bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five Key Principles: Guided Inquiry With Multimodal Text Sets
Authors: Hoch Mary L. , McCarty Ryan , Gurvitz Debra , Sitkoski Ivy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlthough many students spend a considerable amount of time online, teachers cannot assume that students have the skills necessary for online reading and writing. Instruction in locating, navigating, organizing, and producing information in the online world is integral to students’ mastery of digital literacy. The authors detail the use of guided inquiry to explore multimodal text sets in a meaningful and collaborative way as a means of providing this instruction. Synthesis of prior research and analysis of study data resulted in the identification of five key principles necessary for effective instruction with multimodal text sets: attending to motivation and engagement, thoughtfully selecting sources, framing instruction as inquiry, supporting student synthesis, and writing for an authentic audience and purpose. These principles can help transform teachers’ instructional practices to meet the needs of today's learners.
Climate data empathy
Authors: Brönnimann Stefan , Wintzer Jeannine 
Published: November 2018

In the era of climate services, which provide globally complete data products in a ready‐to‐use form, the context of climate data is in danger of being neglected or forgotten. However, the historical and present‐day context imprinted on this climate data is important in its own right. The data depend on political, economic and technological factors, as we show with a range of data coverage maps. We term awareness of and sensitivity to this context‐dependence “climate data empathy,” and argue that context should be seen as a source of information to be communicated along with the data. Such context not only provides additional information about the data products, but may help in designing communication strategies and contribute more generally to raising awareness of the contingency of environmental data. Decision making should thus make use of both climate data and its context.This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Technological Aspects and Ideas
Rapid analysis of Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn in breakfast cereals (granola type) by energy dispersive‐X‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Perring Loïc , Cotard Aurélien , Al Sayadi Sarah , Berrut Stéphane 
Published: November 2018

Energy dispersive‐X‐ray fluorescence (ED‐XRF) is a well spread near‐line analytical technique, suitable for easy and rapid measurement of major elements and/or trace elements especially in many different food matrices. This study demonstrates the fitness for purpose of this method to ensure the correct addition of minerals during breakfast cereal production. Indeed, variations in process and in raw material compositions may lead to values out of legal tolerance, and thus quality controls need to be regularly performed to meet the release compliance criteria. Using such analytical technique close to production lines can allow controls that are more systematic as well as avoiding the shipment of numerous samples for reference method analyses often done to external laboratories. Thus, ED‐XRF allows to ensure finished products compliance with product declarations. A commercial ED‐XRF device was used during this study. Within 7 min of analytical time for two replicates/sample, the developed method gave accurate results for the quantification of Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn in breakfast cereals without any proportional biases between ED‐XRF and reference method (inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry) results.
‘We Are Recreating Bedlam’: A History of Mental Illness and Prison Systems in England and Ireland
Authors: Cox Catherine , Marland Hilary 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis essay explores the historical relationship between mental health and the prison system in England and Ireland, from the introduction of the separate system of discipline in the 1840s. In doing so, we focus on the persistently high rates of confinement of prisoners with mental health problems as well as the impact of prison regimes in producing or exacerbating mental illness. Despite recognition of the harmful relationship between the prison and mental disorder, responses by prison medical officers were stymied by their complex tasks of managing and treating mental illness and preserving prison discipline. Our account concludes by drawing out continuities from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century in terms of the obstacles to the effective care of mentally ill prisoners.
Decision‐Making in the Emergency Laparotomy: A Mixed Methodology Study
Authors: Hendra Louise , Hendra Tim , Parker Stephen J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionMore than 30,000 emergency laparotomies take place annually in England and Wales (Symons et al. in Br J Surg 100(10):1318–1325, 2013; Shapter et al. in Anaesthesia 67(5):474–478, 2012). They are associated with high morbidity and an average inpatient 30‐day mortality rate of 11%. Inextricably linked to outcomes is the decision‐making process of whether or not to operate (NELA Project Team First patient report of the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit. RCoA, London, 2015; Crebbin et al. in Aust N Z J Surg 83(6):422–428, 2013). A mixed‐methods study was undertaken to investigate decision‐making in the emergency laparotomy and influencing factors.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken amongst general surgeons, exploring the decision‐making process. Results helped guide design of an online survey, consisting of vignettes and subsequent questions. Respondents were asked to decide whether or not they would perform a laparotomy for each vignette and the results compared to grade, risk attitudes and reflective practice. Responses were analysed for effect of previous positive and negative experiences and for consistency.ResultsInterviews revealed multiple important factors when considering whether or not to perform an emergency laparotomy, broadly categorised into patient‐related, surgeon‐related and external factors. A total of 116 general surgeons completed the survey: 12 SHOs, 79 registrars and 25 consultants. Non‐consultants were 10.4% (95% CI ±9.7%) more likely to perform an emergency laparotomy than consultants (p = 0.036) on multivariate analysis. No association was observed between operative practices and risk attitudes (p = 0.22), reflective practice (p = 0.7) or previous positive or negative experiences in univariate (p = 0.67) or multivariate analysis. Surgeons were not proven to be either consistent nor inconsistent in their decision‐making.ConclusionThe decision to operate or not in an emergency laparotomy directly effects patient outcome. This study demonstrates a difference in decision‐making and risk attitudes between consultants and their juniors. To address this, formal teaching of models of decision‐making, influencing factors and vignette‐based consultant‐led discussions should be introduced into surgical training.
Spatial–temporal evolution of the distribution pattern of customer sources in tea trade of Fujian enterprise supply chain
Authors: Zhang Shiliang , Chang Tingcheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe temporal and spatial operation of commodity business activities is neither random nor accidental. It is characterized by inner laws and features. Based on spatio-temporal analysis in GIS, the objective of this study was to use spatial autocorrelation method and kernel density estimation to study the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of customer sources in tea trade extracted from enterprise supply chains in Fujian Province, China. Using data of Fujian tea business as an example, customer sources showed a typical clustered pattern overall that could be classified into several hot areas. The distribution of customer sources is dynamic along with time. These hot areas spread from coastal cities to inland cities, ranging from urban to suburban. Meanwhile, it showed a relatively irregular distribution in suburban areas with aggregation distribution near urban areas. This study applied GIS spatio-temporal analysis technology to the analysis of an enterprise supply chain, synthesizing both spatial and temporal information and successfully integrating business with geography.
Parental Origins, Mixed Unions, and the Labor Supply of Second-Generation Women in the United States
Authors: McManus Patricia A. , Apgar Lauren 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study examines the joint impact of parental origins and partner choice on the employment behavior of second-generation women in the United States. We find that endogamy (choosing a first- or second-generation partner from the same national-origin group) is associated with lower labor supply among second-generation women, net of the effects of parental origin culture as proxied using the epidemiological approach to cultural transmission. Parental origin effects are mediated by education, but endogamy curtails economic activity regardless of educational attainment. The findings are robust for married women. Findings for women in cohabiting unions are more heterogeneous, however: cohabitation appears to mute some of the relationship between parental origin culture and women’s economic behavior. In particular, the negative relationship between endogamy and women’s labor supply does not hold for women in cohabiting unions.
High-Resolution Peat Core Chronology Covering the Last 12 KYR Applying an Improved Peat Bog Sampling
Authors: Hubay Katalin , Braun Mihály , Harangi Sándor , Palcsu László , Túri Marianna , Jull A J Timothy , Molnár Mihály 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThis work focuses on building a high-resolution age-depth model for quantitative palaeoclimate study from the Mohos peat bog, East Carpathian mountains. The investigated core presents a continuous peat profile for the last 12 kyr. The chronology was based on 36 accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS14C) analyses of the separatedSphagnumsamples from different depths of the profile. DrySphagnumsamples for AMS dating were prepared using the classic acid-base-acid (ABA) method followed with an oxidative bleaching step to get clean cellulose.Sphagnumcellulose samples were measured by AMS using the EnvironMICADAS at the ICER (Debrecen, Hungary). A high-resolution chronology was obtained with the use of Bayesian age-depth modeling. Peat accumulation rate has been calculated and the sections with variable accumulation rate values were observed along the profile.
Simple Calibration versus Bayesian Modeling of Archeostatigraphically Controlled 14C Ages in an Early Avar Age Cemetery from SE Hungary: Results, Advantages, Pitfalls
Authors: Gulyás Sándor , Balogh Csilla , Marcsik Antónia , Sümegi Pál 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTRecent advancements in accelerator mass spectroscopic (AMS) radiocarbon (14C) analytical methods and instrumentation offer us reliable conventional 14C ages with highly reduced analytical uncertainty for archeological bone collagen. However, after calibration this may be still too high for archeologists in periods where archeochronology is capable of attaining a resolution of 25–30 yr. Furthermore, there are cases when wiggles in the calibration curve yield wider age ranges than initially expected. For the Avar Age in the Carpathian Basin (568 to early 9th century AD) reliable archeotypochronology is available for the 7th century AD alone. The date of Avar invasion (568 AD) is precisely known. Precise archeological dating for the late 6th and the 9th centuries is lacking, calling for other methods to be introduced. This paper reports the first 14C dates for an Early Avar Age cemetery, Makó-Mikócsa. According to archeotypochronology, the cemetery was in use for three generations until the mid-7th century AD. The imprecision in 14C chronology arising from wiggles in the IntCal13 curve was significantly reduced by relative stratigraphy-controlled Bayesian modeling. Introduction of further age constraints from archeotypochronology into the model reduces broad absolute age ranges providing more constraint ages.
Diet and Radiocarbon Dating of Tollund Man: New Analyses of an Iron Age Bog Body from Denmark
Authors: Nielsen Nina H , Philippsen Bente , Kanstrup Marie , Olsen Jesper 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTTollund Man is one of the most famous Iron Age bog bodies due to his well-preserved head. Since he was unearthed in 1950 in Bjældskovdal, Denmark, he has been subjected to several scientific investigations, but until now no attempts to reconstruct his general diet through isotope analyses have been conducted. Furthermore, previous radiocarbon (14C) analyses have only been able to date him broadly to the 3rd–4th century BC. In this study, stable isotope measurements (δ13C, δ15N) on bone collagen from Tollund Man’s femur and rib showed that the diet of Tollund Man was terrestrial-based and that the crops he ate probably were grown on manured fields. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates were obtained on both the <30kDa and >30kDa fractions of ultrafiltered collagen. Results showed that the ultrafiltration removed contamination from older substances from the burial environment. The femur was dated to 2330±23 BP, the rib to 2322±30 BP. These dates statistically agree with a previously published AMS 14C age on skin. By combining the new dates with the previous date of his skin it was possible to narrow down the age of Tollund Man to the period 405–380 cal BC (95.4% confidence interval).
Investigation of Impurities of RBMK Graphite by Different Methods
Authors: Plukienė Rita , Lagzdina Elena , Juodis Laurynas , Plukis Artūras , Puzas Andrius , Gvozdaitė Rasa , Remeikis Vidmantas , Révay Zsolt , Kučera Jan , Ancius Darius , Ridikas Danas 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTSamples of graphite from a RBMK-1500 reactor at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant from different construction elements (stack, sleeve, and bushing) were analyzed by the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) method (LVR-15 experimental reactor of the Research Centre Řež, Ltd.) using the prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) method (Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum) and with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) (CPST, Lithuania). These measurements were performed with the aim of obtaining the missing information on the impurity distribution in the RBMK-type nuclear graphite constructions as well as for intercomparison purposes, with the results measured in the graphite sleeve samples previously obtained by INAA & GDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) at CEA Saclay, France, and ICP-MS (CPST, Lithuania) methods. Validation of the ICP-MS method for the nuclear graphite impurity concentration determination was proven. The experimentally obtained RBMK-1500 graphite impurity values in different graphite constructions were compared with other measurements and new limits of the possible maximal concentrations of nuclear RBMK graphite impurity concentrations were obtained.
The ‘Estatuto del Peón’: A Revolution for the Rights of Rural Workers in Argentina?
Authors: Palacio Juan Manuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe article addresses the history of the ‘Estatuto del Peón’ (peons’ statute or rural workers’ code), one of the most emblematic measures of the so-called ‘first Peronism’. It tries to weigh the importance of this legendary Peronist act for the actors directly involved and in particular to calibrate the magnitude of the Statute's impact on the everyday life and working conditions of Argentina's rural workers. I analyse in detail how the decree was conceived and the novelties it brought in terms of rights and regulations for rural workers. It also uses trial records to explore the implementation of the Statute and its concrete effects, in terms of both working conditions and the juridical protections offered to rural peons.
Not in the Least Concern: anthropogenic influences on a South-east Asian apple snail Pila scutata (Ampullariidae)
Authors: Ng Ting Hui , Tan Siong Kiat , Ahmad Amirrudin , Van Tu Do , Joshi Ravindra C. , Wang Wendy Y. , Tan Heok Hui , Yeo Darren C.J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSouth-east Asian apple snails, Pila spp., have been declining since the introduction of globally invasive, confamilial South American Pomacea spp., yet Pila ecology remains poorly studied, with most occurrence records unconfirmed. Pila scutata, a previously widespread species, presumed native to the Malay peninsula and assessed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List, was formerly harvested for food, and may have experienced anthropogenic translocations. We surveyed the Malay peninsula (specifically Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore) to investigate the current distribution and genetic diversity of P. scutata. Six populations were found in Singapore, but only one in Peninsular Malaysia. Mitochondrial COI and 16S sequencing revealed that the Malaysian population shared a single haplotype of both genes with the Singapore populations (500 km distant). This low genetic diversity could stem from a recent anthropogenic introduction, which brings into question the true native range of P. scutata and, coupled with poorly resolved taxonomy of the genus, necessitates a reassessment of its IUCN Red List status. Introduced populations pose a dilemma, and the lack of genetic diversity is of concern in light of Pila decline throughout South-east Asia. Our results highlight that conservation management of P. scutata and its congeners must therefore be better informed by greater taxonomic resolution and more comprehensive investigations of their ecology, both in native and introduced ranges.
Contributions of vocabulary and discourse-level skills to reading comprehension among Chinese elementary school children
Authors: HO CONNIE SUK-HAN , FONG CATHY YUI-CHI , ZHENG MO 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTDecoding and language comprehension skills have been found to be the core components of reading comprehension across many writing systems. The present study examined the contributions of vocabulary and some discourse-level skills to reading comprehension in Chinese in addition to that of decoding. One hundred and seventeen Chinese second and third graders in Hong Kong were tested on decoding, vocabulary, discourse-level skills, and verbal working memory. Results of multiple regression analyses showed that the discourse-level skills contributed an additional 5% of variance to reading comprehension over decoding, vocabulary, and other control variables, and all factors accounted for a total of 70% variance in reading comprehension. Further path analysis showed that all the direct paths of word reading, vocabulary, text-structure knowledge, and topic knowledge to reading comprehension were significant. Vocabulary also contributed to reading comprehension through indirect paths to discourse-level knowledge. The present findings support the simple view of reading with elaborations on the language comprehension component, namely, (a) vocabulary is a foundational language skill for text comprehension through its role on discourse-level knowledge, and (b) some discourse-level knowledge also plays an important role in passage comprehension.
Meteorological factors and its association with hand, foot and mouth disease in Southeast and East Asia areas: a meta-analysis
Authors: Duan Chunxiao , Zhang Xuefeng , Jin Hui , Cheng Xiaoqing , Wang Donglei , Bao Cangjun , Zhou Minghao , Ahmad Tauseef , Min Jie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSince the late 1990s, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has become a common health problem that mostly affects children and infants in Southeast and East Asia. Global climate change is considered to be one of the major risk factors for HFMD. This study aimed to assess the correlation between meteorological factors and HFMD in the Asia-Pacific region. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data and Weipu Database were searched to identify relevant articles published before May 2018. Data were collected and analysed using R software. We searched 2397 articles and identified 51 eligible papers in this study. The present study included eight meteorological factors; mean temperature, mean highest temperature, mean lowest temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and hours of sunshine were positively correlated with HFMD, with correlation coefficients (CORs) of 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42–0.60), 0.43 (95% CI 0.23–0.59), 0.43 (95% CI 0.23–0.60), 0.27 (95% CI 0.19–0.35), 0.19 (95% CI 0.02–0.35) and 0.19 (95% CI 0.11–0.27), respectively. There were sufficient data to support a negative correlation between mean pressure and HFMD (COR = −0.51, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.36). There was no notable correlation with wind speed (COR = 0.10, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.23). Our findings suggest that meteorological factors affect the incidence of HFMD to a certain extent.
Geospatial cluster analyses of pneumonia-associated hospitalisations among adults in New York City, 2010–2014
Authors: Kache P. A. , Julien T. , Corrado R. E. , Vora N. M. , Daskalakis D. C. , Varma J. K. , Lucero D. E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPneumonia is a leading cause of death in New York City (NYC). We identified spatial clusters of pneumonia-associated hospitalisation for persons residing in NYC, aged ⩾18 years during 2010–2014. We detected pneumonia-associated hospitalisations using an all-payer inpatient dataset. Using geostatistical semivariogram modelling, local Moran'sIcluster analyses andχ2tests, we characterised differences between ‘hot spots’ and ‘cold spots’ for pneumonia-associated hospitalisations. During 2010–2014, there were 141 730 pneumonia-associated hospitalisations across 188 NYC neighbourhoods, of which 43.5% (N= 61 712) were sub-classified as severe. Hot spots of pneumonia-associated hospitalisation spanned 26 neighbourhoods in the Bronx, Manhattan and Staten Island, whereas cold spots were found in lower Manhattan and northeastern Queens. We identified hot spots of severe pneumonia-associated hospitalisation in the northern Bronx and the northern tip of Staten Island. For severe pneumonia-associated hospitalisations, hot-spot patients were of lower mean age and a greater proportion identified as non-Hispanic Black compared with cold spot patients; additionally, hot-spot patients had a longer hospital stay and a greater proportion experienced in-hospital death compared with cold-spot patients. Pneumonia prevention efforts within NYC should consider examining the reasons for higher rates in hot-spot neighbourhoods, and focus interventions towards the Bronx, northern Manhattan and Staten Island.
Glacial–interglacial records from sediments in Powell Basin, Antarctica
Authors: Bak Young-Suk , Yoo Kyu-Cheul , Lee Jae Il , Yoon Ho Il 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPalaeoenvironmental history is reconstructed from diatoms in two sediment cores, GC01-PW02 and GC03-PW02, recovered from Powell Basin, Antarctica. A total of 43 species belonging to 21 genera are identified from GC01-PW02. A total of 61 species belonging to 27 genera are identified from GC03-PW02. The number of diatom valves g-1 of dry sediment ranges from 0.1–48.3 × 106 valves g-1. Based on diatom abundance, six assemblage zones were identified from GC01-PW02, and five diatom zones were identified from GC03-PW02. Barren intervals represent glacial periods, while intervals with higher diatom abundances were deposited during interglacial periods and reduced sea ice cover. The occurrence of Rouxia leventerae only within the deepest zone of each of the cores indicates that the core sediments were deposited since marine isotope stage (MIS) 6.