bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between unintentional firearm injury characteristics and deaths in adolescents
Authors: Hollo Ashley A. , Dillon Mairead , Hoffmann Jennifer A. , Blanchard Ashley , Haasz Maya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Approximately 15% of pediatric firearm injuries are unintentional. While demographic characteristics of unintentional firearm injuries have been described, the relationship between injury characteristics and mortality is not well understood. In this study, we identified injury characteristics associated with fatality among unintentional firearm injuries in adolescents.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective (May 2022-May 2023) cross-sectional study of unintentional firearm injuries among adolescents 12–17 years old using the Gun Violence Archive. Variables included victim age and sex, shooter age and sex, injury location, injury circumstance, number of firearms, type of firearm, firearm owner, census region, and shooter relationship to the victim. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with fatality.

Results
Of 319 unintentional incidents, 212 (66.5%) were non-fatal and 107 (34.5%) were fatal. Of all shootings, 176 (55.2%) occurred in a residence. A shooter was identified in 256 (80.3%) cases; 43.0% of these were a peer of the victim. The adjusted odds of fatality were higher when a peer was the shooter (aOR 5.38, 95% CI 2.57, 11.80) compared to self-inflicted injury and when the shooting took place in the victim’s residence (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.07, 7.88) or another residence (aOR 3.03, 95% CI 1.45, 6.67) versus a public location (Fig. 1).

Conclusions
Unintentional firearm injuries were more likely fatal when a peer was the shooter and when the shooting occurred at a residence. This amplifies the importance of safe home firearm storage and exploring other evidence-based approaches to decreasing youth access to firearms.
Injuries from border wall falls after 2018 are more severe: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Whitcher Gregory H. , McLean Susan F. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
The U.S.-Mexico “border wall” between El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico was raised and extended beginning in 2018 in accordance with Presidential Executive Order 13,767. We hypothesized that these changes resulted in increased incidence and severity of injuries of individuals attempting to cross the border wall in the El Paso region.

Methods
A retrospective cohort review was conducted of University Medical Center of El Paso Trauma Registry charts from 2001 to 2022. Year of injury, gender, age, Injury Severity Score, hospital length-of-stay, ICU length-of-stay, ventilator days, and survival were analyzed by Chi-square analysis with Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Independent Samples T-test for continuous variables. An independent samples Mann Whitney U Test was used to compare border wall fall injuries before and after 2018.

Results
Of the 842 patients reviewed, 69 patients presented before 2018 and 773 presented from 2018 to 2022. Statistically significant differences were identified in the mean Injury Severity Score which increased from 6.3 (SD ± 3.8) to 8.3 (SD ± 5.5, p < .001) and the mean hospital length-of-stay which increased from 6.7 days (SD ± 5.5) to 9.5 days (SD ± 8.0, p < .005).

Conclusion
The incidence, severity, and hospital length-of-stay related to injuries crossing the U.S.-Mexico border have increased with changes in height of the border wall since 2018. Additional resources should be allocated to Emergency Departments and Trauma Centers along the Southwest Border to serve this unique patient population. Additional consideration should be given to the cost of the border wall.
Blue light reflectance imaging in non-perfusion areas detection: insights from multimodal analysis
Authors: Leitão Guerra Ricardo , Barbosa Gabriel Castilho Sandoval , Leitão Guerra Cezar , Badaro Emmerson , Roisman Luiz , Lucatto Luiz Filipe , Novais Eduardo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Design
A retrospective, cross-sectional image analysis using a convenience sample.

Subjects
Five cases selected based on the availability of comprehensive imaging data.

Methods
This study involved a retrospective review of images from five cases, focusing on the use of retinal monochromatic blue light reflectance (BLR) imaging to detect non-perfusion areas. Two cases of sickle-cell retinopathy demonstrated peripheral retinal non-perfusion identified through widefield fluorescein angiography. Three other cases—one with branch retinal vein occlusion, one with branch retinal artery occlusion, and one presenting paracentral acute middle maculopathy showed focal macular non-perfusion detected by structural OCT and OCTA. The areas of nonperfused retinal tissue, confirmed by fluorescein angiography, OCT, and OCTA, were then correlated with findings from the BLR image. This correlation aimed to identify any potential associations between these imaging modalities.

Main outcome measures
Enhance understanding of the utilization of retinal monochromatic BLR images as a non-perfusion biomarker.

Results
The perfusion defects identified through fluorescein angiography were qualitatively correlated with hypo-reflective regions observed in the BLR images. A notable correlation was also observed between the OCTA deep capillary plexus findings and the BLR images. Additionally, areas of retinal thinning identified on structural OCT thickness maps corresponded with the hypo-reflective regions in the BLR images. This indicates the potential of BLR in identifying non-perfused retinal areas.

Conclusions
This study reinforces the evidence, through OCT, OCTA, and angiographic correlation, that the BLR can effectively identify areas of retinal non-perfusion in a non-invasive manner. Further research is warranted to assess the method’s sensitivity, specificity, and limitations. While the interaction of blue light with the retina, leading to specular reflections and scattering, is established, this research represents a pioneering effort in suggesting which specific retinal structures may be implicated in this phenomenon. This novel insight opens avenues for deeper exploration into the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications of utilizing the BLR imaging technique for assessing retinal vascular abnormalities.
Fermented marine foods of the indigenous arctic people (Inuit) and comparisons with Asian fermented fish
Authors: Daily James W. , Park Sunmin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Inuit, sometimes referred to as Eskimos, are indigenous people to the remote circumpolar regions of the northern hemisphere that remain relatively inaccessible to outsiders. The traditional diet consisted almost entirely of raw animal foods eaten fresh, dried, or fermented and was similar to the diets of wild carnivorous animals. From the 1950s onward, the Inuits gradually adopted Western foods. With the adoption of a more Western diet, there has also been a corresponding increase in Western diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and some cancers. Asians have also consumed salted fermented fish, but the fermented fish are different due to environmental temperatures. Although the microbial content of Inuit fermented foods is uniquely different from that of Asian fermented foods, Asian and Inuit fermented foods appear to be similarly important for supporting gut and immune health. The benefits of Asian fermented fish for improving the biodiversity of the microbiome and the generation of bioactive amines from proteins may be similar to the fermented marine foods of the Inuits. This study reviewed traditional fermented fish consumed by the Inuit people and Asians, highlighting various aspects that can offer valuable insights into the nutritional, cultural, and health dimensions of these practices.
Genetic predisposition to thyroid dysfunction: a case–control study investigating TSHR gene polymorphism (rs2268458) in Indians
Authors: Tyagi Shama , kaur Manpreet , yadav Anita , Gupta Ranjan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Variations in the TSHR gene have been implicated in a spectrum of thyroid diseases. Previous studies have implicated variations in the TSHR gene, including SNPs rs179247, rs12101255, and rs2268458, in thyroid diseases, but their association with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the Indian population has not been investigated.

Aim
In this study, we aimed to examine the relationship between candidate SNP rs2268458 and susceptibility to hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the Indian population. We carried out a case–control genetic screening of the TSHR gene.

Methods
We analyzed the variant of the TSHR gene using the PCR–RFLP technique in a total of 318 participants, including 130 controls and 188 individuals with thyroid disorders (124 hypothyroid and 64 hyperthyroid). Demographic information was collected, and biochemical parameters were assessed using enzymatic methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-23.

Results
The SNP rs2268458 demonstrated a significant association with hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients (p-value < 0.05). Using the dominant genetic model, we calculated an odds ratio of 3.52 (confidence interval: 2.09–5.93, p-value: 0.0001) for the risk of hypothyroidism and an odds ratio of 2.34 (confidence interval: 1.26–4.31, p-value: 0.0001) for the risk of hyperthyroidism.

Conclusion
This pioneering study in the Indian population reveals a significant association between the C allele of TSHR gene SNP rs2268458 and an increased risk of developing both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Our findings suggest that the C allele may be a common genetic risk factor for thyroid dysfunction in Indians.
Updated 5-Year Institutional Bibliometric Profiles for United States Neurosurgery Residency Programs and the Relationship Between Social Media Presence and Objective Departmental Metrics
Authors: Chang Andrew N. , Boyett Deborah , Chou Dean , Chan Andrew K. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The authors report current 3-year and 5-year institutional bibliometric profiles and investigate the correlations between objective metrics of neurosurgical residency programs and social media presence, including residency program size, faculty count, Doximity rankings, and measures of research output.

METHODS:
A list of neurosurgery residency programs was obtained through the Doximity Residency Navigator. Publication history of faculty members was compiled using Scopus and analyzed to create institutional bibliometric profiles from 2018-2022 to 2020-2022. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare departmental metrics for institutions with and without social media accounts. Spearman rank correlations were used to examine the relationship between social media following and metrics, and between Twitter following and methods of Twitter use.

RESULTS:
74% (n = 86) of neurosurgery programs have a Twitter account, 47% (n = 55) have a Facebook account, 63% (n = 73) have Instagram accounts, and 16% (n = 19) have LinkedIn accounts. The most notable differences were found when comparing departments with and without Twitter accounts, where a difference was found in all metrics except the average H-index. Residency program size, faculty count, average H-index, 3-year and 5-year publication and citation counts per faculty, and institutional H-indices were significantly correlated with Twitter following. Higher Doximity rankings were correlated with Twitter following and Facebook likes. There is a greater increase in 5-year citations per publication from 2009-2013 to 2018-2022 for institutions that created departmental Twitter accounts after 2013. Articles that were tweeted about had higher 3-year citations per publication than the institution's overall 3-year citations per publication.

CONCLUSION:
Our findings provide updated insight into the relationship between social media presence and objective academic metrics of neurosurgery departments. We identify and quantify correlations between social media platforms and program characteristics, with a focus on research output. These metrics can be used to guide programs in their development of social media.
An estimation of vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in dairy cattle, in Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran
Authors: Shahidi M , Maleki Mohsen , Razmi G 
Published: November 2024

Neospora caninum is an important agent of abortion and reproductive loss in dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to determine the rate of vertical transmission of N.caninum in dairy cattle, KorasanRazavi province, Iran. Two dairy farms with history of Neospora abortion were selected and two hundred -eighty blood samples of dairy cattle in the third trimester of gestation were collected from January 2018 to April 2019. The serum samples of each dairy cattle were examined by an indirect ELISA. At the calving, the colostrum samples of seropositive dams with blood samples of their precolostral calves were collected and again examined by the ELISA method. The seroprevalence of Neospora infection was determined by 16.59% (41/247) in dairy farm 1 and 12.12% (4/33) in dairy farm 2 (P>0.05). In the present study, 100% of precolostral calves born of seropositive dairy cattle had antibodies against Neospora caninum before colostrum ingestion. Based on the seroprevalence of dam and daughter, the vertical transmission was estimated at the highest rate (100%). In conclusion, the results are shown the importance of vertical transmission to remain and contribute to N.caninum infection in two dairy farms.
Quorum Sensing System in Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila: Discovery of LuxRI Homologs ahyI and ahyR Genes Responsible for N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone Signal Molecules
Authors: Filik N , Önem E , Kubilay A 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
In the pathogenesis of infections; intercellular communication system called Quorum Sensing System (QS), which regulates production of many virulence factors, is held responsible. QS genes of Aeromonas hydrophila strains that cause Motile Aeromonas Septicemia in fish was investigated by PCR method in reserach. AhyI and ahyR genes responsible for virulence of 20 A. hydrophila strains and A. hydrophila ATCC 7966 reference strain isolated from disease fish were investigated by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). By PCR analysis, both ahyI and ahyR genes responsible for generation of virulence in management of QS were detected in all A. hydrophila strains. In A. hydrophila strains, it initiates disease process by preventing premature stimulation of immune system by critical gene expressions such as virulence factors in management of QS. Ultimately, QS is responsible for virulence of A. hydrophila, and thus bacteria manage disease process. Keeping diseases under control by blocking communication between them by inhibiting of QS, which is critical in disease formation, is an important strategy in fight against bacteria. With identification of QS and all members of system (AHLs, AI, QSI e.g.), early diagnosis of disease is brought to agenda and it is expected to break new ground in diagnosis of fish diseases. As a result, A. hydrophila secretes AHL signal molecule with LuxI and ahyI gene, and detects AHL signal molecule with LuxR and ahyR gene. In this study, both ahyI and ahyR genes responsible for pathogenicity and virulence in management of QS were detected in all A. hydrophila strains by PCR analysis using 20 bp long primers. Thus, it has been proven that pathogen bacteria A. hydrophila possesses LuxI/LuxR-Type QS.

Keywords: Interbacterial communication, A. hydrophila, Quorum sensing system, ahyI and ahyR Genes, PCR
Comparison of methods for measurement of somatic cell count in goat milk
Authors: Zazharska NM 
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of determining the number of somatic cell count in goat milk by different methods. Somatic cells in individual samples of milk from 28 goats were studied using analyzers "Somatos", "SomaCount Flow Cytometer" and by the counting method in milk films stained according to Romanovsky – Giemsa, May-Grünwald and with pyronin Y. For the counting of somatic cells in goat milk by Prescott and Breed method, it is recommended to stain milk films by the May-Grünwald method, because the cytoplasm and nuclei of somatic cells are clearly stained, and the cost of dyes is much less than the pyroninY method. When counting cells in milk films stained by any method, no samples with the SCC up to 100 ´ 103 cells/ml were found. Direct counting of somatic cells in milk films stained by any method reveals a greater number of cells than with the help of devices. It was found that the fat content in goat milk with SCC >3000 ´ 103 cells/ml is significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to milk with SCC < 1000 ´ 103 cells/ml. The quality of goat's milk smears for counting of somatic cells quantity stained by the May-Grünwald method corresponds to the recommended method with pyronin Y, and the cost of dyes is 28.4 times lower. The distribution of somatic cell ranges is similar between different methods of staining smears, which once again proves the accuracy of the method of direct cell counting in milk films, although it is more labor-intensive than hardware methods.
Effects of Oregano Aromatic Water (Oreganum onites L.) Supplementation on Diets of Lactating Dairy cows on Milk Production Performance, Metabolic Health and Antioxidative Defense Mechanism
Authors: Özkaya S , Taşkın K , Erbaş S , Ozkan O , Neja W , Tüzün CG , Şanlı ER 
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to validate the effect of oregano aromatic water (OAW) on blood parameters, oxidative stress, and production and composition of milk when used as a feed additive. Thirty lactating Holstein cows (average 570 kg), average 74 days in milk and 2.44 lactation number, were randomly divided into three groups for a period of 60-days. These groups included: (G1) control ration, (G2) control ration + OAW (10 mg/kg of DM), (G3) control ration + OAW (20 mg/kg of DM). Milk production (MP) were unaffected by OAW doses (P>0.05). The supplementation of OAW did not affect the milk composition, and somatic cell count (SCC) (P>0.05). OAW supplementation did not affect blood biochemical values except ketone and glucose. The glucose value increased as the ketone decreased with OAW supplementation (P<0.05). The hematological blood values were not found to be significant. OAW significantly decreased Total oxidant capacity (TOC) and oxidative stress index (OSI) while increasing Total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The current study's findings indicated that OAW can be used as a feed additive to improve cow health and milk production.
Director Liability Protection and the Quality of Independent Directors
Authors: Masulis Ronald W. , Shen Sichen , Zou Hong 
Published: November 2024

We study whether legal liability protection helps companies to recruit and retain high-quality independent directors. We conduct difference-in-differences analyses exploiting the 1999 Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals Ruling on the Silicon Graphics case, which substantially raised the bar for filing securities class action (SCA) lawsuits as a shock. We document supporting evidence for the talent attraction hypothesis by showing improvements in newly recruited independent director quality following the ruling, but only for candidates who are previously not exposed to SCA litigation risk. The effects are stronger for firms facing greater litigation risk ex ante or smaller local supplies of director candidates. Results are more evident for experience-based quality dimensions. We also analyze a sample of voluntary independent director departures and find little support for the talent retention hypothesis, suggesting that more complex factors enter into a director’s continuation decision once a director is already exposed to SCA litigation risk. A policy implication is that liability protection can be useful in attracting more unexposed high-quality candidates to the pool of public boards but does little to attract high-quality candidates who are already in the pool of public firms. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance. Funding: H. Zou acknowledges the financial support from a competitive General Research Fund (GRF) grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China [Project No. HKU 17513816]. S. Shen acknowledges the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72202164 and 72332003]. The work was partially carried out while R. W. Masulis visited the University of Hong Kong as an FBE visiting researcher, and he thanks the Faculty of Business and Economics of the University of Hong Kong for its sponsorship. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.03743 .
Robustifying Conditional Portfolio Decisions via Optimal Transport
Authors: Nguyen Viet Anh , Zhang Fan , Wang Shanshan , Blanchet José , Delage Erick , Ye Yinyu 
Published: November 2024

We propose a data-driven portfolio selection model that integrates side information, conditional estimation, and robustness using the framework of distributionally robust optimization. Conditioning on the observed side information, the portfolio manager solves an allocation problem that minimizes the worst-case conditional risk-return tradeoff, subject to all possible perturbations of the covariate-return probability distribution in an optimal transport ambiguity set. Despite the nonlinearity of the objective function in the probability measure, we show that the distributionally robust portfolio allocation with a side information problem can be reformulated as a finite-dimensional optimization problem. If portfolio decisions are made based on either the mean-variance or the mean-conditional value-at-risk criterion, the reformulation can be further simplified to second-order or semidefinite cone programs. Empirical studies in the U.S. equity market demonstrate the advantage of our integrative framework against other benchmarks. Funding: The material in this paper is based on work supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Award FA9550-20-1-0397]. Additional support is gratefully acknowledged from the National Science Foundation [Grants 1915967, 1820942, and 1838676], the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2016-05208], and the China Merchant Bank. V. A. Nguyen gratefully acknowledges the generous support from the Chinese University of Hong Kong [Improvement on Competitiveness in Hiring New Faculties Funding Scheme] and the Chinese University of Hong Kong [Direct Grant 4055191]. S. Wang is partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72371022]. Finally, this research was enabled in part by support provided by Compute Canada. Supplemental Material: The computer code and data that support the findings of this study and the online appendix are available within this article’s supplemental material at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2021.0243 .