bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of devolution on the trends of paediatric malaria admissions and mortality in Homa-Bay County, Kenya
Authors: Kodhiambo M O , Amugune B K , Oyugi J O 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground: Malaria is a leading cause of paediatric admissions, morbidity and mortality. Malaria burden is endemic in Homa Bay County in the Lake Region in Kenya. Low social-economic status in Homa Bay County enhances malaria transmission, morbidity and mortality. Paediatric malaria admission and mortality have recently increased in the lake region unlike the rest of Kenya. Literature review did not show studies interrogating health policy correlates of this malaria problem in the region. The policy of the recently devolvement of the government system in Kenya was to bring services closer to the people. Devolved government in which the county governments are now responsible for healthcare delivery may have unique challenges that may influence disease morbidity and mortality.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of devolution on paediatric malaria admission and mortality trends in public health facilities in Homa Bay County.
Methods: This was a retrospective quasi-experimental study in which paediatrics records of 36 months before and 36 months after the devolvement of government were retrieved and analyzed for malaria incidence and deaths. All records of paediatric malaria cases reported in all 164 public health facilities in Homa-Bay County were examined. Data from the sub-County was obtained from the electronic records at the County Hospital. Hard copy data from health facilities in eight sub-Counties was also inspected at the sub-County level. Analysis of the data was accomplished by use of the Interrupted Time Series (ITS). Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the appropriate authorities. Data coding system was used in order to ensure confidentiality.
Results: From January 2013, deaths increased gradually until around the 33rd month when it rose abruptly to nearly 800 then declined to levels below 200 in the 34 th month, which was around the time of devolution. This was followed by a period of stability. Admissions had a similar trend. Conclusions: There was a slight raise in paediatric malaria admissions and in the number of deaths due to malaria morbidity in Homa Bay County after the devolvement of government system in Kenya a factor which could be attributed to teething challenges of devolution. More studies are necessary to assess progress towards universal access to good healthcare services post devolution.
The Last 5 Gyr of Galactic Chemical Evolution Based on H ii Region Abundances Derived from a Temperature Independent Method
Authors: Carigi Leticia , Peimbert Manuel , Peimbert Antonio 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Most of the chemical evolution models are not very reliable for the last 5 Gyr of galactic evolution; this is mainly because abundance gradients found in the literature show a big dispersion for young objects; a big culprit of this is the dispersion found in H ii region gradients. Part of this dispersion arises from two different methods used to determine O/H in H ii regions: the direct method (DM), based on forbidden lines; and the temperature independent method (TIM), based on permitted lines; the differences between these two methods are about 0.25 dex. We present two chemical evolution models of our galaxy to fit the O/H gradients of H ii regions, one obtained from the DM and the other obtained from the TIM. We find that the model based on the TIM produces an excellent fit to the observational stellar constraints (B-stars, Cepheids, and the Sun), while the model based on the DM fails to reproduce them. Moreover the TIM model reproduces the flattening observed in the 3–6 kpc galactocentric range; this flattening is attained with an inside-out star formation quenching in the inner disk starting ∼9 Gyr ago.
Time Evolution of 3D Disk Formation with Misaligned Magnetic Field and Rotation Axes
Authors: Väisälä Miikka S. , Shang Hsien , Krasnopolsky Ruben , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Lam Ka Ho , Li Zhi-Yun 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Distinguishing diagnostic observational signatures produced by MHD models is essential in understanding the physics for the formation of protostellar disks in the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array era. Developing suitable tools along with time evolution will facilitate better identification of diagnostic features. With the ray-tracing-based radiative transfer code Perspective we explore the time evolution of MHD models carried out in Li et al.—most of which have 90° misalignment between the rotational axis and the magnetic field. Four visible object types can be characterized, origins of which are dependent on the initial conditions. Our results show complex spiraling density, velocity, and polarization structures. The systems are under constant change, but many of those distinctive features are present already early on, and they grow more visible in time, but most could not be identified from the data without examining their change in time. The results suggest that spiraling pseudo-disk structures could function as an effective observation signature of the formation process, and we witness accretion in the disk with eccentric orbits that appear as spiral-like perturbation from simple circular Keplerian orbits. Magnetically aligned polarization appears purely azimuthal in the disk, and the magnetic field can lead to precession of the disk.
On Solar Recurrent Coronal Jets: Coronal Geysers as Sources of Electron Beams and Interplanetary Type-III Radio Bursts
Authors: Paraschiv Alin Razvan , Donea Alina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Coronal jets are transitory small-scale eruptions that are omnipresent in solar observations. Active regions jets produce significant perturbations on the ambient solar atmosphere and are believed to be generated by microflare reconnection. Multiple sets of recurrent jets are identified in extreme-ultraviolet filter imaging. In this work we analyze the long timescale recurrence of coronal jets originating from a unique footpoint structure observed in the lower corona. We report the detection of penumbral magnetic structures in the lower corona. These structures, which we call “coronal geysers,” persist through multiple reconnection events that trigger recurrent jets in a quasi-periodical trend. Recurrent jet eruptions have been associated with Type-III radio bursts that are manifestations of traveling non-thermal electron beams. We examine the assumed link, as the coronal sources of interplanetary Type-III bursts are still open for debate. We scrutinized the hypothesized association by temporally correlating a statistically significant sample of six Geyser structures that released at least 50 recurrent jets, with correspondent Type-III radio bursts detected in the interplanetary medium. Data analysis of these phenomena provides new information on small-scale reconnection, non-thermal electron beam acceleration, and energy release. We find that the penumbral Geyser-like flaring structures produce recurring jets. They can be long-lived, quasi-stable, and act as coronal sources for Type-III bursts, and, implicitly, upward accelerated electron beams.
The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XVIII. Proper-motion Kinematics of Multiple Stellar Populations in the Core Regions of NGC 6352
Authors: Libralato Mattia , Bellini Andrea , Piotto Giampaolo , Nardiello Domenico , Marel Roeland P. van der , Anderson Jay , Bedin Luigi R. , Vesperini Enrico 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present the analysis of the radial distributions and kinematic properties of the multiple stellar populations (mPOPs) hosted in the globular cluster (GC) NGC 6352 as part of the Hubble Space Telescope “UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters” program. NGC 6352 is one of the few GCs for which the mPOP tagging in appropriate color–magnitude diagrams is clear in all evolutionary sequences. We computed high-precision stellar proper motions for the stars from the cluster’s core out to 75 arcsec (∼1.5 core radii, or ∼0.6 half-light radii). We find that, in the region explored, first- and second-generation stars share the same radial distribution and kinematic properties. Velocity dispersions, anisotropy radial profiles, differential rotation, and level of energy equipartition, all suggest that NGC 6352 is probably in an advanced evolutionary stage, and any possible difference in the structural and kinematic properties of its mPOPs have been erased by dynamical processes in the core of the cluster. We also provide an estimate of the mass of blue stragglers and of main-sequence binaries through kinematics alone. In general, in order to build a complete dynamical picture of this and other GCs, it will be essential to extend the analyses presented in this paper to the GCs’ outer regions where some memories of the initial differences in the mPOP properties, and those imprinted by dynamical processes, might still be present.
Debris of Asteroid Disruptions Close to the Sun∗
Authors: Ye 叶 Quanzhi 泉志 , Granvik Mikael 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The under-abundance of asteroids on orbits with small perihelion distances suggests that thermally driven disruption may be an important process in the removal of rocky bodies in the solar system. Here we report our study of how the debris streams arise from possible thermally driven disruptions in the near-Sun region. We calculate that a small body with a diameter ≳0.5 km can produce a sufficient amount of material to allow the detection of the debris at the Earth as meteor showers, and that bodies at such sizes thermally disrupt every ∼2 kyr. We also find that objects from the inner parts of the asteroid belt are more likely to become Sun-approachers than those from the outer parts. We simulate the formation and evolution of the debris streams produced from a set of synthetic disrupting asteroids drawn from Granvik et al.’s near-Earth object population model, and find that they evolve 10–70 times faster than streams produced at ordinary solar distances. We compare the simulation results to a catalog of known meteor showers on Sun-approaching orbits. We show that there is a clear overabundance of Sun-approaching meteor showers, which is best explained by a combining effect of comet contamination and an extended disintegration phase that lasts up to a few thousand years. We suggest that a few asteroid-like Sun-approaching objects that brighten significantly at their perihelion passages could, in fact, be disrupting asteroids. An extended period of thermal disruption may also explain the widespread detection of transiting debris in exoplanetary systems.
Cosmological Evolution of Quasar Radio Emission in the View of Multifractality
Authors: Belete A. Bewketu , Femmam Smain , Tornikosk Merja , Lähteenmäki Anne , Tammi Joni , Leão I. C. , Canto Martins B. L. , Medeiros J. R. De 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Variations in scaling behavior in the flux and emissions of distant astronomical sources with respect to their cosmic time are important phenomena that can provide valuable information about the dynamics within the sources and their cosmological evolution with time. Different studies have been applying linear analysis to understand and model quasars’ light curves. Here, we study the multifractal behavior of selected quasars’ radio emissions in their observed frame (at 22 and 37 GHz bands) and their rest frame. To this end, we apply the wavelet transform-based multifractal analysis formalism called wavelet transform modulus maxima. In addition, we verify whether the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models fit our data. In our work, we observe strong multifractal behavior for all the sources. Additionally, we find that the degree of multifractality is strongly similar for each source and significantly different between sources at 22 and 37 GHz. This similarity implies that the two frequencies have the same radiation region and mechanism, whereas the difference indicates that the sources have intrinsically different dynamics. Furthermore, we show that the degree of multifractality is the same in the observed and rest frames of the quasars, i.e., multifractality is an intrinsic property of radio quasars. Finally, we show that the ARIMA models fit the 3C 345 quasar at 22 GHz and partially fit most of the time series, with the exception of the 3C 273 and 3C 279 quasars at 37 GHz, for which the models are found to be inadequate.
Media education in France: a hard consolidation with good prospects
Authors: Bevort Evelyne 
Published: March 2019

For at least one century, France has played a relevant role in media education using an innovative and even fighting spirit model. Research has enriched the field but the model has never become really integrated into school. However, it is nowadays that an official integration of media education into the educational system can be observed, so it is now when redefinition and deep reflection on media education are needed.
Francia ha tenido, desde hace más de un siglo, un relevante papel en la educación en medios, con un espíritu muy innovador, incluso casi combativo en pro de una idea de escuela y de los propios medios. Los numerosos trabajos y textos teóricos que se han ido generando han enriquecido bastante las múltiples prácticas, dando sentido de esta forma a la enseñanza, pero siempre se ha trabajado más en una óptica «pedagógica y cultural», sin llegar a una integración global con los contenidos impartidos en la escuela. Sin embargo, hoy parece que nos dirigimos hacia una consagración más oficial en el seno del sistema educativo en su conjunto. Y es en este preciso momento, cuando el conjunto de prácticas mediáticas está en proceso de redefinición, cuando urge una reflexión a fondo sobre los modos de conocimiento en la era de la sociedad de la información.
A view of media education in Spain
Authors: Gabelas-Barroso José-Antonio 
Published: March 2019

Media studies in Spain have been conspicuous for their discontinuity, slumps, and reductionisms. Educational institutions haven’t actually acknowledged the key social role that media and their screens play as agents and role-models in education. Hence that there arises the pressing need to devise a program that co-ordinates and integrates audiovisual and multi-visual literacy within the present school syllabus.
La historia de la educación en medios en el estado español ha estado caracterizada por una serie de altibajos, discontinuidades y reduccionismos. Las instituciones educativas no se han tomado en serio la enorme importancia que tienen los medios y sus pantallas –tradicionales y nuevas– en la sociedad como agentes y modelos de educación. A pesar de experiencias y proyectos puntuales, urge diseñar un programa que coordine e integre la alfabetización audiovisual y multimedial en el currículum escolar.
Culture and television. A controversial relation
Authors: Ruano-López Soledad 
Published: March 2019

From the birth of the public television in Europe, media has been related with cultural and divulging objectives. Nevertheless, it is necessary to admit that the relation between television and culture have always been difficult or al least controversial. Until the eighties there seemed to exist a mutual respect among each other but since the loss of monopoly on the part of the public European chains the relation has been getting worse. Public television has got involved in drag by a crazy race for audience rates where programmes on or with cultural values have been progressively diminished.
Desde el nacimiento de la televisión en Europa, se le ha atribuido una función cultural y de difusión de valores, de conocimiento y de saber. Sin embargo, hay que reconocer que la relación entre televisión y cultura siempre ha sido difícil y polémica. Hasta los años ochenta parecía existir un mutuo respeto entre ambas, pero, desde la pérdida del monopolio por parte de las cadenas públicas europeas, la relación ha ido empeorando hasta alcanzar el rótulo de «mala». La televisión pública se ha dejado arrastrar por una loca carrera de índices de audiencia, en donde los programas de valores culturales, con valores culturales o sobre-valores culturales han ido menguando progresivamente.
Towards e-learning from free software. Moodle like a Learning Managament System (LMS) within reach of all
Authors: Llorente-Cejudo María-del-Carmen 
Published: March 2019

Organizations opting for different Learning Management Systems (LMS) as tools for the development of formative actions through the Net are currently countless. The present paper has as its main objective to carry out an approach to free software and the different available LMS and –specially– the specific case of Moodle.
Innumerables son ya en la actualidad las organizaciones que están optando por diferentes entornos virtuales de enseñanza-aprendizaje (abreviado EVE/A) como herramientas para el desarrollo de acciones formativas a través de la Red. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal realizar una aproximación al software libre y a los diferentes EVE/A disponibles bajo esta concepción, y más concretamente, el caso específico de Moodle.
Gender construction and spanish fiction TV
Authors: Galán-Fajardo Elena 
Published: March 2019

In the last years there has been an increase of gender studies, with the incorporation of women at academic world and as consecuence of a bigger social awareness. Even so, the analyses of this type, specially in communication, are not very usual. The object of this paper is to analyze gender construction and stereotypes in spanish fiction TV through two successful Spanish series, proposing a model of analyses that allows to recognize and to clasificate these representations.
En los últimos años se ha producido un incremento de los estudios de género, debido a la incorporación de la mujer al mundo académico y a la existencia de una mayor concienciación social. Aún así, los análisis de este tipo, ubicados en el ámbito de la comunicación, siguen siendo poco frecuentes. El objetivo principal de este artículo es estudiar la construcción de género y los estereotipos empleados en la ficción televisiva española a través de dos series de gran éxito, proponiendo un modelo de ficha de análisis que permita reconocer y categorizar estas representaciones.
Cultural Studies and film in Spain
Authors: Palacio-Arranz Manuel 
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the use of the different methodologies in cultural studies by Spanish researchers and academics. These working methodologies are still peripheral in film studies in Spain, although the number of publications generically adhering to cultural studies viewpoints are increasing, above all those studies concerning film audience or gender and, to a lesser extent, those dealing with film reception, stereotype representation and more recently transnational studies.
Este trabajo presenta el uso de las metodologías de los estudios culturales por los docentes e investigadores españoles. Estas metodologías de trabajo todavía resultan periféricas en los estudios de cine en España; sin embargo, está creciendo el número de publicaciones genéricamente adscritas a planteamientos culturalistas; en especial,y lo han hecho los estudios sobre el público del cine y los de género, y en menor medida los de recepción fílmica, la representación de los estereotipos y recientemente los estudios transnacionales.
Effectiveness of Intrastromal Corneal Ring Implantation in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Keratoconus: A Systematic Review
Authors: Izquierdo Luis , Mannis Mark J. , Mejías Smith Josefina A. , Henriquez Maria A. 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the available evidence on the effectiveness of intrastromal corneal rings (ICRs) in the treatment of adults with keratoconus.

METHODS:
A systematic review of electronic databases was completed through July 30, 2017. All primary research articles in which adults with keratoconus were treated with ICRs were included. Two independent reviewers assessed methodological quality and classified the studies into high, low, or undefined risk of bias. The measured variables assessed were visual acuity, refraction, keratometry, ring type, and complications.

RESULTS:
The initial search yielded 442 scientific articles, 62 articles were read extensively, and 18 articles were assessed for eligibility and included for statistical analysis and quality assessment. A total of 1,325 eyes were analyzed, and the results were evaluated preoperatively and at 12 months of follow-up. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) improved 0.23 ± 0.28 logMAR and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved 0.06 ± 0.21 logMAR. Sphere improved 2.81 ± 1.54 diopters (D), cylinder improved 1.49 ± 0.83 D, and mean keratometry improved 3.41 ± 2.13 D within 12 months of follow-up. ICR implantation combined with corneal crosslinking improved UDVA, refraction, and keratometry to a greater degree than ICR implantation alone.

CONCLUSIONS:
The studies analyzed demonstrate refractive and visual improvement of patients treated with the ICR implantation technique. However, description of the methodological process necessary to evaluate the bias effectively is insufficient.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(3):191–200.]
Vaccine Hesitancy: An Overview on Parents' Opinions about Vaccination and Possible Reasons of Vaccine Refusal
Authors: Facciolà Alessio , Visalli Giuseppa , Orlando Annalisa , Bertuccio Maria Paola , Spataro Pasquale , Squeri Raffaele , Picerno Isa , Pietro Angela Di 
Published: March 2019

Background Vaccine hesitancy has increased worldwide with a subsequent decreasing of vaccination rates and outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (i.e. measles, poliomyelitis and pertussis) in several developed countries, including Italy. Design and Methods We conducted a survey to investigate the attitudes of a parents’ sample about vaccinations by the distribution of questionnaires in six lower secondary schools of the Italian city of Messina. Results Regarding vaccinations carried out on children, the declared vaccination coverage rates ranged widely between good coverage percentages for some vaccinations (Measles-Mumps-Rubella, Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis), and very low coverage rates for others, especially for “new” vaccinations (HPV, meningococcal, pneumococcal). The vaccinations carried out correlated negatively with both parents’ age and their level of education. Moreover, a favourable parents’ opinion was strongly influenced by a favourable opinion of the physician, while an unfavourable parents’ opinion seemed conditioned by a direct or indirect knowledge of people harmed by vaccines. In addition, our data show that parents do not often know or partially know the real composition of the vaccines and the diseases prevented by vaccinations. Conclusions Data analysis shows that parents are, theoretically, favourable towards vaccinations but have little knowledge of such practices, sometimes not being unaware of the types of vaccines administrated to their children. Health education and communication of correct information are certainly the cornerstones to improve the situation and to fight the widespread and non-grounded fears about vaccines.
Typification and application of the name Arctotis grandiflora Aiton (Asteraceae: Arctotideae)
Authors: McKenzie Robert J. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Ongoing taxonomic studies in the African genus Arctotis (Asteraceae) necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections.Objectives: To evaluate the taxonomic status and application of the name Arctotis grandiflora Aiton.Methods: Type material and herbarium specimens were located and examined, relevant literature was consulted and wild populations were observed.Results: The type material of A. grandiflora Aiton comprises specimens of two taxa from independent gatherings. A lectotype is designated for A. grandiflora.Conclusion: The name A. grandiflora Aiton is a heterotypic synonym of Arctotis stoechadifolia P.J.Bergius. A revised synonymy for A. stoechadifolia is presented.