bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antistatic packaging of carbon black on plastizers biodegradable polylactic acid nanocomposites
Authors: Jaseem Saif M. , Ali Nadia A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable aliphatic polymer obtained from renewable sources; its main application is in the packaging sector. Electronic components require the use of antistatic packaging that prevents damage and electric shock. As PLA has no conductive characteristics, it requires the addition of conductive carbon black to make the polymer less resistive as the dissipative material and making it suitable for the manufacture of antistatic packaging. In this study plasticizer PLA was prepared by solution casting method with plasticizer thymol at (95/5) and carbon black at 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt %. Samples were characterized by FTIR, Tensile Strength, Tear Resistance, Hardness, electrical conductivity, color and brightness, contact angle, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The addition of carbon black in the plasticizer PLA increases the electrical conductivity of PLA and less resistive that suitable for use as antistatic packaging for the transportation and storage of electronic components. Mechanical tests show reduced the tensile strength and tensile modulus but increased in elongation, Tear Resistance but decreased in hardness because used thymol as plasticizers at PLA/thymol (95/5) and films composites change from brittle to ductile. The results of contact angle of pure PLA is 83° that mean hydrophobic materials and decreased to 45° at PLA/thymol/carbon black to obtain hydrophilic materials that able to dissipate or promote the decay of static electricity and improve process ability of electronic device. Optical such as Color and Brightness show that Transparency decreased but suitable for antistatic packaging and became opacity at 10% carbon black. The addition of carbon black in the PLA increases the thermal stability of nanocomposites.
Estimating snow cover area in south of Turkey using the Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) form MODIS Satellite Images
Authors: Abdulkadhim Adnan H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Snow and Ice–cover area information is important for a wide variety of scientific climate studies, water source and management applications. The NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite, provides improved capabilities to observe snow-ice coverarea from space and has been successfully using a Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) methodes, This technique is the same procedure for the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), along with threshold tests, to provide global, automated binary maps of snow cover. The NDSI is a spectral band ratio that takes advantage of the spectral differences of snow in short-wave infrared and visible. MODIS spectral bands to identify snow versus other features in a scene. This methodes has evaluated whether there is a “signal” in the NDSI that could be used to estimate the area of snow satellite images within a 500 m MODIS pixel, the percentage of snow cover was calculated for 500 m cells. Snow cover area in the head water sourse of the rivers can be useful to estimating the amount and the quantity of the water for the rivers. The south of Turkey area have the basin of the two rivers (Tigris and Euphrates). The main fresh water sorce to Syria and Iraq.
Effect of Temperature on Drilling Mud
Authors: Allawi Raed H. , Najem Mohammed A. , Sagger Mohammed A. , Abd Sajjad M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The main functions of drilling fluids include providing hydrostatic pressure to prevent formation fluids from entering into the well bore, cooling drilling bit, cleaning borehole while drilling and Stability of borehole. While drilling, the drilling mud transport drilling cuttings to surface and suspending the cuttings while drilling stop. There are many factors that effect on drilling mud, including the borehole temperature. Therefore, with increasing in drilling depth the wellbore temperature increases that effect on drilling mud properties (viscosity include yield point (YP) and plastic viscosity (PV)). This experimental work conducted at rig IDC 41, NS-39 in the Nasiriyah oil field by using real field data. The devices for this work are fan V-G meter (Model 286), heat source and temperature measurement (IR Thermometer).In this experiment using two types of drilling mud density (1.35 gm/cc and 1.21 gm/cc), with increasing temperature the value of PV and YP increase. Also, YP/PV ratio increasing means more drilling cuttings transport.
Effect of Composition on The Structural, Morphology, and Optical Properties of AgSb(SxSe1-x)2Thin Films
Authors: Issa Hiba H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Quenching method was used to prepare alloys of the AgSb(SxSe1-x)2 quaternary compound with different sulfur content. AgSb(SxSe1-x)2 thin films with different sulfur concentration were prepared at room temperature 303K on glass substrate using pulsed laser deposition under vacuum of 10−2 bar, thickness of ∼100nm. The structure of the prepared alloys and thin films were examined by x-ray diffraction. The results declared that all the prepared compounds have polycrystalline with cubic structure whereas the deposited AgSb (SxSe1-x)2 thin films were amorphous. Atomic Force Microscopy revealed that the average grain size decreases while roughness exhibit to increase in non-regular manner with the increase of sulfur concentration. The absorbance and the transmittance were provided from- visible spectrophotometer measurements in the wavelength range (300-1100nm). The results showed that the prepared thin films have indirect allowed band gap which showed absorbable increase with the increase of sulphur content, indeed the optical energy gap increase from 1.1 to 1.7 eV with the increase of sulphur content while all the optical constants (the refractive index n, the extinction coefficient k and real and imaginary parts of dielectric constants εr, εi all declared reduction with the increase of sulfur concentration.
NiO Thin Layers Prepared via Computerized Spraying System
Authors: Sh. Essa Mohammed , Chiad Bahaa T. , Hadi Zaid L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Spray pyrolysis technique was employed for depositing Nickel oxide thin films onto glass substrates at 350±10 °C. An aqueous solution of NiCl2.4[H2O] within 0.01 M used for spraying. XRD examination revealed polycrystalline cubic phase of NiO thin films. The crystallinity growth along (111), (200), and (202) planes at 2θ = 37.28°, 43.29°, and 62.91°, respectively. AFM was examined and showed low roughness in the selected area. Thickness was calculated using Fizeau Fringes interferometric method that found around 175 nm. FTIR investigation endorses the vibration mode of the Ni-O bond. The absorption investigation was carried out in the range 350-750 nm, and the energy band gap was found to be about 3.68 eV. The microscopic imaging showed an adequate surface morphology with fine distribution of coating on the substrate.
Examination the properties of doped copper oxide by silver: prepared chemical method
Authors: Mossa Umran Nibras , Mustafa Abdul Majeed Aseel , subhi sultan zahraa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCopper oxide (CuO) have been formed by using simple chemical method, as Apure, and Ag doped copper oxide in different concentrations. Which examined the characterization by X-ray diffraction, and FTIR. The X.ray analysis detected that the three samples have poly crystalline structure, and FTIR revealed the compounds after doping wee homogenous.
Conventional optical Tamm states in opal-like photonic crystal with flat-corrugated metal layer
Authors: Koryukin A V , Chukhnova E Y , Valitova A F , Salakhov M Kh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present an investigation to ascertain influence of structure metal layer in hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystal (HPPC) to formation of optical Tamm states. Transmission peak of photonic bandgap has appearance in transmittance spectrum of one dimensional photonic crystals in a result of Tamm plasmon exciting in both polarizations of light. Three-dimensional opal-like HPPC structures have unconvetional optical Tamm states. The transmission peak do not observe at the wavelengths of the photonic bandgap at transmittance spectrum. We study the condition of excitation of convetional optical Tamm states in opal-like photonic crystal with flat-corrugated gold layer. We also compare optical properties of this structure and opal-like photonic crystal with corrugated gold layer.
Luminescence properties of YVO4:Yb,Er nanoparticles dispersed in water
Authors: Zharkov D K , Shmelev A G , Leontyev A V , Nikiforov V G , Lyadov N M , Lobkov V S , Samartsev V V , Saiko A P , Hemmer P R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We have synthesized YVO4: Yb, Er nanoparticles in the size range of 100-500 nm, which form aqueous colloidal solutions and are luminescent when excited by femtosecond light pulses at a wavelength of 263 nm. It was established that the luminescence occurs due to the emission of Er3+ ions in characteristic spectral lines at 525 nm and 550 nm. However, an effective quenching channel for metastable levels of Er3+ ions is evident, so that the characteristic luminescence line of Er3+ ions in the 660 nm region is absent. We associate this quenching channel with a large concentration of lattice defects with possible localization of high-frequency quenchers.
On the size of orbits in the duals of 𝐶*-algebras and convolution algebras
Authors: Neufang Matthias 
Published: July 2019

We solve an open problem raised in [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 366 (2014), pp.4151–4171] concerning (infinite-dimensional) commutative semisimple Banach algebras

A

\mathcal {A}

with a bounded approximate identity, namely, whether there always exists a functional

f
∈

A

∗

f \in \mathcal {A}^*

such that the orbit subspace

A

∗
∗

◻

f

\mathcal {A}^{**} \Box f

of

A

∗

\mathcal {A}^*

is

w
∗

w^*

-closed and infinite-dimensional. Indeed, on the one hand, we show that no commutative

C
∗

C^*

-algebra shares this property. On the other hand, we prove that the answer is positive, in a strong sense, in the case of convolution algebras

A

=

L
1

(

G

)

\mathcal {A} = L_1(\mathcal {G})

, for large classes of locally compact groups

G

\mathcal {G}

(commutativity is not needed): there exists

f
∈

A

∗

f \in \mathcal {A}^*

with maximal orbit, in fact,

f
f

satisfies

B
a
l
l

(

A

∗

)
=

B
a
l
l

(

A

∗
∗

)

◻

f

\mathrm {Ball} (\mathcal {A}^*) = \mathrm {Ball}(\mathcal {A}^{**}) \Box f

. Moreover, as we shall see, the latter property links the size of orbits to Arens irregularity.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Community-acquired Pneumonia in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals in a High-income Setting
Authors: Garcia Garrido Hannah M , Mak Anne M R , Wit Ferdinand W N M , Wong Gino W M , Knol Mirjam J , Vollaard Albert , Tanck Michael W T , Van Der Ende Arie , Grobusch Martin P , Goorhuis Abraham 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Although people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), it is unclear whether this remains the case in the setting of early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), at high CD4 cell counts. This is important, as pneumococcal vaccination coverage in PLWH is low in Europe and the United States, despite longstanding international recommendations.

Methods
We identified all CAP and IPD cases between 2008 and 2017 in a cohort of PLWH in a Dutch HIV referral center. We calculated incidence rates stratified by CD4 count and cART status and conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for CAP in PLWH receiving cART.

Results
Incidence rates of IPD and CAP in PLWH were 111 and 1529 per 100 000 patient-years of follow-up (PYFU). Although IPD and CAP occurred more frequently in patients with CD4 counts &lt;500 cells/μL (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 6.1 [95% confidence interval, 2.2–17] and IRR, 2.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.9–3.0]), the incidence rate in patients with CD4 counts &gt;500 cells/μL remained higher compared with the general population (946 vs 188 per 100 000 PYFU). All IPD isolates were vaccine serotypes. Risk factors for CAP were older age, CD4 counts &lt;500 cells/μL, smoking, drug use, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Conclusions
The incidence of IPD and CAP among PLWH remains higher compared with the general population, even in those who are virally suppressed and have high CD4 counts. With all serotyped IPD isolates covered by pneumococcal vaccines, our study provides additional argumentation against the poor current adherence to international recommendations to vaccinate PLWH.
Estimating Monitoring Trap Plume Reach and Trapping Area for Nymphal and Adult Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Crop and Non-crop Habitats
Authors: Kirkpatrick Danielle M , Acebes-Doria Angelita L , Rice Kevin B , Short Brent D , Adams Christopher G , Gut Larry J , Leskey Tracy C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the brown marmorated stink bug, is an invasive polyphagous insect that can cause serious economic injury to specialty and row crops in the United States and globally. To date, H. halys has been managed with repeated insecticide applications. While progress has been made toward development of trap-based monitoring tools to guide management decisions, little is known regarding the trapping area over which a single pheromone-baited trap captures H. halys. We conducted single trap, multiple distance mark-release-recapture experiments; results were used to estimate trapping area for nymphs and adults in sites without host plants present (open field) and for adults in sites with host plants present (apple orchard). Plume reach for pheromone-baited sticky traps was consistently estimated to be <3 m. Maximum dispersive distance in an open field devoid of host plants was estimated to be 40 m for nymphs and 120–130 m for adults resulting in trapping areas of 0.58 ha and 4.83–5.56 ha, respectively. When traps were deployed in association with host plants within the border row of an apple orchard, adult maximum dispersive distance and trapping area was reduced to 70 m and 1.67 ha, respectively. These results indicate that the behavioral response of H. halys to pheromonal stimuli is influenced by the presence of host plants and that trapping area for pheromone-baited traps will likely change relative to the cropping system in which it is deployed. Caution should be taken when extrapolating these results, because the measured values may differ in other crop systems.
Metastriate Ixodid Life Stages Protected from Predatory Ants in Texas
Authors: Showler Allan T , Osbrink Weste L A , Dorsey Bailee N , Caesar Ryan M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Multiple predatory ant species, including the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), have been reported to attack ixodids (Ixodida: Ixodidae), but evidence has largely been circumstantial. When living lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae), eggs, and unfed and blood-engorged larvae, nymphs, and adults were deployed on bait transects with hot dog slices and dead house flies, Musca domestica L., in West, Central, and South Texas. The various ixodid life stages were not attacked while ants were strongly recruited to the hot dog and M. domestica baits. Similarly, when the same ixodid life stages and other baits were placed adjacent to colonies of two ant species (red harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex barbatus (Smith) and the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren) the ixodids were not preyed upon while hot dog slices and dead M. domestica were immediately attacked. Some ant species dragged blood-engorged adult ixodids and eggs away from the colony entrance, where they were originally placed, and discarded them. Evidence and mechanisms for allomone-based ant deterrence in the genera Amblyomma, Dermacentor, and Rhipicephalus (metastriate ixodids) are discussed. Protection of ixodids from predatory ants helps to explain why metastriate ixodids remain problematic worldwide despite the presence of predaceous ants.
Community succession in an anaerobic long-chain paraffin-degrading consortium and impact on chemical and electrical microbially influenced iron corrosion
Authors: Liang Renxing , Davidova Irene , Hirano Shin-ichi , Duncan Kathleen E , Suflita Joseph M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Community compositional changes and the corrosion of carbon steel in the presence of different electron donor and acceptor combinations were examined with a methanogenic consortium enriched for its ability to mineralize paraffins. Despite cultivation in the absence of sulfate, metagenomic analysis revealed the persistence of several sulfate-reducing bacterial taxa. Upon sulfate amendment, the consortium was able to couple C28H58 biodegradation with sulfate reduction. Comparative analysis suggested that Desulforhabdus and/or Desulfovibrio likely supplanted methanogens as syntrophic partners needed for C28H58 mineralization. Further enrichment in the absence of a paraffin revealed that the consortium could also utilize carbon steel as a source of electrons. The severity of both general and localized corrosion increased in the presence of sulfate, regardless of the electron donor utilized. With carbon steel as an electron donor, Desulfobulbus dominated in the consortium and electrons from iron accounted for ∼92% of that required for sulfate reduction. An isolated Desulfovibrio spp. was able to extract electrons from iron and accelerate corrosion. Thus, hydrogenotrophic partner microorganisms required for syntrophic paraffin metabolism can be readily substituted depending on the availability of an external electron acceptor and a single paraffin-degrading consortium harbored microbes capable of both chemical and electrical microbially influenced iron corrosion.
Superintegrability of Generalized Toda Models on Symmetric Spaces
Authors: Reshetikhin Nicolai , Schrader Gus 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper we prove superintegrability of Hamiltonian systems generated by functions on $K\backslash G/K$, restricted to a symplectic leaf of the Poisson variety $G/K$, where $G$ is a simple Lie group with the standard Poisson Lie structure, and $K$ is its subgroup of fixed points with respect to the Cartan involution.
Characterizing communication patterns among members of the clinical care team to deliver breast cancer treatment
Authors: Steitz Bryan D , Unertl Kim M , Levy Mia A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
Research to date focused on quantifying team collaboration has relied on identifying shared patients but does not incorporate the major role of communication patterns. The goal of this study was to describe the patterns and volume of communication among care team members involved in treating breast cancer patients.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed 4 years of communications data from the electronic health record between care team members at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC). Our cohort of patients diagnosed with breast cancer was identified using the VUMC tumor registry. We classified each care team member participating in electronic messaging by their institutional role and classified physicians by specialty. To identify collaborative patterns, we modeled the data as a social network.

Results
Our cohort of 1181 patients was the subject of 322 424 messages sent in 104 210 unique communication threads by 5620 employees. On average, each patient was the subject of 88.2 message threads involving 106.4 employees. Each employee, on average, sent 72.9 messages and was connected to 24.6 collaborators. Nurses and physicians were involved in 98% and 44% of all message threads, respectively.

Discussion and Conclusion
Our results suggest that many providers in our study may experience a high volume of messaging work. By using data routinely generated through interaction with the electronic health record, we can begin to evaluate how to iteratively implement and assess initiatives to improve the efficiency of care coordination and reduce unnecessary messaging work across all care team roles.
Opportunities for addressing gaps in primary care shared decision-making with technology: a mixed-methods needs assessment
Authors: Misra Anjali J , Ong Shawn Y , Gokhale Arjun , Khan Sameer , Melnick Edward R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To analyze current practices in shared decision-making (SDM) in primary care and perform a needs assessment for the role of information technology (IT) interventions.

Materials and Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted in three phases: (1) ethnographic observation of clinical encounters, (2) patient interviews, and (3) physician interviews. SDM was measured using the validated OPTION scale. Semistructured interviews followed an interview guide (developed by our multidisciplinary team) informed by the Traditional Decision Conflict Scale and Shared Decision Making Questionnaire. Field notes were independently coded and analyzed by two reviewers in Dedoose.

Results
Twenty-four patient encounters were observed in 3 diverse practices with an average OPTION score of 57.2 (0–100 scale; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51.8–62.6). Twenty-two patient and 8 physician interviews were conducted until thematic saturation was achieved. Cohen’s kappa, measuring coder agreement, was 0.42. Patient domains were: establishing trust, influence of others, flexibility, frustrations, values, and preferences. Physician domains included frustrations, technology (concerns, existing use, and desires), and decision making (current methods used, challenges, and patients’ understanding).

Discussion
Given low SDM observed, multiple opportunities for technology to enhance SDM exist based on specific OPTION items that received lower scores, including: (1) checking the patient’s preferred information format, (2) asking the patient's preferred level of involvement in decision making, and (3) providing an opportunity for deferring a decision. Based on data from interviews, patients and physicians value information exchange and are open to technologies that enhance communication of care options.

Conclusion
Future primary care IT platforms should prioritize the 3 quantitative gaps identified to improve physician–patient communication and relationships. Additionally, SDM tools should seek to standardize common workflow steps across decisions and focus on barriers to increasing adoption of effective SDM tools into routine primary care.