bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nerve root injection cancellations because of incomplete anticoagulation management
Authors: Robinson Elizabeth , Shahipasand Shahab , Liantis Panagiotis , Mandegaran Ramin , Zavareh Ali 
Published: August 2018

Background: Computed tomography-guided steroid injection is a well-recognized, conservative treatment of localized spinal pain as a result of facet arthropathy and radiculopathy secondary to nerve root compression. An extremely rare complication is the development of an epidural haematoma with potential to cause permanent neurological damage, so anticoagulation at the time of procedure is contraindicated. Routinely injections are performed as an outpatient requiring the referring physician to implement a peri-procedural anticoagulation plan. Anecdotal experience suggested that cancellations were occurring as patients remained on anticoagulation at the time of their appointment. The authors therefore assessed the existing service against expected standards to identify the causes of cancellations and find ways to improve the service. Aims: This audit aimed to identify the incidence of cancelled computed tomography-guided nerve root injections secondary to incorrect peri-procedural anticoagulation management, develop an intervention to help reduce the incidence of cancellations and then re-audit to assess the effect of the intervention. Methods: The audit standard was that 100% of outpatients attending for computed tomography-guided nerve root and facet injections should have an appropriate anticoagulation plan implemented. Baseline data collection took place prospectively between 1 September and 30 November 2016. The study population was elective computed tomography-guided spinal nerve root and facet injections scheduled on the radiology information system at the authors' trust. Descriptive analysis was completed. The intervention involved a revised electronic request form being implemented with new compulsory fields concerning antiplatelets and anticoagulants. Re-audit post-intervention involved prospective data collection between 1 September and 30 November 2017 using the same methods. Results: Baseline audit found that of three out of 55 (5%) patients had cancellations. On re-audit, there were 0 cancellations out of 93 patients. Conclusions: The new request form prevented 5% of patients referred for computed tomography-guided nerve root injection being cancelled because of incorrect anticoagulation management. Extrapolated over the year the potential savings through preventing lost activity are £3445.56.
Foreign language learning anxiety: A comparison between high school and university students
Authors: Baş Gökhan , Özcan Mehmet 
Published: August 2018

This research aimed to identify the differences in foreign language learning (FLL) anxiety levels between high school and university students based on some variables such as gender, current educational status, parents’ (father and mother) educational status, and monthly income of families. The survey model was adopted in the research. The research included high school (n = 333) and university (n = 341) students from Nigde and Afyonkarahisar provinces. In the research, “Foreign Language Learning Anxiety Scale” (FLLAS) was used in order to collect data. For the analyses of the data, independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed. The results of the research indicated that gender, fathers’ educational status and monthly income of family variables did not have a significant impact on foreign language anxiety levels of high school and university students. It was also found that students’ educational status as well as their mothers’ educational status variables influenced their FLL anxiety significantly.
Extending the Talmyan typology: A case study of the macro-event as event integration and grammaticalization in Mandarin
Authors: Li Fuyin Thomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe two-way typology proposed by Leonard Talmy has been extremely influential in the past few decades, and has led to a large number of publications. But while the majority of the literature is devoted to the identification of the verb-framed or satellite-framed status of individual languages, relatively little (if any) research focuses on the foundation of this theory. This article addresses the nature of the macro-event, a fundamental concept for the Talmyan two-way typology, proposing a diachronic aspect of the macro-event, an aspect that seems to be under-appreciated or even neglected. It argues that a macro-event results from the integration of two simpler events through grammaticalization in Mandarin. This hypothesis is supported by the behavior of directional complements in Mandarin Chinese in that these directional complements in combination with the main verbs can express all the five types of the macro-events that Talmy has analyzed to establish his typology, and that these macro-events themselves represent an integration of two simpler events and exhibit various degrees of grammaticalization. This study brings together two seemingly unrelated areas of research, that is, the area of event structure and that of grammaticalization, thus providing a new perspective on the Talmyan typological paradigm. The result, though supported by the data in Mandarin Chinese, might have universal value and implications for other languages as well.
Atmospheric water infiltration intensity in non-rainfall periods under conditionsof varied soil moisture
Authors: Dawid Małgorzata , Janik Grzegorz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The paper presents a function-type relation which demonstrates that volumetric moisture of the surface horizon of soil has an effect on the intensity of atmospheric water infiltration during non-rainfall periods. The relation, developed and then verified on the basis of independent material, reveals that the intensity of infiltration decreases with an increase in volumetric moisture of soil. For the case presented herein, infiltration ceases when volumetric moisture is higher than 0.15 m3 m−3. The developed function also takes into account the effect of atmospheric conditions through the introduction of another argument into the domain. The aforementioned is in the form of potential condensation efficiency measured on a dew collector, and assumes the form of a modified logistic function.
Competition For Versus In the Market of Long-Distance Passenger Rail Services
Authors: Cherbonnier Frédéric , Ivaldi Marc , Muller-Vibes Catherine , Van Der Straeten Karine 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper is aimed at evaluating the net gains and trade-offs at stake in implementing the competition of the rail mode in the long distance passenger market either by means of franchise or by an open access mechanism. We simulate the outcomes of competitioninandforthe market using a differentiated-products oligopoly model allowing for inter- and intra-modal competition in a long distance passenger market. Specifically we first calibrate the model using data describing high speed lines in France and show that the incumbent railway operator’s strategy does not simply boil down to a short-term profit maximization (e.g. because of existing regulation or limit-pricing strategy). This yields two important results when simulating competition. First, whether it isfororinthe market, the opening to competition does not guarantee a decrease in prices in favor of passengers. Second, the effects of opening up to competitionforthe market are relatively predictable and potentially positive, while those of opening up to competition in the market remain very uncertain.
Spatially Informed Back-Calculation for Spatio-Temporal Infectious Disease Models
Authors: Pokharel Gyanendra , Deardon Rob 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn epidemiological studies, the complete history of the disease system is seldom available; for example, we rarely observe the infection times of individuals but rather dates of diagnosis/disease reporting. The method of back-calculation together with prior knowledge about the distribution of the time from the infection to the disease reporting, called the incubation period, can be used to estimate unobserved infection times. Here, we consider the use of back-calculation in the context of spatial infectious disease models, extending the method to incorporate spatial information in the back-calculation method itself. Such a method should improve the quality of the fitted model, allowing us to better identify characteristics of the disease system of interest. We show that it is possible to better infer the underlying disease dynamics via the method of spatial back-calculation.
Physikalisch-chemische und biologische Eigenschaften des gereinigten „löslichen Antigens“ der klassischen Geflügelpest
Authors: Schäfer Werner , Munk Klaus , Mussgay Manfred 
Published: August 2018

Das „lösliche Antigen“ der klassischen Geflügelpest ist ein kugelförmiges Teilchen mit einem Durchmesser von 10-15 mμ, das kettenförmige Aggregate bildet und nach seinem spektrophotometrischen Verhalten Nucleoproteid-Charakter hat. Es ist physikalisch-chemisch nicht von dem „gebundenen Antigen“ des Virus-Elementarteilchens zu unterscheiden.
Auch serologisch bestehen enge Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Partikeln. Das „lösliche Antigen“ reagiert nur mit den virus-spezifischen Seren, mit denen auch das „gebundene Antigen“ eine Reaktion eingeht. Von Kaninchen-Serum gegen intakte Elementarteilchen werden beide nicht präzipitiert.
Eine Immunität gegen eine Infektion mit KP-Virus vermag das gereinigte „lösliche Antigen“ beim Huhn nicht zu erzeugen.
Elektronenoptische und chemische Untersuchungen an Zellwänden der Blaualge Phormidium uncinatum
Authors: Frank H. , Lefort Marcelle , Martin H. H. 
Published: August 2018

Quantitative chemical analysis of isolated cell walls of Phormidium uncinatum demonstrated the presence of a mucopolymer component resembling in composition that found in the cell walls of gramnegative bacteria. Electronmicroscopical investigations showed that each cell of a filament of Phormidium is lined with a mucopolymer supporting membrane, which is responsible for the rigidity of the cell wall and which can be digested by lysozyme.
Growing filaments of Phormidium, exposed to penicillin, produce well recognizable localized defects in the mucopolymer layer of their cell walls and in the corresponding layers of septa still growing. These defects appear to indicate regions of growth.
Electronmicroscopical examination of thin sections of intact filaments extend and confirm the morphological observations on isolated cell walls.
The demonstration in blue-green algae of a mucopolymer cell wall component closely resembling that previously found in cell walls of bacteria provides further evidence for a taxonomic relationship between the two classes of organisms.
Synthese von Ribonucleinsäuren in Ganzkeimen und im isolierten Ektoderm von Triturus alpestris
Authors: Tiedemann H. , Born J. , Kocher-Becker U. 
Published: August 2018

The correlation between the synthesis of different RNA-fractions and embryonic differentiation was compared by studying the RNA-synthesis in whole Triturus embryos of different ages and isolated ectoderm not induced to develop into special tissues.
In the isolated ectoderm, having the same age as neurulae, transfer-RNA as well as ribosomal-RNA is synthesized. The transfer-RNA has about the same specific activity and the ribosomal-RNA a somewhat lower specific activity compared to neurulae. Pulse-labelled RNA with a heterogeneous sedimentation pattern is likewise synthesized in whole embryos and in isolated ectoderm. — The results are in accord with the hypothesis that embryonic differentiation is directed by informational-RNA, which is only a very small part of the whole RNA.
Mischfunktionelle Oxygenierungen IV
Authors: Ullrich V. , Hey D. , Zubrzycki Z. , Staudinger Hj. 
Published: August 2018

The mechanism of aerobic hydroxylation in the presence of peroxidase and dihydroxyfumarate has been studied. Reduction of molecular oxygen proceeds by the dihydroxyfumarate semichinone and leads to the formation of the O2H radical which is reduced to an “oxen atom” as hydroxylating particle. In the peroxidase/dihydroxyfumarate/oxygen system OH radicals are also involved. Since they cannot originate from H2O2 a reduction of oxen atoms to OH radicals has to be assumed. Manganese (II) ions react with oxygen radicals and thereby inhibit hydroxylations by oxen atoms and OH radicals.
The reactions involved in the peroxidase/dihydroxyfumarate/oxygen system are summarized in a diagrammatic scheme.
Dielectric Measurements and Molecular Structure. Thermodynamic Parameters in Conformational Equilibria of α-Diazoketones
Authors: Sorriso Salvatore 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The electric dipole moments of acetyldiazomethane (MeCOCHN2) and 1-acetyl-1-diazo-ethane (MeCOMeN2) between 10 and 70 °C have been measured. Using appropriate group and bond moments, the concentrations of the two rotamers present in each have been calculated and, hence, the equilibrium constant for the cis ⇆ trans equilibrium at the various temperatures.
The change in standard enthalpy (⊿H°), standard free energy (⊿G°) and standard entropy (⊿S°) are reported for the conversion of one mole of cis isomer to trans isomer.
In the Search for New Anticancer Drugs, I Antitumor Activity of Various Nitroxyl- and Aziridine-Containing Phosphorus Compounds
Authors: Konieczny Maria , Sosnovsky George , Gutierrez Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A series of pentavalent phosphorus compounds containing the nitroxyl and/or aziridinyl moieties was evaluated for antitumor activity against P 388 and L 1210 lymphocytic leukemias, and compared to the clinical agent thio-TEPA (1). The compounds with the structures 5-13 were found to be active, with a T/C value greater than 125. The percent ILS was also determined.
Die Kristallstruktur von SrHg(SeCN)4 · 4 Pyridin / The Crystal Structure of SrHg(SeCN)4 · 4 Pyridine
Authors: Brodersen Klaus , Cygan Manfred , Hummel Hans-Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

Single crystals of SrHg(SeCN)4 · 4 pyridine are prepared by reaction of K2Hg(SeCN)4 with SrCl2 in CH3OH/C2H5OH in the presence of pyridine.
The crystal structure was solved with X-ray methods (Mr = 1024.1, space group P4̄n2, Z = 2, a = 9.552(2) Å, c = 17.610(7) Å, V = 1606.7 Å3, λ(AgKα) = 0.5583 Å, dc = 2.12 g cm-3, μ(AgKα) = 57.40 cm-1, F(000) = 943.7, T = 298 K. Final R = 0.043 for 1050 independent reflections).
The structure consists of nearly tetrahedral Hg(SeCN)4-units. The SeCN-group is linear within the experimental error. The N-atoms of SeCN and pyridine contribute to the Archimedean antiprismatic coordination of strontium
Ligandenaustauschreaktionen zwischen Halogenboranen und Alkylsilanen/Ligand Exchange Reactions between Haloboranes and Alkylsilanes
Authors: Einholz Wolfgang , Gollinger Walter , Haubold Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In a ligand exchange reaction between BHal3 (Hal = Cl, Br) and the tetraalkylsilanes Et4Si, (Me3Si)2CH2 or Ph2CHSiMe3 the alkylhaloboranes EtBBr2 or MeBHal2 and the alkylhalosilanes Et3SiBr, HalMe2Si-CH2-SiMe3, (HalMe2Si)2CH2, and Ph2CHSiMe2Br, respectively, are formed. Similarly, the methyloligosilanes (Me3Si)2 (1) and (Me3Si)2SiMe2 (2) react with BHal3 (Hal = Cl, Br, I) via methyl-halogen-transfer to give HalMe2Si-SiMe3 (Hal = Cl, Br, I), (HalMe2Si)2 (Hal = Br, I), HalMe2Si - SiMe2-SiMe3, (Me3Si)2SiMeHal, HalMe2Si - SiMeHal -SiMe3, (HalMe2Si)SiMe2 (Hal = Cl, Br) or (BrMe2Si)2SiMeBr besides MeBHal2 (Hal = Cl, Br, I) and Me2BI, respectively.
Elektroneutrale Pb4O4 -Heterokubaneinheiten in den Aluminatsodalithen Ln4[Al12O24](Pb4O4)2 (Ln = Nd, Sm) / Electrically Neutral Pb4O4 Heterocubane Units in Aluminate Sodalites Ln4[Al12O24](Pb4O4)2 (Ln = Nd, Sm)
Authors: Werner J.-P. , Müller-Buschbaum Hk. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Single crystals of Ln4[Al12O24](Pb4O4)2 (Ln = Nd, Sm) have been prepared by flux techniques. The compounds crystallize with cubic symmetry, space group Oh-Pn3̄m, aNd = 9.514(1), aSm = 9.481(1) Å, Z = 1. The crystal structure is characterized by a [Al12O24]12- framework. Four of the eight six-membered rings of AlO4-tetrahedra per sodalite cage are centered by Ln3+ ions. The cages of the resulting electrically neutral network are filled with [Pb4O4]±0 heterocubane units. Oxygen of the heterocubane units completes the coordination spheres of the rare earth ions to hexagonal bipyramids.
Preparation and X-Ray Structure of
Authors: Chivers Tristram , Parvez Masood 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The title compound was obtained in 82% yield by the intramolecular cyclization of 4-BrC6H4C(NSCCl3)[N(SiMe3)2] in CH2CI2 at 23°C. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1̄, a = 7.957(3) Å, b = 10.864(5) Å, c = 5.625(1) Å, α = 95.94(3)°, β = 97.79(2)°, γ = 100.72(3)°, V = 469.2(3) Å3, and Z =2. The bond lengths of the planar C2N2S ring indicate partial π-delocalization.
Dppa als Komplexligand: Metall-Koordination und P-N-Spaltung in Komplexen des Typs [CpM(L)dppa]X (M = Fe, Mn; L = CO, NO) / Dppa as a Ligand: Metal Coordination and P-N Cleavage in Complexes of the Type [CpM(L)dppa]X (M = Fe, Mn; L = CO, NO)
Authors: Geicke Jan , Lorenz Ingo-Peter , Mürschel Petra , Polbom Kurt 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The reactions of [CpMn(CO)2(NO)]BF4 or CpFe(CO)2Cl with PPh2NHR (R = Ph, PPh2) lead to the salts [CpML(CO)PPh2NHR]X with monodentate aminophosphine ligands. In the case of R = PPh2 (= dppa) the complexes [CpML(dppa)]X with bidentate dppa are also formed. The salt [CpFe(CO)(dppa)]Cl can be deprotonated to give the neutral complex CpFe(CO){(PPh2)2N)} with the diphosphinoamide ligand, which can be N-alkylated by Mel to afford [CpFe(CO){(PPh2)2NMe}]I. The complex [CpMn(NO)(dppa)]BF4 undergoes a P-N cleavage reaction by the solvent methanol to form [CpMn(NO)(PPh2NH2)(PPh2OMe)]BF4. The non-chelated complexes [CpFe(CO)2PPh2NHR]Cl are deprotonated by DBU to give the neutral ferrioiminophosphoranes CpFe(CO)2PPh2 = NR. For R = PPh2 photolysis leads to CO-elimination and to CpFe(CO)(PPh2NPPh2). CpFe(CO)2PPh2NPPh2 can be alkylated by Mel or metallated by CpFe(CO)2Cl to form [CpFe(CO)2PPh2NPPh2Me]I or [CpFe(CO)2PPh2NPPh2(CO)2FeCp]Cl, respectively. Oxidation of CpFe(CO)2PPh2NPPh2 is possible by (SiMe3)2O2, sulfur, or selenium to lead to the neutral complexes CpFe(CO)2PPh2=NPPh2 = E (E = O, S, Se) with a heterodiene system. The IR and NMR spectra of all species as well as the X-ray structures of the complexes [CpFe(CO)dppa]Cl, [CpMn(NO)dppa]BF4 and [CpMn(NO)(PPh2NH2)(PPh2OMe)]BF4 are reported and discussed.
Kondensationsreaktionen von Trifluornitrosomethan CF3NO mit Sulfanilamid H2NC6H4SO2NH2-Darstellung von CF3NNC6H4SO2NH2, CF3NNC6H4SO2NNCF3, CH3C(O)N(H)C6H4SO2NNCF3 und CF3C(0)N (H)C6H4SO2NH2 / Condensation Reactions of Trifluoronitrosomethane CF3NO with Sulfanilamide H2NC6H4SO2NH2- Preparation of CF3NNC6H4SO2NH2, CF3NNC6H4SO2NNCF3, CH3C(0)N(H)C6H4SO2NNCF3 and CF3C(0)N (H)C6H4SO2NH2
Authors: Minkwitz Rolf , Jakob Jens , Winter Andreas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report the condensations of trifluoronitrosom ethane with sulfanilamide. The new compounds p-trifluorom ethylazophenylsulfonamide CF3NNC6H4SO2NH2, p-trifluorom ethylazosulfonyltrifluorom ethylazobenzole CF3NNC6H4SO2NNCF3 and p-trifluoromethylazosulfonylacetanilide CH3C(O)N(H)C6H4SO2NNCF3 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, Raman, mass, 1H , 19F and 13C NMR spectroscopy. In addition we present our approach to the preparation of p-trifluorom ethylazosulfonylaniline H2NC6H 4SO2NNCF3 by using protecting groups for the amino group.
Bis(silylation) of Tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium Methylide
Authors: Dreihäupl Karl-Heinz , Bauer Andreas , Schmidbaur Hubert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Treatment of (Me2N)3PCHSiMe3 with Me3SiOTf (OTf = triflate) affords the phosphonium salt [(Me2N)3PCH(SiMe3)2]OTf (2a), which can be converted into the correspond­ing ylide (Me2N)3PC(SiMe3)2 (3a) in high yield using NaN(SiMe3)2. The compounds with SiMe2Ph substituents (2, 3b) are obtained following an analogous procedure. The ylide (Me2N)3PC[Si(OMe)3]2 (3c) is available in 50% yield by direct transylidation of (MeO)3SiOTf with (Me2N)3PCH2 in the molar ratio 2:3, with [(Me2N)3PMe]OTf as the by-product. Com­pound 3c is a distillable liquid, but 3a,b are crystalline solids the structure of which has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both compounds feature a trigonal planar ylidic carbon atom and short ylidic P-C and Si-C bonds. The nitrogen atoms are also in a planar configuration with non-standard orientations of the NMe2 groups at the phosphorus atoms. These data are in agreement with the results of recent quantum chemical calculations of simple prototypes which show very flat energy profiles for internal motions (rotation, inversion) of dimethylamino groups at the phosphorus atoms in phosphines and phosphoranes.
Kristallstruktur von [PMePh3] [Cl - 1 - C≡C - Ph]/Crystal Structure of [PMePh3] [Cl - I - C≡C - Ph]
Authors: Ghassemzadeh Mitra , Harms Klaus , Dehnicke Kurt 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The donor-acceptor complex [Cl-I-C≡C-Ph]- has been prepared as the methyl-triphenyl-phosphonium salt from 1-iodo-2-phenylacetylene and [PMePh3]N3 in CH2Cl2 solution. It forms co­lourless single crystals which were characterized by a crystal structure determination. Space group Pbca, Z = 8, lattice dimensions at -80 °C: a = 1047.1(1), b = 1700.3(1), c = 2793.2(1) pm, R = 0.035. The chloride ion is coordinated at the io­dine atom of the 1-iodo-2-phenylacetylene molecule in a nearly linear arrangement [CI-I-C≡C-Ph]- with bond lengths I-Cl of 302.4 pm and I-C of 203.1(5) pm.
Darstellung und Kristallstrukturbestimmung von 1,2-Di-t-butyl-1,2-diiodo- diarsan (t-C4H9AsI)2 und Synthese von 1,2,3,4-Tetrakis(t-butyl)tetraarsetan (t-C4H9As)4 über selektive Reduktion von t-Butylarsendiiodid t-C4H9AsI2 Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 1,2-Di-t-butyl-1,2-diiododiarsane (t-C4H9AsI)2 and Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrakis(t-butyl)tetraarsetane (t-C4H9As)4 via Selective Reduction of t-Butylarsenic Diiodide t-C4H9AsI2
Authors: Megges Klaus , Avtomonov Evgeni V. , Lorberth Jörg 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
1,2,3,4-Tetrakis(t-butyl)tetraarsetane (t-C4H9As)4(4) has been synthesized by reduction of t-butylarsenic (III) diiodide (1) with equivalent quantities of either Mg, Ca, Zn, Li, or CoCp2 in THF at low temperatures in high yields. Treatment of 1 with CoCp2 in a molar ratio 1:1 in n-pentane at -78 °C leads to the formation of 1,2-di-t-butyl-1,2-diiododiarsine (2) (t-C4H9AsI)2 in 69 % yield. The products have been characterized by spectroscopic methods (H, 13C-NMR, EI-MS) and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of 2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods.
Strukturen zweier isomerer Gadolinium(III)-Polyaminopolycarboxylate -Argumente für signifikante Unterschiede ihrer 1H-NMR-Relaxation/Structures of Two Isomeric Gadolinium(III) Polyamino Polycarboxylates -Relation to their Significant Differences in 1H NMR Relaxation
Authors: Ruloff Robert , Gelbrich Thomas , Sieler Joachim , Hoyer Eberhard , Beyer Lothar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We present preparation and X-ray crystal structures of gadolinium(III) complexes with two isomeric ligands; triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid, H6ttha, and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-hexaacetic acid, H6ttaha, respectively. In case of [C(NH2)3]2[Gd(Httha)] · 5 H2O (1) the inner coordination sphere is made up of 9 donor atoms of the ligand and reflects the low efficiency in accelerating 1H NMR relaxation of an aqueous solution. In case of [C(NH2)3]3[Gd(ttaha)] · 3 H2O (2) the coordination number of 9 is realized via 7 donor atoms of the ligand and 2 oxygen atoms of a pending acetate group of the adjacent complex. Luminescence studies in aqueous solution confirm replacement of this acetate group by 2 water molecules. The relaxivity of [Gd(Httaha)]2- is 7.3 ± 0.1 mM -1 s -1 as determined at pH = 7.2, 20 MHz and 40°C.