bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Al2O3 thin films by magnetron sputtering system and study their optical and structural properties
Authors: A. Khadyair Abdulhussain , A. Zije Basim 
Published: August 2018

In this research we prepared (Al2O3) films on substrate of glass by using plasma magnetron sputtering technique. We studied the structural and optical properties for the prepared films with different thicknesses. The results of XRD showed that the thin films had a polycrystalline structure with Rhombohedra (Trigonal)lattice unit cell. Surface morphology and the roughness of the prepared films were diagnostic by atomic force microscope (AFM). Where the results showed that the roughness increased from (11-24.4)nm with increasing thickness from(60-308)nm. optical properties of the prepared films with in(300-1100)nm showed that the absorption of the films decreased with increases of wavelength for all thicknesses, and transmittance of the films increased with increases of wavelength for all thicknesses. The results of optical measurement showed that the optical energy gap for the prepared films increased from (3.65-3.95)eV with increases thickness from (60-308)nm
A GIS Approach for Rapid Identification of Run-of-River (RoR) Hydropower Potential Site in Watershed: A case study of Bhote Koshi Watershed, Nepal
Authors: Kayastha Nagendra , Singh Umesh , Dulal Krishna Prasad 
Published: August 2018

A new Geographical Information System (GIS) approach is proposed to assess primary potential hydropower site, explicitly identifying highly possible hydropower locations spatially, over a large area in a short time. The results from this approach were validated with an existing hydropower site in the Bhote Koshi catchment in Nepal. Altogether 885 number of searches made along the river streams each covered a circular area of radius 10 km, with distance between headwork and power houses of 500 m intervals, thus, identified 297 highly potential sites out of total 2655 during evaluation. The results indicate that, 52 sub-catchments have potential areas and seven specific hydropower locations overlapped with existing hydropower projects. This approach is suitable for initial screening only and the produced results significantly facilitate further in-depth feasibility study to engineering and economic analysis for hydropower potential of the basin. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue: 23Year: 2018
Salut As A Gate For The Coming Of Islam In Lombok: Archaeological Analysis Of The Ancient Mosque In North Lombok
Authors: Jamaludin Jamaludin 
Published: August 2018

Salut is an old village that became the entrance of Islam in Lombok island. This is known from the historical evidence found in the village. Some of the ancient historical dwellings in Salut are ancient mosques with 17th century architectural styles and tombs of Islamic spreaders, which assert that Salut is the first region to accept Islam in Lombok Island. Based on the information from Babad Lombok, Salut is the first visited village by Islamic spreaders from Java through the Carik harbour. The existence of the ancient mosque and the old tomb as a historical relic is a proof of the success of Islam in North Lombok in the past. This article will discuss about the heritage of Islam as the initial evidence of the entry of Islam in Lombok. The entry evidences of Islam in Salut is in the form of archaeological heritage, so the approach used in this study is historical archaeological approach. Historical archeology tries to give the explanation of these remnants, using other social sciences as auxiliary science. There are three things to be studied in this article, first, reveal the archaeological remains of Islam in Salut Lombok Utara; second, reveal the growth and development of Islam in North Lombok and it’s relation with other areas in Lombok.
Keywords: History, Islamization, Archeology, Ancient Mosque, Tombs.
Przeznaczenie a stoicka koncepcja wolności
Authors: Kozioł Piotr 
Published: August 2018

Artykuł prezentuje i charakteryzuje sto-icką koncepcję wolności. Uważa się, że stoicki determinizm nie wyklucza koherentnej teorii wolności ludzkiej woli. Autor twierdzi, że stoi¬cy pozostawili wyjątek w teorii przeznaczenia, aby człowiek mógł być twórcą własnych myśli. Tylko w takiej sytuacji ludzie mogą być odpo-wiedzialni za efekty swych rozważań i ma sens uprawianie etyki normatywnej.
Stoicy uważali, że aktów psychicznych nie dotyczy determinizm. Jest to założenie me-todologiczne, którego podstawą jest niemożliwość pełnego poznania przez człowieka tej sfery rzeczywistości. W rezultacie takiego rozumienia człowiek może się ciągle zgadzać lub nie zgadzać z wydarzeniami występującymi na świecie i zależy to wyłącznie od niego samego.
Socjalizm państwowy: teoretyczne przesłanki i polityczna praktyka
Authors: Lewandowski Bogdan 
Published: August 2018

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza teoretycznych przesłanek socjalizmu państwowego i praktyczne konsekwencje zastosowania koncepcji dyktatury proletariatu w krajach zacofanych.
Sformułowana przez Karola Marksa i Fryderyka Engelsa koncepcja dyktatury proletariatu została poddana zabiegom interpretacyjnym przez Włodzimierza Lenina I Józefa Stalina. Artykuł wykazuje różnice i związki w ich poglądach na dyktaturę proletariatu. Stalinowska wersja dyktatury proletariatu pozostaje w głębokiej opozycji do myśli klasyków marksizmu. Wersja ta, znajdując źródła w poglądach Lenina, wywarła decydujący wpływ na praktykę socjalizmu państwowego. Do pewnych aspektów tej praktyki nawiązuje wiele współczesnych ruchów i ugrupowań, które powstały po upadku socjalizmu państwowego.
Studenci o potrzebie zmian w procesie kształcenia
Authors: Pietraszek Teresa 
Published: August 2018

W publikacji przedstawiono wyniki badań, których celem było uzyskanie odpo­wiedzi na pytanie: jak oceniają studenci przebieg procesu kształcenia w uczelni i ja­kie zgłaszają propozycje zmian do tego procesu?
Badania prowadzono w 1992 roku wśród studentów ostatnich lat studiów Wy­działu Rolniczego, Zootechnicznego oraz Mechanicznego Akademii Rolniczo-Technicznej w Olsztynie.
Prowadzone badania wykazały, że opi­nie studentów na temat procesu kształcenia były bardzo krytyczne, zgłaszane przez nich propozycje zmian dotyczyły zarówno treści, jak i organizacji procesu. Dowiodły, iż stu­denci są zainteresowani wprowadzenieniem zmian, a ich opinie powinny być uwzglę­dnione w doskonaleniu procesu kształcenia.
APLIKASI PENATAAN PARKIR BASEMENT MOBIL DENGAN POLA PETAK PARKIR 900 MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN PENGGUNA PARKIR MALL RAMAYANA DENPASAR
Authors: Sutapa I Ketut , Sudiarsa I Made , Susila I Nengah Darma 
Published: August 2018

Mall Ramayana Denpasar sebagai pusat perbelanjaan memiliki fasilitas parkir baik di dalam maupun di luar gedung. Untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna parkir, maka dilakukan pemberlakuan pola petak parkir mobil dengan sudut 900 melalui penerapan teknologi tepat guna dengan pendekatan sistemik, holistik, interdisipliner dan partisipatori. Pengukuran kondisi lingkungan (suhu, kelembaban, kebisingan, intensitas cahaya) dilakukan menggunakan alat environment meter dan anemometer (kecepatan angin). Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diuji normalitasnya dengan uji Shapiro-Wilk dan uji beda dengan One Way Anova, sedangkan yang tidak berdistribusi normal menggunakan uji Wilcoxon pada tingkat kemaknaan 5%. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan terhadap perbaikan basement parkir mobil menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan terhadap kepuasan ditinjau dari penurunan beban kerja sebesar 17,57%, penurunan penggunaan energi otot sebesar 29,96%, peningkatan kemudahan parkir sebesar 35,79%, peningkatan kenyamanan parkir sebesar 54,63%, dan peningkatan produktivitas parkir sebesar 29,50%.
Atrophy in Distributed Networks Predicts Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Buss Stephanie S. , Padmanabhan Jaya , Saxena Sadhvi , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Fried Peter J. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are common causes of cognitive decline among older adults and share strong epidemiological links. Distinct patterns of cortical atrophy are observed in AD and T2DM, but robust comparisons between structure-function relationships across these two disease states are lacking. Objective: To compare how atrophy within distributed brain networks is related to cognition across the spectrum of cognitive aging. Methods: The relationship between structural MRI changes and cognition was studied in 22 mild-to-moderate AD, 28 T2DM, and 27 healthy participants. Cortical thickness measurements were obtained from networks of interest (NOIs) matching the limbic, default, and frontoparietal resting-state networks. Composite cognitive scores capturing domains of global cognition, memory, and executive function were created. Associations between cognitive scores and the NOIs were assessed using linear regression, with age as a covariate. Within-network General Linear Model (GLM) analysis was run in Freesurfer 6.0 to visualize differences in patterns of cortical atrophy related to cognitive function in each group. A secondary analysis examined hemispheric differences in each group. Results: Across all groups, cortical atrophy within the limbic NOI was significantly correlated with Global Cognition ( p = 0.009) and Memory Composite ( p = 0.002). Within-network GLM analysis and hemispheric analysis revealed qualitatively different patterns of atrophy contributing to cognitive dysfunction between AD and T2DM. Conclusion: Brain network atrophy is related to cognitive function across AD, T2DM, and healthy participants. Differences in cortical atrophy patterns were seen between AD and T2DM, highlighting neuropathological differences.
Does the Black Hole Merger Rate Evolve with Redshift?
Authors: Fishbach Maya , Holz Daniel E. , Farr Will M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We explore the ability of gravitational-wave detectors to extract the redshift distribution of binary black hole (BBH) mergers. The evolution of the merger rate across redshifts 0 < z ≲ 1 is directly tied to the formation and evolutionary processes, providing insight regarding the progenitor formation rate together with the distribution of time delays between formation and merger. Because the limiting distance to which BBHs are detected depends on the masses of the binary, the redshift distribution of detected binaries depends on their underlying mass distribution. We therefore consider the mass and redshift distributions simultaneously, and fit the merger rate density, dN/dm
1
dm
2
dz. Our constraints on the mass distribution agree with previously published results, including evidence for an upper mass cutoff at ∼40 M
⊙. Additionally, we show that the current set of six BBH detections are consistent with a merger rate density that is uniform in comoving volume. Although our constraints on the redshift distribution are not yet tight enough to distinguish between BBH formation channels, we show that it will be possible to distinguish between different astrophysically motivated models of the merger rate evolution with ∼100–300 Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory/Virgo detections (to be expected within 2–5 years). Specifically, we will be able to infer whether the formation rate peaks at higher or lower redshifts than the star formation rate, or the typical time delay between formation and merger. Meanwhile, with ∼100 detections, the inferred redshift distribution will place constraints on more exotic scenarios such as modified gravity.
Extreme Kinematics of the 2017 September 10 Solar Eruption and the Spectral Characteristics of the Associated Energetic Particles
Authors: Gopalswamy N. , Yashiro S. , Mäkelä P. , Xie H. , Akiyama S. , Monstein C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report on the 2017 September 10 ground-level enhancement (GLE) event associated with a coronal mass ejection whose initial acceleration (∼9.1 km s−2) and initial speed (∼4300 km s−1) were among the highest observed in the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory era. The GLE event was of low intensity (∼4.4% above background) and softer-than-average fluence spectrum. We suggest that poor connectivity (longitudinal and latitudinal) of the source to Earth compounded by the weaker ambient magnetic field contributed to these GLE properties. Events with similar high initial speed either lacked GLE association or had softer fluence spectra. The shock-formation height inferred from the metric type II burst was ∼1.4 Rs, consistent with other GLE events. The shock height at solar particle release (SPR) was ∼4.4 ± 0.38 Rs, consistent with the parabolic relationship between the shock height at SPR and source longitude. At SPR, the eastern flank of the shock was observed in EUV projected on the disk near the longitudes magnetically connected to Earth: W60 to W45.
Discovery of Two New Globular Clusters in the Milky Way
Authors: Ryu Jinhyuk , Lee Myung Gyoon 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The spatial distribution of known globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way shows that the current census of GCs is incomplete in the direction of the Galactic plane. We present the discovery of two new GCs located close to the Galactic plane in the sky. These two GCs, RLGC 1 and RLGC 2, were discovered serendipitously during our new cluster survey based on near-infrared and mid-infrared survey data. The two GCs show a grouping of resolved stars in their K-band images and the presence of faint diffuse light in their outer regions in the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer W1-band images. They also show prominent red giant branches (RGBs) in their K versus (J − K) color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We determine structural parameters of the two GCs using King profile-fitting on their K-band radial number density profiles. The determined values are consistent with those of known GCs. Finally, we determine the distances, metallicities, and reddenings of the two GCs using the isochrone fitting on their CMDs. For the fitting, we assume that the ages of the two GCs are 12.6 Gyr and the brightest RGB stars of each cluster correspond to the tip of the RGB. Distances and metallicities of the two GCs are estimated to be d = 28.8 ± 4.3 kpc and [Fe/H] = −2.2 ± 0.2 for RLGC 1 and d = 15.8 ± 2.4 kpc and [Fe/H] = −2.1 ± 0.3 for RLGC 2. These results show that the two GCs are located at the far-half region of the Milky Way and they may belong to the halo of the Milky Way.
L’apport des données médiévales à l’analyse du système d’alliance européen
Authors: Guerreau-Jalabert Anita 
Published: August 2018

Dans l’Occident médiéval, le système d’alliance se caractérise par des prohibitions matrimoniales étendues dans la consanguinité et l’affinité directe ; en revanche, on constate l’absence de prohibitions dans l’affinité élargie, qui limiteraient les renchaînements d’alliance. Ce dispositif se distingue clairement de celui qui prévaut à Byzance. Au-delà des variations dans les modes de comput, et dans l’énoncé des limites posées aux unions dans la consanguinité et l’affinité directe, le 4e degré canonique (soit le 8e degré romain) constitue la borne à peu près constante de la définition de l’inceste à partir du viiie siècle. Les données disponibles montrent des mariages dans la consanguinité qui respectent tendanciellement les interdits canoniques et, ce que les médiévistes n’avaient guère relevé, une pratique non négligeable des renchaînements d’alliance. Il est malheureusement impossible d’évaluer la part de ces types d’unions dans les échanges matrimoniaux globaux. Ces observations rejoignent néanmoins celles de G. Delille et d’E. Haddad ; elles confirment aussi que seule une approche globale et structurale, tenant compte à la fois des représentations (notamment la théorie augustinienne de la caritas) et des pratiques, peut éclairer des logiques sociales qui nous sont devenues étrangères.
Geometry of Infinitely Presented Small Cancellation Groups and Quasi-homomorphisms
Authors: Arzhantseva Goulnara , Druţu Cornelia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study the geometry of infinitely presented groups satisfying the small cancellation condition$C^{\prime }(1/8)$, and introduce a standard decomposition (called thecriss-cross decomposition) for the elements of such groups. Our method yields a direct construction of a linearly independent set of power continuum in the kernel of the comparison map between the bounded and the usual group cohomology in degree 2, without the use of free subgroups and extensions.
The effect of two additional dry-land active warm-up protocols on the 50-m front-crawl swimming performance
Authors: Dalamitros Athanasios A. , Vagios Athanasios , Toubekis Argyris G. , Tsalis Georgios , Clemente-Suarez Vicente J. , Manou Vasiliki 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 different dry-land active warm-up protocols on 50-m front-crawl swimming performance, biomechanical variables (stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke index), rate of perceived exertion, and exercise heart rate in swimmers of both genders.MethodsThe total of 10 male and 9 female national-level swimmers completed a standardized 1000-m in-water warm-up protocol followed by a 30-min transition phase and a 50-m front-crawl time-trial. During this 30-min period, each swimmer executed, on different occasions, a protocol consisting of either a dynamic stretching routine (stretch) or a power exercise circuit (power) of equal duration (~ 5 min) in a randomized sequence. A control condition (control) including a passive recovery strategy after the in-water warm-up protocol was also analyzed.ResultsAn improvement in 50-m time-trial performance was demonstrated in male swimmers after executing the power protocol (<i>p</i> = 0.034), while in female swimmers a trend towards faster performance times was revealed after the stretch protocol (<i>p</i> = 0.064). Stroke index was improved after the stretch routine only in female swimmers (<i>p</i> = 0.010). Stroke rate, stroke length, rate of perceived exertion, and exercise heart rate showed no differences among all the 3 conditions in either gender (<i>p</i> > 0.05).ConclusionsMale and female swimmers respond differently to a power or a dynamic stretching protocol. In addition, the variation in responses to different warm-up conditions highlights the importance of individualizing the dry-land warm-up procedure to promote maximum performance during 50-m front-crawl swimming events.
Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN): structure and data description (1992–2017)
Authors: Driemel Amelie , Augustine John , Behrens Klaus , Colle Sergio , Cox Christopher , Cuevas-Agulló Emilio , Denn Fred M. , Duprat Thierry , Fukuda Masato , Grobe Hannes , Haeffelin Martial , Hodges Gary , Hyett Nicole , Ijima Osamu , Kallis Ain , Knap Wouter , Kustov Vasilii , Long Charles N. , Longenecker David , Lupi Angelo , Maturilli Marion , Mimouni Mohamed , Ntsangwane Lucky , Ogihara Hiroyuki , Olano Xabier , Olefs Marc , Omori Masao , Passamani Lance , Pereira Enio Bueno , Schmithüsen Holger , Schumacher Stefanie , Sieger Rainer , Tamlyn Jonathan , Vogt Roland , Vuilleumier Laurent , Xia Xiangao , Ohmura Atsumu , König-Langlo Gert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Small changes in the radiation budget at the earth's surface can lead to large climatological responses when persistent over time. With the increasing debate on anthropogenic influences on climatic processes during the 1980s the need for accurate radiometric measurements with higher temporal resolution was identified, and it was determined that the existing measurement networks did not have the resolution or accuracy required to meet this need. In 1988 the WMO therefore proposed the establishment of a new international Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), which should collect and centrally archive high-quality ground-based radiation measurements in 1 min resolution. BSRN began its work in 1992 with 9 stations; currently (status 2018-01-01), the network comprises 59 stations (delivering data to the archive) and 9 candidates (stations recently accepted into the network with data forthcoming to the archive) distributed over all continents and oceanic environments. The BSRN database is the World Radiation Monitoring Center (WRMC). It is hosted at the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) in Bremerhaven, Germany, and now offers more than 10 300 months of data from the years 1992 to 2017. All data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.880000 free of charge.
Structure of the central Sumatran subduction zone revealed by local earthquake travel-time tomography using an amphibious network
Authors: Lange Dietrich , Tilmann Frederik , Henstock Tim , Rietbrock Andreas , Natawidjaja Danny , Kopp Heidrun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Sumatran subduction zone exhibits strong seismic and tsunamogenic potential with the prominent examples of the 2004, 2005 and 2007 earthquakes. Here, we invert travel-time data of local earthquakes for vp and vp∕vs velocity models of the central Sumatran forearc. Data were acquired by an amphibious seismometer network consisting of 52 land stations and 10 ocean-bottom seismometers located on a segment of the Sumatran subduction zone that had not ruptured in a great earthquake since 1797 but witnessed recent ruptures to the north in 2005 (Nias earthquake, Mw = 8.7) and to the south in 2007 (Bengkulu earthquake, Mw = 8.5). The 2-D and 3-D vp velocity anomalies reveal the downgoing slab and the sedimentary basins. Although the seismicity pattern in the study area appears to be strongly influenced by the obliquely subducting Investigator Fracture Zone to at least 200 km depth, the 3-D velocity model shows prevailing trench-parallel structures at depths of the plate interface. The tomographic model suggests a thinned crust below the basin east of the forearc islands (Nias, Pulau Batu, Siberut) at  ∼ 180 km distance to the trench. vp velocities beneath the magmatic arc and the Sumatran fault zone (SFZ) are around 5 km s−1 at 10 km depth and the vp∕vs ratios in the uppermost 10 km are low, indicating the presence of felsic lithologies typical for continental crust. We find moderately elevated vp∕vs values of 1.85 at  ∼ 150 km distance to the trench in the region of the Mentawai Fault. vp∕vs ratios suggest an absence of large-scale alteration of the mantle wedge and might explain why the seismogenic plate interface (observed as a locked zone from geodetic data) extends below the continental forearc Moho in Sumatra. Reduced vp velocities beneath the forearc basin covering the region between the Mentawai Islands and the Sumatra mainland possibly reflect a reduced thickness of the overriding crust.