bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial communities within Phengaris (Maculinea) alcon caterpillars are shifted following transition from solitary living to social parasitism of Myrmica ant colonies
Authors: Szenteczki Mark A. , Pitteloud Camille , Casacci Luca P. , Kešnerová Lucie , Whitaker Melissa R.L. , Engel Philipp , Vila Roger , Alvarez Nadir 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBacterial symbionts are known to facilitate a wide range of physiological processes and ecological interactions for their hosts. In spite of this, caterpillars with highly diverse life histories appear to lack resident microbiota. Gut physiology, endogenous digestive enzymes, and limited social interactions may contribute to this pattern, but the consequences of shifts in social activity and diet on caterpillar microbiota are largely unknown. Phengaris alcon caterpillars undergo particularly dramatic social and dietary shifts when they parasitize Myrmica ant colonies, rapidly transitioning from solitary herbivory to ant tending (i.e., receiving protein‐rich regurgitations through trophallaxis). This unique life history provides a model for studying interactions between social living, diet, and caterpillar microbiota. Here, we characterized and compared bacterial communities within P. alcon caterpillars before and after their association with ants, using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantitative PCR. After being adopted by ants, bacterial communities within P. alcon caterpillars shifted substantially, with a significant increase in alpha diversity and greater consistency in bacterial community composition in terms of beta dissimilarity. We also characterized the bacterial communities within their host ants (Myrmica schencki), food plant (Gentiana cruciata), and soil from ant nest chambers. These data indicated that the aforementioned patterns were influenced by bacteria derived from caterpillars’ surrounding environments, rather than through transfers from ants. Thus, while bacterial communities are substantially reorganized over the life cycle of P. alcon caterpillars, it appears that they do not rely on transfers of bacteria from host ants to complete their development.
Pleistocene climate change and phylogeographic structure of the Gymnocarpos przewalskii (Caryophyllaceae) in the northwest China: Evidence from plastid DNA, ITS sequences, and Microsatellite
Authors: Jia Shu‐wen , Zhang Ming‐li 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNorthwestern China has a wealth of endemic species, which has been hypothesized to be affected by the complex paleoclimatic and paleogeographic history during Quaternary. In this paper, we used Gymnocarpos przewalskii as a model to address the evolutionary history and current population genetic structure of species in northwestern China. We employed two chloroplast DNA fragments (rps16 and psbB‐psbI), one nuclear DNA fragment (ITS), and simple sequence repeat (SSRs) to investigate the spatial genetic pattern of G. przewalskii. High genetic diversity (cpDNA: hS = 0.330, hT = 0.866; ITS: hS = 0.458, hT = 0.872) was identified in almost all populations, and most of the population have private haplotypes. Moreover, multimodal mismatch distributions were observed and estimates of Tajima's D and Fu's FS tests did not identify significantly departures from neutrality, indicating that recent expansion of G. przewalskii was rejected. Thus, we inferred that G. przewalskii survived generally in northwestern China during the Pleistocene. All data together support the genotypes of G. przewalskii into three groups, consistent with their respective geographical distributions in the western regions—Tarim Basin, the central regions—Hami Basin and Hexi Corridor, and the eastern regions—Alxa Desert and Wulate Prairie. Divergence among most lineages of G. przewalskii occurred in the Pleistocene, and the range of potential distributions is associated with glacial cycles. We concluded that climate oscillation during Pleistocene significantly affected the distribution of the species.
Comparative assessment of nonlinear static and dynamic methods for analysing building response under sequential earthquake and tsunami
Authors: Rossetto Tiziana , De la Barra Camilo , Petrone Crescenzo , De la Llera Juan Carlos , Vásquez Jorge , Baiguera Marco 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper presents a comprehensive comparison of different dynamic and static approaches for assessing building performance under sequential earthquakes and tsunami. A 10‐storey reinforced concrete seismically designed Japanese vertical evacuation structure is adopted as a case study for the investigation. The case study building is first assessed under sequential earthquake and tsunami nonlinear response history analyses: the first time this is done in the literature. The resulting engineering demand parameters are then compared with those obtained when the analysis procedure is systematically simplified by substituting different static approaches for the nonlinear response history analyses in both the earthquake and tsunami loading phases. Different unloading approaches are also tested for the cases when an earthquake pushover is adopted. The results show that an earthquake nonlinear response history analysis, followed by a transient free vibration and a tsunami variable depth pushover, provides the best alternative to full dynamic analyses in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. This structural analysis combination is recommended and has the advantage that it does not require the tsunami inundation time history to be known in advance. The proposed double pushover approach is instead deemed only suitable for the collapse assessment of regular low to mid‐rise buildings and for the development of collapse fragility functions. An important observation made is that sustained earthquake damage seems not to affect the tsunami resistance of the case study building when the fully dynamic analysis is carried out for the sequential loading. This observation will be the subject of future work.
Influence of micro‐pore structure in tight sandstone reservoir on the seepage and water‐drive producing mechanism—a case study from Chang 6 reservoir in Huaqing area of Ordos basin
Authors: Ren Xiaoxia , Li Aifen , Fu Shuaishi , Tian Weibing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo study the influence of pore structure on the seepage and water‐drive producing mechanisms, various methods were combined to describe the micro‐pore structure in the Chang 6 tight sandstone reservoir in the Huaqing area, Ordos Basin, China. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was combined with displacement experiments to determine the distribution of oil and water in pores of different scales before and after water flooding. There are few micro pores in the reservoir. As permeability increases, the distribution of nano pores decreases, while sub‐micro pores increase. Also, sub‐micro pores are the main pathway within the reservoir. There is a negative power function correlation between the minimum starting pressure gradient of the oil (Swc) and maximum throat radius. Also, with a decrease of permeability, smaller pore throats become more abundant and the nonlinear section of the flow velocity‐differential pressure curves increase. There is a large amount of crude oil gathering in the nano pores. As permeability increases, the main sources of movable oil are from the nano pores (kg < 0.4 × 10−3 μm2), sub‐micro pores (kg ≈ 0.4 × 10−3 μm2‐1.0 × 10−3 μm2), and micro pores (kg > 1.0 × 10−3 μm2). Displacement efficiency is always the highest in sub‐micro pores.
Extracting scenario archetypes: A quantitative text analysis of documents about the future
Authors: Fergnani Alessandro , Jackson Mike 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe propose a scenario planning method that combines quantitative text analysis with the creation of scenario narratives. We design a variation in the scenario archetypes method (Dator, Journal of Futures Studies, 14, 1–18, 2009), a futures method to create four archetypal scenarios based on four predetermined generic alternative futures named continued growth, collapse, discipline, and transformation. In our variation, we extract archetypal information on the futures from documents about the future via quantitative text analytic techniques, and qualitatively elaborate this information into comprehensive narrative scenarios. This method can harness the abundance of unstructured textual data, significantly reducing the time employed to collect the relevant building block information to write scenarios without decreasing the scenarios’ quality. On the contrary, the text analytic algorithm we use allows us to identify very rich and archetype‐specific information. We present the result of an application of this method in a case study on the futures of work. The method's contributions to the futures literature and limitations are discussed.
Metformin‐induced autophagy and irisin improves INS‐1 cell function and survival in high‐glucose environment via AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α signal pathway
Authors: Li Qingxue , Jia Shaohui , Xu Lei , Li Biao , Chen Ning 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn order to explore the protective function of metformin on pancreatic β cells to alleviate insulin resistance and underlying mechanisms, INS‐1 cells were cultured into normal control (N), high glucose (H), high glucose and metformin (H + Met), high glucose and chloroquine (H + CQ), and high glucose and Ex527 (H + Ex527) groups, respectively. Upon 24‐hr cultivation, the proliferation and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) of INS‐1 cells were determined, and the expression of irisin and other proteins associated with AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α signal pathway, autophagy, and apoptosis was evaluated. Compared with the N group, the cells from the H group revealed lower proliferation, GSIS, and expression of irisin and proteins associated with AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α signal pathway and autophagy, but higher expression of proteins associated with apoptosis; in contrast, metformin could significantly rescue lower cell proliferation, GSIS, and expression of proteins associated with AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α signal pathway and autophagy, as well as irisin, and suppress apoptosis in high‐glucose environment. Meanwhile, autophagy inhibitor CQ and SIRT1 inhibitor Ex527 can block above functions of metformin. Therefore, metformin can promote INS‐1 cell proliferation, enhance GSIS, and suppress apoptosis by activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC‐1α signal pathway, up‐regulating irisin expression, and inducing autophagy in INS‐1 cells in high‐glucose environment.
Lectin microarray profiling and monosaccharide analysis of bovine milk immunoglobulin G oligosaccharides during the first 10 days of lactation
Authors: Feeney Shane , Gerlach Jared Q. , Slattery Helen , Kilcoyne Michelle , Hickey Rita M. , Joshi Lokesh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImmunoglobulin G (IgG) in bovine milk is credited with ensuring efficient passive immunity for newborn calves. Bovine milk IgG glycosylation may also have positive impacts on the health of nonbovine consumers of cow's milk. Milk IgG's glycosylation contributes to effector function and may also protect it from protease digestion, allowing IgG to reach the intestine for absorption. However, relatively little is known about changes in milk IgG oligosaccharide presentation and composition over early lactation. In this work, IgG was isolated from milk pooled from three cows at four time points over the first 10 days of lactation postparturition. Purified IgG was labeled with a fluorescent dye and interrogated with a microarray consisting of 48 carbohydrate‐binding proteins (lectins) from plant, fungal, and bacterial sources. Lectin microarray profiles suggested that only subtle changes in the glycosylation of IgG occurred during days 2 and 3 of lactation, but by day 10, the lectin profile diverged from the other three time points. Monosaccharide analysis carried out after hydrolysis confirmed that the ratios of oligosaccharide components remained relatively stable through day 3 and also that sialylation was substantially reduced by day 10. The differences that were observed for glycosylation suggest that different functionalities associated with IgG glycosylation may be required in the first days of life.
Distinct and opposite profiles of connectivity during self‐reference task and rest in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis
Authors: Damme Katherine S. F. , Pelletier‐Baldelli Andrea , Cowan Henry R. , Orr Joseph M. , Mittal Vijay A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSelf‐reference is impaired in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, associated with disability, and closely related to characteristic patterns of aberrant brain connectivity. However, at present, it is unclear whether self‐reference is impacted in pathogenesis of the disorder. Alterations in connectivity during a self‐reference task or resting‐state in the psychosis risk (i.e., prodromal) period may yield important clues for biomarker development, as well as for novel treatment targets. This study examined a task‐based and resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis (n = 22) and healthy control unaffected peers (n = 20). The self‐reference task comprised three task conditions where subjects were asked if an adjective was relevant to themselves (self), a designated other individual (other), or to evaluate the word's spelling (letter). Connectivity analyses examined medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), regions commonly found in conjunction analyses of self‐reference, during both the self‐reference task and rest. In task connectivity analyses, CHR individuals exhibited decreased mPFC–PCC connectivity when compared to controls. In resting‐state analyses, CHR participants showed greater mPFC–PCC connectivity. Taken together, results suggest that psychosis‐like alterations in mPFC–PCC connectivity is present prior to psychosis onset across both task and rest.
Parametric study on the performance of the earth‐to‐air heat exchanger for cooling and heating applications
Authors: Hasan Mushtaq I. , Noori Sajad W. , Shkarah Ahmed J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo reduce energy consumption, the earth‐to‐air heat exchanger (EAHE) is a suitable technique for cooling and heating buildings. This paper studies numerically the effect of some design parameters (pipe diameter, inlet condition, pipe length, and outlet condition) on the overall performance of the EAHE system. Four diameters of the EAHE pipe (2, 3, 4, and 6 in) are studied and this numerical study has been done for summer and winter seasons for Nasiriyah city in southern Iraq. First, the built numerical model was validated against the experimental model, and the results of comparison showed a good consensus. After the validation and by using computational fluid dynamics modeling, the overall performance of the EAHE system with all pipe diameters was analyzed with ranges of air velocity, DBT or inlet temperature, and a pipe length of 50 m. The simulated results showed that the EAHE system with 6 in pipe diameter has the best values of overall performance, but from the thermal performance point of view, the 2 in pipe diameter is more suitable.
Forecasting the volatility of theAustralian dollar using high‐frequency data:Does estimator accuracy improve forecast evaluation?
Authors: Bailey George , Steeley James M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe compare forecasts of the volatility of the Australian dollar exchange rate to alternative measures of ex post volatility. We develop and apply a simple test for the improvement in the ability of loss functions to distinguish between forecasts when the quality of a volatility estimator is increased. We find that both realized variance and the daily high–low range provide a significant improvement in loss function convergence relative to squared returns. We find that a model of stochastic volatility provides the best forecasts for models that use daily data, and the GARCH(1,1) model provides the best forecast using high‐frequency data.
Expected market returns: SVIX, realized volatility, and the role of dividends
Authors: Lof Matthijs 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis note provides a replication of Martin's (Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2017, 132(1), 367–433) finding that the implied volatility measure SVIX predicts US stock market returns up to 12‐month horizons. I find that this result holds for both S&P 500 and CRSP market returns, regardless of whether returns include or exclude dividends. The predictability largely disappears after the SVIX index is replaced by an exponentially weighted moving average measure of realized volatility, suggesting that SVIX holds incremental forward‐looking information compared to realized volatility, despite the high correlation between the two volatility measures.
The role of BAFF and APRIL in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Shabgah Arezoo G. , Shariati‐Sarabi Zhaleh , Tavakkol‐Afshari Jalil , Mohammadi Mojgan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDevelopment and activation of B cells quickly became clear after identifying new ligands and receptors in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. B cell–activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) are the members of membrane proteins Type 2 family released by proteolytic cleavage of furin to form active, soluble homotrimers. Except for B cells, ligands are expressed by all such immune cells like T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages. BAFF and APRIL have two common receptors, namely TNFR homolog transmembrane activator and Ca2+ modulator and CAML interactor (TACI) and B cell–maturation antigen. BAFF alone can also be coupled with a third receptor called BAFFR (also called BR3 or BLyS Receptor). These receptors are often expressed by immune cells in the B‐cell lineage. The binding of BAFF or APRIL to their receptors supports B cells differentiation and proliferation, immunoglobulin production and the upregulation of B cell–effector molecules expression. It is possible that the overexpression of BAFF and APRIL contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In BAFF transgenic mice, there is a pseudo‐autoimmune manifestation, which is associated with an increase in B‐lymphocytes, hyperglobulinemia, anti‐single stranded DNA, and anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibodies, and immune complexes in their peripheral blood. Furthermore, overexpressing BAFF augments the number of peripheral B220+ B cells with a normal proliferation rate, high levels of Bcl2, and prolonged survival and hyperactivity. Therefore, in this review article, we studied BAFF and APRIL as important mediators in B‐cell and discussed their role in rheumatoid arthritis.
Irisin attenuates oxidized low‐density lipoprotein impaired angiogenesis through AKT/mTOR/S6K1/Nrf2 pathway
Authors: Zhang Min , Xu Yinjie , Jiang Li 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is known that irisin increases total body energy expenditure, decreases body weight, and enhances insulin sensitivity. Although previous studies have demonstrated that irisin induces vascular endothelial cell (EC) angiogenesis, the molecular mechanisms underlying irisin‐induced angiogenesis under conditions reflecting atherosclerosis are not known. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether irisin could inhibit oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) impaired angiogenesis. We investigated the effect of irisin on angiogenesis in vitro by evaluating cell viability, cell migration, and the capacity to form capillary‐like tubes using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells (HUVECs and HMEC‐1) that were treated with oxLDL. We also evaluated the effects of irisin on angiogenesis in vivo by Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay and in a chicken embryo membrane (CAM) model. Our results demonstrated that irisin increased oxLDL‐treated EC viability as well as migration and tube formation. Moreover, oxLDL inhibited angiogenic response in vivo, both in the Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay and in the CAM model, and was attenuated by irisin. Furthermore, irisin decreased apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in oxLDL‐treated EC. In addition, we found that irisin upregulated pAkt/mTOR/Nrf2 in oxLDL‐treated EC. Both mTOR/Nrf2 shRNA and LY294002 could inhibit the protective effect of irisin. Taken together these results, they suggested that irisin attenuates oxLDL‐induced vascular injury by activating the Akt/mTOR/Nrf2 pathway. Our findings suggest that irisin attenuates oxLDL‐induced blood vessel injury.
Oncogenic effects of exosomes in γ‐herpesvirus‐associated neoplasms
Authors: Zheng Jiayu , Shi Yiwan , Feng Zhenyu , Zheng Yilu , Li Zhanhao , Zhao Yi , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are herpesviruses associated with human malignancies. As exosomes can shuttle many herpesvirus‐associated biomolecules from host cells to recipient cells, the exosomal pathway is utilized by herpesviruses to achieve extensive infections and even oncogenesis. In this review, we discuss the oncogenic biomolecules present in exosomes derived from KSHV‐ and EBV‐infected cells. Moreover, oncogenesis via exosomal biomolecules mainly occurs through three processes, including regulation of downstream signals, promotion of immune dysfunction and transformation of cells. Also, the exosomes may provide diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets specific for KSHV‐ and EBV‐associated malignancies.
Retracted: Long noncoding RNA PEG10 facilitates bladder cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion via repressing microRNA‐29b
Authors: Liang Tingting , Wang Yongkun , Wang Yonggang , Wang Yao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNA paternally expressed gene 10 (lncRNA PEG10) has been certified to regulate cell proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis in diversified cancer cells. Nevertheless, the functions of PEG10 in bladder cancer cells remain uninvestigated. We tried to probe the impacts of PEG10 on proliferation, migration, and invasion of bladder cancer cells. PEG10 expression in SV‐HUC‐1, T24, RT4, and 253J‐BV cells was estimated by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). After pc‐PEG10 or sh‐PEG10 transfection, the impacts of PEG10 on T24 and 253J‐BV cell viability, migration, invasion, and the relevant proteins were disclosed via employing CCK‐8, Transwell, and western blot. The relevancy between miR‐29b and PEG10 was probed, and the influences of overexpressed miR‐29b in above‐mentioned cell biological processes were reassessed. Wnt/β‐catenin and JNK pathways were ultimately analyzed to unmake the underling mechanism. We found that overexpressed PEG10 facilitated cell viability and upregulated CyclinD1, CDK4, and CDK6 in T24 and 253J‐BV cells. Cell migration and invasion were also elevated by overexpressed PEG10 through the enhancement of MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and Vimentin. In addition, repressed miR‐29b was observed in PEG10‐overexpressed T24 and 253J‐BV cells. Moreover, overexpressed miR‐29b overtly overturned the carcinogenic impacts of PEG10 on T24 cells. The activations of Wnt/β‐catenin and JNK pathways were enhanced by overexpressed PEG10 via mediating miR‐29b. SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) disposition reversed the acceerative impacts of PEG10 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in T24 cells. In conclusion, the investigations testified that PEG10 gave play to the carcinogenic impacts on bladder cancer cells via mediating miR‐29b‐Wnt/β‐catenin‐JNK axis.