bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COST-UTILITY ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS TREATMENT IN THAILAND
Authors: Chanatittarat Chalakorn , Chaikledkaew Usa , Prayoonwiwat Naraporn , Siritho Sasitorn , Pasogpakdee Pakamas , Apiwattanakul Metha , Riewpaiboon Arthorn , Thavorncharoensap Montarat 
Published: December 2018

Objectives:Although interferon beta-1a (IFNß−1a), 1b (IFNß−1b), and fingolimod have been approved as multiple sclerosis (MS) treatments, they have not yet been included on the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) formulary in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-utility of MS treatments compared with best supportive care (BSC) based on a societal perspective in Thailand.Methods:A Markov model with cost and health outcomes over a lifetime horizon with a 1-month cycle length was conducted for relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Cost and outcome data were obtained from published studies, collected from major MS clinics in Thailand and a discount rate of 3 percent was applied. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated and univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.Results:When compared with BSC, the ICERs for patients with RRMS aged 35 years receiving fingolimod, IFNβ−1b, and IFNβ−1a were 33,000, 12,000, and 42,000 US dollars (USD) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, respectively. At the Thai societal willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of USD 4,500 per QALY gained, BSC had the highest probability of being cost-effective (49 percent), whereas IFNβ−1b and fingolimod treatments showed lower chance being cost-effective at 25 percent and 18 percent, respectively.Conclusions:Compared with fingolimod and interferon treatments, BSC remains to be the most cost-effective treatment for RRMS in Thailand based on a WTP threshold of USD 4,500 per QALY gained. The results do not support the inclusion of fingolimod or interferon in the NLEM for the treatment of RRMS unless their prices are decreased or special schema arranged.
Bilingual phonological acquisition: the influence of language-internal, language-external, and lexical factors
Authors: KEHOE Margaret , HAVY Mélanie 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study examines the influence of language-internal (frequency and complexity of linguistic properties), language-external (percent French input, socioeconomic status (SES), and gender), and lexical factors (size of total and French vocabulary) on the phonological production abilities of monolingual and bilingual French-speaking children, aged 2;6. Children participated in an object and picture naming task in which they produced words selected to test different phonological properties. The bilinguals’ first languages were coded in terms of the frequency and complexity of these phonological properties. Results indicated that bilinguals who spoke languages characterized by high frequency/complexity of codas and clusters had superior results in their coda and cluster accuracy in comparison to monolinguals. Bilinguals also had better coda and cluster accuracy scores than monolinguals. These findings provide evidence for cross-linguistic interaction in combination with a ‘general bilingual effect’. In addition, percent French exposure, SES, total vocabulary, and gender influenced phonological production.
Accelerated Conversion of Native Prairie to Cropland in Minnesota
Authors: Lark Tyler J , Larson Ben , Schelly Ian , Batish Sapna , Gibbs Holly K 
Published: December 2018

SummaryUnplowed native grasslands are among the most endangered ecosystems in the world, due in large part to their agricultural suitability and widespread conversion to cropland. Despite this, remaining locations of these species- and carbon-rich landscapes are neither well monitored nor effectively protected. A recent spike in US prices for corn (Zea mays) and soybeans (Glycine max) intensified incentives to bring new land into production, potentially hastening the conversion of grasslands to crops. We combined satellite-based land cover data with aerial photographs and a field-based inventory of remaining native grassland (hereafter prairie) in Minnesota to assess the areas, rates, and locations of prairie conversion since 2008. Our results reveal that during 2008–2012, prairie was converted at average annual rates more than four times greater than the previous decade and a half. Corn and soybeans were the initial crops planted on 73% of converted prairie, and more than 80% of conversion occurred in recently established conservation priority zones, thereby magnifying the urgency to protect these sites. Broader land-use trends in Minnesota suggest that expansion of both croplands and developed lands continues to threaten all grasslands, including the subset that is prairie, and that the growth of developed or built-up land may be amplifying the conversion pressure exerted by agriculture, though further research is needed. Despite the small total area of prairie lost, the multi-fold increase in conversion rates and the confirmation of native habitat clearing may have substantial conservation implications, especially given the very limited prairie that remains in the region. The overall results reveal challenges for federal policies, including a loophole in the crop insurance Sodsaver provision surrounding alfalfa hay and limitations in the current enforcement of the Renewable Fuel Standard.
WIRTBARKEIT: COSMOPOLITAN RIGHT AND INNKEEPING
Authors: Ganesh Aravind 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAfter defining Cosmopolitan Right as being limited to the conditions of “hospitality,” Kant includes “Wirtbarkeit” in brackets, a word that connotes innkeeping. Moreover, significant similarities obtain between the relevant passages of the Perpetual Peace and those of the Digest of Justinian on the obligations of ships’ masters, innkeepers, and stable keepers. Unlike for ordinary householders, hospitality for innkeepers is a legal obligation, not a matter of philanthropy: they have traditionally been deemed public officials with limited discretion to refuse travelers, and as fiduciaries of their guests strictly liable for losses to their property. This article attempts to explain Kant's concept of Cosmopolitan Right by analogy to the private law of innkeeping, and ultimately engages in the central philosophical debate about Cosmopolitan Right by accounting for Cosmopolitan Right solely from the “innate” right to freedom, rather than from “acquired” facts such as land or resource distributions or historical injustices.
Working Memory and Attention Influence Antisaccade Error Rate in Schizophrenia
Authors: Thomas Elizabeth H.X. , Rossell Susan L. , Myles Jessica B. , Tan Eric J. , Neill Erica , Carruthers Sean P. , Sumner Philip J. , Bozaoglu Kiymet , Gurvich Caroline 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectives: Antisaccade error rate has been proposed to be one of the most promising endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Increased error rate in patients has been associated with working memory, attention and other executive function impairments. The relationship between antisaccade error rate and other neuropsychological processes in patients compared to healthy controls has not been explored in depth. This study aimed to replicate the finding of heightened antisaccade error rate in patients and determine which cognitive processes were most strongly associated with antisaccade error rate in both patients and controls. In addition, the study investigated whether different antisaccade task paradigms engage different cognitive processes. Methods: One hundred and ninety-one participants (54 patients with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder and 137 controls) completed the antisaccade task, which included both gap and step task parameters. Neuropsychological measures were obtained using the MCCB and the Stroop task. Results: The current study replicated a pronounced antisaccade error rate deficit in patients. In patients, working memory variance was most significantly associated with antisaccade errors made during the step condition, while attentional processes were most associated with errors made during the gap condition. In controls, overall global cognitive performance was most associated with antisaccade rates for both gap and step conditions. Conclusions: The current study demonstrates that in schizophrenia patients, but not controls, elevated antisaccade error rate is associated with attention and working memory, but not with global cognitive impairment or psychopathological processes. Our novel findings demonstrate that the gap and step conditions of the antisaccade task engage different cognitive processes. (JINS, 2019, 25, 174–183)
Testing legislative shirking in a new setting: the case of lame duck sessions in the Korean National Assembly
Authors: Koo Bon Sang , Kim Junseok , Choi Jun Young 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to test two types of legislative shirking in a new democracy, South Korea. Using the lame-duck sessions of the Korean National Assembly, we test whether a legislator shirks in voting participation and in voting decisions. We weave two competing motivations of legislative shirking in voting participation – that to secure more leisure time and that to utilize the last, valuable voting opportunity – into a synthetic hypothesis and test it with two-part hurdle models. To test a shirking in voting participation hypothesis, we analyze legislators’ choices on bills that are supposedly related to the interests of constituents or political parties. Empirical results strongly support our shirking in voting participation claims, while only partial evidence is found on shirking in voting decisions. The findings suggest that, besides the trade-off between labor and leisure, some legislators deem the lame-duck sessions an opportunity to express their own preferences unconstrained.
Proline-106 EPSPS Mutation Imparting Glyphosate Resistance in Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Emerges in South America
Authors: Takano Hudson K. , Mendes Rafael R. , Scoz Leonardo B. , Lopez Ovejero Ramiro F. , Constantin Jamil , Gaines Todd A. , Westra Philip , Dayan Franck E. , Oliveira Rubem S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGlyphosate-resistant (GR) goosegrass [Eleusine indica(L.) Gaertn.] was recently identified in Brazil, but its resistance mechanism was unknown. This study elucidated the resistance mechanism in this species and developed a molecular marker for rapid detection of this target-site resistance trait. The resistance factor for the resistant biotype was 4.4-fold compared with the glyphosate-susceptible (GS) in greenhouse dose–response experiments. This was accompanied by a similar (4-fold) difference in the levels of in vitro andin plantashikimate accumulation in these biotypes. However, there was no difference in uptake, translocation, or metabolism of glyphosate between the GS and GR biotypes. Moreover, both biotypes showed similar values for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) copy number and transcription. Sequencing of a 330-bp fragment of theEPSPSgene identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism that led to a Pro-106-Ser amino acid substitution in the enzyme from the GR biotype. This mutation imparted a 3.8-fold increase in the amount of glyphosate required to inhibit 50% of EPSPS activity, confirming the role of this amino acid substitution in resistance to glyphosate. A quantitative PCR–based genotyping assay was developed for the rapid detection of resistant plants containing this Pro-106-Ser mutation.
Glyphosate- and Dicamba-Resistant Genes Are Not Linked in Kochia (Bassia scoparia)
Authors: Ou Junjun , Fritz Allan K. , Stahlman Phillip W. , Currie Randall S. , Jugulam Mithila 
Published: December 2018

AbstractKochia [Bassia scoparia(L.) A. J. Scott] is one of the most troublesome weeds throughout the North American Great Plains. Herbicides such as glyphosate and dicamba have been used widely to controlB. scopariafor decades. However, manyB. scopariapopulations have evolved resistance to these herbicides due to selection. Especially, dicamba-resistantB. scopariapopulations are often also found to be glyphosate-resistant. The objective of this research was to determine whether these two herbicide resistances are linked inB. scoparia.Reciprocal crosses were performed between glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant (GDR) and glyphosate- and dicamba-susceptible (GDS)B. scopariato produce F1and F2progeny. Two F1and seven F2progeny families were screened with various doses of dicamba or glyphosate. All the F1progeny survived both dicamba and glyphosate treatments. Chi-square analyses of F2progeny suggest (1) glyphosate and dicamba resistances inB. scopariaare inherited via single, dominant nuclear genes; and (2) glyphosate- and dicamba-resistant genes are not linked. Thus, the dicamba and glyphosate resistances appear to have evolved independently due to intense selection but do not seem to spread together.
Are There Long-Term Effects of the Vietnam Draft on Political Attitudes or Behavior? Apparently Not
Authors: Green Donald P. , Davenport Tiffany C. , Hanson Kolby 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Vietnam draft lottery exposed millions of men to risk of induction at a time when the Vietnam War was becoming increasingly unpopular. We study the long-term effects of draft risk on political attitudes and behaviors of men who were eligible for the draft in 1969–1971. Our 2014–2016 surveys of men who were eligible for the Vietnam draft lotteries reveal no appreciable effect of draft risk across a wide range of political attitudes. These findings are bolstered by analysis of a vast voter registration database, which shows no differences in voting rates or tendency to register with the Democratic or Republican parties. The pattern of weak long-term effects is in line with studies showing that the long-term economic effects of Vietnam draft risk dissipated over time and offers a counterweight to influential observational studies that report long-term persistence in the effects of early experiences on political attitudes.
Seismic Evidence of an Early Afterslip During the 2012 Sequence in Emilia (Italy)
Authors: Sugan M. , Vuan A. , Kato A. , Massa M. , Amati G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe apply a matched‐filter‐technique to augment the detected events in the time window between the two mainshocks of the 2012 Emilia seismic sequence (Italy), 20 (Mw 6.1) and 29 (Mw 6.0) May. Using well‐located templates, we increase the number of detections from 1,727 to 7,616. This greater detail allows evidencing migrations of seismic events from the nucleation point of the first shock to the second. Repeating earthquakes are also found between the two mainshocks. The seismicity pattern suggests a transient slip acting immediately after the shallow first event, weakening and loading the volume around the deep nucleation point of the 29 May Mw 6.0 earthquake. We interpret migrations and repeaters as the fingerprint of an early afterslip triggered by the first mainshock. By taking into account the earliest repeater we estimate a cumulative slip of approximately 27 cm (Mw 5.7). This value could represent the lower bound of the total released afterslip.
Global Meridional Overturning Circulation Inferred From a Data‐Constrained Ocean & Sea‐Ice Model
Authors: Lee Sang‐Ki , Lumpkin Rick , Baringer Molly O. , Meinen Christopher S. , Goes Marlos , Dong Shenfu , Lopez Hosmay , Yeager Stephen G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOur current understanding of the global meridional overturning circulation (GMOC) is revisited using a surface‐forced ocean model simulation constrained by global hydrographic data. The derived GMOC is qualitatively consistent with previous observation‐based studies and further provides enhanced spatial details in the sources, transformations, and transports of major global water masses including in poorly observed regions. Several important but relatively underexplored aspects of the GMOC are highlighted, including complex but vigorous heavy‐to‐light water mass transformation that occurs in the Indo‐Pacific and Southern Oceans, and the role of the equatorial Pacific upwelling in closing the GMOC circuit. These and other key aspects of the GMOC are poorly captured in a surface‐forced ocean model simulation without the temperature and salinity corrections, suggesting that current climate models do not realistically simulate the GMOC and the associated global heat, salt, and carbon balances.
Mountain Building Orogeny in Precollision Hot Backarcs: North American Cordillera, India‐Tibet, and Grenville Province
Authors: Hyndman R. D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this article I discuss the new perspectives on continental collisional orogeny from recent evidence that most continental subduction zones have 200‐ to 1,000‐km‐wide uniformly hot backarcs. Such hot backarcs are involved in most current and past continental collisions. I give the examples of the current India‐Asia and ancient Grenville orogens. (1) In continental collision, at least one side of the closing ocean has a backarc sufficiently hot and weak to be deformed by normal plate driving forces, in contrast to cool stable lithosphere that is too strong. Most deformation is concentrated on the subduction zone side of collision zones. (2) Precollision backarcs are hot enough to generate a ductile detachment in the lower crust, facilitating subsequent thrusting of the incoming stable continent under the upper‐middle crust of the backarc. (3) In hot backarcs there is a precollision low‐viscosity channel in the lower crust that facilitates lateral flow from beneath collision‐generated thickened crust. In continental collision orogenic belts, the high temperatures indicated by ductile deformation, metamorphism, and igneous activity are usually ascribed to heating by the orogenic process. I argue that the primary heat source is the uniformly hot backarc that predates collision. Most continental backarcs have temperatures of 800–850 °C at a 35‐km Moho, compared to ~450 °C for normal stable crust, and lithosphere thicknesses of 60–70 km compared to about 200 km. High temperatures that weaken the lithosphere may not be a consequence of orogeny but rather a precollisional requirement for most orogenic deformation and crustal thickening.
Subcellular spatial resolution achieved for deep-brain imaging in vivo using a minimally invasive multimode fiber
Authors: Vasquez-Lopez Sebastian A. , Turcotte Raphaël , Koren Vadim , Plöschner Martin , Padamsey Zahid , Booth Martin J. , Čižmár Tomáš , Emptage Nigel J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAchieving intravital optical imaging with diffraction-limited spatial resolution of deep-brain structures represents an important step toward the goal of understanding the mammalian central nervous system1–4. Advances in wavefront-shaping methods and computational power have recently allowed for a novel approach to high-resolution imaging, utilizing deterministic light propagation through optically complex media and, of particular importance for this work, multimode optical fibers (MMFs)5–7. We report a compact and highly optimized approach for minimally invasive in vivo brain imaging applications. The volume of tissue lesion was reduced by more than 100-fold, while preserving diffraction-limited imaging performance utilizing wavefront control of light propagation through a single 50-μm-core MMF. Here, we demonstrated high-resolution fluorescence imaging of subcellular neuronal structures, dendrites and synaptic specializations, in deep-brain regions of living mice, as well as monitored stimulus-driven functional Ca2+ responses. These results represent a major breakthrough in the compromise between high-resolution imaging and tissue damage, heralding new possibilities for deep-brain imaging in vivo.
DR-region of Na+/K+ ATPase is a target to treat excitotoxicity and stroke
Authors: Shi Meimei , Cao Lei , Cao Xu , Zhu Mengyuan , Zhang Xingzhou , Wu Zhiyuan , Xiong Siping , Xie Zhizhong , Yang Yong , Chen Jingyu , Wong Peter T. H. , Bian Jin-Song 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNa+/K+ ATPase (NKA) is important in maintaining cellular functions. We found that loss of NKA activities in NKAα1+/− mice is associated with increased susceptibility to ischemic injuries following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). This is corroborated by the neuroprotective effects of an antibody raised against an extracellular DR region (897DVEDSYGQQWTYEQR911, sequence number as in rat) of NKAα subunit (DR-Ab) in both preventive and therapeutic settings. DR-Ab protects cortical neurons against glutamate-induced toxicity by stimulating activities of NKA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX), which resulted in accelerated Ca2+ extrusion. DR-Ab also enhanced the association between NKA and GluR2 and therefore reduced the internalization of both proteins from membrane induced by glutamate toxicity. The mechanism appears to involve suppression of GluR2 phosphorylation through PKCα/PICK pathway. Our data indicate that DR-region of NKA may be a novel therapeutic target for drug development for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
Epigenetic silencing of ZNF132 mediated by methylation-sensitive Sp1 binding promotes cancer progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Dong , He Zhenglei , Wang Chenji , Zhou Yinghui , Li Fang , Pu Weilin , Zhang Xueqing , Feng Xulong , Zhang Meng , Yecheng Xinyue , Xu Yunyun , Jin Li , Guo Shicheng , Wang Jiucun , Wang Minghua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEpigenetic alteration of tumor suppression gene is one of the most significant indicators in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we identified a novel ESCC hypermethylation biomarker ZNF132 by integrative computational analysis to comprehensive genome-wide DNA methylation microarray dataset. We validated the hypermethylation status of ZNF132 in 91 Chinese Han ESCC patients and adjacent normal tissues with methylation target bisulfite sequencing (MTBS) assay. Meanwhile, ZNF132 gene silencing mediated by hypermethylation was confirmed in both solid tissues and cancer cell lines. What is more, we found that in vitro overexpression of ZNF132 in ESCC cells could significantly reduce the abilities of the cell in growth, migration and invasion, and tumorigenicity of cells in a nude mouse model. We validated the Sp1-binding site in the ZNF132 promoter region with chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and demonstrated that the hypermethylation status could reduce the Sp1 transcript factor activity. Our results suggest that ZNF132 plays an important role in the development of ESCC as a tumor suppressor gene and support the underlying mechanism caused by the DNA hypermethylation-mediated Sp1-binding decay and gene silencing.