bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association of health care access and utilization with self-perceived health in South Korea: the significance of age
Authors: Park Sang-Mi , Hong Seok-Pyo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEven though South Korea’s universal health care system was established in 1989, many South Koreans continue to encounter obstacles in their attempts to access health care. Previous studies have not investigated the relationship between health care access and utilization and perceived health in the context of a universal health care system that implements a mandatory social health insurance policy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of health care access and use of preventive health care services on self-rated health among young and middle-aged adults in Korea. The sample consisted of 1242 young adults aged 20–39 years and 2389 middle-aged adults aged 40–64 years who had participated in the cross-sectional 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, the association between health care access and use of preventive health care services and perceived poor health among young adults and middle-aged adults was assessed. The main finding was that a history of unmet health care requirements during the past 12 months was strongly associated with fair and poor self-rated health, especially among young adults. Additionally, middle-aged adults who had attended medical check-ups during the preceding 2 years reported poorer self-rated health. This study’s findings suggest that, despite South Korea’s universal public insurance system, there remains the need to improve access to health care services, especially among young adults. As a health improvement strategy, it is imperative that measures be taken to promote the availability of health care services when they are required and to solve any of the various individual accessibility problems, such as cost, particularly with young adults in mind.
The effect of 17β-estradiol on lactose in plasma and urine in dairy cows in late lactation
Authors: Agenäs Sigrid , Lundström Idamaria , Holtenius Kjell 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 17β-estradiol on mammary tight junctions in cows in late lactation. The experiment included five non-pregnant cows around day 290 in lactation. The cows received injections of 17β-estradiol for six days. The effect of exogenous 17β-estradiol on milk yield, milk composition and lactose in plasma and lactose in urine was investigated before, during and after the treatment. Milk yield decreased after 17β-estradiol injections and lactose in plasma and urine increased, showing an effect on the integrity of the mammary tight junctions. However, there was a delay between hormone injections and the decrease in milk yield and opening of tight junctions, indicating that other factors are involved. A high correlation between lactose in urine and blood plasma was found. More than 30% of the total lactose production was lost in urine after 17β-estradiol treatment.
Gametocytogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro: a simple technique for the routine culture of pure capacitated gametocytes en masse
Authors: Sinden R. E. , Ponnudurai T. , Smits M. A. , Simm A. M. , Meuwissen J. H. E. Th. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYA technique is described for the growth of pure gametocyte cultures of Plasmodium falciparum. Using the classification of Hawking, Wilson & Gammage (1971) these cultures contain gametocytes of stages III, IV and V alone. Routine sexual cultures, varying from 0·35 ml static cultures to 500 ml shaking cultures, are exposed to an inhibitor of DNA synthesis (mitomycin C at 10 μg/ml) on the 11th day of culture, and the culture is harvested on the 14th day when capacitated stage V gametocytes are present. All other stages are killed by the drug and are morphologically degenerate within 2 days of the addition of the inhibitor.
Parasitological observations on Meriones unguiculatus singly or multiply infected with Brugia pahangi
Authors: Denham D. A. , Suswillo R. R. , Chusattayanond W. 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYWhen jirds were infected with a single inoculum of 25–50 infective larvae of Brugia pahangi an overall mean recovery of adult worms of 44·5% (n = 41) was obtained. There was no difference in recoveries between male and female jirds. If jirds were repeatedly inoculated with larvae into the peritoneal cavity yields were only slightly reduced. Yields were 30·5% for 5 infections (n = 10), 26·7% for 10 infections (n = 8), 34·4% for 15 infections (n = 10) and 28·5% for 20 infections (n = 7). Twice as many worms were recovered from intraperitoneally inoculated jirds than from subcutaneously inoculated jirds.
I VALORI DEI PARLAMENTARI E DEGLI ELETTORI: UNA PRIMA COMPARAZIONE
Authors: Calvi Gabriele , Cecchi Maurizio 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneQuando ci si interroga sulla capacità della nostra classe politica di interpretare i bisogni e le aspirazioni dei cittadini, due domande sono ricorrenti: «i nostri rappresentanti politici hanno le nostre stesse convinzioni, credono nei valori in cui noi crediamo, oppure no»; e «la diversità dei valori espressi dalle singole formazioni politiche rispecchia le posizioni delle rispettive basi elettorali o si sono create nel tempo fratture e contraddizioni profonde»? Tali interrogativi sono legittimati non solo da quanto può risultare semplicemente dal senso comune, ma anche da recenti ricerche che hanno mostrato una nuova, emergente divisione tra le classi dirigenti e gruppi ampi di cittadini (la divisione establishment/anti-establishment).
SISTEMA PARTITICO ED ELEZIONE DIRETTA DEL CAPO DELLO STATO IN EUROPA
Authors: Bartolini Stefano 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneAl tempo della prima guerra mondiale tutti i paesi europei ad eccezione della Francia e della Svizzera erano retti da monarchie. Vi era sconosciuta la figura di un Capo dello stato, che risulta quindi un'istituzione molto recente nell'esperienza europea. In quanto sostituto funzionale della figura monarchica quella del Capo dello Stato fu influenzata profondamente, nel bene e nel male come vedremo, da questa e dai conflitti che nella fase di democratizzazione politica l'avevano opposta alle assemblee elettive. Questa la ragione storica di fondo per cui il presidenzialismo puro alla statunitense, caratterizzato insieme da elezione diretta del Presidente e da netta separazione dei poteri esecutivo e legislativo, non è mai stato realmente all'ordine del giorno in Europa. Alcune esperienze iniziali negative — se non tragiche — determinarono un'atteggiamento di diffidenza verso la figura del capo dello stato. Il ruolo di Napoleone III nella fine della Seconda Repubblica francese — nonché le continue crisi tra presidenza e parlamento nella prima fase della III Repubblica — quella dei governi presidenziali di Hindenburg nella fase finale della Repubblica di Weimar, ed anche quella di Mosory e Bénés nella Repubblica cecoslovacca tra le due guerre destarono tale impressione da spiegare perché nelle nuove costituzioni repubblicane del secondo dopoguerra — in particolare quella francese, tedesca e italiana — si sia optato per una configura-zione di basso profilo del ruolo presidenziale e per formule di elezione indiretta.
IL MONTE (CITORIO) E IL TOPOLINO. LA RIFORMA DEL PARLAMENTO E LA COMMISSIONE BICAMERALE
Authors: Cazzola Franco 
Published: May 2019

Introduzione«Il Parlamento è in crisi»: il tema non è certo nuovo, ma mantiene pur sempre un notevole fascino. è una moda che, insieme a tante altre del nostro sistema politico, potremmo definire «permanente»: «moda continua». Senza risalire ai classici dell'ottocento italiano è sufficiente ricordare che a metà degli anni sessanta la «crisi del parlamento» costituiva uno dei cavalli di battaglia del Movimento Salvemini, tanto da dar vita a un convegno (storico in tutti i sensi) e a una pubblicazione dal titoloLa sinistra davanti alla crisi del Parlamento. Per non parlare del volumeIl Parlamento italianocon gli ormai famosi saggi di analisi e di critica (anche propositiva) di Predieri e Sartori.
Children’s Enuresis: Some Background Information and a Suggested Treatment for Use by Teachers, Therapists and Parents
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F. , Everingham S. E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe treatment of children’s enuresis has witnessed a number of theoretical and practical variations. While the incidence of enuresis is substantial, there is little agreement in the wider literature regarding the most effective treatment. The present paper reports on a detailed meta-analytic review of the literature, drawing some limited conclusions as to the comparative effectiveness of five categories of treatment, with particular reference to long term follow-up data. While the use of pad and bell is shown as equally effective as retention training at the end of the treatment, retention training emerges as superior over 6 to 12 months of follow-up. Basic instructions are given for the use of this method.
Circling in on Convective Organization
Authors: Haerter Jan O. , Böing Steven J. , Henneberg Olga , Nissen Silas Boye 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCold pools (CPs) contribute to convective organization. However, it is unclear by which mechanisms organization occurs. By using a particle method to track CP gust fronts in large eddy simulations, we characterize the basic collision modes between CPs. Our results show that CP interactions, where three expanding gust fronts force an updraft, are key at triggering new convection. Using this, we conceptualize CP dynamics into a parameter‐free mathematical model: circles expand from initially random points in space. Where two expanding circles collide, a stationary front is formed. However, where three expanding circles enclose a single point, a new expanding circle is seeded. This simple model supports three fundamental features of CP dynamics: precipitation cells constitute a spatially interacting system, CPs come in generations, and scales steadily increase throughout the diurnal cycle. Finally, this model provides a framework for how CPs act to cause convective self‐organization, clustering, and extremes.
Human adipose tissue protein analyses using capillary western blot technology
Authors: Lu J , Allred C C , Jensen M D 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
A capillary western blot (Wes) technology has recently been validated for analyses of cell culture lysate proteins, but whether it is reliable for human tissue proteins is unknown.

Subjects:
We compared traditional western blotting to the Wes capillary Western method to quantitate the relative amount of human adipose tissue CD36, the ratio of phosphorylated Erk1/2 (pErk1/2) to total Erk1/2 during insulin clamp or after niacin treatment and the fold increase in pAktS473 (Akt phosphorylation on Ser473) in response to feeding.

Results:
The results from these two methods were highly correlated (r=0.932 for CD36, r=0.905 for pErk1/2:Erk1/2, r=0.923 for the change in pAkt/Akt, P<0.001). On Wes we observed the distinct peaks around the expected molecular weights for these proteins with decreasing peak areas with serial dilutions of loading protein amount. Wes and traditional western blot both had linear dynamic ranges for CD36, Erk1/2 and Akt. Due to differences in signal responsiveness for pAkt/Akt, we employed a calibrator sample and log transformation of data to allow proper comparisons. The Wes approach required less sample than the traditional western blot and less technician/assay time, while achieving high sensitivity and good reproducibility.

Conclusions:
Capillary Western technology (Wes) provides a satisfactory alternative for analyses of human adipose tissue proteins.
Effect of anthelmintic treatment on leptin, adiponectin and leptin to adiponectin ratio: a randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Tahapary D L , de Ruiter K , Martin I , Brienen E A T , van Lieshout L , Djuardi Y , Djimandjaja C C , Houwing-Duistermaat J J , Soewondo P , Sartono E , Supali T , Smit J W A , Yazdanbakhsh M 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEmerging evidence suggests that helminths might confer protection against the development of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to assess the role of adipokines in mediating the effect of helminths on insulin resistance. Serum samples were obtained from a randomized-controlled trial of anthelmintic treatment in an area endemic for soil-transmitted helminths (STH), Flores Island, Indonesia. In STH-infected subjects, anthelmintic treatment significantly increased the ratio of leptin to adiponectin (treatment effect factor (95% confidence interval (CI)), P-value for interaction: 1.20 (1.06–1.35), P=0.010), which largely stemmed from a significant reduction in adiponectin (0.91 (0.85–0.98), P=0.020) and a trend for an increase in leptin level (1.10 (1.00–1.21), P=0.119). No significant effect on resistin level was observed. This increase in leptin to adiponectin ratio seemed to contribute to the observed effect of deworming on increased insulin resistance (IR) as adjustment for leptin to adiponectin ratio attenuated the effect on IR from 1.07 (1.01–1.14, P=0.023) to 1.05 (0.99–1.11, P=0.075). Anthelmintic treatment in STH-infected subjects increases leptin to adiponectin ratio which may in small part contribute to the modest increase in IR. Further studies will be needed to assess the effect of the changes in adipokine levels on the host immune response and metabolism.
Electric field tuning of the anomalous Hall effect at oxide interfaces
Authors: Bhowal Sayantika , Satpathy Sashi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnomalous Hall effect is the phenomenon where the transport properties of the spin-polarized electrons are governed by the spin-orbit coupling that couples the orbital and spin degrees of freedom of the electron. Here we show that the anomalous Hall effect at a magnetic interface with strong spin-orbit coupling can be tuned with an external electric field. By altering the strength of the inversion symmetry breaking, the electric field changes the Rashba interaction, which in turn modifies the magnitude of the Berry curvature, the central quantity in determining the anomalous Hall conductivity. The effect is illustrated with a square lattice model, which yields a quadratic dependence of the anomalous Hall conductivity for small electric fields. Explicit density-functional calculations were performed for the recently grown iridate interface, viz., the (SrIrO3)1/(SrMnO3)1 (001) structure, both with and without an electric field, which show a strong electric field dependence. The effect may be potentially useful in spintronics applications.
Evidence for a universal saturation profile for radial viscous fingers
Authors: Beeson-Jones Tim H. , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComplex fingering patterns develop when a low viscosity fluid is injected from a point source into the narrow space between two parallel plates initially saturated with a more viscous, immiscible fluid. We combine historical and new experiments with (a) a constant injection rate; (b) a constant source pressure; and (c) a linearly increasing injection rate, together with numerical simulations based on a model of diffusion limited aggregation (DLA), to show that for viscosity ratios in the range 300–10,000, (i) the finger pattern has a fractal dimension of approximately 1.7 and (ii) the azimuthally-averaged fraction of the area occupied by the fingers, S(r,t), is organised into three regions: an inner region of fixed radius, r < rb, which is fully saturated with injection fluid, S = 1; a frozen finger region, rb < r < rf (t), in which the saturation is independent of time, S(r) = (r/rb)−0.3; and an outer growing finger region, rf(t) < r < 1.44 rf(t), in which the saturation decreases linearly to zero from the value (rf/rb)−0.3 at rf(t). For a given injected volume per unit thickness of the cell, V ≫ πrb2, we find rf = 0.4rb (V/rb2)1/1.7. This apparent universality of the saturation profile of non-linear fingers in terms of the inner region radius, rb, and the injected volume V, demonstrates extraordinary order in such a complex and fractal instability. Furthermore, control strategies designed to suppress viscous fingering through variations in the injection rate, based on linear stability theory, are less effective once the instability becomes fully nonlinear.
Sphingosine Kinase 2 Phosphorylation of FTY720 is Unnecessary for Prevention of Light-Induced Retinal Damage
Authors: Qi Hui , Cole Jerome , Grambergs Richard C. , Gillenwater John R. , Mondal Koushik , Khanam Sufiya , Dutta Soma , Stiles Megan , Proia Richard L. , Allegood Jeremy , Mandal Nawajes 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMammalian Sphingosine kinase 2 is the primary enzyme responsible for phosphorylating FTY720 to its active form, FTY720-P. Systemic FTY720 treatment confers significant protection to murine retinas from light- and disease-mediated photoreceptor cell death. It is not clear whether FTY720-P, FTY720, or both are responsible for this photoreceptor protection. We investigatedSphingosine kinase2 knockout (Sphk2KO) mouse retinas, tested their sensitivity to light, and measured what degree of protection from light-induced damage they receive from systemic FTY720 treatment.Sphk2KO retinas were found to be similar to their wild-type counterparts in sensitivity to light damage. Additionally, FTY720 treatment protectedSphk2KO retinas from light-induced damage despite significant retardation of FTY720 phosphorylation inSphk2KO mice. We conclude that FTY720 serves an active role in preventing photoreceptor cell death. Furthermore, we conclude that the phosphorylation of FTY720 is not necessary to provide this protective effect.
Vaginal Microbiota Composition Correlates Between Pap Smear Microscopy and Next Generation Sequencing and Associates to Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Virtanen Seppo , Rantsi Tiina , Virtanen Anni , Kervinen Kaisa , Nieminen Pekka , Kalliala Ilkka , Salonen Anne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent research on vaginal microbiota relies on high throughput sequencing while microscopic methods have a long history in clinical use. We investigated the correspondence between microscopic findings of Pap smears and the vaginal microbiota composition determined by next generation sequencing among 50 asymptomatic women. Both methods produced coherent results regarding the distinction betweenLactobacillus-dominant versus mixed microbiota, reassuring gynaecologists for the use of Pap smear or wet mount microscopy for rapid evaluation of vaginal bacteria as part of diagnosis. Cytologic findings identified women with bacterial vaginosis and revealed that cytolysis of vaginal epithelial cells is associated toLactobacillus crispatus-dominated microbiota. Education and socio-economic status were associated to the vaginal microbiota variation. Our results highlight the importance of including socio-economic status as a co-factor in future vaginal microbiota studies.
New Heusler compounds in Ni-Mn-In and Ni-Mn-Sn alloys
Authors: Li X.-Z. , Zhang W.-Y. , Valloppilly S. , Sellmyer D. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRapidly quenched ternary Ni-Mn-T (T = In, Sn) alloys exhibit features associated with magnetic skyrmions, so that XRD, TEM, EDS, SAED and HREM investigations were carried out for structural characterization on the two alloy systems. In this paper, we report a new type of Mn-rich Heusler compound with a cubic unit cell, a = 0.9150 nm in Ni-Mn-In and a = 0.9051 nm in Ni-Mn-Sn, which coexist with a Ni-rich full-Heusler compound with defects, a = 0.6094 nm in Ni-Mn-In and a = 0.6034 nm in Ni-Mn-Sn. A further analysis of the experimental results reveals a close structural relationship between these two compounds.
Sildenafil Reduces Neointimal Hyperplasia after Angioplasty and Inhibits Platelet Aggregation via Activation of cGMP-dependent Protein Kinase
Authors: Yang Han-Mo , Jin Sooryeonhwa , Jang Hyunduk , Kim Ju-Young , Lee Joo-Eun , Kim Joonoh , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSildenafil is known to reduce cardiac hypertrophy through cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGK) activation. Studies have demonstrated that cGK has a central switching role in modulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype in response to vascular injury. Here, we aimed to examine the effects of cGK activation by sildenafil on neointimal formation and platelet aggregation. After vascular injury, neointimal hyperplasia in rat carotid arteries was significantly reduced in the sildenafil-treated group. This effect of sildenafil was accompanied by the reduction of viability and migration of VSMCs. Further experiments showed that the increased cGK activity by sildenafil inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-induced phenotype change of VSMCs from a contractile form to a synthetic one. Conversely, the use of cGK inhibitor or gene transfer of dominant-negative cGK reversed the effects of sildenafil, increasing viability of VSMCs and neointimal formation. Interestingly, sildenafil significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP or thrombin. This effect was reversed by cGK inhibitor, suggesting that sildenafil inhibits platelet aggregation via cGK pathway. This study demonstrated that sildenafil inhibited neointimal formation and platelet aggregation via cGK pathway. These results suggest that sildenafil could be a promising candidate for drug-eluting stents for the prevention of both restenosis and stent thrombosis.
AICD: an integrated anti-inflammatory compounds database for drug discovery
Authors: Wang Kun , Xiao Jianyong , Liu Xiaodong , Jiang Zhuqiao , Zhan Yujuan , Yin Ting , He Lina , Zhang Fangyuan , Xing Shangping , Chen Bonan , Li Yingshi , Zhang Fengxue , Kuang Zaoyuan , Du Biaoyan , Gu Jiangyong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSystemic or local inflammation drives the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Small compounds with anti-inflammatory properties hold great potential for clinical translation. Over recent decades, many compounds have been screened for their action against inflammation-related targets. Databases that integrate the physicochemical properties and bioassay results of these compounds are lacking. We created an “Anti-Inflammatory Compounds Database” (AICD) to deposit compounds with potential anti-inflammation activities. A total of 232 inflammation-related targets were recruited by the AICD. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that these targets were involved in various human diseases. Bioassays of these targets were collected from open-access databases and adopted to extract 79,781 small molecules with information on chemical properties, candidate targets, bioassay models and bioassay results. Principal component analysis demonstrated that these deposited compounds were closely related to US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs with respect to chemical space and chemical properties. Finally, pathway-based screening for drug combination/multi-target drugs provided a case study for drug discovery using the AICD. The AICD focuses on inflammation-related drug targets and contains substantial candidate compounds with high chemical diversity and good drug-like properties. It could be serviced for the discovery of anti-inflammatory medicines and can be accessed freely at http://956023.ichengyun.net/AICD/index.php.