bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sample Selection and Reasons for Non-Participation in the Predictors and Outcomes of Incident Fractures (Profrac) Study
Authors: Stuart Amanda L. , Pasco Julie A. , Brennan-Olsen Sharon L. , Berk Michael , Betson Amelia G. , Bennett Katherine E. , Timney Elizabeth N. , Williams Lana J. 
Published: May 2019

Background Fragility fractures, associated with osteoporosis, are an escalating public health problem. We aim to describe sample selection, recruitment methods and reasons for non-participation in The PRedictors and Outcomes of incident FRACtures (PROFRAC) study. Design and Methods Barwon Statistical Division residents aged 20+ years, with a radiologically-confirmed fracture between June 1st 2012 and May 31st 2013, were eligible. Individuals identified as fracture cases were invited by mail to complete a questionnaire. Reasons for non-participation were documented. Logistic regression techniques were used to determine odds ratios for participation and non-participation reasons. Results A total of 1,458 of 2,155 (67.7%) adults with fracture (48.7% men) participated. Individuals were excluded due to inability to give informed consent, death, no knowledge of fracture, or inability to be contacted. The odds of participation decreased with age (OR 0.99, 95%CI 0.99-0.99, P=0.011) and increased among specific fracture groups [clavicle/scapula (OR 2.50, 1.30-4.68, P=0.006), forearm/humerus (OR 2.00, 1.22-3.27, P=0.006), wrist (OR 2.08, 1.31-3.32, P=0.002), hip (OR 2.12, 1.20-3.75, P=0.009), ankle (OR 1.85, 1.20-2.87, P=0.001), compared to face/skull fractures]. The odds of reporting disinterest, time constraints or personal reasons as the reason for non-participation decreased with age, whereas the odds of reporting frailty, language-related issues or illness as the reason for non-participation increased with of age [disinterest (OR 0.98, 0.97-0.98, P<0.001), time constraints (OR 0.97, 0.96-0.98, P<0.001), personal reasons (OR 0.98, 0.97-0.99, P=0.007), frailty (OR 1.12, 1.09-1.15, P<0.001), language-related issues (OR 1.02, 1.01-1.04, P<0.001), illness (OR 1.03, 1.02-1.05, P<0.001)]. Conclusions Understanding drivers of research participation can inform study design to achieve optimal participation in health research.
In vitro cytotoxicity of cardamom oil, lemon oil, and jasmine oil on human skin, gastric, and brain cancer cell line
Authors: Manjunath Chetan , Mahurkar Nitin 
Published: May 2019

Objective:
The main objective of the study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of selected essential oils on human skin, gastric, and brain cancer cell lines using microculture tetrazolium test.

Materials and Methods:
Phytochemical analysis, as well as acute oral toxicity tests, was carried out in female albino mice with cardamom oil, lemon oil, and jasmine oil according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development guidelines 425. Anticancer activities of the above test drugs were performed using human cancer cell lines. The studies were carried out at Skanda Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru.

Results:
Phytochemical analysis has shown the presence of carbohydrates and flavonoids in cardamom oil. While lemon oil has shown the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins, jasmine oil has shown the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and glycosides. Toxicity studies showed that cardamom oil, lemon oil, and jasmine oil were all found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Results have shown that lemon oil exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity toward three human cancer cell lines, namely skin cancer (A431), gastric cancer (MKN-45), and brain cancer (U-87 MG) cell lines, with higher IC50 values of 62.82 μg/ml, 220.9 μg/ml, and 440.1 μg/ml compared to standard. Jasmine oil exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity toward skin cancer and brain cancer cell lines, whereas cardamom oil has shown stronger cytotoxicity only toward skin cancer cell line but did not show any level of inhibition of growth of brain and gastric cancer cells.

Conclusion:
Our study reveals that lemon oil, jasmine oil, and cardamom oil possess potent antitumor activity compared to standard. At different concentrations, lemon oil has shown statistically significant (***P < 0.0001) anticancer activity toward all the three human cancer cell lines. While jasmine oil has shown statistically significant (***P < 0.0001) anticancer activity toward skin and brain cancer cell line, cardamom oil has also shown statistically significant (***P < 0.0001) anticancer activity but only toward skin cancer cell line.
Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Middle Eastern Population
Authors: Jazieh Abdul Rahman , Fayea Turki M , Mahrous Mervat , Darwish Tarek , Fawzi Essam , Alolayan Ashwaq A , Sheblaq Nagham , Alkaiyat Mohammed , Ali Yosra 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Although erlotinib is widely used in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), no prior studies were conducted in Middle Eastern population. Our study aims at evaluating erlotinib prospectively in this population. Patients and Methods: This open-label, prospective, single-arm, multicenter Phase IV clinical trial of erlotinib as single agent evaluated safety and efficacy of Erlotinib in Middle Eastern patients with advanced NSCLC. Results: A total of 56 patients were enrolled in five sites in Saudi Arabia. Majority of patients were males (60%) with median age of 57 years (34–80), Stage IV (98%), and adenocarcinoma (84%). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance Status III (41.1%). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations were present in 24 patients out of 36 patients tested (67%). The most common reported adverse events (AEs) were rash 36 (64%), diarrhea 29 (52%), fatigue 10 (18%), and anorexia 5 (9%). Grade 4 or 5 AEs were not observed. Complete response was achieved in 2 (3.6%) and overall disease control was 60.8%. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients with EGFR mutation than wild type (20 vs. 3 months, P = 0.002). Progression-free survival was 10 months and significantly longer in patients with EGFR mutation than wild type (16 vs. 6 months, P = 0.037). Patients with unknown EGFR status had PSF and OS better than wild-type patients and worse than patients with EGFR mutation. Cox regression analysis showed that older age (P = 0.029, HR 1.064), EGFR wild type (P = 0.014, hazard ratio [HR]: 8.497), and receiving radiation (P = 0.033, HR 6.433) significantly increase risk of death for patients receiving erlotinib. Conclusion: Erlotinib has efficacy and safety profile in Middle Eastern population similar to the reported literature. The empiric use of erlotinib in patients with unknown EGFR status in our patient population is warranted due to high prevalence of the mutation. However, it should not be used in confirmed wild-type disease.
Topological Properties of a Class of Higher-dimensional Self-affine Tiles
Authors: Deng Guotai , Liu Chuntai , Ngai Sze-Man 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe construct a family of self-affine tiles in $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ ($d\geqslant 2$) with noncollinear digit sets, which naturally generalizes a class studied originally by Q.-R. Deng and K.-S. Lau in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$, and its extension to $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ by the authors. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the tiles to be connected and for their interiors to be contractible.
A Resident-Led Initiative to Increase Documentation of Surrogate Decision Makers for Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Dueker Jeffrey M. , Luty Jacob , Perry D. Alexander , Izumi Seiko , Fromme Erik K. , DiVeronica Matthew 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Background
Identification of surrogate decision makers (SDMs) is an important part of advance care planning for hospitalized patients. Despite its importance, the best methods for engaging residents to sustainably improve SDM documentation have not been identified.

Objective
We implemented a hospital-wide quality improvement initiative to increase identification and documentation of SDMs in the electronic health record (EHR) for hospitalized patients, utilizing a Housestaff Quality and Safety Council (HQSC).

Methods
EHR documentation of SDMs for all adult patients admitted to a tertiary academic hospital, excluding psychiatry, were tracked and grouped by specialty in a weekly run chart during the intervention period (July 2015 through April 2016). This also continued postintervention. Interventions included educational outreach for residents, monthly plan-do-study-act cycles based on performance feedback, and a financial incentive of a one-time payment of 0.75% of a resident's salary put into the retirement account of each resident, contingent on meeting an SDM documentation target. Comparisons were made using statistical process control and chi-square tests.

Results
At baseline, SDMs were documented for 11.1% of hospitalized adults. The intervention period included 9146 eligible admissions. Hospital-wide SDM documentation increased significantly and peaked near the financial incentive deadline at 48% (196 of 407 admissions, P &lt; 001). Postintervention, hospital-wide SDM documentation declined to 30% (134 of 446 admissions, P &lt; .001), but remained stable.

Conclusions
This resident-led intervention sustainably increased documentation of SDMs, despite a decline from peak rates after the financial incentive period and notable differences in performance patterns by specialty admitting service.
The vertical distribution of biomass burning pollution over tropical South America from aircraft in situ measurements during SAMBBA
Authors: Darbyshire Eoghan , Morgan William T. , Allan James D. , Liu Dantong , Flynn Michael J. , Dorsey James R. , O'Shea Sebastian J. , Lowe Douglas , Szpek Kate , Marenco Franco , Johnson Ben T. , Bauguitte Stephane , Haywood Jim M. , Brito Joel F. , Artaxo Paulo , Longo Karla M. , Coe Hugh 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. We examine processes driving the vertical distribution of biomass burning
pollution following an integrated analysis of over 200 pollutant and
meteorological profiles measured in situ during the South AMerican Biomass
Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) field experiment. This study will aid future work
examining the impact of biomass burning on weather, climate and air quality. During the dry season there were significant contrasts in the composition
and vertical distribution of haze between western and eastern regions of
tropical South America. Owing to an active or residual convective mixing
layer, the aerosol abundance was similar from the surface to ∼1.5 km in the west and ∼3 km in the east. Black carbon mass
loadings were double as much in the east (1.7 µg m−3) than the west (0.85 µg m−3), but aerosol scattering coefficients at 550 nm were
similar (∼120 Mm−1), as too were CO near-surface
concentrations (310–340 ppb). We attribute these contrasts to the more
flaming combustion of Cerrado fires in the east and more smouldering
combustion of deforestation and pasture fires in the west. Horizontal wind
shear was important in inhibiting mixed layer growth and plume rise, in
addition to advecting pollutants from the Cerrado regions into the remote
tropical forest of central Amazonia. Thin layers above the mixing layer
indicate the roles of both plume injection and shallow moist convection in
delivering pollution to the lower free troposphere. However, detrainment of
large smoke plumes into the upper free troposphere was very infrequently
observed. Our results reiterate that thermodynamics control the pollutant
vertical distribution and thus point to the need for correct model
representation so that the spatial distribution and vertical structure of biomass
burning smoke is captured. We observed an increase of aerosol abundance relative to CO with altitude
both in the background haze and plume enhancement ratios. It is unlikely
associated with thermodynamic partitioning, aerosol deposition or local
non-fire sources. We speculate it may be linked to long-range transport from
West Africa or fire combustion efficiency coupled to plume injection height.
Further enquiry is required to explain the phenomenon and explore impacts on
regional climate and air quality.
Local and regional contributions to fine particulate matter in the 18 cities of Sichuan Basin, southwestern China
Authors: Qiao Xue , Guo Hao , Tang Ya , Wang Pengfei , Deng Wenye , Zhao Xing , Hu Jianlin , Ying Qi , Zhang Hongliang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The Sichuan Basin (SCB) is one of the regions suffering from severe air
pollution in China, but fewer studies have been conducted for this region
than for the more developed regions in eastern and northern China. In this study,
a source-oriented version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ)
model was used to quantify contributions from nine regions to PM2.5
(i.e., particulate matter, PM, with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) and its components in the 18 cities within the SCB in the winter
(December 2014 to February 2015) and summer (June to August 2015). In the
winter, citywide average PM2.5 concentrations are 45–126 µg m−3, with 21 %–51 % and
39 %–66 % being
due to local and nonlocal emissions, respectively. In the summer,
15 %–45 % and 25 %–52 % of citywide average
PM2.5 (14–31 µg m−3) are due to local and
nonlocal emissions, respectively. Compared to primary PM (PPM), the
inter-region transport of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), including
ammonia, nitrate, and sulfate ions (NH4+, NO3-, and
SO42-, respectively), and their gas-phase precursors are greater.
The region to the east of SCB (R7, including central and eastern China
and others) is the largest contributor outside the SCB, and it can
contribute approximately 80 % of PM2.5 in the eastern, northeastern,
and southeastern rims of the SCB but only 10 % in other SCB regions in
both seasons. Under favorable transport conditions, regional transport of
air pollutants from R7 could account for up to 35–100 µg m−3 of PM2.5 in each of the SCB cities in the winter. This
study demonstrates that it is important to have joint emission control
efforts among cities within the SCB and regions to the east in order to
reduce PM2.5 concentrations and prevent high PM2.5 days for the
entire basin.
De begrafenis- en crematiewetgeving van Curaçao, Aruba, Sint Maarten en de BES-eilanden
Authors: Hu-a-ng W.A.M. 
Published: May 2019

De begrafenis- en crematiewetgeving van Curaçao, Aruba, Sint Maarten en de BES-eilanden
In dit artikel staat de auteur stil bij de juridische procedure van het cremeren en begraven. De auteur zal daarbij ingaan op de gelijkenissen en verschillen in de relevante wetgeving van Aruba, Curaçao en de rest van het Koninkrijk.
Ontwikkelingen rondom toelating en uitzetting
Authors: Sybesma J. 
Published: May 2019

Ontwikkelingen rondom toelating en uitzetting
Toelating en uitzetting wordt in het Caribische deel van het Koninkrijk geregeld door de Rijksvisumwet en de Landsverordening toelating en uitzetting (Ltu) van de diverse landen. Nader wordt ingegaan op deze juridische tweedeling. Tevens komen twee recente uitspraken aan bod. De eerste handelt over de toekenning van een ‘van rechtswege toegelaten verklaring’ aan Nederlanders die langer dan tien jaar woonachtig zijn in een van de Caribische landen. De Lar-rechter is van mening dat dit een ‘niet van toepassingsverklaring’ behoort te zijn. Ook is de Lar-rechter in de tweede uitspraak van mening dat de strikte toepassing van het uitlandigheidsvereiste bij aanvraag van een vergunning tot toelating gedurende legitiem verblijf geen voorwaarde meer mag zijn.
Het oude verbod van erkenning van kinderen door gehuwde Nederlandse mannen: een drama met vele afleveringen
Authors: de Groot G.-R. 
Published: May 2019

Het oude verbod van erkenning van kinderen door gehuwde Nederlandse mannen: een drama met vele afleveringen
In de onderhavige annotatie staan de prejudiciële vragen in een Caribische zaak centraal die betrekking hebben op de verkrijging van het Nederlanderschap door erkenning in 1990 in het buitenland door een gehuwde man.
Consensualism, Democratic Satisfaction, Political Trust and the Winner-Loser Gap
Authors: van der Meer Tom , Kern Anna 
Published: May 2019

Consensualism, democratic satisfaction, political trust and the winner-loser gap
Lijphart (1999) argued that citizens tend to be more satisfied with democracy in consensual democracies than in majoritarian democracies and that the gap in democratic satisfaction between the winners and the losers of elections is smaller under consensualism. Twenty years on since then, this article takes stock of the literature on consensualism and political support. We find considerable ambiguity in the theoretical arguments and empirical evidence provided in this literature. Finally, we speculate on possible reasons for this ambiguity.
Inwerkingtredingswetten
Authors: Borman T.C. 
Published: May 2019

Inwerkingtredingswetten
In deze bijdrage wordt ingegaan op de figuur waarbij in een wet wordt bepaald dat die wet in werking wordt gesteld via een andere wet. Die andere wet wordt in deze bijdrage aangeduid als ‘inwerkingtredingswet’. Aanleiding voor deze bijdrage was het verzoek vanuit de Tweede en Eerste Kamer om zo’n constructie toe te passen bij de Omgevingswet. Uiteindelijk is daar voor een eenvoudigere oplossing gekozen (een zware voorhangprocedure voor het inwerkingtredings-KB). De figuur van inwerkingtredingswetten voert terug tot in de negentiende eeuw, toen het Wetboek van Strafrecht op die wijze in werking is gesteld. In de laatste decennia van de vorige eeuw kwam dit verder regelmatig voor bij wetten van Financiën, Binnenlandse Zaken en Verkeer en Waterstaat die grote stelselwijzigingen inhielden. Nooit was sprake van een ‘zuivere’ inwerkingtredingswet: steeds bevatte zo’n wet naast de inwerkingstelling van de ‘hoofdwet’ ook overgangsrecht en aanpassingen van specifieke wetten. Het ging dus steeds om ‘invoeringswetten’. De laatste jaren is deze methode in onbruik geraakt, omdat de inwerkingstelling van zowel de hoofdwet als de invoeringswet wordt gedelegeerd aan de regering, die beide wetten dan in werking laat treden via één inwerkingtredings-KB.
Les adolescentes font-elles moins de vélo en raison de moindres possibilités réelles d’investir l’espace public ?
Authors: Sayagh David 
Published: May 2019

Cadre de recherche : Les pratiques du vélo sont sous-tendues par des enjeux environnementaux, sanitaires et économiques considérables, mais les adolescentes en font particulièrement peu.
Objectifs : L’article ambitionne de se demander dans quelle mesure ce constat résulte d’inégalités d’opportunités réelles sexuées à investir l’espace public.
Méthodologie : Dispositionnaliste, l’analyse s’appuie sur deux campagnes d’observations (expérimentation et observation directes) et d’entretiens semi-directifs formels réalisés avec 43 garçons et 39 filles âgé·e·s de 17 ou 18 ans, ainsi que 26 de leurs parents, dans des milieux variés des métropoles de Montpellier et de Strasbourg.
Résultats : Les résultats indiquent que l’adolescence tend à se traduire par une période d’incorporation ou de renforcement de dispositions sexuées à investir l’espace public particulièrement restrictives pour les filles. De fait, les injonctions socialisatrices qui les concernent particulièrement participent notamment à renforcer leurs dispositions à craindre de se déplacer seules, de s’aventurer et de stationner dans l’espace public, lesquelles limitent considérablement leurs possibilités réelles de s’engager dans des formes de pratiques du vélo solitaires, aventurières, improvisées et d’occupation. Cela, alors même qu’on observe les tendances précisément inverses chez les garçons dans leur ensemble.
Conclusions : En explicitant de nombreuses variations observables au sein de chaque catégorie de sexe, notamment selon les milieux socio-économiques et résidentiels et selon les contextes, nous illustrons enfin que le vélo mérite d’être analysé comme une pratique de distinction à la fois sexuée, sociale et spatiale.
Contribution : Tout en justifiant l’intérêt de mobiliser une sociologie dispositionnaliste pour éclairer la (re)production des rapports sociaux de sexe à travers la (re)production d’inégalités de potentiels de mobilités, l’article illustre que le vélo constitue un fait social à part entière.
Les shoppings malls de Rabat : des espaces publics « par défaut » pour les jeunes adolescents Rbatis
Authors: Harroud Tarik 
Published: May 2019

Cadre de la recherche : De par leur offre commerciale et leur configuration spatiale inédite, les centres commerciaux au Maroc attirent des foules hétérogènes, incluant les jeunes et les adolescents qui y effectuent des pratiques rappelant les lieux publics de la ville
Objectifs : la contribution étudie les pratiques sociales et les images qu’associent les jeunes et particulièrement les adolescents aux espaces commerciaux en tant que nouveaux lieux de rencontre et de sociabilité
Méthodologie : le travail combine des entretiens réalisés auprès d’une trentaine de jeunes et adolescents et des séances d'observations portant sur leurs pratiques sociales effectuées dans quelques malls de Rabat
Résultats : la contribution montre comment ces malls sont l'objet d'images et de représentations fortes que ces profils juvéniles associaient auparavant aux lieux publics de la capitale. Ils s’érigent, à leurs yeux, comme de nouveaux espaces publics où l’image, le paraitre, le virtuel, l’hédonisme et le consumérisme occupent une place prépondérante dans leur rapport à l’urbanité.
Conclusions : Elle montre que des dimensions telles que la sécurité, l’animation, la consommation et la simulation sont de plus en plus des éléments prépondérants dans le rapport des jeunes et des adolescents aux espaces publics, justifiant leur engouement aux malls par rapport aux lieux publics traditionnels .
Contribution : Les malls doivent être pensés autrement que des lieux privés, fermés et marchands mais de plus en plus les supports d’une nouvelle urbanité mettant en exergue de nouveaux rapports à la ville et à l’espace public.