bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature Gradients Drive Bulk Flow Within Microchannel Lined by Fluid–Fluid Interfaces
Authors: Amador Guillermo J. , Ren Ziyu , Tabak Ahmet F. , Alapan Yunus , Yasa Oncay , Sitti Metin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSurface tension gradients induce Marangoni flow, which may be exploited for fluid transport. At the micrometer scale, these surface‐driven flows can be quite significant. By introducing fluid–fluid interfaces along the walls of microfluidic channels, bulk fluid flows driven by temperature gradients are observed. The temperature dependence of the fluid–fluid interfacial tension appears responsible for these flows. In this report, the design concept for a biocompatible microchannel capable of being powered by solar irradiation is provided. Using microscale particle image velocimetry, a bulk flow generated by apparent surface tension gradients along the walls is observed. The direction of flow relative to the imposed temperature gradient agrees with the expected surface tension gradient. The phenomenon's ability to replace bulky peripherals, like traditional syringe pumps, on a diagnostic microfluidic device that captures and detects leukocyte subpopulations within blood is demonstrated. Such microfluidic devices may be implemented for clinical assays at the point of care without the use of electricity.
Digital Games as a Context for Children's Cognitive Development: Research Recommendations and Policy Considerations
Authors: Blumberg Fran C. , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Calvert Sandra L. , Flynn Rachel M. , Green C. Shawn , Arnold David , Brooks Patricia J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe document the need to examine digital game play and app use as a context for cognitive development, particularly during middle childhood. We highlight this developmental period as 6‐ through 12‐year olds comprise a large swath of the preadult population that plays and uses these media forms. Surprisingly, this age range remains understudied with regard to the impact of their interactive media use as compared to young children and adolescents. This gap in knowledge about middle childhood may reflect strong and widely held concerns about the effects of digital games and apps before and after this period. These concerns include concurrent and subsequent influences of game use on very young children's and adolescents’ cognitive and socioemotional functioning. We highlight here what is currently known about the impact of media on young children and adolescents and what is not known about this impact in middle childhood. We then offer recommendations for the types of research that developmental scientists can undertake to examine the efficacy of digital games within the rapidly changing media ecology in which children live. We conclude with a discussion of media policies that we believe can help children benefit from their media use. Our hope is that this review will foster greater investigation of the cognitive socialization, as raised over 20 years ago by developmental psychologist and early games researcher Patricia Greenfield, that digital games serve during the middle childhood period, and childhood more generally.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of defects in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a fetal MRI study
Authors: Prayer F. , Metzelder M. , Krois W. , Brugger P. C. , Gruber G. M. , Weber M. , Scharrer A. , Rokitansky A. , Langs G. , Prayer D. , Unger E. , Kasprian G. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the clinical feasibility and validity of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction to locate, classify and quantify diaphragmatic defects in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).MethodsThis retrospective study included 46 cases of CDH which underwent a total of 69 fetal MRI scans (65 in‐vivo and four postmortem) at the Medical University of Vienna during the period 1 January 2002 to 1 January 2017. Scans were performed between 16 and 38 gestational weeks using steady‐state free precession, T2‐weighted and T1‐weighted sequences. MRI data were retrieved from the hospital database and manual segmentation of the diaphragm was performed with the open‐source software, ITK‐SNAP. The resulting 3D models of the fetal diaphragm and its defect(s) were validated by postmortem MRI segmentation and/or comparison of 3D model‐based classification of the defect with a reference classification based on autopsy and/or surgery reports. Surface areas of the intact diaphragm and of the defect were measured and used to calculate defect–diaphragmatic ratios (DDR). The need for prosthetic patch repair and, in cases with repeated in‐vivo fetal MRI scans, diaphragm growth dynamics, were analyzed based on DDR.ResultsFetal MRI‐based manual segmentation of the diaphragm in CDH was feasible for all 65 (100%) of the in‐vivo fetal MRI scans. Based on the 3D diaphragmatic models, one bilateral and 45 unilateral defects (n = 47) were further classified as posterolateral (23/47, 48.9%), lateral (7/47, 14.9%) or hemidiaphragmatic (17/47, 36.2%) defects, and none (0%) was classified as anterolateral. This classification of defect location was correct in all 37 (100%) of the cases in which this information could be verified. Nineteen cases had a follow‐up fetal MRI scan; in five (26.3%) of these, the initial CDH classification was altered by the results of the second scan. Thirty‐three fetuses underwent postnatal diaphragmatic surgical repair; 20 fetuses (all of those with DDR ≥ 54 and 88% of those with DDR > 30) received a diaphragmatic patch, while the other 13 underwent primary surgical repair. Individual DDRs at initial and at follow‐up in‐vivo fetal MRI correlated significantly (P < 0.001).ConclusionsMRI‐based 3D reconstruction of the fetal diaphragm in CDH has been validated to visualize, locate, classify and quantify the defect. Planning of postnatal surgery may be optimized by MRI‐based prediction of the necessity for patch placement and the ability to personalize patch design based on 3D‐printable templates. © 2019 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
A reflexive lens: Critical librarianship at UAL
Authors: Crilly Jess 
Published: April 2019

This article presents an insider view of engagement with critical librarianship in a higher education and arts library context. The gains from this engagement include a stronger voice in institutional dialogue and collaboration, and the development of exploratory practices in collection development and information literacy that are increasingly informed by critical perspectives.Our experiences and examples of emerging practise highlight some of the complexities and ambiguities of critical librarianship, around novelty, compliance, institutionalisation, and the challenge of how we convert these theoretical insights into the power structures at play in libraries and archives into meaningful changes for the benefit of all of our students.Ultimately the conclusion is that if we recognise these power structures, and the particular role of the library in knowledge production, consumption and validation, we must take critically informed action.
-SIGNATURE UNDER BIRATIONAL MORPHISMS
Authors: MA LINQUAN , POLSTRA THOMAS , SCHWEDE KARL , TUCKER KEVIN 
Published: April 2019

We study$F$-signature under proper birational morphisms$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}:Y\rightarrow X$, showing that$F$-signature strictly increases for small morphisms or if$K_{Y}\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{\ast }K_{X}$. In certain cases, we can even show that the$F$-signature of$Y$is at least twice as that of $X$. We also provide examples of$F$-signature dropping and Hilbert–Kunz multiplicity increasing under birational maps without these hypotheses.
The instability of gyrotactically trapped cell layers
Authors: Maretvadakethope Smitha , Keaveny Eric E. , Hwang Yongyun 
Published: April 2019

Several metres below the coastal ocean surface there are areas of high ecological activity that contain thin layers of concentrated motile phytoplankton. Gyrotactic trapping has been proposed as a potential mechanism for layer formation of bottom-heavy swimming algae cells, especially in flows where the vorticity varies linearly with depth (Durhamet al.,Science, vol. 323(5917), 2009, pp. 1067–1070). Using a continuum model for dilute microswimmer suspensions, we report that an instability of a gyrotactically trapped cell layer can arise in a pressure-driven plane channel flow. The linear stability analysis reveals that the equilibrium cell-layer solution is hydrodynamically unstable due to negative microswimmer buoyancy (i.e. a gravitational instability) over a range of biologically relevant parameter values. The critical cell concentration for this instability is found to be$N_{c}\simeq 10^{4}~\text{cells}~\text{cm}^{-3}$, a value comparable to the typical maximum cell concentration observed in thin layers. This result indicates that the instability may be a potential mechanism for limiting the layer’s maximum cell concentration, especially in regions where turbulence is weak, and motivates the study of its nonlinear evolution, perhaps, in the presence of turbulence.
Toward a General Theory of Anomie The Social Psychology of Disintegration
Authors: Abrutyn Seth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThough anomie is one of sociology’s most unique conceptual contributions, its progenitor, Emile Durkheim, was notably ambiguous about its meaning. Consequently, its use in contemporary sociology has varied wildly. In part, the confusion surrounding anomie stems from Durkheim’s insistence that it iscausedbyderegulation, which has resisted operationalization. Nevertheless, careful consideration of the “four faces” of anomie most prominent in the sociological canon—that is, (1) the anomic division of labor, (2) anomic suicide, (3) Mertonian strain, and (4) the micro-level symbolic-cultural versions—reveals that disruption and disintegration, rather than deregulation, are the common threads woven through each. Drawing from this insight, a new theoretical conceptualization for anomie is offered that defines it as (a) a social psychological force operating at both the (b) individual- or “meso”/corporate unit-level of social reality that results from (c) chronic or acutedisruptionsthat, in turn, generate (d) real or imagined disintegrative pressures. Furthermore, disruptions are not only predicated on the real or imagined loss of social ties (dissolution), but also on the real or imagined loss of attachment to a coherent social reality (disjunction) and/or physical space (dislocation). This recalibration allows anomie to enter into deeper dialogue with a wide range of other phenomena that may in fact share some overlapping elements with anomie related to the pain of potentially losing cherished social relationships and the motivation toward self-harm, anti-socialandeven pro-social behaviors to escape this social pain.
Transglycosylated starch accelerated intestinal transit and enhanced bacterial fermentation in the large intestine using a pig model
Authors: Metzler-Zebeli Barbara U. , Newman Monica A. , Ladinig Andrea , Kandler Wolfgang , Grüll Dietmar , Zebeli Qendrim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResistant starch can alter the intestinal nutrient availability and bulk of digesta, thereby modulating the substrate available for microbial metabolic activity along the gastrointestinal tract. This study elucidated the effect of transglycosylated starch (TGS) on the retention of digesta in the upper digestive tract, ileal flow and hindgut disappearance of nutrients, and subsequent bacterial profiles in pigs. Fourteen ileal-cannulated growing pigs were fed either the TGS or control (CON) diet in a complete crossover design. Each period consisted of a 10-d adaptation to the diets, followed by 3-d collection of faeces and ileal digesta. Consumption of TGS decreased the retention of digesta in the stomach and small intestine, and increased ileal DM, starch, Ca and P flow, leading to enhanced starch fermentation in the hindgut compared with CON-fed pigs. TGS increased ileal and faecal total SCFA, especially ileal and faecal acetate and faecal butyrate. Gastric retention time positively correlated toKlebsiella, which benefitted together withSelenomonas,Lactobacillus,Mitsuokellaand Coriobacteriaceae from TGS feeding and ileal starch flow. Similar relationships existed in faeces with Coriobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae andMegasphaerabenefitting most, either directly or indirectly via cross-feeding, from TGS residuals in faeces. TGS, in turn, depressed genera within Ruminococcaceae,Clostridialesand Christensenellaceae compared with the CON diet. The present results demonstrated distinct ileal and faecal bacterial community and metabolite profiles in CON- and TGS-fed pigs, which were modulated by the type of starch, intestinal substrate flow and retention of digesta in the upper digestive tract.
A Sharp Break: Childs, Wellhausen, and Theo-referentiality
Authors: Cornell Collin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractJulius Wellhausen proposed a “sharp break” between ancient Israelite religion and early Judaism: for him, the eighth-century prophets were the “spiritual destroyers of old Israel” and the forerunners of early Judaism. The biblical theologian Brevard Childs rejected Wellhausen’s reconstruction and insisted instead that “very strong theological continuity” characterized the development of Israelite religion from its outset. Numerous contemporary theological interpreters share Childs’s perspective. However, a “Wellhausen renaissance” is currently underway in the study of Israelite religion and early Judaism. This situation poses an unresolved challenge for theological interpretation, at least of the kind that Childs advocated. The present article addresses this dilemma. It first inventories Childs’s reasons for opposing Wellhausen’s sharp break, which emerge from Childs’s vision for scriptural “theo- referentiality.” Secondly, it tests whether Childs’s theological insights, the very same that led to his repudiation of Wellhausen, might accommodate Wellhausen’s historical claim. The final result is to set Wellhausen and Childs, historical reconstruction and theological interpretation, in a noncompetitive relationship.
Behavioral preference for viewing drug v. pleasant images predicts current and future opioid misuse among chronic pain patients
Authors: Moeller Scott J. , Hanley Adam W. , Garland Eric L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe USA is currently enduring an opioid crisis. Identifying cost-effective, easy-to-implement behavioral measures that predict treatment outcomes in opioid misusers is a crucial scientific, therapeutic, and epidemiological goal.MethodsThe current study used a mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal design to test whether a behavioral choice task, previously validated in stimulant users, was associated with increased opioid misuse severity at baseline, and whether it predicted change in opioid misuse severity at follow-up. At baseline, data from 100 prescription opioid-treated chronic pain patients were analyzed; at follow-up, data were analyzed in 34 of these participants who were non-misusers at baseline. During the choice task, participants chose under probabilistic contingencies whether to view opioid-related images in comparison with affectively pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images. Following previous procedures, we also assessed insight into choice behavior, operationalized as whether (yes/no) participants correctly self-reported the image category they chose most often.ResultsAt baseline, the higher choice for viewing opioid images in direct comparison with pleasant images was associated with opioid misuse and impaired insight into choice behavior; the combination of these produced especially elevated opioid-related choice behavior. In longitudinal analyses of individuals who were initially non-misusers, higher baseline opioid v. pleasant choice behavior predicted more opioid misuse behaviors at follow-up.ConclusionsThese results indicate that greater relative allocation of behavior toward opioid stimuli and away from stimuli depicting natural reinforcement is associated with concurrent opioid misuse and portends vulnerability toward future misuse. The choice task may provide important medical information to guide opioid-prescribing practices.
Collaborative Control of Multiple Robots Using Genetic Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Sathyan Anoop , Ma Ou 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper introduces an approach of collaborative control for individual robots to collaboratively perform a common task, without the need for a centralized controller to coordinate the group. The approach is illustrated by an application example involving multiple robots performing a collaborative task to achieve a common goal. The objective of this example problem is to control multiple robots that are connected to an object through elastic cables in order to bring the object to a target position. There is no communication between the robots, and hence each robot is unaware of how the other robots are going to react at any instant. Only the information pertaining to the object and the target is available to all the robots at any instant. Genetic fuzzy system (GFS) is used to develop controller for each of the robots. The nonlinearity of fuzzy logic systems coupled with the search capability of genetic algorithms provides a tool to design controllers for such collaborative tasks. A set of training scenarios are developed to train the individual robot controllers for this task. The trained controllers are then tested on an extensive set of scenarios. This paper describes the development process of GFS controllers for dynamic case involving systems consisting of three robots. It is also shown that the GFS controllers are scalable for the more complex systems involving more than three robots.
Using the evidence base for social anxiety to understand and treat paranoia: a single case experimental design
Authors: Hicks Stephanie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch suggests that paranoia and social anxiety can be understood as part of the same continuum, having shared processes such as the anticipation of threat, cognitive biases, poor self-concept, worry and safety-seeking behaviours. There is limited research on whether evidence-based interventions for social anxiety could be used with individuals who experience paranoia; however, an existing brief intervention study using techniques taken from cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for social anxiety has had promising results.This paper uses a single-case experimental design to explore whether using a clinical model of the maintenance of paranoia followed by CBT for social anxiety can be an effective formulation and intervention method in cases where social anxiety processes appear to be maintaining paranoid thoughts. This may be an effective formulation and intervention method, resulting in a reduction in anxiety and a reduction in the distress associated with paranoid thoughts. The clinical implications are discussed along with limitations and recommendations for further research.Key learning aims(1)To describe shared processes in social anxiety and paranoia.(2)To identify the benefits and limitations of using a clinical model of paranoia and CBT for social anxiety for formulation and intervention with individuals experiencing paranoia.(3)To identify areas where further research is warranted in treatment for individuals experiencing paranoia.
Cadillo (Urena lobata) control with POST herbicides
Authors: Dias José Luiz C. S. , Duarte Guilherme Esteves , Colombo Wendy Linares , Sellers Brent A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCadillo is an invasive species in Florida pastures and natural areas. Despite its invasiveness, relatively few studies have evaluated cadillo management. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine effective POST herbicides for cadillo control in Florida. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted at the Range Cattle Research and Education Center near Ona, FL, in 2015 and 2016. In the greenhouse study, triclopyr-ester, aminopyralid, metsulfuron, 2,4-D amine, aminopyralid+metsulfuron, aminocyclopyrachlor+metsulfuron, and imazapyr+aminocyclopyrachlor+metsulfuron provided ≥80% control of cadillo 28 d after treatment (DAT). Aminocyclopyrachlor at 17 and 35 g ha–1were the only treatments with &lt;80% control, with 70% and 75% control, respectively. Similar results were reflected in cadillo dry biomass reduction. The herbicide treatments used in the field study were triclopyr-ester, aminopyralid, 2,4-D amine, aminocyclopyrachlor, and triclopyr+fluroxypyr. Most treatments provided excellent control in the field (≥90% control) 30 DAT, and by 60 DAT all treatments provided 100% control. Results from these studies suggest that cadillo is susceptible to many of the common POST herbicides utilized in pastures and natural areas in Florida.
Prevalent Low Thiamine Status Among Adults Living in Seoul Metropolitan Area (South Korea)
Authors: Kim Young-Nam , Cho Youn-Ok 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The thiamine status of South Korean people has not been recently reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine thiamine intake and status of Korean adults based on a biochemical index. Three consecutive 24-h food recalls and morning first-urine samples were obtained from 143 healthy adults (65 men and 78 women), aged 20–64 years, living in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. Daily dietary thiamine intake of men and women was 1.42 ± 0.37 mg and 1.18 ± 0.24 mg, respectively. Only 9.1% of the subjects consumed less total thiamine (dietary plus supplemental thiamine) than the estimated average requirement for Koreans. The top 10 major dietary thiamine sources were pork, polished rice, ramyeon (Korean instant noodles), baechukimchi (Chinese cabbage), mandarin oranges, chicken, cow’s milk, bread, beef, and potatoes. Those top 10 foods provided 57.85% of the subjects’ dietary thiamine intake and the top 30 food sources provided 77.23% of their dietary thiamine intake. Urinary thiamine excretions for men and women were 37.20 ± 26.54 and 39.09 ± 28.80 μg/g creatinine, respectively. Urinary thiamine excretion was positively correlated with total thiamine intake (r = 0.3349, p < 0.0001). Approximately 40% of the subjects had urinary thiamine excretion < 27 μg/g creatinine, indicating thiamine deficiency. In conclusion, thiamine intake among Korean adults in this study was generally adequate, but there was a high prevalence of a low thiamine status. Further study is required to explain the incongruity of adequate intake and low thiamine status thiamine in the South Korean population.
Carriers of the Field‐Aligned Currents in the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer: An MMS Multicase Study
Authors: Chen YuanQiang , Wu Mingyu , Wang Guoqiang , Schmid Daniel , Zhang Tielong , Nakamura Rumi , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Burch James L. , Giles Barbara J. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith the advantage of fast plasma measurements of the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission in the magnetotail, we first investigate the particle carriers of field‐aligned currents (FACs) in the plasma sheet boundary layer for three cases. In all cases, electrons are the main carriers of FACs, while the contribution of ions can be neglected. The analysis of these cases indicate that thermal electrons (energy range from 0.5Te to 5Te, where Te is the electron parallel temperature) are the main carrier of the FACs. However, cold electrons (energy less than 0.5Te) can also significantly contribute to the FACs. In one of three cases, suprathermal electrons (energy greater than 5Te) contribute but a small portion to the total current. The difference between the cases may depend on the local dynamics in the magnetotail. Then a statistical analysis was performed, which also shows that the thermal electrons are dominant in most of the FACs, while the cold electrons can be dominant in some cases. However, the suprathermal electrons cannot support the FACs solely, and they and the cold electrons are more often supporting the FACs together with the thermal electrons.