bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid lowering in dialysis patients with cardiovascular disease who are awaiting kidney transplantation
Authors: Aziz Fahad , Garg Neetika , Parajuli Sandesh , Djamali Arjang , Stein James H. , Mandelbrot Didier 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDyslipidemias are highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease, end‐stage renal disease, and kidney transplant patients. These dyslipidemias are associated with high cardiovascular risk and mortality. Many clinical trials have shown that statin therapy can significantly reduce adverse cardiovascular events in chronic kidney disease patients and kidney transplant recipients. However, three major trials did not show a benefit of statin therapy in end‐stage renal disease patients on dialysis. Major guidelines either recommend against the use of statins in patients on dialysis or provide no recommendations about statin use for this complex patient population. As a result, we suspect many patients on dialysis are not on statins, even if they have known atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. When these patients receive kidney transplants, the risk of adverse cardiovascular events increases in the peri‐operative period. Although there are no randomized clinical trials looking at statin use in these patients, we suggest that statin use be considered in patients with a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, to potentially minimize peri‐operative cardiovascular complications. We also recommend further research to determine whether statin therapy in dialysis patients awaiting kidney transplant is associated with better survival.
Mealtime fast‐acting insulin aspart versus insulin aspart for controlling postprandial hyperglycaemia in people with insulin‐resistant Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bowering K. , Harvey J. , Kolaczynski J. W. , Snyder J. W. , Bode B. W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThis post hoc analysis explored whether mealtime fast‐acting insulin aspart treatment provided an advantage in postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) control vs. insulin aspart in people with Type 2 diabetes receiving high doses of bolus insulin.MethodsA post hoc, post‐randomization, subgroup analysis of a 26‐week, randomized, double‐blind, treat‐to‐target trial (onset 2) that compared mealtime fast‐acting insulin aspart vs. mealtime insulin aspart, both in a basal–bolus regimen, in people with Type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on basal insulin therapy and metformin. At the end of trial, the impact of fast‐acting insulin aspart and insulin aspart on PPG control was assessed with a standard liquid meal test and participants were grouped into three post‐randomization subgroups: meal test bolus insulin dose ≤ 10 units per dose (n = 171), > 10–20 units per dose (n = 289) and > 20 units per dose (n = 146).ResultsA statistically significant treatment difference in favour of fast‐acting insulin aspart vs. insulin aspart was observed for the change in PPG increment at all post‐meal time points (from 1 to 4 h) for those in the > 20 units bolus insulin subgroup. There was no difference in the magnitude of change from baseline in HbA1c level between fast‐acting insulin aspart and insulin aspart in any of the bolus insulin dose subgroups (data herein).ConclusionFast‐acting insulin aspart may hold promise as a more effective treatment compared with insulin aspart for controlling PPG in people with insulin‐resistant Type 2 diabetes.
Oral reserpine administration in horses results in low plasma concentrations that alter platelet biology
Authors: Gilbertie J. M. , Davis J. L. , Davidson G. S. , McDonald A. M. , Schirmer J. M. , Schnabel L. V. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryBackgroundReserpine is a popular drug in the equine industry for long‐term tranquilisation. Clinical observations revealed that blood from horses receiving oral reserpine was hypercoagulable. No studies have documented the pharmacokinetics of orally administered reserpine nor the effects of reserpine on platelets in horses.ObjectivesTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics of oral reserpine in horses and the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of reserpine on platelet functionality in vitro.Study designExperimental controlled study.MethodsThe pharmacokinetics of oral reserpine (2.5 mg/horse, once) were determined in six healthy adult horses. Plasma samples were collected and concentrations of reserpine were determined by UPLC‐MS/MS. Using this data, the in vitro effects of reserpine on platelets were examined. Aggregation, adhesion and releasate assays for serotonin and thromboxane B2 were performed on platelets exposed to varying concentrations of reserpine (0.01–10 ng/mL), aspirin (negative control) and saline (unexposed control).ResultsOral reserpine administration demonstrated low plasma concentrations with a Cmax of 0.2 ± 0.06 ng/mL and a prolonged half‐life of 23.6 ± 6.24 h. Simulations over a dose range of 2–8 μg/kg predicted Cmax at steady state between 0.06–0.9 ng/mL. Platelets exposed to these reserpine concentrations in vitro displayed increased aggregation and adhesion compared to unexposed or aspirin‐exposed platelets as well as compared to higher concentrations of reserpine. These functional changes correlated with lower concentrations of serotonin and higher concentrations of thromboxane B2 in the platelet suspension supernatant.Main limitationsThis study used a small number of horses and only in vitro platelet experiments.ConclusionsOral reserpine demonstrates low plasma concentrations and a prolonged half‐life in horses. At these concentrations, reserpine causes significant changes in platelet function, most likely due to serotonin release and re‐uptake which primes platelets for activation and thromboxane B2 release. These findings suggest that clinicians should harvest blood for biological processing prior to the onset of reserpine administration.
c‐Rel is a cell cycle modulator in human melanoma cells
Authors: Priebe Marie K. , Dewert Nadin , Amschler Katharina , Erpenbeck Luise , Heinzerling Lucie , Schön Michael P. , Seitz Cornelia S. , Lorenz Verena N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMelanoma progression and resistance to therapy are associated with faulty regulation of signalling molecules including the central transcription factor NF‐κB. Increased expression of the c‐Rel subunit of NF‐κB has been described in progressing melanoma, though mechanistic implications of this upregulation remain unclear. To elucidate the functional role of c‐Rel in melanoma biology, we have assessed its expression in human melanoma as well as in melanoma cell lines. Suppression of c‐Rel expression in four melanoma cell lines resulted in reduced growth and altered cell cycle regulation, namely G2/M and polyploid phase induction. Moreover, mitotic spindle morphology was profoundly altered in three of the cell lines with a predominance of monopolar structures. These findings suggest that c‐Rel is involved in G2/M phase regulation, prevention of polyploidy and, consequently, chromosomal stability. Our results highlight a novel tumor‐promoting function of c‐Rel in human melanoma cells through governing cell cycle regulation.
Three‐dimensional multiscale finite element models for in‐service performance assessment of bridges
Authors: Mashayekhi Maryam , Santini‐Bell Erin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAccurate representation of the structural performance of civil engineering structures, specifically complex bridge structures, may be achieved through an efficient multiscale finite element (FE) model. Multiscale FE modeling couples multiple dimensions of elements in a single model. In this study, the selected existing multipoint constraint equations applied in planar coupling conditions are modified and refined for out‐of‐plane coupling conditions in a single three‐dimensional FE model. Also, the optimum location for the interface points of different elements is determined to improve the model's accuracy and efficiency. The present case study, the Memorial Bridge in Portsmouth, NH, is a vertical lift bridge, which includes novel gusset‐less connections. These connections have complex geometries and therefore require finer dimension elements to represent the structural behavior, while the remainder of the structure is modeled with coarser dimension elements. To achieve an accurate and efficient multiscale model of the Memorial Bridge, multiple global FE models are developed and the predicted structural responses are verified with respect to the field‐collected structural responses of the bridge.
The Ability of Functionalized Fullerenes and Surface‐Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles to Photosensitize Peroxidation of Lipids in Selected Model Systems
Authors: Kozinska Anna , Zadlo Andrzej , Labuz Przemyslaw , Broniec Agnieszka , Pabisz Pawel , Sarna Tadeusz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhotochemical properties of a new class of inorganic nanoparticles, namely a cationic C60 fullerene substituted with three quaternary pyrrolidinium groups (BB6) and a surface‐modified nanocrystalline TiO2 with bromopyrogallol red (Brp@TiO2) were examined for their effectiveness in photogenerating singlet oxygen and free radicals. In particular, their ability to photosensitize peroxidation of unsaturated lipids was analyzed in POPC:cholesterol liposomes and B16 mouse melanoma cells employing a range of spectroscopic and analytical methods. Because melanoma cells typically are pigmented, we examined the effect of melanin on the photosensitized peroxidation of lipids in liposomes and B16 melanoma cells, mediated by BB6 and Brp@TiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained results suggest that peroxidation of unsaturated lipids, photosensitized by BB6 occurs mainly, although not exclusively, via Type II mechanism involving singlet oxygen. On the other hand, if surface‐modified TiO2 is used as a photosensitizer, Type I mechanism of lipid peroxidation dominates, as indicated by the predominant formation of the free radical‐dependent cholesterol oxidation products. The protective effect of melanin was particularly evident when BB6 was used as a photosensitizer, suggesting that melanin could efficiently interfere with Type II processes.
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVA + UVB) on Germination of Carpospores of the Red MacroalgaPyropia acanthophora var. brasiliensis(Rhodophyta, Bangiales): Morphological Changes
Authors: Pereira Débora Tomazi , Batista Deonir , Filipin Elisa Poltronieri , Bouzon Zenilda Laurita , Simioni Carmen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarpospores ofPyropia acanthophora var. brasiliensisare dispersion and reproduction units responsible for giving rise to the diploid filamentous structure of this alga's life cycle. The present study assesses the anthropogenic impact of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on morphology and ultrastructure, spore viability, autofluorescence of chloroplasts and the amount of intensity ofROSduring the germination of carpospores. Carpospores were cultivated at 24 ± 1°C, 40 ± 10 μmol photons m−2 s−1with photoperiod of 12 h and exposed toUVAR + UVBRfor 3 h a day for 2 days with a daily dose of 5.05 J cm−2forUVARand 0.095 J cm−2forUVBR. Samples were cultured for another five days exposed only toPARin order to confirm their viability after the initial 2‐day exposure. Carpospores showed significant sensitivity toUVRexposure after only 48 h, including changes in developmental rate, overall morphology, cell organization and chloroplast autofluorescence.UVRexposure inhibited germ tube formation in carpospores, which were mostly nonviable and/or altered, showing retracted cytoplasm and disorganized cytoplasmic content. Even in the absence ofUVRexposure, carpospores remained collapsed, indicating irreversible damage. It can be concluded thatUVRis a limiting factor for the development ofP. acanthophora.
A review of the multiple benefits of mussel farming
Authors: Suplicy Felipe Matarazzo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis review analyses how mussel farming can contribute to the challenge of feeding the current and future world population in a more efficient and sustainable way. The analysis lays a foundation of the main issues with current practices of animal protein production, and compares them with the alternative of a massive expansion of mussel farming as a means to produce high‐quality protein for human and animal nutrition. The review also covers the ecological goods and services that mussels provide to the ocean and to the atmosphere, the health of mussel products, and the many potential uses of by‐products from the mussel industry in agriculture, in wastewater treatment, and in the feed industry.
A wheat dominant dwarfing line with Rht12, which reduces stem cell length and affects gibberellic acid synthesis, is a 5AL terminal deletion line
Authors: Sun Linhe , Yang Wenlong , Li Yafei , Shan Qiangqiang , Ye Xiaobin , Wang Dongzhi , Yu Kang , Lu Weiwen , Xin Peiyong , Pei Zhong , Guo Xiaoli , Liu Dongcheng , Sun Jiazhu , Zhan Kehui , Chu Jinfang , Zhang Aimin 
Published: November 2018

SummaryDwarfing and semi‐dwarfing are important agronomic traits that have great potential for the improvement of wheat yields. Rht12, a dominant gibberellic acid (GA)‐responsive dwarfing gene from the gamma‐ray‐induced wheat mutant Karcagi 522M7K, is located in the long arm of chromosome 5A, which is closely linked with the locus Xwmc410. Rht12 is likely an ideal gene for GA biosynthesis and deactivation research in common wheat. However, information on the Rht12 locus and sequence is lacking. In this study, Rht12 significantly shortened stem cell length and decreased GA biosynthetic components. Using bulked segregant RNA‐Seq, wheat 660k single nucleotide polymorphism chip detection, and newly developed simple sequence repeat markers, Rht12 was mapped to a 11.21‐Mb region at the terminal end of chromosome 5AL, and was found to be closely linked with the Xw5ac207SSR marker with a 10.73‐Mb fragment deletion in all of the homologous dwarfing plants. Transcriptome analyses of the remaining 483‐kb region showed significantly higher expression of the TraesCS5A01G543100 gene encoding the GA metabolic enzyme GA 2‐β‐dioxygenase in dwarfing plants than in high stalk plants, suggesting that Rht12 reduces plant height by activating TaGA2ox‐A14. Taken together, our findings will promote cloning and functional studies of Rht12 in common wheat.
Collateral vessels on optical coherence tomography angiography in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Suzuki Norihiro , Hirano Yoshio , Tomiyasu Taneto , Kurobe Ryo , Yasuda Yusuke , Esaki Yuya , Yasukawa Tsutomu , Yoshida Munenori , Ogura Yuichiro 
Published: November 2018

AimsTo detect collateral vessels using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and to investigate the associations with visual outcomes and macular oedema.MethodsEyes with macular oedema secondary to BRVO that underwent OCTA at baseline and were followed up for more than 6 months were enrolled. The presence of collaterals, whether the collaterals were leaky or not, and the associations with visual outcomes and macular oedema were investigated.ResultsTwenty-eight eyes of 28 patients (8 men and 20 women; mean age, 68 years) were enrolled. Collaterals were detected in 23 eyes (82%) and already existed at the initial visit. Collaterals were more frequently detected in eyes with major BRVO or ischaemic type. One-third of the collaterals were leaky and all of the leaky collaterals had microaneurysms (MAs) inside. Macular oedema in eyes with collaterals was more quickly and frequently resolved than that in eyes without collaterals, but there were no significant differences. Collateral vessel formation did not seem to impact on visual outcomes, but the mean baseline central retinal thickness (CRT) was significantly higher in eyes with collaterals, and the mean CRT reduction at 6 months after treatments was significantly greater than in eyes without collaterals.ConclusionsThese results suggest that collateral vessels are formed at the acute phase in eyes with BRVO. In addition, the presence of collaterals might be associated with absorption of macular oedema, but MAs formed in collaterals sometimes can cause macular oedema.
TP53and DNA-repair gene polymorphisms genotyping as a low-cost lung adenocarcinoma screening tool
Authors: Cavic Milena , Spasic Jelena , Krivokuca Ana , Boljevic Ivana , Kuburovic Mira , Radosavljevic Davorin , Jankovic Radmila 
Published: November 2018

AimTP53and DNA repair polymorphisms have been proposed as cancer risk factors. This study evaluated the usability ofTP53Arg72Pro single-nucleotide polymorphism,XRCC1Arg399Gln andRAD51G135C as a low-cost lung adenocarcinoma screening tool.Patients and methodsThis case–control study included 78 atients with lung adenocarcinoma and 79 healthy matched controls.TP53,XRCC1andRAD51genotyping was done by PCR followed by restriction length polymorphism. Descriptive analyses included genotype and allelic frequencies and deviations of the frequencies from those expected under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were assessed using the χ2test. The OR and 95% CIs were calculated as an estimate of relative risk, with significance set at p value <0.05.ResultsTheTP53codon 72 Pro allele and theXRCC1codon 399 Arg allele in a homozygous state were associated with lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.037; OR (95% CI) 2.42 (1.10 to 5.31)), that is, p=0.037; OR (95% CI) 2.16 (1.08 to 4.33), respectively. Also, carriers of theTP53codon 72 Pro allele and theXRCC1codon 399 ArgArg genotype older than 50 showed an even higher risk of developing lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.03 in both cases).ConclusionsTheTP53codon 72 Arg allele andXRCC1codon 399 Gln allele are likely to have a protective effect against lung adenocarcinoma, especially in individuals older than 50 years of age.XRCC1andTP53genotyping might be a useful low-cost tool for evaluating individual lung cancer risk, leading to earlier detection and management of this disease.
From gestalt to gene: early predictive dysmorphic features of PMM2-CDG
Authors: Martinez-Monseny Antonio , Cuadras Daniel , Bolasell Mercè , Muchart Jordi , Arjona César , Borregan Mar , Algrabli Adi , Montero Raquel , Artuch Rafael , Velázquez-Fragua Ramón , Macaya Alfons , Pérez-Cerdá Celia , Pérez-Dueñas Belén , Pérez Belén , Serrano Mercedes 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionPhosphomannomutase-2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG) is associated with a recognisable facial pattern. There are no early severity predictors for this disorder and no phenotype–genotype correlation. We performed a detailed dysmorphology evaluation to describe facial gestalt and its changes over time, to train digital recognition facial analysis tools and to identify early severity predictors.MethodsPaediatric PMM2-CDG patients were evaluated and compared with controls. A computer-assisted recognition tool was trained. Through the evaluation of dysmorphic features (DFs), a simple categorisation was created and correlated with clinical and neurological scores, and neuroimaging.ResultsDysmorphology analysis of 31 patients (4–19 years of age) identified eight major DFs (strabismus, upslanted eyes, long fingers, lipodystrophy, wide mouth, inverted nipples, long philtrum and joint laxity) with predictive value using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curveanalysis (p<0.001). Dysmorphology categorisation using lipodystrophy and inverted nipples was employed to divide patients into three groups that are correlated with global clinical and neurological scores, and neuroimaging (p=0.005, 0.003 and 0.002, respectively). After Face2Gene training, PMM2-CDG patients were correctly identified at different ages.ConclusionsPMM2-CDG patients’ DFs are consistent and inform about clinical severity when no clear phenotype–genotype correlation is known. We propose a classification of DFs into major and minor with diagnostic risk implications. At present, Face2Gene is useful to suggest PMM2-CDG. Regarding the prognostic value of DFs, we elaborated a simple severity dysmorphology categorisation with predictive value, and we identified five major DFs associated with clinical severity. Both dysmorphology and digital analysis may help physicians to diagnose PMM2-CDG sooner.
No better outcome of using antibiotic broadly in hospitalized adult patients with leukocytosis in emergency department
Authors: Chang Chia‐Peng , Wu Shu‐Ruei , Lin Chun‐Nan 
Published: November 2018

Background:Leukocytosis is a common laboratory finding in emergency departments worldwide. Various infectious diseases are common causes of leukocytosis in hospitalized adult patients. Most emergency physicians have a high awareness of sepsis or severe infection, which requires empirical antibiotics. However, there are many other etiologies for leukocytosis. The outcome of prescribing broad‐spectrum antibiotics in the emergency department for leukocytosis patients is not well‐understood.Objectives:Our objectives were to determine whether prescribing antibiotics in the emergency department affect outcome for hospitalized adult patients with leukocytosis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study of hospitalized adult emergency department patients with leukocytosis was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Taiwan between June 2016 and June 2017. Patients with leukocytosis (white blood cell count >11,000 cells per μL) who were admitted via the emergency department at the Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, from June 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled. Patients aged ⩽18 years, pregnant women, those who received prophylactic antibiotics prior to operation, and those with a final diagnosis of hematologic malignancy were excluded from this study. The primary outcome measure was hospital stay, and the secondary outcome measure was mortality. All collected data were statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 8054 hospitalized adult patients with leukocytosis were included (the exclusion criteria included patients aged ⩽18 years, pregnant women, those who received prophylactic antibiotics prior to surgery, and those with a final diagnosis of hematologic malignancy); all patients were admitted via the emergency department. In all, 4486 patients received initial antibiotic treatment in the emergency department, whereas 3568 patients did not receive antibiotics in the emergency department and ward/intensive care unit within 3 days. There was no statistically significant difference in hospital days (p = 0.239) or mortality (p = 0.345) between those who received and did not receive antibiotics in the emergency department.Conclusion:Hospitalized adult patients with leukocytosis did not necessarily require antibiotics in the emergency department except when they had a differential diagnosis that requires antibiotic treatment.