bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary investigation into the prognostic relevance of symmetric dimethylarginine in critically ill dogs
Authors: Köster Liza Sally , Peda Andrea , Fraites Trellor , Sithole Fortune 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if there is an association between the concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in dogs measured at the time of admission with the severity of critical illness and short‐term mortality.DesignThis prospective observational study recruited critically ill dogs with heterogeneous diagnoses and then classified their disease severity using the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation complete score as having either a good (<30) or poor (≥30) prognosis.SettingThis study was conducted at Ross University Veterinary Clinic between January and November 2015.AnimalsAfter exclusion of dogs diagnosed with acute kidney injury, 22 critically ill dogs and 7 control dogs were included in the study.InterventionsEach dog was assigned an acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation score calculated by the summation of individual scores allocated to selected clinical, focused assessment by sonography, hematological, and biochemistry results. Plasma SDMA concentrations were measured for all dogs at the time of admission.Measurement and Main ResultsThere was no difference identified in SDMA concentrations between dogs with a severe category of disease as compared to mild to moderate category, or critically ill dogs compared to control dogs. There was also no difference identified in SDMA concentrations in survivors as compared to nonsurvivors. Similarly, SDMA concentration was not higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors (P = 0.968). In this population of dogs, SDMA was not a prognostic indicator.ConclusionFurther work may be warranted in specific populations of animals but based upon this work SDMA is likely of little relevance.
Biomechanical properties of celiotomy wounds closed with tape and cyanoacrylate versus intradermal sutures
Authors: Kitshoff Adriaan M. , Louwagie Johanna , Or Matan , Devriendt Nausikaa , Dehuisser Virginie , Koenraadt Annika , Vandenabeele Sophie , Sys Stanislas U. , de Rooster Hilde 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare cutaneous wound closure with mesh and 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate (MOC) vs an intradermal suture pattern (ISP) in terms of time of application and biomechanical properties.Sample populationExperimental study with 12 female beagle dogs.MethodsA skin incision was created from the xiphoid to the pubis as part of an ovariohysterectomy; the linea alba and subcutaneous tissue were closed routinely. Half of the skin incision was closed with MOC, and the other half was closed with an ISP. Tissue samples were collected from both sections at days 14 and 28 and tested for ultimate strength and stiffness.ResultsClosure with MOC (72.8 ± 14.0 s) was faster than with an ISP (398.4 ± 36.4 s; P = .001). The ultimate load and stiffness increased with time for MOC (P = .005 and P = .005, respectively) and ISP (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). On day 14, ultimate load and stiffness were greater in wounds closed with MOC compared with ISP (P = .014 and P = .02, respectively). No difference between groups was detected at day 28.ConclusionCutaneous wound closure with MOC was faster and resulted in superior strength at 14 days compared with closure with an ISP in this healthy population.Clinical significanceMesh and 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate offers an attractive alternative to ISP for skin closure after celiotomy in dogs, especially if surgical/anesthesia time is a concern.
Maternal attitude towards delaying puberty in girls with and without a disability: a questionnaire-based study from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Deeb Asma , Akle Mariette , Al Zaabi Abrar , Siwji Zohra , Attia Salima , Al Suwaidi Hana , Al Qahtani Nabras , Ehtisham Sarah 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundParental anxiety about the impact of puberty/menses, particularly in girls with severe disability leads to seeking therapeutic pubertal suppression. We aim to explore maternal attitudes and reasons for seeking pubertal suppression.MethodsMothers of girls receiving gonadotropin -releasing hormone analogue therapy in Mafraq hospital, Abu Dhabi were enrolled in the study. A semistructured interview was conducted to ascertain possible reasons for delaying puberty. The study group was divided into girls with a disability with central precocious puberty (CPP) or normal puberty and girls without a disability presenting with CPP.Results42 mother–daughter pairs were enrolled and divided into two groups; group A: 15 girls with CPP with no disability; group B: 27 girls with disability (10 had CPP (group B1) and 17 had normal pubertal timing (group B2)). Mothers in group A aimed to delay puberty, while in group B, 13 (48%) mothers desired to halt puberty and 7 (26%) requested permanent surgical intervention. Fear of short stature (15, 100%), inability to cope psychologically (10, 67%) and fear of peer rejection (9, 60%) were the main concerns in group A. In group B, mothers were concerned about menstrual hygiene management (25, 92.5%), fear of child abuse or unwanted pregnancy (15, 55%) and fear of inability to express pain/discomfort with menstruation (8, 30%).ConclusionMothers of girls with a disability commonly seek medical help to delay/halt puberty due to concerns about menstrual hygiene. Short final height was the main concern for girls without a disability. Culture and religion play an important role in puberty management in girls with a disability.
Difference Hierarchies for nT τ-functions
Authors: Addabbo Darlayne , Bergvelt Maarten 
Published: October 2018

We introduce hierarchies of difference equations (referred to as [Formula: see text]-systems) associated to the action of a (centrally extended, completed) infinite matrix group [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text]-component fermionic Fock space. The solutions are given by matrix elements ([Formula: see text]-functions) for this action. We show that the [Formula: see text]-functions of type [Formula: see text] satisfy bilinear equations of length [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]-system is, after a change of variables, the usual [Formula: see text] term [Formula: see text]-system of type [Formula: see text]. Restriction from [Formula: see text] to a subgroup isomorphic to the loop group [Formula: see text], defines [Formula: see text]-systems, studied earlier in [1] by the present authors for [Formula: see text].
Input-specific maturation of NMDAR-mediated transmission onto parvalbumin-expressing interneurons in layers 2/3 of the visual cortex
Authors: Ferrer Camilo , Hsieh Helen , Wollmuth Lonnie P. 
Published: October 2018

Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) GABAergic interneurons regulate local circuit dynamics. In terms of the excitation driving PV interneuron activity, the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated component onto PV interneurons tends to be smaller than that onto pyramidal neurons but makes a significant contribution to their physiology and development. In the visual cortex, PV interneurons mature during the critical period. We hypothesize that during the critical period, the NMDAR-mediated signaling and functional properties of glutamatergic synapses onto PV interneurons are developmentally regulated. We therefore compared the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)- and NMDAR-mediated synaptic responses before (postnatal days 15–20, P15–P20), during (P25–P40), and after (P50–P60) the visual critical period. AMPAR miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) showed a developmental decrease in frequency, whereas NMDAR mEPSCs were absent or showed extremely low frequencies throughout development. For evoked responses, we consistently saw a NMDAR-mediated component, suggesting pre- or postsynaptic differences between evoked and spontaneous neurotransmission. Evoked responses showed input-specific developmental changes. For intralaminar inputs, the NMDAR-mediated component significantly decreased with development. This resulted in adult intralaminar inputs almost exclusively mediated by AMPARs, suited for the computation of synaptic inputs with precise timing, and likely having NMDAR-independent forms of plasticity. In contrast, interlaminar inputs maintained a stable NMDAR-mediated component throughout development but had a shift in the AMPAR paired-pulse ratio from depression to facilitation. Adult interlaminar inputs with facilitating AMPAR responses and a substantial NMDAR component would favor temporal integration of synaptic responses and could be modulated by NMDAR-dependent forms of plasticity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show for the first time input-specific developmental changes in the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor component and short-term plasticity of the excitatory drive onto layers 2/3 parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons in the visual cortex during the critical period. These developmental changes would lead to functionally distinct adult intralaminar and interlaminar glutamatergic inputs that would engage PV interneuron-mediated inhibition differently.
Elevated Serum Exosomal miR-125b Level as a Potential Marker for Poor Prognosis in Intermediate-Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Jiang Lijun , Deng Taoran , Wang Di , Xiao Yi 
Published: October 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The prognostic significance of miR-125b in intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia has not been well investigated. The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between the elevated exosomal miR-125b level and the poor prognosis in adult patients with this disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 154 consecutive patients with intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia were enrolled. Exosomes were isolated from blood specimens. The exosomal miR-125b level was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Patients received standardized therapy and were followed up for 1–24 months. Details about relapse and overall death were recorded. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients were divided into the high miR-125b level group (<i>n</i> = 77) and the low miR-125b level group (<i>n</i> = 77). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model, the high miR-125b level group was separately associated with increased risks of relapse and overall death in 2 years (hazard ratio [HR] 2.84, 95% CI 1.81–4.33 and HR 2.69, 95% CI 1.87–4.52). Kaplan-Meier analysis also revealed that a high miR-125b level was related to a higher cumulative relapse and overall death rates (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001 and <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001, respectively). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Circulating exosomal miR-125b concentration might be an independent prognostic indicator in intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients. An elevated miR-125b level indicated higher risks of relapse and overall death.
The Denouement of Claudian Pamphylia-Lycia and its Implications for the Audience of Galatians
Authors: Wilson Mark 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Recent inscriptional discoveries have revised our understanding of provincial boundaries in southern Asia Minor from Claudius until Vespasian. Pamphylia is now understood to have been part of Galatia during Paul’s journeys there. The denouement of the South Galatian hypothesis was declared by Clare Rothschild. An attempt is made to place historical and geographical issues into a more nuanced framework. Because of the omission of key source materials, her conclusion is challenged and the redivivus of the South Galatian theory is heralded. A discussion of Paul’s audience for his letter to the Galatians follows. Based on the new evidence regarding provincial Galatia, believers in Pamphylia might well have been part of his readership.
Reconsidering the Date of the En-Gedi Leviticus Scroll (EGLev): Exploring the Limitations of the Comparative-Typological Paleographic Method
Authors: Longacre Drew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractYardeni dated the charred En-Gedi Leviticus scroll (EGLev) to the second half of the first or early second century CE. Paleographic evidence is often ambiguous and can provide only an imprecise basis for dating EGLev. Nevertheless, a series of important typological developments evident in the hand of EGLev suggests a date somewhat later than the Dead Sea Scrolls of the first–second centuries, but clearly earlier than comparanda from the sixth–eighth centuries. The cumulative supporting evidence from the archeological context, bibliographic/voluminological details (wooden roller and metallic ink), format and layout (tall, narrow columns)—each individually indeterminative—also suggests dating EGLev to the period from the third–sixth centuries CE. I argue that EGLev should be dated to the third–fourth centuries CE, with only a small possibility that it could have been written in the second or fifth centuries, which is possibly supported by radiocarbon dating.
How to Edit an Elusive Text? The So-called Poem of Solomon (1 Kgs 8:12–13 MT // 8:53a LXX) as a Case Study
Authors: Richelle Matthieu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe creation of an eclectic edition of the Hebrew Bible is complicated by the hypothetical nature of reconstructing its textual evolution, and the uncertainty involved in retroversion from Greek to Hebrew. These issues are especially apparent in the case of the so-called “poem of Solomon” (1 Kgs 8:12–13 MT // 8:53a LXX), which I examine here as a case study to demonstrate that even such a difficult text can be dealt with responsibly in a critical, eclectic edition. Specifically, I show how such an edition can adequately address the retroversion of the Greek text, the existence of two versions of the poem, and the location of this poem in the chapter.
Convective Cloud Bands Downwind of Mesoscale Mountain Ridges
Authors: Kirshbaum Daniel J. , Schultz David M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Elongated and quasi-stationary cloud bands capable of producing heavy precipitation have recently been observed in the lee of midlatitude mountain ridges. Herein, idealized explicit-convection simulations are used to investigate such bands. A methodical sampling of environmental parameter space reveals that the bands are favored by a multilayer upstream static-stability profile, with a conditionally unstable midlevel layer overlying an absolutely stable surface-based layer. Such profiles promote the formation of leeside hydraulic jumps, with deep upright ascent that initiates elevated moist convection. Over smooth ridges, isolated bands develop past each ridge end due to a local superposition of cross-barrier and along-barrier pressure gradients. This superposition enhances leeside vertical displacements compared to parcels traversing the ridge midsection. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis force favors the left band over the right band (relative to the incoming flow) due to opposite-signed relative-vorticity perturbations past the two ridge ends. Whereas the negative vorticity anomaly past the left end enhances forcing for ascent, the positive vorticity anomaly past the right end suppresses it. For the environmental flows considered herein, the simulated bands are the most persistent over medium-height (1.5-km high) ridges, which force stronger leeside ascent than taller or shorter ridges. Over more rugged terrain, additional bands form past deep gaps or valleys, again due to a local superposition of horizontal pressure gradients. In contrast to some recent studies of orographic cloud bands, these simulated bands owe their existence to the release of moist static instability, indicating that neither slantwise nor inertial instability is required for their formation.
Understanding the Equatorial Pacific Cold Tongue Time-Mean Heat Budget. Part I: Diagnostic Framework
Authors: Ray Sulagna , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Griffies Stephen M. , Zeng Fanrong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Pacific equatorial cold tongue plays a leading role in Earth’s strongest and most predictable climate signals. To illuminate the processes governing cold tongue temperatures, the upper-ocean heat budget is explored using the GFDL-FLOR coupled GCM (the forecast-oriented low ocean resolution version of CM2.5). Starting from the exact temperature budget for layers of time-varying thickness, the layer temperature tendency terms are studied using hourly-, daily-, and monthly-mean output from a 30-yr simulation driven by present-day radiative forcings. The budget is then applied to 1) a surface mixed layer whose temperature is highly correlated with SST, in which the air–sea heat flux is balanced mainly by downward diffusion of heat across the layer base, and 2) a thicker advective layer that subsumes most of the vertical mixing, in which the air–sea heat flux is balanced mainly by monthly-scale advection. The surface warming from shortwave fluxes and submonthly meridional advection and the subsurface cooling from monthly vertical advection are both shown to be essential to maintain the cold tongue thermal stratification against the destratifying effects of vertical mixing. Although layer undulations strongly mediate the tendency terms on diurnal-to-interannual scales, the 30-yr-mean tendencies are found to be well summarized by analogous budgets developed for stationary but spatially varying layers. The results are used to derive practical simplifications of the exact budget, to support the analyses in Part II of this paper, and to facilitate broader application of heat budget analyses when evaluating and comparing climate simulations.
A Fiscally Based Scale for Tropical Cyclone Storm Surge
Authors: Walker Amanda M. , Titley David W. , Mann Michael E. , Najjar Raymond G. , Miller Sonya K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCategorization of storm surge with the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale has been a useful means of communicating potential impacts for decades. However, storm surge was removed from this scale following Hurricane Katrina (2005), leaving no scale-based method for storm surge risk communication despite its significant impacts on life and property. This study seeks to create a new, theoretical storm surge scale based on fiscal damage for effective risk analysis. Advanced Circulation model simulation output data of maximum water height and velocity were obtained for four storms: Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Gustav, Hurricane Ike, and Superstorm Sandy. Four countywide fiscal loss methods were then considered. The first three use National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database (SED) property damages and Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) population, per capita personal income, or total income. The fourth uses National Flood Insurance Program total insured coverage and paid claims. Initial correlations indicated the statistical mode of storm surge data above the 90th percentile was most skillful; this metric was therefore chosen to represent countywide storm surge. Multiple linear regression assessed the most skillful combination of storm surge variables (height and velocity) and fiscal loss method (SED property damages and BEA population, i.e., loss per capita), and defined the proposed scale, named the Kuykendall scale. Comparison with the four storms’ actual losses shows skillful performance, notably a 20% skill increase over surge height-only approaches. The Kuykendall scale demonstrates promise for skillful future storm surge risk assessment in the analytical, academic, and operational domains.
The value of European immigration for high-level UK research and clinical care: cross-sectional study
Authors: Begum Mursheda , Lewison Grant , Lawler Mark , Sullivan Richard 
Published: October 2018

Summary Objective The UK’s impending departure (‘Brexit’) from the European Union may lead to restrictions on the immigration of scientists and medical personnel to the UK. We examined how many senior scientists and clinicians were from other countries, particularly from Europe, in two time periods. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting United Kingdom. Participants Individuals who had been elected as Fellows of the Royal Society or of the Academy of Medical Sciences, and UK medical doctors currently practising and listed in the Medical Register for 2015. Main outcome measures Percentages of Fellows of the Royal Society, Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences and UK medical doctors by nationality (UK and Irish: UKI, European: EUR and rest of world: RoW) over time. Fellows of the Royal Society and the Academy of Medical Sciences proportions were assessed for two time periods, and doctors over decades of qualification (<1960s to 2010s). Results Percentages of European Fellows of the Royal Society increased from 0.8% (1952–1992) (the year the UK signed the Maastricht treaty) to 4.3% (1993–2015). For Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences, percentages increased from 2.6% (pre-1992) to 8.9% (post-1992) (for both, p < 0.001). In the 1970s, only 6% of doctors were trained in the EU; the proportion increased to 11% in the last two decades (also p < 0.001). Europeans replaced South Asians as the main immigrant group. Among these, doctors from the Czech Republic, Greece, Poland and Romania made the largest contribution. Conclusions Any post-Brexit restriction on the ability of the UK to attract European researchers and medical doctors may have serious implications for the UK’s science leadership globally and healthcare provision locally.
Identification of Myocardial Telocytes and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mice
Authors: Zhong Xin , Zheng Yonghua , Li Hua , Huang Steve , Ge Junbo 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the morphology, immune phenotype, and cytokine profiles between myocardial telocytes (TCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and explore the difference between those two types of interstitial cells. Methods: TCs and MSCs were cultured in vitro and cell morphology was observed with a light microscope. The expression levels of CD34, c-kit, and vimentin were detected by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and Western blotting in both TCs and MSCs. The related supernatant was collected and total of 49 cytokine profiles were detected by RayBio Mice Cytokine Antibody Array. Significantly different cytokines were further confirmed by ELISA. Results: TCs have small cellular body and very long prolongations and they were CD34+/c-kit+/vimentin+, whereas MSCs have no telopodes and they were CD34–/c-kit– /vimentin+. Cytokine profile analysis and ELISA showed that 19 of 49 cytokines were increased dramatically in the supernatant of TCs compared with those of MSCs. Moreover, 9 of 19 cytokines were increased 2-fold at least in the supernatant of TCs compared with those of MSCs. Of 49 cytokines, 30 exhibited no significant changes in the supernatant of TCs compared with those of MSCs. Conclusions: Using various technologies, we identified that myocardial TCs and MSCs are significantly different in terms of cell structure and cytokine profiles.
Experiences of Posttraumatic Growth in Witnesses to the July 15 Coup Attempt in Turkey
Authors: Simsir Zeynep , Dilmac Bulent 
Published: October 2018

The July 15, 2016 coup attempt in Turkey shocked the entire Turkish nation and left deep traces on Turkish citizens. People living in Ankara and İstanbul province were direct witnesses to these events and faced with images that resembled a battle scene. The aim of this research is to reveal the experiences of posttraumatic growth among individuals who directly witnessed the July 15 coup attempt. This qualitative research was carried out with a phenomenological design. Participants in the study consisted of 20 adults living in Ankara and İstanbul. Five themes were found in the analysis: self-perception, new possibilities in life, relating to others, religious/spiritual change, perspective on life, and perception of future. The results of the research showed that many positive changes occurred in the lives of individuals who had a coup experience.