bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal deformation patterns of the Lake Urmia Causeway as characterized by multisensor InSAR analysis
Authors: Karimzadeh Sadra , Matsuoka Masashi , Ogushi Fumitaka 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present deformation patterns in the Lake Urmia Causeway (LUC) in NW Iran based on data collected from four SAR sensors in the form of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series. Sixty-eight images from Envisat (2004–2008), ALOS-1 (2006–2010), TerraSAR-X (2012–2013) and Sentinel-1 (2015–2017) were acquired, and 227 filtered interferograms were generated using the small baseline subset (SBAS) technique. The rate of line-of-sight (LOS) subsidence of the LUC peaked at 90 mm/year between 2012 and 2013, mainly due to the loss of most of the water in Lake Urmia. Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on 200 randomly selected time series of the LUC, and the results are presented in the form of the three major components. The InSAR scores obtained from the PCA were used in a hydro-thermal model to investigate the dynamics of consolidation settlement along the LUC based on detrended water level and temperature data. The results can be used to establish a geodetic network around the LUC to identify more detailed deformation patterns and to help plan future efforts to reduce the possible costs of damage.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells-Derived β2-Microglobulin Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Wang Junjie , Yang Weilin , Wang Tao , Chen Xiaoyong , Wang Jiancheng , Zhang Xiaoran , Cai Chuang , Zhong Beilong , Wu Jiabin , Chen Zhenguang , Xiang Andy Peng , Huang Weijun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been considered as one of the pivotal type of cells composing the tumor microenvironment. Although contact-dependent mechanisms and paracrine factors are thought to collaborate in governing the MSCs-based effects on tumors progression, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In particular, the involvement of MSCs-derived cytokines in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been clarified. In this study, we observed that β2-Microglobulin (B2M) is highly expressed in MSCs but scarcely in ESCC cells. Based on the previously described EMT promoting effect of B2M, we investigated the in vitro effect of MSCs-derived B2M on the EMT of ESCC cells, and discovered its subsequent enhancing effects on cell mobility and tumor-initiation. Further xenograft transplantation experiments confirmed the in vivo induction of tumor-initiation by MSCs-derived B2M. Noteworthy, we showed that the B2M expression positively correlated with poor prognosis. The fact that B2M is primarily expressed by the stroma of the ESCC tissue strengthens our hypothesis that in ESCC, MSCs-derived B2M promotes tumor-initiation and invasion via enhancing EMT, resulting in an adverse prognosis for the patients. Our results will be valuable for the prediction of the development and treatment of ESCC.
Long-term effects of low calcium dialysates on the serum calcium levels during maintenance hemodialysis treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yoshikawa Masahiro , Takase Osamu , Tsujimura Taro , Sano Etsuko , Hayashi Matsuhiko , Takato Tsuyoshi , Hishikawa Keiichi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) can cause the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and mineral bone disorders (MBD). The KDIGO recommends the dialysates with a calcium (Ca) concentration of 1.25–1.5 mmol/L for MHD treatments, but the optimal concentration remains controversial. Here, we conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials examining a total of 622 patients to investigate the optimal concentration for MHD for 6 months or longer. The dialysates with a low Ca concentration (1.125 or 1.25 mmol/L) significantly lowered the serum Ca and raised the intact parathyroid hormone levels by 0.52 mg/dL (95% confidence interval, 0.20–0.85) and 39.59 pg/mL (14.80–64.38), respectively, compared with a high Ca concentration (1.50 or 1.75 mmol/L). Three studies showed that a low concentration was preferred for lowering arterial calcifications or atherosclerosis in different arteries, but one study showed that coronary arterial calcifications increased with a low concentration. Two studies showed contradictory outcomes in terms of MBD. Our meta-analysis showed that a dialysate with a low Ca concentration lowered the serum Ca levels in patients receiving long-term MHD, but further studies are needed to determine the optimal Ca concentration in terms of CVD and MBD.
Transcriptome-wide mapping of signaling pathways and early immune responses in lumpfish leukocytes upon in vitro bacterial exposure
Authors: Eggestøl Håvard Ø. , Lunde Harald S. , Rønneseth Anita , Fredman David , Petersen Kjell , Mishra Charitra K. , Furmanek Tomasz , Colquhoun Duncan J. , Wergeland Heidrun I. , Haugland Gyri T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe performed RNA sequencing, identified components of the immune system and mapped early immune responses of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) leukocytes following in vitro exposure to the pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum O1. This is the first characterization of immune molecules in lumpfish at the gene level. In silico analyses revealed that genes encoding proteins involved in pathogen recognition, cell signaling and cytokines in mammals and teleosts are conserved in lumpfish. Unique molecules were also identified. Pathogen recognition components include 13 TLRs, several NLRs and complement factors. Transcriptome-wide analyses of immune responses 6 and 24 hours post bacterial exposure revealed differential expression of 9033 and 15225 genes, respectively. These included TLR5S, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, TNFα, IL-17A/F3, IL-17C and several components of the complement system. The data generated will be valuable for comparative studies and make an important basis for further functional analyses of immune and pathogenicity mechanisms. Such knowledge is also important for design of immunoprophylactic measures in lumpfish, a species of fish now farmed intensively for use as cleaner-fish in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture.
Subcutaneous Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma mice model for studying cancer-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mishra Sneha , Tamta Ankit Kumar , Sarikhani Mohsen , Desingu Perumal Arumugam , Kizkekra Shruti M. , Pandit Anwit Shriniwas , Kumar Shweta , Khan Danish , Raghavan Sathees C. , Sundaresan Nagalingam R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCardiomyopathy is one of the characteristic features of cancer. In this study, we establish a suitable model to study breast cancer-induced cardiomyopathy in mice. We used Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma cells to induce subcutaneous tumor in 129/SvJ mice and studied its effect on heart function. In Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma bearing mice, we found significant reduction in left ventricle wall thickness, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening increase in left ventricle internal diameter. We found higher muscle atrophy, degeneration, fibrosis, expression of cell-adhesion molecules and cell death in tumor-bearing mice hearts. As observed in cancer patients, we found that mTOR, a key signalling molecule responsible for maintaining cell growth and autophagy was suppressed in this model. Tumor bearing mice hearts show increased expression and nuclear localization of TFEB and FoxO3a transcription factors, which are involved in the upregulation of muscle atrophy genes, lysosomal biogenesis genes and autophagy genes. We propose that Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma induced tumor can be used as a model to identify potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure in patients suffering from cancer-induced cardiomyopathy. This model can also be used to test the adverse consequences of cancer chemotherapy in heart.
A Lethal Fungus Infects the Chinese White Wax Scale Insect and Causes Dramatic Changes in the Host Microbiota
Authors: Sun Tao , Wang Xue-Qing , Zhao Zun-Ling , Yu Shu-Hui , Yang Pu , Chen Xiao-Ming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Chinese white wax scale insect (Ericerus pela) is an economically valuable species with an important role in wax production. Recently, in a greenhouse in Kunming, we identified a genus of fungus that infects and kills E. pela females. This study sought to perform the molecular detection of entomopathogens and analyze the changes in the host microbiota after entomopathogen infection. We used library construction, high-throughput sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to identify the fungi infecting adult E. pela, to understand the changes in the host organism, and to determine the distribution of the entomopathogens. Cladosporium langeronii and C. sphaerospermum were the main pathogenic species that infected the E. pela females, and they were most prevalent in the dorsal cuticle. In vivo, after infection, the proportion of Cladosporium clearly increased. The infection had little influence on the fungal community but had a strong influence on the bacterial community. After infection, Arsenophonus was dominant, and numerous bacterial genera disappeared. However, Rickettsia, instead of Arsenophonus, became dominant in the Cladosporium-infected individuals that had also been infected with Rickettsia. We identified the species that infected E. pela females and determined the influence of infection on the host microorganisms.
Diffusion-localization transition caused by nonlinear transport on complex networks
Authors: Tamura Koutarou , Takayasu Hideki , Takayasu Misako 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe analyzed nonlinear transport as defined for directed complex networks, where the flux from one node to a neighboring node is given preferentially according to the scalar quantities at the neighbor nodes. This is known as the generalized gravity interaction. In our research, we discovered a novel phase transition type. In the diffusion phase, the scalar quantity is scattered over the whole system, whereas in the localization phase, the flow tends to form localized confluence patterns owing to nonlinearity, resulting in the appearance of special nodes that irreversibly attract huge amounts of flow. We analytically considered the transition for selected network configurations, demonstrating that the transition point depends on the network topology. We also demonstrated that the diffusion phase of this transport model fits well with data from business firms, implying that the whole network structure can be used to model money flow in the real world.
Predicting individual responses to the electroconvulsive therapy with hippocampal subfield volumes in major depression disorder
Authors: Cao Bo , Luo Qinghua , Fu Yixiao , Du Lian , Qiu Tian , Yang Xiangying , Chen Xiaolu , Chen Qibin , Soares Jair C. , Cho Raymond Y. , Zhang Xiang Yang , Qiu Haitang 
Published: March 2018

AbstractElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is one of the most effective treatments for major depression disorder (MDD). ECT can induce neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in hippocampus, which contains distinct subfields, e.g., the cornu ammonis (CA) subfields, a granule cell layer (GCL), a molecular layer (ML), and the subiculum. It is unclear which subfields are affected by ECT and whether we predict the future treatment response to ECT by using volumetric information of hippocampal subfields at baseline? In this study, 24 patients with severe MDD received the ECT and their structural brain images were acquired with magnetic resonance imaging before and after ECT. A state-of-the-art hippocampal segmentation algorithm from Freesurfer 6.0 was used. We found that ECT induced volume increases in CA subfields, GCL, ML and subiculum. We applied a machine learning algorithm to the hippocampal subfield volumes at baseline and were able to predict the change in depressive symptoms (r = 0.81; within remitters, r = 0.93). Receiver operating characteristic analysis also showed robust prediction of remission with an area under the curve of 0.90. Our findings provide evidence for particular hippocampal subfields having specific roles in the response to ECT. We also provide an analytic approach for generating predictions about clinical outcomes for ECT in MDD.
Mechanisms of tactile sensory deterioration amongst the elderly
Authors: Skedung Lisa , El Rawadi Charles , Arvidsson Martin , Farcet Céline , Luengo Gustavo S. , Breton Lionel , Rutland Mark W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIt is known that roughness-smoothness, hardness-softness, stickiness-slipperiness and warm-cold are predominant perceptual dimensions in macro-, micro- and nano- texture perception. However, it is not clear to what extent active tactile texture discrimination remains intact with age. The general decrease in tactile ability induces physical and emotional dysfunction in elderly, and has increasing significance for an aging population. We report a method to quantify tactile acuity based on blinded active exploration of systematically varying micro-textured surfaces and a same-different paradigm. It reveals that elderly participants show significantly reduced fine texture discrimination ability. The elderly group also displays statistically lower finger friction coefficient, moisture and elasticity, suggesting a link. However, a subpopulation of the elderly retains discrimination ability irrespective of cutaneous condition and this can be related to a higher density of somatosensory receptors on the finger pads. Skin tribology is thus not the primary reason for decline of tactile discrimination with age. The remediation of cutaneous properties through rehydration, however leads to a significantly improved tactile acuity. This indicates unambiguously that neurological tactile loss can be temporarily compensated by restoring the cutaneous contact mechanics. Such mechanical restoration of tactile ability has the potential to increase the quality of life in elderly.
Effects of Intestinal Microbiota on Brain Development in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice
Authors: Lu Jing , Lu Lei , Yu Yueyue , Cluette-Brown Joanne , Martin Camilia R. , Claud Erika C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPoor growth in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit is associated with an increased risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants, however the mechanism is unclear. The microbiome has increasingly been recognized as a modifiable environmental factor to influence host development. Here we explore the hypothesis that the microbiome influences both growth phenotype and brain development. A germ free mouse transfaunation model was used to examine the effects of preterm infant microbiotas known to induce either high growth or low growth phenotypes on postnatal brain development. The microbiome which induced the low growth phenotype was associated with decreases in the neuronal markers NeuN and neurofilament-L as well as the myelination marker MBP when compared to the microbiome associated with the high growth phenotype. Additionally, poor growth phenotype-associated microbiota was associated with increased neuroinflammation marked by increased Nos1, as well as alteration in IGF-1 pathway including decreased circulating and brain IGF-1, decreased circulating IGFBP3, and increased Igfbp3 brain mRNA expression. This study suggests that growth-associated microbiota can influence early neuron and oligodendrocyte development and that this effect may be mediated by effects on neuroinflammation and circulating IGF-1.
The Notch inhibitor cowanin accelerates nicastrin degradation
Authors: Arai Midori A. , Akamine Ryuta , Tsuchiya Anna , Yoneyama Tatsuro , Koyano Takashi , Kowithayakorn Thaworn , Ishibashi Masami 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAberrant activation of Notch signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of several different types of cancer, and Notch pathway inhibitors may have significant therapeutic potential. Using a unique cell-based assay system, we isolated twelve compounds, including one new natural product from Garcinia speciosa, that inhibit the Notch signaling pathway. HES1 and HES5 are target genes of the Notch cascade, and compound 2, referred to as cowanin, decreased the protein levels of HES1 and HES5 in assay cells. Furthermore, cowanin (2) showed potent cytotoxicity against human leukemic HPB-ALL cells. The Notch signaling inhibitory activity of cowanin (2) is linked to the increased degradation of nicastrin, which is one of the components of the γ-secretase complex. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a compound with Notch pathway inhibitory activity mediated by nicastrin degradation.
Metabolomic approach for a rapid identification of natural products with cytotoxic activity against human colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Graziani Vittoria , Scognamiglio Monica , Belli Valentina , Esposito Assunta , D’Abrosca Brigida , Chambery Angela , Russo Rosita , Panella Marta , Russo Aniello , Ciardiello Fortunato , Troiani Teresa , Potenza Nicoletta , Fiorentino Antonio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe discovery of bioactive compounds from natural sources entails an extremely lengthy process due to the timescale and complexity of traditional methodologies. In our study, we used a rapid NMR based metabolomic approach as tool to identify secondary metabolites with anti-proliferative activity against a panel of human colorectal cancer cell lines with different mutation profiles. For this purpose, fourteen Fabaceae species of Mediterranean vegetation were investigated using a double screening method: 1H NMR profiling enabled the identification of the main compounds present in the mixtures, whilst parallel biological assays allowed the selection of two plant extracts based on their strong anti-proliferative properties. Using high-resolution 2D NMR spectroscopy, putative active constituents were identified in the mixture and isolated by performing a bio-guided fractionation of the selected plant extracts. As a result, we found two active principles: a cycloartane glycoside and protodioscin derivative. Interestingly, these metabolites displayed a preferential anti-proliferative effect on colon cancer cell lines with an intrinsic resistance to anti-EGFR therapies. Our work provides an NMR-based metabolomic approach as a powerful and efficient tool to discover natural products with anticancer activities circumventing time-consuming procedures.
Increasing prosthetic foot energy return affects whole-body mechanics during walking on level ground and slopes
Authors: Childers W. Lee , Takahashi Kota Z. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProsthetic feet are designed to store energy during early stance and then release a portion of that energy during late stance. The usefulness of providing more energy return depends on whether or not that energy transfers up the lower limb to aid in whole body propulsion. This research examined how increasing prosthetic foot energy return affected walking mechanics across various slopes. Five people with a uni-lateral transtibial amputation walked on an instrumented treadmill at 1.1 m/s for three conditions (level ground, +7.5°, −7.5°) while wearing a prosthetic foot with a novel linkage system and a traditional energy storage and return foot. The novel foot demonstrated greater range of motion (p = 0.0012), and returned more energy (p = 0.023) compared to the traditional foot. The increased energy correlated with an increase in center of mass (CoM) energy change during propulsion from the prosthetic limb (p = 0.012), and the increased prosthetic limb propulsion correlated to a decrease in CoM energy change (i.e., collision) on the sound limb (p < 0.001). These data indicate that this novel foot was able to return more energy than a traditional prosthetic foot and that this additional energy was used to increase whole body propulsion.
Case-control analysis of LRRK2 protective variants in Essential Tremor
Authors: Ng Adeline S. L. , Ng Ebonne Y. L. , Tan Yi Jayne , Prakash Kumar M. , Au Wing Lok , Tan Louis C. S. , Tan Eng-King 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCo-existence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) may reflect overlapping pathophysiology underlying both conditions. Furthermore, PD patients with leucine-rich repeat kinase-2 (LRRK2) mutations may present with ET-like features, suggesting the possibility of common genetic underpinnings. Two common LRRK2 variants, R1398H and N551K, have been shown to be protective in multiple PD cohorts. We hypothesized that R1398H and N551K may show a similar effect in ET. In a case-control study involving 3198 subjects (2680 controls and 518 ET cases), R1398H was detected in 16.6% of ET cases compared to 18.0% in controls (OR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.71–1.17, p = 0.46); while N551K was detected in 16.5% of ET cases compared to 18.0% of controls (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.69–1.15, p = 0.37). While these results suggest that LRRK2 R1398H or N551K do not appear to modulate the risk of ET, it remains possible that a protective trend for both variants may be present in ET and a much larger sample size is required to identify this.
Examination of Csr regulatory circuitry using epistasis analysis with RNA-seq (Epi-seq) confirms that CsrD affects gene expression via CsrA, CsrB and CsrC
Authors: Potts Anastasia H. , Leng Yuanyuan , Babitzke Paul , Romeo Tony 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Csr global regulatory system coordinates gene expression in response to metabolic status. This system utilizes the RNA binding protein CsrA to regulate gene expression by binding to transcripts of structural and regulatory genes, thus affecting their structure, stability, translation, and/or transcription elongation. CsrA activity is controlled by sRNAs, CsrB and CsrC, which sequester CsrA away from other transcripts. CsrB/C levels are partly determined by their rates of turnover, which requires CsrD to render them susceptible to RNase E cleavage. Previous epistasis analysis suggested that CsrD affects gene expression through the other Csr components, CsrB/C and CsrA. However, those conclusions were based on a limited analysis of reporters. Here, we reassessed the global behavior of the Csr circuitry using epistasis analysis with RNA seq (Epi-seq). Because CsrD effects on mRNA levels were entirely lost in the csrA mutant and largely eliminated in a csrB/C mutant under our experimental conditions, while the majority of CsrA effects persisted in the absence of csrD, the original model accounts for the global behavior of the Csr system. Our present results also reflect a more nuanced role of CsrA as terminal regulator of the Csr system than has been recognized.
Small Molecules Attenuate the Interplay between Conformational Fluctuations, Early Oligomerization and Amyloidosis of Alpha Synuclein
Authors: Ghosh Sumanta , Kundu Amrita , Chattopadhyay Krishnananda 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAggregation of alpha synuclein has strong implications in Parkinson’s disease. The heterogeneity of folding/aggregation landscape and transient nature of the early intermediates result in difficulty in developing a successful therapeutic intervention. Here we used fluorescence measurements at ensemble and single molecule resolution to study how the late and early events of alpha synuclein aggregation modulate each other. In-vitro aggregation data was complemented using measurements inside live neuroblastoma cells by employing a small molecule labeling technique. An inhibitor molecule (arginine), which delayed the late event of amyloidosis, was found to bind to the protein, shifting the early conformational fluctuations towards a compact state. In contrast, a facilitator of late aggregation (glutamate), was found to be excluded from the protein surface. The presence of glutamate was found to speed up the oligomer formation at the early stage. We found that the effects of the inhibitor and facilitator were additive and as a result they maintained a ratio at which they cancelled each other’s influence on different stages of alpha synuclein aggregation.