bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and variables associated with arrhythmias during dobutamine–atropine stress echocardiography among patients with Chagas disease
Authors: Carmo Rassi Daniela , Hotta Viviane Tiemi , Gomes Furtado Rogério , Campos Vieira Marcelo Luiz , Paula Turco Fabio , Henrique Melato Luciano , Godoy Nunes Colandy , Rassi Luiz , Rassi Salvador 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) is an important tool in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. However, there is hesitation in clinical practice for using it in patients with Chagas disease (CD) due to the arrhythmogenic potential of this heart condition. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and variables associated with arrhythmias during DSE in a population of patients with CD.MethodsA population of 205 consecutive patients with CD and suspected coronary heart disease was assessed through a retrospective database analysis. CD was confirmed in all patients by serological testing.ResultsThe mean age of the patients selected was 64 years, and 65.4% of the patients were female. Significant arrhythmias occurred as follows: nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 7.3% of patients; supraventricular tachycardia and sustained ventricular tachycardia in 1%; and atrial fibrillation in 0.5%. Nonsignificant arrhythmias occurred as follows: premature ventricular contractions in 48% of patients and bigeminy in 4.4%. Values for the wall‐motion score index at rest greater than 1.12 and 1.18 were independently correlated with the occurrence of nonsignificant arrhythmias (odds ratio [OR] = 2.90, P < 0.001) and significant arrhythmias (OR = 4.23, P = 0.044), respectively.ConclusionDSE should be considered a safe examination in patients with CD despite the known increased risk of arrhythmias in this group of patients. The occurrence of arrhythmias was low in this study. Abnormal wall‐motion score index values at rest were associated with the occurrence of significant and nonsignificant arrhythmias during the test.
Staged treatment and acceptability guidelines in early psychosis study (STAGES): A randomized placebo controlled trial of intensive psychosocial treatment plus or minus antipsychotic medication for first‐episode psychosis with low‐risk of self‐harm or aggression. Study protocol and baseline characteristics of participants
Authors: O'Donoghue Brian , Francey Shona M. , Nelson Barnaby , Ratheesh Aswin , Allott Kelly , Graham Jessica , Baldwin Lara , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario , Thompson Andrew , Fornito Alex , Polari Andrea , Berk Michael , Macneil Craig , Crisp Kingsley , Pantelis Christos , Yuen Hok P. , Harrigan Susy , McGorry Patrick 
Published: July 2019

AimIt is now necessary to investigate whether recovery in psychosis is possible without the use of antipsychotic medication. This study will determine (1) whether a first‐episode psychosis (FEP) group receiving intensive psychosocial interventions alone can achieve symptomatic remission and functional recovery; (2) whether prolonging the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in a sub‐group according to randomisation will be associated with a poorer outcome and thereby establish whether the relationship between DUP and outcome is causative; and (3) whether neurobiological changes observed in FEP are associated with the psychotic disorder or antipsychotic medication. Baseline characteristics of participants will be presented.MethodsThis study is a triple‐blind randomized placebo‐controlled non‐inferiority trial. The primary outcome is the level of functioning measured by the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale at 6 months. This study is being conducted at the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, Melbourne and includes young people aged 15 to 24 years with a DSM‐IV psychotic disorder, a DUP less than 6 months and not high risk for suicide or harm to others. Strict discontinuation criteria are being applied. Participants are also undergoing three 3‐Tesla‐MRI scans.ResultsNinety participants have been recruited and baseline characteristics are presented.ConclusionsStaged treatment and acceptability guidelines in early psychosis will determine whether antipsychotic medications are indicated in all young people with a FEP and whether antipsychotic medication can be safely delayed. Furthermore, the relative contribution of psychotic illness and antipsychotic medication in terms of structural brain changes will also be elucidated. The findings will inform clinical practice guidelines.
Mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders at‐risk for bipolar disorder: A psychoeducation waitlist controlled pilot trial
Authors: Cotton Sian , Kraemer Kristen M. , Sears Richard W. , Strawn Jeffrey R. , Wasson Rachel S. , McCune Nina , Welge Jeffrey , Blom Thomas J. , Durling Michelle , Delbello Melissa P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimPrevious studies suggest that Mindfulness‐Based Cognitive Therapy for Children (MBCT‐C) is feasible and may improve anxiety and emotion regulation in youth with anxiety disorders at‐risk for bipolar disorder. However, controlled studies are warranted to replicate and extend these findings.MethodsIn the current study, 24 youth with anxiety disorders who have at least one parent with bipolar disorder participated in a MBCT‐C treatment period (n = 24; Mage = 13.6, 75% girls, 79% White) with a subset also participating in a prior psychoeducation waitlist control period (n = 19 Mage = 13.8, 68% girls, 84% White). Participants in both the waitlist and MBCT‐C periods completed independently‐rated symptom scales at each time point. Participants in the waitlist period received educational materials 12 weeks prior to the beginning of MBCT‐C.ResultsThere were significantly greater improvements in overall clinical severity in the MBCT‐C period compared to the waitlist period, but not in clinician‐ and child‐rated anxiety, emotion regulation or mindfulness. However, increases in mindfulness were associated with improvements in anxiety and emotion regulation in the MBCT‐C period, but not the waitlist period.ConclusionsFindings suggest that MBCT‐C may be effective for improving overall clinical severity in youth with anxiety disorders who are at‐risk for bipolar disorder. However, waitlist controlled designs may inflate effect sizes so interpret with caution. Larger studies utilizing prospective randomized controlled designs are warranted.
The relation of basic self‐disturbance to self‐harm, eating disorder symptomatology and other clinical features: Exploration in an early psychosis sample
Authors: Rasmussen Andreas R. , Reich Daniel , Lavoie Suzie , Li Emily , Hartmann Jessica A. , McHugh Meredith , Whitford Thomas J. , Nelson Barnaby 
Published: July 2019

Background and AimsThe notion of basic self‐disturbance has been proposed as a core feature of schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders and as an indicator of future transition to psychosis in high‐risk populations. However, the relation of this notion to many clinical characteristics has not been explored. The aim of this study was: (a) to investigate the distribution of self‐disturbance and other symptoms dimensions in ultra‐high risk (UHR), first‐episode psychosis (FEP) and healthy control groups; and (b) to explore the association of self‐disturbance with a history of self‐harm, suicidal attempt, eating disorder symptomatology, school bullying victimization and sexual or physical abuse.MethodsPatients with UHR status (n = 38) or FEP (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 33) were assessed with the Examination of Anomalous Self‐Experience (EASE) and the Comprehensive Assessment of at Risk Mental States (CAARMS). The clinical‐historical variables were assessed through medical records.ResultsThe FEP group scored significantly higher on the EASE than the UHR group, which scored significantly higher than the healthy control group, which had a very low score. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that higher EASE score was significantly associated with a history of self‐harm, disordered eating and bullying victimization (but not with suicide attempts or sexual/physical abuse) after controlling for positive, negative and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThese novel findings suggest that self‐disturbance may be related to a history of school bullying victimization, self‐harm and eating disorder symptomatology in patients with or at‐risk of psychosis. If further confirmed, these findings are potentially relevant to clinical risk assessment and therapy.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the effect of temperature on mixed‐mode fracture behaviour of AM60 Mg alloy
Authors: Es'haghi Oskui Abuzar , Soltani Nasser 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe aim of present paper is to experimentally investigate mixed‐mode fracture behaviour of AM60 Mg alloy at low and elevated temperatures. For this purpose, mode I, 45° mixed‐mode, and mode II tests were conducted using a modified version of Arcan device at three different temperatures. An elastic‐plastic finite element model was used to extract necessary geometric parameters. Crack resistance curves (J‐R) and critical J‐integral of the material were extracted. The results indicated that, for all loading modes, maximum critical J‐integral value was observed at ambient temperature and decreased by either increasing or decreasing the temperature. It was observed that effect of temperature on fracture behaviour is much larger at temperatures above 0°C rather than sub‐zero temperatures. By changing the loading angle to go from mode I to mode II, a decreasing trend was observed in the values of critical fracture parameters at all temperatures. Finally, the surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) invasions disrupt the functional patterns of fish community in a large subtropical river in China
Authors: Shuai Fangmin , Li Xinhui , Liu Qianfu , Zhu Shuli , Wu Zhi , Zhang Yingqiu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough non‐native species can modify ecosystem function, their effects in southern China have not been investigated, despite their ecological importance. This study assessed how Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) invasions impact the functional patterns of fish communities in the large subtropical Pearl River by analysing the relationships between invasion and body size over a 9‐year period. The relative abundance of Nile tilapia increased significantly over time. In particular, the established Nile tilapia significantly undermined the relative densities and the body size of the native fishes. Importantly, this study provided empirical evidence that functional indices (such as body size) are more sensitive when evaluating the effects of non‐native species on a community than richness. Understanding processes such as those should be the basis of controlling alien fish species and fisheries management in the Pearl River.
Dermatopathological characteristics of dermatofibromas from dermatoscopic clues
Authors: Genc Yeser , Akay Bengu Nisa , Okcu Heper Aylin , Rosendahl Cliff , Erdem Cengizhan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSeveral types of dermatofibroma (DF) have been identified dermatopathologically and with dermatoscopic correlation, the dermatopathology has been predictable in limited studies so far. We identify DFs with specific dermatoscopic structures and determine the respective dermatopathological correlates.MethodsDermatoscopic and dermatopathologic correlation of 403 DFs were assessed. A pattern analysis algorithm was used for the dermatoscopic evaluation, each lesion being evaluated according to 10 dermatoscopic patterns with further subdivision of the atypical subtype according and their dermatoscopic similarities to other defined skin lesions.ResultsDermatoscopic pattern analysis showed typical patterns in 83.4% of DFs with atypical patterns in 16.6%. We classified the atypical DFs according to their dermatoscopic similarity to certain lesions: Melanoma‐like 2.7%, basal cell carcinoma‐like 0.7%, keratoacanthoma‐like 0.5%, seborrheic keratosis‐like 2.7%; nevus‐like 1.5%; nevus sebaceous‐like 0.9%; xanthogranuloma‐like 0.5%; pyogenic granuloma‐like 0.5%; and spitzoid 6.5%. Dermatopathologically 12 subtypes of DFs were identified. It was found that the most common pattern found in fibrocollagenous DFs was the typical pattern with peripheral reticular lines and central white structureless area (32.9%) whereas non‐fibrocollagenous types were more likely to have atypical patterns (65.1%).ConclusionsOur study resulted in new conclusions while supporting some previous findings. The fact that the pathogenesis of DF involves a reactive inflammatory process with fibrosis is likely to have diverse effects on dermatoscopic morphology. If atypical dermatoscopic patterns are identified in suspected DF, excisional biopsy may be prudent.
Model‐based analysis on systemic availability of co‐administered cannabinoids after controlled vaporised administration
Authors: Liu Zheng , Galettis Peter , Broyd Samantha J. , van Hell Hendrika , Greenwood Lisa‐Marie , de Krey Peter , Steigler Amy , Zhu Xiao , Schneider Jennifer , Solowij Nadia , Martin Jennifer H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe most important two medicinal cannabinoids are Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Vaporised administration is superior due to its higher systemic availability, lower individual variability and faster drug delivery. Although it is common THC is co‐administered with CBD, the influence of CBD on the pharmacokinetics, especially the systemic availability of THC after vaporised administration, is unknown.AimsTo investigate the influence of different doses of co‐administered CBD on the systemic availability of THC, and to compare the availability of THC and CBD in a sample of frequent and infrequent cannabis users.MethodsThe study used a randomised, double‐blind, crossover placebo‐controlled design. THC and/or CBD in ethanol was vaporised and inhaled. Plasma concentrations of THC and CBD were analysed. The THC data created in this study were pooled together with published THC pharmacokinetic data in order to cover all the phases of THC disposition. Population pharmacokinetic model of THC was developed based on the pooled data. The model of CBD was developed based on the data created in this study.ResultsPopulation pharmacokinetic models of THC and CBD were developed. With concomitant inhalation of high‐dose CBD, the systemic availability of THC decreased significantly. Frequent cannabis users appeared to have higher systemic availability of THC and CBD when high‐dose CBD was administered.ConclusionsThe results observed in this study are useful for guiding future pharmacokinetic studies of medicinal cannabinoids, and for development of dosing guidelines for medical use of cannabis in the ‘real‐world’ setting.
Effectiveness on hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers prevention: a systematic review
Authors: Gaspar Susana , Peralta Miguel , Marques Adilson , Budri Aglécia , Gaspar de Matos Margarida 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe effective approach on pressure ulcer (PU) prevention regarding patient safety in the hospital context was evaluated. Studies were identified from searches in EBSCO host, PubMed, and WebofScience databases from 2009 up to December 2018. Studies were selected if they were published in English, French, Portuguese, or Spanish; incidence of PUs was the primary outcome; participants were adults (≥18 years) admitted in hospital wards and/or units. The review included 26 studies. Studies related to prophylactic dressings applied in the sacrum, trochanters, and/or heels, education for health care professionals, and preventive skin care and system reminders on‐screen inpatient care plan were effective in decreasing PUs. Most of the studies related to multiple intervention programmes were effective in decreasing PU occurrence. Single interventions, namely support surfaces and repositioning, were not always effective in preventing PUs. Repositioning only was effective when supported by technological pressure‐mapping feedback or by a patient positioning system. Risk‐assessment tools are not effective in preventing PUs. PUs in the hospital context are still a worldwide issue related to patient safety. Multiple intervention programmes were more effective in decreasing PU occurrence than single interventions in isolation. Single interventions (prophylactic dressings, support surfaces, repositioning, preventive skin care, system reminders, and education for health care professionals) were effective in decreasing PUs, which was always in compliance with other preventive measures. These results provide an overview of effective approaches that should be considered when establishing evidence‐based guidelines to hospital health care professionals and administrators for clinical practice effective in preventing PUs.
Epidemiology of cutaneous porphyria in Israel: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Edel Y. , Mamet R. , Snast I. , Kaftory R. , Mazor S. , Hodak E. , Lapidoth M. , Elis A. , Molad Y. , Levi A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFrom a dermatologist's perspective, there are four major types of cutaneous porphyrias (CPs): porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), variegate porphyria (VP) and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP). Scarce data are available regarding the epidemiology of CPs.ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of CPs in Israel, including distribution, incidence and prevalence rates of major types.MethodsThis retrospective study includes all patients who were diagnosed with CPs between the years 1988–2018. It is based on data from Israel's National Service for the Biochemical Diagnoses of Porphyrias, and Israeli patients’ nationwide electronic medical charts. Incidence and prevalence rates were calculated.ResultsOf 173 patients with CPs diagnosed during a 30‐year period, 65 (38%) had VP, 62 (36%) had PCT, 31 (18%) had HCP and 15 (9%) had EPP; with incidence rates of 0.29, 0.30, 0.17, 0.07, and prevalence rates of 6.3, 4.8, 2.9, 1.6, respectively, per million population. Characteristics of patients with PCT differed from those with other CPs with regard to lack of family history, older mean age at diagnosis [51 vs. 36 (VP), 35 (HCP) and 25 (EPP) years] and male predominance (81% vs. similar distribution). All patients with PCT were diagnosed at adulthood, while 20%, 19% and 15% of patients with VP, HCP and EPP, respectively, were diagnosed during childhood or adolescence.ConclusionsVariegate porphyria and PCT were found to be the most prevalent in Israel; however, CPs might be underdiagnosed, thus dermatologists’ awareness of these rare disorders is highly important.
Bite performance and feeding behaviour of the sand tiger sharkCarcharias taurus
Authors: Moyer Joshua K. , Shannon Stephanie F. , Irschick Duncan J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examines the feeding behaviour and kinematics of three sub‐adult sand tiger sharksCarcharias tauruson display at Mystic Aquarium (Mystic, Connecticut, USA). Using high‐speed video data from 52 bites, we identify kinematic variables associated with the expansive and compressive phases of the bite. The mean bite duration from the onset of the expansive phase to the conclusion of the compressive phase is mean (± SE) 0.14 ± 0.01 s and across the 10 fastest bites of each individual, the maximum performance average is 0.13 ± 0.01 s. Values of maximum performance do not vary significantly among individuals. When compared with kinematic bite data from species studied previously, these results indicate that body size is not the only determinant factor of bite duration. This study also provides detailed descriptions of feeding behaviours inC.taurusand presents documentation of tooth loss both prior to and during feeding, suggesting that there are multiple mechanisms of tooth loss and use inC.taurus. Finally, we discuss the behavioural and ecological components of prey capture inC.taurusand suggest points of consideration to facilitate interspecific comparisons of prey capture performance in ram‐feeding, macrophagous elasmobranchs.
Label‐free multiphoton microscopic imaging as a novel real‐time approach for discriminating colorectal lesions: A preliminary study
Authors: He Kexin , Zhao Lili , Chen Yingtong , Huang Xiaoyang , Ding Ying , Hua Hongjin , Liu Li , Wang Xiang , Wang Min , Zhang Yong , Fan Zhining 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough various endoscopic technologies have been developed to increase the visual diagnostic accuracy of colorectal precancerosis and early carcinoma, the biopsy‐dependent pathology still remains the golden standard. During routine endoscopy, real‐time optical histological diagnosis is desired. Without fluorescent label, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) imaging directly reveals live cellular morphology and tissue microenvironment based on intrinsic two‐photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation signals. Its high‐imaging resolution and performance are comparable with the histopathology. We thus aimed to initially investigate the original features of colorectal diseases under MPM and evaluate its potential for real‐time diagnosis.MethodsExperimental and diagnostic cohorts were designed. Multiphoton images of 40 ex vivo fresh tissues confirmed pathologically of colorectal normal tissues, hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and adenocarcinomas were collected. Features were recorded to establish diagnostic standards with MPM. For the second cohort with 92 fresh tissues, we distinguished the various colorectal diseases with conclusive MPM features.ResultsThrough the investigation, the colorectal diseases were presented differences in the crypt opening, gland structure, epithelial cells, and collagen fibers. With the typical features, we preliminarily tested the diagnostic efficiency and found that its sensitivity for distinguishing normal, hyperplastic polyps, adenoma and adenocarcinoma was 88.89%, 76.47%, 83.33%, and 97.92%, while the specificity was 99.32%, 94.00%, 94.92%, and 94.12%, respectively.ConclusionThe real‐time multiphoton microscopic imaging can be effective to identify the colorectal lesions with high resolution. Via integrating with the endoscopes in the future, it could promote precise optical diagnosis in clinics.