bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Algoritma Genetika Pada Permasalahan Matematika
Authors: Andhyka Awang 
Published: November 2018

Algoritma genetika merupakan salah satu cara mengoptimasi dalam mencari hasil dari suatu permasalahan. Algoritma terdiri dari fungsi yang harus diselesaikan dengan nilai random awal, yang kemudian dilakukan pertukaran yang disebut mutasi dan crossover. Dalam penyelesaiannya, algoritma genetika mempunyai fungsi rate pada random dan rate kawin silang sehingga tidak semua individu awal hasil random dilakukan pertukaran atau persilangan, serta dapat untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam matematika seperti kuadarat, liner, dan lain lain. Banyak sekali cara atau tool yang tersedia, akan tetapi yang digunakan pada paper ini adalah menggunakan matlab dengan dilakukan secara manual, dalam arti tidak menggunakan tools yang ada sehingga hasil crossover dan mutation serta gen dalam persilangan dapat di ketahui. Perbedaan nilai dalam rate mutasi dan rate crossover sangat berpengrauh dalam penyelesaian pada algoritma genetika, jika nilai rate lebih dari 1, maka dapat menyebabkan banyak individu awal hilang yang berakibat tidak adanya solusi yang ditemukan. Begitu juga dengan popsize, yang merupakan nilai awal yang dihasilkan secara random acak, semakin banyak popsize, maka peluang untuk menyelesaikan sebuah permasalahan menjadi lebih besar.
Implementing FAST Method on the Development of Object-Oriented Cooperative Information Systems
Authors: Azmi Meri , Sonatha Yance , Asri Ervan , Rasyidah - , Putra Dwi Sudarno 
Published: November 2018

Cooperative is one form of businesses that is widely known as people concern and has a legal entity. In helping its members, the cooperative embraces familial value principle and mutual cooperation for the common social welfare. In carrying out its duties and functions, the cooperative requires an accurate and accountable recording. However, currently there are still many cooperatives performing their recording manually. Therefore, an information systems is needed in assisting the cooperative management in term of this recording. This research developed an object-oriented cooperative information systems using FAST method. Its purpose is to develop a cooperative information systems that can facilitate itsÂ administrators in order to record the data through information systems-based, so the inaccuracy in recording, and loss of important data and archives can be avoided. Its result is a system that has been implemented into a cooperative. Hence, the information systems is developed using Java Programming language and MySQL database. From the system testing results shows that this information systems is capable in processing the accounting data associated with savings and loan transactions automatically, and produce information in the form of managerial and financial reports.
Apoptosis as a mechanism of the albumin-induced kidney damage in childhood nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Burlaka Ie.A. , Bagdasarova I.V. 
Published: November 2018

It was shown previously on in vivo studies that proteinuria-induced effects play a crucial role in renal damage in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, an initial mechanism of irreversible kidney damage in pediatric diseases characterized by chronic proteinuria, i.e. nephrotic syndrome, remains to be unclear.
The aim of our work was to study the initial mechanism of kidney cells apoptosis development in nephrotic children.
Methods.An examination of renal biopsies of 53 patients (aged 10 to 15 years) with nephrotic syndrome hospitalized in Pediatric Nephrology unit of the Children Clinical Hospital №7 (Kyiv, Ukraine) done. In vitro studies of albumin toxicity performed on rat proximal tubular cells in primary culture (RPTC).
Results. Our study showed that albumin overload in nephrotic children leads to high levels of apoptosis. Its distribution and level varies regarding the level of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The progression of sclerosis as a sign of irreversible kidney damage is accompanied by gradual increase in expression of proapoptotic factor Bax.
In vitro studies on rat proximal tubular cells in primary culture (RPTC) showed that excessive albumin uptake into rat primary renal cells causes an almost immediate mitochondrial accumulation of the apoptotic factor Bax. We hypothesize that this might be initial pathway leading to kidney cells apoptosis in childhood nephrotic syndrome.
Conclusions. We show thatoverexpression of apoptotic factor Bax has a place in children with nephrotic syndrome. Thus, chronic influence of albumin is a factor predisposing disturbances in system controlling apoptosis in this cohort of patients. Our data demonstrate that there is a dependence between the Bax overexpression level and the stage of CKD. We show the topologic difference between the Bax levels and FSGS degree. This is an indication thatdevelopment of glomerular and tubule-interstitial disorders under the influence of proteinuria occurs in specific range. In vitro data demonstrate that albumin overload causes mitochondrial Bax translocation that could be an initial factor in apoptotic pathway activation.
Evaluation of a Patient Experience Tool in Dietetic Practice: Validation and Clinical Usage of the Assessment of Registered Dietitian Care Survey (ARCS)
Authors: Fielding Allison , Taylor Lorian M. , Moriartey Stephanie , Stadynk Janet 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: The study aim was to evaluate a patient experience survey, the Assessment of Registered Dietitian Care Survey (ARCS), that is aligned with a nutrition counselling approach (NCA) and evidence-based chronic disease care for use in outpatient registered dietitian (RD) practice.Methods: Criterion and construct validity were examined using Pearson correlation coefficients and principal components analyses, respectively. Reliability was examined using Pearson correlations and Cronbach’s α. Acceptability was evaluated by survey response rate and readability. Kruskall–Wallis test was used to detect differences between RD scores.Results: A total of 479 survey packages were returned (46% response rate). Criterion validity indices were high (r = 0.91 and 0.94, P < 0.001) between Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) and NCA subscales, respectively, and lower with overall patient satisfaction (r = 0.63–0.65, P < 0.001). Construct validity revealed 2 factors for PACIC and NCA subscales. There was high internal reliability for the PACIC, 5As, and NCA (Cronbach’s α > 0.7) and test–retest reliability showed an adequate consistency over time (r = 0.70, P < 0.05). The tool was able to detect differences in scores between RDs (P < 0.05).Conclusions: More research is warranted to explore ceiling effects and sensitivity to intervention in similar practice settings. The NCA subscale has acceptable reliability and validity to measure patient experience of RD care.
Are Dietitians Documenting Malnutrition Based on Subjective Global Assessment Category?
Authors: da Silva Liz , Edmunds Christina , Grossman Talise , Kelly Lynn , Nattrass Cathryn , Saran Delara 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: This study reports on dietitian use of the Nutrition Care Process Terminology (NCPT) diagnosis of malnutrition based on Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). Methods: Nutrition assessment reports for adults in medical, surgical, and cardiac units in 13 Canadian hospitals were retrospectively examined for a 6-week period in 2014. Reports with a SGA and NCPT diagnosis were included regardless of why the patient was seen by the dietitian. Results: Of the 932 nutrition assessment reports, 857 (92%) included an SGA. Based on SGA, the prevalence of mild to moderate malnutrition (SGA B) and severe malnutrition (SGA C) was 53.4% (n = 458) and 10.0% (n = 86), respectively. When categorized as severely malnourished, the most common NCPT diagnoses were “malnutrition” (n = 55, 72.4%), “inadequate oral intake” (n = 11, 14.5%), and “inadequate protein-energy intake” (n = 10,13.1%). Among those with SGA B and C, the assignment of the NCPT malnutrition diagnosis was 19.8% (n = 95). Conclusions: Dietitians play a key role in the prevention, identification, and treatment of malnutrition in the hospitalized patient and are well positioned to take a leadership role in improving its documentation. Ongoing audits, staff support, and training regarding NCPT use may improve the application of the malnutrition diagnosis. Future research examining dietitian barriers to using the malnutrition diagnosis would be valuable.
Analysis of high-frequency PbtO2 measures in traumatic brain injury: insights into the treatment threshold
Authors: Hirschi Ryan , Hawryluk Gregory W. J. , Nielson Jessica L. , Huie J. Russell , Zimmermann Lara L. , Saigal Rajiv , Ding Quan , Ferguson Adam R. , Manley Geoffrey 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEBrain tissue hypoxia is common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Technology now exists that can detect brain hypoxia and guide corrective therapy. Current guidelines for the management of severe TBI recommend maintaining partial pressure of brain tissue oxygen (PbtO2) > 15–20 mm Hg; however, uncertainty persists as to the optimal treatment threshold. The object of this study was to better inform the relationship between PbtO2 values and outcome for patients with TBI.METHODSPbtO2 measurements were prospectively and automatically collected every minute from consecutive patients admitted to the San Francisco General Hospital neurological ICU during a 6-year period. Mean PbtO2 values in TBI patients as well as the proportion of PbtO2 values below each of 75 thresholds between 0 mm Hg and 75 mm Hg over various epochs up to 30 days from the time of admission were analyzed. Patient outcomes were determined using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The authors explored putative treatment thresholds by generating 675 separate receiver operating characteristic curves and 675 generalized linear models to examine each 1–mm Hg threshold for various epochs.RESULTSA total of 1,380,841 PbtO2 values were recorded in 190 TBI patients. A high proportion of PbtO2 measures were below 20 mm Hg irrespective of the examined epoch. Time below treatment thresholds was more strongly associated with outcome than mean PbtO2. A treatment window was suggested: a threshold of 19 mm Hg most robustly distinguished patients by outcome, especially from days 3–5; however, benefit was suggested from maintaining values at least as high as 33 mm Hg.CONCLUSIONSThis analysis of high-frequency physiological data substantially informs the relationship between PbtO2 values and outcome. The results suggest a therapeutic window for PbtO2 in TBI patients along with minimum and preferred PbtO2 treatment thresholds, which may be examined in future studies. Traditional treatment thresholds that have the strongest association with outcome may not be optimal.
Cerebral revascularization for the management of complex intracranial aneurysms: a single-center experience
Authors: Nussbaum Eric S. , Kallmes Kevin M. , Lassig Jeffrey P. , Goddard James K. , Madison Michael T. , Nussbaum Leslie A. 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEBecause simple intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are increasingly treated endovascularly, neurovascular surgery has become focused on complex IAs that may require deconstructive aneurysm therapy with concomitant surgical bypass. The authors describe the decision-making process concerning cerebral revascularization and present outcomes that were achieved in a large case series of complex IAs managed with cerebral revascularization and parent artery occlusion.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records, including neuroimaging studies, operative reports, and follow-up clinic notes, of all patients who were treated at the National Brain Aneurysm Center between July 1997 and June 2015 using cerebral revascularization as part of the management of an IA. They recorded the location, rupture status, and size of each IA, as well as neurological outcome using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), aneurysm and bypass status at follow-up, and morbidity and mortality.RESULTSThe authors identified 126 patients who underwent revascularization surgery for 126 complex, atheromatous, calcified, or previously coiled aneurysms. Ninety-seven lesions (77.0%) were unruptured, and 99 (78.6%) were located in the anterior circulation. Aneurysm size was giant (≥ 25 mm) in 101 patients, large (10–24 mm) in 9, and small (≤ 9 mm) in 16 patients. Eighty-four low-flow bypasses were performed in 83 patients (65.9%). High-flow bypass was performed in 32 patients (25.4%). Eleven patients (8.7%) underwent in situ or intracranial-intracranial bypasses. Major morbidity (mRS score 4 or 5) occurred in 2 (2.4%) low-flow cases and 3 (9.1%) high-flow cases. Mortality occurred in 2 (2.4%) low-flow cases and 2 (6.1%) high-flow cases. At the 12-month follow-up, 83 (98.8%) low-flow and 30 (93.8%) high-flow bypasses were patent. Seventy-five patients (90.4%) undergoing low-flow and 28 (84.8%) high-flow bypasses had an mRS score ≤ 2. There were no statistically significant differences in patency rates or complications between low- and high-flow bypasses.CONCLUSIONSWhen treating challenging and complex IAs, incorporating revascularization strategies into the surgical repertoire may contribute to achieving favorable outcomes. In our series, low-flow bypass combined with isolated proximal or distal parent artery occlusion was associated with a low rate of ischemic complications while providing good long-term aneurysm control, potentially supporting its wider utilization in this setting. The authors suggest that consideration should be given to managing complex IAs at high-volume centers that offer a multidisciplinary team approach and the full spectrum of surgical and endovascular treatment options to optimize patient outcomes.
Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells for protection against brainstem infarction in a persistent basilar artery occlusion model in the adult rat
Authors: Namioka Ai , Namioka Takahiro , Sasaki Masanori , Kataoka-Sasaki Yuko , Oka Shinichi , Nakazaki Masahito , Onodera Rie , Suzuki Junpei , Sasaki Yuichi , Nagahama Hiroshi , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Honmou Osamu 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEMorbidity and mortality in patients with posterior circulation stroke remains an issue despite advances in acute stroke therapies. The intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) elicits therapeutic efficacy in experimental supratentorial stroke models. However, since there are few reliable animal models of ischemia in the posterior circulation, the therapeutic approach with intravenous MSC infusion has not been tested. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that intravenously infused MSCs provide functional recovery in a newly developed model of brainstem infarction in rats.METHODSBasilar artery (BA) occlusion (BAO) was established in rats by selectively ligating 4 points of the proximal BA with 10-0 nylon monofilament suture. The intravenous infusion of MSCs was performed 1 day after BAO induction. MRI and histological examinations were performed to assess ischemic lesion volume, while multiple behavioral tests were performed to evaluate functional recovery.RESULTSThe MSC-treated group exhibited a greater reduction in ischemic lesion volume, while behavioral testing indicated that the MSC-infused group had greater improvement than the vehicle group 28 days after the MSC infusion. Accumulated infused MSCs were observed in the ischemic brainstem lesion.CONCLUSIONSInfused MSCs may provide neuroprotection to facilitate functional outcomes and reduce ischemic lesion volume as evaluated in a newly developed rat model of persistent BAO.
Simulation workshops as an adjunct to perioperative care bundles in the management of external ventricular drains: improving surgical technique and reducing infection
Authors: Dasgupta Debayan , D’Antona Linda , Aimone Cat Daniel , Toma Ahmed K. , Curtis Carmel , Watkins Laurence D. , Thorne Lewis 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVETemporary CSF diversion through an external ventricular drain (EVD) comes with the risk of EVD-related infections (ERIs). The incidence of ERIs varies from 0.8% to 22%. ERIs increase mortality, morbidity, length of stay, and costs; require prolonged courses of antibiotics; and increase the need for subsequent permanent CSF diversion. The authors report the results of a quality improvement project designed to improve infection rates and EVD placement using simulation training in addition to a standardized perioperative care bundle. This project resulted not only in a decrease in ERIs, but also a significant improvement in surgical outcomes.METHODSA best-practice standardized perioperative approach and care bundle was approved by consensus among the senior neurosurgeons at the authors’ institution, and a standardized operative note was designed to encourage adherence to policy and improve documentation. This approach was adapted from the bundle previously described by Kubilay et al. Simulation workshops were introduced to teach safe sampling technique, administration of intrathecal drugs, and a standardized operative technique using the Rowena head surgical model. Effects of the interventions on placement, infection rates, and displacement were measured at two distinct time points over a 2-year period.RESULTSBaseline audits demonstrated satisfactory EVD placement in 74%, an infection rate of 8.5%, and displacement occurring in 20%. In the 2 years following the interventions, satisfactory placement improved to 96%, infection rate fell to 4.8%, and inadvertent displacement occurred in only 1.7%.CONCLUSIONSSimulation training and standardizing the perioperative care of patients requiring EVDs dramatically improved placement accuracy, reduced infection rates, and reduced EVD displacement rate.
Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells promotes functional recovery in a rat model of chronic cerebral infarction
Authors: Namioka Takahiro , Namioka Ai , Sasaki Masanori , Kataoka-Sasaki Yuko , Oka Shinichi , Nakazaki Masahito , Onodera Rie , Suzuki Junpei , Sasaki Yuichi , Nagahama Hiroshi , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Honmou Osamu 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEIntravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adult bone marrow improves behavioral function in rat models of cerebral infarction. Although clinical studies are ongoing, most studies have focused on the acute or subacute phase of stroke. In the present study, MSCs derived from bone marrow of rats were intravenously infused 8 weeks after the induction of a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to investigate whether delayed systemic injection of MSCs improves functional outcome in the chronic phase of stroke in rats.METHODSEight weeks after induction of the MCAO, the rats were randomized and intravenously infused with either MSCs or vehicle. Ischemic volume and behavioral performance were examined. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity was assessed by quantifying the leakage of Evans blue into the brain parenchyma after intravenous infusion. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed to evaluate the stability of the BBB.RESULTSMotor recovery was better in the MSC-treated group than in the vehicle-treated group, with rapid improvement (evident at 1 week post-infusion). In MSC-treated rats, reduced BBB leakage and increased microvasculature/repair and neovascularization were observed.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that the systemic infusion of MSCs results in functional improvement, which is associated with structural changes in the chronic phase of cerebral infarction, including in the stabilization of the BBB.
Minimal PaO2 threshold after traumatic brain injury and clinical utility of a novel brain oxygenation ratio
Authors: Dellazizzo Laura , Demers Simon-Pierre , Charbonney Emmanuel , Williams Virginie , Serri Karim , Albert Martin , Giguère Jean-François , Laroche Mathieu , Williamson David , Bernard Francis 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVEAvoiding decreases in brain tissue oxygenation (PbtO2) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important. How best to adjust PbtO2 remains unclear. The authors investigated the association between partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and PbtO2 to determine the minimal PaO2 required to maintain PbtO2 above the hypoxic threshold (> 20 mm Hg), accounting for other determinants of PbtO2 and repeated measurements in the same patient. They also explored the clinical utility of a novel concept, the brain oxygenation ratio (BOx ratio = PbtO2/PaO2) to detect overtreatment with the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2).METHODSA retrospective cohort study at an academic level 1 trauma center included 38 TBI patients who required the insertion of a monitor to measure PbtO2. Various determinants of PbtO2 were collected simultaneously whenever a routine arterial blood gas was drawn. A PbtO2/PaO2 ratio was calculated for each blood gas and plotted over time for each patient. All patients were managed according to a standardized clinical protocol. A mixed effects model was used to account for repeated measurements in the same patient.RESULTSA total of 1006 data points were collected. The lowest mean PaO2 observed to maintain PbtO2 above the ischemic threshold was 94 mm Hg. Only PaO2 and cerebral perfusion pressure were predictive of PbtO2 in multivariate analysis. The PbtO2/PaO2 ratio was below 0.15 in 41.7% of all measures and normal PbtO2 values present despite an abnormal ratio in 27.1% of measurements.CONCLUSIONSThe authors’ results suggest that the minimal PaO2 target to ensure adequate cerebral oxygenation during the first few days after TBI should be higher than that suggested in the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines. The use of a PbtO2/PaO2 ratio (BOx ratio) may be clinically useful and identifies abnormal O2 delivery mechanisms (cerebral blood flow, diffusion, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen) despite normal PbtO2.