bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can antipsychotic dose reduction lead to better functional recovery in first‐episode psychosis? A randomized controlled‐trial of antipsychotic dose reduction. The reduce trial: Study protocol
Authors: Weller Amber , Gleeson John , Alvarez‐Jimenez Mario , McGorry Patrick , Nelson Barnaby , Allott Kelly , Bendall Sarah , Bartholomeusz Cali , Koval Peter , Harrigan Susy , O'Donoghue Brian , Fornito Alex , Pantelis Christos , Paul Amminger G. , Ratheesh Aswin , Polari Andrea , Wood Stephen J. , van der El Kristi , Ellinghaus Carli , Gates Jesse , O'Connell Jessica , Mueller Marianne , Wunderink Lex , Killackey Eóin 
Published: November 2018

Antipsychotic medication has been the mainstay of treatment for psychotic illnesses for over 60 years. This has been associated with improvements in positive psychotic symptoms and a reduction in relapse rates. However, there has been little improvement in functional outcomes for people with psychosis. At the same time there is increasing evidence that medications contribute to life shortening metabolic and cardiovascular illnesses. There is also uncertainty as to the role played by antipsychotic medication in brain volume changes.AimThe primary aim of the study is, in a population of young people with first‐episode psychosis, to compare functional outcomes between an antipsychotic dose reduction strategy with evidence‐based intensive recovery treatment (EBIRT) group (DRS+) and an antipsychotic maintenance treatment with EBIRT group (AMTx+) at 24‐months follow‐up.MethodsOur single‐blind randomized controlled trial, within a specialist early psychosis treatment setting, will test the whether the DRS+ group leads to better vocational and social recovery than, the AMTx+ group over a 2‐year period in 180 remitted first‐episode psychosis patients. Additionally, we will examine the effect of DRS+ vs AMTx+ on physical health, brain volume and cognitive functioning. This study will also determine whether the group receiving DRS+ will be no worse off in terms of psychotic relapses over 2 years follow‐up.ResultsThis paper presents the protocol, rationale and hypotheses for this study which commenced recruitment in July 2017.ConclusionThis study will provide evidence as to whether an antipsychotic dose‐reduction recovery treatment leads to improved functioning and safer outcomes in first‐episode psychosis patients. In addition, it will be the first‐controlled experiment of the effect of exposure to antipsychotic maintenance treatment on brain volume changes in this population.
Autonomic dysfunction in hereditary spastic paraplegia type 4
Authors: González‐Salazar C. , Takazaki K. A. G. , Martinez A. R. M. , Pimentel‐Silva L. R. , Jacinto‐Scudeiro L. A. , Nakagawa É. Y. , Fujiwara Murakami C. E. , Saute J. A. M. , Pedroso J. L. , Barsottini O. G. P. , Teive H. A. G. , França Jr M. C. 
Published: November 2018

Background and purposeSPAST mutations are the most common cause of hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG4‐HSP), which is characterized by progressive lower limb weakness, spasticity and hyperreflexia. There are few studies about non‐motor manifestations in this disease and none about autonomic involvement. Therefore, the aim was to determine the frequency and pattern of autonomic complaints in patients with SPG4‐HSP, as well as to determine the clinical relevance and the possible factors associated with these manifestations.MethodsThirty‐four molecularly confirmed SPG4 patients were recruited in a multicenter cross‐sectional study, of whom 26 underwent detailed neurophysiological testing (heart rate variability, sympathetic skin response and the Quantitative Sudomotor Axonal Reflex Test). The Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease – Autonomic Questionnaire (SCOPA‐AUT) was applied to quantify the severity of autonomic symptoms. Results were compared with 44 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls using non‐parametric tests. P values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsIn the SPG4‐HSP group, there were 18 men with a mean age of 47.7 ± 12.6 years. SCOPA‐AUT scores were similar between patients and controls (P = 0.238). Only the urinary domain subscore was significantly higher amongst patients (4 vs. 2.5, P = 0.05). Absent sympathetic skin response in the hands and feet was more frequent amongst patients (20% vs. 0%, P < 0.001, and 64% vs. 0%, P = 0.006, respectively). Quantitative Sudomotor Axonal Reflex Test responses were also smaller throughout all recording regions in the SPG4‐HSP group.ConclusionOur results indicate that SPG4‐HSP patients have sudomotor dysfunction caused by damaged small post‐ganglionic cholinergic fibers. Damage in SPG4‐HSP extends to the peripheral nervous system.
Delayed plumage maturation in green‐backed flycatchers (Ficedula elisae): An evidence of female mimicry
Authors: Chen Gong , Xia Canwei , Dong Lu , Lyu Nan , Zhang Yanyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDelayed plumage maturation (DPM) is the delayed acquisition of an adult color and pattern of plumage until after the first potential breeding period. Among the hypotheses proposed to explain DPM, the female mimicry hypothesis (FMH) has received considerable attention. FMH predicts that after‐second‐calendar‐year (ASY) males should attack ASY males more than second‐calendar‐year (SY) males and females, while no difference between the two latter. Few studies have been thought as support for FMH, while in fact most of them give no conclusive evidence to the assumption of FMH that ASY males are unable to distinguish SY males from females. Thus, other support besides behavioral experiments, such as it is physiologically impossible to discriminate SY males and females from avian perspective, is important in testing FMH. We studied color differences in six plumage patches between ASY male, SY male and female by analyzing reflectance spectra in the avian visual system, and tested the prediction of FMH by conducting intrusion experiments on territorial males with three kinds of conspecifics (i.e., ASY males, SY males and females) as territory “intruders” in the green‐backed flycatcher (Ficedula elisae). It is physiologically impossible for ASY males to distinguish SY males and females through the plumage color of crown, mantle, rump, and throat patches, moreover difficult to distinguish through breast and belly patches even under reasonable viewing conditions. ASY males were more aggressive toward ASY males than SY males and females with no differences between the two latter. SY males showed a slightly but not significantly higher attack intensity on ASY males than SY males and females. Our results suggest that female mimicry is more likely to be the explanation for DPM in the green‐backed flycatcher. To our knowledge, this is the first study combining avian visual system and behavioral experiments in testing hypotheses of DPM.
A hybrid solution approach for fuzzy multiobjective dual supplier and material selection problem of carton box production systems
Authors: Niroomand Sadegh , Mahmoodirad Ali , Mosallaeipour Sam 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel optimization problem of carton box manufacturing industries is introduced in this paper. A mixed integer linear formulation with multiple objective functions is developed in order to determine the value of some criteria of carton raw sheets such as size, amount, and supplier under simultaneous minimization of multiple goals such as purchasing cost of raw sheets under discount policy, wastage remained from raw sheets, and quantity of surplus of carton boxes. In order to cope with the unstable market of this sector, some parameters of the proposed formulation such as demand value of the products and price given for raw sheets are assumed to be fuzzy numbers. To tackle such fuzzy multiobjective problem, first, the fuzzy problem is converted to a crisp form using the concepts of necessity‐based chance‐constrained modelling approach. Then a new hybrid form of the fuzzy programming approach is proposed to solve the obtained crisp multiobjective problem effectively. Computational experiments on a real case given by a carton box factory show the superior result of the proposed solution approach compared with the well‐known multiobjective solution methods taken from the literature.
The presence of osteocalcin, osteopontin and reactive oxygen species‐positive cells in pulp tissue after dental bleaching
Authors: Benetti F. , Briso A. L. F. , Carminatti M. , de Araújo Lopes J. M. , Barbosa J. G. , Ervolino E. , Gomes‐Filho J. E. , Cintra L. T. A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo analyse the influence of H2O2 on pulp repair through osteocalcin and osteopontin immunolabelling and in cellular defence by using the antireactive oxygen species (ROS) antibody.MethodologyThe maxillary molars of 50 rats were treated with 35% H2O2 (Ble groups) or placebo gel (control groups). At 0 h and 2, 7, 15 and 30 days (n = 10 hemimaxillae), the rats were killed and pulp tissue was evaluated using inflammation and immunolabelling scores (osteocalcin/osteopontin); ROS‐positive cells were counted. Paired t‐test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used (P < 0.05).ResultsThe Ble group had necrosis in the coronal pulp at 0 h and in the occlusal third of the coronal pulp at 2 days; at 7, 15 and 30 days, no inflammation was noted similar to the controls (P > 0.05). Osteocalcin was absent in the Ble at 0 h, moderate at 2 days and increased thereafter, differing from the controls at all two periods (P < 0.05). Osteopontin was higher principally at 7 and 15 days in Ble groups, but differing with control groups from 2 days after bleaching (P < 0.05). The Ble group had more ROS‐positive cells in the pulp at 7 and 15 days (P < 0.05). Tertiary dentine was observed at 7 days, increasing thereafter (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPost‐bleaching pulp repair was associated with increased osteocalcin over time. Osteopontin also participated in this process, and anti‐ROS was involved in cellular defence against H2O2.
Efficiency assessment using a multidirectional DDF approach
Authors: Lozano Sebastián , Soltani Narges 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes a new efficiency measure that aims at capturing the overall distance to the efficient frontier and not the distance corresponding to a specific projection, as most oriented and non‐oriented methods compute. The proposed approach uses a grid‐based method to sample all possible improvement directions from a given operating point and for each direction it computes a directional efficiency score solving a directional distance function model. This provides information about the distribution of the distance to the efficient frontier. Therefore, the proposed multidirectional efficiency measure does not provide a single efficiency score but a distribution of efficiency scores. The minimum, the median, the Q1 and Q3 quartiles and the maximum can be singled out as representatives of that distribution. The latter corresponds to the closest among the computed efficient targets. In addition to the efficiency score distribution, the associated efficient targets are also provided. The proposed approach can take into account integer and nondiscretionary variables and a preference structure. An application of the method to assess the efficiency of material recovery facilities is presented.
The Social Market Economy and Restriction of Free Movement Rights: plus c'est la même chose?
Authors: Nic Shuibhne Niamh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCase law restricting free movement rights is criticized for privileging the internal market over social rights, achieved through reductive ‘binary’ reasoning that focuses too narrowly on the ‘free movement versus social rights’ dimension of the conflict. The problem is typically discussed for the economic freedoms but is evident elsewhere in free movement law too. This point is demonstrated through the example of EU citizenship and social assistance, which establishes that protecting national public finances justifies free movement restrictions when citizens are not seen as market participants. For better integration of economic, social and constitutional objectives, judicial assessments have progressed in some respects beyond the binary conflict method, evidencing the beginnings of the more complex accommodation of multiple dimensions that a system of multilevel constitutionalism requires. However, these advances have not yet produced significantly different outcomes in practice. The legacy of binary conflict reasoning proves stubbornly resilient to change.
Application of cognitive screening guidelines by health care providers in diabetes care: A cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Cuevas Heather , Ward Catherine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe risk of cognitive dysfunction is higher in people with diabetes than in the general population, and approximately 50% of those with diabetes will develop cognitive impairments as they age. Screening for cognitive dysfunction in people with diabetes can help identify both pathology and those who are at risk for higher health care utilization, but we do not know how health care providers implement cognitive screening recommendations in this population. In this study, we examined health care providers' knowledge of those recommendations and their application of them, as well as factors associated with guideline use.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational design with a convenience sample. All data were collected with a 20‐question online survey sent to advanced practice nurses (APNs), medical doctors/doctor of osteopathic medicines (MDs/DOs), and physician assistants (PAs) in Central Texas.ResultsOne‐hundred eighty‐one health care providers responded. Participants most frequently said they were “moderately familiar” with guidelines for cognitive impairment screening (60.9%). Twenty‐three per cent of physicians, 37.4% of APNs, and 8.3% of PAs indicated that they incorporated routine screening into daily practice. However, 64% did not use standardized tools to assess cognitive function. The most common clinical tasks related to cognitive screening were referral for more in‐depth cognitive screening (44%) and education of families regarding cognitive problems (29%). Lack of time was the most common barrier to screening (57.7%).ConclusionsMost respondents believed that there was a good rationale for assessing cognitive function in people with diabetes. However, despite some familiarity with guidelines for cognitive function screening, most respondents did not use standardized assessment tools. The results indicate variability in clinical practice regarding assessment and practices, such that there may be some variability in outcomes for patients.
Risk Factors for Injurious Falls in Older Adults: The Role of Sex and Length of Follow‐Up
Authors: Ek Stina , Rizzuto Debora , Fratiglioni Laura , Calderón‐Larrañaga Amaia , Johnell Kristina , Sjöberg Linnea , Xu Weili , Welmer Anna‐Karin 
Published: November 2018

OBJECTIVESTo identify sex‐specific associations between risk factors and injurious falls over the short (<4 years) and long (4–10 years) term.DESIGNLongitudinal cohort study between 2001 and 2011.SETTINGSwedish National Study on Aging and Care, Kungsholmen, Sweden.PARTICIPANTSCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 60 and older (N = 3,112).MEASUREMENTSAn injurious fall was defined as a fall that required inpatient or outpatient care. Information was collected on participant and exposure characteristics using structured interviews, clinical examinations, and physical function tests at baseline.RESULTSThe multivariate model showed that, in the short term, living alone (hazard ratio (HR)=1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13–2.96), dependency in instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (HR=2.59, 95% CI=1.73–3.87), and previous falls (HR=1.71, 95% CI=1.08–2.72) were independently associated with injurious falls in women. Low systolic blood pressure (HR=1.96, 95% CI=1.04–3.71), impaired chair stands (HR=3.00, 95% CI=1.52–5.93), and previous falls (HR=2.81, 95% CI=1.32–5.97) were associated with injurious falls in men. Long‐term risk factors were underweight (HR=2.03, 95% CI=1.40–2.95), cognitive impairment (HR=1.49, 95% CI=1.08–2.06), fall‐risk increasing drugs (HR=1.67, 95% CI=1.27–2.20 for ≥2 drugs), and IADL dependency (HR=1.58, 95% CI=1.32–5.97) for women and smoking (HR=1.71, 95% CI=1.03–2.84), heart disease (HR=2.20, 95% CI=1.5–3.24), impaired balance (HR=1.68, 95% CI=1.08–2.62), and a previous fall (HR=3.61, 95% CI=1.98–6.61) for men.CONCLUSIONMen and women have different fall risk profiles, and these differences should be considered when developing preventive strategies. Some risk factors were more strongly predictive of injurious falls over shorter than longer periods and vice versa, suggesting that it may be possible to identify older men and women at short‐ and long‐term risk of injurious falls. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:246–253, 2019.
The prevalence and general health status of people with intellectual disabilities and autism co‐occurring together: a total population study
Authors: Dunn K. , Rydzewska E. , MacIntyre C. , Rintoul J. , Cooper S.‐A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the population prevalence of co‐occurring intellectual disabilities and autism, and its impact on general health status. The study aimed to investigate this, in comparison with the general population.MethodWhole country data from Scotland's Census, 2011, were analysed. Descriptive statistics were generated; chi‐squared tests were undertaken; and logistic regressions were undertaken both with the whole general population data, adjusted for age and gender, and within the population with co‐occurring intellectual disabilities and autism.ResultsA total of 5709/5 295 403 (1.08/1000) people had co‐occurring intellectual disabilities and autism; 2.58/1000 children/young people and 0.74/1000 adults. The peak reported prevalence was at age 10 years (3.78/1000); 66.0% were male. Their general health status was substantially poorer than for the rest of the population, more so for children/young people, and they had more limitations in their day‐to‐day activities. Co‐occurring intellectual disabilities and autism had odds ratio = 48.8 (45.0–53.0) in statistically predicting poor health.ConclusionThis is the first study to report the population prevalence of coexisting intellectual disabilities and autism, and the substantial influence this double disadvantage has on general health status, apparent across the entire life course. This highlights a group in need of wider recognition for whom resources should be focused on and planned for, informed by evidence. Staff in services for people with either of these conditions need to be trained, equipped, resourced and prepared to address the challenge of working for people with this duality. This is essential, to address these substantial health inequalities.
Molecular study of two distinct phytoplasma species associated with streak yellows of date palm in Iran
Authors: Ghayeb Zamharir Maryam , Eslahi Mohammad R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA disease with symptoms similar to palm lethal yellowing was noticed in the early 2013 in Khuzestan Province (Iran) in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera). Infected trees displaying symptoms of streak yellows and varied in the incidence and severity of yellowing. A study was initiated to determine whether phytoplasma was the causal agent. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) methods using universal phytoplasma primers pairs R16mF1/mR1 and M1/M2 were employed to detect putative phytoplasma(s) associated with date palm trees. Nested PCR using universal primers revealed that 40 out of 53 trees were positive for phytoplasma while asymptomatic date palms from another location (controls) tested negative. RFLP analyses and DNA sequencing of 16S rDNA indicated that the presence of two different phytoplasmas most closely related to clover proliferation (CP) phytoplasma (group 16SrVI) and ash yellows (AY) phytoplasma (group 16SrVII). Sequence analysis confirmed that palm streak yellows phytoplasmas in each group were uniform and to be phylogenetically closest to “CandidatusP. fraxini” (MF374755) and “Ca. P. trifolii” isolate Rus‐CP361Fc1 (KX773529). Result of RFLP analysis of secA gene of positive samples using TruI and TaqI endonuclease is in agreement with rDNA analysis. On this basis, both strains were classified as members of subgroups 16SrVI‐A and 16SrVII‐A. This is the first report of a phytoplasma related to CP and AY phytoplasma causing date palm yellows disease symptoms.
Comparison of florfenicol pharmacokinetics in Exopalaemon carinicauda at different temperatures and administration routes
Authors: Feng Yanyan , Zhai Qianqian , Wang Jiajia , Li Jitao , Li Jian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFlorfenicol is a broad‐spectrum antibacterial drug. Exopalaemon carinicauda is important in the prawn aquaculture industry in China. Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in E. carinicauda were studied at different temperatures and via different routes of administration to provide a scientific basis for the rational use of drugs for E. carinicauda production. At water temperatures of 22 ± 0.4°C and 28 ± 0.3°C, after intramuscular (IM) injection and oral (per ora (PO)) administration of florfenicol at 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 30 mg/kg BW, respectively, the florfenicol concentration in the plasma, hepatopancreas, gills, muscles, and carapace of E. carinicauda was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. After IM injection at different temperatures, the metabolism of florfenicol in E. carinicauda conformed to a two‐compartment open model with zero‐order absorption. After PO administration, the metabolism of florfenicol in E. carinicauda was consistent with a two‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption. Using an identical administration route but different water temperatures, the metabolism of florfenicol in E. carinicauda was quite different. Overall, florfenicol was absorbed rapidly and distributed widely in E. carinicauda, but elimination was slow and the bioavailability was not high. A low temperature and PO administration resulted in a low elimination rate.
The Four Types of Priesthood in the New Testament: On Avoiding Confusions about What ‘Priesthood’ Means
Authors: Turner Geoffrey 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChristian discourse tends to treat the concept of ‘priesthood’ univocally, so that ordained priests are seen to share the priesthood of Christ. But a careful reading of Hebrews shows clearly that the priesthood of Christ is unique to him. There are four (even five) types of priest in the New Testament and each of them is distinct and not to be confused.
Ministry in a Post-Religious Society: Can we do it at All?
Authors: McDade John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper considers some of the issues relating to Christian ministry in a cultural world that thinks of itself as post-religious. It builds upon some ideas of Simone Weil on forms of the implicit love of God (with particular attention to beauty and music), Karl Rahner's anthropology and the Christian doctrine of the creational relationship. It discusses the way Rousseau's bifurcation of religion into personal religiosity and a public civil religion is a template that the modern world seems to favour, making it difficult for Christian religion to find a place in liberal cultures of rights and tolerance. It ends by exploring Marilynne Robinson's suggestion that ‘people live profound lives’ and suggests that the virtues of hope and love might be signs of serious living in the absence of explicit religious belief.