bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Cigarette Smoking/Tobacco Exposure and Cluster Headache: A Pathogenesis Theory
Authors: Rozen Todd D. 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionTo propose a hypothesis theory to establish a linkage between cigarette smoking and cluster headache pathogenesis.BackgroundCluster headache is a primary headache syndrome grouped under the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. What distinguishes cluster headache from all other primary headache conditions is its inherent connection to cigarette smoking. It is undeniable that tobacco exposure is in some manner related to cluster headache. The connection to tobacco exposure for cluster headache is so strong that even if an individual sufferer never smoked, then that individual typically had significant secondary smoke exposure as a child from parental smoking behavior and in many instances both scenarios exist. The manner by which cigarette smoking is connected to cluster headache pathogenesis is unknown at present. If this could be determined this may contribute to advancing our understanding of cluster headache pathophysiology.Methods/resultsHypothesis statement.ConclusionThe hypothesis theory will include several principles: (1) the need of double lifetime tobacco exposure, (2) that cadmium is possibly the primary agent in cigarette smoke that leads to hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis toxicity promoting cluster headache, (3) that the estrogenization of the brain and its specific sexually dimorphic nuclei is necessary to develop cluster headache with tobacco exposure, and (4) that the chronic effects of smoking and its toxic metabolites including cadmium and nicotine on the cortex are contributing to the morphometric and orexin alterations that have been previously attributed to the primary headache disorder itself.
Clinical subtypes and molecular basis of epidermolysis bullosa in Kuwait
Authors: Nanda Arti , Liu Lu , Al‐Ajmi Hejab , Al‐Saleh Qasem A. , Al‐Fadhli Suad , Anim John T. , Ozoemena Linda , Mellerio Jemima E. , McGrath John A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous blistering skin disease, but in countries such as Kuwait, there are very limited data on the clinical and molecular pathology of EB. To improve understanding of EB in Kuwait, we report the experience of a local tertiary referral center over a 17.5 year period (January 2000–June 2017) in establishing clinical and molecular diagnoses.MethodsReview of hospital records and diagnostic reports. Individual cases were diagnosed by combinations of clinical assessment, skin biopsy (immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy), Sanger sequencing of EB genes, and whole exome sequencing.ResultsFifty‐four families with EB were registered with the clinic over this period, 41 of whom (84 patients) participated in diagnostic studies. Thirty‐seven of these 41 families had consanguineous marriages; 34 had recessive forms of EB, while only seven had dominant subtypes. Recurrent mutations were observed in epidermal dystonin, transglutaminase 5, and type VII collagen.ConclusionsThe prevalence of EB in Kuwait is approximately three times that of internationally cited rates with an over‐representation of autosomal recessive variants. Establishing the molecular basis of EB in Kuwait with accurate diagnostic subtyping provides a basis for determining healthcare requirements and improving patient management of EB.
Transcatheter aortic valve‐in‐valve implantation in failed stentless bioprostheses
Authors: Huczek Zenon , Grodecki Kajetan , Scisło Piotr , Wilczek Krzysztof , Jagielak Dariusz , Fil Wojciech , Kubler Piotr , Olszówka Piotr , Dąbrowski Maciej , Frank Marek , Grygier Marek , Kidawa Michał , Wilimski Radosław , Żelazowska Katarzyna , Witkowski Adam , Kochman Janusz , Zembala Marian , Opolski Grzegorz , Dvir Danny , Wojakowski Wojciech 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo compare the safety and efficacy of transcathether aortic valve‐in‐valve implantation (ViV‐TAVI) in degenerated stentless bioprostheses with failed stented valves and degenerated native aortic valves.IntroductionLittle is known about ViV‐TAVI in degenerated stentless valves.MethodsOut of 45 ViV‐TAVI procedures reported in the POL‐TAVI registry, 20 failed stentless valves were compared with 25 stented prostheses and propensity‐matched with 45 native TAVI cases. The mean follow‐up was 633 (95% confidence interval [CI], 471–795) days and Valve Academic Research Consortium‐2 (VARC‐2) definitions were applied.ResultsPatients with degenerated stentless valves were younger (65.6, CI 58‐73.1 years vs 75.6, CI 72.2–78 [stented] vs 80.1, CI 78.7–81.6 y. [native], P < 0.001). Implantation was required later after surgery (11.5, CI 8–14.9 years) in the stentless cohort as compared with the stented one (6.2, CI 4.7–7.6 years, P = 0.006). ViV‐TAVI in the stentless group was also associated with larger amount of contrast (211, CI 157–266 mL vs 135, CI 104‐167 mL [stented] vs 132 (119–145) mL [native], P = 0.022). Using VARC‐2 composite endpoints, ViV‐TAVI in stentless prostheses was characterized by a lower device success (50% vs 76% in stented vs 88.9% in native TAVI, P < 0.001), but comparable early safety up to 30 days (73.7% vs 84% vs 81.8%, respectively, log‐rank P = 0.667) and long‐term clinical efficacy beyond 30 days (72.2% vs 72% vs 73.8%, respectively, log‐rank P = 0.963).ConclusionsDespite technical challenges and a lower device success, ViV‐TAVI in stentless aortic bioprostheses achieves similar safety, efficacy, and functional improvement as in stented or degenerated native valves.
Do Disruptive Visions Pay Off? The Impact of Disruptive Entrepreneurial Visions on Venture Funding
Authors: van Balen Timo , Tarakci Murat , Sood Ashish 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEntrepreneurs often articulate a vision for their venture that purports to fundamentally change, disturb, or re‐order the ways in which organizations, markets, and ecosystems operate. We call these visions disruptivevisions. Neglected in both the disruption and the impression management literature, disruptive visions are widespread in business practice. We integrate real options and impression management theories to hypothesize that articulating a disruptive vision increases the likelihood of the venture receiving funding but reduces the amount of funding obtained. A novel dataset of Israeli start‐ups shows that a standard deviation increase in disruptive vision communication increases the odds of receiving a first round of funding by 22 per cent, but reduces amounts of funds received by 24 per cent. A randomized online experiment corroborates these findings and further demonstrates that the expectation of extraordinary returns is the key mechanism driving investors’ sensemaking.
The effects of iatrogenic blood contamination on total nucleated cell counts and protein concentrations in canine cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: MacNeill Amy L. , Andre Barbara G. , Zingale Yenlie , Packer Rebecca A. , McGrath Stephanie 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) might be altered by iatrogenic blood contamination, precluding accurate diagnostic interpretation.ObjectivesAvailable formulas to correct for iatrogenic blood contamination are likely unreliable. Study objectives were to determine the effects of blood contamination on total nucleated cell counts (NCCs) and protein concentrations in canineCSF.MethodsTwo methods were followed to evaluate the effect of blood contamination on total NCC and protein concentrations inCSF. First, records from the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrospectively searched for dogs whereCSFanalysis was performed. TotalNCCs,RBCcounts, protein concentrations, and cytologic interpretations were recorded. Second,CSFfrom 4 canine patients and 3 research hounds was prospectively analyzed before and after known dilutions of whole blood were added.ResultsOf the 787 clinical samples analyzed, 108 samples had a cytologic diagnosis of blood contamination.RBCcounts for all clinical samples ranged from 0 to 210,000 cells/μL. No correlation between totalNCCs or protein concentrations withRBCcounts were found when all samples were evaluated. TotalNCCs andRBCs were weakly correlated in samples with a cytologic diagnosis of blood contamination and when ≥500RBC/μL was present. When serial dilutions of whole blood were added to normalCSF, no significant changes were observed in the totalNCCs of uncontaminated aliquots and contaminated aliquots containing up to 8480RBC/μL.ConclusionsErythrocyte counts in blood‐contaminated canineCSFpoorly correlate with totalNCCs and protein concentrations. Using formulas to correct totalNCCs and protein concentrations for the number ofRBCs inCSFis inappropriate.
Social network analysis of psychological morbidity in an urban slum of Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study based on a community census
Authors: Rabbani Atonu , Biju Nabila Rahman , Rizwan Ashfique , Sarker Malabika 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo test whether social ties play any roles in mitigating depression and anxiety, as well as in fostering mental health among young men living in a poor urban community.SettingA cohort of all young men living in an urban slum in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh.ParticipantsAll men aged 18–29 years (n=824) living in a low-income urban community at the time of the survey.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUnspecified psychological morbidity measured using the General Health Questionnaire, 12-item (GHQ-12), where lower scores suggest better mental status.ResultsThe GHQ scores (mean=9.2, SD=4.9) suggest a significant psychological morbidity among the respondents. However, each additional friend is associated with a 0.063 SD lower GHQ score (95% CI −0.106 to −0.021). Between centrality measuring the relative importance of the respondent within his social network is also associated with a 0.103 SD lower GHQ score (95% CI −0.155 to −0.051), as are other measures of social network ties. Among other factors, married respondents and recent migrants also report a better mental health status.ConclusionsOur results underscore the importance of social connection in providing a buffer against stress and anxiety through psychosocial support from one’s peers in a resource-constraint urban setting. Our findings also suggest incorporating a social network and community ties in designing mental health policies and interventions.
Quality indicators for responsible use of medicines: a systematic review
Authors: Fujita Kenji , Moles Rebekah J , Chen Timothy F 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveAll healthcare systems require valid ways to evaluate service delivery. The objective of this study was to identify existing content validated quality indicators (QIs) for responsible use of medicines (RUM) and classify them using multiple frameworks to identify gaps in current quality measurements.DesignSystematic review without meta-analysis.SettingAll care settings.Search strategyCINAHL, Embase, Global Health, International Pharmaceutical Abstract, MEDLINE, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched up to April 2018. An internet search was also conducted. Articles were included if they described medication-related QIs developed using consensus methods. Government agency websites listing QIs for RUM were also included.AnalysisSeveral multidimensional frameworks were selected to assess the scope of QI coverage. These included Donabedian’s framework (structure, process and outcome), the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system and a validated classification for causes of drug-related problems (c-DRPs; drug selection, drug form, dose selection, treatment duration, drug use process, logistics, monitoring, adverse drug reactions and others).Results2431 content validated QIs were identified from 131 articles and 5 websites. Using Donabedian’s framework, the majority of QIs were process indicators. Based on the ATC code, the largest number of QIs pertained to medicines for nervous system (ATC code: N), followed by anti-infectives for systemic use (J) and cardiovascular system (C). The most common c-DRPs pertained to ‘drug selection’, followed by ‘monitoring’ and ‘drug use process’.ConclusionsThis study was the first systematic review classifying QIs for RUM using multiple frameworks. The list of the identified QIs can be used as a database for evaluating the achievement of RUM. Although many QIs were identified, this approach allowed for the identification of gaps in quality measurement of RUM. In order to more effectively evaluate the extent to which RUM has been achieved, further development of QIs may be required.
Phantom motor execution as a treatment for phantom limb pain: protocol of an international, double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Lendaro Eva , Hermansson Liselotte , Burger Helena , Van der Sluis Corry K , McGuire Brian E , Pilch Monika , Bunketorp-Käll Lina , Kulbacka-Ortiz Katarzyna , Rignér Ingrid , Stockselius Anita , Gudmundson Lena , Widehammar Cathrine , Hill Wendy , Geers Sybille , Ortiz-Catalan Max 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionPhantom limb pain (PLP) is a chronic condition that can greatly diminish quality of life. Control over the phantom limb and exercise of such control have been hypothesised to reverse maladaptive brain changes correlated to PLP. Preliminary investigations have shown that decoding motor volition using myoelectric pattern recognition, while providing real-time feedback via virtual and augmented reality (VR-AR), facilitates phantom motor execution (PME) and reduces PLP. Here we present the study protocol for an international (seven countries), multicentre (nine clinics), double-blind, randomised controlled clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of PME in alleviating PLP.Methods and analysisSixty-seven subjects suffering from PLP in upper or lower limbs are randomly assigned to PME or phantom motor imagery (PMI) interventions. Subjects allocated to either treatment receive 15 interventions and are exposed to the same VR-AR environments using the same device. The only difference between interventions is whether phantom movements are actually performed (PME) or just imagined (PMI). Complete evaluations are conducted at baseline and at intervention completion, as well as 1, 3 and 6 months later using an intention-to-treat (ITT) approach. Changes in PLP measured using the Pain Rating Index between the first and last session are the primary measure of efficacy. Secondary outcomes include: frequency, duration, quality of pain, intrusion of pain in activities of daily living and sleep, disability associated to pain, pain self-efficacy, frequency of depressed mood, presence of catastrophising thinking, health-related quality of life and clinically significant change as patient’s own impression. Follow-up interviews are conducted up to 6 months after the treatment.Ethics and disseminationThe study is performed in agreement with the Declaration of Helsinki and under approval by the governing ethical committees of each participating clinic. The results will be published according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT03112928; Pre-results.
Mobile therapeutic attention for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (m-RESIST): a prospective multicentre feasibility study protocol in patients and their caregivers
Authors: Alonso-Solís Anna , Rubinstein Katya , Corripio Iluminada , Jaaskelainen Erika , Seppälä Annika , Vella Vincenzo Alberto , Caro-Mendivelso Johanna , Caspi Asaf , Isohanni Matti , Unoka Zsolt , Van der Graff Shenja , Farkas Kinga , Huerta-Ramos Elena , Marcó-García Silvia , Stevens Matthias , Coenen Tanguy , Hospedales Margarita , Berdún Jesús ,   the m-Resist group, Grasa Eva M 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionTreatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is a severe form of schizophrenia. In the European Union, approximately 40% of people with schizophrenia have TRS. Factors such as the persistence of positive symptoms or higher risk of comorbidities leave clinicians with a complex scenario when treating these patients. Intervention strategies based on mHealth have demonstrated their ability to support and promote self-management-based strategies. Mobile therapeutic attention for treatment-resistant schizophrenia(m-RESIST), an innovative mHealth solution based on novel technology and offering high modular and flexible functioning, has been developed specifically for patients with TRS and their caregivers. As intervention in TRS is a challenge, it is necessary to perform a feasibility study before the cost-effectiveness testing stage.Methods and analysisThis manuscript describes the protocol for a prospective multicentre feasibility study in 45 patients with TRS and their caregivers who will be attended in the public health system of three localities: Hospital Santa Creu Sant Pau (Spain), Semmelweis University (Hungary) and Gertner Institute & Sheba Medical Center (Israel). The primary aim is to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of the m-RESIST solution, configured by three mHealth tools: an app, wearable and a web-based platform. The solution collects data about acceptability, usability and satisfaction, together with preliminary data on perceived quality of life, symptoms and economic variables. The secondary aim is to collect preliminary data on perceived quality of life, symptoms and economic variables.Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol, funded by the Horizon 2020 Programme of the European Union, has the approval of the ethics committees of the participating institutions. Participants will be fully informed of the purpose and procedures of the study, and signed inform consents will be obtained. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in scientific conferences to ensure widespread dissemination.Trial registration numberNCT03064776; Pre-results.
Episiotomy practice in six Palestinian hospitals: a population-based cohort study among singleton vaginal births
Authors: Zimmo Kaled , Laine Katariina , Fosse Erik , Zimmo Mohammed , Ali-Masri Hadil , Zucknick Manuela , Vikanes Åse , Hassan Sahar 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo explore the rates, characteristics and indications for episiotomy among women delivering vaginally for the first time, as well as parous women.Study designA prospective, population-based birth cohort study.SettingObstetric departments in six Palestinian government hospitals.ParticipantsAll women with singleton vaginal births (n=29 165) from 1 March 2015 until 1 March 2016.MethodsAll women were divided into two groups: first vaginal birth group (n=9108), including primiparous women and women with their first vaginal birth after one caesarean section, and the parous group (n=20 057). Each group was analysed separately. Data were presented as numbers and percentages or range. Differences in rates were assessed by the p values of χ2test, or Fisher’s exact test if there are cell counts less than 5.Main outcome measuresEpisiotomy rates and indications among women of singleton births.ResultsThe overall episiotomy rate was 28.7%: 78.8% for women with first vaginal birth (range 56.6%–86.0%) and 5.9% for parous women (range 1.0%–9.5%). The most common indications for episiotomy were ‘primiparity’ in the first vaginal birth group (69.9%) and ‘protecting the perineum’ in the parous group (59.5%). The least common indications were prolonged second stage (1.5%) and fetal distress (6.9%), respectively.ConclusionIn Palestine, the majority of women who delivered vaginally for the first time had an episiotomy. Education of birth attendants, clinical audits, educational interventions and adherence to the updated guidelines may help to decrease the routine overuse of episiotomy.
Comparison of self-reported measures of alcohol-related dependence among young Swiss men: a study protocol for a cross-sectional controlled sample
Authors: Iglesias Katia , Sporkert Frank , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Gmel Gerhard , Baggio Stephanie 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionShort screenings of alcohol-related dependence are needed for population-based assessments. A clinical interview constitutes a reliable diagnosis often seen as gold standard, but it is costly and time consuming and as such, not suitable for population-based assessments. Therefore, self-reported questionnaires are needed (eg, alcohol use disorder (AUD) as in the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 5), but their reliability is questionable. Recent studies called for more evidence-based measurements for population-based screening (eg, heavy alcohol use over time (HAU)). This study aims to test the reliability of different self-reported measures of alcohol use.Methods and analysisBased on stratified random selection, 280 participants will be recruited from the French-speaking subgroup of the Swiss National Science Foundation-supported Cohort Study on Substance Use and Risk Factors (C-SURF). This cohort is a population-based sample of young Swiss men in their mid-20s (n=2668). The sample size calculation is based on a proportion non-inferiority test (alpha=5%, power=80%, margin of equivalence=10%, difference in sensitivity between self-reported AUD and HAU=5%, correlation between AUD and HAU=0.35, and drop-outs=15%). Assessment will include a clinical interview as the gold standard of alcohol-related dependence, self-reported alcohol measures (HAU, AUD and drinking patterns), biomarkers as gold standards of chronic excessive drinking, and health outcomes. To assess the validity of the self-reported alcohol measures, sensitivity analyses will be run. The associations between alcohol-related measures and health outcomes will be tested. A non-response analysis will be run using the previous waves of the C-SURF study using logistic regressions.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland (no. 2017–00776). The results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international conferences.
Effect of impurity carbon and oxygen atoms on the behavior of hydrogen in vanadium in a fusion environment: A first-principles study
Authors: Hua Juan , Li Ying , Liu Yue-Lin 
Published: July 2018

We have investigated the effect of impurity X (X = C and O) atoms on the behavior of hydrogen in vanadium, which is an ideal structural material for nuclear fusion reactors, by first-principles calculations. We found that (1) in bulk V, the interaction between an interstitial H atom and an X atom is repulsive, and the interaction with O is much stronger than that with C. (2) The X–vacancy (vac) cluster can act as a center for capturing H in V. The C-vac cluster can trap as many as two H atoms, while the O–vac cluster can capture up to four H atoms. (3) C and O impurities can effectively decrease the trapping energy of a single H atom in a vacancy. The H-trapping energies in the C–vac and O–vac complexes are 0.88 eV and 0.46 eV, respectively, both of which are lower than those in the X-free vacancy. (4) Both H–X and X-metal interactions affect the H solubility in V. The above results provide important information for application of vanadium as a structural material for nuclear fusion tokamaks.
On a class of solutions to the generalized KdV type equation
Authors: Linares Felipe , Miyazaki Hayato , Ponce Gustavo 
Published: July 2018

We consider the IVP associated to the generalized KdV equation with low degree of nonlinearity [Formula: see text] By using an argument similar to that introduced by Cazenave and Naumkin [Local existence, global existence, and scattering for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Commun. Contemp. Math. 19(2) (2017) 1650038, MR3611666], we establish the local well-posedness for a class of data in an appropriate weighted Sobolev space. Also, we show that the solutions obtained satisfy the propagation of regularity principle proven in [P. Isaza, F. Linares and G. Ponce, On the propagation of regularity and decay of solutions to the [Formula: see text]-generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation, Comm. Partial Differential Equations 40(7) (2015) 1336–1364, MR3341207] in solutions of the [Formula: see text]-generalized KdV equation.