bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial‐Temporal Variation of Lake Surface Water Temperature and Its Driving Factors in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau
Authors: Yang Kun , Yu Zhenyu , Luo Yi , Zhou Xiaolu , Shang Chunxue 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLake surface water temperature (LSWT) is an important factor of water ecological environment. In the context of global warming, the LSWT of global lakes generally reveals an upward trend. With a continuous intensification of human activities and a rapid expansion of the impervious surface, urbanization has exerted an increasing impact on the environment, so the impact of human activities on LSWT cannot be ignored. Because of the special geographical location, the change of LSWT in plateau lakes has important impacts on climate diversity, biodiversity, and cultural diversity. As a result, it is critical to monitor and model the variation characteristics of LSWT in the plateau area. Based on the data set of natural factors representing climate change and human factors representing human activities, this study proposes a classification of lake types by K‐Means clustering method. At watershed scale, 11 lakes in the study area are divided into three types: Natural Lake, Semi‐urban Lake, and Urban Lake (UL). Based on this classification, the variation characteristics of LSWT for the eleven lakes from 2001 to 2017 are analyzed. The causal relationship and contribution of climate change and human activities to the rise of LSWT are discussed. Results show that (1) from 2001 to 2017, the annual mean of LSWT‐day/night and near‐surface air temperature in the 11 lakes show a warming trend, a significant correlation (R = 0.82, α = 0.0164 < 0.5) and a same periodicity, which indicates that near‐surface air temperature is one of the main influencing factors of LSWT warming in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau. (2) LSWT warming trend of UL is more obvious than those of Semi‐urban Lake and Natural Lake, indicating that human activities have more significant impact on LSWT of UL. The main driving factors are the impervious surface expansion and population increase. (3) The influence of human activities on the LSWT in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau is becoming more and more significant, and it is also the main factor in causing the deterioration of lake water environment in Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau.
LXRα limits TGFβ-dependent hepatocellular carcinoma associated fibroblast differentiation
Authors: Morén Anita , Bellomo Claudia , Tsubakihara Yutaro , Kardassis Dimitris , Mikulits Wolfgang , Heldin Carl-Henrik , Moustakas Aristidis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is deposited in the extracellular space of diverse tissues. Resident fibroblasts respond to TGFβ and undergo myofibroblastic differentiation during tissue wound healing and cancer progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) communicate with tumor cells during cancer progression, under the guidance of TGFβ signaling. We report that agonist-activated liver X receptors (LXR) limit the expression of key components of myofibroblast differentiation, including the α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) gene in liver cancer cells. CAFs derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) express high αSMA and low LXRα levels, whereas hepatocarcinoma cells exhibit an inverse expression pattern. All hepatoma cells analyzed responded to the LXRα agonist T0901317 by inducing fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression. On the other hand, T0901317 antagonized TGFβ-induced fibroblastic marker responses, such as fibronectin and calponin, in a subset of hepatoma cells and all CAFs analyzed. Mechanistically, LXRα antagonized TGFβ signaling at the transcriptional level. Smad3 and LXRα were recruited to adjacent DNA motifs of the ACTA2 promoter. Upon cloning the human ACTA2 promoter, we confirmed its transcriptional induction by TGFβ stimulation, and LXRα overexpression repressed the promoter activity. Hepatosphere formation by HCC cells was enhanced upon co-culturing with CAFs. T0901317 suppressed the positive effects exerted on hepatosphere growth by CAFs. Taken together, the data suggest that LXRα agonists limit TGFβ-dependent CAF differentiation, potentially limiting primary HCC growth.
Pazopanib in advanced soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Lee Alex T. J. , Jones Robin L. , Huang Paul H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPazopanib is the first and only tyrosine kinase inhibitor currently approved for the treatment of multiple histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Initially developed as a small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, preclinical work indicates that pazopanib exerts an anticancer effect through the inhibition of both angiogenic and oncogenic signaling pathways. Following the establishment of optimal dosing and safety profiles in early phase studies and approval for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, pazopanib was investigated in STS. A landmark phase III randomized study demonstrated improved progression-free survival with pazopanib compared to that with placebo in pretreated patients with STS of various subtypes. The efficacy of pazopanib in specific STS subtypes has been further described in real-world-based case series in both mixed and subtype-specific STS cohorts. At present, there are no clinically validated predictive biomarkers for use in selecting patients with advanced STS for pazopanib therapy, limiting the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the drug. In this review, we summarize the preclinical and clinical data for pazopanib, outline the evidence base for its effect in STS and explore reported studies that have investigated putative biomarkers.
MALAT1 regulates the transcriptional and translational levels of proto-oncogene RUNX2 in colorectal cancer metastasis
Authors: Ji Qing , Cai Guoxiang , Liu Xuan , Zhang Yi , Wang Yan , Zhou Lihong , Sui Hua , Li Qi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEctopic expression of lncRNA-MALAT1 has been discovered in recurrent colorectal cancer (CRC) and metastatic sites in postsurgical patients, however, its biological mechanism remained unelucidated. Our study first revealed the novel roles of MALAT1 in promoting CRC metastasis through two mechanisms: first, MALAT1 binds miR-15 family members, to “de-inhibit” their effect on LRP6 expression, enhances β-catenin signaling, leading to elevated transcriptional levels of downstream target genes RUNX2. Second, MALAT1 binds SFPQ, and dissociates SFPQ/PTBP2 dimer to release free PTBP2, which elevates translational levels of RUNX2, through interacting with IRES domain in the 5′UTR of the corresponding RUNX2 mRNAs. Moreover, increased RUNX2 expression levels were detected in recurrent CRC tumors, which were closely associated with TMN stages, metastasis, as well as CRC patients’ survival. Our study demonstrated that MALAT1 and RUNX2 may serve as two biomarkers for predicting the recurrence and metastasis of CRC patients.
Environmental stress impairs photoreceptor outer segment (POS) phagocytosis and degradation and induces autofluorescent material accumulation in hiPSC-RPE cells
Authors: Dalvi Sonal , Galloway Chad A. , Winschel Lauren , Hashim Ali , Soto Celia , Tang Cynthia , MacDonald Leslie A. , Singh Ruchira 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRetinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell dysfunction is central to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of adult blindness. Aging, the single biggest risk factor for AMD development, favors increase in RPE autofluorescent material due to accumulation of POS-digestion by-products through lysosomal dysfunction and impaired POS degradation. Apart from aging, environmental agents affect lysosomal function in multiple model systems and are implicated in AMD. Iron (Fe) overload and cigarette smoke exposure are the two environmental factors that are known to affect the lysosomal pathway and impact RPE cell health. However, the impact of Fe and cigarette smoke, on POS processing and its consequence for autofluorescent material accumulation in human RPE cells are yet to be established. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived RPE, which phagocytoses and degrades POS in culture and can be derived from control individuals (no history/susceptibility for retinal disease), provides a model system to investigate the singular effect of excess Fe and/or cigarette smoke on POS processing by RPE cells. Using at least three distinct control hiPSC lines, we show that, compared to untreated hiPSC-RPE cells, POS uptake is reduced in both Fe (ferric ammonium citrate or FAC) and FAC + CSE (cigarette smoke extract)-treated hiPSC-RPE cells. Furthermore, exposure of hiPSC-RPE cultures to FAC + CSE leads to reduced levels of active cathepsin-D (CTSD), a lysosomal enzyme involved in POS processing, and causes delayed degradation of POS. Notably, delayed degradation of POS over time (2 weeks) in hiPSC-RPE cells exposed to Fe and CSE was sufficient to increase autofluorescent material build-up in these cells. Given that inefficient POS processing-mediated autofluorescent material accumulation in RPE cells has already been linked to AMD development, our results implicate a causative role of environmental agents, like Fe and cigarette smoke, in AMD.
Stochastic simulations reveal few green wave surfing populations among spring migrating herbivorous waterfowl
Authors: Wang Xin , Cao Lei , Fox Anthony D. , Fuller Richard , Griffin Larry , Mitchell Carl , Zhao Yunlin , Moon Oun-Kyong , Cabot David , Xu Zhenggang , Batbayar Nyambayar , Kölzsch Andrea , van der Jeugd Henk P. , Madsen Jesper , Chen Liding , Nathan Ran 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTracking seasonally changing resources is regarded as a widespread proximate mechanism underpinning animal migration. Migrating herbivores, for example, are hypothesized to track seasonal foliage dynamics over large spatial scales. Previous investigations of this green wave hypothesis involved few species and limited geographical extent, and used conventional correlation that cannot disentangle alternative correlated effects. Here, we introduce stochastic simulations to test this hypothesis using 222 individual spring migration episodes of 14 populations of ten species of geese, swans and dabbling ducks throughout Europe, East Asia, and North America. We find that the green wave cannot be considered a ubiquitous driver of herbivorous waterfowl spring migration, as it explains observed migration patterns of only a few grazing populations in specific regions. We suggest that ecological barriers and particularly human disturbance likely constrain the capacity of herbivorous waterfowl to track the green wave in some regions, highlighting key challenges in conserving migratory birds.
Draft genome of the big-headed turtle Platysternon megacephalum
Authors: Cao Dainan , Wang Meng , Ge Yan , Gong Shiping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe big-headed turtle, Platysternon megacephalum, as the sole member of the monotypic family Platysternidae, has a number of distinct characteristics including an extra-large head, long tail, flat carapace, and a preference for low water temperature environments. We performed whole genome sequencing, assembly, and gene annotation of an adult male big-headed turtle based on the Illumina HiSeq X genomic sequencing platform. We generated ~497.1 Gb of raw sequencing data (×208.9 depth) and produced a draft genome with a total length of 2.32 Gb and contig and scaffold N50 sizes of 41.8 kb and 7.22 Mb, respectively. We also identified 924 Mb (39.84%) of repetitive sequences, 25,995 protein-coding genes, and 19,177 non-coding RNAs. We generated the first de novo genome of the big-headed turtle; these data will be essential to the further understanding and exploration of the genomic innovations and molecular mechanisms contributing to its unique morphology and physiological features.
Combining hippocampal volume metrics to better understand Alzheimer’s disease progression in at-risk individuals
Authors: McRae-McKee K. , Evans S. , Hadjichrysanthou C. , Wong M. M. , de Wolf F. , Anderson R. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo date nearly all clinical trials of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapies have failed. These failures are, at least in part, attributable to poor endpoint choice and to inadequate recruitment criteria. Recently, focus has shifted to targeting at-risk populations in the preclinical stages of AD thus improved predictive markers for identifying individuals likely to progress to AD are crucial to help inform the sample of individuals to be recruited into clinical trials. We focus on hippocampal volume (HV) and assess the added benefit of combining HV and rate of hippocampal atrophy over time in relation to disease progression. Following the cross-validation of previously published estimates of the predictive value of HV, we consider a series of combinations of HV metrics and show that a combination of HV and rate of hippocampal atrophy characterises disease progression better than either measure individually. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the risk of disease progression associated with HV metrics does not differ significantly between clinical states. HV and rate of hippocampal atrophy should therefore be used in tandem when describing AD progression in at-risk individuals. Analyses also suggest that the effects of HV metrics are constant across the continuum of the early stages of the disease.
NO gas sensor based on ZnGa2O4 epilayer grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Wu Min-Ru , Li Wei-Zhong , Tung Chun-Yi , Huang Chiung-Yi , Chiang Yi-Hung , Liu Po-Liang , Horng Ray-Hua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA gas sensor based on a ZnGa2O4(ZGO) thin film grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition operated under the different temperature from 25 °C to 300 °C is investigated in this study. This sensor shows great sensing properties at 300 °C. The sensitivity of this sensor is 22.21 as exposed to 6.25 ppm of NO and its response time is 57 s. Besides that, the sensitivities are 1.18, 1.27, 1.06, and 1.00 when exposed to NO2(500 ppb), SO2 (125 ppm), CO (125 ppm), and CO2 (1500 ppm), respectively. These results imply that the ZGO gas sensor not only has high sensitivity, but also has great selectivity for NO gas. Moreover, the obtained results suggest that ZGO sensors are suitable for the internet of things(IOT) applications.
Li(Cd,Mn)P: a new cadmium based diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor with independent spin & charge doping
Authors: Han W. , Chen B. J. , Gu B. , Zhao G. Q. , Yu S. , Wang X. C. , Liu Q. Q. , Deng Z. , Li W. M. , Zhao J. F. , Cao L. P. , Peng Y. , Shen X. , Zhu X. H. , Yu R. C. , Maekawa S. , Uemura Y. J. , Jin C. Q. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report a new diluted ferromagnetic semiconductor Li1+y(Cd,Mn)P, wherein carrier is doped via excess Li while spin is doped by isovalence substitution of Mn2+ into Cd2+. The extended Cd 4d-orbitals lead to more itinerant characters of Li1+y(Cd,Mn)P than that of analogous Li1+y(Zn,Mn)P. A higher Curie temperature of 45 K than that for Li1+y(Zn,Mn)P is obtained in Li1+y(Cd,Mn)P polycrystalline samples by Arrott plot technique. The p-type carriers are determined by Hall effect measurements. The first principle calculations and X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that occupation of excess Li is at Cd sites rather than the interstitial site. Consequently holes are doped by excess Li substitution. More interestingly Li1+y(Cd,Mn)P shows a very low coercive field (<100 Oe) and giant negative magnetoresistance (~80%) in ferromagnetic state that will benefit potential spintronics applications.
Transposon insertion causes cadherin mis-splicing and confers resistance to Bt cotton in pink bollworm from China
Authors: Wang Ling , Wang Jintao , Ma Yuemin , Wan Peng , Liu Kaiyu , Cong Shengbo , Xiao Yutao , Xu Dong , Wu Kongming , Fabrick Jeffrey A. , Li Xianchun , Tabashnik Bruce E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are cultivated extensively, but rapid evolution of resistance by pests reduces their efficacy. We report a 3,370-bp insertion in a cadherin gene associated with resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in the pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella), a devastating global cotton pest. We found the allele (r15) harboring this insertion in a field population from China. The insertion is a miniature inverted repeat transposable element (MITE) that contains two additional transposons and produces two mis-spliced transcript variants (r15A and r15B). A strain homozygous for r15 had 290-fold resistance to Cry1Ac, little or no cross-resistance to Cry2Ab, and completed its life cycle on Bt cotton producing Cry1Ac. Inheritance of resistance was recessive and tightly linked with r15. For transformed insect cells, susceptibility to Cry1Ac was greater for cells producing the wild-type cadherin than for cells producing the r15 mutant proteins. Recombinant cadherin protein occurred on the cell surface in cells transformed with the wild-type or r15A sequences, but not in cells transformed with the r15B sequence. The similar resistance of pink bollworm to Cry1Ac in laboratory- and field-selected insects from China, India and the U.S. provides a basis for developing international resistance management practices.
An in vitro model of foam cell formation induced by a stretchable microfluidic device
Authors: Gu Xiaoyang , Xie Shijie , Hong Dandan , Ding Yongsheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough a variety of animal models of atherosclerosis have been developed, these models are time-consuming and costly. Here, we describe an in vitro model to induce foam cell formation in the early stage of atherosclerosis. This model is based on a three-dimension co-culture system in a stretchable microfluidic device. An elastic membrane embedded in the microfluidic device is capable of delivering nonuniform strain to vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and monocytes adhering thereto, which are intended to mimic the biological environment of blood vessels. Under low-density lipoprotein and stretch treatment, foam cell formation was successfully induced in co-culture with changes in mRNA and protein expression of some related key factors. Subsequently, the model was used to assess the inhibitory effect of atorvastatin on foam cell formation. The results obtained indicate that atorvastatin has a significantly dose-dependent inhibition of foam cell formation, which can be explained by the changes in mRNA and protein expression of the related factors. In principle, the model can be used to study the role of different types of cells in the formation of foam cells, as well as the evaluation of anti-atherosclerotic drugs.
Dynamics of Soil Respiration in Alpine Wetland Meadows Exposed to Different Levels of Degradation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Li Zhongfei , Gao Jixi , Wen Linqin , Zou Changxin , Feng Chaoyang , Li Daiqing , Xu Delin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of degradation of alpine wetland meadow on soil respiration (Rs) and the sensitivity of Rs to temperature (Q10) were measured in the Napa Lake region of Shangri-La on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Rs was measured for 24 h during each of three different stages of the growing season on four different degraded levels. The results showed: (1) peak Rs occurred at around 5:00 p.m., regardless of the degree of degradation and growing season stage, with the maximum Rs reaching 10.05 μmol·m−2·s−1 in non-degraded meadows rather than other meadows; (2) the daily mean Rs value was 7.14–7.86 μmol·m−2·s−1 during the mid growing season in non-degraded meadows, and declined by 48.4–62.6% when degradation increased to the severely degraded level; (3) Q10 ranged from 7.1–11.3 in non-degraded meadows during the mid growing season, 5.5–8.0 and 6.2–8.2 during the early and late growing seasons, respectively, and show a decline of about 50% from the non-degraded meadows to severely degraded meadows; (4) Rs was correlated significantly with soil temperature at a depth of 0–5 cm (p < 0.05) on the diurnal scale, but not at the seasonal scale; (5) significant correlations were found between Rs and soil organic carbon (SOC), between biomass and SOC, and between Q10 and Rs (p < 0.05), which indicates that biomass and SOC potentially impact Q10. The results suggest that vegetation degradation impact both Rs and Q10 significantly. Also, we speculated that Q10 of alpine wetland meadow is probable greater at the boundary region than inner region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and shoule be a more sensitive indicator in the studying of climate change in this zone.
The Differential Expression of Cide Family Members is Associated with Nafld Progression from Steatosis to Steatohepatitis
Authors: Sans Arnaud , Bonnafous Stéphanie , Rousseau Déborah , Patouraux Stéphanie , Canivet Clémence M. , Leclere Pierre S. , Tran-Van-Nhieu Jeanne , Luci Carmelo , Bailly-Maitre Béatrice , Xu Xu , Lee Ann-Hwee , Minehira Kaori , Anty Rodolphe , Tran Albert , Iannelli Antonio , Gual Philippe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImproved understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the progression from a “non-pathogenic” steatotic state to Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis is an important clinical requirement. The cell death-inducing DFF45 like effector (CIDE) family members (A, B and FSP27) regulate hepatic lipid homeostasis by controlling lipid droplet growth and/or VLDL production. However, CIDE proteins, particularly FSP27, have a dual role in that they also regulate cell death. We here report that the hepatic expression of CIDEA and FSP27 (α/β) was similarly upregulated in a dietary mouse model of obesity-mediated hepatic steatosis. In contrast, CIDEA expression decreased, but FSP27-β expression strongly increased in a dietary mouse model of steatohepatitis. The inverse expression pattern of CIDEA and FSP27β was amplified with the increasing severity of the liver inflammation and injury. In obese patients, the hepatic CIDEC2 (human homologue of mouse FSP27β) expression strongly correlated with the NAFLD activity score and liver injury. The hepatic expression of CIDEA tended to increase with obesity, but decreased with NAFLD severity. In hepatic cell lines, the downregulation of FSP27β resulted in the fractionation of lipid droplets, whereas its overexpression decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 marker. This, in turn, sensitized cells to apoptosis in response to TNF α and saturated fatty acid. Considered together, our animal, human and in vitro studies indicate that differential expression of FSP27β/CIDEC2 and CIDEA is related to NAFLD progression and liver injury.
Emergent gauge field and the Lifshitz transition of spin-orbit coupled bosons in one dimension
Authors: Cole William S. , Lee Junhyun , Mahmud Khan W. , Alavirad Yahya , Spielman I. B. , Sau Jay D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the presence of strong spin-independent interactions and spin-orbit coupling, we show that the spinor Bose liquid confined to one spatial dimension undergoes an interaction- or density-tuned quantum phase transition similar to one theoretically proposed for itinerant magnetic solid-state systems. The order parameter describes broken Z2 inversion symmetry, with the ordered phase accompanied by non-vanishing momentum which is generated by fluctuations of an emergent dynamical gauge field at the phase transition. This quantum phase transition has dynamical critical exponent z ≃ 2, typical of a Lifshitz transition, but is described by a nontrivial interacting fixed point. From direct numerical simulation of the microscopic model, we extract previously unknown critical exponents for this fixed point. Our model describes a realistic situation of 1D ultracold atoms with Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling, establishing this system as a platform for studying exotic critical behavior of the Hertz-Millis type.