bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotating kinky braneworlds
Authors: Niedermann Florian , Saffin Paul M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Cylindrical braneworlds have been used in the literature as a convenient way to resolve co-dimension-two branes. They are prevented from collapsing by a massless worldvolume field with non-trivial winding, but here we discuss another way of preventing collapse, which is to rotate the brane. We use a simple microscopic field theory model of a domain wall with a condensate for which rotation is a necessity, not just a nice added extra. This is due to a splitting instability, whereby the effective potential trapping the condensate is not strong enough to hold it on the defect in the presence of winding without charge.
We use analytic defect solutions in the field theory (kinky vortons) to construct a thin-wall braneworld model by including gravitational dynamics, and we allow for the rotation required by the microscopic theory. We then discuss the impact rotation has on the bulk and brane geometry, thereby providing an anchor for further cosmological investigations. Our setup naturally leads to worldvolume fields living at slightly different radii, and we speculate on the consequences of this in regard to the fermion mass-hierarchy.
Real-World Safety of Intravitreal Bevacizumab and Ranibizumab Treatments for Retinal Diseases in Thailand: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Sangroongruangsri Sermsiri , Chaikledkaew Usa , Kumluang Suthasinee , Wu Olivia , Geue Claudia , Ratanapakorn Tanapat , Leelahavarong Pattara , Ingsrisawang Lily , Ruamviboonsuk Paisan , Taweebanjongsin Wongsiri , Choovuthayakorn Janejit , Singalavanija Apichart , Hanutsaha Prut , Kulvichit Kittisak , Ratanapojnard Thitiporn , Wongsawad Warapat , Teerawattananon Yot 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background
There is very limited evidence examining serious systemic adverse events (SSAEs) and post-injection endophthalmitis of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) and intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) treatments in Thailand and low- and middle-income countries. Moreover, findings from the existing trials might have limited generalizability to certain populations and rare SSAEs.

Objectives
This prospective observational study aimed to assess and compare the safety profiles of IVB and IVR in patients with retinal diseases in Thailand.

Methods
Between 2013 and 2015, 6354 patients eligible for IVB or IVR were recruited from eight hospitals. Main outcomes measures were prevalence and risk of SSAEs, mortality, and endophthalmitis during the 6-month follow-up period.

Results
In the IVB and IVR groups, 94 and 6% of patients participated, respectively. The rates of outcomes in the IVB group were slightly greater than in the IVR group. All-cause mortality rates in the IVB and IVR groups were 1.10 and 0.53%, respectively. Prevalence rates of endophthalmitis and non-fatal strokes in the IVB group were 0.04% of 16,421 injections and 0.27% of 5975 patients, respectively, whereas none of these events were identified in the IVR group. There were no differences between the two groups in the risks of mortality, arteriothrombotic events (ATE), and non-fatal heart failure (HF). Adjustment for potential confounding factors and selection bias using multivariable models for time-to-event outcomes and propensity scores did not alter the results.

Conclusions
The rates of SAEs in both groups were low. The IVB and IVR treatments were not associated with significant risks of mortality, ATE, and non-fatal HF.

Trial Registration
Thai Clinical Trial Registry identifier TCTR20141002001.
Avoiding antisocial behavior among adolescents: The positive influence of classmates’ prosocial behavior
Authors: Hofmann Verena , Müller Christoph Michael 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionPrior research has shown that classmates' behavior serves as a descriptive norm for adolescents' individual behavior. While earlier studies primarily focused on negative peer influence, classmates' prosocial behavior might be associated with positive individual development. We hypothesized more classroom‐level prosocial behavior predicts a lower likelihood of future antisocial behavior of individual students over and above the effect of classmates' antisocial behavior. We further assumed this effect is mediated by adolescents’ attitudes toward antisocial behavior.MethodsTo test our hypotheses, we used three data collection points from a longitudinal study among lower secondary school students in Switzerland (N = 864; mean age at T1: 13.81 years; male gender: 52%). Participants completed self‐reported assessments on prosocial behavior, antisocial behavior, and antisocial attitudes. Data were analyzed using multilevel models.ResultsResults indicated higher levels of prosocial behavior among classmates predict lower levels of individual students' future antisocial behavior. However, the effect of classmates’ prosocial behavior was not mediated by individual attitudes toward antisocial behavior.ConclusionsWhile in the context of antisocial behavior the peer group is often assumed a risk, our results indicate that school peers can also exert positive influence. Hereby our finding of an effect of prosocial peer norms over and above antisocial peer norms suggests that building up prosocial behaviors in the classroom may be a promising approach for the prevention of antisocial behavior.
Don’t Ask, Do(n’t) Tell: Homeschooling in Hong Kong
Authors: ERLINGS Esther 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHong Kong’s history of compulsory schooling (as opposed to education) commenced under colonial rule and has been maintained by the local government following the 1997 Handover. Beyond the exception of “reasonable cause,” homeschooling, or elective home education, is in principle prohibited under the laws of Hong Kong. However, there is evidence of a growing homeschooling community in Hong Kong that relies on loopholes in the law and an apparent de facto government policy to operate. This article sets out the background, legal framework, and homeschooling practice in Hong Kong. It criticizes the current situation from the perspectives of legal certainty and children’s rights. The author suggests that the government should take action to devise clear laws and public policy in relation to elective home education.
UNIFORM PROCEDURES IN UNCOUNTABLE STRUCTURES
Authors: GREENBERG NOAM , MELNIKOV ALEXANDER G. , KNIGHT JULIA F. , TURETSKY DANIEL 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article contributes to the general program of extending techniques and ideas of effective algebra to computable metric space theory. It is well-known that relative computable categoricity (to be defined) of a computable algebraic structure is equivalent to having a c.e. Scott family with finitely many parameters (e.g., [1]). The first main result of the article extends this characterisation to computable Polish metric spaces. The second main result illustrates that just a slight change of the definitions will give us a new notion of categoricity unseen in the countable case (to be stated formally). The second result also shows that the characterisation of computably categorical closed subspaces of ${\Cal R}^n $ contained in [17] cannot be improved. The third main result extends the characterisation to not necessarily separable structures of cardinality κ using κ-computability.
KEISLER’S ORDER IS NOT LINEAR, ASSUMING A SUPERCOMPACT
Authors: ULRICH DOUGLAS 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe show that if there is a supercompact cardinal, then Keisler’s order is not linear. More specifically, let Tn,k be the theory of the generic n-clique free k-ary graph for any n > k ≥ 3, and let TCas be the simple nonlow theory described by Casanovas in [2]. Then we show that TCas$$Tn,k always, and if there is a supercompact cardinal then Tn,k$$TCas.
THE COMPLEXITY OF THE EMBEDDABILITY RELATION BETWEEN TORSION-FREE ABELIAN GROUPS OF UNCOUNTABLE SIZE
Authors: CALDERONI FILIPPO 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe prove that for every uncountable cardinal κ such that κ<κ = κ, the quasi-order of embeddability on the κ-space of κ-sized graphs Borel reduces to the embeddability on the κ-space of κ-sized torsion-free abelian groups. Then we use the same techniques to prove that the former Borel reduces to the embeddability relation on the κ-space of κ-sized R-modules, for every $\mathbb{S}$-cotorsion-free ring R of cardinality less than the continuum. As a consequence we get that all the previous are complete $\Sigma _1^1$ quasi-orders.
A systemic study of lipid metabolism regulation in salmon fingerlings and early juveniles fed plant oil
Authors: Jin Yang , Olsen Rolf E. , Gillard Gareth B. , Østensen Mari-Ann , Korsvoll Sven A. , Santi Nina , Vik Jon O. , Sandve Simen R. , Olsen Yngvar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn salmon farming, the scarcity of fish oil has driven a shift towards the use of plant-based oil from vegetable or seed, leading to fish feed low in long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) and cholesterol. Atlantic salmon has the capacity to synthesise both LC-PUFA and cholesterol, but little is known about the regulation of synthesis and how it varies throughout salmon life span. Here, we present a systemic view of lipid metabolism pathways based on lipid analyses and transcriptomic data from salmon fed contrasting diets of plant or fish oil from first feeding. We analysed four tissues (stomach, pyloric caeca, hindgut and liver) at three life stages (initial feeding 0·16 g, 2·5 g fingerlings and 10 g juveniles). The strongest response to diets higher in plant oil was seen in pyloric caeca of fingerlings, with up-regulation of thirty genes in pathways for cholesterol uptake, transport and biosynthesis. In juveniles, only eleven genes showed differential expression in pyloric caeca. This indicates a higher requirement of dietary cholesterol in fingerlings, which could result in a more sensitive response to plant oil. The LC-PUFA elongation and desaturation pathway was down-regulated in pyloric caeca, probably regulated bysrebp1genes. In liver, cholesterol metabolism and elongation and desaturation genes were both higher on plant oil. Stomach and hindgut were not notably affected by dietary treatment. Plant oil also had a higher impact on fatty acid composition of fingerlings compared with juveniles, suggesting that fingerlings have less metabolic regulatory control when primed with plant oil diet compared with juveniles.
Defining host range: host–parasite compatibility during the non-infective phase of the parasite also matters
Authors: Veiga Jesús , De Oña Paloma , Salazar Beatriz , Valera Francisco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHost range and parasite specificity determine key epidemiological, ecological and evolutionary aspects of host–parasite interactions. Parasites are usually classified as generalists or specialists based on the number of hosts they feed on. Yet, the requirements of the various stages of a parasite may influence the suitability of a given host species. Here, we investigate the generalist nature of three common ectoparasites (the dipteranCarnus hemapterusand two species of louse flies,Pseudolynchia canariensisandOrnithophila metallica), exploiting two avian host species (the European rollerCoracias garrulusand the Rock pigeonColumba livia), that frequently occupy the same breeding sites. We explore the prevalence and abundance of both the infective and the puparial stages of the ectoparasites in both host species. Strong preferences ofPseudolynchia canariensisfor pigeons and ofCarnus hemapterusfor rollers were found. Moderate prevalence ofOrnithophila metallicawas found in rollers but this louse fly avoided pigeons. In some cases, the infestation patterns observed for imagoes and puparia were consistent whereas in other cases host preferences inferred from imagoes differed from the ones suggested by puparia. We propose that the adult stages of these ectoparasites are more specialist than reported and that the requirements of non-infective stages can restrict the effective host range of some parasites.
Age War as the New Class War? Contemporary Representations of Intergenerational Inequity
Authors: PICKARD SUSAN 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper examines intergenerational justice discourses that feature prominently in both the contemporary UK media and beyond, arguing that these constitute both a continuation of previous debates about the economic and social burden of the dependent ‘fourth age’ and a newer and more prominent denigration of the ‘third age’, both of which possess deep cultural and psychological roots. Both themes are subsumed in the trope of the old as in some ways stealing the future of the nation, represented by youth. Analysing media depictions of intergenerational injustice across several themes, the paper suggests that, whilst justifying welfare retrenchment and other aspects of neoliberalism, the portrayal of social problems in terms of generational war emerges from age ideology and an age system that, among other things, intersects with and naturalises other forms of stratification. This partly accounts for the fact that the attack on the ‘third age’ is particularly prevalent in left of centre, or progressive, media on both sides of the Atlantic. That the age system has been overlooked and underplayed in sociological terms is an important oversight since the former materially and ideologically facilitates the ever-growing socio-economic inequality that is a feature of our times.
The acquisition of lexical tones by Cantonese–English bilingual children
Authors: MOK Peggy Pik Ki , LEE Albert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPrevious studies on bilingual children found intact tonal development at the initial stages of interaction between Cantonese and English in successive bilingual children, whereas children exposed to both languages from birth have not been studied in this regard. We examined the production of Cantonese tones by five simultaneous bilingual children longitudinally at 2;0 and 2;6, and compared them with age-matched monolingual children using auditory analysis. Our results showed that some bilingual children had a delay at 2;0, compared to their monolingual peers. Some bilingual children also exhibited a ‘high–low’ template in their production, resembling the pitch pattern of English trochaic words. These findings suggest a possible early interaction of the Cantonese and English prosodic systems in which bilingual children adopted the English stress pattern in Cantonese production. The time-point along the trajectory of phonological development is important in modulating whether cross-linguistic transfer can be observed.
Funding Empowerment: U.S. Foundations and Global Gender Equality
Authors: Irvine Jill A. , Halterman Nicholas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough U.S. private foundations provide significant and varied kinds of support for women and girls globally, we know little about the scope of foundation giving or its effects. In what ways, we ask, has foundation funding attempted to promote the empowerment of women and girls? An important critique has emerged among scholars and practitioners that funding practices often undermine women's activism and movements. We study the empirical evidence for this critique, examining funding trends internationally in the areas of capacity building, issue framing, and coalition forming from 2002 to 2013. We argue that there are reasons for both optimism and concern. On the one hand, we find that the share of funding for organizations and issues that have a political advocacy component has held steady in the past decade. On the other hand, we find trends in the opposite direction in declining shares of funding for general operating costs, leadership training, and coalition building for groups engaged in political advocacy—trends that may weaken the ability of gender equality organizations to promote enduring change.
Mafic High‐Pressure Rocks Are Preferentially Exhumed From Warm Subduction Settings
Authors: van Keken Peter E. , Wada Ikuko , Abers Geoffrey A. , Hacker Bradley R. , Wang Kelin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe oceanic crust that enters a subduction zone is generally recycled to great depth. In rare and punctuated episodes, however, blueschists and eclogites derived from subducted oceanic crust are exhumed. Compilations of the maximum pressure‐temperature conditions in exhumed rocks indicate significantly warmer conditions than those predicted by thermal models. This could be due to preferential exhumation of rocks from hotter conditions that promote greater fluid productivity, mobility, and buoyancy. Alternatively, the models might underestimate the forearc temperatures by neglecting certain heat sources. We compare two sets of global subduction zone thermal models to the rock record. We find that the addition of reasonable amounts of shear heating leads to less than 50 °C heating of the oceanic crust compared to models that exclude this heat source. Models for young oceanic lithosphere tend to agree well with the rock record. We test the hypothesis that certain heat sources may be missing in the models by constructing a global set of models that have high arbitrary heat sources in the forearc. Models that satisfy the rock record in this manner, however, fail to satisfy independent geophysical and geochemical observations. These combined tests show that the average exhumed mafic rock record is systematically warmer than the average thermal structure of mature modern subduction zones. We infer that typical blueschists and eclogites were exhumed preferentially under relatively warm conditions that occurred due to the subduction of young oceanic lithosphere or during the warmer initial stages of subduction.
Sources, Sinks, and Transport of Energetic Electrons Near Saturn's Main Rings
Authors: Roussos E. , Kollmann P. , Krupp N. , Paranicas C. , Dialynas K. , Jones G. H. , Mitchell D. G. , Krimigis S. M. , Cooper J. F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe inner boundary of Saturn's electron radiation belts, near the planet's A ring (∼2.27 Rs), is studied using Cassini's proximal orbit measurements. We find that variable convective flows transport energetic electrons to the A ring, which absorbs them instantaneously, forming the inner belt boundary. These flows are also responsible for a variable and longitudinally asymmetric boundary configuration. Prenoon, the boundary oscillates toward and away from the A ring with a 2‐week period. Postnoon, it maps persistently near the F ring (∼2.32 Rs) and coexists with localized MeV electron intensity enhancements (microbelts). We propose that the microbelts contain electrons in drift resonance with corotation, trapped in local time‐confined trajectories, which result from the aforementioned convective flows. The microbelts' collocation with the F ring implies either a local, secondary electron production due to galactic cosmic ray collisions with F ring dust or an enhanced resonant electron trapping due to an electrodynamic interaction between the F ring and Saturn's magnetosphere.
Deformation of Electron Pitch Angle Distributions Caused by Upper Band Chorus Observed by the Arase Satellite
Authors: Kurita S. , Miyoshi Y. , Kasahara S. , Yokota S. , Kasahara Y. , Matsuda S. , Kumamoto A. , Matsuoka A. , Shinohara I. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report on deformation of electron pitch angle distributions associated with upper band chorus observed by the Arase satellite. The deformation is characterized by flux increase of 17–30 keV electrons in a narrow and oblique pitch angle range (65–80°) and by flux decrease in 7–17 keV electron flux in the smaller pitch angle range than the flux increase. Comparison of change in electron pitch angle distributions with resonant ellipses of the upper band chorus shows that the deformation appears where effective wave‐particle interaction is expected in the velocity space, and the flux increase takes place along the resonant ellipse of the upper frequency of the wave. This strongly suggests that the deformation is a consequence of wave‐particle interactions between electrons and upper band chorus. The Arase observation demonstrates that the deformation occurs within 30 s, which is faster than expected from the quasi‐linear diffusion theory.
Precursors of Magnetic Flux Emergence in the Moat Flows of Active Region AR12673
Authors: Attie R. , Kirk M. S. , Thompson B. J. , Muglach K. , Norton A. A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe report on observations of magnetic disturbances in active region AR12673 between 1 and 3 September 2017 seen as a disruption of the moat flow several hours before the onset of strong flux emergence near the main sunspot. The moat flow is commonly known as a radially oriented strong outflow of photospheric plasma surrounding sunspots, which ends abruptly and thus shapes an annular pattern around the penumbra. Using highly accurate methods of tracking this photospheric flow applied to Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager data, we are able to describe the evolution of the moat surrounding the main sunspot of AR 12673. We find that several hours before the emergence of strong magnetic flux near the main sunspot, the moat boundaries are broken at these very same locations. This behavior is observed both on 1 and 3 September. There is no such behavior observed in the absence of flux emergence. These observational results pose the question of how often they occur in other active regions and whether the disruption of the moat flow might be, like in this case, an indication of impending enhanced magnetic activity or simply a coincidental event.
The anchoring effect—long-term dormancy and genetic population structure
Authors: Sundqvist Lisa , Godhe Anna , Jonsson Per R , Sefbom Josefin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Understanding the genetic structure of populations is key to revealing past and present demographic and evolutionary processes in a species. In the past decade high genetic differentiation has been observed in many microbial species challenging the previous view of cosmopolitan distribution. Populations have displayed high genetic differentiation, even at small spatial scales, despite apparent high dispersal. Numerous species of microalgae have a life-history strategy that includes a long-term resting stage, which can accumulate in sediments and serve as refuge during adverse conditions. It is presently unclear how these seed banks affect the genetic structure of populations in aquatic environments. Here we provide a conceptual framework, using a simple model, to show that long-term resting stages have an anchoring effect on populations leading to increased genetic diversity and population differentiation in the presence of gene flow. The outcome that species with resting stages have a higher degree of genetic differentiation compared to species without, is supported by empirical data obtained from a systematic literature review. With this work we propose that seed banks in aquatic microalgae play an important role in the contradicting patterns of gene flow, and ultimately the adaptive potential and population dynamics in species with long-term resting stages.