bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative prognostic analysis for triple-negative breast cancer with metaplastic and invasive ductal carcinoma
Authors: Li Yaming , Zhang Ning , Zhang Hanwen , Yang Qifeng 
Published: March 2019

AimsTriple-negative breast cancer comprises different histological subtypes, including metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) and ductal carcinomas (IDCs). The purpose of this study was to compare triple-negative MBC (TN-MBC) with triple-negative IDC (TN-IDC) in terms of survival and predictive factors.MethodsWith access to the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database, a total of 19 383 patients met the eligibility criteria. Clinicopathological characteristics were compared between groups using the χ2test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to evaluate the disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). Subgroup analyses summarised the hazard ratios of TN-MBC versus TN-IDC using a forest plot.ResultsA total of 586 patients with TN-MBC and 18 797 with TN-IDC were included in this study. Patients with TN-MBC were older and presented with larger tumour sizes, relatively rare lymph node positive disease, and had received more chemotherapy. Compared with TN-IDC, the TN-MBC group showed a significantly poorer prognosis before and after the 1:3 matched case-control analysis. Further subgroup analysis indicated that patients with TN-MBC were older, were from specific races, and those with distant metastasis and not receiving radiotherapy had worse prognosis than patients with TN-IDC in terms of DFS and OS.ConclusionOur results showed that patients with TN-MBC had unique clinicopathological characteristics and poorer prognostic subtype compared with TN-IDC. This improves our understanding of the clinicopathological and prognostic features of this rare entity but also provides more convincing therapeutic guidelines for TN-MBC in patients with breast cancer.
Driven by Grief, Inspired by Christ
Authors: Mesick Clair E. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPaul’s enigmatic claim of being “beside himself” (ἐξίστηµι) in 2 Cor 5:13 has been interpreted as a reference to an episode of religious ecstasy, an incident of erratic behavior, or a criticism of Paul’s poor rhetoric and leadership. Among its wide range of meanings, however, ἐξίστηµι denotes excessive emotion; it is used in classical texts to describe those swept away by immoderate anger or grief or even those moved or transported by the power of a rhetor’s words. Drawing on these texts, and following a suggestion by James Kennedy in 1903, the author will argue that in 2 Cor 5:13 Paul is controlling for the legitimate possibility that his prior correspondence with the Corinthians, specifically 2 Corinthians 10–13, might have been seen as furious, emotional, or even violent, and reinterpreting any seemingly immoderate anger or foolish speech as done wholly in service of God and compelled by Christ.
Church, State and American Evangelicalism: A Political Missiology for the Poor
Authors: Smith Jyl Hall 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
How should the American church tackle domestic poverty, and how should US faith-based aid organizations approach the change process in developing countries? These questions about aspects of the church in mission are best answered in light of a wider historical debate about the relationship between church and state. In this article, I explore the history of this relationship and argue that the radical separation of church and state favored by conservative evangelicals in the United States, harms the disadvantaged both domestically and abroad. Just as governments should not abrogate their responsibility to the poor, Christian institutions should not shrink from their God-given task of holding secular, political authorities to account.
Review of bone graft and bone substitutes with an emphasis on fracture surgeries
Authors: Sohn Hoon-Sang , Oh Jong-Keon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Autogenous bone graft is the gold standard bone graft material. However, due to limitations of supply and morbidity associated with autograft harvest, various bone substitutes have been considered. This article aims to review the properties of the bone graft and various bone substitutes currently available in orthopedic surgery.

Main body
Synthetic bone substitutes consist of hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, or a combination of these minerals. Synthetic porous substitutes share several advantages over allografts, including unlimited supply, easy sterilization, and storage. However, they also have some disadvantages, such as brittle properties, variable rates of resorption, and poor performance in some clinical conditions. Recently, attention has been drawn to osteoinductive materials, such as demineralized bone matrix and bone morphogenetic proteins.

Conclusion
Despite tremendous efforts toward developing autograft alternatives, a single ideal bone graft substitute has not been developed. The surgeon should understand the properties of each bone graft substitute to facilitate appropriate selection in each specific clinical situation.
Brassinosteroid signaling in plant development and adaptation to stress
Authors: Planas-Riverola Ainoa , Gupta Aditi , Betegón-Putze Isabel , Bosch Nadja , Ibañes Marta , Caño-Delgado Ana I. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that are essential for plant growth and development. These hormones control the division, elongation and differentiation of various cell types throughout the entire plant life cycle. Our current understanding of the BR signaling pathway has mostly been obtained from studies using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model. In this context, the membrane steroid receptor BRI1 (BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1) binds directly to the BR ligand, triggering a signal cascade in the cytoplasm that leads to the transcription of BR-responsive genes that drive cellular growth. However, recent studies of the primary root have revealed distinct BR signaling pathways in different cell types and have highlighted cell-specific roles for BR signaling in controlling adaptation to stress. In this Review, we summarize our current knowledge of the spatiotemporal control of BR action in plant growth and development, focusing on BR functions in primary root development and growth, in stem cell self-renewal and death, and in plant adaption to environmental stress.
The juvenility-associated long noncoding RNA Gm14230 maintains cellular juvenescence
Authors: Tano Ayami , Kadota Yosuke , Morimune Takao , Jam Faidruz Azura , Yukiue Haruka , Bellier Jean-Pierre , Sokoda Tatsuyuki , Maruo Yoshihiro , Tooyama Ikuo , Mori Masaki 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Juvenile animals possess distinct properties that are missing in adults. These properties include capabilities for higher growth, faster wound healing, plasticity and regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these juvenile physiological properties are not fully understood. To obtain insight into the distinctiveness of juveniles from adults at the molecular level, we assessed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are highly expressed selectively in juvenile cells. The noncoding elements of the transcriptome were investigated in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes isolated from juvenile and adult mice. Here, we identified 62 juvenility-associated lncRNAs (JAlncs), which are selectively expressed in both hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes from juvenile mice. Among these common (shared) JAlncs, Gm14230 is evolutionarily conserved and is essential for cellular juvenescence. Loss of Gm14230 impairs cell growth and causes cellular senescence. Gm14230 safeguards cellular juvenescence through recruiting the histone methyltransferase Ezh2 to Tgif2, thereby repressing the functional role of Tgif2 in cellular senescence. Thus, we identify Gm14230 as a juvenility-selective lncRNA required to maintain cellular juvenescence.
A Falsifiability Characterization of Double Robustness Through Logical Operators
Authors: Frangakis Constantine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We address the characterization of problems in which a consistent estimator exists in a union of two models, also termed as a doubly robust estimator. Such estimators are important in missing information, including causal inference problems. Existing characterizations, based on the semiparametric theory of projections, have seen sufficient progress, but can still leave one’s understanding less than satisfied as to when and especially why such estimation works. We explore here a different, explanatory characterization – an exegesis based on logical operators. We show that double robustness exists if and only if we can produce consistent estimators for each contributing model based on an “AND” estimator, i. e., an estimator whose consistency generally needs both models to be correct. We show how this characterization explains double robustness through falsifiability.
Mining Community Development in South Africa: A Critical Consideration of How the Law and Development Approach the Concept “Community”
Authors: Heyns Anri 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The legislative system that provides for the socio-economic development of mining communities in South Africa has been under significant scrutiny in recent times. Various instances of conflict between mining communities and mining companies, of which the Marikana Massacre of 2012 is certainly the most noteworthy, show that mining communities expect mining companies to contribute more to the improvement of their living conditions. The relationship between mining communities and mining companies are exposed to the various socio-economic challenges that other sectors of the South African economy currently face. However, considering the legislative system in the mining industry specifically and in terms of a conceptual approach may show to the unique challenges the industry faces when it comes to mine community development. A conceptual approach requires asking whether the way in which the legislative system is framed and the rhetoric it promotes do not create expectations with mining communities that cannot be met by mining companies, because mining communities are not accurately depicted in the legislative system. The legislative system promotes “mine community development” by means of a complex interaction between various pieces of legislation and policy guidelines. At the centre of this interaction are the definitions of “community” and “mine community”. These definitions have been amended quite a few times since the enactment of the legislative system, attesting to the difficulty for the law to capture “community”. The latest iterations of the definitions are criticised for their ambiguity, causing uncertainty as to who should benefit from mine community development. This paper proposes that there is a conceptual problem when catering for communities, and not individuals, in a development paradigm, posing challenges for accurately defining “community”. It is not argued that community development should not be promoted, but a possible reason for why mine community development is not successful is proposed. The South African mining legislative system will be considered in parallel with relevant international legal instruments.
Fatal squamous cell carcinoma from necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum in a diabetic patient
Authors: Lefkovits Yael , Adler Amanda 
Published: March 2019

Summary
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) is a chronic granulomatous dermatitis generally involving the anterior aspect of the shin, that arises in 0.3–1.2% of patients with diabetes mellitus (1). The lesions are often yellow or brown with telangiectatic plaque, a central area of atrophy and raised violaceous borders (2). Similar to other conditions with a high risk of scarring including burns, stasis ulcers and lupus vulgaris, NLD provides a favourable environment for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) formation (3). A number of cases of SCC from NLD have been recorded (3, 4, 5); however, our search of the literature failed to identify any cases of either metastatic or fatal SCC which developed within an area of NLD. This article describes a patient with established type 1 diabetes mellitus who died from SCC which developed from an area of NLD present for over 10 years. Currently, there are a paucity of recommendations in the medical literature for screening people with NLD for the early diagnosis of SCC. We believe that clinicians should regard non-healing ulcers in the setting of NLD with a high index of clinical suspicion for SCC, and an early biopsy of such lesions should be recommended.

Learning points:

Non-healing, recalcitrant ulcers arising from necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, which fail to heal by conservative measures, should be regarded with a high index of clinical suspicion for malignancy.

If squamous cell carcinoma is suspected, a biopsy should be performed as soon as possible to prevent metastatic spread, amputation or even death.

Our literature search failed to reveal specific recommendations for screening and follow-up of non-healing recalcitrant ulcers in the setting of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum.

Further research is required in this field.
Estado nutricional de niños menores de cinco años en el caribe colombiano
Authors: Ghisays Lopez Maria Jose , Lastre Amell Gloria , Suárez Villa Mariela , Fuentes Sandoval Yoleines , Schonewolff Goenaga Silvana , Verdooren  Muñoz Kiara 
Published: March 2019

Introducción: Este artículo aborda aspectos relacionados con el estado nutricional de los niños menores de 5 años en una IPS del municipio de Soledad, Atlántico. Los indicadores antropométricos son de gran utilidad para valorar el estado de salud y nutrición de los niños, permitiendo medir de forma indirecta la calidad de vida de una población y el diagnóstico nutricional del niño. El objetivo es determinar los índices antropométricos relacionados con el estado nutricional en niños menores de 5 años en Soledad, Atlántico.
Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa descriptiva transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 140 niños y niñas menores de 5 años asistentes al programa de recuperación nutricional, a los cuales se les evaluó el estado nutricional mediante el patrón de referencia y puntos de corte para la clasificación antropométrica del estado nutricional.
Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos de esta investigación muestran que el 56% de la población son niñas, de las cuales el 59% está en riesgo de desnutrición global, siendo las menores de 2 años las más afectadas (35 %), el 36% en desnutrición global; en niños el 43% se encuentra en riesgo de desnutrición global, siendo el 24% menores de 2 años.
Conclusión: Evaluar el crecimiento de los niños mediante la antropometría constituye un indicador que resume varias condiciones relacionadas con salud y nutrición, y reflejan la problemática que está afectando la salud de esta franja poblacional, por tanto la buena nutrición puede cambiar fundamentalmente la vida de los niños, mejorar su desarrollo físico, mental y proteger su salud.
2-Metoksipiridin-3-Boronik Asitin Lineer Olmayan Özellikleri, Konformasyonel, Titreşimsel ve Elektronik Yapısı Üzerine Substitüent Etkisinin Kuantum Mekanik Metodlar ile Araştırılması
Authors: UĞURLU Güventürk 
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada, 2-metoksipiridin-3-boronik asit (I) ve 6-sübstitüe-2-metoksipiridin-3-boronik asit türevleri; 6-floro-2-metoksipiridin-3-boronik (II) ve 6-kloro-2-metoksipiridin-3- boronik asit (III) moleküllerinin yapısal parametreleri, titreşim frekansları, dipol moment (μ), polarizebilite (α) ve hiperpolarizebilite (β) değerleri Hartree Fock (HF) ve Yoğunluk Fonksiyonel Teorisi (DFT/B3LYP) metotlarında 6-311 ++ G (d, p) temel seti kullanılarak hesaplatıldı. I, IIve III moleküllerinin en yüksek dolu molekül orbital (HOMO) ve en düşük boş molekül orbital (LUMO) aynı metot-temel seti kombinasyonu ile hesaplandı ve enerji aralıkları (ΔEg) incelendi. 1H ve 13C-NMR kimyasal kayma değerleri GIAO yaklaşımına göre gaz fazında B3LYP/6-311+G (2d,p) ve HF/6-31G (d) yöntemleri ile hesalandı. Ayrıca, moleküllerin potansiyel enerji yüzeyi (PEY), C1-C2-B-O1 dihedral açısının fonksiyonu olarak her iki metotta 6-31+G temel seti kullanılarak yapıldı. Hesaplanan PEY üzerinde 0˚, 140˚, 220˚ ve 360˚’ de minimum, 90˚, 180˚ ve 270˚ de ise maksimumlar yer almaktadır. Moleküllerin hiperpolarizebilite değerlerinin sıralaması III&gt;II&gt;Işeklindedir. En büyük bariyer yüksekliğine180˚ de I molekülünün sahip olduğu görüldü. I, IIve IIImoleküllerinin dipol moment değerleri sırasıyla, B3LYP / 6-311 ++ G (d, p) metot-temel seti kombinasyonu ile 1.18, 1.19 ve1.25 HF / 6-311 ++ G (d, p) metot-temel seti kombinasyonu 1.17, 1.16 ve 1.30 Debye bulundu. Her iki metotta hesaplanan I molekülünün yapısal parametreleri, literatürdeki verilerle karşılaştırıldı ve yapısal parametreler arasında iyi bir uyum olduğu görüldü.
Sütün Fonksiyonel nitelikli Biyoaktif Bileşenleri
Authors: ARSLANER Ayla , SALIK Mehmet Ali 
Published: March 2019

Süt ve süt ürünleri antikanserojen,
antibakteriyel, antitoksin, antiviral, antienflamatuar, antitrombotik ve bağışıklık
sistemini güçlendiren ayrıca insan organizmasında birçok fonksiyonel
aktivitenin düzenlenmesinde rol oynayan biyoaktif bileşenlere kaynaklık
etmektedir. Bunlardan bazıları; kazein, serum proteinleri, α-Laktoalbumin,
β-Laktaglobulin, proteaz ve peptonlar, serum albümini, immünoglobulinler,
glikomakropepditler, laktoferrin, laktoperoksidaz ve lizozim; DHA, EPA, KLA, fosfolipitler, steroller, vitaminler
ve melatonin gibi bazı lipit bazlı bileşenler; kalsiyum ve fosfor gibi
minerallerdir. Bu bileşenlerden biyolojik değeri yüksek olan serum proteinleri
ve bu proteinlerin hidrolizi ile elde edilen protein ve peptid fraksiyonları
gıdaların besin değerini artırma ve yapısal özelliklerini geliştirmenin yanı
sıra, gıdalara fonksiyonellik kazandırma amaçlı da kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca
sütte doğal antimikrobiyal özelliğe sahip olan laktoferrin, laktoperoksidaz ve
lizozim gibi maddeler ile antioksidan özelliğe sahip çeşitli yağ asitlerinin,
gıda muhafazasında kullanımının tavsiye edildiği araştırma sayısı gün geçtikçe
artmaktadır. Bu derlemede sütte mevcut bazı biyoaktif bileşenler ve bu
bileşenlerin fonksiyonel gıda üretiminde kullanım potansiyelleri ele
alınmıştır.
(4-Aryldiazenil)anilinlerin Karışık Skuarat Türevlerinin Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve Bazı Spektroskopik Özellikleri
Authors: EYDURAN Fatih , ÜNSAL Melih , BODUR Gözde 
Published: March 2019

Primer aromatik azo-aminlerin, dietoksiskuarat
(DES) ile yer değiştirme tepkimesi sonucu; olası ürünlerden tekli yer değiştirme ürünü olan
(bileşik M ve G) karışık skuaramatlar (MSA’lar) sentezlendi. Bileşikler M ve
G’nin kimyasal yapıları spektroskopik yöntemler (1H-NMR, FTIR) ve
mikro element analizi kullanılarak aydınlatıldı. Ayrıca bileşiklerin çeşitli
çözücüler içinde UV-Görünür bölge absorpsiyon spektrumları da elde edildi. Bileşik G’nin 1H-NMR spektrumunda,
etil grubu protonlarının sinyallerinde, syn/anti rotamer oluşumundan
kaynaklanan bir bozulma gözlenmektedir. Bileşik M’in kloroform ve DMSO içindeki
UV-Görünür bölge absorpsiyon spektrumlarından belirlenen λmak değerleri,
p-Aminoazobenzen’in karşılık gelen değerleri ile karşılaştırıldığında, bileşik
M’in 2-etoksi-3,4-dion-1-siklobütenil grubunun bu çözücüler içinde sırasıyla
14.5 ve 15 nm’lik hipsokromik kaymaya neden olduğu görülebilir. Spektroskopik
veriler, bileşikler M ve G’nin kullanılan çözücüler içinde enamin-diketo formda
bulunduğunu göstermektedir.
İndirgenmiş Diferansiyel Dönüşüm Metodu ile Fokker-Planck Denkleminin Yaklaşık Çözümü
Authors: Arslan Derya 
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışmada, kısmi türevli denklemler sınıfına ait Fokker-Planck denkleminin
etkili bir nümerik yöntem olan indirgenmiş diferansiyel dönüşüm metodu ile
yaklaşık analitik çözümü incelenir. Bu
çözüm seri formda oluşur. Tam ve yaklaşık çözümde ve ’ye farklı değerler
verilerek grafikler çizilir, elde edilen sayısal sonuçlar tablolar üzerinde
gösterilir. Tüm bu veriler, indirgenmiş
diferansiyel dönüşüm metodunun, sayısal terimleri hızlı ve kolay bir şekilde
hesapladığını, üstelik yakınsak analitik bir yaklaşım sağladığını gösterir.
Gaziantep İli Antepfıstığı Bahçelerinde Örümcek Faunası Ve Zararlılara Karşı Laboratuvarda Etkinliklerinin Araştırılması
Authors: AKPINAR Adile , VAROL Muhammed İsmail 
Published: March 2019

Çalışmada Gaziantep ili antepfıstığı bahçelerinde 2002-2015 yılları arasında toplanan zararlılar ve onların avcısı olabilecek örümcekler araştırılmıştır. Örümcekler çukur tuzak, elle, aspiratör, japon şemsiyesi ile yakalanmıştır. Örümceklerden 13 familyaya ait 46 tür tespit edilmiştir. Antepfıstığı zararlıları ile yapılan biyolojik kontrol çalışmalarında;Eutelia adulatrix (Hübner)için 2 örümcek, Sulamicerus staliiçin 7 örümcek, Megastigmus pistaciae (Walker)için 4 örümcek, Chaetoptelius vestitus (Mulsant &amp; Rey)için 3 örümcek türü avcı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Örümceklerin antepfıstığı alanlarında yaşayan zararlılara karşı önemli avcılar olduğu ve biyolojik mücadelede kullanılabilecekleri belirlenmiştir.
Geleneksel Olarak Yara Tedavisinde Kullanılan Kudret Narı (Momordica charantia L.) Zeytinyağı Maseratı Kullanılarak Krem Formunun Geliştirilmesi ve İn Vitro Yara İyi Edici Etkisinin Araştırılması
Authors: İNCE İskender , ÇIĞIRGİL Nurgül , GÜMÜŞTAŞ Barış , KOZGUŞ GÜLDÜ Özge , KARAMAN Damla , MEDİNE Emin İlker , GÜLER Günnur , KARASULU Ercüment 
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışma, halk arasında geleneksel olarak dahilen ve haricen yara iyileştirici
olarak kullanılan kudret narı (Momordica
charantia)-zeytinyağı karışımından yara iyi edici prototip krem formunun
hazırlanması, hazırlanan krem formunun standardizasyonu ve kalite kontrol
çalışmaları ile yara iyileştirici etkisinin belirlenmesi için in vitro hücre kültürü yöntemi
kullanılarak araştırılması amacıyla dizayn edilmiştir.Çalışma
kapsamında öncelikle kudret narı zeytinyağı karışımı hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan
krem formunun total flavonoid içerikleri spektrofotometrik ve yüksek basınçlı
sıvı kromatografi yöntemleri kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Hazırlanan Kudret
narı krem formunun invitro kalite kontrol çalışmalarında total flavonoid
miktarı, pH, vizkozite ve stabilite
tayinleri ile biyolojik
aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi kapsamında,
BJ ve HaCaT hücreleri ile gerçekleştirilen in vitro hücre migrasyonu çalışmaları ile yara iyileştirici etkileri belirlenmiştir.

Kudret narı – zeytinyağı maseratı ve farmasötik kalitede yardımcı maddeler
kullanılarak hazırlanan laboratuvar ölçekli krem formu total flavonoid içeriği üzerinden standardize
edilmiş, yapılan 40 °C % 60 nemde yürütülen çalışmalarda ürünün stabil
olduğu ve in vitro yara iyileştirme
modelinde BJ ve HaCaT hücrelerinde artan
dozlarla (1,10,30) birlikte kontrol grubuna karşılık hücre migrasyonunun
arttığı gözlenmiştir
The Chronic Effects of Salinity in the Biology of ?? Rotifers Brachionus calyciflorus Pallas
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

The present study included the effect of chronic exposure for two concentrations of NaC? salt on the biology of fresh water zooplankton species Brachionus calyciflorus (from ^otifera). The concentrations 0.5 , 0.75%o were used for chronic exposure to investigate its effects on the life tables, range of the rate of expectation for further life and reproduction. The rotifer B. calyciflorus was sensitive to salinity and may tried to protect the species by increasing the size (2.22 ind./clutch lor control group and 2.9? for 0.5%o concentration) and number of clutches produced ?.1? clutch/female for control group and 2.9 ' ' ' for 0.75 %0 concentration) beside stimulation the animal to produce the first clutch of eggs earlier? ? small reduction in mean longevity of the animal was noticed (8.1 day for control grou^ and7.	? day for 0.75 %0 concentration) while there was no effect on its average length and daily increasing during its life span