bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDI FENOMENOLOGI: DUKUNGAN PADA IBU DALAM PERAWATAN BAYI PREMATUR DI RUANG RAWAT INTENSIF NEONATUS
Authors: Yugistyowati Anafrin 
Published: February 2019

Background: The premature birth of infants is a process that leads to physical unpreparedness, sources of stress, and traumatize effects for the parents. Mostly mothers showed unpleasant memories that interfered the parents’ ability to take care of their premature baby.
Objective: This study aimed to obtain in-depth understanding of mother’s support in neonatal intensive care ward.
Methods: This is a qualitative research using phenomenology approach involving eight participants. Data were collected through in-depth interview using data recording, interview protocol, and field note. Colaizzi method was used to analyse data.
Results: Two research themes were gained from data analysis, the source and the type of support for mother with premature infants’ care.
Conclusion: This study recommends for nurses to assist parents by discussing any problems and to facilitate bonding mother and baby through implementation continuum of discharge planning.

Keywords: Care for Premature Infants, Neonatal Intensive Care Ward, Supporting Mothers
Profile of Hypertensive Retinopathy in a Tertiary Centre in Western Nepal
Authors: Pun CB , Tuladhar S 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The present study was done to find out prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy among patients attending in OPD in GMC.
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was performed among 200 hypertensive patients visiting eye OPD from Dec 2016 to Dec 2017. Detailed eye examination including fundus evaluation under mydriasis was done on all subjects and hypertensive retinopathy was graded according to Keith, Wagner and Barker classification by ophthalmologist using 90 dioptre lens. Patient having diabetes and other retinal diseases were excluded from the study. Data analysis was done using spss software.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 60.58 ±12.26 standard deviation. In our study 56.5% patients had hypertensive retinopathy. Of which 31% had grade I, 19% had grade II, 6% had grade III and 0.5% had grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. The ratio of hypertensive retinopathy among male and female was 1.7:1.
Conclusion: Hypertensive retinopathy is common among hypertensives and males are more prone to retinopathy than females.
Correlation of Ultrasound Parameters with Serum Creatinine in Renal Parenchymal Disease
Authors: Khadka H. , Shrestha B , Sharma S , Shrestha A , Regmi S , Ismail A , Thapa G , Pathak S 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common cause of renal failure. It involves a progressive loss in the structure and function of the kidneys over the course of months, with or without decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CKD can be diagnosed by its pathological abnormalities, changes in the levels of renal function markers in the blood or urine, or by imaging investigations (E.g. USG etc).
Objectives: The purpose of our study is 1) To correlate renal echogenicity with serum creatinine in order to determine the significance of renal echogenicity for identifying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and for the sonographic grading of CKD, 2) To study association of blood pressure, renal cortical cysts and renal size with grade of chronic renal disease.
Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was carried out at National Kidney Centre, Banasthali Kathmandu. Two hundred patients above 20 years, diagnosed with CKD according to the guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation and referred for USG, were included in the study. Patients with kidney transplant, on dialysis, with liver disease and renal tumors were excluded. Ultrasound of kidneys was performed by senior consultant radiologist who was blind to the patients’ serum creatinine levels. The relationship between grade of CKD with serum creatinine, kidney size, blood pressure and cortical cysts were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal wallis test using SPSS version 17. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean serum creatinine was 1.7 mg/dl for Grade 1 (range: 1.1- 4.7 mg/dl, STD 0.44), 2.38 mg/dl for Grade 2 (range: 1.8-3.9 mg/dl STD 0.40), 4.18 mg/dl for Grade 3 (range: 2.6-6.0 mg/dl, STD 0.88), and 5.65 mg/dl for Grade 4 (range: 3.1-12 mg/dl, STD 2.0.
Conclusion: Renal echogenicity and its grading correlates better with serum creatinine in CKD than other sonographic parameters. Hence, renal echogenicity is a better parameter than serum creatinine for estimating renal function in CKD, and has the added advantage of irreversibility.
Diversity of Insecticidal Crystal proteins (ICPs) of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis strains
Authors: G.C. Ganga , Arjya Charu , Khadka Yamuna , Dhamala Sabina 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize the indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolated from the soil samples of central development region of Terai.
Methods: A total of 50 soil samples collected from cultivated and barren fields of Terai region. Isolation was carried out using the acetate selection protocol as described by (Russell and Al 1987) with a slight modification. The Nutrient broth (NB) was acetated by using 0.25M sodium acetate which is a selective enrichment method for isolation of Bt. Characterization of the isolate was done by phenotyping methods (microscopy and biochemical).
Results: No distinct variation was observed between the isolates of cultivable and uncultivable lands. Bt were categorized into7 different types based on colony morphology. The dominant colony was fried egg type identical with the reference strain, followed by flat white type of colony. The result showed that even though the colony morphology is same but the ICPs (Insecticidal crystal proteins) shapes produced by them vary, rod shapes (53.57%), spherical (10.71%), ovoid (8.3%), amorphous (17.85%), capheaded (9.5%). ICPs morphology reveal the cry1, cry2, cry3, cry4, cry8, cry 9, cry10 and cry11 types of gene may be present in the native isolates.
Conclusion: This study represents the first report of several indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis strains with significantly different ICPs producing stains from hot tropical climate.
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wound Infections
Authors: Shrestha Jyoti , Prajapati Krishan Govinda , Panta Om Prakash , Poudel Pramod , Khanal Santosh 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates from wound infections.
Methods: A total of 706 wound specimens including pus and wound swab were analyzed in the laboratory of B and B Hospital, Lalitpur from May to October 2014. The specimens were cultured on Blood Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Strains resistant to cefoxitin (30mcg) with inhibition zone ≤ 21mm were identified as MRSA.
Results: Out of 366 bacterial isolates, 90 (24.6%) were S. aureus and among them 16.7% were MRSA and 54.4% multi-drug resistant (MDR). All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and most of the isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin (83.3%). High rate of resistance was observed towards penicillin (98.9%) and ampicillin (86.7%). All MRSA isolates and 52.9% of methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were MDR.
Conclusion: MRSA incidence is increasing in the population, and therapeutic measures are few and accompanied by diverse side effects. It is noteworthy to state that vancomycin is still the first line drug although vancomycin-resistant strains have been reported.
In vitro Antibacterial Effect of Medicinal Plants Against Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria
Authors: Thapa Bishnu , Singh Anjana , Tuladhar Reshma 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: The aim of this work was to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of herbal plants against the Multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples.
Methods: Gram negative bacteria isolated from various clinical samples were processed for antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and MDR bacteria were selected. Methanol extracts of six different medicinal plants Acorus calamus (bojho), Ocimum sanctum (tulsi), Azadirachta indica (neem), Cinnamomum tamala (tejpatta), Aloe vera and Zanthoxylum alatum (timur), were tested for antibacterial activity against the selected MDR bacteria by agar well diffusion method.
Results: From clinical samples, 8 different MDR Gram negative bacteria isolated were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. with E. coli dominated the number. Out of six medicinal plants extracts, Z. alatum, C. tamala and Ocimum sanctum were found to be effective with zones of inhibition ranging from 9-13 mm. The medicinal plants with antibacterial activity can be an alternative source of medicine against MDR Gram negative bacteria.
Conclusion: Several herbal plants extracts exhibit antibacterial activity against MDR Gram negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity of plant extracts can vary with type of plant and extraction methods. Thus, for optimal benefit of plant extract, an appropriate extraction method and use of purified product is essential.
Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Public Transportation of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Angbuhang Kkadga Bikram , Neupane Mukesh , Adhikari Aditya , KC Binita , Jha Sabina 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess microbial load and Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from surfaces of public transport vehicle.
Methods: The surfaces of public transport vehicle were sampled by swabbing. A total of 56 samples from 28 different vehicles operating in Kathmandu valley were collected and processed according to the standard methodology. The isolates were identified by culture, biochemical tests and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI 2013 guidelines. Methicillin resistant species of Staphylococcus were detected by the virtue of cefoxitin resistance.
Results: All 56 samples from the 28 different vehicles were found to have bacterial growth with average bacterial load of 2.47±1.22 x 105 CFU/cm2. The gas vehicles were found to be the most contaminated. Out of 56 samples, 35 (25.9%) were found to be S. aureus growth positive 11 (31.4%) of them being MRSA.
Conclusion: The high flow of people with different health conditions in public transport makes the exchange of microorganism more significant. High bacterial load along with MRSA indicates the threats of transmission of infection among travellers. This is of a great public health concern as the mass population of different health condition is in direct exposure and is prone to get infected.
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Prevalence and Antibiogram in Various Clinical Specimens at Alka Hospital
Authors: Shahi Kushal , Rijal Komal Raj , Adhikari Nabaraj , Shrestha Upendra Thapa , Banjara Megha Raj , Sharma Vijay K. , Ghimire Prakash 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to study the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from clinical specimen.
Methods: During the study period (April-September, 2013), 754 various clinical samples collected from patients visiting at Alka Hospital were cultured for isolation of S. aureus. The isolates were characterized as S. aureus by their morphology on Gram staining, growth characteristics and coagulase production. Screening of methicillinresistant S. aureus was determined using cefoxitin disk as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. The diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured and interpretation was done in accordance with the CLSI guidelines. An isolate was considered to be a MRSA strain if cefoxitin inhibition zone diameter was < 22 mm. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion methods.
Results: Total 109 (14.46%) isolates were confirmed as S. aureus and 36 (33.02%) S. aureus isolates of them were screened as methicillin resistant S. aureus. Maximum percentage (63.9%) of methicillin resistant S. aureus strains were comprised of pus specimens. Highest percentage (47.6%) of MRSA was isolated from the age group of above 60 years. Maximum percentage of MRSA strain was detected in admitted patients which accounts for 63.9% of total MRSA. Majority of MRSA isolates were observed to be multidrug resistant. All 36 isolates of MRSA showed that vancomycin, a reserved drug for the multidrug resistant MRSA found to be 100% sensitive. Beside vancomycin, ceftriaxone (83.3%) found to be most sensitive drug for the MRSA isolates.
Conclusion: The emergence of drug resistance and its dissemination in MRSA is worrisome. So we need to develop newer agents as well as slow down the spread of resistant strains by various control measures.
Student Experiences in Practice-Based Small Animal Clerkships
Authors: Mandese Wendy , Feng Xiaoying , Behar-Horenstein Linda 
Published: February 2019

Practice-based clerkships provide a way for students to experience the types of cases, clients, and procedures that they can expect to see in a general practice setting. These clerkships are typically quite different from those offered in teaching hospitals. Forty-seven (65.28%) of the 72 invited veterinary medicine students from three cohorts participated in pre- and post-test surveys designed to compare their expectations to their actual experiences. Students reported significant positive changes in terms of adequate supervision, approachability of practitioner, and comfort level when asking questions, as well as seeing different cases than they see at the teaching hospital. Students reported significant negative changes in terms of their ability to interact with clients as much as they expected with respect to the practice of communication skills, history-taking skills, preventative therapy discussions with clients, and treatment. These findings were supported by written survey comments regarding the most and least helpful portions of the clerkship. We suggest further research to study student experiences over time and to survey practitioners before and following placement with veterinary students; the aim would be to obtain more information about the expectations and success of practice-based clerkships.
FARINHA DE CARNE E OSSOS E ADUBAÇÃO DE COBERTURA NA PRODUTIVIDADE DE CAPIM MOMBAÇA
Authors: Leite Rubson da Costa , Silva Rubens Ribeiro da , Leite Robson da Costa , Carneiro Jefferson Santana da Silva , Faria Álvaro José Gomes de , Freitas Gilson Araújo de 
Published: February 2019

Apesar do resíduo de frigorífico ser abundante em nutrientes, em especial elevado teor de fósforo da farinha de carne e ossos, faz necessário a avaliação desse produto em comparação a outras fontes comerciais. Objetivou-se avaliar componentes de produção e produtividade do capim Mombaça em função de diferentes fontes fosfatadas e ausência de adubação de cobertura. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os 36 tratamentos foram obtidos numa combinação fatorial (3x6x2), sendo três fontes de fertilizantes fosfatados (Superfosfato simples, Basifós e Farinha de carne e osso) e seis doses de adubação fosfatada (0; 35; 70; 140; 210; 280) kg ha-1 de P2O5 e a aplicação ou não da adubação de cobertura de nitrogênio e potássio (100 kg de ureia; 60 kg de cloreto de potássio e 0 kg ha-1 de adubação de cobertura). Foram avaliados altura de plantas, perfilhamento e massa seca da parte aérea do capim Mombaça. A fonte alternativa farinha de carne e ossos promoveu acréscimo na altura de plantas, número de perfilhos e massa de forragem em capim Mombaça, mesmo quando comparada com diferentes fontes comerciais.Palavras-chave: adubação, resíduos de frigorífico, Panicum maximum. MEAT AND BONE MEAL AND COVER FERTILIZATION ON MOMBASA GRASS PRODUCTIVITY ABSTRACT: Although the refrigerator residue is abundant in nutrients, in particular high phosphorus content of meat and bone meal, it is necessary to evaluate this product in comparison to other commercial sources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and productivity components of the Mombasa grass as a function of different phosphate sources and absence of cover fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The 36 treatments were obtained in a factorial combination (3x6x2), with three sources of phosphate fertilizers (Superphosphate simple, Basifós and Meat and bone meal) and six doses of phosphate fertilization (0; 35; 70; 140; 210; 280) kg ha-1 of P2O5 and the application or not of nitrogen and potassium fertilization (100 kg of urea, 60 kg of potassium chloride and 0 kg ha-1 of cover fertilization). Plant height, tillering and dry mass of the aerial part of the Mombasa grass were evaluated. The alternative source of meat and bone meal promoted an increase in plant height, number of tillers and forage mass in Mombasa grass, even when compared to different commercial sources.Keywords: fertilizer, slaughterhouse waste, Panicum maximum.
PERDAS DE SOLO E DE ÁGUA EM DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO EM LATOSSOLO VERMELHO
Authors: Santos Stanley Vaz dos , Ferreira Eva de Melo , Griebeler Nori Paulo , Leandro Wilson Mozena 
Published: February 2019

O objetivo foi comparar as perdas de água e solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo, bem como determinar parâmetros de clima e de solo que possam estar associados a essas perdas e estimar perdas de solo por meio de modelos matemáticos. A área experimental consiste em 10 parcelas de 20 m2 (10 × 2 m), das quais nove foram trabalhadas inicialmente no sistema de plantio direto (SPD) e uma utilizada no sistema convencional (CO). Nestes moldes foram quantificadas as perdas de solo e água em diferentes safras. No final do segundo ano, das parcelas com SPD, cinco foram mantidas neste sistema, duas foram revolvidas na profundidade de 25 cm e reiniciadas no SPD e, em duas foi utilizado o sistema CO. Antes da utilização como sistema convencional, a parcela CO possuía plantio direto. Nas três safras estudadas o percentual infiltrado foi superior a 93% para o SPD e a 71% para o CO, considerando apenas as chuvas que propiciaram escoamento. As médias das perdas de solo na segunda safra foram de 2,27; 2,51; 14.61; e 14,79 t ha-1 e, de água, de 3,07; 5,51; 14,04; e 10,80 %, respectivamente para os sistemas de manejo SPD, CO e PDI.Palavras-chave: erosão hídrica, modelos de predição, erosividade. SOIL AND WATER LOSSES IN DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN RED LATOSOL ABSTRACT: The objective was to compare soil and water losses in different management systems, as well as determine soil and climate parameters that could be associated with these losses and estimate soil losses through mathematical models. The experimental area consists of 10 plots of 20 m2 (10 × 2 m), of which nine were initially worked in the no-tillage system (SPD) and one in the conventional system (CO). Soils and water losses in different crops were quantified in these models. At the end of the second year, of the plots with SPD, five were kept in this system, two were revolved at 25 cm depth and restarted in the SPD and in two the CO system was used. Prior to use as a conventional system, the CO plot had no-tillage. In the three harvests studied, the percentage infiltrated was greater than 93% for the SPD and 71% for the CO, considering only the rains that caused the runoff. The average soil loss in the second harvest was 2.27; 2.51; 14.61; and 14.79 t ha-1 and, by water, 3.07; 5.51; 14.04; and 10.80%, respectively for the SPD, CO and PDI management systems.Keywords: hydric erosion, models of prediction, erosivity.
EFEITOS DA CITOCININA BENZILAMINOPURINA NA ESTAQUIA DA PITAIA
Authors: Cruvinel Fábio Ferreira , Vasconcellos Marco Antonio da Silva , Martelleto Luiz Aurélio Perez 
Published: February 2019

O interesse na fruta pitaia tem crescido nos últimos 20 anos e estudos sobre a propagação e uso de fitorreguladores nesta cultura são incipientes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito da aplicação de 6-Benziloaminopurina (BAP) na estaquia da pitaia. O experimento foi conduzido na Casa de Vegetação de Propagação do Departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Em delineamento fatorial inteiramente casualizado (DIC) com 2 formas de inoculação (imersão e Aplicação em corte no ápice da estaca) e 4 doses de BAP (0,50,100 e 150 mg L-1). Foram avaliados os dados de Sobrevivência (S), o Número de brotações Emitidas (NB), a Soma do Comprimento das Brotações (CB), a Massa Fresca (MFB) e Seca das Brotações (MSB) aos 100 dias após o plantio das estacas (DAP) e o efeito na Rebrota aos 200 dias (DAP). Houve sobrevivência de 100%. Verificou-se um padrão linear crescente no incremento de NB por dose de BAP, e um padrão quadrático para as avaliações de CB, MFB e MSB com ponto máximo de 80 mg L-1 de BAP. Nenhum efeito significativo foi observado nos dados da Rebrota.Palavras-chave: Hylocereus undatus, propagação, citocinina. EFFECTS OF CYTOKININ BENZYLAMINOPURINE IN PITAYA CUTTINGS ABSTRACT: The interest in the pitaya has grown in the last 20 years and studies on the dragon fruit propagation and use of phytorregulators are incipient. This work aimed to study the effect of application of 6-Benzyloaminopurine (BAP) on pitaya cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Propagation Vegetation House of the Crop Science Department of the Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro University. In completely randomized factorial design (DIC) with 2 forms of inoculation (immersion and Application in cut at the apex of the stakes) and 4 doses of BAP (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg L-1). The data of Survival (S), Number of sprouted shoots (NB), Sprouting length (CB), Fresh mass (MFB) and Sprout drying (MSB) were evaluated at 100 days after planting the cuttings (DAP) and the effect on regrowth (Rebrota) at 200 days (DAP). There was 100% survival. There was a linear pattern in the increase of NB per dose of BAP, and a quadratic pattern for the evaluations of CB, MFB and MSB with maximum point of 80mg L-1 of BAP. No significant effect was observed in the data from regrowth.Keywords: Hylocereus undatus, propagation, cytokinin.