bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mejoramiento de la textura del brócoli (brassuca olerácea)a través de la manipulación de los tiempos de blanqueo
Authors: Alvarez Fernando , Santamaría Freire Edwin , Santamaría Díaz Edwin , Amores José Luis 
Published: April 2019

El proceso de blanqueo actúa directamente en la textura del brócoli, haciendo de esta actividad crítica para la calidad y costos del producto en el mercado internacional, por ello se busca identificar el tratamiento óptimo de blanqueo para obtener una adecuada textura en el brócoli. Se estudió el brócoli mediante diseño experimental de bloques aleatorios, donde se ensayan con tiempos de blanqueo y las texturas conseguidas, para elegir el mejor tratamiento comparado con el brócoli blanqueado en tiempos habituales, la recolección de datos se realiza con Tenderometro TM-2 para el análisis sensorial y microbiológico, utilizando tres tamaños de florete (20-40, 30-50, 40-60 mm) que son los utilizados en el país para el mercado internacional. Los resultados fueron evaluados mediante diseño de un solo factor para el análisis sensorial, lo que permitió aplicar test ANOVA, encontrando evidencia estadísticamente significativa que el tiempo de blanqueo está relacionado con la textura del brócoli. Posteriormente, se evaluó con catadores dos muestras por cada tamaño de florete y valorado por test de Wilcoxon donde se demostró que la reducción del tiempo de blanqueo no afecta a la percepción de calidad (color, sabor, olor), pero si incide en la textura del producto blanqueado. El estudio concluye determinando que el tiempo óptimo de blanqueo es de 70 segundos para el tamaño de florete 20-40 mm, 105 segundos para el tamaño de florete 30-50 mm y 40-60 mm.
Muharebeden Diplomasiye: Lozan Konferansı’nda Türk Delegasyon Heyetinin Karşılaştığı Zorluklar
Authors: Babaoğlu Resul 
Published: April 2019

Kurtuluş Savaşı’nın başarıyla sonlanmasının ardından, dönemin siyasi aktörleri, bir an önce, yeni bir devletin temellerini atmak istemişlerdir. Savaş haline son vermek için toplanan Lozan Konferansı, var olan sorunların çözülmesi için bir fırsat olarak görülmüştür. Zira İstanbul’un tahliye edilmesi ve savaş sonrası duruma geçilip devletler arasındaki sorunların kalıcı bir şekilde çözülebilmesi için Lozan Konferansı büyük önem taşımaktaydı. Lozan Konferansı’nda yürütülen müzakerelerin bir boyutu da son yüzyılda Avrupalı devletler karşısında bir varlık gösteremeyen Osmanlı diplomasisinden farklılaşmak isteyen Anadolu Hareketinin Lozan müzakerelerinde karşılaştığı içinden çıkılmaz güçlüklerdi. Bu çalışma kapsamında Türk delegasyon heyetinin Lozan Konferansı’nda içine girdiği diplomasi mücadelesinde yaşadığı çıkmazlar ve geliştirdiği çözüm yöntemleri üzerinde durularak birincil kaynaklar ışığında Yeni Türkiye Devleti’nin diplomatik temellerinin aydınlatılmasına katkı sunulmaya çalışılacaktır.
The South African perspective on the lean manufacturing Respect for People principles
Authors: Coetzee Rojanette , Jonker Cara , Van der Merwe Karl , Van Dyk Liezl 
Published: April 2019

Orientation: Many industries have adopted the popular continuous improvement (CI) approach, lean manufacturing, to facilitate CI initiatives. However, several studies have confirmed that the low success rate of lean implementation can be attributed to the disproportionate focus on lean tools and techniques at the expense of the human factor, as expressed in the Respect for People (RFP) principles mentioned in lean literature.Research purpose: To provide qualitative insight into the understanding and applicability of the Japanese RFP principles within the South African context.Motivation for the study: An improved understanding of these RFP principles within the South African context can contribute to more successful lean implementations.Research approach/design and method: A phenomenological approach was followed to conduct the study in different South African industries. Purposive, expert sampling was used and 22 individuals took part in the exploratory discussions. Data analysis was performed using applied thematic analysis.Main findings: The South African participants identified all the Japanese RFP principles as applicable to the South African context. However, additional RFP themes were also identified, specifically job security and aligned commitment.Practical/managerial implications: These findings are of importance to organisations planning to implement a Japanese-designed optimisation technique within a South African context. Organisations should pay attention to the original Japanese RFP themes and the additional RFP themes identified in this study.Contribution/value-add: This study contributes to the limited research available on lean manufacturing and the RFP principles within the South African context. New RFP themes are provided for organisations implementing a Japanese CI methodology within a South African context. The comparison of the understanding of the RFP themes in Japan and South Africa also contributes to the field of industrial psychology.
Italian Version of the Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test for the Assessment of Hand Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Nobilia Marta , Culicchia Greta , Tofani Marco , De Santis Rita , Savona Andrea , Guarino Domenico , Valente Donatella , Galeoto Giovanni 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Importance: Having a test to evaluate hand function is fundamental to occupational therapy practice.
Objective: To assess the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT).
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Three health care institutions in Rome, Italy.
Participants: 136 people with injuries, burns, or neurological diseases of the hand.
Intervention: No intervention was provided.
Outcomes and Measures: We administered the JTHFT, an assessment of fine motor skills during performance of activities of daily living, and compared results with dynamometer readings.
Results: The mean ± standard deviation total time required to perform all subtests was 89.47 ± 67.98 s for the dominant hand (DH) and 167.11 ± 257.58 s for the nondominant hand (NDH). Reliability procedures were applied to data from 51 participants; mean intrarater intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was .814 for the DH and .981 for the NDH, and mean interrater ICC was .818 for the DH and .821 for the NDH. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were significant.
Conclusion and Relevance: Results support the use of the Italian version of the JTHFT as a measure of functional dexterity in people with upper limb disorders.
What This Article Adds: The JTHFT is a valid and reliable assessment tool for nonspecific hand diseases. Italian health professionals can now use the JTHFT with more confidence.
Does the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index explain spatial and temporal variability in sap velocity in temperate forest ecosystems?
Authors: Hoek van Dijke Anne J. , Mallick Kaniska , Teuling Adriaan J. , Schlerf Martin , Machwitz Miriam , Hassler Sibylle K. , Blume Theresa , Herold Martin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Understanding the link between vegetation characteristics and tree transpiration is a critical need
to facilitate satellite-based transpiration estimation. Many studies use the
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a proxy for tree biophysical
characteristics, to estimate evapotranspiration. In this study, we
investigated the link between sap velocity and 30 m resolution
Landsat-derived NDVI for 20 days during 2 contrasting precipitation years in
a temperate deciduous forest catchment. Sap velocity was measured in the
Attert catchment in Luxembourg in 25 plots of 20×20 m covering three
geologies with sensors installed in two to four trees per plot. The results
show that, spatially, sap velocity and NDVI were significantly positively
correlated in April, i.e. NDVI successfully captured the pattern of sap
velocity during the phase of green-up. After green-up, a significant negative
correlation was found during half of the studied days. During a dry period,
sap velocity was uncorrelated with NDVI but influenced by geology and aspect.
In summary, in our study area, the correlation between sap velocity and NDVI
was not constant, but varied with phenology and water availability. The same
behaviour was found for the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). This suggests
that methods using NDVI or EVI to predict small-scale variability in
(evapo)transpiration should be carefully applied, and that NDVI and EVI
cannot be used to scale sap velocity to stand-level transpiration in
temperate forest ecosystems.
Gold ± Copper Endowment and Deposit Diversity in the Western Tethyan Magmatic Belt, Southeast Europe: Implications for Exploration
Authors: Baker T. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Major Au and Cu deposits in the Western Tethyan magmatic belt formed during two main periods of Cretaceous and Cenozoic magmatism. The Cretaceous deposits are dominantly Cu-Au porphyry, high-sulfidation epithermal, and volcanic massive sulfide deposits, whereas in the Cenozoic Cu is significant only in porphyry systems. However, the Cenozoic contains approximately three times greater total Au endowment (for Au deposits >0.5 million ounces), and also has a greater deposit diversity, including porphyry Au-Cu and Au-only deposits, high-, intermediate-, and low-sulfidation epithermal Au systems, and Au-rich carbonate replacement and sediment-hosted styles. The differences in endowment and deposit styles likely reflect regional-scale tectono-magmatic processes as well as local preservation and emplacement levels. The Cu ± Au endowment of the Cretaceous is consistent with typical subduction-related arc environments and generation of calc-alkaline porphyry to high-sulfidation epithermal systems, whereas Au enrichment related to Cenozoic magmatism appears to be related to high-K calc-alkalic to shoshonitic compositions. In many of the Au-rich Cenozoic magmatic belts, there is geochemical evidence for sourcing subcontinental lithospheric mantle that was previously enriched by Cretaceous subduction-related metasomatism. Additional differences in Au endowment may reflect the preservation of shallow-level systems in the Cenozoic, particularly for the Au-rich Miocene porphyry deposits such as Kışladağ and Bierly Vrch and the Apuseni porphyry Au-Cu deposits. However, in both the Cretaceous and Cenozoic, crustal exposure levels vary across the belt and cannot explain all the differences in Cu and Au endowment.
A compilation of exploration discovery methods highlights the importance of historic workings in addition to geochemistry and geology as an initial vector, whereas geophysics has had limited involvement in direct discovery, primarily due to its limited application historically. Geologic models for well-understood systems such as porphyry and proximal epithermal systems provide excellent guides for explorers; however, more distal deposits such as Au-rich carbonate replacement deposits and deposits with poorly constrained models such as sedimentary rock-hosted and intermediate-sulfidation deposits are more challenging for exploration.
Mobile Individualism: The Subjectivity of EU Citizenship
Authors: Skrbic Aristel 
Published: April 2019

Mobile Individualism: The Subjectivity of EU Citizenship
The central aim of this article is to analyse the manner in which the legal structure of EU citizenship subjectifies Union citizens. I begin by explicating Alexander Somek’s account of individualism as a concept which captures EU citizenship and propose to update his analysis by coining the notion of mobile individualism. By looking at a range of CJEU’s case law on EU citizenship through the lens of the purely internal rule and the transnational character of EU citizenship, I suggest that movement sits at the core of EU citizenship. In order to adequately capture this unique structure of citizenship, we need a concept of individualism which takes movement rather than depoliticisation as its central object of analysis. I propose that the notion of mobile individualism can best capture the subjectivity of a model EU citizen, a citizen who is a-political due to being mobile.
Europe Kidnapped
Authors: La Torre Massimo 
Published: April 2019

Europe Kidnapped: Spanish Voices on Citizenship and Exile
Exile and migration are once more central issues in the contemporary European predicament. This short article intends to discuss these questions elaborating on the ideas of two Spanish authors, a novelist, Max Aub, and a philosopher, María Zambrano, both marked by the tragic events of civil war and forced expatriation. Exile and migration in their existential perspective are meant as a prologue to the vindication of citizenship.
Resource Description and Access Adoption and Implementation in Public Libraries in the United States
Authors: Panchyshyn Roman S. , Lambert Frank P. , McCutcheon Sevim 
Published: April 2019

This study surveyed the current state of knowledge about, and application or use of, Resource Description and Access (RDA) among American public library catalogers. In 2017, an online survey request was e-mailed to four thousand libraries for the person or persons most responsible for cataloging to complete the questionnaire. More than three hundred libraries responded. The data expose serious concerns with RDA adoption within the public library sector. While a majority of catalogers know about RDA, their working knowledge about it differs substantially depending on whether they work in rural or urban library settings. Regardless, 22 percent of respondants still had not heard of the RDA standard until completing this survey. While further training and educational opportunities (along with funds) for catalogers nationwide would help minimize this disparity, LIS schools also can play a role by educating more thoroughly the next generations of catalogers in this newer descriptive standard. Coming on the brink of a shift in the theoretical framework of the RDA standard, from the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) model to the IFLA Library Reference Model (LRM), public library catalogers risk falling even farther behind in their knowledge and competency with the RDA standard.
Prevalence and Determinants of Low Back Pain among Lecturers: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Ogunboyo O. F. , Halid O. Y. , Adigun K. A. , Ilesanmi A. O. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Lower back pain is one of the most common work-related problems among teaching professionals in both developed and developing nations and it often leads to absenteeism or early retirement of workers. Thus the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of low back pain among academic staff.
Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was adopted. Five faculties were randomly selected in Ekiti State University, Nigeria and a self-structured questionnaire was purposively administered; depending on interest and availability of the respondents. The data was explored and Chi-square analysis alongside binary logistic regression was applied in order to evaluate the relationship between low back pain and some associated factors. Analysis was carried out in SPSS version 20.
Results: This study comprises 127 lecturers with a mean age of (41.95±9.42). There were more males (55.9%) than females. More than thirty six percent of the lecturers had teaching experience below 5 years while 44.9% had 5 to 10 years and 18.9% had above 10 years of teaching experience. The results show that age, gender, prolonged sitting and prolonged standing significantly (p-value <.05) associated with occurrence of low back pain among lecturers while mixed teaching posture serves a protective against low back pain.
Conclusion: The results reveal a very high prevalence of low back pain. Findings show that female gender, old age and inappropriate work postures are the risk factors of low back pain. It is suggested that effort should be to ameliorate occupational stress among academic staff.
A Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Phenolic Ether ‘O to C’ Rearrangement: Synthesis of 4‐Aryldihydrocoumarins
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Kunkalkar Rupesh A. , Fernandes Rodney A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn efficient O to C rearrangement of phenolic ethers is developed. The Lewis acid BF3⋅OEt2 (0.5 equiv) could catalyze the O to C migration of β‐aryloxy‐β‐arylesters to β,β‐bis‐arylesters, thereby the free phenolic OH cyclizes with the ester group, resulting in the formation of 4‐aryldihydrocoumarins.
Novel electrodynamic oscillation technique enables enhanced mass transfer and mixing for cultivation in micro‐bioreactor
Authors: Frey Lasse J. , Vorländer David , Rasch Detlev , Ostsieker Hendrik , Müller Bernhard , Schulze Moritz , Schenkendorf René , Mayr Torsten , Grosch Jan‐Hendrik , Krull Rainer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicro‐bioreactors (MBRs) have become an indispensable part for modern bioprocess development enabling automated experiments in parallel while reducing material cost. Novel developments aim to further intensify the advantages as dimensions are being reduced. However, one factor hindering the scale‐down of cultivation systems is to provide adequate mixing and mass transfer. Here, vertical oscillation is demonstrated as an effective method for mixing of MBRs with a reaction volume of 20 μL providing adequate mass transfer. Electrodynamic exciters are used to transduce kinetic energy onto the cultivation broth avoiding additional moving parts inside the applied model MBR. The induced vertical vibration leads to oscillation of the liquid surface corresponding to the frequency and displacement. On this basis, the resonance frequency of the fluid was identified as the most decisive factor for mixing performance. Applying this vertical oscillation method outstanding mixing times below 1 s and exceptionally high oxygen transport with volumetric mass transfer coefficients (kLa) above 1,000/hr can be successfully achieved and controlled. To evaluate the applicability of this vertical oscillation mixing for low volume MBR systems, cultivations ofEscherichia coliBL21 as proof‐of‐concept were performed. The dissolved oxygen was successfully online monitored to assure any avoidance of oxygen limitations during the cultivation. The here presented data illustrate the high potential of the vertical oscillation technique as a flexible measure to adapt mixing times and oxygen transfer according to experimental demands. Thus, the mixing technique is a promising tool for various biological and chemical micro‐scale applications still enabling adequate mass transfer.
Flow Compartments in Viscoelastic Fluids Using Radial Impellers in Stirred Tanks
Authors: Kolano Markus , Kraume Matthias 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe influence of viscoelastic flow properties on fluid dynamics using radial impellers is investigated. The use of transparent model fluids allows for the optical measurement of general flow behavior with a fluorescence dying technique. By varying viscoelastic flow properties, size of agitators and rotational frequency, the impact of these parameters on fluid dynamics is analyzed. Toroidally shaped, cavern‐like flow compartments form around the agitators in all fluids in specific rotational frequency ranges, preventing an efficient mixing. By balancing elastic with centrifugal forces, a simple model is developed with which compartment sizes can be predicted with good accuracy. The results indicate a good suitability of the elasticity number as a scale‐up criterion.
Ankle‐brachial index, arterial stiffness, and biomarkers in the prediction of mortality and outcomes in patients with end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: Otsuka Kenichiro , Nakanishi Koki , Shimada Kenei , Nakamura Haruo , Inanami Hitoshi , Nishioka Hiroki , Fujimoto Kohei , Kasayuki Noriaki , Yoshiyama Minoru 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough ankle‐brachial index (ABI) and brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) are significant predictors of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), their prognostic value in association with biomarkers has not been fully evaluated in patients with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD).HypothesisWe hypothesized that ABI/baPWV would provide better prognostic value independent of biomarkers in ESKD patients.MethodsThis study included 104 ESKD patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis who underwent ABI and baPWV examinations and laboratory tests, including brain‐natriuretic peptide, high‐sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT), and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP). MACE was defined as a composite event of all‐cause death, acute coronary syndrome, and stroke.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up of 3.6 ± 1.7 years, a total of 51 MACE were observed. The independent factors associated with MACE were age >75 years (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.15; P < .05), abnormal ABI (adjusted HR, 2.01; P < .05), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% (adjusted HR, 3.33; P < .001), the upper tertile of hs‐cTnT (adjusted HR, 2.77; P < .05), and hs‐CRP (HR, 1.96; P < .05). However, baPWV did not remain as an independent predictor of MACE in the entire cohort and also in patients without abnormal ABI. The combination of predictors improves the predictive value of MACE, providing increased HR with 4.00 for abnormal ABI + hs‐CRP, 4.42 for abnormal ABI + hs‐cTnT, and 7.04 for abnormal ABI + LVEF <50% (all P < .001).ConclusionAbnormal ABI is a robust predictor of MACE independent of biomarkers and their combination provides better risk stratification compared with a single predictor in ESKD patients.
Association of C‐reactive protein and vitamin D deficiency with cardiovascular disease: A nationwide cross‐sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2008
Authors: Li Qian , Dai Zhenguo , Cao Yuze , Wang Lihua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe association of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unknown.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis on 3848 participants by using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007 to 2008). CVD was defined as a compromise of stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and coronary heart disease. High CRP was defined as ≥0.2 mg/dL, and vitamin D status were categorized as severe deficiency, <25 nmol/mL; deficiency, 25 to 49.9 nmol/mL; insufficiency, 50 to 74.9 nmol/mL; and normal, ≥75 nmol/mL. Statistical analysis was performed using logistic regression models.ResultsWe found that both high CRP and low 25(OH)D levels were associated with CVD. Participants with high CRP levels and severe vitamin D deficiency had a higher likelihood of having CVD than those with neither risk factor (odds ratio = 2.69, 95% confidence interval = 1.45‐4.98, P = .0017). In stratified analysis, a significant positive association between vitamin D level and CVD was observed only in the high CRP group. However, in the absence of high CRP, even with severe vitamin D deficiency, no association was found with an increasing risk of CVD (P = .6416).ConclusionWithin a cross‐sectional, nationally representative sample, these findings suggest that vitamin D status evaluation, or vitamin D supplement may be especially important for individuals with high CRP levels.