bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenges of diagnosis and management of Gitelman syndrome
Authors: Urwin Stephanie , Willows Jamie , Sayer John A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGitelman syndrome is an inherited tubulopathy characterized by renal salt wasting from the distal convoluted tubule. Defects in the sodium chloride cotransporter (encoded by SLC12A3) underlie this autosomal recessive condition. This article focuses on the specific challenges of diagnosing and treating Gitelman syndrome, with use of an illustrative case report.Symptoms relate to decreased serum potassium and magnesium levels, which include muscle weakness, tetany, fatigue and palpitations. Sudden cardiac deaths have been reported. Making a diagnosis may be difficult given its rarity but is important. A knowledge of the serum and urine biochemical picture is vital to distinguish it from a broad differential diagnosis, and application of genetic testing can resolve difficult cases. There is a group of Gitelman syndrome heterozygous carriers that experience symptoms and electrolyte disturbance and these patients should be managed in a similar way, though here genetic investigations become key in securing a difficult diagnosis.Potassium and magnesium replacement is the cornerstone of treatment, though practically this can be hard for patients to manage and often does not fully relieve symptoms even when serum levels are normalized. Challenges arise due to the lack of randomized controlled trials focussing on treatment of this rare disease; hence, clinicians endorse strategies in line with correction of the underlying pathophysiology such as sodium loading or pharmacological treatments, which seem to help some patients. Focussed dietary advice and knowing the best tolerated preparations of potassium and magnesium medications are useful tools for the physician, as well as an awareness of the specific burdens that this patient group face in order to signpost appropriate support.
White matter repair and treatment strategy after intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Jiang Yi‐Bin , Wei Kai‐Yan , Zhang Xu‐Yang , Feng Hua , Hu Rong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe predilection site of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is in the basal ganglia, which is rich in white matter (WM) fiber bundles, such as cerebrospinal tract in the internal capsule. ICH induced damage to this area can easily lead to severe neurological dysfunction and affects the prognosis and quality of life of patients. At present, the pathophysiological mechanisms of white matter injury (WMI) after ICH have attracted researchers' attention, but studies on the repair and recovery mechanisms and therapy strategies remain rare. In this review, we mainly summarized the WM recovery and treatment strategies after ICH by updating the WMI‐related content by reviewing the latest researches and proposing the bottleneck of the current research.
Epilepsy and lifestyle behaviors related to bone health
Authors: Fernandez Haya , Cooke Martin , Patel Tejal 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveAdults aged 50 years and older with epilepsy face an increased risk of fracture associated both with age and with the use of antiepileptic drugs. Lifestyle behaviors, such as physical activity and calcium and vitamin D intake, have been found to be beneficial to bone health. The aim of this study is to investigate these osteoprotective behaviors in people aged 50 years and older with and without epilepsy.MethodsIn 2010, the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a cross‐sectional survey that collects health‐related data nationwide, included a subset of questions related to epilepsy along with the standard items on physical activity, nutrition, and sun exposure. Data on osteoprotective behaviors were extracted and analyzed for adults aged 50 years and older.ResultsThere were no significant findings related to calcium and vitamin D intake as measured by food choices and sun exposure survey items. People with epilepsy participated in physical activity significantly less often and for significantly shorter duration than people without epilepsy. Significantly fewer people with epilepsy reported intending to increase exercise in the next 12 months as compared to those without epilepsy.SignificanceAlthough adults aged 50 years and older with epilepsy face an increased risk of fracture as compared to those without epilepsy, they do not engage in a higher level of osteoprotective behaviors. In fact, adults with epilepsy are less physically active and report less intention to exercise than adults without epilepsy.
Improving phosphorus sustainability of sugarcane production in Brazil
Authors: Soltangheisi Amin , Withers Paul J. A. , Pavinato Paulo Sergio , Cherubin Maurício Roberto , Rossetto Raffaella , Do Carmo Janaina Braga , da Rocha Gustavo Casoni , Martinelli Luiz Antonio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPhosphorus (P) use in global food and bioenergy production needs to become more efficient and sustainable to reduce environmental impacts and conserve a finite and critical resource (Carpenter & Bennett, Environmental Research Letters, 2011, 6, 014009; Springmann et al., Nature, 2018, 562, 519). Sugarcane is one crop with a large P footprint because production is centered on P‐fixing soils with low P availability (Roy et al., Nature Plants, 2016, 2, 16043; Withers et al., Scientific Reports, 2018, 8, 2537). As global demand for processed sugar and bioethanol continues to increase, we advocate that improving P efficiency could become a key sustainability goal for the sugarcane industry. Here, we applied the 5R global P stewardship framework (Withers et al., Ambio, 2015, 44, 193) to identify more sustainable options to manage P in Brazilian sugarcane production. We show that current inputs of P fertilizer to the current crop area could be reduced by over 305 Gg, or 63%, over the next three decades by reducing unnecessary P fertilizer use, better utilization of recyclable bioresources and redesigning recommendation systems. Adoption of these 5R options would save the sugarcane industry in Brazil 528 US$ million and help safeguard global food and energy security.
Diagnostic utility of pan‐Trk immunohistochemistry for inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours
Authors: Yamamoto Hidetaka , Nozaki Yui , Kohashi Kenichi , Kinoshita Izumi , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: October 2019

AimsInflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT) is a spindle cell neoplasm of intermediate malignancy, and the diagnosis is often challenging due to the morphological overlap with other spindle cell neoplasms and reactive lesions. More than half of IMTs have the ALK gene rearrangement, and a minor subset have ROS1, NTRK3 or RET gene rearrangements. We sought to determine the potential diagnostic utility of pan‐Trk immunohistochemistry for IMTs.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively examined 40 cases of IMT using immunohistochemistry with a rabbit monoclonal pan‐Trk antibody. Gene rearrangement was confirmed by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation and/or reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The IMTs were classified as the ALK (n = 29), ROS1 (n = 2), NTRK3 (n = 2), RET (n = 0) and ‘quadruple‐negative’ (n = 7) genotypes by molecular analyses. Both of the ETV6–NTRK3 fusion‐positive cases showed nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for pan‐Trk in the majority of tumour cells. None of the ALK, ROS1 or quadruple‐negative‐type IMTs showed nuclear staining for pan‐Trk, but approximately one‐third of these IMTs showed focal and weak cytoplasmic staining. One exceptional case of a RANBP2–ALK‐positive epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma (an aggressive variant of IMT) showed moderate cytoplasmic staining for pan‐Trk.ConclusionsThese results suggest that pan‐Trk immunoreactivity with a nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern may be useful to identify ETV6–NTRK3‐positive IMTs and may be helpful in selecting patients for Trk‐targeted therapy.
Proximate and phenolic composition of selected native Australian food plants
Authors: Njume Collise , McAinch Andrew J. , Donkor Osaana 
Published: October 2019

SummaryEdible portions of Leucopogon parviflorus, Arthropodium strictum, Carpobrotus rossii, Rhagodia candolleana, Typha orientalis, Correa alba, Dianella revoluta and Acacia longifolia were collected in 2017 and 2019 from Warrnambool, Victoria Australia, and studied for phenolics and proximate composition. The plant species recorded consistent antioxidant activity with no nutritional alterations. Except for A. longifolia, total phenolic contents (TPC) were higher in 2019 than 2017 (P < 0.05). All the plant species contained Ca, Mg, Na and K. Except for betanin, isolated from R. candolleana (700 mg L−1) and C. rossii (244 mg L−1), higher quantities of polyphenols were extractable in methanol than water (P < 0.05). The plant fatty acid composition was predominantly palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids with A. longifolia containing 44% linoleic acid. While the plant nutrients and fatty acids were fairly stable, TPCs, some of the minerals and polyphenols varied between the years.
Reexamining the demand for HR certification in the United States
Authors: Bayer Jenna E. , Lyons Brian D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGiven the addition of new Human Resources (HR) certification offerings by the Society for Human Resource Management and the increase in HR certifications being awarded by the HR Certification Institute, it is necessary to investigate the current rate of demand for HR certification and explore practical implications for those within the field. The current study analyzed over 5,300 HR job announcements and found 20.7% demanded (preferred and/or required) HR certification with more requiring HR certification than before. Additionally, HR certification demand was positively related to salary, experience, education level, and job title with demand reaching 33.7% for managerial HR roles.
Quantitative T‐wave morphology assessment from surface ECG is linked with cardiac events risk in genotype‐positive KCNH2 mutation carriers with normal QTc values
Authors: Cortez Daniel , Zareba Wojciech , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Rosero Spencer Z. , Platonov Pyotr G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionLong QT syndrome (LQTS) mutation carriers have elevated the risk of cardiac events even in the absence of QTc prolongation; however, mutation penetrance in patients with normal QTc may be reflected in abnormal T‐wave shape, particularly in KCNH2 mutation carriers. We aimed to assess whether the magnitude of a three‐dimensional T‐wave vector (TwVM) will identify KCNH2‐mutation carriers with normal QTc at risk for cardiac events.MethodsAdult LQT2 patients with QTc < 460 ms in men and <470 ms in women (n = 113, age 42 ± 16 years, 43% male) were compared with genotype‐negative family members (n = 1007). The TwVM was calculated using T‐wave amplitudes in leads V6, II, and V2 as the square root of (TV62 + TII2 + (0.5*TV2)2). Cox regression analysis adjusted for gender and time‐dependent beta‐blocker use was performed to assess cardiac event (CE) risk, defined as syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy, or sudden death.ResultsDichotomized by median of 0.30 mV, lower TwVM was associated with elevated CE risk compared to those with high TwVM (HR = 2.95, 95% CI, 1.25‐6.98, P = .014) and also remained significant after including sex and time‐dependent beta‐blocker usage in the Cox regression analysis (HR = 2.64, 95% CI, 1.64‐4.24, P < .001). However, these associations were found only in women but not in men who had low event rates.ConclusionT‐wave morphology quantified as repolarization vector magnitude using T‐wave amplitudes retrieved from standard 12‐lead electrocardiogram predicts cardiac events risk in LQT2 women and appears useful for risk stratification of KCNH2‐mutation carriers without QTc prolongation.
Insights into IL‐29: Emerging role in inflammatory autoimmune diseases
Authors: Wang Jia‐Min , Huang An‐Fang , Xu Wang‐Dong , Su Lin‐Chong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInterleukin‐29 (IL‐29) is a newly discovered member of type III interferon. It mediates signal transduction via binding to its receptor complex and activates downstream signalling pathways, and therefore induces the generation of inflammatory components. Recent studies reported that expression of IL‐29 is dysregulated in inflammatory autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoarthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, psoriasis and systemic sclerosis. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that IL‐29 may involve in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory autoimmune disorders. In this review, we will systematically review the current knowledge about IL‐29. The information collected revealed the regulatory role of IL‐29 and may give important implications for its potential in clinical treatment.
A 3‐miRNA signature predicts survival of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma after post‐operative radiotherapy
Authors: Xu Xinbo , Lu Zhongming , Gross Neil , Li Guojun , Zhang Fenghua , Lei Dapeng , Pan Xinliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince the prognosis of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) remains poor, identification of miRNA as a potential prognostic biomarker for HSCC may help improve personalized therapy. In the 2 cohorts with a total of 511 patients with HSCC (discovery: N = 372 and validation: N = 139) after post‐operative radiotherapy, we used miRNA microarray and qRT‐PCR to screen out the significant miRNAs which might predict survival. Associations of miRNAs and the signature score of these miRNAs with survival were performed by Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox hazard model. Among 9 candidate, miRNAs, miR‐200a‐3p, miR‐30b‐5p, miR‐3161, miR‐3605‐5p, miR‐378b and miR‐4451 were up‐regulated, while miR‐200c‐3p, miR‐429 and miR‐4701 were down‐regulated after validation. Moreover, the patients with high expression of miR‐200a‐3p, miR‐30b‐5p and miR‐4451 had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) than did those with low expression (log‐rankP < .05). Patients with a high‐risk score had significant worse OS and DSS than those with low‐risk score. Finally, after adjusting for other important prognostic confounders, patients with high expression of miR‐200a‐3p, miR‐30b‐5p and miR‐4451 had significantly high risk of overall death and death owing to HSCC and patients with a high‐risk score has approximately 2‐fold increased risk in overall death and death owing to HSCC compared with those with a low‐risk score. These findings indicated that the 3‐miRNA‐based signature may be a novel independent prognostic biomarker for patients given surgery and post‐operative radiotherapy, supporting that these miRNAs may jointly predict survival of HSCC.
Analysis of urinary sphingolipids using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Morita Yoshifumi , Kurano Makoto , Sakai Eri , Nishikawa Takako , Nishikawa Masako , Sawabe Motoji , Aoki Junken , Yatomi Yutaka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionSphingolipids, such as ceramides and sphingosine, are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes; however, the modulation of urinary sphingolipids in diabetic nephropathy has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to develop a simultaneous measurement system for urinary sphingolipids using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and to elucidate the modulation of urinary sphingolipids in diabetic nephropathy.Materials and MethodsWe established a simultaneous measurement system for the urinary sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, and six ceramide species (Cer d18:1/16:0, Cer d18:1/18:0, Cer d18:1/18:1, Cer d18:1/20:0, Cer d18:1/22:0 and Cer d18:1/24:0), and we examined the urinary sphingolipids in 64 type 2 diabetes patients and 15 control participants.ResultsThe established measurement system for the urinary sphingolipids showed good precision for Cer d18:1/16:0, Cer d18:1/20:0, Cer d18:1/22:0 and Cer d18:1/24:0. We observed that the urinary levels of Cer d18:1/16:0, Cer d18:1/18:0, Cer d18:1/20:0, Cer d18:1/22:0 and Cer d18:1/24:0 were elevated in patients with stage 3 of diabetic nephropathy, and were correlated with urinary biomarkers, such as albumin and N‐acetyl‐β‐d‐glucosaminidase, and sediment score.ConclusionsOur method is useful for the measurement of ceramide in urine specimens, and urinary ceramides might be associated with the pathological condition of diabetic nephropathy, such as renal tubular injury.
Color stability of bulk‐fill and universal composite restorations with dissimilar dentin replacement materials
Authors: Miletic Vesna , Marjanovic Jovana , Veljovic Djordje N. , Stasic Jovana N. , Petrovic Violeta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine color changes in bulk‐fill composite and universal composite restorations with dissimilar dentin replacement materials in extracted teeth after staining in red wine.Materials and MethodsCylindrical, 4 mm deep, class I cavities were prepared in 140 human molars. Bottom 2 mm was restored with Biodentine (Septodont), everX posterior (GC) or experimental HAP inserts. Each dentin replacement material was covered with a 2‐mm layer of a universal composite Filtek Z250 or Z550 (3M ESPE) or Gradia Posterior (GC). Groups combining top composite layer and the underlying dentin replacement were designated as “composite_dentin replacement.” Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) and Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (Ivoclar Vivadent) were placed as a single 4‐mm layer. Color measurements were performed using Vita Easyshade 4.0 (Vita Zahnfabrik) initially and after 48‐hours storage in red wine at 37°C.ResultsColor differences (ΔEoo) ranged between 2.1 ± 0.7 (Z250_HAP) and 7.8 ± 1.1 (Z550_everX). EverX resulted in higher ΔEoo of the overlying composite than HAP (P < .001) and Biodentine (P = .006). Generally, ΔEoo was affected more by decreasing lightness (ΔL′) than changes in chroma (ΔC′).ConclusionsEverX resulted in higher ΔEoo of the restoration than Biodentine and experimental HAP after staining in red wine. No significant differences in ΔEoo may be expected in different composites with the same underlying dentin replacement material. The same was generally true for bulk‐fill and universal composites.Clinical SignificanceSimilar extent of color changes may be expected in bulk‐fill and universal composites. Highly translucent everX might exhibit greater color differences irrespective of the capping composite than non‐translucent materials. Clinicians have a wider choice of composite materials to cover a particular dentin replacement material, for example, everX or Biodentine, as similar color differences may be expected in various overlying composite brands.
Are hypohydrated older adults at increased risk of exhaustion?
Authors: Anjo I. , Amaral T. F. , Afonso C. , Borges N. , Santos A. , Moreira P. , Padrão P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDehydration appears to affect muscle strength and weakness, although its influence on exhaustion remains unclear. The present study aimed to quantify the association between hydration status and exhaustion among older adults.MethodsA cluster sampling approach was used, representing Portuguese older adults (≥65 years) according to age, sex, education level and region within the Nutrition UP65 cross‐sectional study. A 24‐h urine sample was collected to estimate free water reserve (FWR), which was categorised into tertiles according to sex. Subjects with incomplete 24‐h urine and renal disease were excluded. From a sample size of 1500 subjects, 1143 were eligible. Exhaustion was self‐reported according to the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. A logistic regression model was conducted to evaluate the association between FWR and exhaustion. Odds ratios and the respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated by sex and age.ResultsFree water reserve median (interquartile range) was 0.52 (0.68) L in women and 0.36 (0.77) L in men. Hypohydration affected 11.6% of women and 25.1% of men, whereas exhaustion was reported by 39.3% of women and 25.1% of men. After adjusting for confounders, women ≥80 years classified in the highest tertile of FWR showed a decreased risk of exhaustion (third tertile: odds ratio = 0.38; 95% confidence interval = 0.15–0.96) compared to women in the lowest FWR tertile. No such significant association was observed in women with <80 years and in men.ConclusionsThese results show an association between worse hydration status and exhaustion in older women, highlighting the need to implement further studies clarifying this association.
Highly cited dental articles and their authors: An evaluation of publication and citation characteristics
Authors: Yeung Andy Wai Kan , Ho Yuh‐Shan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimIn the present study, we aimed to identify and analyze the characteristics of highly cited articles in dentistry.MethodsAll articles belonging to Web of Science category of “dentistry, oral surgery and medicine” published until 2016 were analyzed. The bibliometric data of the highly cited articles were evaluated. The Y‐index was applied to assess authors’ publication potential. Altmetric scores were recorded from Dimensions, a free online database.ResultsThere were 3666 highly cited dentistry articles published in dental journals. Half of them were published in seven leading journals in their specialties. The major contributing countries were the USA, Sweden, the UK, and Switzerland. The highly cited articles were written by 3.7 authors on average. Jan Lindhe had the largest number of highly cited articles, whereas David H. Pashley had the highest potential to publish highly cited articles in dentistry.ConclusionsHighly cited articles were distributed among various dental specialties, and the most productive periods were the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The Y‐index gave dimensional details of the prolific authors. The current analysis was based on data extracted from Web of Science. Results could be different if data were extracted from other databases, such as Google Scholar.
A Framework for Race‐Related Trauma in the Public Education System and Implications on Health for Black Youth
Authors: Henderson Dawn X. , Walker Larry , Barnes Rachelle R. , Lunsford Alexis , Edwards Christen , Clark Christopher 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDA combination of increased suicide in the past decade, documented high rates of anxiety and depression, and the preponderance of other behavioral and emotional regulation challenges place black youth at risk for school suspension and involvement in the juvenile justice system. Pointing to deficits in black youth and their families negates how forces of racism, whether unconscious or conscious, can disrupt well‐being.METHODSA framework for race‐related trauma in the public education system illustrates the interplay between macro‐level forces, such as institutional and symbolic racism, and micro level forces of racism such as racial discrimination and violence. Identifying causal links between these forces and adverse academic and health outcomes for black youth can inform interventions and strategies to reduce race‐related trauma.RESULTSThe framework for race‐related trauma is a multi‐level analysis of racism and recognizes school districts facing economic restraints and school personnel turnover may face significant challenges in designing intervening strategies.CONCLUSIONThe framework guides change effort towards improving school climate and culture through preparing school professionals to meet the diverse needs of youth, strengthening family and community collaboration, and tackling those policies and behaviors that exclude and disconnect black youth.