bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure drop test as a hydroinformatic tool for preliminary network topology validation
Authors: Milašinović M. , Prodanović D. , Stanić M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Usage of the appropriate model of water distribution systems (WDS) enables easier everyday operations and management decisions. Creating a reliable model of WDS requires a large amount of system response data for different case scenarios. Commonly used software for creating models of WDS is EpaNet. Ongoing processes in WDS, such as pipe bursts, permanently closed valves which are not registered in the data base and other inconsistencies will change WDS network topology, so WDS validation tests are to be applied from time to time. This paper presents the WDS network topology validation test conducted on one district metered area of Belgrade with two inflows. The pressure drop test combined with genetic algorithm and ant colony optimization are simple hydroinformatic tools available for network topology validation. The system's reaction under a pressure change during the isolation test was measured at two observation points. Obtained results are then compared with assumed WDS topology using 55 potential locations of inconsistencies in the EpaNet model. This step is repeated until a good enough match between results from the real system and the created model's version is obtained. Heuristic optimization algorithms are used for speeding up the process of finding a satisfactory match (unknown locations of inconsistencies) by minimizing or maximizing the defined criteria function.
Analysis of characteristic snow parameters and associated factors in a cold region in northeast China
Authors: Fu Qiang , Peng Li , Li Tianxiao , Cui Song , Liu Dong , Yan Peiru , Chen Hongguang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Snow characteristics were measured in the comprehensive experimental field and the results of a detailed analysis of physical snow properties indicated that snowpack characteristics are affected by a variety of climate parameters. The average liquid water content of snow increased from 0.5% to 3.5%. The bottom snow layer exhibited larger parameter variations than those in the surface and middle layers. The average snow porosity was 72.3% for the entire snowpack, and the changing rate of porosity ranged from 4% to 19% during the accumulation period and from 7% to 25% during the snowmelt period. The porosity of the bottom layer displayed the fastest decline and the largest range. The air temperature, snow temperature and solar radiation showed significant positive correlations with the liquid water content of the snow, and the calculated correlation coefficients were all above 0.9. In addition, relative humidity and temperature were negatively correlated. All meteorological factors studied affected the melting capacity of snow to varying degrees. This study included the design and implementation of snow experiments on bare land under natural conditions as well as measurements of snow parameters in detailed snowpack layers and explained the characteristics of snow parameters combined with meteorological factors.
Modulation of transient pressure by an air pocket in a horizontal pipe with an end orifice
Authors: Li Lin , Zhu David Z. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In urban drainage systems, a sudden increase in the flow rate can cause the transition of the flow from open channel to pipe flow, and the entrapment of large air pockets in sewers, which might result in serious geysers and water-hammer like pressure events. This paper presents a numerical analysis of flow processes associated with the pressurization and release of an air pocket in order to study its influence on transient pressure in a horizontal pipe with an end orifice. The influence of the air pocket inside the pipe on the peak pressure can be described in two distinct regimes. In regime I for the pipe with a small orifice, the peak pressure is modulated by the pressurization and expansion of the air pocket and its subsequent damping. In regime II for the pipe with a large orifice, air can be quickly expelled, and the water column directly impinges on the pipe end wall and causes water-hammer like pressure. With the increase of the orifice size, the peak pressure decreases due to the change in the water velocity. In the study cases, the peak pressure in regime I is about two times the inlet pressure, while it can be more than forty times in regime II.
ANÁLISE DE EVIDÊNCIAS PRÓ VALOR JUSTO NA NOVA ESTRUTURA CONCEITUAL DA CONTABILIDADE
Authors: Zanolla Ercilio , Antunes Gustavo Amorim 
Published: May 2018

Este estudo busca evidências pró valor justo e consequente informações mais úteis, principalmente aos investidores, da nova Estrutura Conceitual da Contabilidade – ECC que está em processo de revisão pelo Internacional Accounting Standard Board – IASB, Exposure Draft - ED/2015/3. O estudo, de abordagem qualitativa, e por meio de análise de conteúdo compara e descreve a nova ECC com as estruturas anteriores do FASB, IASB, Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis – CPC e Conselho Federal de Contabilidade – CFC. Os resultados indicam tendências pró valor justo, especialmente, na definição dos objetivos e usuários e na reestruturação e semântica das características qualitativas das informações. Nesse sentido, identificou-se quatro principais aspectos: i) ênfase no fluxo de caixa futuro; ii) foco ao mercado de capitais; iii) perda de status da verificabilidade; e iv) retirada do critério de ‘realização provável’ da definição de ativo e convertido em um aspecto de mensuração. No Brasil, o CPC substitui seu pronunciamento básico pela nova ECC e as Resoluções nº 750/1993 e nº 1.282/2010 foram revogadas pela NBC TSP ESTRUTURA CONCEITUAL de 23/09/2016 do CFC por confrontar as novas concepções da ECC. Os achados do estudo contribuem para melhor compreender a ECC e suas finalidades.Palavras-chave: Convergência contábil. Estrutura conceitual. Valor justo. Teoria da contabilidade. Normas internacionais.
Relevance of Follow-Up in Patients with Core Clinical Criteria for Alzheimer Disease and Normal CSF Biomarkers
Authors: Vercruysse Olivier , Paquet Claire , Gabelle Audrey , Delbeuck Xavier , Blanc Frederic , Wallon David , Dumurgier Julien , Magnin Eloi , Martinaud Olivier , Jung Barbara , Bousiges Olivier , Lehmann Sylvain , Delaby Constance , Quillard-Murain Muriel , Peoc`h Katell , Laplanche Jean-Louis , Bouaziz-Amar Elodie , Hannequin Didier , Sablonniere Bernard , Buee Luc , Hugon Jacques , Schraen Susanna , Pasquier Florence , Bombois Stephanie , for the e-PLM group  
Published: May 2018

Background:
Few patients with a normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profile fulfill the
clinical criteria for Alzheimer disease (AD).

Objective:
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of misdiagnoses for these patients.

Method:
Patients from the e-PLM centers fulfilling the core clinical criteria for probable AD dementia or mild
cognitive impairment due to AD (AD-MCI), with normal CSF Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-tau biomarkers and clinical
follow-up, were included. Clinical and imaging data were reviewed by an independent board, from baseline
(visit with clinical evaluation and CSF analysis) to the end of the follow-up, for a final diagnosis.

Results:
In the e-PLM cohort of 1098 AD patients with CSF analysis, 37 (3.3%) patients (20 with AD dementia
core clinical criteria and 17 with AD-MCI core clinical criteria) had normal CSF biomarker profile and a
clinical follow-up. All patients presented with episodic memory impairment and 27 (73%) had medial temporal
lobe atrophy on MRI-scan. After a median follow-up of 36 months (range 7-74), the final diagnosis was
AD MCI or dementia for 9 (24%) patients, and unlikely due to AD for 28 (76%) patients. A misdiagnosis was
corrected in 18 (49%) patients (mood disorders, non-AD degenerative dementia, vascular cognitive impairment,
alcohol cognitive disorders, temporal epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis), and 10 (27%) patients had
cognitive disorders of undetermined etiology.

Conclusion:
AD diagnosis (MCI or dementia) with normal CSF biomarkers is a rare condition. A clinical follow-
up is particularly recommended to consider an alternative diagnosis.
Performance Evaluation of Threshold-Based and k-means Clustering Algorithms Using Iris Dataset
Authors: Mittal Mamta , Sharma Rajendra Kumar , Singh Varinder Pal 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Clustering is one of the data mining tools which classify the raw data reasonably
into disjoint clusters. Researchers have developed many algorithms to cluster large data sets based
on specific parameters.

Objective:
This study is centered around the popular partitioning-based technique, i.e., k-means. It requires
the number of clusters to be generated as an input parameter; it does not provide a global solution
of the problem; and it is sensitive to outliers and initial seed selection.

Methods:
In this paper, authors have discussed threshold-based clustering method, single pass method,
which overcomes the above limitations but it requires a threshold value as an input parameter. Other researchers’
work related to k-means published in patent form is noteworthy and paving path for the researchers.

Results:
To assess the quality of clustering, numerous validity measures and indices have been assessed
on the Iris dataset for both k-means and threshold-based clustering algorithms. It has been observed
from the experiments that threshold-based method generates more separated and compact clusters, in
addition, there is significant improvement in the validity indices.

Conclusion:
Threshold-based clustering generates the clusters automatically which are not sensitive to
initial seeds selection and outlier; it is more scalable. It will inevitably be an efficient approach of partitioning
based clustering whenever one will select the threshold value carefully or will propose new
functions for deciding the value of threshold.
Selectivity Modeling of Synthesis Gas Reaction over the Iron Catalyst and Optimization Products
Authors: Atashi Hossein , Veiskarami Somayyeh 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Among all of the consumable energy, the liquid fuel is very important. The use of the various technologies to produce this expensive material will be increasing day by day.

Materials & Methods:
The Fischer-Tropsch Process is one of these technologies. In this catalytic process, a lot of products are produced, therefore, it is always steered to the production of favorable products. For this reason, in order to predict the performance of iron-based catalysts, based on the three factors;pressure, temperature and H2/CO ratio, the selectivity models for the products were obtained. Then, the best possible conditions for the highest production of hydrocarbons were calculated which are used in the designing of engineering equipment.

Result & Conclusion:
The optimal condition for the maximum production of total hydrocarbons achieved was set as P=1 MPa, H2/CO=1, and T=542 K.
Oral Ketorolac with Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block for Irreversible Pulpitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Gowri , Sridharan Kannan 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Ketorolac has advantages over other analgesics as a pre-anaesthetic medication. Considering this in mind, the present meta-analysis aims to identify the effect of oral ketorolac premedication on the anaesthetic efficacy of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) in patients with irreversible pulpitis.

Methods:
Full-texts of eligible studies were obtained from electronic databases. The extracted data was analysed using non-Cochrane mode in RevMan 5.0 software. Relative risk [95% CI] was calculated for the success of IANB.

Results:
Four studies were included for the final review. The success rate of IANB on 221 patients with relative risk of 1.87 [1.36, 2.56] was statistically significant favouring ketorolac. The mean difference for VAS in 171 patients was not statistically significant {-13.55 [-33.91, 6.82]}.

Conclusion:
Oral ketorolac can be successfully administered as a premedication before conventional inferior alveolar nerve block for endodontic treatment for irreversible pulpitis.
Short Dental Implants (≤7mm) Versus Longer Implants in Augmented Bone Area: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Uehara Priscila N. , Matsubara Victor Haruo , Igai Fernando , Sesma Newton , Mukai Marcio K. , Araujo Mauricio G. 
Published: May 2018

Aim:
The aim of this systematic review was to compare the survival rate and the marginal bone loss between short implants (≤7 mm) placed in the atrophic area and longer implants placed in the augmented bone area of posterior regions of maxillaries.

Methods:
Electronic search using three databases was performed up to May 2017 to identify Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) assessing short implants survival with a minimal follow-up of 12 months post-loading. For the meta-analysis, a Risk Difference (RD) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to pool the results of implant failure rate for each treatment group. For the marginal bone changes, Mean Differences (MD) with 95% CI were calculated.

Results:
Seven randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria, being included in qualitative and quantitative analyses. The RD between the short implant group and the control group was -0.02 (95% CI: -0.04 to 0.00), I2=0 and Chi2=3.14, indicating a favorable survival rate for short implant, but with no statistical significance (p=0.09).

Discussion:
For marginal bone loss, the mean difference was -0,13 (95%CI: -0.22 to -0.05), favoring the test group with statistical significance (p=0.002). The studies showed more heterogeneity for bone loss compared to survival rate. Short and longer implants showed similar survival rates after one year of loading, however the marginal bone loss around short implants was lower than in longer implants sites.

Conclusion:
Placement of implants ≤7 mm of length was found to be a predictable alternative for the rehabilitation of atrophic posterior regions, avoiding all the disadvantages intrinsic to bone augmentation procedures.
Assimilation of GPS Radio Occultation Data for Tropical Cyclogenesis: A Case Study in the Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Rosado Keren , Chiao Sen 
Published: May 2018

Aim:This study aimed to investigate the impact of using Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS RO) sounding data (i.e., Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate; COSMIC) for Tropical Cyclogenesis (TC-genesis) research.Methods:The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model and the WRF data assimilation system (i.e., WRF 3DVAR) were employed to simulate Tropical Depression- 8 (TD8) 2006. A noteworthy feature about TD8-genesis was that Saharan dust outbreak was also observed during this period, which made this event more sophisticated. The time frame to be focused on was from 1200 UTC September 09 to 1200 UTC September 12, 2006. The level 2 wetPrf COSMIC data was adopted in this research. A 72-hour integration wasperformed with initial and time-dependent lateral boundary conditions derived from the NCEP final analysis data (FNL). A 2-domain nested simulation was configured with 30 km, and10 km horizontal resolutions, respectively.Results:Simulation results from all the experiments performed with different RO soundings combination showed that the RO sounding 8 has the greatest significant impact on TD8 simulation.Conclusion:Elevation, time, and location are the parameters that made RO sounding 8 the most treasured sounding to analyze TD8.
Relative Proportion Of Different Types Of Refractive Errors In Subjects Seeking Laser Vision Correction
Authors: Althomali Talal A. 
Published: May 2018

Background:Refractive errors are a form of optical defect affecting more than 2.3 billion people worldwide. As refractive errors are a major contributor of mild to moderate vision impairment, assessment of their relative proportion would be helpful in the strategic planning of health programs.Purpose:To determine the pattern of the relative proportion of types of refractive errors among the adult candidates seeking laser assisted refractive correction in a private clinic setting in Saudi Arabia.Methods:The clinical charts of 687 patients (1374 eyes) with mean age 27.6 ± 7.5 years who desired laser vision correction and underwent a pre-LASIK work-up were reviewed retrospectively. Refractive errors were classified as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was applied to define refractive errors.Outcome Measures:Distribution percentage of different types of refractive errors; myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.Results:The mean spherical equivalent for 1374 eyes was -3.11 ± 2.88 D. Of the total 1374 eyes, 91.8% (n = 1262) eyes had myopia, 4.7% (n = 65) eyes had hyperopia and 3.4% (n = 47) had emmetropia with astigmatism. Distribution percentage of astigmatism (cylinder error of ≥ 0.50 D) was 78.5% (1078/1374 eyes); of which % 69.1% (994/1374) had low to moderate astigmatism and 9.4% (129/1374) had high astigmatism.Conclusion and Relevance:Of the adult candidates seeking laser refractive correction in a private setting in Saudi Arabia, myopia represented greatest burden with more than 90% myopic eyes, compared to hyperopia in nearly 5% eyes. Astigmatism was present in more than 78% eyes.
Clinical, Immunological and Virological Responses of Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Nevirapine versus Zidovudine-Lamivudine-Efavirenz Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Among HIV-1 Infected Children: Asella Teaching and Referral Hospital, South-East Ethiopia
Authors: Sorsa Abebe 
Published: May 2018

Background:Antiretroviral Therapy(ART) remarkably reduced HIV-1 infection-related mortality in children. The efficacy and safety of different ART regimen in pediatric age groups remained issues of debates and available evidence were scarce especially among children taking the of one the two prototypes (NVP or EFV) Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor(NNRTI) as backbone of ART regimen.Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare clinical, immunological and virological responses of zidovudine-lamivudine-nevirapine (AZT+3TC+ NVP)versuszidovudine-lamivudine-efavirenz (AZT+3TC+EFV) ART regimen among HIV-1 infected children.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was done by reviewing medical records of the patients to evaluate clinical, immunological and virological outcomes of NVP+AZT+3TCversusEFV+AZT+3TC ART regimen among HIV-1 infected children. Data were entered into Epi-info version 7.2.2 for clean up and exported to SPSS version 17 for analysis. Paired and Independent t-tests were used to compare the CD4 cell count, weight and virologic level at six months with corresponding baseline value; and the mean weight, CD4 gain and viral suppression across the two ART regimens at six months of ART respectively.Results:Medical records of 122 patients from NVP-based regimen and 61 patients from EFV group were reviewed. After six months of NVP+AZT+3TC treatment, the mean CD4 cell count difference from baseline was 215(95% CI, 175.414-245.613, p<0.001). From EFV+AZT+3TC group, the mean CD4 cell count difference from baseline was 205(95% CI 155.404-235.623, p< 0.001). The mean CD4 count difference between the two regimens was comparable (p 0.145). Similarly, optimal viral suppression was achieved in 82% (100/122) of NVP+AZT+3TC regimen and 83% (44/61) of EFV+AZT+3TC regimen which was still comparable across the two groups.Conclusion:There was no difference in clinical, immunological and virological outcomes among patients taking NVP+AZT+3TC or EFV+AZT+3TC ART regimen.
The Prevalence of Hand Eczema and Its Determinants Among Female Hairdressers: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Hajaghazadeh Mohammad , Jafari Abbas , Jafari Shole , Hekmatirad Shirin , Didarloo Alireza 
Published: May 2018

Introduction:Female hairdressers are exposed to various chemicals in their occupation which may lead to skin problems such as hand eczema.This study aimed to determine the one-year prevalence of hand eczema and its risk factors in a sample of Northwest Iranian female hairdressers in 2015.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional investigation in which 385 female hairdressers and 385 women from general population were selected as case and control, respectively.The prevalence of one-year hand eczema was obtained by Nordic occupationl skin questionnaireusing face-to-face interview. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-square, independent t-test and logistic regression in SPSS software version 19).Results:The mean and standard deviation of age and work experience of hairdressers were 33.16 ± 7.2 and 8.72 ± 5.7 years, respectively.The prevalence of one-year hand eczema in hairdressers and control group were 27.8% (95%CI=23.22 -32.22) and 13.2% (95%CI=9.02-15.58), respectively. The Odds Ratio (OR) for hand eczema in the hairdressers was 2.52 (95%CI=1.72-3.64), compared to the control group as the reference. Using logistic regression analysis smoking habit [OR=3.44 (95%CI=1.73-6.85)],age less than 30 years [OR=1.76 (95%CI=1.04-2.96)] and working experience less than10 years [OR=3.14 (95%CI=1.63-6.04)]were independent risk factors for reporting one-year prevalence of hand eczemaConclusion:Female hairdressers were more likely to be at risk of developing hand eczema compared to general population. Smoking habit, younger age, and less work experience were the significant risk factors of hand eczema in hairdressers. Occupational health interventions should consider these factors in the control of hand eczema in hairdressers.
Library Carpentry: Software Skills Training for Library Professionals
Authors: Cope Jez , Baker James 
Published: May 2018

Much time and energy is now being devoted to developing the skills of researchers in the related areas of data analysis and data management. However, less attention is currently paid to developing the data skills of librarians themselves: these skills are often brought in by recruitment in niche areas rather than considered as a wider development need for the library workforce, and are not widely recognised as important to the professional career development of librarians. We believe that building computational and data science capacity within academic libraries will have direct benefits for both librarians and the users we serve.
Library Carpentry is a global effort to provide training to librarians in technical areas that have traditionally been seen as the preserve of researchers, IT support and systems librarians. Established non-profit volunteer organisations, such as Software Carpentry and Data Carpentry, offer introductory research software skills training with a focus on the needs and requirements of research scientists. Library Carpentry is a comparable introductory software skills training programme with a focus on the needs and requirements of library and information professionals. This paper describes how the material was developed and delivered, and reports on challenges faced, lessons learned and future plans.