bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corneal and Epithelial Thickness in Keratoconus: A Comparison of Ultrasonic Pachymetry, Orbscan II, and Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Haque Sameena , Simpson Trefford , Jones Lyndon 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare corneal thickness measurements in individuals with keratoconus using optical coherence tomography (OCT), Orbscan II, and ultrasonic pachymetry and to measure epithelial and stromal thickness in these individuals using OCT.
METHODS: Twenty individuals with keratoconus and 20 controls (without keratoconus) were enrolled. The Orbscan II was used to locate the steepest area of the cornea, which was taken to represent the cone apex. Each instrument was used to obtain four total corneal thickness measurements-from the cone apex, corneal center, mid-nasal, and mid-temporal cornea. Optical coherence tomography scans were analyzed to provide epithelial and stromal thickness readings.
RESULTS: In individuals with keratoconus, mean central corneal thickness (CCT) measured by ultrasonic pachymetry, Orbscan, and OCT was 494.2±50.0 µm, 438.6±47.7 µm, and 433.5±39.7 µm, respectively. The central keratoconic cornea was 57.7 µm thinner than the normal cornea (post-hoc P<.001). The cone apex was thinner than the central cornea (P<.001). Keratoconic epithelium was 48.2±5.5 µm centrally and 42.1±4.5 µm at the apex. Central keratoconic epithelium was 4.7 µm thinner and central keratoconic stroma was 57.8 µm thinner than the normal cornea (P<.001, respectively). Comparing instruments, Orbscan and OCT correlated in CCT measurement (r=0.890) and apical thickness (r=0.846). All instruments produced similar readings for mid-nasal and mid-temporal corneal thickness in participants with keratoconus (P>.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonic pachymetry produced the highest corneal thickness readings in the center and apex, compared to Orbscan II and OCT. Centrally, the total cornea, epithelium, and stroma were thinner in individuals with keratoconus than in normal individuals. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:486-493.]
The Effect of Scleral Buckling Surgery on Corneal Astigmatism, Corneal Thickness, and Anterior Chamber Depth
Authors: Cetin Ebru , Ozbek Zeynep , Saatci Ali Osman , Durak Ismet 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of scleral buckling surgery on corneal topography, corneal thickness, and anterior chamber depth.
METHODS: Thirty-two eyes of 32 patients who underwent encircling buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were included in the study. Fellow eyes comprised the control group. Orbscan II topography system was used to determine the changes in corneal topography, corneal thickness, and anterior chamber depth before surgery and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. Statistical analyses used in the study were independent t test, paired t test, one way analysis of variance, and correlation analyses.
RESULTS: Postoperatively, mean central corneal astigmatism at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months was 4.3±2.0 diopters (D), 3.3±1.6 D, and 3.1±1.0 D, respectively. The change between 1 week and 3 months was statistically significant. Central cornea was thickened at the first postoperative week. The thickness gradually decreased to the preoperative levels at 3 months. Anterior chamber depth decreased, and the anterior chamber remained shallow after the surgery. The comparison between preoperative (2.94±0.6 mm) and postoperative anterior chamber depth was statistically significant at 1 week (2.57±0.7 mm), 1 month (2.83±0.7 mm), and 3 months (2.73±0.6 mm).
CONCLUSIONS: Corneal changes after scleral buckling surgery were mild to moderate and the cornea almost resumed its preoperative parameters in 3 months' time. However, the anterior chamber remained shallow during 3 months of follow-up. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:494-499.]
Wavefront-supported Photorefractive Keratectomy With the Bausch & Lomb Zyoptix in Patients With Myopic Astigmatism and Suspected Keratoconus
Authors: Bahar Irit , Levinger Shmuel , Kremer Israel 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and visual outcome of wavefront-supported photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism in patients with suspected keratoconus.
METHODS: Forty eyes of 20 patients with myopia -4.0 to -8.0 diopters (D) (mean: -6.25±1.04 D), cylinder -1.0 to -2.50 D (mean: -1.61±0.71 D), and corneal thickness 440 to 488 µm were treated with wavefront-supported PRK. Corneal topography evaluation revealed a significantly irregular cylinder (inferior-superior difference >1.5 D) with possible mild or forme fruste keratoconus. Aberrometry was performed with the Hartmann-Shack aberrometer, and corneal data were evaluated with the Orbscan system. Eyes were treated with the Technolas 217z Bausch & Lomb excimer laser and followed for a minimum of 40 months.
RESULTS: Following surgery, mean spherical equivalent refraction was +0.33±0.8 D. It was within ±0.5 D of the intended refraction in 95% of eyes and within ±1.0 D in 100% of eyes. Mean uncorrected visual acuity improved from 20/400 preoperatively to 20/25 postoperatively. Mean best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) remained unchanged (20/20) or improved to 20/20 in 92.5% of eyes and to 20/25 in 7.5% of eyes. Individually, BSCVA did not change in 28 (70%) eyes and increased by ≥2 Snellen lines in 9 (22.5%) eyes; 3 (7.5%) eyes lost 1 Snellen line because of corneal haze. Laser treatment induced a significant flattening of the preoperative inferior corneal steepness in all eyes. Wavefront analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in high order aberrations (total root-mean-square and coma).
CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront-supported PRK appears to be effective for the treatment of myopia and astigmatism in patients with suspected keratoconus and thin, irregular corneas. Longer follow-up is needed to prove the safety of the procedure in this patient population. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:533-538.]
Reproducibility of Flap Thickness With IntraLase FS and Moria LSK-1 and M2 Microkeratomes
Authors: Talamo Jonathan H , Meltzer Jeremy , Gardner John 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare flap thickness reproducibility of the femtosecond laser and two mechanical microkeratomes.
METHODS: Flap thickness for all eyes was measured as the difference between the preoperative (day of surgery) full corneal thickness and post-flap creation central stromal bed thickness using ultrasonic pachymetry. Flap thickness values produced by three different microkeratome systems were compared for accuracy and reproducibility.
RESULTS: For 99 flaps created using the IntraLase FS laser with an intended thickness of 110 µm, the mean achieved thickness was 119±12 µm (range: 82 to 149 µm). In 100 eyes treated with the Moria LSK-1 microkeratome with an intended flap thickness of 160 µm, the mean achieved thickness was 130 ±19 µm (range: 71 to 186 µm). In 135 eyes treated with the Moria M2 microkeratome with an intended flap thickness of 130 µm, mean thickness was 142 ±24 µm (range: 84 to 203 µm). The standard deviation and range of corneal flap thickness created with the IntraLase FS laser was significantly smaller than either mechanical microkeratome (P<.0001).
CONCLUSIONS: When compared to two commonly used mechanical microkeratomes, mean achieved flap thickness was more reproducible with the IntraLase FS laser, reducing the comparative risk of overly thick flaps. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:556-561.]
Bilateral Comparison of Conventional Versus Topographic-guided Customized Ablation for Myopic LASIK With the NIDEK EC-5000
Authors: Du Chi-xin , Yang Ya-bo , Shen Ye , Wang Yang , Dougherty Paul J 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare visual acuity and higher order aberrations before and after myopic LASIK using conventional versus customized ablation.
METHODS: This prospective, randomized study included 54 myopic eyes in 27 patients who underwent bilateral LASIK using the NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser system (NIDEK Technologies, Gamagori, Japan). Customized aspheric treatment zone (CATz) treatment was used in one eye (CATz group) and conventional ablation (conventional group) was used in the fellow eye. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and higher order aberrations (root-mean-square [RMS] in 4-mm and 6-mm zones) of both groups were observed with the NIDEK OPD-Scan aberrometer before and 3 months after LASIK. Preoperative mean refractive error was similar for both eyes of each patient (P>.05).
RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were noted in preoperative higher order aberrations (RMS in 4-mm and 6-mm zones) between groups (P>.05). No statistically significant difference was noted between pre- and postoperative higher order aberrations in the CATz group (P>.05). However, a highly statistically significant increase in higher order aberrations was observed after conventional ablation (P<.001). There was a statistically significant higher increase of higher order aberrations after LASIK in the conventional group than the CATz group (P<.05). Postoperative UCVA with both conventional and customized ablation was not significantly different (P>.05).
CONCLUSIONS: LASIK with conventional ablation and CATz ablation resulted in the same UCVA. The increase in higher order aberrations after CATz ablation was less than after conventional ablation. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:642-646.]
Binocular Visual Performance After LASIK
Authors: Jiménez José Ramón , Villa Cesar , Anera Rosario González , Gutiérrez Ramón , del Barco Luis Jiménez 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To analyze binocular visual function after LASIK.
METHODS: Eye aberrometry and corneal topography was obtained for both eyes in 68 patients (136 eyes). To evaluate visual performance, monocular and binocular contrast sensitivity function and disturbance index for quantifying halos were measured. Tests were performed under mesopic conditions.
RESULTS: Binocular summation and disturbance index diminished significantly (P<.0001) after LASIK with increasing interocular differences in corneal and eye aberrations. Binocular visual deterioration was greater than monocular deterioration for contrast sensitivity function and disturbance index.
CONCLUSIONS: Binocular function deteriorates more than monocular function after LASIK. This deterioration increases as the interocular differences in aberrations and corneal shape increase. Improvements in ablation algorithms should minimize these interocular differences. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:679-688.]
Wavefront Analyzers Induce Instrument Myopia
Authors: Cervino Alejandro , Hosking Sarah L , Rai Gurjeet K , Naroo Shezhad A , Gilmartin Bernard 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of three wavefront analyzers versus a validated binocular open-view autorefractor in determining refractive error in non-cycloplegic eyes.
METHODS: Eighty eyes were examined using the SRW-5000 open-view infrared autorefractor and, in randomized sequence, three wavefront analyzers: 1) OPD-Scan (NIDEK, Gamagori, Japan), 2) WASCA (Zeiss/Med itec, Jena, Germany), and 3) Allegretto (WaveLight Laser Technologies AG, Erlangen, Germany). Subjects were healthy adults (19 men and 21 women; mean age: 20.8±2.5 years). Refractive errors ranged from +1.5 to -9.75 diopters (D) (mean: +1.83±2.74 D) with up to 1.75 D cylinder (mean: 0.58±0.53 D). Three readings were collected per instrument by one examiner without anticholinergic agents. Refraction values were decomposed into vector components for analysis, resulting in mean spherical equivalent refraction (M) and J0 and J45 being vectors of cylindrical power at 0° and 45°, respectively.

RESULTS: Positive correlation was observed between wavefront analyzers and the SRW-5000 for spherical equivalent refraction (OPD-Scan, r=0.959, P<.001; WASCA, r=0.981, P<.001; Allegretto, r=0.942, P<.001). Mean differences and limits of agreement showed more negative spherical equivalent refraction with wavefront analyzers (OPD-Scan, 0.406+0.768 D [range: 0.235 to 0.580 D] [P<.001]; WASCA, 0.511±0.550 D [range: 0.390 to 0.634 D] [P<.001]; and Allegretto, 0.434±0.904 D [range: 0.233 to 0.635 D] [P<.001]). A second analysis eliminating outliers showed the same trend but lower differences: OPD-Scan (n=75), 0.24±0.41 D (range: 0.15 to 0.34 D) (P<.001); WASCA (n=78), 0.46+0.47 D (range: 0.36 to 0.57 D) (P<.001); and Allegretto (n=77), 0.30+0.62 D (range: 0.16 to 0.44 D) (P<.001). No statistically significant differences were noted for J
p 0
and J
45
.

CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront analyzer refraction resulted in 0.30 D more myopia compared to SRW-5000 refraction in eyes without cycloplegia. This is the result of the accommodation excess attributable to instrument myopia. For the relatively low degrees of astigmatism in this study (<2.0 D), good agreement was noted between wavefront analyzers and the SRW-5000. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:795-803.]
Late Onset Diffuse Lamellar Keratitis as a Result of the Toxic Effect of Ecballium Elaterium Herb
Authors: Koçak Ibrahim , Karabela Yunus , Karaman Mehmet , Kaya Faruk 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of late onset diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) 11 months after LASIK due to Ecballium elaterium exposure.
METHODS: A 25-year-old man underwent bilateral LASIK. No complications were observed during the early postoperative period.
RESULTS: Eleven months after LASIK surgery, grade Il DLK was diagnosed after an Ecballium elaterium herb seed burst and splashed into the patient's left eye. Topical steroid treatment was administered and DLK healed in 2 weeks without complication.
CONCLUSIONS: Although DLK typically develops in the early postoperative period, it could occur months after surgery. Treatment should begin as soon as DLK is diagnosed. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:826-827.]
Erectile dysfunction among male patients diagnosed with schizophrenia being treated with antipsychotic medication, and the impact on quality of life
Authors: Rowel W. W. J. S. M , Liyange U. L. N. S. , Hewawitharana U. H. , Dayabandara M. , Rodrigo A. 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionErectile dysfunction is a distressing side effect of antipsychotics, which leads to poor medication compliance and poor quality of life. There is a scarcity of studies on antipsychotic-induced sexual dysfunction in Sri Lanka. We assessed the prevalence of erectile dysfunction among patients with schizophrenia who have been prescribed antipsychotic medication. MethodsA cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted among patients attending the outpatient clinics of Colombo North Teaching Hospital and National Hospital, Sri Lanka. The five item International Index for Erectile Dysfunction, Erection Hardness Score and World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale were used to assess erectile dysfunction and quality of life. ResultsOf the 102 patients in the study, 80 (79%) were found to have erectile dysfunction. The largest proportion of erectile dysfunction was seen in patients who were prescribed clozapine (87.9%), followed by risperidone (82.1%), olanzapine (73.9%) and fluphenazine (68.8%). There was no significant correlation between erectile dysfunction and quality of life. None of the patients had initiated a discussion about sexual side effects, while only 8.3% reported that their psychiatrist had inquired about the sexual dysfunction. ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that sexual dysfunction is a common but often overlooked phenomenon among patients with schizophrenia. This study highlights the need for Sri Lankan psychiatrists to explore sexual problems in this cohort of patients.
A cross sectional survey of adherence, perceived efficacy and side effects of methylphenidate among children at a teaching hospital in Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayamaha G. , Perera W. M.T. M. , Herath T. A. , Rodrigo A. 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric condition in childhood, which if untreated may have a negative effect on education, peer relationships and family disharmony. Methylphenidate is an effective treatment for ADHD, although its use is limited by poor compliance and side effects. Studies on effects of side effects on efficacy, and adherence of methylphenidate in developing countries are scarce. MethodsWe assessed the adherence, efficacy, and side effects of methylphenidate in children and adolescents treated at a child and adolescent psychiatry clinic of North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama. We gathered information from guardians of the children treated with methylphenidate for at least 2 months, using an interviewer administered questionnaire. ResultsAmong the 149 participants, a majority were males and the mean age of the population was 10.4 years. More than 52% participants reported 100% compliance with methylphenidate, but only 12% complied with non-pharmacological therapies. While 75% believed the medication to be effective, only 17% perceived psychosocial strategies to be useful. Poor appetite (44%) was the most common side effect of methylphenidate and 43% did not report any side effect. There was a negative correlation between compliance with methylphenidate and the occurrence of poor appetite, as well as with not increasing the initial dose. DiscussionThe results of this study suggest that methylphenidate is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for children in Sri Lanka with ADHD.
Production Design, Art Direction and Dramaturgy in the Turkish Cinema After 1990
Authors: Yilmaz Serdar 
Published: December 2018

The discussion of crucial but long neglected issue of the meaning, function and importance of production design and art direction with regard to movie production process in Turkey constitutes the main essence of this article. Space design within the creative process of a movie, in other words the construction process of the space in movie making in Turkey will be analyzed in the medium of certain films and creative –preparatory process of design, which entails drawings, drafts, and distinct stages of realization as experienced by three contemporary art directors and production designers.
Toward a Holistic EcoFeminism: A Chinese Perspective
Authors: Wei Qingqi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
While ancient Chinese ecological wisdom particularly found in Daoism has become increasingly known to the world academia, its holistic feature connected with an ecofeminist dimension is yet to be investigated. Besides, rupture remains to be removed between great masters' theories and ordinary people's lives. There are reassuring hopes that as a continuum of this ongoing process, contemporary Chinese scholarship in this regard inherits ancient Chinese philosophy and facilitates many developments, especially making possible a holistic Chinese ecofeminism, with the reinterpretation of yin and yang as a paradigmatic endeavor.
Nature and Ethnic Women: An Ecofeminist Reading of Chi Zijian's The Last Quarter of the Moon and Linda Hogan's Solar Storms
Authors: Du Lanlan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Although they do not have any factual connections, both contemporary Chinese writer Chi Zijian and Chickasaw writer Linda Hogan have deep concerns about the intertwined environmental and gender issues. By employing an ecofeminist approach, this essay aims to make a comparative analysis of The Last Quarter of the Moon and Solar Storms to analyze ethnic women's affinity with nature and the twin exploitation of nature and women revealed in them. It argues that both the two novels emphasize a general acceptance of the interconnectedness of human and nonhuman world, with The Last Quarter of the Moon focusing more on the unity between nature and humanity, and the lamentation of the demise of the Evenki culture in the process of modernization whereas Solar Storms has a clearer awareness of resistance to the double oppression of the land and Native American women.
An Artist of Range and Breadth: Commemorating Steinbeck
Authors: Gladstein Mimi Reisel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Surveying Steinbeck's range and breadth, this article focuses to a large extent on his varied styles, subject matter, and the several roles of women in his works. On the one hand, he produced Of Mice and Men, a brief but mythic piece that for all its universality may be read and enjoyed by high school students and is a staple of their reading lists, while speaking as well to readers of all ages. Alternatively, after the end of World War II the King of Norway awarded him the King Haakon VII Freedom Cross for writing a book that inspired resistance to the murderous Nazi menace. And his portrayal of women runs the gamut from young children such as Ruthie in The Grapes of Wrath to Gramma in the same novel.
Antropología del turismo de San Juan del Sur Rivas Nicaragua
Authors: Espinoza Vallejos Sandra , García Vásquez Ramiro 
Published: December 2018

El ensayo presenta un análisis de la antropología del turismo de San Juan del Sur desde sus orígenes hastala modernidad, la comunidad está localizada en el Departamento de Rivas, Nicaragua y es considerada elmás importante destino turístico de sol y playa en el Pacífico de nuestro país. Como sustento analítico se revisaron los resultados de investigaciones antropológicas, arqueológicas, históricas y datos cuantitativos actualizados a cerca del auge y desarrollo turístico en la comunidad. Los análisis que se hicieron a través de la antropología del turismo permitieron estudiar esta actividad económica, desde la relación que tiene con una amplia diversidad de grupos humanos, entre visitantes y residentes, que interactúan entre sí y como consecuencia se originan una serie de contactos basados en la interculturalidad que permite una mejor comprensión, sostenibilidad y aprovechamiento del turismo, re direccionándolo a tipologías vivencialesy comunitarias.
Tissue Continues to Be the Issue: Role of Histopathology in the Context of Recent Updates in the Radiologic Classification of Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Raparia Kirtee , Raj Rishi 
Published: December 2018

Context.—High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging has an increasingly important role in clinical decision-making in patients with interstitial lung diseases. The recent Fleischner Society white paper on the diagnostic criteria for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis highlights the advances in our understanding of HRCT imaging in interstitial lung diseases.Objective.—To discuss the evidence and recommendations outlined in the white paper as it pertains to the radiologic diagnosis of interstitial lung disease, specifically highlighting the current limitations of HRCT in confidently predicting histopathologic findings.Data Sources.—The recent Fleischner Society white paper and other studies pertaining to the role of HRCT in predicting histopathology in interstitial lung diseases are reviewed.Conclusions.—High-resolution computed tomography is highly predictive of a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on histopathology when the HRCT shows a typical UIP pattern on a “confident” read by the radiologist. A probable UIP pattern is also very predictive of a UIP pattern on histopathology, and histopathologic confirmation is not needed for most patients demonstrating this pattern in the appropriate clinical setting. A UIP pattern may be seen in a substantial proportion of patients with an “indeterminate UIP” pattern on HRCT and in many patients for whom the HRCT suggests an alternative diagnosis; histopathologic confirmation should be considered in patients demonstrating these patterns whenever feasible.