bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale Processes during the Genesis of Hurricane Karl (2010)
Authors: Bell Michael M. , Montgomery Michael T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Observations from the Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud Systems in the Tropics (PREDICT), Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP), and Intensity Forecast Experiment (IFEX) field campaigns are analyzed to investigate the mesoscale processes leading to the tropical cyclogenesis of Hurricane Karl (2010). Research aircraft missions provided Doppler radar, in situ flight level, and dropsonde data documenting the structural changes of the predepression disturbance. Following the pre-Karl wave pouch, variational analyses at the meso-β and meso-α scales suggest that the convective cycle in Karl alternately built the low- and midlevel circulations leading to genesis episodically rather than through a sustained lowering of the convective mass flux from increased stabilization. Convective bursts that erupt in the vorticity-rich environment of the recirculating pouch region enhance the low-level meso-β- and meso-α-scale circulation through vortex stretching. As the convection wanes, the resulting stratiform precipitation strengthens the midlevel circulation through convergence associated with ice microphysical processes, protecting the disturbance from the intrusion of dry environmental air. Once the column saturation fraction returns to a critical value, a subsequent convective burst below the midlevel circulation further enhances the low-level circulation, and the convective cycle repeats. The analyses suggest that the onset of deep convection and associated low-level spinup were closely related to the coupling of the vorticity and moisture fields at low and midlevels. Our interpretation of the observational analysis presented in this study reaffirms a primary role of deep convection in the genesis process and provides a hypothesis for the supporting role of stratiform precipitation and the midlevel vortex.
Digital Manipulation of Images of Models' Appearance in Advertising: Strategies for Action Through Law and Corporate Social Responsibility Incentives to Protect Public Health
Authors: McBride Caitlin , Costello Nancy , Ambwani Suman , Wilhite Breanne , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContext:Widespread digital retouching of advertising imagery in the fashion, beauty, and other consumer industries promotes unrealistic beauty standards that have harmful effects on public health. In particular, exposure to misleading beauty imagery is linked with greater body dissatisfaction, worse mood, poorer self-esteem, and increased risk for disordered eating behaviors. Moreover, given the social, psychological, medical, and economic burden of eating disorders, there is an urgent need to address environmental risk factors and to scale up prevention efforts by increasing the regulation of digitally altered advertising imagery.Methods:This manuscript summarizes the health research literature linking digital retouching of advertising to increased risk of eating disorders, disordered weight and appearance control behaviors, and body dissatisfaction in consumers, followed by a review of global policy initiatives designed to regulate digital retouching to reduce health harms to consumers. Next, we turn to the US legal context, reporting on findings generated through legal research via Westlaw and LexisNexis, congressional records, federal agency websites, law review articles, and Supreme Court opinions, in addition to consulting legal experts on both tax law and the First Amendment, to evaluate the viability of various policy initiatives proposed to strengthen regulation on digital retouching in the United States.Findings:Influencing advertising practices via tax incentives combined with corporate social responsibility initiatives may be the most constitutionally feasible options for the US legal context to reduce the use of digitally alternated images of models' bodies in advertising.Conclusions:Policy and corporate initiatives to curtail use of digitally altered images found to be harmful to mental and behavioral health of consumers could reduce the burden of eating disorders, disordered weight and appearance control behaviors, and body dissatisfaction and thereby improve population health in the United States.
Systematic review of the psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures for rheumatoid arthritis in the foot and ankle
Authors: Ortega-Avila Ana Belen , Ramos-Petersen Laura , Cervera-Garvi Pablo , Nester Christopher J , Morales-Asencio José Miguel , Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To identify self-reported outcome measures specific to the foot and ankle in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to investigate the methodological quality and psychometric properties of these measures. Method: A systematic review focusing on patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Setting: The search was conducted in the PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, PEDro and Google Scholar databases, based on the following inclusion criteria: population (with rheumatoid arthritis) > 18 years; psychometric or clinimetric validation studies of patient-reported outcomes specific to the foot and ankle, in different languages, with no time limit. Two of the present authors independently assessed the quality of the studies located and extracted the relevant data. Terwee’s criteria and the COSMIN checklist were employed to ensure adequate methodological quality. Results: Of the initial 431 studies considered, 14 met the inclusion criteria, representing 7,793 patients (56.8 years). These instruments were grouped into three dimensions (pain, perceived health status and quality of life and disability). The time to complete any of the PROMs varies around 15 minutes. PROMs criterias with the worst scores by COSMIN, 92.85% and 85.71% were criterion validity, measurement error, internal consistency and responsiveness. 28.57% of PROMs were compared with the measurement properties. Conclusion: the Self-Reported Foot and Ankle Score achieved the highest number of positive criteria (according to Terwee and COSMIN), and is currently the most appropriate for patients with Rheumatoid arthritis.
Therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction models of schizophrenia
Authors: Pei Ju-Chun , Hung Wei-Li , Lin Bei-Xuan , Shih Min-Han , Lu Liang-Yin , Luo Da-Zhong , Tai Hwan-Ching , Studer Vincent , Min Ming-Yuan , Lai Wen-Sung 
Published: July 2019

Background: Compelling animal and clinical studies support the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia and suggest promising pharmacological agents to ameliorate negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, including sarcosine, a glycine transporter-1 inhibitor. Aims and methods: It is imperative to evaluate the therapeutic potential of sarcosine in animal models, which provide indispensable tools for testing drug effects in detail and elucidating the underlying mechanisms. In this study, a series of seven experiments was conducted to investigate the effect of sarcosine in ameliorating behavioral deficits and the underlying mechanism in pharmacological (i.e., MK-801-induced) and genetic (i.e., serine racemase-null mutant (SR−/−) mice) NMDAR hypofunction models. Results: In Experiment 1, the acute administration of 500/1000 mg/kg sarcosine (i.p.) had no adverse effects on motor function and serum biochemical responses. In Experiments 2–4, sarcosine significantly alleviated MK-801-induced (0.2 mg/kg) brain abnormalities and behavioral deficits in MK-801-induced and SR−/− mouse models. In Experiment 5, the injection of sarcosine enhanced CSF levels of glycine and serine in rat brain. In Experiments 6–7, we show for the first time that sarcosine facilitated NMDAR-mediated hippocampal field excitatory postsynaptic potentials and influenced the movement of surface NMDARs at extrasynaptic sites. Conclusions: Sarcosine effectively regulated the surface trafficking of NMDARs, NMDAR-evoked electrophysiological activity, brain glycine levels and MK-801-induced abnormalities in the brain, which contributed to the amelioration of behavioral deficits in mouse models of NMDAR hypofunction.
Adjunctive minocycline for major mental disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhu Xiao-Min , Zhang Qing-E , Cheng Gen , Cai Dong-Bin , He Jie , Ng Chee H , Ungvari Gabor S , Peng Xiao-Jiang , Ning Yu-Ping , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examined the efficacy and safety of minocycline for three major mental disorders: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: A systematic literature search of major electronic databases was conducted. Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy as defined by the respective studies, all-cause discontinuation, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) with standardized mean difference (SMD) and risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) was conducted using random-effects model. Quality assessment was performed with the Jadad scale and Cochrane risk of bias. Results: Sixteen RCTs ( n=1357) on minocycline (50–300 mg/day) for schizophrenia (13 RCTs, n=1196), bipolar depression (1 RCT, n=49), and MDD (2 RCTs, n=112) were analyzed separately by diagnosis. Twelve RCTs mentioned randomized allocation specifically; the weighted Jadad scores were 4.0. Adjunctive minocycline outperformed placebo in improving total psychopathology [SMD: −0.45 (95%CI: −0.73, −0.16), p=0.002; I2=77%], positive [SMD: −0.15 (95%CI: −0.28, −0.02), p=0.02; I2=0%], negative [SMD: −0.62 (95%CI: −0.95, −0.28), p=0.0003; I2=85%] and general psychopathology scores [SMD: −0.28 (95%CI: −0.53, −0.03), p=0.03; I2=59%] in schizophrenia. Minocycline showed no significant effect on depressive and manic symptoms in both bipolar depression and MDD. Minocycline caused significantly less headache ( p=0.02, number-needed-to-harm=14, 95%CI=5–14) than placebo in schizophrenia. All-cause discontinuation and other ADRs were similar between minocycline and placebo in each diagnostic category. Conclusion: In this meta-analysis, adjunctive minocycline appeared to be efficacious and safe for schizophrenia. However, the efficacy of adjunctive minocycline for bipolar depression or MDD could not be demonstrated. Review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42018102483
Diagnostic delay of cluster headache: A cohort study from the Danish Cluster Headache Survey
Authors: Frederiksen Hans-Henrik , Lund Nunu LT , Barloese Mads CJ , Petersen Anja S , Jensen Rigmor H 
Published: July 2019

Aim To investigate the influence of clinical and demographic features on diagnostic delay in cluster headache patients, in order to discuss diagnostic pitfalls and raise disease awareness. Methods A large, well-characterized cohort of 400 validated cluster headache patients from the Danish Cluster Headache Survey, diagnosed according to ICHD-II, were investigated. ANOVA was applied to investigate differences in diagnostic delay between groups. Selected independent variables were assessed in relation to diagnostic delay using a gamma regression model. Results Diagnostic delay was significantly reduced for each decade of cluster headache onset from 1950–2010 ( p < 0.001). Onset after 1990 was associated with shorter diagnostic delay (OR = 0.28, p < 0.001), whereas attack duration > 180 minutes (OR = 1.62, p < 0.034), migraine-like features (OR = 1.30, p < 0.043) and nocturnal attacks (OR = 1.39, p < 0.021) were associated with prolonged diagnostic delay. Further, diagnostic delay decreased with age of onset (age < 20: 13.8 years, age 20–40: 5.4 years and age > 40: 2.1 years, p < 0.001). Conclusion Diagnostic delay was reduced for every decade investigated, whereas some atypical cluster headache features were associated with prolonged diagnostic delay. Better medical education and more disease awareness are needed to prevent misdiagnosis and prolonged diagnostic delay.
Concepts of Mental Demands at Work That Protect Against Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hussenoeder Felix S. , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. , Conrad Ines , Rodriguez Francisca S. 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Workplace-related mental demands (WPMDs) are considered to be protective factors for cognitive health in old age and are linked to delayed onset of dementia. Yet, what exactly is meant by WPMDs differs greatly between studies, putting an enormous challenge on researchers and practitioners. Aim of our study was thus to create a systematic overview on WPMD concepts and to depict their associations with dementia and cognitive decline. Thereby, we want to create a solid basis for further work and implementation. Data Source: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: We included observational studies with populations older than 18 that addressed the association between WPMDs and dementia/cognitive functioning and that were published as journal articles. We excluded studies with emotional and physical demands, stress, and organizational frameworks such as exposure variables and quality of life, depressive symptoms, burnout, and Parkinson as outcome. Furthermore, we excluded study populations younger than 18 and students. Data Extraction: Standardized search string. Data Synthesis: Based on theoretical concepts. Results: Thirty-four studies that employed concepts of WPMDs in 5 different categories: complexity with people/data/things, cognitive demands, job control, novelty, and mental workload. Discussion: Challenges associated with categorizing WPMDs as well as theoretical and measurement-related implications are discussed. Conclusion: This review helps to better understand how workplaces can contribute to later life cognitive fitness, and it offers a conceptual overview for practitioners that want to create more protective working environments or improve existing ones.
Use of intravitreal dexamethasone implants in the treatment of diabetic macular edema: Expert recommendations using a Delphi approach
Authors: García Layana Alfredo , Adán Alfredo , Ascaso Francisco Javier , Cabrera Francisco , Donate Juan , Escobar Barranco José Juan , Peralta Gema , Reyes García Rebeca , Rodríguez Maqueda Mariano , Ruiz-Moreno José María , Vinagre Irene ,   MOMENTUM-D Study Group
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop guidance on the use of intravitreal dexamethasone implants in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. Method: The study was performed using the modified Delphi method to obtain a consensus among a panel of experts on management of patients with diabetic macular edema and use of intravitreal dexamethasone implants in clinical practice. Thirty-seven panel members, experts on retina, from different Spanish centers were invited to participate. Individual and anonymous opinions were asked by answering a 76-item questionnaire across 11 topic areas (two rounds were done). Level of agreement was assessed using a Likert-type scale of 9 points. Results: Agreement on “consensus” was reached during the first round in 63 items. The 13 remaining items underwent a second round of voting. After the second round, agreement on “consensus” was reached on five items. Finally, eight items remained without consensus. Conclusion: Intravitreal dexamethasone implants are useful in the treatment of patients with diabetic macular edema with different profiles, for example, pseudophakic, poor-adherents, vitrectomized, candidates for cataract surgery, patients with high inflammatory component, and with a history of cardiovascular events. The use of intravitreal dexamethasone reduces the number of visits and facilitates compliance. Experts thought that the switch from anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy to intravitreal dexamethasone implants should be done preferably after three injections. Also, pro re nata treatment provides better results in diabetic macular edema patients as it helps to prevent undertreatment. Finally, experts concluded that clinical guidelines and treatment protocols for diabetic macular edema need to be updated.
Unmet dental care needs in South Korea: how do they differ by insurance system?
Authors: Che Xianhua , Sohn Minsung , Park Hee-Jung 
Published: July 2019

Objectives This study aimed to analyse and compare the influence of National Health Insurance and Medical Aid coverage on the persistency of unmet dental care needs in South Korea. Methods This study was based on a longitudinal sample of 4461 adults aged 19 years and older who participated in the South Korea Health Panel from 2011 to 2014, using weights to make the data nationally representative. Propensity score matching was used to adjust the demographic, socioeconomic and health status information of National Health Insurance and Medical Aid groups. Panel logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between health insurance type and unmet dental needs for three consecutive years. Results The odds of the lowest income group reporting unmet dental care needs compared with the highest income group was 6.75 (confidence interval 5.94−7.67), which reduced to 4.19 (confidence interval 3.76−4.67) in the models including health insurance schemes. Additionally, Medical Aid recipients (odds ratio 2.49; 95% confidence interval 2.18−2.48) were more likely to have unmet needs than those covered by National Health Insurance. Conclusions The dental care needs of Medical Aid beneficiaries were not being met, unlike those of the National Health Insurance beneficiaries. Such evidence suggests that increasing health insurance coverage to include several essential dental services would improve the accessibility of dental care services for Medical Aid beneficiaries.
Cyanoacrylate Dermal Closure in Spine Surgery: Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis
Authors: Tan Terence , Rutges Joost , Marion Travis , Hunn Martin , Tee Jin 
Published: July 2019

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: Cyanoacrylate glue closure has been utilized for dermal closure in surgical incisions. Its safety and efficacy in spine surgery are not established. The authors perform a systematic review to determine the rate of surgical site infection (SSI), wound dehiscence, and wound erythema with cyanoacrylate dermal closure in spine surgery. Methods: A systematic review adhering to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed utilizing the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases on patients undergoing spine surgery with cyanoacrylate dermal closure. Pooled analysis was performed with stratification of patients according to spinal level and the presence/absence of instrumentation. Risk-of-bias and methodological quality was appraised using 17 prespecified criteria. Results: Five articles (1 retrospective cohort study, 4 cases series) with a total of 1282 patients were included. A total of 967 patients, all diagnosed with degenerative spine disease, were suitable for pooled analysis. In 290 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and in 23 patients with posterior cervical decompression (without instrumentation), there was 0% rate of SSI, wound dehiscence, and erythema. In 489 patients who underwent lumbar microdiscectomy, there was 0.41% rate of SSI, 0.20% rate of wound dehiscence, and 0.20% rate of wound erythema. In 165 lumbar laminectomy patients, there was a 1.82% rate of SSI, 0.61% rate of wound dehiscence, and 0% rate of wound erythema. Conclusion: Cyanoacrylate dermal closure for the aforementioned procedures is associated with low rates of wound complications (SSI, dehiscence, and erythema). Further studies should be performed, especially in nondegenerative surgery, instrumented thoracic and lumbar spine surgery.
The Safe Distance to the Popliteal Neurovascular Bundle in Pediatric Knee Arthroscopic Surgery: An Age-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomic Study
Authors: Schachne Jonathan M. , Heath Madison R. , Yen Yi-Meng , Shea Kevin G. , Green Daniel W. , Fabricant Peter D. 
Published: July 2019

Background: The close proximity of the popliteal neurovascular bundle to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus puts it at risk of compromise during lateral meniscal repair. This is particularly important in smaller pediatric patients, who are commonly treated for lateral meniscal abnormalities in isolation (discoid meniscus) or concomitantly with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Purpose: To quantify the distance between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the popliteal neurovascular bundle along the path of meniscal repair and to investigate for associations with age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and skeletal maturity. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 144 magnetic resonance imaging scans were evaluated in a cohort of patients aged 10 to 18 years without meniscal or ligament abnormalities. Measurements were made along a line from the anterolateral portal between the popliteal neurovascular bundle and the free edge, midpoint, and meniscocapsular junctions of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. In addition to descriptive statistics of these distances by age and sex, analyses of variance and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate for associations with age, sex, height, weight, BMI, and skeletal maturity. Results: Male participants had a significantly larger mean free edge distance (14.4 ± 2.5 vs 13.1 ± 2.5 mm, respectively; P = .005) and midpoint distance (9.6 ± 2.2 vs 8.9 ± 1.8 mm, respectively; P = .011) than female participants but not a significantly larger meniscocapsular distance (5.2 ± 1.6 vs 4.6 ± 1.4 mm, respectively; P = .096). Linear regression analyses revealed significant associations between these distances and age, height, weight, and BMI ( P < .001 for all). There were statistically significant pairwise differences for free edge and midpoint distances to the neurovascular bundle between patients with open and closed physes. Conclusion: The distance between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the popliteal vasculature along a trajectory from the standard anterolateral arthroscopic portal increases linearly throughout development between the ages of 10 and 18 years. There were also significant associations between height, weight, BMI, and skeletal maturity and these anatomic distances. Knowing the safe distance to the popliteal vasculature will increase the safety of arthroscopic lateral meniscal repair in children, especially with all-inside devices that require setting the penetration depth for the advancement of a sharp delivery device beyond the posterior capsule.
Fertility preservation in patients with hematologic malignancies and recipients of hematopoietic cell transplants
Authors: Loren Alison Wakoff , Senapati Suneeta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPatients with hematologic malignancies and those undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) face a complex set of challenges when considering options for fertility preservation (FP). There are no standard options for prepubertal children, and women with hematologic malignancies may not be eligible for standard FP options. Fortunately, initial therapies for most blood cancers are not highly gonadotoxic, affording an important opportunity for postremission counseling and referrals to fertility specialists. These patients face a high risk of relapse, and many will be referred for autologous or allogeneic HCT, which carries an extremely high risk of infertility. The expanding indications for HCT to include benign hematologic disorders as well as autoimmune diseases mandate that all hematologists are familiar with these risks. Oncofertility researchers are continually pushing the boundaries of what may be possible for our patients; in the meantime, communication and shared decision-making between hematologists and patients, as well as program-building, education, and outreach are essential to ensure that these patients, many of whom will be cured, maintain all of their options for a fulfilling life after intensive therapy.