bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface oxide development on aluminum alloy 6063 during heat treatment
Authors: Rullik Lisa , Evertsson Jonas , Johansson Niclas , Bertram Florian , Nilsson Jan‐Olov , Zakharov Alexei A. , Mikkelsen Anders , Lundgren Edvin 
Published: February 2019

We report on the influence of oxygen partial pressure for the development of surface oxides covering the industrial aluminum alloy standard 6063 at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 500° C. Using an array of synchrotron‐based techniques, we followed the change in oxide thickness, chemical composition, and the lateral distribution of alloying elements. The impact of the oxygen chemical potential is most visible at high temperatures where the oxide composition changes from mostly Al based to mostly Mg based. This is in stark contrast to the ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) conditions where only a partial compositional transition is observed. The microscopy data demonstrate that in the UHV case, Mg segregation onto the surface occurs firstly at grain boundaries at 300° C and secondly at sites over the entire surface at 400° C. Further, the initial oxide thickness is 45 Å, as determined by XPS and XRR, decreases in all observed cases after heating to 300° C. At higher temperatures, however, the oxygen partial pressure highly influences the resulting oxide thickness as evident from our X‐ray reflectivity data.
Facile Preparation of Hydrophilic Dual Functional Magnetic Metal‐Organic Frameworks as a Platform for Proteomics Research
Authors: Liu Bin , Lu Yujie , Wang Baichun , Yan Yinghua , Liang Hongze , Yang Huayan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHighly specific enrichment of glycopeptides or phosphopeptides from complex biological samples is crucial and necessary before mass spectrometry analysis. In this work, a hydrophilic dual‐functional magnetic metal‐organic framework was prepared via a facile strategy for both glycopeptides and phosphopeptides enrichment. Self‐assemble polymerization of dopamine on magnetic graphene was performed in basic solution at room temperature, which offered good hydrophilicity and compatibility, Zr4+ was easily adhered to the polydopamine, and MOF reaction with amino ligand was easily to perform (magG@PDA@UiO‐66‐NH2). The large surface area and good hydrophilicity make it an ideal material for proteomics research. It was applied for glycopeptide enrichment based on hydrophilic interaction, while immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography for phosphopeptides enrichment, both exhibiting excellent specificity (1:1000 for phosphopeptides, 1:200 for glycopeptides) and sensitivity (1 fmol for phosphopeptides, 10 fmol for glycopeptides). It also shows good performance in human serum and defatted milk analysis.
CT‐BODIPY with Donor‐Acceptor Architecture: Red‐AIE Property and Selective Interaction with BSA
Authors: Huang Chunmei , Qian Ying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA dual‐channel chromophore named CT‐BODIPY with through bond energy transfer (TBET) and red aggregation‐induced emission(red‐AIE) characters was designed, consisting of D−A (donor‐acceptor) architecture where boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) core as electron acceptor and coumarin as electron donor. Surprisingly, we found that it was non‐fluorescent in pure DMSO. However, the intensities centered at 626 nm increased apparently with higher water contents and the fluorescence intensities in 95% water contents DMSO/H2O mixtures reached the maximum. Besides, the dye generated red fluorescence in the solid state at 616 nm. These results demonstrated typical aggregation induced red emission. Crystallographic structure analysis attested that large dihedral angle of 77° and intermolecular interaction restricted intramolecular rotation which was the mechanism of AIE character. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experimental results and transmission electron microscope (TEM) image also demonstrated the formation of aggregates. Importantly, CT‐BODIPY had ability to produce fast detection for bovine serum albumin (BSA) based on AIE and the DLS studies also indicated the change of aggregate diameter. Furthermore, The CT‐BODIPY was applied in dual‐channel MCF‐7 cell imaging which suggested it could be promising in biosensor applications.
Et3N‐ Promoted Cascade Sp3 C‐H Bond Functionalization of Methyl Arene with Active Methylene CompoundsUnder Solvent‐Free Condition
Authors: Kumar Dhirendra , Kumari Savita , Gajaganti Somaiah , Srivastava Vandana , Singh Sundaram 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe herein report the Et3N catalyzed sp3 C−H bond functionalization of methyl arenes with active methylene compounds under solvent‐free condition using TBHP as an oxidant. These reactions are exclusively enabled by TBHP. The methyl arenes used in this reaction are highly versatile and rapidly undergo oxidation and further condensation with malononitrile /ethylcyanoacetate. This is a metal‐free, practical, inexpensive, non‐toxic and environmentally benign method.
Silk Fluorescence Collimator for Ultrasensitive Humidity Sensing and Light‐Harvesting in Semitransparent Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Fan , Liu Wenzhe , Li Weifeng , Xu Zijie , Diao Ying Ying , Lin Nai Bo , Guo Wenxi , Shi Lei , van Esch Jan H. , Liu Xiang Yang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis work examines the self‐collimation effect of silk materials on fluorescence emission/detection. A macroscopic regulation strategy, coupled with meso‐reconstruction and meso‐functionalization, is adopted to amplify the fluorescence emission of organic fluorescent dyes (i.e., Rhodamine 6G (R6G)) using silk photonic crystal (PC) films. The fluorescence emission can be linearly enhanced or inhibited by a PC as a result of the photonic bandgap coupling with the excitation light and/or emission light. Depending on the design of the silk fluorescence collimator, the emission can reach 49.37 times higher than the control. The silk fluorescence collimator can be applied to achieve significant benefits: for instance, as a humidity sensor, it provides good reproducibility and a sensitivity of 28.50 a.u./% relative humidity, which is 80.78 times higher than the sensitivity of the control, and as a novel curtain, it raises the energy conversion efficiency of the semitransparent dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by 16%.
Coupling PtNi Ultrathin Nanowires with MXenes for Boosting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Both Acidic and Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Jiang Yi , Wu Xingqiao , Yan Yucong , Luo Sai , Li Xiao , Huang Jingbo , Zhang Hui , Yang Deren 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeveloping an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) working in both acidic and alkaline solutions is highly desirable, but still remains challenging. Here, PtxNi ultrathin nanowires (NWs) with tunable compositions (x = 1.42, 3.21, 5.67) are in situ grown on MXenes (Ti3C2 nanosheets), serving as electrocatalysts toward HER. Such PtxNi@Ti3C2 electrocatalysts exhibit excellent HER performance in both acidic and alkaline solutions, with the Pt3.21Ni@Ti3C2 being the best one. Specifically, Pt3.21Ni@Ti3C2 achieves record‐breaking performance in terms of lowest overpotential (18.55 mV) and smallest Tafel slope (13.37 mV dec−1) for HER in acidic media to date. Theory calculations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses demonstrate that the coupling of MXenes with the NWs not only approaches the Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption close to zero through the electron transfer between them in acidic media, but also provides additional active sites for water dissociation in alkaline solution, both of them being beneficial to the HER performance.
Adhesive Hemostatic Conducting Injectable Composite Hydrogels with Sustained Drug Release and Photothermal Antibacterial Activity to Promote Full‐Thickness Skin Regeneration During Wound Healing
Authors: Liang Yongping , Zhao Xin , Hu Tianli , Chen Baojun , Yin Zhanhai , Ma Peter X. , Guo Baolin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeveloping injectable nanocomposite conductive hydrogel dressings with multifunctions including adhesiveness, antibacterial, and radical scavenging ability and good mechanical property to enhance full‐thickness skin wound regeneration is highly desirable in clinical application. Herein, a series of adhesive hemostatic antioxidant conductive photothermal antibacterial hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid‐graft‐dopamine and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using a H2O2/HPR (horseradish peroxidase) system are prepared for wound dressing. These hydrogels exhibit high swelling, degradability, tunable rheological property, and similar or superior mechanical properties to human skin. The polydopamine endowed antioxidant activity, tissue adhesiveness and hemostatic ability, self‐healing ability, conductivity, and NIR irradiation enhanced in vivo antibacterial behavior of the hydrogels are investigated. Moreover, drug release and zone of inhibition tests confirm sustained drug release capacity of the hydrogels. Furthermore, the hydrogel dressings significantly enhance vascularization by upregulating growth factor expression of CD31 and improve the granulation tissue thickness and collagen deposition, all of which promote wound closure and contribute to a better therapeutic effect than the commercial Tegaderm films group in a mouse full‐thickness wounds model. In summary, these adhesive hemostatic antioxidative conductive hydrogels with sustained drug release property to promote complete skin regeneration are an excellent wound dressing for full‐thickness skin repair.
Micro‐ and macro‐optimizations of SaaT search
Authors: Trotman Andrew , Crane Matt 
Published: February 2019

SummaryWe introduce and test several micro‐ and macro‐optimizations to the Score‐at‐a‐Time approach to processing impact‐ordered postings lists in a search engine. Our micro‐optimizations are at the single‐assembly instruction level, but our macro‐optimizations are algorithmic. Overall, we see an improvement of 37% on our baseline (22% on state of the art). We experiment with parallel search and present evidence that we have hit the memory wall.
Fabrication of on‐chip vacuum pump using a silicon nanostructure by metal‐assisted chemical etching
Authors: Inomata Naoki , Kamakura Kentaro , Van Toan Nguyen , Ono Takahito 
Published: February 2019

We proposed, fabricated, and evaluated an on‐chip vacuum pumping device using a nanoporous structure fabricated using metal‐assisted chemical etching (MACE) on silicon (Si). The driving principle relies on thermal transpiration, which is generally referred to as a Knudsen pump. MACE can be used to fabricate high‐aspect nanostructures of Si, which is advantageous for obtaining a high performance similar to that of a Knudsen pump because the nanochannels and temperature difference are significant components of this principle. The pumping device consists of wafers arranged as follows: glass (300 µm)/Si (200 µm)/glass (200 µm). The glass wafers have small chambers, and the Si wafer has a nanoporous structure with wide channels. One hundred and thirty‐two stages (pairs of cool and hot chambers) are cascaded. Vacuum levels are evaluated using a suspended thin diaphragm of Si. The device is fabricated using conventional microfabrication techniques. In the fabricated device, the temperature of the cool and hot sides is maintained at 70 and 230 °C. The chamber pressure in the 132nd stage was estimated to be 85.9 kPa, and the evacuation speed was approximately 10 min. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of pulmonary toxicity of benzalkonium chloride and triethylene glycol mixtures using in vitro and in vivo systems
Authors: Kwon Doyoung , Lim Yeon‐Mi , Kwon Jung‐Taek , Shim Ilseob , Kim Eunji , Lee Doo‐Hee , Yoon Byung‐Il , Kim Pilje , Kim Hyun‐Mi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBenzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a widely used disinfectant/preservative, and respiratory exposure to this compound has been reported to be highly toxic. Spray‐form household products have been known to contain BAC together with triethylene glycol (TEG) in their solutions. The purpose of this study was to estimate the toxicity of BAC and TEG mixtures to pulmonary organs using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells incubated with BAC (1‐10 μg/mL) for 24 hours showed significant cytotoxicity, while TEG (up to 1000 μg/mL) did not affect cell viability. However, TEG in combination with BAC aggravated cell damage and inhibited colony formation as compared to BAC alone. TEG also exacerbated BAC‐promoted production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduction of glutathione (GSH) level in A549 cells. However, pretreatment of the cells with N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) alleviated the cytotoxicity, indicating oxidative stress could be a mechanism of the toxicity. Quantification of intracellular BAC by LC/MS/MS showed that cellular distribution/absorption of BAC was enhanced in A549 cells when it was exposed together with TEG. Intratracheal instillation of BAC (400 μg/kg) in rats was toxic to the pulmonary tissues while that of TEG (up to 1000 μg/kg) did not show any harmful effect. A combination of nontoxic doses of BAC (200 μg/kg) and TEG (1000 μg/kg) promoted significant lung injury in rats, as shown by increased protein content and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). Moreover, BAC/TEG mixture recruited inflammatory cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), in terminal bronchioles and elevated cytokine levels, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in BALF. These results suggest that TEG can potentiate BAC‐induced pulmonary toxicity and inflammation, and thus respiratory exposure to the air mist from spray‐form products containing this chemical combination is potentially harmful to humans.
Enhanced High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputter Processes
Authors: Gaines J. R. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryHigh power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPMS) has emerged as a useful approach for depositing highly dense and smooth coatings of electrically conductive materials. Recent advances in power supply technology have further enabled HIPMS through the addition of a positive kick in the pulse cycle which supplies a bias at the surface of the sputter target which expels sputter target ions and sends more charged adatoms toward the substrate. This has been demonstrated with critical materials like diamond‐like carbon and plasmonic materials. Material specific pulse magnitudes and durations can be developed to achieve new novel thin film morphologies.
Artificial neural networks trained through deep reinforcement learning discover control strategies for active flow control
Authors: Rabault Jean , Kuchta Miroslav , Jensen Atle , Réglade Ulysse , Cerardi Nicolas 
Published: February 2019

We present the first application of an artificial neural network trained through a deep reinforcement learning agent to perform active flow control. It is shown that, in a two-dimensional simulation of the Kármán vortex street at moderate Reynolds number ($Re=100$), our artificial neural network is able to learn an active control strategy from experimenting with the mass flow rates of two jets on the sides of a cylinder. By interacting with the unsteady wake, the artificial neural network successfully stabilizes the vortex alley and reduces drag by approximately 8 %. This is performed while using small mass flow rates for the actuation, of the order of 0.5 % of the mass flow rate intersecting the cylinder cross-section once a new pseudo-periodic shedding regime is found. This opens the way to a new class of methods for performing active flow control.
Native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal isolates (Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus microcarpum) improve plant height and nutritional status of banana plants
Authors: Kammadavil Sahodaran Nidheesh , Arun Abju K. , Ray Joseph George 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn experiment was carried out to assess the benefits of native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for banana plants cv. ‘Nendran’. The AMF species applied wereFunneliformis mosseaeandGlomus microcarpum, which were identified in a previous survey as the most common root associates ofMusaspp. in traditional monoculture banana fields. Spores of both the AMF species isolated from the natural banana fields were mono-cultured and used in the experiment, individually and in combination, at two inoculum spore levels (2500 or 5000 spores). We evaluated the root colonising potential of AMFs and their effects on plant height, chlorophyll content and leaf N, P and K concentrations at regular intervals up to 90 days after inoculation. All the inoculated plants showed more than 80% root colonisation. Increase in chlorophyll content in the leaves was found significant in all treatments, with the exception of the combination of 5000 spores ofF. mosseae and5000 spores ofG. microcarpumeach. Increases in leaf N, P and K were found in all the inoculated plants as compared to control (sterile soil without any AMF). While a significant reduction in soil available nitrogen and soil pH was observed in all treatments with inoculation, the soil available phosphorus and soil total organic carbon were increased by inoculation. Overall data revealed positive effects of AMF species in banana, especially during its early growth. As AMF species were isolated from fields differing in relation to banana variety and soil type and have positive effects in banana nutrition, an integrated soil fertility management using AMF appears promising.
Ten new species and 34 new country records of Trypetheliaceae
Authors: APTROOT André , SIPMAN Harrie J. M. , BARRETO Flávia Maria Oliveira , NUNES Ariel Dantas , CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTen new species of Trypetheliaceae are described: Astrothelium bullatothallinum from Venezuela, which is close to A. aeneum but differs by the bullate thallus with a thick cortex, intermixed in a mosaic with the prothallus; A. cayennense from French Guiana, which is similar to A. flavomegaspermum but with a yellow pigment in the pseudostroma near the ostioles; A. diaphanocorticatum from Papua New Guinea, which has a bullate thallus with a thick hyaline cortex and 3-septate ascospores of 25–28×10–12 μm; A. macroeustomum from French Guiana, with joint lateral ostioles, UV+ yellow ostiolar region and 5-septate ascospores of 50–55×12–17 μm; A. minicecidiogenum from Costa Rica, with muriform ascospores of 70–90×20–25 μm, without pseudostromata, with solitary ascomata, lateral ostioles and an inspersed hamathecium; A. palaeoexostemmatis from Thailand, which is similar to A. exostemmatis but with larger, I+ blue ascospores; A. quasimamillanum from Brazil, with muriform ascospores of 30–33×9·5–10·5 μm, without pseudostromata, with solitary ascomata, lateral ostioles and an inspersed hamathecium; A. studerae from Brazil, with astrothelioid ascomata, lichexanthone only in the pseudostromata, 3-septate ascospores of 21·5–23·0×6·5–7·5 μm; A. tanianum from Malaysia, with a bullate thallus, solitary ascomata, covered by the thallus, (9–)11(–15)-septate ascospores, 75–100×20–22 μm; and Pseudopyrenula miniflavida from Brazil, with a yellow-inspersed hamathecium, the inspersion dissolving in KOH without colour change, and 3-septate ascospores, 15–17×5·5–6·5 μm. The unusually thick, hyaline cortical layer of the thallus of Astrothelium diaphanocorticatum, through which the individual algal cells are clearly visible, is discussed. Furthermore, 30 species are reported from 34 countries in which they had previously been unrecorded; one (Astrothelium inspersaeneum) is from a new continent, Asia.
Ecological specialization of lichen congeners with a strong link to Mediterranean-type climate: a case study of the genusSolenopsorain the Apennine Peninsula
Authors: GUTTOVÁ Anna , FAČKOVCOVÁ Zuzana , MARTELLOS Stefano , PAOLI Luca , MUNZI Silvana , PITTAO Elena , ONGARO Silvia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn ecological biogeographical perspective provides an understanding of the factors that shape the geographical distribution of organisms, their biodiversity and ecological speciation. Focusing on members of the lichen genusSolenopsora, which are strongly linked to a Mediterranean-type climate, we aimed to depict their environmental niches in the Apennine Peninsula. This area represents their ecological optima, as well as the biogeographical centre of distribution. On the basis of occurrences ofSolenopsoracongeners, we identified the key ecological factors that shape their environmental niches. Applying an ensemble approach, which merges the results of Random Forest, GLM and MaxEnt algorithms, suitability maps were developed. These are mainly influenced by geological substratum, temperature and precipitation. Occurrence ofSolenopsorataxa seems to be mainly governed by low variability in diurnal temperature and tolerance to dryness, with precipitation in the range of 0–20 mm in the driest month and a minimum temperature of >5 °C in the coldest month. The sensitivity to diurnal temperature, an important indicator for climate change, suggests that the taxa confined to Mediterranean bioclimatic types (i.e.Solenopsora grisea,S. marina,S. olivaceasubsp.olbiensisandS. olivaceasubsp.olivacea) might be good indicators of climatic stability. The geological substratum was a strong limiting factor and separated the taxa into three groups: those growing on calcareous, siliceous and ultramafic substrata. Limited co-occurrence of species confined to one of the three categories suggests that the level of niche differentiation is on a microhabitat level. Accounting for ecological requirements, the taxa differ in their tolerance to sub-optimal conditions. The ecological niches of a sister subspecies pair with different reproduction strategies, fertileS. olivaceasubsp.olivaceaand sorediateS. olivaceasubsp.olbiensis, overlap strongly. However, habitat suitability forS. olivaceasubsp.olbiensisis greater in areas with higher precipitation in the driest month, whereasS. olivaceasubsp.olivaceais more restricted to warmer and drier areas. We also report new regional records for Italy and the first records ofS. cesatiiin Serbia and Ukraine, and ofS. liparinain Serbia.
Could angiotensin-modulating drugs be relevant for the treatment of Trypanosoma cruzi infection? A systematic review of preclinical and clinical evidence
Authors: Souza-Silva Thaiany G. , Diniz Lívia F. , Lia Mazzeti Ana , Mendonça Andrea A. S. , Gonçalves Reggiani V. , Novaes Rômulo D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough leucocytes are targets of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) effector molecules and RAS-modulating drugs exert immunomodulatory effects, their impact onTrypanosoma cruziinfection remains poorly understood. By using the framework of a systematic review, we integrated the preclinical and clinical evidence to investigate the relevance of angiotensin-inhibiting drugs onT. cruziinfections. From a comprehensive and structured search in biomedical databases, only original studies were analysed. In preclinical and clinical studies, captopril, enalapril and losartan were RAS-modulating drugs used. The mainin vitrofindings indicated that these drugs increased parasite uptake per host cells, IL-12 expression by infected dendritic cells and IFN-γby T lymphocytes, in addition to attenuating IL-10 and IL-17 production by CD8 + T cells. In animal models, reduced parasitaemia, tissue parasitism, leucocytes infiltration and mortality were often observed inT. cruzi-infected animals receiving RAS-modulating drugs. In patients with Chagas’ disease, these drugs exerted a controversial impact on cytokine and hormone levels, and a limited effect on cardiovascular function. Considering a detailed evaluation of reporting and methodological quality, the current preclinical and clinical evidence is at high risk of bias, and we hope that our critical analysis will be useful in mitigating the risk of bias in further studies.