bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astaxanthin ameliorates cisplatin‐induced damage in normal human fibroblasts
Authors: Yamaguchi Momoho , Tomihara Kei , Heshiki Wataru , Sakurai Kotaro , Sekido Katsuhisa , Tachinami Hidetake , Moniruzzaman Rohan , Inoue Sayaka , Fujiwara Kumiko , Noguchi Makoto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveOral mucositis is a common adverse side effect of cancer chemotherapy. Its management is of vital importance during cancer treatment. Oxidative stress against normal cells, including epithelial and stromal cells, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis. Fibroblasts may play a major role in the repair of oral mucosal tissue after chemotherapy. Astaxanthin (AST), a natural xanthophyll carotenoid, has sparked interest because of its strong antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. This study illustrates the protective effects of astaxanthin on normal fibroblasts damaged by chemotherapy.MethodsHuman normal fibroblasts were exposed to cisplatin. The cells were then assessed for cell viability, apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species, migratory activity, and expression of platelet‐derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) in the absence or presence of astaxanthin.ResultsAstaxanthin protected fibroblasts from the side effects of cisplatin, such as reduction in cell viability, apoptotic cell death, generation of reactive oxygen species, reduction in migration activity, and reduced expression of PDGFRs.ConclusionsOur results indicate a broad range of protection from cisplatin damage in fibroblasts by astaxanthin, implying its possible use as a novel therapeutic agent against chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis.
Influences of buffer material and fabrication atmosphere on the electrical properties of CdTe solar cells
Authors: Awni Rasha A. , Li Deng‐Bing , Song Zhaoning , Bista Sandip S. , Razooqi Mohammed A. , Grice Corey R. , Chen Lei , Liyanage Geethika K. , Li Chongwen , Phillips Adam B. , Heben Michael J. , Ellingson Randy J. , Li Jian V. , Yan Yanfa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe electrical properties such as interface energy barriers, defect energy levels, and densities dictate the performance of thin film solar cells. Here, we show that these properties can be quantified in cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin‐film solar cells using admittance spectroscopy‐based techniques. Our results reveal that the electrical properties in CdTe thin‐film solar cells depend on both buffer material and the fabrication atmosphere. We find that only a negligible front contact barrier exists at the CdS/CdTe front junction regardless of the fabrication atmospheres, while an obvious front barriers are observed at the ZnMgO (ZMO)/CdTe junctions. Both CdS/CdTe and ZMO/CdTe solar cells exhibit back contact barrier. The energy level of defects is shallower in CdS/CdTe cells than in ZMO/CdTe cells. The fabrication atmosphere influences the electrical properties, i.e., an oxygen‐free atmosphere reduces the front and back barrier heights and lowers the energy level of defects. The results provide critical insights for understanding and optimizing the performance of CdTe thin‐film solar cells.
Efficient and modular CRISPR‐Cas9 vector system for Physcomitrella patens
Authors: Mallett Darren R. , Chang Mingqin , Cheng Xiaohang , Bezanilla Magdalena 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas9 has been shown to be a valuable tool in recent years, allowing researchers to precisely edit the genome using an RNA‐guided nuclease to initiate double‐strand breaks. Until recently, classical RAD51‐mediated homologous recombination has been a powerful tool for gene targeting in the moss Physcomitrella patens. However, CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated genome editing in P. patens was shown to be more efficient than traditional homologous recombination (Plant Biotechnology Journal, 15, 2017, 122). CRISPR‐Cas9 provides the opportunity to efficiently edit the genome at multiple loci as well as integrate sequences at precise locations in the genome using a simple transient transformation. To fully take advantage of CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing in P. patens, here we describe the generation and use of a flexible and modular CRISPR‐Cas9 vector system. Without the need for gene synthesis, this vector system enables editing of up to 12 loci simultaneously. Using this system, we generated multiple lines that had null alleles at four distant loci. We also found that targeting multiple sites within a single locus can produce larger deletions, but the success of this depends on individual protospacers. To take advantage of homology‐directed repair, we developed modular vectors to rapidly generate DNA donor plasmids to efficiently introduce DNA sequences encoding for fluorescent proteins at the 5′ and 3′ ends of gene coding regions. With regard to homology‐directed repair experiments, we found that if the protospacer sequence remains on the DNA donor plasmid, then Cas9 cleaves the plasmid target as well as the genomic target. This can reduce the efficiency of introducing sequences into the genome. Furthermore, to ensure the generation of a null allele near the Cas9 cleavage site, we generated a homology plasmid harboring a “stop codon cassette” with downstream near‐effortless genotyping.
Efficient global monitoring statistics for high‐dimensional data
Authors: Li Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlobal monitoring statistics play an important role in developing efficient monitoring schemes for high‐dimensional data. A number of global monitoring statistics have been proposed in the literature. However, most of them only work for certain types of abnormal scenarios under specific model assumptions. How to develop global monitoring statistics that are powerful for any abnormal scenarios under flexible model assumptions is a long‐standing problem in the statistical process monitoring field. To provide a potential solution to this problem, we propose a novel class of global monitoring statistics. Our proposed global monitoring statistics are easy to calculate and can work under flexible model assumptions since they can be built on any local monitoring statistic that is suitable for monitoring a single data stream. Our simulation studies show that the proposed global monitoring statistics perform well across a broad range of settings and compare favorably with existing methods.
Inspection of an underwater structure using point‐cloud SLAM with an AUV and a laser scanner
Authors: Palomer Albert , Ridao Pere , Ribas David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper presents experimental results using a newly developed 3D underwater laser scanner mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for real‐time simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The algorithm consists of registering point clouds using a dual step procedure. First, a feature‐based coarse alignment is performed, which is then refined using iterative closest point. The robot position is estimated using an extended Kalman filter (EKF) that fuses the data coming from navigation sensors of the AUV. Moreover, the pose from where each point cloud was collected is also stored in the pose‐based EKF‐SLAM state vector. The results of the registration algorithm are used as constraint observations among the different poses within the state vector, solving the full‐SLAM problem. The method is demonstrated using the Girona 500 AUV, equipped with a laser scanner and inspecting a 3D sub‐sea infrastructure inside a water tank. Our results prove that it is possible to limit the navigation drift and deliver a consistent high‐accuracy 3D map of the inspected object.
Channel response to sediment replenishment in a large gravel‐bed river: The case of the Saint‐Sauveur dam in the Buëch River (Southern Alps, France)
Authors: Brousse Guillaume , Arnaud‐Fassetta Gilles , Liébault Frédéric , Bertrand Mélanie , Melun Gabriel , Loire Remi , Malavoi Jean‐René , Fantino Guillaume , Borgniet Laurent 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Saint‐Sauveur dam was built in 1992 in the middle section of the Buëch River. Downstream of the dam, a channel incision by several meters was observed. A gravel replenishment operation was planned in order to restore the active channel. An equivalent of two times the mean annual bedload‐transport capacity (43,500 m3) was replenished downstream of the dam in September 2016. The aim of this paper is to quantify morphological change associated with sediment remobilization in order to evaluate the efficiency of the restoration works. The monitoring was based on a combination of (a) change detection using sequential high‐resolution digital elevation models (from airborne LiDAR data), (b) bedload tracing using active ultrahigh‐frequency radio‐frequency identification technology, and (c) complementary field surveys of channel grain‐size distribution and morphology for bedload‐transport computation. Field monitoring allows us to capture a net aggradation along a 2‐km reach after the first post‐replenishment flood. A sediment balance analysis was performed to back‐calculate bedload supply coming from the sluicing operation during the flood. Although the sediment replenishment operation clearly had a positive impact on the morphological conditions of the starved river reach, the effective bedload supply from artificial berms (22,650 m3) was insufficient to initiate substantial channel shifting along the restored reach and a subsequent amplification of the sediment recharge. The combination of high‐resolution topographic resurveys and sediment tracing was successful to evaluate the downstream propagation of sediment replenishment effects.
Do adaptive cycles of floodplain vegetation response to inundation differ among vegetation communities?
Authors: Thapa Rajesh , Thoms Martin C. , Reid Michael , Parsons Melissa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFlooding is a key driver of floodplain vegetation productivity. Adaptive cycles provide a model for examining the productivity of floodplain vegetation communities in response to hydrology. Accordingly, floodplain inundation drives vegetation productivity responses through an adaptive cycle of wetting (exploitation phase), wet (conservation phase), drying (release phase), and dry (reorganization phase). We examined changes in the productivity of four floodplain vegetation communities (lignum, coolibah, grass, and poplar box) through the four phases of an adaptive cycle and explore the various strategies used by these vegetation communities to cope with variation in water availability. All four vegetation communities showed significant differences in productivity, as indicated by changes in the normalized difference vegetation index between the adaptive cycle phases. Differences were evident in the total area of vegetation that showed a productivity response, the quality or the vigour of the response, the trajectory of change overtime (i.e., towards higher or lower productivity), and the probability of change. Although the four vegetation communities exhibited response patterns in relation to flooding and drying that fit the adaptive cycle model, differences were evident in the timing of transitions between the four phases and the duration spent in those phases for each vegetation community. Poplar box and coolibah communities showed a higher productivity response during the drying or release phase. By comparison, the highest productivity response for the grassland and lignum shrubland was observed during the wetting or exploitation phase. Overall, the results showed that the four vegetation communities are sensitive to the degree of wetting at different phases in the adaptive cycle. Knowledge of floodplain vegetation response in each phase of an adaptive cycle will enable better management of floodplains, as management activities can be tailored to adaptive phase patterns associated with each community.
SIMS accurate determination of matrix composition of topological crystalline insulator material Pb1 − xSnxSe
Authors: Jakieła Rafał , Galicka Marta , Dziawa Piotr , Springholz Gunther , Barcz Adam 
Published: September 2019

Substitutional alloy Pb1 − xSnxSe is a new class of electronic materials called topological crystalline insulators, which at the temperature range from 0 K to 300 K exhibit topological state at compositions in the range 0.18 < x < 0.40 (in the rock‐salt structure). In this report, we present a secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis technique to provide accurate Pb and Sn composition based on the measurement of PbCs+ and SnCs+ cluster ions intensities. Studies of Pb1 − xSnxSe bulk samples with various values of x show that x/(1 − x) is linear in relation to the intensity ratio of PbCs+/SnCs+ over the range from x = 0.15 to x = 0.41. This technique allows us to obtain an accurate Sn content for multilayered heterostructures, quantum wells containing Pb1 − xSnxSe with different x values for each layer.
Electrochemical Water Oxidation of NiCo2O4 and CoNi2S4 Nanospheres Supported on Ni Foam Substrate
Authors: Rani Balasubramanian Jansi , Nivedha Katturajan. , Ravi Ganesan , Yuvakkumar Rathinam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is an environment‐friendly technique for producing clean energy. Low‐cost, high performance and robust electro catalysts for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly essential for improving the overall efficiency of water splitting. In the present study, NiCo2O4 and CoNi2S4 nanospheres were successfully prepared by employing solvothermal method and optimized at 180°C. XRD result confirmed the formation of cubic structure of both NiCo2O4 and CoNi2S4 nanospheres. SEM images evidently revealed the perfect nanospherical surface morphology of NiCo2O4 and distorted nanospherical morphology of CoNi2S4. The obtained characteristic Raman active modes of vibrations confirmed the product formation. Photoluminescence study proclaimed the emission behavior of the product. FTIR results confirmed the metal oxygen vibrations such as Ni−O, Co−O and Ni−S of NiCo2O4 and CoNi2S4 nanospheres. UV spectra and Tauc plot revealed the optical band gaps of Ni and Co based oxide and sulfide nanospheres. Electrochemical studies of optimized NiCo2O4 and CoNi2S4 revealed the respective specific capacitance of 767.067 F/g and 648.11 F/g at scan rate of 10 mVs−1 in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. Furthermore, the current density of 331 and 159 mAg−1 was achieved for the best performed NiCo2O4 and CoNi2S4 electrodes with improved electrical conductivity. The stability over 12 h of highly performed NiCo2O4 nanospheres has been reported. This work suggested a viable and optimized approach to synthesize Ni and Co based oxide and sulfide nanospheres for efficient electrochemical water oxidation.
Loading, Unloading and Receiving of Selected Molecules with Nanomolar Sensitivity in Molecular Communication: Unprompted Carrier‐to‐Carrier Transformation
Authors: Karar Monaj , Paul Suvendu , Biswas Bhaskar , Paul Provakar , Majumdar Tapas , Mallick Arabinda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a new concept of molecular communication that mimics the operations of some specific semiconductor based electronic devices. In this report, one molecule N,N'‐bis(salicyaldehydene)‐1,3‐diaminopropan‐2‐ol (2‐IMP) acted as sender while a similar analog 2,2′‐((1E,1′E)‐(1,2‐phenylenebis(methanylylidene))bis(azanylylidene))diphenol)) (hereafter PMP) molecule played the role of a receiver. 2‐IMP and PMP were designed, synthesized and then employed for the transportation of an information molecule, Zn(AcO)2 (ZA) after its selective detection and capturing from diversely crowded conditions. Upon exposure of 2‐IMP toward a diversified mixture, excluding the presence of CuII only, revealed a highly selective optical response for ZA at nanomolar sensitivity level. These were evidenced by significant changes in the absorption spectra and extensive consecutive rise and fall in emission intensity of 2‐IMP. Interestingly, the stepwise loading‐transporting‐unloading process was fully autonomous and did not require any external control. Therefore, this molecular machine might find promising applications in controllable molecular transport and release. They are of great importance in designing of next generation molecular devices.
Conjugation‐Curtailing of Benzodithionopyran‐Cored Molecular Acceptor Enables Efficient Air‐Processed Small Molecule Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Hao , Fan Haijun , Liu Wuyue , Chen Shanshan , Yang Changduk , Ye Long , Ade Harald , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSmall molecule solar cells (SMSCs) lag a long way behind polymer solar cells. A key limit is the less controllable morphology of small molecule materials, which can be aggravated when incorporating anisotropic nonfullerene acceptors. To fine‐tune the blending morphology within SMSCs, a π‐conjunction curtailing design is applied, which produces a efficient benzodithionopyran‐cored molecular acceptor for nonfullerene SMSCs (NF‐SMSCs). When blended with a molecular donor BDT3TR‐SF to fabricate NF‐SMSCs, the π‐conjunction curtailed molecular acceptor NBDTP‐M obtains an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 10.23%, which is much higher than that of NBDTTP‐M of longer π‐conjunction. It retains 93% of the PCE of devices fabricated in a glove box when all spin‐coating and post‐treating procedures are conducted in ambient air with relative humidity of 25%, which suggests the good air‐processing capability of π‐conjunction curtailed molecules. Detailed X‐ray scattering investigations indicate that the BDT3TR‐SF:NBDTP‐M blend exhibits a blend morphology featuring fine interpenetrating networks with smaller domains and higher phase purity, which results in more efficient charge generation, more balanced charge transport, and less recombination compared to the low‐performance BDT3TR‐SF:NBDTTP‐M blend. This work provides a guideline for molecular acceptors' design toward efficient, low‐cost, air‐processed NF‐SMSCs.
Light Confinement Effect Induced Highly Sensitive, Self‐Driven Near‐Infrared Photodetector and Image Sensor Based on Multilayer PdSe2/Pyramid Si Heterojunction
Authors: Liang Feng‐Xia , Zhao Xing‐Yuan , Jiang Jing‐Jing , Hu Ji‐Gang , Xie Wei‐Qiang , Lv Jun , Zhang Zhi‐Xiang , Wu Di , Luo Lin‐Bao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, a highly sensitive and self‐driven near‐infrared (NIR) light photodetector based on PdSe2/pyramid Si heterojunction arrays, which are fabricated through simple selenization of predeposited Pd nanofilm on black Si, is demonstrated. The as‐fabricated hybrid device exhibits excellent photoresponse performance in terms of a large on/off ratio of 1.6 × 105, a responsivity of 456 mA W−1, and a high specific detectivity of up to 9.97 × 1013 Jones under 980 nm illumination at zero bias. Such a relatively high sensitivity can be ascribed to the light trapping effect of the pyramid microstructure, which is confirmed by numerical modeling based on finite‐difference time domain. On the other hand, thanks to the broad optical absorption properties of PdSe2, the as‐fabricated device also exhibits obvious sensitivity to other NIR illuminations with wavelengths of 1300, 1550, and 1650 nm, which is beyond the photoresponse range of Si‐based devices. It is also found that the PdSe2/pyramid Si heterojunction device can also function as an NIR light sensor, which can readily record both “tree” and “house” images produced by 980 and 1300 nm illumination, respectively.
Promoting Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Co‐Based Catalysts (Co3O4, CoS, CoP, and CoN) through Photothermal Effect
Authors: Jin Baojie , Li Yinchang , Wang Jingnan , Meng Fanyu , Cao Shuaisheng , He Bing , Jia Songru , Wang Yang , Li Zhen , Liu Xueqin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe increase of reaction temperature of electrocatalysts is regarded as an efficient method to improve the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. Herein, it is reported that the electrocatalytic performance of dual functional (i.e., electrocatalytic and photothermal functions) Co3O4 can be dramatically improved via its photothermal effect. The operating temperature of the Co3O4 electrode is elevated in situ under near infrared (NIR) light irradiation, resulting in enhanced oxygen evolution activity due to its accelerated electrical conductivity, reaction kinetics, and desorption rate of O2 bubbles from the electrode. In addition, photothermal effect can also enhance the electrocatalytic reaction rates of metal‐doped Co3O4 electrodes, indicating that it is able to significantly improve the OER activities of electrodes together with other modification strategies. With the assistance of the photothermal effect, the obtained Ni‐doped Co3O4 catalyst requires an extremely low overpotential of 208 mV to achieve a benchmark of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope, superior to most reported Co‐based catalysts. Significantly, the electrocatalytic performance of other electrodes with photothermal effect, such as CoN, CoP, and CoS, are also boosted under NIR light irradiation, indicating opportunities for implementing photothermal enhancement in electrocatalytic water splitting.
Effects of pollution on marine organisms
Authors: Mearns Alan J. , Bissell Mathew , Morrison Ann Michelle , Rempel‐Hester Mary Ann , Arthur Courtney , Rutherford Nicolle 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis review covers selected 2018 articles on the biological effects of pollutants, including human physical disturbances, on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems, and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing, and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, marine debris, dredging, and disposal. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due largely to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and proliferation of data on the assimilation and effects of marine debris. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (e.g., mass mortalities ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not on pollutant sources, chemistry, fate, or transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g., some bioaccumulation data may be appear in other topical categories such as effects of wastewater discharges, or biomarker studies appearing in oil toxicity literature). Therefore, we strongly urge readers to use keyword searching of the text and references to locate related but distributed information. Although nearly 400 papers are cited, these now represent a fraction of the literature on these subjects. Use this review mainly as a starting point. And please consult the original papers before citing them.
Numerical approximation of a frictional contact problem in elasto‐plasticity based on the penalty approach
Authors: Benkhira El‐Hassan , Fakhar Rachid , Mandyly Youssef 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA numerical model based on the penalty method for the unilateral contact problem with friction between an elasto‐plastic body and a rigid foundation is presented in this paper. The process is supposed to be static, the material's behavior is described by the nonlinear elastic constitutive Hencky's law, the contact and friction are modeled, respectively, with Signorini's condition and a version of Coulomb's law in which the coefficient of friction depends on the slip. Next, the existence of a unique weak solution to the penalized problem is proved, and its convergence towards that of the variational problem is confirmed. Then, the finite element method is a numerical method that can be successfully used to generate an approximate solution for a problem of this kind. Afterward, a successive iteration technique to solve the problem numerically is proposed, and a convergence result is established. Finally, to prove the reliability and the performance of this approach, numerical experiments of two‐dimensional test problems are carried out.