bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active Eye-tracking Improves LASIK Results
Authors: Lee Yuan-Chieh 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the advantage of active eye-tracking for photorefractive surgery.
METHODS: In a prospective, double-masked study, LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism was performed in 50 patients using the ALLEGRETTO WAVE version 1007. All patients received LASIK with full comprehension of the importance of fixation during the procedure. All surgical procedures were performed by a single surgeon. The eyetracker was turned off in one group (n=25) and kept on in another group (n=25). Preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively, patients underwent a standard ophthalmic examination, which included corneal topography.
RESULTS: In the patients treated with the eye-tracker off, all had uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of 3=20/40 and 64% had 2=20/20. Compared with the patients treated with the eye-tracker on, they had higher residual cylindrical astigmatism (P<.05). Those treated with the eye-tracker on achieved better UCVA and best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (P<.05). Spherical error and potential visual acuity (TMS-II) were not significantly different between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The flying-spot system can achieve a fair result without active eye-tracking, but active eyetracking helps improve the visual outcome and reduces postoperative cylindrical astigmatism. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:581-585.]
Eye Dryness Sensations After Refractive Surgery: Impaired Tear Secretion or "Phantom" Cornea?
Authors: Belmonte Carlos 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
The cornea is richly innervated by various functional types of sensory nerve fibers. When stimulated, these fibers evoke conscious sensations of different quality including ocular dryness, discomfort, and pain. Refractive surgery involves a variable degree of damage to corneal nerves. This leads to an altered expression of membrane ion channels at the injured and regenerating nerve fibers, giving rise to aberrant spontaneous and stimulus-evoked nerve impulse firing. It is speculated that these abnormal sensory discharges are read by the brain as ocular surface dryness. This would explain the high incidence of eye dryness sensations after photorefractive surgery, which are experienced by a large number of patients despite the often modest disturbance of tear secretion. Therefore, drugs that reduce abnormal activity in injured nerves may represent a therapeutic alternative for eye dryness sensations after refractive surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:598-602.]
Accuracy of Orbscan II in the Assessment of Posterior Curvature in Patients With Myopic LASIK
Authors: Cheng Arthur C K , Rao Srinivas K , Lam Dennis S C 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of Orbscan II measurements in assessing posterior corneal curvature in patients undergoing myopic LASIK.
METHODS: Using the Orbscan II, posterior corneal curvature was assessed pre- and postoperatively in 304 eyes that underwent myopic LASIK. The radius of curvature and corneal refractive power in diopters (D) were compared using the paired sample t test.
RESULTS: The mean pre- and postoperative radius of posterior corneal curvature were 6.49±0.26 mm and 6.35±0.30 mm, respectively. Mean pre- and postoperative posterior corneal power were -6.17±0.25 D and -6.32±0.30 D, respectively, and the difference (0.14±0.14 D) was statistically significant (P<.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Although the derived value for the power of the postoperative LASIK posterior corneal surface is overestimated using the Orbscan II, this small difference may not be clinically important. Orbscan II measurements can therefore be used (with caution) to measure posterior corneal curvature in patients with myopic LASIK for the assessment of intraocular lens power based on the Gaussian optics formula. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:677-680.]
Topographic Customized Photorefractive Keratectomy for Regular and Irregular Astigmatism After Penetrating Keratoplasty Using the LIGI CIPTA/LaserSight Platform
Authors: La Tegola Maria Gabriella , Alessio Giovanni , Sborgia Carlo 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of a software ablation program (Corneal Interactive Programmed Topographic Ablation [CIPTA]) that provides customized photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to correct astigmatism after keratoplasty.
METHODS: In this prospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series, 44 eyes underwent CIPTA for correction of astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty. Eighteen eyes were treated for regular astigmatism and 26 eyes were treated for irregular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty. Orbscan II topography (Bausch & Lomb) and a flying-spot laser (LaserScan 2000; LaserSight) were used. Epithelial debridement with alcohol was performed before PRK in 16 eyes and transepithelial PRK was performed in 28 eyes. Mean target-induced astigmatism was 8.19±2.68 diopters (D) and 7.68±4.50 D in the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 25.4±13 months. At last postoperative follow-up, 13 (72.2%) and 18 (69.2%) eyes in the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively, had uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) better than 20/40. Four (22.2%) and 8 (30.7%) eyes in the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively, had UCVA of 20/20. Fourteen (77.7%) and 18 (69.2%) eyes in the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively, were within 1.00 D of attempted correction in spherical equivalent manifest refraction. No eye lost Snellen lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. Mean surgically induced astigmatism was 7.66±2.70 D and 6.99±3.80 D for the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively. Index of success of astigmatic correction was 0.138 and 0.137 for the regular and irregular astigmatism groups, respectively. Haze developed in three eyes.
CONCLUSIONS: Topography-driven PRK using CIPTA software is a suitable solution for correcting regular and irregular astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:681-693.]
Nota sobre a natureza da mulher na comunidade familiar e política segundo Platão, Aristóteles e Hegel
Authors: Dos Santos Marina 
Published: December 2018

Este artigo pretende mapear, comparativamente, o lugar destinado à mulher no interior dos sistemas políticos de Platão, Aristóteles e Hegel a partir de um breve esboço de suas concepções sobre a natureza humana e a natureza feminina. Pretender-se- á indicar em que medida há uma relação, ora de tensão, ora de complementaridade, nomodo como elementos descritivos e prescritivos operam para circunscrever o espaço da mulher à esfera privada do lar, no caso das perspectivas aristotélica e hegeliana, e como a subordinação de elementos descritivos a elementos prescritivos permitem que a mulher ascenda à esfera pública sob a perspectiva platônica. Após traçar esse esboço, buscar-se- á sugerir como essa tensão, no caso da filosofia política de Hegel, resultará, por um lado,numa explícita negação dos direitos políticos da mulher e, por outro, na possibilidade de vislumbrar a igualdade civil e política entre homens e mulheres a partir de um dispositivo interno e inerente ao sistema hegeliano, a saber, a noção de “segunda natureza” como reposição ética do natural.
TD-DFT calculations, electronic structure, natural bond orbital analysis, nonlinear optical properties electronic absorption spectra and antimicrobial activity application of new bis-spiropipridinon/pyrazole derivatives
Authors: Halim Shimaa Abdel 
Published: December 2018

A new bis-spiropipridinon/pyrazole compound and some of its derivatives are characterized in terms of several theoretical parameters such as density of states (DOS), molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs), non-linear optical (NLO) properties and electrophilicity. The electronic structure and nonlinear optical properties of the studied compounds 1-5 are investigated theoretically at the DFT-B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory. The effect of substituents of different strengths on the geometry and energetic are analyzed and discussed. The static dipole moment (µ), polarizability (α), anisotropy polarizability (Δα), and first order hyperpolarizability (βtot), are parameters for NLO of the studied compounds have been calculated at the same level of theory and compared with the prototype para-nitro-aniline (PNA). The electronic absorption spectra of the studied compounds are recorded in the UV-VIS region, in both ethanol and dioxane solvents. The theoretical spectra computed at a new hybrid exchange-correlation functional using the Coulomb-attenuating method (CAM-B3LYP) at the 6-311G(d,p) bases set in gas phase and with the polarizable continuum model (PCM) in dioxane and ethanol indicate a good agreement with the observed spectra. The antimicrobial activity for studied compounds was investigated. The antimicrobial activity results revealed that compound 4 has a good potency against Gram positive bacteria (E. coli) and Gram negative bacteria (P. vulgaris) in comparison with doxymycin standard. The structure activity relationship SAR has been studied for the studied compounds by DFT calculations, moreover, confirmed practical antimicrobial activity results.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of methyl 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
Authors: Aydin Abdullah , Akkurt Mehmet , Gur Zehra Tugce , Banoglu Erden 
Published: December 2018

The title compound, C13H12Cl2N2O2, crystallizes with six molecules in the asymmetric unit, such that, the 1H-pyrazole rings are essentially planar. The six molecules are stabilized by intramolecular C-H···N and C-H···Cl interactions and the crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C-H···O hydrogen bonds, forming molecular sheets into paralel to the (-1 1 0) plane. These sheets are connected to each other by C-H···O hydrogen bonds and C-H···π interactions. In the Hirshfeld surface analysis, the H···H, Cl···H/H···Cl, C···H/H···C, O···H/H···O, N···H/H···N, Cl···Cl, Cl···O/O···Cl interactions add to 95.8% of the intermolecular contacts of the Hirshfeld surface area. The remaining contributions (2.9%) correspond to Cl···C/C···Cl, C···O/O···C, O···O and N···N interactions. Crystal Data for C13H12Cl2N2O2 (M = 299.15 g/mol): Triclinic, space group P-1 (no. 2), a = 12.0505(10) Å, b = 12.3189(11) Å, c = 29.184(3) Å, α = 88.565(4)°, β = 89.296(4)°, γ = 76.833(4)°, V = 4217.0(7) Å3, Z = 12, T = 296(2) K, μ(MoKα) = 0.460 mm-1, Dcalc = 1.414 g/cm3, 83073 reflections measured (2.8° ≤ 2Θ ≤ 47°), 12426 unique (Rint = 0.0411, Rsigma = 0.0235) which were used in all calculations. The final R1 was 0.0662 (I > 2σ(I)) and wR2 was 0.2481 (all data).
Effect of Preoperative Opioid Usage on Pain After Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Curtis William , Rounds Alexis D. , Stone Michael , Vangsness C. Thomas , Weber Alexander E. , Hatch George F. “Rick” , Omid Reza 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Preoperative opioid use has recently been associated with increased perioperative pain. This study evaluates the effect of preoperative opioid use on postoperative pain and duration of opioid use after total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).

Methods:
We retrospectively identified 138 TSAs (69.1% reverse and 30.9% anatomic) between January 2013 and April 2017 that met inclusion criteria. Patients were stratified into two groups based on opioid usage within the 4 weeks before surgery. Primary outcome was resting pain at 3 months postoperatively using a 10-point numerical rating scale system. Duration of postoperative opioid consumption was also recorded and compared between cohorts.

Results:
The opioid cohort (n = 50) reported significantly greater resting pain and pain with activity at 3 months postoperatively, at which time the reported numerical rating scale pain scores were 1.6 and 2.8 points greater in the opioid cohort compared with the non-opioid cohort (P < 0.001). Preoperative opioid use strongly predicted postoperative opioid use at all follow-up time points (P < 0.0001).

Discussion:
Preoperative opioid consumption is associated with higher pain and increased duration of opioid use after TSA.
Utilization of Drains and Association With Outcomes: A Population-Based Study Using National Data on Knee Arthroplasties
Authors: Poeran Jashvant , Ippolito Katherine , Brochin Robert , Zubizarreta Nicole , Mazumdar Madhu , Galatz Leesa M. , Moucha Calin S. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Although surgical drains have been used routinely in total knee arthroplasties (TKAs), results from several large trials have led to recommendations against their use. Because national data are lacking, we aimed at assessing utilization patterns of drains and perioperative outcomes in TKA procedures.

Methods:
We included 1,130,124 TKA procedures from the national claims-based Premier Healthcare Database (2006 to 2016). Patients receiving a drain were compared with those who did not. Multivariable multilevel models measured associations between drain use and blood transfusions, postoperative infections, 30-day readmission, and length/cost of hospitalization. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are reported. Propensity score analyses were performed to assess the robustness of results.

Results:
Drain use decreased from 33.0% (n = 22,901 of 69,370) in 2006 to 15.6% (n = 19,418 of 124,440) in 2016 and was particularly higher in large (>500 beds; 27.1%) and nonteaching hospitals (26.9%). After adjustment for relevant covariates, the use of drains (compared with no use) was significantly associated with increases in particularly blood transfusions (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 1.30 n = 138,306 total transfusions), whereas minimal effects were seen for other outcomes. Propensity score analyses confirmed these results.

Discussion:
Although retrospective, the current study provides an important insight into real-world clinical practice regarding the use of drains. With current evidence not supporting their use in TKA, we found that national utilization is slowly decreasing. Moreover, because drain use is associated with negative outcomes, future studies should focus on drivers of their continued use.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, therapeutic study
Use of Systematic Approach in Accident Risk Analysis for Motorcyclists: A Conceptual Idea
Authors: Da Costa Don Gaspar Noesaku , Malkhamah Siti , Suparma Latif Budi 
Published: December 2018

Thus far, minimum stopping sight distance (SSD) is determined based on design speed, a minimum reaction time of 1.64 s and a deceleration rate of 3.4 m/s², whereas in certain situations the latter can be shorter than 1 s and higher than 4.5 m/s². Awareness of this can trigger speculative behavior, as can be seen from the choice of speed and/or the critical crossing gap, which is often smaller than the recommended minimum SSD. This study focused on the development of an appropriate minimum SSD model that is suited to risky conditions at an un-signalized intersection and its possible usage in accident risk evaluation, particularly for motorcyclists. The data were taken from direct measurements and related studies. Variables that potentially influence minimum SSD were tested. The results strongly suggest that the speed reduction achieved by downshifting significantly influences both the braking distance and the impact speed. Moreover, the minimum SSD obtained from the proposed model significantly differs from that obtained from a similar model recommended by AASHTO. Therefore, it is worthwhile to consider the application of the proposed minimum SSD as an accident probability indicator parameter.
A Study of Vowel Nasalization and Vowel Epenthesis Processes in Cameroon Francophone English
Authors: Tagne Safotso Gilbert 
Published: December 2018

Unlike Cameroon English and Received Pronunciation, Cameroon Francophone English has a number of nasal and epenthetic vowels. Those nasal vowels are generally French ones, as Cameroon Francophone English is heavily influenced by that language. The epenthetic vowels found in Cameroon Francophone English as in many other non-native Englishes are difficult to explain. Part of the data analysed is drawn from past studies (Safotso 2001, 2006, 2012 & 2015; Kouega 2008). This is complemented by the oral reading of some test words by French-speaking Cameroonian undergraduate/postgraduate students and some speech gathered from debates and interventions on various national TV channels and radio stations. Results show that in Cameroon Francophone English, vowel nasalization and vowel epenthesis occur in specific positions. This paper attempts to show how they operate in that variety of English.
Disturbance of Native Americans as Reflected in Selected Folkloric Poems of Luci Tapahonso, Joy Harjo and Simon Ortiz
Authors: Allawi Saddam Widad , Roselezam Wan Yahya Wan , Kaur A/P Jujar Singh Hardev , Mani Manimangai 
Published: December 2018

As a result of colonialization and assimilation, the natives were disturbed between past and present. Adopting the colonizer culture, style of life, language and changing home place come together in the mind of Native American people and lead them to be confused; they intermingle between past and present. They want to be themselves but the colonizer wants them to be the others. This feeling of disturbance affected Native American people, especially the chosen poets for this study. This paper shows how Native American people reflect their disturbance toward the colonization in their folkloric poetry. It explains how each element of folklore represents their disturbance towards the colonizer’s dominant culture. This paper will be done under postcolonial framework utilizing Frantz Fanon’s second views about the natives. Disturbance follows assimilation and they together forced Native Americans to present fighting literature which shows the third phase of Fanon.
Frontal polymerization accelerated by continuous conductive elements
Authors: Goli Elyas , Robertson Ian D. , Agarwal Harshit , Pruitt Emmy L. , Grolman Joshua M. , Geubelle Philippe H. , Moore Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTFrontal polymerization (FP), a propagating reaction wave driven by exothermic polymerization, is increasingly considered for the rapid fabrication of fiber‐reinforced composites. However, the effect of the fibers on the FP reaction has not yet been explored. In this contribution, we demonstrate that thermally conductive continuous elements accelerate FP using an experimental model system and finite‐element‐based numerical simulations. Furthermore, the degree of acceleration is shown to be affected by the amount of available monomer in the system. These results suggest that thermally conductive carbon fiber reinforcement may facilitate FP for composite manufacturing. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47418.
A scaled‐down model for the translation of bacteriophage culture to manufacturing scale
Authors: Ali Junaid , Rafiq Qasim , Ratcliffe Elizabeth 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTherapeutic bacteriophages are emerging as a potential alternative to antibiotics and synergistic treatment of antimicrobial‐resistant infections. This is reflected by their use in an increasing number of recent clinical trials. Many more therapeutic bacteriophage is being investigated in preclinical research and due to the bespoke nature of these products with respect to their limited infection spectrum, translation to the clinic requires combined understanding of the biology underpinning the bioprocess and how this can be optimized and streamlined for efficient methods of scalable manufacture. Bacteriophage research is currently limited to laboratory scale studies ranging from 1–20 ml, emerging therapies include bacteriophage cocktails to increase the spectrum of infectivity and require multiple large‐scale bioreactors (up to 50 L) containing different bacteriophage–bacterial host reactions. Scaling bioprocesses from the milliliter scale to multi‐liter large‐scale bioreactors is challenging in itself, but performing this for individual phage‐host bioprocesses to facilitate reliable and robust manufacture of phage cocktails increases the complexity. This study used a full factorial design of experiments approach to explore key process input variables (temperature, time of infection, multiplicity of infection, agitation) for their influence on key process outputs (bacteriophage yield, infection kinetics) for two bacteriophage–bacterial host bioprocesses (T4 – Escherichia coli; Phage K – Staphylococcus aureus). The research aimed to determine common input variables that positively influence output yield and found that the temperature at the point of infection had the greatest influence on bacteriophage yield for both bioprocesses. The study also aimed to develop a scaled down shake‐flask model to enable rapid optimization of bacteriophage batch bioprocessing and translate the bioprocess into a scale‐up model with a 3 L working volume in stirred tank bioreactors. The optimization performed in the shake flask model achieved a 550‐fold increase in bacteriophage yield and these improvements successfully translated to the large‐scale cultures.
Transforming brain signals related to value evaluation and self‐control into behavioral choices
Authors: Zha Rujing , Bu Junjie , Wei Zhengde , Han Long , Zhang Pengyu , Ren Jiecheng , Li Ji‐An , Wang Ying , Yang Lizhuang , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine , Zhang Xiaochu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe processes involved in value evaluation and self‐control are critical when making behavioral choices. However, the evidence linking these two types of processes to behavioral choices in intertemporal decision‐making remains elusive. As the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), striatum, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) have been associated with these two processes, we focused on these three regions. We employed functional magnetic resonance imaging during a delayed discounting task (DDT) using a relatively large sample size, three independent samples. We evaluated how much information about a specific choice could be decoded from local patterns in each brain area using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA). To investigate the relationship between the dlPFC and vmPFC/striatum regions, we performed a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis. In Experiment I, we found that the vmPFC and dlPFC, but not the striatum, could determine choices in healthy participants. Furthermore, we found that the dlPFC showed significant functional connectivity with the vmPFC, but not the striatum, when making decisions. These results could be replicated in Experiment II with an independent sample of healthy participants. In Experiment III, the choice‐decoding accuracy in the vmPFC and dlPFC was lower in patients with addiction (smokers and participants with Internet gaming disorder) than in healthy participants, and decoding accuracy in the dlPFC was related to impulsivity in addicts. Taken together, our findings may provide neural evidence supporting the hypothesis that value evaluation and self‐control processes both guide the intertemporal choices, and might provide potential neural targets for the diagnosis and treatment of impulsivity‐related brain disorders.