bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of the German Eel Model to Key Inputs and Uncertainties
Authors: Radinger Johannes , DeWeber Tyrell , Simon Janek , Fladung Erik , Brämick Uwe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTInformed recovery of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) requires reliable information on stock dynamics and effects of management. No global European eel stock model is presently available, so demographic or extrapolation models are used to estimate eel production at local sub‐stock levels. Model inputs are often difficult to estimate and highly uncertain, which can affect accuracy of predictions. A sensitivity analysis was thus applied to the German Eel Model for the River Weser to evaluate how uncertainties in ten key input variables affected predicted eel escapement biomass. Uncertainty in the proportion of female eels and their age‐specific natural mortality, hydropower‐related mortality, and restocking had the largest influence on overall uncertainty. Conversely, uncertainty in eel predation by cormorants and age composition of immigrating male eels had small effects on outcome uncertainty. Based on expert judgment about the difficulty of parameter estimation, number of restocked eels, the proportion of females among outmigrants, and losses due to hydropower are the most feasible variables to address through monitoring. Better estimation of input variables and their uncertainties is crucial to improve eel stock assessment and management.
A core outcome set for prophylaxis and perioperative treatment of von Willebrand disease: The coreVWD initiative
Authors: Clearfield Elizabeth , Kim Benjamin , Ford Sarah , Connell Nathan T. , Santaella Maria E. , Lavin Michelle , Degenaar‐Dujardin Manon E. L. , Ayoub Emily , Flood Veronica H. , Rotellini Dawn , Skinner Mark W. , James Paula ,   the coreVWD Panel
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionTreatment options are expanding for von Willebrand disease (VWD). A core outcome set (COS)—a minimum set of agreed‐upon outcomes to be used in every clinical trial for a given condition—provides guidance on which outcomes are most important to measure to ensure necessary data is collected for a variety of stakeholders and enable comparison across products and trials.AimcoreVWD aimed to develop a COS for trials for prophylaxis and perioperative treatments for VWD.MethodsA modified Delphi consensus process was used to condense/prioritize a long list of potential outcomes. Over three Delphi rounds, a multi‐stakeholder panel (patients, clinicians, pharmaceutical company representatives, HTA organizations, payer, and government organization representatives) rated each outcome from 1 (not important to include in a COS) to 9 (essential to include). Outcomes were eliminated or retained based on pre‐determined criteria; a special provision to elevate patient priorities was included. An in‐person consensus meeting was held after Delphi round 2.ResultsThirty‐nine panellists participated. The final COS for prophylaxis treatment included 18 outcomes, seven of which are part of a special subset selected for women, girls and people with the potential to menstruate. There were 11 outcomes in the final perioperative branch COS. Six outcomes overlapped both COS.ConclusionsThe coreVWD COS represents a consensus list of outcomes for clinical trials for both factor and non‐factor VWD therapies. These outcomes will be useful across the lifecycle of a product, from clinical development through regulatory and market access phases and into patient‐provider decision‐making.
Anyone can cook, but only the fearless can be a great chef
Authors: Villablanca Eduardo J 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRole models play a crucial role in inspiring and guiding careers in science, offering tangible examples of success and resilience. Reflecting on my journey from a small town in southern Chile to leading a lab at Karolinska Institutet, I've learned that relatable role models are particularly impactful for overcoming imposter syndrome and fostering a sense of belonging in academia. Early in my career, I drew inspiration from peers and mentors, gradually building my confidence and embracing my strengths. Later, exposure to interdisciplinary role models expanded my horizons and shaped my approach to science. Now, as a PI, I see my role as both a coach and mentor, fostering a team dynamic that amplifies individual strengths. Success in science often stems from fearlessness, adaptability and a willingness to seize opportunities, even when the outcome is uncertain. My journey demonstrates that good scientists can come from anywhere, including a small town in southern Chile.
Understanding Why People Experiencing a Mental Health Crisis Leave the Emergency Department Before Care: A Qualitative Interpretive Study
Authors: Innes S. , Steel P. , Jack E. , Brann P. , Hope J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA number of people experiencing a mental health crisis who present to a hospital emergency department (ED) do not wait (DNW) for assessment or care and leave. This phenomenon is poorly understood and offers an opportunity to enhance quality of care. We sought to understand the characteristics and reasons of those who DNW for assessment or care, and what happens after leaving the ED. We used a semi‐structured telephone interview method with open‐ended and single choice responses. Participants were recruited from Eastern Health hospitals who had been referred from the ED for specialist mental health care. Respondents (N = 42) tended to be female adults in their 30s, accompanied by another person, and seeking short‐term relief and long‐term care for a mental health crisis. It became increasingly obvious over time to participants that the cost of waiting was outweighed by the benefit of leaving. A range of factors were identified that took them to this tipping point. Over half reported their condition as having improved and did not seek further care after leaving the ED. Respondents thought a comfortable ‘safe place’ and communication that conveyed respect and reduced uncertainty while waiting would reduce early leaving. There were challenges in engaging a DNW population. Nonetheless this study offers valuable insights into this phenomenon in an ED setting. Many of the expressed views for reducing DNW appear to be reasonable and achievable.
“My Body Changed a Lot After Taking Medication. I'm Trying to Hide It but…” A Qualitative Exploration of Body Image Experiences of Women Living With Schizophrenia
Authors: Şengün İnan Figen , Tuncer Gülsüm Zekiye , Çetinkaya Duman Zekiye 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough body image is one of the essential concepts that should be addressed in comprehensive care, the question of how body image affects women with schizophrenia remains unanswered. This study aimed to explore the body image experiences of women living with schizophrenia. This study employed a qualitative approach and participants were recruited from a community mental health center in Türkiye. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 18 women with schizophrenia. Data were analysed via content analysis. The data were categorised into five themes: (i) body image evaluation, (ii) factors affecting body image, (iii) effects of body image distortion, (iv) coping with body image challenges and (v) protective factors. Schizophrenia affects body functionality, appearance and the self. Women living with schizophrenia experience feelings of shame, sadness, worthlessness and anger related to their body appearance. Body image distortion leads to social distancing and treatment compliance problems. Mental health nurses should support patients to express their feelings and thoughts about the body and recognise their beliefs about ideal body image. Patients should be supported with psychoeducational interventions in the management of symptoms associated with body image disturbance such as weight gain, galactorrhea, sedation and hypersalivation.
Similar, but Not the Same: Time and Mode of Climatic Niche Evolution in a Highly Endemic Lineage
Authors: Padilha Patricia , Brum Fernanda Thiesen , Mello‐Silva Renato , Sacramento Isaac , Alcantara Suzana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimPlant lineages are disproportionally diverse in areas characterised by specific climatic regimes. The campos rupestres habitats in the mountains of Eastern/Central Brazil, for instance, display huge plant endemism and high precipitation seasonality. The genus Vellozia is an emblematic group in there, with most species being endemic and few occurring disjunctively across mountain outcrops of the Neotropics. We aim to test the climate conservatism in the genus, as suggested by its high levels of endemism.LocationNeotropic.TaxonGenus Vellozia (Velloziaceae, monocots).MethodsWe combined MAXENT ecological niche models (ENM) and phylogenetic comparative analyses. Niche overlap between species was estimated based on the environmental similarity and the spatial overlap projected by the ENM. We also traced the climatic niche in the environmental space to describe how its divergence accumulated through time.ResultsWe found varying levels, from 16% to 100%, of species pairs displaying niche overlap across distinct lineages of the genus. When niches overlap, they are more similar than expected by chance and not due to habitat availability, suggesting habitat selection. Niche similarity estimates in both ecological and geographical space did not exhibit conserved phylogenetic signals. There was an expressive disparification in the climatic niches in the last 5 m.y., decoupled from the earlier peaks of lineages diversification.Main ConclusionsContrary to the expected, we found labile and fast evolution of climatic niches, implying that endemisms do not result from climate niche conservatism in Vellozia. The most diverse clade of Vellozia occupies cooler and wetter environments than the ancestral and other extant lineages of the genus. This pattern contrasts with the historical climatic turnover, for example, cooling‐arid vs. warming‐wet periods, established since the Pliocene glacial cycles. Moreover, it also poses additional challenges for this lineage and its associated habitats in the face of the current climate change.
Impact of Mediterranean Diet Adherence on the Incidence of New‐Onset Hypertension in Adults With Obesity in Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Jung‐Hwan , Lee Ji‐Won , Lee Yaeji , Nam Chung‐Mo , Kwon Yu‐Jin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and new‐onset hypertension (HTN) in a cohort of community‐dwelling, middle‐aged, older Korean individuals with obesity. We used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a population‐based prospective cohort study. The Korean version of the MD Adherence Screener was used to evaluate compliance with the MD. The primary endpoint was the incidence of new‐onset HTN. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval for HTN incidence with increasing MD adherence. Data from 1995 participants with obesity without HTN at baseline were analyzed. After adjusting for confounders, participants with moderate (Group 2) and high adherence (Group 3) to the MD had HRs for new‐onset HTN of 0.72 (0.57–0.90) and 0.73 (0.56–0.95), respectively, compared with those with low adherence (Group 1). Sex and age differences were associated with MD adherence and HTN incidence. The association between MD adherence and HTN incidence was only significant in males and in participants aged 40–64 years. There was no significant association between MD adherence and new‐onset HTN in females or those aged ≥ 65 years. In conclusion, this study found a significant association between adherence to the MD and a reduction in new‐onset HTN in Korean adults with obesity. Considering its value and sustainability, the adoption of the MD may contribute to the prevention of new‐onset HTN in populations with obesity.
Does sleep quality mediate the association between post‐traumatic stress disorder symptom severity and pain interference in trauma‐affected refugees?
Authors: Friis Joakim , Sandahl Hinuga , Mortensen Erik Lykke , Svendsen Kristina Bacher , Jennum Poul , Carlsson Jessica 
Published: November 2024

SummaryPoor sleep quality is well recognised in both post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and pain conditions. Comorbid chronic pain is prevalent in populations with PTSD and is believed to maintain symptoms of PTSD and increase the complexity of the condition. Ongoing diminished sleep quality may serve to maintain pain and PTSD symptoms, and thus affect the efficacy of first‐line PTSD treatment. This study examined the mechanisms underlying the PTSD–pain relationship over time by investigating if perceived sleep quality mediates the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and levels of pain interference. Furthermore, we considered whether the interrelation between these three variables could in fact be linked in an alternative model where the causality was reversed, with pain interference mediating the relation between PTSD severity and perceived sleep quality. Relationships among our variables were assessed within a path analysis framework, conducted and controlled for covariates using structural equation modelling and mediation analysis. The analysis of our hypothesised model revealed that improvement in perceived sleep quality was a significant partial mediator of the association between reduction in PTSD severity and pain interference. Approximately 28% of the effect of PTSD severity on pain interference was mediated by improvement in perceived sleep quality. Evaluation of our alternative model revealed a non‐significant mediation effect. Sleep thus represents a modifiable mechanism that contributes to the mutual maintenance of PTSD and pain. The study is the first to investigate these relationships in trauma‐affected refugees and thus contributes new knowledge and clinical implications for the treatment of poor sleep quality and pain symptomatology in trauma‐affected refugees.
Killer whale (Orcinus orca) occurrence in Icelandic waters revealed by passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Bellon Giulia , Selbmann Anna , Wensveen Paul , Rasmussen Marianne , Laute Amelie , Mouy Xavier , Samarra Filipa I. P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe distribution and occurrence of killer whales around Iceland are primarily studied in coastal herring grounds, with limited knowledge beyond these areas. This study employed opportunistic passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data from four regions across Icelandic inshore and offshore waters to investigate killer whale distribution between 2018 and 2023. An automatic detector‐and‐classifier algorithm identified killer whale burst‐pulsed calls, manually confirmed by human observers. Killer whale calls were detected on a total of 59 of 3075 recording days over a broader geographic area than previously documented. Detections were spread throughout the years, and in some cases, potential feeding behavior could be inferred. In the south of Iceland, killer whales were detected throughout the winter period; their presence outside of the summer months was previously undocumented. In the west, daily occurrences differed between two locations, which may be linked to the distribution of herring. In the east and northeast, killer whales were detected in the summer months, aligning with the abundance of herring in these regions. This study highlights the importance of PAM for year‐round monitoring of killer whale occurrence in the North Atlantic and contributes to our understanding of how they may respond to potential changes in prey dynamics.
Chinese young adults' emotion regulation and conflict resolution response profiles, and their associations with perceived partner responsiveness and romantic relationship satisfaction
Authors: Zhang Lu Ran , Chen Wei‐Wen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInterpersonal conflicts are common in romantic relationships. How to respond and cope with conflicts impacts the romantic relationship process and outcomes. This study examined the heterogeneity of Chinese youth's cognitive emotion regulation (CER) strategies and conflict resolution responses, as well as their collective influence on individuals' perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) and relationship satisfaction. We recruited 300 Chinese youth who were currently involved in romantic relationships to complete self‐reported measures of CER (reappraisal and suppression), conflict resolution responses in romantic relationships (exit, voice, neglect, and loyalty), PPR, and relationship satisfaction. We used latent profile analysis (LPA) to classify the combined effects of CER and conflict resolution responses, identifying four profiles: releasing, gentle, proactive, and inhibiting. Proactive communicators have significantly higher levels of relationship satisfaction compared to the other three groups and significantly higher levels of PPR compared to individuals in releasing and inhibiting profiles. Individuals in releasing and gentle profiles have significantly higher relationship satisfaction and PPR than individuals in the inhibiting profile. This study uncovered the possible associations between Chinese young adults' emotion regulation and conflict response profiles and romantic relationship process and outcome by adopting the person‐centered approach. We further discussed the practical implications of the findings.
Modeling of Frictional Interbristle Contact in Brush Seals With Shaft Radial Movements
Authors: Phan H. M. , Pekris M. J. , Chew J. W. , Greenslade T. J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Brush seals are utilized in turbines to minimize leakage flows and enhance thermal efficiency. Their widespread use faces challenges like pressure-stiffening and hysteresis, leading to unpredictable performance. This work introduces an advanced numerical model to simulate interbristle frictional contact, shaft and backing ring interaction, and three-dimensional (3D) bristle bending. The model is adopted to investigate multibristle brush seal's behavior under shaft radial movements and pressure loading. Backing ring friction emerges as a vital factor in hysteresis modeling, lessening the impact of shaft friction. When the shaft retracts, modeling the bristle tip clearance becomes important. The clearance greatly increases leakage flowrate and changes bristles' aerodynamic loading distribution. With clearance, the normal force on upstream bristles rises markedly, opposing bristle hang-up, while the axial force decreases in downstream bristles, alleviating the bristle pack compression. Considering these factors, an improved model for pressurized seals in the shaft retraction phase is developed and compared to experimental data in the literature. Frictional interbristle contact significantly modifies the distribution of local tip force through the pack. These effects would influence localized wear and heat generation across the brush seal pack, shedding light on the uneven wear patterns often observed in experiments. The present high-fidelity model can capture these complex interactions, offering a means to deepen our understanding of the physical mechanisms underpinning novel brush seal designs.
Review of Canadian Experience With the Fabrication of Thoria-Based Fuels for Advanced Reactors and Fuel Cycles for Long-Term Nuclear Energy Sustainability and Security
Authors: Cota-Sanchez Germán , Spencer Madalena S. , Leeder Kristin , Dimayuga Ike , Bromley Blair P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Advanced fuels and fuel cycles are important for the current and next generation of advanced reactors, small modular reactors, and microreactors, in order to maximize the utilization of fissile and fertile nuclear fuel resources, and also to minimize the mass and volume of radioactive waste to be placed into long-term storage. Thorium-based fuels are a potentially attractive option for both advanced fuels and fuel cycles, since neutron irradiation will lead to the conversion of fertile 232Th to fissile 233U. Thus, thorium-based fuels can be used to augment and extend uranium resources. Through work done at Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Canada has gained extensive experience over more than 50 years of how to fabricate thorium-based fuels. This paper provides an overview of Canada's experience in the fabrication of thorium-based fuels (mainly ThO2, (Th,U)O2, and (Th,Pu)O2) at CNL at its Chalk River Laboratories (CRL). Thoria (ThO2) fuel pellet fabrication uses processes and equipment similar to that of uranium dioxide (UO2) fuel pellet fabrication. However, since thorium lacks a fissile isotope, most ThO2 pellet fabrication processes must include a step to add a fissile component, such as enriched UO2, plutonium dioxide (PuO2), or U-233 in the form of 233UO2. Along with a review of the fuel fabrication effort that has taken place at CNL, the potential impact that CNL's extensive experience with thoria fabrication could have on the future Canadian nuclear energy landscape is also discussed.
Modeling and Control of Cable-Driven Exoskeleton for Arm Rehabilitation
Authors: Zhu Lihong , Cui Can , Zhang Dong , Tan Jiamin , Xu Changxing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Exoskeleton robotics is a key technology in the field of physical rehabilitation, and the main research direction is to precisely control the exoskeleton structure with improved dexterity. Bowden-cables are uniquely structured for power transmission in lightweight wearable exoskeletons, but precisely controlling the exoskeleton system is challenging when considering their inherent limitations such as friction and hysteresis. This paper proposes a compact wearable exoskeleton with Bowden-cable designed for the purpose of rehabilitating the elbow and forearm. First, we optimize the performance of the Bowden-cable transmission by incorporating redirection pulleys, while a mathematical model is developed to describe the Bowden-cable and pulley system (BCPS). Afterwards, guided by the principle of ergonomic concept, the mechanism design and size calculation of the exoskeleton are conducted. Moreover, an optimized sliding mode control strategy was implemented to control the exoskeleton, and the efficacy of the designed controller was assessed through trajectory tracking experiments simulating “eating” movements. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for elbow and forearm angle tracking are 0.84 deg and 1.13 deg, respectively, indicating that the designed exoskeleton is suitable for arm rehabilitation training.