bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical effects of chewing sticks made of Salvadora persica
Authors: Albabtain Reham , Ibrahim Latifa , Bhangra Sumeet , Rosengren Alexandra , Gustafsson Anders 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe chewing sticks are widely used in many regions of Asia and Africa as a traditional tool to maintain oral hygiene. Salvadora persica L. (S. persica), also known as Arak or Miswak, a member of the salvadoraceae family. Chewing sticks, made up from S. persica, have chemical antibacterial properties and mechanical effects. The study aimed to investigate possible chemical effects of S. persica on dental plaque, sub‐gingival microbiota and gingival inflammation. In order to achieve this, we inactivated some sticks through boiling to be used as inactive, but mechanically comparable control sticks.MethodsIn a double‐blinded crossover trial, 24 patients with mild‐to‐moderate periodontitis were randomly allocated to use either fresh activated Miswak or inactivated Miswak for 3‐week period. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), visual plaque index (VPI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated before and immediately following the experimental period. Sub‐gingival plaque samples were analysed using DNA‐DNA hybridization technique. The study was repeated with the participants switching the type of Miswak they used after a 7‐week of “washout” period.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the microflora after using active and inactive Miswak. Sixteen species of bacteria showed an increase (P < 0.05) after the usage of inactive Miswak, as compared to pretreatment values. No species showed a similar change after the use of active Miswak. There were no significant differences between active and inactive Miswak regarding the registered clinical variables.ConclusionThis study has not shown any clinical effect of the chemically active Miswak, but there was a tendency towards an effect on the microflora.
Characterization of three new HLA Class I Alleles in Chinese individuals, HLA‐B*46:68,‐B*46:71,‐B*46:72
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Nanying , Dong Lina , He Yanmin , Tao Sudan , Zhang Wei , He Ji , Chen Jiangtian , Zhu Faming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThree new HLA class I alleles were described in the Chinese population. HLA‐B*46:68,‐B*46:71,‐B*46:72 alleles differ from HLA‐B*46:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 485C>T, 484A>G, 299T>A respectively.
Formation mechanism of a wrinkled and textured Al2O3‐ZrO2 nanoeutectic rapidly solidified from oxy‐acetylene flame remelting
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Gang , Ouyang Jia‐Hu , Ma Yong‐Hui , Wang Yu‐Jin , Liu Zhan‐Guo , Xie Ling‐Yun , Sun De‐Shun , Wang Ya‐Ming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA highly wrinkled and textured Al2O3‐ZrO2 nanoeutectic induced by oxy‐acetylene flame remelting was elaborated for the first time from the perspective of morphological evolution and formation mechanism. The rapidly solidified Al2O3‐ZrO2 ceramic exhibits a wrinkled cellular nanoeutectic structure with a minimum interphase spacing of 0.12 μm. The Jackson‐Hunt (JH) eutectic theory is more appropriate to predict the growth of Al2O3‐ZrO2 nanoeutectic induced by oxy‐acetylene flame remelting than the Trivedi‐Magnin‐Kurz (TMK) model. The bulk growth rate of 7.8 μm3/s is close to the theoretically predicted value of 11.0 μm3/s by the JH model. The eutectic growth rates of Al2O3‐ZrO2 with average interphase spacings of 0.12 and 0.3 μm are estimated to be 763.8 and 122.2 μm/s, respectively. Especially, a mesoscopic insight into formation mechanism of the wrinkled and textured eutectic was proposed from a three‐dimensional perspective based on both the crystal growth orientation and the airflow effect.
Suitability of existing commercial single nucleotide polymorphism chips for genomic studies in Bos indicus cattle breeds and their Bos taurus crosses
Authors: Nayee Nilesh , Sahana Goutam , Gajjar Swapnil , Sudhakar Ananthasayanam , Trivedi Kamlesh , Lund Mogens Sandø , Guldbrandtsen Bernt 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBos indicus cattle breeds are genetically distinct from Bos taurus breeds. We examined the performance of three SNP arrays, the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (777k; Illumina Inc.), the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (50k) and the GeneSeek 70k Indicus chip (75Ki; GeneSeek) in four B. indicus breeds (Gir, Kankrej, Sahiwal and Red Sindhi) and their B. taurus crosses, along with two B. taurus breeds, Holstein and Jersey. More SNPs on both Illumina SNP chips were monomorphic in B. indicus breeds (average 20.3%–29.3% on the 777k chip, 35.5%–45.5% on the 50k chip) than in Holstein (19.7% on the 777k chip, 17.1% on the 50k chip). The proportion of monomorphic SNPs on the 75Ki chip was much lower, 4% (2.8%–7%) in B. indicus breeds, while it was 33.5% in Holstein. With on average 164,357 heterozygous loci in B. indicus breeds, the 777k SNP chip has sufficient heterozygous loci to design a chip customized for B. indicus breeds. Principal component analysis clearly differentiated B. indicus from B. taurus breeds. Differentiation among B. indicus breeds was only achieved by plotting the third and fifth principal components using 777k genotype data. Admixture analysis showed that many B. indicus animals, previously believed to be of pure origin, are in fact had mixed ancestry. The extent of linkage disequilibrium showed comparatively higher effective population sizes in four B. indicus breeds compared to two B. taurus breeds. The results of admixture analyses show that it is important to assess the genomic composition of a bull before using it in a breeding programme.
Childhood adversity, health and quality of life in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Santoro A. F. , Shear S. M. , Haber A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between childhood adversity and negative health outcomes are well documented within the general population; however, this relationship has yet to be confirmed in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (I/DD). Bridging the gap between public health and I/DD research is critical in order to better understand the ways in which the health of people with I/DD are compromised by adversity and social disadvantage and to develop preventative care frameworks and health‐promoting practices specifically for adults with I/DD. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the relationships among adversity, physical health and quality of life in a sample of adults with I/DD.MethodParticipants were adults with I/DD currently residing within campus‐based residences. Demographic data, psychiatric and medical diagnoses, adverse childhood experiences scores and quality of life scores were aggregated from participants' electronic medical records. A health history form was completed for each participant based on a review of participants' medical records.ResultsResults indicated childhood adversity was significantly associated with number of chronic medical conditions (r = .35, P < .001, 95% BCa CI [.13, .53]). Childhood adversity was not significantly related to quality of life. After controlling for demographic variables, childhood adversity remained a significant predictor of health history (B = .32, P < .005, 95% BCa CI [.10, .52]), with greater adversity predicting greater medical illness.ConclusionParticipants demonstrated higher rates of childhood adversity compared with the general population, suggesting that individuals with I/DD may be particularly vulnerable to experiencing adversity during development. Childhood adversity was a significant predictor of physical illness in adults with I/DD. These findings emphasise the importance of screening for childhood adversity histories in adults with I/DD. Additionally, results demonstrate the importance of offering preventative interventions geared at preventing physical illness and promoting health in adults with I/DD with adversity and trauma backgrounds.
Use of infragluteal folds as a full‐thickness skin graft donor site for construction of the neovagina in cases of Mullerian agenesis
Authors: Özyazgan İrfan , Yontar Yalcin , Aygen Ercan M. , Aydin Ahmet 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe aims of this study were to present the results of using infragluteal folds as a skin graft donor site in cases of Mullerian agenesis undergoing full‐thickness skin graft vaginoplasty and to evaluate the outcomes of the surgical technique.MethodsDemographics and clinical parameters of 24 consecutive Mullerian agenesis patients refusing any dilatational procedure and undergoing neovaginal construction using infragluteal folds skin grafts from May 2004 to July 2015 were analyzed.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 21.5 ± 5.7 years. Five patients had nonfunctional rudimentary uterus, one patient had unilateral ovarian agenesis, one patient had unilateral renal agenesis, and one had undergone a previous vaginoplasty. There were no serious complications needing surgical or medical intervention. The depth of the neovagina in patients with a follow‐up period of more than 6 months (n = 17) varied from 7 to 12 cm. Of these patients, the sexually active ones (n = 8) did not complain of dyspareunia or vaginal dryness during sexual intercourse. The resulting scars were satisfactory and acceptable for all patients.ConclusionIt has been our practice to use infragluteal folds as a skin graft donor site for full‐thickness skin graft vaginoplasty. We believe that the results of this study demonstrate that this area is versatile and an excellent alternative to the groins and lower abdomen. Further clinical and histomorphological investigations are necessary for strong statements and results.
Subcrestal Implant Placement and Recontouring Soft Tissue Using the Erbium YAG Laser to Manage Restorative Space in Implant Overdentures
Authors: Massad Joseph , Wicks Russell , Ahuja Swati , Cagna David R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSubcrestal implant placement helps gain vertical restorative space at the location of the implants; however, this leads to the development of a tall mucosal cuff, necessitating the use of tall abutments. This article describes the technique of gaining restorative space by decreasing the height of the mucosal cuff with an Erbium YAG laser.
More Malpighiales: Woods of Achariaceae and/or Salicaceae from the Deccan Intertrappean beds, India
Authors: Srivastava Rashmi , Miller Regis B. , Baas Pieter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe families Achariaceae and Salicaceae (Malpighiales) are characterized by wood anatomical ranges that partly overlap. Formerly these families were treated together in the polyphyletic Flacourtiaceae and a much more narrowly circumscribed Salicaceae. Here we attribute two recently collected fossil woods from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds to the clade that contain these two families, i.e., the Parietal Clade of the Malpighiales. The new genus Elioxylon shares features with several extant genera of Achariaceae and Salicaceae, but does not completely match with any of them. A new record of Hydnocarpoxylon indicum Bande & Khatri is a good match for extant Hydnocarpus Gaertn. (Achariaceae). Elioxylon and Hydnocarpoxylon share an absence of parenchyma, the presence of septate fibres and 1–3 seriate heterocellular rays with long uniseriate margins consistent with Achariaceae and Salicaceae. Elioxylon has mixed simple and scalariform perforations, whereas Hydnocarpxylon has exclusively scalariform perforations. Other Deccan fossils formerly attributed to “Flacourtiaceae” in the literature are critically discussed and mostly excluded from Achariaceae and Salicaceae. Elioxylon and Hydnocarpoxylon from the Maastrichtian ‐ Danian of India are the oldest fossil records of the Parietal Clade of the Malpighiales. With their occurrence on the Indian plate during its northward journey from Gondwana to Laurasia, these fossils provide further support for an ‘out‐of‐India’ hypothesis for Achariaceae and/or Salicaceae. “Baileyan trends” in vessel perforation plate and vessel grouping evolution are apparent in the phylogeny of the Parietal Clade.
No cosmic‐ray precompaction exposure of chondrules in CR2.7 MIL 090657
Authors: Roth Antoine S. G. , Leya Ingo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCosmogenic nuclides are useful for reconstructing the cosmic‐ray precompaction exposure history of the chondritic components in the early solar system. Here, we present He and Ne isotope data for 22 chondrules and 4 matrix samples from Miller Range (MIL) 090657, which is the third most pristine Renazzo‐type (CR) carbonaceous chondrite (CR2.7). The studied samples contain variable mixtures of galactic cosmic ray (GCR)‐produced cosmogenic noble gases and trapped noble gases of presolar origin. Remarkably, all chondrules and matrix samples have within analytical uncertainty almost identical nominal 21Ne cosmic‐ray exposure (CRE) ages in the range 3.45–6.20 Ma. The nominal 3He CRE ages are mostly discordant, possibly due to partial 3H and 3He losses and/or an inaccurate correction for trapped 3He. The absence of precompaction exposure effects longer than a few Ma in MIL 090657 is at variance with data for other CR chondrites. We conclude that most CR chondrules experienced the same precompaction exposure history—although the nature of the precompaction exposure differs between the chondrites—in regions of the disk that were either exposed to or shielded from GCRs but in which exposure effects due to solar wind and/or solar cosmic rays (SCRs) were negligible. The new data do not support the X‐wind model of Shu and coworkers.
Quantitative and qualitative assessment of pollen DNA metabarcoding using constructed species mixtures
Authors: Bell Karen L. , Burgess Kevin S. , Botsch Jamieson C. , Dobbs Emily K. , Read Timothy D. , Brosi Berry J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPollen DNA metabarcoding—marker‐based genetic identification of potentially mixed‐species pollen samples—has applications across a variety of fields. While basic species‐level pollen identification using standard DNA barcode markers is established, the extent to which metabarcoding (a) correctly assigns species identities to mixes (qualitative matching) and (b) generates sequence reads proportionally to their relative abundance in a sample (quantitative matching) is unclear, as these have not been assessed relative to known standards. We tested the quantitative and qualitative robustness of metabarcoding in constructed pollen mixtures varying in species richness (1–9 species), taxonomic relatedness (within genera to across class) and rarity (5%–100% of grains), using Illumina MiSeq with the markers rbcL and ITS2. Qualitatively, species composition determinations were largely correct, but false positives and negatives occurred. False negatives were typically driven by lack of a barcode gap or rarity in a sample. Species richness and taxonomic relatedness, however, did not strongly impact correct determinations. False positives were likely driven by contamination, chimeric sequences and/or misidentification by the bioinformatics pipeline. Quantitatively, the proportion of reads for each species was only weakly correlated with its relative abundance, in contrast to suggestions from some other studies. Quantitative mismatches are not correctable by consistent scaling factors, but instead are context‐dependent on the other species present in a sample. Together, our results show that metabarcoding is largely robust for determining pollen presence/absence but that sequence reads should not be used to infer relative abundance of pollen grains.
A “Modern” Medieval Theory of Doctrinal Development: Development of Doctrine in St. Bonaventure's Collationes in Hexaemeron
Authors: Haddad Jordan A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlready in St. Bonaventure's Collationes in Hexaemeron there is a rudimentary theory of doctrinal development that confronts the historical problematic encountered most forcefully in modernity. This is the result of Bonaventure's urgent need to respond to the difficulties of Joachimism wherein Francis of Assisi is believed to have ushered in the new age of the Holy Spirit disassociated from the Bible, sacraments, and the institutional Church. In response Bonaventure elucidates an understanding of divine revelation in which new historical epochs allow the Church through the wise and holy mystic-contemplative to read more deeply of the word of God so as to gain a deeper insight into what has already been given in Jesus Christ. In this way the newness of Francis is preserved by grounding his radical way of life in continuity with the once-for-all revelation of God and the Church. In so doing Bonaventure anticipates the particularly modern historical problematic and paves a way forward that preserves the integrity of revelation centuries before the likes of John Henry Newman, Yves M-J Congar, and others.
Distinct branches of the N‐end rule pathway modulate the plant immune response
Authors: Vicente Jorge , Mendiondo Guillermina M. , Pauwels Jarne , Pastor Victoria , Izquierdo Yovanny , Naumann Christin , Movahedi Mahsa , Rooney Daniel , Gibbs Daniel J. , Smart Katherine , Bachmair Andreas , Gray Julie E. , Dissmeyer Nico , Castresana Carmen , Ray Rumiana V. , Gevaert Kris , Holdsworth Michael J. 
Published: August 2018

Summary

The N‐end rule pathway is a highly conserved constituent of the ubiquitin proteasome system, yet little is known about its biological roles.

Here we explored the role of the N‐end rule pathway in the plant immune response. We investigated the genetic influences of components of the pathway and known protein substrates on physiological, biochemical and metabolic responses to pathogen infection.

We show that the glutamine (Gln) deamidation and cysteine (Cys) oxidation branches are both components of the plant immune system, through the E3 ligase PROTEOLYSIS (PRT)6. In Arabidopsis thaliana Gln‐specific amino‐terminal (Nt)‐amidase (NTAQ1) controls the expression of specific defence‐response genes, activates the synthesis pathway for the phytoalexin camalexin and influences basal resistance to the hemibiotroph pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Pst). The Nt‐Cys ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR VII transcription factor substrates enhance pathogen‐induced stomatal closure. Transgenic barley with reduced HvPRT6 expression showed enhanced resistance to Ps. japonica and Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, indicating a conserved role of the pathway.

We propose that that separate branches of the N‐end rule pathway act as distinct components of the plant immune response in flowering plants.
Anesthesia and the developing brain: A way forward for laboratory and clinical research
Authors: Disma Nicola , O'Leary James D. , Loepke Andreas W. , Brambrink Ansgar M. , Becke Karin , Clausen Nicola G. , De Graaff Jurgen C. , Liu Fang , Hansen Tom G. , McCann Mary E. , Salorio Cynthia F. , Soriano Sulpicio , Sun Lena S. , Szmuk Peter , Warner David O. , Vutskits Laszlo , Davidson Andrew J. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAll commonly used general anesthetics have been shown to cause neurotoxicity in animal models, including nonhuman primates. Opinion, however, remains divided over how cumulative evidence from preclinical and human studies in this field should be interpreted and its translation to current practices in pediatric anesthesia and surgery. A group of international experts in laboratory and clinical sciences recently convened in Genoa, Italy, to evaluate the current state of both laboratory and clinical research and discuss future directions for basic, translational, and clinical studies in this field. This paper describes those discussions and conclusions. A central goal identified was the importance of continuing to pursue laboratory research efforts to better understand the biological pathways underlying anesthesia neurotoxicity. The distinction between basic and translational experimental designs in this field was highlighted, and it was acknowledged that it will be important for future animal research to try to causally link structural changes with long‐term cognitive abnormalities. While inherent limitations will continue to affect the ability of even large observational cohorts to determine if anesthesia impacts neurodevelopment or behavioral outcomes, the importance of conducting further large well‐designed cohort studies was also emphasized. Adequately powered cohorts could clarify which populations are at increased risk, provide information on environmental and healthcare‐related risk modifiers, and guide future interventional trials. If anesthetics cause structural or functional adverse neurological effects in young children, alternative or mitigating strategies need to be considered. While protective or mitigating strategies have been repeatedly studied in animals, there are currently no human data to support alternative anesthetic strategies in clinical practice. Lastly, it was noted that there is still considerable debate over the clinical relevance of anesthesia neurotoxicity, and the need to evaluate the impact of other aspects of perioperative care on neurodevelopment must also be considered.
In vitro behavior and UV response of melanocytes derived from carriers of CDKN2A mutations and MC1R variants
Authors: Hernando Barbara , Swope Viki B. , Guard Steven , Starner Renny J. , Choi Kevin , Anwar Ayesha , Cassidy Pamela , Leachman Sancy , Kadekaro Ana Luisa , Bennett Dorothy C. , Abdel‐Malek Zalfa A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryCoinheritance of germline mutation in cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) and loss‐of‐function (LOF) melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) variants is clinically associated with exaggerated risk for melanoma. To understand the combined impact of these mutations, we established and tested primary human melanocyte cultures from different CDKN2A mutation carriers, expressing either wild‐type MC1R or MC1RLOF variant(s). These cultures expressed the CDKN2A product p16 (INK4A) and functional MC1R. Except for 32ins24 mutant melanocytes, the remaining cultures showed no detectable aberrations in proliferation or capacity for replicative senescence. Additionally, the latter cultures responded normally to ultraviolet radiation (UV) by cell cycle arrest, JNK, p38, and p53 activation, hydrogen peroxide generation, and repair of DNA photoproducts. We propose that malignant transformation of melanocytes expressing CDKN2A mutation and MC1RLOF allele(s) requires acquisition of somatic mutations facilitated by MC1R genotype or aberrant microenvironment due to CDKN2A mutation in keratinocytes and fibroblasts.