bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallographic texture and mineral concentration quantification of developing and mature human incisal enamel
Authors: Al-Mosawi Mohammed , Davis Graham Roy , Bushby Andy , Montgomery Janet , Beaumont Julia , Al-Jawad Maisoon 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor human dental enamel, what is the precise mineralization progression spatially and the precise timing of mineralization? This is an important question in the fundamental understanding of matrix-mediated biomineralization events, but in particular because we can use our understanding of this natural tissue growth in humans to develop biomimetic approaches to repair and replace lost enamel tissue. It is important to understand human tissues in particular since different species have quite distinct spatial and temporal progression of mineralization. In this study, five human central incisors at different stages of enamel maturation/mineralization were spatially mapped using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray microtomography techniques. From the earliest developmental stage, two crystallite-orientation populations coexist with angular separations between the crystallite populations of approximately 40° varying as a function of position within the tooth crown. In general, one population had significantly lower texture magnitude and contributed a higher percentage to the overall crystalline structure, compared to the other population which contributed only 20–30% but had significantly higher texture magnitude. This quantitative analysis allows us to understand the complex and co-operative structure-function relationship between two populations of crystallites within human enamel. There was an increase in the mineral concentration from the enamel-dentin junction peripherally and from the incisal tip cervically as a function of maturation time. Quantitative backscattered-electron analyses showed that mineralization of prism cores precedes that of prism boundaries. These results provide new insights into the precise understanding of the natural growth of human enamel.
Thienoisoindigo-Based Semiconductor Nanowires Assembled with 2-Bromobenzaldehyde via Both Halogen and Chalcogen Bonding
Authors: Noh Juran , Jung Sungwoo , Koo Dong Geon , Kim Gyoungsik , Choi Kyoung Soon , Park JaeHong , Shin Tae Joo , Yang Changduk , Park Juhyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe fabricated nanowires of a conjugated oligomer and applied them to organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The supramolecular assemblies of a thienoisoindigo-based small molecular organic semiconductor (TIIG-Bz) were prepared by co-precipitation with 2-bromobenzaldehyde (2-BBA) via a combination of halogen bonding (XB) between the bromide in 2-BBA and electron-donor groups in TIIG-Bz, and chalcogen bonding (CB) between the aldehyde in 2-BBA and sulfur in TIIG-Bz. It was found that 2-BBA could be incorporated into the conjugated planes of TIIG-Bz via XB and CB pairs, thereby increasing the π − π stacking area between the conjugated planes. As a result, the driving force for one-dimensional growth of the supramolecular assemblies via π − π stacking was significantly enhanced. TIIG-Bz/2-BBA nanowires were used to fabricate OFETs, showing significantly enhanced charge transfer mobility compared to OFETs based on pure TIIG-Bz thin films and nanowires, which demonstrates the benefit of nanowire fabrication using 2-BBA.
Identifying critical edges in complex networks
Authors: Yu En-Yu , Chen Duan-Bing , Zhao Jun-Yan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe critical edges in complex networks are extraordinary edges which play more significant role than other edges on the structure and function of networks. The research on identifying critical edges in complex networks has attracted much attention because of its theoretical significance as well as wide range of applications. Considering the topological structure of networks and the ability to disseminate information, an edge ranking algorithm BCCMOD based on cliques and paths in networks is proposed in this report. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by SIR model, susceptibility index S and the size of giant component σ and compared with well-known existing metrics such as Jaccard coefficient, Bridgeness index, Betweenness centrality and Reachability index in nine real networks. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms these well-known methods in identifying critical edges both in network connectivity and spreading dynamic.
Distinct roles of the YPEL gene family in development and pathogenicity in the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe oryzae
Authors: Han Joon-Hee , Shin Jong-Hwan , Lee Yong-Hwan , Kim Kyoung Su 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMembers of the Yippee-like (YPEL) gene family are highly conserved in eukaryotes and are homologous to the Drosophila yippee gene. In this study, we functionally characterized two YPEL-homologous genes, MoYPEL1 and MoYPEL2, in the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae using the deletion mutants ΔMoypel1, ΔMoypel2, and ΔΔMoypel1,2. The MoYPEL1 deletion mutant was significantly defective in conidiation and unable to undergo appressorium development; however, deletion of MoYPEL2 resulted in a significant increase in conidiation and the abnormal development of two appressoria per conidium. These data demonstrate the opposite roles of each member of the YPEL gene family during the development of M. oryzae. The double mutant was phenotypically similar to the ΔMoypel1 mutant in conidiation, but similar to the ΔMoypel2 mutant in appressorium development. Subcellular localization of the MoYPEL1 protein was dynamic during appressorium development, while the MoYPEL2 protein consistently localized within the nuclei during developmental stages. Our studies indicate that the two YPEL gene family members play distinct roles in the developmental stages of M. oryzae, furthering our understanding of disease dissemination and development in fungi.
Modeling multiple sea level rise stresses reveals up to twice the land at risk compared to strictly passive flooding methods
Authors: Anderson Tiffany R. , Fletcher Charles H. , Barbee Matthew M. , Romine Bradley M. , Lemmo Sam , Delevaux Jade M.S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPlanning community resilience to sea level rise (SLR) requires information about where, when, and how SLR hazards will impact the coastal zone. We augment passive flood mapping (the so-called “bathtub” approach) by simulating physical processes posing recurrent threats to coastal infrastructure, communities, and ecosystems in Hawai‘i (including tidally-forced direct marine and groundwater flooding, seasonal wave inundation, and chronic coastal erosion). We find that the “bathtub” approach, alone, ignores 35–54 percent of the total land area exposed to one or more of these hazards, depending on location and SLR scenario. We conclude that modeling dynamic processes, including waves and erosion, is essential to robust SLR vulnerability assessment. Results also indicate that as sea level rises, coastal lands are exposed to higher flood depths and water velocities. The prevalence of low-lying coastal plains leads to a rapid increase in land exposure to hazards when sea level exceeds a critical elevation of ~0.3 or 0.6 m, depending on location. At ~1 m of SLR, land that is roughly seven times the total modern beach area is exposed to one or more hazards. Projected increases in extent, magnitude, and rate of persistent SLR impacts suggest an urgency to engage in long-term planning immediately.
Multisensory perception reflects individual differences in processing temporal correlations
Authors: Nidiffer Aaron R. , Diederich Adele , Ramachandran Ramnarayan , Wallace Mark T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSensory signals originating from a single event, such as audiovisual speech, are temporally correlated. Correlated signals are known to facilitate multisensory integration and binding. We sought to further elucidate the nature of this relationship, hypothesizing that multisensory perception will vary with the strength of audiovisual correlation. Human participants detected near-threshold amplitude modulations in auditory and/or visual stimuli. During audiovisual trials, the frequency and phase of auditory modulations were varied, producing signals with a range of correlations. After accounting for individual differences which likely reflect relative unisensory temporal characteristics in participants, we found that multisensory perception varied linearly with strength of correlation. Diffusion modelling confirmed this and revealed that stimulus correlation is supplied to the decisional system as sensory evidence. These data implicate correlation as an important cue in audiovisual feature integration and binding and suggest correlational strength as an important factor for flexibility in these processes.
NIR-II fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green nanoparticles
Authors: Bhavane Rohan , Starosolski Zbigniew , Stupin Igor , Ghaghada Ketan B. , Annapragada Ananth 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) holds promise for real-time deep tissue imaging. In this work, we investigated the NIR-II fluorescence properties of a liposomal formulation of indocyanine green (ICG), a FDA-approved dye that was recently shown to exhibit NIR-II fluorescence. Fluorescence spectra of liposomal-ICG were collected in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and plasma. Imaging studies in an Intralipid® phantom were performed to determine penetration depth. In vivo imaging studies were performed to test real-time visualization of vascular structures in the hind limb and intracranial regions. Free ICG, NIR-I imaging, and cross-sectional imaging modalities (MRI and CT) were used as comparators. Fluorescence spectra demonstrated the strong NIR-II fluorescence of liposomal-ICG, similar to free ICG in plasma. In vitro studies demonstrated superior performance of liposomal-ICG over free ICG for NIR-II imaging of deep (≥4 mm) vascular mimicking structures. In vivo, NIR-II fluorescence imaging using liposomal-ICG resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) higher contrast-to-noise ratio compared to free ICG for extended periods of time, allowing visualization of hind limb and intracranial vasculature for up to 4 hours post-injection. In vivo comparisons demonstrated higher vessel conspicuity with liposomal-ICG-enhanced NIR-II imaging compared to NIR-I imaging.
Pulmonary Artery Stiffness by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Agoston-Coldea Lucia , Lupu Silvia , Mocan Teodora 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this prospective pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the ability of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) parameters of right ventricular function and pulmonary artery stiffness to identify pulmonary hypertension (PH), predict major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with secondary PH due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to estimate a prospective sample size necessary for a reliable power of the study. Thirty consecutive patients with COPD and suspected secondary PH were assessed by clinical examination, the six minute walk test, echocardiography, right heart catheterization and CMR, and followed–up for a mean period of 16 months to identify MACEs (cardiac death, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, and heart failure). Among CMR parameters of pulmonary artery stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV) yielded the best sensitivity (93.5%) and specificity (92.8%) for identifying PH, as diagnosed by cardiac catheterization. Moreover, PWV proved to be a valuable predictor of MACEs (HR = 4.75, 95% CI 1.00 to 22.59, p = 0.03). In conclusion, PWV by phase-contrast CMR can accurately identify PH in patients with COPD and may help stratify prognosis.
Specificity of the osmotic stress response in Candida albicans highlighted by quantitative proteomics
Authors: Jacobsen Mette D. , Beynon Robert J. , Gethings Lee A. , Claydon Amy J. , Langridge James I. , Vissers Johannes P. C. , Brown Alistair J. P. , Hammond Dean E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStress adaptation is critical for the survival of microbes in dynamic environments, and in particular, for fungal pathogens to survive in and colonise host niches. Proteomic analyses have the potential to significantly enhance our understanding of these adaptive responses by providing insight into post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the outputs, as well as testing presumptions about the regulation of protein levels based on transcript profiling. Here, we used label-free, quantitative mass spectrometry to re-examine the response of the major fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, to osmotic stress. Of the 1,262 proteins that were identified, 84 were down-regulated in response to 1M NaCl, reflecting the decrease in ribosome biogenesis and translation that often accompanies stress. The 64 up-regulated proteins included central metabolic enzymes required for glycerol synthesis, a key osmolyte for this yeast, as well as proteins with functions during stress. These data reinforce the view that adaptation to salt stress involves a transient reduction in ribosome biogenesis and translation together with the accumulation of the osmolyte, glycerol. The specificity of the response to salt stress is highlighted by the small proportion of quantified C. albicans proteins (5%) whose relative elevated abundances were statistically significant.
Investigating the validity and reliability of Electrovestibulography (EVestG) for detecting post-concussion syndrome (PCS) with and without comorbid depression
Authors: Suleiman Abdelbaset , Lithgow Brian , Mansouri Behzad , Moussavi Zahra 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFeatures from Electrovestibulography (EVestG) recordings have been used to classify and measure the severity of both persistent post-concussion syndrome (PCS) and major depressive disorder. Herein, we examined the effect of comorbid depression on the detection of persistent PCS using EVestG. To validate our previously developed EVestG classifier for PCS detection, the classifier was tested with a new blind dataset (N = 21). The unbiased accuracy for identifying the new PCS from controls was found to be >90%. Next, the PCS group (N = 59) was divided into three subgroups: PCS with no-depression (n = 18), PCS with mild-depression (n = 27) and PCS with moderate/severe-depression (n = 14). When moderate/severe depression was present, PCS classification accuracy dropped to 83%. By adding an EVestG depression feature from a previous study, separation accuracy of each PCS subgroup from controls was >90%. A four and three-group (excluding mild-depression subgroup) classification, achieved an accuracy of 74% and 81%, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated a significant correlation (R = 0.67) between the depression feature and the MADRS depression score as well as between the PCS-specific feature and Rivermead Post-Concussion Questionnaire (RPQ) (R = −0.48). No significant correlation was found between the PCS-specific feature and the MADRS score (R = 0.20) or between RPQ and the depression feature (R = 0.12). The (PCS-specific and depression-specific) EVestG features used herein have the potential to robustly detect and monitor changes, relatively independently, in both persistent PCS and its depression comorbidity. Clinically, this can be particularly advantageous.
The onset of dissipation in high-temperature superconductors: magnetic hysteresis and field dependence
Authors: Talantsev E. F. , Strickland N. M. , Wimbush S. C. , Brooks J. , Pantoja A. E. , Badcock R. A. , Storey J. G. , Tallon J. L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently, we showed that the self-field transport critical current, Ic(sf), of a superconducting wire can be defined in a more fundamental way than the conventional (and arbitrary) electric field criterion, Ec = 1 μV/cm. We defined Ic(sf) as the threshold current, Ic,B, at which the perpendicular component of the local magnetic flux density, B⊥, measured at any point on the surface of a high-temperature superconducting tape abruptly crosses over from a non-linear to a linear dependence with increasing transport current. This effect results from the current distribution across the tape width progressively transitioning from non-uniform to uniform. The completion of this progressive transition was found to be singular. It coincides with the first discernible onset of dissipation and immediately precedes the formation of a measureable electric field. Here, we show that the same Ic,B definition of critical currents applies in the presence of an external applied magnetic field, Ba. In all experimental data presented here Ic,B is found to be significantly (10–30%) lower than Ic,E determined by the common electric field criterion of Ec = 1 µV/cm, and Ec to be up to 50 times lower at Ic,B than at Ic,E.
Salience network structural integrity predicts executive impairment in alcohol use disorders
Authors: Galandra Caterina , Basso Gianpaolo , Manera Marina , Crespi Chiara , Giorgi Ines , Vittadini Giovanni , Poggi Paolo , Canessa Nicola 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe neural bases of cognitive impairment(s) in alcohol use disorders (AUDs) might reflect either a global brain damage underlying different neuro-cognitive alterations, or the involvement of specific regions mostly affected by alcohol neuro-toxic effects. While voxel-based-morphometry (VBM) studies have shown a distributed atrophic pattern in fronto-limbic and cerebellar structures, the lack of comprehensive neuro-cognitive assessments prevents previous studies from drawing robust inferences on the specificity of the association between neuro-structural and cognitive impairments in AUDs. To fill this gap, we addressed the neuro-structural bases of cognitive impairment in AUDs, by coupling VBM with an in-depth neuropsychological assessment. VBM results highlighted a diffuse pattern of grey matter reduction in patients, involving the key-nodes of the meso-cortico-limbic (striatum, hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex), salience (insular and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) and executive (inferior frontal cortex) networks. Grey matter density in the insular and anterior cingulate sectors of the salience network, significantly decreased in patients, explained almost half of variability in their defective attentional and working-memory performance. The multiple cognitive and neurological impairments observed in AUDs might thus reflect a specific executive deficit associated with the selective damage of a salience-based neural mechanism enhancing access to cognitive resources required for controlled cognition and behaviour.
Liposome co-incubation with cancer cells secreted exosomes (extracellular vesicles) with different proteins expressions and different uptake pathways
Authors: Emam Sherif E. , Ando Hidenori , Lila Amr S. Abu , Shimizu Taro , Okuhira Keiichiro , Ishima Yu , Mahdy Mahmoud A. , Ghazy Fakhr-eldin S. , Sagawa Ikuko , Ishida Tatsuhiro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe recently showed that in vitro incubation of cells with liposomes of varying compositions can increase exosome secretion and increase the yield of harvested exosomes (extracellular vesicles, EVs). This might foster their potential therapeutic implementations. In the current study, we investigated the surface proteins and the uptake of the harvested exosomes (EVs) to see if the incubation of cells with liposomes would change the biological properties of these exosomes (EVs). Interestingly, exosomes (EVs) induced by solid cationic liposomes lacked some major exosome marker proteins such as CD9, flotillin-1, annexin-A2 and EGF, and subsequently had lower levels of cellular uptake upon re-incubation with donor cancer cells. However, exosomes (EVs) induced under normal condition and by fluid cationic liposomes, displayed the entire spectrum of proteins, and exhibited higher uptake by the donor cancer cells. Although endocytosis was the major uptake pathway of exosomes (EVs) by tumor cells, endocytosis could occur via more than one mechanism. Higher exosome uptake was observed in donor B16BL6 cells than in allogeneic C26 cells, indicating that donor cells might interact specifically with their exosomes (EVs) and avidly internalize them. Taken together, these results suggest a technique for controlling the characteristics of secreted exosomes (EVs) by incubating donor cancer cells with liposomes of varying physiochemical properties.
Use of sugarcane–soybean intercropping in acid soil impacts the structure of the soil fungal community
Authors: Lian Tengxiang , Mu Yinghui , Ma Qibin , Cheng Yanbo , Gao Rui , Cai Zhandong , Jiang Bin , Nian Hai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough sugarcane-soybean intercropping has been widely used to control disease and improve productivity in the field, the response of soil fungal communities to intercropping has not been fully understood. In this study, the rhizosphere fungal communities of sugarcane and soybean under monoculture and intercropping systems were investigated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of ITS gene. Intercropping decreased the alpha-diversity and changed fungal community composition compared to monocultures. Taxonomic analyses showed that the dominant phyla were Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota. The abundance of Ascomycota decreased in intercropping sugarcane-grown soil compared to monoculture, while it increased in soybean-grown soil in the intercropping system. In addition, intercropping increased the abundance of important fungal genera, such as Trichoderma, Hypocreales and Fusarium but decreased the relative abundance of Gibberella and Chaetomium. The results of canonical correspondence analysis and automatic linear modelling indicated that fungal community compositions were closely associated with soil parameters such as total nitrogen (TN), soil organic matter (SOC), pH and NO3−, which suggests that the impacts of intercropping on the soil fungal community are linked to the alteration of soil chemical properties.
A principled machine learning framework improves accuracy of stage II colorectal cancer prognosis
Authors: Dimitriou Neofytos , Arandjelović Ognjen , Harrison David J. , Caie Peter D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAccurate prognosis is fundamental in planning an appropriate therapy for cancer patients. Consequent to the heterogeneity of the disease, intra- and inter-pathologist variability, and the inherent limitations of current pathological reporting systems, patient outcome varies considerably within similarly staged patient cohorts. This is particularly true when classifying stage II colorectal cancer patients using the current TNM guidelines. The aim of the present work is to address this problem through the use of machine learning. In particular, we introduce a data driven framework which makes use of a large number of diverse types of features, readily collected from immunofluorescence imagery. Its outstanding performance in predicting mortality in stage II patients (AUROC = 0:94), exceeds that of current clinical guidelines such as pT stage (AUROC = 0:65), and is demonstrated on a cohort of 173 colorectal cancer patients.