bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Australian parents' experiences when discussing their child's overweight and obesity with the Maternal and Child Health nurse: A qualitative study
Authors: Hardy Kelly , Hooker Leesa , Ridgway Lael , Edvardsson Kristina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore parents' experiences when discussing child overweight issues with the Maternal and Child Health nurse.BackgroundCommunity‐based child and family health nurses are in a unique position to discuss child overweight and obesity with parents. However, studies of parents' experiences in this context are lacking.MethodTen mothers of children identified as overweight or obese from regional Victoria, Australia, were interviewed in 2017. Data were analysed using an inductive qualitative thematic approach. The COREQ guidelines were used to ensure study rigour.ResultsIn summary, the analysis revealed experiences of Maternal and Child Health nurses “brushing over” the topic, with a lack of information provided about how to tackle the problem at home. The interpersonal relationship aspect of continuity of care was described as facilitating awareness of the child's overweight, although mothers expressed confusion about what constituted a “healthy weight range.” While some mothers perceived the nurse's role was to offer evidence‐based information and support, others saw the family doctor as the appropriate health professional to address the problem.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that parents are often left unsure how to manage their child's weight despite the child being identified as overweight or obese by their Maternal and Child Health nurse.Relevance to clinical practiceDiscussions about overweight and obesity may be facilitated by continuity of care where established relationships serve as a facilitator for effective communication. The findings further indicate a need for more structured support of Maternal and Child Health nurses working with parents of young children identified as overweight or obese, including ongoing education, skill development and improved understanding of parental health literacy and its links to childhood obesity.
Pharmacokinetics of the amoxicillin–clavulanic acid combination after intravenous and oral administration in cats
Authors: Yang Fan , Yang Fang , Wang Guoyong , Xi Wenyuan , Zhang Chaoshuo , Wang Han 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin (AMX) and clavulanic acid (CLV) were studied in healthy cats following single intravenous and oral dosage of 10 mg/kg of AMX and 2.5 mg/kg of CLV. The drug concentrations in plasma were determined by a high‐performance liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS) method validated for canine plasma and further subjected to noncompartmental analysis. After intravenous injection, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was found in the volume of distribution of these two compounds. In addition, AMX and CLV were both rapidly eliminated from plasma with a clearance of 0.453 and 0.921 L hr−1 kg−1, respectively; however, a quicker elimination was observed for CLV (p < 0.01). After oral administration, both drugs were characterized by rapid absorption with an absorption half‐life of 1.10 and 0.70 hr for AMX and CLV, respectively. Significant differences were observed between their absorption rates (p < 0.05). However, the oral bioavailabilities of AMX and CLV (75.57% and 98.15%, respectively) were not statistically different (p > 0.05). A total intravenous or oral dose at 12.5 mg/kg of AMX and CLV (4:1) is predicted to be effective for treating those bacterial species isolated from cats with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ≤0.25 μg/ml for 12 hr, based on a time above the MIC (T > MIC) of 40%.
Determinants of spatial patterns of canopy tree species in a tropical evergreen forest in Gabon
Authors: Engone Obiang Nestor Laurier , Kenfack David , Picard Nicolas , Lutz James A. , Bissiengou Pulchérie , Memiaghe Hervé R. , Alonso Alfonso 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuestionsWe examined the spatial patterns of dominant canopy species in a tropical forest to investigate: (a) what is the niche occupancy of canopy species with respect to topographic gradients; (b) what are the dominant ecological processes that explain their distribution; (c) what are the interactions among the most prevalent canopy species; and (d) what are the interactions between canopy species adults and juveniles trees?LocationRabi permanent CTFS‐ForestGEO plot, Gabon.MethodsWe selected the four most abundant canopy species and one timber species. We used Berman's test to determine the effect of three topographic variables on the distribution of each species and univariate analysis to model the spatial pattern of each species using either an inhomogeneous Poisson process or an inhomogeneous Cox process. We also used a bivariate form of the pair correlation function (PCF) to determine the spatial interaction between species and the correlation among conspecific adult and juvenile trees.ResultsFour of the five species had aggregated spatial patterns whileLophira alatashowed spatial randomness. Most of the variance in the local tree density was explained by within‐population dispersal processes rather than environmental factors. Bivariate PCF tests showed significant segregation between species associations. Two species exhibited aggregation at small distances between young and adult trees, while others showed either complete spatial randomness at small inter‐tree distances or segregation at large distances.ConclusionsThis study showed that the spatial pattern in the majority of canopy species was aggregation. Seed dispersal limitation mainly explained the observed aggregation pattern. Habitat filtering, as evidenced by the influence of topographic variables on niche occupancy, marginally, yet significantly, explained this pattern. The different spatial patterns of the principal species permit their coexistence. Spatial segregation among adult and juvenile trees reveals a strong pattern of either species‐specific seed predation or pathogens.
Trehalose protects Escherichia coli against carbon stress manifested by protein acetylation and aggregation
Authors: Moruno Algara María , Kuczyńska‐Wiśnik Dorota , Dębski Janusz , Stojowska‐Swędrzyńska Karolina , Sominka Hanna , Bukrejewska Małgorzata , Laskowska Ewa 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe disaccharide trehalose is widely distributed in nature and can serve as a carbon reservoir, a signaling molecule for controlling glucose metabolism and a stress protectant. We demonstrated that in Escherichia coli ΔotsA cells, which are unable to synthesize trehalose, the aggregation of endogenous proteins during the stationary phase was increased in comparison to wild‐type cells. The lack of trehalose synthesis boosted Nε‐lysine acetylation of proteins, which in turn enhanced their hydrophobicity and aggregation. This increased Nε‐lysine acetylation could result from carbon overflow and the accumulation of acetyl phosphate caused by the ΔotsA mutation. These findings provide a better understanding of the previously reported protective functions of trehalose in protein stabilization and the prevention of protein aggregation. Our results indicate that trehalose may participate in proteostasis not only as a chemical chaperone but also as a metabolite that indirectly counteracts detrimental protein acetylation. We propose that trehalose protects E. coli against carbon stress – the synthesis and storage of trehalose can prevent carbon overflow, which otherwise is manifested by protein acetylation and aggregation.
Failure to report poor care as a breach of moral and professional expectation
Authors: Ion Robin , Olivier Stephen , Darbyshire Philip 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCases of poor care have been documented across the world. Contrary to professional requirements, evidence indicates that these sometimes go unaddressed. For patients, the outcomes of this inaction are invariably negative. Previous work has either focused on why poor care occurs and what might be done to prevent it, or on the reasons why those who are witness to it find it difficult to raise their concerns. Here, we build on this work but specifically foreground the responsibilities of registrants and students who witness poor care. Acknowledging the challenges associated with raising concerns, we make the case that failure to address poor care is a breach of moral expectation, professional requirement and, sometimes, legal frameworks. We argue that reporting will be more likely to take place if those who wish to enter the profession have a realistic view of the challenges they may encounter. When nurses are provided with robust and applied education on ethics, when “real‐world” cases and exemplars are used in practice and when steps are taken to develop and encourage individual moral courage, we may begin to see positive change. Ultimately however, significant change is only likely to take place where practice cultures invite and welcome feedback, promote critical reflection, and where strong, clear leadership support is shown by those in positions of influence across organisations.
PTCH1 alterations are frequent but other genetic alterations are rare in sporadic odontogenic keratocysts
Authors: Qu Jiafei , Zhang Jianyun , Zhang Heyu , Li Xuefen , Hong Yingying , Zhai Jiemei , Wang Yanjin , Chen Feng , Li Tiejun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveOdontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are benign jaw lesions with high growth potential and propensity for recurrence. Our previous study revealed that PTCH1 mutations, which were frequently detected in sporadic OKCs, might be underestimated due to the masking effect of the stromal components within the tested tissues. We aimed to confirm these results in larger scale and further present the unbiased view of the genomic basis of sporadic OKCs except PTCH1.Materials and methodsWe analyzed PTCH1 mutations in additional 19 samples. Using whole‐exome sequencing (WES), we further characterized the mutational landscape of five sporadic OKC samples lacking PTCH1 mutation and loss of heterozygosity (LOH).ResultsCombined with our previously reported 19 cases, thirty of 38 (79%) cases harbored PTCH1 mutations. Through whole‐exome sequencing and integrative analysis, 22 novel mutations were confirmed among five PTCH1‐negative samples. No recurrent mutations were identified in the WES samples and validation cohort of 10 OKCs.ConclusionsOur data further confirmed the frequent PTCH1 mutation and other rare genetic alterations in sporadic OKCs, highlighting the central role of SHH signaling pathway. In PTCH1‐negative cases, other rare mutations scattered in a subset of OKCs were independent of the SHH pathway. These results suggested that an SHH inhibitor may be effective to treat the majority of OKCs.
LINE‐1 methylation in cleft lip tissues: Influence of infant MTHFR c.677C>T genotype
Authors: Khan Mohammad Faisal J. , Little Julian , Aleotti Valentina , Mossey Peter A. , Steegers‐Theunissen Régine P. M. , Autelitano Luca , Meazzini Maria C. , Ravaei Amin , Rubini Michele 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the influence of MTHFR c.677C>T genotype on LINE‐1 methylation in lateral and medial tissues from cleft lip (CL).MethodsForty‐five consecutive non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) cases were included in the study. Genomic DNA was extracted from tissues at both sides of cleft lip, and LINE‐1 methylation was detected by bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing. MTHFR c.677C>T genotyping was carried out using the TaqMan genotyping assay.ResultsLINE‐1 methylation level was significantly higher on medial side of cleft lip compared with lateral side (p = 0.001). This difference was not significantly influenced by the case's sex or cleft type. However, MTHFR c.677C>T genotyping revealed that the difference in LINE‐1 methylation across cleft lip was restricted to carriers of C allele of MTHFR c.677C>T and was not apparent in TT homozygous cases (p = 0.027).ConclusionThis integrated analysis supports the previous finding of differences in DNA methylation across the two sides of cleft lip and further suggests a possible role of MTHFR c.677C>T genotype in establishing this difference.
Modeling of Distributed Generators Resilience Considering Lifeline Dependencies During Extreme Events
Authors: Krishnamurthy Vaidyanathan , Kwasinski Alexis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article derives distributed generators resilience models considering lifeline dependencies during extreme events. The effects on power resilience of storage capacity, fuel delays, and fuel order placements are analyzed. Results indicate that storage capacity has an important role in improving overall power supply resilience as seen by loads. In addition, the presented models provide a quantifiable approach in evaluating fuel delivery resilience. The models facilitate studying fuel scheduling policies and local fuel storage sizing for specified resilience requirements. It is observed that tank autonomy greatly affects the flexibility in employing scheduling policies supplying fuel to generators. Resilience dependence on buffer autonomy is high during the first few days of extreme events, and this could have considerable effects on managing evacuations and rescue operations.
The Influence of General Strikes against Government on Stock Market Behavior
Authors: Wisniewski Tomasz Piotr , Lambe Brendan John , Dias Alexandra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUsing a sample of 76 countries, this paper examines the impact of major strikes against government and its policies on stock market behavior. An occurrence of a general strike is detrimental to the value of equities, as documented by the ceteris paribus 6.11% fall in dollar‐denominated stock market indices of the affected countries. This event is also accompanied by a statistically significant increase in risk, as measured by the standard deviation of returns and Value‐at‐Risk metrics. Taken together, these results imply that general strikes have serious ramifications for stock market investors.
Threatening Places or Diverse Spaces: Divergent Constructions of Florida Puerto Ricans across Twitter and Newspaper Articles
Authors: Dhuman Giron Stephanie A. , Vargas Nicholas 
Published: June 2019

This study examines constructions of Puerto Ricans across two different media forms: newspaper articles and Twitter. We use Poinciana, Florida, a Central Florida Puerto Rican enclave, as a means to examine these constructions. Because of the high concentration of Puerto Rican residents and unprecedented migration to the area, Poinciana is an ideal community to examine media constructions of a migrant group. Utilizing constructivist grounded theory, we analyze all published newspaper articles (1995–2016) and public Twitter posts (2009–2016) about Puerto Ricans in the region (N = 174). We find newspaper articles construct mostly benign views of Puerto Ricans, reflecting “Happy Talk” diversity discourse, while Twitter constructions present more negative portrayals, generally relating to population size, and often reflecting a racist ideology reminiscent of the Latino Threat Narrative. We conclude by detailing the significance of divergent constructions across media forms during a period of heightened migration, and how the type of media consumed by Puerto Ricans in this community known as “Little Puerto Rico” is likely to influence their perceived level of societal acceptance.
The Evolution of Attitudes on Same‐Sex Marriage in the United States, 1988–2014
Authors: Daniels R. Steven 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThis article assesses the evolution of U.S. opinion on same‐sex marriage.MethodsThe analysis used multinomial regression on same‐sex marriage questions from eight surveys with more than 34,000 respondents by the Pew Research Center and the National Opinion Research Center (NORC) between 1988 and 2014. Multinomial logistic regression analysis tested five hypotheses about the effects of ideology, partisanship, religious intensity, contact with gays and lesbians, and education on support or opposition to same‐sex marriage over three separate periods (1988, 2003–2013, 2013–2014).ResultsReligious intensity, ideology, partisanship, contact with gays or lesbians, the Millennial generation, and being born again influenced opinion on same‐sex marriage. Differences by region and religious affiliation declined in relative influence, whereas differences by religious and political values increased between 1988 and 2014. Support increased steadily from 1988.ConclusionOpinion on same‐sex marriage has shifted across all groups, but the increased gap in opinion presages continuing conflict.
Interval decline in hemoglobin A is associated with annual clinical event rate in sickle cell anemia patients receiving maintenance apheresis RBC exchange
Authors: Kamyszek Reed W. , Raval Jay S. , Srinivasan Amudan J. , Ansari Andrea K. , Evans Brooke A. , Rollins‐Raval Marian A. , Poisson Jessica L. , Shah Nirmish R. , Welsby Ian J. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDApheresis red blood cell (RBC) exchange (RCE) is a standard intervention for patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) who have had previous thromboembolic stroke or intractable chronic pain. Replacing sickling cells with those containing hemoglobin A (HbA) minimizes microvascular pathophysiology that produces clinical crises. Limited data exist regarding the interval changes in HbA between transfusions. We sought to describe the HbA decrement between RCE procedures and its relationship to clinical status.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSCA patients (all hemoglobin SS disease) treated with maintenance RCE (n = 21) over a 15‐month period at two neighboring institutions were retrospectively reviewed. Time‐normalized daily HbA decrement was calculated to reflect loss of transfused RBCs, and annual events of either emergency department or hospital admissions for SCA complications were noted. Associations between HbA decrement and laboratory measures were calculated using mixed linear regression models and unpaired t test was used to compare HbA decrement between high and low event rate groups.RESULTSA total of 31 events were recorded, and mean HbA decrement per day was 0.77 ± 0.16%. The mean interval between RCEs was 36 ± 12 days. Patients with more annual events exhibited a significantly greater daily HbA decrement (p = 0.007). No significant association between RBC unit age and HbA decrement or annual event rate was observed.CONCLUSIONSPatients exhibiting greater daily HbA decrement were more likely to have multiple emergency department visits or admissions for sickling crises. Modulating HbA decrement may merit study as an intermediate metric for interventions to improve outcomes in hemoglobin SS disease.
Fossil collections and mapping the Silurian: An example from Scandinavia
Authors: Diemer John A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
From 1840 to 1845, Roderick Murchison (1792–1871), an accomplished geologist who was instrumental in developing the Paleozoic portion of the geologic time scale, traveled in Europe, Scandinavia, and Russia, where he documented the occurrence and extent of the Silurian, Devonian, and Permian Systems. A key component of his fieldwork methodology was to examine fossils in both private collections and public museums to assess the types of fossils that occur in a region, in order to guide and expedite his mapping efforts. While working in Scandinavia, he examined fossil collections in Copenhagen, Oslo, Stockholm, Upsala, and Visby, and those collections clearly influenced his choice of travel routes and, ultimately, the geologic map (plate VI) in The Geology of Russia (Murchison et al., 1845). Furthermore, he was able to compare the Scandinavian fossils to British collections, thereby confirming the age of the strata he was mapping. The results of Murchison’s work appeared in numerous papers as well as two major books, The Geology of Russia (Murchison et al., 1845) and Siluria (Murchison, 1854), thereby advancing knowledge of Scandinavian stratigraphy. Not only were the fossil collections in the museums of his day essential to Murchison’s scientific research, but collections of documents in modern archives are invaluable in reconstructing his movements, observations, and discoveries more than 170 years ago, thereby demonstrating the utility of collections and museums to the construction of knowledge.
Exhibiting life history at the Paris Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle (nineteenth–twenty-first centuries)
Authors: Cohen Claudine 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The notion of a history of life has been the subject of extensive debates in France, from the turn of the nineteenth century to the dawn of the twentieth century and beyond. In this paper, I analyze how the organization of buildings and collections within the Paris National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), and their successive transformations up to the present, have reflected concepts and controversies over this history. After a brief overview of the constitution of the Museum, this chapter studies the organization of the Museum’s paleontological, zoological, and comparative anatomy collections, and the devices through which scientific ideas and debates about evolution have been displayed and presented to the public.
This paper will focus more particularly on the settings of three major collections of zoological specimens: (1) Georges Cuvier’s “Museum of Comparative Anatomy,” which was opened to the public in 1806; (2) the Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy Gallery, which was founded by Albert Gaudry in 1898; and (3) the Great Gallery of Evolution, which was inaugurated in 1994. I will argue that organizing these exhibits involved theoretical choices, taxonomic methods, scientific practices and rhetoric of displays, as well as ideological choices that connected natural history to its intellectual and sociopolitical background.
Through the examination of these different settings over a period of more than two centuries and their present use, I will question today’s choices of the Paris Museum regarding the meaning and roles of these galleries, involving patrimonial conservation, public entertainment, and diffusion of scientific knowledge in the public.
The museums of Philadelphia
Authors: Newcomb Sally 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The museums of Philadelphia are noted for both their variety and their longevity. Some of these institutions have been present since before the American Revolution and reflect the continuity within a population for which education was always a predominant goal. Others have arisen over subsequent centuries in response to various needs. Some, such as the American Philosophical Society and the Fairmont Water Works, are eighteenth-century institutions that relatively lately acquired a more formal museum format. Colonial interest in natural history, mineralogy, and natural resources with collateral maps and papers makes them a prime resource for historians of geology. All of these institutions reflect the nature of the museum movement itself from often private or privileged collections to those both welcoming the public and serving as sturdy arms of education. Historians of geology will find maps, instruments, collections, books, and personal and government papers that are of much interest.