bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic fluoxetine treatment accelerates kindling epileptogenesis in mice independently of 5‐HT2A receptors
Authors: Li Crystal , Silva Juliana , Ozturk Ezgi , Dezsi Gabriella , O'Brien Terence J. , Renoir Thibault , Jones Nigel C. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPatients with epilepsy often have mood disorders, and these are commonly treated with antidepressant drugs. Although these drugs are often successful in mitigating depressive symptoms, how they affect the epileptogenic processes has been little studied. Recent evidence has demonstrated that treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant drugs adversely promotes epileptogenesis, which may be of great concern considering the number of patients exposed to these drugs. This study investigated 5‐HT2A receptor signaling as a potential mechanism driving the pro‐epileptogenic effects of the prototypical SSRI fluoxetine. Male homozygous 5‐HT2A receptor knockout mice or wild‐type littermates (n = 9‐14/group) were treated with continuous fluoxetine (10 mg kg−1d−1, sc) or vehicle and subjected to electrical kindling of the amygdala. Compared to vehicle, fluoxetine treatment accelerated kindling epileptogenesis (P < .001), but there was no effect of genotype (P = .75), or any treatment x genotype interaction observed (P = .90). Of interest, fluoxetine treatment increased afterdischarge thresholds in both genotypes (P = .007). We conclude that treatment with fluoxetine promotes epileptogenesis in mice, but this effect is not mediated by 5‐HT2A receptors. This suggests that antidepressants may accelerate the onset of acquired epilepsy in patients who have experienced epileptogenic cerebral insults.
Comorbid epilepsy in autism spectrum disorder: Implications of postnatal inflammation for brain excitability
Authors: Lewis Megan Leigh , Kesler Mitchell , Candy Sydney A. , Rho Jong M. , Pittman Quentin J. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveIn different cohorts, 5%‐30% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) also have epilepsy. The high co‐occurrence of these disorders suggests that a common mechanistic link may exist. The underlying pathophysiology of this comorbidity remains unknown. To investigate the mechanism(s) involved in the pathogenesis of ASD and epilepsy, we developed and validated a novel mouse model that concurrently exhibits hallmark features of both disorders.MethodsWe utilized inbred BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice that exhibit the core behavioral characteristics of ASD (ie, impaired sociability, altered vocalizations, and restricted interests). BTBR mice received a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile saline injection at postnatal day (P)7, P14, or P21. Cytokine expression was analyzed for interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐10, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor α in brain tissue of P7 and adult BTBR mice. Adult BTBR mice were behaviorally analyzed for seizure susceptibility, sociability, communication deficits, and motor stereotypies, and monitored using chronic video‐electroencephalography (EEG).ResultsAdult male and female BTBR mice treated at P7‐P14 with LPS were more sensitive to pentylenetetrazol‐induced seizures than saline‐treated controls. ASD‐like behaviors and hippocampal cytokine levels were unchanged between P7 LPS‐treated BTBR mice and controls. EEG recordings from the dorsal hippocampus revealed a significant increase in number and frequency of seizures over the 4‐week recording period (P60‐P88) in BTBR mice postnatally treated with LPS at P7. These results indicate the presence of a comorbid epileptic phenotype in BTBR mice.SignificanceThese findings suggest that an early postnatal immune challenge can increase brain excitability in adult BTBR mice and reveal an underlying epilepsy phenotype. This novel animal model may enable the elucidation of specific molecular alterations that are associated with the concurrent presentation of ASD and epilepsy, which could facilitate the development of targeted therapies for individuals affected by this comorbidity.
Bayesian estimation of partial population continuity using ancient DNA and spatially explicit simulations
Authors: Silva Nuno Miguel , Rio Jeremy , Kreutzer Susanne , Papageorgopoulou Christina , Currat Mathias 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe retrieval of ancient DNA from osteological material provides direct evidence of human genetic diversity in the past. Ancient DNA samples are often used to investigate whether there was population continuity in the settlement history of an area. Methods based on the serial coalescent algorithm have been developed to test whether the population continuity hypothesis can be statistically rejected by analysing DNA samples from the same region but of different ages. Rejection of this hypothesis is indicative of a large genetic shift, possibly due to immigration occurring between two sampling times. However, this approach is only able to reject a model of full continuity model (a total absence of genetic input from outside), but admixture between local and immigrant populations may lead to partial continuity. We have recently developed a method to test for population continuity that explicitly considers the spatial and temporal dynamics of populations. Here, we extended this approach to estimate the proportion of genetic continuity between two populations, using ancient genetic samples. We applied our original approach to the question of the Neolithic transition in Central Europe. Our results confirmed the rejection of full continuity, but our approach represents an important step forward by estimating the relative contribution of immigrant farmers and of local hunter‐gatherers to the final Central European Neolithic genetic pool. Furthermore, we show that a substantial proportion of genes brought by the farmers in this region were assimilated from other hunter‐gatherer populations along the way from Anatolia, which was not detectable by previous continuity tests. Our approach is also able to jointly estimate demographic parameters, as we show here by finding both low density and low migration rate for pre‐Neolithic hunter‐gatherers. It provides a useful tool for the analysis of the numerous ancient DNA data sets that are currently being produced for many different species.
Standing repair of a proximal, incomplete, articular fracture of the third metatarsal bone
Authors: Cillán‐García E. , Reardon R. J. M. , Schiavo S. , Fordham T. , Elce Y. A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA 5‐year‐old National Hunt Thoroughbred mare presented with sudden onset left hindlimb lameness after race training on the gallops. Clinical examination revealed a marked painful reaction over the proximal metatarsal region but no other obvious abnormalities were detected. Survey radiographs at the yard did not reveal any abnormalities. Nuclear scintigraphic examination 3 days after injury revealed focal marked increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the proximal metatarsal region. Subsequent radiography revealed an incomplete, articular fracture of the proximal left third metatarsal bone. Repair of the fracture using 3 × 4.5 mm cortical screws placed in lag fashion was performed under standing sedation following perineural analgesia. Follow‐up radiographs demonstrated progressive healing of the fracture. The mare returned to race training 8 months after the fracture was repaired and raced successfully 12 months post injury.
Spatial and temporal differences in life history parameters of Rastrineobola argentea (Pellegrin, 1904) in the Lake Victoria basin in relation to fishing intensity
Authors: Mangeni‐Sande R. , Taabu‐Munyaho A. , Ogutu‐Ohwayo R. , Nkalubo W. , Natugonza V. , Nakiyende H. , Nyamweya C. S. , Muwanika V. B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe small pelagic cyprinid, Rastrineobola argentea (Pellegrin), commonly known as dagaa, accounted for 60% of the total fish biomass and 40% of the commercial catches in Lake Victoria in 2015. However, some aspects of the biology of species (from which management interventions are based) have changed since 1970s; and yet harvest regulations have remained the same. In this study, spatial and temporal variations in life history traits of dagaa in the northern portion of Lake Victoria were examined in relation to fishing intensity to offer guidance on possible adjustments in managing the fishery. The mean standard length halved, whilst the length at 50% maturity (Lm50) reduced by 27%, between the 1970s and 2015; however, the decline in Lm50 was more pronounced in males than females. Data collected between 2014 and 2015 showed that immature individuals are largely harvested from inshore and mid‐island areas, whilst most of the fishes caught in open water areas are largely mature irrespective of the size of the gear used. The causes of the changes in these biological aspects, and the need for policy adjustment, are discussed in the context of changes in fishing pressure.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Lan Kuo‐Wei , Lee Ming‐An , Chou Chin‐Pei , Vayghan Ali Haghi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.
Engaging youth in research planning, design and execution: Practical recommendations for researchers
Authors: Hawke Lisa D. , Relihan Jacqueline , Miller Joshua , McCann Emma , Rong Jessica , Darnay Karleigh , Docherty Samantha , Chaim Gloria , Henderson Joanna L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractContextEngaging youth as partners in academic research projects offers many benefits for the youth and the research team. However, it is not always clear to researchers how to engage youth effectively to optimize the experience and maximize the impact.ObjectiveThis article provides practical recommendations to help researchers engage youth in meaningful ways in academic research, from initial planning to project completion. These general recommendations can be applied to all types of research methodologies, from community action‐based research to highly technical designs.ResultsYouth can and do provide valuable input into academic research projects when their contributions are authentically valued, their roles are clearly defined, communication is clear, and their needs are taken into account. Researchers should be aware of the risk of tokenizing the youth they engage and work proactively to take their feedback into account in a genuine way. Some adaptations to regular research procedures are recommended to improve the success of the youth engagement initiative.ConclusionsBy following these guidelines, academic researchers can make youth engagement a key tenet of their youth‐oriented research initiatives, increasing the feasibility, youth‐friendliness and ecological validity of their work and ultimately improve the value and impact of the results their research produces.
How do adolescents with cerebral palsy participate? Learning from their personal experiences
Authors: Wintels Sophie Catharina , Smits Dirk‐Wouter , van Wesel Floryt , Verheijden Johannes , Ketelaar Marjolijn ,   the PERRIN PiP Study Group
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundParticipation in society can be difficult for adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). Information is often based on quantitative studies, and little is known about their personal participation experiences.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the participation experiences of adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) with CP.MethodsA qualitative participatory research method was used. Twenty‐three semi‐structured open interviews were conducted with 13 male and 10 female adolescents (mean age 15 years) with CP. An interview checklist was developed jointly with adolescents with CP. This checklist ensured that the adolescents reflected on various participation areas, that is school, sports, health care and work. The analysis was based on principles of grounded theory.FindingsFrom the adolescents’ experiences, 4 key categories were identified. One concerned participation, as such, expressed as “My participation experiences,” including experiences, thoughts and feelings while participating in daily life. Three other categories concerned factors that influence participation experiences, expressed as “My disability,” “Me as a person” and “My environment.” These 4 categories together formed a model showing the interactions and dynamics of participation according to adolescents with CP.ConclusionAdolescents with CP expressed their participation experiences, including various important influencing factors. This study conceptualized these experiences into a dynamic model. This experience‐based participation model may provide new, personalized perspectives for practice, for instance in rehabilitation, but also for schools and sports (or sports clubs) attended by adolescents. Focusing on personal and environmental factors might be the key to successful participation.
What do stakeholders expect from patient engagement: Are these expectations being met?
Authors: Boudes Mathieu , Robinson Paul , Bertelsen Neil , Brooke Nicholas , Hoos Anton , Boutin Marc , Geissler Jan , Sargeant Ify 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundMeaningful patient engagement (PE) in medicines development and during the life cycle of a product requires all stakeholders have a clear understanding of respective expectations.ObjectiveA qualitative survey was undertaken to understand stakeholder expectations.DesignThe survey explored 4 themes from the perspective of each stakeholder group: meaning, views, expectations and priorities for PE. Participants were grouped into 7 categories: policymakers/regulators; health‐care professionals (HCPs); research funders; payers/purchasers/HTA; patients/patient representatives; pharmaceutical/life sciences industry; and academic researchers.ResultsFifty‐nine interviews were conducted across a range of geographies, PE experience and job seniority/role. There was consensus across stakeholders on meaning of PE; importance of promoting PE to a higher level than currently; need for a more structured process and guidance. There was little consensus on stakeholder expectations and roles. Policymakers/regulators were expected by others to drive PE, create a framework and facilitate PE, provide guidelines of good practice and connect stakeholders, but this expectation was not shared by the policymakers/regulators group. HCPs were seen as the link between patients and other stakeholders, but HCPs did not necessarily share this view.Discussion and conclusionsDespite broad stakeholder categories, clear themes emerged: there is no “leader”; no stakeholder has a clear view on how to meaningfully engage with patients; there are educational gaps; and a structure and guidance for PE is urgently required. Given the diversity of stakeholders, there needs to be multistakeholder collaborative leadership. Effective collaboration requires consensus on roles, responsibilities and expectations to synergize efforts to deliver meaningful PE in medicines life cycle.
Orexin‐1 receptors in the rostral ventromedial medulla are involved in the modulation of capsaicin evoked pulpal nociception and impairment of learning and memory
Authors: Shahsavari F. , Abbasnejad M. , Esmaeili‐Mahani S. , Raoof M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the role of rostral ventromedial medulla orexin‐1 receptors in the modulation of orofacial nociception as well as nociception‐induced learning and memory impairment in adult male rats.MethodologyPulpal nociception was induced by intradental application of capsaicin (100 μg) into the incisors of rats. Orexin‐1 receptors agonist (orexin‐A, 10, 25 and 50 pmol L−1 rat−1) and antagonist (SB‐334867‐A, 40 and 80 nmol L−1 rat−1) were microinjected into the rostral ventromedial medulla prior to capsaicin administration. Total time spent on nocifensive behaviour was recorded by direct visualization of freely moving rats whilst learning and memory were evaluated by the Morris water maze test. One‐way analysis of variance and repeated‐measures were used for the statistical analysis.ResultsCapsaicin‐treated rats had a significant increase of nocifensive behaviours (P < 0.001), as well as learning and memory impairment (P < 0.001). However, intraventromedial medulla prior micro‐injection of orexin‐A (50 pmol L−1 rat−1) significantly reduced the nociceptive behaviour (P < 0.001). This effect was blocked by pre‐treatment with SB334867‐A (80 nmol L−1 rat−1). Orexin‐A (50 pmol L−1 rat−1) also inhibited nociception‐induced learning and memory deficits. Moreover, administration of SB‐334867‐A (80 nmol L−1 rat−1) plus orexin‐A (50 pmol L−1 rat−1) had no effect on learning and memory deficits induced by capsaicin.ConclusionsThe data suggest that rostral ventromedial medulla orexin‐A receptors are involved in pulpal nociceptive modulation and improvement of learning and memory deficits induced by intradental application of capsaicin.
Porphyromonas endodontalis reactivates latent Epstein–Barr virus
Authors: Makino K. , Takeichi O. , Imai K. , Inoue H. , Hatori K. , Himi K. , Saito I. , Ochiai K. , Ogiso B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimTo determine whether Porphyromonas endodontalis can reactivate latent Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).MethodologyThe concentrations of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in P. endodontalis culture supernatants were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. A promoter region of BamHI fragment Z leftward open reading frame 1 (BZLF‐1), which is a transcription factor that controls the EBV lytic cycle, was cloned into luciferase expression vectors. Then, the luciferase assay was performed using P. endodontalis culture supernatants. Histone acetylation using Daudi cells treated with P. endodontalis culture supernatants was examined using Western blotting. BZLF‐1 mRNA and BamHI fragment Z EB replication activator (ZEBRA) protein were also detected quantitatively using real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. Surgically removed periapical granulomas were examined to detect P. endodontalis, EBV DNA, and BZLF‐1 mRNA expression using quantitative real‐time PCR. Statistical analysis using Steel tests was performed.ResultsThe concentrations of n‐butyric acid in P. endodontalis culture supernatants were significantly higher than those of other SCFAs (P = 0.0173). Using B‐95‐8‐221 Luc cells treated with P. endodontalis culture supernatants, the luciferase assay demonstrated that P. endodontalis induced BZLF‐1 expression. Hyperacetylation of histones was also observed with the culture supernatants. BZLF‐1 mRNA and ZEBRA protein were expressed by Daudi cells in a dose‐dependent manner after the treatment with P. endodontalis culture supernatants. P. endodontalis and BZLF‐1 in periapical granulomas were also detected. The expression levels of BZLF‐1 mRNA were similar to the numbers of P. endodontalis cells in each specimen.Conclusionsn‐butyric acid produced by P. endodontalis reactivated latent EBV.
A new nanofibrillated and hydrophobic grafted dietary fibre derived from bamboo leaves: enhanced physicochemical properties and real adsorption capacity of oil
Authors: Yan Jiai , Hu Jianxue , Yang Ruijin , Zhao Wei 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDietary fibre (DF) has been used for enhancing health benefits for centuries. In this study, an innovative nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was obtained by the combined application of high‐density steam flash‐explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo leaves. The NFC prepared in this study was characterised by long, well‐defined and distinct NFC fibres, exhibiting excellent functional properties (water retention capacity: 20 g water g−1, swelling capacity: 97 mL g−1, oil‐holding capacity: 13 g oil g−1, and higher adsorption of bile acids and cholesterol). Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) was further successfully grafted onto the NFC to improve its hydrophobicity. Thus, the oil‐holding capacity of the NFC reached 18.5 g oil g−1 and the adsorption of bile acids and cholesterol increased twofold. A gastrointestinal digestion experiment further showed that the nanofibrillated and hydrophobic grafted dietary fibre represented a high‐quality dietary supplement providing enhanced health benefits, highlighted by the strong ability to absorb oil. These results indicate that the OSA‐NFC has a great potential for use as a functional ingredient in food products.
Depression and young age impact on hip fracture subsequent to stroke: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yeh Hui‐Fang , Hsu Yao‐Chun , Clinciu Daniel L. , Tung Heng‐Hsin , Yen Yung‐Chieh , Kuo Hung‐Chang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study is to identify whether depression and other associated factors in stroke are related to subsequent hip fracture.BackgroundThere are very few studies that focus on depression and demographic impact on subsequent hip fracture after a stroke.DesignThis a retrospective cohort study design.MethodsThe Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between 1997 and 2010 was used. Two stroke patient cohorts were analysed: (1) depression within 1 year after newly diagnosed strokes; (2) without depression within 1 year after newly diagnosed strokes. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and hip fracture were compared using the Fine and Gray regression model for subdistribution hazard ratios.Results/FindingsPatients with depression showed a higher risk of hip fracture (95% CI, 0.99‐1.66). Depression was associated with increased risk of hip fracture for patients below 50 years old (95% CI, 1.45‐7.34). Comorbidities and gender showed no significant correlation with hip fracture risk in the depressed or nondepressed groups.ConclusionPoststroke depression was a significant contributor to hip fracture in patients who suffered strokes and had more negative impact on the younger population, regardless of the gender and presence of comorbidities.