bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon as a Host for Tellurium for High‐Rate Li–Te and Na–Te Batteries
Authors: Li Yi , Zhang Youquan , Xu Qiuju , Hu Linyu , Shen Bolei , Liu Heng , Dai Chunlong , Bao Shujuan , Xu Maowen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon sponge, used as a matrix for tellurium accommodation, was designed and prepared in this work. The porosity of the matrix played an important role in enhancing the electrochemical performance of Li/Na–Te batteries. Specifically, the mesopores could accommodate active materials whereas the macropores provided sufficient space for partial Te accommodation and volume expansion in discharge. In addition, N heteroatoms in carbon species could enhance the electrical conductivity and widen its application in lithium/sodium storage. The monolithic and flaky architecture of the nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon sponge/tellurium composite offered a highly conductive network for fast electron transportation. As a result, the nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon sponge/tellurium composite achieved a superior rate performance for Li–Te and Na–Te batteries.
Benthic responses to an Antarctic regime shift: food particle size and recruitment biology
Authors: Dayton Paul K. , Jarrell Shannon C. , Kim Stacy , Ed Parnell P. , Thrush Simon F. , Hammerstrom Kamille , Leichter James J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolar ecosystems are bellwether indicators of climate change and offer insights into ecological resilience. In this study, we describe contrasting responses to an apparent regime shift of two very different benthic communities in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. We compared species‐specific patterns of benthic invertebrate abundance and size between the west (low productivity) and east (higher productivity) sides of McMurdo Sound across multiple decades (1960s–2010) to depths of 60 m. We present possible factors associated with the observed changes. A massive and unprecedented shift in sponge recruitment and growth on artificial substrata observed between the 1980s and 2010 contrasts with lack of dramatic sponge settlement and growth on natural substrata, emphasizing poorly understood sponge recruitment biology. We present observations of changes in populations of sponges, bryozoans, bivalves, and deposit‐feeding invertebrates in the natural communities on both sides of the sound. Scientific data for Antarctic benthic ecosystems are scant, but we gather multiple lines of evidence to examine possible processes in regional‐scale oceanography during the eight years in which the sea ice did not clear out of the southern portion of McMurdo Sound. We suggest that large icebergs blocked currents and advected plankton, allowed thicker multi‐year ice, and reduced light to the benthos. This, in addition to a possible increase in iron released from rapidly melting glaciers, fundamentally shifted the quantity and quality of primary production in McMurdo Sound. A hypothesized shift from large to small food particles is consistent with increased recruitment and growth of sponges on artificial substrata, filter‐feeding polychaetes, and some bryozoans, as well as reduced populations of bivalves and crinoids that favor large particles, and echinoderms Sterechinus neumayeri and Odontaster validus that predominantly feed on benthic diatoms and large phytoplankton mats that drape the seafloor after spring blooms. This response of different guilds of filter feeders to a hypothesized shift from large to small phytoplankton points to the enormous need for and potential value of holistic monitoring programs, particularly in pristine ecosystems, that could yield both fundamental ecological insights and knowledge that can be applied to critical conservation concerns as climate change continues.
Drivers of elevational richness peaks, evaluated for trees in the east Himalaya
Authors: Rana Suresh K. , Gross Kevin , Price Trevor D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlong elevational gradients, species richness often peaks at intermediate elevations and not the base. Here we refine and test eight hypotheses to evaluate causes of a richness peak in trees of the eastern Himalaya. In the field, we enumerated trees in 50 plots of size 0.1 ha each at eight zones along an elevational gradient and compared richness patterns with interpolation of elevational ranges of species from a thorough review of literature, including floras from the plains of India. The maximum number of species peaks at similar elevations in the two data sets (at 500 m in the field sampling and between 500 m and 1,000 m in range interpolation); concordance between the methods implies that statistical artefacts are unlikely to explain the peak in the data. We reject most hypotheses (e.g., area, speciation rate, mixing of distinct floras). We find support for a model in which climate (actual evapotranspiration [AET] or its correlates) sets both the number of species and each species optimum, coupled with a geometric constraint. We consider that AET declines with elevation, but an abrupt change in the association of AET with geographical distance into the plains means that the location of highest AET, at the base of the mountain, receives range overlaps from fewer species than the location just above the base. We formalize this explanation with a mathematical model to show how this can generate the observed low‐elevation richness peak.
Abyssal deposit‐feeding rates consistent with the metabolic theory of ecology
Authors: Durden Jennifer M. , Bett Brian J. , Huffard Christine L. , Ruhl Henry A. , Smith Kenneth L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) posits that metabolic rate controls ecological processes, such as the rate of resource uptake, from the individual‐ to the ecosystem‐scale. Metabolic rate has been found empirically to be an exponential function of whole organism body mass. We test a fundamental assumption of MTE, whether resource uptake scales to metabolism, by examining detritivores accessing a single common resource pool, an ideal study case. We used an existing empirical model of ingestion for aquatic deposit feeders adjusted for temperature to test whether ingestion by abyssal deposit feeders conforms to MTE‐predicted feeding rates. We estimated the sediment deposit‐feeding rates of large invertebrates from two abyssal study sites using time‐lapse photography, and related those rates to body mass, environmental temperature, and sediment organic matter content using this framework. Ingestion was significantly related to individual wet mass, with a mass‐scaling coefficient of 0.81, with 95% confidence intervals that encompass the MTE‐predicted value of 0.75, and the same pattern determined in other aquatic systems. Our results also provide insight into the potential mechanism through which this fundamental assumption operates. After temperature correction, both deep‐ and shallow‐water taxa might be summarized into a single mass‐scaled ingestion rate.
Classification of GLOSSECTOMIES: Proposal for tongue cancer resections
Authors: Ansarin Mohssen , Bruschini Roberto , Navach Valeria , Giugliano Gioacchino , Calabrese Luca , Chiesa Fausto , Medina Jesus E. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Shah Jatin P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgery of tongue tumors includes different procedures ranging from mucosal resection to complex combined resection. Numerous terms have been used to describe such procedures, but there is no consensus between the terminology and the extent of resection.Methods and ResultsWe searched the medical literature and found a lack of published information. We undertook to describe a new classification of surgical procedures for tongue tumor resection. We based it upon the surgical anatomy of the tongue and the spread of the cancer. We posited that there were five major types of glossectomy embracing all the methods of tongue cancer resection. This classification was reviewed and endorsed by an international team of experts.ConclusionWe propose a more precise classification than that currently in practice, thereby bringing clarity and consistency to the terminology, facilitating shared communication between surgeons, comparison between published research, and ultimately improving surgical practice and patient care.
Ultrasonic determination of gestational age by assessment of fetal kidney size in the third trimester in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Osho Evelyn S. , Ibitoye Bolanle O. , Adetiloye Victor A. , Adeyemi Adebanjo B. , Aderibigbe Adeniyi S. , Omisore Adeleye D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the strength of association between fetal kidney measurements and gestational age (GA) in third‐trimester pregnancies.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study in Ile‐Ife, Nigeria, women in the third trimester of a singleton pregnancy who were sure of the date of their last menstrual period or had an early pregnancy scan were recruited consecutively in 2012. Standard biometric measurements were taken, along with fetal kidney length (FKL), anteroposterior diameter (FKAPD), and transverse diameter (FKTD). Fetal kidney volume (FKV) was calculated via the ellipsoid formula. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression.ResultsIn total, 470 women were recruited. Compared with standard biometric parameters, renal parameters showed better correlation with GA. Among the standard parameters, femur length showed the strongest correlation with GA. FKL and FKV showed stronger positive correlation with GA as compared with FKTD and FKAPD. In multivariate linear regression modeling, FKL alone predicted GA with accuracy of ±10.1 days, whereas a combination of standard and kidney parameters predicted GA with better accuracy of ±8.0 days.ConclusionsCompared with standard biometric parameters, fetal renal parameters correlated better with GA in the third trimester. Among the renal parameters, FKL correlated most strongly with GA.
I‐Zone and Best‐in‐Show Winners
Authors: Donelan Jenny 
Published: January 2019

The Society for Information Display honored six exhibiting companies at Display Week 2014 in San Diego last June. These companies were Ostendo Technologies for best prototype in the Innovation Zone and AUO, BOE, GroGlass, LG Display, and Nanosys for Best‐in‐Show winners on the main exhibit floor.
Outcomes of surgical resection of gallbladder cancer in patients presenting with jaundice: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dasari Bobby V. M. , Ionescu Mihnea I. , Pawlik Timothy M. , Hodson James , Sutcliffe Robert P. , Roberts Keith J. , Muiesan Paolo , Isaac John , Marudanayagam Ravi , Mirza Darius F. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionPreoperative jaundice is considered a relative contraindication to radical gallbladder cancer (GBC) resection due to poor prognosis and high postoperative morbidity. Recent reports have indicated that aggressive surgery may improve long‐term survival for patients with advanced GBC who present with obstructive jaundice. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare postoperative outcomes among jaundiced and non‐jaundiced patients with resectable GBC.MethodsAn electronic search was performed using several Medical Subject Headings terms: cholecyst, gallbladder, tumor, cancer, carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, neoplasia, neoplasm, jaundice, and icterus. Overall survival after surgery was the primary outcome; resectability and postoperative morbidity were the secondary outcomes.ResultsOverall survival was shorter among patients who presented with jaundice (Hazard ratio [HR]: 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64‐2.97; P < 0.001). Patients with jaundice were less likely to have resectable disease (odds ratio: 0.27, 95% CI, 0.17‐0.43; P < 0.001). The jaundice group had higher odds of postoperative morbidity, bile‐leak, and posthepatectomy failure versus the non‐jaundiced control group.ConclusionsRadical surgery for GBC resection for patients presenting with obstructive jaundice was associated with reduced overall survival and increased postoperative morbidity. Jaundiced patients with advanced GBC should be considered for surgical resection but need careful evaluation and counseling before undertaking extensive surgical resection.
Lanthanum ion–impregnated granular activated carbon for the removal of phenol from aqueous solution: Equilibrium and kinetic study
Authors: Achari Velayudhanachari Sivanandan , Lopez Raichel Mary , Jayasree Sanjeevapai , Rajalakshmi Aliyath Somasekaran 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe current study discusses application of the lanthanum ions (La3+) as an activating agent incorporated /immobilized into coconut shell–based granular activated carbon (GAC) for porosity development; subsequently, the carbon material is used for the adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions. The new carbons were characterized using FTIR, XRD, CHNO, burn off, and carbon yield. The surface functional groups were determined by Boehm titration. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of the carbons is 953 m2 g−1 (GACLa1073), 997 m2 g−1 (GAC383), and 973 m2 g−1 (GACO383). Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and John–Sivanandan Achari (J‐SA) isotherm models on the equilibrium isotherm data were examined for the new carbon‐phenol system. It is found that the Langmuir isotherm fits better with a monolayer adsorption capacity, highest for GACLa1073 (387.59 mg g−1) followed by GAC383 (303.03 mg g−1) and GACO383 (197.62 mg g−1). Kinetic studies reveal that the adsorption system follows the pseudo–second‐order kinetic model. Isotherm analysis by the phase change method of John‐Sivanandan Achari (J‐SA) isotherm gives a better insight into adsorption phenomena, which is accompanied by regeneration studies of carbon with >75% for GACLa1073 after three cycles.
Interplay of Solvation and Size Effects Induced by the Counterions in Ionic Block Copolymers on the Basis of Hofmeister Series
Authors: Luo Haipeng , Tang Qiuju , Zhong Jiaxing , Lei Zhentao , Zhou Junyi , Tong Zaizai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTwo ionic block copolymers with different lengths of hydrophilic segments, polystyrene‐b‐poly(quaternized 4‐vinylpyridine)/ethyl bromide, are prepared by sequential reactions. They are originally self‐assembled into so‐called “large compound micelles” in aqueous solution. After ion exchange of Iˉ, SCN,ˉ and PF6ˉ for Brˉ, morphological transitions are controlled by a competition of solvation and size effects of the newly introduced counterions. The solvation effect is dominated in a relatively short corona‐forming block. Thus, sphere‐to‐wormlike particles, sphere‐to‐vesicle, and sphere‐to‐precipitate transitions are observed. In contrast, due to a long corona‐forming block, size effects become more profound after adding SCNˉ, thereby no morphological transition occurs. A morphological transition is characterized after partial exchange of Iˉ for Brˉ for both diblocks. A sphere‐to‐wormlike particles transition is observed only after most Brˉ is replaced by Iˉ. This work extends the understanding of morphological regulation through simple ion exchange and encourages rational design of nano‐assemblies.
Unprecedented Multicolor Photoluminescence from Hyperbranched Poly(amino ester)s
Authors: Yuan Luyao , Yan Hongxia , Bai Lihua , Bai Tian , Zhao Yan , Wang Lianlian , Feng Yuanbo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel kind of water‐soluble fluorescent hyperbranched poly(amino ester) (PAE) is prepared through a one‐pot polycondensation reaction of citric acid (CA) and N‐methyldiethanolamine (NMDEA). The PAE exhibits enhanced and red‐shift fluorescence with increasing solution concentration, showing distinct aggregation‐induced emission character. Interestingly, the resulting PAE exhibits tunable photoluminescence from blue, cyan, and green to red irradiated by altering the excitation wavelengths. Such unique emission of non‐conjugated PAE is attributed to the clustering of ester and tertiary amine groups derived from PAE self‐assembly aggregates. Moreover, the fluorescence of PAE is very sensitive to Fe3+ ions. The facile preparation and unique optical features make PAE potentially useful in numerous applications such as multicolor cellular imaging, Fe3+ ions probe, and light‐emitting diodes.
Detailed Structural Analysis of the Hyperbranched Polymers Formed in Self‐Condensing Vinyl Polymerization
Authors: Tobita Hidetaka 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMonte Carlo simulation is applied to investigate the effect of reactor types on the formed hyperbranched architecture. When a continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR) is used for the synthesis, the number of units incorporated into the largest cluster of dendritic units inside the hyperbranched polymer increases with molecular weight, while it does not increase in batch polymerization. The largest dendritic cluster formed in a CSTR consists of the monomeric units whose average residence time is large, while the average residence time of the singly connected peripheral units is small. The maximum span length as well as the mean‐square radius of gyration of the high molecular weight polymer is much smaller for the polymers synthesized in a CSTR, compared with batch polymerization. A universal relationship between the mean‐square radius of gyration and the maximum span length is found, which is valid for both batch and CSTR.
Classifying cold‐stress responses of inbred maize seedlings using RGB imaging
Authors: Enders Tara A. , St. Dennis Susan , Oakland Justin , Callen Steven T. , Gehan Malia A. , Miller Nathan D. , Spalding Edgar P. , Springer Nathan M. , Hirsch Cory D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIncreasing the tolerance of maize seedlings to low‐temperature episodes could mitigate the effects of increasing climate variability on yield. To aid progress toward this goal, we established a growth chamber‐based system for subjecting seedlings of 40 maize inbred genotypes to a defined, temporary cold stress while collecting digital profile images over a 9‐daytime course. Image analysis performed with PlantCV software quantified shoot height, shoot area, 14 other morphological traits, and necrosis identified by color analysis. Hierarchical clustering of changes in growth rates of morphological traits and quantification of leaf necrosis over two time intervals resulted in three clusters of genotypes, which are characterized by unique responses to cold stress. For any given genotype, the set of traits with similar growth rates is unique. However, the patterns among traits are different between genotypes. Cold sensitivity was not correlated with the latitude where the inbred varieties were released suggesting potential further improvement for this trait. This work will serve as the basis for future experiments investigating the genetic basis of recovery to cold stress in maize seedlings.
Zearalenone induces apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells through Fas‐Fas ligand and mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Cai Guodong , Si Mengxue , Li Xi , Zou Hui , Gu Jianhong , Yuan Yan , Liu Xuezhong , Liu Zongping , Bian Jianchun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractZearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogen‐like toxin produced by Fusarium that is widely found in cereals worldwide. In recent years, ZEA has been found to cause reproductive dysfunction in male animals, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study examined the apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells induced by different concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L) of ZEA via Fas‐Fas ligand and mitochondrial signaling pathway in vitro. Apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by immunofluorescence assay and flow cytometry. Western Blot and qRT‐PCR were used to identify the signaling pathway. The results revealed that ZEA induced apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells, significantly reduced the transcription and expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2, increased the transcription and expression of pro‐apoptotic proteins Bax and tBID, and Fas, FasL, FADD, and caspase‐8. ZEA also increased the activation of caspase‐8 and caspase‐9, and promoted the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Moreover, addition of caspase‐8 inhibitor Z‐IETD‐FMK led to significant decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis rate of the ZEA + Z‐IETD‐FMK group as compared to the ZEA treatment group. The release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to cytoplasm and the activation of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 were significantly decreased in the ZEA + Z‐IETD‐FMK group. These results suggested that ZEA can induce apoptosis of rat Sertoli cells, activate the Fas‐Fas ligand signaling pathway and participate in the regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.
Short‐Term Readmissions After Open, Thoracoscopic, and Robotic Lobectomy for Lung Cancer Based on the Nationwide Readmissions Database
Authors: Bailey Katherine L. , Merchant Natalie , Seo Young‐Ji , Elashoff David , Benharash Peyman , Yanagawa Jane 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundReadmission after surgery is an established surrogate indicator of quality of care. We aimed to compare short‐term readmission rates and patient outcomes between open, video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS), and robotic lobectomies in the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD).Methods
Adults who underwent open, VATS, or robotic lobectomy for lung cancer from 2010 to 2014 were evaluated. Propensity‐matched analysis was used to assess differences in readmission characteristics, GDP‐adjusted cost, and mortality.ResultsOf the 129,539 lobectomies for lung cancer, 74,493 (57.5%) were open, 48,185 (37.2%) VATS, and 6861 (5.3%) robotic. Open surgery was associated with significantly higher readmission rate (10.5 vs 9.3%, p < 0.001), mortality (2 vs 1.2%, p < 0.001), index hospitalization cost [$21,846 (16,158–31,034) vs $20,779 (15,619–27,920), p < 0.001], and length of stay [6 (5–9) vs 4 (3–7) days, p < 0.001] compared to minimally invasive surgery. The robotic approach had similar mortality, readmission rate, and length of stay compared to VATS, but higher index cost [$23,870 (18,372–31,300) vs $20,279 (15,275–27,375), p < 0.001] and incidence of pulmonary complication (35.9 vs 31.6%, p < 0.001). The robotic approach was associated with greater direct discharges to home.ConclusionsAnalysis of the NRD revealed significantly reduced readmission rates, better clinical outcomes, and lower cost in the minimally invasive approach compared to open surgery. Although VATS and robotic surgery had similar readmission and mortality rates, VATS is associated with significantly reduced risk of short‐term complications and lower cost.
High-yield production of l-serine from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Dong , Zhu Jiafen , Liu Wang , Xu Guoqiang , Zhang Xiaojuan , Shi Jinsong , Xu Zhenghong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
l-Serine is widely used in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, and the direct fermentation to produce l-serine from cheap carbon sources such as glycerol is greatly desired. The production of l-serine by engineered Escherichia coli from glycerol has not been achieved so far. In this study, E. coli was engineered to efficiently produce l-serine from glycerol. To this end, three l-serine deaminase genes were deleted in turn, and all of the deletions caused the maximal accumulation of l-serine at 0.06 g/L. Furthermore, removal of feedback inhibition by l-serine resulted in a titer of 1.1 g/L. Additionally, adaptive laboratory evolution was employed to improve glycerol utilization in combination with the overexpression of the cysteine/acetyl serine transporter gene eamA, leading to 2.36 g/L l-serine (23.6% of the theoretical yield). In 5-L bioreactor, l-serine titer could reach up to 7.53 g/L from glycerol, demonstrating the potential of the established strain and bioprocess.