bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase transitions in evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Cuesta Fernando Alcalde , Sequeiros Pablo González , Rojo Álvaro Lozano 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe evolutionary dynamics of a finite population where resident individuals are replaced by mutant ones depends on its spatial structure. The population adopts the form of an undirected graph where the place occupied by each individual is represented by a node and it is bidirectionally linked to the places that can be occupied by its clonal offspring. There are undirected graph structures that act as amplifiers of selection increasing the probability that the offspring of an advantageous mutant spreads through the graph reaching any node. But there also are undirected graph structures acting as suppressors of selection where, on the contrary, the fixation probability of an advantageous mutant is less than that of the same individual placed in a homogeneous population. Here, we show that some undirected graphs exhibit phase transitions between both evolutionary regimes when the mutant fitness varies. Firstly, as was already observed for small order random graphs, we show that most graphs of order 10 or less are amplifiers of selection or suppressors that become amplifiers from a unique transition phase. Secondly, we give examples of amplifiers of order 7 that become suppressors from some critical value. For graphs of order 6 and 7, we apply computer aided techniques to exactly determine their fixation probabilities and then their evolutionary regimes, as well as the exact critical values for which each graph changes its regime. A similar technique is used to explore a general method to suppress selection in bigger orders, namely from 8 to 15, up to some critical fitness value. The analysis of all graphs from order 8 to order 10 reveals a complex and rich evolutionary dynamics, which have not been examined in detail until now, and poses some new challenges in computing fixation probabilities and times of evolutionary graphs.
Human CD4+CD103+ cutaneous resident memory T cells are found in the circulation of healthy subjects
Authors: Klicznik M. M. , Morawski P. A. , Höllbacher B. , Varkhande S. R. , Motley S. , Kuri-Cervantes L. , Goodwin E. , Rosenblum M. D. , Long S. A. , Brachtl G. , Duhen T. , Betts M.R. , Campbell D. J. , Gratz I. K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) persist locally in non-lymphoid tissues where they provide front-line defense against recurring insults. TRM at barrier surfaces express the markers CD103 and/or CD69 which function to retain them in epithelial tissues. In humans, neither the long-term migratory behavior of TRM nor their ability to re-enter the circulation and potentially migrate to distant tissue sites have been investigated. Using tissue explant cultures, we found that CD4+CD69+CD103+ TRM in human skin can downregulate CD69 and exit the tissue.Additionally, we identified a skin-tropic CD4+CD69−CD103+ population in human lymph and blood that is transcriptionally, functionally and clonally related to the CD4+CD69+CD103+ TRM population in the skin. Using a skin xenograft model, we confirmed that a fraction of the human cutaneous CD4+CD103+ TRM population can re-enter circulation, and migrate to secondary human skin sites where they re-assume a TRM phenotype. Thus, our data challenge current concepts regarding the strict tissue compartmentalization of CD4+ T cell memory in humans.One Sentence SummaryHuman CD4+CD103+ cutaneous resident memory T cells are found in the circulation of healthy subjects, and these cells can seed distant skin sites.
Multiple infection of cells changes the dynamics of basic viral evolutionary processes
Authors: Wodarz Dominik , Levy David N. , Komarova Natalia L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe infection of cells by multiple copies of a given virus can impact virus evolution in a variety of ways, for example through recombination and reassortment, or through intra-cellular interactions among the viruses in a cell, such as complementation or interference. Surprisingly, multiple infection of cells can also influence some of the most basic evolutionary processes, which has not been studied so far. Here, we use computational models to explore how infection multiplicity affects the fixation probability of mutants, the rate of mutant generation, and the timing of mutant invasion. This is investigated for neutral, disadvantageous, and advantageous mutants. Among the results, we note surprising growth dynamics for neutral and disadvantageous mutants: Starting from a single mutant-infected cell, an initial growth phase is observed which is more characteristic of an advantageous mutant and is not observed in the absence of multiple infection. Therefore, in the short term, multiple infection increases the chances that neutral or dis-advantageous mutants are present. Following this initial growth phase, however, the mutant dynamics enter a second phase that is driven by neutral drift or negative selection, respectively, which determines the long-term fixation probability of the mutant. Contrary to the short-term dynamics, the probability of mutant fixation, and thus existence, is lower in the presence compared to the absence of multiple infection, and declines with infection multiplicity. Hence, while infection multiplicity promotes mutant existence in the short term, it makes it less likely in the longer term. Understanding of these dynamics is essential for the investigation of more complex viral evolutionary processes, for which the dynamics described here for the basis. We demonstrate relevance to the interpretation of experiments in the context of published data on phage φ6 evolution at low and high multiplicities.
The thin plate spline collocation method for solving integro-differential equations arisen from the charged particle motion in oscillating magnetic fields
Authors: Assari Pouria 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to obtain a scheme for the numerical solution of Volterra integro-differential equations with time periodic coefficients deduced from the charged particle motion for certain configurations of oscillating magnetic fields.

Design/methodology/approach
The method reduces the solution of these types of integro-differential equations to the solution of two-dimensional Volterra integral equations of the second kind. The new method uses the discrete collocation method together with thin plate splines constructed on a set of scattered points as a basis.

Findings
The scheme can be easily implemented on a computer and has a computationally attractive algorithm. Numerical examples are included to show the validity and efficiency of the new technique.

Originality/value
The author uses thin plate splines as a type of free-shape parameter radial basis functions which establish an effective and stable method to solve electromagnetic integro-differential equations. As the scheme does not need any background meshes, it can be identified as a meshless method.
An exploration into design criteria for affordable housing in Malaysia
Authors: Olanrewaju AbdulLateef , Tan Seong Yeow 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe establishment of design criteria is an important activity in the initial phase of housing development. A lack of adequate information regarding design criteria will result in poor satisfaction of homebuyers, pre-occupancy obsolescence, high maintenance costs, property overhang and the abandonment of houses. In Malaysia, many of these consequences are prevalent. However, while information on homeowners’ requirements is inconclusive, paper aims to investigate the criteria upon which design teams/developers base their decisions in the design of affordable housing.Design/methodology/approachThe present research conducted a cross-sectional survey questionnaire comprising 25 design criteria administered to 200 stakeholders in the housing industry. The design criteria were determined through a weighted mean. The associations between the criteria were analysed through a principal component analysis.FindingsThe results found that safety and security of home occupants and property, maintenance costs, noise and nuisance minimisation, extent of future modifications and waste disposal were the five major design criteria. Factor analysis narrowed down the 25 criteria to six factors, which explained 77 per cent of the total variance. The six underlying factors named of significance were operating costs, sustainability, comfort, neighbourhood, transportation and spatial. The findings also indicated that the design teams/developers paid little attention to a few critical design criteria.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should involve a large sample size and increase the design criteria.Practical implicationsThe study is important for improving homebuyers’ satisfactions because it provides information design team and developers decision-making factors.Originality/valueThis study is the first to address design criteria of affordable housing in Malaysia and elsewhere. This research provides fresh information on design management of affordable housing. The findings will be useful to policymakers, urban planners, place managers, design consultants and developers.
Cultural competence and relational closeness: examining refugee education
Authors: Nordgren R.D. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical and current accounting of the state of refugee education in both the USA and Sweden. The growing diaspora of people around the globe implores educators to utilize effective models and strategies to meet the needs of refugees, as well as to advocate policies that aid in this utilization. Sweden has the highest rate of refugee acceptance in Europe, and the USA has the greatest number of immigrants in the west.

Design/methodology/approach
A review of the literature formatted to provide the reader with a historical accounting of the states of refugee education in both host nations, as well as the current states. Strategies and promising policies are introduced based on the literature and the author’s own research conducted in Sweden.

Findings
The paper addresses the history and present situations of two host nations, Sweden and the USA, who have differing education systems and histories of immigration. Concerns and two possible solutions offered were to increase opportunities for interaction between native and refugee populations; and bolster funding for the education of refugee school-age children and adolescents, and adults so that effective strategies and environment described in the literature can be put into place by effectively trained educators. These solutions could improve the cultural competence among all peoples in both nations, better enabling the two countries to provide economically and socially sustainable environments for all of their inhabitants.

Research limitations/implications
The examination of these two nations’ education of refugees may shed light on the worldwide challenges of refugees and mass immigration.

Practical implications
The solutions offered in the paper could improve the cultural competence among all peoples in both nations, better enabling the two countries to provide economically and socially sustainable environments for all of their inhabitants.

Originality/value
A comparison of US refugee education with that of a high-volume European host nation does not yet appear to have been published.
Medical commitment to Lean: an inductive model development
Authors: Fournier Pierre-Luc , Jobin Marie-Hélène 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the factors influencing doctors’ involvement in Lean change initiatives in public healthcare organizations in Canada.

Design/methodology/approach
An inductive research was conducted over a three-year span studying Lean implementation across three healthcare organizations in Canada. Various interviews were conducted with healthcare actors. Through analytical induction, analysis of the data allowed for multiple factors to be triangulated from which a conceptual model was developed.

Findings
Fifty-four interviews with 18 Lean healthcare actors allowed for the identification of ten factors possibly influencing the commitment of doctors towards Lean change. These factors are categorized into pre-change antecedents and change antecedents. Also, the level of transformational leadership demonstrated by a project manager was shown to potentially moderate the effect of medical behavioral support for change on change outcomes. These findings allowed us to develop a conceptual model of medical commitment and its impact of Lean change outcomes.

Originality/value
The paper investigates the role doctors play in Lean implementation, currently an important issue discussed among healthcare actors and researchers. Yet, very little academic research has been published on this subject.
Climate change initiatives in Mexico: a review
Authors: Silva Rodríguez de San Miguel Jorge Alejandro 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the measures taken by the Mexican Government in relation to the country’s climate change and its management to improve it.Design/methodology/approachMuch of the information which has guided this review was sourced from official documents referred to the climate change initiatives in Mexico, especially technical reports and working papers. The selection of literature was considered based on its recency, academic importance and veracity. The studies selected mainly ranged from 2001 to 2017.FindingsThis review finds that further research is required to assess Mexico’s climate change efforts objectively, which will help to ascertain if the nation’s plans and commitment are as ambitious and strong as the country claims.Research limitations/implicationsMost of the literature considered in this review was sourced from official documents and has not been subject to extensive academic peer review to guarantee that national decision and policy making are based on reliable scientific knowledge.Originality/valueMexico is one of the first countries to introduce a law dedicated to climate change, and its inclusion of short-term climate pollutants in its National Climate Change Strategy makes it more ambitious than that of many other Latin American countries. However, literature on the subject is limited and fragmented.
Assessing what police officers do “on the job”: toward a “public values” approach
Authors: Caputo Tullio , McIntyre Michael Louis , Wang Lucy Meng Yi , Hodgkinson Tarah K. 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a test in a policing context of a performance assessment tool that is based on a “public values” approach. The Capability, Importance, and Value (CIV) Tool allows police organizations to examine the roles their members carry out to determine whether they are being capably done, are important, and deliver value to stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
Five focus groups were conducted with front line officers from a large Canadian police service. The focus group process incorporated elements of Appreciative Inquiry and Structured Brainstorming.

Findings
Valuable information can be collected from front line police officers with the CIV Tool. Police organizations could use this information to improve performance while ensuring that the roles undertaken by their members align with broader organizational goals and objectives including providing value to stakeholders.

Research limitations/implications
This study was designed as a limited test of the CIV Tool. More extensive testing is required with a larger sample that includes police investigators and members of other specialty units.

Practical implications
The CIV Tool can serve to augment existing police performance measurement strategies. It can help to identify which roles contribute to achieving organizational goals and which do not. Based on this information, ameliorative action can be taken.

Social implications
A “public values” approach places emphasis on stakeholder needs and expectations. Addressing these directly can result in enhanced performance as well as greater police transparency, responsiveness, and accountability.

Originality/value
Ongoing police performance assessment based on a “public values” approach is uncommon in policing. Its use has important implications for police organizations and their stakeholders.
Metabolic potential of microbial communities from ferruginous sediments
Authors: Vuillemin Aurèle , Horn Fabian , Friese André , Winkel Matthias , Alawi Mashal , Wagner Dirk , Henny Cynthia , Orsi William D. , Crowe Sean A. , Kallmeyer Jens 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFerruginous (Fe‐rich, SO4‐poor) conditions are generally restricted to freshwater sediments on Earth today, but were likely widespread during the Archean and Proterozoic Eons. Lake Towuti, Indonesia, is a large ferruginous lake that likely hosts geochemical processes analogous to those that operated in the ferruginous Archean ocean. The metabolic potential of microbial communities and related biogeochemical cycling under such conditions remain largely unknown. We combined geochemical measurements (pore water chemistry, sulfate reduction rates) with metagenomics to link metabolic potential with geochemical processes in the upper 50 cm of sediment. Microbial diversity and quantities of genes for dissimilatory sulfate reduction (dsrAB) and methanogenesis (mcrA) decrease with increasing depth, as do rates of potential sulfate reduction. The presence of taxa affiliated with known iron‐ and sulfate‐reducers implies potential use of ferric iron and sulfate as electron acceptors. Pore‐water concentrations of acetate imply active production through fermentation. Fermentation likely provides substrates for respiration with iron and sulfate as electron donors and for methanogens that were detected throughout the core. The presence of ANME‐1 16S and mcrA genes suggests potential for anaerobic methane oxidation. Overall our data suggest that microbial community metabolism in anoxic ferruginous sediments support coupled Fe, S and C biogeochemical cycling.
Effect of inoculation with a microbial consortium that degrades organic acids on the composting efficiency of food waste
Authors: Song Caihong , Zhang Yali , Xia Xunfeng , Qi Hui , Li Mingxiao , Pan Hongwei , Xi Beidou 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn order to overcome the excessive acidification problem, a microbial consortium for the degradation of organic acids (MCDOA), which acts synergistically in degrading organic acids, was developed and used as an inoculum to improve the efficiency of food waste composting. MCDOA could eliminate the initial lag phase of the pile temperature rise because of excessive acidification and effectively shorten the composting period. Fluorescence regional integration analysis of the excitation‐emission matrix spectra of dissolved organic matter showed that compared with raw material, in compost with MCDOA inoculation, the percent fluorescence response (Pi,n) values of Regions I, II and IV decreased by 95.11%, 94.19% and 87.41%, respectively, and Pi,n of Region V increased by 172.57%. The decreased and increased levels were markedly higher than in the two control groups (MgO and K2HPO4 treatment, and uninoculated compost). These findings revealed that MCDOA accelerated the degradation of proteinaceous compounds and the formation of complicated humic‐like materials. Bacterial profiles implied that MCDOA could improve the indigenous bacterial community structure and diversities of acetic and propionic acid‐degrading and lignin‐degrading bacteria, which might account for the high composting efficiency and degree of humification of the inoculated compost.
MiR‐146a levels in rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation with disease activity: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Bae Sang‐Cheol , Lee Young H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between miR‐146a levels and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the correlation with RA activity.MethodsFor the meta‐analysis, we searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases, comparing miR‐146a levels in patients with RA and controls, and correlation coefficients between miR‐146a levels and Disease Activity Score for 28 joints (DAS28) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in patients with RA.ResultsFourteen studies, totaling 683 patients with RA and 477 controls, were available. miR‐146a levels were significantly higher in the RA group than in the control group (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.546, 95% CI = 0.033–1.059, P = 0.037). Stratification by adjustment for age and/or sex revealed significantly higher miR‐146a levels in the adjusted, but not in the non‐adjusted group (SMD = 0.747, 95% CI = 0.094–1.400, P = 0.025; SMD = 0.431, 95% CI = −0.430–1.291, P = 0.326, respectively). Stratification by sample size showed significantly higher miR‐146a levels in RA groups of large sample sizes (N ≥ 50), but not in those of small size. miR‐146a levels in synovial tissue/fluid were significantly higher in the RA group than in the OA group (SMD = 1.305, 95% CI = 1010–1.639, P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between miR‐146a levels and ESR (correlation coefficient = 0.534, 95% CI = 0.029–0.822, P = 0.039).ConclusionsCirculating and synovial tissue/fluid miR‐146a levels are high in patients with RA, and circulating miR‐146a levels positively correlate with ESR.
Case Series: Choreoathetoid movements associated with methamphetamine: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Das Aparna , Price Daniel , Clothier Jeffrey 
Published: July 2018

Background and ObjectivesPhysicians and psychiatrists often encounter patients in the emergency department presenting after methamphetamine use. While physical and psychiatric manifestations associated with methamphetamine use are well known, movement disorders are relatively less common. The aim of this case report is to add to existing literature awareness about the possibility of movement disorders occurring after methamphetamine use, discuss the possible mechanism by which such use leads to dyskinesia, and describe possible management strategies.Methods and ResultsIn this case report, we describe choreoathetoid movements occurring in a young female after relatively short‐term methamphetamine use.Discussion and ConclusionsEvidence for treatment of methamphetamine induced choreoathetosis is limited. Expectant management of such symptoms is a viable option if there are no additional comorbidities that require therapy.Scientific SignificanceClinicians should be alert to the possibility of movement disorders in methamphetamine users and familiar with treatment options. (Am J Addict 2018;27:364–367)