bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a surgeon‐patient communication checklist for total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Gautreau Sylvia , Gould Odette N. , Aquino‐Russell Catherine , Forsythe Michael E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a well‐established surgical procedure with high rates of clinical success, yet up to 20% of patients are dissatisfied with their outcomes. Surgeon–patient communication is an important contributor to patient satisfaction, particularly in the area of setting or resetting postoperative expectations that are reasonable and achievable for individual patients.ObjectiveThe goal of the present research was to develop a communication checklist for surgeons to use with their patients, to enhance communication in order better to manage postoperative expectations and increase patient satisfaction with TKA.MethodsContent analysis was used to identify a preliminary list of checklist items from audio‐recorded interviews of eight patients who were between 6 weeks and 6 months of their recovery from TKA. Patients identified eight issues for which more information was desired. The proportion of mentions for each topic was calculated, and chi‐square tests assessed the distribution and pattern of the categories mentioned across groups of patients.ResultsCertain topics were used significantly more often than others. Age and employment status, but not gender, affected which topics were mentioned more often. The final categories for the checklist included pain management, physiotherapy, medication and general outcome information.ConclusionAn in‐depth analysis of patient experiences of recovering from TKA was the foundation of this research. The result was a checklist that creates a potential new avenue for increasing patient satisfaction by improving surgeon–patient communication. The research described here could extend to any other type of intervention in which understanding patient expectations and increasing patient satisfaction is the goal.
Weight Recidivism After Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: An 11‐Year Experience in a Multiethnic Medical Center
Authors: Thomas Dylan D. , Anderson Wendy A. , Apovian Caroline M. , Hess Donald T. , Yu Liqun , Velazquez Amanda , Carmine Brian , Istfan Nawfal W. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveWeight recidivism following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is common and is associated with recurrence of comorbidities. Studies with long‐term follow‐up of recidivism quantified by weight regain (WR) are lacking. A retrospective review of all RYGB at our center from 2004 to 2015 was performed to examine the effects of race and type 2 diabetes on WR following RYGB.MethodsMultivariable linear mixed models were used for the effects of time and race on weight, WR relative to nadir weight (WR/nadir), and WR relative to maximal weight loss, and Cox regressions were used for low, moderate, and high WR/nadir.ResultsA total of 1,395 participants were identified. The sample was limited to African American (AA), Caucasian American (CA), and Hispanic American (HA) participants. The effects of time (P < 0.0001), race (P < 0.0001), and race × time interaction (P = 0.0008) on weight trajectory were significant. AA had significantly more WR than CA (P < 0.01). AA and HA had a higher hazard ratio for having low, moderate, and rapid WR/nadir.ConclusionsRacial disparities after RYGB include WR and particularly affect AA. Understanding the etiologic factors that contribute to these disparities is important to optimize the long‐term clinical outcomes of bariatric surgery.
Polypropylene/carbon nanotube magnetic composites obtained using carbon nanotubes from sawdust
Authors: Nisar Muhammad , Sebag Bernd Maria da Graça , Pinto da Silva Filho Luiz Carlos , Geshev Julian , Barrera Galland Griselda 
Published: November 2018

Magnetic polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites with different loadings (from 0.5 to 20 wt %) of carbon nanotubes with iron (CNT‐Fe) were fabricated using the melt‐mixing method. The carbon nanotubes were synthesized by pyrolysis of sawdust from the furniture industry. The morphological characterization shows homogenous dispersion of the filler in the polymer matrix. The addition of only 0.5 wt % CNT‐Fe already results in ferromagnetic behavior in the diamagnetic polymer matrix. The thermal properties were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show an increase in the maximum degradation, crystallization, and melting temperatures of the nanocomposites compared with neat PP. The nanocomposites showed improvement in terms of mechanical and oxygen permeability properties. A very significant result of the work is the high remnant magnetization and coercivity values of the nanocomposites at room temperature whereas most of the works on similar systems show magnetic properties only at very low temperatures.
Prenatal diagnosis and clinical implications of an apparently isolated right aortic arch
Authors: Vigneswaran Trisha V. , Allan Lindsey , Charakida Marietta , Durward Andrew , Simpson John M. , Nicolaides Kypros H. , Zidere Vita 
Published: November 2018

What is already known about the topic?

Right aortic arch (RAA) has an association with extracardiac and chromosomal anomalies.
RAA with left arterial duct can form a vascular ring.
In children with RAA, there is poor correlation of symptoms and tracheal compression.
What does this study add?

The majority of prenatal cases of an isolated RAA in our cohort are identified during routine screening.
Microdeletion of chromosome 22q11 is the most common genetic association with an apparently isolated RAA, it is seen in a minimum of 7% of cases.
A chromosomal or genetic anomaly is found in half of fetuses with RAA and increased nuchal translucency thickness (NT) and in one‐fifth of those with normal NT.
“We’re getting somewhere”: Development and implementation of a framework for the analysis of productive science discourse
Authors: Grimes Paul , McDonald Scott , van Kampen Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSense‐making and argumentation are two common ways to frame student discourse. The former emphasizes the process of students coming to an understanding, the latter the logical and rhetorical structure of the product. When we investigated the discourse of two groups of preservice science teachers in an environment that fosters productive disciplinary engagement, we found that elements of both sense‐making and argumentation pervaded the discourse as the preservice teachers engaged in the scientific practice of developing an explanation of a complex phenomenon. We have developed a framework based on, but extending that of Toulmin that allowed us to capture the to‐and‐fro nature of the development of an explanation by using elements of argumentation and sense‐making as well as transactivity. Using the framework we were able to characterize almost all utterances of the 40‐min discourse of both groups. Both groups arrived at a similar point of conceptual convergence, even though the interactions that took place during the activity were of quite a different nature. We detail the affordances of our framework and contrast them with those of purely argumentation‐based frameworks.
Smallholder farmers as a backbone for the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Terlau Wiltrud , Hirsch Darya , Blanke Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper reviews the role of smallholder farmers with respect to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Their double function in the adoption of the SDGs and their socio‐economic limitations have made it difficult for them to fulfil the expectations as promoters of sustainable development. Our analysis showed that 13 SDGs and respective targets address these socio‐economic limitations. We identified that the satisfaction of basic human needs is a central issue for smallholder farmers. Other essential issues are (a) innovative education and training options for producers; (b) new organisational forms such as cooperatives and start‐ups along the value chain from production to logistics and marketing; (c) financial support; (d) access to farming information; (e) suitable, low‐cost, and simple technological solutions and innovations; and (f) an enabling institutional environment. We grouped these issues under the categories “social,” “environment,” “economic,” and “governance.” To assess the double function of smallholder famers, we proposed to apply the handprint approach. This approach focuses on positive sustainability performance and on the social dimension, after modification for food and agriculture. It can therefore illustrate the potential of smallholder farmers as a backbone for sustainable development.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of neodymium niobate and tantalate precursors and thin films
Authors: Brunckova Helena , Kolev Hristo , Kanuchova Maria 
Published: November 2018

Neodymium niobate NdNbO4 (NNO) and tantalate NdTaO4 (NTO) thin films (~100 nm) were prepared by sol‐gel/spin‐coating process on Al2O3 substrate with LaNbO4/PbZrO3 interlayer and annealing at 1000°C. Surface chemistry was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The core‐level XPS studies of sol‐gel NNO and NTO were performed for the first time. The binding energy differences Δ(O―Nb) and Δ(O―Ta) were used to characterize average energies of Nb―O bonding in NNO (322.9 eV) and Ta―O bonding in NTO (504.2 eV). The XPS demonstrated single valence state of Nd (Nd3+) in precursors. Nd concentration (at. %) decreases from 22% in precursors to 7% in films considering the substrate contains C, Al, Si, Pb, and Zr elements (37%) at Nb or Ta (5%) and O (51%). The X‐ray diffraction analyses verified formation of the monoclinic (M‐NdNbO4 or M′‐NdTaO4), orthorhombic (O‐NdNbO4) and tetragonal (T‐NdTaO4) phases in precursors and films. Single valence state of Nd3+ was confirmed in these films designed for the application in environmental electrolytic thin film devices.
An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of New Non‐Symmetrical Naphthalenediimides
Authors: Alatorre‐Barajas José A. , Ramírez‐Zatarain Sandy D. , Ochoa‐Terán Adrián , Cordova Jesus , Reynoso‐Soto Edgar A. , Chávez Daniel , Miranda‐Soto Valentín , Labastida‐Galván Victoria , Ordoñez Mario 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHerein we report an efficient synthesis of a series of non‐symmetrical naphthalenediimides (NDIs) bearing different neutral, electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups in the imide moieties. The success of this method is based in the regioselective synthesis and isolation of pure carbamoyl naphthoic anhydride acid intermediates (CNA) in good yields (54 to 99%) and high purity, from the reaction of naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride acid (NDA) with one equivalent of different primary amines and THF as solvent. The CNA intermediates were refluxed in toluene and gave the naphthalenemonoimides (NMI) in 55 to 89% yields and high purity. The N‐benzyl NMI was used as starting material in the synthesis of non‐symmetrical NDIs (1 a‐m) in 27 to 80% yield with several amines bearing different substituted benzylic groups. In addition, this methodology was extended to obtain other new NDIs (1 n‐r) in good yields (67‐90%) and purity.
Synthesis of Mesoporous Fe2SiO4/C Nanocomposites and Evaluation of Their Performance as Materials for Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Zhang Qingtang , Meng Yan , Yan Chao , Zhang Lina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe first kind of mesoporous Fe2SiO4/C nanocomposites (MFS‐1) were synthesized from the nano‐SiO2 with a surface area of 137 m2⋅g−1 and the second kind of mesoporous Fe2SiO4/C nanocomposites (MFS‐2) were prepared from the nano‐SiO2 with a surface of 325 m2⋅g−1. XRD results indicate that α‐Fe2SiO4 crystal phase appear in the two samples. SEM proves that the particle size of MFS‐2 (30‐40 nm) is smaller than that of MFS‐1 (40‐60 nm). TEM further proves Fe2SiO4 nanoparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the carbon networking of MFS‐2. Pore structure analysis reveals that the specific surface area of MFS‐2 (136 m2⋅g−1) is evidently larger than that of MFS‐1 (116 m2⋅g−1), revealing the pore properties of mesoporous Fe2SiO4/C nanocomposites can be well controlled by using silica with different surface area. The above characters make MFS‐2 exhibit a high initial reversible capacity of 667 mAh⋅g−1 at 0.1 C, excellent rate capability (282 mAh⋅g−1 at 10 C) and improved cycling stability (606 mAh⋅g−1 at 1 C after 100 cycles).
KIT‐6 Three Dimensional Template Derived Mesoporous Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Effect of Template Removal on Catalytic Activity
Authors: Duraisamy Velu , Palanivel Soundarrajan , Thangamuthu Rangasamy , Kumar Sakkarapalayam Murugesan Senthil 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNon precious highly ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) is of indomitable and perennial catalyst in fuel cells owing to their unique traits and abundant sources. The OMC has been synthesized using KIT‐6 sacrificial template and then this removed by three different etching agents, viz, hydrofluoric acid (HF), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The principle aim of the present work is that to inspect the etched OMCs for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. In order to understand the effect of etching, we have first studied their fundamental properties. Among three, the HF etched OMC possess comparative surface area (234 m2 g‐1), mesoporous sizes (6 nm), large pore volumes (0.13 cm3 g‐1) and more accessible defective active sites (ID/IG = 0.90). Hence, the HF etched OMC replica manifest better ORR activity than others in terms of having (0.83 V) onset and (0.71 V) half wave potential, and (2.6 mA/cm2 at 0.2 V) current density in potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte. From the Nyquist plot, a small semicircle (Rct = 13 Ω cm‐2) of HF etched OMC substantiates its better ORR activity. A comparative study on etching of OMC using different etching agents could guide to find out a suitable etching agent for modifying the surface properties of OMC.
Fabrication of Ternary Structure Photocatalyst CdS/CQD@mpg‐C3N4 with Enhanced Photocatytic Performance Based on Synergistic Effect
Authors: Zhao Qian , Yang Cheng , Zhao Haibo , Gao Guofang , Jiang Tingshun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTernary heterostructure composites are promising photocatalysts for degrading organic pollutants in water. In this study, a series of mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg‐C3N4) decorated with different amounts of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdSQDs) were synthesized with a few simple and feasible steps. Under visible‐light irradiation, the optimal catalyst resulted in a more than 6.16 times faster reaction rate for methyl orange (MO) photodecomposition than pure mpg‐C3N4 and 3.1 times faster than pure cadmium sulfide. The carbon dots and cadmium sulfide quantum dots could be observed on the layers of carbon nitride pore walls through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The physicochemical properties of selected samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), UV‐vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), the photoluminescence (PL) and the photocurrent (PC). Probable mechanism of enhanced visible‐light photocatalytic activity was investigated. The properties of combined ternary composites, such as high specific surface area of mpg‐C3N4, good visible‐light harvest ability of CdSQDs and excellent electron storage capacity of CQDs, cooperatively contributed to the final enhancement.
Melatonin reduces lung cancer stemness through inhibiting of PLC, ERK, p38, β‐catenin, and Twist pathways
Authors: Yang Yi‐Chen , Chiou Pei‐Chen , Chen Po‐Chun , Liu Po‐Yi , Huang Wei‐Chien , Chao Chia‐Chia , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLung cancer is one of the most common cancer in cancer‐related deaths worldwide, which is characterized by its strong metastatic potential. The melatonin hormone secreted by the pineal grand has an antioxidant effect and protects cells against carcinogenic substances. However, the effects of melatonin in lung cancer stemness are largely unknown. We found that melatonin reduces CD133 expression by ~50% in lung cancer cell lines, while results of a sphere formation assay showed that melatonin inhibits lung cancer stemness. These effects of melatonin were reversed when the cell lines were incubated with phospholipase C (PLC), ERK/p38, and a β‐catenin activator. Transfection with Twist siRNA augmented the inhibitory effects of melatonin, indicating that melatonin suppresses lung cancer stemness by inhibiting the PLC, ERK/p38, β‐catenin, and Twist signaling pathways. We also found CD133 expression is positively correlated with Twist expression in lung cancer specimens. Melatonin shows promise in the treatment of lung cancer stemness and deserves further study.
Non-Abelian anomalous (super)fluids in thermal equilibrium from differential geometry
Authors: Mañes Juan L. , Megías Eugenio , Valle Manuel , Vázquez-Mozo Miguel Á. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe apply differential geometry methods to the computation of the anomaly-induced hydrodynamic equilibrium partition function. Implementing the imaginary-time prescription on the Chern-Simons effective action on a stationary background, we obtain general closed expressions for both the invariant and anomalous part of the partition function. This is applied to the Wess-Zumino-Witten action for Goldstone modes, giving the equilibrium partition function of superfluids. In all cases, we also study the anomaly-induced gauge currents and energy-momentum tensor, providing explicit expressions for them.
Epic failure: Lessons learned from interprofessional faculty development
Authors: Doll Joy , Maio Anna , Potthoff Meghan 
Published: November 2018

Interprofessional education (IPE) is now recognized as an important initiative to prepare the next generation of health providers. Although IPE has been embraced by many institutions, faculty development still remains an issue. In this manuscript, the authors share their story of one attempt to educate a variety of health science faculty on IPE in what was perceived as an approachable venue. The story of its epic failure and lessons learned will be shared to help others avoid similar pitfalls.
Apolipoprotein E particle size is increased in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Nelson Thomas J. , Sen Abhik 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionApolipoprotein E4 (apoE4) is the predominant risk factor for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the question of which structural differences might explain its effect remains unclear.MethodsWe compared high‐density lipoprotein–like apoE particles from 12 AD and 10 control patients using size‐exclusion chromatography.ResultsApoE particles from patients genotyped as ε4/ε4 were 2.2 ± 0.3 times as massive as particles from ε3/ε3 control subjects and 1.4 ± 0.1 times as massive as particles from ε3/ε3 AD patients. The increased particle size was not because of incorporation of amyloid β or apoE proteolysis products. Particles from AD patients genotyped as ε3/ε3 were 1.59 ± 0.27 times as massive as ε3/ε3 control subjects.DiscussionIncreased particle size in AD is affected by APOE genotype and by disease‐related differences in assembly or stability. These differences suggest that lipoprotein assembly or stability in AD brain plays an important role in determining apoE4 pathogenicity.
The Political Origins of Professional Identity: Lawyers, Judges, and Prosecutors in Taiwan’s State Transformation
Authors: HSU Ching-fang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhere does the legal profession’s identity originate from? How do we explain the intra-professional variations, as multiple legal professions diverge in their political orientations? This paper argues that the legal profession critically develops their core identity resisting incumbent rulewhenthe state undergoes fundamental power reconfiguration. It is their political position as opposed to power in a critical juncture of state transformation that determines the legal profession’s collective ideal of who they are and what actions they take. Drawing on 133 interviews with Taiwanese judges, lawyers, and prosecutors, extensive fieldwork, and archival data up to the 1990s, this paper demonstrates how democratization shapes professional identity. As respective professions experienced different levels and models of authoritarian containment, they took separate trajectories to challenge the Kuomintang’s party-state and pledge to different normative commitments. Taiwanese judges categorically defend judicial independence, lawyers advocate for people’s rights, and prosecutors marshal under justice to check abuse of power.
The Process of Patient Engagement in Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Model-Centric Systematic Review
Authors: Jahandideh Sepideh , Kendall Elizabeth , Low-Choy Samantha , Donald Kenneth , Jayasinghe Rohan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to compile existing evidence about the proposed relationships among variables at three stages of the model of therapeutic engagement (MTE): patient intention to engage in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), CR initiation, and sustained engagement. This model has not been tested in any rehabilitation setting. Therefore, this systematic literature review is key to future research and application of MTE to predict and enhance patient engagement in CR. Model-centric systematic literature reviews have been conducted for each stage of the MTE. A coherent approach to understanding and monitoring the process of patient engagement in CR is absent. Few relevant studies included in the model-centric reviews met the criteria: eight in stage 1, four in stage 2, and six in stage 3 of the MTE. In total, the tenets of the MTE were supported in patient intention to engage in CR. However, there was less evidence quantifying the proposed relationships among variables that impact on CR initiation and sustained engagement. There is a scarcity of research examining rehabilitation engagement in depth to better understand the complicated process contributing to behavioural outcomes. No decision-support models currently exist to alert patients and healthcare provider to the factors that influence non-engagement.