bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition processes in coastal lagoons and their implications for the assessment of ecological health
Authors: Menéndez Margarita , Abril Meritxell , Colls Miriam , Quintana Xavier D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAside from structural indicators, functional indicators have been suggested as a tool for assessing the health of transitional water ecosystems. The aim of this study was to assess the potential for the use of plant litter decomposition as a functional indicator of ecosystem health in coastal lagoons.A field experiment was conducted to assess the decomposition rate ofRuppia maritimaenclosed in coarse and fine mesh litterbags and incubated in 10 Mediterranean coastal lagoons that conform to a gradient of ecological status produced by anthropogenic impacts as determined by a structural quality index.The microbial decomposition rate in fine mesh litterbags increased linearly along the ecological gradient. However, this relationship was not observed for the overall decomposition rate in coarse mesh bags.Decomposition rates in coarse mesh bags were negatively related to macroinvertebrate diversity, indicating that, in transitional habitats, such as coastal lagoons, high biodiversity is not a prerequisite for successful ecosystem functioning.The results suggest that functional indicators, such as the microbial litter decomposition process, should be used in addition to structural ones to detect anthropogenic‐derived environmental perturbations in coastal lagoons.
Effect of the sulfur atom on S2 and S4 positions of the uracil ring in different DNA:RNA hybrid microhelixes with three nucleotide base pairs
Authors: Alcolea Palafox Mauricio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe effect of the sulphur atom on the uracil ring was analyzed in different DNA:RNA microhelixes with three nucleotide base‐pairs, including uridine, 2‐thiouridine, 4‐thiouridine, 2,4‐dithiouridine, cytidine, adenosine and guanosine. Distinct backbone and helical parameters were optimized at different density functional (DFT) levels. The Watson‐Crick pair with 2‐thiouridine appears weaker than with uridine, but its interaction with water molecules appears easier. Two types of microhelixes were found, depending on the H‐bond of H2′ hydroxyl atom: A‐type appears with the ribose ring in3E‐envelope C3′‐endo, and B‐type in2E‐envelope C2′‐endo. B‐type is less common but it is more stable and with higher dipole‐moment. The sulphur atoms significantly increase the dipole‐moment of the microhelix, as well as the rise and propeller twist parameters. Simulations with four Na atoms H‐bonded to the phosphate groups, and further hydration with explicit water molecules were carried out. A re‐definition of the numerical value calculation of several base‐pair and base‐stacking parameters is suggested.
Recent Developments in Metal‐Catalyzed Bio‐orthogonal Reactions for Biomolecule Tagging
Authors: Jang Se‐Young , Murale Dhiraj P. , Kim Anne Doyoung , Lee Jun‐Seok 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith the rapid advances in single‐molecule and live‐cell imaging studies to investigate biological problems, the role of chemical probes to monitor reactions in a live cell has considerably increased. However, selective labeling of a target protein or a specific residue is highly challenging due to the high complexity of the biological system. In particular, biological macromolecules (such as proteins, DNA, or RNA) share many functional groups that potentially cross‐react with exogenous chemical probes. Thus, there are high demands for perfect biocompatible reactions utilizing biologically unavailable chemistry. Metal‐catalyzed reactions have been extensively investigated as synthetic methodology studies, including initial attempts in applying the chemistry in aqueous solutions in vitro or even in biological conditions. Herein, the latest developments and progress in metal‐catalyzed bio‐orthogonal reactions for biomolecule labeling are summarized.
Valorization of Biomass‐derived Small Oxygenates: Kinetics, Mechanisms and Site Requirements of H2‐involved Hydrogenation and Deoxygenation Pathways over Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Shi Hui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a key step in upgrading of biomass‐derived feedstocks to fuels and valuable chemicals. In this review, I select to discuss the current understanding of heterogeneous HDO catalysis of representative small oxygenates that are present in the bio‐crude obtained from thermochemical conversions of biomass raw materials, as the efficient valorization of these presently underutilized carbon sources would significantly improve carbon recovery and the overall process techno‐economics, in addition to facilitating downstream processing in some cases. A primary focus is laid on the kinetics, mechanisms and active site requirements of molecular H2‐involved hydrogenation and deoxygenation reactions of small aliphatic oxygenates. More often than not, surprising contrasts are found between gas‐solid and polar liquid‐solid interfaces and hint toward substantial restructuring and modifications of the catalytic surfaces and chemistries in polar liquids, particularly induced by protic molecules (the most abundant being water). Knowledge gaps, uncharted territories and associated challenges for the interrogations of these fundamental aspects are also discussed in this review.
Gold‐catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions within Guanidinium M12L24 Nanospheres: the Effect of Local Concentrations
Authors: Gonell Sergio , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGold‐catalyzed cycloisomerization reactions have been explored using guanidinium functionalized M12L24 nanospheres that strongly encapsulate gold complexes functionalized with a sulfonate group through hydrogen bonds. As the M12L24 nanospheres can bind up to 24 gold complexes, the effect of local catalyst concentration on the reaction outcome can be easily evaluated. Also, the guanidinium groups of the sphere can weakly interact with the carboxylic group of the substrates, facilitating the pre‐organization of the substrate near to the catalytic active site. Both effects can influence the selectivity and rate of the gold‐catalyzed transformation. Challenging acetate‐containing substrates with internal acetylene functional groups can be cyclized efficiently within the M12L24 nanospheres, where the pre‐organization of the substrate plays a crucial role. For 2‐alkynyl benzoic acids the selectivity of the reaction can be controlled by adjusting the local concentration of gold catalyst in the guanidinium functionalized M12L24 nanosphere.
Recent Advances in Water and Wastewater Electrodisinfection
Authors: Gonzalez‐Rivas Nelly , Reyes‐Pérez Horacio , Barrera‐Díaz Carlos E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe removal of pathogenic organisms from water and wastewater by electrochemical methods has gained increasing attention due to their very high efficiency, and their easy applicability in real world processes. In this regard there are several approaches utilizing different electrode materials to accomplish the pollutant removal. This minireview highlights how electrocoagulation, direct electrooxidation and indirect electrooxidation are used to remove pathogenic microorganisms from different water and wastewater sources, including industrial and municipal water and wastewater. The conditions for each treatment are describe and the material used for the electrodes are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the use of boron‐doped electrodes in such processes. This kind of electrodes have gained attention due to their excellent properties in electrochemical water treatment, including a wide electrochemical potential window in aqueous media, very low capacitance and extreme electrochemical stability.
[Ru(dcbpy)2dppz]2+/Fullerene Cosensitized PTB7‐Th for Ultrasensitive Photoelectrochemical MicroRNA Assay
Authors: Xia Ling‐Ying , Zheng Ying‐Ning , Liang Wen‐Bin , Li Meng‐Jie , Hu Tao , Yuan Ruo , Chai Ya‐Qin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA new cosensitization photoelectrochemical (PEC) strategy was established by using a donor–acceptor‐type photoactive material, poly{4,8‐bis[5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐4,6‐diyl} (PTB7‐Th), as a signal indicator, which was cosensitized with bis(4,4′dicarboxyl‐2,2′‐bipyridyl)(4,5,9,14‐tetraazabenzo[b]triphenylene)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(dcbpy)2dppz]2+) embedded in the grooves of the DNA duplex and fullerene (nano‐C60) immobilized on the surface of DNA nanoflowers for microRNA assay. [Ru(dcbpy)2dppz]2+ and nano‐C60 could effectively enhance the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of PTB7‐Th as a result of well‐matched energy levels among nano‐C60, [Ru(dcbpy)2dppz]2+ and PTB7‐Th, leading to a clearly enhanced photocurrent signal. Meanwhile, a target recycling magnification technique based on duplex‐specific nuclease was applied in this work to obtain higher detection sensitivity. The proposed biosensor demonstrated excellent analytical properties within a linear detection range of 2.5 fm to 2.5 nm and a limit of detection down to 0.83 fm. Impressively, this cosensitization PEC strategy offers an effective and convenient avenue to significantly improve the PCE of a photoactive material, resulting in a remarkably improved photocurrent signal for ultrasensitive and highly accurate detection of various targets.
Metal–Organic Frameworks and Other Crystalline Materials for Ultrahigh Superprotonic Conductivities of 10−2 S cm−1 or Higher
Authors: Chand Santanu , Elahi Syed Meheboob , Pal Arun , Das Madhab C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProton‐conducting materials in the solid state have received immense attention for their role as electrolytes in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells. Recently, crystalline materials—metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), polyoxometalates (POMs), and porous organic crystals—have become an exciting research topic in the field of proton‐conducting materials. For a better electrolyte, a high proton conductivity on the order of 10−2 S cm−1 or higher is preferred as efficient proton transport between the electrodes is ultimately necessary. With an emphasis on design principles, this Concept will focus on MOFs and other crystalline solid‐based proton‐conducting platforms that exhibit “ultrahigh superprotonic” conductivities with values in excess of 10−2 S cm−1. While only a handful of MOFs exhibit such an ultrahigh conductivity, this quality in other systems is even rarer. In addition to interpreting the structural–functional correlation by taking advantage of their crystalline nature, we address the challenges and promising directions for future research.
Synergic Deprotonation Generates Alkali‐Metal Salts of Tethered Fluorenide‐NHC Ligands Co‐Complexed to Alkali‐Metal Amides
Authors: Evans Kieren J. , Mansell Stephen M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSynergic combinations of alkali‐metal hydrocarbyl/amide reagents were used to synthesise saturated N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands tethered to a fluorenide anion through deprotonation of a spirocyclic precursor, whereas conventional bases were not successful. The Li2 derivatives displayed a bridging amide between two Li atoms within the fluorenide‐NHC pocket, whereas the Na2 and K2 analogues displayed extended solid‐state structures with the fluorenide‐NHC ligand chelating one alkali metal centre.
The prevalence and surgical outcomes of Hürthle cell lesions in FNAs of the thyroid: A multi‐institutional study in 6 Asian countries
Authors: Agarwal Shipra , Bychkov Andrey , Jung Chan Kwon , Hirokawa Mitsuyoshi , Lai Chiung‐Ru , Hong SoonWon , Kwon Hyeong Ju , Rangdaeng Samreung , Liu Zhiyan , Su Peng , Kakudo Kennichi , Jain Deepali 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundHürthle cell‐rich nodules (HCNs) encompass non‐neoplastic to malignant lesions. There is paucity of literature on the frequency distribution of HCNs among Bethesda categories, histologic follow‐up, risk of malignancy (ROM), and risk of neoplasia (RON). The objective of this retrospective, multi‐institutional study was to determine the prevalence of the cytologic diagnostic category and surgical outcomes of patients with HCN.MethodsNine tertiary health centers representing 6 Asian countries participated. Cases were retrieved from respective databases. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology was used. Cytology results were correlated with surgical diagnoses.ResultsOf 42,190 thyroid aspirates retrieved, 760 (1.8%) had a Hürthle cell predominance. Most (61%) were categorized as atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, Hürthle cell type” (AUS‐H); 35% were categorized as follicular neoplasm, Hürthle cell type (FN‐H); and 4% were categorized as suspicious for malignancy (SFM). Histologic follow‐up was available for 288 aspirates (38%). Most were benign on resection (66%), and the most common histologic diagnosis was Hürthle cell adenoma (28.5%). The ROM for AUS‐H, FN‐H, and SFM, as calculated on resected nodules, was 32%, 31%, and 71%, respectively; and the RON was 47%, 81%, and 77%, respectively. The 5 institutions that had an AUS‐H:HCN ratio below 0.5 diagnosed HCN less frequently as AUS‐H than as FN‐H.ConclusionsThis is the largest, contemporary, multi‐institutional series of HCNs with surgical follow‐up. Although there was wide interinstitutional variation in prevalence and surgical outcomes, there was no significant difference in the ROM among institutions. The categories AUS‐H and FN‐H had a similar ROM for resected nodules.
Engineering Reusable Sponge of Cobalt Heterostructures for Highly Efficient Organic Pollutants Degradation via Peroxymonosulfate Activation
Authors: Hussain Asif , Liu Yanbiao , Bin‐aftab Tallal , Li Dengxin , Sand Wolfgang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe rational 3D design of affordable cobalt heterostructures with tunable catalytic properties and water phase functionality is highly desirable for advanced oxidation applications. Herein, we demonstrate a new and scalable approach based on thermal‐induced phase separation chemistry that allows controllable in situ growth of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoflowers onto a self‐standing polymer sponge. Detailed characterization revealed that the Co3O4 nanoflowers were uniformly and tightly attached on a mesoporous polymeric network with a surface area of 230.0 m2/g and excellent mechanical stability. The catalytic performance of the sponge‐like catalyst was evaluated by degradation of model organic compounds (i. e., acid orange 7, AO7) under various operational conditions. The results indicate that complete color removal of AO7 can be achieved in <2 min, with a >84% TOC mineralization and negligible cobalt leaching under optimal conditions. The SP‐50/PMS system could also effectively remove a broad range of compounds like antibiotic tetracycline, acid orange 52 (typical fluorescent azo‐dye), and rhodamine B (a typical basic dye). Time‐resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) data revealed that SO4.− and OH.− were the primary oxidative species. Overall results exemplified the advantages of high‐performance sponge catalyst for the remediation of organic pollutants from water environment.
Efficient dummy generation for considering obstacles and protecting user location
Authors: Song Doohee , Song Moonbae , Shakhov Vladimir , Park Kwangjin 
Published: January 2019

SummaryTo receive location‐based services (LBS), users must disclose their locations and queries to the LBS server, which can expose the user's identity, location, and other information. Recently, techniques for protecting user privacy using dummies have been researched. However, many factors, such as the distance between the obstacles and the dummies, must be considered in order to create dummies. Therefore, this study proposes an efficient dummy creation technique to improve user privacy protection. Experimental results show that the proposed technique improves on other recent techniques.
The role of attachment characteristics in dialectical behavior therapy for patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Bernheim Dorothee , Gander Manuela , Keller Ferdinand , Becker Mathias , Lischke Alexander , Mentel Renate , Freyberger Harald J. , Buchheim Anna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAttachment characteristics play a key role in understanding borderline‐specific problems with respect to childhood maltreatment. The aim of this study was to investigate how attachment representations may influence the trajectory of change in a 1‐year outpatient dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) for patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Attachment representations were assessed in 26 BPD patients and 26 healthy controls (HC) using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP) before treatment. Borderline and global symptom severity and interpersonal problems were examined before, during, and after completing the intervention. Analysis of variance and stepwise hierarchical regression analyses were used to explore the course of symptomatology. As expected, BPD patients displayed a predominance of unresolved attachment in the AAP compared with HC, by showing a lack of ability to integrate attachment related trauma. Whereas both resolved and unresolved attachment groups revealed significant improvement in symptom severity during treatment, dimensional AAP scores showed differences. Patients with higher scores in “synchrony” demonstrated more indicators of mutual care in their narratives to dyadic pictures and displayed a significantly stronger decrease of interpersonal problems than patients with lower synchrony scores. Assessing attachment representations prior to DBT might provide a helpful insight into individual attachment related resources or lack of these capacities. Responsiveness and synchrony in dyadic interactions with significant others are crucial for healthy interpersonal relations. A stronger therapeutic focus on the patient's capacity to show synchrony in dyadic attachment situations might improve the patient's interpersonal problems towards sensitive and mutual interaction.
Non‐insulin‐dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) in Korea
Authors: Min Hun-Ki 
Published: January 2019

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Korea has increased tremendously during the past several decades. In addition to the explosive increase of diabetes mellitus, the clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Korea seems to be quite different from those of Western countries. Most patients with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are non‐obese and many of them lose weight significantly during the course of developing diabetes. The pathogenic mechanism(s) underlying this phenotype is still unclear. A subgroup of patients known as slow onset IDDM exists, but this could not explain the majority of non‐obese NIDDM in Korea. In order to examine whether insulin resistance/hyperinsulinaemia is important in the development of NIDDM we conducted the following studies. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentration were measured in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus. The peak plasma insulin level was much lower than that of Pima Indians or Caucasians. We also found that the insulin sensitivity index measured by euglycemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp in the first degree relatives of Korean NIDDM patients was not lower than that in a control group. This data suggests that insulin resistance, or hyperinsulinaemia, does not play a major role in the development of NIDDM in Korea.Taken together with the rarity of obese NIDDM in Korea, it maybe suggested that the insulin secretory capacity of Korean people being smaller than Western people they cannot compensate for the insulin resistance imposed by recent chances in life style.
Local Knowledge and Single IRBs for Multisite Studies: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Klitzman Robert , Pivovarova Ekaterina , Murray Alexandra , Appelbaum Paul S. , Stiles Deborah F. , Lidz Charles W. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTNew federal policies require single IRB review for multisite studies, but many questions remain about how these IRBs will use local knowledge. The findings from our study, the first to examine how single IRBs perceive needs for local knowledge, reveal several challenges. Study respondents identified four potentially relevant types of local knowledge: about culture and linguistics, about geography and socioeconomics, about the researchers, and about the institutions. Such knowledge can potentially be obtained through local sites, but single IRBs may be unaware of potentially relevant local information, and lack of informal relationships may impede single IRBs’ reviews and interactions with researchers. While a recent, commonly used, standardized single‐IRB form asks three basic questions about local information, our findings suggest potential needs for additional information and, thus, have important implications for practice, policy, and research.
Framing pictures: A conceptual framework to identify and correct for biases in detection probability of camera traps enabling multi‐species comparison
Authors: Hofmeester Tim R. , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. , Odden John , Andrén Henrik , Kindberg Jonas , Linnell John D. C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObtaining reliable species observations is of great importance in animal ecology and wildlife conservation. An increasing number of studies use camera traps (CTs) to study wildlife communities, and an increasing effort is made to make better use and reuse of the large amounts of data that are produced. It is in these circumstances that it becomes paramount to correct for the species‐ and study‐specific variation in imperfect detection within CTs. We reviewed the literature and used our own experience to compile a list of factors that affect CT detection of animals. We did this within a conceptual framework of six distinct scales separating out the influences of (a) animal characteristics, (b) CT specifications, (c) CT set‐up protocols, and (d) environmental variables. We identified 40 factors that can potentially influence the detection of animals by CTs at these six scales. Many of these factors were related to only a few overarching parameters. Most of the animal characteristics scale with body mass and diet type, and most environmental characteristics differ with season or latitude such that remote sensing products like NDVI could be used as a proxy index to capture this variation. Factors that influence detection at the microsite and camera scales are probably the most important in determining CT detection of animals. The type of study and specific research question will determine which factors should be corrected. Corrections can be done by directly adjusting the CT metric of interest or by using covariates in a statistical framework. Our conceptual framework can be used to design better CT studies and help when analyzing CT data. Furthermore, it provides an overview of which factors should be reported in CT studies to make them repeatable, comparable, and their data reusable. This should greatly improve the possibilities for global scale analyses of (reused) CT data.