bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal Muscle Abnormalities and Iron Deficiency in Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Melenovsky Vojtech , Hlavata Katerina , Sedivy Petr , Dezortova Monika , Borlaug Barry A. , Petrak Jiri , Kautzner Josef , Hajek Milan 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Heart failure (HF) is often associated with iron deficiency (ID). Skeletal muscle abnormalities are common in HF, but the potential role of ID in this phenomenon is unclear. In addition to hemopoiesis, iron is essential for muscle bioenergetics. We examined whether energetic abnormalities in skeletal muscle in HF are affected by ID and if they are responsive to intravenous iron.

Methods and Results:

Forty-four chronic HF subjects and 25 similar healthy volunteers underwent
31
P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of calf muscle at rest and during exercise (plantar flexions). Results were compared between HF subjects with or without ID. In 13 ID-HF subjects, examinations were repeated 1 month after intravenous ferric carboxymaltose administration (1000 mg). As compared with controls, HF subjects displayed lower resting high-energy phosphate content, lower exercise pH, and slower postexercise PCr recovery. Compared with non-ID HF, ID-HF subjects had lower muscle strength, larger PCr depletion, and more profound intracellular acidosis with exercise, consistent with an earlier metabolic shift to anaerobic glycolysis. The exercise-induced PCr drop strongly correlated with pH change in HF group (
r
=−0.71,
P
<0.001) but not in controls (
r
=0.13,
P
=0.61, interaction:
P
<0.0001). Short-term iron administration corrected the iron deficit but had no effect on muscle bioenergetics assessed 1 month later.

Conclusions:
HF patients display skeletal muscle myopathy that is more severe in those with iron deficiency. The presence of ID is associated with greater acidosis with exercise, which may explain early muscle fatigue. Further study is warranted to identify the strategy to restore iron content in skeletal muscle.
Forgetting in Social Chains: The Impact of Cognition on Information Propagation
Authors: Drost-Lopez Jose , Coman Alin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractListening to a speaker selectively practicing previously encoded information leads to better memory for the practiced information, but at the same time results in induced forgetting of related memories. These effects have been found to occur due to the concurrent, and covert, retrieval of information on the part of the listener. Using a modified version of the method of serial reproduction (Bartlett, 1932), this study explored the degree to which rehearsal and retrieval-induced forgetting effects propagated in 64 3-person-chains of connected participants. We manipulated the degree of concurrent retrieval from the part of the listener by activating high and low relational motivations during the listening task. We showed that the degree of propagation of retrieval-induced forgetting was larger when concurrent retrieval was activated (high-relational motivation) than when concurrent retrieval was attenuated (low-relational motivation). This study provides a framework that aims to bridge between micro-level cognitive phenomena and macro-level social dynamics.
‘Misisti manum tuam ex alto’: Manichaean Imagery of Christ as God’s Hand in Augustine’s Confessions?
Authors: van Oort Johannes 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The article first explores Augustine’s conspicuous references to ‘God’s Hand’ in his Confessions by presenting a fresh translation and brief commentary of the relevant texts. In the commentary special attention is given to the possible signifiance of these texts to (former) Manichaean readers. It is concluded that Augustine’s eye-catching imagery is not only inspired by biblical language and—in all likelihood—by predecessors in the Christian tradition such as Irenaeus and especially Ambrose, but also strikingly coincides with an essential metaphor of the Manichaeans. This feature once again underlines the importance of the Manichaean element in Augustine’s Confessions.
The Importance of Using Multiple Data Sources in Policy Assessments: Lessons From Two Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in New York City
Authors: Yang Edith , Hendra Richard 
Published: September 2018

Background: The high costs of implementing surveys are increasingly leading research teams to either cut back on surveys or to rely on administrative records. Yet no policy should be based on a single set of estimates, and every approach has its weaknesses. A mixture of approaches, each with its own biases, should provide the analyst with a better understanding of the underlying phenomenon. This claim is illustrated with a comparison of employment effect estimates of two conditional cash transfer programs in New York City using survey and administrative unemployment insurance (UI) data. Objectives: This article explores whether using administrative data and survey data produce different impact estimates and investigates the source of differential effects between data sources. Research design: The results of a survey nonresponse bias analysis and an analysis of characteristics of non-UI-covered job characteristics using data collected on 6,000 families who enrolled in either the Family Rewards or Work Rewards evaluation are presented. Results: In both evaluations, survey data showed positive employment effects, while administrative data showed no statistically significant employment effects. Family Rewards increased employment mostly in non-UI-covered jobs, while the positive survey impact estimates in Work Rewards were partially due to survey nonresponse bias. Conclusions: Despite cost pressures leading researchers to collect and analyze only administrative records, the results suggest that survey and administrative records data both suffer from different kinds of sample attrition, and researchers may need to triangulate data sources to draw accurate conclusions about program effects. Developing more economical data collection practices is a major priority.
No interaction between rivastigmine and citalopram on memory and novelty processing in healthy human volunteers
Authors: Heckman PRA , Blokland A , Sambeth A 
Published: September 2018

Background: Animal literature suggests an interaction between acetylcholine and serotonin on cognitive functions. Aims: The aim of the current study was to assess whether both neurotransmitters interact during memory and novelty processing in humans. Methods: We tested the interaction between acetylcholine and serotonin on cognitive functions in healthy volunteers by means of treatment with rivastigmine and citalopram, respectively. Results: The main result of the study showed that during the verbal learning task participants significantly recalled fewer words after citalopram treatment than after rivastigmine or placebo during both the immediate and delayed recall tasks. Rivastigmine was not able to reverse the impairing effect of citalopram. Conclusions: This finding is in line with previous studies in which we manipulated acetylcholine and serotonin in different manners. Taken together, these studies in humans do not support the notion from animal studies that these two neurotransmitters interact on cognitive functions.
When Do Patients Improve After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement? A Prospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Flores Sergio E. , Sheridan Joseph R. , Borak Kristina R. , Zhang Alan L. 
Published: September 2018

Background: Hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been shown to improve patient outcomes, especially for returning to sport. Although previous studies often evaluated outcomes 2 years after hip arthroscopy, there has been no analysis of the progression of patient improvement over time or with respect to achieving the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose was to prospectively evaluate changes in patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores during the first 2 years after hip arthroscopy for FAI and to analyze when the MCID is achieved. It was hypothesized that clinically significant changes will be reached by 1 year after surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI were prospectively enrolled, and they completed the 12-Item Short Form Health survey (SF-12), modified Harris Hip Score, and Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) at preoperative baseline and 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. Mean scores and the percentage of patients reaching the MCID at each time point were analyzed via analysis of variance and Cochrane-Armitage trend tests. Results: A total of 129 hips from 122 patients were evaluated, revealing significant improvements after hip arthroscopy for FAI (PRO scores increased 19 to 45 points) with 95.8%, 93.6%, and 84.8% of patients achieving the MCID for HOOS-Sports, HOOS–Quality of Life (QoL), and HOOS-Pain, respectively, at 2-year follow-up. Analysis of PRO change showed that for all scores, the greatest improvement occurred from presurgery to postoperative 3 months, with lesser improvements at subsequent 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year time points ( P < .001). The SF-12 physical component score, HOOS-Sports, and HOOS-QoL continued to show statistically significant improvements through 2 years, while other scores plateaued after 3 months. The percentage of patients achieving the MCID for HOOS-Sports, HOOS-QoL, and HOOS-Pain continued to increase over 2 years, but the percentage achieving the MCID did not increase after 3 months for all other scores. Conclusion: Hip arthroscopy for FAI yields significant improvements in patient outcomes within 2 years of surgery. The majority of improvement occurs within 3 months after surgery, but certain outcomes, such as returning to sport, QoL, and pain, can continue to improve through 2 years.
An exploration of self-compassion and self-criticism in the context of personal recovery from borderline personality disorder
Authors: Donald Fiona , Lawrence Katherine A , Broadbear Jillian H , Rao Sathya 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: A lack of compassion for oneself, or harsh self-criticism, is associated with a range of psychiatric disorders including borderline personality disorder (BPD). Personal recovery in the context of a mental illness such as BPD involves building a life that is subjectively meaningful and satisfying. Limited self-compassion or harsh self-criticism may be an impediment to recovery from BPD. The association between self-compassion and recovery and self- criticism and recovery were examined. Method: Nineteen individuals diagnosed with BPD completed the Neff Self-Compassion Scale, the Forms of Self-Criticising/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale and the Recovery Assessment Scale at a single time point. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between self-compassion and recovery ( r = 0.75) and a strong negative correlation ( rho = −0.67) between self- criticism and recovery. Conclusions: Although preliminary in nature, these results suggest the importance of fostering self-compassion and working to address self-criticism within clinical interventions supporting recovery from BPD.
Do police–mental health co-responder programmes reduce emergency department presentations or simply delay the inevitable?
Authors: Meehan Tom , Brack Janet , Mansfield Yolanda , Stedman Terry 
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes for people following intervention by a police–mental health co-responder team. Method: Individuals seen by the co-responder team were followed for 2 weeks to monitor subsequent emergency department presentations and inpatient admissions. Results: Of the 122 people who had direct contact with the co-responder team, 82 (67.2%) remained at their residence, 35 (28.7%) were transported to the emergency department (ED) and 5 (4.1%) were taken into custody by police. The 82 people who remained at home following initial assessment were followed-up for 2 weeks. During this time 10 (12.2%) presented to ED and 3 of these (3.7%) were subsequently admitted to hospital. Conclusions: Interventions provided through the co-responder team were capable not only of resolving the immediate crisis for the majority of people, but were also likely to divert people away from ED and inpatient treatment in the immediate term.
Deciphering the paradoxical incidence of cancer in schizophrenia
Authors: Kuppili Pooja Patnaik , Nebhinani Naresh 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The incidence of cancer in schizophrenia has been an area of controversy. The current article aims to provide a commentary outlining the contradictory findings of incidence of cancer in schizophrenia as well as discuss the available theories linking cancer with schizophrenia and address the methodological issues of the studies which could lead to the discrepant findings. Method: A literature search was carried out primarily using the electronic database of MEDLINE through PubMed using the search terms ‘cancer’ and ‘schizophrenia’. Google Scholar was used to supplement the search. Results: The findings were inconclusive, with studies documenting increased, decreased as well as no risk of cancer in patients with schizophrenia, compared with the general population. Several methodological limitations exist with regard to measures of assessment, sample size and selection bias. Conclusions: The association between cancer and schizophrenia remains controversial. Genetic as well as environmental theories exist explaining the paradoxical incidence of cancer in schizophrenia. The methodological factors could contribute to the discrepant findings.
Zika virus found in brain tissue of a multiple sclerosis patient undergoing an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis-like episode
Authors: Alves-Leon Soniza Vieira , Lima Monique da Rocha , Nunes Priscila Conrado Guerra , Chimelli Leila Maria Cardão , Rabelo Kíssila , Nogueira Rita Maria Ribeiro , de Bruycker-Nogueira Fernanda , de Azeredo Elzinandes Leal , Bahia Paulo Roberto , Rueda Lopes Fernanda Cristina , Marcondes de Souza Jorge P Barreto , Fontes-Dantas Fabrícia Lima , Paes Marciano Viana , Lemos Elba RS , Santos Flavia Barreto 
Published: September 2018

Background: A range of different neurological manifestations has been reported in fetuses and adults after Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Objective: We describe a detection of the ZIKV in the brain tissue from a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like event in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: Biological samples collected during the hospitalization were tested by serology and molecular diagnostic for various infectious agents. Histopathological analysis was performed using the anti-flavivirus group 4G2 monoclonal antibody, anti-ZIKV non-structural 1 (NS1) monoclonal antibody, and anti-CD4, CD8, and CD11b antibodies. Results: Anti-ZIKV IgM and IgG antibodies were positive in the serum and urine. A brain biopsy showed ZIKV protein in brain cells and T CD8 infiltration in brain tissue. Conclusion: Our data describe the coexistence of a recent central nervous system (CNS) ZIKV infection accompanied by a severe ADEM-like syndrome outcome in a patient with clinical history of MS. A de novo immune response concomitant with ZIKV infection might be involved in the mechanism of the ADEM-like syndrome and response to immunotherapy. The present report reinforces the importance of providing the differential diagnosis of acute episodes of MS exacerbation in an environment prone to ZIKV expression.
Frequent, short bouts of light-intensity exercises while standing decreases systolic blood pressure: Breaking Up Sitting Time after Stroke (BUST-Stroke) trial
Authors: English Coralie , Janssen Heidi , Crowfoot Gary , Bourne Josephine , Callister Robin , Dunn Ashlee , Oldmeadow Christopher , Ong Lin K , Palazzi Kerrin , Patterson Amanda , Spratt Neil J , Walker FR , Dunstan David W , Bernhardt Julie 
Published: September 2018

Background Stroke survivors sit for long periods each day. Uninterrupted sitting is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Breaking up uninterrupted sitting with frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity has an immediate positive effect on blood pressure and plasma clotting factors in healthy, overweight, and type 2 diabetic populations. Aim We examined the effect of frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity on blood pressure and plasma fibrinogen in stroke survivors. Methods Prespecified secondary analyses from a three-armed randomized, within-participant, crossover trial. Participants were 19 stroke survivors (nine female, aged 68 years old, 90% able to walk independently). The experimental conditions were sitting for 8 h uninterrupted, sitting with 3 min bouts of light-intensity exercise while standing every 30 min, or sitting with 3 min of walking every 30 min. Blood pressure was measured every 30 min over 8 h and plasma fibrinogen at the beginning, middle, and end of each day. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed using linear mixed models including fixed effects for condition, period, and order, and a random intercept for participant to account for repeated measures and missing data. Results Sitting with 3 min bouts of light-intensity exercise while standing every 30 min decreased systolic blood pressure by 3.5 mmHg (95% CI 1.7–5.4) compared with sitting for 8 h uninterrupted. For participants not taking antihypertensive medications, sitting with 3 min of walking every 30 min decreased systolic blood pressure by 5.0 mmHg (95% CI −7.9 to 2.0) and sitting with 3 min bouts light-intensity exercise while standing every 30 min decreased systolic blood pressure by 4.2 mmHg (95% CI −7.2 to −1.3) compared with sitting for 8 h uninterrupted. There was no effect of condition on diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.45) or plasma fibrinogen levels (p = 0.91). Conclusion Frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity decreases systolic blood pressure in stroke survivors. However, before translation into clinical practice, the optimal duration and timing of physical activity bouts needs to be determined. Clinical trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry http://www.anzctr.org.au ANZTR12615001189516.
National and sub-national patterns of mortality from stroke in the Iranian population (1990–2015): Complementary results from the NASBOD study
Authors: Djalalinia Shirin , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Rezaei Nazila , Rezaei Negar , Mansouri Anita , Abdolhamidi Elham , Naderimagham Shohreh , Modirian Mitra , Marzban Mona , Khademiureh Sara , Rezaee Kamyar , Hasan Milad , Namazi Shabestari Alireza , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: September 2018

Background Iran lacks a population level comprehensive assessment of stroke epidemiology. Using data from the NASBOD Study, we estimated the mortality of stroke among the Iranian population from 1990 to 2015. Methods Data were collected from all the available sources including the national death registration system and two major cemeteries. After addressing incompleteness of child and adult death data and by using mixed effect model, spatio-temporal model and Gaussian Process Regression, levels and trends of child and adult mortality were estimated. By considering cause fraction to these estimates; cause specific mortality was estimated. In these process wealth index, urbanization, and years of schooling were used as covariates. Results In 2015, the age-standardized stroke mortality rate due was 47.76 (95% UI: 34.68–65.03) for males and 40.16 (30.38–5 2.72) for females, per 100,000 population. Stroke occurrence for both ischemic and non-ischemic strokes showed decreasing trends in both sexes after 2001–2002, at national and sub-national levels. The highest and lowest mortality rates between provinces ranged from 52.11 (40.3–66.66) to 24.47 (18.71–31.79) in men and from 65.51 (47.13–89.41) to 30.43 (21.95–41.82) in women per 100,000 population. Conclusion Although age-standardized rates of stroke mortality are falling, in the past three decades, the absolute number of people who have had a stroke has increased. Stroke mortality remains high in Iran.
Breaking up sitting time after stroke (BUST-stroke)
Authors: English Coralie , Janssen Heidi , Crowfoot Gary , Callister Robin , Dunn Ashlee , Mackie Paul , Oldmeadow Christopher , Ong Lin K , Palazzi Kerrin , Patterson Amanda J , Spratt Neil J , Walker F Rohan , Bernhardt Julie , Dunstan David W 
Published: September 2018

Objectives People with stroke sit for long periods each day, which may compromise blood glucose control and increase risk of recurrent stroke. Studies in other populations have found regular activity breaks have a significant immediate (within-day) positive effect on glucose metabolism. We examined the effects of breaking up uninterrupted sitting with frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity in people with stroke on post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin. Methods Randomized within-participant crossover trial. We included people between 3 months and 10 years post-stroke, ambulant with minimal assistance and not taking diabetic medication other than metformin. The three experimental conditions (completed in random order) were: sitting for 8 h uninterrupted, sitting with 3 min bouts of light-intensity exercise while standing every 30 min, or sitting with 3 min of walking every 30 min. Meals were standardized and bloods were collected half- to one-hourly via an intravenous cannula. Results A total of 19 participants (9 female, mean [SD] age 68.2 [10.2]) completed the trial. The majority ( n = 12, 63%) had mild stroke symptoms (National Institutes of Stroke Scale score 0–13). There was no significant effect of experimental condition on glucose (mean [SD] positive incremental area [+iAUC] mmol·L·h-1 under the curve during sitting 42.3 [29.5], standing 47.4 [23.1], walking 44.6 [26.5], p = 0.563) or insulin (mean + iAUC pmol·L·h-1 sitting 14,161 [7,560], standing 14,043 [8,312], walking 14,008 [8,269], p = 0.987). Conclusion Frequent, short bouts of light-intensity physical activity did not have a significant effect on post-prandial plasma glucose and insulin in this sample of people with stroke. Further studies are needed to identify strategies that improve inactivity-related glucose metabolism after stroke.