bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catch the wind: Optimizing wind turbine power generation by addressing wind veer effects
Authors: Gao Linyue , Milliren Christopher , Dasari Teja , Knoll Alexander A , Hong Jiarong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Wind direction variability with height, known as “wind veer,” results in power losses for wind turbines (WTs) that rely on single-point wind measurements at the turbine nacelles. To address this challenge, we introduce a yaw control strategy designed to optimize turbine alignment by adjusting the yaw angle based on specific wind veer conditions, thereby boosting power generation efficiency. This strategy integrates modest yaw offset angles into the existing turbine control systems via a yaw-bias-look-up table, which correlates the adjustments with wind speed, and wind veer data. We evaluated the effectiveness of this control strategy through extensive month-long field campaigns for an individual utility-scale WT and at a commercial wind farm. This included controlling one turbine using our strategy against nine others in the vicinity using standard controls with LiDAR-derived wind veer data and a separate 2.5 MW instrumented research turbine continuously managed using our method with wind profiles provided by meteorological towers. Results from these campaigns demonstrated notable energy gains, with potential net gains exceeding 10% during extreme veering conditions. Our economic analysis, factoring in various elements, suggests an annual net gain of up to approximately $700 K for a 100-MW wind farm, requiring minimal additional investment, with potential for even larger gains in offshore settings with the power of individual turbines exceeding 10 MW nowadays. Overall, our findings underscore the considerable opportunities to improve individual turbine performance under realistic atmospheric conditions through advanced, cost-effective control strategies.
Effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation on depressive symptoms targeting prefrontal cortex in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies: a combined systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xiao Yao , Dong Shuai , Pan Chunyu , Guo Huiling , Tang Lili , Zhang Xizhe , Wang Fei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a critical non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) target for treating depression. However, the alterations of brain activations post-intervention remain inconsistent and the clinical moderators that could improve symptomatic effectiveness are unclear. The study aim was to systematically review the effectiveness of NIBS on depressive symptoms targeting PFC in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. In our study, we delivered a combined activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis and meta-regression. Until November 2020, three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE) were searched and 14 studies with a total sample size of 584 were included in the ALE meta-analysis; after NIBS, four clusters in left cerebrum revealed significant activation while two clusters in right cerebrum revealed significant deactivation (P &lt; 0.001, cluster size &gt;150 mm3). Eleven studies were statistically reanalyzed for depressive symptoms pre–post active-NIBS and the pooled effect size was very large [(d = 1.82, 95%CI (1.23, 2.40)]; significant moderators causing substantial heterogeneity (Chi squared = 75.25, P &lt; 0.01; I2 = 87%) were detected through subgroup analysis and univariate meta-regression. Multivariate meta-regression was then conducted accordingly and the model suggested good fitness (Q = 42.32, P &lt; 0.01). In all, NIBS targeting PFC balanced three core depressive-related neurocognitive networks (the salience network, the default mode network, and the central executive network); the striatum played a central role and might serve as a candidate treatment biomarker; gender difference, treatment-resistant condition, comorbidity, treatment duration, and localization all contributed to moderating depressive symptoms during NIBS. More high-quality, multi-center randomized controlled trails delivering personalized NIBS are needed for clinical practice in the future.
Retina in Clinical High-Risk and First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Demirlek Cemal , Arslan Berat , Eyuboglu Merve S , Yalincetin Berna , Atas Ferdane , Cesim Ezgi , Demir Muhammed , Uzman Ozbek Simge , Kizilay Elif , Verim Burcu , Sut Ekin , Baykara Burak , Kaya Mahmut , Akdede Berna B , Bora Emre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Abnormalities in the retina are observed in psychotic disorders, especially in schizophrenia.

Study Design
Using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, we investigated structural retinal changes in relatively metabolic risk-free youth with clinical high-risk (CHR, n = 34) and first-episode psychosis (FEP, n = 30) compared with healthy controls (HCs, n = 28).

Study Results
Total retinal macular thickness/volume of the right eye increased in FEP (effect sizes, Cohen’s d = 0.69/0.66) and CHR (d = 0.67/0.76) compared with HCs. Total retinal thickness/volume was not significantly different between FEP and CHR. Macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness/volume of the left eye decreased in FEP compared with HCs (d = −0.75/−0.66). Peripapillary RNFL thickness was not different between groups. The ganglion cell (GCL), inner plexiform (IPL), and inner nuclear (INL) layers thicknesses/volumes of both eyes increased in FEP compared with HCs (d = 0.70–1.03). GCL volumes of both eyes, IPL thickness/volume of the left eye, and INL thickness/volume of both eyes increased in CHR compared with HCs (d = 0.64–1.01). In the macula, while central sector thickness/volume decreased (d = −0.62 to −0.72), superior outer (peri-foveal) sector thickness/volume of both eyes increased (d = 0.81 to 0.86) in FEP compared with HCs.

Conclusions
The current findings suggest that distinct regions and layers of the retina may be differentially impacted during the emergence and early phase of psychosis. Consequently, oculomics could play significant roles, not only as a diagnostic tool but also as a mirror reflecting neurobiological changes at axonal and cellular levels.
Early Conservative Physical Therapy Management of Babies With Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury to Facilitate Spontaneous Recovery
Authors: Mahrouck Hanan , Almatrafi Nahla , Tamboosi Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of early immobilization and proper handling techniques in infants with Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury (OBPI) in the first 2 weeks of life.

Method:
Six 1-day-old infants (2 males and 4 females) with OBPI were included. The assessments were done at baseline, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up, which involved a physical exam, Narakas classification, Active Movement Scale, and gross and fine motor skills evaluation.

Result:
All infants had upper Erb’s palsy. They had statistically significant improvement in the Active Movement Scale scores post-intervention with a large effect size. These improvements were maintained at follow-up. All infants achieved age-appropriate gross and fine motor skills with the affected upper limb at 3 months of age.

Conclusion:
Early conservative physical therapy management had a statistically significant effect on enhancing spontaneous recovery and preventing further nerve injury in OBPI infants.
SymScore: Machine Learning Accuracy Meets Transparency in a Symbolic Regression-Based Clinical Score Generator
Authors: Cawiding Olive R. , Lee Sieun , Jo Hyeontae , Kim Sungmoon , Suh Sooyeon , Joo Eun Yeon , Chung Seockhoon , Kim Jae Kyoung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelf-report questionnaires play a crucial role in healthcare for assessing disease risks, yet their extensive length can be burdensome for respondents, potentially compromising data quality. To address this, machine learning-based shortened questionnaires have been developed. While these questionnaires possess high levels of accuracy, their practical use in clinical settings is hindered by a lack of transparency and the need for specialized machine learning expertise. This makes their integration into clinical workflows challenging and also decreases trust among healthcare professionals who prefer interpretable tools for decision-making. To preserve both predictive accuracy and interpretability, this study introduces the Symbolic Regression-Based Clinical Score Generator (SymScore). SymScore produces score tables for shortened questionnaires, which enable clinicians to estimate the results that reflect those of the original questionnaires. SymScore generates the score tables by optimally grouping responses, assigning weights based on predictive importance, imposing necessary constraints, and fitting models via symbolic regression. We compared SymScore’s performance with the machine learning-based shortened questionnaires MCQI-6 (n= 310) and SLEEPS (n= 4257), both renowned for their high accuracy in assessing sleep disorders. SymScore’s questionnaire demonstrated comparable performance (MAE = 10.73,R2= 0.77) to that of the MCQI-6 (MAE = 9.94,R2= 0.82) and achieved AU-ROC values of 0.85-0.91 for various sleep disorders, closely matching those of SLEEPS (0.88-0.94). By generating accurate and interpretable score tables, SymScore ensures that healthcare professionals can easily explain and trust its results without specialized machine learning knowledge. Thus, Sym-Score advances explainable AI for healthcare by offering a user-friendly and resource-efficient alternative to machine learning-based questionnaires, supporting improved patient outcomes and workflow efficiency.
Participant experience of Scottish Ballet’s dance-based long COVID support programme: A mixed methods study
Authors: Philip Keir EJ , Burton Alexandra , Lewis Adam , Buttery Sara C , Williams Parris J , Polkey Michael I , Fancourt Daisy , Hopkinson Nicholas S 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesTo explore participant experience and perceived impacts of an online dance-based long COVID support programme.DesignMixed-methods study using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and structured observations, and ordinal scale questionnaire responses.SettingOnline, community-based, with participants in Scotland and England.Participants26 people with self-reported long COVID who participated in the final block of 10 sessions were invited to participate in this study. 13 of these consented, 12 female, 7 White British, 10 English as first language, mean(range) age 57yrs (38-77), symptom duration 27months (17 – 35), and live sessions attended 9.2 (4-17). Two dance leaders also participated in the study.InterventionsAn online dance-based long COVID support programme of live sessions, provided in morning and afternoon slots, 30 to 45 minute duration, and online materials to promote wellbeing and self-management strategies, developed by Scottish Ballet, people with long COVID and healthcare professionals. The block of 10 sessions, from which participants were recruited, ran in September-November 2023. Potential participants were required to confirm they were well enough to participate in the programme.ResultsResponses to closed questions regarding self-reported impacts demonstrated perceived physical and mental health improvements, the programme surpassed participant expectations, and participants would recommend the programme. Qualitatively, we identified four themes 1. Improved experience of symptoms; 2. Increased confidence regarding movement and physical activity; 3. Feeling calm and refreshed; 4: Valuing time spent in a safe space. Facilitators of impact related to content, logistics, and delivery. Few barriers were described. Dance leaders’ responses aligned with those of programme participants.ConclusionsA remotely delivered dance-based intervention for supporting people with long COVID is feasible, with participants consistently reporting that they found it enjoyable and beneficial to their health and wellbeing. Further research to assess impact on clinically validated measures is required.Strengths and Limitations of the study-This is the first known study to explore participant experience in a dance-based support programme for people with long COVID.-The study provides insights into participant perspectives on their experience of movement and ways it might be incorporated into long COVID management.-Small number of participants limits generalisability of the conclusions.-Participants were self-selecting both in accessing the program and the evaluation described here.-Further research is required to assess impact on clinically validated outcome measures.
Structure determinants of DANGEROUS MIX 3, an alpha/beta hydrolase, for triggering NLR-mediated genetic incompatibility in plants
Authors: Kim Gijeong , Wan Wei-Lin , Kim Nayun , Tan Yi Yun , Charoennit Nuri , Lee Rachelle R. Q. , Liew Yin Yin , Ng Shen Kai , Zhang Yizhong , Song Ji-Joon , Chae Eunyoung 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARYGenetic incompatibility occurs when a mismatched pair of plant immune components mounts autoimmune responses in hybrids. Highly diversified NLR receptors are main culprits of the genetic conflict, recognizing host proteins from different origin as immune trigger. Here, we report the molecular mechanism underlying a DANGEROUS MIX (DM) autoimmunity, comprising DM2h/RPP1 NLR and its incompatible partner DM3, an alpha/beta hydrolase. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the oligomeric nature of two natural DM3 variants in a trimer of dimer configuration. The polymorphism triggering autoimmunity is located at the dimer interface, resulting in drastic structural differences such that dimerizing helix and loop reinforcing the interface is lost and disordered. Structure-function analysis shows that integrity of the dimer interface, but neither maintenance of hexamer nor its enzymatic activity, is the key factor contributing to autoimmunity. Our finding pinpoints checkpoints embedded in the oligomeric configuration of a host enzyme that controls the switching mechanism of NLR activity.
Error rates inQST–FSTcomparisons depend on genetic architecture and estimation procedures
Authors: Liu Junjian J. , Edge Michael D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGenetic and phenotypic variation among populations is one of the fundamental subjects of evolutionary genetics. One question that arises often in data on natural populations is whether differentiation among populations on a particular trait might be caused in part by natural selection. For the past several decades, researchers have usedQST–FSTapproaches to compare the amount of trait differentiation among populations on one or more traits (measured by the statisticQST) with differentiation on genome-wide genetic variants (measured byFST). Theory says that under neutrality,FSTandQSTshould be approximately equal in expectation, soQSTvalues much larger thanFSTare consistent with local adaptation driving subpopulations’ trait values apart, andQSTvalues much smaller thanFSTare consistent with stabilizing selection on similar optima. At the same time, investigators have differed in their definitions of genome-wideFST(such as “ratio of averages” vs. “average of ratios” versions ofFST) and in their definitions of the variance components inQST. Here, we show that these details matter. Different versions ofFSTandQSThave different interpretations in terms of coalescence time, and comparing incompatible statistics can lead to elevated type I error rates, with some choices leading to type I error rates near one when the nominal rate is 5%. We conduct simulations under varying genetic architectures and forms of population structure and show how they affect the distribution ofQST. When many loci influence the trait, our simulations support procedures grounded in a coalescent-based framework for neutral phenotytpic differentiation.
Microbial lysates as low-cost serum replacements in cellular agriculture media formulation
Authors: Dolgin James , Chakravarty Damayanti , Sullivan Sean F. , Cai Yiming , Lim Taehwan , Yamaguchi Pomaikaimaikalani , Balkan Joseph E. , Xu Licheng , Olawoyin Aaron D. , Lee Kyongbum , Kaplan David L. , Nair Nikhil U. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCultivated meat, the process of generating meat in vitro without sacrificing animals, is a promising alternative to the traditional practice of livestock agriculture. However, the success of this field depends on finding sustainable and economical replacements for animal-derived and expensive fetal bovine serum (FBS) that is typically used in cell culture processes. Here, we outline an effective screening process to vet the suitability of microbial lysates to support the growth of immortalized bovine satellite cells (iBSCs) and mackerel (Mack1) cells. We show that easily producible, low-cost whole-cell lysates fromVibrio natriegenscan be used to create serum-free media for the long-term growth of iBSCs. The optimized medium, named “VN40” (basal B8 media containing Vibrio natriegens lysate proteins at 40 µg/mL), outperforms previously established serum-free media while maintaining cell phenotype and myogenicity. Overall, this study shows a novel approach to producing serum-free media for cultivated meat production using microbially-derived lysates.
Spatial Profiling of Patient-Matched HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer Reveals Resistance Mechanisms to Trastuzumab and Trastuzumab Deruxtecan
Authors: Sheng Taotao , Sundar Raghav , Srivastava Supriya , Ong Xuewen , Tay Su Ting , Ma Haoran , Uchihara Tomoyuki , Lian Benedict Shi Xiang , Hagihara Takeshi , Xu Chang , Ho Shamaine Wei Ting , Huang Kie Kyon , Tan Angie Lay Keng , NG Michelle Shu Wen , Clara Ng Shi Ya , Nasca Vincenzo , Pircher Chiara Carlotta , Randon Giovanni , Giordano Silvia , Corso Simona , Lum Jeffrey Huey Yew , Teh Ming , So Jimmy Bok Yan , Gasparello Jessica , Fassan Matteo , Pietrantonio Filippo , Tan Patrick 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPURPOSEHER2-positive gastric cancer (HER2+ GC) exhibits significant intra-tumoral heterogeneity and frequent development of resistance to HER2-targeted therapies. This study aimed to characterize the spatial tumor microenvironment (TME) in HER2+ GC and identify mechanisms of resistance to HER2 blockade including trastuzumab and trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd), with the goal of informing novel therapeutic strategies.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe performed spatial transcriptomics on pre-and post-treatment samples from patients with HER2+ metastatic GC who received trastuzumab-based therapy. We also established patient-derived organoids (PDOs) to investigate mechanisms of trastuzumab resistancein vitro.RESULTSERBB2-high tumor regions were found to be "immune cold", characterized by lowPD-L1expression and reduced lymphocyte infiltration. We identified two distinct mechanisms of acquired trastuzumab resistance: epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. EMT-positive tumors showed increased expression of immune checkpoints, includingPD-L1, and the chemokineCCL2. Non-EMT tumors exhibited upregulation of the ERAD pathway, highlighting it as a potential therapeutic target. Importantly, we observed increased expression of the promising therapeutic target CLDN18.2, in trastuzumab-resistant tumors. Additionally, loss of HLA was identified as a potential mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd).CONCLUSIONOur spatial profiling study reveals distinct TME features and resistance mechanisms in HER2+ GC, providing a valuable resource for future research and therapeutic development. The identification of potential therapeutic targets, such as CLDN18.2, may pave the way for novel treatment strategies to overcome resistance and improve outcomes for patients with HER2+ GC.
Transcriptional phenotype of the anti-parasitic benzodiazepine meclonazepam on the blood flukeSchistosoma mansoni
Authors: Henthorn Clair R. , McCusker Paul , Clec’h Winka Le , Chevalier Frédéric D. , Anderson Timothy J.C. , Zamanian Mostafa , Chan John D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere are limited control measures for the disease schistosomiasis, despite the fact that infection with parasitic blood flukes affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The current treatment, praziquantel, has been in use since the 1980’s and there is a concern that drug resistance may emerge with continued monotherapy. Given the need for additional antischistosomal drugs, we have re-visited an old lead, meclonazepam. In comparison to praziquantel, there has been relatively little work on its antiparasitic mechanism. Recent findings indicate that praziquantel and meclonazepam act through distinct receptors, making benzodiazepines a promising chemical series for further exploration. Previous work has profiled the transcriptional changes evoked by praziquantel treatment. Here, we examine in detail schistosome phenotypes evoked byin vitroandin vivomeclonazepam treatment. These data confirm that meclonazepam causes extensive tegument damage and directly kills parasites, as measured by pro-apoptotic caspase activation.In vivomeclonazepam exposure results in differential expression of many genes that are divergent in parasitic flatworms, as well as several gene products implicated in blood feeding and regulation of hemostasis in other parasites. Many of these transcripts are also differentially expressed with praziquantel exposure, which may reflect a common schistosome response to the two drugs. However, despite these similarities in drug response, praziquantel-resistant parasites retain susceptibility to meclonazepam’s schistocidal effects. These data provide new insight into the mechanism of antischistosomal benzodiazepines, resolving similarities and differences with the current frontline therapy, praziquantel.
Population genomics of the invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) – adaptive evolution in the introduced supercolonies despite low genetic diversity
Authors: Holmberg Ida , Paviala Jenni , Pedersen Jes Søe , Helanterä Heikki , Viljakainen Lumi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Argentine ant (Linepithema humile), native to South America, has spread globally over the past 150 years, forming extremely large supercolonies in its introduced range. For example, the European Main supercolony spans over 6,000 km along the Mediterranean coastline. Despite the recent demographic history, including founder effects, Argentine ants thrive in the introduced range and displace native ant species. We took a comprehensive approach to investigate this highly invasive species’ recent demographic history and genome evolution, primarily focusing on introduced supercolonies. We used pooled whole genome sequence data of 100 workers from the species native range and each of the three invasive supercolonies – European Main, Catalonia, and Chile. Invasive supercolonies were highly differentiated from each other and harboured low genetic diversity. Despite this, we could detect signs of positive selection in their genomes – both supercolony-specific and shared patterns. Positively selected genes overlapped the most across invasive supercolonies, indicating altered and shared selective pressure in new habitats. These included, e.g., genes implicated in neurobiological functions. Moreover, we found balancing selection, both supercolony-specific and shared patterns, including many chemical signalling genes. We conclude that introduced Argentine ant supercolonies evolve adaptively, indicating that founder effects and low genetic diversity do not always hamper adaptability.