bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Familie-arbejdslivspolitikker fra et ligestillingsperspektiv - det "glemte" sociale ansvar i danske CSR-initiativer
Authors: Larsen Trine P. 
Published: August 2018

Work-life balance policies from a gender equality perspective – the forgotten corpo- rate social responsibility in Danish CSR policy. CSR has increasingly attracted national governments and social partners’ attention worldwide. Denmark is no exception. The Danish initiatives have mainly focused on employment related issues rather than gender equality and work-life balance issues. In fact, gender equality is rarely a topic discussed in the Danish CSR policies. This paper argues that social partners have through collective agreements voluntary taken on a social responsibility to ease employees’ work/life balance and thereby promote gender equality. However, these policies mainly address the problems faced by working mothers, less so fathers and rarely careers other than parents are therefore expected to combine work and care-giving with limited if no support from their workplace.
Forsvinder kønnets betydning i den excellente præstation?
Authors: Pedersen Inge Kryger 
Published: August 2018

This article discusses whether the achievement of excellence transcends gender. This thesis is evoked by research results that reveal that while a number of elite sports women reflect the problem of gender when establishing and maintaining a career in the sphere of elite sport, they do not consider questions about sex and gender in descriptions of their optimum achievements. The achievement of excellence is characterised by a sustained and precise form of success. Furthermore, it is a hyper cultural state , where nature is transformed and the bounds imposed by chromosomes overcome. The athlete becomes a symbol, the internal features of which transcend her facticity as a woman. She sees herself in a new and fascinatinf role by reason of her achievement and not by ascriptions as gender at the state of excellence only include the internal (or personal) features of the symbol? The new role in which the athlete sees herself must necessarily be related to the top achievement is a social event.The thesis is based on study results in the field of sport. However, the article aims to outline a thesis to be examined in gender studies within other spheres of society suck as the spheres of working life and art.
Dette nummers samlede anmeldelser
Authors: Kleist Nauja , Trangbæk Else , Høgsgaard Ditte , Petterson Birgit , Bruun Hanne , Andersen Pernille Tanggaard 
Published: August 2018

I dette nummer anmeldes følgende: "På trods... 100 års kvindehistorie" (Hanne Dam), "Den excellente præstation. Elitesport, kvinder og karriere" (Inge Kryger Pedersen), "Sygeplejesagens pioner, Henny Tscherning" (Esther Petersen), "Mellan ansvar & magt" (Gunilla Carlstedt og Annika Forssén), "TV-værter, kommercialisering og køn i Norden" (Vibeke Pedersen m.fl.), "Den demokratiske udfordring" (Goul Andersen m.fl.)
The Lure of Car Culture - Gender, Class and Nation in 21st Century Car Culture in China.
Authors: Christensen Hilda Rømer 
Published: August 2018

The aim of this article is to scrutinize car culture and gender in post-socialist China and to show how discourses of mobility and gender have come to be intertwined with the new middle class and ideas of nation and cars as imagined communities. The article departs from theoretical and methodological considerations of gender and car culture and argues that gender and cars are entangled in both global and local assemblages. Using China Daily as the main source of analysis, the article examines how dominant ideas of cars and gender have interfaced with the emerging Chinese middle class and new ideas of masculinity, femininity and Chineseness. Also the article locates car culture as a new site of cultivating individual senses, life styles and new moral aspects of social life. Present day urban car culture in China both challenges and radicalizes fixed figures of gendered and masculinised car culture; while at the same time carving out new gaps related to class, gender and more sustainable modes of transportation.
Teaching Gender in a Transnational Perspective – Challenges, Resistances and Strategies
Authors: Christiansen Connie Carøe , Madsen Diana Højlund 
Published: August 2018

This opening article argues for the need for adopting a transnational perspective in the teaching of gender in the classroom, an approach which has considerable resemblance with Mohanty’s ‘Feminist solidarity or comparative feminist studies model’ of teaching. The article contributes to an on-going scholarly debate on the teaching of gender in higher education by specifying how the transnational feminist perspective could be adopted in practice, both in classrooms andin cooperation between universities. Three points that this perspective gives rise to – the translations of gender, the inherent teaching strategies, and the teaching pedagogy involved – are discussed as they call for reflections on the power dynamics between researchers from the Global North and South and the representations of these poles in class-rooms. The article concludeswith some more concrete suggestions for addressing, rather than silencing, the transnational dimension embedded in the practice of teaching gender.
Teaching gender within International Relations: Experiences from a Brazilian University Classroom
Authors: Pinto Vânia Carvalho 
Published: August 2018

In this article I propose to reflect upon my classroom experiences and didactical practices teaching gender and international relations (IR) at the University of Brasília. The empirical examples will be drawn from two undergraduate courses: theory of international relations and international relations of the Middle East. The main issue that I am addressing in this article is the students’resistance to the study of gender within IR. Part of the problem rests within the structure of the mainstream discipline as the latter tends to over focus on the systemic level of analysis, a theoretical abstraction that renders women (and people in general) invisible. Given that IR students typically become our future diplomats and civil servants, training in foreign policy must not be allowed to rest on depersonalised state relations, which will at best deliver unidirectional and simplistic views of the world. To that end, I propose a set of topics, literature and pedagogical practices of how to mainstream gender into a general IR discipline. The main points underlying this proposal are to emotionally engage students by carefully selecting which IR topics to study and to decrease the level of abstraction by utilizing real-life up-to-date case studies and examples.
Mentioning the unmentionable – photo interviewing as a way through a methodological crisis in sensitive research matters
Authors: Faxe Pernill 
Published: August 2018

In this paper, I discuss the benefits of photo-interviewing in qualitative studies on sensitive research topics by reflecting about a methodological crisis in my study on male infertility. I will also reflect about my own researcher subjectivity and vulnerability and how it shaped the research process. I will show how photo interviewing became a way to navigate both my ethical considerationstoward the interviewees and a way to overcome my own discomfort and thus created a gentler room to be in for both informant and researcher. An interview structured around images offers a dignified way in and out of sensitive topics and can be flexibly employed as an approach to potentially painful topics, whether informants are in ‘the eye of the storm’ or reflecting on a problem in the past.
Human cancer evolution in the context of a human immune system in mice
Authors: Gammelgaard Odd L. , Terp Mikkel G. , Preiss Birgitte , Ditzel Henrik J. 
Published: August 2018

Immunotherapy is one of the most promising cancer treatment modalities, but the lack of appropriate preclinical in vivo models hampers the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, we studied the ability of transplanted human cancer cells to form primary tumors and metastasize in humanized immune system (HIS) mice created by transfer of CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells. All tested transplanted cancer cell lines developed primary tumors that progressed nearly synchronously. Spontaneous lung and liver metastases developed from both orthotopic and ectopic transplanted cancer cells, and the ability to spread inversely correlated with the extent of CD8+ infiltration in the primary tumor. Further analysis revealed that interactions between the cancer model and the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes created tumor microenvironments (TMEs) resembling clinical cancers. Some models were largely immune cell‐excluding, while others appeared to develop adaptive resistance to immune‐mediated destruction by increased expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) and recruitment of human regulatory T cells. Our data suggest that HIS mice may provide a promising in vivo tumor model for evaluating immune modulatory anticancer therapies. Moreover, our study identified different tumor models resembling specific types of human TMEs, rendering each beneficial for addressing disease‐specific issues.
Relationship and Family Therapy for Newly Resettled Refugees: An Interpretive Description of Staff Experiences
Authors: Karageorge Aspasia , Rhodes Paul , Gray Rebecca 
Published: August 2018

The needs of refugees are of crucial concern internationally. Relational trauma is an area that is particularly under‐emphasised and under‐researched. The Strength to Strength program (STS) was a relationship and family counselling service for recently arrived refugees in Sydney, Australia. The service model built on post‐Milan systemic family therapy principles to include cultural and trauma‐informed aspects of care. This study explored the design and impact of the program, through qualitative accounts provided by service users. This paper focuses on the experiences of staff of the program, and the ways in which more traditional, Western‐informed modes of family therapy were transformed by refugee client needs. The specific study aim was to identify and describe transformations to the delivery of relationship and family counselling with refugees that enabled care, from the perspective of STS staff. A thematic analysis of interviews with STS service staff (bicultural workers, family therapists, managers; n = 10) was undertaken, guided by an interpretive description framework. Findings revealed that acceptable and useful clinical innovations to standard care included the use of community groups, the unique role of the bicultural worker, and increased reliance on more directive and practical modes of family therapy rather than insight‐oriented post‐Milan techniques. The role of community‐based intervention to enrich existing Western‐informed models of care for use with refugees was vital. STS was an example of staff‐driven innovation to the therapeutic care of refugee families resettling in a Western country and took into account their unique and complex set of cultural, practical, and psychological client needs. Future service delivery is best guided by the incorporation of multi‐faceted approaches to care that allow for phasing of treatment in line with client culture, needs, and readiness.
Culturable epiphytic bacteria isolated from Teleogryllus occipitalus crickets metabolize insecticides
Authors: He Linling , Liu Bo , Tian Jiewei , Lu Fengjuan , Li Xiaoguang , Tian Yongqiang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe development of insecticide resistance is attributed to evolutionary changes in pest insect genomes, such as alteration of drug target sites, upregulation of degrading enzymes, and enhancement of drug excretion. Beyond these well‐known mechanisms, symbiotic bacteria may confer insecticide resistance to host crickets. The current study was designed to screen all possible culturable bacterial groups found living in and on the bodies of Teleogryllus occipitalis crickets. We recovered 263 visible bacterial colonies and cultured them individually. After identifying the colonies based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis, we shortlisted 55 bacterial strains belonging to 28 genera. Of these 55 bacterial strains, 18 degraded at least 50% of the original amount of 400 mg/L chlorpyrifos (CP) after 24 hr of coculture. Six of these strains degraded more than 70% of the original amount of 400 mg/L CP. Three strains had antagonistic effects on Bacillus thuringiensis growth. Additionally, the ability of the isolates to degrade glyphosate, phoxim, and esfenvalerate was assessed. We also detected extracellular hydrolase enzyme activities in these isolates. We propose that epiphytic bacterial strains play multiple roles in cricket biology, one of which contributes to chemical and biological pesticide resistance.
Simultaneous TLC–densitometric determination of tamoxifen citrate and medroxyprogesterone acetate and UV‐degradation kinetic study of medroxyprogesterone acetate
Authors: Saleh Gamal A. , Abdel‐aal Fatma A.M. , Abbas Noha S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCoadministration of tamoxifen citrate (TMC) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is preferred to increase the response rate and the percentage recovery in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Administration of TMC and MPA and their combination affects estrogen and progestin receptor concentrations in advanced endometrium carcinoma by affecting 17β‐hydroxyl steroid dehydrogenase activity and serum hormone concentrations. A sensitive, accurate and robust thin‐layer chromatography method has been established for simultaneous analysis of TMC and MPA. Method development was carried out on silica gel F254 using butanol–acetic acid–water (6:0.5:0.5, v/v/v) as mobile phase. Densitometric scanning was carried out at 241 nm for simultaneous detection of TMC and MPA. Retardation factor (Rf) values for TMC and MPA were 0.21 and 0.85, respectively. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Regression plots revealed linear relationships in the concentration range of 50–500 and 25–250 ng/band for TMC and MPA, successively. Accuracy was ≥99.60 and 98.72% for TMC and MPA, respectively. Forced degradation studies using UV photodegradation was applied on MPA after exposure to UV light for different times and applying a kinetic study for calculating the degradation rate constant (k) and half‐life time (t1/2).
Alternate splicing of transcripts upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection impacts the expression of functional protein domains
Authors: Kalam Haroon , Singh Kartikeya , Chauhan Komal , Fontana Mary F. , Kumar Dhiraj 
Published: August 2018

SummaryPreviously, we reported that infection of human macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) results in massive alterations in the pattern of RNA splicing in the host. The finding gained significance since alternate spliced variants of a same gene may have substantially different structure, function, stability, interaction partners, localization, and so forth, owing to inclusion or exclusion of specific exons. To establish a proof‐of‐concept; on how infection‐induced RNA splicing could impact protein functions, here we used RNA‐seq data from THP‐1 macrophages that were infected with clinical isolate of Mtb. In addition to re‐establishing the fact that Mtb infection may cause strain specific alterations in RNA splicing, we also developed a new analysis pipeline resulting in characterization of domain maps of the transcriptome post‐infection. For the sake of simplicity, we restricted our analysis to all the kinases in the human genome and considered only pfam classified protein domains and checked their frequency of inclusion or exclusion due to alternate splicing across the conditions and time points. We report massive alterations in the domain architecture of most regulated proteins across the entire kinases highlighting the physiological importance of such an understanding. This study paves way for more detailed analysis of different functional classes of proteins and perturbations to their domain architecture as a consequence of mycobacterial infections. Such analysis would yield unprecedented depth to our understanding of host‐pathogen interaction and allow in a more systematic manner targeting of host pathways for controlling the infections. © 2018 The Authors. IUBMB Life published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 70(9):845–854, 2018
LncRNA SNHG20 is associated with clinical progression and enhances cell migration and invasion in osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhang Jitong , Ju Chaojie , Zhang Wei , Xie Li 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSNHG20 is a novel lncRNA which has been showed to be overexpressed and functions as oncogenic lncRNA in several types of human cancer. The role of SNHG20 in osteosarcoma is still unknown. The purpose of our study was to identify the clinical value and biological function of SNHG20 in osteosarcoma. Our results indicated SNHG20 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines compared with paired non‐tumor tissues and normal human osteoblast cell line, respectively. Moreover, we observed high‐expression of SNHG20 was obviously associated with Enneking stage, distant metastasis, and histological grade. SNHG20 expression was negatively associated with overall survival, and high‐expression of SNHG20 was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in osteosarcoma patients. Furthermore, SNHG20 promoted osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion through modulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition ‐associated genes. In conclusion, SNHG20 is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in osteosarcoma patients, and functions as an oncogenic lncRNA to modulate tumor cell migration and invasion. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(11):1115–1121, 2018
A novel enzymatic method for the measurement of lactose in lactose‐free products
Authors: Mangan David , McCleary Barry V , Culleton Helena , Cornaggia Claudio , Ivory Ruth , McKie Vincent A , Delaney Elaine , Kargelis Tadas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years there has been a surge in the number of commercially available lactose‐free variants of a wide variety of products. This presents an analytical challenge for the measurement of the residual lactose content in the presence of high levels of mono‐, di‐, and oligosaccharides.RESULTSIn the current work, we describe the development of a novel enzymatic low‐lactose determination method termed LOLAC (low lactose), which is based on an optimized glucose removal pre‐treatment step followed by a sequential enzymatic assay that measures residual glucose and lactose in a single cuvette. Sensitivity was improved over existing enzymatic lactose assays through the extension of the typical glucose detection biochemical pathway to amplify the signal response. Selectivity for lactose in the presence of structurally similar oligosaccharides was provided by using a β‐galactosidase with much improved selectivity over the analytical industry standards from Aspergillus oryzae and Escherichia coli (EcLacZ), coupled with a ‘creep’ calculation adjustment to account for any overestimation. The resulting enzymatic method was fully characterized in terms of its linear range (2.3–113 mg per 100 g), limit of detection (LOD) (0.13 mg per 100 g), limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.44 mg per 100 g) and reproducibility (≤ 3.2% coefficient of variation (CV)). A range of commercially available lactose‐free samples were analyzed with spiking experiments and excellent recoveries were obtained. Lactose quantitation in lactose‐free infant formula, a particularly challenging matrix, was carried out using the LOLAC method and the results compared favorably with those obtained from a United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) accredited laboratory employing quantitative high performance anion exchange chromatography – pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC‐PAD) analysis.CONCLUSIONThe LOLAC assay is the first reported enzymatic method that accurately quantitates lactose in lactose‐free samples. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Successes and failures reported in a multiscaled framework constituted by biophilic projects engineered toward environmental recovery
Authors: da Silva Alexandre Marco , Castelli Karen Regina , Bortoleto Ludmila Araujo , Mendes Pablo Bettio , Primo Kristiane Ramos , Silva Rosiane Argenton e 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe process of landscapes' fragmentation has led to having two realistic complementary options: (a) developing techniques and approaches for conserving the healthy remaining forest fragments and (b) restoring degraded places. The second option can be conducted by projects that focus on restoring or rehabilitating the degraded environment. In this research, a framework was tested through a set of pilot‐scale projects in a highly urbanized Municipality of the southeastern Brazilian region (Sorocaba, São Paulo State). Four projects were carried out in order to test the efficacy of techniques devoted to solving different problems of environmental degradation (isolation of fragments, loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and bioinvasion) in different environments (terrestrial [forested and nonforested] and aquatic [rivers]) through the acceleration and orientation of the process of restoration. Here, we show the main findings, discuss the potential and weaknesses found in each project, and offer some recommendations for future potential users. The projects are constituted of techniques and approaches that are all cheap, naturally based, and easy to be implemented and with a high probability of social comprehension and acceptance. In each project, we got interesting outcomes, considering all successes and limitations (for example, a high reappearance of vegetation in streams and strong control of soil erosion). This model embraces the main aspects of environmental recovering through a feasible, realistic, and socioecological approach, and it brings high potential to be used by other researchers and also for technicians and decision makers who search for feasible and realistic projects.
Tenofovir Alafenamide for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B Monoinfection
Authors: Childs‐Kean Lindsey M. , Egelund Eric F. , Jourjy Jacqueline 
Published: August 2018

Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is indicated for adult patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with compensated liver disease at an oral dose of 25 mg/day. TAF is a more stable prodrug in the plasma than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), leading to decreased plasma exposure of tenofovir. Decreased exposure is thought to reduce the risk of long‐term TDF toxicities, such as nephrotoxicity and decreased bone mineral density (BMD). TAF, a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor, has the same mechanism of action as TDF. The results of phase III primary trials and extensions showed that TAF is noninferior to TDF at suppressing the HBV viral load in treatment‐naive and treatment‐experienced HBeAg‐negative and HBeAg‐positive patients at 48 weeks, 96 weeks, and 144 weeks of therapy. The most commonly reported adverse events were headache, abdominal pain, fatigue, cough, nausea, and back pain. At all evaluated time points (out to 144 wks of treatment), patients who received TAF had less risk of nephrotoxicity and less of a decline in BMD than the patients who received TDF. TAF appears to be safe in patients with a creatinine clearance (Clcr) above 15 ml/min; however, TAF is not currently recommended in patients with an estimated Clcr below this threshold. TAF is safe in patients with mild hepatic impairment but is not currently recommended in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment (Child‐Pugh class B or C).