bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Reporting Guidelines and Clinical Trial Registry Requirements Among Orthopaedic Surgery Journals
Authors: Checketts Jake X. , Sims Mathew T. , Detweiler Byron , Middlemist Kevin , Jones Jaclyn , Vassar Matt 
Published: February 2018

Background:
The responsibility for ensuring that studies are adequately reported is primarily that of those conducting the study; however, journal policies may influence how thoroughly authors choose to report their research. The use of reporting guidelines and prospective trial registration are promising avenues for ensuring that published studies adhere to the highest methodological standards. The purpose of this study is to evaluate orthopaedic surgery journal policies regarding reporting guidelines and trial registration, and to evaluate the effects that these policies have on adherence to reporting.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of journal policies and “Instructions for Authors” to determine the journals’ policies and guidance regarding use of reporting guidelines and study registration. We also examined whether trials published in journals referencing CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) had higher rates of compliance with publishing a CONSORT flow diagram and whether journals with trial registration policies were more likely to contain registered trials than journals without these requirements.

Results:
Of the 21 orthopaedic surgery journals, 6 (29%) did not mention a single guideline, and clinical trial registration was required by 11 (52%) orthopaedic surgery journals and recommended by 2 (10%). Of the 21 general medical journals, 3 (14%) did not mention a single guideline, and trial registration was required by 13 (62%) general medical journals and recommended by 5 (24%) others. Furthermore, journals that referenced CONSORT were more likely to publish trials with a CONSORT flow diagram. Journals with trial registration policies were more likely to publish registered trials.

Conclusions:
Reporting guidelines and trial registration are suboptimally required or recommended by orthopaedic surgery journals. These 2 mechanisms may improve methodology and quality, and should be considered for adoption by journal editors in orthopaedic surgery.

Clinical Relevance:
Because orthopaedic surgeons rely on high-quality research to direct patient care, measures must be taken to ensure that published research is of the highest quality. The use of reporting guidelines and prospective clinical trial registration may improve the quality of orthopaedic research, thereby improving patient care.
Significance of Geochemistry in Single-Well Chemical-Tracer Tests by Coupling a Multiphase-Flow Simulator to the Geochemical Package
Authors: Khaledialidusti Rasoul , Kleppe Jon 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Single-well chemical tracer (SWCT) is the most commonly used field method to determine oil or water saturation in one-well enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) pilots. Because hydrolysis of an ester, which is the main part of the method, leads to forming acid as well as alcohol, the equilibrium state of the reservoir is disturbed, and thus the pH changes. It is generally accepted that the hydrolysis-reaction rate is mainly dependent on the pH and temperature. Therefore, it is required to know the extent to which this dependency might affect the shape of the product-tracer profiles and the numerical interpretation of the field-test data for computing residual oil saturation (Sor). In this study, this notion has been investigated by coupling a multiphase-flow simulator to the geochemistry package PHREEQC (Parkhust and Appelo 2013).
In this study, the PHREEQC geochemical simulator has been used to illustrate the extent to which different parameters might affect the pH variation during the test. The PHREEQC database has been modified to take the ester-hydrolysis reaction into account by adding the ester, alcohol, and acid-product species. The hydrolysis-reaction mechanisms of ester have also been programmed to account for the dependency of the hydrolysis reaction on the pH.
Also, because ester partitions into the oil phase and travels behind the water phase (i.e., Darcy velocity), performing two-phase flow would be necessary to highlight the significance of the pH dependency of the hydrolysis-reaction rate on the tracer profiles. For doing that, a multiphase Buckley-Leverett (BL) flow simulation is coupled with IPhreeqc, which is an open-source module of the PHREEQC geochemical package. Then, a California Turbidite SWCT test has been re-evaluated to verify the approach. At the end, the geochemistry of a reservoir with an almost weak resistance (high temperature and weak buffer capacity) against pH variation in the SWCT test has been studied using the geochemical-based approach. The results show that the variation of the hydrolysis rate with pH could affect mainly the tail edge of the predicted tracer profiles, and it could marginally affect the apex of the profiles; however, it might affect the interpreted value of the Sor measurement as the resistance against pH variation becomes weaker. In these conditions, adapting the SWCT-test designs (i.e., shut-in time and injecting lower concentration of ester) could diminish the pH variation.
The pH dependency of the hydrolysis-reaction rate is recommended for the numerical interpretation of the field SWCT-test data. The results of this study can be used to minimize the uncertainties of the SWCT tests and to improve the reliability of the Sor measurements.
TOPLUM ARKEOLOJİSİ TARİH VE KÜLTÜR BİLİNCİ KAZANDIRMADA ARKEOLOGLARIN ROLÜ: MYNDOS ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞAHİN Derya 
Published: February 2018

Myndos,
Muğla İli, Bodrum İlçesi, Gümüşlük Beldesinde yer alan bir ören yeridir. Karakaya İlköğretim Okulu ve Myndos Kazı
Başkanlığı ile birlikte yürütülmüş olan projenin temel amacı, yerli halk ve
yakın çevrede yaşayan insanlara sahip oldukları kültür varlıkları ve bunların
önemi hakkında bilgilendirmek, insan ve kültür varlıkları arasında bir sevgi ve
tanıma ortamı kurarak, vandalizm, definecilik, kaçakçılık gibi metotlarla
kültür varlıklarına zarar vermeyecek ve onları her türlü kötü müdahaleye karşı
koruyacak bireylerin yetişmesine yardımcı olmaktır. Bununla birlikte bir diğer
amaç ise yaşadığı çevresinde bulunan geçmiş kültürleri tanıyarak, onları
anlayan ve dünya kültür tarihindeki önemini kavrayan bilinçli nesillerin
yetişmesine yardımcı olmaktadır.

Proje ile öğrencilere
yaşadıkları çevrenin sunduğu tarihi ve kültürel kaynakların tanıtılması ve
bireylerde koruma konusunda bir bilinç oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.
Eğitimlerde, uzman bir kadro tarafından belirlenen konular, öğrencilere
öğretmen-öğrenci hiyerarşisinden uzak, katılımcı ve sorgulayıcı bir yaklaşımla
aktarılmıştır. Elde edilen kazanımlar öğrencilerin geri bildiriminde açık bir
şekilde görülmektedir.
Amine Containing Analogs of Sulindac for Cancer Prevention
Authors: Mathew Bini , Hobrath Judith V. , Connelly Michele C. , Guy R. Kiplin , Reynolds Robert C. 
Published: February 2018

Background:Sulindac belongs to the chemically diverse family of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) that effectively prevent adenomatous colorectal polyps and colon cancer, especially in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Sulindac sulfide amide (SSA), an amide analog of sulindac sulfide, shows insignificant COX-related activity and toxicity while enhancing anticancer activityin vitroand demonstratingin vivoxenograft activity.Objective:Develop structure-activity relationships in the sulindac amine series and identify analogs with promising anticancer activities.Method:A series of sulindac amine analogs were designed and synthesized and then further modified in a “libraries from libraries” approach to produce amide, sulfonamide and N,N-disubstituted sulindac amine sub-libraries. All analogs were screened against three cancer cell lines (prostate, colon and breast).Results:Several active compounds were identifiedviain vitrocancer cell line screening with the most potent compound (26) in the nanomolar range.Conclusion:Compound26and analogs showing the most potent inhibitory activity may be considered for further design and optimization efforts as anticancer hit scaffolds.
STRATEGIES MATRIMONIALES ET APPROPRIATION DE LA TERRE CHEZ LES YANSI. Pour une grande solidarité entre generations.
Authors: Moke Key Willy-Roland Mfukala 
Published: February 2018

A weak concentration of landowner system is among the main properties of African people specially those in the South of Sahara. To have acces to land is a question which concerns above all the level of rationalisation than that of true distribution. This paper deals with the strategies of both landowner system and marriage settlement in the Yansi society. The Yansi people are living in the Kinzwene area specially in the constituency of Bagata in the province of Bandundu of Zaïre country. These people have opted for a marriage settlement based on matriarchy. With reference to Bohanman's methodes of conception to write down this paper, we have proceeded by confrontation of these methods to the Yansi social reality. From this we can say: the land appropriation and the one af a woman (as spouse) are from a system of affectation to using things but not from the right to have it used according to the european common law which is based on the former roman law.Only one adage rules the both landowner and marriage settlement strategies: "NSO MPE NGUL M'WAG" (if a cassava field is left, it is given to wild boars). This maxim brings a reply to the women moving, the fields and the properties regime inside the same linear system or in the archilinear one.According to Yansi people, landowner system is a question which concerns at the same time the economic, the social and cultural aspects. What is called "formal marriage " (Ukwel Kituiil) is a kind of marriage settlement strategyboth social and temporal.Tlie Yansi landowner system and marriage settlement are to be seen as a way tot remain interdependent from generations to others.
The Intellectuals in Cameroon under the Rule of Ahidjo (1958-1982)
Authors: Emagna Maximin 
Published: February 2018

A study concerning the intellectuals of the Third World in general, and African intellectuals in particular, should not exclude the political context in which intellectuals live and work. Indeed, democracy cannot truly emerge and remain durable without the existence of freedom of thought and criticism. In Cameroon, intellectuals and their ideas have always been considered seditious and subversive. For this reason, they have often been persecuted. Some have chosen freely or by the force of circumstances to become bureaucrats within the administrative and political structures of the country to ensure their survival (political and social immortality) as also that of their family. Others, by principle, have combined their intellectual and cyclical factors which push intellectuals either to become civil servants or to choose exile. It also contradicts the idea of intellectual deficiency in Africa. Indeed, some categories of intellectuals such as writers, via their writings, ask questions and provide a critical review of the economic, political and social reality of the country. They even propose alternative ideas and proposals to such questions as management, government and governance in the coutry. Dictatorships may destroy individuals, but never ideas or the spirit of liberty.
Congo. A classic example of colonialism.
Authors: Blondeel William , Foutry Vita , Van Mensel Alfons 
Published: February 2018

This is a reprint, accompanied by a French translation, of an interview with Jef Van Bilsen (1913-1996), the former Belgian adviser to the first Congolese President, Joseph Kasavubu. The interview was conducted when Van Bilsen was a professor at the University of Ghent. Van Bilsen is questioned about his 'Thirty Years Plan' to prepare the Belgian Congo for independence. The plan, published in 1955, provoked strong criticism in the Belgian political and academic establishment because at that time decolonisation was not accepted on the political agenda, at least not within thirty years. Van Bilsen describes the narrow minded and extreme paternalistic vision of the Belgian colonial administration and the awakening of Congolese nationalism. The consequence of this cramped policy is that in 1960 Belgium grants independence to the Congo in a reaction of panic and in a completely unprepared way. Furthermore, Van Bilsen relates, as a privileged witness, the disastrous outcome of foreign interference in the struggle between President Kasavubu, Prime Minister Lumumba and the Katangese secessionist, Tshombe. He cites his statement to Tshombe that Lumumba could not be seen as a communist and reports how he advocated a compromise between the three opponents.
The place of Sub-Sahara Africa in the Worldsportsystem
Authors: Dejonghe Trudo 
Published: February 2018

The contemporary world sportsystem is developed through globalisation with its homogenisation and heterogenisation processes. The result of these opposite forces is the division of the world in 6 classes. Sub-Sahara Africa underwent, with the exception of South- Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe, a total and passive acceptance of the western (British) modern sports. The place of that part of Africa is analogue to and correlates with its place in Wallerstein's world- system periphery. The introduction of modern sports is associated with the spatial diffusion of the 19th century British hegemonic cultural imperialism. The purpose of this policy was a transformation of the traditional society into a modern functional world-culture and the incorporation of that part of the world in the world-system.The anti-western feelings after the independence resulted in a political Pan-Africanism. However, sport and more specific soccer, a typical product of the western domination, has not been rejected. On the contrary, local politicians used it to create a national identity. The strong link between soccer and soil resulted in a strong form of topophily. This connection was transformed into sportnationalism and created in the, through artificial borders developed, nations a unity and a national pride. The outcome of sport games was used to demonstrate the successes in politics and economics. The absence of any political platform on which the Third World had a strong voice brought about that the international sport scene, such as the FIFA, was used for the unification of the Third World against the former colonial powers. Nowadays, the globalisation processes result in an increasing labour migration of African football players to the rich core competitions in Europe. This form of migration can be classified as another form of "cash crop" or in this case "foot drain.. " "As Roman imperialism laid the foundation of modern civilisation and led wild barbarians of these islands (Britain) along the path of progress, so in Africa today we are repaying the debt, and bringing to the dark places of the earth — the abode of barbarism and cruelty — the torch of culture and progress... we hold these countries because it is the genius of our race to colonise, to trade and to govern "(quote by the English educationist Sir Frederick Lugard (1858-1954) in Mandell, 1986: p.102).Key Words: foot drain, globalisation, labour migration, national identity, soccer, sport nationalism, world sport-system.
Media and Cultural Imperialism in Burkina Faso
Authors: Balima Serge Théophile 
Published: February 2018

The various kinds of information released in the press and other media are cultural products that partake in the shaping of citizens' opinions and minds. Radio and television in particular present their audiences in Burkina Faso with various life-styles through diverse entertainment programmes which have grown popular among the urban population. These are fertile fields for cultural imperialism in the country. In the on-going process of internationalization of culture facilitated by the new communication technology, the cultural identity of Africans is increasingly threatened. This phenomenon is the result of adverse political and economic conditions with significant cultural consequences. In the long run, these cultural consequences will lead to the marginalization of Africa on the international scene and its increased dependence on the western powers.Key Words: culture, imperialism, influence, information, media, uniformity.
Development and Maintenance of the Ethiopian Legal Information Website
Authors: Alemu Getaneh Agegn 
Published: February 2018

Information and Communication Technology in general and the internet in particular have been creating unprecedented opportunities in facilitating and streamlining access to information. Websites have become a common way of publishing legal information for the public in many countries. In Ethiopia, however, the availability of legal websites has been very limited or non-existent. Except for the constitution, no other basic Ethiopian law has ever been published online. To benefit from the tremendous potentials of the internet, a project was initiated to develop an Ethiopian Legal Information Web Site.Based on users' requirements obtained from questionnaire analysis, and current paradigms and implications, the Ethiopian Legal Information Website was designed, developed, implemented and maintained. The website is an online database of Ethiopian basic laws developed by Mekelle University, Ethiopia, in cooperation with the Non-Western Law Department of Ghent University, Belgium.Basic laws included on the site at present are the Ethiopian Constitution, Civil Code, Criminal Code, Civil Procedure Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Commercial Code and Family Code. The laws can be viewed and used in full text html, whereas some of the laws including the 2004 Criminal Code, Family Code, FDKE Constitution and the Tigray Regional State Constitution are available in pdf Laws can be searched by keywords using the site search engine. Comments and suggestions from experts and Ethiopian laws users have been collected, hence modifications, improvements and additions have been made to the website. The Ethiopian Legal Information Website was first hosted on the University of Ghent internet server and currently in the Mekelle University server at http://mail.mu.edu. et/~ethiopialaws/.1 The Ethiopian Legal Information Website has been found to be a useful web portal to access and use the basic Ethiopian laws. The University of Ghent, ILO, the Library of Congress, AUSTLII, WASHLAW, WIKIPEDIA and other major legal web portals make citations in reference to the site. While the website currently contains only the basic laws of the federal government, an action plan is prepared to include regional laws of Ethiopia. Other legal information including amendments to the laws, decisions and legal news will also be included on the site, hence a comprehensive Ethiopian Legal Web Portal will be developed and maintained. Key Words: Legal Information, Legal Information Website, Digital Divide
Les jeunes dans la rébellion du nord de la Côte d’Ivoire : les raisons de la mobilisation
Authors: Fofana Moussa 
Published: February 2018

The armed conflict that started on 19th September 2002 in Côte d’Ivoire has led to the temporary de facto separation of the country into two entities. The rebels of the “Forces Nouvelles” have control of the north while the “Loyalist” camp has retained control of the south. The “Forces Nouvelles” have justfied their actions against the regime by denouncing the social injustice and discrimination that Northerners are said to endure. Also substantial numbers of youths from the North joined the rebel force. This study is based on in depth interviews conducted with 22 of such youths and their leaders. It gives a thorough account of their reasons for enlistment and their perceptions of the conflict. The reasons can be categorized as follows: in the first instance, the fighters claim their right to be fully recognized as Ivorian citizens and to be given official ID cards. Many also express an unwillingness to tolerate the abuses the national security forces have perpetrated against them, alongside their desire for revenge; their search for protection or, in a more self-interested way, their desire to pursue a military career. The study also highlights the influence that parents and peers from the neighbourhood can have on the decision to enlist and specific Northern “national” discourse discriminated by the rebellion. In the end, far from carrying secessionist claims, the discourses we have recorded express frustration at the continuing exclusion of Northerners from participation in the state. Beyond individual cases, we hypothesize that rebelling has been a way for the youths to re-negotiate their sense of belonging to and in the Nation.Key words: Côte d'Ivoire, Forces Nouvelles, rébellion, political violence, violent engagement
Aids in Africa
Authors: Goubau Patrick , Surmont Ignace , Piot Peter 
Published: February 2018

AIDS (Acquired Immunization Deficiency Syndrome), first described in I 9 8 I in the United States, is at present ascertained on every continent. Since its description, our knowledge about AIDS has advanced with giant steps, with regard to its causal agent, clinical image, biological effects and epidemiology. Although it is everywhere the same disease, its epidemiology and impact on society vary from one continent to another depending on the human, social and economic conditions of the countries which are affected. The first African cases were noticed in 1983. Since then the presence of AIDS has been confirmed in numerous sub-Saharan African countries. Our goal is to present here some characteristic features of the AIDS-epidemic in Africa and to offer some points of reflection for future action. KEYWORDS : AIDS, Africa, diagnostics, epidemiology, treatment
The killing Desert? Drought, nomadic Traditions and Development Administration with the Turkana
Authors: Wymeersch Patrick , Beke Dirk 
Published: February 2018

The Turkana are nomadic pastoralists who live in the desert regions of northwestern Kenya. The majority of the Turkana practice no agriculture nor fishing and live exclusively from the products of their livestock (milk, blood and meat). They keep multiple species herds (cattle, camels, goats, sheep and donkeys) in order to buffer the variations in the quality and distribution of vegetal resources and water requirements. The Turkana were one of many affected by several droughts. Although the famine which resulted from the sharp drop in food production was dramatized by international press, insecurity of food availability is characteristic of pastoral production systems. One technique used by the Turkana to exploit an environment where the availability of food is inconsistent, sparse and scattered, is the management of herds composed by many species which can be divided in the dry season into different herds. The second technique used to manage livestock is mobility and raiding cattle from neighbouring ethnic groups. In times of stress the Turkana utilize a system of social ties, obligations and rights which they build up over a lifetime. Important social relationships are reconfirmed periodically via the exchange of livestock between friends. The not integrated new projects in Turkana land could lead to destruction of the ecology, and to a breakdown of the pastoral system and of the system of social ties which has enabled generations of Turkana to cope with the stresses imposed by living in a harsh and unpredictable environment.KEYWORDS : development administration, drought, Kenya, nomads, traditional pastoralism, Turkana.