bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ΔFosB Requires Galanin, but not Leptin, to Increase Bone Mass via the Hypothalamus, but both are needed to increase Energy expenditure
Authors: Idelevich Anna , Sato Kazusa , Nagano Kenichi , Rowe Glenn , Gori Francesca , Baron Roland 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Energy metabolism and bone homeostasis share several regulatory pathways. The AP1 transcription factor ΔFosB and leptin both regulate energy metabolism and bone, yet whether their pathways intersect is not known. Transgenic mice overexpressing ΔFosB under the control of the Enolase 2 (ENO2) promoter exhibit high bone mass, high energy expenditure, low fat mass, and low circulating leptin levels. Because leptin is a regulator of bone and ΔFosB acts on leptin-responsive ventral hypothalamic (VHT) neurons to induce bone anabolism, we hypothesized that regulation of leptin may contribute to the central actions of ΔFosB in the VHT. To address this question, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) expression of ΔFosB in the VHT of leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and genetic crossing of ENO2-ΔFosB with ob/ob mice. In both models, leptin deficiency prevented ΔFosB-triggered reduction in body weight, increase in energy expenditure, increase in glucose utilization, and reduction in pancreatic islet size. In contrast, leptin deficiency failed to prevent ΔFosB-triggered increase in bone mass. Unlike leptin deficiency, galanin deficiency blocked both the metabolic and the bone ΔFosB-induced effects. Overall, our data demonstrate that, while the catabolic energy metabolism effects of ΔFosB require intact leptin and galanin signaling, the bone mass–accruing effects of ΔFosB require galanin but are independent of leptin. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Retracted: A feed‐forward regulatory network lncPCAT1/miR‐106a‐5p/E2F5 regulates the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Jia Bo , Qiu Xiaoling , Chen Jun , Sun Xiang , Zheng Xianghuai , Zhao Jianjiang , Li Qin , Wang Zhiping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeriodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are characterized by multiple differentiation potential and potent self‐renewal ability, yet much remains to be elucidated that what determines these properties. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested to involve in multiple biological process under physiological and pathological conditions, including osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, we performed comprehensive lncRNA profiling by lncRNA microarray analysis and identified prostate cancer‐associated ncRNA transcript‐1 (lncPCAT1) was gradually increased in PDLSCs during consecutive osteogenic induction, and it could further positively regulate the osteogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, whereas lncPCAT1 inhibition led to suppressed osteogenic differentiation. Thereafter, we inferred a predicted interaction between lncPCAT1 and miR‐106a‐5p and then confirmed the direct binding sites of miR‐106a‐5p on lncPCAT1. Although miR‐106a‐5p upregulation led to decreased osteogenic differentiation, lncPCAT1 overexpression could reverse its suppression, indicating that lncPCAT1 act as a competing endogenous RNA for miR‐106a‐5p. Moreover, lncPCAT1 could sponge miR‐106a‐5p to upregulate miR‐106a‐5p‐targeted gene BMP2, which was a crucial gene involved in osteogenic differentiation. Interestingly, we found that E2F5, another target of miR‐106a‐5p, could bind to the promoter of lncPCAT1 and then form a feed‐forward regulatory network targeting BMP2. In conclusion, our study provided a novel lncRNA‐miRNA feed‐forward regulatory network and a promising target to modulate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs.
Protein kinase D1 inhibition interferes with mitosis progression
Authors: Martínez-León Eduardo , Amable Gastón , Jácamo Rodrigo , Picco María Elisa , Anaya Laura , Rozengurt Enrique , Rey Osvaldo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProtein kinase D1 (PKD1) plays a vital role in signal transduction, cell proliferation, membrane trafficking, and cancer; however, the majority of the studies up to date had centered primarily on PKD1 functions in interphase, very little is known about its role during cell division. We previously demonstrated that during mitosis PKD1 is activated and associated with centrosomes, spindles, and midbodies. However, these observations did not address whether PKD1 was associated with mitosis regulation. Accordingly, we used rapidly acting PKD‐specific inhibitors to examine the contribution of PKD1 the sequence of events in mitosis. We found that although PKD1 overexpression did not affect mitosis progression, suppression of its catalytic activity by two structurally unrelated inhibitors (kb NB 142‐70 and CRT 0066101) induced a significant delay in metaphase to anaphase transition time. PKD1 inhibition during mitosis also produced the appearance of abnormal spindles, defects in chromosome alignment, and segregation as well as apoptosis. Thus, these observations indicate that PKD1 activity is associated with mitosis regulation.
Ketoacidosis in Euglycemic Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Segebrecht Ray , Moncure Michael , Bennett Ashley , Geehan Douglas , Van Way Charles W. , Weide Lamont 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis is defined as hyperglycemia >250 mg/dL with metabolic acidosis of arterial pH <7.3, serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L with positive urine and serum ketones and an anion gap >10. Euglycemic ketoacidosis has been reported in patients with type 2 diabetes and in patients with type 1 diabetes. However, as a surgical complication, euglycemic ketoacidosis has not been reported. We report 2 cases from 2 teaching tertiary care centers of patients with type 2 diabetes who developed high‐gap ketoacidosis in an intensive care unit while recovering from emergent abdominal surgery. Both patients developed altered mental status, metabolic acidosis with a bicarbonate level as low as 14 mEq/L, and an anion gap > 18, without hyperglycemia. Both patients had β‐hydroxybutyrate levels > 5 mmol/L.
Measuring near‐saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils by quasi unit‐gradient percolation—2. Application of the methodology
Authors: Sarkar Subharthi , Germer Kai , Maity Rajib , Durner Wolfgang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSarkar et al. (this issue) proposed a laboratory measurement method for obtaining the hydraulic conductivity of soil at near‐saturated moisture conditions, bridging the gap between measurements that can be obtained with the evaporation method in the medium dry region, and measurements of the saturated conductivity by traditional methods. The method is based on a tension infiltration on a limited part of the surface of a soil sample and drainage of the sample at the same tension, leading to a divergent flow field. Despite equal tensions at top and bottom of the sample (“unit gradient”), the water flux in the sample is smaller than the corresponding value of the soil hydraulic conductivity at the applied tension. From numerical analysis of the flow problem, they concluded that unsaturated conductivity can be obtained with an accuracy of 10% for all texture classes of the USDA soil texture triangle. In this paper, we test the methodology for three different soil types using an appropriate apparatus. The results match well with independent saturated conductivity measurements on the wet side, and with unsaturated conductivity measurements in the medium moisture range that were obtained with the evaporation method.
Mechanical properties, corrosion behavior, and microstructure of Sr modified Al–9.2Mg–0.7Mn alloys
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xia Weijun , Yan Hongge , Chen Jihua , Su Bin , Li Xinyu , Li Xinlei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe influence of strontium (Sr) additions in the form of Mg–Sr master alloys from 0 to 0.6 wt% on the mechanical properties, corrosive nature, and microstructure of Al–9.2Mg–0.7Mn alloys is investigated. The material is studied in a fully annealed (O‐temper) and a sensitizing treatment at 150°C for 7 days. Here we demonstrate that there will be a new phase which might be (Al, Mg)17Sr2 formed in the as‐cast microstructure. When the Sr content is 0.2 wt%, under the premise that the mechanical properties of completely annealed alloy change little (relative to the matrix: the ultimate tensile strength increases by 8 MPa and the elongation only decrease by 1.6%), the intergranular corrosion resistance is significantly improved. The specific performance is that the mass loss from intergranular corrosion decreases by more than 53% from the addition of 0.2 wt% Sr after sensitizing.
Senescence as a main mechanism of Ritonavir and Ritonavir‐NO action against melanoma
Authors: Paskaš Svetlana , Krajnović Tamara , Basile Maria S. , Dunđerović Duško , Cavalli Eugenio , Mangano Katia , Mammana Santa , Al‐Abed Yousef , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Mijatović Sanja , Maksimović‐Ivanić Danijela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe main focus of this study is exploring the effect and mechanism of two HIV‐protease inhibitors: Ritonavir and Ritonavir‐nitric oxide (Ritonavir‐NO) on in vitro growth of melanoma cell lines. NO modification significantly improved the antitumor potential of Ritonavir, as the IC50 values of Ritonavir‐NO were approximately two times lower than IC50 values of the parental compound. Our results showed for the first time, that both compounds induced senescence in primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines. This transformation was manifested as a change in cell morphology, enlargement of nuclei, increased cellular granulation, upregulation of β‐galactosidase activity, lipofuscin granules appearance, higher production of reactive oxygen species and persistent inhibition of proliferation. The expression of p53, as one of the key regulators of senescence, was upregulated after 48 hours of Ritonavir‐NO treatment only in metastatic B16F10 cells, ranking it as a late‐response event. The development of senescent phenotype was consistent with the alteration of the cytoskeleton—as we observed diminished expression of vinculin, α‐actin, and β‐tubulin. Permanent inhibition of S6 protein by Ritonavir‐NO, but not Ritonavir, could be responsible for a stronger antiproliferative potential of the NO‐modified compound. Taken together, induction of senescent phenotype may provide an excellent platform for developing therapeutic approaches based on selective killing of senescent cells.
Exosome‐transmitted p120‐catenin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression via STAT3 pathways
Authors: Cheng Zhangjun , Lei Zhengqing , Yang Pinghua , Si Anfeng , Xiang Daimin , Tang Xuewu , Guo Guangmeng , Zhou Jiahua , Hüser Norbert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal disease with increasing morbidity and poor prognosis due to surgical recurrence and metastasis. Moreover, the molecular mechanism of HCC progression remains unclear. Although the role of p120‐catenin (p120ctn) in liver cancer is well studied, the effects of secreted p120ctn transported by exosomes are less understood. Here, we show that p120ctn in exosomes secreted from liver cancer cells suppresses HCC cell proliferation and metastasis and expansion of liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). Mechanically, exosome p120ctn inhibits HCC cell progression via the STAT3 pathway, and the STAT3 inhibitor S3I‐201 abolishes the observed effects on growth, metastasis, and self‐renewal ability between exosome p120ctn‐treated HCC cells and control cells. Taken together, we propose that p120ctn‐containing exosomes derived from cancer cells inhibit the progression of liver cancer and may offer a new therapeutic strategy.
Perceptions on Use of the Subjective Global Assessment Before and After It Became Part of Regular Practice
Authors: Laur Celia , Davidson Bridget , Keller Heather 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSubjective global assessment (SGA) is a standardized diagnostic tool for malnutrition and identifies those who would benefit from nutrition treatment. SGA has been validated in several patient populations; however, implementation in clinical practice is inconsistent. The objective of this study was to understand and contrast the perceptions on use of SGA before and after it became a regular practice for hospital dietitians.MethodsThe More‐2‐Eat implementation project provided the opportunity to undertake this qualitative study, as 5 hospitals adopted INPAC (Integrated Nutrition Pathway for Acute Care), which includes the use of SGA. Between 2015 and 2018, interviews were conducted with dietitians at baseline (n = 9), a year after implementation (n = 18), and a year after project completion (n = 6). Thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsThemes before SGA adoption included a desire for a malnutrition diagnosis and care planning; lacking comfort in use of SGA; and reflecting on SGA training needs. After a year of implementing INPAC and a year after project completion, themes described becoming a better clinician; allowing dietitians to see the right people, sooner; recognizing the variability in the treatment path for mildly/moderately malnourished (SGA B) patients; improving overall efficiency in delivery of care; and establishing policy and procedures to sustain and spread use of SGA.ConclusionInitially, dietitians were hesitant to use SGA. Adoption through a focused implementation study and experience with implementation of SGA changed these perceptions. Understanding these perceptions before and after use may support adoption of this useful diagnostic tool.
How does government funding affect nonprofits' program spending? Evidence from international development organizations
Authors: Lu Jiahuan , Zhao Jianzhi 
Published: April 2019

SummaryUnder the new governance models, the scope of government funding of nonprofit activities in service delivery and policy implementation is extensive. There is a long‐standing concern that government funding may compromise nonprofit operations and lead to unintended consequences. This research examines the concern by exploring the effect of government funding on nonprofits' spending on programs and services. Existing theories and empirical evidence propose competing arguments concerning the relationship between government funding and nonprofits' program spending. Using a 20‐year panel dataset of international development nonprofits registered with the United States Agency for International Development, we find that nonprofits receiving more government funding spend significantly higher proportions of their organizational resources on development programs. Government funding seems to increase nonprofits' program spending and to make them more focused on their mission‐related activities.
PTEN‐deficient prostate cancer is associated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment mediated by increased expression of IDO1 and infiltrating FoxP3+ T regulatory cells
Authors: Vidotto Thiago , Saggioro Fabiano P. , Jamaspishvili Tamara , Chesca Deise L. , Picanço de Albuquerque Clarissa G. , Reis Rodolfo B. , Graham Charles H. , Berman David M. , Siemens D. Robert , Squire Jeremy A. , Koti Madhuri 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence shows that tumor cell–specific genomic changes can influence the cross talk between cancer cells and the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Loss of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene is observed in 20% to 30% of prostate cancers (PCa) when first detected and the rate increases with PCa progression and advanced disease. Recent findings implicate a role for PTEN in cellular type I interferon response and immunosuppression in PCa. However, the way that PTEN inactivation alters antitumor immune response in PCa is poorly understood.Materials and MethodsTo investigate the changes associated with PTEN loss and an immunosuppressive TME in PCa, we used CIBERSORT to estimate the relative abundance of 22 immune‐cell types from 741 primary and 96 metastatic tumors. Our in silico findings were then validated by immunohistochemical analysis of immune cells and IDO1 and PDL1 checkpoint proteins in a cohort of 94 radical prostatectomy specimens.ResultsFoxP3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) were significantly increased in PTEN‐deficient PCa in all three public domain cohorts. Loss of PTEN in bone metastases was associated with lower CD8+ T‐cell abundance, but in liver metastasis, FoxP3+ Tregs were present at higher levels. PTEN‐deficient lymph node metastasis had a distinct profile, with high levels of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, we found that metastatic PCa presents higher abundance of FoxP3+ Treg when compared to primary lesions. Since PTEN‐deficient tumors are likely to be immunosuppressed as a consequence of increased FoxP3+ Tregs, we then evaluated the localization and expression of IDO1, PDL1 immune checkpoints, and the corresponding density of FoxP3+ Treg and CD8+ T cells using our validation cohort (n = 94). We found that IDO1 protein expression and FoxP3+ Treg density were higher in neoplastic glands compared with benign adjacent tissue. Moreover, higher densities of FoxP3+ Treg cells in both stromal (P = 0.04) and tumor (P = 0.006) compartments were observed in PTEN‐deficient tumors compared to tumors that retained PTEN activity. Similarly, IDO1 protein expression was significantly increased in the tumor glands of PTEN‐deficient PCa (P < 0.0001). Spearman correlation analysis showed that IDO1 expression was significantly associated with FoxP3+ Treg and CD8+ T‐cell density (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur findings imply that PTEN deficiency is linked to an immunosuppressive state in PCa with distinct changes in the frequency of immune cell types in tumors from different metastatic sites. Our data suggest that determining PTEN status may also help guide the selection of patients for future immunotherapy trials in localized and metastatic PCa.
Hyperglycemia and T Cell infiltration are associated with stromal and epithelial prostatic hyperplasia in the nonobese diabetic mouse
Authors: Aaron‐Brooks LaTayia M. , Sasaki Takeshi , Vickman Renee E. , Wei Lin , Franco Omar E. , Ji Yuan , Crawford Susan E. , Hayward Simon W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundProstatic inflammation and various proinflammatory systemic comorbidities, such as diabetes and obesity are associated with human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). There is a paucity of in vivo models reflecting specific aspects of BPH pathogenesis. Our aim was to investigate the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse as a potential model for subsequent intervention studies.Materials and MethodsWe used the NOD mouse, a model of autoimmune inflammation leading to type 1 diabetes to examine the effects of systemic inflammation and diabetes on the prostate. We assessed changes in prostatic histology, infiltrating leukocytes, and gene expression associated with aging and diabetic status.ResultsBoth stromal expansion and epithelial hyperplasia were observed in the prostates. Regardless of diabetic status, the degree of prostatic hyperplasia varied. Local inflammation was associated with a more severe prostatic phenotype in both diabetic and nondiabetic mice. Testicular atrophy was noted in diabetic mice, but prostate glands showed persistent focal cell proliferation. In addition, a prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)‐like phenotype was seen in several diabetic animals with an associated increase in c‐Myc and MMP‐2 expression. To examine changes in gene and cytokine expression we performed microarray and cytokine array analysis comparing the prostates of diabetic and nondiabetic animals. Microarray analysis revealed several differentially expressed genes including CCL3, CCL12, and TNFS10. Cytokine array analysis revealed increased expression of cytokines and proteases such as LDLR, IL28 A/B, and MMP‐2 in diabetic mice.ConclusionOverall, NOD mice provide a model to examine the effects of hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation on the prostate, demonstrating relevance to some of the mechanisms present underlying BPH and potentially the initiation of prostate cancer.
Role of Water and Defects in Photo‐Oxidative Degradation of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite
Authors: Ouyang Yixin , Shi Li , Li Qiang , Wang Jinlan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGreat progress has been made in improving power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and now the pressing issue is the poor stability of organic–inorganic halide perovskites under ambient conditions. Degradation of MAPbI3 induced by light and oxygen is a dominant factor limiting the lifetime of PSCs. Here, based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and first‐principles density functional theory calculations, the interactions between oxygen, water, and surface defects of MAPbI3 are investigated. It is found that the photo‐oxidation of MAPbI3 concentrates on the surface of the crystal, and this degradation can be accelerated by surface iodine vacancy and moisture. When oxygen coadsorbs with water molecules or oxygen adsorbs at the iodine vacancy on the MAPbI3 surface, the energy levels of adsorbed O2 are significantly lowered, facilitating the photoexcited electron transfer and the formation of reactive superoxide anions (O2−). The understanding of the role of water and defects in MAPbI3 photo‐oxidation from this study paves the way for further optimization of stable perovskite solar cells.
Internet Gaming Disorder and Its Associated Personality Traits: A Systematic Review Using PRISMA Guidelines
Authors: Şalvarlı Şerife İnci , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFor most individuals, videogame playing is a fun and enjoyable activity that brings many benefits. However, for a small minority, the activity can be problematic and has led to much research into “gaming disorder.” In explanations concerning the contributory factors to gaming disorder, personality traits have been increasingly studied. The present paper carried out a systematic review of available literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The inclusion criteria were (i) publication date between 2000 and 2018, (ii) being an empirical study, (iii) written in English and Turkish languages (the two languages spoken by the authors), (iv) published in a scholarly peer-reviewed journal, and (v) conducted an assessment of IGD and personality traits objectively. Studies were excluded from the review if they were (i) single-case studies, (ii) unpublished thesis and dissertation studies, and (iii) not published in a peer-reviewed journal. Following these procedures, 21 eligible empirical studies were included. Results demonstrated that 24 distinct personality traits had been examined in relation to IGD and that some of these traits were demonstrated as risk factors for gaming addiction (although not always in the same direction).
The Quest for Restructuring the Nigerian Nation: Myth or Reality? The Role of Libraries in Amplifying the Debate
Authors: Dapo-Asaju Harriet Seun , Bamgbose Oludayo John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe primary duty of library and information professionals is to render information services to their patrons. Although the information provided often shapes public opinion and could help in making informed decisions, librarians and other information professionals often steer clear of politics and the processes that lead to emergence of leaders, even though their activities could be greatly affected by the nature of those who emerge as political leaders. It is against this background that this research sought to take a look at the issue of political restructuring, which has been a burning issue within the Nigerian political space, and what roles Nigerian librarians could play in the realization of the demands of restructuring in Nigeria. This article is of the view that besides being perceived as relevant in the scheme of things in Nigeria, librarians’ engagement could further positively impact on the condition of service of librarians and their public perception.