bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of newly developed sleeve‐designed templates for insertion of dental implants: A prospective multicenters clinical trial
Authors: Tallarico Marco , Kim Yong‐Jin , Cocchi Fabio , Martinolli Matteo , Meloni Silvio Mario 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe insertion of dental implants by means of computer‐assisted template‐based surgery is an established method.PurposeTo investigate the accuracy of a newly developed sleeve‐designed template and to evaluate differences between maxillary and mandibular implants as well as anterior versus posterior area.Materials and MethodsAny partially edentulous patients requiring at least one implant to be planned on three‐dimensional cone beam computed tomography scan, according to a computer‐assisted template‐based protocol, were consecutively enrolled at two centers. Any potential implant position was considered eligible for the present trial. Outcome measures were: implant failure, complications, and accuracy.ResultsA total of 39 patients with 119 implants were evaluated. No patients dropped out during the study period (mean follow‐up 12.4 ± 7.1 months). Three implants failed at centre two, whereas, one complication was experienced at centre one (limited access in posterior area). Differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). The mean deviations were 0.53 ± 0.46 mm (range 0.05‐3.38 mm; 95% CI 0.32‐0.48 mm) in the horizontal plan (mesio‐distal); 0.42 ± 0.37 mm (range 0.0‐1.53 mm; 95% CI 0.26‐0.40 mm) in the vertical plan (apico‐coronal); and 1.43 ± 1.98° (range 0.03‐11.8°; 95% CI 0.31‐1.01°) in angle. Differences between centers were compared using the nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U test (P > .05). More accurate results were found for anterior implants in both horizontal plan and angle.ConclusionThis study showed good precision in all the parameters measured. The results were thus in a range equal to or better than the mean precision found in numerous clinical trials described in the literature. Posterior implants were less accurate because of the use of open sleeves template.
Prospective randomized controlled clinical trial to compare hard tissue changes following socket preservation using alloplasts, xenografts vs no grafting: Clinical and histological findings
Authors: Machtei Eli E. , Mayer Yaniv , Horwitz Jacob , Zigdon‐Giladi Hadar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeTo compare dimensional changes and bone quality of two different grafting materials used for socket preservation.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three patients requiring extraction were recruited and randomly assigned to receive: biphasic calcium sulfate/ hydroxyapatite (BCS/HA); bovine derived xenograft (BDX) or no grafting (Control). Ridge width (at −3 and −6 mm) and vertical distance from a stent were measured at the time of extraction/grafting. Measurements were repeated at reentry and core biopsies were harvested.ResultsBaseline vertical distance for the BDX, C and BCS/HA groups were 7.45 ± 3.1, 7.69 ± 4.2, and 6.75 ± 3.5 mm, respectively (P = .830). Post‐op, C group had greater vertical loss (1.71 ± 0.4 mm) compared to BCS/HA (0.65 ± 0.5) and BDX (0.25 ± 0.2 mm), P = .059. Mean baseline width at −3 mm was 8.69 ± 1.1 mm, 8.31 ± 1.4 mm, and 9.0 ± 1.1 mm, respectively (P = .509). Post‐op, this width was reduced by 2.96 ± 0.3 mm (C), 1.56 ± 0.4 mm (BDX), and 0.5 ± 0.4 mm (BCS/HA), P = .001. Mean ridge width at −6 mm for the C (6.5 ± 1.7 mm) was significantly smaller than BCS/HA (7.95 ± 2.8 mm) and BDX (8.85 ± 1.9 mm), P = .043. Histologically, the BDX group had greater residual scaffold material and less vital bone compared to the BCS/HA group. Pain scores were relatively low for all groups.ConclusionsBCS/HA may be used for socket preservation with similar or better results compared to BDX. The significance of greater residual scaffold found in the BDX group is yet to be determined.
S2k Guidelines for Cutaneous Basal Cell Carcinoma – Part 1: Epidemiology, Genetics and Diagnosis
Authors: Lang Berenice M. , Balermpas Panagiotis , Bauer Andrea , Blum Andreas , Brölsch G. Felix , Dirschka Thomas , Follmann Markus , Frank Jorge , Frerich Bernhard , Fritz Klaus , Hauschild Axel , Heindl Ludwig M. , Howaldt Hans‐Peter , Ihrler Stephan , Kakkassery Vinodh , Klumpp Bernhard , Krause‐Bergmann Albrecht , Löser Christoph , Meissner Markus , Sachse Michael M. , Schlaak Max , Schön Michael P. , Tischendorf Lutz , Tronnier Michael , Vordermark Dirk , Welzel Julia , Weichenthal Michael , Wiegand Susanne , Kaufmann Roland , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBasal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor among fair‐skinned individuals, and its incidence has been rising steadily in the past decades. In order to maintain the highest quality of patient care possible, the German S2k guidelines were updated following a systematic literature search and with the participation of all professional societies and associations involved in the management of the disease. Part 1 highlights new developments in genetics in particular as well as aspects regarding epidemiology, diagnosis, and histology.
Screening for intellectual disability with the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Screening Questionnaire: a modified Delphi approach
Authors: Mckenzie Karen , Murray George , Murray Aja , Martin Rachel , Tanfield Yasmin , Delahunty Lauren , Hutton Linda , Murray Kara R , O'hare Anne 
Published: December 2018

AimTo develop a consensus framework to evaluate the impact of screening for intellectual disability, using the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire (CAIDS‐Q) in paediatric neurodevelopment clinics.MethodA modified Delphi survey with four phases (literature review; initial development of framework [participants=11 parents, 8 professionals]; qualitative interviews [participants=4 parents, 15 professionals]; questionnaire development [participants=31 parents, 14 professionals] was used to develop the consensus framework. The framework was used to evaluate the impact of screening on six paediatricians and 31 parents of children who had participated in a previous paediatric screening project.ResultsTwelve of the original 20 items were retained based on levels of endorsement of 60 per cent or above. Direct benefits of using the CAIDS‐Q were: indicating the child's level of functioning, increasing awareness of intellectual disability, helping to identify children with intellectual disability, and identifying potentially vulnerable children. Benefits related to subsequent diagnostic assessment were: promoting greater understanding of the child, identification of support needs, and receipt of support, particularly for the child at school.InterpretationThe use of the CAIDS‐Q had a number of direct and indirect benefits for children, families, and services as reported by parents and paediatricians.What this paper adds

A 12‐item framework was developed to evaluate the impact of screening for intellectual disability.

Direct benefits of the Child and Adolescent Intellectual Disability Screening Questionnaire include increasing awareness and identification of intellectual disability.

Indirect benefits included increased identification of support needs and receipt of support.
Analysing local perceptions of post‐conflict and post‐floods livelihood interventions in Swat, Pakistan
Authors: Saeed Khan Kashif 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Swat valley in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province was affected by a protracted conflict and super flood between 2007 and 2010. This article explores local perceptions of the Swat response, which presented complex challenges for rehabilitation and livelihood recovery of affected communities. This study examines local perceptions of how non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) and government response addressed livelihood revival needs, considers questions relating to the nature and dynamics of the conflict and floods and reflects on the issues and lessons of post‐disaster relief and development. The qualitative case study was conducted between September 2010 and February 2011. Primary data were collected in 11 villages and localities from beneficiaries and non‐beneficiaries, government representatives, community leaders and programme officials involved in livelihood interventions. This article identifies the shortcomings associated with the targeted response, as well as the types of response offered in the form of beneficiary selection and elite co‐opting of aid. The response was affected by a lack of relief, recovery and development programme co‐ordination, weak institutional support and non‐prioritization of local needs. The article recommends that for effective development policy and practice, local ownership of response and recovery programmes needs to be promoted.
A histopathologic schema to quantify the burden of cardiac amyloidosis: Relationship with survival and echocardiographic parameters
Authors: Mehta Priya , Chapel David B. , Goyal Neha , Yu Dong Bo , Mor‐Avi Victor , Narang Akhil , Addetia Karima , Sarswat Nitasha , Lang Roberto M. , Husain Aliya N. , Patel Amit R. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundDespite routine use of echocardiographic parameters to evaluate the severity of cardiac amyloidosis (CA), this methodology has not been well validated. We developed a histopathologic schema for quantifying CA burden and evaluated its relationship with clinical outcomes. Additionally, echocardiographic parameters were tested as potential noninvasive indices of CA burden.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 59 patients with CA (17 light chain, 42 transthyretin) who underwent endomyocardial biopsies. Light microscopy with staining was used to categorize CA burden as mild‐to‐moderate (<50%) or high (≥50%). Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was performed for the two groups. In 34 patients with good‐quality echocardiograms, we measured left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction (EF), interventricular septal thickness (IVSt), posterior wall thickness (PWt), LV mass, lateral e′‐velocity, and global longitudinal strain (GLS). These parameters were compared between the two groups.ResultsThirty‐five patients had mild‐to‐moderate and 24 severe amyloid burden. Kaplan‐Meier curves demonstrated a trend toward worse mortality with high CA burden, which was more common and associated with higher mortality specifically in transthyretin‐type patients. Echocardiography‐derived IVSt, PWt, and LV mass were directly related to CA burden, while LV EF, e′‐velocity, and GLS magnitude were inversely related to CA burden.ConclusionsOur findings provided a signal that CA burden is a clinically important entity with potentially valuable prognostic information. Echocardiographic parameters of LV anatomy and function correlate with histopathologic burden of CA, which is inversely related to survival. Further studies are needed to determine whether these parameters could be used as imaging biomarkers of treatment‐related changes in CA burden.
The mating systems of three species of minute pirate bug, Orius sauteri, O. minutus, and O. strigicollis
Authors: Arakawa Toru , Taniai Kiyoko , Maeda Taro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe compared the mating systems and genital morphology of three Orius species dominant in Japan: Orius sauteri (Poppius), Orius minutus (L.), and Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae). In all three species, the males were polygamous and could inseminate at least three females at a rate of one female per day. Compared to the other two species, the O. minutus males had a lower rate of success in three consecutive mating orders. The mated females laid the same number of eggs irrespective of mating sequence. Orius minutus and O. strigicollis females were found to be monandrous, and they re‐mated with another male only when the 1st mating failed. In contrast, O. sauteri females were polyandrous and accepted a 2nd male even when the 1st mating was successful. Multiple mating with a single male did not increase their fecundity, and it decreased the hatching success of eggs. Mating with multiple males did not affect the fecundity or hatching success. Our scanning electron microscopy observation suggested that the genitalia of O. minutus and O. strigicollis were more similar in shape. The similarities in mating system and morphology between O. minutus and O. strigicollis support a close phylogenetic relationship.
The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with chronic renal insufficiency: A review of the literature
Authors: Weber Jacob , Olyaei Ali , Shatzel Joseph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDirect oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been shown to be superior to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in regards to safety and efficacy in numerous clinical trials and are now the preferred oral anticoagulant by multiple professional societies. However, patients with significant levels of organ dysfunction were excluded from all major clinical trials, leaving the clinical benefit in these subsets uncertain. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) specifically often require anticoagulation for acute or long‐term indications such as venous thromboembolism, atrial fibrillation, or mechanical heart valves. The efficacy and safety of anticoagulation in patients with renal failure is less certain, however, particularly with DOACs which have altered pharmacokinetics in patients with renal failure and limited observational data on their use in this population. In this review, we compile the most up to date data on the DOAC use in patients with CKD. DOAC use in patients with ESRD and advanced CKD is increasing despite the presence of a clear benefit, and with the potential for increased risk of bleeding compared to warfarin. Apixaban has the greatest amount of outcomes research supporting its use over warfarin in this patient population; however, further research on DOAC safety and efficacy in those with advanced CKD is still needed.
Merleau‐Ponty and the significance of style
Authors: Inkpin Andrew 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA distinctive feature of Merleau‐Ponty's thought is the central role he assigns style in generally characterizing embodied agents' perceptual and cognitive functioning. Despite this, he says little to explain how he conceives style itself. This article therefore aims to clarify Merleau‐Ponty's notion of style and its significance within and beyond his work. It begins by surveying his broad application of the term and using his discussions of painting to reconstruct his conception of style, identifying two major roles Merleau‐Ponty attributes it in unifying intentional structures and founding conceptual meaning. His view is related to several competing philosophical conceptions of style to highlight its distinctiveness and some conceptual difficulties in adequately defining style. I then argue that Merleau‐Ponty succeeds in coherently distinguishing style from rules by recognizing that style conceives pattern formation, especially the relation of general and particular, in a way contrasting with the identity‐based thinking inherent in the functioning of rules. With this distinction, I conclude that, although Merleau‐Ponty overgeneralizes its role, his conception of style has broader philosophical significance in accurately capturing the nonmechanical cohesion of certain embodied intelligent activities (such as painting) and enabling better understanding of the variety of forms such activities can take.
Approach velocity and impingement duration influences the mortality of juvenile Golden Perch (Macquaria ambigua) at a fish exclusion screen
Authors: Stocks Jerom R. , Walsh Chris T. , Rodgers Michael P. , Boys Craig A. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryGlobally, the extraction and diversion of water from river systems has had substantial impacts on aquatic ecosystem health and ecological processes. One such impact is the entrainment of fish at pump offtakes that can result in vast quantities of fish being permanently removed from rivers. Exclusion screens to prevent fish entrainment at pump offtakes are therefore an important management consideration. In this study, impingement and subsequent injury and mortality of a juvenile freshwater perciform, Golden Perch (Macquaria ambigua), was assessed in the laboratory using a simulated fish exclusion screen under a range of velocities and impingement durations. A 2 mm wedge‐wire screen eliminated the entrainment of 44‐day‐old Golden Perch that were exposed to approach velocities between 0.05 and 0.3 m/s. However, impingement rates of Golden Perch increased significantly with increased approach velocities and rates of injury and mortality increased with impingement duration. Results from this study indicate the primary mechanisms to reduce fish loss at pump offtakes are to design pump offtakes, fitted with fish exclusion screens, which limit approach velocities or impingement duration. Further studies are required to examine a range of species with varying swimming ability at early life‐history stages. Such data will contribute to the growing body of knowledge that supports adaptive management plans to prevent fish loss at water offtake pumps.
Perceptions of Nonresident Father Involvement Among Low‐Income Youth and Their Single Parents
Authors: Arditti Joyce A. , Molloy Sonia , Spiers Sara , Johnson Elizabeth I. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveTo examine sources of theoretical variation in youth and caregiver perceptions of nonresident father involvement.BackgroundRelationship complexity and environmental factors can result in complicated trajectories of father involvement. We examined both caregiver and youth perceptions of nonresident father–child relationships among low‐income, single‐parent families that were often affected by paternal incarceration.MethodThe present study drew from a sample of families served by a Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) program in a metropolitan region of a Mid‐Atlantic state. In‐depth interviews with 27 caregivers and their 33 children were the basis of a qualitative analysis.ResultsFindings revealed 4 typologies of perceived father involvement: disengaged, sporadic, encouraged, and engaged. Description was thickest regarding the complexities paternal incarceration posed for nonresident fathers' relationships with children and caregivers' attempts to mediate between children and fathers.ConclusionNarratives about nonresident fathers were situated within complicated ecologies of environmental press such as incarceration, geographic separation, and relationship quality challenges that changed as families adapted to new realities and shifts in kin networks. Maternal mediation between children and their fathers was not a simple judgment and driven by real concerns about children's well‐being in highly stigmatized environments or older youths' contact preferences.ImplicationsCaregivers' concerns about children's fathers need to be understood as part of any programmatic efforts aimed at enhancing coparenting in nonresident‐father families. Families with encouraged forms of nonresident‐father involvement might be particularly receptive to intervention aimed at facilitating positive father–child relationships.
Can environmental flows moderate riparian invasions? The influence of seedling morphology and density on scour losses in experimental floods
Authors: Kui Li , Stella John C. , Diehl Rebecca M. , Wilcox Andrew C. , Lightbody Anne , Sklar Leonard S. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Environmental flow releases are an effective tool to meet multiple management objectives, including maintaining river conveyance, restoring naturally functioning riparian plant communities, and controlling invasive species. In this context, predicting plant mortality during floods remains a key area of uncertainty for both river managers and ecologists, particularly with respect to how flood hydraulics and sediment dynamics interact with the plants’ own traits to influence their vulnerability to scour and burial.

To understand these processes better, we conducted flume experiments to quantify different plant species’ vulnerability to flooding across a range of plant sizes, patch densities, and sediment condition (equilibrium transport versus sediment deficit), using sand‐bed rivers in the U.S. southwest as our reference system. We ran 10 experimental floods in a 0.6 m wide flume using live seedlings of cottonwood and tamarisk, which have contrasting morphologies.

Sediment supply, plant morphology, and patch composition all had significant impacts on plant vulnerability during floods. Floods under sediment deficit conditions, which typically occur downstream of dams, resulted in bed degradation and a 35% greater risk of plant loss compared to equilibrium sediment conditions. Plants in sparse patches dislodged five times more frequently than in dense patches. Tamarisk plants and patches had greater frontal area, larger basal diameter, longer roots, and lower crown position compared to cottonwood across all seedling heights. These traits were associated with a 75% reduction in tamarisk seedlings’ vulnerability to scour compared to cottonwood.

Synthesis and applications. Tamarisk's greater survivability helps to explain its vigorous establishment and persistence on regulated rivers where flood magnitudes have been reduced. Furthermore, its documented influence on hydraulics, sediment deposition, and scour patterns in flumes is amplified at larger scales in strongly altered river channels where it has broadly invaded. Efforts to remove riparian vegetation using flow releases to maintain open floodways and/or control the spread of non‐native species will need to consider the target plants’ size, density, and species‐specific traits, in addition to the balance of sediment transport capacity and supply in the river system.
Soil greenhouse gas, carbon content, and tree growth response to biochar amendment in western United States forests
Authors: Sarauer Jessica L. , Page‐Dumroese Deborah S. , Coleman Mark D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRestoring overstocked forests by thinning and pyrolyzing residual biomass produces biochar and other value‐added products. Forest soils amended with biochar have potential to sequester carbon (C), improve soil quality, and alter greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions without depleting nutrient stocks. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of biochar on GHG emissions and tree growth in temperate forest soils. We measured GHG emissions, soil C content, and tree growth at managed forest sites in Idaho, Montana, and Oregon. We applied biochar amendments of 0, 2.5, or 25 Mg/ha to the forest soil surface. Flux of carbon dioxide and methane varied by season; however, neither were affected by biochar amendment. Flux of nitrous oxide was not detected at these nitrogen‐limited and unfertilized forest sites. Biochar amendment increased soil C content by 41% but did not affect tree growth. Overall, biochar had no detrimental effects on forest trees or soils. We conclude that biochar can be used harmlessly for climate change mitigation in forests by sequestering C in the soil.