bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity of Hepatozoon spp. in rodents from Brazil
Authors: Perles L. , Roque A. L. R. , D’Andrea P. S. , Lemos E. R. S. , Santos A. F. , Morales A. C. , Machado R. Z. , André M. R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatozoon spp. are Apicomplexan protozoa that parasitize a wide diversity of vertebrate hosts. In Brazil, few studies have reported the occurrence of Hepatozoon spp. in rodent species. Additionally, an evaluation of the population structure and distribution of Hepatozoon species over several Brazilian biomes has not yet been performed. The present work aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Hepatozoon spp. in rodents from 31 genera sampled in five Brazilian biomes. Samples were submitted to PCR assays for Hepatozoon spp. targeting two regions of the 18S rRNA gene. Infection by Hepatozoon spp. was detected in 195 (42.2%) rodents comprising 24 genera. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA sequences grouped all sequences in the clade of Hepatozoon spp. previously detected in rodents and reptiles, apart from those detected in domestic/wild carnivores. These data raise two non-exclusive hypotheses: (i) rodents play an important role as intermediate or paratenic hosts for Hepatozoon infections in reptiles; and (ii) rodents do not seem to participate in the epidemiology of Hepatozoon infections of domestic/wild canids and felids in Brazil. TCS analyses performed with available 18S rRNA Hepatozoon sequences detected in rodents from Brazil showed the occurrence of six haplotypes, which were distributed in two large groups: one from rodents inhabiting the coastal region of Brazil and Mato Grosso state, and another from rodents from the central region of the country. A wide survey of the South American territory will help to elucidate the evolutionary history of Hepatozoon spp. parasitizing Rodentia in the American continent.
Simple rules govern the diversity of bacterial nicotianamine-like metallophores
Authors: Laffont Clémentine , Brutesco Catherine , Hajjar Christine , Cullia Gregorio , Fanelli Roberto , Ouerdane Laurent , Cavelier Florine , Arnoux Pascal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In metal-scarce environments, some pathogenic bacteria produce opine-type metallophores mainly to face the host's nutritional immunity. This is the case of staphylopine, pseudopaline and yersinopine, identified in Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Yersinia pestis, respectively. Depending on the species, these metallophores are synthesized by two (CntLM) or three enzymes (CntKLM), CntM catalyzing the last step of biosynthesis using diverse substrates (pyruvate or α-ketoglutarate), pathway intermediates (xNA or yNA) and cofactors (NADH or NADPH). Here, we explored the substrate specificity of CntM by combining bioinformatic and structural analysis with chemical synthesis and enzymatic studies. We found that NAD(P)H selectivity is mainly due to the amino acid at position 33 (S. aureus numbering) which ensures a preferential binding to NADPH when it is an arginine. Moreover, whereas CntM from P. aeruginosa preferentially uses yNA over xNA, the staphylococcal enzyme is not stereospecific. Most importantly, selectivity toward α-ketoacids is largely governed by a single residue at position 150 of CntM (S. aureus numbering): an aspartate at this position ensures selectivity toward pyruvate, whereas an alanine leads to the consumption of both pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate. Modifying this residue in P. aeruginosa led to a complete reversal of selectivity. Thus, the diversity of opine-type metallophore is governed by the absence/presence of a cntK gene encoding a histidine racemase, and the amino acid residue at position 150 of CntM. These two simple rules predict the production of a fourth metallophore by Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, which was confirmed in vitro and called bacillopaline.
Investigation of serum proteome homeostasis during radiation therapy by a quantitative proteomics approach
Authors: Ouerhani Amira , Chiappetta Giovanni , Souiai Oussema , Mahjoubi Halima , Vinh Joelle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to analyze the serum proteome of patients receiving Radiation Therapy (RT) at different stages of their treatment to discovery candidate biomarkers of the radiation-induced skin lesions and the molecular pathways underlying the radiation signatures. Six stages of RT treatment were monitored from patients treated because of brain cancer: before starting the treatment, during the treatment (four time points), and at 4 weeks from the last RT dose. Serum samples were analyzed by a proteomics approach based on the Data Independent Acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS). RT induced clear changes in the expression levels of 36 serum proteins. Among these, 25 proteins were down- or up-regulated significantly before the emergence of skin lesions. Some of these were still deregulated after the completion of the treatment. Few days before the appearance of the skin lesions, the levels of some proteins involved in the wound healing processes were down-regulated. The pathway analysis indicated that after partial body irradiation, the expression levels of proteins functionally involved in the acute inflammatory and immune response, lipoprotein process and blood coagulation, were deregulated.
Long non-coding RNA SNHG1 protects human AC16 cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin toxicity by regulating miR-195/Bcl-2 axis
Authors: Chen Sisi , Wang Jichun , Zhou Yanli 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a highly effective anti-tumor drug, but its cardiotoxicity largely restricts its clinical application. The present study was designed to explore whether in vitro DOX toxicity in AC16 cardiomyocytes can be regulated by long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We found that DOX treatment led to severe damage in AC16 cells through decreasing cell viability and increasing cell apoptosis. DOX treatment also reduced the expression of SNHG1 in AC16 cells, and overexpression of SNHG1 alleviated the increased apoptosis in DOX-treated AC16 cells. Moreover, we found that SNHG1 could counteract the inhibitory effect of miR-195 on Bcl-2, and miR-195 restoration blocked the beneficial effect of SNHG1 against DOX toxicity in AC16 cells. In short, the present study provided convincing evidence that SNHG1 protects human AC16 cardiomyocytes from DOX toxicity partly by regulating miR-195/Bcl-2 axis.
School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge/Use of Morphological Awareness Instruction: Results of a Survey
Authors: Good Joy E. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the role that morphological awareness instruction plays in school-based speech-language pathologists' (SLPs) clinical practice. Issues related to their knowledge and use of morphological awareness instruction and their overall level of satisfaction with this type of treatment were examined in the survey.

Method
Members of the School-Based Issues Special Interest Group 16 responded to an invitation to complete an electronic survey related to morphological awareness instruction.

Results
The majority of the survey participants did report using morphological awareness instruction within their clinical practice. SLPs were most likely to provide morphological awareness instruction to clients in the elementary grades diagnosed with either a language learning disability or specific language impairment. Specific activities used varied across survey participants, but the majority expressed a high level of satisfaction with this type of intervention.

Conclusion
Data from the current survey reveal that many SLPs recognize the benefits of morphological awareness instruction. Educational and clinical implications are discussed.
Voice Banking to Support People Who Use Speech-Generating Devices: New Zealand Voice Donors' Perspectives
Authors: Westley Michelle , Sutherland Dean , Bunnell H. Timothy 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Voice banking is the process of recording an individual's speech to create a personalized synthetic voice to use on speech-generating augmentative and alternative communication devices. This study set out to examine the experience of healthy voice donors during the ModelTalker voice banking process and to identify specific issues related to voice banking in the New Zealand context.

Method
Eight healthy adults and 2 children completed the ModelTalker voice banking protocol. All participants completed a questionnaire about their voice banking experience, including the length of time required as well as the ease and the technical aspects of the process.

Results
The median time taken to complete the voice banking process was 5 hr 30 min (range: 3 hr 10 min to 11 hr). Questionnaire responses included themes related to the voice banking process, such as increased awareness of voice banking and its benefits, positive features and challenges of the ModelTalker process, and potential adaptations for the New Zealand context.

Conclusions
The findings support the use of ModelTalker with New Zealand speakers and inform development of voice banking protocols. The voices created as part of this study are available for people using speech-generating devices who want to use New Zealand–accented voices. Future research is needed to investigate the voice banking experiences of clinical populations, such as people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Stable Carbon-Centered Radicals Based on N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: July 2019

Carbon-centered radicals and diradicaloids based on classical N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) scaffolds are readily accessible as crystalline solids. The presence of an aryl (Ar) substituent at the C2-position is the key to the remarkable stability of these open-shell species as it provides appropriate room for the spin-density delocalization. Two catalytic as well as high-yielding protocols have been developed to install a suitable aryl group at the C2-position of NHCs. The spin-density in mono-radicals (NHCAr)• is mostly located on the parent carbene carbon (C2) atom. The bridging of two NHCs through a phenylene spacer (C6H4)
n
enables the isolation of various p-quinodimethane (p-QDM) derivatives, which may be considered as open-shell Kekulé diradicaloids. The diradical character of these NHC-analogues of Thiele (n = 1), Chichibabin (n = 2), and Müller (n = 3) hydrocarbons [(NHC)(C6H4)
n
(NHC)] can be tuned by a rational choice of the size and/or the topology of spacers. In this account, the synthesis, structure, and properties of this new class of radical hydrocarbons is presented.1	Introduction2	NHC-Monoradicals3	NHC-Diradicaloids4	Conclusion
Surgical Repair of a Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm: A 22-Year Single-Center Experience
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Yang Ji-Hyuk , Park Pyo Won , Song Jinyoung , Huh June , Kang I-Seok , Jun Tae-Gook 
Published: July 2019

Background Several reports described the repair of sinus of Valsalva aneurysms (SVAs); however, there is still debate regarding the optimal method of operation. We investigated the determinants of the development of significant aortic regurgitation (AR) and long-term survival after surgical repair.
Methods Between January 1995 and December 2016, 71 patients (31 females; median age: 33.3 years) underwent surgical SVA repair with (n = 60) or without (n = 11) rupture. Aortic valvuloplasty (AVP) was performed using Trusler's technique in 28 patients (39.4%), and 11 patients (15.5%) underwent aortic valve replacement during the first operation.
Results There was no early mortality, and three deaths occurred during follow-up (median: 65.4 months). Patients with grade II preoperative AR who underwent AVP tended to develop significant postoperative AR, but freedom from significant AR did not differ statistically (p = 0.387). Among patients who underwent AVP, freedom from significant AR did not differ statistically between those with grades I and II and those with grades III and IV (p = 0.460).
Conclusion Surgical repair of SVA with or without rupture can be performed safely using the dual approach technique. Concomitant aortic valve repair can be performed without difficulty and should be recommended not only for patients with moderate or severe preoperative AR (grades III and IV) but also for those with minimal or mild preoperative AR (grades I and II), whose aortic valve geometry needs correction.
Micro-Lightguide Spectrophotometry (O2C) for Lower Limb Perfusion: Effects of Exercise Walking in Claudicants
Authors: Gyldenløve Thomas , Jørgensen Lise P. , Schroeder Torben V. 
Published: July 2019

Background Exercise walking has improved walking capacity in patients with intermittent claudication without affecting the macrocirculation reflected in ankle pressures. We wanted to investigate microcirculation in the skin related to exercise walking by using Micro-Lightguide Spectrophotometry (O2C).
Materials and Methods Twenty-eight patients with intermittent claudication—bilateral in 17—were included in a 12 weeks of structured home-based exercise program. The pain-free and maximal walking distances were determined on a treadmill. Saturation and flow, monitored by O2C, were examined immediately before and after the treadmill test. O2C examination took place before as well as after completion of the exercise program. Ankle–brachial index was obtained before treadmill testing.
Results As expected, walking performance improved significantly without affecting ankle pressures. Neither oxygen saturation nor flow, assessed at 2 mm depth, was affected following a 12 weeks of exercise program. We observed a significant decrease in oxygen saturation and flow upon treadmill testing in the both limbs in patients with bilateral peripheral arterial disease (PAD). In contrast, the treadmill test elicited no changes in the opposite and asymptomatic limb in patients with only unilateral PAD.
Conclusion The findings suggest that O2C may be used to study microcirculatory changes. However, it is best suited for the study of phenomena resulting in major changes as it eliminates some inherent variability.
Persistence of Reduced Left Ventricular Function after Aortic Valve Surgery for Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Bicuspid versus Tricuspid
Authors: Petersen Johannes , Neumann Niklas , Naito Shiho , Sequeira Gross Tatiana , Massel Robert , Reichenspurner Hermann , Girdauskas Evaldas 
Published: July 2019

Objective Long-term prognosis of patients with aortic regurgitation (AR) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) who undergo aortic valve surgery (AVS) is unknown. Due to the congenital origin, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) morphotype might be associated with a more severe cardiomyopathy. We aimed to evaluate the LVEF recovery after aortic valve replacement (AVR) surgery in patients with AR and reduced preoperative LVEF.
Methods This retrospective analysis included 1,170 consecutive patients with moderate to severe AR who underwent AVS at our institution between January 2005 and April 2016. Preoperative echocardiography revealed 154 (13%) patients with predominant AR and baseline LVEF < 50%. A total of 60 (39%) patients had a BAV (BAV group), while the remaining 94 (61%) patients had a tricuspid morphotype (tricuspid aortic valve [TAV] group). Follow-up protocol included clinical interview using a structured questionnaire and echocardiographic follow-up.
Results A total of 154 patients (mean age 63.5 ± 12.4 years, 71% male) underwent AVS for AR in the context of reduced LVEF (mean LVEF 42 ± 8%). Fifteen (10%) patients had a severely reduced preoperative LVEF ≤ 30%. Mean STS (Society of Thoracic Surgeons) score was 1.36 ± 1.09%. Mean follow-up was comparable between both the study groups (BAV: 50 ± 40 months vs. TAV: 40 ± 38 months, p = 0.140). A total of 25 (17%) patients died during follow-up. Follow-up echocardiography demonstrated similar rate of postoperatively reduced LVEF in both groups (i.e., 39% BAV patients vs. 43% TAV patients; p = 0.638). Cox's regression analysis showed no significant impact of BAV morphotype (i.e., as compared with TAV) on the postoperative LVEF recovery (odds ratio [OR]: 1.065; p = 0.859). Severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction at baseline (i.e., LVEF ≤ 30%) was a strong predictor for persistence of reduced LVEF during follow-up (OR: 3.174; 95% confidence interval: 1.517–6.640; p = 0.002). Survival was significantly reduced in patients with persisting LV dysfunction versus those in whom LVEF recovered (log rank: p < 0.001).
Conclusion Our study demonstrates that reduced LVEF persists postoperatively in 40 to 45% patients who present with relevant AR and reduced LVEF at baseline. Postoperative LVEF recovery is independent of aortic valve morphotype (i.e., BAV vs. TAV). Severe LV dysfunction (LVEF ≤ 30%) at baseline is a strong predictor for persistence of reduced LVEF in patients with AR and results in significantly reduced long-term survival.
Lower Lip and Chin Reconstruction with Functional Myocutaneous Gracilis Flap
Authors: Spaggiari Antonio , Benanti Elisa , Starnoni Marta , Sala Pietro , Baccarani Alessio , Santis Giorgio De 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLower lip is an important anatomical unit in daily life activities, and its proper functional and aesthetic reconstruction is crucial. In the literature, both locoregional and microsurgical flaps have been described in lower lip reconstruction. Few authors have reported lower lip reconstruction with gracilis free flap. We describe a case of wide lower lip and chin avulsion caused by human bite reconstructed with an innervated gracilis free flap raised with its overlying skin paddle. The gracilis flap was harvested with a skin paddle of 7 × 5 cm, and vascular and nervous anastomoses were performed. At 9-month follow-up, an electromyography showed high muscle activities observed in the central part of the flap, and the patient achieved good oral functions reported with daily life activities. Raising the flap with the overlying skin paddle allowed us to avoid morbidity in other donor sites, avoid scar retraction of the skin graft on the gracilis that could limit its movement, and plan aesthetical refinements such as hair transplantation or tattoo of the beard on the skin.
15.5.4 Isoquinolines (Update 2019)
Authors: Pilgrim B. S. , Tucker M. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contributions (Sections 15.5.1, 15.5.2, and 15.5.3) covering the synthesis and reactivity of isoquinolines, isoquinoline Noxides, and isoquinolinium salts. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2003–2016, with a particular emphasis on transition-metal-catalyzed synthetic processes.
18.12.26 Imidic Acids and Derivatives, Isoureas and Derivatives, Sulfur and Selenium Equivalents, and Analogously Substituted Methylenephosphines (Update 2019)
Authors: Podlech J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution (Section 18.12) on the preparation of imidic acid derivatives and isoureas, their sulfur, selenium, and phosphorus derivatives, and on their applications in organic synthesis. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2004–2017.
Intercultural pragmatics and the translation of English interjections and expletives into Spanish and Chinese
Authors: Qin Huang , Valdeón Roberto A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article aims to discuss the importance of pragmatics in translation, paying particular attention to the difficulties posed by two non-clausal units or inserts (Biber et al. 1999). These elements have been classified into nine categories, namely interjections, greetings and farewells, discourse markers, attention signals, response elicitors, response forms, hesitators, polite formulae and expletives. In this article we will discuss two of them, interjections and expletives, both of which express stance. We will consider the possible renderings of these elements in Spanish and Chinese and the difficulties they pose in the translation of fictional dialogue in connection with previous research into this issue in order to identify future lines of enquiry. As regards the translation of expletives, it seems that recent publications point towards a greater presence of swearwords in Spanish dubbed versions than in the past, referred to in this article as a “vulgarization hypothesis”.
A metaphor-based account of semantic relations among proverbs
Authors: Lemghari El Mustapha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The paper deals with semantic relations in the field of proverbs from the standpoint of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Our main claim is that proverb understanding is conceptually complex, involving many construal operations, namely metaphor. Metaphor is assumed to play a crucial role in framing and relating proverbs to one another via various semantic relationships. Three semantic relations will be highlighted: synonymy, antonymy and polysemy. Synonymous proverbs will be shown to be structured by similar metaphors, whereas antonymous proverbs by contradictory metaphors. As regards polysemous proverbs, our focus will be on a specific polysemy, consisting of contradictory meanings. Overall, we will attempt to build a cognitive model for proverbs semantic relationships, based on three main assumptions: first, proverbs have relatively stable meaning. Second, rather than sharply distinct, conventionalized meaning and contextual meaning of proverbs form a continuum, residing in their common conceptual base. Third, such a common conceptual base is metaphor-dependent.
How do Saudis complain?
Authors: El-Dakhs Dina Abdel Salam , Al-Haqbani Jawaher Nasser , Althaqafi Manal A. , Al-Fouzan Shorouq 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe current study adopts a dialogue-analytic approach to the examination of complaint behavior in Saudi Arabic as spoken in the Najd region, the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To this end, role-plays with 120 Saudi nationals who are Najdi-speakers were recorded and transcribed. Statistical comparisons revealed that Najdis used a variety of complaint strategies with requests for repair, expressing annoyance and providing modified blame being the most frequent. Najdis also produced a large number of initiators and internal and external modifiers, mainly to mitigate the negative force of complaints. Although a small influence was found for gender, the variables of age, social distance and social dominance showed a strong influence on the Najdis’ complaint behavior. The results are discussed in light of relevant theoretical models and the existing literature.
Branched flow and caustics in nonlinear waves
Authors: Green Gerrit , Fleischmann Ragnar 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Rogue waves, i.e. high amplitude fluctuations in random wave fields, have been studied in several contexts, ranging from optics via acoustics to the propagation of ocean waves. Scattering by disorder, like current fields and wind fluctuations in the ocean, as well as nonlinearities in the wave equations provide widely studied mechanisms for their creation. However, the interaction of these mechanisms is largely unexplored. Hence, we study wave propagation under the concurrent influence of geometrical (disorder) and nonlinear focusing in the (current-modified) nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We show how nonlinearity shifts the onset distance of geometrical (disorder) focusing and alters the peak intensities of the fluctuations. We find an intricate interplay of both mechanisms that is reflected in the observation of optimal ratios of nonlinearity and disorder strength for the generation of rogue waves.