bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pinocchio testing in the forensic analysis of waiting lists: using public waiting list data from Finland and Spain for testing Newcomb-Benford’s Law
Authors: Pinilla Jaime , López-Valcárcel Beatriz G , González-Martel Christian , Peiro Salvador 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveNewcomb-Benford’s Law (NBL) proposes a regular distribution for first digits, second digits and digit combinations applicable to many different naturally occurring sources of data. Testing deviations from NBL is used in many datasets as a screening tool for identifying data trustworthiness problems. This study aims to compare public available waiting lists (WL) data from Finland and Spain for testing NBL as an instrument to flag up potential manipulation in WLs.DesignAnalysis of the frequency of Finnish and Spanish WLs first digits to determine if their distribution is similar to the pattern documented by NBL. Deviations from the expected first digit frequency were analysed using Pearson’s χ2, mean absolute deviation and Kuiper tests.Setting/participantsPublicly available WL data from Finland and Spain, two countries with universal health insurance and National Health Systems but characterised by different levels of transparency and good governance standards.Main outcome measuresAdjustment of the observed distribution of the numbers reported in Finnish and Spanish WL data to the expected distribution according to NBL.ResultsWL data reported by the Finnish health system fits first digit NBL according to all statistical tests used (p=0.6519 in χ2test). For Spanish data, this hypothesis was rejected in all tests (p<0.0001 in χ2test).ConclusionsTesting deviations from NBL distribution can be a useful tool to identify problems with WL data trustworthiness and signalling the need for further testing.
Fuzzy Reliability of an Imprecise Failure to Start of an Automobile Using Pseudo-Parabolic Fuzzy Numbers
Authors: Abbasi F. 
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we propose the notion of pseudo-parabolic fuzzy numbers and the component failure probabilities are considered as a new type of fuzzy number as pseudo-parabolic to incorporate the uncertainties in the parameter, due to a more realistic estimate of them. Then, we analyze the reliability of fuzzy system (particularly, series and parallel system) with independent and non-identically distributed components, and using the new operations of TA [F. Abbasi et al., Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems 29 (2015) 851–861], due to the smaller results support, easier calculations and special properties than fuzzy arithmetic operations based on the extension principle (in the domain of the membership function) and the interval arithmetic (in the domain of the [Formula: see text]-cuts). We provide a more realistic fuzzy reliability analysis. Finally, an imprecise failure to start of an automobile is considered in fuzzy environment. The reliability of components of the proposed model is considered as pseudo-parabolic fuzzy numbers.
Modulation of motor cortical excitability with auditory stimulation
Authors: Löfberg Olli , Julkunen Petro , Kallioniemi Elisa , Pääkkönen Ari , Karhu Jari 
Published: May 2018

Loud sounds have been demonstrated to increase motor cortex excitability when transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is synchronized with auditory evoked N100 potential measured from electroencephalography (EEG). The N100 potential is generated by an afferent response to sound onset and feature analysis, and upon novel sound it is also related to the arousal reaction. The arousal reaction is known to originate from the ascending reticular activating system of the brain stem and to modulate neuronal activity throughout the central nervous system. In this study we investigated the difference in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) when deviant and novelty stimuli were randomly interspersed in a train of standard tones. Twelve healthy subjects participated in this study. Three types of sound stimuli were used: 1) standard stimuli (800 Hz), 2) deviant stimuli (560 Hz), and 3) novelty stimuli (12 different sounds). In each stimulus sequence 600 stimuli were given. Of these, 90 were deviant stimuli randomly placed between the standard stimuli. Each of 12 novel sounds was presented once in pseudorandomized order. TMS was randomly mixed with the sound stimuli so that it was either synchronized with the individual N100 or trailed the sound onset by 200 ms. All sounds elicited an increase in motor cortex excitability. The type of sound had no significant effect. We also demonstrated that TMS timed at 200-ms intervals caused a significant increment of MEPs. This contradicted our hypothesis that MEP amplitudes to TMS synchronized with N100 would be greater than those to TMS at 200 ms after a sound and remains unexplained. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated modulation of motor cortical excitability with parallel auditory stimulus by combining navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with auditory stimuli. TMS was synchronized with auditory evoked potentials considered to be generated by the unconscious attention call process in the auditory system.
Dendritic Ca2+dynamics and multimodal processing in a cricket antennal interneuron
Authors: Bayley Timothy George , Hedwig Berthold 
Published: May 2018

The integration of stimuli of different modalities is fundamental to information processing within the nervous system. A descending interneuron in the cricket brain, with prominent dendrites in the deutocerebrum, receives input from three sensory modalities: touch of the antennal flagellum, strain of the antennal base, and visual stimulation. Using calcium imaging, we demonstrate that each modality drives a Ca2+increase in a different dendritic region. Moreover, touch of the flagellum is represented in a topographic map along the neuron’s dendrites. Using intracellular recording, we investigated the effects of Ca2+on spike shape through the application of the Ca2+channel antagonist Cd2+and identified probable Ca2+-dependent K+currents.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Different dendritic regions of the cricket brain neuron DBNi1-2 showed localized Ca2+increases when three modalities of stimulation (touch of the flagellum, strain at antennal base, and visual input) were given. Touch stimulation induces localized Ca2+increases according to a topographic map of the antenna. Ca2+appears to activate K+currents in DBNi1-2.
Hierarchical stimulus processing in rodent primary and lateral visual cortex as assessed through neuronal selectivity and repetition suppression
Authors: Kaliukhovich Dzmitry A. , Op de Beeck Hans 
Published: May 2018

Similar to primates, visual cortex in rodents appears to be organized in two distinct hierarchical streams. However, there is still little known about how visual information is processed along those streams in rodents. In this study, we examined how repetition suppression and position and clutter tolerance of the neuronal representations evolve along the putative ventral visual stream in rats. To address this question, we recorded multiunit spiking activity in primary visual cortex (V1) and the more downstream visual laterointermediate (LI) area of head-restrained Long-Evans rats. We employed a paradigm reminiscent of the continuous carry-over design used in human neuroimaging. In both areas, stimulus repetition attenuated the early phase of the neuronal response to the repeated stimulus, with this response suppression being greater in area LI. Furthermore, stimulus preferences were more similar across positions (position tolerance) in area LI than in V1, even though the absolute responses in both areas were very sensitive to changes in position. In contrast, the neuronal representations in both areas were equally good at tolerating the presence of limited visual clutter, as modeled by the presentation of a single flank stimulus. When probing tolerance of the neuronal representations with stimulus-specific adaptation, we detected no position tolerance in either examined brain area, whereas, on the contrary, we revealed clutter tolerance in both areas. Overall, our data demonstrate similarities and discrepancies in processing of visual information along the ventral visual stream of rodents and primates. Moreover, our results stress caution in using neuronal adaptation to probe tolerance of the neuronal representations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Rodents are emerging as a popular animal model that complement primates for studying higher level visual functions. Similar to findings in primates, we demonstrate a greater repetition suppression and position tolerance of the neuronal representations in the downstream laterointermediate area of Long-Evans rats compared with primary visual cortex. However, we report no difference in the degree of clutter tolerance between the areas. These findings provide additional evidence for hierarchical processing of visual stimuli in rodents.
Case Studies in Neuroscience: Sensations elicited and discrimination ability from nerve cuff stimulation in an amputee over time
Authors: Ackerley Rochelle , Backlund Wasling Helena , Ortiz-Catalan Max , Brånemark Rickard , Wessberg Johan 
Published: May 2018

The present case study details sensations elicited by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerve axons using an implanted nerve cuff electrode, in a participant with a transhumeral amputation. The participant uses an osseointegrated electromechanical interface, which enables skeletal attachment of the prosthesis and long-term, stable, bidirectional communication between the implanted electrodes and prosthetic arm. We focused on evoking somatosensory percepts, where we tracked and quantified the evolution of perceived sensations in the missing hand, which were evoked from electrical stimulation of the nerve, for over 2 yr. These sensations included small, pointlike areas of either vibration or pushing, to larger sensations over wider areas, indicating the recruitment of a few and many afferents, respectively. Furthermore, we used a two-alternative forced choice paradigm to measure the level of discrimination between trains of brief electrical stimuli, to gauge what the participant could reliably distinguish between. At best, the participant was able to distinguish a 0.5-Hz difference and on average acquired a 3.8-Hz just-noticeable difference at a more stringent psychophysical level. The current work shows the feasibility for long-term sensory feedback in prostheses, via electrical axonal stimulation, where small and relatively stable percepts were felt that may be used to deliver graded sensory feedback. This opens up opportunities for signaling feedback during movements (e.g., for precision grip), but also for conveying more complex cutaneous sensations, such as texture. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate the long-term stability and generation of sensations from electrical peripheral nerve stimulation in an amputee, through an osseointegrated implant. We find that perceived tactilelike sensations could be generated for over 2 yr, in the missing hand. This is useful for prosthetic development and the implementation of feedback in artificial body parts.
Preclinical Development of a Bispecific Antibody that Safely and Effectively Targets CD19 and CD47 for the Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma and Leukemia
Authors: Buatois Vanessa , Johnson Zoë , Salgado-Pires Susana , Papaioannou Anne , Hatterer Eric , Chauchet Xavier , Richard Françoise , Barba Leticia , Daubeuf Bruno , Cons Laura , Broyer Lucile , D'Asaro Matilde , Matthes Thomas , LeGallou Simon , Fest Thierry , Tarte Karin , Clarke Hinojosa Robert K. , Genescà Ferrer Eulàlia , Ribera José María , Dey Aditi , Bailey Katharine , Fielding Adele K. , Eissenberg Linda , Ritchey Julie , Rettig Michael , DiPersio John F. , Kosco-Vilbois Marie H. , Masternak Krzysztof , Fischer Nicolas , Shang Limin , Ferlin Walter G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCD47, an ubiquitously expressed innate immune checkpoint receptor that serves as a universal “don't eat me” signal of phagocytosis, is often upregulated by hematologic and solid cancers to evade immune surveillance. Development of CD47-targeted modalities is hindered by the ubiquitous expression of the target, often leading to rapid drug elimination and hemotoxicity including anemia. To overcome such liabilities, we have developed a fully human bispecific antibody, NI-1701, designed to coengage CD47 and CD19 selectively on B cells. NI-1701 demonstrates favorable elimination kinetics with no deleterious effects seen on hematologic parameters following single or multiple administrations to nonhuman primates. Potent in vitro and in vivo activity is induced by NI-1701 to kill cancer cells across a plethora of B-cell malignancies and control tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. The mechanism affording maximal tumor growth inhibition by NI-1701 is dependent on the coengagement of CD47/CD19 on B cells inducing potent antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of the targeted cells. NI-1701–induced control of tumor growth in immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice was more effective than that achieved with the anti-CD20 targeted antibody, rituximab. Interestingly, a synergistic effect was seen when tumor-implanted mice were coadministered NI-1701 and rituximab leading to significantly improved tumor growth inhibition and regression in some animals. We describe herein, a novel bispecific antibody approach aimed at sensitizing B cells to become more readily phagocytosed and eliminated thus offering an alternative or adjunct therapeutic option to patients with B-cell malignancies refractory/resistant to anti-CD20–targeted therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1739–51. ©2018 AACR.
Clonal fish are more aggressive to distant relatives in a low resource environment
Authors: Makowicz Amber M. , Moore Tana , Schlupp Ingo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Kin selection explains conditions under which closely related individuals should be less antagonistic towards one another. One benefit of kin selection is a reduction in aggression towards kin in various social contexts, such as foraging. In the gynogenetic Amazon molly, females have been shown to differentiate between clone types, preferring to associate with clonal sisters to non-sisters, regulating their aggressive behaviours accordingly. We ask if Amazon mollies in resource-limited environments retain the ability to regulate aggressive behaviours according to relatedness. We found that focal females regulated their aggressive behaviours depending on partner type. Females spent more time behaving aggressively towards the heterospecific females than either of the clonal lineages, and towards non-sister clones compared to clonal sisters. We are able to confirm that kin discrimination is maintained, resulting in females showing more aggression towards heterospecific females and non-sister clones in a food-limited environment, and that this aggression scales with relatedness.
The function of play bows in Canis lupus and its variants: a comparison of dingo (Canis lupus dingo), dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and wolf puppies (Canis lupus)
Authors: Byosiere Sarah-Elizabeth , Espinosa Julia , Smith Bradley P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPlay bows represent a common, highly stereotyped behaviour across the genusCanis. However, much of what we know is limited to the wolf and its domestic derivative, the domestic dog. Here we continue to look at the function of play bows among subspecies/variants ofCanis lupusby including the dingo. Comparing dingoes to wolves and dogs may provide further insight into the impact of domestication on play behaviour. We analysed play bows in three-to-six month old dingo puppies and compared the results to previous studies of wolves and dogs. The function of play bows in dingoes appears consistent with those observed in dogs and wolf puppies. However, subtle intraspecific differences (such as the frequency and duration of play bows, and vocalizations during play) were apparent, and warrant further investigation in the genusCanis, as well as the Family Canidae more broadly.
PyTroll: An Open-Source, Community-Driven Python Framework to Process Earth Observation Satellite Data
Authors: Raspaud Martin , Hoese David , Dybbroe Adam , Lahtinen Panu , Devasthale Abhay , Itkin Mikhail , Hamann Ulrich , Rasmussen Lars Ørum , Nielsen Esben Stigård , Leppelt Thomas , Maul Alexander , Kliche Christian , Thorsteinsson Hrobjartur 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPyTroll (http://pytroll.org) is a suite of open-source easy-to-use Python packages to facilitate processing and efficient sharing of Earth Observation (EO) satellite data. The PyTroll software is intended for both 24/7 real-time operations as well as research and development. PyTroll grew out of the need to provide a resilient and agile platform that can respond quickly to new user needs and new data sources. PyTroll, being open source, stimulates international collaboration, which is vital with the rapid increase of satellite information availability. The PyTroll software development is strongly user driven and has grown over the past eight years from a collaborative effort between the Danish and Swedish national meteorological services to encompass a worldwide community with active contributors. PyTroll is being used at least operationally in the national meteorological services of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Estonia, and Latvia. However, given its simplicity, minimal demand on user resources, and community-driven approach, it also encourages and facilitates usage of EO data for individual applications. While PyTroll was originally developed to cater to the needs of the atmospheric remote sensing community, it could be equally useful for land and ocean applications and within hydrology. This article provides an overview of PyTroll, with examples showing the capability of some of the core packages.
Cross-Shelf Circulation Induced by the Kuroshio Shear Stress in the East China Sea
Authors: Wei Yanzhou 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study solves two-dimensional (cross-shelf and depth directions) steady-state nonlinear primitive equations to infer the cross-shelf circulation induced by the Kuroshio shear stress in the East China Sea (ECS). The Kuroshio velocity data are estimated from hydrographic observations at the PN section in the ECS. Nonlinear momentum equations are solved using an iterative approach in a terrain-following coordinate system, which helps to adequately take into account the boundary conditions over complex topography. The vertical shear stress of the Kuroshio is shown to induce two offshore transport pathways over the continental shelf, which are related to the structure of the interior geostrophic current and bottom Ekman transport, respectively. As a result of the vertical shear stress, an upwelling is induced above the bottom Ekman layer on the continental slope. The horizontal shear stress of the Kuroshio has the effect of inducing onshore transport at the flow core. The advection terms in the primitive equations are found to amplify the cross-shelf velocity solved from the linear equations. This study reveals that the Kuroshio has a substantial effect on the cross-shelf circulation and that it might drive multiple transport pathways.
Gist-based design of graphics to reduce caffeine consumption among adolescents
Authors: Cho Young Hoan , You Myoungsoon , Choi Hyoseon 
Published: May 2018

Background: Health message design plays an important role in knowledge acquisition and changes in attitudes towards a nutrient or substance, such as caffeine. To foster the effectiveness of health education, greater attention should be paid to the gist-based design of health messages that include visual representations. Fuzzy-trace theory indicates that gist knowledge can be influential in decision-making about health and medical problems. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different graphic types (i.e. gist, verbatim and decoration) on knowledge of gist and verbatim messages, which may in turn influence attitudes and intentions towards caffeine control. Method: Middle school students ( n = 315) in South Korea individually studied reading materials on caffeine under three research conditions with respect to graphic types. Results: This study found an interaction effect between sex and graphic types when it came to student perceptions of gist representation and the visual design of graphics. Graphic types also significantly influenced gist knowledge but not verbatim knowledge. Gist and verbatim graphics were more effective in acquiring gist knowledge about caffeine control than decorative graphics. In addition, gist knowledge significantly influenced attitudes and intentions towards caffeine control. Conclusion: The main finding of this study is the importance of acquiring gist knowledge from health messages, which can be enhanced through the effective use of visual representations.
Near Misses in Financial Trading: Skills for Capturing and Averting Error
Authors: Leaver Meghan , Griffiths Alex , Reader Tom 
Published: May 2018

Objective: The aims of this study were (a) to determine whether near-miss incidents in financial trading contain information on the operator skills and systems that detect and prevent near misses and the patterns and trends revealed by these data and (b) to explore if particular operator skills and systems are found as important for avoiding particular types of error on the trading floor. Background: In this study, we examine a cohort of near-miss incidents collected from a financial trading organization using the Financial Incident Analysis System and report on the nontechnical skills and systems that are used to detect and prevent error in this domain. Method: One thousand near-miss incidents are analyzed using distribution, mean, chi-square, and associative analysis to describe the data; reliability is provided. Results: Slips/lapses (52%) and human–computer interface problems (21%) often occur alone and are the main contributors to error causation, whereas the prevention of error is largely a result of teamwork (65%) and situation awareness (46%) skills. No matter the cause of error, situation awareness and teamwork skills are used most often to detect and prevent the error. Conclusion: Situation awareness and teamwork skills appear universally important as a “last line” of defense for capturing error, and data from incident-monitoring systems can be analyzed in a fashion more consistent with a “Safety-II” approach. Application: This research provides data for ameliorating risk within financial trading organizations, with implications for future risk management programs and regulation.