bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development, implementation and evaluation of an advanced practice in continence and women's health physiotherapy model of care
Authors: Brennen Robyn , Sherburn Margaret , Rosamilia Anna 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundWith public health facing workforce shortages, increasing costs and increasing demands, innovative patient pathways are vital to meet patient needs. Advanced practice physiotherapy roles are well established in emergency departments and musculoskeletal/orthopaedic services and have begun to emerge in other clinical areas.AimsIn 2014, the Royal Women's Hospital, Monash Health and Barwon Health received a Victorian Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Workforce Innovation grant to develop and implement an advanced practice in continence and women's health physiotherapy assessment model of care.Material and MethodsA new model of care was developed with an advanced practice physiotherapy‐led assessment clinic integrated into the triage and assessment process of gynaecology, urogynaecology and urology clinics in major public health centres. A clinical competency and credentialing pathway and toolkit were developed to support training and development of advanced practice skills for senior physiotherapists in this clinical area. The initial assessment of the new model of care was undertaken by DHHS and Price‐Waterhouse Coopers, including access to care, cost of assessment and safety.ResultsAn advanced practice continence and women's health physiotherapy assessment clinic was implemented safely and contributed to improved access to care as assessed by reduced waiting lists and waiting times for assessment, with high levels of patient satisfaction and no adverse events.ConclusionAdvanced practice continence and women's health physiotherapy clinics can contribute to streamlined, cost‐efficient triage and assessment processes for patients with urological or gynaecological issues attending tertiary medical clinics.
Decreased total psoas muscle area after neoadjuvant therapy is a predictor of increased mortality in patients undergoing oesophageal cancer resection
Authors: Yassaie Shahed S. , Keane Celia , French Stephen J. H. , Al‐Herz Fadhel A. J. , Young Michael K. , Gordon Alexandra C. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundOesophagectomy for locally advanced cancer carries high rates of morbidity and mortality. Patients require a thorough risk assessment alongside preoperative counselling. Total psoas area (TPA) measurements have been used as a surrogate marker of sarcopenia to predict post‐operative complications in oesophageal cancer patients. No studies to date have determined whether there is an association between the proportion of TPA lost during neoadjuvant therapy and post‐operative outcomes.MethodsClinical data and imaging of patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by open two‐stage oesophagectomy between January 2008 and April 2018 were analysed retrospectively. Patients who did not undergo restaging computed tomography scan prior to surgery were excluded from the study. The TPA was measured on two cross‐sectional slices at L4 on computed tomography scans pre‐ and post‐neoadjuvant therapy.ResultsA total of 53 patients who met inclusion criteria were identified. The mean loss of TPA was 7.3%. Patients who had a decrease of TPA of more than 4% had significantly increased 30‐day mortality compared to those who lost 4% or less (24% versus 0%, P = 0.02). Patients aged over 65 years who also had a loss of TPA >4% had significantly increased 30‐day mortality (37% versus 2.9%, odds ratio 19, P = 0.008).ConclusionA decrease in TPA of >4% is associated with a significantly higher risk of post‐operative mortality in patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy followed by oesophagectomy. Measuring the loss of TPA during neoadjuvant treatment could be a novel aid to preoperative risk assessment.
Adverse impact of malnutrition markers on major abdominopelvic cancer surgery
Authors: Sathianathen Niranjan J. , Kwaan Mary , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Weight Christopher J. , Kim Simon P. , Murphy Declan G. , Moon Daniel A. , Konety Badrinath R. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundMalnutrition has been associated with adverse postoperative outcomes in a range of procedures but none have evaluated the interaction between clinical indicators of malnutrition. We aimed to comparatively evaluate how combinations of nutritional parameters impact postoperative outcomes amongst patients undergoing major cancer operations.MethodsMajor abdominopelvic cancer surgery cases (colectomy, cystectomy, esophagectomy, gastrectomy, hysterectomy, nephrectomy, pancreatectomy, pneumonectomy and prostatectomy) were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2007–2016. Malnutrition was defined by the presence of the following parameters: body mass index <18.5 kg/m2; preoperative serum albumin <3.0 g/dL or more than 10% weight loss in the last 6 months. Malnourished cases were matched with cases with satisfactory nutritional status using propensity scores. The primary outcome was the incidence of Clavien III–IV complications.ResultsOf the 30 207 cases included, 8.5% had at least one marker of malnutrition. The incidence of Clavien III–IV complications across all cases was 5.8%. In the matched cohort, malnourished cases had a higher rate of complications than those with adequate nutritional status (11.3% versus 9.6%, P = 0.018). A correlation was observed between the number of malnutrition markers possessed and the incidence of Clavien III–V complications. Cases with all three makers had the highest likelihood of experiencing a complication (odds ratio 5.47, 95% confidence interval 1.85–16.17).ConclusionPoor nutritional status confers an increased risk of major postoperative complications and being discharged to a facility in non‐upper gastrointestinal cancer patients. There was a correlation between the number of malnutrition parameters and the risk of complications.
Anti‐fibrotic mechanisms of angiotensin AT2‐receptor stimulation
Authors: Sumners Colin , Peluso Antonio Augusto , Haugaard Andreas Houe , Bertelsen Jesper Bork , Steckelings Ulrike Muscha 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe angiotensin AT2‐receptor is a main receptor of the protective arm of the renin‐angiotensin system. Understanding of this unconventional G‐protein coupled receptor has significantly advanced during the past decade, largely because of the availability of a selective non‐peptide AT2‐receptor agonist, which allowed the conduct of a multitude of studies in animal disease models. This article reviews such preclinical studies that in their entirety provide strong evidence for an anti‐fibrotic effect mediated by activation of the AT2‐receptor. Prevention of the development of fibrosis by AT2‐receptor stimulation has been demonstrated in lungs, heart, blood vessels, kidney, pancreas and skin. In lungs, AT2‐receptor stimulation was even able to reverse existing fibrosis. The article further discusses intracellular signalling mechanisms mediating the AT2‐receptor‐coupled anti‐fibrotic effect, including activation of phosphatases and subsequent interference with pro‐fibrotic signalling pathways, induction of matrix‐metalloproteinases and hetero‐dimerization with the AT1‐receptor, the TGF‐βRII‐receptor or the RXFP1‐receptor for relaxin. Knowledge of the anti‐fibrotic effects of the AT2‐receptor is of particular relevance because drugs targeting this receptor have entered clinical development for indications involving fibrotic diseases.
Effects of publication bias on conservation planning
Authors: Hickisch R. , Hodgetts T. , Johnson P. J. , Sillero‐Zubiri C. , Tockner K. , Macdonald D.W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConservation planners need reliable information on spatial patterns of biodiversity. However, existing data sets are skewed because some ecosystems, taxa, and locations are underrepresented. We determined how many articles have been published in recent decades on the biodiversity of different countries and their constituent provinces. We searched the Web of Science catalogues Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) for biodiversity‐related articles published from 1993 to 2016 that included country and province names. We combined data on research publication frequency with other provincial‐scale factors hypothesized to affect the likelihood of research activity (i.e., economic development, human presence, infrastructure, and remoteness). Areas that appeared understudied relative to the biodiversity expected based on site climate likely have been inaccessible to researchers for reasons, notably armed conflict. Geographic publication bias is of most concern in the most remote areas of sub‐Saharan Africa and South America. Our provincial‐scale model may help compensate for publication biases in conservation planning by revealing the spatial extent of research needs and the low cost of redoing this analysis annually.
Lymphomatoid papulosis type E with a CD56+ immunophenotype presenting with purpura‐like lesions
Authors: Ba Wei , Yin Guang , Yang Jingrun , Zhang Ziyan , Wang Wenjuan , Zhao Zigang , Chen Hongxiao , Li Chengxin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) type E is a recently described variant characterized by the occurrence of large necrotic eschar‐like lesions displaying microscopically angioinvasive and angiodestructive infiltrates of CD30+ lymphocytes, frequently coexpressing CD8. Rare cases of LyP type E with a CD56+ immunophenotype have been described. Herein, we describe a 36‐year‐old woman with LyP type E, characterized by purpura‐like lesions on her left ankle. Initially, she presented with left ankle swelling, petechiae and ecchymosis, and rapidly developing necrotic papules, all of which resolved spontaneously over a period of a few months without intentional therapy. Biopsy revealed CD30 and CD56 positive atypical cell infiltrates with marked angiocentricity and angiodestruction. Awareness of this rare LyP variant and its correct recognition, even if the clinical presentation is unusual, is important to avoid aggressive treatment.
Hereditäres Angioödem in Österreich: Prävalenz und regionale Besonderheiten
Authors: Schöffl Clemens , Wiednig Michaela , Koch Lukas , Blagojevic Daniel , Duschet Peter , Hawranek Thomas , Kinaciyan Tamar , Öllinger Angela , Aberer Werner 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungHintergrundZur Prävalenz und zu den klinischen Merkmalen österreichischer Patienten mit hereditärem Angioödem (HAE) mit C1‐Esterase‐Inhibitor (C1‐INH)‐Defizienz (HAE‐1) oder ‐Dysfunktion (HAE‐2) liegen keine Daten vor.MethodikIn einer landesweiten Befragung wurden aktuelle Basisdaten erfasst. Krankenakten der HAE‐Patienten der medizinischen Universität Graz wurden im Hinblick auf klinische Merkmale ausgewertet.ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden 137 Patienten identifiziert, was einer Prävalenz von 1 : 64 396 entspricht. Das mediane Alter bei Einsetzen der Symptome betrug 6,5 Jahre, das mediane Alter zum Zeitpunkt der korrekten Diagnose 21,0 Jahre. Die mediane diagnostische Verzögerung lag bei 15,0 Jahren bei neu diagnostizierten Patienten ohne HAE in der Familienanamnese. Patienten mit HAE in der Familienanamnese erhielten ihre Diagnose unmittelbar. HAE‐Patienten ohne HAE in der Familienanamnese, die vor 1960 geboren wurden, mussten bis zur korrekten Diagnose im Median 16,0 Jahre warten. Bei Patienten, die nach 1980 geboren wurden, betrug die mediane Zeit bis zur Diagnose immer noch 6,5 Jahre.SchlussfolgerungenPatienten mit hereditärem Angioödem müssen in einigen Teilen Österreichs nach wie vor mit einer unverhältnismäßig langen diagnostischen Verzögerung rechnen, oder ihre Erkrankung wird unter Umständen selbst von Spezialisten nicht erkannt. Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Notwendigkeit, das Bewusstsein für HAE zu stärken.
The interplay of landscape composition and configuration: new pathways to manage functional biodiversity and agroecosystem services across Europe
Authors: Martin Emily A. , Dainese Matteo , Clough Yann , Báldi András , Bommarco Riccardo , Gagic Vesna , Garratt Michael P.D. , Holzschuh Andrea , Kleijn David , Kovács‐Hostyánszki Anikó , Marini Lorenzo , Potts Simon G. , Smith Henrik G. , Al Hassan Diab , Albrecht Matthias , Andersson Georg K.S. , Asís Josep D. , Aviron Stéphanie , Balzan Mario V. , Baños‐Picón Laura , Bartomeus Ignasi , Batáry Péter , Burel Francoise , Caballero‐López Berta , Concepción Elena D. , Coudrain Valérie , Dänhardt Juliana , Diaz Mario , Diekötter Tim , Dormann Carsten F. , Duflot Rémi , Entling Martin H. , Farwig Nina , Fischer Christina , Frank Thomas , Garibaldi Lucas A. , Hermann John , Herzog Felix , Inclán Diego , Jacot Katja , Jauker Frank , Jeanneret Philippe , Kaiser Marina , Krauss Jochen , Le Féon Violette , Marshall Jon , Moonen Anna‐Camilla , Moreno Gerardo , Riedinger Verena , Rundlöf Maj , Rusch Adrien , Scheper Jeroen , Schneider Gudrun , Schüepp Christof , Stutz Sonja , Sutter Louis , Tamburini Giovanni , Thies Carsten , Tormos José , Tscharntke Teja , Tschumi Matthias , Uzman Deniz , Wagner Christian , Zubair‐Anjum Muhammad , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: April 2019

AbstractManaging agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity and ecosystem services is a key aim of a sustainable agriculture. However, how the spatial arrangement of crop fields and other habitats in landscapes impacts arthropods and their functions is poorly known. Synthesising data from 49 studies (1515 landscapes) across Europe, we examined effects of landscape composition (% habitats) and configuration (edge density) on arthropods in fields and their margins, pest control, pollination and yields. Configuration effects interacted with the proportions of crop and non‐crop habitats, and species’ dietary, dispersal and overwintering traits led to contrasting responses to landscape variables. Overall, however, in landscapes with high edge density, 70% of pollinator and 44% of natural enemy species reached highest abundances and pollination and pest control improved 1.7‐ and 1.4‐fold respectively. Arable‐dominated landscapes with high edge densities achieved high yields. This suggests that enhancing edge density in European agroecosystems can promote functional biodiversity and yield‐enhancing ecosystem services.
Tricalcium silicate cements: osteogenic and angiogenic responses of human bone marrow stem cells
Authors: Ali Mohamed R. W. , Mustafa Manal , Bårdsen Asgeir , Bletsa Athanasia 
Published: April 2019

Tricalcium silicate cements (TSCs) are used in endodontic procedures to promote wound healing and hard tissue formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of commonly used TSCs [mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and TotalFill] on cellular metabolism and osteogenic/angiogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in vitro. We tested the null hypothesis of no difference between MTA, Biodentine, and TotalFill in stem cell responses. Cells were subjected to eluates of the tested materials for up to 14 d. Cell viability was evaluated using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazoyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Real‐time PCR was used to determine the levels of expression of the osteogenic factors alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC), and collagen 1A (COL1A1), and the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1). ELISAs were used to measure the levels of VEGFA and ALP in culture supernatants. Mineralization in vitro of hBMSCs was assessed using Alizarin Red staining. The hBMSCs tolerated exposure to TSCs well, with Biodentine showing the most favorable effect on cell viability. Expression of ALP, COL1A1, OPG, and VEGFA were differentially affected by the materials, with Biodentine and TotalFill inducing earlier changes at gene level. Increased mineralization was observed with time, after exposure to all TSCs tested, with MTA showing the greatest effect. The results revealed different responses of hBMSCs to TSCs in vitro.
Duration of therapeutic coma and outcome of refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Muhlhofer Wolfgang G. , Layfield Stephen , Lowenstein Daniel , Lin Chee Paul , Johnson Robert D. , Saini Shalini , Szaflarski Jerzy P. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryObjectiveExamine the association of duration of therapeutic coma (TC) with seizure recurrence, morbidity, and mortality in refractory status epilepticus (RSE). Define an optimal window for TC that provides sustained seizure control and minimizes complications.MethodsRetrospective, observational cohort study involving patients who presented with RSE to the University of Alabama at Birmingham or the University of California at San Francisco from 2010 to 2016. Relationship of duration of TC with primary and secondary outcomes was evaluated using two‐sample t tests, simple linear regression, and chi‐square tests. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to identify independent predictors. Predictive ability of TC for seizure recurrence was quantified using a receiver‐operating characteristic curve. Youden index was used to determine an optimal cutoff value.ResultsMultivariable analysis of clinical and treatment characteristics of 182 patients who were treated predominantly with propofol as anesthetic agent showed that longer duration of the first trial of TC (27.2 vs 15.6 hours) was independently associated with a higher chance of seizure recurrence following the first weaning attempt (P = 0.038) but not with poor functional neurologic outcome upon discharge, in‐hospital complications, or mortality. Furthermore, higher doses of anesthetic utilized during the first trial of TC were independently associated with fewer in‐hospital complications (P = 0.003) and associated with a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and total length of stay. Duration of TC was identified as an independent predictor of seizure recurrence with an optimal cutoff point at 35 hours.SignificanceThis study suggests that a shorter duration yet deeper TC as treatment for RSE may be more effective and safer than the currently recommended TC duration of 24‐48 hours. Prospective and randomized trials should be conducted to validate these assertions.
Beaver‐created successional gradients increase β‐diversity of invertebrates by turnover in stream‐wetland complexes
Authors: Bush Bryana M. , Stenert Cristina , Maltchik Leonardo , Batzer Darold P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Beavers are ecosystem engineers known to modify the environment primarily via dam building. Beaver wetlands are complexes of newly created, mature, and abandoned beaver constructions within a stream network. Invertebrate dynamics across all habitats derived from these successional stages remains poorly explored.

Here, we test how this natural successional gradient created by beaver affects invertebrate β‐diversity and its components (turnover and nestedness). Invertebrates were sampled in the Piedmont region of Georgia (U.S.A.) in two seasons (autumn and spring) in each of four stages of habitat succession: natural stream channels, forested wetlands created by newly formed beaver dams, mature open wetland marshes, and abandoned wetland meadows.

In autumn, invertebrate communities were different among successional stages, apart from new versus abandoned wetlands and new versus mature wetlands, which were only marginally different, and streams versus abandoned wetlands. In spring, only the mature beaver wetland communities were unique, differing from both streams and from newly formed or abandoned wetlands. Beta‐diversity was nearly twice as high for the overall study‐system than any individual successional stage, which all had similar diversity. Additionally, turnover was significantly higher than nestedness in all stages.

Community differences combined with high turnover among successional stages indicates that beaver wetland communities are not merely a subset of more stable mature wetlands or streams; instead, each stage has a different taxonomic make‐up. Our results strengthen the idea that beaver activity can be an important conservation tool by contributing substantially to diversity in areas where they are present. Beaver wetlands have the potential to help stabilise β‐ and regional diversity in the face of wetland loss from climate change and other human impacts.
Validating the Life Events Scale for the Elderly with proxy‐based data: A case–control psychological autopsy study in rural China
Authors: Mo Qiqing , Zhou Liang , He Qiuping , Jia Cunxian , Ma Zhenyu 
Published: April 2019

AimThe present study aimed to evaluate the validity of proxy informants’ reports on Life Event Scale for the Elderly (LESE) by using psychological autopsy method among rural older adults in China.MethodsA multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select research sites. Using a case–control psychological autopsy study, face‐to‐face interviews were carried out to collect information from 242 suicide cases and 242 living controls. We compared the intensity and number of life events to assess the validity and reliability of LESE with proxy data reported by different informants. Data from proxy respondents of the living controls were compared with data reported by the targets (gold standards). Intraclass correlation coefficients were computed to evaluate the consistency of informants. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the convergent validity and discriminate validity of the LESE.ResultsThe number of life events between different informants showed higher intraclass correlation coefficients values than the intensity of life events, but the results of correlation analysis was similar. The LESE was positively correlated with depression, loneliness and hopelessness, and negatively correlated with quality of life, family function and social support both in suicide cases and living controls.ConclusionsThe LESE has good convergent validity and discriminant validity. LESE is a valid instrument for measuring life events in psychological autopsy studies. We suggest using the number of life events to assess the validity and reliability with proxy data in a psychological autopsy study, which is more reliable than using the intensity of life events. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 547–551.
Outpatient communication patterns in a cancer hospital in China: A qualitative study of doctor–patient encounters
Authors: Tu Jiong , Kang Ge , Zhong Jiudi , Cheng Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe paper characterizes outpatient communication in a major cancer hospital in southern China with regard to the structure, style and focus of doctor–patient communication.MethodFifty‐one encounters between doctors and patients were recorded in the outpatient department of the cancer hospital and analysed inductively to identify patterns of doctor–patient outpatient communication.ResultsOutpatient communication in the cancer hospital is characterized by structuralized conversation, doctor domination of the conversation and a focus on technology during communication. These characteristics suggest an extreme inequality of power between Chinese doctors and patients at the individual level. They are also shaped by the institutional environment of Chinese hospitals.DiscussionMeasures should be taken at both the interpersonal and institutional level to improve doctor–patient communication. At the micro‐interpersonal level, public education and professional skills training are needed to improve communication and promote mutual understanding between patients and doctors. At the macro‐institutional level, changes are needed in terms of transforming the structural factors that shape doctor–patient communication.ConclusionsStructuralized conversation, doctor domination of the conversation and a focus on technology during outpatient encounters present challenges to effective doctor–patient communication. These patterns are shaped by the institutional environment of Chinese hospitals and suggest the extreme power imbalance between Chinese doctors and patients.