bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and spatial distribution of mesoplastics in an arable soil
Authors: Dorau Kristof , Rückamp Daniel , Weber Christian , Scheeder Georg , Reßing Ronja , Peth Stephan , Otto Philipp , Altmann Korinna , Fries Elke , Hoppe Martin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExtraction of plastic particles from soil is challenging and, thus, exceptionally little spatial information on plastic distribution at the field scale has been gathered. However, for environmental risk assessment, adequate sampling should complement coherent plastic profiling. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of mesoplastics (MePs; from >5 mm up to 130 mm) in arable soil (Haplic Cambisol) managed intensively by 12 years of compost application. Geo‐referenced samples (n = 128) and five different sampling designs (n = 45) of variable sampling volume (from 2 to 300 L) were collected at a three hectare study site in Northern Germany (0–30 cm soil depth). Soil properties such as pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) were measured to evaluate dispersion measures of these data. In total, we found 259 MePs with a predominance of transparent packaging foils made of polyethylene and coloured fibres of polypropylene. Average particle metrics were a projection area of 47 (3–400) mm2, a Feret diameter of 18.5 (5.4–130) mm and a mass of 1.89 (0.11–221) mg. Caution is advised when measuring the particle mass due to still strongly adhering soil material, especially for fibre bundles with 0.544 mg soil mg−1 particle. We recommend using a 0.1 mol L−1 tetrasodium pyrophosphate solution to purify MePs by removing attached soil before weighing for further environmental risk assessment. The MePs count with a median value of 0.50 (0–3.2) particles kg−1 and median mass of 2.26 (0–221) mg kg−1 featured the highest coefficient of variation (CV) with 103% and 187%, respectively. This is 10–20 times larger in comparison to the CV of SOC (9.2%) and even 50–93 times larger than CV of soil pH (2.2%). This leads to the need of larger sample numbers to delineate plastic metrics in comparison with soil properties to identify a reliable mean value of the field within a predefined allowable error. Mesoplastics in the soil were characterized by a pure nugget effect variogram (no spatial correlation), revealed no intrafield variability and the sample volume yielded inconclusive results. Sampling for plastics in soil should either (i) drastically increase the sample number for a single field or (ii) communicate transparently that the allowable error is by far enhanced in comparison with classical soil properties like pH and SOC. More systematic studies featuring geo‐spatial analysis of MePs and smaller‐sized plastics in soils are required to propose adequate sampling designs across multiple land uses and plastics fingerprints. A larger database would, thereupon, pave the way for best‐practice guides on how to treat ‘outliers’ and search for robust estimators for spatial mapping of plastics in soils.
Can coffee and cocoa cultivation restore intensively grazed dark earth of the Amazon rainforest?
Authors: Silva João Jose Costa , Souza Tancredo , Campos Milton César Costa , Mantovanelli Bruno Campos , de Lima Alan Ferreira Leite , Martins Thalita Silva , de Almeida Romaria Gomes , de Oliveira Flavio Pereira , Santana Rodrigo Macedo , da Silva Douglas Marcelo Pinheiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe conversion of natural ecosystem to pasture or agricultural fields is the main factor of soil fertility and aboveground biomass decline in the Amazon basin. Our aim here was to present the impacts on soil chemical properties and aboveground biomass associated with four land covers (Coffea canephora, natural ecosystem, pasture and Theobroma cacao) from the Amazon basin, Amazonas, Brazil. The soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), SOC stock, phosphorus (P), Ca2+, Al3+, H++Al3+, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation and aluminium saturation varied among the studied land covers. We observed a decrease in SOC stock by 82.9%, 33.1% and 79.5% when comparing the results of C. canephora, pasture and T. cacao with the natural ecosystem.Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that bulk density, soil pH, base saturation, Ca2+, K+, aboveground biomass increment (ABI), SOC stock, Al3+ and aluminium saturation were the main factors contributing to 86.45% of the data variance. Additionally, the proposed predictive models indicated that: (i) ABI was strongly influenced by soil pH, SOCstock, K+, Ca2+, base saturation and bulk density and (ii) SOCstock was strongly influenced by K+, Ca2+ and Al3+. The results of our study highlighted the importance of considering the conversion of natural ecosystems, aiming to find more suitable systems (e.g., agroforestry systems) in Brazil's Legal Amazon, based on the sustainable ways that simulate similar conditions to that occuring in the soil of natural ecosystems, since even the studied monocropping systems (T. cacao and C. canephora) that aimed to recover land degradation showed lower ABI and SOC stocks. Thus, future studies must consider the use of agroforestry systems with these crops to exploit positive results among soil chemical properties and aboveground biomass increment.
What Makes Measurement Important for Education?
Authors: Wilson Mark 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis contribution to the Special Issue of EM:IP on the topic of The Past, Present and Future of Educational Measurement concentrates on the present and the future and hence focuses on the goal of improving education. The results of meta‐analyses were examined, and it was noted that the largest effect sizes were associated with actual use of formative assessments in classroom settings—hence classroom assessment (in contrast with large‐scale assessment). The paper describes micro assessment, which focuses on in‐classroom forms of measurement, and then expands this assessment approach to focus on frames beyond that in terms of summative end‐of‐semester tests (macro). This is followed by a description of how these approaches can be combined using a construct map as the basis for developing and using assessments to span across these two levels in terms of the BEAR Assessment System (BAS). Throughout, this is exemplified using an elementary school program designed to teach students about geometry. Finally, a conclusion summarizes the discussion, and also looks to the future where a meso level of use involves end‐of‐unit tests.
Climate Change and Human Activities Contribute to the Enhancement Recovery of Grassland Productivity in Xinjiang
Authors: Li Yeye , Dong Yiqiang , Zhang Yongjuan , Zhang Bin , Li Congjuan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGrasslands, as a vital component of arid and semi‐arid terrestrial ecosystems, play a pivotal role in carbon cycling and ecosystem functioning. Climate change and human activities significantly affected grassland productivity. Understanding the main driving factors and their contribution rates is of great significance for the protection and sustainable development of grasslands. However, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the changes in grassland productivity and their driving factors in Xinjiang. This study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics and underlying driving factors of grassland actual net primary productivity (AcNPP) in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2022, utilising the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford Approach and geospatial detectors. Employing the nonlinear Random Forest technique, we assessed the dual impacts of climate change and human activities on grassland productivity. Our findings revealed that grassland productivity in Xinjiang exhibited fluctuating growth during this period, with an average annual AcNPP growth rate of 0.33 g C m−2 year−1. Comprehensive evaluation revealed that soil type, precipitation, and soil moisture content were the key determinants of the spatial distribution of AcNPP, with higher values in mountainous regions and lower in basins. The study further revealed that climate change, human activities, and their combined effects contributed to the recovery of 60.97% of grasslands in Xinjiang. However, human activities were the primary drivers of grassland degradation, with a contribution rate reaching 67.71%. Further analysis indicated that water conditions, particularly precipitation and soil moisture content, were the main forces driving grassland changes in Xinjiang. Although grazing management strategies, such as rotational stocking and deferred stocking, facilitated grassland recovery in 36.71% of areas impacted by human activities, grazing remains a significant anthropogenic factor contributing to grassland degradation. These findings provide valuable scientific insights for the effective management and conservation of Xinjiang's grassland ecosystems.
Migrant money and political unrest: Remittances and support for protest in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: López García Ana Isabel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHow does receiving remittances from abroad influence support for protest participation in origin democracies? Drawing on survey data from Latin America and the Caribbean, a region where social discontent quickly escalates and takes disruptive forms, it is found that remittance recipients do not vary from non‐recipients in their support for peaceful and legal modes of protest. However, compared to non‐recipients, those receiving remittances are more approving of citizens collectively acting outside of formal mechanisms or institutions, thus justifying unlawful and disruptive protest behaviour. Statistical analysis additionally reveals that support for violent protests among recipients is linked to their dissatisfaction with political parties and politicians, especially when these actors rely on patronage and clientelist exchanges to sway voter turnout. The article adds to our understanding of how migrants and the resources they send back home influence the character of political participation in developing democracies.
To Touch or Not to Touch: The Role of Vocabulary and Object Exploration in Children's Attention to Shape
Authors: Lorenz Megan G. , Kucker Sarah C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTChildren's ability to identify relevant object features, such as shape, plays a key role in learning object names. However, successful attention to shape (shape bias) is dependent on other factors, including children's vocabulary size as well as opportunities for object exploration. The current study explored the combined impact of both vocabulary and object exploration on attention to shape and their cascading impact on retention of object labels. Here, 336 17‐to‐30‐month‐old children completed a Novel Noun Generalization (NNG) task and were tested on retention of exemplar name‐object pairings. Children in a pre‐familiarization condition physically explored objects before every trial; children in a no‐familiarization condition did not. Vocabulary (via MacArthur‐Bates Communicative Development Inventory) significantly predicted attention to shape, and higher rates of shape‐match exploration yielded a stronger shape bias. However, object exploration did not impact NNG performance or retention, and children struggled to retain word‐referent mappings. Though attention to shape is thought to support learning, exploratory analyses revealed that children's NNG performance did not predict retention. The results suggest that vocabulary significantly influences word learning processes but object exploration may not offer support. Future research should consider how task demands and other cognitive abilities impact word learning.
Effect of sub‐coercive degradation on the local piezoelectric properties in lead zirconate titanate ceramics
Authors: Qiao Huimin , Jones Jacob L. , Balke Nina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLead zirconate titanate (PZT) is a widely recognized piezoelectric ceramic exhibiting excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties over a wide range of temperature and frequency, making it desirable for applications such as capacitors, piezoelectric transducers, and actuators. Being subjected to repeated electrical loading in various applications, a progressive decrease in the functionality can happen, leading to device failure over time. Therefore, understanding degradation phenomena in all aspects is of importance to expand the lifespan of electronic devices. Despite of many studies focusing on the macroscopic properties of ferroelectrics related to degradation, such as switchable polarization, little is known about the change on local ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties and the domain structure induced by degradation. This paper reports the effect of sub‐coercive electrical cycling on local static and dynamic piezoelectric properties for PZT ceramic using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The piezoelectric properties are probed along the three sample directions (x, y, z) to gain comprehensive insights into the local domain orientation throughout the bulk PZT sample which is then compared with microscopically measured piezoelectric coefficients. The PFM results are analyzed with respect to changes in domain orientation (depolarization) as well as to reduction on piezoelectric material response (degradation) to identify the origin of the degradation behavior. Our results directly show a strong depolarization effect in the direction of the applied electric field because of sub‐coercive cycling although it leads to small or even no degradation in directions perpendicular to the applied electric field. However, the latter is associated with a notable change in dynamic polarization switching properties which are strongly tied to the local domain structure. Our study shows that the origin of the degradation can be identified by analyzing the statistical change of local piezoelectric properties.
How Old Is the Presence of the Canary Pine Forests in the Canary Islands?
Authors: Góis‐Marques C. A. , Martín‐González E. , Postigo‐Mijarra J. M. , Velasco‐Flores M. C. , Castillo Ruiz C. , Menezes de Sequeira M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe Neogene fossil record of Pinus canariensis C.Sm ex DC. suggests a wider past distribution in Europe, but due to extirpation by past climatic events, today this taxon is restricted to the Canary Islands. Remarkably, the putative oldest P. canariensis fossil for the Canary Islands, found in Gran Canaria is 13.3–13.0 Ma. This palaeobiogeographical information has been cited as proof of the deep‐time presence of conifers, the genus Pinus L., P. canariensis and the pine forest ecosystems in the Canary Islands, but also to justify the long‐term evolution of P. canariensis within an active insular volcanic environment. Here we present a re‐evaluation of the oldest Pinus fossil from the Canary Island.LocationGran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.TaxonPinus canariensis C.Sm ex DC.MethodsWe compiled a citation record for the mentions of the ‘bark fossil’ and conducted a review of the specimen. We compared it with extant P. canariensis and with pyroclasts.ResultsThe analysis of the specimen demonstrates that it lacks morphological or anatomical characters to identify as a bark or even as a plant fossil. The specimen is best interpreted as a lapilli‐sized tube pumice, highly altered by mineral deposition promoted by the percolating hydrothermal water.Main ConclusionsThe oldest reliable Pinus fossils from the Canary Islands are 3.9–3.1 Ma and ca. 9 to 10 Ma younger than previously claimed. When did Pinus arrive at the Canary Islands is unknown, but this biogeographical question can be approached via focused volcano‐stratigraphical and palaeobotanical research in this Archipelago.
Reconceptualizing E‐Logistics Service Quality (E‐LSQ) in Emerging Contexts: The Case of Crowdsourced Delivery
Authors: Ta Ha , Esper Terry L. , Hofer Adriana Rossiter , Sodero Annibal Camara 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTE‐logistics service quality (e‐LSQ) has been one of the primary constructs used in the logistics literature to capture customers' appraisals of delivery service performance in the business‐to‐consumer (B2C) context. While e‐LSQ comprises key operational aspects of delivery performance, we posit that it overlooks other elements that are now present in emerging delivery models, such as crowdsourced delivery (CD). In this study, we follow a middle‐range theory approach to capture the facets of delivery performance that are considered by customers in their assessments of e‐LSQ during CD encounters. Using a large dataset consisting of customers' reviews of their delivery service experiences with Amazon Prime Now prior to and post‐CD incorporation, we find that customers value a more nuanced operational dimension as well as relational and societal dimensions in their assessments of the delivery service. The findings of our qualitative analyses enrich the current understanding of customers' appraisals of delivery service encounters and lay the groundwork for reassessing e‐LSQ, particularly in light of emerging delivery models like CD in online retailing.
Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: Bowersox, Coyle, Heskett, and La Londe
Authors: Stock James R. , Ozkul Seckin , Hooker Robert 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTScholarly work within the supply chain management and logistics discipline has evolved substantially over the last several decades. Four giants of the field—Bowersox, Coyle, Heskett, and La Londe—left an indelible legacy worth exploring. The biographies and analysis of interviews conducted with each of these scholars illuminate the early beginnings of the field and its evolution and provide guidance for its future. By examining the collective perspectives of these founding figures, we gain a deeper, more personal understanding of the establishment and evolution of logistics as an academic discipline.
Energizing Research at the Intersection of Public Policy and Supply Chain Resilience: A Systematic Review and Guiding Framework
Authors: Hughes Molly M. , Croxton Keely L. , Knemeyer A. Michael 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAcademic scholars and US political leaders have called for a better understanding of the connection between public policy and supply chain resilience. In this structured literature review we analyze and synthesize literature published in high‐quality public policy and business journals at this intersection. We leverage existing frameworks in public policy and supply chain resilience to help analyze the relationships studied to date, resulting in a conceptual framework that elucidates the connections between public policy and resilience and leads to the development of a platform for future research inquiries. We encourage and provide guidance for future work in the space from both supply chain management and public policy scholars that can drive actionable results for policymakers, firm decision‐makers, and the welfare of society.
A Review of Network Evolution: Cross‐Disciplinary Views, Frameworks, Methodologies, and an Agenda for Future Supply Chain Research
Authors: Cha Junwoo , Wiedmer Robert , Kistler Justin T. , Paraskevas John‐Patrick , Tate Wendy L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article conducts an in‐depth review of the existing literature on network evolution, with an emphasis on understanding how supply chain networks change and evolve. This review has identified a total of 1148 articles in the area of network evolution, comprising 120 articles from business literature and 1028 articles from non‐business literature. Adopting a structured approach, we provide a roadmap for supply chain network evolution (SCNE) to systematically build a multidimensional understanding of SCNE and bridge the gap between theoretical underpinnings and research methods useful to investigate SCNE. We first broaden the scope to identify insights on dynamic network evolution from a wider array of disciplines. Next, we categorize the drivers of SCNE identified within the business literature into exogenous and endogenous factors. We then synthesize theoretical frameworks that lay the groundwork for future research directions proposed in the context of these frameworks. Finally, we outline contemporary methodologies for studying network evolution and evaluate their relevance and application to the supply chain management (SCM) field. Collectively, this roadmap paves the way for a deeper, interdisciplinary understanding of SCNE and outlines a future research agenda, providing a forward‐looking path for supply chain researchers to explore SCNE.
Psychoses in Pediatric‐Onset Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report and Systematic Review
Authors: Ellouz Emna , Ketata Imen , abbes Wafa , Gargouri Hend , Bader Sondes 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTProblemThe association of pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and psychosis remains rare and unclear in the literature. We aim to elucidate the association between POMS and psychosis across case reports.MethodsWe report a case of schizophrenia (SCZ) revealing POMS. We conducted a systematic review of case reports adhered to PRISMA 2020. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane for case reports describing psychoses in POMS cases.FindingsWe presented a 21‐year‐old male who developed psychotic symptoms at 16 and was diagnosed with SCZ at 18. Regarding the treatment‐resistant SCZ, neurological assessment led to POMS. The patient had a favorable outcome after POMS management. Moreover, our systematic review of nine cases revealed that most psychoses began before or concomitant to the POMS diagnosis, highlighting a delay in identifying POMS. SCZ and BP were the most common types of psychosis observed. We observed a predominance of males with a median age at psychosis onset was 15 years (12.5–16.5 years). Treatment‐resistant SCZ was noted in one study along aside with our case. All cases had a good evolution after POMS management.ConclusionOur study suggested a critical link between POMS and psychosis emphasizing the need for thorough evaluation, early diagnosis, and prompt management. This association highlights the importance of recognizing psychotic symptoms as potential indicators of POMS, particularly in males.