bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speaking genomics to parents offered germline testing for cancer predisposition: Use of a 2‐visit consent model
Authors: Johnson Liza‐Marie , Sykes April D. , Lu Zhaohua , Valdez Jessica M. , Gattuso Jami , Gerhardt Elsie , Hamilton Kayla V. , Harrison Lynn W. , Hines‐Dowell Stacy J. , Jurbergs Niki , McGee Rose B. , Nuccio Regina , Ouma Annastasia A. , Pritchard Michele , Quinn Emily A. , Baker Justin N. , Mandrell Belinda N. , Nichols Kim E. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPatients with cancer are increasingly offered genomic sequencing, including germline testing for cancer predisposition or other disorders. Such testing is unfamiliar to patients and families, and clear communication is needed to introduce genomic concepts and convey risk and benefit information.MethodsParents of children with cancer were offered the opportunity to have their children’s tumor and germline examined with clinical genomic sequencing. Families were introduced to the study with a 2‐visit informed consent model. Baseline genetic knowledge and self‐reported literacy/numeracy were collected before a study introduction visit, during which basic concepts related to genomic sequencing were discussed. Information was reinforced during a second visit, during which informed consent was obtained and a posttest was administered.ResultsAs reflected by the percentage of correct answers on the pretest and posttest assessments, this model increased genetic knowledge by 11.1% (from 77.8% to 88.9%; P < .0001) in 121 parents participating in both the study introduction and consent visits. The percentage of parents correctly identifying the meaning of somatic and germline mutations increased significantly (from 18% to 59% [somatic] and from 31% to 64% [germline]; P < .0001). Nevertheless, these concepts remained unfamiliar to one‐third of the parents. No relation was identified between the change in the overall percentage of correct answers and self‐reported literacy, numeracy, or demographics.ConclusionsThe use of a 2‐visit communication model improved knowledge of concepts relevant to genomic sequencing, particularly differences between somatic and germline testing; however, these areas remained confusing to many participants, and reinforcement may be necessary to achieve complete understanding.
Design Rules for Metal‐Organic Framework Stability in High‐Pressure Hydrogen Environments
Authors: Wang Timothy C. , White James L. , Bie Binglin , Deng Hexiang , Edgington Jane , Sugar Joshua D. , Stavila Vitalie , Allendorf Mark D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStability of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) under hydrogen is of particular importance for a diverse range of applications, including catalysis, gas separations, and hydrogen storage. Hydrogen in gaseous form is known to be a strong reducing agent and can potentially react with the secondary building units of a MOF and decompose the porous framework structure. Moreover, rapid pressure swings expected in vehicular hydrogen storage could create significant mechanical stresses within MOF crystals that cause partial or complete pore collapse. In this work, we examined the stability of a structurally representative suite of MOFs by testing them under both static (70 MPa) and dynamic hydrogen exposure (0.5 to 10 MPa, 1000 pressure cycles) at room temperature. We aim to provide stability information for development of near room‐temperature hydrogen storage media based on MOFs and suggest framework design rules to avoid materials unstable for hydrogen storage under relevant technical conditions.
Availability of food resources and habitat structure shape the individual‐resource network of a Neotropical marsupial
Authors: de Camargo Nícholas F. , de Oliveira Hernani F. M. , Ribeiro Juliana F. , de Camargo Amabílio J. A. , Vieira Emerson M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Spatial and temporal variation in networks has been reported in different studies. However, the many effects of habitat structure and food resource availability variation on network structures have remained poorly investigated, especially in individual‐based networks. This approach can shed light on individual specialization of resource use and how habitat variations shape trophic interactions.

To test hypotheses related to habitat variability on trophic interactions, we investigated seasonal and spatial variation in network structure of four populations of the marsupial Gracilinanus agilis in the highly seasonal tropical savannas of the Brazilian Cerrado.

We evaluated such variation with network nestedness and modularity considering both cool‐dry and warm‐wet seasons, and related such variations with food resource availability and habitat structure (considered in the present study as environmental variation) in four sites of savanna woodland forest.

Network analyses showed that modularity (but not nestedness) was consistently lower during the cool‐dry season in all G. agilis populations. Our results indicated that nestedness is related to habitat structure, showing that this metric increases in sites with thick and spaced trees. On the other hand, modularity was positively related to diversity of arthropods and abundance of fruits.

We propose that the relationship between nestedness and habitat structure is an outcome of individual variation in the vertical space and food resource use by G. agilis in sites with thick and spaced trees. Moreover, individual specialization in resource‐rich and population‐dense periods possibly increased the network modularity of G. agilis. Therefore, our study reveals that environment variability considering spatial and temporal components is important for shaping network structure of populations.
Generalized spatial mark–resight models with incomplete identification: An application to red fox density estimates
Authors: Jimenez Jose , Chandler Richard , Tobajas Jorge , Descalzo Esther , Mateo Rafael , Ferreras Pablo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe estimation of abundance of wildlife populations is an essential part of ecological research and monitoring. Spatially explicit capture–recapture (SCR) models are widely used for abundance and density estimation, frequently through individual identification of target species using camera‐trap sampling.Generalized spatial mark–resight (Gen‐SMR) is a recently developed SCR extension that allows for abundance estimation when only a subset of the population is recognizable by artificial or natural marks. However, in many cases, it is not possible to read the marks in camera‐trap pictures, even though individuals can be recognized as marked. We present a new extension of Gen‐SMR that allows for this type of incomplete identification.We used simulation to assess how the number of marked individuals and the individual identification rate influenced bias and precision. We demonstrate the model's performance in estimating red fox (Vulpes vulpes) density with two empirical datasets characterized by contrasting densities and rates of identification of marked individuals. According to the simulations, accuracy increases with the number of marked individuals (m), but is less sensitive to changes in individual identification rate (δ). In our case studies of red fox density estimation, we obtained a posterior mean of 1.60 (standard deviation SD: 0.32) and 0.28 (SD: 0.06) individuals/km2, in high and low density, with an identification rate of 0.21 and 0.91, respectively.This extension of Gen‐SMR is broadly applicable as it addresses the common problem of incomplete identification of marked individuals during resighting surveys.
Studies on the Affinity‐based Biosensors for Electrochemical Detection of HER2 Cancer Biomarker
Authors: Jarczewska Marta , Trojan Anita , Gągała Małgorzata , Malinowska Elżbieta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs cancer diseases are the second main cause of death it is necessary to elaborate fast and efficient early diagnosis methods for their detection. One of the possibilities is the analysis of protein biomarkers, which abnormal concentration in physiological fluids might be an indication of cancer disease progression. Herein, we present the studies on the development of affinity‐based biosensors for electrochemical detection of HER2 protein, which is a common biomarker of breast cancer. The main objective was to verify the possibility of fabrication of HER2‐specific hybrid aptamer‐polyclonal antibody and antibody‐based sandwich sensing layer on gold electrode surface. The effectiveness of each electrode modification step was confirmed using voltammetric and impedimetric techniques in the presence of ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple. It was observed that hybrid construct was unlikely to be formed on the gold electrode due to a higher affinity of secondary polyclonal antibody towards target protein, which resulted in the separation of HER2‐antibody complex from the electrode surface. On the contrary, an antibody‐based sandwich receptor layer allowed for protein discrimination in the range from 1 to 100 ng mL−1 by the application of TMB/H2O2 system and chronoamperometry detection technique. Though, the occurrence of interactions between interfering proteins and antibody‐based layer was noted, it led to at least two times smaller current responses than for HER2 protein.
Sensitivity of a Large and Representative Sample of Antarctic Marine Invertebrates to Metals
Authors: Kefford Ben J. , King Catherine K. , Wasley Jane , Riddle Martin J. , Nugegoda Dayanthi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
There are limited data on the sensitivity to contaminants of marine organisms in polar regions. Consequently, assessments of the risk of contaminants to marine biota in polar environments typically include extrapolations from temperate and/or tropical species. This is problematic because the taxonomic composition of organisms differs between polar and temperate/tropical waters, and both the toxicity of chemicals and the physiology of organisms are very different at the stable low temperatures experienced in polar marine systems. Collecting high-quality sensitivity data for a wide range of marine polar organisms using traditional toxicity assessment approaches is a time-consuming and difficult process, especially in remote and hostile environments. We applied a rapid toxicity testing approach, which allowed a much larger number of species to be tested than would be possible with traditional toxicity test methods, albeit with lower replications and fewer exposure concentrations. With this rapid approach, sensitivity estimates are less precise, but more numerous. This is important when constructing species sensitivity distributions (SSDs), which aim to represent the sensitivity of communities. We determined the approximate sensitivity (4- and 10-d median lethal concentration [LC50] values) of a large and representative sample of Antarctic marine invertebrates to copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd). Up to 88 LC50 values (from 88 different taxa) were used in the construction of SSDs. The hazardous concentrations for 1% of taxa (HC1) based on 10-d LC50 values were 37, 346, and 792 μg/L for Cu, Zn, and Cd, respectively. Our results provide a basis for estimating the risk of exposure to metals for a large representative sample of marine polar invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1560–1568. © 2019 SETAC
A Pulsed-Dose Study Evaluating Chronic Toxicity of Chlorothalonil to Fish: A Case Study for Environmental Risk Assessment
Authors: Hamer Mick , Maynard Samuel K. , Schneider Suzanne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chlorothalonil is a fungicide which is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. However, in natural aquatic environments, it is very rapidly degraded, with a half-life typically in hours, reducing exposure of aquatic organisms and the potential for effects. In standard regulatory studies looking at the chronic toxicity of chlorothalonil to fathead minnow, the most sensitive endpoint was fecundity. A standard fish full–life cycle study, where chlorothalonil concentrations were maintained constant throughout, resulted in a no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of 1.4 µg/L. Comparing peak modeled exposure concentrations to this NOEC can result in the chronic risk to fish being considered unacceptable. The present study investigated the effect on fecundity in fathead minnow using a fish short-term reproduction assay. Five different exposure profiles were employed with time-varying concentrations based on realistic worst-case modeled environmental exposure profiles, multiplied by an assessment factor of 10, which resulted in maximum measured concentrations up to 15.5 µg/L. There were no effects on fecundity from any of the exposure profiles tested. Therefore, based on these more realistic exposure profiles, the chronic risk to fish could be considered acceptable if these exposures were deemed to be representative of the worst case. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1549–1559. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Sniff‐Phish: A novel framework for resource intensive computation in cloud to detect email scam
Authors: M. Satheesh Kumar , Srinivasagan K.G. , Ben‐Othman Jalel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractToday, the growing significance of digitization across the globe has made the cybersecurity as inevitable. There are many threats in existence to induce harm and to make illegal activities in a device or a network. Email scam or phishing is a technique that most of the hackers use as baits to infiltrate into a system. After a systematic analysis of the infiltration process, a Chrome extension application named Sniff‐Phish is developed, where the resource intensive computational tasks are performed in cloud with which we could be able to detect various categories of real‐time email scams or phishing attacks like zero‐day and spear phishing. This extension application is based upon analyzing some basic criterion of the malicious URL and duly presenting the legitimacy level of the link in the form of a report. The accuracy obtains for Sniff‐Phish is 98% and covers a wide range of phishing websites, resulting in the less false positive rate of 1.2%. Considering the zero‐day and spear phishing detection rate of Sniff‐Phish, the overall experimental results prove that the proposed system outperforms the conventional phishing detection methods.
Gesturing tool use and tool transport actions modulates inferior parietal functional connectivity with the dorsal and ventral object processing pathways
Authors: Garcea Frank E. , Buxbaum Laurel J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInteracting with manipulable objects (tools) requires the integration of diverse computations supported by anatomically remote regions. Previous functional neuroimaging research has demonstrated the left supramarginal (SMG) exhibits functional connectivity to both ventral and dorsal pathways, supporting the integration of ventrally‐mediated tool properties and conceptual knowledge with dorsally‐computed volumetric and structural representations of tools. This architecture affords us the opportunity to test whether interactions between the left SMG, ventral visual pathway, and dorsal visual pathway are differentially modulated when participants plan and generate tool‐directed gestures emphasizing functional manipulation (tool use gesturing) or structure‐based grasping (tool transport gesturing). We found that functional connectivity between the left SMG, ventral temporal cortex (bilateral fusiform gyri), and dorsal visual pathway (left superior parietal lobule/posterior intraparietal sulcus) was maximal for tool transport planning and gesturing, whereas functional connectivity between the left SMG, left ventral anterior temporal lobe, and left frontal operculum was maximal for tool use planning and gesturing. These results demonstrate that functional connectivity to the left SMG is differentially modulated by tool use and tool transport gesturing, suggesting that distinct tool features computed by the two object processing pathways are integrated in the parietal lobe in the service of tool‐directed action.
Empirically Supported Out-of-the-Box Strategies for Science Communication by Environmental Scientists
Authors: Langan Laura M , Cheng Yuanyuan , Hunka Agnieszka D 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Scientists are expected to communicate their research to a wide audience, while often lacking appreciable training. Environmental science poses many value-laden and ethical questions. This necessitates the identification and use of specific strategies or guidelines, which encourage 2-way communication and enable trust in both the experts and the scientific results. The objective of this paper is to give environmental scientists tools for effective science communication based on sound scientific evidence that does not require further specialization in communication studies. Using common scientific search engines in Europe, scientific communication literature that met specific parameters was identified. The summarized data contextualize the importance of science communication in environmental sciences but also highlight the need of scientists for communication experts to aid in establishing objectives for particularly complex topics and audiences. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:499–504. © 2019 SETAC
Estimating the Mass of Chemicals Associated with Ocean Plastic Pollution to Inform Mitigation Efforts
Authors: De Frond Hannah L , van Sebille Erik , Parnis J Mark , Diamond Miriam L , Mallos Nicholas , Kingsbury Tony , Rochman Chelsea M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Plastic pollution in the marine environment is well documented. What remains less recognized and understood are the chemicals associated with it. Plastics enter the ocean with unreacted monomers, oligomers, and additives, which can leach over time. Moreover, plastics sorb organic and inorganic chemicals from surrounding seawater, for example, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and metals. Thus, interception and cleanup of plastics reduces the amount of chemical contaminants entering or reentering the oceans and removes those already present. Here, we estimate 1) the mass of selected chemical additives entering the global oceans with common plastic debris items, and 2) the mass of sorbed chemicals (using PCBs as a case study) associated with microplastics in selected locations. We estimate the mass of additives that entered the oceans in 2015 as constituents of 7 common plastic debris items (bottles, bottle caps, expanded polystyrene (EPS) containers, cutlery, grocery bags, food wrappers, and straws or stirrers). We calculate that approximately 190 tonnes (t) of 20 chemical additives entered the oceans with these items in 2015. We also estimate the mass of PCBs associated with microplastics in 2 coastal (Hong Kong and Hawaii) and 2 open ocean (North Pacific and South Atlantic gyres) locations, as comparative case studies. We find that the mass of chemicals is related to the mass of plastics in a location, with greater mass of PCBs closer to the source (i.e., land), where there is more plastic per unit area compared to the open ocean. We estimate approximately 85 000 times more PCBs associated with plastics in an average 4.5-km stretch of beach in Hong Kong than from the same size transect in the North Pacific gyre. In conclusion, continuing efforts for plastic interception and cleanup on shorelines effectively reduces the amount of plastic-related chemicals entering and/or reentering the marine environment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:596–606. © 2019 SETAC
“Too big to fail”? The Agrokor case and its impact on West Balkan economies
Authors: Djuric Djuro , Jovanovic Vladimir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFrom about April 2017, Agrokor became the main economic topic in the Balkans. Once the greatest pride of the Croatian economy, it became a serious problem for its government. Its systemic importance for the country and the region required an immediate legislative solution. The Government had Parliament pass a special law intended to save this company. The special law on the procedure of extraordinary administration in companies of systemic importance adopted in April 2017 is an interesting example, because it introduced a new insolvency procedure titled “extraordinary administration” clearly following the example of the Italian Legge Marzano, which was adopted in order to save the Parmalat group in 2003. It also represents an example of a collision of legislation in the case of cross‐border insolvency proceedings inside and outside of the European Union, where different jurisdictions have diverging standpoints on the question of its recognition as a foreign insolvency procedure. However, once the rescue proceedings began, numerous (and some dubious) interests of the different stakeholders came to the light. The government tried not only to rescue the company and its assets throughout the Balkans region but also to acquire control of it. This was especially visible through the prerogatives of the extraordinary commissioner, formally appointed by the court, but in fact a government official. Creditors at risk, mainly Russian and Italian banks, filed lawsuits to prevent the selling of the debtor's assets. At the end, the majority creditors called to vote on the settlement agreement became the new owners of the company. However, Agrokor is still far from the end of the crisis. It has more than 60,000 employees in the region and their destiny depends on the outcome of the crisis. In more recent times, the case also revealed major political scandals.
Impact of nanoencapsulated natural bioactive phenolic metabolites on chitosan nanoparticles as aflatoxins inhibitor
Authors: Mekawey Amal A. I. , El‐Metwally Mohammad M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAflatoxins are part of fungal secondary metabolites which become serious health, environmental, and economic problems and can cause corruption of many crops and agricultural grains that used as food and feed for human and animal. Aflatoxins mainly produce by Aspergillus spp. especially Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The present work aimed to study the effect of nanoencapsulation of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles with two phenolic compounds 1‐(2‐ethyl,6‐heptyl)phenol (EHP) extracted from Cuminum cyminum and 5‐ethyl‐2‐(methoxymethyl)phenol (EMMP) extracted from black pepper on growth and aflatoxins production of A. flavus and A. parasiticus. A. flavus growth was completely inhibited by 0.6 mg/ml of EHP and EMMP as well as A. parasiticus which showed the same minimal inhibition concentration with the first compound and 0.8 mg/ml with the second one. CS nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the tested organisms more than CS especially with A. parasiticus and this potency became much better when nanoencapsulated with the two extracted phenolic compounds. In inhibition of aflatoxins production, EHP reduced the production of aflatoxin B1 and B2 of A. flavus by 68.6% and 69.7%, respectively. In the same manner EMMP reduce the production of the two toxins by 87.3% and 82.6%, respectively. The reduction effect of CS nanoparticles is much more than that of CS as it record in most cases about twofold increase. Nanoencapsulation of CS nanoparticles by the extracted phenolic compounds is much more effective with complete inhibition of aflatoxin B1 of both fungi and aflatoxin G1 of A. parasiticus.