bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Regional Climate, Surficial Geology, and Topography: Characterizing Shallow Groundwater Systems in Subhumid, Low‐Relief Landscapes
Authors: Hokanson K. J. , Mendoza C. A. , Devito K. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Boreal Plains region of Canada is characterized by low relief, heterogeneous glacial landforms, and a subhumid climate, which result in complex and spatially variable groundwater‐surface water interactions. We test the influence of, and interactions between, short‐term climate variations, glacial deposit types, and topography on water table position and groundwater flow in a region with a subhumid long‐term climate. To do so, we evaluated water table positions, vertical hydraulic gradients, geochemistry, and stable water isotope signatures over a 19‐year period (including wet and dry climate states) along a 70‐km transect. The transect spans topographic positions on three hydrological response areas that comprise the major glacial depositional types typical of the Boreal Plains. High spatiotemporal variability of water table fluctuations and responses to climate signals illustrate the strong spatially variable controls that surficial geology, climate, and topography exert over scales of groundwater flow within and between glacial landforms across the Boreal Plains. Water tables were determined to be recharge controlled in the hummocky moraine and coarse outwash and topography controlled in the clay plain. Chemoscapes and isoscapes help delineate areas with characteristic water storage and transmission properties, which in turn control scales of groundwater flow and hydrologic responses to climate. Understanding the natural spatial and temporal variability of, and controls on, water table position, groundwater movement, and water quality under varying physical and climatic scenarios is important, as water security, ecosystem sustainability, and environmental quality become the focus of land management and reclamation efforts.
Author Correction: Mapping mesoscopic phase evolution during E-beam induced transformations via deep learning of atomically resolved images
Authors: Vasudevan Rama K. , Laanait Nouamane , Ferragut Erik M. , Wang Kai , Geohegan David B. , Xiao Kai , Ziatdinov Maxim , Jesse Stephen , Dyck Ondrej , Kalinin Sergei V. 
Published: December 2018

In the original version of this Article the term ‘rhombohedral’ was used incorrectly in place of ‘oblique’, and the term ‘rhombohedral’ was used in Supplementary Figure 5 to describe the simulated lattice but we had instead simulated a rectangular centered lattice. All mentions of ‘rhombohedral’ have been corrected to ‘oblique’ in the manuscript, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4–6, and Supplementary Information. Similarly, ‘centered rectangle’ has been corrected to ‘rectangular centered lattice’ throughout the manuscript to avoid any confusion in terminology. Supplementary Figure 5 was not accurately computed in the original published version, and has now been recomputed to meet the actual definition of an oblique Bravais lattice.There was also a typographical error in the original version of the Article, where Fig. 3c was referred to instead of Fig. 3d on page 4 of the manuscript.The above changes have been made to the HTML and PDF versions of the Article.These errors were alerted to the authors by Prof. M. Nespolo (Université de Lorraine) and Prof. P. Moeck (Portland State University), to whom we are grateful.
Physiological and proteomic analysis on long-term drought resistance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Shan Zhongying , Luo Xinglu , Wei Maogui , Huang Tangwei , Khan Aziz , Zhu Yanmei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDrought stress is one of the potent abiotic stress limiting cassava (Manihot esculenta) yield globally, but studies addressing both physiological and proteomic responses that how cassava crops can adjust their growth and metabolism under drought conditions are lacking. Combining leaf physiological and proteomic characteristics strongly allied with drought tolerance should results in enhanced drought tolerance in cassava crop. Therefore, the aims of this study were to explore the plant physiological and proteomic mechanisms involved in drought adaptation in cassava. Xinxuan 048 (XX048) was exposed to well-watered control (CK, relative soil water content (RSWC) as 80 ± 5%), mild drought stress (LD, RSWC as 65 ± 5%), moderate drought stress (MD, RSWC as 50 ± 5%) and severe drought stress (SD, RSWC as 35 ± 5%) from 30 days after planting. Under drought stress conditions, cassava plant showed a substantial decline in plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf water content, the ratio of free water content to bound water content of leaf (FW/BW), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) compared with well watered plants. However, compared with control, leaf water content, SPAD value, cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar, protein proline content SOD and CAT activity were at peak under drought stress. The proteomic analysis revealed that among 3 339 identified proteins, drought stress increased and decreased abundance of 262 and 296 proteins, respectively, compared with control condition. These proteins were involved in carbohydrate energy metabolism, protein homeostasis, transcription, cell structure, cell membrane transport, signal transduction, stress and defense responses. These data not only provides a comprehensive dataset on overall proteomic changes in cassava leaves under drought stress, but also highlights the mechanisms by which euphorbiaceae plants can adapt to drought conditions.
Streptococcus mitis Expressing Pneumococcal Serotype 1 Capsule
Authors: Lessa Fernanda C. , Milucky Jennifer , Rouphael Nadine G. , Bennett Nancy M. , Talbot H. Keipp , Harrison Lee H. , Farley Monica M. , Walston Jeremy , Pimenta Fabiana , Gertz Robert E. , Rajam Gowrisankar , Carvalho Maria da Gloria , Beall Bernard , Whitney Cynthia G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae’spolysaccharide capsule is an important virulence factor; vaccine-induced immunity to specific capsular polysaccharide effectively prevents disease. Serotype 1S.pneumoniaeis rarely found in healthy persons, but is highly invasive and a common cause of meningitis outbreaks and invasive disease outside of the United States. Here we show that genes for polysaccharide capsule similar to those expressed by pneumococci were commonly detected by polymerase chain reaction among upper respiratory tract samples from older US adults not carrying pneumococci. Serotype 1-specific genes were predominantly detected. In five oropharyngeal samples tested, serotype 1 gene belonging toS.mitisexpressed capsules immunologically indistinct from pneumococcal capsules. Whole genome sequencing revealed three distinctS.mitisclones, each representing acps1operon highly similar to the pneumococcalcps1reference operon. These findings raise important questions about the contribution of commensal streptococci to natural immunity against pneumococci, a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
Data mining for health: staking out the ethical territory of digital phenotyping
Authors: Martinez-Martin Nicole , Insel Thomas R. , Dagum Paul , Greely Henry T. , Cho Mildred K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDigital phenotyping uses smartphone and wearable signals to measure cognition, mood, and behavior. This promising new approach has been developed as an objective, passive assessment tool for the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness. Digital phenotyping is currently used with informed consent in research studies but is expected to expand to broader uses in healthcare and direct-to-consumer applications. Digital phenotyping could involve the collection of massive amounts of individual data and potential creation of new categories of health and risk assessment data. Because existing ethical and regulatory frameworks for the provision of mental healthcare do not clearly apply to digital phenotyping, it is critical to consider its possible ethical, legal, and social implications. This paper addresses four major areas where guidelines and best practices will be helpful: transparency, informed consent, privacy, and accountability. It will be important to consider these issues early in the development of this new approach so that its promise is not limited by harmful effects or unintended consequences.
ELITE-Studie – Ernährung, Lebensstil und individuelle Information zur Verhinderung von Schlaganfall, Demenz und Herzinfarkt – Studiendesign und kardiovaskuläre Aufnahmedate
Authors: Lüders Stephan , Schrader Bastian , Bäsecke Jörg , Haller Hermann , Elsässer Albrecht , Koziolek Michael , Schrader Joachim 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Zur Prävention kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktoren (RF) existieren zahlreiche Empfehlungen von Fachgesellschaften, die sich auf die persönliche Lebensweise von Menschen beziehen (z. B. Ernährung/Diät, körperliche Aktivität, Stressabbau etc.). Die Umsetzung dieser Empfehlungen ist bislang mangelhaft. In der ELITE-Studie sollen in der Region Oldenburger Münsterland prospektiv Daten zu RF, Ernährungsverhalten, körperlicher Aktivität und Lebensqualität erhoben und durch individuelle Information verbessert werden. Gründe für fehlende Umsetzung von Präventionsmaßnahmen sollen erkannt werden.
Methoden Die Studie wird als interventionelle Kohorten-Untersuchung durchgeführt (DRKS-Nr.: 00 006 813; Ethikvotum Universität Göttingen). Bis zu 5000 Personen (mit oder ohne Vorerkrankungen) sollten eingeschlossen werden. Alle Teilnehmer erhalten einen computergenerierten Report ihres persönlichen Risikoprofils mit hieraus resultierenden ausführlichen Empfehlungen, die sich an den aktuellen Leitlinien orientieren. Ergänzend wird empfohlen, den Hausarzt aufzusuchen, um die Befunde zu besprechen und ggf. diagnostische oder therapeutische Maßnahmen einzuleiten. Im Jahresabstand erfolgen über bis zu 5 Jahre Follow-Up-Untersuchungen.
Ergebnisse Bis zum 31.12.2017 wurden 4602 Teilnehmer (mittleres Alter 51,5 (± 15,7) Jahre; 53,7 % weiblich) aufgenommen. Übergewichtig sind 39 % der Teilnehmer, adipös 20,4 %. Häufigster anamnestischer RF ist Bluthochdruck (31,4 %), mittlerer Blutdruck 138,4 ± 16,6/83,0 ± 9,9 mmHg. 2165 (47,0 %) Teilnehmer weisen hypertone Blutdruckwerte auf. Zweithäufigster anamnestischer RF sind Fettstoffwechselstörungen (16,6 %).
Schlussfolgerung Die Häufigkeit von Teilnehmern mit mindestens einem anamnestisch angegebenen kardiovaskulären RF ist sehr hoch (49,5 %; 16,6 % mehrere RF). Die Häufigkeit von RF entspricht anderen epidemiologischen Daten in Deutschland, sodass das ELITE-Kollektiv einen guten Vergleich mit anderen Erhebungen zulässt.
Mediatized Taiwan Mandarin
Authors: Peng Chun-Yi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study examines the changing perceptions of Taiwan Mandarin (TM) among Chinese mainlanders and how televised media contribute to the formation of language ideology. This study shows that televised media play a role in reinforcing the socio-semiotic link between ideologies and linguistic practice. TM is traditionally associated with chic, urban television celebrities and young cosmopolitan types. However, the results of an online survey measuring language attitudes towards televised TM among young mainlanders indicate that the social prestige of TM may be waning for this demographic. TM is now perceived by many millennials on the mainland as gentle, pretentious and emasculated. The changing attitude among millennials on the Chinese mainland towards TM can be ascribed in part to (1) social and economic changes on the mainland and (2) the way TM is stylized in televised media.
The emergence of a discourse construction in the internet
Authors: Peng Xinjia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis analysis aims at establishing thediscourse constructionas a theoretical construct within the framework of Construction Grammar. Linguistic constructions theoretically exist at different levels of analysis, but linguistic analyses at the level of discourse are few and far apart. This analysis showcases a study of a discourse construction that contains the internet neologismyě-shì-zuì-le. This discourse construction emerges from the Chinese cyberspace and develops complex meaning and function. I illustrate how the construct of discourse construction allows for an in-depth explanation its use and development. Also, the analysis of this construction demonstrates the necessity to redefine and broaden the consideration of ‘context’ when the idea of a discourse construction is introduced.
Pathogen–Host Analysis Tool (PHAT): an integrative platform to analyze next-generation sequencing data
Authors: Gibb Christopher M , Jackson Robert , Mohammed Sabah , Fiaidhi Jinan , Zehbe Ingeborg 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Summary
The Pathogen–Host Analysis Tool (PHAT) is an application for processing and analyzing next-generation sequencing (NGS) data as it relates to relationships between pathogens and their hosts. Unlike custom scripts and tedious pipeline programming, PHAT provides an integrative platform encompassing raw and aligned sequence and reference file input, quality control (QC) reporting, alignment and variant calling, linear and circular alignment viewing, and graphical and tabular output. This novel tool aims to be user-friendly for life scientists studying diverse pathogen–host relationships.

Availability and implementation
The project is available on GitHub (https://github.com/chgibb/PHAT) and includes convenient installers, as well as portable and source versions, for both Windows and Linux (Debian and RedHat). Up-to-date documentation for PHAT, including user guides and development notes, can be found at https://chgibb.github.io/PHATDocs/. We encourage users and developers to provide feedback (error reporting, suggestions and comments).
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Fluoroquinolones and Pyrazinamide Susceptibility Correlate to Clinical Improvement in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients: A Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study Over 2 Decades
Authors: Forsman Lina Davies , Jonsson Jerker , Wagrell Charlotta , Werngren Jim , Mansjö Mikael , Wijkander Maria , Groenheit Ramona , Hammar Ulf , Giske Christian G , Schön Thomas , Bruchfeld Judith 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing, unlike routine drug susceptibility testing (DST) at a single critical concentration, quantifies drug resistance. The association of MICs and treatment outcome in multidrug-resistant (MDR)–tuberculosis patients is unclear. Therefore, we correlated MICs of first- and second-line tuberculosis drugs with time to sputum culture conversion (tSCC) and treatment outcome in MDR-tuberculosis patients.

Methods
Clinical and demographic data of MDR-tuberculosis patients in Sweden, including DST results, were retrieved from medical records from 1992 to 2014. MIC determinations were performed retrospectively for the stored individual Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) isolates using broth microdilution in Middlebrook 7H9. We fitted Cox proportional hazard models correlating MICs, DST results, and clinical variables to tSCC and treatment outcome.

Results
Successful treatment outcome was observed in 83.5% (132/158) of MDR-tuberculosis patients. Increasing MICs of fluoroquinolones, diabetes, and age >40 years were significantly associated with unsuccessful treatment outcome. Patients treated with pyrazinamide (PZA) had a significantly shorter tSCC compared to patients who were not (median difference, 27 days).

Conclusions
Increasing MICs of fluoroquinolones were correlated with unsuccessful treatment outcome in MDR-tuberculosis patients. Further studies, including MIC testing and clinical outcome data to define clinical Mtb breakpoints, are warranted. PZA treatment was associated with shorter tSCC, highlighting the importance of PZA DST.
The Pleasure of Assessing and Expressing Our Likes and Dislikes
Authors: He Daniel , Melumad Shiri , Pham Michel Tuan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough consumer behavior theory has traditionally regarded evaluations as instrumental to consumer choice, in reality consumers often assess and express what they like and dislike even when there is no decision at stake. Why are consumers so eager to express their evaluations when there is no ostensible purpose for doing so? In this research, we advance the thesis that this is because consumers derive an inherent pleasure from assessing and expressing their likes and dislikes. In support of this thesis, the results of seven studies show that compared to a variety of simple and commonplace control judgments, assessing and expressing one’s likes and dislikes results in greater task enjoyment. This occurs because externalizing one’s evaluations enables a form of self-expression that appears to be deep and global. These findings have important implications for marketers and policy makers.
Reading Fast, Reading Slow: The Effect of Interviewers’ Speed in Reading Introductory Texts on Response Behavior
Authors: Bergmann Michael , Bristle Johanna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGuidelines for interviewers frequently include instructions to read question texts exactly as they are worded. Deviations from these guidelines on standardized interviewing might affect the comparability of survey answers and impair the quality of data. This paper contributes to the literature on interviewer behavior by analyzing how interviewers change their reading behavior during fieldwork and whether this behavioral change influences the response behavior of survey respondents. We use item-level paradata from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to measure interviewers’ reading times and focus our analyses on introductory questions that do not require an immediate response by the respondent. In contrast to prior research, this focus enables us to disentangle the reading times of interviewers from the response times of respondents. Based on fixed effects regression, our results show systematic changes in interviewers’ reading times of introductory items: First, reading times significantly decrease over the survey’s field period, even after controlling for relevant respondent characteristics and specific aspects of the interview situation. Second, a cross-national comparison, including fourteen European countries plus Israel, reveals that the decrease is uniform in almost all countries, suggesting its generalizability across different cultural contexts. Third, the decrease in reading times influences response behavior to varying degrees. Response behavior is affected if introductions contain relevant information for understanding or fulfilling the required task and especially if the response refers to within-survey requests. On the basis of these findings, we discuss the possible consequences for questionnaire design, interviewer training, and fieldwork monitoring.
Sensory Loss Enhances Multisensory Integration Performance
Authors: Peter Moa G. , Porada Danja K. , Regenbogen Christina , Olsson Mats J. , Lundström Johan N. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAuditory and visual sensory loss has repeatedly been shown to alter abilities in remaining sensory modalities. It is, however, unclear whether sensory loss also impacts multisensory integration; an ability that is fundamental for the perception of the world around us. We determined effects of olfactory sensory deprivation on multisensory perception by assessing temporal as well as semantic aspects of audio-visual integration in 37 individuals with anosmia (complete olfactory sensory loss) and 37 healthy, matched controls. Participants performed a simultaneity judgement task to determine the temporal binding window, and a multisensory object identification task with individually degraded, dynamic visual, auditory, and audio-visual stimuli. Individuals with anosmia demonstrated an increased ability to detect multisensory temporal asynchronies, represented by a narrowing of the audio-visual temporal binding window. Furthermore, individuals with congenital, but not acquired, anosmia demonstrated indications of greater benefits from bimodal, as compared to unimodal, stimulus presentation when faced with degraded, semantic information. This suggests that the absence of the olfactory sense alters multisensory integration of remaining senses by sharpening the perception of cross-modal temporal violations, independent of sensory loss etiology. In addition, congenital sensory loss may further lead to increased gain from multisensory, compared to unisensory, information. Taken together, multisensory compensatory mechanisms at different levels of perceptual complexity are present in individuals with anosmia.
“Multimorbidity states with high sepsis-related deaths: a data-driven analysis in critical care”
Authors: Zador Zsolt , Landry Alexander , Cusimano Michael D. , Geifman Nophar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSepsis remains a complex medical problem and a major challenge in healthcare. Diagnostics and outcome predictions are focused on physiological parameters with less consideration given to patients’ medical background. Given the aging population, not only are diseases becoming increasingly prevalent but occur more frequently in combinations (“multimorbidity”). Thus, it is imperative we incorporate morbidity state in our healthcare models.We investigate effects of multimorbidity on the occurrence of sepsis and associated mortality in critical care (CC) through analysis of 36390 patients from the open source Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) dataset. Morbidities were defined based on Elixhauser categories, a well-established scheme distinguishing 30 classes of chronic diseases. Using latent class analysis (LCA) we identified six clinically distinct subgroups based on demographics, admission type and morbidity compositions. Subgroup of middle-aged patients with health consequences of drug and alcohol addiction had the highest mortality rate, over 2-fold greater compared to other groups with older patients and complex multimorbid patterns. The findings promote incorporation of multimorbidity in healthcare models and the shift away from current single-disease paradigm in clinical practice, training and trial design.
Decreased integration of EEG source-space networks in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Rizkallah Jennifer , Annen Jitka , Modolo Julien , Gosseries Olivia , Benquet Pascal , Mortaheb Sepehr , Amoud Hassan , Cassol Helena , Mheich Ahmad , Thibaut Aurore , Chatelle Camille , Hassan Mahmoud , Panda Rajanikant , Wendling Fabrice , Laureys Steven 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIncreasing evidence links disorders of consciousness (DOC) with disruptions in functional connectivity between distant brain areas. However, to which extent the balance of brain network segregation and integration is modified in DOC patients remains unclear. Using high-density electroencephalography (EEG), the objective of our study was to characterize the local and global topological changes of DOC patients’ functional brain networks.Resting state high-density-EEG data were collected and analyzed from 82 participants: 61 DOC patients recovering from coma with various levels of consciousness (EMCS (n=6), MCS+ (n=29), MCS- (n=17) and UWS (n=9)), and 21 healthy subjects (i.e., controls). Functional brain networks in five different EEG frequency bands and the broadband signal were estimated using an EEG connectivity approach at the source level. Graph theory-based analyses were used to evaluate group differences between healthy volunteers and patient groups.Results showed that networks in DOC patients are characterized by impaired global information processing (network integration) and increased local information processing (network segregation) as compared to controls. The large-scale functional brain networks had integration decreasing with lower level of consciousness.