bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can machine learning reveal sedimentological patterns in river deposits?
Authors: Demyanov Vasily , Reesink Arnold Jan H. , Arnold Daniel Peter 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
River deposits are rich in sedimentological patterns that determine their petrophysical properties and industrial value (e.g. hydrocarbon reservoirs and aquifers), as well as providing each deposit with individual characteristics. Great variability in characteristics exists in modern river systems; their behaviour is expected to further diverge under environmental and climate change scenarios, and much greater variation exists when we consider all of geological time.
In view of this diversity in sedimentological patterns, a series of fundamental questions arise. Have we recognized all significant patterns? And, are all patterns that we recognize significant? These questions underpin both our ability to characterize river deposits and to interpret the singular dynamics that gave rise to individual deposits. Machine learning provides a means of re-analysing data to understand bias and uncertainty within our data domains, and can therefore be used to improve our understanding of ancient and modern rivers from existing datasets.
Herein, we apply machine learning techniques to classify sediment core data taken from one of the world's largest rivers: the Río Paraná, Argentina. We apply self-organizing maps for unsupervised clustering of sedimentary structures in the cores. The methods are suited to the analysis of different types of data, including core, borehole geophysics, and outcrops of varying size and quality. Early results illustrate that machine learning classification can: (1) recognize depositional units based on sedimentary structures and their location; and (2) simplify complex patterns of primary sedimentary structures, and present them as sedimentary facies with varying abundance, similarity and degrees of certainty.
The success of these initial experiments opens up new opportunities for, for example: (i) automated distinction of depositional environments; (ii) the quantification of vertical and lateral trends in sedimentary deposits; and (iii) an improved interpretation of the generic and singular dynamics that give rise to river deposits. Thus, the results illustrate that machine-learning methods can identify significant patterns from sedimentary cores, including patterns that reveal areas which require further systematic research.
Being able to classify sedimentological information in such a semi-automatic way opens new avenues for the analysis of much larger data domains, the interpretation of which would otherwise require vast manual expert effort. Automated detection of sedimentological features from data also enables the quantification of levels of uncertainty within the data domain. As such, machine learning provides a rigorous pathway to integrate uncertainty information into data-driven predictive models, and allows identification of ‘poorly understood’ aspects of river systems.
Endothelial Cells Regulate Physiological Cardiomyocyte Growth via VEGFR2-Mediated Paracrine Signaling
Authors: Kivelä Riikka , Hemanthakumar Karthik Amudhala , Vaparanta Katri , Robciuc Marius , Izumiya Yasuhiro , Kidoya Hiroyasu , Takakura Nobuyuki , Peng Xuyang , Sawyer Douglas B. , Elenius Klaus , Walsh Kenneth , Alitalo Kari 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Heart failure, which is a major global health problem, is often preceded by pathological cardiac hypertrophy. The expansion of the cardiac vasculature, to maintain adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, is a key determinant of whether the heart grows in a physiological compensated manner or a pathological decompensated manner. Bidirectional endothelial cell (EC)–cardiomyocyte (CMC) cross talk via cardiokine and angiocrine signaling plays an essential role in the regulation of cardiac growth and homeostasis. Currently, the mechanisms involved in the EC-CMC interaction are not fully understood, and very little is known about the EC-derived signals involved. Understanding how an excess of angiogenesis induces cardiac hypertrophy and how ECs regulate CMC homeostasis could provide novel therapeutic targets for heart failure.

Methods:
Genetic mouse models were used to delete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors, adeno-associated viral vectors to transduce the myocardium, and pharmacological inhibitors to block VEGF and ErbB signaling in vivo. Cell culture experiments were used for mechanistic studies, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, microarrays, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the cardiac phenotypes.

Results:
Both EC deletion of VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and adeno-associated viral vector–mediated delivery of the VEGFR1-specific ligands VEGF-B or placental growth factor into the myocardium increased the coronary vasculature and induced CMC hypertrophy in adult mice. The resulting cardiac hypertrophy was physiological, as indicated by preserved cardiac function and exercise capacity and lack of pathological gene activation. These changes were mediated by increased VEGF signaling via endothelial VEGFR2, because the effects of VEGF-B and placental growth factor on both angiogenesis and CMC growth were fully inhibited by treatment with antibodies blocking VEGFR2 or by endothelial deletion of VEGFR2. To identify activated pathways downstream of VEGFR2, whole-genome transcriptomics and secretome analyses were performed, and the Notch and ErbB pathways were shown to be involved in transducing signals for EC-CMC cross talk in response to angiogenesis. Pharmacological or genetic blocking of ErbB signaling also inhibited part of the VEGF-B–induced effects in the heart.

Conclusions:
This study reveals that cross talk between the EC VEGFR2 and CMC ErbB signaling pathways coordinates CMC hypertrophy with angiogenesis, contributing to physiological cardiac growth.
A Migrant-Centric Reading of Exodus 2: Tactics of Survival for Immigrant Women and Their Unaccompanied Children
Authors: Cuéllar Gregory Lee 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFrom a different vantage point, stories of migration, deportation, exile and diaspora in the Hebrew Bible have more than a didactic function; rather, they speak to and out of a set core of human experiences that in turn render them relevant across the historical spectrum of human migrations. Thus, rather than survey what the Hebrew Bible says about migration, how might its migrant-likeness compare to contemporary migrant-refugee tactics of survival? This article focuses on the story of baby Moses’s internal migration to the Pharaoh’s palace in Exodus 2 with a view toward the recent mass migration of unaccompanied Central America children to the United States. Through this parallel reading, the aim is to forge a migrant-centric reading of this narrative that casts it not as a birth story but as a relevant migrant-survival story that many unaccompanied Central American children are currently living. In the end, this article argues that by framing Exodus 2 solely as a birth story, readers inevitably foreclose on the possibility of elaborating an interpretation of this narrative that addresses the conflict, loss and trauma of many migrant-refugees in our world today.
Moving Beyond the Exclusionary Politics of Migration: A Response from the Social Sciences
Authors: Wylie Gillian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper offers a response from the social sciences to the papers in this special edition. Drawing on the disciplines of Peace Studies and International Relations, three key themes emerge from these papers on migration stories in the Bible which resonate with the politics and responses now playing out in the current European ‘migration crisis’. These themes are (1) the exclusionary politics driving much migration policy; (2) the importance of acknowledging the agency of migrants; and (3) hints of what alternative responses to migration might look like. This paper draws out the presence of these themes across the collection and relates them to the current situation. Ultimately, while the papers reveal an interminable tendency to ‘other’ the migrant, they also sew the seeds of ideas about alternative approaches to migration which listen to migrant voices and build diverse communities.
Appropriate and Appropriated Sites for Elephants: A Case Study of the Making of Museum Objects
Authors: Swinney Geoffrey N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Through a case study of the museum career of a mounted specimen of African elephant, the nature of “museum objects” and sites in which they engage in the construction of meaning are examined. The paper tracks a series of representations through a museum and explores how this representative of the species was appropriated, rematerialized, represented and re-presented in a variety of media to convey new meanings. It analyzes the processes of translation and remediation involved in constructing and mobilizing different kinds of knowledge. The contingent nature of meanings created around the representation of the elephant in different sites and in different media is discussed in the context of recent discourse on materiality and material culture.
Family in the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Wanucha Elizabeth 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThough in many ways the demographics and other characteristics of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf follow the proscribed pathways to modernity, the Arab societies in the region have not completely abandoned their traditional characteristics in the wake of modernization and globalization forces. These societies have found a way to consolidate the external and internal pressures and exist somewhere on a four-way spectrum between “modern traditionalism” and “traditional modernism” on one axis, and between “global traditionalism” and “traditionalized globalization” on the other. The Arab societies of the Persian Gulf fit neither into the “cultural maintenance” nor “modernization” category, but exist and thrive in some space in between, making it an interesting area of study in need of more research.
Family Law in the GCC and the Best Interests of the Child
Authors: Möller Lena-Maria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article considers the inclusion of the best interests of the child standard in the family law regimes of Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates, as well as its implications for our understanding of families in the Persian Gulf region. Specifically, the degree and ends to which the concept of the best interests of the child have been used in formulating the rules governing domestic child law generally, and parental care in particular, will be investigated. As the best interests of the child standard remains a vague and largely undefined legal concept in all three family codes, the analysis will not limit its focus on statutory approaches to reforming child law. More importantly, this article also considers legal practice in child law and the courts’ interpretation of the best interests of the child standard. In doing so, the article: (i.) discusses how the introduction of the best interests of the child standard has served to reform family law on its codification in Bahrain, Qatar, and the UAE; and (ii.) explores what the interpretation of the concept of best interests of the child tells us about changing societal values, family structures, and present-day attitudes towards motherhood and fatherhood in the GCC. I argue that, although the best interests of the child standard has come to influence most aspects of child law in the three countries under review, its usage and meaning remains inconsistent. The concept serves multiple purposes in the area of parental care in particular. What is still missing in all three jurisdictions is a thoroughly grounded and all-encompassing framework to determine the best interests of the child standard and also an understanding of its overall function within family law.
Orientalism in the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Skeet Charlotte Helen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article provides an anti-Orientalist critique of jurisprudence within the European Court of Human Rights. Discussion is located in the context of the longstanding debate over what it is to be “European” and an awareness of how these wider discourses shape rights adjudication at national and intra-national levels in Europe. Argument draws on literature from post-colonial theorists, cultural studies, and feminist legal theory which identify and discuss “Orientalist” discourses to analyse the production of legal knowledge and jurisprudence from the European Court of Human Rights. The article argues that Orientalist discourses affect the ways that the Court constructs and positions both the claimant and the respondent state in human rights claims. These constructions influence cases involving Muslim claimants and have a particularly negative impact on the outcome of claims by visibly-Muslim women. The final part of the article suggests ways that these negative discourses and constructions can be countered.
Decontextualizing Arabic Music in France and in the United States
Authors: Jaffré Maxime 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper traces the various steps of the redefinition process implemented by Arab musicians performing in France and in the United States. The assembling of Arabic music groups outside their institutional and national borders reveals new patterns and raises several questions: (1) While most Arabic countries do not share the same institutional music traditions, or the same repertoires (Arab-Andalusian vs. maqamat), how can Arabic musicians from different countries assemble outside their institutional and national borders? (2) How can we understand the heterogeneity of repertoires (scholarly and popular) when the musicians come from different traditions and institutions? Can musicians pursue the legacy—and legitimacy—of classical repertoires or do they necessarily have to embrace Arabic pop culture? Finally, (3) while they were part of the elite in their home countries, how are Arab musicians considered outside their musical institutions, in their new countries such as France and the United States? Have they remained elite musicians in the eyes of their new audiences? Or have they simply become ‘popular’ musicians, regardless of the repertoire they play?
Music, Politics and ‘Organic Artists’ during the Arab Spring
Authors: Boubia Amina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Music and politics have long been related. In the Middle East, the Arab Spring has shed new light on how artists can become involved as legitimate public figures taking part in crucial political developments. By looking at Tunisia and Morocco, where constitutional reforms took place with different outcomes in that context, I explore the extent to which the Tunisian and Moroccan music scenes contributed to the uprisings. On a theoretical level, I add to the theories of collective action and social movements by drawing on a re-interpretation of Albert Hirschman’s typology, and define an original concept inspired by Antonio Gramsci’s work, namely that of the ‘organic artist’. Relying on song-text and video-clip analysis, in this paper I examine the artists’ (re)actions to unfolding events, (re)actions which illustrate the challenges they faced. Hence, the fact that the music scenes in both Tunisia and Morocco strongly backed the uprisings reflects only part of the reality.
Dendrochronological analysis and growth patterns of Polylepis reticulata (Rosaceae) in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Alvites C. , Battipaglia G. , Santopuoli G. , Hampel H. , Vázquez R.F. , Matteucci G. , Tognetti R. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTRelict tree species in the Andean mountains are important sources of information about climate variability and climate change. This study deals with dendroclimatology and growth patterns in Polylepis reticulata Hieron., growing at high elevation (mean of 4000 m a.s.l.) in three sites of the Ecuadorian Andes. The aims of the research were: (i) characterizing tree-ring boundaries; (ii) describing tree-ring patterns of the study sites; (iii) investigating the relationships between climate and radial tree growth; and (iv) determining the spatial correlation between seasonal climatic factors and tree-ring width of P. reticulata. Tree rings were characterized by semi-ring porosity and slight differences in fibre wall thickness between latewood and subsequent earlywood. In all sampling sites, tree rings in heartwood were more clearly visible than in sapwood. Tree-ring width was more related to temperature than to precipitation, with growth being also affected by site conditions and stand structure, as well as other local factors. No significant relationships were found between tree-ring chronologies of P. reticulata and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Vapour Pressure Deficit indices. The study highlights that there is not a clear driving climate factor for radial growth of P. reticulata. Additional research is needed to study growth dynamics of this species and the impacts of local environmental variables.
Representation of Mongols in the Fleur des histoires de la terre d’Orient Illuminated for the Cabrera-Cruïlles Family
Authors: Brigante Brunilde 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAmong the many exotic populations represented in the richly illuminated manuscript of the Fleur des histoires de la terre d’Orient (BnF, n.a.f. 886) the Mongols have clearly been highlighted by the artist who carried out the illustrative cycle. This matches the views expressed in the text by its author, Hayton of Korykos, who stressed the strategic importance of an alliance between Mongols and Christians against the Mameluks of Egypt, who were holding the possession of the Holy Land. In this manuscript, illuminated in Catalonia for a member of the Cabrera-Cruilles families, exoticism is conveyed through the representation of arms and dresses. It is interesting to notice that the Mongols are the only population who is represented with unmistakable distinctive features: the conical hat, and the arch and arrows. In addition to indications based on the miniatures’ style, the iconographic analysis of the armours allows to suggest that the manuscript was produced during the first half of 14th century.
Linking Anomalous Moisture Transport And Drought Episodes in the IPCC Reference Regions
Authors: Drumond Anita , Stojanovic Milica , Nieto Raquel , Vicente-Serrano Sergio Martin , Gimeno Luis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDroughts are complex and may be triggered by different mechanisms, such as atmospheric circulation, moisture transport, and thermodynamic processes. Significant research has been completed to characterize precipitation in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reference regions (RRs), but a systematic analysis of atmospheric transport linked to drought episodes is still missing. This article describes a catalog in which the drought episodes over the RRs are identified during 1980–2015, and the role of the moisture transport anomalies from the respective major climatological moisture sources during the most severe meteorological drought episode registered for each RR is analyzed. For each of the 27 RRs defined in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, drought episodes were identified at 1-, 6-, and 12-month time scales through the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). SPEI values were computed using time series of the monthly precipitation and atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) averaged over each RR. The approach, which was applied to both identify the major climatological moisture sources and sinks for each RR and to investigate anomalies in moisture transport during the episode, is based on the Lagrangian flexible particle dispersion model (FLEXPART), integrated with the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data. For each RR, the following components were analyzed: a) moisture uptake over sources, b) moisture supply from the sources into the RR, and c) moisture supply from the RR into its sink. Although performed for just one case, this analysis illustrates how the moisture transport may impact the RR during extreme conditions. The results are organized in a web page available to the scientific community and stakeholders.
Subseasonal Variations of Stable Isotopes in Tropical Andean Precipitation
Authors: Guy Heather , Seimon Anton , Perry L. Baker , Konecky Bronwen L. , Rado Maxwell , Andrade Marcos , Potocki Mariusz , Mayewski Paul A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The tropical Andes of southern Peru and northern Bolivia have several major mountain summits suitable for ice core paleoclimatic investigations. However, incomplete understanding of the controls on the isotopic (δD, δ18O) composition of precipitation and a paucity of field observations in this region continue to limit ice-core-based paleoclimate reconstructions. This study examines four years of daily observations of δD and δ18O in precipitation from a citizen scientist network on the northeastern margin of the Altiplano, to identify controls on the subseasonal spatiotemporal variability in δ18O during the wet season (November–April). These data provide new insights into modern δ18O variability at high spatial and temporal scales. We identify a regionally coherent subseasonal signal in precipitation δ18O featuring alternating periods of high and low δ18O of 9–27-day duration. This signal reflects variability in precipitation delivery driven by synoptic conditions and closely relates to variations in the strength of the South American low-level jet and moisture availability over the study area. The annual layer of snowpack on the Quelccaya Ice Cap observed in the subsequent dry season retains this subseasonal signal, allowing the development of a snow-pit age model based on precipitation δ18O measurements, and demonstrating how synoptic variability is transmitted from the atmosphere to mountaintop snowpacks along the Altiplano’s eastern margin. This result improves our understanding of the hydrometeorological processes governing δ18O and δD in tropical Andean precipitation and has implications for improving paleoclimate reconstructions from tropical Andean ice cores and other paleoclimate records.
How Mobile Home Residents Understand and Respond to Tornado Warnings
Authors: Liu Brooke Fisher , Egnoto Michael , Lim JungKyu Rhys 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Mobile home residents experience higher fatality rates from tornadoes than “fixed home” residents. Yet, research on how mobile home residents understand and respond to tornado warnings is lacking. Such research can help meteorologists and their partners better communicate tornado risk. We conducted four surveys with residents of the southeastern United States. This region has the highest concentration of tornado fatalities and killer tornadoes, in part because of the high density of mobile homes. Findings reveal that today’s tornado warning system inadequately prepares mobile home residents to respond safely to tornadoes. The study offers recommendations for how to improve tornado communication for mobile and fixed home residents.