bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Area‐Efficient Resistor‐less On‐Chip Frequency Reference for Ultra‐Low Power Real‐Time Clock Application
Authors: Asano Hiroki , Hirose Tetsuya , Ozaki Toshihiro , Kuroki Nobutaka , Numa Masahiro 
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we propose a fully integrated and area‐efficient resistor‐less relaxation oscillator (ROSC) for ultra‐low power real‐time clock (RTC) applications. The proposed ROSC is based on a conventional current‐mode ROSC and is modified to be an area‐efficient circuit configuration without using resistors. The proposed ROSC consists of a temperature‐compensated bias current generator (BCG), proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) voltage source, current‐mode ROSC, shunt regulator, and output logic circuit. The BCG, PTAT voltage source, and shunt regulator are used to compensate for the temperature characteristics of the ROSC. The area of our proposed ROSC was extremely small, 0.022 mm2. Simulated results demonstrated that our proposed ROSC generates a 32.5 kHz clock frequency and achieves ultra‐low power dissipation of 271 nW. The temperature and voltage dependence of the oscillation frequency were 138 ppm/°C and 13.9 ppm/mV, respectively. Monte Carlo statistical simulations showed that the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation are 32.3, 0.6 kHz, and 1.9%, respectively. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sustainable deployment of solar irrigation pumps: Key determinants and strategies
Authors: Agrawal Shalu , Jain Abhishek 
Published: September 2018

Irrigation access is deemed critical to sustainable agricultural growth, which underpins the global food and livelihood security. Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) have emerged as a promising technology to expand irrigation access and are being deployed rapidly across several developing countries. Even as the interest in SIPs is rising, the understanding about their sustainable deployment and use remains limited. Based on a detailed literature review and semi‐structured interviews of key stakeholders, we identify and discuss 14 determinants of economically viability, socially acceptability, and environmental sustainability of SIPs, under any given context. These include crop water requirement, depth of water source, solar irradiance, scale of farming, utilization factor, cost of alternatives, system quality, after‐sales service, water use efficiency, and technology awareness, among others. Drawing from the best practices and experiences in South Asia and Sub‐Saharan Africa, we also put forward key recommendations on ways to incorporate sustainability concerns in the policies and programs for SIPs deployment. The study emphasizes that policies and programs for SIPs should focus on building awareness and trust, providing need sensitive support, priortizing areas for SIPs deployment, and ensuring long‐term sustainability.This article is categorized under:Energy and Development > Science and MaterialsEnergy and Development > Economics and PolicyEnergy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Computational model of gastric motility with active‐strain electromechanics
Authors: Brandstaeter Sebastian , Gizzi Alessio , Fuchs Sebastian L. , Gebauer Amadeus M. , Aydin Roland C. , Cyron Christian J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present an electro‐mechanical constitutive framework for the modeling of gastric motility, including pacemaker electrophysiology and smooth muscle contractility. In this framework, we adopt a phenomenological description of the gastric tissue. Tissue electrophysiology is represented by a set of two minimal two‐variable models and tissue electromechanics by an active‐strain finite elasticity approach. We numerically investigate the implication of the spatial distribution of pacemaker cells on the entrainment and synchronization of the slow waves characterizing gastric motility in health and disease. On simple schematic model geometries, we demonstrate that the proposed computational framework is amenable to large scale in‐silico analyses of the complex gastric motility including the underlying electro‐mechanical coupling.
The type IIA flux potential, 4-forms and Freed-Witten anomalies
Authors: Herráez Alvaro , Ibáñez Luis E. , Marchesano Fernando , Zoccarato Gianluca 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe compute the full classical 4d scalar potential of type IIA Calabi-Yau orientifolds in the presence of fluxes and D6-branes. We show that it can be written as a bilinear formV=ZABρAρB, where theρAare in one-to-one correspondence with the 4-form fluxes of the 4d effective theory. TheρAonly depend on the internal fluxes, the axions and the topological data of the compactification, and are fully determined by the Freed-Witten anomalies of branes that appear as 4d string defects. The quadratic formZABonly depends on the saxionic partners of these axions. In general, theρAcan be seen as the basic invariants under the discrete shift symmetries of the 4d effective theory, and therefore the building blocks of any flux-dependent quantity. All these polynomials may be obtained by derivation from one of them, associated to a universal 4-form. The standard$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1supergravity flux superpotential is uniquely determined from thismaster polynomial, and vice versa.
Effect of the EM Bokashi® Multimicrobial Probiotic Preparation on the Non-specific Immune Response in Pigs
Authors: Laskowska Ewa , Jarosz Łukasz Sebastian , Grądzki Zbigniew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of EM Bokashi® on the phagocytic activity of monocytes and granulocytes, oxidative burst, SWC3, and CD11b + CD18+ expression on monocytes and granulocytes, and the serum concentration of cytokine and lysozyme in pig. 60 Sixty female piglets were divided into two groups: I – control and II – experimental. For the experimental group, a probiotic in the form of the preparation EM Bokashi® was added to the basal feed. Flow cytometry was used to determine selected non-specific immune response parameters, intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by peripheral granulocytes and monocytes, and surface particles in peripheral blood. The EM Bokashi® preparation used in the study was found to increase phagocytic activity mainly in monocytes, with an increased percentage of phagocytic cells in the experimental group. The highest serum lysozyme concentration in the piglets in the experimental group (2.89 mg/dl), was noted on day 42 of the study. In the group of pigs receiving EM Bokashi®, the percentage of phagocytic cells with SWC3 (monocyte/granulocyte) expression was statistically significantly higher than in the control. The increase in the number of cells with SWC3 (monocyte/granulocyte) expression in the peripheral circulation in combination with the greater capacity of the cells for phagocytosis and respiratory burst confirms that the non-specific immune response was modulated in the pigs supplemented with EM Bokashi®.
Treacher Collins Syndrome: Before and After Antenatal Diagnosis by Ultrasonography
Authors: Kaur Anupriya , Kaur Ladbans , Anne Rajendra Prasad 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFetal 3D USG image showing receded jaw and small ears at 31 weeks gestation. In the family history, elder sibling had a clinical diagnosis of Treacher Collins syndrome. Parents were apparently normal; however mother’s radiograph of skull was suggestive of mild hypoplasia of zygomatic arch. As the pregnancy was more than 20 weeks it was continued till term. Second image showed the post natal correlation of the USG finding. The severe micrognathia and microtia are clearly seen. The newborn suffered severe respiratory distress and expired at 36 h of life. Around 40% of the cases of autosomal dominant Treacher Collins syndrome have an affected parent. Family history may appear to be negative because of failure to recognize the mild expression of the disorder in family members. Careful examination and investigation of parents is warranted.
C. Y. A.: frequency and causes of defensive decisions in public administration
Authors: Artinger Florian M. , Artinger Sabrina , Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDefensive decision making occurs when a manager ranks an option as the best for the organization yet deliberately chooses a second-best option that protects him or herself against negative consequences. We study 950 managers in a public administration to analyze the frequency and causes of defensive decisions. We find that at each hierarchy level defensive decisions are widespread. On average, 2.5 out of the 10 most important decisions respondents made within the last 12 months were defensive. Overall, 80% of managers indicated that they made at least one defensive decision and 17% even stated that at least half of their decisions were defensive. We identify as a major cause a team’s approach to failure, that is, whether the reaction to failure is to seek someone to blame as opposed to identifying the underlying causes in order to learn how to prevent similar failures in the future. Given that managers are often confronted with an uncertain environment where a positive outcome cannot be ascertained, such an approach to failure can lead to a severe decline in the performance of the organization.
Transnational Labour Law and the Environment: Beyond the Bounded Autonomous Worker
Authors: Seck Sara L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLabour and environmental law operate in silos. This is equally true in the transnational sphere, despite the 2011 endorsement of UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. Labour rights as human rights appear easier to grasp than environmental human rights, and the UNGPs specifically highlight the work of the ILO. Due to egregious events such as the Bangladesh Rana Plaza factory collapse, transnational governance regimes have emerged to better ensure building safety and respect for labour rights. Yet the process of production of “fast fashion” is not only a problem for workers whose health and safety are put at risk, but also for children and families who live in the vicinity of polluting factories and experience “slow death” as a result of contaminated air and water. This paper will explore how a reconceptualization of the worker as a relational being and corporeal citizen might bridge the silos.
New age controls on the tephrochronology of the southernmost Andean Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile
Authors: Weller DJ , de Porras ME , Maldonado A , Méndez C , Stern CR 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe chronology of over 50 tephra layers preserved in a lake sediment core from Laguna La Trapananda (LLT) in the southern portion of the Andean Southern Volcanic Zone (SSVZ), Chile, is constrained by new radiocarbon age determinations, which span the period from late Pleistocene glacial retreat to the late Holocene. The tephra are correlative with tephra previously described from other lake cores in the region and are attributed to explosive eruptions of the SSVZ volcanoes Mentolat, Hudson, Macá, and potentially Cay. The new age determinations are used to estimate the ages of the >50 tephra in the LLT core, as well as those from the other previously described lake cores in the area, by a Bayesian statistical method. The results constrain the frequency of explosive eruptions of the volcanic centers in the southernmost SSVZ. They indicate that there was essentially no increase in the rate of eruptions from late-glacial to recent times due to deglaciation. They also provide isochrones used to constrain the depositional histories of the small lacustrine systems within which they were deposited and they provide a tephrochronologic tool for other paleoclimatic, paleoecologic, archaeologic and tephrochronologic studies in central Patagonia.
Evaluation of retroauricular skin mobility for bone-anchored solutions
Authors: Wróbel M , Sobolewski P , Greczka G , Gawęcki W 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundA subset of patients with bone-anchored hearing aids develop skin reactions that may be related to excess skin mobility around the skin-penetrating abutments. However, there is a lack of reports on the extent of skin mobility within the retroauricular space, typical for the implant location.MethodsThis study was based on photographic analysis of the relative shifts between the skull and soft tissue of the head in the retroauricular region, detected under the physiological conditions of head support and facial muscle contraction.ResultsThe mean calculated value for skin shifts at the implant site was 5.1 mm. In 84 per cent of cases, the extent of skin shift was greater with the head at rest, by an average of 3.1 mm. The extent of skin movement during facial muscle contraction ranged between 0 mm and 8.9 mm. No direct correlations were detected between the extent and direction of skin shifts and patients’ age, gender or body mass index.ConclusionThere are no objective data that can predict individual skin movement at the osseointegrated implant site. The study confirmed high variability in terms of the direction and extent of skin shift, which should be discussed when managing related skin problems.
Depression and cause-specific mortality in an ethnically diverse cohort from the UK: 8-year prospective study
Authors: Das-Munshi Jayati , Chang Chin-Kuo , Schofield Peter , Stewart Robert , Prince Martin J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundDepression is associated with increased mortality, however, little is known about its variation by ethnicity.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of individuals with ICD-10 unipolar depression from secondary mental healthcare, from an ethnically diverse location in southeast London, followed for 8 years (2007–2014) linked to death certificates. Age- and sex- standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), with the population of England and Wales as a standard population were derived. Hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality were derived through multivariable regression procedures.ResultsData from 20 320 individuals contributing 91 635 person-years at risk with 2366 deaths were used for analyses. SMR for all-cause mortality in depression was 2.55(95% CI 2.45–2.65), with similar trends by ethnicity. Within the cohort with unipolar depression, adjusted HR (aHRs) for all-cause mortality in ethnic minority groups relative to the White British group were 0.62(95% CI 0.53–0.74) (Black Caribbean), 0.53(95% CI 0.39–0.72) (Black African) and 0.69(95% CI 0.52–0.90) (South Asian). Male sex and alcohol/substance misuse were associated with an increased all-cause mortality risk [aHR:1.94 (95% CI 1.68–2.24) and aHR:1.18 (95% CI 1.01–1.37) respectively], whereas comorbid anxiety was associated with a decreased risk [aHR: 0.72(95% CI 0.58–0.89)]. Similar associations were noted for natural-cause mortality. Alcohol/substance misuse and male sex were associated with a near-doubling in unnatural-cause mortality risk, whereas Black Caribbean individuals with depression had a reduced unnatural-cause mortality risk, relative to White British people with depression.ConclusionsAlthough individuals with depression experience an increased mortality risk, marked heterogeneity exists by ethnicity. Research and practice should focus on addressing tractable causes underlying increased mortality in depression.
Long‐Term Trends of Persistent Synoptic Circulation Events in Planetary Boundary Layer and Their Relationships With Haze Pollution in Winter Half Year Over Eastern China
Authors: Yang Yuanjian , Zheng Xiaoyi , Gao Zhiqiu , Wang Hong , Wang Tijian , Li Yubin , Lau Gabriel N. C. , Yim Steve H. L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAir quality in China has been gradually improving because of recent emission control policies, but synoptic circulations in the planetary boundary layer have become increasingly conducive to haze formation. The effect of persistent synoptic circulation (PSC) on long‐term variation in haze episodes remains to be fully elucidated. This study identified and analyzed PSC similarity and its influence on haze during the winter half year from 1961 to 2013. We analyzed sea level pressure and geopotential heights at the 850‐hPa level by using correlation coefficients and mean Hamming distance to quantify PSC similarity. A total of 1,754 PSC events were identified, of which 236 and 167 PSC events of 868 and 625 days, respectively, were associated with six polluted types and three clean types, respectively. The variations in occurrence frequencies of polluted PSC events exhibited different trends in the past decades over eastern China: an increase in 1961–1979, no obvious change in 1980–1999, and a rapid increase since 2000. The durations of polluted and clean PSC events in the planetary boundary layer over eastern China have tended to become longer and shorter, respectively, over the past decades. Our analyses suggest that the reduction in Arctic sea ice in autumn may be favorable for less cold activities and more polluted PSC events with longer durations in eastern China, positively contributing to the formation and maintenance of persistent haze pollution. This work provides convincing evidence that the occurrence frequencies and durations of haze episodes increased because of the increase in pollution‐related PSC events.
Adenylate kinase potentiates the capsular polysaccharide by modulating Cps2D in Streptococcus pneumoniae D39
Authors: Ghosh Prachetash , Luong Truc Thanh , Shah Masaud , Thach Trung Thanh , Choi Sangdun , Lee Sangho , Rhee Dong-Kwon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae is a polysaccharide-encapsulated bacterium. The capsule thickens during blood invasion compared with the thinner capsules observed in asymptomatic nasopharyngeal colonization. However, the underlying mechanism regulating differential CPS expression remains unclear. CPS synthesis requires energy that is supplied by ATP. Previously, we demonstrated a correlation between ATP levels and adenylate kinase in S. pneumoniae (SpAdK). A dose-dependent induction of SpAdK in serum was also reported. To meet medical needs, this study aimed to elucidate the role of SpAdK in the regulation of CPS production. CPS levels in S. pneumoniae type 2 (D39) increased proportionally with SpAdK levels, but they were not related to pneumococcal autolysis. Moreover, increased SpAdK levels resulted in increased total tyrosine kinase Cps2D levels and phosphorylated Cps2D, which is a regulator of CPS synthesis in the D39 strain. Our results also indicated that the SpAdK and Cps2D proteins interact in the presence of Mg-ATP. In addition, in silico analysis uncovered the mechanism behind this protein–protein interaction, suggesting that SpAdK binds with the Cps2D dimer. This established the importance of the ATP-binding domain of Cps2D. Taken together, the biophysical interaction between SpAdK and Cps2D plays an important role in enhancing Cps2D phosphorylation, which results in increased CPS synthesis.
Alpl prevents bone ageing sensitivity by specifically regulating senescence and differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Liu Wenjia , Zhang Liqiang , Xuan Kun , Hu Chenghu , Liu Shiyu , Liao Li , Li Bei , Jin Fang , Shi Songtao , Jin Yan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMutations in the liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) gene cause hypophosphatasia (HPP) and early-onset bone dysplasia, suggesting that this gene is a key factor in human bone development. However, how and whereAlplacts in bone ageing is largely unknown. Here, we determined that ablation ofAlplinduces prototypical premature bone ageing characteristics, including bone mass loss and marrow fat gain coupled with elevated expression of p16INK4A(p16) and p53 due to senescence and impaired differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Mechanistically,Alpldeficiency in MSCs enhances ATP release and reduces ATP hydrolysis. Then, the excessive extracellular ATP is, in turn, internalized by MSCs and causes an elevation in the intracellular ATP level, which consequently inactivates the AMPKα pathway and contributes to the cell fate switch of MSCs. Reactivating AMPKα by metformin treatment successfully prevents premature bone ageing inAlpl+/-mice by improving the function of endogenous MSCs. These results identify a previously unknown role ofAlplin the regulation of ATP-mediated AMPKα alterations that maintain MSC stemness and prevent bone ageing and show that metformin offers a potential therapeutic option.
Disruption of Tmem30a results in cerebellar ataxia and degeneration of Purkinje cells
Authors: Yang Yeming , Sun Kuanxiang , Liu Wenjing , Zhang Lin , Peng Kun , Zhang Shanshan , Li Shujin , Yang Mu , Jiang Zhilin , Lu Fang , Zhu Xianjun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhospholipids are asymmetrically distributed across mammalian plasma membrane with phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine concentrated in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the membrane bilayer. This asymmetric distribution is dependent on a group of P4-ATPases named PS flippases. The proper transport and function of PS flippases require a β-subunit transmembrane protein 30 A (TMEM30A). Disruption of PS flippases led to several human diseases. However, the roles of TMEM30A in the central nervous system remain elusive. To investigate the role of Tmem30a in the cerebellum, we developed a Tmem30a Purkinje cell (PC)-specific knockout (KO) mouse model. The Tmem30a KO mice displayed early-onset ataxia and progressive PC death. Deficiency in Tmem30a led to an increased expression of Glial fibrillary acidic protein and astrogliosis in regions with PC loss. Elevated C/EBP homologous protein and BiP expression levels indicated the presence of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the PCs prior to visible cell loss. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis suggested that apoptotic cell death occurred in the cerebellum. Our data demonstrate that loss of Tmem30a in PCs results in protein folding and transport defects, a substantial decrease in dendritic spine density, increased astrogliosis and PC death. Taken together, our data demonstrate an essential role of Tmem30a in the cerebellum PCs.
GraphDDP: a graph-embedding approach to detect differentiation pathways in single-cell-data using prior class knowledge
Authors: Costa Fabrizio , Grün Dominic , Backofen Rolf 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCell types can be characterized by expression profiles derived from single-cell RNA-seq. Subpopulations are identified via clustering, yielding intuitive outcomes that can be validated by marker genes. Clustering, however, implies a discretization that cannot capture the continuous nature of differentiation processes. One could give up the detection of subpopulations and directly estimate the differentiation process from cell profiles. A combination of both types of information, however, is preferable. Crucially, clusters can serve as anchor points of differentiation trajectories. Here we present GraphDDP, which integrates both viewpoints in an intuitive visualization. GraphDDP starts from a user-defined cluster assignment and then uses a force-based graph layout approach on two types of carefully constructed edges: one emphasizing cluster membership, the other, based on density gradients, emphasizing differentiation trajectories. We show on intestinal epithelial cells and myeloid progenitor data that GraphDDP allows the identification of differentiation pathways that cannot be easily detected by other approaches.