bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peoples Perspective of CSR in Pakistan
Authors: Haider Mubarak Hussain , Irfan Malik Muhammad , Hashmi Aijaz Mustafa 
Published: February 2019

Corporate social responsibility is now the legitimate concern for the future survival of the organizations. The companies that are aligned with corporate social responsibility in stake holders perspective will be competitively ahead of their competitors. All past researches focus have been on the companies perspective, what they do and how they do? First time this research was from the perspective of the people of Pakistan, what they think and expect from the companies. The data was collected from all provinces of Pakistan, Punjab, Khyber Pakhtun Khawa(KPK), Sind, Baluchistan, federal city (Islamabad), Azad Jamu Kashmir (AJK), including 24 cities of provinces. Total 5000 questionnaire were sent through mail and email to the people of all communities and departments such as Universities, colleges, schools, hospitals, parks, villages, factories, departmental stores, food streets etc. Telephone calls and self administered approach were also used to collect data and total 3275 (66%) questionnaires were received and 167 were rejected due to non conformity to research. The data was analyzed from qualified 3108 (62%) questionnaires. The data of questionnaire on 16 codes of CSR depicts that the people of Pakistan rated education number one, employment number 2, healthcare number 3 and environment protection on number four the main issues. The companies that follow the hierarchy selected by the people of Pakistan, education, employment, healthcare and environment protection will be more successful than the companies which do not follow the hierarchy. The new business entrepreneurs can take the advantage right from the start of the business by investing in education, creating more employment opportunities, investing in health care related issues and protecting the environment from pollution. The research has set a prerequisite for the new entrepreneur while considering CSR priorities in Pakistan.
Strategy as Practice: A study of the practices of strategic action in the SMEs store cluster
Authors: Luiz Marietto Marcio , Sanches Cida 
Published: February 2019

This study through ethnographic procedures and Strategy-as-Practice assumptions, grounded specifically the ActivityBased View theory, show how the individuals (owners, entrepreneurs, managers, salespeople and other social actors) in the small store cluster interact with the internal and external environmen t formulate, influence and execute strategies through and between organizations to ensure the dynamic durability of the small stores and the cluster. The analytic results point to the dynamic adaptation of social actors ability of small stores to share mea nings in the daily achievement of strategizing embedded in the institutional dynamic context of the rituals, ceremonies and symbolism of the institution of marriage.
Critical Factors of CSR in India: An Empirical Evaluation
Authors: Tyagi Rupal , Sharma A.K. , Agrawal Vijay 
Published: February 2019

The past two decades have witnessed a remarkable change in the way businesses run and operate. Profit maximization is no longer remains the focus of businesses. The turn of events has pressurized firms to put serious efforts into a wide range of social responsibility activities and thus shift the corporate goals from socio - economic focus towards increasing shareholder value to the welfare of all stakeholders. The present study determines critical CSR factors that may influence the business and strategic decisions for the Indian corporations using survey instrument. Factor Analysis, one way ANOVA and Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. The study reports that â€˜Financial Health, Competency and Stakeholders are the basic pillars of every organization.
Feasibility Study of Designing and Implementing Performance Budgeting in the Iranian Public Universities and Academic Institutions: The Case of the Sharif University of Thechnology
Authors: Mashayekhi Bita , Mostafa SeyedHosseini Seyed , Attaran Navid 
Published: February 2019

The role of budgeting in governmental universities is vital since it affects youth generation. According to recent article passed by education ministry of Iran fundamental changes in universities management is required. In this study Sharif University of Thechnology has been chosen as a case study, obstacles in are identified and relatively a solution is proposed. The result indicates the necessity of implementing performance budgeting in this university.
Optimization of Silicon solar cell in MATLAB/SIMULINK for improved efficiency
Authors: Panchal Rutvi Rohit , Jolly Lochan 
Published: February 2019

Solar energy is an important part of life and has been in use since the beginning of time. Increasingly, man is learning how to yoke this important resource and use it to replace traditional energy sources. Solar cells are the development to store the solar energy and reproduce electricity. But the amount of energy converted is very less, that is the efficiency of conversion is poor. The main challenge is to improve the efficiency so that the losses can be minimized. The Maximum Power Points are found and the Fill Factor is calculated. Â The comparative study of silicon solar cell and panels with different sizes is done in this paper using MATLAB and SIMULINK model. The simulated results are compared with practically tested solar cell at Standard Test Conditions (STC).
On Demand Multicasting Routing Protocol compared with AODV and FSR in Mobile Ad hoc Network
Authors: Bondre Kavita Kundlik , Jadhav Prof. Ajitsinh.N. 
Published: February 2019

Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of wireless nodes that dynamically organize themselves to form a network without the need for any fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. The network topology dynamically changes frequently in an unpredictable manner since nodes are free to move. Support for multicasting is essential in such environment as it is considered to be an efficient way to deliver information from source nodes to many client nodes. On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol is a protocol for routing multicast and unicast traffic throughout adhoc wireless mesh networks. ODMRP creates routes on demand so they suffer from a route acquisition delay,although it helps reduce network traffic in general. In future thisÂ results will be compared with AODV and FSR protocol and ODMRP performs better as compared with AODV and FSR protocol.
Performance Optimization and Comparison of CNT Interconnect with Copper at VDSM Technology
Authors: Abdul Kadir Kureshi , Hasan Mohd 
Published: February 2019

As the CMOS process technology continues to scale, standard copper (Cu) interconnect will become a major hurdle for the best performance at very deep submicron (VDSM) technology node. The carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles have potential to provide an attractive solution for the higher resistivity and electromigration problems faced by traditional copper interconnects in VDSM technology node. This paper presents important guidelines to minimize the resistance, capacitance and inductance of a mixed CNT bundle interconnect for achieving best performance. The performance of mixed CNT bundle and copper is then compared at local and global interconnects level at 22nm technology node. HSPICE simulations carried out using Berkeley predictive technology model (BPTM) at an operating frequency of 1GHz, shows that for interconnect length of 1000um, the mixed CNT and optimized CNT (CNT_Opt) bundles are 1.98X and 2.20X faster, 74% and 84% more energy efficient respectively than the Copper interconnects.
A study on pre-retting and post-retting water of waterbodies from a selected area of Bangladesh
Authors: Akhter Md. Shamim 
Published: February 2019

The study was conducted to analyze the pre and post-retting water of five randomly selected ponds regarding the parameters viz. BOD5, COD, TSS, TDS, TKN, TP, CI, PH, Ec PH, and EC. BOD5 (ranging from 110 to 215 mg/l and 170 to 237 mg/l, respectively)and COD (227 mg/l to 310 and 299 to 403 mg/l, respectively)values of both pre and post-retting water of all the ponds were much higher than recommended values. Values of TSS, TKN, TP tests of both pre and post-retting water of the ponds reflected higher values than recommended values. Whereas, TDS(213 to 501 mg/l and 210 to 595 mg/l, respectively) and Cl (51 to 300mg/l and 50 to 305 mg/l, respectively) values were less than recommended values. PH values were within the recommended range of PH 6 to PH 9. All these results indicates that jute-retting is may not be the one and only factor to deteriorate the water quality of ponds. Jute-retting causes transitory water pollution in the water bodies only which can be minimized or removed by different ways. To find out specific way(s) to minimize or eradicate this transitory pollution further research is required.
Chlorophylla Fluorescence Imaging Technique for Fresh Quality Assessment of Tomato and Pepper FruitsStoredUnder Different Conditions
Authors: Yoo Sung Yung , Win SoeMoe , Park Jong Yong , Lee Min Ju , Nam Yun Jung , WanKim Tae 
Published: February 2019

The objective of this study was to find a rapid determination of the freshness of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)fruits using portable chlorophyll fluorescence imaging instrument. To assess the fresh quality of tomato and pepper fruits, an imaging anlaysis of the photochemical responses of pericarp or exocarp of tomato and pepper fruits was performed with fruits preserved under the different storage conditions. The observed chlorophyll imaging photos were numerically transformed to the photochemical parameters on the basis of chlorophyll fluorescence.The storage conditions for fruits were regulated as follows; room temperature (control), heat (42°C), wet (25°C and 80% relative humidity), and chilling (4°C) conditions.
Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) method showed that the decrease in Fv/Fmratios of pepper fruits was lower at room temperatureand under wet condition than the other conditions. Although Fv/Fmratios and Î¦PSII values in tomato fruits showed low fluorescence responses, the changing patterns have permitted to determine th freshness. In heat condition, the photochemical parameters calculated from the images of Fv/Fm ratios, Î¦PSII and non-photoquenching (NPQ) were also available to determine the freshness of fruits. In our study, it was clearly indicated that the chillingcondition was the suitable condition for thelong storage of tomato and pepper fruits. The CFI analysis is applicable as a rapid screening method for the determination of freshness of tomato and pepper fruits.
Influence of different grape rootstocks on rooting behavior, photosynthetic activities and biochemical constituents in different parts
Authors: Somkuwar Ramhari , BHANGE MAHADEV A , TAWARE P B 
Published: February 2019

Different rootstocks were characterized for their various morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. Significant differences were observed for most of the parameter studied. Rootstocks such as 110-R, 99-R, Dogridge and 1103-P had significant higher contents of carbohydrates, starch, phenols, proteins and reducing sugar. Rootstocks Dogridge, 110-R and Salt Creek also recorded highest rate of photosynthesis and transpiration rate at singe leaf level, which is an important mechanism in overcoming drought tolerance. Phenolic content in the rootstocks such as Dogridge, 110-Rand V. longii, may help in reducing the incidence of major grape diseases in profitable table varieties, if grafted onto these rootstocks.Â Thus, the physio-biochemical characterization of rootstock may help to identify particular rootstocks that could influence a desired trait in commercial table or wine grape varieties after grafting.In the present investigation, the rootstocks such as 110-R, 99-R 1103-P and Dogridge recorded the highest value for total carbohydrates, phenols, proteins, reducing sugar and gas exchange parameters which may help these rootstocks in overcoming the incidence of important disease and drought toleranceÂ and lead to a better rooting percentage.
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and poultry manure on growth and nutrients contents of maize in different soil type
Authors: Abdullahi Rakiya , S Lihan , R Edward , L S Demie 
Published: February 2019

Public concerned about food safety and quality have raised interest in manipulating soil nutrients management strategies that could reduce potential threat on environment and sustain food production. Recently, the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)as bio-fertilizer has gained recognition especially, in low-input agriculture. The fungi are known to improve plant nutrition and growth. However, this effect may differ according to soil properties and nutrients concentration. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of AMF and poultry manure (PM) on growth and nutrients contents in maize compared to chemical fertilizer; and to determine the effect of soil properties on colonization potential of AMF. The experiment consists of 13 treatments combinations in 2 soil types (loam and peat), viz; 6 application rates of composted PM in tones (t) ha-1 (0, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12) and 2 levels of AMF; inoculated (+AMF) and un-inoculated (-AMF) plus recommended dose of NPK (RD NPK). Un-inoculated plants showed no symptoms of root colonization and recorded no AMF spore under both soils. Addition of PM stimulated AMF colonization and sporulation, the highest root colonization (RC %) and spore counts were recorded at 8 t PM+AMF under loam and 12 t PM+AMF in peat soils. Shoot dry biomass at 8 and 12 t PM+AMF under loam and peat were comparable to RD NPK. Applying 8 and 12 t PM+AMF in loam and peat recorded the highest N& K comparable to RD NPK. However, P content in shoot were statistically higher at 8,10 & 12 t PM+AMF in loam and at 12 t PM+AMF in peat compared to RD NPK. Application of 10 & 12 t PM+AMF in loam significantly decreased plant growth, lowered AMF RC%, and nutrient content (N & K). There was a strong positive correlation between shoot dry biomass and RC % in loam (R2= 0.740 P<0.01) and peat (R2=0.884 P<0.01). From the results of this study, it could be concluded that AMF have increased the efficiency use of PM and their integration have the potential to improve plant growth due to enhanced nutrientsÂ uptake and stimulated RC% in both soils. Results also indicated significantly higher shoot dry biomass, nutrients content (N, P, & K), spore counts and RC % in loam soil compared to peat, indicating that soil properties has a significant influence on effectiveness AMF.Â
Light Quantum Induces The Measurement Paradox
Authors: Puccini Antonio 
Published: February 2019

We learn from Quantum Mechanics that the observation of the microscopic world, the measurement (M) of a quantum object, i.e. a particle, inexorably modifies the physical system we wish to examine.
What happens is that with the M it takes place a reduction of the state vectors, that is the ‘wave function collapse’ of the measured particle.
Why does it happen? No one knows.
The enigma of the so-called Measurement Paradox, in our opinion, could be solved if we considered that the light quantum(LQ), as suggested by the Principle of Equivalence Mass-Energy, carries out a dynamic-mass equivalent to its energy. The LQ is indispensable to carry out a M.
No M can be carried out without using the quantum of light.
Calculus show that a photon of the optic band hits an electron with a momentum bigger than the mass of the electron itself.
This may explain why the M induces the implosion of the quantum object observed, together with the collapse of its wave function, giving rise to the Measurement Paradox.
Combined Cycle Consisting of Closed Processes Based Cycle Powered by A Reversible Heat Pump that Exceed Carnot Factor
Authors: Ferreiro Garcia Ramon , Carbia carril Jose 
Published: February 2019

This article deals with the task of analysing a feasible reversible combined cycle composed of a heat pump as the primary cycle and a non-condensing mode thermal engine characterized by operating under a closed processes based cycle that work by adding and releasing heat, as the secondary cycle. Two case studies are analysed and compared. According to the results, the case study based on the combination of a heat pump cycle with an organic Rankine cycle, is the paradigm of a reversible 100% efficient combined cycle. The case study based on a heat pump cycle and a reversible heating-cooling based cycle is the paradigm of a super-efficient combined cycle that yields a 1.486 power ratio (PR) or 148.6% efficiency. Further, the case based on a heat pump cycle with a regenerative irreversible heating-cooling based cycle, is the paradigm of energy conversion and energy generation that yields a 1.29 PR or 129% efficiency assuming limited irreversibilities.
This article deals with the task of analysing a feasible reversible combined cycle composed of a heat pump as the primary cycle and a non-condensing mode thermal engine characterized by operating under a closed processes based cycle that work by adding and releasing heat, as the secondary cycle. Two case studies are analysed and compared. According to the results, the case study based on the combination of a heat pump cycle with an organic Rankine cycle, is the paradigm of a reversible 100% efficient combined cycle. The case study based on a heat pump cycle and a reversible heating-cooling based cycle is the paradigm of a super-efficient combined cycle that yields a 1.486 power ratio (PR) or 148.6% efficiency. Further, the case based on a heat pump cycle with a regenerative irreversible heating-cooling based cycle, is the paradigm of energy conversion and energy generation that yields a 1.29 PR or 129% efficiency assuming limited irreversibilities.
Investigation of Structural and Magnetic Properties of Multiferroic La1-Xyxfeo3perovskites, Prepared by Citrate Auto-Combustion Technique
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed Hassan , Abbas Yehia Mohammed , Mohammed Shehab Esmail , Mansour Ahmed Bakry 
Published: February 2019

In this work, we studied the structural and magnetic properties of multiferroic La1-xYxFeO3 perovskites, (x= 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.3) which synthesized through Sol-gel auto-combustion technique using a citric acid as a fuel. The room temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the all the synthesized samples consisted of the polycrystalline orthorhombic structure perovskites(space group pnma), and tolerance factor confirmed the phase stability of the prepared perovskite system.The Williamson-Hall plot based on synchrotron XRD data were employed to estimate the average particle diameter and varies from 18 nmto 27.8 nm.For a deeper insight of the crystal structure, high resolution transmission microscopy imaging (HRTEM) was performed. The estimated values of crystallite size from HRTEM and synchrotron XRD data were coincident. Many of crystallographic parameters and electron density measurements were calculated by Rietveld refinement of synchrotron XRD data. La1-xYxFeO3 perovskite crystalsarecanted antiferromagnets with a weak ferromagnetism in room temperature.The magnetic properties were gotten through analyzing the magnetization versus temperature M(T) and M(H) hysteresis loop which characterized by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The molecular structure showed the decrease of the tilting of the octahedra <FeO6> with increasing Y content trying to strengthen the ferromagnetic character. Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) patterns of the investigated samples exhibited spotty ring patterns,confirming the polycrystalline character.The orthoferrite La1-xYxFeO3 crystalsare a promising candidate for optical device applications in broad temperature range and high power system.
Effect of Sulphur on Plant Growth & Defense System Against Salinity Stress
Authors: Ibrahim Saima , Naz Faiza 
Published: February 2019

The given investigation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of black gram (vigna mungo L.) under different salinity levels (i.e. 50mM, 100mM and 150mM NaCl) and to find out the remedial effect of two doses of S (i.e. 2mM and 4mM) against salinity stress on growth of studied crop by providing tolerance against salinity stress. The experiment was carried out in Botany department, Jinnah University for women, Nazimabad, Karachi, in controlled laboratory condition by using plate culture technique followed as completely randomized design with three replication of each treatment. The observation of given research showed that the percentages of shoot and root length and Fresh and dry seedling weights were higher in control treatment. The low (50mM NaCl) level of salinity treatment had no deleterious effects on plant vegetative growth, while at higher concentration of NaCl (100mM), all the growth parameters were drastically reduced. Both application rates of MgSO4 were found satisfactory to eliminate the negative effect of saline environment inside rhizosphere by promoting plant tolerance against stress thus support treated plants growth and development.
Microbial Analysis of Greywater from Local Bathrooms and Its Health Implications in Bali Local Government Area Taraba State Nigeria
Authors: Ukwubile Cletus Anes 
Published: February 2019

Due to reckless ways of disposing water from the baths in Nigerians Northern towns in Bali LGA Taraba State, which was caused by poor bathrooms occasioned by poverty, many lives had been lost from deaths caused by pathogenic microbes in these recklessly exposed used waters (greywater).
Objective: This research was conducted in order to determine microbial contaminants of greywaters from local bathrooms in Bali LGA of Taraba State, Nigeria, and their potential threat to the lives of people in this LGA. Methods: Greywaters from bathrooms in ten (10) communities in Bali LGA were collected and analyzed for microbial contaminants. The communities are Bali, Garba-Chede, Pamgri, Garbabi, Maihula, Suntai, Jamtari, Mayokam, Daka, and Kungana, twenty areas were sampled in each of these communities. Simple Stain was done using 5 ml methylene blue solution by adding into the specimen bottles to know if there bacteria in the samples. Acid-fast Stain was done using 5 ml Ziehl Nielsen stain each added to the labeled bottles to identify Mycobacterium sp. in the greywater samples. Stains for Cellular Features cellular features such as presence of capsule, spores and flagella were screened using India ink stain which creates a clear zone around the bacteria cell in gram negative strains, and Malachite stain which stains spores green and bacteria cell red. Differential Staining (Gram Staining Procedures) was done in which the bacteria were first stained with crystal violet and then treated with mordant in order to fix the stain inside the cell. Identification of microbial organisms down to species level was done using molecular biology technique by cleavage of microbial DNA Sequence using restriction enzymes (RE).
Results: Results showed that most of the greywaters from these local bathrooms were mainly gram negative bacteria. The most disseminated species are Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriea, according to various restriction enzymes specific to each bacterium. The RE obtained at Collaborative Research Inc. 1365, Main Street, Massachusetts, USA; do show any abnormal cleavage pattern of the DNA sequence during electrophoresis and RE DNA digestion. Most species of the microbes were highly present in greywater from local bathrooms in Maihula, Mayokam and Garbabi. It was however not high in Bali and Suntai. Highest percentage of contamination was seen in Garbabi, Garba-Chede, Jamtari and Daka; with Campylobacter jejuni the dominant bacterium species present.
Conclusion: The results showed that in areas sampled, the greywaters from local bathrooms contained mainly gram negative pathogenic bacteria with potential threat to lives, and Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio cholera, Salmonella typhi, and E. coli were the dominant organisms.