bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of mesophyll conductance on vegetation responses to elevated CO2concentrations in a land surface model
Authors: Knauer Jürgen , Zaehle Sönke , De Kauwe Martin G. , Bahar Nur H. A. , Evans John R. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Reichstein Markus , Werner Christiane 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMesophyll conductance (gm) is known to affect plant photosynthesis. However,gmis rarely explicitly considered in land surface models (LSMs), with the consequence that its role in ecosystem and large‐scale carbon and water fluxes is poorly understood. In particular, the different magnitudes ofgmacross plant functional types (PFTs) are expected to cause spatially divergent vegetation responses to elevated CO2concentrations. Here, an extensive literature compilation ofgmacross major vegetation types is used to parameterize an empirical model ofgmin the LSM JSBACH and to adjust photosynthetic parameters based on simulatedAn − Cicurves. We demonstrate that an explicit representation ofgmchanges the response of photosynthesis to environmental factors, which cannot be entirely compensated by adjusting photosynthetic parameters. These altered responses lead to changes in the photosynthetic sensitivity to atmospheric CO2concentrations which depend both on the magnitude ofgmand the climatic conditions, particularly temperature. We then conducted simulations under ambient and elevated (ambient + 200 μmol/mol) CO2concentrations for contrasting ecosystems and for historical and anticipated future climate conditions (representative concentration pathways; RCPs) globally. Thegm‐explicit simulations using the RCP8.5 scenario resulted in significantly higher increases in gross primary productivity (GPP) in high latitudes (+10% to + 25%), intermediate increases in temperate regions (+5% to + 15%), and slightly lower to moderately higher responses in tropical regions (−2% to +5%), which summed up to moderate GPP increases globally. Similar patterns were found for transpiration, but with a lower magnitude. Our results suggest that the effect of an explicit representation ofgmis most important for simulated carbon and water fluxes in the boreal zone, where a cold climate coincides with evergreen vegetation.
Towards connecting biodiversity and geodiversity across scales with satellite remote sensing
Authors: Zarnetske Phoebe L. , Read Quentin D. , Record Sydne , Gaddis Keith D. , Pau Stephanie , Hobi Martina L. , Malone Sparkle L. , Costanza Jennifer , M. Dahlin Kyla , Latimer Andrew M. , Wilson Adam M. , Grady John M. , Ollinger Scott V. , Finley Andrew O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIssueGeodiversity (i.e., the variation in Earth's abiotic processes and features) has strong effects on biodiversity patterns. However, major gaps remain in our understanding of how relationships between biodiversity and geodiversity vary over space and time. Biodiversity data are globally sparse and concentrated in particular regions. In contrast, many forms of geodiversity can be measured continuously across the globe with satellite remote sensing. Satellite remote sensing directly measures environmental variables with grain sizes as small as tens of metres and can therefore elucidate biodiversity–geodiversity relationships across scales.EvidenceWe show how one important geodiversity variable, elevation, relates to alpha, beta and gamma taxonomic diversity of trees across spatial scales. We use elevation from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and c. 16,000 Forest Inventory and Analysis plots to quantify spatial scaling relationships between biodiversity and geodiversity with generalized linear models (for alpha and gamma diversity) and beta regression (for beta diversity) across five spatial grains ranging from 5 to 100 km. We illustrate different relationships depending on the form of diversity; beta and gamma diversity show the strongest relationship with variation in elevation.ConclusionWith the onset of climate change, it is more important than ever to examine geodiversity for its potential to foster biodiversity. Widely available satellite remotely sensed geodiversity data offer an important and expanding suite of measurements for understanding and predicting changes in different forms of biodiversity across scales. Interdisciplinary research teams spanning biodiversity, geoscience and remote sensing are well poised to advance understanding of biodiversity–geodiversity relationships across scales and guide the conservation of nature.
Electronic healthcare records and data quality
Authors: Charnock Victoria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper is based on Victoria Charnock's MA dissertation carried out as part of her Masters in Leadership and Management in Healthcare at the University of Salford and supervised by Professor Hardiker. A review of current literature was conducted to provide a robust and dimensional definition of data quality in the field of health care. This was used as the basis on which to assess the effect that electronic health care records has had in practice, specifically on data quality and according to the dimensions of accuracy, completeness and use of data. All of the papers reviewed referred to the importance of accuracy and completeness, identifying the advantages of electronic health records in their use of standardized data entry controls. Drawing on the third dimension in the definition, use of data, the impact that system design may have on data quality and implications for staff training is further discussed and recommendations made.F.J.
Diversity and association of HLA/KIR receptors with type 2 diabetes in South India
Authors: Chinniah Rathika , Vijayan Murali , Sivanadham Ramgopal , Ravi Padmamalini , Panneerselvam Dharmarajan , Kannan Arun , Karuppiah Balakrishnan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to delineate the association(s) of KIR–HLA combination in South Indian Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The T2DM patients (n = 343) and healthy controls (n = 309) were genotyped for KIR/HLA ligands by PCR‐SSP method. The increased frequency of activatory KIR (aKIR) 2DS2 (OR = 1.91; p < 2.91 × 10−4) was observed in patients suggesting a susceptible association. The frequencies of iKIR 2DL2 (OR = 0.38; p < 1.55 × 10−5) and aKIRs 2DS1 (OR = 0.60; p < 0.001) and 3DS1 (OR = 0.52; p < 5.83 × 10−5) were decreased in patients suggesting protective associations. The C1/C2 combinatorial analysis has revealed an increased frequency of C1+/C2− in T2DM patients (OR = 1.62; p < 0.014). The KIR “AB” genotype (OR = 2.41; p < 3.87 × 10−5) was observed to be higher in patients. However, the “BB” genotype (OR = 0.32; p < 4.71 × 10−7) was increased in controls. The KIR motifs, “Tel‐B/B” (OR = 1.84; p < 0.007), were observed higher among patients. However, the frequency of “Tel‐A/B” motif genotype was decreased in patients (OR = 0.56; p < 3.13 × 10−4). The iKIR/HLA combinations such as 2DL2/3 +C1 and 3DL2+A3/A11 were increased in patients (OR = 3.90; p < 7.5 × 10−5) suggesting susceptible associations. On the contrary, the aKIR+HLA combinations such as 2DS2+C1, 2DS1+C2 and 3DS1+Bw4 were less frequent in patients (OR = 0.32; p < 4.2 × 10−4) suggesting protective associations. Thus, the present study clearly establishes the positive and negative associations of different KIR–HLA receptor combinations with T2DM in South India.
Multi‐mode resource‐constrained project scheduling using modified variable neighborhood search heuristic
Authors: Chakrabortty Ripon K. , Abbasi Alireza , Ryan Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper aims at providing a fast near‐optimum solution to the multi‐mode resource‐constrained project scheduling problems (MRCPSPs), for projects with activities that have known deterministic renewable and nonrenewable resource requirements. The MRCPSP is known to be nondeterministic polynomial‐time hard and has been solved using various exact, heuristic, and meta‐heuristic procedures. In this paper, a modified variable neighborhood search heuristic algorithm is used as an advanced optimization technique that suits scheduling problems. For the experimental study, we have considered a standard set of 3929 multi‐mode benchmark instances from the project scheduling library with a range of projects comprising 10–30 activities. Moreover, for a better comparison, this research also considers a standard set of 4320 newly developed multi‐mode instances from MMLIB50, MMLIB100, and MMLIB+ datasets. With the limit of 50,000 schedules on these datasets, our proposed algorithm provides better makespan for 106, 34, and 1601 instances, respectively, which justifies the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, particularly for projects with a larger number of activities. The results reported in this paper can be used as a benchmark for other researchers to compare and improve.
Multi‐level, multi‐stage lot‐sizing and scheduling in the flexible flow shop with demand information updating
Authors: Hakeem‐Ur‐Rehman  , Wan Guohua , Zhan Yang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMotivated by a real‐world problem in an automobile manufacturing firm, we study the multi‐level, multi‐stage lot‐sizing and scheduling problem with demand information updating. The objective is to determine the quantities and sequences of production on different production stages to minimize the total costs of production and inventory. We employ the martingale model for forecast evolution to model the evolving demand over time and build a mixed‐integer programing (MIP) model for the problem using a hybrid period approach (i.e., combining micro‐ and macro‐periods). To solve this NP‐hard problem, we propose three heuristic algorithms based on the idea of “relax‐and‐fix” within the rolling horizon framework. We conduct computational experiments to test the performance of the heuristic algorithms as well as compare the performance of the proposed heuristics with the benchmark procedure (truncated procedure for MIP) for both small‐ and large‐scale problem instances. The computational results show that Heuristic 1 performs the best among the three heuristic algorithms.
Crystallization study of rare earth and molybdenum containing nuclear waste glass ceramics
Authors: McCloy John S. , Riley Brian J. , Crum Jarrod , Marcial José , Reiser Joelle T. , Kruska Karen , Peterson Jacob A. , Neuville Daniel R. , Patil Deepak S. , Saleh Muad , Barnsley Kristian E. , Hanna John V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA glass‐ceramic waste form is being developed for immobilization of waste streams of alkali (A), alkaline‐earth (AE), rare earth (RE), and transition metals generated by transuranic extraction for reprocessing of used nuclear fuel. Benefits over an alkali borosilicate waste form are realized by the partitioning of the fission product fraction insoluble in glass into a suite of chemically durable crystalline phases through controlled cooling, including (AE,A,RE)MoO4 (powellite) and (RE,A,AE)10Si6O26 (oxyapatite). In this study, a simplified 8‐oxide system (SiO2‐Nd2O3‐CaO‐Na2O‐B2O3‐Al2O3‐MoO3‐ZrO2) was melted, then soaked at various temperatures from 1450 to 1150°C, and subsequently quenched, in order to obtain snapshots into the phase distribution at these temperatures. For these samples, small angle X‐ray and neutron scattering, quantitative X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance, Nd3+ visible absorption, and temperature‐dependent viscosity were characterized. In this composition, soak temperatures of 1250°C were necessary to nucleate calcium molybdate (~10‐20 nm in diameter). Further cooling produced oxyapatite and total crystallization increased with lower soak temperatures. Both Na and Nd entered the crystalline phases with lower‐temperature soak conditions. Slow cooling or long isothermal treatments at ~975°C produced significantly higher crystal fractions.
Investigating the relationship between success factors and student participation in online and blended learning in adult education
Authors: Blieck Yves , Kauwenberghs Kurt , Zhu Chang , Struyven Katrien , Pynoo Bram , DePryck Koen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOnline and blended learning (OBL) is valued, but it also offers challenges. Literature indicates that OBL can enhance access to education and increase flexibility for students. However, the reported dropout rates indicate that student participation in OBL programmes is a concern. Scientifically valid knowledge about how factors that help students participate in OBL are related to student participation is necessary for quality improvement of OBL. This knowledge can help professionals determine what they need to improve in their institution and how to prioritize those improvements. In this study, we report on the validation of a quality instrument with indicators related to quality dimensions present in quality management frameworks and important success factors that aid student participation in OBL. These success factors are as follows: credibility, transparency, flexibility, accessibility, interactivity, personalization, and productivity. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS‐SEM) method is suitable for validating complex models in studies where predictive accuracy is important. According to adult students, all success factors, except flexibility, are important for aiding OBL participation. Adult students perceive that the quality dimensions of learning activities and student support (related to interactivity) deserve priority in improving participation in OBL in adult education.
Association of sunbed use with skin cancer risk factors in Europe: an investigation within the Euromelanoma skin cancer prevention campaign
Authors: Suppa M. , Gandini S. , Njimi H. , Bulliard J.L. , Correia O. , Duarte A.F. , Peris K. , Stratigos A.J. , Nagore E. , Longo M.I. , Bylaite‐Bucinskiene M. , Karls R. , Helppikangas H. ,   Euromelanoma Working Group,, del Marmol V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionSunbed use has been significantly associated with increased risk of melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), but its relationship with melanoma's risk factors such as high nevus count, atypical nevi and lentigines is poorly studied. Euromelanoma is a skin cancer prevention campaign conducted all over Europe. It offers a once‐a‐year screening during which participants’ data, including sunbed use and phenotype, are collected via questionnaires.ObjectivesTo investigate the association of sunbed use with nevus count, atypical nevi, lentigines and suspicion of skin cancer.MethodsTo ensure reliability of the data, we defined inclusion and exclusion criteria for countries’ eligibility for the risk analysis. Multivariate logistic regression models (including age, gender, education, skin type, family history of melanoma, personal history of skin cancer, any sun exposure and any sunscreen use) were used to calculate summary odds ratios (SORs) of each clinical endpoint for ever sunbed use.ResultsOverall, 227 888 individuals from 30 countries completed the Euromelanoma questionnaire. After the data quality check, 16 countries were eligible for the multivariate analysis, for a total of 145 980 participants (64.8% females; median age 43 years; 62.3% highly educated; 28.5% skin type I–II; 11.0% ever sunbed use). Ever sunbed use was independently associated with nevus count >50 [SOR = 1.05 (1.01–1.10)], atypical nevi [SOR = 1.04 (1.00–1.09)], lentigines [SOR = 1.16 (1.04–1.29)] and suspicion of melanoma [SOR = 1.13 (1.00–1.27)]. Conversely, no significant association was found between ever sunbed use and suspicion of NMSC [SOR = 1.00 (0.91–1.10)].ConclusionsIndoor tanning is significantly associated with well‐recognized risk factors for melanoma (including high nevus count, presence of atypical nevi and lentigines) as well as suspicion of melanoma within the Euromelanoma screenees. In order to reduce the prevalence of melanoma risk factors, avoidance/discontinuation of sunbed use should always be encouraged, especially but not exclusively for individuals with high‐risk phenotypes.
Sunbeds and carcinogenesis: the need for new regulations and restrictions in Europe from the Euromelanoma perspective
Authors: Calzavara‐Pinton P.G. , Arisi M. , Wolf P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExperimental investigations have definitely assessed that ultraviolet A (UVA) as well as ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induce mutagenic DNA photoproducts and other cell damages with a carcinogenic potential. Artificial tanning increases significantly the lifetime risk for basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma particularly in subjects with fair skin type, subjects with a history of skin cancer or frequent childhood sunburn or if exposures took place at an age younger than 18 years. In addition, experimental and clinical evidence indicate that UVA exposure promotes skin photoageing. Therefore we are dealing with a recreational activity (for customers) and a profitable business (for the tanning industry) with human costs, i.e. an increase in morbidity and mortality by skin cancer, and health and social costs leading to an increased expenditure by the European national health systems. In a few European countries, legislation has recently prohibited the use of sunbeds for minors, pregnant women, people with skin cancer or a history of skin cancer and individuals who do not tan or who burn easily from sun exposure. However, this legislation seems to be insufficient from a photobiological perspective, and importantly, it is largely disregarded by consumers and tanning industry. Therefore the Euromelanoma group proposes a new, more stringent regulation for the tanning industry and restrictions for customers, particularly for those individuals with constitutional and anamnestic risk factors. Finally, we ask for an enhanced commitment to increase the awareness of the general population on the risk of artificial tanning.
Overview on vitamin D and sunbed use
Authors: Pierret L. , Suppa M. , Gandini S. , del Marmol V. , Gutermuth J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractVitamin D seems to be associated with a protective effect in a vast range of diseases, including cardiovascular, autoimmune and oncologic conditions. Since ultraviolet (UV) B light is the most important prerequisite for the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D, sunbeds are able to increase serum vitamin D levels, although only transiently in most cases. In this scenario, the artificial tanning industry relentlessly tries to promote the use of sunbeds as a ‘safe’ therapeutic measure to achieve an adequate serum vitamin D status. The World Health Organization classified UV‐emitting tanning devices, as well as the whole UV spectrum, as group‐1 carcinogens, as they significantly increase the risk of melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancer. In case of vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency, the current risk‐benefit ratio is therefore in favour of vitamin D supplementation instead of sunbed use. Artificial tanning devices should never be considered as an option to achieve an appropriate vitamin D status. Their supposedly beneficial effects, vastly publicised by the artificial tanning industry, are not worth the carcinogenic risk associated with sunbed use.
Skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: dynamics in the incidence and clinical predictors for the first and subsequent post‐transplant non‐melanoma skin cancer
Authors: Hartmann J. , Schüler S. , Enk A.H. , Lonsdorf A.S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundRisk factors for primary non‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in organ transplant recipients (OTR) have been well described. Data for subsequent NMSC and dynamics in their occurrence in OTR are limited.ObjectiveTo study long‐term risks of primary and subsequent NMSC and associated risk factors in OTR.MethodsA retrospective single‐centre cohort study analysing medical records from a dermato‐oncological specialty clinic.ResultsOf 464 OTR 110 (23.7%) developed at least one, 73 (15.7%) two and 51 (11%) three NMSC during a median follow‐up of 9.6 years. Cumulative incidences at 5, 10 and 15 years were 14.7%, 23.5% and 34.5% for the first and 75.8%, 86.5% and 93.3% for the second. Median time‐to‐diagnosis declined from 22 years (95% CI 19–25) to 2 years (1–3) and about 1 year (0–2) for the first, second and third NMSC. Risk for subsequent NMSC only partially related to risk factors for the primary NMSC. Histologic type of the first NMSC predicted subtype and time‐to‐diagnosis of the subsequent NMSC.ConclusionsA first post‐transplant NMSC, particularly a SCC, confers a high risk for subsequent NMSC arising with accelerated dynamics. Risk‐adapted dermato‐oncologic surveillance is advisable for all OTR.
Eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori reinfection in Korea: A retrospective study
Authors: Choi Young Kwon , Ahn Ji Yong , Won Sung Hyun , Jung Kyoungwon , Na Hee Kyong , Jung Kee Wook , Kim Do Hoon , Lee Jeong Hoon , Choi Kee Don , Song Ho June , Lee Gin Hyug , Jung Hwoon‐Yong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimGuidelines for selecting the eradication regimen for Helicobacter pylori reinfection remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the eradication rate of H. pylori reinfection in patients with a previous infection successfully eradicated with index triple therapy.MethodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective case–control study. A total of 10 468 H. pylori‐infected patients treated with proton‐pump inhibitor‐based triple eradication therapy at a tertiary medical institution between 2005 and 2016 were enrolled. We reviewed the medical records of the enrolled patients and compared the treatment outcomes in those with H. pylori reinfection after a successful eradication.ResultsHelicobacter pylori infection was successfully eradicated with the index triple therapy in 7770 patients (74.2%). Among 3567 patients followed up for > 1 year, H. pylori reinfection occurred in 420 (11.8%; 3.06% per person‐year) during a median follow‐up of 39.1 months (interquartile range, 23.5–58.7 months). Of these patients, 164 received eradication therapy for reinfection (triple therapy in 102 and quadruple therapy in 62) and had follow‐up data. Triple therapy showed an eradication rate of 78.4% for H. pylori reinfection, which was not significantly different from that of the index triple therapy (P = 0.394). Quadruple therapy for reinfection exhibited a better eradication rate (87.1%) than triple therapy but without statistical significance (P = 0.237).ConclusionsRetreatment with triple therapy for H. pylori reinfection after successful eradication of prior infection showed comparable outcomes to the index triple therapy. Bismuth‐containing quadruple therapy for reinfection tended to have a better eradication rate than did triple therapy.