bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shell Constraints on Evolutionary Body Size–Limb Size Allometry Can Explain Morphological Conservatism in the Turtle Body Plan
Authors: Hermanson Guilherme , Evers Serjoscha W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTurtles are a small clade of vertebrates despite having existed since the Late Triassic. Turtles have a conservative body plan relative to other amniotes, characterized by the presence of a shell and quadrupedality. This morphology is even retained in strong ecological specialists, such as sea turtles, which are secondarily adapted to marine locomotion by strong allometric scaling in their hands. It is possible that the body plan of turtles is strongly influenced by the presence of the shell, acting as a constraint to achieving greater diversity of body forms. Here, we explore the evolutionary allometric relationships of fore‐ and hindlimb stylopodia (i.e., humerus and femur) with one another as well as their relationship with shell size (carapace length) to assess evidence of constraint. All turtles, including Triassic shelled stem turtles, have near‐isometric relationships that do not vary strongly between clades, and evolve at slow evolutionary rates. This indeed indicates that body proportions of turtles are constrained to a narrow range of possibilities. Minor allometric deviations are seen in highly aquatic sea turtles and softshell turtles, which modified their shells by bone losses. Our allometric regressions allow accurate body size estimations for fossils. Several independent sea turtle lineages converged on maximum sizes of 2.2 m of shell length, which may be a biological maximum for the group.
Full life cycle assessment of insect biomass allows estimation of bioflows across water, air, and land
Authors: Smith Chelsea R. , Stepanian Phillip M. , Golladay Stephen W. , Tank Jennifer L. , Chaloner Dominic T. , Entrekin Sally A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAs global environmental change continues, animals face uncertain habitat availability and quality that influences life cycle phenology and population dynamics. For decades, the population abundance and emergence patterns of burrowing mayflies have been used as a sentinel for water quality changes in large freshwater systems around the world. Despite reduced point source pollutants, evidence is mounting that the interactions among habitat loss, contaminants, and changing climate could be causing declines in mayfly production and shifts in emergence timing. We combined radar observations with traditional field measures to identify changes in mayfly populations from nymph to adult. We studied Hexagenia sp. secondary production in a large reservoir, Lake Seminole, which has contrasting water sources and land use on each arm that could contribute to differences in emergence patterns. We predicted that mayfly secondary production would be higher, and emergence would be earlier in the Chattahoochee arm versus the Flint arm because of differences in available nutrients and temperature. Benthic declines in abundance and biomass followed radar observations of emergence. Mean annual water temperature was similar, with the Flint arm having less seasonal variation. Mayfly growth was similar across the lake, but production was higher in the upper Flint arm, perhaps because of temperature stability, higher nutrient concentrations, and more lotic conditions. The natural abundance of nitrogen‐stable isotopes in mayflies showed distinct patterns between the arms and from nymph to adult. Linking benthic sampling with radar observations verified our capability to track mayfly biomass across the landscape and begin to calibrate previous measures of production with radar‐derived abundance. Coupling radar observations with stable isotope and tissue nutrient measurements allowed us to further quantify the subsidies moving from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems, setting the framework to examine both historic and future population changes and mayfly contributions to cross‐ecosystem subsidies.
Interaction of Perfluorinated Group 13 Lewis Acids with Diatomic Halogens and Interhalogens: Computational and Experimental Study
Authors: Pomogaeva Anna V. , Lisovenko Anna S. , Kazakov Igor V. , Zavgorodnii Artem S. , Glukhovich Ekaterina V. , Eliseev Alexey D. , Afanasev Alexey Y. , Sharapova Dinara A. , Kulikova Yana I. , Timoshkin Alexey Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInteraction of perfluorinated group 13 element Lewis acids E(C6F5)3 (E=B, Al, Ga, In) and Al{OC(CF3)3}3 with diatomic halogens and interhalogens was studied computationally. Boron‐containing derivative is predicted to form weak complexes with halogens and to be thermodynamically stable with respect to iodination, while its heavier derivatives form stronger complexes that are unstable with respect to E−C bond oxidation. The reactivity of E(C6F5)3 with iodine and iodine monochloride and Al{OCR3}3 (R=CF3, C6F5) with iodine was explored experimentally. Experimental data confirm that B(C6F5)3 does not react with ICl at room temperature and with molecular iodine in temperature range 233–350 K. Heavier group 13 element derivatives E(C6F5)3 upon reaction with I2 and ICl undergo oxidation processes with C6F5I evolution. Both Al{OC(CF3)3}3*C6H5F and Al{OC(C6F5)3}3 do not form stable complexes with molecular iodine.
Facile Synthesis of Versatile and Air‐stable Cuprous Synthons of Type [Cu(NHC)(OC(H)(CF3)2)] (NHC=N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)
Authors: Ostrowska Sylwia , Carì Gianluca , Czapik Agnieszka , Kwit Marcin , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA new family of Cu‐NHC complexes having general formula [Cu(NHC)(OC(H)(CF3)2)] (NHC=N‐Heterocyclic Carbene; OC(H)(CF3)2=1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP)) is reported. The operational simple protocol of the weak base route allows the formation of a series of new fluorinated cuprous synthons, opening the doors to new possible synthetic and catalytic pathways, as demonstrated by the hexafluoroisopropoxylation of 9‐chloroacridine using [Cu(IPr)(OC(H)(CF3)2)] (2).
The effectiveness of cryostimulation exposure on sleep and recovery in male athletes: Timing considerations
Authors: Arc‐Chagnaud Coralie , Dugué Benoit , Bouzigon Romain , Pla Robin , Bosquet Laurent ,   D‐day Consortium, Dupuy Olivier 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe objectives of the study were (i) to evaluate the effects of whole‐body cryostimulation (WBC) after training as an effective tool to improve sleep and recovery and (ii) to determine which exposure schedule for WBC (immediately after training vs. 1h before bedtime) is the most appropriate to improve sleep and recovery. Twenty‐two well‐trained male athletes or triathletes (23.1 ± 3.5‐years) were recruited in this controlled crossover protocol. Each participant completed the three experimental sessions, each composed of a running training session and one night of sleep analysis. Depending on the experimental condition, subjects were exposed—or not (CONT)—to WBC immediately after training (CRYO 7 p.m.) or 1h before going to bed (CRYO 10 p.m.). All participants were randomly assigned to each condition, spaced seven days apart. Sleep was monitored via actimetry, cerebral activity recordings, heart rate variability, body core temperature, and perceptual measurements. WBC after training did not modify subjective or objective sleep parameters compared to the control condition. However, WBC significantly improved cardiac parasympathetic activity. More specifically, it was more activated during the night following the CRYO 10 p.m. condition than in the other experimental conditions. Core body temperature (CBT) 1h after bedtime was the lowest in the CRYO 10 p.m. condition. This study confirmed the effectiveness of WBC as a recovery technique after intense evening training. We suggest that WBC may exhibit the most significant benefit on recovery if the session is performed 1h before bedtime, acting on subsequent parasympathetic activation and CBT drop.
Clinical efficacy of low‐dose Perampanel correlates with neurophysiological changes in familial adult myoclonus epilepsy 2
Authors: Coppola Antonietta , Cuccurullo Claudia , Senerchia Gianmaria , Rubino Marica , Veneziano Liana , Brancati Francesco , Baratto Luigi , Iuzzolino Valentina Virginia , Bilo Leonilda , Striano Pasquale , Dubbioso Raffaele 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFamilial adult myoclonus epilepsy (FAME) management relies on antiseizure medications (ASMs), which inadequately address myoclonus and cortical tremor. This study evaluates Perampanel (PER), an AMPA‐receptor antagonist, for treating FAME symptoms. Fifteen FAME2 patients participated in an observational prospective study. They received up to 6 mg daily of PER and underwent Unified‐Myoclonus‐Rating‐Scale (UMRS) before and after treatment. Neurophysiological evaluations, including somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), assessed PER's impact on cortical glutamatergic excitatory and GABAergic inhibitory circuits. PER treatment significantly reduced UMRS total scores (p = 0.001) and action‐myoclonus subscores (p = 0.002), irrespective of disease duration, age at onset, or testing time (p >0.05). Patients with more severe baseline myoclonus demonstrated significant improvements. Neurophysiological assessments revealed a PER‐induced decrease in sensorimotor hyperexcitability, characterized by diminished N33 amplitudes, attenuated glutamatergic facilitation, and enhanced GABAergic inhibition in the motor cortex. In conclusion, low‐dose PER is well tolerated and effective in alleviating myoclonus in FAME2 patients, supported by its modulatory effects on glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal circuits.Plain Language Summary: This study investigated the effects of low‐dose perampanel in individuals with Familial Adult Myoclonus Epilepsy2 (FAME2), a hereditary condition characterized by epilepsy and tremors. Perampanel, an antiepileptic drug, blocks AMPA receptors in the brain, reducing excessive neural activity that causes seizures and abnormal movements. The results showed significant symptom improvement, which correlated with changes in brain activity as measured by neurophysiological tests. This study suggests that perampanel helps regulate abnormal brain signals and may help managing FAME2 symptoms.
Sim‐Net: Simulation Net for Solving Seepage Equation Under Unsteady Boundary
Authors: Li Daolun , Chen Enyuan , Xu Yantao , Zha Wenshu , Shen Luhang , Chen Dongsheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe seepage equation plays a crucial role in fields such as groundwater management, petroleum engineering, and civil engineering. Currently, physical‐informed neural networks (PINNs) have become an effective tool for solving seepage equations. However, practical applications often involve variable flow rates, which pose significant challenges for using neural networks to find solutions. Inspired by Deep Operator Network (DeepONet), this paper proposes a new model named Simulation Net (Sim‐net) to deal with unsteady sources or sinks problems. Sim‐net is designed to simulate and solve seepage equations without the need for retraining. This model integrates potential spatial and temporal features based on spatial pressure distribution and well bottom–hole pressure, respectively, which serve as additional signposts to guide neural networks in approximating seepage equations. Sim‐net exhibits transfer learning capabilities, enabling it to handle variable flow rate problems without retraining for new flow conditions. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the trained model can directly solve seepage equations without the need for retraining, indicating its superior applicability compared to existing PINNs‐based methods. Additionally, in comparison to the DeepONet, Sim‐net achieves higher accuracy.
Accelerated weathering of construction‐grade limestone for CO2 absorption
Authors: Damu Daniel Nyuin Alfred , Lee Alvin Guo Jian , Chai Slyvester Yew Wang , Ngu Lock Hei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccelerated weathering of limestone (AWL) process efficiently captures CO2 from point source emissions. However, despite achieving an outstanding capture efficiency of 73.51 %, lab‐grade (LG) limestone with 99.90 % CaCO3 as an absorbent is costly ($2757.70/t), making commercialization of AWL impractical. This work delves into the viability of utilizing construction‐grade (CG) limestone (93.26% purity) for the AWL process facilitated by potable water in an absorption tower for post‐combustion capture. The result shows that CG limestone achieves comparable CO2 capture efficiency of 8.0–74.68% and bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2) concentration of 0.63–3.10 mM compared with LG limestone. However, LG limestone has 0.29 mol CO2/mol CaCO3 higher CO2 absorption capacity and a faster absorption rate than CG limestone, indicating a somewhat better CO2 capture performance. Nevertheless, CG limestone offered a more cost‐effective alternative, with a $2735.24 lower cost per ton of CaCO3 and a $2651.63 per ton CO2 lower CO2 capturing cost at the highest carbon capture efficiency (HCCE) condition compared to LG limestone. The kinetic analysis shows that the forward reactions in the AWL process are significantly faster at elevated CO2 concentration, with the mass transfer coefficient affirming that CO2 dissolves faster than CaCO3, in line with prior research. Thus, this work validates that CG limestone‐based AWL achieves comparable CO2 capture performance to that of LG limestone, offering a cost‐efficient alternative. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative assessment of CO2 leakage risk in geologic carbon storage management
Authors: Jing Meng , Li Qi , Liu Guizhen , Xue Quan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLarge‐scale geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is indispensable for mitigating climate change but faces significant challenges, especially in the accurate quantitative assessment of leakage risks to ensure long‐term security. Given these circumstances, this paper proposes an innovative approach for quantitatively assessing CO2 leakage risk to address the previous limitations of limited accuracy and insufficient data. We construct a fault tree and transform it into a Bayesian network–directed acyclic graph, and then use judgment sets along with fuzzy set theory to obtain prior probabilities of root nodes. The feature, event, and process method was utilized to identify key components and subsequently determine the conditional probability table (CPT) of the leaf node. The subjective experience assessments from experts are defuzzified to obtain the CPTs of intermediate nodes. The obtained basic probability parameters are input into the directed acyclic graph to complete the model construction. After calculating the leakage probability using this model, it is combined with the severity of impacts to conduct a comprehensive risk assessment. Furthermore, critical CO2 risk sources can be determined through posterior probability calculations when intermediate nodes are designated as deterministic risk events. The gradual implementation process of the proposed model is demonstrated via a typical case study. The results indicate an overall CO2 leakage probability of 29%, with probabilities of leakage along faults/fractures, caprock, and well identified as 32%, 28%, and 19%, respectively. The project is categorized as a medium‐low risk level. When leakage is confirmed, tectonic movement, thickness, and delamination at interface connections/the presence of cracks are the critical risk sources, and measures to mitigate key risks are outlined. The identified key risk factors conform to empirical evidence and previous research, validating the accuracy of the model. This study is instrumental in CO2 geological storage risk assessment and scalable development program design. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hearing Function Moderates Age‐Related Differences in Brain Morphometry in the HCP Aging Cohort
Authors: Kirschen Robert M. , Leaver Amber M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThere are well‐established relationships between aging and neurodegenerative changes, and between aging and hearing loss. The goal of this study was to determine how structural brain aging is influenced by hearing loss. Human Connectome Project Aging data were analyzed, including T1‐weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Words in noise (WIN) thresholds (n = 623). Freesurfer extracted gray and white matter volume, and cortical thickness, area, and curvature. Linear regression models targeted (1) interactions between age and WIN threshold and (2) correlations with WIN threshold adjusted for age, both corrected for false discovery rate (pFDR < 0.05). WIN threshold moderated age‐related increase in volume in bilateral inferior lateral ventricles, with a higher threshold associated with increased age‐related ventricle expansion. Age‐related differences in the occipital cortex also increased with higher WIN thresholds. When controlling for age, high WIN threshold was correlated with reduced cortical thickness in Heschl's gyrus, calcarine sulcus, and other sensory regions, and reduced temporal lobe white matter. Older volunteers with poorer hearing and cognitive scores had the lowest volume in left parahippocampal white matter. These results suggest that better hearing is associated with reduced age‐related differences in medial temporal lobe, while better hearing at any age is associated with greater cortical tissue in auditory and other sensory regions. Future longitudinal studies are needed to assess the causal nature of these relationships, but these results indicate interventions that preserve or protect hearing function may combat some neurodegenerative changes in aging.
Rheological Analysis of Thermally Radiative Hyperbolic Tangent Fluid Flow in a Curved Channel Driven by Metachronal Ciliary Waves
Authors: Abbas Z. , Junjua Moin‐ud‐Din , Arslan M. S. , Khaliq S. , Rafiq M. Y. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe study and application of cilia flow have implications across a wide range of disciplines, from medicine and biology to engineering and robotics, contributing to advancements in healthcare, biotechnology, and fluid dynamics research. Motivated by these applications, a numerical simulation is performed to investigate the mixed convective cilia flow of MHD hyperbolic tangent fluid in a curved channel. The analysis is performed in the presence of viscous dissipation. The curvilinear coordinates are used due to the curved nature of flow geometry in the derivation of flow equations. The fluid motion arises from the metachronal waves generated by the cilia. The constitutive equations are simplified by the hypothesis of the lubrication approximation and then solved numerically using the Keller Box method. Comprehensive investigation of velocity, temperature, pumping phenomena, streamlines, skin friction, and Nusselt number are graphed and analyzed. The results obtained from the analysis convey that the fluid velocity decreases with an increase in the magnetic field and increases with a rise in the Weissenberg number. The Nusselt number increases with the Brinkman number while the reverse observations are predicted for curvature parameter. Streamlines show fluid movement driven by cilia oscillations. Furthermore, the skin friction and Nusselt number at the channel walls are determined for a variety of critical parameter assessments. Potential applications of the current work include mucus clearance from the respiratory tract, microfluidics, oesophageal transport, biofluid mechanisms, and other fields of physiology.
3D MHD Natural Convective Flow Past a Uniformly Moving Porous Vertical Plate With Variable Sinusoidal Suction in the Slip Flow Regime
Authors: Ahmed Nazibuddin , Khanam Masuma 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe current study aims to precisely solve the problem of three‐dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs) natural convective flow of a viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting, nongray, optically thick fluid past a uniformly moving porous vertical plate with variable sinusoidal suction in the slip flow regime, considering thermal diffusion, diffusion‐thermo, and thermal radiation. The incorporation of variable sinusoidal suction with variable amplitude in a slip flow regime in 3D MHD natural convective flow across a uniformly moving porous vertical plate is the novelty of the present work. Into the fluid region, a uniform transverse magnetic field is applied. Using Rosseland approximation, the flux appearing in the energy equation can be described. At the plate, solutal, thermal, and momentum slip are taken into account. The equations governing the flow model are solved using the asymptotic series expansion method. Since sinusoidal suction creates a 3D flow, the flow is 3D. Through figures and tables, we discuss the effects of different parameters on flow and transport characteristics. The magnetic body force, or Lorentz force, is produced when a magnetic field and fluid velocity interact. Because of this force's resistance to the flow, the fluid's velocity drops. A greater amount of mass diffusivity results in an increase in the concentration profile. An increase in thermal diffusivity raises the temperature field. The rate of heat transmission is reduced by higher thermal diffusivity. The mass transfer accelerates as fluid viscosity rises because the fluid's viscosity increases along with the Schmidt number. Skin friction reduces by 0.5% when the Soret number rises by one unit. The rate of mass transfer is enhanced with a growing Reynolds number or low viscosity.
Parameterizing Haverkamp Model From the Steady‐State of Numerically Generated Infiltration: Influence of Algorithms for Steady‐State Selection
Authors: Autovino Dario , Bagarello Vincenzo , Iovino Massimo , Lassabatere Laurent , Yilmaz Deniz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBEST (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters) methods of soil hydraulic characterisation are widely applied for estimating sorptivity, S, and saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks. Calculating these properties requires choosing the β and γ parameters of the Haverkamp infiltration model. These parameters can be obtained from numerically simulated three‐dimensional (3D) infiltration runs reaching steady‐state. This investigation tested dependence of the estimated β and γ parameters on the algorithm for steady‐state selection using simulated 3D cumulative infiltrations for different soils and initial conditions. Two algorithms used the original simulation outputs and included using (i) a threshold defining steadiness (T‐algorithm) and (ii) the last four data points, yielding a reference value of steady‐state infiltration rate (R‐algorithm). A third algorithm, similar to the R‐algorithm, was applied to previously re‐sampled infiltration data at fixed time intervals (RR‐algorithm). The intercept, bs, of the straight line fitted to the data describing steady‐state on the cumulative infiltration plot depended on the applied algorithm more than the slope of this line. Consequently, β varied with the applied algorithm more than γ. The RR‐algorithm, yielding 0.62 ≤ β ≤ 1.99 and 0.74 ≤ γ ≤ 0.98, was preferred since it mediated between advantages and disadvantages of T‐ and R‐algorithms. The influence of the choice of proper values for β and γ on the estimates of S and Ks was evaluated using BEST. Using the default values of β (0.6) and γ (0.75) yielded accurate estimates of S but not of Ks. Soil dependent β and γ values should be used in this case. A check of the reliability of the estimates of bs can be made by a sequential analysis of the cumulative infiltration data. Future developments include considering sources differing in size and establishing if the suggested β and γ values apply in general to the available BEST algorithms.