bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The socioeconomic burden of patients affected by hemophilia with inhibitors
Authors: D'Angiolella Lucia S. , Cortesi Paolo A. , Rocino Angiola , Coppola Antonio , Hassan Hamisa J. , Giampaolo Adele , Solimeno Luigi P. , Lafranconi Alessandra , Micale Mariangela , Mangano Sveva , Crotti Giacomo , Pagliarin Federica , Cesana Giancarlo , Mantovani Lorenzo G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHemophilia is associated with a high financial burden on individuals, healthcare systems, and society. The development of inhibitors significantly increases the socioeconomic burden of the diseases. This study aimed to review and describe the burden of hemophilia with inhibitors, providing a reference scenario to assess the impact of new products in the real word. Two systematic literature reviews were performed to collect data on (i) health economics and (ii) health‐related quality of life evidences in hemophilic patients with inhibitors. The costs associated with patients with hemophilia and inhibitors are more than 3 times greater than the costs incurred in those without inhibitors, with an annual cost per patient that can be higher than €1 000 000. The costs of bypassing agents account for the large majority of the total healthcare direct costs for hemophilia treatment. The quality of life is more compromised in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors compared to those without inhibitors, in particular the physical domains, whereas mental domains were comparable to that of the general population. The development of an inhibitor has a high impact on costs and quality of life. New treatments have the potential to change positively the management and socioeconomic burden of hemophilia with inhibitors.
Median nerve stimulation induced motor learning in healthy adults: A study of timing of stimulation and type of learning
Authors: Carvalho Sandra , French Melanie , Thibaut Aurore , Lima Wilrama , Simis Marcel , Leite Jorge , Fregni Felipe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMedian nerve stimulation (MNS) has been shown to change brain metaplasticity over the somatosensory networks, based on a bottom‐up mechanism and may improve motor learning. This exploratory study aimed to test the effects of MNS on implicit and explicit motor learning as measured by the serial reaction time task (SRTT) using a double‐blind, sham‐controlled, randomized trial, in which participants were allocated to one of three groups: (a) online active MNS during acquisition, (b) offline active MNS during early consolidation and (c) sham MNS. SRTT was performed at baseline, during the training phase (acquisition period), and 30 min after training. We assessed the effects of MNS on explicit and implicit motor learning at the end of the training/acquisition period and at retest. The group receiving online MNS (during acquisition) showed a significantly higher learning index for the explicit sequences compared to the offline group (MNS during early consolidation) and the sham group. The offline group also showed a higher learning index as compared to sham. Additionally, participants receiving online MNS recalled the explicit sentence significantly more than the offline MNS and sham groups. MNS effects on motor learning have a specific effect on type of learning (explicit vs. implicit) and are dependent on timing of stimulation (during acquisition vs. early consolidation). More research is needed to understand and optimize the effects of peripheral electrical stimulation on motor learning. Taken together, our results show that MNS, especially when applied during the acquisition phase, is a promising tool to modulate motor leaning.
An analysis of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm with translocations involving the MYC locus identifies t(6;8)(p21;q24) as a recurrent cytogenetic abnormality
Authors: Sumarriva Lezama Lhara , Chisholm Karen M , Carneal Eugene , Nagy Alexandra , Cascio Michael J , Yan Jie , Chang Chung‐Che , Cherry Athena , George Tracy I , Ohgami Robert S 
Published: June 2018

AimsBlastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an aggressive neoplasm with leukaemic features and frequent skin involvement. Translocations involving the MYC locus have been recently identified as recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in this entity. The aim of this study was to assess the clinicopathological, immunophenotypic and genetic features in MYC‐rearranged BPDCN cases.Methods and resultsPathology archives from six major institutes were queried for cases of BPDCN with 8q24 MYC translocations, and two cases were identified. A literature review identified 14 cases. Clinicopathological features, immunophenotype and cytogenetic and molecular data were reviewed. In these 16 MYC‐rearranged cases, the median age at diagnosis was 70.5 years, and there was a male predominance. Whereas all cases showed marrow involvement, skin lesions (62.5%) and lymphadenopathy (50%) were variably seen. The median survival was 11 months. The median percentage of blasts in peripheral blood was 9%. All cases showed expression of CD4, with 10 of 16 being positive for CD56. HLA‐DR, CD123, TCL1 and CD303 were positive in all cases tested. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a single recurrent translocation partner of MYC at 6p21 in 11 cases (69%), whereas four cases showed different MYC translocation partners (2p12, Xq24, 3p25, and 14q32). Interestingly, the group of patients with t(6;8)(p21;q24) showed an older median age at diagnosis (74 years) and a remarkably shorter median survival (3 months).ConclusionsTranslocations involving the 8q24 MYC locus more frequently manifest as t(6;8)(p21;q24), and, given its association with specific clinicopathological features suggesting even more aggressive behaviour, t(6;8)(p21;q24) indicate a genetically defined subgroup within BPDCN.
A study on the effect of compositing silver oxide nanoparticles by carbon on the ‎electrochemical behavior and electronic properties of zinc‐silver oxide batteries ‎
Authors: Sabzi Masoud , Mersagh Dezfuli Saeid 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, the effect of compositing silver oxide nanoparticles by carbon on the electrochemical behavior and electronic properties of zinc‐silver oxide batteries have been investigated. For this purpose, firstly four silver oxide electrodes containing 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt% carbon powder were produced by powder metallurgy method. For the next step, all four silver oxide electrodes were sintered at 500°C for 10 minutes. Afterward and in order to investigate the microstructure, phase and elemental analysis of the electrodes were carried out using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Moreover, in order to investigate the effect of compositing silver oxide nanoparticles by carbon on the electrochemical behavior and electronic properties of zinc‐silver oxide, electrochemical tests (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and electric discharge test in 1.4 wt%KOH electrolyte were carried out respectively. The microstructural observations revealed that increasing carbon content in the silver oxide electrodes results in increasing the apparent porosities in these electrodes. Investigating the phase and elemental analysis results showed that by increasing the content of carbon in the silver oxide electrode, the amount of Ag2O and AgO phases in this electrode reduces and also the extent of pure silver formation increases. Investigations on the results of electrochemical tests showed that increasing carbon content results in the reduction of corrosion resistance in silver oxide electrodes. Moreover, the results of electric discharge test revealed that the silver oxide electrode containing 10wt% carbon yields the highest energy efficiency in the zinc‐silver oxide batteries.
Social partners' levers: job quality and industrial relations in the waste sector in three small European countries
Authors: Sørensen Ole Henning , Kirov Vassil , Holtgrewe Ursula 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article examines how social partners in the waste sector in Austria, Bulgaria and Denmark strive to protect job quality from negative impacts of two European trends: privatisation and greening. The article uses qualitative, comparative research to examine social partners' levers for protecting and improving job quality. Three levers are identified: negotiation power, collective agreements and general regulation that facilitate negotiation and social partnership. In general, privatisation has had a negative influence on job quality and the levers of collective actors, whereas the impact of greening is ambiguous, that is, not necessarily positive. The article concludes that stakeholders' ability to improve job quality is contingent upon their activity on both a national and European level.
Actin cytoskeleton assembly regulates collagen production via TGF‐β type II receptor in human skin fibroblasts
Authors: Qin Zhaoping , Fisher Gary J. , Voorhees John J. , Quan Taihao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe dermal compartment of skin is primarily composed of collagen‐rich extracellular matrix (ECM), which is produced by dermal fibroblasts. In Young skin, fibroblasts attach to the ECM through integrins. During ageing, fragmentation of the dermal ECM limits fibroblast attachment. This reduced attachment is associated with decreased collagen production, a major cause of skin thinning and fragility, in the elderly. Fibroblast attachment promotes assembly of the cellular actin cytoskeleton, which generates mechanical forces needed for structural support. The mechanism(s) linking reduced assembly of the actin cytoskeleton to decreased collagen production remains unclear. Here, we report that disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton results in impairment of TGF‐β pathway, which controls collagen production, in dermal fibroblasts. Cytoskeleton disassembly rapidly down‐regulates TGF‐β type II receptor (TβRII) levels. This down‐regulation leads to reduced activation of downstream effectors Smad2/Smad3 and CCN2, resulting in decreased collagen production. These responses are fully reversible; restoration of actin cytoskeleton assembly up‐regulates TβRII, Smad2/Smad3, CCN2 and collagen expression. Finally, actin cytoskeleton‐dependent reduction of TβRII is mediated by induction of microRNA 21, a potent inhibitor of TβRII protein expression. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism that links actin cytoskeleton assembly and collagen expression in dermal fibroblasts. This mechanism likely contributes to loss of TβRII and collagen production, which are observed in aged human skin.
Infant temperament reactivity and early maternal caregiving: independent and interactive links to later childhood attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms
Authors: Miller Natalie V. , Degnan Kathryn A. , Hane Amie A. , Fox Nathan A. , Chronis‐Tuscano Andrea 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAttention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with origins early in life. There is growing evidence that individual differences in temperament reactivity are predictive of ADHD symptoms, yet little is known about the relations between temperament reactivity in early infancy and later ADHD symptoms or the combined effect of reactivity with early environmental factors on ADHD symptom development. Using a 9‐year prospective longitudinal design, this study tested the independent and interactive contributions of infant reactivity and maternal caregiving behaviors (MCB) on parent‐ and teacher‐reported childhood ADHD symptoms.MethodsParticipants included 291 children (135 male; 156 female) who participated in a larger study of temperament and social–emotional development. Reactivity was assessed by behavioral observation of negative affect, positive affect, and motor activity during novel stimuli presentations at 4 months of age. MCB were observed during a series of semistructured mother–infant tasks at 9 months of age. Finally, ADHD symptoms were assessed by parent‐ and teacher‐report questionnaires at 7 and 9 years, respectively.ResultsReactivity was predictive of ADHD symptoms, but results were sex specific. For boys, infant motor activity was positively predictive of later ADHD symptoms, but only at lower quality MCB. For girls, infant positive affect was positively predictive of later ADHD symptoms at lower quality MCB, and—unexpectedly—infant positive affect and motor activity were negatively predictive of later ADHD symptoms at higher quality MCB.ConclusionsThese results point to early parenting as a moderating factor to mitigate temperament‐related risk for later ADHD, suggesting this as a potential intervention target to mitigate risk for ADHD among reactive infants.
Prediction of disease activity of Crohn's disease through fecal calprotectin evaluated by balloon‐assisted endoscopy
Authors: Iwamoto Fumihiko , Matsuoka Katsuyoshi , Motobayashi Maiko , Takenaka Kento , Kuno Toru , Tanaka Keisuke , Tsukui Yuya , Kobayashi Shoji , Yoshida Takashi , Fujii Toshimitsu , Saito Eiko , Yamaguchi Tatsuya , Nagahori Masakazu , Sato Tadashi , Ohtsuka Kazuo , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Watanabe Mamoru 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and AimFecal calprotectin (FC) is a useful marker for assessing the activity of intestinal inflammation. However, most studies have used ileocolonoscopy to evaluate the association of FC with intestinal inflammation, and it is not clear whether FC is useful for the evaluation of small‐bowel Crohn's disease (CD). This study aimed to determine the usefulness of FC for predicting intestinal inflammation evaluated by balloon‐assisted endoscopy (BAE), which can visualize the deep small intestine.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, observational study involving 69 CD patients, 39 of whom had only small‐bowel disease. The extended simplified endoscopic activity score for Crohn's disease (eSES‐CD) was calculated based on the findings of BAE. Mucosal healing was defined as an eSES‐CD of 0.ResultsIn all CD patients, FC levels were correlated with the eSES‐CD (r = 0.663, P < 0.001). The cutoff value to predict mucosal healing was 92 mg/kg, with a sensitivity of 94%, specificity of 88%, positive predictive value of 98%, negative predictive value of 64%, and the area under the curve of 0.91. Even in small‐bowel CD patients, FC levels were correlated with the eSES‐CD (r = 0.607, P < 0.001). The cutoff value was 92 mg/kg, with a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 88%, positive predictive value of 96%, negative predictive value of 64%, and area under the curve of 0.85.ConclusionsFecal calprotectin showed a significant correlation with the intestinal inflammation evaluated with BAE even in patients with only small intestinal disease. FC is useful for the evaluation of CD including both the small and large intestines.
Linking the defence of territory to food sovereignty: Peasant environmentalisms and extractive neoliberalism in Guatemala
Authors: Copeland Nicholas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFood sovereignty and the defence of territory are increasingly influential environmental paradigms for rural social movements in opposition to free market hegemony in the global south. These paradigms propose radical alternatives to growth based economies, unequal property regimes, and the absolute territorial sovereignty of nation states. Drawing on fieldwork in rural Guatemala with progressive NGOs and social movements, this essay describes these tendencies' origins and characteristic discourses and demands, examines their links to traditional peasant politics and indigenous rights movements, and assesses their divergences, limitations, and possibilities for synergy. Building on Joan Martínez‐Alier' conception of the “environmentalism of the poor”, I show how these “peasant environmentalisms” converge and reinforce one another while responding to different aspects of neoliberalism's threat to lives, livelihoods, and territories during Guatemala's conflict‐ridden transition to neoliberal democracy. I also discuss how their convergence has expanded thinking about territorial alternatives and suggest that holding these paradigms in tension is vital to build broad coalitions among a fragmented peasantry. I propose food sovereignty as the economic model of the plurinational state.
The impact of advanced nurse practitioners on patient outcomes in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review
Authors: McCrory Geraldine , Patton Declan , Moore Zena , O'Connor Tom , Nugent Linda 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYBackgroundManagement of individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires a collaborative approach. Nurses have diversified their skills to take on roles which have been traditionally physician‐led. The impact of such roles, mainly that of the advanced nurse practitioner (ANP), has not been previously assessed using a systematic approach.ObjectivesThe aim of this systematic review (SR) was to determine the impact of the addition of an ANP on patient outcomes in adults with CKD.DesignA SR, following the guidance of PRISMA was undertaken.MethodsPopulation: adults with CKD. Intervention: ANP. Databases searched included The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase and Medline.MeasurementsOutcome measures were blood pressure (BP), lipids, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), phosphate and parathormone (PTH) measures and recommended medication use.ResultsFour studies met the inclusion criteria. All possessed external validity and demonstrated low risk for random sequence generation and allocation concealment but were at high risk of performance bias and detection bias. The addition of an ANP resulted in the superior management of BP in all studies. Three studies reported improved control of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and PTH. One study reported greater achievement of phosphate control. Glycaemic control was equal in both groups. All studies reported higher rates of recommended medication use.ConclusionThe addition of an ANP is superior or equal to the usual care models for the management of BP, LDL, PTH and glycaemic control in adults with CKD.
Phylogenetic diversity is a better measure of biodiversity than taxon counting
Authors: Miller Joseph T. , Jolley‐Rogers Garry , Mishler Brent D. , Thornhill Andrew H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiodiversity is most commonly measured in taxonomic richness. For example, it is common to describe how diverse a genus or a geographic area is by counting the number of species within them. Phylogenetic diversity (PD), a measurement of the branch lengths in a phylogenetic tree, is a better measure of biodiversity that provides a comparable, evolutionary measure of biodiversity not possible with species counts. Despite its advantages, PD is rarely used as the primary measure of biodiversity. We developed a genus‐level phylogeny for nearly 90% of taxonomically described Australian land plants and compared PD to genus richness in multiple clades. The proportion of PD per genera was skewed among clades. Non‐angiosperm clades had more PD than expected given the number of genera while angiosperm clades had less PD than expected. For example, ferns comprised only 4.7% of the genera yet 13.0% of the PD, while the angiosperms as a whole comprised 78.9% of the genera but only 62.7% of the PD. It is likely that cultural reasons, such as taxonomic biases, are more important than methodological and biological phenomena in explaining these discrepancies. Regardless of reasons for the observed results, we conclude that a shift towards the use of PD as the primary descriptor of biodiversity will promote an important conceptual shift in biodiversity studies as a quantitative science.
Invasive plants in Minnesota are “joining the locals”: A trait‐based analysis
Authors: Lodge Alexandra G. , Whitfeld Timothy J. S. , Roth Alexander M. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuestionsPredicting which newly arrived species will establish and become invasive is a problem that has long vexed researchers. In a study of cold temperate oak forest stands, we examined two contrasting hypotheses regarding plant functional traits to explain the success of certain non‐native species. Under the “join the locals” hypothesis, successful invaders are expected to share traits with resident species because they employ successful growth strategies under light‐limited understorey conditions. Instead, under the “try harder” hypothesis, successful invaders are expected to have traits different from native species in order to take advantage of unused niche space.LocationMinnesota, USA.MethodsWe examined these two theories using 109 native and 11 non‐native plants in 68 oak forest stands. We focused on traits related to plant establishment and growth, including specific leaf area (SLA), leaf carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratio (C:N), wood density, plant maximum height, mycorrhizal type, seed mass and growth form. We compared traits of native and non‐native species using ordinations in multidimensional trait space and compared community‐weighted mean (CWM) trait values across sites.ResultsWe found few differences between trait spaces occupied by native and non‐native species. Non‐native species occupied smaller areas of trait space than natives, yet were within that of the native species, indicating similar growth strategies. We observed a higher proportion of non‐native species in sites with higher native woody species CWM SLA and lower CWM C:N. Higher woody CWM SLA was observed in sites with higher soil pH, while lower CWM C:N was found in sites with higher light levels.ConclusionsNon‐native plants in this system have functional traits similar to natives and are therefore “joining the locals.” However, non‐native plants may possess traits toward the acquisitive end of the native plant trait range, as evidenced by higher non‐native plant abundance in high‐resource environments.
Overmarking by adult females in four equid species: social bonds and group cohesion
Authors: Tučková V. , Šárová R. , Bartošová J. , King S. R. B. , Pluháček J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractScent marking by overmarking deposits made by conspecifics has been well studied in male mammals, but this phenomenon remains poorly understood and rarely studied in females. Furthermore, in socially living mammals like most ungulate species many of the established hypotheses cannot be applied, leaving the function of female overmarking unexplained. In this study, we suggest and test a novel hypothesis: maintenance of social bonds. We examined the occurrence of adult female overmarking in equids and test three classical hypotheses which may explain this phenomenon: group cohesion, intrasexual competition and social hierarchy. We observed all African equid species (Equus africanus, E. grevyi, E. quagga, E. zebra) in five zoos. In total, we recorded 4668 eliminations by 130 individuals; 327 of these events were overmarked by 69 individual females representing all species. Adult females overmarked individuals of each age and sex category, but mostly other females and foals. The rate of overmarking within a dyad of adult females increased with increasing ‘friendship’ of the dyad, thus demonstrating for the first time that overmarking can serve to support social bonds in mammals. In addition, we found a higher overmarking rate among females in the temporary absence of a stallion than in his presence suggesting partial support for the group cohesion hypothesis. On the other hand, we found no evidence supporting hypotheses of intrasexual competition and social hierarchy. We suggest that the use of overmarking to maintain social bonds may be more important in mammals like equids that live in groups of unrelated individuals.