bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding the optimal treatment model: A systematic review of treatment for co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression
Authors: Hobden Breanne , Bryant Jamie , Carey Mariko , Baker Amanda L , Farrell Michael , Oldmeadow Christopher , Mattick Richard P , Shakeshaft Anthony , Sanson-Fisher Rob 
Published: February 2018

Objectives: Alcohol misuse and depression are commonly co-occurring conditions. To date, no review has examined the most efficacious treatment model for psychosocial treatment of co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. This systematic review determined the: (i) methodological quality of publications examining psychosocial treatment of co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression using a sequential, parallel or integrated treatment model; and (ii) effectiveness of each dual treatment model compared to single treatment for those with co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. Methods: PubMed, Medline and PsycInfo databases were searched for studies which were included if they involved treatment for alcohol misuse and depression and could be classified into one of the three treatment models. Included studies were assessed using the Cochrane’s Effective Practice and Organisation of Care risk of bias criteria. Relevant study characteristics and outcomes were extracted and are presented in a narrative review format. Results: Seven studies met inclusion criteria. None were categorised as low risk on the risk of bias criteria. No studies examined a sequential model of treatment, three examined a parallel model and four examined an integrated model of dual-focussed treatment. The studies examining the parallel model and two out of four studies examining the effectiveness of an integrated model demonstrated greater improvement for alcohol or depression outcomes compared to control conditions. Conclusion: Evidence for the psychosocial treatment of co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression is limited to a handful of studies. The evidence has several methodological limitations, which impact the interpretation of the findings. Therefore, while international guidelines recommend integrated dual-focussed treatment for co-occurring conditions, there is little evidence supporting the superiority of this treatment format for co-occurring alcohol misuse and depression. High-quality research demonstrating improvements in patient outcomes is required to ensure recommendations for clinical practice are based on strong empirical evidence.
Multiple sclerosis and HIV: a case of multiple sclerosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with antiretroviral therapy initiation
Authors: Anand Pria , Saylor Deanna 
Published: February 2018

Studies have suggested that the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in HIV-infected (HIV+) patients is lower than that of the general population. Here, we present a case of MS in an HIV+ patient with a relatively suppressed CD4 cell count who developed clinical and radiographic disease worsening in the setting of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. A 47-year-old HIV+ woman (CD4 cell count 216 cells/µl) presented with decreased vision in her right eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed optic nerve enhancement and open ring-enhancing lesions in the brain concerning for demyelinating disease. Cerebrospinal fluid was tested extensively for infection and malignancy with no abnormal findings. She received five days of intravenous methylprednisolone. Nine days later, she was restarted on ART. Three weeks later, she was readmitted with left eye vision loss and left hemiplegia (CD4 cell count 342 cells/µl). Repeat imaging showed multiple new enhancing lesions. Several cases have described severe MS relapses and unusually widespread demyelinating lesions on MRI after withdrawal of immunosuppressive drugs. We posit that the clinical and radiographic progression that occurred in our patient after initiation of ART represented an immune reconstitution response to ART. Caution may be warranted when initiating ART in HIV+ patients with suppressed CD4 cell count and active MS.
Screening for cognitive impairment in SLE using the Self-Administered Gerocognitive Exam
Authors: Meara A , Davidson N , Steigelman H , Zhao S , Brock G , Jarjour W N , Rovin B H , Madhoun H , Parikh S , Hebert L , Ayoub I , Ardoin S P 
Published: February 2018

Objective Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that can affect the central nervous system in multiple ways, including causing cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction is a common complaint of SLE patients yet diagnosis is challenging, time consuming, and costly. This study evaluated the Self-Administered Gerocognitive Exam (SAGE) as a screening test for cognitive impairment in a cohort of SLE patients. Methods A total of 118 SLE patients completed the SAGE. Providers completed the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborative Clinics Damage Index (SLICC-DI). SAGE scores were grouped into normal (>16) and abnormal (≤16) categories. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Of the 118 participants, 21(18%) scored ≤16 on the SAGE instrument. In univariate analysis, race, ethnicity, household income, and SLICC-DI scores were associated with the SAGE ( p < 0.05). In multivariable analysis, abnormal SAGE score was independently associated with higher SLICC-DI score (odds ratio (OR) = 1.44, 95% confidence intervals 1.04–1.99, p = 0.03)), Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 43.4, 95% CI 3.1–601, p = 0.005), and lower household income (OR = 11.9 for ≤$15,000 vs >$50,000, 95% CI 2.45–57, p = 0.002). Conclusions In SLE patients, this study demonstrates an independent relationship between neurocognitive impairment (as measured by the SAGE) and higher lupus-related damage, as measured by the SLICC-DI, and lower household income. Abnormal SAGE scores were also associated with Hispanic ethnicity. A language barrier could explain this because the SAGE instrument was conducted in English only. The SAGE was feasible to measure in the clinic setting.
Time perspectives mediate the relationship between personality traits and alcohol consumption
Authors: Loose Tianna , Robiou Du Pont Léo , Acier Didier , El-Baalbaki Ghassan 
Published: February 2018

Background and aims Personality traits are considered distal determinants of various behaviors including alcohol consumption meaning that the association between traits and behaviors is mediated by other intervening variables. Time perspectives are thought to be both stable dispositions and dependent on situational variables. They are related to personality traits but cannot be reduced to such which may suggest that they explain the relationship between traits and various behaviors. This study aimed to explore the possibility that time perspectives mediate the relationship between personality traits and alcohol consumption behaviors. Methods Five hundred and forty nine young adults living in France were administered online measures of Big 5 personality traits (Big Five Factor Inventory in French), time perspectives (Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory Short Form) and alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Five multiple parallel mediator models were elaborated in which personality traits led to time perspectives, which in turn led to alcohol consumption. Results Exclusively conscientiousness and extraversion directly predicted alcohol consumption. However, in all five models at least one time perspective mediated the relationship between each personality trait and alcohol consumption. For example, the relationship between openness and alcohol use was fully mediated by two competitive mediators: past positive and present hedonist time perspectives. The relationship between agreeableness and alcohol use was fully accounted for by two complementary mediators: past positive and future. Fifty seven percent of the direct effect between extraversion and alcohol use was accounted for three competitive mediators: future, past positive and present hedonist perspectives. Conclusions Time perspectives may explain entirely or in part the relationship between Big 5 personality traits and alcohol consumption behavior among young people. Intervening on the level of time perspectives rather than on that of personality traits may be a viable direction for prospective studies regarding alcohol consumption.
Wage theft, underpayment and unpaid work in marketised social care
Authors: Macdonald Fiona , Bentham Eleanor , Malone Jenny 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMarketised models of social care provision in Australia are placing pressures on service providers and driving changes in work organisation and employer practices, with potential to degrade social care jobs. While international experience of marketised social care has demonstrated the vulnerability of social care workers to wage theft and other violations of employment laws, Australia’s relatively strong industrial relations safety net might be expected to be better able to protect these low-paid workers. Nevertheless, there is emerging evidence of negative impacts on the pay and entitlements of frontline workers in the expanding community support and homecare workforce. This study investigates the paid and unpaid work time of disability support workers under Australia’s new National Disability Insurance Scheme. The research takes a novel approach combining analysis of working day diaries and qualitative interviews with employees to expose how jobs are being fragmented and work is being organised into periods of paid and unpaid time, leaving employees paid below their minimum entitlement. The article highlights the role of social care policy along with inadequate employment regulation.
Quality of Life in a Hospice: A Validation of the Croatian Version of the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL
Authors: Golčić Marin , Dobrila-Dintinjana Renata , Golčić Goran , Pavlović-Ružić Ira , Stevanović Aleksandra , Gović-Golčić Lidija 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: Quality of life is the cornerstone of palliative care, and assessing it requires validated and standardized questionnaires. However, the majority of questionnaires are not tested in a hospice setting. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of life in a hospice using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 15 for Palliative Care (PAL) (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL) questionnaire and validating it in Croatian language. Methods: The study was conducted prospectively on 151 consecutive patients who were evaluated at the admittance to the hospice and after 7 days. Along with the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL, both evaluations included the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS) and the Palliative Performance Score (PPS) version 2. Cronbach α coefficient was used to test the reliability of multi-item scales, while construct and concurrent validity was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficients. Known-group validity was evaluated using the Student t test. Results: Physical functioning, pain, and emotional functioning scales all exhibited high reliability on both assessments and met the criteria of Cronbach α ≥.70, while fatigue scale met the predetermined criteria in the follow-up assessment (α = .90). Adequate validity was also displayed, with the highest correlation coefficients between the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL and ESAS scales recorded for the corresponding items. The EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL was also able to distinguish patients with different PPS scores, exhibiting excellent clinical validity. Conclusions: The EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL can be used successfully in Croatian palliative care. However, inevitable issues such as low retest percentage due to short survival and low physical functioning scores need to be acknowledged in further formulations of quality of life questionnaires specific to hospice care.
Childhood Tuberculosis in Nigeria: Disease Presentation and Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Ogbudebe Chidubem L , Adepoju Victor , Ekerete-Udofia Christy , Abu Ebere , Egesemba Ginika , Chukwueme Nkem , Gidado Mustapha 
Published: February 2018

Objectives: Understanding the factors that influence tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes in children is key to designing interventions to address them. This study aimed to determine the case category distribution of childhood TB in Nigeria and assess which clinical and demographic factors are associated with different treatment outcomes in childhood TB. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study involving a review of medical records of children (0-14 years) with TB in 3 states in Nigeria in 2015. Results: Of 724 childhood TB cases registered during the review period, 220 (30.4%) were aged 0–4 years. A high proportion of patients had pulmonary TB 420/724 (58.0%), new TB infection 713/724 (98.5%), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection 108/724 (14.7%). About 28% (n = 201) were bacteriologically diagnosed. The proportion of TB treatment success was 601/724 (83.0%). Treatment success was significantly higher in children aged 5–14 years than those 0–4 years (85.3% vs 77.7%, P = .01). Factors associated with unsuccessful outcomes in patients aged 0–4 years are male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.2), HIV-positive status (aOR: 1.2), and clinical method of diagnosis (aOR: 5.6). Conclusions: Efforts should be made to improve TB treatment outcomes in children by ensuring early and accurate diagnosis, focused training of health workers on childhood TB-HIV care, and effective adherence counseling of caregivers.
An international comparison: Social pedagogy training
Authors: Janer Àngela , Úcar Xavier 
Published: February 2018

Summary This study adopts a comparative perspective to present a descriptive analysis of the state of social pedagogy training at universities in different countries. It arises out of an interest to construct a global, current and integrated perspective of social pedagogy. The study uses a quantitative methodology to analyse the content of social pedagogy curricula based on the principal dimensions that shape them, which have been defined by academic experts in previous search ( Janer & Úcar, 2016 ). Findings The results indicate that in most of the universities analysed social pedagogy is a subject within other social and educational science studies rather than a degree or specialization in its own right. There is coherence between what the academic experts point out and the specific content of university studies in social pedagogy as regards the political, ethical and social dimension of the context and, regarding the varied scope of intervention and use of methodologies. However, the epistemological, professional, historical and functional dimensions have little presence in social pedagogy university studies. Applications The theoretical and practical field of social pedagogy is complex and subject to multiple and varied interpretations. This study contributes to the theoretical debate on the nature of social pedagogy. This analysis is relevant from both a scientific and a social perspective. It’s necessary to working towards building a common and universal theoretical core for social pedagogy to achieve a transmission of knowledge regarding all of the analysed dimensions clearer and help unite its theoretical, educational and professional spheres.
Effect of metal artifact reduction software on image quality of C-arm cone-beam computed tomography during intracranial aneurysm treatment
Authors: Enomoto Yukiko , Yamauchi Keita , Asano Takahiko , Otani Katharina , Iwama Toru 
Published: February 2018

Background and purpose C-arm cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) has the drawback that image quality is degraded by artifacts caused by implanted metal objects. We evaluated whether metal artifact reduction (MAR) prototype software can improve the subjective image quality of CBCT images of patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with coils or clips. Materials and methods Forty-four patients with intracranial aneurysms implanted with coils (40 patients) or clips (four patients) underwent one CBCT scan from which uncorrected and MAR-corrected CBCT image datasets were reconstructed. Three blinded readers evaluated the image quality of the image sets using a four-point scale (1: Excellent, 2: Good, 3: Poor, 4: Bad). The median scores of the three readers of uncorrected and MAR-corrected images were compared with the paired Wilcoxon signed-rank and inter-reader agreement of change scores was assessed by weighted kappa statistics. The readers also recorded new clinical findings, such as intracranial hemorrhage, air, or surrounding anatomical structures on MAR-corrected images. Results The image quality of MAR-corrected CBCT images was significantly improved compared with the uncorrected CBCT image ( p < 0.001). Additional clinical findings were seen on CBCT images of 70.4% of patients after MAR correction. Conclusion MAR software improved image quality of CBCT images degraded by metal artifacts.
Utilization and in-hospital outcomes associated with atherectomy in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease: An observational analysis from the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Doshi Rajkumar , Shlofmitz Evan , Meraj Perwaiz 
Published: February 2018

Objective Percutaneous revascularization for patients with peripheral arterial disease has become a treatment of choice for many symptomatic patients. The presence of severe arterial calcification presents many challenges for successful revascularization. Atherectomy is an adjunctive treatment option for patients with severe calcification undergoing percutaneous intervention. We sought to analyze the impact of atherectomy on in-hospital outcomes, length of stay, and cost in the percutaneous treatment of peripheral arterial disease. Methods Patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease undergoing percutaneous revascularization were assessed, utilizing the National Inpatient Sample (2012–2014) and appropriate International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnostic and procedural codes. Patients who were not treated with atherectomy ( n = 51,037) were compared to those treated with atherectomy ( n = 11,408). Propensity score-matched analysis was performed to address baseline differences. Results After performing propensity score-matched analysis, 11,037 patients were included in each group. Utilization of atherectomy was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (2% vs. 1.4% p = 0.0006). All secondary outcomes were lower when using atherectomy except acute renal failure. Length of stay was slightly lower when using atherectomy (7.2 vs. 7.0 days, p = 0.0494). However, median cost was higher in patients treated with atherectomy ($21,589 vs. $24,060, p = <0.0001). Conclusion The use of atherectomy was associated with significantly decreased in-hospital mortality, adverse events, and length of stay. Though, cost associated with atherectomy use is increased, this is offset by decreased in-hospital adverse outcomes. Appropriate use of atherectomy devices is an important tool in revascularization of peripheral arterial disease in select patients.
Review of de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation: haemorrhage risk, treatment approaches and outcomes
Authors: Lv Xianli , Wang Guihuai 
Published: February 2018

Objective A small number of patients has been reported to develop a completely new or de novo arteriovenous malformation (AVM) after brain surgery, haemorrhage, head trauma or ischaemic stroke. The natural history of these lesions is unknown. In this review, both ruptured and unruptured de novo AVMs and their treatments were reviewed. Methods Published literature in the PubMed database citing ‘de novo cerebral arteriovenous malformation’ was reviewed. Additional studies were identified through reference searches in each reviewed article. A review was performed using all published cases, the treatment approaches and outcomes. Results A total of 38 patients, including 37 de novo AVMs reported from 1988 to 17 November 2017 and our one patient, was collected. The age at AVM diagnosis was 5–73 years (mean ± SD, 27.6 ± 20.5 years). The duration time, from negative examination to AVM diagnosis, was 2 months to 25 years (mean ± SD, 6.6 ± 4.9 years). The presentation of de novo AVM was headaches in three (7.9%) patients, bleedings in 12 (31.6%), incidental in 14 (36.8%) and seizure in nine (23.7%). The estimated risk of haemorrhage was 4.8% per year. Seventeen (44.7%) patients were treated with surgical resection, 10 (26.3%) were conservatively observed, nine (23.7%) were treated with radiosurgery and two (5.3%) were endovascularly embolised. The morbidity and mortality were reported as 5.3% and 7.9%, respectively. Conclusion Post-natal de novo AVMs have been reported. Their annual haemorrhage risk is 4.8%. Most of them are treated by surgical resection and are associated with morbidity and mortality.
Shoulder Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Quarterbacks: 10-Year Epidemiology of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Trends
Authors: Tummala Sailesh V. , Hartigan David E. , Patel Karan A. , Makovicka Justin L. , Chhabra Anikar 
Published: February 2018

Background: Up to 50% of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players have a history of shoulder injuries. The quarterback position has been shown to have a high prevalence of these injuries because of its unique exposures. There is little information regarding the shoulder injury type and mechanism in NCAA quarterbacks. Purpose: To understand the 10-year epidemiology of specific shoulder injury rates in NCAA quarterbacks. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Shoulder injury data for collegiate football quarterbacks from the 2004 through 2014 academic years were analyzed using the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) data set. Results: Over the 10-year study period, a total of 133 shoulder injuries to collegiate quarterbacks were reported, with 157,288 quarterback exposures. There was approximately 1 shoulder injury per 1221 exposures. The most common injuries noted were acromioclavicular sprains (45.1%, n = 60), followed by shoulder contusions (9.0%, n = 12), clavicular fractures (7.5%, n = 10), and anterior instability (5.3%, n = 7). The majority of injuries were caused by contact with a player (60.2%, n = 80) or contact with a playing surface (28.6%, n = 38), and 88% (n = 117) were deemed nonsurgical in nature. Conclusion: NCAA ISP data analysis suggests that collegiate quarterbacks sustain acute contact injuries 89% of the time and that they typically occur while being tackled, resulting in a time loss of less than 2 weeks. These injuries are commonly treated nonsurgically.