bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The Patriarchy Is Finished’: Broadcasting Women’s Emancipation on RIAS Berlin
Authors: Clinefelter Joan L 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines a sudden shift in women’s radio programming in the late 1950s at RIAS Berlin (Radio in the American Sector Berlin). The American-led propaganda radio station had been established in 1946 to support democracy in West Berlin and then also to combat Communism in East Germany. From its initial broadcast day, RIAS targeted female audiences with a mix of household tips and political analysis that highlighted the ways the Communist regime worked against women. However, in 1957 the women’s division began to critique conservative gender norms in arguing for female equality in West Germany. RIAS introduced a new program, the soap opera Gaby and Franz, that modelled a more companionate form of marriage. At the same time, its established women’s programs, including Can You Spare 5 Minutes?, highlighted obstacles to the full realization of legal reforms such as the Law for the Protection of Mothers of 1952 and the Equal Rights Law of 1957. To promote women’s rights in the Federal Republic, the women’s division adapted the presentation style designed to fight East German Communism. Drawing upon scripts held by Deutschlandfunk Kultur, the successor station to RIAS, the article argues that radio offered an ideal medium for women to press for gender equality at the micro level of the home and the macro level of policy well before the women’s rights movement of the late 1960s.
‘Under a Just King Every Soldier Is a Citizen’: Acclaiming Military Honour and Mobilizing Civic Action in the Habsburg Monarchy during the Coalition Wars
Authors: Baird Kurt J G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article highlights the regular soldier’s place in political rhetoric that urged the Habsburg Monarchy’s inhabitants to view support for the war against Revolutionary and Imperial France as a moral imperative. It establishes how military honour as a system of sociality and social disciplining, founded on contemporary ideals of virtue and natural law, promoted acts of selfless citizenship within a newly formed standing army that supported Habsburg state-building in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The article then shows how regular soldiers of the Monarchy’s army were continually represented by the government and its supporters as selfless servants of the state, eliciting acts of loyalty in different places from those untouched by mandatory wartime demands. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which the educated middle class (Bürgertum) contributed to the Habsburg war effort through decades of localized wartime philanthropy. This article argues these people were motivated to do so through social and cultural changes that made self-identifying with the conscripted poor possible. By participating in civic society in this way, a generally progressive prewar segment of the population actively placed their view of the world within the constraints of the reactionary wartime Habsburg state by meeting military exigencies.
Ageing Fast and Slow: A Longitudinal Examination of the Gap Between Subjective Age and Chronological Age and the Role of Functional Health
Authors: Akinocho El-Mouksitou , Vanhoutte Bram 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Although it is known that subjective age is strongly influenced by health, few studies have explored this relation longitudinally. This study aims to examine the longitudinal evolution of the age differential between subjective and chronological age, as well as how functional limitations and birth cohort affect this evolution.

Methods
This study analyses four waves covering 10 years (2004–2014) of the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing, making use of 35,242 observations of 14,219 participants. Using random intercept mixed models in an age vector approach, the difference of the gap between chronological and subjective age is examined over age, conditional on cohort, and subsequently by functional limitations group.

Results
Participants felt, on average, about 9 years younger than their actual age. Subjective ageing happens about a third slower than objective ageing on average. Later-born cohorts feel younger than earlier-born cohorts at a given age. The difference between chronological age and subjective age differs about 8 years between those with and without functional health limitations, but the onset of such functional limitations only decreases the gap with about 1–3 years.

Discussion
This study found that recent cohorts feel younger than older cohorts. The onset of a health limitation represents only about half of the subjective age effect. This illustrates there are large selection effects into the group of people to whom health limitations occur, with people already feeling less young before the actual event occurrence.
Who pays to treat malaria and how much? Analysis of the cost of illness, equity and economic burden of malaria in Uganda
Authors: Snyman Katherine , Pitt Catherine , Aturia Angelo , Aber Joyce , Gonahasa Samuel , Namuganga Jane Frances , Nankabirwa Joaniter , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Maiteki-Sebuguzi Catherine , Katamba Henry , Opigo Jimmy , Matovu Fred , Dorsey Grant , Kamya Moses R , Ochieng Walter , Staedke Sarah G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Case management of malaria in Africa has evolved markedly over the past 20 years and updated cost estimates are needed to guide malaria control policies. We estimated the cost of malaria illness to households and the public health service and assessed the equity of these costs in Uganda. From December 2021 to May 2022, we conducted a costing exercise in eight government-run health centres covering seven sub-regions, collecting health service costs from patient observations, records review and a time-and-motion study. From November 2021 to January 2022, we gathered data on households’ cost of illness from randomly selected households for 614 residents with suspected malaria. Societal costs of illness were estimated and combined with secondary data sources to estimate the total economic burden of malaria in Uganda. We used regression analyses and concentration curves to assess the equity of household costs across age, geographic location and socio-economic status. The mean societal economic cost of treating suspected malaria was $15.12 [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.83–17.14] per outpatient and $27.21 (95% CI: 20.43–33.99) per inpatient case. Households incurred 81% of outpatient and 72% of inpatient costs. Households bore nearly equal costs of illness, regardless of socio-economic status. A case of malaria cost households in the lowest quintile 26% of per capita monthly consumption, while a malaria case only cost households in the highest quintile 8%. We estimated the societal cost of malaria treatment in Uganda was $577 million (range: $302 million–1.09 billion) in 2021. The cost of malaria remains high in Uganda. Households bear the major burden of these costs. Poorer and richer households incur the same costs per case; this distribution is equal, but not equitable. These results can be applied to parameterize future economic evaluations of malaria control interventions and to evaluate the impact of malaria on Ugandan society, informing resource allocations in malaria prevention.
A Chinese conundrum: does higher insurance coverage for hospitalization reduce financial protection for the patients who most need it?
Authors: Zhu Xiaoying , Mahal Ajay , Tang Shenglan , McPake Barbara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper evaluates the relationship between the degree of cost-sharing and the utilization of outpatient and inpatient health services in China. Using data from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we estimated the association between outpatient and inpatient service utilization and cost-sharing levels associated with outpatient and inpatient services, as well as a comparative metric that quantifies the relative cost-sharing burden between the two. We found that patients in areas with higher levels of cost-sharing for outpatient services exhibit a lower propensity to use outpatient care and a higher inclination to utilize costly hospitalization services. Conversely, as the ratio of cost-sharing for outpatient services to that for inpatient services increases, the likelihood of patients forgoing doctor-initiated hospitalization correspondingly increases. This suggests that when cost-sharing for outpatient care rises relative to inpatient care, observed increases in inpatient care utilization reflect an escalation in moral hazard rather than a correction for the underutilization of inpatient services. We conclude that both substitution and complementary roles exist between outpatient and inpatient services. Our findings suggest that a more effective design of cost-sharing is needed to enhance the equity and efficiency of China’s health system.
Strategic Implications of Legal Constitution: Between Necessity and Contingency
Authors: Adams Zoe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article offers a novel perspective on the ‘constitutive role’ of law and discusses the contribution that such a perspective can make to our understanding of law’s potential role in radical political struggles. It suggests that a distinction should be drawn between the necessary dimension of law’s constitutive role—the fact that law is one of capitalism’s necessary power relations—and the contingent dimension of that role—the historically variant ways in which those relations have been institutionalised, and the legal form of power given concrete expression. The article shows how this distinction can help refocus questions about the role of law in radical political struggles and can help inform strategic decisions about whether, when and how law might be mobilised in the context of such struggles, including how law might be used in explicitly subversive ways.
What Is Human Resources Law?
Authors: Doorey David J , Dukes Ruth 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Human Resources (‘HR’) Law is not a term much used by legal scholars. In law schools throughout the English-speaking world, one encounters courses on employment law, labour law and, less frequently, work law, but no courses on ‘HR law’. Outside of law schools, however, the term is common parlance, at least in North America. But what is HR law? Is it nothing other than employment law, rebranded to appeal to firms and other employing organisations? In this paper, we argue that HR law reflects and reinforces a particular paradigm or vision of work relations that is quite distinct from traditional understandings of labour law’s defining purpose. When it comes to interpreting and applying employment law, moreover, human resource management professionals and HR lawyers assume positions of authority—positions of authority that might be recognised within firms by senior management and, beyond the firm, by courts, policy makers and legislatures. To what extent and with which consequences this is so, is likely to be jurisdiction-specific and demands further investigation.
Fitness of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Subvariants in Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Cell Lines as Determined by Reverse-Transcription Droplet Digital PCR and Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Hénaut Mathilde , Carbonneau Julie , Levade Inès , Boivin Guy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The fitness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron subvariants was determined in human epithelial and continuous cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Competition experiments over 4 days were performed followed by quantification of variant ratios by reverse transcription-droplet digital PCR. These quantitative data were correlated with whole-genome sequencing. In competition experiments of 2 subvariants, the more recent XBB.1 subvariant outcompeted the BA.1.15 subvariant at early time points in the upper respiratory tract epithelium. No difference in replication was observed between the 2 subvariants in the lower respiratory tract. Furthermore, XBB.1 predominated over BA.1.15 and JN.1.1 subvariants in the gastrointestinal tract.
Isolate-anchored comparisons reveal evolutionary and functional differentiation across SAR86 marine bacteria
Authors: Ramfelt Oscar , Freel Kelle C , Tucker Sarah J , Nigro Olivia D , Rappé Michael S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
SAR86 is one of the most abundant groups of bacteria in the global surface ocean. However, since its discovery over 30 years ago, it has remained recalcitrant to isolation and many details regarding this group are still unknown. Here, we report the cellular characteristics from the first SAR86 isolate brought into culture, Magnimaribacter mokuoloeensis strain HIMB1674, and use its closed genome in concert with over 700 environmental genomes to assess the phylogenomic and functional characteristics of this order-level lineage of marine Gammaproteobacteria. The SAR86 order Magnimaribacterales invests significant genomic resources into the capacity for $\beta$-oxidation, which is present in most genomes with high gene copy numbers. This cyclical set of reactions appears to be fed by components of cell membranes that include lipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipids, and sulfolipids. In addition to the widespread capacity to degrade the side chain of steroidal compounds via $\beta$-oxidation, several SAR86 sublineages also appear able to fully degrade the steroid polycyclic ring structure as well as other aromatic, polycyclic, and heterocyclic molecules. Read recruitment from publicly available metagenomes reveals that the Magnimaribacterales compose up to 6% of the global surface ocean microbial community. Only a subset of genera drives these high relative abundances, with some more globally dominant and others restricted to specific oceanic regions. This study provides an unprecedented foundation through which to understand this highly abundant yet poorly understood lineage of marine bacteria and charts a path to bring more representatives of this order into laboratory culture.
Aminolipids in bacterial membranes and the natural environment
Authors: Liu Shengwei , Silvano Eleonora , Li Mingyu , Mausz Michaela , Rihtman Branko , Guillonneau Richard , Geiger Otto , Scanlan David J , Chen Yin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Our comprehension of membrane function has predominantly advanced through research on glycerophospholipids, also known as phosphoglycerides, which are glycerol phosphate-based lipids found across all three domains of life. However, in bacteria, a perplexing group of lipids distinct from glycerol phosphate-based ones also exists. These are amino acid-containing lipids that form an amide bond between an amino acid and a fatty acid. Subsequently, a second fatty acid becomes linked, often via the 3-hydroxy group on the first fatty acid. These amide-linked aminolipids have, as of now, been exclusively identified in bacteria. Several hydrophilic head groups have been discovered in these aminolipids including ornithine, glutamine, glycine, lysine, and more recently, a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid cysteinolic acid. Here, we aim to review current advances in the genetics, biochemistry and function of these aminolipids as well as giving an ecological perspective. We provide evidence for their potential significance in the ecophysiology of all major microbiomes, i.e. gut, soil, and aquatic as well as highlighting their important roles in influencing biological interactions.
Mini-mental status examination phenotyping for Alzheimer’s disease patients using both structured and narrative electronic health record features
Authors: Idnay Betina , Zhang Gongbo , Chen Fangyi , Ta Casey N , Schelke Matthew W , Marder Karen , Weng Chunhua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to automate the prediction of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores, a widely adopted standard for cognitive assessment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) on structured and unstructured EHR data.

Materials and Methods
We extracted demographic data, diagnoses, medications, and unstructured clinical visit notes from the EHRs. We used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modeling and Term-Frequency Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) for n-grams. In addition, we extracted meta-features such as age, ethnicity, and race. Model training and evaluation employed eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Stochastic Gradient Descent Regressor (SGDRegressor), and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP).

Results
We analyzed 1654 clinical visit notes collected between September 2019 and June 2023 for 1000 Alzheimer’s disease patients. The average MMSE score was 20, with patients averaging 76.4 years old, 54.7% female, and 54.7% identifying as White. The best-performing model (ie, lowest root mean squared error (RMSE)) is MLP, which achieved an RMSE of 5.53 on the validation set using n-grams, indicating superior prediction performance over other models and feature sets. The RMSE on the test set was 5.85.

Discussion
This study developed a ML method to predict MMSE scores from unstructured clinical notes, demonstrating the feasibility of utilizing NLP to support cognitive assessment. Future work should focus on refining the model and evaluating its clinical relevance across diverse settings.

Conclusion
We contributed a model for automating MMSE estimation using EHR features, potentially transforming cognitive assessment for Alzheimer’s patients and paving the way for more informed clinical decisions and cohort identification.
Harmonized Tubular Maximum Phosphate Reabsorption per Glomerular Filtration Rate (TmP/GFR) reporting in adults and children in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Chiang Cherie , Choy Kay Weng , Coates Penelope , Carrivick Simon , Farrell Christopher J , Clifton-Bligh Roderick J , Lim Ee Mun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Tubular maximum phosphate reabsorption per glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) is a key diagnostic test for renal phosphate wasting. However, there is a lack of international consensus regarding the reporting of age-related reference intervals. The TmP/GFR Harmonization Working Group, formed by The Australasian Association for Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine and The Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society, aimed to evaluate analytical differences amongst commercial creatinine and phosphate assays, harmonize age-specific cut-offs and compare the ANZBMS TmP/GFR online calculator with existing products. A total of 11 360 results from The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Programs were analyzed to assess creatinine and phosphate assay performance amongst five In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) companies. Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics analyzers had a positive bias of up to 32% for serum phosphate and up to 29% for TmP/GFR. The other IVD companies produced comparable results and are suitable for harmonized reference intervals. To date, the AACB-ANZBMS TmP/GFR online calculator is the only validated Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry-creatinine aligned tool which caters for both pediatric and adult individuals, providing automatic interpretive comments to aid clinicians managing patients with hypophosphatemia.
Using ecological niches to determine potential habitat suitability for Psacothea hilaris (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its natural enemies in China under future climates
Authors: Zhang Liang , Wang Ping , Xie Guanglin , Wang Wenkai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Climate change impacts the distribution of pests and its natural enemies, prompting this study to investigate the dynamics and shifts in distribution under current and future climate conditions. The spatial pattern of Psacothea hilaris (Pascoe) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in China was analyzed, and the MaxEnt model was optimized to predict the potential geographic distribution of P. hilaris and its two natural enemies (Dastarcus helophoroides (Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) and Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus) (Piciformes: Picidae)) in China, to further analyze the key environmental factors affecting the survival of P. hilaris and its natural enemies, and to determine the potential of using D. helophoroides and D. major as natural enemies to control P. hilaris. The results showed that the suitable ranges of P. hilaris and natural enemies are expanding under the influence of climate change, and both have migrated to higher latitudes. The potential ranges of D. helophoroides, D. major, and P. hilaris are highly similar. It is noteworthy that the potential range of D. helophoroides completely covers the potential range of P. hilaris. This indicates that D. helophoroides and D. major can be employed as biological control agents to manage P. hilaris populations. This study provides a theoretical framework and empirical evidence for the development of early warning and green control strategies for P. hilaris.
Influence of trap type on the captures of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): trials from different European countries
Authors: Agrafioti Paraskevi , Lampiri Evagelia , Bohinc Tanja , Roig Anna , Levi-Mourao Alexandre , Boukouvala Maria C , Skourti Anna , López Carmen , Eizaguirre Matilde , Pons Xavier , Tsikas Angelos , Sarajlić Ankica , Fail Jozsef , Benavent Fernandez Enrique , Bravo Sergio Fita , Dominguez Solera Elena , Trdan Stanislav , Kavallieratos Nickolas G , Athanassiou Christos G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The spongy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Eribidae), is a serious pest of deciduous forests and causes widespread defoliation. Despite this, few studies have evaluated the wide-ranging surveillance of adult male L. dispar using different types of pheromone-baited traps. We evaluated the effect of trap type on captures of adult male L. dispar at 18 sites in Europe; two in Slovenia, two in Spain, 12 in Greece, one in Hungary, and one in Croatia. Seven different trap types, G trap and eGymer 1–6, were evaluated June–September 2022 and 2023. Generally, captures of L. dispar started in late June and lasted until mid-August. Trap type affected captures. The G trap (consisting of a dark brown plastic rectangular parallel-piped body) caught significantly more L. dispar than other trap types in many instances, particularly when the peak of the flight period occurred. Captures of L. dispar in pairs of different trap types showed a significant correlation in trap catch in most investigations, suggesting that most detected comparable fluctuations in L. dispar abundance. We recommend that the G trap be used for wide-ranging surveillance of L. dispar in Europe.
An effective discontinuous Galerkin method for solving acoustic wave equations in heterogeneous media
Authors: He Xijun , Wang Qiyue , Zhou Yanjie , Huang Jiandong , Huang Xueyuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is introduced for solving 2D and 3D first-order velocity-pressure acoustic wave propagation problems in heterogeneous media. First, acoustic equations are reformulated into a first-order hyperbolic system, which can be integrated into the framework of the DG method. Then, we introduce an effective numerical flux in DG spatial discretization, which preserves physical laws on both sides of interfaces with discontinuous material parameters. It is compared with both the classic Lax–Friedrichs flux and the exact upwind flux, with the latter derived from solving the Riemann problem and satisfying the Rankine–Hugoniot condition. The comparison reveals that while our flux is formally similar to the classic local Lax–Friedrichs flux, its numerical behavior is analogous to the exact upwind flux. The primary advantage of this method lies in its simplicity and straightforward computation yet can maintain physical continuity conditions near interfaces with discontinuous material parameters. Several numerical experiments of acoustic wave propagation in 2D and 3D heterogeneous media are carried out, illustrating the effectiveness of this method.