bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ermittlung des Digitalisierungsgrads von KMU in NRW
Authors: Kraut Andreas , Hicking Jan , Ackermann Sarah , Krolle Yannick 
Published: February 2018

Kurzfassung
Während die Einsatzpotenziale digitaler Technologien häufig bekannt sind, stellt die Umsetzung dieser insbesondere für KMU eine große Herausforderung dar. „Digital in NRW – Das Kompetenzzentrum für den Mittelstand“ unterstützt und befähigt diese Unternehmen mit breitgefächerten Services, um Industrie 4.0 einen Schritt näher zu kommen. Ein solcher ist die Ermittlung des Digitalisierungsgrads von KMU in NRW, welcher im folgenden Beitrag genauer beleuchtet wird.
Organisation 4.0 ermöglicht neue Führungskonzepte durch prozess-orientierte Ordnungsstrukturen
Authors: Binner Hartmut F. 
Published: February 2018

Kurzfassung
Die Einführung der Prozessorganisation schafft die Voraussetzung für eine neue Führungskultur, in der das Management mit den Mitarbeitern in flachen Hierarchien und einer ausgeprägten Feedback-Funktion auf Augenhöhe kommuniziert. Notwendig ist dabei im Rahmen eines Changemanagementprozesses die Ablösung der Funktionsorientierung mit ihren arbeitsteiligen, hierarchischen Strukturen, und den damit verbundenen Abbau von Macht und Privilegien zugunsten der Teamarbeit.
Development of High Pressure Injection Technology for Normal Hydraulic Injection Molding Machines
Authors: Song M. C. , Liu Y. , Chang H. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that enhancing injection pressure can help improve the precision and mechanical properties of molding products, and reduce their shrinkage. But for now the ordinary hydraulic injection molding machine cannot generally meet the requirements of high pressure injection. To improve the injection pressure, the pressurizing module and the hydraulic circuit were designed, and their influence on the product quality was explored via molding experiments. The relationship between the system pressure of injection molding machine and the injection pressure was demonstrated. The experimental results showed that the maximum injection pressure of the injection molding machine with the pressurizing module was improved from 204 MPa to 320 MPa, up 56.86 %. The lack of materials, bubbles, sags of products were gradually weakened until finally disappeared with increasing the injection pressure. The pressurizing module was convenient to be assembled into or removed from the injection molding machine without damaging the original structure, and the state of pressurizing or no pressurizing could be transformed easily during the injection molding process. These results indicated that this technology was easy to be popularized and applied.
Cross-Linked Hydrophobic Starch Granules in Blends with PLA
Authors: Fuchs J. , Feldmann M. , Aßmann C. , Vorwerg W. , Heim H.-P. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The majority of native starch is used in the food sector and in the paper industry. Only a small amount is used in polymer engineering. One reason for the reluctance of the plastics processing industry to use starch as a filling material in polymer blends is the unsatisfactory mechanical behavior of starch when combined with thermoplastics. Another reason is the hydrophilicity of starch. In order to make these materials capable of competing, an amelioration of the mechanical properties is compulsory. By means of modifying the native starch and optimizing the compounding process, it is possible to improve the performance of starch blends, and, thus, increase the number of application areas of these materials. For this reason, native starch was modified with a cross-linking agent using a laboratory mixer. Subsequently, the modified starch and poly(lactic acid) were compounded using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. Cross-linking of the native starch in the laboratory mixer resulted in an increase in the mechanical strength of the starch blends. In addition, the blends with cross-linked starch displayed lower moisture absorption levels than blends with native starch as a filling material.
A expansão do ensino superior no Brasil: a particularidade dos cursos de Serviço Social no Paraná
Authors: Portes Lorena Ferreira , Alves Jolinda De Moraes 
Published: February 2018

O artigo tem por propósito apresentar o processo de expansão do ensino superior no Brasil, evidenciando o caráter privatista desta expansão que acaba por ser camuflado no discurso da democratização. Através de pesquisa nos dados do Censo da Educação Superior, busca retratar a particularidade da expansão do ensino superior no Paraná, trazendo um mapeamento dos cursos de Serviço Social, caracterizando-os segundo a categoria administrativa e a organização acadêmica. Apresenta uma análise aproximativa sobre os dados explicitando a direção mercantil que se faz notória no processo de expansão do ensino superior no Brasil e, consequentemente, dos cursos de Serviço Social na realidade paranaense.
An Exploratory Approach of the Mission Statement: Case of Saudi Arabia Business Schools
Authors: Alolayan Fahad Saleh , Ragmoun Wided , Saidi Hanene 
Published: February 2018

Many studies on mission statements have applied one of three perspectives, those of components, stakeholders, and objectives, in their content analysis studies. This current study analyzed the mission statements of Saudi business schools by using the three perspectives together. Data were collected from 22 Saudi business schools’ mission statements. The results show that Saudi business schools’ mission statements are not well formulated, given that the majority of mission statements' objectives are totally absent, and the components and stakeholders are moderately mentioned in the studied missions. Drawing upon the three aforementioned perspectives, the results of this study provide business schools with valuable guidance to formulate accurate and effective mission statements.
Publicidad encubierta: la información que vende
Authors: Labio Aurora 
Published: February 2018

La diferencia entre periodismo y publicidad parece una cuestión que no plantea, en principio, ninguna duda. Mientras la comunicación pe­ riodística persigue una finalidad social, la publicitaria busca un objetivo eco­ nómico a través del consumo. Sin embargo, la complejidad de la empresa informativa está provocando cierta confusión entre los límites que separan a ambas actividades. Los grupos de comunicación son hoy en día corporaciones que no sólo se pliegan a los grandes anunciantes, sino que poseen negocios que necesitan promocionar para fomentar sus intereses. De esta manera, la infor­ mación se convierte en un instrumento útil para dar a conocer productos y ramificaciones multimedia de la compañía. El mensaje periodístico pierde así su función pública para transformarse en publicidad encubierta.
Fronteiras coletivas e repertórios étnorraciais no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Oliveira Nuno 
Published: February 2018

The article argues that ethnic policy in Brazil has changed in such a way as to adopt more assertive concepts of group belonging. Analysing affirmative action in favour of Black people in contemporary Brazil, the article discusses three differentiated repertoires with implications for the construction of collective boundaries of an ethnoracial nature, which the author calls dilution, negotiation and salience. These frameworks make it possible to organise the perception of ethnic and racial diversity. The importance of narratives of national identity in the ways these frameworks are structured is highlighted. The article also posits the need to consider the role of the state and its agents in the establishment of the legitimate codifications of belonging.
Characterizing Adverse Events Reported Immediately After Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment
Authors: Degenhardt Brian F. , Johnson Jane C. , Brooks William J. , Norman Lisa 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Context
Although adverse events in various types of manual therapy have been previously investigated, little is known about the incidence and types of adverse events that occur after osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT).

Objective
To estimate the incidence and characterize the types of adverse events that patients report after OMT and prior to leaving the office to increase the likelihood of identifying adverse events caused by OMT.

Methods
As part of a prospective study evaluating the use and effectiveness of OMT, patients assessed how they felt immediately after OMT compared with before OMT using a 5-point ordinal rating scale (much better, better, about the same, worse, much worse). For patients who indicated they felt their condition had changed, a follow-up, open-ended question asked them to describe how it had changed. Patients who felt worse or much worse were considered to have experienced an adverse event. Two reviewers independently coded the types of adverse events based on the descriptions provided by the patients. Generalized logistic regression models were used to calculate incidence rates and 95% CIs for the types of adverse events. These models were also used to calculate the ORs and 95% CIs for associations of adverse events with demographic characteristics and with individual OMT techniques after accounting for demographic characteristics.

Results
Immediately after OMT, 884 patients provided data at 1847 office visits (663 [76%] women; 794 [92%] identified as white; mean [SD] age, 51.8 [15.8] years). Patients reported they felt worse or much worse immediately after OMT at 45 office visits; the incidence rate for adverse events was 2.5% (95% CI, 1.3%-4.7%). Pain/discomfort was the most commonly identified type of adverse event (16 [0.9%]; 95% CI, 0.5%-1.6%). Insufficient information was provided to determine the type of adverse event at 20 office visits. Women reported adverse events more frequently than men (OR, 13.9; 95% CI, 1.7-115.6; P=.01).

Conclusion
The incidence of adverse events immediately after OMT, most commonly pain/discomfort, was lower than previous reports from other manual medicine disciplines. Larger studies are needed to determine the incidence of serious adverse events and to assess adverse events that occur in the days following OMT.
Influence of Transverse Process Landmark Localization on Palpation Accuracy of Lumbar Spine Models
Authors: Snider Eric J. , Pamperin Kenneth , Pazdernik Vanessa , Degenhardt Brian F. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Context
Accurate determination of transverse process displacement in the horizontal plane requires accurate transverse process landmark localization followed by accurate discrimination of asymmetry by the examiner's palpating digits.

Objective
To determine whether the accurate localization of transverse process landmarks influences overall accuracy of asymmetry determination in third-year osteopathic medical students evaluating covered lumbar spine models.

Methods
A class of third-year osteopathic medical students was split into 2 groups and asked to determine whether the right transverse processes of covered lumbar spine models were anterior or posterior relative to the left transverse process. The marked model group (group A) was provided covered models with black dots on the fabric covers over the transverse process landmarks, while the covered models given to the students in the unmarked model group (group B) had no markings. Both groups were asked to assess asymmetry differences from L1 to L5 on 2 models. Landmarks were randomized for asymmetry (ranging from 2 mm to 6 mm) and direction (anterior or posterior on the right side). The number of correct responses was modeled as a binomial random variable in a generalized linear model to compare the effects of marked vs unmarked models on accuracy of palpation. The predicted probability of correctly determining the direction of the asymmetry and 95% CIs were calculated.

Results
The probability of correctly identifying the direction of asymmetry was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.87-0.91) for group A and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.71-0.78) for group B, a 15 percentage point difference (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3; P<.001). Assuming accurate perception of digit asymmetry and accurate localization of landmarks are independent and correct answers are given only if both events occur, then students were more likely to accurately perceive digit asymmetry (0.89) than accurately localize landmarks (0.83=0.74/0.89). Overall, more students accurately identified the direction of asymmetry when the right transverse process was anterior (0.87; 95% CI, 0.84-0.90) than when it was posterior (0.81; 95% CI, 0.77-0.84) (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.1; P=.001).

Conclusions
Student palpation accuracy was better when transverse process landmark localization was provided on the lumbar spine models than when it was not. Students were more likely to accurately perceive digit asymmetry than accurately localize the landmarks. Improving palpation accuracy requires developing educational methods to improve both accurate landmark localization and accurate digit asymmetry perception.
Physician-Mentored Patient Rounds to Observe and Assess Entrustable Professional Activities 1 and 2 in Preclinical Medical Students
Authors: Chamberlain Neal R. , Sexton Patricia S. , Hardee Matthew R. , Baer Robert W. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Context
Thirteen entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for entering residency were created to aid medical educators as they prepare preclinical students for their residency and to assess student readiness for residency. The A.T. Still University Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine (ATSU-KCOM) developed a program called physician-mentored patient rounds (PMPR), which focuses on EPA 1 and EPA 2.

Objective
To determine whether PMPRs could be used to assess expected behaviors of EPA 1 (gather a history and perform a physical examination) and EPA 2 (prioritize a differential diagnosis after a clinical encounter).

Methods
The PMPR sessions at ATSU-KCOM take place over several weeks (30-minute sessions per week), during which students gather a patient's history (sessions 1 and 2), observe a physical examination by the physician mentor (session 2), analyze diagnostic test results (session 3), and formulate a treatment plan (session 4). The PMPRs in this study used a real patient with confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study did not include the session-4 treatment plan. Between sessions, students completed an assignment to further demonstrate their behaviors as expected in the EPAs. Student responses were analyzed and summarized for physician feedback in the subsequent PMPR session. Students’ diagnostic accuracy was measured at the conclusion of each session.

Results
A total of 516 students were included in the study. The PMPR weekly attendance was high (453-475). Although history gathering in the large-group setting was disorderly, diagnostic accuracy over the 3-session period improved. After history taking, 411 students (86.5%) included COPD in the differential diagnosis. A smaller number, 235 students (49.5%), listed COPD as the most likely diagnosis. After the physical examination, 439 included COPD in the differential diagnosis, and 385 listed COPD as the most likely diagnosis. After analysis of diagnostic test results, 468 students listed COPD as the most likely diagnosis.

Conclusion
Physician-mentored patient rounds seem to be an effective means to assess preclinical students’ expected behaviors as described in EPA 1 and EPA 2.
Evaluation of adherence and persistence with oral versus long-acting injectable antipsychotics in patients with early psychosis
Authors: Titus-Lay Erika N. , Ansara Elayne D. , Isaacs Alex N. , Ott Carol A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Introduction:
Despite the theory that long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics should be more likely to improve adherence, reduce gaps in therapy, and prevent relapse compared with oral antipsychotics, there is little published evidence on this issue, specifically in patients with early psychosis.

Methods:
Patients with a new diagnosis for a psychotic disorder between July 1, 2013, and August 31, 2014, were retrospectively evaluated during a 12-month duration. The primary outcomes were adherence and persistence. Adherence was determined by proportion of days with medication, and persistence was defined as zero gaps in medication therapy. The secondary outcome was the number of times a psychiatric acute care service was used. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on their antipsychotic prescription history: oral only, LAI only, or both formulations at separate times throughout the study period.

Results:
Forty-seven patients met inclusion criteria. The average proportions of days with medication were 32%, 76%, and 75% for the oral, LAI, and both formulations groups, respectively (P &lt; .001). For medication persistence, there were 32 patients (91%), 3 patients (75%), and 5 patients (63%) with at least 1 gap in therapy for the oral, LAI, and both formulations groups, respectively (P = .098). For acute care services, there was a median number of zero acute care visits for each of the 3 groups (P = .179). A post hoc subgroup analysis found medication adherence to be statistically different between the oral and LAI groups.

Discussion:
Long-acting injectable antipsychotics were associated with better adherence compared with oral antipsychotics in patients with early psychosis.
Combination of venlafaxine and phentermine/topiramate induced psychosis: A case report
Authors: Homola Jaclyn , Hieber Robin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background:
Various publications have noted increases in dopamine, specifically in the mesolimbic region of the brain, to have a direct correlation to psychotic-like symptoms. Venlafaxine, a first-line medication for depression, inhibits the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine. Additionally, venlafaxine weakly inhibits the reuptake of dopamine. Phentermine/topiramate (Qsymia®), specifically the phentermine component, functions by blocking the dopamine and norepinephrine transporter, similar to amphetamine.

Case Report:
A 40-year-old Hispanic woman was admitted to the inpatient mental health unit based on reports of delusional thinking and several attempts of self-harm. Past medical history was significant for major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, and migraines. The patient was started on venlafaxine (75 mg extended-release by mouth once daily) for depression approximately 1 month prior to admission. Furthermore, the patient was restarted on a previously prescribed medication, oral phentermine/topiramate for weight loss, in combination with venlafaxine, approximately 1 week prior to the bizarre behavior. The patient denied any psychosis or changes in behavior when medications were taken individually prior to the combination. The patient was treated with lurasidone (40 mg by mouth daily) with resolution of psychosis.

Discussion:
A PubMed search revealed no current literature or case reports on psychosis induced by the combination of venlafaxine and phentermine/topiramate. Individual case reports of psychosis in patients on venlafaxine alone and the phentermine component of phentermine/topiramate alone have been reported.
Tabu Search for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Multiple Trips, Time Windows, and Simultaneous Delivery-Pickup
Authors: Suprayogi Suprayogi , Priyandari Yusuf 
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses a vehicle routing problem with multiple trips, time windows, and simultaneous delivery-pickup (VRPMTTWSDP). This problem is a variant of the basic vehicle routing problem (VRP) including the following characteristics: multiple trips, time windows, and simultaneous delivery-pickup. In this paper, a solution approach based on tabu search (TS) is proposed. In the proposed TS, the sequential insertion (SI) algorithm is used to construct an initial solution. A neighbor structure is generated by applying an operator order consisting of eleven operators of relocation, exchange, and crossover operators. A tabu solution code (TSC) method is applied as a tabu restriction mechanism. Computational experiments are carried out to examine the performance of the proposed TS using hypothetical instances. The performance of the proposed TS is compared to the local search (LS) and the genetic algorithm (GA). The comparison shows that the proposed TS is better in terms of the objective function value.
Nitrogen Fixation in the Intertidal Sediments of the Yangtze Estuary: Occurrence and Environmental Implications
Authors: Hou Lijun , Wang Rong , Yin Guoyu , Liu Min , Zheng Yanling 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNitrogen fixation is a microbial‐mediated process converting atmospheric dinitrogen gas to biologically available ammonia or other molecules, and it plays an important role in regulating nitrogen budgets in coastal marine ecosystems. In this study, nitrogen fixation in the intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary was investigated using nitrogen isotope tracing technique. The abundance of nitrogen fixation functional gene (nifH) was also quantified. The measured rates of sediment nitrogen fixation ranged from 0.37 to 7.91 nmol N g−1 hr−1, while the abundance of nifH gene varied from 2.28 × 106 to 1.28 × 108 copies g−1 in the study area. The benthic nitrogen fixation was correlated closely to the abundance of nifH gene and was affected significantly by salinity, pH, and availability of sediment organic carbon and ammonium. It is estimated that sediment nitrogen fixation contributed approximately 9.3% of the total terrigenous inorganic nitrogen transported annually into the Yangtze estuarine and coastal environment. This result implies that the occurrence of benthic nitrogen fixation acts as an important internal source of reactive nitrogen and to some extent exacerbates nitrogen pollution in this aquatic ecosystem.
No seasonality in cognitive performance among adolescents at a subarctic latitude (69°N)
Authors: Friborg Oddgeir , Sundby Jørgen , Rognmo Kamilla , Rosenvinge Jan H. , Bergvik Svein 
Published: February 2018

SummarySeasonal changes in daylight are substantial in subarctic areas and are known to affect circadian sleep rhythms. We examined whether seasonality in cognitive performance also exists and to what extent seasonality in sleep moderates this relationship. In the city of Tromsø (Norway) at 69°N, 182 adolescents (36% male; mean age 16.8 years) participated in a prospective study. The cognitive measures included verbal and visual memory, verbal learning, psychomotor speed, and problem solving, whereas sleep and sleep‐related problems were recorded via weekly sleep diaries and questionnaires. The results indicated no effect of season on any of the cognitive tests. Seasonality in sleep timing, insomnia, and fatigue were confirmed; however, these variables did not modify the null correlation between season and cognition. The lack of seasonality in cognition is a positive finding and serves to undermine myths about the burdens of living in subarctic areas with substantial seasonal changes in daylight.