bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase is posttranslationally regulated in the larvae of the freeze‐tolerant gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis, in response to freezing
Authors: Smolinski Michael B. , Green Stuart R. , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe freeze‐tolerant larvae of the goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) undergo substantial alterations to their molecular physiology during the winter including the production of elevated quantities of glycerol and sorbitol, which function as cryoprotectants to survive whole body freezing. Production of these cryoprotectants depends on cytosolic pools of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate H (NADPH), a major source being the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) mediates the rate‐limiting and committed step of the PPP and therefore its molecular properties were explored in larvae sampled from control versus frozen states. G6PDH was purified from control (5°C) and frozen (−15°C) E. solidaginis larvae by a single‐step chromatography method utilizing 2′,5′‐ADP agarose and analyzed to determine its enzymatic parameters. Studies revealed a decrease in Km for G6P in the frozen animals (to 50% of control values) suggesting an increased flux through the PPP. Immunoblotting of the purified enzyme showed differences in the relative extent of several posttranslational modifications, notably ubiquitination (95% decrease in frozen larvae), cysteine nitrosylation (61% decrease), threonine (4.1 fold increase), and serine phosphorylation (59% decrease). Together these data suggested that the increased flux through the PPP needed to generate NADPH for cryoprotectants synthesis is regulated, at least in part, through posttranslational alterations of G6PDH.
Examining the Motivation of Health Profession Students to Study Human Anatomy
Authors: Abdel Meguid Eiman M. , Smith Claire F. , Meyer Amanda J. 
Published: September 2019

Students' motivation is a vital determinant of academic performance that is influenced by the learning environment. This study aimed to assess and analyze the motivation subscales between different cohorts (chiropractic, dental, medical) of anatomy students (n = 251) and to investigate if these subscales had an effect on the students' anatomy performance. A 31‐item survey, the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire was utilized, covering items on intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation, task value, control of learning belief, self‐efficiency for learning and performance, and test anxiety. First‐year dental students were significantly more anxious than chiropractic students. Second‐year chiropractic students attached more value to anatomy education than second‐year medical students. The outcome of this research demonstrated a significant relationship between first‐ and second‐year chiropractic students between anatomy performance and motivation subscales controlling for gender such as self‐efficacy for learning and performance was (β = 8, CI: 5.18–10.8, P < 0.001) and (β = 6.25, CI: 3.40–9.10, P < 0.001) for first year and second year, respectively. With regards to intrinsic goal orientation, it was (β = 4.02, CI: 1.19–6.86, P = 0.006) and (β = 5.38, CI: 2.32–8.44, P = 0.001) for first year and second year, respectively. For the control of learning beliefs, it was (β = 3.71, 95% CI: 0.18–7.25, P = 0.04) and (β = 3.07, CI: 0.03–6.12, P = 0.048) for first year and second year, respectively. Interventions aimed at improving these motivation subscales in students could boost their anatomy performance.
Adaptive steering‐based HDTC algorithm for PMSM
Authors: Adam Ali Ahmed , Elnady Amr 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces sensorless hysteresis direct torque control for permanent magnet synchronous motors to provide a reduced torque pulsation profile, which leads to a smaller mechanical vibration. The suggested algorithm utilizes the principle of vehicle steering, which continuously fixes the direction of the vehicle in the track. Moreover, the algorithm efficiently employs the output of torque and the output of flux error controllers used in basic hysteresis direct torque control to select two nonzero adjacent vectors. The initial switching time for the selected vectors is determined by a function that considers the absolute magnitude of the torque error and the magnitude of the flux error in addition to the space angle position of the stator flux. To reduce the processing time in the control signal flow, a suggested structure for switching the initial time of the selected vectors is developed. The final switching time of the vectors is adaptively adjusted according to the minimum required stator voltage to drive the load and according to the stored rotor energy that arises due to the inertia of the mechanical load connected to the motor shaft. The simulation results along with the experimental results show a fast dynamic response of torque, relatively reduced torque ripples, and reduced current harmonics compared to the basic hysteresis direct torque control.
Scale‐up of a Type I secretion system in E. coli using a defined mineral medium
Authors: Ihling Nina , Uhde Andreas , Scholz Romy , Schwarz Christian , Schmitt Lutz , Büchs Jochen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSecretion of heterologous proteins into the culture supernatant in laboratory strains of Escherichia coli is possible by utilizing a Type I secretion system (T1SS). One prominent example for a T1SS is based on the hemolysin A toxin. With this system, heterologous protein secretion has already been achieved. However, no cultivations in a defined mineral medium and in stirred tank bioreactors have been described in literature up to now, hampering the broad applicability of the system. In this study, a mineral medium was developed for cultivation under defined conditions. With this medium, the full potential and advantage of a secretion system in E. coli (low secretion of host proteins, no contamination with proteins from complex media compounds) can now be exploited. Additionally, quantification of the protein amount in the supernatant was demonstrated by application of the Bradford assay. In this work, host cell behavior was described in small scale by online monitoring of the oxygen transfer rate. Scalability was demonstrated by stirred tank fermentation yielding 540 mg/L HlyA1 in the supernatant. This work enhances the applicability of a protein secretion system in E. coli and paves the way for an industrial application.
Direct Enzymatic Synthesis of a Deep‐Blue Fluorescent Noncanonical Amino Acid from Azulene and Serine
Authors: Watkins Ella J. , Almhjell Patrick J. , Arnold Frances H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report a simple, one‐step enzymatic synthesis of the blue fluorescent noncanonical amino acid β‐(1‐azulenyl)‐l‐alanine (AzAla). By using an engineered tryptophan synthase β‐subunit (TrpB), stereochemically pure AzAla can be synthesized at scale starting from commercially available azulene and l‐serine. Mutation of a universally conserved catalytic glutamate in the active site to glycine has only a modest effect on native activity with indole but abolishes activity on azulene, suggesting that this glutamate activates azulene for nucleophilic attack by stabilization of the aromatic ion.
The Dual Effect of the Acetate Ligand on the Mechanism of the Pd‐Catalyzed C−H/C−H Coupling of Benzene
Authors: Beckers Igor , Henrion Mickaël , De Vos Dirk E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPd(II)carboxylates have emerged as potent catalysts for the direct coupling of (hetero)aromatics, enabling a two‐fold C−H activation with various oxidants. Yet, prior research on the mechanism of the C−H/C−H coupling without directing group(s) has led to contrasting insights. In this work, a direct effect of acetic acid (AcOH) concentration on the mechanism of Pd‐catalyzed benzene coupling to biphenyl is uncovered. The catalytic cycle was investigated via kinetic isotope effects, H/D exchange experiments and by assessing the reactivity of the Pd(aryl)‐intermediates. The study revealed that the catalytic reaction makes a transition between two dissimilar C−H activation steps: a “concerted metalation‐deprotonation” (CMD) mechanism followed by an electrophilic substitution (SEAr). A dual role of the acetate ligand explains the transition between these mechanisms, mediating the deprotonation via CMD and coordinating on the Pd(II) ion to preclude a SEAr mechanism for the first C−H activation.
Statistical Analysis and Discovery of Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Machine Learning from Diverse Published Data
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Toyao Takashi , Maeno Zen , Takakusagi Satoru , Shimizu Ken‐ichi , Takigawa Ichigaku 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 18/2019 is provided by the groups Ken‐ichi Shimizu group at Hokkaido University (Japan) and Ichigaku Takigawa at RIKEN (Japan). The image shows future catalysis research using artificial intelligence (AI). See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201900971.
Electrocatalyst Derived from Abundant Biomass and its Excellent Activity for In Situ H2O2Production
Authors: Liao Min‐Ji , Wang Yun‐Lu , Li Shi‐Song , Li Jiang‐Feng , Chen Ping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is considered an essential chemical and is widely used in many fields. The in situ electrochemical production of H2O2using oxygen reduction has become promising in H2O2applications because it can reduce the danger and costs of the storage and transportation of H2O2. Developing high‐performance and metal‐free electrocatalysts with cheap and commercially available source materials for in situ H2O2production remains challenging. Here, the N, O‐co‐doped microporous carbons derived from abundant biomass (bean dregs) were prepared by a simple hydrothermal treatment and annealing process. Electrochemical measurement results showed a high selectivity (up to 98 %) of the typical product in 0.1 M KOH, a satisfactory disk current density and a high productivity of H2O2(380 mg L−1 h−1) with an excellent faradaic efficiency (up to 97.0 %), which were achieved through RRDE technology and flow cell. Additionally, the system equipped with a (GDE, containing N‐O‐MC‐750) as the cathode exhibited high performance in removing formaldehyde, and it may have potential application in the treatment of wastewater containing formaldehyde. This method can avoid the danger and costs of the storage and transportation of H2O2. This work is helpful for developing a high‐performance electrocatalyst for the production of H2O2, and for its practical application.
Chemical process fault diagnosis based on enchanted machine‐learning approach
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Zhou Jingsong , Xie Zihao , Ke Gong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the chemical industry, fault diagnosis is a challenging task due to the complexity of chemical equipment. This paper proposes a machine learning‐based approach to achieve the goal of fault diagnosis. First, in order to reduce the impact of redundant features, support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVMRFE) is used to select important features. The trained probabilistic neural network (PNN) is then used for fault diagnosis. Considering that the diagnostic performance is affected by its hidden layer element smoothing factor (σ), the modified bat algorithm (MBA) is used to optimize the PNN to obtain optimal global parameter values. The MBA adopts a better optimization mechanism than the basic algorithm and achieves excellent global convergence. It can globally optimize the smoothing factor, which effectively improves the fault diagnosis ability of the PNN. During the testing of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process data set, we evaluate the performance of the proposed model by comparing the F1‐score and accuracy of the different methods. The charts provided describe the fault diagnostic results and classification for the different models. The results indicate that the MBA has a better optimization ability than other traditional optimization algorithms. At the same time, the combination method proposed in this paper is also superior to others and can significantly improve the accuracy of TE process fault diagnosis.
Electrochemically Active Polymers Using Polypyrrole as an Example: Model System of an Artificial Synapse. An Electrochemical All‐Rounder – Part 2
Authors: Novotny Jana , Wagner Corina , Oetken Marco 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDie Abscheidungsmethode, die in Freiburg entwickelt wurde, hat gezeigt, wie schnell und einfach in der Schule und Hochschule „künstliche Muskeln“ hergestellt werden können, die sich dann je nach Dotierung unterschiedlich bewegen: Werden eher kleine Anionen dotiert, dominiert auch der Anionenaustausch, während hingegen bei der Dotierung größerer immobiler Anionen eher ein Kationenaustausch stattfindet [1]. Schülerinnen und Schüler sollen allgemein aber auch anhand faszinierender Versuche lernen, wie wichtig es in der Chemie ist, aufgestellte Hypothesen unter Beweis zu stellen. Daher wird in diesem Beitrag besonders das Modell der künstlichen Synapse hervorgehoben, das sowohl nachweist, dass tatsächlich Ionen ein‐ und ausgelagert werden können, als auch einen weiteren wichtigen Anwendungsbereich von Polypyrrol vorstellt.
Modeling distributed forces within cell adhesions of varying size on continuous substrates
Authors: Hou Jay C. , Shamsan Ghaidan A. , Anderson Sarah M. , McMahon Mariah M. , Tyler Liam P. , Castle Brian T. , Heussner Rachel K. , Provenzano Paolo P. , Keefe Daniel F. , Barocas Victor H. , Odde David J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCell migration and traction are essential to many biological phenomena, and one of their key features is sensitivity to substrate stiffness, which biophysical models, such as the motor‐clutch model and the cell migration simulator can predict and explain. However, these models have not accounted for the finite size of adhesions, the spatial distribution of forces within adhesions. Here, we derive an expression that relates varying adhesion radius (
R) and spatial distribution of force within an adhesion (described by
s) to the effective substrate stiffness (
κsub), as a function of the Young's modulus of the substrate (
E
Y), which yields the relation, , for two‐dimensional cell cultures. Experimentally, we found that a cone‐shaped force distribution (
s = 1.05) can describe the observed displacements of hydrogels deformed by adherent U251 glioma cells. Also, we found that the experimentally observed adhesion radius increases linearly with the cell protrusion force, consistent with the predictions of the motor‐clutch model with spatially distributed clutches. We also found that, theoretically, the influence of one protrusion on another through a continuous elastic environment is negligible. Overall, we conclude cells can potentially control their own interpretation of the mechanics of the environment by controlling adhesion size and spatial distribution of forces within an adhesion.
Incremental feature selection for efficient classification of dynamic graph bags
Authors: Chae Dong‐Kyu , Kim Bo‐Kyum , Kim Seung‐Ho , Kim Sang‐Wook 
Published: September 2019

SummaryLearning and analyzing graph data is one of the most fundamental research areas in machine learning and data mining. Among numerous graph‐based data structures, this paper focuses on a graph bag (simply, bag), which corresponds to a training object containing one or more graphs, and a label is available only for a bag. This type of a bag can represent various real‐world objects such as drugs, web pages, XML documents, and images, among many others, and there have been many researches on models for learning this type of bag data. Within this research context, we define a novel problem of dynamic graph bag classification, and propose an algorithm to solve this problem. Dynamic bag classification aims to build a classification model for bags, which are presented in a streaming fashion, ie, frequent emerging of new bags or graphs over time. Given such changes made to the bag dataset, our proposed algorithm aims to update incrementally the top‐m most discriminative features instead of searching for them from scratch. Incremental gSpan and incremental gScore are proposed as core parts of our algorithm to deal with a stream of bags efficiently. We evaluate our algorithm on two real‐world datasets in terms of both feature selection time and classification accuracy. The experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm derives an informative feature set much faster than the existing one originally designed for targeting static bag data, with little accuracy loss.
Biocompatible Glycine‐Assisted Catalysis of the Sol‐Gel Process: Development of Cell‐Embedded Hydrogels
Authors: Valot Laurine , Maumus Marie , Montheil Titouan , Martinez Jean , Noël Danièle , Mehdi Ahmad , Subra Gilles 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe sol‐gel process can be used for hydrogel cross‐linking, thus opening an attractive route for the design of biocompatible hydrogels under soft conditions. The sol‐gel process can be catalysed at basic or acidic pH values, under neutral conditions with the addition of a nucleophile. Therefore, working around pH 7 unlocks the possibility of direct cell embedment and the preparation of bioinks. We aimed to propose a generic method for sol‐gel 3D bioprinting, and first screened different nucleophilic catalysts using bis‐silylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a model hydrogel. A synergistic effect of glycine and NaF, used in low concentrations to avoid any toxicity, was observed. Biocompatibility of the approach was demonstrated by embedding primary mouse mesenchymal stem cells. The measure of viscosity as a function of time showed the impact of reaction parameters, such as temperature, complexity of the medium, pH and cell addition, on the kinetics of the sol‐gel process, and allowed prediction of the gelation time.
Frontal brain maturation and the stability of children’s shyness
Authors: Schmidt Louis A. , Poole Kristie L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that relative to nonshy children, shy children exhibit a lower overall frontal EEG alpha/delta ratio (ADR) during middle childhood, possibly reflecting relatively less frontal brain maturation at this age. We examined this same ADR measure in relation to the stability of observed shyness and parent‐reported child social anxiety measured across two laboratory visits separated by approximately 1 year during late childhood in 51 children (33% female, age range 10–16 years). We found that the overall frontal ADR score was significantly lower among children with high, stable observed shyness and parent‐reported child social anxiety compared to children in the low, stable class. Findings provide convergent evidence suggesting that the stability of shyness in late childhood may be linked to relatively less overall frontal brain maturation at this age. We speculate on the adaptive function of delaying frontal brain maturation in the origins and maintenance of children's shyness.
Generation of a novel mouse strain with conditional, cell‐type specific, expression of DND1
Authors: Nunez Lisa , Mokkapati Sharada , Yu Chengtai , Deng Jian M. , Behringer Richard R. , Matin Angabin 
Published: September 2019

SummaryDead‐End 1 (DND1) encodes an RNA binding protein critical for viable primordial germ cells in vertebrates. When introduced into cancer cell lines, DND1 suppresses cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis. However, the molecular function of mammalian wild‐type DND1 has mostly been studied in cell lines and not verified in the organism. To facilitate study of wild‐type DND1 function in mammalian systems, we generated a novel transgenic mouse line, LSL‐FM‐DND1
flox/+, which conditionally expresses genetically engineered, FLAG‐tagged and myc‐tagged DND1 in a cell type‐specific manner. We report that FLAG‐myc‐DND1 is indeed expressed in specific tissues of the mouse when LSL‐FM‐DND1
flox/+ is combined with mouse strains expressing Cre‐recombinase. LSL‐FM‐DND1
flox/+ mice are fertile with no overt health effects. We expressed FLAG‐myc‐DND1 in the pancreas and found that chronic, ectopic expression of FLAG‐myc‐DND1 led to increase in fasting glucose levels in older mice. Thus, this novel LSL‐FM‐DND1
flox/+ mouse strain will facilitate studies on the biological and molecular function of wild‐type DND1.
Incidence of shoulder pain in 40 years old and over and associated factors: A systematic review
Authors: Djade Codjo D. , Porgo Teegwendé V. , Zomahoun Hervé Tchala Vignon , Perrault‐Sullivan Gentiane , Dionne Clermont E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundShoulder pain is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal complaints, and its prevalence and consequences increase with age. However, little is known about the incidence of shoulder pain among aging adults. We conducted this review to estimate the incidence of shoulder pain in ageing adults and its associated factors.Databases and data treatmentWe conducted a systematic review of cohort studies in which the incidence of shoulder pain and associated factors were explored in adults aged 40 years and over. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were consulted.ResultsWe retrieved 3332 studies and included six, of which five were prospective cohort studies and one was retrospective. For adults aged 45–64 years, the annual cumulative incidence was 2.4%. The incidence density was estimated at 17.3 per 1,000 person‐years for adults in the 45–64 years age group, at 12.8 per 1000 person‐years for those in the 65–74 years group and at 6.7 per 1000 person‐years among those aged 75 years and over.Occupational factors, notably physical demands of work, were associated with the incidence of shoulder pain. Non‐occupational factors were also linked to the occurrence of shoulder pain.ConclusionFew studies have estimated the incidence of shoulder pain and associated factors among ageing adults. From this systematic review, we conclude that studies on the incidence of shoulder pain are scarce, and that both occupational and non‐occupational factors could be associated with the onset of shoulder pain among adults 40 years and over. This very limited evidence calls for more studies on this topic.SignificanceShoulder pain is one of the most frequent musculoskeletal complaints, and its prevalence and consequences increase with age. However, since the prevalence of a recurring condition is determined by its incidence and the number and duration of episodes, it is important to have valid incidence estimates and to conduct aetiological studies on incidence measures to untangle risk factors of the occurrence of shoulder pain from those affecting the duration and number of episodes . In this systematic review, we sought to estimate the incidence of shoulder pain in ageing adults along with its associated factors. This work could lead to better interventions to prevent shoulder pain in older individuals.