bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Risk-Based Approach to Provision of Medical Services at Remote Sites
Authors: Harley Hazel , Hills Max 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives / Scope
To develop a risk assessment tool for measuring the level of medical services required at remote sites during a medical emergency.

Methods, Procedures, Process
At Chevron Australia, in addition to on-site clinical resources, Medivac and Medical Support Procedures provide rotary wing and fixed wing medical evacuation from our sites when required.
According to definitions prescribed by the Institute of Remote Healthcare (IRHC) 2013, all of Chevron Australia's operating environments are considered "remote" or "extreme remote" locations.
"Critically" ill patients are defined as those patients who are at high risk for actual of potential life-threatening health problems, due to either illness of injury. Importantly, these critically ill patients require expedient medical treatment within the first hour after presentation to enable the greatest opportunity of survival.
Lifesaving medical interventions due to workplace injury are rarely required on our sites, however, emergency medical events representing a risk to life have occurred, e.g. onset of angina, stroke etc. Such events require appropriately trained personnel, medical equipment and consumables as well as appropriate infrastructure and procedures to achieve the best possible outcome for the patient.
To ensure the best medical response is deployed, a risk-based guideline for provision of medical services has been developed, which provides a structured approach to determining level of medical service required.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The risk-based guideline has been developed alongside the learnings from previous operational reviews to maximise effectiveness.

Novel, Additive Information
The Risk Assessment Tool will be presented.
Advocating Human Rights in Supply Chain
Authors: Raja Musa Raja Tatina , Heng Jing Yi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper will provide an overview of human rights implementation in the PETRONAS supply chain since the establishment of the company's Human Rights Commitment in 2015. The implementation involved embedding relevant human rights elements throughout the entire supply chain management process, starting from contractor licensing and registration to the performance evaluation of contractor at the end of contract lifecycle. This paper will also discuss on the key success factors and challenges faced in ensuring effective implementation.
The key success of PETRONAS Human Rights Commitment implementation in supply chain is derived from many factors, namely top leadership support in driving the execution and strong collaboration between Social Performance and Procurement fraternities. As a result, PETRONAS has embarked on a series of enhancement to its procurement process, which includes the introduction of Contractors Code of Conduct on Human Rights and inclusion of human rights in the General Terms and Conditions of all contracts. PETRONAS also intensified its capability building efforts for both employees and contractors to ensure that the human rights requirements are cascaded effectively and well-understood across the supply chain.
Environmental Friendly Drilling Fluid Additives: Can Food Waste Products be Used as Thinners and Fluid Loss Control Agents for Drilling Fluid?
Authors: Al-Hameedi Abo Taleb , Alkinani Husam H. , Dunn-Norman Shari , Alashwak Nawaf A. , Alshammari Abdullah F. , Alkhamis Mohammed M. , W. Albazzaz Hussien , Mutar Rusul A. , Alsaba Mortadha T. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Conventional chemical additives used in controlling drilling fluid properties have a severe drawback on the environment and personnel safety. The commercially available additives are non-biodegradable materials and have negative impacts when released to the environment. Thus, there is a great need for new environmental friendly biodegradable drilling fluid additives that can help to control the drilling fluid properties with the least effects on the environment and the workers’ health.
This study investigates the introduction of biodegradable food waste product, which is Potato Peels Powder (PPP) to be used as environmental friendly drilling fluid additive. The effects of adding various concentrations of PPP on the chemical and the physical properties of the drilling mud (e.g. mud weight (MW), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), the filtration characteristics, and pH) were evaluated. The evaluation included conducting lab experiments with full-set measurements following the specifications of the American Petroleum Institute (API), such as filtration loss and corrosion control rate
The effects of adding different concentrations of the bio-enhancer additive (PPP) were measured and recorded using mud balance, a standard API viscometer, a standard low-pressure and temperature (LPLT) filter press, chemical titration, and other drilling lab equipment. Then, all results of PPP were compared with the properties of the reference water-based mud (spud mud) in order to assess and validate the effects of biodegradable additives and their effectiveness in optimizing the performance of water-based mud.
The results showed that PPP had a negligible effect on mud weight and solid content. However, PPP tangibly influenced the rheological properties in terms of maximizing plastic viscosity and minimizing yield point and gel strength. Also, PPP significantly improved the filtration characteristics by reducing the fluid loss and mud cake thickness, suggesting their applicability to be used as an excellent fluid loss control agent. Moreover, PPP additives resulted in increasing sodium chloride (NaCl); consequently, resistivity was reduced. Finally, PPP additives resulted in a reduction in alkalinity and calcium ions content (Ca++). These experimental results show that Potato Peels Powder (PPP) has the potential to be used as an alternative to some of the conventional chemical additives, and hence reducing the amount of non-biodegradable waste disposed to the environment, avoiding the personnel safety, and minimizing the drilling cost.
Waste Upcycling for Marine Rubber Hoses
Authors: Sricharoen Poonsook , Roteborwornwittaya Ratchaneephan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Marine rubber hoses are normally used for loading and offloading condensate or crude oil in oil and gas industries. These hoses are mostly contaminated with hydrocarbons or other heavy metals and disposed of as hazardous waste. With the aim of "zero waste to landfill" and adoption of a waste upcycling approach, better and appropriate disposal methods for used hoses in market were evaluated and selected to support the achievement of the target.
Typically, used hoses are disposed of by secured landfill. To avoid the high negative impacts of landfill, used hoses from the Company activities had been accumulated in storage over many years while the Company sought out the best available process to manage them. Burning the waste in a Cement kiln, an alternative waste disposal method, cannot dispose of the hoses completely because they are made with reinforced steel wires; in fact, the hoses must be shredded into smaller pieces prior to burning them in the kiln. As a solution and an endeavor to develop new methods with hose manufacturers, waste disposers and other waste generators, a combination of decontamination and pyrolysis process was selected as the answer. The former is a process of removing contaminants that have accumulated in the hoses and that are critical to health and safety, while the latter is a new way of getting value from burned materials through thermochemical decomposition of organic material at high temperatures while they are in chamber absent of oxygen; this causes the materials to break down into smaller molecules. As a result of this combined process, we are able to convert hoses with reinforced materials into alternative valued products: carbon black, steel wires, and pyrolysis oil, which can be further used as raw material or an energy source for other industries. In terms of commercial use, this new method has resulted in lower cost when compared to using a secured landfill. It serves as an alternative waste disposal method and is considered to be the most efficient process to replace secured landfill. This method may also help the Company in disseminating future best practices on the disposal process to other oil and gas companies who are considering alternative processes and help the Company in promoting the waste upcycling scheme for a better environmental value.
Preventing Crude Oil Leakage into the Upper Aquifer from Happening in Steam Huff-Puff Production Wells
Authors: Wang Lei , Sun Wenyong , Chu Shengli , Cen Xueqi , Luan Guohua , Li Na , Su Hua , Wen Liangfan , Liu Hu , Tian Guoqiang , Chen Yihe 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Oil leakage into the upper aquifer is generally considered to be an environmentally-unfriendly issue and shorten production life. Despite not necessarily receiving the most coverage, oil leakage do happen in steam huff-puff production wells and may actually occur more frequently than we perceive. Presently, the oil leakage through annular space around a cemented casing into upper water layer during huff stage has become a problem to be urgently solved in thermal recovery production. The solutions to this difficulty are usage of thermal-stability cement slurry system with high-adsorbability additives and thickened low-permeability surface cement sheath. The well section from 100 metres below the upper aquifer is cemented by thickened cement sheath, and the rest well section from the bottom of oil layer to the wellhead is cemented by a novel high-adsorbability cement slurry system. The objective of usage of high-adsorbability cement slurry system is to absorb spilled oil, and the objective of the thickened low-permeability surface cement sheath is to achieve a stable physical plugging. SEM photographs indicate that the microstructure of thermal-stability cement paste after high-temperature steam is more compact. The performance of hardened cement paste before and after steam vapor curing shows that the compression strength, tensile strength and shear stress had little change. It avoids annular cement paste as a channel for the leakage of crude oil. The scaled 3D oil adsorption physical simulation was employed to examine the effectiveness of cement paste with high-adsorbability additives. It can reduce the migration of oil, and the pollution is limited in the annular space. The results show that permeability of cement paste is about 0.03×10-3 μm3. The thickened low-permeability surface cement paste ensures that spilled oil cannot enter the upper aquifer. These results had been validated on site test. The CBL/VDL test report revealed that acoustic amplitude value of the well is less than 10%. The retest results of CBL/VDL after thermal recovery production for a long time reveal that acoustic amplitude value almost remain unchanged and almost no oil exists in annular space. No spilled oil has been observed in observation wells located in the upper aquifer.
Through usage of physical adsorption and plugging, the volume of oil leakage into annular space is obviously reduced, almost all the spilled oil is absorbed by cement paste, and no spilled oil has been observed in the upper aquifer. This method completely solved the problem of crude oil polluting the upper water layer and extended the production life.
Managing Underwriters Survey of Oil and Gas Installations
Authors: Aladasani Ahmad , Okasha Qutaiba , Al Dushaishi Mohammed 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Leadership in the oil and gas industry can only be achieved with a lean management system that promptly, identifies operational liabilities, generates optimal action plans and seamlessly manages performance to achieve the desired targets. Major accidents in the oil and gas installation pose a significant risk and most operators opt to underwrite their assets to mitigate their financial exposure. This paper presents the Insurance Surveyor playbook on asset risk rating. Insurance Surveyors evaluate asset risks based on six categorizes. The risk rating categorizes are hierarchal and also represent various phases in the asset life cycle, that include inherent features, asset management, alarms/leak detection systems and firefighting equipment. The Insurance surveyor inductively and deductively assess risk development and the operator's risk management, this involves running down the Management System to ensure a systematic assessment of risk is conducted and then evaluating the Operator's response to performance, in particular, response to incidents. The Insurance surveyor also assess the Operator's conformance to its procedures and ultimately its own Policies. In essence slicing and dicing the management system to identify the level of conformance in par with the operating risks and exposure to loss.
A case study is described where the Operator risk rating was improved from "poor" in the aftermath of major incident to "above average" within a few years. The underlining importance of this paper is to exploit the Insurance Surveyor method to safeguard life, risks that endanger welfare and cause harm to the environment. The Insurance Surveyor methodology is tenacious and fierce against thermal, toxic and pressure effects and the management systems that either inhibit/suppress or facilitate/escalate their occurrence. The Insurance Surveyor playbook is what every line supervisor should follow to ensure the safety the plants and the hope is to achieve buy-in and commitment to promote and exploit lean risk management systems.
Managing Communicable Disease in a Mega Construction Project
Authors: Suliaman Muhammad Nasir , Haron Mahzan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Communicable diseases have always a public health concern, globally as well as locally. While we have made tremendous steps in diseases surveillance and sharing of information, there are still areas or situations where such knowledge and practices are faced with uncertainty. This uncertainty came to us in a form a multibillion dollar Project where 65000 workers (mainly foreigners) work, stay and play on a 6,000+ acres of land. Since there has never been a project of such a scale in the country where it is constructed in a district famously known for its oil palm plantations and beach scenery rather than multistory steel structure and hydrocarbon vapors, the basic infrastructure of the health facilities and services were assessed, and reassessed, planned and executed to ensure the balanced development did not jeopardize the health of the locals, as well as the workers. It was with these assessments, judgement calls as well as networking that the health plan for the Project and the system was put in place to tackle the biggest, and most important health concerns – that is the communicable diseases. Issues can be unexpected, like the cases of Malaria among the foreign workers who are supposedly screened before coming; to administrative when it comes to managing medical service providers who are not directly under the Project owners. All in all, managing the communicable diseases in such project requires a lot of collaboration, clear communication, robust procedure and good strong team to withstand the expected as well as the unexpected.
HSSE Elements in Social Risk Assessment: An Integrated Approach in Managing Social Risks
Authors: Abdullah Lizuryaty Azrina , Foo Siang Choon 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A key challenge for companies operating in the new global environment is social risk. The identification and mitigation of social risks enables the company to manage both the positive, and adverse actual or potential impacts created through its business activities, including through relationships with its partners. Social risks are often associated with issues of health, safety, security and environment (HSSE). Thus, the integration of HSSE elements is fundamental towards a comprehensive approach to managing social risks. This paper discusses the process of two internal assessment tools, the Social Risk Assessment (SRA) and Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) and how these have integrated HSSE elements. Both assessment tools have been used for projects to meet project financing requirements. The assessment allows social risks with elements of HSSE identified, thus mitigation can be introduced to reduce risk to the business. In carrying out both assessments, it is crucial to have a team with the necessary knowledge and skills that encompasses HSSE and Social Performance. This paper also highlights the efforts of the company in building internal talents to implement the assessments effectively through the establishment of the Social Performance technical skill group.
Offshore Fresh Water Deluge Test
Authors: Hong Joyceanne , Pannebakker Michiel , Bhaskaran Haridas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
As per NFPA standard, every offshore platform is required to test the deluge system 3-yearly. Use of seawater to test the deluge system introduces multiple issues with materials offshore due to direct impingement of seawater coupled with chloride ingestion in instruments and other electrical items. This was experienced[SP(L1] by more senior engineers and operators working on other platforms commissioning and hence KBB was tasked to test the deluge system using freshwater.
On the KBB platform, freshwater system was never designed to be used for the deluge, and retrofitting or modifying the platform proved to have major obstacles. KBB investigated use of a barge or standby vessel to conduct this test, but the standby vessel pipeline header did not have sufficient capacity for the required test. KBB then designed an external system using water tanks, rented firewater pump, flexible hoses and pre-fabricated spools for use of fresh water on the deluge system. KBB was not successful on inquiries sent on similar test being conducted on other offshore facilities in the region.
The deluge test work pack was developed with due consideration given towards safe execution of work. This paper will present the details of how this was achieved safely offshore, bringing in fundamental innovations to ensure value is safeguarded while ensuring the regulatory requirement is met[SP(L2] which is to test the deluge valve dry yearly or wet test the system 3-yearly. Some of the findings from the deluge test will also be presented.
Reliability of pleth variability index in predicting preload responsiveness of mechanically ventilated patients under various conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Tianyu , Xu Chao , Wang Min , Niu Zheng , Qi Dun yi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Goal-directed volume expansion is increasingly used for fluid management in mechanically ventilated patients. The Pleth Variability Index (PVI) has been shown to reliably predict preload responsiveness; however, a lot of research on PVI has been published recently, and update of the meta-analysis needs to be completed.
Methods: We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (updated to November 7, 2018) and the associated references. We also contacted relevant authors and researchers.
Results: Twenty-five studies with 975 patients were included in this meta-analysis. All patients were mechanically ventilated. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) to predict preload responsiveness in patients was 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79 - 0.85). The pooled sensitivity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.67-0.85) and the pooled specificity was 0.77 (95% CI 0.71-0.82). The results of subgroup of patients without undergoing surgery (AUC =0.86, Youden index =0.65) and the results of subgroup of patients in ICU (AUC =0.89, Youden index =0.67) were reliable.
Conclusion: The reliability of the PVI is limited, but the PVI can play an important role in bedside monitoring for mechanically ventilated patients who are not undergoing surgery. Patients who are expanded with colloid may be more suitable for PVI.
Less Is More? – a Feasibility Study of Fluid Strategy in Critically Ill Children With Acute Respiratory Tract Infection
Authors: Ingelse Sarah Anne , Geukers Vincent G. , Dijsselhof Monique E. , Lemson Joris , Bem Reinout A. , Woensel Job B. van 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background:
Fluid overload is common in critically ill children and is associated with adverse outcome. Therefore, restricting fluid intake may be beneficial. This study aims to study the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing a conservative to a standard, more liberal, strategy of fluid management in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI).
Methods:
This is a feasibility study in a single, tertiary referral pediatic intensive care unit (PICU). Twenty-three children receiving mechanical ventilation for ARTI, without ongoing hemodynamic support, admitted to the PICU of the Emma Children’s Hospital/Amsterdam UMC between 2016-2018 were included. Patients were randomized to a conservative (<70% of normal intake) or standard (>85% of normal intake) fluid strategy, which was kept throughout the period of mechanical ventilation.
Results:
Primary endpoints were adherence to fluid strategy and safety parameters such as calorie and protein intake. Secondary outcomes were cumulative fluid intake (CFI) and cumulative fluid balance (CFB) on day 3. In the conservative group, in 75% of the mechanical ventilation days patients achieved their target fluid intake. Median [25th-75th percentiles] calorie intake over all mechanical ventilation days was 67.9 [51.5-74.0] kcal/kg/day in the conservative versus 67.2 [58.0-75.2] kcal/kg/day in the standard group (p=0.878). Protein intake was 1.6 [1.3-1.8] gr protein/kg in the conservative and 1.5 [1.2-1.7] gr protein/kg in the standard group (p=0.598). No adverse effects on hemodynamics or electrolyte imbalances were noted. Mean CFI on day 3 was 262.3 (sd±58.9) ml/kg in the conservative group vs. 360.5 (sd±52.6) ml/kg in the standard fluid group (p<0.001), which did not result in a lower CFB.
Conclusions:
A conservative fluid strategy in mechanically ventilated children with ARTI seems feasible, without limiting metabolic needs. However, in our study a conservative fluid strategy surprisingly did not reduce the degree of fluid overload. This study aids the design and sample size calculation of a future larger multicenter RCT, in which we need to redefine the target fluid strategy, possibly by even further fluid restriction and early initiation of active diuresis.