bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reforming States, Agricultural Transformation, and Economic Development in Russia and Japan, 1853–1913
Authors: Cohen Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA once-dominant family of interpretations of the beginnings of Japanese and Russian development claimed that policies adopted by the two states were inadequate to modernize agrarian property relations, and so both states were required to mediate between premodern agriculture and “hot-house” modern industry. More recent accounts have insisted that despite the limited reforms to agrarian property relations, agriculture in both countries in fact dynamically participated in economic development. This paper contends that these revised accounts’ one-sided focus on market opportunities leaves unresolved key puzzles. Why did productivity growth jump higher after the Meiji reforms in Japan? Why did only some regions participate in agricultural development in Russia? To answer these questions, this paper argues it is necessary to return attention to the ways agrarian property relations did and did not change following reforms adopted by the two states in the 1860s and 1870s. The key theoretical upshot of this analysis is that the initiation of capitalist development required a political process in which institutions that had previously guaranteed non-market access of rural households to subsistence were dismantled in favor of the domination of market relations.
Paranoid Delusions as an Adaptive Response to Social Evaluative Stress?
Authors: Clamor Annika , Krkovic Katarina 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Learning mechanisms may serve as a framework for understanding the formation of paranoia. Specifically, if paranoid thoughts after social stressors produce a short-term benefit for coping (e.g., downregulating arousal), the encountered negative reinforcement could lead to their excessive application and subsequently to long-term maladaptive convictions. The Trier Social Stress Test was utilized in healthy participants to examine this putative benefit. Participants rated paranoia at baseline and after the stressor. Subjective stress levels, negative affect, heart rate, and heart rate variability were assessed in the following rest phase (N = 59). Semipartial correlations showed that participants who responded with larger increases in paranoia were characterized by a lower heart rate in the subsequent rest phase. No associations were found with heart rate variability or psychological measures. Thus, paranoid thinking in healthy individuals could be an adaptive means for reestablishing some aspects of physiological homeostasis after a social stressor but further research is needed.
In‐Flight Observation of Positron Annihilation by ILDAS
Authors: Kochkin P. , Sarria D. , Skeie C. , van Deursen A. P. J. , de Boer A. I. , Bardet M. , Allasia C. , Flourens F. , Østgaard N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report a 511‐keV photon flux enhancement that was observed inside a thundercloud and is a result of positron annihilation. The observation was made with the In‐flight Lightning Damage Assessment System (ILDAS) on board of an A340 test aircraft. The aircraft was intentionally flying through a thunderstorm at 12‐km altitude over Northern Australia in January 2016. Two gamma ray detectors showed a significant count rate increase synchronously with fast electromagnetic field variations registered by an on‐board antenna. A sequence of 10 gamma ray enhancements was detected, each lasted for about 1 s. Their spectrum mainly consists of 511‐keV photons and their Compton component. The local electric activity during the emission was identified as a series of static discharges of the aircraft. A full‐scale Geant4 model of the aircraft was created to estimate the emission area. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that the positrons annihilated in direct vicinity or in the aircraft body.
Identification of strong intron enhancer in the heparanase gene: effect of functional rs4693608 variant on HPSE enhancer activity in hematological and solid malignancies
Authors: Ostrovsky Olga , Grushchenko-Polaq Ania Hava , Beider Katia , Mayorov Margarita , Canaani Jonathan , Shimoni Avichai , Vlodavsky Israel , Nagler Arnon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHeparanase is an endo-β-glucuronidase that specifically cleaves the saccharide chains of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans and releases HS-bound cytokines, chemokines, and bioactive growth-promoting factors. Heparanase plays an important role in the nucleus as part of an active chromatin complex. Our previous studies revealed that rs4693608 correlates with heparanase levels and increased risk of acute and extensive chronic graft vs. host disease (GVHD). Discrepancy between recipient and donor in this SNP significantly affected the risk of acute GVHD. In the present study, we analyzed the HPSE gene region, including rs4693608, and demonstrated that this region exhibits SNPs-dependent enhancer activity. Analysis of nuclear proteins from normal leukocytes revealed their binding to DNA probe of both alleles with higher affinity to allele G. All malignant cell lines and leukemia samples disclosed a shift of the main bands in comparison to normal leukocytes. At least five additional shifted bands were bound to allele A while allele G probe was bound to only one main DNA/protein complex. Additional SNPs rs4693083, rs4693084, and rs4693609 were found in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with rs11099592 (exon 7). Only rs4693084 affected protein binding to DNA in cell lines and leukemia samples. As a result of the short distance between rs4693608 and rs4693084, both SNPs may be included in a common DNA/protein complex. DNA pull-down assay revealed that heparanase is involved in self-regulation by negative feedback in rs4693608-dependent manner. During carcinogenesis, heparanase self-regulation is discontinued and the helicase-like transcription factor begins to regulate this enhancer region. Altogether, our study elucidates conceivable mechanism(s) by which rs4693608 SNP regulates HPSE gene expression and the associated disease outcome.
LSD1-ERRα complex requires NRF1 to positively regulate transcription and cell invasion
Authors: Zhang Ling , Carnesecchi Julie , Cerutti Catherine , Tribollet Violaine , Périan Séverine , Forcet Christelle , Wong Jiemin , Vanacker Jean-Marc 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) exerts dual effects on histone H3, promoting transcriptional repression via Lys4 (H3K4) demethylation or transcriptional activation through Lys9 (H3K9) demethylation. These activities are often exerted at transcriptional start sites (TSSs) and depend on the type of enhancer-bound transcription factor (TFs) with which LSD1 interacts. In particular, the Estrogen-Receptor Related α (ERRα) TF interacts with LSD1 and switches its activities toward H3K9 demethylation, resulting in transcriptional activation of a set of common target genes. However, how are the LSD1-TF and, in particular LSD1-ERRα, complexes determined to act at TSSs is not understood. Here we show that promoter-bound nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), but not ERRα, is essential to LSD1 recruitment at the TSSs of positive LSD1-ERRα targets. In contrast to ERRα, NRF1 does not impact on the nature of LSD1 enzymatic activity. We propose a three factor model, in which the LSD1 histone modifier requires a TSS tethering factor (NRF1) as well as an activity inducer (ERRα) to transcriptionally activate common targets. The relevance of this common network is illustrated by functional data, showing that all three factors are required for cell invasion in an MMP1 (Matrix MetalloProtease 1)-dependent manner, the expression of which is regulated by NRF1/LSD1/ERRα-mediated H3K9me2 demethylation.
Metronomic capecitabine vs. best supportive care in Child-Pugh B hepatocellular carcinoma: a proof of concept
Authors: De Lorenzo Stefania , Tovoli Francesco , Barbera Maria Aurelia , Garuti Francesca , Palloni Andrea , Frega Giorgio , Garajovà Ingrid , Rizzo Alessandro , Trevisani Franco , Brandi Giovanni 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThere is a relative lack of evidence about systemic treatments in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and moderate liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh B). In this multicenter study we retrospectively analyzed data from Child-Pugh B-HCC patients naïve to systemic therapies, treated with MC or best supportive care (BSC). To reduce the risk of selection bias, an inverse probability of treatment weighting approach was adopted. Propensity score was generated including: extrahepatic spread; macrovascular invasion; performance status, alphafetoprotein > 400 ng/ml, Child- Pugh score [B7 vs. B8–9]. We identified 35 MC-treated patients and 70 controls. Median overall survival was 7.5 [95% CI: 3.733–11.267]in MC-patients and 5.1 months [95% CI: 4.098–6.102] in the BSC group (p = 0.013). In patients treated with MC, median progression-free survival was 4.5 months (95% CI: 2.5–6.5). The univariate unweighted Cox regression showed a 42% reduction in death risk for patients on MC (95%CI: 0.370–0.906; p = 0.017). After weighting for potential confounders, death risk remained essentially unaltered. In the MC group, 12 patients (34.3%) experienced at least one adverse event, the most common of which were: fatigue (17.1%), hand-foot syndrome (8.5%), thrombocytopenia (8.5%), and neutropenia (5.7%). MC seems a safe option for Child-Pugh B-HCC patients. Its potential antitumour activity warrants prospective evaluations.
Saturated fatty acid attenuates anti-obesity effect of green tea
Authors: Yamashita Shuya , Hirashima Asami , Lin I-Chian , Bae Jaehoon , Nakahara Kanami , Murata Motoki , Yamada Shuhei , Kumazoe Motofumi , Yoshitomi Ren , Kadomatsu Mai , Sato Yuka , Nezu Ayaka , Hikida Ai , Fujino Konatsu , Murata Kyosuke , Maeda-Yamamoto Mari , Tachibana Hirofumi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGreen tea and its major polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) have suppressive effect on dietary obesity. However, it remains unsolved what type of diet on which they exhibit high or low anti-obesity effect. In the present study, we investigated whether anti-obesity effect of green tea differs depending on composition of fats or fatty acids that consist high-fat (HF) diet in mouse model. Green tea extract (GTE) intake dramatically suppressed weight gain and fat accumulation induced by olive oil-based HF diet, whereas the effects on those induced by beef tallow-based HF diet were weak. GTE also effectively suppressed obesity induced by unsaturated fatty acid-enriched HF diet with the stronger effect compared with that induced by saturated fatty acid-enriched HF diet. These differences would be associated with the increasing action of GTE on expression of PPARδ signaling pathway-related genes in the white adipose tissue. Expressions of genes relating to EGCG signaling pathway that is critical for exhibition of physiological effects of EGCG were also associated with the different effects of GTE. Here, we show that anti-obesity effect of GTE differs depending on types of fats or fatty acids that consist HF diet and could be attenuated by saturated fatty acid.
Development of optokinetic tracking software for objective evaluation of visual function in rodents
Authors: Segura Francisco , Arines Justo , Sánchez-Cano Ana , Perdices Lorena , Orduna-Hospital Elvira , Fuentes-Broto Lorena , Pinilla Isabel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop software that performs the optokinetic tracking assessment without the involvement of experimenters to increase the objectivity of the test. To check the effectiveness of the software, several videos were analyzed and the results were compared to those produced by two experimenters. Videos consisted of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity tests on normal animals and pigmented P23H rats (animal model of retinitis pigmentosa). Our software showed a reasonably high success rate: in approximately 78% of the cases, both the software program and the experimenters were in agreement, including the direction of rotation. The software detected 7% false positive cases, 10% false negative cases, and it was wrong in 5% of the cases. Decrease in visual function with age in pigmented P23H rats was observed from the first time interval, although minimum thresholds were found in visual parameters at advanced ages. We developed simple software based on current functions included in the Matlab image processing toolbox that was able to recognize, with a reasonably high percentage of success, the subtle head movements of the rodent produced when visual perception of the optokinetic optotype occurs.
“Do I Sound Straight?”: Acoustic Correlates of Actual and Perceived Sexual Orientation and Masculinity/Femininity in Men's Speech
Authors: Kachel Sven , Simpson Adrian P. , Steffens Melanie C. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThis study aims to give an integrative answer on which speech stereotypes exist toward German gay and straight men, whether and how acoustic correlates of actual and perceived sexual orientation are connected, and how this relates to masculinity/femininity. Hence, it tests speech stereotype accuracy in the context of sexual orientation.MethodTwenty-five gay and 26 straight German speakers provided data for a fine-grained psychological self-assessment (e.g., masculinity/femininity) and explicit speech stereotypes. They were recorded for an extensive set of read and spontaneous speech samples using microphones and nasometry. Recordings were analyzed for a variety of acoustic parameters (e.g., fundamental frequency and nasalance). Seventy-four listeners categorized speakers as gay or straight on the basis of the same sentence.ResultsMost relevant explicitly expressed speech stereotypes encompass voice pitch, nasality, chromaticity, and smoothness. Demonstrating implicit stereotypes, speakers were perceived as sounding straighter, the lower their median f0, center of gravity in /s/, and mean F2. However, based on actual sexual orientation, straight men only showed lower mean F1 than gay men. Additionally, we found evidence that actual masculinity/femininity and the degree of sexual orientation were reflected in gay and straight men's speech.ConclusionImplicit and explicit speech stereotypes about gay and straight men do not contain a kernel of truth, and differences within groups are more important than differences between them.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6484001
Benefits of long coherent integration for CZT‐based GPS signal acquisition
Authors: Xu Bing , Dou Jie , Dou Lei 
Published: June 2018

Due to its flexibility in calculating frequency spectrum, the chirp z‐transform (CZT) has been used in various applications where high‐frequency resolution is desirable, e.g. the acquisition of global positioning system (GPS) signals. However, the CZT is very time consuming when dealing with the very large size of input data. Thus, typically, only 1 ms data is used for GPS signal acquisition. In this Letter, the authors improve the acquisition precision and sensitivity of the CZT‐based acquisition by extending coherent integration time. To reduce computation load, they introduce a down‐sampling operation to the extended data without degrading acquisition performance. Results show that the CZT‐based acquisition with a coherent integration time of 10 ms obtains a frequency error of 5.9 Hz for the carrier‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of 25 dB‐Hz and can acquire signals with a CNR down to 22 dB‐Hz.
Exploring DCO+ as a tracer of thermal inversion in the disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296
Authors: Salinas V. N. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Murillo N. M. , Mathews G. S. , Qi C. , Williams J. P. , Wilner D. J. 
Published: June 2018

Context. In planet-forming disks, deuterated species like DCO+ often show up in rings. Two chemical formation routes contribute: cold deuteration at temperatures below 30 K and warm deuteration at temperatures up to 80 K.
Aims. We aim to reproduce the DCO+ emission in the disk around HD 163296 using a simple 2D chemical model for the formation of DCO+ through the cold deuteration channel and a parametric treatment of the warm deuteration channel.
Methods. We use data from ALMA in band 6 to obtain a resolved spectral imaging data cube of the DCO+ J = 3–2 line in HD 163296 with a synthesized beam of 0.′′53 × 0.′′42. We adopt a physical structure of the disk from the literature that reproduces the spectral energy distribution. We then apply a simplified chemical network for the formation of DCO+ that uses the physical structure of the disk as parameters along with a CO abundance profile, a constant HD abundance, and a constant ionization rate. We model the contribution of the warm deuteration channel with two parameters: an effective activation temperature and a constant abundance. Finally, from the resulting DCO+ abundances, we calculate the non-LTE emission using the 3D radiative transfer code LIME.
Results. The observed DCO+ emission is reproduced by a model with cold deuteration producing abundances up to 1.6 × 10−11. Warm deuteration, at a constant abundance of 3.2 × 10−12, becomes fully effective below 32 K and tapers off at higher temperatures, reproducing the lack of DCO+ inside 90 AU. Throughout the DCO+ emitting zone a CO abundance of 2 × 10−7 is found, with ~99% of it frozen out below 19 K. At radii where both cold and warm deuteration are active, warm deuteration contributes up to 20% of DCO+, consistent with detailed chemical models. The decrease in DCO+ at large radii is attributed to a temperature inversion at 250 AU, which raises temperatures above values where cold deuteration operates. Increased photodesorption may also limit the radial extent of DCO+. The corresponding return of the DCO+ layer to the midplane, together with a radially increasing ionization fraction, reproduces the local DCO+ emission maximum at ~260 AU.
Conclusions. We can successfully reproduce the observed morphology of DCO+ at large radii by only considering the dependence on temperature in the chemical reactions that produce it. Predictions on the location of DCO+ within the disk from simple models depend strongly on the gas temperature. Outer disk temperature inversions, expected when grains decouple from the gas and drift inward, can lead to secondary maxima in DCO+ emission and a reduction of its radial extent. This can appear as an outer emission ring, and can be used to identify a second CO desorption front.
The optical properties of dust: the effects of composition, size, and structure
Authors: Ysard N. , Jones A. P. , Demyk K. , Boutéraon T. , Koehler M. 
Published: June 2018

Context.Dust grains are determinant for setting the chemical, physical, dynamical, and radiative properties of all the media in which they are present. Their influence depends on the grain composition, size, and geometrical structure which vary throughout the life cycle of dust. In particular, grain growth arises in dense molecular clouds and protoplanetary disks as traced by an enhancement of the dust far-IR emissivity and by the effects of cloudshine and coreshine.Aims.Our aim is to investigate the imprint of the grain characteristics on the dust unpolarised optical properties from the visible to the far-IR wavelengths for isolated grains as well as for aggregates.Methods.Using optical constants for both carbonaceous and silicate materials, we have derived the absorption and scattering efficiencies, the asymmetry factor of the phase function, the single scattering albedo, and the mass opacity for isolated grains and aggregates, using either the Mie theory or the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). We investigated the effects of the size, porosity, and shape of the grains, and of the monomers constituting the aggregates, on the optical properties. Besides this, for aggregates we studied the influence of the number of monomers and of mixing monomer sizes.Results.Grain structure changes result in optical property variations at all wavelengths. Porosity, grain elongation, as well as aggregation all produce an increase in the far-IR opacity. The spectral dependence of this increase depends on the nature of the material composing the grain: it is independent of the wavelength for insulators but not for conductors. In the case of aggregates, the far-IR increase does not depend on the monomer size and saturates for aggregates containing six or more monomers. In the visible and near-IR, the aggregate behaviour is reminiscent of a compact sphere of the same mass whereas at longer wavelengths, it is closer to the effect of porosity. Finally, for silicates, the mid-IR spectral feature at 18μm is more sensitive to the details of the grain structure than the 10μm feature.Conclusions.Dust optical properties, from the visible to the far-IR, are highly dependent upon the grain composition, size, and structure. This study provides a basis for understanding the range of variations achievable as a result of varying the grain characteristics. It emphasises the importance of considering the detailed grain structure in determining the dust optical properties and of using exact methods because approximate methods cannot reproduce the entire range of the observed variations at all wavelengths.
Organocatalytic Atom-Transfer C(sp3)–H Oxidation
Authors: Hilinski Michael , Johnson Shea , Combee Logan 
Published: June 2018

Predictably site-selective catalytic methods for intermolecular C(sp3)–H hydroxylation and amination hold great promise for the synthesis and late-stage modification of complex molecules. Transition-metal catalysis has been the most common approach for early investigations of this type of reaction. In comparison, there are far fewer ­reports of organocatalytic methods for direct oxygen or nitrogen insertion into C–H bonds. Herein, we provide an overview of early efforts in this area, with particular emphasis on our own recent development of an iminium salt that catalyzes both oxygen and nitrogen insertion.1	Introduction2	Background: C–H Oxidation Capabilities of Heterocyclic Oxidants3	Oxaziridine-Mediated Catalytic Hydroxylation4	Dioxirane-Mediated Catalytic Hydroxylation5	Iminium Salt Catalysis of Hydroxylation and Amination6	Conclusion and Outlook
Electroimmunochemical Characterization of Endothelial Cell Proteins: Antigenic Relationship with Platelet and Erythrocyte Membrane Proteins
Authors: Børsum Tone , Hagen Inger , Bjerrum Ole J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHuman endothelial cells isolated from umbilical cords and cultured in primary cultures were solubilized in Triton X-100 and examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit antiserum against endothelial cells. Endogeneous labelling of the endothelial cell proteins with 35S-methionine or 14C-mannose followed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography revealed about 30 or 8 immunoprecipitates, respectively. Antigenic relationship between endothelial cell proteins and proteins in human platelets or erythrocyte membranes was demonstrated by use of the corresponding antisera and by antigen addition experiments. One of the endothelial cell proteins cross-reacted with antiserum against erythrocyte membranes and showed a partial antigenic identity reaction with the band 3 protein complex of erythrocyte membranes. The same protein showed antigenic relationship also with a platelet protein. In addition, endothelial cells contain at least 7 proteins antigenically related to platelet proteins, of which at least 5 were labelled with 14C-mannose and thus were glycoproteins. Three of these glycoproteins were antigenically related to proteins from isolated platelet membranes and three were related to the release products obtained after thrombin treatment of platelets. The present study demonstrated numerous platelet and endothelial cell proteins that were antigenically related, more than previously anticipated.