bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate grouping of various kinematic alignment techniques and inconsistent reporting of adverse events invalidate comparison across studies: An umbrella review of meta‐analyses
Authors: Cognault Jeremy , Verdier Nicolas ,   ReSurg,   European Knee Associates (EKA), Hirschmann Michael T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThis umbrella review aimed to identify, synthesise and critically appraise the findings of meta‐analyses that compare adverse events—rates of complications, reoperations and revisions—following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using unrestricted kinematic alignment versus mechanical alignment.MethodsUsing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses criteria, two authors independently screened articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessed the methodological quality based on the 16 domains of A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR‐2). Effect sizes of difference in rates of complications were tabulated for each meta‐analysis. Studies included in the meta‐analyses were assessed to determine if they were on true unrestricted kinematic alignment. A secondary meta‐analysis was performed, excluding studies on restricted kinematic alignment techniques, to calculate pooled estimates of adverse events (odds ratio [OR] with its 95% confidence interval [CI]) in a common effects framework with inverse‐variance weighting.ResultsOf 78 potential records, 13 meta‐analyses were eligible for data extraction, which pooled data from 15 clinical studies (10 on unrestricted kinematic alignment, four on restricted kinematic alignment and one on inverse kinematic alignment). None of the meta‐analyses fulfilled all seven critical AMSTAR‐2 domains. Meta‐analyses categorised adverse events differently and used different measures for the effect sizes but revealed no differences between kinematic versus mechanical alignment. Exclusion of studies on restricted kinematic alignment techniques reduced total sample sizes for kinematic alignment from 658 to 318 and for mechanical alignment from 811 to 403. Secondary meta‐analyses exclusively on unrestricted kinematic alignment revealed no difference in complications without reoperation, reoperation without implant removal or reoperation with implant removal following kinematic versus mechanical alignment.ConclusionMeta‐analyses do not distinguish between various kinematic alignment techniques, and adverse events are compared using different metrics. Surgeons, researchers and editors should refrain from pooling data on various kinematic alignment techniques, and orthopaedic societies should promote standards for reporting adverse events and effect sizes to facilitate comparisons across future studies.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Local coral connections within an atoll reef system underlie reef resilience and persistence
Authors: Grimaldi Camille M. , Faubel Cal , Thomas Luke , Sahin Ayse D. , Ryan Nicole M. , Rayson Matt , Green Rebecca , Cuttler Michael W. , Treml Eric A. , Lowe Ryan. J. , Gilmour James P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe recovery of isolated reef systems is a complex process that is usually associated with the supply of coral larvae from distant reefs (or large‐scale connectivity). However, a frequently neglected process is the potential for supply within the reef itself (or local connectivity). In this study, we quantify and characterize the role of local connectivity over 21 yr of simulated annual coral spawning on an isolated coral reef atoll using outputs from a high‐resolution biophysical model (< 150 m horizontal resolution) along with network analysis. We find that approximatively half of the coral reef larvae dispersal remains local (within 100 s m to 10 s km of release location), while the remaining half contributes to long‐distance dispersal (> 100 s km) and is exported away from the system. Local dispersal plays a pivotal role in creating a highly‐connected network across the reef, enhancing exchanges of larvae within the same reef patches (local retention), across reef zones (e.g., lagoon, reef flat), and across the larger reef system. Finally, we show that this highly‐connected network exhibits a certain level of robustness, even when exposed to environmental stressors such as thermal‐induced mortality. Our findings highlight the previously overlooked role of local scale dispersal in driving recovery of isolated reef systems and emphasize the importance of targeted local management actions, indicating that efforts directed at enhancing and preserving local connectivity can have a substantial impact on the overall health and resilience of isolated reef ecosystems.
Plasma Metabolomic Signatures of H. pylori Infection, Alcohol Drinking, Smoking, and Risk of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Yu Yuhui , Zheng Zhonghua , Gao Xinxiang , Gu Yuanliang , Zhang Min , Hu Beiping , Gao Qian , Li Zhe , Chen Yan , Li Qian , Shen Fang , Zhu Meng , Hang Dong , Zhan Qiang , Wang Lu , Shen Chong , Lu Xiangfeng , Gu Dongfeng , Ma Hongxia , Shen Hongbing , Jin Guangfu , Yan Caiwang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCirculating metabolic profiles have shown promising potential in identifying high‐risk populations for various diseases, while metabolic perturbation plays an important role in gastric cancer. In this study, we conducted a cross‐sectional study with 1800 participants to identify plasma metabolite signatures associated with environmental risk factors of gastric cancer. Subsequently, we evaluated the association between these signatures and gastric cancer risk in a nested case–control study involving 326 gastric cancer cases and 326 matched cancer‐free controls. We conducted mediation analyses to elucidate the potential impact of metabolites on the association between environmental factors and gastric cancer. In the cross‐sectional study, we identified 46 metabolites associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, 365 with alcohol drinking, and 154 with smoking status. In the nested case–control study, 60 plasma metabolites, comprising 30 lipids, 15 amino acids, 6 xenobiotics, 3 nucleotides, 2 cofactors and vitamins, 2 carbohydrate, 1 energy, and 1 peptide, were associated with gastric cancer risk. A one‐standard deviation increment in the H. pylori infection‐related metabolomic signature was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.32–2.09, p = 1.62 × 10−5). Furthermore, the effect of H. pylori infection on gastric cancer was partially mediated by the metabolomic signature (23.28%, 95% CI: 0.09–0.56) or adenine (13.69%, 95% CI: 0.05–0.31). In conclusion, we have identified metabolites associated with environmental factors and demonstrated the association between the H. pylori infection signature and gastric cancer risk. The findings provide novel insights into characterizing high‐risk population for gastric cancer.
Sustained Clinical Benefit of Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease Using Gamma Oscillations: A Case Report
Authors: Cernera Stephanie , Oehrn Carina R. , Hammer Lauren H. , Shcherbakova Maria , Yao Jiaang , Hahn Amelia , Wang Sarah , Ostrem Jill L. , Little Simon , Starr Philip A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS) dynamically adjusts stimulation parameters according to patient needs. We recently showed that chronic aDBS utilizing invasive neural signals for feedback control is superior to conventional DBS (cDBS) during normal daily life in a 2‐month trial. The stability of aDBS over longer periods remains unclear.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of aDBS on motor symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in one individual with Parkinson's disease over 8 months.MethodsWe used stimulation‐entrained cortical gamma oscillations as a control signal for aDBS in the subthalamic nucleus and quantified benefits using motor diary ratings, QoL scales, and wearable metrics.ResultsWe found that aDBS delivered superior and consistent benefits compared with baseline cDBS in measures of bradykinesia and QoL.ConclusionsaDBS can achieve prolonged, stable improvement over clinically optimized cDBS. The neural signal remains stable, and aDBS parameters remain appropriate over extended periods. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Drought forecasting with regionalization of climate variables and generalized linear model
Authors: Lee Taesam , Kong Yejin , Lee Joo‐Heon , Won Chang‐Hee 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSpring drought forecasting is essential in South Korea for managing water resources reliably and cultivating agricultural products efficiently, as seasonal rainfall difference often drives water shortage during spring. In the current study, a novel scheme for spring drought forecasting was suggested by extensively searching appropriate predictors from the global climate variable: here mean sea level pressure (MSLP) of the winter season due to its time lag for forecasting. The target series was estimated with the median of the spring precipitation series of the weather stations over South Korea, called the accumulated spring precipitation (ASP). A number of points of the MSLP data were detected as significant cross‐correlation with the ASP and also the points were regionally grouped. Therefore, the regionalization for the high correlation points was performed, resulting in three regions, such as Arctic Ocean (R1), South Pacific (R2), and South Africa (R3). The R1 and R2 regions are located at the places where climate indices have been developed such as Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation for R1 and the indicator of El‐Nino and Southern Oscillation for R2. The generalized linear model (GLM) was adopted in ASP drought forecasting with the driven three regionalized indices as the predictors of the ASP. The result indicates that the regionalized indices can produce a good performance in forecasting the ASP. The forecasting result can be employed as a good tool for managing water resources and planning better cultivation in agriculture industries.
Synthesis of Four‐Coupled‐Line Based Wideband Coupler With Inherent Filtering Feature and Its Modification
Authors: Zhang Yan , Liu Hongmei , Zhang Siran , Wang Zhongbao , Fang Shaojun 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the paper, a compact wideband filtering quadrature coupler is proposed, which utilizes the inherent filtering feature of the unequal‐width four‐coupled‐line (FCL) for the first time. Simply by assigning four terminals of the FCL as open‐circuited, the functions of power division, quadrature phase, and inherent filtering response are obtained simultaneously within a wideband. It also has the merits of high directivity and low insertion loss. Since the proposed FDC has the inherent filtering feature without adding extra resonators, the size is the smallest (0.29λg × 0.13λg), and the structure is the simplest when compared with state‐of‐the‐art wideband FDCs. Moreover, based on the derived universal impedance matrix of the unequal‐width FCL, the FCL‐based coupler, as well as other multiport circuits, can be theoretically analyzed. For validation, a prototype is implemented. Measurements show that the proposed coupler exhibits a bandwidth of over 45% under the conditions of 10‐dB return loss, 10‐dB isolation, 0.5‐dB amplitude imbalance, and 5° phase difference error. Besides, the stopband rejection is more than 15 dB, and the rectangle coefficient (RC = |BW20 dB/BW3 dB|) reaches 1.74. Further, as a modification, the high‐frequency selectivity characteristic (RC = 1.11) can be obtained by simply inserting λ/2 stepped impedance resonators with less influence on in‐band performance and little increase in size.
Prospective motion correction for R2* and susceptibility mapping using spherical navigators
Authors: Hewlett Miriam , Oran Omer , Liu Junmin , Drangova Maria 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo perform prospective motion correction (PMC) for improved and susceptibility mapping using a purely navigator‐based approach.MethodsSpherical navigators (SNAVs) were combined with an additional FID readout for simultaneous measurement of motion and zeroth‐order field shifts. The resulting FIDSNAVs were interleaved for PMC of a multi‐echo gradient echo sequence with retrospective correction. Experiments were performed on a 3T scanner with a 32‐channel head coil. Performance was assessed in five volunteers with motion prompts derived from real unintentional motion trajectories.ResultsAt short TEs, PMC alone was sufficient to achieve good image quality; at longer TEs, retrospective correction was often just as important for artifact reduction as motion correction. Both PMC and retrospective correction reduced error in and susceptibility maps for all participants. Residual artifacts were observed in the most severe motion case.ConclusionCombining SNAVs with an additional FID readout enables simultaneous motion and field correction with no additional hardware requirements, improving the fidelity of quantitative mapping in the presence of motion.
Mechanically anisotropic phantoms for magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Eckstein Kevin N. , Yoon Daniel , Ruding Margrethe , Balouchzadeh Ramin , Thompson‐Mazzeo Aaliyah , Okamoto Ruth J. , Johnson Curtis L. , McGarry Matthew D. J. , Bayly Philip V. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeImaging phantoms with known anisotropic mechanical properties are needed to evaluate magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) methods to estimate anisotropic parameters. The aims of this study were to fabricate mechanically anisotropic MRE phantoms, characterize their mechanical behavior by direct testing, then assess the accuracy of MRE estimates of anisotropic properties using a transversely isotropic nonlinear inversion (TI‐NLI) algorithm.MethodsDirectionally scaled and unscaled lattices were designed to exhibit anisotropic or isotropic mechanical properties. Lattices were three‐dimensionally printed in poly(ethelyne glycol) diacrylate using a commercial digital light processing printer, then infilled with gelatin to form a composite material. Benchtop testing determined two shear stiffnesses, and , governing loading parallel and perpendicular to the symmetry axis, and two analogous Young's moduli and . From these measures, shear anisotropy = and tensile anisotropy = were calculated. Three phantoms were driven by a central actuator and imaged with MRE at frequencies from 300 to 500 Hz. From MRE data, the TI‐NLI algorithm estimated maps of , , and .ResultsIn benchtop tests, geometrically scaled lattice composites exhibited the following anisotropic properties: = 6.1 ± 0.7 kPa, = 0.83 ± 0.13, = 0.78 ± 0.09} (mean ± standard deviation). MRE of scaled lattice composites revealed elliptical wavefields; TI‐NLI analysis identified the following median property ranges: = 11–19 kPa, = 0.6–1.0, = 0.8–1.6}.ConclusionAnisotropic MRE phantoms are created by embedding anisotropic three‐dimensionally printed lattices into a softer matrix. The TI‐NLI algorithm accurately estimates spatial contrast in anisotropic properties.
General Solution for Longitudinal Response of Shield Tunnel Considering the Effects of Joints and Soil Shear Resistance
Authors: Huang Weiming , Zang Yanwei , Wang Jinchang , Liu Changbao , Yang Zhongxuan , Xu Rongqiao , Fang Huajian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces a general solution for assessing the longitudinal response of shield tunnels, incorporating the combined effects of joints and soil shear resistance. The analysis employs the Timoshenko beam spring model atop a Vlasov foundation, subjected to arbitrary loads and various boundary conditions. Governing equations and relevant boundary conditions are derived using a variational formulation. Validation is conducted against existing simplified analytical solutions and finite element method simulations, showing the efficacy of the proposed solution. Comparative analyses of different models are undertaken based on the potential energy considerations. Additionally, a parametric study explores influential factors such as subgrade shear and reaction coefficients, as well as joint stiffnesses. Findings highlight the significance of accounting for the soil shear resistance and caution against underestimation when using equivalent continuous beam models. The proposed solution improves the prediction accuracy for the longitudinal response of shield tunnels and offers several benefits including compatibility with other analytical models, computation efficiency, and versatility in considering diverse loads and boundary conditions.
Quality prediction and process optimization in abrasive waterjet cutting of ultra‐thick carbon fiber reinforced polymer
Authors: Liang Wei , Cheng Liang , Dong Huiyue , Guo Yingjie , Ke Yinglin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSurface roughness and delamination extent are key indicators for assessing the surface quality of machined carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. This study conducted an in‐depth investigation on the uncontrollable surface quality of abrasive water jet (AWJ) machining of ultra‐thick CFRP. Considering the sensitivity of the laminate structure to the jet impact angle, an optimized response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of process parameters on surface roughness. Additionally, the differences in surface roughness on both sides of the kerf under non‐orthogonal cutting were examined. Based on these analyses, a surface roughness prediction model was developed. Furthermore, the study comprehensively analyzed the effects of material mechanical properties and process parameters on delamination damage. Using dimensional analysis, a predictive model for the maximum delamination length, considering jet energy dissipation, was established. The novelty of this research is to reveal the difference in surface quality on both sides of the kerf under non‐orthogonal cutting, and to establish prediction models for surface roughness and delamination damage based on the energy dissipation characteristics of ultra‐thick CFRP AWJ machining. This research provides essential modeling foundations for enhancing the controllability of AWJ machining quality for ultra‐thick CFRP complex components.Highlights
Surface roughness and delamination damage impact AWJ use for ultra‐thick CFRP.
Non‐orthogonal cutting causes surface quality differences on kerf sides.
A model for kerf surface roughness at any jet impact angle was established.
The delamination mechanism in internal path cutting was analyzed.
The delamination length model for ultra‐thick CFRP laminates was established.
A comprehensive study of ultrasonic detection and damage quantification of barely visible impact damages in a carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite material
Authors: Ravindranath Pruthul Kokkada , Pulipati Daniel P. , Emerson Nathan , Jack David A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis work investigates detection and evaluation of barely visible impact damage (BVID) on a carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite using non‐destructive evaluation. Specifically, this paper presents a novel method to analyze full waveform from ultrasonic data captured from a new field portable inspection station. Forty‐eight samples are impacted between 8 and 16 J representing a spectrum of surface damage below the visual threshold to barely visible surface damage. The samples are conditioned at cold and dry (5°C and 10%RH) to hot and wet (50°C and 90%RH) environmental conditions prior to inspection. Data collection for ultrasonic inspection is performed on a novel portable inspection system outside of an immersion tank, and the captured full waveform data is analyzed. The waveforms are analyzed using a new automated analysis approach presented in the current manuscript, and the effective diameter of the subsurface damage as a function of depth is extracted from the data set. The extracted three‐dimensional damage zone from the analysis of the ultrasound data shows damage increasing from the surface that is at or below the visual inspection threshold to a circular like damage zone with an effective diameter subsurface that is more than 20 mm. These damage zones are compared to the analyzed μCT data sets, and the average error is nominally 1 mm in characterizing the effective diameter at any depth. There is little correlation between the error and the impact energy or the environmental conditions studied, with the error ranging from 4% to 6% over the samples investigated.Highlights
Out of immersion tank, field‐portable ultrasound inspection station, to detect BVID.
Automated procedure to characterize three dimensionally the damage from a barely visible impact damage event.
Sensitivity to environmental conditioning is investigated for its impact on inspections.
Results validated with x‐ray CT with a typical accuracy of 1.32 mm.
An induction curing technique for CFRP laminate via magnetic particle‐induced in situ heating
Authors: Li Yichao , Hu Xiafen , Hao Lei , Liang Jiqiu , Wu Dan , Sun Ao , Xi Zhaojun , Jin Peng , Xiong Yi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCuring high‐performance carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures with economical and energy‐efficient off‐oven techniques is important for the widespread application of the composite. In this work, we reported a magnetic particle‐induced in situ heating method to controllably cure CFRP laminates with stacking sequences of [0]8, [0/90]4s and [0/45/90/−45]2s. Results showed that all the laminates can undergo a consistent, layup‐independent two‐staged heating protocol via regulating the magnetic field intensity. Under the same curing protocol, the three stacking‐sequenced CFRP laminates can be cured more completely under induction heating than oven heating, in addition to a moderately improved tensile and flexural properties. However, the porosity of the laminates slightly increased under induction heating. The proposed new curing method provides a new avenue to the fabrication of advanced CFRP composite structures without oven or autoclave.Highlights
A particle‐induced in situ heating method to controllably cure carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates was proposed.
This method was capable to cure CFRP laminates with different stacking sequences.
Mechanical property of laminates was moderately improved under this method.
State “Pandemic Pods”: US regional coalitions and their responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: McOmber Chesney , Kirchhoff Christine J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 pandemic began to unfold in the late winter and early spring of 2020, US states began to work collaboratively in regional coalitions to manage a rapidly developing public health crisis. These coalitions were made up of states that were geographically contiguous and, more importantly, built upon previous working relationships. We explore two regional coalitions—the Multistate Council and the Western States Pact in the northeast and western United States, respectively. We find that these regional coalitions each drew from institutional memory‐previous collaborative policies—to craft their collective COVID‐19 responses and that this approach produced two different outcomes. While these regional coalitions urgently provided critical resources (including institutional knowledge) to respond to the spreading pandemic, it may have also reflected a limit of institutional memory—path dependency which limited the regional coalitions' abilities to learn from each other and experience the benefits of other coalition approaches.