bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Movers Advantage? Evidence from Short Selling during After‐Hours on Earnings Announcement Days
Authors: Jain Archana , Jain Chinmay , Jiang Christine X. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe examine short sellers’ after‐hours trading (AHT) following quarterly earnings announcements released outside of the normal trading hours. Our innovation is to use the actual short trades immediately after the announcements. We find that on these earnings announcement days, there is significant shorting activity in AHT relative to shorting activity both during AHT on nonannouncements days and during regular trading sessions around announcements. Short sellers who trade after‐hours on announcement days earn an excess return of 0.82% and 1.40% during before‐market‐open (BMO) and after‐market‐close (AMC)sessions, respectively. The magnitude of these returns increases to 1.48 (3.92%) for BMO (AMC) earnings announcements with negative surprise. We find that the reactive short selling during AHT has information in predicting future returns. Short sellers’ trades have no predictive power if they wait for the market to open to trade during regular hours. In addition, we find that the weighted price contribution during AHT increases with an increase in after‐hours short selling. Overall, our results suggest that short sellers in AHT are informed. Our findings remain robust using alternative holding periods and after controlling for macroeconomic news announcements during BMO sessions.
The Endogeneity of Trading Volume in Stock and Bond Returns: An Instrumental Variable Approach
Authors: Yamani Ehab , Rakowski David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the joint determination of trading volume and returns. Our approach follows from the argument that trading activity depends on security returns, thus resulting in a reverse causality from returns to trading activity. Using exogenous instruments for security trading activity, we estimate a system of two‐stage simultaneous equations to better model the return‐volume relationship. Our results confirm that returns and trading volume are determined simultaneously in both stock and corporate bond markets and that conclusions about the direction and significance of causality between volume and returns can be reversed once one corrects for the endogeneity of volume.
Historical geography, climbing and mountaineering: route setting for an inclusive future
Authors: Hunt Rachel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article seeks to review work broadly defined as the historical geographies of mountaineering and climbing. As such, it outlines the links between mountaineering, colonialism, and vertical ascent as well as the historical geographies of rock climbing which speak to the culture, practices, and technologies of climbing. In outlining past work, particular attention is paid to the hidden and gendered histories of climbing and mountaineering. This moves discussion beyond common place tales of white privilege and Western philosophies of conquer through ascendancy to tackle the broader ways by which mountaineering and climbing have been explored by academic geography. A holistic appreciation of work on this topic, it is argued, can not only help the geographical discipline to deal with its colonial past but also show how the historical geographies of mountaineering and climbing fit within efforts to decolonise the discipline, include wider voices, and utilise archives unknown.
Ensiling in 2050: Some challenges and opportunities
Authors: Wilkinson John Michael , Muck Richard E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChallenges to ensiling are coming from a wide spectrum. Faster harvest rates are making it more difficult to achieve target silage densities. Larger harvest equipment is increasing soil compaction and rural road issues. Older silos are too small and are overfilled, creating safety issues, or temporary piles are placed on bare ground permitting soil contamination. Mycotoxins and other pathogens in silages are still a problem. Global warming may affect the forage crops grown and crop characteristics as well as rates of silage fermentation and aerobic deterioration. Silage as an input to bio‐refineries has an unclear future. Silage analysis is challenged by sampling and knowing what components truly predict nutritional value. The future holds many opportunities for both ensiling and silage research. Robotic harvesting will release more labour for silo packing, and there are opportunities to develop tools to estimate silage density during filling. Total mixed ration silages should allow more by‐products in rations. The development of novel silage additives to improve silage hygiene or increase nutrient availability appears promising. Predicting the onset of aerobic deterioration with quick tests for lactate‐assimilating yeasts or silage temperatures seems possible. Metabolomics and metabonomics, in addition to the microbiome tools in development, put us at the cusp of being able to see which microorganisms are active in the silo and rumen and what compounds of significance they are producing. This could lead to many advances in silage quality including reduced microbial toxins, better hygiene and improved utilization by livestock.
A Large Undisturbed Column Method to Study Flow and Transport in Macropores and Fractured Media
Authors: Jørgensen Peter R. , Mosthaf Klaus , Rolle Massimo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntact soil columns can bridge the gap between field studies and idealized laboratory investigations of flow and transport in macropores and fractured media. However, the value of intact column studies is often hampered by shortcomings such as lack of column intactness, small column size, and column rim flow, which can cause serious artifacts and hamper system understanding. The flexible‐wall pressurized large undisturbed column (LUC) method overcomes these limitations and is a valuable approach to analyze fluid flow and solute transport in macroporous and fractured geological formations. The method investigates subsurface processes in complex media, mimicking in situ conditions and facilitating the control of system boundary conditions including effective stress. In recent years, considerable experience has been gained through different applications of the LUC approach. Modeling tools have also been developed for a detailed interpretation of flow and transport processes in LUC systems. This paper describes the steps of the LUC method from column excavation in the field to experimental setup in the laboratory. The description encompasses the key features of the sampling of LUCs in field excavations, the laboratory setup, the procedure for hydraulic and transport experiments, as well as practical challenges and potential issues during operation of an LUC system. Application examples with a fully three‐dimensional numerical model of LUC tracer experiments are also presented to illustrate the quantitative interpretation of transport processes in macroporous clayey tills.
Patent Litigation Strategy and Its Effects on the Firm
Authors: Yang Deli 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPatent litigation has attracted scholarly attention to reconcile multiple views for new research. Accordingly, this paper addresses patent litigation strategy and its effect on the firm. Based on 106 papers and articles, six books, the author's logic and practice impressions, it first defines patent litigation strategy and differentiates similar concepts. Second, based on the process, the author fine‐tunes patent litigation strategy into three tactics: threat, filing and verdict. Then, she categorizes and examines the impact of patent litigation on market value, monetary gain/loss and strategic collaboration. The findings show that the effect on the market value is more complex and ambiguous than anticipated, and sometimes contradictory. The analysis shows the consistency of monetary effect in practice, that firms tend to have higher monetary gains from private settlement than from legal awards. It also demonstrates that existing studies lag behind reality in investigating the detailed role of patent litigation on strategic collaboration from partnership (e.g. licensing and strategic alliance) to takeover (i.e. merger and acquisition). Finally, the author reflects on the findings, and maps out critical paths toward new research. This process also reveals that stakeholders, industrial settings and country environments moderate the studied relationship. This paper contributes to knowledge and practice: appreciates the interdisciplinary endeavors to draw the findings; categorizes patent litigation and its effect; and critiques prior studies on the relationship to integrate knowledge for future research.
Service user's actual involvement in mental health research practices: A scoping review
Authors: Sangill Carina , Buus Niels , Hybholt Lisbeth , Berring Lene Lauge 
Published: April 2019

AbstractService user involvement in mental health research is on the international political agenda, for example mirrored by an emphasis on user involvement in funding of research. The idea is that service users contribute with their lived experiences of mental distress to the research process and thereby heighten the quality and relevance of the research. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify and evaluate empirical research of how mental health service users actually partake in collaborative research processes and to summarize this research in dialogue with mental health user‐researchers. The review included 32 studies. Main findings indicated that actual involvement of service user‐researchers in research processes encompassed a complex set of precarious negotiation practices, where academics and service user‐researchers were positioned and positioned themselves in alternative ways. The review accounts for how mental health service users were involved in collaborative research processes. The extracted themes concerned: (i) Expectations of research processes, (ii) Contribution to research processes, and (iii) Training and learning from research processes. The study reveals that collaborative research in mental health requires changes to traditional research practices to create and support genuine collaborative partnerships and thereby avoid tokenism and power inequalities.
Improving nursing knowledge and care for neonates with respiratory distress in Jordan
Authors: Ali R.A. , Obeisat S.M. , Tarawneh L.H. 
Published: April 2019

AimThis study evaluates the effectiveness of an educational intervention in the area of nursing knowledge and practice relating to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.BackgroundIn Jordan, respiratory distress is the leading cause of death among neonates. Recent studies have revealed a knowledge deficit relating to respiratory distress among nurses in neonatal intensive care units, hence the need for advanced training and specialization in this area.MethodsA quasi‐experimental, repeated‐measures, one‐group pre‐test–post‐test design was used to assess the effectiveness of the educational intervention. A convenience sample of 48 nurses was recruited from three hospitals in northern Jordan. A self‐reporting questionnaire was used to assess the respondents’ knowledge of respiratory distress and an observational checklist to assess their practice. The study intervention consisted of 12 two‐hour lecture‐based interactive teaching sessions lasting 4 weeks. A follow‐up assessment was conducted 1 month after the post‐test.ResultsThe baseline assessment revealed that more than half of the nurses scored low on knowledge and the majority scored low on practice. One‐way repeated ANOVA showed that post‐test and follow‐up test scores on nursing knowledge and practice were significantly higher than the baseline scores.ConclusionThe study findings show the efficacy of educational interventions in enhancing nursing knowledge and practice relating to the care of neonates with respiratory distress.Implications for nursing and health policyFor neonatal nurses, periodic teaching and training interventions are essential to ensuring the quality nursing care required to reduce morbidity and mortality rates among neonates. Health policymakers should support nurses in pursuing educational opportunities aimed at enhancing their knowledge of advanced neonate care.
A longitudinal study on implicit rationing of nursing care among Lebanese patients – Study protocol
Authors: Dhaini Suzanne R. , Ausserhofer Dietmar , El Bajjani Martine , Dumit Nuhad , Abu‐Saad Huijer Huda , Simon Michael 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo gain an in‐depth understanding of the variations and trends of implicit rationing of nursing care, of its associated factors and of its relation to with nurse and patient outcomes.BackgroundMaintaining and improving the quality of nursing care and patient safety have been the focus of health services researchers over the last decade. Cross‐sectional studies have showed the magnitude of implicit rationing of nursing care and its associations with negative patient and nurse outcomes.DesignObservational longitudinal study.MethodTwo‐year funded study (between 2018–2020), including a sample of 317 Registered Nurses working on 19 units in two large Lebanese urban hospitals. The study included a cross‐sectional baseline survey followed by multiple follow‐up assessments over 90 days. The repeated measurements on each of the units include repeated surveys on nurses' rationing of care, hospital administration reported nurse‐sensitive indicators, nurse staffing levels, and patient mortality data.DiscussionThe study results will describe variations and trends of implicit rationing of nursing care in hospital units over time and whether and which elements of the nurses' work environment are associated with these variations. Data will inform on the impact of implicit rationing of care on patient and nurse outcomes. These data are needed to advance future planning and interventional research to efficiently reduce rationing of nursing care and improve the quality of care.ImpactGenerating new knowledge (variations and trends) on the association between rationing of care and other element of nurses' work environment and nurse and patient outcomes.
Exploring the optimal allostatic load scoring method in women of reproductive age
Authors: Li Yang , Rosemberg Marie‐Anne S. , Dalton Vanessa K. , Lee Shawna J. , Seng Julia S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine the optimal allostatic load scoring method.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of data on women of reproductive age from the 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.MethodsWe created allostatic load summary scores using five scoring methods including the count‐based, Z‐Score, logistic regression, factor analysis and grade of membership methods. Then, we examined the predictive performance of each allostatic load summary measure in relation to three outcomes: general health status, diabetes and hypertension.ResultsWe found that the allostatic load summary measure by the logistic regression method had the highest predictive validity with respect to the three outcomes. The logistic regression method performed significantly better than the count‐based and grade of membership methods for predicting diabetes as well as performed significantly better for predicting hypertension than all of the other methods. But the five scoring methods performed similarly for predicting poor health status.ConclusionWe recommended the logistic regression method when the outcome information is available, otherwise the frequently used simpler count‐based method may be a good alternative.ImpactThe study compared different scoring methods and made recommendations for the optimal scoring approach. We found that allostatic load summary measure by the logistic regression method had the strongest predictive validity with respect to general health status, diabetes and hypertension. The study may provide empirical evidence for future research to use the recommended scoring approach to score allostatic load. The allostatic load index may serve as an ‘early warning’ indicator for health risk.
Classical response of antidromic atriofascicular tachycardia to premature atrial extrastimulus delivered during septal refractoriness
Authors: Mohanan Nair Krishna Kumar , Namboodiri Narayanan , Abhilash Sreevilasam Pushpangadhan , Prabhu Mukund , Das Debashish , Valaparambil Ajitkumar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA 23‐year‐old gentleman presented with a history of palpitations. The 12‐lead electrocardiogram showed no manifest ventricular pre‐excitation. Echocardiogram was within normal limits. A retrograde study showed concentric activation of the atrium with decremental conduction. Atrial pacing from right atrial free wall showed progressive pre‐excitation. No anterograde nodal duality was documented.
Device infections in implantable cardioverter defibrillators versus permanent pacemakers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rattanawong Pattara , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Mekraksakit Poemlarp , Mekritthikrai Raktham , Prasitlumkum Narut , Vutthikraivit Wasawat , Putthapiban Prapaipan , Dworkin Jonathan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecent studies suggest that implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are associated with increased risk of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections when compared with permanent pacemakers (PPMs). However, there were controversies among studies. In this study we performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to explore the risk of device infection in ICD versus PPM.MethodsWe searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to January 2019. Data from each study were combined using the random‐effects, generic inverse variance method of Der Simonian and Laird to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsTwenty‐seven studies involving 202 323 CIEDs (36 782 ICDs and 165 541 PPMs) were included. Infections occurred from 9 days to 6 years postoperatively. When compared with PPM, ICD had a significantly higher risk of device infection in overall analysis (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.29‐2.04). The risk was seen in subgroups such as single chamber or dual chamber device (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18‐2.09), de novo implantation (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.29‐2.69), revision implantation (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.24‐2.13), and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.18‐2.60). CRT‐defibrillator increased risk of infection over CRT‐pacemaker in revision implantation (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.20‐2.74) but not in de novo implantation (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.23‐4.88). The increased risk of infection among defibrillator was higher in CRT compared to non‐CRT but not significant (P = 0.654).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis demonstrates a statistically significant increased risk of device infection in CIED patients who received ICD when compared to PPM.
Effect of cryoballoon and radiofrequency ablation for pulmonary vein isolation on left atrial function in patients with nonvalvular paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: A prospective randomized study (Cryo‐LAEF study)
Authors: Giannopoulos Georgios , Kossyvakis Charalampos , Vrachatis Dimitrios , Aggeli Constadina , Tsitsinakis Georgios , Letsas Konstantinos , Tsiachris Dimitrios , Tsoukala Styliani , Efremidis Michalis , Katritsis Dimosthenis , Deftereos Spyridon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundIsolation of the pulmonary veins (PVI) has become a mainstay in atrial fibrillation (AFib) therapy. Lesions in left atrial tissue lead to scar formation and this may affect left atrial function.MethodsPatients with paroxysmal AFib were randomly assigned in a 1:2 allocation scheme to radiofrequency (RF) ablation or cryoballoon. Real‐time three‐dimensional echocardiography was performed (under sinus rhythm in all cases) before ablation and at 1 and 3 months to evaluate the left atrial functional indices. The primary outcome measure was change in left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF) at 1 month.Results120 patients were randomized (80 to cryoballoon, 40 to RF). The absolute change in LAEF at 1 month was 4.0 (Q1‐Q3, −0.1to 7.6)% in the cryoballoon group and −0.8 (Q1‐Q3, −1.9 to 0.9)% in the RF group (P < 0.001 for the comparison between groups). At 3 months, the corresponding changes were 6.7 (Q1‐Q3, 3.4‐11.2)% and 0.7 (Q1‐Q3, −0.7 to 3.5)%, respectively (P < 0.001). Overall, the rate of patients with lower LAEF at 3 months compared to baseline was 2.5% in the cryoballoon group and 32.5% in the RF group (P < 0.001). AFib recurrence rate at 6 months was higher in patients with decreased LAEF (odds ratio, 6.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.0‐19.5; P = 0.002).ConclusionThe Cryo‐LAEF study prospectively compared the effects of RF and cryoballoon ablation on left atrial function. Both at 1 and 3 months postablation, LAEF was either improved or stable in both ablation groups.
Outcomes and costs of remote patient monitoring among patients with implanted cardiac defibrillators: An economic model based on the PREDICT RM database
Authors: Hummel James P. , Leipold Robert J. , Amorosi Stacey L. , Bao Haikun , Deger Kristen A. , Jones Paul W. , Kansal Anuraag R. , Ott Lesli S. , Stern Sean , Stein Kenneth , Curtis Jeptha P. , Akar Joseph G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRemote monitoring of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators has been associated with reduced rates of all‐cause rehospitalizations and mortality among device recipients, but long‐term economic benefits have not been studied.Methods and ResultsAn economic model was developed using the PREDICT RM database comparing outcomes with and without remote monitoring. The database included patients ages 65 to 89 who received a Boston Scientific device from 2006 to 2010. Parametric survival equations were derived for rehospitalization and mortality to predict outcomes over a maximum time horizon of 25 years. The analysis assessed rehospitalization, mortality, and the cost‐effectiveness (expressed as the incremental cost per quality‐adjusted life year) of remote monitoring versus no remote monitoring. Remote monitoring was associated with reduced mortality; average life expectancy and average quality‐adjusted life years increased by 0.77 years and 0.64, respectively (6.85 life years and 5.65 quality‐adjusted life years). When expressed per patient‐year, remote monitoring patients had fewer subsequent rehospitalizations (by 0.08 per patient‐year) and lower hospitalization costs (by $554 per patient year). With longer life expectancies, remote monitoring patients experienced an average of 0.64 additional subsequent rehospitalizations with increased average lifetime hospitalization costs of $2784. Total costs of outpatient and physician claims were higher with remote monitoring ($47 515 vs $42 792), but average per patient‐year costs were lower ($6232 vs $6244). The base‐case incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was $10 752 per quality‐adjusted life year, making remote monitoring high‐value care.ConclusionRemote monitoring is a cost‐effective approach for the lifetime management of patients with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators.