bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Livestock-Associated Methicillin ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin pig farms networks: insight from mathematical modeling and French data
Authors: Bastard Jonathan , Andraud Mathieu , Chauvin Claire , Glaser Philippe , Opatowski Lulla , Temime Laura 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLivestock-associated methicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus(LA-MRSA) colonizes livestock animals worldwide, especially pigs and calves. Although frequently carried asymptomatically, LA-MRSA can cause severe infections in humans. It is therefore important to better understand LA-MRSA spreading dynamics within pig farms and over pig farms networks, and to compare different strategies of control and surveillance. For this purpose, we propose a stochastic meta-population model of LA-MRSA spread along the French pig-farm network (n=10,542 farms), combining within- and between-farms dynamics, based on detailed data on breeding practices and pig exchanges between holdings. We calibrate the model using French epidemiological data. We then identify farm-level factors associated with the spreading potential of LA-MRSA in the network. We also show that, assuming control measures applied in a limited (n=100) number of farms, targeting farms depending on their centrality in the network is the only way to significantly reduce LA-MRSA global prevalence. Finally, we investigate the scenario of emergence of a new LA-MRSA strain, and find that the farms with the highest indegree would be the best sentinels for a targeted surveillance of such a strain’s introduction.
Influence of Salt Stress on the flg22 Induced ROS Production in Arabidopsis Thaliana Leaves
Authors: Rashid Amrahov Nurlan , Janda Martin , Mahmud Mammadov Ziaddin , Valentová Olga , Burketová Lenka , Alekber Quliyev Akif 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn their natural habitats, plants have to cope with multiple stress factors triggering respective response pathways, leading to mutual interference. Our work aimed to study the effect of salt stress in combination with immune response triggered by microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) in Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 plants. We measured ROS production after treatment with flg22 and the influence of concomitant salt stress (NaCl and Na2CO3).The maximum combined effect of NaCl solution and flg22 on ROS production was achieved at 6 mM salt, which was almost 2 times higher than the single effect of MAMP. A similar maximum combined effect with Na2CO3 was observed at 10 mM concentration. High concentration of NaCl and Na2CO3 was accompanied with declining of ROS production, which was completely inhibited at 150 mM of NaCl and at 50 mM of Na2CO3.The immediate and long term (24 h) effect of NaCl on leaf tissue of Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the impact of salt stress on flg22induced ROS production probably did not affect the genetic aspects of the tissue response, but was associated with ionic and osmotic stresses. Experiments with mannitol, KCl and CaCl2 allowed to conclude that the observed effect was due to the ionic stress of the salt rather than the osmotic one.
VHUT-cryo-FIB, a method to fabricate frozen-hydrated lamella of tissue specimen for in situ cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Danyang , Sun Lei , Ji Gang , Huang Xiaojun , Niu Tongxin , Sun Fei 
Published: August 2019

ABSTACTCryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) provides a promising technique to study high resolution structures of macromolecules in situ, opening a new era of structural biology. One major bottleneck of this technique is to prepare suitable cryo-lamellas of cell/tissue samples. The emergence of cryo-focused ion beam (cryo-FIB) milling technique provides a good solution of this bottleneck. However, there are still large limitations of using cryo-FIB to prepare cryo-lamella of tissue specimen because the thickness of tissue increases the difficulty of specimen freezing and cryo-FIB milling. Here we report a new workflow, VHUT-cryo-FIB (Vibratome - High pressure freezing - Ultramicrotome Trimming – cryo-FIB), aiming for efficient preparation of frozen hydrated tissue lamella for subsequent cryo-ET data collection. This workflow includes tissue slicing using vibratome, high pressure freezing, ultramicrotome cryo-trimming, cryo-FIB milling and the subsequent cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The modification of equipment in this workflow is highly eliminated. We developed two strategies with a special cryo-holder tip or carrier for loading cryo-lamella into side entry cryo-holder or Autoloader catridge. We tested this workflow using the tissue sample of rat skeleton muscle and spinach leaf and collected high quality cryo-ET tilt series, which enabled us to obtain an in situ structure of spinach ribosome by sub-tomogram averaging.
Using QSARs for predictions in drug delivery
Authors: Rivera-Delgado Edgardo , Xin Alison , von Recum Horst A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrug delivery research is an inherently empirical process, however high-throughput approaches could take advantage of understanding drug/material interactions such as from electrostatic, hydrophobic, or other non-covalent interactions between therapeutic molecules and a drug delivery polymer. Cyclodextrin polymers have been investigated for drug delivery specifically due to their capacity to exploit this affinity interaction to change the rate of drug release. Testing drug candidates; however, for affinity is time-consuming, making computational predictions more effective. One option, molecular "docking" programs, provide predictions of affinity, but lack reliability, as their accuracy with cyclodextrin remains unverified experimentally. Alternatively, quantitative structure-activity relationship models (QSARs), which analyze statistical relationships between molecular properties, appear more promising. Previously constructed QSARs for cyclodextrin are not publicly available, necessitating an openly accessible model. Around 600 experimental affinities between cyclodextrin and guest molecules were cleaned and imported from published research. The software PaDEL-Descriptor calculated over 1000 chemical descriptors for each molecule, which were then analyzed in R to create several QSARs with different statistical methods. These QSARs proved highly time efficient, calculating in minutes what docking programs would take hours to accomplish. Additionally, on test sets, QSARs reached R2values of around 0.7-0.8. The speed, accuracy, and accessibility of these QSARs improve evaluation of individual drugs and facilitate screening of large datasets for potential candidates in cyclodextrin affinity-based delivery systems. An app was built to rapidly access model predictions for end users using the "shiny" library in R. To demonstrate the usability for drug release planning, the QSAR predictions were coupled with a mechanistic model of diffusion within the app. Integrating new modules should provide an accessible approach to use other cheminformatic tools in the field of drug delivery.
Effects of Gamma Irradiation Against Mating Competitiveness of Male Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera:Culicidae) in Laboratory
Authors: Ramadhani T , Hadi UK , Soviana S , Irawati Z , Rahayu A , Sunaryo  , Prastawa A , Mallongi A 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTCulex quinquefasciatus is the main vector of lymphatic filariasis in Pekalongan City. Sterile Insect Tehnique (SIT) could be complementary vector control for filariasis. The key success of the technique depend on the ability of laboratory-reared sterile males with the wild-type females.The aim of the research was to determine the mating competitiveness, the fecundity and the fertility of sterile male Culex quinquefasciatus. The pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were gamma irradiated at the doses of 60Gy, 70Gy, and 80Gy, while unirradiated pupae were prepared as control. The mosquitoes emerging from the irradiated pupae could mate with a normal female in the cages. It were observed for the mean female laying eggs, the fecundity, the fertility and the mating competitiveness. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. The result showed that the irradiated Cx. quinquefasciatus at the doses tested did not affect on the fecundity and the mating competitiveness, but the fertility was disturbed (sterile). A dose of 70 Gy was the optimum dose or a fertility rate of 1.8% (98.2% sterile), and the value of competitiveness (C index) was 0.568. Based on the result, the irradiated Cx. quinquefasciatus can be recommended for semifield application.
Trans-epithelial Fluid Pumping Performance of Renal Epithelial Cells and Mechanics of Cystic Expansion
Authors: Choudhury Mohammad Ikbal , Li Yizeng , Mistriotis Panagiotis , Dixon Eryn E. , Yang Jing , Maity Debonil , Walker Rebecca , Benson Morgen , Martin Leigha , Koroma Fatima , Qian Feng , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Woodward Owen M. , Sun Sean X. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing a novel microfluidic platform to recapitulate fluid absorption activity of kidney cells, we report that renal epithelial cells can actively generate hydraulic pressure gradients across the epithelium. The fluidic flux declines with increasing hydraulic pressure until a stall pressure, at which the fluidic flux vanishes--in a manner similar to mechanical fluidic pumps. The developed pressure gradient translates to a force of 50-100 nanoNewtons per cell. For normal human kidney cells, the fluidic flux is from apical to basal, and the pressure is higher on the basal side. For human polycystic kidney disease (PKD) cells, the fluidic flux is reversed from basal to apical with a significantly higher stall pressure. Molecular studies and proteomic analysis reveal that renal epithelial cells are highly sensitive to hydraulic pressure gradients, developing different expression profiles and spatial arrangements of ion exchangers and the cytoskeleton in different pressure conditions. These results, together with data from osmotic and pharmacological perturbations of fluidic pumping, implicate mechanical force and hydraulic pressure as important variables during morphological changes in epithelial tubules, and provide further insights into pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of high luminal pressure within renal cysts.
Oxygen tension regulates lysosomal activation and receptor tyrosine kinase degradation
Authors: Hong Jaewoo , Wuest Todd R. , Min Yongfen , Lin P. Charles 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOxygen sensing is crucial for adaptation to variable habitats and physiological conditions. Low oxygen tension, or hypoxia, is a common feature of solid tumors and hypoxic tumors are often more aggressive and resistant to therapy. Here we show that, in mammalian tissue culture cells, hypoxia suppressed lysosomal acidification/activation and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) degradation. Hypoxia down-regulated mTORc1, reducing its ability to activate transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of v-ATPase, the lysosomal proton pump. Hypoxia prevented epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation in tumor tissues, whereas activation of lysosomes enhanced tumor cell response to anti-EGFR treatment. Our results link oxygen tension and lysosomal activity, provide a molecular explanation of the malignant phenotype associated with hypoxic tumors, and suggest activation of lysosomes may provide therapeutic benefit in RTK-targeted cancer therapy.One Sentence SummaryHypoxia suppresses lysosomal activation and proteolysis.
ZIP-5/bZIP transcription factor regulation of folate metabolism is critical for aging axon regeneration
Authors: Lakhina Vanisha , McReynolds Melanie , Grimes Daniel T. , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Burdine Rebecca D. , Murphy Coleen T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAging is associated with reduced capacity for tissue repair, perhaps the most critical of which is a decline in the ability of aged neurons to recover after injury. Identifying factors that improve the regenerative ability of aging neurons is a prerequisite for therapy design and remains an enormous challenge, yet many of the genes that play a role in regeneration of youthful axons do not regulate axon regeneration in older animals2,9, highlighting the need to identify aging-specific regeneration mechanisms. Previously, we found that increased DAF-16/FOXO activity enhances the regenerative ability of mechanosensory axons in aged animals9. Here we show that DAF-16/FOXO mediates its pro-regenerative effects by upregulating folate metabolism genes via the ZIP-5 bZIP transcription factor. Remarkably, dietary folic acid supplementation improves the regeneration of aging C. elegans axons. Enzymes regulating folate metabolism are also up-regulated in regenerating zebrafish fins, and we show that dietary folic acid supplementation post-amputation enhances fin regrowth in aging zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that boosting folate metabolism is a conserved and non-invasive approach to increase the regenerative capacity of aging neurons and tissues. Given that lower folate status has been linked with reduced cognition in the elderly17, maintaining optimal folate metabolism may be a general strategy to achieve healthy brain aging.
Case-based modeling: fostering expertise development and small group learning
Authors: Lyons Paul , Bandura Randall P. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to present a detailed explication of a learner-centered instructional approach for adults labeled case-based modeling (CBM). The approach is an example of integrative pedagogy aimed at expertise development and is an extension of other instructional approaches, namely, problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL).

Design/methodology/approach
The design of the paper contains several integrated components to include: an explanation of the needs and characteristics of the adult learner, comparisons of CBM with both PBL and CBL, a complete theory grounding of the method, a detailed expression of the entire CBM method (phases and steps) for explanation and replication purposes, linkages of CBM with performance, and an empirical test of the CBM method with a sample of employees.

Findings
First, the CBM method is an extension of the well-researched methods of CBL and PBL. The script preparation and implementation phases of CBM easily could be appended to either CBL or PBL. Second, the empirical test of the CBM method demonstrates that it may be a positive, efficient tool for education/training with employees, although no significant differences were found in work performance comparisons of CBM-trained employees with traditionally trained employees.

Research limitations/implications
The empirical examination has some limitations to include: relatively small sample sizes, lack of demonstration of clear linkage between measures of training performance and measures of job performance, and variations in working conditions of participants.

Originality/value
The CBM approach offers to HR practitioners and persons involved with training an efficient yet comprehensive method. The method makes use of script development for the implementation of various interventions, which stimulate performance improvement and development of expertise.
What does healthy eating mean? Australian teachers’ perceptions of healthy eating in secondary school curricula
Authors: Boddy Gail , Booth Alison , Worsley Anthony 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Teachers disseminate food knowledge and skills in secondary school curricula that provide essential skills for a healthy life. The purpose of this paper is to explore Australian secondary school teachers’ views of healthy eating and their sources of information in planning their food, nutrition and health curriculum.

Design/methodology/approach
Secondary school teachers’ perceptions were explored through semi-structured, in-depth interviews that were de-identified and transcribed verbatim. Codes were ascribed to sections of the transcripts and throughout the process of inductive thematic analysis. The teachers’ responses were grouped into five main themes: approaches to teaching healthy eating, sources of food and nutrition information, curriculum planning, teaching goals and teacher career influences.

Findings
The teachers were clear about the aims and importance of teaching healthy eating in an experiential curriculum. They reported that teaching healthy eating assists the health and well--being of adolescents and their families. The effectiveness of current teaching in Australian secondary schools may be compromised by the positioning of food, nutrition and health topics in two separate curriculum areas: technologies and health and physical education, and competing school priorities and resources that limit the students’ exposures to food curricula. The teachers sourced food information from online websites, popular culture and social media. Their knowledge and views of healthy eating appeared to be associated with their interests, life experiences, education and employment histories.

Practical implications
These findings can assist with health promotion and education policy development. They can assist the design of healthy eating curriculum approaches for secondary schools and professional development courses for teachers, which will foster healthy food habits for adolescents, and their families in the future.

Originality/value
Secondary school teacher perceptions of the place of healthy eating in food, and nutrition curricula have been under examined.
Large eddy simulation of an axial pump with coupled flow rate calculation using the sharp interface immersed boundary method
Authors: Haji Mohammadi Mohammad , Brinkerhoff Joshua R. 
Published: August 2019

PurposeTurbomachinery, including pumps, are mainly designed to extract/produce energy from/to the flow. A major challenge in the numerical simulation of turbomachinery is the inlet flow rate, which is routinely treated as a known boundary condition for simulation purposes but is properly a dependent output of the solution. As a consequence, the results from numerical simulations may be erroneous due to the incorrect specification of the discharge flow rate. Moreover, the transient behavior of the pumps in their initial states of startup and final states of shutoff phases has not been studied numerically. This paper aims to develop a coupled procedure for calculating the transient inlet flow rate as a part of the solution via application of the control volume method for linear momentum. Large eddy simulation of a four-blade axial hydraulic pump is carried out to calculate the forces at every time step. The sharp interface immersed boundary method is used to resolve the flow around the complex geometry of the propeller, stator and the pipe casing. The effect of the spurious pressure fluctuations, inherent in the sharp interface immersed boundary method, is damped by local time-averaging of the forces. The developed code is validated by comparing the steady-state volumetric flow rate with the experimental data provided by the pump manufacturer. The instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields are also studied to reveal the flow pattern and turbulence characteristics in the pump flow field.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use control volume analysis for linear momentum to simulate the discharge rate as part of the solution in a large eddy simulation of an axial hydraulic pump. The linear momentum balance equation is used to update the inlet flow rate. The sharp interface immersed boundary method with dynamic Smagorinsky sub-grid stress model and a proper wall model is used.FindingsThe steady-state volumetric flow rate has been computed and validated by comparing to the flow rate specified by the manufacturer at the simulation conditions, which shows a promising result. The instantaneous and time averaged flow fields are also studied to reveal the flow pattern and turbulence characteristics in the pump flow field.Originality/valueAn approach is proposed for computing the volumetric flow rate as a coupled part of the flow solution, enabling the simulation of turbomachinery at all phases, including the startup/shutdown phase. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first large eddy simulation of a hydraulic pump to calculate the transient inlet flow rate as a part of the solution rather than specifying it as a fixed boundary condition. The method serves as a numerical framework for simulating problems incorporating complex shapes with moving/stationary parts at all regimes including the transient start-up and shut-down phases.
Evaluation of MWCNT/ethylene glycol nanofluid flow in a parabolic trough collector with glass-glass absorber tube
Authors: Kasaeian Ab , Daneshazarian Reza , Pourfayaz Fathollah , Babaei Sahar , Sheikhpour Mojgan , Nakhjavani Shima 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Because of its increased absorptance in fluid and reduced heat loss, direct absorption nanofluid (DANF) is receiving intense interest as an efficient way to harvest solar energy. This work aims to investigate, for the first time, the application of DANF in parabolic trough collectors (PTC), a promising collector for solar thermal systems.

Design/methodology/approach
A representative flow and heat transfer study of different fluids in a straight tube is conducted, and the basic energy equation and radiative transfer equations are numerically solved to obtain the fluid temperature distribution and energy conversion efficiency. Ethylene glycol (EG) and different concentrations of (i.e., 0.1-0.6 per cent) multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in EG are used as sample fluids. Four cases are studied for a traditional PTC (i.e., using metal tube) and a direct absorption PTC (i.e., using transparent tube) including a bare tube, a tube with an air-filled glass envelope and a tube with vacuumed glass envelop. The numerical results are verified by an experimental study using a copper-glass absorber tube, which reveals the good potential of DANFs.

Findings
Compared with a conventional PTC, using DANF shows an increase of 8.6 per cent and 6.5 K, respectively, in thermal efficiency and outlet temperature difference at a volume fraction (0.5 per cent) of nanoparticles. The results also show that the improvement in solar efficiency increases with increasing particle concentrations, and the vacuum insulated case has the highest efficiency.

Originality/value
In all previous studies, an important section was missing as the effect of photons on the direct solar absorption trough collector, which is considered in this study. This paper proposes a new concept of using direct solar absorption nanofluids for concentrated solar collectors and analyzes the performance of both absorptance and transmittance efficiency considerations. To reveal the potential of the new concept, an analytical model based on energy balance is developed, and two case studies are performed.