bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaping the Benefits and Avoiding the Risks: Unrealistic Optimism in the Health Domain
Authors: Hanoch Yaniv , Rolison Jonathan , Freund Alexandra M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPeople's perceptions of benefits and risks play a key role in their acceptance or rejection of medical interventions, yet these perceptions may be poorly calibrated. This online study with N = 373 adults aged 19–76 years focused on unrealistic optimism in the health domain. Participants indicated how likely they were to experience benefits and risks associated with medical conditions and completed objective and subjective numeracy scales. Participants exhibited optimistic views about the likelihood of experiencing the benefits and the side effects of treatment options described in the scenarios. Objective and subjective numeracy were not associated with more accurate ratings. Moreover, participants’ underestimation of the risks was significantly greater than their overestimation of the benefits. From an applied perspective, these results suggest that clinicians may need to ensure that patients do not underestimate risks of medical interventions, and that they convey realistic expectations about the benefits that can be obtained with certain procedures.
Making Sense of Risk—A Sociological Perspective on the Management of Risk
Authors: Taarup‐Esbensen Jacob 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article describes how risk has been conceptualized in the business and organizational literature through four distinct transformations: from the techno‐scientific perspective to the cognitive, the social‐cultural, and, finally, to the constructionist perspective. Each domain conceptualizes risk in different ways, as organizations have found it difficult to understand and mitigate using the risk management tools available. Conceptualizing risk as sensemaking becomes relevant due to the complexity of information available to the risk manager, and, coupled with time constraints, this means that risk managers increasingly rely on making sense of possible threats rather than on the accuracy of the information received. This shift presents four contributions to the current literature. First, it suggests that the role of risk management is shifting from being technical in nature to being about risk sensemaking, where the manager engages with the social and physical environment with the aim of acquiring cues that could indicate how future events will unfold. Second, a sensemaking perspective implies a shift in the use of risk management systems from being “containers” of knowledge about past risk events to lending legitimacy to the plausibility of the success of future decisions. Third, the role of the risk manager in managing individual risks changes and becomes one of managing everything using the social networks and systems available as indicators of future risk events. Finally, the risk manager and the systems he or she relies upon are regarded as a source of risk in themselves as both act as gatekeepers for organizational risk decision making.
Modelling Preference Data with the Wallenius Distribution
Authors: Grazian Clara , Leisen Fabrizio , Liseo Brunero 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe Wallenius distribution is a generalization of the hypergeometric distribution where weights are assigned to balls of different colours. This naturally defines a model for ranking categories which can be used for classification. Since, in general, the resulting likelihood is not analytically available, we adopt an approximate Bayesian computational approach for estimating the importance of the categories. We illustrate the performance of the estimation procedure on simulated data sets. Finally, we use the new model for analysing two data sets concerning movie ratings and Italian academic statisticians’ journal preferences. The latter is a novel data set collected by the authors.
Peripheral T‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma manifesting as a primary lesion on the lip: A rare case report
Authors: dos Santos Heloísa Laís Rosário , Alves Carolina Guimarães Bonfim , Almendra Mattos Rafaela Maia , Curi Davi Silva Carvalho , Leite Ribeiro Patricia , Sarmento Viviane Almeida 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrimary manifestations of extraganglion non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) from T‐cells in the oral cavity are rare and often difficult to diagnose. Herein, we describe a case of T‐cell NHL with a primary lesion on the lip diagnosed with a 25‐year‐old woman. The patient reported the appearance of the initial lesion on the upper lip, which advanced to the hard palate and oral mucosa. Histological examination and immunohistochemistry were compatible with peripheral T‐cell NHL without further specifications. The proposed treatment consisted of six cycles of multiagent chemotherapy. The patient died from complications of the disease before the third cycle of chemotherapy. Understanding the clinical signs of lymphoma is important for the early diagnosis of this disease to avoid aggressive and potentially fatal behavior.
Oxidative stress in hemodialysis: Causative mechanisms, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic interventions
Authors: Liakopoulos Vassilios , Roumeliotis Stefanos , Zarogiannis Sotirios , Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Mertens Peter R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) is the result of prooxidant molecules overwhelming the antioxidant defense mechanisms. Hemodialysis (HD) constitutes a state of elevated inflammation and OS, due to loss of antioxidants during dialysis and activation of white blood cells triggering production of reactive oxygen species. Dialysis vintage, dialysis methods, and type and condition of vascular access, biocompatibility of dialyzer membrane and dialysate, iron administration, and anemia all can play a role in aggravating OS, which in turn has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Oral or intravenous administration of antioxidants may detoxify the oxidative molecules and at least in part repair OS‐mediated tissue damage. Lifestyle interventions and optimization of a highly biocompatible HD procedure might ameliorate OS development in dialysis.
Aeolianites reveal Pleistocene marine history of Bermuda
Authors: Rouse Jordan , James Noel P. , Kyser T. Kurtis 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBermuda is a reef atoll along the northern edge of Caribbean coral province. Although investigated by seismic and some shallow drilling, the Pleistocene marine depositional geohistory is poorly constrained. Islands along the southern rim are built by tropical calcareous aeolianites that range in age from Holocene to early Pleistocene (ca 880 kyr). These dunes are composed of particles that were derived from adjacent Pleistocene marine environments at the time of formation. Thus, the aeolianites should contain a record of marine deposition through the Early to Late Pleistocene. Carbonate grains from all aeolian deposits can, via Ward cluster analysis, be separated into two distinct groups: (i) a Halimeda‐rich group; and (ii) a crustose coralline‐rich group. Distribution of these two groups is interpreted to broadly reflect low‐energy (lagoonal) and high‐energy marginal reef (coralline algae and cup‐reef) environments, respectively. Unlike the beach sources, coral particles are perplexingly absent in the aeolianites. This conundrum is interpreted to partly reflect the domal nature of Bermudan corals, which are not incorporated into aeolian deposits due to their relatively large size. Aeolianites from Marine Isotope Stages 7, 9 and 11 record sediments produced in adjacent shallow marine settings that were similar to those present today. The spatially consistent sediment trends are not, however, present in aeolianites from Marine Isotope Stage 5E, where the aeolian bioclastic components are uniformly rich in Halimeda along both southern and northern shores. Such a distribution, where coralline‐rich sediments would be expected, suggests an extrinsic oceanographic control, interpreted herein to be elevated seawater temperature brought in by the Gulf Stream. This interpretation is consistent with palaeozoological studies of Bermuda, as well as North America, the Mediterranean, Japan and Western Australia.
Recombinant pyrin domain protein attenuates allergic inflammation by suppressing NF‐κB pathway in asthmatic mice
Authors: Piao Hongmei , Choi Yun Ho , Li Hongmei , Wang Chongyang , Xian Zhemin , Ogasawara Masahito , Jiang Jingzhi , Li Liangchang , Yamauchi Kohei , Yan Guanghai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPyrin domain (PYD), a subclass of protein motif known as the death fold, is frequently involved in inflammation and immune responses. PYD modulates nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling pathway upon various stimuli. Herein, a novel recombinant pyrin domain protein (RPYD) was generated. Its role and mechanism in inflammatory response in an ovalbumin (OVA) induced asthma model was investigated. After OVA challenge, there was inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung, as well as airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine. In addition, eosinophils increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, alone with the elevated levels of Th‐2 type cytokines [interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐13], eotaxin, and adhesion molecules. However, the transnasal administration of RPYD before the OVA challenge significantly inhibited these asthmatic reactions. Moreover, RPYD markedly suppressed NF‐κB translocation, reduced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and thus attenuated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and IL‐6 in the BEAS‐2B cells stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. These findings indicate that RPYD can protect asthma host from OVA‐induced airway inflammation and AHR via down‐regulation of NF‐κB and p38 MAPK activities. RPYD may be used as a potential medicine for the treatment of asthma in clinic.
Maternal immunization downregulates offspring TCD4 regulatory cells (Tregs) thymic maturation without implications for allergy inhibition
Authors: de Oliveira Marília Garcia , Lira Aline Aparecida de Lima , Sgnotto Fábio da Ressureição , Inoue Amanda Harumi Sabô , Beltrame Giovanna Rossi , da Silva Débora , Menghini Ricardo Palamar , Duarte Alberto José da Silva , Victor Jefferson Russo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe regulation of offspring allergy development mediated by maternal immunization was evidenced by several groups, and this mechanism seems to involve the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on offspring. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether the effect of maternal immunization on offspring Tregs occurs as a result of peripheral or central modulation. Briefly, C57BL/6 female mice were immunized with OVA in Alum or Alum alone and boosted with OVA in saline or saline only after 10 and 20 days. Non‐immunized offspring serum, thymus and spleen were evaluated at 3 or 20 days old, and some groups of pups were submitted to neonatal OVA‐immunization protocol for the subsequent evaluation of antibody production and allergic response. Our experimental protocol could be validated because maternal OVA‐immunization inhibited offspring allergic response as evidenced by the suppression of offspring IgE production and allergic lung inflammation. Interestingly, maternal immunization reduced the frequency of offspring thymic Tregs with an opposite effect on spleen Tregs. Furthermore, after neonatal immunization, the frequency of lung‐infiltrated Tregs was also augmented on offspring from immunized mothers. In conclusion, maternal OVA‐immunization can inhibit the thymic maturation of offspring Tregs without implications on peripheral Tregs induction and allergy inhibition.
Risk of hepatitis B reactivation in hepatitis B surface antigen seronegative and core antibody seropositive kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Querido Sara , Weigert André , Adragão Teresa , Rodrigues Luís , Jorge Cristina , Bruges Margarida , Machado Domingos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPrevious contact with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is common in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Literature has shown conflicting results on the risk of HBV reactivation in kidney transplant (KT) recipients with serologic evidence of past HBV infection.MethodsWe reviewed 631 consecutive KT recipients and selected 70 patients simultaneously HBsAg negative and anti‐HBc positive before KT, regardless of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs) status. Demographic characteristics, coinfection with other viruses, the presence of a previous KT, induction and maintenance immunosuppression, length of follow up, biopsy‐proven acute rejection episodes, incidence of impaired liver function, and causes of graft loss and mortality were collected. Hepatitis B virus reactivation was defined as detection of HBV DNA viral load >2000 IU/mL during follow up. Outcome data included HBV reactivation episodes, graft function, and patient survival.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 151 months; 91.4% of patients were positive to anti‐HBs prior to KT. No patient received HBV prophylaxis and 11 patients (15.7%) received rituximab as part of induction therapy. Anti‐HBs titers remained stable in all patients throughout the observation period but two patient showed evidence of HBV reactivation after KT.ConclusionHepatitis B virus reactivation in HBsAg‐negative and anti‐HBc‐positive after KT is rare but possible. We suggest evaluating HBV serologies, HBV DNA viral load, and liver enzymes before KT and routinely monitoring serologic HBV markers after KT. As only two patients experienced HBV reactivation, it is neither possible to define risk factors for HBV reactivation nor to evaluate the impact of different immunosuppressants or the benefit of prophylactic regimens. Further studies regarding HBV reactivation in solid organ transplant recipients are necessary.
A new approach to pharmaceutical pricing based on patients’ willingness to pay
Authors: Rahimi Farimah , Rasekh Hamid Reza , Abbasian Ezatollah , Peiravian Farzad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesPharmaceutical pricing is an important and contentious issue in middle‐ and low‐income countries. The present study evaluated a value‐based pricing system for estimating the price of interferon‐beta (IFN‐β).MethodsPrices were estimated through the Willingness to Pay (WTP) system using the Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) from the viewpoint of MS patients, levels of attributes and patients’ willingness to pay for these attributes.ResultsThe results indicate that the new approach to pricing medicines leads to more integrated prices than the current system. The current prices of four brands were higher than their pharmaceutical market price; the prices of other brands were consistent with it.ConclusionApplication of the proposed pricing system will help pharmaceutical companies make realistic price estimates of their products while accounting for patient preferences, which may enhance patients’ adherence to treatment.
PacBio full‐length cDNA sequencing integrated with RNA‐seq reads drastically improves the discovery of splicing transcripts in rice
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Sun Min , Wang Jianfeng , Lei Meng , Li Chenji , Zhao Duojun , Huang Jun , Li Wenjie , Li Shuangli , Li Jing , Yang Jin , Luo Yingfeng , Hu Songnian , Zhang Bing 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYIn eukaryotes, alternative splicing (AS) greatly expands the diversity of transcripts. However, it is challenging to accurately determine full‐length splicing isoforms. Recently, more studies have taken advantage of Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) long‐read sequencing to identify full‐length transcripts. Nevertheless, the high error rate of PacBio reads seriously offsets the advantages of long reads, especially for accurately identifying splicing junctions. To best capitalize on the features of long reads, we used Illumina RNA‐seq reads to improve PacBio circular consensus sequence (CCS) quality and to validate splicing patterns in the rice transcriptome. We evaluated the impact of CCS accuracy on the number and the validation rate of splicing isoforms, and integrated a comprehensive pipeline of splicing transcripts analysis by Iso‐Seq and RNA‐seq (STAIR) to identify the full‐length multi‐exon isoforms in rice seedling transcriptome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica). STAIR discovered 11 733 full‐length multi‐exon isoforms, 6599 more than the SMRT Portal RS_IsoSeq pipeline did. Of these splicing isoforms identified, 4453 (37.9%) were missed in assembled transcripts from RNA‐seq reads, and 5204 (44.4%), including 268 multi‐exon long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), were not reported in the MSU_osa1r7 annotation. Some randomly selected unreported splicing junctions were verified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In addition, we investigated alternative polyadenylation (APA) events in transcripts and identified 829 major polyadenylation [poly(A)] site clusters (PACs). The analysis of splicing isoforms and APA events will facilitate the annotation of the rice genome and studies on the expression and polyadenylation of AS genes in different developmental stages or growth conditions of rice.
Mini photopheresis for refractory chronic graft‐versus‐host disease in children and adolescents
Authors: Verdú‐Amorós Jaime , Woessmann Wilhelm , Maecker‐Kolhoff Britta , Schulz Ansgar , Strauss Gabriele , Bein Gregor , Hackstein Holger 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been established to treat graft‐versus‐host disease. Our mini ECP technique (mini‐ECP) allows for treatment of patients with GVHD and contraindications for classical ECP or low body weight. The safety and efficacy of applying ECP for the long‐term treatment of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) have not been described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective analysis of mini‐ECP treatments for children and adolescents with cGVHD was performed. Mini‐ECP with 100 to 200 mL of whole blood was used to treat 14 patients. The median age at the start of treatment was 7 years (range, 1‐17 years), and median body weight was 20 kg (range, 8‐53 kg). A total of 703 mini‐ECP treatments was performed. The median number of treatments per patient was 35 (range, 8‐129), and median treatment duration was 11 months (range, 1.4‐28.5 months).RESULTSMini‐ECP was well tolerated. Four adverse events occurred in three patients, and two of them were related to the ECP procedure. Complete or partial responses were observed in 10 patients. Steroids were discontinued in seven patients and tapered in three others. Responses were seen in the skin, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and eyes.CONCLUSIONMini‐ECP represents a less invasive ECP alternative for low‐body‐weight patients with cGVHD and contraindications for apheresis.
Comparison of administration of platelet concentrates suspended in M‐sol or BRS‐A for pediatric patients
Authors: Kojima Shunsuke , Yanagisawa Ryu , Tanaka Miyuki , Nakazawa Yozo , Shimodaira Shigetaka 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDTwo different platelet additive solutions (PASs), M‐sol and BRS‐A, used in succession, have been reported as novel PASs in Japan. However, there are not enough clinical data comparing platelet concentrates (PCs) suspended in these PASs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective cohort study of consecutive cases was performed between 2013 and 2018. For the first 30 months, children with primary hematologic and/or malignant diseases were transfused resuspended PCs in M‐sol (RPC‐M) as plasma‐replaced PCs. For the subsequent 30 months, children were transfused plasma‐replaced PCs in BRS‐A (RPC‐B) under the same conditions. Children transfused with conventional PCs (containing residual plasma) were defined as controls. We evaluated the frequency of adverse events, corrected count increment (CCI), and bleeding occurrence in the children.RESULTSOverall, 84 patients received 679 conventional PC transfusions. Allergic transfusion reactions (ATRs) occurred in 12 (14.3%) patients transfused with 12 (1.8%) bags. Fifty‐nine patients received a total of 1182 bags of RPC‐M, and one patient (1.7%) had five (0.4%) ATR episodes. During the last 30 months, 58 patients were transfused 1044 bags of RPC‐B, with ATRs occurring in four (6.9%) patients transfused with four (0.4%) bags. No other adverse events were observed with either RPC‐M or RPC‐B. CCIs (24 hr) were not significantly different for the three different PCs, and posttransfusion bleeding was not observed.CONCLUSIONSPlasma‐replaced PC using two different PAS in children appeared to prevent ATRs accompanied without other adverse events in children. Transfusion efficacy was not significant; therefore, either of the PASs could be used with equivalent results based on the clinical situation.
Cardiac xenografts show reduced survival in the absence of transgenic human thrombomodulin expression in donor pigs
Authors: Singh Avneesh K. , Chan Joshua L. , DiChiacchio Laura , Hardy Naomi L. , Corcoran Philip C. , Lewis Billeta G. T. , Thomas Marvin L. , Burke Allen P. , Ayares David , Horvath Keith A. , Mohiuddin Muhammad M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA combination of genetic manipulations of donor organs and target‐specific immunosuppression is instrumental in achieving long‐term cardiac xenograft survival. Recently, results from our preclinical pig‐to‐baboon heterotopic cardiac xenotransplantation model suggest that a three‐pronged approach is successful in extending xenograft survival: (a) α‐1,3‐galactosyl transferase (Gal) gene knockout in donor pigs (GTKO) to prevent Gal‐specific antibody‐mediated rejection; (b) transgenic expression of human complement regulatory proteins (hCRP; hCD46) and human thromboregulatory protein thrombomodulin (hTBM) to avoid complement activation and coagulation dysregulation; and (c) effective induction and maintenance of immunomodulation, particularly through co‐stimulation blockade of CD40‐CD40L pathways with anti‐CD40 (2C10R4) monoclonal antibody (mAb). Using this combination of manipulations, we reported significant improvement in cardiac xenograft survival. In this study, we are reporting the survival of cardiac xenotransplantation recipients (n = 3) receiving xenografts from pigs without the expression of hTBM (GTKO.CD46). We observed that all grafts underwent rejection at an early time point (median 70 days) despite utilization of our previously reported successful immunosuppression regimen and effective control of non‐Gal antibody response. These results support our hypothesis that transgenic expression of human thrombomodulin in donor pigs confers an independent protective effect for xenograft survival in the setting of a co‐stimulation blockade‐based immunomodulatory regimen.