bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational Flexibility of GE’s F-Class Gas Turbines With the DLN2.6+ Combustion System
Authors: York William D. , Simons Derrick W. , Fu Yongqiang 
Published: August 2018

F-class gas turbines comprise a major part of the heavy-duty gas turbine power generation fleet worldwide, despite increasing penetration of H/J class turbines. F-class gas turbines see a wide range of applications, including simple cycle peaking operation, base load combined cycle, demand following in simple or combined cycle, and cogeneration. Because of the different applications, local power market dynamics, and varied emissions regulations by region or jurisdiction, there is a need for operational flexibility of the gas turbine and the combustion system.
In 2015, GE introduced a DLN2.6+ combustion system for new and existing 7F gas turbines. Approximately 50 are now in operation on 7F.04 and 7F.05 turbines, combining for nearly 150,000 fired hours. The system has been demonstrated to deliver 5 ppm NOx emissions @ 15% O2, and it exhibits a wide window of operation without significant thermoacoustic instabilities, owing the capability to premixed pilot flames on the main swirl fuel-air premixers, low system residence time, and air path improvements. Based on the success on the 7F, this combustion system is being applied to the 6F.03 in 2018.
This paper highlights the flexibility of the 7F and 6F.03 DLN2.6+ combustion system and the enabling technology features. The advanced OpFlex* AutoTune control system tightly controls NOx emissions, adjusts fuel splits to stay clear of instabilities, and gives operators the ability to prioritize emissions or peak load output. Because of the low-NOx capability of the system, it is often being pushed to higher combustor exit temperatures, 35°C or more above the original target. The gas turbine is still meeting 9 or 15 ppm NOx emissions while delivering nearly 12% additional output in some cases. Single-can rig test and engine field test results show a relatively gentle NOx increase over the large range of combustor exit temperature because of the careful control of the premixed pilot fuel split. The four fuel legs are staged in several modes during startup and shutdown to provide robust operation with fast loading capability and low starting emissions, which are shown with engine data. The performance of a turndown-only fueling mode is highlighted with engine measurements of CO at low load. In this mode, the center premixer is not fueled, trading the NOx headroom for a CO emissions benefit that improves turndown. The combustion system has also demonstrated wide-Wobbe capability in emissions compliance. 7F.04 engine NOx and dynamics data are presented with the target heated gas fuel and also with cold fuel, producing a 24% increase in Modified Wobbe Index. The ability to run unheated fuel at base load may reduce the start-up time for a combined cycle plant. Lastly, there is a discussion of a new OpFlex* Variable Load Path digital solution in development that will allow operators to customize the start-up of a combined cycle plant.
Technology Application to MHPS Large Flame F Series Gas Turbine
Authors: Fujimoto Kiyoshi , Fukunaga Yuya , Hada Satoshi , Ai Toshishige , Yuri Masanori , Masada Junichiro 
Published: August 2018

The development of gas turbines, Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. (MHPS) has continued to pursue and contribute to society in terms of global environmental conservation and stable energy supply. MHPS leverages its abundant gas turbine operation experience and takes advantage of its extensive advanced technologies research on the Japanese National Project.
MHPS has been participating in this project since 2004. Recent years’ achievements include the demonstration of a gas turbine combined cycle (GTCC) efficiency in excess of 62% created by increasing the turbine inlet temperature to the 1,600°C class in the M501J in 2011.
The Latest M701F incorporates “J” gas turbine technologies, already applied to actual equipment, for efficiency improvement. It also applies air-cooled combustor technologies successfully validated in the G class, for increased flexibility. The 1st unit started commercial operation in 2015 and currently 4 units has accumulated more than 46,000 actual operating hours collectively.
MHPS is making the upgrading program for existing F-series gas turbines. The proven technology verified in the M501J and developed in the National project increases efficiency and reliability.
This paper explains the features and development status of Latest M701F gas turbine, and explains upgrade program for existing F-series gas turbines.
Associations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D With the Blood Pressure Response to Maximal Exercise Among Healthy Adults
Authors: Zaleski Amanda , Taylor Beth , Armstrong Braden , Puglisi Michael , Clarkson Priscilla , Chipkin Stuart , White Charles Michael , Thompson Paul D. , Pescatello Linda S. 
Published: August 2018

Insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels are associated with high resting blood pressure (BP). However, the relationship between 25(OH)D and the peak systolic BP (SBP) response to exercise, a predictor of future hypertension, has yet to be investigated. We sought to examine the relationship among serum 25(OH)D and the peak SBP response to a graded exercise stress test (GEST) among a large sample (n = 417) of healthy men (49%) and women (51%) over a broad age range (20–76 years; mean age: 44.1 ± 0.8 years). We hypothesized that individuals with clinically insufficient 25(OH)D would have a greater peak SBP response to a GEST compared to individuals with sufficient 25(OH)D levels. Fasting serum 25(OH)D, anthropometrics, resting BP, and peak exercise SBP were obtained at the baseline visit of a larger clinical trial (STOMP; NCT01140308). Mean 25(OH)D levels were 36.1 ± 0.7 ng/ml, with ∼35% of individuals classified as insufficient (<30 ng/ml). Average resting BP was 119 ± 13 mmHg/75 ± 10 mmHg, with 52.3% considered to have normal BP, while 25.2% had elevated BP and 22.5% had established hypertension. The peak SBP response to a GEST was similar between individuals with sufficient (48 ± 19 mmHg) versus insufficient (48 ± 18 mmHg) 25(OH)D (p = 1.000). One unexpected finding emerged such that individuals with sufficient 25(OH)D had higher resting SBP (120 ± 14 mmHg vs. 117 ± 13 mmHg; p = .020) than individuals with insufficient 25(OH)D. In contrast to our hypothesis, 25(OH)D levels were not associated with the peak SBP response to a GEST. Baseline 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with resting SBP; however, the magnitude of this effect is likely not clinically meaningful.
Clinical and multi-omics cross-phenotyping of patients with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases: the observational TRANSIMMUNOM protocol
Authors: Lorenzon Roberta , Mariotti-Ferrandiz Encarnita , Aheng Caroline , Ribet Claire , Toumi Ferial , Pitoiset Fabien , Chaara Wahiba , Derian Nicolas , Johanet Catherine , Drakos Iannis , Harris Sophie , Amselem Serge , Berenbaum Francis , Benveniste Olivier , Bodaghi Bahram , Cacoub Patrice , Grateau Gilles , Amouyal Chloe , Hartemann Agnes , Saadoun David , Sellam Jeremie , Seksik Philippe , Sokol Harry , Salem Joe-Elie , Vicaut Eric , Six Adrien , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Bernard Claude , Klatzmann David 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionAutoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) represent a socioeconomic burden as the second cause of chronic illness in Western countries. In this context, the TRANSIMMUNOM clinical protocol is designed to revisit the nosology of AIDs by combining basic, clinical and information sciences. Based on classical and systems biology analyses, it aims to uncover important phenotypes that cut across diagnostic groups so as to discover biomarkers and identify novel therapeutic targets.Methods and analysisTRANSIMMUNOM is an observational clinical protocol that aims to cross-phenotype a set of 19 AIDs, six related control diseases and healthy volunteers . We assembled a multidisciplinary cohort management team tasked with (1) selecting informative biological (routine and omics type) and clinical parameters to be captured, (2) standardising the sample collection and shipment circuit, (3) selecting omics technologies and benchmarking omics data providers, (4) designing and implementing a multidisease electronic case report form and an omics database and (5) implementing supervised and unsupervised data analyses.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the institutional review board of Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (ethics committee Ile-De-France 48–15) and done in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and good clinical practice. Written informed consent is obtained from all participants before enrolment in the study. TRANSIMMUNOM’s project website provides information about the protocol (https://www.transimmunom.fr/en/) including experimental set-up and tool developments. Results will be disseminated during annual scientific committees appraising the project progresses and at national and international scientific conferences.DiscussionSystems biology approaches are increasingly implemented in human pathophysiology research. The TRANSIMMUNOM study applies such approach to the pathophysiology of AIDs. We believe that this translational systems immunology approach has the potential to provide breakthrough discoveries for better understanding and treatment of AIDs.Trial registration numberNCT02466217; Pre-results.
To what extent is the elevated risk of psychological distress in people with diabetes accounted for by physical disability? Findings from a large population-based study
Authors: Elmira Elza , Banks Emily , Joshy Grace 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesPeople with diabetes experience an elevated risk of psychological distress compared with people without diabetes. It is unclear how much of this elevated risk is attributable to the greater levels of physical disability in people with diabetes, and how this risk varies according to sociodemographic and health-behavioural characteristics. This study quantified levels of psychological distress in people with and without diabetes, considering these factors.DesignCross-sectional analysis of questionnaire data.SettingMen and women aged ≥45 years, in the 45 and Up Study, from New South Wales, Australia.Participants236 441 people who completed the baseline postal questionnaire (distributed from 1 January 2006–31 December 2008), with valid data for diabetes status and psychological distress.Primary outcome measuresHigh psychological distress (Kessler-10 >22). Modified Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs), comparing prevalence of high psychological distress among those with and without diabetes and across physical functional limitation (PFL) levels, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOverall, 8.4% (19 803/236 441) of participants reported diabetes. 11.8% (2339) of individuals with diabetes and 7.2% (15 664) without diabetes had high psychological distress: age-adjusted and sex-adjusted PR=1.89 (95% CI 1.81 to 1.97), becoming 1.58 (1.52 to 1.65) and 1.22 (1.17 to 1.27) following additional adjustment for sociodemographic factors, health behaviours and additionally for PFL, respectively. Compared with individuals with neither diabetes nor PFL, the adjusted PRs for high psychological distress were: 1.37 (1.17 to 1.60) with diabetes but no PFL, 7.33 (7.00 to 7.67) without diabetes but with severe PFL and 8.89 (8.36 to 9.46) with both diabetes and severe PFL.ConclusionsPeople with diabetes have a 60% greater risk of high psychological distress than people without diabetes; a substantial proportion of this elevation is attributable to higher levels of disability with diabetes, especially factoring in measurement error. Psychological distress is strongly related to physical impairment.
1-Methylcyclopropene affects the shelf-life quality of controlled atmosphere stored ‘Cold Snap™’ pears
Authors: Flaherty Edward J. , DeEll Jennifer R. , Shelp Barry J. , Bozzo Gale G. 
Published: August 2018

1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and a controlled atmosphere (CA; elevated CO2 and low O2 partial pressures) preserve the overall quality of ‘Cold Snap™’ pears during low temperature storage, including minimizing physiological disorders. In two separate years, we determined the impact of 1-MCP (0 or 300 nL L−1), pre-storage conditioning (0, 3, or 7 d at 3 °C), and CA (18 or 2.5 kPa O2, and 2 kPa CO2) on the shelf-life quality of ‘Cold Snap™’ pears following their removal from storage at 0 °C. In both years, 1-MCP effectively reduced rates of ethylene production and limited peel yellowing and fruit softening following the transfer of stored ‘Cold Snap™’ pears to ambient conditions for up to 14 d, regardless of pre-storage conditioning and CA regimen. Moreover, 1-MCP-treated fruit stored under 2.5 kPa O2/2 kPa CO2 developed lower incidences of senescent scald, regardless of the pre-storage conditioning period. In year one, this treatment combination also limited internal breakdown and internal cavity development, whereas the incidence of internal cavities was highest in 1-MCP-treated fruit in year two, regardless of pre-storage conditioning period, O2 partial pressure in the storage atmosphere, and shelf-life duration. Principal component analysis revealed that the occurrence of senescent scald and internal breakdown in ‘Cold Snap™’ pears were associated with high rates of ethylene production, peel yellowing, and softening. Similarly, internal cavity development was correlated with most ripening attributes, although the link with fruit softening was inconsistent across both years of the study.
Exhaled NO reference limits in a large population-based sample using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma method
Authors: Jacinto Tiago , Amaral Rita , Malinovschi Andrei , Janson Christer , Fonseca João , Alving Kjell 
Published: August 2018

Absolute values are used in the interpretation of the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), but it has been suggested that equations to calculate reference values may be a practical and clinically useful approach. We hypothesize that the application of the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method may improve FeNO reference equations and their interpretation. Our aims were to develop FeNO reference equations with the LMS method and to describe the difference between this method and the absolute fixed cut-offs of the current recommendations. We utilized the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007–2012 and included healthy individuals with no respiratory diseases and blood eosinophils <300/mm3 ( n = 8,340). Natural log-transformed FeNO was modeled using the LMS method, imbedded in the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape models. A set of FeNO reference equations was developed. The explanatory variables were sex, age, height, smoking habits, and race/ethnicity. A significant proportion of individuals with normal FeNO given by the equations were classified as having intermediate levels by the current recommendations. Further lower predicted FeNO compared with previous linear models was seen. In conclusion, we suggest a novel model for the prediction of reference FeNO values that can contribute to the interpretation of FeNO in clinical practice. This approach should be further validated in large samples with an objective measurement of atopy and a medical diagnosis of asthma and rhinitis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Novel reference equations and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO)-predicted values to improve interpretation of FeNO in clinical practice are presented. These may increase the accuracy of ruling out airway inflammation in patients with asthma or suspected asthma.
Noninvasive allergic sinus congestion and resolution assessments using microcomputed tomography imaging
Authors: Litvinov Julia , Spear Walter C. , Patrikeev Igor , Motamedi Massoud , Ameredes Bill T. 
Published: August 2018

Sinus congestion resultant of allergic rhinosinusitis is associated with development and worsening of asthma and can result in difficulty breathing, headaches, and missed days of school and work. Quantification of sinus congestion is important in the understanding of allergic rhinosinusitis and the development of new drugs for its treatment. Noninvasive microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) was investigated in a guinea pig model of allergic rhinosinusitis to determine its utility to determine accurately the degree of sinus congestion and resolution with anti-inflammatory drug administration. Three-dimensional sinus air-space volume, two-dimensional sinus width, sinus image air-space area, and sinus image sinus perimeter were measured in guinea pigs administered ragweed pollen (RWP), intranasally (i.n.), followed by administration of fluticasone, i.n. To determine their relative accuracy in assessing sinus congestion, the micro-CT image results were compared with the “gold-standard” method of sinus fluid fill-volume (SFFV) measurements. As measured by SFFV method, RWP increased sinus congestion in a RWP concentration-dependent fashion, approaching near-total sinus blockage with concentrations ≥22 µg of RWP. At this level of congestion, fluticasone (25–100 µg) progressively decreased sinus congestion in a concentration-dependent fashion. The noninvasive micro-CT methods were found to accurately determine the amount of sinus congestion and resolution, with patterns of increases and decreases of congestion that were nearly identical to the SFFV method. We conclude that noninvasive micro-CT measurements of allergic sinus congestion can be useful as an investigative tool in the assessment of congestion intensity and the development of new drug therapies for its treatment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Allergic rhinosinusitis afflicts significant portions of the world population, resulting in loss of work productivity and decreased quality of life. Thus the development of methodological approaches, which incorporate accurate and reproducible noninvasive assessments of sinus congestion, are desirable. Microcomputed tomography of the guinea pig sinuses offers a noninvasive evaluation tool in an animal model of IgE-dependent allergy similar to that in humans, with potential relevance toward development of therapeutics for human sinus diseases.
Preclinical Evaluation of Nintedanib, a Triple Angiokinase Inhibitor, in Soft-tissue Sarcoma: Potential Therapeutic Implication for Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Patwardhan Parag P. , Musi Elgilda , Schwartz Gary K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Sarcomas are rare cancers that make up about 1% of all cancers in adults; however, they occur more commonly among children and young adolescents. Sarcomas are genetically complex and are often difficult to treat given the lack of clinical efficacy of any of the currently available therapies. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) such as c-Kit, c-Met, PDGFR, IGF-1R, as well as FGFR have all been reported to be involved in driving tumor development and progression in adult and pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma. These driver kinases often act as critical determinants of tumor cell proliferation and targeting these signal transduction pathways remains an attractive therapeutic approach. Nintedanib, a potent triple angiokinase inhibitor, targets PDGFR, VEGFR, and FGFR pathways critical for tumor angiogenesis and vasculature. In this study, we evaluated the preclinical efficacy of nintedanib in soft-tissue sarcoma cell lines. Nintedanib treatment resulted in significant antiproliferative effect in vitro in cell lines with high expression of RTK drug targets. Furthermore, treatment with nintedanib showed significant downregulation of downstream phosphorylated AKT and ERK1/2. Finally, treatment with nintedanib resulted in significant tumor growth suppression in mouse xenograft model of synovial sarcoma. Notably, both the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of nintedanib was superior to that of imatinib, another multikinase inhibitor, previously tested with minimal success in clinical trials in sarcoma. Overall, the data from this study provide a strong rationale to warrant further clinical exploration of this drug in patients with synovial sarcoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2329–40. ©2018 AACR.
Ritornell and Episodic Composition in Empedocles
Authors: Gheerbrant Xavier 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Empedocles made use of two typical features of hexameter composition: Ritornellkomposition and episodic composition. By repeating lines in non-linear and non-circular patterns, Empedocles organized the episodes that made up his poem and invited his audience to reconstruct the relationship between them. Differences within repeated lines are not just variations but significant linguistic elements that determine the meaning: whereas the notion of repetition is misleading because it is vague and puts too much emphasis on similitude, a model that combines the notion of Ritornell with that of episodic composition allows us to apprehend more fully the meaning of the poetic organization of the material.
The Complexity of Epic Diction
Authors: Kahane Ahuvia 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article offers a revised interpretation of the relationship between form and meaning in Greek epic hexameter diction, binding our understanding of traditional language and idiolects as well as patterns and their exception within a single, systematic approach. The article draws on methodological (and underlying philosophical) principles embedded in contemporary cognitive functional linguistics, usage-based grammar, and the study of language as a complex adaptive system (which emerges from the study of complexity in the sciences). Fundamental to work within these fields in recent decades is the rejection of paradigmatic linguistic approaches (such as traditional Greek and Latin grammar, Saussure and his emphasis on langue, Chomskyan transformations) and the polarities of form and content paradigmatic analysis often assumes. Usage-based linguistics place emphasis on signification and symbolic functions, communicative exchange, and contingent historical evolutionary processes as the primary realities of language and language formation. Grammar is regarded, not as an underlying universal structure, but as an epiphenomenal linguistic symptom. The study of complexity in linguistics expands such perspectives to provide a deep, scientific argument that binds rule-based usage and unpredictable exceptions and anomalies within a single, integrated system. Key elements of these perspectives can be extrapolated already from Milman Parry’s early observations on analogy—even as the full implications of these observations could not have been understood within the historical framework of Parry’s methodology. Various examples from the Iliad and the Odyssey, especially the usage of the formula ton d’ apameibomenos, illustrates the argument for the complexity of epic diction.
Penelope as a Tragic Heroine
Authors: Murnaghan Sheila 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Attention to the ways in which Homeric epic is shaped by its engagement with choral lyric reveals continuities between epic and tragedy that go beyond tragedy’s mythical subject matter and the characteristics of tragic dialogue: both poetic forms rework the circumstances of choral performance into fictional events. This point can be illustrated through the figure of Penelope in the Odyssey who, like many tragic heroines, is in effect a displaced chorus leader. Penelope’s situation and her relations with her serving women, especially with the twelve disloyal maids whose punishment takes the form of a distorted choral dance, anticipate the circumstances of the tragic stage, in which individual characters act and suffer in the constant presence of choral groups.