bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employing a Nutrition Nurse in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Improved Nutrition and Growth Outcomes in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Aydemir Ozge , Cakık Saglık Adviye , Sekili Zekiye , Tekin Ayşe Neslihan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundNutrition nurses are clinical nurse specialists with knowledge and experience in nutrition support. We aimed to investigate the nutrition and growth outcomes after employment of a nutrition nurse in our level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).MethodsA retrospective cohort study including preterm neonates < 34 weeks and < 2000 g were conducted. Nutrition and growth outcomes of infants in pre–nutrition‐nurse and post–nutrition‐nurse periods were compared. Primary outcome was presence of postnatal growth retardation (PGR) at term‐equivalent age (body weight < 10 percentile at 40 weeks postmenstrual age).ResultsInfants in pre–nutrition‐nurse (n = 38) and post–nutrition‐nurse (n = 40) periods were similar with regard to gestational age, birth weight, gender, and perinatal characteristics. The initiation of parenteral nutrition after admission to NICU (30.8 ± 24.1 vs 6.7 ± 7.6 hours, P < 0,001) and attainment of full enteral feedings (27.3 ±18.1 vs 18.7 ± 11.3 days, P = 0.034) were earlier in post–nutrition‐nurse period. First feeds were more commonly started with breast milk (29% vs 75%, P < 0.001); breastfeeding was more common at discharge (79% vs 95%, P = 0.045) and longer in duration (6.1 ± 7.3 vs 8.4 ± 6.3 months, P = 0.008) in post–nutrition‐nurse period. Primary outcome PGR at term‐equivalent age was lower in post–nutrition‐nurse period (57.9% vs 27.5%, P = 0.007).ConclusionEmploying a nutrition nurse improved quality of nutrition support, increased breastfeeding, and decreased PGR in preterm neonates. Further prospective evaluation of outcomes in the presence of a nutrition nurse is needed to generalize these findings to other NICUs.
Extracellular Vesicles from Neurosurgical Aspirates Identifies Chaperonin Containing TCP1 Subunit 6A as a Potential Glioblastoma Biomarker with Prognostic Significance
Authors: Hallal Susannah , Russell Benjamin P. , Wei Heng , Lee Maggie Yuk T. , Toon Christopher W. , Sy Joanne , Shivalingam Brindha , Buckland Michael E. , Kaufman Kimberley L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma, WHO‐grade IV glioma, carries a dismal prognosis owing to its infiltrative growth and limited treatment options. Glioblastoma‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs; 30–1000 nm membranous particles) influence the microenvironment to mediate tumor aggressiveness and carry oncogenic cargo across the blood–brain barrier into the circulation. As such, EVs are biomarker reservoirs with enormous potential for assessing glioblastoma tumors in situ. Neurosurgical aspirates are rich sources of EVs, isolated directly from glioma microenvironments. EV proteomes enriched from glioblastoma (n = 15) and glioma grade II–III (n = 7) aspirates are compared and 298 differentially‐abundant proteins (p‐value < 0.00496) are identified using quantitative LC–MS/MS. Along with previously reported glioblastoma‐associated biomarkers, levels of all eight subunits of the key molecular chaperone, T‐complex protein 1 Ring complex (TRiC), are higher in glioblastoma‐EVs, including CCT2, CCT3, CCT5, CCT6A, CCT7, and TCP1 (p < 0.00496). Analogous increases in TRiC transcript levels and DNA copy numbers are detected in silico; CCT6A has the greatest induction of expression and amplification in glioblastoma and shows a negative association with survival (p = 0.006). CCT6A is co‐localized with EGFR at 7p11.2, with a strong tendency for co‐amplification (p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry corroborates the CCT6A proteomics measurements and indicated a potential link between EGFR and CCT6A tissue expression. Putative EV‐biomarkers described here should be further assessed in peripheral blood.
Mechanics of Plate Fracture from Detonation Wave Interaction
Authors: Zhang Kefan , Liang Minzu , Lu Fangyun , Li Xiangyu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe interaction of detonation waves was widely used in warhead design due to its ability to generate local high‐pressure regions. In this paper, the detonation interaction was investigated by experiments and finite element (FE) models. Experiments were conducted first to capture the fundamental dynamic fracture and fragmentation patterns and they served as a basis of validation for both the FE and analytical models. According to fracture surface, shear fracture is prior mechanism for steel‐plate fragmentation. The FE results indicated the dynamic fracture of steel plate was referred to the pressure difference between the collision area and its adjacent areas. A theoretical analysis of detonation wave interaction in explosive was carried out, and the relationship between the pressure at the collision area and adjacent areas was obtained. In the discussion part, the influencing factors and the optimal results for the plate fracture in the simulation calculation were carried out.
Insecticide dose and seasonal timing of trunk injection in apples influence efficacy and residues in nectar and plant parts
Authors: Coslor Charles C , Vandervoort Christine , Wise John C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrunk injection is an established method for delivering pesticides in ornamental and shade trees, but further research is needed to determine efficacy and pollinator safety in tree fruit crops. Apple trees were injected in 2013 and 2014 with the insecticides emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, spinosad, chlorantraniliprole, or abamectin. Additional emamectin benzoate and imidacloprid injections were performed in the spring and fall of 2015. Nectar and pollen were sampled in the following spring to compare the effects of application timings on insecticide loading into flowers.RESULTSNeonicotinoids reduced Empoasca fabae density in the field. Emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, and abamectin resulted in moderate to high mortality and reduced Choristoneura rosaceana feeding in bioassays. Imidacloprid was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected in the spring, and was detected at 0.39 ng g−1 in pollen when injected the previous fall. Emamectin benzoate was not detected in nectar or pollen when injected the previous fall, and was detected at 7.36 ng g−1 (nectar) and 1.15 ng g−1 (pollen) when injected in the spring.CONCLUSIONSThis study identified a broader list of possible trunk‐injectable pesticides for apple trees. This study also shows that managing the seasonal timing of injection can reduce the risk of insecticide exposure to pollinators. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Fast flexible space‐filling designs with nominal factors for nonrectangular regions
Authors: Lekivetz Ryan , Jones Bradley 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpace‐filling designs allow for exploration of responses when each continuous input factor is set to many different values over its range. While typical space‐filling designs treat all the input factors as continuous, some problems necessitate the use of nominal input factors. In such cases, it is desirable that the design for the continuous inputs only be space‐filling, as well as the subdesign of the continuous factors for each level of a nominal input. In this article, we present a solution that takes both aspects into account and allows the experimenter to balance between the space‐filling properties of the design ignoring the nominal inputs versus subdesigns on each level of nominal inputs. Space‐filling designs commonly employ rectangular design spaces. However, it is sometimes necessary to place constraints on the design region where some regions of the design space are impossible or undesirable to run. In addition to incorporating nominal factors, the methods presented in this article generate space‐filling designs that have the flexibility to accommodate nonrectangular design regions.
In vivo neurochemical evidence that stimulation of accumbal GABAA and GABAB receptors each reduce acetylcholine efflux without affecting dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats
Authors: Aono Yuri , Watanabe Yuriko , Ishikawa Manabu , Kuboyama Noboru , Waddington John L. , Saigusa Tadashi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCholinergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens contain GABAA and GABAB receptors that are thought to inhibit neural activity. We analyzed the roles of GABAA and GABAB receptors in regulating accumbal acetylcholine efflux of freely moving rats using in vivo microdialysis. The effects of GABA receptor ligands on the accumbal dopamine efflux were also analyzed because accumbal cholinergic and dopaminergic neurons could mutually interact. Drugs were applied intracerebrally through the dialysis probe. Doses of compounds indicate total amount administered (mol) during 30–60 min infusions. To monitor basal acetylcholine, a low concentration of physostigmine (50 nM) was added to the perfusate. GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (3 and 30 pmol) induced a dose‐related decrease in accumbal acetylcholine. GABAB receptor agonist baclofen (30 and 300 pmol) also produced a dose‐related decrease in acetylcholine. GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (60 pmol) which failed to alter baseline acetylcholine counteracted the muscimol (30 pmol)‐induced decrease in acetylcholine. GABAB receptor antagonist 2‐hydroxysaclofen (12 nmol) which failed to change baseline acetylcholine, counteracted the baclofen (300 pmol)‐induced decrease in acetylcholine. Neither muscimol (30 pmol) nor baclofen (300 pmol) which reduced accumbal acetylcholine altered baseline accumbal dopamine. Neither bicuculline (60 pmol) nor 2‐hydroxysaclofen (12 nmol) also affected the baseline dopamine. These results show that GABAA and GABAB receptors each exert inhibitory roles in the regulation of accumbal cholinergic neural activity. The present results also provides in vivo neurochemical evidence that stimulation of GABAA and GABAB receptors each reduce acetylcholine efflux without affecting dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats.
Enhanced REVENUE After Surgery? A Cost‐Standardized Enhanced Recovery Pathway for Mastectomy Decreases Length of Stay
Authors: Ackerman Robert S. , Hirschi Michael , Alford Brandon , Evans Trip , Kiluk John V. , Patel Sephalie Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown to improve surgical, anesthetic, and economic outcomes in intermediate‐to‐high‐risk surgeries. Its influence on length of stay and cost of low‐risk surgeries has yet to be robustly studied. As value‐based patient care comes to the forefront of anesthesiology research, the focus shifts to strategies that maintain quality while effectively containing cost.MethodsIn July 2016, we implemented an ERAS for mastectomy protocol consisting of limiting fasting state, preoperative multimodal analgesia, and pectoralis I and II blocks. After 1 year, patient records were retrospectively reviewed for length of stay, opioid consumption, pain scores, and hospital charges.ResultsImplementation of an ERAS protocol for mastectomies led to a decrease in opioid consumption, and statistically significant decrease in length of stay (1.19 vs. 1.44, p = 0.01). No significant change in hospital charges was observed ($25,787 vs. $25,863, p = 0.97); however, the variance of charges was significantly decreased (6.8 × 107 vs. 1.5 × 108, p = 0.002). The decrease in length of stay translated to an extra 100 hospital bed days which can provide up to an additional $2,100,000 in gross patient service revenue from additional mastectomy volume.ConclusionERAS protocols for mastectomies may prove beneficial by allowing growing hospitals to increase bed capacity and consequently surgical volume. Despite no change in hospital charges, we predict a potential increase in gross patient service revenue of $2.1 million due to saved hospital bed days.
Estimating the Cognitive Diagnosis Q\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\varvec{Q}$$\end{document} Matrix with Expert Knowledge: Application to the Fraction-Subtraction Dataset
Authors: Culpepper Steven Andrew 
Published: November 2018

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are an important psychometric framework for classifying students in terms of attribute and/or skill mastery. The Q\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\varvec{Q}$$\end{document} matrix, which specifies the required attributes for each item, is central to implementing CDMs. The general unavailability of Q\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\varvec{Q}$$\end{document} for most content areas and datasets poses a barrier to widespread applications of CDMs, and recent research accordingly developed fully exploratory methods to estimate Q. However, current methods do not always offer clear interpretations of the uncovered skills and existing exploratory methods do not use expert knowledge to estimate Q. We consider Bayesian estimation of Q\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\varvec{Q}$$\end{document} using a prior based upon expert knowledge using a fully Bayesian formulation for a general diagnostic model. The developed method can be used to validate which of the underlying attributes are predicted by experts and to identify residual attributes that remain unexplained by expert knowledge. We report Monte Carlo evidence about the accuracy of selecting active expert-predictors and present an application using Tatsuoka’s fraction-subtraction dataset.
Depression screening in HIV-positive Tanzanian adults: comparing the PHQ-2, PHQ-9 and WHO-5 questionnaires
Authors: Nolan C. P. , O'Donnell P. J. M. , Desderius B. M. , Mzombwe M. , McNairy M. L. , Peck R. N. , Kingery J. R. 
Published: November 2018

Background.HIV-positive individuals are at significantly increased risk of depression. In low- and middle-income countries, depression is frequently under-detected, hampered by a lack of data regarding available screening tools. The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) is widely used to screen for depression, yet its validity in African adults with HIV has yet to be examined.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled HIV-positive adults presenting to an outpatient HIV clinic in Mwanza, Tanzania. Patients were administered the Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ)-2/9 and WHO-5 questionnaires. The rate of positive screens was calculated. Fisher's exact test and Pearson's correlation coefficients between PHQ-2/9 and WHO-5 scores were calculated.Results.We enrolled 72 HIV-positive adults: rates of positive depression screen were 62.5%, 77.8%, and 47.2% according to PHQ-2, PHQ-9, and WHO-5, respectively. PHQ and WHO results for depression were significantly associated (Fisher's exact test: PHQ-2 v. WHO-5, p = 0.028; PHQ-9 v. WHO-5, p = 0.002). The level of correlation between PHQ and WHO results for depression was moderate (Pearson's correlation coefficient: PHQ-2 v. WHO-5 −0.3289; PHQ-9 v. WHO-5 −0.4463).Per Mantel–Haenszel analysis, screening results were significantly more concordant among patients in the following strata: men, age >40, Sukuma ethnicity, Christian, unmarried, self-employed, at least primary school education completed, and higher than the median income level.Conclusions.WHO-5 scores correlated well with those of the PHQ-9, suggesting that the WHO-5 represents a valid screening tool. The concordance of PHQ-9 and WHO-5 results was poorer in marginalized socioeconomic groups. Positive depression screens were exceedingly common among HIV-positive Tanzanian adults according to all three questionnaires.
Vegetation Changes around Haven Lake, Adak Island, Central Aleutians, Alaska, Determined from Pollen Analysis
Authors: Noguchi Makoto , Fujiki Toshiyuki , Okuno Mitsuru , Gualtieri Lyn , Hatfield Virginia , Sarata Brenn , Torii Masayuki , Wada Keiji , Nakamura Toshio , West Dixie 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTWe collected peat sediments (sediment core ADK13083002) from Haven Lake on the north side of Adak Island (central Aleutian Islands, Alaska) to determine whether the vegetation has changed. We confirmed the presence of six tephra layers, including Forty Years (0.3 cal ka BP), T2, YBO (3.3 cal ka BP), Intermediate (6.4 cal ka BP), Main (9.5 cal ka BP), and T6. We identified four major pollen assemblage zones (HL-1 to HL-4, in descending order) in the cored sediment. HL-1 was dominated by Ranunculaceae and Empetrum pollen; H-2 was dominated by Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Empetrum pollen; HL-3 was dominated by Poaceae and Empetrum pollen; and HL-4 was dominated by Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Lycopodiaceae, and Empetrum pollen. Small charcoal particles, likely transported from a distance, were found at low frequencies until 6.4 cal ka BP. The total cross-sectional area of charcoal particles increased to 1500 μm2 or more by 6.4 cal ka BP, implying that the large charcoal particles originated from nearby Aleut settlements, which were established around the same time.
Development of Surficial Deposits on Belyi Island (Kara Sea) during the Last 40,000 Years
Authors: Yurtaev A , Alexandrovskiy A , Skripkin V , Zazovskaya E , Dolgikh A 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA series of radiocarbon (14C) dates of peat and other materials, containing organic matter, were obtained from Belyi Island. We have identified a large group of dates associates with MIS 1, as well as a significant group of dates associated with the Kargin (MIS 3) period (40–31 ka cal BP). A large number of dates from the Late Glacial period and from the Early Holocene (MIS 1—ca. 14–9 ka cal BP) point to this time interval being associated with warm climate conditions (the Holocene thermal maximum). The climate cooled off significantly during the Middle and Late Holocene, and the intensity of peat accumulation declined. The dates from the MIS 2 period are missing, due to the conditions of this period being extremely unfavorable for the accumulation of peat, as well as of other materials suitable for 14C dating.
Reconstruction of Soil Carbon Redistribution Processes along a Hillslope Section in a Forested Area
Authors: Novák Tibor József , Molnár Mihály , Buró Botond 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) with depth and its horizontal pattern is influenced by the topography and relief of the surface, due to lateral redistribution of soil material along slopes. Spatial and temproral variability of these changes is frequently due to human impacts on the landscape. In our study, the results of these processes were studied in detail in a small sub-catchment in a forested hillslope section using radiocarbon (14C) dating of SOC and embedded datable material (charcoal, artifacts) from soil profiles with colluvial accumulations. Events with accelerated material redistribution could be identified as an accumulation of a 40-cm-thick colluvial layer between cal BC 410–360 (2σ) and cal AD 430–580 (2σ). Later colluvial deposition resulted in thinner accumulations (cal AD 1120–1220 [2σ] 30 cm; cal AD 1810–1920 [2σ] 21 cm). As the earliest human impact, we found soil transformation from cal BC 1290–1130 (2σ). The depth-age model for SOC compiled according to the average SOC age and its depth showed different characteristics on middle-slope and down-slope position, with rates of 48.0 yr×cm–1 and 22.0 yr×cm–1 respectively, which indicates the importance of topographic position of soils in SOC redistribution processes.
CONFIGURATION CATEGORIES AND HOMOTOPY AUTOMORPHISMS
Authors: WEISS MICHAEL S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLet M be a smooth compact manifold with boundary. Under some geometric conditions on M, a homotopical model for the pair (M, ∂M) can be recovered from the configuration category of M \ ∂M. The grouplike monoid of derived homotopy automorphisms of the configuration category of M \ ∂M then acts on the homotopical model of (M, ∂M). That action is compatible with a better known homotopical action of the homeomorphism group of M \ ∂M on (M, ∂M).
Plasmoid instability in the semi-collisional regime
Authors: Bhat Pallavi , Loureiro Nuno F. 
Published: November 2018

We investigate analytically and numerically the semi-collisional regime of the plasmoid instability, defined by the inequality $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\text{SP}}\gg \unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s}\gg \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\text{in}}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\text{SP}}$ is the width of a Sweet–Parker current sheet, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s}$ is the ion sound Larmor radius and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\text{in}}$ is the width of the boundary layer that arises in the plasmoid instability analysis. Theoretically, this regime is predicted to exist if the Lundquist number $S$ and the length of the current sheet $L$ are such that $(L/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s})^{14/9}<S<(L/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s})^{2}$ (for a sinusoidal-like magnetic configuration; for a Harris-type sheet the lower bound is replaced with $(L/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s})^{8/5}$). These bounds are validated numerically by means of simulations using a reduced gyrokinetic model (Zocco & Schekochihin, Phys. Plasmas, vol. 18 (10), 2011, 102309) conducted with the code Viriato. Importantly, this regime is conjectured to allow for plasmoid formation at relatively low, experimentally accessible, values of the Lundquist number. Our simulations obtain plasmoid instability at values of $S$ as low as ${\sim}250$. The simulations do not prescribe a Sweet–Parker sheet; rather, one is formed self-consistently during the nonlinear evolution of the initial tearing mode configuration. This proves that this regime of the plasmoid instability is realizable, at least at the relatively low values of the Lundquist number that are accessible to current dedicated experiments.
Analytical estimates of proton acceleration in laser-produced turbulent plasmas
Authors: Beyer Konstantin A. , Reville Brian , Bott Archie F. A. , Park Hye-Sook , Sarkar Subir , Gregori Gianluca 
Published: November 2018

With the advent of high power lasers, new opportunities have opened up for simulating astrophysical processes in the laboratory. We show that second-order Fermi acceleration can be directly investigated at the National Ignition Facility, Livermore. This requires measuring the momentum-space diffusion of 3 MeV protons produced within a turbulent plasma generated by a laser. Treating Fermi acceleration as a biased diffusion process, we show analytically that a measurable broadening of the initial proton distribution is then expected for particles exiting the plasma.