bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culturally clustered or in the cloud? How amenities drive firm location decision in Berlin
Authors: Moeller Kristoffer 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCreative firms are neither capital‐ nor land‐intensive in production. They predominantly rely on creative and specialized labor and, assuming a strong competition for workers, are therefore increasingly dependent on the location of their (potential) employees. If these creative and highly qualified employees are attracted by consumption amenities such as bars, clubs, and restaurants, then it follows that these same amenities may determine the location of creative service firms. I investigate this hypothesis by examining whether Berlin Internet start‐up firms locate in urban amenity‐rich places. Identification builds on the fall of the Berlin Wall. A 1 percent increase in amenity density raises the probability of a start‐up location by almost 2 percent. A comparison with other service industries suggests that amenities are significant to the location choice of creative sectors, whereas no effect can be observed for nonreative firms.
High acclimation potential in floating Macrocystis pyrifera to abiotic conditions even under grazing pressure – a field study
Authors: Rothäusler Eva , Reinwald Hannes , López Boris A. , Tala Fadia , Thiel Martin 
Published: March 2018

The persistence of floating seaweeds, which depends on abiotic conditions but also herbivory, had previously been mostly tested in outdoor mesocosm experiments. In order to investigate if the obtained mesocosm results of high seaweed persistence under natural environmental conditions and under grazing pressure can be extrapolated to field situations, we conducted in situ experiments. During two summers (2007 and 2008), Macrocystis pyrifera was tethered (for 14 d) to lines in the presence and absence of the amphipod Peramphithoe femorata at three sites (Iquique, Coquimbo, Calfuco). We hypothesized that grazing damage and seaweed persistence vary among sites due to different abiotic factors. By incubating the sporophytes in mesh bags, we were either able to isolate (grazing) or exclude (control) amphipods. To test for a mesh bag artifact, a set of sporophytes was incubated without mesh bags (natural). Mesh bags used to exclude herbivores influenced sporophyte growth and physiological performance. The chlorophyll a (Chl a) content depended largely on grazers and grazed sporophytes grew less than natural and control sporophytes within the two summers. A decrease in Chl a content was found for the sites with the highest prevailing irradiances and temperatures, suggesting an efficient acclimation to these sea surface conditions. Our field‐based results of sporophyte acclimation ability even under grazing pressure widely align with previous mesocosm results. We conclude that M. pyrifera and other temperate floating seaweeds can function as long‐distance dispersal vectors even with hitchhiking mesoherbivores.
The burden of hepatitis C virus in Cameroon: Spatial epidemiology and historical perspective
Authors: Njouom R. , Siffert I. , Texier G. , Lachenal G. , Tejiokem M. C. , Pépin J. , Fontanet A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCameroon is thought to have one of the highest prevalences of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the world (4.9% among adults). A marked cohort effect exists in several communities where ≈50% of the elderly are infected. Better assessment of HCV distribution is needed for planning treatment programmes. We tested for HCV antibodies 14 150 capillary blood samples collected during the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey, whose participants were representative of the Cameroonian population aged 15‐49 (both genders) and 50‐59 years (men only). Historical data on exposure to medical care were collected and factors associated with HCV assessed through logistic regression and geospatial analyses. To estimate prevalence in all persons aged ≥15 years, we used data from the survey for the 15‐59 years fraction and modelled a cohort effect for older individuals. The nationwide HCV prevalence was 0.81% for the 15‐49 years group, and 2.51% for all individuals aged ≥15 years. Only 0.2% of individuals aged 15‐19 were seropositive. Among participants aged 15‐44 years, HCV was associated with age, rural residence and, for males, with ritual circumcision. For those aged 45‐59 years, HCV was associated with age and access to medical care in the late 1950s. Prevalence of HCV seropositivity in Cameroon is half of previous estimates. Nationwide surveys are essential to rationalize resources allocation. The high prevalence among older cohorts, a colonial legacy, has had little spillover into younger cohorts. HCV‐free generations might be attainable in countries not plagued with intravenous drug abuse.
Collaborative multimodal composing: tracing the unique partnerships of three pairs of adolescents composing across three digital projects
Authors: Smith Blaine E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough a large body of research emphasises the collaborative nature of adolescents' multimodal composing processes in and out of school, little is known about how or why collaborative partnerships might differ across composers or digital tools. Integrating sociocultural and social semiotics theoretical frameworks, this study examined how three pairs of culturally and linguistically diverse Grade 12 students collaboratively composed across three multimodal projects – a website, hypertext literary analysis and podcast – when responding to and analysing literature. Data sources included screen capture and video observations, student design interviews and written reflections. Qualitative data analysis revealed three different types of collaborative partnerships: (1) designer and assistant collaboration, (2) balanced division collaboration and (3) alternating lead collaboration. The division of labor between students was based on the convergence of mediating factors, with students negotiating multiple modes and tools, along with their partner's and their own technical skills, content knowledge and design preferences. These findings demonstrate how collaborative multimodal composing processes were multilayered and offered students flexibility for tailoring unique collaborative partnerships. Implications are discussed for understanding and supporting adolescents' collaborative multimodal composing processes in the classroom.
Pantoprazole‐induced autoimmune chronic hepatitis
Authors: Meunier Lucy , Ursic‐Bedoya Jose , Pageaux Georges‐Philippe , Larrey Dominique 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough very rare, pantoprazole can result in acute hepatitis. It has yet to be reported, however, that it can also cause chronic autoimmune hepatitis.Aim, method and resultsWe report the case of a patient in whom pantoprazole administration for 2 months was followed by acute liver injury with severe jaundice and features of autoimmunity. A liver biopsy revealed acute hepatocellular lesions associated with cholestasis, acute cholangitis and polymorphous inflammatory infiltration suggestive of drug‐induced liver injury. The jaundice disappeared following discontinuation of the pantoprazole. There was, however, chronic autoimmune liver injury, with the occurrence of extensive liver fibrosis within a few months. This led to the administration of immunosuppressive agents, which led to progressive and complete recovery associated with the disappearance of autoantibodies.ConclusionThis observation further supports the notion that pantoprazole can induce acute hepatocellular hepatitis, and it strongly suggests that it may trigger acute cholangitis and autoimmune liver injury. This case also helps document that some drugs can induce chronic autoimmune hepatitis that can resolve with immunosuppressive treatment.
Ceres internal structure from geophysical constraints
Authors: King Scott D. , Castillo‐Rogez Julie C. , Toplis M. J. , Bland Michael T. , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThermal evolution modeling has yielded a variety of interior structures for Ceres, ranging from a modestly differentiated interior to more advanced evolution with a dry silicate core, a hydrated silicate mantle, and a volatile‐rich crust. Here we compute the mass and hydrostatic flattening from more than one hundred billion three‐layer density models for Ceres and describe the characteristics of the population of density structures that are consistent with the Dawn observations. We show that the mass and hydrostatic flattening constraints from Ceres indicate the presence of a high‐density core with greater than a 1σ probability, but provide little constraint on the density, allowing for core compositions that range from hydrous and/or anhydrous silicates to a mixture of metal and silicates. The crustal densities are consistent with surface observations of salts, water ice, carbonates, and ammoniated clays, which indicate hydrothermal alteration, partial fractionation, and the possible settling of heavy sulfide and metallic particles, which provide a potential process for increasing mass with depth.
Fine‐scale genetic structure and helping decisions in a cooperatively breeding bird
Authors: Leedale Amy E. , Sharp Stuart P. , Simeoni Michelle , Robinson Elva J. H. , Hatchwell Ben J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn animal societies, characteristic demographic and dispersal patterns may lead to genetic structuring of populations, generating the potential for kin selection to operate. However, even in genetically structured populations, social interactions may still require kin discrimination for cooperative behaviour to be directed towards relatives. Here, we use molecular genetics and long‐term field data to investigate genetic structure in an adult population of long‐tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus, a cooperative breeder in which helping occurs within extended kin networks, and relate this to patterns of helping with respect to kinship. Spatial autocorrelation analyses reveal fine‐scale genetic structure within our population, such that related adults of either sex are spatially clustered following natal dispersal, with relatedness among nearby males higher than that among nearby females, as predicted by observations of male‐biased philopatry. This kin structure creates opportunities for failed breeders to gain indirect fitness benefits via redirected helping, but crucially, most close neighbours of failed breeders are unrelated and help is directed towards relatives more often than expected by indiscriminate helping. These findings are consistent with the effective kin discrimination mechanism known to exist in long‐tailed tits and support models identifying kin selection as the driver of cooperation.
Selectivity underlies the dissociation between seasonal prey availability and prey consumption in a generalist predator
Authors: Whitney Thomas D. , Sitvarin Michael I. , Roualdes Edward A. , Bonner Simon J. , Harwood James D. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGeneralist predators are capable of selective foraging, but are predicted to feed in close proportion to prey availability to maximize energetic intake especially when overall prey availability is low. By extension, they are also expected to feed in a more frequency‐dependent manner during winter compared to the more favourable foraging conditions during spring, summer and fall seasons. For 18 months, we observed the foraging patterns of forest‐dwelling wolf spiders from the genusSchizocosa(Araneae: Lycosidae) usingPCR‐based gut‐content analysis and simultaneously monitored the activity densities of two common prey: springtails (Collembola) and flies (Diptera). Rates of prey detection within spider guts relative to rates of prey collected in traps were estimated using Roualdes’ cstmodel and compared using various linear contrasts to make inferences pertaining to seasonal prey selectivity. Results indicated spiders foraged selectively over the course of the study, contrary to predictions derived from optimal foraging theory. Even during winter, with overall low prey densities, the relative rates of predation compared to available prey differed significantly over time and by prey group. Moreover, these spiders appeared to diversify their diets; the least abundant prey group was consistently overrepresented in the diet within a given season. We suggest that foraging in generalist predators is not necessarily restricted to frequency dependency during winter. In fact, foraging motives other than energy maximization, such as a more nutrient‐focused strategy, may also be optimal for generalist predators during prey‐scarce winters.
Dynamic Speed Harmonization in Connected Urban Street Networks
Authors: Tajalli Mehrdad , Hajbabaie Ali 
Published: March 2018

AbstractConnected vehicle technology, the Internet of Things, and other advanced communication technologies create possibilities to facilitate the movement of vehicles through transportation networks and reduce their travel time. Harmonizing the speed of vehicles in different network links not only yields a more efficient network capacity utilization, but also regulates the movement of vehicles to achieve a “smoother” flow of traffic. This study develops a mathematical nonlinear formulation for dynamic speed harmonization in urban street networks aiming at improving traffic operations. We have converted the nonlinear problem into a linear program utilizing the fundamental flow–density relationship and developed a model predictive control approach to account for stochastic changes in traffic demand and further improve the efficiency of the developed solution algorithm. Results showed that the algorithm efficiently found dynamic optimal advisory speeds on various network links, and speed harmonization significantly reduced the travel time (up to 5.4%), speed variance (19.8%–29.4%), and the number of stops (8.3%–18.5%), while increasing the average speed (up to 5.9%) and the number of completed trips (up to 4%) in our case study network under all tested demand patterns.
Shape Generation of Grid Structures by Inverse Hanging Method Coupled with Multiobjective Optimization
Authors: Su Yan , Wu Yue , Ji Wei , Shen Shizhao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFree‐form grid structure is a kind of structure whose shape cannot be expressed by analytical functions. Although this kind of structure has been widely used in practice, how to generate the structural shapes that not only satisfy architectural requirements but also have excellent mechanical properties is still a problem. This article focuses on the shape generation of complex grid structures and proposes a novel shape‐generation method for free‐form grid structures. The method integrates numerical inverse hanging method and multiobjective optimization. First, it uses numerical inverse hanging method to generate structural shapes in low bending moment level. Next, it uses dynamic weight multiobjective firefly optimization algorithm to adjust the parameters of the inverse hanging method adaptively so that the structural shape can satisfy architectural requirements. Comparisons with former shape‐generation methods show that the proposed method is more effective. Numerical examples based on real structures illustrate the applicability of the proposed method in practice.
The effect of a controlled gluten challenge in a group of patients with suspected non‐coeliac gluten sensitivity: A randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenge
Authors: Dale H. F. , Hatlebakk J. G. , Hovdenak N. , Ystad S. O. , Lied G. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundNon‐coeliac gluten‐sensitivity (NCGS) has been proposed as a new entity with unknown prevalence and mechanisms, and there is a need for a standardized procedure to confirm the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to characterize the response to an oral gluten‐challenge in patients with a symptom‐relief when following a gluten free‐diet (GFD).MethodsTwenty patients (14F/6M, age range: 21‐62 years) with suspected NCGS, without coeliac disease and wheat‐allergy, were included while on a gluten‐free diet. All patients went through four periods of double‐blinded provocation, two with gluten and two with placebo in randomized order. They consumed two muffins a day (11/0 g gluten) for 4 days, followed by a 3‐day wash‐out. Gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded with questionnaires at baseline and after each provocation. We also investigated whether patients were able to correctly identify periods with gluten‐exposure.Key ResultsCollectively the whole group reported the most severe symptoms after placebo (P = .012). Four out of twenty patients correctly identified the two periods when they received gluten, hence were diagnosed with NCGS. The diagnosed‐group tended to show higher symptom scores than the not‐diagnosed group both at baseline, after gluten exposure and after placebo, but no clear difference was seen between provocation with gluten and placebo. The not‐diagnosed group showed more severe symptoms with placebo than with gluten (P = .029).Conclusions and InferencesThe present study showed that the majority of patients with suspected NCGS are not able to identify when challenged with gluten in a double‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge, indicating that gluten is not the cause of their symptoms.
Disruption of the pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal via nitric oxide contributes to postoperative ileus
Authors: Kaji N. , Nakayama S. , Horiguchi K. , Iino S. , Ozaki H. , Hori M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundInterstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) serve as intestinal pacemakers. Postoperative ileus (POI) is a gastrointestinal motility disorder that occurs following abdominal surgery, which is caused by inflammation‐induced dysfunction of smooth muscles and enteric neurons. However, the participation ofICCinPOIis not well understood. In this study, we investigated the functional changes ofICCin a mouse model ofPOI.MethodsIntestinal manipulation (IM) was performed to inducePOI. At 24 h or 48 h afterIM, the field potential of the intestinal tunica muscularis was investigated. Tissues were also examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic analysis.Key ResultsGastrointestinal transit was significantly decreased with intestinal tunica muscularis inflammation at 24 h afterIM, which was ameliorated at 48 h afterIM. The generation and propagation of pacemaker potentials were disrupted at 24 h afterIMand recovered to the control level at 48 h afterIM.ICCnetworks, detected by c‐Kit immunoreactivity, were remarkably disrupted at 24 h afterIM. Electron microscopic analysis revealed abnormal vacuoles in theICCcytoplasm. Interestingly, theICCnetworks recovered at 48 h afterIM. Administration of aminoguanidine, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, suppressed the disruption ofICCnetworks. Ileal smooth muscle tissue cultured in the presence of nitric oxide donor, showed disruptedICCnetworks.Conclusions and InferencesThe generation and propagation of pacemaker potentials byICCare disrupted via nitric oxide afterIM, and this disruption may contribute toPOI. When inflammation is ameliorated,ICCcan recover their pacemaker function.
Effects of ramelteon on cardiac injury and adipose tissue pathology in rats with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Uchinaka Ayako , Kawashima Yuri , Sano Yuki , Ito Shogo , Sano Yusuke , Nagasawa Kai , Matsuura Natsumi , Yoneda Mamoru , Yamada Yuichiro , Murohara Toyoaki , Nagata Kohzo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMelatonin regulates circadian rhythms but also has antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory effects that ameliorate metabolic disorders. We investigated the effects of the selective melatonin agonist ramelteon on cardiac and adipose tissue pathology in the DahlS.Z‐Leprfa/Leprfa (DS/obese) rat, a model of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Rats were treated with a low (0.3 mg/kg per day) or high (8 mg/kg per day) dose of ramelteon from 9 to 13 weeks of age. Ramelteon treatment at either dose attenuated body weight gain, left ventricular fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, as well as cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation, without affecting hypertension or insulin resistance. Although ramelteon did not affect visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, it attenuated inflammation and downregulated insulin signaling in this tissue. In contrast, ramelteon reduced fat mass, adipocyte hypertrophy, and inflammation, and ameliorated impaired insulin signaling in subcutaneous WAT. In addition, ramelteon attenuated adipocyte hypertrophy, downregulated mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, and upregulated 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT). In summary, ramelteon treatment attenuated obesity and cardiac injury, improved insulin signaling in visceral and subcutaneous WAT, and inhibited the whitening of BAT in rats with MetS.
Correlation of vocals and lyrics with left temporal musicogenic epilepsy
Authors: Tseng Wei‐En J. , Lim Siew‐Na , Chen Lu‐An , Jou Shuo‐Bin , Hsieh Hsiang‐Yao , Cheng Mei‐Yun , Chang Chun‐Wei , Li Han‐Tao , Chiang Hsing‐I , Wu Tony 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhether the cognitive processing of music and speech relies on shared or distinct neuronal mechanisms remains unclear. Music and language processing in the brain are right and left temporal functions, respectively. We studied patients with musicogenic epilepsy (ME) that was specifically triggered by popular songs to analyze brain hyperexcitability triggered by specific stimuli. The study included two men and one woman (all right‐handed, aged 35–55 years). The patients had sound‐triggered left temporal ME in response to popular songs with vocals, but not to instrumental, classical, or nonvocal piano solo versions of the same song. Sentimental lyrics, high‐pitched singing, specificity/familiarity, and singing in the native language were the most significant triggering factors. We found that recognition of the human voice and analysis of lyrics are important causal factors in left temporal ME and provide observational evidence that sounds with speech structure are predominantly processed in the left temporal lobe. A literature review indicated that language‐associated stimuli triggered ME in the left temporal epileptogenic zone at a nearly twofold higher rate compared with the right temporal region. Further research on ME may enhance understanding of the cognitive neuroscience of music.
Removal of irrelevant information from working memory: sometimes fast, sometimes slow, and sometimes not at all
Authors: Oberauer Klaus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTo function properly, working memory must be rapidly updated. Updating requires the removal of information no longer relevant. I present six experiments designed to explore the boundary conditions and the time course of removal. A condition in which three out of six memory items can be removed was compared to two baseline conditions in which either three or six items were encoded and maintained in working memory. The time for removal was varied. In experiment 1, in the removal condition, a distinct subset of three words was cued to be irrelevant after encoding all six words. With longer removal time, response times in the removal condition approximated those in the set‐size 3 baseline, but accuracies stayed at the set‐size 6 level. In experiment 2, in which a random subset of three words was cued as irrelevant, there was no evidence for removal. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that when each item is cued as relevant or irrelevant after its encoding, irrelevant items can be removed rapidly and completely. Experiments 5 and 6 showed that complete removal was no longer possible when words had to be processed before being cued as irrelevant. The pattern of findings can be explained by distinguishing two forms of removal: deactivation removes working‐memory contents from the set of competitors for retrieval; unbinding contents from their contexts removes them from working memory entirely, so that they also cease to compete for limited capacity.