bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemakaian Bahasa Batak Toba di Lingkungan Pendidikan
Authors: Simatupang Ruth Remilani , Rohmadi Muhammad , Saddhono Kundharu 
Published: July 2019

The used of code-switching in learning Indonesian was an overview of the situation of how the interaction between students and teacher in learning. Code-switching used in regards to communicating certainly have functions. This study aimed to describe function code switching used by speakers at SMK of Marisi Medan. This research was a descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of study were the teacher and students. The objects were utterances of code-switching in Indonesian language learning at Vacational High School of Marisi Medan. Validity data technique used triangulation of data source and informant review. Data collection used listen and speak methods. Data analysis using the intralingual method. The result of research showed that function of code-switching at the time of process of Indonesian language learning are explained, reminded, reprimanded, emphasized, and asked.
BETONARME BİNALARIN DEPREME KARŞI DAVRANIŞINDA DOLGU DUVARLARIN VE SÖNÜMLEYİCİ SİSTEMLERİN ETKİSİ
Authors: ÇELEBİ Oğuzhan , BEYEN Kemal 
Published: July 2019

Betonarme bina tasarımı ve performans
değerlendirmesi yapılırken dolgu duvarların sönümleyici etkisi göz önüne
alınarak modellenmesi ve yapı sönüm karakteristiği bu çalışmada tartışılmıştır.
Riskli yapıların tespit edilmesine
ilişkin esaslara göre dolgu duvarın betonarme bina davranışına katkısı çalışma
yapısı üstünde incelenmiştir. Betonarme
bina mod birleştirme yöntemiyle Türk deprem yönetmeliğinde verilen tasarım
depremi için analiz edilerek uygun dolgu duvar özelliklerine karar verilmiştir.
Belirlenen dolgu duvar ile modellenmiş
çalışma yapısı zaman tanım alanında yerel üç farklı deprem kaydı ile analiz
edilerek en hasarlı davranışı gösteren deprem şartlarında binada dolgu duvar
katkısı duvarlı ve duvarsız modellenmiş çalışma yapısında nümerik olarak
gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmanın safhalarında
sönümleyici sistemler ele alınarak dolgu duvarlar ile analitik sonuçları
karşılaştırılmalı olarak tartışılmış fayda zarar sonuçları gösterilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, kritik kat (zemin kat)
seviyesindeki kolonların ötelenme, kesme kuvvetleri ve eleman gerilme güç
yitimleri üzerinden performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Dolgu duvarların bir
binanın performans değerlendirilmesinde veya tasarımında bir yapı elemanı
olarak kullanılmasında kolon kesme taleplerinde önemli farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır.
Dolgu duvar malzemesinin basınç dayanımı arttıkça depremden gelen kesme
kuvvetlerinin arttığını ve kolon kesme kuvvetlerinin azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir.
PERANAN DIREKTUR INDEPENDEN DALAM MEWUJUDKAN GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PADA PERUSAHAAN PUBLIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Supriatna Alviani , Ermond Baruga 
Published: July 2019

Dalam rangka mendorong implementasi prinsip Good Corporate Governance, maka pada Perusahaan Publik sekarang ini, tidak hanya mengenal adanya Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit, dan Sekretaris Perusahaan (Corporate Secretary), namun juga dikenal “Direktur independen” atau Independent Director yang duduk dalam jajaran pengurus perseroan. Peranannya adalah sebagai penyeimbang dari direktur-direktur terafiliasi lainnya dan pengakomodir pemangku kepentingan, baik kepentingan pemegang saham mayoritas, minoritas, dan publik serta memastikan pemenuhan prinsip-prinsip Good Corporate Governance. Perusahaan yang memiliki tata kelola perusahaan yang baik dan Dewan Direksi yang efektif menarik investor dan memastikan investasi. Pentingnya keberadaan direktur independen dalam suatu perusahaan public juga ditegaskan dalam Surat Edaran Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Nomor: SE-00001/BEI/02-2014 tentang Penjelasan Mengenai Masa Jabatan Komisaris Independen dan Direktur Independen Perusahan Tercatat, yang merupakan tindak lanjut dari diberlakukannya Surat Keputusan Direksi Bursa Efek Indonesia Nomor Kep-00001/BEI/01-2014 Perihal Perubahan Peraturan Nomor I-A Tentang Pencatatan Saham Dan Efek Bersifat Ekuitas Selain Saham Yang Diterbitkan Oleh Perusahaan Tercatat.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN ANGKUTAN BERBASIS ONLINE TERHADAP KEHILANGAN BARANG KONSUMEN DALAM JASA PENGIRIMAN BARANG
Authors: Lestari Marcella Agustia , Nugroho Andriyanto Adhi 
Published: July 2019

Perusahaan angkutan berbasis online dalam layanan jasa pengiriman barang yang berperan sebagai pelaku usaha dalam menjalankan usahanya mempunyai kewajiban dan tanggung jawab yang sesuai dengan Undang-Undang No.8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Adapun upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh oleh konsumen yang telah dirugikan akibat kehilangan barang yaitu melalui jalur non litigasi atau di luar pengadilan yaitu melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen karena melalui jalur ini konsumen dapat menyelesaikan sengketanya dengan waktu yang relatif cepat, biaya hemat, dan kerahasiaan konsumen terjamin. Selain itu apabila jalur non litigasi gagal dilakukan dapat dilakukan upaya penyelesaian melalui litigasi atau melalui pengadilan.
SILVERRUSH. VII. Subaru/HSC Identifications of Protocluster Candidates at z ∼ 6–7: Implications for Cosmic Reionization
Authors: Higuchi Ryo , Ouchi Masami , Ono Yoshiaki , Shibuya Takatoshi , Toshikawa Jun , Harikane Yuichi , Kojima Takashi , Chiang Yi-Kuan , Egami Eiichi , Kashikawa Nobunari , Overzier Roderik , Konno Akira , Inoue Akio K. , Hasegawa Kenji , Fujimoto Seiji , Goto Tomotsugu , Ishikawa Shogo , Ito Kei , Komiyama Yutaka , Tanaka Masayuki 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We report 14 and 26 protocluster candidates at z = 5.7 and 6.6 over 14 and 16 deg2 areas, respectively, selected from 2230 (259) Lyα emitters (LAEs) photometrically (spectroscopically) identified using Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) deep images (Keck, Subaru, and Magellan spectra, and literature data). Six out of the 40 protocluster candidates include one to 13 spectroscopically confirmed LAEs. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations to estimate how many protocluster candidates are found by chance for randomly distributed sources, and find that the effective number of protocluster candidates at z = 5.7 (6.6) is six (five). By comparing with the cosmological Lyα radiative transfer (RT) model reproducing the LAEs with reionization effects, we find that more than half of these protocluster candidates are progenitors of present-day clusters with mass of

. We then investigate the correlation between the LAE overdensity δ and the Lyα rest-frame equivalent width

, because the cosmological Lyα RT model suggests that the slope of the

–δ relation steepens toward the epoch of cosmic reionization (EoR), due to the existence of ionized bubbles around galaxy overdensities easing the escape of Lyα emission from the partly neutral intergalactic medium. The available HSC data suggest that the slope of the

–δ correlation does not evolve from the post-reionization epoch, z = 5.7, to the EoR, z = 6.6, beyond the moderately large statistical errors. There is a possibility that we could detect the evolution of the

–δ relation from z = 5.7 to 7.3 using the upcoming HSC observations that will provide large samples of LAEs at z = 6.6–7.3.
Different Signatures of Chromospheric Evaporation in Two Solar Flares Observed with IRIS
Authors: Li Y. , Ding M. D. , Hong J. , Li H. , Gan W. Q. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present different signatures of chromospheric evaporation in two solar flares observed by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). In the B1.6 flare on 2016 December 6 (SOL2016-12-06T10:40), the transition region Si iv line and the chromospheric C ii and Mg ii lines show blueshifts with low velocities up to 20 km s−1 at the flare loop footpoints in the rise phase, indicative of a gentle chromospheric evaporation. While in the C1.6 flare on 2015 December 19 (SOL2015-12-19T10:51), the Si iv, C ii, and Mg ii lines exhibit redshifts with velocities from several to tens of km s−1 at the footpoints, which might suggest an explosive chromospheric evaporation. Explosive evaporation has been observed in many flares that were captured by IRIS; however, gentle evaporation, especially manifested as blueshifts in the cool Si iv, C ii, and Mg ii lines, has scarcely been reported. Our results bring some new insights into chromospheric evaporation in the IRIS era.
On the Anisotropy of Galactic Cosmic Rays
Authors: Schlickeiser R. , Oppotsch J. , Zhang M. , Pogorelov N. V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the interstellar medium at rest, containing low-frequency magnetohydrodynamic linearly polarized slab Alfvén waves, the anisotropy of relativistic galactic cosmic rays consists of two parts: the streaming anisotropy g

s
(z, p,μ), caused by the spatial gradient of the isotropic part of the cosmic ray distribution function, and the interstellar Compton–Getting anisotropy

, caused by the momentum gradient of the isotropic part of the cosmic ray distribution function. Both anisotropies depend differently on the cosmic ray pitch-angle cosine μ, cosmic ray momentum p, and cross-helicity state H

c
of the Alfvenic slab turbulence. First, the streaming anisotropy is independent from H

c
and varies as

with η = 2 − s, where s denotes the power-law spectral index of interstellar turbulence. Second, the interstellar Compton–Getting anisotropy

is independent of momentum and linearly proportional to

. These different pitch-angle dependencies can be tested by the Liouville mapping technique to infer the pristine interstellar cosmic ray anisotropy from measurements inside the solar system. For cosmic rays with energy of 4 TeV the derived pristine interstellar cosmic ray anisotropy suggest the linear (

) pitch-angle dependence. This is well explained by the interstellar Compton–Getting anisotropy, provided the Alfvén speed in the local interstellar medium is about 62 km s−1.
Milky Way Tomography with the SkyMapper Southern Survey. I. Atmospheric Parameters and Distances of One Million Red Giants
Authors: Huang Y. , Chen B.-Q. , Yuan H.-B. , Zhang H.-W. , Xiang M.-S. , Wang C. , Wang H.-F. , Wolf C. , Liu G.-C. , Liu X.-W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Accurate determinations of atmospheric parameters (effective temperature T
eff, surface gravity log g, and metallicity [Fe/H]) and distances for large complete samples are of vital importance for various Galactic studies. We have developed a photometric method to select red giant stars and estimate their atmospheric parameters from the photometric colors provided by SkyMapper Southern Survey (SMSS) data release (DR) 1.1, using stars in common with the LAMOST Galactic spectroscopic surveys as a training set. Distances are estimated with two different approaches: one based on the Gaia DR2 parallaxes for nearby (d ≤ 4.5 kpc) bright stars and another based on the absolute magnitudes predicted by intrinsic color (g − i)0 and photometric metallicity [Fe/H] for distant (d > 4.5 kpc) faint stars. Various tests show that our method is capable of delivering atmospheric parameters with a precision of ∼80 K for T
eff, ∼ 0.18 dex for [Fe/H], and ∼0.35 dex for log g but with a significant systematic error at log g ∼ 2.3. For distances delivered from (g − i)0 and photometric [Fe/H], our test with the member stars of globular clusters show a median uncertainty of 16% with a negligible zero-point offset. Using this method, the atmospheric parameters and distances of nearly one million red giant stars are derived from SMSS DR1.1. Proper motion measurements from Gaia DR2 are available for almost all of the red giant stars, and radial velocity measurements from several large spectroscopic surveys are available for 44% of these. This sample will be accessible at https://yanghuang0.wixsite.com/yangh/research.
Viollet-le-Duc is back. Usages fragmentaires d’une œuvre kaléidoscopique (1964-1980)
Authors: Gaussuin Bérénice 
Published: July 2019

En 1964, une exposition discrète à Paris célèbre les 150 ans de la naissance de Viollet-le-Duc. En 1979-1980, le centenaire de la mort de l’architecte est célébré par une multitude d’événements dont une grande exposition au Grand Palais. Ces deux jalons sont les bornes d’un « moment Viollet-le-Duc » et ont été l’occasion d’un travail monographique sur son œuvre. En effet, pendant la première partie du XXe siècle, il essuie de violentes attaques, en particulier au sujet de ses restaurations de monuments historiques et de ses raisonnements jugés pseudo-scientifiques sur l’architecture gothique, attaques qui passent sous silence le théoricien du rationalisme. Le retour de Viollet-le-Duc est d’abord timide dans les années soixante, mais la remise en question du mouvement moderne est une des dynamiques poussant à la relecture de l’architecte. Par ailleurs, le structuralisme entrant dans l’architecture puis les recherches des néo-rationalistes, contribuent avec les travaux des historiens au rétablissement de Viollet-le-Duc dans un état complet.
De quoi la compétence dans l'œuvre de John Dewey est-elle le nom ?
Authors: Point Christophe 
Published: July 2019

La notion de compétence divise la communauté scientifique des sciences de l'éducation. Mais que ce soit pour la promouvoir ou pour la rejeter, John Dewey est régulièrement convoqué mais sans revenir avec beaucoup de précision sur ses écrits mêmes au sein des commentaires. Aussi le problème que nous souhaitons traiter par ce travail est le suivant : que signifie véritablement le concept de compétence pour John Dewey ? Notre hypothèse est que nous trouverons la définition la plus complète de John Dewey en fonction des conséquences implicites de cette notion sur le projet d'éducation général de notre auteur. Nous présenterons dans un premier temps trois éléments de définition de cette notion de compétence au sein de l'œuvre de John Dewey : agir en situation, avec efficacité et avec sagesse. Cela dans le but de saisir dans une courte seconde partie la notion de compétence dans son ensemble à partir d'un exemple surprenant de notre auteur : celui de la chasse des Aborigènes d'Australie.
L’écriture à l’université : un outil pour conceptualiser
Authors: Clauzard Philippe 
Published: July 2019

Notre contribution interroge les effets de l’activité d’écriture en formation des adultes, et plus particulièrement les effets des écrits réflexifs avec le « journal des apprentissages ». Ce sont des écrits pour soi, qui sont aussi adressés à l’évaluation du formateur. Pour reprendre Crinon (2000), nous pensons que les écrits de travail conduisent à penser, à apprendre et à se construire. L’écriture est ainsi un outil de développement de la pensée, relatif aux objets de savoir et aux contenus du cours. L’objet de notre étude est de démontrer comment ces écrits favorisent quelques montées en abstraction, en généralisation et transferts sur une aire transitionnelle de formation de concepts ; comment permettent-ils une élaboration conceptuelle, une secondarisation des objets (Bautier, 2005) ? L’écriture à l’université informe l’enseignant comme l’étudiant de leurs marges de progression, dans la prestation de l’un et l’apprentissage de l’autre. L’avis que nous défendons ici est qu’elle stimule une posture réflexive.
Le rapport à l’écriture en groupe
Authors: Dubois Arnaud 
Published: July 2019

Cet article présente quelques pistes d’élaboration théoriques sur le rapport à l’écriture dans un groupe d’analyse de pratiques professionnelles : le groupe d’écriture monographique. Ce dispositif est d’abord situé par rapport à d’autres dans lesquels alternent temps d’écriture et temps d’élaboration en groupe. L’article propose ensuite de considérer ce type de dispositif comme un groupe à médiation, prenant appui sur les propositions théoriques forgées par l’école dite « lyonnaise » de psychologie clinique. Cette proposition lui permet d’envisager le(s) rapport(s) à l’écriture dans ce groupe d’analyse de pratiques, comme relevant de certaines formes de transfert sur le médium malléable que constitue l’écriture. Cette recherche porte sur un seul cas clinique : le matériel recueilli est constitué de deux monographies rédigées à près de dix ans d’intervalle par la même étudiante, et d’un entretien. Dans cette contribution, l’analyse se centre sur les transferts multilatéraux, à l’œuvre dans ce groupe. L’analyse d’une monographie écrite dans un groupe d’étudiants inscrits en Formation de formateurs est l’occasion de formuler des hypothèses nouvelles sur les transferts dans ce type de groupe.
The Effectiveness of Internal Controls in Rural Community Banks: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Jianguo Du , Ibrahim Rauf , Yao Peter Lartey , Santosh Rupa Jaladi , Kwabena Amponsah Clinton 
Published: July 2019

Internal control is relevant in every business establishment, though its presence may not be a guarantee that fraud and corporate scandals would cease to occur. From the rural banking communities in Ghana, this study examines the significance of internal control element on the performance of elected rural banks. The statistical analysis and inferential judgment is based on the responses gathered from 650 bank employees on the functioning of internal controls. Based on the quantitative results and analysis, the study found a highly significant relationship between internal controls and performance of banks with respect to the principles prescribed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission framework –COSO. There exist a very strong internal control systems in the rural banks of Ghana, however monitoring, control activities and issues of corporate governance need to be addressed.
Educación e inserción social: problemática actual de la educación en adolescentes y jóvenes bajo medidas de internamiento en El Salvador
Authors: Ventura Edgar 
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo constituye un diagnóstico de la situación actual referente a la atención educativa que reciben los menores de edad en los Centros Educativos adscritos a los Centros de Inserción Social (CIS) en El Salvador. El trabajo sigue una metodología de análisis y reflexión de la situación global de la educación en lo referente a acceso y permanencia en los primeros años de escolaridad; reseña las principales características del proceso educativo en los CIS que ponen de manifiesto las virtudes y limitantes del mismo para conseguir la efectiva inserción social de los jóvenes sujetos de cometimiento de delitos identificando, entre otros aspectos, dos limitantes decisivas que son la falta de especialización docente en educación en contextos de encierro y la inexistencia de lineamientos específicos que orienten el tratamiento educativo. Finalmente, concluye con recomendaciones básicas orientadas al mejoramiento de los procesos socio educativos que tienen lugar en los CIS.
Revista de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales No.7, 2016: 77-110
RESEARCH OF NORMAL CONTACT STIFFNESS OF STRADDLE-TYPE MONORAIL TYRES BASED ON FRACTAL THEORY
Authors: Junchao Zhou 
Published: July 2019

The contact stiffness of on the rough surface of tread interaction (tire-track) ,a significant parameter for the tire-track contact surface, gives rise to direct influences on stiffness and noises of tyres. There is no sufficient theoretical support for the wheel face design due to lack of research on this parameter. To solve this problem, an innovative method based on the fractal theory and the Hertz contact theory is proposed to estimate tread interaction contact stiffness. The fractal theory model is established to research the influencing factors on normal contact stiffness on the tread surface. Finite element analysis and physical tests have been conducted to make comparisons about the model. According to research results, there is a non-linear relationship between the contact stiffness and the fractal dimension. The research provides theoretical basis for tyre dynamics of straddle-type monorail vehicles and design of the track contact dynamics.
The Tallinn Manuals and the Making of the International Law on Cyber Operations
Authors: Tanodomdej Papawadee 
Published: July 2019

The Tallinn Manuals (the Manuals) attempted to clarify how to apply existing international law to cyber operations. Though the Manuals are non-binding instruments, the Group of International Experts claimed that they reflected the lex lata applicable to cyber operations. However, this claim is questionable due to the dominating role of a few Western states in the drafting process and the linked neglect of the practice of “affected states” in cyber operations. This article examines the quality of the Manuals’ drafting process and the composition and impartiality of the experts involved. It focuses on the issue of the prohibition of the use of force. The aim of this examination is not to discuss whether the Manuals provided the right answer to the question of how international law applies to cyber operations. Rather, they function as a case study of how legal scholarship may affect the making of international law. The article concludes that certain rules in the Manuals are marked by NATO influence and overlook the practice of other states engaged in cyber operations. Therefore, the Manuals disregard the generality of state practice, which should be the decisive factor in the formation of customary international law. As far as “political activism” may be involved, the article argues that the role of legal scholars as assistants to the cognition of international law could be compromised.
Non-financial reporting in the public sector: alternatives, trends and opportunities
Authors: Montesinos Vicente , Brusca Isabel 
Published: July 2019

In recent years, different non-financial information models have arisen, both in the private and public sectors, trying to complete the traditional financial reports prepared by companies and public administrations. The fundamental objective of these models has been to satisfy the interest of the stakeholders, which goes beyond the numbers included in the balance sheet and the income statement. In the case of the public sector, this is coupled with the discontent and distrust of citizens towards politicians and administrators of institutions, which makes it necessary to emphasize tools and strategies that can improve the transparency and accountability of administrations and restore citizen trust. Therefore, this article highlights the different non-financial information alternatives that have emerged in the literature, their practical application in the public sector and the opportunities that these models offer for the future. Specifically, we refer to sustainability reporting, integrated reporting, the non-financial report recently regulated for the business sector and, finally, popular reporting.
En los últimos años han irrumpido con fuerza distintos modelos de información no financiera, tanto en el sector privado como en el público, tratando de completar el tradicional informe financiero preparado por empresas y administraciones públicas. El objetivo fundamental de estos modelos ha sido satisfacer el interés del conjunto amplio de los stakeholders, que va más allá de los números recogidos en el balance de situación y la cuenta de resultados. En el caso del sector público, a esto se une el descontento generalizado y la desconfianza de los ciudadanos hacia los políticos y administradores de las instituciones, lo que hace necesario poner el acento en todas aquellas herramientas y estrategias que puedan perfeccionar la transparencia y responsabilidad de las administraciones y reintegrar la confianza de sus administrados. Por ello, en este artículo se ponen de relieve las distintas alternativas de información no financiera que han ido surgiendo en la literatura, su aplicación práctica en el ámbito del sector público y las oportunidades que estos modelos ofrecen para el futuro. En concreto nos referimos a la información sostenible, la información integrada, la información popular y por último, al informe no financiero regulado en nuestra normativa para el sector empresarial.