bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of tumor-treating fields on the survival of Japanese patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kanamori Masayuki , Tsuzuki Shunsuke , Shibahara Ichiyo , Saito Kuniaki , Shimoda Yoshiteru , Tanaka Kazuhiro , Yamaguchi Shigeru , Natsumeda Manabu , Matsutani Tomoo , Hanihara Mitsuto , Nakada Mitsutoshi , Kuroda Jun-Ichiro , Matsuda Masahide , Yoshimoto Koji , Yonezawa Ushio , Sonoda Yukihiko , Takano Koji , Yonezawa Hajime , Otani Yoshihiro , Nakahara Yukiko , Uchida Masashi , Nonaka Masahiro , Mineharu Yohei , Kitamura Yohei , Yamashita Shinji , Yamauchi Takahiro , Miyake Yohei , Deguchi Shoichi , Beppu Takaaki , Tamura Kaoru , Koizumi Shinichiro , Hirose Yuichi , Asano Kenichiro , Hiruta Ryo , Kinoshita Manabu , Miyake Keisuke , Nakayama Noriyuki , Inoue Akihiro , Ono Takahiro , Sasaki Takahiro , Akiyama Yukinori , Fukami Shinjiro , Yoshino Atsuo , Kawanishi Yu , Asanome Taku , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Takahashi Masamichi , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Arakawa Yoshiki , Narita Yoshitaka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The EF-14 clinical trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of tumor-treating fields (TTFields) for newly diagnosed glioblastoma. This study aimed to clarify the current status, safety, and efficacy of TTFields in Japanese patients who meet the EF-14 inclusion criteria.

Methods
This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Background, treatment, and outcome data of patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria of the EF-14 trial were collected from 45 institutions across Japan. The rate, determinants, and current status of TTField use, including its safety and efficacy in terms of progression and survival, were retrospectively investigated. This study was conducted in accordance with the STROBE checklist.

Results
Among the 607 patients enrolled, 70 were excluded due to progressive disease during radiation and temozolomide therapy, age &gt; 80 years old, and Karnofsky Performance Status score of &lt;70. Among the remaining 537 patients, 210 (39%) underwent TTField treatment. Multivariate analysis revealed younger age and spouse as a caregiver as significant factors for TTField use. The compliance rate of TTField use exceeded 75% in 60% of patients, with a median TTField usage duration of 11 months. Skin disorders requiring medical treatment occurred in 56% of patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis in the whole series and propensity score-matched analysis revealed that TTField use was not a prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS).

Conclusions
TTField use did not have a substantial effect on either PFS or OS in Japanese patients with glioblastoma, despite compliance rates comparable to those observed in the EF-14.
The impact of immune-related adverse events on survival outcomes in a racially diverse population, with a focus on non-Hispanic Black patients
Authors: Radwan Amr , Jani Chinmay T , Al Omari Omar , Patel Mohini , Burns Laura , Mackay Zoe , Li Liuping , Mahdaviani Kiana , Davidson Arielle , Weinberg Janice , Everett Peter C , Suzuki Kei , Mak Kimberley S , Kulke Matthew H , Tapan Umit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) has been associated with improved survival outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, this association’s extent across race and ethnicity remains uncertain. We evaluated the association between the development of irAEs and treatment outcomes across racially diverse groups treated at a safety net hospital.

Methods
A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with advanced NSCLC treated between 2015 and 2020. The incidence of irAEs across racial subgroups was compared using logistic regression analysis. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the development of irAEs and treatment outcomes.

Results
We identified 138 NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), of whom 50% identified as non-Hispanic Black (NHB). Incidence of irAEs was 28%, with no significant difference between NHB and other racial groups. However, females [OR 2.3, 95% CI, (1.1-4.8)] and patients with Medicaid or MassHealth insurance had a higher incidence of irAEs [OR 2.7 (1.2-5.7)]. Additionally, patients with irAEs had a lower risk of disease progression (multivariable HR 0.46, 95% CI, 0.23-0.92) compared to those without irAEs. The association between irAEs and improved progression free survival (PFS) in NHB patients was similar to the other racial group [median PFS 246 vs 181 days; HR 0.87 (0.58-1.29)].

Conclusion
We demonstrated a similar incidence of irAEs in NHB patients with NSCLC as compared to other racial groups. Patients who developed irAEs experienced significantly improved survival outcomes. This association remained independent of race and ethnicity, underscoring the importance of providing unbiased treatment recommendations.
Unlocking the optimization of electrical properties of epoxy-carbon nanotube composites modified with waste eggshell particles via the Taguchi-Grey method
Authors: Dinneya-Onuoha Ekele , Aigbodion Victor Sunday , Ogbodo Agbo Alfred 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Advanced electronics demand materials that combine high thermal conductivity with enhanced electrical properties, yet achieving these improvements simultaneously poses significant challenges. This research employs the Taguchi-Grey methodology to explore the synergistic effects of dielectric elements and the high thermal conductivity of epoxy-based composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and repurposed eggshell particles (ESp). Composite production involved solution blending, followed by evaluations of dielectric constant, thermal conductivity, and sample morphology. Under optimal conditions—1 wt% ESp, 2.5 wt% CNTs, curing at 90°C for 6 h—substantial increases in electrical and thermal conductivity of 19.130% and 94.27%, respectively, were achieved. These enhancements are attributed to the synergistic interaction between dielectric materials and CNTs, as well as the uniform CNT dispersion facilitated by the repurposed eggshells. The 95% confidence level confirmed a strong alignment between the predicted and experimental grey relational grades (GRG), validating the identified optimal parameters. This study demonstrates the potential of using repurposed eggshells to produce conductive polymers with uniformly dispersed CNTs, significantly enhancing thermal conductivity. These findings suggest a promising approach for sustainable, high-performance dielectric materials for electronic applications.
The transcription factor GhMYB4 represses lipid transfer and sucrose transporter genes and inhibits fiber cell elongation in cotton
Authors: Duan Yujia , Shang Xiaoguang , Wu Ruoxue , Yu Yujia , He Qingfei , Tian Ruiping , Li Weixi , Zhu Guozhong , Guo Wangzhen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fiber is a highly elongated single cell with a thickened cell wall. MYB transcription factors are important regulators of plant cell elongation; however, the molecular mechanism involved in regulating fiber elongation remains to be explored. Here, we present evidence that the R2R3-MYB transcription factor GhMYB4 negatively regulates cotton fiber cell elongation by suppressing the expression of 2 crucial genes previously reported to affect fiber development: lipid transfer protein 4 (GhLTP4) and sucrose transporter 12 (GhSWEET12). GhMYB4 is preferentially expressed in elongating fiber cells. Knockdown of GhMYB4 in cotton results in longer fiber cells, whereas overexpression of GhMYB4 in Arabidopsis leads to reduced plant height and root length. Transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses revealed that GhMYB4 is involved in coordinating 3 interconnected biological processes, namely lipid content regulation, auxin signaling, and sugar metabolism. Additionally, we showed that GhMYB4 inhibits the expression of GhLTP4 and GhSWEET12 by binding to the MYB cis-element (TTTAGTG) in their respective promoters. Interestingly, basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor 105 (GhbHLH105) and MYB transcription factor 212 (GhMYB212) counteract the inhibitory effects of GhMYB4 on the expression of GhLTP4 and GhSWEET12, respectively. These findings provide insights into the complex molecular mechanisms regulating plant cell elongation.
Modulation of microtubule dynamics by monovalent ions
Authors: Fernandes Simon , Aumeier Charlotte 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The microtubule cytoskeleton is a dynamic network essential for many cellular processes, influenced by physicochemical factor, such as temperature, pH, dimer concentration, and ionic environment. In this study, we used in vitro reconstitution assays to examine the effects of four monovalent ions (Na+, K+, Cl−, and Ac−) on microtubule dynamics, uncovering distinct effects for each ion. Na+ was found to increase microtubule dynamicity by raising catastrophe frequency, polymerization and depolymerization speeds, and ultimately reducing microtubule lifetime by 80%. Conversely, Ac− boosts microtubule nucleation and stabilizes microtubules by increasing rescue frequency and preventing breakages, resulting in longer microtubules with extended lifetimes. Cl− appeared to potentiate the effects of Na+, while K+ had minimal impact on microtubule dynamic parameters. These findings demonstrate that Na+ and Ac− have opposing effects on microtubule dynamics, with Na+ destabilizing and Ac− stabilizing the microtubule structure. This ionic impact is mainly through modulation of tubulin–tubulin interactions rather than affecting the hydrolysis rate. In conclusion, ion identity plays a crucial role in modulating microtubule dynamics. Understanding the ionic environment is essential for microtubule-related research, as it significantly influences microtubule behavior, stability, and interactions with other proteins.
Targeting chromatin modifying complexes in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Schurer Alexandra , Glushakow-Smith Shira G , Gritsman Kira 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a devastating hematologic malignancy with high rates of relapse, which can, in part, be attributed to the dysregulation of chromatin modifications. These epigenetic modifications can affect the capacity of hematopoietic cells to self-renew or differentiate, which can lead to transformation. Aberrant histone modifications contribute to the derepression of self-renewal genes such as HOXA/B and MEIS1 in committed hematopoietic progenitors, which is considered a key mechanism of leukemogenesis in MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) and NPM1-mutated AML. As regulators of some of the key histone modifications in this disease, the menin-KMT2A and polycomb repressive (PRC1/2) complexes have been identified as promising targets for the treatment of AML. This review explores recent discoveries of how leukemic cells hijack these complexes and their interactions with other chromatin regulators to promote disease progression. We also discuss inhibitors targeting these complexes that have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies and propose novel therapeutic combinations targeting the KMT2A and PRC1/2 broader interacting networks to overcome issues of resistance to existing monotherapies.
Insights into RNA‐mediated pathology in new mouse models of Huntington's disease
Authors: Wozna‐Wysocka Magdalena , Jazurek‐Ciesiolka Magdalena , Przybyl Lukasz , Wronka Dorota , Misiorek Julia Oliwia , Suszynska‐Zajczyk Joanna , Figura Grzegorz , Ciesiolka Adam , Sobieszczanska Paula , Zeller Anna , Niemira Magdalena , Switonski Pawel Michal , Fiszer Agnieszka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative polyglutamine (polyQ) disease resulting from the expansion of CAG repeats located in the ORF of the huntingtin gene (HTT). The extent to which mutant mRNA‐driven disruptions contribute to HD pathogenesis, particularly in comparison to the dominant mechanisms related to the gain‐of‐function effects of the mutant polyQ protein, is still debatable. To evaluate this contribution in vivo, we generated two mouse models through a knock‐in strategy at the Rosa26 locus. These models expressed distinct variants of human mutant HTT cDNA fragment: a translated variant (HD/100Q model, serving as a reference) and a nontranslated variant (HD/100CAG model). The cohorts of animals were subjected to a broad spectrum of molecular, behavioral, and cognitive analysis for 21 months. Behavioral testing revealed alterations in both models, with the HD/100Q model exhibiting late disease phenotype. The rotarod, static rod, and open‐field tests showed some motor deficits in HD/100CAG and HD/100Q model mice during the light phase, while ActiMot indicated hyperkinesis during the dark phase. Both models also exhibited certain gene deregulations in the striatum that are related to disrupted pathways and phenotype alterations observed in HD. In conclusion, we provide in vivo evidence for a minor contributory role of mutant RNA in HD pathogenesis. The separated effects resulting from the presence of mutant RNA in the HD/100CAG model led to less severe but, to some extent, similar types of impairments as in the HD/100Q model. Increased anxiety was one of the most substantial effects caused by mutant HTT RNA.
Barriers to Effective Infection Prevention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Weser Veronica U. , Crocker Abigail , Murray Thomas S. , Wright Jayson , Truesdell Erin J.K. , Ciaburri Rebecca , Marks Asher M. , Martinello Richard A. , Hieftje Kimberly D. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Infection prevention (IP) behaviors such as hand hygiene (HH) and mobile device disinfection are important to reduce the risk of infection transmission from both family members and hospital staff to critically ill neonates.

Purpose:
To inform the design of educational interventions to improve both patient family and staff IP behaviors, we engaged separate groups of nurses and family members to understand perceptions about the spread of infection and barriers to implementing effective IP strategies.

Methods:
This was a qualitative study using focus groups to gather data from neonatal nurses and patient family members. Data were triangulated with hospital-wide survey data and analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Results:
Twelve nurses and 4 patient family members participated. Themes related to communication about IP between staff and family members emerged: stakeholders expressed discomfort with the timing and nature of just-in-time HH education. These communication challenges contributed to stress levels within the neonatal intensive care unit. This finding was reflected in the hospital-wide survey.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Steps should be taken to improve communication about IP behaviors between patient family members and frontline staff. Reducing nurse burden of providing just-in-time HH reminders to patient family members through increased IP education may decrease stress and facilitate IP behaviors. This has the potential to decrease infection spread and improve patient outcomes. The development of interventions targeting stakeholder communication is therefore warranted, but additional research is needed to understand the timing and process for delivery of the educational material.
Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology
Authors: Khossravi Ava S. , Chen Qingyu , Adelman Ron A. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
To review role of artificial intelligence in medicine.

Recent findings
Artificial intelligence is continuing to revolutionize access, diagnosis, personalization of medicine, and treatment in healthcare. As a matter of fact, artificial intelligence contributed to the research that resulted in 2024 Nobel Prizes in physics, chemistry, and economics. We are only at the tip of the iceberg in utilizing the abilities of artificial intelligence in medicine to improve accuracy of diagnoses and to enhance patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence has allowed better image analysis, prediction of progression of disease, personalized treatment plans, incorporations of genomics, and improved efficiency in care and follow-up utilizing home monitoring. In ocular health diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, glaucoma, corneal infections, and ectasia are only a few examples of how the power of artificial intelligence has been harnessed. Even though there are still challenges that need more work in the areas of patient privacy, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliance, reliability, and development of regulatory frameworks, artificial intelligence has revolutionized and will continue to revolutionize medicine.

Summary
Artificial intelligence is enhancing medical diagnosis and treatment, as well as access and prevention. Ocular imaging, visual outcome, optics, intraocular pressure, and data points will continue to see growth it the field of artificial intelligence.
Critical care nutrition: a Bayesian re-analysis of trial data
Authors: Angeloni Natalia Alejandra , Angriman Federico , Adhikari Neill K.J. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Nutritional support and optimal glucose control are key components of care during critical illness, yet evidence surrounding their use remains conflicting, making translation into clinical practice challenging. This review explores Bayesian methods to enhance the interpretation of frequentist critical care trials, particularly for interventions with inconclusive outcomes.

Recent findings
Bayesian re-analysis frameworks may clarify conflicting evidence in critical care, thus enhancing interpretability and supporting clinical decision-making. This review focuses on the Bayesian re-analysis of three recent trials with indeterminate results for mortality – NUTRIREA-3, EFFORT Protein, and TGC-Fast – that examined the effects of enteral nutrition and glucose control strategies.

Summary
We re-analyzed the mortality outcomes of these trials within a Bayesian framework, contrasting our findings with the original trial results to illustrate how Bayesian methods can enhance the clinical applicability of trial outcomes. Although Bayesian and frequentist analyses generally agree on the direction and magnitude of effect, Bayesian methods offer the advantage of providing posterior probabilities of benefit and harm, thus identifying promising and potentially harmful interventions. This review underscores the value of Bayesian analysis in re-evaluating clinical trial data and guiding clinical practice.
Diagnostic performance of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI for detection of disease recurrence in differentiated thyroid cancer: a compartment-based analysis
Authors: Özkan Elgin , Ünal Sena , Akkuş Pinar , Peker Elif , Araz Mine , Dursun Ecenur , Soydal Cigdem , Yilmazer Zorlu Nil Sezer , Gökcan Mustafa Kursat , Erdoğan Murat Faik , Yavuz Yasemin , Küçük Nuriye Ozlem 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of neck fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/MRI in addition to whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT) and to compare it with MRI in the detection of suspicion of disease relapse in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) who underwent total thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy.

Methods
Twenty-nine patients with DTC who underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT followed by neck PET/MRI because of increased serum thyroglobulin (Tg) or anti-Tg antibody levels and negative 131I whole-body scan were included. At least 6 months of clinical and radiological (neck ultrasound) follow-up or histopathological examination results were accepted as the gold standard. Lesion and compartment-based analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic performances of PET/CT, MRI, and PET/MRI. In addition, changes of clinical management were evaluated.

Results
On lesion-based analysis, for PET/CT, MRI, and PET/MRI: sensitivity: 33.3, 33.3, and 37%; specificity: 90.1, 87.9, and 95.9%; accuracy: 87.5, 85.4, and 93.2 were calculated, respectively. Specificity of PET/MRI was significantly superior to PET/CT and MRI (P of0.001); however, sensitivity of PET/MRI was not significant to PET/CT and MRI (P of0.05). On compartment-based analysis, specificity of PET/MRI and MRI were comparable but significantly superior to PET/CT at levels 1 and 2; however, specificity of PET/CT and PET/MRI were comparable but significantly superior than MRI, especially at levels 3, 4, and 5.

Conclusion
PET/MRI especially helps in the accurate exclusion of findings that are suspicious on PET/CT and MRI, and has the potential to change the clinical management by identifying uncertain neck findings.
The role of living donor liver transplantation in colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Rajendran Luckshi , Sapisochin Gonzalo , Cattral Mark 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
Despite technical and therapeutic advances, only 20–40% of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) have resectable disease. Historically, the remaining patients with unresectable, liver-only CRLM would receive palliative chemotherapy, with a median survival of 8 months.

Recent findings
Liver transplantation has emerged as a viable option for selected patients with CRLM. This advancement stems from improved understanding of tumour genomics and biology and better patient selection criteria. The results of recent prospective clinical trials have further ignited enthusiasm for liver transplantation as a viable therapeutic option. Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) offers several advantages over deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) for this disease, including reduced wait-time and optimized timing and coordination of oncologic therapy. On-going LDLT clinical trials have demonstrated favourable outcomes as compared with other liver transplantation indications. However, there is no established consensus or standardization in the implementation of LDLT for CRLM, beyond trials and centre-specific protocols.

Summary
LDLT is an excellent therapeutic option in highly selected patients with CRLM. Refining prognostic factors and selection criteria will help to further optimize the utility and broaden the acceptance and implementation of LDLT for patients with CRLM.
Immersive Virtual Reality as a Tool to Reduce Anxiety and Distress in Patients With Breast Cancer During Radiotherapy
Authors: Aydin Aydanur , Uslu Gonca Hanedan , Gursoy Ayla 
Published: November 2024

Background
Virtual reality (VR) can be an innovative method to reduce patients’ anxiety and support their psychological health.

Objective
To evaluate the anxiety and distress-reducing effects of using immersive VR (IVR) intervention in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT).

Methods
Sixty breast cancer patients undergoing RT were recruited for the quasi-experimental study. The participants were divided into the intervention group and the control group. Anxiety and distress, the primary outcome measures, were assessed before the first and after the last radiation session using reliable scales. Patients in the intervention group watched a tranquil forest view with birdsong and meditation music during each RT session using IVR goggles.

Results
Both group patients had similar levels of anxiety and distress before the start of RT. After the intervention, the anxiety and distress of the patients in the intervention group decreased significantly compared with the control group. In addition, treatment-related comfort was higher in the intervention group. Overall, the majority of patients in the intervention group expressed a high level of satisfaction with this IVR experience.

Conclusion
Patients who experienced an IVR intervention showed less anxiety and distress, greater comfort, and higher satisfaction. This innovative technique can be used as a practical solution to alleviate anxiety and distress in various healthcare settings.

Implications for Practice
Immersive VR can be used in treatment and care interventions that cause anxiety and distress in oncology patients.