bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptom prevalence and management in older adult patients in Lebanon
Authors: Huijer Huda Abu-Saad , Fares Souha , Bejjani Rachele , Dhaini Suzanne , Noureddine Samar , Ghusn Husam 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore symptoms and the effectiveness of their management in older adult palliative care candidates in Lebanon. The aims of this study were to: (1) determine symptom prevalence in Lebanese older adults who qualify for palliative care; (2) identify the severity and distress of symptoms; (3) identify the prevalence of symptom management and its efficacy; and (4) explore the relationship between overall symptom burden and its correlates.MethodThis study uses an observational cross-sectional design using convenience sampling (N = 203) to recruit older adults qualifying for palliative care from three major medical centers in Lebanon.ResultThe mean age of the sample was 78.61 years. The most prevalent symptoms were lack of energy (93.5%), worrying (83.2%), and pain (71.4%). Psychological symptoms had the highest mean scores, preceded only by the physical symptoms and lack of energy. The most treated symptoms were physical with pain having the highest treatment prevalence (91%). Although psychological symptoms were the most burdensome, they were poorly treated. Multiple regression analysis showed that symptom scores had significant positive associations with financial status, social functioning, and comorbidities; there was a negative association with age.Significance of resultsLack of energy and psychological symptoms were the most prevalent, with the latter having the highest mean total symptom scores. Treatment was poor for psychological symptoms and effective for physical ones. Associations were found between age, comorbidity, financial problems, social functioning, and total physical and psychological mean symptom burden scores. More attention needs to be given to psychological symptoms and their management among older adults receiving palliative care.
The Influence of Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Indices on Lower Band Chorus Emissions in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Boynton R. J. , Aryan H. , Walker S. N. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Balikhin M. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStatistical wave models, describing the distribution of wave amplitudes as a function of location, geomagnetic activity, and other parameters, are needed as the basis to describe the wave‐particle interactions within numerical models of the radiation belts. In this study, we widen the scope of the statistical wave models by investigating which of the solar wind parameters or geomagnetic indices and their time lags have the greatest influence on the amplitudes of lower band chorus (LBC) waves in the inner magnetosphere. The solar wind parameters or geomagnetic indices with the greatest control over the waves were found using the error reduction ratio (ERR) analysis, which plays a key role in system identification modeling techniques. In this application, the LBC magnitudes at different locations are considered as the output data, while the lagged solar wind parameters are the input data. The ERR analysis automatically determines a set of the most influential parameters that explain the variations in the emissions. Both linear and nonlinear applications of the ERR analysis are compared using solar wind inputs and show that the linear ERR analysis can be misleading. The linear results show that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) factor has the most influence on at each magnetic local time (MLT) sector. However, the nonlinear ERR analysis shows that the IMF factor coupled with the solar wind velocity has the main contribution to the LBC wave magnitudes. When geomagnetic indices are included as inputs with the solar wind parameters to the nonlinear ERR analysis, the results show that the majority of the variation in emissions may be attributed to the Auroral Electrojet (AE) index. In the dawn sectors between 00 and 12 MLT and 5 < L < 7, the AE index multiplied by the solar wind velocity with zero time lag has the most influence on the amplitudes of LBC. For 5 < L < 7, the parameters with the highest ERR are the AE index multiplied by the solar wind velocity with a 2‐hr time lag at 12–16 MLT, the linear AE index with a 2‐hr time lag at 16–20 MLT, and AE index multiplied by the IMF factor with zero lag at 20–00 MLT. For 4 < L < 5, the parameters with the highest ERR are the AE index multiplied by the solar wind dynamic pressure with zero time lag at 00–04 MLT, the AE index multiplied by the solar wind velocity with zero time lag between 14 and 12 MLT, the AE index multiplied by the solar wind velocity with a 2‐hr time lag at 12–16 MLT, the Dst index with a 6‐hr time lag at 12–16 MLT, and the AE index multiplied by the IMF factor with zero lag at 20–00 MLT.
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer
Authors: Jensen Eric J. , Kärcher Bernd , Ueyama Rei , Pfister Leonhard , Bui Theopaul V. , Diskin Glenn S. , DiGangi Joshua P. , Woods Sarah , Lawson R. Paul , Froyd Karl D. , Murphy Daniel M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent laboratoryexperiments have advanced our understanding of heterogeneous ice nucleation at low temperatures. We use these laboratory results, along with field measurements of aerosol composition, to constrain a parameterization of heterogeneous nucleation rate dependence on temperature and supersaturation. We apply this nucleation parameterization in detailed simulations of transport and cloud formation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL, ≃14–18 km) constrained by high‐altitude aircraft measurements of TTL cirrus microphysical properties and supersaturation. The model results indicate that if the abundant TTL organic‐containing aerosols were effective glassy ice nuclei (IN), as indicated by laboratory experiments with simple sugars/acids, then heterogeneous nucleation would prevent the occurrences of large ice concentrations and large ice supersaturations, both of which are clearly indicated by the in situ observations. If glassy organic aerosols are relatively poor IN, as indicated by laboratory experiments with more atmospherically relevant secondary organic aerosol‐like composition, then the simulated ice concentrations and supersaturations are in reasonable agreement with the observations. Concentrations of effective mineral dust or ammonium sulfate IN larger than about 50/L can drive significant changes in cirrus microphysical properties and occurrence frequency. The cloud occurrence frequency can either increase or decrease, depending on the efficacy and abundance of IN added to the TTL. Relatively low TTL concentrations of mineral dust particles (≤10 L−1 indicated by the limited available field measurements) have negligible impact on cirrus frequencies or microphysical properties. Given the assortment of uncertainties, meaningful estimates of TTL aerosol‐cirrus indirect effects on radiative forcing are likely not possible at this time.
WISHE‐Moisture Mode in an Aquaplanet Simulation
Authors: Shi Xiaoming , Kim Daehyun , Adames Ángel F. , Sukhatme Jai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aims to understand the nature of the tropical intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) in an aquaplanet simulation performed using Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's AM2.1 with a uniform sea surface temperature within the deep tropics. The simulated ISO resembles the observed Madden‐Julian Oscillation in that the spectral peak in precipitation appears at zonal wave number 1 and a period of ~60 days. Vertically integrated moist static energy budget of the simulated ISO shows that enhanced latent heat flux to the east of anomalously active convection causes eastward propagation of the ISO mode, which is weakly opposed by horizontal moisture advection. A series of mechanism denial experiments are conducted either by homogenizing select variables—surface wind stress, longwave radiative heating, and surface evaporation—with their zonal means from the control simulation or by suppressing free‐tropospheric moisture variation. Results of the mechanism denial experiments show that the simulated ISO disappears when the interactive surface evaporation is disabled, suggesting that the wind‐induced surface heat exchange (WISHE) mechanism is essential to the simulated ISO. Longwave cloud‐radiation feedbacks and moisture‐convection feedbacks affect horizontal scale and phase speed of the simulated ISO, respectively. Our results strongly suggest that the simulated ISO is the linear WISHE‐moisture mode of Fuchs and Raymond under horizontally uniform boundary conditions.
Brain monoamine oxidase A in seasonal affective disorder and treatment with bright light therapy
Authors: Spies Marie , James Gregory M. , Vraka Chrysoula , Philippe Cécile , Hienert Marius , Gryglewski Gregor , Komorowski Arkadiusz , Kautzky Alexander , Silberbauer Leo , Pichler Verena , Kranz Georg S. , Nics Lukas , Balber Theresa , Baldinger-Melich Pia , Vanicek Thomas , Spurny Benjamin , Winkler-Pjrek Edda , Wadsak Wolfgang , Mitterhauser Markus , Hacker Marcus , Kasper Siegfried , Lanzenberger Rupert , Winkler Dietmar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIncreased cerebral monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels have been shown in non-seasonal depression using positron emission tomography (PET). Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a sub-form of major depressive disorder and is typically treated with bright light therapy (BLT). The serotonergic system is affected by season and light. Hence, this study aims to assess the relevance of brain MAO-A levels to the pathophysiology and treatment of SAD. Changes to cerebral MAO-A distribution (1) in SAD in comparison to healthy controls (HC), (2) after treatment with BLT and (3) between the seasons, were investigated in 24 patients with SAD and 27 HC using [11C]harmine PET. PET scans were performed in fall/winter before and after 3 weeks of placebo-controlled BLT, as well as in spring/summer. Cerebral MAO-A distribution volume (VT, an index of MAO-A density) did not differ between patients and HC at any of the three time-points. However, MAO-A VT decreased from fall/winter to spring/summer in the HC group (F1, 187.84 = 4.79, p < 0.050), while SAD showed no change. In addition, BLT, but not placebo, resulted in a significant reduction in MAO-A VT (F1, 208.92 = 25.96, p < 0.001). This is the first study to demonstrate an influence of BLT on human cerebral MAO-A levels in vivo. Furthermore, we show that SAD may lack seasonal dynamics in brain MAO-A levels. The lack of a cross-sectional difference between patients and HC, in contrast to studies in non-seasonal depression, may be due to the milder symptoms typically shown by patients with SAD.
Brain responses to different types of salience in antipsychotic naïve first episode psychosis: An fMRI study
Authors: Knolle Franziska , Ermakova Anna O , Justicia Azucena , Fletcher Paul C , Bunzeck Nico , Düzel Emrah , Murray Graham K 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAbnormal salience processing has been suggested to contribute to the formation of positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia and related conditions. Previous research utilising reward learning or anticipation paradigms has demonstrated cortical and subcortical abnormalities in people with psychosis, specifically in the prefrontal cortex, the dopaminergic midbrain and the striatum. In these paradigms, reward prediction errors attribute motivational salience to stimuli. However, little is known about possible abnormalities across different forms of salience processing in psychosis patients, and whether any such abnormalities involve the dopaminergic midbrain. The aim of our study was, therefore, to investigate possible alterations in psychosis in neural activity in response to various forms of salience: novelty, negative emotion, targetness (task-driven salience) and rareness/deviance. We studied 14 antipsychotic naïve participants with first episode psychosis, and 37 healthy volunteers. During fMRI scanning, participants performed a visual oddball task containing these four forms of salience. Psychosis patients showed abnormally reduced signalling in the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) for novelty, negative emotional salience and targetness; reduced striatal and occipital (lingual gyrus) signalling to novelty and negative emotional salience, reduced signalling in the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex and parahippocamal gyrus to negative emotional salience, and reduced cerebellar signalling to novelty and negative emotional salience. Our results indicate alterations of several forms of salience processing in patients with psychosis in the midbrain SN/VTA, with additional subcortical and cortical regions also showing alterations in salience signalling, the exact pattern of alterations depending on the form of salience in question.
Somatic Trp53 mutations differentially drive breast cancer and evolution of metastases
Authors: Zhang Yun , Xiong Shunbin , Liu Bin , Pant Vinod , Celii Francis , Chau Gilda , Elizondo-Fraire Ana C. , Yang Peirong , You Mingjian James , El-Naggar Adel K. , Navin Nicholas E. , Lozano Guillermina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTP53 mutations are the most frequent genetic alterations in breast cancer and are associated with more aggressive disease and worse overall survival. We have created two conditional mutant Trp53 alleles in the mouse that allow expression of Trp53R172H or Trp53R245W missense mutations in single cells surrounded by a normal stroma and immune system. Mice with Trp53 mutations in a few breast epithelial cells develop breast cancers with high similarity to human breast cancer including triple negative. p53R245W tumors are the most aggressive and exhibit metastases to lung and liver. Development of p53R172H breast tumors with some metastases requires additional hits. Sequencing of primary tumors and metastases shows p53R245W drives a parallel evolutionary pattern of metastases. These in vivo models most closely simulate the genesis of human breast cancer and will thus be invaluable in testing novel therapeutic options.
Nordic Seas polynyas and their role in preconditioning marine productivity during the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Knies Jochen , Köseoğlu Denizcan , Rise Leif , Baeten Nicole , Bellec Valérie K. , Bøe Reidulv , Klug Martin , Panieri Giuliana , Jernas Patrycja E. , Belt Simon T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractArctic and Antarctic polynyas are crucial sites for deep-water formation, which helps sustain global ocean circulation. During glacial times, the occurrence of polynyas proximal to expansive ice sheets in both hemispheres has been proposed to explain limited ocean ventilation and a habitat requirement for marine and higher-trophic terrestrial fauna. Nonetheless, their existence remains equivocal, not least due to the hitherto paucity of sufficiently characteristic proxy data. Here we demonstrate polynya formation in front of the NW Eurasian ice sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which resulted from katabatic winds blowing seaward of the ice shelves and upwelling of warm, sub-surface Atlantic water. These polynyas sustained ice-sheet build-up, ocean ventilation, and marine productivity in an otherwise glacial Arctic desert. Following the catastrophic meltwater discharge from the collapsing ice sheets at ~17.5 ka BP, polynya formation ceased, marine productivity declined dramatically, and sea ice expanded rapidly to cover the entire Nordic Seas.
Uniform doping of graphene close to the Dirac point by polymer-assisted assembly of molecular dopants
Authors: He Hans , Kim Kyung Ho , Danilov Andrey , Montemurro Domenico , Yu Liyang , Park Yung Woo , Lombardi Floriana , Bauch Thilo , Moth-Poulsen Kasper , Iakimov Tihomir , Yakimova Rositsa , Malmberg Per , Müller Christian , Kubatkin Sergey , Lara-Avila Samuel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTuning the charge carrier density of two-dimensional (2D) materials by incorporating dopants into the crystal lattice is a challenging task. An attractive alternative is the surface transfer doping by adsorption of molecules on 2D crystals, which can lead to ordered molecular arrays. However, such systems, demonstrated in ultra-high vacuum conditions (UHV), are often unstable in ambient conditions. Here we show that air-stable doping of epitaxial graphene on SiC—achieved by spin-coating deposition of 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-quino-dimethane (F4TCNQ) incorporated in poly(methyl-methacrylate)—proceeds via the spontaneous accumulation of dopants at the graphene-polymer interface and by the formation of a charge-transfer complex that yields low-disorder, charge-neutral, large-area graphene with carrier mobilities ~70 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at cryogenic temperatures. The assembly of dopants on 2D materials assisted by a polymer matrix, demonstrated by spin-coating wafer-scale substrates in ambient conditions, opens up a scalable technological route toward expanding the functionality of 2D materials.
Spatial heterogeneity as the structure feature for structure–property relationship of metallic glasses
Authors: Zhu Fan , Song Shuangxi , Reddy Kolan Madhav , Hirata Akihiko , Chen Mingwei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe mechanical properties of crystalline materials can be quantitatively described by crystal defects of solute atoms, dislocations, twins, and grain boundaries with the models of solid solution strengthening, Taylor strain hardening and Hall–Petch grain boundary strengthening. However, for metallic glasses, a well-defined structure feature which dominates the mechanical properties of the disordered materials is still missing. Here, we report that nanoscale spatial heterogeneity is the inherent structural feature of metallic glasses. It has an intrinsic correlation with the strength and deformation behavior. The strength and Young’s modulus of metallic glasses can be defined by the function of the square root reciprocal of the characteristic length of the spatial heterogeneity. Moreover, the stretching exponent of time-dependent strain relaxation can be quantitatively described by the characteristic length. Our study provides compelling evidence that the spatial heterogeneity is a feasible structural indicator for portraying mechanical properties of metallic glasses.
16-qubit IBM universal quantum computer can be fully entangled
Authors: Wang Yuanhao , Li Ying , Yin Zhang-qi , Zeng Bei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEntanglement is an important evidence that a quantum device can potentially solve problems intractable for classical computers. In this paper, we prepare connected graph states involving 8 to 16 qubits onibmqx5, a 16-qubit superconducting quantum processor accessible via IBM cloud, using low-depth circuits. We demonstrate that the prepared state is fully entangled, i.e., the state is inseparable with respect to any fixed partition.
Integration of Molecular Interactome and Targeted Interaction Analysis to Identify a COPD Disease Network Module
Authors: Sharma Amitabh , Kitsak Maksim , Cho Michael H. , Ameli Asher , Zhou Xiaobo , Jiang Zhiqiang , Crapo James D. , Beaty Terri H. , Menche Jörg , Bakke Per S. , Santolini Marc , Silverman Edwin K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe polygenic nature of complex diseases offers potential opportunities to utilize network-based approaches that leverage the comprehensive set of protein-protein interactions (the human interactome) to identify new genes of interest and relevant biological pathways. However, the incompleteness of the current human interactome prevents it from reaching its full potential to extract network-based knowledge from gene discovery efforts, such as genome-wide association studies, for complex diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we provide a framework that integrates the existing human interactome information with experimental protein-protein interaction data for FAM13A, one of the most highly associated genetic loci to COPD, to find a more comprehensive disease network module. We identified an initial disease network neighborhood by applying a random-walk method. Next, we developed a network-based closeness approach (CAB) that revealed 9 out of 96 FAM13A interacting partners identified by affinity purification assays were significantly close to the initial network neighborhood. Moreover, compared to a similar method (local radiality), the CAB approach predicts low-degree genes as potential candidates. The candidates identified by the network-based closeness approach were combined with the initial network neighborhood to build a comprehensive disease network module (163 genes) that was enriched with genes differentially expressed between controls and COPD subjects in alveolar macrophages, lung tissue, sputum, blood, and bronchial brushing datasets. Overall, we demonstrate an approach to find disease-related network components using new laboratory data to overcome incompleteness of the current interactome.
Dynamics of liquid-liquid phase separation of wheat gliadins
Authors: Boire Adeline , Sanchez Christian , Morel Marie-Hélène , Lettinga Minne Paul , Menut Paul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring wheat seeds development, storage proteins are synthetized and subsequently form dense protein phases, also called Protein Bodies (PBs). The mechanisms of PBs formation and the supramolecular assembly of storage proteins in PBs remain unclear. In particular, there is an apparent contradiction between the low solubility in water of storage proteins and their high local dynamics in dense PBs. Here, we probe the interplay between short-range attraction and long-range repulsion of a wheat gliadin isolate by investigating the dynamics of liquid-liquid phase separation after temperature quench. We do so using time-resolved small angle light scattering, phase contrast microscopy and rheology. We show that gliadins undergo liquid-liquid phase separation through Nucleation and Growth or Spinodal Decomposition depending on the quench depth. They assemble into dense phases but remain in a liquid-like state over an extended range of temperatures and concentrations. The analysis of phase separation kinetics reveals that the attraction strength of gliadins is in the same order of magnitude as other proteins. We discuss the respective role of competing interactions, protein intrinsic disorder, hydration and polydispersity in promoting local dynamics and providing this liquid-like behavior despite attractive forces.