bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Short- Versus Long-Distance Repeated-Sprint Ability Training on Physical Performance in Youth Male Soccer Players
Authors: Fernández-Penedo Diego , García-Santamaría Alberto , Lorenzo-Martínez Miguel , Carrera Samuel , Padrón-Cabo Alexis , Costa Pablo B. , Rey Ezequiel 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: To examine the effects of 2 repeated-sprint ability (RSA) training protocols using short sprints (15 m, RSA-15) and long sprints (30 m, RSA-30) on sprinting, maneuverability, intermittent endurance, and RSA in young soccer players. Method: Thirty-one male U-18 players were randomly assigned to the RSA-15 (n = 15) and RSA-30 (n = 16) groups. The intervention programs were conducted twice a week over 6 weeks. Results: Significant improvements in 5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints, as well as the Yo-Yo test, from pretest to posttest in the RSA-15 group (8.17%, 5.92%, 5.02%, and 16.59%) and the RSA-30 group (9.21%, 7.44%, 5.64%, and 18.79%) were observed. Players in the RSA-30 group demonstrated a significant enhancement in maneuverability from pretest to posttest (4.42%). Both the RSA-15 and RSA-30 protocols resulted in enhancements in RSA, particularly in terms of total time (4.71% and 2.30%, respectively), average time (4.71% and 2.30%, respectively), and fastest time (2.97% and 2.32%, respectively). However, only the RSA-15 protocol significantly enhanced the RSA percentage of decrement (24.06%). Conclusion: The present results provide further evidence that, if the primary focus is to maximize RSA performance, RSA-15 should be preferred. When the goal is to enhance maneuverability, implementing RSA-30 is recommended over using RSA-15.
Fidaxomicin resistance in
Clostridioides difficile
: a systematic review and predictive modeling with RNA polymerase binding sites
Authors: Le ThanhPhuong M. , Eubank Taryn A. , McKelvey Ann M. , Cao Xinyun , Hurdle Julian G. , Garey Kevin W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Fidaxomicin (FDX), an RNA polymerase (RNAP) inhibitor antibiotic, is a guideline-recommended therapy for
Clostridioides difficile
infection. Mutations associated with reduced FDX minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) have been identified. However, the molecular characterization of these mutations on FDX binding and the development of FDX resistance have not been studied. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify FDX resistance in
C. difficile
isolates and determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with increased FDX MIC aligned with the RNAP binding pocket interacting residues. A systematic literature search was done in PubMed (1991–2023) with identified articles and their bibliographies searched for papers that included
C. difficile
genetic mutations and increased FDX MIC. Visualization of FDX-RNAP interactions was performed on Schrödinger Maestro using the publicly available
C. difficile
RNAP with fidaxomicin sequence (code 7L7B) on the Protein Data Bank. Seven articles were identified after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common mutation in clinical and laboratory isolates was at position V1143 of the β subunit, which accounted for approximately 50% of the identified mutations. Most other mutations occurred within the β′ subunit of RNAP. Approximately one-third of the identified mutation aligned directly with FDX interacting residues with
C. difficile
RNAP (7/20) with most of the remainder occurring within 5 Å of the binding residues.
C. difficile
strains with elevated FDX MIC align closely with the known RNAP binding residues. These data demonstrate the potential to identify genomic methods to identify emerging FDX resistance.
Adaptive immunity in
Mus musculus
influences the acquisition and abundance of
Borrelia burgdorferi
in
Ixodes scapularis
ticks
Authors: Koloski Cody W. , Adam Hesham , Hurry Georgia , Foley-Eby Alexandra , Zinck Christopher B. , Wei Haomiao , Hansra Satyender , Wachter Jenny , Voordouw Maarten J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

The Lyme disease spirochete
Borrelia burgdorferi
cycles between immature black-legged ticks (
Ixodes scapularis
) and vertebrate reservoir hosts, such as rodents. Larval ticks acquire spirochetes from infected hosts, and the resultant nymphs transmit the spirochetes to naïve hosts. This study investigated the impact of immunocompetence and host tissue spirochete load on host-to-tick transmission (HTT) of
B. burgdorferi
and the spirochete load inside immature
I. scapularis
ticks. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) were experimentally infected with
B. burgdorferi
. To measure HTT, WT and SCID mice were repeatedly infested with
I. scapularis
larvae, and ticks were sacrificed at three different developmental stages: engorged larvae, 1-month-old, and 12-month-old nymphs. The spirochete loads in immature ticks and mouse tissues were estimated using qPCR. In WT mice, HTT decreased from 90% to 65% over the course of the infection, whereas in the SCID mice, HTT was always 100%. Larvae that fed on SCID mice acquired a much larger dose of spirochetes compared to larvae that fed on WT mice. This difference in spirochete load persisted over tick development where nymphs that fed as larvae on SCID mice had significantly higher spirochete loads compared to their WT counterparts. HTT and the tick spirochete loads were strongly correlated with the mouse tissue spirochete loads. Our study shows that the host immune system (e.g., the presence of antibodies) influences HTT of
B. burgdorferi
and the spirochete load in immature
I. scapularis
ticks.

IMPORTANCE

The tick-borne spirochete
Borrelia burgdorferi
causes Lyme disease in humans. This pathogen is maintained in nature by cycles involving black-legged ticks and wildlife hosts. The present study investigated the host factors that influence the transmission of
B. burgdorferi
from infected hosts to feeding ticks. We infected immunocompetent mice and immunocompromised mice (that cannot develop antibodies) with
B. burgdorferi
and repeatedly infested these mice with ticks. We determined the percentage of infected ticks and their spirochete loads. This percentage was 100% for immunocompromised mice but decreased from 90% to 65% over time (8 weeks) for immunocompetent mice. The tick spirochete load was much higher in ticks fed on immunocompromised mice compared to ticks fed on immunocompetent mice. In summary, the host immune system influences the transmission of
B. burgdorferi
from infected hosts to ticks and the spirochete loads in those ticks, which, in turn, determines the risk of Lyme disease for people.
Complete genome sequence of
Flavobacterium
s
p. strain CFS9, a potential fish probiotic isolated from the body surface of
Silurus asotus
Authors: Kojima Miho , Tobioka Kaho , Okazaki Mika , Yokota Kiyonobu , Anggorowati Dien Arista , Nakatani Hajime , Hori Katsutoshi , Tamaru Yutaka , Okazaki Fumiyoshi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Flavobacterium
sp. strain CFS9, a potential fish probiotic isolated from the body surface of
Silurus asotus
. The
de novo
assembly revealed a chromosome size of 5,370,016 bp with an estimated 4,374 open reading frames.
mSphere of Influence: Venturing outside the biology canon with sex and gender
Authors: Prieto-Echagüe Victoria 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Victoria Prieto-Echagüe works in the field of signaling by primary cilia, adipogenesis, and obesity. In this mShpere of Influence article, she reflects on how gender studies, feminism, and societal movements such as #metoo may inform all areas of biomedical and health research. She describes how they inspired her to incorporate sex as a biological variable (SABV) principle to her research exploring sex-specific mechanisms in obesity and metabolic diseases and argues that incorporating SABV is crucial for advancing precision medicine and addressing healthcare inequities.
Chromatic aberration in homogeneous diameter expansion growth of AlN crystals by the PVT method
Authors: Qin Zuoyan , Li Wenliang , He Guangze , Tan Jun , Yin Liying , Ji Jianhua , Li Baikui , Sun Zhenhua , Wu Honglei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHomogeneous diameter expansion growth is the preferred method for preparing large-sized AlN single crystals using the PVT method. However, chromatic aberration between the expansion and seed regions, as well as localized chromatic aberrations within the expansion region, are commonly observed, but not deeply investigated yet. This paper investigates the homoepitaxial lateral growth of AlN crystals using Al-polar face seeds and analyzes the crystal structure, composition, and optical properties of both the expansion and seed regions. XRD and Raman spectroscopy indicate no significant differences in crystallization quality between the expansion and seed regions. XPS and photoluminescence characterizations reveal that the light yellow color of the seed region is mainly due to $$V_{Al}$$

V

Al

defects. In contrast, the deeper yellow color in the expansion region is caused by $$V_{Al}$$

V

Al

–$$O_N$$

O
N

complex defects. Additionally, etching results exhibit a polarity reversal from the Al-polar to N-polar growth face in localized chromatic aberration region. The bonding angle of approximately $${90}^\circ$$

90

∘

at the $$B_{1}$$

B
1

bond (formation by the half-filled orbitals of the Al and N atoms) site, which occurs during the bonding of Al and N atoms, results in the polarity reversal during m-plane lateral growth. This work provides implications for the preparation of large-sized AlN single crystals.
The Diffusive Lotka–Volterra Competitive Model with Advection Term: Exclusion, Coexistence and Multiplicity
Authors: Ma Li , Zhou Genjiao 
Published: November 2024

Earlier, the research was mainly focused on the classic diffusive two-species Lotka–Volterra competitive system (without advection). Averill et al. [ 2017 ] regarded a diffusive two-species Lotka–Volterra competitive system with advection term (with one species having a combination of random dispersal and biased movement upward along the resource gradient, while the other species adopts purely random dispersal). In this paper, we consider a more general diffusive two-species Lotka–Volterra competitive system with advection term (involving both species with a combination of random dispersal and biased movement upward along their respective resource gradients). By utilizing the theory of monotone dynamical systems, spectral analysis, methods of super- and sub-solutions and some nontrivial analytic skills, we finally obtain a rather deep understanding on the global dynamics. Moreover, our results reveal that the dynamical behavior of the system is very complex: exclusion, coexistence and bistability all may happen depending closely on the interspecific competition intensities. More interestingly, by bifurcation theory, we find that the system always admits multiple coexistence steady states when the interspecific competition intensities are near the critical point.
Enhanced Grain Boundary Resistance Resulting in High Permittivity and Low Dielectric Loss in CaCu3Ti4O12/LaNiO3
Authors: B. Ramakrishna , P. H. K. Charan , Ch. Jagadeesh , R. Neeraja , M. Ramanaiah 
Published: November 2024

(1-X) CaCu3Ti4O12 + (X) LaNiO3 composite ceramics were fabricated using pre-reacted calcium copper titanate CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and lanthanum nickelate LaNiO3 (LNO) and their crystallographic structure and morphology were studied to measure dielectric, impedance, and conductivity values. X-ray diffraction peaks show that CCTO/LNO composites are in a cubic structure. Scanning electron microscopy images show denser and more uniform grains with thin grain boundaries and a smaller average grain size. The permittivity of CCTO is stable in the range 102–106 Hz, but the composites show huge progress in permittivity by space charge polarization and relaxation in the range 103–104 Hz, demonstrating improved dielectric properties. The 0.98(CaCu3Ti4O12)+0.02(LaNiO3) sample showed a dielectric constant of 2.58 × 104 at 1 kHz, which is superior to pure CCTO (2.28 × 104 at 1 kHz). The electrical behaviour of the metallic filler on the composites was investigated using impedance spectroscopy analysis. The resistance of grain boundary increases with LNO. Activation energies were found to be 0.92, 0.95, and 0.90 eV for x = 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3, respectively, and these values are better than that of pristine CCTO (0.85 eV) sample. These results indicate that the prepared CCTO/LNO samples could be useul for high energy applications.
Sublingual Immunotherapy Decreased the Serum Levels of Interleukin‐36γ in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Qin Xiaowei , Wang Chunrui , Li Jueqi , Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhang Tianhong 
Published: November 2024

Background: Allergy immunotherapy (AIT), a treatment approach for allergic rhinitis (AR), is recognized for its potential to modify the disease course beyond mere symptom relief. Interleukin‐36γ (IL‐36γ), a key player in immune responses, has been implicated in promoting eosinophilic inflammation in AR by activating eosinophils. We aimed to investigate the effect of IL‐36γ on group II lymphoid cell (ILC2) in AR patients who underwent sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT).Methods: Twenty‐four AR patients were enrolled and administered with SLIT. Serum proteins of IL‐36γ, interleukin‐5 (IL‐5), and interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) during SLIT were quantitatively assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportion of ILC2 was determined by flow cytometry. Sorted ILC2s were stimulated by IL‐36γ and ILC2 cell differentiation, and type II cytokines expression were examined.Results: SLIT treatment decreased the serum protein levels of IL‐36γ, IL‐5, IL‐13, and the proportion of ILC2 significantly. IL‐36γ suppressed the proliferation of ILC2 by inhibiting the levels of ILC2 transcription factor. IL‐36γ also inhibited IL‐5 and IL‐13 expression from ILC2.Conclusion: The changes of IL‐36γ during SLIT were related to the inhibited function of ILC2, implying that IL‐36γ may be used as a new biomarker for monitoring the efficacy of SLIT in AR.
Relative Benefit of Dual Versus Single Antiplatelet Therapy Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation on Oral Anticoagulation According to Time After ACS and PCI: Insights From the AUGUSTUS Trial
Authors: Fanaroff Alexander C. , Wojdyla Daniel M. , Granger Christopher B. , Goodman Shaun G. , Aronson Ronald S. , Windecker Stephan , Mehran Roxana , Alexander John H. , Lopes Renato D. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
In the AUGUSTUS trial (An Open-Label, 2 x 2 Factorial, Randomized Controlled, Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Apixaban vs Vitamin K Antagonist and Aspirin vs Aspirin Placebo in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Acute Coronary Syndrome or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention), the combination of dual antiplatelet therapy plus oral anticoagulation increased the risk of bleeding without reducing ischemic events compared with a P2Y12 inhibitor plus oral anticoagulation among patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome or elective percutaneous coronary intervention. However, AUGUSTUS enrolled patients up to 14 days after acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention, and there may be a benefit to dual antiplatelet therapy plus oral anticoagulation early after an ischemic event.

METHODS:
In this secondary analysis of AUGUSTUS, we divided patients into groups based on whether they were enrolled <6 days (early) or ≥6 days (later) after their index acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention, and tested the interaction between time from the index event to enrollment and randomized treatment (apixaban versus vitamin K antagonist and aspirin versus placebo) on 30-day and 6-month clinical outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS:

Among 4605 patients enrolled in AUGUSTUS with data available on time from the index event to enrollment, the median time from the index event to enrollment was 6 (range, 0–14) days. There were no significant interactions between time from the index event and aspirin versus placebo on clinical outcomes at 30 days or 6 months, though patients with time from the index event <6 days had a nominally significant reduction in death or ischemic events at 30 days with aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.55 [95% CI, 0.30–0.99]), whereas patients with time from the index event ≥6 days did not (hazard ratio, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.54–1.43]; interaction
P
=0.23). There were no significant interactions between time from the index event and apixaban versus vitamin K antagonist on clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients with atrial fibrillation with acute coronary syndrome or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, there was no difference in the relative benefit of apixaban versus vitamin K antagonist or aspirin versus placebo when patients were enrolled early versus later after their index event.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02415400.
Enhancing Coronary Revascularization Decisions: The Promising Role of Large Language Models as a Decision-Support Tool for Multidisciplinary Heart Team
Authors: Sudri Karin , Motro-Feingold Iris , Ramon-Gonen Roni , Barda Noam , Klang Eyal , Fefer Paul , Amunts Sergei , Attia Zachi Itzhak , Alkhouli Mohamad , Segev Amitai , Cohen-Shelly Michal , Barbash Israel Moshe 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
While clinical practice guidelines advocate for multidisciplinary heart team (MDHT) discussions in coronary revascularization, variability in implementation across health care settings remains a challenge. This variability could potentially be addressed by language learning models like ChatGPT, offering decision-making support in diverse health care environments. Our study aims to critically evaluate the concordance between recommendations made by MDHT and those generated by language learning models in coronary revascularization decision-making.

METHODS:
From March 2023 to July 2023, consecutive coronary angiography cases (n=86) that were referred for revascularization (either percutaneous or surgical) were analyzed using both ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4. Case presentation formats included demographics, medical background, detailed description of angiographic findings, and SYNTAX score (Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery; I and II), which were presented in 3 different formats. The recommendations of the models were compared with those of an MDHT.

RESULTS:
ChatGPT-4 showed high concordance with decisions made by the MDHT (accuracy 0.82, sensitivity 0.8, specificity 0.83, and kappa 0.59), while ChatGPT-3.5 (0.67, 0.27, 0.84, and 0.12, respectively) showed lower concordance. Entropy and Fleiss kappa of ChatGPT-4 were 0.09 and 0.9, respectively, indicating high reliability and repeatability. The best correlation between ChatGPT-4 and MDHT was achieved when clinical cases were presented in a detailed context. Specific subgroups of patients yielded high accuracy (>0.9) of ChatGPT-4, including those with left main disease, 3 vessel disease, and diabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
The present study demonstrates that advanced language learning models like ChatGPT-4 may be able to predict clinical recommendations for coronary artery disease revascularization with reasonable accuracy, especially in specific patient groups, underscoring their potential role as a supportive tool in clinical decision-making.
Rhythmic Contractions of Lymph Vessels and Lymph Flow Are Disrupted in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Pal Soumiya , Bagchi Ashim K. , Henry David S. , Landes Reid D. , Mu Shengyu , Rhee Sung W. , Rusch Nancy J. , Stolarz Amanda J. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Hypertension increases the risk of lymphedema in patients with comorbidities, but whether hypertension directly compromises lymph vessel (LV) function and lymph flow is unclear. We compared the contractions of mesenteric LVs ex vivo and lymph flow in vivo between normotensive and Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertensive rats and explored the ionic basis of contractile patterns. Key studies were recapitulated in spontaneously hypertensive rats and control Wistar-Kyoto rats.

METHODS:
Video microscopy continuously recorded the diameters of cannulated rat mesenteric LVs, and high-speed optical imaging estimated mesenteric lymph flow in vivo. Jess capillary Western electrophoresis evaluated expression levels of ion channel proteins.

RESULTS:

Isolated LVs from Ang II-induced hypertensive rats exhibited dysrhythmic contractions, whereas LVs from both Ang II-induced hypertensive rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats exhibited reduced diastolic diameters and cross-sectional flow. Mesenteric lymph flow in vivo was 2.9-fold lower in Ang II-induced hypertensive rats compared with normotensive rats. Surprisingly, the LVs from Ang II-induced hypertensive rats expressed fewer intact L-type Ca
2+
channel pore proteins and more modulatory cleaved C-terminal fragments. However, pharmacological block of voltage-gated K
+
channels but not other K
+
channel types in control LVs established the pattern of contractile dysfunction observed in hypertension. Jess capillary Western electrophoresis analysis confirmed a loss of Shaker-type K
V
1.2 channels in LVs from hypertensive rats.

CONCLUSIONS:

We provide initial evidence of lymphatic contractile dysfunction and compromised lymph flow in hypertensive rats, which may be caused by a loss of K
V
1.2 channels in the lymphatic muscle cells.
Evolutionary Characteristics in Primary Aldosteronism Patients
Authors: Gao Yinjie , Wang Yu , Zhou Yue , Chang Xiaoyan , Zhang Yushi , Nie Min , Tong Anli 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Primary aldosteronism is predominantly caused by excessive aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex, and the aldosterone-producing structures could take many forms, like adenomas, nodules, micronodules, and so on. Most studies of primary aldosteronism were limited to the hotspot driver genes responsible for autonomous aldosterone production; however, the panoramic genetic architecture and genomic alterations of aldosterone-producing structures and their adjacent hyperplasia glands remain unknown.

METHODS:
In this study, whole-exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses were performed using functional nodules and matched hyperplasia tissues, which were microdissected guided by aldosterone synthase immunohistochemistry. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the shared and unique mutations, gene mutation spectrums, and clonal characteristics.

RESULTS:

The rates of mutations represented higher means of functional nodules than hyperplasia samples, and the little mutational overlap was shown between the 2 groups on phylogenetic trees. The mutations of the aldosterone driver gene (
KCNJ5
or
CACNA1D
) were only observed in functional nodules and indicated almost the largest values of cancer cell fraction. Moreover, the functional nodules also harbored some potential variants related to cell proliferation, which were not detected in hyperplasia tissues. Transcriptome analysis suggested that only 25.5% upregulated and 23.3% downregulated genes overlapped between functional nodules and hyperplasia tissues.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study demonstrated a genetic and transcriptome landscape of aldosterone-producing structures and adjacent hyperplasia glands in primary aldosteronism. The results indicated independent clonal origins on functional nodules and hyperplasia tissues, and little mutual evolutionary relationship was found on their phylogenetic trees.