bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationalising the use of cardiac catheterisation before Glenn completion
Authors: James Lorraine , Tandon Animesh , Nugent Alan , Malik Sadia , Ramaciotti Claudio , Greil Gerald , Zabala Luis , Forbess Joseph , Hussain Tarique 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that cardiac MRI can be used to evaluate the suitability for infants to undergo the Glenn operation after having undergone the Norwood procedure. We sought to analyse our institutional data retrospectively to identify whether such a policy would be advisable in the current era. We reviewed patients who underwent the Norwood procedure between 1 January, 2006 and 1 January, 2016. All patients undergoing evaluation for the Glenn procedure received clinical evaluation, echocardiography, and cardiac catheterisation. A total of 179 patients were identified; 154 patients (86%) survived to undergo cardiac catheterisation as part of evaluation for the Glenn, and all who were evaluated did not eventually receive the Glenn. Using said algorithm, if cardiac MRI or CT were to be used to rationalise the use of catheterisation, 26 of 154 patients would have required catheterisation after cross-sectional imaging identified vascular obstruction; 83 of 154 patients would have received cross-sectional imaging only; and 45 of 154 would have had catheterisation only. All cases that required intervention, excluding aortopulmonary collaterals, and all cases that were not suitable to progress would have been correctly identified using clinical and echocardiographic criteria in addition to cardiac cross-sectional imaging to rationalise the use of catheterisation. Thus, in cases with acceptable clinical, echocardiographic, and angiographic findings, the additional haemodynamic information from catheterisation is rarely of use for decision-making, and interventions can largely be predicted by angiographic imaging modalities.
Persistent social inequality in low intake of vegetables among adolescents, 2002–2014
Authors: Rasmussen Mette , Pedersen Trine Pagh , Johnsen Nina Føns , Krølner Rikke Fredenslund , Holstein Bjørn E 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the trend in social inequality in low intake of vegetables among adolescents in Denmark from 2002 to 2014 using occupational social class (OSC) as socio-economic indicator.DesignRepeated cross-sectional school surveys including four waves of data collection in 2002–2014. The analyses focused on absolute social inequality (difference between high and low OSC in low vegetable intake) as well as relative social inequality (OR for low vegetable intake by OSC).SettingThe nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Denmark.SubjectsThe study population was 11–15-year olds (n 17 243).ResultsLow intake of vegetables was defined as less than weekly intake measured by food frequency items. OSC was measured by student reports of parents’ occupation. The proportion of participants who reported eating vegetables less than once weekly was 8·9 %, with a notable decrease from 11·9 % in 2002 to 5·9 % in 2014. The OR (95 % CI) for less than weekly vegetable intake was 2·28 (1·98, 2·63) in the middle compared with high OSC and 3·12 (2·67, 3·66) in the low compared with high OSC. The absolute social inequality in low vegetable intake decreased from 2002 to 2014 but the relative social inequality remained unchanged.ConclusionsThe study underscores that it is important to address socio-economic factors in future efforts to promote vegetable intake among adolescents. The statistical analyses of social inequality in vegetable intake demonstrate that it is important to address both absolute and relative social inequality as these two phenomena may develop differently.
Synaptic loss in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and systematic review of synaptic protein and mRNA measures
Authors: Osimo Emanuele Felice , Beck Katherine , Reis Marques Tiago , Howes Oliver D 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough synaptic loss is thought to be core to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, the nature, consistency and magnitude of synaptic protein and mRNA changes has not been systematically appraised. Our objective was thus to systematically review and meta-analyse findings. The entire PubMed database was searched for studies from inception date to the 1st of July 2017. We selected case-control postmortem studies in schizophrenia quantifying synaptic protein or mRNA levels in brain tissue. The difference in protein and mRNA levels between cases and controls was extracted and meta-analysis conducted. Among the results, we found a significant reduction in synaptophysin in schizophrenia in the hippocampus (effect size: −0.65, p < 0.01), frontal (effect size: −0.36, p = 0.04), and cingulate cortices (effect size: −0.54, p = 0.02), but no significant changes for synaptophysin in occipital and temporal cortices, and no changes for SNAP-25, PSD-95, VAMP, and syntaxin in frontal cortex. There were insufficient studies for meta-analysis of complexins, synapsins, rab3A and synaptotagmin and mRNA measures. Findings are summarised for these, which generally show reductions in SNAP-25, PSD-95, synapsin and rab3A protein levels in the hippocampus but inconsistency in other regions. Our findings of moderate–large reductions in synaptophysin in hippocampus and frontal cortical regions, and a tendency for reductions in other pre- and postsynaptic proteins in the hippocampus are consistent with models that implicate synaptic loss in schizophrenia. However, they also identify potential differences between regions and proteins, suggesting synaptic loss is not uniform in nature or extent.
MiR-16-5p targets SESN1 to regulate the p53 signaling pathway, affecting myoblast proliferation and apoptosis, and is involved in myoblast differentiation
Authors: Cai Bolin , Ma Manting , Chen Biao , Li Zhenhui , Abdalla Bahareldin Ali , Nie Qinghua , Zhang Xiquan 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of myoblasts are essential processes in skeletal muscle development. During this developmental process, microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles. In our previous RNA-seq study (accession number GSE62971), we found that miR-16-5p was differentially expressed between fast and slow growth in chicken. In this study, we report that miR-16-5p could inhibit myoblast proliferation, promote myoblast apoptosis, and repress myoblast differentiation by directly binding to the 3′ UTR of SESN1, which is also differentially expressed. Overexpression of SESN1 significantly promoted the proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and induced differentiation of myoblasts. Conversely, its loss of function hampered myoblast proliferation, facilitated myoblast apoptosis, and inhibited myoblast differentiation. Interestingly, we found SESN1 could regulate p53 by a feedback mechanism, thereby participating in the regulation of p53 signaling pathway, which suggests that this feedback is indispensable for myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. Altogether, these data demonstrated that miR-16-5p directly targets SESN1 to regulate the p53 signaling pathway, and therefore affecting myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. Additionally, SESN1 targets myogenic genes to control myoblast differentiation.
Cytochrome c speeds up caspase cascade activation by blocking 14-3-3ε-dependent Apaf-1 inhibition
Authors: Elena-Real Carlos A. , Díaz-Quintana Antonio , González-Arzola Katiuska , Velázquez-Campoy Adrián , Orzáez Mar , López-Rivas Abelardo , Gil-Caballero Sergio , De la Rosa Miguel Á. , Díaz-Moreno Irene 
Published: March 2018

AbstractApoptosis is a highly regulated form of programmed cell death, essential to the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Cytochrome c is a central figure in the activation of the apoptotic intrinsic pathway, thereby activating the caspase cascade through its interaction with Apaf-1. Our recent studies have revealed 14-3-3ε (a direct inhibitor of Apaf-1) as a cytosolic cytochrome c target. Here we explore the cytochrome c / 14-3-3ε interaction and show the ability of cytochrome c to block 14-3-3ε-mediated Apaf-1 inhibition, thereby unveiling a novel function for cytochrome c as an indirect activator of caspase-9/3. We have used calorimetry, NMR spectroscopy, site mutagenesis and computational calculations to provide an insight into the structural features of the cytochrome c / 14-3-3ε complex. Overall, these findings suggest an additional cytochrome c-mediated mechanism to modulate apoptosome formation, shedding light onto the rigorous apoptotic regulation network.
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells protect lung endothelial cells from pyroptosis in sepsis
Authors: Lai Dengming , Tang Jing , Chen Linsong , Fan Erica K. , Scott Melanie J. , Li Yuehua , Billiar Timothy R. , Wilson Mark A. , Fang Xiangming , Shu Qiang , Fan Jie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGroup 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are one of three subgroups of innate lymphoid cells (ILC1, ILC2, and ILC3), and the major ILC population detected in the lungs. The function of ILC2 in the regulation of lung inflammation remains unclear. In the current study, we explored an important role of ILC2 in protecting lung endothelial cell (EC) from pyroptosis in sepsis-induced acute lung inflammation and the underlying mechanism. Using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) mouse sepsis model, we demonstrated that IL-33, which is released in response to sepsis, acting through its receptor ST2 mediates ILC2 expansion in the lungs. We further showed that the increased ILC2 in the lungs secrete IL-9, which in turn prevents lung EC from undergoing pyroptosis, a pro-inflammatory cell death form, by attenuating caspase-1 activation. These findings suggest a previously unidentified innate pathway that negatively regulates lung inflammation following sepsis.
Author Correction: Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce metalloprotease-independent cancer cell invasion of the basement membrane
Authors: Glentis Alexandros , Oertle Philipp , Mariani Pascale , Chikina Aleksandra , El Marjou Fatima , Attieh Youmna , Zaccarini Francois , Lae Marick , Loew Damarys , Dingli Florent , Sirven Philemon , Schoumacher Marie , Gurchenkov Basile G. , Plodinec Marija , Vignjevic Danijela Matic 
Published: March 2018

In the original version of this Article, financial support and contributions in manuscript preparation were not fully acknowledged. The PDF and HTML versions of the Article have now been corrected to include the following:‘M.P. and P.O. would like to thank Prof. Roderick Y.H. Lim for advice during manuscript preparation and for providing the laboratory and microscopy infrastructure.… [We also thank] the NanoteraProject, awarded to the PATLiSciII Consortium (M.P and P.O)…’
Molecular basis of an agarose metabolic pathway acquired by a human intestinal symbiont
Authors: Pluvinage Benjamin , Grondin Julie M. , Amundsen Carolyn , Klassen Leeann , Moote Paul E. , Xiao Yao , Thomas Dallas , Pudlo Nicholas A. , Anele Anuoluwapo , Martens Eric C. , Inglis G. Douglas , Uwiera Richard E. R. , Boraston Alisdair B. , Abbott D. Wade 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn red algae, the most abundant principal cell wall polysaccharides are mixed galactan agars, of which agarose is a common component. While bioconversion of agarose is predominantly catalyzed by bacteria that live in the oceans, agarases have been discovered in microorganisms that inhabit diverse terrestrial ecosystems, including human intestines. Here we comprehensively define the structure–function relationship of the agarolytic pathway from the human intestinal bacterium Bacteroides uniformis (Bu) NP1. Using recombinant agarases from Bu NP1 to completely depolymerize agarose, we demonstrate that a non-agarolytic Bu strain can grow on GAL released from agarose. This relationship underscores that rare nutrient utilization by intestinal bacteria is facilitated by the acquisition of highly specific enzymes that unlock inaccessible carbohydrate resources contained within unusual polysaccharides. Intriguingly, the agarolytic pathway is differentially distributed throughout geographically distinct human microbiomes, reflecting a complex historical context for agarose consumption by human beings.
Disentangling the role of floral sensory stimuli in pollination networks
Authors: Kantsa Aphrodite , Raguso Robert A. , Dyer Adrian G. , Olesen Jens M. , Tscheulin Thomas , Petanidou Theodora 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDespite progress in understanding pollination network structure, the functional roles of floral sensory stimuli (visual, olfactory) have never been addressed comprehensively in a community context, even though such traits are known to mediate plant–pollinator interactions. Here, we use a comprehensive dataset of floral traits and a novel dynamic data-pooling methodology to explore the impacts of floral sensory diversity on the structure of a pollination network in a Mediterranean scrubland. Our approach tracks transitions in the network behaviour of each plant species throughout its flowering period and, despite dynamism in visitor composition, reveals significant links to floral scent, and/or colour as perceived by pollinators. Having accounted for floral phenology, abundance and phylogeny, the persistent association between floral sensory traits and visitor guilds supports a deeper role for sensory bias and diffuse coevolution in structuring plant–pollinator networks. This knowledge of floral sensory diversity, by identifying the most influential phenotypes, could help prioritize efforts for plant–pollinator community restoration.
Efficient molecular evolution to generate enantioselective enzymes using a dual-channel microfluidic droplet screening platform
Authors: Ma Fuqiang , Chung Meng Ting , Yao Yuan , Nidetz Robert , Lee Lap Man , Liu Allen P. , Feng Yan , Kurabayashi Katsuo , Yang Guang-Yu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDirected evolution has long been a key strategy to generate enzymes with desired properties like high selectivity, but experimental barriers and analytical costs of screening enormous mutant libraries have limited such efforts. Here, we describe an ultrahigh-throughput dual-channel microfluidic droplet screening system that can be used to screen up to ~107 enzyme variants per day. As an example case, we use the system to engineer the enantioselectivity of an esterase to preferentially produce desired enantiomers of profens, an important class of anti-inflammatory drugs. Using two types of screening working modes over the course of five rounds of directed evolution, we identify (from among 5 million mutants) a variant with 700-fold improved enantioselectivity for the desired (S)-profens. We thus demonstrate that this screening platform can be used to rapidly generate enzymes with desired enzymatic properties like enantiospecificity, chemospecificity, and regiospecificity.
An assessment of neuronal calcium sensor-1 and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Moore Lauren M. , Wilkinson Rachel , Altan Mehmet , Toki Maria , Carvajal-Hausdorf Daniel E. , McGuire John , Ehrlich Barbara E. , Rimm David L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNeuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) has been identified as a binding partner of the taxane, paclitaxel. Our previous study showed that overexpression of NCS-1 increased the efficacy of paclitaxel in vitro, but was associated with poor clinical outcome. Here, we determine if NCS-1 expression is associated with pathological complete response (pCR) to taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in 105 pre-treatment breast cancer biopsies. Elevated expression of NCS-1 was found to be positively associated with pCR. These results suggest that NCS-1 may be a predictive biomarker for response to taxane-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.
Structural model of human dUTPase in complex with a novel proteinaceous inhibitor
Authors: Nyíri Kinga , Mertens Haydyn D. T. , Tihanyi Borbála , Nagy Gergely N. , Kőhegyi Bianka , Matejka Judit , Harris Matthew J. , Szabó Judit E. , Papp-Kádár Veronika , Németh-Pongrácz Veronika , Ozohanics Olivér , Vékey Károly , Svergun Dmitri I. , Borysik Antoni J. , Vértessy Beáta G. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), essential for DNA integrity, acts as a survival factor for tumor cells and is a target for cancer chemotherapy. Here we report that the Staphylococcal repressor protein StlSaPIBov1 (Stl) forms strong complex with human dUTPase. Functional analysis reveals that this interaction results in significant reduction of both dUTPase enzymatic activity and DNA binding capability of Stl. We conducted structural studies to understand the mechanism of this mutual inhibition. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) complemented with hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) data allowed us to obtain 3D structural models comprising a trimeric dUTPase complexed with separate Stl monomers. These models thus reveal that upon dUTPase-Stl complex formation the functional homodimer of Stl repressor dissociates, which abolishes the DNA binding ability of the protein. Active site forming dUTPase segments were directly identified to be involved in the dUTPase-Stl interaction by HDX-MS, explaining the loss of dUTPase activity upon complexation. Our results provide key novel structural insights that pave the way for further applications of the first potent proteinaceous inhibitor of human dUTPase.
A Highly Potent and Broadly Neutralizing H1 Influenza-Specific Human Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Nogales Aitor , Piepenbrink Michael S. , Wang Jiong , Ortega Sandra , Basu Madhubanti , Fucile Christopher F. , Treanor John J. , Rosenberg Alexander F. , Zand Martin S. , Keefer Michael C. , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Kobie James J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInfluenza’s propensity for antigenic drift and shift, and to elicit predominantly strain specific antibodies (Abs) leaves humanity susceptible to waves of new strains with pandemic potential for which limited or no immunity may exist. Subsequently new clinical interventions are needed. To identify hemagglutinin (HA) epitopes that if targeted may confer universally protective humoral immunity, we examined plasmablasts from a subject that was immunized with the seasonal influenza inactivated vaccine, and isolated a human monoclonal Ab (mAb), KPF1. KPF1 has broad and potent neutralizing activity against H1 influenza viruses, and recognized 83% of all H1 isolates tested, including the pandemic 1918 H1. Prophylactically, KPF1 treatment resulted in 100% survival of mice from lethal challenge with multiple H1 influenza strains and when given as late as 72 h after challenge with A/California/04/2009 H1N1, resulted in 80% survival. KPF1 recognizes a novel epitope in the HA globular head, which includes a highly conserved amino acid, between the Ca and Cb antigenic sites. Although recent HA stalk-specific mAbs have broader reactivity, their potency is substantially limited, suggesting that cocktails of broadly reactive and highly potent HA globular head-specific mAbs, like KPF1, may have greater clinical feasibility for the treatment of influenza infections.
A smartphone app to reduce excessive alcohol consumption: Identifying the effectiveness of intervention components in a factorial randomised control trial
Authors: Crane David , Garnett Claire , Michie Susan , West Robert , Brown Jamie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOur aim was to evaluate intervention components of an alcohol reduction app: Drink Less. Excessive drinkers (AUDIT> =8) were recruited to test enhanced versus minimal (reduced functionality) versions of five app modules in a 25 factorial trial. Modules were: Self-monitoring and Feedback, Action Planning, Identity Change, Normative Feedback, and Cognitive Bias Re-training. Outcome measures were: change in weekly alcohol consumption (primary); full AUDIT score, app usage, app usability (secondary). Main effects and two-way interactions were assessed by ANOVA using intention-to-treat. A total of 672 study participants were included. There were no significant main effects of the intervention modules on change in weekly alcohol consumption or AUDIT score. There were two-way interactions between enhanced Normative Feedback and Cognitive Bias Re-training on weekly alcohol consumption (F = 4.68, p = 0.03) and between enhanced Self-monitoring and Feedback and Action Planning on AUDIT score (F = 5.82, p = 0.02). Enhanced Self-monitoring and Feedback was used significantly more often and rated significantly more positively for helpfulness, satisfaction and recommendation to others than the minimal version. To conclude, in an evaluation of the Drink Less smartphone application, the combination of enhanced Normative Feedback and Cognitive Bias Re-training and enhanced Self-monitoring and Feedback and Action Planning yielded improvements in alcohol-related outcomes after 4-weeks.
A Prognostic Nomogram for Postoperative Bone Remodeling in Patients with ADDWoR
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Shen Pei , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Shanyong , Zheng Jiawei , Yang Chi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to establish an effective prognostic nomogram for predicting the probability of postoperative bone remodeling of patients with anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR). The nomogram was based on a retrospective study on patients underwent surgical approaches for ADDWoR at Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January, 2007 to January, 2017. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to develop variables suitable for probability estimation model. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were determined by ROC (AUC-index) and calibration curve. Results were validated using bootstrap resampling with all statistical tests two-sided. 1110 patients were included in the analysis. The probability of postoperative bone remodeling in ADDWoR was 0.51. Six independent prognostic factors including age of onset, nocturnal bruxism, disc morphology, BMD, Wilkes’ classification, and postoperative splint therapy were integrated to construct the nomogram. The probability estimation model showed good discrimination in both internal and external validation with AUC-index of 0.84. The calibration curves for probability of postoperative bone remodeling showed optimal agreement with actual observation. In conclusion, a nomogram was established to provide individual prediction of postoperative bone remodeling for patients with ADDWoR treated by arthroscopy surgery.
Combined effects of elevated temperature and CO2 enhance threat from low temperature hazard to winter wheat growth in North China
Authors: Tan Kaiyan , Zhou Guangsheng , Lv Xiaomin , Guo Jianping , Ren Sanxue 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe examined the growth and yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in response to the predicted elevated CO2 concentration and temperature to determine the mechanism of the combined impacts in North China Plain. An elevated treatment (CO2: 600 μmol mol−1, temperature: +2.5~3.0 °C, ECTI) and a control treatment (ambient CO2 and temperature, CK) were conducted in open-top chambers from October 2013 to June 2016. Post-winter growth stages of winter wheat largely advanced and shifted to a cooler period of nature season under combined impact of elevated CO2 and temperature during the entire growing season. The mean temperature and accumulated photosynthetic active radiations (PAR) over the post-winter growing period in ECTI decreased by 0.8–1.5 °C and 10–13%, respectively compared with that in CK, negatively impacted winter wheat growth. As a result, winter wheat in ECTI suffered from low temperature hazards during critical period of floret development and anthesis and grain number per ear was reduced by 10–31% in the three years. Although 1000-kernel weight in ECTI increased by 8–9% mainly due to elevated CO2, increasing CO2 concentration from 400 to 600 μmol mol−1 throughout the growth stage was not able to offset the adverse effect of warming on winter wheat growth and yield.