bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicast beamforming with LOS self‐interference cancellation in full‐duplex wireless communications
Authors: Wu Fei , Ma Wanzhi , Liu Donglin 
Published: February 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we consider a full‐duplex system where the access point installed with multiple transmitting antennas and a single receiving antenna serves several single‐antenna remote users. In this case, there are 2 kinds of interferences. One is the near‐field self‐interference (SI) induced by the simultaneous transmitting and receiving over the same band, and the other is the cochannel interference caused by the multicast broadcasting in the same band. A problem of near‐field SI cancellation and the cochannel interference suppression using transmit beamforming is formulated at the access point. This problem of ensuring the near‐field line‐of‐sight SI suppression benchmark and maximizing the minimum received signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio of remote receivers leads to a nonconvex NP‐hard optimization. Furthermore, we introduce a semidefinite relaxation technique coupled with linear program power adjustment and an outer bisection search loop to transform the problem into a convex optimization. This can be solved by the modern interior point methods. Simulations show that the proposed method is feasible even when the local receive antenna in near‐field and the remote receivers in far field are in the same direction.
Prevalence of early and late prematurity is similar among pediatric type 1 diabetes patients and the general population
Authors: Adar Adi , Shalitin Shlomit , Eyal Ori , Loewenthal Neta , Pinhas‐Hamiel Orit , Levy Milana , Dally‐Gottfried Orna , Landau Zohar , Zung Amnon , Levy‐Khademi Floris , Zangen David , Tenenbaum‐Rakover Yardena , Rachmiel Marianna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has increased in recent decades, as has the incidence of preterm births (<37 weeks). We aimed to evaluate and compare the prevalence of prematurity and early prematurity (<34 weeks) and birth season variability among T1DM and non‐T1DM children.MethodsA nationwide cross‐sectional study was conducted, with linkage of data from 13 paediatric diabetes centers and Israeli National Registries, including T1DM patients and general non‐T1DM population, born during 2000 to 2013. Gathered data included ethnicity, gender, birth week, weight, and season. The prevalence of prematurity and birth season were compared with the general population birth registry using Pearson Chi‐square test.ResultsThe study population included 1452 T1DM patients, 52.7% males, and 2 138 668 subjects in the general non‐T1DM population, 51.2% males. The prevalence of late and early prematurity was similar between groups (6.1% and 2.2% in the T1DM group vs 5.6% and 2.0% in the general non‐T1DM group, P = 0.25 and P = 0.38, respectively). OR for prematurity among T1DM patients was 1.15 (0.95‐1.39), P = 0.16. No difference in birth season was demonstrated between preterm and term, in T1DM and general non‐T1DM populations. Ethiopian descent was more prevalent among T1DM patients compared with the non‐T1DM population, in both term and preterm born.ConclusionsThis is the largest population‐based study, and the first in the Middle East geographical area, indicating that prematurity, including early prematurity, is not associated with T1DM during childhood.The study was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT02929953.
Implicit attitudes toward eating stimuli differentiate eating disorder and non‐eating disorder groups and predict eating disorder behaviors
Authors: Smith April R. , Forrest Lauren N. , Velkoff Elizabeth A. , Ribeiro Jessica D. , Franklin Joseph 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe current study tested whether people with and without eating disorders (EDs) varied in their implicit attitudes toward ED‐relevant stimuli. Additionally, the study tested whether implicit evaluations of ED‐relevant stimuli predicted ED symptoms and behaviors over a 4‐week interval.MethodParticipants were people without EDs (N = 85) and people seeking treatment for EDs (N = 92). All participants completed self‐report questionnaires and a version of the affect misattribution procedure (AMP) at baseline. The AMP indexed implicit evaluations of average body stimuli, eating stimuli, and ED‐symptom stimuli. Participants with EDs completed weekly follow‐up measures of ED symptoms and behaviors for 4 weeks.ResultsContrary to predictions, the anorexia nervosa (AN) group did not differ from the no ED group on implicit attitudes toward ED‐symptom stimuli, and the bulimia nervosa (BN) group had less positive implicit attitudes toward ED‐symptom stimuli relative to the no ED group. In line with predictions, people with AN and BN had more negative implicit attitudes toward average body and eating stimuli relative to the no ED group. In addition, among the ED group more negative implicit attitudes toward eating stimuli predicted ED symptoms and behaviors 4 weeks later, over and above baseline ED symptoms and behaviors.DiscussionTaken together, implicit evaluations of eating stimuli differentiated people with AN and BN from people without EDs and longitudinally predicted ED symptoms and behaviors. Interventions that increase implicit liking of eating‐related stimuli may reduce ED behaviors.
Spatially explicit modeling and prediction of shrub cover increase near Umiujaq, Nunavik
Authors: Lemay Marc‐André , Provencher‐Nolet Laurence , Bernier Monique , Lévesque Esther , Boudreau Stéphane 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA circumpolar increase in shrub growth and cover has been underway in Arctic and subarctic ecosystems for the last few decades, but there is considerable spatial heterogeneity in this shrubification process. Although topography, hydrology, and edaphic factors are known to influence shrubification patterns, a better understanding of the landscape‐scale factors driving this phenomenon is needed to accurately predict its impacts on ecosystem function. In this study, we generated land cover change models in order to identify variables driving shrub cover increase near Umiujaq (Québec, Canada). Using land cover maps from 1990/1994 and 2010, we modeled observed changes using two contrasting conceptual approaches: binomial modeling of transitions to shrub dominance and multinomial modeling of all land cover transitions. Models were used to generate spatially explicit predictions of transition to shrub dominance in the near future as well as long‐term predictions of the abundance of different land cover types. Model predictions were validated using both field data and current Landsat‐derived trends of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) increase in the region in order to assess their consistency with observed patterns of change. We found that both variables related to topography and to vegetation were useful in modeling land cover changes occurring near Umiujaq. Shrubs tended to preferentially colonize low‐elevation areas and moderate slopes, while their cover was more likely to increase in the vicinity of existing shrub patches. Deterministic realizations of the spatially explicit models of land cover change had a good predictive capability, although they performed better at predicting the proportion of different cover types than at predicting the precise location of the changes. Binomial models performed as well as multinomial models, indicating that neglecting land cover changes other than shrubification does not result in decreased prediction accuracy. The predicted probabilities of shrub increase in the region were consistent with patterns of change inferred from field data, but only partly supported by recent local increases in NDVI. Our findings increase the current understanding of the factors driving shrubification, while warranting further research on its impacts on ecosystem function and on the link between land cover changes and shifts in remotely sensed vegetation indices.
Predators mediate above‐ vs. belowground herbivory in a salt marsh crab
Authors: Vu Huy D. , Pennings Steven C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPredators can significantly affect prey by removing prey individuals and by changing prey behavior. The tradeoff between foraging behavior and predation risk may result in a trophic cascade that can have important effects on ecosystem processes. For herbivores that can feed both above‐ and belowground, it is likely that predation risk affects the location of feeding. We tested whether two species of predatory marsh crabs affected feeding behavior of the herbivorous crab, Sesarma reticulatum. We found that predatory crabs could kill or injure Sesarma and that Sesarma did less damage to its food plant Spartina alterniflora in the presence of the more dangerous predator. Sesarma prefers to feed on and grows better on belowground rhizomes than aboveground leaves; however, the costs of digging burrows to access rhizomes lead to higher mortality if it is the only diet option. The location of feeding did not affect total biomass of S. alterniflora. For Sesarma, a choice in feeding location allows the crabs the behavioral flexibility to balance the risks of predation, the nutritional benefit of feeding belowground, and the survival costs of belowground feeding. Similar tradeoffs are likely to increase the success of other herbivores that can feed both above‐ and belowground.
Monitoring pigment‐driven vegetation changes in a low‐Arctic tundra ecosystem using digital cameras
Authors: Beamish Alison L. , Coops Nicholas C. , Hermosilla Txomin , Chabrillat Sabine , Heim Birgit 
Published: February 2018

AbstractArctic vegetation phenology is a sensitive indicator of a changing climate, and rapid assessment of vegetation status is necessary to more comprehensively understand the impacts on foliar condition and photosynthetic activity. Airborne and space‐borne optical remote sensing has been successfully used to monitor vegetation phenology in Arctic ecosystems by exploiting the biophysical and biochemical changes associated with vegetation growth and senescence. However, persistent cloud cover and low sun angles in the region make the acquisition of high‐quality temporal optical data within one growing season challenging. In the following study, we examine the capability of “near‐field” remote sensing technologies, in this case digital, true‐color cameras to produce surrogate in situ spectral data to characterize changes in vegetation driven by seasonal pigment dynamics. Simple linear regression was used to investigate relationships between common pigment‐driven spectral indices calculated from field‐based spectrometry and red, green, and blue (RGB) indices from corresponding digital photographs in three dominant vegetation communities across three major seasons at Toolik Lake, North Slope, Alaska. We chose the strongest and most consistent RGB index across all communities to represent each spectral index. Next, linear regressions were used to relate RGB indices and extracted leaf‐level pigment content with a simple additive error propagation of the root mean square error. Results indicate that the green‐based RGB indices had the strongest relationship with chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, while a red‐based RGB index showed moderate relationships with the chlorophyll to carotenoid ratio. The results suggest that vegetation color contributes strongly to the response of pigment‐driven spectral indices and RGB data can act as a surrogate to track seasonal vegetation change associated with pigment development and degradation. Overall, we find that low‐cost, easy‐to‐use digital cameras can monitor vegetation status and changes related to seasonal foliar condition and photosynthetic activity in three dominant, low‐Arctic vegetation communities.
Advanced biofuel production via gasification – lessons learned from 200 man‐years of research activity with Chalmers’ research gasifier and the GoBiGas demonstration plant
Authors: Thunman Henrik , Seemann Martin , Berdugo Vilches Teresa , Maric Jelena , Pallares David , Ström Henrik , Berndes Göran , Knutsson Pavleta , Larsson Anton , Breitholtz Claes , Santos Olga 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the main experiences gained and conclusions drawn from the demonstration of a first‐of‐its‐kind wood‐based biomethane production plant (20‐MW capacity, 150 dry tonnes of biomass/day) and 10 years of operation of the 2–4‐MW (10–20 dry tonnes of biomass/day) research gasifier at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden. Based on the experience gained, an elaborated outline for commercialization of the technology for a wide spectrum of applications and end products is defined. The main findings are related to the use of biomass ash constituents as a catalyst for the process and the application of coated heat exchangers, such that regular fluidized bed boilers can be retrofitted to become biomass gasifiers. Among the recirculation of the ash streams within the process, presence of the alkali salt in the system is identified as highly important for control of the tar species. Combined with new insights on fuel feeding and reactor design, these two major findings form the basis for a comprehensive process layout that can support a gradual transformation of existing boilers in district heating networks and in pulp, paper and saw mills, and it facilitates the exploitation of existing oil refineries and petrochemical plants for large‐scale production of renewable fuels, chemicals, and materials from biomass and wastes. The potential for electrification of those process layouts are also discussed. The commercialization route represents an example of how biomass conversion develops and integrates with existing industrial and energy infrastructures to form highly effective systems that deliver a wide range of end products. Illustrating the potential, the existing fluidized bed boilers in Sweden alone represent a jet fuel production capacity that corresponds to 10% of current global consumption.
Detrital zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic constraints, and trace element analysis of Upper Cretaceous–Neogene sedimentary units in the Western Nepal Himalaya: Implications for provenance changes and India–Asia collision
Authors: Baral Upendra , Lin Ding , Chamlagain Deepak , Qasim Muhammad , Paudayal Khum N. , Neupane Bhupati 
Published: February 2018

The present study integrates detrital zircon U–Pb–Hf isotopic analysis from 13 sandstone samples from an Upper Cretaceous–Miocene sedimentary sequence in Nepal Himalaya to determine their provenance. These sequences constrain a shifting of provenance from south to north. The U–Pb ages from Upper Cretaceous–Palaeocene strata (Amile Formation) mainly cluster between ~1,860 and 1,400 Ma with a peak at ~1,630 Ma and an absence of grains younger than the Palaeoproterozoic (1,400 Ma) age. The detritus yielded positive detrital zircon ƐHf (t) values (as high as +10). However, the detrital zircon U–Pb ages from Eocene–Miocene sequence cluster at ~500–650, ~700–900, ~1,600–1,850, and ~2,500 Ma, and in addition, they have both positive and negative ƐHf (t) values (+11 to −25). This finding further elucidates that the detritus in the Amile Formation was entirely sourced from India, which changed following the time of the Bhainskati Formation deposition, to a mixture of both Asian and Indian affinities (the Himalayan region). This change in source region marks the possible time of the India–Asia collision during this transition phase, that is, Late Palaeocene–Earliest Eocene.
Glioma infiltration and extracellular matrix: key players and modulators
Authors: Ferrer Valéria Pereira , Moura Neto Vivaldo , Mentlein Rolf 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn outstanding characteristic of gliomas is their infiltration into brain parenchyma, a property that impairs complete surgical resection; consequently, these tumors might recur, resulting in a high mortality rate. Gliomas invade along preferential routes, such as those along white matter tracts and in the perineuronal and perivascular spaces. Brain extracellular components and their partners and modulators play a crucial role in glioma cell invasion. This review presents an extensive survey of the literature, showing how the brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is modulated during the glioma infiltration process. We explore aspects of ECM interaction with glioma cells, reviewing the main glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. We discuss the roles of ECM‐binding proteins, including CD44, RHAMM, integrins and axonal guidance molecules, and highlight the role of proteases and glycosidases in glioma infiltration; in binding and release chemokines, cytokines and growth factors;and in generating new bioactive ECM fragments. We also consider the roles of cytoskeletal signaling, angiogenesis, miRNAs and the glial‐to‐mesenchymal transition linked to glioma invasion. We closely discuss therapeutic approaches based on the modulation of the extracellular matrix, targeting the control of glioma infiltration, its relative failure in clinical trials, and potential means to overcome this difficulty.
Semaphorin4A and H‐ferritin utilize Tim‐1 on human oligodendrocytes: A novel neuro‐immune axis
Authors: Chiou Brian , Lucassen Elisabeth , Sather Michael , Kallianpur Asha , Connor James 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDeficiency of trophic factors relating to the survival of oligodendrocytes, combined with direct interactions with the immune system, are favored paradigms that are increasingly implicated in demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. We and others have previously shown that Sema4A and H‐ferritin interact through the T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim‐2) receptor in mice. H‐ferritin has been identified as the iron delivery protein for oligodendrocytes, whereas Sema4A causes a direct cytotoxic effect. However, the expression of Tim‐2 has not been detected in humans. Here, we demonstrate that, similar to rodents, human oligodendrocytes undergo apoptosis when exposed to Sema4A and take up H‐ferritin for meeting iron requirements and that these functions are mediated via the Tim‐1 receptor. Moreover, we also demonstrate the ability of H‐ferritin to block Sema4A‐mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we show in a series of pilot studies that Sema4A is detectable in the CSF of multiple sclerosis patients and HIV‐seropositive persons and can induce oligodendrocyte cell death. Together, these results identify a novel iron uptake mechanism for human oligodendrocytes and a connection between oligodendrocytes and the immune system.
Minimum spanning tree analysis of the human connectome
Authors: van Dellen Edwin , Sommer Iris E. , Bohlken Marc M. , Tewarie Prejaas , Draaisma Laurijn , Zalesky Andrew , Di Biase Maria , Brown Jesse A. , Douw Linda , Otte Willem M. , Mandl René C.W. , Stam Cornelis J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractOne of the challenges of brain network analysis is to directly compare network organization between subjects, irrespective of the number or strength of connections. In this study, we used minimum spanning tree (MST; a unique, acyclic subnetwork with a fixed number of connections) analysis to characterize the human brain network to create an empirical reference network. Such a reference network could be used as a null model of connections that form the backbone structure of the human brain. We analyzed the MST in three diffusion‐weighted imaging datasets of healthy adults. The MST of the group mean connectivity matrix was used as the empirical null‐model. The MST of individual subjects matched this reference MST for a mean 58%–88% of connections, depending on the analysis pipeline. Hub nodes in the MST matched with previously reported locations of hub regions, including the so‐called rich club nodes (a subset of high‐degree, highly interconnected nodes). Although most brain network studies have focused primarily on cortical connections, cortical–subcortical connections were consistently present in the MST across subjects. Brain network efficiency was higher when these connections were included in the analysis, suggesting that these tracts may be utilized as the major neural communication routes. Finally, we confirmed that MST characteristics index the effects of brain aging. We conclude that the MST provides an elegant and straightforward approach to analyze structural brain networks, and to test network topological features of individual subjects in comparison to empirical null models.
Theta frequency decreases throughout the hippocampal formation in a focal epilepsy model
Authors: Kilias Antje , Häussler Ute , Heining Katharina , Froriep Ulrich P. , Haas Carola A. , Egert Ulrich 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMesial temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by focal, recurrent spontaneous seizures, sclerosis and granule cell dispersion (GCD) in the hippocampal formation. Changes in theta rhythm properties have been correlated with the severity of hippocampal restructuring and were suggested as a cause of memory deficits accompanying epilepsy. For severe sclerosis, it has even been questioned whether theta band oscillations persist. We asked how theta oscillations change with graded restructuring along the longitudinal hippocampal axis and whether these changes correlate with the overall severity of temporal lobe epilepsy. We recorded local field potentials in the medial entorhinal cortex and along the septo‐temporal axis of the dentate gyrus at sites with different degrees of GCD in freely behaving epileptic mice. Theta frequency was decreased at all recording positions throughout the dentate gyrus and in the medial entorhinal cortex, irrespective of the extent of GCD or the rate of severe epileptic events. The frequency reduction by up to 1.7 Hz, corresponding to 1/3 octaves within the theta range, was present during rest, exploration and running. Despite the frequency reduction, theta oscillations remained coherent across the hippocampal formation and were modulated by running speed as in controls. The reduction in theta frequency thus is likely not a consequence of the local restructuring but rather a global phenomenon affecting the hippocampal formation as a whole.