bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monetary Policy, Trend Inflation, and Unemployment Volatility
Authors: ALVES SERGIO A. LAGO 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe literature has long agreed that the DMP model (after Diamond 1982, Mortensen 1982, Pissarides 1985) with search and matching frictions in the labor market can deliver large volatilities in labor market quantities, consistent with empirical data, only if there is at least some wage stickiness. I show, however, that the model can deliver nontrivial volatilities without wage stickiness, as long as it has price dispersion and nonzero long‐run inflation rates. I find that by keeping inflation at a positive rate, monetary policy may be accountable for the large standard deviations observed on labor market variables. In addition, the Shimer (2005) puzzle disappears under monetary policy shocks.
Nerves and blood vessels in degenerated intervertebral discs are confined to physically disrupted tissue
Authors: Lama Polly , Le Maitre Christine L. , Harding Ian J. , Dolan Patricia , Adams Michael A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNerves and blood vessels are found in the peripheral annulus and endplates of healthy adult intervertebral discs. Degenerative changes can allow these vessels to grow inwards and become associated with discogenic pain, but it is not yet clear how far, and why, they grow in. Previously we have shown that physical disruption of the disc matrix, which is a defining feature of disc degeneration, creates free surfaces which lose proteoglycans and water, and so become physically and chemically conducive to cell migration. We now hypothesise that blood vessels and nerves in degenerated discs are confined to such disrupted tissue. Whole lumbar discs were obtained from 40 patients (aged 37–75 years) undergoing surgery for disc herniation, disc degeneration with spondylolisthesis or adolescent scoliosis (‘non‐degenerated’ controls). Thin (5‐μm) sections were stained with H&E and toluidine blue for semi‐quantitative assessment of blood vessels, fissures and proteoglycan loss. Ten thick (30‐μm) frozen sections from each disc were immunostained for CD31 (an endothelial cell marker), PGP 9.5 and Substance P (general and nociceptive nerve markers, respectively) and examined by confocal microscopy. Volocity image analysis software was used to calculate the cross‐sectional area of each labelled structure, and its distance from the nearest free surface (disc periphery or internal fissure). Results showed that nerves and blood vessels were confined to proteoglycan‐depleted regions of disrupted annulus. The maximum distance of any blood vessel or nerve from the nearest free surface was 888 and 247 μm, respectively. Blood vessels were greater in number, grew deeper, and occupied more area than nerves. The density of labelled blood vessels and nerves increased significantly with Pfirrmann grade of disc degeneration and with local proteoglycan loss. Analysing multiple thick sections with fluorescent markers on a confocal microscope allows reliable detection of thin filamentous structures, even within a dense matrix. We conclude that, in degenerated and herniated discs, blood vessels and nerves are confined to proteoglycan‐depleted regions of disrupted tissue, especially within annulus fissures.
Platelet‐rich plasma on female androgenetic alopecia: Tested on 10 patients
Authors: Starace Michela , Alessandrini Aurora , D'Acunto Carmine , Melandri Davide , Bruni Francesca , Patrizi Annalisa , Piraccini Bianca Maria 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundRecently, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) injection has been proposed as a potential adjuvant therapy to treat androgenetic alopecia.AimsInvestigate the efficacy, tolerability, and clinical improvement of PRP for the treatment of female AGA.Patients/MethodsA total of 10 female patients affected by AGA and not responding to treatment with minoxidil and/or oral antiandrogens were enrolled. The clinical improvement was evaluated by pull test, global photographs, and Trichoscan at weeks 9, 12, and 24, and hair measurements were performed at baseline and 12 and 24 weeks after the first session.ResultsAfter 24 weeks, the median relative percentage change (%RC) for all the parameters of hair density was mostly positive. After 12 weeks, the medium hair diameter in frontal area showed a significant increase (%RD = 12.5, with P‐value < .05), and after 24 weeks (%RD = 14.6, P‐value < .05), the vellus relative change instead showed a decrease, especially in the front and the central area, while for the vertex, the decrease was mainly visible at the end (−6.6%). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionPlatelet‐rich plasma injections have a positive therapeutic effect on hair density and hair diameter improvement.
Evidence‐based treatment for gynoid lipodystrophy: A review of the recent literature
Authors: Pérez Atamoros Francisco M. , Alcalá Pérez Daniel , Asz Sigall Daniel , Ávila Romay Alfonsina A. , Barba Gastelum José A. , de la Peña Salcedo José A. , Escalante Salgado Pablo E. , Gallardo Palacios Guillermo J. , Guerrero‐Gonzalez Guillermo A. , Morales De la Cerda Rodrigo , Ponce Olivera Rosa María , Rossano Soriano Fabiola , Solís Tinoco Eduardo , Welsh Hernández Esperanza C. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryGynoid lipodystrophy (GLD) is a structural, inflammatory, and biochemical disorder of the subcutaneous tissue causing alterations in the topography of the skin. Commonly known as “cellulite,”GLDaffects up to 90% of women, practically in all stages of the life cycle, beginning in puberty. It is a clinical condition that considerably affects the patients’ quality of life. It is a frequent reason for consultation, although the patients resort to empirical, improvised, nonevidence‐based treatments which discourage and can be a source of frustration not only because of the lack of results but also due to the complications derived from those treatments. In this article, a panel of experts from different specialties involved in the management of this clinical skin disorder presents the results of a systematic literature search and of the consensus discussion of the evidence obtained from different treatments currently available. The analysis was divided into topical, systemic, noninvasive, and minimally invasive treatments.
Clinical outcomes of atherectomy prior to percutaneous coronary intervention: A comparison of outcomes following rotational versus orbital atherectomy (COAP‐PCI study)
Authors: Meraj Perwaiz M. , Shlofmitz Evan , Kaplan Barry , Jauhar Rajiv , Doshi Rajkumar 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundBecause of the challenges in treating calcified coronary artery disease (CAD), lesion preparation has become increasingly important prior to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite growing data for both rotational atherectomy (RA) and orbital atherectomy (OA), there have been no multicenter studies comparing the safety and efficacy of both. We sought to examine the clinical outcomes of patients with calcified CAD who underwent atherectomy.MethodsA total of 39 870 patients from five tertiary care hospitals who had PCI from January 2011 to January 2017 were identified. 907 patients who had RA or OA were included. This multicenter, prospectively collected observational analysis compared OA and RA. The primary end‐point was myocardial infarction and safety outcomes including significant dissection, perforation, cardiac tamponade, and vascular complications. Propensity score matching (1:1) was performed to reduce selection bias.ResultsAfter matching, 546 patients were included in the final analysis. The primary endpoint, myocardial infarction occurred less frequently with OA compared to RA (6.7% vs 13.8%, P ≤ 0.01) in propensity score matched cohorts. Procedural safety outcomes were comparable between the groups. The secondary outcome of death on discharge occurred less in the OA group as compared with RA (0% vs 2.2%, P = 0.01). Fluoroscopy time was less in patients who were treated with OA (21.9 vs 25.6 min, P ≤ 0.01). Additional secondary outcomes were comparable between groups.ConclusionIn this non‐randomized, multicenter comparison of contemporary atherectomy devices, OA was associated with significantly decreased in‐hospital myocardial infarction and mortality after propensity score matching with decreased fluoroscopy time.
Anti-arthritic properties of crude extract from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. leaves
Authors: Pereira Wanderson S , da Silva Girlaine P , Vigliano Mariana V , Leal Nathalia R F , Pinto Fabiana A , Fernandes Daniele C , Santos Shirley V M , Martino Thiago , Nascimento Johnny R , de Azevedo Ana Paula S , Fonseca Eduardo N , Velozo Leosvaldo S M , Souza Neto Lauro R , Bastos Frederico F , Portari Elyzabeth A , Sabino Kátia C Carvalho , Nascimento Flávia , Coelho Marsen G P 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic crude extract (HCE) from Chenopodium ambrosioides leaves on the development of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and on pro-inflammatory cytokine balance.

Methods
Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in DBA1/J mice. On the 21st day, the mice were treated orally with HCE or methotrexate, daily. Six weeks after beginning the treatment, the following measures were determined: lymphoid organs cell numbers, percentage of blood cells, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 serum concentrations, activity of hepatic and kidney glutathione S-transferase, hepatic 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, bone density and histopathology.

Key findings
Treatment of CIA mice with HCE 5 mg/kg (HCE5) reduced the percentage of neutrophils and macrophages and the number of bone marrow cells and increased the lymphocyte numbers and the inguinal lymph node cellularity. This treatment inhibited the serum concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α, which may be related to the preservation of bone density and to the slight thickening of periarticular tissues, with minimal fibrosis and fibroblast proliferation in the joints. The CIA group presented advanced articular erosion and synovial hyperplasia. Phytochemical analysis showed mainly flavonols.

Conclusions
HCE5 presented anti-arthritic potential and reduced IL-6 and TNF-α, which participate directly in the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis.
Dietary concentrate level affects the feed sorting behaviour of lambs
Authors: Sari M. , Monjezi Y. , Anoosheh S. F. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of forage concentration on sorting, nutrient intake and feeding behaviour of growing lambs. Twelve weaned lambs were exposed, in a crossover design with 7‐day periods, to each of two treatment diets: (i) lower‐concentrate diet (LC; 40.0% concentrate) and (ii) a higher‐concentrate diet (HC; 60.0% concentrate). Alfalfa hay was used as forage source. Sorting was determined by subjecting fresh feed and ort samples to particle separation and expressing the actual intake of each particle fraction as a percentage of the predicted intake of that fraction. Lambs sorted against long particles (>19 mm) on both treatments. On the LC diet, lambs sorted for medium particles, whereas animals fed the HC diet did not sort for or against medium particles. Lambs sorted for fine particles (<1.18 mm) on both treatments (p < .05). The extent of sorting for the fine particles was greater on the LC diet compared with the HC diet (p < .05). Dry matter intake was increased by increasing the concentrate content of the diet. Intake per visit and eating rate increased, and total chewing time was decreased in lambs fed HC diet. In conclusion, lambs sorted most against the longest particles and for the fine particles. Furthermore, feed sorting behaviour is affected by the forage level, and lambs sorted more for the fine particles in the LC diet.
Downregulating aspen xylan biosynthetic GT43 genes in developing wood stimulates growth via reprograming of the transcriptome
Authors: Ratke Christine , Terebieniec Barbara K. , Winestrand Sandra , Derba‐Maceluch Marta , Grahn Thomas , Schiffthaler Bastian , Ulvcrona Thomas , Özparpucu Merve , Rüggeberg Markus , Lundqvist Sven‐Olof , Street Nathaniel R. , Jönsson Leif J. , Mellerowicz Ewa J. 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Xylan is one of the main compounds determining wood properties in hardwood species. The xylan backbone is thought to be synthesized by a synthase complex comprising two members of the GT43 family. We downregulated all GT43 genes in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) to understand their involvement in xylan biosynthesis.

All three clades of the GT43 family were targeted for downregulation using RNA interference individually or in different combinations, either constitutively or specifically in developing wood.

Simultaneous downregulation in developing wood of the B (IRX9) and C (IRX14) clades resulted in reduced xylan Xyl content relative to reducing end sequence, supporting their role in xylan backbone biosynthesis. This was accompanied by a higher lignocellulose saccharification efficiency. Unexpectedly, GT43 suppression in developing wood led to an overall growth stimulation, xylem cell wall thinning and a shift in cellulose orientation. Transcriptome profiling of these transgenic lines indicated that cell cycling was stimulated and secondary wall biosynthesis was repressed. We suggest that the reduced xylan elongation is sensed by the cell wall integrity surveying mechanism in developing wood.

Our results show that wood‐specific suppression of xylan‐biosynthetic GT43 genes activates signaling responses, leading to increased growth and improved lignocellulose saccharification.
Cis‐directed cleavage and nonstoichiometric abundances of 21‐nucleotide reproductive phased small interfering RNAs in grasses
Authors: Tamim Saleh , Cai Zhaoxia , Mathioni Sandra M. , Zhai Jixian , Teng Chong , Zhang Qifa , Meyers Blake C. 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Post‐transcriptional gene silencing in plants results from independent activities of diverse small RNA types. In anthers of grasses, hundreds of loci yield noncoding RNAs that are processed into 21‐ and 24‐nucleotide (nt) phased small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs); these are triggered by miR2118 and miR2275.

We characterized these ‘reproductive phasiRNAs’ from rice (Oryza sativa) panicles and anthers across seven developmental stages. Our computational analysis identified characteristics of the 21‐nt reproductive phasiRNAs that impact their biogenesis, stability, and potential functions.

We demonstrate that 21‐nt reproductive phasiRNAs can function in cis to target their own precursors. We observed evidence of this cis regulatory activity in both rice and maize (Zea mays). We validated this activity with evidence of cleavage and a resulting shift in the pattern of phasiRNA production.

We characterize biases in phasiRNA biogenesis, demonstrating that the Pol II‐derived ‘top’ strand phasiRNAs are consistently higher in abundance than the bottom strand. The first phasiRNA from each precursor overlaps the miR2118 target site, and this impacts phasiRNA accumulation or stability, evident in the weak accumulation of this phasiRNA position. Additional influences on this first phasiRNA duplex include the sequence composition and length, and we show that these factors impact Argonaute loading.
Micro‐ and macroevolutionary adaptation through repeated loss of a complete metabolic pathway
Authors: Olsen Kenneth M. , Small Linda L. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThere is growing evidence for the convergent evolution of physically linked gene clusters encoding chemical defense pathways. Metabolic clusters are proposed to evolve because they ensure co‐inheritance of all required genes where the defense is favored, and prevent inheritance of toxic partial pathways where it is not. This hypothesis rests on the assumption that clusters evolve in species where selection favors intraspecific polymorphism for the defense; however, they have not been examined in polymorphic species.We examined metabolic cluster evolution in relation to an adaptive polymorphism for cyanogenic glucoside (CNglc) production in clover. Using 163 accessions, we performedCNglc assays,BACsequencing, Southern hybridizations and molecular evolutionary analyses.We find that theCNglc pathway forms a 138‐kb cluster in white clover, and that the adaptive polymorphism occurs through presence/absence of the complete cluster. Component genes are orthologous to those in the distantly related legumeLotus japonicus.These findings provide empirical support for the co‐inheritance hypothesis, and they indicate that adaptiveCNglc variation in white clover evolves through recurrent deletions of the entire pathway. They further indicate that the shared ancestor of many important legume crops was likely cyanogenic and that this defense was lost repeatedly over the last 50 Myr.
Increased pliosaurid dental disparity across the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition
Authors: Zverkov Nikolay G. , Fischer Valentin , Madzia Daniel , Benson Roger B.J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPliosaurid marine reptiles played important roles in marine food chains from the Middle Jurassic to the middle Cretaceous, frequently as apex predators. The evolution of pliosaurids during the later parts of the Early Cretaceous has recently been illuminated by discoveries from Russia (Hauterivian) and Colombia (Barremian). However, knowledge of pliosaurids representing the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition (late Tithonian – Valanginian), is still largely incomplete, especially during the earliest Cretaceous. As such, the effect on pliosaurids of hypothesized faunal turnover during the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary interval is poorly understood. We report pliosaurid teeth from the upper Volgian (Tithonian, Upper Jurassic) of the Kheta river basin (Eastern Siberia, Russia), to the Berriasian and Valanginian (Lower Cretaceous) of the Volga region (European Russia). These assemblages have yielded a series of distinct tooth morphotypes, including the first reports of conical‐toothed pliosaurids from the latest Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous. This challenges the hypothesis that only one lineage of pliosaurids crossed the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary. It appears that conical‐toothed pliosaurids co‐existed with their trihedral‐toothed relatives for at least 25 million years during the latest Jurassic and earliest Cretaceous. In fact, our quantitative analyses indicate that pliosaurids reached their maximal dental disparity during this interval, showing little evidence of turnover associated with the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition. Instead, disparity decreased later in the Early Cretaceous, with the disappearance of trihedral‐toothed forms in the Barremian.
Clinical Manifestation of Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Low Back Pain in Different Age Groups: Low Back Pain in 35,446 Patients
Authors: Hüllemann Philipp , Keller Thomas , Kabelitz Maria , Gierthmühlen Janne , Freynhagen Rainer , Tölle Thomas , Forstenpointner Julia , Baron Ralf 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is a major healthcare problem causing tremendous economic costs.MethodsClinical manifestation of LBP was characterized in 35,446 patients. We focused on the comparison of the acute, subacute, and chronic LBP stage with regard to patients’ ages, based on epidemiologic and clinical questionnaires (eg, painDETECT Questionnaire, Pain Disability Index), pain intensity, pain descriptors, and functional impairment.ResultsWe found that neuropathic components were most frequent in chronic LBP patients at the ages of 51 to 60 years. Elderly LBP patients showed a decrease in neuropathic and an increase in nociceptive pain. The most frequently reported pain descriptors were “pressure pain” and “pain attacks” through all stages of LBP, whereas “burning” and “prickling” were most frequent in the chronic stage. Patients after back surgery presented neuropathic pain symptoms most frequently and had the highest amount of pain medication intake.ConclusionsBurning and prickling were revealed as possible indicators for LBP chronicity. Combined with pain attacks and pressure pain, these 4 pain descriptors might be a promising adjunct to pain intensity in terms of outcome parameters for future LBP studies. The decrease of neuropathic pain syndromes in the elderly might be explained by degenerative processes. The presented work provides important insights on LBP management in the acute, subacute, and chronic stages.
Mapping of quantitative trait loci for resistance to race 1 of Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis in synthetic hexaploid wheat
Authors: Kalia Bhanu , Bockus William W. , Singh Sukhwinder , Tiwari Vijay K. , Gill Bikram S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTan spot, caused by a necrotrophic fungus Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Ptr), has become an important foliar disease of wheat worldwide. Effective control of tan spot can be achieved by deployment of resistant wheat cultivars. An F2:3 population derived from a cross between synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW), TA4161‐L1 (moderately resistant) and susceptible winter wheat cultivar, ‘TAM105’ was evaluated with race 1 of Ptr under controlled conditions. The population was genotyped using Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT). Presence of transgressive segregants indicated contribution of positive alleles from both parents. Two major QTLs were located on the short arm of chromosomes 1A and 6A and designated as QTs.ksu‐1A and QTs.ksu‐6A, respectively. Two additional QTLs were identified on chromosome 7A. Resistant alleles of all the QTLs were contributed by TA4161‐L1. Novel QTLs on 6A and 7A can be a valuable addition to known resistance genes and utilized in breeding programmes to produce highly resistant cultivars.
A Non-Linear Model for Censored and Mismeasured Time Varying Covariates in Survival Models, with Applications in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Studies
Authors: Zhang Hongbin , Wu Lang 
Published: April 2018

SummaryIn survival regression analysis, when the time-dependent covariates are censored and measured with errors, a joint model is often considered for the longitudinal covariate data and the survival data. Typically, an empirical linear (mixed) model is assumed for the time-dependent covariates. However, such an empirical linear covariate model may be inappropriate for the (unobserved) censored covariate values that may behave quite differently from the observed covariate process. In applications such as human immunodeficiency virus–acquired immune deficiency syndrome studies, a mechanistic non-linear model can be derived for the covariate process on the basis of the underlying data generation mechanisms and such a non-linear covariate model may provide better ‘predictions’ for the censored and mismeasured covariate values. We propose a joint Cox and non-linear mixed effect model to model survival data with censored and mismeasured time varying covariates. We use likelihood methods for inference, implemented by the Monte Carlo EM algorithm. The models and methods are evaluated by simulations. An acquired immune deficiency syndrome data set is analysed in detail, where the time-dependent covariate is a viral load which may be censored because of a lower detection limit and may also be measured with errors. The results based on linear and non-linear covariate models are compared and new insights are gained.