bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Receptor-like proteins: decision-makers of plant immunity
Authors: Cai Minrui , Yu Hongqiang , Sun E , Zuo Cunwu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractReceptor-like proteins (RLPs) are crucial pattern-recognition receptors on the surface of plant cells, which are involved in almost all processes of the plant life cycle. Recently, the evolution of high-throughput sequencing technology has strengthened the appraisal and identification of increasing numbers of RLPs and has primarily improved our understanding of the roles of RLPs in various biological processes. Here, we review the classification and evolutionary characteristics of RLPs and their regulatory roles in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). In particular, we summarize the ligands recognized by RLPs, their co-receptors, and downstream signalling cascades mediated by RLPs. To summarize, this review offers beneficial guidance for researchers in at-a-glance comprehension of the function of RLPs. It also puts forward the prospect of mining broad-spectrum candidate genes in light of the research on the disease resistance mechanism of RLPs and current challenges in disease resistance breeding.
Innate immunodeficiencies: a group of primary immunodeficiencies predisposing exclusively to common diseases
Authors: Refaat Marwa , Oujane Chaymae , Kholaiq Halima , Aadam Zahra , Errami Abderrahmane , Baghad Bouchra , Boussetta Soufiane , El Kettani Assiya , Benhsaien Ibtihal , Ailal Fatima , Bourhanbour Asmaa Drissi , El Bakkouri Jalila , Bousfiha Ahmed Aziz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Innate immune deficiencies can impair both cellular and humoral immune responses. In contrast, other immune functions may appear normal, leading to increased susceptibility to specific pathogens, such as severe viral infections or Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD). Studying these deficiencies is essential for understanding the pathophysiology of these infectious diseases.

Main body
While primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) generally cause vulnerability to multiple infections, innate immunodeficiencies increase susceptibility to specific pathogens, despite normal immune responses to others. Patients with these deficiencies show normal immunoglobulins and lymphocyte subpopulations, complicating diagnosis. This review highlights genetic susceptibility to mycobacteria, pneumococci, herpes simplex virus, and candidiasis, emphasizing recognizing this subset of PIDs.

Conclusion
This review highlights the diverse spectrum of genetic mutations contributing to defects in innate and intrinsic immunity, including Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and predispositions to invasive bacterial and viral infections. Identifying key mutations in pathprovideh such as TLR3, IFN signaling, and IL-17A/F immunity provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of these conditions. Our findings underscore the need for early genetic diagnosis and targeted interventions, particularly in regions with high undiagnosed cases, to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with defects in innate and intrinsic immunity.
Assessment of gastrointestinal symptoms in neurologically impaired children with PEG using peptide versus casein based formulae
Authors: Tarek Sara , Eskander Ayman E. , Younis Alaa Mohamed , Salama Christine G. , ElNaggar Walaa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Nutritional interventions are a key strategy for sustaining general health in children with neurological impairment. Whey-based formulae have been shown to reduce gastroesophageal reflux and accelerate gastric emptying. Casein protein, on the other hand, precipitates in the stomach's acidic environment, slowing down gastric emptying.

Methods
This is a prospective observational study that included 34 children with severe neurological impairment between 2–14 years old of both sexes who underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (P.E.G) tube insertion, gastrointestinal dysfunction symptoms and nutritional status were compared after 6 months between those fed either peptide-based (100% whey) or casein-based formula. We aimed in the current study to determine whether peptide-based formula reduces gastroesophageal reflux episodes and improves symptoms of poor feeding tolerance compared to casein-based formula, and to evaluate the impact of both formulae on the nutritional status of those children.

Results
Using peptide-based, 100% whey protein formula was associated with improved feeding tolerance and reduced gastrointestinal issues such as constipation (p-value = 0.016), reflux, and vomiting episodes (p-value = 0.034). Unlike patients who obtained the casein-based formula, patients who received the peptide-based formula exhibited significant improvement in swallowing ability 6 months after PEG insertion when compared to pre-insertion (p-value = 0.002).

Conclusion
Whey-based formula is better recommended for neurologically impaired children who have poor swallowing abilities, constipation, reflux, and vomiting episodes.
Molecular modeling and implications of Biochanin A on ghrelin and IGF-1/myostatin signaling in radiation triggered cachexia
Authors: Shaheen Aya , Gheita Heba A. , Karam Heba M. , Zaher Nashwa H. , El-Sabbagh Walaa A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Cachexia, a loss of appetite and body weight as a result of systemic inflammation, considered one of the unavoidable side effects of radiation therapy. Controlling ghrelin (Ghr) levels could assist in alleviating this condition by improving appetite, promoting energy storage, and reducing cytokines’ generation. This study aimed to explore the effect of Biochanin A (BCA), a natural bioactive isoflavone, in alleviating radiation-cachexic syndrome.

Results
Molecular docking study of BCA demonstrated strong fitting with more binding interactions than megestrol acetate (MA), a commonly prescribed medication for cachexia, into Ghr active binding site. Accordingly, irradiated rats were treated with BCA or MA, with body weight monitoring. Force swimming test (FST) was carried out followed by gastrocnemius muscle weighting and histological examination. Biochemical assay of Ghr, TNF-α, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), myostatin (Mst), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and brain serotonin (5-HT) level, were carried in order to estimate the possible action pathway of BCA. Results showed that BCA improved weight gain and histological muscle bundle arrangement. Although, BCA and MA significantly reduced serum TNF-α by 25.6% and 24.2%, respectively, only BCA maintained normal IGF-1and Mst levels, whose balance is necessary to avoid skeletal muscle loss, the main mark of cachexia. Moreover, BCA showed tissue injury mitigation with normal energy expenditure by significantly suppressing LDH (20.5%) and maintaining normal 5-HT level.

Conclusion
By preserving the appropriate IGF-1 and MST metabolic balance and keeping muscle homeostasis, BCA, with its high Ghr binding interaction and anti-inflammatory properties, could have an impact on radiation cachectic syndrome.
Development and optimization of multivesicular gefitinib liposomal transdermal system employing lipoid S100 for breast cancer: pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and skin irritation studies in Wistar rats
Authors: Patel Jyoti S. , Raghavendra Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah , Sajeev Kumar B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Conventional therapies in cancer treatment face challenges including drug resistance, lack of specificity, and severe adverse reactions. This study explores the potential of liposomal transdermal delivery systems as an alternative to current therapies with improved BA and PK. The objective of the study was to formulate gefitinib liposomes by thin film hydration technique (TFH) using lipoid S100. A central composite design (CCD) was used to develop and optimize GEF-LIP-TDDs and to analyze the optimum concentrations of the selected variables (phospholipid, cholesterol) in liposomal formation. The model fitting was performed using Design-Expert (Stat-Ease, Ver 13). The GEF liposomes were evaluated for %EE, mean particle size and PDI. The optimized liposomes were fabricated as a transdermal patch by mercury substrate method and evaluated for %drug content, in vitro diffusion, in vivo biodistribution (PK and BA), and skin irritation studies in female Albino Wistar rats. The stability of the optimized transdermal patch was also assessed for 3 months.

Results
The CCD model was significant with F-value of 37.97, P-value of 0.0500 and R2 of 0.9644. The average vesicle size, PDI, and ZP of GEF-LIPs (F1–F13) were found to be between 112.8 to 373.7 nm, 0.186 to 0.510 and − 3.69 to − 82.2 mV, respectively. F3-GEF-LIP exhibited a mean vesicle size of 96.07 nm, ZP of − 46.06 mV, and a PDI of 0.423. F3-GEF-LIP demonstrated exceptional %EE (97.79) and sustained release effect (%CDR, 83.32) following a diffusion-controlled mechanism. TEM images confirmed liposomes of multivesicular type (MVV, < 100 nm). Importantly, optimized F3-GEF-LIP-TD showed no signs of edema in Wistar rats. The biodistribution of F3-GEF-LIP-TD was similar to pure GEF and was higher in the liver (p < 0.05). The BA of F3-GEF-LIP-TD was observed to be 74.05 ± 0.11% in comparison with oral GEF-LIP (65.25 ± 0.08%) and pure GEF (58.10 ± 0.17%).

Conclusion
TFH technique offers stable liposomes with high reproducibility. Our findings imply that GEF-LIP-TD provides enhanced BA and tissue distribution and can be considered as a substitution for orals or in combination for treating breast cancer. Lipoid S100 is a potential lipid for developing stable multivesicular nanoliposomes.

Graphical abstract
Chrna2-driven CRE Is Expressed in Beige Adipocytes
Authors: Zhu Kezhou , Liu Shanshan , Huang Yunying , Zhang Biyang , Houssein Nadia , Wu Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Significant research interest has been focused on beige adipocytes, the activation of which improves glucose and lipid homeostasis, therefore representing new therapeutic opportunities for metabolic diseases. Various Cre/Lox-based strategies have been used to investigate the developmental history of beige adipocytes and how these cells adapt to environmental changes. Despite the significant advancement of our understanding of beige adipocyte biology, much of the molecular insights of the beige adipocyte, including its origin and cell type-specific function, remain to be further illustrated. It has previously been shown that Chrna2 (cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit) has selective functionality in beige adipocytes. In this study, we explore the Chrna2-Cre-driven reporter expression in mouse beige adipocytes in vivo and in vitro. Our findings indicate that Chrna2-Cre expression is present selectively in multiple locular beige adipocytes in subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and differentiated stromal vascular fraction from iWAT. Chrna2-Cre expression was detected in iWAT of young pups and mice after cold exposure where a significant number of beige adipocytes are present. Chrna2-Cre-driven reporter expression is permanent in iWAT postlabeling and can be detected in the iWAT of adult mice or mice that have been housed extensively at thermoneutrality after cold exposure, even though only “inactive dormant” beige adipocytes are present in these mice. Chrna2-Cre expression can also be increased by rosiglitazone treatment and β-adrenergic activation. This research, therefore, introduces the Chrna2-Cre line as a valuable tool for tracking the development of beige adipocytes and investigating beige fat function.
Neurological Surgery Manpower Training and Density in Islamic Republic of Iran: A Population Study
Authors: Aarabi Bizhan , Tabatabaei Seyed Mahmood , Farrokhi Majid Reza , Khalili Hosseinali , Nejat Farideh , Samini Fariborz , Akhtar-Danesh Noori 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Significant disparities in worldwide neurosurgical training and workforce distribution are prominent primarily in low-income and middle-income countries. Although Iran is considered a lower middle–income country, neurosurgical density and distribution in Iran has surpassed the recommended ratio of 1 neurosurgeon for every 100 000 population. The objective was to determine neurological surgery density and distribution in Iran and the factors significant in the relative success in training and allocation of neurosurgeons in Iran.

METHODS:
Review of PubMed and administration of site surveys of multiple data sources including Neurosurgical Society of Iran, Iranian Board of Neurological Surgery, Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran, Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran, and Ministry of Health and Higher Education of Iran.

RESULTS:
Over the 72-year period from 1952 to 2024, 1200 neurosurgeons have been trained and distributed in 31 provinces in Iran, attaining a ratio of 1.4/100 000 population. All but 40 neurosurgeons were trained after 1981, which coincided with the Iran-Iraq War. Decentralization of medical and neurosurgical residency training programs, resolving the immediate need for neurosurgeons managing penetrating traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries during the 1980 to 1988 Iran-Iraq War, and active participation of legislative and executive branches of government in solving health care disparities were major factors in meeting the needs of the country. At the present time, more than 555 neurosurgeons are practicing in Tehran Province, a proportion of 3.8 neurosurgeons for every 100 000 population, which indicates an element of disparity in density distribution across Iranian land.

CONCLUSION:
Legislative initiatives and government support of public health care delivery and decentralization of medical and residency training programs after the Iran-Iraq War and introduction of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education are considered the main reasons for the relative success in meeting the neurosurgical demand and manpower density. Still, further adjustment of distribution of manpower is needed.
The ClearPoint Prism® Laser Ablation System: A New Platform for Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) in Neuro-Oncology
Authors: Wilson Hannah , Dhawan Sanjay , Do Truong Huy , Jones Samuel H. , Chen Clark C. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has advanced the surgical treatment of brain cancer. However, technical constraints in the first-generation laser ablation systems limit the full potential of this technology. The ClearPoint Prism® Laser Ablation System was developed to overcome many of these limitations, including a larger ablation window, a faster refresh rate for magnetic resonance thermometry, and integration with an MRI-compatible stereotactic system. This system was US Food and Drug Administration–cleared for neurosurgical use in 2022.METHODS:As an IDEAL Stage 1 study, we prospectively followed the first 3 patients who underwent LITT using the ClearPoint Prism® Laser Ablation System in the United States to establish feasibility and safety of this technology platform.RESULTS:Three patients underwent procedures involving MRI-guided needle biopsy followed by LITT. The radial error of stereotaxis relative to the intended target ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 mm (with a median of 1.0 mm). Definitive diagnosis was achieved in all cases. The average time required to establish the trajectories was 98.7 ± 16.6 minutes. The average time required to perform the biopsy and LITT was 110 ± 19.3 minutes. These times are not statistically different from our published results for comparable procedures using other available LITT systems. The average LITT time required to achieve ablation of >1 cm radius was 49 seconds (range: 29-133 seconds). There were no procedural complications. All patients were discharged home by postoperative day 3. The postoperative MRIs demonstrated expected ablation findings consistent with intraoperative thermometric assessment. With a median follow-up of 219 days (range: 185-259 days), there were no 30-day readmission, 90-day emergency visits, or wound complications.CONCLUSION:In this study, we introduced the design rationale for the ClearPoint Prism® Laser Ablation System, theoretical considerations for its technical merits relative to other existing systems, and to share our initial experience.
A Scoping Review on Vestibulopathy After Microsurgical Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma—The Forgotten Symptom
Authors: Bambakidis Evangeline , Mowry Sarah , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although half of patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) experience some form of vestibular dysfunction, it is rarely the most prominent symptom. The effect of VS resection on preexisting vestibulopathy remains poorly understood. Our objective was to perform a scoping review to elucidate the incidence and role of postoperative vestibulopathy after microsurgery (MS) as it relates to long-term quality of life (QOL) and predictors of recovery and to identify optimal management of vestibulopathy as a presenting symptom.METHODS:Studies were identified using the PubMed database published in the English language peer-reviewed recent literature (2000-2023) using MeSH and tiab terms, and additional studies identified from a secondary review of reference lists.RESULTS:Thirty-one articles were selected and reviewed. The literature quotes a wide range for the incidence of postoperative vestibulopathy after MS (4%-100%). Persistent vertigo universally demonstrates a strong negative effect on long-term QOL. Potential predictors of poor vestibular compensation include sex, advanced age, and tumor size. Few studies examine postoperative vertigo compared with preoperative baseline. Studies are inconsistent and variable in their use of measurement tools to assess vestibulopathy and QOL. Improvement in baseline vestibulopathy can be seen in long-term post-MS, particularly in patients with severe or disabling vertigo, although outcomes relative to other treatment modalities are otherwise similar.CONCLUSION:Further understanding of predictors and comparative management strategies for vestibulopathy would be valuable in addressing an important negative influence on QOL in patients with VS. Prospective studies factoring preoperative baseline and using standardized measurement tools are needed.
Zakład ubezpieczeń jako pokrzywdzony z art. 49 § 3 Kodeksu postępowania karnego
Authors: Gołdyn-Badowiec Renata 
Published: November 2024

This monograph is a study concerning the issue of participation in criminal proceedings of an insurance company as an injured party to the extent to which it has covered the damage caused to the injured party by a crime or is obliged to cover it. The addressed subject refers to the issues related to, among others, the right of the injured party, i.e. the insurance company, to a fair criminal trial, its representation in criminal proceedings, its rights in criminal proceedings as an injured party under Article 49 § 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, its pursuit of civil-law claims in criminal proceedings under the provision of Article 49 § 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the obligation of the perpetrator of a traffic accident to compensate for damage in the context of the insurance company's obligation to compensate for damage under third party liability insurance for motor vehicle owners or the impact of the curtailment benefit on the position of the insurance company as an injured party in criminal proceedings. The book also presents proposals for legislative solutions in the context of the continued validity of the provision of Article 49 § 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure or the possibility of pursuing civil-law claims by an insurance company in criminal proceedings. The considerations undertaken in this monograph refer not only to the analysis of regulations of broadly understood criminal law, but also civil law (both substantive law and, in some considerations, procedural law), with particular emphasis on business insurance law. In the context of the right of the injured party, i.e. the insurance company, to a fair criminal trial, the norms of constitutional and international law (primarily the European Convention on Human Rights), as well as the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights and the Constitutional Tribunal, have been considered. The book also contains the current views of the doctrine and a rich collection of case law, collected in one place, as well as the results of case file research on the participation of the insurance company in criminal proceedings as an injured party under the provisions of Article 49 § 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
AI-BASED AUTOMATED VARUS/VALGUS ALIGNMENT MEASUREMENT IN STANDARD KNEE RADIOGRAPHS
Authors: Cullen D. , Thompson P. , Johnson D. , Lindner C. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionAccurate assessment of alignment in pre-operative and post-operative knee radiographs is important for planning and evaluating knee replacement surgery. Existing methods predominantly rely on manual measurements using long-leg radiographs, which are time-consuming to perform and are prone to reliability errors. In this study, we propose a machine-learning-based approach to automatically measure anatomical varus/valgus alignment in pre-operative and post-operative standard AP knee radiographs.MethodWe collected a training dataset of 816 pre-operative and 457 one-year post-operative AP knee radiographs of patients who underwent knee replacement surgery. Further, we have collected a separate distinct test dataset with both pre-operative and one-year post-operative radiographs for 376 patients. We manually outlined the distal femur and the proximal tibia/fibula with points to capture the knee joint (including implants in the post-operative images). This included point positions used to permit calculation of the anatomical tibiofemoral angle. We defined varus/valgus as negative/positive deviations from zero. Ground truth measurements were obtained from the manually placed points. We used the training dataset to develop a machine-learning-based automatic system to locate the point positions and derive the automatic measurements. Agreement between the automatic and manual measurements for the test dataset was assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), mean absolute difference (MAD) and Bland-Altman analysis.ResultAnalysing the agreement between the manual and automated measurements, ICC values were excellent pre-/post-operatively (0.96, CI: 0.94-0.96) / (0.95, CI: 0.95-0.96). Pre-/post-operative MAD values were 1.3°±1.4°SD / 0.7°±0.6°SD. The Bland-Altman analysis showed a pre-/post-operative mean difference (bias) of 0.3°±1.9°SD/-0.02°±0.9°SD, with pre-/post-operative 95% limits of agreement of ±3.7°/±1.8°, respectively.ConclusionThe developed machine-learning-based system demonstrates high accuracy and reliability in automatically measuring anatomical varus/valgus alignment in pre-operative and post-operative knee radiographs. It provides a promising approach for automating the measurement of anatomical alignment without the need for long-leg radiographs.AcknowledgementsThis research was funded by the Wellcome Trust [223267/Z/21/Z].