bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects against TNFα- or H2O2- Induced Apoptosis by Modulating Iron Related Proteins in a Cell Culture Model
Authors: Xu Qi , Kanthasamy Anumantha G. , Reddy Manju B. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Oxidative stress, iron dysregulation, and inflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Considering the entwined relationship among these factors, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) may be a good candidate for PD treatment due to its protective effects against those factors. The objective of this study is to determine whether EGCG protects N27 dopaminergic neuronal cells from H2O2 - and TNFα- induced neurotoxicity. Seven treatments were included: control, H2O2, TNFα, FeSO4, H2O2 + EGCG, TNFα + EGCG, FeSO4 + EGCG. Cells were pretreated with 10 μM EGCG, followed by 50 μM H2O2, 30 ng/ml TNFα or 50 μM FeSO4. Neuroprotective effects of EGCG were assessed by cell viability assay, caspase-3 activity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and iron related protein expressions. Caspase-3 activity was increased to 2.8 fold (P < 0.001) and 1.5 fold (P < 0.01) with H2O2 and TNFα treatment; However, EGCG pretreatment significantly decreased the caspase activity by 50.2% (P < 0.001) and 30.1% (P < 0.05). Similarly, cell viability was reduced to 69.2% (P < 0.01) and 89% (P < 0.01) by H2O2 and TNFα, which was partially blocked by EGCG pretreatment. Also, EGCG significantly (P < 0.001) protected against H2O2- induced ROS in a time dependent manner. In addition, both H2O2 and TNFα significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated hepcidin expression and marginally reduced ferroportin (Fpn) expression unlike iron treatment alone. Collectively, our results show that EGCG protects against both TNFα- and H2O2- induced neuronal apoptosis. The observed neuroprotection may be through the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation which is possibly mediated mainly by hepcidin and partially by Fpn.
CO2 Fertilization Confounds Tree‐Ring Records of Regional Hydroclimate at Northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Wenzhi , Liu Xiaohong , Xu Guobao , Treydte Kerstin , Shao Xuemei , Qin Dahe , Wang Genxu , McDowell Nate G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding historical hydroclimate change during the last millennium is of fundamental importance for forecasting and evaluating the regional hydrologic cycle and water security under global warming. Here we compared observations of tree‐ring stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ18O), tree‐ring widths, lake sediments estimates of regional hydroclimate, and glacier advance and retreat for northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, China. The hydroclimate dynamics in our composite isotope record is similar to that derived from the juniper tree‐ring widths throughout the last millennium until the latter half of the twentieth century, after which they diverged with the tree‐ring widths indicating an unprecedented wet period while the isotopic results, sediment proxies, and glaciers demonstrated a drying pattern. Rising atmospheric CO2 promoted increases in canopy‐scale intrinsic water‐use efficiency and growth, causing tree‐ring widths to overestimate the regional hydroclimate signal in the growth record. Thus, our study suggests that CO2 fertilization over the last century may confound hydroclimate reconstructions inferred from juniper tree‐ring width at northeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, which may cause overestimates of water resources. Correction for CO2‐induced changes in tree‐ring widths may be necessary to accurately utilize tree rings for paleoclimate reconstructions.
Quasi‐Real‐Time and High‐Resolution Spatiotemporal Distribution of Ocean Anthropogenic CO2
Authors: Li B. F. , Watanabe Y. W. , Hosoda S. , Sato K. , Nakano Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIncreasing marine uptake of anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) causes global ocean acidification. To obtain a high‐resolution spatiotemporal distribution of oceanic carbon chemistry, we developed new parameterizations of the seawater total alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon from the ocean's surface to 2,000‐m depth by using dissolved oxygen, water temperature (T), salinity (S), and pressure (P) data. Using the values of total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon predicted by dissolved oxygen, T, S, and P data derived from autonomous biogeochemical Argo floats, we described the distribution of oceanic Cant in the 2000s in the subarctic North Pacific at high spatiotemporal resolution. The Cant was found about 300 m deeper than during the 1990s; its average inventory to 2,000 m was 24.8 ± 10.2 mol/m2, about 20% higher than the 1990s average. Future application of parameterizations to global biogeochemical Argo floats data should allow the detailed global mapping of spatiotemporal distributions of CO2 parameters.
Insights From a Decade of Research on Coral Reef—Atmosphere Energetics
Authors: McGowan Hamish , Sturman Andrew , Saunders Melissa , Theobald Alison , Wiebe Andrew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCoral reefs cover approximately 0.10 to 0.25% of the marine environment and yet are home to around 25% of marine species and support the livelihoods of more than 500 million people. They face a wide range of threats, with the impact of global warming gaining most attention due to its frequently claimed causal link to coral bleaching. Here we review a decade of research into the micrometeorology of Heron Reef, a lagoonal platform coral reef in the southern Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Using novel pontoon‐mounted eddy covariance systems, we show that often >80% of net radiation is partitioned into heating the water overlying the reef, the reef benthos, and substrate. Significant spatial variability in energy and trace gas exchanges occurs over the reef in response to different geomorphic and hydrodynamic conditions. Synoptic weather patterns that bring light winds, clear skies, and high humidity, result in reef scale meteorology that appears to have a greater influence on coral bleaching events than the background oceanic warming trend. The reef develops its own convective internal boundary layer, with potential to influence cloud development and therefore the surface energy balance. Knowledge of such local effects is lacking, so it is recommended that future research is needed into reef scale processes and how they interact with larger‐scale forcing.
Evidence for Deformation in the Cambrian‐Ordovician Warburton Basin and Implications for the Evolution of the Tasmanides (Eastern Australia)
Authors: Abdullah Rashed , Nugroho Rio , Rosenbaum Gideon , Doublier Michael P. , Shaanan Uri , Zwingmann Horst 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Paleozoic tectonic history of the Tasmanides in eastern Australia was dominated by subduction‐related processes along the margin of eastern Gondwana. The earliest deformation event, Delamerian Orogeny, took place in the middle‐late Cambrian and is recorded in rocks within the Delamerian and Thomson orogens. The Cambrian‐Ordovician Warburton Basin covers the boundary between the Delamerian and Thomson Orogens, but very little is known about its origin and deformation history. Here we interpret geophysical data, including 2‐D seismic reflection transects, Bouguer gravity, and aeromagnetic data that provide new insights into the deformation in the eastern Warburton Basin and the kinematics of major faults. Our results show that curvilinear NE‐trending faults in the eastern Warburton Basin are basement reverse faults that experienced multiple phases of contractional deformation. Evidence for a syn‐kinematic Cambrian package (Kalladeina Formation) suggests that faulting commenced in response to the Delamerian Orogeny. A subsequent Early Devonian deformation in the eastern Warburton Basin is evident from K‐Ar geochronology of low‐grade (subgreenschist) metasedimentary rocks. We suggest that the NE‐trending Cambrian fold‐thrust belt within the eastern Warburton Basin marks the continuation of the curved Delamerian Orogen into the Thomson Orogen. This oroclinal structure may have developed in the Early Devonian in response to dextral transpression along the northern boundary of the Delamerian Orogen. Our results provide a demonstration for the complex interactions that can take place during the evolution of convergent plate boundaries, involving deformation in the fold‐thrust belt, development of sedimentary basins, and oroclinal bending.
Resolving the controls of water vapour isotopes in the Atlantic sector
Authors: Bonne Jean-Louis , Behrens Melanie , Meyer Hanno , Kipfstuhl Sepp , Rabe Benjamin , Schönicke Lutz , Steen-Larsen Hans Christian , Werner Martin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStable water isotopes are employed as hydrological tracers to quantify the diverse implications of atmospheric moisture for climate. They are widely used as proxies for studying past climate changes, e.g., in isotope records from ice cores and speleothems. Here, we present a new isotopic dataset of both near-surface vapour and ocean surface water from the North Pole to Antarctica, continuously measured from a research vessel throughout the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans during a period of two years. Our observations contribute to a better understanding and modelling of water isotopic composition. The observations reveal that the vapour deuterium excess within the atmospheric boundary layer is not modulated by wind speed, contrary to the commonly used theory, but controlled by relative humidity and sea surface temperature only. In sea ice covered regions, the sublimation of deposited snow on sea ice is a key process controlling the local water vapour isotopic composition.
Fast negative breakdown in thunderstorms
Authors: Tilles Julia N. , Liu Ningyu , Stanley Mark A. , Krehbiel Paul R. , Rison William , Stock Michael G. , Dwyer Joseph R. , Brown Robert , Wilson Jennifer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThunderstorms are natural laboratories for studying electrical discharges in air, where the vast temporal, spatial, and energy scales available can spawn surprising phenomena that reveal deficiencies in our understanding of dielectric breakdown. Recent discoveries, such as sprites, jets, terrestrial gamma ray flashes, and fast positive breakdown, highlight the diversity of complex phenomena that thunderstorms can produce, and point to the possibility for electrical breakdown/discharge mechanisms beyond dielectric breakdown theory based mainly on laboratory experiments. Here we present one such confounding discovery, termed fast negative breakdown, that does not fit with our current understanding of dielectric breakdown. Our adaptation of radio astronomy imaging techniques to study extremely transient lightning-associated events confirms that electrical breakdown in thunderstorms can begin with oppositely-directed fast breakdown of negative polarity, similar and in addition to fast positive breakdown expected from conventional dielectric theory and recent observations. The discovery of fast negative breakdown calls for an addendum to the physical description of electrical discharges in air.
Proteomic analysis reveals novel insights into tanshinones biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots
Authors: Contreras Angela , Leroy Baptiste , Mariage Pierre-Antoine , Wattiez Ruddy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSalvia miltiorrhiza is a medicinal plant highly appreciated by its content of tanshinones and salvianolic acids. Tanshinones are of particular relevance for their anti-oxidant, anti-tumoral and anti-inflammatory properties. Abiotic and biotic agents as silver nitrate and yeast extract have shown efficiently to stimulate tanshinone accumulation, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains essentially unknown. By using hairy roots as experimental material and the elicitors mentioned, were obtained up to 22 mg of tanshinones per gram of dry weight. Differential label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was applied to study the proteins involved in tanshinone biosynthesis. A total of 2650 proteins were identified in roots extracts, of which 893 showed statistically (p < 0.05) significant change in relative abundance compared to control roots, 251 proteins were upregulated and 642 downregulated. Among the upregulated proteins the predominant functional categories were metabolism (47%), stress defense (18%) and redox homeostasis (10%). Within the metabolism category, isoprenoid metabolism enzymes, cytochromes P450 and FAD-binding berberine proteins showed abundance profile linked to tanshinone concentration. The results presented here allowed to propose 5 new cytochromes P450 and 5 berberine enzymes as candidates to be involved into tanshinone biosynthesis, a novel finding that opens new avenues to improve tanshinone production through biotechnological approaches.
Environmental predictors of habitat suitability and occurrence of cetaceans in the western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Chavez-Rosales Samuel , Palka Debra L. , Garrison Lance P. , Josephson Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify the main environmental covariates related to the abundance of 17 cetacean species/groups in the western North Atlantic Ocean based on generalized additive models, to establish a current habitat suitability baseline, and to estimate abundance that incorporates habitat characteristics. Habitat models were developed from dedicated sighting survey data collected by NOAA- Northeast and Southeast Fisheries Science Centers during July 2010 to August 2013. A group of 7 static physiographic characteristics and 9 dynamic environmental covariates were included in the models. For the small cetacean models, the explained deviance ranged from 16% to 69%. For the large whale models, the explained deviance ranged from 32% to 52.5%. Latitude, sea surface temperature, bottom temperature, primary productivity and distance to the coast were the most common covariates included and their individual contribution to the deviance explained ranged from 5.9% to 18.5%. The habitat-density models were used to produce seasonal average abundance estimates and habitat suitability maps that provided a good correspondence with observed sighting locations and historical sightings for each species in the study area. Thus, these models, maps and abundance estimates established a current habitat characterization of cetacean species in these waters and have the potential to be used to support management decisions and conservation measures in a marine spatial planning context.
Periplanetasin-4, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the cockroach, inhibits communications between mitochondria and vacuoles
Authors: Lee Heejeong , Hwang Jae Sam , Lee Dong Gun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Communications between various organelle–organelles play an essential role in cell survival. The cross-talk between mitochondria and vacuoles comes up with the vital roles of the intercompartmental process. In this study, we found a couple of cell death features, membrane damage, and apoptosis using antimicrobial peptide from American Cockroach. Periplanetasin-4 (LRHKVYGYCVLGP-NH2) is a 13-mer peptide derived from Periplaneta americana and exhibits phosphatidylserine exposure and caspase activation without DNA fragmentation. Apoptotic features without DNA damage provide evidence that this peptide did not interact with DNA directly and exhibited dysfunction of mitochondria and vacuoles. Superoxide radicals were generated from mitochondria and converted to hydrogen peroxide. Despite the enhancement of catalase and total glutathione contents, oxidative damage disrupted intracellular contents. Periplanetasin-4 induced cell death associated with the production of superoxide radicals, calcium uptake in mitochondria and disorder of vacuoles, such as increased permeability and alkalization. While calcium movement from vacuoles to the mitochondria occurred, the cross-talk with these organelles proceeded and the inherent functionality was impaired. To sum up, periplanetasin-4 stimulates superoxide signal along with undermining the mitochondrial functions and interfering in communication with vacuoles.
Epstein–Barr virus infection is associated with clinical characteristics and poor prognosis of multiple myeloma
Authors: Xia Bing , Wang Xi , Yang Ruifang , Mengzhen Li , Yang Kunpeng , Ren Li , Li Suxia , Wang Shuye , Zhang Yizhuo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and multiple myeloma (MM) and its impact on clinical characteristics and prognosis. Fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 139 MM patients who had been diagnosed and treated from January 2010 to May 2018 and 50 PBMC samples from healthy donors were obtained. PCR was carried out for detection of EBV-DNA. The results indicated a significantly higher EBV-DNA concentration among 139 MM patients compared with healthy controls (P&lt;0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the expression of EBV-DNA was positively correlated with the serum free light chain ratio (sFLCR) and progressive disease (PD)/relapse (P&lt;0.05). Especially, in EBV-DNA high-expression MM patients, EBV-DNA concentration for patients with sFLCR ≥100 was higher than that of patients with sFLCR &lt;100. EBV-DNA concentration was higher in patients with disease PD/relapse than those without disease PD/relapse. In univariate analysis, the progress free survival (PFS) was inferior in MM patients with high expression of EBV-DNA, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and high-risk according to mSMART and International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG), stage III according to R-ISS staging, extramedullary lesions, and genetic changes (P&lt;0.05). However, in multivariate analysis, LDH, poor karyotype, R-ISS staging, and mSMART were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Taken together, our studies suggest that an association exists between EBV infection and clinical characteristics of MM patients, and EBV infection appears to have a slight impact on the prognosis of MM. However, the results require further validation in other independent prospective MM cohorts.
Chromatin fiber structural motifs as regulatory hubs of genome function?
Authors: Moraru Manuela , Schalch Thomas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Nucleosomes cover eukaryotic genomes like beads on a string and play a central role in regulating genome function. Isolated strings of nucleosomes have the potential to compact and form higher order chromatin structures, such as the well-characterized 30-nm fiber. However, despite tremendous advances in observing chromatin fibers in situ it has not been possible to confirm that regularly ordered fibers represent a prevalent structural level in the folding of chromosomes. Instead, it appears that folding at a larger scale than the nucleosome involves a variety of random structures with fractal characteristics. Nevertheless, recent progress provides evidence for the existence of structural motifs in chromatin fibers, potentially localized to strategic sites in the genome. Here we review the current understanding of chromatin fiber folding and the emerging roles that oligonucleosomal motifs play in the regulation of genome function.
Progression of Aphasia Severity in the Chronic Stages of Stroke
Authors: Johnson Lisa , Basilakos Alexandra , Yourganov Grigori , Cai Bo , Bonilha Leonardo , Rorden Chris , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose
The severity of aphasic impairment in chronic stroke survivors is typically thought to be stable by 6 months postonset. However, a recent study showed that stroke survivors with aphasia experience language improvement or decline in the chronic phase, years beyond onset. Little is known about why some individuals improve whereas others remain stable or decline. Additionally, no study has tracked changes in aphasia from assessments completed at multiple time points across many years. The current study offers a comprehensive analysis of potential predictive demographic and health information to determine which factors predict dynamic changes in aphasia severity in chronic stroke.

Methods

Individuals in the chronic stage of a single-event, left-hemisphere ischemic stroke were identified from an archival database and included for study (
N =
39). Participants were included if they had undergone 2 or more standardized language assessments acquired at time points at least 6 months apart, with the 1st assessment at least 6 months postinjury. A linear mixed-effects model was used to determine the impact of treatment and a variety of demographic and health factors on language change.

Results

Over time, half of the participants improved (51%), whereas approximately a quarter (26%) decreased, and a quarter (23%) remained stable. A greater number of aphasia treatment hours significantly predicted language improvement (
p
= .03), whereas older stroke age was associated with long-term decline (
p
= .04). Two interactions were found to be significant in predicting improvement in individuals with diabetes: Increased exercise and younger age at stroke were significant in predicting outcomes (
p
< .05).

Conclusions
Factors that significantly influence language recovery in chronic aphasia include stroke age and receiving aphasia treatment. For those with diabetes, increased exercise was shown to improve outcomes. Results from this study offer clinicians greater insight into the influence of patient factors on long-term recovery from stroke aphasia while suggesting a potential adjunct to language therapy: exercise.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7849304
Clinical Decision Making in Speech-Language Intervention for Toddlers With Autism and Other Social Communication Delays
Authors: Stronach Sheri T. , Schmedding-Bartley Janine L. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This study investigated current speech-language intervention practices with young children with social communication delays including autism and the educational experiences that shape these practices.

Method
A 25-item web-based survey was completed by 264 speech-language pathologists who worked with children under the age of 3 years.

Results
A majority of respondents reported targeting a variety of areas of social communication across daily activities, regularly utilizing the parent as the primary agent, and often providing in-home services; however, a minority of respondents reported only using materials available in families' homes. Previous clinical experiences and continuing education were reported to most influence clinical decision making. Results indicated the incorporation of many aspects of evidence-based naturalistic interventions into practice and the use of continuing education opportunities to expand clinical knowledge.

Conclusion
Although speech-language pathologists reported promising directions toward recommended best practices, further research and training are needed to optimize services provided to young children and their families.
Therapie des Spasmus hemifacialis mit
Botulinumtoxin
Authors: Jost Wolfgang H. , Laskawi Rainer , Palmowski-Wolfe Anja , Urban Peter P. 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Spasmus hemifacialis (SHF) ist eine häufige Erkrankung, die gekennzeichnet
ist durch unwillkürliche Kontraktionen der vom Nervus facialis innervierten
Muskulatur einer Gesichtshälfte. Die Symptome können tonisch oder klonisch,
intermittierend oder permanent auftreten. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt klinisch.
Zur Ausschlussdiagnostik sollte eine MRT des Schädels eingesetzt werden, die
einen pathologischen Nerv-Gefäß-Kontakt nachweisen und alternative Ursachen
ausschließen kann. Häufig ist die Symptomatik nur gering ausgeprägt, so dass
keine Therapie notwendig ist. Therapie der Wahl ist die Injektion von
Botulinumtoxin zur Reduktion der pathologischen Aktivität. Die
Dekompressionsoperation nach Jannetta gilt als Alternative, wird jedoch von den
meisten Patienten nicht in Anspruch genommen.