bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA damage in telophase leads to coalescence between segregated sister chromatid loci
Authors: Ayra-Plasencia Jessel , Machín Félix 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe generation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) pose a high risk for the maintenance of the genome. Cells repair DSBs through two major mechanisms: non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). HR is usually preferred when a sister chromatid is available, thus cells have coupled the activity of the cycling dependent kinase (CDK) to the selection of HR (Symington et al. 2014). Paradoxically, there is a window in the cell cycle where CDK is high despite a sister chromatid is not physically available for HR: late anaphase/telophase. We have here studied in budding yeast the response to DSBs generated in telophase by means of the radiomimetic drug phleomycin. We first show that phleomycin treatment activates the DNA damage response and leads to a delay in the telophase-to-G1 transition. Outstandingly, we also found a partial reversion of sister chromatid segregation, which includes approximation of spindle pole bodies (SPBs) and sister centromeres, de novo formation of anaphase bridges, trafficking of DNA back and forth through the cytokinetic plane and events of coalescence between segregated sister telomeres. We importantly show that phleomycin promotes a massive change in the structure and dynamic of mitotic microtubules (MTs), which coincides with dephosphorylation and re-localization of kinesin-5 Cin8. We propose that anaphase is not entirely irreversible and that there could still be a window to repair DSBs using the sister chromatid after segregation.
Retinal stem cells modulate proliferative parameters to coordinate post-embryonic morphogenesis in the eye of fish
Authors: Tsingos Erika , Höckendorf Burkhard , Sütterlin Thomas , Kirchmaier Stephan , Grabe Niels , Centanin Lázaro , Wittbrodt Joachim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA fundamental question in biology is how anatomically and functionally distinct tissues coordinate to direct growth and shape in complex organs. We address this question using as a model the eye of teleost fish, which grow while maintaining the precise shape needed for vision throughout the animal’s life.Combining clonal analysis in the eye of the teleost medaka (Oryzias latipes) with a computational agent based model, we find that the neural retina (NR) and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) differentially modulate cell divisions to coordinate their growth rates. Cell divisions in the NR are less stochastic, consistent with an upstream role as an inducer of growth in nearby tissues. Cells in the RPE display much higher stochasticity, consistent with a downstream role responding to inductive signals.Our simulation predicts that the segregation of stem- and progenitor cell domains in the retinal ciliary marginal zone niche is an emergent property, as the topology of the niche preconditions the system to undergo a spatially biased stochastic neutral drift. Clone properties in the NR support this prediction, and further suggest that NR cells control the direction of division axes to regulate organ shape and retinal cell topology.This work highlights an as yet unappreciated mechanism for growth coordination in a complex organ, where one tissue integrates external and internal cues as a hub to synchronize growth rates in nearby tissues. In the eye of fish, proliferation parameters of neuroretinal stem cells are a minimal target node for evolution to exploit to adapt whole-organ morphogenesis in a complex vertebrate organ.
Hide-and-seek in corporate disclosure: evidence from negative corporate incidents
Authors: Rudkin Bradley , Kimani Danson , Ullah Subhan , Ahmed Rizwan , Farooq Syed Umar 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis paper investigates the legitimacy tactics used in the annual reports of UK listed companies in the aftermath of major corporate scandals.Design/methodology/approachWe carried out a content analysis of annual reports of 19 companies that have been involved in corporate scandals with a view to understand how firms communicate negative scandals affecting them.FindingsThe findings reveal that firms use a wide range of legitimisation strategies in the manner that contribute to shape disclosure communications concerning negative incidents. For instance, some firms may offset the negativity linked to an incident by rendering such explanations amidst positive information.Originality/valueContrary to earlier studies conducted on accounting scandals, the authors incorporated extensive corporate scandals such as human rights violations, controversies concerning child labour, environmental scandals, corruption, financial embezzlement and tax evasion.
Facilitating apps recommendation in Google Play
Authors: Wu Fan , Chuang Yung-Ting , Lai Hung-Wei 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a system that analyzes trustworthiness and ranks applications to improve the search experience.Design/methodology/approachThe system adopts pointwise mutual information to calculate comment semantics. It examines subjective (signed opinions, anonymous opinions and star ratings) and objective factors (download numbers, reputation ratings) before filtering, ranking and displaying). The authors invited three experts to check three categories and compared the results using Spearman and two statistics.FindingsA high correlation between the proposed system and the expert ranking system suggests that the system can act as decision support.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the authors have only tested the correlation between the proposed system and an expert ranking system; user satisfaction was not evaluated. The authors plan to conduct a later survey to gather user feedback. Second, the ranking system evaluates applications using fixed weights and disregards time. Therefore, in the future, the authors plan to enable their system to weight recent records over older ones.Practical implicationsUser discussion forums, although helpful, have drawbacks. Not all reviews are trustworthy, and forums provide no filtering mechanisms to combat information overload. The solution to this is the authors’ system that crawls a forum, filters information, analyzes the trustworthiness of each comment and ranks the application for the user.Originality/valueThis paper develops a formula to analyze the trustworthiness of opinions, enabling the system to act as decision support when no professional advice is available.
Unlocking the underlying information of golden ratio in the Hogarth curves
Authors: Zhu Xuyun , Luo Yun , Huang Yanlin , Wen Xuming 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
Curves with various profiles have been demonstrated to be more attractive and decorative than the straight lines by William Hogarth. Among all kinds of curves, Hogarth proposed seven serpentine lines as the most beautiful curves, i.e., Hogarth curves. Those seven Hogarth curves are subsequently applied in a wide range of fields, e.g., sculpture, painting, architecture and fashion design, indicating their significance to the development of the formal beauty. Recently, the beauty of Hogarth curves has been suspected to be induced by their special-designed curvature, which could have the potential relationship with the Golden Ratio. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the Hogarth curves and golden ratio by comparing the curvature of curves with the Fibonacci sequence.

Design/methodology/approach
Each of the Hogarth curves was fully restored and divided into two parts according to the turning point of the curvature; the ratios of span, curvature and angles between these two parts were compared with the Fibonacci sequence.

Findings
The experimental results disclosed that the ratio of the fourth Hogarth curve, which was considered as the most beautiful line by Hogarth, was infinitely approaching the golden ratio. Based on the relationship between the fourth Hogarth curve and the golden ratio, the ratios of each curve were employed to define and normalize these curves, providing a quantitative way to redraw the Hogarth curves.

Originality/value
This research work unlocked the information of the relationship between the Hogarth curves and golden ratio, and proposed an effective and convenient mathematic way to quantify the Hogarth curves. The experimental findings disclosed the underlying mechanisms of the beauty of the forth Hogarth curves. Such a fundamental study will promote the establishment of the normalized methods for evaluating the beauty of arts and provide novel ideas for researchers and industrial technologists to use the Hogarth curves.
The impact of interlocking directorates on innovation: the effects of business and social ties
Authors: Hernández-Lara Ana B. , Gonzales-Bustos Juan P. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeBoards of directors of large companies all over the world frequently have a certain number of shared directors, which can be motivated by social structures that foster different types of links, including investments and vertical relationships. The purpose of this paper is to identify the effects that board interlocking exerts on innovation, considering the different nature of shared directors that finally determines the type of links dominating the boards.Design/methodology/approachPanel regression analyses were conducted using data collected from 69 Spanish listed innovative sector companies during the period 2010–2014, which provided an unbalanced panel of 325 data observations.FindingsThe results suggested that the typology of interlocks determined their effects on innovation, which had a positive influence when independent and extra-industry directors held multiple directorships, whereas it was negative in the case of intra-industry and women interlocking directors.Practical implicationsThis study provided evidence for the diverse effects of interlocking directorates and contributed to the open debate on the best board composition for improving business innovation, considering the common feature of shared directorships.Originality/valueThe value of this research was twofold. On the one hand, the study considered a wide typology of interlocking directorates, such as women, affiliated and independent directors, intra- and extra-industry directorships, as well as shared directors from the same country. On the other hand, the effects of these different interlocking directorate typologies were analysed on innovation by considering different innovation indicators.
Larger plants promote a greater diversity of symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing soil bacteria associated with an Australian endemic legume
Authors: Dinnage Russell , Simonsen Anna K. , Barrett Luke G. , Cardillo Marcel , Raisbeck‐Brown Nat , Thrall Peter H. , Prober Suzanne M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

A major goal in microbial ecology is to understand the factors that structure bacterial communities across space and time. For microbes that are plant symbionts, community assembly processes can lead to either a positive or negative relationship between plant size or age and soil microbe diversity. Here, we evaluated the extent to which such relationships exist within a single legume species (Acacia acuminata) and their naturally occurring symbiotic nitrogen‐fixing bacteria (rhizobia).

We quantified the diversity of rhizobia that associate with A. acuminata trees of variable size spanning a large environmental gradient in southwest Australia (72 trees in 24 sites spread across ~300,000 km2), using metabarcoding. We modelled rhizobia diversity using 16S exact genetic variants, in a binomial multivariate statistical framework that controlled for climate and local soil characteristics.

We identified two major phylogenetic clades of rhizobia that associate with A. acuminata. Soil sampled at the base of larger Acacia trees contained a higher richness of rhizobia genetic variants. Each major clade responds differently to environmental factors (climate and soil characteristics), but the positive association between tree size and rhizobia genetic diversity was mainly driven by responses from one of the two clades. Overall tree size explained more variation than any other factor, resulting in a ~3‐fold increase in total richness and clade diversity from the smallest to the largest trees.

Synthesis. Previous studies have shown that plant host species is important in structuring microbial soil communities in the rhizosphere. Our results show that host size or age within a single plant species can also structure diversity of at least one group of soil microbes. A positive relationship between plant host size and rhizobia diversity suggests that hosts may modify the niche space of their surrounding soil (niche construction hypothesis) enabling a higher richness of microbial taxa. That different rhizobial groups responded differently to host size and other ecological factors suggests that rhizobia is not an ecologically uniform group, and that entirely neutral explanations for our results are unlikely. Host plants may be analogous to “islands,” where larger plant hosts may accumulate diversity over time, through migration opportunities.
Maternal L‐carnitine supplementation ameliorates renal underdevelopment and epigenetic changes in male mice offspring due to maternal smoking
Authors: Stangenberg Stefanie , Nguyen Long The , Chan Yik Lung , Zaky Amgad , Pollock Carol A. , Chen Hui , Saad Sonia 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectivesEpidemiological and animal studies showed that L‐carnitine (LC) supplementation can ameliorate oxidative stress‐induced tissues damage. We have previously shown that maternal cigarette smoke exposure (SE) can increase renal oxidative stress in newborn offspring with postnatal kidney underdevelopment and renal dysfunction in adulthood, which were normalised by LC administration in the SE dams during pregnancy. Exposure to an adverse intrauterine environment may lead to alteration in the epigenome, a mechanism by which adverse prenatal conditions increase the susceptibility to chronic disease later in life. The current study aimed to determine whether maternal SE induces epigenetic changes in the offspring's kidney are associated with renal underdevelopment, and the protective effect of maternal LC supplementation.MethodFemale Balb/c mice (7 weeks) were exposed to cigarette smoke (SE) or air (Sham) for 6 weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. A subgroup of the SE dams received LC via drinking water (SE + LC, 1.5 mmol/L) throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were studied at postnatal day (P)1, P20, and 13 weeks.ResultsMaternal SE altered the expression of renal development markers glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and fibroblast growth factor 2, which were associated with increased renal global DNA methylation and DNA methyltransferase 1 mRNA expression at birth. These disorders were reversed by maternal LC administration.ConclusionThe effect of maternal SE on renal underdevelopment involves global epigenetic alterations from birth, which can be prevented by maternal LC supplementation.
‘All the arts of a radical agitation’: transnational perspectives on British and Irish landowners and estates, 1800–1921*
Authors: Tindley Annie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article examines the perceptions and responses of landed elites towards their evolving territorial, political and social position and interrogates the ways in which these differed across Britain, Ireland and the empire. It considers the utility of a transnational framework in understandings of the landed classes, defining this as a development in which historians seek to take subjects out of national frameworks and into wider settings, to challenge notions of national exceptionalism. It explores its potential to open new directions in the study of landed families and estates during a period of challenge and argues that as a fundamentally transnational class, landed and aristocratic elites must be contextualized beyond the nation.
The Mechanisms of Alpha‐Amylase Inhibition by Flavan‐3‐Ols and the Possible Impacts of Drinking Green Tea on Starch Digestion
Authors: Desseaux Véronique , Stocker Pierre , Brouant Pierre , Ajandouz El Hassan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany studies have shown that flavan‐3‐ols inhibit mammalian alpha‐amylases but the published IC50 and Ki values vary up to a thousand times. We therefore tested the effects of 6 pure flavan‐3‐ols—abundant in green tea—on the activity of pure porcine pancreatic alpha‐amylase (PPA) under steady‐state kinetic conditions. We used both amylose and maltopentaose as substrates, along with spectrophotometry and chromatography as analytical tools, respectively. A Docking approach was also used to probe the interaction between PPA and each flavan‐3‐ol. The results showed that the 6 flavan‐3‐ols inhibit amylose hydrolysis with Ki comprised between 7 and 34 μM, according to a mixed inhibition profile for gallocatechin gallate, and a competitive inhibition profile for the 5 other flavanols. Only the galloyl‐containing flavan‐3‐ols inhibited the maltopentaose hydrolysis with a Ki of about 30 μM according to a noncompetitive profile. We conclude that dietary flavan‐3‐ols could inhibit starch digestion nonnegligibly. The results of the docking trials were concordant with the kinetic data and have noticeably revealed that the cis‐flavan‐3‐ols epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate bind similarly to PPA, involving π‐stacking with Trp59.
Measurement of Biodiversity (MoB): A method to separate the scale‐dependent effects of species abundance distribution, density, and aggregation on diversity change
Authors: McGlinn Daniel J. , Xiao Xiao , May Felix , Gotelli Nicholas J. , Engel Thore , Blowes Shane A. , Knight Tiffany M. , Purschke Oliver , Chase Jonathan M. , McGill Brian J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Little consensus has emerged regarding how proximate and ultimate drivers such as productivity, disturbance and temperature may affect species richness and other aspects of biodiversity. Part of the confusion is that most studies examine species richness at a single spatial scale and ignore how the underlying components of species richness can vary with spatial scale.

We provide an approach for the measurement of biodiversity that decomposes changes in species rarefaction curves into proximate components attributed to: (a) the species abundance distribution, (b) density of individuals and (c) the spatial arrangement of individuals. We decompose species richness by comparing spatial and nonspatial sample‐ and individual‐based species rarefaction curves that differentially capture the influence of these components to estimate the relative importance of each in driving patterns of species richness change.

We tested the validity of our method on simulated data, and we demonstrate it on empirical data on plant species richness in invaded and uninvaded woodlands. We integrated these methods into a new r package (mobr).

The metrics that mobr provides will allow ecologists to move beyond comparisons of species richness in response to ecological drivers at a single spatial scale toward a dissection of the proximate components that determine species richness across scales.
Bond market integration of emerging economies and bilateral linkages
Authors: Balli Faruk , Hu Xuan , Rana Faisal 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough there are numerous studies that have looked at the spillover effects in equity markets, little attention has been paid to explore the integration of bond markets of developed and emerging economies. Our paper is an attempt to fill this void by quantifying the spillovers from developed countries on the bond markets of 25 emerging economies. We apply volatility and return spillover models to quantify the extent of the spillovers from developed markets (i.e. the United States, UK and Japan) into emerging bond markets. We find that the extent of the return spillovers and volatility spillovers has not been symmetric across emerging markets. We explain these differences using bilateral factors such as trade volume, portfolio investment, cultural and geographical factors. The bilateral trade volume turns out to be the leading explanation for the extent of spillovers between our set of countries.
The impacts of multiperil crop insurance on Indonesian rice farmers and production
Authors: Fadhliani Zaura , Luckstead Jeff , Wailes Eric J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes the effect of multiperil crop insurance policy for risk‐averse Indonesian rice farmers located in Tuban and Gresik Regencies of the East Java Province. Based on the model, comparative static analysis of a change in policy variables (coverage levels and premium subsidies) on input use through the coupling, wealth, and insurance effects are presented. The comparative static results are largely ambiguous and left as empirical questions. Consequently, the model is numerically simulated to quantify the effects of different coverage levels and subsidy rates on input use, expected net insurance payments, and certainty equivalents. The empirical analysis shows that MPCI crop insurance results in a decline in expected yield for coverage levels above about 82.5% for both regencies. Furthermore, higher subsidy rates amplify the reduction in input use and yield. Therefore, incomplete coverage with relatively low premium subsidies is the best policy to minimize the impact on input use and yield. However, from the farmers’ perspective, the optimal policy combination results from the highest coverage level and subsidy, which offer the largest expected net insurance payments and certainty equivalent.
Land fragmentation, climate change adaptation, and food security in the Gamo Highlands of Ethiopia
Authors: Cholo Tesfaye C. , Fleskens Luuk , Sietz Diana , Peerlings Jack 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHousehold food security among smallholder farmers is sensitive to a variable and changing climate, requiring farmers in the Gamo Highlands of Ethiopia to adopt new land management practices to improve food security. Agricultural land in the Gamo Highlands is highly fragmented. The extent to which land fragmentation (LF) moderates the food security effects of sustainable land management (SLM) practices is unknown. This study used probit and Poisson models to explain this relationship. The study found that food insecurity was severe during the food shortfall season. LF provides more potential opportunities for improving food security than challenges. Furthermore, SLM practices had both positive and negative effects on food security and their effects were conditioned by the magnitude of LF. Reducing severe LF through the assembly of small parcels into larger heterogeneous plot clusters could enhance food security by exploiting synergies between adaptation practices and LF.