bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Gemini Betaine Surfactant and Its Properties as Foam Drainage Agent
Authors: Qi Hui , Bai Zhonggang , Zhang Qunzheng , Lai Xiaojuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel betaine Gemini surfactant (B18-4-18) was synthesized by two-step reaction with N,N-dimethyl oleoaminde-propylamine, sodium 2-hydroxy-3-chloro propanesulfate and 1,4-dibromobutane as main raw materials. The structure of the synthesized betaine Gemini surfactant was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (1HNMR), the surface tension curve and related parameters were obtained by surface tension measurements. The surface tension of oleamide hydroxypropyl betaine (B18) and the Gemini surfactant (B18-4-18) at different concentrations was measured. The experimental results showed that the structure of the synthesized compounds was in conformity with the expected structure of the surfactants. The critical micelle concentration of B18 was 6.1 × 10−6 mol/L, the corresponding surface tension was 34.27 mN/m. The critical micelle concentration of B18-4-18 was 5.0 × 10−6 mol/L, the corresponding surface tension was 31.67 mN/m at 25°C. The liquid carrying rate of B18 and B18-4-18 can reach 87% and 92% in water respectively. The liquid carrying rate of B18 and B18-4-18 can reach 82% and 84% in 150 000 mg/L mineralized water. The liquid carrying rate of B18 and B18-4-18 can reach 64% and 67% respectively at 10% condensate oil.
Foaming and Cleaning Performance Comparison of Liquid Detergent Formulations using Mixtures of Anionic and Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Karthick R. Arun , Jangir Ketan , Chattopadhyay Pradipta 
Published: March 2018

AbstractModern detergents are typically appreciated for their cleaning performance rather than foaming characteristics. The aim of the current study was to compare the foaming and cleaning abilities of liquid detergents, built from a combination of surfactants, to be applied for household laundry purpose. A total of eighteen different liquid detergent formulations containing mixtures of important anionic, nonionic surfactants, and other additives were prepared. The first set of nine new detergent formulations (S1) was prepared using the surfactants sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), Tween-20 and Tween-80. Another set of nine new detergent formulations (S2) was prepared using surfactants SLS, Triton X-100 and alkyl polyglucoside (APG). The impact of water quality (RO, hypersaline or hard water) on the foam properties of the detergent formulation sets (S1 and S2) was systematically examined. The second set of detergent formulations (S2) showed a better performance in terms of foamability and foam stability, regardless of the water quality. Also, the surface tension of the detergent formulation set S2 was found to be lower and it showed a higher detergency for both cotton and woolen fabrics. The detergency of the formulation no S2.9 (in set S2) was the maximum amongst all the detergent formulations. The surface morphology of the cotton and woolen fabrics, washed with liquid detergent formulation no S2.9, displayed the removal of oily soil and grease from the surface of the fabrics, without affecting the quality of the fabrics.
Magellan/PFS Radial Velocities of GJ 9827, a Late K dwarf at 30 pc with Three Transiting Super-Earths
Authors: Teske Johanna K. , Wang Sharon , Wolfgang Angie , Dai Fei , Shectman Stephen A. , Butler R. Paul , Crane Jeffrey D. , Thompson Ian B. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The Kepler mission showed us that planets with sizes between that of Earth and Neptune appear to be the most common type in our Galaxy. These “super-Earths” continue to be of great interest for exoplanet formation, evolution, and composition studies. However, the number of super-Earths with well-constrained mass and radius measurements remains small (40 planets with σ
mass < 25%), due in part to the faintness of their host stars causing ground-based mass measurements to be challenging. Recently, three transiting super-Earth planets were detected by the K2 mission around the nearby star GJ 9827/HIP 115752, at only 30 pc away. The radii of the planets span the “radius gap” detected by Fulton et al. (2017), and all orbit within ∼6.5 days, easing follow-up observations. Here, we report radial velocity (RV) observations of GJ 9827, taken between 2010 and 2016 with the Planet Finder Spectrograph on the Magellan II Telescope. We employ two different RV analysis packages, SYSTEMIC and RadVel, to derive masses and thus densities of the GJ 9827 planets. We also test a Gaussian Process regression analysis but find the correlated stellar noise is not well constrained by the PFS data and that the GP tends to over-fit the RV semi-amplitudes resulting in a lower K value. Our RV observations are not able to place strong mass constraints on the two outer planets (c and d) but do indicate that planet b, at 1.64 R
⊕ and ∼8 M
⊕, is one of the most massive (and dense) super-Earth planets detected to date.
Subarray Processing for Projection-based RFI Mitigation in Radio Astronomical Interferometers
Authors: Burnett Mitchell C. , Jeffs Brian D. , Black Richard A. , Warnick Karl F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) is a major problem for observations in Radio Astronomy (RA). Adaptive spatial filtering techniques such as subspace projection are promising candidates for RFI mitigation; however, for radio interferometric imaging arrays, these have primarily been used in engineering demonstration experiments rather than mainstream scientific observations. This paper considers one reason that adoption of such algorithms is limited: RFI decorrelates across the interferometric array because of long baseline lengths. This occurs when the relative RFI time delay along a baseline is large compared to the frequency channel inverse bandwidth used in the processing chain. Maximum achievable excision of the RFI is limited by covariance matrix estimation error when identifying interference subspace parameters, and decorrelation of the RFI introduces errors that corrupt the subspace estimate, rendering subspace projection ineffective over the entire array. In this work, we present an algorithm that overcomes this challenge of decorrelation by applying subspace projection via subarray processing (SP-SAP). Each subarray is designed to have a set of elements with high mutual correlation in the interferer for better estimation of subspace parameters. In an RFI simulation scenario for the proposed ngVLA interferometric imaging array with 15 kHz channel bandwidth for correlator processing, we show that compared to the former approach of applying subspace projection on the full array, SP-SAP improves mitigation of the RFI on the order of 9 dB. An example of improved image synthesis and reduced RFI artifacts for a simulated image “phantom” using the SP-SAP algorithm is presented.
One Percent Determination of the Primordial Deuterium Abundance*
Authors: Cooke Ryan J. , Pettini Max , Steidel Charles C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We report a reanalysis of a near-pristine absorption system, located at a redshift

toward the quasar Q1243+307, based on the combination of archival and new data obtained with the HIRES echelle spectrograph on the Keck telescope. This absorption system, which has an oxygen abundance [O/H] = −2.769 ± 0.028 (≃1/600 of the solar abundance), is among the lowest metallicity systems currently known where a precise measurement of the deuterium abundance is afforded. Our detailed analysis of this system concludes, on the basis of eight D i absorption lines, that the deuterium abundance of this gas cloud is

, which is in very good agreement with the results previously reported by Kirkman et al., but with an improvement on the precision of this single measurement by a factor of ∼3.5. Combining this new estimate with our previous sample of six high precision and homogeneously analyzed D/H measurements, we deduce that the primordial deuterium abundance is

or, expressed as a linear quantity,

this value corresponds to a one percent determination of the primordial deuterium abundance. Combining our result with a big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) calculation that uses the latest nuclear physics input, we find that the baryon density derived from BBN agrees to within 2σ of the latest results from the Planck cosmic microwave background data.
The HectoMAP Cluster Survey. II. X-Ray Clusters
Authors: Sohn Jubee , Chon Gayoung , Böhringer Hans , Geller Margaret J. , Diaferio Antonaldo , Hwang Ho Seong , Utsumi Yousuke , Rines Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We apply a friends-of-friends algorithm to the HectoMAP redshift survey and cross-identify associated X-ray emission in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey data (RASS). The resulting flux-limited catalog of X-ray cluster surveys is complete to a limiting flux of ∼3 × 10−13 erg s−1 cm−2 and includes 15 clusters (7 newly discovered) with redshifts z ≤ 0.4. HectoMAP is a dense survey (∼1200 galaxies deg−2) that provides ∼50 members (median) in each X-ray cluster. We provide redshifts for the 1036 cluster members. Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging covers three of the X-ray systems and confirms that they are impressive clusters. The HectoMAP X-ray clusters have an L
X–σ
cl scaling relation similar to that of known massive X-ray clusters. The HectoMAP X-ray cluster sample predicts ∼12,000 ± 3000 detectable X-ray clusters in RASS to the limiting flux, comparable with previous estimates.
A Global Photoionization Response to Prompt Emission and Outliers: Different Origin of Long Gamma-ray Bursts?
Authors: Wang J. , Xin L. P. , Qiu Y. L. , Xu D. W. , Wei J. Y. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
By using the line ratio C iv
λ1549/C ii
λ1335 as a tracer of the ionization ratio of the interstellar medium (ISM) illuminated by a long gamma-ray burst (LGRB), we identify a global photoionization response of the ionization ratio to the photon luminosity of the prompt emission assessed by either L
iso/E
peak or

L

iso

/

E

peak

2

. The ionization ratio increases with both L
iso/E
peak and L
iso/E
2
peak for a majority of the LGRBs in our sample, although there are a few outliers. The identified dependence of C iv/C ii on

L

iso

/

E

peak

2

suggests that the scatter of the widely accepted Amati relation is related to the ionization ratio in the ISM. The outliers tend to have relatively high C iv/C ii values as well as relatively high C iv
λ1549/Si iv
λ1403 ratios, which suggests an existence of Wolf–Rayet stars in the environment of these LGRBs. We finally argue that the outliers and the LGRBs following the identified C iv/C ii−L
iso/E
peak (

L

iso

/

E

peak

2

) correlation might come from different progenitors with different local environments.
On The Origin of Supernova-less Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Dado Shlomo , Dar Arnon 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The fraction of long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) without an associated bright supernova (SN-less GRBs) at low redshifts is comparable to that of GRBs associated with bright supernovae (SN-GRBs). The prompt emission and its fast decline phase in both types of GRBs are well described by the cannonball model of GRBs, where inverse Compton scattering of ambient light is the dominant γ-ray production mechanism. However, in SN-less GRBs, the fast decay of the prompt emission appears to be overtaken by an afterglow powered by a millisecond pulsar, while, in SN-GRBs, the late-time X-ray afterglow is well described by synchrotron radiation from the decelerating jet in the interstellar medium. We use their different X-ray light curves to determine the ratio of SN-less GRBs/SN-GRBs at very high redshifts. We find that at z > 4, this ratio is the same as that at small redshifts. Such a z-independent ratio suggests that the origin of SN-less GRBs is a phase transition of neutron stars to quark stars in high-mass X-ray binaries, rather than the merger of neutron stars.
A UV-to-NIR Study of Molecular Gas in the Dust Cavity around RY Lupi
Authors: Arulanantham N. , France K. , Hoadley K. , Manara C. F. , Schneider P. C. , Alcalá J. M. , Banzatti A. , Günther H. M. , Miotello A. , Marel N. van der , Dishoeck E. F. van , Walsh C. , Williams J. P. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We present a study of molecular gas in the inner disk

around RY Lupi, with spectra from HST-COS, HST-STIS, and VLT-CRIRES. We model the radial distribution of flux from hot gas in a surface layer between r = 0.1–10 au, as traced by Lyα-pumped H2. The result shows H2 emission originating in a ring centered at ∼3 au that declines within r < 0.1 au, which is consistent with the behavior of disks with dust cavities. An analysis of the H2 line shapes shows that a two-component Gaussian profile

is statistically preferred to a single-component Gaussian. We interpret this as tentative evidence for gas emitting from radially separated disk regions

. The 4.7 μm 12CO emission lines are also well fit by two-component profiles

. We combine these results with 10 μm observations to form a picture of gapped structure within the mm-imaged dust cavity, providing the first such overview of the inner regions of a young disk. The HST SED of RY Lupi is available online for use in modeling efforts.
An Incidental Finding of AL‑associated Amyloidosis Presenting as Gastric Ulcers
Authors: Huq Nadia , Thohan Vinay , Guda Nalini M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal tract amyloidosis has been reported in rare instances and related symptoms are usually nonspecific to the disease process. We present a patient who initially had melena on anticoagulation and endoscopy revealed a bleeding gastric ulcer. Hemostasis was achieved. The patient had a recurrence of symptoms despite being off anticoagulation months later and at that time repeat endoscopy showed multiple gastric ulcers with surrounding friable mucosa. Biopsy results were significant for light chain associated‑amyloidosis. This case represents a rare cause of gastric ulcer.
Pancreatico‑pleural Fistula: Case Series
Authors: Munirathinam Manoj , Thangavelu Pugazhendhi , Kini Ratnakar 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPancreatico‑pleural fistula is a rare but serious complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis. The pleural effusion caused by pancreatico‑pleural fistula is usually massive and recurrent. It is predominately left‑sided but right‑sided and bilateral effusion does occur. We report four cases of pancreatico‑pleural fistula admitted to our hospital. Their clinical presentation and management aspects are discussed. Two patients were managed by pancreatic endotherapy and two patients were managed conservatively. All four patients improved symptomatically and were discharged and are on regular follow‑up. Most of these patients would be evaluated for their breathlessness and pleural effusion delaying the diagnosis of pancreatic pathology and management. Hence, earlier recognition and prompt treatment would help the patients to recover from their illnesses. Pancreatic pleural fistula diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion in patients presenting with chest symptoms or pleural effusion. Extremely high pleural fluid amylase levels are usual but not universally present. A chest X‑ray, pleural fluid analysis, and abdominal imaging (magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography/magnetic resonance imaging abdomen more useful than contrast‑enhanced computed tomography abdomen) would clinch the diagnosis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stent or sphincterotomy should be considered when pancreatic duct (PD) reveals a stricture or when medical management fails in patients with dilated or irregular PD. Surgical intervention may be indicated in patients with complete disruption of PD or multiple strictures.
Analysis of the distributions of hourly NO2 concentrations contributing to annual average NO2 concentrations across the European monitoring network between 2000 and 2014
Authors: Malley Christopher S. , von Schneidemesser Erika , Moller Sarah , Braban Christine F. , Hicks W. Kevin , Heal Mathew R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is associated with
negative human health effects, both for short-term “peak” concentrations and
from long-term exposure to a wider range of NO2 concentrations. For the
latter, the European Union has established an air quality limit value of 40 µg m−3 as an annual average. However, factors such as proximity
and strength of local emissions, atmospheric chemistry, and meteorological
conditions mean that there is substantial variation in the hourly NO2
concentrations contributing to an annual average concentration. The aim of
this analysis was to quantify the nature of this variation at thousands of
monitoring sites across Europe through the calculation of a standard set of
“chemical climatology” statistics. Specifically, at each monitoring site that
satisfied data capture criteria for inclusion in this analysis, annual
NO2 concentrations, as well as the percentage contribution from each
month, hour of the day, and hourly NO2 concentrations divided into 5 µg m−3 bins were calculated. Across Europe, 2010–2014 average annual NO2 concentrations (NO2AA)
exceeded the annual NO2 limit value at 8 % of > 2500 monitoring sites. The application of this “chemical climatology” approach
showed that sites with distinct monthly, hour of day, and hourly NO2
concentration bin contributions to NO2AA were not grouped into specific
regions of Europe, furthermore, within relatively small geographic regions there were
sites with similar NO2AA, but with differences in these contributions.
Specifically, at sites with highest NO2AA, there were generally similar
contributions from across the year, but there were also differences in the
contribution of peak vs. moderate hourly NO2 concentrations to
NO2AA, and from different hours across the day. Trends between 2000 and
2014 for 259 sites indicate that, in general, the contribution to NO2AA
from winter months has increased, as has the contribution from the rush-hour
periods of the day, while the contribution from peak hourly NO2
concentrations has decreased. The variety of monthly, hour of day and hourly
NO2 concentration bin contributions to NO2AA, across cities,
countries and regions of Europe indicate that within relatively small
geographic areas different interactions between emissions, atmospheric
chemistry and meteorology produce variation in NO2AA and the conditions
that produce it. Therefore, measures implemented to reduce NO2AA in one
location may not be as effective in others. The development of strategies to
reduce NO2AA for an area should therefore consider (i) the variation in monthly,
hour of day, and hourly NO2 concentration bin contributions to
NO2AA within that area; and (ii) how specific mitigation actions will
affect variability in hourly NO2 concentrations.
Multi-generation chemical aging of α-pinene ozonolysis products by reactions with OH
Authors: Wang Ningxin , Kostenidou Evangelia , Donahue Neil M. , Pandis Spyros N. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere can be thought of as a
succession of oxidation steps. The production of later-generation SOA via
continued oxidation of the first-generation products is defined as chemical
aging. This study investigates aging in the α-pinene ozonolysis
system with hydroxyl radicals (OH) through smog chamber experiments. The
first-generation α-pinene ozonolysis products were allowed to react
further with OH formed via HONO photolysis. After an equivalent of 2–4 days
of typical atmospheric oxidation conditions, homogeneous OH oxidation of the
α-pinene ozonolysis products resulted in a 20–40 % net increase
in the SOA for the experimental conditions used in this work. A more
oxygenated product distribution was observed after aging based on the
increase in aerosol atomic oxygen-to-carbon ratio (O : C) by up to 0.04.
Experiments performed at intermediate relative humidity (RH) of 50 %
showed no significant difference in additional SOA formation during aging
compared to those performed at a low RH of less than 20 %.
The ESA GOME-Evolution “Climate” water vapor product: a homogenized time series of H2O columns from GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2
Authors: Beirle Steffen , Lampel Johannes , Wang Yang , Mies Kornelia , Dörner Steffen , Grossi Margherita , Loyola Diego , Dehn Angelika , Danielczok Anja , Schröder Marc , Wagner Thomas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We present time series of the global distribution of water vapor columns over more than 2 decades based on measurements from the satellite instruments GOME, SCIAMACHY, and GOME-2 in the red spectral range. A particular focus is the consistency amongst the different sensors to avoid jumps from one instrument to another. This is reached by applying robust and simple retrieval settings consistently. Potentially systematic effects due to differences in ground pixel size are avoided by merging SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 observations to GOME spatial resolution, which also allows for a consistent treatment of cloud effects. In addition, the GOME-2 swath is reduced to that of GOME and SCIAMACHY to have consistent viewing geometries.Remaining systematic differences between the different sensors are investigated during overlap periods and are corrected for in the homogenized time series. The resulting Climate product v2.2 (https://doi.org/10.1594/WDCC/GOME-EVL_water_vapor_clim_v2.2) allows the study of the temporal evolution of water vapor over the last 20 years on a global scale.
Looking Back from the Year 2117: America, Philosophy, and Hope
Authors: Craig Megan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
This article employs Richard Rorty's 1996 text “Looking Backwards from the Year 2096” as a model for examining the state of America, education, and philosophy from the year 2117. The imaginative engagement explores how past and present structures might yield to future forms with a focus on early childhood education, guns, literacy, higher education and the state of the university, and the relationships between professional philosophy and social activism in America. Arguing for a shift in the paradigms of thinking and writing to include more revolutionary and artistic practice, this essay envisions a future in which philosophy takes increasingly pluralistic, creative, and political forms. Rorty's prophetic writings serve as one example of the value of imagination in the production of social change, hope, and the destabilization of entrenched patterns of thought.
Lost, Looking Around, and Looking Ahead
Authors: Stuhr John J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
In this article I argue that contemporary philosophy is lost in several important senses and that its recovery requires that we understand philosophy as a fundamentally creative endeavor; an expressive, evocative, imaginative, and visionary art; an art of life, like poetry and theater, music and painting, films and sculpture, installations and architecture, graffiti and graphic novels, ballet and basketball; a province of meaning rather than, more than, fact. I show how this changed self-understanding in turn would change the questions philosophers ask. And I argue that this view of philosophy requires a commitment to pluralism in both theory and practice.