bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Can the Right of Young Children with Disability to be Heard be Enacted within the Policy Constructs of Participant Choice and Control?
Authors: Brien Jackie 
Published: August 2018

This comprehensive literature review provides a critical examination of the concepts inherent in Australia’s National Disability Insurance Scheme, participant choice and control. These concepts are explored in relation to enacting the child’s right to be heard, as outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.Enacting this right is found to be dependent on the image of young children with disability, acknowledging children’s citizenship rights and balancing these with perspectives regarding the need for protection and the child’s place in family and community. The social-relational model of disability is helpful in understanding how the enactment of the right to be heard may be supported. Parents and early childhood professionals who are sensitive to the child’s perspective may take the role as social mediators of child voice, choice and control, along with practices supporting children’s evolving capacities to enact their own rights and aspirations.
Challenges in the Guardianship of Unaccompanied Minors Seeking Asylum
Authors: Hedlund Daniel , Salmonsson Lisa 
Published: August 2018

In this paper we explore the research literature relating to the guardianship of unaccompanied minors seeking asylum. In particular, we seek to find out what type of dilemmas have been identified by research concerning the guardianship of unaccompanied minors, and the focus that the literature has therefore taken. A comprehensive search of identified databases was conducted. Ultimately, 38 publications were selected for analysis. The review was qualitative and inductive. The results of the review suggest that research has identified and focused on challenges in the form of diverging policy such as gaps and inconsistencies in guardianship institutions, as well as challenges in balancing different objectives concerning the guardianship role, such as conflicting interest in the guardianship assignment or between different actors involved in protecting the child’s interest.The conclusion is that different configurations of guardianship institutions, as well as the identified challenges for practice, appear to be related to the welfare state model. Therefore, future research concerning guardianship for unaccompanied minors needs to move beyond legal sources and policy documents by focusing on empirically informed research on the relationship between child care/protection, principles of assessing the best interest of the child and the welfare state systems.
The Matatiele Archaeology and Rock Art (MARA) Program Excavations: The Archaeology of Mafusing 1 Rock Shelter, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Pinto Hugo , Archer Will , Witelson David , Regensberg Rae , Baker Stephanie Edwards , Mokhachane Rethabile , Ralimpe Joseph , Ndaba Nkosinathi , Mokhantso Lisedi , Lecheko Puseletso , Challis Sam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe rock shelter Mafusing 1 was excavated in 2011 as part of the Matatiele Archaeology and Rock Art orMARAresearch programme initiated in the same year. This programme endeavours to redress the much-neglected history of this region of South Africa, which until 1994 formed part of the wider ‘Transkei’ apartheid homeland. Derricourt’s 1977Prehistoric Man in the Ciskei and Transkeiconstituted the last archaeological survey in this area. However, the coverage for the Matatiele region was limited, and relied largely on van Riet Lowe’s site list of the 1930s. Thus far, theMARAprogramme has documented more than 200 rock art sites in systematic survey and has excavated two shelters – Mafusing 1 (MAF1) and Gladstone 1 (forthcoming). Here we present analyses of the excavated material from theMAF1 site, which illustrates the archaeological component of the wider historical and heritage-related programme focus. Our main findings atMAF1 to date include a continuous, well stratified cultural sequence dating from the middle Holocene up to 2400 cal.BP. Ages obtained from these deposits are suggestive of hunter-gatherer occupation pulses atMAF1, with possible abandonment of the site over the course of two millennia in the middle Holocene. After a major roof collapse altered the morphology of the shelter, there was a significant change in the character of occupation atMAF1, reflected in both the artefact assemblage composition and the construction of a rectilinear structure within the shelter sometime after 2400 cal.BP. The presence of a lithic artefact assemblage from this latter phase of occupation atMAF1 confirms the continued use of the site by hunter-gatherers, while the presence of pottery and in particular the construction of a putative rectilinear dwelling and associated animal enclosure points to occupation of the shelter by agropastoralists. Rock art evidence shows distinct phases, the latter of which may point to religious practices involving rain-serpents and rainmaking possibly performed, in part, for an African farmer audience. This brings into focus a central aim of theMARAprogramme: to research the archaeology of contact between hunter-gatherer and agropastoralist groups.
Legal Aid and Investment Treaty Disputes: Lessons Learned from the Advisory Centre on WTO Law and Investment Experiences
Authors: Schwieder Robert W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article evaluates the opportunities for and challenges to the establishment of an Advisory Center on International Investment Law (ACIIL), a legal aid facility based on the design of the successful Advisory Centre on WTO Law (ACWL) but focused on investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). Drawing primarily on personal interviews conducted with high-placed sources familiar with the historical attempts at establishing investment advisory centers and/or the ACWL’s origins and operations, it identifies seven ‘lessons learned’ from those experiences. It concludes that, though the ACIIL’s time has come, that center’s future negotiators should be careful to heed the lessons learned by both the ACWL’s founders as well as those diplomats who have previously undertaken ACIIL-like initiatives, which provide invaluable insight into the political, financial, and logistical challenges they will need to overcome.
Investment Treaty Arbitration: Making a Place for Small Claims
Authors: Boon Kristen E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Although international investment agreements are meant to enable investors of all sizes to protect their investments, the reality is that investment treaty arbitration is designed for large claims. In light of this reality, and recognizing that small claims are often not pursued due to the costs and practical obstacles associated with arbitration, this article proposes a simplified system of dispute resolution for claims that fall under a certain amount, such as USD 10 million. Such a mechanism would provide access to justice for small investors or investors with small claims, whose needs, at present, are largely unmet.
State Succession to State Contracts: A New Framework of Analysis for an Unexplored Question
Authors: Dumberry Patrick 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article examines the surprisingly unexplored question of State succession to State contracts. It argues that the successor State is not bound by such contracts. The article puts forward a new framework of analysis with regards to this question emphasizing on the importance of two elements. First, the solution depends on the type of succession involved. The analysis shows that, while the principle of succession is firmly established for certain types (cession of territory, unification, integration), it is not for others (secession and dissolution). Second, the solution depends on a number of different factors and circumstances, including the existence of a ‘territorial nexus’ between a contract and the successor State, whether the contract was signed by an organ of a territorial unit of the predecessor State which has a structural continuity with the successor State, and the need to avoid any situation of unjust enrichment.
Combinance in the Evolution of Language: Overcoming Limitations
Authors: Talmy Leonard 
Published: August 2018

For early pre-language hominins, the vocal-auditory channel of communication as then organized may have been unable to accommodate any enhancement in the transmission of conceptual content due to three limitations: comparatively low degrees of parameter diversity, iconicity, and fidelity. We propose that these limitations were overcome by an evolutionary development that enabled an advance from the fixed holophrastic calls of earlier species to the open-ended spoken language of our own species. What developed was a “combinant” form of organization.Such combinance is a system in which smaller units combine to form larger units. At its smallest scale, this process yields a “clave”. In a clave, generally, units from an inventory at a lower tier combine to form the units of an inventory at the next higher tier in accord with a particular set of constraints. In turn, such claves function as the smaller units that combine to form a larger unit, a concatenation, where the higher tier of one clave serves as the lower tier of the next. The longest such concatenation in language consists of six successive claves. Phonetic features combine to form phonemes under the constraints of feature assembly; phonemes combine to form morphemes under the constraints of phonotactics; morphemes combine to form complex words under the constraints of morphology; morphemes and complex words combine to form expressions under the constraints of syntax; expressions combine to form a single speaker’s “monolog” under the constraints of discourse rules; and such monologs combine to form an exchange between speakers under the constraints of turn-taking.Our analysis characterizes communication at its most general and contrasts different channels of communication. In particular, the vocal-auditory channel of spoken language is extensively contrasted with the somatic-visual channel of signed language, whose classifier system largely lacks the three limitations of the former. To show this difference, the limitations are analyzed in detail (e.g., iconicity is shown to be based on six properties: prorepresentation, covariation, proportionality, proportional directness, cogranularity, and codomainality). In accord with this difference, the signed classifier system demonstrates the cognitive feasibility of communicating advanced conceptual content with little combinance, but the vocal-auditory channel is seen to have needed the incorporation of combinance for spoken language to evolve.
Effects of Different Alcohol Dosages on Steering Behavior in Curve Driving
Authors: Li Zhenlong , Li Xuewei , Zhao Xiaohua , Zhang Qingzhou 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of this article is to explore the detailed characteristics of steering behavior in curve driving at different alcohol dosages. Background: Improper operation of the steering wheel is a contributing factor to increased crash risks on curves. Method: The experiments were conducted using a driving simulator. Twenty-five licensed drivers were recruited to perform the experiments at the four different breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) levels. The steering angle (SA), steering speed (SS), steering reversal rate (SRR), and peak-to-peak value of the steering angle (PP) were used to characterize the steering behavior. The vehicle’s speed and the number of lane exceedances per kilometer were also used to examine the driving performance. Results: The SSs on the 200 m (χ2(3) = 20.67, p < .001), 500 m (χ2(3) = 22.42, p < .001), and 800 m (χ2(3) = 22.86, p < .001) radius curves were significantly faster for drivers under the influence of alcohol compared with those given a placebo. There were significant effects of alcohol on the SRR and PP on the 200 m, 500 m, and 800 m radius curves. Conclusion: For all of the curves, the SS, SRR, and PP had a tendency to increase as the BrAC increased. The large PP at a high BrAC, accompanied by the high speed, SS, and SRR, resulted in a high probability of lane exceedance. The use of measures of SS, SRR, and PP aided in the improvement of the accuracy of the intoxication detection for the different types of curves. Application: The most important application is to provide guidance for detecting alcohol-impaired-driving.
Investigation of the characteristics of headache due to unruptured intracranial vertebral artery dissection
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroaki , Hanayama Hiroaki , Sakurai Yasuo , Minami Hiroaki , Masuda Atsushi , Tominaga Shogo , Miyaji Katsuya , Yamaura Ikuya , Yoshida Yasuhisa , Hirata Yutaka 
Published: August 2018

Background and purpose It is sometimes difficult to diagnose intracranial vertebral artery dissection in patients with headache as the only symptom. Knowledge of the characteristics of the headache would facilitate the diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of intracranial vertebral artery dissection-related headache using our original self-administered questionnaire. Methods Via the questionnaire, we ascertained headache characteristics and investigated whether they differed between two types of unruptured intracranial vertebral artery dissection, headache type and ischemic type, based on analysis of the responses. Then, we tried to validate the consistency of commonly used criteria for intracranial artery dissection by comparing them with our results. Results Thirty-seven patients were analyzed. Our results identified the following seven headache characteristics in patients with intracranial vertebral artery dissection: (i) occurring in the occipitonuchal region (89%); (ii) unilateral (81%); (iii) pulsatile (70%); (iv) of acute onset (70%); (v) severe (73%); (vi) without nausea or vomiting (73%); and (vii) with concomitant clinical symptoms unrelated to ischemia (81%). Comparison of headache characteristics between the two types of intracranial vertebral artery dissection headache showed that the pain was significantly more severe in headache type than ischemic type intracranial vertebral artery dissection ( p = 0.01). Concomitant clinical symptoms occurred significantly more often in ischemic type than headache type intracranial vertebral artery dissection ( p = 0.03). Our results generally satisfied the established headache diagnostic criteria. Conclusion The pain characteristics of headache type and ischemic type intracranial vertebral artery dissection shown in our study may facilitate its diagnosis.
Profilassi antibiotica nelle procedure urologiche
Authors: Rizzo Michele , Trombetta Carlo 
Published: August 2018

Antibiotic prophylaxis in urological procedures Thousands of patients receive every day an antibiotic prophylaxis before diagnostic or therapeutic urological procedures. Aim of antibiotic prophylaxis is to reduce the risk of infective complications, unfortunately good quality evidences for the best choice of prophylaxis strategy are often lacking. Nowadays antimicrobial resistance is a major health problem caused primarily by overuse of antibiotics. It is the responsibility of all physicians to practice antibiotic stewardship avoiding the unnecessary use of this precious drugs. Given the previous consideration prophylaxis should be chosen on the base of the best evidences, if evidences are lacking prophylaxis should be tailored on the base of each patient individual features and risk factor for infection complications. This narrative review of antibiotic prophylaxis in urological procedure resumes the principle to follow for the correct management of antibiotic prophylaxis in urological procedure.
Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Children and Adolescents following Road Traffic Accidents: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dai Wenjie , Liu Aizhong , Kaminga Atipatsa C. , Deng Jing , Lai Zhiwei , Wen Shi Wu 
Published: August 2018

Objective: Children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable road users, and road traffic accidents (RTAs) can lead to not only physical injuries but also adverse psychological outcomes, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, estimates of the prevalence of PTSD among children and adolescents following RTAs varied considerably across studies. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PTSD among this population. Methods: A systematic search for literature was performed in the electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Embase. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran’s chi-square test and quantified by the I2 value. Meta-regression analyses were carried out to identify the effects of some potential moderators on the overall heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were performed to estimate the pooled prevalence of PTSD according to some sample characteristics. Results: Eleven eligible studies with a total of 1532 children and adolescents who were involved in RTAs were included. The overall heterogeneity ( I2 = 89.7, P < 0.001) was high across the eligible studies, and the pooled prevalence of PTSD was 19.95% (95% confidence interval, 13.63% to 27.09%) by a random-effects model. No significant moderators of the overall heterogeneity were identified using meta-regression analyses. Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled prevalence of PTSD differed significantly according to the study location and gender ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: One-fifth of children and adolescents developed PTSD in the aftermath of RTAs, indicating the need for regular assessment of PTSD and timely and effective psychological interventions among this population. Furthermore, more population-based studies with a large sample size are warranted. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (No. CRD42018087941).
Dementia caregiver intervention development and adaptation in the Vietnamese American community: A qualitative study
Authors: Meyer Oanh L , Fukurai Mihoka , Ho Janis , Limtiaco Pim , Nguyen Hedda Hieu , Dang Jennifer , Zane Nolan , Hinton Ladson 
Published: August 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study was to obtain input and feedback on a proposed intervention to reduce stress and enhance the health of Vietnamese dementia caregivers. Methods Sixteen semi-structured, in-depth interviews and two focus groups were conducted with a total of 21 key stakeholders (i.e., family caregivers, professionals, and community leaders). Results Several themes emerged from the data, and these themes fell into two major domains: the first domain was recruitment and engagement into the intervention: (1) importance of faith-based institutions, (2) inclusion of multiple family members in the intervention, (3) community empowerment/ownership, and (4) importance of credibility and trust. The second domain included themes on intervention content: (1) education about Alzheimer’s disease and dementias and (2) tailoring the intervention to caregivers’ needs. Conclusions Findings indicate that the proposed intervention could be very beneficial to caregivers, but slight modifications needed to be made.
Patients’ Satisfaction With Inpatient Orthopedic Physiotherapy Services at a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana
Authors: Ampiah Paapa Kwesi , Ahenkorah Josephine , Karikari Margaret 
Published: August 2018

Background: Although assessing patient satisfaction ensures quality assurance, compliance, and better effects of therapy, patient satisfaction studies are lacking within the Ghanaian physiotherapy domain. Objective: To ascertain patients’ satisfaction with physiotherapy services and evaluate factors that influence satisfaction levels at the trauma and orthopedic directorate of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Method: A cross-sectional survey was done, and systematic random sampling was used to recruit participants. One-hundred twenty (120) patients participated in the study. Data were collected using an adapted structured patient satisfaction questionnaire. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were performed. Results: The mean age of participants was 39.9 ± 15.8 years. They comprised 48 (40%) females and 72 (60%) males. The most common cause of patient admission was road traffic accident (71.7%). All dimensions of satisfaction assessed were highly rated (>90%). Majority of the participants reported that they were satisfied (95.7%) and compliant (91.6%) with the physiotherapy treatment. Respect shown by therapist (98%) and courtesy and friendliness (97%) were the most rated indices; however, some respondents had uncertainties pertaining to patient involvement in decision-making. The majority of participants also reported that due to their satisfaction, compliance came naturally (75.9%) and reported compliance had a significant association with satisfaction ( P = .02). Age was also found to influence satisfaction ( P = .04). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction with physiotherapy services rendered at the inpatient facility was high, and satisfaction reportedly translated into ease with compliance.
Technical examination of the Emerson-White Book of Hours: observations on pigment preferences and media application in a Flemish manuscript
Authors: Mayer Debora D. , Mayo Hope , Mysak Erin , Smith Theresa J. , Eremin Katherine 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Emerson-White Hours (MS Typ 443–443.1, Houghton Library, Harvard University) is a book of hours and missal produced in Valenciennes, Bruges, and Ghent in the late 1470s or early 1480s. There are seven full-page miniatures (many more have been removed), fourteen historiated borders, 28 historiated initials, and 24 calendar illustrations in tempera and gold. Text pages have shell gold trompe-l’oeil borders. The illuminators include Simon Marmion, the Master of the Houghton Miniatures (named for this manuscript), the Master of the Dresden Prayerbook, and one of the Ghent Associates. The goal of analysis was to determine if identification of palettes supported previous stylistic attributions. Focusing on the illuminations attributed to Simon Marmion and the Houghton Master, we demonstrate that technical analysis can support attribution by identifying differences in artists’ pigment preferences, pigment blending, and technique of paint application, particularly how the artists render shadows.
Comparisons of Clinical Efficacy
Authors: Ferrier I. N. 
Published: August 2018

This paper does not attempt to review the whole topic of clinical efficacy but will consider general concepts, particularly in the light of the advent of the serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitors (SSRIs).The aetiology of depression is complex. In most cases there is some form of predisposition based on problematical family dynamics, disordered family communication and/or genetic factors; each may be present to a variable extent. On top of this predisposition, some form of stimulus - ‘stress’, an external problem, loss of control, a physical disorder, adverse life circumstances - appears to affect those who are already primed. There are a variety of possible outcomes from this combination of predisposition and stimuli: low mood, depression in the full syndromic sense, and depression with biological features. It seems likely that, particularly with severe depressions (the major syndromic forms and those with biological features), there are neuroendocrine and neurochemical changes to mediate the effects of stress into those of the clinical symptoms and signs. It has been hypothesised that stressors induce adaptive neurochemical changes, failure of which may engender behavioural disturbances (Anisman & Zacharko, 1992). However, there are also many individuals who may not undergo this process, but who probably have some cognitive or learned change leading to dysphoria; this aspect needs to be considered carefully in relation to efficacy.