bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrinolytic Response in Retinal vein Occlusion and Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: De Rosa V. , Pe-duzzi M. , Montanari F. , Coccheri S. 
Published: May 2019

Coagulation and fibrinolysis studies were performed in 40 patients during the second week after occurrence of Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO), in 35 patients with Diabetic Retinopathy of various degree and no thrombosis (DR), and in an age-sex matched control group.Euglobulin Lysis Time was markedly prolonged in 30% of RVO and in 44% of DR patients. Poor responders to venous stasis ranked around 35% in both groups. Urokinase inhibition was increased in one third of RVO and in about two thirds of DR patients. These and other findings like increase of Factor VIII or platelet aggregation were only seldom associated in the same subjects.Decreased plasma or tissue fibrinolysis is a frequent finding both in RVO and in DR and trials with drugs inducing a sustained increase of fibrinolytic activity are therefore justified in these conditions.
Influence of Low Dose Heparin and of Acetylsalicylic Acid on Alterations of the Hemostatic Mechanism by Venous Occlusion
Authors: Vinazzer H. , Loew D. 
Published: May 2019

Venous occlusion was used as a model to examine the action of antithrombotic substances. In 15 healthy volunteers, a blood pressure cuff attached to an arm was inflated to 90 mm Hg for 15 minutes. Blood was collected from an antecubital vein prior to and at the end of occlusion. Parameters of coagulation, of fibrinolysis, and of platelet function were examined.At the end of occlusion, factors XIa and Xa were demonstrable in intact plasma. There was also a diminution of plasminogen and a shortening of the euglobulin lysis time. Collagen induced platelet aggregation was increased. Platelet factor 4 (PF 4) was diminished in platelets, and was demonstrable in plasma after occlusion.Three groups were formed from these volunteers. Group 1 received 1500 mg acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) per day, group 2 was injected 5000 units heparin s.c. at 12 hr interval s, and group 3 received both drugs. After one week of therapy, blood samples were again collected before and after occlusion. In the ASA group, platelet aggregation was diminished. This was not altered by occlusion. PF 4 was neither diminished in platelets nor was it demonstrable in plasma. There was no influence on plasmatic coagulation factors nor on fibrinolysis. In the heparin group, factors XIa and Xa were not demonstrable in plasma after occlusion. There was no PF 4 in plasma though PF 4 in platelets was diminished. Platelet aggregation was not influenced. In the heparin plus ASA group, factors XIa and Xa as well as plasma PF 4 were missing after occlusion. PF 4 in platelets was not diminished whilst platelet aggregation was inhibited.These experiments demonstrate a mutual support of ASA and heparin in the prevention of alterations of the hemostatic mechanism which are likely to provoke an increased thrombotic tendency.
Laboratory Control of Fibrinolytic Therapy
Authors: Theiss W. , Wirtzfeld A. , Sauer E. , Lutilsky L. , Kriessmann A. 
Published: May 2019

Under fibrinolytic therapy, the levels of fibrinogen and of fibrin(ogen)degradation products (FDP) grossly influence most of the laboratory tests usually performed for clinical control of fibrinolytic treatment. Although these interferences are basically known, there is a lack of more detailed analysis under true clinical conditions. Therefore, fibrinogen determination according to Clauss (1957), thrombin time, and thromboplastin time were used for routine monitoring of 29 patients undergoing therapy with streptokinase for up to 6 days, and the results of these tests were correlated with true clottable fibrinogen as determined according to Ratnoff and Menzie (1961) and with FDP as determined according to Merskey et al. (1966).Fibrinogen determination by the Clauss method yielded poor results; for immediate clinical control, however, they were sufficient, when values above 80 mg/dl were obtained (r=0.60 when compared to actual fibrinogen concentration). Values below 80 mg/dl were completely unreliable and more closely reflected FDP (r=0.63) than actual fibrinogen levels (r<0.20). The Clauss assay is entirely insufficient, when exact fibrinogen determinations are required as for rheological or pharmacological considerations. Quite in contrast, fibrinogen levels measured according to Ratnoff and Menzie were independent of FDP levels.After bilogarithmic transformation, the thrombin time closely correlated to the FDP level (r=0.86); it thus is a valuable test for quickly estimating FDP. Since FDP also greatly influence thromboplastin time determinations (r=0.79), they must duely be considered, when overlapping oral anticoagulation is planned towards the end of fibrinolytic therapy.
Some Aspects of Biliary Fibrinolysis in Man
Authors: Oshiba S. , Ariga T. , Sawai H. , Imai H. 
Published: May 2019

The co-existence of a biliary plasminogen activator, bilokinase, and a streptokinase responsive factor, so-called proactivator, has recently been demonstrated in the bile of several mammalian species including man by Oshiba et al. (The 16th International Congress of Hematology, Kyoto, 1976). Our further investigations have revealed certain characteristic features of the biliary fibrinolysis in man which differ from those in other species. Human bile was obtained from patients with cholelithiasis who had received a surgical operation. The bilokinase activity and proactivator activity in the bile were measured in either the original form or in a quantitatively extracted form.The main results were as follows: (1) The bilokinase activity of human bile was weak in comparison with that of certain other species. (2) Proactivator in human bile showed the highest activity, and the levels in the other species were generally less than the bilokinase activity. Thus, the activity ratio of proactivator to bilokinase in human bile far exceeded that in the other species. (3) Human bile proactivator and plasma proactivator demonstrated different affinity chromatographic behavior on lysine-sepharose. (4) There was apparently no significant relationship between biliary and plasma fibrinolysis.
Clinical Application of Urikinase to Nephropathy. (Report of Group Study)
Authors: Abe T. 
Published: May 2019

Coagulation and fibrinolysis system have been imagined to have some pathogenic influence on various kinds of nephropathy. Our study group on the clinical effect of urokinase (UK) administration to nephropathies applied this material to 106 patients with acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndreome with different causes and renal failure together with 25 control subjects. From 120×104 to 900×104 units of UK was given in ten to twenty-two days solely or together with corticosteroid, dipyridamole, Clofibrate, furosemide, spironolactone, -methyl-dopa, indomethacine, cyclophosphamide, azathiopurine and so on. Heparin was also employed to some control or comparison cases in daily doses of five to fifteen thousand units.Daily amounts of urine, urinary protein, phenolsulphon-phthalein excretion, creatinine clearance were found responsive to UK administration and their beneficial changes were realized statistically in cases of chronic glomerulonephritis (22 cases in 47), rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (2 in 5), nephrotic syndrome (5 in 35) and some others showed only decrease of urinary protein. As for the cases of renal failure, no definite coclusion was drawn. Only a few cases gave some clues of side effect such as headache, nausea and aggravated hematuria. Histological classification was also tried to find that the proliferative type was most responsive to this treatment.
Lacking Schistocytosis in Experimental Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation after Defibrination by Plasmin
Authors: Heves H. , Slijepcevic B. 
Published: May 2019

A disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was induced in rats by infusion of a subthreshold dose of thrombin after producing a hypercoagulable state by i.v, injection of ellagic acid. After pretreatment with a 90 min.-infusion of 50 cas.-u. of plasmin (= plasmin group) or normal saline (= control group) 20 mg AMCHA were applied i.v. for stopping fibrinolysis. Blood parameters of the control group revealed a typical constellation for DIC; additionally, it was observed a highly accellerated 131-I-fibrinogen cata-bolism and an accumulation of 131-I-radioactivity in lungs and kidneys accompanied by haemoglobinaemia and schistocytosis. In spite of the previous defibrination by plasmin, the plasmin group showed partly similar results; the deposition of radioactivity was not so impressive, though plasma haemoglobin levels were neither increased nor schistocytosis observed.Considering the complexity of the presented experimental model, these results show that red cells are not fragmented to schistocytes in absence of fibrinogen because of missing fibrin strands, which probably cause the destruction of red cells in the small blood vessels.
Effects of Suloctidil on Circulating Platelet Aggregates Formation in Rats
Authors: Roba J. , Claeys M. , Lambelin G. 
Published: May 2019

In a search for new models allowing testing of antithrombotic agent in vivo, we have adapted the Wu and Hoak technique for measuring circulating platelet aggregates in rats. The pattern of reversible and irreversible platelet aggregates is studied by sampling blood in vena cava and/or orbital sinus following a) i.v. ADP injection; b) implantation of an aortic catheter; c) adjuvant induced arthritis.Suloctidil (p.o.) can prevent formation of circulating aggregates. Its effects are compared with those of other antiplatelet agents.
Platelet Function Changes During Hemodialysis
Authors: Levin Robert D. , Ivanovich Peter , Kwaan Hau C. 
Published: May 2019

Platelet function during hemodialysis was studied in 27 patients during 62 dialyses on a Cor-dis-Dow Hollow Fiber Artificial Kidney CDAK-4 with anticoagulation by porcine mucosal heparin. Platelet levels fell from 2.08 + 0.52 × 109/1 (Mean ± S.D.) prior to dialysis to 1.74 ± 0.49 × 109/1 after 1/2 hour of dialysis (P<0.01), and remained at depressed levels throughout the dialysis period. Platelet adhesiveness in arterial blood did not significantly vary during dialysis. By aggregometry, the fraction of aggregable platelets decreased from 69 ± 13% prior to dialysis to 51 ± 15% after 1/2 hour (P<0.001) and afterwards remained depressed. The ratio of aggregation after 1.2 /μM ADP to that after 4.7 /μM ADP elevated from 87 ± 15% prior to dialysis to 93 ± 7% after 1/2 hour (P<0.05). Platelets from the venous return limb of the hemodialyzer were poorly aggregable to 50/aM ADP or 10 /iM epinephrine.The findings are compatible with an enhanced reactivity of platelets and the concomitant adherence of aggregable platelets upon the dialyzer fibers, leaving an increased fraction of poorly functioning platelets in the circulation. The enhanced reactivity is apparently induced by heparin, increased levels of ionized calcium, and other factors.
Absorption of Different Salts of Heparin Following Subcutaneous Injection
Authors: Cella G. , Lane D.A. , MacGregor I. , Kakkar V.V. 
Published: May 2019

Two recent studies (1,2) have demonstrated that the MW of heparin and nature of the inorganic ion associated with it influence the heparin level in blood following subcutaneous injection. In the present study we have studied the absorption of heparins containing different amounts of Na and Ca and yet all having similar MW’s when characterized by gel filtration upon a polyacrylamide-agarose matrix (3). Four heparins from the same source material containing approximately 11% Na, 2.5% Ca, 7%, 10.5% Ca together with two Na salts and two Ca salts that are commercially available have been studied in a double-blind crossover trial in six normal volunteers. It was found that mean heparn levels circulating 1, 3, 5 and 7 hours post injection fell as the% of Ca associated with the heparins increased. The differences between the mean levels obtained following injection of the Na salts and the 10-11% Ca salts were highly significant at 1, 3 and 5 hours, while differences between Na salt and 7.3% Ca were significant only at 1 hour post injection. In one individual with small amounts of subcutaneous tissue inconsistent results were obtained, with two Ca salts (7.3% and 11%) producing twice the levels obtained following subcutaneous injection of the Na salts and another Ca salt (10.5%) producing characteristically low levels.1. Johnson, E.A. et al. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 35: 586, 1976.2. Thomas, D.P. et al. Thrombosis Research 9: 241, 1976.3. Johnson, E.A. and Mulloy, B. Carbohydrate Research 51: 119, 1976.
Kinetic Studies of Fibrinogen in Pregnant Rabbits
Authors: Moeller R.-M. , Mahn I. , Müller-Berqhaus G. 
Published: May 2019

During gestation increased concentrations of fibrin (ogen)derivatives are observed indicative of intravascular action of thrombin. The aim of this study was to elucidate the kinetics of fibrinogen during gestation. The elimination of homologous 1-125-fibrinogen was studied in 14 pregnant rabbits during the first as well as during the third trimesters of gestation. Control studies were performed with 10 non-pregnant rabbits.The mean distribution volume of labeled fibrinogen did not significantly differ between pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits. During the third trimester pregnant rabbits demonstrated a pronounced shortening of T 1/2 of labeled fibrinogen from a mean of 55.3 hr during the first to a mean of 29.7 hr during the third trimester. The experiments showed a significant increase in the fractional catabolic rate from 45.0 to 69.9% per day in the course of gestation. The shortening of T 1/2 of labeled fibrinogen correlated to the number of fetusses per litter.This study indicates an average acceleration of the fibrinogen turnover during gestation of about 50%. These direct quantitative measurements demonstrate that fibrinogen catabolism is pronouncedly accelerated during pregnancy.
Measurement of the Electrical Impedance of Blood During Clotting
Authors: Theiss W. , Ulmer A. 
Published: May 2019

Characteristicchanges of the electrical impedance are observed during blood clotting, the measurement of which can be used as a screening test for hemorrhagic diatheses (L. Arnhold, W. Theiss, J. Tiemann: Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 100:1657-1663, 1975). Large scale use of the test was hampered by the technically delicate experimental set-up of a matched pair of precision measuring cells arranged in a bridge circuit and by the necessity to perform measurements immediately on native blood samples.Comparative measurements on blood samples of 30 healthy volunteers in a conventional bridge circuit with a pair of measuring cells and in a modified circuit with a single measuring cell revealed good results also with the latter method. Experiments with recalcification of citrated whole blood showed satisfactory correlation with measurements carried out on native whole blood.This newly developped straight forward procedure of measuring in a single cell and the possibility to work with citrated blood are two major advances in making the measurement of the electrical impedance of clotting blood amenable for use on a larger scale in further research work and eventual routine use.
Two Dimensional Immunoelectrophoretic Patterns of Alpha2 Macroglobulin in Subjects with and Without Thrombotic Tendencies
Authors: Stevenson Mabel M. , Davidson Ann G. , Tarnay Thomas J. 
Published: May 2019

In an attempt to determine whether compensatory changes in alpha2 macroglobulin occur in patients with thrombotic tendencies, studies were performed by the two dimensional immunoelec-trophoretic technique of Laurell on the plasmas of healthy laboratory workers and patients with possible thrombotic tendencies. A single, broad, asymmetrical peak was noted in 16 of 18 laboratory workers. A slower moving discrete second spike of lesser magnitude was found in 2 of the 18. A pattern with two peaks appeared in 11 of 14 patients on warfarin therapy for recurrent thrombophlebitis (8 of 8), for prophylaxis after artificial heart valve replacement (3 of 3), and coronary revascularization (1 of 3). Antithrombin III patterns studied according to Sas were normal in all but 2 of these patients. A volunteer ingesting warfarin was normal. A single patient with liver disease showed two peaks.Preliminary in vitro incubation of plasma with thrombin, plasmin, or streptokinase failed to create more than one peak.These preliminary data suggest changes in alpha2 macroglobulin may represent in vivo coagulation and might provide another means to identify thrombosis prone individuals.
Thrombogenic Characteristics of Activated and Standard Concentrates of Prothrombin Complex
Authors: Penner J.A. , Leach K. , Rohwedder J. 
Published: May 2019

The composition of a variety of prothrombin complex concentrates(PCs), including an “activated” product, was examined to determine thrombogenic potential. Small amounts of Xa activity were found to be presentin all products surveyed, although much greater quantities were present in the activated one. Valuesfor prothrombin factors VII, IX, and X activity varied over a limited range, from one productto another, and small quantities of factors XI and XII were identified in several concentrates. Animal recipients of each product, receiving a dose of 100 u/kg developed intravascular coagulation. Prior incubation of the products with Antithrombin III to eliminate activated factors did not alter the coagulopathy pattern.It was concluded that the presence of factor Xa was not responsible for the observed intravascular coagulation syndrome, and that other factors, such as increased procoagulant levels in the circulation, or the presence of other prothrombin intermediates must be involved.
Mutant forms of Factor IX
Authors: Roberts H.R. , Chung K.S. , Goldsmith J.C. 
Published: May 2019

Evidence for the heterogeneity of hemophilia B is based on the observation that differing abnormal Factor IX molecules can be isolated and characterized from certain patients with hemophilia B. The abnormal molecules, so far studied, are present in virtually normal amounts when measured by immunological techniques, but have reduced clotting activity. Other hemophilia B patients have reduced concentrations of antigenically detectable Factor IX as well as reduced clotting activity. Still other hemophilia B patients have no detectable Factor IX, either by immunological techniques or by functional assays.The purpose of this report is to describe another kindred with two affected members who have an abnormal Factor IX molecule. The affected members have a bleeding disorder typical of moderate hemophilia B. However they have a normal prothrombin time (PT) and an only slightly prolonged partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The PTT becomes markedly prolonged when the lipid employed in the assay is diluted. Factor IX can be detected in the affected patients by immunological techniques and has recently been isolated by purification procedures involving, as a final step, heparin agarose affinity chromatography. This abnormal Factor IX, tentatively named Factor IXAlabama, differs from Factor IXBM (prolonged PT and PTT) and Factor IXChapel Hill (prolonged PTT and normal PT). Thus, the heterogeneous nature of Factor IX is being elucidated and clarified.
An Artificial ‘Haemophilic’ Plasma for One-Stage Factor VIII Assay
Authors: Chantarangkul V. , Ingram G.I.C. , Darby S. 
Published: May 2019

An ‘artificial’ haemophilic plasma for one-stage factor-VIII assays is made by incubating human plasma with EDTA, Na2 to destroy factor VIII, and afterwards removing the anticoagulant by dialysis. Bovine factor V is then added to a given level. In the assay, contact activation is controlled by adding contact product.It was confirmed that factor-VIII activity was destroyed and that the EDTA, Na2 was subsequently removed. The fibrinogen in the treated plasma clotted normally with thrombin. Likely variation in factor-V activity would not be critical. The concentration of fibrinogen and other factors was adequate. Variation between batches was small. The artificial plasma yielded assay results closely comparable to haemophilic plasma in samples with factor-VIII activities in the range 0.01-20.0 iu/ml.
Comparison of Factor VIII Levels After Adrenalin IN Hemophilia a and von Willebrand’s Disease (VWD)
Authors: Eyster M.E. , Ballard J.O. , Prager D. 
Published: May 2019

Two-fold or greater increases of Factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII AHF) have been described following the administration of adrenalin in normal individuals and in some patients with VWD.VIII AHF and Factor VIII-like antigen (VIII AGN) levels were measured pre and one hour post the s. q. injection of adrenalin 0.35 cc. in 4 adult VWD patients and in 10 adult hemophiliacs with VIII AHF levels ranging from 1-29%, normal VIII AGN levels and normal VIII VWF levels as measured by the washed platelet ristocetin assay. Eighteen normal adults served as controls. The four patients with VWD showed two-fold or greater increases of VIII AHF with variable VIII AGN responses. All 10 hemophiliacs showed no change in VIII AHF with significant increases in VIII AGN when analyzed by the paired t-test.The fixed rate of VIII AHF production, release or activation observed in hemophiliacs may help to explain the constancy of VIII AHF levels in individual hemophiliacs and their affected family members. Furthermore, this simple provocative test may be helpful in distinguishing certain VWD patients from those with hemophilia.
Low Dose Factor Replacement in the Hemophiliac
Authors: Kelly P. , Boutaugh M. , Penner J. 
Published: May 2019

The standard dose of factor administered for treatment of acute bleeding in hemophiliacs is usually 20 units per Kg. To assess the effectiveness of lower doses, 103 hemophilic campers were randomly assigned and treated with 3 different dosages, i.e. 7–9 u/kg, 11–15 u/kg, and 15–17 u/kg, for treatment of soft tissue and joint bleeds. Patients with inhibitors, and those with bleeding into cricical areas were excluded from the study. It was found that, when administered early, the 7–9 u/kg dose was as effective as doses in the 15–17 u/kg range for treatment of spontaneous bleeding in the extremities.In summary, our experience with a large number of hemophilic youngsters attending a summer camp would indicate that a low dose therapeutic approach (7–9 u/kg) is effective, and permits most of the patients to participate fully in camp activities.
A Demonstration of Physical Therapy
Authors: Weissman Jerry , Zottoli Carolyn 
Published: May 2019

It has been generally accepted that physical therapy has a role to play in the total habilitation and rehabilitation of the hemophillic patient. These types of services are readily provided within the framework of a comprehensive hemophilia clinic.All patients are advised as to physical fitness and recreational type activities. In addition, most patients are on a home program of specific exercises directed at specific orthopedic problems. Physical therapy is also available through our out-patient clinic when it is felt that the assistance and supervision of a physical therapist is required. An evening clinic is held to accommodate those working or attending school. In-patient physical therapy is most commonly reserved for those patients who have undergone an orthopedic procedure though, on occasion, patients have been admitted solely for an intensive physical therapy program.The concepts underlying the exercise programs are similar to the ones used in managing arthropathies of other etiologies. Special exercise techniques will be demonstrated.