bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of temperature on the fatigue behavior of asphalt binder
Authors: Kuchiishi André K. , Carvalho João Paulo B. , Bessa Iuri S. , Vasconcelos Kamilla L. , Bernucci Liedi L.B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Asphalt pavement is under different climatic conditions throughout its service life, which means that fatigue cracking does not occur at a specific temperature, but at a temperature range. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence of different temperatures in the fatigue life of two asphalt binders: a non-modified binder (penetration grade 30/45) and a highly polymermodified binder (HPMB). The fatigue resistance characterization was performed by means of a linear amplitude sweep (LAS) test at the temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). From the dynamic shear modulus (|G*|) results, adhesion loss was observed between the binder and the rheometer parallel plate at the lower temperature of 10°C,while at higher temperatures (25 and 30°C) plastic flow was observed rather than fatigue damage. Therefore, considering that the actual test procedure does not specify the testing temperature, the evaluation of failure mechanism is essential to validate test results, because the random selection of test temperature might lead to inconsistent data.
The Role of Multiple Pollutants and Pollution Intensities in the Policy Reform of Taxes and Standards
Authors: Gautier Luis 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Countries with varying degrees of pollution intensities, facing increasing global competition and addressing emissions from multiple pollutants may undertake policy reforms inconsistent with cooperative outcomes, where global welfare is higher. Among others, this is because of the incentives to set laxer policy to be more cost competitive. A number of welfare-enhancing and emissions-reducing policy reforms consistent with the cooperative equilibrium, but also consistent with addressing concerns about global competitiveness are derived. The analysis indicates that the nature of multiple pollutants and asymmetries in pollution intensities are key in the design of policy reform and characterization of optimal policy. With complementarity and asymmetry in pollution intensities, laxer taxation and stricter standards are consistent with welfare gains. Laxer taxation arises with large asymmetry in pollution intensities regardless of whether pollutants are complements/substitutes. The policy reform of standards requires both complementarity and asymmetry in pollution intensities. Results are reversed if pollutants are substitutes.
Internal Migration and Public Policy
Authors: Giuranno Michele G. , Biswas Rongili 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper studies the relation between internal migration and public spending on public goods. We describe centralized public policy when a central government is comprised of elected representatives from local electoral districts. Internal migration determines the median voter in the districts. The median voters decide the equilibrium policy through bargaining. We find the conditions under which voters’ mobility results in larger or smaller public spending. Furthermore, the distance between the actual size and the efficient size of government spending depends on the way internal migration changes the distribution of income within and between districts.
The welfare effects of infrastructure investment in a heterogeneous agents economy
Authors: Gibson John , Rioja Felix 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Public infrastructure is one of the foundations for the economic growth of a country. While there is a strong consensus regarding infrastructure’s effect on growth, less is known about the effect of infrastructure on welfare and the distribution of wealth. In this paper, we examine the quantitative effect of infrastructure investment on welfare and the degree of inequality present within a developing country. In so doing, we characterize the effects resulting from increased infrastructure investment by tracing out the entire transition path between steady states. Three results standout: (i) both average and individual welfare effects are sizable, regardless of how the additional investment is financed, (ii) when distortionary taxes are adjusted to finance additional investment, poorer agents benefit more when the interest income tax is used, while richer agents benefit more when either the consumption or labor income taxes are used, (iii) inequality, as measured by the wealth Gini, rises in the short-run, but the long-run effect depends on which financing method is chosen.
Biological evaluation of a series of benzothiazole derivatives as mosquitocidal agents
Authors: Sever Belgin , Altıntop Mehlika Dilek , Özdemir Ahmet , Tabanca Nurhayat , Estep Alden S. , Becnel James J. , Bloomquist Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAedes aegypti is associated with the transmission of numerous human and animal diseases, such as yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya, and more recently Zika virus. Emerging insecticide resistance has created a need to develop new mosquitocidal agents for effective control operations. A series of benzothiazole-piperidine derivatives (1-24) were investigated for their larvicidal and adulticidal effects on Ae. aegypti It was observed that compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 13 showed notable larvicidal activity. Furthermore, compounds 6 and 10 showed promising adulticidal activity. Based on the mosquitocidal properties of these compounds, docking studies were also carried out in the active site of the AeSCP2 enzyme to explore any insights into further in vitro enzyme studies. Docking results indicated that all these active compounds showed reasonable interactions with critical residues in the active site of this enzyme. This outcome suggested that these compounds might show their larvicidal and adulticidal effects via the inhibition of AeSCP2. According to in vitro and in silico studies, compounds 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 13 stand out as candidates for further studies.
The Optimization and Production of Ginkgolide B Lipid Microemulsion
Authors: Wu Xiao , Wang Zhenpeng , Zhao Zhenwen , Chen Lei , Tao Fengyun , Zhang Qian , Zhou Tuo , Cui Junpu , Liu Meng , Huo Qing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, we introduce a method to formulate Ginkgolide B lipid microemulsion (GB-LM). We have assessed its general characteristics and pharmacokinetics in animals. Soybean oil (10.0%) and oleic acid (2.4%) were chosen as the oil phase, refined egg yolk lecithin (PC98T) (1.8%) as the surfactant, and glycerol (2.25%) as the co-surfactant. The optimized formulation process resulted in particles with average diameter of 185.9 ± 52.5 nm and the zeta potential of −19.8 ± 1.3 mV. The GB-LM remained steady for three months at room temperature. Giving each dose of 4 mg/kg to rats through the vein, a clearance rate of CL (L/h): 2.594 and C max (ng/mL) was achieved: 353.8 through pharmacokinetic analysis and statistical analysis. The AUC of GB-LM was about 1.57-fold higher than that of the products available in the market. In addition, brain tissue distribution studies show that after 0.5 h administration of GB, the concentration of GB in brain tissue can reach its maximum, and then significantly decrease after 2 hours. Therefore, the improved formulation of GB-LM shows encouraging results compared with present products in several features.
Special IUPAC100
Authors: Tiggelen Brigitte Van 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We embarked on the adventure of researching IUPAC’s history a few years ago, inspired by the looming IUPAC 100 anniversary in 2019 and the desire of the French National Committee to host that year’s Congress and General Assembly in Paris. The proposal to host the fiftieth IUPAC General Assembly and forty-seventh Congress in Paris was received and approved by IUPAC Council during its assembly in 2013. Soon after, Jean-Pierre Vairon, a member of the organizing committee of the IUPAC 2019 Congress, contacted Danielle Fauque, and together we started to think about special symposia devoted to the history of IUPAC. At the Congress in 2015 in Busan, Korea, the idea was met with enthusiasm and interest from Natalia Tarasova, then president of the Union, and the project of this special issue was formed with Fabienne Meyers, Chemistry International editor. We also met with Christopher Brett later that year to speak about this project.
1919-1939: The First Life of the Union
Authors: Fauque Danielle 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In April 1919, delegates of five allied nations gathered in Paris, at the initiative of the Société de Chimie Industrielle (SCI-F) and the French Federation of Chemical Associations (FNAC) to decide on the creation of an interallied confederation for pure and applied chemistry. The delegates were following up on a proposal made by the Interallied Conference of Scientific Academies that had met in London and Paris in 1918. Each country was asked to create a national body in each discipline, and these entities would be united into a Union, at first an interallied then international union when the wounds of war healed. The whole structure was to be headed by an International Research Council (IRC) [1].
The International Research Council and Its Unions: 1919-1931
Authors: Fox Robert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIUPAC was a product of a restructuring of world science that took place immediately after the Great War. In a series of three conferences in London, Paris, and Brussels between October 1918 and July 1919, delegations from twelve allied nations established a new body, the International Research Council (IRC), that was to control international relations in science through subsidiary unions for the various scientific disciplines until a review of the statutes planned for 1931. Four of these unions were established at the Brussels conference, among them IUPAC.
IUPAC in Brussels in 1921: A Historical Photo
Authors: Homburg Ernst , Fauque Danielle , Morris Peter J. T. , Calascibetta Franco , Alvarez Santiago 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
During a search of photographs and documentation on the Belgian photographer Benjamin Couprie, who took the well-known pictures of the Solvay Conferences during the first half of the twentieth century, Santiago Alvarez [1] came across an image in “La Digithèque des Bibliothèques de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles” with the title “Réception de l’Union Internationale de Chimie Pure et Appliquée, photographie de groupe” (Figure 1) [2]. It is a high-resolution copy of a very sharp photograph of a group of 86 people. On the frame of that photo one can read two inscriptions noted in pencil above and below the photograph, respectively: “Union Internationale de la Chimie pure et appliquée,” and “Reception au chateau de La Hulpe le 29 Juin 1921.” Moreover, just under the photograph there are two inscriptions in smaller letters: “Bruxelles 1913,“ on the left, and the signature of “Benj. Couprie” on the right, both in the same handwriting. Two questions arise: (1) Which is the correct date for that photograph? (2) Who are the persons that appear in the photo?
Pioneers of Japanese Participation in IUPAC
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
East Asia occupies a substantial position in IUPAC today. The incumbent president for 2018-2019, Qi-Feng Zhou, is from China/Beijing, and three out of ten elected members of the Bureau are from East Asia: Mei-Hung Chiu from China/Taipei, Kew-Ho Lee from Korea, and Ken Sakai from Japan. This region is thus well-represented in the IUPAC leadership. However, this is not how this now global institution looked in the past. Its first president from East Asia was Saburo Nagakura (b. 1920) from Japan who assumed this office from 1981-1982, more than 60 years after the IUPAC was established in 1919. He was followed by Jung-Il Jing from Korea (2008-2009), Kazuyuki Tatsumi (2012-2013) from Japan, and Zhou. In terms of national adhering organizations (NAOs), Japan was the first East Asian nation admitted to IUPAC in 1921, but we had to wait until the late 1970s for all other national chemical communities in East Asia to be officially admitted to the IUPAC: The Chemical Society Located in Taipei in 1959, the Korean Chemical Society in 1963, and the Chinese Chemical Society in 1979. East Asia’s position in the IUPAC is the outcome of a rather long historical process.
London 1947: A Caricature
Authors: Tiggelen Brigitte Van , Fauque Danielle , Meyers Fabienne 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The caricature published in Chemistry and Industry, 2 August 1947, is Fred May’s impressions of the luncheon offered to the XIth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the May Fair Hotel, London, 18 July 1947 by the Society of Chemical Industry to distinguished chemists on the occasion of its centennial [1]. Fred May (1891-1976) was a caricaturist and painter, who sent his first cartoons from the front in 1917. May insists on the strenuous time the toastmaster had during the dinner that welcomed many prominent British and international figures in the chemical sciences and industry. Dr Leslie H. Lampitt, president of the SCI, chairman of the Congress and treasurer of IUPAC (1947-1957) “expressed that welcome in a very homely way” [1]. William Hulme Lever, 2nd Viscount Leverhulme (1888-1949), cofounder of Unilever, a past president of the SCI, acted as president of the Congress [2].
Ellen Gleditsch: Woman Chemist in IUPAC’s Early History
Authors: Lykknes Annette 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In 1907, a 28-year-old Norwegian pharmacist-chemist arrived in Paris to work with Marie Curie at the Radium Institute. Like many women at the time, Ellen Gleditsch was attracted to the newly discovered phenomenon of radioactivity and wished take part in exciting scientific endeavour. Working with the Nobel Laureate Marie Curie was a unique opportunity for the ambitious young chemist, whose skills in mineral analyses led to her being accepted into the otherwise fully staffed laboratory. By all accounts, Ellen Gleditsch appears to have been one of the first women associated with IUPAC. In 1921 she was the Norwegian representative of the committee working on the Tables Annuelles de Constantes et Données Numériques de Chimie, de Physique et de Technologie [1], published under the auspices of IUPAC with the agreement of the International Research Council. In the following year she was a member of the Commission on Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry during its meeting in Lyon [2]. In 1947 Gleditsch became a full member of the Joint Commission of Standards and Units of Radioactivity, joining her friends Frédéric and Irène Joliot-Curie in this capacity, and all three continued to be members until the Commission’s dissolution in 1955 [3]. IUPAC was the mother union of this Joint Commission, and directly linked with International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU).
The First Russian President of IUPAC: Victor Kondratiev
Authors: Zaitseva-Baum Elena 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Victor Nikolaevitch Kondratiev was elected a member of the Bureau, the Executive Committee and the Editorial Board of IUPAC at the beginning of the XXIst International Conference in Montreal, in August of 1961. He succeeded Boris A. Kazanski (1891-1973) who had resigned. At this time the Academy of Science of USSR was the national adhering body in IUPAC since 1930.
A History of CNIC
Authors: Leigh G. Jeffery 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is much older than IUPAC itself, and so is the history of the Commission for the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (CNIC). The nomenclature developed as new chemistry originated and grew at the beginning of the 19th century, when the chemical community came to recognise the need for international agreement on the formalisms to be used, to enable practitioners from different countries to understand communications between them. In that period such communications were only written or printed. Since CNIC produced the first of its IUPAC Red Books on the nomenclature of inorganic chemistry in 1957, the Red Books themselves have been continuously rewritten and expanded as the science of chemistry has grown, and they represent a collaborative production, both in the number of people involved and the time-frame they occupy, which is possibly unique in modern science.
IUPAC and the Naming of Elements
Authors: Robinson Ann E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
It was once not uncommon for elements to have more than one name. Tungsten and wolfram. Columbium and niobium. Beryllium and glucinum. The multiple names were generally due to language differences, personal preference, and nationality. These different names were ultimately harmonized into a single set of names after World War II with the development of a standardized nomenclature for inorganic chemistry (IUPAC’s famous Red Book). At the same time, new elements ceased be to found in naturally-occurring substances. Rather, new elements began to be created in accelerators. The advent of synthesized elements raised new questions regarding the discovery of new elements. It also created a new set of challenges for their naming, one of the tasks of the old Commission on Nomenclature for Inorganic Chemistry (CNIC) of IUPAC. As we will see, to face these challenges the CNIC relied successively on the adjudication of the US National Research Council (US NRC) for the naming of promethium in 1948, and then on an ongoing partnership with the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP).
A Century of Nomenclature for Chemists and Machines
Authors: Hepler-Smith Evan , McEwen Leah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The chemist’s tongue is sticking out and his eyes are upturned in concentration. Spirals circle above his head; the chemist is confused. His body twisted into a knot, he slowly backpedals, one finger pointing straight up, the other pointing backwards. To his side, a chart displays a maze, or perhaps a diagram of a complex logic circuit, illustrating an arcane web of decisions and procedures. A dot sits at rest within the diagram, marking the stymied chemist’s progress through this maze. It is annotated with a comment: “You are here. Why?”
The Historical Archives of IUPAC at the Science History Institute
Authors: Brashear Ronald 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
As IUPAC begins celebrating its centennial this year, it seems appropriate to remind everyone that the historical record of IUPAC is preserved in the archives of the Science History Institute’s Othmer Library. For the rich history of IUPAC to be told correctly and effectively, the archive is absolutely critical. And the existing archive speaks to the importance of the Institute’s desire to continue to build the collection, filling in gaps that currently exist and adding future materials so that we can craft an even better history when IUPAC celebrates in bicentennial in 2119.
Not an Epilogue, but a Commencement!
Authors: Tiggelen Brigitte Van 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
To many non-native, or non-American, English speakers, the word “commencement” sounds like a strange choice to designate the end of a university curriculum. But then, all speeches and celebration talks given on commencement day focus on the future, and what students must take away from the years leading to graduation in a world full of opportunities, challenges, and unknowns. The same applies to our work on the history of IUPAC. It was started in the wake of the IUPAC 100th anniversary, and it will be mentioned among other presentations during the IUPAC centenary celebrations, but for both IUPAC and the writing of its history, 2019 does not mark an end but a beginning, a step on a path full of challenges and opportunities.
Shell nouns as grammatical metaphor revealing disparate construals: Investigating the differences between British English and China English based on a comparable corpus
Authors: Dong Min , Fang Alex Chengyu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article describes a study of shell nouns (SNs) complemented by appositive that-clauses observed in a two-million-word corpus of media English by British and Chinese writers. The grammatical metaphor theory was applied to the data in the light of a novel proposal that the metaphorical forms of SN+that constructions, in their contextual semantic settings, serve to re-construe various transitivity processes. The study produced significant findings, including: (1) the two writer groups demonstrate significantly different preferences for SN types but the British and the Chinese uses are instantiated from a common core set; (2) the Chinese group prefers the re-construal of Identifying Relational processes of facts and evidence as markers of neutral and impersonal discourse; (3) British writers favour the re-construal of Verbal processes of assertion and stance and tend to re-construe Attributive Relational processes with varying degrees of commitment to the encapsulated propositional truth; (4) both groups are inclined towards the re-construal of Mental processes of cognition with a common preference for the re-construal of the experience of knowing, believing and thinking. The findings above lend important empirical support to systemic functional theories and suggest further research in the future regarding SNs as indicators of disparate construals in discourse.
Lagrangian geometry of the Gauss images of isoparametric hypersurfaces in spheres
Authors: Miyaoka Reiko , Ohnita Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Gauss images of isoparametric hypersufaces of the standard sphere Sn+1 provide a rich class of compact minimal Lagrangian submanifolds embedded in the complex hyperquadric Qn(ℂ). This is a survey article based on our joint work [17] to study the Hamiltonian non-displaceability and related properties of such Lagrangian submanifolds.
Computational modeling of pitting corrosion
Authors: Jafarzadeh Siavash , Chen Ziguang , Bobaru Florin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Pitting corrosion damage is a major problem affecting material strength and may result in difficult to predict catastrophic failure of metallic material systems and structures. Computational models have been developed to study and predict the evolution of pitting corrosion with the goal of, in conjunction with experiments, providing insight into pitting processes and their consequences in terms of material reliability. This paper presents a critical review of the computational models for pitting corrosion. Based on the anodic reaction (dissolution) kinetics at the corrosion front, transport kinetics of ions in the electrolyte inside the pits, and time evolution of the damage (pit growth), these models can be classified into two categories: (1) non-autonomous models that solve a classical transport equation and, separately, solve for the evolution of the pit boundary; and (2) autonomous models like cellular automata, peridynamics, and phase-field models which address the transport, dissolution, and autonomous pit growth in a unified framework. We compare these models with one another and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. We especially focus on peridynamic and phase-filed models of pitting corrosion. We conclude the paper with a discussion of open areas for future developments.
Sharp one-sided curvature estimates for fully nonlinear curvature flows and applications to ancient solutions
Authors: Langford Mat , Lynch Stephen 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We prove several sharp one-sided pinching estimates for immersed and embedded hypersurfaces evolving by various fully nonlinear, one-homogeneous curvature flows by the method of Stampacchia iteration. These include sharp estimates for the largest principal curvature and the inscribed curvature (“cylindrical estimates”) for flows by concave speeds and a sharp estimate for the exscribed curvature for flows by convex speeds.
Making use of a recent idea of Huisken and Sinestrari, we then obtain corresponding estimates for ancient solutions. In particular, this leads to various characterisations of the shrinking sphere amongst ancient solutions of these flows.