bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Life-Cycle of Pasteuria penetrans Infecting Meloidogyne incognita under Soil-Less Medium, and Effect of Streptomycin Sulfate on its Development
Authors: Phani Victor , Rao Uma 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Pasteuria penetrans is a Gram-positive, endospore forming soil bacterium, infecting root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. Being obligate in nature, the bacterium is not easily grown in vitro, and the in vivo culturing technique is relied on the soil-based microcosm since long. Hence, culturing of P. penetrans using CYG germination pouches as a soil-less medium for plant growth, promises to provide a contamination free environment along with ease in isolation of infected females from the plant roots. Additionally, this method increases the percentage of P. penetrans infected nematode females as compared with the soil-based system. Schematic observation of all the life stages of P. penetrans was documented, which revealed chronological fragmentation of vegetative microcolony inside the nematode body demonstrating the formation of some stages not reported earlier. Further, germination of endospores attached to infective juveniles was found to be most likely asynchronous as single female nematode contained most of the developing stages of P. penetrans concurrently. Additionally, the effect of an antibiotic, streptomycin sulfate was evaluated for effects on the growth and development of the bacterium at different concentrations. Higher doses of antibiotic were found to exert a negative impact on the development of P. penetrans, which shows the incompatibility of Pasteuria and streptomycin sulfate.
Morphological Re-Description and 18 S rDNA Sequence Confirmation of the Pinworm Aspiculuris tetraptera (Nematoda, Heteroxynematidae) Infecting the Laboratory Mice Mus musculus
Authors: Abdel-Gaber Rewaida , Abdel-Ghaffar Fathy , Al Quraishy Saleh , Morsy Kareem , Saleh Rehab , Mehlhorn Heinz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aspiculuris tetraptera is a heteroxynematid nematoda infecting most of the laboratory animals, occasionally mice which represent the mostly used animal for biological, medical, and pharmacological studies. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nematode parasites infection in the laboratory mice Mus musculus in Egypt. Morphologically, this oxyurid possessed four distinct cephalic papillae on a cephalic plate, with three small rudimental lips carrying two sessile poorly developed labial papillae and one pair of amphidial pores. Esophagus divided into cylindrical corpus and globular bulb. Distinct cervical alae interrupted at the level of esophago–intestinal junction forming an acute angle. At the caudal end, twelve caudal papillae in male worms while an ovijector apparatus opening and a vulva surrounded by protruded lips in females were observed. The general morphological criteria include this nematode with other Aspiculuris species which were compared in the present study. Molecular characterization based on 18SSU rDNA sequencing performed to confirm the taxonomic position of this species and to documents the morphological data. Sequence alignment detects a percent of identity up to 88.0% with other Heteroxynematidae species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the present recorded is a putative sister taxon to A. tetraptera recorded in a previous study. The SSU rDNA sequence has been deposited in the GenBank under the accession no. MG019400.
High Mitochondrial Genome Diversity and Intricate Population Structure of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Zhang Hanyong , Okii Erika , Gotoh Eiji , Shiraishi Susumu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mitogenomic diversity and genetic population structure of the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus inhabiting Kyushu, Japan were analyzed. A method for performing long PCR using single nematodes and sequencing nematode mitochondrial genomes individually is presented here. About 8 kb (∼55%) of the complete mitochondrial genome was successfully obtained from 285 individuals collected from 12 populations. The 158 single nucleotide polymorphisms detected corresponded to 30 haplotypes, clearly classified into two clades. Haplotype diversity was 0.83, evidencing a remarkable high diversity within Kyushu. The high genetic differentiation among the 12 populations (0.331) might be due to past invasion and expansion routes of PWN in northeastern and southeastern Kyushu. The distinct genetic composition of populations within the northwestern, central western, and southwestern Kyushu seems to be mostly related to the extinction of pine forests and long-range migration of PWN due to human activity. Overall, direct long PCR and sequencing of single nematode individuals are effective methods for investigating mitochondrial polymorphisms, and these are effective tools for PWN population genetics and other intraspecific studies.
A novel in vitro chemotaxis bioassay to assess the response of Meloidogyne incognita towards various test compounds
Authors: Shivakumara Tagginahalli N. , Dutta Tushar K. , Rao Uma 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Plant-parasitic, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a serious problem in agri- and horticultural crops worldwide. Understanding their complex host recognition process is essential for devising efficient and environmental-friendly management tactics. In this study, the authors report a new, simple, inexpensive, efficient, and quantitative method to analyze the chemotaxis of M. incognita second-stage juveniles (J2s) using a combination of pluronic gel and agar in a petri dish. The authors quantitatively defined the concentration gradient formation of acid fuchsin on the assay plate. Using this novel assay method, the authors have accurately measured the nematode response (attraction or repulsion) to various volatile (isoamyl alcohol, 1-butanol, benzaldehyde, 2-butanone, and 1-octanol) and non-volatile (root exudates of tomato, tobacco, and marigold) compounds. Isoamyl alcohol, 1-butanol, and 2-butanone were attractive to J2s through a broad range of concentrations. On the contrary, J2s were repelled when exposed to various concentrations of 1-octanol. Despite being attractive at lower concentrations, undiluted benzaldehyde was repulsive to J2s. Tomato and tobacco root exudates were attractive to J2s while marigold root exudates repelled J2s. The present quantitative assay method could be used as a reference to screen and identify new candidate molecules that attract or repel nematodes.
ESPÉCIES NATIVAS PARA ARBORIZAÇÃO URBANA DE MUNICÍPIOS DA PLANÍCIE COSTEIRA DO EXTREMO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Vianna Humberto Dias , Jacobi Ubiratã Soares 
Published: January 2019

Projetos de arborização urbana têm por objetivo melhorar a qualidade de vida nas cidades e, para isso, sua implantação deve respeitar os princípios do conforto ambiental, reduzindo a poluição, elevando a infiltração e reduzindo o escoamento superficial durante as chuvas. A utilização de espécies arbóreas nativas da região servirá para abrigo e alimentação da fauna, assim ajudando na preservação da biodiversidade. A implantação deste tipo de projeto deve evitar conflitos com equipamentos urbanos e riscos às pessoas e animais. A arbórea escolhida deve atender aos seguintes requisitos: ser rústica e de crescimento rápido; produzir frutos e flores pequenas; possuir sistema radicular pivotante; não ter presente látex, resina, espinhos e princípios tóxicos e alergênicos; exigir poucos tratos culturais; possuir caule e galhos resistentes; ser pouco suscetível ao ataque de cupins, brocas e agentes patogênicos. A escolha do porte das arvores é realizada em função da presença de redes de energia, água, efluentes e tamanho do passeio. Neste trabalho, analisou-se o potencial de espécies nativas para arborização urbana. A partir de levantamentos florísticos efetuados em florestas de restingas em municípios da planície costeira do extremo sul do Brasil, identificaram-se 61 espécies em 32 famílias. Desse universo, 36 são indicadas para arborização urbana. A distribuição do porte das espécies foi a seguinte: 6 de pequeno, 14 de médio e 16 de grande porte. Três dessas estão ameaçadas de extinção. Dentre as espécies excluídas por serem inadequadas à arborização, o impedimento mais frequente foi a presença de espinhos, látex ou resina.
Models of Distribution Business on the Amur Region Market
Authors: Ситникова Татьяна , Sitnikova Tatiana 
Published: January 2019

The current market trends and the wide variety of goods result in the need for different sales channels. Such channels can include from one to several intermediaries and differ in principle from the cost of use. As a result of modern information and communication technologies, new types of distribution models emerge, as well as new opportunities for the formation of this type of business in any remote territory, thereby expanding the market's boundaries.
The article considers the experience of forming and transitioning to various models of distribution business in the Amur region, depending on external and internal market conditions, while the distribution of the roles of market players will be of great importance in terms of the ability to penetrate the target market and the amount of profit or profit. The transition from one model to another is accompanied by the desire of companies to monitor the entire value chain of the final product, while various business may reduce transaction costs and scale down.
Finding the optimal version of the model will depend on many factors, such as: the relationship between investment and optimal specific assets; number of projects and average distribution costs; acceptable level of receivables.
Scoring Ligand Efficiency: Potency, Ligand Efficiency and Product Ligand Efficiency within Big Data Landscape
Authors: Polanski Jaroslaw , Pedrys Anna , Duszkiewicz Roksana , Gasteiger Johann 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Potency is the broadest available biological activity data type. In turn,
Ligand Efficiency (LE) is a molecular descriptor that probes the ratio of potency vs Heavy Atom
Count (HAC), which emphasizes low HAC more than potency and thus has drawbacks as an estimator
of drug candidates. The objective was to design a novel transform to probe potency and HAC
interaction in which potency and HAC would be balanced more evenly.

Methods:
In this study, potency data of ChEMBL, PubChem, FDA approvals and drug (fragments)
were analysed. A novel descriptor, a product of the pAC50 value with HAC, multiplicative or Product
Ligand Efficiency (PLE) was designed and tested.

Results:
In particular PLE was compared with pAC50 and LE vs the HAC statistics for different
series of ligands. This indicated that PLE is an informative estimator that can be used to recognize
the potential of drugs. PLE has a maximum value in the range around 30-50 HAC.

Conclusion:
Drug design is a complex problem. Similarly, to drug-likeness, LE prefers small molecules.
This makes LE a tool serendipitously improving drug likeness. In this context, LE performs
unexpectedly well even despite the uncertainty of its physical meaning. PLE is a more evenly balanced
estimator whose physical meaning is the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC).
Nutritional and Organoleptic Evaluation of Baked Products Incorporating Stabilized Rice Bran
Authors: Malik Swati , Saloni Shweta , Chauhan Komal 
Published: January 2019

Background:Rice bran, a byproduct of rice milling is a rich source of fiber, proteins, fats and micronutrients. There is an increasing demand for functional foods that can provide a variety of nutrients besides providing bioactives rendering therapeutic value thereby reducing the risk of chronic diseases.Methods:The study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical and in vitro antioxidative potential of stabilized rice bran powder [full-fat rice bran (FFRB) and defatted rice bran (DFRB)] in baked products. Three variants of each product viz. rusks and twisted sticks were prepared by incorporating FFRB and DFRB at 5%, 10% and 15% level along with the standard (control) without the addition of rice bran powder.Results:The results indicated that DFRB showed higher antioxidative potential and improved water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC) than FFRB. Proximate analysis revealed that the protein and ash content of the baked products improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with an increased level of incorporation of FFRB and DFRB as compared to control. The DPPH activity of DFRB (78.7 ± 0.46) was significantly higher than FFRB (35.5 ± 2.89). Sensory appraisal of the rusk revealed that variant I and II with 5% and 10% level of incorporation were more acceptable as compared to control. The sensory appraisal of twisted sticks revealed that all the three variants were equally acceptable as the control sample.Conclusion:The incorporation of full fat and defatted rice bran powders to baked products enhanced their nutritional profile and physicochemical characteristics without affecting the organoleptic properties.
In vitro Anti-HIV and Antimicrobial Activities of a Halogenated Monoterpene from a Namibian Plocamium Species of Marine Algae
Authors: Shiyanga Aina N. , Knott Michael , Kapewangolo Petrina 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The marine red alga Plocamium naturally produces halogenated monoterpenes
with varied biological activities. In our continuing efforts to discover new lead compounds for the
treatment of HIV/AIDS as well as novel antibacterial compounds, various Namibian Plocamium species
have been investigated.

Methods:
A rare but known compound namely 1E,3R,4S,5E,7Z-1-bromo-3,4,8-trichloro-7-
(dichloromethyl)-3-methylocta-1,5,7-triene (1) was isolated from a Namibian Plocamium red alga. The
anti-HIV activity of compound 1 was investigated against three HIV enzymes namely, HIV protease,
reverse transcriptase and integrase. In addition, compound 1 was also screened for antibacterial activity
against selected microbes using the disc diffusion method.

Results:
Compound 1 demonstrated selective in vitro inhibition against HIV-1 integrase with a 50%
inhibition concentration of <0.06 mM. Weak inhibitory activity was observed against HIV-1 reverse
transcriptase and protease. Compound 1 also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
aureus (ATCC 25923), Alcaligenes faecalis (ATCC 8750) and Serratia marcescens (ATCC 8100) with
MIC values of 0.65 mM, and 1.29 mM for Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 13883).

Conclusion:
The results of this study highlight the potential of halogenated monoterpenes from red
seaweed as possible leads in the development of new anti-HIV and antimicrobial pharmaceuticals.
Voltammetric Determination of Guaifenesin in Pharmaceuticals and Urine Samples Based on Poly(Bromocresol Purple) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Ağın Fatma 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:
The electro-oxidation behavior of expectorant drug Guaifenesin (GUF) was
studied on poly(bromocresol purple) modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) by Cyclic Voltammetry
(CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) methods.

Materials and Methods:
GCE was modified with electropolymerization of Bromocresol Purple (BP)
monomer for sensitive determination of GUF with voltammetric methods. The oxidation process of
GUF showed irreversible and diffusion controlled behavior. The linearity has been obtained in the
range from 1.00 × 10-7 to 2.00 × 10-5 M with the limit of detection 3.658 × 10-9 M for DPV in 0.1 M
phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 3.0.

Results and Conclusion:
Fully validated differential pulse voltammetry was successfully applied for the
determination of GUF in pharmaceutical dosage forms and urine samples obtained satisfying results.
Effective Removal of Mercury Ions in Aqueous Solutions: A Review
Authors: Hua Kang , Xu Xueliu , Luo Zhiping , Fang Dong , Bao Rui , Yi Jianhong 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Due to its high toxicity and bioaccumulation, the existence of mercury in
the environment is always a big threat to human beings. In order to control mercury pollution, scientists
have put great efforts in the past decades.

Methods:
Precipitation, adsorption, membrane separation, biological treatment and ion exchange are
reviewed as a remover for mercury removal. For each material type, we not only reported on the
removal mechanism, but also discussed the best areas for it. The correlation method and step-to-step
focusing method have been used for references.

Conclusion:
With the exploration and application of research, people have mastered a variety of
mature technologies for the treatment of mercury-containing wastewater. Using inexpensive adsorbents
is a cost-effective method for treating low concentrations of heavy metal wastewater. Ion exchange
with a fast removal rate has been widely used in the field of heavy metal removal from
wastewater. The biological treatment method can effectively treat low-concentration mercurycontaining
wastewater. However, there is still a need to develop novel mercury removers with high
capacity, fast removal rate, and low removal limit. Nanomaterials with a high specific surface area
on substrate with synergistic effects, such as high adsorption and ion exchange, are the future research
points.
Bioreactors Design, Types, Influencing Factors and Potential Application in Dentistry. A Literature Review
Authors: Malhotra Neeraj 
Published: January 2019

Objectives:A variety of bioreactors and related approaches have been applied to dental tissues as their use has become more essential in the field of regenerative dentistry and dental tissue engineering. The review discusses the various types of bioreactors and their potential application in dentistry.Methods:Review of the literature was conducted using keywords (and MeSH) like Bioreactor, Regenerative Dentistry, Fourth Factor, Stem Cells, etc., from the journals published in English. All the searched abstracts, published in indexed journals were read and reviewed to further refine the list of included articles. Based on the relevance of abstracts pertaining to the manuscript, full-text articles were assessed.Results:Bioreactors provide a prerequisite platform to create, test, and validate the biomaterials and techniques proposed for dental tissue regeneration. Flow perfusion, rotational, spinner-flask, strain and customize-combined bioreactors have been applied for the regeneration of bone, periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum, oral mucosa, temporomandibular joint and vascular tissues. Customized bioreactors can support cellular/biofilm growth as well as apply cyclic loading. Center of disease control & dip-flow biofilm-reactors and micro-bioreactor have been used to evaluate the biological properties of dental biomaterials, their performance assessment and interaction with biofilms. Few case reports have also applied the concept of in vivo bioreactor for the repair of musculoskeletal defects and used customdesigned bioreactor (Aastrom) to repair the defects of cleft-palate.Conclusions:Bioreactors provide a sterile simulated environment to support cellular differentiation for oro-dental regenerative applications. Also, bioreactors like, customized bioreactors for cyclic loading, biofilm reactors (CDC & drip-flow), and micro-bioreactor, can assess biological responses of dental biomaterials by simultaneously supporting cellular or biofilm growth and application of cyclic stresses.
The Prediction of Buckling Load of Laminated Composite Hat-Stiffened Panels Under Compressive Loading by Using of Neural Networks
Authors: Kumar Shashi , Kumar Rajesh , Mandal Sasankasekhar , Rahul Atul K. 
Published: January 2019

Background:Stiffened panels are being used as a lightweight structure in aerospace, marine engineering and retrofitting of building and bridge structure. In this paper, two efficient analytical computational tools, namely, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are used to analyze and compare the results of the laminated composite 750-hat-stiffened panels.Objective:Finite Element (FE) is an efficient and versatile method for the analysis of a complex problem. FE models have been used to generate data set of four different parameters. The four parameters are extensional stiffness ratio of skin in the longitudinal direction to the transverse direction, orthotropy ratio of the panel, the ratio of twisting stiffness to transverse flexural stiffness and smeared extensional stiffness ratio of stiffeners to that of the plate.Results and Conclusion:For training of ANN, multilayer feedforward back-propagation has been used as a network function with two-hidden layers in the neural network. The good network architecture is achieved after several iterations to predict the buckling load of the stiffened panel. ANN prediction for unknown new data set is in good agreement with FEA results of different cases, which show that ANN tool can be used for the design of complex structural problems in civil engineering and optimization of the laminated composite stiffened panel.
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Leflunomide in Egyptian Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: CLEAR Interim Results
Authors: El Sayed Adel , El-Monim Hilal Abd , Abogamal Ahmed , Labeeb Alaa , Abdel Hamid Amin , El Gerby Amira , Farouk Darwish Ayman , Sayed Omar Aziza , Abdel Mohsen Dahlia , Faiez Dalia , Abda Essan A M , A. Elshabacy Fatemah , Tayel Manal , Elwakd Mohamed , Mortada Mohamed , H.Elshahaly Mohsen , Mohannad Nevine , A. Kader Raga , Hassan S. Z. , A. Elbakry Samah , Refaat Sherif 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Worldwide, leflunomide is a commonly used Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs). It can be used as a monotherapy or in combination with other DMARDs to inhibit the production of inflammatory cells and accordingly reduce inflammation.

Objectives:
CLEAR is a multi-centric study that aims to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of leflunomide as first-line and/or add-on therapy to other DMARDs with or without steroids in Egyptian patients with active Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

Methods:
Egyptian patients with active RA for whom leflunomide was prescribed at physicians’ discretion were observed for 12 weeks. Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) score, and Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score were acquired thrice during this period. This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03599986).

Results:
Interim analysis of the data collected from 337 patients (in 21 centers) showed a statistically significant decrease in the mean total CDAI score throughout the first 12 weeks of treatment (p<0.001); as the mean ±SD score decreased from 36.60 ±14.90 at baseline to reach 16.16 ±9.84 at week 12 (% reduction: 61.16 ±14.36). A statistically significant decrease (p<0.001) was also observed in HAQ-DI, as the mean ±SD score decreased from 1.46 ±0.69 at baseline to reach 0.67 ±0.54 at week 12 (% reduction: 56.11 ±27.59).

Conclusion:
Results of the interim analysis suggest that treatment of Egyptian patients with active RA with leflunomide (as first-line and/or add-on therapy to other DMARDs with or without steroids) for 12 weeks may be effective in terms of CDAI score and HAQ-DI score reduction and may offer an alternative for patients who experienced resistance, inadequate response or intolerance to other DMARDs.