bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JWST Detects Silane in a Cold Low-Metallicity World
Authors: Faherty Jacqueline , Meisner Aaron , Burningham Ben , Visscher Channon , Suarez Genaro , Gagne Jonathan , Merchan Sherelyn Alejandro , Rothermich Austin , Line Michael , Burgasser Adam , Schneider Adam , Caselden Dan , Kirkpatrick Davy , Kuchner Marc , Gagliuffi Daniella Carolina Bardalez , Eisenhardt Peter , Gelino Christopher , Gonzales Eileen , Marocco Federico , Leggett Sandy , Lodieu Nicolas , Casewell Sarah , Tremblin Pascal , Cushing Michael , Osorio María Rosa Zapatero , Béjar Víctor , Gauza Bartosz , Wright Edward , Phillips Mark , Zhang Jun-Yan , Martín Eduardo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Within 20 pc of the Sun there are 29 isolated sources with measured distances (Kirkpatrick et al. 2024) and an estimated temperature between that of Jupiter (170K) and∼500K – the cold brown dwarf regime. These objects are valuable laboratories for exploring the diversity of extrasolar atmospheres and comparing them to solar system gas giants. Here we report JWST observations of one such source, WISEA J153429.75-104303.3 (W1534), which we confirm is a substellar mass member of the Galactic halo with a metallicity <0.01×solar. Its spectrum reveals methane (CH4), water (H2O), and silane (SiH4) gas. Although SiH4 is expected to serve as a key reservoir for the critical cloud-forming element Si in gas giant worlds, it eluded detection in any substellar mass object (solar system or otherwise) until now because it is removed from observable atmospheres by the formation of silicate clouds at depth. These condensates are favored with increasing metallicity, explaining why SiH4 remains undetected on well studied, metal-rich solar system worlds like Jupiter and Saturn (Fegley & Lodders 1994). On the metal-poor world W1534, we detect a clear signature of SiH4 centered at∼4.55 µm with an abundance of∼20 parts per billion (ppb). Chemical models suggest it is likely quenched from regions just above the silicate cloud layers where moderate to strong vertical mixing from a pressure level of several hundred bar can transport it to the observable photosphere. The formation and detection of SiH4 – favoured by the low metallicity and short convective mixing timescales in the atmosphere of W1534 – demonstrates key coupled relationships between composition, cloud formation, and atmospheric mixing in cold brown dwarf and planetary atmospheres.
Factors Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction &amp; Turnover Ratio: A Case of Engineering Organization in Baluchistan, Pakistan.
Authors: Anwar Aftab , Ahmed Shakeel , Sumera  , Mustafa Salman , Jing Li 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

An organization that sustains a well-developed position in the organizational world has to make its employee satisfied in every aspect. The current study addresses the factors influencing job satisfaction and turnover of employees. A survey questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the specific staff to collect the opinions of the employees. Results showed that (82.2%) employees are satisfied with the type of work, (64%) head’s behavior & recommendation of the organization, (> 60%) physical working conditions, and (60%) potential development opportunities but dissatisfied (> 40%) fun at work, (> 35%) initial training, and (> 30%) equipment & resource. Also, the main factors of employee turnover were (> 57%) poor teamwork, organizational politics (> 30%), unfair appraisal (> 45%), and no social connectedness and harmony (> 40%). The study recommends paying attention and developing fair means to listen to the basic innovative needs of the employees and take this under observation to make them satisfied and lessen the turnover ratio for the progression of the organization.
Evaluation of Activated Textile Sludge as an adsorbent for removal of Bezaktiv HP-R reactive red dye
Authors: Eshetu Wassie Adane , Gabbye Nigus Habtu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Waste management in textile industries become a serious health and environmental challenge across the globe. Dye containing wastewater is toxic in nature and alters the physicochemical characteristics of receiving water bodies. Handling of solid sludge from the textile wastewater treatment is becoming a series problem for industries. In this study, removal of bezaktive HPR-reactive red dye on thermo-chemically activated textile sludge as low cost adsorbent was investigated. The adsorbent was prepared using thermal activation followed by chemical activation method. Its physic-chemical, morphological and textural properties were characterized using PZc, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TGA. The characterization results showed that the prepared adsorbent has a strong affinity for adsorption of an ionic dye. The effect of operating parameters such as, solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial dye concentration studies were conducted to evaluate the removal efficiency of the adsorbent in batch adsorption system. Study of adsorption isotherms and kinetics were carried out and best fitting models for the dye adsorption process were suggested. The result showed a maximum percentage removal of (98.46%) at pH value of 2, adsorbent dosage of 1.5g, initial dye concentration of 100mg/L, contact time of 60minutes and temperature of 25 oC. The obtained adsorption data were well fitted with Languimer and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption kinetics studies indicate that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order adsorption model. It was observed that textile waste sludge seems a promising good adsorbent for the effective removal of bezaktiv HP-R reactive red dye from textile wastewater
Nonlinear relationship between phenotypic age acceleration and testosterone deficiency in the US population: A cross-sectional NHANES study
Authors: Zhou Yiwen , Cai Yuxi , Zheng Pengfei , Chen Xinglin , Mu Zezhong , Xu chenyang , Mao Shanhua 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to assess the relationship between Phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) and testosterone deficiency (TD) in US male, using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2015 to 2016.
Methods
This study explored the relationship between PhenoAgeAccel and TD by analyzing a sample reflecting the male population of the United States (n = 1,402; NHANES 2015–2016). Phenotypic age (PA) is calculated using nine blood-based biomarkers. PhenoAgeAccel was calculated by extracting the residuals and regressing the phenotypic age on the chronological age (CA). TD was defined as serum testosterone levels below 300 ng/dL, in accordance with the criteria set forth by the AUA. This research used multivariable logistic models to examine the connection between PhenoAgeAccel and TD. Additionally, it included subgroup and interaction analyses to assess variations among different groups. Smoothed curve fitting and generalized additive modelling (GAM) were also employed to analyze the data further.
Results
The study included 1,402 subjects, with 293 diagnosed with TD and 1,109 without. The weighted multivariate logistic regression model indicated an 8% higher probability of TD for each unit increase in PhenoAgeAccel (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.11) after accounting for all covariates. Subgroup analysis outcomes were uniform across various categories, demonstrating a significant positive relationship between PhenoAgeAccel and TD. Interaction tests showed that the positive link between PhenoAgeAccel and TD remained consistent with all interaction P-values exceeding 0.05. Also, a non-linear relationship between PhenoAgeAccel and TD was discovered, with a progressive increase in the risk of TD with elevated PhenoAgeAccel, exhibiting a J-shaped curve (inflection point: -9.26, p < 0.05).
Conclusions
Our study suggests that an increase in PhenoAgeAccel may be correlated with a heightened likelihood of developing TD. Consequently, PhenoAgeAccel could potentially serve as a valuable biomarker for the early identification of individuals at risk of TD, with implications for clinical management and public health nutrition strategies.
Metabolomic Insight into the DCD Kidney Grafts – Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion Compared With Hypothermic Machine Perfusion and Static Cold Storage
Authors: Stryjak Iga , Warmuzińska Natalia , Łuczykowski Kamil , Wnuk Kacper , Rosales-Solano Hernando , Janiszek Patrycja , Urbanellis Peter , Buszko Katarzyna , Pawliszyn Janusz , Selzner Markus , Bojko Barbara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

One of the fundamental problems of current transplantation is the organ shortage. To address this issue, Extended Criteria Donor grafts are utilized. However, this requires better organ preservation strategies and reliable methods of assessing graft function. The objective of the work was to evaluate the changes in kidney metabolome in the intact organs subjected to three preservation methods: normothermic ex vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP), hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) and static cold storage (SCS). The chemical biopsy was used for minimally invasive in vivo sampling of metabolites, followed by analysis on liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) platform. The results revealed metabolites altered by the ischemia and oxidative stress in the donor’s kidneys, as well as compounds characterizing changes occurring in the grafts perfused under normothermic and hypothermic conditions and in static cold storage. The metabolomic differences were also recorded immediately after organ transplantation and reperfusion and a few days after the surgery. It was clearly shown that all three preservation methods are associated with different biochemical alterations. The pattern of metabolites characterizing NEVKP indicated that sustaining normothermic conditions enables the activation of physiological anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the tissue. However, some of the protective metabolites are known to exhibit Janus’sface, which might be an important finding in the future design of graft treatment. A metabolomics profile of HMP and SCS kidneys confirmed that despite the fact that hypothermia lowers energy demand in the cells, it also restricts physiological repair mechanisms. The studies lie the ground for future experiments toward better graft assessment and improved organ preservation directly from the organs utilizing this non-destructive approach.The chemical biopsy can serve as a versatile sampling tool for discovery investigations, but it can also be translated into a diagnostic tool to monitor specific biomarkers of graft quality in the future.
Performance evaluation of AfriTEC model during quiet and disturbed time over East African sector
Authors: Data Efrem Amanuel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a performance evaluation of the African Regional Ionospheric Total Electron Content (AfriTEC) model during both quiet and disturbed conditions from the solar maximum year of 2014 and the solar minimum year of 2009 in the East African sector. The analysis was conducted using data from GPS receivers with IGSS stations located at (geographic lat and long: for ADIS 9.03oN 38.76oE, BDMT 11.6oN 37.35oE, MOIU 0.28oN 35.29oE, MAL2 -2.99oS 40.19oE, DODM -6.17oS 35.75oE and MBAR 0.60oS 30.65oE). The AfriTEC model provides output data in folder, which is consistent with the derived GPS-TEC data. Geomagnetic indices data of Kp values ranging from 0 to 4.2 for 2014 and from 0 to 3 for 2009 and Dst index value between 20 to -65 for 2014 and 2009 year its value ranging 10 to -50 nT were obtained from the OMNIWEB data source. The monthly, seasonal, and diurnal characteristics of AfriTEC estimates for the equatorial and low latitudinal region's ionosphere are validated by using RMSE and MAE. The MAE is typically greater than 1.3 for all stations, indicating a strong correlation between the observations and related predictions. The paper also discusses the validation of the AfriTEC ionospheric model to ensure its accuracy and reliability under both quiet and disturbed conditions in the East African region.
Smoking Knowledge and its associated factors among Al-Mustaqbel University students in Al Hilla City
Authors: Muhaibes Fakhria , Mohaibes Mohammed 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity in the world.
Objective of the study:
1. Asses the sociodemographic characteristics for the students who were smoker in regard to their age.
2. Find out their knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking.
3. Determine the factors leading to smoking.
Method: A descriptive analytic study design was adopted at the university of Al-Mustaqbel. A convenience sample of 300 students chose purposively from different level of their study. A questionnaire was developed by the researchers.
Results: The majority of the students were male (94%) smokers, their age of started smoking more than 18 years, with sufficient income, about half of them their families and friends know that they were smoker, most of them know that the disorder caused by smoking, and the majority of them 76.33% think that the causes of smoking was family problem, stress and anxiety. in addition to the life burden, friends and influence by others had high mean.
Conclusion: Majority of the study sample age between 18-23 years old, male, unmarried and lived in urban area. High percentage of them thinks that smoking causes cancer of the lung, and respiratory diseases. The majority of the sample believed that the cause of smoking was family problem, stress and anxiety, and life burden.
Recommendations: The use of various media may help in stopping smoking and helping the students to stop smoking through encourage their family by instructing the students to avoid any assembly that include smoking.
A systematic review of the imaging modalities used for image acquisition.
Authors: Gilbert Agaba , Bonny Matsiko , Arisen Habumugisha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: The diagnosis and treatment of patients depend heavily on imaging modalities, which makes them essential to healthcare. However, as technology for imaging modalities develops and new equipment is introduced, it will become more difficult to classify and comprehend if early intervention is used.
Methodology: This was a systematic review that aimed to identify and categorize imaging modalities, assess how they function, learn how various modalities have been utilized, learn what kinds of images various modalities create, and learn about the models that are available in Uganda. Search terms will include “microscopy” "MRI," "CT," "ultrasound," "X-ray," “nuclear imaging” "PET," "SPECT," "Uganda," "diagnostic imaging," "clinical application," "image types," and "imaging models." Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) were used to combine search terms. The study employed the PRISMA methodology for reporting the findings.
Results: Based on a review of the literature, this study discovered that different imaging modalities provide diverse images that are utilized in different health care services. However, there are five primary categories into which the mode operation/principle of work (the technique used to construct images of the body at different levels) can be divided. These include;
1. X-ray imaging (Radiography, Computed Tomography (CT), mammograms, contrast X-rays, dental X-rays, and Fluoroscopy)
2. Ultrasound or Sonography (Abdominal ultrasound, Vascular ultrasound, Obstetric ultrasound, Gynecological ultrasound, fetal brain and transcranial ultrasound, Echocardiography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and trans-virginal ultrasound)
3. Nuclear Medicine Imaging (Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT))
4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
5. Visible light medical imaging (dermatology, endoscopy, Microscopy (optical and electron microscopes, digital and video cameras (photography))
Conclusion: In medicine, imaging modalities are crucial, and new technologies are always developing to produce images of the body in different ways. X-rays, ultrasound or sonography, nuclear technology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and visible light are the main tools used by the majority of these technologies. Every specific modality makes a distinct contribution to modern medicine's complete imaging capabilities, which enhance patient care and diagnostic precision.
Mineralogical characterization of the Seffner fulgurite, Florida: Insights into lightning-induced petrogenesis
Authors: Morana Marta , Pasek Matthew  A. , Catelani Tiziano , Bindi Luca 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fulgurites are glasses formed when electrical discharge hits a target material made of soil, sand, or rock. Due to their formation conditions, fulgurites inform how high-temperature processes and rapid quenching of rocks results in peculiar mineralogical assemblages characterized by the presence of reduced phases. Fulgurites can either be natural, or artificial, with the latter occurring when the electrical discharge is not due to lighting but to a downed power line, and anthropogenic if the target material is not completely natural, allowing for a wide range of temperatures and materials involved in their formation. Artificial and anthropogenic fulgurite are far less characterized than natural ones. In this work, we studied a fulgurite from Seffner, Florida, U.S.A., formed by the action of a downed power line. The fulgurite also contains a piece of a metal conductor, thus providing the interesting opportunity to characterize the interface between the metal and the silicatic portion of the sample. The Seffner fulgurite contains a huge variety of reduced phases, comprising metallic silicon, iron silicide, Al-Fe-Si and Fe-Si-Ti compounds. The iron silicides point to an environment rich in silicon and exposed to relatively low temperatures, as typical in artificial fulgurites. Al-containing phases are found close to the metal conductor, suggesting that Al metal in the wire could play a major role in determining the mineralogy of the Seffner fulgurite and in driving the formation of reduced phases. Conversely, Fe-Si-Ti phases occur in the whole fulgurite fragment containing the metal conductor, suggesting the action of another source of reduction, most probably organic carbon. Noteably, analysis of other portion of the fulgurite samples far from the metal conductor shows a minor presence of reduced phases, supporting the role of Al as a fundamental driver of the reduction.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice
Authors: Wang Jiayuan , Wang Xinyu , An Zihui , Wang Xuan , Wang Yaru , Lu Yuehan , Qiu Mengsheng , Liu Zheqi , Tan Zhou 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting
the central nervous system (CNS), with its etiology still shrouded in uncertainty. The interplay
of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed
of tau protein, cholinergic neuronal impairment, and other pathogenic factors is implicated
in the progression of AD.

Objective:
The current study endeavors to delineate the proteomic landscape alterations in the hippocampus
of an AD murine model, utilizing proteomic analysis to identify key physiological and
pathological shifts induced by the disease. This endeavor aims to shed light on the underlying
pathogenic mechanisms, which could facilitate early diagnosis and pave the way for novel therapeutic
interventions for AD.

Methods:
To dissect the proteomic perturbations induced by Aβ and Presenilin-1 (PS1) in the AD
pathogenesis, we undertook a label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomic analysis focusing on the hippocampal
proteome of the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model. Employing a multi-faceted approach
that included differential protein functional enrichment, cluster analysis, and protein-protein
interaction (PPI) network analysis, we conducted a comprehensive comparative proteomic
study between APP/PS1 transgenic mice and their wild-type C57BL/6 counterparts.

Results:
Mass spectrometry identified a total of 4817 proteins in the samples, with 2762 proteins
being quantifiable. Comparative analysis revealed 396 proteins with differential expression between
the APP/PS1 and control groups. Notably, 35 proteins exhibited consistent temporal regulation
trends in the hippocampus, with concomitant alterations in biological pathways and PPI networks.

Conclusions:
This study presents a comparative proteomic profile of transgenic (APP/PS1) and
wild-type mice, highlighting the proteomic divergences. Furthermore, it charts the trajectory of
proteomic changes in the AD mouse model across the developmental stages from 2 to 12 months,
providing insights into the physiological and pathological implications of the disease-associated
genetic mutations.
Integration of an Audiovisual Learning Resource in a Podiatric Medical Infectious Disease Course: Multiple Cohort Pilot Study
Authors: Hoyt Garrik , Bakshi Chandra Shekhar , Basu Paramita 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Improved long-term learning retention leads to higher exam scores and overall course grades, which is crucial for success in preclinical coursework in any podiatric medicine curriculum. Audiovisual mnemonics, in conjunction with text-based materials and an interactive user interface, have been shown to increase memory retention and higher order thinking.

Objective
This pilot study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating web-based multimedia learning resources for improving student engagement and increasing learning retention.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 2 cohorts totaling 158 second-year podiatric medical students. The treatment group had access to Picmonic’s audiovisual resources, while the control group followed traditional instruction methods. Exam scores, final course grades, and user interactions with Picmonic were analyzed. Logistic regression and correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between Picmonic access, performance outcomes, and student engagement.

Results
The treatment group (n=91) had significantly higher average exam scores (P<.001) and final course grades (P<.001) than the control group (n=67). Effect size for the average final grades (d=0.96) indicated the practical significance of these differences. Logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between Picmonic access with an odds ratio of 2.72 with a 95% confidence interval, indicating that it is positively associated with the likelihood of achieving high final grades. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship (r=0.25, P=.02) between the number of in-video questions answered and students’ final grades. Survey responses reflected increased student engagement, comprehension, and higher user satisfaction (3.71 out of 5 average rating) with the multimedia-based resources compared to traditional instructional resources.

Conclusions
This pilot study underscores the positive impact of animation-supported web-based instruction on preclinical medical education. The treatment group, equipped with Picmonic, exhibited improved learning outcomes, enhanced engagement, and high satisfaction. These results contribute to the discourse on innovative educational methods and highlight the potential of multimedia-based learning resources to enrich medical curricula. Despite certain limitations, this research suggests that animation-supported audiovisual instruction offers a valuable avenue for enhancing student learning experiences in medical education.