bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the new soil erosion map of Hungary—A semiquantitative approach
Authors: Waltner István , Pásztor László , Centeri Csaba , Takács Katalin , Pirkó Béla , Koós Sándor , László Péter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSoil erosion by water is one of the most significant forms of soil degradation globally, especially in Europe. A new soil erosion risk map of Hungary has been compiled and published recently, using the combined outputs of the Universal Soil Loss Equation and Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment models. Our study aimed at providing evaluation of the map by using semiquantitative validation data obtained from the Hungarian Soil Degradation Subsystem of the National Environmental Information System. The Soil Degradation Subsystem database contained information at farm level as well as indicators based on laboratory data for 5‐ha representative plots. On the basis of the semiquantitative analysis, the map results align well with the farm‐based degradation data and provide viable information not only at the regional scale but also at the farm scale. However, indicators from representative plots did not support model results, indicating possible conflict between farm‐ and plot‐level data. Cross‐comparison of these indicators showed only limited correlation between farm‐ and plot‐level indicators.
Low Density, Thermally Stable, and Intrinsic Flame Retardant Poly(bis(benzimidazo)Benzophenanthroline‐dione) Sponge
Authors: Zhu Jian , Jiang Shaohua , Hou Haoqing , Agarwal Seema , Greiner Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLow density (≤13.9 mg cm−3), compressible poly(bis(benzimidazo)benzophenanthroline‐dione) (BBB) sponges with high temperature resistance are reported. The processing of BBB is limited due to its insolubility in organic solvents and infusibility. Therefore, the sponges are made in two steps: first, the BBB fibers are prepared by electrospinning the starting monomers with a template polymer followed by polycondensation of monomers on solid fibers at high temperature. In the second step, the BBB fibers are mechanically cut and self‐assembled from a dispersion during freeze‐drying. The use of poly(vinyl alcohol) is critical in getting self‐assembled hierarchically double‐pore‐structured, mechanically stable sponges. The sponges show very high pyrolytic stability, high compressibility (more than 92% recovery after 50% compression), very low thermal conductivity (0.028–0.038 W mK−1), and high oil absorption capacity.
Biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids part II
Authors: Shang Xiao‐Fei , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Yang Guan‐Zhou , Liu Ying‐Qian , Guo Xiao , Xu Xiao‐Shan , Goto Masuo , Li Jun‐Cai , Zhang Ji‐Yu , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo follow‐up on our prior Part I review, this Part II review summarizes and provides updated literature on novel quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids isolated during the period of 2009‒2016, together with the biological activity and the mechanisms of action of these classes of natural products. Over 200 molecules with a broad range of biological activities, including antitumor, antiparasitic and insecticidal, antibacterial and antifungal, cardioprotective, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti‐asthma, antitussive, and other activities, are discussed. This survey should provide new clues or possibilities for the discovery of new and better drugs from the original naturally occurring quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids.
Exact results for discrete dynamical systems on a pair of contours
Authors: Buslaev Alexander P. , Tatashev Alexander G. 
Published: February 2018

The study of discrete model of movement on a single contour, equivalent to CA 184 in terms of Wolfram cellular automata classification, was conducted in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In similar formulations of problems for contour networks, conflicts of movement take place in nodes. These problems have been poorly studied so far. However, they are very interesting for scientific and research applications relating to the flow theory (traffic, development of new materials, energy metabolism in the body). In this paper, results are obtained for the simplest contour network. This network is a pair of contours with common node. The supporter of the system consists of 2 contours with a common point (node). Particles move on their contour in accordance with rule 184 or 240 of Wolfram cellular automata. We consider the system with a common cell (simple node) or common point between 2 cells on each contour (alternating node). We have developed approaches to the study of two‐contour system such that these approaches can be used to the study of contour networks with more complex architecture. We have obtained the following criterion of that the system comes to the state of free movement (self‐organization). The criterion of self‐organization is inequality ρ1+ρ2≤1/2 in the case of rule CA 184 and simple node and inequality ρ1+ρ2≤1 in the case of rule CA 240 and alternating node. In the general case, presence of self‐organization depends on the initial state of the system. Velocities of particles have been found for different rules of movement. Prospects of future research and possible application are outlined.
Locally acting ACE‐083 increases muscle volume in healthy volunteers
Authors: Glasser Chad E. , Gartner Michael R. , Wilson Dawn , Miller Barry , Sherman Matthew L. , Attie Kenneth M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: ACE‐083 is a locally acting follistatin‐based therapeutic that binds myostatin and other muscle regulators and has been shown to increase muscle mass and force in neuromuscular disease mouse models. This first‐in‐human study examined these effects. Methods: In this phase 1, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging study in healthy postmenopausal women, ACE‐083 (50–200 mg) or placebo was administered unilaterally into rectus femoris (RF) or tibialis anterior (TA) muscles as 1 or 2 doses 3 weeks apart. Results: Fifty‐eight postmenopausal women were enrolled, 42 ACE‐083 and 16 placebo. No serious adverse events (AE), dose‐limiting toxicities, or discontinuations resulting from AEs occurred. Maximum (mean ± SD) increases in RF and TA muscle volume were 14.5% ± 4.5% and 8.9% ± 4.7%, respectively. No significant changes in mean muscle strength were observed. Discussion: ACE‐083 was well tolerated and resulted in significant targeted muscle growth. ACE‐083 may have the potential to increase muscle mass in a wide range of neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve 57: 921–926, 2018
Testing the evidence integration triangle for implementation of interventions to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia: Protocol for a pragmatic trial
Authors: Resnick Barbara , Kolanowski Ann , Van Haitsma Kimberly , Galik Elizabeth , Boltz Marie , Ellis Jeanette , Behrens Liza , Flanagan Nina M. , Eshraghi Karen J. , Zhu Shijun 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) include aggression, agitation, resistiveness to care, depression, anxiety, apathy, and hallucinations. BPSD are common in nursing home residents and can be ameliorated using person‐centered approaches. Despite regulatory requirements, less than 2% of nursing homes consistently implement person‐centered behavioral approaches. In a National Institute of Nursing Research‐funded research protocol, we are implementing a pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial designed to enable staff in nursing homes to reduce BPSD using behavioral approaches while optimizing function, preventing adverse events, and improving quality of life of residents. The implementation is based on use of the Evidence Integration Triangle (EIT), a parsimonious, community‐engaged participatory framework that is well suited to the complexity and variability in the nursing home environment. A total of 50 nursing home communities will be randomized to EIT‐4‐BPSD or education only. Primary Aim 1 is to determine if communities exposed to EIT‐4‐BPSD demonstrate evidence of implementation evaluated by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE‐AIM) criteria. Primary Aim 2 is to evaluate the feasibility, utility, and cost of the EIT approach in EIT‐4‐BPSD communities.
Delineation of human prostate cancer evolution identifies chromothripsis as a polyclonal event and FKBP4 as a potential driver of castration resistance
Authors: Federer‐Gsponer Joël R , Quintavalle Cristina , Müller David C , Dietsche Tanja , Perrina Valeria , Lorber Thomas , Juskevicius Darius , Lenkiewicz Elisabeth , Zellweger Tobias , Gasser Thomas , Barrett Michael T , Rentsch Cyrill A , Bubendorf Lukas , Ruiz Christian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the evolutionary mechanisms and genomic events leading to castration‐resistant (CR) prostate cancer (PC) is key to improve the outcome of this otherwise deadly disease. Here, we delineated the tumour history of seven patients progressing to castration resistance by analysing matched prostate cancer tissues before and after castration. We performed genomic profiling of DNA content‐based flow‐sorted populations in order to define the different evolutionary patterns. In one patient, we discovered that a catastrophic genomic event, known as chromothripsis, resulted in multiple CRPC tumour populations with distinct, potentially advantageous copy number aberrations, including an amplification of FK506 binding protein 4 (FKBP4, also known as FKBP52), a protein enhancing the transcriptional activity of androgen receptor signalling. Analysis of FKBP4 protein expression in more than 500 prostate cancer samples revealed increased expression in CRPC in comparison to hormone‐naïve (HN) PC. Moreover, elevated FKBP4 expression was associated with poor survival of patients with HNPC. We propose FKBP4 amplification and overexpression as a selective advantage in the process of tumour evolution and as a potential mechanism associated with the development of CRPC. Furthermore, FKBP4 interaction with androgen receptor may provide a potential therapeutic target in PC. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating PID shunting in polycrystalline silicon modules via multiscale, multitechnique characterization
Authors: Harvey Steven P. , Moseley John , Norman Andrew , Stokes Adam , Gorman Brian , Hacke Peter , Johnston Steve , Al‐Jassim Mowafak 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe investigated the potential‐induced degradation (PID) shunting mechanism in multicrystalline‐silicon photovoltaic modules by using a multiscale, multitechnique characterization approach. Both field‐stressed modules and laboratory‐stressed mini modules were studied. We used photoluminescence, electroluminescence, and dark lock‐in thermography imaging to identify degraded areas at the module scale. Small samples were then removed from degraded areas, laser marked, and imaged by scanning electron microscopy. We used simultaneous electron‐beam induced current imaging and focused ion beam milling to mark around PID shunts for chemical analysis by time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry or to isolate individual shunt defects for transmission electron microscopy and atom‐probe tomography analysis. By spanning a range of 10 orders of magnitude in size, this approach enabled us to investigate the root‐cause mechanisms for PID shunting. We observed a direct correlation between recombination active shunts and sodium content. The sodium content in shunted areas peaks at the SiNX/Si interface and is consistently observed at a concentration of 0.1% to 2% in shunted areas. Analysis of samples subjected to PID recovery, either activated by electron beam or thermal effects only, reveals that recovery of isolated shunts correlates with diffusion of sodium out of the structural defects to the silicon surface. We observed the role of oxygen and chlorine in PID shunting and found that those species—although sometimes present in structural defects where PID shunting was observed—do not play a consistent role in PID shunting.
Efficacy, cost effectiveness, and sustainability of a pediatric high risk asthma clinic
Authors: Krupp Nadia L. , Weist Andrea , Fiscus Cindy D. , Slaven James , Harner Andrew , Montgomery Gregory S. , Howenstine Michelle S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimAt our institution, a pediatric High Risk Asthma clinic has been in operation for over 15 years, targeting children with poorly controlled, and difficult to treat asthma. This study evaluates the outcomes and cost‐effectiveness of the High Risk Asthma clinic from 2000 through 2014.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on all patients entering High Risk Asthma clinic from 2000‐2014, and total hospitalizations and Emergency Department visits were tallied for the year prior to entering clinic and the year after. Costs incurred, and reimbursements obtained from payors were tallied to determine cost‐effectiveness and sustainability.ResultsConsistent decreases in hospitalizations (51.2% decrease, P < 0.001) and Emergency Department visits (23.0% decrease, P = 0.048) were seen for patients entering High Risk Asthma clinic, with commensurate significant decreases in related costs. Reimbursements received for outpatient services were sufficient to offset operational costs of the High Risk Asthma clinic, when both clinic visit, and pulmonary function testing charges were included.ConclusionsA pediatric High Risk Asthma clinic model is efficacious in decreasing hospitalizations and Emergency Department visits for a difficult to treat population, and such a model can be cost‐effective and sustainable.
Treatment of severe bronchiolitis: A survey of Canadian pediatric intensivists
Authors: Bradshaw Matthew L. , Déragon Alexandre , Puligandla Pramod , Emeriaud Guillaume , Canakis Anne‐Marie , Fontela Patricia S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe management practices and the factors guiding admission and treatment decisions for viral bronchiolitis across Canadian pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingCanadian PICUs.SubjectsPediatric intensivists.Measurements and Main ResultsA survey using two case scenarios (non‐intubated vs intubated patients) was developed using focus groups and a literature review. We analyzed our results using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Our response rate was 55% (57/103). Regarding bronchiolitis management, 75% (42/56) of respondents would use inhaled therapies, with nebulized epinephrine (33/56, 59%) and salbutamol (20/56, 36%) being the most common. Antibiotic use within the first hour of admission to PICU almost doubled in frequency (36% vs 71%) in patients who required mechanical ventilation (p 0.0004). High flow nasal cannula (HFNC; 32/56, 57%) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP; 16/56, 29%) were the preferred modes of non‐invasive ventilation (NIV).ConclusionThe management of severe viral bronchiolitis is similar across Canadian PICUs. The use of NIV, inhaled treatments, and antibiotics is frequent, which differs from the recommendations made by published guidelines. Canadian pediatric intensivists use homogeneous PICU admission criteria based on patients’ characteristics and severity of the clinical picture. Clinical practice guidelines for children with viral bronchiolitis should address the management of patients with severe clinical disease.
"One‐Pot" Sample Processing Method for Proteome‐Wide Analysis of Microbial Cells and Spores
Authors: Swarge Bhagyashree Nandakishor , Roseboom Winfried , Zheng Linli , Abhyankar Wishwas R. , Brul Stanley , de Koster Chris G. , de Koning Leo J. 
Published: February 2018

PurposeBacterial endospores, the transmissible forms of pathogenic bacilli and clostridia, are heterogeneous multilayered structures composed of proteins. These proteins protect the spores against a variety of stresses, thus helping spore survival, and assist in germination, by interacting with the environment to form vegetative cells. Owing to the complexity, insolubility, and dynamic nature of spore proteins, it has been difficult to obtain their comprehensive protein profiles.Experimental designThe intact spores of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Peptoclostridium difficile and their vegetative counterparts were disrupted by bead beating in 6 m urea under reductive conditions. The heterogeneous mixture was then double digested with LysC and trypsin. Next, the peptide mixture was pre‐fractionated with zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZIC‐HILIC) followed by reverse‐phase LC‐FT‐MS analysis of the fractions.Results"One‐pot" method is a simple, robust method that yields identification of >1000 proteins with high confidence, across all spore layers from B. subtilis, B. cereus, and P. difficile.Conclusions and medical relevanceThis method can be employed for proteome‐wide analysis of non‐spore‐forming as well as spore‐forming pathogens. Analysis of spore protein profile will help to understand the sporulation and germination processes and to distinguish immunogenic protein markers.
Generational differences in translocal practices: Insights from rural–urban remittances in Vanuatu
Authors: Petrou Kirstie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough the translocal practices of first generation migrants have been relatively well researched, little is known about whether, and to what extent, their children—the second generation—engage in translocalism. Using the case study of remitting by Paamese rural–urban migrants living in Port Vila, Vanuatu, this paper compares translocal behaviours of first and second generation migrants and draws connections between the transnational and translocal scales. For Paamese, remitting provided visible evidence of incorporation into the translocal community and was considered something migrants “should” do. Beliefs about remitting were not related to migrant generation, and although remitting reliably was associated with social prestige, those who did not remit experienced feelings of guilt and shame. Participation in remitting was almost universal, and whereas first generation migrants remitted to a wider range of individuals, second generation migrants, who concentrated their remittances on close kin, remitted more frequently and reliably. Most remittances were sent to home villages, however a significant proportion were intra‐diasporic, with remittance destinations determined by the location of close family members. It is argued first, that migrant generation is not necessarily a reliable indicator of translocalism, and second, that where translocal behaviours such as remitting represent a strong social norm, it is unlikely that they will disappear with the second, or subsequent, generations.
Conformational study of C24 cyclic polyyne clusters
Authors: Jäntschi Lorentz , Bolboacă Sorana D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolyynes were first synthesized before the year 1900, and isolated and characterized after 2000. Cyclic polyynes are of particular interest since possess a high order of symmetry. Furthermore, some studies reported special mechanical properties of the condensed polyyne bulks. The optimal size of polyynes to form rings has been previously investigated and was found to be 24 with a stable cluster of crossing four C24 cyclic polyynes. We investigated in this study the conformation of clusters of polyynes (nC24) by the pattern previously identified to stabilize the cluster. Clusters of 4C24, 10C24, 22C24, 46C24, and 94C24 were designed and subjected to energy minimization. The main finding is the preservation of the symmetry for the nC24 cluster with the increase of its size. The study revealed that 4C24, 10C24, and 22C24 preserve a high symmetry and the calculations suggest an excellent increasing of the cluster stability with the increase of the number of polyyne rings. A 22C24 derived cluster namely 28C24 was found as the one likely to limit the growth of the polyyne clusters.
Multi‐modal imaging of long‐term recovery post‐stroke by positron emission tomography and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry
Authors: Henderson Fiona , Hart Philippa J. , Pradillo Jesus M. , Kassiou Michael , Christie Lidan , Williams Kaye J. , Boutin Herve , McMahon Adam 
Published: February 2018

RationaleStroke is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Understanding the recovery process post‐stroke is essential; however, longer‐term recovery studies are lacking.In vivopositron emission tomography (PET) can image biological recovery processes, but is limited by spatial resolution and its targeted nature. Untargeted mass spectrometry imaging offers high spatial resolution, providing an idealex vivotool for brain recovery imaging.MethodsMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to image a rat brain 48 h after ischaemic stroke to locate the infarcted regions of the brain. PET was carried out 3 months post‐stroke using the tracers [18F]DPA‐714 for TSPO and [18F]IAM6067 for sigma‐1 receptors to image neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, respectively. The rat brain was flash‐frozen immediately after PET scanning, and sectioned for matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) imaging.ResultsThree months post‐stroke, PET imaging shows minimal detection of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, indicating that the brain has stabilised. However, MALDI‐MS images reveal distinct differences in lipid distributions (e.g. phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin) between the scar and the healthy brain, suggesting that recovery processes are still in play. It is currently not known if the altered lipids in the scar will change on a longer time scale, or if they are stabilised products of the brain post‐stroke.ConclusionsThe data demonstrates the ability to combine MALD‐MS within vivoPET to image different aspects of stroke recovery.
Modulation of bone morphogenetic protein activity by melatonin in ovarian steroidogenesis
Authors: Otsuka Fumio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundMelatonin regulates circadian and seasonal rhythms and the activities of hormones and cytokines that are expressed in various tissues, including the ovary, in which melatonin receptors are expressed. In the ovary, follicular growth occurs as a result of complex interactions between pituitary gonadotropins and autocrine and paracrine factors, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that are expressed in the ovary.MethodsThe effects of melatonin and BMPs on steroidogenesis were examined by using the primary cultures of rat granulosa cells.Main findings (Results)It was shown that melatonin has antagonistic effects on BMP‐6 actions in the granulosa cells, suggesting that melatonin is likely to contribute to balancing the biological activity of endogenous BMPs that maintain progesterone production and luteinization in the growing follicles. Similar interactions between melatonin and BMP–smad signaling also were shown in the mechanism of controlling ovarian steroidogenesis by other ligands.ConclusionA new role of melatonin in the regulation of endocrine homeostasis in relation to BMP activity is introduced in this review.