bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Going through the motions: incorporating movement analyses into disease research
Authors: Dougherty Eric R. , Seidel Dana P. , Carlson Colin J. , Spiegel Orr , Getz Wayne M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThough epidemiology dates back to the 1700s, most mathematical representations of epidemics still use transmission rates averaged at the population scale, especially for wildlife diseases. In simplifying the contact process, we ignore the heterogeneities in host movements that complicate the real world, and overlook their impact on spatiotemporal patterns of disease burden. Movement ecology offers a set of tools that help unpack the transmission process, letting researchers more accurately model how animals within a population interact and spread pathogens. Analytical techniques from this growing field can also help expose the reverse process: how infection impacts movement behaviours, and therefore other ecological processes like feeding, reproduction, and dispersal. Here, we synthesise the contributions of movement ecology in disease research, with a particular focus on studies that have successfully used movement‐based methods to quantify individual heterogeneity in exposure and transmission risk. Throughout, we highlight the rapid growth of both disease and movement ecology and comment on promising but unexplored avenues for research at their overlap. Ultimately, we suggest, including movement empowers ecologists to pose new questions, expanding our understanding of host–pathogen dynamics and improving our predictive capacity for wildlife and even human diseases.
Environmental and spatial filters of zooplankton metacommunities in shallow pools in high‐elevation peatlands in the tropical Andes
Authors: Quenta Herrera Estefania , Jacobsen Dean , Casas Jérôme , Dangles Olivier 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Understanding metacommunity organisation in freshwater ecosystems is particularly important at high elevation in the tropical Andes, as this region is considered an important biodiversity hotspot with many endemic species threatened by climate change. High levels of dispersal at the regional scale and strong environmental filters at the local scale are thought to structure aquatic communities in these systems. However, metacommunity organisation patterns at the limit of aquatic life (>4,500 m a.s.l.) remain largely unknown. Given the extreme environmental conditions experienced by organisms at high elevation, environment filters would be expected to play a greater role than spatial filters in community assemblages.

We assessed the effects of environmental and spatial filters on zooplankton (Cladocera), to gain insight into metacommunity organisation in the shallow high‐elevation pools of the tropical Andes. We sampled zooplankton communities and assessed nine environmental variables, for 200 pools from 20 peatlands in the Cordillera Real of Bolivia. We performed redundancy and variation partitioning analyses on both abundance and presence/absence data, to evaluate the contribution of environmental and spatial processes (geographic and elevation distances) to cladoceran metacommunity assembly at different spatial scales.

We identified 18 cladoceran species, eight of which were endemic to the Andes. We found that both environment and spatial filters made a significant contribution to the structuring of cladoceran communities at higher spatial scales (i.e. intervalleys and within valleys), whereas only the environmental filter operated at small spatial scales (i.e. within peatlands). Elevation had a significant effect on cladoceran community variation (e.g. 6.9% within valleys, for abundance data), but not on species diversity. Similar patterns were obtained with presence/absence data. Macrophyte cover, pool area and pH were the most important variables explaining community variation and the species diversity of cladocerans at pool level. These results suggest that species sorting is probably the main process generating variation in cladoceran communities at all spatial scales. At larger spatial scales (intervalleys and within valleys), limited dispersal may also filter species composition.

We identified factors significantly contributing to the variation observed, but their overall explanatory power was low. This finding highlights the difficulties involved in evaluating the response of aquatic organisms to their environment and suggests that other environmental variables should be considered. Moreover, frequent and unpredictable disturbances and high stochasticity probably operate simultaneously with environmental filters to structure zooplankton organisation in these unique and harsh aquatic systems.
Shifts in mollusc traits following floodplain reconnection: Testing the response of functional diversity components
Authors: Rumm Andrea , Foeckler Francis , Dziock Frank , Ilg Christiane , Scholz Mathias , Harris Rebecca M. B. , Gerisch Michael 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Restoration of ecosystems can mitigate the global loss of biodiversity and provide essential ecological functions and services. Although trait composition and functional diversity (FD) are important tools in assessing recovery processes, very few restoration projects use them to evaluate restoration success. Consequently, little is known about trait and FD trajectories following restoration measures.

Here, we tested the effect of dyke‐slotting to reconnect a floodplain on the trait response of mollusc communities over 6 years, based on a random stratified sampling design (plots within areas) with before and after control impact. Trait characteristics included flood resistance, drought resistance and resilience from which community‐weighted mean trait values were derived. FD and its components (alpha, beta, gamma) were calculated with Rao's quadratic entropy.

Flood duration in the restored area increased from 4–13 to 6–17 weeks/year after reconnection, similarly to the reference area (4–10 to 6–14 weeks). Hence, the re‐connection by dyke‐slotting had no substantial effect on flood duration (due to seepage water).

Despite that, dyke‐slotting triggered weak but significant shifts in the trait compositions of the restored floodplain mollusc communities. Traits reflecting species’ resilience, crushing resistance and drought resistance increased in abundance, while traits characteristically found in more stable habitats decreased (e.g. cross‐fertilisation, diet specialisation). Overall, trait composition of the restored area progressively moved to that found in the active floodplain.

While there were some significant temporal changes in FD within areas (reference, restored), there were no significant effects of dyke‐slotting on any of the FD indices.

The incorporation of spatiotemporal dynamics of FD and trait composition may facilitate the evaluation of restoration trajectories, especially when different components (hierarchical FD configuration, single trait distributions) are considered together. Such complementary approaches could be integrated in future restoration monitoring programs.
Are diel vertical migrations of European perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) early juveniles under direct control of light intensity? Evidence from a large field experiment
Authors: Sajdlová Zuzana , Frouzová Jaroslava , Draštík Vladislav , Jůza Tomáš , Peterka Jiří , Prchalová Marie , Říha Milan , Vašek Mojmír , Kubečka Jan , Čech Martin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Diel vertical migrations (DVMs) belong among the most pronounced movements in the aquatic environment. A general pattern of DVMs has been well described, particularly in European perch (Perca fluviatilis), but whether the migrations are directly controlled by light and what is the ultimate cause of the diel vertical shifts, remains poorly understood.

Undertaking a large‐scale field experiment in a thermally stratified, canyon‐shaped reservoir, we demonstrated for the first time that DVMs of a bathypelagic early juveniles community, dominated by European perch larvae and juveniles prior the metamorphosis, were under direct control of the light intensity; that is, they did not operate as a genetically fixed behaviour.

Prior to the experiment, the depth distribution of the bathypelagic perch early juveniles was strongly correlated with the light intensity on the water surface (p < .001). The community underwent regular DVMs between the epilimnion (depth <2.0 m) and hypolimnion (depth >3.0 m) reaching a maximum amplitude of 13 m.

Hydroacoustic recordings by the echosounder SIMRAD EK 60 (120 and 400 kHz) showed that during the experiment, when the surface was covered with a large black non‐transparent foil (2500 m2; simulated conditions of complete and constant darkness), the regular vertical movement of the bathypelagic perch early juveniles was interrupted and the community occupied the epilimnion constantly for 24 hr.

Immediately after the foil was removed at midday, the bathypelagic perch early juveniles were exposed to a steep increase in light intensity (from <1 LUX to >100 × 103 LUX) and they escaped into the hypolimnion where they were safe from visual predation which took place in the bright surface layers (epilimnion particularly). Our findings imply that occupying a deep, dark refuge in the daytime is essential for the survival of perch in their early life stage.
Free dialysis in Nepal: Logistical challenges explored
Authors: Mcgee John , Pandey Bimal , Maskey Abhishek , Frazer Tifany , Mackinney Theodore 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNepal's Ministry of Health began offering free lifetime hemodialysis (HD) in 2016. There has been a large growth in renal replacement therapy (RRT) services offered in Nepal since 2010, when the last known data on the subject was published. In 2016, 42 HD centers existed (223% increase since 2010) serving 1975 end stage renal disease patients (303% increase since 2010); 36 nephrologists were registered (200% increase since 2010), 12 were trained in transplantation, and 790 transplants had been performed to date. We estimate the incidence of end stage renal disease to be 2900 patients (100 per million population). With an annual cost of approximately US$2300 per dialysis patient, offering free dialysis could potentially cost the government US$6.7 million per year, suggesting that 2.1% of the annual health budget would be allocated to 0.01% of the population. The geographic zone surrounding the capital city, Kathmandu, contains 50% of HD centers, but only 14.5% of Nepal's population. Forty‐eight percent of the population lives within zones without HD service, therefore infrastructure challenges exist in providing equitable access to RRT. The aim of this article is to summarize the current statistics of RRT in Nepal.
Predicted MHC peptide binding promiscuity explains MHC class I ‘hotspots’ of antigen presentation defined by mass spectrometry eluted ligand data
Authors: Jappe Emma Christine , Kringelum Jens , Trolle Thomas , Nielsen Morten 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPeptides that bind to and are presented by MHC class I and class II molecules collectively make up the immunopeptidome. In the context of vaccine development, an understanding of the immunopeptidome is essential, and much effort has been dedicated to its accurate and cost‐effective identification. Current state‐of‐the‐art methods mainly comprise in silico tools for predicting MHC binding, which is strongly correlated with peptide immunogenicity. However, only a small proportion of the peptides that bind to MHC molecules are, in fact, immunogenic, and substantial work has been dedicated to uncovering additional determinants of peptide immunogenicity. In this context, and in light of recent advancements in mass spectrometry (MS), the existence of immunological hotspots has been given new life, inciting the hypothesis that hotspots are associated with MHC class I peptide immunogenicity. We here introduce a precise terminology for defining these hotspots and carry out a systematic analysis of MS and in silico predicted hotspots. We find that hotspots defined from MS data are largely captured by peptide binding predictions, enabling their replication in silico. This leads us to conclude that hotspots, to a great degree, are simply a result of promiscuous HLA binding, which disproves the hypothesis that the identification of hotspots provides novel information in the context of immunogenic peptide prediction. Furthermore, our analyses demonstrate that the signal of ligand processing, although present in the MS data, has very low predictive power to discriminate between MS and in silico defined hotspots.
Interwoven histories: Mental health nurses with experience of mental illness, qualitative findings from a mixed methods study
Authors: Oates Jennifer , Drey Nicholas , Jones Julia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe effects of mental health nurses’ own experience of mental illness or being a carer have rarely been researched beyond the workplace setting. This study aimed to explore how the experience of mental illness affects mental health nurses’ lives outside of and inside work. A sample of 26 mental health nurses with personal experience of mental illness took part in semistructured interviews. Data were analysed thematically using a six‐phase approach. The analysis revealed the broad context of nurses’ experiences of mental illness according to three interwoven themes: mental illness as part of family life; experience of accessing services; and life interwoven with mental illness. Participants typically described personal and familial experience of mental illness across their life course, with multiple causes and consequences. The findings suggest that nurses’ lives outside of work should be taken into account when considering the impact of their personal experience of mental illness. Similarly being a nurse influences how mental illness is experienced. Treatment of nurses with mental illness should account for their nursing expertise whilst recognizing that the context for nurses’ mental illness could be much broader than the effect of workplace stress.
A systematic review of clinical supervision evaluation studies in nursing
Authors: Cutcliffe John R. , Sloan Graham , Bashaw Marie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAccording to the international, extant literature published during the last 20 years or so, clinical supervision (CS) in nursing is now a reasonably common phenomenon. Nevertheless, what appears to be noticeably ‘thin on the ground’ in this body of literature are empirical evaluations of CS, especially those pertaining to client outcomes. Accordingly, the authors undertook a systematic review of empirical evaluations of CS in nursing to determine the state of the science. Adopting the approach documented by Stroup et al. (JAMA, 283, 2000, 2008), the authors searched for reports of evaluation studies of CS in nursing – published during the years 1995 to 2015. Keywords for the search were ‘clinical supervision’, ‘evaluation’, ‘efficacy’, ‘nursing’, and combinations of these keywords. Electronic databases used were CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychLIT, and the British Nursing Index. The research evidence from twenty‐eight (28) studies reviewed is presented, outlining the main findings with an overview of each study presented. The following broad themes were identified and are each discussed in the study: narrative/anecdotal accounts of positive outcomes for clinical supervision, narrative/anecdotal accounts of negative outcomes for clinical supervision, empirical positive outcomes reported by supervisee, and empirical findings showing no effect by supervisee.
Recovery without autonomy: Progress forward or more of the same for mental health service users?
Authors: Byrne Louise , Schoeppe Stephanie , Bradshaw Julie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn Western nations, the Recovery approach has become a widely accepted philosophy and treatment concept in mental health. Yet, community understanding of the Recovery approach remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate (i) people's awareness of the principles underpinning the Recovery approach in mental health, and (ii) the treatment approaches people consider most important, and whether these align with the Recovery approach. To achieve these aims, a random sample of 1217 Australian adults participated in the National Social Survey (QSS) via telephone interview. People's experience with mental health services, the importance they place on various treatment approaches, and their awareness of principles underpinning the Recovery approach were assessed. Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics. Most participants (94%) agreed that ‘regardless of the severity of symptoms experienced and/or the mental illness diagnosis, being diagnosed with a mental illness means there is always hope for a meaningful life’. Moreover, most participants considered treatments in line with the Recovery approach as important. However, few participants (35%) agreed with the principle that ‘after diagnosis, the person themselves should direct the long‐term management of their mental illness, rather than a medical professional’. Australian people were to some extent aware of the principles underpinning the Recovery Approach, particularly with regard to hope, ability to live a meaningful life, and the importance of support from family, friends, and others living with mental illness. Nonetheless, autonomy was not highly prioritized, with the prevailing view that management of mental illness should be directed by the medical profession.
Catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias with QRS morphology resembling that of aortic sinus cusp arrhythmias: Significance of mapping the left pulmonary sinus cusp
Authors: Liang Zhuo , Wang Yunlong , Zhang Tao , Han Zhihong , Dong Jianzeng , Ren Xuejun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is a close anatomical relationship between aortic sinus cusp (ASC) and the left pulmonary sinus cusp (LPSC).PurposeThe study was to investigate the significance of mapping and ablation of LPSC for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) with QRS morphology resembling that of ASC arrhythmias.MethodsIn 33 consecutive patients undergoing successful catheter ablation of idiopathic VAs with ASC arrhythmia‐like QRS morphology, LPSC was mapped carefully.ResultsAmong the 33 patients studied, QRS morphology resembled that of arrhythmias of either right or left coronary cusp (LCC or RCC) origin in 17 and 16 patients, respectively. Out of 12 arrhythmias with the earliest potential in LCC during left‐sided mapping, an earlier potential in LPSC than in LCC was recorded in 2 arrhythmias, the same earliest potential in LPSC as in LCC was recorded in 6 arrhythmias, and 5 (42%) were finally ablated successfully in LPSC using the reversed U curve. Out of 16 arrhythmias with the earliest potential in the RCC during left‐sided mapping, an earlier potential in LPSC than in RCC was recorded in 4 arrhythmias, the same earliest potential in LPSC as in RCC was recorded in 3 arrhythmias, and 4 (25%) were finally ablated successfully in LPSC using the reversed U curve.ConclusionsFor VAs with ASC arrhythmia‐like QRS morphology, mapping in LPSC could have unique electrophysiologic characteristics, and some of them could be eliminated in LPSC using reversed U curve.
Human milk AFM1, OTA, and DON evaluation by liquid chromatography tandem mass specrometry and their relation to the Southern Brazil nursing mothers' diet
Authors: Tonon Karina Merini , Reiter Mercedes Gabriela Ratto , Savi Geovana Dagostim , Scussel Vildes Maria 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe occurrence of aflatoxin M1(AFM1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) in human milk and their correlation to the lactating donors dietary habits from Southern Brazil were investigated. Milk samples were collected from 86 nursing mothers who were also interviewed through a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The occurrence of AFM1, OTA, and DON in the human milk samples was evaluated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and correlated with the FFQ data. The analysis of the FFQs revealed a high intake of foods susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, such as wheat flour and its derivatives, bovine milk, and coffee which had habitual consumption reported by 71, 50, and 43% of the participants, respectively. AFM1, OTA, and DON were not detected in any sample of human milk, even though the results obtained by LC‐MS/MS suggest a possible occurrence of DON in four samples (>LOD: 2.5 ng/mL; <LOQ: 5 ng/mL).Practical applicationsThese findings might be valuable for food safety of human milk, showing that besides well‐known benefits breastfeeding do not present undesirable contaminants. However, it is important emphasize that the monitoring food need to be performed constantly to ensure the milk quality and consumer safety and, in addition, the data obtained should be according to regulation.
Resource Use During the Last 6 Months of Life of Individuals Dying with and of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Faes Kristof , Cohen Joachim , Annemans Lieven 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesTo compare resource use during the last 6 months of life of individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but for whom AD was not formally identified as the underlying cause of death (dying with AD) with that of those who had AD as underlying cause of death (dying of AD).DesignFull‐population retrospective analysis.SettingBelgium.ParticipantsAll Belgian decedents in 2012.MeasurementsWe linked participants' healthcare, population, and death certificate data. Those who died of AD were selected based on underlying cause of death. Those who died with AD were selected using a validated algorithm.ResultsIndividuals who died of AD had less hospital use than those who died with AD; were less often admitted to a palliative care unit but received palliative home care services slightly more often; and had use of physiotherapy, noninvasive ventilation, medical imaging, sedatives, oxygen, and opioids comparable with that of those who died with AD.ConclusionDuring the last 6 months of life, individuals dying of AD used fewer intensive resources such as intensive care unit, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and invasive ventilation than those dying with AD, which suggests the effect of recognition of an end‐of‐life phase. Overall, individuals with AD rarely used palliative care services, suggesting a need for more efforts to encourage use of palliative care in individuals with AD.
25‐OH‐vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcium serum levels in captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): Reference values and effect of age, sex, season, and closure of long bone epiphyses
Authors: Bosseler Leslie , Bakker Jaco , Duchateau Luc , Remarque Ed , Langermans Jan A.M. , Cornillie Pieter , Chiers Koen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo date, reference values for 25‐OH‐vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and calcium in serum of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) based on a large sample size are not available.MethodsSerum reference values for these parameters were determined and correlated with sex, age, season of sampling, and time of long bone epiphyseal closure in captive‐housed marmosets.Results and ConclusionsThe 90% reference range for serum 25‐OH‐vitamin D is 47.40‐370.4 nmol/L, for PTH 2.10‐30.51 pmol/L, and for calcium 2.08‐2.63 mmol/L. Lower levels of vitamin D were measured in fall compared with the other seasons. Levels of PTH were higher in males than in females, and calcium levels were lower in younger animals compared with older marmosets. No other effects of age, sex, season, or timing of growth plate closure were found.
Characterization of ectopic myelinated nerve fibers in the retina of a cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Shirai Norimitsu , Evans Mark G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report histopathology of retinal myelination discovered in a cynomolgus monkey. It consisted of a uniform population of spindle cells arranged in fascicles within the retina at the optic disk. The present case is remarkable in that there is a paucity of reports describing myelinated retinal nerve fibers in monkeys.