bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Hospitalized Infection and Initiation of Abatacept Versus Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Among Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Sarah K. , Liao Katherine P. , Liu Jun , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the comparative risk of hospitalized infection among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who initiated abatacept versus a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi).MethodsUsing claims data from Truven MarketScan database (2006–2015), we identified patients with RA ages ≥18 years with ≥2 RA diagnoses who initiated treatment with abatacept or a TNFi. The primary outcome was a composite end point of any hospitalized infection. Secondary outcomes included bacterial infection, herpes zoster, and infections affecting different organ systems. We performed 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching between the groups in order to control for baseline confounders. We estimated incidence rates (IRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for hospitalized infection.ResultsWe identified 11,248 PS‐matched pairs of patients who initiated treatment with abatacept and TNFi with a median age of 56 years (83% were women). The IR per 1,000 person‐years for any hospitalized infection was 37 among patients who initiated treatment with abatacept and 47 in those who initiated treatment with TNFi. The HR for the risk of any hospitalized infection associated with abatacept versus TNFi was 0.78 (95% CI 0.64–0.95) and remained lower when compared to infliximab (HR 0.63 [95% CI 0.47–0.85]), while no significant difference was seen when compared to adalimumab and etanercept. The risk of secondary outcomes was lower for abatacept for pulmonary infections, and similar to TNFi for the remaining outcomes.ConclusionIn this large cohort of patients with RA who initiated treatment with abatacept or TNFi as a first‐ or second‐line biologic agent, we found a lower risk of hospitalized infection after initiating abatacept versus TNFi, which was driven mostly by infliximab.
Lineage‐Specific Commitment of Stem Cells with Organic and Graphene Oxide–Functionalized Nanofibers
Authors: Portone Alberto , Moffa Maria , Gardin Chiara , Ferroni Letizia , Tatullo Marco , Fabbri Filippo , Persano Luana , Piattelli Adriano , Zavan Barbara , Pisignano Dario 
Published: December 2018

AbstractControlling the differentiation to certain lineages is the main goal of current stem cell research, which might exploit new routes based on the interaction of cells with nanomaterials. Here it is shown that primary neurospheres from dental pulp stem cells grown on combinatorial surfaces with different fibrous morphology and graphene oxide functionalization exhibit different differentiation propensity. The developed materials strongly influence the stem cell fate, as highlighted by morphological, immunofluorescence, molecular biology, and functional analyses. Instructive cues lead to the increased expression of markers that are characteristic of selective differentiation into osteoblasts, glial cells, fibroblasts, and neurons even in basal medium conditions, and randomly oriented fibers are found to revert neuronal precommitment and to trigger osteoblastic differentiation. Graphene oxide coatings lead instead to the relatively enhanced expression of genes typical of either glial or neuronal commitment, depending on the underlying nanofibrous morphology. The mechanisms addressing cell fate are investigated, highlighting the correlation of wetting anisotropy and protein adsorption capacity of different surfaces, ultimate cell conformational changes reflected by skeletal and nuclear elongation, and directed cell commitment. Cues from the different surfaces are therefore lineage‐specific, unveiling remarkable potentialities for cellular programming by means of nanomaterials.
High‐Quality Cuboid CH3NH3PbI3 Single Crystals for High Performance X‐Ray and Photon Detectors
Authors: Ye Fei , Lin Hong , Wu Haodi , Zhu Lu , Huang Zhanfeng , Ouyang Dan , Niu Guangda , Choy Wallace C. H. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide hybrid perovskite materials are promising materials for X‐ray and photon detection due to their superior optoelectronic properties. Single‐crystal (SGC) perovskites have increasingly attracted attention due to their substantially low crystal defects, which contribute to improving the figures of merit of the devices. Cuboid CH3NH3PbI3 SGC with the naturally favorable geometry for device fabrication is rarely reported in X‐ray and photon detection application. The concept of seed dissolution‐regrowth to improve crystal quality of cuboid CH3NH3PbI3 SGC is proposed and a fundamental understanding of the nucleation and growth is provided thermodynamically. The X‐ray detector fabricated from cuboid CH3NH3PbI3 SGC demonstrates the firstly reported high sensitivity of 968.9 µC−1 Gy−1 cm−2 under −1 V bias. The results also show that the favorable crystal orientation and high quality of cuboid CH3NH3PbI3 leads to better responsivity and faster response speed than the more common dodecahedral CH3NH3PbI3 in photodetection. Consequently, the work paves a way to synthesize high‐quality perovskite SGCs and benefits the application of MAPbI3 SGCs with preferred crystal orientation and favorable crystal geometry for emerging device applications.
Humidity‐Driven Mechanical and Electrical Response of Graphene/Cloisite Hybrid Films
Authors: Castaldo Rachele , Lama Giuseppe Cesare , Aprea Paolo , Gentile Gennaro , Ambrogi Veronica , Lavorgna Marino , Cerruti Pierfrancesco 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHumidity‐driven and electrically responsive graphene/cloisite hybrid films are obtained by casting water dispersions of graphene oxide and cloisite Na+. Coupling hydrophilicity and a high water vapor barrier in a homogenous film enables to realize humidity‐driven actuators which exploit the water gradient generated across the film section under asymmetric exposure to humidity. The hybrid films are self‐standing, flexible, and exhibit fast humidity‐triggered bidirectional bending up to 75°, which is tuned by varying the relative amount of the two components. Up to 60% of the bending angle can be preserved at the steady state, providing a large and reliable response to humidity. Moreover, thermal treatment results in the reduction of graphene oxide, endowing the films with humidity‐dependent electrical conductivity, which increases from 1.5 × 10−6 S at 20% relative humidity (RH) up to 2.7 × 10−5 S at 90% RH. The films are used to realize a humidity‐sensitive electrical switching system in which the reversible actuation is due to water desorption induced by the Joule effect. Due to their ease of preparation and tunable properties, this new class of graphene‐based materials is suitable for the realization of humidity‐driven and electrically responsive actuators and sensors.
Electrochromic Switch Devices Mixing Small‐ and Large‐Sized Upconverting Nanocrystals
Authors: Martínez Eduardo D. , Brites Carlos D. S. , Carlos Luís D. , García‐Flores Alí F. , Urbano Ricardo R. , Rettori Carlos 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe hasty progress in smart, portable, flexible, and transparent integrated electronics and optoelectronics is currently one of the driving forces in nanoscience and nanotechnology. A promising approach is the combination of transparent conducting electrode materials (e.g., silver nanowires, AgNWs) and upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs). Here, electrochromic devices based on transparent nanocomposite films of poly(methyl methacrylate) and AgNWs covered by UCNPs of different sizes and compositions are developed. By combining the electrical control of the heat dissipation in AgNW networks with size‐dependent thermal properties of UCNPs, tunable electrochromic transparent devices covering a broad range of the chromatic diagrams are fabricated. As illustrative examples, devices mixing large‐sized (>70 nm) β‐NaYF4:Yb,Ln and small‐sized (<15 nm) NaGdF4:Yb,Ln@NaYF4 core@shell UCNPs (Ln = Tm, Er, Ce/Ho) are presented, permitting to monitor the temperature‐dependent emission of the particles by the intensity ratio of the Er3+ 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 emission lines, while externally controlling the current flow in the AgNW network. Moreover, by defining a new thermometric parameter involving the intensity ratio of transitions of large‐ and small‐sized UCNPs, a relative thermal sensitivity of 5.88% K−1 (at 339 K) is obtained, a sixfold improvement over the values reported so far.
Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis and Ammonia Fuel Cells
Authors: Jiao Feng , Xu Bingjun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAmmonia is a promising platform molecule for the future renewable energy infrastructure owing to its high energy density (when liquefied) and carbon‐free nature. In particular, the interconversion between the chemical and electrical energies leveraging the nitrogen cycle could be an effective approach in mitigating the intermittency of renewable electricity production. However, efficient methods to store and release energy into and from ammonia, respectively, are still under development. Here, the latest developments in electrochemical ammonia synthesis and ammonia fuel cells are presented, and perspectives in the technical challenges and possible remedies are outlined. N2 electrolysis, plasma‐enabled N2 activation, and electro‐thermochemical looping are three potential approaches for electrochemical ammonia synthesis; however, achieving high selectivity and energy efficiency remains challenging. Direct ammonia fuel cells are suitable for a broad range of mobile and transportation applications but are limited by the lack of active catalysts for ammonia oxidation.
Carrier Transfer Behaviors at Perovskite/Contact Layer Heterojunctions in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Chunyan , Hu Ziyang , Wang Yanyan , Sun Kai , Shen Baihui , Gao Can , Yang Cheng , Zhang Jing , Zhu Yuejin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHybrid halide perovskite based on CH3NH3PbI3 and related materials has emerged as the most exciting development in the next generation photovoltaic technologies. There is still requirement for an effective method to establish a relationship between the charge transfer behaviors and photovoltaic properties. This study presents Kelvin probe force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy measurements of versatile perovskite films that participate in the formation of different heterojunctions, exploring local current, contact potential difference (CPD), and charge activities at the nanoscale. By comparing the values of CPD and current of these perovskite films in dark and under illumination, the charge transfer behaviors are locally illustrated, suggesting that the perovskite roles in these heterojunctions are strictly dependent on the contact layers. Furthermore, the average difference (ΔV) of the CPD values obtained in dark and under illumination for each heterojunction can be set to analyze the efficacy of the perovskite/contact layer interfaces. The ΔV polarity is related to the type of charge carrier (hole or electron), while the ΔV magnitude is related to the number of charge carrier. These results emphasize the importance of understanding of these heterojunction systems that could guide the design and optimization of the photovoltaic configuration.
Food Sweetener Saccharin in Binary Organocatalyst for Bulk Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactide
Authors: Wei Fulan , Zhu Hui , Li Zhenjiang , Wang Haixin , Zhu Yuejia , Zhang Lei , Yao Zhiwei , Luo Zikun , Zhang Chan , Guo Kai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPolylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) is the leading commercialized bio‐based polyester widely used in biomedical apparatus and disposable food packaging materials, among others. Desirable features of green and environmentally friendly ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide (LA) by organocatalysts were bulk ROP at high temperature; the organocatalyst should be inexpensive, readily available, and biosafe in the produced PLA; and the ROPs should afford PLA of precisely controlled molecular weights with no transesterifications, nor epimerizations. An organocatalyst that met all these desirable merits has, to the best of our knowledge, not been reported to date. We proposed pyridinium saccharinate binary organocatalyst for industrially feasible ROPs of lactide, carbonates, and lactones. Pyridinium saccharinates of three commercial pyridines including 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), 4‐pyrrolidinopyridine, and pyridine were prepared in one step by quantitative yields. An optimal DMAP saccharinate (DMAP ⋅ Sac) as the catalyst successfully promoted ROPs of l‐lactide (LLA) and δ‐valerolactone (VL) with benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as an initiator. The bifunctional DMAP ⋅ Sac coordinated to living polymer chain‐end with enolate oxygen to hydrogen of the hydroxyl, and to monomer with pyridinium N−H to oxygen of the carbonyl that successfully catalyzed efficient polymerization of LLA. High relative growth rate (RGR>90%) of the DMAP ⋅ Sac containing poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) ensured the desirable biocompatibility and biosafety.magnified image
Broad Scale and Structure Fabrication of Healthcare Materials for Drug and Emerging Therapies via Electrohydrodynamic Techniques
Authors: Mehta Prina , Zaman Aliyah , Smith Ashleigh , Rasekh Manoochehr , Haj‐Ahmad Rita , Arshad Muhammad S. , van der Merwe Susanna , Chang M.‐W. , Ahmad Z. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe engineering of advanced healthcare materials provides a platform to address challenges facing interdisciplinary scientists, clinicians, pharmacists, biomaterial scientists, and biomedical engineers. Niche, timely developments arising from the synthesis or extraction of more biocompatible materials, new biologically active components, clearer insights into disease mechanisms, and novel therapies provide several timely opportunities. These include enhanced therapies with greater patient compliance, improved disease targeting, better diagnosis, and bespoke medications for individuals. Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) comprises several processes making use of electric fields interplaying with several forces. Coupled to advanced materials and specifically configured apparatuses, effective and controlled fabrication of various structures on various scales possessing various dimensions is readily achieved. The processes have distinct advantages compared to established engineering methods (ambient environment engineering, low shear, scalability, compartmentalization, etc.). This detailed review focuses on key concepts and developments in EHDA engineering pertaining to underlying principles, enabling tools and engineered structures specifically for healthcare remits. From initial experiments involving the behaviour of non‐formulated liquids on charged amber to recent developments in complex 3D matrix printing, the EHDA route has progressed significantly in the last two decades, and is capable of providing timely platform opportunities to tackle several global healthcare challenges.
Polymerization Data Mining: A Perspective
Authors: Mohammadi Yousef , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPolymerization data mining is the art of revealing insights and developing new knowledge from huge amounts of data routinely generated in polymerization systems and polymer characterization (polymerization processes and properties of polymer materials are the specific topic of this article). This becomes possible via development and implementation of robust and versatile intelligent data classifiers/clusterers for precise (numerical) processing of any given large theoretical/experimental datasets. Data mining is capable of effectively “cracking” recipe–microstructure–property interrelationships in modern macromolecular reaction engineering. This work offers a perspective, which contains a brief overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art and history of the area, along with current developments and trends in the data mining field (for polymerizations) with several conceptual examples. All in all, and similar to what is happening in other areas, polymerization data mining is becoming a necessity. The first applications seem promising. Applying molecular simulation approaches and artificial intelligence techniques, the design and establishment of powerful simulators for characterization and processing of virtually synthesized macromolecules are open to future developments, being of paramount importance to both industry and academia.
Broadband Spin‐Driven Anomalous Surface Plasmon Polariton Steering via V‐Shaped Aperture Metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Hui , Cao Guangtao , Ou Kai , Li Guanhai , Chen Xiaoshuang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNumerically and theoretically the realization of broadband spin‐driven anomalous surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) steering via a V‐shaped aperture metasurface is demonstrated. With various orientation angles, asymmetrical phase profiles can be achieved on the left and right sides of the V‐shaped aperture, which also exhibit spin sensitive character. Spin‐driven anomalous SPP steering such as SPP launching and focusing are numerically demonstrated by properly arranging the V‐shaped apertures, and enabling extra degrees of freedom in controlling the propagation of SPPs. It is worth noting that spin‐driven anomalous SPP launching can be achieved within a broad bandwidth (800–1100 nm), being more conducive to practical applications. Moreover, an improved theoretical model is established as a physical interpretation of anomalous SPP wavefront steering and the theoretical results agree well with numerical results. These results will largely enhance the flexibility and tunability to steer the wavefront of SPPs, giving rise to broad applications in plasmonic circuits, polarization sensitive beam splitting, and near‐field imaging.
High‐Performance Yarn Supercapacitor Based on Metal–Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Electrode for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Yang Chao , Liu Qifan , Zang Limin , Qiu Jianhui , Wang Xue , Wei Chun , Qiao Xuan , Hu Lei , Yang Jun , Song Ge , Liu Chanjuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA flexible all‐solid‐state yarn supercapacitor (YSC) based on metal–inorganic–organic ternary hybrid structure is fabricated by assembling polypyrrole@manganese oxide nanosheets@stainless steel yarn (PMS) yarn electrode of core/sheath/sheath configuration. The PMS yarn electrode combines the advantages of each component and shows excellent electrochemical performance, mechanical flexibility, and flame retardance owing to its unique structure and synergistic effect. The as‐fabricated YSC exhibits a high areal specific capacitance of 181 mF cm−2, areal energy density of 16.1 µWh cm−2, and areal power density of 10.3 mW cm−2. Moreover, the device possesses desirable voltage/current scalability and outstanding mechanical stability, which maintains 95.8% capacitance retention after 1000 bending cycles. As a demonstration, four YSCs are connected in series and then charged for 10 s to drive a light‐emitting diode (LED) digital watch. The outstanding overall performance of the YSC indicates that it is an ideal flexible power source for safe wearable electronics.
Strategic Selection of the Oxygen Source for Low Temperature‐Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 Thin Film
Authors: Jin Hyun Soo , Kim Dae Hyun , Kim Seong Keun , Wallace Robert M. , Kim Jiyoung , Park Tae Joo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe influence of two oxygen source types, H2O and O3, on residual C‐related impurities in atomic‐layer‐deposited (ALD) Al2O3 film is systematically examined. ALD Al2O3 film grown using H2O contains negligible C‐related impurities irrespective of growth temperature. However, the C‐related impurity in film grown using O3 exhibits strong dependence on growth temperature; only Al carbonate (Al‐CO3) is present in film grown at 300 °C, but C‐related impurities with lower oxidation states, such as Al‐COOH and Al‐CHO, appear as the temperature decreases to 150 °C. This suggests that the reactivity of O3 and H2O in the ALD process has a different temperature dependence; from a residual impurity perspective, compared to O3, H2O is a beneficial oxygen source for low temperature processes. Electrical properties, such as charge trapping and gate leakage current, are also examined. For a growth temperature of 300 °C, the film grown using O3 is slightly superior to the film grown using H2O due to its high film density. However, the film grown using H2O demonstrates better electrical characteristics at low growth temperature, 150 °C.
Rational Design of Hierarchically Open‐Porous Spherical Hybrid Architectures for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yun Sol , Bak Seong‐Min , Kim Sanghyeon , Yeon Jeong Seok , Kim Min Gyu , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Braun Paul V. , Park Ho Seok 
Published: December 2018

AbstractControlling the internal microstructure and overall morphology of building blocks used to form hybrid materials is crucial for the realization of deterministically designed architectures with desirable properties. Here, integrative spray‐frozen (SF) assembly is demonstrated for forming hierarchically structured open‐porous microspheres (hpMSs) composed of Fe3O4 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The SF process drives the formation of a radially aligned microstructure within the sprayed colloidal droplets and also controls the overall microsphere morphology. The spherical Fe3O4/rGO hpMSs contain interconnected open pores, which, when used as a lithium‐ion battery anode, enables them to provide gravimetric and volumetric capacities of 1069.7 mAh g−1 and 686.7 mAh cm−3, much greater than those of samples with similar composition and different morphologies. The hpMSs have good rate and cycling performance, retaining 78.5% capacity from 100 to 1000 mA g−1 and 74.6% capacity over 300 cycles. Using in situ synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, the reaction pathway and phase evolution of the hpMSs are monitored enabling observation of the very small domain size and highly disordered nature of FexOy. The reduced capacity fade relative to other conversion systems is due to the good electrical contact between the pulverized FexOy particles and rGO, the overall structural integrity of the hpMSs, and the interconnected open porosity.
Mental illness, drinking, and the social division and structure of labor in the United States: 2003‐2015
Authors: Prins Seth J. , McKetta Sarah , Platt Jonathan , Muntaner Carles , Keyes Katherine M. , Bates Lisa M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe draw on a relational theoretical perspective to investigate how the social division and structure of labor are associated with serious and moderate mental illness and binge and heavy drinking.MethodsThe Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the Occupational Information Network were linked to explore how occupation, the productivity‐to‐pay gap, unemployment, the gendered division of domestic labor, and factor‐analytic and theory‐derived dimensions of work are related to mental illness and drinking outcomes.ResultsOccupations involving manual labor and customer interaction, entertainment, sales, or other service‐oriented labor were associated with increased odds of mental illness and drinking outcomes. Looking for work, more hours of housework, and a higher productivity‐to‐pay gap were associated with increased odds of mental illness. Physical/risky work was associated with binge and heavy drinking and serious mental illness; technical/craft work and automation were associated with binge drinking. Work characterized by higher authority, autonomy, and expertise was associated with lower odds of mental illness and drinking outcomes.ConclusionsSituating work‐related risk factors within their material context can help us better understand them as determinants of mental illness and identify appropriate targets for social change.