bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abiotic genetic adaptation in the Fagaceae
Authors: Müller M. , Gailing O. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFagaceae can be found in tropical and temperate regions and contain species of major ecological and economic importance. In times of global climate change, tree populations need to adapt to rapidly changing environmental conditions. The predicted warmer and drier conditions will potentially result in locally maladapted populations. There is evidence that major genera of the Fagaceae are already negatively affected by climate change‐related factors such as drought and associated biotic stressors. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying adaptation is of great interest. In this review, we summarise current literature related to genetic adaptation to abiotic environmental conditions. We begin with an overview of genetic diversity in Fagaceae species and then summarise current knowledge related to drought stress tolerance, bud burst timing and frost tolerance in the Fagaceae. Finally, we discuss the role of hybridisation, epigenetics and phenotypic plasticity in adaptation.
Incidence and risk factors associated with cytomegalovirus infection after the treatment of acute rejection during the first year in kidney transplant recipients receiving preemptive therapy
Authors: Felipe Claudia , Ferreira Alexandra Nicolau , de Paula Mayara , Viana Laila , Cristelli Marina , Medina Pestana Jose , Tedesco‐Silva Helio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe complex interaction between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and acute rejection after kidney transplantation is well recognized.MethodsThis single center retrospective cohort analysis investigated the incidence and risk factors associated with CMV infection after treatment for acute rejection (tAR) in kidney transplant recipients receiving only CMV preemptive therapy. Of the 938 kidney transplants performed between 04/30/2014 and 04/30/2015 we identified 87 (9.3%) that were treated for acute rejection within the first year.ResultsMost patients (64%) received rATG induction therapy followed by tacrolimus in combination with azathioprine (67%) or mycophenolate (33%) and corticosteroids. The incidence of CMV infection/disease after tAR was 47%, of which 73% occurred within 30 days. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, eGFR at 1 month (OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97‐0.99; P = 0.007) and timing of tAR (OR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96‐0.99; P = 0.021) were independently associated with CMV infection/disease after tAR.ConclusionIn this cohort of kidney transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressive and preemptive CMV therapy, almost 50% developed CMV infection/disease after tARin the first year of transplantation. Early rejection and poor initial renal function were risk factors associated with CMV infection or disease.
Cancer cell niche factors secreted from cancer-associated fibroblast by loss of H3K27me3
Authors: Maeda Masahiro , Takeshima Hideyuki , Iida Naoko , Hattori Naoko , Yamashita Satoshi , Moro Hiroshi , Yasukawa Yoshimi , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Hashimoto Taiki , Sekine Shigeki , Ishii Genichiro , Ochiai Atsushi , Fukagawa Takeo , Katai Hitoshi , Sakai Yoshiharu , Ushijima Toshikazu 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a major component of cancer stroma, can confer aggressive properties to cancer cells by secreting multiple factors. Their phenotypes are stably maintained, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We aimed to show the critical role of epigenetic changes in CAFs in maintaining their tumour-promoting capacity and to show the validity of the epigenomic approach in identifying therapeutic targets from CAFs to starve cancer cells.DesignTwelve pairs of primary gastric CAFs and their corresponding non-CAFs (NCAFs) were established from surgical specimens. Genome-wide DNA methylation and H3K27me3 analyses were conducted by BeadArray 450K and ChIP-on-Chip, respectively. Functions of potential a therapeutic target were analysed by inhibiting it, and prognostic impact was assessed in a database.ResultsCAFs had diverse and distinct DNA methylation and H3K27me3 patterns compared with NCAFs. Loss of H3K27me3, but not DNA methylation, in CAFs was enriched for genes involved in stem cell niche, cell growth, tissue development and stromal–epithelial interactions, such asWNT5A,GREM1,NOGandIGF2. Among these, we revealed that WNT5A, which had been considered to be derived from cancer cells, was highly expressed in cancer stromal fibroblasts, and was associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition of secreted WNT5A from CAFs suppressed cancer cell growth and migration.ConclusionsH3K27me3 plays a crucial role in defining tumour-promoting capacities of CAFs, and multiple stem cell niche factors were secreted from CAFs due to loss of H3K27me3. The validity of the epigenetic approach to uncover therapeutic targets for cancer-starving therapy was demonstrated.
Towards resolving the metamorphic enigma of the Indian Plate in the NW Himalaya of Pakistan
Authors: Treloar Peter J. , Palin Richard M. , Searle Michael P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The Pakistan part of the Himalaya has major differences in tectonic evolution compared with the main Himalayan range to the east of the Nanga Parbat syntaxis. There is no equivalent of the Tethyan Himalaya sedimentary sequence south of the Indus–Tsangpo suture zone, no equivalent of the Main Central Thrust, and no Miocene metamorphism and leucogranite emplacement. The Kohistan Arc was thrust southward onto the leading edge of continental India. All rocks exposed to the south of the arc in the footwall of the Main Mantle Thrust preserve metamorphic histories. However, these do not all record Cenozoic metamorphism. Basement rocks record Paleo-Proterozoic metamorphism with no Cenozoic heating; Neo-Proterozoic through Cambrian sediments record Ordovician ages for peak kyanite and sillimanite grade metamorphism, although Ar–Ar data indicate a Cenozoic thermal imprint which did not reset the peak metamorphic assemblages. The only rocks that clearly record Cenozoic metamorphism are Upper Paleozoic through Mesozoic cover sediments. Thermobarometric data suggest burial of these rocks along a clockwise pressure–temperature path to pressure–temperature conditions of
c.
10–11 kbar and
c.
700°C. Resolving this enigma is challenging but implies downward heating into the Indian plate, coupled with later development of unconformity parallel shear zones that detach Upper Paleozoic–Cenozoic cover rocks from Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic basement rocks and also detach those rocks from the Paleoproterozoic basement.
REPRESENTAÇÃO DO FEMININO NO CONTO “SWEAT” DE ZORA NEALE HURSTON
Authors: Mangueira José Vilian , Gonçalves Leite Francisco Edson 
Published: May 2019

O presente trabalho pretende problematizar a construção das personagens femininas na obra “O pardal é um pássaro azul”, de Heloneida Studart, escrito e publicado no período referente ao Regime Militar no Brasil, estabelecido em 1 de abril de 1964, cuja vigência se deu até o ano de 1985. Para tanto, dialoga-se com a teoria feminista, uma vez que juntamente ao protesto contra a ditadura, assume-se uma postura de contestaçãoà situação de opressão feminina e à desigualdade de gênero, explicitada especialmentena construção das personagens e na manipulação do foco narrativo.
Shame, Moral Motivation, and Climate Change
Authors: Powell Russell C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn emotion like shame is endowed with special motivational force. Drawing on Ralph Waldo Emerson’s concept of shame, I develop an account of moral motivation that lends new perspective to the contemporary climate crisis. Whereas religious ethicists often engage the problem of climate change by re-imagining the metaphors, symbols, and values of problematic cosmologies, I focus on some specific moral tactics generated by religious communities who use their traditions to confront climate destruction. In particular, Bartimaeus Cooperative Ministries, a Christian non-profit organization that seeks to infuse a renewed commitment in church parishes to bioregions and watersheds, effectively employs shame in the context of its Christian practice and leadership. My analysis of Bartimaeus Cooperative Ministries demonstrates both the efficacy of shame to motivate environmentally responsible behavior as well as the advantage to religious ethics of considering contextual practices over abstract cosmologies.
A new species of Elamenopsis from Papua, Indonesia (Decapoda, Brachyura, Hymenosomatidae)
Authors: Rahayu Dwi L. , Ng Peter K. L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Elamenopsis gracilipes n. sp. is described from Papua, Indonesia, and is easily distinguished from congeners by its relatively longer and more slender ambulatory legs, with the merus of the third ambulatory leg almost seven times as long as broad. The new species superficially most closely resembles E. lineata A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, in having male pleonal somites 4 and 5 fused and the male first gonopod straight with the distal portion slightly curved. The two species differ in the shapes of their rostrums, as well as in the proportions of the carapace and fourth ambulatory meri. A revised key to all the species in the genus is provided.
A new species of isopod of the genus Curassanthura (Cymothoida, Anthuroidea, Leptanthuridae) from anchialine caves of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Alvarez Fernando , Benitez Sergio , Iliffe Thomas M. , Villalobos Jose Luis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A new stygobitic isopod from the anchialine systems of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, is described, bringing the total number of anchialine isopods to seven. Curassanthura yucatanensis sp. nov. of the family Leptanthuridae is the first species of the genus to be recorded from a continental site. It can be distinguished from the other known species in the genus by the shape of the head, wider than long, and the number of robust setae (30) on the palmar margin of the propodus of pereopod 1.
Molecular identification of Meloidogyne species isolated from potato in China and evaluation of the response of potato genotypes to these isolates
Authors: Mao Yanzhi , Hu Yanfeng , Li Chunjie , Zhang Hongji , Yu Decai , Liu Xicai , Yang Gengbin , Wang Congli 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most economically important groups of plant-parasitic nematodes on potato (Solanum tuberosum), but there has been little study regarding their occurrence on potato in China. In this study, the nematodes in two nematode-infected potato samples collected from Yunnan Province were identified as Meloidogyne spp. Amplicon sizes with species-specific PCR primers indicated that one sample was M. javanica and the other was M. incognita. Cultures established from these two isolates were used to screen 28 potato genotypes in China. All genotypes were susceptible to both M. javanica and M. incognita. However, the mean root galling index and number of egg masses were generally higher for M. javanica than M. incognita. Variable susceptibility was demonstrated among the tested potato genotypes. No available resistant potato cultivars plus a rapid spread of Meloidogyne spp. will result in a potential threat to potato production in China.
The Importance of Being Earnest (in Mediation): Rebel Group Structure, Leadership Turnover, and Success in Civil War Mediation
Authors: Keels Eric 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Within the study of mediation, a common argument is that mediators are often successful because they provide credible information to combatants thereby reducing asymmetries of information. Unfortunately, there are a number of reasons to assume that rebel groups are providing misinformation to mediators as well as to the government. Equally, mediators must also deal with an incumbent government that may not be negotiating in good faith. This study suggests that rebel group structure may assist with this problem. Rebel groups that operate parallel political wings often inadvertently signal their reservation points in an effort to mobilize support. Mediators also seek signals that the government is willing to credibly commit to a settlement. Leadership turnover may be one such signal, as new leaders are not beholden to old vested interests. To evaluate these propositions, a statistical test of mediation efforts in civil wars is conducted from 1989 to 2005.
Ethno-Regionalism, Politics and the Role of Religion in Zambia: Changing Ecumenical Landscapes in a Christian Nation, 2015-2018
Authors: Sakupapa Teddy Chalwe 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This contribution explores the interaction between religion and politics in a religiously plural and ethnically multidimensional Zambian context. Given the political salience of both religion and ethnicity in Zambian politics, this research locates an understudied aspect in the discourse on religion and politics in Zambia, namely the multiple relations between religion, ethnicity and politics. It specifically offers a historical-theological analysis of the implications that the political mobilisation of religion has for ecumenism in Zambia since Edgar Chagwa Lungu became the country’s president (2015-2018). Underlining the church-dividing potential of non-theological (doctrinal) factors, the article argues that the ‘political mobilisation of religion’ and the ‘pentecostalisation of Christianity’ in Zambia are reshaping the country’s ecumenical landscapes. Accordingly, this contribution posits the significance of ecumenical consciousness among churches and argues for a contextual ecumenical ecclesiology.
Victims, Apologies, and the Chinese in Australia
Authors: Edwards Louise 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article explores recent public debates in Australia about Chinese living overseas and the recent actions by members of the Chinese community in seeking official apologies for historic and current injustices. It explores the ways in which these calls to rectify both current and past injustices draw Chinese overseas into current PRC agendas by embedding their experiences into narratives of China’s humiliation and victimhood — key tenets of the China Dream to rejuvenate the nation in the twenty-first century. This article argues that by drawing Chinese Overseas into biologized notions of ethnicity and into an ethno-nationalist identity of victimhood, the PRC may cause harm to Chinese living in multicultural Australia.
Directions in Jewish-Shīʿī Studies
Authors: Krinis Ehud 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
So far Jewish-Shīʿī Studies have failed to receive clear and wide recognition from the community of scholars of both Jewish and Shīʿī Studies. In an effort to substantiate the case for clearer and wider scholarly recognition of Jewish-Shīʿī Studies, the present article provides a survey of the state of art of these studies, especially regarding the period of the 1st /7th-7th/13th centuries. While the survey testifies to the diversity and the manifold directions included in this field of studies, the article also addresses the question of what can be considered the unique features in Jewish-Shīʿī affinities.
What Is Wrong with Divinitia?
Authors: Stemplowska Zofia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Theorists of liberalism put forward diverse conditions for what makes a state just and legitimate. In what follows I examine Cécile Laborde’s suggestion that a just and legitimate liberal state may have an established religion. Such a state may take the form of what she calls Divinitia: a state with some symbolic recognition of religion, conservative laws in matters of bioethics including abortion, religious accommodation from general laws, and religious references in public debate. I argue that Laborde’s requirement that public justification of policies by public officials is conducted in terms of accessible reasons either rules out too many or too few policies. I then suggest that not only justice but also the legitimacy of states can be ensured only if concern for justice has a greater role to play in the selection of state policies than Laborde suggests. We have good reasons to doubt that Divinita would qualify as just and legitimate.
Justice in Exemptions
Authors: White Stuart 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
When (if ever) does justice require that individuals have exemptions from general laws on grounds relating to religion? In Liberalism’s Religion, Cécile Laborde argues that the focus ought not to be ‘religion’ but ‘integrity’, an interest shared by religious and non-religious people. Integrity-protecting commitments (IPC s) include commitments expressive of the individual’s sense of what they are obligated to do (‘obligation-IPC s’) and commitments that, while not a matter of obligation, are nevertheless crucial to the individual’s identity (‘identity-IPC s’). Laborde argues that justice permits and requires exemptions from general laws so as to secure these commitments and, thereby, the individual’s underlying interest in integrity. This paper considers whether there is a class of integrity-related commitments which Laborde's approach fails to accommodate - a class of commitments related to ideals of ‘self-transcendence’.
Dynamical Aquaplanet Experiments with Uniform Thermal Forcing: System Dynamics and Implications for Tropical Cyclone Genesis and Size
Authors: Chavas Daniel R. , Reed Kevin A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Existing hypotheses for the dynamical dependence of tropical cyclone genesis and size on latitude depend principally on the Coriolis parameter f. These hypotheses are tested via dynamical aquaplanet experiments with uniform thermal forcing in which planetary rotation rate and planetary radius are varied relative to Earth values; the control simulation is also compared to a present-day Earth simulation. Storm genesis rate collapses to a quasi-universal dependence on f that attains its maximum at the critical latitude, where the inverse-f scale and Rhines scale are equal. Minimum genesis distance from the equator is set by the equatorial Rhines (or deformation) scale and not by a minimum value of f. Outer storm size qualitatively follows the smaller of the two length scales, including a slow increase with latitude equatorward of 45° in the control simulation, similar to the Earth simulation. The latitude of peak size scales with the critical latitude for varying planetary radius but not rotation rate, possibly because of the dependence of genesis specifically on f. The latitudes of peak size and peak packing density scale closely together. Results suggest that temporal effects and interstorm interaction may be significant for size dynamics. More generally, the critical latitude separates two regimes: 1) a mixed wave–cyclone equatorial belt, where wave effects are strong and the Rhines scale likely limits storm size, and 2) a cyclone-filled polar cap, where wave effects are weak and cyclones persist. The large-planet limit predicts a world nearly covered with long-lived storms, equivalent to the f plane. Overall, spherical geometry is likely important for understanding tropical cyclone genesis and size on Earthlike planets.
Extratropical Transition of Hurricane Irene (2011) in a Changing Climate
Authors: Jung Chunyong , Lackmann Gary M. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Tropical cyclones (TCs) undergoing strong extratropical transition (ET) can produce adverse societal impacts in areas that rarely experience direct TC impacts. This, in conjunction with projected environmental changes in climatological ET regions, motivates the investigation of possible future changes in ET characteristics. We utilize a small ensemble of numerical model simulations to examine how warming affects the ET of Hurricane Irene. To assess the effects of climate change, we use the pseudo-global warming method in which thermodynamic changes, derived from an ensemble of 20 CMIP5 GCMs, are applied to analyzed initial and lateral boundary conditions of model simulations. We find increased storm intensity in the future simulations, both in reduced minimum sea level pressure and strengthened 10-m wind speed. Storm-centered composites indicate a strengthening of tropospheric potential vorticity near the center of Irene, consistent with enhanced latent heat release. The results also demonstrate that Irene’s precipitation in the warmed simulations increases at a rate that exceeds Clausius–Clapeyron scaling, owing to enhanced moisture flux convergence and an additional contribution from increased surface evaporation. The duration of the transition process increased in the warmed simulations due to a weakened midtropospheric trough and reduced vertical wind shear and meridional SST gradient with a slower northward translation. These results suggest that transitioning storms may exhibit an increased ability to extend TC-like conditions poleward, and motivates additional research.
The Australian drug harms ranking study
Authors: Bonomo Yvonne , Norman Amanda , Biondo Sam , Bruno Raimondo , Daglish Mark , Dawe Sharon , Egerton-Warburton Diana , Karro Jonathan , Kim Charles , Lenton Simon , Lubman Dan I , Pastor Adam , Rundle Jill , Ryan John , Gordon Paul , Sharry Patrick , Nutt David , Castle David 
Published: May 2019

Background/Aim: The aim of the current study was to review drug harms as they occur in Australia using the Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methodology adopted in earlier studies in other jurisdictions. Method: A facilitated workshop with 25 experts from across Australia, was held to score 22 drugs on 16 criteria: 9 related to harms that a drug produces in the individual and 7 to harms to others. Participants were guided by facilitators through the methodology and principles of MCDA. In open discussion, each drug was scored on each criterion. The criteria were then weighted using a process of swing weighting. Scoring was captured in MCDA software tool. Results: MCDA modelling showed the most harmful substances to users were fentanyls (part score 50), heroin (part score 45) and crystal methamphetamine (part score 42). The most harmful substances to others were alcohol (part score 41), crystal methamphetamine (part score 24) and cigarettes/tobacco (part score 14). Overall, alcohol was the most harmful drug when harm to users and harm to others was combined. A supplementary analysis took into consideration the prevalence of each substance in Australia. Alcohol was again ranked the most harmful substance overall, followed by cigarettes, crystal methamphetamine, cannabis, heroin and pharmaceutical opioids. Conclusions: The results of this study make an important contribution to the emerging international picture of drug harms. They highlight the persistent and pervasive harms caused by alcohol. Policy implications and recommendations are discussed. Policies to reduce harm from alcohol and methamphetamine should be a priority.