bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex Machinaand the Fate of Posthuman Masculinity: The Technical Death of Man
Authors: Matthews Malcolm 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIn The Posthuman, Rosi Braidotti asks the essential question, “Where does the posthuman condition leave humanity?” (3). I propose that embedded within this question is the more ominous and evocative question, “Where does the posthuman condition leave men and masculinity?” In this paper, I argue that, amid fluctuating contemporary codes of masculinity, “posthumanism” is an imperfect term for what is, fundamentally, postphallocentrism and the ultimate death of man. Alex Garland’s film Ex Machina exemplifies the degree to which hegemonic masculinity is culturally entrenched and the lengths humanist man will go to to preserve himself. The posthumanist conversation, while thought-provoking in theory and compelling at its core, tends to overlook or to underestimate man’s self-preservative resistance to an ontology that heralds his obsolescence. Ex Machina articulates this resistance and exposes male anxieties in the face of posthuman reconfigurations of subjectivity and redefinitions of masculinity in a technocentric era.
Making Enhancement Equitable: A Racial Analysis of the Term “Human Animal” and the Inclusion of Black Bodies in Human Enhancement
Authors: Butler Philip 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
This article seeks to deconstruct the language employed by critical posthumanism, specifically the term “human animal.” It explores the implications of its use as a blockade against the equitable inclusion of Black bodies in human enhancement. Essentially, it suggests that human advancement has universal implications. This is especially important in considering how enhancement will be distributed among those who do not fit normative humanistic descriptions. The reality of my context is that many Black folks in the United States are just beginning to explore what it means to be both Black and human within the bounds of “equality.” There remains within Black subjects a tremendous amount of baggage associated with historical objectifications, stemming from ancestral experiences and communal narratives. So, when white scholars propose a futuristic critical framework without employing a thorough assessment of race, skepticism from Black scholars regarding equity should be expected. This is especially true when human animality is a key component of that framework.
Trends and disparities in the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Duplisea Jonathan J. , Mason Ross J. , Reichard Chad A. , Li Roger , Shen Yu , Boorjian Stephen A. , Dinney Colin P. 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to radical or partial cystectomy is considered the standard of care for eligible patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Despite guideline recommendations, adoption of NAC has historically been low, although prior studies have suggested that use is increasing. In this contemporary study, we examine trends in the use of NAC and explore factors associated with its receipt.
Methods: We identified patients in the National Cancer Database who underwent radical or partial cystectomy for cT2-cT4N0M0 urothelial carcinoma from 2006–2014. The proportion of patients receiving NAC during each year was examined. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with the receipt of NAC.
Results: A total of 18 188 patients were identified who underwent radical or partial cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Overall, 3940 (21.7%) received NAC. We noted a significant increase in the use of NAC over time, from 9.7% in 2006 to 32.2% in 2014. Factors associated with lower use of NAC include older age, higher comorbidity score, lower cT stage, lower hospital radical cystectomy volume, treatment at a non-academic facility, lower patient income, and receipt of partial cystectomy (all p<0.001). Interestingly, neither sex nor race were associated with receipt of NAC.
Conclusions: Use of NAC has increased significantly over time to a modest rate of 32%. However, disparities still exist in the receipt of NAC, and future efforts aimed at mitigating these disparities are warranted.
Development and implementation of a mobile version of the O-SCORE assessment tool and case log for competency-based assessment in urology residency training: An initial assessment of utilization and acceptance among residents and faculty
Authors: Fitzpatrick Ryan , Paterson Nicholas R. , Watterson James , Seabrook Christine , Roberts Matthew 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: In competency-based models of residency training, work-based assessments of residents’ technical skills are essential both for providing formative feedback and for assessing surgical competence. The Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (O-SCORE) is a previously validated paper-based evaluation tool created to assess a surgical trainees’ operative competence. To address some of the barriers to assessment, we developed and implemented a mobile application that combines the O-SCORE with a surgical case log.
Methods: A description of the development implementation process for the mobile O-SCORE and case log is provided. Following implementation, a survey was developed and administered electronically to all faculty and residents within the University of Ottawa’s Division of Urology to assess user perceptions and utilization of the application. The survey was administered and data collected via Survey Monkey.
Results: The overall response rate was 94%. The majority of residents (94%) reported that it was easy to log cases with the application and 81% felt that it had a positive impact on their training; 75% of faculty were willing or very willing to complete evaluations when assigned and 66% felt that the application had a positive effect on the quality of feedback they provided.
Conclusions: Overall, faculty and residents felt that our mobile O-SCORE application was user-friendly and valuable as both a surgical log and assessment tool. With surgical programs moving towards competency-based models of training and assessment, the O-SCORE mobile application represents a practical electronic surgical log and work-based assessment instrument that can be easily adopted into any surgical training program.
Identifying frequent patterns in biochemical reaction networks - a workflow
Authors: Lambusch Fabienne , Waltemath Dagmar , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Sandkuhl Kurt , Rosenke Christian , Henkel Ron 
Published: July 2018

Computational models in biology encode molecular and cell biological processes. These models often can be represented as biochemical reaction networks. Studying such networks, one is mostly interested in systems that share similar reactions and mechanisms. Typical goals of an investigation include understanding of the parts of a model, identification of reoccurring patterns, and recognition of biologically relevant motifs. The large number and size of available models, however, require automated methods to support researchers in achieving their goals. Specifically for the problem of finding patterns in large networks only partial solutions exist. We propose a workflow that identifies frequent structural patterns in biochemical reaction networks encoded in the Systems Biology Markup Language. The workflow utilises a subgraph mining algorithm to detect frequent network patterns. Once patterns are identified, the textual pattern description can automatically be converted into a graphical representation.Furthermore, information about the distribution of patterns among the selected set of models can be retrieved.The workflow was validated with 575 models from the curated branch of BioModels. In this paper, we highlight interesting and frequent structural patterns. Further, we provide exemplary patterns that incorporate terms from the Systems Biology Ontology. Our workflow can be applied to a custom set of models or to models already existing in our graph database MaSyMoS. The occurrences of frequent patterns may give insight into the encoding of central biological processes, evaluate postulated biological motifs, or serve as a similarity measure for models that share common structures.
Availability: https://github.com/FabienneL/BioNet-Mining
Contact: fabienne.lambusch@uni-rostock.de
Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy and Multiple Sclerosis: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Cordano Christian , Armezzani Annalisa , Veroni Jacopo , Pardini Matteo , Sassos Davide , Infante Maria Teresa , Tacchino Andrea , Lapucci Caterina , Cellerino Maria , Calabrò Valentina , Ciullo Luigi , Nourbakhsh Bardia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Context
Research on the effect of osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMTh; manipulative care provided by foreign-trained osteopaths) on chronic symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) is lacking.

Objective
To evaluate the effect of OMTh on chronic symptoms of MS.

Methods
Patients with MS who were evaluated at the neurology clinic at Genoa University in Italy were recruited for this study. Participants received 5 forty-minute MS health education sessions (control group) or 5 OMTh sessions (OMTh group). All participants completed a questionnaire that assessed their level of clinical disability, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and quality of life before the first session, 1 week after the final session, and 6 months after the final session. The Extended Disability Status Scale, a modified Fatigue Impact Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey were used to assess clinical disability, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and quality of life, respectively.

Results
Twenty-two participants were included in the study (10 in the control group and 12 in the OMTh group). In the OMTh group, statistically significant improvements in fatigue and depression were found 1 week after the final session (P=.002 and P<.001, respectively). An increase in quality of life was also found in the OMTh group 1 week after the final session (P=.36).

Conclusion
Results demonstrate that OMTh should be considered in the treatment of patients with chronic symptoms of MS.
Addressing the Increased Incidence of Common Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: McMurray Megan , Armstrong Mianna , Paulson John 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States include genital herpes, HIV, and human papilloma virus. In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released a report detailing a surge in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis infections in the United States. The authors summarize current trends and discuss epidemiologic factors, disease burden, and patient care. It is important to be aware of the recent increases in these 3 STIs and to be prepared to screen for, diagnose, and manage these infections and their complications.
Labeling of Collagen Type I Templates with a Naturally Derived Contrast Agent for Noninvasive MR Imaging in Soft Tissue Engineering
Authors: Janke Heinz P. , Güvener Nihan , Dou Weiqiang , Tiemessen Dorien M. , YantiSetiasti Anglita , Cremers Jozef G. O. , Borm Paul J. A. , Feitz Wout F. J. , Heerschap Arend , Kiessling Fabian , Oosterwijk Egbert 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn vivo monitoring of tissue‐engineered constructs is important to assess their integrity, remodeling, and degradation. However, this is challenging when the contrast with neighboring tissues is low, necessitating labeling with contrast agents (CAs), but current CAs have limitations (i.e., toxicity, negative contrast, label instability, and/or inappropriate size). Therefore, a naturally derived hemin‐L‐lysine (HL) complex is used as a potential CA to label collagen‐based templates for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Labeling does not change the basic characteristics of the collagen templates. When hybrid templates composed of collagen type I reinforced with degradable polymers are subcutaneously implanted in mice, longitudinal visualization by MRI is possible with good contrast and in correlation with template remodeling. In contrast, unlabeled collagen templates are hardly detectable and the fate of these templates cannot be monitored by MRI. Interestingly, tissue remodeling and vascularization are enhanced within HL‐labeled templates. Thus, HL labeling is presented as a promising universal imaging marker to label tissue‐engineered implants for MRI, which additionally seems to accelerate tissue regeneration.
Spontaneous Formation of Noble‐ and Heavy‐Metal‐Free Alloyed Semiconductor Quantum Rods for Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Dechao , Zhang Huayang , Li Yunguo , Pang Yingping , Yin Zongyou , Sun Hongqi , Zhang Lai‐Chang , Wang Shaobin , Saunders Martin , Barker Emily , Jia Guohua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractQuasi‐1D cadmium chalcogenide quantum rods (QRs) are benchmark semiconductor materials that are combined with noble metals to constitute QR heterostructures for efficient photocatalysis. However, the high toxicity of cadmium and cost of noble metals are the main obstacles to their widespread use. Herein, a facile colloidal synthetic approach is reported that leads to the spontaneous formation of cadmium‐free alloyed ZnSxSe1−x QRs from polydisperse ZnSe nanowires by alkylthiol etching. The obtained non‐noble‐metal ZnSxSe1−x QRs can not only be directly adopted as efficient photocatalysts for water oxidation, showing a striking oxygen evolution capability of 3000 µmol g−1 h−1, but also be utilized to prepare QR‐sensitized TiO2 photoanodes which present enhanced photo‐electrochemical (PEC) activity. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations reveal that alloyed ZnSxSe1−x QRs have highly active Zn sites on the (100) surface and reduced energy barrier for oxygen evolution, which in turn, are beneficial to their outstanding photocatalytic and PEC activities.
Energy Level Alignment at Interfaces in Metal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Shenghao , Sakurai Takeaki , Wen Weijia , Qi Yabing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe rapid progress of organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has attracted broad interest in photovoltaic community. A typical PSC consists of anode/cathode, a perovskite layer as absorber, and carrier transport layer(s) (electron/hole transport layer(s)), which are stacked together, resulting in multi‐interfaces between these layers. Charge extraction and transport in these solar cell devices are strongly influenced by the interfaces and in particular the energy level alignment (ELA). It is the synergy of multiple interfaces and bulk films embedded in the cell architecture that has led to the extraordinary success of PSCs. Here, the authors review the progress of the studies on energy level alignment in PSCs, including several sections: methods for deriving ELA, semiconductor type of perovskite, bottom layer–dependent energy level shift of perovskite, density of states–governed ELA, ELA for specific interfaces, instability‐induced ELA variation, and defects and ion migration–induced ELA variation. Perspective and outlook for precisely determining ELA, designing the device architecture, and fabricating high performance PSCs are discussed.
Optoelectronic Diamond: Growth, Properties, and Photodetection Applications
Authors: Lu Ying‐Jie , Lin Chao‐Nan , Shan Chong‐Xin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDeep ultraviolet photodetectors have attracted much attention due to their wide applications in the industrial, military, biological and environmental fields. Diamond has a variety of unique characteristics, including a wide bandgap, high thermal conductivity, high breakdown voltage, high carrier mobility, and high radiation hardness, which make it a promising candidate for deep ultraviolet photodetection. With the development of diamond synthesis technology, diamond‐based photodetectors have been extensively studied. This study reviews the recent progress involving various types of diamond‐based photodetectors, including photoconductors, metal–semiconductor–metal photodiodes, Schottky barrier photodiodes, p–n, and p–i–n photodiodes, heterojunctions, and phototransistors.
High‐Efficiency Metasurfaces: Principles, Realizations, and Applications
Authors: He Qiong , Sun Shulin , Xiao Shiyi , Zhou Lei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces are planar metamaterials exhibiting certain inhomogeneous phase distributions for transmitted or reflected waves, which can efficiently reshape the wave‐fronts of incident beams in desired manners based on the Huygens principle. Due to their exotic abilities to freely manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves on a flat and ultrathin platform, metasurfaces have attracted intensive attention recently, resulting in numerous new concepts and effects that could possibly find applications in many different aspects. In this article, the key achievements in this field are briefly summarized, with focus put on the efficiency issue of metasurfaces. After introducing the basic concept of metasurfaces and their early realizations, successively the mechanisms and realizations of high‐efficiency metasurfaces are described: for manipulating linearly polarized EM waves in reflection and transmission geometries, and for manipulating circularly polarized EM waves based on the geometric‐phase concept, using plasmonic materials as well as dielectric ones. Then, several important applications of high‐efficiency metasurfaces are summarized, including polarization control, metaholograms, metalenses, and surface wave couplers. Finally, this review is concluded with personal perspectives on the future directions of this rapidly growing research field.
Treatment of young adults with Philadelphia‐negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma: Hyper‐CVAD vs. pediatric‐inspired regimens
Authors: Siegel Stuart E. , Advani Anjali , Seibel Nita , Muffly Lori , Stock Wendy , Luger Selina , Shah Bijal , DeAngelo Daniel J. , Freyer David R. , Douer Dan , Johnson Rebecca H. , Hayes‐Lattin Brandon , Lewis Mark , Jaboin Jerry J. , Coccia Peter F. , Bleyer Archie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, pediatric‐based regimens are likely to provide the following when compared to hyper‐CVAD regimens: better disease control, less hospitalization time, diminished acute toxicities, decreased financial cost, more quality‐adjusted life years, and fewer adverse late effects, such as infertility, myelodysplasia, and second malignant neoplasms. There are also reasons to expect less cardiac and cognitive dysfunction after pediatric regimens. The improved quality and quantity of life associated with pediatric regimens renders them preferable to hyper‐CVAD regimens for the treatment of Philadelphia‐negative B‐precursor or T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma in young adults.
Crystalline Covalent Triazine Frameworks by In Situ Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehyde Monomers
Authors: Liu Manying , Huang Qi , Wang Shaolei , Li Ziyong , Li Buyi , Jin Shangbin , Tan Bien 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCovalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) with aromatic triazine linkages have recently received increasing interest for various applications because of their rich nitrogen content and high chemical stability. Owing to the strong aromatic C=N bond and high chemical stability, only a few CTFs are crystalline, and most CTFs are amorphous. Herein we report a new general strategy to give highly crystalline CTFs by in situ formation of aldehyde monomers through the controlled oxidation of alcohols. This general strategy allows a series of crystalline CTFs with different monomers to be prepared, which are shown to have higher thermal stability and enhanced performance in photocatalysis as compared with the less crystalline or amorphous CTFs. This open‐system approach is very simple and convenient, which presents a potential pathway to large‐scale industrial production of crystalline CTFs.
Cellular Studies of an Aminoglycoside Potentiator Reveal a New Inhibitor of Aminoglycoside Resistance
Authors: Guan Jinming , Vong Kenward , Wee Kathleen , Fakhoury Johans , Dullaghan Edie , Auclair Karine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAminoglycosides are a group of broad‐spectrum antibiotics that have been used in the clinic for almost a century. The rapid spread of bacterial genes coding for aminoglycoside‐modifying enzymes has, however, dramatically decreased the utility of aminoglycosides. We have previously reported several aminoglycoside potentiators that work by inhibiting aminoglycoside N‐6′‐acetyltransferase, one of the most common determinants of aminoglycoside resistance. Among these, prodrugs that combine the structure of an aminoglycoside with that of pantothenate into one molecule are especially promising. We report here a series of cellular studies to investigate the activity and mechanism of action of these prodrugs further. Our results reveal a new aminoglycoside resistance inhibitor, as well as the possibility that these prodrugs are transformed into more than one inhibitor in bacteria. We also report that the onset of the potentiators is rapid. Their low cell cytotoxicity, good stability, and potentiation of various aminoglycosides, against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, make them interesting compounds for the development of new drugs.
Fullerene Building Blocks with Tailor‐Made Solubility and New Insights into Their Hierarchical Self‐Assembly
Authors: Pérez‐Ojeda M. Eugenia , Wabra Isabell , Böttcher Christoph , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerein, the synthesis of fullerene derivatives with adjustable polarities and lyotropic aggregation properties is reported. The polarity range spans from superhydrophobic to hydrophilic, while simultaneously providing a further reactive position with a view to graft them onto other materials. The synthetic strategy relies on a selective protection with an isoxazoline moiety. The remaining octahedral positions were further functionalized with the desired groups to tune their solubility, yielding mixed [5:1] hexakisadducts. The subsequent deprotection by clean photolytic reaction led to fullerene pentakisadducts with an incomplete octahedral addition pattern, which are useful forerunners for the synthesis of building blocks. Their hydrophobic/hydrophilic behavior has been characterized both in solution and surface through octanol/water partition coefficients (log P) and contact angle measurements. Furthermore, these derivatives can form supramolecular constructions which have been studied by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryo‐TEM.
Multi‐label feature selection with application to TCM state identification
Authors: Dai Liang , Zhang Jia , Li Candong , Zhou Changen , Li Shaozi 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe goal of TCM state identification is to identify the patient's syndromes and locations and natures of diseases according to symptoms. Generally, symptoms of a patient are associated with several syndromes and multiple locations and natures of diseases; hence, the TCM state identification is a typical multi‐label problem. In this paper, a new method is proposed to predict syndromes and locations and natures of diseases according to the diagnostic information of TCM. In detail, the correlation between features and the correlation between class labels are combined into a new uniform feature space. After that, the MDMR algorithm is used to select the most discriminatory features from the new uniform feature space, which is helpful to reduce the data dimensionality. Lastly, a KNN‐like algorithm is modified to calculate the label similarity of test data, and the finite set of labels of test data is predicted by ML‐KNN. In this paper, the test data is collected by Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine according to the theory of TCM and medical ethics. The experiments show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to some other popular methods and is helpful in the identification of health state in TCM.