bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure constants of twist-two light-ray operators in the triple Regge limit
Authors: Balitsky I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe structure constants of twist-two operators with spinjin the BFKL limitg2→ 0,j→ 1 and$$ \frac{g^2}{j-1} $$g2j−1∼ 1 are found from the calculation of the three-point correlator of twist-two light-ray operators in the triple Regge limit. It is well known that the anomalous dimensions of twist-two operators in this limit are determined by the BFKL intercept. Similarly, the obtained structure constants are determined by an analytic function of three BFKL intercepts.
Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis of Pure Laparoscopic Versus Hand‐Assisted/Hybrid Major Hepatectomy at Two Western Centers
Authors: Fiorentini G. , Swaid F. , Cipriani F. , Ratti F. , Heres C. , Tsung A. , Aldrighetti L. , Geller D. A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic major hepatectomy is expanding, but little data exist comparing surgical approaches. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that pure laparoscopic liver resection (PLAP) has advantages over hand‐assisted (HALS) or hybrid (HYB) resection for major hemi‐hepatectomy at two western centers.MethodsUsing propensity score matching, 65 cases of HALS + HYB (18 hand‐assisted and 47 hybrid) were matched to 65 cases of PLAP. Baseline characteristics were well matched for gender, age, ASA score, Childs A cirrhosis, right/left hepatectomy, malignancy, tumor size, and type between the groups.ResultsThe HALS + HYB group had 27 right and 38 left major hepatectomies (n = 65) versus 29 right and 36 left (n = 65) in the PLAP group (p = NS). The median number of lesions resected was 1 in each group, with median size 5.6 cm (HALS + HYB) versus 6.0 cm (PLAP), (p = NS). The HALS + HYB group had shorter OR time (240 versus 330 min, p < 0.01), and less blood loss (EBL 150 ml vs. 300 ml, p < 0.01) versus the PLAP group, respectively. Median length of stay (LOS) was 4 days with HALS + HYB versus 5 days in the PLAP group (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in use of the Pringle maneuver, transfusion rate, ICU stay, post‐op morbidity, liver‐specific complications, or R0 resection. Pain regimen/usage in each group is provided. There were no 30/90‐day deaths in either group.ConclusionThis is the first reported series of propensity score matching of HALS + HYB versus PLAP for major hepatectomy. The HALS + HYB group had non‐inferior OR time, blood loss, and LOS versus the PLAP group, while the other perioperative parameters were comparable. We conclude that minimally invasive liver resection with either PLAP or HALS + HYB technique yields excellent results.
Emergency medicine residency fact board: Why our attempt to encourage on-shift learning failed
Authors: Sokol Kimberly , Wray Alisa , Boysen-Osborn Megan , Wiechmann Warren , Bennett Kathryn , Toohey Shannon 
Published: April 2019

Residents commonly feel that a lack of time is a significant barrier in keeping up-to-date with both medical knowledge and literature. In this study, we addressed that barrier by placing an iPad-based live fact feed in the resident workroom of our emergency department, therefore allowing for passive learning while on shift. We hypothesized that residents with access to the live feed would score higher on monthly post-curriculum block exams. We ended up finding that the residents actually prefer a more active approach to learning and that many more people in the emergency department other than the residents benefitted from the fact board.
How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others
Authors: Neubauer Brian E. , Witkop Catherine T. , Varpio Lara 
Published: April 2019

Introduction As a research methodology, phenomenology is uniquely positioned to help health professions education (HPE) scholars learn from the experiences of others. Phenomenology is a form of qualitative research that focuses on the study of an individual’s lived experiences within the world. Although it is a powerful approach for inquiry, the nature of this methodology is often intimidating to HPE researchers. This article aims to explain phenomenology by reviewing the key philosophical and methodological differences between two of the major approaches to phenomenology: transcendental and hermeneutic. Understanding the ontological and epistemological assumptions underpinning these approaches is essential for successfully conducting phenomenological research.
Purpose This review provides an introduction to phenomenology and demonstrates how it can be applied to HPE research. We illustrate the two main sub-types of phenomenology and detail their ontological, epistemological, and methodological differences.
Conclusions Phenomenology is a powerful research strategy that is well suited for exploring challenging problems in HPE. By building a better understanding of the nature of phenomenology and working to ensure proper alignment between the specific research question and the researcher’s underlying philosophy, we hope to encourage HPE scholars to consider its utility when addressing their research questions.
Benefit and performance impact analysis of using hydrogen fuel cell powered e-taxi system on A320 class airliner
Authors: Stockford J. A. , Lawson C. , Liu Z. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the work carried out to evaluate the benefits and performance impacts of introducing a hydrogen fuel cell powered electric taxiing system to a conventional short-haul aircraft. Tasks carried out in this research and reported in this paper include the initial system design, hydrogen tank initial sizing, calculation of the impact on fuel burn and emissions and the evaluation of the effects on Direct Operating Cost (DOC). The Airbus A320 has been selected as the datum aircraft for sizing the system, and the benefits analysis is particularly focused on the fleet composition and financial data of a Europe-based, low-cost, large-scale A320 family operator in 2016. The maximum power capacity of 400 kW has been sized based on the rolling friction coefficient of 0.02. Based on the operator’s 2016 financial, up to 1% fuel reduction can be achieved using the proposed system and the reduction in total maintenance cost is expected to be up to 7.3%. Additionally, up to 5.97% net profit improvement is estimated in comparison with the annual after-tax profit of the datum operator in 2016.
BIAS-CORRECTED INFERENCE FOR A MODIFIED LEE–CARTER MORTALITY MODEL
Authors: Liu Qing , Ling Chen , Li Deyuan , Peng Liang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs a benchmark mortality model in forecasting future mortality rates and hedging longevity risk, the widely employed Lee–Carter model (Lee, R.D. and Carter, L.R. (1992) Modeling and forecasting U.S. mortality. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 87, 659–671.) suffers from a restrictive constraint on the unobserved mortality index for ensuring model’s identification and a possible inconsistent inference. Recently, a modified Lee–Carter model (Liu, Q., Ling, C. and Peng, L. (2018) Statistical inference for Lee–Carter mortality model and corresponding forecasts. North American Actuarial Journal, to appear.) removes this constraint and a simple least squares estimation is consistent with a normal limit when the mortality index follows from a unit root or near unit root AR(1) model with a nonzero intercept. This paper proposes a bias-corrected estimator for this modified Lee–Carter model, which is consistent and has a normal limit regardless of the mortality index being a stationary or near unit root or unit root AR(1) process with a nonzero intercept. Applications to the US mortality rates and a simulation study are provided as well.
Postglacial vegetation dynamics at high elevation from Fairy Lake in the northern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Montana, USA
Authors: Benes James V. , Iglesias Virginia , Whitlock Cathy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe postglacial vegetation and fire history of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is known from low and middle elevations, but little is known about high elevations. Paleoecologic data from Fairy Lake in the Bridger Range, southwestern Montana, provide a new high-elevation record that spans the last 15,000 yr. The records suggest a period of tundra-steppe vegetation prior to ca. 13,700 cal yr BP was followed by openPiceaforest at ca. 11,200 cal yr BP.Pinus-Pseudotsugaparkland was present after ca. 9200 cal yr BP, when conditions were warmer/drier than present. It was replaced by mixed-conifer parkland at ca. 5000 cal yr BP. Present-day subalpine forest established at ca. 2800 cal yr BP. Increased avalanche or mass-wasting activity during the early late-glacial period, the Younger Dryas chronozone, and Neoglaciation suggest cool, wet periods. Sites at different elevations in the region show (1) synchronous vegetation responses to late-glacial warming; (2) widespread xerothermic forests and frequent fires in the early-to-middle Holocene; and (3) a trend to forest closure during late-Holocene cooling. Conditions in the Bridger Range were, however, wetter than other areas during the early Holocene. Across the Northern Rockies, postglacial warming progressed from west to east, reflecting range-specific responses to insolation-driven changes in climate.
Indonesia–Chicken: Tensions between International Trade and Domestic Food Policies?
Authors: RIGOD BORIS , TOVAR PATRICIA 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper analyzes the dispute Indonesia – Measures Concerning the Importation of Chicken Meat and Chicken Products from a legal-economic perspective. We evaluate alternative explanations for the motive behind Indonesia's import restrictions and conclude that they can be linked to protectionist political-economic motives and are most likely due to a self-sufficiency objective and the legal requirements attached to it. Economically, the import restrictions on chicken and other food products have led to substantial price volatility, and they impose costs on Indonesian consumers and small farmers who are net buyers of food, firms that import certain raw materials, as well as foreign exporters. Therefore, by making food more expensive and less accessible, they could reduce food security. We also argue that an additional issue with the goal of self-sufficiency in Indonesia is lack of comparative advantage in some food items, including chicken meat and chicken products. Legally, although the Panel highlighted that self-sufficiency is a legitimate policy objective that as such does not lead to a violation of WTO law, the Indonesia–Chicken case leads to the question of whether, in practice, it is feasible to implement a self-sufficiency target resorting only to WTO-compliant policies. Finally, we discuss potential alternative economic policies and examine whether Indonesia could have attained its food self-sufficiency objective in a WTO-consistent manner.
Green manure and phosphorus fertilization affect weed community composition and crop/weed competition in organic maize
Authors: Carlesi Stefano , Bigongiali Federica , Antichi Daniele , Ciaccia Corrado , Tittarelli Fabio , Canali Stefano , Bàrberi Paolo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGreen manure and compost-enriched in phosphorus can promote the sustainability of cropping systems by increasing soil fertility over the long term. They can also be used to manage crop/weed interactions, a key element in guaranteeing an appropriate level of satisfactory crop yields. We studied how green manuring with hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth.) and the application of different types of phosphorous-enriched compost affect weed/maize (Zea maysL.) interactions in an organic stockless Mediterranean agroecosystem for two consecutive dry years. Green manure stimulated the expression of maize traits related to a higher competitive ability against weeds, such as early growth, height and leaf area index, while the effect of compost was less clear. Regarding crop/weed competition, both green manuring and a phosphorus-enriched compost application gave a significant advantage to maize. Neither green manure nor compost increased total weed density and biomass compared to the control. Green manuring significantly affected the weed community composition. The relative density of ruderal and competitive-ruderal species (according to Grime's classification) was higher in plots where the green manure was applied. The use of green manure, together with novel composting techniques, significantly affected crop/weed competitive interactions, favoring maize, but also creating favorable conditions for unwanted weed species such as competitive-ruderals. Increasing nitrogen availability in the early growth stages of maize through green manuring can increase crop competitive ability. However, this may not suffice to preserve the system from future weed problems, should potentially detrimental species be selected. Dedicated strategies for the control of emerging weed species may thus be needed.
Variation in tolerance mechanisms to fluazifop-P-butyl among selected zoysiagrass lines
Authors: Liu Wenwen , MacDonald Gregory E. , Unruh J. Bryan , Kenworthy Kevin E. , Trenholm Laurie E. , Leon Ramon G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBreeding herbicide tolerance into new cultivars can improve safety and weed control in turfgrass systems. The sensitivity to fluazifop-P-butyl of 27 zoysiagrass (Zoysiaspp.) lines was screened under greenhouse conditions to identify potential tolerant germplasm for breeding programs. The herbicide rate that caused 50% biomass reduction (GR50) and the rate that caused 50% injury (ID50) were calculated to select the three most-tolerant and the five most-susceptible lines for studying the physiological mechanisms responsible for fluazifop-P-butyl tolerance. The differences in GR50and ID50between susceptible and tolerant lines ranged from 4-fold to more than 10-fold. Cytochrome P450–mediated metabolism was not detected in fluazifop-P-butyl–tolerant lines. Sequencing of theACCasegene confirmed that none of the seven previously reported mutations conferring resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides in other species were present in any of the tolerant or susceptible zoysiagrass lines studied. An Ala-2073-Thr substitution was identified in two tolerant lines, but this mutation did not completely explain the tolerant phenotype. No clear differences in absorption and translocation rates of14C-radiolabeled fluazifop-P-butyl were observed among most lines, with the exception of a susceptible line that exhibited greater translocation than two of the tolerant lines. Metabolite profiles did not differ between tolerant and susceptible lines. Our results suggest that the diversity in tolerance to fluazifop-P-butyl in zoysiagrass germplasm is most likely the result of a combination of different, minor, additive non–target site mechanisms such as translocation rate and compartmentation after absorption.
Multiyear Increase in the Stable Isotopic Composition of Stream Water From Groundwater Recharge Due to Extreme Precipitation
Authors: Boutt David F. , Mabee Stephen B. , Yu Qian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe isotopic composition of surface and groundwater is impacted by many hydrologic processes. The long‐term stable water isotopic response of systems to hydrologic change is critical for interpreting isotopic information for streamflow generation, stream‐aquifer‐coupling, and recharge processes. To evaluate the response of stream‐aquifer systems to extreme precipitation events we use 743 surface and groundwater isotopes with drainage areas ranging from 0.1 to >800 km2. Results show multiannual trends from high to low isotopic compositions associated with increases in the composition of shallow groundwater. The year 2011 was one of the wettest years and the months of August and September were the wettest consecutive 2‐month period in the 123‐year record. This increase in the isotopic composition has long‐term impact on the isotopic composition of surface and groundwater highlighting the importance of groundwater sources of baseflow to streams and the transient storage and release mechanisms of groundwater at the catchment scale.
Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism through selective turnover of NCoR1
Authors: Saito Tetsuya , Kuma Akiko , Sugiura Yuki , Ichimura Yoshinobu , Obata Miki , Kitamura Hiroshi , Okuda Shujiro , Lee Hyeon-Cheol , Ikeda Kazutaka , Kanegae Yumi , Saito Izumu , Auwerx Johan , Motohashi Hozumi , Suematsu Makoto , Soga Tomoyoshi , Yokomizo Takehiko , Waguri Satoshi , Mizushima Noboru , Komatsu Masaaki 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSelective autophagy ensures the removal of specific soluble proteins, protein aggregates, damaged mitochondria, and invasive bacteria from cells. Defective autophagy has been directly linked to metabolic disorders. However how selective autophagy regulates metabolism remains largely uncharacterized. Here we show that a deficiency in selective autophagy is associated with suppression of lipid oxidation. Hepatic loss of Atg7 or Atg5 significantly impairs the production of ketone bodies upon fasting, due to decreased expression of enzymes involved in β-oxidation following suppression of transactivation by PPARα. Mechanistically, nuclear receptor co-repressor 1 (NCoR1), which interacts with PPARα to suppress its transactivation, binds to the autophagosomal GABARAP family proteins and is degraded by autophagy. Consequently, loss of autophagy causes accumulation of NCoR1, suppressing PPARα activity and resulting in impaired lipid oxidation. These results suggest that autophagy contributes to PPARα activation upon fasting by promoting degradation of NCoR1 and thus regulates β-oxidation and ketone bodies production.
Bio-inspired ultra-high energy efficiency bistable electronic billboard and reader
Authors: Zhang Weiran , Wang Xiaojun , Wang Yuyang , Yang Guojian , Gu Chang , Zheng Wenxuan , Zhang Yu-Mo , Li Minjie , Zhang Sean Xiao-An 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBistable display has been a long-awaited goal due to its zero energy cost when maintaining colored or colorless state and electrochromic material has been highly considered as a potential way to achieve bistable display due to its simple structure and possible manipulation. However, it is extremely challenging with insurmountable technical barriers related to traditional electrochromic mechanisms. Herein a prototype for bistable electronic billboard and reader with high energy efficiency is demonstrated with excellent bistability (decay 7% in an hour), reversibility (104 cycles), coloration efficiency (430 cm2 C−1) and very short voltage stimulation time (2 ms) for color switching, which greatly outperforms current products. This is achieved by stabilization of redox molecule via intermolecular ion transfer to the supramolecular bonded colorant and further stabilization of the electrochromic molecules in semi-solid media. This promising approach for ultra-energy-efficient display will promote the development of switching molecules, devices and applications in various fields of driving/navigation/industry as display to save energy.
Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predictive Modeling of Beef Attributes Using Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry (REIMS) Data
Authors: Gredell Devin A. , Schroeder Amelia R. , Belk Keith E. , Broeckling Corey D. , Heuberger Adam L. , Kim Soo-Young , King D. Andy , Shackelford Steven D. , Sharp Julia L. , Wheeler Tommy L. , Woerner Dale R. , Prenni Jessica E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAmbient mass spectrometry is an analytical approach that enables ionization of molecules under open-air conditions with no sample preparation and very fast sampling times. Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) is a relatively new type of ambient mass spectrometry that has demonstrated applications in both human health and food science. Here, we present an evaluation of REIMS as a tool to generate molecular scale information as an objective measure for the assessment of beef quality attributes. Eight different machine learning algorithms were compared to generate predictive models using REIMS data to classify beef quality attributes based on the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quality grade, production background, breed type and muscle tenderness. The results revealed that the optimal machine learning algorithm, as assessed by predictive accuracy, was different depending on the classification problem, suggesting that a “one size fits all” approach to developing predictive models from REIMS data is not appropriate. The highest performing models for each classification achieved prediction accuracies between 81.5–99%, indicating the potential of the approach to complement current methods for classifying quality attributes in beef.
Ecdysis in a stem-group euarthropod from the early Cambrian of China
Authors: Yang Jie , Ortega-Hernández Javier , Drage Harriet B. , Du Kun-sheng , Zhang Xi-guang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMoulting is a fundamental component of the ecdysozoan life cycle, but the fossil record of this strategy is susceptible to preservation biases, making evidence of ecdysis in soft-bodied organisms extremely rare. Here, we report an exceptional specimen of the fuxianhuiidAlacaris mirabilispreserved in the act of moulting from the Cambrian (Stage 3) Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte, South China. The specimen displays a flattened and wrinkled head shield, inverted overlap of the trunk tergites over the head shield, and duplication of exoskeletal elements including the posterior body margins and telson. We interpret this fossil as a discarded exoskeleton overlying the carcass of an emerging individual. The moulting behaviour ofA. mirabilisevokes that of decapods, in which the carapace is separated posteriorly and rotated forward from the body, forming a wide gape for the emerging individual.A. mirabilisilluminates the moult strategy of stem-group Euarthropoda, offers the stratigraphically and phylogenetically earliest direct evidence of ecdysis within total-group Euarthropoda, and represents one of the oldest examples of this growth strategy in the evolution of Ecdysozoa.
Functional neutralization of anti-IFN-γ autoantibody in patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria infection
Authors: Krisnawati Dyah Ika , Liu Yung-Ching , Lee Yuarn-Jang , Wang Yun-Ting , Chen Chia-Ling , Tseng Po-Chun , Lin Chiou-Feng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractInterferon (IFN)-γ is crucial for normal immune surveillance and exhibits immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activity. Patients with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection commonly express high levels of anti-IFN-γ autoantibodies (autoAbs) and suffer from recurrent infections due to adult-onset immunodeficiency with defects in IFN-γ immune surveillance. In this study, we developed the methods for determination of anti-IFN-γ autoAbs and then characterized their neutralizing activity in patients with NTM infection. A modified sandwich ELISA-based colorimetric assay followed by immunoblot analysis detected the presence of autoAbs in three out of five serum samples. Serum levels of IFN-γ were decreased. Synthetic peptide binding assay showed variable patterns of epitope recognition in patients positive for anti-IFN-γ autoAbs. Functional tests confirmed that patient serum blocked IFN-γ-activated STAT1 activation and IRF1 transactivation. Furthermore, IFN-γ-regulated inflammation, chemokine production and cytokine production were also blocked. These results provide potentially useful methods to assay anti-IFN-γ autoAbs and to characterize the effects of neutralizing autoAbs on IFN-γ signaling and bioactivity.