bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugated Autoxidizable Triene‐Based (CAT and ApoCAT) Assays: Their Practical Application for Screening of Crude Plant Extracts with Antioxidant Functions in Relevant to Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Phonsatta Natthaporn , Luangpituksa Pairoj , Figueroa‐Espinoza Maria Cruz , Lecomte Jérôme , Durand Erwann , Villeneuve Pierre , Visessanguan Wonnop , Deetae Pawinee , Uawisetwathana Umaporn , Pongprayoon Wasinee , Panya Atikorn 
Published: October 2018

Many previous reports suggested that conventional antioxidant assays could not forecast antioxidant performance of plant extracts, especially when it came to a real food system such as oil‐in‐water emulsion. In this study, antioxidant activities of aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts are investigated using multiple conventional assays (TPC, ABTS, FRAP, ORAC) and the oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion‐based high throughput assays (the CAT and ApoCAT) in a comparison with an autoxidative O/W emulsion model monitored by formation of lipid hydroperoxide and TBARS values. Results suggest that only the ApoCAT assay is able to forecast the antioxidative performances of the extracts in O/W emulsions, regardless of the differences in extraction solvents, while the CAT assay can explain only the performance of ethanolic plant extracts in O/W emulsions. According to untargeted metabolite analysis, the antioxidants activities of plant extracts might be strongly influenced by extraction solvents. As a result, not only is the quantity of particular metabolites impacted, but also the whole metabolite (antioxidant) profiles of the extracts are modified. In addition, this study demonstrates that both the chemical reaction scheme and physical‐state of a model are important parameters for designing a better antioxidant assay in the future.Practical Applications: The ApoCAT assay would be a more practical method for screening antioxidant compounds and/or crude plant extracts than conventional antioxidant assays and the original CAT assay. The antioxidant capacity of plant extracts obtaining from the ApoCAT can be used to represent their antioxidant performances in food emulsions regardless of their extraction solvents.Several crude plant extracts using different solvents are used to validate the performance of the CAT and the ApoCAT assays in comparisons with multiple conventional antioxidant assays. These assays differ from each other in terms of scheme of reaction and physical state of the test. In addition, oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion model is used as a reference method representing the antioxidant activities in food matrices. Principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to better understand the relationship among all assays. The results suggest that only the ApoCAT assay exhibits a close relationship with O/W emulsion model in both crude ethanolic and aqueous plant extracts. Furthermore, putative metabolite profiles of crude plant extracts are identified using LC‐orbitrap MS/MS.
Phytochemical Content, Minor‐Constituent Compositions, and Antioxidant Capacity of Screw‐Pressed Walnut Oil Obtained from Roasted Kernels
Authors: Gao Pan , Cao Yi , Liu Ruijie , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: October 2018

The screw‐pressed walnut oil produced from unroasted kernels and roasted kernels subjected to roasting at 140, 160, and 180 °C for 5, 10, and 15 min is analyzed and compared. The effects of roasting on the chemical compositions (acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid composition, tocopherols, phytosterols, squalene, and polyphenols), oxidative stability index (OSI), and free radical scavenging capacity (via DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC assays) of walnut oil is investigated. It is observed that roasting yields slight changes in the acid values and fatty acid contents of walnut oils. Upon roasting walnut kernels at 180 °C for 10 and 15 min, the peroxide values (5.10 and 5.87 mmol kg−1) of oil are significantly increased. Roasting is observed to cause an increase in the amount of tocopherols (470.16–508.68 mg kg−1), phytosterols (1740.91–2048.05 mg kg−1), and polyphenols (30.08–44.82 mg GAE/kg) in the oil whereas the level of squalene (3.17–5.90 mg kg−1) decreases. In addition, the oxidative stability and antioxidant capacity of walnut oil increases with roasting, which could increase the amount of natural antioxidants in walnut oil, and produce Maillard reaction products with antioxidant effects.Practical Applications: Cold‐pressed oil is a good source of bioactive components and is favored by consumers. Screw‐pressed walnut oil obtained from roasted kernels has higher amounts of micronutrients, such as tocopherols, polyphenols, and phytosterols. These compounds exhibit strong antioxidant properties and thus are considered as health‐promoting substances. In effect, roasting is a suitable cold‐press pre‐processing method to produce walnut oil for application in healthcare.An analytic comparison is made of cold‐pressed walnut oil produced from unroasted kernels and roasted kernels that had previously undergone roasting. The qualitative and quantitative effects of roasting temperature and duration on the content of natural antioxidants in walnut oil are determined. Roasting walnut oil has significantly higher oxidative stability and free radical scavenging capacity than unroasted walnut oil.
β‐sitosterol Lipid Nano Carrier Based on Propolis Wax and Pomegranate Seed Oil: Effect of Thermal Processing, pH, and Ionic Strength on Stability and Structure
Authors: Soleimanian Yasamin , Goli Sayed Amir Hossein , Varshosaz Jaleh , Maestrelli Francesca 
Published: October 2018

The β‐sitosterol‐loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) is formulated using propolis wax (PW) alone or in the mixture (1:1 w/w) with glyceryl behenate (GB), and pomegranate seed oil stabilized with Tween 80 and lecithin. The influence of thermal treatment (60‐90 °C, pH 7, 20 min), pH (2, 4, 6, and 8) and ionic strength (0–200 mM NaCl, pH 7) on physical stability, structure, and β‐sitosterol degradation is evaluated. The NLCs are physically and chemically stable during heating at low temperatures (≤70 °C) while thermal treatment at 80–90 °C leads to an increase in size and a slight decrease in β‐sitosterol content. The particle size of PW and PW + GB NLCs increases from 96 and 105 nm at pH 7 to 108 and 114 nm at pH 2, respectively, which may limit NLC long‐term stability in highly acidic products. On the other hand, there is no significant difference in particle size and PDI with respect to electrolyte concentration. The NLC does not undergo polymorphic transitions by changes in pH and ionic strength. However, crystallinity decreases with increasing electrolyte concentration which is further confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry results. The β‐sitosterol NLC relatively showed a suitable potential for industrial applications.Practical Applications: β‐sitosterol has many valuable physiological functions in humans which has made it an attractive nutraceutical ingredient for food fortifications. Nevertheless, incorporation of β‐sitosterol in food and beverages is rather challenging since it is almost insoluble in water and only slightly soluble in oils. NLC based on PW and PSO offer a promising means for delivery of β‐sitosterol to aqueous‐based foods and developing functional health promoting products by virtue of supplementary health benefits in addition to those of β‐sitosterol. However, functionality and dispersibility of formulations could be affected by environmental stresses typically experienced by foods during production and storage. Thus, behavior of emulsions at different conditions should be examined. NLC with relatively good physical and chemical stability to thermal processing, pH, and salt can be created using Tween 80 and lecithin as interfacial coating and PW as lipid matrix which ensures the successful delivery of β sitosterol to various food formats.Nanostructured lipid carriers made with propolis wax (PW) alone or in the mixture with glyceryl behenate (GB) and pomegranate seed oil and loaded with β‐sitosterol. Influence of environmental stresses typically encountered by food products on stability.
Voltammetric Determination of Amino Acids Based on the Measurement of Reduction Prepeak of Quinone Caused by Surplus Acid after Neutralization
Authors: Kotani Akira , Kitamura Kanae , Kusu Fumiyo , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Hakamata Hideki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the voltammetric reduction of quinone, such as 3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone (DBBQ), in the presence of HCl, a reduction prepeak of DBBQ caused by HCl can be observed on a voltammogram. Here, we have shown that the prepeak height of DBBQ is linearly decreased with increasing concentrations of amino acid in an electrolyte solution when this voltammetry is performed after neutralization between amino acids and excess HCl. This finding is based on a concept of acid‐base back titration of amino acids with excess HCl where surplus HCl gives a reduction prepeak of DBBQ. In this study, the reduction behaviors of DBBQ in the presence of amino acids and HCl have been provided to develop a novel electroanalytical method for the determining of amino acids. Electrochemical detection of 20 kinds of α‐amino acids, including less electroactive ones, has been achieved using a bare plastic formed carbon working electrode. Moreover, a flow injection analysis with electrochemical detection system using a glassy carbon working electrode is developed based on the present detection principle, and it has been applied to the determination of glutamine in an L‐glutamine granulated powder.
Redefining the State in Health Care Policy in Italy and the United States
Authors: Frisina Doetter Lorraine , Neri Stefano 
Published: October 2018

In highly decentralized political systems such as in Italy and the United States of America (US), the global financial crises beginning in 2008 gave way to a more assertive role of the central government in policy areas including health. In the Italian National Health Service, the central government intensified cost containment, partially recentralizing policy‐making and limiting the autonomy of Regions with high deficits. In the predominantly private health system of theUS, crisis ushered in dramatic federal health reform in 2010. This study asks, what role did financial crisis and an analogous intergovernmental context surrounding health care play in explaining the (re)centralization observed between two highly divergent health system types? We examine evidence particularly with a view to the concept ofregulatory hybridization(Rothgang et al., 2010) and the larger explanatory model of health care system change put forth by Schmid, Cacace, Götze and Rothgang (2010) and Frisina Doetter, Götze, Schmid, Cacace and Rothgang (2015). In doing so, we explore the relationship between functionalist vs. contextual variables embedded within the model. Our findings highlight the necessity to revise the concept of regulatory hybridization to allow for greater analytical focus on territorial shifts in power to understand developments in decentralized health care systems.
Simulation of three‐dimensional incompressible flows in generalized curvilinear coordinates using a high‐order compact finite‐difference lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Ezzatneshan Eslam , Hejranfar Kazem 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn the present study, a high‐order compact finite‐difference lattice Boltzmann method is applied for accurately computing 3‐D incompressible flows in the generalized curvilinear coordinates to handle practical and realistic geometries with curved boundaries and nonuniform grids. The incompressible form of the 3‐D nineteen discrete velocity lattice Boltzmann method is transformed into the generalized curvilinear coordinates. Herein, a fourth‐order compact finite‐difference scheme and a fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta scheme are used for the discretization of the spatial derivatives and the temporal term, respectively, in the resulting 3‐D nineteen discrete velocity lattice Boltzmann equation to provide an accurate 3‐D incompressible flow solver. A high‐order spectral‐type low‐pass compact filtering technique is applied to have a stable solution. All boundary conditions are implemented based on the solution of the governing equations in the 3‐D generalized curvilinear coordinates. Numerical solutions of different 3‐D benchmark and practical incompressible flow problems are performed to demonstrate the accuracy and performance of the solution methodology presented. Herein, the 2‐D cylindrical Couette flow, the decay of a 3‐D double shear wave, the cubic lid‐driven cavity flow with nonuniform grids, the flow through a square duct with 90° bend and the flow past a sphere at different flow conditions are considered for validating the present computations. Numerical results obtained show the accuracy and robustness of the present solution methodology based on the implementation of the high‐order compact finite‐difference lattice Boltzman method in the generalized curvilinear coordinates for solving 3‐D incompressible flows over practical and realistic geometries.
The percentage of cells with 17p deletion and the size of 17p deletion subclones show prognostic significance in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Yuan Ying‐Ying , Zhu Hua‐Yuan , Wu Jia‐Zhu , Xia Yi , Liang Jin‐Hua , Wu Wei , Cao Lei , Wang Li , Fan Lei , Li Jian‐Yong , Xu Wei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
TP53 disruption is considered to be the most important prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), but not all patients with TP53 disruption have similar dismal outcomes. We evaluated the prognostic value of TP53 disruption in CLL patients without treatment indications. Data of 305 CLL patients were analyzed. 41 of them (13%) had TP53 disruption. Patients with lower percentage of cells with del(17p) had significantly better survival. Patients with mutated IGHV, β2‐microglobulin ≤3.5 mg/L, wild‐type TP53, age ≤65 years or without complex karyotype (CK) had relatively favorable outcomes in the del(17p) group. Furthermore, patients with del(17p) as a minor clone showed survival advantage compared with those with del(17p) as a major clone. These data suggest that the percentage of cells with del(17p), the size of the del(17p) subclone, CLL International Prognostic Index, and CK should be considered to build refined prognostication models for patients with TP53 disruption.
WWOX, the FRA16D gene: A target of and a contributor to genomic instability
Authors: Hussain Tabish , Liu Bin , Shrock Morgan S. , Williams Terence , Aldaz C. Marcelo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWWOX is one of the largest human genes spanning over 1.11 Mbp in length at chr16q23.1‐q23.2 and containing FRA16D, the second most common chromosomal fragile site. FRA16D is a hot spot of genomic instability, prone to breakage and for causing germline and somatic copy number variations (CNVs). Consequentially WWOX is frequent target for deletions in cancer. Esophageal, stomach, colon, bladder, ovarian, and uterine cancers are those most commonly affected by WWOX deep focal deletions. WWOX deletions significantly correlate with various clinicopathological features in esophageal carcinoma. WWOX is also a common target for translocations in multiple myeloma. By mapping R‐loop (RNA:DNA hybrid) forming sequences (RFLS) we observe this to be a consistent feature aligning with germline and somatic CNV break points at the edges and core of FRA16D spanning from introns 5 to 8 of WWOX. Germline CNV polymorphisms affecting WWOX are extremely common in humans across different ethnic groups. Importantly, structural variants datasets allowed us to identify a specific hot spot for germline duplications and deletions within intron 5 of WWOX coinciding with the 5′ edge of the FRA16D core and various RFLS. Recently, multiple pathogenic CNVs spanning WWOX have been identified associated with neurological conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, infantile epileptic encephalopathies, and other developmental anomalies. Loss of WWOX function has recently been associated with DNA damage repair abnormalities, increased genomic instability, and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. The described observations place WWOX both as a target of and a contributor to genomic instability. Both of these aspects will be discussed in this review.
Impact of time spent walking on incident dementia in elderly Japanese
Authors: Tomata Yasutake , Zhang Shu , Sugawara Yumi , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThis study examined the hypothesis that time spent walking daily has a marked impact on incident dementia.Methods/designFirst, we analyzed data from a Japanese cohort (n = 13 990 aged ≥65 y) to obtain hazard ratios. Time spent walking per day (<0.5, 0.5‐1, or ≥1 h) was assessed using a self‐reported questionnaire. Data on 5.7‐year incident dementia were retrieved from the public long‐term care insurance database. After estimating the multivariate‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of incident dementia using the Cox model, the population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated using the prevalence in a representative Japanese survey, the “National Health and Nutrition Survey”.ResultsThe time spent walking per day showed an inverse association with incident dementia: the multiple‐adjusted HRs (95% confidence intervals) were 1.00 (reference) for less than 0.5 hour, 0.81 [0.71, 0.92] for 0.5 to 1 hour, and 0.72 [0.62, 0.84] for more than or equal to 1 hour. Our estimates indicate that 18.1% of dementia cases would be attributable to walking if all subjects walked more than or equal to 1 h/d and 14.0% if subjects increased their daily time spent walking to one level above the present one (<0.5 to 0.5‐1 or 0.5‐1 to ≥1 h).ConclusionsOur results suggest that the daily time spent walking has a considerable preventive impact on incident dementia in Japan.
Assessing the Impact of Academic Advising: Current Issues and Future Trends
Authors: Zarges Kathy Megyesi , Adams Tomarra A. , Higgins Elizabeth M. , Muhovich Ned 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAssessment of learning has been embedded in higher education for decades. As educators have recognized that academic advising is an important component of learning, the assessment of academic advising has become a necessity and is critical to its success in the future.
A national study on collaboration in care planning for patients with complex needs
Authors: Larsson Lena G. , Bäck‐Pettersson Siv , Kylén Sven , Marklund Bertil , Gellerstedt Martin , Carlström Eric 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to investigate inter‐organisational collaboration on care planning for patients with complex care needs. Internationally, and in Sweden where the data for this study was collected, difficulties in care planning and transition of patients between the main health care providers, hospitals, municipal care, and primary care are well known.MethodA survey of a total population of care managers in hospitals, municipalities, and primary care in Sweden was conducted. The study assessed accessibility, willingness, trustworthiness, and collaboration between health care providers. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate regressions.ResultsThe results indicate that Swedish health care providers show strong self‐awareness, but they describe each other's ability to collaborate as weak. Primary care stands out, displaying the highest discrepancy between self‐awareness and displayed accessibility, willingness, trustworthiness, and collaboration.ConclusionInability to collaborate in patient care planning may be due to shortcomings in terms of trust between caregivers in the health care organisation at a national level. Organisations that experience difficulties in collaboration tend to defend themselves with arguments about their own excellence and insufficiency of others.
Socio‐economic indicators, dietary patterns, and physical activity as determinants of maternal obesity in middle‐income countries: Evidences from a cohort study in Mexico
Authors: Arredondo Armando , Torres Christian , Orozco Emanuel , Pacheco Selene , Huang Fengyang , Zambrano Elena , Bolaños‐Jiménez Francisco 
Published: October 2018

SummaryMaternal obesity is one of the main public health problems at a world level. It is a multifactorial disease with multiple causes, and few studies exist on its dietary patterns, physical activity and social determinants. This work aims to identify determinants of maternal obesity in a middle income country. Research is based on a prospective cohort design. Data were collected using questionnaires applied to pregnant women. Three dietary patterns were identified, and only half of the women carry out physical activity. The regression analysis showed an association between overweight/obesity and the following variables: age 25 to 29 years old (3.8; CI 1.6‐9.0), 30 to 34 years old (3.7; CI 1.2‐11.6); health problems during pregnancy (2.1; CI 1.0‐4.1); socio‐economic income (1.73; CI 1.54‐2.05); hypertension (2.7; CI 1.4‐4.5); mild food insecurity (1.9; CI 1.0‐3.8); moderate insecurity (3.7; CI 0.92‐15.4); refined food dietary pattern (.76; CI.61‐.95). The risk of increasing BMI during pregnancy mainly depends on socioeconomic and demographic variables such as age, educational level, income, food insecurity, and dietary pattern. This study's results could be used as evidences for the revision, planning, and adjustment of interventions for the prevention and management of maternal obesity, as a part of the national strategies against overweight and obesity.
High‐frequency trading from an evolutionary perspective: Financial markets as adaptive systems
Authors: Manahov Viktor , Hudson Robert , Urquhart Andrew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe recent rapid growth of algorithmic high‐frequency trading strategies makes it a very interesting time to revisit the long‐standing debates about the efficiency of stock prices and the best way to model the actions of market participants. To evaluate the evolution of stock price predictability at the millisecond timeframe and to examine whether it is consistent with the newly formed adaptive market hypothesis, we develop three artificial stock markets using a strongly typed genetic programming (STGP) trading algorithm. We simulate real‐life trading by applying STGP to millisecond data of the three highest capitalized stocks: Apple, Exxon Mobil, and Google and observe that profit opportunities at the millisecond time frame are better modelled through an evolutionary process involving natural selection, adaptation, learning, and dynamic evolution than by using conventional analytical techniques. We use combinations of forecasting techniques as benchmarks to demonstrate that different heuristics enable artificial traders to be ecologically rational, making adaptive decisions that combine forecasting accuracy with speed.