bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of thaumarchaeal gene expression in culture and diverse marine environments
Authors: Carini Paul , Dupont Christopher L. , Santoro Alyson E. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThaumarchaea are ubiquitous in marine habitats where they participate in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Although metatranscriptomes suggest thaumarchaea are active microbes in marine waters, we understand little about how thaumarchaeal gene expression patterns relate to substrate utilization and activity. Here, we report the global transcriptional response of the marine ammonia‐oxidizing thaumarchaeon ‘Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus brevis’ str. CN25 to ammonia limitation using RNA‐Seq. We further describe the genome and transcriptome of Ca. N. brevis str. U25, a new strain capable of urea utilization. Ammonia limitation in CN25 resulted in reduced expression of transcripts coding for ammonia oxidation proteins, and increased expression of a gene coding an Hsp20‐like chaperone. Despite significantly different transcript abundances across treatments, two ammonia monooxygenase subunits (amoAB), a nitrite reductase (nirK) and both ammonium transporter genes were always among the most abundant transcripts, regardless of growth state. Ca. N. brevis str. U25 cells expressed a urea transporter 139‐fold more than the urease catalytic subunit ureC. Gene coexpression networks derived from culture transcriptomes and 10 thaumarchaea‐enriched metatranscriptomes revealed a high degree of correlated gene expression across disparate environmental conditions and identified a module of coexpressed genes, including amoABC and nirK, that we hypothesize to represent the core ammonia oxidation machinery.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis uses a reductive iron assimilation pathway for high‐affinity iron uptake
Authors: Tamayo Elisabeth , Knight Simon A. B. , Valderas Ascensión , Dancis Andrew , Ferrol Nuria 
Published: April 2018

SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve iron (Fe) acquisition of their host plants. Here, we report a characterization of two components of the high‐affinity reductive Fe uptake system of Rhizophagus irregularis, the ferric reductase (RiFRE1) and the high affinity Fe permeases (RiFTR1‐2). In the extraradical mycelia (ERM), Fe deficiency induced activation of a plasma membrane‐localized ferric reductase, an enzyme that reduces Fe(III) sources to the more soluble Fe(II). Yeast mutant complementation assays showed that RiFRE1 encodes a functional ferric reductase and RiFTR1 an iron permease. In the heterologous system, RiFTR1 was expressed in the plasma membrane while RiFTR2 was expressed in the endomembranes. In the ERM, the highest expression levels of RiFTR1 were found in mycelia grown in media with 0.045 mM Fe, while RiFTR2 was upregulated under Fe‐deficient conditions. RiFTR2 expression also increased in the intraradical mycelia (IRM) of maize plants grown without Fe. These data indicate that the Fe permease RiFTR1 plays a key role in Fe acquisition and that RiFTR2 is involved in Fe homeostasis under Fe‐limiting conditions. RiFTR1 was highly expressed in the (IRM), which suggests that the maintenance of Fe homeostasis in the IRM might be essential for a successful symbiosis.
Phosphodiesterase PdeD, dynacortin, and a Kelch repeat‐containing protein are direct GSK3 substrates in Dictyostelium that contribute to chemotaxis towards cAMP
Authors: Baumgardner Kimberly , Lin Connie , Firtel Richard A. , Lacal Jesus 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe migration of cells according to a diffusible chemical signal in their environment is called chemotaxis, and the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is widely used for the study of eukaryotic chemotaxis. Dictyostelium must sense chemicals, such as cAMP, secreted during starvation to move towards the sources of the signal. Previous work demonstrated that the gskA gene encodes the Dictyostelium homologue of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, which plays a major role in the regulation of Dictyostelium chemotaxis. Cells lacking the GskA substrates Daydreamer and GflB exhibited chemotaxis defects less severe than those exhibited by gskA‐ (GskA null) cells, suggesting that additional GskA substrates might be involved in chemotaxis. Using phosphoproteomics we identify the GskA substrates PdeD, dynacortin and SogA and characterize the phenotypes of their respective null cells in response to the chemoattractant cAMP. All three chemotaxis phenotypes are defective, and in addition, we determine that carboxylesterase D2 is a common downstream effector of GskA, its direct substrates PdeD, GflB and the kinases GlkA and YakA, and that it also contributes to cell migration. Our findings identify new GskA substrates in cAMP signalling and break down the essential role of GskA in myosin II regulation.
Fit to father? Online accounts of lifestyle changes and help‐seeking on a male infertility board
Authors: Hanna Esmée , Gough Brendan , Hudson Nicky 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe reproductive realm is routinely viewed as a feminised space requiring women's commitment and labour. By contrast, men's procreative contributions and ‘reproductive masculinity’ is represented as unproblematic, with men assumed to be fertile across the lifespan. Recent scientific research has, however, cast doubt over these longstanding assumptions, suggesting that a link does exist between ‘lifestyle’ factors and male fertility. The notion that fertility can be improved with effort (for both women and men) can be located within wider cultural and political shifts which construct individuals as increasingly responsible for acting on health messages and engaging in self‐disciplining body projects. Through an exploration of ‘lifestyle changes’ within a men's online infertility discussion forum board, this paper examines how discourses of individualisation healthism and masculinity are reproduced and interlinked. Our thematic analysis indicates that ‘lifestyle work’ is construed as crucial for achieving conception ‐ and as a means to demonstrate men's commitment to the dyadic goal of parenthood, which in turn may challenge and extend previous notions of ‘reproductive masculinity’.
Antibody‐mediated rejection induced cardiogenic shock: Too late for conventional therapy
Authors: Coutance Guillaume , Van Aelst Lucas , Hékimian Guillaume , Vidal Charles , Rouvier Philippe , Saheb Samir , Gautreau Chantal , Leprince Pascal , Varnous Shaida 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundData are scarce on the prognosis of heart allograft antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) with cardiogenic shock (CS).MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single center, observational study. We included patients with biopsy‐proven AMR and CS. We aimed to analyze the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of patients treated for CS due to AMR. Patients alive after AMR were followed to analyze recurrences of AMR, graft function, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV).ResultsSeventeen patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were mostly males (70%). Median age at diagnosis was 56 years, and median time between heart transplantation and AMR was 21 months. AMR was mostly due to high‐level de novo class II DSA. Only 2 patients had past history of biopsy‐proven AMR. Despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapies, in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality were as high as 76% and 82%, respectively. Four patients were discharged from hospital. Two of them were diagnosed with recurrent subclinical AMR: one died suddenly and the other presented rapidly progressive CAV.ConclusionCS due to AMR occurred mostly in patients without history of AMR who developed de novo class II DSA. Despite aggressive conventional immunosuppressive therapies, prognosis after CS due to AMR was poor.
Cleaved caspase‐3 expression is a potential prognostic factor for endometrial cancer with positive peritoneal cytology
Authors: Ogane N. , Yasuda M. , Kato H. , Kato T. , Yano M. , Kameda Y. , Kamoshida S. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionPositive peritoneal cytology (PPC) in endometrial cancer remains a controversial topic. Cleaved caspase‐3 (CC3) and Ki‐67 are excellent markers of apoptotic and proliferating cells, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine the significance of CC3 and Ki‐67 expression in peritoneal cytology samples as prognostic factors for endometrial cancer with PPC.MethodsSixty endometrial cancer specimens with PPC alone were divided into 51 endometrioid tumours (43 endometrioid carcinomas and eight carcinomas with squamous differentiation) and nine non‐endometrioid tumours (two serous carcinomas, three clear cell carcinomas and four carcinosarcomas). CC3 and Ki‐67 expression in peritoneal cytology samples were immunocytochemically assessed and correlated with disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsExpression levels of CC3 and Ki‐67 were not associated with any clinicopathological parameter. Patients with non‐endometrioid tumours had significantly shorter DFS (P = .001) and OS (P = .001). Low CC3 expression (CC3Low) was significantly associated with shorter OS (P = .02), but not DFS (P = .13). Multivariate analysis showed that non‐endometrioid histology and CC3Low were independent prognostic factors. However, Ki‐67 expression was not associated with survival. When endometrioid and non‐endometrioid tumours were assessed separately, CC3Low was significantly associated with shorter DFS (P = .002) and OS (P = .002) in patients with non‐endometrioid tumours.ConclusionsOur results suggest that CC3Low in peritoneal cytology samples is a poor prognostic factor in patients with endometrial cancers, especially non‐endometrioid tumours. Immunocytochemical analysis of CC3 expression could potentially facilitate identification of patients with high‐risk endometrial cancer with PPC.
The evolution of eccrine sweat gland research towards developing a model for human sweat gland function
Authors: Bovell Douglas L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor several decades now, researchers, professional bodies, governments, and journals such as the journal of Experimental Dermatology have worked to reduce the number of animals used in experimentation. This review centres on investigations into how human sweat glands produce sweat and how that research has evolved over the years. It is hoped that this review will show that as methodologies advanced, sweat gland research has come to rely less and less on a variety of animal models as investigative tools and information is being primarily obtained through human and mouse material, with a view to further reductions in using animal models.
Effectiveness of weekend physical rehabilitation for functional recovery in geriatric patients with hip fracture
Authors: Hasebe Kiyotaka , Momosaki Ryo , Sawabe Masashi , Chono Masayuki , Sawaguchi Akira , Kasuga Seiji , Asanuma Daichi , Suzuki Shoya , Miyauchi Narimi , Abo Masahiro 
Published: April 2018

AimTo test the hypothesis that the functional outcome of hip fracture patients who receive weekend rehabilitation is better than that of similar patients who undergo non‐weekend rehabilitation.MethodsThe present retrospective observational study used data from the Japan Rehabilitation Database spanning 2005–2015. We identified in‐hospital hip fracture patients admitted to acute hospitals. After applying exclusion criteria, 469 patients were eligible. The primary outcome was motor Functional Independence Measure (FIM) efficiency.ResultsOf the patients with hip fracture, 68.0% received weekend rehabilitation. The patients who received weekend rehabilitation had significantly higher scores in motor FIM efficiency (mean 1.08 vs 0.73, P < 0.001), FIM efficiency (mean 1.12 vs 0.79, P = 0.001) and shorter length of stay (mean 32 vs 54, P < 0.001) than the patients without weekend rehabilitation. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified the weekend rehabilitation as a significant factor in motor FIM efficiency (coefficient 0.237, 95% confidence interval 0.074–0.400, P = 0.004), FIM efficiency (coefficient 0.235, 95% confidence interval 0.079–0.391, P = 0.003) and length of stay (coefficient −9.649, 95% confidence interval −18.194 to −1.104, P = 0.027).ConclusionsThe present cohort analysis showed that weekend rehabilitation for hip fracture patients can lead to functional recovery and reduce the length of stay. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 1143–1146.
Goal Attainment Scaling for haemophilia (GAS‐Hēm): testing the feasibility of a new patient‐centric outcome measure in people with haemophilia
Authors: Roberts J. C. , Lattimore S. , Recht M. , Jackson S. , Gue D. , Squire S. , Robinson K. S. , Price V. , Denne M. , Richardson S. , Rockwood K. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionTo address the need for a patient‐reported outcome that can measure clinically and personally meaningful change in people with haemophilia (PwH) on prophylaxis, an approach based on Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) was developed: the GAS‐Hēm.AimTo establish real‐world feasibility of GAS‐Hēm in PwH.MethodsPatients aged 5‐65 years were enroled from four North American centres for a 12‐week study. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who completed GAS‐Hēm interviews at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. GAS‐Hēm scores were obtained by subject‐ and clinician‐rated goal attainment at Weeks 6 and 12, and compared with quality of life (QoL) measures and annualized bleed rate (ABR) for construct validity. Goals were evaluated qualitatively for content validity. Responsiveness was calculated using standardized response means (SRM).ResultsForty‐two participants set 63 goals. Participants preferred to define (37/63) their own goals or further individualize (23/63) from the GAS‐Hēm menu. Thirty of the 37 self‐defined goals were matched to goals on the GAS‐Hēm menu. The most common goal areas were: weight, exercise and nutrition (n = 17); leisure activities (n = 8); and joint problems (n = 7). Both participant‐ and clinician‐rated GAS‐Hēm scores at 6 weeks (n = 40) and 12 weeks (n = 41) demonstrated satisfactory goal attainment (SRM [subject‐rated] at 12 weeks for adult and paediatric groups was 1.25 and 1.16, respectively). Correlations of GAS‐Hēm scores with QoL measures and ABR were uniformly small.ConclusionGAS‐Hēm was feasible and tapped constructs not captured by ABR or QoL measures.
Bleeding‐related hospitalization in patients with von Willebrand disease and the impact of prophylaxis: Results from national registers in Sweden compared with normal controls and participants in the von Willebrand Disease Prophylaxis Network
Authors: Holm E. , Carlsson K. Steen , Lövdahl S. , Lail A. E. , Abshire T. C. , Berntorp E. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionPatients suffering from von Willebrand disease (VWD) have a variety of bleeding symptoms and require both outpatient care for treatment and, in more severe cases, hospitalization.AimTo investigate the impact of having VWD on frequency of hospitalization compared to a control group and to evaluate whether regular replacement therapy (prophylaxis) is associated with reduction in the number of hospitalizations.MethodsLinkage of national population‐based registries was used in the Congenital Bleeding Disorders study in Sweden (CBDS). Data were from the von Willebrand Disease Prophylaxis Network (VWD PN).ResultsThe national registries contained 2790 subjects with a diagnosis of VWD between 1987 and 2009. A total of 13 920 age‐ and gender‐matched controls were identified. There were 2.0 times (range 1.5‐2.5) as many inpatient hospitalizations among subjects with VWD compared to controls. The most common causes of hospitalization were gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (n = 232 as primary diagnosis), menorrhagia (n = 198) and epistaxis (n = 192). Outpatient visits per year were also twice as common among those with VWD. From the VWD PN, 105 subjects were included (VWD type 3, 52.4%; type2A, 22.9%; type 1, 12.4% and other types, 3.9%). A total of 122 hospitalizations due to bleeding episodes, dominated by GI bleeds, were analysed. Significantly fewer hospitalizations occurred after initiation of prophylaxis (75 prior to and 45 after, P = .006).ConclusionOur study indicates that subjects with VWD have a considerably higher consumption of healthcare resources compared to controls and that initiation of prophylaxis may reduce the number of hospitalizations due to bleeding.
A neural correlate for common trait dissociation: Decreased EEG connectivity is related to dissociative absorption
Authors: Soffer‐Dudek Nirit , Todder Doron , Shelef Leah , Deutsch Inbal , Gordon Shirley 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveDissociation refers to a disintegration between psychological elements; common manifestations are embodied in “absorption and imaginative involvement,” a propensity for being immersed in a stimulus while oblivious to the environment, and acting without awareness. Trait dissociation was hypothesized to relate to lower EEG signal connectivity, but studies on healthy populations are scarce. The present study set out to examine whether dissociative absorption in a nonclinical sample would be associated with decreased intrahemispheric coherence.MethodIn 84 healthy Israeli soldiers (49% females;Mage = 22.24,SD = 2.64), resting‐state electroencephalography (rsEEG) was recorded for a period of 3 min with eyes closed and 3 min with eyes open.ResultsDecreased coherence was related to high dissociative absorption in the long (frontal‐occipital) range, and in one of the pairs of the short range (central‐parietal). The effects emerged mostly in the left hemisphere, in both eyes‐open and eyes‐closed conditions, and for a range of spectral bands, although long‐range effects were more pronounced in slow‐wave bands (theta and delta).ConclusionsDissociative absorption is manifested in segregated cortical activity, supporting the notion that it may represent less integrated mental functioning. The findings contribute to our understanding of the neural correlates of consciousness and personality.
Parent–child genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia in an Australian context
Authors: Pang Jing , Martin Andrew C , Bates Timothy R , Hooper Amanda J , Bell Damon A , Burnett John R , Norman Richard , Watts Gerald F 
Published: April 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of parent–child testing for familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) employing genetic testing and the likely additional cost of treating each child.MethodsParent–child testing for gene variants causative of FH was carried out according to Australian guidelines. The number of new cases detected, the low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol that best predicted a mutation and the proportional reduction in LDL‐cholesterol following statin treatment was evaluated. Treatment costs were calculated as the cost per mmol/L reduction in LDL‐cholesterol.ResultsA total of 126 adult patients, known to have a pathogenic mutation causative of FH, and their children were studied. From 244 children identified, 148 (60.7%) were genetically screened; 84 children were identified as mutative positive (M+) and 64 as mutative negative. Six of the M+ children were already on statin treatment; 40 were subsequently treated with low‐dose statins, with LDL‐cholesterol falling significantly by 38% (P < 0.001). The estimated cost per mmol/L reduction of LDL‐cholesterol of a child receiving statins from ages 10 to 18 years is AU$1361, which can potentially be cost‐effective. An LDL‐cholesterol threshold of 3.5 mmol/L had a sensitivity of 92.8% and specificity of 96.6% for the detection of a mutation.ConclusionGenetic testing of children of affected parents with FH is an effective means of detecting new cases of FH. Cascade testing can enable early statin therapy with significant reductions in LDL‐cholesterol concentration.
Smartphone addiction risk and daytime sleepiness in Korean adolescents
Authors: Chung Jee Eun , Choi Soo An , Kim Ki Tai , Yee Jeong , Kim Joo Hee , Seong Jin Won , Seong Jong Mi , Kim Ju Young , Lee Kyung Eun , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: April 2018

AimSmartphone overuse can cause not only mobility problems in the wrists, fingers and neck but also interference with sleep habits. However, research on smartphone addiction and sleep disturbances is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate daytime sleepiness in association with smartphone addiction risk in Korean adolescents.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey method was used in this study. The Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale was used to assess daytime sleepiness, and the Korean Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale index was used to evaluate the degree of risk for smartphone addiction.ResultsThe analyses were performed in 1796 adolescents using smartphones, including 820 boys and 976 girls. The at‐risk smartphone users made up 15.1% of boys and 23.9% of girls. Our multivariate analyses demonstrated that students who were female, consumed alcohol, had lower academic performance, did not feel refreshed in the morning and initiated sleep after 12 am were at a significantly higher risk of smartphone addiction. The at‐risk smartphone user group was independently associated with the upper quartile Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale score in students with the following factors: Female gender, alcohol consumption, poor self‐perceived health level, initiating sleep after 12 am, longer time taken to fall asleep and duration of night sleep less than 6 h.ConclusionsThe quality of sleep in adolescence affects growth, emotional stability and learning skills. Therefore, the management of smartphone addiction seems to be essential for proper sleeping habits. There is a critical need to develop a means of preventing smartphone addiction on a social level.
Pilot study of acupuncture to treat anxiety in children and adolescents
Authors: Leung Brenda , Takeda Wendy , Holec Victoria 
Published: April 2018

AimThis pilot study investigated the use of acupuncture in the treatment of paediatric anxiety.MethodsChildren with anxiety, aged 8–16, were randomised to either the acupuncture or waitlist control groups. Anxiety was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM‐A) for children and adolescents with generalised anxiety disorder and Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children 2nd Edition (MASC‐2) self‐rated and parent‐rated forms.ResultsTwenty participants were enrolled in the study and 19 completed all the questionnaires to be included in the analysis. There were no differences in socio‐demographic characteristics at baseline between the two groups. At the second assessment, the mean MASC‐parent score for the acupuncture group was significantly lower than the waitlist group (65.6 (SD 15.0) compared to 81.0 (SD 11.9), P = 0.025) with an effect size = 1.13. The pre‐ and post‐treatment comparisons were also significantly lower for both groups in the anxiety measures. In the acupuncture group, MASC‐parent (P = 0.008, effect size 0.75) and the HAM‐A (P < 0.001, effect size 1.4). In the waitlist group, MASC‐self (P = 0.022; effect size 0.4), MASC‐parent (P = 0.048; effect size 0.75) and HAM‐A (P = 0.007; effect size 1.21).ConclusionsThis study provided promising results on the potential use of acupuncture to treat children and adolescents with general anxiety. Future research using a randomised control trial with a sufficient sample size to control for confounders and sham (placebo) comparators is warranted.