bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of the Hypnea musciformis species complex (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) with the recognition of cryptic species in the western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Nauer Fabio , Deluqui Gurgel Carlos Frederico , Ayres‐Ostrock Lígia Maria , Plastino Estela Maria , Oliveira Mariana Cabral 
Published: February 2019

Populations of the marine benthic red macroalgae Hypnea musciformis and Hypnea pseudomusciformis along the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were tested for phylogeographic structure using the DNA barcode COI‐5P combined with rbcL for the construction of the phylogenetic tree. Strong patterns of genetic structure were detected across 210 COI‐5P DNA sequences, and 37 COI‐5P haplotypes were found, using multiple statistical approaches. Hypnea musciformis was found in the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic, the Mediterrean Sea, Namibia, and along the Pacific coast of Mexico. Two new putative species were detected, Hypnea sp. 1 in the Caribbean Sea and Hypnea sp. 2 in the Dominican Republic. Three distinct marine phylogeographic provinces were recognized in the Southern Hemisphere for H. pseudomusciformis: Uruguay, South‐Southeast Brazil, and Northeast Brazil. The degree of genetic isolation and distinctness among these provinces varied considerably. The Uruguay province was the most genetically distinct, as characterized by four unique haplotypes not shared with any of the Brazilian populations. Statistically significant results support both, isolation by distance and isolation by environment hypotheses, explaining the formation and mantainance of phylogeographic structuring along the Uruguay‐Brazil coast. Geographic, taxonomic and molecular marker concordances were found between our H. pseudomusciformis results and published studies. Furthermore, our data indicate that the Hawaiian introduced populations of H. musciformis contain Hypnea sp. 1 haplotypes, the current known distribution of which is restricted to the Caribbean.
Outcomes of in‐hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation for patients with end‐stage liver disease
Authors: Ufere Nneka N. , Brahmania Mayur , Sey Michael , Teriaky Anouar , El‐Jawahri Areej , Walley Keith R. , Celi Leo A. , Chung Raymond T. , Rush Barret 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThere have been improving survival trends after in‐hospital cardiac arrest for the general population, but there is limited information on the outcomes of hospitalized patients with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) who undergo cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We aimed to examine survival to hospital discharge after receipt of in‐hospital CPR in patients with ESLD using a nationally representative sample.MethodsWe used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2006 to 2014 to identify adult patients who underwent in‐hospital CPR. Using multivariate modelling, we compared survival to hospital discharge for patients with ESLD to those without ESLD. We also compared outcomes of patients with ESLD to patients with metastatic cancer.ResultsA total of 177 533 patients underwent in‐hospital CPR, of which 1474 (0.8%) had ESLD. Patients with ESLD had lower rates of survival to hospital discharge compared to patients without ESLD (10.7% vs 28.6%, P < 0.01). In multivariate modelling, ESLD was significantly associated with lower odds of survival to hospital discharge after in‐hospital CPR (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.28‐0.44, P < 0.01). Among survivors of in‐hospital CPR, ESLD patients had a significantly lower chance of discharge to home compared to patients without ESLD (3.2% vs 8.0%, P < 0.05). Patients with ESLD also had lower rates of survival to hospital discharge compared to those with metastatic cancer (10.7% vs 15.5%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsOutcomes are poor after in‐hospital CPR in patients with ESLD and are worse than for patients with metastatic cancer. The current analysis can be used to inform goals of care discussions for patients with ESLD.
Evidence of bias during liver transplant evaluation of non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis patients
Authors: Danford Christopher J. , Iriana Sentia , Shen Changyu , Curry Michael P. , Lai Michelle 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients and a major source of post‐transplant mortality. We sought to examine the effect of comorbidities on listing for orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) in NASH patients.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we included all patients (n = 955) referred to Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center for OLT between January 2002 and September 2011 and followed their outcomes through March 2018.ResultsCompared with non‐NASH patients (n = 881), NASH patients (n = 74) were older, more likely female, more overweight, with higher rates of diabetes, hypertension and CVD. NASH patients were less likely to be listed for OLT (55% vs 68.9%, P = 0.01) and were more often declined for ‘medical comorbidities’ (36.1% vs 15.7%, P < 0.001). However, on multivariate analysis, the only significant predictors of listing were model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score (OR 1.04, P = 0.01), HCC (OR 2.16, P = 0.01), and diagnosis of non‐NASH cirrhosis (OR 2.56, P = 0.003) while controlling for comorbidities. NASH patients declined for OLT died primarily from their liver disease and were not more likely to die from CVD than non‐NASH patients. There was no difference in outcomes of NASH vs non‐NASH patients on the waitlist and post‐transplant.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates potential bias against NASH patients referred for OLT arising from heightened concern for comorbidities. Despite being declined for comorbidities, NASH patients are likely to die of their liver disease.
Application of WASP model for assessment of water quality for eutrophication control for a reservoir in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Mamani Larico Albert Johan , Zúñiga Medina Sebastián Adolfo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWater quality models are important tools for facilitating assessment of the main processes occurring in an aquatic system. To this end, a water quality analysis simulation programme (WASP8) was used to assess the eutrophication process in El Pañe Reservoir. The reservoir has a useful water volume of 99.6 hm3 and is connected to six other reservoirs located in the Chili Basin of the Arequipa Region. El Pañe Reservoir, which is the basin head, has exhibited eutrophication problems since 2014, causing water treatment problems for human consumption and a high probability of cyanotoxin releases from intensive algal blooms. Accordingly, the reservoir was divided into 11 segments, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, total phosphate, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and chlorophyll‐a being the simulated water quality parameters. The simulations were set in a steady state condition for 3 years from October 2015 to October 2018, subsequently determining aquaculture activity and benthic flux as being meaningful nutrient sources impacting the phytoplankton community. The results of the present study provide necessary evidence of the need to exhaustively quantify both sources in future research, which will aid decision makers in identifying the best management option that can help guarantee the sustainable development of the involved human activities.
Zoonotic Semiotics: Plague Narratives and Vanishing Signs in Madagascar
Authors: Sodikoff Genese Marie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZoonosis calls for a multispecies approach to medical semiotics, a method involving the decipherment of outward symptoms and the construction of narrative. In Madagascar, early detection of bubonic plague outbreaks relies on sightings of sick and dead rats. However, people most vulnerable to plague often do not perceive warning signs, and plague symptoms do not always present in rat and human bodies. In August 2015, a plague outbreak killed 10 residents of a rural hamlet in the central highlands. To reconstruct the transmission chain, scientists elicited survivors’ memories of dead rats in the vicinity. Not only were these clues imperceptible to most, but residents had also constructed an alternative outbreak narrative based on different evidence. Stark health disparities, a lack of historical memory of the plague, and genetic adaptations of rats and plague bacteria have created a problem of “semiotic cluelessness” that complicates outbreak control measures and increases mortality.
Changes in gene DNA methylation and expression networks accompany caste specialization and age‐related physiological changes in a social insect
Authors: Morandin Claire , Brendel Volker P. , Sundström Liselotte , Helanterä Heikki , Mikheyev Alexander S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSocial insects provide systems for studying epigenetic regulation of phenotypes, particularly with respect to differentiation of reproductive and worker castes, which typically arise from a common genetic background. The role of gene expression in caste specialization has been extensively studied, but the role of DNA methylation remains controversial. Here, we perform well replicated, integrated analyses of DNA methylation and gene expression in brains of an ant (Formica exsecta) with distinct female castes using traditional approaches (tests of differential methylation) combined with a novel approach (analysis of co‐expression and co‐methylation networks). We found differences in expression and methylation profiles between workers and queens at different life stages, as well as some overlap between DNA methylation and expression at the functional level. Large portions of the transcriptome and methylome are organized into “modules” of genes, some significantly associated with phenotypic traits of castes and developmental stages. Several gene co‐expression modules are preserved in co‐methylation networks, consistent with possible regulation of caste‐specific gene expression by DNA methylation. Surprisingly, brain co‐expression modules were highly preserved when compared with a previous study that examined whole‐body co‐expression patterns in 16 ant species, suggesting that these modules are evolutionarily conserved and for specific functions in various tissues. Altogether, these results suggest that DNA methylation participates in regulation of caste specialization and age‐related physiological changes in social insects.
Palmar hyperlinearity in early childhood atopic dermatitis is associated with filaggrin mutation and sensitization to egg
Authors: Fukuie Tatsuki , Yasuoka Ryuhei , Fujiyama Toshiharu , Sakabe Jun‐ichi , Taguchi Tomohide , Tokura Yoshiki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPalmar hyperlinearity is a typical clinical feature of Filaggrin gene (FLG) null mutations. There are reports of FLG mutations and allergic sensitization; however, reports on the relationship between palmar hyperlinearity to sensitization are limited. This study aimed to examine the association between palmar hyperlinearity and sensitization in atopic dermatitis (AD) children.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, case‐control study included children ˂ 6 years old with moderate‐severe AD whose parents consented for mutation analysis and photographic documentation. Each child underwent genotyping to detect the eight most prevalent FLG mutations in the Japanese population: R501X, 3321delA, S1695X, Q1701X, S2554X, S2889X, S3296X, and K4022X. Clinical features and parameters including egg‐specific IgE were examined, and palm photographs were evaluated by 12 trained dermatologists blinded to genotyping results.ResultsOf the 57 patients (age range, 2 months to 5 years; median, 22 months), 16 were heterozygotes and three were compound heterozygotes. Palmar hyperlinearity, as recognized by more than two‐thirds of dermatologists, was significantly associated with FLG mutation (P = 0.002, OR = 6.98, 95% CI = 2.1‐23.7), and this association was observed especially in children over 2 years. Cross‐shaped crease of the thenar eminence, as known in previous reports, also demonstrated significant correlation with FLG mutation. When the children were divided according to the presence or absence of palmar hyperlinearity, the egg white–specific IgE was significantly higher in the hyperlinearity group (55.9 vs 18.3 IU/mL, P < 0.05).ConclusionsPalmar hyperlinearity indicates possible inherited barrier abnormalities of the skin in early childhood. Its identification may help to predict a more accurate prognosis, such as sensitization.
Medallion‐like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma: A rare congenital CD34‐positive dermal lesion clinically and pathologically overlapping with fibroblastic connective tissue nevus
Authors: Horikawa Hiroto , Sato Tomotaka , Gomi Hiroko , Yamazaki Kazuto , Ishida Yasuo , Yuzaki Ikki , Fukuzumi Satoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBoth medallion‐like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma and fibroblastic connective tissue nevus are rare benign dermal lesions composed of CD34‐positive spindle cells. Although regarded as different diseases, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between them due to their clinical and pathological similarities. We present a case of medallion‐like dermal dendrocyte hamartoma that could also be diagnosed as fibroblastic connective tissue nevus and propose the possibility of overlap in these diseases.
When reach exceeds touch: Student experiences in a cross‐sector community‐based academic‐practice partnership
Authors: Janssen Breen Laurel , Diamond‐Caravella Monica , Moore Geraldine , Wruck Michelle , Guglielmo Claudia , Little Anne , Tedeschi Pamela , Zacharia Marianne , Cataletto Mary 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveA partnership between three nursing programs, multiple high‐needs public school districts and a local asthma coalition was developed as a way to build shared capacity aimed at improving health outcomes for children with asthma. This article explores student perceptions of their clinical experiences teaching asthma self‐management within a regional cross‐sector, community‐based, multi‐site academic‐practice partnership.DesignNursing faculty from three Long Island, New York‐based nursing programs within the partnership jointly created a qualitative focus group methodology to more fully understand the phenomena of interest. A set of open‐ended interview questions guided the sessions.SampleThrough purposive sampling, 42 undergraduate nursing students participated in 60‐min focus group sessions.MeasurementFocus group data were transcribed. Content analysis, coding, and theme development was carried out collaboratively. The unit of analysis was the individual participant responses informed by group interaction. A researcher diary was maintained.ResultsOne overarching theme and three sub‐themes emerged from the data, reflecting student understandings in the areas of positioning, professional/personal identity, and social awareness. Ongoing analysis revealed patterns across the data sets linking student learning and the goals, milieu and workings of the partnership.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the context of a thriving community‐based academic‐practice partnership, established to improve population health outcomes, offered unique clinical learning opportunities for students through exposure to the values, ideas, and innovation of the partnership itself.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (UV‐A+UV‐B) on the Antioxidant Metabolism of the Red Macroalga Species Acanthophora spicifera (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) From Different Salinity and Nutrient Conditions
Authors: Pereira Débora Tomazi , Pereira Bárbara , Fonseca Alessandra , Ramlov Fernanda , Maraschin Marcelo , Álvarez‐Gómez Félix , Figueroa Felix L. , Schmidt Éder Carlos , Bouzon Zenilda Laurita , Simioni Carmen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAcanthophora spicifera (M.Vahl) Børgesen is a macroalga of great economic importance. This study evaluated the antioxidant responses of two algal populations of A. spicifera adapted to different abiotic conditions when exposed to ultraviolet‐A+ultraviolet‐B radiation (UV‐A+UV‐B). Experiments were performed using the water at two collection points for 7 days of acclimatization and 7 days of exposure to UVR (3 h per day), followed by metabolic analyses. At point 1, water of 30 ± 1 practical salinity unit (psu) had concentrations of 1.06 ± 0.27 mm , 8.47 ± 0.01 mm , 0.17 ± 0.01 mm and pH 7.88. At point 2, water of 35 ± 1 psu had concentrations of 1.13 ± 0.05 mm , 3.73 ± 0.01 mm , 0.52 ± 0.01 mm and pH 8.55. Chlorophyll a, phycobiliproteins, carotenoids, mycosporins, polyphenolics and antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase) were evaluated. The present study demonstrates that ultraviolet radiation triggers antioxidant activity in the A. spicifera. However, such activation resulted in greater responses in samples of the point 1, with lower salinity and highest concentration of nutrients.
Dispersal and genetic differentiation of Syntrichia caninervis populations across different desert regions in China
Authors: Yin B. , Zhang Y. , Zhang T. , Lin L. , Lou A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The moss Syntrichia caninervis is widely distributed in cool temperate and cold deserts where environmental pressures create a dependence on asexual reproduction (fragment reproduction). However, when compared to sporophyte‐producing mosses, there is a lack of evidence to support the capacity of drought‐tolerant mosses that predominantly fragment and produce protonema to disperse over long distances.

We used 20 microsatellite loci to study genetic variation and structure in six populations (five natural populations and one population from a regeneration site) in three contrasting and widely separated regions of China.

The genetic diversity and expected heterozygosity were lower in populations from the Tengger Desert than in populations from the other regions. Using PCoA, UPGMA and Structure analysis, the genetic grouping divided the three regions into three distinct groups. This may indicate that in regions where S. caninervis reproduces predominantly asexually, propagules are spread mainly by short‐distance dispersal. The genetic diversity of the population from the regeneration site in the Tengger Desert was slightly higher than that of the nearby, naturally occurring population, and included some input from the Pamir Plateau almost 2,300 km to the west, suggesting long‐distance dispersal of S. caninervis propagules across the region.

Predominantly asexually reproducing populations of S. caninervis are mainly dependent on short‐distance dispersal. Long‐distance dispersal of S. caninervis propagules across the region is difficult. Establishment of populations with dominant asexual reproduction will eventually result in genetic differentiation.
Organizational aspects of pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Spruit Martijn A. , Wouters Emiel F.M. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAdult patients with chronic respiratory diseases may suffer from multiple physical (pulmonary and extra‐pulmonary), emotional and social features which necessitate a comprehensive, interdisciplinary rehabilitation programme. To date, pulmonary rehabilitation programmes show a lot of variation in setting, content, frequency and duration. Future projects should strive for a standard set of assessment measures to identify patients eligible for pulmonary rehabilitation, taking disease complexity into consideration, which should result in referral to an appropriate rehabilitation setting. Local circumstances may complicate this crucial endeavour.
How Do Sectoral Interests Shape Distributive Politics? Evidence from Gasoline and Diesel Subsidy Reforms
Authors: Blankenship Brian , Urpelainen Johannes 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSectoral interests play an important role in distributive politics, but their influence is difficult to measure. We compare the effect of international oil prices on subsidies for domestic gasoline and diesel consumption. Because diesel is used by a smaller number of organized agricultural and transportation interests, they are more capable of collective action than the dispersed beneficiaries of gasoline subsidies. The conventional wisdom holds that sectoral interests could mobilize to stop reform (e.g., price increases, deregulation). Challenging this view, we consider the possibility that sectoral interests promote reform by facilitating the targeted allocation of compensation and exemptions. An empirical analysis of gasoline and diesel prices, 1991–2012, strongly supports the second hypothesis: diesel prices respond to international oil prices more strongly than do gasoline prices. Quantitative tests and case studies allow us to explore causal mechanisms, verify that the gasoline‐diesel difference is related to actual policy reforms, and reject alternative explanations.
Modeling spatial overdispersion via the generalized Waring point process
Authors: Zografi Mimoza , Xekalaki Evdokia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractModeling spatial overdispersion requires point process models with finite‐dimensional distributions that are overdisperse relative to the Poisson distribution. Fitting such models usually heavily relies on the properties of stationarity, ergodicity, and orderliness. In addition, although processes based on negative binomial finite‐dimensional distributions have been widely considered, they typically fail to simultaneously satisfy the three required properties for fitting. Indeed, it has been conjectured by Diggle and Milne that no negative binomial model can satisfy all three properties. In light of this, we change perspective and construct a new process based on a different overdisperse count model, namely, the generalized Waring (GW) distribution. While comparably tractable and flexible to negative binomial processes, the GW process is shown to possess all required properties and additionally span the negative binomial and Poisson processes as limiting cases. In this sense, the GW process provides an approximate resolution to the conundrum highlighted by Diggle and Milne.
Interrelatedness of children’s psychological and physiological responses to interparental conflict: A moderating role of harsh parenting
Authors: Gao Mengyu Miranda , de Silva Aryanne D. , Mark Cummings E. , Davies Patrick T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChildren’s psychological and physiological responses to interparental conflict have received considerable attention due to their implications for later adjustment, yet limited research has investigated the interplay between these two response systems. This study investigates patterns of association between children’s psychological responses (e.g., emotional distress) and cortisol reactivity to interparental conflict, including possible moderations by negative caregiving environment. Participants included 193 families (mother, father, and child). Parents completed questionnaires relating to their caregiving behaviors toward the child (107 girls and 86 boys, M age = 7.99 years, SD = 0.53 years) and children’s psychological responses to interparental conflict. Children provided three saliva samples over the course of watching videos depicting conflicts between two adults, whom children were asked to pretend were their parents. Based on a series of Latent Growth Curve Models, only children’s emotional responses to interparental conflict (indicated by increased distress) were associated with greater cortisol reactivity. Additionally, fathers’ harsh parenting behavior moderated the relation between children’s emotional reactivity and cortisol reactivity, yet the moderation effect was not found for mothers’ parenting. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of exploring both psychological and physiological reactivity to conflict and the possible moderating role of harsh parenting.