bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloud climatology from visual observations at São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Rosas Jorge , Yamasoe Marcia A. , Sena Elisa T. , Rosário Nilton E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractClouds remain as the main uncertainty source in climate studies. Specifically, over urban and other polluted regions, where their properties are subject to anthropic influence, more studies are needed. This study focuses on clouds at the southeast of Brazil, especially on the diurnal and annual cycles, trends of cloud amount and cloud occurrence in one of the biggest metropolitan areas of the world, the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP). For this purpose, 59 years of visual observations of cloud amount and type, made from surface at MASP, are analysed. In addition, trends of total cloud amount in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, are estimated using 30 years of total cloud amount, adding nine synoptic meteorological stations. To assess the reliability of the visual observations, annual‐average time series of cloud amount are compared with ones from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and solar irradiation reaching the surface. The results show that the diurnal cycle of total cloud amount at MASP is highly influenced by low clouds, especially stratiform clouds, which are the predominant cloud type. Moreover, the seasonality of the diurnal cycles was also analysed, with higher amplitude and late‐afternoon occurrence in spring–summer. In winter‐autumn, the maxima of cloud amount diurnal cycles tends to occur at early morning with lower amplitude. The low cloud amount at MASP has undergone an increase, especially in the last 30 years, evidenced when compared annual‐average time series of visual observations and solar irradiation. In contrast, a decrease of total cloud amount in the state of São Paulo, mainly since the beginning of 1990s, is observed in ISCCP and visual observations databases.
Cover Image, Volume 99, Issue 10
Authors: Kim Inhwan , Ku Kyung‐Hyung , Jeong Moon‐Cheol , Kim Sang Seop , Mitchell Alyson E , Lee Jihyun 
Published: June 2019

The cover image is based on the Research Article A comparison of the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of several new early‐ to mid‐season apple cultivars for a warmer climate with traditional cultivars by Inhwan Kim et al., DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9712.
image
Effect of adding fermented split yellow pea flour as a partial replacement of wheat flour in bread
Authors: Bourré Lindsay , McMillin Kasia , Borsuk Yulia , Boyd Lindsey , Lagassé Shelley , Sopiwnyk Elaine , Jones Stuart , Dyck Adam , Malcolmson Linda 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effect of adding fermented split yellow pea flour (SYPF) as a partial replacement for wheat flour in bread was examined. Three sourdough culture levels (3%, 6.5%, and 10%) and two fermentation times (1 and 4 hr) were evaluated. Total titratable acidity of ferment was measured to determine acid development. Bread was baked using three ferment inclusion levels (25%, 35%, and 45%) for each of the six treatment combinations. Nonfermented control bread was baked for each inclusion and culture level by adding the equivalent amount of SYPF and culture to the formulation. Bread was scored for quality and assessed for specific volume, crumb colour, C‐Cell properties, and flavour. Significant main effects were found for inclusion level, culture level, and fermentation time, and a significant Inclusion level × Fermentation time interaction was found for crumb firmness and cell diameter. Breads made with nonfermented SYPF and 10% culture had good flavour with only minor reductions in bread quality compared with a 100% wheat control bread. For the breads made with fermented SYPF, the ferment made with 10% culture fermented for 1 hr and added at an inclusion level of 25% had the most acceptable flavour and bread quality characteristics.
Mitochondrial complex I inhibitor deguelin induces metabolic reprogramming and sensitizes vemurafenib‐resistant BRAFV600E mutation bearing metastatic melanoma cells
Authors: Carpenter Evan L. , Chagani Sharmeen , Nelson Dylan , Cassidy Pamela B. , Laws Madeleine , Ganguli‐Indra Gitali , Indra Arup K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTreatment with vemurafenib, a potent and selective inhibitor of mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling downstream of the BRAFV600E oncogene, elicits dramatic clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. Unfortunately, the clinical utility of this drug is limited by a high incidence of drug resistance. Thus, there is an unmet need for alternative therapeutic strategies to treat vemurafenib‐resistant metastatic melanomas. We have conducted high‐throughput screening of two bioactive compound libraries (Siga and Spectrum libraries) against a metastatic melanoma cell line (A2058) and identified two structurally analogous compounds, deguelin and rotenone, from a cell viability assay. Vemurafenib‐resistant melanoma cell lines, A2058R and A375R (containing the BRAFV600E mutation), also showed reduced proliferation when treated with these two compounds. Deguelin, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, was noted to significantly inhibit oxygen consumption in cellular metabolism assays. Mechanistically, deguelin treatment rapidly activates AMPK signaling, which results in inhibition of mTORC1 signaling and differential phosphorylation of mTORC1's downstream effectors, 4E‐BP1 and p70S6 kinase. Deguelin also significantly inhibited ERK activation and Ki67 expression without altering Akt activation in the same timeframe in the vemurafenib‐resistant melanoma cells. These data posit that treatment with metabolic regulators, such as deguelin, can lead to energy starvation, thereby modulating the intracellular metabolic environment and reducing survival of drug‐resistant melanomas harboring BRAF
V600E mutations.
Thymoquinone reduces intracytoplasmic oxidative stress and improves epigenetic modification in polycystic ovary syndrome mice oocytes, during in‐vitro maturation
Authors: Eini Fatemeh , Bidadkosh Arash , Nazarian Hamid , Piryaei Abbas , Ghaffari Novin Marefat , Joharchi Khojasteh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough in‐vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes has been presented as an alternative treatment to traditional stimulated in‐vitro fertilization, the culture condition can be improved by natural antioxidants. Thus, we investigated the protective effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) during IVM in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice model. The induction of PCOS was made by dehydroepiandrosterone via subcutaneous injection, in prepubertal female B6D2F1‐mice. After 21 days later, germinal vesicle (GV)‐stage‐oocytes were extracted and incubated in IVM media containing 0, 1.0, 10.0, and 100.0 μM of TQ. To assess fertilization and blastulation rates, after 22–24 hr, the treated oocytes were fertilized in‐vitro with epididymal spermatozoa. Some other oocytes were evaluated for maturation, epigenetic, and oxidative stress markers.Similarly, the mRNA expression of epigenetic enzymes genes (Dnmt1 and Hdac1), three maternally derived genes (Mapk, CyclinB, and Cdk1) and apoptosis‐related genes (Bax and Bcl2) were assessed. Our results showed that the maturation, fertilization, and blastulation rates were significantly higher in the 10.0 μM TQ‐treated group compared with the untreated group and likewise with in‐vivo matured oocytes. The Bax expression was reduced in 10.0 μM TQ matured oocytes, but Bcl2, Dnmt1, Hdac1, Cdk1, and Mapk were upregulated in this group compared to other groups. Furthermore, dimethylation of histone‐3 at lysine‐9 (H3K9m2) and DNA methylation were significantly increased whereas H4K12 acetylation (H4K12ac) was decreased in the 10.0 μM TQ‐treated group in comparison with control and in‐vivo matured oocytes. Therefore, our results are suggesting that 10.0 μM TQ may enhance the developmental competence of PCOS oocytes via the modulation of oxidative stress and epigenetic alterations.
Extended quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced cardiac perfusion imaging in mice using accelerated data acquisition and spatially distributed, two‐compartment exchange modeling
Authors: Kwiatkowski Grzegorz , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: June 2019

The objective of the present work was to improve data acquisition and quantification of dynamic contrast‐enhanced perfusion imaging in the in vivo murine heart.Four‐fold undersampled data were acquired in 14 mice and reconstructed using k‐t SPARSE. A two‐compartment exchange model was employed to provide additional characterization of myocardial tissue based on compartment volumes and the permeability surface area product. The feasibility of the proposed method was tested using compartment‐based analysis of contrast‐enhanced perfusion data acquired with intravascular and extracellular contrast agents.A significantly different permeability surface area product was measured for the intravascular versus extracellular contrast agent (0.13–0.15 ml/g/min vs 0.86–0.88 ml/g/min). The reduced extravasation also resulted in significantly smaller interstitial volumes of the intravascular versus extracellular agent (9.8–11% vs 45–47%). No difference was found for myocardial blood flow (6.5–7.2 ml/g/min vs 6.0–7.0 ml/g/min).The results presented here show that two‐compartment exchange modeling in the in vivo murine heart is feasible and gives access to tissue parameters beyond myocardial blood flow.
A scaled boundary finite element formulation for dynamic elastoplastic analysis
Authors: Yang Z.J. , Yao F. , Ooi E.T. , Chen X.W. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis study presents the development of the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) to simulate elastoplastic stress wave propagation problems subjected to transient dynamic loadings. Material nonlinearity is considered by first reformulating the SBFEM to obtain an explicit form of shape functions for polygons with an arbitrary number of sides. The material constitutive matrix and the residual stress fields are then determined as analytical polynomial functions in the scaled boundary coordinates through a local least squares fit to evaluate the elastoplastic stiffness matrix and the residual load vector semianalytically. The treatment of the inertial force within the solution of the nonlinear system of equations is also presented within the SBFEM framework. The nonlinear equation system is solved using the unconditionally stable Newmark time integration algorithm. The proposed formulation is validated using several benchmark numerical examples.
The innovative personality? Policy making and experimentation in an authoritarian bureaucracy
Authors: Hasmath Reza , Teets Jessica C. , Lewis Orion A. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWhy do local officials in an authoritarian bureaucracy experiment with policy, even when directed not to do so by central‐level officials? This study suggests that policy experimentation in this institutional environment can best be understood as an interaction between the structure in which local officials are embedded and individual‐level personality attributes. Leveraging a new data set from a series of original surveys with local policy makers in mainland China, conducted between 2016 and 2018, we discern three baseline personality types: authoritarian, consultative, and entrepreneurial. We thereafter examine the individual‐level characteristics of local officials who will innovate irrespective of a centralization of bureaucratic power and interests, as currently experienced under Chinese President Xi Jinping. We find that local policy makers engage in policy innovation when they are more focused on resolving governance problems and that increased risk reduces but does not eliminate their willingness to innovate. Based on these findings, we contend that future studies of policy innovation should use an evolutionary framework to examine the interaction between preferences and selection pressures.
35 years of photovoltaics: Analysis of the TISO‐10‐kW solar plant, lessons learnt in safety and performance—Part 2
Authors: Annigoni Eleonora , Virtuani Alessandro , Caccivio Mauro , Friesen Gabi , Chianese Domenico , Ballif Christophe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe TISO‐10‐kW plant, installed in Lugano (Switzerland) in 1982, is the first grid‐connected PV plant in Europe. In a joint publication (part 1), we presented the results of the electrical characterization performed in 2017—after 35 years of operation—of the 288 Arco Solar modules constituting the plant. Power degradation rates were different among modules and two groups could clearly be distinguished: group 1, with a remarkably low mean degradation rate of −0.2% per year, and group 2, with a mean degradation of −0.69% per year. After 35 in a temperate climate, approximately 70% of the modules (considering a ±3% measurement uncertainty) still exhibit a performance higher than 80% of their initial value. In this paper, when possible, we attempt at correlating module performance losses to specific failure mechanisms. For this sake, an extensive characterization of the modules was performed using visual inspection, IV curve measurements, electroluminescence, and infrared imaging. We remarkably find that module degradation rates are highly correlated to the aging pattern of the encapsulants used in module manufacturing. In particular, a specific formulation of the encapsulant (PVB), which was used only in a minority of the modules (approximately 10%), leads to degradation rates of −0.2% per year, which corresponds to a loss in performance below 10% over 35 years. Potential safety threats are also investigated, by measuring the frame continuity, the functionality of the bypass diodes, and the module insulation. Finally, we discuss how the analysis of a 35‐year‐old PV module technology could benefit the industry in order to target PV module lifetimes of 40+ years.
Can aromaticity trigger thermal [1,5]‐halogen shift towards the forbidden antarafacial mode?: A density functional case study
Authors: Kalpana P. , Akilandeswari L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract[1,5]‐H shift of (Z,Z) 1,3‐pentadienes are known to take suprafacial mode. The stereochemical fate of the reaction when halogens are involved in the [1,5]‐shift in similar (Z,Z) 1,3‐pentadienes is presented in this work. Interesting tendency of fluorine to take up the forbidden and relatively expensive antarafacial path as an economical route for [1,5]‐fluorine shift is owed to the aromaticity of the transition state. Remarkable correlations between various aromaticity indices (bond alternation coefficient [BAC], harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity [HOMA], nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS), and ellipticity [ξ]) with activation barriers pave solid foundation to the fact that aromaticity of transition states (TS) in pericyclic reaction can manoeuvre the stereochemical course of a reaction. The differential effect of fluorine to other halogens is exemplified by the antara migration while the other halogens (Cl and Br) prefer supra mode. NBO studies and the topological parameter, ellipticity used as a measure of aromatic criterion support the above fact.
Comparison of impulse oscillometry and spirometry for detection of airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, mannitol, and eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation in children
Authors: Jara‐Gutierrez Pamela , Aguado Erika , del Potro Manuela García , Fernandez‐Nieto Mar , Mahillo Ignacio , Sastre Joaquin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundForced expiratory maneuvers are usually difficult in young children. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) requires no active cooperation, is noninvasive, rapid, and easy to perform. This study aimed to compare IOS indexes and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) in children for the assessment of bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine, mannitol, and eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH).MaterialsChildren aged 3‐14 years (mean 10.0 ± 3.1) with symptoms suggestive of asthma were recruited. IOS measurements were taken before spirometry. Methacholine, mannitol, and EVH tests were performed without a specific order.ResultsWe included 190 children, whose mean age was 10.0 ± 3.1 years. Changes in FEV1 correlated significantly with variation in IOS indexes (P < .05). The indexes with the greatest discriminative capacity were Z5, R5, and X5. Optimal cut‐offs were: for methacholine tests, ≧22% in R5, ≧82% for reactance area (AX), and ≦41% for X5; for the mannitol test, ≧18% in R5, ≧40% in AX, and ≦21% for X5. In the EVH test, ≧23% for R5, ≧40% for AX, and a fall of 29% for X5. When using the optimal cut‐off points obtained from IOS, the mean number of steps and doses required for methacholine and mannitol tests to induce significant bronchoconstriction were significantly lower compared with spirometry (
P < .05).ConclusionsThe effectiveness of R5, X5, and AX indexes were comparable to FEV1 in assessing bronchial obstruction during bronchial challenge testing. Therefore, IOS may be useful in assessing bronchial obstruction in children who cannot reliably perform spirometric maneuvers during bronchial challenge testing.
Targeting POH1 inhibits prostate cancer cell growth and enhances the suppressive efficacy of androgen deprivation and docetaxel
Authors: Yu Wandong , Li Junhong , Wang Qiang , Wang Boshi , Zhang Li , Liu Yun , Tang Ming , Xu Guiqing , Yang Zhaojuan , Wang Xilong , Zhang Jun , Liu Yongzhong , Shi Guowei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPOH1, a member of the JAMM domain containing deubiquitinases, functions in malignant progression of certain types of cancer. However, the role of POH1 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear.MethodsWe performed RNA interference against the JAMM members in PC3 cells and analyzed cell proliferation. POH1 knockdown was established to evaluate the effects of POH1 on cell growth in vitro and in vivo. RNA‐sequencing was utilized to explore the molecular details underlying the biological function of POH1 in PCa. The expression of POH1 in PCa tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The POH1 inhibitor capzimin was evaluated to explore whether pharmacologically inhibiting POH1 significantly affected PCa cell proliferation alone or enhanced the inhibitory efficacy of docetaxel and androgen deprivation.ResultsFunctional analyses identified POH1 as a JAMM deubiquitinase that is required for PCa proliferation. Importantly, expression of POH1 was higher in human PCa tissues (PCas) than that in normal prostate tissues, and a positive correlation was detected between elevated POH1 expression and higher pathological grades in PCas. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that depleting POH1 significantly suppressed the growth of PCa cell xenografts. POH1 deficiency profoundly inhibited the expression of a set of genes involving the cell cycle and caused G0/G1 phase arrest. Furthermore, the POH1 inhibitor capzimin phenotypically recapitulated the effects of POH1 knockdown and improved the efficacy of docetaxel and androgen deprivation in PCa cells.ConclusionsPOH1 was overexpressed in PCas and was correlated with pathological grades in human PCas. Inhibiting POH1 by gene silencing or pharmacological inhibition with capzimin suppressed PCa cell growth. Exploring the inhibition of POH1 in combination with other drugs may provide a strategy to benefit patients with PCa.
Robust reliable H∞ control design for networked control systems with nonlinear actuator faults and randomly missing measurements
Authors: Arunagirinathan S. , Muthukumar P. , Joo Y. H. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the robust reliable H∞ controller is designed for the problem of nonlinear actuator fault case in the uncertain networked control systems with randomly occurring missing data. More precisely, the occurrence of missing measurements is modeled by a stochastic variable in terms of Bernoulli random distribution. Also, the consideration of a nonlinear term in the input control scheme is a novel work for the proposed model. Suitable robust reliable design of control for a practical actuator fault model is constructed to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the system with H∞ performance level. A new form of Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional with triple integral terms are formulated, and the reciprocally convex technique is utilized to establish the sufficient stability criterion in the form of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is shown through numerical examples, and we can confirm that the derived condition attained less conservatism than the existing results.
Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Biological Importance of Pyrimidinium Ionic Liquids
Authors: Goel Kamna , Bera Smritilekha , Singh Man , Mondal Dhananjoy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of a family of organic salts and ionic liquids using pyrimidine as a heterocyclic core, an essential structural subunit of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) has been achieved. The pyrimidine‐containing ionic liquids coupled with tetrafluoroborate and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide (
and
) as counter anions were synthesised via the nucleophilic addition of one of the N‐atoms of a pyrimidine to the arylalkyl and aryloxy alkyl halides followed by anion metathesis using highly stable and non‐hygroscopic sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF4) and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiN(SO2CF3)2) in good to excellent yield. Further, the synthesised ionic liquids were utilised to explore their in vitro antibacterial activities along with evaluation of their photophysical, physical and thermal properties. The assessment of in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) study against several pathogenic bacteria revealed that the 1‐(3‐phenylpropyl)pyrimidin‐1‐ium tetrafluoroborate (4 c: [(PhC3)Pym]BF4) is moderately active against Gram‐negative P. aruginosa bacteria (MIC=16 μg/mL) while 1‐phenethylpyrimidin‐1‐ium tetrafluoroborate (4b: [(PhC2)Pym]BF4), 1‐(3‐phenylpropyl)pyrimidin‐1‐ium tetrafluoroborate (4 c: [(PhC3)Pym]BF4), 1‐(phenoxypropyl)pyrimidin‐1‐ium tetrafluoroborate (4 d: [(PhOC3)Pym]BF4) and 1‐(phenoxybutyl)pyrimidin‐1‐ium tetrafluoroborate (4 e: [(PhOC4)Pym]BF4) exhibit moderate to good bioactivities against Gram‐positive S. aureus, and B. pumilis, respectively.
Controllable Enhancement of Capsule‐Membrane Wrinkles by Flow Shear and Preparation of Double‐Layer Polyamide Microcapsules
Authors: Hu Pan , Hadji Edward Mohamed , Shi Tingjing , Tai Mo , Wang Jingtao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMonodisperse wrinkled polyamide microcapsules with a size of 480 μm‐750 μm are prepared by tubular microfluidics. The wrinkling, which results from the combined action of heterogeneous interface polymerization and shearing force, can be measured and calculated by solvent soaking. Controllable enhancement of capsule‐membrane wrinkles could be achieved by increasing flow rate or viscosity of the fluid in microchannels. In addition, double‐layer polyamide microcapsules were prepared by taking use of the permeability and the wrinkle morphology of the microcapsule membrane. The double shells of polyamide microcapsules were synthesized by two steps: (i) interface polymerization in continuous microfluidics for the first shell and (ii) wet chemical synthesis for the second shell. The double‐layer polyamide microcapsules have better strength than simple polyamide microcapsules during drying testing and the water inside the double‐layer polyamide microcapsules can be released and absorbed repeatedly. Therefore, the double‐layer polyamide microcapsules can be used as the carrier of both the hydrophilic ingredient and hydrophobic ingredient. The results obtained in this paper will have some potential applications in some fields like printing, dyeing and drug delivery.