bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking to the past to understand the future of tropical conservation: The importance of collecting basic data
Authors: Stroud James T. , Thompson Michelle E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTropical biodiversity is under threat from a wide variety of anthropogenic stressors. Understanding the effect of major stressors—most notably land use change, over‐harvesting, emergence of novel pathogens, and climate change—is a major goal of tropical biology. However, to do so requires baseline data with which to compare present‐day patterns. Unfortunately, the tropics suffer from a lack of basic historical data; the few studies which have published such data have proven invaluable. In 1989, Fauth et al. described their studies of reptile and amphibian diversity and population demographics across tropical elevational gradients in Costa Rica. Since then, Fauth et al.'s basic ecological data have been widely used to document shifting patterns of species composition and abundance. Here, 30 years later, we argue that (a) collecting foundational ecological data remains incredibly important, especially in the tropics, and especially in those taxa which are generally understudied (e.g., reptiles and amphibians), (b) despite being one of the original goals of the 1989 study, the mechanisms driving biogeographical patterns of diversity remain unclear (both in the tropics and globally), and (c) that revisiting sites of historic biodiversity surveys—particularly those along gradients of environmental change—is incredibly important to our understanding of how tropical diversity is currently, and will continue to be, affected by activities in the Anthropocene. In its simplest terms, there has never been a time where the collection of basic data in the tropics has ever been more important.
Landscape of microRNA in the aqueous humour of proliferative diabetic retinopathy as assessed by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Chen Shida , Yuan Miner , Liu Yaoming , Zhao Xiujuan , Lian Ping , Chen Yang , Liu Bingqian , Lu Lin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe microRNAs (miRNA) have been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. We try to explore the miRNA and piwi‐interacting RNA (piRNA) profile in the aqueous humour of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) using next‐generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsAqueous humour samples were collected from nine PDR eyes and nine cataract control eyes, and NGS was performed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to validate the sequencing results. An oxygen‐induced retinopathy (OIR) model was used to validate the angiogenesis related miRNA.ResultsIn total, 484 miRNAs were differently expressed between the PDR eyes and cataract control eyes, including 210 mature miRNAs and 274 novel miRNAs. Furthermore, eight miRNAs and 30 piRNAs were identified as the most differently expressed between the two groups (P > .85). This differential expression of miRNA was predicted to regulate Rho protein signal transduction, neurotransmitter uptake and histone lysine methylation. Relative expression patterns of miR‐184, ‐150‐5p and ‐93‐5p were confirmed by qPCR. A reduced expression of miR‐93‐5p was confirmed in the OIR model.ConclusionsThis study comprehensively demonstrated the miRNA and piRNA expression profile of the aqueous humour of PDR eyes, which may serve as a potential biomarker and involved in the pathogenesis of PDR.
Functional characterization of novel germline TP53 variants in Swedish families
Authors: Kharaziha Pedram , Ceder Sophia , Axell Olga , Krall Moritz , Fotouhi Omid , Böhm Stefanie , Lain Sonia , Borg Åke , Larsson Catharina , Wiman Klas G. , Tham Emma , Bajalica‐Lagercrantz Svetlana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPathogenic germline TP53 variants predispose to a wide range of early onset cancers, often recognized as the Li‐Fraumeni syndrome (LFS). They are also identified in 1% of families with hereditary breast cancer (HrBC) that do not fulfill the criteria for LFS. In this study, we present a total of 24 different TP53 variants identified in 31 Swedish families with LFS or HrBC. Ten of these variants, nine exonic and one splice, have previously not been described as germline pathogenic variants. The nine exonic variants were functionally characterized and demonstrated partial transactivation activity compared to wild‐type p53. Some show nuclear localization similar to wild‐type p53 while others possess cytoplasmic or perinuclear localization. The four frameshift variants (W91Gfs*32, L111 Wfs*12, S227 Lfs*20 and S240Kfs*25) had negligible, while F134 L and T231del had low level of p53 activity. The L111 Wfs*12 and T231del variants are also deficient for induction of apoptosis. The missense variant R110C retain p53 effects and the nonsense E349* shows at least partial transcription factor activity but has reduced ability to trigger apoptosis. This is the first functional characterization of novel germline TP53 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the Swedish cohort as an attempt to understand its association with LFS and HrBC, respectively.
A multi‐centre randomized controlled trial of open vs closed management of the rectal defect after transanal endoscopic microsurgery
Authors: Brown C. J. , Hochman D. , Raval M. J. , Moloo H. , Phang P. T. , Bouchard A. , Williams L. , Drolet S. , Boushey R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTransanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a technically challenging strategy that allows expanded indications for local excision of rectal lesions. Transluminal suturing is difficult, so open management of the resultant defect is appealing. Expert opinion suggests there is more pain when the defect is left open. The aim of this study was to determine if closure of the defect created during full thickness excision of rectal lesions with TEM leads to less postoperative pain compared to leaving the defect open.MethodAt the time of surgery, patients undergoing a full thickness TEM were randomized to sutured (TEM‐S) or open (TEM‐O) management of the rectal defect. At five Canadian academic colorectal surgery centres, experienced TEM surgeons enrolled patients ≥ 18 years treated by full thickness TEM. The primary outcome was postoperative pain measured by the visual analogue scale. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain medication use and 30‐day postoperative complications, including bleeding, infection and hospital readmission.ResultsBetween March 2012 and October 2013, 50 patients were enrolled and randomized to sutured (TEM‐S, n = 28) or open (TEM‐O, n = 22) management of the rectal defect. There was no difference between the two study groups in postoperative pain on postoperative day 1 (2.8 vs 2.6, P = 0.76), day 3 (2.8 vs 2.1, P = 0.23) and day 7 (2.8 vs 1.7, P = 0.10).ConclusionIn this multicentre randomized controlled trial, there was no difference in postoperative pain between sutured or open defect management in patients having a full thickness excision with TEM.
Mortality in children with cerebral palsy in rural Bangladesh: a population‐based surveillance study
Authors: Jahan Israt , Karim Tasneem , Das Manik Chandra , Muhit Mohammad , Mcintyre Sarah , Smithers‐Sheedy Hayley , Badawi Nadia , Khandaker Gulam 
Published: May 2019

AimTo determine the mortality rate, immediate cause of death (CoD), and predictors of death in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Bangladesh.MethodWe carried out a prospective population‐based surveillance study of children with CP aged 0 to 18 years registered with the Bangladesh Cerebral Palsy Register (BCPR) between January 2015 and December 2016, with subsequent follow‐up until December 2017. Verbal autopsy was applied to assign immediate CoD. Crude mortality rates, hazard ratios of death, and survival probabilities were estimated.ResultsTwenty‐nine of the 678 children in the BCPR died during the study period, resulting in a crude mortality rate of 19.5 per 1000 person‐years of observation (total follow‐up duration 1486.8 person‐years; mean 2y [standard deviation 6mo]). The leading immediate CoD was meningitis (n=9) and pneumonia (n=8). Survival probability and hazard ratio of death was significantly associated with age, Gross Motor Functional Classification System level, and associated impairments. Severe underweight and/or severe stunting was significantly overrepresented among deceased children than others in the cohort (p<0.05) when compared with the World Health Organization reference population.InterpretationThe majority of deaths were due to potentially preventable causes. The life expectancy of these children could have been extended by ensuring primary healthcare and nutritional supplementation.What this paper adds

Mortality rate in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Bangladesh is 19.5 per 1000 person‐years.

The majority of children with CP died from potentially preventable and treatable conditions.

Motor severity, associated impairments, and malnutrition make children with CP vulnerable to premature death in rural Bangladesh.
Association of depression and anxiety with clinical, sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental factors in South Asian and white European individuals at high risk of diabetes
Authors: Razieh C. , Khunti K. , Davies M. J. , Edwardson C. L. , Henson J. , Darko N. , Comber A. , Jones A. , Yates T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence and correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms within South Asian and white European populations at high risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.MethodsData were collected at baseline, and at 12, 24 and 36 months from 1429 white European individuals (age 64±7 years, 35.8% women) and 160 South Asian individuals (age 59±9 years, 30.6% women) who were at high risk of Type 2 diabetes and who took part in two Type 2 diabetes prevention trials in Leicestershire, UK. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was administered during each study visit. Clinical, sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental data were collected.ResultsAt baseline, the burden of depressive symptoms varied by ethnic group and gender, with 9.9% of white European men, 14.9% of white European women, 23.6% of South Asian men and 29.2% of South Asian women exceeding the cut‐off score for mild‐to‐severe depression. During the course of the study and after adjustment for clinical, sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental factors, depressive symptoms remained higher in the South Asian compared to the white European participants [score higher by 1.5, 95% CI 0.9–2.1]. Levels of anxiety were also higher in the South Asian participants, although associations were attenuated after adjustment. Social deprivation, BMI, proximity to fast‐food outlets and physical activity were correlates for depression in both the South Asian and white European participants.ConclusionsA higher burden of depressive symptoms was consistently evident among the South Asian individuals, even after adjustment for multiple covariates. It is important to understand both the reasons why these differences are present, to help reduce health inequalities, and whether higher levels of depressive symptoms affect the uptake of and retention rates in diabetes prevention programmes in South Asian communities.
Closing the gap: yeast electron‐transferring flavoprotein links the oxidation of d‐lactate and d‐α‐hydroxyglutarate to energy production via the respiratory chain
Authors: Toplak Marina , Brunner Julia , Tabib Chaitanya R. , Macheroux Peter 
Published: May 2019

Electron‐transferring flavoproteins (ETFs) have been found in all kingdoms of life, mostly assisting in shuttling electrons to the respiratory chain for ATP production. While the human (h) ETF has been studied in great detail, very little is known about the biochemical properties of the homologous protein in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yETF). In view of the absence of client dehydrogenases, for example, the acyl‐CoA dehydrogenases involved in the β‐oxidation of fatty acids, d‐lactate dehydrogenase 2 (Dld2) appeared to be the only relevant enzyme that is serviced by yETF for electron transfer to the mitochondrial electron transport chain. However, this hypothesis was never tested experimentally. Here, we report the biochemical properties of yETF and Dld2 as well as the electron transfer reaction between the two proteins. Our study revealed that Dld2 oxidizes d‐α‐hydroxyglutarate more efficiently than d‐lactate exhibiting kcatapp/KMapp values of 1200 ± 300 m−1·s−1 and 11 ± 2 m−1·s−1, respectively. As expected, substrate‐reduced Dld2 very slowly reacted with oxygen or the artificial electron acceptor 2,6‐dichlorophenol indophenol. However, photoreduced Dld2 was rapidly reoxidized by oxygen, suggesting that the reaction products, that is, α‐ketoglutarate and pyruvate, ‘lock’ the reduced enzyme in an unreactive state. Interestingly, however, we could demonstrate that substrate‐reduced Dld2 rapidly transfers electrons to yETF. Therefore, we conclude that the formation of a product‐reduced Dld2 complex suppresses electron transfer to dioxygen but favors the rapid reduction in yETF, thus preventing the loss of electrons and the generation of reactive oxygen species.
In‐hospital morbidity and mortality among patients from residential respite care
Authors: Low Zi Yi , Storer Megan , Tai Rebecca , Yates Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundResidential respite is an important support for many community‐dwelling older Australians and their caregivers. Respite clients are often very frail with high or specific care needs. Little is known about the comparative outcomes of hospital admission between permanent residential aged care facility (RACF) residents and residential respite residents.AimTo determine the number of residential respite clients admitted to an acute tertiary hospital, and compare characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes with those of permanent residential care residents.MethodsRetrospective study of residential respite patients admitted to an Australian tertiary hospital between November 2014 and September 2017. Comparison groups: all RACF patients admitted during same period (general RACF group), and control group matched (2:1) for aged, gender and diagnosis. Main outcome measures: in‐hospital mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), in‐hospital complications (including fall, delirium, pressure injury, Medical Emergency Team (MET) call). Comparisons adjusted for age, gender, presenting symptom and matching variable.ResultsA total of 166 admissions from residential respite and 332 matched RACF controls identified from 4575 admissions for permanent RACF residents. Mortality was significantly higher in respite group versus general RACF group (15.1 vs 8.2%, P < 0.001) but not matched control group (15.1 vs 16.3%, P = 0.795). LOS was significantly higher in respite patients than either control group. Respite patients had significantly higher prevalence of in‐hospital fall (10.8 vs 1.5%, P < 0.0001) and delirium (35.5 vs 17.7%, P < 0.001) than matched RACF controls. No significant differences were seen in in MET‐call and pressure injury rates.ConclusionAlthough residential respite recipients represent a minority of total residential aged care admissions, they are at high risk of poor outcomes. Prospective identification and timely intervention may improve quality of care for this vulnerable cohort.
Diabetes care: addressing psychosocial well‐being in young adults with a newly developed assessment tool
Authors: Bachmeier Caroline A. E. , Waugh Claire , Vitanza Margaret , Bowden Trish , Uhlman Carolyn , Hurst Cameron , Okano Satomi , Barrett Helen , D'Silva Neisha , D'Emden Helen , O'Moore‐Sullivan Trisha 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsychosocial assessment should be part of clinic visits for people with diabetes mellitus (DM).AimsTo assess the usage and acceptance of a diabetes psychosocial assessment tool (DPAT) and to profile the clinical and psychosocial characteristics of young people with diabetes.MethodsOver a 12‐month period, young adults (18–25 years) attending diabetes clinic were offered DPAT. The tool embeds validated screening tools including the Problem Areas in Diabetes 20 (PAID‐20) questionnaire, the Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4) and the World Health Organization Well‐Being Index‐5 (WHO‐5). Baseline clinical data were collected and questions regarding social support, body image, eating concerns, hypoglycaemia and finances were included.ResultsOver the 12 month, the form was offered to 155 participants (64.6% of eligible attendees). The majority (96.1%) had type 1 DM with a mean duration of 10.5 (±5.3 SD) years. Average glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was 8.7% (±1.5 SD) (or 71.2 mmol/mol ±16.5 SD). Severe diabetes‐related distress (PAID‐20 ≥ 40) was found in 19.4%. Low WHO‐5 scores (28–50 points) were seen in 14.8%. PHQ‐4 identified 25.8% with anxiety and 16.1% with depression. Significant weight, shape and eating concerns were identified in 27.1, 26.6 and 28.4%, respectively. Serious hypoglycaemia concerns were raised by 4.5%.ConclusionDPAT revealed a high prevalence of psychosocial stress among young adults with DM. The tool was easy to use and accepted by patients and may aid streamlining referrals to relevant members of a multidisciplinary team.
Staff and client perspectives of the Open Borders programme for people with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Mortimer‐Jones Sheila , Morrison Paul , Munib Ahmed , Paolucci Francesco , Neale Sonia , Hellewell Amanda , Sinwan Jumiati , Hungerford Catherine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a move away from the medical model of care for people with borderline personality disorder, as hospital admission comes with a number of risks and potential adverse consequences. Although long‐term outpatient‐based therapy is successful, this may not be an option for those whose condition is in need of stabilisation. Brief admission for crisis intervention has been successful and is now widely used; however, research that examines both the staff and clients’ perceptions of a dedicated programme is lacking. Open Borders is a residential recovery‐oriented programme that provides brief admission, respite, and phone coaching for people with borderline personality disorder who are heavy users of the public mental health system. In this paper, the authors report the perspectives of clients and staff of the Open Borders programme obtained through semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis of client and staff perspectives identified four common themes: ‘Benefits of the programme’, ‘Enhanced client outcomes’, ‘Impact of the physical environment’, and ‘Ways of enhancing service delivery’. In addition, analysis of the staff perspectives included the theme ‘Emotional impact on staff’. Benefits of the programme included the small supportive team approach, flexibility of the staff to spend time with the clients to tailor care, and the relaxed, welcoming environment. Enhanced client outcomes included a reduction in self‐harming and hospitalization and an increase in self‐efficacy. These results support the move away from the medical model and the empowerment of clients to self‐manage their symptoms while fostering hope and self‐determination.
Optimal pricing strategy with disappointment‐aversion and elation‐seeking consumers: compared to price commitment
Authors: Wang Hua , Guan Zhenzhong , Dong Dayong , Zhao Na 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnder a mark‐down policy, strategic consumers will deliberately delay the purchase of products at a low price. When strategic consumers consider basic valuation, shortage probability, selling price, etc., and then expect that they cannot buy the product at a low price, they feel a sense of disappointment; otherwise, they feel a sense of elation. In addition, when the effect of disappointment on utility is greater than that of elation, strategic consumers are disappointment averse; on the other hand, they are elation seeking. Thus, we consider optimal pricing and inventory decisions of a firm where strategic consumers are disappointment averse and elation seeking, respectively (i.e., they are emotionally rational). The results show that, there exists a unique rational expectation (RE) equilibrium in this scenario. In addition, disappointment aversion alleviates strategic consumer behavior and increases the firm's price, inventory, and profit, whereas elation seeking does the opposite. Moreover, we compare price commitment to the RE equilibrium when strategic consumers are emotionally rational. The results show that, unlike the rationally unemotional case, when the disappointment‐aversion level is above the threshold, the optimal strategy for the firm is the RE equilibrium. Conversely, when strategic consumers are elation seeking (or the disappointment‐aversion level is smaller than the threshold), the optimal strategy is price commitment.
A heuristic inquiry on the role of person‐environment interaction in suicide risk among transgender youth
Authors: Chang Brie , Delaney Kathleen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElevated levels of suicide risk among transgender youth have alarmed both public health officials and researchers from various disciplines. Despite nursing's robust involvement in suicide research, literature reviews indicate a lack of nursing research focused on suicide among transgender youth. Most of the existing literature pertain to predictive factors in either the individual or environmental domain. There is limited research examining how interactions with the environment in of itself might be a predictive factor. This paper treats the subject of suicide risk among transgender youth with a heuristic inquiry into person–environment interaction. The Society to Cell Resiliency Framework and Social Self Preservation Model were used to inform exploration of how person–environment interactions might be associated with suicide risk. Implications of this framework will be discussed in terms of how it may affect advancements in nursing education, practice, and research with transgender youth.
Assessment of impact of a skin cancer education session on cosmetology students' knowledge and preparedness to assess future clients for skin lesions
Authors: Radisic Anna , Hundley Kelsey , Patel Nishit , Nelson Christopher , Mhaskar Rahul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 50% of cutaneous melanomas go undetected by patient self‐inspection, and lesions that go unnoticed are usually located on the scalp, head, and neck. Cosmetologists are able to examine areas difficult to see on self‐inspection.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to design and conduct an educational skin cancer screening presentation for cosmetology students and assess preparedness to discuss skin cancer with future clients.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study conducted and analyzed in 2017 assessed the efficacy of a skin cancer education presentation among cosmetology students. Students completed a pre‐/poststyle quiz aimed at assessing skin cancer knowledge. The difference in pre‐ and postknowledge quiz was analyzed using paired samples t test.ResultsA total of 194 students from seven cosmetology schools participated. Before the presentation, 43.4% felt underprepared to check for unusual lesions on future clients while 17.7% felt some level of preparedness. After, 3% felt underprepared while 51% felt prepared. There was a statistically significant difference in the skin cancer knowledge quiz total score before (M = 7.87, SD = 1.493) and after (M = 9.23, SD = 1.037) the educational presentation (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThis study shows most cosmetology students in the Tampa Bay area appear to be interested in learning more about skin cancer and agree that curricula should include skin cancer topics. Results of this study were limited to the Tampa Bay area and may not represent national trends. However, skin cancer presentation and screening‐related content could be included in cosmetology curricula to help better prepare cosmetologists to screen for suspicious skin lesions.