bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School well-being in primary school children with chronic illness. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Schnick-Vollmer Kathleen , Diefenbach Christiane , Imhof Margarete , König Jochem , Schlecht Jennifer , Kuhle Stefan , Urschitz Michael S. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Children with chronic illness perform poorer at school, and school well-being (SWB) may mediate this association. We investigated the association between chronic illness and three domains of SWB in children in first grade.

Methods
Data from a German population-based prospective cohort study were used. Children with chronic illness were identified via their preschool health examination and follow-up parent surveys during first grade. Children were grouped as either (i) having current special health care needs (SHCN), (ii) having at least one physician diagnosis of a chronic illness but no current SHCN, or (iii) being healthy. SWB was assessed at the end of first grade and measured by the Questionnaire for the Assessment of Emotional and Social School Experiences of First and Second Grade Primary School Children. Based on SWB theory and previous frameworks, the following subscales were used: School-Related Self-Concept, Social Integration, and Joy of Learning. The sum score for each subscale was converted into area-transformed T-values (mean 50 and standard deviation 10). Associations between chronic illness groups and SWB subscales were investigated by multivariable linear regression models. Effect estimates were adjusted for potential confounding variables and standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated.

Results
Of the 1,490 children included, 15% had current SHCN and 37% had a physician diagnosis of a chronic illness but no current SHCN. Compared to healthy children, children with SHCN had lower scores for the School-Related Self-Concept and the Joy of Learning subscale (SMD −0.18 for both) but not for the Social Integration subscale. In contrast, children with a chronic condition but no SHCN had lower scores only for the Social Integration subscale (SMD −0.12).

Conclusions
Primary school students with a chronic illness with or without SHCN have lower SWB in some domains compared to their healthy peers. SWB may be a mediator in the association between chronic illness and poor school performance.
Serum metabolite profiles of thyroid autoimmunity patients in early pregnancy
Authors: Chen Zhaoying , Lin Zhenyu , Gao Yiyang , Jin Xiaohui , Chen Kan , Zhang Chenxi , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping , Li Jing 
Published: November 2024

Background
Research on serum metabolite profiles in thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) patients during early pregnancy is currently limited.

Aim & Methods
The current study aimed to identify differential serum metabolites and assess the relationship between pregnancy outcomes and metabolic abnormalities in individuals with TAI. This research included 26 pregnant women with TAI and 30 healthy controls (HC). We employed a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS) to analyze changes between the two groups.

Results
Newborns in the TAI patients had lower birth weights than those in the control group (P = 0.007). We identified 92 differential metabolites (including 50 upregulated and 42 downregulated) belonging to amino acids, fatty acyls, glycerophosphocholines, steroid and other categories and four significantly enrichment Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways including taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism. We further identified 15 characteristic metabolites (6-Methylquinoline, D-erythrose 4-phosphate, 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, phosphatidylcholine (PC)(16:2e/16:0), N3,N4-Dimethyl-L-arginine, N-desmethyltramadol, 3-Methoxybenzaldehyde, sphingomyelin (SM)(d14:3/28:2), gamma-Glutamylleucine, NSI-189, 3-(1-cyano-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-yl)-3-oxopropyl propionate, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) 16:0, cis-Aconitic acid, polyamide (PA)(18:1/18:2) and fatty acyl esters of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA)(17:0/18:0)) using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Correlation analyses revealed that 6-Methylquinoline, D-erythrose 4-phosphate, gamma-Glutamylleucine, and LPI 16:0 exhibited a positive correlation with anemia before delivery, while 3-(1-cyano-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-2-yl)-3-oxopropyl propionate had a negative correlation. LPI 16:0 displayed a positive correlation with uric acid (UA) during both middle and late pregnancy, whereas 3-Methoxybenzaldehyde exhibited a negative correlation with UA in late pregnancy. Cis-Aconitic acid showed a positive correlation with fasting blood glucose (FBG) in middle pregnancy. Conversely, 6-Methylquinoline and 4-Hydroxyisoleucine had a negative correlation with birth weight. Thyroid autoantibodies were found to be associated with 14 metabolites identified using LASSO, with the exception of PA (18:1/18:2).

Conclusions
Our findings provide new evidence supporting the early screening of serum metabolites and their potential for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with TAI.
Oral health manifestations and the perceived quality of life among Saudi children: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sabbagh Heba Jafar , Abudawood Shahad N. 
Published: November 2024

Background
This cross-sectional study addresses scarcity of evidence on oral health issues among Saudi children and their impact on quality of life (OHRQL). We aimed to investigate parental reports of oral health problems in children and their effect on their OHQRL.

Methods
Parents of children aged 2–11-years from Five-Saudi regions participated from February 2021 to July 2021 by completing an electronic, self-administered questionnaire structured according to World Health Organization-Oral Health Questionnaire for children. It comprises questions on children experiencing oral pain/discomfort, oral lesions/manifestations and reduction in their OHRQL.

Results
Among 1,516 responders, 1,107 (73.0%) reported that their children experienced toothache/discomfort. The possibility of parents reporting toothache/discomfort or oral manifestations decreased with younger children. For children aged 2–5 years, the odds ratio (AOR) was 0.18 (95% CI [0.13–0.24], P < 0.001) for toothache and 0.58 (95% CI [0.45–0.74], P < 0.001) for oral manifestations. For children aged 6–8 years, the AOR was 0.57 (95% CI [0.4–0.81], P = 0.002) for toothache. Additionally, parents of younger children less frequently reported reduced OHRQL with AORs of 0.58 (95% CI [0.45–0.73], P < 0.001) for children aged 2–5 years and 0.64 (95% CI [0.49–0.83], P < 0.001) for those aged 6–8 years. Lower parental education increased AORs, with values of 1.575 (95% CI [1.196–2.074], P = 0.001) and 1.505 (95% CI [1.208–1.876], P < 0.001) for younger and 6–8-year-old children, respectively.

Conclusion
Results revealed notable prevalence of toothache/discomfort and oral manifestations in children reported by parents, which was related to age and parental education; ultimately leading to reduction in their OHRQL.
The DUF348 domains of resuscitation promoting factor 2 play important roles in the enzymatic and biological activities in Rhodococcus erythropolis KB1
Authors: Fu Jianhui , Chen Jixiang , Wang Yonggang , Luo Dan , Wang Tianfeng , Zhang Qingfang 
Published: November 2024

Rhodococcus erythropolis KB1 is a member of the Actinomycetota and a petroleum-degrading bacterium, isolated from soil contaminated with petroleum products. The resuscitation-promoting factors (Rpf) widely exist among Actinomycetota, which revive the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state cells and facilitate growth of normal cells. The Rpf2 of the R. erythropolis KB1 is the most complex Rpf protein, which consists of the conserved Rpf domain, one G5 domain and three DUF348 domains. The protein demonstrates muralytic activity and growth-promoting and resuscitation effect, but the exact roles of these DUF348 domains in the enzymic and biological activities remain unclear. In this paper, the recombinant plasmids containing rpf2 genes with different DUF348 domain deletion were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The enzymatic and biological activities of the mutated Rpf2 proteins were examined. The results showed that the enzymatic activities of the mutated Rpf2 proteins with 1, 2, and 3 DUF348 deletion decreased by 26.27%, 38.17%, and 42.56% respectively when compared with that of the wild-type Rpf2. A negative correlation between the number of DUF348 deletions and the growth-promoting and resuscitation effect on R. erythropolis KB1 cells were also observed. The muralytic activities of the mutated Rpf2 proteins showed stability at the temperature range of 20 °C to 40 °C, but showed sharp declines at 50 °C, with the activity dropping by 50.07% to 90.06%, and complete loss at 70 °C and 80 °C, underscoring importance of the DUF348 in thermal stability of the Rpf2. Zn2 + and Mn2 + slightly enhanced the muralytic activity, while Mg2 +, Ca2 + and Co2 + had negligible effects. These findings offered significant insights into mechanism of the Rpf action, emphasizing the critical role of the DUF348 domain.
Natalizumab versus fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis treatment
Authors: Vollmer Brandi L. , Nair Kavita V. , Sillau Stefan , Corboy John R. , Vollmer Timothy , Alvarez Enrique 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare 2‐year effectiveness and discontinuation of natalizumab (NTZ) versus fingolimod (FTY) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsPatients prescribed NTZ, FTY, or DMF at the Rocky Mountain MS Center at University of Colorado were identified. Clinician‐reported data were retrospectively collected. Outcomes include a composite effectiveness measure consisting of new T2 lesion, gadolinium‐enhancing lesion, and/or clinical relapse, individual effectiveness outcomes and discontinuation over 2 years. Logistic regression was used for data analysis on patients matched by propensity scores and using ATT doubly robust weighting estimator.ResultsA total of 451, 271, and 342 patients were evaluated on NTZ, FTY, and DMF over 2 years, respectively. Patients had a mean age of 39.8 (NTZ), 42.5(FTY), and 45.8 (DMF) years; were predominantly female (76.7% NTZ; 72.0% FTY; 69.6% DMF); and had a mean MS disease duration of 11–12 years for all groups. At ≤24 months, 22.2%, 34.7%, and 33.6% experienced a new T2 lesion, gadolinium‐enhancing lesion, and/or clinical relapse on NTZ, FTY, and DMF, respectively. Using ATT doubly robust weighting estimator, FTY versus NTZ and DMF versus NTZ had an odds ratio of 2.00 (95%CI:[1.41–2.85], P < 0.001) and 2.38 [95% CI: 1.68–3.37], P < 0.001) respectively, for experiencing a new T2 lesion, gadolinium enhancing lesion, and/or clinical relapse. At ≤24 months, 32.6%, 34.3%, and 47.1% discontinued NTZ, FTY, and DMF, respectively. The majority of discontinuations were due to becoming JCV positive(12.6%) for NTZ and due to adverse events for both FTY(17%) and DMF(24.0%).InterpretationNTZ appears to be more effective and tolerable than FTY and DMF.
Nitrogen Tuned Charge Redistribution and Orbital Reconfiguration in Fe/MgO Interface for Significant Interfacial Magnetism Tunability
Authors: Wang Shiru , Yao Mingke , Li Zirun , Feng Chun , Wang Lei , Tang Xiaolei , Kang Peng , Zhang Bin , Mi Wenbo , Yu Guanghua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractModulating the orbital configuration of ferromagnetic metal (FM)/metal‐oxide (MO) interfaces is crucial for obtaining a controllable interfacial magnetism for constructing energy‐efficient magnetic memory and logic devices. The traditional works of orbital regulation depend on external fields, such as electric field, temperature field, and stress field. This work proposes a novel orbital modulation strategy by modifying the coordination environment of FM/MO interface with nitrogen (N) incorporation. By preparing a Fe/MgO bilayer at a N2 atmosphere, N atoms occupy the interstitial sites of the Fe lattice, which induces a charge redistribution at the Fe/MgO interface and toggles a prominent orbital reconstruction of Fe with an increment of out‐of‐plane orbital occupancy. Therefore, the orbital magnetism is tuned effectively, which remarkably strengthens the interfacial magnetic anisotropy energy by 0.6 erg cm−2 and enables a broad magnetic anisotropy tunability from in‐plane to perpendicular direction. Besides, the Fe thickness for maintaining perpendicular magnetic anisotropy extends from less than 1 to 3 nm, which is favorable for improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio and stability of devices in nanoscale. These findings provide an external‐field‐independent strategy of orbital engineering for tailoring obit‐controlled performance at FM/MO heterointerfaces, which practically advances the magnetic storage and logic devices.
Manipulation of Edge‐Site Fe–N2 Moiety on Holey Fe, N Codoped Graphene to Promote the Cycle Stability and Rate Capacity of Li–S Batteries
Authors: Wang Yazhou , Adekoya David , Sun Jiqing , Tang Tianyu , Qiu Hailong , Xu Li , Zhang Shanqing , Hou Yanglong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGraphene‐based materials have been widely studied to overcome the hurdles of Li–S batteries, but suffer from low adsorptivity to polar polysulfide species, slow mass transport of Li+ ions, and severe irreversible agglomeration. Herein, via a one‐step scalable calcination process, a holey Fe, N codoped graphene (HFeNG) is successfully synthesized to address these problems. Diverging by the holey structures, the Fe atoms are anchored by four N atoms (Fe–N4 moiety) or two N atoms (Fe–N2 moiety) localized on the graphene sheets and edge of holes, respectively, which is confirmed by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The unique holey structures not only promote the mass transport of lithium ions, but also prohibit the transportation of polysulfides across these additional channels via strong adsorption forces of Fe–N2 moiety at the edges. The as‐obtained HFeNG delivers a high rate capacity of 810 mAh g−1 at 5 C and a stable cycling performance with the capacity decay of 0.083% per cycle at 0.5 C. The concept of holey structure and introduction of polar moieties could be extended to other carbon and 2D nanostructures for energy storage and conversion devices such as supercapacitors, alkali‐ion batteries, metal–air batteries, and metal–halogen batteries.
Retarding the Crystallization of a Nonfullerene Electron Acceptor for High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Li Wei , Chen Mengxue , Zhang Zhuohan , Cai Jinlong , Zhang Huijun , Gurney Robert S. , Liu Dan , Yu Jiangsheng , Tang Weihua , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDeveloping a fundamental understanding of the molecular order within the photoactive layer, and the influence therein of solution casting conditions, is a key factor in obtaining high power conversation efficiency (PCE) polymer solar cells. Herein, the molecular order in PBDB‐T:INPIC‐4F nonfullerene solar cells is tuned by control of the molecular organization time during film casting, and the crucial role of retarding the crystallization of INPIC‐4F in achieving high performance is demonstrated. When PBDB‐T:INPIC‐4F is cast with the presence of solvent vapor to prolong the organization time, INPIC‐4F molecules form spherulites with a polycrystalline structure, resulting in large phase separation and device efficiency below 10%. On the contrary, casting the film on a hot substrate is effective in suppressing the formation of the polycrystalline structure, and encourages face‐on π−π stacking of INPIC‐4F. This molecular transformation of INPIC‐4F significantly enhances the absorption ability of INPIC‐4F at long wavelengths and facilitates a fine phase separation to support efficient exciton dissociation and balanced charge transport, leading to the achievement of a maximum PCE of 13.1%. This work provides a rational guide for optimizing nonfullerene polymer solar cells consisting of highly crystallizable small molecular electron acceptors.
Edge‐Functionalized Graphene Nanoplatelets as Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kweon Do Hyung , Baek Jong‐Beom 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA scalable and low‐cost production of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) is one of the most important challenges for their commercialization. A simple mechanochemical reaction has been developed and applied to prepare various edge‐functionalized GnPs (EFGnPs). EFGnPs can be produced in a simple and ecofriendly manner by ball milling of graphite with target substances (X = nonmetals, halogens, semimetals, or metalloids). The unique feature of this method is its use of kinetic energy, which can generate active carbon species by unzipping of graphitic CC bonds in dry conditions (no solvent). The active carbon species efficiently pick up X substance(s), leading to the formation of graphitic CX bonds along the broken edges and the delamination of graphitic layers into EFGnPs. Unlike graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO), the preparation of EFGnPs does not involve toxic chemicals, such as corrosive acids and toxic reducing agents. Furthermore, the prepared EFGnPs preserve high crystallinity in the basal area due to their edge‐selective functionalization. Considering the available edge X groups that can be selectively employed, the potential applications of EFGnPs are unlimited. In this context, the synthesis, characterizations, and applications of EFGnPs, specifically, as metal‐free carbon‐based electrocatalysts for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in both cobalt and iodine electrolytes are reviewed.
The Development of Cocatalysts for Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Chang Xiaoxia , Wang Tuo , Yang Piaoping , Zhang Gong , Gong Jinlong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe ever‐increasing anthropogenic consumption of fossil fuels and the resulting large emission of CO2 have led to a severe energy crisis and climate change. Photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into fuels using solar energy is considered as a promising way to address these two problems. In particular, photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 can integrate and optimize the advantages of both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis for improved conversion efficiency and selectivity. In addition to the charge generation and separation, the efficient reduction of CO2 on the surface of a semiconductor‐based photoelectrode remains a scientifically critical challenge, which can be greatly enhanced by the surface modification of cocatalysts. Herein, the recent developments of cocatalysts in PEC CO2 reduction over semiconductor‐based photoelectrodes are described, and the basic principles of PEC CO2 reduction and the function of the cocatalyst in photoelectrocatalysis are discussed. The structure optimization between the photoelectrodes and the cocatalysts is also summarized since the loading of cocatalyst may shield the incident light and hinder charge transfer between them. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives for PEC reduction of CO2 are also presented.
Recent Progress in Electrically Rechargeable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Fu Jing , Liang Ruilin , Liu Guihua , Yu Aiping , Bai Zhenyu , Yang Lin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOver the past decade, the surging interest for higher‐energy‐density, cheaper, and safer battery technology has spurred tremendous research efforts in the development of improved rechargeable zinc–air batteries. Current zinc–air batteries suffer from poor energy efficiency and cycle life, owing mainly to the poor rechargeability of zinc and air electrodes. To achieve high utilization and cyclability in the zinc anode, construction of conductive porous framework through elegant optimization strategies and adaptation of alternate active material are employed. Equally, there is a need to design new and improved bifunctional oxygen catalysts with high activity and stability to increase battery energy efficiency and lifetime. Efforts to engineer catalyst materials to increase the reactivity and/or number of bifunctional active sites are effective for improving air electrode performance. Here, recent key advances in material development for rechargeable zinc–air batteries are described. By improving fundamental understanding of materials properties relevant to the rechargeable zinc and air electrodes, zinc–air batteries will be able to make a significant impact on the future energy storage for electric vehicle application. To conclude, a brief discussion on noteworthy concepts of advanced electrode and electrolyte systems that are beyond the current state‐of‐the‐art zinc–air battery chemistry, is presented.
Robust Negative Electrode Materials Derived from Carbon Dots and Porous Hydrogels for High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Wei Ji‐Shi , Ding Chen , Zhang Peng , Ding Hui , Niu Xiao‐Qing , Ma Yuan‐Yuan , Li Chao , Wang Yong‐Gang , Xiong Huan‐Ming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHybrid supercapacitors generally show high power and long life spans but inferior energy densities, which are mainly caused by carbon negative electrodes with low specific capacitances. To improve the energy densities, the traditional methods include optimizing pore structures and modifying pseudocapacitive groups on the carbon materials. Here, another promising way is suggested, which has no adverse effects to the carbon materials, that is, constructing electron‐rich regions on the electrode surfaces for absorbing cations as much as possible. For this aim, a series of hierarchical porous carbon materials are produced by calcinating carbon dots–hydrogel composites, which have controllable surface states including electron‐rich regions. The optimal sample is employed as the negative electrode to fabricate hybrid supercapacitors, which show remarkable specific energy densities (up to 62.8–90.1 Wh kg−1) in different systems.
An Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Rich Semiconductor‐Supported Bifunctional Catalyst for Efficient and Stable Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Liu Guihua , Li Jingde , Fu Jing , Jiang Gaopeng , Lui Gregory , Luo Dan , Deng Ya‐Ping , Zhang Jing , Cano Zachary P. , Yu Aiping , Su Dong , Bai Zhengyu , Yang Lin , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe highly oxidative operating conditions of rechargeable zinc–air batteries causes significant carbon‐support corrosion of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts. Here, a new strategy for the catalyst support design focusing on oxygen vacancy (OV)‐rich, low‐bandgap semiconductor is proposed. The OVs promote the electrical conductivity of the oxide support, and at the same time offer a strong metal–support interaction (SMSI), which enables the catalysts to have small metal size, high catalytic activity, and high stability. The strategy is demonstrated by successfully synthesizing ultrafine Co‐metal‐decorated 3D ordered macroporous titanium oxynitride (3DOM‐Co@TiOxNy). The 3DOM‐Co@TiOxNy catalyst exhibits comparable activities for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions, but much higher cycling stability than noble metals in alkaline conditions. The zinc–air battery using this catalyst delivers an excellent stability with less than 1% energy efficiency loss over 900 charge–discharge cycles at 20 mA cm−2. The high stability is attributed to the strong SMSI between Co and 3DOM‐TiOxNy which is verified by density functional theory calculations. This work sheds light on using OV‐rich semiconductors as a promising support to design efficient and durable nonprecious electrocatalysts.