidasan B. , Sakthi Suriya Raj J. S. , Chinnasamy Subramaniyan , Pandey A. K. , Giri Jayant , Fatehmulla Amanullah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe effective utilization and high‐value bioproducts from agro‐wastes make sense for a sustainable circular economy for agriculture. The article discusses the promising potential of utilizing agro‐wastes to produce high‐value bioproducts, particularly focusing on carbon dots (C‐dots) derived from such wastes. These C‐dots exhibit remarkable fluorescence properties and excellent biocompatibility, making them valuable nanomaterials for various applications. The dual sources of these C‐dots: green precursors sourced from both edible and non‐edible plant‐based materials, and chemical precursors involving acid and non‐acid reagents are highlighted. This diversity in precursor materials underscores the versatility and sustainability of C‐dot production. Importantly, the synthesis of fluorescent C‐dots achieved quickly and directly via hydrothermal carbonization, microwave technique, thermal pyrolysis carbonization, solvothermal technique, and ultrasonic process are review concisely intended for widespread application in fields ranging from bio‐imaging to optoelectronic devices. Furthermore, the article discusses the challenges associated with synthesizing high‐quality C‐dots from agro‐residues, indicating ongoing research efforts in this area. Likewise, key energy specific characteristics like optical, photoluminestic, photosimulated electron transfer, catalytic, mechanical, and carcinogenic attributes are discussed. Despite these energy specific characteristics, various energy applications of C‐dots, including their potential use in light‐emitting diodes, supercapacitors, and photovoltaics are outlined. This highlights the multifaceted nature of C‐dots and their contribution to advancing sustainable practices in agriculture while simultaneously addressing energy needs in various sectors. Overall, the article underscores the importance of leveraging agro‐wastes for the development of innovative and environmentally friendly bioproducts, contributing to the circular economy in agriculture.
Teachers' perceptions, attitudes, and acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) educational learning tools: An exploratory study on AI literacy for young students
Authors: Yim Iris Heung Yue , Wegerif Rupert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) literacy education for young students is gaining traction among researchers and educators. Researchers are developing courses and attempting to teach AI literacy to younger students, using age‐appropriate AI educational learning tools. Although teachers play a crucial role in AI literacy education, their perceptions and attitudes have received little attention. This study explores the perceptions of 60 teachers regarding the use of AI educational learning tools, and examines the factors influencing their attitudes in relation to implementing AI literacy education. The technological acceptance model and the technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (CK) (TPACK) framework inform the research design, and a mixed method, combining the statistical package for Social Science and thematic analysis, is employed for data analysis. The study reveals that teachers have positive perceptions regarding the usefulness and ease of use of AI educational learning tools in their AI literacy teaching. This paper also reveals that teachers embrace an arts‐based approach to teaching AI literacy. The qualitative data reveal that teachers face challenges such as insufficient CK and experience with AI; and knowledge of TPACK. The five factors affecting their acceptance of AI educational learning tools are: (a) teachers' perceptions of their AI CK and experience in teaching AI literacy (technological content knowledge); (b) technical challenges and stakeholder acceptance; (c) the attributes of AI educational learning tools; (d) school infrastructure and budget constraints; and (e) potential for distraction and negative emotional responses. This study offers insights for policymakers regarding professional development initiatives and technical support mechanisms, thereby facilitating more effective AI literacy implementation.
Thermal Release Behaviour of Six Aldehyde Flavours Under Heating Condition
Authors: Zhang Junsong , Tian Qianhua , Xie Jiqing , Rao Xianli , Li Ruili , Zhou Tianyu , Zheng Xiaoyun , Wang Jiaqi , Liang Miao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe investigation of the thermal release properties of flavours under heating conditions is essential for their application in related products. Herein, the thermal release processes of six typical aldehyde flavours with different boiling points were evaluated via thermogravimetric‐derivative thermogravimetric (TG‐DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To further study the relative proportions of prototype evaporation and the pyrolytic products under heating conditions, we developed a temperature‐controlled tube furnace combined with thermal release products capturing device to simulate the pyrolysis process of aldehyde flavours under temperature of 350°C and three atmospheres (9%, 21% oxygen and 100% nitrogen), respectively. The TG‐DTG curves showed that the selected flavours exhibited different thermal weight loss processes in terms of temperature range, initial release temperature (Ti), temperature at maximum weight loss rate (Tmax) and final release temperature (Tf). The Tmax of six aldehyde flavours was located between 173.73°C and 269.12°C depending on the thermal stability. Among them, cinnamaldehyde and p‐anisaldehyde possessed the lowest and highest comprehensive release index (CRI) values of 1.07 × 10−3%/(min × oC2) and 9.81 × 10−3%/(min × oC2), respectively. Meanwhile, DSC analysis showed that all aldehyde flavours exhibited different heat absorption behaviour, and the enthalpy changes ranged from 236.10 to 393.80 J/g. According to the distribution of released pyrolytic products, the selected flavours can be classified as stabilised aldehydes and significantly pyrolytic aldehydes, and the heating atmospheres exhibited an obvious effect on the thermal release behaviour of aldehyde flavours. In addition, the possible pyrolysis schemes of significantly pyrolytic aldehydes were proposed based on the molecular structure.
Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide Alleviates Amyloid‐β‐Induced Toxicity in the Caenorhabditis elegans Model
Authors: An Lu , Wang Wenbo , Chu Jihao , An Lin , Geng Bingyu , Fu Xueqi , Chen Jing , Ma Junfeng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, primarily characterized by the aggregation of β‐amyloid (Aβ) peptides and associated oxidative stress. Given the lack of effective AD drugs, we investigated the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), a water‐soluble polysaccharide from goji berries, on Aβ scavenging, aggregation, and Aβ‐induced toxicity using the transgenic AD nematode. LBP treatment delayed paralysis, mitigated Aβ‐induced chemotaxis deficits, and reduced Aβ1–42 deposition and oligomer formation in AD nematodes. Furthermore, LBP supplementation alleviated Aβ‐induced oxidative stress and improved oxidative stress resistance through the insulin/insulin growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) signaling (IIS) pathway. Evaluation of the Aβ clearance pathway revealed that LBP attenuated Aβ toxicity by increasing proteasome activity rather than lysosomal levels. Basic physiological assessments further indicated that LBP was non‐toxic in vivo and promoted nematode health. Our findings suggest that LBP ameliorates AD‐like symptoms in nematodes by activating the IIS pathway to reduce oxidative stress and enhancing proteasomal activity to clear Aβ aggregates, providing a new theoretical basis for considering LBP as a promising therapeutic drug for AD and related oxidative stress complications.
Numerical Investigation and Machine Learning Predictions for Enhanced Thermal Management in Pulsating Heat Pipes: Modeling Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Nuclear Applications
Authors: Khosravian Erfan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of the performance of pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) within nuclear reactor cooling systems. A volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to simulate the complex multiphase flow, providing detailed insights into fluid distribution, phase interactions, and temperature variations under different operating conditions. The simulations revealed distinct phase separation and convective flow patterns that enhance heat transfer efficiency, which is critical for optimizing thermal management in nuclear reactors. Additionally, artificial neural network (ANN) models were employed to predict volume fractions and wall temperatures, achieving high accuracy with R2 values of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively, and low mean absolute errors (MAE). The ANN models also reduced computational time by 90% compared to traditional numerical simulations. These findings highlight the potential of PHPs to improve heat transfer in nuclear systems and demonstrate the practicality of ANN models for real‐time thermal optimization. The research contributes to enhancing the safety and efficiency of nuclear reactor cooling systems, with broader implications for thermal management across various engineering applications.
Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Bioactivity Evaluation of Two Alkaloids From Piper chaba H. Stem: A Traditional Medicinal Spice and Its Chemico‐Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Shandhi Shabiba Parvin , Richi Fahmida Tasnim , Alam Safaet , Ahamed Kutub Uddin , Emon Nazim Uddin , Ahmed Najneen , Shao Chuxiao , Wang Shuanghu , Geng Peiwu , Al Mamun Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBangladesh is endowed with an abundance of excellent medicinal plant resources. A well‐known traditional medicinal plant Piper chaba H. from the Piperaceae family is rich in bioactive phytochemicals that have antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, and cytotoxic effects. This plant is locally known as “Chuijhal,” and the stem is used as spices. In the current research program, the stems of the P. chaba plant were selected and its chemical and biological investigations such as antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, and analgesic effects were performed. Moreover, docking models were accomplished by exploiting PyRx‐Virtual Screening software and implied that isolated compounds of P. chaba exert different pharmacological activity by inhibiting their targeted receptors. Phytochemical investigations revealed the isolation of Chingchengenamide A, a relatively rare alkaloid from the stems of P. chaba. Another alkaloid Chabamide I which is a piperine dimer was also isolated. Their structures were confirmed by comparing these compounds' spectral data (1H and 13C NMR) with their previously published spectral data. Antidiarrheal activity shows a percent reduction of diarrhea by 46.67% and 40%, respectively, for Chabamide I and Chingchengenamide A (at 20 mg/kg b.w.) compared with an 80% reduction by standard loperamide. Similarly, the percent reduction of writhing was 53.06% and 42.86%, respectively, for Chabamide I and Chingchengenamide A at similar doses compared with an 80% reduction by diclofenac sodium considered as standard. Both the alkaloids showed auspicious outcomes against test microorganisms during disk diffusion antimicrobial assay. Molecular docking and ADME/T analysis of the alkaloids also validate a potent pharmacological basis for the traditional utilization of P. chaba in treating diarrhea, pain, and microbial infection. These results emphasize the need to investigate P. chaba as a potential source of natural therapies for common health issues, laying the foundation for future research.
The Mediterranean Valleys Revisited
Authors: Bintliff John 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe publication of The Mediterranean Valleys by Claudio Vita‐Finzi in 1969 produced a radical change in research perspectives for our understanding of the timing and causation of erosional and depositional sequences in this macro‐region. This article will trace the debates that arose from this book and outline our current understanding of the interaction between human impact, short‐ and long‐term climatic fluctuations and landscape variability in moulding the development of Mediterranean surface landforms during the Holocene era.
Frailty and the Survival Outcomes of Patients With Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: McCann Cameron , Hurley Rhona , McGovern Josh , Knight Katrina , Rattray Nicholas J. W. , Douglas Catriona M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFrailty increases the risk of mortality in the head and neck cancer population. This study examines the association between frailty and survival outcomes in patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC).MethodRetrospective data collection from patients in the West of Scotland diagnosed with LSCC between 2014 and 2020. The Modified Five Item Frailty Index (mFI‐5) measures frailty and categorizes patients according to their level of frailty. Statistical tests used were the Mann–Whitney U‐test or ANOVA for differences in means and survival analyses for overall survival time.ResultsThere were 867 patients included. Seventy‐eight percent (n = 676) of patients were deemed frail. Median survival for “not frail” patients was 78 months and “severely frail” was 23 months. The palliative treatment group had worse overall survival outcomes compared to curative (hazard ratio (HR) of 7.96, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrates frailty is common in patients with LSCC and leads to worse mortality and survival outcomes.