bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Chain‐Elongated Oligophenylenevinylene Electrolyte Increases Microbial Membrane Stability
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Chia Geraldine W. N. , Ho James C. S. , Moreland Alex S. , Seviour Thomas , Liedberg Bo , Parikh Atul N. , Kjelleberg Staffan , Hinks Jamie , Bazan Guillermo C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA novel conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE) material, named S6, is designed to have a lipid‐bilayer stabilizing topology afforded by an extended oligophenylenevinylene backbone. S6 intercalates biological membranes acting as a hydrophobic support for glycerophospholipid acyl chains. Indeed, Escherichia coli treated with S6 exhibits a twofold improvement in butanol tolerance, a relevant feature to achieve within the general context of modifying microorganisms used in biofuel production. Filamentous growth, a morphological stress response to butanol toxicity in E. coli, is observed in untreated cells after incubation with 0.9% butanol (v/v), but is mitigated by S6 treatment. Real‐time fluorescence imaging using giant unilamellar vesicles reveals the extent to which S6 counters membrane instability. Moreover, S6 also reduces butanol‐induced lipopolysaccharide release from the outer membrane to further maintain cell integrity. These findings highlight a deliberate effort in the molecular design of a chain‐elongated COE to stabilize microbial membranes against environmental challenges.
Fabricating Single‐Atom Catalysts from Chelating Metal in Open Frameworks
Authors: Lin Yichao , Liu Pingying , Velasco Ever , Yao Ge , Tian Ziqi , Zhang Linjuan , Chen Liang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present study, a highly efficient strategy is reported using open framework platforms with abundant chelating ligands to fabricate a series of stable metal single‐atom catalysts (SACs). Here, the metal ions are initially anchored onto the active bipyridine sites through postsynthetic modification, followed by pyrolysis and acid leaching. The resulting single metal atoms are uniformly distributed on a nitrogen‐doped carbon (N‐C) matrix. Interestingly, each metal atom is found to be coordinated with five N atoms, in contrast to the average coordination number of four as previously reported. The as‐prepared Fe SAC/N‐C catalyst exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity (with a half‐wave potential of 0.89 V), outstanding stability, and good methanol tolerance. The density functional calculations reveal that the coordinated pyridine can favorably modulate the interaction strength of oxygen on the Fe ion and thus improve the ORR activity. More importantly, it is demonstrated that this strategy can be successfully extended to the preparation of other transition metal SACs, simply by altering the metal precursors used in the metalation step.
Glucose Oxidase‐Instructed Multimodal Synergistic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fu Lian‐Hua , Qi Chao , Hu Yan‐Ru , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOver the past 3 years, glucose oxidase (GOx) has aroused great research interest in the context of cancer treatment due to its inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and its unique catalytic properties against β‐d‐glucose. GOx can effectively catalyze the oxidation of glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide. This process depletes oxygen levels, resulting in elevated acidity, hypoxia, and oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment. All of these changes can be readily harnessed to develop a multimodal synergistic cancer therapy by combining GOx with other therapeutic approaches. Herein, the representative studies of GOx‐instructed multimodal synergistic cancer therapy are introduced, and their synergistic mechanisms are discussed systematically. The current challenges and future prospects to advance the development of GOx‐based nanomedicines in this cutting‐edge research area are highlighted.
Efficient Solar Cells Employing Light‐Harvesting Sb0.67Bi0.33SI
Authors: Nie Riming , Im Jino , Seok Sang Il 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSb1−xBixSI, an isostructural material with the well‐known quasi‐1D SbSI, possesses good semiconductive and ferroelectric properties but is not applied in solar cells. Herein, solar cells based on alloyed Sb0.67Bi0.33SI (ASBSI) as a light harvester are fabricated. ASBSI is prepared through the reaction of bismuth triiodide in N,N‐dimethylformamide solution with an antimony trisulfide film deposited on a mesoporous (mp)‐TiO2 electrode via chemical bath deposition at 250 °C under an argon or nitrogen atmosphere; the alloy exhibits a promising bandgap (1.62 eV). The best performing cell fabricated with poly[2,6‐(4,4‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐4H‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene)‐alt‐4,7‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] as the hole‐transporting layer shows 4.07% in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) under the standard illumination conditions of 100 mW cm−2. The unencapsulated cells exhibit good comprehensive stability with retention of 92% of zjr initial PCE under ambient conditions of 60% relative humidity over 360 h, 93% after 1 sun illumination for 1254 min, and 92% after storage at 85 °C in air for 360 h.
Self‐Healing of Polarizing Films via the Synergy between Gold Nanorods and Vitrimer
Authors: Zhao Gui , Zhou Yusai , Wang Jiayi , Wu Zhonghua , Wang Hong , Chen Hongyu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConventional self‐healing is about the recovery of shape and mechanical properties. In contrast, recovery of functional properties is still a great challenge, especially for optical functional materials, as the known self‐healing methods are incompatible with optical properties. By utilizing the synergistic effect between Au nanorods and vitrimer, the alignment of Au nanorods can be achieved in the crosslinked polymer. The optical properties of the resulting polarizing film, such as light transmittance and polarization degree, can be fully recovered without an external repair agent. With simple laser irradiation to induce the photothermal effect of Au nanorods, the shape‐memory effect of vitrimer returns the Au nanorods to their initial orientation, and the plasticity achieves in situ self‐healing of the cutting area. The self‐healing of polarizing film provides a new research direction and reference for the application of self‐healing systems in functional materials.
Enhanced π–π Interactions of Nonfullerene Acceptors by Volatilizable Solid Additives in Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Yu Runnan , Yao Huifeng , Chen Zhenyu , Xin Jingmin , Hong Ling , Xu Ye , Zu Yunfei , Ma Wei , Hou Jianhui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFine‐tuning of the nanoscale morphologies of the active layers in polymer solar cells (PSCs) through various techniques plays a vital role in improving the photovoltaic performance. However, for emerging nonfullerene (NF) PSCs, the morphology optimization of the active‐layer films empirically follows the methods originally developed in fullerene‐based blends and lacks systematic studies. In this work, two solid additives with different volatilities, SA‐4 and SA‐7, are applied to investigate their influence on the morphologies and photovoltaic performances of NF‐PSCs. Although both solid additives effectively promote the molecular packing of the NF acceptors, due to the higher volatility of SA‐4, the devices processed with SA‐4 exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 13.5%, higher than that of the control devices, and the devices processed with SA‐7 exhibit poor performances. Through a series of detailed morphological analyses, it is found that the volatilization of SA‐4 after thermal annealing is beneficial for the self‐assembly packing of acceptors, while the residuals due to the incomplete volatilization of SA‐7 have a negative effect on the film morphology. The results delineate the feasibility of applying volatilizable solid additives and provide deeper insights into the working mechanism, establishing guidelines for further material design of solid additives.
Enhanced UV‐C Detection of Perovskite Photodetector Arrays via Inorganic CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot Down‐Conversion Layer
Authors: Zou Taoyu , Liu Xiyuan , Qiu Renzheng , Wang Ya , Huang Shuyi , Liu Chuan , Dai Qing , Zhou Hang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOrganometal halide perovskites have been considered as promising candidates for high‐performance low‐cost photodetectors. Nonetheless, as perovskite photodetectors are usually built on glass or polymer substrates, their UV‐C (200–280 nm) photodetection ability is quite limited due to the high absorption of glass or polymer substrates. Here, a uniform UV photodetector array which integrates perovskite photodiodes with inorganic CsPbBr3 quantum dot (QD) fluorophor is reported. CsPbBr3 quantum dot fluorophor not only acts as an efficient down‐conversion layer to convert UV light into 510 nm light, but also functions as a protective layer to prevent degradation of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite by UV light. Compared to direct UV‐C (279 nm) detection with perovskite photodiode, the QD integrated photodetector shows a higher responsibility and detectivity to UV‐C, with values enhanced by 1 order in magnitude. This work provides a low‐cost and effective approach for all perovskite‐based UV‐C photodetectors and imagers.
Energy‐Sensitive GaSb/AlAsSb Separate Absorption and Multiplication Avalanche Photodiodes for X‐Ray and Gamma‐Ray Detection
Authors: Juang Bor‐Chau , Chen Andrew , Ren Dingkun , Liang Baolai , Prout David L. , Chatziioannou Arion F. , Huffaker Diana L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDemonstrated are antimony‐based (Sb‐based) separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodiodes (SAM‐APDs) for X‐ray and gamma‐ray detection, which are composed of GaSb absorbers and large bandgap AlAsSb multiplication regions in order to enhance the probability of stopping high‐energy photons while drastically suppressing the minority carrier diffusion. Well‐defined X‐ray and gamma‐ray photopeaks are observed under exposure to 241Am radioactive sources, demonstrating the desirable energy‐sensitive detector performance. Spectroscopic characterizations show a significant improvement of measured energy resolution due to reduced high‐peak electric field in the absorbers and suppressed nonradiative recombination on surfaces. Additionally, the GaSb/AlAsSb SAM‐APDs clearly exhibit energy response linearity up to 59.5 keV with a minimum full‐width half‐maximum of 1.283 keV. A further analysis of the spectroscopic measurement suggests that the device performance is intrinsically limited by the noise from the readout electronics rather than that from the photodiodes. This study provides a first understanding of Sb‐based energy‐sensitive SAM‐APDs and paves the way to achieving efficient detection of high‐energy photons for X‐ray and gamma‐ray spectroscopy.
Plasmonic Metasurfaces with High UV–Vis Transmittance for Photopatterning of Designer Molecular Orientations
Authors: Yu Hao , Jiang Miao , Guo Yubing , Turiv Taras , Lu Wu , Ray Vishva , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Wei Qi‐Huo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecent developments of utilizing plasmonic metasurfaces in photopatterning of designer molecular orientations have facilitated numerous new applications of liquid crystals; while the optical efficiency of the metamasks remains a critical issue, especially in the UV region. Here a new design of plasmonic metasurfaces made of parallelepiped arrays is presented which yield very high and broadband transmission in the UV–vis wavelength range. It is shown that this plasmonic metamask exhibits two polarization peaks originated from a cavity mode and lattice resonance respectively and demonstrated that complex designer molecular orientations can be photopatterned by using this metamask with significantly reduced exposure time. This type of high‐efficiency broadband plasmonic metasurfaces is not only important for high resolution photopatterning of molecular orientation but also tailorable for various other flat optics applications in the UV and near UV regions.
Anisotropic MXene Aerogels with a Mechanically Tunable Ratio of Electromagnetic Wave Reflection to Absorption
Authors: Han Meikang , Yin Xiaowei , Hantanasirisakul Kanit , Li Xinliang , Iqbal Aamir , Hatter Christine B. , Anasori Babak , Koo Chong Min , Torita Takeshi , Soda Yoshito , Zhang Litong , Cheng Laifei , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLightweight and mechanically flexible materials that can provide efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are highly desirable for protecting portable and smart electronic devices against electromagnetic pollution. Here, the authors report a tunable design of a three‐dimensional (3D) porous aerogel structure made of 2D transition metal carbides and a carbonitride (MXene) with a long‐range order of aligned lamellar architecture for EMI shielding. Bidirectional freeze‐casting of MXene colloidal solutions is used to fabricate robust, compressible and lightweight aerogels, and achieve orientational assembly leading to outstanding EMI shielding performance and tunable ratio of reflection to absorption. EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of three types of MXene aerogels (Ti3C2Tx, Ti2CTx, and Ti3CNTx) reaches 70.5, 69.2, and 54.1 dB, respectively, while keeping the compression thickness at 1 mm and a density of only ≈11.0 mg cm−3. The highest specific SE reaches 8818.2 dB cm3 g−1, which is among the best values reported for EMI shielding materials. More importantly, during the compression process of the MXene aerogels, the ratio of electromagnetic wave reflection to absorption increases without noticeable change of the total EMI SE. Compressible MXene aerogels with aligned layers offer an effective approach to control the electromagnetic wave absorption and reflection in EMI shielding materials.
Breaking Trade‐Off between Selectivity and Activity of Nickel‐Based Hydrogenation Catalysts by Tuning Both Steric Effect and d‐Band Center
Authors: Gao Ruijie , Pan Lun , Wang Huiwen , Yao Yunduo , Zhang Xiangwen , Wang Li , Zou Ji‐Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor selective hydrogenation of chemicals the high selectivity is always at the expense of activity and improving both selectivity and activity is challenging. Here, by chelating with p‐fluorothiophenol (SPhF)‐arrays, both steric and electronic effects are created to boost the performance of cheap nickel‐based catalysts. Compared with dinickel phosphide, the SPhF‐chelated one exhibits nearly 12 times higher activity and especially its selectivity is increased from 38.1% and 21.3% to nearly 100% in hydrogenations of 3‐nitrostyrene and cinnamaldehyde. Commercial catalysts like Raney Ni chelating with SPhF‐array also exhibits an enhanced selectivity from 20.5% and 23.4% to ≈100% along with doubled activity. Both experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculation prove that the superior performance is attributed to the confined flat adsorption by ordered SPhF‐arrays and downshifted d‐band center of catalysts, leading to prohibited hydrogenation of the vinyl group and accelerative H2 activation. Such a surface modification can provide an easily‐realized and low‐cost way to design catalysts for the selective hydrogenation.
Synthesis of α‐Fluoroenones by Elimination of α‐Chloro‐α‐fluoroketones
Authors: Naruse Atsushi , Kitahara Kazumasa , Iwasa Seiji , Shibatomi Kazutaka 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new synthetic route to α‐fluoroenones was developed. Decarboxylative chlorination of α‐fluoro‐β‐oxocarboxylic acids afforded α‐chloro‐α‐fluoroketones, and subsequent base‐mediated elimination yielded the corresponding α‐fluoroenones. The method successfully produced both cyclic and acyclic α‐fluoroenones in good yields. Furthermore, the method was applicable to the synthesis of not only aromatic but also aliphatic enones. The method allows the preparation of a variety of α‐fluoroenones, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of various fluoroorganic compounds.
Child deprivation in Australia: A child‐focused approach
Authors: Saunders Peter , Brown Judith E. , Bedford Megan , Naidoo Yuvisthi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIncome‐based studies of child poverty treat children and young people as effectively invisible and determine the poverty status of families or households on the basis of information that is provided by, and is primarily about, adults. In contrast, the consensual deprivation approach provides a way of developing measures that reflect the views of children about what constitutes poverty and can be applied to data that children themselves provide. This paper extends earlier Australian studies of adult deprivation by applying a similar approach to children aged 11–17 attending a NSW government high school. Focus groups were conducted with children to help identify items regarded as essential for all children, and the results informed the development of a survey that was completed by over 2,600 students. The survey asked about 24 items, 18 of which were retained after statistical testing, and these items form the basis of the deprivation analysis. The findings indicate that a substantial proportion of survey respondents experience either or both of material deprivation and social exclusion. A new Child Deprivation Index (CDI) is developed and used to compare the circumstances of different groups, highlighting some of the factors that are associated with higher levels of deprivation and providing some initial pointers to possible underlying causes.
Unprecedented [5.5.5.6]Dioxafenestrane Ring Construction in Fungal Insecticidal Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis
Authors: Zeng Haichun , Yin Guoping , Wei Qian , Li Dehai , Wang Yi , Hu Youcai , Hu Changhua , Zou Yi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFenestranes, a specific class of natural products, contain four fused rings that share a central quaternary carbon atom. The fungal natural product penifulvin A (1) is a potent insecticidal sesquiterpene that features the [5.5.5.6]dioxafenestrane ring. Although the chemical synthesis of 1 has been achieved recently, the enzymes catalysing the cyclization and oxidation of FPP to 1 remain unknown. In this work, we identified a concise pathway that uses only three enzymes to produce 1. A new sesquiterpene cyclase (PeniA) generates the angular triquinane scaffold silphinene (6). A cytochrome P450 (PeniB) and a flavin‐dependent monooxygenase (PeniC) catalyse a series of oxidation reactions to transform 6 into 1, including oxidation of the C15 methyl group to a carboxylate moiety, oxidative coupling of the C15 carboxylate and the C1‐C2 olefin to form a γ‐lactone, and Baeyer–Villiger oxidation to form a δ‐lactone. Our results demonstrate the highly concise and efficient ways in which fungal biosynthetic pathways can generate complex sesquiterpene scaffolds.
A family of functional Ln‐organic framework constructed by iodine‐substituted aromatic polycarboxylic acid for turn‐off sensing of UO22+
Authors: Wang Yu , Xing Shang‐Hua , Zhang Xu , Liu Chun‐Hong , Li Bing , Bai Feng‐Ying , Xing Yong‐Heng , Sun Li‐Xian 
Published: March 2019

With the rapid development of nuclear energy, one of the main constraints restricting the development of nuclear energy is the long‐term safe disposal of strong uranium waste. Here it is a great significance that we use four new synthetic Ln (III)‐based coordination polymers to test the uranium solution. In this study, four three‐dimensional coordination polymers 1–4 (CPs‐(1–4); Ln = Eu, Gd, Sm, Nd) were successfully synthesized through 1:1 complexation of Ln (NO3)3·6H2O with poly‐carboxylic acid ligand H3TIBTC (2,4,6‐Triiodo‐1,3,5‐benzene tricarboxylic acid) which contains substituents of the carboxylic acid group and halogen atom, respectively. Based on the ligand being excellent fluorescent properties in the solution, it prompted us to further study the fluorescence properties of the coordination polymers. Experimental results show that the coordination polymers are favorable materials for the simultaneous selective detection uranium solution from water, being potentially useful in monitoring water quality and treating uranium‐wastewater.
Coastal river connectivity and the distribution of ascending juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.): Implications for conservation strategies regarding fish‐passage solutions
Authors: Tamario Carl , Calles Olle , Watz Johan , Nilsson P. Anders , Degerman Erik 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Many diadromous fish populations are declining and at risk of collapse. Lack of river connectivity is a major contributor to these declines, as free migration routes between marine and freshwater habitats are crucial for life‐history completion. For the conservation and ultimately recovery of such species, it is imperative that remedial measures aimed at increasing connectivity are effective.
This study investigated the distribution patterns of ascending juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) in rivers in south‐western Sweden, with a focus on the effects of barriers and measures that aim to reduce the impact of barriers, i.e. fish‐passage solutions (FPSs).
Eel occurrence data were spatially and temporally integrated with the national databases of dams and FPSs in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment to evaluate their effect on ascending eel distribution. The types of barriers assessed were: (i) dams with nature‐like fishways; (ii) dams with eel ramps; (iii) dams with technical fishways; and (iv) dams without FPSs.
Dams fitted with eel ramps or technical fishways, as well as dams without FPSs, produced a significant negative effect on the probability of eel occurrence upstream. This negative effect was not found for dams fitted with nature‐like fishways, indicating that these solutions may function better than the other FPS types in this study. The probability of eel occurrence decreased with distance from the sea and increased with area sampled, number of electrofishing runs, water temperature, and with the size of the bottom substrate.
We suggest that future conservation strategies for improving the natural immigration of juvenile eels should include optimizing FPS function (e.g. placement and design), the continued maintenance of FPSs, the construction of nature‐like fishways, and preferably the removal of dams, which will also benefit the downstream migration of maturing eels as well as restoring other ecosystem services.
Effects of targeting eye color in Tenebrio molitor through RNA interference of tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase (vermilion): Implications for insect farming
Authors: Oppert Brenda , Chu Fu‐Chyun , Reyna Steven , Pinzi Sofia , Adrianos Sherry , Perkin Lindsey , Lorenzen Marcé 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe gene vermilion encodes tryptophan 2,3‐dioxygenase, part of the ommochrome pathway, and is responsible for the dark pigmented eyes in some insects, including beetles. Using RNA interference, we targeted the vermilion gene ortholog in embryos and pupae of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, resulting in larvae and adults, respectively, that lacked eye pigment. RNA‐Seq was used to analyze the impact of vermilion‐specific RNA interference on gene expression. There was a 425‐fold reduction in vermilion gene expression (p = 0.0003), as well as significant (p < 0.05) differential expression of 109 other putative genes, most of which were downregulated. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology terms found in the differentially expressed data set included genes known to be involved in the ommochrome pathway. However, enrichment analysis also revealed the influence of vermilion expression on genes involved in protein translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum, signal transduction, G‐protein‐coupled receptor signaling, cell‐cycle arrest, mannose biosynthesis, and vitamin transport. These data demonstrate that knockdown of vermilion in T. molitor results in complete loss of eye color (white‐eyed phenotype) and identify other interrelated genes in the vermilion metabolic pathway. Therefore, a dominant marker system based on eye color can be developed for the genetic manipulation of T. molitor to increase the value of mealworms as an alternative food source by decreasing negative traits, such as disease susceptibility, and increasing desired traits, such as protein content and vitamin production.