bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The English Voluntary Sector: how Volunteering and Policy Climate Perceptions Matter
Authors: KENDALL JEREMY , MOHAN JOHN , BROOKES NADIA , YOON YEOSUN 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper considers the situation of the English voluntary sector in relation to austerity-driven social policies. Existing characterisations are outlined and it is argued that the quantitative evidence used to represent the situation of these organisations to date has been partial because it relies too narrowly on financial resource input measures. We argue that the situation of these organisations needs to be conceptualised in a more holistic way and, to initiate a move in this direction, we identify and explicate two relevant dimensions: the perceived capacity of organisations to rely on volunteers for support (a non-financial resource input); and their perception of the effect of the policy climate in shaping their capacity to flourish, including their ability to perform multiple roles beyond service provision alone. We draw on an original mixed methods empirical study undertaken in England in 2015 to operationalise these dimensions, combining qualitative interviews with national ‘policy community’ members with a large scale on-line survey of social policy charities. We find a complex and variegated situation that, while acknowledging the fundamental importance of financial resource pressures, also points to the salience of the volunteering situation, and to the relevance of the challenging policy climate that these organisations have to navigate.
Do shamans violate notions of humanness?
Authors: Haslam Nick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSingh proposes that shamans violate notions of humanness in patterned ways that signal supernatural capacities. I argue that his account, based on a notion of humanness that contrasts humans with non-human animals, does not capture people's understandings of supernatural beings. Shamanic behavior may simply violate human norms in unstructured, improvised ways rather than contrast with a coherent concept of humanness.
A ritual by any other name
Authors: Kapitány Rohan , Kavanagh Christopher 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe question the privileged role of trance within the framework presented. The features that Singh suggests make it unique are not well demarcated from those of rituals more generally, and we challenge the depth of explanation presented for the mechanisms of trance. We outline the form of a solution, which may facilitate increased operational utility for the presented framework.
Kinematic and dynamic performance investigations of asymmetric (U-shape fixed base) planar parallel manipulators
Authors: Mohanta Jayant Kumar , Singh Yogesh , Mohan Santhakumar 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYIn this paper, a new family of 3-degree-of-freedom planar parallel manipulators (PPMs), namely U-shape fixed base PPMs starting with an active prismatic joint on each leg, is proposed. In order to identify the best manipulators of this family, comparative kinematic and dynamic performance studies are performed. The kinematic performances are quantified through the local performance index, namely the kinematic isotropy. From the kinematic isotropy analysis results, it is observed thatPPR-PRP-PRP,PRP-PRP-PRP andPRR-PRP-PRP configurations have better kinematic design aspects compared to other configurations of this family of U-shape fixed base parallel configurations. Further, from the workspace analysis, it is observed that thePPR-PRP-PRP configuration has a higher value of workspace to the total area required ratio compared to other configurations. This paper also presents a comparative dynamic performance analysis of these top-three U-shape fixed base configurations in terms of dynamic driving performance measures, and energy requirements for three different (fixed base size of the manipulators) aspect ratios under two different loading conditions. From the analyses results, it is perceived that thePRP-PRP-PRP configuration is requiring lower energy and dynamic driving performances than others. These analyses are done with the help of multi-body dynamic software, namely MSC ADAMS, and the results are validated through the help of real-time experiments conducted on in-house fabricated prototypes of these three PPMs. In specific, the energy consumption is measured and compared in this study. Experimental results demonstrated that thePRP-PRP-PRP manipulator displays a considerably better performance in terms of minimum energy requirement.
A pathological case of the C1 conjecture in mixed characteristic
Authors: KAUR INDER 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLet K be a field of characteristic 0. Fix integers r, d coprime with r ⩾ 2. Let XK be a smooth, projective, geometrically connected curve of genus g ⩾ 2 defined over K. Assume there exists a line bundle ${\cal L}_K$ on XK of degree d. In this paper we prove the existence of a stable locally free sheaf on XK with rank r and determinant ${\cal L}_K$. This trivially proves the C1 conjecture in mixed characteristic for the moduli space of stable locally free sheaves of fixed rank and determinant over a smooth, projective curve.
Image-based food portion size estimation using a smartphone without a fiducial marker
Authors: Yang Yifan , Jia Wenyan , Bucher Tamara , Zhang Hong , Sun Mingui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveCurrent approaches to food volume estimation require the person to carry a fiducial marker (e.g. a checkerboard card), to be placed next to the food before taking a picture. This procedure is inconvenient and post-processing of the food picture is time-consuming and sometimes inaccurate. These problems keep people from using the smartphone for self-administered dietary assessment. The current bioengineering study presents a novel smartphone-based imaging approach to table-side estimation of food volume which overcomes current limitations.DesignWe present a new method for food volume estimation without a fiducial marker. Our mathematical model indicates that, using a special picture-taking strategy, the smartphone-based imaging system can be calibrated adequately if the physical length of the smartphone and the output of the motion sensor within the device are known. We also present and test a new virtual reality method for food volume estimation using the International Food Unit™ and a training process for error control.ResultsOur pilot study, with sixty-nine participants and fifteen foods, indicates that the fiducial-marker-free approach is valid and that the training improves estimation accuracy significantly (P&lt;0·05) for all but one food (egg, P&gt;0·05).ConclusionsElimination of a fiducial marker and application of virtual reality, the International Food Unit™ and an automated training allowed quick food volume estimation and control of the estimation error. The estimated volume could be used to search a nutrient database and determine energy and nutrients in the diet.
Dosimetric determination of tissue maximum ratios in small fields
Authors: Shamsi Qurat-ul-ain , Buzdar Saeed Ahmad , Atiq Atia , Atiq Maria , Altaf Saima , Iqbal Khalid 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsThis exploration is intended to measure tissue maximum ratios (TMRs) in smaller fields through CC01 detector and to compare CC01 measured TMRs with Pinnacle treatment planning software (TPS) calculated TMRs.Materials and methodsCC01 compact chamber detector was used to measure TMR in water phantom for 6 and 18 MV beam delivered from Varian linear accelerator. Pinnacle TPS was employed in this study to calculate TMR from the measured percentage depth doses data. CC01 measured TMR data was compared with the calculated TMR data at depths from 5 to 20 cm for field sizes varying from 1 to 10 cm2.ResultsFor the smallest given field size of 1 cm2, CCO1 measured 13·95% higher TMR value for 18 MV beam than that for 6 MV beam. At 20 cm depth for 1 cm2 field size, TMR due to 18 MV beam was 52·4% higher than the TMR due to 6 MV beam. For 6 MV beam, the maximum difference appeared between the measured TMR and pinnacle calculated TMR was 2·8% and for 18 MV beam, the maximum difference was 4%.ConclusionFor both 6 and 18 MV beam, there was good agreement between CC01 measured and Pinnacle calculated TMRs for the field sizes ranging from 1 to 10 cm2. This exploration can be extended to the determination of other dosimetric parameters like TARs, TPRs in small fields.
Comprehension of Degraded Speech Matures During Adolescence
Authors: Huyck Julia Jones 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The aim of the study was to compare comprehension of spectrally degraded (noise-vocoded [NV]) speech and perceptual learning of NV speech between adolescents and young adults and examine the role of phonological processing and executive functions in this perception.

Method
Sixteen younger adolescents (11–13 years), 16 older adolescents (14–16 years), and 16 young adults (18–22 years) listened to 40 NV sentences and repeated back what they heard. They also completed tests assessing phonological processing and a variety of executive functions.

Results
Word-report scores were generally poorer for younger adolescents than for the older age groups. Phonological processing also predicted initial word-report scores. Learning (i.e., improvement across training times) did not differ with age. Starting performance and processing speed predicted learning, with greater learning for those who started with the lowest scores and those with faster processing speed.

Conclusions
Degraded (NV) speech comprehension is not mature even by early adolescence; however, like adults, adolescents are able to improve their comprehension of degraded speech with training. Thus, although adolescents may have initial difficulty in understanding degraded speech or speech as presented through hearing aids or cochlear implants, they are able to improve their perception with experience. Processing speed and phonological processing may play a role in degraded speech comprehension in these age groups.
Fault location principle and 2‐step isolation scheme for a loop‐type DC grid
Authors: Xue Shimin , Liu Chong 
Published: April 2018

The rapid discharging and slow charging processes of a DC‐link capacitor in a voltage‐source converter (VSC) have become the primary issues in VSC‐based DC systems, resulting in greatly prolonged fault recovery times. Therefore, blocking measure for capacitors is necessary, but limits the principles of fault location being based on the transient component. Moreover, as the main bottleneck in the development of DC system protections, the DC circuit breakers (DCCBs) adopted in low‐voltage systems have yet to be fully developed. Hence, it is necessary to propose a fault location principle based on steady‐state currents and a fault isolation scheme based on ACCBs. This study presents a 2‐step isolation scheme adopting thyristors and ACCBs to facilitate fault location and clearance. This method retains the harmonic component of the fault current and creates a current zero‐crossing point. Next, a single‐terminal fault location method adopting a steady‐state harmonic component is used to realise the exact fault location function with different fault resistances and to restore system operation within 160 ms. The protection method economising many communication modules and DCCBs is suited for low‐voltage distribution DC systems.
Management of Chronic Deep Vein Thrombosis in Women
Authors: Hardman Rulon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChronic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) affects hundreds of thousands of women in the United States. Chronic DVT can lead to pain, edema, venous ulcers, and varicosities. While there are limited data regarding the management of chronic DVT, several interventional radiology groups aggressively treat chronic DVT to aid patient symptom resolution. Recanalization of occluded veins and venous stenting re-establishes deep vein flow and decreases venous hypertension.
Contraceptive Implant Migration and Removal by Interventional Radiology
Authors: Zhang Salina , Batur Pelin , Martin Charles , Rochon Paul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs the reversible contraceptive arm implants grow more popular, there is an increasing need to recognize the complications resulting from implant migration and removal. This review summarizes the findings of imaging and removal methods. When an implant is lost, the axillary region should be investigated first. If the implant still cannot be found, visualization though different methods have been employed for non-radiopaque implants. Real-time fluoroscopic-guided localization and removal can be accomplished for radiopaque Nexplanon. Once the implant has been located, standard removal method and other modified techniques can be used to safely remove the implant depending on the implant's location.
Varicose Veins and Lower Extremity Venous Insufficiency
Authors: DePopas Eric , Brown Matthew 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLower extremity venous insufficiency and varicose veins are common conditions, affecting up to 25% of women. Herein, we review the pathophysiology of lower extremity venous insufficiency and varicose veins, the epidemiology of varicose veins, clinical diagnosis, and ultrasonographic diagnosis. We also discuss treatment rationale, algorithms, and techniques, with a focus on endovenous great saphenous vein ablation.
Stent Placement in Surgically Altered Stomach
Authors: Tsauo Jiaywei , Park Jung-Hoon , Zhang Xiaowu , Zhao He , Song Ho-Young 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Radical gastrectomy has been the mainstay of curative treatment for gastric cancer, but recurrent cancer occurs in a significant number of patients. Patients with recurrent cancer can experience debilitating symptoms due to malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement is effective and safe for the palliative treatment of malignant GOO. However, the technical difficulty of SEMS placement is higher in patients with recurrent cancer due to the surgically altered stomach. Thorough understanding of the surgically altered anatomy and site of stricture is key to favorable treatment outcomes.
Effectiveness of Robotic Lobectomy—Outcome and Learning Curve in a High Volume Center
Authors: Cheufou Danjouma Housmanou , Mardanzai Khaled , Ploenes Till , Theegarten Dirk , Stamatis Georgios , Kampe Sandra , Aigner Clemens 
Published: April 2018

Background Robotic surgery has been developed as a sophisticated tool to expand possibilities in minimal invasive surgery. The learning curve for this method is short in various surgical fields; however, limited data exist on the learning curve in robotic thoracic surgery.
Methods This study analyzes a single center experience of robotic lobectomies using a prospectively kept database. Perioperative data and outcome of patients during the learning curve were compared with patients operated with increased institutional experience. The learning curve was defined as the initial 20 lobectomies.
Results Sixty-four robotic lobectomies were performed between January 2014 and February 2017. Indications, preoperative lung functions, comorbidities, patient age, and tumor stage were comparable between patients operated during the learning curve and thereafter. The mean operative time could be significantly reduced after the learning curve (286 ± 86 vs. 211 ± 62 minutes; p = 0.0003). The conversion rate dropped from 4 of 20 (20%) during the learning curve to 2 of 44 (4.5%, p = 0.07) thereafter. Chest tube duration (4.3 ± 2.9 vs. 3.8 ± 2.1 days) and hospital stay (8.3 ± 3.4 vs. 7.9 ± 4.5 days) were not different in the two phases. The number of resected lymph nodes increased from 11.2 ± 6.8 to 13.9 ± 6.5 (p = 0.0797). Lymph node upstaging was achieved in 8 (12.9%) cases. Ninety-day mortality was 0%, and 2-year overall survival was 83%.
Conclusions Robotic thoracic surgery can be safely performed and trained with low complication rates and contributes to the extension of minimal invasive thoracic surgery. The initial learning curve in our experience is overcome after 20 cases. However, to become proficient in more advanced procedures and to further reduce operative time, additional training is required. Prospective studies are required to clearly determine the role of robotic surgery in comparison to the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) procedures.
Long-Term Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer: The Scandinavian Thrombosis and Cancer Cohort
Authors: Gade Inger Lise , Brækkan Sigrid , Næss Inger Anne , Hansen John-Bjarne , Cannegieter Suzanne , Rosendaal Frits , Overvad Kim , Hindberg Kristian , Hammerstrøm Jens , Gran Olga , Tjønneland Anne , Severinsen Marianne , Kristensen Søren 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients who survive the first years after a cancer diagnosis after the acute effects of disease and treatment in comparison to a similar background population has been sparsely investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate if incidence rates (IRs) of VTE differed in patients who were alive at least 2 years after a cancer diagnosis without VTE compared with cancer-free references in a population-based cohort study. The study entry was 2 years after a first cancer diagnosis. For each cancer-exposed subject, five reference subjects were identified within the cohort. The IRs were calculated as number of VTEs per 1,000 person years (×10−3 p-y) in total and in distinct cancer types and corresponding reference subjects. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated by Poisson's regression. During a mean follow-up of 5.3 years, 110 VTEs occurred among the 7,288 cancer-exposed subjects and 321 VTEs occurred among the 36,297 identified reference subjects. The IR of VTE was higher for cancer-exposed subjects compared with reference subjects, IRs 3.7 × 10−3 p-y, 95% CI: 3.1 to 4.5 and 1.9 × 10−3 p-y, 95% CI: 1.7 to 2.2, respectively. IRs of VTE in most solid cancer types declined to almost the same level as in the reference subjects 2 years after cancer diagnosis, but remained higher in hematological cancers, IRR 4.0, 95% CI: 2.0 to 7.8.
Differenzialdiagnose und Notfallversorgung akuter Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Kamm Katharina , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Straube Andreas 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der Notaufnahme ist Kopfschmerz ein sehr häufiges Symptom, oft bei Patienten, die bisher keine oder andere Kopfschmerzen hatten oder bei denen die übliche
Akutmedikation bei bereits bekannter Kopfschmerzerkrankung nicht wirkt. Im folgenden Beitrag sollen das diagnostische Vorgehen und – für die primären
Kopfschmerzen – therapeutische Möglichkeiten in der Notaufnahme vorgestellt werden.
Cognitive Functions of the Fetus
Authors: Kadic Aida , Kurjak Asim 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe human brain is intricately designed to execute cognitive functions, such as perception, attention, action, memory and learning. The complete nervous system is active during prenatal development and the aim of this review is to present data on fetal cognitive functions. The fetus processes sensory stimuli at a cortical level, including painful stimulus, from about 25 weeks of gestation onwards. At gestational week 34, the fetus is able not only to perceive complex acoustic external sounds but also to discriminate between different sounds. Fetal action planning is established by 22 weeks and investigations using four-dimensional ultrasound reveal that complexity of fetal motor action and behavior increases as pregnancy progresses. The capacity of the fetus to learn and memory are prodigious. At term, subcortical structures of the brain are well developed. There is high activity in primary cortical areas and low activity in association areas. Clinically relevant data on cognitive functions of the fetus could be important for the management of fetal pain and treatment of preterm infants as well as for improved neurodevelopmental outcome of fetuses from high-risk pregnancies. Finally, the brain’s developmental journey, including development of cognitive functions, continues with the same intensity in the postnatal period.
Social media choices and uses: comparing Turkish and American young-adults’ social media activism
Authors: Burke Barbara Ruth , Şen Ayşe Fulya 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdvocates of new media—especially social networks, blogs, and photo/content sharing sites—argue that these tools create transformative impacts on society. Recently, around the world younger activists in popular democracy movements, uprisings, and protests, feeling disengaged by traditional forms of political discourse, have debated their positions on new media, and have used digital media to communicate, organize, and coordinate protest activities. While some media scholars suggest this is an indication that young people are active in creating a public sphere constructed by social media, there is still little real-world evidence that the technological potentials are widely realized. To address this gap, this comparative case study aims to reveal how some “ordinary” young people are using social media in response to political issues, investigating: if social media create a new kind of dynamic arena for their public activism; which factors may stimulate the young to activism; and whether their motivation is powerful enough to resist the status quo. Describing and analyzing qualitative interview data from a study of Turkish students and a parallel collection of data from US students, we construct an explanation of their communicated understandings of their differences and similarities in opportunities for political actions. Our findings indicate: there are many similar technical capacities; some similar topics are seen as political; and there are different understandings of what is and is not for public discussion among their personal collections of contacts and friends, with varying levels of real-world connections. This analysis is important in terms of understanding the ways uses of media technologies may be affected by different cultures, political and social conceptualizations and online communication patterns.
Topic-shift discourse markers in L2 Italian
Authors: Borreguero Zuloaga Margarita 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper examines how native speakers (NS) and non-native speakers (NNS) of Italian approach topic organisation (topic shift, topic closure, digressions, topic recovery, and summary) in oral interactions. The research focuses on which discourse markers (DMs) are used when speakers try to organise discourse topics, and the differences between NS and NNS when performing such metadiscourse functions. The analysis is based on data from a spoken corpus designed to study conversational strategies in Spanish learners of L2 Italian. It reveals that the acquisition of metadiscourse functions progresses at different rates depending on the function: whereas learners have a good pragmatic competence in using DMs for the introduction of new topics in conversation, they have difficulties with other functions, such as topic closure or summary. In addition, the function of topic recovery after a digression is explicitly marked by NNS by DMs which are not found in native varieties.
Verb-third in Otfrid’s Evangelienbuch
Authors: Somers Katerina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article investigates the status of so-called verb-final declaratives in Otfrid’s Evangelienbuch, with a focus on whether clauses in which there is no apparent subordinator and the finite verb occurs later than the expected verb-first or verb-second position can be treated as verb-third (V3) clauses, as they are defined for Old High German in works such as Axel (2007) and Tomaselli (1995). Drawing on a set of 746 clauses, I argue that there is no evidence that the finite verbs in these clauses have undergone verb movement, as is claimed in the aforementioned works, nor are the asyndetic verb-late clauses with a verb in surface third position consistent with the patterns identified in the generative literature for the V3 type.