bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caste-based Discrimination in Schooling: A Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Bishwakarma Lila Bahadur 
Published: April 2018

This paper based on my MPhil dissertation which attempts to exemplify the way of caste-based discrimination practices around schools premises. The Dalit teachers who underwent various forms of such discrimination practices in their school life at different places of Dhading District are the narrated life hi/stories while pledging narrative inquiry. The method was developed with interpretive research paradigm as narratives had immeasurable potentialities to construct meaning of socio-cultural situatedenss of Dalits’ lives and caste-based schooling approach. I, as narrative inquirer, affirmed Freirean perspective to get insight on the nature of Dalit discrimination at school and the way they cope with it. Due to discrimination, there would be high rate of irregularity and dropout even still there is. However, at this context due to various reasons and efforts flexibility (improvement) is being taken places against caste-based discrimination at school in the name of inclusivity, encounters aged-long concept of social exclusion, in present days. It is, perhaps, because of transformative educational approach for a few decades. Transformative education is one of the best means to address Dalit issue with the advocacy of equality and equity. It is significant green signal of transforming ranked society into democratic one. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 56-62
Direction and Effectiveness of Trade Policy Reform: A Case Study of Indo-Nepal Trade Development
Authors: Shah R. K. 
Published: April 2018

This paper intends to assess direction and effectiveness of trade policy of Nepal by studying Trade Development between India and Nepal. It follows the comparative method based on the correlation and the simple logarithmic regression model between two-policy implication period: Import Intensive Trade Policy and State led imports intensive Trade Policy (1985-1994) and Export Intensive Trade Policy under Liberalization Regime (1995-2009). This study is based on the secondary data of trade published by the government agency including Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Ministry of Finance (MoF), Trade Promotion Center, World Bank, Asian Development Bank. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 74-79
L’innovation technologique face au changement climatique : quelle est la position de la France ?
Authors: Ménière Yann , Glachant Matthieu , Dechezleprêtre Antoine , Pot Cécile , Carrère Fabrice , Le Blanc Gilles 
Published: April 2018

Technological Innovation and Climate Change : Where Does France Stand ?
We analyse France’s position on global warming mitigation technology. The methodology draws on a database describing all patents filed between 1980 and 2008 in 17 climate-related technological classes. France is the fifth largest innovator in theworld, with 5.2% of patented inventions, including 20% from the public sector. More than half of French inventions are protected abroad, 1.5 times more than the global average. France’s position is relativelyweak in renewable energy, and strong in sectorsmarked by the presence of national industrial champions and public research organisations.
Can Winds Driven by Active Galactic Nuclei Account for the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Backgrounds?
Authors: Liu Ruo-Yu , Murase Kohta , Inoue Susumu , Ge Chong , Wang Xiang-Yu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Various observations are revealing the widespread occurrence of fast and powerful winds in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that are distinct from relativistic jets, likely launched from accretion disks and interacting strongly with the gas of their host galaxies. During the interaction, strong shocks are expected to form that can accelerate nonthermal particles to high energies. Such winds have been suggested to be responsible for a large fraction of the observed extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) and the diffuse neutrino background, via the decay of neutral and charged pions generated in inelastic pp collisions between protons accelerated by the forward shock and the ambient gas. However, previous studies did not properly account for processes such as adiabatic losses that may reduce the gamma-ray and neutrino fluxes significantly. We evaluate the production of gamma rays and neutrinos by AGN-driven winds in detail by modeling their hydrodynamic and thermal evolution, including the effects of their two-temperature structure. We find that they can only account for less than ∼30% of the EGB flux, as otherwise the model would violate the independent upper limit derived from the diffuse isotropic gamma-ray background. If the neutrino spectral index is steep with Γ ≳ 2.2, a severe tension with the isotropic gamma-ray background would arise as long as the winds contribute more than 20% of the IceCube neutrino flux in the 10–100 TeV range. At energies ≳ 100 TeV, we find that the IceCube neutrino flux may still be accountable by AGN-driven winds if the spectral index is as small as Γ ∼ 2.0–2.1.
Les problèmes méthodologiques de la mesure des impacts économiques locaux des universités
Authors: Kotosz Balázs , Gaunard-Anderson Marie-France , Lukovics Miklós 
Published: April 2018

L’impact économique local d’une institution d’enseignement supérieure comme une université est une question qui a été largement abordée dans la littérature. L’étude d’impact économique est devenue également un outil standard utilisé à faire prendre conscience les États de l’importance des dépenses dans l’enseignement supérieur. La définition la plus générale est « la différence entre l’activité économique existant dans une région dans le cas de la présence de l’institution et le niveau d’activité qui aurait été présent si l’institution n’existait pas. » Dans la pratique, il y a une série des problèmes importants : la séparation de l’effet net et brut, l’identification des missions de l’université, le choix de l’échelle territoriale, le choix du modèle statistique, l’estimation des impacts induits et catalytiques, etc . Après l’introduction théorique des problèmes méthodologiques, une analyse comparative de l’Université de Szeged (Hongrie) et de l’Université de Lorraine (France) sera présentée. Une analyse des limites est aussi esquissée.	Classification JEL : H44, I23, I25, R12, R53
A New IPTV Multicast Fast Reroute Method
Authors: Wang Yan , Cai Jifei , Zhang Mingming , Cheng Mingzhi 
Published: April 2018

This document proposes an IP multicast fast convergence method based on differentiating primary and backup PIM(Protocol Independent Multicast) join. The multicast stream is only sent along one of the multicast primary and backup path, which enables the efficient multicast delivery under both normal and abnormal conditions. The Single stream FRR(Fast Re-Route) solution has the advantages of implementing fast multicast protection and of avoiding double multicast bandwidth occupation in both normal and abnormal situations.
A critical analysis of the meaning of the term ‘value’ in Section 30(6)(e) of the Companies Act
Authors: Dippenaar Mareli 
Published: April 2018

Background: Sections 30(4) and 30(5) of the Companies Act 71 of 2008 (the Act) require, inter alia, disclosure of the remuneration received by each director in a company’s annual financial statements. Section 30(6) defines the term ‘remuneration’, which includes, inter alia, in Section 30(6)(e) the ‘value’ of any option or right granted to a director, as contemplated in Section 42, which deals with options for the allotment or subscription of securities or shares of a company. It is uncertain what the intended meaning of the term ‘value’ is in this context and it is interpreted differently by different companies in practice. Aim: The objective of this study was to understand the meaning of the term ‘value’ in Section 30(6)(e) of the Act (including the date of measurement thereof), as intended by the legislature. Setting: This article examined existing literature in a South African corporate and legislative environment. Method: A non-empirical study of existing literature was conducted by performing a historical analysis within a South African context. A doctrinal research approach was followed. Results: Possible interpretations of the term ‘value’ include the grant date fair value of the rights, the fair value at reporting date, the fair value on vesting date, the expense calculated in terms of the International Financial Reporting Standard on share-based payments, the gain on exercise of the rights and the intrinsic value on reporting date. It is submitted that the most likely meaning is the grant date fair value. Conclusion: It was found that the meaning of the term ‘value’, for purposes of Section 30(6)(e) of the Act, is unclear and interpreted differently by different companies. It is, therefore, recommended that the wording of Section 30(6)(e) is amended to reflect the meaning intended by the legislature.
Sutureless and glue-free conjunctival autograft for pterygium surgery: A preliminary report about Libyan experience
Authors: Elzlitni Naeima , Eldressi Sabah , Bukhatwa Samar 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and outcome of sutureless and glue-free conjunctival autograft for the management of primary pterygium in terms of complications such as loss of graft, graft dehiscence, and recurrence rate. Materials and Methods: A case series study was carried out in March 2015 at Nastaein private sanatorium, Zlitin, Libya. Twenty-seven eyes of 23 patients with primary pterygium were included in this study. Pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting without using sutures or glue was done to all patients. The patients were followed up postoperatively after 1 h, 1st day postoperatively, and then 1 week, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.9 ± 8.55 years (range: 43–71 years); 65% were male. Mean follow-up time was 10.2 ± 2 months. Changes of visual acuity were not noticed in any of these patients. Only one patient (3.7%) developed edge recession of the graft on the 1st postoperative day due to a wrong measurement of the size of the graft, and no other complications were noted. Cosmesis was excellent in all cases and no recurrence was noted. Conclusions: Sutureless and glue-free conjunctival autograft for primary pterygium surgery is a safe and effective way for the management of primary pterygium.
Sharp Bertini Theorem for Plane Curves over Finite Fields
Authors: Asgarli Shamil 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe prove that if
$C$
is a reflexive smooth plane curve of degree
$d$
defined over a finite field
$\mathbb{F}_{q}$
with
$d\leqslant q+1$
, then there is an
$\mathbb{F}_{q}$
-line
$L$
that intersects
$C$
transversely. We also prove the same result for non-reflexive curves of degree
$p+1$
and
$2p+1$
when
$q=p^{r}$
.
Assessing Residents' Veteran-Centered Care Skills in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Ross Paula T. , Fitzgerald James T. , Ravindranath Divy , Pfeiffer Paul N. , Singh Mamta K. , Weiner Saul J. , Rooney Deborah M. , Buckler Stacie , Whitman Laurie , Watts Brook , Jones Dorian , Tremblay Adam S. , Lypson Monica L. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite their placement in Veterans Health Administration centers nationwide, residents' training and assessment in veteran-centered care is variable and often insufficient.

Objective
We assessed residents' ability to recognize and address mental health issues that affect US military veterans.

Methods
Two unannounced standardized patient (SP) cases were used to assess internal medicine residents' veteran-centered care skills from September 2014 to March 2016. Residents were assessed on 7 domains: military history taking, communication skills, assessment skills, mental health screening, triage, and professionalism, using a 36-item checklist. After each encounter, residents completed a questionnaire to assess their ability to recognize knowledge deficits. Residents' mean scores were compared across training levels, between the 2 cases, and by SP gender. We conducted analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests to analyze mean performance differences across training levels and descriptive statistics to analyze self-assessment questionnaire results.

Results
Ninety-eight residents from 2 internal medicine programs completed the encounter and 53 completed the self-assessment questionnaire. Residents performed best on professionalism (0.92 ± 0.20, percentage of the maximal score) and triage (0.87 ± 0.17), and they scored lowest on posttraumatic stress disorder (0.52 ± 0.30) and military sexual trauma (0.33 ± 0.39). Few residents reported that they sought out training to enhance their knowledge and skills in the provision of services and support to military and veteran groups beyond their core curriculum.

Conclusions
This study suggests that additional education and assessment in veteran-centered care may be needed, particularly in the areas of posttraumatic stress disorder and military sexual trauma.
Recent climate variations in Chile: constraints from borehole temperature profiles
Authors: Pickler Carolyne , Gurza Fausto Edmundo , Beltrami Hugo , Mareschal Jean-Claude , Suárez Francisco , Chacon-Oecklers Arlette , Blin Nicole , Cortés Calderón Maria Teresa , Montenegro Alvaro , Harris Rob , Tassara Andres 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. We have compiled, collected, and analyzed 31 temperature–depth
profiles from boreholes in the Atacama Desert in central and northern Chile.
After screening these profiles, we found that only nine profiles at four different
sites were suitable to invert for ground temperature history. For all the
sites, no surface temperature variations could be resolved for the period
1500–1800. In the northern coastal region of Chile, there is no perceptible
temperature variation at all from 1500 to present. In the northern central
Chile region, between 26 and 28∘ S, the data suggest a
cooling from ≈ 1850 to ≈ 1980 followed by a 1.9 K warming
starting ≈ 20–40 years BP. This result is consistent with the ground
surface temperature histories for Peru and the semiarid regions of South
America. The duration of the cooling trend is poorly resolved and it may
coincide with a marked short cooling interval in the 1960s that is found in
meteorological records. The total warming is greater than that inferred from
proxy climate reconstructions for central Chile and southern South America,
and by the PMIP3-CMIP5 surface temperature simulations for the north-central
Chile grid points. The differences among different climate reconstructions,
meteorological records, and models are likely due to differences in spatial
and temporal resolution among the various data sets and the models.
Factors influencing development of cracking–sliding failures of loess across the eastern Huangtu Plateau of China
Authors: Li Yanrong , Mao Jiarui , Xiang Xiqiong , Mo Ping 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Loess is a porous, weakly cemented, and unsaturated Quaternary
sediment deposited by the wind in arid and semiarid regions. Loess is widely
and thickly distributed in China, making the Huangtu Plateau the largest bulk
accumulation of loess on Earth. However, the fragile geoenvironment in the
loess areas of China causes frequent and various geohazards, such as
cracking–sliding failure (“beng-hua” in Chinese), which is a typical
geohazard that causes the largest number of casualties each year. This study
investigates the main influencing factors and development patterns of
cracking–sliding failure of loess to help prevent its occurrence and reduce
losses effectively. The following conclusions are derived from this study: (1)
cracking–sliding failures mostly take place in rectilinear slopes, convex
slopes, slopes with gradients greater than 60∘, slopes with
heights of 5 to 40 m, and slopes mostly exposed to sunlight with aspects of
180 to 270∘; (2) cracking–sliding failures occur
mostly from 10 pm to 4 am and mainly in the rainy season (July to September)
and in the freeze-thaw season (March to April); and (3) highly intense human
activities in the region correspond to a high possibility of
cracking–sliding failures.
Informal caregivers who are interested and do make use of information and communication technologies
Authors: Lindqvist Gunilla , Hanson Elizabeth 
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to highlight informal caregivers’ interest in using the Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-based ACTION service (Assisting Carers using Telematics Interventions to meet Older People’s Needs) and their ideas for how to further develop and extend the service. The use of ICT is constantly increasing worldwide. Europe has the highest old age dependency ratio, but other parts of the world are also experiencing a dramatic ageing of their population. The demands for care are increasing, and resources are shrinking. One way to support informal caregivers is through ICT.Methods: The study employed a qualitative design. Focus group interviews were carried out with informal caregivers in Sweden. The interviews were analysed using a latent content analysis method.Results: The analysis yielded a major theme, striving to feel confident, with four categories: informal caregivers’ reflections and ideas about ICT; promoting their own health process; increasing their knowledge bank and informal caregivers’ rights; and striving for inclusiveness.Conclusions: The present study highlights the challenges that informal caregivers face in their daily life as well as their resources to devise possible solutions that could improve their situation. To preserve their health, a carer support plan including regular health checks could be helpful. ICT-based support (such as the ACTION service) could act as a way forward for supporting informal caregivers in their striving to feel confident. The study highlighted that ICT-based support has the potential to act as a direct benefit for informal caregivers.
Use of the National Institutes of Health Consensus Guidelines Improves the Diagnostic Sensitivity of Gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Cardona Diana M. , Detweiler Claire J. , Shealy Michael J. , Sung Anthony D. , Wild Daniel M. , Poleski Martin H. , Balmadrid Bryan L. , Cirrincione Constance T. , Howell David N. , Sullivan Keith M. 
Published: April 2018

Context.—Graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Accurate diagnosis can be difficult and is a truly clinicopathologic endeavor.Objectives.—To assess the diagnostic sensitivity of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease using the 2015 National Institutes of Health (NIH) histology consensus guidelines and to analyze histologic findings that support the guidelines.Design.—Patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants were identified via a retrospective search of our electronic medical records from January 1, 2005, to January 1, 2011. Endoscopies with available histology were reviewed by 2 pathologists using the 2015 NIH guidelines. The clinical diagnosis was used as the gold standard. A nontransplant set of endoscopic biopsies was used as a control.Results.—Of the 250 total endoscopies, 217 (87%) had a clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease. Use of the NIH consensus guidelines showed a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 65%. Thirty-seven of 58 (64%) cases with an initial false-negative histopathologic diagnosis were diagnosed as graft-versus-host disease on our review.Conclusions.—Use of the NIH histology consensus guidelines results in a high sensitivity and specificity, thereby decreasing false-negatives. Additionally, use of the NIH guidelines aids in creating uniformity and diagnostic clarity. Correlation with clinical and laboratory findings is critical in evaluating the differential diagnosis and to avoid false-positives. As expected, increased apoptosis with decreased inflammation was associated with a pathologic diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease and supports the NIH guidelines.
Validez del dispositivo inercial WIMU PRO para el registro de la frecuencia cardiaca en un test de campo
Authors: Molina-Carmona I. , Gómez-Carmona C. , Bastida-Castillo A. , Pino-Ortega J. 
Published: April 2018

<p>Los avances tecnológicos han contribuido a la mejora de la colección de datos fisiológicos y cinemáticos con relación a la competición y los entrenamientos. Dispositivos inerciales tales como WIMUPRO<sup>TM</sup> (RealTrack Systems, Almería, España) compuesto por diferentes sensores (cuatro acelerómetros, dos giróscopos, un magnetómetro, un chip GNSS para posicionamiento global mediante satélite, un chip UWB para posicionamiento por radiofrecuencia de onda corta en deportes indoor, receptor de Ant+ y Bluetooth, entre otros)se utilizan dentro de una variedad de situaciones deportivas. Es importante conocer la validez y precisión del dato de dichas mediciones ya que se utilizan en contextos reales del juego. <strong>Objetivo. </strong>Evaluar la validez del dispositivo inercial WIMU PRO<sup>TM</sup> para registrar la variable frecuencia cardiaca (FC) en relación con un dispositivo validado como es Polar Team 2<sup>®</sup>.<strong>Participantes. </strong>15 jugadores de fútbol de categoría cadete participaron voluntariamente en este estudio(edad:<em>15,40 ± 0,50</em> años, altura:<em>169,26 ± 0,08</em> cm, peso:<em>62,00 ± 12,32 kg</em>). <strong>Procedimiento. </strong>Los individuos que componen la muestra llevaron a cabo el test RSA (adaptado de Bangsbo 2008) el cual consta de 7 sprints de 30 metros con una recuperación activa entre ellos de 20 segundos, el cual simula las exigencias reales de competición en fútbol. <strong>Resultados.</strong>Se encontró una correlación muy alta entre los datos obtenidos por el registro del dispositivo WIMU PRO<sup>TM</sup> y los realizados por el dispositivo Polar Team 2<sup>® </sup><em>(r<sup>2</sup>=.958, p&lt;.001)</em>. <strong>Conclusiones.</strong> El dispositivo inercial WIMU PRO<sup>TM</sup>es válido para registrar la variable de intensidad de actividad física frecuencia cardiaca en fútbol.</p>