bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold atmospheric plasma modulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase signalling and enhances burn wound neovascularisation
Authors: Duchesne Constance , Banzet Sébastien , Lataillade Jean‐Jacques , Rousseau Antoine , Frescaline Nadira 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTreatment with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been reported to promote wound healing in animals. However, how this process is mediated remains unclear. In this study we examined the mechanisms which underlie the improved wound healing effects of CAP and the roles of associated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which are generated by plasma. By using in vitro models which mimicked various steps of angiogenesis, we demonstrated that CAP triggered the production of nitric oxide (NO), and enhanced cell migration and the assembly of endothelial cells into vessel‐like structures. These are both hallmarks of the proliferative phase of wound healing. Using a mouse model of a third‐degree burn wound, we went on to show that CAP treatment was associated with enhanced angiogenesis, characterised by accelerated in vivo wound healing and increased cellular proliferation. Here, CAP significantly increased the in vivo production of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), an enzyme that catalyses NO synthesis in endothelial cells, and significantly increased the expression of pro‐angiogenic PDGFRβ and CD31 markers in mouse wounds. Mechanistically, we showed that CAP induced eNOS phosphorylation and activation, thereby increasing the levels of endogenous NO in endothelial cells. Increased NO generation facilitated by CAP further stimulated important pro‐angiogenic VEGFA/VEGFR2 signalling in vitro. This proof‐of‐concept study may guide future efforts aimed at addressing the use of physical plasma and its therapeutic applications in a variety of pathological scenarios. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Congenital malformation syndromes associated with peripheral neuroblastic tumors: A systematic review
Authors: Sznewajs Aimee , Pon Elizabeth , Matthay Katherine K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMalformation syndromes with predisposition to peripheral neuroblastic tumors (pNT), including neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma, may provide clues to critical mutations influencing pNT development. Our objective was to identify and characterize features of pNT associated with specific malformation syndromes. A systematic review of the literature was performed using MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. We identified 154 of 1014 papers that met eligibility, comprising 207 cases. The patient's age, tumor histology, and frequency of multiple primary tumors varied by malformation syndrome. Genomic studies and systematized reporting are necessary to elucidate cancer risk and the distinct clinical and biological pNT patterns within syndromes.
Ecofriendly microwave‐assisted reaction and extraction of bioactive compounds from hawthorn leaf
Authors: Hu Yu‐Han , Peng Li‐Qing , Wang Qiu‐Yan , Yang Juan , Dong Xin , Wang Shu‐Ling , Cao Jun , Liu Fang‐Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe main active components in hawthorn leaves possess various biological activities such as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and hypolipidemic effects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective and reliable extraction method to extract these active compounds from hawthorn leaves.ObjectiveTo establish a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for extraction and determination of polyphenolic compounds from hawthorn leaves.MethodsIn this study, a microwave‐assisted reaction and extraction (MARE) combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector method was established to extract and determine the polyphenolic compounds in hawthorn leaves. The solid reagent aqueous solutions were applied as extraction solvents, preventing the use of organic solvents. The target analytes were identified by quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry. Several experimental parameters that can significantly affect the extraction efficiency were evaluated and optimised.ResultsThe optimal conditions were as follows: 0.1 g of sodium carbonate was used as solid reagent, the amount of sodium borate was set at 0.01 g, extraction time was 10 min, extraction temperature was set at 50°C, pH value was adjusted to 7. The validation experiments demonstrated that the method had high sensitivity with the limits of detection in the range 26.5–37.7 ng/mL. The average recoveries ranged from 80.22% to 93.27%.ConclusionIn this work, the proposed MARE method was successfully applied to extract and determine polyphenolic compounds in hawthorn leaf samples. Compared with other reported methods, the present method was faster, greener, and more sensitive.
Balance auf Bändern
Authors: Thaller Sigrid , Mathelitsch Leopold 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungMan kann sie im Zirkus, über Schluchten und immer häufiger in Parks bewundern: Menschen, die auf Seilen oder Bändern balancieren und dabei anscheinend mühelos das Gleichgewicht halten können. Die Physik spielt dabei eine gewichtige Rolle, von der Spannung in den Seilen bis zur optimalen Positionierung des Schwerpunktes. Anders als beim klassischen Seiltanz auf straff gespannten Stahlseilen hängen die elastischen Slacklines stark durch. Damit kann man beim Balancieren keine seitlichen Gegenkräfte mehr nutzen. Der Sportler lässt sich als invertiertes Pendel beschreiben, dessen Fußpunkt sich annähernd auf einer Kreisbahn bewegt.
Nicht mehr lang allein im All?
Authors: Angerhausen Daniel 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Feld der Entdeckung und Charakterisierung von extrasolaren Planeten und die zukünftige Suche nach Leben entwickelt sich derzeit rasant. Unser gewachsenes Wissen über potenzielle Lebenszeichen in den Atmosphären und auf den Oberflächen dieser Planeten zusammen mit der technischen Entwicklung beim Bau der nötigen Teleskope könnten es ermöglichen, dass wir in den nächsten 10 bis 20 Jahren extrasolares Leben aufspüren. Bis dahin müssen noch viele Puzzleteile aus verschiedenen Wissenschaften zusammengefügt werden, um die spektroskopischen Merkmale in ihrem Kontext zu verstehen. Wir sind die erste Generation in der Menschheitsgeschichte, die eine realistische Chance hat, die uralte Frage nach Leben im All zu beantworten.
Das Higgs‐Teilchen unter der Lupe
Authors: Wolf Roger 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungSieben Jahre nach der Entdeckung des Higgs‐Bosons am LHC sind seine Eigenschaften weitestgehend gesichert. Es besitzt die Quantenzahlen des Vakuums und zeigt wie erwartet ein einzigartiges Kopplungsverhalten mit allen bekannten Teilchen des Standardmodells, deren Kopplung derzeit am LHC nachweisbar ist. Dieses Kopplungsverhalten konnte mit einer Messgenauigkeit von 10 bis 16 % nachgewiesen werden. Mit zunehmender Datenmenge wird diese Messgenauigkeit in den Bereich weniger Prozent vordringen. Zu den noch offenen Fragen zählen die Selbstwechselwirkung des Higgs‐Teilchens und die Suche nach weiteren Higgs‐Bosonen als Bestandteil einer Theorie jenseits des Standardmodells.
Kühlen Kopf bewahren
Authors: Annaheim Simon 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungFür die Akzeptanz von Fahrradhelmen ist der Tragekomfort ein wichtiger Faktor. Damit verknüpft sind eine gute Belüftung zur Kühlung des Kopfes und der Schutz gegen Sonnenstrahlung. Um wissenschaftlich zu untersuchen, wie ein Helm den Wärmeaustausch am Kopf mit der Umwelt beeinflusst, hat das Eidgenössische Forschungsinstitut für Materialwissenschaften und Technologie (Empa) ein thermisches Kopfmanikin, ein Kopfmodell, entwickelt. Damit können die separaten Wärmetransportarten wie konvektiver Wärmetransport, evaporative Kühlwirkung und Strahlungswärmeeintrag am Kopf quantifiziert werden. Eine Einteilung in Zonen erlaubt auch die Untersuchung lokaler Regionen am Kopf. Darüber hinaus wurde das thermische Kopfmanikin mit einem mathematischen Modell zur Simulation des thermischen Zustands des menschlichen Körpers gekoppelt. Das ermöglicht Aussagen zum thermischen Komfort, vom Alltag bis zum Leistungssport.
Mondgestein – Archiv des Sonnensystems
Authors: Hiesinger Harald 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Mond ist ein fundamental wichtiger Körper für unser Verständnis des gesamten Sonnensystems. Auch 50 Jahre nach den Apollo‐Missionen sind deren zur Erde gebrachten Mondgesteine noch immer von unschätzbarem Wert für die Wissenschaft. So erlauben sie uns, neuartige Fernerkundungsmethoden zur globalen Erkundung des Monds zu kalibrieren und durch eine verfeinerte Analytik alte Hypothesen zur Entstehung und Entwicklung des Monds zu testen und neue zu entwickeln.
The Evaluation of Secondary Amine Protecting Groups for Nitration
Authors: Chafin Andrew P. , Bottaro Jeffrey , Rosenkoetter Kyle E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNitramines (for example RDX, HMX and CL‐20) are frequently made by nitrolyzing tertiary amides. While generally high yielding, sometimes the amides can be difficult to remove while keeping any ring systems intact. This study investigates twelve acyl hexahydro‐s‐triazines for their ease of conversion into nitramines using four common nitration conditions. Several new amide protecting group have been examined and one (cyclopropanecarboxamide) has been found to be better than those amides currently employed. The amide groups have been found to be nitrolyzable in the following order: Cyclopropyl>Ethyl>Propyl>Methyl>i‐Propyl≈t‐Butyl≈Methoxymethyl≫Hydrogen>Pentafluorophenyl.
Estimation of model accuracy in CASP13
Authors: Cheng Jianlin , Choe Myong‐Ho , Elofsson Arne , Han Kun‐Sop , Hou Jie , Maghrabi Ali H. A. , McGuffin Liam J. , Menéndez‐Hurtado David , Olechnovič Kliment , Schwede Torsten , Studer Gabriel , Uziela Karolis , Venclovas Česlovas , Wallner Björn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMethods to reliably estimate the accuracy of 3D models of proteins are both a fundamental part of most protein folding pipelines and important for reliable identification of the best models when multiple pipelines are used. Here, we describe the progress made from CASP12 to CASP13 in the field of estimation of model accuracy (EMA) as seen from the progress of the most successful methods in CASP13. We show small but clear progress, that is, several methods perform better than the best methods from CASP12 when tested on CASP13 EMA targets. Some progress is driven by applying deep learning and residue‐residue contacts to model accuracy prediction. We show that the best EMA methods select better models than the best servers in CASP13, but that there exists a great potential to improve this further. Also, according to the evaluation criteria based on local similarities, such as lDDT and CAD, it is now clear that single model accuracy methods perform relatively better than consensus‐based methods.
The structural, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of B2‐type TMZr (TM = Ru, Mo, Rh, Os, and Re) compounds from first‐principles calculations
Authors: Pan Yong , Pu Delin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe B2‐type cubic Zr‐based compounds are attractive advanced high‐temperature materials because of the strong and symmetrical bonds. However, the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the B2‐type cubic Zr‐based compounds are not well understood. Here, we use the first‐principles calculations to investigate the structural, elastic modulus, ductility, and thermodynamic properties of TMZr (TM = Ru, Mo, Rh, Os, and Re) compounds. Two novel TMZr compounds, MoZr and ReZr, are first predicted by using the phonon dispersion and formation enthalpy, respectively. The results show that the B2‐type TMZr compounds not only exhibit high elastic modulus but also show better ductility due to the symmetrical TM‐Zr metallic bonds. In particular, the calculated elastic modulus of OsZr is larger than that of the other four TMZr compounds, indicating that the OsZr shows the strongest deformation resistance in five TMZr compounds. The calculated Θ
D of RuZr is 328 K, which is larger than that of the other four TMZr compounds. The calculated phonon density of state shows that the high‐temperature thermodynamic properties of TMZr derive from the vibration of Zr atom. Therefore, our work predicts that the B2‐type OsZr is an attractive high‐temperature structural material.
Clustering strategies for multicast precoding in multibeam satellite systems
Authors: Guidotti Alessandro , Vanelli‐Coralli Alessandro 
Published: July 2019

SummaryNext generation multibeam SatCom architectures will heavily exploit full frequency reuse schemes along with interference management techniques, eg, precoding or multiuser detection, to drastically increase the system throughput. In this framework, we address the problem of the user selection for multicast precoding by formulating it as a clustering problem. By introducing a novel mathematical framework, we design fixed/variable size clustering algorithms that group users into simultaneously precoded and served clusters while maximising the system throughput. Numerical simulations are used to validate the proposed algorithms and to identify the main system‐level trade‐offs.
Aligned Proton‐Conducting Graphene Sheets via Block Copolymer Supramolecular Assembly and Their Application for Highly Transparent Moisture‐Sensing Conductive Coating
Authors: Daripa Soumili , Khawas Koomkoom , Das Santanu , Dey Ratan Kumar , Kuila Biplab Kumar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHere, we have demonstrated a well‐defined strategy to prepare highly sulphonated reduced graphene oxide (S‐rGO) sheets via non‐covalent modification of rGO with water soluble rod‐coil conjugated block copolymer poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐block‐poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid) (P3HT‐b‐PSSA) carrying a long PSSA block. S‐rGO sheets are highly water soluble and its aqueous solution can be used to fabricate highly transparent conductive thin film coating on versatile smooth substrate surfaces like glass, indium tin oxide (ITO), quartz and flexible PET. The successful anchoring of sulfonic acid group on rGO surface via non‐covalent modification by P3HT‐b‐PSSA was confirmed and analyzed by FTIR and XRD study. The bulk morphology of S‐rGO reveals sheet like morphology where individual sheets are aligned with each other in a parallel arrangement through intercalation of PSSA chains driven by block copolymer self‐ assembly. AFM image of the thin film also supports nice parallel alignment of S‐rGO sheets of average thickness ∼100 nm on substrate surface. S‐rGO sample shows very high water uptake (∼91% in comparison to its initial weight) and proton conductivity 0.5 S/cm after water vapor exposure for 1 hour. Such high proton conductivity is due to the synergy of alignment of graphene sheets with a continuous network of proton conducting nanochannels created by block copolymer microphase separation on the rGO surface. Nyquist plot with two semicircles suggested the presence of grain boundaries in the sample. I−V measurement of transparent thin film device fabricated from S‐rGO sheets shows linear behavior with systematic increase of current on increasing water vapor exposure time. The block copolymer device shows well correlated, systematic and reversible resistance change with relative humidity (RH) confirming its efficient sensing capability towards moisture. We believe that high proton conductivity and interesting, reversible moisture sensitive electrical property of this material will be useful in fabricating transparent and flexible moisture sensors, flexible electronics, moisture induced energy storage, fuel cell, biological applications and others.
Isatin‐Triazole‐Functionalized Rhodamine: A Dual Sensor for Cu2+ and Fe3+ Ions and Its Application to Cell Imaging
Authors: Gahlyan Parveen , Bawa Rashim , Jain Harshita , Dalela Manu , Joshi Ankita , Ramachandran C. N. , Prasad Ashok K. , Kaur Arunjit , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new isatin‐triazole tethered rhodamine based fluorescent probe R1 (1‐(2’’‐(4’‐(((3’’’,6’’’‐bis(diethylamino)‐3’’‐oxospiro[isoindoline‐1’’,9’’’‐xanthen]‐2’’‐yl)amino)methyl)‐1H‐1’,2’,3’‐triazolyl)ethyl)indoline‐2,3‐dione) has been synthesized using click chemistry approach. Probe R1 exhibits a dual sensor property for Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions through turn‐on fluorescence response. A prominent colour change from colourless to pink allows the naked eye identification of aforementioned metal ions. R1 forms a 1:2 complex with Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions with binding constants 8.0 × 108 and 2.93 × 107 M−2, respectively. The binding mode is scrutinised through various spectroscopic techniques which is further supported by theoretical calculations. The detection limit of R1 for Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions is found to be 12.2 nM and 0.33 μM, respectively. Further, R1 has been evaluated for its potential to detect Cu2+ ions in biological systems using fluorescence cell imaging studies.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and 3D‐QSAR Study of Hybrid Oxazine Clubbed Pyridine Scaffolds
Authors: Desai Nisheeth C. , Bhatt Nayan B. , Joshi Surbhi B. , Jadeja Krunalsinh A. , Khedkar Vijay M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCompounds 1‐((1‐(4‐(2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazin‐3(4H)‐yl)phenyl)ethylidene)amino)‐6‐((arylidene)amino)‐4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitriles (4a‐j) were prepared, characterized and screened for antimicrobial activity. 3D‐quantitative structure activity relationship (3D‐QSAR) was explained by CoMFA and CoMSIA models to rationalize the antimicrobial activity of the titled compounds. Statistically significant 3D‐QSAR (CoMFA and CoMSIA) models were created which could provide valuable information about the structural modification desired to improvise the biological activity. Additionally, the predictions based on the molecular docking study, against microbial DNA gyrase, were carried out.
A Triode Device with a Gate Controllable Schottky Barrier: Germanium Nanowire Transistors and Their Applications
Authors: Lin Che‐Yi , Chen Chao‐Fu , Chang Yuan‐Ming , Yang Shih‐Hsien , Lee Ko‐Chun , Wu Wen‐Wei , Jian Wen‐Bin , Lin Yen‐Fu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectrical contacts often dominate charge transport properties at the nanoscale because of considerable differences in nanoelectronic device interfaces arising from unique geometric and electrostatic features. Transistors with a tunable Schottky barrier between the metal and semiconductor interface might simplify circuit design. Here, germanium nanowire (Ge NW) transistors with Cu3Ge as source/drain contacts formed by both buffered oxide etching treatments and rapid thermal annealing are reported. The transistors based on this Cu3Ge/Ge/Cu3Ge heterostructure show ambipolar transistor behavior with a large on/off current ratio of more than 105 and 103 for the hole and electron regimes at room temperature, respectively. Investigations of temperature‐dependent transport properties and low‐frequency current fluctuations reveal that the tunable effective Schottky barriers of the Ge NW transistors accounted for the ambipolar behaviors. It is further shown that this ambipolarity can be used to realize binary‐signal and data‐storage functions, which greatly simplify circuit design compared with conventional technologies.
Carburization of Fe/Ni Catalyst for Efficient Growth of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lin Dewu , Zhang Shuchen , Liu Weiming , Yu Yue , Zhang Jin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractScale‐up production of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with high quality and purity is in pursuit, since the subsequent post purification treatment of residual metal or amorphous carbon is complicated and restricts further applications. Here, a compatible method to efficiently synthesize pure SWNTs on various supporters by using the precarburized Fe/Ni catalysts is reported. The preparation of catalysts is achieved by gas phase deposition together with CO gas at proper temperature, and the carburization of metal particles occurring simultaneously contributes to the size limitation of catalysts. By using micro‐quartz sand as a recyclable supporter, high‐quality SWNTs with a yield of 50 mg h−1 are prepared with 60% metal precursor utilization, 81% carbon source utilization, and only 0.12% (m/m) metal residues. Taking advantage of carburized Fe/Ni catalysts and appropriate supports makes it possible to balance the quantity, purity, and quality among SWNTs growth. Furthermore, this method provides a straightforward pathway to strongly combine SWNTs and diverse composite materials for further potential applications.
Transfer function‐based Bayesian damage detection under seismic excitation
Authors: Vahedi Maryam , Khoshnoudian Faramarz , Hsu Ting Yu , Partovi Mehr Nasim 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTransfer function (TF) data are recognized as diagnostic features in damage detection procedure. The objective of this paper is to present a damage detection method in Bayesian paradigm based on TF data due to ground excitation. The measured seismic responses of the structure in the frequency domain are adopted to obtain displacement TFs and the structural natural frequencies are identified from observed TFs. The derived features are utilized for Bayesian structural damage detection. In addition, the challenging issue of underlying flexible soil in real cases has been addressed. The proposed technique is applied to a numerical shear frame to evaluate the capability of the method. An experimental study on a six‐story steel building has been validated to demonstrate the capability of the method for damage detection purpose. The results of studied cases indicated that the proposed method is capable of identifying the location and the severity of damage precisely.
Fluorinated Alcohols: Magic Reaction Medium and Promoters for Organic Synthesis
Authors: An Xiao‐De , Xiao Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFluorinated alcohols have been widely used in the synthetic organic chemistry over the past decades. The unique properties such as the strong hydrogen‐bonding donor ability and low nucleophilicity allow them to promote organic reactions in the absence of any catalyst. These approaches have distinct advantages in terms of operational simplicity, practicability and environmental friendliness. Reactions promoted by fluorinated alcohols, including nucleophilic substitution reactions, annulation reactions, electrophilic reactions, dearomatization reactions, functionalization of multiple bond, epoxidation reactions and miscellaneous reactions have been summarized in this account.