bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability Study of 0.5 g/mL Urea Oral Solution in InOrpha®
Authors: Bourbon Johan , Dory Anne , Perello Laurent , Belotti Laure , Reisz Fanny , Ubeaud-Sequier Genevieve , Gourieux Bénédicte 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Urea is recommended in the 2nd line treatment in moderate to severe hyponatraemia induced by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), when water restriction is insufficient. A posology of 0.25–0.5 g/kg daily is suggested. A usual but inadequate urea oral preparation, i. e. 10 g urea powder dissolved in 100 mL water before use, was classically compounded. Therefore the pharmacy has developed a 0.5 g/mL urea oral liquid solution in InOrpha® with better organoleptic characteristics to improve treatment adherence and reduce the preparation time. The aim of this study was to determine physicochemical and microbiological stability of the urea oral liquid solution in order to establish a shelf life of the preparation.

Methods
The 0.5 g/mL urea solution was compounded using urea powder in a commercial suspending vehicle: Inorpha®. A validated high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with UV detection was performed for the assay of urea. The preparations were packaged in amber glass bottles and stored at fridge (5 °C±3 °C) or at room temperature (24 °C±1 °C). The physicochemical (urea concentration, macroscopic change) and microbiological stability of the preparation was tested over 90 days. Urea concentration measurement at day 0 was considered as the reference value (100 % stability) and urea concentration in subsequent samples greater than 90 % were definite stable without macroscopic changes.

Results
The developed HPLC-UV method was validated in terms of linearity, specificity, accuracy and fidelity (less than 5 % for relative standard deviation and relative error). After 90 days, no microbial growth was noted and urea concentrations were always higher than 90 % of the initial concentration. Macroscopic changes were observed for the samples stored at fridge (5 °C+/− 3 °C) with massive crystallization of urea solution.

Conclusions
Although, all the preparations retain more than 95 % of the initial concentration after 90 days in all storage conditions, macroscopic change and pH change (more than 1 unit after 15 days at room temperature) have to be taken into account. The 0.5 g/mL urea oral liquid solution in InOrpha® remains stable for 15 days at room temperature (24 °C±1 °C) in amber glass bottles.
Characterization of spray formed Al-alloys — A Review
Authors: Reddy Bandi Venkata Ramana , Maity Saikat Ranjan , Pandey Krishna Murari 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A review on the characterization of mechanical, metallurgical, porosity, tribological and corrosion properties of spray deposited Al-alloys are presented in this paper. Al-alloys are potentially used in various applications specifically in bearing materials, aerospace due to low weight to high strength, proper lubrication, excellent wear and corrosion resistance. Al alloys being processed through spray forming technology, which possesses lower processing steps than the other conventional methods like ingot and powder metallurgy. Characterization of Al alloys spray deposits is carried out before and after mechanical processes to know their behaviour. Reviewed the characterization deportment of Al-alloys before and after spray deposition, effect of mechanical process like cold rolling, extrusion, aging, hot rolling, hot extrusion etc. and porosity on the metallurgical, hardness, tensile strength, elongation, tribological and corrosion properties.
Advancing Novel PrEP Products – Alternatives to Non-Inferiority
Authors: Glidden David V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With the scale-up of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with tenofovir (TDF) with or without emtricitabine (FTC), we have entered an era of highly effective HIV prevention with a growing pipeline of potential products to be studied. These studies are likely to be randomized trials with an oral TDF/FTC control arm. These studies require comparison of incident infections and can be time and resource intensive. Conventional approaches for design and analysis active controlled trial can lead to very large sample sizes. We demonstrate the important of assumptions about background infections for interpreting trial results and suggest alternative criteria for demonstrating the efficacy and effectiveness of potential PrEP agents.
Survey on sedation-analgesia regimens, in particular the use of dexmedetomidine, among Dutch implanters of spinal cord neurostimulators
Authors: ter Bruggen Feline F.J.A. , Stronks Dirk L. , Huygen Frank J.P.M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background and aims
During implantation of most spinal cord neurostimulators, patients need to be cooperative to give feedback during lead placement, and also be comfortable. Sedation and analgesia can support these conditions. This survey aimed to provide an overview of the sedation-analgesia regimens currently used among Dutch pain specialists. The survey focused on the sedative agent “dexmedetomidine” due to its attractive pharmacological profile and its promising results during awake procedures.

Methods
A 27-item survey was sent to the 65 pain specialists involved in neurostimulation in the Netherlands. The survey consisted of questions related to different aspects of sedation and analgesia during neurostimulation, e.g. the current regimen, the opinion on and experience with dexmedetomidine as a sedative agent, and preferences regarding different aspects of sedation (i.e. production of arousable sedation, pain management, quality of patient’s feedback and overall preference).

Results
Of 65 pain specialists, 45 (69%) completed the survey. Most commonly used sedative was propofol (91%) and most common used analgesic was remifentanil (78%). Of the 45 respondents, 21 (47%) considered the use of dexmedetomidine, whereas 13 (29%) had experience with dexmedetomidine during neurostimulation. The most frequently mentioned positive property of dexmedetomidine was the easy production of arousable sedation. Most respondents who used dexmedetomidine preferred dexmedetomidine sedation over propofol sedation regarding all aspects of sedation.

Conclusions
The most commonly used sedation-analgesia regimen is the combination of propofol-remifentanil during the implantation of a neurostimulator among Dutch pain specialists. Only a small percentage of respondents had experience with the use of dexmedetomidine, despite its reported advantages.

Implications
When implanting a spinal cord neurostimulator, dexmedetomidine could be considered as a sedative, given its allowance for and preservation of a state of easy arousable sedation.
Proposal for a New Quantum Theory of Gravity II
Authors: Singh Tejinder P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the first article of this series, we have introduced the concept of an atom of space-time-matter (STM), which is described by the spectral action of noncommutative geometry, corresponding to a classical theory of gravity. In the present work, we use the Connes time parameter, along with the spectral action, to incorporate gravity into trace dynamics. We then derive the spectral equation of motion for the STM atom, which turns out to be the Dirac equation on a noncommutative space.
Okullarda Korku Kültürü Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: ÇELİK Kazım , KAHRAMAN Ümit 
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin okullarda
yaşadıkları korku kültürü düzeyini belirlemek üzere geçerli ve güvenilir bir
ölçek geliştirmektir. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda araştırmacılar tarafından
alanyazın taraması ve öğretmen görüşleri doğrultusunda 32 maddelik havuz
oluşturulmuştur. Bu maddeler alan uzmanı ve ölçme değerlendirme uzmanı ile
incelenerek madde sayısı 29’a düşürülmüştür. Elde edilen aday ölçek için 20
uzmandan alınan görüşlere dayanarak 8 maddenin ölçekten çıkarılması
gerektiğine karar verilmiş ve 21 maddelik, 5’li likert tipinde ölçek
oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen ölçek taslağı çevrimiçi form olarak
hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan form e-posta ve diğer iletişim araçları
kullanılarak öğretmenlere ulaştırılmış, 320 öğretmenden dönüt alınmıştır. Ölçeğin
yapı geçerliğinin belirlenmesi için gerçekleştirilen açımlayıcı faktör analizi
sonucunda ölçeğin toplam varyansın % 64,662’sini açıklayan 3 faktörlü yapıdan
oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile de faktör yapısının
uygun olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın ölçüt geçerliliğinin
doğrulanması için madde toplam test korelasyonu, alt-üst %27’lik gruplar
arasında t-testi sonuçlarına bakılmıştır. Benzer ölçek geçerliliği için “Korku
İklimi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Güvenirlik sonuçlarının belirlenmesi için
ölçeğin alt boyutları ve toplam puanına göre Cronbach’s Alpha değerlerine
bakılmış ve bu değerlerin 0,80 ve 0,92 arasında değiştiği bulunmuştur. Geliştirilen ölçeğin toplam puanı alınarak
okullarda korku kültürü düzeyi belirlenebilmektedir.
Intestinal parasitic infections and prevalence of anaemia among tribal school going children: a one year study
Authors: Kumar Sarvepalli Vijaya , Ramalingam Krishnan 
Published: August 2019

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the neglected tropical diseases listed by world health organization. Parasitic infections among school going tribal children cause significant anaemia and malnutrition. Our study mainly focused on estimating the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and focused on iron deficiency anaemia among the tribal school going children.Methods: A prospective study for one year was conducted at a tertiary care hospital and study group was tribal children from hostels and schools. Ethical committee approval was obtained and study included collection of socio demographic data, anthropometric data, stool examination for intestinal parasitic infections, Hb% estimation by “Hemocue globinometer Hb 301 System” a portable hemometer for Hb estimation. S. iron, S. transferrin and Total iron binding capacity were also estimated. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 20 and analyzed. P value <0.05 was considered significant.Results: This 428 study participants with 66.36% boys and 33.64% girls were enrolled. The prevalence of parasitic infections was 42.06%. Protozoal infections were 41.11% when compared to helminthic infections (26.67%) and mixed infections in 32.22%. Entamoeba histolytica was the predominant protozoal parasite identified (30%) and Ascaris lumbricoides among the helminthic infection (13.3%). Presence of anaemia in the present study population was 11.21% and among the study group with parasitic infections it was 66.67%.Conclusion: To conclude, regular deworming practices, awareness regarding hand washing practices, iron and folic acid supplementation irrespective of nutritional status and health education could significantly reduce the incidence of anaemia associated with intestinal parasitic infections.
MUSLIM-CHRISTIAN RELATIONS IN MALAYSIA: ISSUES AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Mohad Abd Hakim , Mohd Mokhtar Ros Aiza , Sulaiman Mashitah , Latiff Latifah Abdul 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The issue of Muslim-Christian relations in Malaysia is often in the limelight of the mass media, domestic and foreign. Within recent years, there have been incidents directly related to this topic of discussion. This paper discusses these the issues and challenges faced by the Muslim and Christian communities in Malaysia.
Methodology: This is a qualitative study, and the data were collected from library sources such as books, journals, newspapers, periodicals, websites, and detailed interviews with members of the Muslim and Christian faiths. The data was then analysed through a documentary analysis technique.
Main Findings: This study found that Muslim-Christian relations often go through ebbs and flows. Generally, incidents involving religious sensitivities are fanned further by the mass media and interested politicians, although these issues are not as serious as reported. These situations then create an uneasy tension between the two communities, thus negatively affecting foster unity in diversity within the plural societies in Malaysia. What should be encouraged as an alternative is dialogue between adherents of different religions for them to know one another, and to promote religious harmony.
Implications: In the New Malaysia era, room of dialogue seems to flourish with the inclusive approach of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) government. This is a positive development, which hopefully would be a catalyst to building a Malaysia society united in diversity.
GST: A TAX REFORM FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF INDIAN HANDICRAFTS
Authors: Tekwani Kritika , Raghuvanshi Rinku 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of the study: Taxation is one of a tool, which helps the Government for the achievement of the goal of sustainable development for every sector including handicraft. The objectives of this study are to know about Goods and Services Tax & its inferences on sustainable development of Indian handicrafts and to identify the role of GST as tax reform in the sustainable development of handicrafts sector in India.
Methodology: The Descriptive method of research has been used to gather information about the existing conditions of GST and Handicraft sector of India. This study is based on secondary data. The data has been taken from different journals, books, magazines, websites, and published data from government institutions. This study is explanatory in nature. The collected data from different sources has been reviewed and data relevant to the handicraft sector further analyzed.
Main Findings: GST brought transparency in the tax system and it also eliminated the multiple taxes, which ultimately increases the final prices. This study revealed that GST would make Indian handicrafts more competitive in the domestic and foreign markets.
The implication of the study: GST implemented on July 01, 2017 with the aim of simplification of the tax system, fiscal structure, United Indian Market, and sustainable development in India. It is a comprehensive value-added tax which merged different taxes including VAT, service tax, surcharges, CST, etc.
Novelty/Originality of this study: GST is new tax reform in India, only a few studies have been done on it. As per the researcher ’ s best knowledge few studies have been carried out on GST and handicraft sector, but none of the study is carried out on this topic.
Políticas de educação infantil e relações de gênero: implicações para a formação docente na perspectiva da diversidade e da diferença / Child education policies and gender relations...
Authors: Anjos Cleriston Izidro dos , Oliveira Djenane Martins , Gobbi Marcia Aparecida 
Published: August 2019

Neste artigo, procuramos problematizar os modos pelos quais as discussões concernentes às relações de gênero tem sido ou não consideradas nas políticas de educação infantil e, a partir disso, procuramos tecer algumas possíveis implicações para a formação docente na perspectiva da diversidade e da diferença. Embora haja produção acadêmica significativa referente à formação de docentes para a educação infantil, são escassos os trabalhos que tem discutido as questões de gênero nas políticas de educação de crianças pequenas e na formação de educadores/as para as infâncias. Ao considerar a categoria gênero nas discussões concernentes às infâncias, é possível colocar em causa as tradicionais assertivas sobre o que é “natural”, no sentido do que é inato e instintivo para cada um dos sexos, como contribuição para a necessária desnaturalização das diferenças entre homens e mulheres, entre meninas e meninos, considerando as diferenças. Torna-se necessário reconhecer que a escola não é neutra e, portanto, as escolhas curriculares e/ou metodológicas, seja nas instituições ou nas políticas públicas, revelam os aspectos na construção da percepção de gênero que são reforçados, interditados ou rechaçados.Palavras-chave: Educação infantil; Gênero; Políticas; Formação docente. ABSTRACT: In this article, we seek to problematize the ways in which discussions concerning gender relations have been considered in child education policies and, from this, we try to weave some possible implications for teacher education in the perspective of diversity and difference. Although there is significant academic production related to the training of teachers for early childhood education, there are few studies that have discussed gender issues in policies for the education of young children and the training of educators for children. In considering the gender category in discussions concerning childhood, it is possible to call into question the traditional assertions about what is "natural" in the sense of what is innate and instinctive for each of the sexes, as a contribution to the necessary denaturalization of the differences between men and women, between girls and boys, considering the differences. It is necessary to recognize that the school is not neutral and therefore the curricular and / or methodological choices, whether in institutions or public policies, reveal the aspects in the construction of the perception of gender that are reinforced, interdicted or rejected.Keywords: Early childhood education; Genre; Policies; Teacher training.
A profissionalização e o desempenho profissional pedagógico dos professores na escola primária angolana: desafios e perspectivas / The professionalism and professional pedagogical performance of teachers in...
Authors: Zinga António 
Published: August 2019

O contexto atual da escola primária angolana se desenvolve à luz da Reforma Educativa que demanda a profissionalização em geral e em particular, o desempenho profissional pedagógico dos professores, que é atualmente um problema complexo e de necessária reflexão. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho, surge pela necessidade de oferecer resposta a esta demanda de como contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do desempenho profissional pedagógico dos professores primários em Angola. O objetivo deste trabalho tem o desafio de direcionar a preparação e superação dos professores primários angolanos para o aperfeiçoamento do seu desempenho profissional pedagógico.Palavras-chave: Profissionalização; desempenho profissional pedagógico. ABSTRACT: The current context in the Angolan primary school develops at the light of Educative Transformation, which demands in general, the professionalization, and in particular professional and pedagogical performance of teachers, which is currently, a very complex problem and needs reflection. In this context, the research emerges from the need of giving answer to this demand of how to contribute to the improvement of the pedagogical professional performance of primary teachers in Angola. The objective of this research has the challenge of managing preparation and overcoming of the teaching staff to improve pedagogical and professional performance of Angolan primary professors.Keywords: Professionalization; Professional pedagogical performance.
Modelo de competências docentes para a formação do professor em História / Model of teacher competences for the education of history teachers
Authors: Pla López Ramón , Cupata Jacob Lussento , António Osvaldino Wilson Mweleyavo 
Published: August 2019

A insuficiente compreensão das relações causais, temporais e espaciais na aprendizagem da História pelos alunos nas escolas do II ciclo do ensino secundário na província do Cuanza Sul - Angola e sua relação com o modo de atuação dos docentes, levaram a investigar sobre o processo de formação dos profissionais através do Projecto de investigação: A formação de competências profissionais de professores de História do Departamento de Ciências Sócias do ISCED do Cuanza Sul, Angola. O artigo tem como objectivo compartilhar uma reflexão da necessidade de melhorar a formação do professor de História através da formação por competências, comprovado de maneira parcial com a introdução deste enfoque na prática pedagógica dos estudantes. Foram utilizados os métodos de nível teórico; histórco-lógico, a modelação, indutivo-dedutivo e de nível empírico; a observação, o inquérito, a entrevista assim como os métodos estatísticos de tendência central como a média que permitiram descrever as transformações alcançadas. Como resultados apresenta-se no artigo uma síntese do diagnóstico do estado da formação das competências dos professores; atendendo ao diagnóstico e os estudos teóricos realizados. Sistematizou-se as competências a serem introduzidas no processo de formação profissional e se analisaram os impactos parciais na formação prática dos graduandos.Palavras-chave: Competências docentes; Ensino de História em Angola; Modelo do profissional; Professor em História. ABSTRACT: The insufficient comprehension of causal, temporal and spatial relationships in the learning of history by the students in secondary schools in the province of Cuanza Sul - Angola and its relationship with the way teachers act, led to investigate the formation process of professionals through the research project: The training of professional skills of History teachers of the Department of Social Sciences of ISCED Cuanza Sul, Angola. The article aims to share a reflection of the need to improve the training of History teachers through competences, proving partially with the introduction of this approach in students' pedagogical practice. In this study were used theoretical; history-logical, modeling, inductive-deductive and empirical methods; beside those were used observation, survey, interview as well as the statistical methods of central tendency as the average that allowed to describe the transformations reached. As results, the article presents a synthesis of the diagnosis of the state of teacher training; taking into account the diagnosis and the theoretical studies carried out. The competences to be introduced in the vocational training process were systematized and the partial impacts on the practical training of undergraduates were analyzed.Keywords: Teaching skills; History teaching in Angola; Professional model; History Teacher.
O ensino de estatística e a educação para a diversidade: uma experiência de formação de professores em Angola / Statistical education and education for diversity...
Authors: Mena Thiago 
Published: August 2019

O artigo contempla uma discussão sobre algumas perspectivas de trabalho, destinado à formação de professores de matemática, que visam associar a prática do ensino de estatístico à promoção do ideal de educação para a diversidade. Não se pretende oferecer uma metodologia estruturada, mas apontar e debater possibilidades, no sentido de estimular construções metodológicas diversas por parte dos próprios professores. No desenvolvimento do texto, procede-se com uma imersão nos estudos sobre os aspectos sociais e cognitivos relacionados ao ensino de estatística, traçando paralelos com estudos sobre diversidade cultural na educação. Finaliza-se com a explanação de uma experiência de formação oferecida a alunos dos cursos de licenciatura de uma universidade da província do Cuanza Sul, em Angola.Palavras-chave: Ensino de estatística; Educação e diversidade. ABSTRACT: The article approaches a discussion about some work guidelines, driven to the mathematics teachers training, which aim to associate the practice of statistic teaching to the promotion of the ideal of education for diversity. There is no intention to offer a structured methodology, but to point out and discuss possibilities, in order to stimulate diverse methodological constructions by the teachers themselves. In the development of the article, there is an immersion in the studies about the social and cognitive aspects related to the teaching of statistics, building parallels with studies on cultural diversity in education. It ends with an explanation of a training experience offered to undergraduate students from a university in the province of Cuanza Sul, Angola.Keywords: Statistical education; Education and diversity.