bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidity and Mortality in the Children and Young Adult Offspring of Parents With Schizophrenia or Affective Disorders—A Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study in 2 Million Individuals
Authors: Ranning Anne , Benros Michael E , Thorup Anne A E , Davidsen Kirstine Agnete , Hjorthøj Carsten , Nordentoft Merete , Laursen Thomas Munk , Sørensen Holger 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The offspring of parents with severe mental illness (SMI) are at higher risk of mortality and of developing certain somatic diseases. However, across the full spectrum of somatic illness, there remains a gap in knowledge regarding morbidity.

Methods
We conducted a register-based nationwide cohort study of all 2 000 694 individuals born in Denmark between 1982 and 2012. Maximum age of offspring at follow-up was 30 years. Information on parents’ psychiatric diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar depression was retrieved from the Psychiatric Central Register. We estimated incidence rate ratio (IRR), cumulative incidence percentage and mortality rate ratio of first hospital contact for a broad spectrum of somatic illnesses according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Analyses were adjusted for important confounders.

Results
Offspring of individuals with SMI had higher risk of somatic hospital contacts IRR: 1.17 (95% CI: 1.16–1.18) with maternal depression being associated with the highest IRR (1.22, 95% CI: 1.20–1.24). Offspring of parents with SMI had higher risk within most broad diagnostic categories with highest IRRs for unclassified somatic diagnoses, infections and endocrine diseases ranging from 1.27 (95% CI: 1.25–1.28) to 1.26 (95% CI: 1.23–1.29) (all P &lt; .0001). Morbidity was particularly increased in children aged 0–7 years. The mortality rate ratio associated with parental SMI was 1.31 (95% CI: 1.21–1.41) with excess mortality mainly due to unnatural causes.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that offspring of parents with SMI experienced increased mortality and somatic morbidity warranting heightened vigilance and support for this population.
The Curious Case of Aleksandar Milivojević: The Donja Toponica Hospital and Mental Health in Socialist Yugoslavia
Authors: Simic Ivan 
Published: April 2019

Summary
This article uncovers the appalling situation in Yugoslav mental hospitals in the early period of Yugoslav socialism, demonstrating that Yugoslav psychiatry suffered from rife structural problems and malpractices. By examining the case of the Toponica hospital, the article shows that patients were regularly abused and beaten while living in very harsh conditions. Patients were overmedicated, therapies administered by illiterate staff, medical histories poorly recorded and hospitals overcrowded and understaffed, while often no attempts were made for the patients’ healing and rehabilitation. On the other hand, Yugoslav psychiatrists closely followed the trends in global psychiatry, testing new therapies, while the movement for mental hygiene gained significant traction. Nevertheless, high hopes for improving the patients’ well-being were far from practice. Once the scandal at the Toponica hospital erupted in 1955, it caused changes in the management and brought in more resources, but the structural problems of Yugoslav psychiatry remained.
Dudley Brian Spalding. 9 January 1923—27 November 2016
Authors: Launder Brian E. , Patankar Suhas V. , Pollard Andrew 
Published: April 2019

Over a remarkably productive professional life Brian Spalding largely shaped the development of numerical procedures for computing complex turbulent flows. He created a major software company, CHAM, through which the fruits of his group's research could be made available to industry and other research groups across the globe. Thus, he became the outstanding founding figure in the subject now called computational fluid dynamics (CFD). His contributions were by no means limited to strategies for converting systems of non-linear partial differential equations to forms suitable for computer solution; he also brought notable innovations to the physical modelling of combustion, turbulence and two-phase flows.
Besides research, he engaged deeply with the research community in heat and mass transfer, becoming a founding editor of two international journals in these areas, and a principal driver behind the creation of the International Centre for Heat and Mass Transfer in Belgrade. He also served as the inaugural scientific chairman of the European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion. He led a protracted and ultimately successful campaign to enable Veniamin Levich to leave the Soviet Union to settle in Israel. Outside of his technical work, his principal passions were poetry and the Russian language, which were intertwined in several published volumes.
Accelerated Cortical Thinning within Structural Brain Networks is Associated with Irritability in Youth
Authors: Jirsaraie Robert J. , Kaczkurkin Antonia N. , Rush Sage , Piiwia Kayla , Adebimpe Azeez , Bassett Danielle S. , Bourque Josiane , Calkins Monica E. , Cieslak Matthew , Ciric Rastko , Cook Philip A. , Davila Diego , Elliott Mark A. , Leibenluft Ellen , Murtha Kristin , Roalf David R. , Rosen Adon F.G. , Ruparel Kosha , Shinohara Russell T. , Sotiras Aristeidis , Wolf Daniel H. , Davatzikos Christos , Satterthwaite Theodore D. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundIrritability is an important dimension of psychopathology that spans multiple clinical diagnostic categories, yet its relationship to patterns of brain development remains sparsely explored. Here, we examined how trans-diagnostic symptoms of irritability relate to the development of structural brain networks.MethodsAll participants (n=144, 87 females) completed structural brain imaging with 3 Tesla MRI at two timepoints (mean age at follow-up: 20.9 years, mean inter-scan interval: 5.1 years). Irritability at follow-up was assessed using the Affective Reactivity Index, and cortical thickness was quantified using Advanced Normalization Tools software. Structural covariance networks were delineated using non-negative matrix factorization, a multivariate analysis technique. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with irritability at follow-up were evaluated using generalized additive models with penalized splines. The False Discovery Rate (q<0.05) was used to correct for multiple comparisons.ResultsCross-sectional analysis of follow-up data revealed that 11 of the 24 covariance networks were associated with irritability, with higher levels of irritability being associated with thinner cortex. Longitudinal analyses further revealed that accelerated cortical thinning within 9 networks was related to irritability at follow-up. Effects were particularly prominent in brain regions implicated in emotion regulation, including the orbitofrontal, lateral temporal, and medial temporal cortex.ConclusionsCollectively, these findings suggest that irritability is associated with widespread cortical thickness reductions and accelerated cortical thinning, particularly within frontal and temporal cortex. Aberrant structural maturation of regions important for emotional regulation may in part underlie symptoms of irritability.
Differential expression of glutamate transporters and monoaminergic genes in major depression and suicide
Authors: Powers Brian , Kleinman Joel E. , Hyde Thomas M. , Ajilore Olusola , Leow Alex , Sodhi Monsheel S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that the glutamate and monoamine systems contribute to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and suicide. We have tested the expression of genes encoding glutamate transporters and monoaminergic proteins in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of MDD subjects who died by suicide (MDD-S, n=51), MDD non-suicide subjects (MDD-NS, n=28), and non-psychiatric controls (CTRL, n=32). We analyzed glutamate transporters (EAAT1, EAAT2, VGLUT1, and VGLUT2) and monoaminergic genes (SERT, NET, DAT, PMAT, VMAT, TPH1 and TPH2). Females but not males with MDD showed higher expression of all glutamate transporters relative to CTRLs (P<0.05). MDD-S groups of both sexes had higher VGLUT2 expression (P<0.05). MDD-S females who were antidepressant positive (+) had lower EAAT1 expression (P=0.004), perhaps indicating poor treatment response. Analyses of monoaminergic genes revealed lower VMAT1 expression (P=0.002) in MDD males, and conversely higher VMAT2 in MDD females (P=0.004). MDD females also had higher VMAT2, TPH2 and NET expression (p<0.05), and in contrast, MDD males had lower VMAT1 and PMAT expression. Therefore, we report sex differences in the expression of glutamate transporters and some monoaminergic genes in the DLPFC in MDD. Most of these findings are novel, but lower EAAT1 expression in MDD-S replicates previous studies. Lower EAAT1 expression coupled with higher VGLUT2 expression in MDD-S may lead to increased synaptic glutamate, neuronal loss and glial loss in the DLPFC in MDD and suicide reported previously. These deficits may contribute to lower DLPFC activity, poor problem solving and impaired executive function exhibited in severe depression and suicide.
Tubulin Lattice in Cilia is in a Stressed Form Regulated by Microtubule Inner Proteins
Authors: Ichikawa Muneyoshi , Khalifa Ahmad Abdelzaher , Basu Kaustuv , Dai Daniel , Faghfor Maghrebi Mohammad Amin , Vargas Javier , Bui Khanh-Huy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCilia, the hair-like protrusions that beat at high frequencies to propel a cell or move fluid around the cell, are composed of radially bundled doublet microtubules. The doublet microtubule is composed of a 13-protofilament A-tubule, a partial 10-protofilament B-tubule and microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) inside the tubulin lattice. In this study, we present the near-atomic resolution map of theTetrahymenadoublet microtubules. The map demonstrates that the network of microtubule inner proteins is weaving into the tubulin lattice, forming an inner sheath of proteins. In addition, we also obtain the tubulin lattice structure with missing MIPs by Sarkosyl treatment. In this structure, the tubulin lattice showed significant longitudinal compaction and lateral angle changes between protofilaments. These results are evidence that the binding of MIPs directly affects and stabilizes the tubulin lattice. It is also suggested that the doublet microtubule is an intrinsically stressed filament and this stress could be exploited in the regulation of ciliary waveforms.
Achronopresence: how temporal visuotactile and visuomotor mismatches modulate embodiment
Authors: Roel Lesur Marte , Weijs Marieke Lieve , Simon Colin , Kannape Oliver Alan , Lenggenhager Bigna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe loss of body ownership, the feeling that your body and its limbs no longer belong to you, presents a severe clinical condition that has proven difficult to study directly. We here propose a novel paradigm using mixed reality to interfere with natural embodiment using temporally conflicting sensory signals from the own hand. In Experiment 1 we investigated how such a mismatch affects phenomenological and physiological aspects of embodiment, and identified its most important dimensions using a principle component analysis. The results suggest that such a mismatch induces a strong reduction in embodiment accompanied by an increase in feelings of disownership and deafference, which was, however, not reflected in physiological changes. In Experiment 2 we refined the paradigm to measure perceptual thresholds for temporal mismatches and compared how different multimodal, mismatching information alters the sense of embodiment. The results showed that while visual delay decreased embodiment both while actively moving and during passive touch, the effect was stronger for the former. Our results extend previous findings as they demonstrate that a sense of disembodiment can be induced through controlled multimodal mismatches about one’s own body and more so during active movement as compared to passive touch. Based on the ecologically more valid protocol we propose here, we argue that such a sense of disembodiment may fundamentally differ from disownership sensations as discussed in the rubber hand illusion literature, and emphasize its clinical relevance. This might importantly advance the current debate on the relative contribution of different modalities to our sense of body and its plasticity.
Protein structure prediction using sparse NOE and RDC restraints with Rosetta in CASP13
Authors: Kuenze Georg , Meiler Jens 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComputational methods that produce accurate protein structure models from limited experimental data, e.g. from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, hold great potential for biomedical research. The NMR-assisted modeling challenge in CASP13 provided a blind test to explore the capabilities and limitations of current modeling techniques in leveraging NMR data which had high sparsity, ambiguity and error rate for protein structure prediction. We describe our approach to predict the structure of these proteins leveraging the Rosetta software suite. Protein structure models were predictedde novousing a two-stage protocol. First, low-resolution models were generated with the Rosettade novomethod guided by non-ambiguous nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) contacts and residual dipolar coupling (RDC) restraints. Second, iterative model hybridization and fragment insertion with the Rosetta comparative modeling method was used to refine and regularize models guided by all ambiguous and non-ambiguous NOE contacts and RDCs. Nine out of 16 of the Rosettade novomodels had the correct fold (GDT-TS score >45) and in three cases high-resolution models were achieved (RMSD <3.5 Å). We also show that a meta-approach applying iterative Rosetta+NMR refinement on server-predicted models which employed non-NMR-contacts and structural templates leads to substantial improvement in model quality. Integrating these data-assisted refinement strategies with innovative non-data-assisted approaches which became possible in CASP13 such as high precision contact prediction will in the near future enable structure determination for large proteins that are outside of the realm of conventional NMR.
In silicobacteria evolve robust cooperation via complex quorum-sensing strategies
Authors: Wang Yifei , Rattray Jennifer B. , Thomas Stephen A. , Gurney James , Brown Sam P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany species of bacteria collectively sense and respond to their social and physical environment via ‘quorum sensing’ (QS), a communication system controlling extracellular cooperative traits. Despite detailed understanding of the mechanisms of signal production and response, there remains considerable debate over the functional role(s) of QS: in short, what is it for? Experimental studies have found support for diverse functional roles: density sensing, mass-transfer sensing, genotype sensing, etc. While consistent with theory, these results cannot separate whether these functions were drivers of QS adaption, or simply artifacts or ‘spandrels’ of systems shaped by distinct ecological pressures. The challenge of separating spandrels from drivers of adaptation is particularly hard to address using extant bacterial species with poorly understood current ecologies (let alone their ecological histories). To understand the relationship between environmental challenges and trajectories of QS evolution, we used an agent-based simulation modeling approach. Given genetic mixing, our simulations produce behaviors that recapitulate features of diverse microbial QS systems, including coercive (high signal / low response) and generalized reciprocity (signal auto-regulation) strategists — that separately and in combination contribute to QS-dependent resilience of QS-controlled cooperation in the face of diverse cheats. We contrast ourin silicoresults with bacterial QS architectures that have evolved under largely unknown ecological contexts, highlighting the critical role of genetic constraints in shaping the shorter term (experimental evolution) dynamics of QS. More broadly, we see experimental evolution of digital organisms as a complementary tool in the search to understand the emergence of complex QS architectures and functions.Author summaryBacteria communicate and cooperate using complex cell-cell signaling systems known as quorum-sensing (QS). While the molecular mechanisms are often well understood, the reasons why bacteria use QS are less clear — how has QS aided survival and growth? The answer to this question is dependent on the environment of adaptation, and unfortunately our current understanding of QS bacterial ecology is broadly lacking. To address this gap, we studied the evolution of ‘digital organisms’, individual-based computer simulations of bacterial populations evolving under defined environmental contexts. Our results pinpoint how simple environmental challenges (variable density and genetic mixing) can lead to the emergence of complex strategies that recapitulate features of bacterial QS, and open a path towards reverse-engineering the environmental drivers of QS.
Motion prediction enables simulated MR-imaging of freely moving model organisms
Authors: Reischl Markus , Jouda Mazin , MacKinnon Neil , Fuhrer Erwin , Bakhtina Natalia , Bartschat Andreas , Mikut Ralf , Korvink Jan G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMagnetic resonance tomography typically applies the Fourier transform tok-space signals repeatedly acquired from a frequency encoded spatial region of interest, therefore requiring a stationary object during scanning. Any movement of the object results in phase errors in the recorded signal, leading to deformed images, phantoms, and artifacts, since the encoded information does not originate from the intended region of the object. However, if the type and magnitude of movement is known instantaneously, the scanner or the reconstruction algorithm could be adjusted to compensate for the movement, directly allowing high quality imaging with non-stationary objects. This would be an enormous boon to studies that tie cell metabolomics to spontaneous organism behaviour, eliminating the stress otherwise necessitated by restraining measures such as anesthesia or clamping.In the present theoretical study, we use a phantom of the animal modelC. elegansto examine the feasibility to automatically predict its movement and position, and to evaluate the impact of movement prediction, within a sufficiently long time horizon, on image reconstruction. For this purpose, we use automated image processing to annotate body parts in freely movingC. elegans, and predict their path of movement. We further introduce an MRI simulation platform based on brightfield-videos of the moving worm, combined with a stack of high resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM) slice images as virtual high resolution phantoms. A phantom provides an indication of the spatial distribution of signal-generating nuclei on a particular imaging slice. We show that adjustment of the scanning to the predicted movements strongly reduces distortions in the resulting image, opening the door for implementation in a high-resolution NMR scanner.
Competitive advantage and industrial district
Authors: Claver-Cortés Enrique , Marco-Lajara Bartolomé , Seva-Larrosa Pedro , Ruiz-Fernández Lorena 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to know the dimension and scope that research on the district effect has had in the literature about industrial districts, as well as to shed some light on the connection between industrial districts and business results; or expressed differently, on how being located in an industrial district or not affects or might influence the performance of the firms located therein.Design/methodology/approachThe purpose of this paper has been achieved through an exhaustive review of the empirical literature dedicated to the so-called district effect. The papers selected in the analysis were selected on the basis of the following criteria: (1) publications in scientific journals; (2) studies carried out in Spain and Italy; and (3) works published between 1994 and 2017.FindingsThe outcome of the literature review suggests, on the one hand, that the debate on the extent to which the territory influences the competitiveness of firms located in industrial districts still remains a topic of great interest. It can additionally be observed that most of the works dedicated to measuring the district effect have done so using three dimensions: (1) productivity/efficiency; (2) international competitiveness; and (3) innovation.Practical implicationsFrom a theoretical perspective, the findings of this paper make it possible to carry out an integrating proposal for the measurement of the district effect which revolves around three dimensions (productivity/efficiency; international competitiveness; and innovation).Originality/valueThis paper makes a twofold contribution to the literature: (i) it brings together the most important empirical contributions that measure the competitive advantages obtained by firms located in industrial districts through the district effect; and (ii) it theoretically and empirically establishes the essential dimensions of that effect.
The impact of actors, networks and institutions in the cluster’s evolution
Authors: Scur Gabriela , Garcia Renato 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze the impact of the capabilities and strategies of the actors (micro-dynamics), learning process and networks (meso-dynamics) and institutions (macro-dynamics) in the evolution of the Brazilian ceramic clusters. Based on these experiences, managerial and policy implications are suggested.

Design/methodology/approach
Main data were gathered through 22 in-depth face-to-face interviews with managers and industry experts. The data were complemented by documentary analysis, including brand documents, descriptions of internal processes and Brazilian and international ceramics magazines and journals. In addition, the authors also use information from the previous experience of the authors who have been studying the sector for more than 15 years.

Findings
The paper provides empirical insights about the main characteristics of the evolution of two main Brazilian ceramic tiles clusters, as well as how there are different patterns of evolution among them. The results of this paper show that Brazilian ceramic tile clusters do not necessarily follow the life cycle model of their dominant industry, by proving evidence that different clusters in the same industry can follow different evolutionary paths.

Research limitations/implications
This paper shed light on a multi-level approach (micro, meso and macro) of dynamics of the clusters and how it impacts the cluster’s life cycle. The micro-dynamics dimension was analyzed by the capabilities and strategies of local ceramic tile manufacturers. The meso-dynamics are being considered the localized learning processes, especially from those that arise from interactions, collaboration and networks carried by local and foreign suppliers. The macro-dynamics were considered by the role of local demand, factors conditions, institutions, historical legacy in the clusters’ emergence along with path dependence mechanisms.

Practical implications
The paper includes implications for both clusters to promote innovation, particularly to keep and create market and technological leadership through the establishment of partnership between firms and clients, regulators and research centers and universities are crucial for innovation.

Originality/value
This paper fulfils an identified lack of attention regarding the under-appreciation of the context-specific issues such as the capabilities of the actors, networks and institutions that may influence the long-term development of clusters.