bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin electronic synapse having high temporal/spatial uniformity and an Al2O3/graphene quantum dots/Al2O3 sandwich structure for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Xu Zhongwei , Li Fushan , Wu Chaoxing , Ma Fumin , Zheng Yueting , Yang Kaiyu , Chen Wei , Hu Hailong , Guo Tailiang , Kim Tae Whan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn electronic synapse (e-synapse) based on memristive switching is a promising electronic element that emulates a biological synapse to realize neuromorphic computing. However, the complex resistive switching process it relies on hampers the reproducibility of its performance. Thus, achievement of a reproducible electronic synapse with a high rate of finished products has become a significant challenge in the development of an artificial intelligent circuit. Here, we demonstrate an ultrathin e-synapse having high yield (>95%), minimal performance variation, and extremely low power consumption based on an Al2O3/graphene quantum dots/Al2O3 sandwich structure that was fabricated using atomic layer deposition. The e-synapse showed both high device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle reproducibility with high stability, endurance, and switching uniformity, because the essential synaptic behaviors could be observed. This implementation of an e-synapse with an Al2O3/graphene quantum dots/Al2O3 structure should intensify motivation for engineering e-synapses for neuromorphic computing.
Hydroxyl super rotors from vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of water
Authors: Chang Yao , Yu Yong , Wang Heilong , Hu Xixi , Li Qinming , Yang Jiayue , Su Shu , He Zhigang , Chen Zhichao , Che Li , Wang Xingan , Zhang Weiqing , Wu Guorong , Xie Daiqian , Ashfold Michael N. R. , Yuan Kaijun , Yang Xueming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydroxyl radicals (OH) play a central role in the interstellar medium. Here, we observe highly rotationally excited OH radicals with energies above the bond dissociation energy, termed OH “super rotors”, from the vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of water. The most highly excited OH(X) super rotors identified at 115.2 nm photolysis have an internal energy of 4.86 eV. A striking enhancement in the yield of vibrationally-excited OH super rotors is detected when exciting the bending vibration of the water molecule. Theoretical analysis shows that bending excitation enhances the probability of non-adiabatic coupling between the $$\tilde B$$

B

̃

and $$\tilde X$$

X

̃

states of water at collinear O–H–H geometries following fast internal conversion from the initially excited $$\tilde D$$

D

̃

state. The present study illustrates a route to produce extremely rotationally excited OH(X) radicals from vacuum ultraviolet water photolysis, which may be related to the production of the highly rotationally excited OH(X) radicals observed in the interstellar medium.
New estimates of flood exposure in developing countries using high-resolution population data
Authors: Smith Andrew , Bates Paul D. , Wing Oliver , Sampson Christopher , Quinn Niall , Neal Jeff 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCurrent estimates of global flood exposure are made using datasets that distribute population counts homogenously across large lowland floodplain areas. When intersected with simulated water depths, this results in a significant mis-estimation. Here, we use new highly resolved population information to show that, in reality, humans make more rational decisions about flood risk than current demographic data suggest. In the new data, populations are correctly represented as risk-averse, largely avoiding obvious flood zones. The results also show that existing demographic datasets struggle to represent concentrations of exposure, with the total exposed population being spread over larger areas. In this analysis we use flood hazard data from a ~90 m resolution hydrodynamic inundation model to demonstrate the impact of different population distributions on flood exposure calculations for 18 developing countries spread across Africa, Asia and Latin America. The results suggest that many published large-scale flood exposure estimates may require significant revision.
Felodipine induces autophagy in mouse brains with pharmacokinetics amenable to repurposing
Authors: Siddiqi Farah H. , Menzies Fiona M. , Lopez Ana , Stamatakou Eleanna , Karabiyik Cansu , Ureshino Rodrigo , Ricketts Thomas , Jimenez-Sanchez Maria , Esteban Miguel Angel , Lai Liangxue , Tortorella Micky D. , Luo Zhiwei , Liu Hao , Metzakopian Emmanouil , Fernandes Hugo J. R. , Bassett Andrew , Karran Eric , Miller Bruce L. , Fleming Angeleen , Rubinsztein David C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease manifest with the neuronal accumulation of toxic proteins. Since autophagy upregulation enhances the clearance of such proteins and ameliorates their toxicities in animal models, we and others have sought to re-position/re-profile existing compounds used in humans to identify those that may induce autophagy in the brain. A key challenge with this approach is to assess if any hits identified can induce neuronal autophagy at concentrations that would be seen in humans taking the drug for its conventional indication. Here we report that felodipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker and anti-hypertensive drug, induces autophagy and clears diverse aggregate-prone, neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins. Felodipine can clear mutant α-synuclein in mouse brains at plasma concentrations similar to those that would be seen in humans taking the drug. This is associated with neuroprotection in mice, suggesting the promise of this compound for use in neurodegeneration.
AURKB as a target in non-small cell lung cancer with acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy
Authors: Bertran-Alamillo Jordi , Cattan Valérie , Schoumacher Marie , Codony-Servat Jordi , Giménez-Capitán Ana , Cantero Frédérique , Burbridge Mike , Rodríguez Sonia , Teixidó Cristina , Roman Ruth , Castellví Josep , García-Román Silvia , Codony-Servat Carles , Viteri Santiago , Cardona Andrés-Felipe , Karachaliou Niki , Rosell Rafael , Molina-Vila Miguel-Angel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors harboring mutations in EGFR ultimately relapse to therapy with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs). Here, we show that resistant cells without the p.T790M or other acquired mutations are sensitive to the Aurora B (AURKB) inhibitors barasertib and S49076. Phospho-histone H3 (pH3), a major product of AURKB, is increased in most resistant cells and treatment with AURKB inhibitors reduces the levels of pH3, triggering G1/S arrest and polyploidy. Senescence is subsequently induced in cells with acquired mutations while, in their absence, polyploidy is followed by cell death. Finally, in NSCLC patients, pH3 levels are increased after progression on EGFR TKIs and high pH3 baseline correlates with shorter survival. Our results reveal that AURKB activation is associated with acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs, and that AURKB constitutes a potential target in NSCLC progressing to anti-EGFR therapy and not carrying resistance mutations.
Reconstitution of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide pathway for assembly of high-mannose N-glycans
Authors: Li Sheng-Tao , Lu Tian-Tian , Xu Xin-Xin , Ding Yi , Li Zijie , Kitajima Toshihiko , Dean Neta , Wang Ning , Gao Xiao-Dong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe asparagine (N)-linked Man9GlcNAc2 is required for glycoprotein folding and secretion. Understanding how its structure contributes to these functions has been stymied by our inability to produce this glycan as a homogenous structure of sufficient quantities for study. Here, we report the high yield chemoenzymatic synthesis of Man9GlcNAc2 and its biosynthetic intermediates by reconstituting the eukaryotic lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum mannosyltransferases (MTases) are expressed in E. coli and used for mannosylation of the dolichol mimic, phytanyl pyrophosphate GlcNAc2. These recombinant MTases recognize unique substrates and when combined, synthesize end products that precisely mimic those in vivo, demonstrating that ordered assembly of LLO is due to the strict enzyme substrate specificity. Indeed, non-physiological glycans are produced only when the luminal MTases are challenged with cytosolic substrates. Reconstitution of the LLO pathway to synthesize Man9GlcNAc2 in vitro provides an important tool for functional studies of the N-linked glycoprotein biosynthesis pathway.
L amino acid transporter structure and molecular bases for the asymmetry of substrate interaction
Authors: Errasti-Murugarren Ekaitz , Fort Joana , Bartoccioni Paola , Díaz Lucía , Pardon Els , Carpena Xavier , Espino-Guarch Meritxell , Zorzano Antonio , Ziegler Christine , Steyaert Jan , Fernández-Recio Juan , Fita Ignacio , Palacín Manuel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractL-amino acid transporters (LATs) play key roles in human physiology and are implicated in several human pathologies. LATs are asymmetric amino acid exchangers where the low apparent affinity cytoplasmic side controls the exchange of substrates with high apparent affinity on the extracellular side. Here, we report the crystal structures of an LAT, the bacterial alanine-serine-cysteine exchanger (BasC), in a non-occluded inward-facing conformation in both apo and substrate-bound states. We crystallized BasC in complex with a nanobody, which blocks the transporter from the intracellular side, thus unveiling the sidedness of the substrate interaction of BasC. Two conserved residues in human LATs, Tyr 236 and Lys 154, are located in equivalent positions to the Na1 and Na2 sites of sodium-dependent APC superfamily transporters. Functional studies and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations reveal that these residues are key for the asymmetric substrate interaction of BasC and in the homologous human transporter Asc-1.
Plasticiser loss from plastic or rubber products through diffusion and evaporation
Authors: Wei Xin-Feng , Linde Erik , Hedenqvist Mikael S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPolymers experience degradation during storage and service. One of the main degradation mechanisms of plasticised-polymer products is the loss of plasticiser, which leads to poorer mechanical properties and eventual contamination of the surrounding environment. This paper addresses the kinetics and predictions of plasticiser migration from polymers to a surrounding gas phase, an important issue for plastic and rubber products exposed to high service temperature conditions and during accelerated ageing and testing. The features and factors influencing the two migration-rate-limiting modes (plasticiser evaporation and diffusion), as well as migration issues related to bio-based plasticisers and plasticiser-biopolymer systems, are discussed.
A dataset of publication records for Nobel laureates
Authors: Li Jichao , Yin Yian , Fortunato Santo , Wang Dashun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA central question in the science of science concerns how to develop a quantitative understanding of the evolution and impact of individual careers. Over the course of history, a relatively small fraction of individuals have made disproportionate, profound, and lasting impacts on science and society. Despite a long-standing interest in the careers of scientific elites across diverse disciplines, it remains difficult to collect large-scale career histories that could serve as training sets for systematic empirical and theoretical studies. Here, by combining unstructured data collected from CVs, university websites, and Wikipedia, together with the publication and citation database from Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG), we reconstructed publication histories of nearly all Nobel prize winners from the past century, through both manual curation and algorithmic disambiguation procedures. Data validation shows that the collected dataset presents among the most comprehensive collection of publication records for Nobel laureates currently available. As our quantitative understanding of science deepens, this dataset is expected to have increasing value. It will not only allow us to quantitatively probe novel patterns of productivity, collaboration, and impact governing successful scientific careers, it may also help us unearth the fundamental principles underlying creativity and the genesis of scientific breakthroughs.
Regeneration of Phaseolus vulgaris from epicotyls and hypocotyls via direct organogenesis
Authors: Hnatuszko-Konka Katarzyna , Kowalczyk Tomasz , Gerszberg Aneta , Glińska Sława , Grzegorczyk-Karolak Izabela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe tissue culture of Phaseolus vulgaris has always been considered difficult. Its regenerative capacity and response to culture conditions are highly genotype-dependent and hamper the application of genetic engineering. The objective of this study was to develop a repeatable technique for organogenic bud induction from selected explants of the common bean. Epicotyls and hypocotyls of six cultivars were investigated to determine the effect of the genotype, and four variants of two basal media (Murashige-Skoog and Gamborg) were tested. The composition of these medium variants was based on the published data suggesting the most universal medium compounds that show the advantage of being applicable to different cultivars. As a result, the common bean epicotyls showed undisputed regeneration superiority over the hypocotyls. Moreover, a well-known observation was confirmed, namely that common bean regeneration is cultivar-specific or at least specific to the cluster of related cultivars. However, efficient regeneration was achieved most often when the epicotyls were incubated on the MS or B5 media amended with AgNO3 and BAP. Additionally, the positive synergistic influence of activated charcoal and silver nitrate on bud formation was demonstrated. The highest values of the epicotyl in vitro response for the common bean cultivars could be presented as follows: Czerwona (70.00%) > Goldpantera (58.89%) and Ibiza (58.89%) > Plus (55.56%) > Laponia (50.56%) > Złota Saxa (46.11%).
Low molecular weight heparin and direct oral anticoagulants influence tumour formation, growth, invasion and vascularisation by separate mechanisms
Authors: Featherby Sophie , Xiao Yu Pei , Ettelaie Camille , Nikitenko Leonid L. , Greenman John , Maraveyas Anthony 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe bidirectional association between coagulation and cancer has been established. However, anticoagulant therapies have been reported to have beneficial outcomes by influencing the vascularisation of the tumours. In this study the influence of a set of anticoagulants on tumour formation, invasion and vascularisation was examined. WM-266-4 melanoma and AsPC-1 pancreatic cancer cell lines were treated with LMWH (Tinzaparin and Dalteparin), and DOAC (Apixaban and Rivaroxaban) and the rate of tumour formation, growth and invasion were measured in vitro. In addition, the influence of these anticoagulants on vascularisation was examined using the chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) model and compared to the outcome of treatment with Bevacizumab. Using this model the influence of pharmacological concentrations of the anticoagulant on the growth, invasion and vascularisation of tumours derived from WM-266-4 and AsPC-1 cells was also measured in vivo. Tinzaparin and Daltepain reduced tumour formation and invasion by the cell lines in vitro, but with dissimilar potencies. In addition, treatment of CAM with LMWH reduced the local vascular density beyond that achievable with Bevacizumab, particularly suppressing the formation of larger-diameter blood vessels. In contrast, treatment with DOAC was largely ineffective. Treatment of CAM-implanted tumours with LMWH also reduced tumour vascularisation, while treatment of tumours with Apixaban reduced tumour growth in vivo. In conclusion, LMWH and DOAC appear to have anti-cancer properties that are exerted through different mechanisms.
Asymmetric dynamics of edge exchange spin waves in honeycomb nanoribbons with zigzag and bearded edge boundaries
Authors: Ghader D. , Khater A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report on the theoretical prediction of asymmetric edge spin waves, propagating in opposite directions at the boundaries of antiferromagnetic honeycomb nanoribbons with zigzag and bearded edges. The simultaneous propagation of edge spin waves along the same direction on both edges of the nanoribbons is forbidden. These asymmetric exchange spin waves at the edge boundaries are analogous to the nonreciprocal surface spin waves reported in magnetic thin films. Their existence is related to the nontrivial symmetry underlying these nanoribbons types. The discretized bulk and the edge exchange spin waves are calculated for the long wavelength part of the nanoribbon Brillouin zone (BZ), using the classical field spin wave theory and notably appropriate boundary conditions. In the absence of an external magnetic field in our study, the asymmetric edge spin waves propagate with equal frequencies and along opposite directions. The edge spin waves are characterized by linear dispersion relations for magnetically isotropic nanoribbons. For magnetically anisotropic nanoribbons, our calculations show that the energy gap between the edge and bulk spin waves is enhanced for both types of zigzag and bearded nanoribbons. The large energy gap separates the edge modes from overlapping the bulk ones. Also, we explain why our results for anisotropic zigzag nanoribbons go beyond previous studies based on a quantum approach in the linear spin wave approximation.
Machine learning accurately classifies age of toddlers based on eye tracking
Authors: Dalrymple Kirsten A. , Jiang Ming , Zhao Qi , Elison Jed T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHow people extract visual information from complex scenes provides important information about cognitive processes. Eye tracking studies that have used naturalistic, rather than highly controlled experimental stimuli, reveal that variability in looking behavior is determined by bottom-up image properties such as intensity, color, and orientation, top-down factors such as task instructions and semantic information, and individual differences in genetics, cognitive function and social functioning. These differences are often revealed using areas of interest that are chosen by the experimenter or other human observers. In contrast, we adopted a data-driven approach by using machine learning (Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Deep Learning (DL)) to elucidate factors that contribute to age-related variability in gaze patterns. These models classified the infants by age with a high degree of accuracy, and identified meaningful features distinguishing the age groups. Our results demonstrate that machine learning is an effective tool for understanding how looking patterns vary according to age, providing insight into how toddlers allocate attention and how that changes with development. This sensitivity for detecting differences in exploratory gaze behavior in toddlers highlights the utility of machine learning for characterizing a variety of developmental capacities.
Role of adipose tissue GLP-1R expression in metabolic improvement after bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ejarque Miriam , Guerrero-Pérez Fernando , de la Morena Nuria , Casajoana Anna , Virgili Nuria , López-Urdiales Rafael , Maymó-Masip Elsa , Pujol Gebelli Jordi , Garcia Ruiz de Gordejuela Amador , Perez-Maraver Manuel , Pellitero Silvia , Fernández-Veledo Sonia , Vendrell Joan , Vilarrasa Nuria 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe aimed to explore the relationship between GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) expression in adipose tissue (AT) and incretin secretion, glucose homeostasis and weight loss, in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes undergoing bariatric surgery. RNA was extracted from subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) AT biopsies from 40 patients randomized to metabolic gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy or greater curvature plication. Biochemical parameters, fasting plasma insulin, glucagon and area under the curve (AUC) of GLP-1 following a standard meal test were determined before and 1 year after bariatric surgery. GLP-1R expression was higher in VAT than in SAT. GLP-1R expression in VAT correlated with weight (r = −0.453, p = 0.008), waist circumference (r = −0.494, p = 0.004), plasma insulin (r = −0.466, p = 0.007), and systolic blood pressure (BP) (r = −0.410, p = 0.018). At 1 year, GLP-1R expression in VAT was negatively associated with diastolic BP (r = −0.361, p = 0.039) and, following metabolic gastric bypass, with the increase of GLP-1 AUC, (R2 = 0.46, p = 0.038). Finally, GLP-1R in AT was similar independently of diabetes outcomes and was not associated with weight loss after surgery. Thus, GLP-1R expression in AT is of limited value to predict incretin response and does not play a role in metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery.
The evaluation of monocyte lymphocyte ratio as a preoperative predictor in urothelial malignancies: a pooled analysis based on comparative studies
Authors: Zhu Xuan , Wu Shui-Qing , Xu Ran , Wang Yin-Huai , Zhong Zhao-Hui , Zhang Lei , Zhao Xiao-Kun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn recent years, several studies have reported monocyte lymphocyte ratio (MLR) to predict prognosis in various tumors. Our study was performed to evaluate the association between preoperative MLR between prognostic variables in urothelial carcinoma patients. Systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of science. The correlation between preoperative MLR and overall survival (OS), cancer specific survival (CSS), disease free survival (DFS)/relapse free survival (RFS), progression free survival(PFS) was evaluated in urothelial carcinoma patients. Meanwhile, the association between MLR and clinicopathological characteristics was assessed. Finally, 12 comparative studies comprising a total of 6209 patients were included for pooled analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs), odds ratios (ORs)and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were further analyzed as effect measures. The pooled results demonstrated that elevated preoperative MLR indicated unfavorable OS (HR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.18-1.39, I2 = 33.6%), DFS/RFS (HR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.30–1.55, I2 = 0.0%) and CSS (HR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.29–1.52, I2 = 0.0%). Moreover, the pooled results also suggested that elevated preoperative MLR was correlated with high tumor stage (OR = 1.22, 95%CI = 1.07–1.37, I2 = 0.0%) in urothelial carcinoma patients. No significant association was found between preoperative MLR and PFS in upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) patients. Collectively, elevated preoperative MLR predicted poor prognosis in urothelial carcinoma and have the potential to be a feasible and cost-effective prognostic predictor for management of urothelial carcinoma.