bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sleep deprivation on diurnal variation of vertical perception and postural control
Authors: Martin T. , Gauthier A. , Ying Z. , Benguigui N. , Moussay S. , Bulla J. , Davenne D. , Bessot N. 
Published: March 2018

The aim of the study was to test the effect of total sleep deprivation on performance and time-of-day pattern of subjective visual vertical (SVV) and postural control. Nineteen healthy, young participants (4 women and 15 men 21.9 ± 1.2 yr) were engaged in two counterbalanced experimental sessions with or without total sleep deprivation. Oral temperature, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, and visual analogic scale for fatigue, postural control, and SVV were randomly measured every 4 h, from 0600 to 2200. A linear mixed model was used to capture the effect of time of day and sleep condition as factors. A classical adjusted COSINOR function was then used to modelize this daily variation. After the control night of sleep, SVV as well as oral temperature, sleepiness, and fatigue showed significant time-of-day variation, contrasting with measures of postural control which remained stable across the day. After sleep deprivation, SVV showed no diurnal variation, but its mean deviation value increased by 29%. Postural control capability also decreased after sleep deprivation, with a higher center of pressure surface (+70.4%) and total length (+7.37%) but remained stable throughout the day. These results further confirm the negative effect of sleep loss on postural control capability. Even if a direct relationship cannot be confirmed, the disruption of SVV capacity after sleep deprivation could strongly play a role in postural control capacity changes. Sleep deprivation should be considered as a potent factor involved in balance loss and subsequent fall. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The topic of sleep deprivation and postural control is not understood, with discrepancy among results. This study described that postural control displays a stable level throughout the day and that sleep deprivation, even if it increases postural sway, does not affect this stable diurnal pattern. The modification of the perception of the vertical level after sleep deprivation could strongly play a role in the observed changes in postural control capacity.
Inspiratory muscle training reduces diaphragm activation and dyspnea during exercise in COPD
Authors: Langer Daniel , Ciavaglia Casey , Faisal Azmy , Webb Katherine A. , Neder J. Alberto , Gosselink Rik , Dacha Sauwaluk , Topalovic Marko , Ivanova Anna , O’Donnell Denis E. 
Published: March 2018

Among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), those with the lowest maximal inspiratory pressures experience greater breathing discomfort (dyspnea) during exercise. In such individuals, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may be associated with improvement of dyspnea, but the mechanisms for this are poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify physiological mechanisms of improvement in dyspnea and exercise endurance following inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients with COPD and low maximal inspiratory pressure (Pimax). The effects of 8 wk of controlled IMT on respiratory muscle function, dyspnea, respiratory mechanics, and diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) during constant work rate cycle exercise were evaluated in patients with activity-related dyspnea (baseline dyspnea index <9). Subjects were randomized to either IMT or a sham training control group ( n = 10 each). Twenty subjects (FEV1 = 47 ± 19% predicted; Pimax = −59 ± 14 cmH2O; cycle ergometer peak work rate = 47 ± 21% predicted) completed the study; groups had comparable baseline lung function, respiratory muscle strength, activity-related dyspnea, and exercise capacity. IMT, compared with control, was associated with greater increases in inspiratory muscle strength and endurance, with attendant improvements in exertional dyspnea and exercise endurance time (all P < 0.05). After IMT, EMGdi expressed relative to its maximum (EMGdi/EMGdimax) decreased ( P < 0.05) with no significant change in ventilation, tidal inspiratory pressures, breathing pattern, or operating lung volumes during exercise. In conclusion, IMT improved inspiratory muscle strength and endurance in mechanically compromised patients with COPD and low Pimax. The attendant reduction in EMGdi/EMGdimaxhelped explain the decrease in perceived respiratory discomfort despite sustained high ventilation and intrinsic mechanical loading over a longer exercise duration.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In patients with COPD and low maximal inspiratory pressures, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may be associated with improvement of dyspnea, but the mechanisms for this are poorly understood. This study showed that 8 wk of home-based, partially supervised IMT improved respiratory muscle strength and endurance, dyspnea, and exercise endurance. Dyspnea relief occurred in conjunction with a reduced activation of the diaphragm relative to maximum in the absence of significant changes in ventilation, breathing pattern, and operating lung volumes.
Specificity Protein Transcription Factors and Cancer: Opportunities for Drug Development
Authors: Safe Stephen , Abbruzzese James , Abdelrahim Maen , Hedrick Erik 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSpecificity protein (Sp) transcription factors (TFs) such as Sp1 are critical for early development but their expression decreases with age and there is evidence that transformation of normal cells to cancer cells is associated with upregulation of Sp1, Sp3, and Sp4, which are highly expressed in cancer cells and tumors. Sp1 is a negative prognostic factor for pancreatic, colon, glioma, gastric, breast, prostate, and lung cancer patients. Functional studies also demonstrate that Sp TFs regulate genes responsible for cancer cell growth, survival, migration/invasion, inflammation and drug resistance, and Sp1, Sp3 and Sp4 are also nononcogene addiction (NOA) genes and important drug targets. The mechanisms of drug-induced downregulation of Sp TFs and pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes are complex and include ROS-dependent epigenetic pathways that initially decrease expression of the oncogene cMyc. Many compounds such as curcumin, aspirin, and metformin that are active in cancer prevention also exhibit chemotherapeutic activity and these compounds downregulate Sp TFs in cancer cell lines and tumors. The effects of these compounds on downregulation of Sp TFs in normal cells and the contribution of this response to their chemopreventive activity have not yet been determined. Cancer Prev Res; 11(7); 371–82. ©2018 AACR.
Defining the Outcome of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation
Authors: Oloriz Teresa , Baratto Francesca , Trevisi Nicola , Barbaro Melania , Bisceglia Caterina , D’Angelo Giuseppe , Yamase Miki , Paglino Gabriele , Radinovic Andrea , Della Bella Paolo 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is effective to prevent arrhythmia episode–related implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks. However, recurrences in noninducible patients at programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS) are substantial.

Methods and Results:

From May 2013 to September 2015, 218 PVSs were performed 6 days (5–7) after ablation (186 noninvasive programmed stimulations and 32 invasive PVS) in 210 consecutive patients (ischemic, 48%; median left ventricular ejection fraction, 37%; syncope, 35% with trauma associated 6%), while patients were awake and under β-blocker therapy. After ablation, implantable cardioverter defibrillators were programmed according to noninvasive programmed stimulations results (class A—noninducible; class B—nondocumented inducible VT; and class C—documented inducible VT), with high and delayed VT detection intervals. Concordance between PVS end procedure and PVS day 6 was 67%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were higher for PVS day 6 (53% and 88% versus 43% and 71%). Ischemic and patients with preserved ejection fraction showed the highest negative predictive value (91% and 96%). Among 46 of 174 (26%) noninducible patients at PVS end procedure, but inducible at day 6, 59% had VT recurrence at 1-year follow-up; recurrences were 9% when both studies were noninducible. There were no inappropriate shocks; incidence of syncope was 3%; and none was harmful. The rate of appropriate shocks per patient per month according to noninvasive programmed stimulations results was significantly reduced, comparing the month before and after ablation (class A: 2 [0.75–4] versus 0; class B: 2 [1–4] versus 0; class C: 2 [1–4] versus 0;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
PVS at day 6 predicts VT recurrence more accurately allowing to identify patients who might benefit from a redo ablation and addressing implantable cardioverter defibrillator programming.
Implantable Defibrillator Therapy in Cardiac Arrest Survivors With a Reversible Cause
Authors: Ladejobi Adetola , Pasupula Deepak K. , Adhikari Shubash , Javed Awais , Durrani Asad F. , Patil Shantanu , Qin Dingxin , Ahmad Shahzad , Munir Muhammad Bilal , Rijal Shasank , Wayne Max , Adelstein Evan , Jain Sandeep , Saba Samir 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Current guidelines recommend implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy in survivors of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), except in those with completely reversible causes. We sought to examine the impact of ICD therapy on mortality in survivors of SCA associated with reversible causes.

Methods and Results:

We evaluated the records of 1433 patients managed at our institution between 2000 and 2012 who were discharged alive after SCA. A reversible and correctable cause was identified in 792 (55%) patients. Reversible SCA cause was defined as significant electrolyte or metabolic abnormality, evidence of acute myocardial infarction or ischemia, recent initiation of antiarrhythmic drug or illicit drug use, or other reversible circumstances. Of the 792 SCA survivors because of a reversible and correctable cause (age 61±15 years, 40% women), 207 (26%) patients received an ICD after their index SCA. During a mean follow-up of 3.8±3.1 years, 319 (40%) patients died. ICD implantation was highly associated with lower all-cause mortality (
P
<0.001) even after correcting for unbalanced baseline characteristics (
P
<0.001). In subgroup analyses, only patients whose SCA was not associated with myocardial infarction extracted benefit from ICD (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
In survivors of SCA because of a reversible and correctable cause, ICD therapy is associated with lower all-cause mortality except if the SCA was because of myocardial infarction. These data deserve further investigation in a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial, as they may have important and immediate clinical implications.
Prevention of PKG-1α Oxidation Suppresses Antihypertrophic/Antifibrotic Effects From PDE5 Inhibition but not sGC Stimulation
Authors: Nakamura Taishi , Zhu Guangshuo , Ranek Mark J. , Kokkonen-Simon Kristen , Zhang Manling , Kim Grace E. , Tsujita Kenichi , Kass David A. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Stimulation of sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase) or inhibition of PDE5 (phosphodiesterase type 5) activates PKG (protein kinase G)-1α to counteract cardiac hypertrophy and failure. PKG1α acts within localized intracellular domains; however, its oxidation at cysteine 42, linking homomonomers, alters this localization, impairing suppression of pathological cardiac stress. Because PDE5 and sGC reside in separate microdomains, we speculated that PKG1α oxidation might also differentially influence the effects from their pharmacological modulation.

Methods and Results:

Knock-in mice expressing a redox-dead PKG1α (PKG1α
C42S
) or littermate controls (PKG1α
WT
) were subjected to transaortic constriction to induce pressure overload and treated with a PDE5 inhibitor (sildenafil), sGC activator (BAY602770 [BAY]), or vehicle. In PKG1α
WT
controls, sildenafil and BAY similarly enhanced PKG activity and reduced pathological hypertrophy/fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction after transaortic constriction. However, sildenafil failed to protect the heart in PKG1α
C42S
, unlike BAY, which activated PKG and thereby facilitated protective effects. This corresponded with minimal PDE5 activation in PKG1α
C42S
exposed to transaortic constriction versus higher activity in controls and little colocalization of PDE5 with PKG1α
C42S
(versus colocalization with PKG1α
WT
) in stressed myocytes.

Conclusions:
In the stressed heart and myocytes, PKG1α C42-disulfide formation contributes to PDE5 activation. This augments the pathological role of PDE5 and so in turn enhances the therapeutic impact from its inhibition. PKG1α oxidation does not change the benefits from sGC activation. This finding favors the use of sGC activators regardless of PKG1α oxidation and may help guide precision therapy leveraging the cyclic GMP/PKG pathway to treat heart disease.
Assessing Fiscal Risks in Bangladesh
Authors: Medina Leandro 
Published: March 2018

This paper identifies, quantifies, and assesses fiscal risks in Bangladesh. By performing sensitivity analysis and using stochastic simulations, it measures risks arising from shocks to gross domestic product growth, the exchange rate, commodity prices, and interest rates. It also analyzes specific fiscal and institutional risks, including those related to the pension system, issuance of guarantees, state-owned commercial banks, and external borrowing and debt management strategies. The paper finds that fiscal aggregates are particularly sensitive to shocks to commodity prices and the exchange rate. Other factors that could affect fiscal aggregates are the unfunded pension system and limited institutional capacity.
Fisheries Enforcement on the High Seas of the Arctic Ocean: Gaps, Solutions and the Potential Contribution of the European Union and Its Member States
Authors: Papastavridis Efthymios 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Although there is no fishing activity within the central Arctic Ocean at present, commercial fishing activity does occur in the high seas areas of the North Atlantic and North Pacific, and within the exclusive economic zone of the Arctic coastal States. Climate change will most probably lead to an increase in fishing activity, through the reduction in sea ice, opening up new areas of the Arctic to fisheries, including the Central Arctic Ocean. This prospect has fuelled intensive negotiations—still ongoing—for the signing of a legally binding agreement to prevent unregulated fisheries therein. What seems missing, though, from both the ongoing negotiations on this agreement and the scholarly literature is reference to fisheries enforcement in the Arctic. Accordingly, this article identifies the most effective tools that could be employed for fisheries enforcement purposes, including port and flag State measures, and addresses their potential application in the Arctic.
Growing Disciples in Community
Authors: Beagles Kathleen 
Published: March 2018

This article explores the correlation between adolescents' spiritual growth and discipleship and the attitudes and beliefs of family, friends, and the local congregation in their role of equipping/discipling these youth. The data is drawn from a recent secondary data analysis of the Valuegenesis 2 study conducted in the year 2000 among junior high and high school students attending Seventh-day Adventist schools in North America. 1 The analysis indicates that the discipling/equipping attitudes and behaviors of family, friends, Christian teachers, and the local congregation are significant in explaining adolescents' responses to indicators of personal discipleship. 1 The Valuegenesis2 study, a follow-up to the original Valuegenesis study (Dudley & Gilles - pie, 1992), was sponsored by the Hancock Center for Youth and Family Ministry at La Sierra University, Riverside, California, and the North American Division Office of Education (John Hancock Center for Youth and Family Ministry, 2002). The study involved 6th to 12th grade students who were enrolled in schools affiliated with the Seventh-day Adventist Church in North America. The original survey was designed to measure faith maturity, the name given for the balance between two scales blending a vertical dimension (attempting to measure a rich, close relationship with God) and a horizontal dimension (attempting to measure care and compassion for others). The large amount of data gathered in the 396-item questionnaire provided a sufficient number of items with which to create scales that would test the discipleship model presented in this study.
Suicide prevention in educational settings: a review
Authors: Robinson Jo , Calear Alison L , Bailey Eleanor 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: Youth suicide rates are unacceptably high. Schools have long been accepted as an appropriate setting for suicide prevention activities. This review aims to synthesise the evidence for all types of suicide prevention interventions across educational settings. Methods: The review draws on two previous reviews conducted by the authors. In order to be included, studies had to test a specific suicide prevention intervention in an educational setting, have a suicide-related outcome and target young people. Results: A totally of 21 studies were included: 17 were conducted in school settings and four in universities. Seven of the school-based studies (41%) and one of the university studies (25%) were randomised controlled trials. Overall, the trials conducted in schools reported positive effects, as did four of the non- randomised controlled trials. Two of the university-based studies reported positive effects. Both universal and indicated interventions showed positive results; no iatrogenic effects were reported. Conclusions: School-based studies can have a positive impact on suicide-related behaviour and, overall, do not appear to cause harm. Study quality is variable, and the number of studies conducted in school settings far exceed those conducted in universities. These gaps need to be addressed by future research.
Suprasensory phenomena in those with a bipolar disorder
Authors: Parker Gordon , Paterson Amelia , Romano Mia , Granville Smith Isabelle 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: To increase awareness of the sensory changes experienced during hypo/manic and depressive states by those with a bipolar disorder and determine if the prevalence of such features is similar across differing bipolar sub-types. Methods: We interviewed 66 patients who acknowledged sensory changes during hypo/manic states. They were allocated to bipolar I, bipolar II and soft bipolar diagnostic categories and the prevalence of 10 differing sensory changes was quantified during hypo/manic and depressive phases. Results: Bipolar I patients were just as likely, if not more likely, to report suprasensory changes which typically involved enhancement of senses during hypo/manic phases and muting or blunting during depressive phases. The high prevalence of changes in intuition, empathy, appreciation of danger and predictive capacities suggests that these are more part of the intrinsic bipolar mood domain states and not necessarily suprasensory, while changes in primary senses of smell, taste, vision, touch and hearing appear to more commonly define the suprasensory domain. Conclusions: It is important for clinicians and patients with a bipolar disorder to be aware of non-psychotic, suprasensory phenomena. Identification of such features may aid diagnosis and also explain the recognised increased creativity in those with a bipolar condition.
Goldmann applanation tonometer versus ocular response analyzer for measuring intraocular pressure after congenital cataract surgery
Authors: Feizi Sepehr , Faramarzi Amir , Kheiri Bahareh 
Published: March 2018

Purpose: To compare intraocular pressure measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometer with that measured using the ocular response analyzer after congenital cataract surgery. Methods: This study included 113 eyes of 64 patients who underwent lensectomy and vitrectomy. In all, 36 eyes remained aphakic after surgery. Intraocular lens implantation was performed at the time of surgery in 47 eyes and secondarily in 30 eyes. Corneal hysteresis, corneal resistance factor, and cornea-compensated intraocular pressure were measured. The influences of independent factors on the difference between the cornea-compensated intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer were investigated using linear regression analyses. Agreement between the two tonometers was investigated using the Bland and Altman and 95% limits of agreement analysis. Results: Central corneal thickness, corneal hysteresis, and corneal resistance factor were 591.2 ± 53.3 µm, 10.83 ± 2.27 mmHg, and 11.36 ± 2.14 mmHg, respectively. Cornea-compensated intraocular pressure (16.75 ± 4.82 mmHg) was significantly higher than intraocular pressure measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer (14.41 ± 2.27 mmHg, p < 0.001). Central corneal thickness (p = 0.02) and corneal hysteresis (p < 0.001) were identified as the main predictors of difference between cornea-compensated intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer readings. A 95% limits of agreement for cornea-compensated intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer was between −4.86 and 9.53 mmHg in the entire group. Cornea-compensated intraocular pressure showed the best agreement with intraocular pressure measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer in the primary pseudophakic subgroup as compared to the other subgroups. Conclusion: The Goldmann applanation tonometer and ocular response analyzer cannot be used interchangeably for measuring intraocular pressure after congenital cataract surgery. The difference between the cornea-compensated intraocular pressure and intraocular pressure measured with Goldmann applanation tonometer was primarily affected by central corneal thickness and corneal hysteresis. Among the subgroups, the primary pseudophakic subgroup had the thinnest cornea and the highest corneal hysteresis values and demonstrated the best agreement between the two tonometers.
Association of serum C1q tumour necrosis factor–related protein 9 with the severity of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Jiang Wengao , Tang Qiang , Zhang Lei , Chao Yinxue , Hong Bing 
Published: March 2018

Objective: Recent studies have indicated the implication of C1q tumour necrosis factor–related protein 9 in vascular pathology of atherosclerosis. This study first investigated the association of C1q tumour necrosis factor–related protein 9 and the severity of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: A total of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had ankle–brachial index examined in this cross-sectional study, 60 patients with ankle–brachial index of ⩽0.9 were diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease and further classified into mild, moderate and severe group with Vivid 7 diagnostic apparatus. Results: C1q tumour necrosis factor–related protein 9 and adiponectin were higher in diabetes mellitus with severe peripheral arterial disease than diabetes mellitus with mild and moderate peripheral arterial disease groups. After adjustment of conventional atherosclerosis risk factors, C1q tumour necrosis factor–related protein 9 ( r = −0.627, p < 0.001) and adiponectin ( r = −0.431, p = 0.003) were negatively correlated with the severity of peripheral arterial disease. Logistic regression analysis showed C1q tumour necrosis factor–related protein 9 was independently associated with the severity of peripheral arterial disease (odds ratio = 0.272, 95% confidence interval = 0.08–0.927, p = 0.037). Conclusion: Serum C1q tumour necrosis factor–related protein 9 is negatively and independently associated with the severity of peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, suggesting the protective potentials of C1q tumour necrosis factor–related protein 9 in the progression of peripheral arterial disease in human type 2 diabetes mellitus.