bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reappraising the microscopic anatomy of human testis: identification of telocyte networks in the peritubular and intertubular stromal space
Authors: Marini Mirca , Rosa Irene , Guasti Daniele , Gacci Mauro , Sgambati Eleonora , Ibba-Manneschi Lidia , Manetti Mirko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTelocytes are a recently described stromal cell type widely distributed in various organs including the female and male reproductive systems. This study was aimed to investigate for the first time the existence, distribution and characteristics of telocytes in normal human testis by an integrated morphological approach (immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy). We found that telocytes displaying typical long and moniliform prolongations and coexpressing CD34 and PDGFRα formed networks in the outer layer of peritubular tissue and around Leydig cells and vessels in the intertubular stroma. Testicular telocytes were immunophenotypically negative for CD31, c-kit/CD117 as well as α-SMA, thus making them clearly distinguishable from myoid cells/myofibroblasts located in the inner layer of peritubular tissue. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of cells ultrastructurally identifiable as telocytes (i.e. cells with telopodes alternating podomers and podoms) in the aforementioned locations. Intercellular contacts between neighboring telocytes and telopodes were observed throughout the testicular stromal compartment. Telopodes intimately surrounded and often established close contacts with peritubular myoid cells/myofibroblasts, Leydig cells and vessels. Extracellular vesicles were also frequently detected near telopodes. In summary, we demonstrated that telocytes are a previously neglected stromal component of human testis with potential implications in tissue homeostasis deserving further investigation.
CPP-Ts: a new intracellular calcium channel modulator and a promising tool for drug delivery in cancer cells
Authors: Oliveira-Mendes Bárbara Bruna Ribeiro de , Horta Carolina Campolina Rebello , do Carmo Anderson Oliveira , Biscoto Gabriela Lago , Sales-Medina Douglas Ferreira , Leal Hortênsia Gomes , Brandão-Dias Pedro Ferreira Pinto , Miranda Sued Eustáquio Mendes , Aguiar Carla Jeane , Cardoso Valbert Nascimento , de Barros André Luis Branco , Chávez-Olortégui Carlos , Leite M. Fátima , Kalapothakis Evanguedes 
Published: September 2018

AbstractScorpion sting envenoming impacts millions of people worldwide, with cardiac effects being one of the main causes of death on victims. Here we describe the first Ca2+ channel toxin present in Tityus serrulatus (Ts) venom, a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) named CPP-Ts. We show that CPP-Ts increases intracellular Ca2+ release through the activation of nuclear InsP3R of cardiomyocytes, thereby causing an increase in the contraction frequency of these cells. Besides proposing a novel subfamily of Ca2+ active toxins, we investigated its potential use as a drug delivery system targeting cancer cell nucleus using CPP-Ts’s nuclear-targeting property. To this end, we prepared a synthetic CPP-Ts sub peptide14–39 lacking pharmacological activity which was directed to the nucleus of specific cancer cell lines. This research identifies a novel subfamily of Ca2+ active toxins and provides new insights into biotechnological applications of animal venoms.
Longitudinal changes in physical capacity from adolescence to middle age in men and women
Authors: Westerståhl M. , Jansson E. , Barnekow-Bergkvist M. , Aasa U. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim was to investigate how physical capacity changes from adolescence through early adulthood to middle age with focus on early aging. The aim was also to study if physical capacity in middle age could be predicted by factors in adolescence or early adulthood. A cohort of men and women in Sweden (SPAF-1958, n = 425) have been followed for 36 years, at 16, 34, and 52 years of age. The study includes, among other variables, objective measures of physical capacity. At age 52, 50% of the original cohort participated in exercise testing. Physical capacity increased from 16 to 34 years. From 34 to 52 years, physical capacity decreased in both genders by 15–20% in all but one test. Physical capacity at 16 and 34 years of age were better predictors of physical capacity at age 52 than body dimensions, school grades and life style factors. In conclusion, present data confirm earlier cross-sectional studies regarding the decrease in aerobic capacity and muscular strength during the early ageing period in both genders. The study has also generated novel data that show a smaller decline in muscular endurance than previously reported. Finally, physical capacity is fairly stable from adolescence to middle age.
Effect of statins on experimental postoperative adhesion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Choi Geun Joo , Park Hee Kyung , Kim Dong Su , Lee Donghyun , Kang Hyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAdhesion is a significant concern after surgery. Many researchers studied the anti-adhesive effect of statin, of which results were inconsistent. Thus, we purposed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of statins on postoperative adhesion in an experimental study. A comprehensive search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar to identify animal studies that investigated the postoperative anti-adhesive effect of statins applied at the surgical area. Primary outcome measure was gross adhesion score. Secondary outcomes included microscopic adhesion score and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) activity. Totally, 298 rats from 9 animal studies (172 rats received statin therapy and 126 rats received placebo or no treatment) were included in the final analysis. The combined results showed that gross and microscopic adhesion scores were significantly lower in the statin group in comparison to the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 2.28, Pchi2 < 0.001, I2 = 77.9%; SMD = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.79, Pchi2 < 0.001, I2 = 84.5%, respectively). However, there was no evidence of a difference in t-PA activity (SMD = −3.43, 95% CI: −7.95 to 1.09, Pchi2 < 0.001, I2 = 95.5%). In conclusion, statins were effective in preventing postoperative adhesion, as assessed based on gross and microscopic adhesion scores in rats.
Influence of ylHog1 MAPK kinase on Yarrowia lipolytica stress response and erythritol production
Authors: Rzechonek Dorota A. , Day Alison M. , Quinn Janet , Mirończuk Aleksandra M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractErythritol production is a unique response to hyperosmotic stress that is observed in a small group of yeasts, including Yarrowia lipolytica. This study investigated whether this unusual mechanism is regulated by the HOG pathway, well described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene YALI0E25135g was identified as the Y. lipolytica homologue of HOG1 and was found to be phosphorylated in response to hyperosmotic shock. Deletion of the gene caused a significant decrease in resistance to hyperosmotic stress and negatively affected erythritol production. Interestingly, the deletion strain yl-hog1Δ displayed significant morphological defects, with the cells growing in a filamentous form. Moreover, yl-hog1Δ cells were also resistant to the cell wall damaging agents Congo red and calcofluor white. Collectively, these results indicate that yl-Hog1 is crucial for the cellular response to hyperosmotic stress, plays a role in the induction of erythritol production, and potentially prevents cross-talk with different MAPK signalling pathways in the cell.
Evaluation of Hypoglycaemia with Non-Invasive Sensors in People with Type 1 Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycaemia
Authors: Elvebakk Ole , Tronstad Christian , Birkeland Kåre I. , Jenssen Trond G. , Bjørgaas Marit R. , Frøslie Kathrine F. , Godang Kristin , Kalvøy Håvard , Martinsen Ørjan G. , Gulseth Hanne L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPeople with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia (IAH) are prone to severe hypoglycaemia. Previous attempts to develop non-invasive hypoglycaemia alarm systems have shown promising results, but it is not known if such alarms can detect severe hypoglycaemia in people with IAH. We aimed to explore whether a combination of non-invasive sensors could reliably evaluate hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose (PG) minimum 2.5 mmol/L) in people with IAH. Twenty participants with type 1 diabetes and IAH underwent randomly ordered, single blinded hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemic clamps. Sweating, skin temperature, ECG, counterregulatory hormones and symptoms of hypoglycaemia were assessed. Overall, we were not able to detect clamp-induced hypoglycaemia with sufficient sensitivity and specificity for further clinical use. As a post-hoc analysis, we stratified participants according to their ability to identify hypoglycaemic symptoms during hypoglycaemic clamps. Five out of 20 participants could identify such symptoms. These participants had a significantly higher adrenaline response to hypoglycaemia (p < 0.001) and were reliably identified by sensors. Based on our observations, a non-invasive alarm system based on measurement of sweating responses and ECG changes during hypoglycaemia might provide an alert at a plasma glucose concentration around 2.5 mmol/L if an adequate sympatho-adrenal reaction is elicited.
Lorentz violation from gamma-ray burst neutrinos
Authors: Huang Yanqi , Ma Bo-Qiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Lorentz violation (LV) effect of ultra-relativistic particles can be tested by gamma-ray burst (GRB) neutrinos and photons. The IceCube Collaboration has observed plenty of ultra-high energy neutrinos, including four PeV scale neutrinos. Recent studies suggested a possible energy dependent speed variation of GRB neutrinos in a similar way to that of GRB photons. Here we find that all four PeV neutrinos with associated GRB candidates can satisfy a regularity found from TeV neutrinos about a linear form correlation between the observed time difference and the LV factor. Such regularity indicates a Lorentz violation scale ELV = (6.5 ± 0.4) × 1017 GeV, which is comparable with that determined by GRB photons. We also suggest that neutrinos and anti-neutrinos can be superluminal and subluminal respectively due to opposite signs of LV correction.
Segment-Anatomie: Akupunktur naturwissenschaftlich erklärt
Authors: Ots Thomas 
Published: September 2018

SummaryDie Segment-Anatomie stellt derzeit die wichtigste Sichtweise dar, die Akupunktur aus dem Bereich verbliebener Metaphern in die Welt naturwissenschaftlicher Erklärungen übersetzt. Mit ihr gelingt es, der Akupunktur eine weitgehend neurophysiologische Grundlage zu geben. Dies ist von besonderer Bedeutung für die Anlage von kotrollierten Studien mit einem Sham-Arm, einer mutmaßlichen Schein-Akupunktur. Hier wurden in der Vergangenheit und werden immer noch viele Fehler gemacht: Je mehr Akupunkturpunkte des Sham-Arms in identischen Dermatomen zum Verum-Arm gestochen werden, desto ähnlicher sind die Ergebnisse. Und: desto mehr wird die Akupunktur in die Nähe von „Placebo“ gerückt.
Refresher: Die segmentale Zuordnung im Mikrosystem der Ohrmuschel
Authors: Riehl Gerhard 
Published: September 2018

SummaryDer französische Arzt Dr. Paul Nogiererkannte als Erster, dass sich Störungen des Körpers im Ohr abbilden lassen. Diese können diagnostisch und therapeutisch wirksam genutzt werden. Damit ist die Ohrakupunktur eine recht junge Therapieform, Nogier stellte sein Konzept 1957 vor.Der Refresher erläutert die segmentale Zuordnung sog. Repräsentationspunkte im „Mikrosystem Ohr“ und deren Verwendungsmöglichkeiten in Diagnose und Therapie.
Humoraltherapie und segmentale Reizverfahren
Authors: Rampp Thomas 
Published: September 2018

SummarySegmentierung ist ein Ordnungsprinzip und das älteste architektonische Gerüst der Evolution. Ein Segment ist definiert als das Versorgungsgebiet eines Spinalnerven in Haut, Muskulatur, Knochen und inneren Organen (Dermatom, Myotom, Sklerotom, Enterotom u.a.) und bildet die Basis der Wechselbeziehungen zwischen Körperoberfläche und Körperinnerem.Viele traditionelle Heilmethoden nutzen diese Wechselwirkungen zwischen Körperoberfläche und inneren Organen, um bei Störungen innerer Organe Reize an der Haut zu setzen und dadurch über die segmentale Verbindung erkrankte Anteile heilend zu beeinflussen.Der vorliegende Artikel stellt die wichtigsten segmentalen Reizverfahren vor.
Assessment of Barrett’s esophagus and dysplasia with ultrahigh-speed volumetric en face and cross-sectional optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ahsen Osman , Liang Kaicheng , Lee Hsiang-Chieh , Giacomelli Michael , Wang Zhao , Potsaid Benjamin , Figueiredo Marisa , Huang Qin , Jayaraman Vijaysekhar , Fujimoto James , Mashimo Hiroshi 
Published: September 2018

Background This study aimed to evaluate the use of ultrahigh-speed volumetric en face and cross-sectional optical coherence tomography (OCT) with micromotor catheters for the in vivo assessment of Barrett’s esophagus and dysplasia.
Methods 74 OCT datasets with correlated biopsy/endoscopic mucosal resection histology (49 nondysplastic Barrett’s esophagus [NDBE], 25 neoplasia) were obtained from 14 patients with Barrett’s esophagus and a history of dysplasia and 30 with NDBE. The associations between irregular mucosal patterns on en face OCT, absence of mucosal layering, surface signal > subsurface, and > 5 atypical glands on cross-sectional OCT vs. histology and treatment history were assessed by three blinded readers.
Results Atypical glands under irregular mucosal patterns occurred in 75 % of neoplasia (96 % of treatment-naïve neoplasia) vs. 30 % of NDBE datasets (43 % of short- and 18 % of long-segment NDBE). Mucosal layering was absent in 35 % of neoplasia and 50 % of NDBE datasets, and surface signal > subsurface occurred in 29 % of neoplasia and 30 % of NDBE datasets.
Conclusions Atypical glands under irregular mucosal patterns are strongly associated with neoplasia, suggesting potential markers for dysplasia and a role in pathogenesis.
Cognitive and Functional Outcomes of Early Versus Delayed Cranioplasty after Decompressive Craniectomy
Authors: Kumar Arun , Nayak Biswaranjan , B. H Krishnamurthy , Patro Sushant , C. R Abhijeet , Singh Balwant , Nayak Himanshu , Shukla Dhanwantari , Biswal Debabrat , Sahoo Prafulla 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Introduction Delay in doing cranioplasty (CP) after decompressive craniectomy (DC) may cause motor, cognitive, and language deficits. Studies show doing CP before developing such symptoms helps in improving the outcome. CP improves cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and cerebral blood flow, which may lead to better cognitive and functional outcome.
Objective The aim of the study was to assess cognitive and functional outcomes of early versus delayed cranioplasty (DCP) after DC.
Methodology This was a prospective observational study on 42 patients aged over 16 years and up to 70 years, who had undergone CP after DC for severe traumatic brain injury in in-patient and outpatient department of neurosurgery at a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India from the period of March 01, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Cognitive and functional outcomes were compared in early and DCP groups in preoperative and follow-up period at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Early cranioplasty (ECP) was within 2 months, and DCP was beyond 2 months.
Results Total sample size under this study was 42; 21 in ECP and 21 in DCP group. Mean age was 41.40 ± 15.95 years. The age distribution was quite young with 38.1% in 30 to 49 age group and had very high proportion of males (85.7%). This analysis revealed that both the ECP and DCP groups have resulted in significant improvement in mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE) score after CP. But in the ECP group, there has been steady and significant improvement in MMSE and GOSE score at different follow-ups starting from postoperative 1 month in MMSE score and from 3 months up to 6 months in GOSE score.
Conclusion Neurosurgeon should evaluate and carefully monitor each individual case and take up CP as early as possible with suitable indication.
Postoperative Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures Using Sensorimotor Rehabilitation
Authors: Harel Hani , Lavi Idit , Allon Raviv , Michael Dafna , Wollstein Ronit 
Published: September 2018

Background Sensorimotor and specifically proprioception sense has been used in rehabilitation to treat neurological and joint injuries. These feedback loops are not well understood or implemented in wrist treatment. We observed a temporary sensorimotor loss, following distal radius fractures (DRF) that should be addressed postsurgery.
Purpose The purpose of this prospective therapeutic study was to compare the outcomes of patients following surgery for DRF treated using a sensorimotor treatment protocol with those patients treated according to the postoperative standard of care.
Patients and Methods Patients following surgery for DRF sent for hand therapy were eligible for the study. Both the evaluation and treatment protocols included a comprehensive sensorimotor panel. Patients were randomized into standard and standard plus sensorimotor postoperative therapy and were evaluated a few days following surgery, at 6 weeks, and 3 months postsurgery.
Results Sixty patients following surgery were randomized into the two treatment regimens. The initial evaluation was similar for both groups and both demonstrated significant sensorimotor deficits, following surgery for DRF. There was documented sensorimotor and functional improvement in both groups with treatment. The clinical results were better in the group treated with the sensorimotor-proprioception protocol mostly in the wrist; however, not all of the differences were significant.
Conclusion Patients after surgery for DRF demonstrate significant sensorimotor deficits which may improve faster when utilizing a comprehensive sensorimotor treatment protocol. However, we did not demonstrate efficacy of the protocol in treating proprioceptive deficits. Further study should include refinement of functional outcome evaluation, studying of the treatment protocol, and establishment of sensorimotor therapeutic guidelines for other conditions.
Level of Evidence This is a level II, therapeutic study.
Factors Affecting Operative Duration in Isolated Open Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Hinds Richard , Fiedler David , Capo John , Yang S. 
Published: September 2018

Background Open carpal tunnel release (CTR) is one of the most commonly performed operative procedures with operative duration being a primary metric of operating room efficiency. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with prolonged operative duration, in performing CTR.
Materials and Methods CTR cases performed by a single surgeon from September 2013 to October 2015 were reviewed. Patient age at the time of surgery, sex, location of surgery (specialty orthopaedic hospital versus ambulatory surgery center), body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, total operative duration (TOD), and procedure time (PT) were recorded. Obesity was defined as BMI > 30 and morbid obesity was defined as BMI > 35. Data were analyzed to identify factors associated with prolonged TOD or PT.
Results One hundred and nine consecutive patients underwent isolated CTR. Mean age at time of surgery was 62 years (range: 24–92 years). Nonobese patients were found to have significantly shorter TOD than obese patients (22.3 vs. 24.4 minutes). Similarly, patients who were not morbidly obese had significantly shorter TOD than morbidly obese patients (22.6 vs. 26 minutes). No other factors were associated with prolonged TOD. No difference in PT was found between normal weight, obese, and morbidly obese groups.
Conclusions TOD, but not procedure time, is significantly affected by obesity. Our findings are relevant when scheduling and preparing obese patients for surgery, which may have a significant impact on health resource utilization.
Level of Evidence This is a Level III, economic/decision analysis study.
New Trends in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of National Surveys of the Last 5 Years
Authors: Grassi Alberto , Carulli Christian , Innocenti Matteo , Mosca Massimiliano , Zaffagnini Stefano , Bait Corrado ,   SIGASCOT Arthroscopy Committee
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze national surveys of orthopaedic surgeons on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction to determine their preferences related to the preferred graft, femoral tunnel positioning, fixation and tensioning methods, antibiotic and anti-thromboembolic prophylaxis, and use of tourniquet and drains. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was performed. Inclusion criteria were surveys of ACL reconstruction trends and preferences published in the past 5 years (2011–2016), involving members of national societies of orthopaedics. Information regarding survey modalities, population surveyed, graft choice both in the general or in the athletic population, surgical technique, fixation, use of antibiotic, tourniquet, drains, and anti-thromboembolic prophylaxis was extracted. Eight national surveys were included from Europe (three), North or Latin America (three), and Asia (two). Overall, 7,420 questionnaires were sent, and 1,495 participants completed the survey (response rate ranging from 16 to 76.6%). All surveys reported the hamstring tendon (HT) autograft as the preferred graft, ranging from 45 to 89% of the surveyed population, followed by bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft (2–41%) and allograft (2–17%). Only two surveys focusing on graft choice in athletic population underlined how in high-demand sportive population the graft choices changes in favor of BPTB. Single-bundle reconstruction was the preferred surgical technique in the four surveys that investigated this issue. Five surveys were in favor of anteromedial (AM) portal and two in favor of trans-tibial technique. Suspension devices for femoral fixation were the preferred choice in all but one survey, while interference screws were the preferred method for tibial fixation. The two surveys that investigated graft tensioning were in favor of manual tensioning. The use of tourniquet, antibiotics, drains, and anti-thromboembolic prophylaxis were vaguely reported. A trend toward the preference of HT autograft was registered in all the surveys; however, sport participation has been highlighted as an important variable for increased use of BPTB. Single-bundle reconstruction with AM portal technique and suspension femoral fixation and screws fixation for the tibia seem the preferred solution. Other variables such as tensioning, antibiotic, anti-thromboembolic prophylaxis, tourniquet use, and drains were investigated scarcely among the surveys; therefore, no clear trends could be delineated. This is a Level V, systematic review of expert opinion study.
Axonal plasticity associated with perceptual learning in adult macaque primary visual cortex
Authors: van Kerkoerle Timo , Marik Sally A. , Meyer zum Alten Borgloh Stephan , Gilbert Charles D. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Perceptual learning is a form of memory involving improvement in the ability to detect or discriminate between sensory stimuli. Encoding learned information requires plasticity of cortical circuits. Physiological studies have suggested that even the earliest stages in sensory cortical processing show functional changes associated with perceptual improvements. Previously, we have shown experience-dependent change in cortical circuits associated with retinal lesions that can account for functional adaptation to CNS lesions. Here, we have studied whether these changes are also associated with normal visual experience, specifically with perceptual learning. We found that during the course of perceptual learning axon collaterals in primary visual cortex (V1) undergo sprouting and pruning, suggesting how V1 is engaged in encoding learned information.