bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training in robotic surgery, replicating the airline industry. How far have we come?
Authors: Collins Justin William , Wisz Pawel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
As the role of robot-assisted surgery continues to expand, development of standardised and validated training programmes is becoming increasingly important. We aim to compare current robotic training curricula with training in aviation, to evaluate current similarities and to provide insight into how healthcare can further learn from replicating initiatives in aviation training.

Methods
A systematic literature review of the current evidence was conducted online and relevant publications and information were identified. Evaluation and comparison between training in robotic surgery and the aviation industry was performed.

Results
There are significant similarities between modern robotic training curricula and pilot training. Both undergo basic training before proceeding to advanced training. Aviation training methods include classroom instruction, e-learning and practical training, in both the aircraft and flight simulation training devices. Both surgeon and pilot training include technical and procedural instruction as well as training in non-technical skills such as crisis management, decision making, leadership and communication. However, there is more regulation in aviation, with international standards for training curricula, simulation devices and instructors/trainers that are legally binding. Continuous learning with re-qualification with benchmarked high stakes tests are also mandatory throughout a pilot’s and instructor’s career.

Conclusion
Robotic surgeons and pilots roles have many fundamental similarities. Both work with expensive and complex technology requiring high levels of skills, within working environments with high physiological and psychological stress levels. Whilst many initiatives in aviation training have already been replicated in surgical training there remain considerable differences in regulation. Adopting established and proven aviation methods of assessment and regulation could help robotic surgical training become more efficient, more effective and ultimately safer.
Multilevel allometric modelling of maximal stroke volume and peak oxygen uptake in 11–13-year-olds
Authors: Armstrong Neil , Welsman Jo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate (1) whether maximal stroke volume (SVmax) occurs at submaximal exercise intensities, (2) sex differences in SVmax once fat-free mass (FFM) has been controlled for, and, (3) the contribution of concurrent changes in FFM and SVmax to the sex-specific development of peak oxygen uptake $$ \left( {{\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} } \right) $$V˙O2.

Methods
The peak $$ {\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2 s of 61 (34 boys) 11–12-year-olds were determined and their SV determined during treadmill running at 2.28 and 2.50 m s−1 using carbon dioxide rebreathing. The SVmax and peak $$ {\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2 of 51 (32 boys) students who volunteered to be tested treadmill running at 2.50 m s−1 on three annual occasions were investigated using multilevel allometric modelling. The models were founded on 111 (71 from boys) determinations of SVmax, FFM, and peak $$ {\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2.

Results
Progressive increases in treadmill running speed resulted in significant (p < 0.01) increases in $$ {\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2, but SV levelled-off with nonsignificant (p > 0.05) changes within ~ 2–3%. In the multilevel models, SVmax increased proportionally to FFM0.72 and with FFM controlled for, there were no significant (p > 0.05) sex differences. Peak $$ {\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2 increased with FFM but after adjusting for FFM0.98, a significant (p < 0.05) sex difference in peak $$ {\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2 remained. Introducing SVmax to the multilevel model revealed a significant (p < 0.05), but small additional effect of SVmax on peak $$ {\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2.

Conclusions
Fat-free mass explained sex differences in SVmax, but with FFM controlled for, there was still a ~ 5% sex difference in peak $$ {\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} $$V˙O2. SVmax made a modest additional contribution to explain the development of peak $$ {\dot{\text{V}}\text{O}}_{2} , $$V˙O2, but there remained an unresolved sex difference of ~ 4%.
Creation of a new genus in the family Secoviridae substantiated by sequence variation of newly identified strawberry latent ringspot virus isolates
Authors: Dullemans A. M. , Botermans M. , de Kock M. J. D. , de Krom C. E. , van der Lee T. A. J. , Roenhorst J. W. , Stulemeijer I. J. E. , Verbeek M. , Westenberg M. , van der Vlugt R. A. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To obtain insight into the sequence diversity of strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV), isolates from collections and diagnostic samples were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing. For five SLRSV isolates, the complete genome sequences were determined, and for 18 other isolates nearly complete genome sequences were determined. The sequence data were analysed in relation to sequences of SLRSV and related virus isolates available in the NCBI GenBank database. The genome sequences were annotated, and sequences of the protease-polymerase (Pro-Pol) region and coat proteins (CPs) (large and small CP together) were used for phylogenetic analysis. The amino acid sequences of the Pro-Pol region were very similar, whereas the nucleotide sequences of this region were more variable. The amino acid sequences of the CPs were less similar, which was corroborated by the results of a serological comparison performed using antisera raised against different isolates of SLRSV. Based on these results, we propose that SLRSV and related unassigned viruses be assigned to a new genus within the family Secoviridae, named “Stralarivirus”. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, this genus should include at least three viruses, i.e., SLRSV-A, SLRSV-B and lychnis mottle virus. The newly generated sequence data provide a basis for designing molecular tests to screen for SLRSV.
Integrating habitat- and species-based perspectives for wetland conservation in lowland agricultural landscapes
Authors: Guareschi Simone , Laini Alex , Viaroli Pierluigi , Bolpagni Rossano 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Wetlands are among the most endangered ecosystems worldwide with multiple direct and indirect stressors, especially in human-altered areas like intensive agricultural landscapes. Conservation management and efforts often focus on species diversity and charismatic taxa, but scarcely consider habitats. By focusing on a complex formed by 107 permanent wetlands at 18 Natura 2000 sites in the Emilia-Romagna region (northern Italy), the patterns of habitats of conservation concern were investigated and the concordance with threatened species patterns was analysed. Wetlands were characterised in terms of morphology, connectivity, land use and management as drivers of assemblage and richness patterns of habitats. Our results showed a strong concordance between the distribution and richness patterns of both habitats and threatened taxa (birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish, invertebrates, and plants). Thus, habitats seem an effective proxy of species patterns. The variables related with perimeter, environmental heterogeneity and presence of water bodies were the most important ones associated with habitat richness patterns. The presence of aquatic systems (measured as the percentage of wetland area occupied by an aquatic surface) and their position in the hydrographic network were associated mostly with habitats distribution. Low richness wetlands (in habitat terms) were not complementary as no new habitat types were supported. The results stressed the relevance of wetlands with wide water body perimeters composed of diverse systems as being key for biodiversity conservation in a simplified agricultural matrix. Integrating habitat- and species-based perspectives seems a promising field and may provide a rapid assessment tool to acquire effective information for wetlands conservation and assessment.
Demolishing Prejudices to Get to the Foundations: A Criterion of Demarcation for Fundamentality
Authors: Del Santo Flavio , Cardelli Chiara 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we reject commonly accepted views on fundamentality in science, either based on bottom-up construction or top-down reduction to isolate the alleged fundamental entities. We do not introduce any new scientific methodology, but rather describe the current scientific methodology and show how it entails an inherent search for foundations of science. This is achieved by phrasing (minimal sets of) metaphysical assumptions into falsifiable statements and define as fundamental those that survive empirical tests. The ones that are falsified are rejected, and the corresponding philosophical concept is demolished as a prejudice. Furthermore, we show the application of this criterion in concrete examples of the search for fundamentality in quantum physics and biophysics.
Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Caregivers: Capturing Health-Related and Care-Related Quality of Life
Authors: ten Hoopen Leontine W. , de Nijs Pieter F. A. , Duvekot Jorieke , Greaves-Lord Kirstin , Hillegers Manon H. J. , Brouwer Werner B. F. , Hakkaart-van Roijen Leona 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study investigated health-related QoL (HRQoL) and care-related quality of life (CarerQol) in clinically referred children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and their primary and secondary caregivers. The EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) and the CarerQol questionnaires were used to respectively measure health-related QoL and care-related QoL. Primary caregivers reported pain/discomfort (42%) and anxiety/depression (40%). In caring, they mostly experienced problems in the relationship with the child (84%), and in combining care with daily activities (51%). Children with ASD had a relevantly lower QoL. Despite negative effects, almost all caregivers (96%) derived fulfillment from caring for their affected children. HRQoL and CarerQol reports of primary caregivers and children were correlated, both providing useful information to ASD measurement and treatment.
The industrialization of ablation: a highly standardized and reproducible workflow for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: De Potter Tom , Hunter Tina D. , Boo Lee Ming , Chatzikyriakou Sofia , Strisciuglio Teresa , Silva Etel , Geelen Peter 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background or Purpose
The purpose of this analysis was to report on efficacy of a standardized workflow for atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation using technology advances such as 3D imaging and contact force sensing in a real-world setting.

Methods
Consecutive AF ablations from 2014 to 2015 at a high-volume site in Belgium were included. The workflow consisted of a pre-specified procedure sequence including 3D modeling followed by radiofrequency encircling of the pulmonary veins (25 W posterior wall, 35 W anterior wall) with a THERMOCOOL SMARTTOUCH® Catheter guided by CARTO VISITAG™ Module (2.5 mm/5 s stability, 50% > 7 g) and ablation index (targets: 550 anterior wall, 400 posterior wall). Efficiency endpoints were procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and radiation dose. The primary effectiveness endpoint was freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence.

Results
A total of 605 paroxysmal AF (PAF) and 182 persistent AF (PsAF) patients were followed for 436 ± 199 days. Mean procedure times were short (PAF: 96.1 ± 26.2 min; PsAF: 109.2 ± 35.6 min) with most procedures (90.6% PAF; 81.3% PsAF) completed in ≤ 120 min. Minimal fluoroscopy was utilized (PAF: 6.1 ± 3.8 min, 5.9 ± 3.4 Gy*cm2; PsAF: 6.9 ± 4.7 min, 7.4 ± 4.9 Gy*cm2). Freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence was higher for PAF than PsAF patients (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4–2.9, p = 0.0003), but adjusted mean rates were high in both groups (81.0% vs. 67.9%). Rates were adjusted for prior ablation and age (at 65 years).

Conclusion
AF ablation using a standardized workflow resulted in low procedure times and variability, with minimal fluoroscopy exposure. Long-term freedom from atrial arrhythmia recurrence was high in both PAF and PsAF populations.
Pre-operative Static Anterior Tibial Translation Assessed on MRI does not Influence Return to Sport or Satisfaction after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Marom Niv , Kleeblad Laura J. , Ling Daphne , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Marx Robert G. , Potter Hollis G. , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: October 2019

Background It has been suggested that the degree of anterior tibial translation (ATT) as measured passively on imaging studies (static ATT) after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may influence outcomes after ACL reconstruction. However, there is a lack of evidence supporting these suggestions. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this retrospective prognostic study was to assess the predictive value of pre-operative static ATT in knees with ACL injury on return to sport and in satisfaction after ACL reconstruction. Our hypothesis was that greater static ATT would be associated with lower rates of return to sport and lower levels of satisfaction. Methods Patients treated with ACL reconstruction were identified from an institutional registry and assigned to one of three groups according to their ACL injury type: acute ACL injury, chronic ACL injury, and failed ACL reconstruction. ATT in each knee compartment was measured using magnetic resonance imaging, and a retrospective telephone questionnaire was used to investigate post-ACL reconstruction return to sport and subjects’ satisfaction. Results One hundred thirty patients (52 acute with ACL injury, 29 with chronic ACL injury, and 49 with failed ACL reconstruction) completed the questionnaire, with a mean follow-up of 5.67 years. Ninety-seven patients (74.6%) returned to their primary sport, of whom 63 (65%) returned to the same level of sport. The mean time to return to sport was 10.1 months (range, 2 to 24 months). Overall, 113 patients (87%) were either very satisfied or satisfied with their outcomes. No difference in medial or lateral ATT was found between patients who returned to sport and those who did not. The failed-ACL reconstruction group had significantly lower rates of return to sport than did acutely and chronically injured patients (60.4% versus 88.5% and 75.9%, respectively). Conclusion The degree of pre-operative ATT in an ACL-deficient knee was not correlated with return to sport or satisfaction after ACL reconstruction. In this study cohort, only failed-ACL reconstruction patients undergoing revision ACL reconstruction were significantly less likely to return to their main sport. They were also less likely to return to sport at their pre-operative level, if they did return to sport.
Functionalized coconut husks for rhodamine-B dye sequestration
Authors: Bello Olugbenga Solomon , Adegoke Kayode Adesina , Fagbenro Samuel Oluwaseun , Lameed Olasunkanmi Seun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the efficacy of acid activated coconut husk (CHA) for the removal of rhodamine-B (Rh-B) dye from aqueous solutions. The CHA prepared was characterized using various techniques: SEM, FTIR EDX, Boehm titration and pHpzc, respectively. The effects of different operational parameters including initial concentration, contact time and solution temperatures were examined. Kinetic data for Rh-B dye adsorption onto CHA fitted best to pseudo-second-order kinetic model considering the correlation regression (R2) and the sum of squares of error values. Adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm was the most fitted among all the models used with maximum monolayer sorption capacity of 1666.67 mg g−1and the highest regression value of 0.99 indicating that CHA has greater affinity for Rh-B dye adsorption due to increased pore development via acid activation. Thermodynamic studies revealed an endothermic adsorption process with the ΔH0value of 62.77 kJ mol−1. Spontaneity was ascertained based on the negative values of ΔGo(ranging from − 26.38 kJ mol−1to − 20.93 kJ mol−1). The positive value of ΔS0(0.276 kJ mol−1 K−1) suggests increased randomness that exists between CHA and Rh-B dye. Cost analysis results revealed that CHA is six times cheaper than commercial activated carbon (CAC), providing a savings of 217 US$ kg−1. CHA adsorbent was found to be suitable for Rh-B dye removal from aqueous solution.
The impact of surgical site infections on hospital contribution margin—a European prospective observational cohort study
Authors: von Strauss Marco , Marti Walter R. , Mujagic Edin , Coslovsky Michael , Diernberger Katharina , Hall Peter , Zeindler Jasmin , Salm Lilian A. , Soysal Savas D. , Mechera Robert , von Holzen Urs , Weber Walter P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground:Surgical site infections (SSIs) are common surgical complications that lead to increased costs. Depending on payer type, however, they do not necessarily translate into deficits for every hospital.Objective:We investigated how surgical site infections (SSIs) influence the contribution margin in 2 reimbursement systems based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs).Methods:This preplanned observational health cost analysis was nested within a Swiss multicenter randomized controlled trial on the timing of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in general surgery between February 2013 and August 2015. A simulation of cost and income in the National Health Service (NHS) England reimbursement system was conducted.Results:Of 5,175 patients initially enrolled, 4,556 had complete cost and income data as well as SSI status available for analysis. SSI occurred in 228 of 4,556 of patients (5%). Patients with SSIs were older, more often male, had higher BMIs, compulsory insurance, longer operations, and more frequent ICU admissions. SSIs led to higher hospital cost and income. The median contribution margin was negative in cases of SSI. In SSI cases, median contribution margin was Swiss francs (CHF) −2045 (IQR, −12,800 to 4,848) versus CHF 895 (IQR, −2,190 to 4,158) in non-SSI cases. Higher ASA class and private insurance were associated with higher contribution margins in SSI cases, and ICU admission led to greater deficits. Private insurance had a strong increasing effect on contribution margin at the 10th, 50th (median), and 90th percentiles of its distribution, leading to overall positive contribution margins for SSIs in Switzerland. The NHS England simulation with 3,893 patients revealed similar but less pronounced effects of SSI on contribution margin.Conclusions:Depending on payer type, reimbursement systems with DRGs offer only minor financial incentives to the prevention of SSI.
Molecular pathway analysis associates alterations in obesity-related genes and antipsychotic-induced weight gain
Authors: Corfitsen Henrik Thyge , Krantz Betina , Larsen Agnete , Drago Antonio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjective:Antipsychotics often induce excessive weight gain. We hypothesised that individuals with genetic variations related to known obesity-risk genes have an increased risk of excessive antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG). This hypothesis was tested in a subset of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) trial data set.Methods:The CATIE trial compared effects and side effects of five different antipsychotics through an 18-month period. Based on the maximum weight gain recorded, excessive weight gain was defined as >7% weight gain. Cytoscape and GeneMANIA were instrumental in composing a molecular pathway from eight selected genes linked to obesity. Genetic information on a total of 495.172 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available from 765 (556 males) individuals. Enrichment test was conducted through ReactomePA and Bioconductor. A permutation test was performed, testing the generated pathway against 105permutated pathways (p≤ 0.05). In addition, a standard genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis was performed.Result:GWAS analysis did not detect significant differences related to excessive weight gain. The pathway generated contained 28 genes. A total of 2067 SNPs were significantly expressed (p< 0.01) within this pathway when comparing excessive weight gainers to the rest of the sample. Affected genes includingPPARGandPCSK1were not previously related to treatment-induced weight gain.Conclusions:The molecular pathway composed from high-risk obesity genes was shown to overlap with genetics of patients who gained >7% weight gain during the CATIE trial. This suggests that genes related to obesity compose a pathway of increased risk of excessive AIWG. Further independent analyses are warranted that may confirm or clarify the possible reasoning behind.
Petrography and geochemistry of the Lower Silurian sandstones from the Angzanggou Formation in the North Qilian Belt, China: implications for provenance, weathering and tectonic setting
Authors: Hou Qian , Mou Chuanlong , Han Zuozhen , Wang Qiyu , Tan Zhiyuan , Ge Xiangying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe North Qilian Orogenic Belt is on the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. It is connected with the Alxa Block in the north and the Tethyan orogenic assemblage in the south. The Lower Silurian Angzanggou Formation, deposited in the northern area of the North Qilian Orogenic Belt, is the most important for revealing the architecture and orogenic processes of the North Qilian Belt. Provenance analysis of the Angzanggou Formation can reveal not only the tectonic evolution of the central orogenic belt of China but also Palaeozoic Asia plate reconstructions. Petrographic analysis indicated that the compositional and textural maturity of the sandstones was low. The detrital composition of the Angzanggou Formation samples consists of quartz (8–14 %), feldspar (6–29 %) and lithic fragments (56–86 %). The sandstones could be classified as litharenites or feldspathic litharenites. The detrital modal composition suggests that these sandstones were probably deposited in a fore-arc basin. The element ratios and some discrimination diagrams based on geochemistry indicate that felsic and intermediate rocks were the main source rocks. The SiO2/Al2O3 ratio, the index of chemical variability and the Th/Sc versus Zr/Sc discrimination diagram suggest that the compositional maturity and degree of recycling were moderate to low. The index of alteration (CIA) and the A–CN–K diagram indicate the intensity of weathering was moderate. The discrimination diagrams based on major and trace elements and petrographic discrimination diagrams imply that the Angzanggou Formation rocks were derived from a continental island arc, and a sedimentary cover probably overlaid the volcanic arc. Therefore, we infer that during Early Silurian time the North Qilian Belt sediments accumulated in a fore-arc basin.