bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local turns: Queer histories and Brighton's queer communities
Authors: Cook Matt 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis piece presents one strand of new research from “Queer Beyond London” (QBL), a UK Arts and Humanities Research Council funded project which ran from 2016 to 2018 and sought out the significance of locality to queer identities and communities in the period 1965–2015 via case studies of Brighton, Leeds, Manchester, and Plymouth. The project is part of a (re)turn to the local in queer historical work, and here I review that shift before exemplifying how a focus on specific local contexts in Brighton since the 1980s enriches our understanding of the ways in which queer life was modulated by geographical position, local economy, demographics, local government and policing, and subcultural and cultural reputation. I show especially how the horrific dimensions of the AIDS crisis and the particular shock of Section 28 of the Local Government Act (1988) in this town of historic queer ease reshaped visions and experiences of community there.
Does ultraconservative access affect the efficacy of root canal treatment and the fracture resistance of two‐rooted maxillary premolars?
Authors: Silva A. A. , Belladonna F. G. , Rover G. , Lopes R. T. , Moreira E. J. L. , De‐Deus G. , Silva E. J. N. L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of ultraconservative endodontic cavities (UEC) on canal shaping and filling ability, cleaning of the pulp chamber, time required to perform root canal treatment and fracture resistance of 2‐rooted maxillary premolars in comparison with traditional endodontic access cavities (TEC) in extracted teeth placed in a phantom head to simulate clinical conditions.MethodologyTwenty extracted intact 2‐rooted maxillary premolars were scanned in a micro‐computed tomographic device, matched based on similar anatomical features of the canals and assigned to UEC or TEC groups (n = 10). Then, teeth were mounted on a mannequin head and their pulp chamber accessed. After canal preparation, filling and cavity restoration, the time required to perform root canal treatment was recorded and the specimens were loaded to fracture in a universal testing machine. The maximum load at fracture was recorded. The sample was scanned after root canal instrumentation, filling and restoration procedures. Untouched canal areas, accumulation of hard‐tissue debris (AHTD), voids in root fillings and cleaning of the pulp chamber were analysed. Data were analysed statistically using Shapiro–Wilk and Student's t‐tests with a significance level of 5%.ResultsThe percentage of untouched canal area did not differ significantly between UEC and TEC groups (P > 0.05). However, UECs were associated with a greater percentage of AHTD after canal preparation (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in terms of voids in root fillings between the groups (P > 0.05). Nonetheless, UEC had a greater percentage of root filling remnants in the pulp chamber after cleaning procedures (P < 0.05). The time required to perform root canal treatment was significantly longer in the UEC group (P < 0.05). There was no difference regarding the mean load at fracture between the groups (P > 0.05). Unrestorable fractures were observed in all specimens of both groups.ConclusionsThere was no true benefit associated with ultraconservative endodontic cavities. UEC resulted in more AHTD remaining inside the root canals. UEC did not influence the quality of root fillings; however, UEC made the cleaning procedure of the pulp chamber more difficult, thus increasing the total time required to perform root canal treatment. Moreover, UEC were not associated with an increase in fracture resistance of root filled 2‐rooted maxillary premolars.
Environment‐oriented low‐cost Al2O3 ceramics with hierarchical pore structure fabricated from SiC solid waste
Authors: Chen Ruoyu , Hei Daqian , Li Shujing , Jia Wenbao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnvironment‐oriented low‐cost Al2O3 reticulated porous ceramics with hierarchical pore structure were fabricated by the polymer sponge replica method combined with vacuum infiltration methods, using Al2O3 powders and SiC solid waste (SCSW) as raw material and a pore‐forming agent. The effects of SCSW addition amount on mechanical properties, microstructure and pore size of Ceramics were investigated. The results showed that the thermal shock resistance of specimens increased gradually with addition of SCSW, however, the median pore diameter increased firstly and then decreased, due to the generation of mullite and liquid phase. After calcination, the residual stress was generated within the coating layer because of the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of ceramic matrix and coating layer, which could improve the properties of Ceramics by deflecting and bifurcating crack growth path. The results showed that the best dosage of SCSW was 30 wt%.
Restoring Hope for Syrian Refugees: Social Support Students Need to Excel at School
Authors: Karkouti Ibrahim M. , Wolsey Thomas DeVere , Toprak Mustafa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis qualitative, phenomenological case study was designed to elicit Syrian refugee students’ perceptions regarding the individuals who provide them with the social support needed for academic success. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 male Syrian eighth graders at a public middle school in Lebanon. House's social support framework guided this study and served as the theoretical lens through which data were collected and analysed. Findings from this study revealed teachers, supervisors, and administrators as expected major providers of the social supports that Syrian refugee students need to excel in their studies. However, when students do not find support where they might expect it to be, they adopt coping strategies such as independence, perseverance, self‐efficacy, and peer‐teaching. These findings are of primary importance to school administrators, humanitarian aid agencies, and policymakers. The article concludes with recommendations for practice and future research.
Helios: still behind the clouds
Authors: Thornton Angela M. , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: September 2019

SummaryRegulatory T (Treg) cells are a subset of CD4+ T cells that are critical for the maintenance of self‐tolerance. The forkhead box transcription factor Foxp3 is a master regulator for the Treg phenotype and function and its expression is essential in Treg cells, as the loss of Foxp3 results in lethal autoimmunity. Two major subsets of Treg cells have been described in vivo; thymus‐derived Treg (tTreg) cells that develop in the thymus and peripherally induced Treg (pTreg) cells that are derived from conventional CD4+ Foxp3− T cells and are converted in peripheral tissues to cells that express Foxp3 and acquire suppressive ability. The transcription factor Helios, a member of the Ikaros transcription factor family, is expressed in 60–70% of Treg cells in both mouse and man, and is believed to be a marker of tTreg cells. In this review, we discuss the role and function of Helios in Treg cells, the controversy surrounding the use of Helios as a marker of tTreg cells, and how Helios controls specific aspects of the Treg cell program.
Synthesis and photocatalytic H2‐production activity of plasma‐treated Ti3C2Tx MXene modified graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Xu Fang , Zhang Dainan , Liao Yulong , Wang Gang , Shi Xiaolei , Zhang Huaiwu , Xiang Quanjun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlasma processing technology, as a promising method to enhance photocatalytic activity of catalyst, is gradually attracting extensive interest from researchers. However, the main mechanism of plasma‐treated photocatalyst on hydrogen production is not clear. In this work, 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene is selected as a co‐catalyst of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4), which carries out a plasma treatment (500°C) under N2/H2 atmosphere. Due to plasma treatment, there is a higher proportion Ti–O functional groups on surface of layered Ti3C2Tx MXene, especially for Ti4+. The obtained g‐C3N4/p‐Ti3C2Tx photocatalyst with sandwich‐like structure shows an enhanced photocatalytic activity. The rate of hydrogen generation of CN/pTC3.0 sample without Pt co‐catalyst is 25.4 and 2.4 times that of pure g‐C3N4 and CN/TC3.0 samples, respectively. The improved photocatalytic activity is attributed to presence of Ti4+ due to plasma treatment, which can capture photo‐induced electron from g‐C3N4 and improve the separation of electrons and holes after visible light irradiation. The cyclic hydrogen production of the photocatalyst demonstrates good photocatalytic stability. In addition, this method of plasma treatment under N2/H2 atmosphere is feasible to develop a high‐performance co‐catalyst, which can be extended to other photocatalysts with two‐dimensional structure for photocatalytic water‐splitting applications.
Estimation of economic weights for number of teats and sperm quality traits in pigs
Authors: Krupa Emil , Wolfová Marie , Krupová Zuzana , Žáková Eliška 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAccurate predictive modelling facilitates efficient and effective trait selection in animal breeding and can decrease costs while maximizing profits when raising economically important animals. The objective of this study was to extend a previously developed bioeconomic model and computer program to calculate the marginal economic values (MEVs) and economic weights (EWs) for direct and maternal pig traits affected by new reproductive traits, namely the number of sow functional teats (NFTs) and boar sperm quality traits (SQTs) that included sperm volume, sperm concentration, motility percentage and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa. The MEV of NFTs represented the cost differences between naturally and artificially reared piglets until weaning and the cost differences between naturally and artificially reared finished animals. The MEVs of SQTs expressed the saved costs for artificial insemination, assuming a decreased price per insemination dose when improving the SQTs. The absolute and relative EWs for the newly defined complex of traits in the breeding objectives for pig breeds involved in the Czech national three‐way crossing system (Czech Large White [CLW], Czech Landrace [CL] and Pietrain [PN]) were calculated using gene flow methods. The NFT trait was included only for dam breeds, and the relative EW averaged 3.6% of the total economic importance based on the genetic standard deviations of all 19 simultaneously evaluated traits in CLW and CL breeds. The relative EWs of the four SQTs comprised 2.0% of the total economic importance of the 19 traits in the CLW and CL dam breeds and 8% of the total economic importance of the 18 traits in the PN sire breed. Therefore, inclusion of the NFTs for dam breeds and SQTs for sire breeds in the breeding goal is recommended to aid in obtaining ideal outcomes with optimal economic values.
Utility of the combination of simple electrocardiographic parameters for identifying mid‐septal pacing
Authors: Matsuo Masanori , Shimeno Kenji , Yoshiyama Tomotaka , Matsumura Yoshiki , Matsumoto Ryo , Abe Yukio , Naruko Takahiko , Yoshiyama Minoru 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe electrocardiograms (ECG) criteria to anchor the lead to the right ventricular septum have not been established. This study aimed to identify ECG criteria of pacing at the right ventricular mid septum (RVMS) and investigate whether the paced QRS duration (pQRSd) from the RVMS was narrow.Methods and resultsIn 42 patients, ECG pacing at the basal anterior wall (BA), mid‐anterior wall (MA), apex (AP), and mid septum (MS) was recorded. The pacing sites were validated by using right ventriculography and computed tomography. We estimated the ECG parameters and compared them among the four pacing sites. The combination of simple four paced‐ECG parameters could reliably confirm the pacing at the RVMS. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristics curve for the number of positive findings among the following: (a) positive QRS in lead aVL, (b) QRS notching in lead I, (c) precordial leads transition at less than V5, and (d) presence of isoelectric QRS in the inferior leads was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.91‐0.98) and the number of positive findings (≥3) had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 93.7% for discriminating MS from the other sites. The pQRSd with three or more positive findings was significantly narrower than that with less than three positive findings (≥3: 137.4 ± 9.2 ms, <3: 151.8 ± 13.1 ms, P ≤ .05).ConclusionThe combination of ECG parameters can help identify right ventricular mid‐septal pacing. The use of these parameters may enable the implantation of the pacing lead in the RVMS accurately and obtain a narrower QRS duration.
Physicians’ perceptions of shared decision‐making for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators: Results of a physician survey
Authors: Ali‐Ahmed Fatima , Matlock Daniel , Zeitler Emily P. , Thomas Kevin L. , Haines David E. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCenters for Medicare and Medicaid Services has mandated the use of shared decision‐making (SDM) for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) implantation. SDM tools help facilitate quality SDM by presenting patients with balanced evidence‐based facts related to risk and benefits. Perceptions of ICD implantation may differ based on patients’ sex and race.ObjectiveTo determine if and how physicians are incorporating SDM in counseling patients about ICD and if they are aware of sex‐ and race‐based differences in patients’ perception of ICDs.MethodsThis was a pilot study involving an online survey targeting attending physicians who implant ICDs. Physicians were randomly selected by a computer‐based program; 350 surveys were sent.ResultsOf the 124 (35%) respondents to the survey, 102 (84%) met the inclusion criteria, and of those, 99 (97%) were adult electrophysiologists. Most physicians (90, 88%) stated they engaged in SDM during the general consent process. Sixty‐three (62%) physicians discuss end of life issues while obtaining general consent. Forty‐four (43%) physicians said they use an existing SDM tool with the Colorado SDM tool being the most common (39, 89%). The majority of physicians were unaware of sex‐ and race‐based differences in perceptions related to ICD implantation (sex 64, 63% and race 63, 62%).ConclusionA vast majority of physicians are engaging in SDM; however less than half are using a formal SDM tool, and a minority of physicians were aware of sex‐ and race‐based differences in patients’ perception of ICD implantation. Sex‐ and race‐based tools might help address this gap.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease and atrial fibrillation: Insight from autonomic cardiogastric neural interaction
Authors: Huang Ting‐Chun , Lo Li‐Wei , Yamada Shinya , Chou Yu‐Hui , Lin Wei‐Lun , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Liu Shin‐Huei , Cheng Wen‐Han , Tsai Tsung‐Ying , Liu Ping‐Yen , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been previously reported. However, the detailed mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of acid reflux on the intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system, atrial/ventricular electrophysiology, and AF inducibility.MethodsEighteen rabbits were randomized into three groups: acid reflux (group 1, n = 6), control (group 2, n = 6), and acid reflux with periesophageal vagal blockade (group 3, n = 6). Atrial and ventricular effective refractory periods (ERPs) and AF inducibility were checked at baseline and then hourly until 5 hours after the experiment.ResultsThree hours after the experiment, atrial ERP prolongation was noted in groups 2 and 3 (P < .05), whereas shortening of the atrial ERPs was observed in group 1, compared with the baseline. However, no changes were observed in ventricular ERPs in the three groups. The AF inducibility was higher in group 1 than in groups 2 and 3. Pathological examination showed clear esophageal mucosal breaks in groups 1 and 3.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that the antimuscarinic blockade prevents GERD induced changes to atrial electrophysiology and susceptibility to AF—making it highly likely that autonomic activity is important in mediating this effect.
Free thyroxine within the normal reference range predicts risk of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey L. , Jacobs Victoria , May Heidi T. , Bair Tami L. , Benowitz Barry A. , Lappe Donald L. , Muhlestein Joseph B. , Knowlton Kirk U. , Bunch T. Jared 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionHyperthyroidism is a known precipitating factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, recent reports have suggested an increased risk of AF with free thyroxine (fT4) levels even within the upper reference (normal) range. We sought to test whether higher fT4 levels within the reference range are associated with an increased risk of AF.Methods and ResultsAll patients in the Intermountain Healthcare electronic medical record database with an fT4 level not on thyroid medication were included. The reference range of fT4 was divided into quartiles (Q), and associations with prevalent and incident AF were assessed by multivariable regression. Similar analyses were performed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and total and free T3. A total of 174 914 patients were included and followed for 7.0 ± 4.9 years. Of these, 7.4%, 88.4%, and 4.2% had fT4 levels below, within, and above the reference range. As expected, prevalent AF was greater with elevated fT4. However, gradients also were noted within the reference range, comparing Q4 to Q1, for prevalent AF (adjusted odds ratio 1.4, P < .0001) and incident AF (adjusted hazard ratio 1.16, P < .0001). In contrast, no relationship with AF prevalence and incidence was noted for total and free T3 within their reference ranges, and the pattern for TSH was uninformative.ConclusionHigher fT4 levels within the reference range were associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of AF. These findings in a large dataset prospectively validate earlier reports and may have important implications, including a redefinition of the normal range and fT4 targets for replacement therapy.
Iron chelation and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase inhibition suppress mantle cell lymphoma's cyclin D1
Authors: Babosova Olga , Kapralova Katarina , Raskova Kafkova Leona , Korinek Vladimir , Divoky Vladimir , Prchal Josef T. , Lanikova Lucie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) have translocation t(11;14) associated with cyclin D1 overexpression. We observed that iron (an essential cofactor of dioxygenases including prolyl hydroxylases [PHDs]) depletion by deferoxamine blocked MCL cells’ proliferation, increased expression of DNA damage marker γH2AX, induced cell cycle arrest and decreased cyclin D1 level. Treatment of MCL cell lines with dimethyloxalylglycine, which blocks dioxygenases involving PHDs by competing with their substrate 2‐oxoglutarate, leads to their decreased proliferation and the decrease of cyclin D1 level. We then postulated that loss of EGLN2/PHD1 in MCL cells may lead to down‐regulation of cyclin D1 by blocking the degradation of FOXO3A, a cyclin D1 suppressor. However, the CRISPR/Cas9‐based loss‐of‐function of EGLN2/PHD1 did not affect cyclin D1 expression and the loss of FOXO3A did not restore cyclin D1 levels after iron chelation. These data suggest that expression of cyclin D1 in MCL is not controlled by ENGL2/PHD1‐FOXO3A pathway and that chelation‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate competition‐mediated down‐regulation of cyclin D1 in MCL cells is driven by yet unknown mechanism involving iron‐ and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenases other than PHD1. These data support further exploration of the use of iron chelation and 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenase inhibitors as a novel therapy of MCL.
Biphasic effects of autophagy on decompression bubble‐induced endothelial injury
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Kun , Nie Shaojie , Huang Guoyang , Yi Hongjie , He Chunyang , Buzzacott Peter , Xu Weigang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction induced by bubbles plays an important role in decompression sickness (DCS), but the mechanism of which has not been clear. The present study was to investigate the role of autophagy in bubble‐induced endothelial injury. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with bubbles, autophagy markers and endothelial injury indices were determined, and relationship strengths were quantified. Effects of autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) were observed. Bubble contact for 1, 5, 10, 20 or 30 minutes induced significant autophagy with increases in LC3‐II/I ratio and Beclin‐1, and a decrease in P62, which correlated with bubble contact duration. Apoptosis rate, cytochrome C and cleaved caspase‐3 increased, and cell viability decreased following bubble contact for 10, 20 or 30 minutes, but not for 1 or 5 minutes. Injuries in HUVECs were correlated with LC3‐II/I ratio and partially reversed by 3‐MA in 10, 20 or 30 minutes contact, but worsened in 1 or 5 minutes. Bubble pre‐conditioning for 1 minutes resulted in increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis rate compared with no pre‐conditioning, and 30‐minutes pre‐conditioning induced opposing changes, all of which were inhibited by 3‐MA. In conclusion, autophagy was involved and played a biphasic role in bubble‐induced endothelial injury.
From Containment to Realpolitik and Back Again: A Realist Constructivist Analysis of Turkey–EU Relations and the Migration Issue
Authors: Martin Natalie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe EU's reaction to the migration crisis of 2015–16 was to shower the Turkish government with gifts to secure their cooperation on the Aegean crossing. This led to accusations of realpolitik after Brussels made concessions to Turkey despite Ankara's liberal democratic deficit. This article examines EU policy before, during and after the migration crisis to argue that the situation is more nuanced than this suggests. Turkey–EU accession had been in a state of containment for nearly a decade before the migration issue. Brussels' reaction to it raised questions about the EU's liberal identity but Brussels backtracked quickly once the extent of illiberality following the attempted coup d'état emerged. Turkey–EU relations then returned to a pre‐migration state of containment whereby Turkey remains a candidate but progress towards accession depends on their liberal progress. Using realist constructivism, it concludes the EU's liberal democratic standards remain, but the liberal bar is pliable according to circumstances.