bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from coffee silverskin: Impact on phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and morphological characteristics
Authors: Wen Le , Zhang Zhihang , Rai Dilip , Sun Da‐Wen , Tiwari Brijesh K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCoffee silverskin (CSS) has various nutritional and functional properties, enabling it for valuable applications. Ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) is an efficient and economic extraction technique. In this research, UAE was employed in the extraction of bioactive compounds from CSS with water and methanol–water mixture as solvent. Extraction efficacy between the UAE‐treated extracts and the UAE‐untreated (control) was assessed in terms of the total phenolic content (TPC), caffeine content, chlorogenic acids (CGAs), and antioxidant capacities. The yields of TPC were in the range from 5.80 ± 0.06 to 8.94 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g sample. Phenolic content and antioxidant activity were highly enhanced by applying UAE compared to the controls. Noticeable caffeine content in the range from 3.27 ± 0.10 to 4.29 ± 0.01 g/100 g sample was found in the CSS samples. CGAs (3‐CGA, 4‐CGA, and 5‐CGA) were all quantified. Methanol–water extracts showed significantly (p < .05) higher TPC, caffeine content, and antioxidant capacity than water extracts. The micro‐structure investigation of CSS indicated UAE can cause cell disruption and micro cracks so that it can be an effective extraction technique. Peleg's model showed a good fitting (R2 > 0.94) to the experimental results on the kinetics of UAE of phenolics compounds.Practical applicationsCoffee is a most consumed beverage internationally. Due to its great production, large quantities of residues including coffee pulp and husk, coffee silver skin, and spent coffee grounds are generated in the coffee industry. Among them, coffee silverskin (CSS) is a by‐product during the coffee roasting process, which contains nutritional and functional properties. As an efficient and economic novel extraction technique, ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) was employed in the current study to extract bioactive compounds from coffee silverskin with water and methanol–water mixture as solvent in order to overcome various disadvantages encountered by the conventional extraction methods. Results indicated that application of UAE pretreatment showed significantly higher recovery of phenolic compounds compared to the controls and high ultrasound intensity (38 W/cm2) was more effective in recovering polyphenols compared to 5 W/cm2 ultrasonic treatments. Therefore, results from the current study provide useful and practical information for the coffee industry.
Atorvastatin in combination with conventional antimicrobial treatment of Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Sarkeshikian Seyed Saeed , Ghadir Mohammad Reza , Alemi Faezeh , Jalali Seyed Mahdi , Hormati Ahmad , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori is one of the main causes of digestive diseases, which is difficult to treat and requires the administration of several antimicrobial agents. Considering the anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial effect of atorvastatin, the present study aimed at adding this agent to a four‐drug regimen in order to eradicate H. pylori.MethodsA total of 220 patients with H. pylori infection were included in the current randomized controlled clinical trial. In the current study, 110 patients in the control group received a 14‐day regimen of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, bismuth, and esomeprazole, and 110 patients in the intervention group received 40 mg of atorvastatin daily plus the antibiotic regimen for 14 weeks. The treatment results were evaluated 1 month later using H. pylori stool antigen test. Data were collected using checklist and analyzed using chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests with spss version 18.ResultsHelicobacter pylori eradication rate in the intervention and control groups was 78.18% and 65.45%, respectively (P = 0.025), and there was a significant difference in terms of non‐ulcer dyspepsia between the groups (P = 0.049), but there was no significant difference in age, gender, and body mass index between the two groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe present study results showed that adding atorvastatin to the four‐drug regimen of omeprazole, clarithromycin, bismuth, and amoxicillin is effective in the eradication of H. pylori. Also, the addition of atorvastatin to H. pylori eradication therapy is more effective in patients with non‐ulcer dyspepsia.
MAP(ASH): A new scoring system for the prediction of intervention and mortality in upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Redondo‐Cerezo Eduardo , Vadillo‐Calles Francisco , Stanley Adrian J , Laursen Stig , Laine Loren , Dalton Harry R , Ngu Jing H , Schultz Michael , Jiménez‐Rosales Rita 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimRisk stratification for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is recommended. However, scoring system accuracy is suboptimal, and score calculation can be complex. Our aim was to develop a new score, the MAP(ASH) score, with information available in the emergency room and to validate it.MethodsThe score was built from a prospective database of patients with UGIB and validated in an international database of 3012 patients from six hospitals. Outcomes were 30‐day mortality, endoscopic intervention, any intervention (red blood transfusion, endoscopic treatment, interventional radiology, surgery, or death), and rebleeding. Accuracy to predict outcomes was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).ResultsFive hundred forty‐seven patients were included in the development cohort. Impaired mental status, albumin < 2.5 g/dL, pulse > 100, American Society of Anesthesiologists score > 2, systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg, and hemoglobin < 10 g/dL were included in the score. The model had a good predictive accuracy for intervention (AUROC = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79–0.88) and fair for mortality (AUROC = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.68–0.81). Regarding endoscopic intervention, AUROC was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.56–0.66) in the original cohort and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.66–0.71) in the validation cohort, showing a poor performance, similar to other scores. For rebleeding, the MAP(ASH) (AUROC 0.73; 95% CI: 0.69–0.77) was similar to Glasgow Blatchford score (AUROC = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.67–0.76) but superior to AIMS65 (AUROC = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.59–0.68).ConclusionMAP(ASH) is a simple pre‐endoscopy risk score to predict intervention after UGIB, with fair discrimination at predicting mortality. Because of its applicability, it could be an option in clinical practice.
Micro work‐family decision‐making of dual‐income couples with young children: What does a couple like us do in a situation like this?
Authors: Cluley Heather , Hecht Tracy D. 
Published: July 2019

The goal of this study was to address the following research question: How do couples with young children make micro work‐family decisions? Using a qualitative approach, we interviewed 29 couples, both together and apart, about work‐family decision‐making, including common routines (work hours, childcare/school drop‐offs, and pickups) and daily decisions (dealing with sick kids and unexpected work). We analysed over 200 decisions using thematic and critical incident analysis, and came to understand the stories in our data from the lens of decision logics. We observed that different types of couples made different choices because they had different rules for appropriate behaviour guiding their decisions. This way of making decisions is consistent with the logic of appropriateness model of decision‐making, in which decisions are made by following rules that are derived from identity construals. We observed that couples’ rules emanated from their joint family identity construals, rather than their individual construals. This is a novel finding that drives theory on decision‐making forward by showing how this decision logic can apply when couples are the decision‐making unit. Practically, our results can be applied to broaden employers’ awareness of how work and family responsibilities can be met by different employees and to increase couples’ knowledge of alternative approaches.Practitioner points

Employees who are part of dual‐income couples make work‐family decisions based on their family identities, but there are numerous ways to construe family identities and employers should not assume that all men see their family roles as providers, nor do all women see their family roles as caregivers.

Employers should welcome employees’ suggestions about how they can best complete their work and should recognize that employees can be creative when it comes to managing work and family demands.

Employers should promote a more open environment in which employees and managers can discuss their work and family situations, and how they approach meeting family demands.

Interventions could be designed to help dual‐income couples increase their own understanding of their family identities and their awareness of different ways to be a dual‐income couple.
Repression of metastasis‐associated protein 2 for inhibiting metastasis of human oral cancer cells by promoting the p‐cofilin‐1/ LC3‐II expression
Authors: Tseng Tsai‐Yi , Chiou Hui‐Ling , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Chen Yong‐Syuan , Hsu Li‐Sung , Lee Chien‐Hsing , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe overexpression of metastasis‐associated protein 2 (MTA2) contributes to human tumor progression and metastasis in various tumor cells. However, the role of MTA2 in human oral cancer progression remains unknown.Materials and methodsMTA2 expression in human oral tumor tissues and cell lines was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were analyzed using MTT assay and flow cytometry. The effects of MTA2 on oral cell migration and invasion were investigated using migration and invasion assays. The expression of MTA2, p‐cofilin‐1, and MTA2‐induced LC3‐II levels were measured using Western blotting and an immunofluorescence assay.ResultsBased on the human oral cancer tissue array and TCGA database, we found that MTA2 was increased in oral cancer tissues than in non‐tumor oral tissues (P < .01). Moreover, MTA2 is significantly associated with tumor grade (P < .01) and the overall survival rate of patients with grade III tumor (P < .05). MTA2 expression in oral cancer cells was markedly higher than that in normal oral cells. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were not significantly changed in the cells inhibited by MTA2. MTA2 knockdown can inhibit cell migration and invasion of human oral cancer cells. Furthermore, we suggest that MTA2 inhibition enhances p‐cofilin and LC3‐II expression, and the knockdown of LC3‐II expression in cells inhibited by MTA2 had the opposite effect.ConclusionThese results indicate that MTA2 may serve as a candidate prognostic biomarker and that targeting autophagy is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating human oral cancer.
How parents use, search for and appraise online health information on their child's medical condition: A pilot study
Authors: Benedicta Benedicta , Caldwell Patrina HY , Scott Karen M 
Published: July 2019

AimThe internet has rapidly developed to become a default information source for parents when searching for information about their child's medical condition. This study aims to understand how parents use, search for and appraise the relevance and credibility of online information relating to children's health.MethodsThis research involved a practical task with parents of in‐patients with subacute health conditions at The Children's Hospital at Westmead. Each was presented with a scenario detailing symptoms of a paediatric health condition and asked to search for online health information on their mobile device. Participants' search was video‐recorded. A semi‐structured interview was then conducted to explore participants' use, search and appraisal of online health information. Interview audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Videos of practical tasks were analysed using an observation checklist.ResultsTwenty‐two parents participated. Four themes were identified: Wide spectrum of online health information utilisation, techniques in searching for online health information, appraising relevance and appraising credibility. Most parents used online health information flexibly in conjunction with consultations with health professionals, depending on assumptions about the severity of their child's condition, availability of health professionals and relationship with their child's doctor. Most focused on website titles and descriptions more than website sources when selecting a website.ConclusionMost parents exhibited a wide use of online health information utilisation, from minimal to extensive. There are disparities between parents' perceived knowledge and performance during search and appraisal, emphasising the need for education to improve parents' eHealth literacy.
Melatonin promotes human oocyte maturation and early embryo development by enhancing clathrin‐mediated endocytosis
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Hui , Wu Keliang , Liu Hongbin , Huang Tao , Chen Zi‐Jiang , Zhao Shigang , Ma Jinlong , Zhao Han 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmbryo development potential and reproductive clinical outcomes are all deeply rooted in oocyte maturation. Melatonin has been reported to promote oocyte maturation as an antioxidant in nonprimate species. Its antioxidative functions also help reduce plasma membrane rigidity, which facilitates clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME). Whether melatonin has effects on human oocyte maturation by regulating CME is worthy of exploration. In this study, we found that the optimal melatonin concentration for human oocyte maturation was 10−11 M, and the maturation rate of this group was 71.9% (P = .03). The metaphase II (MII) stage oocytes obtained by in vitro maturation with 10−11 M melatonin had a significantly higher fertilization rate (81.4% vs 61.4%, respectively, P = .017) and blastocyst rate (32.2% vs 15.8%, respectively, P = .039) compared to controls. During maturation, antioxidative melatonin greatly enhanced CME and decreased intra‐oocyte cAMP level. The former was evidenced by the increasing numbers of coated pits and vesicles, and the upregulated expression of two major CME markers—clathrin and adaptor protein‐2 (AP2). CME inhibitor dynasore increased intra‐oocyte cAMP level and blocked oocyte maturation, and melatonin could partly rescue oocyte maturation and significantly elevate the expression of clathrin and AP2 in the presence of dynasore. Therefore, we conclude that melatonin could promote human oocyte maturation and early embryo development through enhancing CME.
Variability and Consistency in First and Second Language Processing: A Masked Morphological Priming Study on Prefixation and Suffixation
Authors: Ciaccio Laura Anna , Clahsen Harald 
Published: July 2019

Word forms such as walked or walker are decomposed into their morphological constituents (walk + –ed/–er) during language comprehension. Yet, the efficiency of morphological decomposition seems to vary for different languages and morphological types, as well as for first and second language speakers. The current study reports results from a visual masked priming experiment focusing on different types of derived word forms (specifically prefixed vs. suffixed) in first and second language speakers of German. We compared the present findings with results from previous studies on inflection and compounding and proposed an account of morphological decomposition that captures both the variability and the consistency of morphological decomposition for different morphological types and for first and second language speakers.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. Study materials are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/vja85. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
The influence of cryoballoon manipulation on luminal esophageal temperature during ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Chen Hongwu , Liu Qiang , Shehata Michael , Ma Wei , Xu Jing , Cao Jianing , Cingolani Eugenio , Ehdaie Ashkan , Jiang Chenyang , Chen Minglong , Chugh Sumeet S. , Wang Xunzhang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal injury is related to a reduction in luminal esophageal temperature (LET) in second‐generation cryoballoon (CB) ablation; however, methods to prevent these reductions in temperature have not been well characterized.MethodsEsophageal temperature was continuously monitored using a LET probe in patients undergoing pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using the second‐generation CB. A rotational maneuver of the CB was performed if the initial ablation resulted in a decrease of more than 4℃ in LET. The refrigerant injector near the distal CB pole was used as a fluoroscopic marker to measure the nearest distance between the CB and the LET probe.ResultsA total of 52 consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. The rotation was applied in 19 patients and 20 PVs (seven left superior pulmonary veins [LSPVs], seven left inferior PVs [LIPVs], and six right inferior PVs [RIPVs]) with a reduction in LET of more than 4℃ during freezing. The nadir temperature of CB applications was similar before and after CB rotation in all PVs. There was significant difference in the minimum LET before and after rotation during freezing in LSPVs (28.4 ± 3.7 vs 32.4 ± 2.3℃, P = .02), LIPVs (28.4 ± 1.4 vs 32.6 ± 2.7, P = .01) and RIPVs (26.1 ± 4.3 vs 34.0 ± 1.3℃, P = .002). The differences in mean balloon to LET distance were measured for all veins before and after rotation; LSPV (right anterior oblique [RAO], 11.0 ± 1.7 vs 13.8 ± 4.5 mm, P = .05); LIPV (RAO, 10.7 ± 4.3 vs 14.6 ± 6.1 mm, P = .03); RIPV (LAO, 11.8 ± 5.5 vs 14.2 ± 5.7 mm, P = .01).ConclusionsCB rotational maneuvers during ablation can prevent significant reduction in LET and may prevent esophageal injury during the procedure.
Thomas J. Dougherty: An Appreciation
Authors: Kessel David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWithout the efforts of Tom Dougherty, it is unlikely that photodynamic therapy would have been more than a minor biomedical curiosity. His contributions to the field not only involved demonstrating the clinical relevance of the procedure but organizing that eventually led to FDA approval. This report summarizes his contributions to the field and illustrates the scope of discoveries that became feasible after his work brought PDT to the attention of others and to assorted funding agencies.
Composition of airway bacterial community correlates with chest HRCT in adults with bronchiectasis
Authors: O'Neill Katherine , Einarsson Gisli G. , Rowan Stephen , McIlreavey Leanne , Lee Andrew J. , Lawson John , Lynch Tom , Horsley Alex , Bradley Judy M. , Elborn J. Stuart , Tunney Michael M. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveIn bronchiectasis (BE) not caused by cystic fibrosis, chronic, polymicrobial airway infection contributes to the underlying pathogenesis of disease. There is little information on whether bacterial community composition relates to clinical status. We determined the relationship between bacterial community composition, chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scores and clinical markers in BE.MethodsA subgroup of BE patients from a previous cross‐sectional study were analysed. Spontaneously expectorated sputum was analysed using culture‐independent sequencing on the Roche 454‐FLX platform covering the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA marker gene. Chest HRCT scans, multiple breath washout, spirometry and blood inflammatory markers were collected. Spearman's rank (r) correlation coefficient was used to assess relationships.ResultsData from 21 patients were analysed (mean (SD) age: 64.0 (7.7); female : male 14:7; mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1): 76.5 (17.2)). All bacterial community composition metrics (bacterial richness, diversity, evenness and dominance) correlated with percentage BE score, with more severe HRCT abnormality relating to lower bacterial richness, evenness and diversity (range r = −0.47 to −0.66;P < 0.05). Inflammation (C‐reactive protein and white cell count) was greater in patients with lower diversity and richness (range r = −0.44 to −0.47;P < 0.05). Bacterial community characteristics did not correlate with lung function.ConclusionThis is the first study to indicate a relationship between bacterial community characteristics by 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing, structural damage as determined by chest HRCT and clinical measures in BE. The association between loss of diversity and chest HRCT severity suggests that bacterial dominance with pathogenic bacteria may contribute to disease pathology.
Supernumerary teeth in a patient with Turner syndrome: An unusual finding
Authors: Andrade Natália Silva , Tenório Jefferson R. , Gallottini Marina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTurner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder associated with abnormalities of the X‐chromosome, occurring in about 1 in 2000 to 1 in 3000 live‐born girls. We present a case of a 14‐year‐old girl with TS, who was referred to our outpatient clinic in 2016 because of an ectopic eruption.Methods and resultsDental clinical examination and radiographic investigation revealed eight supernumerary teeth, short roots, enamel hypoplasia, increased overjet, rotation and displacement of teeth, moderate gingivitis and morphological alteration of the upper right central incisor. Dental treatment included extraction of erupted supernumerary teeth, composite resin restoration, supragingival scaling and oral hygiene for plaque control.ConclusionsThe unpublished finding of supernumerary teeth in our patient has led us to suggest the investigation of this dental developmental anomaly in other patients with Turner syndrome.
Self‐esteem as a monitor of fundamental psychological need satisfaction
Authors: Howell Jennifer L. , Sosa Nicholas , Osborn Hannah J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractResearchers have long theorized about the function of self‐esteem. Theories such as sociometer, terror management, and self‐determination have each received substantial empirical support, but all purport a different function of self‐esteem. Despite each theory's persuasiveness, they are sometimes at odds, and there remains no clear consensus regarding the function of self‐esteem. In the present paper, we propose the notion that self‐esteem monitors the meeting of multiple fundamental psychological needs, a theory we call the Need‐Satisfaction Framework of self‐esteem. We outline existing empirical support for our theory in the context of three well‐documented fundamental needs: belonging, self‐determination (i.e.,autonomy and competence), and meaning. Across all three needs, we review converging evidence supporting two hypotheses for self‐esteem's need‐monitoring function: (1) threats to needs lower self‐esteem and (2) high self‐esteem buffers defensive responses to need threats. We expand on established theoretical and empirical work in the domain of self‐esteem and also discuss testable future hypotheses.