bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO TOXICOLÓGICA DOS EFEITOS DO COBRE NA ESPÉCIE Carassius auratus
Authors: Oliveira Stener Camargo de , Wagner Caroline , Herman Emile Da Costa , Rosa Rafael Batista da , Pertille Debora Caroline , Vivian Francieli Trindade 
Published: May 2018

Com o crescimento industrial, a deposição de xenobióticos no ambiente teve um aumento significativo, causando degradação dos ecossistemas. Tendo em vista estes problemas, é imprescindível a análise da toxicidade destes compostos. Sabendo-se que o cobre é um dos muitos xenobióticos depositado no ambiente natural, este trabalho teve o objetivo de realizar um teste toxicológico agudo dos efeitos do sulfato de cobre no peixe dourado (Carassius auratus) bem como relacionar seus efeitos a uma área de provável contaminação ambiental por cobre. Para isso, realizaram-se testes comportamentais, determinação de dose letal 50 (DL50), e no-observed-effect-level (NOEL), além de avaliar parâmetro de toxicidade em peixes expostos ao sulfato de cobre e a águas coletadas em área onde ocorreu extração de cobre, os experimentos foram realizados em triplicata. Como resultado, observou-se que os animais expostos apresentaram alterações comportamentais, perda de peso quando comparados ao grupo controle, além de a concentração letal capaz de matar 50% dos indivíduos em 24 horas foi de 2 mg/L, em 72 horas foi 1 mg/L e em 96 h foi de 0,5 mg/L. O NOEL é menor que 0,5 mg/L e o LOEC é igual a 0,5 mg/L. Desta forma pode-se concluir que o sulfato de cobre, bem como as amostras coletadas em área de mineração de cobre foram capazes de causar toxicidade em Carassius aurautus e estudos detalhados de mecanismo de ação são necessários para melhor compreensão da toxicidade das áreas contaminadas por cobre utilizadas neste trabalho.
CRESCIMENTO INSUSTENTÁVEL
Authors: Vieira Tereza Cristina Mendes 
Published: May 2018

Este estudo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre as consequências da busca pelo crescimento econômico “a qualquer preço”. Os atuais padrões de produção e consumo, socialmente injustos e depredadores do meio ambiente, são insustentáveis e têm provocado perigosas pressões sobre o planeta. Muitos dos recursos naturais e ecossistemas essenciais ao bem-estar humano estão ameaçados ou destruídos, enquanto o homem ainda não sabe como colocar o bem-estar coletivo no centro das suas decisões. Este trabalho pretende mostrar que é preciso estabelecer um novo modelo de desenvolvimento, pautado em relações mais harmoniosas com a natureza e com o próprio homo sapiens. A questão ambiental extrapola temas de fauna e flora e envolve problemas complexos, como a sociedade de consumo, a obsolescência programada, a publicidade, o crédito, dentre tantos outros. A demora na tomada de decisões põe em risco a vida na Terra.
LICENCIAMENTO AMBIENTAL MUNICIPAL E MINIMIZAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS EM DOIS MUNICÍPIOS DO NORTE DO RS
Authors: Chiochetta Brenda , Tedesco Carla Denise 
Published: May 2018

O licenciamento ambiental tem por objetivo coibir riscos de impacto ambiental, garantindo a preservação do meio ambiente e a sustentabilidade do planeta. Como parte do licenciamento, existem etapas a serem seguidas para fazer o licenciamento adequado, garantindo a segurança do meio ambiente. Este estudo procura refletir sobre a contribuição do licenciamento ambiental municipal para a minimização de impactos locais, quantificando a evolução das licenças em anos seguidos e relatandos desafios enfrentados por licenciadores ambientais, vinculados a estes processos. Para alcançar os objetivos, uma análise documental do relatório anual de licenciamentos ambientais e entrevista com licenciador foram realizadas em dois municípios. Os municípios, localizados no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, foram escolhidos a partir de seu porte, sendo de médio e pequeno porte. Houve uma grande diferença nos números de licenças emitidas. O município de maior porte apresentou um maior número de emissões, entretanto, o município de pequeno porte teve maior número de licenças por habitante. As entrevistas relatam que falta compreensão e conhecimento sobre a importância do licenciamento ambiental por parte dos empreendedores.
SUSTENTABILIDADE EM COMUNIDADES TRADICIONAIS: O ICMS ECOLÓGICO COMO INSTRUMENTO DE PROTEÇÃO AO SISTEMA FAXINALENSE
Authors: Novak Maricléia Aparecida Leite , Kuzma Edson , Gonzaga Carlos Alberto Marçal , Doliveira Sérgio 
Published: May 2018

Tendo como finalidade o incentivo aos Municípios, o imposto sobre circulação de mercadorias e prestação de serviços (ICMS) ecológico surge como agente propulsor, com o intuito de preservar e ampliar áreas de proteção ambiental composta por florestal, recursos hídricos e comunidades tradicionais. Diante disso a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo desenvolver uma reflexão teórico-conceitual a respeito de uma comunidade que mantém o sistema de faxinais como modelo socioeconômica de estabelecimento das relações sociais e de trabalho, apontando brevemente a temática ICMS Ecológico como sendo uma possibilidade ou ferramenta alternativa, que viabiliza a manutenção do sistema tradicional dos faxinais. Diante da problemática exposta foi possível verificar a importância do ICMS ecológico como ferramenta essencial para condições de melhoraria da qualidade de vida das comunidades faxinalenses, conseguindo com isso manter a singularidade dessas, preservando seu patrimônio econômico, social e cultural, incentivando a permanência de diversas famílias no campo, mediante a melhoria da renda, manutenção da organização social, identidade coletiva.
Bacteriological Suitability of Water from Basrah Wells for Drinking
Authors: Al-Sulami A. A. , Yaseen H. A. 
Published: May 2018

A survey of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci was performed on water samples from 32 wells in the desert west of Basrah city. Counts of bacteria were not found to be correlated with environmental factors. Faecal contamination of wells was mostly of animal sources as indicated by the low FC/PS ratios. Of the four methods, namely, spreading, membrane filtration, repair detection and replica plating, which have been used for enumeration of bacteria, the last one was the most accurate especially in detecting injured cells.
Biochemical oxygen demand values ranged between 0.6-1.5 mg/l, while chloride ion content was between 354-1240 mg/l.
Distribution of Giardia Cysts in Wastewater
Authors: Sykora Jan L. , Sorber Charles A. , Jakubowski Walter , Casson Leonard W. , Gavaghan Patrick D. , Shapiro Maurice A. , James Schott M. 
Published: May 2018

This study was designed to determine geographic and seasonal distribution of Giardia cysts in wastewater and sludge and their removal by sewage treatment processes. Eleven wastewater treatment plants located in cities across the United States were included in the study. Flow weighted, composite samples of raw and treated wasteWaters and sludges were collected at monthly intervals for a period of one year. The cysts were concentrated by sucrose flotation or by simple centrifugation (“direct count”) and assayed microscopically.
Sucrose flotation counts of cysts in the raw sewage were extremely variable producing results ranging from 0.4% to 77.8% of the direct counts. Based on 12 consecutive months of sampling, and using the direct counts, the highest geometric mean Giardia cyst concentrations occurred at the California site (3375 cysts/L), the Florida site (3087 cysts/L) and the Vermont site (2040 cysts/L). The lowest geometric mean Giardia cyst levels were in samples from the Pennsylvania site (642 cysts/L), the Tennessee site (762 cysts/L) and the Maryland site (957 cysts/L). Cyst concentrations in raw sewage were highest in late summer, fall and early winter. Although all raw sewage samples contained cysts, only about one half of the wastewater treatment plant effluents were positive with cyst concentrations ranging up to 44 cysts/L. Based on sucrose flotation counts, the concentrations of cysts detected in the sludges ranged from 70 to 30,000 cysts/L.
Strategies for pollution control in tanneries located in Minas Gerais State, Brazil case study
Authors: Chernicharo C. A. L. , van Vliet M. 
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the planning and initial results of an environmental project for pollution control in tanneries located in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The planning comprises three phases: i) diagnosis of the industrial sector, ii) training of human resources, and iii) technological development. The project has an estimated cost of US $220,000, and it is being developed by the Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, in cooperation with representatives of the industrial and environmental sectors. The project is also supported by the German Agency GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit).
The first results indicated that the project is achieving its aims of getting to know the situation and helping to solve the problems related to the tannery industry. Furthermore, the structure of the project, based on the participation of representatives of the various institutions concerned with the productive and environmental sectors, has shown to be a good start of a joint mobilization.
Groundwater recharge with municipal effluent: Dan Region Reclamation Project, Israel
Authors: Kanarek A. , Michail M. 
Published: May 2018

The Dan Region Project is the largest water reclamation scheme in Israel which provides for collection, treatment, groundwater recharge and reuse of municipal wastewater from Tel-Aviv metropolitan area and several other neighboring municipalities. The project serves a total population of about 1.3 million with an average municipal wastewater flow of 270,000 cu.m/d.
The special recharge-recovery method developed and practiced successfully in the Dan Region Project is rather a soil aquifer treatment (SAT) which should be considered as an integral part of the municipal wastewater treatment process. SAT consists of controlled passage of effluent through the unsaturated zone and the aquifer, mainly for purification purposes, as well as for seasonal and multiannual storage. The recharge operation is carried out by means of spreading basins which are surrounding by adequately spaced recovery wells which permit separating the recharge zone from the rest of the aquifer.
The major purification processes occurring in the soil aquifer system are: slow-sand filtration, chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, biological degradation, nitrification, denitrification and disinfection. Water quality control in the recharge zone is virtually complete and the very high quality of reclaimed water obtained after SAT is suitable for a variety of non potable uses especially for unrestricted agricultural irrigation. During the last five years, about 400 million cu.m of reclaimed water was supplied for unrestricted irrigation to the south of the country.
Experimental validation of a simulation and design model for nitrogen removal in sequencing batch reactors
Authors: Andreottola G. , Bortone G. , Tilche A. 
Published: May 2018

The development and the sensitivity analysis of a dynamic SBR simulation model for biological nitrogen removal, based on the Activated Sludge Model N. 1, are presented. An experimental study for the calibration and validation of the model was carried out using a bench scale SBR. Piggery wastewater was used as feed. The operating daily cycle of the SBR reactor included three sub-cycles of 7.5 hours each, each one alternating anoxic and aerobic condition, while settling phase was carried out at the end of the three sub-cycles.
A first enhancement of model N. 1 was performed splitting nitrification into the two sub-processes of nitriation and nitratation. A second enhancement of the model was obtained with the introduction of a switch function of nitratation kinetics.
An algorithm for optimization of the cycle length and phase distribution in order to minimize effluent nitrogen concentration was developed. A design procedure of SBR systems is also described.
Winery wastewater depollution by sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Torrijos Michel , Moletta René 
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to demonstrate a depollution process for the treatment of the effluents of small wineries, producing less than 15,000 hl of wine per year. Given the particular characteristics of wine effluents and, in particular, the seasonal nature of the discharges, the best solution was found to be a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed once a day, and equipped with upstream temporary storage facilities acting as a buffer.
The performance of this process for the depollution of winery wastewater were studied during the 1994 grape harvest in a winery producing 7,300 hectolitres annually. The results obtained (93% of elimination for total COD; 95% for soluble COD; 97.5% for BOD5), as well as the simplified automation, the low capital cost and the moderate operating costs, show that the process is well suited to depolluting wastewater from small wineries.
Meeting everyday water needs - a company's contribution
Authors: Duncan D. 
Published: May 2018

As a packaged consumer goods company serving mass markets around the world for household and personal hygiene products, laundry detergents and foods, Unilever's business is inextricably linked with consumers’ interest in meeting their everyday water needs. Once the basic need for drinking water is met, almost all other “everyday” water needs derive from consumption associated with the type of products Unilever sells. Use of some of these products, such as basic toilet soap, involve “actual” water consumption; others, such as margarine, concern “virtual” water consumption through agricultural production.
Global scenarios for water and sanitation present a major challenge to long-term business strategies that assume sustained economic growth particularly in emerging and developing markets. Responsibility for finding and delivering solutions lies with all major actors in society. For companies such as Unilever, a priority is to help break the link between economic development on the one hand, and increased water use and water degradation on the other. Water catchment level perspectives are central to realising this vision. Unilever uses such a framework, building an experience-based model that demonstrates how a “consumer” company can engage in meeting everyday water needs with a sustained positive impact.
Enfermedad de Gaucher estudio de caso
Authors: Lucio García César , Noriega-Salas Lorena 
Published: May 2018

<p>La enfermedad de Gaucher (eg) es un trastorno hereditario autosómico recesivo, el cual produce alteraciones a órgano blanco como hígado, bazo, sistema nervioso, médula ósea y pulmones. <strong>Caso clínico</strong>: paciente masculino de cinco años de edad, presenta episodios persistentes de epistaxis con dos semanas de evolución, equimosis en las extremidades y hepatoesplenomegalia, dolor en extremidades, pérdida progresiva de la fuerza muscular, regresión psicomotora desde hace 10 meses y epilepsia tipo mioclónica. Los rayos X de huesos largos asemejan forma de “Matraz de Erlenmeyer”, biopsia de médula ósea con hipercelularidad secundaria a abundantes histiocitos espumosos y datos morfológicos de acumulación lisosomal. Se integra el diagnóstico y estatificación de eg tipo iii b. <strong>Conclusión:</strong> el tratamiento con reemplazo enzimático de imiglucerasa, topiramato, calcitriol y carbonato de calcio mejoraron la condición clínica del paciente.</p>
OBSERVATÓRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO UNIVATES: AÇÕES E PERSPECTIVAS PARA O ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA NA ESCOLA BÁSICA
Authors: Giongo Ieda Maria , Hepp Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara , Quartieri Marli Teresinha 
Published: May 2018

O presente relato tem como objetivo explicitar um conjunto de resultados provenientes de um projeto de pesquisa/intervenção, desenvolvido na Universidade do Vale do Taquari com fomento financeiro do Programa Observatório da Educação (Edital INEP/CAPES 049/2012). Pesquisadores, alunos de graduação e pós-graduação da Universidade e professores de seis escolas de Educação Básica da região compunham a equipe de trabalho. Centralmente, a investigação teve como objetivo produzir movimentos de ruptura nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de Matemática na Escola Básica, tendo como referencial teórico-metodológico três tendências vinculadas ao ensino desta disciplina: etnomatemática, modelagem matemática e investigação matemática. Os resultados mostram a potência de aliar pesquisa acadêmica e práticas pedagógicas na Escola Básica no que se refere ao adensamento teórico-metodológico para docentes e pesquisadores.
Extraversion and openness to experience moderate the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life in adolescents:
Authors: Aydoğan Cihan 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the effects of personality traits to moderate the relationships between orthodontic treatment need and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed that included 230 subjects (125 girls and 105 boys) aged 11–14 years. Orthodontic treatment need was measured using the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). The Child Perceptions Questionnaire, the Basic Personality Traits Inventory (BPTI), and the Revised Life Orientation Test were used to assess the OHRQoL, basic personality dimensions, and dispositional optimism respectively. Potential moderation effects were evaluated with Spearman's correlations and multiple regression analyses.

Results:
There were weak correlations between orthodontic treatment need and quality of life with social and emotional well-being dimensions (r = 0.238, r = 0.296 and r = 0.209). A moderating effect of extraversion was observed in the relationship between orthodontic treatment need and OHRQoL, emotional well-being, and social well-being (SWB) (ΔR2 = 0.03, ΔR2 = 0.02, and ΔR2 = 0.04, respectively). Openness to experience affected relationships between orthodontic treatment need and OHRQoL, and emotional well-being (EWB) (ΔR2 = 0.03 and ΔR2 = 0.04, respectively). In children with higher extraversion, the increase in ICON scores resulted in less increase in CPQ total, EWB, and SWB scores. In children with higher openness to experience, the increase influenced CPQ total and EWB scores similarly.

Conclusions:
The relationship between orthodontic treatment need and quality of life is moderated by personality traits. Early adolescents with higher extraversion and openness to experience are less affected by increased orthodontic treatment need.
Impact of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea on the development of Class II hyperdivergent patients receiving orthodontic treatment:
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Ngan Peter , Hua Fang , Zheng Jie , Zhou Shunquan , Zhang Man , Xiong Hui , He Hong 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTObjectives:To conduct a pilot study to determine if the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) influences the orthodontic treatment outcome of Class II hyperdivergent patients receiving comprehensive orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods:Patients between the ages of 12 and 14 who received orthodontic treatment at the Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China, were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: the OSA group and the control group, based on the outcome of pretreatment polysomnography findings and lateral cephalometric radiograph examination. Patients in the control group were matched with the OSA group for age, sex, ethnicity, weight, and height. Cephalometric measurements were used to record the skeletal and dental changes from before to after treatment. Data were analyzed using the t-test.Results:Twenty three OSA patients and 23 control patients were included. After comprehensive orthodontic treatment, the mandibular plane angle (SN-GoMe), articular angle (SArGo), sum of Jarabak angles (SUM) and the lower gonial angle (NGoMe) were found to increase significantly in the OSA group but remained unchanged or decreased slightly in the control group (P &lt; .05). In the non-OSA group, the growth pattern became more horizontal. In contrast, in the OSA group the growth pattern became more vertical. Otherwise, similar treatment results were obtained for both groups in terms of sagittal change and occlusion.Conclusions:The presence of OSA in pediatric patients has a deleterious effect on the development of hyperdivergent malocclusions. Early diagnosis and management of pediatric OSA can affect the orthodontic treatment outcome of these patients.
ANALISIS STRUKTUR DAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA SERTA TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN ANGGOTA KOPERASI SERBA USAHA PETERNAK MOTIVASI DOA IKHTIAR TAWAKKAL (KSUP MDIT) DI KECAMATAN GISTING KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS
Authors: Syahputra Fikri , Lestari Dyah Aring Hepiana , Prasmatiwi Fembriarti Erry 
Published: May 2018

This study aims to analyze the household income’s structure and distribution, and the household welfare level among cooperatives members, in addition to analyze factors that affected the household welfare of cooperative members. This research employed case study method. The data was collected from September to October 2016. The research respondents were 55 people who were all members of KSUP MDIT. The data was consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by observation and interview; while secondary data was obtained from the agencies and literatures associated with the study. The data was analyzed by income analysis, income distribution analysis, welfare analysis and binnary logistic regression analysis. The result showed that the biggest member of cooperative member's household income structure in the latest year was non livestock earnings of On Farm followed by non farm income, goat business income and off farm income. Distribution of household member income of cooperatives were in low inequality. Based on Socio Metrix indicator, 70.91% cooperative members’ households were included in prosperous category and the remaining 29.09% were not prosperous and old variables of education, length of membership, and household income have a positive effect on welfare level.Key words: distribution income, prosperity of members, income
RANCANG BANGUN ALAT PENCETAK OPAK PROTOTIPE TEP-01
Authors: Sugandi Wahyu Kristian , Yusuf Asep , Sofyan Adriana 
Published: May 2018

Opak merupakan makanan kering dan renyah sejenis dengan kerupuk khas Jawa Barat yang dihasilkan oleh para pengusaha kecil menengah (UKM). Daerah penghasil opak adalah Sumedang, Majalengka, Cirebon, Tasikmalaya, dan Karawang, sehingga terdapat keberagaman produk opak. Saat ini dalam proses pencetakan opak masih menggunakan alat tradisional yang disebut Geplak. Geplak sendiri masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan yaitu diantaranya pada tingkat ketebalan dan ukuran opak yang tidak seragam, untuk itu perlunya dirancang bangun alat pencetak opak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Bengkel Logam, Kayu, Dan Rotan Departemen Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem – Fakultas Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Universitas Padjajaran. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode rekayasa dengan melalui beberapa tahap proses kegiatan yaitu: perancangan alat pencetak opak, analisis fungsional, analisis struktural, dan analisis teknik. Hasil rancang bangun alat pencetak opak memiliki dimensi, panjang 1400 mm, lebar 850 mm dan tinggi 800 mm. Hasil pengujian alat pencetak opak ini memiliki kapasitas aktual dan teoritis sebesar 3.06 kg/jam dan 4,80 kg/jam, kebutuhan daya operator sebesar 0,837N, dan efisiensi sebesar 63,83 %.Kata kunci: rancang bangun, alat pencetak, opak