bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum machine learning for electronic structure calculations
Authors: Xia Rongxin , Kais Sabre 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConsidering recent advancements and successes in the development of efficient quantum algorithms for electronic structure calculations—alongside impressive results using machine learning techniques for computation—hybridizing quantum computing with machine learning for the intent of performing electronic structure calculations is a natural progression. Here we report a hybrid quantum algorithm employing a restricted Boltzmann machine to obtain accurate molecular potential energy surfaces. By exploiting a quantum algorithm to help optimize the underlying objective function, we obtained an efficient procedure for the calculation of the electronic ground state energy for a small molecule system. Our approach achieves high accuracy for the ground state energy for H2, LiH, H2O at a specific location on its potential energy surface with a finite basis set. With the future availability of larger-scale quantum computers, quantum machine learning techniques are set to become powerful tools to obtain accurate values for electronic structures.
Divergent wiring of repressive and active chromatin interactions between mouse embryonic and trophoblast lineages
Authors: Schoenfelder Stefan , Mifsud Borbala , Senner Claire E. , Todd Christopher D. , Chrysanthou Stephanie , Darbo Elodie , Hemberger Myriam , Branco Miguel R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe establishment of the embryonic and trophoblast lineages is a developmental decision underpinned by dramatic differences in the epigenetic landscape of the two compartments. However, it remains unknown how epigenetic information and transcription factor networks map to the 3D arrangement of the genome, which in turn may mediate transcriptional divergence between the two cell lineages. Here, we perform promoter capture Hi-C experiments in mouse trophoblast (TSC) and embryonic (ESC) stem cells to understand how chromatin conformation relates to cell-specific transcriptional programmes. We find that key TSC genes that are kept repressed in ESCs exhibit interactions between H3K27me3-marked regions in ESCs that depend on Polycomb repressive complex 1. Interactions that are prominent in TSCs are enriched for enhancer–gene contacts involving key TSC transcription factors, as well as TET1, which helps to maintain the expression of TSC-relevant genes. Our work shows that the first developmental cell fate decision results in distinct chromatin conformation patterns establishing lineage-specific contexts involving both repressive and active interactions.
Graphene Oxide-Gold Nanosheets Containing Chitosan Scaffold Improves Ventricular Contractility and Function After Implantation into Infarcted Heart
Authors: Saravanan Sekaran , Sareen Niketa , Abu-El-Rub Ejlal , Ashour Hend , Sequiera Glen Lester , Ammar Hania I. , Gopinath Venkatraman , Shamaa Ashraf Ali , Sayed Safinaz Salah Eldin , Moudgil Meenal , Vadivelu Jamuna , Dhingra Sanjiv 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAbnormal conduction and improper electrical impulse propagation are common in heart after myocardial infarction (MI). The scar tissue is non-conductive therefore the electrical communication between adjacent cardiomyocytes is disrupted. In the current study, we synthesized and characterized a conductive biodegradable scaffold by incorporating graphene oxide gold nanosheets (GO-Au) into a clinically approved natural polymer chitosan (CS). Inclusion of GO-Au nanosheets in CS scaffold displayed two fold increase in electrical conductivity. The scaffold exhibited excellent porous architecture with desired swelling and controlled degradation properties. It also supported cell attachment and growth with no signs of discrete cytotoxicity. In a rat model of MI, in vivo as well as in isolated heart, the scaffold after 5 weeks of implantation showed a significant improvement in QRS interval which was associated with enhanced conduction velocity and contractility in the infarct zone by increasing connexin 43 levels. These results corroborate that implantation of novel conductive polymeric scaffold in the infarcted heart improved the cardiac contractility and restored ventricular function. Therefore, our approach may be useful in planning future strategies to construct clinically relevant conductive polymer patches for cardiac patients with conduction defects.
MiR-323b-5p acts as a novel diagnostic biomarker for critical limb ischemia in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Cheng Biao , Li Ju-yi , Li Xiao-chao , Wang Xiu-fang , Wang Zhong-jing , Liu Jue , Deng Ai-ping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major contributor to peripheral artery disease (PAD), especially in cases that advance to critical limb ischemia (CLI). Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs play an important role in the development of PAD and T2DM. Due to the limited value of current diagnostic methods for CLI in T2DM patients, we compared the miRNA expression profiles of Chinese T2DM patients with or without CLI to find out whether distinctive miRNAs could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers. We statistically identified 7 miRNAs (hsa-miR-200b-3p, hsa-miR-2115-3p, hsa-miR-431-5p, hsa-miR-486-5p, hsa-miR-210-3p, hsa-miR-1264, hsa-miR-323b-5p) which were up-regulated in the CLI group, whereas other 4 miRNAs (hsa-miR-5579-3p, hsa-miR-665, hsa-miR-4285, hsa-miR-500a-3p) were down-regulated. Our validation test suggested a relatively high diagnostic accuracy of serum hsa-miR-323b-5p levels for the detection of CLI in T2DM patients, with a sensitivity of 62.67% and a specificity of 80.65%. The area under the curve (AUC) for miR-323b-5p + confounding risk factors was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.884–0.994, P < 0.001), which was higher than that for miR-323b-5p. Taken together, our results indicate that circulating hsa-miR-323b-5p could be a promising serum biomarker for the diagnosis of critical limb ischemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
High-Efficiency Reverse (5′→3′) Synthesis of Complex DNA Microarrays
Authors: Hölz Kathrin , Hoi Julia K. , Schaudy Erika , Somoza Veronika , Lietard Jory , Somoza Mark M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDNA microarrays are important analytical tools in genetics and have recently found multiple new biotechnological roles in applications requiring free 3′ terminal hydroxyl groups, particularly as a starting point for enzymatic extension via DNA or RNA polymerases. Here we demonstrate the highly efficient reverse synthesis of complex DNA arrays using a photolithographic approach. The method is analogous to conventional solid phase synthesis but makes use of phosphoramidites with the benzoyl-2-(2-nitrophenyl)-propoxycarbonyl (BzNPPOC) photolabile protecting group on the 3′-hydroxyl group. The use of BzNPPOC, with more than twice the photolytic efficiency of the 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-propoxycarbonyl (NPPOC) previously used for 5′→3′ synthesis, combined with additional optimizations to the coupling and oxidation reactions results in an approximately 3-fold improvement in the reverse synthesis efficiency of complex arrays of DNA oligonucleotides. The coupling efficiencies of the reverse phosphoramidites are as good as those of regular phosphoramidites, resulting in comparable yields. Microarrays of DNA surface tethered on the 5′ end and with free 3′ hydroxyl termini can be synthesized quickly and with similarly high stepwise coupling efficiency as microarrays using conventional 3′→5′ synthesis.
Spiral magnetic domain structure in cylindrically-shaped microwires
Authors: Chizhik A. , Zhukov A. , Gonzalez J. , Gawroński P. , Kułakowski K. , Stupakiewicz A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIdentification and characterisation of novel and unusual magnetization states remains a topic of research in modern magnetism. Recently, control of the magnetization state between the surface and volume in cylindrical microwires with the giant magneto-impedance effect has been demonstrated. Herein, the phenomenon of spatial migration of spiral magnetic domains inside a microwire is demonstrated using the magneto-optical Kerr effect. The main properties of the inclined spiral structure were determined, where the surface domain structure possessed a length limited only by actual sample length. Transformation of the structure from a spiral to an elliptical structure could be controlled by external torsion stress. Hysteresis and magnetic images were simulated based on a model assuming a spatial distribution of the internal stress inside the microwire, whose results were consistent with the experimental results. A consistent interpretation of the results in terms of the formation and transformation of the spiral magnetic domain structure is proposed.
CX3CR1 differentiates F4/80low monocytes into pro-inflammatory F4/80high macrophages in the liver
Authors: Lee Young-Sun , Kim Myung-Ho , Yi Hyon-Seung , Kim So Yeon , Kim Hee-Hoon , Kim Ji Hoon , Yeon Jong Eun , Byun Kwan Soo , Byun Jin-Seok , Jeong Won-Il 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe expression of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 is related to migration and signaling in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. The precise roles of CX3CR1 in the liver have been investigated but not clearly elucidated. Here, we investigated the roles of CX3CR1 in hepatic macrophages and liver injury. Hepatic and splenic CX3CR1lowF4/80low monocytes and CX3CR1lowCD16− monocytes were differentiated into CX3CR1highF4/80high or CX3CR1highCD16+ macrophages by co-culture with endothelial cells. Moreover, CX3CL1 deficiency in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) attenuated the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whereas recombinant CX3CL1 treatment reversed this expression in co-cultured monocytes. Upon treatment with clodronate liposome, hepatic F4/80high macrophages were successfully depleted at day 2 and recovered similarly in CX3CR1+/GFP and CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice at week 4, suggesting a CX3CR1-independent replacement. However, F4/80high macrophages of CX3CR1+/GFP showed a stronger pro-inflammatory phenotype than CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice. In clodronate-treated chimeric CX3CR1+/GFP and CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice, CX3CR1+F4/80high macrophages showed higher expression of IL-1β and TNF-α than CX3CR1−F4/80high macrophages. In alcoholic liver injury, despite the similar frequency of hepatic F4/80high macrophages, CX3CR1GFP/GFP mice showed reduced liver injury, hepatic fat accumulation, and inflammatory responses than CX3CR1+/GFP mice. Thus, CX3CR1 could be a novel therapeutic target for pro-inflammatory macrophage-mediated liver injury.
Bone mineral density assessment using iterative reconstruction compared with quantitative computed tomography as the standard of reference
Authors: Mann Constanze , Ziegeler Katharina , Mews Jürgen , Plaschke Martina , Issever Ahi Sema 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study examines the influence of iterative reconstruction on bone mineral density (BMD) measurement by comparison with standard quantitative computed tomography (QCT; reference) and two other protocols based on filtered back projection. Ten human cadaver specimens of the lumbar spine with a hydroxyapatite calibration phantom underneath, were scanned with 4 protocols: 1. standard QCT, 2. volume scan with FBP, 3. helical scan with FBP, and 4. helical scan with IR (Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction 3D (AIDR3D)). Radiation doses were recorded as CT dose index (CTDIvol) and BMD, signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratio were calculated. Mean hydroxyapatite concentration (HOA) did not differ significantly between protocols, ranging from 98.58 ± 31.09 mg cm3 (protocol 4) to 100.47 ± 30.82 mg cm3 (protocol 2). Paired sample correlations of HOA values for protocol 4 and protocols 1, 2 and 3 were nearly perfect with coefficients of 0.980, 0.979 and 0.982, respectively (p < 0.004). CTDIvol were 7.50, 5.00, 6.82 (±2.03) and 1.72 (±0.50) mGy for protocols 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Objective image quality was highest for protocol 4. The use of IR for BMD assessment significantly lowers radiation exposure compared to standard QCT and protocols with FBP while not degrading BMD measurement.
Mechanisms Underlying the Regulation of HP1γ by the NGF-PKA Signaling Pathway
Authors: Seo Seungmae , Mathison Angela , Grzenda Adrienne , Podratz Jewel , Calvo Ezequiel , Brimijoin Stephen , Windebank Anthony , Iovanna Juan , Lomberk Gwen , Urrutia Raul 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHeterochromatin protein 1 γ (HP1γ) is a well-known chromatin protein, which regulates gene silencing during the execution of processes associated with embryogenesis, organ maturation, and cell differentiation. We find that, in vivo, the levels of HP1γ are downregulated during nervous system development. Similar results are recapitulated in vitro during nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neuronal cell differentiation in PC12 cells. Mechanistically, our experiments demonstrate that in differentiating PC12 cells, NGF treatment decreases the association of HP1γ to silent heterochromatin, leads to phosphorylation of this protein at S83 via protein kinase A (PKA), and ultimately results in its degradation. Genome-wide experiments, using gain-of-function (overexpression) and loss-of-function (RNAi) paradigms, demonstrate that changing the level of HP1γ impacts on PC12 differentiation, at least in part, through gene networks involved in this process. Hence, inactivation of HP1γ by different post-translational mechanisms, including reduced heterochromatin association, phosphorylation, and degradation, is necessary for neuronal cell differentiation to occur. Indeed, we show that the increase of HP1γ levels has the reverse effect, namely antagonizing neuronal cell differentiation, supporting that this protein acts as a barrier for this process. Thus, these results describe the regulation and participation of HP1γ in a novel membrane-to-nucleus pathway, through NGF-PKA signaling, which is involved in NGF-induced neuronal cell differentiation.
Fangjing decoction relieves febrile seizures-induced hippocampal neuron apoptosis in rats via regulating the Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Xu Xian-ke , Wang Sun-yao , Chen Ying , Zhan Lu , Shao Zheng-yang , Lin Long , Yan Wei-chao , Mei Shu-fen 
Published: October 2018

Background: Fangjing decoction is a Traditional Chinese Medicine that exhibits anticonvulsive effects in treating febrile seizures (FS). Its action mechanism and the regulation on Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were revealed in the present study.
Methods: FS model was established in Sprague–Dawley rats with or without Fangjing decoction treatment. On day 5, following initiation of drug treatment, seizures were monitored. Hippocampal neuron apoptosis was assessed using terminal dUTP nick end-labeling method. The levels of Bax, protein kinase B (Akt), phospho-Akt (p-Akt), mTOR, and p-mTOR proteins were analyzed using Western blotting. The content of hippocampal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was measured by using ELISA assay.
Results: Compared with the control group (n=8), Fangjing decoction effectively shortened escape latency and duration of FS and decreased the frequency of FS in rats (n=8). Concomitantly, the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, as well as Bax protein levels were also decreased in FS rats which were treated with Fangjing decoction. In addition, the Akt/mTOR signaling was found to be activated in rat hippocampus following FS, as evidenced by increased p-Akt and p-mTOR, while Fangjing decoction could inhibit the activation of Akt/mTOR signaling. Furthermore, the low GABA content in rat hippocampus following FS was significantly elevated by Fangjing decoction treatment. More importantly, SC79, a specific activator for Akt, apparently attenuated the protective effects of Fangjing decoction on FS rats.
Conclusion: These results suggest that Fangjing decoction protects the hippocampal neurons from apoptosis by inactivating Akt/mTOR pathway, which may contribute to mitigating FS-induced brain injury.
Internistische Therapie von Weichteilsarkomen
Authors: Hartmann Jörg 
Published: October 2018

Was ist neu?
Lokalisierte Stadien Niedriger Malignitätsgrad (Grading): keine Änderungen, i. d. R. alleinige Resektion. Hoher Malignitätsgrad: neoadjuvante, multimodale Ansätze bei Inoperabilität oder drohendem funktionellen Funktionsverlust. Die 2er-Kombination aus Anthrazyklin und Ifosfamid stellt weiterhin bez. der Systemtherapie den Standard in diesem Therapieansatz dar. Die pathologische Komplettremission nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie hat prognostische Bedeutung. Eine adjuvante (postoperative) Chemotherapie bei Hochrisiko-Sarkom hat den Evidenzgrad 2B.
Metastasiertes Stadium In der metastasierten Situation behauptet sich Adriamycin in mehreren Phase-II/III-Studien als Standard gegen Konkurrenzsubstanzen, neuerdings ergänzt durch einen monoklonalen PDGFRα-Antikörper Olaratumab. Diese vorübergehende Zulassung basiert auf einer randomisierten Phase-II-Studie. Eine konfirmatorische Phase III zur Bestätigung steht aus.
Zweitlinientherapien Bei refraktären Sarkomen ist Eribulin (beim Subtyp Liposarkom) zugelassen, neben den bekannten Substanzen Pazopanib (außer beim Liposarkom) und Trabectedin (insbesondere wirksam bei Lipo-, Leiomyosarkom).
Ernährung am Lebensende – ethische Aspekte
Authors: Frühwald Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Was ist neu?
Ursachen der unzureichenden Nahrungsaufnahme Hier ist die Frage zu stellen, ob der Patient nicht essen kann oder nicht essen will. Um die jeweiligen Gründe herauszufinden ist ein interdisziplinäres Assessment erforderlich.
Sinn der künstlichen Ernährung am Lebensende Der Sinn einer enteralen und parenteralen künstlichen Ernährung im terminalen Stadium einer Krankheit wird hinterfragt. Aktuell gibt es keine Evidenz, dass insbesondere Patienten im fortgeschrittenen Stadium einer demenziellen Erkrankung durch eine solche Intervention einen Nutzen haben.
Indikation zur PEG-Sonde Künstliche Nahrungs- und Flüssigkeitszufuhr ist eine medizinische Behandlung. Die Entscheidung über ihren Beginn oder ihre Beendigung ist den gleichen Prinzipien unterworfen wie die Entscheidungen über andere – möglicherweise lebensverlängernde – medizinisch-therapeutische Maßnahmen. Sie bedarf einer medizinischen Indikation.
CBASP als stationäres Behandlungskonzept der therapieresistenten chronischen Depression: Eine Pilotstudie zum Zusammenhang von Nebenwirkungen und Therapieerfolg
Authors: Brakemeier Eva-Lotta , Herzog Philipp , Radtke Martina , Schneibel Rebecca , Breger Viola , Becker Manuel , Spies Jan , Jacobi Frank , Heider Jens , Normann Claus 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Stationäre Psychotherapien können u. a. aufgrund der kurzen, aber intensiven Behandlung Nebenwirkungen auslösen. In der vorliegenden Pilotstudie wurden daher bestimmte Nebenwirkungen eines multidisziplinären, stationären CBASP-Programms (Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy) für Patienten mit therapieresistenter chronischer Depression sowie deren Zusammenhang mit dem Therapieerfolg (Response-, Remissions- und Rückfallraten) untersucht.
Material & Methoden 50 Patienten mit therapieresistenter chronischer Depression nahmen an einem strukturierten 12-wöchigen, stationären CBASP-Programm teil. Nebenwirkungen wurden erfasst durch 1) eine Verschlechterung der depressiven Symptomatik im Fremdbericht bei Entlassung (Wert auf der Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, HDRS24) und 2) einem Selbstbeurteilungsfragebogen zur Erfassung von Nebenwirkungen in der stationären Psychotherapie (NESTAP), welcher von Patienten 6–12 Monate nach Entlassung ausgefüllt wurde.
Ergebnisse Nach der 12-wöchigen Behandlung konnten 84% der Patienten als Responder klassifiziert werden, von denen 44% das Remissionskriterium erfüllten. 16% waren Non-Responder, wobei kein Patient gemäß HDRS eine fremdbeurteilte Verschlechterung der depressiven Symptomatik zeigte. Sechs Monate nach Entlassung erlitten 40% der Responder einen Rückfall. Im NESTAP gaben 66% der Patienten an, dass sich während der Behandlung ihre Symptomatik vorübergehend verschlechtert habe. Bei diesen Patienten zeigte sich eine geringere Remissionsrate. Über 50% berichteten von interpersonellen Konflikten mit Teammitgliedern oder anderen Patienten, wobei kein Zusammenhang mit dem Therapieerfolg nachweisbar war. Schließlich berichteten über 50% der Patienten, nach Entlassung Veränderungen in sozialen Beziehungen erlebt zu haben. Diese Patienten hatten seltener einen Rückfall. Insgesamt gaben 94% aller Patienten an, mindestens eine der in dieser Studie erhobenen Nebenwirkungen erlebt zu haben.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Pilotstudie gibt trotz einiger Limitationen erste Hinweise, dass das stationäre CBASP-Programm Nebenwirkungen verursacht, wobei nur eine subjektiv wahrgenommene vorübergehende Verschlechterung den individuellen Therapieerfolg kurzfristig negativ zu beeinflussen scheint. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, Nebenwirkungen im Kontext des kurz- und langfristigen Therapieerfolges zu untersuchen, um herauszufinden, wie relevant Nebenwirkungen sind.
Vergleichbarkeit verschiedener Analysen zur Stellung der Inzisiven im Fernröntgenseitenbild und am kieferorthopädischen Diagnostikmodell
Authors: Jungbauer Rebecca , Fechner Frank , Rudzki Ingrid , Proff Peter , Kirschneck Christian 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war es, die Vergleichbarkeit der diagnostischen Interpretationen von 4 Kephalometrien (Tweed, Steiner, Ricketts, Hasund) und einer Modellanalyse (Korkhaus) bezüglich der sagittalen Stellung (Inklination und Position) der Inzisiven zu evaluieren.Hierzu wurden von 92 zufällig ausgewählten Patienten (Alter: 10–11 Jahre) ohne kieferorthopädische Vorbehandlung Fernröntgenseitenbilder und Diagnostikmodelle vermessen.Alle Aussagen zur dentobasalen Inklination und anterior-posterioren Position der Inzisiven im oberen und unteren Zahnbogen zeigten innerhalb der 4 Kephalometrien z.T. deutlich abweichende Ergebnisse. Die oberen Inzisiven waren z. B. nach der Ricketts-Analyse bei 75% der Patienten antepositioniert, gemäß der Hasund-Analyse nur bei 47,8%. Die höchste Übereinstimmung mit 84,8% ließ der Vergleich Steiner- zu Ricketts-Analyse für die Position der oberen Inzisiven erkennen. Die geringste Übereinstimmung von 30,4% zeigten die Ricketts- und Korkhaus-Analysen bezüglich der Position der unteren Inzisiven. Generell war die Übereinstimmung zwischen den 4 Kephalometrien höher als zur Modellanalyse.Die teils erhebliche Inkongruenz der verschiedenen Analysen zeigt, dass für die patientenindividuelle Beurteilung der Stellung der Inzisiven die Kenntnis der jeweiligen Gesamtanalyse mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen und gegebenenfalls Berücksichtigung verschiedener Analysen notwendig ist, bevor therapeutische Konsequenzen abgeleitet werden.