bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studien über den lipoiden Aktivator der Blutgerinnung
Authors: Hecht E 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung1. Neben anderen angewandten Methoden wird eine ausführliche Beschreibung unserer Technik des Thrombokinasebildungstestes gegeben.2. Die lipoiden Aktivatoren aus Aceton-getrocknetem Gehirn von Mensch, Rind, Pferd, Schwein, Kaninchen und Taube wurden vergleichend untersucht.3. Die lipoiden Aktivatoren zeigen ein identisches Verhaltena) bezüglich ihres Einflusses auf die Gerinnung sowohl von Hühnerplasma als auch von menschlichem Plasma,b) bezüglich des negativen Ausfalls der Eiweißreaktionen,c) hinsichtlich der RF-Werte der papierchromatographisch erhaltenen vier Ninhydrin-positiven Reaktionen undd) bezüglich ihrer gleichwertigen Leistung, die Blutplättchen im Rahmen des Thrombokinasebildungstestes zu ersetzen.Die aus Hirnsubstanz erhältlichen lipoiden Aktivatoren scheinen demnach identisch zu sein.4. Die Aktivitätskurven der aus den gleichen Aceton-getrockneten Hirnsubstanzen stammenden Thrombokinasen mit Hühner- und menschlichem Plasma als Gerinnungssubstrat weichen von den Aktivitätskurven der entsprechenden lipoiden Aktivatoren in spezifischer Weise ab.5. An Hand orientierender Versuche, welche die Eiweißfreiheit der Hirnthrombokinasen suggerieren, wird erwogen, die unter 4. genannten Beobachtungen u. a. den Unterschieden in der lipoiden Zusammensetzung der Präparate zuzuschreiben.
Über das Vorkommen eines Antiheparinfaktors in Thrombozyten und Geweben)
Authors: Deutsch E , Wawersich E , Franke G 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie als Thrombozytenfaktor 4 bezeichnete Antiheparin-Aktivität der Thrombozyten kann auf chemischem Wege von den anderen bekannten Thrombozytenfaktoren abgetrennt werden. Diese Aktivität ist bei — 25° lange stabil, ist hitzelabil, wird durch Ansäuern auf pH 5,0 gefällt und bleibt bei 50% iger Sättigung mit Ammonsulfat in Lösung. Sie ist nicht dialysabel. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, daß die Aktivität einem Eiweißkörper zukommt oder an einen solchen adsorbiert ist.
The blood coagulation mechanisms in thrombocytopenic blood
Authors: Johnson Shirley A. , Caldwell M. June , Monto Raymond W. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThrombocytopenic serum supports a short prothrombin consumption time, however, the same serum contains as little prothrombin as normal serum. The prothrombin consumption test of thrombocytopenic serum can be prolonged by adsorption on BaCO3 or reduced again by the addition of the sodium citrate eluate. The antihemophilic activity of thrombocytopenic blood disappears when the blood clots as in normal blood and autoprothrombin I is present in much smaller amounts than in normal serum. The authors suggest that a new factor, a possible derivative of prothrombin, is responsible for the short prothrombin consumption value in thrombocytopenic blood.
Hämorrhagische Diathese mit Störung mehrerer Teilvorgänge der Blutstillung
Authors: Brockhaus Johannes 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine schwere hämorrhagische Diathese bei einem 4jährigen Jungen beschrieben, die sporadisch aufgetreten ist und schon über 2 Jahre verfolgt wird. Dabei ist die Blutungszeit immer extrem verlängert und ein Gefäßschaden sowie ein Mangel an AHG nachweisbar. Die Krankheit entspricht in Symptomen und Befunden der im Schrifttum als Haemophilia vascularis oder Angiohämophilie bezeichneten Krankheit, welche nach unseren Vorstellungen eine Sonderform der Thrombopathia v. Willebrand-Jürgens sein kann. Sie kommt wie diese als dominant erbliches Leiden vor und tritt auch sporadisch auf. Pathogenetisch lassen sich dabei heute weder die dauernd erhöhte Blutdurchlässigkeit der Gefäße, die zu der erhöhten Blutungsneigung führt, noch die Unberechenbarkeit der Schübe schwer stillbarer Blutungen durch die gerinnungsphysiologische Analyse allein befriedigend erklären. Abschließend werden neuere noch hypothetische Vorstellungen über den Einfluß von Gerinnungsdefekten auf die pathologische Gefäßdurchlässigkeit wiedergegeben und für die Krankheit erwogen.
Haemoglobinaemia and Haemoglobinuria Following the Administration of Neodymium 3-Sulpho-Isonicotinate (Thrombodym)
Authors: Rizza C. R , Shepherd D. M , Walker W 
Published: June 2018

SummaryNine of thirteen patients receiving daily intravenous injections of 375 mg. 3-sulpho-isonicotinate for four to eight days developed haemoglobinaemia, accompanied in one case by haemoglobinuria and methaemalbuminaemia. In addition to haemoglobinaemia, a rise in blood cholesterol was observed in rabbits given larger doses.
Endoscopic Ultrasound for the Hepatologist: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rimbaş Mihai , Di Maurizio Luca , Rizzatti Gianenrico , Gasbarrini Antonio , Costamagna Guido , Larghi Alberto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the last few years, the diagnostic and therapeutic utilization of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for a variety of liver conditions has exponentially grown. We performed a thorough search for all available studies on the performance of diagnostic and therapeutic EUS in the field of hepatology. This article reviews the indication of EUS in the evaluation and treatment of portal hypertension, portal vein pressure measurement, focal liver lesions, and parenchymal liver diseases, and presents all the clinical evidences available so far in this regard. All the review data suggest that EUS is becoming an increasingly important tool in the armamentarium of the hepatologists for the management of certain liver-related conditions. Implementation in the education of the hepatologists of means to become more familiar with both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of EUS is warranted.
Bacterial Infections in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Yang Lingling , Wu Tianzhou , Li Jiang , Li Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a newly recognized clinical syndrome characterized by preexisting chronic liver disease or cirrhosis with organ failure and high 28-day mortality (50–90%). Bacterial infections (BIs) play pivotal roles in the development and progression of ACLF either as a main precipitating event or a specific complication. The main organisms isolated as triggering ACLF are Gram-positive bacteria, followed by Gram-negative bacteria. Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin infections are prevalent infections that trigger and complicate ACLF. Despite appropriate antibiotic treatment, BIs account for poor ACLF outcomes and lead to a worse clinical course and higher intensive care unit admission and short-term mortality. Early diagnosis and novel nonantibiotic methods are highly important for managing BIs. Thus, this review focuses on the epidemiology, prognosis, and diagnosis of and management strategies for BIs in ACLF patients as well as the relationship between BIs and ACLF.
Unterschiedliche Wachstumsverläufe von Kindern mit Übergewicht im Vergleich zu normalgewichtigen Kindern
Authors: Vogel T. , Kempf E. , Stanik J. , Körner A. 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Kontext: Körpergröße und Wachstum sind wichtige Parameter der kindlichen Entwicklung, die durch Genetik und Umwelt beeinflusst werden. Ein Umwelteinfluss ist die Ernährung. Bei steigernder, kindlicher Adipositas-Prävalenz kommt der Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Wachstum und Übergewicht daher besondere Bedeutung zu.
Design: Analyse anthropmetrischer Daten und IGF-1-Serumspiegel von 7968 Probanden mit 24 561 Messungen zwischen 3–20 Jahren aus verschiedenen Kohorten der Universität Leipzig
Ergebnisse: Übergewichtige Kinder sind bis zur Pubertät größer als schlanke Kinder. Diese Wachstumsunterschiede sind mit einer leicht erhöhten Geburtslänge und präpubertär erhöhten IGF-1-Serumspiegel-SDS assoziiert. Auch die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit scheint eine Rolle zu spielen: Übergewichtige Kinder haben präpubertär eine höhere Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit als schlanke Kinder. Jedoch ist der pubertätstypische Wachstumsschub trotz normaler IGF-1-Serumspiegel vermindert ausgeprägt. So können die schlanken Kinder die Körpergrößenunterschiede wieder ausgleichen, die sich mit Abschluss der Pubertät nivellieren.
Kinematic analysis of the shot‐put: A method of assessing the mechanical work of the hand action force
Authors: Landolsi Mounir , Labiadh Lazhar , Zarrouk Fayçal , Maaref Khaled , Ghannouchi Slaheddine , Tabka Zouhair , Lacouture Patrick 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aims of this study were to (1) propose a method for evaluating shot‐putters mechanical power, (2) investigate the relationship between mechanical work of hand action force (WHAF), peak power output (PPO) of different limbs and shot‐put performance and (3) show which of these two parameters (WHAF, PPO) were the most appropriate to characterize the explosive abilities of the shot‐putter. Twelve junior right‐handed shot‐putters, practised glide technique shot‐put throwers (personal best = 13.57 ± 1.72 m), participated in this study. Arm and leg force‐velocity tests were performed to measure PPO. Kinematic analysis was conducted during a shot‐putting event in regular conditions to quantify the WHAF at the release moment and shot‐put performance. Significant correlations were found between absolute arm and leg PPO with upper and lower muscle volumes (r = .67; p = .03; r = .76; p = .01; r = .74, p = .01; r = .65, p = .04). Positive relationships were recorded between absolute arm and leg PPO and shot‐put performance (r = .67, p = .02; r = .81, p = .004, respectively). Shot‐put performance was also closely related to the WHAF (r = .93, p = .0001) and release velocity parameter (r = .86, p = .001). The present results confirm that force‐velocity test and WHAF constitute useful tools for assessing mechanical power in throwing. The WHAF could be considered as more suitable than force‐velocity test.
AA9int: SNP interaction pattern search using non-hierarchical additive model set
Authors: Lin Hui-Yi , Huang Po-Yu , Chen Dung-Tsa , Tung Heng-Yuan , Sellers Thomas A , Pow-Sang Julio M , Eeles Rosalind , Easton Doug , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Amin Al Olama Ali , Benlloch Sara , Muir Kenneth , Giles Graham G , Wiklund Fredrik , Gronberg Henrik , Haiman Christopher A , Schleutker Johanna , Nordestgaard Børge G , Travis Ruth C , Hamdy Freddie , Neal David E , Pashayan Nora , Khaw Kay-Tee , Stanford Janet L , Blot William J , Thibodeau Stephen N , Maier Christiane , Kibel Adam S , Cybulski Cezary , Cannon-Albright Lisa , Brenner Hermann , Kaneva Radka , Batra Jyotsna , Teixeira Manuel R , Pandha Hardev , Lu Yong-Jie ,   The PRACTICAL Consortium, Park Jong Y 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMotivationThe use of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interactions to predict complex diseases is getting more attention during the past decade, but related statistical methods are still immature. We previously proposed the SNP Interaction Pattern Identifier (SIPI) approach to evaluate 45 SNP interaction patterns/patterns. SIPI is statistically powerful but suffers from a large computation burden. For large-scale studies, it is necessary to use a powerful and computation-efficient method. The objective of this study is to develop an evidence-based mini-version of SIPI as the screening tool or solitary use and to evaluate the impact of inheritance mode and model structure on detecting SNP–SNP interactions.ResultsWe tested two candidate approaches: the ‘Five-Full’ and ‘AA9int’ method. The Five-Full approach is composed of the five full interaction models considering three inheritance modes (additive, dominant and recessive). The AA9int approach is composed of nine interaction models by considering non-hierarchical model structure and the additive mode. Our simulation results show that AA9int has similar statistical power compared to SIPI and is superior to the Five-Full approach, and the impact of the non-hierarchical model structure is greater than that of the inheritance mode in detecting SNP–SNP interactions. In summary, it is recommended that AA9int is a powerful tool to be used either alone or as the screening stage of a two-stage approach (AA9int+SIPI) for detecting SNP–SNP interactions in large-scale studies.Availability and implementationThe ‘AA9int’ and ‘parAA9int’ functions (standard and parallel computing version) are added in the SIPI R package, which is freely available at https://linhuiyi.github.io/LinHY_Software/.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Models of cytokine dynamics in the inflammatory response of viral zoonotic infectious diseases
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Jang Sophia , Jonsson Colleen B , Allen Linda J S 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInflammatory responses to an infection from a zoonotic pathogen, such as avian influenza viruses, hantaviruses and some coronaviruses, are distinctly different in their natural reservoir versus human host. While not as well studied in the natural reservoirs, the pro-inflammatory response and viral replication appear controlled and show no obvious pathology. In contrast, infection in humans results in an initial high viral load marked by an aggressive pro-inflammatory response known as a cytokine storm. The key difference in the course of the infection between the reservoir and human host is the inflammatory response. In this investigation, we apply a simple two-component differential equation model for pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses and a detailed mathematical analysis to identify specific regions in parameter space for single stable endemic equilibrium, bistability or periodic solutions. The extensions of the deterministic model to two stochastic models account for variability in responses seen at the cell (local) or tissue (global) levels. Numerical solutions of the stochastic models exhibit outcomes that are typical of a chronic infection in the natural reservoir or a cytokine storm in human infection. In the chronic infection, occasional flare-ups between high and low responses occur when model parameters are in a region of bistability or periodic solutions. The cytokine storm with a vigorous pro-inflammatory response and less vigorous anti-inflammatory response occurs in the parameter region for a single stable endemic equilibrium with a strong pro-inflammatory response. The results of the model analyses and the simulations are interpreted in terms of the functional role of the cytokines and the inflammatory responses seen in infection of the natural reservoir or of the human host.
Learning predictive models of drug side-effect relationships from distributed representations of literature-derived semantic predications
Authors: Mower Justin , Subramanian Devika , Cohen Trevor 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this work is to leverage relational information extracted from biomedical literature using a novel synthesis of unsupervised pretraining, representational composition, and supervised machine learning for drug safety monitoring.MethodsUsing ≈80 million concept-relationship-concept triples extracted from the literature using the SemRep Natural Language Processing system, distributed vector representations (embeddings) were generated for concepts as functions of their relationships utilizing two unsupervised representational approaches. Embeddings for drugs and side effects of interest from two widely used reference standards were then composed to generate embeddings of drug/side-effect pairs, which were used as input for supervised machine learning. This methodology was developed and evaluated using cross-validation strategies and compared to contemporary approaches. To qualitatively assess generalization, models trained on the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) drug/side-effect reference set were evaluated against a list of ≈1100 drugs from an online database.ResultsThe employed method improved performance over previous approaches. Cross-validation results advance the state of the art (AUC 0.96; F1 0.90 and AUC 0.95; F1 0.84 across the two sets), outperforming methods utilizing literature and/or spontaneous reporting system data. Examination of predictions for unseen drug/side-effect pairs indicates the ability of these methods to generalize, with over tenfold label support enrichment in the top 100 predictions versus the bottom 100 predictions.Discussion and ConclusionOur methods can assist the pharmacovigilance process using information from the biomedical literature. Unsupervised pretraining generates a rich relationship-based representational foundation for machine learning techniques to classify drugs in the context of a putative side effect, given known examples.
Monetary diet cost is positively associated with diet quality and obesity: an analysis of school-aged children in Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Gong Yunhui , Jia Peng , Zhang Jieyi , Xue Hongmei , Quan Liming , Tian Guo , Xiong Jingyuan , Zhang Lishi , Wang Yu , Zhang Lin , Cheng Guo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
Little is known about the relationships between diet cost, dietary intake and obesity in Chinese populations. This study explored how diet cost was related to diet quality and obesity among school-aged children in Southwest China.

Methods
Data from a cross-sectional study was analysed. Diet cost was estimated based on dietary intake assessed with 24-h dietary recalls and retail food prices. Diet quality was measured using the Chinese Children Dietary Index. Body height, weight, waist circumference and skinfold thicknesses were measured, and their body mass index standard deviation score (BMISDS), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were calculated. Multivariate regression models were used to explore the relevance of diet cost to diet quality and obesity.

Results
After adjustment for potential confounders, a positive association was observed between diet quality and energy-adjusted diet cost (β = 0.143, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.014–0.285, Pfor-trend = 0.0006). Energy-adjusted diet cost also showed a positive association with FMI (β = 0.0354, 95% CI: 0.0001–0.0709, Pfor-trend = 0.01), BMISDS (β = 0.0200, 95% CI: 0.0006–0.0394, Pfor-trend = 0.002) and WHtR (β = 0.0010, 95% CI: 0.0003–0.0017, Pfor-trend = 0.02).

Conclusions
Energy-adjusted diet cost was independently and positively associated with diet quality and obesity among Chinese school-aged children.
Relationships among quarter milk leukocyte proportions and cow and quarter-level variables under different intramammary infection statuses
Authors: Paudyal Sushil , Pena Gustavo , Melendez Pedro , Roman-Muniz Ivette Noa , Pinedo Pablo J 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe use of milk leukocyte differential (MLD) test has been proposed as a complement to somatic cell count (SCC) to assess the presence and the severity of intramammary infection. However, detailed information regarding the behavior of MLD under different physiological or pathological stages of the cow is nonexistent. The objective was to analyze the association between milk leukocyte proportions provided by a commercial automated MLD test and multiple cow and quarter-level variables. The study population consisted of 104 Holstein cows (32 primiparous and 72 multiparous) in one farm. Cows were categorized by days in milk as early (&lt;50 DIM; n=29), middle (50–250 DIM; n=25), and late lactation (&gt;250 DIM; n = 50). Milk from 416 quarters was collected and analyzed for lymphocytes (LYM), neutrophils (NEU), and macrophages (MAC) counts using an automated milk fluorescence microscopy system. Concurrently, a sterile composite milk sample was collected from each cow for pathogen identification through microbiological culture. Culture results were classified as no growth (NOG), gram-negative (GN), gram-positive (GP), or other (OTH). Milk leukocyte proportions varied depending on the level of total leukocyte counts (TLC; P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, leukocyte ratios (NEU:LYM, NEU:MAC, and phagocyte:LYM) were different for multiple TLC categories (P &lt; 0.05). There was no association between parity number and MLD; however, cows in early lactation had the greatest proportions of NEU and LYM. Leukocyte ratios varied depending on parity number and stage of lactation. Cows in the medium milk-yield category had the smallest proportions of NEU and LYM, and there was significant variation in leukocyte ratios, depending on the level of milk yield. In healthy quarters, MLD were not associated with quarter position; however, the NEU:MAC ratio was greater in rear quarters than in front quarters. In quarters with TLC &gt;100,000, NEU% was greater in rear quarters than in front quarters (P = 0.03). For quarters with pathogen growth, TLC was greatest for GN followed by OTH and GP (P &lt; 0.001). Milk LD depended on the isolated pathogen group, although the magnitudes of the differences were small. Although the changes in the proportions of leukocytes in milk were associated with categories of TLC, levels of milk yield, and mastitis-causing pathogen groups, the deviations were small in magnitude. Additional research is necessary to determine the potential applications for this methodology.
Interventions to Improve the Breaking of Bad or Difficult News by Physicians, Medical Students, and Interns/Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Johnson Judith , Panagioti Maria 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
To assess the effectiveness of news delivery interventions to improve observer-rated skills, physician confidence, and patient-reported depression/anxiety.

Method
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from inception to September 5, 2016 (updated February 2017). Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-RCTs, and controlled before–after studies of interventions to improve the communication of bad or difficult news by physicians, medical students, and residents/interns. The EPOC risk of bias tool was used to conduct a risk of bias assessment. Main and secondary meta-analyses examined the effectiveness of the identified interventions for improving observer-rated news delivery skills and improving physician confidence in delivering news and patient-reported depression/anxiety, respectively.

Results
Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, including 19 independent comparisons on 1,322 participants and 9 independent comparisons on 985 participants for the main and secondary (physician confidence) analyses (mean [SD] age = 35 [7] years; 46% male), respectively. Interventions were associated with large, significant improvements in observer-rated news delivery skills (19 comparisons: standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.47–1.01) and moderate, significant improvements in physician confidence (9 comparisons: SMD = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.26–0.95). One study reported intervention effects on patient-reported depression/anxiety. The risk of bias findings did not influence the significance of the results.

Conclusions
Interventions are effective for improving news delivery and physician confidence. Further research is needed to test the impact of interventions on patient outcomes and determine optimal components and length.