bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unequal Uptake: Insurance‐Related Disparities in Prenatal Genetic Counseling and Screening at a Quaternary Medical Center
Authors: Mallampati Divya , Boynton Marcella , Talati Asha Nikesh , Hardisty Emily L. , Vora Neeta 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the type of insurance coverage and the uptake of prenatal genetic counseling and aneuploidy screening.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of pregnant people who sought prenatal care at a quaternary medical system from August 1, 2017 to August 29, 2019. The primary exposure was insurance status, while the outcomes of interest were the uptake of genetic counseling and aneuploidy screening. Characteristics of the four insurance coverage groups were compared using simple comparisons and multivariable logistic regression models estimating odds of receiving genetic counseling and screening.ResultsA total of 8774 births were included. There were significant differences among insurance groups in race, ethnicity, language, parity, and gestational age at the first visit. Pregnant people differed significantly by payer status with regard to the uptake of both counseling and aneuploidy screening. In adjusted models, those without insurance or who were self‐paid were significantly less likely to have genetic counseling and aneuploidy screening as compared to those with public or private insurance. In adjusted models, those who were older, spoke English, and were in their first pregnancy were significantly more likely to receive genetic counseling and aneuploidy screening.ConclusionThis analysis contributes to the understanding of how insurance mechanisms within the United States can contribute to the uptake of prenatal genetic counseling and screening. However, there is a complex interplay between payer status and other patient‐level characteristics such as age, language, and timing of initiation of prenatal care. Future studies that assess both system‐level and patient‐level characteristics are crucial.
Sulfocontaining polyelectrolyte cryogels as metamaterials for energy storage devices
Authors: Iakobson Olga D , Shevchenko Natalia N , Laishevkina Svetlana G , Ivan'kova Elena M , Volkov Alexey I , Kondratiev Veniamin V 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA set of ionic cryogels based on the biocompatible zwitterionic polyelectrolyte N‐(3‐sulfopropyl)‐N‐(methacryloxyethyl)‐N,N‐dimethylammonium betaine and a second comonomer of a different nature (from the class of acrylates, acetates or sulfonic acids) is successfully synthesized. The variation of the nature of the comonomer used allows a material to be obtained with controlled pore sizes and hierarchical porosity as proved by SEM, optical microscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption experiments. The compositions of cryogels with good adhesive properties to the electrode, as well as effective ion exchange during an electrochemical reaction inside the cryogels, which is shown by reversible copper recharge processes after doping a cryogel with copper ions, are determined. Thus, cryogels that meet the primary requirements for a material for use as polymer electrolytes for batteries are synthesized and characterized. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Morphological Modulation of Electrospun PVDF/PVP Nanofibers
Authors: Guo Junli , Chen Bingying , Shen Yueling , Chen Chen , Yang Yaoyao , Yu Dengguang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn electrohydrodynamics, the regulation of the morphology and structures of electrospun nanofibers is crucial for tuning the properties of the final product. In the electrospinning process, the uniform and smooth morphology of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers can be obtained by controlling experimental parameters, environmental parameter, and system parameters. However, there is inadequate research on the effect of polymer addition on the morphology enhancement of PVDF nanofibers and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, the effects of the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecular weight and content on various process parameters (i.e., Taylor cone length, straight fluid jet length, and spray angle) are evaluated. The obtained electrospun PVDF/PVP nanofibers were further characterized by SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XRD. The results indicate that the solution viscosity, which was controlled by varying the molecular weight and content of PVP, was linearly correlated with the process parameters. As the PVP molecular weight and content increased, the nanofiber diameter increased and the nanofiber morphology became smoother. The EDS results revealed that the nanofibers consisted of PVDF encapsulated by PVP. The FTIR and XRD results indicated that hydrogen bonding between PVP and PVDF weakened the crystallization of PVDF, leading to the formation of smooth PVDF/PVP nanofibers.
Borate and Disulfide Dual‐Dynamic Hydrogel for ROS Dual‐Scavenging
Authors: Wang Xing , Cui Haohao , Ning Qingyun , Feng Huayang , Sun Xue , An Boyuan , Li Zhanrong , Shen Jianliang , Li Jingguo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on wound surfaces poses considerable challenges to the wound healing process, as it exacerbates inflammation and heightens the risk of skin infections. Consequently, the development of multifunctional dressings that possess both ROS‐scavenging and antimicrobial properties is of clinical significance for enhancing wound healing. To address these challenges, we synthesized a dual‐scavenging hydrogel utilizing dual‐dynamic crosslinking techniques. This hydrogel is composed of poly‐lysine‐grafted D‐glucono‐1,5‐lactone, dithiodipropionic acid/lipoic acid, and dopamine (PLGDTD), in conjunction with borax. The multifunctional attributes of the hydrogel can be attributed to the incorporation of borate esters, dopamine, and disulfide bonds. Experimental results demonstrate that this hydrogel exhibits a robust antioxidant capacity and a pronounced inhibitory effect against
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Escherichia coli
. The results of cellular studies indicate that the hydrogel is capable of effectively scavenging ROS and mitigating oxidative stress, attributable to its dual‐scavenging mechanism involving borate and disulfide bonds. This multifunctional hydrogel demonstrates significant potential as a candidate for enhancing wound healing associated with ROS.
Impacts of Disulfide‐Containing Monomers in Alternating Diene Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Lee Kyoungwon , Russell Thomas P. , Emrick Todd 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAmong the classes of synthetic polymers, disulfide‐containing structures offer unique opportunities due to their accessibility to redox chemistry that allows for degradation or reversible disulfide formation and exchange under mild conditions. Here, we examine the role of disulfides in olefin metathesis polymerization, specifically alternating diene metathesis (ALTMET) polymerization, for synthesizing unsaturated polyolefins with embedded disulfides. Our synthetic strategy hinged on the use of α,ω‐diacrylate monomers, including those connected by a disulfide unit, via copolymerization by the ALTMET mechanism to yield copolymers containing a range of disulfide content. In addition, the potential impacts of sulfur‐ruthenium interactions on the ALTMET process were investigated spectroscopically, while the degradation of the resultant polymers was affected by mild reducing agents. Overall, this study contributes to the development of degradable synthetic polymers using olefin metathesis methods, with an increased understanding of the potential for further use of disulfide groups in such metathesis reactions.
Moisture‐dependent pupation of the invasive thrips Chaetanaphothrips orchidii: implications for its management
Authors: Juncá‐Morales Carolina , Catalán José , Gómez‐Martínez María A. , Intrigliolo Diego S. , Tena Alejandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDChaetanaphothrips orchidii is an invasive thrips of tropical origin that was detected in 2016 in Spanish citrus, where it can damage up to 70% of the fruit. Pupation site and emergence rates are key biological traits for thrips management that are unknown for C. orchidii. Here, we determined the pupation site and period of C. orchidii in citrus and evaluated the effect of soil moisture on adult emergence.RESULTSA two‐year field study showed that C. orchidii pupated in the soil from May to December in commercial citrus orchards. Chaetanaphothrips orchidii emergence was very low compared to other harmful thrips species in citrus. Using D/E traps, we demonstrated that the thrips emerged mainly from wet areas near drip irrigation emitters during the summer, and its emergence was strongly related to the soil water content. A laboratory experiment confirmed that C. orchidii did not emerge at RH below 70%, and its emergence peaked at 97% RH.CONCLUSIONSOur results have important implications for the sustainable management of C. orchidii because soil moisture is very low in Mediterranean citrus during summer, except in areas near drip irrigation emitters. Therefore, these and other potential high‐humidity areas should be considered crucial targets to manage this pest in citrus during summer, reducing cost and labor. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pesticide exposure of operators during mixing and loading a drone: towards a stratified exposure assessment
Authors: Felkers Edgars , Kuster Christian J , Hamacher Georg , Anft Thomas , Kohler Maxie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study evaluated operator exposure during mixing and loading phases of drone‐based pesticide application, specifically examining potential and actual exposure during handling of concentrated and diluted pesticide products. It aims to clarify the differences in exposure levels between these two scenarios with implications for exposure risk assessment.RESULTSResults demonstrate that mixing concentrated products poses the primary exposure, while transferring diluted mixtures to the drone tank results in significantly lower exposure figures. Personal protective equipment (PPE) significantly mitigates potential exposure, particularly during mixing. Hand exposure contributes to 50–75% of total exposure.CONCLUSIONThese data facilitate refined exposure and risk assessments by distinguishing between handling concentrated and diluted products, allowing a stratification of exposure for these scenarios and enabling the application of appropriate dermal absorption rates for each scenario. The results also confirm that one layer of work clothing and protective gloves significantly reduce the operator exposure, which highlights the importance of wearing adequate protective clothing and gloves by operators, especially during the mixing phase. These insights contribute to the development of novel science‐based safety assessments and improved operator protection in drone‐assisted pesticide application. © 2024 Bayer AG. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
A Fixed‐Time Composite Control With Variable Exponent Coefficients for Stewart Parallel Mechanism Tracking in Task Space
Authors: Tang Yu , Gao Guoqin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo improve tracking control performance in the task space of the Stewart parallel mechanism (SPM) with uncertainties of modeling errors and external disturbances in our developed rust removal sandblasting robot for the surface roughness processing of a bridge's steel box girder, a fixed‐time composite control with variable exponent coefficients (VEC‐FxTCC) approach for multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear robotic systems is developed. Firstly, by devising only one regulation term with a variable exponent coefficient (VEC) function in the system's Lyapunov differential inclusion, a novel VEC fixed‐time stability theorem for the MIMO nonlinear dynamic system is proposed and proven. Secondly, based on the proposed theorem, VEC‐FxTCC is formed by designing and combining a VEC fixed‐time disturbance observer (VEC‐FxTDOB) and a VEC fixed‐time super‐twisting control (VEC‐FxTSTC), in order to achieve fast, steady, and uniformly bounded‐time convergence for SPM's end‐effector tracking, while avoiding singularity. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed VEC‐FxTCC approach is validated through the simulations and the rust removal sandblasting robot prototype experiments.
Cloud‐Edge Collaboration‐Based Multi‐Cluster System for Space‐Ground Integrated Network
Authors: Zhang Tongguang , Liu Chunhong , Tian Qiaomei , Cheng Bo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAs global informationization deepens, the importance of Space‐Ground Integrated Network (SGIN) as a new network architecture becomes increasingly prominent. SGIN combines the advantages of ground and space networks, enabling global information interconnection and sharing through various communication means such as satellites, drones, and ground stations. However, due to its complex network environment and diverse communication requirements, traditional network architectures struggle to meet its demands for efficiency, stability, and scalability. To address these challenges, we focus on the research, design, and implementation of a cloud‐edge collaboration‐based multi‐cluster system for SGIN. The goal is to construct an efficient, stable, and scalable network system capable of providing seamless global coverage and efficient communication within SGIN. We design a multi‐cluster system architecture based on container technology, leveraging cloud and edge computing techniques for dynamic resource allocation and efficient utilization. This architecture aims to meet the diverse network service requirements of ground terminals, enhancing responsiveness, efficiency, resilience, and reliability of network services. Additionally, we introduce a multipath data transmission mechanism to support the transfer of large‐scale data, such as remote sensing images. A simulation platform tailored for SGIN is developed, demonstrating the feasibility of the multi‐cluster system and the effectiveness of multipath data transmission.
In Silico Molecular Dynamics and 3D‐QSAR Study on Thiazolidinedione Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of DPP IV and PTP1B (DDPI's) for the Management of T2DM
Authors: Singh Yogesh , Thareja Suresh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSimultaneous inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B as DDPI's emerged as a therapeutic intervention for the management of T2DM. In the present study, we have employed molecular dynamics simulation in conjugation with the field‐based 3D QSAR studies on a dataset having DDPI activities to identify the spatial fingerprints of target‐specific thiazolidinedione analogs. Separate contours were generated for both DPP IV and PTP1B showing respective pharmacophoric structural requirements for optimal inhibitory activity. These developed 3D QSAR models also showed good statistical measures (DPP IV: r2 = 0.9468; q2 = 0.7173, and PTP1B: r2 = 0.9718; q2 = 0.819) with the excellent predictive ability with PLS‐generated validation constraints. Comparative steric and electrostatic features were elucidated using respective contour maps for selective target‐specific favorable activity. Furthermore, molecular docking was used for elucidating the mode of binding as DDPI's to DPP IV and PTP1B, along with MD simulation (200 ns) analysis such as RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, PCA, and FEL. These studies revealed that all the protein‐ligand docked complexes elicited an overall better stability as compared to reference ligand (vildagliptin or ertiprotafib) complexes. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 24 (DPP IV: −150.667 kcal/mol; PTP1B: −142.792 kcal/mol) showed maximum affinity toward both the proteins DPP IV and PTP1B, as compared to their respective standard inhibitor, i.e., vildagliptin −99.9843 kcal/mol and ertiprotafib −125.399 kcal/mol, respectively. A comparative study of these developed multitargeted QSAR models along with molecular docking and dynamics study were employed for the optimization of drug candidates as DDPI's. Compound 24 showed most stable behavior in the binding pockets of both the enzymes, as compared to their respective standard inhibitors. This study will be helpful in designing novel DDPIs with appropriately substitute thiazolidinedione for the management of T2DM. The designed compound YSR‐14 exhibited the predicted IC50 values of 0.143 µM in DPP IV and 0.158 µM in PTP1B along with their excellent binding affinity against both targets.
Cs2CO3‐Catalyzed Multi‐Component One‐Pot Stepwise Route for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2‐Pyridones
Authors: Liu Shitao , He Chixian , Li Guijun , Xu Yanling , Shen Xianfu , Liu Teng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA concise and practicable route to the synthesis of multisubstituted 2‐pyridones via a four‐component one‐pot stepwise cyclization catalyzed by Cs2CO3 has been developed. During this stepwise transformation, two new C‐C bonds and two new C‐N bonds were generated through an intermolecular condensation/aza‐Michael reaction/intermolecular Michael addition/intramolecular cyclization sequence. The alternative protocol offers a complementary route to provide a series of structurally diverse polysubstituted 2‐pyridones (21 examples) in good to excellent yields (52–81%) from easily available raw materials arylamines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, and trialkyl orthoformate under mild conditions. It might provide new opportunities for the discovery of 2‐pyridones‐containing drugs.
Theoretical Investigations of Bioactive Substituted 2‐Amino‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile‐6‐thiopyridine Derivatives
Authors: Sharma Pragati , Sinha Pragya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study utilizes the density functional theory (DFT) (B3LYP method and 6–31 + G* basis set)‐based method to theoretically investigate substituted 2‐amino‐3,5‐dicarbonitrile‐6‐thiopyridine derivatives within a prevalent multicomponent reaction involving aldehyde, malononitrile, and thiophenol. Various reactivity descriptors, including frontier molecular orbitals, dipole moment, polarizability, and molecular electrostatic potential, are computed to understand the variations in reactivity and stability of these compounds. The results demonstrate the reliability of DFT‐derived descriptors in predicting chemical reactivity and provide valuable insights for further research and practical applications in the field of chemical reactivity and reaction mechanisms. Geometric parameters, along with thermodynamic variables, such as standard enthalpies (ΔH), entropies (ΔS), Gibbs free energy (ΔG), and global reactivity descriptors (ionization potential (I), electron affinity (A), chemical hardness (η), softness (σ), global softness (S), chemical potential (μ), global electrophilicity (ω), and nucleophilicity index (N), are calculated to gain insight into the dynamics of these interactions and variations in reactivity and stability.
Impact of TiO2 Nanoparticles as Protective Sunscreen Cream on Earthworms via Histological and Electron Microscopic Studies
Authors: Dawood Asmaa F. A. , Hamad Dalia A. , Abd El‐Aziz Fatma El‐Zahraa A. , Abdel‐Malek Asmaa R. , Taha Salma Osman , Hasan Abeir Bashir , Asmaey Mostafa A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMaintaining the stability of environmental organisms is crucial for their survival, yet it face significant challenges due to climate change, particularly ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation can cause severe damage to DNA, and lead to morphological changes, deformities, and even death. This damage can be mitigated through the use of protective creams manufactured using nanotechnology. In this work, we investigate the effects of UV‐C radiation on earthworms, with a focus on their skin damage response. We employed histological examination and electron microscopy to study these effects in detail. Our findings reveal that earthworms display extreme sensitivity when exposed to UV‐C light. As an initial defensive response, they produce a subterranean fluid post‐autopsy. However, increased doses of UV‐C lead to tissue inflammation and subsequent death. Notably, when TiO2 nanoparticles were applied before UV‐C exposure, they effectively protected the worms from UV‐induced damage. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of UV radiation on earthworms and highlights the potential of nanotechnology in offering protection.
Resurrecting p53 by an Artificial Nano‐Protein for Potent Photodynamic Retinoblastoma Therapy
Authors: Yan Siqi , Yang Wenguang , You Weiming , He Wangxiao , Yan Jin , Yao Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe treatment of retinoblastoma (RB), a formidable eye cancer that affects infants and children, is not only aimed at saving lives but at preserving ocular function, maintaining optimal visual acuity, and enhancing the overall quality of life. Photodynamic therapy has already been established as a secure and dependable therapeutic modality for the treatment of ocular diseases that effectively preserves ocular function; however, it fails to provide satisfactory outcomes against RB. To address this formidable challenge, groundbreaking advancement is aspired by delving into the genetic characteristics of RB, which initially involves the wild‐type p53 pathway but is subsequently suppressed by MDM2 and MDMX. In this study, an artificial nanoprotein (ANP) is developed through the fusion of human serum albumin with a potent MDM2/MDMX degrading peptide and the porphyrin‐photosensitizer verteporfin (VP). ANP effectively dismantles MDM2/MDMX proteins within the ubiquitin‐proteasome degradation pathway and triggers VP‐PDT‐mediated cell death through mitochondrial impairment. Remarkably, ANP exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficacy in both subcutaneous and in situ RB mouse models, while maintaining a highly favorable biosafety profile. Collectively, ANP not only provides compelling evidence for sensitizing photodynamic RB therapy by reactivating p53, but also serves as an exceptionally potent photosensitizer with promising potential for clinical translation in RB treatment.
Optomagnetic Micromirror Arrays for Mapping Large Area Stiffness Distributions of Biomimetic Materials
Authors: Lan Hsin , Tan Xing Haw Marvin , Le Minh‐Tam Tran , Chien Hao‐Yu , Zheng Ruoda , Rowat Amy C. , Teitell Michael A. , Chiou Pei‐Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA new device termed “Optomagnetic Micromirror Arrays” (OMA) is demonstrated capable of mapping the stiffness distribution of biomimetic materials across a 5.1 mm × 7.2 mm field of view with cellular resolution. The OMA device comprises an array of 50 000 magnetic micromirrors with optical grating structures embedded beneath an elastic PDMS film, with biomimetic materials affixed on top. Illumination of a broadband white light beam onto these micromirrors results in the reflection of microscale rainbow light rays on each micromirror. When a magnetic field is applied, it causes each micromirror to tilt differently depending on the local stiffness of the biomimetic materials. Through imaging these micromirrors with low N.A. optics, a specific narrow band of reflection light rays from each micromirror is captured. Changing a micromirror's tilt angle also alters the color spectrum it reflects back to the imaging system and the color of the micromirror image it represents. As a result, OMA can infer the local stiffness of the biomimetic materials through the color change detected on each micromirror. OMA offers the potential for high‐throughput stiffness mapping at the tissue‐level while maintaining spatial resolution at the cellular level.