bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient phloem remobilization of Zn protects apple trees during the early stages of Zn deficiency
Authors: Xie Ruohan , Zhao Jianqi , Lu Lingli , Ge Jun , Brown Patrick H. , Wei Shuai , Wang Runze , Qiao Yabei , Webb Samuel M. , Tian Shengke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractApple trees are extensively cultivated worldwide but are often affected by zinc (Zn) deficiency. Limited knowledge regarding Zn remobilization within fruit crops has hampered the development of efficient strategies for providing adequate amounts of Zn. In the present study, Zn distribution and remobilization were compared among apple trees cultivated under different Zn conditions. Without Zn application, plants showed visible symptoms of Zn deficiency at the shoot tips after 1 year but appeared to grow normally during the first 6 months (early stage of Zn deficiency). Compared with apple plants under sufficient Zn treatment, plants suffering from early‐stage Zn deficiency showed preferential Zn distribution to young leaves and higher Zn levels in phloem, demonstrating that hidden Zn deficiency triggers a highly efficient remobilization of Zn in this species. The in vivo Zn‐nicotianamine complex in phloem tissues, combined with the significant enhanced expression of MdNAS3 and MdYSL6, suggested a positive role for nicotianamine in the phloem remobilization of Zn. These results strongly suggest that a proportion of Zn in the old leaves of apple trees can be efficiently remobilized by phloem transport to the shoot tips, partially in the form of Zn‐nicotianamine, thus protecting apple trees against the early stages of Zn deficiency.
Apple cider vinegar soaks [0.5%] as a treatment for atopic dermatitis do not improve skin barrier integrity
Authors: Luu Lydia A. , Flowers Richard H. , Kellams Ann L. , Zeichner Steven , Preston DeVon C. , Zlotoff Barrett J. , Wisniewski Julia A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition associated with high transepidermal water loss, high skin pH, and Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization. The treatment of AD with bath additives remains highly debated. Recent evidence suggests that dilute apple cider vinegar (ACV) may improve skin barrier integrity in AD, but its safety and efficacy are not well studied. This pilot split‐arm study analyzed the effect of dilute apple cider vinegar soaks on skin barrier integrity in patients with atopic dermatitis as measured by skin transepidermal water loss and skin pH.MethodsA total of 22 subjects (11 AD and 11 healthy controls) were enrolled. Subjects soaked both of their forearms for 14 days, with one arm in dilute ACV (0.5% acetic acid) and the other in water 10 minutes daily. Transepidermal water loss and pH were measured pre‐ and post‐treatment.ResultsIn both groups, transepidermal water loss increased and pH decreased at 0 minutes post‐ACV treatment, but these effects were not sustained at 60 minutes. In total, 72.7% (16/22) of subjects reported mild side effects from ACV with improvement after discontinuing the soaks.ConclusionsDilute ACV soaks have no significant effect on skin barrier integrity but caused skin irritation in a majority of subjects. Study limitations include analysis of a single brand, dilution, and application of ACV. Future studies are needed to explore whether lower concentrations of ACV soaks or other applications such as a leave‐on acidic ointment could improve skin barrier integrity in a safe, nonirritating way.
Sleep education in primary school prevents future school refusal behavior
Authors: Maeda Tsutomu , Oniki Kentaro , Miike Teruhisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSleep disorders, along with extreme difficulty in awakening, are one of the main causes of school refusal. The accumulation of chronic sleep deprivation accompanied by a late‐night lifestyle is considered the basic inciting factor.MethodsFrom 2007, we initiated a sleep education program (Min‐Iku) in Fukui, Japan, with the aim of improving pupil lifestyle and preventing future school refusal. All grade 1‐6 Miyake‐primary school (M‐PS) pupils participated in this program and gave their informed consent. The Min‐Iku included (i) implementation of a “daily life rhythm survey” by recording the sleep–wake rhythm in a table for 14 days; (ii) evaluation of the sleep table according to the classifications A–D; (iii) interviews of stage D children and their guardians; (iv) lectures on the importance of daily life rhythms for parents and teachers; and (v) 45 min classwork for all participating pupils.ResultsIn 2007, 10% of M‐PS graduates developed school refusal behavior after entering Kaminaka junior high school (K‐JHS). The incidence of school refusal, however, decreased each year after the implementation of the Min‐Iku program and finally reached 0 by 2012. The sleep onset time of pupils improved each year, with the most common sleep time reaching 9:30 p.m. on both weekdays and holidays. With an earlier sleep time, the night‐time sleep duration was significantly extended (P < 0.001 vs 2007 data).ConclusionThe Min‐Iku program for primary school pupils successfully achieved a more routine night‐time sleep pattern and a regular life rhythm, which prevented school refusal during the subsequent JHS years.
Trypanosoma brucei brucei causes a rapid and persistent influx of neutrophils in the spleen of infected mice
Authors: Deleeuw Violette , Phạm Hien Thi Thu , De Poorter Isabel , Janssens Ibo , De Trez Carl , Radwanska Magdalena , Magez Stefan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTrypanosomosis is a chronic parasitic infection, affecting both humans and livestock. A common hallmark of experimental murine infections is the occurrence of inflammation and the associated remodelling of the spleen compartment. The latter involves the depletion of several lymphocyte populations, the induction of T‐cell‐mediated immune suppression, and the activation of monocyte/macrophage cell populations. Here, we show that in experimental T b brucei infections in mice, these changes are accompanied by the alteration of the spleen neutrophil compartment. Indeed, mature neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the spleen, and cell numbers remain elevated during the entire infection. Following the second peak of parasitemia, the neutrophil cell influx coincides with the rapid reduction of splenic marginal zone (MZ)B and follicular (Fo)B cells, as well as CD8+ T and NK1.1+ cells, the latter encompassing both natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells. This report is the first to show a comprehensive overview of all alterations in spleen cell populations, measured with short intervals throughout the entire course of an experimental T b brucei infection. These data provide new insights into the dynamic interlinked changes in spleen cell numbers associated with trypanosomosis‐associated immunopathology.
Long‐term treatment with nintedanib in Asian patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results from INPULSIS®‐ON
Authors: Song Jin Woo , Ogura Takashi , Inoue Yoshikazu , Xu Zuojun , Quaresma Manuel , Stowasser Susanne , Stansen Wibke , Crestani Bruno 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were investigated in the placebo‐controlled INPULSIS® trials. All patients who completed an INPULSIS® trial could receive open‐label nintedanib in the extension trial INPULSIS®‐ON.MethodsWe assessed the long‐term efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients of Asian race who were treated in INPULSIS®‐ON. Analyses were descriptive.ResultsA total of 215 Asian patients were treated in INPULSIS®‐ON, of whom 121 continued nintedanib in INPULSIS®‐ON and 94 initiated nintedanib in INPULSIS®‐ON having received placebo in an INPULSIS® trial. At baseline of INPULSIS®‐ON, the mean (SD) age of Asian patients was 66.3 (7.5) years, 80.5% were males and mean (SD) forced vital capacity (FVC) was 78.9 (19.3) % predicted. Median total exposure to nintedanib in both INPULSIS® and INPULSIS®‐ON was 42.2 months; maximum exposure was 64.1 months. In INPULSIS®, the annual rate (SE) of decline in FVC over 52 weeks in Asian patients was −124 (20) mL/year in the nintedanib group and −218 (24) mL/year in the placebo group. In INPULSIS®‐ON, the annual rate (SE) of decline in FVC over 192 weeks in Asian patients was −127 (11) mL/year. Diarrhoea was reported in Asian patients at event rates of 58.8 and 82.5 events per 100 patient exposure–years in patients who continued and initiated nintedanib in INPULSIS®‐ON, respectively.ConclusionThe effect of nintedanib on slowing disease progression in Asian patients with IPF is sustained over the long term. Long‐term treatment with nintedanib has an acceptable safety and tolerability profile.
The socializing role of logical consequences, mild punishments, and reasoning in rule‐breaking contexts involving multifaceted issues
Authors: Robichaud Jean‐Michel , Mageau Geneviève A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExperimental studies focusing on the socialization role of parental authority exertion in persistent rule‐breaking contexts involving non‐personal issues have recently shown the advantages of using logical consequences over alternative strategies (mild punishments, reasoning, and no‐authority). Using an experimental vignette approach and a sample of 214 adolescents (Mage = 15.28 years), the present study extended these findings by comparing the same parental interventions in a rule‐breaking setting involving a multifaceted issue. Specifically, and based on research anchored in social domain theory, we evaluated how adolescents' perceptions of the issue underlying the multifaceted transgression (personal vs. non‐personal) moderated the effects of authority exertion strategies on socialization indicators. When adolescents perceived the transgression as a non‐personal issue, past results were replicated and enhanced. Adolescents rated the logical consequence as at least as effective as the mild punishment to prevent future transgressions (i.e., more so than reasoning and no‐authority) and as the most acceptable strategy. Furthermore, contrary to the mild punishment, they did not perceive the logical consequence as more autonomy‐thwarting than reasoning. In contrast, adolescents who categorized the transgression as a personal matter rated the logical consequence less favorably, leaving reasoning as a preferred form of intervention. Implications for optimal parenting are discussed.
High‐temperature gold‐copper extraction with chloride flux in lava tubes of Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka)
Authors: Kamenetsky Vadim S. , Belousov Alexander , Sharygin Victor V. , Zhitova Liudmila M. , Ehrig Kathy , Zelenski Michael E. , Chaplygin Ilya , Yudovskaya Marina A. , Nesterenko Pavel N. , Zakharov Sergey M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSubvolcanic environments in supra‐subduction zones are renowned for hosting epithermal deposits that often contain electrum and native gold, including bonanza examples. This study examined mineral assemblages and processes occurring in shallow‐crust volcanic settings using recent eruption (2012–2013) of the basaltic Tolbachik volcano in the Kamchatka arc. The Tolbachik eruptive system is characterized by an extensive system of lava tubes. After cessation of magma input, the tubes maintained the flow of hot oxidized gases that episodically interacted with the lava surfaces and sulphate‐chloride precipitates from volcanic gases on these surfaces. The gas‐rock interaction had strong pyrometamorphic effects that resulted in the formation of molten salt, oxidized (tenorite, hematite, Cu‐rich magnesioferrite) and skarn‐like silicate mineral assemblages. By analogy with experimental studies, we propose that a combination of these processes was responsible for extraction of metals from the basaltic wall rocks and deposition of Cu‐, Fe‐ and Cu‐Fe‐oxides and native gold.
Cost‐effectiveness of antifungal prophylaxis, preemptive therapy, or empiric treatment following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Walker Brandon S. , Schmidt Robert L. , Tantravahi Srinivas , Kim Kibum , Hanson Kimberly E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundInvasive fungal infection (IFI) is a life‐threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that is also associated with excess healthcare costs. Current approaches include universal antifungal prophylaxis, preemptive therapy based on biomarker surveillance, and empiric treatment initiated in response to clinical signs/symptoms. However, no study has directly compared the cost‐effectiveness of these treatment strategies for an allogeneic HSCT patient population.MethodsWe developed a state transition model to study the impact of treatment strategies on outcomes associated with IFIs in the first 100 days following myeloablative allogeneic HSCT. We compared three treatment strategies: empiric voriconazole, preemptive voriconazole (200 mg), or prophylactic posaconazole (300 mg) for the management of IFIs. Preemptive treatment was guided by scheduled laboratory surveillance with galactomannan (GM) testing. Endpoints were cost and survival at 100 days post‐HSCT.ResultsEmpiric treatment was the least costly ($147 482) and was equally effective (85.2% survival at 100 days) as the preemptive treatment strategies. Preemptive treatments were slightly more costly than empiric treatment (GM cutoff ≥ 1.0 $147 910 and GM cutoff ≥ 0.5 $148 108). Preemptive therapy with GM cutoff ≥ 1.0 reduced anti‐mold therapy by 5% when compared to empiric therapy. Posaconazole prophylaxis was the most effective (86.6% survival at 100 days) and costly ($152 240) treatment strategy with a cost of $352 415 per life saved when compared to empiric therapy.ConclusionsOne preemptive treatment strategy reduced overall anti‐mold drug exposure but did not reduce overall costs. Prevention of IFI using posaconazole prophylaxis was the most effective treatment strategy and may be cost‐effective, depending upon the willingness to pay per life saved.
The MPK8‐TCP14 pathway promotes seed germination in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cochet Françoise , Ponnaiah Maharajah , Lebreton Sandrine , Matheron Lucrèce , Pionneau Cédric , Boudsocq Marie , Resentini Francesca , Huguet Stéphanie , Blázquez Miguel Á. , Bailly Christophe , Puyaubert Juliette , Baudouin Emmanuel 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe accurate control of dormancy release and germination is critical for successful plantlet establishment. Investigations in cereals hypothesized a crucial role for specific MAP kinase (MPK) pathways in promoting dormancy release, although the identity of the MPK involved and the downstream events remain unclear. In this work, we characterized mutants for Arabidopsis thaliana MAP kinase 8 (MPK8). Mpk8 seeds presented a deeper dormancy than wild‐type (WT) at harvest that was less efficiently alleviated by after‐ripening and gibberellic acid treatment. We identified Teosinte Branched1/Cycloidea/Proliferating cell factor 14 (TCP14), a transcription factor regulating germination, as a partner of MPK8. Mpk8 tcp14 double‐mutant seeds presented a deeper dormancy at harvest than WT and mpk8, but similar to that of tcp14 seeds. MPK8 interacted with TCP14 in the nucleus in vivo and phosphorylated TCP14 in vitro. Furthermore, MPK8 enhanced TCP14 transcriptional activity when co‐expressed in tobacco leaves. Nevertheless, the stimulation of TCP14 transcriptional activity by MPK8 could occur independently of TCP14 phosphorylation. The comparison of WT, mpk8 and tcp14 transcriptomes evidenced that whereas no effect was observed in dry seeds, mpk8 and tcp14 mutants presented dramatic transcriptomic alterations after imbibition with a sustained expression of genes related to seed maturation. Moreover, both mutants exhibited repression of genes involved in cell wall remodeling and cell cycle G1/S transition. As a whole, this study unraveled a role for MPK8 in promoting seed germination, and suggested that its interaction with TCP14 was critical for regulating key processes required for germination completion.
Clinical and histopathological presentation and successful treatment with ciclosporin for canine sarcoidosis: a case report
Authors: Iyori Keita , Kinoshita Makoto , Imai Akihiro , Imanishi Ichiro , Shirota Kinji 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease histologically characterized by naked granulomas in various mammals. Canine sarcoidosis is a rare disease which can cause nonpruritic papule, plaques and nodules on the trunk, neck, face and ear; it is usually treated with corticosteroids. To date, there are no published reports on alternatives to corticosteroids treatment.ObjectivesTo report a case of canine cutaneous sarcoidosis successfully treated with oral ciclosporin.AnimalAn 11‐year‐old beagle dog was presented with multiple pleomorphic plaques on the lateral thighs and dorsal trunk.Methods and materialsSkin punch biopsy specimen were collected and analysed via routine histological examination and immunohistochemistry. After 14 weeks of oral ciclosporin treatment, repeat skin biopsy specimens were collected.ResultsHistopathological examination revealed noncaseating epithelioid cell granuloma formation in the dermis. Dermal epithelioid cells were positive for CD18 and Iba1, but not for CD3, CD20 and E‐cadherin based on immunohistochemistry findings. Acid‐fast bacteria, fungi and Leishmania spp. were not detected by special stains, culture or polymerase chain reaction. An initial two week treatment with immunosuppressive doses of oral prednisolone and doxycycline was not effective. Skin lesions were almost in remission after 14 weeks of oral ciclosporin treatment without adverse events. Histologically, the dermal granulomatous lesions regressed and were replaced by fibrous tissues after ciclosporin treatment.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis case report describes the clinical and histopathological presentation including immunohistochemistry and treatment outcome of a case of canine sarcoidosis Ciclosporin may be an effective alternative to corticosteroids for treating canine sarcoidosis.
Molecular and morphological differentiation among Torrent Duck (Merganetta armata) populations in the Andes
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Pinto Natalia , McCracken Kevin G. , Tubaro Pablo , Kopuchian Cecilia , Astie Andrea , Cadena Carlos Daniel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBirds living in riverine environments may show weak population structure because high dispersal abilities required to track habitat dynamics can result in gene flow over broad spatial scales. Alternatively, the configuration of river networks may result in restricted dispersal within river courses or basins, leading to high genetic structure. Although several bird species are riverine specialists in the Andes, no study has extensively evaluated the population genetic structure of any of them. We examined evidence from genetic and morphological data to address questions about the biogeography and taxonomy of the Torrent Duck (Merganetta armata), a riverine specialist bird with a broad distribution in Andean riverine habitats which certainly comprises different subspecies and may comprise more than one species. We found deep subdivisions of Torrent Duck populations from the northern, central and southern portions of the Andes. These lineages, which partly coincide with subspecies described based on plumage variation and body size, do not share mtDNA haplotypes, have private nuclear alleles and exhibit marked differences in morphometric traits. Some geographic barriers presumably restricting gene flow between groups partially coincide with those associated with major genetic breaks in forest species with similar distributions along the Andes, suggesting that bird assemblages including species occupying different habitats were likely affected by common biogeographical events. The three groups of Torrent Ducks may be considered different species under some species definitions and are distinct evolutionary lineages to be conserved and managed separately.
Inflammation as a mediator of arterial ageing
Authors: Trott Daniel W. , Fadel Paul J. 
Published: July 2019

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This review summarizes and synthesizes what is known about the contribution of inflammation to age‐related arterial dysfunction.

What advances does it highlight?
This review details observational evidence for the relationship of age‐related inflammation and arterial dysfunction, insight from autoimmune inflammatory diseases and their effects on arterial function, interventional evidence linking inflammation and age‐related arterial dysfunction, insight into age‐related arterial inflammation from preclinical models and interventions to ameliorate age‐related inflammation and arterial dysfunction.

AbstractAdvanced age is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Two major components of arterial ageing are stiffening of the large arteries and impaired endothelium‐dependent dilatation in multiple vascular beds. These two alterations are major contributors to the development of overt cardiovascular disease. Increasing inflammation with advanced age is likely to play a role in this arterial dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to synthesize what is known about inflammation and its relationship to age‐related arterial dysfunction. This review discusses both the initial observational evidence for the relationship of age‐related inflammation and arterial dysfunction and the evidence that inflammatory autoimmune diseases are associated with a premature arterial ageing phenotype. We next discuss interventional and mechanistic evidence linking inflammation and age‐related arterial dysfunction in older adults. We also attempt to summarize the relevant evidence from preclinical models. Lastly, we discuss interventions in both humans and animals that have been shown to ameliorate age‐related arterial inflammation and dysfunction. The available evidence provides a strong basis for the role of inflammation in both large artery stiffening and impairment of endothelium‐dependent dilatation; however, the specific inflammatory mediators, the initiating factors and the relative importance of the endothelium, smooth muscle cells, perivascular adipose tissue and immune cells in arterial inflammation are not well understood. With the expansion of the ageing population, ameliorating age‐related arterial inflammation represents an important potential strategy for preserving vascular health in the elderly.
Modeling of Static Stiffness for Linear Motion Roller Guide
Authors: Jiang Shuyun , Wang Yao , Wang Yiming 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the modeling method of static stiffness for the linear motion roller guide (LMRG) with five degrees-of-freedom (5DOF). The model of static stiffness for the LMRG with 5DOF was established using the slicing method, the guide deformation compatible equation, and the force equilibrium equation of the guide. The static stiffness of the LMRG was analyzed systematically via a case study, and the simulating results were verified by the experimental data. The results show that the proposed model can be used to calculate the complete static stiffness for the LMRG with 5DOF.