bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Valve Size on Prosthesis–Patient Mismatch and Aortic Valve Gradient After Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Aalaei-Andabili Seyed Hossein , Lee Teng C. , Waheed Nida , Bavry Anthony A. , Petersen John W. , Wayangankar Siddharth , Arnaoutakis George J. , David Anderson R. , Beaver Thomas M. 
Published: May 2019

Objective Limited data is available about the effect of implanted valve size on prosthesis–patient mismatch (PPM) incidence and aortic gradient (AG) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). We compared PPM incidence and postprocedural AG between TAVR and SAVR patients considering the impact of implanted valve size. Methods From March 20, 2012, to September 30, 2015, 563 consecutive patients underwent TAVR ( n = 419) or isolated SAVR ( n = 144). Postprocedural transthoracic echocardiography was obtained within 30 days; AG, effective orifice area (EOA), and EOA index were calculated. Results A total of 381 patients in TAVR group and 82 patients in SAVR group were included. Mean preoperative AG and mean aortic valve area were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Postprocedural AG was significantly lower in TAVR than SAVR group, 7.74 ± 5.39 versus 14.27 ± 8.16 ( P < 0.001). Between patients who had TAVR and SAVR with a valve size ≤23 mm, SAVR patients were 3 times more likely to have greater than mild AG after the procedure, OR: 3.1 (95% CI, 1.1 to 8.9) ( P < 0.001). PPM incidence was significantly higher in SAVR group than TAVR group, 44 (53.7%) versus 112 (29.4%), OR = 2.8 (95% CI, 1.7 to 4.5) ( P < 0.001). The PPM incidence was also higher in SAVR group than TAVR group among those who had the procedures with a valve size ≤23 mm, 35 (64.8%) versus 56 (47.9%), OR = 2 (95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9) ( P = 0.048). Postprocedural outcomes were comparable between the 2 groups. Conclusions In comparison to SAVR, TAVR is associated with less PPM and lower AG, especially in patients receiving a valve size ≤23 mm.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of In Vitro Expanded Chondrocytes: MSC-Like Cells With No Evidence of Distinct Subsets
Authors: Karlsen Tommy A. , Sundaram Arvind Y. M. , Brinchmann Jan E. 
Published: May 2019

Objective To investigate the heterogeneity of in vitro expanded chondrocytes used for autologous chondrocyte implantation. Methods Human articular chondrocytes were expanded in vitro for 14 days, sorted into 86 single cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. Principal component, Cross R2 hierarchical clustering, and differential gene expression analyses were used for data evaluation. Flow cytometry and single-cell RT-qPCR (reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction) was used to validate the results of the RNA sequencing data Polyclonal chondrocyte populations from the same donor were differentiated in vitro toward the osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Results There was considerable variation in gene expression between individual cells, but we found no evidence for separate cell subpopulations based on principal component, hierarchical clustering, and differential gene expression analysis. Most of the cells expressed all the markers defining mesenchymal stem cells, and as polyclonal chondrocyte populations from the same donor were shown to differentiate into osteocytes and adipocytes in vitro, these cells formally qualify as mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusions In vitro expanded chondrocytes consist of one single population of cells with heterogeneity in gene expression between the cells. Dedifferentiated chondrocytes qualify as mesenchymal stem cells as they fulfill all the criteria suggested by the International Society for Cellular Therapy.
MON-407 Tumor Control after Radiotherapy and Temozolomide in a Cushing's Disease Patient with Giant Aggressive Pituitary Tumor
Authors: Valente do Couto Hugo , Peres Bruna , Sampaio Klevia , de Castro Musolino Nina , Cescato Valter , Silva Gilberto , Souza Evandro , Fragoso Maria , Bronstein Marcello , Machado Marcio 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Typical ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas are benign tumors, microadenomas, successfully treated by neurosurgery. However, 10-20% of Cushing’s disease (CD) patients have macroadenomas, sometimes invasive and aggressive cases with poorer surgical prognosis needing additional approaches. Temozolomide (TMZ), second generation alkylating agent, has been used alone or in combination to other medications/radiotherapy (RTX) for tumor control of aggressive pituitary adenomas and carcinomas. We report one patient with giant aggressive corticotropinoma that presented control tumor with RTX and TMZ after four pituitary surgeries unable to uncontroll tumor growth. Clinical Case: A 18-year-old female patient presented with weight gain, red moon face, supraclavicular fullness, dorsal hump, large purple striae, acanthosis nigricans, secondary amenorrhea, frontotemporal headache, visual impairment and right palpebral ptosis. Hormonal analysis confirmed ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Pituitary MRI showed the presence of a large selar and suprasellar expansive lesion of 5.2X5.1X4.0 cm with displacement of third ventricle, hypothalamus and lateral ventricles. The patient was submitted to the first neurosurgery (transsphenoidal route) with partial resection. Pathological analyses confirmed pituitary adenoma positive for ACTH, Ki-67 8%, negative p53 and 7 mitoses/10 field of great increase. Subsequent surgery was done by craniotomy with partial resection. Cabergoline 2 mg/week was started but the tumor keeps growing with worsening of visual complaints and increase of cortisol levels. At admission in our center, we planned new surgeries do remove the maximal tumor possible (debulking) and subsequent RTX and TMZ. She was submitted to third surgery by transsphenoidal route and the last surgical procedure by craniotomy. MRI pre-RTX done three months after the 4th surgery showed remnant tumor of 3.5X3.0X3.0 cm. Fractioned stereotaxic radiotherapy was done with linear accelerator in a total of 54 Gy divided in 30 sessions. TMZ was initiated in a dose of 150 m2/day, cycles of five days/month, using for 14 months. Pituitary MRI 3, 6 and 10 months after TMZ showed a small reduction of tumor with increase of intratumor cystic areas. Conclusion: The combined use of TMZ and radiotherapy is an important approach for the treatment of rapidly growing, aggressive pituitary ACTH-secreting tumors resistant to conventional treatment.
Digital Approaches to Text Reuse in the Early Chinese Corpus
Authors: Sturgeon Donald 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Observed textual similarities between different pieces of writing are frequently cited by textual scholars as grounds for interpretative stances about the meaning of a passage and its authorship, authenticity, and accuracy. Historically, identifying occurrences of such similarities has been a matter of extensive knowledge and recall of the content and locations of passages contained within certain texts, together with painstaking manual comparison by examining printed copies, use of concordances, or more recently, appropriate use of full-text searchable database systems. The development of increasingly comprehensive and accurate digital corpora of early Chinese transmitted writing raises many opportunities to study these phenomena using more systematic digital techniques. These offer the promise of not only vast savings in time and labor but also new insights made possible only through exhaustive comparisons of types that would be entirely impractical without the use of computational methods.
This article investigates and contrasts unsupervised techniques for the identification of textual similarities in premodern Chinese works in general, and the classical corpus in particular, taking the text of the Mozi 墨子 as a concrete example. While specific examples are presented in detail to concretely demonstrate the utility and potential of the techniques discussed, all of the methods described are generally applicable to a wide range of materials. With this in mind, this article also introduces an open-access platform designed to help researchers quickly and easily explore these phenomena within those materials most relevant to their own work.
Preliminary study on the application of deep learning system to diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome on CT images
Authors: Kise Yoshitaka , Ikeda Haruka , Fujii Takeshi , Fukuda Motoki , Ariji Yoshiko , Fujita Hiroshi , Katsumata Akitoshi , Ariji Eiichiro 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:This study estimated the diagnostic performance of a deep learning system for detection of Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) on CT, and compared it with the performance of radiologists.Methods:CT images were assessed from 25 patients confirmed to have SjS based on the both Japanese criteria and American-European Consensus Group criteria and 25 control subjects with no parotid gland abnormalities who were examined for other diseases. 10 CT slices were obtained for each patient. From among the total of 500 CT images, 400 images (200 from 20 SjS patients and 200 from 20 control subjects) were employed as the training data set and 100 images (50 from 5 SjS patients and 50 from 5 control subjects) were used as the test data set. The performance of a deep learning system for diagnosing SjS from the CT images was compared with the diagnoses made by six radiologists (three experienced and three inexperienced radiologists).Results:The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the deep learning system were 96.0%, 100% and 92.0%, respectively. The corresponding values of experienced radiologists were 98.3%, 99.3% and 97.3% being equivalent to the deep learning, while those of inexperienced radiologists were 83.5%, 77.9% and 89.2%. The area under the curve of inexperienced radiologists were significantly different from those of the deep learning system and the experienced radiologists.Conclusions:The deep learning system showed a high diagnostic performance for SjS, suggesting that it could possibly be used for diagnostic support when interpreting CT images.
A comparative study on image quality of two digital intraoral sensors
Authors: Aziman Cinar , Hellén-Halme Kristina , Shi Xie-Qi 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to evaluate the subjective image quality and reliability of two digital sensors. In addition, the image quality of the two sensors evaluated by specialists and general dentists were compared.Methods:30 intraoral bitewings from five patients were included in the study, 15 were exposed with a Dixi sensor (CCD-based) and 15 with a ProSensor (CMOS-based) using modified parallel technique. Three radiologists and three general dentists evaluated the images in pair. A five-point scale was used to register the image quality. Visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis was performed to compare the image quality and the observer agreement was assessed in terms of intra class correlation co-efficient.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found on image quality between the sensors. The average scores of the observer agreement were moderate with an average of 0.66 and an interval of 0.30 to 0.87, suggesting that there was a large variation on preference of image quality. However, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of the area under the VGC- curves between the specialist group and the general dentist group ( p = 0.043), in which the specialist group tended to favor the ProSensor.ConclusionsSubjective image quality of the two intraoral sensors were comparable when evaluated by both general and oral radiologists. However, the radiologists seemed to prefer the ProSensor to the Dixi as compared to general dentists. Inter- observer conformance showed a large variation on the preference of the image quality.
Norms that Make a Difference: Social Practices and Institutions
Authors: Hindriks Frank 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Institutions are norm-governed social practices, or so I propose. But what does it mean for a norm to govern a social practice? Theories that analyze institutions as equilibria equate norms with sanctions and model them as costs. The idea is that the sanctions change preferences and thereby behavior. This view fails to capture the fact that people are often motivated by social norms as such, when they regard them as legitimate. I argue that, in order for a social norm to be perceived as legitimate, agents have to acknowledge reasons for conforming to it other than the sanctions they might incur for violating it. In light of this, I defend a theory of institutions that does not only invoke equilibria, but also normative rules that are supported by normative expectations and, in some cases, normative beliefs.
Weighted Estimates for Boundary Value Problems with Fractional Derivatives
Authors: Gavrilyuk Ivan P. , Makarov Volodymyr L. , Mayko Nataliya V. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We consider the Dirichlet boundary value problem for linear fractional differential
equations with the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives.
By transforming the boundary value problem to the integral equation,
some regularity properties of the exact solution are derived.
Based on these properties, the numerical solution of the boundary value
problems by a grid method is discussed and weighted estimates considering the boundary effect are obtained.
It is shown that the accuracy (the convergence rate) near the boundary is better than inside the domain
due to the influence of the Dirichlet boundary condition.
Influence of boric acid on radial structure of oxidized polyacrylonitrile fibers
Authors: Wang Xue-Fei , Zhu Xiao-Long , Jiang Chi , Guan Jian-Min , Qian Xin , Song Shu-Lin , Zhang Yong-Gang , Li De-Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe surface modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers with boric acid was utilized to modulate the homogeneity of the radial structure of the PAN fibers during thermal stabilization. Exothermic peaks of the fibers were put off by boric acid, and unreacted nitrile groups of the oxidized PAN fibers increased with the boron content, indicating that boric acid on the fiber surface had an retardant effect on the thermal stabilization of PAN fibers. The relative skin thicknesses of the oxidized PAN fibers were quantitatively measured by sulfuric acid etching and SEM observation. The value increased obviously with the boron content, which could be further elevated by increasing stabilization time or decreasing stabilization temperature. Oxidized PAN fibers with more homogeneous radial structure can thus be obtained with the modification of boric acid, which might be beneficial for the preparation of high performance carbon fibers.
Marangoni Convection Flow Along a Wavy Surface with Non-Linear Radiation
Authors: Siddiqa Sadia , Begum Naheed , Noor S. , Anwar Hossain Md. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A boundary-layer analysis is presented for steady, two-dimensional, Marangoni convection along an irregular surface. Thick radiation limit is considered to express the radiative heat flux. A coordinate transformation is adopted to convert the physical domain into computational domain. Implicit finite difference method is then used to obtain the solutions of the problem. The main purpose of this study is to demonstrate the radiation effects on the dissipative layers. Numerical solutions are presented in the form of skin friction coefficient, heat transfer coefficient, velocity and temperature profiles, streamlines and isotherms. It is observed that thermal radiation has a pronounced effect on the flow field and amplitude of the harmonic oscillations also decay with

R
d

$R_d$

. The momentum and thermal boundary-layer thickness increases as

R
d

$R_d$

gets augmented.
Konfuzius oder Nürnberger Trichter?
Authors: STEINMÜLLER Ulrich 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ein langlebiger und gern zitierter Mythos besagt, dass Unterrichtsorganisation und didaktische Konzepte des DaF-Unterrichts in China durch andauernde konfuzianische Traditionen geprägt seien und dass daher „moderne“, „westliche“ didaktische und methodische Konzepte nur schwer umzusetzen seien. Eine genauere Analyse zeigt allerdings, dass vor allem ausländische Einflüsse sowie mangelhafte didaktische Qualifikation chinesischer DaF-Lehrer für die beobachteten Schwierigkeiten ursächlich sind. Der vorliegende Artikel fordert daher eine Verstärkung der chinesischen didaktischen Forschung und eine intensive Umsetzung ihrer Ergebnisse in den chinesischen DaF-Unterricht.
Zur Authentizität der Hörmaterialien in chinesischen DaF-Lehrwerken
Authors: LIU Lu 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der Annäherung an reale Kommunikationssituationen in DaF-Lehrwerken spielt die Authentizität der Hörmaterialien eine wichtige Rolle für die chinesischen Deutschlernenden, die die Studienvorbereitung als ihr Ziel ansehen. In dem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse aus einem Vergleich ausgewählter chinesischer und deutscher DaF-Lehrwerke vorgestellt, indem die Hörmaterialien hinsichtlich ihrer Authentizität quantitativ und qualitativ untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse liefern wichtige Vorschläge für die Optimierung der DaF-Hörmaterialien in China.
Anwendungspotential und Adaption der Methode „Lernen durch Lehren“ im chinesischen Hochschulkontext
Authors: BLANK May Naomi 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Kann eine Lehrmethode weltweit eingesetzt werden oder muss sie jeweils an lokale Bildungskontexte angepasst werden? In diesem Beitrag wird ein Forschungsprojekt von 2015 bis 2016 vorgestellt, in dem die aus Deutschland stammende Methode „Lernen durch Lehren“ an der chinesischen Zhejiang-Universität getestet und evaluiert wurde. In der Methode „Lernen durch Lehren“ (LdL) erarbeiten Lernende eigenständig Unterrichtsthemen und vermitteln den Lehrstoff in der Rolle der Lehrkraft. Aus den Forschungsergebnissen der Studie geht hervor, dass die Methode auch mit TeilnehmerInnen (TN), die geringe Erfahrungen mit kommunikativer Didaktik haben, erfolgreich angewendet werden kann. Insbesondere in den Bereichen Sprechfähigkeit und Hörverstehen konnten erhebliche Erfolge verzeichnet werden; der Sprechanteil der TN erhöhte sich im Pilotprojekt ebenso wie die Lernerautonomie und Informationskompetenz der TN stark. Jedoch führte die Unterrichtsvorbereitung zu einer hohen Arbeitsbelastung für die Studierenden, denen es an didaktischer Erfahrung mangelte. Auch kulturelle Konzepte wie der Gesichtsverlust und ein durch das chinesische Schulsystem geprägtes Verständnis der Lehrerrolle beeinflussten die Implementierung. In diesem Beitrag wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass das Implementationsdesign der Methode LdL für den Einsatz in China kultursensitiv angepasst werden muss.
Acquired partial lipodystrophy with metabolic disease in children following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Hosokawa Mayumi , Shibata Hironori , Hosokawa Takahiro , Irie Junichiro , Ito Hiroshi , Hasegawa Tomonobu 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been newly identified as an etiology underlying acquired lipodystrophy (ALD). We report about two children with leukemia who underwent HSCT and later manifested aberrant fat distributions consistent with acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL). Both patients manifested graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), suggesting that GVHD may trigger lipodystrophy. The patients exhibited diabetic blood glucose patterns in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with high homeostasis model assessment ratios (HOMA-Rs), hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, and decreased serum leptin and adiponectin levels. Both patients were diagnosed with APL with metabolic disease. A review of the data of patients with ALD after HSCT revealed common clinical features, including aberrant fat distribution, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diabetes and dyslipidemia. Based on previous reports and our two cases, we speculate that GVHD in the adipose tissue supports the development of ALD after HSCT. In conclusion, children may develop APL after HSCT. Therefore, evaluations of fat distribution and metabolic disease may be important during the long-term follow-up of these patients.
An isolated Xp deletion is linked to autoimmune diseases in Turner syndrome
Authors: Stoklasova Judith , Zapletalova Jirina , Frysak Zdenek , Hana Vaclav , Cap Jan , Pavlikova Marketa , Soucek Ondrej , Lebl Jan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Females with Turner syndrome (TS) are prone to develop autoimmune diseases (AIDs). The X chromosome contains several immune-related genes. Growth hormone (GH) and estrogens modulate the immune system. We aimed to clarify whether the loss of a specific X chromosome gene locus and the administration of GH and estradiol facilitate the development of AIDs in TS females.

Methods
Retrospective data on clinical course, AIDs, karyotype and treatment were analyzed from a cohort of 286 Czech females with TS (current age 2.8–43.3 years; median age 18.7 years). The karyotypes were sorted using two different classification systems: a mosaicism-focused and an isochromosome (isoXq)-focused approach. Karyotype subgroups with a significantly higher prevalence of AIDs were further evaluated. Data of common therapies were correlated with the prevalence of AIDs.

Results
The most frequent AIDs were autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD; 37.4%; n = 107) and celiac disease (CD; 8.7%; n = 25). All karyotype subgroups were prone to develop AIDs. Females with an isolated Xp deletion had a significantly higher prevalence of AITD and CD compared to all other individuals with TS (AITD: 66.0% vs. 31.5%, p < 0.0001; CD: 17.4% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.04, respectively). We observed no link between the mean age at initiation as well as the duration of GH and/or estrogen administration and the occurrence of AIDs.

Conclusions
Isolated Xp deletion contributes to the development of AIDs in TS patients. The haploinsufficiency of genes located in Xpter-p11.2 may explain this observation. Common therapies used in TS do not modify the risk of AIDs.
The Power of the Crowd in the Sharing Economy
Authors: Gal Michal S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Much has been written on the ability of sharing platforms to affect market conditions. In this research we focus on another piece of the puzzle, which is often overlooked but can play a significant role in shaping market structure and conduct: the users of the platform – whether suppliers or consumers (hereinafter jointly or severally: “the crowd”). As will be shown, the power of the crowd can both positively and negatively affect social welfare. Accordingly, this paper seeks to recognize the effects of crowd power and to identify both market-based as well as regulatory solutions to increase its welfare-increasing qualities, while reducing its negative ones.
To do so, the study develops in a three stages. The first part explores the welfare effects of the sharing economy on the crowd. This serves as a basis for the second part, which focuses on the role of the crowd in shaping sharing platform markets. The third part then explores the potential role, as well as the limitations, of regulation in ensuring that crowd actions increase welfare. As will be shown, the current legal framework which regulates crowd actions might limit the realization of some of the potential positive effects of social platforms. In particular, new thinking might be needed with regard to rules regulating the use of crowd power to counteract a dominant sharing platform’s market power.