bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using cumulative human‐impact models to reveal global threat patterns for seahorses
Authors: Zhang Xiong , Vincent Amanda C. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUnderstanding threats acting on marine organisms and their conservation status is vital but challenging given a paucity of data. We studied the cumulative human impact (CHI) on and conservation status of seahorses (Hippocampus spp.)—a genus of rare and data‐poor marine fishes. With expert knowledge and relevant spatial data sets, we built linear‐additive models to assess and map the CHI of 12 anthropogenic stressors on 42 seahorse species. We examined the utility of indices of estimated impact (impact of each stressor and CHI) in predicting conservation status for species with random forest (RF) models. The CHI values for threatened species were significantly higher than those for nonthreatened species (category based on International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List). We derived high‐accuracy RF models (87% and 96%) that predicted that 5 of the 17 data‐deficient species were threatened. Demersal fishing practices with high bycatch and pollution were the best predictors of threat category. Major threat epicenters were in China, Southeast Asia, and Europe. Our results and maps of CHI may help guide global seahorse conservation and indicate that modeling and mapping human impacts can reveal threat patterns and conservation status for data‐poor species. We found that for exploring threat patterns of focal species, species‐level CHI models are better than existing ecosystem‐level CHI models.
Is Emotional Magnitude Spatialized? A Further Investigation
Authors: Holmes Kevin J. , Alcat Candelaria , Lourenco Stella F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that different magnitudes (e.g., number, size, and duration) are spatialized in the mind according to a common left–right metric, consistent with a generalized system for representing magnitude. A previous study conducted by two of us (Holmes & Lourenco, ) provided evidence that this metric extends to the processing of emotional magnitude, or the intensity of emotion expressed in faces. Recently, however, Pitt and Casasanto () showed that the earlier effects may have been driven by a left–right mapping of mouth size rather than emotional magnitude, and they found no evidence for an emotional magnitude mapping when using words as stimuli. Here, we report two new experiments that further examine these conclusions. In Experiment 1, using face stimuli with mouths occluded, we replicate the original finding: Less emotional faces were associated with the left and more emotional faces with the right. However, we also find that people can reliably infer the sizes of the occluded mouths, and that these inferred mouth sizes can explain the observed left–right mapping. In Experiment 2, we show that comparative judgments of emotional words yield a left–right mapping of emotional magnitude not attributable to stimulus confounds. Based on these findings, we concur with Pitt and Casasanto that faces pose challenges for isolating the forces driving spatialization, but we suggest that emotional magnitude, when assessed using unconfounded stimuli in a sufficiently sensitive task, may indeed be spatialized as originally proposed. Suggestions for further research on the spatialization of emotional magnitude are discussed.
The Body in Religion: The Spatial Mapping of Valence in Tibetan Practitioners of Bön
Authors: Li Heng , Cao Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccording to the Body‐Specificity Hypothesis (BSH), people implicitly associate positive ideas with the side of space on which they are able to act more fluently with their dominant hand. Though this hypothesis has been rigorously tested across a variety of populations and tasks, the studies thus far have only been conducted in linguistic and cultural communities which favor the right over the left. Here, we tested the effect of handedness on implicit space‐valence mappings in Tibetan practitioners of Bön who show a strong religious preference for the left, in comparison to an English group. Results showed that Bön right‐handers tended to implicitly associate positive valence more strongly with their dominant side of space despite strong explicit associations between the left and goodness in their religion. This pattern of results found in Bön participants was indistinguishable from that found in English speakers. The findings of the present study support the BSH, demonstrating that space‐valence mappings in people's minds are shaped by their bodily experience, which appears to be independent of space‐valence mappings enshrined in cultural conventions.
Restoration priorities to achieve the global protected area target
Authors: Mappin Bonnie , Chauvenet Alienor L.M. , Adams Vanessa M. , Di Marco Moreno , Beyer Hawthorne L. , Venter Oscar , Halpern Benjamin S. , Possingham Hugh P. , Watson James E.M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith much of Earth's surface already heavily impacted by humans, there is a need to understand where restoration is required to achieve global conservation goals. Here, we show that at least 1.9 million km2 of land, spanning 190 (27%) terrestrial ecoregions and 114 countries, needs restoration to achieve the current 17% global protected area target (Aichi Target 11). Restoration targeted on lightly modified land could recover up to two‐thirds of the shortfall, which would have an opportunity cost impact on agriculture of at least $205 million per annum (average of $159/km2). However, 64 (9%) ecoregions, located predominately in Southeast Asia, will require the challenging task of restoring areas that are already heavily modified. These results highlight the need for global conservation strategies to recognize the current level of anthropogenic degradation across many ecoregions and balance bigger protected area targets with more specific restoration goals.
Initial public offering valuation and prior shared experience in the boardroom of threshold ventures: A study of industry effects
Authors: Pérez‐Calero Leticia , Larrañeta Bárbara , Wright Mike 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch question/issueWe explore the following question: How do initial public offering (IPO) investors value the existence of prior shared experience (PSE) between the CEO and the board of threshold ventures?Research findings/insightsBuilding on the resource provision role of the board, signaling, and the dynamics of decision making within teams literatures, our results show that extensive PSE between the CEO and the board is detrimental to IPO valuation because it augments the perceived risk of overconfidence and myopic decisions sending negative signals to investors. Yet, the industry diversity of that PSE and the level of industry ambiguity mitigate such negative signaling effects.Theoretical/academic implicationsWe make three main contributions to the literature. First, we make a specific contribution by advancing that extensive PSE between the CEO and the board is detrimental for IPO value, unless it is mitigated by the diversity of such PSEs across different industries. Our results therefore highlight boundaries within which previously accepted findings about the positive relationship between PSE and new venture performance do not hold. Second, we enrich our understanding of the relationship between board design and industry conditions by showing that investors perceive differently the extensiveness of PSE between the CEO and the board depending on the degree of industry ambiguity. Overall, we move beyond prior research on signaling, which has tended to focus on primary intended and costly signals, exploring signals with potential negative effects at IPO.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur research has practical implications for ambitious entrepreneurial ventures trying to achieve high growth by going public in their early stages of development. Board compositions may commonly be transformed ahead of IPOs to send a signal to the potential investors about their effectiveness in meeting the strategic challenges of being in the public arena. Our findings suggest that entrepreneurs, pre‐IPO investors, and their advisors may need to adopt a fine‐grained approach to constructing effective boards at an early stage.
Human dental pulp stem cells regulate allogeneic NK cells’ function via induction of anti‐inflammatory purinergic signalling in activated NK cells
Authors: Yan Fei , Liu Ousheng , Zhang Haixia , Zhou Yueying , Zhou Dian , Zhou Zekun , He Yuhong , Tang Zhangui , Wang Songlin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could regulate the function of various immune cells. It remains unclear whether MSCs additionally possess immunostimulatory properties. We investigated the impact of human MSCs on the responsiveness of primary natural killer (NK) cells in terms of induction of anti‐inflammatory purinergic signalling.Material and MethodsWe obtained human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). NK cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers. Activated NK cells were cultured with MSCs. Proliferation assay, apoptosis analysis, activating or inhibitory receptor expression and degranulation assay were used to explore NK cells’ function. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to investigate the purinergic signalling in activated NK cells.ResultsBoth DPSCs and BMMSCs could impair proliferation and promote apoptosis of activated NK cells. Also, activated NK cells could cause DPSCs to lyse. Furthermore, the expression of activating NK cells’ receptors was decreased, but inhibitory receptors of NK cells were elevated following co‐cultivation. NK cells acquired CD73 expression, while MSCs could release ATP into the extracellular space where nucleotides were converted into adenosine (ADO) following co‐culture system. Under the existence of exogenous 2‐chloroadenosine (CADO), the cytotoxic capacity of NK cells was remarkably depressed in a concentration‐dependent manner.ConclusionsDPSCs and BMMSCs could depress NK cells’ function by hydrolysing ATP to ADO using CD39 and CD73 enzymatic activity. Our data suggested that DPSCs might represent a new strategy for treating immune‐related diseases by regulating previously unrecognized functions in innate immune responses.
Do the global lung function initiative reference equations reflect a sample of adult Middle Eastern population?
Authors: Al‐Qerem Walid A. , Hammad Alaa M. , AlQirem Rania A. , Ling Jonathan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe global lung function initiative (GLI) 2012 introduced new multi‐ethnic spirometry reference values for numerous ethnicities.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of the GLI reference values for the adult Jordanian population.MethodsAbout 1875 (1029 females and 846 males) healthy non‐smoking adults were enrolled from several locations in Jordan. Spirometry tests were performed. z‐scores and predicted normal values were calculated for each participant using GLI 2012 equations in addition to other local equations from the Middle East.ResultsOur results indicated that none of the GLI 2012 or other regional equations studied produced an acceptable fit to our data.ConclusionA need to formulate a specific equation for the Jordanian population is urgently required to better evaluate their respiratory conditions.
Compliance with regulations and codes of conduct at social media accounts of Swedish alcohol brands
Authors: Lindeman Mikaela , Katainen Anu , Svensson Johan , Kauppila Emmi , Hellman Matilda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study has, for the first time, mapped the extent to which alcoholic beverage brands operating on the Swedish market follow national advertising regulations and industry self‐regulating codes in their postings on social media.Design and MethodsAll social media content posted on YouTube, Twitter, Facebook and Instagram by 52 brands operating in the Swedish market was gathered from three sample months in 2014, 2016 and 2017. A content analysis was performed.ResultsAn audit of the 1204 posts shows that the brands’ social media content conforms rather well with the industry's own self‐regulation codes. However, the studied beverage brands had alarmingly inadequate age‐gates to social media accounts. Advertisements for alcoholic beverages must be clearly distinguishable from advertisements for non‐alcoholic beverages, according to the Swedish Alcohol Act criteria. These criteria are fulfilled to a varying degree among the posts in the analysed data. Advertisements for non‐alcoholic beverages give companies a greater leeway in terms of shape and content of the post through logotypes, settings and connotations. However, advertisements of non‐alcoholic beverages continue to convey the brand connotations and image to consumers.Discussion and ConclusionsRegulating alcohol advertising in online milieus can be very difficult because of the complex mixture between quickly evolving techniques and the diverse nature of communication messages targeting consumers. Many countries, including Sweden, are now focusing on how to enforce effective policies. This short report strives to shed some light on the scope and content of commercial messages on Swedish social media platforms.
Using Operational and Stock Analytics to Measure Airline Performance: A Network DEA Approach
Authors: Zhang Qian , Koutmos Dimitrios , Chen Kun , Zhu Joe 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe majority of extant studies that focus on performance and efficiency benchmarking of firms utilize only operational measures while neglecting to integrate stock market indicators in their methodological frameworks. Such an approach may lead to erroneous or biased conclusions given that operational and stock measures serve to capture different dimensions and attributes of an overall firm's activities, health, and prospects. Thus, we build and implement a two‐stage network data envelopment analysis process that utilizes both operational and stock market indicators in order to evaluate the performance of nine major international airline companies from 2006 until 2016. In our analysis, we show that there is heterogeneity in the performance of all airlines across time. Most notably, during the 2013–2014 European debt crisis and U.S. debt‐ceiling crisis, we find that stock market‐based performance scores declined significantly for all our sampled companies. We also show that while low cost carriers generally maintain higher operational‐based performance scores than their full service counterparts, full service carriers earn higher performance scores based on stock market indicators. This finding lends support to our approach and our general premise that argues that performance evaluation methods can yield more comprehensive conclusions if both operational and stock market indicators are utilized.
Supply Chain Information Integration and Firm Performance: Are Explorative and Exploitative IT Capabilities Complementary or Substitutive?
Authors: Wei Shaobo , Ke Weiling , Liu Hefu , Wei Kwok Kee 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTDrawing upon organizational information processing theory, we investigate how explorative and exploitative information technology (IT) capabilities independently and interdependently moderate the relationship between supply chain information integration and firm performance. Data collected from 215 firms in China reveal that explorative IT capability positively moderates the relationship between information sharing and firm performance but exerts no moderating effect on the association between collaborative planning and firm performance. By contrast, exploitative IT capability positively moderates the impact of collaborative planning but negatively moderates the influence of information sharing on firm performance. Furthermore, building upon the ambidexterity perspective, we develop and test a three‐way interaction hypothesis that explorative and exploitative IT capabilities would interdependently moderate the relationship between supply chain information integration and firm performance. Our results indicate that explorative and exploitative IT capabilities are complementory in moderating the link between collaborative planning and firm performance but substitutive in moderating the relationship between information sharing and firm performance. By integrating insights from both information systems and operations management, our study thus provides an in‐depth understanding on how and when IT business value can be created in supply chain information integration context.
A Joint Optimal Model of Pricing, Rebate Value, and Redemption Hassle
Authors: Zhang Zelin , Popkowski Leszczyc Peter , Qu Riliang , Joseph Kissan 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTAlthough rebates are widely employed, redemption is not effort free, and the hassle of redemption is an important decision variable for buyers. The current research examines the impact of hassle cost on optimal rebate strategy. An analytical model is developed that simultaneously determines the supply chain's optimal price, level of rebate value, and rebate‐redemption hassle, while allowing for slippage (as consumers may forget to redeem a rebate), in both a centralized and decentralized supply chain. Results show that the level of rebate‐redemption hassle plays a key role in segmenting the market into rebate and nonrebate purchasers. Although in a centralized supply chain redemption hassle should increase in a convex manner with valuations, no such restrictions exist in a decentralized supply chain. This difference is due to double marginalization, which results in higher retail prices in the decentralized supply chain. Rebates can be used to reduce this double marginalization. Furthermore, a manufacturer in a decentralized supply should offer a more attractive rebate than in a centralized supply chain. We also find that changes in the supply chain's optimal price and rebate strategy are nonlinear and nonmonotonic in both production cost and elasticity for consumers’ disutility for hassle. Finally, findings are all supported by results from numerical analyses. Overall, our work contributes theoretically and managerially to the study of rebates by jointly considering price, rebate value, and redemption hassle.
Asymmetric Pricing and Replenishment Controls for Substitutable Products
Authors: Ceryan Oben 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTWe study settings in which a firm offering substitutable products may face restrictions in its ability to either replenish or adjust the prices of some of its products, resulting in asymmetries in the pricing and replenishment controls available for each product. Specifically, we first consider a firm selling two substitutable products, a seasonal and a regular product, which differ in how their inventories are managed over a finite selling horizon. The seasonal product has an initial inventory with no further replenishment opportunities and is dynamically priced throughout the selling horizon, whereas the regular product has a static price but can be replenished periodically subject to a limited capacity. We characterize the firm's optimal replenishment decision for the regular product as well as the dynamic pricing and initial quantity selection decisions for the seasonal product. Through the insights gained by the optimal policy structure, we also develop a simple‐to‐implement and effective heuristic policy. In addition, we investigate profit implications of markdown policies and study how potential differences in quality perceptions between the products impact the optimal policy. Lastly, we consider further types of asymmetries resulting in pricing with partial replenishment or replenishment with partial pricing and provide insights on the value of additional pricing and replenishment flexibilities. Our study helps broaden our understanding of joint pricing and replenishment decisions for substitutable products under circumstances where these decisions may not all be available for all products.
Cerebral palsy prevalence, subtypes, and associated impairments: a population‐based comparison study of adults and children
Authors: Jonsson Ulrica , Eek Meta N , Sunnerhagen Katharina S , Himmelmann Kate 
Published: April 2019

AimTo describe the prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP), subtype distribution, motor and intellectual impairment, and epilepsy in adults with CP compared with children with CP.MethodCP subtype and impairment data from the population‐based CP register of western Sweden and population data from Statistics Sweden were used to compare surviving adults (n=581; 244 females, 337 males) born between 1959 and 1978, with the same cohort as children (n=723; 307 females, 416 males), and with the most recent cohort, born from 2007 to 2010 (n=205; 84 females, 121 males).ResultsPrevalence of CP in adults born between 1959 and 1978 was 1.14 per 1000. The occurrence of impairments differed between CP subtypes. Motor and intellectual impairment were closely related, regardless of subtype. Subtype distribution among survivors differed significantly from the original cohorts (p=0.002), and the most recent cohort (p<0.01), tetraplegia and dyskinetic CP being less common in survivors. Severe motor impairment, intellectual disability, and epilepsy were less common among survivors than in the original cohorts (p=0.004, p=0.002, p=0.037) and the most recent cohort (p=0.004, p=0.008, p<0.01).InterpretationData on prevalence, subtype distribution, and impairments in children with CP are not applicable to adults with CP. Population‐based studies of adults with CP are needed.What this paper adds

Cerebral palsy (CP) subtypes are differently distributed in adults compared to children.

The prevalence of impairments in adults with CP is related to CP subtype.

Spastic tetraplegia and dyskinetic CP are less common in adults than children.

Severe motor impairment, intellectual disability, and epilepsy are less common in adults.
Body mass index trajectories in pediatric multiple sclerosis
Authors: Brenton J Nicholas , Woolbright Emma , Briscoe‐Abath Christina , Qureshi Asma , Conaway Mark , Goldman Myla D 
Published: April 2019

AimTo characterize growth trajectories of children who develop multiple sclerosis compared to typically developing, regional peers and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) normative values.MethodThis case–control study collected weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) in 40 consecutive pediatric patients with multiple sclerosis (28 females, 12 males), in addition to 120 typically developing peers (84 females, 36 males), identified and matched for year of birth, sex, ethnicity, and socio‐economic status.BMIvalues were converted to z‐scores based onCDCreference values and were compared with respect to age between our two cohorts and by years relative to multiple sclerosis onset for cases.ResultsMedian age for the clinical onset of multiple sclerosis was 15 years.BMIz‐scores are significantly higher for patients with multiple sclerosis compared to typically developing, demographically‐matched peers andCDCstandards. These significant differences inBMIare noted from 4 years of age and onward. Height trajectories were similar among case and control individuals andCDCnormative values.InterpretationBMIin pediatric multiple sclerosis is markedly higher, beginning in early childhood, years before the clinical‐onset of the disease.What this paper addsChildren with multiple sclerosis are significantly more overweight than typically developing peers at the time of diagnosis.Body mass index trajectories are significantly higher years before the clinical manifestation(s) of multiple sclerosis.