bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in trajectories of depression symptoms and associations with 10‐year mortality in patients with stroke: the South London Stroke Register
Authors: Ayis S. A. , Rudd A. G , Ayerbe L. , Wolfe C. D. A. 
Published: January 2019

Background and purposeDepression is a common neuropsychiatric consequence of stroke. We identified trajectories of depression symptoms in men and women and examined their associations with 10‐year all‐cause mortality.MethodsData were obtained from the South London Stroke Register (1998–2016). Socio‐demographic, stroke severity and clinical measures were collected during the acute phase. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to screen for depression at 3 months after stroke and then annually. We used group‐based trajectory models to identify trajectories of depression and Cox proportional hazards models to study the risk of mortality in them.ResultsWe studied 1275 men and 1038 women. Three trajectories of depression symptoms were identified in men: I‐M (42.12%), low and stable symptoms; II‐M (46.51%), moderate increasing symptoms; and III‐M (11.37%), severe persistent symptoms. Four trajectories were identified in women; I‐F (29.09%), low symptoms; II‐F (49.81%), moderate symptoms; III‐F (16.28%), severe symptoms; and IV‐F (4.82%), very severe symptoms, all with stable symptoms. The 10‐year adjusted mortality hazard ratios in men were: 1.68 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38–2.04] and 2.62 (95% CI, 1.97–3.48) for trajectories II‐M and III‐M, respectively, compared with I‐M. In women these were: 1.38 (95% CI, 1.09–1.75), 1.65 (95% CI, 1.23–2.20) and 2.81 (95% CI, 1.90–4.16) for trajectories II‐F, III‐F and IV‐F, respectively, compared with I‐F.ConclusionsDepression trajectories varied independent of sex. Severe symptoms in women were double those in men. Moderate symptoms in men became worse over time. Increased symptoms of depression were associated with higher mortality rates. Data on symptom progression may help a better long‐term management of patients with stroke.
Are religious consumers more ethical and less Machiavellian? A segmentation study of Millennials
Authors: Arli Denni , Tkaczynski Aaron , Anandya Dudi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMillennial consumers are increasingly becoming important actors in business that account for sufficient purchasing power. However, Millennials are infamously narcissistic and their views of ethics are more relaxed than previous generations (i.e., Baby Boomers, Generation X). Millennials remain poorly understood in general, especially in the context of developing countries. Hence, the purpose of this study was to profile this generation by segmenting Millennials in Indonesia and investigating differences between these segments on their ethical beliefs and Machiavellianism, an important personality characteristic. This study used a convenience sample from a university in Indonesia (N = 540). The TwoStep cluster analysis produced three segments, namely, “The Religious Millennials”, “The Lukewarm Religious Millennials” and “The Least Religious Millennials”. Consumers who are highly religious are less likely to engage in various unethical behaviours. Interestingly, no significant differences were found between The Lukewarm Millennials and The Least Religious Millennials on their ethical beliefs. This research makes several research contributions. First, this study extended the Hunt–Vitell theory of ethics, where an individual (i.e., Millennials) confronts a problem perceived as having ethical content. Second, the study examined consumer ethics in the context of developing countries where religion plays a significant role in people’s daily life. Third, through understanding different segments, the results assist educators, social marketers and public policy makers in creating an effective campaign to reduce unethical behaviour among Millennials.
THE EFFECTS OF ACTIVIST INVESTORS ON FIRMS’ MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS
Authors: Swidler Steve , Trinh Tri , Yost Keven 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe investigate the effects of activist investors on firm acquisitions, where activist investors include both hedge fund activists and entrepreneurial activists (venture capital funds, private equity funds, and individual investors). For completed deals, acquirers with activist investors experience significantly higher announcement cumulative abnormal returns compared to acquirers without activist investors. In addition, acquirers with activist investors are more likely to withdraw from value‐destroying transactions. Furthermore, the market reacts more favorably to acquirers with activists than to those without activists when these value‐destroying transactions are withdrawn. Our results highlight the role of activist investors in aligning managers’ and shareholders’ interests in acquisition decisions.
Consequences of biodiversity shift across phylogenetic scales for aspen and willow growth, survival, and herbivory
Authors: Grossman Jake J. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractQuestionIt has been established that community biodiversity has consequences for ecosystem function. Yet research assessing these biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) relationships usually occurs at only one phylogenetic scale; as such, the dependence of BEF relationships on phylogenetic scale has not been characterized. We present a novel framework for considering the consequences of biodiversity across phylogenetic scales, allowing us to ask: Do the consequences of intraspecific and interspecific diversity affect the growth, survival, and leaf herbivory of three temperate tree species?Study siteSalicaceous tree plantation, Minnesota, northern USA.MethodsWe established an experimental plantation consisting of trees of three species within the willow (Salicaceae) family. Two aspen (Populus tremuloides, P. alba) and one willow (Salix nigra) species were represented by three unique genotypes such that tree neighborhoods varied both in genotype richness (intraspecific diversity) and species richness (interspecific diversity). We assessed the consequences of tree identity and diversity across these two phylogenetic scales for all trees’ aboveground productivity and survival, and for herbivore damage (on P. tremuloides) at the end of the second full growing season of the experiment.ResultsDiversity at any phylogenetic scale had no effect on the growth and survival of P. alba or S. nigra. However, intraspecific diversity increased the likelihood of P. tremuloides survival while interspecific diversity reduced P. tremuloides survival. Intraspecific diversity also reduced leaf removal and galling herbivory on P. tremuloides, while interspecific diversity had no effect on leaf removal and increased galling herbivory. Neither scale of diversity affected leaf mining.ConclusionsTree diversity within and among populations and species affected plant performance and ecosystem properties differentially, demonstrating that BEF relationships shift across phylogenetic scales in a taxon‐specific manner. We call for further experiments that explicitly span these scales by measuring ecosystem and physiological responses to the manipulation of diversity within and among species.
Ambivalence and Self‐Deception: Reframing the Debate
Authors: Poggiani Francesco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA multitude of scholars have recently argued that inherently ambivalent reactions ought to be accepted, and our drive toward overcoming them resisted, in order to preserve a reflectively accurate account of oneself. By contrast, I argue that a genuine commitment to overcome ambivalence aims less at avoiding than acknowledging and understanding, as well as possibly resolving, whatever conflicts led us to become ambivalent in the first place. On the other hand, certain forms of ‘reflective ambivalence’ are especially vulnerable to the very kind of self‐deception they aim to prevent.
Addition of lignin to lime materials for expedited pH increase and improved vertical mobility of lime in no‐till soils
Authors: Tao Haiying , Pan William L. , Carter Paul , Wang Ku 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSoil acidification caused by long‐term nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications has been a growing concern for dryland crop production in both tilled and no‐till soils in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Many no‐till soils have stratified soil pH in the 5–10 cm depth due to repeated N fertilizer applications at this depth. In the PNW, the practice of liming to correct low soil pH is complicated due to lack of affordable lime sources and because the inherent difficulty in ameliorating stratified soil acidity in no‐till systems. An intact soil‐column incubation study was conducted to investigate whether mixing lime materials with lignin‐containing black liquor—a by‐product from the pulp industry—could elevate soil pH change in both conventional and no‐till systems and expedite vertical downward movement of lime in no‐till system. Results indicate that mixing lime with black liquor has the potential to not only elevate the increase in soil pH in both conventional till and no‐till systems, but also accelerate downward movement of lime to correct soil pH below the soil surface. Mixing agricultural lime or super fine micro lime with black liquor increased soil pH to a depth of 25–30 cm within 147 days after surface application to a no‐till soil.
Sources of inequality in the Philippines: Insights from stochastic dominance tests for richness and poorness
Authors: Valenzuela Maria Rebecca , Wong Wing‐Keung , Zhu Zhen Zhen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNew stochastic dominance (SD) tests of richness and poorness are applied to income and expenditure distributions in the Philippines to measure relative welfare levels and investigate sources of inequality from 2000 to 2012. We successfully demonstrate that welfare analyses based on ascending and descending SD principles offer a stronger characterisation of changing levels of welfare in a population than what could be obtained using standard SD approach alone. Empirically, our results show that large improvements in relative welfare over time in the Philippines favoured older and female‐headed households, mainly in the urban areas. Further, female headship and more years in education promoted higher welfare within and among the population groups. On the other hand, the growth of remittance incomes may have caused the greater imbalance in the distributions found in more recent years. Analysis by age groups meanwhile showed that over time, there are increasing concentrations of poorer households among the youngest cohort (30 and under), at the same time that there are also increasing concentrations of richer households among the over 60s. The combined impact of these factors provides a viable explanation as to why the gap between the rich and the poor has remained high in the Philippines for a very long time now.
125Iodide as a surrogate tracer for epithelial chloride transport by the mouse large intestine in vitro
Authors: Stephens Christine E. , Whittamore Jonathan M. , Hatch Marguerite 
Published: January 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The tracer 36Cl−, currently used to measure transepithelial Cl− fluxes, has become prohibitively expensive, threatening its future use. 125Iodide, previously validated alongside 36Cl− as a tracer of Cl− efflux by cells, has not been tested as a surrogate for 36Cl− across epithelia.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We demonstrate that 125I− can serve as an inexpensive replacement for measuring Cl− transport across mouse large intestine, tracking Cl− transport in response to cAMP stimulation (inducing Cl− secretion) in the presence and absence of the main gastrointestinal Cl−–HCO3− exchanger, DRA.

AbstractChloride transport is important for driving fluid secretion and absorption by the large intestine, with dysregulation resulting in diarrhoea‐associated pathologies. The radioisotope 36Cl− has long been used as a tracer to measure epithelial Cl− transport but is prohibitively expensive. 125Iodide has been used as an alternative to 36Cl− in some transport assays but has never been validated as an alternative for tracing bidirectional transepithelial Cl− fluxes. The goal of this study was to validate 125I− as an alternative to 36Cl− for measurement of Cl− transport by the intestine. Simultaneous fluxes of 36Cl− and 125I− were measured across the mouse caecum and distal colon. Net Cl− secretion was induced by the stimulation of cAMP with a cocktail of forskolin (FSK) and 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX). Unidirectional fluxes of 125I− correlated well with 36Cl− fluxes after cAMP‐induced net Cl− secretion, occurring predominantly through a reduction in the absorptive mucosal‐to‐serosal Cl− flux rather than by stimulation of the secretory serosal‐to‐mucosal Cl− flux. Correlations between 125I− fluxes and 36Cl− fluxes were maintained in epithelia from mice lacking DRA (Slc26a3), the main Cl−–HCO3− exchanger responsible for Cl− absorption by the large intestine. Lower rates of Cl− and I− absorption in the DRA knockout intestine suggest that DRA might have a previously unrecognized role in iodide uptake. This study validates that 125I− traces transepithelial Cl− fluxes across the mouse large intestine, provides insights into the mechanism of net Cl− secretion and suggests that DRA might be involved in intestinal iodide absorption.
miR‐15a/15b Cluster Modulates Survival of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Improve Its Therapeutic Efficacy of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tu Yingfeng , Qiu Yan , Liu Li , Huang Tao , Tang Hao , Liu Youbin , Guo Wenguang , Jiang Hongchi , Fan Yuhua , Yu Bo 
Published: January 2019

Background

The poor viability of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hampers their therapeutic efficacy for ischemic heart disease. Micro
RNA
s are involved in regulation of
MSC
survival and function. The present study was designed to investigate the molecular effects of mi
R
‐15a/15b on
MSC
survival, focusing on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2.

Methods and Results

We first harvested donor luc(Luciferase)‐
MSC
s (5×10
5
) isolated from the luciferase transgenic mice with
FVB
background. Luc‐
MSC
s were transfected with miR‐15a/15b mimics or inhibitors and cultured under oxygen glucose deprivation condition for 12 hours to mimics the harsh microenvironment in infarcted heart; they were subjected to MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide?Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide) assay, bioluminescence imaging, quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, transferase‐mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate–digoxigenin nick‐end labeling assay, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, protein kinase B, p(Phosphorylate)‐protein kinase B, Bcl‐2, Bax, and caspase‐3 proteins were available by Western blotting assay. In vivo, acute myocardial infarction was induced in 24 mice by coronary ligation, with subsequent receipt of Luc‐
MSC
s, Luc‐
MSC
s+miR‐15a/15b inhibitors, or
PBS
treatment. The therapeutic procedure and treatment effects were tracked and assessed using bioluminescence imaging and echocardiographic measurement. Next, ex vivo imaging and immunohistochemistry were conducted to verify the distribution of
MSC
s. We demonstrated that miR‐15a/15b targeted vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 to modulate
MSC
survival, possibly via phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, which was proved by bioluminescence imaging, immunohistochemistry analysis, and echocardiographic measurement.

Conclusions

Luc‐
MSC
s could be followed dynamically in vitro and in vivo by bioluminescence imaging, and the role of mi
R
‐15a/b could be inferred from the loss of signals from luc‐
MSC
s. This finding may have practical clinical implications in mi
R
‐15a/15b–modified
MSC
transplantation in treating myocardial infarction.
The Impact of Locally Enhanced Vertical Diffusivity on the Cross-Shelf Transport of Tracers Induced by a Submarine Canyon
Authors: Ramos-Musalem Karina , Allen Susan E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe exchanges of water, nutrients, and oxygen between the coastal and open ocean are key components of on-shelf nutrient budgets and biogeochemical cycles. On a regional scale, submarine canyons enhance physical processes such as shelf–slope mass exchange and mixing. There is good understanding of the flow around upwelling submarine canyons; however, the flux of biologically relevant tracers is less understood. This work investigates the impact of submarine canyons on the cross-shelf exchange of tracers and water, taking into account the impact of locally enhanced mixing within the canyon, and develops a scaling estimate for canyon-induced upwelling of tracers, proportional to local concentration, vertical diffusivity, and previously scaled upwelling flux. For that purpose, we performed numerical experiments simulating an upwelling event near an idealized canyon, adding a passive tracer with an initially linear profile. We varied the geographic distribution of vertical eddy diffusivity and its magnitude, the initial stratification, the Coriolis parameter, and the strength of the incoming flow. We find that a canyon of width 5% of the along-shelf length of the shelf upwells between 25% and 89% more tracer mass onto the shelf than shelfbreak upwelling. Locally enhanced vertical diffusivity has a positive effect on the tracer that is advected by the upwelling flow and can increase canyon-upwelled tracer flux by up to 27%.
Performance Measurement and Accommodation: Students with Visual Impairments on Pennsylvania's Alternate Assessment
Authors: Zebehazy Kim T. , Zigmond Naomi , Zimmerman George J. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction This study investigated the use of accommodations and the performance of students with visual impairments and severe cognitive disabilities on the Pennsylvania Alternate System of Assessment (PASA)γÇöan alternate performance-based assessment. Methods Differences in test scores on the most basic level (level A) of the PASA of 286 students with visual impairments, grouped into one of three functional vision levels, in grades 3/4 or 7/8 were analyzed descriptively as well as inferentially using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and ad hoc Mann Whitney U tests. In addition, teachers of students with visual impairments viewed the videotaped assessments of 257 of these students to record accommodations used. Accommodations data were analyzed for patterns and relationships with test item types. Chi-Squares were calculated. Results There was a significant difference in test scores by functional vision level, with students who predominantly use vision performing significantly better than students who use a combination of vision and other senses or use other senses in place of vision. The accommodations used generally matched a student's reported level of functional vision with layout and presentation accommodations being the most prevalent. Discussion The types of accommodations selected may be due to the structure of alternate assessments but also raise questions about what is a progression in reading for students who do not access pictures and print with vision. Differences in performance raise questions of accessibility vs. ability and the level of difficulty of test items when accommodations are used. Implications for practitioners Practitioners should advocate for guidance from alternate assessments on accommodation use that mirrors the intent of test items and consider how state alternate standards translate when tasks addressing those standards are adapted for students with visual impairments. Test developers should consider students with visual impairments when designing and interpreting alternate assessment test items.
The Changing Role and Practice of Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments: Practitioners’ Views from Australia
Authors: Brown Jane Emily , Beamish Wendi 
Published: January 2019

Introduction This study examined the everyday work of eight teachers of students with visual impairments at governmental primary and secondary schools in Queensland, Australia. The small-scale study aimed to capture the scope and complexity of the activities of these teachers and the regular challenges they face in their expected everyday roles. Methods Telephone interviews were used to collect descriptive data from the teachers. A direct field-sampling procedure was used across the governmental schools to recruit qualified and specialist teachers who met prespecified criteria, most of whom lived in Brisbane, Queensland's capital city. The content of the interviews was generated from two sequenced activities with a different group of experienced teachers of students with visual impairments. Results The teachers carried out complex and demanding duties as part of their everyday roles. These duties were consistent with those performed by their counterparts around the world. The most frequently performed and most important activities including providing direct support to students, advocating for students’ needs, and collaborating across school and community contexts. The identified challenges were linked primarily to the lack of time to undertake important activities. Discussion Three important and interconnected findings can be drawn from the results: role complexity, time and collaboration, and the importance of the expanded core curriculum. Implications for Practitioners The findings provide an initial snapshot of the changing role reported by the teachers. Thus, these data offer a beginning point for future probes into the workplace knowledge and skills required by teachers of students with visual impairments.
Conceptual Understanding of Shape and Space by Braille-Reading Norwegian Students in Elementary School
Authors: Klingenberg Oliv G. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction The study presented here investigated the ways in which students who read braille were able to complete geometric tasks and how they constructed mental representations of the shapes of objects. Methods Data were collected in an educational experiment conducted as a geometry course for students who read braille. A case study approach was used to study two students, aged 10 and 11, who were competent in mathematics. Results The two students complemented their multiple manual explorations with body movements and postures that corresponded to characteristic features of the shapes of objects. They typically rotated small three-dimensional objects and experimented with the objects’ point of balance. Another important result is that they continually measured geometric properties, such as length, area, and volume, as part of their way of “seeing” the shapes of objects. Discussion The two students “played with” the physical characteristics of environments. Each used his whole body as an explorative instrument. Thus, the study makes a powerful claim for the idea of embodied mathematics. Implications for practitioners What seems to be important for students aged 10–11 who read braille is to offer a diversity of objects and geometric figures, not only prototypes. Teachers should challenge students to talk about the dimensions of objects in everyday language and in natural situations as a prerequisite to the transition to studying standard units in numerical measurements.