bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
366 Effects of organic versus conventional diets on dystocia rates in Nubian dams
Authors: Soyland Matthew J , Panetta Isabella V , Armentrout-Shoaf Bailey , Rocco Christina , Williams Toree 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Organic products have been growing in popularity in the consumer market, often without evidence to support potential benefits. Many organic products promise better results than conventional products, yet research examining the use of organic products as a feedstuff in caprine diets is lacking. Additionally, the cost of organic feedstuff is much greater when compared to conventional. Reproductive success of an animal has a direct correlation with nutrition throughout pregnancy and could be impacted by organic products. Thus, potential benefits of increase of reproductive health could outweigh the initial cost of organic feedstuffs. The objective of the current study was to determine differences in dystocia occurrence between caprine dams fed conventional and organic feedstuffs in the last 6 wk of gestation. Eight gestating Nubian does (n = 4) ranging from 1 to 5 yr of age with initial BW between 45.4 and 68.5 kg were separated into two treatment groups based on BCS utilizing the American Dairy Goat Association’s BCS 1 to 5 scale. Treatment A was fed a conventional diet including 14% CP concentrate, mineral supplementation, and molasses. Treatment B was fed an equivalent USDA certified organic concentrate, mineral supplement and molasses. Dams were fed 0.907kg/d/45.4kg of BW of concentrate and mineral supplement at 0.012kg/d/45.4kg of BW in individual feeding stocks at 0630 and 1730 in the last 6 wk of gestation. All Dams were provided ad libitum to hay and water. During parturition, dystocia was defined as requiring obstetrical assistance at any point during kidding. Differences in dystocia rate between conventional and organic groups were analyzed by independent T-Test at P < 0.05. As expected, no differences were observed between organic and conventional treatment groups (p = 0.28). As a result, the increased priced of organic feedstuff was not justified for feeding over conventional products.
367 Organic versus conventional grain on placental factors in caprine
Authors: Armentrout-Shoaf Bailey , Panetta Isabella V , Soyland Matthew J , Williams Toree , Rocco Christina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Organic products are increasing in popularity due to consumer interest and animal products are no exception. Trends towards organic livestock diets have increased yet many questions exist regarding potential health benefits or negative increased cost from the organic product. Organic livestock diets could impact reproductive health yet research into organic feedstuffs is lacking. Previous research examined impacts of diet on placental factors and indicated nutrient transfer from dams to fetus. Impacts of organic practices on livestock reproduction has not been explored, as studies linking nutrition and reproductive abilities have been limited to conventional diets, despite increases in organic practices. The objective of the current study observed differences in placental factors between Nubian dams fed organic and conventional diets. Placental factors were defined as placental weight and cotyledon factors. Six (n = 3) pregnant Nubian dams were separated into an organic group and conventional group based on BW and BCS. The organic group was fed a certified organic concentrate and organic supplement, which had equivalent nutrients to conventional concentrate and supplement. Dams were fed 0.907kg/d/45.4kg of BW of concentrate and 0.012kg/d/45.4kg of BW in individual feeding stocks at 0630 and 1730 for the last six wks of gestation and three wks post-parturition. Upon expulsion of the placenta, the placenta was weighed, cotyledons were counted, and three cotyledons were measured for height, length, width, and volume. Differences in placental weight and cotyledon factors were analyzed by a two-tailed independent T-Test at P < 0.05. No differences were observed for any of the placental aspects (P = 0.486, 0.987, 0.997, 0.468, 0.448, and 0.809, respectively). Placental aspects, such as number and height, may have been influenced by the number of offspring each dam produced, but was not consistent between groups. Based upon the current study, increased cost of organic livestock production may not be justifiable for most goat producers.
371 Evaluation of parasite resistance in cattle treated with extended-release eprinomectin (LongRange)
Authors: Dawson Cody R , Volk Mareah J , Ireland Frank A , Trennepohl Keela M , McCann Joshua C , Shike Daniel W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective was to determine parasite resistance in cattle treated with extended-release eprinomectin (LongRange) from a herd with 3 years of prior eprinomectin use. Fall-born Angus x Simmental heifers (224 ± 22 d of age) were randomly assigned 1 of 3 treatments: LongRange (LR; n = 21), LongRange and Synanthic (COMBO; n = 21), or saline-treated control (CON; n = 21). At trial initiation, all heifers were administered treatments according to label instructions. All heifers grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue in groups (n = 3 per treatment) and supplemented daily modified wet distillers grain (0.91 kg as fed per heifer) and soybean hulls (0.91 kg as fed per heifer). Prior to trial initiation and monthly thereafter, BW, packed cell volume (PCV), and fecal egg counts (FEC) were determined. There was a treatment × date interaction (P = 0.001) for fecal eggs counts. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.53) in the FEC in May or June. In July and August, the LR and COMBO heifers had decreased (P < 0.01) FEC compared with CON. By September there were no differences (P = 0.84) in FEC. At d 28, there was no difference (P ≥ 0.44) in FEC reduction between LR (91% FEC reduction) and COMBO (98% FEC reduction). There was no treatment or treatment × date interaction (P ≥ 0.34) for PCV. There was a treatment × date interaction (P = 0.01) for BW. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.16) in BW during May, June, and July. In August the LR and COMBO heifers tended (P = 0.09) to have greater BW than CON. In September and October, the LR and COMBO heifers had a greater (P ≤ 0.01) BW than CON heifers. Parasite resistance to extended-release eprinomectin was not observed based on FEC reduction tests and similar BW of LR and COMBO heifers.
PSV-6 Assessment of lameness in gilts and barrows using gait score, force-plate, hoof hardness and hoof lesions
Authors: Wedekind Karen , LaMontagne Ashley , Foran Chelsie , Hampton Tom , Ren Ping , Chen Juxing , Vazquez-Anon Mercedes 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lameness in gilts and sows has an economic impact on pig production and is a major welfare concern. The objective of the present project was to evaluate and quantify lameness in pigs. The following methods were compared to visual gait scoring: force-plate, hoof hardness and hoof lesions. Eight barrows and seven gilts (114 ± 15 kg) were selected using visual gait scoring (0-4, 4 most severe). From this group there were 4-0’s, 4-1’s, 5-2’s, and 2-3’s. Factorial analyses, (site: front vs rear) and lameness score (0-3) and their interaction was used to evaluate effect of treatment. Consistent with published literature, rear legs were more affected by lameness than front legs (73% rear, 27% front). Only two categories for hoof lesions (white line lesion and heel erosion) were prevalent in this population. White line lesion severity increased with increasing lameness score and differed between site (P < 0.05). In contrast with literature, more white line lesions were prevalent in front vs rear. Hoof hardness was scored at 5 locations on the bottom of the hoof. At the toe tip only, there was a trend (P = 0.052) for hoof hardness to decrease with increasing lameness score, but no effect of site (P = 0.39) or interaction. Among force-plate measurements, there was a significant effect of lameness (P < 0.05) for maximum force, range (95th percentile-5th percentile), standard deviation of force, amplitude of weight-bearing (average of all positive peaks), amplitude of weight-removing (average of all negative peaks), but no significant effect observed for average force, weight shift (# of peaks/min) or contralateral ratio. On average, more weight was applied to front vs rear [30.4 vs 19.6%; (P < 0.05)]. Although further validation is warranted, these results indicate that these objective measures of lameness were sensitive enough to detect differences between lame vs non-lame pigs.
PSI-2 Impact of an extended-release dewormer on rumen VFAs and blood metabolites
Authors: Perkins Stephanie D , Rich Jerica J J , Northrop Emmalee J , Walker Julie A , Perry George A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The ratio of glucogenic to lipogenic acids in ruminal VFAs can have a direct impact on nutrient utilization. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of an extended-release injectable dewormer [LongRange® (eprinomectin)] to a traditional shorter-acting injectable dewormer [Ivomec® (doramectin)] on rumen VFA profiles and blood metabolites. Ruminally cannulated lactating cows (2yr of age) were randomly allotted to one of the two dewormers (n = 5/treatment) at the time of being moved to spring grazing (day of AI). Blood samples, rumen pH, and rumen fluid were collected prior to treatment on d 0, d 15, and approximately every 30d thereafter until d 137 and analyzed by analysis of repeated measures. Fecal samples were collected at the start, middle, and end of the study to determine parasite fecal egg count. At the initiation of the study only 3 animals had any detectable parasites by fecal egg count and at the middle of the study all animals treated with the traditional dewormer had detectable parasites. Animals treated with the extended-release dewormer had no detectable parasite load throughout the study. There was no effect of treatment or treatment by time on rumen pH (P = 0.64, 0.55) or circulating NEFA concentrations (P = 0.60, 0.65) but both changed over time (P ≤ 0.01). Circulating glucose concentrations were not affected by treatment (P = 0.71) or time (P = 0.15), but there was a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.03) with glucose concentrations increased on day 32 in the extended-release dewormer. Concentrations of rumen ammonia, total VFAs, acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate were not impacted by treatment (P > 0.20), but there was an effect of time (P = 0.10). In summary, controlling parasite load during a 5mo grazing season can improve nutrient utilization in cattle.
PSVII-7 Impact of USDA feeder cattle grade and hide color on sale price of West Virginia feeder cattle
Authors: Foglesong Danielle , Shaffer Kevin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Most cow/calf operations in West Virginia are small scale (<100 cows) and calves from multiple operations must be comingled to form marketable lots. Criteria used to establish sale lots are weight, hide color, and USDA feeder cattle grade (FCG). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of hide color and FCG on calf gross sale value (GSV). Results of graded feeder calf sales from fall 2016 (N = 16) and fall 2017 (N = 18) were analyzed totaling 23,859 calves marketed as 2,507 lots. Calves were stratified by sale weight: 136-181 kg (3WT), 182-226 kg (4WT), 227-271 kg (5WT), 272-317 kh (6WT), and 318-362 kg (7WT); hide color: black (BLK) or colored (NBLK), and FCG: LM1, LM2, and non-graded consignor group (CG). Data were analyzed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS with year and lot size (LS) as covariates. Although numerical differences in GSV existed in the 3WT, 5WT, and 6WT groups ($31.58, $15.00, $11.29/head greater for BLK calves, respectively), only 4WT BLK calves were valued significantly more ($577.22 vs $547.13, respectively; P < 0.01). No value difference was detected in 7WT calves based on hide color. With respect to FCG, no statistical difference was observed in GSV of 3WT and 6WT calves although LM1 3WT calves had a numerical value advantage of $27.73/head and $35.17/head over LM2 and CG calves, respectively, while LM1 6WT calves had a $30.05/head value advantage over LM2 6WT calves. In 4WT and 5WT classes, LM1 calves were valued higher than LM2 calves ($33.75 and $56.96/head, respectively; P < 0.01). Conversely, 7WT CG calves were valued higher than both LM1 ($888.68 vs $838.85/head, P = 0.08) and LM2 calves ($888.68 vs $799.25/head, P < 0.001). Across all weight classes, LM1 calves exhibited a numerical advantage of $37.62/head when compared to LM2 calves indicating optimum FCG is more valuable regardless of weight class. These data also indicate that hide color is less impactful on GSV as sale weight increases.
PSVII-8 Efficacy of corn dried distillers grains with solubles as a replacement for soybean meal in a Boer goat diet
Authors: Sorensen Rachel J , Stewart Savannah C , Jones Cassandra K , Crane Alison R , Nagaraja T G , Lattimer James M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Due to increased use of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) in animal feed and accessibility of ethanol plants in the Midwest, this study evaluated the effect of feeding DDGS in place of soybean meal (SBM) on the fecal microbiome of Boer goats. Twenty-four Boer goat kids (apx. 70 d of age; 28.21 ± 0.96 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment diets for 47 d. Treatments were 0% (0DDGS) and 100% (30DDGS) DDGS in place of SBM. Goats were placed in 8 pens (4 pens/treatment; 3 goats/pen) with ad libitum access to feed and water. Fecal pellets were collected on d 47 via rectal grab and stored at -80°C until microbiome sequencing was performed. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by MR DNA (MR DNA, Shallowater, TX) on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA). Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey’s test for pairwise comparisons. Genera impacted by DDGS inclusion with individual relative abundances greater than 1% included increased Ruminococcus (P = 0.01) and Methanobrevibacter (P = 0.009) and decreased Lachnoclostridium (P = 0.02). Ruminococcus and Methanobrevibacter most likely increased in 30DDGS due to greater amounts of soluble fiber passing through the rumen, thus being fermented in the hindgut. The overall percentage of the phyla Bacteroidetes (P = 0.36) and Firmicutes (P = 0.12) did not differ between treatments; however, Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes increased (P = 0.05) in the 30DDGS diet. Treatment did not impact β-diversity (P = 0.47) although species richness increased (P = 0.09) in DDGS-fed goats as more soluble fiber was available for fermentation in the hindgut. In all, results of this study found replacing SBM with DDGS did not greatly alter the fecal microbiome of Boer goats.
PSIII-13 Genetic parameters and the purebred–crossbred genetic correlation for growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in pigs
Authors: Esfandyari Hadi , Thekkoot Dinesh M , Kemp Robert A , Plastow Graham S , Dekkers Jack C M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Growth, meat quality, and carcass traits are of economic importance in swine breeding. Understanding their genetic basis in commercial crossbred pigs and purebred-crossbred genetic correlations are necessary for a successful breeding program. The objectives of this study were to 1) estimate genetic parameters for growth, meat quality and carcass traits in a purebred sire line and related commercial crossbred pigs and 2) estimate the corresponding genetic correlations between purebreds and crossbreds (rpc). We analyzed 115266, 10927 and 43057 purebred records for growth, meat quality (n = 4) and carcass traits (n = 7), respectively. For crossbreds, there were 2000 pigs with growth records, with 900 of them having meat quality and carcass data. A series of univariate and bivariate analyses were used to estimate genetic parameters and rpc. Growth showed moderate heritability (0.20 ± 0.10 to 0.25 ± 0.01) in both purebreds and crossbreds. Heritability estimates for meat quality traits ranged from 0.21 ± 0.03 to 0.42 ± 0.04 in purebreds and from 0.17 ± 0.14 to 0.47 ± 0.15 in crossbreds. Carcass traits had higher heritability estimates in purebreds compared to crossbreds, except for hot carcass weight (0.10 ± 0.02 vs. 0.24 ± 0.16). Genetic correlations among meat quality traits were variable in both populations, whereas genetic correlations among carcass traits were similar in purebreds and crossbreds. Estimates of rpc were high for growth (0.99 ± 0.5) and for meat quality traits (0.94 ± 0.39 to 0.99 ± 0.2), except for Minolta color (-0.48 ± 0.56). Carcass traits had moderate to high estimates of rpc (0.64 ± 0.4 to 0.92 ± 0.3). Carcass fat had a negative estimate of rpc (-0.1 ± 0.5). However, ultrasound fat as an indicator trait for carcass fat had a high positive estimate of rpc (0.88 ± 0.14). Our results indicate that selection in purebreds can be efficient to improve these traits in both purebreds and crossbreds but for some traits, genetic gain can be improved by applying combined crossbred and purebred selection. Funding provided by Genome Canada and the National Research Council.
PSIII-14 Performance differences between two groups of commercial pigs following experimental infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS) virus 1-7-4
Authors: Little Erin , Dunkelberger Jenelle , Hanson Dan , Eggert John , Gonda Michael , MacNeil Michael , Dee Scott 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) is the costliest swine disease of North America. Vaccines and management alone have not been effective at controlling this disease and genetic selection may be a complimentary approach to controlling PRRSv-infection. The objective of this study was to estimate performance differences between two groups of pigs from the same commercial line following infection with PRRSv 1-7-4: 1) pigs sired by boars selected based on a standard index (STD), which emphasizes feed efficiency and carcass quality; and 2) pigs sired by boars selected based on an experimental index (EXP), with emphasis on feed intake, piglet vitality, and robustness. Pigs (n~730 per group) were housed in a commercial research wean-to-finish barn. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were recorded from birth-to-slaughter. At weaning, pigs were placed in pens by group and balanced by sex. To facilitate collection of feed intake data, the experimental unit was pen, with 27 pens representing each group. Four weeks post-wean, all pigs were experimentally infected with 2mL of 1-7-4 PRRSv at 3.5 logs of TCID50 per mL. Statistical analyses were performed using a linear mixed model with group (STD or EXP) as a fixed effect and block as a random effect. No significant difference was detected between groups for wean-to-finish or 0 to 42 days post-infection (dpi) ADG. The ADFI was 0.06 kg/day greater for the EXP group than the STD group from 0 to 42 dpi (P = 0.01). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.03 (P = 0.03) less for the EXP group from wean-to-finish and 0 to 42 dpi, respectively. Pigs sired by boars selected using the experimental index showed no significant difference in ADG, but had greater ADFI post-challenge, while pigs sired by boars selected based on the standard index had significantly better FC.
PSIII-4 Preliminary exploration of relationship of automated sensor data with feed intake and efficiency in lactating dairy cattle
Authors: Siberski Cori J , Goetz Brady M , Baumgard Lance H , Koltes James E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Feed costs represent the greatest expense on a dairy farm, making feed efficiency an important trait to consider among production traits. Current tools to measure feed intake have limited application in commercial settings, due to affordability and lack of portability of technologies. Therefore, development of automated sensor-based indicator traits for feed intake could prove to be valuable. The objective of the current study was to determine if automated eartag data was associated with feed intake. Activity and inner ear temperature were collected every 19 minutes utilizing Quantified Ag eartags (n = 48 lactating cows). Ear tags were placed 5 days prior to the start of the trial, with cows ranging from 67-192 days in milk (DIM). Daily feed intake, milk weights, milk components and body weight (BW) were also recorded. Data were analyzed using PROX GLIMMIX in SAS. Dry matter intake (DMI) was modeled including fixed effects for DIM, milk weight, component composition, metabolic body weight (BW0.75), eartag activity or temperature, as well as the random effects of parity and group. To identify informative timeframes with reduced influence of environmental noise, data were analyzed over 3-day rolling windows of time. Six windows were significantly associated with dry matter intake (P ≤ 0.05) when utilizing ear tag activity. Three windows of time of ear tag temperature were found to be significantly associated with DMI (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that eartag sensor data may be useful indicators of feed intake; however, days in milk and season may impact the informativeness of sensor data. Additional studies are warranted to validate the efficacy of activity and ear temperature as indicators of feed intake and determine the impact of other variables on these potential sensor indicator traits over time.
PSIII-5 Accuracy of genomic prediction of antibody response to common infectious diseases in commercial sows
Authors: Sanglard Leticia Pereira , Canada PigGen , Mote Benny , Willson Philip , Harding John C S , Plastow Graham S , Dekkers Jack C M , Serão Nick V L 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Previous results indicated that antibody response to PRRSV has moderate genomic prediction accuracy; however, little is known about this for other common infectious diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the accuracy of genomic prediction for antibody response to infectious diseases in commercial sows. A total of 2,848 Large White x Landrace replacement gilts were sourced from 17 high-health multipliers (7 breeding companies; BC) and introduced to 23 commercial farms with a history of common diseases, following standard acclimation procedures. Serum was used to quantify antibody response to swine influenza virus (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and 8 serotypes of Actinobacilluspleuropneumoniae(APP1-3, 5, 7, 10, 12, and 13) at entry (S/PEntry), following acclimation (S/PAcclimation), and during parities 1 (S/PParity1) and 2 (S/PParity2). All animals were genotyped for 38,191 SNPs. Genomic prediction was performed using BayesB (pi=0.99), with the fixed effect of CG and random effects of SNPs included in the model. Training and validation were performed using 7-fold cross-validation, with data from each BC used as the validation dataset in one-fold. In general, prediction accuracies were low: SIV, from 0.13 (S/PAcclimation) to 0.26 (S/PParity1); MH, -0.07 (S/PAcclimation) to 0.13 (S/PParity2); PCV2, 0.04 (S/PParity1) to 0.32 (S/PAcclimation); APP, -0.08 (S/PEntry, APP10) to 0.26 (S/PAcclimation, APP7). At each point, average accuracies were 0.06 for S/PEntry, 0.09 for S/PAcclimationand S/PParity1, and 0.08 for S/PParity2, showing small increases in accuracy after the acclimation period. Among diseases, average accuracies ranged from 0.01 (APP1) to 0.22 (PCV2). Results show that, overall, the accuracy of genomic prediction of antibody response to common infectious diseases in commercial gilts is limited. The authors thank PigGen Canada, Genome Canada, and the Canadian Swine Health Board for financial support, and the late Dr. Stephen Bishop for his scientific contributions.