bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Age on Opioid Prescribing, Overdose, and Mortality in Massachusetts, 2011 to 2015
Authors: Rose Adam J. , McBain Ryan , Schuler Megan S. , LaRochelle Marc R. , Ganz David A. , Kilambi Vikram , Stein Bradley D. , Bernson Dana , Chui Kenneth Kwan Ho , Land Thomas , Walley Alexander Y. , Stopka Thomas J. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of age on the likelihood of PIP of opioids and the effect of PIP on adverse outcomes.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingData from multiple state agencies in Massachusetts from 2011 to 2015.ParticipantsAdult Massachusetts residents (N=3,078,163) who received at least one prescription opioid during the study period; approximately half (1,589,365) aged 50 and older.MeasurementsWe measured exposure to 5 types of PIP: high‐dose opioids, coprescription with benzodiazepines, multiple opioid prescribers, multiple opioid pharmacies, and continuous opioid therapy without a pain diagnosis. We examined 3 adverse outcomes: nonfatal opioid overdose, fatal opioid overdose, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsThe rate of any PIP increased with age, from 2% of individuals age 18 to 29 to 14% of those aged 50 and older. Older adults also had higher rates of exposure to 2 or more different types of PIP (40–49, 2.5%; 50–69, 5%; ≥70, 4%). Of covariates assessed, older age was the greatest predictor of PIP. In analyses stratified according to age, any PIP and specific types of PIP were associated with nonfatal overdose, fatal overdose, and all‐cause mortality in younger and older adults.ConclusionOlder adults are more likely to be exposed to PIP, which increases their risk of adverse events. Strategies to reduce exposure to PIP and to improve outcomes in those already exposed will be instrumental to addressing the opioid crisis in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:128–132, 2019.
Risk of Mortality in Individuals with Hip Fracture and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Albrecht Jennifer S. , Al Kibria Gulam , Gruber‐Baldini Ann , Magaziner Jay 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of diagnosed traumatic brain injury (TBI) in individuals hospitalized with hip fracture and examine its association with all‐cause mortality.DesignNested cohort study.SettingNational sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2006 to 2010.ParticipantsBeneficiaries aged 65 and older hospitalized with hip fracture.MeasurementsTBI at the time of hip fracture was defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The main outcome was all‐cause mortality during follow‐up.ResultsPrevalence of TBI in individuals with hip fracture was 2.7%. Absolute risk of mortality attributable to TBI in individuals with hip fracture was 15/100 person‐years. TBI was significantly associated with risk of death in multivariable analysis (hazard ratio=1.24, 95% confidence interval=1.14–1.35).ConclusionTBI was associated with greater risk of mortality in individuals with hip fracture. Practitioners should consider evaluating for presence of TBI in this vulnerable population. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:124–127, 2019.
The influence of crop rotation on the onset of early blight (Alternaria solani)
Authors: Abuley Isaac K. , Nielsen Bent J. , Hansen Hans H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractField experiments were carried out in 2016 and 2017 to determine the effect of crop rotation on the onset of early blight in three potato varieties in Denmark. Six and seven fields with different histories with potato (rotation‐fields) were used for the experiments in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The results showed that variety and the interaction between variety and rotation‐field had no significant effect on the onset of early blight. Rotation‐field, on the other hand, had a significant effect on the onset of early blight in both years of the study. Early blight occurred earlier in fields with <2 years between subsequent potato crops than in fields where potatoes have not been grown for at least 2 years. The onset of early blight was not different between the fields where there had not been potatoes for at least 2 years. For fields that were preceded by potatoes, early blight occurred earlier in fields in which the severity of early blight in the previous years was higher than that in the fields in which the severity of early blight in the previous years was low or moderate. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that at least a 2‐year interval between subsequent potatoes in a rotation cycle is necessary to delay the onset of early blight. Moreover, the severity of early blight in the previous years can affect the onset of early blight.
Carbon balance and source‐sink metabolic changes in winter wheat exposed to high night‐time temperature
Authors: Impa Somayanda M. , Sunoj V.S. John , Krassovskaya Inga , Bheemanahalli Raju , Obata Toshihiro , Jagadish S.V. Krishna 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbon loss under high night‐time temperature (HNT) leads to significant reduction in wheat yield. Growth chamber studies were carried out using six winter wheat genotypes, to unravel postheading HNT (23°C)–induced alterations in carbon balance, source‐sink metabolic changes, yield, and yield‐related traits compared with control (15°C) conditions. Four of the six tested genotypes recorded a significant increase in night respiration after 4 days of HNT exposure, with all the cultivars regulating carbon loss and demonstrating different degree of acclimation to extended HNT exposure. Metabolite profiling indicated carbohydrate metabolism in spikes and activation of the TriCarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle in leaves as important pathways operating under HNT exposure. A significant increase in sugars, sugar‐alcohols, and phosphate in spikes of the tolerant genotype (Tascosa) indicated osmolytes and membrane protective mechanisms acting against HNT damage. Enhanced night respiration under HNT resulted in higher accumulation of TCA cycle intermediates like isocitrate and fumarate in leaves of the susceptible genotype (TX86A5606). Lower grain number due to lesser productive spikes and reduced grain weight due to shorter grain‐filling duration determined HNT‐induced yield loss in winter wheat. Traits and mechanisms identified will help catalyze the development of physiological and metabolic markers for breeding HNT‐tolerant wheat.
The Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 localizes as clusters to cryptic lamellipodia and accelerates collective epithelial cell migration
Authors: Jensen Helene H. , Pedersen Gitte A. , Morgen Jeanette J. , Parsons Maddy , Pedersen Stine F. , Nejsum Lene N. 
Published: November 2018

Key points
Exogenous Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) expression stimulated the collective migration of epithelial cell sheets
Stimulation with epidermal growth factor, a key morphogen, primarily increased migration of the front row of cells, whereas NHE1 increased that of submarginal cell rows, and the two stimuli were additive
Accordingly, NHE1 localized not only to the leading edges of leader cells, but also in cryptic lamellipodia in submarginal cell rows
NHE1 expression disrupted the morphology of epithelial cell sheets and three‐dimensional cysts
AbstractCollective cell migration plays essential roles in embryonic development, in normal epithelial repair processes, and in many diseases including cancer. The Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1, SLC9A1) is an important regulator of motility in many cells and has been widely studied for its roles in cancer, although its possible role in collective migration of normal epithelial cells has remained unresolved. In the present study, we show that NHE1 expression in MDCK‐II kidney epithelial cells accelerated collective cell migration. NHE1 localized to the leading edges of leader cells, as well as to cryptic lamellipodia in submarginal cell rows. Epidermal growth factor, a kidney morphogen, increased displacement of the front row of collectively migrating cells and reduced the number of migration fingers. NHE1 expression increased the number of migration fingers and increased displacement of submarginal cell rows, resulting in additive effects of NHE1 and epidermal growth factor. Finally, NHE1 expression resulted in disorganized development of MDCK‐II cell cysts. Thus, NHE1 contributes to collective migration and epithelial morphogenesis, suggesting roles for the transporter in embryonic and early postnatal development.
Isolated hip fracture in the elderly and time to surgery: is there an outcome difference?
Authors: Elkbuli Adel , Eily Alyssa , Polcz Valerie , Boneva Dessy , Spano II Paul J , McKenney Mark , Hai Shaikh 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundEarly operative intervention for hip fractures in the elderly is advised to reduce mortality and morbidity. Postoperative complications impose a significant burden on patient outcomes and cost of medical care. Our aim was to determine the relationship between time to surgery and postoperative complications/mortality in patients with hip fracture.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of data collected from our institution’s trauma registry for patients ≥65 years old with isolated hip fracture and subsequent surgery from 2015 to 2017. Patients were stratified into two groups based on time to surgery after admission: group 1: <48 hours versus group 2: >48 hours. Demographic variables included age, gender, race, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). The outcome variables included intensive care unit length of stay (ICU-LOS), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) rate, mortality, and 30-day readmission rates. Analysis of variance was used for analysis, with significance defined as a p value <0.05.ResultsA total of 485 patients with isolated hip fracture required surgical intervention. Of those, 460 had surgery <48 hours and 25 had surgery >48 hours postadmission. The average ISS was the same in both groups. The average ICU-LOS was significantly higher in the >48 hours group compared with the <48 hours group (4.0 vs. 2.0, p<0.0002). There was no statistically significant difference between groups when comparing DVTand PE rate, 30-day readmission, or mortality rates.DiscussionTime to surgery may affect overall ICU-LOS in patients with hip fracture requiring surgical intervention. Time to surgery does not affect complication rates, 30-day readmission, or mortality. Future research should investigate long-term outcomes such as functional status and disability-adjusted life years.Level of evidenceIII. Retrospective/ prognostic cohort study
Resenha de 'Eclipse da Razão', de Max Horkheimer [trad. de Carlos Henrique Pissardo]
Authors: Lima Bruna Della Torre de Carvalho , Santos Eduardo Altheman Camargo 
Published: November 2018

Referência completa: Horkheimer, Max. Eclipse da Razão. Trad. Carlos Henrique Pissardo. São Paulo: EditoraUnesp, 2015.
Resenha de 'Direita, volver!: o retorno da direita e o ciclo político brasileiro', de Sebastião Velasco e Cruz, André Kaysel e Gustavo Codas (Orgs.)
Authors: Niemietz César 
Published: November 2018

Referência completa: Velasco e Cruz, Sebastião; Kaysel, André; Codas, Gustavo (Orgs.) Direita, volver!: o retorno da direita e o ciclo político brasileiro. São Paulo: Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo, 2015, 304 p.
Comparative evaluation of CacyBP/SIP protein, β-catenin, and immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 in the heart of rats with hypertension of different etiology
Authors: Kasacka Irena , Piotrowska Żaneta , Weresa Jolanta , Filipek Anna 
Published: November 2018

Calcyclin-binding protein/Siah-1-interacting protein (CacyBP/SIP) is the recently discovered peptide, which participates in various intracellular processes. Recent reports indicated that CacyBP/SIP activates the ubiquitin ligases and promotes proteasomal degradation of proteins. One of the most important proteins degraded in CacyBP/SIP-dependent pathway is β-catenin. Considering the key importance of β-catenin in the functioning of the cardiovascular system and in the view of the close relationship between CacyBP/SIP, β-catenin, and proteasomal activity, we have decided to undertake research to identify and evaluate the distribution of CacyBP/SIP, β-catenin and the LMP7 subunit of the immunoproteasome in the heart of rats with hypertension of various etiology. The studies were carried out on the hearts of rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR), renovascular hypertension, and DOCA-salt hypertension. The myocardial expression of CacyBP/SIP, β-catenin, and LMP7 was detected by immunohistochemistry using the EnVision method. The hypertension significantly increased the immunoreactivity to CacyBP/SIP and LMP-7, while weakening the β-catenin immunoreaction. The intensity of the observed changes depends on the type of hypertension. Our results show an innovative and important network of interactions between proteins potentially involved in the development and progression of heart problems in various types of hypertension. This report might contribute to deeper understanding of the role of the CacyBP/SIP protein, β-catenin, and immunoproteasomes in heart function, as well as to bringing new information concerning pathophysiologic mechanisms leading to cardiac dysfunction in the state of elevated blood pressure. Impact statement Despite extensive research into the pathogenesis of hypertension and disease-related end organ damage, the mechanisms leading to cardiac complications of hypertensive patients are still not fully elucidated. The aim of the presented research was immunodetection and evaluation of CacyBP/SIP, β-catenin, and proteasomes in the hearts of rats with hypertension of different etiology. Our results show an innovative and important network of interactions between proteins potentially involved in the development and progression of heart problems in various types of hypertension. This report might contribute to deeper understanding of the role of the CacyBP/SIP protein, β-catenin, and proteasomes in heart function. Our results might also bring new information concerning the intracellular processes and signal pathways involved in the regulation of cardiomyocytes functioning in hypertension state. In addition to cognitive significance, the results of presented studies may contribute to further successes in preventing and treatment of cardiac complications associated with hypertension.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and stroke outcome
Authors: Pedard Martin , Brenière Céline , Pernet Nicolas , Vergely Catherine , Béjot Yannick , Marie Christine 
Published: November 2018

Stroke outcome is dependent on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent neuroplasticity. As peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) contain BDNF, diapedesis of these cells might be followed by BDNF delivery to the ischemic brain. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association between BDNF levels in PBMC and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. BDNF was measured in PBMC that were isolated from ischemic stroke patients ( n = 40) just before (day 0) and after (days 1 and 3) fibrinolysis. Three months after stroke, patients were stratified using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) according to the unfavorable (mRS scores 3–6) and favorable (mRS scores 0–2) functional outcome. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to assess the relationship between BDNF levels in PBMC and functional outcome. BDNF levels in PBMC decreased from day 0 to day 3 in patients with unfavorable outcome, while they remained stable in patients with favorable outcome. Patients with favorable outcome exhibited at day 3 higher PBMC-BDNF levels than patients with unfavorable outcome and the levels were associated with good outcome (odd ratio: 12.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–106.2, P = 0.023). PBMC-BDNF levels remained a predictor of stroke outcome after adjusting from cardiovascular risk, interval between admission and fibrinolysis, stroke severity from hospital admission to discharge, lymphocytes count, neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio at admission. Favorable functional outcome in ischemic stroke patients that benefited from fibrinolysis was predicted by a high BDNF level in PBMC, suggesting that PBMC might serve as a cellular vector to deliver BDNF to the ischemic brain.Impact statementThere are a great number of arguments suggesting that BDNF could be involved in stroke recovery dependent of neuroplasticity. Methods that can enhance BDNF levels in the ischemic brain could therefore have great clinical value. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that contain BDNF and infiltrate early and sustainably the ischemic brain might be used as a cellular vector to deliver BDNF to the ischemic brain and consequently promote recovery. This work is important in this field to show if this BDNF derived from BDNF could exert a positive action on stroke recovery. Our main results showed that a high BDNF level at day 3 after hospital admission was associated with a 12.4 fold increase in favorable outcome after adjusting for still recognized prognostic markers. The new information in this field is this finding identifies PBMC as an attractive cellular vector to deliver BDNF to the ischemic brain.
Early Life Trauma Predicts Affective Phenomenology and the Effects are Partly Mediated by Staging Coupled with Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defences
Authors: Maes Michael , Congio Ana , Moraes Juliana Brum , Bonifacio Kamila Landucci , Barbosa Decio Sabbatini , Vargas Heber Odebrecht , Morris Gerwyn , Puri Basant K. , Michelin Ana Paula , Nunes Sandra Odebrecht Vargas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundEarly life trauma (ELT) may drive mood disorder phenomenology, nitro-oxidative pathways and impairments in semantic memory. There are no data regarding the impact of ELT on affective phenomenology and whether these pathways are mediated by staging or lowered lipid-associated antioxidant defences.MethodsThis study examined healthy controls (n=54) and patients with affective disorders including major depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders (n=118). ELT was assessed using the Child Trauma Questionnaire. In addition, we measured affective phenomenology and assayed advanced oxidation protein products; malondialdehyde, paraoxonase 1 (CMPAase) activity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.ResultsELT was associated into with increased risk for mood and comorbid anxiety disorders and a more severe phenomenology, including staging characteristics, depression and anxiety severity, suicidal behaviours, type of treatments, disabilities, body mass index, smoking behaviour and hsCRP, as well as lowered health-related quality of life, antioxidant defences and semantic memory. The number of mood episodes and CMPAase/HDL-cholesterol levels could be reliably combined into a new vulnerability staging-biomarker index, which mediates in part the effects of ELT on affective phenomenology and oxidative stress. Moreover, the effects of female sex on mood disorders and affective phenomenology are mediated by ELT.DiscussionThe cumulative effects of different ELT drive many aspects of affective phenomenology either directly or indirectly through effects of staging and/or lipid–associated antioxidant defences. The results show that children, especially girls, with ELT are at great risk to develop mood disorders and more severe phenotypes of affective disorders.
A study of biological and lifestyle factors, including within-subject variation, affecting concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 in serum
Authors: Krintus Magdalena , Braga Federica , Kozinski Marek , Borille Simona , Kubica Jacek , Sypniewska Grazyna , Panteghini Mauro 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is an emerging cardiovascular biomarker, and a fully automated immunoassay has recently become available. The objectives of the study were to identify biological and lifestyle factors affecting serum GDF-15 concentrations and derive robust reference intervals, and to estimate GDF-15 within-subject biological variation and derived indices.

Methods
A presumably healthy population of 533 questionnaire-screened adults was used to identify the biological and lifestyle determinants of serum GDF-15. Following stringent exclusion criteria, a final group of 173 individuals was selected to establish GDF-15 reference interval. Twenty-six healthy volunteers were enrolled in the biological variation substudy.

Results
Using a multiple regression model, age, B-type natriuretic peptide and C-reactive protein as well as smoking status were significantly related to serum GDF-15 concentrations. The upper reference limit (URL) for serum GDF-15 concentrations (90% confidence interval [CI]) was 866 ng/L (733–999 ng/L), with no sex-related difference. Although GDF-15 tended to increase with age, the weak dependence of marker from age does not justify age-related URL. The within-subject CV was 6.3% (95% CI, 4.5%–8.5%), with no sex difference in intraindividual variances. The reference change value (RCV) for GDF-15 was 23%, and two are the specimens required to ensure that the mean GDF-15 result is within ±10% of the individual’s homeostatic set point.

Conclusions
By identifying the main factors influencing serum GDF-15 concentrations, we robustly established the URL to be applied in adult population. As intraindividual variation of GDF-15 is relatively low, monitoring longitudinal changes in its concentrations over time using RCV can be a good alternative for interpreting GDF-15 in clinical setting.
Analytical barriers in clinical B-type natriuretic peptide measurement and the promising analytical methods based on mass spectrometry technology
Authors: Xiao Peng , Li Hongmei , Li Xianjiang , Song Dewei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a circulating biomarker that is mainly applied in heart failure (HF) diagnosis and to monitor disease progression. Because some identical amino acid sequences occur in the precursor and metabolites of BNP, undesirable cross-reactions are common in immunoassays. This review first summarizes current analytical methods, such as immunoassay- and mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches, including the accuracy of measurement and the inconsistency of the results. Second, the review presents some promising approaches to resolve the current barriers in clinical BNP measurement, such as how to decrease cross-reactions and increase the measurement consistency. Specific approaches include research on novel BNP assays with higher-specificity chemical antibodies, the development of International System of Units (SI)-traceable reference materials, and the development of structure characterization methods based on state-of-the-art ambient and ion mobility MS technologies. The factors that could affect MS analysis are also discussed, such as biological sample cleanup and peptide ionization efficiency. The purpose of this review is to explore and identify the main problems in BNP clinical measurement and to present three types of approaches to resolve these problems, namely, materials, methods and instruments. Although novel approaches are proposed here, in practice, it is worth noting that the BNP-related peptides including unprocessed proBNP were all measured in clinical BNP assays. Therefore, approaches that aimed to measure a specific BNP or proBNP might be an effective way for the standardization of a particular BNP form measurement, instead of the standardization of “total” immunoreactive BNP assays in clinical at present.