bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Selected Tram Transport Risks
Authors: Budzynski Marcin , Tubis Agnieszka , Jamroz Kazimierz 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the area of transport infrastructure risks, infrastructure is inspected for safety. It is an element of transport safety management based on risk management and forms part of preventative activities and measures. As regards tram infrastructure which is a component of urban transport infrastructure, there are potential collisions with cars, cyclists and pedestrians. Data from Gdansk Buses and Trams (GAiT) shows that between 2012 and 2016 on average there were about 650 incidents involving trams (collisions and accidents). The objective of inspection will be to identify sources of hazards which may lead to tram accidents or indirectly when tram infrastructure may contribute to accidents not involving trams. The objective of the work is to identify the risks to urban public transport operation with a special focus on trams and to formulate recommendations on how to improve its quality and safety.
Risks to Older People in Road Traffic
Authors: Budzynski Marcin , Tubis Agnieszka 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Demographic forecasts show that by 2050 about 25% of Europe’s population will be 65 or older. Ageing society translates into older people using roads. An increasing number of older people are drivers, cyclists and pedestrians representing a potential increase in accident risk due to functional limitations. The article looks at road traffic risks and main trends from the perspective of older road users (drivers, cyclists, pedestrians). With a longer time to react, poor eyesight and hearing, impaired mobility, ill health and medication, older road users are put at risk. A comprehensive and pro-active strategy is needed to deal with these risk factors and meet the safety and mobility needs of older people in the (nearest) future. The strategy should focus on assessing the main trends and identifying the road traffic risks for older road users. It should also aim to implement treatments such as ITS and change how road infrastructure is designed today. The objective of the work is to identify the risks to older people in road traffic and develop recommendations on ways to improve the safety of this age group. A study of the literature helped to identify the risk factors faced by older road users. Statistical analyses were used to define the trends, causes and circumstances of accidents involving this age group in the EU and in Poland compared to the EU. The article identifies risks and classifies them for older drivers, pedestrians and cyclists. Needs for universal road infrastructure design are identified (to ensure full accessibility for all age groups, including older people and people with disabilities) and ITS treatments are formulated. EU data shows that about 44% of all pedestrian fatalities are people aged 65 and older. This highlights the seriousness of the problem. With an increasing share of this age group in society and a lack of road treatments to improve the situation, the statistics may deteriorate even further. In Poland drivers aged 65 and older have caused 10% of all accidents involving 14% of all fatalities. Pedestrians in this age group have caused 6% of fatality accidents. The article defines and classifies risk factors in three groups: growing exposure to risk, growing accident risk (factors involving the user directly such as behaviour, illness, functional limitations) and growing accident severity (fatality and serious injury accidents).
The Influence of Air Heating and Lighting on the Comfort Conditions in NZEB Buildings’ Rooms
Authors: Fedorczak-Cisak Malgorzata , Furtak Marcin , Szmelter Aleksandra , Dechnik Miroslaw 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Near zero energy buildings (NZEB) and passive buildings are designed to minimize the energy consumption. The building’s “almost zero energy demand” standard, which will be in force in Europe from 2021, additionally imposes an obligation on buildings to use the energy from renewable sources. It should be remembered that in addition to the applicable criteria for NZEB buildings, the comfort of use of the rooms is equally important. The development of low-energy buildings resulted in new products and technologies on the construction and installation materials market. Radiator heating is increasingly being abandoned for surface or air heating. In the lighting industry, which also generates the energy consumption, products based on LED technology are developing. Both new heating and lighting systems have a very large impact on the comfort of using NZEB buildings. In this article, the Authors will present the results of “in situ” research regarding the feeling of comfort in an office space heated using fan coil units. The ventilation system also influences the feeling of comfort. The location of the ventilators in the room and the stream of supply air may cause discomfort. The authors will check the comfort conditions in different places of the room, including the propagation of the air stream. Additionally, the Authors will determine the minimum operating temperature of work comfort in the tested room, with the air heating. The second research task of this article will be to determine the visual comfort of people, when using recommended illuminance. The aim of the article is to answer the question of how to design workplaces in an air-heated room and how to design lighting to optimize the work comfort and energy consumption. The conclusions from the article will allow formulating the principles for the design of NZEB buildings.
Life Cycle Assessment as a Tool for Low Waste Building Systems, Case Study Building External Wall
Authors: Androsevic Renata , Brocato Maurizio , Bijedic Dzenana , Rustempasic Nerman 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is defined as decision making method for buildings from “cradle to grave”. Considering the fact that the construction industry produces 38% of total waste and 40% of total CO2 emissions and uses 50% of all natural resources, according to EIB 2015, the building industry has to change this way of thinking to the concept “cradle to cradle”. According to European Commission (Directive 2008/98/EC 2008), the first and preferred option is waste prevention and the second option are other types of recovery. The waste should be prevented in the design phase and LCA should help a lot in this stage. The main goal of this paper is to show how the LCA can be used as a tool in design phase to help decision process in building design of one of the building systems and make that part circular and, if possible, without waste. External wall, as one of the systems of a building, is taken as case study in its different materialization to show LCA use in the construction waste elimination in building practice. The external wall is the system of a building which is the most exposed to external factors, as weather conditions and human. Very often, the wall is damaged before other systems of a building. Hence the design and building of external walls that produce less waste, is a huge step in construction waste management. The LCA software is used to compare two chosen case studies. The first one is prefabricated wooden wall for low energy houses. The second one is the wooden wall made for Green Design Centre in Mostar in 2018. The first results show that in the second case study, the wall made for reversible and transformable building, and designed according to circular building principles, has better chances to last longer, and produce less waste during its transformations and aging. The paper shows main principles for designing the low waste wooden walls and also some remarks how to upgrade the software to be more helpful in the design phase of the wall systems.
Teaching Drawing, Painting and Sculpture at the Faculty of Architecture of the Warsaw University of Technology, classics and modernity
Authors: Orzechowski Miroslaw 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Teaching art disciplines at architectural universities goes back to the nineteenth-century academic art of Art schools. This also applies to the Faculty of Architecture at the Warsaw University of Technology. The fact of establishing a research and a teaching team teaching arts disciplines at WAPW, simultaneously with the University’s establishment, is important for the identity of the Warsaw School of Architecture. Teaching the drawing and artistic disciplines underwent further changes from 1915 to the present. At that time, the school acquired a specific character; it became recognizable thanks to the elaboration of its own unique style of the architectural drawing and views expressed by its representatives regarding drawing and teaching of architecture. From the very beginning, the school appealed to the classics and for many years preserved traditional didactic methods. Moved to the present day, artistic academicism has undergone a thorough transformation in recent years thanks to a change in the approach to didactics and redefining of the understanding of the most important feature of the drawing. The change of understanding of the meaning of drawing in the educational process from primary school to academic level requires teachers and students to change the perception of the essence of a drawing activity. This is not an easy process because the common understanding of drawing reduces it to the area of aesthetics. Meanwhile, a freehand drawing made by the nature fulfills a fundamental role in the process of developing and shaping an independent creative personality. It is probably the most important skill alongside reading and writing. Acquainting and promoting the meaning of a freehand drawing is a task and a challenge for the current School of Drawing at WAPW. An indication of the essence of a drawing activity as a method that harnesses the processes of reasoning and information processing of an independent drawing record seems to be an innovative look at the drawing and its role in creating culture and civilization. We are therefore facing the task of defining drawing anew and rebuilding of proper artistic education based on a hand drawing from the nature.
Poetical Intrinsic Consciousness in Contemporary Cultural Architecture
Authors: Hapenciuc Alma-Dia , Andreea Banescu Oana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The intangible is one of the most thought about fundamental architectural themes, but unlike visible, palpable topics relying on function, structure or materials, the ineffable presence only sometimes generated by architectural space will always be a collective informational void that can only be holistically explored through theories and visions of poetics, psychology, literature, history, etc. The justification of architecture itself, its spatial consciousness, its temporality, its integrity and its presence can become - only in profoundly authentic and sincere spaces - the native language of architecture itself, beyond the aesthetic, structural, functional, material, environmental or light vocabulary, eventually generating together with them, the very life of a building. This, experimented by the human factor, as a product of the interaction of the aforementioned dynamics, can create an architectural experience, beyond a building. From Antiquity until today, sight has been considered the noblest of senses - from expressing certainty to the correlation with primary elements (fire, light, etc.), to symbolic form, approximating the intellect, the metaphorical, the immaterial. Given that man has therefore transcended the visual through a synesthetic collaboration between all senses and emotion or imagination, we are interested in experimenting spaces that use and exploit numerous senses, as well as their actual inner void and intrinsic spatial consciousness. We aim to use the analysis and a personal research project in order to generate a theoretical equation or an expression of dialogue between theoretical spatial poetry and the actual practice in contemporary spaces. In the current evolutionary context that has an explosive crescendo on excessive information, the ever-increasing technology and the pressure of constant innovation, only some of the contemporary functions manage to create spaces that go beyond the visual, through the cumulus of senses, in a dimension in which architecture speaks without words, transforming itself into lyricism and nurturing an inner space of feeling and poetry. Therefore, mostly spaces of meditation and cultural reflexion, remembrance and historical representation, which shelter individual and collective emotions, artistic expressions, creations and beliefs can breed intrinsic spatial and temporal identity. The personal knowledge, acquired by previously designing an interactive experience museum, has generated a strong background in analysing the features and accordingly creating immaterial, poetical space of experimentation and dialogue between the users / visitors and the desired cultural references. Thus, it will be essential in finding the optimal means to obtain an architectural equation or expression in which theory, lyricism, ambient poetry, practice and technology compliment themselves in a harmonious and efficient manner.
Data Collection Methodology to Assess Road Pavement Condition Using GNSS, Video Image and GIS
Authors: Santos Bertha , Almeida Pedro G. , Maganinho Leonor 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Traffic loads, along with the environment, damage pavement over time. The degradation of pavement quality is reflected in the development of a diversity of pavement distresses, such as cracking, deformation or deterioration. These distresses may occur on the surface and/or in the pavement structure, having a determinant role in pavement’s quality. Aiming to increase the degree of reliability of the pavement distress data and reduce pavement observation time and visual inspection operations cost, this work presents the main steps proposed for a methodology to observe, record and evaluate flexible road pavement distresses to assess the quality of road pavements. This methodology is based on an in-vehicle inspection using GNSS and video image capture devices and in the use of Geographic Information System (GIS). Validation of the proposed methodology was made through a case study by comparing the results obtained on the in-vehicle inspection to those from a traditional visual inspection performed on foot. The similarity of results obtained by the two approaches allowed to conclude about the feasibility of the proposed methodology. Among the main advantages of the proposed methodology a highlight is on the possibility to identify, quantify and locate the most severe pavement distresses through the use of spatial tools available on GIS, producing information maps and reports that can be used in the decision-making process about road pavements rehabilitation and conservation.
A museological approach of an urban project: Parisian cultural institutions as urban actors
Authors: Mosquera-Perez Clara , Mosquera-Adell Eduardo , Navarro-dePablos Javier 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Considering the most recent contemporary historical, geographical and social displacements of the places of power have been taken into consideration through the role of the culture and arts on them. The aim of this research is to examine, from the perspective of the urban historiography of Paris, an analyse of the trajectory and transformation of the city by the means of its museums’ institutions. Paris has suffered from important processes of acceleration and changes to become the contemporary capital that it is nowadays. The city counts with the precedent of its great Haussmannian transformation into a modern city and the historical three concentric growth of its city walls perimeter and the later succession of up to six international exhibitions (between 1855 and 1937). However, after the impasse produced by the two war periods, a new urban and political project - still present in our days - was built up based on the cultural institutions. Great new cultural infrastructures were designed for expecting areas and terrain vagues, most of them with a proved level of change, at the Seine riverbanks. They follow the Louvre museum historic model of implantation. Meanwhile, the historical inner Marais district experimented a deep restoration and a reuse process, with cultural institutions as the main actors. Even more, Beaubourg void was pointed as an opportunity for a decisive change for the whole city. Cultural insertions of the opportunity spaces beside the river have definitely established Paris as a top rank cultural destination. Heading the cultural tourism rates at a global level, its historical heart - The City Island, nowadays being under research conducted by the French architect Dominique Perrault, with the horizon of a 25-years renovation project, the Right Bank (with the French Cinematheque, the Arsenal Pavilion, Louvre Museum, Decorative Arts Museum, The Orangerie, The Grand Palais, The Palais of Tokyo and the Palais of Chaillot) and the Left Bank (counting with the French National Library, The Arab World Institute, the Orsay Museum, the Invalids Hospital, Quay Branly Museum and the Eiffel Tower), sum up to the most relevant museums’ institutions and exhibition spaces of the city. Thus, the research will deepen in the urban strategy for the choice of the museums and cultural institutions as the decisive architectural actors for the renewal of the Parisian urban landscape. The role of their architectures, intimately associated with their performing use, will be critically examined.
Sustainability in Interior Design: Interdisciplinary Research Used for Exploring Relation between Built Environment and Human
Authors: Kotradyova Veronika 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper presents achievements and results in the projects based on the Platform of BCDlab (Body Conscious Design laboratory) and the Institute of Interior and exhibition design of Faculty of Architecture, related to sustainability. The studies are related to the collection of 11 features of a supportive environment for the contemporary human – “cultural animal”. These postulated have been generated during the last years of the research or relation between the human and its natural and built environment in BCDlab. Each postulate is illustrated with some of its design outputs. The presence or lack of the supportive environment has an impact on the contemporary behaviour, well-being, social and interpersonal interactions and in a long-term interaction also on the personal and environmental integrity, belonging to the community and local culture and especially to the public health. There is also an evidence of interrelation to the sustainability approach, the paper presence studies that are emphasising the importance of the material choice by the spatial design, the role of local growth materials in its authentic and truthful form and surface.
Studying Specific Features of the Monolithic Construction Technology Based on Systemic Analysis
Authors: Topchiy Dmitriy , Bolotova Alina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A scientific study was conducted, the main goal of which is to improve the quality of the monolithic construction by grouping and systematizing the main characteristics of the monolithic construction technology, especially those that affect its safety and quality, as well as identifying the most important and unresolved problems affecting the security of monolithic reinforced concrete buildings and structures using systems analysis. To systematize the monitored quality indicators, a decision tree was developed. Based on the quality monitoring the construction sites, a grouping was carried out according to the nature of the violations and a chart was constructed showing the distribution of violations identified during the construction control of the construction organizations. The research and analysis of the scientific support of construction sites show that it is possible to obtain reliable results during quality control only by using several methods at the same time. Apart from that, the issue of choosing a method for testing concrete in the winter conditions still remains relevant. Even with a large number of papers being devoted to this issue, it needs a further research. The conducted system analysis showed that the main cause of defects in thr buildings and structures is the inability to provide the necessary characteristics of concrete both during the preparation of the concrete mix and during the construction phase of the finished monolithic structure. The research results allowed: to note the effect of production control on the quality properties of monolithic structures; identified the main causes of defects in buildings and structures at each stage of the monolithic construction, identified and justified the need to develop recommendations and experimental studies to improve production operations, including non-destructive testing methods for the strength of the monolithic structures.
Visitors Voice in Historic Sites Interpretation Centres in Bahrain
Authors: Al-Saffar May , Anissa Tabet Aoul Kheira 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Throughout the past decade, a number of site interpretation centres, such as site museums, visitor centres, site exhibits, have grown in Bahrain, a country that is seeking international recognition through culture. This specific typology of museums intends to explain the nearby historical site through the use of multiple interpretation strategies. Understanding the visitors’ expectations is an important component in the success of cultural institutions. Exploring the components of a visitor experience and expectations within site interpretation centres has, so far, received limited attention. Hence, this research intends to analyse the visitors’ experience and expectations in a specific site interpretation centre in Bahrain: Qalat al Bahrain Site Museum. The visitor’s experience and expectations were assessed through two streams of feedbacks. First, an analysis of the comments recorded on the visitors’ book. These comments addressed the visitors’ reflections, expectations, experiences, and the type of activities undertaken within the premises. Second, the online TripAdvisor from 169 valid returns, 200 TripAdvisor comments and an overview of the visitors’ written comments, different types of emotional and spiritual experience expectations were extracted for further analysis… In parallel, this research analysed visitors’ behaviour through observation inclusive of different timings during the day and during the year to understand the impact of climatic condition on the visitors’ experience and expectations for validation purposes. Finally, some related scholarship discussions and suggestions were proposed based on visitors voice and reflection underlining the reasons why people choose to visit site interpretation centres with reference to personal and social demands.
Loads in Rope Access System when Working at Heights
Authors: Korolchenko Dmitry A. , Thanh Pham Nam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The statistics of injuries in Russian Federation put accidents in heightworks in the first place. Heightworks using rope access (RA) are considered. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety margin of RA anchors when used by specialists for increasing the safety of heightworks. The values of peak loads arising in the anchor during ascending using the two rope clamps technique and when descending using descender are determined. The empirical results of loads in the RA are presented to increase the competence of safety specialists when working at heights. The results showed that the loads in the RA can reach up to 544% of the load created by a specialist in a static position. The loads upon the point exceeded the worker’s weight by 5.44 times due to the dynamic nature of the impact of the displacement technique. The values of peak forces at anchor points obtained when performing work using RA should be taken into account by high rise work safety specialists, when drawing up work and rescue plans, planning the method of performing work in rope access systems.