bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Husbands’ participation in birth preparedness and complication readiness and associated factors in Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Minyahil , Boltena Andualem T. , Asamoah Benedict O. 
Published: April 2018

Background: The poor emphasis on the role of husbands in birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a major factor that should be addressed in tackling maternal mortality.Aim: To assess the level of husbands’ participation in BPCR and associated factors.Setting: Wolaita Sodo town, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 608 husbands of pregnant women and nursing mothers. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for the analysis.Results: Forty-five per cent of husbands studied had poor participation in BPCR. Out of the total husbands studied, 40% (235) did not identify transportation, 49% (291) did not accompany their wives to antenatal care (ANC) clinic, 59% (350) did not identify skilled birth attendant, 26% (155) did not identify health facility for delivery and 30% (179) did not save money for emergency. Only 42% (250) of husbands had awareness of emergency conditions, while 75% (444) did not make postpartum plan. Husbands who knew the place of birth of the baby [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 7.23; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.98–17.54] and those who discussed with their wives about birth preparedness (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.37–3.02) were significantly more likely to participate in BPCR compared to those who did not.Conclusion: Participation of husbands in BPCR was poor in the study area. The level of participation in relation to selection of service provider and health facility, financial and transportation planning for delivery and identifying blood donor needs attention to achieve better husband participation in BPCR.
Factors influencing regular physical exercise among the elderly in residential care facilities in a South African health district
Authors: Aro Abiodun A. , Agbo Sam , Omole Olufemi B. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Physical exercise plays an important role in healthy ageing, but the elderly do not engage in it regularly.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we sampled 139 residents of residential care facility. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on participants’ demography, health problems, nature, motivators and barriers to exercise. Chi-square test examined the relationship between participants’ characteristics and their engagement in regular exercise.Results: Of the 139 participants, the majority were females (71.9%), white people (82.7%), aged 70 years or more (70.5%), had at least one health problem (85.6%) and were overweight or obese (60.4%). Approximately 89.2% engaged in some form of physical activities but only 50.3% reported engaging regularly. Participant’s knowledge of the benefits of regular physical activities, opportunities to socialise, encouragement by health care workers and availability of exercise facilities and trainers promote regular physical exercise. Barriers to regular exercise included poor health status, lack of knowledge of the benefits of regular physical activities, lack of opportunities to socialise, lack of encouragement by health care workers and unavailability of exercise facilities and trainers. Factors that predicted exercise were age 60–69 years (p = 0.02), being Afrikaans speaking (p = 0.04) and completing high school (p = 0.03).Conclusion: A significant proportion of the elderly do not engage in regular physical exercise, and this behaviour is influenced by personal health status and systems-related motivators and barriers.
What are the indicators of a successful business rescue in South Africa? Ask the business rescue practitioners
Authors: Conradie Shaneen , Lamprecht Christiaan 
Published: April 2018

Background: Business rescue, in terms of Chapter 6 of the Companies Act No 71 of 2008, is still relatively new to the South African business environment. The need for a successful business rescue regime is beyond doubt. However, a consistent manner to measure the success of the regime has not been determined. Previous research into possible indicators of business rescue success was based on a review of international business rescue regimes that share the same underlying philosophy as the South African business rescue regime. Aim and Setting: This study extends previous research efforts by soliciting the opinions of 16 South African, senior business rescue practitioners on the indicators of business rescue success. Method: The researchers used a qualitative research approach. The Delphi research technique was used to gather qualitative and quantitative empirical data from business rescue practitioners. Results: The experts reached a high level of consensus on various indicators of a successful business rescue. Most notable are that business rescue should save as many jobs as possible and that the actual outcome should be compared to that estimated in the business rescue plan. A novel indicator of success is the business rescue points saved or rescued, when using the public interest score. Conclusion: The study makes a valuable contribution to the debate on what constitutes a successful business rescue by adding the considered opinion on indicators of success by one group of experts in the field of business rescue, namely senior business rescue practitioners.
The association between asymptomatic and mild neurocognitive impairment and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Awori Violet , Mativo Peter , Yonga Gerald , Shah Reena C. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Asymptomatic cognitive impairment in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients has recently been recognised as part of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. This has been implicated as one of the causes of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).Objective: To assess the association between neurocognitive impairment (asymptomatic and mild forms) and adherence to ART.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey involving 218 participants consecutively sampled from those attending the HIV treatment clinic at Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi. Data collected included quantitative primary data on pre-defined baseline characteristics, neurocognitive assessment by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tool (Appendix 1), instrumental activities of daily living by Lawton score and objective and subjective adherence measures by medication possession ratio (MPR) and simplified medication adherence questionnaire (SMAQ) (see Appendix 2). Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to determine the strengths of association between predictor and the outcome variables.Results: Among the 218 participants in the study, a total of 69% had asymptomatic to mild neurocognitive impairment as assessed by the MoCA tool, while a total of 66% were determined as being adherent to ART by objective measures (by MPR) compared to subjective rates of 77% as assessed by SMAQ. However, no statistically significant association was observed between the presence of asymptomatic or mild neurocognitive impairment and likelihood of adherence to ART (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Even though asymptomatic and mild forms of cognitive impairment are prevalent in the population studied, there was no significant association between cognitive impairment and adherence to treatment.
Integration of social media with healthcare big data for improved service delivery
Authors: Mgudlwa Sibulela , Iyamu Tiko 
Published: April 2018

Background: In the last decade, social media users across the world have crossed 1 billion, making it one of the fastest growing sources of big data. Also, people needing healthcare continue to increase in every society. Through accessibility, communication and interaction between health practitioners and patients, this type of ever-growing, social media subscriber–based platform can be of significant use in improving healthcare delivery to society. However, users encounter serious challenges in their attempts to make use of social media and big data for health-related services. The challenges are primarily caused by factors such as integration, complexity, security and privacy. The challenges are mainly owing to the sensitive nature of the healthcare environment, as a result of personalisation and privacy of information. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to examine and gain a better understanding of the complexities that are associated with the use of social media and healthcare big data, through influencing factors, and to develop a framework that can be used to improve health-related services to the patients. Methods: The interpretivist approach was employed, within which qualitative data were collected. This included documents and existing literature in the areas of social media and healthcare big data. To have a good spread of both previous and current state of events within the phenomena being studied, literature published between 2006 and 2016 were gathered. The data were interpretively analysed. Results: Based on the analysis of the data, factors of influence were found, which were used to develop a model. The model illustrates how the factors of influence can enable and at the same time constrain the use of social media for healthcare services. The factors were interpreted from which a framework was developed. The framework is intended to guide integration of social media with healthcare big data through which service delivery to patients can be improved. Conclusion: This study can be used to guide integration of social media with healthcare big data by health facilities in the communities. The study contributes to healthcare workers’ awareness on how social media can possibly be used to improve the services that they provide to the needy. Also, the study will benefit information systems and technologies and academic domains, particularly from the health services’ perspective.
Augmented Reality-Assisted Single-Incision Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy
Authors: Lin Mao-Sheng , Wu Jungle Chi-Hsiang , Wu Hurng-Sheng , Liu Jack Kai-Che 
Published: April 2018

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate augmented reality-assisted single-incision laparoscopic adrenalectomy (AR-SILA) and compare with pure SILA.

Materials and Methods:
Between January 2009 and March 2012, a total of 19 patients had received SILA. Eight cases were AR-SILA and the others were pure SILA.

Results:
Eight AR-SILA procedures and 11 SILA were successfully completed. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index, and tumor size. Operative times were shorter in the AR-SILA group (102.5 ± 12.8 vs. 150.9 ± 46.3, P = 0.005). The mean blood loss in the AR-SILA group was slightly less than that in the SILA group (60.0 ± 25.6 vs. 109.1 ± 80.1, P = 0.129). There was neither postoperative mortality nor morbidity at the time of discharge and during follow-up.

Conclusion:
AR-SILA provides important intraoperative information for surgeons to recognize where the pathological lesions and vessels are located beyond the surgeon's direct vision. It made SILA safer and easier.
Middle atmospheric ozone, nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen trioxide in 2002–2011: SD-WACCM simulations compared to GOMOS observations
Authors: Kyrölä Erkki , Andersson Monika E. , Verronen Pekka T. , Laine Marko , Tukiainen Simo , Marsh Daniel R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Most of our understanding of the atmosphere is based on observations and their comparison with model simulations. In middle atmosphere studies it is common practice to use an approach, where the model dynamics are at least partly based on temperature and wind fields from an external meteorological model. In this work we test how closely satellite measurements of a few central trace gases agree with this kind of model simulation. We use collocated vertical profiles where each satellite measurement is compared to the closest model data. We compare profiles and distributions of O3, NO2 and NO3 from the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars instrument (GOMOS) on the Envisat satellite with simulations by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). GOMOS measurements are from nighttime. Our comparisons show that in the stratosphere outside the polar regions differences in ozone between WACCM and GOMOS are small, between 0 and 6%. The correlation of 5-day time series show a very high 0.9–0.95. In the tropical region 10° S–10° N below 10 hPa WACCM values are up to 20 % larger than GOMOS. In the Arctic below 6 hPa WACCM ozone values are up to 20 % larger than GOMOS. In the mesosphere between 0.04 and 1 hPa the WACCM is at most 20 % smaller than GOMOS. Above the ozone minimum at 0.01 hPa (or 80 km) large differences are found between WACCM and GOMOS. The correlation can still be high, but at the second ozone peak the correlation falls strongly and the ozone abundance from WACCM is about 60 % smaller than that from GOMOS. The total ozone columns (above 50 hPa) of GOMOS and WACCM agree within ±2 % except in the Arctic where WACCM is 10 % larger than GOMOS. Outside the polar areas and in the validity region of GOMOS NO2 measurements (0.3–37 hPa) WACCM and GOMOS NO2 agree within −5 to +25 % and the correlation is high (0.7–0.95) except in the upper stratosphere at the southern latitudes. In the polar areas, where solar particle precipitation and downward transport from the thermosphere enhance NO2 abundance, large differences up to −90 % are found between WACCM and GOMOS NO2 and the correlation varies between 0.3 and 0.9. For NO3, we find that the WACCM and GOMOS difference is between −20 and 5 % with a very high correlation of 0.7–0.95. We show that NO3 values strongly depend on temperature and the dependency can be fitted by the exponential function of temperature. The ratio of NO3 to O3 from WACCM and GOMOS closely follow the prediction from the equilibrium chemical theory. Abrupt temperature increases from sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are reflected as sudden enhancements of WACCM and GOMOS NO3 values.
An assessment of aerosol optical properties from remote-sensing observations and regional chemistry–climate coupled models over Europe
Authors: Palacios-Peña Laura , Baró Rocío , Baklanov Alexander , Balzarini Alessandra , Brunner Dominik , Forkel Renate , Hirtl Marcus , Honzak Luka , López-Romero José María , Montávez Juan Pedro , Pérez Juan Luis , Pirovano Guido , San José Roberto , Schröder Wolfram , Werhahn Johannes , Wolke Ralf , Žabkar Rahela , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols modify the radiative budget of the Earth due to their optical, microphysical and chemical properties, and are considered one of the most uncertain climate forcing agents. In order to characterise the uncertainties associated with satellite and modelling approaches to represent aerosol optical properties, mainly aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Ångström exponent (AE), their representation by different remote-sensing sensors and regional online coupled chemistry–climate models over Europe are evaluated. This work also characterises whether the inclusion of aerosol–radiation (ARI) or/and aerosol–cloud interactions (ACI) help improve the skills of modelling outputs.Two case studies were selected within the EuMetChem COST Action ES1004 framework when important aerosol episodes in 2010 all over Europe took place: a Russian wildfire episode and a Saharan desert dust outbreak that covered most of the Mediterranean Sea. The model data came from different regional air-quality–climate simulations performed by working group 2 of EuMetChem, which differed according to whether ARI or ACI was included or not. The remote-sensing data came from three different sensors: MODIS, OMI and SeaWIFS. The evaluation used classical statistical metrics to first compare satellite data versus the ground-based instrument network (AERONET) and then to evaluate model versus the observational data (both satellite and ground-based data).Regarding the uncertainty in the satellite representation of AOD, MODIS presented the best agreement with the AERONET observations compared to other satellite AOD observations. The differences found between remote-sensing sensors highlighted the uncertainty in the observations, which have to be taken into account when evaluating models. When modelling results were considered, a common trend for underestimating high AOD levels was observed. For the AE, models tended to underestimate its variability, except when considering a sectional approach in the aerosol representation. The modelling results showed better skills when ARI+ACI interactions were included; hence this improvement in the representation of AOD (above 30 % in the model error) and AE (between 20 and 75 %) is important to provide a better description of aerosol–radiation–cloud interactions in regional climate models.
Characterizing the nature and variability of avalanche hazard in western Canada
Authors: Shandro Bret , Haegeli Pascal 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The snow and avalanche climate types maritime, continental and transitional are well established and have been used extensively to characterize the general nature of avalanche hazard at a location, study inter-seasonal and large-scale spatial variabilities and provide context for the design of avalanche safety operations. While researchers and practitioners have an experience-based understanding of the avalanche hazard associated with the three climate types, no studies have described the hazard character of an avalanche climate in detail. Since the 2009/2010 winter, the consistent use of Statham et al. (2017) conceptual model of avalanche hazard in public avalanche bulletins in Canada has created a new quantitative record of avalanche hazard that offers novel opportunities for addressing this knowledge gap. We identified typical daily avalanche hazard situations using self-organizing maps (SOMs) and then calculated seasonal prevalence values of these situations. This approach produces a concise characterization that is conducive to statistical analyses, but still provides a comprehensive picture that is informative for avalanche risk management due to its link to avalanche problem types. Hazard situation prevalence values for individual seasons, elevations bands and forecast regions provide unprecedented insight into the inter-seasonal and spatial variability of avalanche hazard in western Canada.
Who Are You Calling a Hackney Twat? Gender and Stigma in Media Representation
Authors: Athill Charles Nicholas 
Published: April 2018

This article explores attitudes in the United Kingdom towards male dress, grooming and lifestyle choices, in relation to concepts and accusations of pretentiousness. Taking the recent and broadly defined phenomenon, the ‘hipster’, as a case study, I analyse discourse in the last decade from a range of media that feature hipsterism. Nearly all media coverage of hipsters has focused on men, reflecting gendered cultural prejudices about styles that require a certain level of both cultivation and maintenance. I investigate how parody conveys cultural distaste, which I contend, mask anxieties about the subversion of norms regarding gender and class. I consider the question of classification with regard to hipsters and the role of stereotyping. By drawing on Dan Fox’s (2016) defence of pretentiousness as a catalyst of cultural innovation, I consider taste in relation to authenticity and pretentiousness with regard to what is represented as male hipster adornment. I propose that while attitudes to gender and class have been reformulated, media critique of styles labelled as pretentious reveals entrenched, if repackaged, cultural prejudices and insecurities.
Determinação dos níveis de malonaldeído e nitrito em indivíduos portadores de traço falciforme
Authors: Pires Lúcio Fernandes , Lima do Nascimento Jouse , Mendes de Freitas Rivelilson , Pinheiro Gonçalves Romélia 
Published: April 2018

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">Introdução: Pacientes com traço falciforme são frequentemente expostos a estresse oxidativo devido ao aumento da produção de </span></span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">espécies reativas derivadas do oxigênio. A doença também pode ser caracterizada pelo aumento dos níveis plasmáticos de produtos </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">da peroxidação lipídica e do consumo de óxido nítrico. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi delinear o perfil epidemiológico e </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">comparar as alterações plasmáticas dos parâmetros oxidativos (nitrito e malonaldeído (MDA)) entre portadores do traço falciforme e </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">pacientes com perfil de hemoglobina normal. Metodologia: Foram colhidas 70 amostras, sendo 50 de portadores do traço falciforme </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">(Grupo Hb AS) e 20 do grupo controle (Grupo Hb AA). Para a confirmação do diagnóstico laboratorial, as amostras de sangue foram </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">submetidas ao procedimento eletroforético em pH alcalino e ao teste de solubilidade. O método empregado para determinar a </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">peroxidação lipídica foi baseado na sua reação com ácido tiobarbitúrico e para mensurar o conteúdo de nitrito foi usado o método </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">de GREEN. Resultados: O grupo Hb AS (0,24 ± 0,02) apresentou valor médio dos níveis séricos de MDA semelhante ao grupo Hb AA </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">(0,20 ± 0,02; p=0,3138). Em relação aos níveis séricos de nitrito, verificou-se um aumento de 92% no grupo Hb AS (4,6 ± 0,33) quando </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">comparado ao grupo Hb AA (2,4 ± 0,22; p<0,0009). Conclusão: Em suma, o perfil desses portadores do traço falciforme atendidos </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">é de mulheres jovens, com baixa escolaridade, casadas e que não exercem atividade remunerada. Considerando os parâmetros </span><span style="line-height: 24px; font-size: medium;">oxidativos, os pacientes com traço falciforme apresentam níveis mais elevados de nitrito plasmático.</span></p>
A Percepção De Alunos De Cursos De Graduação Em Ciências Contábeis Sobre A Carga Tributária No Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Ismael , Ávila Lucimar Antônio Cabral de , Malaquias Rodrigo Fernandes 
Published: April 2018

<p>O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi comparar a percepção dos alunos ingressantes e concluintes do curso de Ciências Contábeis, em relação à carga tributária no Brasil. Para tanto, foi utilizado um questionário tipo <em>survey</em>, aplicado aos alunos dos três períodos iniciais e finais dos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis localizados em dois <em>campi </em>de uma universidade pública no interior de Minas Gerais. Para o tratamento dos dados, foram utilizados os testes de normalidade de <em>Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S)</em>, de <em>Shapiro-Wilk (S-W</em>), e <em>Mann-Whitney</em>. Os resultados indicaram que os alunos iniciantes quanto os concluintes tiveram uma percepção similar sobre o sistema tributário brasileiro, e que apesar de ser pequena a diferença entre iniciantes e concluintes, os concluintes mostraram conhecimento maior sobre o assunto abordado, fato que contraria os achados do estudo anterior de Curcino, Ávila e Malaquias (2013), onde a condição de concluinte não conferiu aos discentes maiores conhecimentos do que aos iniciantes.</p><p> </p>