bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer-Specific and General Nutritional Scores and Cancer Risk: Results from the Prospective NutriNet-Santé Cohort
Authors: Lavalette Céline , Adjibade Moufidath , Srour Bernard , Sellem Laury , Fiolet Thibault , Hercberg Serge , Latino-Martel Paule , Fassier Philippine , Deschasaux Mélanie , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Touvier Mathilde 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Several national and international authorities have proposed nutritional and lifestyle recommendations with the aim of improving health of the general population. Scores of adherence to these recommendations can be calculated at the individual level. Here, we investigated the associations between four nutritional scores and overall, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer risk in a large prospective population-based cohort: the cancer-specific World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) score, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), a score based on adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MEDI-LITE), and the French National Nutrition Health Program-Guideline Score (PNNS-GS). This study included 41,543 participants aged ≥40 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2017). A total of 1,489 overall incident cancers were diagnosed. A one-point increment of the WCRF/AICR score was significantly associated with decreased overall [12%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8%–16%; P &lt; 0.0001], breast (14%; 95% CI, 6%–21%; P = 0.001), and prostate (12%; 95% CI, 0%–22%; P = 0.05) cancer risks. Hazard ratio for colorectal cancer risk was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.72–1.03; P = 0.09). The PNNS-GS score was associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk (P = 0.04) and AHEI-2010 was associated with reduced overall cancer risk (P = 0.03). The WCRF/AICR score performed best. Compared with other tested scores, it included a stronger penalty for alcohol, which is a major risk factor for several cancer sites. Better adherence to nutritional recommendations, especially those designed for cancer prevention, could substantially contribute to decreased cancer incidence.
Significance: This large prospective population-based cohort study suggests that following dietary recommendations such as the ones proposed by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research could significantly contribute to cancer prevention. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4427–35. ©2018 AACR.
Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Airy Medha , Schold Jesse D. , Jolly Stacey E. , Arrigain Susana , Bansal Nisha , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Nally Jr Joseph V. , Navaneethan Sankar D. 
Published: July 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the associations between AF and cause-specific mortality in a large CKD population. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We included 62,459 patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate 15–59 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> (6,639 patients with AF and 55,820 without AF) followed in a large health care system. Outcomes included overall and cause-specific deaths (a) cardiovascular; (b) malignancy; and (c) non-cardiovascular/non-malignancy causes. Cox regression models for overall mortality and separate competing risk models for each major cause of death category were used to evaluate their respective associations with AF. <b><i>Results:</i></b> During a median follow-up of 4.1 years, 19,094 patients died; cause of death was known for 18,854 patients. After multivariable adjustment (demographics, comorbidities, relevant laboratory data, medication use, and kidney function), AF was associated with 23% (95% CI 18–29%) higher risk of all-cause mortality, 45% (95% CI 31–61%) higher risk of cardiovascular mortality and 13% (95% CI 3–22%) lower risk of malignancy-related mortality. Exclusion of patients with malignancy yielded similar results except for a lack of association between AF and malignancy-related deaths. Results were consistent across various stages of CKD. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In a non-dialysis-dependent CKD population, the presence of AF was associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. These data suggest that patients with both CKD and AF are at high cardiovascular risk, and thus clinical practice (or trials) should aim at reducing the overall excess cardiovascular mortality (not stroke alone) in patients with AF and CKD.
1.5-V CMOS Current Multiplier/Divider
Authors: Satansup Jetsdaporn , Tangsrirat Worapong 
Published: July 2018

A circuit technique for designing a compact low-voltage current-mode multiplier/divider circuit in CMOS technology is presented. It is based on the use of a compact current quadratic cell able to operate at low supply voltage. The proposed circuit is designed and simulated for implementing in TSMC 0.25-m CMOS technology with a single supply voltage of 1.5 V. Simulation results using PSPICE, accurately agreement with theoretical ones, have been provided, and also demonstrate a maximum linearity error of 1.5%, a THD less than 2% at 100 MHz, a total power consumption of 508 W, and -3dB small-signal frequency of about 245 MHz.
Hybrid Speckle Noise Reduction Method for Abdominal Circumference Segmentation of Fetal Ultrasound Images
Authors: Hermawati Fajar Astuti , Tjandrasa Handayani , Suciati Nanik 
Published: July 2018

Fetal biometric size such as abdominal circumference (AC) is used to predict fetal weight or gestational age in ultrasound images. The automatic biometric measurement can improve efficiency in the ultrasonography examination workflow. The unclear boundaries of the abdomen image and the speckle noise presence are the challenges for the automated AC measurement techniques. The main problem to improve the accuracy of the automatic AC segmentation is how to remove noise while retaining the boundary features of objects. In this paper, we proposed a hybrid ultrasound image denoising framework which was a combination of spatial-based filtering method and multiresolution based method. In this technique, an ultrasound image was decomposed into subbands using wavelet transform. A thresholding technique and the anisotropic diffusion method were applied to the detail subbands, at the same time the bilateral filtering modified the approximation subband. The proposed denoising approach had the best performance in the edge preservation level and could improve the accuracy of the abdominal circumference segmentation.
<b>Small carnivores of Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India</b>
Authors: Sanghamithra Devika , Nameer P. O. 
Published: July 2018

A study on the small carnivores in Silent Valley National Park (SVNP), southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India was conducted from September 2015 to April 2016, using the camera trap technique. Seven species of small carnivores were recorded during the study. The most common species of small carnivore of SVNP was Viverricula indica (44%) followed by Paradoxurus jerdoni (20%) and Herpestes vitticollis (17%). The other small carnivores found at SVNP were Herpestes fuscus (7%), Prionailurus bengalensis (6%), Aonyx cinereus (5%) and Martes gwatkinsii (1%). P. jerdoni and M. gwatkinsii are endemic to the Western Ghats. We discuss the niche partitioning among small carnivores in SVNP.
<b>Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of river Ichamati, India</b>
Authors: Basu Arnab , Sarkar Indrani , Datta Siddartha , Roy Sheela 
Published: July 2018

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities are frequently applied as indicators of aquatic ecosystem health as many species are responsive to pollution and abrupt changes in their surroundings. The qualities of benthic invertebrate communities greatly depend on habitat conditions. Thus the diversity in benthic community varies with different habitat conditions. This investigation on the structure of the benthic invertebrate communities was conducted on river Ichamati, a trans-boundary river between India and Bangladesh to assess the cumulative effects of water quality on the aquatic biota. The study period extended from February 2011 to January 2014 at three sites from Majdiah to Hasanabad (in West Bengal, India) a stretch of 124km. A total of 23 macrobenthic species belonging to three phyla, five classes and nine orders were identified. Fifteen species of benthic invertebrates belonging to Mollusca, three species under Annelida and five species under Arthropoda were found. The highest abundance density (3633.33 indiv.m-2) and species richness (18 species) were recorded up-stream (Majdiah) where marginal habitats covered by macrophytes were significantly higher than at other sites. Both the organic carbon (4.41±1.11) and organic matter (7.48±1.56) of soil at this site were the maximum thus influencing the richness of benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Hydrological variables, viz, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity; hardness, salinity, nutrients, calcium, and magnesium were studied to determine their influences on the benthic community in the upper, middle- and down-streams of the river, respectively. Shannon’s diversity index (0.95–2.07; 0.00–0.72; 0.00–0.64), dominance index (0.57–0.86; 0.00–0.44; 0.00–0.44), evenness index (0.72–0.95; 0.61–1.00; 0.00–1.00), Margalef index (0.72–2.23; 0.00–1.32; 0.00-0.28) of the upper, middle- and down-streams were calculated. Benthic macroinvertebrate density was correlated with hydrological variables which indicated that the abiotic factors had either direct or inverse influence on the richness and abundance; however, the abiotic factors did not correlate identically in all three sites.
Evaluation of Model-Based Soil Moisture Drought Monitoring over Three Key Regions in China
Authors: Li Yiping , Li Yaohui , Yuan Xing , Zhang Liang , Sha Sha 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLand surface models (LSMs) have been widely used to provide objective monitoring of soil moisture during drought, but large uncertainties exist because of the different parameterizations in LSMs. This study aims to evaluate the ability to monitor soil moisture drought over three key regions in China by using the Noah LSM from the Global Land Data Assimilation System, version 2 (GLDASv2), and the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) model that is currently used at the China Meteorological Administration. The modeled soil moisture drought indices were verified against the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), which served as a reference drought indicator over northern China (NC), northwestern China (NWC), and southwestern China (SWC) from 1961 to 2010. The results show that the precipitation forcing data that drive both LSMs have high accuracy when compared with local observational data. GLDASv2/Noah outperforms CABLE in capturing soil moisture anomalies and variability, especially in SWC, but both show good correlations with the 3-month SPEI (SPEI3) in NC, NWC, and SWC. The autumn drought of 2002 and spring drought of 2010 were selected for the comparison of the modeled drought categories with the SPEI3 drought category, where GLDASv2/Noah performed slightly better than CABLE. This work demonstrates that the choice of LSM is crucial for monitoring soil moisture drought and that the GLDASv2/Noah LSM can be a good candidate for the development of a new operational drought-monitoring system in China.
Free-Choice, Final Performance and Attitudes toward Different Types of Programmed Instruction
Authors: Scherman Avraham , Scherman Marion 
Published: July 2018

One-hundred thirty-six students enrolled in four classes of a counseling theories course served as the experimental subjects. In three classes students were randomly assigned to one of three modes of instruction: prose-text, linear programmed instruction, and branching programmed instruction. Subjects from the fourth class were given free choice to select the mode of instruction preferred. It was found that the free-choice group performed better than the linear and branching programmed instruction groups, although not significantly better than the prose-text group. In response to a questionnaire, males stated that when compared to traditional lecture-type courses, the programmed instruction approach helped them concentrate and resulted in a more efficient use of their time. Females did not think that the use of programmed instruction offered an interesting and stimulating approach.
Teacher Education: A Future of Declining Need: Toward a Redefinition of the Teaching Market
Authors: Weaver W. Timothy 
Published: July 2018

The supply of teachers is chronically out of phase with demand. The nation's colleges of teacher education were over supplying the market by a wide margin as recently as 1972, when an estimated 253,201 new teachers sought 142,180 jobs. Furthermore, the teachers’ colleges were still increasing production in those areas which had for several years been oversupplied (for example, social studies). This problem represents an enormous waste of national educational resources and one of the nation's poorest examples of educational planning. Suggested new policies include redirection of colleges of teacher education away from production of school teachers and administrators and toward educational specialists for government, industrial, health care, and welfare institutions. Such direction calls for a reconceptualization of the curriculum for preparing educators. Suggested is a new curricular sequence for teacher education which begins with general training in the teaching-learning process including such areas as program planning, evaluation, instructional theory, and ends with specialization in institutional application, i.e., training that emphasizes the peculiar needs of prisons, hospitals, business and industry, government, churches, community development, and schools including special fields of school teaching — early childhood, elementary, and secondary.
Transpersonal Education: A Preview
Authors: Moore Thomas W. 
Published: July 2018

The movement toward Humanistic Education has been trying to replace a previously exclusive attention to things and information with a renewed concern for the human person. Now there is another movement aimed at pushing concerns for the person to their limit, and beyond. This is transpersonal education. The transpersonal educator tries to excite the Child in us, to bring to birth new selves, new possibilities of experience. Through transpersonal education a person becomes aware of the feelings, fantasies and experiences which are our common heritage as human beings and begins to sense the interrelatedness of all things. The transpersonal approach emphasizes body awareness and sensitivity, the need for teachers to transcend their own ego needs, the appropriateness of myth and symbol as conveyors of intuitive knowledge, a serious approach to the arts, and an attitude toward sciences and object-study which values wonder and increased sensibility. In transpersonal learning one discovers nature's intrapsychic dimensions and the close relationship between self and world. The concerns of transpersonal education are in a sense spiritual, but they are not religious in a sectarian manner. The goal is to guide the individual in his or her exploration of the many realms of experience which transcend ego.
Evaluation of the Clinical Professorship within a University TEC Model
Authors: Wilen William W. , Hawthorne Richard D. 
Published: July 2018

Three years ago Kent State began making the transition from a traditional student teaching program to the Teacher Education Center approach. The major purpose was to bring together school and university people in a parity relationship to jointly plan, implement and evaluate the field-based components of professional training programs. As Kent State moved into the center approach, the responsibilities of student teaching supervisors began to change significantly. This prompted a redefinition of the role and title change to clinical professor. Last year the analysis of the data received from a comprehensive formative evaluation effort of our TEC program was completed. A major component of the assessment was the in-depth examination of the clinical professorship as perceived by TEC administrators, cooperating teachers, associate teachers and clinical professors. The data, analyses, and implications are reported in this manuscript. A major overall implication of the findings is that the clinical professor is the critical linkage between school and university in teacher preparation.
A sequential cognitive and physical approach (SCOPA) for patellofemoral pain: a randomized controlled trial in adolescent patients
Authors: Selhorst Mitchell , Rice William , Jackowski Michael , Degenhart Todd , Coffman Shaun 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To compare a sequential treatment algorithm considering psychosocial and physical impairments, with a conventional rehabilitation approach considering only physical impairments in adolescents with patellofemoral pain. Design: A randomized, single-blind, controlled study. Participants: Fifty-five adolescents (36 females; mean age 14.3 ± 1.8 years). Interventions: The sequential cognitive and physical approach (SCOPA) group ( n = 28) was treated based on sequential testing and treatment of activity-related fear, flexibility, kinematics, and strength. The comparator group ( n = 27) was treated with a non-sequential physical impairment–based approach. Both groups received treatment two times a week for up to six weeks. Measurements: Function (Anterior Knee Pain Scale), pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale), and Global Rating of Change were assessed at baseline, three weeks, and six weeks, with a six-month follow-up. Results: Both groups had similar function (73.7 ± 9.6) and pain (6.0 ± 2.3) at baseline. A third of individuals with patellofemoral pain demonstrated elevated activity-related fear at baseline. Patients randomized to the SCOPA group had clinically significant greater improvements at six weeks in function (SCOPA, 95.0 ± 7.4 and comparator, 84.8 ± 10.4; mean difference: 10.2, 95% CI: 5.3, 15.1) and pain (SCOPA, 0.9 ± 1.9 and comparator, 2.7 ± 2.1; mean difference: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.5, 2.9). No differences were noted in Global Rating of Change. No between-group differences were noted in any outcome at six-month follow-up. Conclusion: The sequential cognitive and physical approach resulted in greater improvements in short-term function and pain. By six months, both groups demonstrated similar clinically significant improvements in all outcomes.
Efficacy of vortioxetine on the physical symptoms of major depressive disorder
Authors: Christensen Michael Cronquist , Florea Ioana , Lindsten Annika , Baldwin David S 
Published: July 2018

Background: Efficacy has been proven for vortioxetine in short-term and long-term treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), with broad beneficial effects on emotional, physical and cognitive symptoms. Limited specific data on the effects of vortioxetine on depression-related physical symptoms have been published. Methods: A meta-analysis was carried out of five short-term multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. These studies were conducted in a total of 2105 adult MDD outpatients (18–75 years) with a major depressive episode of ⩾3 months’ duration. Only patients treated with a dose of 5 or 10 mg vortioxetine (therapeutic doses) or placebo were included in this analysis. Efficacy assessment of vortioxetine on the physical symptoms of depression included all items of the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) assessing physical symptoms, and all somatic items in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). A subgroup analysis in MDD patients with coexisting anxiety symptoms (i.e. those with a HAM-A ⩾20 at baseline) was also performed. Results: A significant improvement ( p<0.05) of vortioxetine versus placebo was observed on all HAM-D items measuring physical symptoms, except for the somatic gastrointestinal symptoms and loss of weight items. Significant effects were also observed on the HAM-A somatic items: general somatic symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, and autonomic symptoms. In patients with a high baseline level of anxiety, a significant effect of vortioxetine was also observed on the physical symptoms of depression. Conclusions: These analyses indicate that patients with MDD, including those with a high level of anxiety symptoms, have significant improvements in MDD-associated physical symptoms when treated with vortioxetine.
Early Australian experience in the maintenance of schizophrenia management with 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate
Authors: Pai Nagesh , Warden Matthew 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: Real-world experience from a 6-month product familiarization programme (PFP) for 3-monthly paliperidone palmitate in schizophrenia maintenance treatment. Methods: Prescribers completed an online questionnaire for each patient at enrolment with further questions at second dose (re-supply) stage and a second survey of their overall experience at the end. Results: Ninety-four patients were enrolled and received a first dose and 23 received a second dose within the 6-month programme; 51.1% had been hospitalised for symptom relapse in the previous 2 years. Reasons for prescribing were convenience of 3-monthly dosing for patients (94.7%) and patient choice (54.6%). Prescribers followed-up at least once-monthly (69.6% cases) and indicated in 48.9% they would consider shared GP care. All patients were satisfied with symptom control and either maintained functioning or showed improvement. Clinicians felt confident with administration and identifying suitable patients and were all ‘satisfied’ or ‘somewhat satisfied’ with efficacy and tolerability. All felt patients’ treatment goals were either ‘met’ (81.3%) or ‘partly met’ (18.7%) and none reported dissatisfaction with relapse prevention. Conclusions: Convenient 3-monthly dosing was preferred by clinicians and patients, and symptoms were adequately managed. This has the potential to improve adherence and lead to better outcomes as patients only need four intramuscular doses per year.
Case formulation using pattern-based formulation (PBF) methodology: clinical case 4
Authors: Fernando Irosh , Lampe Lisa 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: To provide a further example of the utility of the pattern-based model in formulation, and to introduce some further patterns. Methods: A case study was carried out using the Pattern-based Formulation (PBF). Results: Based on the case of a patient with a past history of trauma who developed late onset somatic symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder and major depression, the PBF approach enabled development of a comprehensive formulation to explain the patient’s current presentation. Four patterns were utilised. Conclusions: The PBF method of using patterns as building blocks enables development of a psychobiological formulation that can accommodate considerable complexity. PBF represents a broadly applicable method that may assist psychiatry trainees and others to develop good quality formulations.