bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measurements Before and After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Iester Michele , De Feo Fabio , Bricola Graziano , Papadia Marina , Venturino GianMaria , Traverso Carlo E. , Calabria Giovanni 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To determine whether the nerve fiber analyzer GDx with the new variable corneal compensation (VCC) device allows measurements of retinal nerve fiber layer parameters independent from birefringence changes of the cornea after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods
Retinal nerve fiber layers of 32 eyes in 32 myopic patients undergoing PRK were analyzed using the GDx-VCC. Photorefractive keratectomy was performed using a NIDEK EC-5000 excimer laser. Measurements were obtained before and after PRK without dilating the pupil. To evaluate birefringence changes, GDx-VCC macular images also were taken before and after PRK.

Results

After PRK, superior and inferior ratios, superior/nasal max modulation, and temporal-superiornasal-inferior-temporal average changed significantly (
P
<.001) when corneal birefringence correction was not applied. When corneal birefringence correction was applied, only temporal-superior-nasal-inferior-temporal average and superior maximum improved significantly. Furthermore, a comparison of the postoperative data without polarization correction to the data with corrected corneal polarization demonstrated significant changes in superior ratio (
P
=.004), superior/nasal (
P
<.001), ellipse modulation (
P
=.007), and temporal-superiornasal-inferior-temporal standard deviation (
P
=.009).

Conclusions

Our results show the VCC algorithm is able to compensate for most of the changes in corneal birefringence induced by corneal refractive surgery if the polarization has been re-calculated. Because mild changes in GDx parameters could affect the interpretation of the results in some patients, a new postoperative baseline macular image should be acquired. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:639–644.]
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Following LASIK for Hyperopia
Authors: Lim Marcus C.C. , Chan Tat-Keong 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To report a case of central serous chorioretinopathy after unilateral LASIK for hyperopia.

Methods
A 50-year-old Chinese man underwent unilateral hyperopic LASIK in the right eye. One week postoperatively, he complained of poor vision. The working diagnosis 5 weeks postoperatively was hyperopic refractive surprise. Visual quality worsened over 5 months at which time a dilated fundus examination revealed central serous chorioretinopathy.

Results
Focal argon laser was performed, and visual acuity subsequently improved.

Conclusions

Dilated fundus examination is helpful in revealing subtle retinal pathology that may be the cause of unexplained poor visual acuity following refractive surgery. [
J Refract
Surg. 2008;24:651–652.]
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Corneal Epithelial Flaps Following Removal Using Mechanical Scraping, Alcohol, and Epikeratome Techniques
Authors: Choi Chul Young , Kim Jae Yong , Kim Myoung Joon , Tchah Hungwon 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To evaluate various methods of surface ablation by comparing the integrity of basal epithelial cells and the basement membrane using transmission electron microscopy.

Methods
Corneal epithelial flaps were created using four approaches: mechanical removal (using a blunt spatula after application of 0.5% proparacaine, mechanical group); conventional LASEK (after application of 20% alcohol for 20 seconds, LASEK group); epi-LASIK using PMMA separator (PMMA separator group); or epi-LASIK using metal separator (metal separator group). Each group comprised epithelial sheets taken from five eyes of five patients. The sheets were immediately fixed in glutaraldehyde following removal. The flaps were examined using both light and transmission electron microscopy by three independent observers blinded to the creation methods, who assessed the adherence and integrity of the basement membrane to the basal epithelial layer.

Results
In the mechanical and PMMA separator groups, >70% of flap areas had an intact basement membrane and normal basal cell integrity. Such integrity was present in <30% of the flap areas in the LASEK group, and in 30% to 70% of the flap areas in the metal separator group. Different epikeratomes caused different amounts of damage.

Conclusions

Mechanical scraping and epi-LASIK were superior to LASEK in terms of preservation of the epithelial basement membrane and basal epithelial cells. Preservation ratio may differ depending on the type of epikeratome used. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:667–670.]
Association Between Ocular Dominance and Refraction
Authors: Eser Ilker , Durrie Daniel S. , Schwendeman Frank , Stahl Jason E. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To investigate the association between ocular dominance and refraction.

Methods
A retrospective study of the cycloplegic refraction of 2453 consecutive patients with a mean age of 46±12 years (range: 18 to 79 years) was performed. One thousand one hundred fifty-seven (47%) patients were men and 1296 (53%) were women. Patients who had previous eye surgery, ocular disease, or >2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) difference between eyes were excluded. Motor ocular dominance was determined using the hole-in-the-card test.

Results
The right and left eyes were dominant in 67% (1650) and 33% (803) of patients, respectively. Males had a higher right eye dominance (70%) than females (65%) (P=.0168) with a mean cycloplegic spherical equivalent refracton (SE) of −2.12 diopters (D) and −2.38 D, respectively. This higher rate of right eye dominance in males was seen at all levels of SE refractive error. Mean BSCVA was 20/19 in both right and left eyes (P>.05) with a mean SE of −2.25±3.63 D and −2.26±3.66 D in the right and left eyes, respectively. Neither mean SE difference nor BSCVA difference between eyes was found to correlate with motor eye dominance.

Conclusions

Gender appears to be a factor when testing ocular dominance but not SE refractive error. The hole-in-the-card dominance test is a method that is easy to perform for both patients and clinicians. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:685–689.]
Staged Intrastromal Delivery of Riboflavin With UVA Cross-linking in Advanced Bullous Keratopathy: Laboratory Investigation and First Clinical Case
Authors: Krueger Ronald R. , Ramos-Esteban Jerome C. , Kanellopoulos A. John 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of staged ultraviolet A (UVA) cross-linking following intrastromal 0.1% riboflavin administration in eyes with advanced corneal edema.

Methods

Ten eye bank corneas divided in two groups (n=5) were placed on a pressurized artificial anterior chamber following Descemet's membrane stripping. Two consecutive corneal pockets (350- and 150-µm depth) were sequentially created using a femtosecond laser. Sequential intrastromal injections of 0.1% riboflavin (0.2 mL) followed by either UVA irradiation (15 mW/cm
2
) for 7 minutes or exposure to air were performed for each pocket. Corneal clarity and central thickness were measured before and after the two UVA cross-linking steps. The same steps were clinically applied in an 84-year-old woman with bullous keratopathy prior to corneal transplantation and followed for 6 months.

Results

The corneal clarity improved in the treated but not the control eyes. The mean central corneal thickness was significantly reduced by 256 µm (ultrasound,
P
=.0002) and 273 µm (Scheimpflug,
P
=.0004) in treated eyes, but only 100 µm (ultrasound,
P
=.048) and 107 µm (Scheimpflug,
P
=.075) in the control eyes. The clinical treatment of corneal edema showed improved clarity and reduced central corneal thickness from 675 to 550 µm (ultrasound) and 696 to 571 µm (Scheimpflug) at 1 month. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from finger counting to 20/80 at 1 week and beyond, postponing corneal transplantation for >6 months.

Conclusions

Staged UVA cross-linking (15 mW/cm
2
) with femtosecond laser facilitated intrastromal 0.1% riboflavin administration may be a safe (no corneal scarring) and effective (marked reduction of edema) temporizing alternative method for managing bullous keratopathy. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S730–S736.]
Short Chain Aliphatic β-nitro Alcohols for Corneoscleral Cross-linking: Corneal Endothelial Toxicity Studies
Authors: Paik David C. , Wen Quan , Braunstein Richard E. , Trokel Stephen L. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Recent studies suggest that short chain aliphatic β-nitro alcohols can cross-link corneoscleral tissue under physiologic conditions. The present study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic threshold for these agents in vitro and to draw comparisons to commonly used topical ophthalmic agents.

Methods
Primary cultures of bovine corneal endothelial cells were grown to confluence in 24- and 96-well plates using standard protocol. The cells were exposed to three β-nitro alcohols, 2-nitroethanol, 2-nitro-1-propanol, and 3-nitro-2-pentanol in a range of concentrations from 0.1 to 10 mM. After a 48-hour exposure, cell necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated using trypan blue, propidium iodide, and annexin V staining. In addition, a review of the ophthalmic literature was conducted to derive comparisons with agents commonly used in clinical practice.

Results
An all-or-none response was observed for each compound. Positive staining with trypan blue, propidium iodide, and annexin V occurred at identical concentrations. The most toxic of the group was 2-nitro-1-propanol. The cytotoxic level for 2-nitroethanol, 2-nitro-1-propanol, and 3-nitro-2-pentanol was 3 mM (0.0273%), 1 mM (0.0105%), and 3 mM (0.0399%), respectively. Furthermore, by comparison with several agents used in ophthalmic practice such as fluoroquinolone antibiotics, anti-proliferative agents, and benzalkonium chloride, the β-nitro alcohols exhibit less toxicity in vitro.

Conclusions

Short chain aliphatic β-nitro alcohols exhibit favorable in vitro toxicity thresholds. The result of this study encourages further evaluation of these compounds as potential pharmacologic topical stiffening agents for corneoscleral disorders. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S741–S747.]
Comparative Study of Riboflavin-UVA Cross-linking and “Flash-linking” Using Surface Wave Elastometry
Authors: Rocha Karolinne Maia , Ramos-Esteban Jerome C. , Qian Ying , Herekar Satish , Krueger Ronald R. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
To investigate comparative stiffness values in porcine corneas after standard cross-linking and a new, rapid method of cross-linking (flash-linking) using surface wave elastometry.

Methods

Ten porcine eyes were treated using an ultraviolet A (UVA) double diode light source with a wavelength of 370 nm and delivering an irradiance of 4.2 mW/cm
2
at a distance of 1.2 cm while applying 0.1% riboflavin-5-phosphate drops to the central cornea every 5 minutes as a photosensitizer for 30 minutes (riboflavin-UVA group). The next 10 porcine corneas were treated with a single application of a customized photoactive cross-linking agent and 30 seconds of UVA light at the same power and wavelength (flash-linking group). Following treatment, the Sonic Eye system (PriaVision Inc) was used to measure ultrasound surface wave propagation time between two fixed-distance transducers applied to the cornea along central horizontal and vertical positions. Intraocular pressure was continuously monitored.

Results

Mean surface wave velocity was determined from the last 5 of 10 sequential measurements for each eye, and was 90.87±15.26 m/s for all eyes with a mean standard deviation (SD) of 2.34 m/s among each eye in the riboflavin-UVA group versus 83.66±12.30 m/s with a mean SD of 2.69 m/s among each eye in the flash-linking group before treatment and 109.2±21.76 m/s with a mean SD of 2.15 m/s among each eye (riboflavin-UVA group) versus 109.2±18.42 m/s with a mean SD of 2.26 m/s among each eye (flash-linking group) after cross-linking. The mean surface wave velocity increased by 18.3 units from 90.87 to 109.2 m/s (
P
=.003) after cross-linking with riboflavin-UVA, and by 25.5 m/s from 83.66 to 109.2 m/s (
P
=.0001) after flash-linking. Surface wave velocity was noted to increase after both cross-linking techniques, but the differences observed did not reach statistical significance (
P
=.74).

Conclusions

A new, rapid method of cross-linking (flash-linking) is introduced by the use of a customized photoactive cross-linking agent. The method demonstrates similar efficacy in stiffening the cornea (when measured with surface wave elastometry) in comparison to standard cross-linking, but requires only 30 seconds of UVA exposure. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S748–S751.]
Favoriser les apprentissages lexicaux dans les écoles isolées : la discussion lexicale à distance au cycle 3 (9-11 ans)
Authors: Sardier Anne 
Published: April 2019

La présente contribution rend compte d'une étude intitulée "Écoles éloignées en réseau (EER)", menée dans le département du Cantal (Auvergne, France). Nous prenons pour cadre la didactique du lexique et nous interrogeons les effets des discussions en réseau sur le développement des apprentissages lexicaux dans la langue maternelle d'élèves de 9 à 11 ans. Le rôle des interactions verbales étant peu étudié dans le domaine de l'enseignement-apprentissage du lexique, il nous a semblé intéressant d'adopter cet angle de vue pour aborder les effets de ces discussions sur les apprentissages. Les discussions telles que nous les entendons sont, entre autres, basées sur les structures sémantiques, syntagmatiques et morphologiques du lexique. Elles prennent aussi en compte les caractéristiques spécifiques des discussions à distance (Develotte, Kern & Lamy, 2011). Un dispositif comparatif est déployé sur la base du caractère distanciel ou non de ce que nous nommons les "discussions lexicales". Les résultats de l'étude tendent à montrer les effets bénéfiques de ces discussions sur les apprentissages ; en outre, ils révèlent aussi des similitudes entre les échanges se déroulant à distance ou en présence, tout en confirmant en parallèle des différences importantes quant au déroulé des deux types de discussions (distance vs présence).
Quand l’œuvre d’art engendre l’écriture, ou l’obsession des « yeux de musées » dans Monsieur de Phocas de Jean Lorrain
Authors: Noir Pascal 
Published: April 2019

Ce chapitre se penche sur les descriptions d’œuvres d’art (de Goya, Antonio Moro, James Ensor, Gustave Moreau, etc.) dans Monsieur de Phocas de Jean Lorrain. L’auteur de ce journal intime fictif, le duc de Fréneuse, alias Monsieur de Phocas, est obsédé par les regards peints ou marmoréens et hanté par la perversité et la mort. Au fil des pages, il consigne sa fascination et ses souffrances en des notations à la fois euphoriques et doloristes. Ses descriptions d’œuvres (ekphraseis) embraient la fiction sous l’effet de la pulsion scopique. Miroirs du narrateur, les œuvres d’art pallient la représentation de l’invisible, et le regard, quand bien même il peut susciter le plaisir, provoque surtout la jouissance morbide d’une réalité redoutée : l’angoisse de la mort.
L’œil théâtral, entre dialectique du regard et éloquence du silence
Authors: Smadja Isabelle 
Published: April 2019

Les dramaturges contemporains questionnent fréquemment le regard que l’acteur jette sur celui du spectateur, inscrivant, au cœur de leur écriture, le caractère plus ou moins insoutenable de cet œil. Leur perception du regard recoupe l’analyse de L’Être et le Néant où Sartre considère le regard comme le mode privilégié de la relation aux autres. Mais en fondant son analyse sur une dissymétrie entre, d’une part, celui qui est regardé silencieusement, aliéné par ce jugement, pour lui inconnaissable, qu’on porte sur lui, et, d’autre part, celui qui regarde, pensé comme un juge en fonction, Sartre ne décrit-il pas la situation théâtrale qui confronte l’acteur à un public l’évaluant silencieusement, plus que la condition humaine ordinaire ? L’analyse d’un corpus varié de pièces de dramaturges contemporains, où les personnages sont pris dans des rapports de bourreaux à victimes, permet de répondre à cette question.
The Shifted Turán Sieve Method on Tournaments
Authors: Kuo Wentang , Liu Yu-Ru , Ribas Sávio , Zhou Kevin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe construct a shifted version of the Turán sieve method developed by R. Murty and the second author and apply it to counting problems on tournaments. More precisely, we obtain upper bounds for the number of tournaments which contain a fixed number of restricted $r$-cycles. These are the first concrete results which count the number of cycles over “all tournaments”.
Copy number variation (CNV) in the &lt;i&gt;IGF1R&lt;/i&gt; gene across four cattle breeds and its association with economic traits
Authors: Ma Yi-Lei , Wen Yi-Fan , Cao Xiu-Kai , Cheng Jie , Huang Yong-Zhen , Ma Yun , Hu Lin-Yong , Lei Chu-Zhao , Qi Xing-Lei , Cao Hui , Chen Hong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) plays a vital role in
immunomodulation and muscle and bone growth. The copy number variation (CNV) is
believed to the reason for many complex phenotypic variations. In
this paper, we statistically analyzed the copy number and the expression
profiling in different tissue types of the IGF1R gene using the
422 samples from four Chinese beef cattle breeds, and the mRNA of
IGF1R was widely expressed in nine tissue types of adult cattle (heart,
liver, kidney, muscle, fat, stomach, spleen, lung and testis). Results of CNV and growth traits indicated that the IGF1R CNV
was significantly associated with body weight and body height of Jinnan (JN)
cattle and was significantly associated with body height and hucklebone width
of Qinchuan (QC) cattle, making IGF1R CNV a promising molecular
marker to improve meat production in beef cattle breeding. Bioinformatics
predictions show that the CNV region is highly similar to the human genome,
and there are a large number of transcription factors, DNase I hypersensitive
sites, and high levels of histone acetylation, suggesting that this region may
play a role in transcriptional regulation, providing directions for further
study of the role of bovine CNV and economic traits.
Revised records of atmospheric trace gases CO2, CH4, N2O, and δ13C-CO2 over the last 2000 years from Law Dome, Antarctica
Authors: Rubino Mauro , Etheridge David M. , Thornton David P. , Howden Russell , Allison Colin E. , Francey Roger J. , Langenfelds Ray L. , Steele L. Paul , Trudinger Cathy M. , Spencer Darren A. , Curran Mark A. J. , van Ommen Tas D. , Smith Andrew M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Ice core records of the major atmospheric greenhouse
gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) and their isotopologues covering recent
centuries provide evidence of biogeochemical variations during the
Late Holocene and pre-industrial periods and over the transition to the
industrial period. These records come from a number of ice core and firn air
sites and have been measured in several laboratories around the world and
show common features but also unresolved differences. Here we present
revised records, including new measurements, performed at the CSIRO Ice Core
Extraction LABoratory (ICELAB) on air samples from ice obtained at the high-accumulation site of Law Dome (East Antarctica). We are motivated by the
increasing use of the records by the scientific community and by recent
data-handling developments at CSIRO ICELAB. A number of cores and firn air
samples have been collected at Law Dome to provide high-resolution records
overlapping recent, direct atmospheric observations. The records have been
updated through a dynamic link to the calibration scales used in the Global
Atmospheric Sampling LABoratory (GASLAB) at CSIRO, which are periodically
revised with information from the latest calibration experiments. The
gas-age scales have been revised based on new ice-age scales and the
information derived from a new version of the CSIRO firn diffusion model.
Additionally, the records have been revised with new, rule-based selection
criteria and updated corrections for biases associated with the extraction
procedure and the effects of gravity and diffusion in the firn. All
measurements carried out in ICELAB–GASLAB over the last 25 years are now
managed through a database (the ICElab dataBASE or ICEBASE), which provides
consistent data management, automatic corrections and selection of
measurements, and a web-based user interface for data extraction. We present
the new records, discuss their strengths and limitations, and summarise their
main features. The records reveal changes in the carbon cycle and
atmospheric chemistry over the last 2 millennia, including the major
changes of the anthropogenic era and the smaller, mainly natural variations
beforehand. They provide the historical data to calibrate and test the next
inter-comparison of models used to predict future climate change (Coupled
Model Inter-comparison Project – phase 6, CMIP6). The datasets described in
this paper, including spline fits, are available at https://doi.org/10.25919/5bfe29ff807fb (Rubino et al., 2019).
HOMMEXX 1.0: a performance-portable atmospheric dynamical core for the Energy Exascale Earth System Model
Authors: Bertagna Luca , Deakin Michael , Guba Oksana , Sunderland Daniel , Bradley Andrew M. , Tezaur Irina K. , Taylor Mark A. , Salinger Andrew G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We present an architecture-portable and
performant implementation of the atmospheric dynamical core (High-Order
Methods Modeling Environment, HOMME) of the Energy Exascale Earth System
Model (E3SM). The original Fortran implementation is highly performant and
scalable on conventional architectures using the Message Passing Interface
(MPI) and Open MultiProcessor (OpenMP) programming models.
We rewrite the model in C++ and use the Kokkos library to
express on-node parallelism in a largely architecture-independent
implementation. Kokkos provides an abstraction of a compute node or device,
layout-polymorphic multidimensional arrays, and parallel execution
constructs. The new implementation achieves the same or better performance on
conventional multicore computers and is portable to GPUs. We present
performance data for the original and new implementations on multiple
platforms, on up to 5400 compute nodes, and study several aspects of the
single- and multi-node performance characteristics of the new implementation
on conventional CPU (e.g., Intel Xeon), many core CPU (e.g., Intel Xeon Phi Knights Landing),
and Nvidia V100 GPU.