bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holocene vegetation history and human impact in the eastern Italian Alps: a multi-proxy study on the Coltrondo peat bog, Comelico Superiore, Italy
Authors: Segnana Michela , Oeggl Klaus , Poto Luisa , Gabrieli Jacopo , Festi Daniela , Kofler Werner , Cesco Frare Piergiorgio , Zaccone Claudio , Barbante Carlo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The present study aims to reconstruct vegetation development, climate changes and human impact using an ombrotrophic peat core from the Coltrondo bog in the eastern Italian Alps. Evidence from pollen, micro-charcoal, major and trace elements, and lead isotopes from this 7,900 years old peat deposit has been combined, and several climatic oscillations and phases of human impact detected. In particular, human presence was recorded in this area of the Alps from about 650 cal bc, with periods of increased activity at the end of the Middle Ages and also at the end of the 19th century, as evidenced by both human-related pollen and the increase in micro-charcoal particles. The enrichment factor of lead (EFPb) increased since the Roman period and the Middle Ages, suggesting mainly mining activities, whereas the advent of industrialization in the 20th century is marked by the highest EFPb values in the whole core. The EFPb data are strongly supported by the 206Pb/207Pb values and these are in general agreement with the historical information available. Therefore, the multi-proxy approach used here has allowed detection of climatic events and human impact patterns in the Comelico area starting from the Iron Age, giving new insights into the palaeoecology as well as the course of the interaction among humans, climate and ecosystems in this part of the eastern Italian Alps.
Assessment in the context of problem-based learning
Authors: van der Vleuten Cees P. M. , Schuwirth Lambert W. T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Arguably, constructive alignment has been the major challenge for assessment in the context of problem-based learning (PBL). PBL focuses on promoting abilities such as clinical reasoning, team skills and metacognition. PBL also aims to foster self-directed learning and deep learning as opposed to rote learning. This has incentivized researchers in assessment to find possible solutions. Originally, these solutions were sought in developing the right instruments to measure these PBL-related skills. The search for these instruments has been accelerated by the emergence of competency-based education. With competency-based education assessment moved away from purely standardized testing, relying more heavily on professional judgment of complex skills. Valuable lessons have been learned that are directly relevant for assessment in PBL. Later, solutions were sought in the development of new assessment strategies, initially again with individual instruments such as progress testing, but later through a more holistic approach to the assessment program as a whole. Programmatic assessment is such an integral approach to assessment. It focuses on optimizing learning through assessment, while at the same gathering rich information that can be used for rigorous decision-making about learner progression. Programmatic assessment comes very close to achieving the desired constructive alignment with PBL, but its wide adoption—just like PBL—will take many years ahead of us.
Utilisation of methylcellulose as a shaping agent in the fabrication of Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3 proton-conducting ceramic membranes via the gelcasting method
Authors: Dudek Magdalena , Lis Bartłomiej , Kocyło Elwira , Rapacz-Kmita Alicja , Mosiałek Michał , Gajek Marcin , Lach Radosław , Presto Sabrina , Viviani Massimo , Carpanese Maria Paola , Barbucci Antonio , Majda Dorota 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe gelcasting method was used to form gastight Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3samples proposed for use as proton-conducting electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells. Methylcellulose was used as an environmentally friendly shaping agent for Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3powder in an ethanol solution. Samples of Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3were also prepared from the same powder via traditional isostatic pressing, as a reference for cast samples, and sintered in the same conditions. Comparative studies of the physicochemical properties of Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3electrolytes, formed by means of these two methods and then sintered at 1550 °C for 2.5 h, were presented and discussed. Using the X-ray diffraction method, only the pure orthorhombic phase of BaCe0.9Y0.1O3was detected in the Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3powder, as well as in the Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3sintered pellets formed via both gelcasting (A) and isostatic pressing (B). Thermal effects occurring during heating of methylcellulose, as well as ceramic Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3powder, dried cast samples obtained from the prepared slurry, and sintered Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3samples, were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and evolved gas analysis of volatile products using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The measurements were performed within the temperature range of 20–1200 °C in air. Based on dilatometric tests, it was found that the Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3cast samples exhibited slightly higher degree of sinterability than the 5CBCY samples obtained by isostatic pressing. In comparison with pressed pellets, higher values of total electrical conductivity in air or in a gas mixture of 5% H2in Ar were also attained for Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3cast samples. The Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3samples were used to construct oxygen–hydrogen electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells. The results of the electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cells with Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3electrolytes were comparable to the data in the literature on BaCe0.9Y0.1O3electrolytes. An electrochemical study of a Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ|Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3interface was also performed. Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δappears to be a suitable cathode material for a Ba0.95Ca0.05Ce0.9Y0.1O3electrolyte.
Journal Peer Review and Editorial Evaluation: Cautious Innovator or Sleepy Giant?
Authors: Horbach Serge P. J. M. , Halffman Willem 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Peer review of journal submissions has become one of the most important pillars of quality management in academic publishing. Because of growing concerns with the quality and effectiveness of the system, a host of enthusiastic innovators has proposed and experimented with new procedures and technologies. However, little is known about whether these innovations manage to convince other journal editors. This paper will address open questions regarding the implementation of new review procedures, the occurrence rate of various peer review procedures and their distribution over scientific disciplines or academic publishers, as well as the motivations for editors or publishers to engage in novel review procedures. It shows that in spite of enthusiastic innovation, the adoption of new peer review procedures is in fact very slow, with the exception of text similarity scanners. For now, peer review innovations appear to be restricted to specific niches in academic publishing. Analysing these niches, the article concludes with a reflection on the circumstances in which innovations might be more widely implemented.
Suspension Plasma-Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings for Light-Duty Diesel Engines
Authors: Uczak de Goes Wellington , Somhorst Joop , Markocsan Nicolaie , Gupta Mohit , Illkova Kseniya 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Demands for improved fuel efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions of diesel engines have been the driving force for car industry in the past decades. One way to achieve this would be by using thermal spraying to apply a thermal insulation layer on parts of the engine’s combustion chamber. A candidate thermal spray process to give coatings with appropriate properties is suspension plasma spray (SPS). SPS, which uses a liquid feedstock for the deposition of finely structured columnar ceramic coatings, was investigated in this work for application in light-duty diesel engines. In this work, different spray processes and materials were explored to achieve coatings with optimized microstructure on the head of aluminum pistons used in diesel engine cars. The functional properties of the coatings were evaluated in single-cylinder engine experiments. The influence of thermo-physical properties of the coatings on their functional properties has been discussed. The influence of different spray processes on coating formation on the complex piston head profiles has been also discussed. The results show that SPS can be a promising technique for producing coatings on parts of the combustion chamber, which can possibly lead to higher engine efficiency in light-duty diesel engines.
Depressive symptoms among women in Raqqa Governorate, Syria: associations with intimate partner violence, food insecurity, and perceived needs
Authors: Falb K. L. , Blackwell A. , Stennes J. , Hussein M. , Annan J. 
Published: October 2019

Background.
Raqqa Governorate, Syria has recently been affected by overlapping conflicts related to the Syrian Civil war and occupation by ISIS, resulting in widespread displacement and disruption of economic livelihoods. However, little information is currently known about mental health needs and risk factors among women. Therefore, this study sought to examine potential risk factors for depressive symptoms among married women living in northern Syria.

Methods.
Data were collected between March and April 2018 as part of an evaluation of an International Rescue Committee cash transfer program targeted toward vulnerable households. Using cross-sectional data from 214 married women participating in the program, linear regression models were generated to explore the associations between depressive symptoms [nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)] and its potential risk factors, including food insecurity, perceived deprivation of basic needs [the Humanitarian Emergency Settings Perceived Needs Scale (HESPER) scale], and past-3-month intimate partner violence (IPV).

Results.
The average depressive symptom score was 10.5 (s.d.: 4.9; range: 2–27). In the final adjusted model, any form of recent IPV (β = 2.25; 95% CI 0.92–3.57; p = 0.001), severe food insecurity (β = 1.62; 95% CI 0.27–2.96; p = 0.02) and perceived needs (β = 0.38; 95% CI 0.18–0.57; p = 0.0002) were associated with an increase in depressive symptoms.

Conclusion.
Study findings point to the need to address the mental health needs of women in conflict-affected areas of Syria. Programming to address risk factors for depression, including IPV and other factors associated with daily stressors such as food insecurity and deprivation of basic needs, may be effective in reducing depression in this population.
The Role of Internal Third-Party Interveners in Civil Resistance Campaigns: The Case of Israeli-Jewish Anti-Occupation Activists
Authors: Fleischmann Leonie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhen a non-violent resistance campaign does not have leverage to challenge powerful opponents, third-party intervention has been shown to assist. While the role of external third-party interveners – foreign activists – has been documented, less attention has been given to intervention from members of the dominant population. Drawing from the literature on civil resistance and through the study of Israeli Jews who intervene in Palestinian resistance campaigns against the Israeli military occupation, I argue that intervention from members of the dominant population is strategically desirable. Through an analysis of three Palestinian campaigns, this article identifies that the physical presence of Israeli Jews was needed to ensure the Palestinians could maintain their resistance efforts and presence on the land, despite the repression they faced. Furthermore, the skills and knowledge of the Israelis were needed to help the Palestinians achieve some of their goals, at least in the short term.
DIVISION SUDOKUS: INVARIANTS, ENUMERATION, AND MULTIPLE PARTITIONS
Authors: DRÁPAL ALEŠ , VOJTĚCHOVSKÝ PETR 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA division sudoku is a latin square whose all six conjugates are sudoku squares. We enumerate division sudokus up to a suitable equivalence, introduce powerful invariants of division sudokus, and also study latin squares that are division sudokus with respect to multiple partitions at the same time. We use nearfields and affine geometry to construct division sudokus of prime power rank that are rich in sudoku partitions.
Research Creativity and Productivity in Political Science: A Research Agenda for Understanding Alternative Career Paths and Attitudes Toward Professional Work in the Profession
Authors: Hill Kim Quaile 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTA growing body of research investigates the factors that enhance the research productivity and creativity of political scientists. This work provides a foundation for future research, but it has not addressed some of the most promising causal hypotheses in the general scientific literature on this topic. This article explicates the latter hypotheses, a typology of scientific career paths that distinguishes how scientific careers vary over time with respect to creative ambitions and achievements, and a research agenda based on the preceding components for investigation of the publication success of political scientists.
Broccoli, cabbage, squash and watermelon response to halosulfuron preplant over plastic mulch
Authors: Randell Taylor M. , Vance Jenna C. , Culpepper A. Stanley 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNutsedge species are problematic in plastic-mulched vegetable production because of the weed’s rapid reproduction and ability to penetrate the mulch. Vegetable growers rely heavily on halosulfuron to manage nutsedge species; however, the herbicide cannot be applied over mulch before vegetable transplanting due to potential crop injury. This can be problematic when multiple crops are produced on a single mulch installation. Field experiments were conducted to determine the response of broccoli, cabbage, squash, and watermelon to halosulfuron applied on top of mulch prior to transplanting. Halosulfuron at 80 g ai ha−1 was applied 21, 14, 7, and 1 d before planting (DBP), and 160 g ai ha−1 was applied 21 DBP. In all experiments, extending the interval between halosulfuron application and planting reduced crop injury. For squash and watermelon, visual injury, plant diameters/vine runner lengths, marketable fruit weights, and postharvest plant biomass resulted in similar values when applying 80 g ha−1 21 DBP and with the nontreated weed-free control. Reducing this interval increased injury for both crops. Visual crop injury and yield reductions up to 40% occurred, with halosulfuron applied 14, 7, or 1 DBP in squash and 1 DBP in watermelon. Broccoli and cabbage showed greater sensitivity, with injury and plant diameter reductions greater than 15%, even with halosulfuron applied at 80 g ha−1 21 DBP. Experimental results confirm that halosulfuron binds to plastic mulch, remains active, and is slowly released from the mulch over a substantial period, during rainfall or overhead irrigation events. Extending the plant-back interval to at least 21 d before transplanting did overcome squash and watermelon injury concerns with halosulfuron at 80 g ha−1, but not broccoli and cabbage. Applying halosulfuron over mulch to control emerged nutsedge before planting squash and watermelon would be beneficial if adequate rainfall or irrigation and appropriate intervals between application and planting are implemented.
Liar at First Sight?
Authors: Wingate Timothy G. , Bourdage Joshua S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Research suggests that early impressions influence employment interview outcomes. A highly controlled experiment examined the effects of pre-interview qualifications information and early applicant impression management behavior on interviewers’ early impressions and, in turn, applicant outcomes. Mock interviewers ( N = 247) judged the same applicant with a poorer pre-interview qualification ranking to be a poorer performer, but also perceived the applicant to have faked (deceived) more, and considered the applicant less likeable, less competent, less dedicated, and more conceited. Early applicant impression management behavior did not consistently contribute to interviewers’ early impressions, or to perceptions and judgments. Overall, these findings suggest that early applicant information can affect interviewer cognitions and judgments through the formation of early impressions.
Filamentation initiated by Cas2 and its association with the acquisition process in cells
Authors: Wang Lei , Yu Xin , Li Mengjie , Sun Guiqin , Zou Lin , Li Tiansheng , Hou Linlin , Guo Yameng , Shen Danfeng , Qu Di , Cheng Xunjia , Chen Li 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cas1-and-Cas2-mediated new spacer acquisition is an essential process for bacterial adaptive immunity. The process is critical for the ecology of the oral microflora and oral health. Although molecular mechanisms for spacer acquisition are known, it has never been established if this process is associated with the morphological changes of bacteria. In this study, we demonstrated a novel Cas2-induced filamentation phenotype in E. coli that was regulated by co-expression of the Cas1 protein. A 30 amino acid motif at the carboxyl terminus of Cas2 is necessary for this function. By imaging analysis, we provided evidence to argue that Cas-induced filamentation is a step coupled with new spacer acquisition during which filaments are characterised by polyploidy with asymmetric cell division. This work may open new opportunities to investigate the adaptive immune response and microbial balance for oral health.
Towards precision medicine: interrogating the human genome to identify drug pathways associated with potentially functional, population-differentiated polymorphisms
Authors: Bachtiar Maulana , Ooi Brandon Nick Sern , Wang Jingbo , Jin Yu , Tan Tin Wee , Chong Samuel S. , Lee Caroline G. L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDrug response variations amongst different individuals/populations are influenced by several factors including allele frequency differences of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that functionally affect drug-response genes. Here, we aim to identify drugs that potentially exhibit population differences in response using SNP data mining and analytics. Ninety-one pairwise-comparisons of >22,000,000 SNPs from the 1000 Genomes Project, across 14 different populations, were performed to identify ‘population-differentiated’ SNPs (pdSNPs). Potentially-functional pdSNPs (pf-pdSNPs) were then selected, mapped into genes, and integrated with drug–gene databases to identify ‘population-differentiated’ drugs enriched with genes carrying pf-pdSNPs. 1191 clinically-approved drugs were found to be significantly enriched (Z > 2.58) with genes carrying SNPs that were differentiated in one or more population-pair comparisons. Thirteen drugs were found to be enriched with such differentiated genes across all 91 population-pairs. Notably, 82% of drugs, which were previously reported in the literature to exhibit population differences in response were also found by this method to contain a significant enrichment of population specific differentiated SNPs. Furthermore, drugs with genetic testing labels, or those suspected to cause adverse reactions, contained a significantly larger number (P < 0.01) of population-pairs with enriched pf-pdSNPs compared with those without these labels. This pioneering effort at harnessing big-data pharmacogenomics to identify ‘population differentiated’ drugs could help to facilitate data-driven decision-making for a more personalized medicine.
Nearly unbiased estimator of contemporary effective mother size using within-cohort maternal sibling pairs incorporating parental and nonparental reproductive variations
Authors: Akita Tetsuya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we developed a nearly unbiased estimator of contemporary effective mother size in a population, which is based on a known maternal half-sibling relationship found within the same cohort. Our method allows for variance of the average number of offspring per mother (i.e., parental variation, such as age-specific fecundity) and variance of the number of offspring among mothers with identical reproductive potential (i.e., nonparental variation, such as family-correlated survivorship). We also developed estimators of the variance and coefficient of variation of contemporary effective mother size and qualitatively evaluated the performance of the estimators by running an individual-based model. Our results provide guidance for (i) a sample size to ensure the required accuracy and precision when the order of effective mother size is available and (ii) a degree of uncertainty regarding the estimated effective mother size when information about the size is unavailable. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the derivation of a nearly unbiased estimator of effective population size; however, its current application is limited to effective mother size and situations, in which the sample size is not particularly small and maternal half-sibling relationships can be detected without error. The results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of a sibship assignment method for estimating effective population size; in addition, they have the potential to greatly widen the scope of genetic monitoring, especially in the situation of small sample size.
Lifespan-increasing drug nordihydroguaiaretic acid inhibits p300 and activates autophagy
Authors: Tezil Tugsan , Chamoli Manish , Ng Che-Ping , Simon Roman P. , Butler Victoria J. , Jung Manfred , Andersen Julie , Kao Aimee W. , Verdin Eric 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAging is characterized by the progressive loss of physiological function in all organisms. Remarkably, the aging process can be modulated by environmental modifications, including diet and small molecules. The natural compound nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) robustly increases lifespan in flies and mice, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we report that NDGA is an inhibitor of the epigenetic regulator p300. We find that NDGA inhibits p300 acetyltransferase activity in vitro and suppresses acetylation of a key p300 target in histones (i.e., H3K27) in cells. We use the cellular thermal shift assay to uniquely demonstrate NDGA binding to p300 in cells. Finally, in agreement with recent findings indicating that p300 is a potent blocker of autophagy, we show that NDGA treatment induces autophagy. These findings identify p300 as a target of NDGA and provide mechanistic insight into its role in longevity.