bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of S100A13 protein is associated with tumor angiogenesis and poor survival in patients with early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Miao Shuncheng , Qiu Tong , Zhao Yandong , Wang Hongmei , Sun Xiao , Wang YuanYong , Xuan Yunpeng , Qin Yi , Jiao Wenjie 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundS100A13 plays a key role in tumor growth and metastasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of S100A13 expression, microvessel density (MVD), and survival in early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsIn silico analysis was performed to determine the associations between S100A13 and NSCLC. The data of 82 patients with early‐stage NSCLC who underwent radical resection were evaluated. Paraffin‐embedded tumor specimens were stained with S100A13 and CD31 (a specific endothelial marker) using immunohistochemical methods. Prognostic significance was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsS100A13 messenger RNA was overexpressed in NSCLC, especially in advanced stage. Of the 82 NSCLC specimens examined, 37 (45.1%) cases exhibited S100A13 overexpression and 31 (37.8%) showed high MVD. Univariate analysis indicated that gender, age, smoking status, histology type, tumor differentiation, and T stage were not significantly associated with prognosis. However, the overall and disease‐free survival rates of patients with S100A13 overexpression and high MVD were significantly lower than in the remaining cases. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only S100A13 overexpression was an independent factor for poor prognosis in early‐stage NSCLC. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the MVD was significantly higher in tumors with high (67.6%, 25/37) compared to low S100A13 expression (13.3%, 6/45) (P < 0.01).ConclusionsHigh S100A13 expression is closely associated with high intratumoral angiogenesis and poor prognosis in patients with stage I NSCLC. Immunohistochemical evaluation of S100A13 expression, along with an examination of the perioperative extent of angiolymphatic invasion, has value for predicting prognosis.
Probability discounting and gambling: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kyonka Elizabeth G. E. , Schutte Nicola S. 
Published: July 2018

Background and aimsA number of studies have investigated connections between probability discounting and gambling. The aim of this research was to obtain a meta‐analytical weighted effect size for the relationship between shallow probability discounting (the tendency to overvalue reinforcement with lower odds) and gambling intensity and to examine whether a gambling diagnosis moderated this effect size such that the relationship is stronger for diagnosed problem gamblers.MethodsA database search identified studies that (a) measured both probability discounting and gambling and (b) reported statistical results allowing calculation of an effect size for meta‐analysis. The search resulted in 12 studies reporting statistical results for probability discounting and gambling. The studies comprised 1685 individuals from different cohorts and nations, and included gamblers and non‐gamblers. The studies reported 18 effect sizes. Across studies, gambling severity was assessed through diagnosis and gambling intensity was assessed through self‐report and performance. Comprehensive Meta Analysis software calculated the weighted effect size and moderating role of gambling diagnosis.ResultsShallower probability discounting was associated with greater gambling severity or intensity in all 12 studies. Throughout the studies, the weighted meta‐analytical effect size for the connection between probability discounting and gambling was significant, with Hedges’ g = 0.36 [standard error (SE) = 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.21, 0.50), P < 0.001]. Addressing the second aim of the study, individuals diagnosed with a gambling disorder or problem gambling compared with not diagnosed individuals showed an effect size of Hedges’ g = 0.79 (SE = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.45, 1.14) and a moderation analysis indicated that this type of comparison showed significantly stronger effects than effect sizes based on associations between probability discounting and gambling (Q(1) = 7.80, P = 0.005).ConclusionsThere appears to be a positive association between problem gambling and shallow probability discounting (a cognitive bias that overvalues low probability gains and/or undervalues high probability losses).
Habitat and landscape factors associated with the nestedness of waterbird assemblages and wetland habitats in South Brazil
Authors: Schuh Marina H. , Guadagnin Demetrio L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe recognition of patterns in metacommunities and the elucidation of the processes responsible for them are major goals of community ecology. The nestedness of local communities based on species occurrence was initially postulated as resulting from selective extinction – species‐poor sites are subsets of species‐rich sites. Alternative mechanisms that could generate this pattern include passive sampling, selective colonization and habitat nestedness. In this study, we investigated the nestedness of waterbird assemblages in 42 wetland remnants and the mechanisms behind this pattern. Specifically, the following expectations were tested: (i) that waterbird species in wetland remnants are distributed in a nested fashion; (ii) that microhabitats created by macrophyte banks are distributed in wetland remnants in a nested fashion; (iii) that the nestedness of the waterbird assemblage is associated with the size, isolation and nestedness of microhabitats; (iv) that the rank of species in the assemblage can be explained by biological attributes associated with vulnerability to habitat loss and fragmentation; (v) that species that deviate from the nested pattern have peculiar biological attributes. We recorded the presence of 55 waterbird species in 12 monthly censuses over 1 year. The waterbird metacommunity was significantly nested when ordered independently by species richness, fragment area, microhabitat diversity and isolation. The microhabitats were also nested. Partial correlations and linear regression revealed a strong association of the rank of sites with area and isolation. Twenty‐one waterbird species were considered idiosyncratic. Species with large body size and low sensitivity to disturbance showed greater probability of being idiosyncratically distributed. We conclude that the waterbird assemblages are nested as a consequence of selective extinction and selective colonization. Species that deviate from the nested pattern tend to have large body size and low sensitivity to human disturbance. The study emphasizes the importance of focusing conservation efforts on large wetland remnants and their degree of isolation and human perturbation.
Using middle finger length to determine the internal diameter of uncuffed tracheal tubes in paediatrics
Authors: Ritchie‐McLean S. , Ferrier V. , Clevenger B. , Thomas M. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe selection of an appropriately‐sized tracheal tube is of critical importance in paediatric patients to reduce both the risk of subglottic stenosis from a tracheal tube that is too large, and inadequate ventilation or poor end‐tidal gas monitoring from a tracheal tube that is too small. Age formulae are widely used, but known to be unreliable, often resulting in a need to change the tracheal tube. Previous work has shown that the length of the middle finger and the internal diameter can both be used to guide depth of tracheal tube insertion. Therefore, we hypothesised that middle finger length may also be related to tube internal diameter. We enrolled children aged up to 12 years presenting to our institution for elective anaesthesia and measured the length of the middle finger on the palmar aspect of the hand. Anaesthetists chose the airway device they felt most appropriate for the procedure, and were unaware of the middle finger measurement. Of 160 patients who were enrolled, 108 were included in the final analysis. We found a linear relationship between uncuffed tracheal tube internal diameter and median middle finger length for each size of tracheal tube. Relationship between middle finger length and cuffed tracheal tube internal diameter was less clear. We propose that the formula: ‘middle finger length (cm) (round up to nearest 0.5) = internal diameter of uncuffed tracheal tube (mm)’ may be an improvement compared with age formulae for selecting uncuffed tracheal tubes in children, although this requires formal testing.
Precarious Debt: Microfinance Subjects and Intergenerational Dependency in Cambodia
Authors: Green W. Nathan , Estes Jennifer 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper tells a story of debt within a rural Cambodian family in order to understand how microfinance produces more‐than‐individual financial subjects that are entangled in changing social relations of dependency. We draw upon 20 months of joint ethnographic research in Cambodia, where the microfinance industry is one of the largest per capita in the world. Informed by Judith Butler's notions of precariousness and precarity, we argue that even in the context of deepening financialisation, people's lives remain dependent upon others, especially within families. We analyse how these family relations of dependency are reworked along generational lines and spatially stretched due to precarious economic conditions of indebtedness, household migration, and distant labour markets. We conclude that reframing financial subjectivity in terms of precariousness helps us to analyse the relationship between households and financial markets, as well as inform a critical politics of finance.
Multilingualism was associated with lower cognitive outcomes in children who were born very and extremely preterm
Authors: van Veen S , Remmers S , Aarnoudse‐Moens C S H , Oosterlaan J , van Kaam A H , van Wassenaer‐Leemhuis A G 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThis study determined whether cognitive outcomes differed between very preterm (VPT) and extremely preterm (EPT) children who were monolingual or multilingual when they reached the corrected ages of two and five years.MethodsThe data were collected at the Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, as part of our national neonatal follow‐up programme and comprised 325 VPT/EPT children born between January 1, 2007 and January 1, 2012. The study used the Third Editions of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.ResultsWe compared 234 monolingual children, 65 multilingual children who spoke Dutch and at least one foreign language at home and 26 multilingual children who didn't speak Dutch at home. The best performers on the cognitive scale at two years of age and the verbal subscales at five years of age were the monolingual children, followed by the children who spoke Dutch and at least one foreign language at home, then the children who only spoke foreign languages at home.ConclusionIn our study cohort from The Netherlands, multilingualism lowered the cognitive and verbal outcomes of VPT/EPT children at the corrected ages of two and five years.
Novel discrete element modelling of Gilbert‐type delta formation in an active tectonic setting—first results
Authors: Hardy Stuart 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGilbert deltas are now recognised as an important stratigraphic component of many extensional basins. They are remarkable due to their coarse‐grained nature, large size and steep foresets (up to 30–35°) and may exhibit a variety of slope instability features (faulting, slump scars, avalanching, etc.). They are also often closely related to major, basin‐margin normal faults. There has been considerable research interest in Gilbert deltas, partly due to their economic significance as stratigraphic traps for hydrocarbons but also due to their sensitivity to relative base level changes, giving them an important role in basin analysis. In addition to field studies, numerical modelling has also been used to simulate such deltas, with some success. However, until now, such studies have typically employed continuum numerical techniques where the basic data elements created by simulations are stratigraphic volumes or timelines and the sediments themselves have no internal properties per se and merely represent areas/volumes of introduced coarse‐grained, clastic and sedimentary material. Faulting or folding (if present) are imposed externally and do not develop (naturally) within the modelled delta body itself. Here, I present first results from a novel 2D numerical model which simulates coarse‐grained (Gilbert‐type) deltaic sedimentation in an active extensional tectonic setting undergoing a relative base level rise. Sediment is introduced as packages of discrete elements which are deposited beneath sea level, from the shoreline, upon a pre‐existing basin or delta. These elements are placed carefully and then allowed to settle onto the system. The elements representing the coarse‐grained, deltaic sediments can have an intrinsic coefficient of friction, cohesion or other material properties appropriate to the system being considered. The spatial resolution of the modelling is of the order of 15 m and topsets, foresets, bottomsets, faults, slumps and collapse structures all form naturally in the modelled system. Examples of deltas developing as a result of sediment supply from both the footwall and hanging‐wall of a normal fault, and subject to changes in fault slip rate are presented. Implications of the modelling approach, and its application and utility in basin research, are discussed.
Esthetic evaluation of natural teeth in anterior maxilla using the pink and white esthetic scores
Authors: Chen Jiang , Chiang Chaoyou , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundNatural teeth in the anterior maxilla are critical in determination the esthetic outcome of single implant prosthesis.PurposeThe present study aimed to explore aesthetics of natural teeth in the anterior maxilla using the Pink Esthetic Score/White Esthetic Score (PES/WES) index. Additionally, inherent weak spots of natural teeth and high‐risk parameters of prostheses were also considered.Material and methodsThis cross‐sectional study was performed by photographic analysis.ResultsA total of 102 subjects and 306 teeth (the right incisor, lateral incisor and canine) were included. The grand means of the PES and WES were 12.92 and 8.75, respectively. The score of soft tissue margin, soft tissue contour and outline/volume of the crown were significantly lower than other variables. The PES and WES showed a downward trend with age. Most of the PES/WES values of the females exceeded those of the males.ConclusionThe average level of natural teeth in PES and WES assessment were around 13 and 9, respectively. The soft tissue margin, soft tissue contour and outline/volume of the crown were high‐risk parameters for the esthetic outcomes of implant reconstructions. Underlying factors, such as age and gender, contributed to the esthetics of natural teeth change.
Bonuses and Promotion Tournaments: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Ekinci Emre , Kauhanen Antti , Waldman Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStandard models of promotion tournaments do not distinguish between wages and bonuses and thus cannot explain variation in the use of bonuses. We combine classic and market-based tournament theories to develop a model in which wages and bonuses serve distinctly different roles. We use this model to derive testable predictions which we test employing both a single firm data set and a data set encompassing a large segment of the Finnish economy. Our empirical analysis supports the testable predictions and shows that our theoretical approach better matches the data than alternative theories of bonus determination based on arguments already in the literature.
Nitrogen availability after repeated additions of raw and anaerobically digested 15N‐labelled pig slurry
Authors: Cavalli D. , Bechini L. , Di Matteo A. , Corti M. , Ceccon P. , Marino Gallina P. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryQuantifying short‐ and long‐term availability of animal manure nitrogen (N) is of practical interest to ensure adequate crop yield, minimize N pollution and reduce inputs of mineral‐N fertilizer. We measured short‐term carbon (C) and N dynamics after one or six repeated additions to soil (every 56 days) of ammonium sulphate (AS) and undigested (PS) and anaerobically digested (DPS) pig slurry in a laboratory incubation experiment. Soil CO2 emissions, pH and mineral N (ammonium + nitrate) were measured during the period of 0–56 days following fertilizer additions. An accompanying experiment was conducted with similar but 15N‐labelled fertilizers to measure soil mineral N 56 and 112 days after one, three or six repeated additions, and to estimate the increase in slurry available N after repeated additions. Nitrogen from slurries potentially available for plants (77–91, 44–58 and 57–66% of added N for AS, PS and DPS, respectively) was close to that supplied in mineral form with the fertilizer, indicating negligible net mineralization of slurry organic N, after both one and repeated additions. In fact, soil mineral N increased in most of the treatments because of repeated additions, but the increases were small, on average 0.5–2.1% of added N per period of 56 and 112 days. Calculations of availability of fertilizer N based on unlabelled N were equally precise compared with those estimated with 15N, but trends over time were more variable. We conclude that many repeated additions (simulating a long manuring history) are needed to obtain a marked increase in available slurry N, even under controlled conditions.HighlightsWe studied slurry decomposition after single or repeated additions in two laboratory incubations
We used unlabelled and 15N‐labelled pig slurries to estimate N availability
N potentially available for plants was close to that supplied in mineral form with slurries
Slurry N availability increased with repeated additions, but residual effects were small for both slurries
Landscape genomics provides evidence of climate‐associated genetic variation in Mexican populations ofQuercus rugosa
Authors: Martins Karina , Gugger Paul F. , Llanderal‐Mendoza Jesus , González‐Rodríguez Antonio , Fitz‐Gibbon Sorel T. , Zhao Jian‐Li , Rodríguez‐Correa Hernando , Oyama Ken , Sork Victoria L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLocal adaptation is a critical evolutionary process that allows plants to grow better in their local compared to non‐native habitat and results in species‐wide geographic patterns of adaptive genetic variation. For forest tree species with a long generation time, this spatial genetic heterogeneity can shape the ability of trees to respond to rapid climate change. Here, we identify genomic variation that may confer local environmental adaptations and then predict the extent of adaptive mismatch under future climate as a tool for forest restoration or management of the widely distributed high‐elevation oak speciesQuercus rugosain Mexico. Using genotyping by sequencing, we identified 5,354 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped from 103 individuals across 17 sites in the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt, and, after controlling for neutral genetic structure, we detected 74FSToutlierSNPs and 97SNPs associated with climate variation. Then, we deployed a nonlinear multivariate model, Gradient Forests, to map turnover in allele frequencies along environmental gradients and predict areas most sensitive to climate change. We found that spatial patterns of genetic variation were most strongly associated with precipitation seasonality and geographic distance. We identified regions of contemporary genetic and climatic similarities and predicted regions where future populations ofQ. rugosamight be at risk due to high expected rate of climate change. Our findings provide preliminary details for future management strategies ofQ. rugosain Mexico and also illustrate how a landscape genomic approach can provide a useful tool for conservation and resource management strategies.
Proportion of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug prescription in equine practice
Authors: Duz M. , Marshall J. F. , Parkin T. D. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundThere is little knowledge of the prescription of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and whether their prescription varies between countries.ObjectiveTo describe prescription practices of NSAIDs in equids in the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA) and Canada.Study designDescriptive observational study.MethodsFree‐text electronic medical records from 141,543 equids from 10 equine practices in the UK, 255,777 equids from 7 equine practices with 20 branches from the USA and 2 practices with 7 branches from Canada were evaluated. A validated text‐mining technique was used to describe the proportion of equids prescribed NSAIDs at least once in these countries. The choice of NSAIDs in orthopaedic and colic cases was evaluated.ResultsThe prescription of NSAIDs is more common in the USA (42.4%) and Canada (34.2%) than in the UK (28.6%). Phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine were the drugs mostly prescribed in all countries. While flunixin meglumine was most prescribed with colic cases in all countries, a proportion received phenylbutazone despite this drug being licensed for use only with musculoskeletal disease. Phenylbutazone was the most commonly prescribed drug in cases with orthopaedic disease followed by flunixin meglumine in all countries. Only a small proportion of cases received meloxicam, ketoprofen or firocoxib.Main limitationsThe retrospective design might have resulted in an unknown number of incomplete records, particularly in the reporting of colic and orthopaedic disease. Although the data set is large, the relatively small number of practices recruited from each country may introduce bias.ConclusionsClinical practice can differ between countries although the influence of individual practitioners and practice‐specific policy on apparent intercountry differences requires further research. Despite several other NSAIDs being available and a substantial effort being made to evaluate their efficacy, the prescription of NSAIDs other than phenylbutazone and flunixin meglumine remains rather limited.
Generality in multispecies responses to ocean acidification revealed through multiple hypothesis testing
Authors: Barner Allison K. , Chan Francis , Hettinger Annaliese , Hacker Sally D. , Marshall Kelsey , Menge Bruce A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDecades of research have demonstrated that many calcifying species are negatively affected by ocean acidification, a major anthropogenic threat in marine ecosystems. However, even closely related species may exhibit different responses to ocean acidification and less is known about the drivers that shape such variation in different species. Here, we examine the drivers of physiological performance under ocean acidification in a group of five species of turf‐forming coralline algae. Specifically, quantitating the relative weight of evidence for each of ten hypotheses, we show that variation in coralline calcification and photosynthesis was best explained by allometric traits. Across ocean acidification conditions, larger individuals (measured as noncalcified mass) had higher net calcification and photosynthesis rates. Importantly, our approach was able to not only identify the aspect of size that drove the performance of coralline algae, but also determined that responses to ocean acidification were not dependent on species identity, evolutionary relatedness, habitat, shape, or structural composition. In fact, we found that failure to test multiple, alternative hypotheses would underestimate the generality of physiological performances, leading to the conclusion that each species had different baseline performance under ocean acidification. Testing among alternative hypotheses is an essential step toward determining the generalizability of experiments across taxa and identifying common drivers of species responses to global change.