bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of performance of water‐based nanofluid flowing through tube bent at 90°
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Sokhal Gurpreet Singh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to analyze the performance of CuO nanofluids with water as the base fluid in the flat tube bent at 90°. The analytical analysis has been performed under different Reynolds number as well as nanoparticle volume concentrations. Various thermophysical properties, that is, density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and specific heat capacity have been estimated with well‐developed models of each, presented during previous studies carried out in the field of nanofluids. The simulation work has been performed with the help of the finite volume method. It was concluded from this study that heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of nanofluids at different volume concentrations between 0.1% to 0.5% v/v CuO is higher than that of the base fluids. The pressure drop obtained upon the use of nanofluids is found to be higher than the base fluid. The study also proves that nanofluids have a huge potential in playing an important role in decreasing sizes of heat transfer systems.
Discharge estimation of submarine springs in the Dead Sea based on velocity or density measurements in proximity to the water surface
Authors: Munwes Yaniv Y. , Geyer Stefan , Katoshevski David , Ionescu Danny , Licha Tobias , Lott Christian , Laronne Jonathan B. , Siebert Christian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Dead Sea is a closed lake, the water level of which is lowering at an alarming rate of about 1 m/year. Factors difficult to determine in its water balance are evaporation and groundwater inflow, some of which emanate as submarine groundwater discharge. A vertical buoyant jet generated by the difference in densities between the groundwater and the Dead Sea brine forms at submarine spring outlets. To characterize this flow field and to determine its volumetric discharge, a system was developed to measure the velocity and density of the ascending submarine groundwater across the center of the stream along several horizontal sections and equidistant depths while divers sampled the spring. This was also undertaken on an artificial submarine spring with a known discharge to determine the quality of the measurements and the accuracy of the method. The underwater widening of the flow is linear and independent of the volumetric spring discharge. The temperature of the Dead Sea brine at lower layers primarily determines the temperature of the surface of the upwelling, produced above the jet flow, as the origin of the main mass of water in the submarine jet flow is Dead Sea brine. Based on the measurements, a model is presented to evaluate the distribution of velocity and solute density in the flow field of an emanating buoyant jet. This model allows the calculation of the volumetric submarine discharge, merely requiring either the maximum flow velocity or the minimal density at a given depth.
Sirt6 attenuates hypoxia‐induced tubular epithelial cell injury via targeting G2/M phase arrest
Authors: Gao Zhao , Chen Xinghua , Fan Yanqin , Zhu Kai , Shi Ming , Ding Guohua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a condition that has a high incidence and death rate. Unfortunately, the kidney may not recover completely after AKI, which then develops to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, it is necessary to identify potential curative targets to avoid its development to CKD. As an NAD+‐dependent deacetylase, sirtuin 6 (Sirt6) has been linked to different types of biological processes. In the present work, our group investigated the role of Sirt6 in tubular epithelial cells (TECs) under hypoxic stress. Sirt6 expression was examined in mouse kidney following ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury and hypoxia‐challenged TECs. Using Sirt6 plasmid and small interfering RNA, we also investigated how, in regard to inflammation and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition, Sirt6 affects hypoxia‐triggered injury. In addition, cell cycle was detected in hypoxia‐challenged TECs. Sirt6 was downregulated in the kidney of mice with IR injury and hypoxia‐challenged TECs. Consequently, Sirt6 depletion aggravated hypoxia‐induced injury and G2/M phase arrest. Sirt6 overexpression attenuated hypoxia‐triggered damage and G2/M phase arrest in TECs. Sirt6 prevented hypoxia‐triggered TEC damage via suppressing G2/M phase arrest. Thus, Sirt6 is a possible candidate for alleviating the effects of kidney injury.
Chlorogenic acid activates ERK1/2 and inhibits proliferation of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Sapio Luigi , Salzillo Alessia , Illiano Michela , Ragone Angela , Spina Annamaria , Chiosi Emilio , Pacifico Severina , Catauro Michelina , Naviglio Silvio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is a very aggressive metastatic pediatric and adolescent tumor. Due to its recurrent development of chemotherapy resistance, clinical outcome for OS patients remains poor. Therefore, discovering more effective anticancer agents is needed. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a phenolic compound contained in plant‐related products that modulates many cellular functions and inhibits cell proliferation in several cancer types. However, few evidence is available in OS. Here, we investigate the effects of CGA in U2OS, Saos‐2, and MG‐63 OS cells. By multiple approaches, we demonstrate that CGA acts as anticancer molecule affecting the cell cycle and provoking cell growth inhibition mainly by apoptosis induction. We also provide evidence that CGA strongly activates extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). Strikingly, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 sensitizes the cells to CGA. Altogether, our data enforce the evidence of the anticancer activity mediated by CGA and provide the rationale for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies in OS cure.
The effect of gastric acid on chitosan modified glass ionomer cement: SEM‐EDS
Authors: Soygun Koray , Soygun Arzu , Dogan Muharrem Cem 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to use scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) to examine the elements that passed into the gastric acid solution after the application of a gastric acid erosive cycle to chitosan modified glass ionomer cement (GIC). Chitosan modified GIC samples were obtained by adding chitosan (vol/vol) of 5 and 10% to GIC for the experimental groups. These two experimental groups and a control group were subjected to gastric acid erosive treatment for 60 s six times a day for 10 days. The sample surfaces were coated with approximately 1 nm of gold to increase conductivity with the Q 150R ES device (Quorum Technologies, East Sussex, England). Surface topography images were obtained with a SEM. Besides, EDS analysis was also determined the number of elements graphically in the region where the fast electron beam hit. In the samples examined, the amount of element was determined. After gastric acid application, cracks and voids were observed on the surfaces of the samples. In the EDS analysis of the 5 and 10% chitosan modified GIC and control groups, Si, Al, Na, and F was found. It is necessary to investigate the antibacterial properties and physical properties of chitosan modified glass ionomer‐free elements and fluorine ions using advanced techniques.
Risk of progression to eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia: A retrospective pilot study
Authors: Ishibashi Fumiaki , Fukushima Keita , Onizuka Ryoichi , Tanaka Ryu 
Published: October 2019

Background and AimAs the number of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has increased worldwide, the likelihood of diagnosing esophageal eosinophilia (EE) in screening endoscopy has also increased. Many of these EE patients do not display any symptoms (i.e. they display asymptomatic EE: aEE), and the risk of aEE patients developing EoE has yet to be demonstrated.MethodsA total of 62 250 cases were found in the endoscopic registries of two digestive disease centers in the context of gastric cancer screening from April 2016 to August 2018, and these were reviewed.ResultsThirty‐seven aEE patients (0.059%) were found in the registries, and the histories of endoscopic findings and symptoms were successfully traced for 29 of them. While 11 aEE (37.9%) patients did not show any change in endoscopic findings, 18 (62.1%) exhibited exacerbation. A comparison of the two groups showed both relative youth and diffuse disease distribution to be independent risk factors for progression (P = 0.0034 and 0.0078, respectively). Of the 18 aEE patients whose findings showed progression, 6 developed EoE (5 (17.2%) developed proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI)‐responsive EoE, and only 1 (3.4%) developed PPI‐resistant EoE). A comparison of the non‐EoE and EoE groups showed relative youth to be an independent risk factor for progression to EoE (P = 0.0146).ConclusionsWhile some aEE patients developed symptomatic EE, the existence among them of PPI‐resistant EoE was extremely rare. Younger age and diffuse disease distribution at first detection in endoscopic findings are risk factors for progression to symptomatic EE in aEE patients.
Inborn errors of enzymes in glutamate metabolism
Authors: Rumping Lynne , Vringer Esmee , Houwen Roderick H. J. , van Hasselt Peter M. , Jans Judith J. M. , Verhoeven‐Duif Nanda M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGlutamate is involved in a variety of metabolic pathways. We reviewed the literature on genetic defects of enzymes that directly metabolise glutamate, leading to inborn errors of glutamate metabolism. Seventeen genetic defects of glutamate metabolising enzymes have been reported, of which three were only recently identified. These 17 defects affect the inter‐conversion of glutamine and glutamate, amino acid metabolism, ammonia detoxification, and glutathione metabolism. We provide an overview of the clinical and biochemical phenotypes of these rare defects in an effort to ease their recognition. By categorising these by biochemical pathway, we aim to create insight into the contributing role of deviant glutamate and glutamine levels to the pathophysiology. For those disorders involving the inter‐conversion of glutamine and glutamate, these deviant levels are postulated to play a pivotal pathophysiologic role. For the other IEM however—with the exception of urea cycle defects—abnormal glutamate and glutamine concentrations were rarely reported. To create insight into the clinical consequences of disturbed glutamate metabolism—rather than individual glutamate and glutamine levels—the prevalence of phenotypic abnormalities within the 17 IEM was compared to their prevalence within all Mendelian disorders and subsequently all disorders with metabolic abnormalities notated in the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) database. For this, a hierarchical database of all phenotypic abnormalities of the 17 defects in glutamate metabolism based on HPO was created. A neurologic phenotypic spectrum of developmental delay, ataxia, seizures, and hypotonia are common in the inborn errors of enzymes in glutamate metabolism. Additionally, ophthalmologic and skin abnormalities are often present, suggesting that disturbed glutamate homeostasis affects tissues of ectodermal origin: brain, eye, and skin. Reporting glutamate and glutamine concentrations in patients with inborn errors of glutamate metabolism would provide additional insight into the pathophysiology.
A Demographic model for ring‐necked ducks breeding in Minnesota
Authors: Roy Charlotte L. , Berdeen James B. , Clark Mark 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTPopulation models can provide insights into how perturbations of demographic vital rates influence population growth rates (λ) and help prioritize efforts to achieve management goals. Although population models have been developed for numerous duck species, this tool has not been developed for ring‐necked ducks (Aythya collaris). Ring‐necked ducks are a late‐nesting species that may not be surveyed well by the May Waterfowl Survey, which is timed optimally for earlier nesting ducks like the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Information specific to ring‐necked ducks would help identify important influences on the rate of population growth and the direction of population change. We used data from our own research during 2008–2012, long‐term (1975–2016) survey data from northcentral Minnesota, USA, vital rate estimates from the literature, and long‐term (1987–2016) banding data to develop a population model for ring‐necked ducks. We estimated annual survival and recovery rates of after‐hatching‐year and hatching‐year female ring‐necked ducks in Minnesota. Survey results and our matrix models indicated that ring‐necked ducks are declining in the forested portion of Minnesota. Thus, we examined a boom‐or‐bust simulation scenario that might maintain a population through periodic occurrence of exceptional reproductive years in conjunction with high hatching‐year survival. Our results indicated that long‐term persistence is only expected in this population if reproductive output doubled at the same time that hatching‐year survival was at its highest value, or if the population is maintained through immigration. Sensitivity analysis indicated that unit changes in 30‐day brood survival will produce the most change in λ in the parameter space observed, although elasticity analysis indicated that proportional changes in annual survival of adult females will produce the largest proportional changes in λ. Management to improve brood survival to increase λ might include improving the habitat quality of brood‐rearing lakes, especially those with more open water and less nesting habitat than those used for nesting. Our findings might also help explain disparities between annual breeding waterfowl surveys, which indicate stable or increasing populations, and hunter experiences in the fall. In Minnesota, hunter experiences have not matched expectations based on historical fall numbers and this could occur if regional production declined and fewer young birds were available for harvest. Our findings highlight the need for further study to inform management in this rapidly changing region. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Aerodynamically driven phonation of individual vocal folds under general anesthesia in canines
Authors: Heaton James T. , Kobler James B. , Ottensmeyer Mark P. , Petrillo Robert H. , Tynan Monica A. , Mehta Daryush D. , Hillman Robert E. , Zeitels Steven M. 
Published: October 2019

Objectives/HypothesisWe previously developed an instrument called the Aerodynamic Vocal Fold Driver (AVFD) for intraoperative magnified assessment of vocal fold (VF) vibration during microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia. Excised larynx testing showed that the AVFD could provide useful information about the vibratory characteristics of each VF independently. The present investigation expands those findings by testing new iterations of the AVFD during microlaryngoscopy in the canine model.Study DesignAnimal model.MethodsThe AVFD is a handheld instrument that is positioned to contact the phonatory mucosa of either VF during microlaryngoscopy. Airflow delivered through the AVFD shaft to the subglottis drives the VF into phonation‐like vibration, which enables magnified observation of mucosal‐wave function with stroboscopy or high‐speed video. AVFD‐driven phonation was tested intraoperatively (n = 26 VFs) using either the original instrument design or smaller and larger versions three‐dimensionally printed from a medical grade polymer. A high‐fidelity pressure sensor embedded within the AVFD measured VF contact pressure. Characteristics of individual VF phonation were compared with typical two‐fold phonation and compared for VFs scarred by electrocautery (n = 4) versus controls (n = 22).ResultsPhonation was successful in all 26 VFs, even when scar prevented conventional bilateral phonation. The 15‐mm‐wide AVFD fits best within the anteroposterior dimension of the musculo‐membranous VF, and VF contact pressure correlated with acoustic output, driving pressures, and visible modes of vibration.ConclusionsThe AVFD can reveal magnified vibratory characteristics of individual VFs during microlaryngoscopy (e.g., without needing patient participation), potentially providing information that is not apparent or available during conventional awake phonation, which might facilitate phonosurgical decision making.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 130: 1980–1988, 2020
Sparse POD modal subsets for reduced‐order nonlinear explicit dynamics
Authors: Phalippou Pierre , Bouabdallah Salim , Breitkopf Piotr , Villon Pierre , Zarroug Malek 
Published: October 2019

SummaryProjected reduced order methods (PROM) such as the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) rely on the quality of the underlying reduced basis (RB) used to approximate the solution. The RB is generally constructed by the low‐rank approximation of a set of observations, taken from full‐scale simulations, through truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) of the snapshot matrix. This paper revisits the selection criterion of the RB functions in the study of dynamical systems. In opposition to truncating the set of left singular vectors, taken consecutively in decreasing order of associated singular values, the proposed method takes temporality into account, resulting in a compact, sparse subset of RB functions. Selection strategies, implemented in the reduced‐order version of a legacy nonlinear explicit dynamics finite element (FE) code, are compared in both offline and online phases in terms of work of internal forces reconstruction error.
An energy‐conserving and decaying time integration method for general nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Zhang H. M. , Xing Y. F. , Ji Y. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryAn energy‐conserving and decaying time integration method is derived from the discretized energy balance equation in this paper. Based on the Gauss‐Legendre quadrature rule, the new method evaluates the mean internal force by collecting the internal forces of several quadrature points in the time interval. Compared with previous conserving methods, the new method avoids the reconstruction of finite element models as used in the energy‐momentum method, and the computation of energy functions as used in the constraint energy method, so it is simple and straightforward, and has no difficulty in implementation for dynamics with general nonlinear resilience including nonlinear damping force and internal force. By employing enough quadrature nodes, this method can preserve system energy accurately for conservative system, and then the unconditional stability is achieved automatically. In addition, the energy‐decaying method is developed by introducing the energy dissipation term to the energy balance equation, and two free parameters controlling the numerical dissipation are determined based on linear spectral analysis. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is checked on several examples and the results are compared with that of the trapezoidal rule.
Antiobesity Medication Use in 2.2 Million Adults Across Eight Large Health Care Organizations: 2009‐2015
Authors: Saxon David R. , Iwamoto Sean J. , Mettenbrink Christie J. , McCormick Emily , Arterburn David , Daley Matthew F. , Oshiro Caryn E. , Koebnick Corinna , Horberg Michael , Young Deborah R. , Bessesen Daniel H. 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine the prescribing patterns and use of antiobesity medications in a large cohort of patients using data from electronic health records.MethodsPharmacy‐ and patient‐level electronic health record data were obtained on 2,248,407 adults eligible for weight‐loss medications from eight geographically dispersed health care organizations.ResultsA total of 29,964 patients (1.3% of total cohort) filled at least one weight‐loss medication prescription. This cohort was 82.3% female, with median age 44.9 years and median BMI 37.2 kg/m2. Phentermine accounted for 76.6% of all prescriptions, with 51.7% of prescriptions being filled for ≥ 120 days and 33.8% filled for ≥ 360 days. There was an increase of 32.9% in medication days for all medications in 2015 compared with 2009. Higher prescription rates were observed in women, black patients, and patients in higher BMI classes. Of 3,919 providers who wrote at least one filled prescription, 23.8% (n = 863) were “frequent prescribers” who wrote 89.6% of all filled prescriptions.ConclusionsWeight‐loss medications are rarely prescribed to eligible patients. Phentermine accounted for > 75% of all medication days, with a majority of patients filling it for more than 4 months. Less than one‐quarter of prescribing providers accounted for approximately 90% of all prescriptions.
Effect of trap level density on breakdown strength and space charge distribution of polypropylene/low‐density polyethylene composites
Authors: Yan Hong‐Da , Zhang Chong , Li Wei‐Kang , Zha Jun‐Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolypropylene (PP) as an environmentally friendly insulation material has been paid more attention. It is considered as a potential insulating material to replace cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) for high voltage direct current (HVDC) applications. In this work, PP and PP/low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composites with different LDPE loading were prepared by melt blending method and the corresponding electrical properties were investigated. Results showed that the addition of LDPE significantly changed the microstructure of PP and the trap density was increased in the composites compared with pure PP. The conduction current of PP/LDPE composites was greater than that of PP. The electrical breakdown strength decreased at low LDPE contents and increased at high contents. Space charge was remarkably suppressed in the blend with 40 wt% LDPE loading. This work indicates that the improvements in the electrical properties, especially the charge transport and space charge suppression in the composites are closely related to the trap level density.
Tropospheric jet variability in different flow regimes
Authors: Lachmy Orli , Harnik Nili 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA transition in the variability properties of the jet stream is studied using a two‐layer quasi‐geostrophic model. The eddy energy is increased by controlling two parameters that affect baroclinic instability, causing the jet to shift poleward and leading to a stronger and less persistent annular mode. The transition in the jet variability properties as the eddy energy increases is associated with a transition from a merged (subtropical and eddy‐driven) jet regime to an eddy‐driven jet regime, and is accompanied by a transition in the eddy spectral properties. In the merged jet regime the spectrum is dominated by a single synoptic‐scale wave mode, whereas in the eddy‐driven jet regime the spectrum includes a wider range of planetary‐ and synoptic‐scale waves. An eddy–mean flow feedback mechanism explains the relation between the transition in the eddy spectrum and the jet variability properties. In the merged jet regime synoptic‐scale waves maintain the jet close to its climatological position at all times and act as a positive feedback on the weak annular mode, increasing its persistence. In the eddy‐driven jet regime the jet fluctuates between an equatorward‐shifted state, which is similar to the merged jet, and a poleward‐shifted state, where the eddy‐driven jet is separated from the subtropical jet. The low persistence of the annular mode in the eddy‐driven jet regime is due to a negative feedback by planetary‐scale waves, which grow barotropically on the poleward flank of the jet during the equatorward‐shifted jet state. The results of this study highlight the need to capture the dynamics of planetary‐scale waves correctly in general circulation models in order to prevent the emergence of an overly persistent annular mode.