bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actors and Their Networks: Scope for Adaptation to and Contestation of Global Norms for Refugee Protection
Authors: Brumat Leiza , Geddes Andrew , Pettrachin Andrea 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter analyses the extent of differential incorporation at domestic level of global norms and standards for asylum-seekers and refugees in Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Jordan, South Africa and Türkiye. The chapter identifies sources of variation and their effects on domestic level responses to global norms and standards associated with refugee protection. The Chapter identifies four potential domestic-level responses to global norms and standards: adoption, adaptation, resistance and rejection. It then provides empirical evidence combining network analysis supplemented by interviews with 99 elite actors in the six case countries with interviewees defined by their leadership role in relation to asylum and refugee governance. The Chapter identifies sources of variation in asylum/refugee governance and identifies: (i) variation in the meaning of protection; (ii) the important role played by IOs in mediating the relationship between the domestic and the international levels; (iii) scope for contestation of global norms; (iv) how contestation can lead both to watering-down of global norms and standards; and (v), in the case of Brazil, how protection standards can be upgraded at national level through use of regional norms and standards that are seen as more progressive than global norms and standards
Inventory and Typology of EU Arrangements with Third Countries: Instruments and Actors
Authors: Tan Nikolas Feith 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis Chapter maps and analyses EU arrangements with selected third countries, with a focus on the role of instruments and actors in the implementation of such arrangements. The Chapter hones in on EU cooperation with Türkiye, Serbia, Niger and Tunisia, with particular attention afforded to arrangements since the European migrant and refugee ‘crisis’ of 2015. In mapping such arrangements, which encompass international relationships between the EU and third countries, the Chapter provides a country-by-country overview and inventory of relevant political, legal and financial instruments. The Chapter also takes particular note of the role of both EU and third country actors in implementing these instruments. The Chapter analyses the role of EU cooperation in providing for access to international protection, either within the transit country or on the basis of mobility via third country solutions, conceived of in the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR) as ‘resettlement and complementary pathways to admission’. The Chapter finally discusses how these arrangements form part of the EU’s containment approach, by preventing onward movement from Türkiye, Serbia, Niger and Tunisia towards EU borders.
Informational Privacy for Service Design
Authors: Parrilli Davide M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter delves into informational privacy within the context of service design, set against the backdrop of the surveillance era driven by digitalization and servitization. It critiques “surveillance capitalism”, highlighting its biases and conceptual flaws, while adopting the perspective of a surveillance society where citizens actively engage in surveillance culture. The chapter redefines privacy for the digital age, focusing on informational privacy, which aligns with EU data protection laws and Alan Westin's influential 1967 definition. By contrasting privacy utopia and dystopia through the lens of Panopticon and Foucault’s panopticism, the authors introduce privacy scenarios and potential threats in service design. The chapter concludes by proposing a nuanced definition of privacy tailored for service design, emphasizing its practical implications.
Freudenthal duality in conformal field theory
Authors: Chattopadhyay Arghya , Mandal Taniya , Marrani Alessio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rotational Freudenthal duality (RFD) relates two extremal Kerr-Newman (KN) black holes (BHs) with different angular momenta and electric-magnetic charges, but with the same Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. Through the Kerr/CFT correspondence (and its KN extension), a four-dimensional, asymptotically flat extremal KN BH is endowed with a dual thermal, two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) such that the Cardy entropy of the CFT is the same as the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the KN BH itself. Using this connection, we study the effect of the RFD on the thermal CFT dual to the KN extremal (or doubly-extremal) BH. We find that the RFD maps two different thermal, two-dimensional CFTs with different temperatures and central charges, but with the same asymptotic density of states, thereby matching the Cardy entropy. We also discuss the action of the RFD on doubly-extremal rotating BHs, finding a spurious branch in the non-rotating limit, and determining that for this class of BH solutions the image of the RFD necessarily over-rotates.
The lemur tail kinase family in neuronal function and disfunction in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Larose Angelique , Miller Christopher C. J. , Mórotz Gábor M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe complex neuronal architecture and the long distance of synapses from the cell body require precisely orchestrated axonal and dendritic transport processes to support key neuronal functions including synaptic signalling, learning and memory formation. Protein phosphorylation is a major regulator of both intracellular transport and synaptic functions. Some kinases and phosphatases such as cyclin dependent kinase-5 (cdk5)/p35, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) and protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) are strongly involved in these processes. A primary pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia, is synaptic degeneration together with disrupted intracellular transport. One attractive possibility is that alterations to key kinases and phosphatases may underlie both synaptic and axonal transport damages. The brain enriched lemur tail kinases (LMTKs, formerly known as lemur tyrosine kinases) are involved in intracellular transport and synaptic functions, and are also centrally placed in cdk5/p35, GSK3β and PP1 signalling pathways. Loss of LMTKs is documented in major neurodegenerative diseases and thus can contribute to pathological defects in these disorders. However, whilst function of their signalling partners became clearer in modulating both synaptic signalling and axonal transport progress has only recently been made around LMTKs. In this review, we describe this progress with a special focus on intracellular transport, synaptic functions and neurodegenerative diseases.
Microbial Life in Playa-Lake Sediments: Adapted Structure, Plastic Function to Extreme Water Activity Variations
Authors: Boadella Judit , Butturini Andrea , Doménech-Pascual Anna , Freixinos Zeus , Perujo Núria , Urmeneta Jordi , Vidal Ariadna , Romaní Anna M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSaline shallow lakes in arid and semi-arid regions frequently undergo drying episodes, leading to significant variations in salinity and water availability. Research on the impacts of salinity and drought on the structure and function of biofilms in hypersaline shallow lakes is limited. This study aimed to understand the potential changes of biofilms in playa-lake sediments during the drying process. Sediments were sampled at different depths (surface, subsurface) and hydrological periods (wet, retraction, and dry), which included a decrease in water activity (aw, the availability of water for microbial use) from 0.99 to 0.72. aw reduction caused a greater effect on functional variables compared to structural variables, indicating the high resistance of the studied biofilms to changes in salinity and water availability. Respiration and hydrolytic extracellular enzyme activities exhibited higher values under high aw, while phenol oxidase activity and prokaryote biomass increased at lower aw. This shift occurred at both depths but was more pronounced at the surface, possibly due to the more extreme conditions (up to 0.7 aw). The increased levels of extracellular polymeric substances and carotenoids developed at low aw may help protect microorganisms in high salinity and drought environments. However, these harsh conditions may interfere with the activity of hydrolytic enzymes and their producers, while promoting the growth of resistant prokaryotes and their capacity to obtain C and N sources from recalcitrant compounds. The resilience of biofilms in hypersaline lakes under extreme conditions is given by their resistant biochemichal structure and the adaptability of their microbial functioning.
Subclinical corneal inflammation and subbasal nerve alterations in keratoconus detected by in vivo confocal microscopy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chirapapaisan Chareenun , Sawarot Methawee , Kengpunpanich Sathiya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the intracorneal inflammation and subbasal nerve alterations in keratoconus.

Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study recruited patients with keratoconus, who were diagnosed and graded the severity based on clinical examination and Schiempflug tomography. Laser in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) was performed on the corneal subbasal layer centrally to explore the inflammatory cells (ICs), subbasal nerve density (SND), and nerve tortuosity. Keratoconus severity and related factors including ocular allergy, systemic atopy, eye rubbing, floppy eyelids, and contact lens use were recorded. Association between the factors, IC density, SND and keratoconus severity were analyzed.

Results
Thirty-four keratoconus eyes were enrolled, and their IVCM findings were compared with those of 20 age-matched normal eyes. Keratoconus showed a significant increase in ICs (44.25 ± 7.01 vs. 13.06 ± 7.51 cells/mm2, p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in SND (16.54 ± 0.79 vs. 20.62 ± 0.72 mm/mm2, p < 0.001) when compared to controls. The alterations were pronounced in severe keratoconus as the IC density was significantly higher (p < 0.001), whereas SND was lower (p = 0.001) in high-graded keratoconus than in low-graded keratoconus. However, there was no significant correlation between the number of IC and SND in keratoconus eyes (p = 0.835). Corneal sensitivity and nerve tortuosity were not different between keratoconus and the controls. No keratoconus-related factors were associated with IC density except the severity of keratoconus (p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.70, 0.95]).

Conclusion
Keratoconus, a clinically noninflammatory corneal disease, demonstrates subclinical corneal inflammation and subbasal nerve decline as shown by IVCM. These alterations correlate considerably with the severity of keratoconus.

Key messages
What is known

Traditionally, Keratoconus is a clinically noninflammatory corneal disease.

What is new

Our study suspected keratoconus may be subclinical corneal inflammatory disease.

In our research, A Keratoconus patient was discovered to have corneal inflammation and a reduction in sub-basal nerve density through the use of In Vivo Confocal Microscopy.

Increase in corneal inflammation is considerably correlated with the severity of keratoconus.
Overall survival of patients with KIT-mutant metastatic GIST in the era of multiple kinase inhibitor availability
Authors: Haller Valerie , Reiff Carina , Hamacher Rainer , Kostbade Karina , Kaths Moritz , Treckmann Juergen , Bertram Stefanie , Zaun Yasmin , Bauer Sebastian , Falkenhorst Johanna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The prognosis of patients with metastatic GIST and imatinib-sensitive primary mutations has significantly improved. However, limited data are available to inform patients about outcomes across different lines of treatment. This retrospective analysis aims to evaluate patient outcomes at a large German GIST referral center over the past 15 years.

Patients and methods
Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed in patients with metastatic GIST, with diagnosis of metastases between 2008 and 2021, when at least three lines of treatment were available in Germany (n = 174).

Results
The median overall survival far exceeds historical data for patients with primary exon 11 and exon 9 mutations (median OS in palliative treatment with imatinib: 7.1 years; median OS in second-line palliative treatment with sunitinib: 2.9 years; median OS in third-line palliative treatment with regorafenib: 1.9 years). Among those patients who received palliative imatinib treatment, no significant difference in median OS survival was observed between those who had received perioperative imatinib for localized disease and those who did not. Furthermore, the location of metastases significantly impacted survival, whereas the time between the initial diagnosis and the diagnosis of metastases had no significant effect on survival.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study provides a novel, real-world reference for survival outcomes in patients with metastatic GIST.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer diagnoses, oncological care and cancer patients in Germany: a report from the “COVID & Cancer” workshop 2023 of the German Society for Epidemiology (DGEpi)
Authors: Erdmann Friederike , Wellbrock Maike , De Santis Karina Karolina , Hübner Joachim , Voigtländer Sven , Arndt Volker 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with severe disruptions in healthcare worldwide. Cancer patients are at particular risk of adverse consequences from delays in diagnosis and treatment. To evaluate the available data on the impact of the pandemic on cancer diagnoses, oncological care and patient well-being in Germany, the German Society for Epidemiology (DGEpi) in collaboration with the Epidemiological Cancer Registry of Lower Saxony invited to a workshop on “COVID & Cancer” (held on 26–27 October 2023 in Hanover, Germany). This report provides a summary of the scientific presentations, highlights methodological challenges, and recognises essential evidence gaps.

Methods
Twelve studies addressing various aspects in relation to cancer diagnoses, oncological care and patient well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany and two talks sharing experiences from the UK and the Netherlands were presented at the workshop.

Results and conclusions
Results from German cancer registries consistently showed lower number of incident cancer diagnoses among adults during the first months of the pandemic compared to the respective months of the years before the pandemic. Data from the cancer registries of Baden-Württemberg and Lower Saxony found especially for breast cancer a notable drop (by approximately one third) in the numbers of diagnoses during the first restriction period (April-May 2020), during which the nationwide mammography screening programme in Germany was temporarily suspended. Overall, the extent and ways, in which the pandemic had adversely affected cancer diagnoses, oncological care and created service backlogs, is still not adequately understood. The long-term consequences are yet to be determined.
eTWST: An Extension to the Timed Water Swallow Test for Increased Dysphagia Screening Accuracy
Authors: Brage Louise , Nylén Fredrik , Hägglund Patricia , Holmlund Thorbjörn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe aimed to fine-tuning the Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST) screening procedure to provide the most reliable prediction of the Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) assessment outcomes, with age, sex, and the presence of clinical signs of dysphagia being considered in the assessment. Participants were healthy people and patients with suspected dysphagia. TWST performance and participants’ reported dysphagia symptoms were assessed in terms of their utility in predicting the outcome of a FEES assessment the same day. The FEES assessors were blinded to the nature of the TWST performance. The water swallowing capacity levels and clinical observations during a screening performance that were indicative of dysphagia/no symptoms in FEES were determined. Convergent validity was assessed as the agreement with the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) in the FEES assessment. TWST predicted FEES findings (aspiration and dysphagia) with a sensitivity of 72 and 45% and a specificity of 75% and 80%, respectively. Extended analysis of the TWST procedure (eTWST) identified aspiration (sensitivity = 92%, specificity = 62%) and dysphagia (sensitivity = 70%, and specificity = 72%) more accurately and showed a high correlation with FOIS (ɸ = 0.37). Excellent inter-rater reliability was further observed (Kw = 0.83). The extended evaluation of TWST performance has superior criterion validity to that of TWST. eTWST displayed high convergent validity and excellent interrater reliability. We therefore believe that eTWST can be highly relevant for clinical dysphagia screening.
A qualitative study of the mental health outcomes in people being treated for obesity and type 2 diabetes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists
Authors: Pierret Aureliane C. S. , Benton Madeleine , Sen Gupta Piya , Ismail Khalida 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with increased rates of mental disorders, particularly depression, anxiety and binge-eating disorder. GLP-1 receptor agonists are a novel class of pharmacological agents for obesity and T2D. We aimed to describe participants’ experiences of GLP-1 receptor agonists on their mental health.

Methods
Qualitative, individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted in nine participants who were prescribed GLP-1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity and/or T2D. Mental health status was measured at time of GLP-1 receptor agonist initiation and assessed again at 12–16 weeks when the semi-structured interview took place. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results
Three main themes were generated from the analysis: (1) acceptance of negative side effects for long term physical health benefits; (2) reflections on the diverse impact on mental health; (3) reduced appetite and increased control of eating behaviours.

Discussion
Overall, participants with obesity and/or T2D described a positive impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on their mental health, especially perception of improved control of eating behaviours. This suggests GLP-1 receptor agonists should be further studied for their potential effectiveness for treatment of binge-eating disorder.
Comparative analysis of 333 proGAV® and proGAV 2.0® adjustable valves in pediatric hydrocephalus treatment: survival and complication rate assessment
Authors: Issa Mohammed , Paggetti Filippo , Dannehl Clara , Ueding Nieke , Krieg Sandro M. , El Damaty Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
ProGAV and ProGAV2.0 adjustable valves are extensively used for treating hydrocephalus in pediatric patients. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive comparison between these two valves concerning their survival and complication rates.

Methods
This retrospective study included all pediatric patients who underwent ProGAV or ProGAV2.0 valve implantation at our neurosurgical clinic from August 2008 to August 2020. A comparative analysis was performed considering age, gender, follow-up duration, complication and survival rates, adjustments, spontaneous adjustments, and adjustment difficulty rates. All valves were followed up for a maximum of 3 years.

Results
Inclusion involved 333 cases (mean age of 5.4 ± 5.1 years; 54.1% males), comprising 173 cases (52.0%) with ProGAV valve implantation and 160 cases (48.0%) with ProGAV 2.0. Early complications within the first month post-implantation were observed in 51 cases (15.3%). No significant differences were noted in valve implantation indications, age distribution, or survival duration (27.1 vs. 27.8 months, p = 0.629) between the two groups. Predominant indications for implantation were post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus and aqueduct stenosis for both valve types. Notably, both valves showed non-significantly different explantation rates during the first three years after implantation (34.7% vs. 29.7%, p < 0.289). However, there was a significantly higher early post-implantation complication rate (22% vs. 9.4%,
p

= 0.002), and a significantly increased association with difficulties in valve adjustments and spontaneous adjustments (
p

= 0.041 and 0.011, respectively). ProGAV2.0 cases displayed notably enhanced clinical and radiological improvement within the initial 6 months after implantation (
p

= 0.001 and p = 0.038). Younger children (< 2 years of age) also experienced significantly more valve adjustment difficulties (p = 0.049) and had higher rates of valve explantation (
p

< 0.001).

Conclusion
The findings of this study highlight the superior performance of the ProGAV2.0 valve in terms of complication rate and maladjustment rate when employed in the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus. Both valves demonstrated an acceptable survival rate with 65.3% for ProGAV and 71.3% for ProGAV2.0 within three years of implantation.
Dynamic or Static Goal Regulation: Implications of Weak and Strong Bonds Between Autonomous/Controlled Reasons and Aims for Achievement Goal Striving
Authors: Janke Stefan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAchievement goals have been key concepts for describing what motivates individuals in educational contexts. While achievement goals have often merely been conceptualized in terms of aspired end-states (aims of goal striving), contemporary research has proposed a more holistic perspective synthesizing these aims alongside autonomous versus controlled reasons derived from Self-Determination Theory into so-called achievement goal complexes. How these aims and reasons align is a matter of further discussion. An overview of empirical studies on goal complexes as well as associations between achievement goals and overarching goal systems reveals that aims differ in whether they show strong communality (static goal regulation) or rather high situational fluctuation regarding underlying reasons (dynamic goal regulation). Particularly, mastery aims show primarily strong bounds with autonomous reasons, whereas performance aims are more ambiguously aligned with underlying reasons. This has implications for the development of an overarching theory as well as for educational practice aiming to foster certain goals and goal complexes. Potential avenues for future research such as further investigations into goal valence, a broader set of aims, the impact of culture, and goal development are discussed.