bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Krankenhausaufenthalte aufgrund einer Störung der Geschlechtsidentität (ICD-10 F64) als Hauptdiagnose
Authors: Brunner F. , Reed G. M. , Nieder T. O. , Briken P. 
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung: Die Studie untersucht, (1) ob sich die Inanspruchnahme stationärer Krankenhausbehandlung aufgrund der Hauptdiagnose Geschlechtsidentitätsstörungen (ICD-10 F64) in den Jahren zwischen 2000 und 2015 verändert hat und (2) welchen Anteil psychiatrische, psychotherapeutische und psychosomatische Behandlungen ausmachen. Methode: Aus der Krankenhausstatistik des Statistischen Bundesamtes wurden die F64-Diagnosedaten analysiert. Ergebnisse: Die Fallzahlen von stationär behandelten Krankenhauspatienten mit einer F64 Hauptdiagnose haben sich von 2000 bis 2015 mehr als verdreifacht. Dieser Anstieg ist in den somatischen Fächern, insbesondere der Chirurgie, Gynäkologie und Urologie, zu verzeichnen. Die Behandlung von stationär aufgenommenen Patienten aufgrund einer F64 Hauptdiagnose in den psychosozialen Krankenhausabteilungen hat im gleichen Zeitraum abgenommen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Daten geben keinen Aufschluss über die Bedeutung der psychosozialen Fächer für die Versorgung von Transgender Personen, da diese hauptsächlich ambulant erfolgen dürfte. Die Ergebnisse zeigen jedoch, dass stationäre psychiatrische oder psychotherapeutische Behandlungen sehr selten sind, wohingegen in anderen Krankenhausabteilungen ein erheblicher Anstieg zu verzeichnen ist. Letzteres dürfte den Wandel sozialer Einstellungen und eine stärkere Integration von Transgender Gesundheitsversorgung widerspiegeln.
Behandlungsoptionen der prämenstruellen dysphorischen Störung – ein Update
Authors: Bergemann N. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEtwa 2–6% aller Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter leiden unter einer schweren Form des prämenstruellen Syndroms (PMS), der prämenstruellen dysphorischen Störung (PMDS). Hauptmerkmale sind affektive Labilität, Gereiztheit, depressive Verstimmung und emotionale Anspannung, aber zahlreiche weitere psychische und körperliche Beschwerden werden zur Diagnosestellung herangezogen. Sie treten zyklisch in der Woche vor der Menstruation auf und sistieren mit ihr oder kurz danach. Die Beschwerden führen zu einer erheblichen Beeinträchtigung im Beruf und im gesamten sozialen Leben der Betroffenen. Die Behandlung stellt eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung zwischen Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Gynäkologie dar. Neben supportiven Maßnahmen und kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Interventionen oder supplementären Maßnahmen werden Therapiestrategien mit verschiedenen pharmakologischen und hormonellen Interventionen eingesetzt. Sowohl für die psychopharmakologischen Behandlungsoptionen, insbesondere für die selektiven Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer (SSRI), als auch für hormonelle Therapien liegt gute Evidenz für ihre Wirksamkeit vor. Dennoch sind weitere Studien gefordert, um die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten weiter zu verbessern.
Marginal iron deficiency enhances liver triglyceride accumulation in rats fed a high-sucrose diet
Authors: Hori Shota , Hara Hiroshi , Ishizuka Satoshi 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
We investigated whether marginal iron-deficiency (MID) without anemia influences liver lipid accumulation in rats. Ingestion of a MID diet in which the iron concentration was half of AIN-93 formulation (iron-adequate, IA) for 3 weeks decreased liver iron concentration without anemia. We then evaluated the influence of the MID diet on liver lipid accumulation in combination with a high-sucrose (HS) diet and confirmed that the HS-MID diet successfully decreased liver iron concentration without anemia. Additionally, a significant increase in liver triglyceride concentration was found, accompanied by upregulation of hepatic fatty acid synthase expression in the rats fed the HS-MID diet compared to those in the rats fed an HS-IA diet, although no difference was observed in plasma transaminase activity and hepatic interleukin-1β expression. These results suggest that MID enhances de novo lipid synthesis via upregulation of lipogenic gene expression in combination with sucrose in the diet.
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HS, high sucrose; IA, iron adequate; ID, iron deficiency; MID, marginal irondeficiency; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Bilateral comparisons of air kerma and absorbed dose to water standards in 60Co radiation beams for radiotherapy and air kerma standards in 137Cs radiation beams for radiation protection between BEV (Austria) and VINS (Serbia) [EURAMET.RI(I)-K1.2, K4.2 and K5.1)
Authors: Steurer Andreas , Tiefenboeck Wilhelm , Lazarevic Djordje , Zivanovic Milos 
Published: September 2018

A bilateral comparison of standards for absorbed dose to water and air kerma of the Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen (BEV), Austria, and of the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences (VINS), Serbia, has been carried out. It was performed for air kerma and for absorbed dose to water in 60Co radiation beams and for air kerma in 137Cs radiation beams.
Transfer standards for air kerma and absorbed dose to water were exchanged by the participants. The participants determined the calibration coefficients of the transfer standards through comparison with their national standards in their respective 60Co and 137Cs beams.
The ratios of the calibration coefficients for the BEV and VINS transfer standards were calculated. The results were 0.9990 for absorbed dose to water in a 60Co beam at therapy level, 1.0004 for air kerma in a 60Co beam at therapy level, and 0.9926 for air kerma in a 137Cs beam at radiation protection level.
A connection to the key comparison data base (KCDB) is given as the results are linked to the key comparisons between the BEV and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in 2009. Detailed uncertainty budgets and graphical presentations are also included.
The project has been registered in the BIPM key Comparison Data Base (KCDB) as three different comparisons:
– EURAMET.RI(I)-K1.2: Air Kerma measured in 60Co radiation beams
– EURAMET.RI(I)-K4.2: Absorbed Dose to Water measured in 60Co radiation beams
– EURAMET.RI(I)-K5.1: Air Kerma measured in 137Cs radiation beams
KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH
Dosimetry, comparison, air kerma, absorbed dose to water, Austria, Serbia, EURAMET, ionizing radiation, CIPM MRA, BIPM KCDB

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
General practitioners’ attitudes and decision making regarding admission for older adults with infection: a UK qualitative interview study
Authors: Moore Abigail , Croxson Caroline , McKelvie Sara , Lasserson Dan , Hayward Gail 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
The world has an ageing population. Infection is common in older adults; serious infection has a high mortality rate and is associated with unplanned admissions. In the UK, general practitioners (GPs) must identify which older patients require admission to hospital and provide appropriate care and support for those staying at home.

Objectives
To explore attitudes of UK GPs towards referring older patients with suspected infection to hospital, how they weigh up the decision to admit against the alternatives and how alternatives to admission could be made more effective.
Methods. Qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. GPs were purposively sampled from across the UK to achieve maximum variation in terms of GP role, experience and practice population. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed using a modified framework approach.

Results
GPs’ key influences on decision making were grouped into patient, GP and system factors. Patient factors included clinical factors, social factors and shared decision making. GP factors included gut instinct, risk management and acknowledging an associated personal emotional burden. System factors involved weighing up the pressure on secondary care beds against increasing GP workload. GPs described that finding an alternative to admission could be more time consuming, complex to arrange or were restricted by lack of capacity.

Conclusion
GPs need to be empowered to make safe decisions about place of care for older adults with suspected infection. This may mean developing strategies to support decision making as well as improving the ease of access to, and capacity of, any alternatives to admission.
Cash transfers and the social determinants of health: a conceptual framework
Authors: Owusu-Addo Ebenezer , Renzaho Andre M N , Smith Ben J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Cash transfers (CTs) can play a significant role in tackling the social determinants of health (SDoH), but to date there is a lack of conceptual framework for understanding CTs linkages to the SDoH. This article proposes a framework that identifies the linkages between CTs and SDoH, discusses its implications, and argues for active involvement of health promoters in CT design, implementation and evaluation. The development of the framework followed two stages: evidence review and stakeholder involvement. The evidence review entailed a systematic literature search to identify published and unpublished impact evaluation studies of CTs in sub-Saharan Africa. Critical reflection on the evidence synthesized from the literature formed the basis for the development of the framework. Interviews with CT policy makers, managers and development partners were also carried out to help refine the framework. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcripts were analysed using thematic framework analysis. The study finds that there is limited recognition of SDoH in CT policy making and implementation. The evidence reviewed, however, points to strong impacts of CTs on SDoH. The framework thus conceptualizes how CTs work to influence a broad range of SDoH and health inequities. It also highlights how CT architecture and contexts may influence program impacts. The proposed framework can be used by policy makers to guide CT design, adaptation and operations, and by program managers and researchers to inform CTs’ evaluations, respectively. The framework suggests that to optimize CT impact on SDoH and reduce health inequities, health promoters should be actively engaged in terms of the programs design, implementation and evaluation.
Panel Effects: Do the Reports of Panel Respondents Get Better or Worse over Time?
Authors: Sun Hanyu , Tourangeau Roger , Presser Stanley 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
It is well established that taking part in earlier rounds of a panel survey can affect how respondents answer questions in later rounds. It is less clear, however, whether panel participation affects the quality of the data that respondents provide. We examined two panels to investigate how participation affects several indicators of data quality—including straightlining, item missing data, scale reliabilities, and differences in item functioning over time—and to test the hypotheses that it is less educated and older respondents who mainly account for any panel effects. The two panels were the GfK Knowledge Panel, in which some respondents completed up to four rounds measuring their attitudes toward terrorism and ways to counter terrorism, and the General Social Survey (GSS), in which respondents completed up to three rounds with an omnibus set of questions. The two panels differ sharply in terms of response rates and the level of prior survey experience of the respondents. Most of our comparisons are within-respondent, comparing the answers panel members gave in earlier rounds with those they gave in later rounds, but we also confirm the main results using between-subject comparisons. We find little evidence that respondents gave either better or worse data over time in either panel and little support for either the education or age hypotheses.
Light element variations in globular clusters via nucleosynthesis in black hole accretion discs
Authors: Breen Philip G 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Ancient globular clusters contain multiple stellar populations identified by variations in light elements (e.g. C, N, O, Na). Although many scenarios have been suggested to explain this phenomenon, all are faced with challenges when compared with all the observational evidence. In this Letter, we propose a new scenario in which light element variations originate from nucleosynthesis in accretion discs around black holes. Since the black holes form after a few Myrs, the cluster is expected to still be embedded in a gas-rich environment. Through a simplified accretion model, we show that the correct light element anticorrelations can be produced. Assuming a Kroupa stellar initial mass function, each black hole would only have to process ≈300 M⊙ of material in order to explain multiple populations; over a period of 3 Myr this corresponds to ∼10−4 M⊙ yr−1 (similar to the estimated accretion rate for the X-ray binary SS 433).
Early Urinary Catheter Removal Following Pelvic Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Patel Devin N. , Felder Seth I. , Luu Michael , Daskivich Timothy J. , N. Zaghiyan Karen , Fleshner Phillip 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Because of the potential increased incidence of acute urinary retention, optimal timing of urinary catheter removal after major pelvic colorectal surgery remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
This study aims to compare the incidence of urinary retention following early catheter removal on postoperative day 1 vs standard catheter removal on day 3.

DESIGN:
This is a randomized, noninferiority trial.

SETTING:
This study was conducted at an urban teaching hospital.

PATIENTS:
Patients undergoing colorectal surgery below the peritoneal reflection were selected.

INTERVENTIONS:
A 1:1 randomization to early or standard catheter removal was performed. Patients in the early arm were administered an α-antagonist (prazosin 1 mg oral) 6 hours before catheter removal.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The primary outcome measured was the incidence of acute urinary retention.

RESULTS:
One hundred forty-two patients were randomly assigned to early (n = 71) or standard (n = 71) catheter removal. Mean age was 44.8 ± 16.9 years, and the study cohort included 54% men. The most common operations were IPAA (66%) and low anterior resection (18%). The overall rate of retention was 9.2% (n = 13), with no difference between early (n = 6; 8.5%) or standard (n = 7; 9.9%) catheter removal (RR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.30–2.42). The risk difference was –1.4% (95% CI, –8.3 to 11.1), confirming noninferiority. The rate of infection was significantly lower in early vs standard catheter removal (0% vs 11.3%; p = 0.01). Length of stay was significantly shorter after early vs standard catheter removal (4 days, interquartile range = 3–6 vs 5 days, interquartile range = 4–7; p = 0.03).

LIMITATIONS:
Patients and investigators were not blinded; a nonselective oral α-antagonist was used.

CONCLUSIONS:
Following pelvic colorectal surgery, early urinary catheter removal, when combined with the addition of an oral α-antagonist, is noninferior to standard urinary catheter removal and carries a lower risk of symptomatic infection and shorter hospital stay. Clinical Trial Registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01923129). See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A738.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CHOROIDAL CAVERNS AND CHOROIDAL VASCULAR HYPERPERMEABILITY IN EYES WITH PACHYCHOROID DISEASES
Authors: Sakurada Yoichi , Leong Belinda C. S. , Parikh Ravi , Fragiotta Serena , Freund K. Bailey 
Published: September 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the association between choroidal caverns, choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH), and pachyvessels in eyes with pachychoroid disease.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of swept-source optical coherence tomography and indocyanine green angiography imaging performed on eyes with pachychoroid disease.

Results:
Imaging from 21 eyes with pachychoroid disease entities (8 eyes with pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, 11 eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy, and 3 eyes with pachychoroid neovasculopathy) from 11 patients (mean 49.5 years, male/female: 10/1, all white) was available for review. In all study eyes, pachyvessels traversed the areas of CVH visible in mid- and late-phase indocyanine green angiography. A total of 504 choroidal caverns were identified in 11 study eyes (52%). Of the 504 choroidal caverns, 445 (88%) were seen within the areas of CVH compared with 59 (12%), which were detected outside the areas of CVH (P < 0.001). Eyes with multiple caverns had an increased choroidal thickness when compared with eyes with ≤1 cavern (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Choroidal caverns, found primarily in the areas of indocyanine green angiography CVH traversed by pachyvessels, were detected in 52% of eyes with pachychoroid disease. The presence of choroidal caverns in these cases may indicate a loss of normal choroidal architecture associated with dilated Haller layer veins and increased choroidal thickness.
Effect of Multiple Sclerosis on Dyadic Adjustment
Authors: Hacivelioğlu Dilek , Tavşanli Nurgül Güngör , Kosova Funda , Mavioğlu Hatice 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study examines the dyadic adjustment of married men and women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: This cross-sectional study consists of 40 patients with MS who were married and being followed in the neurology clinic of a university hospital. Data collection was performed by face-to-face interviews with only the participant and the researcher present. The participants filled in the Expanded Disability Status Scale, a sociodemographic form, and a dyadic adjustment scale. Results: The study group was 75% male, with age ranging from 27 to 65 years (mean, 44.40 ± 9.31 years). Expanded Disability Status Scale scores ranged from 0 to 7 (mean, 3.25 ± 1.94); 95% of the subjects were having relapses and remissions. Scores for patients with MS who were not considering divorce were statistically significantly higher than patients with MS who were considering divorce for dyadic adjustment (z = 3.845, P = .000), common view (z = 2.336, P = .020), endearment (z = 2.701, P = .007), and total scores (z = 3.399, P = .001). Conclusion: Most of the patients with MS who participated in this study were diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS with a mean Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 3, indicating that patients had the physical ability to perform routine activities. The total dyadic adjustment scale score (107.7) is above average, indicating that dyadic adjustment was at a good level.
Genitoanal Injury in Sexually Assaulted Adult Women
Authors: Suttipasit Papanu 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Sexual assault persists as a global problem. Even when sexual assault does not result in obvious visible wounds, genitoanal injury must be evaluated because it is often pertinent for legal outcomes. Macroscopic (“naked eye”) examination is valuable when colposcope is not available or when patients do not consent. This study reviewed the genitoanal injuries of 117 sexually assaulted adult women evaluated macroscopically. Genitoanal injury prevalence was 47%, and nongenitoanal injury prevalence was at 44%. The most common injury type was abrasion, and the most common site was posterior fourchette. Most injury patterns were singular. The number of women who did not report a history of sexual intercourse in the sample and usage of fingers/palm during assault may have affected pattern and/or injury type. There was a significant relationship between hymenal old tear below the 3- to 9-o'clock area and prior sexual intercourse. Factors related to genitoanal injury were prior sexual intercourse, vaginal delivery, and spermatozoa detection. In conclusion, all sexually assaulted women should be encouraged to have a pelvic examination: nothing overtly visible does not mean that nothing happened.
Postmortem Hyperthermia
Authors: Angélique Franchi , Guillaume Gauchotte , Nicolas Gambier , Jean Sébastien Raul , Laurent Martrille 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this daily practice, the forensic pathologist is rarely confronted with postmortem hyperthermia associated with the rapid onset of rigor mortis. We report 2 similar cases where the rectal temperature value taken during the on-scene investigations by the forensic pathologist was greater than 40°C (104°F) in both cases, and rigor mortis was complete within less than 6 hours postmortem. The first case was due to a deadly intoxication by ecstasy and the second one to the deadly association of methadone and a possible neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Infection-related deaths were eliminated. Thus, the association of postmortem hyperthermia and rapid-onset rigor mortis would suggest in the first hypothesis a toxic death, particularly 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. However, an autopsy and toxicological analysis are necessary to confirm the cause of death.
Porous Polyethylene Implant Associated With Delayed Orbital Complications and Osteomyelitis After Orbital Reconstruction
Authors: Suh Su Youn , Yeom Jeong A. , Ahn Jung Hyo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Orbital implants are commonly used to repair orbital blowout fractures, to restore the functional and anatomical structure of the orbit. Porous polyethylene implants are a type of alloplastic implant and are widely used for orbital reconstruction as micropores facilitate the growth of fibers and blood vessels through the material. Rare complications associated with porous polyethylene implants used to treat blowout fractures include delayed orbital inflammation and osteomyelitis. The authors describe a 68-year-old man who presented with a 5-year delayed porous polyethylene implant infection and cicatricial ectropion with osteomyelitis after an orbital blowout fracture repair. The patient underwent surgery to incision and drainage of orbital abscess with ectropion correction surgery. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics for 6 weeks due to osteomyelitis and made a good recovery.
Relationship Between EEG Electrode and Functional Cortex in the International 10 to 20 System
Authors: Ives-Deliperi Victoria L. , Butler James Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Introduction:
In this study, we attempted to define the variability in the anatomical relationship between scalp EEG electrodes and eloquent cortical function, as inferred from fMRI.

Methods:
MRI-compatible fiducial markers were positioned at locations of CZ, C3 and C4, T3 and T4, and F7 and F8 in 10 healthy subjects. Well-validated fMRI paradigms were administered to activate primary motor cortex and language regions, and the distance between these brain regions and fiducial markers was measured.

Results:
C3/C4, Cz, F8/F7, and T3/T4 were located 16 to 42 mm from the BOLD signal in the primary motor cortex for the contralateral hand and foot, and anterior and posterior language areas, 11 to 21 mm of which was the distance from the skin to the underlying cortex.

Conclusions:
There is considerable variation in the distance between the fMRI-defined primary motor and language cortex and the most contiguous electrode. This distance likely underestimates the true variability of electrode placement in relation to eloquent cortex in people with epilepsy or structural brain disorders. Because the evidence indicates that spikes on scalp EEG reflect discharges from the cortex that is of the order of 3 cm by 3 cm or greater in size, the demonstrated variability of electrode placement in relation to the cortex may be clinically and surgically important in individual patients.