bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geoecological Situation in Land Use
Authors: Samoilenko Viktor , Dibrova Ivan 
Published: September 2019

The principles for the construction of the scale of geoecological situation in land use were substantiated. This situation is based on the parameter of landscape anthropization extent. The parameter was called a geosituation index. Such index is the area proportion for geoecological positive (or geo-positive) and geoecological negative (or geo-negative) land use and/or land cover (LULC) systems. The first systems are still called in essence nature-accentuated, near-to-nature or simply natural systems. Percents of geo-positive LULC systems' area are also used as a separate parameter additional to the geosituation index. The scale of geosituation concerning land use in model landscapes or other territorial units was developed. Such scale for the first time has the logic-parametric consistency with previously developed scheme of the landscape anthropization extent. The geosituation is classified in the scale by categories. They vary from excessively favorable to catastrophic category. The developed geosituation scale was implemented for the selected megaregion. It includes Ukrainian physic-geographic zones of mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe and their regions, areas and districts. The digital choropleths were modeled for the geosituation in land use in the areas and districts. The all obtained results indicated the validity and further implementation suitability of proposed geosituation indexes and their scale. The developed approaches can be applied in the territorial schemes and projects of modern environmental management. Keywords: land use, anthropization, landscape, geoecological situation, near-to-nature systems
The Effect of Two Bulk-Fill Resin Composites on Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: ÜSTÜN Özlem , GÜÇLÜER Öznur 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this
study was to compare the effect of two commercially available bulk-fill
restorative materials on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated
human molar teeth.

Materials and methods: A total of 44 mandibular third
molar were divided into four groups: Group
1; 4 mm thick bulk-fill fluid composite (SDR ™, Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany)
was applied to the cavities. The restoration of the proximal walls and the
occlusal region was completed with posterior composite (Valux Plus, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA).
Group 2; 4 mm thick fiber-resin reinforced bulk-fill composite (EverX
Posterior; GC Corp., Japan) was placed in the cavities and the procedure in
Group 1 was repeated. Group 3 (negative
control group); no restoration was applied to the cavities. Group 4 (positive
control group); comprised intact molar teeth without any treatment. The
root canals were shaped using rotary instruments, irrigated with NaOCl, and
obturated. All samples were incubated
in distilled water at 37˚C for 1 week and then fracture strength test was
performed. The values were recorded in Newton and the data were evaluated using Kruskal Wallis and
Mann-Whitney U test.

Results: No
statistically significant difference (p &gt;0.05 ) was observed between group 1, 2, and the positive
control group. However, the bulk-fill fluid composite material showed higher
fracture resistance than the fiber-resin reinforced composite material (p&lt;0.05). The highest fracture resistance was observed in the
positive control group. The fracture resistance of the negative control group
was statistically lower than the other groups (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusions: Both
of the bulk-fill restorative materials in
endodontically treated teeth showed similar fracture resistance to intact
teeth. In addition, the clinical use of the bulk-fill fluid composites may be
recommended because of their high fracture resistance and ease of application.
Effect of Capital Structure on Financial Performance of Listed Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Adeoye Sunday David , Olojede Samson Olusola 
Published: September 2019

Corporate entities all over the world are faced with the problem of determining appropriate finance that will boost the value of the entity and maximize the wealth of shareholders. However, for overall wealth of shareholders to be met and consistent increase in value of Banks to be achievable, capital either debt in form of customers deposit or equity capital raised from investors is inevitable. This study therefore examined the effect of capital structure on the performance of some selected banks in Nigeria. The objectives were to examine the relationship that exists between capital structure and financial performance and to investigate the effect of capital structure on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria.
To achieve these, a cross sectional time series secondary data covering the period of seven years (2012-2018) was extracted from the audited financial statement of ten (10) banks listed on the floor of stock exchange. The descriptive statistics, Pearson moment correlation and multiple linear regressions were used.
The correlation results showed that capital structure is negatively correlated with financial performance (ROA and ROE). Result from panel regression revealed that debt to equity though significant, impacted negatively on return on assets and return on equity , asset tangibility significantly impacted return on asset but insignificantly impacted return on shareholder’s equity and also Age have a significant impact on return on asset and insignificant effect on return on equity .
This study therefore concluded that capital structure have a negative effect on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria and recommended that appropriate proportion of capital should be tailored towards viable investment opportunities for maximum return of shareholders wealth and increase in value of the firm. More so, while finance manager is alert to the movement in the stock market, banks should take precautionary measures for mitigating credit risk associated with lending and borrowing.
Variation of Growth and Yield of Boro Rice Influenced by Transplanting Method and Gypsum Rate in the Salinity Affected Area of Noakhali in Bangladesh
Authors: Alim S. M. A. , Kader M. A. , Islam M. A. , Akram S. , Rouf M. A. , Rana M. S. 
Published: September 2019

Field experiment was carried out in Moddhochar Jabbar of Noakhali, Bangladesh during Boro season (December-April) 2018 to investigate the ameliorative effect of application of gypsum and transplanting method on the yield of BRRI dhan28 (V1) and BINAdhan-10 (V2)under salinity stress. The experiment comprised 3 factors; Transplanting method, Variety and Gypsum. This variety was evaluated under two transplanting methods i.e., Furrow transplanting (T1) and Conventional transplanting (T2) and four levels of gypsum with control G0: control, G1: 50 kg ha-1,G2: 100 kg ha-1 and G3: 150 kg ha-1 .The experiment was laid out in a Latin Square Design (LSD) with three replications. Salinity level had significant negative effect on plant characters and yield of rice. Gypsum (@ 150 kg/ha) exerted positive significant effect on most of the plant parameters except number of non-effective tillers. Furrow transplanting method (T1) had positive significant effect on most of the plant parameters except panicle length and harvest index. Binadhan-10 shows better performance than BRRI dhan28 in case of yield and all yield contributing characters in the prevailing condition. The highest grain yield (6.63 t ha-1) found from T1V2G3 (combination of furrow transplanting method, Binadhan-10 and gypsum @ 150 kg/ha) and lowest (4.26 t ha-1) inT2V1G0 (combination of conventional transplanting method, BRRI dhan28 and gypsum @ 0 kg ha-1). It was calculated that the straw yield highest (8.14 t ha-1) in T1V2G2 (combination of furrow transplanting method, Binadhan-10 and gypsum @ 100 kg/ha) and lowest (5.61 t ha-1) in T2V1G0 (combination of conventional transplanting method, BRRI dhan28 and gypsum @ 0 kg/ha).
Simultaneously Boosting the Ionic Conductivity and Mechanical Strength of Polymer Gel Electrolyte Membranes by Confining Ionic Liquids into Hollow Silica Nanocavities
Authors: Thapaliya Bishnu P. , Do‐Thanh Chi‐Linh , Jafta Charl J. , Tao Runming , Lyu Hailong , Borisevich Albina Y. , Yang Shi‐ze , Sun Xiao‐Guang , Dai Sheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA central problem of solid polymer electrolytes is their inability to achieve robust mechanical strength with fast ionic conductivities required for commercialization of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). At present, state‐of‐the‐art offers superiority of one at the expense of the other. Here, this dilemma has been solved by fabricating mechanically robust solid composite polymer electrolytes (SCPEs) with superior ionic conductivity (0.5 mS cm−1 at 20 °C) by confining ionic liquids (ILs) in the hollow scaffold offered by hollow silica (HS) nanospheres with unique architecture. Mechanical robustness was verified by the performance of a Li||Li symmetric cell cycling for extended hours without short‐circuiting. In addition, SCPEs with HS have higher thermal and electrochemical stabilities than those without HS, due to strong interaction and coordination of HS nanoparticles with polymer and ionic liquids. Electrode compatibility and flexibility of the membrane could advance the LMBs technology.
Lifetime of Parahydrogen in Aqueous Solutions and Human Blood
Authors: Schmidt Andreas B. , Wörner Jakob , Pravdivtsev Andrey , Knecht Stephan , Scherer Harald , Weber Stefan , Hennig Jürgen , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Hövener Jan‐Bernd 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMolecular hydrogen has unique nuclear spin properties. Its nuclear spin isomer, parahydrogen (pH2), was instrumental in the early days of quantum mechanics and allows to boost the NMR signal by several orders of magnitude. pH2‐induced polarization (PHIP) is based on the survival of pH2 spin order in solution, yet its lifetime has not been investigated in aqueous or biological media required for in vivo applications. Herein, we report longitudinal relaxation times (T1) and lifetimes of pH2 (
) in methanol and water, with or without O2, NaCl, rhodium‐catalyst or human blood. Furthermore, we present a relaxation model that uses T1 and
for more precise theoretical predictions of the H2 spin state in PHIP experiments. All measured T1 values were in the range of 1.4–2 s and
values were of the order of 10–300 minutes. These relatively long lifetimes hold great promise for emerging in vivo implementations and applications of PHIP.
Using climate projections to assess ecosystem vulnerability at scales relevant to managers
Authors: Triepke F. Jack , Muldavin Esteban H. , Wahlberg Maximillian M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLand managers require information about the ongoing and potential effects of future climate to coordinate responses for ecosystems, species, and human communities at scales that are operationally meaningful. Our study focused on the vulnerability for all upland ecosystem types of Arizona and New Mexico in the southwestern United States. Local vulnerability across the two‐state area was represented by the level of departure for late 21st‐century climate from the characteristic pre‐1990 climate envelope of the ecosystem type at each given location, resulting in a probability surface of climate impacts for the two‐state area and an uncertainty assessment based on agreement in results among multiple global climate models. Though the results varied from one ecosystem type to the next, the majority of lands were forecast as high vulnerability and low uncertainty, reflecting significant agreement among climate model projections for the southwestern United States. We then tested our results in relation to ongoing ecological processes that have both regional and global change implications and discovered significant relationships with wildfire severity, upward tree species recruitment, and the encroachment of scrub into semidesert grassland. The testing helped determine the efficacy of the vulnerability surface, as a product of relatively high spatial and thematic resolution, in supporting local planning and management decisions. Most important, this study links climate and changes in vegetation by ecosystem processes that are already ongoing. The results affirm the value of climate model downscaling and show that this portable approach to correlative modeling has value in determining the location and magnitude of potential climate‐related impacts.
Association between beta‐blocker use and mortality/morbidity in older patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. A propensity score‐matched analysis from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Stolfo Davide , Uijl Alicia , Benson Lina , Schrage Benedikt , Fudim Marat , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Koudstaal Stefan , Sinagra Gianfranco , Dahlström Ulf , Rosano Giuseppe , Savarese Gianluigi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐blockers reduce mortality and morbidity in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, patients older than 80 years are poorly represented in randomized controlled trials. We assessed the association between beta‐blocker use and outcomes in HFrEF patients aged ≥80 years.Methods and resultsWe included patients with an ejection fraction <40% and aged ≥80 years from the Swedish HF Registry. The association between beta‐blocker use, all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular (CV) mortality/HF hospitalization was assessed by Cox proportional hazard models in a 1:1 propensity score‐matched cohort. To assess consistency, the same analyses were performed in a positive control cohort with age <80 years. A negative control outcome analysis was run using hospitalization for cancer as endpoint. Of 6562 patients aged ≥80 years, 5640 (86%) received beta‐blockers. In the matched cohort including 1732 patients, beta‐blocker use was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–0.99]. Reduction in CV mortality/HF hospitalization was not significant (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85–1.05) due to the lack of association with HF hospitalization, whereas CV death was significantly reduced. After adjustment rather than matching for the propensity score in the overall cohort, beta‐blocker use was associated with reduced risk of all outcomes. In patients aged <80 years, use of beta‐blockers was associated with reduced risk of all‐cause death (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68–0.92) and of the composite outcome (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77–0.99).ConclusionsIn HFrEF patients ≥80 years of age, use of beta‐blockers was high and was associated with improved all‐cause and CV survival.
On the emission reduction through the application of an electrically heated catalyst to a diesel vehicle
Authors: Gao Jianbing , Tian Guohong , Sorniotti Aldo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExhaust emissions from diesel engine powered vehicles are considerably high during cold start and warm‐up, because of the poor catalyst performance due to the insufficient catalyst temperature. The controlled heat injection allowed by electrically heated catalysts can effectively reduce the catalyst light‐off time with relatively moderate fuel penalty. This paper compares the exhaust temperature and emissions of a case study diesel vehicle in cold and warm start conditions, and proposes two electrically heated catalyst control strategies, which are evaluated in terms of emission reduction and energy consumption with different target temperature settings. In addition, a new performance indicator, that is, the specific emission reduction, is used to evaluate the after‐treatment system and associated thermal management. For the worldwide harmonized light vehicle test cycle, the results without electrically heated catalyst show that from both cold and warm start conditions a large amount of operating points of the engine is located in the region of partial catalyst light off. Moreover, emissions, especially in terms of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon, significantly decrease with the electrically heated catalyst implementation, for example, by at least 50% from cold start; however, they still tend to be rather substantial when the fuel is re‐injected after the engine cutoff phases. The exhaust temperature is lower than the target values in the sections of the driving cycle in which the electrically heated catalyst power is saturated according to the maximum level allowed by the device. The carbon dioxide penalty brought by the electrically heated catalyst ranges from 3.93% to 6.65% and from 6.49% to 9.35% for warm and cold start conditions, respectively.
Reactivity of B‐Xanthyl N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Boranes
Authors: Vallet Anne‐Laure , Telitel Sofia , Lalevée Jacques , Lacôte Emmanuel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe synthesis and reactivity of mono‐ and bis‐S‐xanthyl NHC‐boranes is reported. The new NHC‐boranes are prepared through nucleophilic exchange at boron from either mono‐ or bis‐triflyl NHC‐boranes, themselves obtained by protolysis of the NHC‐BH3 starting compounds. The B−H bond of the S‐xanthyl NHC‐boranes can be cleaved both homolytically and heterolytically, albeit the latter is more synthetically useful. The S‐xanthyl NHC‐boranes can reduce both aldehydes and imines. The B−S bond can also be cleaved homolytically. Under UV irradiation, the S‐xanthyl NHC‐boranes generate NHC‐boryl radicals that can initiate radical polymerizations of acrylates.
RNA therapeutics: Identification of novel targets leading to drug discovery
Authors: Qadir Muhammad Imran , Bukhat Sherien , Rasul Sumaira , Manzoor Hamid , Manzoor Majid 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe established concept that RNA works only for protein synthesis has been changed over the past few decades and shifted towards therapeutic purposes. Almost 98% of mammalian genome is transcribed into nonprotein coding RNA termed as noncoding RNA (ncRNA) which plays regulatory role in molecular and cellular functions as controlling gene expression. These ncRNAs are classified as long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), short noncoding RNA (sncRNA), and translational/structural RNA which possess diverse functions. These ncRNAs regulate expression of normal gene and modulate disease development and progression. The characterization of ncRNA genes and their mechanisms can aid in disease diagnosis, examining its development and direct specific therapies in different disease treatments. Due to their unique modes of action, they are designated as novel class of targets leading to drug discovery. The modulation in these ncRNAs can enhance therapeutic treatments against different diseases by targeting mRNA for its cleavage via antisense olionucleotides (ASOs)/DNA duplex, RNA alternative splicing/editing, chromatin modification, transcriptional/translational interference, RNA masking, small interfering RNA/microRNA‐based gene silencing and by inducing immunity via RNA‐based vaccination. Here in this review, we tried to summarize the emerging fields of ncRNA, their role in different diseases, their modes of action, and their potential in target identification and therapeutic drug development.
SRSF1‐dependent alternative splicing attenuates BIN1 expression in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wang Jiali , Liu Tianxu , Wang Mengjie , Lv Wei , Wang Yu , Jia Yunlong , Zhang Rong , Liu Lihua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDecreased bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) expression has great significance in promoting the progression of malignant tumors. Reduced messenger RNA expression is partly due to aberrant alternative splicing (AS). However, the AS status of BIN1 and its correlation with BIN1 inactivation in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains poorly defined. Here we reported that BIN1 inactivation was not related to DNA methylation in NSCLC. Importantly, BIN1 with exon 12A inclusion (BIN1+12A isoform), the most frequent aberrant splicing variant in tumors was also observed in NSCLC, and might be accounted for BIN1 inactivation. Furthermore, we showed that the aberrant splicing of BIN1 was under the control of serine and arginine‐rich factor 1 (SRSF1) in NSCLC. In addition, colony formation assay showed that BIN1+12A isoform could abolish the tumor‐inhibiting ability of BIN1 in NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, transwell, wound healing and apoptosis experiments demonstrated that the occurrence of BIN1+12A could abrogate the invasion suppressing activity and proapoptotic property of BIN1 in NSCLC. Significantly, we also found that BIN1+12A isoform neutralized the tumor‐suppressing functions of BIN1 via affecting its subcellular localization. Altogether, these data revealed an aberrant splicing phenomenon which abated the expression and tumor‐inhibiting activity of BIN1 in NSCLC, and the related mechanisms were associated with SRSF1.
PCAT‐1 contributes to cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer through epigenetically silencing PTEN via recruiting EZH2
Authors: Li Hui , Ma Xuhui , Yang Desheng , Suo Zhimin , Dai Rujiang , Liu Chunhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the functional role and the underlying molecular mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) prostate cancer–associated transcript 1 (PCAT‐1) in cisplatin resistance of gastric cancer (GC). Our results indicated that PCAT‐1 was overexpressed in CDDP‐resistant GC tumor tissues and cell lines. High expression of PCAT‐1 was closely correlated with short overall survival in patients with GC. Downregulation of PCAT‐1 resensitized CDDP‐resistant GC cells to cisplatin. In addition, PCAT‐1 epigenetically silenced PTEN through binding to the histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), thus increasing H3K27me3. More importantly, PTEN silencing counteracted PCAT‐1 knockdown–mediated enhancement in cisplatin sensitivity of CDDP‐resistant GC cells. In summary, PCAT‐1 led to cisplatin resistance in GC cells through epigenetically suppressing PTEN expression, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for GC patients with chemoresistance.
Successful modulation of atrial fibrillation drivers anchoring to fibrotic tissue after box isolation using an online real‐time phase mapping system: ExTRa Mapping
Authors: Nakamura Toshihiro , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Fukuzawa Koji , Takami Mitsuru , Akita Tomomi , Suehiro Hideya , Takemoto Makoto , Sakai Jun , Yatomi Atsusuke , Sonoda Yusuke , Takahara Hiroyuki , Nakasone Kazutaka , Yamamoto Kyoko , Hirata Ken‐ichi , Ashihara Takashi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA 41‐year‐old man with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) underwent radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation using an online real‐time phase mapping system: ExTRa Mapping. Box isolation could not terminate AF. Subsequently, RF applications on nonpassively activated areas (NPAs), where rotational activations were frequently observed, at the posterior bottom of left atrium outside of box lesion could convert AF to common atrial flutter. Of interest, the NPA near the posterior bottom were located on the patchy fibrotic tissue area assessed by the late‐gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging. This indicated the possibility of the critical AF rotor meandering through the fibrotic tissue area.