bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience and the meaning of stigma in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their families: A qualitative study
Authors: Rezayat Fatemeh , Mohammadi Eesa , Fallahi‐khoshknab Masoud , Sharifi Vandad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explore the experiences of stigma in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their families.MethodsThis qualitative content analysis study was carried out in 2016–2017 in a psychiatric hospital in Tehran, Iran. A total of 16 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their families were chosen purposefully. In order to collect the data, unstructured interviews were conducted. For the data analysis, an inductive content analysis approach was used.ResultsThe data analysis led to the formation of two categories, “being socially rejected” and “being oppressed by others,” and nine subcategories. In being socially rejected, others do not have a desire to communicate and start or continue cohabitation with the patients and their families and stay at a distance from them with fear. In being oppressed by others, persons behave aggressively with the patients and their families, violate their rights, and humiliate and ridicule them with their incorrect judgment.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their families have the unpleasant and upsetting experiences of stigma. This problem imposes pressures and extreme difficulties on them, besides the difficulties related to the nature and the symptoms of the disorder. The findings reveals the need to develop strategies to help patients and their families effectively encounter stigma.
Fingolimod's Impact on MRI Brain Volume Measures in Multiple Sclerosis: Results from MS‐MRIUS
Authors: Zivadinov Robert , Medin Jennie , Khan Nasreen , Korn Jonathan R. , Bergsland Niels , Dwyer Michael G. , Chitnis Tanuja , Naismith Robert T. , Alvarez Enrique , Kinkel Peter , Cohan Stanley , Hunter Samuel F. , Silva Diego , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca ,   on behalf of MS‐MRIUS investigators
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEEvidence is needed to understand the effect of fingolimod on slowing down brain atrophy progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in clinical practice. We investigated the effect of fingolimod on brain atrophy in MS patients with active disease (clinically and/or magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) versus no evidence of active disease (NEAD).METHODSMS and clinical outcome and MRI in the United States (MS‐MRIUS) is a multicenter, retrospective study that included 590 relapsing‐remitting MS patients, who initiated fingolimod, and were followed for a median of 16 months. Patients with active disease at baseline (245, 41.5%) were defined as those who had one or more relapses in the year previous starting fingolimod, and/or displayed gadolinium enhancing lesions(s) at baseline MRI scan, whereas patients with NEAD at baseline (345, 58.5%) did not fulfill these criteria. Annualized percentage brain volume change (PBVC) and percentage lateral ventricle volume change (PLVVC) over the follow‐up were analyzed in both groups.RESULTSOver the follow‐up, the rate of PBVC was −.38% in active disease and −.25% in NEAD patients (P = .076), whereas PLLVC was 1.76% in active disease and .28% in NEAD patients (P = .046). No changes in timed 25‐foot walk (P = .619) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (P = .275) scores or MRI lesion accumulation (P > 0.08) were detected, although the active disease group had a higher proportion of relapses during the follow‐up period (P = .02).CONCLUSIONSThe study provides real‐world evidence that rate of brain atrophy in MS patients with underlying active disease and NEAD in fingolimod treated patients is below the established pathological cutoff for loss of whole brain volume (>−.4%) or expansion of lateral ventricles (> 3.5%).
How does proactive personality promote creativity? A multilevel examination of the interplay between formal and informal leadership
Authors: Pan Jingzhou , Liu Songbo , Ma Bin , Qu Zhiyao 
Published: May 2018

Based on the social perspective on creativity, which highlights the importance of social network parameters for individual creativity, this study examines the relationship between employees’ proactive personality and their individual creativity in the context of visionary leadership behaviour. Using survey data from 247 employees and their direct supervisors from 54 work teams in China, we find that informal leadership status mediates the relationship between an employee's proactive personality and his/her creativity. We also demonstrate that the link between an employee's informal leadership status and his/her individual creativity is moderated by formal leaders’ visionary behaviour. Overall, a moderated‐mediation model is established such that, when a formal leader shows a high level of visionary behaviour, the relationship between an employee's proactive personality and his/her creativity via informal leadership status is stronger than with a low level of visionary leader behaviour.Practitioner points

Employees with more proactive personalities should be aware of and take advantage of their potential informal leadership status in work teams for increased individual creativity.

We suggest that managers recognize informal leaders and provide visionary guidance to promote the informal leaders’ creativity.
School‐Level Practices and Perceptions Associated With Salad Bars in Schools
Authors: Bruening Meg , Adams Marc A. , Ohri‐Vachaspati Punam , Hurley Jane 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSalad bars are placed in schools to promote fruit and vegetable consumption among students. This study assessed differences in school nutrition practices and perceptions in schools with and without salad bars.METHODSCross‐sectional surveys were completed by school nutrition managers (N = 648) in Arizona schools participating in the National School Lunch Program during 2013–2014. Mixed general estimating equation binomial regressions assessed factors related to having a salad bar after mutually adjusting for clustering within districts, school level, free/reduced rate, and respondents' time in current position.RESULTSOn average, 61% of schools reported having a salad bar. After adjustment, school nutrition managers were significantly more likely to report having a salad bar if they served lunch by grade level (vs mixed grades), had a full‐service kitchen, and their personal perception of salad bars was positive; schools were less likely to have a salad bar if menu and food service decisions were made at the school level.CONCLUSIONSSeveral school‐level nutrition practices and perceptions were associated with having a salad bar in schools. Enhancement of these factors may facilitate having salad bars in schools.
The Link Between Nutrition and Physical Activity in Increasing Academic Achievement
Authors: Asigbee Fiona M. , Whitney Stephen D. , Peterson Catherine E. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDResearch demonstrates a link between decreased cognitive function in overweight school‐aged children and improved cognitive function among students with high fitness levels and children engaging in regular physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to examine whether regular PA and proper nutrition together had a significant effect on academic achievement.METHODSUsing the seventh wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class 1998–99 (ECLS‐K) dataset, linear regression analysis with a Jackknife resampling correction was conducted to analyze the relationship among nutrition, PA, and academic achievement, while controlling for socioeconomic status, age, and sex. A nonactive, unhealthy nutrition group and a physically active, healthy nutrition group were compared on standardized tests of academic achievement.RESULTSFindings indicated that PA levels and proper nutrition significantly predicted achievement scores. Thus, the active, healthy nutrition group scored higher on reading, math, and science standardized achievement tests scores.CONCLUSIONSThere is a strong connection between healthy nutrition and adequate PA, and the average performance within the population. Thus, results from this study suggest a supporting relationship between students' health and academic achievement. Findings also provide implications for school and district policy changes.
The Apples of Academic Performance: Associations Between Dietary Patterns and Academic Performance in Australian Children
Authors: Pearce Karma , Golley Rebecca , Lewis Lucy , Cassidy Leah , Olds Timothy , Maher Carol 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an association between dietary patterns and children's academic performance.METHODSThis cross‐sectional study involved 315 children aged 9‐11 years from 26 schools in Australia. Academic performance was measured in 4 domains (reading, writing, numeracy, and language—subdomains: spelling, grammarm and punctuation) using the National Assessment Program in Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN). A self‐reported child questionnaire collected dietary intake data. “Core” (healthy) and “noncore” (unhealthy) dietary patterns were derived using principal components analysis.RESULTSThe noncore pattern was associated with lower NAPLAN scores across all academic domains (mean: −12.6, 95% CI: −18.7 to −6.4, r2 = .073, p < .001) except writing, while the core foods pattern was not associated with NAPLAN scores across all domains. When the noncore model was adjusted for sociodemographic covariates (child body mass index, ethnicity, sex, parental education, household income, marital status, mother's employment hours, and number of siblings), the association was attenuated but remained statistically significant (NAPLAN summary score: −8.5, 95% CI −15.0 to −1.9, r2 = .123, p = .011).CONCLUSIONSAcademic performance was deleteriously associated with a nutrient‐poor, energy‐dense diet, yet not associated with a nutritious diet.
The spatial structure of phylogenetic and functional diversity in the United States and Canada: An example using the sedge family (Cyperaceae)
Authors: Spalink Daniel , Pender Jocelyn , Escudero Marcial , Hipp Andrew L. , Roalson Eric H. , Starr Julian R. , Waterway Marcia J. , Bohs Lynn , Sytsma Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSystematically quantifying diversity across landscapes is necessary to understand how clade history and ecological heterogeneity contribute to the origin, distribution, and maintenance of biodiversity. Here, we chart the spatial structure of diversity among all species in the sedge family (Cyperaceae) throughout the USA and Canada. We first identify areas of remarkable species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional trait diversity, and highlight regions of conservation priority. We then test predictions about the spatial structure of this diversity based on the historical biogeography of the family. Incorporating a phylogeny, over 400 000 herbarium records, and a database of functional traits mined from online floras, we find that species richness and functional trait diversity peak in the Northeastern USA, while phylogenetic diversity peaks along the Gulf of Mexico. Floristic turnover among assemblages increases significantly with distance, but phylogenetic turnover is twice as rapid along latitudinal gradients as along longitudinal gradients. These patterns reflect the expected distribution of Cyperaceae, which originated in the tropics but radiated in temperate regions. We identify assemblages with an abundance of rare, range‐restricted lineages, and assemblages composed of species generally lacking from diverse regions. We argue that both of these metrics are useful for developing targeted conservation strategies. We use the data generated here to establish future research priorities, including the testing of a series of hypotheses regarding the distribution of chromosome numbers, photosynthetic pathways, and resource partitioning in sedges.
Effects of immunosuppressive agents on the hemostatic system in normal dogs
Authors: Thomason John M. , Archer Todd M. , Wills Robert W. , Mackin Andrew J. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundIn dogs, the effects of immunosuppressive medications on hemostasis are not well known.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe objective was to determine the effects of immunosuppressive medications on primary and secondary hemostasis. Our hypothesis was that cyclosporine and prednisone would increase markers of hypercoagulability and thromboxane synthesis, while azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and leflunomide would have minimal effects on hemostasis.AnimalsEight healthy dogs.MethodsA randomized, cross‐over study used aggregometry, the PFA‐100 platelet function analyzer, viscoelastometry, platelet count, and prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times to evaluate hemostasis during the administration of prednisone, azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and leflunomide for 1 week each at standard oral doses. Urine 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane‐B2 (11‐dTXB2) and 6‐keto‐prostaglandin‐F1α (6‐keto‐PGF1α) concentrations, normalized to urine creatinine concentration, were measured.ResultsThe aggregometry amplitude decreased from 51 ± 21 to 27 ± 14 (P = .002) during leflunomide treatment (ADP activation), but there were no differences in amplitude (P = .240) for any medications when platelets were activated with collagen. For all medications, there were no significant differences in viscoelastometry indices (ACT, P = .666; ClotRate, P = .340; and platelet function, P = .411) and platelet count (P = .552). Compared with pretreatment values, urinary 11‐dTXB2‐to‐creatinine ratio increased (P = .001) after drug administration (from 3.7 ± 0.6 to 5.6 ± 1.1). Cyclosporine was associated with an increase (P < .001) in the 6‐keto‐PGF1α‐to‐creatinine ratio (from 10.3 ± 4.6 to 22.1 ± 5.3).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMost immunosuppressive drugs do not enhance platelet function or coagulation in healthy dogs, suggesting that these medications might not predispose hypercoagulable dogs to thromboembolism. The results of our study need to be correlated with the clinical outcomes of hypercoagulable dogs.
Establishment of reference values of the caudal vena cava by fast‐ultrasonography through different views in healthy dogs
Authors: Darnis Elodie , Boysen Soren , Merveille Anne‐Christine , Desquilbet Loïc , Chalhoub Serge , Gommeren Kris 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundClinical assessment of intravascular volume status is challenging. In humans, ultrasonographic assessment of the inferior vena cava diameter, directly or as a ratio to the aortic diameter is used to estimate intravascular volume status.ObjectivesTo ultrasonographically obtain reference values (RV) for caudal vena cava diameter (CVCD), area (CVCa) and aortic ratios using 3 views in awake healthy dogs.AnimalsOne hundred and twenty‐six healthy adult dogs from clients, students, faculty, or staff.MethodsProspective, multicenter, observational study. Two observer pairs evaluated CVCDby a longitudinal subxiphoid view (SV), a transverse 11th‐13th right hepatic intercostal view (HV), and a longitudinal right paralumbar view (PV). Inter‐rater agreements were estimated using concordance correlation coefficients (CCC). For body weight (BW)‐dependent variables, RVs were calculated using allometric scaling for variables with a CCC ≥ 0.7.ResultsThe CCC was ≤0.43 for the CVC/aorta ratio at the PV and ≤0.43 in both inspiration and expiration for CVC at the SV. The RVs using allometric scaling for CVCaat the HV for inspiration, expiration, and for CVCDat the PV were 6.16 × BW0.762, 7.24 × BW0.787, 2.79 × BW0.390, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe CVCD, measured at the HV and PV in healthy awake dogs of various breeds has good inter‐rater agreement suggesting these sites are reliable in measuring CVCD. Established RVs for CVCDfor these sites need further comparison to results obtained in hypovolemic and hypervolemic dogs to determine their usefulness to evaluate volume status in dogs.
Emergence of Edwardsiella piscicida in Farmed Channel ♀, Ictalurus punctatus × Blue ♂, Ictalurus furcatus, Hybrid Catfish Cultured in Mississippi
Authors: Griffin Matt J. , Reichley Stephen R. , Baumgartner Wes A. , Aarattuthodiyil Suja , Ware Cynthia , Steadman James M. , Lewis Marsha , Gaunt Patricia S. , Khoo Lester H. , Wise David J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThere is a trend toward the increased incidence and prevalence of Edwardsiella piscicida septicemia in US catfish aquaculture, particularly in channel ♀, Ictalurus punctatus, × blue ♂, I. furcatus, hybrid catfish. From 2013 to 2017, a total of 3242 disease case submissions were made to the Aquatic Research and Diagnostic Laboratory (ARDL) at the Thad Cochran National Warmwater Aquaculture Center in Stoneville, MS. Of these, 1400 (43.2%) were hybrids. E. piscicida was suspected in 138 (4.3%) of cases, the majority of which (89.1%) were from hybrid catfish. A molecular survey of these isolates confirmed the majority (92.0%) to be E. piscicida. Furthermore, cases of E. piscicida from hybrids submitted to the ARDL and the Aquatic Diagnostic Laboratory of the Mississippi State University College of Veterinary Medicine in Starkville, MS, were documented for gross lesions and histological analysis. Grossly, E. piscicida presents with small dermal ulcerations, a raised fluid‐filled cranial midline lesion that is frequently ulcerated, hemorrhage in the gills, exophthalmia, and abdominal distension. Internally, lesions include splenomegaly, straw‐colored ascites, renomegaly, and occasionally hemorrhagic intestines. Histopathological examination is in agreement with gross observations, and infected fish repeatedly demonstrate a mononuclear meningoencephalitis, hemorrhagic branchitis, splenitis, ulcerative dermatitis, granulomatous interstitial nephritis, and hepatitis coupled with a hemorrhagic enteritis.
Delisting HCV‐infected liver transplant candidates who improved after viral eradication: Outcome 2 years after delisting
Authors: Perricone Giovanni , Duvoux Christophe , Berenguer Marina , Cortesi Paolo A. , Vinaixa Carmen , Facchetti Rita , Mazzarelli Chiara , Rockenschaub Susanne‐Rasoul , Martini Silvia , Morelli Cristina , Monico Sara , Volpes Riccardo , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe , Fagiuoli Stefano , Belli Luca S. ,   the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association (ELITA)
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgrounds & AimsTreating patients with decompensated cirrhosis with direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy while on the waiting list for liver transplantation results in substantial improvement of liver function allowing 1 in 4 patients to be removed from the waiting list or delisted, as reported in a previous study promoted by the European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association (ELITA). The aim of this study was to report on clinical outcomes of delisted patients, including mortality risk, hepatocellular carcinoma development and clinical decompensation requiring relisting.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐two HCV‐positive patients on the liver transplant waiting list for decompensated cirrhosis, negative for hepatocellular carcinoma, between February 2014 and June 2015 were treated with DAA therapy and were prospectively followed up.ResultsForty‐four patients (30.9%) were delisted following clinical improvement. This percentage was higher than in the original study because of a number of patients being delisted long after starting DAAs. The median Child‐Pugh and MELD score of delisted patients was 5.5 and 9 respectively. Four patients were relisted, because of HCC diagnosis in 1 case and 3 patients developed ascites. One further patient died (2.4%) because of rapidly progressing hepatocellular carcinoma twenty‐two months after delisting. Of the 70 patients who received a liver graft, 9 died (13%).ConclusionsAntiviral therapy allows for a long‐term improvement of liver function and the delisting of one‐third of treated patients with risk of liver‐related complications after delisting being very low.
Bone morphogenetic protein 9 as a key regulator of liver progenitor cells in DDC‐induced cholestatic liver injury
Authors: Addante Annalisa , Roncero Cesáreo , Almalé Laura , Lazcanoiturburu Nerea , García‐Álvaro María , Fernández Margarita , Sanz Julián , Hammad Seddik , Nwosu Zeribe C. , Lee Se‐Jin , Fabregat Isabel , Dooley Steven , ten Dijke Peter , Herrera Blanca , Sánchez Aránzazu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsBone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) interferes with liver regeneration upon acute injury, while promoting fibrosis upon carbon tetrachloride‐induced chronic injury. We have now addressed the role of BMP9 in 3,5 diethoxicarbonyl‐1,4 dihydrocollidine (DDC)‐induced cholestatic liver injury, a model of liver regeneration mediated by hepatic progenitor cell (known as oval cell), exemplified as ductular reaction and oval cell expansion.MethodsWT and BMP9KO mice were submitted to DDC diet. Livers were examined for liver injury, fibrosis, inflammation and oval cell expansion by serum biochemistry, histology, RT‐qPCR and western blot. BMP9 signalling and effects in oval cells were studied in vitro using western blot and transcriptional assays, plus functional assays of DNA synthesis, cell viability and apoptosis. Crosslinking assays and short hairpin RNA approaches were used to identify the receptors mediating BMP9 effects.ResultsDeletion of BMP9 reduces liver damage and fibrosis, but enhances inflammation upon DDC feeding. Molecularly, absence of BMP9 results in overactivation of PI3K/AKT, ERK‐MAPKs and c‐Met signalling pathways, which together with an enhanced ductular reaction and oval cell expansion evidence an improved regenerative response and decreased damage in response to DDC feeding. Importantly, BMP9 directly targets oval cells, it activates SMAD1,5,8, decreases cell growth and promotes apoptosis, effects that are mediated by Activin Receptor‐Like Kinase 2 (ALK2) type I receptor.ConclusionsWe identify BMP9 as a negative regulator of oval cell expansion in cholestatic injury, its deletion enhancing liver regeneration. Likewise, our work further supports BMP9 as an attractive therapeutic target for chronic liver diseases.
Ceres's global and localized mineralogical composition determined by Dawn's Visible and Infrared Spectrometer (VIR)
Authors: De Sanctis M. C. , Ammannito E. , Carrozzo F. G. , Ciarniello M. , Giardino M. , Frigeri A. , Fonte S. , McSween H. Y. , Raponi A. , Tosi F. , Zambon F. , Raymond C. A. , Russell C. T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Visible and Infrared Spectrometer (VIR) instrument on the Dawn mission observed Ceres’s surface at different spatial resolutions, revealing a nearly uniform global distribution of surface mineralogy. Clearly, Ceres experienced extensive water‐related processes and chemical differentiation. The surface is mainly composed of a dark component (carbon, magnetite?), Mg‐phyllosilicates, ammoniated clays, carbonates, and salts. The observed species suggest endogenous, global‐scale aqueous alteration. While mostly uniform at regional scale, Ceres’s surface shows small localized areas with different species and/or variations in abundances. Few local exposures of water ice are seen, especially at higher latitudes. Sodium carbonates have been identified in several areas on the surface, notably in Occator bright faculae. Organic matter has also been discovered in several places, most conspicuously in a large area close to the Ernutet crater. The observed mineralogies, with the presence of ammoniated species and sodium salts, have a strong resemblance to materials found on other bodies of the outer solar system, such as Enceladus. This poses some questions about the original material from which Ceres accreted, suggesting a colder environment for such material with respect to Ceres’s present position.