bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cdc23/Mcm10 Primase Generates the Lagging Strand-Specific Ribonucleotide Imprint in Fission Yeast
Authors: Singh Balveer , Bisht Kamlesh K , Upadhyay Udita , Kushwaha Avinash Chandra , Nanda Jagpreet Singh , Srivastava Suchita , Klar Amar J.S. , Singh Jagmohan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe developmental asymmetry of fission yeast daughter cells derives from inheriting “older Watson” versus “older Crick” DNA strand from the parental cell, strands that are complementary but not identical with each other. A novel DNA strand-specific “imprint”, installed during DNA replication at the mating-type locus (mat1), imparts competence for cell type inter-conversion to one of the two chromosome replicas. The biochemical nature of the imprint and the mechanism of its installation are still not understood. The catalytic subunit of DNA Polymerase α (Polα) has been implicated in the imprinting process. Based on its known biochemical function, Polα might install themat1imprint during lagging strand synthesis. The nature of the imprint is not clear: it is either a nick or a ribonucleotide insertion. Our investigations do not support a role of Polα in nicking through putative endonuclease domains but confirm its role in installing an alkali-labile moiety as the imprint. A detailed genetic and molecular analysis reveals a direct role of the Cdc23/Mcm10 primase activity in installing the imprint in cooperation with Polα and Swi1.
Single cell analysis of quiescent HIV infection reveals host transcriptional profiles that regulate proviral latency
Authors: Bradley Todd , Ferrari Guido , Haynes Barton F , Margolis David M , Browne Edward P 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe latent HIV reservoir is diverse, but most studies of HIV latency have used bulk cell assays. Here we characterized cell line and primary cell models of HIV latency with single cell qPCR (sc-qPCR) for viral RNA (vRNA), and single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq). sc-qPCR revealed distinct populations of cells transcribing vRNA across a wide range of levels. Strikingly, scRNAseq of latently infected primary cells revealed a relationship between vRNA levels and the transcriptomic profiles within the population. Cells with the greatest level of HIV silencing expressed a specific set of host genes including markers of central memory T cells. By contrast, latently infected cells with higher levels of HIV transcription expressed markers of activated and effector T cells. These data reveal that heterogeneous behaviors of HIV proviruses within the latent reservoir are influenced by the host cell transcriptional program. Therapeutic modulation of these programs may reverse or enforce HIV latency.
Single-Cell RNA-seq Reveals a Subpopulation of Cells Underlying β Cell Expansion in the Postnatal Islets
Authors: Zhang Jingli A. , Gu Chunyan , Smith Derek K. , Beltran Monica K. , Kljavin Noelyn , Ngu Hai , Suriben Rowena , Stinson Jeremy , Modrusan Zora , Peterson Andrew S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPancreatic β cells undergo significant expansion and maturation during human and rodent postnatal development. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to characterize gene expression patterns at various stages of mouse islet cell development and uncovered a population of cells that is most abundant during the early postnatal period. This cell population lacks expression of FLTP and expresses PDGF receptors. Each of these conditions have previously been associated with proliferative capacity in β cells suggesting that we have identified the proliferative competent of β cell mass expansion. The subpopulation co-express many endocrine lineage-specific genes and exhibits a downregulation of genes associated with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and global protein synthesis. It has upregulated activity of genes in the Wnt, Hippo, PDGF, and Notch pathways and has a significantly higher proliferation potential than the more mature β population. We show that activity of the Notch pathway is required in postnatal β cell expansion where it serves to maintain an undifferentiated endocrine state in the polyhormonal cell population. Collectively, our study identifies a proliferative, progenitor-like cell subpopulation in the postnatal islet as the source of postnatal β cell expansion.
Policy to encourage the development of antimicrobials
Authors: Chit Ayman , Grootendorst Paul 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Antimicrobial resistance is a public health threat even in countries exercising aggressive antimicrobial stewardship. A market failure is also causing lackluster innovation in antimicrobial medicines development. At the heart of the issue are antimicrobial stewardship guidelines that, rightfully, reserve innovative antimicrobials for emergency situations that arise due to multidrug-resistant organisms. This suppresses revenues and research and development (R&D) investment incentives of manufacturers. The public policy makers and researchers have taken aim at the problem. The researchers have published strategies to encourage the production of innovative antimicrobials, while policy makers have taken legislative steps to address the issue. Most notably, the USA enacted the Generating Antibiotic Incentives Now (GAIN) act in 2012 and the EU created a commission to formally study possible policy solutions. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the authors describe incentives that drive pharmaceutical R&D and review the impact of a number of R&D stimulus policies in other pharmaceutical markets. The authors also discuss which policy levers are useful to boost R&D of new antimicrobials.

Findings
The authors find that a policy focused on extending intellectual property rights, as implemented in the GAIN act, are unlikely to be impactful. Instead, the authors see a need for the revision of the procurement policy to move away from paying per prescription and toward licenses and advanced market commitment models. Further, the authors note that the importance of steadfast public investment in basic biomedical research as it has been repeatedly shown to boost innovation.

Originality/value
The authors hope that the work can support the refinement of the GAIN act and the EU efforts.
Proposed framework for estimating effort in design projects
Authors: Benedetto Henrique , Bernardes Maurício Moreira e Silva , Vieira Darli 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework to assist in the estimation of effort for projects in the field of design. The study first seeks supporting material to outline an understanding of how design professionals have access to time estimation information for quoting their projects.

Design/methodology/approach
The work was based on in-depth interviews conducted with 13 professionals from various design sectors that focused on understanding important elements of the project quotation process. Content analysis was performed on the information provided, and four dimensions were identified. A framework that included these dimensions was designed and validated using a focus group composed of professionals involved in project quotation. The framework includes the generation of a project network structure; identifying tasks and their duration for each design activity; and the ways in which this information remains updated and evolves through the incorporation of dynamic systems concepts.

Findings
The results of this study will be the production of an external knowledge base that designers can use as a basis for performing their profession.

Originality/value
This study is relevant because there is no information source that addresses tasks and associated durations on which design professionals can rely for the development of quotations.
Allocating human resources to projects and services in dynamic project environments
Authors: Momeni Khadijeh , Martinsuo Miia Maarit 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Resource allocation is challenged by dynamic environments where changes are frequent. The purpose of this paper is to identify resource allocation challenges and practices in service units that perform both project and non-project activities in dynamic environments. Its goal is to show that top-down mechanisms of project resource allocation need to be replaced by or supplemented with mechanisms that are more flexible.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative comparative case study was conducted in two service units of two project-based firms. The main source of data consisted of semi-structured interviews with 17 service managers and staff members.

Findings
This study shows that resource allocation is not necessarily a top-down process at all, and the practices are context-dependent. Two more flexible approaches are revealed – hybrid resource allocation and bottom-up resource allocation – as examples of managing resource allocation in service units that engage in projects under uncertain conditions. The results of the analysis highlight prioritisation and adapting to change and delay as the main issues that managers face in allocating resources to different types of projects and service activities in dynamic environments.

Research limitations/implications
The two target companies chosen for the qualitative research design limit the analysis to project-based firms in a business-to-business context. Further, the viewpoint of the service unit is central to the study. Studying project resource allocation in different organisational contexts and uncovering the perspectives of product development and delivery units would offer promising directions for future research.

Practical implications
The study reveals that in dynamic project settings such as service organisations, top-down mechanisms of resource allocation need to be accompanied by other, more flexible approaches to ensure the sufficient resourcing of projects and related services in dynamic environments. Companies need to establish practices for resource allocation changes that are caused by re-prioritising tasks and accommodating changes and delays in their project and service activities.

Originality/value
Compared to a top-down perspective taken in previous research, the study proposes a more flexible approach for resource allocation in constantly changing environments with different project and service activities. Previous studies have focussed on resource competition between projects, placing project managers in the central role for resource allocation. By contrast, this study discusses hybrid and bottom-up resource allocation, both of which involve broader personnel engagement in resource allocation tasks, drawing on the experience of all employees.
Sew or purchase? Home sewer consumer decision process
Authors: Martindale Addie , McKinney Ellen 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore garment consumption decision processes of female consumers when they have the option to sew or purchase their clothing.

Design/methodology/approach
This research study presents a segment of the findings from a larger qualitative grounded theory study on women who choose to sew clothing for themselves (Martindale, 2017). This research analyzed the interview data pertaining to the unique sew or purchase decision-making process in which these consumers undertake as well as the related control over ready-to-wear consumption that sewing provides them.

Findings
The ability to sew resulted in a unique consumer decision-making process in regard to the clothing purchases due to the control it provided them over their ready-to-wear consumption. The women developed factors that they used to make the decision to sew or purchase. Over all the ability to sew provided them the option to sew or purchase clothing, allowing the women more control over their clothing selection specifically in regard to the garments body fit.

Research limitations/implications
This study was limited to English-speaking women living in the North America. The qualitative data collected are specific to this sample which cannot be generalized to all female home sewers. Research involving a larger population of women from a larger geographic area is needed.

Practical implications
The newly developed sew or purchase model provides an understanding of the control that having the option to sew or purchase provides female consumers. The findings offer apparel industry professionals a new perspective on ready-to-wear consumer dissatisfaction. The investment that is made when a garment is sewn instead of purchased has the potential to increase wardrobe sustainability as the consumer experiences more attachment to the clothing they have made. The model serves a starting point for further exploration into other craft-related consumer decision behaviors.

Originality/value
Purchasing decisions of this nature have yet to be considered in published research. Exploring these women’s decisions who operate outside of typical consumer culture and developing a model for this consumer behavior explains a phenomenon not yet addressed by existing consumer consumption research.
Determinants of interest rate in emerging markets
Authors: Tumwine Sulait , Sejjaaka Samuel , Bbaale Edward , Kamukama Nixon 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of interest rate in emerging markets, focusing on banking financial institutions in Uganda.Design/methodology/approachUsing the net interest margin model, interest rate was estimated by applying a panel random effects regression method on 24 banks, while controlling for bank-specific factors, industry and macroeconomic indicators. Data were drawn from annual reports provided by Bank of Uganda Depository Corporation survey from 2008 to 2016.FindingsThe results indicate that liquidity, equity capital, market power and reserve requirement have a positive effect on interest rate. The study further finds that operational efficiency, lending out ratio, concentration, public sector borrowing and private sector credit have a negative effect on interest rate. However, credit risk does not influence interest rate.Research limitations/implicationsStudied banks are grouped in one panel data set; future studies would focus on the differences in banks and establish how these differences affect interest rate. Future study would also focus on how the determinants of interest rate in Uganda are compared with those of other banks in other emerging market countries.Practical implicationsBank managers need to take interest in equity mobilization because it is a reliable and cheaper source of funding bank operations. Banks should emphasize efficient operations to reduce on the cost of doing business. Government should utilize funds borrowed from banks in efficient ways to improve economic growth. The central bank should minimize the use of reserve requirement as a means of controlling money in circulation.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that uses annual report data from several banks and periods to investigate the determinants of interest rate in an emerging country.
Pilot study on the correlation between dermoscopic patterns and fluorescence in situ hybridization findings using whole‐slide digital imaging for acral volar melanocytic lesions
Authors: Ogata Dai , Arai Eiichi , Goto Yoshiya , Tsuchida Tetsuya 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDermoscopic evaluation of acral volar skin is helpful in differentiating malignant melanomas (MM) from benign melanocytic nevi. However, histological diagnosis remains difficult because sufficient evidence of histopathological changes to establish a diagnosis of MM are not easily obtained. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effective use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of acral volar melanocytic lesions, and to determine whether acral volar melanocytic lesions show characteristic molecular biological features of malignant melanoma via FISH. We classified acral volar melanocytic lesions showing junctional findings into three groups: (A) parallel ridge pattern (PRP) on dermoscopic examination with melanoma in situ; (B) PRP with insufficient melanocyte proliferation and atypia to diagnose malignant melanoma using hematoxylin–eosin staining; and (C) junctional nevi. We performed FISH analysis using the same tissue section that was used for hematoxylin–eosin staining. FISH positivity was seen in 80% (4/5) of the group A sections, and in 80% (4/5) of the group B sections. One case in group C was only 0.3% over the established criteria line (63.3% > 63% in RREB1). Our results suggest that FISH using whole‐slide digital imaging may be useful in the diagnosis of early in situ MM when a typical PRP is observed in an acral volar skin lesion with non‐diagnostic histopathology.
Dualities of dementia illness narratives and their role in a narrative economy
Authors: Hillman Alexandra , Jones Ian Rees , Quinn Catherine , M. Nelis Sharon , Clare Linda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe concept of ‘narrative economies’ has recently been proposed as a set of exchange relationships that, through biography and story‐telling, facilitate access to resources and act as a source of value. We utilise this concept to inform our analysis of 18 qualitative interviews with five people with dementia and four informal carers. Our participants are members of a pre‐existing group of dementia advocates, representing the voices of those living with the condition. There are a growing number of people in the early stages of dementia – like our participants – being called upon to account for their experience, as a means of developing a politicised ‘collective illness identity’. These interviews present an opportunity to study a group of people who are actively involved in speaking as, and for, people with dementia. Four themes emerged from the data: becoming a voice of or for people with dementia; biographical reinforcement; responsibilisation; and resistance. These themes illustrate the ways in which people with dementia participate in their own identity construction and, as representatives of those living with dementia, they also illustrate the ways in which illness narratives produce material and symbolic value.
Other‐than‐humans and the remaking of the social
Authors: Glaskin Katie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article takes its starting‐point from an elderly Bardi woman's observation that elders ‘used to frighten’ younger generations with stories about various spirit beings. The beings she referred to are a group of malevolent beings inhabiting particular locations in her country, located in the northwest Kimberley region of Western Australia. Beginning with her observation that this is something that ‘used’ to happen, I consider the relationship between persons and different kinds of spirit beings amidst historical impetus for change. Political, economic, ecological, technological, and other impacts have occurred within the shifting context of progressive engagements with Western colonialism, capitalism, and the market economy, with implications for local ontologies. I suggest that these spirit beings are becoming less differentiated and consider the implications of this in terms of personhood and the constitution of the social, arguing that the disappearance of some of these beings is suggestive of a contraction of temporal and spatial extensions of personhood, with implications for relations with country.
Our Lady of Ipswich: devotion, dissonance, and the agitation of memory at a forgotten pilgrimage site
Authors: Irvine Richard D.G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article traces the social life of Our Lady of Ipswich, a statue taken to be destroyed during the English Reformation, and the possibility of pilgrimage in the context of dramatic urban change and loss of place memory. Arguing that iconoclasm is not an end‐point, we see that the life of the image is not extinguished on the pyre, but is set into motion by conflict surrounding its significance, efficacy, and survival. Indeed, it is not simply the act of iconoclasm that animates the statue; rather, such agonistic animation is an ongoing process which involves both those who reject and those who are devoted to the image. My argument is that the potency of contemporary images of Our Lady of Ipswich relies on an active cultivation of dissonance: the consciousness of religious schism; the disjuncture between Ipswich's historical importance and the perceived failures of twentieth‐century development; and the juxtaposition between devotional pilgrimage destination and disenchanted shopping space.
The Act of Answering Questions Elicited Differentiated Responses in a Concealed Information Test
Authors: Otsuka Takuro , Mizutani Mitsuyoshi , Yagi Akihiro , Katayama Jun'ichi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe concealed information test (CIT), a psychophysiological detection of deception test, compares physiological responses between crime‐related and crime‐unrelated items. In previous studies, whether the act of answering questions affected physiological responses was unclear. This study examined effects of both question‐related and answer‐related processes on physiological responses. Twenty participants received a modified CIT, in which the interval between presentation of questions and answering them was 27 s. Differentiated respiratory movements and cardiovascular responses between items were observed for both questions (items) and answers, while differentiated skin conductance response was observed only for questions. These results suggest that physiological responses to questions reflected orientation to a crime‐related item, while physiological responses during answering reflected inhibition of psychological arousal caused by orienting. Regarding the CIT's accuracy, participants’ perception of the questions themselves more strongly influenced physiological responses than answering them.
MICB*002 and MICB*014 protect against rheumatoid arthritis, whereas MICA*009 and MICA*A6 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a Hainan Han Chinese population
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Sangsang , Chen Chunjing , Luo Qizhi , Li Yu , Liu Limin , Fu Xiaoling , Yu Ping , Wang Fuyan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimRheumatoid arthritis (RA) as an inflammatory autoimmune disease affects the synovial joints as well as other organs and tissues. Since aberrant expression of MIC molecules has been observed in RA patient, MIC genotypes might play certain roles in the development of RA.MethodTo explore the association of MICA and MICB polymorphisms with RA in a Han Chinese population in Hainan Island, samples from 172 RA and 137 healthy controls were genotyped for MICA and MICB.ResultsOur results indicated that MICB*002 and MICB*014 were less frequent in RA patients than in controls (P = 0.000, 0.005) while there were higher percentages of RA patients carrying MICA*009 and MICA*A6 (P = 0.005).ConclusionDifferent MIC variants might modulate the autoimmune reaction differently in RA disease and therefore serve as protective or risk factors.