bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content analysis of tobacco content in UK television
Authors: Barker Alexander B , Whittamore Kathy , Britton John , Cranwell Jo 
Published: August 2018

AimsExposure to audiovisual tobacco content in media is a risk factor for smoking in young people. While tobacco content in films has been extensively documented, content in mainstream television has received relatively little attention. We report an analysis of tobacco content in a sample of UK free-to-air prime-time television broadcasts in 2015, and compare this with a similar analysis from 2010.DesignContent analysis of all programmes and advertisements or trailers broadcast on the five national UK free-to-air channels in the UK between 18:00 and 22:00 during three separate weeks in September, October and November 2015.SettingGreat Britain.ParticipantsNone (media analysis only).MeasurementsOccurrence of any tobacco, tobacco use, implied use, other tobacco reference/related objects and branding in every 1 min coding interval.FindingsTobacco content occurred in 33% of all programmes and 8% of all adverts or programme trailer breaks. Actual tobacco use occurred in 12% of all programmes broadcast. Tobacco-related objects, primarily no smoking signs, occurred in 2% of broadcasts; implied tobacco use and tobacco branding were also rare. The majority of tobacco content occurred after the 21:00 watershed.ConclusionsThese findings are virtually unchanged from our earlier analysis of programme content from 2010. Audiovisual tobacco content remains common in UK television programmes.
Older Adults’ Deployment of ‘Distrust’
Authors: Knowles Bran , Hanson Vicki L. 
Published: August 2018

Older adults frequently deploy the concept of distrust when discussing digital technologies, and it is tempting to assume that distrust is largely responsible for the reduced uptake by older adults witnessed in the latest surveys of technology use. To help understand the impact of distrust on adoption behavior, we conducted focus groups with older adults exploring how, in what circumstances, and to what effect older adults articulate distrust in digital technologies. Our findings indicate that distrust is not especially relevant to older adults’ practical decision making around technology (non-)use. The older adults in our study used the language of distrust to open up discussions around digital technologies to larger issues related to values. This suggests that looking to distrust as a predictor of non-use (e.g., in Technology Acceptance Model studies) may be uniquely unhelpful in the case of older adults, as it narrows the discussion of technology acceptance and trust to interactional issues, when their use of distrust pertains to much wider concerns. Likewise, technology adoption should not be viewed as indicative of trust or an endorsement of technology acceptability. Older adults using-while-distrusting offers important insights into how to design truly acceptable digital technologies.
Predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors for physical activity in boys and girls from socially disadvantaged communities
Authors: Noonan Robert J , Boddy Lynne M , Knowles Zoe R , Fairclough Stuart J 
Published: August 2018

Objective: This study investigated relative associations between physical activity and selected predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors among 9- to 10-year-old children from socially disadvantaged communities and examined the extent to which these associations varied by sex. Design: Cross-sectional design. Setting: Ten public primary schools in Liverpool, England. Methods: A total of 194 children (107 girls) completed measures of stature, body mass, waist circumference and cardiorespiratory fitness. Physical activity, physical activity self-efficacy, perceived physical competence and parental physical activity support were self-reported. Sex-specific associations were examined by multiple linear regression and mediator analyses using bootstrapping method. Results: Boys’ physical activity was positively associated with parental physical activity support and perceived physical competence ( p < .01), whereas girls’ physical activity was positively associated with parental physical activity support and physical activity self-efficacy ( p < .01). Sex-specific mediation analyses revealed that perceived physical competence and physical activity self-efficacy partially mediated the association between parental physical activity support and boys’ and girls’ physical activity, respectively. Conclusion: As parents influence child physical activity directly and indirectly their involvement in future child physical activity intervention programmes is essential. Formative research with parents living in socially disadvantaged communities is warranted to explore the range and interaction of challenges they face to support different modes of physical activity participation for their children.
Bleeding risk and complications associated with percutaneous ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in cats
Authors: Pavlick Michelle , Webster Cynthia RL , Penninck Dominique G 
Published: August 2018

Objectives Liver biopsy is necessary for a diagnosis of liver disease; however, post-biopsy bleeding is a concern. The aim of this study was to describe the extent of bleeding and the occurrence of complications after percutaneous ultrasound-guided liver biopsy (PUGLB) in cats. Methods The medical records of 30 cats that had a PUGLB were retrospectively reviewed. Using human guidelines, bleeding was classified as minor or major when the absolute change in packed cell volume (ΔPCV) was <0 and >−6% or ≤-6%, respectively. Complications were defined as physiologic compromise necessitating an intervention, or death. The relationship between ΔPCV and the occurrence of complications and the signalment, initial PCV, coagulation parameters, serum liver enzymes and bilirubin, number of biopsies, histological diagnosis, ultrasound findings, radiologist experience, concurrent procedures and vitamin K administration were assessed using Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, with a P value <0.05 considered significant. Results All cats had a decrease in PCV after biopsy. The mean ΔPCV was −6.9% ± 4.1%. Minor and major bleeding occurred in 13/30 (43.3%) and 17/30 (56.7%) cats, respectively, and non-lethal bleeding complications occurred in 5/30 (16.7%). Cats with complications had a lower pre-biopsy PCV ( P <0.003). Major bleeding was more likely with a diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis ( P = 0.03). There was no correlation between ΔPCV or complications and signalment, coagulation parameters, serum parameters, number of biopsies, ultrasound findings, radiologist experience, concurrent procedures and vitamin K administration. Conclusions and relevance PUGLB is a relatively safe procedure in cats, although many cats have a subclinical decrease in PCV. As conventional coagulation tests did not predict complications or the magnitude of ΔPCV, there is a need for more sensitive indicators of bleeding risk in cats undergoing PUGLB.
Choroidal neovascularization due to choroidal osteoma treated with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: An optical coherence tomography angiography study
Authors: Furino Claudio , Di Antonio Luca , Grassi Maria Oliva , Rispoli Marco , Reibaldi Michele , Niro Alfredo , Alessio Giovanni 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the response to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for choroidal neovascularization secondary to choroidal osteoma using optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods: This retrospective study included four eyes of four females with choroidal osteoma complicated by choroidal neovascularization, treated with ranibizumab. All patients underwent full ophthalmologic examination, including ocular ultrasound, retinography, fluorescein angiography, spectral-domain or swept-source optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography. These images were analyzed to measure choroidal osteoma and to study choroidal neovascularization changes after intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor. Results: In all cases, fluorescein angiography revealed the presence the choroidal neovascularization, as an early hyperfluorescence area increasing during the exam. Optical coherence tomography showed both the choroidal osteoma and choroidal neovascularization and intra- or subretinal fluid as activity sign. In optical coherence tomography angiography, choroidal osteoma vessels were valuable in outer retina and choroidal slabs, and were irregular and did not change after ranibizumab injection; neovascular network correlating with choroidal neovascularization showed a hyperflow tangled vessels in outer retina, decreasing in density after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography seems to be a useful tool in visualizing and distinguishing vascular networks of choroidal osteoma and of choroidal neovascularization secondary to choroidal osteoma better than fluorescein angiography.
Overexpression of amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) gene promotes lung adenocarcinoma aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo by upregulating C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4
Authors: He Liru , Deng Haixia , Liu Shiliang , Chen Jiewei , Li Binkui , Wang Chenyuan , Wang Xin , Jiang Yiguo , Ma Ningfang , Liu Mengzhong , Xie Dan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe previously found that overexpression of the gene known as amplified in breast cancer 1 (AIB1) was associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. However, the role of AIB1 in that malignancy remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the function of AIB1 in the process of lung adenocarcinoma cell metastasis.MethodsA series of in vivo and in vitro assays were performed to elucidate the function of AIB1, while real‐time PCR and Western blotting were utilized to identify the potential downstream targets of AIB1 in the process of lung adenocarcinoma metastasis. Rescue experiments and in vitro assays were performed to investigate whether the invasiveness of AIB1‐induced lung adenocarcinoma was mediated by C‐X‐C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4).ResultsThe ectopic overexpression of AIB1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells substantially enhanced cell migration and invasive abilities in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo, whereas the depletion of AIB1 expression substantially inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell migration and invasion. CXCR4 was identified as a potential downstream target of AIB1 in lung adenocarcinoma. The knockdown of AIB1 greatly reduced CXCR4 gene expression at both the transcription and protein levels, whereas the knockdown of CXCR4 in cells with AIB1 ectopic overexpression diminished AIB1‐induced migration and invasion in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, we found a significant positive association between the expression of AIB1 and CXCR4 in lung adenocarcinoma patients (183 cases), and the co‐overexpression of AIB1 and CXCR4 predicted the poorest prognosis.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that AIB1 promotes the aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo by upregulating CXCR4 and that it might be usable as a novel prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target for this disease.
Physical Properties of White and Black Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Senthilkumar Thiruppathi , Jian Fuji , Jayas Digvir S. , Narendran Ramasamy Boopathy 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Physical properties including physical dimensions (length, width and thickness), 1000 kernel weight, bulk density, true density, angles of repose, and angles of friction against four structural surfaces of white beans (or navy beans) and black beans ( L.) were measured at 12.1 ±0.3%, 14.0 ±0.0%, 16.0 ±0.2%, and 18.0 ±0.4% moisture contents (wet basis). Physical dimensions of beans were measured using a Vernier caliper and a digital imaging system and the results were compared. Physical dimensions and 1000 kernel weight of beans increased with the increase in moisture content from 12% to 18%. Physical dimensions of both beans measured using the Vernier caliper and the digital imaging system were similar except the thickness of the black bean at 12%, 14%, and 18% moisture contents. Bulk densities and true densities of both beans linearly decreased with the increase in moisture content. Emptying angle of repose was larger than the filling angle of repose for both beans. The filling angles of repose of both beans at 14% moisture content was significantly higher than that at other moisture contents. The largest angle of friction was against the wood-floated concrete followed by the steel-troweled concrete, galvanized steel, and plywood surface for both beans. Angle of friction against galvanized steel and plywood for both beans increased with increase in moisture content, whereas, angle of friction against wood-floated concrete and steel-troweled concrete decreased with increase in moisture content. Keywords: White beans, Black beans, Physical dimensions, Digital imaging system.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE SOURCES GENERATING IMPACT ON THE WATER QUALITY OF THE EAST JIU BASIN
Authors: Simion Alexandru , Lazar Maria 
Published: August 2018

The main economic activity in the Jiu Valley is mining, which provides to the society an important content of mineral raw materials required for the development and progress, representing the main activity in producing the value chain. The majority of the mining activities and other economic activities deployed along the basin of the East Jiu generates both negative environmental impacts (more or less serious) and positive impacts such as those related to employment, staff training, creating infrastructures etc. In the most cases, the negative impacts of the human activities can be much improved up to a point or even eliminated through the remedial measures, particularly through environmental rehabilitation of the affected areas. But if a watercourse is strongly affected by sediments generated by the human activity still on the top side, the pollution will be intensifed much more on the bottom side with signifiant changes on the aquatic ecosystems and with an impossibility of consumption and the use of the water resources by the riparian population. The main objective of this paper consists of the identification and the description of all human activities presented along the East Jiu and the analayses of the negative influence exerted on the river water quality. To compare the water quality of the East Jiu and monitoring its variations in time, it was used the method water quality index (WQI), having the straight purpose of aggregating individual indicators (expressed in physical units) in a unique water quality index.
STUDY OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BILE AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY ON CHOLELITHIASI S
Authors: Vakhrushev Ya. M. , Khokhlacheva N. A. , Maksimova T. Yu. 
Published: August 2018

The aim. To study the physico-chemical properties of hepatic bile and the state of lipid metabolism before and after cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis.Material and methods. 210 patients with stage I cholelithiasis (comparison group) and 90 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for stage II and III of the cholelithiasis (observation group) were examined. The groups were balanced by gender and age. In verification of the diagnosis, in addition to general clinical data, the results of ultrasound examination of the biliary system were used. A duodenal sounding was carried out followed by a macroscopic, microscopic examination of the hepatic portion of bile, determination of its physical properties and chemical composition. Lipid blood metabolism was studied with an estimate of the coefficient of atherogenicity.Results. With ultrasound of the biliary system, signs of biliary sludge were found in 86% of the comparison group patients, in 37% of the patients in the observation group there was an increase in the common bile duct. The study of the chemical composition of the hepatic bile of patients of both groups revealed an increase in cholesterol, total sialic acids and total protein, a decrease in bile acids, phospholipids, cholate-cholesterol and phospholipid-cholesterol coefficients. In the study of physical properties, a thickening of bile and an increase in its viscosity were established. Evaluation of the lipid spectrum of blood revealed that lipid metabolism disorders, which are present in patients with cholecystectomy, are preserved after cholecystectomy.The conclusion. After cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, bile is still secreted prone to stone formation, as evidenced by its altered physic-chemical parameters. Рatients after cholecystectomy need to use preventive measures to prevent the formation of lithogenic bile.
تطوّر معناه في الدراسة العربية
Authors: Rachman Fazlur 
Published: August 2018

Qiyas (Analogy) is considered as one of the important methods in which Arabic is developed in the early centuries. It serves as the base or source of the new words or structures which are not found earlier in Arabs daily speeches. The scholars utilized it as a tool to separate the authentic ones of Arab words from many of those had been witnessed only by few. Qiyas across the ages has evolved in stages. The practice of Qiyas by early scholars does not mean the same by the late ones. This research attempts to reveal the nature of Qiyas; its definitions, stages of its development and its importance in the development of the Arabic language.
This research is descriptive analytical research which the researcher tries to describe the definition of qiyas among Arabic scholars across the ages and the evolution of its meaning and the way scholars use it in their linguistic explanations in developing of linguistic subjects.
The influence of agitation on aggregates formed during treatment of water with a content of humic substances
Authors: Pivokonska L. , Pivokonsky M. 
Published: August 2018

This study aims to evaluate the influence of agitation conditions on the efficiency of the aggregation process when treating surface water containing humic substances. Laboratory tests were conducted by the jar tests using a variable speed paddle gang stirrer. Optimization of agitation intensity was determined by a Couette flocculator. Suspension was prepared using aluminium chloride as a destabilising reagent. Aggregation efficiency was evaluated by the determination of the degree of aggregation and by the test of aggregation. For all surface waters treated, the optimum treatability was demonstrated by applying higher velocity gradients (G=200–250 s−1).
In addition to the laboratory tests, the plant measurements with water containing increased amounts of humic substances were taken to evaluate the aggregation efficiency. The results obtained by the aggregation efficiency measurements show that the intensity of agitation, with the assistance of perforated baffle-type flocculation chamber, attains a low level of velocity gradient (G=22–113 s−1), in contrast to the optimized velocity gradient level (G=200–250 s−1). The aggregates formed in the water treatment plant have an unsuitably wide size-distribution.
PERILAKU BERESIKO PADA LANSIA “ENDONG-ENDONG” DI PASAR INDUK SAYUR DAN BUAH GIWANGAN YOGYAKARTA : STRATEGI PENGUATAN BURUH GENDONG MELALUI POS UPAYA KESEHATAN KERJA
Authors: Tutstsintaiyn Ribia 
Published: August 2018

Tujuan:Untuk mengetahui gambaran kesehatan endong-endong yang berkaitan dengan perilaku kerja yang tidak ergonomis dan upaya penanggulangan risiko PAK (penyakit akibat kerja) dan KAK (kecelakaan akibat kerja ).Konten:Terciptanya kehidupan yang sehat dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan untuk semua usia adalah salah satu fokus SDGs. Namun, hal ini belum terlaksana secara menyeluruh di Indonesia. Endong-endong, atau wanita yang berprofesi mengangkut barang di pasar dengan menggendong menggunakan kain jarik. Sejumlah 60 orang diantaranya merupakan lansia, dimana mereka setiap harinya menggendong buah dan sayur seberat 25-98 kg dalam satu kali angkut dengan frekuensi 15 kali atau lebih. Mereka bekerja tanpa memperhatikan faktor ergonomis seperti berat beban maksimal untuk wanita, frekuensi angkat maksimal dalam sehari kerja, teknik mengangkat beban, waktu kerja, dan tidak memperhatikan jarak tempuh mengangkut beban.Perilaku tersebut dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan terutama PAK (penyakit akibat kerja) yaitu nyeri pada sistem muskuloskeletal seperti otot-otot punggung, pinggang, juga nyeri pada tangan, lutut, dan kaki. Masalah yang sering dialami lansia endong-endong adalah keluhan low back pain (nyeri punggung bawah). Selain itu, kelelahan akibat kerja akan meningkatkan risiko terjadinya kecelakaan akibat kerja. Risiko masalah kesehatan ini semakin tinggi terlebih pada lansia mengingat bahwa lansia wanita memiliki daya tahan tubuh yang lebih rentan dibandingkan dengan wanita usia produktif. Dari hasil penggalian data, sebagian besar lansia endong-endong mengalami keluhan nyeri pada punggung bawah dan kaki. Dimana keluhan nyeri punggung bawah ringan sebesar 31,5%, sedang 57,5% dan berat 11%. Hal tersebut terjadi karena semakin berat beban yang dibawa seseorang setiap kali menggendong maka tekanan pada tulang belakang menjadi semakin besar, sehingga kemungkinan terjadinya nyeri juga semakin besar terlebih ini terjadi pada lansia. Lainnya juga mengalami kecelakaan akibat kerja seperti terjatuh dan terpeleset karena kelelahan dan lingkungan kerja yang licin saat mengangkat beban.Sebagai pekerja sektor informal, kelompok ini tidak secara khusus mendapatkan perlindungan jaminan kesehatan. Sehingga upaya penanggulangan yang dapat diterapkan adalah Pos UKK yang menyelenggarakan upaya pemberian pelayanan kesehatan bagi pekerja informal dengan pendekatan utamanya promotif dan preventif didukung dengan upaya kuratif dan rehabilitatif sederhana bersumberdaya masyarakat (UKBM). Didalam Pos UKK, terdapat upaya-upaya pencegahan penyakit dan kecelakaan kerja serta upaya pengobatan dan terapi pemulihan sederhana untuk buruh gendong yang beroperasi di Pasar Giwangan Anggota paguyuban sebelumnya diberikan pelatihan upaya pencegahan, pengobatan, dan terapi sebagai kader kemudian keahlian yang didapat tersebut diterapkan pada anggota kelompok Pos UKK Buruh Gendong.
Hubungan antara tingkat konsumsi energi, tingkat konsumsi protein, dan status gizi dengan tingkat morbiditas lansia buruh gendong di pasar induk tradisional Yogyakarta
Authors: Tutstsintaiyn Ribia 
Published: August 2018

Persentase penduduk lansia tertinggi terdapat di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta (13,04%). Perubahan struktur dan fungsi tubuh mengakibatkan penyerapan zat gizi tergangggu dan berpengaruh pada sistem kekebalan tubuh seingga mudah terserang infeksi. Morbiditas penduduk lansia akibat infeksi cenderung meningkat. Berdasarkan prasurvei pada lansia buruh gendong, 96,8% memiliki morbiditas tinggi. Sehingga tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi energi, konsumsi protein, dan status gizi dengan morbiditas lansia buruh gendong Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan Januari hingga april 2014, menggunakan jenis penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain Cross-sectional. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 60 responden lansia yang berprofesi sebagai buruh gendong dan termasuk dalam paguyuban Yasanti. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Accidental sampling yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Variabel dalam penelitian ini meliputi tingkat konsumsi energi, protein, dan status gizi. Kemudian menganalisis distribusi dari masing-masing variabel, dan hubungan antar variabel menggunakan uji statistik Chisquare dan melihat besarnya risiko dengan Ratio Prevalens (RP). Dari 60 responden, 45 responden (75%) tingkat morbiditas tinggi dan 15 responden (25%) tingkat morbiditasnya rendah. Secara statistik, seluruh variabel memiliki p> α,tingkat konsumsi energi (p = 0,668 RP 0,854 (95% CI : 0,609-1,209) tingkat konsumsi protein (p = 1,000 RP 1,000 95% CI: 0,557-1,796), status gizi (p = 0,881 RP=1,069 95% CI:0,800-1,430). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara tingkat konsumsi energi, tingkat konsumsi protein, dan status gizi dengan tingkat morbiditas lansia buruh gendong.