bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Policy analysis in Canada: an introduction
Authors: Dobuzinskis Laurent , Howlett Michael 
Published: January 2019

The ILPA series of country studies displays some significant variation between jurisdictions in terms of the timing and purview of analysis and also shows how the movement towards the application of scientific precepts to policy questions continues to be moderated by adherence to older, more partisan political modes of decision-making and program planning. Despite a discernible trend toward the professionalization of policy advice in most countries, a variety of actors continue to contribute diverse ideas to policy debates, with policy advice systems, and their analytical components, taking diverse forms across nations, sectors and levels of government. In this volume, we present a more systematic and comparative up-to-date understanding of policy analysis practices in Canada than has hitherto been available. This introduction provides an overview of past research into the area and outlines a series of topics and research questions which are addressed in the other contributions to the book.
The ‘ideal migrant victim’ in human rights courts: between vulnerability and otherness
Authors: Furusho Carolina Yoko 
Published: January 2019

In light of the polarized debate surrounding the limits of ethical State responses to migration, two radical discourses can be identified. On the one hand, it is deeply worrisome how the notion of the deviant and dangerous migrant ‘other’ in societal imagination bears an intimate link to the ‘moral panics’ underlying national security discourses and increasingly stricter ‘crimmigration’ laws. The ascension of this derogatory stereotype resonates with Nils Christie's assessment that the more foreign and less human a person may be, the closer they come to the notion of ‘ideal offender’. On the other hand, expansion of globalized networks of solidarity has propelled a powerful albeit double-edged discourse on migrant vulnerability in human rights advocacy, framing migrants as ‘ideal vulnerable victims’ of human rights violations as a means to tackle the anti-migrant discourse which purports to construct the image of migrants as a priori offenders until proven otherwise. In this chapter, Christie's ‘ideal victim’ theory will underpin a critical analysis of the recognition of human rights victims in the context of migration, focusing on how regional human rights courts adopt the notion of ‘vulnerability’ as legal heuristic to ascertain the victim status of migrant applicants.
Moisture Content and Oil Uptake Variations and Modeling in Deep-Fried Hamburger Slices
Authors: Movahhed Sara , Ahmadi Chenarbon Hossein 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of ultrasound pretreatment on moisture content and oil uptake of hamburger slices during deep-fat frying. Samples received ultrasound pretreatment at two power modes: Normal (at 40 and 60 °C) and Boost (at 40 and 60 °C), both for 15 min. They were then deep fried at 150, 160 and 170 °C. Results showed that samples receiving the ultrasound pretreatment with Normal power had higher moisture contents than those from the Boost pretreatment, with a significant difference. The highest moisture content was obtained with Normal power mode at 40 °C and frying at 150 °C. On the other hand, the effective water diffusivity coefficient increased at higher fryer temperatures and higher power mode (the Boost system). The highest effective water diffusivity coefficient was obtained with Boost power mode at 60 °C and frying at 170 °C where its range was calculated to be 6.93 × 10–8 - 8.77 × 10–8 m2/s. At the same time, the highest activation energy belonged to higher power mode (the Boost system) and frying at 150 °C ranging from 13.20–17.29 kJ/mol. In addition, the lowest oil uptake was obtained with Boost power mode at 60 °C and frying at 170 °C. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the exponential model had the best fitness for predicting variations in moisture content and oil uptake of hamburger slices.
Intelligent nanophotonics: merging photonics and artificial intelligence at the nanoscale
Authors: Yao Kan , Unni Rohit , Zheng Yuebing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNanophotonics has been an active research field over the past two decades, triggered by the rising interests in exploring new physics and technologies with light at the nanoscale. As the demands of performance and integration level keep increasing, the design and optimization of nanophotonic devices become computationally expensive and time-inefficient. Advanced computational methods and artificial intelligence, especially its subfield of machine learning, have led to revolutionary development in many applications, such as web searches, computer vision, and speech/image recognition. The complex models and algorithms help to exploit the enormous parameter space in a highly efficient way. In this review, we summarize the recent advances on the emerging field where nanophotonics and machine learning blend. We provide an overview of different computational methods, with the focus on deep learning, for the nanophotonic inverse design. The implementation of deep neural networks with photonic platforms is also discussed. This review aims at sketching an illustration of the nanophotonic design with machine learning and giving a perspective on the future tasks.
Metasurface integrated with double-helix point spread function and metalens for three-dimensional imaging
Authors: Jin Chunqi , Zhang Jihua , Guo Chunlei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Metasurfaces are two-dimensional arrangements of antennas that control the propagation of electromagnetic waves with a subwavelength thickness and resolution. Previously, metasurfaces have been mostly used to obtain the function of a single optical element. Here, we demonstrate a plasmonic metasurface that represents the combination of a phase mask generating a double-helix point spread function (DH-PSF) and a metalens for imaging. DH-PSF has been widely studied in three-dimensional (3D) super-resolution imaging, biomedical imaging, and particle tracking, but the current DH-PSFs are inefficient, bulky, and difficult to integrate. The multielement metasurface, which we label as DH-metalens, enables a DH-PSF with transfer efficiency up to 70.3% and an ultrahigh level of optical system integration, three orders of magnitude smaller than those realized by conventional phase elements. Moreover, the demonstrated DH-metalens can work in broadband visible wavelengths and in multiple incident polarization states. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the DH-metalens in 3D imaging of point sources. These results pave ways for realizing integrated DH-PSFs, which have applications in 3D super-resolution microscopy, single particle tracking/imaging, and machine vision.
Research progress in materials-oriented chemical engineering in China
Authors: Jiang Hao , Han Yongsheng , Zhang Qiang , Wang Jiexin , Fan Yiqun , Li Chunzhong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Materials-oriented chemical engineering involves the intersection of materials science and chemical engineering. Development of materials-oriented chemical engineering not only contributes to material research and industrialization techniques but also opens new avenues for chemical engineering science. This review details the major achievements of materials-oriented chemical engineering fields in China, including preparation strategies for advanced materials based on the principles of chemical engineering as well as innovative separation and reaction techniques determined by new materials. Representative industrial applications are also illustrated, highlighting recent advances in the field of materials-oriented chemical engineering technologies. In addition, we also look at the ongoing trends in materials-oriented chemical engineering in China.
Detecting Adaptive Differentiation in Structured Populations with Genomic Data and Common Gardens
Authors: Josephs Emily B , Berg Jeremy J , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey , Coop Graham 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Adaptation in quantitative traits often occurs through subtle shifts in allele frequencies at many loci—a process called polygenic adaptation. While a number of methods have been developed to detect polygenic adaptation in human populations, we lack clear strategies for doing so in many other systems. In particular, there is an opportunity to develop new methods that leverage datasets with genomic data and common garden trait measurements to systematically detect the quantitative traits important for adaptation. Here, we develop methods that do just this, using principal components of the relatedness matrix to detect excess divergence consistent with polygenic adaptation, and using a conditional test to control for confounding effects due to population structure. We apply these methods to inbred maize lines from the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm pool and maize landraces from Europe. Ultimately, these methods can be applied to additional domesticated and wild species to give us a broader picture of the specific traits that contribute to adaptation and the overall importance of polygenic adaptation in shaping quantitative trait variation.
Supratimo problema: F. Šlėjermacheris ir hermeneutikos raida
Authors: Šaulauskas Marius Povilas 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje analizuojamas supratimo problemos formulavimas F. Schleiermacherio hermeneutikoje. Eksplikuojami svarbiausi jo hermeneutikos metodologiniai principai: supratimas tiriamas kaip būdas atpažinti, surasti prasmę, tariant, kad ieškoma prasmė duota iki supratimo vyksmo ir kad ji gali būti atpažinta. Teisingiausias inerpretuojamo teksto supratimas – jo prasmingumo kartotė, recepcija. Supratimo vyksmo mechanizmas suprantamas neistoriškai pagal I. Kanto transcendentalinio subjekto sampratos pavyzdį. Supratimo procesas nepaklūsta istorijai, jo dėsningumai yra duotos prasmės identifikacijos prielaida. F. Schleiermacherio hermeneutikoje sprendžiamos dvi supratimo problemos: kaip suprasti tai, kas ir kaip pasakyta (gramatinis supratimo lygmuo); kaip suprasti tai, kas ir kaip norėta pasakyti (psichologinis lygmuo). Tvirtindamas psichologinės (subjektyvios, divinacinės) interpretacijos būtinybę, hermeneutas apčiuopė universalų supratimo bruožą – jo prasminį vienį. Subjektyvios (psichologinės) interpretacijos svertas – tai autoriaus sumanymo analizė. Aptariama F. Schleiermacherio įtaka šiuolaikinei hermeneutikai.
Įprastas požiūris ir A. Schützo sąveikos pasaulis
Authors: Putinaitė Nerija 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama fenomenologinės sociologijos atstovo A. Schützo socialinio pasaulio samprata. Teigiama, kad natūralioji nuostata socialinio pasaulio atžvilgiu gali užimti dvi pozicijas: pasyvaus stebėtojo ir dalyvio. Šios pozicijos nesuderinamos bei atmetama galimybė pereiti iš vienos į kitą. A. Schützas atskleidžia naują socialinio pasaulio sampratą, kurioje apjungiamos minėtos nuostatos: socialinis pasaulis nėra nei galutinai užbaigtas ir tik stebimas darinys, nei nereflektuotų veiksmų erdvė. Socialinis pasaulis yra veikiančiųjų jame individų ir ryšių tarp jų visuma. Socialinis pasaulis yra besitęsiantis kūrimo procesas, aktyviai jame veikiančių stebėtojų sąveikos rezultatas. Poveikio, veikimo išgyvenimas (o ne veikimas kaip savitikslis, t. y. nustelbiantis, užgožiantis, užvaldantis) yra sociumo pamatas. Sąveikos ryšys yra pasitikėjimo dalykas. Valdžios santykiai suprantami kaip sąveikos stoka, o abipusio poveikio ryšys – kaip išplėtota, kuriamoji sąveika.
MORALĖS SRITIES APIBRĖŽIMAI MORALĖS PSICHOLOGIJOJE
Authors: Berniūnas Renatas 
Published: January 2019

Straipsnio tikslas yra apžvelgti šiuolaikinę moralės psichologijos literatūrą, kurioje yra aptariama moralės sritis. Šiuo metu psichologai nesutaria, kaip geriau apibrėžti moralės terminą ir kaip atskirti moralinę nuo nemoralinės normatyvinės srities. Šiais klausimais yra kelios prieštaraujančios pozicijos: psichologas Elliotas Turielis teigia, kad moralės pagrindą sudaro žalos ir teisingumo sąvokos, o monistai bando suvesti visą moralę tik į vieną – arba žalą, arba teisingumą. Galiausiai pliuralistai išskiria bent penkis moralės pagrindus. Straipsnis apžvelgs šias pozicijas ir pasiūlys galimus šių pozicijų teorinio pagrįstumo tikrinimo būdus.
Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and T-cell Lymphopenia in California, 2010–2017
Authors: Amatuni George S. , Currier Robert J. , Church Joseph A. , Bishop Tracey , Grimbacher Elena , Nguyen Alan Anh-Chuong , Agarwal-Hashmi Rajni , Aznar Constantino P. , Butte Manish J. , Cowan Morton J. , Dorsey Morna J. , Dvorak Christopher C. , Kapoor Neena , Kohn Donald B. , Markert M. Louise , Moore Theodore B. , Naides Stanley J. , Sciortino Stanley , Feuchtbaum Lisa , Koupaei Rasoul A. , Puck Jennifer M. 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) was instituted in California in 2010. In the ensuing 6.5 years, 3 252 156 infants in the state had DNA from dried blood spots assayed for T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Abnormal TREC results were followed-up with liquid blood testing for T-cell abnormalities. We report the performance of the SCID screening program and the outcomes of infants who were identified.

METHODS:
Data that were reviewed and analyzed included demographics, nursery summaries, TREC and lymphocyte flow-cytometry values, and available follow-up, including clinical and genetic diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes.

RESULTS:
Infants with clinically significant T-cell lymphopenia (TCL) were successfully identified at a rate of 1 in 15 300 births. Of these, 50 cases of SCID, or 1 in 65 000 births (95% confidence interval 1 in 51 000–1 in 90 000) were found. Prompt treatment led to 94% survival. Infants with non-SCID TCL were also identified, diagnosed and managed, including 4 with complete DiGeorge syndrome who received thymus transplants. Although no cases of typical SCID are known to have been missed, 2 infants with delayed-onset leaky SCID had normal neonatal TREC screens but came to clinical attention at 7 and 23 months of age.

CONCLUSIONS:
Population-based TREC testing, although unable to detect immune defects in which T cells are present at birth, is effective for identifying SCID and clinically important TCL with high sensitivity and specificity. The experience in California supports the rapid, widespread adoption of SCID newborn screening.
Para una poética de los desplazamientos. Espacio y política en: A república dos sonhos de Nélida Piñon
Authors: Arellano Jesús 
Published: January 2019

Ofrecemos una caracterización de A república dos sonhos de Nélida Piñon evidenciando cómo la trama y los mecanismos de enunciación están condicionados por el espacio, por lo cotidiano y por lo político. A partir del análisis de esta novela podremos ver cómo estos elementos permiten desarrollar una lectura transversal que evidencie el modo en que los discursos literarios se configuran como espacios de representación nómadas. Dicha lectura exige una descripción de la configuración del espacio y lo cotidiano, lo cual nos conducirá a evaluar la relación entre la literatura y lo político; una relación polémica y litigiosa que involucra desplazamientos simbólicos, identitarios de enunciación y de escritura. Así, una “la poética de los desplazamientos” evidenciará como un texto literario se resignifica a partir del diálogo y de un carácter trasgresor, característico de formas artísticas híbridas que superan los límites de representación al poner en escena el espacio, la política, la historia y la intrahistoria. *** Para uma poética dos deslocamentos. Espaço e política em: A república dos sonhos de Nélida Piñon ***Oferecemos uma caracterização de A república dos sonhos de Nélida Piñon evidenciando como a trama e os mecanismos de enunciação estão condicionados pelo espaço, pelo quotidiano e pelo político. A partir da análise dessa novela podemos ver como esses elementos permitem desenvolver uma leitura transversal que evidencia o modo pelos qual os discursos literários configuram-se como espaços de representações nômadas. Dita leitura exige uma descrição da configuração do espaço e do quotidiano que os conduzirá a avaliar a relação entre a literatura e o político; uma relação polêmica e litigiosa que envolve deslocamentos simbólicos, identitários de enunciação e de escritura. Assim, uma “poética dos deslocamentos” evidenciará como um texto literário se ressignifica a partir do diálogo e de um caráter transgressor, característico de formas artísticas híbridas que superam os limites de representação ao colocar em cena o espaço, a política, a história e a intrahistória.Palavras-chave: espaço; política; deslocamentos; narratividade; novela; narrativa brasileira.
Broad ligament ectopic pregnancy: a dilemma to diagnose
Authors: Saxena Namrata , Bansal Neeta , Singhal Pradeep , Ramola Monika 
Published: January 2019

Broad ligament ectopic pregnancy is a rare and serious form of extrauterine pregnancy with a high risk of maternal mortality. There are no specific clinical features. Ultrasonography may help in diagnosis, but definitive diagnosis is made only during surgery. Authors are reporting a case of 30 years female G3P1L1A1 seven weeks pregnancy with previous lower segment cesarean section and previous history of right sided salpingectomy with no complaints. Ultrasound was advised to know the location of sac this time, in which, she was diagnosed as a case right sided unruptured live ovarian ectopic pregnancy. On examination, signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy were absent. On laparoscopy, she was diagnosed as a case of right sided live unruptured broad ligament ectopic pregnancy as her right ovary was absent because of previous surgery. With advances in sonography and laparoscopic skills, more cases can be diagnosed in the first trimester and can be safely managed laparoscopically.
Diabetes control, dyslipidemia, hsCRP and mild cognitive impairment in non-elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Singh Veer Bahadur , Meena Babu Lal , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Harish , Tiwari Arun 
Published: January 2019

Background: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia has been observed more in people with diabetes when compared with general population. The risk factors for MCI in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been defined in elderly patients and aging may itself contribute to declining in cognitive functions. As the large number people with T2DM are under 60years, the prevalence of MCI and factors contributing to it are not much studied. So, this study aimed to find out the factors contributing to MCI in non-elderly T2DM patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 257 patients with T2DM underwent cognitive assessment by Montreal cognitive assessment test and the cognitive levels were correlated with their glycosylated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP).Results: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was 64.2%. MCI significantly correlated with duration of diabetes, socioeconomic status, HbA1c, serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein and hsCRP levels. The factors that were statistically insignificant were body mass index and high-density lipoprotein levels.Conclusions: Cognitive impairment is seen even in non-elderly T2DM patients. It should be considered along with the other complications of diabetes and individuals with T2DM should be screened for cognitive impairment to prevent progression to dementia.
Accelerometer-based facilitated walking program in addition to usual care for the management of patients with low back pain at medium or high risk of chronicity: a randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Alzahrani Hosam , Mackey Martin , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Pinheiro Marina B. , Shirley Debra 
Published: January 2019

<p> </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The lifetime prevalence of low back pain (LBP) has been reported to be as high as 84% worldwide. Around 23% of the population has chronic non-specific LBP. Despite the potential health benefits of walking, few studies have investigated its effectiveness in people with non-specific LBP. The primary objective is to examine the efficacy of a Fitbit facilitated walking intervention in people with LBP with medium or high risk of chronicity in reducing disability and pain. The secondary objective is to investigate the efficacy of a Fitbit facilitated walking intervention in increasing physical activity levels in people with LBP.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective, randomised controlled trial<strong> </strong>will involve 68 participants. This study will recruit participants who are aged 18 years or over, have been diagnosed with non-specific LBP with medium or high risk of chronicity and classified as physically inactive. Participants will be randomised into two groups: usual physiotherapy care (n=34) and usual physiotherapy care plus Fitbit facilitated walking intervention program (n=34). The treatment duration will be 8 weeks. Primary outcomes for this study are disability and pain. Secondary outcomes include physical activity level and walking steps, depression, fear of movement and pain catastrophising. The outcomes will be assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 26 weeks post-randomisation follow-up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The results of this study will provide empirical evidence on the efficacy of a Fitbit facilitated walking intervention program, when added to usual care, in a clinical setting for improving disability and pain, and other clinical outcomes in people with LBP.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Trial Registration: </strong>Australian New Zealand clinical trials registry (Number ACTRN12617001404314).</p>
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Neisseria gonorrhea among the Symptomatic Patients attending Outpatient Department in Lyatonde District Hospital Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Peace Nakiwala , Elliot Ahabwe , Lawrence Nseera , Felix Twiine , Apecu Richard Onyuthi 
Published: January 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Neisseria gonorrhea is one of the neglected diseases of public health importance causing symptomatic, suppurative discharge in males and being asymptomatic in females. This cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the prevalence and susceptibility pattern of <em>Neisseria gonorrhea</em> to the commonly used antibiotics among symptomatic patients attending outpatient department in Lyatonde district hospital.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Urethral and endocervical swabs were collected by the attending medical laboratory technologists. The presence of gonorrhea was confirmed by culture, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was performed using the disc diffusion method and the result was interpreted using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Overall prevalence of <em>N. gonorrhea</em> was 4.9% with high prevalence rates of 7.7% among the young age group of 15-25 years. Low level of antimicrobial susceptibility to cefuroxime (50%) followed by erythromycin and gentamycin both at 25% was observed. An alarming resistance to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin at 100% followed by penicillin 75% was exhibited by the colonies.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The high resistant rate to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin obviates their use as the first line of syndromic treatment of gonorrhea in Southwestern Uganda. The use of laboratory culture for diagnosis and management of N. gonorrhea, especially with cefuroxime therapy is highly recommended.</p>