bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical weathering and erosion responses to changing monsoon climate in the Late Miocene of Southwest Asia
Authors: Clift Peter D , Kulhanek Denise K , Zhou Peng , Bowen Melanie G , Vincent Sophie M , Lyle Mitchell , Hahn Annette 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe late Miocene is a time of strong environmental change in SW Asia. Himalayan foreland stable isotope data show a shift in the dominant vegetation of the flood plains away from trees and shrubs towards more C4 grasslands at a time when oceanic upwelling increased along the Oman margin. We present integrated geochemical and colour spectral records from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1456 in the eastern Arabian Sea to reconstruct changing chemical weathering and erosion, as well as relative humidity during this climatic transition. Increasing hematite/goethite ratios derived from spectral data are consistent with long-term drying after c. 7.7 Ma. Times of dry conditions are largely associated with weaker chemical alteration measured by K/Rb and reduced coarse clastic flux, constrained by Si/Al and Zr/Al. A temporary phase of increased humidity from 6.3 to 5.95 Ma shows a reversal to stronger weathering and erosion. Wetter conditions can result in both more and less alteration due to the nonlinear relationship between weathering rates, precipitation and sediment transport times. Trends in relative aridity do not follow existing palaeoceanographic records and are not apparently linked to changes in Tibetan or Himalayan elevation, but more closely correlate with global cooling. An apparent opposing trend in the humidity evolution in the Indus compared to southern China, as tracked by spectrally estimated hematite/goethite, likely reflects differences in the topography in the Indus compared to the Pearl River drainage basins, as well as the generally wetter climate in southern China.
Investigating patterns of neural response associated with childhood abuse v. childhood neglect
Authors: Puetz Vanessa Bianca , Viding Essi , Gerin Mattia Indi , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Sethi Arjun , Knodt Annchen R. , Radtke Spenser R. , Brigidi Bart D. , Hariri Ahmad R. , McCrory Eamon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildhood maltreatment is robustly associated with increased risk of poor mental health outcome and changes in brain function. The authors investigated whether childhood experience of abuse (e.g. physical, emotional and sexual abuse) and neglect (physical and emotional deprivation) was differentially associated with neural reactivity to threat.MethodsParticipants were drawn from an existing study and allocated to one of four groups based on self-report of childhood maltreatment experience: individuals with childhood abuse experiences (n = 70); individuals with childhood neglect experiences (n = 87); individuals with combined experience of childhood abuse and neglect (n = 50); and non-maltreated individuals (n = 207) propensity score matched (PSM) on gender, age, IQ, psychopathology and SES. Neural reactivity to facial cues signalling threat was compared across groups, allowing the differential effects associated with particular forms of maltreatment experience to be isolated.ResultsBrain imaging analyses indicated that while childhood abuse was associated with heightened localised threat reactivity in ventral amygdala, experiences of neglect were associated with heightened reactivity in a distributed cortical fronto-parietal network supporting complex social and cognitive processing as well as in the dorsal amygdala. Unexpectedly, combined experiences of abuse and neglect were associated with hypo-activation in several higher-order cortical regions as well as the amygdala.ConclusionsDifferent forms of childhood maltreatment exert differential effects in neural threat reactivity: while the effects of abuse are more focal, the effects of neglect and combined experiences of abuse are more distributed. These findings are relevant for understanding the range of psychiatric outcomes following childhood maltreatment and have implications for intervention.
“The War Power Is Not a Blank Check”: The Supreme Court and Conscientious Objection, 1917–1973
Authors: Threlkeld Megan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:This article examines the Supreme Court’s role in the development of federal conscientious objector policy in the twentieth century. Focusing on two key periods—the three years following the end of World War II, and the era of the Vietnam War—I argue that the policy’s evolution was more complex than previous studies have indicated, and that the Court’s changing attitudes toward conscientious objection can be traced to the justices’ increasing but irresolute concern for civil liberties. By the early 1970s, the Court was interpreting federal statutes much more broadly than Congress ever intended, but the justices remained divided over just how broad those interpretations should be. While the end of the draft rendered the question of compulsory military service moot, the Court’s failure to arrive at a clear position on conscientious objection has had lasting implications on other issues.
“Enlightened System” or “Regulatory Nightmare”?: New York’s Adirondack Mountains and the Conflicted Politics of Environmental Land-Use Reform During the 1970s
Authors: Siskind Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:This exploration of the politics of land-use reform in New York’s vast Adirondack Mountains provides a revealing window onto the ambiguities, evolution, and importance of environmental liberalism during the 1970s. A distinctive set of circumstances, featuring forceful advocacy by Governor Nelson Rockefeller and propitious political timing, led to the creation in the early 1970s of one of the most ambitious state-level environmental reforms in modern American history. But implementation during the mid- and late 1970s proved challenging. Environmental management by a new regional agency that possessed powerful regulatory authority over all public and private lands in the region produced discontents, distrust, and organized opposition among both developers and property-rights advocates on the right and environmental advocates on the left. The result was an uneasy, enduring legacy: the new regulatory institution and key environmental planning ideas of the early 1970s and the later, wide-ranging discontents would coexist in similar forms for decades to come.
Ladakh: diverse, high-altitude extreme environments for off-earth analogue and astrobiology research
Authors: Pandey Siddharth , Clarke Jonathan , Nema Preeti , Bonaccorsi Rosalba , Som Sanjoy , Sharma Mukund , Phartiyal Binita , Rajamani Sudha , Mogul Rakesh , Martin-Torres Javier , Vaishampayan Parag , Blank Jennifer , Steller Luke , Srivastava Anushree , Singh Randheer , McGuirk Savannah , Zorzano María-Paz , Güttler Johannes Milan , Mendaza Teresa , Soria-Salinas Alvaro , Ahmad Shamim , Ansari Arif , Singh Veeru Kant , Mungi Chaitanya , Bapat Niraja 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper highlights unique sites in Ladakh, India, investigated during our 2016 multidisciplinary pathfinding expedition to the region. We summarize our scientific findings and the site's potential to support science exploration, testing of new technologies and science protocols within the framework of astrobiology research. Ladakh has several accessible, diverse, pristine and extreme environments at very high altitudes (3000–5700 m above sea level). These sites include glacial passes, sand dunes, hot springs and saline lake shorelines with periglacial features. We report geological observations and environmental characteristics (of astrobiological significance) along with the development of regolith-landform maps for cold high passes. The effects of the diurnal water cycle on salt deliquescence were studied using the ExoMars Mission instrument mockup: HabitAbility: Brines, Irradiance and Temperature (HABIT). It recorded the existence of an interaction between the diurnal water cycle in the atmosphere and salts in the soil (which can serve as habitable liquid water reservoirs). Life detection assays were also tested to establish the best protocols for biomass measurements in brines, periglacial ice-mud and permafrost melt water environments in the Tso-Kar region. This campaign helped confirm the relevance of clays and brines as interest targets of research on Mars for biomarker preservation and life detection.
Long-term medical cannabis use and risk factors for diversion: Report on physician's guidance and patients’ behaviour
Authors: Sznitman Sharon R. , Goldberg Victoria , Sheinman-Yuffe Hedva , Zolotov Yuval , Flechter Ezequiel , Bar-Sela Gil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesVarious jurisdictions have legalized cannabis for medical purposes. As with all psychoactive medications, medical cannabis carries a risk of diversion and accidental ingestion. These risks may be particularly high among long-term medical cannabis patients as safety practices may become less salient to patients once the treatment becomes part of everyday life. The current study examines whether patients who have used medical cannabis for longer periods differ from those who have used for shorter periods in terms of sociodemographic background and other key aspects of medical cannabis use. Furthermore, the study examines the relationship between length of medical cannabis treatment and risk factors related to storage and diversion. Finally, the study examines the extent to which oncologists provide information to their patients about safe storage and disposal.MethodsOne hundred twenty-one medical cannabis oncology patients were interviewed face-to-face and 55 oncologists participated in a survey about safe storage and disposal practices related to medical cannabis.ResultsLength of medical cannabis treatment was related to administration by smoking and using higher monthly dosages. In terms of risk for unsafe storage and diversion, length of medical cannabis was positively associated with using cannabis outside the home and having been asked to give away medical cannabis. Physicians did not report providing information to patients regarding safe storage and disposal practices in a regular manner.Significance of resultsResults suggest that there is an ongoing risk of unsafe storage and diversion over the course of medical cannabis treatment. Oncologists may need to give more consistent and continued training in safe storage and disposal practices, especially among long-term medical cannabis patients.
Two idea(l)s of the international rule of law
Authors: COLLINS RICHARD 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:The international rule of law is a somewhat ubiquitous concept yet, as idea, it is marred by ambiguity and disagreement and, as ideal, constantly frustrated by the institutional conditions of the decentralised international legal order. Rather than necessarily undermining the concept, however, I argue that these structural conditions cause a kind of conceptual rupture, resulting in seemingly opposed or contradictory idealisations. On the one hand, the international rule of law can be understood as what Terry Nardin has called the ‘basis of association’ in international relations. This understanding places importance on the legal form as an end in itself, whereby the structural or institutional autonomy of international law is critical to the peaceable conduct of international relations. On the other hand, however, the rule of law exists as an unfulfilled promise of an order to come: it is distinctly anti-formalist in nature, stressing the functional capacity of international law to actually constrain political actors (primarily states) and thus seeking to develop more effective international institutional mechanisms. Although these competing idealisations give rise to a certain contradiction and inherent tension, their conceptual opposition is, I believe, critical to an understanding of authority and accountability dynamics in an era of ‘global governance’.
Role of the DNA damage response in prostate cancer formation, progression and treatment
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , van Gent Dik C. , Incrocci Luca , van Weerden Wytske M. , Nonnekens Julie 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Clinical and preclinical studies have revealed that alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways may play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) etiology and progression. These alterations can influence PCa responses to radiotherapy and anti-androgen treatment. The identification of DNA repair gene aberrations in PCa has driven the interest for further evaluation whether these genetic changes may serve as biomarkers for patient stratification.

Methods
In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on DDR alterations in PCa, their potential impact on clinical interventions and prospects for improved management of PCa. We particularly focus on the influence of DDR gene mutations on PCa initiation and progression and describe the underlying mechanisms.

Results and Conclusions
A better understanding of these mechanisms, will contribute to better disease management as treatment strategies can be chosen based on the specific disease properties, since a growing number of treatments are targeting DDR pathway alterations (such as Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors). Furthermore, the recently discovered crosstalk between the DDR and androgen receptor signaling opens a new array of possible strategies to optimize treatment combinations. We discuss how these recent and ongoing studies will help to improve diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic approaches for PCa management.
An integrative cross-omics analysis of DNA methylation sites of glucose and insulin homeostasis
Authors: Liu Jun , Carnero-Montoro Elena , van Dongen Jenny , Lent Samantha , Nedeljkovic Ivana , Ligthart Symen , Tsai Pei-Chien , Martin Tiphaine C. , Mandaviya Pooja R. , Jansen Rick , Peters Marjolein J. , Duijts Liesbeth , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Tiemeier Henning , Felix Janine F. , Willemsen Gonneke , de Geus Eco J. C. , Chu Audrey Y. , Levy Daniel , Hwang Shih-Jen , Bressler Jan , Gondalia Rahul , Salfati Elias L. , Herder Christian , Hidalgo Bertha A. , Tanaka Toshiko , Moore Ann Zenobia , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Jhun Min A , Smith Jennifer A. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Bandinelli Stefania , Ferrucci Luigi , Arnett Donna K. , Grallert Harald , Assimes Themistocles L. , Hou Lifang , Baccarelli Andrea , Whitsel Eric A. , van Dijk Ko Willems , Amin Najaf , Uitterlinden André G. , Sijbrands Eric J. G. , Franco Oscar H. , Dehghan Abbas , Spector Tim D. , Dupuis Josée , Hivert Marie-France , Rotter Jerome I. , Meigs James B. , Pankow James S. , van Meurs Joyce B. J. , Isaacs Aaron , Boomsma Dorret I. , Bell Jordana T. , Demirkan Ayşe , van Duijn Cornelia M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite existing reports on differential DNA methylation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, our understanding of its functional relevance remains limited. Here we show the effect of differential methylation in the early phases of T2D pathology by a blood-based epigenome-wide association study of 4808 non-diabetic Europeans in the discovery phase and 11,750 individuals in the replication. We identify CpGs in LETM1, RBM20, IRS2, MAN2A2 and the 1q25.3 region associated with fasting insulin, and in FCRL6, SLAMF1, APOBEC3H and the 15q26.1 region with fasting glucose. In silico cross-omics analyses highlight the role of differential methylation in the crosstalk between the adaptive immune system and glucose homeostasis. The differential methylation explains at least 16.9% of the association between obesity and insulin. Our study sheds light on the biological interactions between genetic variants driving differential methylation and gene expression in the early pathogenesis of T2D.
Indirect chiral magnetic exchange through Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya-enhanced RKKY interactions in manganese oxide chains on Ir(100)
Authors: Schmitt Martin , Moras Paolo , Bihlmayer Gustav , Cotsakis Ryan , Vogt Matthias , Kemmer Jeannette , Belabbes Abderrezak , Sheverdyaeva Polina M. , Kundu Asish K. , Carbone Carlo , Blügel Stefan , Bode Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLocalized electron spins can couple magnetically via the Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction even if their wave functions lack direct overlap. Theory predicts that spin–orbit scattering leads to a Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya type enhancement of this indirect exchange interaction, giving rise to chiral exchange terms. Here we present a combined spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, angle-resolved photoemission, and density functional theory study of MnO2 chains on Ir(100). Whereas we find antiferromagnetic Mn–Mn coupling along the chain, the inter-chain coupling across the non-magnetic Ir substrate turns out to be chiral with a 120° rotation between adjacent MnO2 chains. Calculations reveal that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction results in spin spirals with a periodicity in agreement with experiment. Our findings confirm the existence of indirect chiral magnetic exchange, potentially giving rise to exotic phenomena, such as chiral spin-liquid states in spin ice systems or the emergence of new quasiparticles.
Quantifying gravity wave forcing using scale invariance
Authors: Liu Han-Li 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite the increasing resolution, forcing on the mean circulation by resolved waves in general circulation models is not yet converging. Parameterization of the forcing remains a major source of model uncertainty. This study examines the scale invariance of zonal spectra of momentum flux and wave forcing, and shows that it can be used to quantify the forcing by unresolved waves with knowledge of the resolved ones in global models. The result reveals the leading order importance of the small-scale wave forcing, which is in general agreement with that required for obtaining the zonal mean wind climatology. It is also found that wave and mean flow interaction is important in maintaining the robust spectral structure. This method may provide a strategy to design physically consistent and scale-aware parameterization schemes for scale invariant quantities, when a model has sufficient resolution to partially resolve their spectra.
Engineering brain activity patterns by neuromodulator polytherapy for treatment of disorders
Authors: Ghannad-Rezaie Mostafa , Eimon Peter M. , Wu Yuelong , Yanik Mehmet Fatih 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConventional drug screens and treatments often ignore the underlying complexity of brain network dysfunctions, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. Here we ask whether we can correct abnormal functional connectivity of the entire brain by identifying and combining multiple neuromodulators that perturb connectivity in complementary ways. Our approach avoids the combinatorial complexity of screening all drug combinations. We develop a high-speed platform capable of imaging more than 15000 neurons in 50ms to map the entire brain functional connectivity in large numbers of vertebrates under many conditions. Screening a panel of drugs in a zebrafish model of human Dravet syndrome, we show that even drugs with related mechanisms of action can modulate functional connectivity in significantly different ways. By clustering connectivity fingerprints, we algorithmically select small subsets of complementary drugs and rapidly identify combinations that are significantly more effective at correcting abnormal networks and reducing spontaneous seizures than monotherapies, while minimizing behavioral side effects. Even at low concentrations, our polytherapy performs superior to individual drugs even at highest tolerated concentrations.
Efficient full spin–orbit torque switching in a single layer of a perpendicularly magnetized single-crystalline ferromagnet
Authors: Jiang Miao , Asahara Hirokatsu , Sato Shoichi , Kanaki Toshiki , Yamasaki Hiroki , Ohya Shinobu , Tanaka Masaaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpin–orbit torque (SOT), which is induced by an in-plane electric current via large spin-orbit coupling, enables an innovative method of manipulating the magnetization of ferromagnets by means of current injection. In conventional SOT bilayer systems, the magnetization switching efficiency strongly depends on the interface quality and the strength of the intrinsic spin Hall Effect. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient full SOT switching achieved by applying a current in a single layer of perpendicularly magnetized ferromagnetic semiconductor GaMnAs with an extremely small current density of ∼3.4 × 105 A cm−2, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that needed in typical metal bilayer systems. This low required current density is attributed to the intrinsic bulk inversion asymmetry of GaMnAs as well as its high-quality single crystallinity and large spin polarization. Our findings will contribute to advancements in the electrical control of magnetism and its practical application in semiconductor devices.
Proton-assisted creation of controllable volumetric oxygen vacancies in ultrathin CeO2−x for pseudocapacitive energy storage applications
Authors: S. Mofarah Sajjad , Adabifiroozjaei Esmaeil , Yao Yin , Koshy Pramod , Lim Sean , Webster Richard , Liu Xinhong , Khayyam Nekouei Rasoul , Cazorla Claudio , Liu Zhao , Wang Yu , Lambropoulos Nicholas , Sorrell Charles C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional metal oxide pseudocapacitors are promising candidates for size-sensitive applications. However, they exhibit limited energy densities and inferior power densities. Here, we present an electrodeposition technique by which ultrathin CeO2−x films with controllable volumetric oxygen vacancy concentrations can be produced. This technique offers a layer-by-layer fabrication route for ultrathin CeO2−x films that render Ce3+ concentrations as high as ~60 at% and a volumetric capacitance of 1873 F cm−3, which is among the highest reported to the best of our knowledge. This exceptional behaviour originates from both volumetric oxygen vacancies, which enhance electron conduction, and intercrystallite water, which promotes proton conduction. Consequently, simultaneous charging on the surface and in the bulk occur, leading to the observation of redox pseudocapacitive behaviour in CeO2−x. Thermodynamic investigations reveal that the energy required for oxygen vacancy formation can be reduced significantly by proton-assisted reactions. This cyclic deposition technique represents an efficient method to fabricate metal oxides of precisely controlled defect concentrations and thicknesses.
Spin Seebeck mechanical force
Authors: Harii Kazuya , Seo Yong-Jun , Tsutsumi Yasumasa , Chudo Hiroyuki , Oyanagi Koichi , Matsuo Mamoru , Shiomi Yuki , Ono Takahito , Maekawa Sadamichi , Saitoh Eiji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectric current has been used to send electricity to far distant places. On the other hand, spin current, a flow of electron spin, can in principle also send angular momentum to distant places. In a magnet, there is a universal spin carrier called a spin wave, a wave-type excitation of magnetization. Since spin waves exhibit a long propagation length, it should be able to send angular momentum that can generate torque and force at a distant place: a new function of magnets. Here we observe mechanical angular momentum transmission and force generation due to spin waves injected into Y3Fe5O12 by the spin-Seebeck effect. The spin-wave current, transmitted through a Y3Fe5O12 micro cantilever, was found to create a mechanical force on the cantilever as a non-local reaction of the spin-Seebeck effect. Spin-wave current can be generated remotely even in open circuits, and it can be used to drive micro mechanical devices.