bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A HISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF "ACID" AND "ALKALINE" PHOSPHATASE DISTRIBUTION IN NORMAL HUMAN BONE MARROW SMEARS
Authors: RABINOVITCH M. , ANDREUCCI D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Three minute fixation in formol vapor at 44 C, followed by 15 minute washing proved to be the most satisfactory fixation procedure for both "acid" and "alkaline" phosphatase technics as applied to bone marrow smears.
2. For both technics a relation between staining intensity and cellular richness was found.
3. The reaction of normal human bone marrow cells to both phosphatase technics is described. Both are predominantly nuclear in location. Nuclear pattern approached that observed with common staining methods and Feulgen’s reaction. Cytoplasmic reaction was nearly negative. Nonspecific and specific granules do not stain after the "alkaline" technic. Nonspecific granules are negative for "acid" phosphatase, while specific neutrophilic are variable, and eosinophilic, constantly positive. Nucleoli are negative after the "acid" technic, being positive for the "alkaline" enzyme. Mitotic chromosomes are positive for both technics. "Acid" phosphatase reaction in cytoplasmic zones of lymphocytes, erythroblasts, plasmacytes and megakaryocytes, is described.
Impairment in Platelet Aggregation in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Maurer Harold M. , McCue Carolyn M. , Caul Joyce , Still W. J. S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet function and coagulation studies were performed on 65 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and five wtih acquired heart disease, varying in age from 2 wk to 17 yr. Approximately 11% of the children with CHD had mild bleeding symptoms, and 9% had prolonged bleeding times, despite normal platelet counts. In 14 of 37 children (37.8%) with cyanotic CHD and four of 28 (14.3%) with the acyanotic variety, platelet aggregation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), noradrenalin, and connective tissue suspension was impaired. The possibility of a platelet inhibitory factor in plasma was unlikely. Platelet content of ADP was normal, and high concentrations of exogenous ADP produced an improvement in aggregation, suggesting that the disturbance may be due to defective release of intrinsic ADP from the platelets. Impairment in aggregation was correlated with the severity of hypoxemia and polycythemia in cyanotic patients. Coagulation data did not support the concept that disseminated intravascular coagulation is a frequently associated finding in cyanotic CHD. Our findings reveal a disturbance in platelet function, until now, not commonly associated with CHD.
A Computer-based Teaching Program in Hemostasis
Authors: Gilchrest Barbara A. , Deykin Daniel , Bleich Howard L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have developed a natural language computer program that teaches a clinical approach to disorders of blood coagulation. The purpose of the program was fourfold: to teach a specific set of facts that we considered important to an understanding of hemostasis, to simulate an actual clinical setting in which the student determines the order and content of his patient evaluation; to be adaptive to a student’s responses; and to provide for ready retrieval of student responses. The program is now constructed in two sections. The first section comprises general purpose instructions to the computer that analyze and store input and display the next portion of the lesson according to rules that are independent of the text. The second element consists of specific teaching context. This format allows ready adaptation of the program to teaching other areas of hematology. Experience with the system demonstrates that new subject matter can be easily programmed and revised, that second-year medical students like the approach, and that the subject matter can be effectively taught.
An Analysis of Hematologic Disorders Presenting in the Private Practice of Hematology
Authors: Prager David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Many residents and fellows enter specialty training programs with vague notions as to what the clinical practice of their specialty will be like. Such speculation on the author’s part seems reasonable because the house staff is usually exposed to the specialty only in the hospital environment, and not in the private practitioner’s office. As well, there is little written information about the composition of a specialty practice. In order to evaluate the composition of a private hematology practice, 939 consecutive patients were evaluated as to their diagnostic categories. Such analysis reveals the following broad categories: anemias, 42%; white blood cell disorders, 12%; lymphomas and other nodes disorders, 12%; no hematological disorders, 12%; thrombocytopenia and allergic purpuras, 7%; plasma clotting disorders, 7%; splenic disorders, 4%; erythrocytosis, 2%; and plasma cell disorders, 2%. Each of the aforementioned categories were further subdivided into their specific diseases.
Kappa-Chain Deficiency
Authors: Bernier George M. , Gunderman J. Richard , Ruymann Frederick B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A decreased concentration of immunoglobulin molecules of one light chain type (κ) was found in a young girl with recurrent respiratory infections and diarrhea. She had, in addition, decreased γA and γE globulin, partial albinism, and intestinal lactase deficiency. No eosinophils were detected in blood, bone marrow, or nasal smears. Radiolabeled κ- and λ -type molecules survived equally well, suggesting that the synthesis of molecules bearing κ-chains was decreased. The patient improved considerably with the regular administration of γ-globulin. It is possible that biological as well as chemical differences exist between immunoglobulins of the two light-chain types and that an optimal immune response is dependent on a normal complement of κ- and λ-chains.
Direct Assessment of Platelet Adhesion to Glass: A Study of the Forces of Interaction and the Effects of Plasma and Serum Factors, Platelet Function, and Modification of the Glass Surface
Authors: George James N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet adhesion to glass has been directly determined with a cover slip chamber. These studies have separated the functions of platelet adhesion to a foreign surface from platelet cohesion (aggregation). The forces of the platelet-glass interaction have been studied, and the qualitative variables affecting this interaction have been defined. Fibrinogen and calcium or magnesium are required for adhesion of either unwashed or washed platelets in plasma. Platelet adhesion in fresh serum requires thrombin and probably the fibrinogen of the platelet surface, since washed platelets are not adherent in fresh serum. Platelets incubated at 37°C for 48 hr can neither spread nor adhere to glass, a defect that may reflect decreased platelet surface area and membrane deformability. Platelets are equally as adherent to siliconized glass as to untreated glass surfaces. However, platelets cannot adhere to glass treated with the hydrogen-bonding polymer, poly(ethylene oxide). In contrast to silicone, poly(ethylene oxide)-treated glass surfaces do not impede blood coagulation. These surface properties further distinguish the two major factors involved in thrombogenesis: platelet adhesion and plasma coagulation.
Sideroblastic Anemia in Multiple Myeloma: A Preleukemic Change
Authors: Khaleeli M. , Keane W. M. , Lee G. R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In a 10-yr observation period, 75 patients with multiple myeloma have been studied, and 55 of these were treated daily with low dose melphalan by mouth. Of these, four developed sideroblastic anemia, manifested by anemia, thrombocytopenia, aniso-poikilocytosis, and hypochromic stippled cells in the blood, and ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow. In two patients, this complication occurred after more than 7 yr of therapy and at a time when there was no evidence of myeloma. In a third patient, it occurred when the myeloma relapsed, and in the fourth, myeloma was active but stable. The anemia did not respond to either folate or pyridoxine. In all four patients, acute myelomonoblastic leukemia developed within 6 mo after sideroblastic anemia had been detected. These observations suggest that sideroblastic anemia in myeloma is a preleukemic manifestation.
Relation Between Bleeding Time and Platelet Connective Tissue Reaction After Aspirin
Authors: Hirsh J. , Street D. , Cade J. F. , Amy H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aspirin prolongs the bleeding time in normal subjects and inhibits platelet release and aggregation with connective tissue and other biological agents. We have investigated one of the possible mechanisms by which aspirin prolongs the bleeding time by comparing the effects of aspirin and placebo on the bleeding time and platelet aggregation with connective tissue in normal volunteers. Two separate studies were performed. Both showed prolongation of the bleeding time and inhibition of the platelet connective tissue reaction after aspirin, but only the second study showed a significant correlation between these changes. Both studies are reported in detail because the discrepancy between them illustrates some important principles that require consideration when relating the effects of drugs on platelet function in vitro to their effects in vivo. The findings suggest that when particular care is taken to standardize the measurement of the platelet connective tissue reaction in terms of the stimulus used, subject variability, and analysis of results, the prolonged bleeding time after aspirin can be shown to be related to the defect produced in the platelet connective tissue reaction.
Studies on Regeneration of Heterotopic Splenic Autotransplants
Authors: Tavassoli Mehdi , Ratzan R. Judith , Crosby William H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fragments of spleen autotransplanted to subcutaneous tissue of the abdomen in the rat undergo almost complete necrosis and then regenerate into splenic tissue with a microscopic structure indistinguishable from the structure of the original organ. The regenerative process reminiscent of the spleen’s embryogenesis, originates from a shell of surviving splenic tissue at the surface of the implant. The regenerative zone first consists of almost monotonous connective tissue cells interspersed with red blood cells; it develops into splenic red pulp consisting of sinuses and intersinal cords. As capillaries develop, the structure of small arteries and peri-arterial lymphatic sheaths appear, and soon the structure of splenic white pulp becomes evident. Some 5 wk after autotransplantation, the splenic reconstruction is complete. The weight of the recovered tissue is a linear function of the weight of the implanted tissue; yet the linearity is lost when the weight of the implanted tissue exceeds 100 mg.
The Origin of Bone Marrow Fibroblasts
Authors: de la Chapelle Albert , Vuopio Pekka , Borgström Georg H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bone marrow aspirates from 12 patients with malignant hematologic disorders and abnormal bone marrow karyotypes were used to establish in vitro fibroblast cultures. The karyotypes of such fibroblasts were consistently normal. This finding is at variance with results presented by others. The origin of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts remains obscure.
Kinetic Parameters of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Using In Vivo Suicide by Tritiated Thymidine or by Hydroxyurea
Authors: Vassort F. , Winterholer M. , Frindel E. , Tubiana M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The kinetics of colony-forming units (CFU) of the bone marrow in mice were studied using a method involving the suicide of cells in vivo by 3H-TdR or hydroxyurea. After selectively killing cells in S phase, the surviving cells traversed S phase in a cyclic fashion. This enabled the duration of the cycle and of the S phase of CFU to be measured—8 hr and 4 hr, respectively. It was shown that quiescent stem cells pass into the proliferative compartment. A computer model helped to explain the experimental results. The feedback mechanism seemed to be initiated by the depletion of the compartment of maturing cells. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that the CFU response to S-phase cell killing was similar in two strains of mice and was independent of the proportion of CFU in S phase, which was approximately 0% in the C57BI and 20% in the C3H mice.
Regulation of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Red Blood Cells From Hemolytic and Nonhemolytic Variant Subjects
Authors: Yoshida Akira , Lin Mei 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Because of the strong inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by physiologic concentrations of NADPH and ATP, only 0.1%-0.2% of its potential activity (Vmax) is estimated to be expressed in human red cells that contain low concentrations of NADP and glucose 6-phosphate. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is also strongly inhibited by NADPH, ATP, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate under the physiologic conditions, and only about 0.2% of its potential activity is estimated to be expressed in red cells. The very low shunt pathway activity can be explained by these findings. Some human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants that are associated with severe enzyme deficiency, such as Gd Union, Gd Markham, and Gd Mediterranean, have no chronic hemolytic problem. On the other hand, several variants with less severe enzyme deficiency, such as Gd Manchester, Gd Alhambra, and Gd Tripler, are associated with chronic hemolytic anemia. Examination of the enzymes from these variant subjects under simulated physiologic conditions revealed that: (1) Enzymes from the hemolytic variant subjects are strongly inhibited by a physiologic concentration of NADPH due to their high Km for NADP or low Ki for NADPH. Thus, these variant enzymes presumably cannot generate NADPH in red cells to maintain an adequate level of reduced glutathione. (2) The nonhemolytic variant enzymes are far less sensitive to the inhibition by NADPH, because of their low Km for NADP and high Ki for NADPH. These variants are also more resistant to the inhibition by ATP. The activities of these variant enzymes in red cells are estimated to be more than 30% of the normal level. In black people, the common variant A—, associated with enzyme deficiency, is less sensitive to the inhibition by NADPH, and it is probably as active as normal in red cells, under physiologic conditions.
Ultrastructure of Presumptive Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Rubinstein Alicia S. , Trobaugh Frank E. , Conti S. Arthur , Dansbie Max 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The repopulating potential of bone marrow cells that have been subjected either to cryoprotective or to cryodestructive treatments were assayed by the spleen colony technique. There were four treatments. For each treatment group the ultrastructure of aliquots of the cell suspensions was studied, and an attempt was made to identify the cells responsible for hematopoietic repopulation. The repopulating potential of fresh, glycerolized cells was greater than that of slowly cooled glycerolized cells, and both repopulating potentials were far greater than that of rapidly cooled glycerolized cells. With the exception of one cell type that was constantly well preserved, fresh glycerolized cells and cells frozen at controlled rates showed morphologic disruption. This type of cell was not found in suspensions of bone marrow cells that had been frozen rapidly, and it is proposed that it is the hematopoietic stem cell (presumptive stem cell or PSC). Two observations support the hypothesis that these cells are responsible for effecting hematopoietic repopulation of lethally irradiated mice injected with suspensions of marrow cells frozen to preserve their repopulating potential: (1) They are the only intact cells found in cryopreserved suspensions of marrow cells that effect hematopoietic repopulation. (2) They are not present in suspensions of marrow cells frozen so as to destroy the hematopoietic-repopulating potential.
Characteristics of Folic Acid-binding Protein in Folate-deficient Serum
Authors: Waxman Samuel , Schreiber Carol 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Folate-deficient serum contains a specific folic acid-binding protein (FABP) that has a rapid association and slow dissociation rate for the binding of 3H-pteroylglutamic acid (3H-PGA). FABP is also present in normal serum but in lesser amounts. The molecular weight of FABP is less than 100,000 and may represent more than one protein. FABP elutes as a beta globulin and is recovered in the transferrin band region in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. FABP binds oxidized folyl-, mono-, and polyglutamates in preference to reduced folates. FABP retards the delivery and uptake of 3H-PGA into HeLa cell monolayer cultures. The characteristics of FABP suggest it to be a membrane-derived intracellular folate storage protein and perhaps an important regulator of folate uptake into the cell and a storage site for folyl polyglutamates. The characteristics of serum FABP suggest it to be similar to beta lactoglobulin (the folate-binding protein isolated from cow’s milk).
Von Willebrand's Syndrome Presenting as an Acquired Bleeding Disorder in Association With a Monoclonal Gammopathy
Authors: Mant M. J. , Hirsh J. , Gauldie J. , Bienenstock J. , Pineo G. F. , Luke K. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The clinical and laboratory findings of a patient with a bleeding disorder, laboratory features of von Willebrand's disease, and a monoclonal gammopathy are described. There was no evidence of von Willebrand's disease in his five children. Laboratory features of von Willebrand's disease in the patient included a long bleeding time, low factor VIII level by one- and two-stage clotting assays and by immunoassay, decreased platelet glass adhesiveness using native and heparinized blood, and correction of platelet adhesiveness by addition of cryoprecipitate in vitro. Attempts to implicate the monoclonal IgG in the pathogenesis of the von Willebrand's syndrome were unsuccessful using the following tests: immunoprecipitation with normal plasma, antibody activity identified by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, inhibition of biological factor VIII activity, and binding to factor VIII. Despite these negative findings, it is suggested that the clinical pattern of this and previously described cases of "acquired" von Willebrand's disease has an immunologic basis that may be mediated by either humoral or cellular mechanisms.
Atypical Megakaryocytes in Preleukemic Phase of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Smith W. Byron , Ablin Arthur , Goodman Joseph R. , Brecher George 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mono- and binucleated megakaryocytes appeared in the bone marrow of a 6-yr-old white male 9 mo prior to the development of acute myeloid leukemia; in addition, leukopenia and anemia antedated the diagnosis by 3½ and 9 mo, respectively. The report suggests that mono- and binucleated megakaryocytes may be a useful diagnostic finding in early leukemia.
Induction of Aggregation of Human Blood Platelets by Ultraviolet Light: Action Spectrum and Structural Changes
Authors: Doery J. C. G. , Dickson R. C. , Hirsh J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Exposure of washed human platelets to ultraviolet light is followed by platelet aggregation. The effect occurs at wavelengths between 302 and 225 mµ with a maximal response at 248 mµ, and the effect is greatly enhanced by the addition of fibrinogen. Platelets exposed to ultraviolet light show ultrastructural changes which can be induced independently of aggregation if the addition of fibrinogen is omitted.
Lymphocytosis Induced in Mice by Supernatant Fluids of Bordetella pertussis Cultures: A Histopathological Study
Authors: Athanassiades Thomas J. , Morse Stephen I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Intravenous injection into mice of phase I Bordetella pertussis culture supernatants produces a marked lymphocytosis. The evolution of lymphocytosis was correlated with histopathological alterations in the lymphoid organs. The early phase, 17 hr to day 3, was associated with massive depletion of both lymphocytes from the white pulp of the spleen and of cortical thymocytes. There was a corresponding profound decrease of splenic and thymic weights. The later phase was associated with a marked decrease in lymphocytes of lymph nodes while concomitantly the spleen and thymus appeared to be repopulating. Both thymic-dependent and thymic-independent lymphocyte populations were mobilized from spleen and lymph nodes. There was a striking diminution in the number of lymphocytes contained within the walls of postcapillary venules (PCVS) of all lymph nodes between 2 and 7 days. The data suggest that initially the lymphocytosis is due predominantly to release of splenic lymphocytes and to a lesser extent of thymocytes into the circulation. Subsequently, the lymphocytosis is sustained by the depopulation of the lymph nodes. Lymph node depopulation is maintained by the failure of circulating lymphocytes to emigrate from the blood through the PCVS.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Report of a Case With Disseminated Intravascular Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Neame P. B. , Lechago J. , Ling E. T. , Koval A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The nature and etiology of the vascular occlusions encountered in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) have been subject to controversy for a number of years. Disseminated platelet thrombosis has been suggested in the earlier literature, although later views have favored fibrin thrombi resulting from vascular damage or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The serial coagulation study and the lightand electron-microscopic findings in a case of TTP are described here. The multiple vascular occlusions were due to the presence of densely packed platelet aggregates in which a variable quantity of fibrin was present. Less commonly, loose platelet aggregates were noted. Fibrin under the endothelial lining was occasionally observed in relationship to the vascular occlusion and was thought to be secondary to the release of various substances from aggregating platelets. The serial coagulation study and the histologic examination of tissues showed no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. This case shows that the occlusions observed in TTP can be due to disseminated intravascular platelet aggregation in the absence of DIC. Although TIP might be of variable etiology, it is felt that cases showing disseminated intravascular platelet aggregation should be distinguished from DIC in order to plan therapy on a rational basis.
The Role of Red Cell Energy Metabolism in the Generation of Irreversibly Sickled Cells In Vitro
Authors: Jensen Michael , Shohet Stephen B. , Nathan David G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An acquired membrane defect is believed to be responsible for the maintenance of the sickled shape in oxygenated irreversibly sickled cells (ISC), because the hemoglobin S in these cells is not in the aggregated, "sickled" state. In the present study, it is demonstrated that the acquisition of the membrane defect in vitro depends on cellular metabolism. Only if cellular ATP is almost completely depleted while the cells are sickled, do they become unable to resume the biconcave disk shape upon reoxygenation. If calcium is omitted from the incubation buffer, ISCs are not generated despite metabolic depletion. This suggests an action of ATP mediated through calcium metabolism similar to that which prevents membrane stiffening in normal red cells. No ISCs were produced by repeated sickling and unsickling. Thus, a membrane alteration occurring as a consequence of metabolic depletion seems to be a more important factor in the generation of ISC than sickling-unsickling induced fragmentation.