bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing efficient and effective behavioral treatment for insomnia in cancer survivors: Results of a stepped care trial
Authors: Zhou Eric S. , Michaud Alexis L. , Recklitis Christopher J. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundInsomnia is common among cancer survivors. Although behavioral treatments for insomnia are effective, access is limited. Stepped care delivery models may provide insomnia treatment that is more efficient and accessible to cancer survivors.MethodsFifty‐one survivors (mean age, 55 years) with elevated Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores (≥12) first participated in Sleep Training Education Program (STEP)‐1: a single, sleep education session. Those reporting elevated ISI scores 1 month later were offered STEP‐2: a 3‐session, group cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia that has been demonstrated to be efficacious. Participants were considered treatment responders if their ISI score improved by ≥6 points and were considered as having remitted if their posttreatment ISI score was <12. Mood was assessed with the Profile of Mood States–Short Form (POMS‐SF).ResultsFollowing STEP‐1, ISI scores improved (17.1 to 11.2; P < .001), with 45% responding and 41% remitted. Insomnia remission after STEP‐1 was associated with lower insomnia severity and shorter duration of sleep problems at baseline. Of the 30 (59%) survivors with unremitted insomnia after STEP‐1, 14 (47%) participated in STEP‐2. Following STEP‐2, ISI scores improved (16.9 to 8.8; P < .001), with 79% responding and 71% remitted. STEP‐2 participation was associated with interest in sleep treatment at baseline, but not demographic/health‐related variables. Mood improved significantly following both STEP‐1 and STEP‐2 (P < .001).ConclusionA stepped care approach to treating insomnia among cancer survivors has the potential to improve treatment accessibility. A sizable proportion of survivors can benefit from 2 different low‐intensity approaches that could be delivered by nonsleep specialists. For individuals who require more intensive care, assessing treatment interest can identify those who are likely to engage.
Infection in patchy populations: Contrasting pathogen invasion success and dispersal at varying times since host colonization
Authors: Nørgaard Louise S. , Phillips Ben L. , Hall Matthew D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRepeated extinction and recolonization events generate a landscape of host populations that vary in their time since colonization. Within this dynamic landscape, pathogens that excel at invading recently colonized host populations are not necessarily those that perform best in host populations at or near their carrying capacity, potentially giving rise to divergent selection for pathogen traits that mediate the invasion process. Rarely, however, has this contention been empirically tested. Using Daphnia magna, we explored how differences in the colonization history of a host population influence the invasion success of different genotypes of the pathogen Pasteuria ramosa. By partitioning the pathogen invasion process into a series of individual steps, we show that each pathogen optimizes invasion differently when encountering host populations that vary in their time since colonization. All pathogen genotypes were more likely to establish successfully in recently colonized host populations, but the production of transmission spores was typically maximized in either the subsequent growth or stationary phase of host colonization. Integrating across the first three pathogen invasion steps (initial establishment, proliferation, and secondary infection) revealed that overall pathogen invasion success (and its variance) was, nonetheless, highest in recently colonized host populations. However, only pathogens that were slow to kill their host were able to maximize host-facilitated dispersal. This suggests that only a subset of pathogen genotypes—the less virulent and more dispersive—are more likely to encounter newly colonized host populations at the front of a range expansion or in metapopulations with high extinction rates. Our results suggest a fundamental trade-off for a pathogen between dispersal and virulence, and evidence for higher invasion success in younger host populations, a finding with clear implications for pathogen evolution in spatiotemporally dynamic settings.
A Deactivation Factor of Fibrogenic Hepatic Stellate Cells Induces Regression of Liver Fibrosis in Mice
Authors: Nakano Yasuhiro , Kamiya Akihide , Sumiyoshi Hideaki , Tsuruya Kota , Kagawa Tatehiro , Inagaki Yutaka 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), a key player in the progression of liver fibrosis, are activated by various inflammatory stimuli and converted to myofibroblast‐like cells with excessive collagen production. Despite many attempts to suppress activation of HSCs or inhibit collagen production in activated HSCs, their clinical applications have not been established yet. Recently, the deactivation of HSCs has been reported as a mechanism underlying the reversibility of experimental liver fibrosis. In the present study, we sought for deactivation factors of HSCs that induce regression of established liver fibrosis.

Approach and Results
We identified transcription factor 21 (Tcf21) as one of the transcription factors whose expression was up‐regulated in parallel to the differentiation of fetal HSCs. Expression of Tcf21 in HSCs remarkably decreased during culture‐induced activation in vitro and in murine and human fibrotic liver tissue in vivo. This reduced Tcf21 expression was recovered during the spontaneous regression of murine liver fibrosis. Tcf21 was also examined for its effects by adeno‐associated virus serotype 6‐mediated Tcf21 gene transfer into cultured activated HSCs and mice with carbon tetrachloride‐ or methionine‐choline deficient diet‐induced liver fibrosis. Overexpression of Tcf21 in activated HSCs not only suppressed fibrogenic gene expression but also restored cells, at least in part, to a quiescent phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. These phenotypic changes of HSCs were accompanied by the regression of steatohepatitis and fibrosis and improved hepatic architecture and function.

Conclusions
Tcf21 has been identified as a deactivation factor of fibrogenic HSCs, providing insight into a treatment strategy for the otherwise intractable liver fibrosis.
On a question of Thas on partial 3‐(qn + 1, q + 1, 1) designs
Authors: Metsch Klaus , Van de Voorde Geertrui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this note, we answer a question of JA Thas about partial ‐ designs. We then extend this answer to a result about the embedding of certain partial ‐ designs into Möbius planes.
Environmental DNA Sampling of Small-Bodied Minnows: Performance Relative to Location, Species, and Traditional Sampling
Authors: Robinson Anthony T. , Paroz Yvette M. , Clement Matthew J. , Franklin Thomas W. , Dysthe Joseph C. , Young Michael K. , McKelvey Kevin S. , Carim Kellie J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We performed experiments in southwestern USA streams to evaluate the efficacy of environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling for two rare small-bodied minnows: Spikedace Meda fulgida and Loach Minnow Rhinichthys cobitis. We collected eDNA by filtering 5-L samples and compared detection sensitivity of eDNA assays to traditional sampling methods (electrofishing and seining) by using both techniques at 33 sites in seven streams. We used caged-fish experiments to estimate eDNA production rates, persistence, and travel distances and to estimate relationships between fish density, biomass, and eDNA quantity. Loach Minnows were detected at 22 sites by both eDNA and traditional sampling, were not detected by either technique at 7 sites, and were detected only by eDNA at 4 sites. Spikedace were detected with both techniques at 15 sites, were not detected by either technique at 8 sites, and were detected only by eDNA at 7 sites. In the Verde River and Wet Beaver Creek, both species’ eDNA was detected downstream of caged fish out to our maximum sampling distance of 500 m. Estimated eDNA production rates were greater for Spikedace than for Loach Minnows, although more Spikedace were used. Production rates for both species were greater in the Verde River than in Wet Beaver Creek. Persistence of eDNA did not differ among species but was greater in Wet Beaver Creek than in the Verde River. In density experiments, the amount of Spikedace eDNA was positively related to the density and biomass of caged Spikedace, but the relationship differed between streams. We conclude that eDNA surveys are more sensitive than traditional methods for detecting rare minnows in southwestern streams. With the sensitivity to detect even a single fish in a 100-m reach, managers will be able to more effectively identify reaches occupied by threatened or endangered fish, even if a population is in decline.
Identification of E6 Inhibitors Employing Energetically Optimized Structure‐Based Pharmacophore Modelling, Ligand Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Studies
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Rathi Ekta , Kini Suvarna G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh‐risk HPV DNA has been found in nearly all cases of cervical cancer (CC). The viral E6 protein in association with E6AP (E6 binding protein) leads to degradation of apoptotic p53 protein. So, inhibition of E6 can be a promising target for HPV associated CC. In this work, protein‐protein alignment and protein interaction analysis were done to identify the amino acid residues undergoing conformational changes when E6‐E6AP complex recruited p53 protein. Then ‘SiteMap’ of Maestro was used to define a possible binding pocket. An e‐pharmacophore model (ADHRRN) was built based on the receptor cavity and screened against four different focussed libraries of 27,354 compounds. The hits were further analysed using docking, MM‐GBSA analysis and molecular dynamics simulations study. Eight hits have been reported here, but compound 7 also known as Diospyrin was identified as the best hit. It showed possible H‐bond interaction with TYR32, CYS51, SER74 and ARG131 amino acid residues.
A Lead (II) Ion Sensor Based on Selective Recognition of G‐quadruplex for Ethyl‐substitutive Thioflavin T
Authors: Yang Dawei , Shi Lei , Zhao Zheng , Fu Yao , Sun Hongxia , Li Qian , Tang Yalin , Zhang Xiufeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThT−E (ethyl‐substitutive Thioflavin T), a derivative of Thioflavin T (ThT), is capable of inducing a guanine ‐rich nucleic acid sequence that forms a parallel G‐quadruplex under certain conditions and exhibits significant fluorescence enhancement. In this work, we used Pb2+ to induce parallel G‐quadruplex into anti‐parallel G‐quadruplex to reduce fluorescence of ThT−E and found a simple Pb2+ detection method. Through this approach, Pb2+ in aqueous solutions can be detected at 0. 76 nM with fluorescence spectrometry in a facile way, with high selectivity against other metal ions. These results indicate the method for detecting Pb2+ is simple, sensitive, specific and label‐free.
Construction of a Visible Light Z‐scheme Photocatalyst: Curcumin Functionalized Cu2O/Ag Nanocomposites
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Pal Shaili , Kuntail Jyoti , Kumar De Arup , Sinha Indrajit 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA stage‐wise green synthesis protocol was used to prepare curcumin functionalized Cu2O/Ag nanocomposites. In this procedure, curcumin was used to reduce and functionalize Ag nanostructures on needle‐shaped Cu2O nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles were found to be efficient visible‐light photocatalysts for aqueous medium aerobic methyl orange (MO) degradation. Photocatalytic experiments in the presence of appropriate scavenger molecules showed that superoxide radicals were primarily responsible for MO degradation. Furthermore, the increase in the amount of Ag connecting the Cu2O and curcumin parts enhanced the recyclability of the photocatalyst. A Z‐scheme mechanism concentrates the electrons in the LUMO of curcumin, and holes in the valence band (VB) of the Cu2O. While the electrons in the curcumin reduced oxygen to produce superoxide radicals, the Cu2O VB holes oxidized water to sustain the process.
Noncovalent Functionalization of Pnictogen Surfaces: From Small Molecules to 2D Heterostructures
Authors: Ghodrati Hanieh , Antonatos Nikolas , Sofer Zdeněk 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBeyond graphene, 2D pnictogen polymers are rapidly growing among the family of 2D materials. Due to their unique properties, this group has received considerable interest in recent years. Those properties include tunable electronic band gaps, high charge carrier mobility, and in‐plane anisotropic properties. This Review covers the noncovalent functionalization of pnictogen surfaces considering experimental and theoretical studies. Noncovalent functionalization is of great importance for effective modulation of the electronic structure of these materials as well as improvement of their stability toward surface oxidation. This Review highlights their noncovalent modification by organic molecules, in which enhanced surface stability of phosphorene and generated functionalized materials for applications in biomedical, supercapacitors, energy storage, and biosensors. Moreover, the noncovalent interactions with small molecules show its significance for sensing applications. Lastly, the interactions of pnictogen sheets with other 2D materials and their applications for van der Waals heterostructure formation are discussed. Current state‐of‐the‐art as well as future perspectives in this field are covered.
Spectroscopic Interrogation of the Acetylation Selectivity of Hardwood Biopolymers
Authors: Adebawo Funke , Sadeghifar Hassan , Tilotta David , Jameel Hasan , Liu Yu , Lucia Lucian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcetylation of wood is an age‐old chemical platform known to improve its chemical and physical properties in direct correlation with the degree of acetylation. However, as of yet, no systematic study has been undertaken to probe the selectivity of acetylation of wood. A fundamental understanding of the molecular basis for acetylation of the constituent biopolymers, viz., holocellulose, and lignin for tropical hardwood, an emerging building material, is therefore undertaken. Wood samples are treated with acetic anhydride at 120 °C over a wide range of time periods. The degrees of acetylation and acetyl content of the tropical hardwood are measured to reveal that the acetyl content in which the hydroxyl groups of wood correspond to an increment in weight percent gain as confirmed by FT‐IR for individual wood biopolymers and whole wood. However, surprisingly,31P‐NMR establishes the order of reactivity for the hydroxyl groups as lignin > hemicelluloses > whole wood in direct opposition to their proportions in wood, but in correlation to their direct accessibilities and reactivities.
The role of idealisations in describing an isolated molecule
Authors: Seifert Vanessa A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The investigation of the relation between chemistry and quantum mechanics includes examining how the two theories each describe an isolated molecule. This paper focuses on one particular characteristic of chemistry’s and quantum mechanics’ descriptions of an isolated molecule; namely on the assumptions made by each description that an isolated molecule is stable and has structure. The paper argues that these assumptions are an idealisation. First, this is because stability and structure are partially determined by factors that concern the context in which a molecule is considered (i.e. thermodynamic conditions, time-range of experiment, environment, etc.). Secondly, the stability and structure of a molecule can only be empirically identified with reference to those factors. This paper examines these assumptions in the context of the philosophical literature on idealisations. This examination is a novel contribution that raises interesting questions about the relation between the two theories, the nature of stability and structure, and the function of these assumptions in the two theories.
Crowdworking: working with or against the crowd?
Authors: Jäger Georg , Zilian Laura S. , Hofer Christian , Füllsack Manfred 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOur current labour market is affected by massive changes like digitalization, automation and globalization, which gives rise to completely new forms of generating income. One such innovative idea is crowdworking, where many people (a so-called crowd) work on individual tasks for a firm in a way similar to a self-employed freelancer. This form of occupation is a recent development but gains acceptance, esteem and relevance quite rapidly. The risk potential for wage dumping and (self-) exploitation is still unknown. A crucial, but often neglected fact about crowdworking is that it exists in many variants which have completely different properties. We investigate how much these distinct versions of crowdworking differ by using an agent-based computer simulation. Wages, job security, workforce composition and other relevant indicators are calculated by simulating the micro scale to gain aggregated information on the macro-scale. We find that there is a significant difference between the versions of crowdworking. Our main finding is that especially variants where the crowdworkers are able to set their own wages are susceptible to wage dumping. Simulations suggest that this phenomenon is independent of the specifics of the labour market but rather a fundamental property of those variants of crowdworking.
Mechanical properties of wood materials using near-infrared spectroscopy based on correlation local embedding and partial least-squares
Authors: Yu Lei , Liang Yuliang , Zhang Yizhuo , Cao Jun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This study used near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict mechanical properties of wood. NIR spectra were collected in wavelengths 900–1700 nm, and spectra averaged by radial and tangential surface spectra were used to establish a partial least square (PLS) model based on correlation local embedding (CLE). Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb.) was used to test the effectiveness of the model. The cross-validation method was used to verify the robustness of the CLE–PLS model. Ninety samples were tested as the calibration set and forty-five as the validation set. The results show that the prediction coefficient of determination ($$R_{p}^{2}$$Rp2) is 0.80 for MOR, and 0.78 for MOE. The ratio of performance to deviation is 2.23 for MOR and 2.15 for MOE.
Multiple-pollutant cost-efficiency: Coherent water and climate policy for agriculture
Authors: Lötjönen Sanna , Ollikainen Markku 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We examine the abatement costs for water and climate pollutants and their respective policies while accounting for cobenefits. We construct private and social marginal cost curves for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient runoff in Finnish agriculture. We find that the social marginal costs of reducing emissions that reflect the cobenefits are lower than the private costs. Accounting for greenhouse gas cobenefits from nutrient load reduction or water cobenefits from climate emissions reduction creates a gap between privately and socially optimal reduction levels. This gap varies depending on the valuation of cobenefits. The cost-efficient reduction of the focus pollutant is increased when cobenefits from the other pollutant are accounted for. For policies, this implies a higher cap or tax on the focus pollutant. We decompose the optimal tax rate to a basic tax on the focus pollutant and on an additional tax component depending on the level of cobenefits.
The tree species matters: Biodiversity and ecosystem service implications of replacing Scots pine production stands with Norway spruce
Authors: Felton Adam , Petersson Lisa , Nilsson Oscar , Witzell Johanna , Cleary Michelle , Felton Annika M. , Björkman Christer , Sang Åsa Ode , Jonsell Mats , Holmström Emma , Nilsson Urban , Rönnberg Jonas , Kalén Christer , Lindbladh Matts 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe choice of tree species used in production forests matters for biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Sweden, damage to young production forests by large browsing herbivores is helping to drive a development where sites traditionally regenerated with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are instead being regenerated with Norway spruce (Picea abies). We provide a condensed synthesis of the available evidence regarding the likely resultant implications for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from this change in tree species. Apart from some benefits (e.g. reduced stand-level browsing damage), we identified a range of negative outcomes for biodiversity, production, esthetic and recreational values, as well as increased stand vulnerability to storm, frost, and drought damage, and potentially higher risks of pest and pathogen outbreak. Our results are directly relevant to forest owners and policy-makers seeking information regarding the uncertainties, risks, and trade-offs likely to result from changing the tree species in production forests.
Another approach to the Kan–Quillen model structure
Authors: Moss Sean 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
By careful analysis of the embedding of a simplicial set into its image under Kan’s $$\mathop {\mathop {\mathsf {Ex}}^\infty }$$Ex∞ functor we obtain a new and combinatorial proof that it is a weak homotopy equivalence. Moreover, we obtain a presentation of it as a strong anodyne extension. From this description we can quickly deduce some basic facts about $$\mathop {\mathop {\mathsf {Ex}}^\infty }$$Ex∞ and hence provide a new construction of the Kan–Quillen model structure on simplicial sets, one which avoids the use of topological spaces or minimal fibrations.
Process optimization of biodiesel production catalyzed by CaO nanocatalyst using response surface methodology
Authors: Bharti Priyanka , Singh Bhaskar , Dey R. K. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Uses of nanocatalysts have become more useful in optimizing catalytic reactions. They are known to enhance the rate of reaction by offering a greater number of active sites by possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio. In the present work, calcium oxide nanocatalysts were synthesized through the sol–gel method. The particle size of the nanocatalyst prepared ranged up to 8 nm. Soybean oil was used as the raw material for the synthesis of biodiesel. The synthesized nano-CaO was characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Average BET surface area analysis of the nanocatalyst was calculated to be 67.781 m2/g and pore diameter was 3.302 nm. Nano-CaO catalyst was used to synthesize biodiesel and optimize the reaction variables through optimization processes to achieve a high yield of biodiesel. The reaction variables that were optimized were catalyst amount, oil to methanol molar ratio and reaction temperature. Upon optimization, the conversion of biodiesel was found to be 97.61%. The optimized value of the reaction variables was: catalyst amount of 3.675 wt% with respect to oil, molar ratio (alcohol to oil) of 11:1, and reaction temperature of 60 °C for 2 h.

Graphic abstract