bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAXI J1820+070 with NuSTAR I. An increase in variability frequency but a stable reflection spectrum: coronal properties and implications for the inner disc in black hole binaries
Authors: Buisson D J K , Fabian A C , Barret D , Fürst F , Gandhi P , García J A , Kara E , Madsen K K , Miller J M , Parker M L , Shaw A W , Tomsick J A , Walton D J 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
MAXI J1820+070 (optical counterpart ASASSN-18ey) is a black hole candidate discovered through its recent very bright outburst. The low extinction column and long duration at high flux allow detailed measurements of the accretion process to be made. In this work, we compare the evolution of X-ray spectral and timing properties through the initial hard state of the outburst. We show that the inner accretion disc, as measured by relativistic reflection, remains steady throughout this period of the outburst. Nevertheless, subtle spectral variability is observed, which is well explained by a change in coronal geometry. However, characteristic features of the temporal variability – low-frequency roll-over and quasi-periodic oscillation frequency – increase drastically in frequency, as the outburst proceeds. This suggests that the variability time-scales are governed by coronal conditions rather than solely by the inner disc radius. We also find a strong correlation between X-ray luminosity and coronal temperature. This can be explained by electron pair production with a changing effective radius and a non-thermal electron fraction of $\sim 20$ per cent.
Polarized radiative transfer, rotation measure fluctuations, and large-scale magnetic fields
Authors: On Alvina Y L , Chan Jennifer Y H , Wu Kinwah , Saxton Curtis J , van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Faraday rotation measure (RM) at radio wavelengths is commonly used to diagnose large-scale magnetic fields. It is argued that the length-scales on which magnetic fields vary in large-scale diffuse astrophysical media can be inferred from correlations in the observed RM. RM is a variable which can be derived from the polarized radiative transfer equations in restrictive conditions. This paper assesses the usage of rotation measure fluctuation (RMF) analyses for magnetic field diagnostics in the framework of polarized radiative transfer. We use models of various magnetic field configurations and electron density distributions to show how density fluctuations could affect the correlation length of the magnetic fields inferred from the conventional RMF analyses. We caution against interpretations of RMF analyses when a characteristic density is ill defined, e.g. in cases of lognormal-distributed and fractal-like density structures. As the spatial correlations are generally not the same in the line-of-sight longitudinal direction and the sky plane direction, one also needs to clarify the context of RMF when inferring from observational data. In complex situations, a covariant polarized radiative transfer calculation is essential to capture all aspects of radiative and transport processes, which would otherwise ambiguate the interpretations of magnetism in galaxy clusters and larger scale cosmological structures.
Simulating galaxy formation in f(R) modified gravity: matter, halo, and galaxy statistics
Authors: Arnold Christian , Li Baojiu 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of the matter, halo, and galaxy clustering in f(R)-gravity employing the SHYBONE full-physics hydrodynamical simulation suite. Our analysis focuses on the interplay between baryonic feedback and f(R)-gravity in the matter power spectrum, the matter and halo correlation functions, the halo and galaxy–host–halo mass function, the subhalo and satellite–galaxy count, and the correlation function of the stars in our simulations. Our studies of the matter power spectrum in full-physics simulations in f(R)-gravity show that it will be very difficult to derive accurate fitting formulae for the power spectrum enhancement in f(R)-gravity which include baryonic effects. We find that the enhancement of the halo mass function due to f(R)-gravity and its suppression due to feedback effects do not show significant back-reaction effects and can thus be estimated from independent general relativity-hydro and f(R) dark matter only simulations. Our simulations furthermore show that the number of subhaloes and satellite-galaxies per halo is not significantly affected by f(R)-gravity. Low-mass haloes are nevertheless more likely to be populated by galaxies in f(R)-gravity. This suppresses the clustering of stars and the galaxy correlation function in the theory compared to standard cosmology.
Resonant absorption of kink oscillations in coronal flux tubes with continuous magnetic twist
Authors: Ebrahimi Zanyar , Bahari Karam 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
There are observational evidences for the existence of twisted magnetic field in the solar corona. Here, we have investigated resonant damping of the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) kink waves in magnetic flux tubes. A realistic model of the tube with continuous magnetic twist and radially inhomogeneous density profile has been considered. We have obtained the dispersion relation of the kink wave using the solution to the linear MHD equations outside the density inhomogeneity and the appropriate connection formula to the solutions across the thin transitional boundary layer. The dependence of the oscillation frequency and damping rate of the waves on the twist parameter and longitudinal wavenumber has been investigated. For the flux tube parameters considered in this paper, we obtain rapid damping of the kink waves comparable to the observations. In order to justify this rapid damping, depending on the sign of the azimuthal kink mode number, $m=+1$ or $-1$, the background magnetic field must have left- or right-handed twisted profile, respectively. For the model considered here, the resonant absorption occurs only when the twist parameter is in a range specified by the density contrast.
Late-outburst radio flaring in SS Cyg and evidence for a powerful kinetic output channel in cataclysmic variables
Authors: Fender Rob , Bright Joe , Mooley Kunal , Miller-Jones James 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Accreting white dwarfs in binary systems known as cataclysmic variables (CVs) have in recent years been shown to produce radio flares during outbursts, qualitatively similar to those observed from neutron star and black hole X-ray binaries, but their ubiquity and energetic significance for the accretion flow has remained uncertain. We present new radio observations of the CV SS Cyg with Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array, which show for the second time late-ouburst radio flaring, in 2016 April. This flaring occurs during the optical flux decay phase, about 10 d after the well-established early-time radio flaring. We infer that both the early- and late-outburst flares are a common feature of the radio outbursts of SS Cyg, albeit of variable amplitudes, and probably of all dwarf novae. We furthermore present new analysis of the physical conditions in the best-sampled late-outburst flare, from 2016 February, which showed clear optical depth evolution. From this we can infer that the synchrotron-emitting plasma was expanding at about 1 per cent of the speed of light, and at peak had a magnetic field of order 1 G and total energy content ≥1033 erg. While this result is independent of the geometry of the synchrotron-emitting region, the most likely origin is in a jet carrying away a significant amount of the available accretion power.
Histone deacetylase 3 controls a transcriptional network required for B cell maturation
Authors: Stengel Kristy R , Bhaskara Srividya , Wang Jing , Liu Qi , Ellis Jacob D , Sampathi Shilpa , Hiebert Scott W 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (Hdac3) is a target of the FDA approved HDAC inhibitors, which are used for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies. Here, we used Cd19-Cre to conditionally delete Hdac3 to define its role in germinal center B cells, which represent the cell of origin for many B cell malignancies. Cd19-Cre-Hdac3−/− mice showed impaired germinal center formation along with a defect in plasmablast production. Analysis of Hdac3−/− germinal centers revealed a reduction in dark zone centroblasts and accumulation of light zone centrocytes. RNA-seq revealed a significant correlation between genes up-regulated upon Hdac3 loss and those up-regulated in Foxo1-deleted germinal center B cells, even though Foxo1 typically activates transcription. Therefore, to determine whether gene expression changes observed in Hdac3−/− germinal centers were a result of direct effects of Hdac3 deacetylase activity, we used an HDAC3 selective inhibitor and examined nascent transcription in germinal center-derived cell lines. Transcriptional changes upon HDAC3 inhibition were enriched for light zone gene signatures as observed in germinal centers. Further comparison of PRO-seq data with ChIP-seq/exo data for BCL6, SMRT, FOXO1 and H3K27ac identified direct targets of HDAC3 function including CD86, CD83 and CXCR5 that are likely responsible for driving the light zone phenotype observed in vivo.
Automated machine learning based on radiomics features predicts H3 K27M mutation in midline gliomas of the brain
Authors: Su Xiaorui , Chen Ni , Sun Huaiqiang , Liu Yanhui , Yang Xibiao , Wang Weina , Zhang Simin , Tan Qiaoyue , Su Jingkai , Gong Qiyong , Yue Qiang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Conventional MRI cannot be used to identify H3 K27M mutation status. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of predicting H3 K27M mutation status by applying an automated machine learning (autoML) approach to the MR radiomics features of patients with midline gliomas.

Methods
This single-institution retrospective study included 100 patients with midline gliomas, including 40 patients with H3 K27M mutations and 60 wild-type patients. Radiomics features were extracted from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Prior to autoML analysis, the dataset was randomly stratified into separate 75% training and 25% testing cohorts. The Tree-based Pipeline Optimization Tool (TPOT) was applied to optimize the machine learning pipeline and select important radiomics features. We compared the performance of 10 independent TPOT-generated models based on training and testing cohorts using the area under the curve (AUC) and average precision to obtain the final model. An independent cohort of 22 patients was used to validate the best model.

Results
Ten prediction models were generated by TPOT, and the accuracy obtained with the best pipeline ranged from 0.788 to 0.867 for the training cohort and from 0.60 to 0.84 for the testing cohort. After comparison, the AUC value and average precision of the final model were 0.903 and 0.911 in the testing cohort, respectively. In the validation set, the AUC was 0.85, and the average precision was 0.855 for the best model.

Conclusions
The autoML classifier using radiomics features of conventional MR images provides high discriminatory accuracy in predicting the H3 K27M mutation status of midline glioma.
Text Message Support for Smoking Cessation During Ramadan: A Focus Group Study With Somali Immigrant Muslim Men
Authors: Pratt Rebekah , Ojo-Fati Olamide , Adam Asma , Sharif Hiba , Kahin Abdillahi , Mahamud Abdirahman , Dubois Diana , Mohamed Sharif , Okuyemi Kola , Graham Amanda L , Joseph Anne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionSomali Muslim male immigrants in Minnesota have a high prevalence of smoking, estimated at 44%, compared with the average smoking rate for adults in the United States (14%). However, the literature has reported spontaneous reductions of smoking during Ramadan. This study sought to gather the views of Somali Muslim men on how faith impacts their smoking, and determine what messaging to incorporate into a tailored text messages intervention that draws on the Muslim faith beliefs and practices during Ramadan to promote smoking cessation.MethodsThirty-seven Somali adult male smokers were recruited from community settings to participate in one of five focus groups in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. The research study team developed a semi-structured focus group guide that explored: (1) the experience of Muslim immigrants quitting smoking during Ramadan, (2) views on text messaging interventions to reduce smoking focusing on health and faith, and (3) views on the relationship between faith and smoking. A thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsParticipants reported reductions in smoking during Ramadan, which was mostly achieved without formal treatment (ie, willpower). There was interest in text messaging interventions that incorporated faith and health-related messages, and that would be delivered around the time of Ramadan. Participants described concerns about the adverse health effects of smoking, including the risk of chronic health issues, cancer, and death.ConclusionCombining faith and health-related text-based messaging, and tailoring interventions around and beyond Ramadan, maybe a valuable approach to help address smoking disparities in the Somali immigrant community.ImplicationsRamadan offers a unique window of opportunity to intervene upon smoking for Somali Muslim immigrant men, for whom rates of smoking are high. Combining faith and health-related text-based messaging, and tailoring interventions around and beyond Ramadan, maybe a valuable approach to help address these serious smoking disparities.
Computational Complexity Theory and the Philosophy of Mathematics†
Authors: Dean Walter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractComputational complexity theory is a subfield of computer science originating in computability theory and the study of algorithms for solving practical mathematical problems. Amongst its aims is classifying problems by their degree of difficulty — i.e., how hard they are to solve computationally. This paper highlights the significance of complexity theory relative to questions traditionally asked by philosophers of mathematics while also attempting to isolate some new ones — e.g., about the notion of feasibility in mathematics, the $\mathbf{P} \neq \mathbf{NP}$ problem and why it has proven hard to resolve, and the role of non-classical modes of computation and proof.
Pain-Related Activity Management Patterns as Predictors of Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome
Authors: Racine Mélanie , Sánchez-Rodríguez Elisabet , de la Vega Rocío , Galán Santiago , Solé Ester , Jensen Mark P , Miró Jordi , Moulin Dwight E , Nielson Warren R 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study sought to determine if pre- to post-treatment changes in pain-related activity patterns (i.e., overdoing, avoidance, and pacing) were associated with pre- to post-treatment changes in function (i.e., pain interference, psychological function, and physical function) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome who participated in either an operant learning– or an energy conservation–based training in activity management.MethodsSixty-nine patients with fibromyalgia syndrome participated in an activity management treatment (32 in an operant learning group and 37 in an energy conservation group). Outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-treatment, and patients provided demographic information and completed measures assessing pain intensity, pain interference, psychological function, physical function, and pain management activity patterns. Three linear hierarchical regression analyses predicting changes in pain outcomes from changes in pacing, overdoing, and avoidant activity patterns were performed.ResultsChanges in pain-related activity patterns made significant contributions to the prediction of changes in patients’ function. Specifically: (a) increases in overdoing predicted reductions in pain interference; (b) decreases in avoidance predicted improvements in psychological function; and (c) increases in pacing predicted improvements in physical function.ConclusionsThis study provides support for a role of activity management treatments in improved adjustment to chronic pain. Research is needed to replicate and extend these findings in order to build an empirical basis for developing more effective chronic pain treatments for facilitating improved physical and psychological function in individuals with chronic pain.
An Explorative Study of CYP2D6’s Polymorphism in a Sample of Chronic Pain Patients
Authors: Fanelli Andrea , Palazzo Chiara , Balzani Eleonora , Iuvaro Alessandra , Pelotti Susi , Melotti Rita Maria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundA proper antalgic treatment is based on the use of titrated drugs to provide adequate relief and a good tolerability profile. Therapies have a variable effectiveness among subjects depending on medical and genetic conditions. CYP2D6 variations determine a different clinical response to most analgesic drugs commonly used in daily clinical practice by influencing the drugs’ pharmacokinetics. This study was a monocentric clinical trial exploring the CYP2D6 variants in 100 patients with a diagnosis of chronic pain.MethodsDNA was extracted to evaluate the genotype and to classify patients as normal-fast (gNMs-F), normal-slow (gNMs-S), ultrarapid (gUMs), intermediate (gIMs), and poor metabolizers (gPMs) using the Activity Score (AS). Information on therapies and general side effects experienced by patients was collected. Nongenetic co-factors were evaluated to examine the discrepancy between metabolic profile predicted from genotype (gPh) and metabolic profile (phenocopying).ResultsThe distribution of our data underlined the prevalence of the gNMs-F (67%), whereas gNMs-S were 24%, gIMs 6%, gPMs 3%, and no gUMs were found, resulting in 33% of patients with reduced metabolic activity. In the analyzed population sample, 86% and 56% of patients, respectively, took at least one or two drugs inhibiting in vitro activity of the CYP2D6 enzyme.ConclusionsOver one-third of the enrolled patients showed altered CYP2D6 enzymatic metabolic activity, with a risk of phenocopying potentially due to polypharmacology.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03411759.
Martyrdom, Antinomianism, and the Prioritising of Christians – Towards a Political Theology of Refugee Resettlement
Authors: Zagor Matthew 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article considers the approaches taken in the United States (US) and Australia to prioritising the resettlement of Christians from Syria and Iraq. Focusing first upon respective models and the immediate political factors that lead to their adoption, it analyses in depth the specific role played by the evangelical constituency in the US, and their theologically-infused concern for the “persecuted church” in “enslaved” lands. Recognising this movement enjoys less influence in Australia, the article considers the ways in which Australia’s resettlement policies and political narratives have nonetheless increasingly participated in tropes familiar to classical antinomian political theology, not least that resettlement is tied to a redemptive generosity of the State that works to denigrate and undermine the legal obligations demanded by those who arrive irregularly by boat. The article also critiques the use of “vulnerability” as a touchstone principle for the fair allocation of scarce resettlement places, and its propensity to be used for cherry-picking purposes. Finally, as part of the argument that resettlement is susceptible to being used as a vehicle for those motivated by more explicit theological concerns, the article explores the leveraging for political, redemptive, and eschatological purposes of images and narratives of the “martyred” middle-eastern Christian.
I–1 Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) Treatment Results With Targeting Method Using Ultrasonography for Fresh Fractures Humerus and Femur
Authors: Motoyuki Takaki , Yukihiro Arai , Nobuyuki Takenaka , Narutaka Katoh , Tomohiko Asahara , Shota Harada , Tsukasa Teramoto , Takashi Matsushita 
Published: September 2019

Background:
We previously reported that bone union rate for LIPUS therapy of humerus and femur was inferior as compared with that of tibia and radius/ulna. One of the reasons of this discrepancy may be affected on the distance from skin to the fracture site. We hypothesized that the ideal site and direction for application of LIPUS could be determined by ultrasonogram.

Objective:
The aim of our study was to report outcomes of treatment for femoral and humerus fresh fracture with LIPUS by targeting method using ultrasonography to detect the fracture location and to determine the direction of LIPUS treatment.

Materials:
Thirteen fresh fractures of humerus (n = 2) or femur (n = 11) for which LIPUS treatment were performed at Southern TOHOKU General Hospital between April 2015 and June 2018. Seven bones were women, 6 bones were men. Average age was 61.7 years (19–92 years old). Two bones were treated conservative, 4 bones were fixed by intramedullary nailing and 7 bones were by plating.

Methods:
In all cases, the treatment site and direction were determined by targeting using ultrasonography and LIPUS treatment was performed.
Results: In all bone, radiographic bone union was obtained, and bone union rate was 100%. The average depth from skin to the fracture site was 38.0 mm (22.5–61.9 mm), and the average gap of the fracture site was 3.9 mm (0.6–7.7 mm). The average period of callus formation was 1.2 months and the average fusion period was 3.7 months (2.00–6.00 months).

Conclusion:
The targeting technique based on ultrasonographic examination can improve LIPUS treatment results of delayed union for humerus and femurs.
II–2 Improving Patient Compliance With Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) Treatment by Explanation With Document
Authors: Fukui Tomoaki , Oe Keisuke , Niikura Takahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: September 2019

Objective:
It is well known that low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has effect to promote fracture healing. In order to obtain sufficient therapeutic effect, patient compliance that patients themselves treat the fracture sites every day is important. We reported previously at this meeting that explanations to patients using documents are useful for improving compliance, and also reported in this meeting last year that compliance can be improved by documentation in the use of new model which showed the compliance rate (actual treatment days/LIPUS borrowed days) in the monitor. We increased the number of cases and examined the impact on compliance by using the new model and explaining with the document.

Materials and Methods:
The subjects were 81 patients who started LIPUS at our hospital from April 2016 to July 2018 and were observed for more than 3 months. The subjects consisted of 43 males and 38 females and the average age was 48.2 years (9–79 years) old. The implementation rate was studied in the group using the new model with explanatory documents (26 cases) and the group using the new model without document explanation (55 cases).

Results:
The compliance rate of the entire case was 84.0% (11.6%–100%) on average. 88.5% in the group that with explanatory document and 81.9% in the new model without document (P = 0.09).

Discussion:
Pounder et al reported that the compliance rate with using the new model was 83.8%, which was significantly higher than the previous model. The similar implementation rate was achieved in this study. Moreover, it was suggested that further compliance improvement can be expected by adding explanation with document.