bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Lesbian, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Women: Findings From the Nurses’ Health Study II
Authors: Corliss Heather L. , VanKim Nicole A. , Jun Hee-Jin , Austin S. Bryn , Hong Biling , Wang Molin , Hu Frank B. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE
Lesbian and bisexual (LB) women are more likely than heterosexual women to exhibit risk factors for type 2 diabetes, but studies estimating the burden of type 2 diabetes among LB women are uncommon and limited to cross-sectional designs. This study investigated incidence of type 2 diabetes in LB women and heterosexual women in a large, longitudinal U.S. cohort.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Women participating in the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II) ages 24–44 years in 1989 were prospectively followed through 2013. Self-reported clinician diagnosis of type 2 diabetes was assessed every other year to identify incidence. Of the participants, 1,267 identified as lesbian or bisexual and 92,983 identified as heterosexual. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model incidence of type 2 diabetes.

RESULTS
LB women had a 27% higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than heterosexual women (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.27, 95% CI 1.05, 1.54). Differences between LB women and heterosexual women in risk of type 2 diabetes were greater during younger ages (sexual orientation–by-age interaction, P &lt; 0.001). BMI mediated the relationship between sexual orientation and type 2 diabetes; the IRR was completely attenuated when BMI was added to the model (IRR 0.85, 95% CI 0.70, 1.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate that LB women develop type 2 diabetes at younger ages than heterosexual women. Higher BMI in LB women is an important contributor to this disparity. Public health and clinical efforts to prevent, detect, and manage obesity and type 2 diabetes among LB women are warranted.
Custodian Legal Culture - Enabling Multi-Stakeholder Research Collaborations Between Academia and Government in the UK
Authors: Aidinlis Stergios 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundEmpirical studies suggest that some public bodies in England are very reluctant to grant access to administrative data for various purposes. This poster presents the conclusions drawn in my so-far research on the driving forces of administrative discretion in respect of data sharing for social research in the public interest in England.
ObjectivesThis poster aims to work towards answering a fundamental question for methodological models for engagement and research co-production between academia and government. This question is: what are the driving forces behind the exercise of data custodian discretion when it comes to deciding whether they will disclose it or not for research purposes?
Methods (including data)First, this poster presents the findings of a qualitative case-study involving semi-structured interviews with individuals working for three different public bodies in England, two data providers and a body facilitating administrative data sharing for research. Second, it integrates a pilot survey which will aim to elicit the perspectives of ADR conference attendees, both admin data researchers and other stakeholders, on the crucial questions that revolve around the disclosure of data for research by different providers across the UK.
FindingsI propose a distinction between structural (e.g. the law/ infrastructural decision-making models) and cultural (e.g. perceptions of data ownership / trust-distrust in data sharing collaborators) influences, claiming that the latter are more salient in steering custodian discretion to share administrative data for research in practice than the former. I identify five main candidate cultural drivers and elaborate on them.
ConclusionsWithout a sound socio-legal understanding of the driving forces of discretionary legal powers to share data on behalf of the providers, building bridges between them and the academic community in the interest of promoting social research in the public interest will remain a resilient challenge.
The Provision of Careers Guidance in Welsh Schools
Authors: Davies Rhys , Yunus Suhaer 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesCareers guidance for young people is regarded as important for supporting positive labour market outcomes. In particular, by helping young people to develop their career management competencies and their roles as learners and workers, careers guidance can help reduce the number of young people who fall outside of the education, training or employment system and from becoming ‘NEETS’. While the practice of career guidance implicitly reflects a commitment to social equality, there are concerns that the provision of career services may not be taken up by those with the greatest need. Previous research suggests that higher achieving pupils are more likely to receive careers guidance interventions (Anderson et al. 2004), while learners from under-privileged and ethnic minority backgrounds may have relatively limited access to educational, vocational and employment information (Liu and Middleton; 1995; Brown et al. 1991; Watson and Stead, 1990). This paper examines these issues in the context of the provision of careers advice to school pupils in Wales.
MethodsData from the Welsh National Pupil Database is combined with client information held by Careers Wales to examine the incidence and nature of careers guidance received by children and how their characteristics effect the likelihood of receivingcareers-related services. Logistic regression is used to identify factors associated with the likelihood of receiving careers advice within schools.
FindingsThe findings reveal that students receive more careers information, advice and guidance when they are in Year 10. Generally, careers interventions within schools are more likely to be accessed by those students with the greatest need.
ConclusionsSteps take to enhance educational and career opportunities of pupils in Welsh schools are effective, as students who have the most need for such interventions are receiving the services.
A linked administrative data study examining the association between patterns of self-reported functional impairment and mortality in the ageing (65+) population in Northern Ireland.
Authors: De Cock Paul , Ferry Finola , Rosato Michael , Curran Emma , Leavey Gerard 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe 2011 Northern Ireland Census asked whether individuals considered themselves to have a ‘limiting long-term health problem or disability’. This question was followed by 11 questions as to the nature of the long-term (12+ months) functional impairment(s) people are experiencing (problems with: hearing, sight, communication, mobility, learning difficulties, mental health, pain, breathing, memory, chronic conditions or other conditions).
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess in what way selfreported functional impairment and disability predicts all-cause mortality in older people (age 65+) while taking into account socio-economic and demographic variables.
MethodThe sample includes all individuals in Northern Ireland above age 65 at the time of the Census (2011). Data from the Census was linked to mortality data from Northern Ireland for 33 months after the time of the Census. To assess patterns of selfreported functional impairment, latent class analysis was used to derive groups of individuals who reported similar patterns on the 11-item list of functional impairments. These patterns were used to predict subsequent mortality, while controlling for demographic and socio-economic background factors.
FindingsPreliminary results indicate the presence of four classes of self-reported functional impairment which can be described as: 1) Low impairment, 2) Pain/Mobility problems, 3) Cognitive/ Mental impairments, 4) Sensory and mobility problems. Initial analyses indicate that these classes were associated with large differences in subsequent mortality.
ConclusionsDisability and functional impairment questionnaires can be effective tools to describe observed differences in mortality.
Social and spatial mobility and self-reported heath in older-age: linkage of the Scottish Longitudinal Study to the Scottish Mental Survey 1947
Authors: Forrest Lynne , Dibben Chris , Feng Zhiqiang , Deary Ian , Popham Frank 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThere is debate within the literature as to whether social mobility inflates or constrains health inequalities. The role of geographical mobility is unknown.
ObjectivesWe were interested in exploring how spatial and social mobility might impact on health in older age using linked administrative and cohort data.
MethodsThe Scottish Mental Survey 1947 (a 1936 birth cohort of 70,805 individuals with age 11 cognitive ability test scores) was linked to the Scottish Longitudinal Study (a semi-random sample of 5.3% of the Scottish population), and the 1939 register to obtain measures of occupation and geographical location in 1939 and 1991. We examined the movement between three geographical areas (Edinburgh, Glasgow, Other) in Scotland. Four social mobility trajectories were derived. We modelled the relationship between social and geographic mobility and likelihood of having self-reported limiting long term illness (LLTI) at age 65.
FindingsThose who were geographically mobile to Edinburgh had the lowest rates of self-reported LLTI and those who remained resident in the Glasgow area had the highest rates. The lowest and highest rates of LLTI were found in the socially-static at the top and bottom of the social scale respectively, with intermediate rates seen in the upwardly and downwardly mobile. However neither social nor spatial mobility were significantly associated with health in later life in the fully adjusted model when highest educational qualifications and cognitive ability were included. Being female, having higher education qualifications and being in a higher social class in childhood and adulthood reduced the likelihood of poor health at age 65.
ConclusionsAlthough both social class and geographical location were associated with the likelihood of LLTI in later life, social and spatial mobility were not, when factors such as education and cognitive ability were controlled for.
Lifetime Interpersonal Polyvictimization: Abuse Typologies and Mental Health Outcomes in a Nationally Representative Sample of Men from the United States
Authors: Burns Carol Rhonda , Armour Cherie 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundInterpersonal polyvictimisation experiences are a specific type of traumatic experience that include physical, sexual or psychological attacks against a person and much research has concentrated on female only or mixed samples. Being a victim of one form of victimisation experience increases the risk of further victimisation experience resulting in polyvictimisation, and elevates the likelihood on negative mental health outcomes.
ObjectivesThe current study seeks to establish interpersonal polyvictimisation typologies within a male sub-population of a large epidemiologic sample and establish associated risk of psychopathology across a range of mental health outcomes.
MethodsUsing data from 15,794 adult males, aged over 18 years who completed the NESARC III, a Latent Class Analysis (LCA) of the endorsement of interpersonal victimisation experiences was conducted to establish latent profiles of interpersonal polyvictimisation. Subsequently regression analysis was conducted to establish risk of psychopathology across a series of DSM 5 diagnosed mental health conditions.
FindingsA three-class solution was deemed optimal in line with published fit statistics. Class 3 was categorised by low/no endorsement and was labelled ‘normative’, Class 2 was categorised by high endorsement of childhood indicators and was labelled ‘childhood’, class 1 showed a moderate endorsement across life-course victimisation indicators and was labelled ‘lifecourse’. Interpersonal polyvictimisation profiles showed increased risk of negative mental health outcomes in adulthood suggesting that distinct typologies of interpersonal polyvictimisation exist within the adult male only population.
ConclusionsExperiences of interpersonal polyvictimisation are robustly associated with adult psychopathology in males including elevated rates of the likelihood of PTSD, Anxiety and Depression in a dose response fashion. Interventions and support services should therefore be developed and implemented that are targeted to gender specific distinctiveness.
The Impact of Migration on Polish Nurses – Pilot Study
Authors: Majda Anna , Zalewska-Puchała Joanna , Cholewa Kinga , Bodys-Cupak Iwona , Kamińska Alicja 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Introduction. Migration of professional nurses is a global phenomenon. Polish nurses usually migrate to the relatively richer countries, especially in Europe, thanks to the opening of the borders of the European Union (2004) and legal regulations in the field of education of nurses (Directive 2005/36/EC). Aim. The analysis of symptoms and determinants of acculturative stress and acculturative strategies among Polish migrant nurses working in the UK. Material and methods. The study used a proprietary questionnaire and standardized tool the East Asian Acculturation Measure - Scale of Acculturative Strategy. The research was carried out through Internet among 62 people. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn test, coefficient Spearman. Results. The main reason for the migration of respondents to the UK was the desire to improve financial situation and professional development. Responders found job as a nurse, including a charge nurse and managers in hospitals and nursing homes. Acculturative stress manifested most often in social functioning, then in the emotional, cognitive and physical aspects. It was characterized by a sense of lack of interest from British people, sadness, feelings of loneliness, lower self-confidence and shyness. It was determined significantly by the age of the respondents, the length of stay in the UK, knowledge of English and maintaining social contacts with the British. The most commonly used acculturation strategy was integration, conditioned by the length of stay in the UK and symptoms of acculturative stress. Conclusions. Working in a foreign country is associated with acculturative stress, implementation of acculturation adaptive and non-adaptive strategies.
EVALUACIÓN DEL NIVEL DE INGLÉS DE LOS ESTUDIANTES EGRESADOS DEL TERCER AÑO DE BACHILLERATO DE LOS COLEGIOS FISCALES DE LA PROVINCIA DE SANTA ELENA
Authors: González Reyes Sara , Caamaño López Sandra , Cevallos Alcívar Jeannette , Almeida Briones Xavier 
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo explora las condiciones y el nivel de conocimientos del idioma inglés de los estudiantes egresados del tercer año de bachillerato de los colegios públicos de la provincia de Santa Elena; el campo de interés está centrado en el conocimiento de esta lengua y el manejo de la habilidades de lectura (reading) y habilidad auditiva (listening), así como el uso de la gramática, las metodologías ,estrategias, y recursos didácticos aplicados por los docentes en el proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje. Se aplicaron métodos como el exploratorio, descriptivo y cuantitativo; así como técnicas de investigación específicas y de campo para la recopilación de la información que permitió conocer las falencias de los estudiantes con el idioma inglés. En la identificación de las causales, la investigación demostró que los estudiantes presentaban un menor nivel de conocimientos y práctica en la habilidad auditiva (listening), un menor porcentaje exteriorizó un desinterés en aprender el idioma de la misma manera se identificó que los docentes poseen poco conocimiento y preparación en el dominio de inglés y de los recursos didácticos tecnológicos. Los resultados permitieron establecer recomendaciones y buscar alternativas para corregir las falencias y nivelar los conocimientos de los estudiantes.
Palabras clave: Evaluación, proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, nivel de conocimientos de inglés, habilidades
ABSTRACT

This article explores the conditions and level of knowledge of the English students of the third year bachillerato at Public schools from the province of Santa Elena, the area of interest is focused on the knowledge of this language and the management of the Reading and Listening skills, as well as the use of grammar, methodologies, strategies and didactic resources applied by teachers in the teaching-learning process. Specific research methods and techniques such as the descriptive, quantitative and field were applied in order to collect the information that allowed to determine the difficulties of the students with the English language. In the identification of the causes, it was verified that the students have presented a deeper difficulty with the listening skill, and a lower percentage exteriorized a lack of interest in learning the language. On the other hand, it was also identified that teachers have poor knowledge about how to use technological and didactic resources, as well as not enough knowledge and preparation in the mastery of English. The results allowed to establish recommendations and look for alternatives to correct the failures and level the knowledge of the students.
Estrés académico y valores de cortisol en estudiantes de medicina.
Authors: Conchado Martínez Julio , Alvarez Ochoa Robert , Cordero Cordero Gabriela , Gutiérrez Ortega Fausto , Terán Palacios Francisco 
Published: June 2018

El estrés constituye uno de los problemas de salud más generalizado actualmente. Con el objetivo de determinar la influencia del estrés académico (EA) sobre los niveles de cortisol, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó 113 estudiantes (49 hombres y 64 mujeres) del primer ciclo de medicina de la Sede Azogues de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, a los cuales se aplicó el inventario SISCO al concluir el último examen final, procediendo posteriormente a extraer muestra de sangre para la determinación de los valores de cortisol. Los principales resultados muestran que el total de estudiantes tuvieron niveles medio (13.3% hombres, 15.9% mujeres) y alto (30.1% hombres, 40.7% mujeres) de EA. El nivel de EA alto se presentó en un porcentaje significativamente superior de estudiantes y en mujeres. Los valores de cortisol fueron significativamente más elevados en los hombres que en las mujeres en el nivel de EA medio y similares en el alto. En ambos géneros y en general los estudiantes con niveles de EA alto presentaron valores de cortisol significativamente más elevados. Concluyendo, la totalidad de los estudiantes manifiestan niveles medios y altos de EA, constituyendo el cortisol una hormona cuyo incremento desempeña mediación química clave en la respuesta al mismo.
ABSTRACT
Stress is one of the most widespread health problems today. The main objective of this research was to determine the relation between levels of academic stress (AE) perceived and the concentrations of cortisol in blood, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out that included 113 students (49 men and 64 women) from the first cycle of medicine at the Catholic University of Cuenca (UCACUE)-Ext. Azogues, to which the SISCO inventory was applied at the conclusion of the last final examination, proceeding subsequently to extract a blood sample for the determination of cortisol values. The main results show that the total of students had average levels (13.3% men, 15.9% women) and high (30.1% men, 40.7% women) of academic stress. The high level of academic stress was presented in a significantly high percentage of students and in female gender. Cortisol values were significantly higher in men than in women at the level of average academic stress and similar in the high level. In both genders and in general, students with high academic stress levels had significantly higher cortisol values. In conclusion, all the students manifest medium and high levels of academic stress, being cortisol a hormone whose increase plays a key chemical mediation in response to stress.
Book Review: This is me! Becoming who you are using Transactional Analysis by Lieuwe Koopmans
Authors: McQuaid Cathy 
Published: June 2018

Lieuwe Koopmans (2017) This is me! Becoming who you are using Transactional Analysis Hertford: Sherwood Publishing - 118 pages pbk/ebookReviewed by Cathy McQuaid Citation - APA format:McQuaid, C. (2018). Psychological Boundaries and Psychological Bridges: A Categorisation and the Application of Transactional Analysis Concepts. International Journal of Transactional Analysis Research & Practice, 9(1), 82-84. https://doi.org/10.29044/v9i1p82
Surface morphology and phase stability of titanium irradiated with 168 MeV 136Xe ions
Authors: Kaminski Mariusz , Budzynski Piotr , Surowiec Zbigniew , Wiertel Marek , Skuratov Vladimir A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA titanium sample was irradiated with Xe 168 MeV energy at fluences of 1 × 1014, 2.2 × 1014, and 5 × 1014 ions · m−2. Changes induced by the ions with irradiation were analysed with an atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. The irradiation at a fluence of 1 × 1014 ions · cm−2 leads to formation of hillocks with a density of 9 × 106 hillocks · cm−2. An increase in the fluence value results in disappearance of the hillocks and formation of void–dislocation lines. The changes in the surface topography are accompanied by a change in the relative content of the hcp (α) and fcc phases. The substantial changes in the crystalline structure (increased content of the fcc phase, reduction of lattice constants, changes in stresses) resulted from irradiation at a fluence of 1 × 1014 ions · cm−2. Irradiation of massive titanium samples with xenon ions at a fluence of 168 MeV 1 × 1014 ions · cm−2 at room temperature leads to a transition of ∼10% of the hexagonally closed-packed phase – hcp (α) into a face centred cubic structure (the fcc phase). Higher Xe ion fluences contribute to further reduction of lattice constants and crystallite sizes as well as reduction of the phase fcc content and lower values of stresses. It has been found for the first time that irradiation at higher fluences leads to partial recovery of the hcp (α) phase. Irradiation changes the texture of∼50% of the fcc phase crystallites.
Phase relationship of the Ag–Zr–Cr system at 1000 and 750°C
Authors: Shi Chenying , Pan Yafei , Yang Biaobiao , Liu Yuling , Liu Shuhong , Du Yong , Liang Jianlie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe isothermal sections of the Ag–Cr–Zr ternary system at 1000 and 750°C were experimentally established. A series of phases as well as their compositions and crystal structures were characterized on the annealed alloys by means of optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our studies have detected four three-phase regions at both 1000 and 750°C. (Ag) was observed to exist in the solid state at 750°C, and in the liquid state at 1000°C. No ternary compound was found in this system. The maximal solubilities of Cr in (Ag), Ag in ZrCr2, and Cr in AgZr2 at 1000°C are 4.12, 2.13, 0.91 at.%, respectively. At 750°C, the solid solubilities of Cr in AgZr, AgZr2, and that of Ag in αZrCr2 are determined to be about 1 at.%.
АНАЛИЗ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ КОТЕЛЬНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ С КОМБИНИРОВАННОЙ ТЕПЛОУТИЛИЗАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМОЙ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ РЕЖИМАХ РАБОТЫ КОТЛА
Authors: Fialko N. , Stepanovа А. , Navrodskaya R. , Novakovskiy M. 
Published: June 2018

Представлены результаты анализа работы котельной установки с комбинированной теплоутилизационной системой на основе разработанного метода, использующего эксергетический подход и методы теории линейных систем.