bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Beef Backgrounding Residual Soil Contaminants by Alum and Biochar Amendments
Authors: Netthisinghe A. M. P. , Cook K. L. , Gilfillen R. A. , Woosley P. B. , Kingery T. , Sistani K. R. 
Published: August 2018

Heavy manure‐derived contamination of soils can make animal congregating areas nonpoint sources for environmental pollution. In situ soil stabilization is a cost‐effective management strategy with a focus on lowering contaminant availability and limiting release to the environment. Soil stabilizing amendments can help mitigate the negative environmental impacts of contaminated soils. In this 2‐yr study, we examined the effects of adding no amendment (control) or treating with alum [Al2 (SO4)3⋅18H2O] or biochar as soil amendments on Mehlich‐3 extractable soil P, Cu, and Zn contents, antimicrobial monensin concentrations, total bacteria (16S ribosomal RNA [rRNA] gene), antibiotic resistance genes (sul1 and ermB), and Class 1 integrons (intI1) in an abandoned beef backgrounding setting. The alum reduced soil P (1374 to 1060 mg kg−1), Cu (7.7 to 3.2 mg kg−1), and Zn (52.4 to 19.6 mg kg−1) contents. Both alum and biochar reduced monesin concentrations (1.8 to 0.7 and 2.1 to 1.1 ng g−1, respectively). All the treatments harbored consistent 16S rRNA concentrations (109 copies g−1) throughout. The ermB gene concentration (105 copies g−1) was lower than either the sul1 or the intI1 genes (106 copies g−1), regardless of treatments. However, concentrations of all genes in the soils of animal congregation areas were higher than those in background soils with the least animal impact. In contrast with the effect on other contaminants, the effect of soil amendments on bacteria with antibiotic resistance genes was not biologically significant. Future research should be directed toward evaluating effective alternative methods to mitigate these bacterial populations.Core Ideas
The abandoned beef backgrounding soils contain high levels of residual contaminants.
Alum effectively reduced environmentally significant soil nutrient concentrations.
Both alum and biochar treatments lowered residual soil monensin concentrations.
The amendment effects on antibiotic‐resistant genes were not biologically significant.
Anomalous Attachment Behavior of Nanoparticles inside Narrow Channels
Authors: Shen Chongyang , Jin Yan , Li Baoguo , Ruckenstein Eli , Shang Jianying , Huang Yuanfang 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
We examined interaction energy for a nanoparticle inside a cylindrical nanochannel.
A non‐monotonic variation of energy barrier with ionic strength exists.
The energy barrier can disappear at all ionic strengths.
A critical ratio of inner channel radius to particle radius exists where transport is most favored.
Attachment of nanoparticles is inhibited inside channels with small thicknesses.
Understanding nanoparticle (NP) attachment inside narrow passages such as the pore throats of porous media and plant and animal tissues is critically important to assess the potential ecological and toxicological impact of NPs. This study investigated the attachment of a NP inside a cylindrical nano‐sized channel with finite wall thickness at various ionic strengths (ISs) by calculating the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (DLVO) interaction energy using a modified surface element integration technique. Results show that there is a critical value of the ratio of the inner channel diameter to NP diameter (RCN) at which the repulsive energy barrier reaches a maximum at a given IS and NP transport is most favored. A non‐monotonic variation of the energy barrier with IS was observed for RCNs smaller than the critical value. The repulsive energy barrier disappears at all ISs when the NP diameter is close to the inner channel diameter, resulting in favorable attachment at primary minima. The attached NP cannot be detached in these cases by a disturbance of system conditions because of increased primary‐minimum depths and accordingly enhanced adhesive forces. For a given RCN, decreasing the channel thickness can increase and decrease the interaction energy barrier and primary‐minimum depth for a NP inside the channel, respectively. Accordingly, NP attachment in primary minima is inhibited whereas transport is favored in channels with thin walls. These theoretical results provide plausible explanations of experimental observations that the retention of colloids in pore throats of porous media via straining is chemically favorable (i.e., no repulsive energy barrier exists) even at very low ISs and irreversible to reduction of the solution IS, and that NPs are favorably attached in narrow passages such as plant tissues and membrane pores.
VIABILITAS SEL EPITEL RONGGA MULUT (KB CELL LINE)YANG DIPAPAR EKSTRAK ETANOL KOPI
Authors: Phyma Agustinus Rudolf , Hutomo Suryani , Suryanto Yanti Ivana , Susilowati Heni 
Published: August 2018

Latar belakang: Kafein merupakan zat yang terkandung dalam kopi, teh,
coklat, dan minuman bersoda. Zat dengan struktur kimia 1, 3, 7- trimethylxanthine ini merupakan derivat yang dikonsumsi hampir oleh seluruh masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Kandungan terbanyak kafein terdapat pada kopi. Penelitianterdahulu melaporkan adanya apoptosis pada osteoblas setelah dipapar kafein. Mengingat tingginya konsumsi kopi di dunia yang mengalami peningkatan 1,2 % per tahun sejak tahun 1980 hingga lebih dari 2 % pada tahun 2010, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek kafein pada epitel rongga mulut yang berkontak
langsung dengan kafein. Pada penelitian ini digunakan sel KB sebagai model epitel oral.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis respon sel epitel rongga mulut terhadap paparan ekstrak etanol kopi ditinjau dari viabilitas sel KB.
Metode: Sel KB (2 x 104 sel) dikultur dalam DMEM pada microplate 96 well overnight sebelum perlakuan. Sel selanjutnya dipapar dengan ekstrak etanol kopi dalam berbagai konsentrasi (50 Ig/ml, 100 Ig/ml, 200 Ig/ml, 400 Ig/ml, 800 Ig/ ml) dan diinkubasi selama 24 jam dalam medium tanpa antibiotik. Sitotoksisitas diukur dengan menggunakan metode MTT assay. Data berupa nilai-nilai densitas optik dianalisis dengan Anava satu jalur
Hasil: Analisis varian satu jalur terhadap nilai-nilai densitas optik pada MTT assay menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada p<0,05. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak etanol kopi mampu menurunkan viabilitas sel KB setelah dipapar selama 24 jam. Analisis LSD juga menunjukkan perbedaan antara semua kelompok perlakuan, yang artinya semakin tinggi konsentrasi semakin rendah viabilitas sel KB yang terpapar.
Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol kopi menyebabkan kematian sel KB. Diperlukan studi lebih lanjut untuk mengklarifkasi tipe kerusakan sel yang diakibatkan oleh kafein.
Kata kunci: kafein, sel KB, viabilitas sel
LAPORAN KASUS KEJADIAN LUAR BIASA LEPTOSPIROSIS DI MAGETAN, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Sanyasi Rosa De Lima Renita 
Published: August 2018

Pendahuluan: Leptospirosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptospira sp. Lepstospirosis banyak dijumpai di negara tropis dan negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Timbulnya atau meningkatnya kejadian kesakitan dan atau kematian yang bermakna secara epidemiologi pada suatu daerah dalam kurun waktu tertentu dan merupakan keadaan yang dapat menjurus pada terjadinya wabah disebut sebagai kejadian luar biasa (KLB). Selama ini belum pernah terdapat kasus leptospirosis yang dijumpai di Magetan, Jawa Timur.
Tujuan: Laporan kasus ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan kronologi KLB leptospirosis di Magetan, Jawa Timur.
Hasil dan Pembahasan: Pasien perempuan berusia 40 tahun datang ke Puskesmas Panekan, Magetan, Jawa Timur dengan keluhan demam sejak 6 hari sebelumnya disertai dengan mual, muntah, nyeri di perut sebelah kanan, nyeri pada kedua betis, sesak nafas, dan mata berubah menjadi berwarna kuning. Pasien menjalani rawat inap di Puskesmas. Dari hasil pemeriksaan darah dan urin, diperoleh leukositosis, peningkatan SGOT, SGPT, alkalin phosphatase, BUN, kreatinin, serta proteinuria dan hematuria. Pada hari kedua rawat inap, pasien mengeluh pandangan menjadi kabur, demam semakin meningkat, buang air kecil semakin sedikit dan disertai rasa nyeri. Pasien dirujuk ke rumah sakit umum daerah, tetapi pasien meninggal pada hari kesembilan dari onset penyakit dan rapid diagnostic test (RDT) belum sempat dilakukan. Kasus ini termasuk dalam kasus suspek leptospirosis. Meskipun belum sempat dilakukan pemeriksaan RDT, Dinas Kesehatan Magetan sepakat menyatakan kasus ini sebagai kasus KLB oleh karena hingga menimbulkan kematian.
Kesimpulan: Kasus ini digolongkan sebagai KLB di Magetan, Jawa Timur oleh karena adanya kematian pada pasien dengan suspek leptospirosis.
Concept of Hematopoietic and Stromal Niches for Cell-Based Diagnostics and Regenerative Medicine (a Review)
Authors: Khlusov Igor A. , Litvinova Larisa S. , Khlusova Marina Yu. , Yurova Kristina A. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
R. Schofield (1978) proposed a hypothesis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) niche
(specialized cell microenvironment). An existence of osteoblastic and vascular niches for HSCs has been postulated
since 2003. At the same time, the discussion about the existence and functioning of niche for multipotent
mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSCs) is just beginning to develop. The design of artificial materials capable of
biomimetical reproductionof the cellular and tissue microenvironment based on ideas and main elements borrowed
from wildlife is an experimental approach in search of the stem cell niches.

Results:
Recent attempts to model the microterritories (niches) for HSCs have been undertaken and the behavior
of cells in such structures has been investigated. However, the main quantitative factors involved in the original
design of stem cell microterritories remain unknown. At the modern stage, the topography, hierarchy, and the size
of the niches have to be determined, because the definition of the niches as morphological (structural and functional)
units (microterritories), which provides the conditions for vital activity of stem cells, implies finite values
of its parameters. The aim of this review was the critical review of key milestones of the niche concept for HSCs
and MMSCs as we understood it.

Conclusion:
We speculated our definition of the stem cell niche, proposed and described certain stages (postulation;
morphofunctional; topographical; quantitative; bioengineering) of the niche theory development. Prospective
directions of the niche designing for cell-based diagnostics and regenerative medicine were noted.
Blood Biomarkers for the Differentiation of Cardiac Ischemic Stroke Subtypes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pathak Abhishek , Pandey Surya P. , Madhukar Prasoon , Dev Priya , Joshi Deepika , Mishra Vijay N. , Chaurasia Rameshwar N. 
Published: August 2018

Background:
Blood biomarkers are a cost-effective and valid method to diagnose
ischemic stroke and differentiate its subtypes in countries with poor resources.

Objective:
To perform a systematic review of published literature evaluating the diagnostic utility
of blood-based biomarkers to diagnose and differentiate the etiology of ischemic stroke.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was carried out till December 2017 in major scientific
and medical databases including PubMed, Cochrane, OVID and Google Scholar. Modified Quality
Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies questionnaire was used to assess the methodological
quality of each study.

Results:
Twenty-six studies were identified relevant to our systematic review. Various biomarkers
have been studied, though only a few biomarkers such as a B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and Ddimer
have proved their clinical utility. None of the other tested biomarkers appeared to have
consistent results to diagnose ischemic stroke subtypes. Most of the studies had limitations in the
classification of ischemic stroke, sample size, sample collection time, methods, biomarker selection
and data analysis.

Conclusion:
Our systematic review does not recommend the use of any blood biomarker for
clinical purposes based on the studies conducted to date. BNP and D-dimer may present optimal
biomarker for diagnosis and differentiation of ischemic stroke. However, large well-designed
clinical studies are required to validate utility of these biomarkers to differentiate subtypes of
ischemic stroke.
Food Web Analysis of Jordanelle Reservoir, Utah, USA: Where Do All the Rainbows Go?
Authors: Verde Joshua A. , Belk Mark C. 
Published: August 2018

Background:Reservoir communities in the intermountain west are typically dominated by a mix of introduced fishes. Due to the non-coevolved interactions present in these communities, energy flow and trophic interactions may not facilitate optimal growth and survival for all species. It is difficult to predict how well each species will survive in such novel communities. One such community is in Jordanelle Reservoir in northern Utah, USA. Recently, low survival and recruitment of stocked rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) have been observed in Jordanelle Reservoir.Objective:We characterize the food web structure of the fish community in Jordanelle reservoir to infer competitive or predatory interactions that might lead to a poor return of stocked rainbow trout.Methods:We performed a stable isotope analysis on the fish community in Jordanelle Reservoir and carried out niche space analyses using the software package Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipse (SIBER) in R.Results:Small rainbow trout exhibit high competitive overlap with brown trout (Salmo trutta), smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). In addition, large brown trout and large smallmouth bass may feed heavily on small rainbow trout.Conclusion:Food web analysis suggests that rainbow trout encounter a highly competitive and potentially high predation environment in Jordanelle reservoir, leading to observed low return rates.
Features of the development of an innovative enterprise with the support of the Innovation Support Fund
Authors: Ponomarev V. A. , Petrov M. V. 
Published: August 2018

The tendencies and prospects for the development of small innovative enterprises and the issues of state support for such organizations on a concrete example are considered.The financial and personnel data on the development of the enterprise are reflected, reflecting on the development of the enterprise. The difficulties encountered by the organization in carrying out R & D to expand the range of products are described. The ways of solution are suggested. The analysis of the programs of the Innovation Support Fund is conducted and the mechanism of participation in these programs is shown. The financial conditions for the transition of small innovative enterprises from state support to self-financing are considered. An approximate sales calculation for this transition has been made. Prospects for the development of small innovative enterprises, taking into account the available forms for state support, and the rationale for the need to adjust their activities are presented. The results obtained during the research allow them to be applied by many small innovative enterprises in the development of the electronic component base, as well as in other industries for building a successful innovative business. The proposed model of building a business with government support removes barriers to the development of small innovative enterprises, which will contribute to the accelerated socio-economic development of the country.
Estratégias Lexicométricas para Detetar Especificidades Textuais
Authors: Iriarte Sanromán Álvaro , Gamallo Otero Pablo , Simões Alberto 
Published: August 2018

Neste artigo propomo-nos a definir e desenvolver uma estratégia automática para procurar especificidades lexicais dentro de conjuntos de textos utilizando unidades lexicais simples e expressões com várias palavras, ou termos multipalavra (MWE, a sua sigla em inglês).
Propomos uma metodologia para o cálculo da divergência de distribuições de lemas e de MWE que permitirá encontrar, automaticamente, diferenças e semelhanças entre textos não anotados. Esta metodologia poderá ser utilizada para posteriormente identificar grupos de textos sobre os quais se procederá a análises quantitativas e qualitativas semiautomáticas e/ou com intervenção humana.
Num primeiro teste, utilizamos dois textos de especialidade (da área da pediatria) e um texto literário, presumindo que os textos de especialidade deveriam apresentar maiores divergências relativamente ao texto literário do que entre eles próprios. Como os testes feitos mostraram a tendência esperada, decidimos aplicar a mesma metodologia a um segundo grupo de textos (três conjuntos de entrevistas a visitantes da cidade de Santiago de Compostela).
PLN.pt: Processamento de Linguagem Natural para Português como um Serviço
Authors: Carvalho Nuno Ramos , Simões Alberto 
Published: August 2018

As técnicas da área de Processamento de Linguagem Natural (PLN) são cada vez mais utilizadas para enriquecer aplicações nas mais diversas áreas. As ferramentas que implementam ou apoiam o desenvolvimento destas técnicas podem ser complexas de manter e explorar, sendo por vezes necessário conhecimento específico do domínio.
Este artigo introduz o projeto PLN.PT, uma plataforma online que disponibiliza um conjunto de ferramentas para PLN como um serviço web (REST API), orientado principalmente para a língua portuguesa.
Students’ motivational factors and engagement strategies in constructivist- based blended learning environments
Authors: Machumu Haruni , Zhu Chang , Almasi Mustapha 
Published: August 2018

Student motivation to learn is an essential component for the design, development and implementation of technology-mediated learning environments. Engagement learning strategies have been devised to assist students as they learn in a constructivist-based blended learning environment (CBLE). This study investigates the relationship between students’ motivational factors and their engagement learning strategies in a CBLE in Tanzanian Universities. Specifically, the study examines a) student motivational factors to learn, b) gender differences in motivational factors, and c) relates motivational factors with students’ engagement learning strategies. The study is built on theoretical foundations of engagement learning and constructivist-based blended learning. We used a self-report student motivational factors and engagement learning strategies survey (SMFELSs) to obtain data from 1010 undergraduate students from three universities. The results indicate that students are positively motivated to learn in CBLE. Our results also reveal that there is a statistically significant correlation between motivational factors and students’ engagement learning strategies. The results, on the one hand, enhance our understanding of students’ moti- vational factors to learn in a CBLE, and on the other hand expand knowledge on which student engagement learning strategies should be adopted and implemented in the context of challeng- ing learning environments. Furthermore, the results are important for instructional designers, university teachers and curriculum developers. Our study further helps to improve the design of blended learning courses, constructivist learning environment and learning activities concerning students’ motivational factors and engagement learning strategies.
Key words: motivational factors, constructivist-based learning, blended learning environment, engagement strategies, learning
Teaching, social, and cognitive presences and their relations to students’ characteristics and academic performance in blended learning courses in a Tanzanian University
Authors: Almasi Mustapha , Zhu Chang , Machumu Haruni 
Published: August 2018

This study examines teaching, social, and cognitive presences in relation to students’ academic performance in blended learning courses in a Tanzanian university. The study involved 353 stu- dents and examined several aspects of blended learning including face-to-face lectures, online and offline group assignments, online feedback, discussions, and online messaging via Moodle. A community of inquiry survey was used to measure students’ perceptions of teaching, social, and cognitive presences. Performance scores consisted of students’ coursework and final exami- nation grades. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the reported scores of teaching, cognitive, and social presences based on gender and age groups. Students with more advanced ICT skills reported higher teaching, social, and cognitive presences. Reported teaching presence was significantly different among the blended learning courses. Teaching, social, and cognitive presences showed a positive correlation with each other. The conclusion shows that although positively correlated, social and cognitive presences were not predictors of students’ performance; however, ICT skills were important in the studied courses.
Key words: teaching presence, social presence, cognitive presence, academic performance, blended learning
Intersections of gender and age in accessing River Basin Resources in Tanzania: a comparative analysis of fishing and agro-pastoralist communities in rural areas of Tanzania
Authors: Shitima Christina M. 
Published: August 2018

This paper applies intersectionality theories to investigate how informal social relations factors in terms of age and gender interact to affect people’s access to river basin resources (RBR) in Tanzania. Access to RBR is defined as practical rights to use RBR and benefits that are accrued from the use of RBR. Data were collected from a survey conducted among households living along the Kilombero River in Tanzania. Three villages that differ in cultural backgrounds i.e. a fishing community, an agro-pastoralist community and a village with people from multi-cultural groups were included in the survey. A multivariate probit model is used to determine access in terms of practical rights to use RBR, and a generalized ordered logit model is used to determine access in terms of benefits from the use of RBR. Findings show that both practical rights to use RBR and benefits from the use of resources are highly gendered, though their impact differs according to age groups and cultural groups. One common feature in all cultural groups is that the norms that deny women rights to use RBR result in a gendered distribution of labour, especially when access to RBR leads to income-generating activities. The findings also highlight that women are less likely to benefit from the use of resources. Within a single cultural group, a fishing community, the study found that benefits from the use of RBR vary according to age. In line with intersectionality theories, we conclude that, both men and women are heterogeneous groups in societies. While it is generally perceived that women in rural areas are the victims of norms that deny their development, this is not the case for all women. Findings also reveal the importance of distinguishing between practical rights to use resources and benefits derived from their use.
Key words: River Basins Resources, access to river basin resources, practical rights to use resources, ability to benefit from resources, gender, intersectionality