bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the epidemiology of hepatitis A in three socio-economic regions of China, 1990–2017
Authors: Sun Xiao-Jin , Zhang Guo-Min , Zhou Rong-Jun , Zheng Hui , Miao Ning , Yin Zun-Dong , Wang Fu-Zhen 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Hepatitis A (HepA) vaccination and economic transitions can change the epidemiology of HepA. China’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita was known to be inversely associated with the incidence of HepA, but a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of HepA in different socio-economic regions is lacking. We compare the changing epidemiology of HepA in three socioeconomic-geographic regions of China.

Methods
We obtained data on all HepA cases reported through the National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and assessed trends and changes in age-specific incidence rates by age quartile and season. We categorized the country into three regions, the sequential years into five era, compared the incidence, quartile age, seasonal intensity and coverage of HepA of the three regions. Linear regression was performed to analyse trends in incidence of HepA and to analyse the association between coverage and incidence.

Results
The annual mean incidences of HepA in the eastern, central, and western regions decreased from 63.52/100 000, 50.57/100 000 and 46.39/100 000 in 1990–1992 to 1.18/100 000, 1.05/100 000 and 3.14/100 000 in 2012–2017, respectively. Decreases in incidence were seen in all age groups in the three regions; the incidence was highest (9.3/100 000) in the youngest age group (0–4 years) of the western region, while in the central region, the age group with the highest incidence changed from 0 to 9 years to adults ≥60 years old. In 2017, the median age of HepA cases was 43 years (Q1–Q3: 33–55), 47 years (Q1–Q3: 32–60) and 33 years (Q1–Q3: 9–52) in the eastern, central, and western provinces, respectively. Seasonal peaks became smaller or were nearly elimination nationwide, but seasonality persisted in some provinces. After the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) included HepA vaccine into the routine schedule in 2007, HepA coverage increased to > 80% in the three regions and was negatively association with the HepA incidence.

Conclusion
The incidence of HepA decreased markedly between 1990 and 2017. A socioeconomic inequity in coverage of HepA vaccine was almost eliminated after HepA vaccine was introduced into China’s EPI system, but inequity in incidence still existed in lower socio-economic developed region.
A guide to applying the Good Publication Practice 3 guidelines in the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Hesp Blair R. , Arai Katsuhisa , Chu Magdalene Y. S. , Chuah Stefanie , Curameng Jose Miguel B. , Kamat Sandeep , Ma Zhigang , Sakko Andrew , Fernandez Hazel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNumerous recommendations and guidelines aim to improve the quality, timeliness and transparency of medical publications. However, these guidelines use ambiguous language that can be challenging to interpret, particularly for speakers of English as a second language. Cultural expectations within the Asia-Pacific region raise additional challenges and several studies have suggested that awareness and application of ethical publication practices in the Asia-Pacific region is relatively low compared with other regions. However, guidance on applying ethical publication practice guidelines in the Asia-Pacific region is lacking. This commentary aims to improve publication practices in the Asia-Pacific region by providing guidance on applying the 10 principles of the Good Publication Practice 3 (GPP3) guidelines and the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship. Recommendations are provided for encore presentations, applying the ICMJE authorship criteria in the context of regional cultural expectations, and the role of study sponsors and professional medical writers. Ongoing barriers to compliance with guidelines are also highlighted, and additional guidance is provided to support authors submitting manuscripts for publication. The roles of regional journals, regulatory authorities and professional bodies in improving practices are also discussed.
Transcriptional Regulation of ZNF638 in Thermogenic Cells by the cAMP Response Element Binding Protein in Male Mice
Authors: Perie Luce , Verma Narendra , Xu Lingyan , Ma Xinran , Mueller Elisabetta 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Zinc finger factors are implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including adipose tissue differentiation and thermogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that zinc finger protein 638 (ZNF638) is a transcriptional coactivator acting as an early regulator of adipogenesis in vitro. In this study, we show, to our knowledge for the first time, that, in vivo, ZNF638 abounds selectively in mature brown and subcutaneous fat tissues and in fully differentiated thermogenic adipocytes. Furthermore, gene expression studies revealed that ZNF638 is upregulated by cAMP modulators in vitro and by cold exposure and by pharmacological stimulation of β-adrenergic signaling in vivo. In silico analysis of the upstream regulatory region of the ZNF638 gene identified two putative cAMP response elements within 500 bp of the ZNF638 transcription start site. Detailed molecular analysis involving EMSA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) binds to these cAMP response element regions of the ZNF638 promoter, and functional studies revealed that CREB is necessary and sufficient to regulate the levels of ZNF638 transcripts. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ZNF638 is selectively expressed in mature thermogenic adipocytes and tissues and that its induction in response to classic stimuli that promote heat generation is mediated via CREB signaling, pointing to a possible novel role of ZNF638 in brown and beige fat tissues.
Tissue-specific roles of p73 in development and homeostasis
Authors: Nemajerova Alice , Moll Ute M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
p73 (TP73) belongs to the p53 family of transcription factors. Its gene locus encodes two opposing types of isoforms, the transcriptionally active TAp73 class and the dominant-negative DNp73 class, which both play critical roles in development and homeostasis in an astonishingly diverse array of biological systems within specific tissues. While p73 has functions in cancer, this Review focuses on the non-oncogenic activities of p73. In the central and peripheral nervous system, both isoforms cooperate in complex ways to regulate neural stem cell survival, self-renewal and terminal differentiation. In airways, oviduct and to a lesser extent in brain ependyma, TAp73 is the master transcriptional regulator of multiciliogenesis, enabling fluid and germ cell transport across tissue surfaces. In male and female reproduction, TAp73 regulates gene networks that control cell–cell adhesion programs within germinal epithelium to enable germ cell maturation. Finally, p73 participates in the control of angiogenesis in development and cancer. While many open questions remain, we discuss here key findings that provide insight into the complex functions of this gene at the organismal, cellular and molecular level.
A new role for Notch in the control of polarity and asymmetric cell division of developing T cells
Authors: Charnley Mirren , Ludford-Menting Mandy , Pham Kim , Russell Sarah M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
A fundamental question in biology is how single cells can reliably produce progeny of different cell types. Notch signalling frequently facilitates fate determination. Asymmetric cell division (ACD) often controls segregation of Notch signalling by imposing unequal inheritance of regulators of Notch. Here, we assessed the functional relationship between Notch and ACD in mouse T cell development. To attain immunological specificity, developing T cells must pass through a pivotal stage termed β-selection, which involves Notch signalling and ACD. We assessed functional interactions between Notch1 and ACD during β-selection through direct presentation of Notch ligands, DL1 and DL4, and pharmacological inhibition of Notch signalling. Contrary to prevailing models, we demonstrate that Notch signalling controls the distribution of Notch1 itself and cell fate determinants, α-adaptin and Numb. Furthermore, Notch and CXCR4 signalling cooperated to drive polarity during division. Thus, Notch signalling directly orchestrates ACD, and Notch1 is differentially inherited by sibling cells.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Rap1 and membrane lipids cooperatively recruit talin to trigger integrin activation
Authors: Bromberger Thomas , Zhu Liang , Klapproth Sarah , Qin Jun , Moser Markus 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
Recruitment and tethering of talin to the plasma membrane initiate the process of integrin activation. Multiple factors including the Rap1 proteins, RIAM (also known as APBB1IP) and PIP2 bind talin proteins and have been proposed to regulate these processes, but not systematically analyzed. By expressing specific talin mutants into talin-null fibroblasts, we show that binding of the talin F0 domain to Rap1 synergizes with membrane lipid binding of the talin F2 domain during talin membrane targeting and integrin activation, whereas the interaction of the talin rod with RIAM was dispensable. We also characterized a second Rap1-binding site within the talin F1 domain by detailed NMR analysis. Interestingly, while talin F1 exhibited significantly weaker Rap1-binding affinity than talin F0, expression of a talin F1 Rap1-binding mutant inhibited cell adhesion, spreading, talin recruitment and integrin activation similarly to the talin F0 Rap1-binding mutant. Moreover, the defects became significantly stronger when both Rap1-binding sites were mutated. In conclusion, our data suggest a model in which cooperative binding of Rap1 to the talin F0 and F1 domains synergizes with membrane PIP2 binding to spatiotemporally position and activate talins to regulate integrin activity.
Registered nursesâ€™ attitude and willingness to precept nursing students in Jamaica
Authors: Roper Carty MSN Michelle , LM Lindo PhD Jascinth , Stennett MPH Rosain 
Published: October 2019

Background: Registered nursesâ€™ willingness to precept nursing students is an important factor in ensuring a positive clinical learning environment. However, in resource poor settings with high patient to nurse ratio and other challenges in the delivery of nursing care preceptorship may represent an additional challenge.Aim: To determine the willingness of registered nurses to precept student nurses in Jamaica; their attitude towards the paired preceptorship model and factors which may influence the precepting process.Design: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilized a 32-item self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 76 full-time registered nurses assigned to medical/surgical wards at a major teaching hospital.Results: Nurses had a positive attitude towards precepting (97%) and believed their actions and attitudes positively influenced the learning outcomes of students. Two-thirds of registered nurses (63%) were willing to precept students and 87% preferred the paired preceptorship model. Self-efficacy (p<0.05) best explained their willingness to participate in both paired preceptorship and clinical teaching associate models while, normative beliefs regarding clinical learning environment was significant predictor of overall willingness.Conclusion: Registered nurses studied displayed positive attitude towards preceptorship and were willing to precept students. Policy makers should note that the paired preceptorship model was favoured by the group and that personal satisfaction and professional development were motivating factors for nursesâ€™ willingness to precept students. Formal training opportunities are needed to enhance studentsâ€™ clinical learning experience.Â Keywords: Precept; Willingness; Registered Nurses; Student Nurses; Jamaica.
Die Umsetzung der Konvention über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen in Deutschland: Aufgaben und Chancen für Bibliotheken
Authors: Sieberns Anne 
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung
Seit Inkrafttreten der UN-Konvention über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen in Deutschland im Jahr 2009 haben Bibliotheken als öffentlich zugängliche Einrichtungen eine Verpflichtung zur Umsetzung von Barrierefreiheit und Inklusion. Das ist keine kleine Aufgabe, aber auch eine Chance. Denn es kann die Bedeutung von Bibliotheken bei der Umsetzung der Rechte aller Menschen auf Zugang zu Informationen, Bildung und kultureller Teilhabe stärken und sichtbarer machen.
Developing Endogenous Innovations: Corporate Entrepreneurship and Effectuation
Authors: Parker Jennifer , Corner Patricia Doyle , Woodfield Paul J. , Singh Smita 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We empirically explore the process of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) through the conceptual lens of effectuation, a theory describing how entrepreneurs innovate. In particular, we investigate how endogenous innovations emerge and evolve into new products or services. The study thus provides an alternative perspective to most CE research that assumes a causation or rational-analytic approach to innovation. We implement a qualitative, multi-case study research design with corporate innovation projects as the level of analysis. Data are from interviews as well as secondary sources and were analyzed using within and cross case analysis. Findings reveal organic stages through which ideas are shaped into viable products. Findings show important effectuation principles at work including stakeholder commitments, affordable loss thinking, and a focus on control instead of prediction. Interestingly, findings illustrate how effectuation may differ in the corporate as compared to the new venture context. Implications for the wider literature are discussed along with limitations of the research design.
Applying the interlanguage approach to language teaching
Authors: Pallotti Gabriele 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The term interlanguage can be used to refer both to the object of investigation, i. e. learners’ L2 competences as instantiated in their linguistic productions, or to an approach to investigating such competences and describing such productions. In this second sense, it has major implications for both research and teaching, as it involves treating learners’ utterances as being based on separate linguistic systems, which need to be described in their own right, with no reference to other languages, including the L2. The didactic consequences of the interlanguage approach include, among other things, a different attitude towards errors, greater learners’ autonomy and a focus on linguistic experimentation and hypotheses-testing. The article reports on a project that applied these principles in some Italian primary schools. Pupils worked in groups to produce long, complex and well-organized written texts retelling a silent movie. Data collected at the beginning and end of the school year reveal that these experimental classes outperformed control classes on a number of dimensions, including group cohesion and motivation, text quality assessed with rating scales, and objective measures like text length, number of idea units, use of punctuation and cohesive devices. It is argued that interlanguage analysis and the interlanguage approach should become an integral part of teacher training in all areas of language education.
Modeling a Neurexin-3α Human Mutation in Mouse Neurons Identifies a Novel Role in the Regulation of Transsynaptic Signaling and Neurotransmitter Release at Excitatory Synapses
Authors: Restrepo Susana , Langer Nora J. , Nelson Kylan A. , Aoto Jason 
Published: October 2019

Presynaptic α-neurexins are highly expressed and more frequently linked to neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders than β-neurexins. However, how extracellular sequences specific to α-neurexins enable synaptic transmission is poorly understood. We identified a mutation in an extracellular region of neurexin-3α (A687T), located in a region conserved among α-neurexins and throughout vertebrate evolution, in a patient diagnosed with profound intellectual disability and epilepsy. We systematically interrogated this mutation using a knockdown-replacement approach, and discovered that the A687T mutation enhanced presynaptic morphology and increased two critical presynaptic parameters: (1) presynaptic release probability, and (2) the size of the readily releasable pool exclusively at excitatory synapses in mixed sex primary mouse hippocampal cultures. Introduction of the mutationin vivoand subsequent analysis inex vivobrain slices made from male and female mice revealed a significant increase in excitatory presynaptic neurotransmission that occluded presynaptic but not postsynaptic LTP. Mechanistically, neurexin-3αA687Tenhanced binding to LRRTM2 without altering binding to postsynaptic neuroligin-1. Thus, neurexin-3αA687Tunexpectedly produced the first neurexin presynaptic gain-of-function phenotype and revealed unanticipated novel insights into how α-neurexin extracellular sequences govern both transsynaptic adhesion and presynaptic neurotransmitter release.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite decades of scientific scrutiny, how precise α-neurexin extracellular sequences control synapse function remains enigmatic. One largely unpursued avenue to identify the role of precise extracellular sequences is the interrogation of naturally occurring missense mutations. Here, we identified a neurexin-3α missense mutation in a compound heterozygous patient diagnosed with profound intellectual disability and epilepsy and systematically interrogated this mutation. Usingin vitroandin vivomolecular replacement, electrophysiology, electron microscopy, and structure–function analyses, we reveal a novel role for neurexin-3α, unanticipated based on α-neurexin knock-out models, in controlling presynaptic morphology and neurotransmitter release at excitatory synapses. Our findings represent the first neurexin gain-of-function phenotype and provide new fundamentally important insight into the synaptic biology of α-neurexins.
USP8 mutations in corticotroph adenomas determine a distinct gene expression profile irrespective of functional tumour status
Authors: Bujko Mateusz , Kober Paulina , Boresowicz Joanna , Rusetska Natalia , Paziewska Agnieszka , Dąbrowska Michalina , Piaścik Agata , Pękul Monika , Zieliński Grzegorz , Kunicki Jacek , Bonicki Wiesław , Ostrowski Jerzy , Siedlecki Janusz A , Maksymowicz Maria 
Published: October 2019

Objective
Pituitary corticotroph adenomas commonly cause Cushing’s disease (CD) but part of these tumours are hormonally inactive (silent corticotroph adenomas, SCA). USP8 mutations are well-known driver mutations in corticotrophinomas. Differences in transcriptomic profiles between functioning and silent tumours or tumours with different USP8 status have not been investigated.

Design and methods
Forty-eight patients (28 CD, 20 SCA) were screened for USP8 mutations with Sanger sequencing. Twenty-four patients were included in transcriptomic profiling with Ampliseq Transcriptome Human Gene Expression Core Panel. The entire patients group was included in qRT-PCR analysis of selected genes expression. Immunohistochemistry was used for visualization of selected protein.

Results
We found USP8 mutation in 15 patients with CD and 4 SCAs. USP8 mutations determine molecular profile of the tumours as showed by hierarchical clustering and identification of 1648 genes differentially expressed in USP8-mutated and USP8-wild-type tumours. Mutations affect many molecular pathways as observed in Gene Set Enrichment analysis. USP8-mutated adenomas showed higher level of POMC, CDC25A, MAPK4 but lower level of CCND2, CDK6, CDKN1B than USP8-wt tumours. Eighty-seven genes differentially expressed between CD-related adenomas and SCAs were found, including those involved in cell signalling (GLI2, DLC1, TBX2, RASSF6), cell adhesion (GJA1, CDH6), ion transport (KCNN4, KCNJ5) and GABA signalling (GABBR2, GABRD).

Conclusion
USP8 mutations occur in functioning and silent corticotrophinomas. They have pleiotropic effect, not limited to EGFR signalling, and affect expression levels of many genes involved in different pathways. Expression of GABA-related genes GABBR2, GNAL, GABARD and KCNJ5 correspond to functional status of the tumours.
The Impact of Self-directed Learning on Work Performance of Lawyers
Authors: Alonderienė Raimonda , Suchotina Nina 
Published: October 2019

Lawyers mostly work individually and unobserved by supervisors, therefore, their employers want to make sure they gain sufficient competence to perform well. There is little previous research on the direct relationship between self-directed learning and individual work performance. Therefore, the goal of the paper is to analyze how self-directed learning influences individual work performance of lawyers in Lithuania.

Our study is based on a quantitative research method, a self-reported questionnaire including 267 lawyers. The self-directed learning readiness (Guglielmino, adapted by Hashim, 2007) and individual task performance (Koopmans et al., 2012) scales were chosen. The correlation and regression analysis is performed to answer the question of the research.
The survey revealed that self-directed learning dimensions explain up to 32.5 % of variance in individual work performance expressed by task performance. Determination, initiative, confidence and reflection in learning have statistically significant influence on individual work performan between self-directed learning and individual work performance of lawyers. Also, the topic is under-researched in the context of emerging economies.
The paper is original as few if any previous studies analyze the relationship between self-directed learning and individual work performance of lawyers. Also, the topic is under-researched in the context of emerging economies.
Nonlinear approximations of functions having mixed smoothness
Authors: Nguyen Cuong Manh 
Published: October 2019

For multivariate Besov-type classes $U^a_{p,\theta}$ of functions having nonuniform mixed smoothness $a\in\rr^d_+$, we obtain the asumptotic order of entropy numbers $\epsilon_n(U^a_{p,\theta},L_q)$ and non-linear widths $\rho_n(U^a_{p,\theta},L_q)$ defined via pseudo-dimension. We obtain also the asymptotic order of optimal methods of adaptive sampling recovery in $L_q$-norm of functions in $U^a_{p,\theta}$ by sets of a finite capacity which is measured by their cardinality or pseudo-dimension.