bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Principles, Analytical Methods, and Applications of SEM‐EDS in Cementitious Materials Characterization
Authors: Li Lihui , Mao Lixuan , Yang Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractScanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) is an indispensable and versatile technique that provides detailed 2D spatial insights into the microstructure of heterogenous cementitious systems. To foster clear and systematic understanding of SEM‐EDS analysis in advancing research on cementitious materials, the state‐of‐the‐art principles, analytical approaches, and applications of SEM‐EDS analysis in cementitious systems are reviewed. This review aims to assist researchers in selecting the most appropriate strategy for SEM‐EDS analysis to quantify phase assemblage, elucidate environmental interactions, and investigate microstructure evolution in cementitious systems. The fundamental concepts related to equipment, signal generation, acquisition of diverse EDS data are first presented. Subsequently, various analysis approaches, including point analysis, grid analysis, and mapping analysis are discussed. This review then emphasizes the practical significance and potential value of SEM‐EDS analysis in addressing phase quantification challenges pertaining to cementitious systems. It is posited that the SEM‐EDS analysis holds the promise of becoming the characterization backbone for quantitative research on cementitious systems.
AI‐Enhanced Gait Analysis Insole with Self‐Powered Triboelectric Sensors for Flatfoot Condition Detection
Authors: Issabek Moldir , Oralkhan Sabyrzhan , Anash Adeliya , Nurbergenova Nuriya , Balapan Azat , Yeshmukhametov Azamat , Rakhmanov Yeltay , Kalimuldina Gulnur 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlatfoot is an orthopedic malformation where the inner foot arch flattens during motion, potentially leading to chronic musculoskeletal issues. Monitoring foot conditions is essential, as existing screening methods often need more objectivity and cost‐effectiveness. This research develops an insole‐based screening device using self‐powered triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as tactile sensors and Arduino hardware setup. TENG converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, offering simple fabrication, cost‐effectiveness, longevity, and high‐output power benefits. The device records the electrical output generated by foot movements via Arduino and sends data via Bluetooth to the processing tool. Machine learning algorithms employing the Random Forest Classifier process the data to detect flatfoot conditions accurately after training sessions. For data collection, 100 participants are asked to march and walk for the same duration and distance, ensuring consistent output. Analysis reveals that the insoles' middle sensors produce higher electricity levels in individuals with flatfoot, showing a uniform pressure distribution across the foot and contact in the arch area. In contrast, individuals with normal feet exert more pressure on the toe and heel foot areas. The system achieves an overall accuracy of 82%, demonstrating the insole's potential as a commercial flatfoot detection device.
2D Electrodes From Functionalized Graphene for Rapid Electrochemical Gold Extraction and Reduction From Electronic Waste
Authors: Yang Kou , Nikolaev Konstantin G. , Li Xiaolai , Erofeev Ivan , Mirsaidov Utkur M. , Kravets Vasyl G. , Grigorenko Alexander N. , Qiu Xueqing , Zhang Shanqing , Novoselov Kostya S. , Andreeva Daria V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectronic waste (e‐waste) contains substantial quantities of valuable precious metals, particularly gold (Au). However, inefficient metal recovery leads to these precious metals being discarded in landfills, causing significant water and environmental contamination. This study introduces a two‐dimensional (2D) electrode with a layered graphene oxide membrane functionalized by chitosan (GO/CS). The GO/CS membrane acts as an ion‐selective layer and demonstrates capabilities in the electrochemical extraction and reduction of Au ions. The multiple functional groups of GO and CS offer high cooperativity in ion extraction and reduction, achieving 95 wt.% extraction efficiency within 10 min. The simultaneous extraction and electrocatalytic reduction of Au ions within the membrane leads to the formation of ready‐to‐use metallic Au forms such as chips and sensors. Such an approach eliminates the processing steps required to convert extracted gold into functional products, reducing time, cost, and energy. This direct formation of usable Au components enhances the efficiency of the recovery process, making it economically viable and environmentally sustainable. The gold mining market is projected to be valued at $270 billion by 2032, with the recycling segment reaching $10.8 billion, highlighting the substantial benefits and economic potential of efficient e‐waste recycling technologies.
Synchronization of networked mechanical systems without velocity information
Authors: Jiang Shanchan , Zhang Yan , Du Yingxue , Zhang Zhicheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the synchronization problem in a network of interconnected mechanical systems where the velocity information of the interacting agents is unavailable. To achieve this, a distributed law related to the kinetic and potential energies of the considered system is proposed. Specifically, by introducing an auxiliary system and a distributed filter, it is shown that the proposed algorithm enables the synchronization of the considered system by merely using the local position measurements. Moreover, it is also shown that, compared with the existing literature, the derived synchronization conditions are irrelevant to the eigenvalues of Laplacian matrix, thus circumventing the global information of the underlying system. Moreover, on condition that the absolute position information is available, it is also shown that apart from the synchronization of agents, the discrepancy between the position variable of the original system and that of the auxiliary variable tends to zero eventually. Finally, a concrete example and some comparisons are conducted to support the formulated setup and the obtained theoretical results.
Distributed model predictive control for asynchronous multiagent systems with self‐triggered coordinator
Authors: Chen Qianqian , Li Shaoyuan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates a distributed model predictive control strategy for asynchronous nonlinear multiagent systems (MASs) with external disturbances via self‐triggered generators and prediction horizon regulators. First, a shrinking constraint related to the error between the actual state and the predicted state is introduced into the optimal control problem to enhance the robustness of the system. Then, the triggering interval and the corresponding prediction horizon are determined by altering the expression of the Lyapunov function, thus achieving a trade‐off between control performance and energy loss. By implementing the proposed algorithm, the coordination objective of the MASs is achieved under asynchronous communication. Finally, the recursive feasibility and closed‐loop stability are proven successively. An illustrative example is conducted to demonstrate the merits of the presented approach.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of atypical visual attention towards non‐social stimuli in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Hinz Julian R. , Eikeseth Fillip F. , Chawarska Katarzyna , Eikeseth Svein 
Published: November 2024

AbstractResearch on attention towards non‐social stimuli in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased over the past decade; however, findings have been inconsistent. It has been suggested that stimuli relating to common circumscribed interests (CIs) elicit more attention than non‐CI related stimuli. This meta‐analysis synthesizes results from 31 studies that compared attention towards non‐social stimuli in children with ASD under the age of five with typically developing (TD) controls using eye‐tracking. Additional subgroup analysis comparing studies that employed non‐social stimuli related to CIs frequently reported in adults with ASD to studies using non‐CI related stimuli were conducted. Meta‐regressions with age, sex, stimulus dimension, nonverbal DQ, and symptom severity were conducted. Results show small (g = 0.39) but significantly higher attention towards non‐social stimuli for the ASD group. However, when studies were split based on stimulus type no significant differences for non‐CI related stimuli was found. Meanwhile studies employing CI related stimuli reported significant large effects on attention allocation (g = 0.69). None of the conducted regressions reached significance. The findings show increased non‐social attention in children with ASD is driven by CI related content rather than a general non‐social attentional bias. The findings and future research directions are discussed.
Organ toxicities associated with diet‐induced obesity in rats: Investigation of changes in activities selected enzymes
Authors: Bati Bedia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObesity stands out as one of the most significant health problems in the modern world. The prevalence of high‐calorie diets (HCDs) globally exacerbates this condition. Throughout history, plants and plant‐derived food products have been utilized for medicinal purposes, demonstrating their efficacy in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Gundelia tournefortii (GT), a plant of interest, is known to possess beneficial properties. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the immunotoxic and neurotoxic effects of two different doses of GT plant extract on the liver, brain, and heart tissues of obese rats. For this purpose, Wistar male rats were divided into four groups: “CG,” “HCDG,” “HCDGUN1,” and “HCDGUN2” At the conclusion of the study, adenosine deaminase (ADA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) biomarkers, were evaluated in the liver, heart, and brain tissues. The study results revealed a statistically significant increase in ADA and MPO activities in the HCDG group compared to the CG group, alongside a significant decrease in the HCDGUN groups compared to the HCDG group. Regarding AChE and BChE activities, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the HCDG group compared to the CG group, whereas an increase was noted in the HCDGUN groups relative to the HCDG group, with the latter approaching values similar to those of the control group. In conclusion, the intake of GT plant extract exhibited positive effects on the immunotoxic and neurotoxic effects induced by HCD in rats with an experimental obesity model, as evidenced by tissue biomarker evaluations.
The Use of CellCollector Assay to Detect Free Cancer Cells in the Peritoneal Cavity of Colorectal Cancer Patients: An Experimental Study
Authors: Wu Yudi , He Fangxun , Liu Liang , Jiang Wei , Deng Jiao , Zhang Yujie , Cao Zhixin , Xu Xiangshang , Gong Jianping 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with high incidence and mortality rates globally. The presence of intraperitoneal free cancer cells (IFCCs) is recognized as an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. However, a clinical gold standard for IFCCs detection is lacking. The GILUPI CellCollector has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in detecting free cancer cells, yet its application for CRC IFCCs detection remains unreported.MethodsWe selected CRC and normal cell lines to evaluate the CellCollector's ability to detect tumor cells. A total of 70 CRC patients and 17 patients with benign disease undergoing laparoscopic procedures were investigated. Peritoneal lavage fluid was collected pre‐ and post‐operation, and both real‐time PCR (CEA mRNA) and CellCollector detection were performed. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of these two methods.ResultsCellCollector can distinguish well between CRC and normal cells in cell line experiments. CellCollector detects IFCCs better than real‐time PCR (CEA) in CRC patients in different TNM Stages. The sensitivity of CellCollector was higher than that of real‐time PCR (84.6% vs. 48.4%), and the specificity of CellCollector was also higher than real‐time PCR (79.1% vs. 60.4%). There was no significant difference in the results of IFCCs detected by CellCollector before and after total mesorectal excision (TME) or complete mesocolic excision (CME) radical colorectomy (p > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in real‐time PCR detection (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe CellCollector demonstrates superior sensitivity and specificity compared to real‐time PCR for detecting IFCCs in CRC patients, suggesting its potential as a clinical tool for IFCCs detection.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01978444
Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of Doxorubicin Chemotherapy With Cannabidiol in 4T1 Mice Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Tabatabaei Koorosh , Moazzezi Sara , Emamgholizadeh Mohammadreza , Vaez Haleh , Baradaran Behzad , Shokouhi Behrooz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHigh dose chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic strategies for breast cancer and doxorubicin (DOX) as a chemotherapy agent is widely used. DOX indication is limited due to its dose‐depended cardiotoxicity. Recently, cannabidiol (CBD) shows antitumoral and cardioprotective effects, so we hypothesized that CBD administration with high‐dose DOX chemotherapy can improve anticancer activity and reduce cardiotoxic side effects.MethodMice breast cancer model established by injecting 4T1 cell lines. One group was not injected by 4T1 cells as a not cancerous group and received normal saline (NS, 0.1 mL). In cancerous groups, first group was considered as cancerous control and received NS (0.1 mL); the second group received CBD (5 mg/kg, IP) on Days 1,7, and 14; in the third group DOX (5 mg/kg, IV) as CBD schedule was administrated; the fourth group treated with CBD 1 day before DOX injection as pretreatment, and the last group was treated with CBD and DOX at same time with previous doses and schedules. On Day 21, all mice were sacrificed, heart and lungs tissues were obtained and histological sections were isolated. SOD2, iNOS, MMP2, MMP9 were evaluated through western blot and TUNEL test preformed for breast tumor.ResultsTumor size and weight significantly decreased in DOX, pretreatment CBD + DOX and CBD + DOX groups. Administration of CBD with DOX could not prevent weight loss. TUNEL test demonstrated the highest tumor cell apoptosis in pretreatment CBD + DOX and CBD + DOX. In lungs belonged to CBD + DOX, there was not any sign of metastasis. Cardiac histopathological examination of pretreatment CBD + DOX and CBD + DOX did not show any sign of congestion or inflammation. In CBD + DOX SOD2 increased, also iNOS, MMP2, and MMP9 decreased compared to DOX.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that simultaneous administration of CBD and DOX can increase antitumoral effect and reduce DOX cardiotoxicity. Nevertheless, CBD can induce cardiotoxicity as administrated alone.
Simultaneous use of disulphide oil for chemical‐enhanced oil recovery by emulsion formation and stability with asphaltene deposition control
Authors: Jahani Shahriar , Kazemzadeh Yousef , Azin Reza , Dehghani Mohammad Rasool 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDisulphide oil (DSO) is a by‐product of oil and gas refining processes that is generated during the removal of mercaptans and the sweetening of light hydrocarbons. Asphalt deposition, especially asphaltene deposition during enhanced oil recovery methods, reduces oil recovery from the reservoir, so the use of a substance such as DSO, which has the ability to control and reduce asphaltene deposition, can be effective in increasing oil recovery from the reservoir. In this research, a micromodel with a fracture design and a matrix that represents fracture reservoirs was utilized. These tests were conducted in two groups. The first group of tests is related to adding DSO to crude oil and using 70 to 30 vol.% oil–water emulsion containing salt, surfactant, and nanoparticles. The second group involved adding DSO to both crude oil and emulsion. The first group aimed at stimulation and the second group aimed at chemical enhanced oil recovery (C‐EOR). The formation and stability of water‐in‐oil emulsion was done by analyzing the average droplet size. As a result, in the first group of tests with the presence of DSO in the oil, by measuring the average diameter before and after injection of AOS surfactant, it was observed that the average droplet size decreased from 6.89 to 4.01 μm, which indicates an increase in the emulsion stability. In the second group, where DSO was present in both oil and water emulsion in injected oil, it can be seen that the average diameter of the droplets in the surfactant decreased from 5.12 to 3.21 μm.
Pyrolysis of crayfish waste and life cycle assessment of polygeneration process
Authors: Zhang Zhichao , Sui Haiqing , Tian Chao , Sun Hao , Xiong Wei , Wang Lijun , Wang Yubo , Wang Wenxi , Lan Jin , Deng Huijing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA fast pyrolysis polygeneration system was investigated using crayfish shells as a resource for the utilization of solid wastes. Results showed that the bio‐oil and the biochar accounted for 26 and 58 wt.% at a pyrolysis temperature of 600°C, respectively. Heterocyclic compounds, specifically pyrrole and pyridine, were generated as the major nitrogen‐containing products in the bio‐oil. A life cycle assessment (LCA) demonstrated the environmental impact of the system was the lowest at 600°C compared with that of other pyrolytic temperatures, with ADP of 881 MJ/t, GWP100 of 77.5 kg CO2 eq/t, POCP of −0.0128 kg C2H4 eq/t, AP of −0.0402 kg SO2 eq/t, and EP of 0.501 kg eq/t. Additionally, the cost amounted to 415.27 USD/t of biochar. The study opens a new pathway and insights to transform the shellfishery waste into biochar and platform chemicals efficiently and comprehensively.
Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic performance and power consumption in stirred reactors with perforated Scaba 6SRGT impellers for non‐Newtonian fluid
Authors: Bin Zhang , Li Xianjun , Wan Zhanghao , Yin Yiming , Wu Yikang , Chang Huainan , Tan Xinhao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to further understand the effect of perforated Scaba 6SRGT impellers on stirring performance and impeller power consumption by numerically investigating the hydrodynamic properties of non‐Newtonian fluids in a three‐dimensional stirred reactor. After model validation, the fluid velocity, stagnant region dimensionless volume, and impeller power consumption are quantitatively analyzed under the conditions of influencing parameters, including blade perforation pitch, ratio of distance between adjacent perforations, and perforation arrangement. The results reveal that the range of distribution of acceleration and peak velocity of the fluid along the radial appear in regions lower and larger than the dimensionless radius of the impeller (|r/R| = 0.45), respectively. Increasing the perforation pitch from 14 to 20 mm increases fluid velocity from 0.284 to 0.305 m/s and power consumption from 26.99 to 27.25 W, while reducing the stagnant region volume from 16.76% to 14.71%. The fluid velocity and impeller power consumption slightly increase with the ratio of distance between adjacent perforations. Circular‐shaped middle perforations yield higher fluid velocities and vorticity compared to lozenge‐shaped ones. The highest and lowest power consumptions are obtained by circular–circular–circular and lozenge–lozenge–lozenge perforation shape arrangements with values of 27.25 and 26.9 W, respectively.
A novel 3D uniformity measurement method in mechanical stirring systems
Authors: Zhang Gai , Fan Mingyang , Xu Jianxin , Sun Hui , Wang Hua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccurate assessment of mixing uniformity is crucial in industrial mixing processes. This study proposes an evaluation method for three‐dimensional (3D) mixing processes that combines dual‐camera positioning and point pattern density fluctuation (PD) based on disordered hyperuniformity. This study employs a positioning method using dual‐camera to achieve precise capture and reconstruction of tracer particles in 3D space. The 3D reconstruction data is then evaluated for mixing performance using the PD method. A relationship model between |k| and time I values with mixing time was established for λ = 1. The results indicate that mixing time decreases with the increase of |k| and decreases with the decrease of I values. To ensure the accuracy of the PD method, feasibility analysis was conducted using conductometry. Additionally, the superiority of the PD method was validated by comparing it with the 3D‐Q method. The impact of bottom height of stirring paddle and motor speed on mixing effect were also investigated. This study establishes a fundamental groundwork and theoretical framework for optimizing parameters of stirring systems and assessing 3D mixing uniformity. It also offers important references and insights for engineering practices and theoretical research in related fields.
Case Series of Thermal Cautery Artifact in Urine Cytology: An Uncommon Finding but a Potential Pitfall
Authors: Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa C. , McIntire Patrick J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTherapeutic modalities used in bladder lesions/neoplasms (electrocautery, fulguration, and laser) could produce morphologic alterations leading to diagnostic challenges. While often seen on histology, they can present in urine cytology as atypia or even raise the concern for malignancy. Herein, we present clinicopathologic findings of four patients with cautery artifact in urine cytology.MethodsThe authors' lists and a computerized search of urine cytology with features of thermal cautery artifact were collated. Slides and clinicopathologic variables (prior specimens, concurrent and follow‐up surgical specimens, age, sex, manner of urine collection, cystoscopy, and treatment procedure during cystoscopy) were reviewed.ResultsFour cases were identified. Procedures performed during cystoscopy included laser therapy (n = 2), postbiopsy cauterization (n = 1), and fulguration (n = 1). All cases showed spindled cells with delicate bipolar cytoplasm, “cigar‐shaped” nuclei, smooth to slightly irregular nuclear membranes, and arranged singly and loosely cohesive to lamellar stacks. Few atypical well‐preserved, undistorted cells were identified in 2/4. The concurrent biopsies showed superficial cellular fragments with thermal artifact (n = 1) and rare atypical cells (n = 2). Follow‐up biopsies in two cases had high‐grade urothelial carcinoma both of which were diagnosed as atypical urothelial cells on cytology.ConclusionThermal cautery artifact in urine cytology is rare and can be seen following laser, electrocautery, and fulguration. The spindling artifact can render some degree of difficulty in assessing for the presence of urothelial atypia both in cytology and biopsy. Familiarity with these cytologic features, knowledge of the treatment procedure, attention to the cytologic findings of well‐preserved cells and repeat sampling in cases with atypical urothelial cells in patients with history of malignancy is essential.