bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replica Symmetry Breaking in FRET‐Assisted Random Laser Based on Electrospun Polymer Fiber
Authors: Xia Jiangying , He Jijun , Xie Kang , Zhang Xiaojuan , Hu Lei , Li Yaxin , Chen Xianxian , Ma Jiajun , Wen Jianxiang , Chen Jingjing , Pan Qiaosheng , Zhang Junxi , Vatnik Ilya D. , Churkin Dmitry , Hu Zhijia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpin‐glass theory has been widely introduced to describe the statistical behaviors in complex physical systems. By analogy between disorder photonics and other complex systems, the glassy behavior, especially the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phenomenon, has been observed in random lasers. However, previous studies only analyzed the statistical properties of the random laser systems with single gain material. Here, the first experimental evidence of the glassy behavior in a random laser with complex energy level structure is reported. This novel random laser is demonstrated based on the electrospun polymer fibers with the assistance of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The electrospinning technology employed in the experiment herein promises high‐volume production of random laser devices with multiple energy levels, enabling the comprehensive investigation of lasing properties in multi‐energy level random laser system. Clear paramagnetic phase and spin‐glass phase are observed in the FRET‐assisted random laser under different pump energies. The RSB phase transition is verified to occur at the laser threshold, which is robust among the random lasers with different donor–acceptor ratio. The finding of RSB in FRET‐assisted random laser provides a new statistical analysis method toward the laser system with complex energy level, for example, quantum cascade laser.
Ion‐Mobility Mass Spectrometry for the Rapid Determination of the Topology of Interlocked and Knotted Molecules
Authors: Kruve Anneli , Caprice Kenji , Lavendomme Roy , Wollschläger Jan M. , Schoder Stefan , Schröder Hendrik V. , Nitschke Jonathan R. , Cougnon Fabien B. L. , Schalley Christoph A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA rapid screening method based on traveling‐wave ion‐mobility spectrometry (TWIMS) combined with tandem mass spectrometry provides insight into the topology of interlocked and knotted molecules, even when they exist in complex mixtures, such as interconverting dynamic combinatorial libraries. A TWIMS characterization of structure‐indicative fragments generated by collision‐induced dissociation (CID) together with a floppiness parameter defined based on parent‐ and fragment‐ion arrival times provide a straightforward topology identification. To demonstrate its broad applicability, this approach is applied here to six Hopf and two Solomon links, a trefoil knot, and a [3]catenate.
Chemical Genetics Reveals a Role of dCTP Pyrophosphatase 1 in Wnt Signaling
Authors: Friese Alexandra , Kapoor Shobhna , Schneidewind Tabea , Vidadala Srinivasa Rao , Sardana Juhi , Brause Alexandra , Förster Tim , Bischoff Matthias , Wagner Jessica , Janning Petra , Ziegler Slava , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCell‐based screening is a powerful approach to identify novel chemical modulators and biological components of relevant biological processes. The canonical Wnt pathway is essential for normal embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, and its deregulation plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Therefore, the identification of new pathway members and regulators is of significant interest. By means of a cell‐based assay monitoring Wnt signaling we identified the pyrrolocoumarin Pyrcoumin as inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling. Target identification and validation revealed that Pyrcoumin is a competitive inhibitor of dCTP pyrophosphatase 1 (dCTPP1). We demonstrate a yet unknown interaction of dCTPP1 with ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase (USP7) that is counteracted by dCTPP1 inhibitors. These findings indicate that dCTPP1 plays a role in regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling most likely through a direct interaction with USP7.
Mechanistic investigation of phytochemicals involved in green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using aqueous Elaeis guineensis leaves extract: Role of phenolic compounds and flavonoids
Authors: Ahmad Tausif , Bustam Mohamad Azmi , Irfan Muhammad , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Asghar Hafiz Muhammad Anwaar , Bhattacharjee Sekhar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPhytosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has achieved an indispensable significance due to the diverse roles played by biomolecules in directing the physiochemical characteristics of biosynthesized nanoparticles. Therefore, the precise identification of key bioactive compounds involved in producing AuNPs is vital to control their tunable characteristics for potential applications. Herein, qualitative and quantitative determination of key biocompounds contributing to the formation of AuNPs using aqueous Elaeis guineensis leaves extract is reported. Moreover, roles of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in reduction of Au3+ and stabilization of AuNPs have been elucidated by establishing a reaction mechanism. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed shifting of O─H stretching vibrations toward longer wavenumbers and C═O toward shorter wavenumbers due to involvement of polyphenolic compounds in biosynthesis and oxidation of polyphenolic into carboxylic compounds, respectively, which cape nanoparticles to inhibit the aggregation. Congruently, pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry revealed the major contribution of polyphenolic compounds in the synthesis of AuNPs, which was further endorsed by reduction of total phenolic and total flavonoids contents from 48.08 ± 1.98 to 9.59 ± 0.92 mg GAE/g and 32.02 ± 1.31 to 13.8 ± 0.97 mg CE/g within 60 Min, respectively. Based on experimental results, reaction mechanism explained the roles of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in producing spherical‐shaped AuNPs.
Assessing the validity of inferences from scores on the cognitive reflection test
Authors: Blacksmith Nikki , Yang Yongwei , Behrend Tara S. , Ruark Gregory A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDecision‐making researchers purport that a novel cognitive ability construct, cognitive reflection, explains variance in intuitive thinking processes that traditional mental ability constructs do not. However, researchers have questioned the validity of the primary measure because of poor construct conceptualization and lack of validity studies. Prior studies have not adequately aligned the analytical techniques with the theoretical basis of the construct, dual‐processing theory of reasoning. The present study assessed the validity of inferences drawn from the cognitive reflection test (CRT) scores. We analyzed response processes with an item response tree model, a method that aligns with the dual‐processing theory in order to interpret CRT scores. Findings indicate that the intuitive and reflective factors that the test purportedly measures were indistinguishable. Exploratory, post hoc analyses demonstrate that CRT scores are most likely capturing mental abilities. We suggest that future researchers recognize and distinguish between individual differences in cognitive abilities and cognitive processes.
A naturalistic pilot study assessing the impact of assessment pathways and intake methods within Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services
Authors: Steen Scott , Hemmings Adrian , Foster Joan , Bedford Jill , Gorbing Sue 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFast access pathways characterise many Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services, allowing them to see increasing numbers of referrals year on year. At the same time, emerging research is highlighting potential care inefficiencies, including early treatment disengagement, inappropriate treatment allocation, less than optimal clinical outcomes, and repeat referrals. Integrating more stratified models based on in‐depth and comprehensive assessment techniques which include some therapeutic input could help better target interventions. This could lead to improved engagement and clinical outcomes, while also providing enough therapeutic support to those attending one session only. This pilot study assesses the impact of assessment pathways and intake methods involving a 90‐min face‐to‐face therapeutic consultation, compared with a 45‐min over‐the‐phone assessment session across two IAPT providers in the south of England, and three assessment pathways involving elements of either method and service. Using an observational analysis of routinely collected data across 12 months, intake scores, attendance data and clinical measures of reliable recovery and improvement were considered. The comparisons of intake method reported no significant differences when both services were included; however, there were significant differences in treatment effect sizes and session attendance on an assessment pathway basis. Where assessment sessions were delivered, there was a higher rate of disengagement between sessions one and two, indicating increased attrition. Based on the initial findings and supporting literature, there appears to great promise in exploring pathway modelling and intake processes within IAPT services.
CYP2C19 pharmacogenetics in patients undergoing coronary stent placement: Is it time to test everyone?
Authors: Price Dana J. , Levy Michael S. 
Published: June 2019

Key Points

Although there are no current guidelines for when to test patients for CYP2C19 loss of function alleles, the current state of evidence suggests that testing high‐risk patients should be considered.
Based on this meta‐analysis, there is no reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients that receive genotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy, but there is a significant reduction in MACE when including only patients who present with acute coronary syndromes and a significant reduction in myocardial infarction.
Genotype‐guided therapy shows promise but requires further study to solidify this approach, and to determine which patients derive the most benefit.
Thrombocytopenia after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: What is really going on?
Authors: Block Peter C. , Lisko John C. 
Published: June 2019

Key Points

In a multivariate model, the drop‐in platelet count (DPC) was significantly higher in patients treated with a balloon expandable valve (BEV) than a self‐expandable valve (SEV) (36.3% ± 15.1% vs. 27.7% ± 14.4%, p < .001).
In a univariate model, a higher DPC post‐transcatheter aortic valve replacement was observed in patients requiring alternate access and lower contrast volume.
The platelet count nadir was nearly a day later in patients implanted with a BEV compared with an SEV.
At 30 days, there was a higher rate of adverse events and mortality in patients with a high DPC.
At 1 year, there was no significant difference in mortality rates between the high DPC group and the low DPC group.
Bilateral olfactory aplasia: Uncommon cause of congenital anosmia
Authors: Mahmood Ashraf Nabeel , Abulaban Osama , Janjua Arshad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOlfactory aplasia is an uncommon cause of anosmia, and it should be suspected in young patients with lifelong decreased sense of smell. The aim of this article was to remind readers about this condition that need to be part of the differential diagnosis in similar clinical scenario, to avoid unnecessary investigation and overtreatment for these patients.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Colloidal‐Copper Based Low Overpotential Water Oxidation Electrocatalyst
Authors: Babar Noor‐Ul‐Ain , Joya Khurram Saleem , Ehsan Muhammad Ali , Khan Majad , Sharif Muhammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWater oxidation catalysis is gaining more attention in recent times owing to its potential for solar and chemical energy conversion and for green fuel generation. The overwhelming hurdle in this quest is to develop a noble‐metal‐free, efficient, low overpotential water oxidation electrocatalyst exhibiting tremendous stability and to be obtained from earth‐abundant materials. We show here unique copper‐based water oxidation electrocatalyst derived from thin film Cu‐colloidal nanoparticles and is highly efficient, robust for water oxidation. The catalyst advantageously exhibits nanobeads and nanorods type mixed morphological features with narrow size distribution. The onset for oxygen evolution reaction occurs at a small potential of 1.45 VRHE (η=220 mV) which is the lowest observed relative to other copper‐based materials. The catalyst also maintains remarkable stability during long‐term water electrolysis experiments. Moreover, the catalyst shown to exhibit a high electroactive area with a Tafel slope of 52 mV dec1−, high TOF of 0.81 s1− and mass activity of 87 mA mg−1. Copper is an interesting material because it can also serve as CO2 reduction catalysts at the cathode side. The straightforwardly prepared, handy, and inexpensive Cu‐based electrocatalytic system is a flexible catalyst for electrooxidation of water and for chemical energy conversion and is an attractive alternative to Pt, Ir, and Ru based electrocatalysts obtained from expensive resources and tedious methods.
Enantioselective Copper(II)/Box‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Chiral β3‐Tryptophan Derivatives
Authors: Tarasenko Elena A. , Shestakov Ivan V. , Rybakov Victor B. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstractβ‐Amino acids and their derivatives are important building blocks for the preparation of various bioactive compounds and materials. We developed a highly efficient method for the synthesis of β3‐tryptophan derivatives based on enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of indoles with phthaloyl‐protected aminomethylenemalonate in the presence of chiral
complex as a catalyst. A wide range of indoles with electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing substituents gave the desired products in high yields (up to 99 %) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). In the case of pyrrole the Friedel‐Crafts product was obtained in up to 90 % yield and up to 82 % ee.
Derivation of primitive neural stem cells from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Shin Woo Jung , Seo Ji‐Hye , Choi Hyun Woo , Hong Yean Ju , Lee Won Ji , Chae Jung Il , Kim Sung Joo , Lee Jeong Woong , Hong Kwonho , Song Hyuk , Park Chankyu , Do Jeong Tae 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have facilitated studies on organ development and differentiation into specific lineages in in vitro systems. Although numerous studies have focused on cellular differentiation into neural lineage using hPSCs, most studies have initially evaluated embryoid body (EB) formation, eventually yielding terminally differentiated neurons with limited proliferation potential. This study aimed to establish human primitive neural stem cells (pNSCs) from exogene‐free hiPSCs without EB formation. To derive pNSCs, we optimized N2B27 neural differentiation medium through supplementation of two inhibitors, CHIR99021 (GSK‐3 inhibitor) and PD0325901 (MEK inhibitor), and growth factors including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF). Consequently, pNSCs were efficiently derived and cultured over a long term. pNSCs displayed differentiation potential into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. These early NSC types potentially promote the clinical application of hiPSCs to cure human neurological disorders.
First‐in‐Human Study of AG10, a Novel, Oral, Specific, Selective, and Potent Transthyretin Stabilizer for the Treatment of Transthyretin Amyloidosis: A Phase 1 Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study in Healthy Adult Volunteers
Authors: Fox Jonathan C. , Hellawell Jennifer L. , Rao Satish , O'Reilly Terry , Lumpkin Rick , Jernelius Jesper , Gretler Daniel , Sinha Uma 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAG10 is a novel, potent, and selective oral transthyretin (TTR) stabilizer being developed to treat TTR amyloidosis (ATTR). This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study evaluated safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics (ex vivo stabilization) of orally administered AG10 in healthy adult volunteers. Both mutant and wild‐type ATTR are underdiagnosed diseases with limited therapeutic options. As TTR amyloidogenesis is initiated by dissociation of TTR tetramers destabilized due to inherited mutations or aging, AG10 is designed to treat the disease at its source. Four single and three multiple ascending dose levels of AG10 or matching placebo were orally administered. Safety and tolerability were assessed by vital signs, electrocardiogram, adverse events, and clinical laboratory tests. Pharmacokinetics were measured using a validated bioanalytical assay. Pharmacodynamics were assessed via three pharmacodynamic assays of TTR stabilization. AG10 was uniformly well tolerated, and no safety signals of clinical concern were observed. Pharmacokinetic observations included time to maximum concentration <1 hour, dose‐dependent maximum concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve, low intersubject variability, and half‐life ∼25 hr. Complete (>90%) stabilization of TTR was observed across the entire dosing interval at steady state on the highest dose tested. Serum TTR levels, an in vivo reflection of TTR stabilization by AG10, increased from baseline following 12 days of dosing. AG10 appears to be safe and well tolerated in healthy adult volunteers and can completely stabilize TTR across the dosing interval, establishing clinical proof of concept. Based on these data, AG10 has the potential to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with either mutant or wild‐type ATTR.
Mesoionic 1,2,3‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐3‐ylidenes in Phosphorescent Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Soellner Johannes , Strassner Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMesoionic carbene ligands based on 1,2,3‐triazole platforms can be used in cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes to achieve an efficient phosphorescence even at room temperature. In this report, 1,2,3‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐3‐ylidenes are employed in such molecules along with β‐diketonates with varying steric demand. For full structural characterization, NMR spectroscopy and XRD experiments were employed. The photophysical properties were studied in solid poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrices, as well as dichloromethane solutions. In PMMA, the synthesized complexes show quantum yields of 47–54 % with emission bands in the yellow region of the visible spectrum. Cyclic voltammetry measurements along with DFT calculations helped to assign the nature of the observed emissions.
High‐Current‐Density HER Electrocatalysts: Graphene‐like Boron Layer and Tungsten as Key Ingredients in Metal Diborides
Authors: Park Hyounmyung , Zhang Yuemei , Lee Eunsoo , Shankhari Pritam , Fokwa Boniface P. T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTransition‐metal borides belong to a small class of non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts that exhibit excellent activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) already in bulk form; those containing graphene‐like (flat) boron layers, such as α‐MoB2, are particularly promising. In this study, the first tungsten‐based boride HER electrocatalysts were studied experimentally and theoretically. Tungsten, the diborides of which (α‐ and β‐WB2) contain both the active graphene‐like (flat) boron layer and the less active phosphorene‐like (puckered) boron layer, could be successfully substituted (up to 30 at %) for molybdenum in α‐MoB2. The resulting α‐Mo1−xWxB2 exhibited better HER activity and stability than the binaries WB2 and MoB2, especially at high current density in acidic electrolytes. DFT calculations showed that the graphene‐like boron layer is the most active among the studied surfaces and that tungsten promotes hydrogen generation by facilitating bonding between hydrogen atoms in contrast to molybdenum. These results should pave the way for high‐current‐density, abundant, and inexpensive bulk and nanoscale HER catalysts by applying structure–activity relationships.
A difference in timing for the onset of visual and chemosensory systems during embryonic development in two closely related cuttlefish species
Authors: Mezrai Nawel , Chiao Chuan‐Chin , Dickel Ludovic , Darmaillacq Anne‐Sophie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEmbryos perceive environmental stimuli, thanks to their almost mature sensory systems. In cuttlefish, the embryonic development of Sepia officinalis and Sepia pharaonis is similar but the egg capsule transparency is different. S. officinalis' eggs are black (ink), which provide protection from predators. Conversely, those of S. pharaonis are translucent. The aim of this study was to test the visual and chemosensory perception abilities of these two cuttlefish embryos by observation of the ventilation rate (VR) before and after stimulation. Our results show that S. pharaonis responds to light at stage 22 and S. officinalis at stage 24. Conversely, S. pharaonis responds to predator odor at stage 23 and S. officinalis at stage 22. Both species are able to respond to these stimuli before hatching but do not have the same developmental schedule. Neither are the responses of the two cuttlefish exactly the same. In S. officinalis, VR increases after stimulations. In S. pharaonis, VR increases after light stimulation and decreases following the odor stimulation after stage 25. This result could reveal an ability to recognize stimuli at stage 25. The decrease could be identified as freezing‐like behavior which would be more adaptive than an increase, since the embryos are visible.
Maternal postpartum stress and toddler developmental delays: Results from a multisite study of racially diverse families
Authors: Schmeer Kammi K. , Guardino Christine , Irwin Jessica L. , Ramey Sharon , Shalowitz Madeleine , Dunkel Schetter Christine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMaternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy can adversely influence child development, but few studies have investigated psychosocial stress during the postpartum period and its association with risk of toddler developmental delays. Moreover, given the expanding diversity of the U.S. population, and well‐documented health and stress disparities for racial and ethnic minorities, research examining the effect of postpartum stress on risk of developmental delays in diverse populations is of critical importance. In this study, data from the Community Child Health Network provided the opportunity to test maternal postpartum stress as a predictor of toddler risk of developmental delay in a sample of African American, Latina and non‐Hispanic White women and their toddlers (N = 1537) recruited in urban, suburban, and rural communities. Postpartum maternal stress over 1 year was operationalized as perceived stress, life events, and negative impact of life events. Regression results revealed higher risk of developmental delays in toddlers whose mothers experienced more negative life events, greater negative impact of events, and higher perceived stress over the year. Prenatal stress, pregnancy/birth complications, and postpartum depression did not explain these associations. Maternal postpartum stress may contribute to increased risk for developmental delays and is an important target for psychosocial intervention.