bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Computed Tomographic Imaging-guided hook wire localization and electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope localization in the resection of pulmonary nodules
Authors: Tian Yu , Lu Ming , Yue Weiming , Si Libo , Li Lin , Li Shuhai , Tian Hui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: The resection of nodules by thoracoscopic surgery is difficult because the nodules may be hard to identify. Currently, preoperative localization of pulmonary nodules is widely used in the clinic, including Computed Tomographic Imaging (CT)-guided transthoracic approach, hook-wire and coil embolization, but these methods increase radiation exposure and cause complications. Methods: In this study, we retrospectively compared electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) guided and CT guided localization of small pulmonary nodules before resection. Results: Total 157 patients underwent the localization procedure successfully, and the nodules were localized by CT guidance in 105 patients and by ENB in 52 patients. The nodule size of magnetic navigation localization was smaller than that of CT-guided localization (P<0.001). Both CT-guided and ENB localization were well tolerated in all patients, without major complications or mortality (P=0.107). In CT-guided localization group, 6 patients failed to be located while none failed in ENB group (P=0.079). The procedure time was 15.15± 3.7 min for CT-guided localization and 21.29± 4.0 min for ENB localization (P<0.001). Conclusions: CT-guided localization is simple and feasible for uncertain pulmonary nodules before surgery. ENB localization could identify small lung nodules with high accuracy and low incidence of complications.
Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies the specific cell types of GWAS genes associated with liver disease
Authors: Yu Zhenyuan , Lu Ansi , Cheng Jiwen , Mo Zengnan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The liver is an important digestive organ in the human body, which has a variety of physiological functions. Once the liver occurs dysfunction, it may indicate the occurrence of liver disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a lot of genetic variants which are associated with liver disease. However, it is not clear that the genes with variants in which have cell type specificity. Methods To investigate the association between liver cell types and liver disease, we used a new method that integrate the genes associated with liver diseases identified by GWAS and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for analysis. We applied the scRNA-seq data from the GEO database, which included 20 cell types from human liver and 9 cell types from mouse liver after reclassifying. The susceptibility genes of liver diseases were downloaded from GWAS catalog and matched to the results of liver scRNA-seq. Results We found that most susceptibility genes of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection were expressed in human B cells. And the susceptibility genes of biomarkers of liver dysfunction showed similar cell type specificity in human and mouse. Last, we discovered that primary liver disease phenotypes may be due to mutations in multiple cell types. Conclusions Collectively, this study localized the susceptibility genes of liver diseases to specific cell types and provided clues for the in-depth study of liver diseases at the transcriptome level.
Active management of third stage of labor practice and associated factors among skilled birth attendants in Gamo and Gofa zone, Southern, Ethiopia
Authors: alemu biresaw wassihun , Bante Agegnehu , Miskir Direslign , Gultie Teklemariam , Gebayehu Kassahun 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Active management of third stage of labour is evidence based inexpensive and effective intervention for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage which is the leading cause of maternal mortality in low and middle income countries. In spite of this technique being espoused in Ethiopia and internationally, its actual practice and factors influencing its practice were yet to be established.Objective The aim of this study was to assess status of active management of third stage of labor practice and associated factors among skilled birth Attendants in public health facilities of Gamo and Gofa zone, southern EthiopiaMethods Facility based cross-sectional study design was employed on 356 skilled birth attendants working in public health facilities of Gamo and Gofa zone. Semi- structured questionnaire with observational checklist was used to collect the data. Data was checked and entered into Epi info version 7 then exported to statically package for social science version 24 for analysis. Univariate, Bivariate and multivariable analysis with 95% CI was carried out.Result The finding of the study revealed that 48.1% of the skilled care providers were good practice towards active management of third stage of labour with 95% CI (43-53). Skilled birth attendants having clinical experience of 7 years and above were 2.52 times more likely performed good practice than others [AOR=7.00(95%CI, 1.82,7.75)] and those skilled birth attendants taken in service training were 2.55 times more likely performed good practice than others [AOR=2.55(95%CI, 1.99,6.56)]. In addition to this those skilled birth attendants who were working in favorable delivery rooms were 1.86 times more likely performed good practice than others [AOR= 1.86(95%CI, 1.32-2.24)]Conclusion The finding of this study showed that the practice of active management of third stage of labour was poor. Clinical year of experience, having conducive delivery room and taking in –service training on active of third management of labour were some of the factors associated with good practice. So crating satisfactory delivery room and providing training on active of third management of labour is very important to enhance their knowledge and skill of birth attendant.
Prevalence and determinants of modern contraceptive utilization among rural lactating mothers: Findings from the primary health care Project in two northwest Ethiopian Districts
Authors: Derso Terefe , Biks Gashaw Andargie , Yitayal Mezgebu , Ayele Tadesse Awoke , Alemu Kassahun , Debalkie Getu , Fekadu Hailab , Dellie Endalkachew , Azale Telake , Misganaw Bisrat , Kebede Adane , Fetene Destaw , G/medhin Tsegaye , Atnafu Asmamaw 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Contraceptives utilization is a guarantee to avert unwanted pregnancy. However, in Ethiopia more than half of the rural women have shorter birth intervals. Also of all births in their pregnancies, 17% and 8% were mistimed (wanted at a later date) and unwanted births, respectively. Therefore, this paper investigates modern contraceptive utilization and predictors among rural lactating women.Methods community cross-sectional study was conducted from May 01 to June 29, 2019 in two (Dabat and Gondar zuria district) northwest Ethiopian Districts. A total of 603 lactating mothers were included in this study. Data was collected through face to face interview using a structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to identify the independent predictors of modern contraceptive utilization.Results The overall prevalence of modern contraceptive (MC) utilization rate was 45.8% [95% CI: 38.01, 53.59]. The contraceptive method mix was dominated by Depo-Provera (39.8%) and followed by implants (4.8%). The odds of modern utilization of contraceptive were 5.58 times higher among with children with fully immunization [AOR=5.58, 95% CI: 3.45, 9.01] compared to mothers with children with incomplete or not vaccinated. Mothers who received antenatal care [AOR= 1.743, 95% CI: 1.13, 4.43] and postnatal care[AOR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.24, 2.91) were 1.74 and 2.02 folds more likely utilize modern contraceptive than mothers who did not received antenatal care and postnatal care, respectively.Conclusion in the study area, low prevalence of modern contraceptive utilization is documented compared to the planed national figure. In the region child immunization services is one of a promising platform to reach lactating mothers with modern contraceptive utilization. Also our findings suggest antenatal care and postnatal care visit are the other key determinants for modern contraceptive utilization. According to our findings in a low-resource setting like Ethiopia, the health system approach to improved ANC, postnatal care and child immunization services should be intensified with more effective advice on modern contraceptive utilization to reduce unwanted pregnancy.
Drainage or nondrainage for single-level anterior cervical discectomy with fusion and plating
Authors: Li Pengfei , Chou Dean , Wang Yuqiang , Wang Limin , Zhang Ganggang , Zhang Shuhao , Zhao Yao , Ruan Tianchen , Xiong Yingjie , Shi Landa , Liu Yilin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Currently, conventional placement of natural pressure drainage after single-level anterior cervical discectomy with fusion and plating (ACDF) is used clinically to prevent complications such as symptomatic epidural hematoma and incision infection. Nevertheless, a literature review reported that there is no uniform standard for whether to place drainage after single-level ACDF surgery, and comparative studies on this subject are rare.Methods A prospective study of 100 patients who underwent single-level ACDF from January 2017 to June 2018 and met the selection criteria were randomly divided into the control group (45 patients with drainage after surgery) and the study group (48 patients without drainage after surgery). The same types of preoperative preparation, surgical technique and postoperative management were used in the two groups. The perioperative indicators, postoperative clinical efficacy and complications were compared between the two groups.Results The preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores and Neck Dysfunction Index (NDI) scores in the two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). The length of hospital stay in the study group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in postoperative fever, surgical site infection, symptomatic epidural hematoma, rate of incision healing, or complications between the two groups (P>0.05).Conclusions The safety and clinical outcome of patients with drainage after single-level ACDF were consistent with those of nondrainage patients. Additionally, nondrainage after single-level ACDF resulted in a decreased length of hospital stay and lessened the associated expenses.
KNOWLEDGE OF GLAUCOMA AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADULTS IN GISH ABAY TOWN, NORTHWEST ETHIOPIA, JUN 2018
Authors: Bizuneh Zewdu Yenegeta , Tsega Ayanaw , Addis Yezinash , Admassu Fisseha 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction Glaucoma is a global public health problem and it is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and the fifth cause of blindness in Ethiopia. Even though public knowledge of glaucoma is a key for early case identification and prevention of blindness, it is unknown in the study area, making provision of interventions difficult. Objective: To assess knowledge of glaucoma and associated factors among adults in Gish Abay town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018 Methods: A Community based cross - sectional study design with systematic random sampling technique was used to select 630 adults. The study was conducted from April 25-May 05, 2018. Data was entered into Epi Info version 7 and was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Binary logistic regression model and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence level was used to identify the significant factors associated with knowledge of glaucoma. P–value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: About 594 adults were participated with a response rate of 94%. Nearly 52% of the participants were females with median age of 28 years. The proportion of good knowledge was demonstrated in 68.9% [95% CI; 61, 75.9]. Educational status: secondary education [AOR; 4.01: 1.15, 13.94], college and above [AOR; 4.49: 1.31, 15.32], history of eye examination [AOR; 2.86: 1.05, 7.79] and younger age (18-22) [6.39: 1.82, 22.41] were positively associated with good knowledge of glaucoma. Conclusion and recommendation: The proportion of good knowledge of glaucoma was high. Better educational status, younger age, eye examination at least once in life and higher income level were associated with better knowledge of glaucoma. Recognizing the severity of glaucoma, enhancing knowledge is paramount at the community.
Malapposition of Graft-host Interface after Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK) and Deep Anterior lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK): an optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Zhao Yujin , Zhuang Hong , Hong Jiaxu , Tian Lijia , Xu Jianjiang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Backgroud: Previous studies of internal graft-host malappositions have not dealt with the precise ways in which each malapposition affected post-penetrating keratoplasty (post-PK) visual outcomes. In this study, we reviewed our post-PK and post-deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (post-DALK) keratoconic patients and used anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to evaluate the correlations between graft-host interface (GHI) characteristics and visual outcomes.
Methods: Novel GHI metrics included: mean graft-host touch (GHT), total prevalence of malapposition proportion (Pm), frequency of apposition (F), size of malapposition (Sm), junctional graft thickness (Tg), and the absolute value of difference between Tg and Th (|Tg-Th|). We connected the external and internal junction points of GHI (GHT) and drew a straight line through the central point, perpendicular to both sides of the cornea. Tg and Th were the thicknesses at cross-points 1 mm away from the meeting point on the external side of the graft and host, respectively. Correlations between GHI metrics and postsurgical visual outcomes [ logarithm of minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR BCVA), spherical equivalent diopter (SE), diopter of spherical power (DS), diopter of cylindrical power (DC) and keratometric astigmatism (Astig value)] were evaluated for 45 patients (one eye each).
Results: 22 post-PK and 23 post-DALK keratoconic patients were enrolled. Compared with the regular-apposition results, GHT was decreased in step and gape patterns, and increased in hill and tag patterns. SE increased by 6.851, 5.428 and 5.164 times for every 1% increase in: F (step) [b=6.851; 95% Confidence interval (CI)=2.975-10.727; P=0.001]; F (graft step) [b=5.428; 95% CI=1.685-9.171; P=0.005]; and Pm [b=5.164; 95%CI=0.913-9.146; P=0.018], respectively. SE increased by 0.031 times for every 1-μm increment of |Tg-Th| [b=0.031; 95% CI=0.009-0.054; P=0.007]. LogMAR BCVA increased by 0.001 times for every 1-μm increment of both GHT [b=0.001; 95% CI=0-0.002; P=0.030]. and Tg [b=0.001; 95% CI=0.001-0.002; P=0.001]. Astig value increased by 0.017 times for 1-μm increment of Sm [b=0.017; 95% CI=0-0.033; P=0.047].
Conclusion: This investigation of GHI characteristics suggests explanations for varied ametropia in keratoconic eyes and has potential significance as a reference for promoting pre-surgical planning and technology for corneal transplantation.
Exploring climate change impacts during first half of the 21st century on flow regime of the transboundary Kabul River in the Hindukush region
Authors: Hashmi Muhammad Zia ur Rahman , Masood Amjad , Mushtaq Haris , Bukhari Syed Ahsan Ali , Ahmad Burhan , Tahir Adnan Ahmad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In transboundary river basins, climate change is being considered as a concern of higher degree than it is in other parts of the world. The Kabul River Basin, a sub-basin of the Indus River system shared by Pakistan and Afghanistan, is no exception. High level of sensitivity of its flow to temperature makes it imperative to analyse climate change impacts on the flow regime of this important river for efficient water resources management on both sides of the border. The snowmelt runoff model integrated with remote sensing snow cover product MODIS was selected to simulate daily discharges. Future projections were generated for two selected time slices, 2011–2030 (near future) and 2031–2050 (far future), based on output of an ensemble of four GCMs' RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Analysis shows a significant temperature increase under both scenarios in the near and far future at a high-altitude region of the basin which mostly receives snowfall that is also found increasing over time. Consequently, it causes a change in the flow regime and more frequent and heavier flooding events, thus calling for a joint strategy of the two riparian countries to mitigate the anticipated impacts in the basin for safety of people and overall prosperity.
Stem Cell Transplant for Advanced Stage Liver Disorders: Current Scenario and Future Prospects
Authors: Mahmood Anjum , Seetharaman Rajasekar , Kshatriya Prashant , Patel Divyang , Srivastava Anand S. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Chronic Liver Disorders (CLD), caused by the lifestyle patterns like alcoholism
or by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or because of virus-mediated hepatitis, affect a large population
fraction across the world. CLD progresses into end-stage diseases with a high mortality rate. Liver
transplant is the only approved treatment available for such end-stage disease patients. However, the
number of liver transplants is limited due to the limited availability of suitable donors and the extremely
high cost of performing the procedure. Under such circumstances, Stem Cell (SC) mediated
liver regeneration has emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative approach.

Objective:
This review aims to critically analyze the current status and future prospects of stem cellbased
interventions for end-stage liver diseases. The clinical studies undertaken, the mechanism underlying
therapeutic effects and future directions have been examined.

Method:
The clinical trial databases were searched at https://clinicaltrials.gov.in and
http://www.isrctn.com to identify randomized, non-randomized and controlled studies undertaken with
keywords such as “liver disorder and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)”, “liver cirrhosis and MSCs”
and “liver disorder and SCs”. Furthermore, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ database was also
explored with similar keywords for finding the available reports and their critical analyses.

Results:
The search results yielded a significant number of studies that used bone marrow-derived stem
cells, MSCs and hepatocytes. The studies clearly indicated that SCs play a key role in the hepatoprotection
process by some mechanisms involving anti-inflammation, auto-immune-suppression, angiogenesis
and anti-apoptosis. Further, studies indicated that SCs derived paracrine factors promote angiogenesis,
reduce inflammation and inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis.

Conclusion:
The SC-based interventions provide a significant improvement in patients with CLD;
however, there is a need for randomized, controlled studies with the analysis of a long-term follow-up.
Molecular Genetics and the Incidence of Transmitted Drug Resistance Among Pre-Treatment HIV-1 Infected Patients in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Digban Tennison Onoriode , Iweriebor Benson Chucks , Obi Larry Chikwelu , Nwodo Uchechuwku , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyi 
Published: October 2019

Background:Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) remains a significant threat to Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients that are not exposed to antiretroviral treatment. Although, combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has reduced deaths among infected individuals, emergence of drug resistance is gradually on rise.Objective:To determine the drug resistance mutations and subtypes of HIV-1 among pre-treatment patients in the Eastern Cape of South Africa.Methods:Viral RNA was extracted from blood samples of 70 pre-treatment HIV-1 patients while partial pol gene fragment amplification was achieved with specific primers by RT-PCR followed by nested PCR and positive amplicons were sequenced utilizing ABI Prism 316 genetic sequencer. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) analysis was performed by submitting the generated sequences to Stanford HIV drug resistance database.Results:Viral DNA was successful for 66 (94.3%) samples of which 52 edited sequences were obtained from the protease and 44 reverse transcriptase sequences were also fully edited. Four major protease inhibitor (PI) related mutations (I54V, V82A/L, L76V and L90M) were observed in seven patients while several other minor and accessory PIs were also identified. A total of 11(25.0%) patients had NRTIs related mutations while NNRTIs were observed among 14(31.8%) patients. K103N/S, V106M and M184V were the most common mutations identified among the viral sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial pol gene indicated all sequences clustered with subtype C.Conclusions:This study indicates that HIV-1 subtype C still predominates and responsible for driving the epidemic in the Eastern Cape of South Africa with slow rise in the occurrence of transmitted drug resistance.
A Systematic Mapping Study on Radio Frequency Identification Security
Authors: Abbas Yasir A. , Albawi Saad , Abd Abdullah T. , Jameil Ahmed K. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology can be applied in identification,
security and tracking system platforms due to its flexible and low-cost implementation.
The sensing ability of this technology can also be used to monitor real-life environmental changes
and physical phenomena. RFID is designed to work in open wireless communication. Therefore,
this system can be attacked by different malware. Enhancing RFID with new security and privacy
features isimportant at present.

Objective:
The current work is a systematic mapping study on RFID security. The types, contributions,
facets and activities of research on RFID security were plotted.

Methods:
The systematic mapping for a specific search are was done by identifying the number of
RQs. These RQs help researchers obtain comprehensive related studies. The RQs must be selected
carefully because they determine the research direction and help rapidly obtain the required information
and studies.

Results:
We gathered 2133 relevant studies and retained 92 primary papers after four filtering
processes. We classified them into three facets. Results provide researchers and readers an overview
of existing relevant studies and help them identify the properties in the focus area.

Conclusion:
The systematic mapping study used to report the design, execution, tool, application
and results of a Radio frequency identification (RFID). We systematically chose and deeply analyzed
all concepts related (RFID) techniques and implementation methods which provide a complete
about the (RFID) state and environment of studies.