bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHENOL OXIDATION USING NATURAL ZEOLITE SUPPORTED METAL ION CATALYST
Authors: Wardhani Sri , Purwonugroho Danar , Mardiana Diah 
Published: January 2019

Phenol which contained in waste water has to be reduced and it could be done by oxygen oxidation. In order to increase the rate of reaction it was needed a catalyst. In this research the capability of various catalysts, namely zeolite-Zn(II), zeolite-Cu(II) and zeolite-Co(II)in oxidation of phenol has been investigated. The aim of this research was to study the type of metal ion catalyst towards the percentage of oxidated phenol. The oxidation process were carried out in an aqueous phenol of 100 ppm with oxygen flow rate of 200 mL/min. in the presence of catalysts with 0.2M of initial impregnation concentration. The capabilities of catalysts were performed by calculating the activation energy and it was done at two different temperatures, i.e. 70 and 90 oC. The percentage of oxidated phenol was determinated by measuring its concentration using UV-VIS spectrophotometer. In addition, the impregnated metal was calculated by measuring the ion concentration remains in the filtrate solution and it was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results showed that metal ion types affected the catalytic activity. The order of phenol oxidationactivity decreased as Co(II) > Cu(II) > Zn(II). The surface characteristics of catalysts were supported by pore volume and pore diameter i.e 0.009 cm3/g and 16.59 Å for Zn(II) whereas specific surface area was 10.32 m2/g for Zn(II), 0.004 cm3/g and 24.37 Å for Cu(II) whereas specific surface area was 3.57 m2/g for Cu(II), 0.001 cm3/g and 19.63 Å for Co(II) whereas specific surface area was 10.26m2/g for Co(II). Keywords: phenol,natural zeolite, catalyst, oxidation
FTIR AND NMR STUDIES OF ADSORBED CETHYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE IN MCM-41 MATERIALS
Authors: Taba Paulina , Howe Russell F. , Moran Graine 
Published: January 2019

The high use of surface-active agents (surfactants) by industry and households today leads to environmental pollution, therefore treatments are required to remove such substances from the environment. One of the important and widely used methods for removal of substances from solution is adsorption. In this research, MCM-41 and its modified product of MCM41-TMCS were used to adsorb cationic surfactants, cethyltrimethylammonium chloride, CTAC. FTIR and NMR methods were used to study the interaction between the surfactants and the adsorbents. MCM-41 was synthesized hydrothermally at 100 oC and its modification was conducted by silylation of MCM-41 with trimethylchloro silane (MCM41-TMCS). Both unmodified and modified MCM-41 can adsorb the surfactant. The interaction of CTAC with MCM-41 was mostly the electrostatic interaction between the electropositive end of the surfactant and MCM-41, whereas in modified MCM-41 hydrophobic interactions become more dominant. These hydrophobic interactions appear however to involve the methyl groups on the head group of the surfactant interacting with the modified surface. Keywords: FTIR, NMR, adsorbed CTAC, MCM-41 materials
INTERCALATION OF OLYGOMER OF HYDROXYL-CHROMIUM INTO NATURAL KAOLINITE
Authors: Rodiansono Rodiansono , Ariyantie Reda , Abdullah Abdullah 
Published: January 2019

Preparation of a kaolin-hydroxyl chromium composite and characterization of its physico-chemical properties were conducted. The olygomer hydroxyl-chromium was prepared by adding Na2CO3 to 0.1 M chromium nitrate solution (ratio OH/Cr = 2) and then dried at 110 oC and 400 oC for 4 h. Characterization of kaolin-hydroxyl chromium composite includes determination of acidity, functional groups, basal spacing, and surface area (BET-N2 sorption analyzer). The result showed that intercalation of hydroxyl chromium resulted in the decreasing of basal spacing but increased the specific surface area of kaolin. Drying of the intercalated kaolin at 400 oC decreased surface area, total volume pore and pore radius. FT-IR spectra showed that hydroxyl-chromium detected at wavelength of 2925 and 2855 cm-1. Keywords: natural kaolin, intercalation, olygomer hydroxyl-chromium, kaolin-hydroxyl chromium composite
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF <i>Shorea foxworthyi</i> Sym STEAM BARK METHANOL EXTRACT
Authors: Alimuddin Andi Hairil , Masriani Masriani 
Published: January 2019

Screening of antimicrobial activity compound from steam bark of Shorea foxworthyi Sym by Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography method have been conducted. The result of this research can be base in elucidation of antimicrobial activity compounds from S. foxworthyi Sym. The first step was done in this research that is maceration of S. foxworthyi steam bark using methanol solvent. Fractination to methanol extract was done using n-hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate solvent, respectively. Phytochemical screening were done to methanol, chloroform, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate fractions. Screening of antimicrobial activity compound were done to polar fraction such as methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fraction. The bacteria were used in this screening such as E. coli, S. aureus, S. thypii, and B. Subtilis. The extract was highest antimicrobial activity choosed to test by Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography. The result was showed that chloroform extract was had highest antimicrobial activity and the flavonoide of compaund was considered having antimicrobial activity. Keywords: antimicrobial, TLC-Bioautography, and Shorea foxworthyi Sym
IN VIVO STUDY OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ROLE ON ANTIHYPERCHOLESTEROL ACTIVITY OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL
Authors: Raharjo Tri Joko , Widhiyati Ariyani Setyo , Asih Endah Mulya , Sumiaty Sumiaty , Tambunan Raden , Setyopratiwi Ani 
Published: January 2019

The role of phenolic compounds on antihypercholeserol activity of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been investigated. The in vivo studies ware carried out by treatment of two groups of Wistar white mouse (Ratus norvegicus) using high phenolic VCO and low phenolic VCO respectively, followed by analysis of lipid profile in blood and liver serum of the mouse. In addition a group of hypercholesterol mouse was treated with low phenolic VCO and the blood serum lipid profile was compared with untreated hypercholesterol mouse. The results show that phenolic compound play an important role on antihypercholesterol of VCO. Group of mouse treated with high phenolic VCO have better lipid profile (blood serum: total cholesterol: 70 mg/dL, triglyceride: 76 mg/dL, HDL: 20 mg/dL, LDL: 35 mg/dL; liver serum: total cholesterol:7 mg/dL, triglyceride: 19 mg/dL) compared with the group treated with low phenolic VCO (blood serum: total cholesterol: 82 mg/dL, triglyceride: 100 mg/dL, HDL: 21 mg/dL, LDL: 41 mg/dL; liver serum: total cholesterol: 9 mg/dL, triglyceride: 34 mg/dL). Hypercholesterol mouse tests shown that low phenolic VCO treatment result in decreasing of blood serum cholesterol level by 52.10% which was not significantly different compared to untreated mouses (decreasing of blood serum cholesterol level by 48.61%). Keywords: antihypercholesterol, phenolic compound, VCO, in vivo
COMBINED BIOLOGICAL-PHOTOCATALYTIC TREATMENT FOR THE MINERALIZATION OF A MIXTURE OF CHLOROPHENOLS IN AN ELECTROLYTE-CONTAINING MODEL WATER AND SPONTANEOUS SEDIMENTATION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Authors: Suryaman Dhanus , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kagaya Shigehiro , Yoshimura Toshiaki 
Published: January 2019

To shorten the biological treating time and to examine the effect of electrolytes in a model water on the photocatalytic treatment, the combined biological-photocatalytic treatment was evaluated for removal of a mixture (total: 100 mg L-1, each: 25 mg L-1) of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) in tap water. The mineralization of the four phenols was performed by a flow (biological treatment)-circulative flow (photocatalytic treatment) operation under black light and sunlight irradiations. After a large portion of biodegradable 2-CP and 2,4-DCP, and around half amount of slightly biodegradable 2,4,5-TCP were removed by the biological treatment, the remained three chlorophenols, biorecalcitrant PCP, and biodegradation products were completely removed by the subsequent photocatalytic treatment. The combined treatment significantly shortened the degradation time only the biotreatment. High circulative flow rate (600 mL min-1) enabled for TiO2 particles to completely suspend in a tubular photoreactor and resulted in high removals of chlorophenols and TOC. Sunlight irradiation was successfully used and the saving of the electric energy of black light was possible. Since TiO2 particles in the tap water spontaneously sedimented on standing after the photocatalytic treatment, the combined system can be operated by integrating it with the TiO2 separation. Keywords: photocatalysis, titanium dioxide, biodegradation, pollutant, wastewater
STABILITY OF BETACYANIN PIGMENTS FROM RED PURPLE PITAYA FRUIT (Hylocereus polyrhizus) : INFLUENCE OF PH, TEMPERATURE, METAL IONS AND ASCORBIC ACID
Authors: Tang, C.S Tang, C.S , Norziah M.H Norziah M.H 
Published: January 2019

Betacyanin pigments from red-purple pitaya fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) could be an attractive source of red colourant for food application. This paper presents results on the extraction of betacyanin pigments from pitaya fruits grown locally in Malaysia. Both the flesh of the fruit and its mesocarp were investigated and it was found that the flesh had higher pigment contents compared to its peel component. The concentration of betacyanins expressed as betanin equivalents per 100 g of flesh and peel were 10.1 ± 0.6 mg and 6.7 ± 0.2 mg, respectively when 80% methanol was used. The stability of betacyanin pigments were investigated at different pH, temperature and in presence of different concentrations of metal ions (Cu2+ and Fe2+) and ascorbic acid. The results showed that the pigment was most stable at pH range between 5 and 6. However, it forfeited its stability to the heat induced at elevated temperatures. Metal ions (Cu2+ and Fe2+) proved to be capable of accelerating betacyanin degradation, with Cu2+ exhibiting the greatest effect. By contrast, supplementation with ascorbic acid could enhance the pigment stability against the detrimental effects caused by pH, temperature and metal ions. Nevertheless, if the concentration of ascorbic acid exceeds 0.7 %, it may change its role from pigment stabilizer to become a pro-oxidant. Keywords: Betacyanin, pigments, pitaya fruit, Hylocereus polyrhizus, ascorbic acid
ISOLATION OF ACTINOMYCIN D FROM MARINE DERIVED Streptomyces
Authors: Rasyid Abdullah , Adachi Kyoko 
Published: January 2019

The bioactive substance producing strain, a marine bacterium A5S-46 was found in the antibacterial screening. This strain was isolated from the artificial sponge set in the coastal seawater at Iriomote islands (Japan). The crude extract from culture broth of the strain A5S-46 was assayed to the antibacterial activity test against the seven kinds of bacterial test strains. The active substance accumulated in the both bacterial cells and culture supernatant. Based on the 1H NMR and the LC/PDA/MS data, the bioactive substance was identified to be actinomycin D. Keywords: Marine bacteria, Actinomycin D, Antibacterial, Anticancer
MONTE CARLO SIMULATION OF I<sup>-</sup>, Br<sup>-</sup>, AND Cl<sup>-</sup> IN WATER USING AB INITIO PAIR POTENSIAL FUNCTIONS
Authors: Pranowo Harno Dwi 
Published: January 2019

Monte Carlo simulations were performed for I-, Br- and Cl-, in water using ab initio pair potential. The systems consisting of one anion in 215 solvent molecules have been simulated at 298 K. Anion-water pair potentials have been newly developed based on ab initio calculations of split valence basis set plus polarization quality. The structure of the solvated ion is discussed in terms of radial distribution functions, coordination number and pair potential distribution. Structural properties were investigated by means of radial distribution functions and their running integration numbers, leading for the first solvation shell to an average 12.60 H2O around I- with I--O distance of 3.74 Å and I--H distance of 2.86 Å, 11.84 H2O around Br- with Br--O distance of 3.40 Å and Br--H distance of 2.42 Å, and 10.68 H2O around Cl- with Cl--O distance of 3.20 Å and Cl--H distance of 2.24 Å, respectively. The structure of the water-anion complexes are agreed with dipole orientation. Pair energy distribution of hydrated anions showed that the pair interaction energy are increase from I-, Cl-, to Br-, namely, -6.28, -9.98 and -13.67 kcal/mol, respectively. The coordination number distribution analysis for the first solvation shell of the all hydrated anions indicated a high exchange rate for the first solvation shell ligands. Keywords: Monte Carlo simulation, halogen anion, ab initio
APPLICATION OF FENTON’S REAGENT ON REMEDIATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONs (PAHs) IN SPIKED SOIL
Authors: Nafie Nursiah La 
Published: January 2019

Problem associated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated site in environmental media have received increasing attention. To resolve such problems, innovative in situ methods are urgently required. This work investigated the feasibility of using Fenton's Reagent to remediate PAHs in spiked soil. PAHs were spiked into soil to simulate contaminated soil. Fenton's Reagent (H2O2 + Fe2+) and surfactant were very efficient in destruction of PAHs including naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo(a)pyrene from spiked soil. It was indicated by the fact that more than 96% of PAHs were degraded in the solution and the spiked soil. Keywords: Environmental, Fenton's Reagent, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Spiked soil.
THE ENZYMATIC EFFECT (α-AMYLASE) ON VISCOSITY AND CARBOHYDRATE COMPOSITION OF MAIZE FLOUR MODIFIED
Authors: Suarni Suarni , Harlim Tj. , Upe Ambo , Patong Abd R. 
Published: January 2019

Technology is required in making new product of maize flour. Enzymatic modification of three varieties of maize flours i.e. MS2, Srikandi and Local product has been conducted using α-amylase from mung bean sprouts has been carried out in Laboratorium Bioproses BB Pascapanen Bogor. A research was performed used the flour without addition of sprouts (as control) and with addition of 10, 20, 30 % of sprouts. Parameters observed were the change in viscosity of the maize flour; amylose, glucose and oligosaccharide contents. Results showed that there were changes in polymerization degree, dextrose equivalent, amylase content, viscosity (50 oC), viscosity (50 ºC/20΄), and carbohydrate composition. An enzymatic treatment using 20% of sprout to the three varieties gave results as follows: amylose content was 20.02 - 24.02%, viscosity (50 ºC) was 210 - 230 BU, and viscosity (50 ºC/20΄) was 200 - 220 BU. Functional properties of the flour fulfilled with the soft texture product, such as food material for children under five years old. Data of the modified flour can be utilized by consuments as an alternative food material. Keywords: modified maize flour, viscosity and carbohydrate composition
OLIGOMERIC CHROMIUM(III) POLICATION SPECIES-PILLARED LAYERED TETRATITANATES ANION
Authors: Sutrisno Hari , Siswani Endang Dwi 
Published: January 2019

Intercalation of oligomeric chromium(III) polycation species in layered tetratitanates was prepared by three steps: 1) ion-exchange of H+ for K+ in potasium tetratitanates, 2) intercalation of n-alchylamine (n-propylamine, n-butylamine, n-amylamine, and n-hexylamine) compounds in layered hydrogen tetratitanates by adding an aqueous solution of 5M n-alchylamine to hydogen titanates with stiring at room temperature, and 3) intercalation of oligomeric chromium(III) polycation species by mixing butylamine-intercalated tetratitanates with an aqueous solution of CrCl3.6H2O at pH various. The procedure was carried out by Chimie Douce method. The results showed that all of n-alchylamine-intercalated tetratitanates crystallize on monoclinic crystal system with the Bravais lattice C. The hight intensity of the first peaks (200) indicated that butylamine and amylamine-intercalated tetratitanates have a remarkably high crystallinity without impurities phase. The interlayered distance (d) and the lattice parameter projected along a increase with increasing the amount of C-atoms in n-alchylamine. At pH=1.3, [CrCl(H2O)5]2+ or [CrCl2(H2O)4]+ species was pillared more efective in layered tetratitanates than [Cr(H2O)6]3+ spesies and just one spesies, Cr(H2O)6]3+ at pH=1.7. On the contrary, [Cr(OH)(H2O)5]2+ or [Cr(OH)2(H2O)4]+ was intercalated more effevtive than [Cr(H2O)6]3+ species at pH=5.3. Keywords: tetratitanates, intercalation, oligomeric chromium(III) species, Chimie Douce.
INTERPRETATION OF OXYGEN –18 ISOTOPE IN SULPHATE FROM DEEP GROUNDWATER IN JAKARTA AREA
Authors: Pujiindiyati E. Ristin , Wandowo Wandowo , Abidin Zainal 
Published: January 2019

It has been done a determination of d 18O (SO42-) and d 18O (H2O) value from Jakarta deep groundwater with depth 40-140 m. The aim of this research is to know some procesess influencing the composition of oxygen isotope in groundwater sulphate. A method commonly used to determine d 18O (H2O) value is according to Epstein-Mayeda. CO2 gas resulted from equilibration process between water sample and CO2 gas standard in which oxygen isotopic reaction has occurred, is injected to mass spectrometer. For determination of d 18O (SO42-) value, Rafter method is used. CO2 gas released from reducing sulphate of water sample with graphite is injected to mass spectrometer. The results of d 18O (H2O) values obtained in this experiment have a narrow range from -5,04 0/00 to -6,65 0/00 SMOW whereas their d18O (SO42-) values have a wider range from +8,3 0/00 to +17,4 0/00 SMOW. The more constant values of d 18O (H2O) performed that evaporation effects might not occur. Based on the similarity between d18O (SO42-) values of deep groundwater and that of marine evaporite sulphate rocks, it is supposed that sulphate of Jakarta deep groundwater was derived from dissolution of this rocks. There was an indication of seawater intrusion around Pejagalan and Kamal Muara Penjaringan area based on the similarity between their d18O (SO42-) values and d18O (SO42-) of modern seawater. The contribution of oxygen from water in sulphide oxidation reaction ranged 0% to 12% suggesting that oxygen in deep groundwater sulphate was mainly derived from atmospheric molecular oxygen Keywords: oxygen isotope, sulphate, groundwater
STRUCTURE – ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS OF ISOEUGENOL, EUGENOL, VANILIN AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: Aini Nur , Purwono Bambang , Tahir Iqmal 
Published: January 2019

Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) technique between the theoretical parameters and antioxidant activities of isoeugenol, eugenol, vanillin and their derivatives as Mannich reaction products, have been analyzed. Antioxidant activities were examined by oxidation reaction of oleic acid at 60 °C with b-carotene methods, whereas theoretical parameters of the activities were determined by calculating Bonding Dissociation Enthalpy (BDE) and net charge of oxygen atom(-OH) using AM1 semi empiric methods. The result from both test showed in the following orders: BHT > Mannich product of isoeugenol > isoeugenol > Mannich product of eugenol > eugenol > Mannich product of vanillin > vanillin. The antioxidant activities increase with small the BDE value and high the net charge. Electron donating groups will increase the antioxidants activity with lowering the BDE value and increasing the net charge, while electron-withdrawing groups will decrease antioxidants activity. Keywords: SAR, antioxidants, Bonding Dissociation Entalphy, eugenol.
IMMOBILIZATION OF GLUCOSE OXIDASE ENZYME FROM Penicillium sp-3 LOCAL STRAIN
Authors: Ahmad Ahyar , Syaiful Andi , Firman AP Firman AP , Patong Abdul Rauf 
Published: January 2019

Immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) enzyme from Penicillium sp-3 local strain has been carried out using ionotropically entrapping method in Ca-alginate membrane coupled with Na-polyacrilate. The entrapment of the enzyme in diffusion membrane occur spontaneously by cross-linking between Na-alginate/Na-polyacrilate and CaCl2. The GOD enzyme immobilized by addition of 1 % Na-polyacrilate has the highest encapsulation efficiency, that is 87.13 % with the smallest percentage of diffusion, i.e. 23.37% and the relative activity of 50%. The GOD immobilized enzyme had good stability at the pH range 4 - 7 during 30 minutes of storage and was stable at a temperature of 20 oC. The activity of the GOD enzyme after being utilized continuously for 5 times only decrease up to 47,06 % compared to that in the initial utilization. Keywords: immobilization, glucose oxidase, Penicillium sp-3, calcium alginate, sodium polyacrilate.
THE EFFECT OF HEATING TIME TO THE CONTENT OF PIGMENTS AND VITAMIN A IN CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta Crantz) AND CEARA-RUBBER (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) LEAVES
Authors: Madalena Madalena , Heriyanto Heriyanto , Hastuti Susanti Pudji , Limantara Leenawaty 
Published: January 2019

Cassava and ceara-rubber leaves are leavy vegetables that can not be consumed in raw form because they contained cyanide, therefore cooking process is needed to remove the cyanide. However cooking process cause the changes of the content of pigments and vitamin A. The aims of the research are to know and to compare the effect of heating time to the content of pigments and vitamin A in cassava and ceara-rubber leaves. Content of chlorophyll and carotenoid was analized base of Porra and Lichtenthaler equations, respectively, while pheophytin content was analyzed base on HPLC. The result shown that the content of chlorophylls, carotenoids and vitamin A of cassava and ceara-rubber leaves were reduced, while the content of pheophytin was increased during heating. Pheophytin was the main product degradation of chlorophyll during heating of cassava and ceara-rubber leaves. Keywords: heating process, cassava, pigment, vitamin A.
THE ADDITION OF SOME COAGULANT AND VARIATION OF pH ON DEGRADATION OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER USING GAMMA RADIATION
Authors: Sumartono Agustin , Lindu Winarti Andayani , Winarno Ermin K. 
Published: January 2019

The degradation and decolouration of textile waste water by gamma irradiation has been studied. Textile wastewater contain a mixture of dyes that difficult to degrade using conventional method, therefore it is necessary to find another method to degrade those dyes. Samples from effluent of textile industry were taken at certain time and have different in colour and condition. The addition of coagulant and radiation to remove the colour of the samples were demonstrated. Four kind of treatments were carried out in this experiment namely addition of coagulant, radiation, variation of pH and radiation, and combination of radiation with the addition of coagulant. The parameters examined were the change of spectra intensity, percentage of sedimentation after the addition of coagulant, and the percentage of the degradation. Combination of irradiation and the addition of coagulant induced decolouration and degradation of the waste. Keywords: radiation, degradation, decoloration, textile wastewater