bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling Gas Networks with Compressors: A port‐Hamiltonian Approach
Authors: Bendokat Thomas , Benner Peter , Grundel Sara , Nayak Ashwin S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTransient gas network simulations can significantly assist in design and operational aspects of gas networks. Models used in these simulations require a detailed framework integrating various models of the network constituents ‐ pipes and compressor stations among others. In this context, the port‐Hamiltonian modelling framework provides an energy‐based modelling approach with a port‐based coupling mechanism. This study investigates developing compressor models in an integrated isothermal port‐Hamiltonian model for gas networks. Four different models of compressors are considered and their inclusion in a larger network model is detailed. A numerical implementation for a simple test case is provided to confirm the validity of the proposed model and to highlight their differences.
Chemotherapy–Surgery Interval Effects on Tumor Necrosis and Outcome in Children and Young Adults With Osteosarcoma
Authors: Mersfelder Rachel B. , Lwin Cara , Malik Shahid , Badgett Thomas C. , Chenard Stephen W. , Rekulapelli Akhil , Blette Bryan S. , Lawrenz Joshua M. , Borinstein Scott C. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectiveOsteosarcoma treatment incorporates chemotherapy and surgery. Resection of the primary tumor usually occurs after induction chemotherapy. Occasionally, scheduling challenges and medical complications result in delay. The goal of this study is to determine if an increased interval between completion of neoadjuvant therapy and surgical resection correlates with decreased tumor necrosis and inferior outcomes in children and young adults with osteosarcoma.Design/MethodWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 121 patients age less than 40 years diagnosed with osteosarcoma treated at a single tertiary medical center between 2000 and 2022. Inclusion criteria included receipt of two cycles of neoadjuvant methotrexate, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. Association of the interval from completion of induction chemotherapy to resection with tumor necrosis (Spearman's correlation) and outcomes (multivariable Cox hazard regression) were analyzed.ResultsThere was no significant correlation between interval length and tumor necrosis. However, patients with an interval greater than 16 days had lower 5‐year event‐free survival (p = 0.019). Multivariable adjusted analysis of patients with initially localized disease revealed that each day increase in interval length corresponds with a 1.1 times greater hazard of having an event (95% CI: 1.0–1.2; p = 0.016).ConclusionDelays in local control were not associated with tumor necrosis. This is consistent with the hypothesis that tumor necrosis is a biologic marker of a tumor's sensitivity to chemotherapy and may not be affected by minor regimen aberrations. However, surgical delay from completion of induction chemotherapy may confer worse outcomes. Longer intervals generally confer worse outcomes in patients with initially localized disease.
Prevention of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Among Black or African American Children With and Without Sickle Cell Disease in the United States After Introduction of 13‐Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, 2005 Through 2019
Authors: Payne Amanda B. , Gierke Ryan , Xing Wei , McGee Lesley , Hulihan Mary , Adamkiewicz Thomas V. , Kobayashi Miwako ,   for the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance Team
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAdministration of pneumococcal vaccines and oral penicillin prophylaxis has been recommended for children with sickle cell disease (SCD) to reduce the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). Characterizing changes in IPD cases among children with SCD after 13‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) introduction could help inform the need for additional prevention measures.MethodsUsing data from Active Bacterial Core surveillance, we characterized IPD cases among Black or African American (Black) children aged less than 18 years with SCD, non‐SCD IPD risk factors, and no IPD risk factors across three time periods (pre‐PCV13 [2005–2009], early‐PCV13 [2010–2014], and late‐PCV13 [2015–2019]), and assessed proportion of IPD cases caused by serotypes in new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV15, PCV20) recommended after 2019. We analyzed IPD incidence among children with and without SCD.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2019, 1725 IPD cases were reported among Black children (6.9% with SCD). IPD incidence among children with SCD declined by 50% between pre‐PCV13 and late‐PCV13 periods (from 332 to 167 per 100,000), although IPD incidence among children with SCD was 42 times that of children without SCD in late‐PCV13 period. During late‐PCV13 period, greater than 95% of IPD cases among children with SCD were non‐PCV13 serotypes; PCV15/non‐PCV13 and PCV20/non‐PCV15 serotypes caused 19% and 22% of cases, respectively. Increase in penicillin‐nonsusceptible IPD cases was not observed.ConclusionsDespite reductions in IPD incidence after PCV13 introduction, children with SCD are at increased risk of IPD compared to children without SCD. Use of higher valency PCVs may help reduce remaining IPD burden.
Feasibility of Utilizing a Brief Neurocognitive Battery in 3‐Year‐Old Patients During Treatment for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ramjan Sameera , Cole Peter D. , Blair‐Thies Melanie , Silverman Lewis B. , Fredrickson Amy , Schembri Adrian , Welch Jennifer J. Greene , Kahn Justine , Kelly Kara M. , Tran Thai‐Hoa , Michon Bruno , Gennarini Lisa , Sands Stephen A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTreatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with neurocognitive deficits in young children. While computerized measures have been utilized in pediatric oncology research, they exclude patients below the age of 4 years. Patients enrolled on “Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children and Adolescents” were offered participation in an optional neurocognitive study. Three‐year old patients did not differ from 4‐year‐old patients in their ability to perform or complete the tests. Including patients diagnosed at age 3 will serve to improve our understanding of at‐risk patients and their neurocognitive trajectory both during and after treatment.
Experimental investigation of laser texturing on surface roughness and wettability of PAHT CF15 fabricated by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Prasad Shivam , Prakash Shashi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFused deposition modeling (FDM) process has been emerged as an effective method for fabrication of different types of products without the need for expensive molds or material wasting subtractive processes. Polyamide composites possess higher mechanical properties, temperature resistance and inertness to many chemicals making them an attractive choice for many applications. This study focuses on the utilization of a nanosecond fiber laser texturing process as a post processing method for improving the surface finish and surface hydrophobicity of polyamide composite (PAHT CF15) produced through FDM process. PAHT CF15 is a high temperature resistant polyamide filament with 15% carbon fiber. These effects of texturing direction on surface finish and wettability of FDM printed PAHT CF15 samples were evaluated by texturing in two mutually perpendicular directions namely longitudinal and transverse. Experiments were also performed to determine the effect of laser power and scanning speed by varying the power at four levels, that is 20, 30, 40, and 50 W and scanning speed at two levels, that is 2000 and 4000 mm/s. Moisture absorption test of the textured surfaces were performed in an incubator at controlled temperature and relative humidity condition. A defocused laser beam was utilized to melt the upper surface of the 3D printed material in order to bring the changes at the surface level without causing surface ablation. It was observed that high speed laser processing can bring about the significant changes in surface finish, wettability and moisture absorption of the FDM printed parts.Highlights
PAHT CF15 composites possess excellent mechanical properties.
FDM printed PAHT CF15 parts have poor surface finish and low contact angles.
Fiber lasers were employed to improve surface roughness.
Wettability of textured surfaces was decreased by a maximum of 46%.
Ethical Behavior Intervention Through Group Activities in Secondary Education
Authors: Alonso Miguel A. , Gallo Inge Schweiger 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAcademic misconduct is common in both secondary and higher education and schools still lag behind in preventing unethical behavior. The present research addressed the effectiveness of formative activities aimed at improving ethical behavior of students in secondary education. The probability of engaging in cheating, harming others, hiding information, and theft was assessed before participants were provided with information about ethical and unethical behavior and engaged in group activities in the classroom. The comparison of pre‐ and postintervention scores showed that those students with a higher probability of engaging in unethical behavior were less inclined to cheat and hide information, whereas the students who behaved ethically reported a greater probability of engaging in all four unethical behaviors. The implications of interventions based on information and group discussions, as well as the challenges of future interventions on ethical behavior, are discussed.
Leader‐Following Consensus of Multiple Uncertain Rigid Body Systems by a Sampled‐Data Adaptive Distributed Observer
Authors: He Changran , Huang Jie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we study the leader‐following attitude consensus problem for multiple uncertain rigid body systems by a sampled‐data adaptive distributed observer. Unlike the existing sampled‐data distributed observer, which can only asymptotically estimate the state of the leader, the sampled‐data adaptive distributed observer can estimate both the state and the system matrix of the leader exponentially. We synthesize a distributed control law utilizing sampled‐data communications to solve the leader‐following attitude consensus problem for multiple uncertain rigid body systems based on the sampled‐data adaptive distributed observer. Moreover, we present a sufficient condition for guaranteeing the convergence of the estimated unknown parameters to their true values. Compared with a distributed control law that uses continuous‐time communications, the distributed control law utilizing sampled‐data communications consumes fewer communication resources and is more robust to communication failures. The effectiveness of our approach is verified by a numerical example.
Time/Event‐Triggered Exponential Stabilization for Stochastic Systems: Enhancing Nonlinearity Tolerance
Authors: Li Fengzhong , Liu Yungang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis article seeks the enhancement of nonlinearity tolerance in time/event‐triggered stabilization for stochastic systems. In the related results, the controller functions are required to obey global Lipschitz condition for the suppression of sampling/execution error, and the drift and/or diffusion coefficients of the stochastic systems are restricted to polynomial or, even, linear growth. These limitations deserve overcoming for enlarged applications. To this end, a distinct framework of time/event‐triggered controls is established for stochastic systems, targeted at exponential stabilization. Specifically, inclusive Lyapunov‐type feasibility conditions are proposed by capturing the effect of sampling/execution error and distinguishing the role of system nonlinearities. Particularly, different from the related results, the evolution of sampling/execution error is subtly exploited via Lyapunov functions to reveal the dynamic interaction between the sampling/execution errors and system state. Then, time‐triggered exponential stabilization via sampled‐data controller is achieved not only in the moment sense but also in the almost sure sense. Accordingly, Lyapunov function based analysis is performed for the composite dynamics of system state and sampling error, confronted with the coupling of discontinuous and stochastic features. To further reduce execution, periodic event‐triggered control is exploited to achieve exponential stabilization for stochastic nonlinear systems, by virtue of the relation with the dynamic evolution under sampled‐data control. Through typical examples, we demonstrate the potential of our framework in handling the cases with the controller functions violating global Lipschitz condition and with the system nonlinearities beyond polynomial growth.
Towards a Sustainable Growth of the Shipping Sector—A Systematic Review of Future Shipping Emissions Scenarios
Authors: Nunes Rafael A. O. , Alvim‐Ferraz Maria C. M. , Martins Fernando G. , Sousa Sofia I. V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe demand for transport could be tripling by 2050, and it is expected that the increase in shipping demand will be even larger. Considering this, it is important to forecast the evolution of ship emissions in the coming decades and estimate their impacts on air quality, health and climate as reliably as possible. Thus, this study aimed to perform a systematic review considering studies where future shipping emissions scenarios have been established and studies that used future shipping emissions scenarios to assess future impacts on air quality and/or health and on climate. The 26 studies reviewed were performed mainly for the Arctic, Baltic and North Seas regions and Asia. Most authors reported a general decrease in SOx, NOx and PM2.5 concentrations (and consequent health impacts where applicable) and in the deposition of sulphur and nitrogen species due to the NOx and SOx emission regulations. In contrast, the authors reported that the current regulatory energy efficiency policies might not compensate for the increase in traffic and the resulting CO2 emissions. The health effects of future ship‐related emissions were rarely reported. Moreover, based on considerations of studies across the globe, future studies should adopt a holistic approach that integrates, besides what was already explored, detailed traffic growth assumptions, alternative fuels and technologies (LNG, scrubbers and shore electricity), economic factors and more reliable methods to forecast the future activity of the ships.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Phosphoryl Amides and Esters from Diphenylphosphoryl Azides Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Gat Savita , Chatterjee Rana , Solanke Jayshree , Dhayalan Vasudevan , Dandela Rambabu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA simple, efficient, and one‐step synthetic procedure to construct phosphoryl amides and esters has been developed applying mechanochemistry. A ball‐milling technique easily facilitated the amination and esterification of diphenylphosphoryl azides (DPPA) in the presence of molecular iodine and sodium carbonate via cleavage of P—N bond. The metal‐free mechanochemical protocol enables the transformations to provide a variety of alkyl phosphoryl amides and esters under solvent‐free conditions and at room temperature. Moreover, readily available and inexpensive starting materials, excellent functional group compatibility, rapid synthesis, high yields of the products, and mild conditions are the notable features of the present method.
Modulating Biomimetic Peroxidase Activity of CuMOFs Through Ligand Engineering: Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of H2O2 and Glutathione
Authors: Duhan Udisha , Goswami Tarak Nath , Dubey Ritesh , Kumar Sushil , Goswami Tapas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNatural peroxidase enzymes are widely utilized for various diagnostic applications, yet their inherent instability and susceptibility to external factors pose challenges. This study introduces a ligand engineering approach to fine‐tune the peroxidase enzyme‐like activity of copper‐based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). We have rationally modulated the enzyme‐mimicking activity of a series of Cu‐BDC‐X based MOFs via employment of various ligands (BDC = 1,4‐benzene dicarboxylic acid; CuMOF‐1, X═H2O; CuMOF‐2, X═4,4′‐bipyridine and CuMOF‐3, X═N‐methylimidazole). As compared to its analogues, CuMOF‐3 exhibited an enhanced catalytic activity, most likely due to N‐methylimidazole‐induced structural distortion that fine‐tunes the metal's electronic environment and improves substrate interactions. Additionally, this modification allowed CuMOF‐3 to be miniaturized to the nanoscale, enhancing its catalytic performance. Mechanistic investigations revealed the generation of •OH as reactive oxygen species (ROS) to accelerate tetramethylbenzidine oxidation, promoting peroxidase‐like activity. The observed catalytic behavior of CuMOF‐3 followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics, exhibiting lower Km value compared to those of natural peroxidase enzymes. Under optimized conditions, CuMOF‐3 facilitated the development of a colorimetric assay for sensitive detection of H2O2 and glutathione (GSH) in various spiked food samples. This study uniquely demonstrates the impact of tailored ligand combinations and MOF geometry on optimizing peroxidase‐mimicking activity, providing a new direction for the design of high‐performance colorimetric diagnostic tools in the food processing industry.
Harnessing Natural Pollen as Sustained‐Release, Mucoadhesive, and Biosafe Drug Microcapsules for Intravesical Instillation in Bladder Cancer Treatment
Authors: Hu Weimin , Zhou Zhixuan , Zou Fan , Huang Yaoqiu , Li Ming , Zhang Yunlong , Sun Kefang , Deng Hongbing , Cheng Fan , Zhao Ze , Yu Weimin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntravesical instillation is essential for bladder cancer treatment, but current therapy suffers from brief drug retention and insufficient contact bladder contact. Nano‐ and micro‐sized capsules‐based drug delivery systems are expected to solve these problems, which, however, face challenges such as weak mucoadhesion, low biosafety, and processing complexity, limiting their scalable application. In this study, the power of plant pollen‐derived microcapsules, sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) is harnessed that are produced by sequentially defatting and acidolysis sunflower pollen, to passive load with pirarubicin and achieve biosafe and high‐efficiency intravesical chemotherapy. SECs exhibit no significant toxic effects in vitro or in vivo. Taking advantage of its intrinsic microscale core–shell structure and spiny surface topography, convenient encapsulation is achieved with an efficiency of 45.3±1.43% and sustained release of the simulate drug, and strong adhesion to the bladder mucosa even after multiple urination, which reduces the instillation‐maintenance time to just 20 min. Drugs encapsulated in SECs maintained higher concentrations in the bladder for up to 5 h compared to those without SECs. In a murine orthotopic bladder cancer model, SECs enhance the intravesical chemotherapy effect of pirorubicin (increased by 38%). The study introduces an innovative, naturally occurring drug carrier for advancing future intravesical instillation therapies.
Effects of Flurochloridone on the Developmental Toxicity in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo
Authors: Yang Mingjun , Hu Jingying , Tian Fang , Xia Minjie , Zhou Zhijun , Li Weihua 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFlurochloridone (FLC) is a selective herbicide that can cause reproductive toxicity in male rats. However, limited information is available regarding the toxicity of FLC in the developmental stages of aquatic organisms. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FLC exposure during embryonic development and elucidate its potential mechanism of action. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL FLC for 4–144 hpf. The developmental status of embryos was recorded; the indicators of oxidative stress and embryonic apoptosis were determined. We found that FLC exposure caused severe embryonic malformations, such as pericardial edema, spinal curvature, and growth retardation, accompanied by a decreased hatching and survival rate. After exposure until 144 h postfertilization, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of FLC in zebrafish embryos was 36.9 μg/mL. Subsequently, FLC induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase, and activated the Keap1–Nrf2 signaling pathway. Further studies confirmed that FLC can induce apoptosis in zebrafish embryos through the activation of caspase. These results suggest that FLC induced developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos, which provides new evidence regarding FLC toxicity in aquatic organisms and to assess human health risks.
The Impact of Dietary Encapsulated Fennel Seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) Essential Oil Inclusion Levels on Performance, Serum Hormone Profiles, and Expression of Reproductive Axis‐Related Genes in the Early and Late Laying Phases of Hens
Authors: İpçak Hasan Hüseyin , Denli Muzaffer , Yokuş Beran , Bademkıran Servet 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) essential oil (FEO), which is rich in the phytoestrogenic compound trans‐anethole, interacts with oestrogen receptors and influences molecular targets within cells and hormonal responses. This study examined the effect of dietary encapsulated FEO inclusion levels on performance, reproductive hormone profiles, and gene expression in laying hens during the early and late phases. The study was conducted in two independent trials, each involving 210 Atak‐S laying hens that were randomly distributed into 3 experimental groups, each having 10 replicates with 7 hens. The dietary treatments included a basal diet without FEO (Control) and a basal diet supplemented with 175 (FEO175) or 350 mg (FEO350) of encapsulated FEO/kg for 12 weeks. The results showed that FEO350 treatment improved egg production, egg mass, and feed conversion ratio during both early and late phases (p < 0.05). Moreover, increasing FEO inclusion levels enhanced oestradiol, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and progesterone concentrations in both early and late laying hens, reaching peak levels at FEO350 (p < 0.05). FEO supplementation upregulated the expression of oestrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) and follicle‐stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, FEO350 increased prolactin receptor (PRLR) expression during the early phase but decreased it during the late laying phase (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between egg production and FSHR, ESR2 and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) expression, with a negative correlation for PRLR (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 350 mg FEO/kg was found to be the most effective level for enhancing layer performance.