bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melanonychia striata: clarifying behind the Black Curtain. A review on clinical evaluation and management of the 21st century
Authors: Leung Alexander K. C. , Lam Joseph M. , Leong Kin Fon , Sergi Consolato M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMelanonychia striata is characterized by a tan, brown, or black longitudinal streak within the nail plate that runs from the proximal nail fold to the distal part of the nail plate. Melanonychia striata is due to increased activity of melanocytes or melanocytic hyperplasia in the nail matrix with subsequently increased melanin deposition in the nail plate. The most common cause of melanonychia striata associated with melanocytic activation is ethnic melanonychia which occurs in dark‐skinned individuals. Other causes of melanonychia striata related to melanocytic activation include pregnancy, chronic local trauma, infections, medications, dermatological disorders, endocrine disorders, alkaptonuria, hemochromatosis, porphyria, graft‐vs‐host disease, Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome, and Laugier‐Hunziker syndrome. Causes of melanonychia striata associated with melanocytic hyperplasia include nail matrix melanocytic nevus, nail lentigo, and nail apparatus/subungual in situ and invasive melanoma. In most cases, melanonychia striata is a benign condition, especially in children. Consequently, most investigators advocate a wait‐and‐see approach. Nail apparatus/subungual melanoma should be suspected if there is an abrupt onset after middle age, personal or family history of melanoma, rapid growth, darkening of a melanonychia band, pigment variegation, blurry lateral borders, irregular elevation of the surface, a bandwidth >3 mm, proximal widening, associated nail plate dystrophy, single rather than multiple digit involvement, and periungual spread of pigmentation onto the adjacent cuticle and/or proximal and/or lateral nail folds (Hutchinson sign). Prolonged follow‐up is mandatory for early detection of possible malignant changes.
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell persistence and memory cell formation
Authors: McLellan Alexander D , Ali Hosseini Rad Seyed M 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is now becoming clear that less differentiated naive and memory T cells are superior to effector T cells in the transfer of immunity for adoptive cell therapy. This review will outline the challenges faced by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in the generation of persistence and memory for CAR T cells, and summarize recent strategies to improve CAR T cell persistence, with a focus on memory cell formation. The relevance of enhancing persistence in more differentiated effector T cells is also covered, because genetic and pharmacological interventions may prolong effector T cell activity and lifespan, thereby improving anti‐cancer activity. In particular, it may be possible to enforce epigenetic changes in differentiated T cells to enhance memory CAR T cell formation. Optimizing the generation of self‐renewing T cell populations (e.g. memory cells), while maintaining differentiated effector T cells through epigenome modification, will help overcome barriers to T cell expansion and survival, thereby improving clinical outcomes in CAR T cell therapy.
Inter‐relationship between photosynthetic efficiency, Δ13C, antioxidant activity and sugarcane yield under drought stress in field conditions
Authors: Endres Laurício , dos Santos Claudiana Moura , Silva José Vieira , Barbosa Geraldo Veríssimo de Souza , Silva André Lucas Januário , Froehlich Angela , Teixeira Marcelo Menossi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDrought is one of the major climatic factors that reduce crop yields in cultivated areas around the world, and studies on physiological responses may help in the selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Thus, this work aimed to correlate gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and antioxidant activity in sugarcane varieties submitted to water stress under field conditions. Six sugarcane varieties were submitted to drought stress in three development stages: tillering, intense growth and ripening. In all varieties, the photosynthetic apparatus was severely affected by drought, with a reduction in photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. During the tillering stage, reductions in gas exchange and increase in Δ13C and bundle sheath leakiness (φ) were observed. In the intense growth stage, water stress caused increases in leaf temperature, intrinsic water use efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation, and reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration in the RB72454, RB855113 and RB855536 varieties. However, the RB92579 variety maintained a better physiological homeostasis at all development stages and presented higher stalks yielding when submitted to drought. This work suggests that screen sugarcane genotype to drought stress should be performed during the intense growth stage, when plants are more sensitive to drought conditions.
Using 360‐degree videos in teacher education to improve preservice teachers' professional interpersonal vision
Authors: Theelen Hanneke , van den Beemt Antoine , den Brok Perry 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNoticing and interpreting classroom events (professional vision) is an important element of preservice teachers' (PSTs) interpersonal competence. This paper presents a mixed‐method study about a classroom simulation using 360‐degree videos combined with theoretical lectures in teacher education, intended to improve PSTs' interpretations of noticed events. Furthermore, this study examined how PSTs evaluate technological and educational affordances of 360‐degree videos. Results indicate that participating PSTs improved in noticing classroom events and in applying a more theory‐based terminology to describe these events. PSTs perceived observing other teachers teach as an educational affordance for mastering theory and for developing insights about interpersonal teacher behaviour. Concerning technological affordances, mainly physical discomforts and technical hindrances, was reported by PSTs. The results of this study imply that 360‐degree videos can be useful for teacher education to improve PSTs' interpretation of noticed events.
Secukinumab, a fully human anti‐interleukin‐17A monoclonal antibody, exhibits low immunogenicity in psoriasis patients treated up to 5 years
Authors: Reich K. , Blauvelt A. , Armstrong A. , Langley R.G. , de Vera A. , Kolbinger F. , Spindeldreher S. , Ren M. , Bruin G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSecukinumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively neutralizes IL‐17A, a key cytokine involved in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis development, and has shown rapid and long‐lasting efficacy and safety in the complete spectrum of psoriasis manifestations. Monoclonal antibody therapies may be associated with the production of treatment‐emergent antidrug antibodies (TE‐ADAs) that can affect drug pharmacokinetics, diminish clinical responses via inhibition of target binding or cause hypersensitivity reactions. Secukinumab exhibited minimal immunogenicity up to 52 weeks in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, as evidenced by TE‐ADA in <1% patients.ObjectiveTo investigate the immunogenicity of secukinumab treatment up to 5 years in two phase 3 extension studies (NCT01640951 and NCT01365455) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis.MethodsImmunogenicity was evaluated up to Week 268 (5 years). TE‐ADAs were defined as positive antidrug antibody (ADA) signals detected in post‐treatment samples from patients with negative baseline signals. Confirmed positive samples were further analysed for their neutralizing potential.ResultsIn total, 1821 patients entered the extension studies. Among patients receiving secukinumab and evaluated for ADAs (n = 1636), 32 developed TE‐ADA, which resulted in an incidence of new TE‐ADA cases below 1% per year. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in 9/32 (28%) patients with TE‐ADA. Half of ADA‐positive cases were transient. Among pharmacokinetic samples measured at the times of immunogenicity determination (n = 9992), 544 (5.4%) had secukinumab concentrations higher than the drug tolerance level of 53.8 μg/mL. There was no effect of TE‐ADA, including neutralizing antibodies, on efficacy, safety or pharmacokinetics of secukinumab.ConclusionThe yearly secukinumab immunogenicity incidence over 5 years of treatment was consistently below 1% in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis. Any TE‐ADAs, including neutralizing antibodies, were not associated with loss of secukinumab efficacy or with clinical concerns.
Evaluation of the antioxidant and physical properties of an exfoliating cream developed from coffee grounds
Authors: Delgado‐Arias Stefany , Zapata‐Valencia Stephany , Cano‐Agudelo Yuliana , Osorio‐Arias Juan , Vega‐Castro Oscar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCurrently, around 1.6 billion cups of coffee are consumed daily in the world, generating around 6 million tons of waste known as spent coffee grounds (SCG), which are a source of environmental pollution. The main objective of this research was to develop an exfoliating body cream from SCG. The methodology included convective drying of the SCG at 60°C. The exfoliating cream was formulated with 4, 6, and 8% of SCG, the antioxidant contents were determined by ABTS+; the adhesiveness was analyzed with a Texture Profile Analyzer and the exfoliating capacity evaluated with a Mexámeter MX18. The results were analyzed by means of an ANOVA analysis, with α = 0.05. As the main result, final moisture of SCG was of 5%. The content of antioxidants of body cream was 97.64–128.15μMol ETrolox/gSS. The exfoliating capacity of the three formulations showed similar behavior and do not show significant differences (p > .05). It can be concluded that the SCG can be used for the development of exfoliating body cream, obtaining a cosmetic product with exfoliating and antioxidant properties; being the above, a processing alternative for the agro‐industrial residues generated in the coffee industry.Practical applicationIn this study, an exfoliating body cream was developed from the SCGs, which is an agro‐industrial waste generated by the coffee processing industry. It was determined that the hot air‐drying process is a suitable method for the processing of coffee grounds since a stable product with low moisture is obtained. In addition, it was also possible to obtain an exfoliating cream for the body with antioxidant and polyphenol content, with textural and exfoliation properties similar to that of a commercial cream. The main application of this research is that it gives full use to the waste of coffee to obtain a cosmetic product with sensory, textural, and exfoliating properties of this type of products, being a processing alternative for agro‐industrial waste generated in the coffee processing industry.
The experiences and support needs of people living at home with an enteral tube: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Green S. M. , Townsend K. , Jarrett N. , Fader M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe number of people with an enteral tube (ET) living at home is increasing globally and services to support them to manage this complex and life‐changing intervention vary across regions. The present study aimed to gain an understanding of the experiences of people living at home with anETand their carers, as well as to explore their views of supporting services andET‐related hospital admissions.MethodsA qualitative inductive descriptive design was employed. Semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with a purposive sample of people with anETliving at home and carers were undertaken. Interviews were transcribed, initial codes were assigned for salient constructs, and these were then grouped and developed into themes and sub‐themes.ResultsNineteen people withETs and 15 carers of people withETs were interviewed. Five themes were generated: home better than hospital, feelings about the tube, living with the tube, help when you need it and cost for health service. Participants indicated theETsignificantly influenced daily life. Participants described becoming used to coping with theETat home over time and developing strategies to manage problems, avoid hospital admission and reduce resource waste. Variation in supporting services was described.ConclusionsPeople withETs and their carers need considerable support from knowledgeable, responsive healthcare practitioners during the weeks following initial placement of theET. Twenty‐four hour services to support people withETs should be designed in partnership with the aim of reducing burden, negative experience, waste and hospital admissions. National frameworks for home enteral nutrition could set the standard for support for people withETs.
A Note of Caution on Shadow Rate Estimates
Authors: KRIPPNER LEO 
Published: April 2019

AbstractShadow short rate (SSR) estimates are generated regressors proposed as a proxy for policy interest rates during unconventional monetary policy (UMP) periods. However, using the Wu and Xia (2016) shadow/lower‐bound model, I show that SSR estimates can be sensitive to minor choices in their estimation. Used subsequently in a small macroeconomic model, those sensitivities lead to wide variations in the inferred effects of UMP on inflation and unemployment outcomes. Therefore, it should not be presumed that any SSR series will necessarily be quantitatively useful. Vetting SSR series allows appropriate SSR series to be retained within the suite of UMP indicators.
Oil droplet formation on pellicle covered tooth surfaces studied with environmental scanning electron microscopy
Authors: PECKYS D.B. , DE JONGE N. , HANNIG M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryLipophilic components are known to modulate the process of bioadhesion on the tooth surface. However, the presence of lipid droplets at the acquired pellicle under oral conditions has not been demonstrated, yet. The purpose of the present study was to establish a method for direct visualisation of lipids on the surface of hydrated, pellicle covered tooth samples by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and to use this technique for studying the effects of rinsing with edible oils on the acquired pellicle under in vivo conditions. In situ pellicle formation was performed by 3 min exposure of enamel and dentin specimens in the oral cavity of volunteers. Subsequently, the volunteers rinsed in vivo with safflower oil or linseed oil for 30 s, and the specimens were further carried intraorally for periods from 0 min up to several hours. After intraoral exposure the specimens were treated by osmium tetroxide vapour, and were subsequently analysed by ESEM. This technique was capable to directly visualise the presence of lipid droplets at the pellicle's surface under hydrated conditions. ESEM analyses revealed that surface bound nano‐ and micro‐sized lipid droplets were present at the acquired pellicle's surface even several hours after rinsing with edible oils indicating that these droplets had tightly adhered to the pellicle surface. Pellicle modification by edible oil rinsing as demonstrated in the present study might have the potential to be beneficial as an adjunct in dental prophylaxis.
Nematicidal screening of essential oils and potent toxicity of Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil against Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Barros Aline F. , Campos Vicente P. , de Paula Letícia L. , Oliveira Denilson F. , de Silva Fabíola J. , Terra Willian C. , Silva Geraldo H. , Salimena Juliana P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is known that some plant essential oils have pesticide activities. Among the 29 oils evaluated in this study, 14 showed nematicidal activities of 8 to 100% at the concentration of 1,000 μg/ml, compared with a control of 0.01 g/ml Tween 80®. At a lower concentration of 500 μg/ml, only Dysphania ambrosioides oil caused >90% mortality of second‐stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita. The LC50 and LC95 values for D. ambrosioides oil were 307 μg/ml and 580 μg/ml, respectively. M. incognita eggs placed in D. ambrosioides oil solutions had a significant reduction in J2 hatching compared with controls. Therefore, the oil had a toxic effect on both eggs and J2 of M. incognita. This was in contrast to nematicides on the market that act efficiently only on J2. When J2 were placed in D. ambrosioides oil at its LC50 concentration and inoculated onto tomato plants, the reduction in numbers of galls and eggs was 99.5% and 100%, respectively. Dysphania ambrosioides oil applied to the potting substrate of plants at a concentration of 1,100 μg/ml significantly reduced the number of galls and eggs of M. incognita, whereas a concentration of 800 μg/ml only reduced the number of eggs compared with the controls (Tween 80® and water). The main components of the D. ambrosioides oil detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were (Z)‐ascaridole (87.28%), E‐ascaridole (8.45%) and p‐cymene (3.35%), representing 99.08% of the total oil composition. Given its nematicidal activity, D. ambrosioides oil represents an exciting raw material in the search for new bioactive molecules for the pesticide industry.
Ralstonia solanacearum colonization of tomato roots infected by Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Furusawa Akiko , Uehara Taketo , Ikeda Kentaro , Sakai Hiroshi , Tateishi Yasushi , Sakai Masao , Nakaho Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most serious diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Concomitant infection of R. solanacearum and root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita increases the severity of bacterial wilt in tomato, but the role of this nematode in disease complexes involving bacterial pathogens is not completely elucidated. Although root wounding by root‐knot nematode infection seems to play an important role, it might not entirely explain the increased susceptibility of plants to R. solanacearum. In the present study, green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labelled R. solanacearum distribution was observed in the root systems of the tomato cultivar Momotaro preinoculated with root‐knot nematode or mock‐inoculated with tap water. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that GFP‐labelled R. solanacearum mainly colonized root‐knot nematode galls, and little or no green fluorescence was observed in nematode‐uninfected roots. These results suggest that the gall induced by the nematode is a suitable location for the growth of R. solanacearum. Thus, it is crucial to control both R. solanacearum and root‐knot nematode in tomato production fields to reduce bacterial wilt disease incidence and effects.
Genetic diversity ofColletotrichum gloeosporioidesspecies complex associated withCitruswither‐tip of twigs in Tunisia using microsatellite markers
Authors: Bahri Bochra Amina , Saadani Mariem , Mechichi Ghaya , Rouissi Wafa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAnthracnoseCitrusdisease has been associated with several symptoms worldwide and it is recently compromisingCitrusproduction in the Mediterranean area. Four species complexes are mainly involved:Colletotrichum boninense,C. acutatum,C. gloeosporioidesandC. truncatum. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity ofColletotrichumspp. in Tunisia associated with wither‐tip of twigs onCitrus. Specific primers ITS4‐CgInt allowed the identification ofC. gloeosporioidesspecies complex in all the 54 isolates, sampled from three regions and fourCitrusspecies. Overall, our genotypic analysis using 10 SSR markers showed a moderate diversity level in TunisianC. gloeosporioidespopulation and highlighted thatC. gloeosporioidesreproduce mainly clonally. In addition, heterothallic isolates were present in our population, suggesting that the pathogen population may undergo parasexual recombinations. The highest genetic diversity inC. gloeosporioideswas recorded in Nabeul and on orange, which likely constitutes the area and the host of origin for theCitrusanthracnose disease in Tunisia. In addition, no population subdivision was detected at the geographic, host species or cultivars’ origin levels. However, our study identified two genetic subpopulations and indicated a rapidC. gloeosporioidespopulation change at temporal scale that should be further examined over several consecutive growing seasons in order to understand its population dynamics.
Melatonin stabilizes rupture‐prone vulnerable plaques via regulating macrophage polarization in a nuclear circadian receptor RORα‐dependent manner
Authors: Ding Song , Lin Nan , Sheng Xincheng , Zhao Yichao , Su Yuanyuan , Xu Longwei , Tong Renyang , Yan Yang , Fu Yanan , He Jie , Gao Yu , Yuan Ancai , Ye Lei , Reiter Russel J. , Pu Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRupture of vulnerable plaques is the main trigger of acute cardio‐cerebral vascular events, but mechanisms responsible for transforming a stable atherosclerotic into a vulnerable plaque remain largely unknown. Melatonin, an indoleamine hormone secreted by the pineal gland, plays pleiotropic roles in the cardiovascular system; however, the effect of melatonin on vulnerable plaque rupture and its underlying mechanisms remains unknown. Here, we generated a rupture‐prone vulnerable carotid plaque model induced by endogenous renovascular hypertension combined with low shear stress in hypercholesterolemic ApoE−/− mice. Melatonin (10 mg/kg/d by oral administration for 9 weeks) significantly prevented vulnerable plaque rupture, with lower incidence of intraplaque hemorrhage (42.9% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.014) and of spontaneous plaque rupture with intraluminal thrombus formation (38.1% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.029). Mechanistic studies indicated that melatonin ameliorated intraplaque inflammation by suppressing the differentiation of intraplaque macrophages toward the proinflammatory M1 phenotype, and circadian nuclear receptor retinoid acid receptor‐related orphan receptor‐α (RORα) mediated melatonin‐exerted vasoprotection against vulnerable plaque instability and intraplaque macrophage polarization. Further analysis in human monocyte‐derived macrophages confirmed the role of melatonin in regulating macrophage polarization by regulating the AMPKα‐STATs pathway in a RORα‐dependent manner. In summary, our data provided the first evidence that melatonin‐RORα axis acts as a novel endogenous protective signaling pathway in the vasculature, regulates intraplaque inflammation, and stabilizes rupture‐prone vulnerable plaques.
Human oral processing and texture profile analysis parameters: Bridging the gap between the sensory evaluation and the instrumental measurements
Authors: Nishinari Katsuyoshi , Fang Yapeng , Rosenthal Andrew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStudies in food oral processing are becoming increasingly important with the advent of the aged society. The food oral processing model of Hutchings and Lillford (Journal of Texture Studies, 19, 1988, 103–115) describes the structural breakdown and lubrication of ingested food before the swallowing stage, and has been revisited in the present article. The instrumental technique texture profile analysis (TPA) purports to mimic the first two bites of mastication and its ease of use has lured some researchers to use it without a critical eye. In this article, we consider inconsistencies in the Hutchings and Lillford model with the hope that it might be further refined. With regard to TPA we question the validity of the data generated and urge authors caution before they publish results from the test protocol. If results are published then the x‐axis should be viewed as deformation or strain, and not time. Hardness should be represented by the breaking stress. Adhesiveness should be measured at a medium strain taking into account the surface properties of the plunger. The ratio of the energy estimated by the area under the curve obtained from the second and the first bites (A2/A1) should be called recoverability and not cohesiveness.