bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience training: Effects on occupational stress and resilience of critical care nurses
Authors: Babanataj Reihaneh , Mazdarani Shahrzad , Hesamzadeh Ali , Gorji Mohammadali Heidari , Cherati Jamshid Yazdani 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimWorking as a nurse, by its nature, causes a high degree of stress. Nurses are exposed to the higher levels of occupational, physical, and mental stresses in critical care units than the nurses in other units of a hospital. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of training for resilience on the intensive care unit nurses' occupational stress and resilience level.MethodsThis study is a quasi‐experimental intervention study that was done by recruiting 30 nurses who were selected from critical care units of an educational hospital in Sari City, Iran, through convenience sampling between April 2015 and February 2016. The resilience training was provided in 5 sessions of 90 to 120 minutes. The pretest‐posttest approach was used in this study, and the nurses completed the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, and Expanded Nursing Stress Scale, before and 2 weeks after the training program.ResultsThe mean score of the occupational stress of the participants decreased significantly after the intervention (P = .001), and the mean score of resilience increased significantly after the intervention (P = .001).ConclusionThe results confirm the effectiveness of resilience training on occupational stress and resilience level of nurses working in the intensive care units.
Concept development in Nursing and Midwifery: An overview of methodological approaches
Authors: Beecher Claire , Devane Declan , White Mark , Greene Richard , Dowling Maura 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundOver the past four decades, there has been a growing focus on the resolution of conceptual problems through the process of concept development. As the focus on this area has grown, so too has the number of debates in the literature on methodological aspects of concept development.AimTo provide an overview of the essential methodological considerations of concept development.DesignDiscussion paper. An overview is presented of the methodological considerations of commonly used concept development strategies and methods within nursing and midwifery.Data SourcesLiterature dating from the inception of concept development in nursing and midwifery.Implications for Nursing and MidwiferyThe robust development of concepts is a vital component in advancing the knowledge base of nursing and midwifery theory and practice. However, the complexity of the concept development literature may serve to exacerbate the challenges of developing a given concept, in particular for the novice researcher.ConclusionThe methodological considerations discussed provides guidance in determining the most appropriate strategy and method of concept development.
The size anomaly in European financial stock returns
Authors: Muns Sander 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLarge financial institutions in Europe earn significantly lower risk‐adjusted returns than their smaller counterparts. This pattern is absent in other industries. We interpret this as evidence of the latent government guarantees that protect large European financial institutions from tail events. Panel regressions suggest that unconditional on distress, the expected guarantees increase with size, leverage, and the government debt‐to‐GDP ratio. These determinants can be associated with a higher likelihood of being involved in a systemic crisis and thus receiving more government guarantees.
Surface engineering of the flexible metallic substrate by SDP‐Gd‐Zr‐O layer for IBAD‐MgO templates
Authors: Chu Jingyuan , Zhao Yue , Jiang Guangyu , Wu Wei , Zhang Zhiwei , Hong Zhiyong , Jin Zhijian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTuning substrate properties is an effective methodology to modulate the texture development of MgO films deposited by ion beam‐assisted deposition (IBAD) process for epitaxial oxide films. Herein, a solution deposition planarization (SDP) technique is employed to deposit Gd‐Zr‐O layer for engineering surface properties of the flexible metal substrate. The correlation between the Gd‐Zr‐O thin film microstructure and the IBAD‐MgO texture is investigated. The coordinated study on atomic force microscopy (AFM) and reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) reveal that the grain coarsening during high‐temperature sintering negatively influences the texture formation of IBAD‐MgO. Moreover, the chemical environment of the atoms on the surface of Gd‐Zr‐O seed layer also plays a critical role, which is normally overlooked. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that the carbon residue and intermediate phase result in the poor texture of the IBAD‐MgO. This phenomenon is related to the partial decomposition and synthesis reactions due to the lower sintering temperature or reduced surface to volume ratio. We demonstrate the high‐quality texture of IBAD‐MgO layer, deposited on mono‐coated thick Gd‐Zr‐O film, by using optimal heat‐treatment conditions. The cross‐sectional TEM images present the dense Gd‐Zr‐O film with Gd2Zr2O7 nanograins. The multifunctionalities, such as planarization, a barrier layer, and seed layer, of Gd‐Zr‐O layers are realized in full‐stacked CeO2/LaMnO3/IBAD‐MgO/SDP‐Gd‐Zr‐O/C276 samples. This work demonstrates a route for simplifying the architecture of 2G‐HTS using Gd‐Zr‐O layer and explores the effect of the surface properties on texture formation in IBAD‐MgO layer.
Prostaglandin E2 increases migration and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells by activating transient receptor potential melastatin 7 channels
Authors: Tian Yafei , Yang Tingting , Yu Shuntai , Liu Cuiyun , He Min , Hu Changlong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent studies showed that both prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) play important roles in migration and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells. In this study, we tested the association between PGE2 and TRPM7. We found that PGE2 increased TRPM7 currents in HEK293 and human glioblastoma A172 cells. The PGE2 EP3 receptor antagonist L‐798106 abrogated the PGE2 stimulatory effect, while EP3 agonist 17‐phenyl trinor prostaglandin E2 (17‐pt‐PGE2) mimicked the effect of PEG2 on TRPM7. The TRPM7 phosphotransferase activity‐deficient mutation, K1646R had no effect on PGE2 induced increase of TRPM7 currents. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) activity by Rp‐cAMP increased TRPM7 currents. TRPM7 PKA phosphorylation site mutation S1269A abolished the PGE2 effect on TRPM7 currents. PGE2 increased both mRNA and membrane protein expression of TRPM7 in A172 cells. Knockdown of TRPM7 by shRNA abrogated the PGE2 stimulated migration and proliferation of A172 cells. Blockage of TRPM7 with 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‐APB) or NS8593 had a similar effect as TRPM7‐shRNA. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PGE2 activates TRPM7 via EP3/PKA signalling pathway, and that PGE2 enhances migration and proliferation of human glioblastoma cells by up‐regulation of the TRPM7 channel.
Madecassoside inhibits estrogen deficiency‐induced osteoporosis by suppressing RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Yao Lingya , Xu Ke , Jin Haiming , Chen Kai , Wang Ziyi , Liu Qian , Cao Zhen , kenny Jacob , Liu Yuhao , Tickner Jennifer , Xu Huazi , Xu Jiake 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOsteoporosis is the most common osteolytic disease characterized by excessive osteoclast formation and resultant bone loss, which afflicts millions of patients around the world. Madecassoside (MA), isolated from Centella asiatica, was reported to have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but its role in osteoporosis treatment has not yet been confirmed. In our study, MA was found to have an inhibitory effect on the RANKL‐induced formation and function of OCs in a dose‐dependent manner without cytotoxicity. These effects were attributed to its ability to suppress the activity of two transcription factors (NFATc1 and c‐Fos) indispensable for osteoclast formation, followed by inhibition of the expression of bone resorption‐related genes and proteins (Acp5/TRAcP, CTSK, ATP6V0D2/V‐ATPase‐d2, and integrin β3). Furthermore, we examined the underlying mechanisms and found that MA represses osteoclastogenesis by blocking Ca2+ oscillations and the NF‐κB and MAPK pathways. In addition, the therapeutic effect of MA on preventing bone loss in vivo was further confirmed in an ovariectomized mouse model. Therefore, considering its ability to inhibit RANKL‐mediated osteoclastogenesis and the underlying mechanisms, MA might be a potential candidate for treating osteolytic bone diseases.
The contrary functions of lncRNA HOTAIR/miR‐17‐5p/PTEN axis and Shenqifuzheng injection on chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Jia Jianguang , Zhan Dankai , Li Jing , Li Zhixiang , Li Hongbo , Qian Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study was implemented to figure out whether lncRNA HOTAIR/miR‐17‐5p/PTEN axis played a role that was opposite to Shenqifuzheng (SQFZ) injection in regulating the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells. The gastric cancer tissues were gathered and four gastric cancer cell lines were prepared, including BGC‐823, MGC‐803, SGC‐7901, and MKN28. Moreover, cisplatin, adriamycin, mitomycin, and 5‐fluoroura were managed as the chemo‐therapeutics, and SQFZ was prepared as a Chinese medicine. Striking distinctions of HOTAIR, miR‐17‐5p, and PTEN expressions were observed between gastric cancer tissues and para‐carcinoma normal tissues (P < 0.05). MKN28 was associated with the highest resistance to cisplatin, adriamycin, mitomycin, and 5‐fluoroura among all the cell types, and SQFZ significantly improved the MKN28 cells’ sensitivity to the drugs (P < 0.05). The over‐expressed HOTAIR and miR‐17‐5p, as well as under‐expressed PTEN tended to significantly facilitate the viability, EMT process and proliferation of MKN28 cells that were subject to treatment of chemo‐therapies (P < 0.05). SQFZ could amplify the effects of si‐HOTAIR, miR‐17‐5p inhibitor, and pcDNA‐PTEN on boosting the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells (P < 0.05). In addition, HOTAIR was also found to directly target miR‐17‐5p, and PTEN appeared to be subject to the modification of HOTAIR and miR‐17‐5p in its acting on the viability, proliferation, EMT process, and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. The HOTAIR/miR‐17‐5p/PTEN axis could be regarded as the potential treatment targets for gastric cancer, and adjuvant therapy of SQFZ injection could assist in further improving the treatment efficacy of chemo‐therapies for gastric cancer.
Preterm birth: high vulnerability and no resiliency? Reflections on van Lieshout et al. (2018)
Authors: Wolke Dieter 
Published: October 2018

Globally, 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks gestation) each year, representing 11% of all live births. In the UK, around 7% of children are born preterm each year and around 15% of all preterm born are born more than 8 weeks early (VPT; very preterm) or below 1,500 g birth weight (VLBW). Prematurity is the major cause of infant mortality despite largely increased survival in recent decades attributable to advances in antenatal and neonatal care. Very and extremely preterm born infants (EPT; <28 weeks gestation) often spend many weeks and months in neonatal care before discharge.
Herbivores and plant defences affect selection on plant reproductive traits more strongly than pollinators
Authors: Santangelo James S. , Thompson Ken A. , Johnson Marc T. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPollinators and herbivores can both affect the evolutionary diversification of plant reproductive traits. However, plant defences frequently alter antagonistic and mutualistic interactions, and therefore, variation in plant defences may alter patterns of herbivore‐ and pollinator‐mediated selection on plant traits. We tested this hypothesis by conducting a common garden field experiment using 50 clonal genotypes of white clover (Trifolium repens) that varied in a Mendelian‐inherited chemical antiherbivore defence—the production of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). To evaluate whether plant defences alter herbivore‐ and/or pollinator‐mediated selection, we factorially crossed chemical defence (25 cyanogenic and 25 acyanogenic genotypes), herbivore damage (herbivore suppression) and pollination (hand pollination). We found that herbivores weakened selection for increased inflorescence production, suggesting that large displays are costly in the presence of herbivores. In addition, herbivores weakened selection on flower size but only among acyanogenic plants, suggesting that plant defences reduce the strength of herbivore‐mediated selection. Pollinators did not independently affect selection on any trait, although pollinators weakened selection for later flowering among cyanogenic plants. Overall, cyanogenic plant defences consistently increased the strength of positive directional selection on reproductive traits. Herbivores and pollinators both strengthened and weakened the strength of selection on reproductive traits, although herbivores imposed ~2.7× stronger selection than pollinators across all traits. Contrary to the view that pollinators are the most important agents of selection on reproductive traits, our data show that selection on reproductive traits is driven primarily by variation in herbivory and plant defences in this system.
“Planting the Seed”: Perceived Benefits of and Strategies for Discussing Long‐Term Prognosis with Older Adults
Authors: Moré Jayaji M. , Lang‐Brown Sean , Romo Rafael D. , Lee Sei J. , Sudore Rebecca , Smith Alexander K. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo characterize the goals and approaches of clinicians with experience discussing long‐term prognostic information with older adults.DesignWe used a semistructured interview guide containing 2 domains of perceived benefits and strategies to explore why and how clinicians choose to discuss long‐term prognosis, defined as life expectancy on the scale of years, with patients.SettingClinicians from home‐based primary care practices, community‐based clinics, and academic medical centers across San Francisco.ParticipantsFourteen physicians, including 11 geriatricians and 1 geriatric nurse practitioner, with a mean age of 40 and a mean 9 years in practice.MeasurementsClinician responses were analyzed qualitatively using the constant comparisons approach.ResultsPerceived benefits of discussing long‐term prognosis included establishing realistic expectations for patients, encouraging conversations about future planning, and promoting shared decision‐making through understanding of patient goals of care. Communication strategies included adapting discussions to individual patient preferences and engaging in multiple conversations over time. Clinicians preferred to communicate prognosis in words and with a visual aid, although most did not know of a suitable visual aid.ConclusionEngaging in customized longitudinal discussions of long‐term prognosis aids clinicians in anchoring conversations about future planning and preparing patients for the end of life. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2367–2371, 2018.
The Five‐Star Skilled Nursing Facility Rating System and Care of Disadvantaged Populations
Authors: Zuckerman Rachael B. , Wu Shannon , Chen Lena M. , Joynt Maddox Karen E. , Sheingold Steven H. , Epstein Arnold M. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo examine characteristics and locations of high‐ and low‐quality skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and whether certain vulnerable individuals were differentially discharged to facilities with lower quality ratings.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingMedicare‐certified SNFs providing postacute care.ParticipantsSNF stays (N=1,195,166) of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older admitted to 14,033 SNFs within 2 days of hospital discharge.MeasurementsWe used Medicare claims from October 2013 to September 2014 and SNF 5‐star ratings published on Nursing Home Compare. We describe the characteristics and populations of facilities according to quality, and the location of low (1 star) and high (5 stars) quality facilities. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds of admission to a low‐quality facility after hospital discharge according to race, ethnicity, dual Medicare–Medicaid enrollment, functional status, discharge from a safety‐net or low‐quality hospital, and residence in a county with more low‐quality SNFs.ResultsMore than one‐fifth (22.2%) of the facilities had a 5‐star (high quality) rating, and 15.9% had a one‐star (low quality) rating. Low‐quality facilities were more likely to be in the south (44%), for profit (85%), and larger (>70 beds (86%)). Dual enrollment was the strongest predictor of admission to a 1‐star facility (odds ratio (OR) = 1.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.51–1.55), although racial or ethnic minority status (black: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.22–1.28; Hispanic: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06–1.14) and geographic prevalence of facilities (for a 10% increase in 1‐star beds located in the county of individual's residence: OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.26–1.27) were also significant predictors.ConclusionVulnerable groups are more likely to be discharged to lower‐quality facilities for postacute care. Policy‐makers should monitor disparities in SNF quality. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:108–114, 2019.
A cross sectional study to evaluate the oral health status of children with intellectual disabilities in the National Capital Region of India (Delhi‐NCR)
Authors: Makkar A. , Indushekar K. R. , Saraf B. G. , Sardana D. , Sheoran N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildren with intellectual disabilities (ID) have usually been reported to have poorer levels of oral hygiene and higher prevalence of dental caries than their compeers. The present study was conducted to assess the status of dental caries and oral hygiene in different categories of institutionalised children with ID (syndromic and non‐syndromic) registered in various special schools of Delhi (National Capital Region, India).MethodsThe present cross sectional study was conducted on 269 children [52 with cerebral palsy (CP), 35 with Down syndrome (DS), 30 with autism and 152 with non‐syndromic intellectual disability] attending nine special schools who were examined for dental caries [Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index for permanent teeth (DMFT); decayed, missing/indicated for extraction, filled index for primary teeth (dmft) and prevalence of caries] and oral hygiene status [Oral Hygiene Index‐simplified (OHI‐S)]. The levels of disability were classified according to Stanford Binet scale as severe (IQ ≤ 35), moderate (IQ = 36–51) and mild (IQ = 52–67). Statistical analysis was performed using one way analysis of variance and post hoc test to compare the levels between groups at a significance level of P < 0.05.ResultsMean DMFT, dmft and OHI‐S indices scores for all the children irrespective of the category and the level of ID were 2.12 ± 1.95, 0.97 ± 1.60 and 2.05 ± 1.07, respectively. As the level of ID increased among these children, the mean DMFT index and OHI‐S index increased with no significant effect on dmft. However, children with severe ID had higher OHI‐S and DMFT scores than children with mild or moderate ID. The dental caries prevalence was 86.53%, 68.57%, 76% and 86.18% in children with CP, DS, autism and non‐syndromic intellectual disability, respectively.ConclusionsThe level of caries in permanent teeth and oral hygiene deteriorated with the increasing severity of ID as indicated by DMFT and OHI‐S scores (severe > mild, moderate). However, the level of caries (dmft) was not affected by the level of ID in primary dentition. The prevalence of dental caries was highest among children with CP and least among children with DS.
In vivo molecular imaging of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Chaney Aisling , Williams Steve R. , Boutin Herve 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt has become increasingly evident that neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Increased glial cell activation is consistently reported in both rodent models of AD and in AD patients. Moreover, recent genome wide association studies have revealed multiple genes associated with inflammation and immunity are significantly associated with an increased risk of AD development (e.g. TREM2). Non‐invasive in vivo detection and tracking of neuroinflammation is necessary to enhance our understanding of the contribution of neuroinflammation to the initiation and progression of AD. Importantly, accurate methods of quantifying neuroinflammation may aid early diagnosis and serve as an output for therapeutic monitoring and disease management. This review details current in vivo imaging biomarkers of neuroinflammation being explored and summarizes both pre‐clinical and clinical results from molecular imaging studies investigating the role of neuroinflammation in AD, with a focus on positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
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Are All Private Benefits of Control Ineffective? Principal–Principal Benefits, External Governance Quality, and Firm Performance
Authors: Sauerwald Steve , Heugens Pursey P. M. A. R. , Turturea Roxana , van Essen Marc 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPrivate benefits of control (PBC) are benefits that controlling shareholders consume, but that are not shared with minority shareholders. Research focusing on the value protection role of corporate governance typically frames PBC as principal–principal (PP) agency costs, and interprets them as a form of minority shareholder expropriation that decreases firm performance. Taking a value creation perspective of corporate governance, however, we propose a more nuanced role for PBC. Specifically, we see them also as PP agency benefits that compensate controlling shareholders for their monitoring and advisory services, which can increase firm performance. Since both PP costs and benefits affect firm performance, we theorize that PBC enhance firm performance at a diminishing rate. Furthermore, we show that the effect of PBC on firm performance is more positive when country‐level external governance mechanisms are strong.
Effects of Mentally Subtracting Positive Events on Affective Status in Japanese College Students
Authors: Hatori Kenji , Ishimura Ikuo , Kodama Masahiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study examined the effect on positive and negative emotions in Japanese college students of mentally subtracting grateful events. Participants (N = 62) were randomly assigned to one of the following three conditions: (a) writing with surprise the ways that a positive thing or event might never have happened or might never have been part of life (the mentally subtracting a present good [MS] group), (b) writing without surprise the ways in which a positive thing or event happened easily or was certain to become a part of life (the counting gratitude group), and (c) no writing control. The results of analysis of variance showed that the MS group experienced significantly increased positive emotion and decreased negative emotion between pre‐test and post‐test. Furthermore, the MS group showed significantly greater positive emotion than the control group at post‐test. Surprise mediated the effects of the MS group intervention on positive emotion but not on negative emotion. Issues related to gratitude induction and mediation of surprise are discussed.