bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of raised levels of IL‐4 and anti‐TPO with hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Kalsi Amanpreet Kaur , Halder Ashutosh , Jain Manish , Chaturvedi Pradeep K. , Mathew Mary , Sharma Jai Bhagwan 
Published: January 2019

Background and objectiveThe modulatory role of prolactin in autoimmune regulation is well established. Hyperprolactinemia is often associated with autoimmune disease like systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune thyroid diseases. The objective was to compare levels of direct and indirect autoimmune factors in different categories of hyperprolactinemia cases and predict the direction of association between hyperprolactinemia and autoimmune factors, if any.MethodsA total of 102 hyperprolactinemia cases (>100 ng/mL serum prolactin level) were included along with 24 controls. Among 102 hyperprolactinemia cases, there were 36 idiopathic cases, 19 pituitary adenoma cases, 36 drug‐induced cases, and 11 cases associated with other secondary/systemic diseases (chronic renal failure, chronic hepatic failure, etc).MeasurementsDirect autoimmune markers, IL‐2, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, and IL‐5, were measured in serum by ELISA. Indirect autoimmune markers, anti‐TPO, anti‐tg, anti‐CCP, VDRL, platelet count, and aPTT, were measured as per laboratory‐defined protocol.ResultsSerum levels of IL‐4 and anti‐TPO were significantly high in idiopathic hyperprolactinemia cases. Serum IL‐4 levels were also significantly high in pituitary adenoma cases, drug‐induced cases, and in cases with other secondary causes of hyperprolactinemia. Serum anti‐TPO levels were also significantly high in drug‐induced hyperprolactinemia cases.ConclusionNo significant difference in autoimmune factors is observed between macroprolactinemia and true hyperprolactinemia. Serum IL‐4 and anti‐TPO were high in all categories of hyperprolactinemia. This suggests a possible association of hyperprolactinemia with autoimmune conditions (high IL‐4 and anti‐TPO), mostly subclinical. Thus, hyperprolactinemia case with serum prolactin level >100 ng/mL may require long‐term follow‐up for the development of autoimmune disease in future.
Effects of human demand on conservation planning for biodiversity and ecosystem services
Authors: Watson Keri B. , Galford Gillian L. , Sonter Laura J. , Koh Insu , Ricketts Taylor H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSafeguarding ecosystem services and biodiversity is critical to achieving sustainable development. To date, ecosystem services quantification has focused on the biophysical supply of services with less emphasis on human beneficiaries (i.e., demand). Only when both occur do ecosystems benefit people, but demand may shift ecosystem service priorities toward human‐dominated landscapes that support less biodiversity. We quantified how accounting for demand affects the efficiency of conservation in capturing both human benefits and biodiversity by comparing conservation priorities identified with and without accounting for demand. We mapped supply and benefit for 3 ecosystem services (flood mitigation, crop pollination, and nature‐based recreation) by adapting existing ecosystem service models to include and exclude factors representing human demand. We then identified conservation priorities for each with the conservation planning program Marxan. Particularly for flood mitigation and crop pollination, supply served as a poor proxy for benefit because demand changed the spatial distribution of ecosystem service provision. Including demand when jointly targeting biodiversity and ecosystem service increased the efficiency of conservation efforts targeting ecosystem services without reducing biodiversity outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating demand when quantifying ecosystem services for conservation planning.
Family factors associated with participation of children with disabilities: a systematic review
Authors: Arakelyan Stella , Maciver Donald , Rush Robert , O'hare Anne , Forsyth Kirsty 
Published: January 2019

AimThe aim of this review was to synthesize empirical evidence of family factors associated with participation of children with disabilities aged 5 to 12 years to inform the development of family‐centred participation‐fostering interventions.MethodA systematic search was performed for articles published in English between 2001 and 2017 in MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and ASSIA following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Quality of evidence was appraised using the Research Triangle Institute Item Bank. Family factors associated with participation were identified and assessed using a multistage ‘semi‐quantitative’ approach.ResultsThirty studies were included in the review. Four non‐modifiable ‘status’ factors consistently associated with participation were parental ethnicity, parental education, family type, and family socio‐economic status. Six modifiable ‘process’ factors with consistent associations with participation were parental mental and physical health functioning, parental self‐efficacy beliefs, parental support, parental time, family preferences, and activity orientation.InterpretationRehabilitation professionals should direct their focus towards modifiable family factors as primary targets for family‐centred interventions. Strategies that can improve families’ access to information, counselling, and community support services are likely to support children's participation by empowering families and optimizing their health and well‐being.What this paper adds

Non‐modifiable ‘status’ and modifiable ‘process’ factors are important in participation of children with disabilities.

Disadvantaged family circumstances shaped by status factors are associated with reduced participation.

Key process factors for intervention are parental mental and physical health and parental self‐efficacy beliefs.

Other important process factors for intervention are parental support and time, family preferences, and activity orientation.
Ethnicity and Type 2 diabetes in the UK
Authors: Goff L. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractType 2 diabetes is a major UK public health priority. Among minority ethnic communities, the prevalence is alarmingly high, approximately three to five times higher than in the white British population. Particularly striking is the earlier onset of Type 2 diabetes, which occurs some 10–12 years younger, with a significant proportion of cases being diagnosed before the age of 40 years. This review focuses on the UK context and Type 2 diabetes in adult populations, exploring the available evidence regarding the complex interplay of biological, lifestyle, social, clinical and healthcare system factors that are known to drive these disparities.
Sleep and synaptic down‐selection
Authors: Tononi Giulio , Cirelli Chiara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe synaptic homeostasis hypothesis (SHY) proposes that sleep is an essential process needed by the brain to maintain the total amount of synaptic strength under control. SHY predicts that by the end of a waking day the synaptic connections of many neural circuits undergo a net increase in synaptic strength due to ongoing learning, which is mainly mediated by synaptic potentiation. Stronger synapses require more energy and supplies and are prone to saturation, creating the need for synaptic renormalization. Such renormalization should mainly occur during sleep, when the brain is disconnected from the environment and neural circuits can be broadly reactivated off‐line to undergo a systematic but specific synaptic down‐selection. In short, according to SHY sleep is the price to pay for waking plasticity, to avoid runaway potentiation, decreased signal‐to‐noise ratio, and impaired learning due to saturation. In this review, we briefly discuss the rationale of the hypothesis and recent supportive ultrastructural evidence obtained in our laboratory. We then examine recent studies by other groups showing the causal role of cortical slow waves and hippocampal sharp waves/ripples in sleep‐dependent down‐selection of neural activity and synaptic strength. Finally, we discuss some of the molecular mechanisms that could mediate synaptic weakening during sleep.
Reaction norm analysis reveals rapid shifts toward delayed maturation in harvested Lake Erie yellow perch (Perca flavescens)
Authors: Gíslason Davíð , Heino Mikko , Robinson Beren W. , McLaughlin Robert B. , Dunlop Erin S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHarvested marine fish stocks often show a rapid and substantial decline in the age and size at maturation. Such changes can arise from multiple processes including fisheries‐induced evolution, phenotypic plasticity, and responses to environmental factors other than harvest. The relative importance of these processes could differ systematically between marine and freshwater systems. We tested for temporal shifts in the mean and within‐cohort variability of age‐ and size‐based maturation probabilities of female yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill) from four management units (MUs) in Lake Erie. Lake Erie yellow perch have been commercially harvested for more than a century, and age and size at maturation have varied since sampling began in the 1980s. Our analysis compared probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs) for cohorts when abundance was lower and harvest higher (1993–1998) to cohorts when abundance was higher and harvest lower (2005–2010). PMRNs have been used in previous studies to detect signs of evolutionary change in response to harvest. Maturation size threshold increased between the early and late cohorts, and the increases were statistically significant for the youngest age in the western MU1 and for older ages in the eastern MU3. Maturation envelope widths, a measure of the variability in maturation among individuals in a cohort, also increased between early and late cohorts in the western MUs where harvest was highest. The highest rates of change in size at maturation for a given age were as large or larger than rates reported for harvested marine fishes where declines in age and size at maturation have been observed. Contrary to the general observation of earlier maturation evolving in harvested stocks, female yellow perch in Lake Erie may be rapidly evolving delayed maturation since harvest was relaxed in the late 1990s, providing a rare example of possible evolutionary recovery.
The Effect of CEO Extraversion on Analyst Forecasts: Stereotypes and Similarity Bias
Authors: Becker Jochen , Medjedovic Josip , Merkle Christoph 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn an experiment with professional analysts, we study their reliance on CEO personality information when producing financial forecasts. Drawing on social cognition research, we suggest analysts apply a stereotyping heuristic, believing that extraverted CEOs are more successful. The between‐subjects results with CEO extraversion as treatment variable confirm that analysts issue more favorable forecasts (earnings per share, long‐term earnings growth, and target price) for firms led by extraverted CEOs. Increased forecast uncertainty leads to even stronger stereotyping. Additionally, personality similarity between analysts and CEOs has a large effect on financial forecasts. Analysts issue more positive forecasts for CEOs similar to themselves.
The Core, Periphery, and Beyond: Stock Market Comovements among EU and Non‐EU Countries
Authors: Goldstein Michael A. , McCarthy Joseph , Orlov Alexei G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUsing linear and nonlinear correlations, copulas, quantile dependence and lower tail dependence, we find that (1) equity markets of the advanced European Union (EU) countries comove more closely with each other than with the peripheral economies, (2) comovements with non‐EU countries are lower, (3) relative comovement structure before, during, and after the global financial crisis has been very stable, and (4) the level of comovements remained virtually the same between the crisis and post‐crisis periods. Our results are robust to controlling for Fama‐French, U.S. and global risk factors, as well as monetary policy, market interest rates, exchange rates, and uncertainty.
Growth of engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 on glucose, xylose, and arabinose: Hemicellulose hydrolysates and their major sugars as sustainable carbon sources
Authors: Wang Yan , Horlamus Felix , Henkel Marius , Kovacic Filip , Schläfle Sandra , Hausmann Rudolf , Wittgens Andreas , Rosenau Frank 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant bioresource on earth containing polymers mainly consisting of d‐glucose, d‐xylose, l‐arabinose, and further sugars. In order to establish this alternative feedstock apart from applications in food, we engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as microbial biocatalyst for the utilization of xylose and arabinose in addition to glucose as sole carbon sources. The d‐xylose‐metabolizing strain P. putida KT2440_xylAB and l‐arabinose‐metabolizing strain P. putida KT2440_araBAD were constructed by introducing respective operons from Escherichia coli. Surprisingly, we found out that both recombinant strains were able to grow on xylose as well as arabinose with high cell densities and growth rates comparable to glucose. In addition, the growth characteristics on various mixtures of glucose, xylose, and arabinose were investigated, which demonstrated the efficient co‐utilization of hexose and pentose sugars. Finally, the possibility of using lignocellulose hydrolysate as substrate for the two recombinant strains was verified. The recombinant P. putida KT2440 strains presented here as flexible microbial biocatalysts to convert lignocellulosic sugars will undoubtedly contribute to the economic feasibility of the production of valuable compounds derived from renewable feedstock.
Bioactive compounds, pigments, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity of yellow prickly pear peels
Authors: Castro Luís M. G. , Alexandre Elisabete M. C. , Pintado Manuela , Saraiva Jorge A. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe main goal of this research was to study the effects of pressure, extraction time and ethanol concentration on antioxidant activity, total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids and betalains compounds extraction from yellow prickly pear peels. A Box–Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology were used to evaluate the effects and estimate the optimum extraction conditions. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua. Ethanol concentration was the variable that showed the highest effect on extraction yields but high‐pressure increased extraction yields between 6% and 17%. Models showed good fitting and adequacy to the experimental data and the high correlation of models indicated that it can be employed to optimise extraction conditions. The experimental and predicted values differed <10% and the extracts inhibited the growth of both bacteria. High‐pressure could be a promising extraction process to improve extraction of bioactives from prickly pear peels.
Influence of ultra‐high pressure homogenisation on physicochemical and sensorial properties of orange juice in comparison with conventional thermal processing
Authors: Velázquez‐Estrada Rita‐María , Hernández‐Herrero María‐Manuela , Guamis‐López Buenaventura , Roig‐Saguès Artur‐Xavier 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe effect of different ultra‐high pressure homogenisation (UHPH) treatments on physicochemical and sensorial properties of orange juice was studied in comparison with thermal pasteurisation (90 °C, 1 min). UHPH treatments consisted on combinations of two inlet temperatures (10 or 20 °C) and three pressures (100, 200 and 300 MPa). Effect of treatments was assessed on general quality parameters (colour, pH, °Brix, titratable acidity, reducing sugars and non‐enzymatic browning index), particle size distribution and cloud stability. None of the UHPH treatments caused significant differences in the °Brix, reducing sugars, pH and non‐enzymatic browning index with respect of fresh or pasteurised juice. Only titratable acidity was significantly lower when inlet temperature of UHPH treatments was 20 °C. UHPH treatments significantly reduced the particle size and in consequence the cloudiness and the total colour value (∆E*) increased. The overall consumer acceptability of UHPH and pasteurised juices was similar.
ZnO‐activated formation of phase pure perovskite Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 powder
Authors: Brova Michael J. , Watson Beecher H. , R. Kupp Elizabeth , Fanton Mark A. , Meyer Richard J. , Messing Gary L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper reports on the phase formation of perovskite Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PIN‐PZN‐PT) powder when doped with 0.04 to 0.83 mol% ZnO. Air calcination of undoped powder mixtures for 4 hours at 800°C resulted in a mixture of Pb2Zn0.29Nb1.71O6.565 pyrochlore, PIN‐PZN‐PT perovskite, and In2O3. ZnO dopant concentrations as low as 0.04 mol% increased the rate of perovskite formation and resulted in near phase pure perovskite powder of 0.5 μm particle size when heated at 800°C in air. In all cases PbTiO3 and Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3 formed prior to PIN‐PZN‐PT formation. ZnO doping promotes perovskite phase formation by increasing the reactivity of the intermediate pyrochlore phase by substituting Zn2+ on Nb5+ sites and forming oxygen vacancies when heated in air. Heating in high resulted in an incomplete reaction and a mixture of perovskite and pyrochlore whereas low resulted in phase separation into a mixture of rhombohedral perovskite, tetragonal perovskite, and pyrochlore. The sensitivity clearly shows that oxygen vacancies due to ZnO‐doping are critical for synthesis of phase pure PIN‐PZN‐PT powder.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy reverses severe dyspnea associated with acceleration‐dependent left bundle branch block in a patient with structurally normal heart
Authors: Prystowsky Eric N. , Padanilam Benzy J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA 55‐year‐old woman presented with severe dyspnea during acceleration‐dependent left bundle branch block (LBBB). Metoprolol initially ameliorated symptoms by preventing the heart rate at which LBBB occurred. Over time LBBB presented at slower heart rates and the patient developed recurrent dyspnea during an activity that correlated with the development of LBBB on event monitors and exercise stress testing. A biventricular pacemaker was implanted, and the patient's symptoms remain resolved after a follow‐up of over 4 years. More research is needed to define the use of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with normal heart function.
MicroRNAs as regulators of cell death mechanisms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Gagliardi Delia , Comi Giacomo P. , Bresolin Nereo , Corti Stefania 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs), resulting in paralysis and precocious death from respiratory failure. Although the causes of ALS are incompletely understood, the role of alterations in RNA metabolism seems central. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs implicated in the regulation of gene expression of many relevant physiological processes, including cell death. The recent model of programmed cell death (PCD) encompasses different mechanisms, from apoptosis to regulated necrosis (RN), in particular necroptosis. Both apoptosis and necroptosis play a significant role in the progressive death of MNs in ALS. In this review, we present key research related to miRNAs that modulate apoptosis and RN pathways in ALS. We also discuss whether these miRNAs represent potential targets for therapeutic development in patients.
Phylogeography, population genetics and distribution modelling reveal vulnerability of Scirpus longii (Cyperaceae) and the Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora to climate change
Authors: Spalink Daniel , MacKay Ron , Sytsma Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA proactive approach to conservation must be predictive, anticipating how habitats will change and which species are likely to decline or prosper. We use composite species distribution modelling to identify suitable habitats for 18 members of the North American Atlantic Coastal Plain Flora (ACPF) since the Last Glacial Maximum and project these into the future. We then use Scirpus longii (Cyperaceae), a globally imperiled ACPF sedge with many of the characteristics of extinction vulnerability, as a case study. We integrate phylogeographical and population genetic analyses and species distribution modelling to develop a broad view of its current condition and prognosis for conservation. We use genotyping‐by‐sequencing to characterize the genomes of 142 S. longii individuals from 20 populations distributed throughout its range (New Jersey to Nova Scotia). We measure the distribution of genetic diversity in the species and reconstruct its phylogeographical history using the snapp and rase models. Extant populations of S. longii originated from a single refugium south of the Laurentide ice sheet around 25 ka. The genetic diversity of S. longii is exceedingly low, populations exhibit little genetic structure and the species is slightly inbred. Projected climate scenarios indicate that nearly half of extant populations of S. longii will be exposed to unsuitable climate by 2070. Similar changes in suitable habitat will occur for many other northern ACPF species—centres of diversity will shift northward and Nova Scotia may become the last refuges for those species not extinguished.
EEG profiles during general anesthesia in children: A comparative study between sevoflurane and propofol
Authors: Rigouzzo Agnes , Khoy‐Ear Linda , Laude Dominique , Louvet Nicolas , Moutard Marie‐Laure , Sabourdin Nada , Constant Isabelle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn this prospective study, we describe the electroencephalographic (EEG) profiles in children anesthetized with sevoflurane or propofol.MethodsSeventy‐three subjects (11 years, range 5‐18) were included and randomly assigned to two groups according to the anesthetic agent. Anesthesia was performed by target‐controlled infusion of propofol (group P) or by sevoflurane inhalation (group S). Steady‐state periods were performed at a fixed randomized concentration between 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 μg.ml−1 of propofol in group P and between 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% of sevoflurane in group S. Remifentanil was continuously administered throughout the study. Clinical data, Bispectral Index (BIS), and raw EEG were continuously recorded. The relationship between BIS and anesthetic concentrations was studied using nonlinear regression. For all steady‐state periods, EEG traces were reviewed to assess the presence of epileptoid signs, and spectral analysis of raw EEG was performed.ResultsUnder propofol, BIS decreased monotonically and EEG slowed down as concentrations increased from 2 to 6 μg.ml−1. Under sevoflurane, BIS decreased from 0% to 4% and paradoxically rose from 4% to 5% of expired concentration: this increase in BIS was associated with the occurrence of fast oscillations and epileptoid signs on the EEG trace. Propofol was associated with more delta waves and burst suppression periods compared to sevoflurane.ConclusionUnder deep anesthesia, the BIS and electroencephalographic profiles differ between propofol and sevoflurane. For high concentrations of sevoflurane, an elevated BIS value may be interpreted as a sign of epileptoid patterns or EEG fast oscillations rather than an insufficient depth of hypnosis.