bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common and distinct neural correlates of self‐serving and prosocial dishonesty
Authors: Pornpattananangkul Narun , Zhen Shanshan , Yu Rongjun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPeople often anticipate certain benefits when making dishonest decisions. In this article, we aim to dissociate the neural–cognitive processes of (1) dishonest decisions that focus on overall benefits of being dishonest (regardless of whether the benefits are self‐serving or prosocial) from (2) those that distinguish between self‐serving and prosocial benefits. Thirty‐one participants had the opportunity to maximize their monetary benefits by voluntarily making dishonest decisions while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In each trial, the monetary benefit of being dishonest was either self‐serving or prosocial. Behaviorally, we found dissociable patterns of dishonest decisions: some participants were dishonest for overall benefits, while others were primarily dishonest for self‐serving (compared with prosocial) benefits. When provided an opportunity to be dishonest for either self‐serving or prosocial benefits, participants with a stronger overall tendency to be dishonest had stronger vmPFC activity, as well as stronger functional connectivity between the vmPFC and dlPFC. Furthermore, vmPFC activity was associated with decisions to be dishonest both when the benefits of being dishonest were self‐serving and prosocial. Conversely, high self‐serving‐biased participants had stronger striatum activity and stronger functional connectivity between the striatum and middle‐mPFC when they had a chance to be dishonest for self‐serving (compared with prosocial) benefits. Altogether, we showed that activity in (and functional connectivity between) regions in the valuation (e.g., vmPFC and Str) and executive control (e.g., dlPFC and mmPFC) systems play a key role in registering the social‐related goal of dishonest decisions.
Comparative histochemical analysis of glycoconjugates in the nasal vestibule of camel and sheep
Authors: Ibrahim Dalia , Nakamuta Nobuaki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhile Corriedale sheep survive in a wide range of climates, which prevents them to specialize for one climatic condition only, dromedary camels strictly adapted to desert areas. This demands more adaptive mechanisms to hot, dry conditions in camels than in sheep. Being the entrance of the nasal cavity, nasal vestibule is subjected to various environmental stressors. A protective way is the lining epithelium which is cornified in camel, but not in sheep. Mucus nasal secretions also play a key role in the protection of underlyings. Additionally, arterio‐venous anastomosis is present in the lamina propria of the nasal vestibule of camel. In the present paper, sugar residues in the nasal vestibule of camel were analyzed and compared with those of sheep using 14 types of lectins to explore the distribution of glycoconjugates that may help the function of camel nasal vestibule in desert environment. In camel, none of the lectins could label the basal cells of the vestibular epithelium, although the basal cells reacted with six lectins in sheep. In camel, LEL and RCA‐120 markedly labeled the luminal surface. WGA, DBA, SBA, and VVA produced marked intensities on the luminal surface in sheep. The mucous glands reacted with six lectins: WGA, s‐WGA, VVA, PNA, PHA‐E, and PHA‐L in camel, while all lectins used except s‐WGA and PHA‐E reacted in the sheep. In summary, great differences are observed in the glycoconjugate expression between camel and sheep. This suggests that these glycoconjugate are related to camel's tolerance for environmental stressors.
Bioactive polymeric formulations for wound healing
Authors: Nada Ahmed A. , Arul Michael R. , Ramos Daisy M. , Kroneková Zuzana , Mosnáček Jaroslav , Rudraiah Swetha , Kumbar Sangamesh G. 
Published: March 2018

Ricinoleic acid (RA) has potential to promote wound healing because of its analgesic and anti‐inflammatory properties. This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of RA liposomes infused in a hydrogel for topical application. Lecithin liposomes containing RA were prepared and incorporated into a chitosan solution and were subsequently cross‐linked with di‐aldehyde β‐cyclodextrin (Di‐β‐CD). Chitosan/Di‐β‐CD concentrations and reaction temperatures were varied to alter gelation time, water content, and mechanical properties of the hydrogel in an effort to obtain a wide range of RA release profiles. Hydrogel cross‐linking was confirmed by spectroscopy, and liposome and carrier hydrogel morphology via microscopy. Chitosan, Di‐β‐CD, and liposome concentrations within the formulation affected the extent of matrix swelling, mechanical strength, and pore and overall morphology. Higher cross‐linking density of the hydrogel led to lower water uptake and slower release rate of RA. Optimized formulations resulted in a burst release of RA followed by a steady release pattern accounting for 80% of the encapsulated RA over a period of 48 hours. However, RA concentrations above 0.1 mg/mL were found to be cytotoxic to fibroblast cultures in vitro because of the oily nature of RA. These formulations promoted wound healing when used to treat full thickness skin wounds (2 cm2) in Wister male rats. The wound contraction rates were significantly higher compared to a commercially available topical cream after a time period of 21 days. Histopathological analysis of the RA‐liposomal chitosan hydrogel group showed that the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous skin layers displayed an accelerated yet normal healing compared to control group.
The role of observed autonomy support, reciprocity, and need satisfaction in adolescent disclosure about friends
Authors: Wuyts Dorien , Soenens Bart , Vansteenkiste Maarten , Van Petegem Stijn 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough research increasingly addresses the role of parenting in fostering adolescent disclosure, most research relied on self‐report measures of parenting and did not address the role of autonomy support. In the present observational study (conducted in Belgium), with 62 mother‐adolescent dyads (mean age mothers = 44 years; mean age adolescents = 14 years; 77% of adolescents female), we rated mothers' provision of autonomy support during a 10‐minute conversation about friendships. We found that observed maternal autonomy support was related positively to adolescents' degree of and volitional reasons for disclosure about friends. These associations were mediated by observed non‐verbal reciprocity during the conversation and by adolescent satisfaction of their needs for autonomy and relatedness. Mothers' autonomy‐support and mother‐adolescent reciprocity also predicted mothers' own psychological need satisfaction and conversation pleasure. The relevance of the findings for adolescent autonomy and disclosure are discussed.
Perforated diverticulitis: To anastomose or not to anastomose? A national survey
Authors: Shaban F. , Holtham S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Aims:
No consensus has been reached in the management of perforated diverticulitis. However, many surgeons opt for a Hartmann's procedure. A primary anastomosis has been shown to be a feasible alternative. We hypothesize that colorectal consultants and senior trainees are more likely to opt for a resection with primary anastomosis in selected cases than their non-colorectal counterparts.

Methods:
A national survey was conducted electronically. A questionnaire was distributed via training program directors and social media to general surgeons across the country, to assess their views on primary anastomosis in perforated diverticulitis.

Results:
Of the 90 responses to the survey, 72.2% said they would only consider an anastomosis in purulent peritonitis, 18.9% in both faecal and purulent and 8.9% would never consider it. There was a significant difference in choice of operation depending on patient and operative risk factors but no difference between grades of training or subspeciality.

Conclusion:
The survey showed that high-risk patients are more likely to have an open Hartmann's procedure irrelevant of the grade or subspeciality of the surgeon. The choice of operation in the lower risk patients was varied.

Highlights:
Associação dos polimorfismos ESRα XbaI A > G, ESRα PvuII T > C e ESRβ AlwNI T > C com o risco de desenvolver escoliose idiopática da adolescência: Revisão sistemática e metanálise genética
Authors: Sobhan Mohammad Reza , Mahdinezhad-Yazdi Masoud , Dastgheib Seyed Alireza , Jafari Mohammadali , Raee-Ezzabadi Ali , Neamatzadeh Hossein 
Published: March 2018

ResumoVários estudos de associação entre os polimorfismos genéticos nos receptores α e β de estrogênio e a escoliose idiopática da adolescência (EIA) foram publicados nas últimas duas décadas. No entanto, a associação com a EIA, especialmente em diferentes subgrupos étnicos, continua a ser controversa. Assim, o presente estudo investigou esses dados inconclusivos por meio de uma metanálise para avaliar sistematicamente essa associação.Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) e Wanfang até 20 de janeiro de 2018. A força de associação foi avaliada por meio de razões de probabilidades (RPs) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (ICs95%).Um total de 12 estudos de caso-controle, com 4.304 casos de EIA e 3.123 controles, atenderam aos critérios de inclusão do presente estudo. As RPs combinadas indicaram que os polimorfismos ESRα XbaI A > G, ESRα PvuII T > C e ESRβ AlwNI T > C podem não estar significativamente associados ao risco geral de desenvolvimento de EIA. No entanto, observou-se uma associação significativa entre o polimorfismo ESRα XbaI A > G e a EIA sob o modelo homozigótico (GG versus AA; RP = 1,448; IC95%: 1,052–1,993; p = 0,023).Esta metanálise sugere que os polimorfismos ESRα XbaI A > G, ESRα PvuII T > C e ESRβ AlwNI T > C podem não estar associados ao risco geral de desenvolvimento de EIA. No entanto, ESRα XbaI A > G pode influenciar a suscetibilidade de desenvolver EIA entre indivíduos asiáticos. Considerando o tamanho e a variação étnica limitada da amostra, outros estudos de maior escala são necessários para obter uma estimativa mais precisa das associações.
Silurian tarphyceridDiscoceras(Cephalopoda, Nautiloidea): systematics, embryonic development and paleoecology
Authors: Manda Štěpán , Turek Vojtěch 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTarphycerids were diverse and abundant in Ordovician marine faunas. Beginning at the Late Ordovician extinction, the diversity of tarphycerids declined throughout the Silurian, until their extinction in the latest Silurian. Two genera survived the Late Ordovician extinction:TrocholitesConrad, 1838 (from whichOphiocerasBarrande, 1865 probably diverged) andDiscocerasBarrande, 1867 (=GraftonocerasFoerste, 1925).Discoceras graftonense(Meek and Worthen, 1870), so far known from the US, China, and Australia, is recorded from the Silurian of Bohemia and Gotland.Discoceras stridsbergin. sp.,D.lindstroemin. sp., andD. sp. indet. from the Wenlock of Gotland andD.amissus(Barrande, 1865) from the Llandovery of Bohemia are all endemic species probably derived fromD.graftonense. The distribution ofD.graftonenseand the origin of four species ofDiscocerasin the latest Sheinwoodian and early Homerian represent the last diversification and dispersion of the Tarphycerida. No tarphycerid species originated after the mid-Homerian extinction (Mulde and Lundgreni events). SilurianDiscocerasretained the morphology and habitats of their Ordovician ancestors. The hatching time and autecology of juveniles has remained unclear. Evidence from the material studied suggests that juveniles were planktonic in habit, possessing a minute curved shell with few phragmocone chambers.Discoceras lindstroemin. sp. is exceptional owing to its heteromorphic planispiral shell with coiling that changed during ontogeny, resulting in a changing aperture orientation and decreased maneuverability.
Is biodiversity energy-limited or unbounded? A test in fossil and modern bivalves
Authors: McClain Craig R. , Heim Noel A. , Knope Matthew L. , Payne Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe quantity of biomass in an ecosystem is constrained by energy availability. It is less clear, however, how energy availability constrains taxonomic and functional diversity. Competing models suggest biodiversity is either resource-limited or far from any bound. We test the hypothesis that functional diversity in marine bivalve communities is constrained by energy availability, measured as particulate organic carbon (POC) flux, in the modern oceans. We find that POC flux predicts the relative prevalence of ecological modes in both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Moreover, the associations of ecological modes with POC fluxes are similar between the Atlantic and Pacific despite being based on independent sets of species, indicating a direct causal relationship. We then use the relationship between POC flux and the prevalence of functional groups in the modern to test the hypothesis that the trend of increasing functional diversity in bivalves across the past 500 Myr has occurred in response to increased POC flux. We find no evidence that the earliest-appearing modes of life are preferentially associated with low-POC environments or that the mean POC flux experienced by marine bivalves has increased across geological time. To reconcile the close association between ecological mode and POC flux in the modern oceans with the lack of evidence for increasing POC fluxes across time, we propose that POC flux has not increased substantially over time but, rather, the increase in bivalve functional diversity enabled bivalves to become more abundant, to occupy a broader range of environments, and to capture a greater fraction of the total POC flux. The results here suggest at the geographic scale of oceans and through geologic time bivalve diversity was not bounded by food availability.
n-3 PUFA and obesity: from peripheral tissues to the central nervous system
Authors: de Mello Aline Haas , Uberti Marcela Fornari , de Farias Bianca Xavier , de Souza Nathalia Alberti Ribas , Rezin Gislaine Tezza 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe current paradigms of prevention and treatment are unable to curb obesity rates, which indicates the need to explore alternative therapeutic approaches. Obesity leads to several damages to the body and is an important risk factor for a number of other chronic diseases. Furthermore, despite the first alterations in obesity being observed and reported in peripheral tissues, studies indicate that obesity can also cause brain damage. Obesity leads to a chronic low-grade inflammatory state, and the therapeutic manipulation of inflammation can be explored. In this context, the use ofn-3 PUFA (especially in the form of fish oil, rich in EPA and DHA) may be an interesting strategy, as this substance is known by its anti-inflammatory effect and numerous benefits to the body, such as reduction of TAG, cardiac arrhythmias, blood pressure and platelet aggregation, and has shown potential to help treat obesity. Thereby, the aim of this narrative review was to summarise the literature related ton-3 PUFA use in obesity treatment. First, the review provides a brief description of the obesity pathophysiology, including alterations that occur in peripheral tissues and at the central nervous system. In the sequence, we describe what aren-3 PUFA, their sources and their general effects. Finally, we explore the main topic linking obesity andn-3 PUFA. Animal and human studies were included and alterations on the whole organism were described (peripheral tissues and brain).
Obvious but Invisible: Ways of Knowing Health, Environment, and Colonialism in a West Coast Indigenous Community
Authors: Raibmon Paige 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper interrogates the specific workings and stakes of slow violence onIndigenousground. It argues that despite similarities with other environmental justice struggles, Indigenous ones are fundamentally distinct because of Indigenous peoples' unique relationship to the polluted or damaged entity, to the state, and to capital. It draws from Indigenous studies, history, anthropology, geography, sensory studies, and STS, to present results from research with the Mowachaht Muchalaht First Nation, an Indigenous people on the west coast of British Columbia. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, this community used successive strategies to try to render its knowledge about health, environment, and authority visible to the settler state. Each strategy entailed particular configurations of risk, perceptibility, and uncertainty; each involved translation between epistemologies; and each implicated a distinct subject position for Indigenous peoples vis-à-vis the state. The community's initial anti-colonial, environmental justice campaign attempted to translate local, Indigenous ways of knowing into the epistemologies of environmental science and public health. After this strategy failed, community leaders launched another that leveraged the state's legal epistemology. This second strategy shifted the balance of risk and uncertainty such that state actors felt compelled to act. The community achieved victory, but at a price. Where the first strategy positioned the community as a self-determined, sovereign actor; the second positioned it as a ward of the state. This outcome illustrates the costs that modern states extract from Indigenous peoples who seek remedial action, and more generally, the mechanisms through which the colonial present is (re)produced.
Genotyping of individual Ceratonova shasta (Cnidaria: Myxosporea) myxospores reveals intra-spore ITS-1 variation and invalidates the distinction of genotypes II and III
Authors: Atkinson Stephen D. , Hallett Sascha L. , Bartholomew Jerri L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGenotypes of the myxosporean parasite Ceratonova shasta are defined by the number of ATC repeats in the parasite's ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region 1. These genotypes correlate with specific salmonid fish hosts. We observed coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with mixtures of genotypes II and III, and assumed that this was a consequence of fish having an aggregate infection from multiple individual parasites. We hypothesized that although multiple ITS copies are present within a parasite spore, the DNA sequences of these copies are identical, and thus individual C. shasta spores are a single genotype. We tested this by extracting and sequencing DNA from individual myxospores. We trialed three approaches for in-tube DNA extraction; digestion with proteinase K was superior to simply rehydrating spores, or incubation in the buffer. Sequences from 14 myxospores were each a mixture of genotypes II and III. Therefore, intra-genomic ribosomal DNA variants exist within individual parasite spores, and II and III should no longer be regarded as discrete C. shasta genotypes. This single-spore genotyping approach will be a useful tool for testing validity of other C. shasta genotypes, and for correctly matching genotype with phenotype for mixed infections of other myxozoan species.
The Control of Nutrient Run-Off from Agricultural Areas: Insights into Governance from Australia’s Sugarcane Industry and the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Hamman Evan , Deane Felicity 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMany parts of the world rely on nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus to improve farming production and increase yields. There are significant food security as well as socio-economic issues at stake. However, it is also clear that fertilizer loads are particularly damaging to aquatic environments, including lakes, rivers, coral reefs, and wetlands. This article explores governance approaches to fertilizer practices that impact on aquatic environments (eutrophication) by examining a case study of the Great Barrier Reef. Governance involves any and all forms of state and non-state control over a given set of issues. It can include, but is not limited to, rule-based approaches like regulation, although it can also involve market-driven measures like nutrient trading schemes, government grants and other financial incentives. So, which approach to governance works best to combat this particular policy question? What other insights into the design of effective regulation and governance can be gathered? In this article, the authors make three broad arguments for change: firstly, it is crucial that regulation features within government strategies; secondly, there must be a rigorous systematic evaluation of the strategies to ensure that the desired behavioural change is achieved along with the desired outcomes; thirdly, and most importantly, the strategies and the evaluation methods must be appropriate for the culture of the industry they are designed to regulate.
Audiology Students' Perspectives of Enacting and Learning Clinical Communication: A Qualitative Interview and Video Reflexivity Study
Authors: Tai Samantha , Woodward-Kron Robyn , Barr Caitlin 
Published: March 2018

PurposeEffective clinical communication is pivotal to the provision of quality hearing health care. To date, audiology students reportedly felt ill-prepared when counseling patients about their hearing impairment, yet there is a paucity of studies exploring how clinical communication is taught and learned in audiology programs. Thus, the aims of the study were (a) to explore final year audiology students' perspectives of their own clinical communication skills during an in-house university clinical placement and (b) to explore students' perceptions of their clinical communication education.MethodUsing a qualitative description approach, students were asked to coview their filmed clinical encounter using video reflexivity during a semistructured interview on clinical communication education. Fifteen final year graduate audiology students from The University of Melbourne, Australia, participated in the study. The interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed thematically.ResultsThe overarching themes ofstriving to be patient-centered,assessment shapes behavior, andpower relationsemerged from students' reflection of their own clinical encounter. In addition, the themewhat students wantdescribed the perceived teaching methods that assisted students' clinical communication practices.ConclusionsThe findings of this study highlight the challenges that students perceived during their clinical placement as they strive to enact a patient-centered interaction. An assessment rubric that incorporates communication skills can provide greater opportunities for feedback and self-reflection. Additionally, clinical communication education that adopts experiential learning and is longitudinally integrated into the curriculum can further reinforce students' communication learning needs.