bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface‐Functionalized Carrier‐Free Drug Nanorods for Leukemia
Authors: Krishnan Vinu , Sarode Apoorva , Bhatt Rohit , Oliveira Joshua D. , Brown Tyler D. , Jiang Y. P. , Reddy Junutula Jagath , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPure drug nanoparticles have emerged as an alternate method for formulating extremely hydrophobic drugs. Herein, a simple and efficient process for synthesizing PEGylated and antibody‐conjugated, carrier‐free nanomedicine is reported as a promising strategy to deliver the drug, Camptothecin (CPT) for aggressive circulating tumors such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Size, shape, and surface morphology of pure drug nanorods (NRs) are examined and characterized by a variety of techniques. Incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) onto the particle changed its surface charge and topography while affecting its drug‐dissolution kinetics. Furthermore, the toxicity of PEGylated versus non‐PEGylated forms of humanized anti‐CD33 antibody (Hu195Ab)–coated CPT NRs are compared. Hu195Ab drug‐linked NRs increased cell killing in leukemic cells and surface PEGylation show reduced non‐specific uptake in cells. The results demonstrate that surface‐modified carrier‐free nanodrugs could have significant implications in cancer drug delivery for treating AML. This would be the first instance of studying the potential of surface‐functionalized carrier‐free drug NRs in the treatment of leukemia.
Chiral Isocamphoric Acid: Founding a Large Family of Homochiral Porous Materials
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Nguyen Edward T. , Hong Anh N. , Feng Pingyun , Bu Xianhui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHomochiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are an important class of chiral solids with potential applications in chiral recognition; however, relatively few are available. Of great importance is the availability of low‐cost, racemization‐resistant, and versatile enantiopure building blocks. Among chiral building blocks, d‐camphoric acid is highly prolific, yet, its trans‐isomer, l‐isocamphoric acid, has remained unknown in the entire field of solid‐state materials. Its rich yet totally untapped synthetic and structural chemistry has now been investigated through the synthesis of a large family of homochiral metal isocamphorates. The first observation of diastereoisomerism in isostructural MOFs is presented. Isocamphorate has a powerful ability to create framework topologies unexpected from common inorganic building blocks, and isocamphoric acid should allow access to hundreds of new homochiral materials.
Isolation and Total Structure Determination of an All‐Alkynyl‐Protected Gold Nanocluster Au144
Authors: Lei Zhen , Li Jiao‐Jiao , Wan Xian‐Kai , Zhang Wen‐Han , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTotal structure determination of a ligand‐protected gold nanocluster, Au144, has been successfully carried out. The composition of title nanocluster is Au144(C≡CAr)60 (1; Ar=2‐FC6H4‐). The cluster 1 exhibits a quasi‐spherical Russian doll‐like architecture, comprising a Au54 two‐shelled Mackay icosahedron (Au12@Au42), which is further enclosed by a Au60 anti‐Mackay icosahedral shell. The Au114 kernel is enwrapped by thirty linear ArC≡C‐Au‐C≡CAr staple motifs. The absorption spectrum of 1 shows two bands at 560 and 620 nm. This spectrum is distinctly different from that of thiolated Au144, which was predicted to have an almost identical metal kernel and very similar ligands arrangement in 1. These facts indicate the molecule‐like behavior of 1 and significant involvement of ligands in the electronic structure of 1. The cluster 1 is hitherto the largest coinage metal nanocluster with atomically precise molecular structure in the alkynyl family. The work not only addresses the concern of structural information of Au144, which had been long‐pursued, but also provides an interesting example showing ligand effects on the optical properties of ligand protected metal nanoclusters.
Simultaneous Modulation of Magnetic and Dielectric Transition via Spin‐Crossover‐Tuned Spin Arrangement and Charge Distribution
Authors: Zheng Hui , Meng Yin‐Shan , Zhou Guang‐Li , Duan Chun‐Ying , Sato Osamu , Hayami Shinya , Luo Yi , Liu Tao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMagnetic and dielectric properties have been tuned simultaneously by external stimuli with rapid and sensitive response, which is crucial to monitor the magnetic state via capacitive measurement. Herein, positive charged FeII ions were linked via negative charged [(Tp)FeIII(CN)3]− (Tp=hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate) units to form a neutral chain. The spin‐crossover (SCO) on FeII sites could be sensitively triggered via thermal treatment, light irradiation, and pressure. SCO switched the spin state of the FeII ions and antiferromagnetic interactions between FeIII and FeII ions, resulting in significant change in magnetization. Moreover, SCO induced rotation of negative charged [(Tp)FeIII(CN)3]− units, generating dielectric anomaly due to geometric change of charges distribution. This work provides a rational way to manipulate simultaneous variations in magnetic and dielectric properties utilizing SCO as an actuator to tune spin arrangement, magnetic coupling, and charge distribution.
A Dimer of Hydrogen Cyanide Stabilized by a Lewis Acid
Authors: Bläsing Kevin , Bresien Jonas , Labbow René , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA highly labile dimer of hydrogen cyanide, HCN⋅⋅⋅HCN, was extracted from liquid HCN by adduct formation with the bulky Lewis acid B(C6F5)3, affording HCN⋅⋅⋅HCN−B(C6F5)3, which was fully characterized. The influence of the solvent (HCN, CH2Cl2, and aromatic hydrocarbons) on the crystallization process was studied, revealing dimer formation when using HCN or CH2Cl2 as solvent, whereas aromatic hydrocarbons led to the formation of monomeric arene⋅⋅HCN−B(C6F5)3 adducts, additionally stabilized by η6‐coordination of the aromatic ring system similar to well‐known half‐sandwich complexes.
A facile and rapid sonochemical synthesis of monodispersed Fe3O4@cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposites without inert gas protection
Authors: Low Liang Ee , Tey Beng Ti , Ong Boon Hoong , Tang Siah Ying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHere, we proposed a rapid sonochemical in situ co‐precipitation approach to prepare Fe3O4@cellulose nanocrystal (MCNC) nanocomposites. Differed from conventionaly method, the proposed in‐situ co‐precipitation reaction was performed under atmospheric condition without N2 purging to yield the MCNC. The results from FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of MCNC through the chemical interaction between the Fe ions of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP) with the surface hydroxyl groups of CNC. The absence of typical Fe2O3 Raman spectral peak (730 cm−1) indicated no occurrence of oxidation of MNP to undesired maghemite. Based on TGA results, the MNP loading on the MCNC composites was found to be 6 wt% higher than those produced under typical N2 protection, giving rise to a higher magnetivity. Results revealed that the use of ultrasound (US) horn in place of conventional mechanical stirrer led to the production of the radical species that accelerated the nucleation, growth and dispersibility of MNPs on CNC fibres, which thus shortened the reaction times to 5 min. The findings suggest that the proposed sonochemical synthesis without inert N2 purging could be an alternative facile and efficient approach to fabricate well‐dispersed MCNC nanocomposites that hold great potential for biomedical applications.
Bioassay‐Guided Isolation of Antifungal Compounds from Disporopsis aspersa (Hua) Engl. ex Diels against Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Zhu Feng , Yuan Chengshan , Gang Fangli , Yang Chaofu , Wu Wenjun , Zhang Jiwen 
Published: May 2018

Oomycetes are one type of the most highly destructive of the diseases that cause damage to some important crop plants, such as potato late blight, cucumber downy mildew, and grape downy mildew. As main approach of the ongoing search for new botanical fungicide from plant, the secondary metabolites of D. aspersa were investigated. Through efficient bioassay‐guided isolation, two new (1 and 2) and 12 known compounds (3 – 14) were isolated, and their structures were determined via extensive NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and IR. They were isolated from this genus for the first time except for compounds 11 and 12. The biological properties of 1 – 14 were evaluated against Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Phytophthora infestans. Compounds 1 – 8 showed potent antifungal activity in vitro. Additionally, compound 3 has preferable control effect on cucumber downy mildew, showing dual effect of protection and treatment in vivo.
Effects of Growing Location on the Contents of Main Active Components and Antioxidant Activity of Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. by Chemometric Methods
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Dongmei , Hou Xiaogai , Yang Yueqin , Xue Xian , Jia Qishi , Zhang Lixia , Zhao Wei , Yin Dongxue 
Published: May 2018

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a very important raw material source for natural medicines in China. The content and activity of active component are main indexes that evaluate the quality of TCM, however, they may vary with environmental factors. In this study, the effects of environmental factors on the active component contents and antioxidant activity of Dasiphora fruticosa collected from the five main growing areas of China were investigated. The contents of tannin, total flavonoids and rutin were determined to be 7.65 – 10.69%, 2.30 – 5.39% and 0.18 – 0.81%, respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH assay, with the DPPH IC50 values ranged from 8.791 to 32.534 μg mL−1. In order to further explore the cause of these significant geographical variations, the chemometric methods including correlation analysis, principal component analysis, gray correlation analysis and path analysis were applied. The results showed that environmental factors had significant effect on the contents of active components and antioxidant activity. Rapidly available phosphorus (RAP) and rapidly available nitrogen (RAN) were common dominant factors, and a significant positive action existed between RAP and active components and antioxidant activity (P < 0.05). Contributed by their high active components and strong antioxidant activity, Bange in Tibet and Geermu in Qinghai Province were selected as a favorable growing location, respectively.
Chemical Variability of the Essential Oil of Pituranthos scoparius from Algeria
Authors: Malti Charaf Eddine Watheq , Boussaïd Maghnia , Belyagoubi Larbi , Paoli Mathieu , Gibernau Marc , Tomi Félix , Atik Bekkara Fewzia , Bekhechi Chahrazed 
Published: May 2018

The chemical composition of 93 oil samples from the aerial parts of Pituranthos scoparius, harvested in three regions of Algeria, was investigated by GC‐FID, GC/MS and 13C‐NMR. Monoterpene hydrocarbons dominated in association with phenylpropanoids and a chemical variability was found highlighting three clusters. The composition of group I (36 samples) exhibited an atypical composition characterized by a very high contents of 6‐methoxyelemicine (13.0 – 59.6%), followed by sabinene (1.1 – 43.0%) and limonene (6.6 – 39.0%), while the samples of group II (12 samples) contained a high content of limonene (9.2 – 44.0%), followed by myristicine (0.0 – 29.4%) and a lower amount of sabinene (0.8 – 2.3%). Group III (45 samples) could be divided in two subgroups. Subgroup SGIIIA was characterized by a very high content of sabinene (28.0 – 55.6%), followed by elemicine (0.0 – 29.1%), while the samples belonging to SGIIIB were characterized by the lower content of sabinene (6.2 – 35.5%) and a significant content of myristicine (1.5 – 32.4%), α‐pinene (4.2 – 31.0%) and dill apiole (0.1 – 31.4%). Each harvested region was characterized by a different chemical composition.
CoSe2/MoSe2 Heterostructures with Enriched Water Adsorption/Dissociation Sites towards Enhanced Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhao Guoqiang , Li Peng , Rui Kun , Chen Yaping , Dou Shi Xue , Sun Wenping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid media, but they show significantly inferior activity in alkaline media due to the extremely sluggish water dissociation kinetics. Herein, CoSe2/MoSe2 heterostructures with CoSe2 quantum dots anchored on MoSe2 nanosheets are synthesized towards enhanced alkaline HER catalytic activity. The incorporation of CoSe2 is intended to construct additional water adsorption sites on the basal planes of MoSe2 to promote water dissociation. The CoSe2/MoSe2 heterostructures show substantially enhanced activity over MoSe2 and CoSe2 in 1 m KOH. The optimal overpotential required to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 is merely 218 mV, which is more than 100 mV greater than that of MoSe2, which is by far the best performance demonstrated for precious‐metal‐free catalysts. Detailed analyses based on electrochemical testing demonstrate that the water adsorption and subsequent dissociation process is accelerated by CoSe2 species with rich edge sites; meanwhile, MoSe2 species provide sufficient active sites for the adsorption and combination of adsorbed hydrogen (H.). These results provide an effective strategy for developing earth‐abundant catalysts with high activity for the alkaline HER, and are of great significance to promote the practical application of alkaline water electrolysis.
Asymmetric Sulfur‐Ylide‐Mediated Formal [4+1]‐Annulation Reaction: Scope and Mechanism
Authors: Clergue Sébastien , Rousseau Olivier , Delaunay Thierry , Dequirez Geoffroy , Tran Trieu‐Van , El Aakchioui Soumia , Barozzino‐Consiglio Gabriella , Robiette Raphaël 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA formal [4+1]‐annulation strategy between sulfur ylides and 1,3‐dienes was developed to afford functionalized cyclopentanoids. The process consists of a stereoselective cyclopropanation reaction followed, in situ, by a stereospecific MgI2‐catalyzed vinylcyclopropane–cyclopentene rearrangement. The use of chiral sulfur ylides provided cyclopentanoids with excellent enantiocontrol. A combined experimental and computational mechanistic study showed that the stereospecificity of the rearrangement could be accounted for by a double SN2 reaction mechanism involving iodide.
Paramagnetic Metal‐Ion Dopants as Polarization Agents for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Spectroscopy in Inorganic Solids
Authors: Chakrabarty Tanmoy , Goldin Nir , Feintuch Akiva , Houben Lothar , Leskes Michal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), a technique in which the high electron spin polarization is transferred to surrounding nuclei via microwave irradiation, equips solid‐state NMR spectroscopy with unprecedented sensitivity. The most commonly used polarization agents for DNP are nitroxide radicals. However, their applicability to inorganic materials is mostly limited to surface detection. Paramagnetic metal ions were recently introduced as alternatives for nitroxides. Doping inorganic solids with paramagnetic ions can be used to tune material properties and introduces endogenous DNP agents that can potentially provide sensitivity in the particles’ bulk and surface. Here we demonstrate the approach by doping Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), an anode material for lithium ion batteries, with paramagnetic ions. By incorporating Gd(III) and Mn(II) in LTO we gain up to 14 fold increase in signal intensity in static 7Li DNP‐NMR experiments. These results suggest that doping with paramagnetic ions provides an efficient route for sensitivity enhancement in the bulk of micron size particles.
Development of a massively parallel sequencing assay for investigating sequence polymorphisms of 15 short tandem repeats in a Chinese Northern Han population
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Xia , Yang Meng , Pan Ya‐Jiao , Zhao Jing , Qu Bao‐Wang , Cheng Feng , Yang Ya‐Ran , Jiao Zhang‐Ping , Liu Li , Yan Jiang‐Wei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMassively parallel sequencing (MPS) has been used in forensic genetics in recent years owing to several advantages, e.g. MPS can provide precise descriptions of the repeat allele structure and variation in the repeat‐flanking regions, increasing the discriminating power among loci and individuals. However, it cannot be fully utilized unless sufficient population data are available for all loci. Thus, there is a pressing need to perform population studies providing a basis for the introduction of MPS into forensic practice. Here, we constructed a multiplex PCR system with fusion primers for one‐directional PCR for MPS of 15 commonly used forensic autosomal STRs and amelogenin. Samples from 554 unrelated Chinese Northern Han individuals were typed using this MPS assay. In total, 313 alleles obtained by MPS for all 15 STRs were observed, and the corresponding allele frequencies ranged between 0.0009 and 0.5162. Of all 15 loci, the number of alleles identified for 12 loci increased compared to capillary electrophoresis approaches, and for the following six loci more than double the number of alleles was found: D2S1338, D5S818, D21S11, D13S317, vWA, and D3S1358. Forensic parameters were calculated based on length and sequence‐based alleles. D21S11 showed the highest heterozygosity (0.8791), discrimination power (0.9865), and paternity exclusion probability in trios (0.7529). The cumulative match probability for MPS was approximately 2.3157 × 10−20.
Determination of protein charge variants with (imaged) capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis
Authors: Kahle Julia , Wätzig Hermann 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBiopharmaceuticals are increasingly present in pharmaceutical therapy. These highly complex molecules are still challenging for development and quality control. Charge heterogeneity is next to size heterogeneity, glycan analysis, or peptide mapping one main aspect of their thorough characterization. This review focuses on the charge‐based analysis of biopharmaceuticals through CE. An overview is given about the three separation techniques cIEF, imaged cIEF and CZE for the analyses of charge variants, emphasizing assays and their precision. Especially the developments in the experimental conditions have been given a high priority: sample preparation, capillary properties, anolytes and catholytes, carrier ampholytes, sacrificing agents, solubility enhancement, isoelectric point marker, mobilization techniques, and detection modes have been discussed. CIEF shows a particularly high heterogeneity in its methods. Therefore, a design space is suggested that states the most important adjustable parameters and their range. This enables an adequate design of experiments for individual sample separations, in order to accelerate and simplify method developments.
Influence of Internet dissemination on hospital selection for benign surgical disease: A single center retrospective study
Authors: Lee Sung Ryul , Koo Bum Hwan , Byun Geon Young , Lee Seung Geun , Kim Myoung Jin , Hong Soo Kyung , Kim Su Yeon , Lee Yu Jin 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe Internet is used worldwide, but its effect on hospital selection of minor surgical disease has not hitherto been thoroughly studied. To investigate the effect of the Internet dissemination on hospital selection of minor surgical disease and information affecting selection, we conducted a survey of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery from January 2016 to April 2017. We analyzed the questionnaire responses of 1916 patients. Over 80% of patients in all groups selected the hospital based on Internet information. Among patients aged over 60 years, 65.1% selected the hospital based on Internet information. With regard to hospital selection factors, the highest number of responses was for sophisticated surgical treatment (93.1%). The second highest was for a simplified medical care system (33.0%); third was a comprehensive nursing care system (18.1%). Among responses about surgical treatment, the most were obtained for short operation time and fewer hospitalization days (81.5%).
An Adaptive Environmental Effects Monitoring Framework for Assessing the Influences of Liquid Effluents on Benthos, Water, and Sediments in Aquatic Receiving Environments
Authors: Somers Keith M , Kilgour Bruce W , Munkittrick Kelly R , Arciszewski Tim J 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Environmental effects monitoring (EEM) has been traditionally used to evaluate the effects of existing facilities discharging liquid effluents into natural receiving waters in Canada. EEM also has the potential to provide feedback to an ongoing project in an adaptive management context and can inform the design of future projects. EEM, consequently, can and should also be used to test the predictions of effects related to new projects. Despite EEM's potential for widespread applicability, challenges related to the effective implementation of EEM include the use of appropriate study designs and the adoption of tiers for increasing or decreasing monitoring intensity. Herein we describe a template for designing and implementing a 6-tiered EEM program that utilizes information from the project-planning and predevelopment baseline data collection stages to build on forecasts from the initial environmental impact assessment project-design stage and that feeds into an adaptive management process. Movement between the 6 EEM tiers is based on the exceedance of baseline monitoring triggers, forecast triggers, and management triggers at various stages in the EEM process. To distinguish these types of triggers, we review the historical development of numeric and narrative triggers as applied to chemical (water and sediment) and biological (plankton, benthos, fish) endpoints. We also provide an overview of historical study design issues and discuss how the 6 EEM tiers and associated triggers influence the temporal-spatial experimental design options and how the information gained through EEM could be used in an adaptive management context. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:552–566. © 2018 SETAC

Key Points
Environmental effects monitoring can and should be adapted to respond to the observations from previous cycles. Adaptive monitoring includes (1) baseline monitoring, (2) surveillance monitoring, (3) confirmation monitoring, (4) investigation of cause, (5) focused monitoring, and (6) investigation of solutions.
Evaluation of six ionic liquids and application in pretreatment of sweet sorghum bagasse for bacterial nanocellulose production
Authors: Chen Genqiang , Chen Lin , Wang Wei , Hong Feng F 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a versatile biomaterial, however its production at industrial scale is not cost‐effective due to the high cost of culture media. Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB) is an annually renewable agricultural residue with little or no value and could even cause haze if burned. The proposed approach is the first to use SSB to produce BNC by means of pretreatment of green solvent ionic liquid (IL) for promoted enzymatic saccharification due to the recalcitrant lignocellulose structure of SSB. But the questions, ‘Which is the best IL’ and ‘Are there any negative effects’ need answers.RESULTSSix kinds of ILs were first compared in detail and showed diverse inhibition of cellulase and bacterial culture with changing IL concentration. Inhibition by IL of cellulase and BNC production could be removed completely by thorough washing. The results showed that three ILs, [AMIM]OAc, [EMIM]Fmt and [EMIM]OAc, had higher dissolving capacity and strong enhancement of cellulase saccharification of SSB. The fermentable sugar yield from SSB was enhanced by more than 7.5 times after [EMIM]Fmt‐pretreatment at biomass loading of 20%. The highest productivity of 0.71 g L−1 d−1 of crude BNC was obtained after cultivation with the hydrolysate of [EMIM]Fmt‐pretreated SSB.CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated a new approach to produce BNC by biorefining lignocellulosic waste SSB, which could provide the following potential benefits: better utilization of the agricultural residual SSB than burning, which causes haze and air pollution, improving economic benefits of SSB for farmers, and decreasing the production cost of BNC. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry