bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different dopamine tone in ethanol high‐ and low‐consuming Wistar rats
Authors: Ericson Mia , Ulenius Lisa , Andrén Anna , Jonsson Susanne , Adermark Louise , Söderpalm Bo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExcessive alcohol use causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Changes in the mesolimbic dopamine system have been postulated as a neurobiological underpinning of excessive alcohol consumption, and recent research also suggests that the amino acid taurine plays a central role in ethanol‐induced dopamine elevation. The aim of this study was to further outline the role of dopamine and taurine in regulating alcohol consumption. In this study, a choice between ethanol (20%) and water was administered to Wistar rats in an intermittent manner (three times/week) for seven consecutive weeks. In vivo microdialysis was used to explore baseline levels as well as ethanol‐induced increases of extracellular dopamine and taurine, in the nucleus accumbens (nAc) of Wistar rats voluntarily consuming large or small amounts of ethanol. Basal levels of taurine were also measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in a subset of rats. Ethanol‐induced increases in nAc dopamine and taurine did not differ between alcohol‐consuming and naïve rats. However, when categorized based on ethanol intake, rats consuming larger amounts of ethanol exhibited a lower dopamine tone in the nucleus accumbens and responded to ethanol with a slower elevation of extracellular taurine levels, as compared with low‐consuming animals. Basal levels of taurine in nAc, CSF, or serum did not differ between ethanol high‐ and low‐consuming rats. Our data support previous studies claiming an association between low endogenous dopamine levels and excessive alcohol intake.
Caregiving, ethnicity and gender in Māori and non‐Māori New Zealanders of advanced age: Findings from LiLACS NZ Kaiāwhina (Love and Support) study
Authors: Lapsley Hilary , Hayman Karen J. , Muru‐Lanning Marama Leigh , Moyes Simon A. , Keeling Sally , Edlin Richard , Kerse Ngaire 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates sex and ethnicity in relationships of care using data from Wave 4 of LiLACS NZ, a longitudinal study of Māori and non‐Māori New Zealanders of advanced age.MethodsInformal primary carers for LiLACS NZ participants were interviewed about aspects of caregiving. Data were analysed by gender and ethnic group of the LiLACS NZ participant.ResultsCarers were mostly adult children or partners, and three‐quarters of them were women. Māori and men received more hours of care with a higher estimated dollar value of care. Māori men received the most personal care and household assistance. Carer employment, self‐rated health, quality of life and impact of caring did not significantly relate to the gender and ethnicity of care recipients.ConclusionsGender and ethnicity are interwoven in caregiving and care receiving. Demographic differences and cultural expectations in both areas must be considered in policies for carer support.
Bridge flap repair of the lower limb: A hybrid alternative to the keystone
Authors: Salmon Paul JM , Gunson Todd H , Ong Suyin , Mortimer Neil J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSurgery of the lower limb to remove skin cancer often requires the use of skin grafting due to tightness of the surrounding tissues and poor dermal integrity. We present a retrospective case review of our experience with the bridge flap as an alternative for lower leg reconstruction. The techniques of executing this hybrid flap are detailed.
Hypoxaemia during recovery after surgery for colorectal cancer: a prospective observational study
Authors: Bojesen R. D. , Fitzgerald P. , Munk‐Madsen P. , Eriksen J. R. , Kehlet H. , Gögenur I. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryEpisodic and ongoing hypoxaemia are well‐described after surgery, but, to date, no studies have investigated the occurrence of episodic hypoxaemia following minimally‐invasive colorectal surgery performed in an enhanced recovery setting. We aimed to describe the occurrence of postoperative hypoxaemia after minimally‐invasive surgery in an enhanced recovery setting, and the association with morphine use, incision site, fluid intake and troponin increase. We performed a prospective observational study of 85 patients undergoing minimally‐invasive surgery for colorectal cancer between 25 August 2016 and 17 August 2017. We applied a pulse oximeter with a measurement rate of 1 Hz immediately after surgery either until discharge or until two days after surgery, and recorded the oxygen saturation. We measured troponin I during the first four days after surgery, or until discharge. The median (IQR [range]) length of stay was 3 (2–4 [1–38]) days. Thirty‐six percent of patients spent more than 1 h below an oxygen saturation of 90% (4.2% of the day), and with a median (IQR [range]) proportion of 1.3 (0.2–11.1 [0.0–21.4])% of the day spent with an oxygen saturation below 88%. We found no associations between time spent below an oxygen saturation of 88% and morphine use (p = 0.215), fluid intake (p = 0.446), complications (p = 0.808) or extraction site (p = 0.623). Postoperative increases in troponin I were associated both with time spent below an oxygen saturation of 88% (p = 0.026) and hypopnoea episodes (p = 0.003). Even with minimally‐invasive surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery, episodic hypoxaemia and hypopnoea episodes are common, but are not associated with morphine use, fluid intake or incision site. Further studies should investigate the relationship between hypoxaemia and troponin increase.
Effects of maternal subnutrition during early pregnancy on cow hematological profiles and offspring physiology and vitality in two beef breeds
Authors: Noya Agustí , Serrano‐Pérez Beatriz , Villalba Daniel , Casasús Isabel , Molina Ester , López‐Helguera Irene , Sanz Albina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis experiment evaluated the effects of subnutrition during early gestation on hematology in cows (Bos Taurus) and on hematological, metabolic, endocrine, and vitality parameters in their calves. Parda de Montaña and Pirenaica dams were inseminated and assigned to either a control (CONTROL, 100% requirements) or a nutrient‐restricted group (SUBNUT, 65%) during the first third of gestation. Dam blood samples were collected on days 20 and 253 of gestation, and calf samples were obtained during the first days of life. Pirenaica dams presented higher red series parameters than Parda de Montaña dams, both in the first and the last months of gestation. During early pregnancy, granulocyte numbers and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were lower in Pirenaica‐SUBNUT than in Pirenaica‐CONTROL cows. Calves from the SUBNUT cows did not show a physiological reduction in red series values in early life, suggesting later maturation of the hematopoietic system. Poor maternal nutrition affected calf endocrine parameters. Newborns from dystocic parturitions showed lower NEFA concentrations and weaker vitality responses. In conclusion, maternal nutrition had short‐term effects on cow hematology, Pirenaica cows showing a higher susceptibility to undernutrition; and a long‐term effect on their offspring endocrinology, SUBNUT newborns showing lower levels of IGF‐1 and higher levels of cortisol.
Long‐term prognostic significance of interleukin‐17‐producing T cells in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Song Li , Ma Shoubao , Chen Longpei , Miao Liyan , Tao Min , Liu Haiyan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe presence of interleukin (IL)‐17‐producing T cells has recently been reported in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the long‐term prognostic significance of these populations in NSCLC patients remains unknown. In the present study, we collected peripheral blood from 82 NSCLC patients and 22 normal healthy donors (NC). Percentages of IL‐17‐producing CD4+T (Th17), CD8+T (Tc17) and γδT cells (γδT17) were measured to determine their association with clinical outcomes and overall survival (OS) in NSCLC. All NSCLC patients were followed up until July 2018. Median follow‐up time was 13.5 months (range 1‐87 months). The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rate was 27% and 19.6%, respectively. We found that Th17 cells and γδT17 cells were significantly increased, whereas Tc17 cells were markedly decreased in patients with NSCLC compared with those in NC. In addition, Th17 cells were significantly positively associated with T helper type 1 cells (Th1), whereas γδT17 cells were significantly negatively associated with γδT + interferon (IFN)‐γ+ cells. High percentages of peripheral Tc17 cells were significantly associated with favorable 5‐year OS (P = .025), especially in patients with early TNM stage (P = .016). Furthermore, high percentages of peripheral Th17 cells were positively associated with favorable 5‐year OS in patients with late TNM stage (P = .002). However, no significant association was observed between γδT17 cells and OS, regardless of the TNM stage. In conclusion, our findings suggest that enhanced Th17 and reduced Tc17 cells in the peripheral blood could be a significant predictor of a favorable prognosis for NSCLC patients.
Are Socially Anxious Children Poor or Advanced Mindreaders?
Authors: Nikolić Milica , van der Storm Lisa , Colonnesi Cristina , Brummelman Eddie , Kan Kees Jan , Bögels Susan 
Published: May 2019

Why are some children more socially anxious than others? One theory holds that socially anxious children are poor mindreaders, which hampers their social interactions; another that socially anxious children are advanced mindreaders leading to heightened self‐consciousness in social situations. To test these theories simultaneously, this study (N = 105, ages 8–12) assessed children's mindreading (accuracy in detecting mental states from the eye region), self‐consciousness (indexed as physiological blushing during public performance), and social anxiety levels. Results support both theories, showing a quadratic relation between mindreading and social anxiety. Low mindreading was related to clinical levels of social anxiety. High mindreading was related to subclinical levels of social anxiety through blushing. Our findings suggest two social‐cognitive pathways to heightened social anxiety.
Longitudinal assessment of autonomic nervous system in patients with first demyelinating event suggestive of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Habek M. , Crnošija L. , Gabelić T. , Barun B. , Adamec I. , Junaković A. , Ruška B. , Pavičić T. , Krbot Skorić M. 
Published: May 2019

Background and purposeAs a high proportion of people with clinically isolated syndrome (pwCIS) exhibit sympathetic adrenergic and sudomotor dysfunction, the aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of autonomic nervous system (ANS) abnormalities in pwCIS over a 2‐year follow‐up.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study in which 121 pwCIS were enrolled and followed for 2 years. After 2‐year follow‐up, data were available for 84 pwCIS. ANS symptoms were evaluated with the Composite Autonomic System Score‐31 (COMPASS‐31) and results of the ANS tests were expressed using the Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale (CASS) at baseline and visit at month 24. Symptomatic dysautonomia was defined if the patient had a COMPASS‐31 value above the median of the whole cohort at baseline evaluation (COMPASS‐31 > 6.79) and CASS score >0.ResultsComplete CASS data at baseline and month 24 were available for 62 patients; in 24 (38.7%) patients there was worsening, in 16 (25.8%) there was improvement and in 22 (35.5%) there was no change in CASS score. In 90% of pwCIS (72 of 80) there was no change in parasympathetic nervous system tests, whereas 47.3% (35 of 74) had either worsening or improvement in sympathetic adrenergic and 28.6% (20 of 70) had either worsening or improvement in sudomotor function. A multivariable regression model identified the total number of T2 lesions as an independent predictor for worsening of symptomatic dysautonomia. No predictors for worsening or improving of CASS score were identified.ConclusionA substantial proportion of pwCIS experienced worsening of ANS abnormalities during the 2‐year follow‐up and magnetic resonance imaging parameters seemed to predict these abnormalities.
Genome‐wide association study identifies loci associated with liability to alcohol and drug dependence that is associated with variability in reward‐related ventral striatum activity in African‐ and European‐Americans
Authors: Wetherill Leah , Lai Dongbing , Johnson Emma C. , Anokhin Andrey , Bauer Lance , Bucholz Kathleen K. , Dick Danielle M. , Hariri Ahmad R. , Hesselbrock Victor , Kamarajan Chella , Kramer John , Kuperman Samuel , Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Nurnberger John I. , Schuckit Marc , Scott Denise M. , Taylor Robert E. , Tischfield Jay , Porjesz Bernice , Goate Alison M. , Edenberg Howard J. , Foroud Tatiana , Bogdan Ryan , Agrawal Arpana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGenetic influences on alcohol and drug dependence partially overlap, however, specific loci underlying this overlap remain unclear. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of a phenotype representing alcohol or illicit drug dependence (ANYDEP) among 7291 European‐Americans (EA; 2927 cases) and 3132 African‐Americans (AA: 1315 cases) participating in the family‐based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. ANYDEP was heritable (h
2 in EA = 0.60, AA = 0.37). The AA GWAS identified three regions with genome‐wide significant (GWS; P < 5E‐08) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 3 (rs34066662, rs58801820) and 13 (rs75168521, rs78886294), and an insertion‐deletion on chromosome 5 (chr5:141988181). No polymorphisms reached GWS in the EA. One GWS region (chromosome 1: rs1890881) emerged from a trans‐ancestral meta‐analysis (EA + AA) of ANYDEP, and was attributable to alcohol dependence in both samples. Four genes (AA: CRKL, DZIP3, SBK3; EA: P2RX6) and four sets of genes were significantly enriched within biological pathways for hemostasis and signal transduction. GWS signals did not replicate in two independent samples but there was weak evidence for association between rs1890881 and alcohol intake in the UK Biobank. Among 118 AA and 481 EA individuals from the Duke Neurogenetics Study, rs75168521 and rs1890881 genotypes were associated with variability in reward‐related ventral striatum activation. This study identified novel loci for substance dependence and provides preliminary evidence that these variants are also associated with individual differences in neural reward reactivity. Gene discovery efforts in non‐European samples with distinct patterns of substance use may lead to the identification of novel ancestry‐specific genetic markers of risk.
Environment‐ and trait‐mediated scaling of tree occupancy in forests worldwide
Authors: Ren Haibao , Keil Petr , Mi Xiangcheng , Ma Keping , Hao Zhanqing , Ye Wanhui , Lin Luxiang , Valencia Renato , Fletcher Christine Dawn , Thomas Duncan W. , Howe Robert W. , Lutz James , Bourg Norman A. , Su Sheng‐Hsin , Sun I‐Fang , Zhu Li , Chang Li‐Wan , Wang Xihua , Du Xiaojun , Kenfack David , Chuyong George B. , Jetz Walter 
Published: May 2019

AimThe relationship between the proportion of sites occupied by a species and the area of a site [occupancy–area relationship (OAR)] offers key information for biodiversity management and has long fascinated ecologists. We quantified the variation in OAR for 3,157 woody species in 17 forest plots worldwide and tested the relative importance of environment and species traits for explaining this variation and evaluated overall model predictive ability.LocationGlobal.Time periodEarly 21st century.Major taxa studiedWoody plants.MethodsWe used mixed‐effect regression to examine the observed shape of the OAR (its “slope”) against species‐specific and plot‐wide predictors: coarse‐grain occupancy, tree size, plot species richness, energy availability and topographic complexity.ResultsWe found large variation in OAR slopes, and the variation was strongest among species within plots. The OAR slopes showed a latitudinal trend and were steeper near the equator. As predicted, coarse‐grain occupancy and tree size negatively affected OAR slopes, whereas species richness had a positive effect and explained most of the variance between plots. Although hypothesized directionalities were broadly confirmed, traits and environment had relatively limited overall predictive power.Main conclusionsThese results document the variation of the OAR for 3,157 species at near‐global extent. We found a latitudinal gradient in OAR slopes and confirmed key hypothesized predictors. But at this global extent and over the large set of species analysed, the remaining unexplained variation in OAR slopes was substantial. Nevertheless, this large‐scale empirical analysis of the OAR offers an initial step towards a more general use of OARs for the fine‐scale prediction of species distributions and abundance.
Highly efficient induction of primate iPS cells by combining RNA transfection and chemical compounds
Authors: Watanabe Toshiaki , Yamazaki Shun , Yoneda Nao , Shinohara Haruka , Tomioka Ikuo , Higuchi Yuichiro , Yagoto Mika , Ema Masatsugu , Suemizu Hiroshi , Kawai Kenji , Sasaki Erika 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine and the treatment of various diseases. Before proceeding to clinical trials, it is important to test the efficacy and safety of iPS cell‐based treatments using experimental animals. The common marmoset is a new world monkey widely used in biomedical studies. However, efficient methods that could generate iPS cells from a variety of cells have not been established. Here, we report that marmoset cells are efficiently reprogrammed into iPS cells by combining RNA transfection and chemical compounds. Using this novel combination, we generate transgene integration‐free marmoset iPS cells from a variety of cells that are difficult to reprogram using conventional RNA transfection method. Furthermore, we show this is similarly effective for human and cynomolgus monkey iPS cell generation. Thus, the addition of chemical compounds during RNA transfection greatly facilitates reprogramming and efficient generation of completely integration‐free safe iPS cells in primates, particularly from difficult‐to‐reprogram cells.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis to evaluate the efficacy of lumbar sympathectomy for plantar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Lima Sonia O. , Santos Rafael S. , Moura Amanda M. M. , de O. Neto Edinaldo G. , de Andrade Renata L. B. , Valido Arthur D. , dos Santos Vivian F. , Mendonça Ana K. R. H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOn July 25, 2017, we conducted an extensive database tracking to identify all studies published from January 1990 to July 2017. Screening updates were performed until December 2017.ResultsThere were no deaths, and the resolution of symptoms of primary plantar hyperhidrosis (PPH) occurred in 92% of patients after mechanical sympathectomy. A total of 177 patients (44%) were reported to have mild to severe compensatory sweating after a mean 6 months follow‐up. The preservation of L2 did not interfere with the primary outcome, and it is possible to perform lumbar sympathectomy in men with L2 preservation, achieving satisfactory cure results of PPH, minimizing the risk of sexual dysfunction. There were no deaths, and the resolution of symptoms of PPH occurred in 10% of patients after chemical sympathicolysis after a mean 6 months follow‐up. A total of 13 patients (12.5%) were reported to have mild to severe compensatory sweating using the same technique.ConclusionThe mechanical lumbar sympathectomy is effective and safe and improves quality of life, evaluated by the high symptom resolution of PPH and low rate of complications. The chemical sympathicolysis in the immediate postoperative period presented satisfactory results; however, it was shown to be significantly less effective than the mechanical approach in a follow‐up of at least 6 months.
Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective
Authors: Tinanoff Norman , Baez Ramon J. , Diaz Guillory Carolina , Donly Kevin J. , Feldens Carlos Alberto , McGrath Colman , Phantumvanit Prathip , Pitts Nigel B. , Seow W. Kim , Sharkov Nikolai , Songpaisan Yupin , Twetman Svante 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundThis paper is a summary of the proceedings of the International Association of Paediatric Dentistry Bangkok Conference on early childhood caries (ECC) held in 3‐4 November 2018.AimThe paper aims to convey a global perspective of ECC definitions, aetiology, risk factors, societal costs, management, educational curriculum, and policy.DesignThis global perspective on ECC is the compilation of the state of science, current concepts, and literature regarding ECC from worldwide experts on ECC.ResultsEarly childhood caries is related to frequent sugar consumption in an environment of enamel adherent, acid‐producing bacteria in a complex biofilm, as well as developmental defects of enamel. The seriousness, societal costs, and impact on quality of life of dental caries in pre‐school children are enormous. Worldwide data show that ECC continues to be highly prevalent, yet infrequently treated. Approaches to reduce the prevalence include interventions that start in the first year of a child's life, evidence‐based and risk‐based management, and reimbursement systems that foster preventive care.ConclusionsThis global perspective on ECC epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, global impact, and management is aimed to foster improved worldwide understanding and management of ECC.
Design and magneto‐optical characteristics of Ge–Sb–S–PbI2 chalcogenide glasses with a high Verdet constant
Authors: Xu Yantao , Guo Haitao , Liu Xiaogang , Cui Jian , Xiao Xusheng , Cui Xiaoxia , Guo Junjiang , She Jiangbo , Lu Min , Peng Bo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo develop high‐performance magneto‐optical chalcogenide glasses and clarify the mechanisms of the Verdet constant, a series of GeS2–Sb2S3–PbI2 chalcogenide glasses were designed and fabricated, and their Faraday effects were investigated at a wavelength of 980 nm. A new parameter, that is, average polarizability, was proposed, and the results show that the Verdet constant has a good linear relationship with average polarizability, meaning that the Verdet constant of a chalcogenide glass can be directly estimated by its chemical constituents. The Verdet constant is as large as 0.200 min G−1 cm−1 at 980 nm for 22.5GeS2–67.5Sb2S3–10PbI2 composition glass, which is the largest value reported thus far for sulfide glasses; this glass also possesses good thermal and optical properties and therefore might be an attractive candidate for mid‐infrared magneto‐optical device applications.