bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Carbohydrate Synthesis: Stereoretentive Reactions of Anomeric Stannanes
Authors: Zhu Feng , O'Neill Sloane , Rodriguez Jacob , Walczak Maciej A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this Concept article, recent advances are highlighted in the synthesis and applications of anomeric nucleophiles, a class of carbohydrates in which the C1 carbon bears a carbon–metal bond. First, the advantages of exploiting the carboanionic reactivity of carbohydrates and the methods for the synthesis of mono‐ and oligosaccharide stannanes are discussed. Second, recent developments in the glycosyl cross‐coupling method resulting in the transfer of anomeric configuration from C1 stannanes to C‐aryl glycosides are reviewed. These highly stereoretentive processes are ideally suited for the preparation of carbohydrate‐based therapeutics and were demonstrated in the synthesis of antidiabetic drugs. Next, the application of the glycosyl cross‐coupling method to the preparation of Se‐glycosides and to glycodiversification of small molecules and peptides are highlighted. These reactions proceed with exclusive anomeric control for a broad range of substrates and tolerate carbohydrates with free hydroxyl groups. Taken together, anomeric nucleophiles have emerged as powerful tools for the synthesis of oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates and their future applications will open new possibilities to incorporate saccharides into small molecules and biologics.
Aberrant DNA methylation at HOXA4 and HOXA5 genes are associated with resistance to imatinib mesylate among chronic myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Elias Marjanu Hikmah , Azlan Husin , Sulong Sarina , Baba Abdul Aziz , Ankathil Ravindran 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundImatinib mesylate is a molecularly targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug. It is effectively used in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, development of resistance to imatinib mesylate as a result of BCR‐ABL dependent and BCR‐ABL independent mechanisms has emerged as a daunting problem in the management of CML patients. Between these mechanisms, BCR‐ABL independent mechanisms are still not robustly understood.AimTo investigate the correlation of HOXA4 and HOXA5 promoter DNA hypermethylation with imatinib resistance among CML patients.Methods and resultsSamples from 175 Philadelphia positive CML patients (83 good response and 92 BCR‐ABL non‐mutated imatinib resistant patients) were subjected to Methylation Specific High Resolution Melt Analysis for methylation levels quantification of the HOXA4 and HOXA5 promoter regions. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was done to elucidate the optimal methylation cut‐off point followed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Log‐Rank analysis was done to measure the overall survival difference between CML groups. The optimal methylation cut‐off point was found to be at 62.5% for both HOXA4 and HOXA5. Chronic myeloid leukemia patients with ≥63% HOXA4 and HOXA5 methylation level were shown to have 3.78 and 3.95 times the odds, respectively, to acquire resistance to imatinib. However, overall survival of CML patients that have ≤62% and ≥ 63% methylation levels of HOXA4 and HOXA5 genes were found to be not significant (P‐value = 0.126 for HOXA4; P‐value = 0.217 for HOXA5).ConclusionHypermethylation of the HOXA4 and HOXA5 promoter is correlated with imatinib resistance and with further investigation, it could be a potential epigenetic biomarker in supplement to the BCR‐ABL gene mutation in predicting imatinib treatment response among CML patients but could not be considered as a prognostic marker.
A randomized controlled trial of the compuLsive Exercise Activity TheraPy (LEAP): A new approach to compulsive exercise in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Hay Phillipa , Touyz Stephen , Arcelus Jon , Pike Kathleen , Attia Evelyn , Crosby Ross D. , Madden Sloane , Wales Jackie , La Puma Michelle , Heriseanu Andreea I. , Young Sarah , Meyer Caroline 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of the compuLsive Exercise Activity theraPy (LEAP) programme integrated with manualized cognitive behavioral therapy for anorexia nervosa (CBT‐AN) compared to CBT‐AN alone.MethodSeventy‐eight adults were randomized to CBT‐AN, delivered with or without eight embedded sessions of LEAP, for a total of 34 individual outpatient sessions. Participants were assessed at baseline, the end of the first phase of CBT‐AN (which included LEAP), mid‐therapy, end of therapy, and at 3 and 6 months follow‐up. Linear mixed effects modelling was used for comparing trajectories over time by group in primary outcomes of pathological exercise cognitions and secondary outcomes of exercise frequency, BMI, eating disorder (ED) symptoms, AN stage of change, anxiety/depression, and health related quality of life.ResultsThere were significant improvements over time in all outcomes. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in primary outcome measures. Fidelity and end‐of‐treatment participant satisfaction were satisfactory across both conditions.DiscussionCBT‐AN and LEAP added to CBT‐AN resulted in improved attitudes and beliefs toward exercise and general improvements in BMI and ED psychopathology in people with AN.
Bayesian analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bautista Julian R. , Pavlakis Alex , Rajagopal Advait 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis article is an introduction to Bayesian data analysis for empirical researchers in the field of clinical psychology, focusing on applications for the study of eating disorders. We summarize the intuition and methodology of Bayesian data analysis and motivate its use for analyzing Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT). We demonstrate the strengths of the approach through the analysis of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy RCT on the influence of a smartphone application on binge‐eating disorder (BED) and bulimia nervosa.MethodWe fit a multilevel Poisson regression model on outcome variable Objective Bulimic Episodes (OBE) as a function of the treatment and other covariates. OBE is a discrete count variable and the Poisson model fits well. The multilevel structure accounts for individual and time‐varying effects.ResultsOur analysis suggests that the smartphone application causes a reduction in the instances of OBE for patients in the initial weeks, but the effect may wear off by the end of the treatment period. Bayesian methods allow us to obtain heterogeneous treatment effects for different individuals and stages of the therapy while explicitly modeling uncertainty around these effects.DiscussionWe conclude that Bayesian methods are a powerful tool for incorporating data and prior information into models. They have the potential to improve analyses of RCTs in eating disorders given small sample sizes, small effect size, abundant prior information, heterogeneous participants, and experimental design. These methods are useful for empirical researchers, particularly clinical psychologists.
Strain imaging to predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a systematic comparison of strain parameters using multiple imaging techniques
Authors: Zweerink Alwin , van Everdingen Wouter M. , Nijveldt Robin , Salden Odette A.E. , Meine Mathias , Maass Alexander H. , Vernooy Kevin , de Lange Frederik J. , Vos Marc A. , Croisille Pierre , Clarysse Patrick , Geelhoed Bastiaan , Rienstra Michiel , van Gelder Isabelle C. , van Rossum Albert C. , Cramer Maarten J. , Allaart Cornelis P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsVarious strain parameters and multiple imaging techniques are presently available including cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) tagging (CMR‐TAG), CMR feature tracking (CMR‐FT), and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). This study aims to compare predictive performance of different strain parameters and evaluate results per imaging technique to predict cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response.Methods and resultsTwenty‐seven patients were prospectively enrolled and underwent CMR and echocardiographic examination before CRT implantation. Strain analysis was performed in circumferential (CMR‐TAG, CMR‐FT, and STE‐circ) and longitudinal (STE‐long) orientations. Regional strain values, parameters of dyssynchrony, and discoordination were calculated. After 12 months, CRT response was measured by the echocardiographic change in left ventricular (LV) end‐systolic volume (LVESV). Twenty‐six patients completed follow‐up; mean LVESV change was −29 ± 27% with 17 (65%) patients showing ≥15% LVESV reduction. Measures of dyssynchrony (SD‐TTPLV) and discoordination (ISFLV) were strongly related to CRT response when using CMR‐TAG (R2 0.61 and R2 0.57, respectively), but showed poor correlations for CMR‐FT and STE (all R2 ≤ 0.32). In contrast, the end‐systolic septal strain (ESSsep) parameter showed a consistent high correlation with LVESV change for all techniques (CMR‐TAG R2 0.60; CMR‐FT R2 0.50; STE‐circ R2 0.43; and STE‐long R2 0.43). After adjustment for QRS duration and QRS morphology, ESSsep remained an independent predictor of response per technique.ConclusionsEnd‐systolic septal strain was the only parameter with a consistent good relation to reverse remodelling after CRT, irrespective of assessment technique. In clinical practice, this measure can be obtained by any available strain imaging technique and provides predictive value on top of current guideline criteria.
Left ventricular assist device implantation improves glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Patel Nirav , Gluck Jason A. , Radojevic Joseph , Coleman Craig I. , Baker William L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) often coexist and have bidirectional association. Advanced HF is associated with worsened glycaemic control. This meta‐analysis investigated the effects of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation on markers of DM control.Methods and resultsWe performed a systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane through October 2017 to identify studies evaluating advanced HF patients who had received an LVAD and reported markers of glycaemic control. The primary outcome was glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and the secondary outcomes included fasting glucose, daily insulin requirements, and body mass index (BMI). Outcomes were pooled using a Hartung–Knapp random‐effects model producing a mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Thirteen studies, including 820 participants, were included. HbA1c was 1.23% lower following LVAD implantation (95% CI −1.49 to −0.98). Greater HbA1c reductions were seen with higher pre‐LVAD values. Similarly, fasting plasma glucose (−24.4 mg/dL, 95% CI −33.4 to −15.5), daily insulin requirements (−18.8 units, 95% CI −28.8 to −8.7), and serum creatinine levels (MD −0.20, 95% CI −0.35 to −0.06) were significantly lower than pre‐LVAD levels. We saw no difference in BMI (MD 0.09, 95% CI −1.24 to 1.42).ConclusionsLVAD implantation was associated with significant improvement in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, and daily insulin need in advanced HF patients.
Comparison of sensory and instrumental methods for the analysis of texture of cooked individually quick frozen and fresh‐frozen catfish fillets
Authors: Bland John M. , Bett‐Garber Karen L. , Li Carissa H. , Brashear Suzanne S. , Lea Jeanne M. , Bechtel Peter J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCatfish fillet texture is important to consumers, especially if the texture is not what the consumer expects. Therefore, it is important to be able to assure that texture quality is consistent. Texture is a humanly perceived sensory trait and can be costly to processors when texture quality is substandard. Instrumental methods of monitoring texture are much less costly over time than maintaining a sensory quality panel. The purpose of this research was to develop methods for monitoring texture quality using reliable instrumental methods. A descriptive sensory texture panel evaluated fresh‐frozen and individually quick frozen (IQF) catfish fillets and was compared to the instrumental analysis of the same cooked fish, using texture profile analysis (TPA). The TPA evaluation was more successful for identifying differences between IQF and fresh‐frozen catfish, with the most significance (p < 0.02) seen for the attributes springiness, resilience, chewiness‐1, hardness‐1, and residual parameters of springiness, chewiness‐1, chewiness‐1b, and hardness‐1b. For sensory evaluation, only moisture release and moisture retention were this significant. Overall, IQF fillets were more moist and cohesive, with fresh‐frozen fillets greater in all other parameters. Predictive equations were developed for sensory texture attributes from various TPA attributes calculated from the compression–force curves generated from two compressions of a ball probe. In the fresh‐frozen catfish, sensory attributes firmness, flaky, moisture retention, and residual cohesiveness of mass had correlation coefficients (R) of 0.50 or greater. For the IQF catfish, all sensory attributes had an R of less than 0.4. The firmness sensory attribute had TPA predictor variables in both fresh‐frozen and IQF that consisted mainly of hardness, chewiness, or thickness‐related attributes. Based on results, instrumental texture of catfish should be measured before further processing, such as IQF.
Do we know the cost of orthopaedic care?
Authors: Kulkarni Kunal , Shepherd Sophie 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIntroductionThe increasingly complex care needs of an expanding and ageing population leave a growing dichotomy between demand and supply. With sustainable cost‐efficiency gains paramount, this study explored awareness of trauma and orthopaedic (T&O) care costs among patients and health care providers, alongside the impact of greater cost awareness on care quality, experience, and equality.Materials and methodsSurveys were distributed over a 2‐week period, at a single site, to in/outpatients and health care professionals allied to T&O. They evaluated (1) awareness of the costs of several common aspects of T&O care and (2) opinions on improved cost education.ResultsMost professionals and patients had limited and markedly variable awareness of costs. Expensive items (>£200) were commonly underestimated, and cheap items (≤£200) were overestimated. The majority reported greater cost awareness might influence their approach to care decisions.DiscussionCost ignorance restricts cost‐efficiency and provision of equitable care. Given the widespread lack of cost education, there is unsurprisingly a lack of cost awareness among patients and professionals alike. Cost savings through “reduced waste” were a commonly highlighted potential benefit of greater cost awareness. Patients and professionals alike must become increasingly accountable for ensuring effective and efficient use of resources.
Can a decentralized blood supply system reach 100% voluntary nonremunerated donation?
Authors: Bou Assi Tarek , Haddad Antoine , Haddad Laura , Garraud Olivier 
Published: July 2018

SummaryVoluntary nonremunerated donation stands for the framework of a solid, safe, and sustainable blood supply; for this reason, the World Health Organization has set a goal toward achieving 100% voluntary nonremunerated blood donation in 2020. However, in Lebanon like in most developing countries, the majority of blood donations still come from family/replacement donors (around 75%) followed by voluntary donors for only 15%; compensated donors yet account for 10% of blood donations. Lebanon has a decentralized and fragmented blood supply system where private health care facilities predominate over the public system; thus, numerous challenges and roadblocks—that are discussed in this article—are likely to delay the fulfillment of the WHO resolution. By properly addressing (and resolving) those caveats, it should be expected that Lebanon can forecast achieving (or at least getting close to) 100% voluntary nonremunerated blood donation within the next decade.
Leadership development in health care in low and middle‐income countries: Is there another way?
Authors: Edmonstone John 
Published: July 2018

SummaryLeadership and management capacity is an important factor in the health care systems of low and middle‐income countries (LMICs) due to resource scarcity and a high burden of disease. The paper identifies the key concerns of health care policy‐makers and health care leaders and managers in LMICs and, in the case of the latter, what is led and managed. It examines the two major education and training approaches adopted to develop such capacity and the cultural context against which development takes place, noting that leadership and management development in LMICs needs to reflect local cultures. From this consideration, it is proposed that action learning (which already has a track‐record of application in LMICs) would be a practical way forward.
Comparison of pulsed actinomycin D and 5‐day actinomycin D as first‐line chemotherapy for low‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Mu Xiyan , Song Liang , Li Qingli , Yin Rutie , Zhao Xia , Wang Danqing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the treatment outcome and cost‐effectiveness of pulsed actinomycin D (Act‐D) and 5‐day Act‐D in patients with low‐risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN).MethodThe present retrospective study included patients with low‐risk GTN who received pulsed Act‐D or 5‐day Act‐D as first‐line chemotherapy at West China Second Hospital, Chengdu, China, between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2017. Complete remission rates, mean number of treatment courses, and adverse events were compared, and a cost‐effectiveness analysis was performed.ResultsThe study included 34 patients treated with pulsed Act‐D and 26 patients treated with 5‐day Act‐D. Overall complete remission was observed in 21 (62%) patients in the pulsed Act‐D group and 19 (73%) patients in the 5‐day Act‐D group (P=0.355); the mean number of treatment courses were 5.1 and 5.3, respectively (P=0.686). When Act‐D failed, patients in each group required 4.9 and 4.6 courses, respectively, of a multi‐agent regimen (P=0.545). No major adverse events were observed but moderate adverse events were more frequent in the pulsed Act‐D group (P=0.011). The 5‐day Act‐D regimen was more expensive compared with pulsed Act‐D regimen (US$7504.33 vs $5541.79), with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio of $64 557.08 per avoidance of treatment failure.ConclusionPulsed Act‐D was more cost‐effective than 5‐day Act‐D and could be preferred when considering Act‐D as chemotherapy for low‐risk GTN.
Controlled Subsurface Drainage as a Strategy for Improved Water Management in Irrigated Agriculture of Uzbekistan
Authors: Dukhovny Victor , Kenjabaev Shavkat , Yakubov Shavkat , Umirzakov Gulomjon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn existing conventional drainage (CVD) was modified to control the flow from the drainage lateral and to control the groundwater table depth on a portion of irrigated winter wheat during the 2014–2015 cropping season in the Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. Drainage outflow at one of two drainages was controlled (CTD), while the other was free (CVD). The cumulative drainage water volume from the CVD treatment was 22% greater than the CTD treatment. The flow‐weighted mean salt concentration of the drainage water was on 7% lower in the CTD treatment (2.08 mS cm−1) compared to the CVD treatment (2.24 mS cm−1). The ratio of soil water content in the 1 m soil profile between inspection sumps A and B (1) versus B and the open collector (2) was 1.2, suggesting that the upper part of the field contained 20% more soil moisture. Conversely, the ratio of the groundwater table depth between (1) and (2) was 0.78, indicating that the groundwater table of the upper portion of the field was 47 cm (22%) shallower than the lower part. Thus, CTD increased the moisture storage of the soil layer in the upper part of the field. Managing the groundwater table resulted in less water stress between irrigation events and increased grain yields. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modernization of National Irrigation Systems in the Philippines: Linking Design, Operation and Water Supply
Authors: Delos Reyes Mona Liza F. , Schultz Bart 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe consistent gap between the irrigation service area and irrigated areas of national irrigation systems has been attributed to shortcomings either in design, technology, system operation, maintenance and management, policy, climate change, or a combination of these factors. Conventional rehabilitation, which mainly involves restoration of irrigation structures, has had little impact in closing this gap.This study examined the irrigation technology and water management techniques employed in two national irrigation systems. Its objectives were to identify technology constraints, cost‐effective improvement practices and the potential for improving system performance with an end view of formulating a relevant modernization approach for national irrigation systems. The study used a logical design framework, field measurements and selected procedures of the Mapping System and Services for Canal Operation Techniques (MASSCOTE) as analytical tools.The findings show that inconsistencies among the design philosophy, system and operational objectives, flow control structures and water supply of the irrigation systems are root causes of their suboptimal performance. Careful consideration of the logical coherence among the selected irrigation technologies, water distribution techniques and water supply availability would form a crucial part of a relevant irrigation modernization planning for the case study systems and other irrigation systems in similar situations. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The in vivo inflammatory and foreign body giant cell response against different poly(l‐lactide‐co‐d/l‐lactide) implants is primarily determined by material morphology rather than surface chemistry
Authors: Lucke Silke , Walschus Uwe , Hoene Andreas , Schnabelrauch Matthias , Nebe J. Barbara , Finke Birgit , Schlosser Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBiomaterials can cause a chronic local inflammation called foreign body reaction, with formation of foreign body giant cells (FBGC) by monocyte/macrophage fusion. However, FBGC appearance and role for biomaterials with different physicochemical properties are not yet fully understood. This study aimed at examining FBGC and inflammatory cells after intramuscular implantation of poly(l‐lactide‐co‐d/l‐lactide) (PLA) as membranes and uncoated electro‐spun fiber meshes or meshes with a positively charged plasma‐polymer coating into rats. After 7, 14 and 56 days, CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages, T lymphocytes, MHC‐II+ cells, FBGC, and nestin‐stained tissue area as regeneration marker were morphometrically analyzed. FBGC occurrence was primarily determined by material morphology, as their numbers for meshes were 10‐fold higher during acute and 50‐fold higher during chronic inflammation than for membranes but comparable between uncoated and coated meshes. CD68+ macrophages decreased around and within meshes, while CD163+ macrophages and MHC‐II+ cells increased within meshes. T lymphocytes within meshes were higher for coated meshes, suggesting that the peri‐implant tissue immunological response is also influenced by surface chemistry. FBGC were predominantly CD68+ and CD163−, and nestin‐stained tissue area was negatively correlated with CD68+ monocytes/macrophages numbers and positively correlated with CD163+ macrophages numbers, highlighting differing roles in FBGC formation and tissue regeneration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2726–2734, 2018.