bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pack-Boriding of Pure Iron with Powder Mixtures Containing ZrB2
Authors: Calik A. , Ucar N. , Karakas M.S. , Tanis H. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Boriding of pure iron was investigated using the powder pack method with boriding powder mixtures containing different weight fractions of ZrB2 (5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %). The samples were borided in an electric resistance furnace for an exposure time of 4 h at 1,173 K temperature under atmospheric pressure. Borided samples were characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction analyses and microhardness tests. Results showed that the boride layers consisted mainly of FeB and Fe2B phases. No significant difference in boride layer thicknesses (average 140 μm) could be observed as a function of ZrB2 content. The needle-like morphology of the boride layer became more prominent with increasing weight fraction of ZrB2 in the boriding powders. The average microhardness of the boride layer decreased with increasing ZrB2 content due to changes in the morphology of the boride layer.
The Blood brain-barrier and its role in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Storck Steffen E. , Pietrzik Claus U. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The blood brain-barrier (BBB), built up by the interaction of different cell types in vessels of the brain, is essential for brain homeostasis. As a gatekeeper of the central nervous system (CNS), the BBB controls the exchange of molecules between brain and blood. In many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) the BBB show alterations which impair brain function and promote neurodegeneration. As an important elimination route for neurotoxic amyloid-beta (Aβ), the BBB is crucial for the healthy brain by regulating the concentration of soluble Aβ in the interstitial fluid (ISF) in the brain. Here, we discuss the composition and distinctive physiological features of CNS vasculature and the pathological alterations that are present in AD and disturb BBB function.
Meinong’s Multifarious Being and Russell’s Ontological Variable: Being in Two Object Theories across Traditions at the Turn of the 20th Century
Authors: Pribram-Day Ivory 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper discusses the problems of an ontological value of the variable in Russell’s philosophy. The variable is essential in Russell’s theory of denotation, which among other things, purports to prove Meinongian being outside of subsistence and existence to be logically unnecessary. I argue that neither Russell’s epistemology nor his ontology can account for the ontological value of the variable without running into qualities of Meinongian being that Russell disputed. The problem is that the variable cannot be logically grounded by Russell’s theory of denotation. As such, in so far as being is concerned, Meinong and Russell’s theories are much closer than is typically thought. The arguments are supported with concerns raised by Russell, Frege, and Moore regarding the ontological value of the variable. The problem can be summarised as follows: the variable is the fundamental denoting-position of a formal theory that is meant to explain the structure of the ontological. If such a formal theory is meant to ground the ontological, then the formal must also represent the actual structure of the ontological. Yet the variable, the fundamental symbol of denotation in a theory that defines objects, is ontologically indefinable.
Risk severity moderated effectiveness of pain treatment in adolescents
Authors: Vuorimaa Hanna , Leppänen Leena , Kautiainen Hannu , Mikkelsson Marja , Hietanen Maiju , Vilen Heli , Pohjankoski Heini 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
A targeted pain program may prevent the progression and subsequent occurrence of chronic pain in adolescents. This study tested the effectiveness of a new acceptance and commitment therapy -based pain management intervention, using physical and psychological functions as the outcomes. The objective was also to determine whether Pediatric Pain Screening Tool risk profiles function as outcome moderator in the current sample. A valid screening tool would enable the program development.

Methods
Thirty-two consecutive adolescent patients (13–17 years old) with idiopathic recurrent musculoskeletal pain completed the study. The intervention comprised acceptance and commitment therapy-oriented multidisciplinary treatment. Pediatric Pain Screening Tool, pain frequency, functional disability, school attendance, physical endurance, depressive symptoms, and catastrophizing coping style were measured before treatment (baseline) and again at 6 and 12 months after the initiation of treatment. To test the effectiveness of the new program, we also determined whether the original risk classification of each patient remained constant during the intervention.

Results
The intervention was effective for high-risk patients. In particular, the pain frequency decreased, and psychosocial measures improved. In post-intervention, the original risk classification of seven patients in the high-risk category changed to medium-risk. PPST classification acted as a moderator of the outcome of the current program.

Conclusions
The categorization highlighted the need to modify the program content for the medium-risk patients. The categorization is a good tool to screen adolescent patients with pain.

Implications
The results support using the Pediatric Pain Screening Tool in developing rehabilitation program for pediatric musculoskeletal pain patients. According to the result, for adolescent prolonged musculoskeletal pain patients the use of ACT-based intervention program is warranted.
Selenium analogs of phenoxypropionic and phenoxyacetic herbicides
Authors: Zakrzewski Jerzy , Huras Bogumiła , Kiełczewska Anna , Krawczyk Maria 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Selenium analogs of phenoxyacetic herbicides, namely 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4-DP), 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propionic acid (MCPP), 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetic acid (MCPA), 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid (2,4,5-TP), and 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4,5-T), were synthesized in two steps. Iodo aryl derivatives were dimerized with elemental selenium in the presence of CuO as catalyst to the corresponding diselenides. Diselenides were reduced with NaBH4 to a selenide anion and condensed with either propionic or chloroacetic acid to achieve the selenium analogs of phenoxyacetic herbicides. These selenium analogs show moderate herbicidal and fungistatic activity.
Bis-heterocycles. Part I: tetrahydro-5,5′- bi(1,2,4-triazin-6-ones)
Authors: Mohammad Hanan H. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Sabri Salim S. , Awwadi Firas F. , Voelter Wolfgang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Selected sets of tetrahydro-5,5′-bi(1,2,4-triazines) (1–3) appended with acetyl, benzoyl, and ester moieties at C-3 position and N-1 (p-substituted)phenyl ring have been prepared and characterized by spectral (IR, NMR, MS) data and X-ray diffraction for compound 3a. Their synthesis was achieved in high yield via the reaction of diethyl aminomalonate with various N-(aryl)hydrazonoyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine.
Histamine H1 Receptor Contributes to Vestibular Compensation
Authors: Chen Zhang-Peng , Zhang Xiao-Yang , Peng Shi-Yu , Yang Zhong-Qin , Wang Yan-Bo , Zhang Yang-Xun , Chen Xi , Wang Jian-Jun , Zhu Jing-Ning 
Published: November 2018

Vestibular compensation is responsible for the spontaneous recovery of postural, locomotor, and oculomotor dysfunctions in patients with peripheral vestibular lesion or posterior circulation stroke. Mechanism investigation of vestibular compensation is of great importance in both facilitating recovery of vestibular function and understanding the postlesion functional plasticity in the adult CNS. Here, we report that postsynaptic histamine H1 receptor contributes greatly to facilitating vestibular compensation. The expression of H1 receptor is restrictedly increased in the ipsilesional rather than contralesional GABAergic projection neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), one of the most important centers for vestibular compensation, in unilateral labyrinthectomized male rats. Furthermore, H1 receptor mediates an asymmetric excitation of the commissural GABAergic but not glutamatergic neurons in the ipsilesional MVN, which may help to rebalance bilateral vestibular systems and promote vestibular compensation. Selective blockage of H1 receptor in the MVN significantly retards the recovery of both static and dynamic vestibular symptoms following unilateral labyrinthectomy, and remarkably attenuates the facilitation of betahistine, whose effect has traditionally been attributed to its antagonistic action on the presynaptic H3 receptor, on vestibular compensation. These results reveal a previously unknown role for histamine H1 receptor in vestibular compensation and amelioration of vestibular motor deficits, as well as an involvement of H1 receptor in potential therapeutic effects of betahistine. The findings provide not only a new insight into the postlesion neuronal circuit plasticity and functional recovery in the CNS, but also a novel potential therapeutic target for vestibular disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVestibular disorders manifest postural imbalance, nystagmus, and vertigo. Vestibular compensation is critical for facilitating recovery from vestibular disorders, and of great importance in understanding the postlesion functional plasticity in the adult CNS. Here, we show that postsynaptic H1 receptor in the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) contributes greatly to the recovery of both static and dynamic symptoms following unilateral vestibular lesion. H1 receptor selectively mediates the asymmetric activation of commissural inhibitory system in the ipsilesional MVN and actively promotes vestibular compensation. The findings provide not only a new insight into the postlesion neuronal circuit plasticity and functional recovery of CNS, but also a novel potential therapeutic target for promoting vestibular compensation and ameliorating vestibular disorders.
Epithelial Shaping by Diverse Apical Extracellular Matrices Requires the Nidogen Domain Protein DEX-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Cohen Jennifer D , Flatt Kristen M , Schroeder Nathan E , Sundaram Meera V 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The body’s external surfaces and the insides of biological tubes, like the vascular system, are lined by a lipid-, glycoprotein-, and glycosaminoglycan-rich apical extracellular matrix (aECM). aECMs are the body’s first line of defense against infectious agents and promote tissue integrity and morphogenesis, but are poorly described relative to basement membranes and stromal ECMs. While some aECM components, such as zona pellucida (ZP) domain proteins, have been identified, little is known regarding the overall composition of the aECM or the mechanisms by which different aECM components work together to shape epithelial tissues. In Caenorhabditis elegans, external epithelia develop in the context of an ill-defined ZP-containing aECM that precedes secretion of the collagenous cuticle. C. elegans has 43 genes that encode at least 65 unique ZP proteins, and we show that some of these comprise distinct precuticle aECMs in the embryo. Previously, the nidogen- and EGF-domain protein DEX-1 was shown to anchor dendrites to the C. elegans nose tip in concert with the ZP protein DYF-7. Here, we identified a new, strong loss-of-function allele of dex-1, cs201. dex-1 mutants die as L1 larvae and have a variety of tissue distortion phenotypes, including excretory defects, pharyngeal ingression, alae defects, and a short and fat body shape, that strongly resemble those of genes encoding ZP proteins. DEX-1 localizes to ZP-containing aECMs in the tissues that show defects in dex-1 mutants. Our studies suggest that DEX-1 is a component of multiple distinct embryonic aECMs that shape developing epithelia, and a potential partner of multiple ZP proteins.
Improving Emergency Department Care for Pediatric Victims of Sexual Abuse
Authors: Hoehn Erin F. , Overmann Kevin M. , Fananapazir Nafeh , Simonton Kirsten , Makoroff Kathi L. , Bennett Berkeley L. , Duma Elena M. , Murtagh Kurowski Eileen 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Evidence-based medical care of sexual abuse victims who present to the pediatric emergency department (PED) is necessary to facilitate forensic evidence collection and prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. Adherence to testing and treatment guidelines remains low in PEDs, despite recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We aimed to increase the proportion of patient encounters at a PED for reported sexual abuse that receive algorithm-adherent care from 57% to 90% within 12 months.

METHODS:
Our team of PED and child abuse pediatricians outlined our theory for improvement, and multiple plan-do-study-act cycles were conducted to test interventions that were aimed at key drivers. Interventions included the construction of a best practice algorithm derived from published guidelines, targeted clinician education, and integration of an electronic order set. Our primary outcome was the proportion of patient encounters in which care adhered to algorithm recommendations. Data were abstracted from the records of all patient encounters evaluated in the PED for reported sexual abuse.

RESULTS:
We analyzed 657 visits between July 2015 and January 2018. The proportion of patient encounters with algorithm-adherent care improved from 57% to 87% during the study period. This improvement has been sustained for 13 months. Failure to test for hepatitis and syphilis constituted the majority of nonadherent care.

CONCLUSIONS:
Using improvement methodology, we successfully increased algorithm-adherent evaluation and management of patients presenting for sexual abuse. Targeted education and an electronic order set were associated with improved adherence to a novel care algorithm.
Toxicity evaluation of two insecticides on Tetragonisca angustula and Scaptotrigona xanthotricha (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Quiroga Murcia Daniel Estiven , Zotti Moisés João , Zenner de polania Ingeborg , Pech-Pech Esdras Elías 
Published: November 2018

Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini) have crucial roles in the ecosystem, offering pollination service and contributing to genetic diversity of species, and also providing honey and wax to humankind. Tetragonisca angustula and Scaptotrigona xanthotricha are species that have been used since ancient times for beekeeping. Currently these and other species have been exposed to agronomic practices, among which the use of synthetic pesticides used for crop protection stands out. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the insecticides thiamethoxam and fipronil, which are used in agriculture in several countries in the tropical and subtropical belt in order to establish the risk that these products represent to the survival of these two species. The oral and topical LD50 was obtained by Probit analysis. Comparisons with the LD50s of other stingless bees and Apis mellifera were realized. Although further studies are required to calculate the real risk of the two compounds, the results showed an evident susceptibility of both species. We concluded that it is essential to use tools and practices that reduce the risk, and perform toxicological evaluations of new and existing pesticides on stingless bees.
Genetic divergence of Heliconiaceae species in the Central West Brazil region
Authors: Da Silva Cintia Graciele , Dalbosco Edneia Zullian , Baptista Da Luz Petterson , Krause Willian , Loges Vivian , Silva Celice Alexandre 
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to describe morphological traits and estimate genetic divergence and parameters between accessions of the genus Heliconia sp. from different municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A set of 25 traits, 15 quantitative and 10 qualitative were evaluated. The genetic divergence was estimated based on Mahalanobis' distance, with the clustering methods known as Unweighted Pair Group Method using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). Genetic variability was observed for all assessed quantitative traits and the accessions were grouped in different classes. The traits with highest relative contribution to variability were longevity of flower stems and inflorescence length. The results indicated the existence of genetic variability among accessions of the Heliconiasp. germplasm bank, which can be used in breeding programs.
Characterization of Comorbidities Limiting the Recruitment of Patients in Early Phase Clinical Trials
Authors: Duma Narjust , Kothadia Sejal M. , Azam Tariq U. , Yadav Siddhartha , Paludo Jonas , Vera Aguilera Jesus , Gonzalez Velez Miguel , Halfdanarson Thorvardur Ragnar , Molina Julian R. , Hubbard Joleen M. , Go Ronald S. , Mansfield Aaron S. , Adjei Alex A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Early phase clinical trials evaluate the safety and efficacy of new treatments. The exclusion/inclusion criteria in these trials are usually rigorous and may exclude many patients seen in clinical practice. Our objective was to study the comorbidities limiting the participation of patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer in clinical trials.

Materials and Methods
We queried ClinicalTrials.gov on December 31, 2016. We reviewed the eligibility criteria of 1,103 trials. Logistic regression analyses were completed, and exclusion was studied as a binary variable.

Results
Out of 1,103 trials, 70 trials (6%) excluded patients &gt;75 years of age, and 45% made no reference to age. Eighty-six percent of trials placed restrictions on patients with history of prior malignancies. Regarding central nervous system (CNS) metastasis, 416 trials (38%) excluded all patients with CNS metastasis, and 373 (34%) only allowed asymptomatic CNS metastasis. Regarding chronic viral infections, 347 trials (31%) excluded all patients with human immunodeficiency virus, and 228 trials (21%) excluded all patients with hepatitis B or C infection. On univariate analysis, chemotherapy trials were more likely to exclude patients with CNS metastasis and history of other malignancies than targeted therapy trials. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that industry-sponsored trials had higher odds of excluding patients with compromised liver function.

Conclusion
Many clinical trials excluded large segments of the population of patients with cancer. Frequent exclusion criteria included patients with CNS metastasis, history of prior malignancies, and chronic viral infections. The criteria for participation in some clinical trials may be overly restrictive and limit enrollment.

Implications for Practice
The results of this study revealed that most early phase clinic trials contain strict exclusion criteria, potentially excluding the patients who may be more likely to represent the population treated in clinical settings, leaving patients susceptible to unintended harm from inappropriate generalization of trial results. Careful liberalization of the inclusion/exclusion criteria in clinical trials will allow investigators to understand the benefits and drawbacks of the experimental drug for a broader population, and possibly improve recruitment of patients with cancer into clinical trials.
Relevance of Reference Centers in Sarcoma Care and Quality Item Evaluation: Results from the Prospective Registry of the Spanish Group for Research in Sarcoma (GEIS)
Authors: Martin-Broto Javier , Hindi Nadia , Cruz Josefina , Martinez-Trufero Javier , Valverde Claudia , De Sande Luis M. , Sala Angeles , Bellido Lorena , De Juan Ana , Rubió-Casadevall Jordi , Diaz-Beveridge Roberto , Cubedo Ricardo , Tendero Oscar , Salinas Diego , Gracia Isidro , Ramos Rafael , Baguè Silvia , Gutierrez Antonio , Duran-Moreno José , Lopez-Pousa Antonio 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Reference centers (RCs) are a key point for improving the survival of patients with soft-tissue sarcomas (STS). The aim of this study was to evaluate selected items in the management of patients with STS, comparing results between RC and local hospitals (LHs).

Materials and Methods
Diagnostic and therapeutic data from patients diagnosed between January 2004 and December 2011 were collected. Correlation with outcome was performed.

Results
A total of 622 sarcomas were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 40 months. Imaging of primary tumor preoperatively (yes vs. no) correlated with a higher probability of free surgical margins (77.4% versus 53.7%; p = .006). The provenance of the biopsy (RC vs. LH) significantly affected relapse-free survival (RFS; 3-year RFS 66% vs. 46%, respectively; p = .019). Likewise, 3-year RFS was significantly worse in cases with infiltrated (55.6%) or unknown (43.4%) microscopic surgical margins compared with free margins (63.6%; p &lt; .001). Patients managed by RCs had a better 3-year overall survival compared with those managed by LHs (82% vs. 70.4%, respectively; p = .003). Perioperative chemotherapy in high-risk STS, more frequently administered in RCs than in LHs, resulted in significantly better 3-year RFS (66% vs. 44%; p = .011). In addition, patients with stage IV disease treated in RCs survived significantly longer compared with those in LHs (30.4 months vs. 18.5 months; p = .036).

Conclusion
Our series indicate that selected quality-of-care items were accomplished better by RCs over LHs, all with significant prognostic value in patients with STS. Early referral to an RC should be mandatory if the aim is to improve the survival of patients with STS.