bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of ocular perforation during retrobulbar block using high-resolution spectral domain–optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Rizzo Stanislao , Tartaro Ruggero , Finocchio Lucia , Giorni Andrea , Bacherini Daniela , Savastano Alfonso 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: This article reports a case of ocular perforation during a retrobulbar block in a patient who underwent scleral buckle for retinal detachment. Methods: Sterile air was immediately injected into the vitreous cavity to restore intraocular pressure and the scleral buckle operation was quickly finished. One week later, a laser retinopexy was performed on the two retinal holes that were outside the foveal area. After 6 months, spectral domain–optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography were performed on the perforated wall centered on the exit hole area. Results: The visual acuity was maintained 20/20 and the retina was totally attached. Spectral domain–optical coherence tomography showed a localized interruption of inner retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid, with a higher posterior reflectivity in correspondence with the sclera. Optical coherence tomography angiography was able to detect atrophic alterations in the choroidal slab with a good visualization of large and rarefied choroidal vessels due to lack of retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris. Conclusion: When ocular perforation by a needle is outside the foveal area and when there is an early awareness of the perforation, the complications may be avoided, and we could observe a good final visual acuity result. Furthermore, using spectral domain–optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography, we could observe the perforated eyeball wall and study the effects of a 25-gauge needle perforation in the retinal and choroidal blood stream.
Icariin, a flavonoid with anti-cancer effects, alleviated paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in a SIRT1-dependent manner
Authors: Gui Yulong , Zhang Jie , Chen Liang , Duan Shunyuan , Tang Jing , Xu Wei , Li Aiyuan 
Published: April 2018

Background One of the most common side effects of paclitaxel was dosage-dependently painful neuropathy. Various reports indicated that spinal neuroinflammation was involved in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. This study investigated the effect of icariin on paclitaxel-induced neuroinflammation and peripheral neuropathy in rats. Methods Two parts were included in this study. In part one, the effect of icariin on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain was investigated. Mechanical thresholds were measured as primary outcomes. Production of proinflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 β, and interleukin-6), activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB(p65)) signal, and activation of astrocytes were detected as secondary outcomes. Spinal Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, H4 acetylation, and NAD+ content were measured to investigate the effect of icariin on spinal SIRT1 signal pathway. In part two, the role of SIRT1 signal on icariin-induced effect in rats was investigated, and EX527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, was employed. Results The results showed paclitaxel treatment induced significant decrease in mechanical thresholds. Paclitaxel treatment also induced NF-κB(p65) activation and upregulation of proinflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Paclitaxel also induced astrocyte activation in the spinal cord. However, 100 mg/kg icariin treatment significantly alleviated paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia and spinal neuroinflammation. Furthermore, icariin treatment dosage-dependently reversed paclitaxel-induced SIRT1 downregulation and H4 acetylation. EX527, a selective SIRT1 inhibitor, completely reversed icariin-induced anti-neuroinflammation and anti-allodynia effects in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain rats. Conclusions This meant that spinal SIRT1 activation was involved in icariin-induced effects in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain rats. Icariin could be a potential agent for the treatment of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
Orlistat Therapy for Children With Type 1 Hyperlipoproteinemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Patni Nivedita , Quittner Claudia , Garg Abhimanyu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Context
Patients with type 1 hyperlipoproteinemia (T1HLP), a rare genetic disorder, have extreme chylomicronemia and recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. Currently, the only therapeutic option is to consume an extremely low-fat diet because the triglyceride-lowering medications are not efficacious.

Objective
To determine the efficacy of orlistat, a gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor, in reducing serum triglyceride levels in patients with T1HLP.

Design and Setting
We conducted a randomized, open-label, clinical trial with a four-period, two-sequence (“orlistat” and “off orlistat” for 3 months), crossover study design.

Patients
Two unrelated young Asian Indian males (11 and 9 years old) with T1HLP due to homozygous large GPIHBP1 deletions were enrolled at the UT Southwestern Medical Center. The patients were randomized to receive 3 months of orlistat or no therapy (off), then crossed over to the other arm, and this sequence was then repeated. Fasting serum triglyceride levels, fat-soluble vitamins, and gastrointestinal side effects were assessed.

Results
Compared with the two off periods, orlistat therapy reduced serum triglycerides by 53.3% and 53.0% in patient 1 and 45.8% and 62.2% in patient 2. There was no deficiency of fat-soluble vitamin levels, and their growth continued. There were no serious adverse effects of orlistat; patient 1 had a mild increase in passage of gas and bloating, and patient 2 had constipation with mild stool leakage.

Conclusion
Orlistat is safe and highly efficacious in lowering serum triglycerides in children with T1HLP and should be the first-line therapy in conjunction with an extremely low-fat diet.
Multimodal Regulation of Circadian Glucocorticoid Rhythm by Central and Adrenal Clocks
Authors: Son Gi Hoon , Cha Hyo Kyeong , Chung Sooyoung , Kim Kyungjin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs) control a wide range of physiological processes, including metabolism, cardiovascular and pulmonary activities, immune and inflammatory responses, and various brain functions. During stress responses, GCs are secreted through activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, whereas circulating GC levels in unstressed states follow a robust circadian oscillation with a peak around the onset of the active period of a day. A recent advance in chronobiological research has revealed that multiple regulatory mechanisms, along with classical neuroendocrine regulation, underlie this GC circadian rhythm. The hierarchically organized circadian system, with a central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and local oscillators in peripheral tissues, including the adrenal gland, mediates periodicities in physiological processes in mammals. In this review, we primarily focus on our understanding of the circadian regulation of adrenal GC rhythm, with particular attention to the cooperative actions of the suprachiasmatic nucleus central and adrenal local clocks, and the clinical implications of this rhythm in human diseases.
Comparison of Intraoperative Sedation With Dexmedetomidine Versus Propofol on Acute Postoperative Pain in Total Knee Arthroplasty Under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Shin Hyun-Jung , Do Sang-Hwan , Lee Jae-Sung , Kim Tae-Kyun , Na Hyo-Seok 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
In patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia, we compared the postoperative analgesic effect of intraoperative sedation with dexmedetomidine versus propofol. We hypothesized that sedation with dexmedetomidine would result in lower postoperative opioid analgesic consumption than with propofol.

METHODS:
Forty-eight patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to either a dexmedetomidine group (n = 24), which received a loading dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine over 10 minutes, followed by a continuous infusion of 0.1–0.5 μg·kg−1·hour−1, or a propofol group (n = 24), which received a continuous infusion of propofol via a target-controlled infusion to maintain the effect-site concentration within a range of 0.5–2.0 μg/mL. The drug infusion rate was determined according to the sedation level, targeting a modified observer’s assessment of alertness/sedation score of 3 or 4. The cumulative amounts of fentanyl administered via intravenous patient-controlled analgesia were recorded at 24 and 48 hours postoperatively (primary outcome). The postoperative numerical rating scale for pain was assessed at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours (secondary outcome). The postoperative use of additional rescue analgesic (ketoprofen) and antiemetic drugs was also compared between the 2 groups at 24 and 48 hours.

RESULTS:
Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced postoperative fentanyl consumption (median [interquartile range]) during 0–24 hours (45 [30–71] vs 150 [49–248] μg, P = .004; median difference = −105 μg [99.98% CI, 210–7.5]), 24–48 hours (90 [45–143] vs 188 [75–266] μg, P = .005; median difference = −98 μg [99.98% CI, 195–45]), and 0–48 hours (135 [68–195] vs 360 [146–480] μg, P = .003; median difference = −225 μg [99.98% CI, 405–7.5]). The numerical rating scale (median [interquartile range]) was lower at 6 hours (1 [0–2] vs 2 [1–3], P = .003), 12 hours (1 [1–2] vs 3 [2–3], P < .001), 24 hours (1 [1–2] vs 3 [2–3], P < .001), and 48 hours (2 [2–3] vs 3 [3–4], P < .001) after surgery in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the propofol group. No significant intergroup differences were observed in the amount of rescue analgesics and antiemetics at 24 hours (P = .155 and P = .482) and 48 hours (P = .082 and P = .153) after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS:
Intraoperative dexmedetomidine sedation was associated with a small but clinically important reduction in postoperative opioid use after total knee arthroplasty.
Dezocine Alleviates Morphine-Induced Dependence in Rats
Authors: Wu Fei-xiang , Babazada Hasan , Gao Hao , Huang Xi-Ping , Xi Chun-hua , Chen Chun-hua , Xi Jin , Yu Wei-feng , Liu Renyu 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
Opioid dependence is a major public health issue without optimal therapeutics. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effect of dezocine, a nonaddictive opioid, in opioid dependence in rat models.

METHODS:
Dezocine was administered intraperitoneally to a morphine-dependent rat model to investigate its effect on withdrawal and conditioned place preference (CPP). Effect of dezocine on morphine withdrawal syndrome and CPP was analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Buprenorphine and vehicle solution containing 20% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide were used for positive and negative control, respectively. The astrocytes activation in nucleus accumbens was assessed by immunofluorescence assay of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Effect of dezocine and buprenorphine on the internalization of κ opioid receptor (KOR) was investigated using Neuro2A expressing KOR fused to red fluorescent protein tdTomato (KOR-tdT). Buprenorphine and dezocine were screened against 44 G-protein–coupled receptors, ion channels, and transporter proteins using radioligand-binding assay to compare the molecular targets.

RESULTS:
The mean withdrawal score was reduced in rats treated with 1.25 mg·kg−1 dezocine compared to vehicle-treated control animals starting from the day 1 (mean difference: 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.35–9.25; P < .0001 by 2-way ANOVA). Significance was observed at all treatment days, including day 7 (mean difference: 2.13; 95% CI, 0.68–3.58; P < .001 by 2-way ANOVA). Furthermore, dezocine inhibited the reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP (mean difference: 314; 95% CI, 197.9–430.1; P < .0001 by 2-way ANOVA) compared to the control group. Chronic morphine administration induced astrocytes activation in nucleus accumbens, which was attenuated by dezocine. Dezocine blocked the agonist-induced KOR internalization in vitro, 1 of the mechanisms involved in the downstream signaling and development of opioid dependence. Dezocine had affinity to norepinephrine and serotonin transporters and sigma-1 receptor, whereas buprenorphine showed no activity against these targets.

CONCLUSIONS:
Dezocine could potentially be used to alleviate opioid dependence. Due to the unique molecular target profile different from buprenorphine, it might have important value in studying the mechanisms of morphine dependence and developing novel therapeutic approaches.
Bodyminds Reimagined
Authors: Schalk Sami 
Published: April 2018

In Bodyminds Reimagined Sami Schalk traces how black women's speculative fiction complicates the understanding of bodyminds—the intertwinement of the mental and the physical—in the context of race, gender, and (dis)ability. Bridging black feminist theory with disability studies, Schalk demonstrates that this genre's political potential lies in the authors' creation of bodyminds that transcend reality's limitations. She reads (dis)ability in neo-slave narratives by Octavia Butler (Kindred) and Phyllis Alesia Perry (Stigmata) not only as representing the literal injuries suffered under slavery, but also as a metaphor for the legacy of racial violence. The fantasy worlds in works by N. K. Jemisin, Shawntelle Madison, and Nalo Hopkinson—where werewolves have obsessive-compulsive-disorder and blind demons can see magic—destabilize social categories and definitions of the human, calling into question the very nature of identity. In these texts, as well as in Butler’s Parable series, able-mindedness and able-bodiedness are socially constructed and upheld through racial and gendered norms. Outlining (dis)ability's centrality to speculative fiction, Schalk shows how these works open new social possibilities while changing conceptualizations of identity and oppression through nonrealist contexts.
A Longitudinal Study of the Effect of Organized Physical Activity on Free Active Play
Authors: CAIRNEY JOHN , BULTEN RHEANNA , KING-DOWLING SARA , ARBOUR-NICITOPOULOS KELLY 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The relationship between organized sport participation and positive youth development is well established. However, overinvolvement in sport and organized physical activity has been identified as having a potentially negative effect. Overscheduling and its impact on free play is one concern, given the importance of free play to overall health and development. Currently, it is not known if greater participation in organized sport has a positive or negative effect on discretionary free play in children and youth.

Methods
The Physical Health and Activity Study Team study was a 5-yr, longitudinal cohort study that followed 2278 fourth grade children (ages 9–10 yr). Organized sport and free play was assessed in the fall of each school year from fifth to eighth grades using self-report questionnaires.

Results
Using mixed-effects modeling, we found that higher participation in organized sport was associated with increased participation in free play over time (coefficient = 0.20, P < 0.001). Although this effect was independent of age and socioeconomic status, we did find that boys with high levels of organized participation reported the highest levels of free play overall.

Conclusions
Possible explanations for this association are related to the role sport might play in supporting physical literacy and the development of fundamental movement skills, allowing children to participate in more active free play pursuits. It might also be the case that active children simply seek out both organized and unorganized physical activity opportunities during this developmental period. Limitations and implications for further research and policy are discussed.
Relationship between Hospital 30‐Day Mortality Rates for Heart Failure and Patterns of Early Inpatient Comfort Care
Authors: Chen Lena M. , Levine Deborah A. , Hayward Rodney , Cox Margueritte , Schulte Phillip J. , DeVore Adam D. , Hernandez Adrian , Heidenreich Paul A. , Yancy Clyde , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDThe Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services rewards hospitals that have low 30‐day risk‐standardized mortality rates (RSMR) for heart failure (HF).OBJECTIVETo describe the use of early comfort care for patients with HF, and whether hospitals that more commonly initiate comfort care have higher 30‐day mortality rates.DESIGNA retrospective, observational study.SETTINGAcute care hospitals in the United States.PATIENTSA total of 93,920 fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries admitted with HF from January 2008 to December 2014 to 272 hospitals participating in the Get With The Guidelines‐Heart Failure registry.EXPOSUREEarly comfort care (defined as comfort care within 48 hours of hospitalization) rate.MEASUREMENTSA 30‐day RSMR.RESULTSHospitals' early comfort care rates were low for patients admitted for H F, with no change over time (2.5% to 2.6%, from 2008 to 2014, P = .56). Rates varied widely (0% to 40%), with 14.3% of hospitals not initiating comfort care for any patients during the first 2 days of hospitalization. Risk‐standardized early comfort care rates were not correlated with RSMR (median RSMR = 10.9%, 25th to 75th percentile = 10.1% to 12.0%; Spearman's rank correlation = 0.13; P = .66).CONCLUSIONSHospital use of early comfort care for HF varies, has not increased over time, and on average, is not correlated with 30‐day RSMR. This suggests that current efforts to lower mortality rates have not had unintended consequences for hospitals that institute early comfort care more commonly than their peers.
Predictors of Long‐Term Opioid Use After Opioid Initiation at Discharge From Medical and Surgical Hospitalizations
Authors: Mosher Hilary J. , Hofmeyer Brooke A. , Hadlandsmyth Katherine , Richardson Kelly K. , Lund Brian C. 
Published: April 2018

Opioid analgesics may be initiated following surgical and medical hospitalization or in ambulatory settings; rates of subsequent long‐term opioid (LTO) use have not been directly compared. This retrospective cohort study of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) included all patients receiving a new outpatient opioid prescription from a VHA provider in fiscal year 2011. If a new outpatient prescription was filled within 2 days following hospital discharge, the initiation was considered a discharge prescription. LTO use was defined as an episode of continuous opioid supply lasting a minimum of 90 days and beginning within 30 days of the initial prescription. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to identify the factors associated with LTO use following surgical and medical discharges. Following incident prescription, 5.3% of discharged surgical patients, 15.2% of discharged medical patients, and 19.3% of outpatient opioid initiators received opioids long term. Medical and surgical patients differed; surgical patients were more likely to receive shorter prescription durations. Predictors of LTO use were similar in medical and surgical patients; the most robust predictor in both groups was the number of days' supply of the initial prescription (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24 and 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12‐1.37 for 8‐14 days; OR = 1.56 and 95% CI, 1.39‐1.76 for 15‐29 days; and OR = 2.59 and 95% CI, 2.35‐2.86 for >30 days) compared with the reference group receiving ≤7days. Rates of subsequent LTO use are higher among discharged medical patients than among surgical patients. Characteristics of opioid prescribing within the initial 30 days, including initial dose and days prescribed, were strongly associated with LTO use.
On complex Berwald metrics which are not conformal changes of complex Minkowski metrics
Authors: Xia Hongchuan , Zhong Chunping 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We investigate a class of complex Finsler metrics on a domain D ⊂ ℂ
n
. Necessary and sufficient conditions for these metrics to be strongly pseudoconvex complex Finsler metrics, or complex Berwald metrics, are given. The complex Berwald metrics constructed in this paper are neither trivial Hermitian metrics nor conformal changes of complex Minkowski metrics. We give a characterization of complex Berwald metrics which are of isotropic holomorphic curvatures, and also give characterizations of complex Finsler metrics of this class to be Kähler Finsler or weakly Kähler Finsler metrics. Moreover, in the strongly convex case, we give characterizations of complex Finsler metrics of this class to be projectively flat Finsler metrics or dually flat Finsler metrics.
Homogeneous spin Riemannian manifolds with the simplest Dirac operator
Authors: Gadea P. M. , González-Dávila J. C. , Oubiña J. A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We show the existence of nonsymmetric homogeneous spin Riemannian manifolds whose Dirac operator is like that on a Riemannian symmetric spin space. Such manifolds are exactly the homogeneous spin Riemannian manifolds (M, g) which are traceless cyclic with respect to some quotient expression M = G/K and reductive decomposition 𝔤 = 𝔨 ⊕ 𝔪. Using transversally symmetric fibrations of noncompact type, we give a list of them.
Productivity, vocabulary size, and new words. A response to Säily (2016)
Authors: Berg Kristian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSäily (2016, Sociolinguistic variation in morphological productivity in eighteenth-century English.Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory12(1). 129–151) offers a very interesting way of gauging the productivity of a word-formation pattern when the corresponding token counts vary. However, I disagree with the operationalization of productivity that she uses. If we employ vocabulary size as an indicator of productivity, later stages in a language’s life will automatically be more productive. As an alternative, I suggest a neologism-based measure, which is preferable for various reasons.
Effect of the African-specific promoter polymorphisms on the SLC22A2 gene expression levels
Authors: Pearce Brendon , Abrahams-October Zainonesa , Xhakaza Lettilia , Jacobs Clifford , Benjeddou Mongi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background:
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in promoter regions have been shown to alter the transcription of genes. Thus, SNPs in SLC22A2 can result in inter-individual variable response to medication.

Methods:
The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of the African-specific promoter polymorphisms on the SLC22A2 gene expression levels in vitro. These included rs572296424 and rs150063153, which have been previously identified in the Xhosa population of South Africa. The promoter region (300 bp) for the two haplotypes was cloned into the pGLOW promoterless GFP reporter vector. The GFP expression levels of each haplotype was determined in the HEK293 cells using a GlowMax Multi-Detection E7031 luminometer in the form of light emission.

Results:
The relative promoter activity suggests that no significant variation exists between the expression levels of the WT and -95 haplotypes and the -95 and -156 haplotypes (p=0.498). However, the relative promoter activity of the WT haplotype in comparison to the -156 haplotype displayed a significant difference in expression level (p=0.016).

Conclusions:
The data presented here show that the African-specific promoter polymorphisms can cause a decrease in the SLC22A2 gene expression levels in vitro, which in turn, may influence the pharmacokinetic profiles of cationic drugs.
Sharp estimates for the gradient of the generalized Poisson integral for a half-space
Authors: Kresin Gershon , Maz’ya Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
A representation of the sharp coefficient in a pointwise estimate for the gradient
of the generalized Poisson integral of a function f on

ℝ
n

{{\mathbb{R}}^{n}}

is obtained under the assumption that
f belongs to

L
p

{L^{p}}

. The explicit value of the coefficient is found for the cases

p
=
1

{p=1}

and

p
=
2

{p=2}

.