bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ProTaper retreatment system versus balanced force technique for apical extrusion and gutta-percha removal
Authors: Sarıçam Esma , Altunkaynak Bülent , Kayaoğlu Güven 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The aim was to compare root canal wall cleanliness, amounts of apically extruded debris and irrigant during retreatment using the ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PT) system or balanced force technique (BFT).
Materials and Methods: Root canals of extracted mandibular premolar teeth (n=44) were endodontically prepared and obturated, then the teeth were divided into two groups: BFT and PT. Apically extruded material was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes using the Myers and Montgomery method. The root halves were photographed under a stereomicroscope. Area of the remnant filling material (coronal, middle, apical thirds and total canal surface) was measured by software. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: The BFT and PT system provided similar degrees of canal wall cleanliness (p > 0.05) and amounts of extruded irrigant (p>0.05). The PT system caused less debris extrusion (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Although the BFT was shown to cause less apical extrusion in primary root canal treatment compared to other manual instrumentation techniques, in the present study, BFT caused more debris extrusion than the PT group.

How to cite this article: Sarıçam E, Altunkaynak B, Kayaoğlu G. ProTaper Retreatment system versus balanced force technique for apical extrusion and gutta-percha removal. Int Dent Res 2019;9(2):63-8.

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Responsabilidade civil das escolas quanto a violência física e moral: a construção do saber na era conectada
Authors: Gitahy Raquel Rosan Christino , Alves Luis Henrique Ramos , Souza Fernanda Gabriela Sampaio 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar o uso do ambiente virtual para auxiliar na construção do saber da sociedade sobre a responsabilidade civil das escolas no que se refere à violência física e moral. A fim de atingir tal objetivo, a pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando o contexto do ambiente virtual de aprendizagem do site “Saber o direito”, criado para interações entre a sociedade e especialistas no tema responsabilidade civil das escolas. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os registros documentados de tais interações. A análise dos dados fez-se a partir dos saberes construídos e a legislação vigente, tendo como norte as duvidas e os relatos de experiências envolvendo o tema. Esta pesquisa proporcionou, a partir de relatos postados em ambiente virtual, compreender problemas envolvendo a responsabilidade civil no caso de violência escolar e quais são as soluções jurídicas para tais situações.
Violências escolares e justiça restaurativa na escola básica estadual de São Paulo na visão dos professores – o papel do diálogo
Authors: Santos Eduardo , Xavier dos Santos Sara 
Published: August 2019

As escolas estaduais paulistas, que compõem a maior rede de ensino do Brasil, vivenciam diariamente atos e fatos de violência envolvendo estudantes com estudantes, estudantes com professores, professores com gestores e gestores com famílias. A tendência é que os impactos dessas ocorrências prejudiquem o ingresso, a permanência e, especialmente, o sucesso da aprendizagem dos estudantes. Em resposta, as autoridades educacionais do estado passaram a implantar programas e projetos para auxiliar no trato de tais violências escolares. Entre eles, a partir de 2010, passa a ser estudada e recomendada a Justiça Restaurativa (JR), implantando-se, em 2016, um projeto-piloto de intervenção, que se mantém atualmente e tem envolvido professores em práticas orientadas por essa abordagem. Tendo em vista que o diálogo constitui instrumento fundante de tal abordagem, neste artigo buscamos responder à seguinte questão de pesquisa: Qual o estatuto teórico do diálogo na implantação da JR, segundo as percepções dos professores das escolas da região da Brasilândia, Zona Norte do município de São Paulo, na prevenção às violências escolares? São analisados, por meio da Análise de Discurso, dados resultantes de sessões de grupo focal realizadas com professores dessa região que se utilizaram da abordagem para intervir nos fatos de violência nas escolas em que atuam. As categorias de análise empregadas foram Violências Escolares, Justiça Restaurativa e Diálogo, baseadas em referencial teórico extraído dos formuladores originais da JR, nas áreas do Direito e da Educação; da produção teórica sobre violência escolar e da estratégia do diálogo proposta por Paulo Freire, ademais de Prandis e Brancher. Os resultados de nossa investigação indicaram que os professores tendem a perceber o diálogo como elemento fundante da Justiça Restaurativa e a validá-lo positivamente nas ações de trato com as violências no ambiente escolar.
Violências na Escola, sob o Olhar de Miriam Abramovay
Authors: Terçariol Adriana Aparecida de Lima , Teixeira Rosiley Aparecida 
Published: August 2019

Entrevista: Violências na Escola, sob o Olhar de Miriam AbramovayEntrevista: Violências na Escola, sob o Olhar de Miriam Abramovay
Antibioticoterapia em crianças indígenas e não indígenas desnutridas
Authors: Brunozi Naipy Abreu , David Flávia Lúcia 
Published: August 2019

Introdução: A prevalência da desnutrição infantil vem diminuindo em todo o mundo, mas ainda acomete milhões de crianças, especialmente indígenas. Devido ao elevado número de doenças infecciosas associadas à desnutrição, a antibioticoterapia faz parte da terapêutica recomendada. Objetivo: Observar os casos de desnutrição entre crianças indígenas e não indígenas hospitalizadas e a terapêutica empregada durante o tratamento. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, farmacoepidemiológico, realizado com informações extraídas de prontuários arquivados do período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2014 de um hospital público. Resultados: Participaram 166 crianças, sendo o número de crianças indígenas aproximadamente seis vezes maior do que não indígenas. Houve maior prevalência entre lactentes e crianças com idade inferior a um ano apresentaram mais chances de serem internadas por desnutrição. Os diagnósticos de desnutrição mais vistos foram os inespecíficos, com uma proporção significativa de óbitos relacionados ao diagnóstico E43. As infecções mais comuns foram do sistema digestório e respiratório. Crianças indígenas tiveram quase cinco vezes mais chances de apresentarem infecção respiratória. A maior proporção recebeu até três antibióticos, havendo crianças que receberam mais que sete antibióticos diferentes durante o período de internação. Conclusão: A população infantil deve ser acompanhada por meio de inquéritos que possam subsidiar políticas de saúde que atendam suas necessidades. É necessária a capacitação dos profissionais envolvidos no cuidado da criança desnutrida, recursos materiais e financeiros, a fim diminuir o número de diagnósticos inespecíficos e evitar o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos, sendo imprescindível uma política de controle efetiva no uso da politerapia antimicrobiana.
Environmental Movement and the Conservation of Forest: A Case Study on Ratargul Swamp Forest of Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Kazi Moriom , Zakaria Afm 
Published: August 2019

Aims: The aim of this paper is to explore and analyze the scope and nature of the environmental movement that may shape the existing management.
Study Design: This paper is a qualitative study and based on empirical research. It focuses on the impact of environmental movements around Ratargul Swamp Forest
Place and Duration of Study: This research was done around the Ratargul Swamp Forest located in on Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The study period was from January 2016 to November 2017.
Methodology: For the primary data collection, 47 respondents were selected by using purposive sampling on the basis of their level of involvement. Data was collected from local people, environmental groups and the forest department. Data collection methods were key informant interview, in-depth interview, case study, focus group discussion and archival research.
Results: People of Ratargul village are now more aware of the harmful activities of uncontrolled tourism while the Forest Department brings new management policies and practices in response to the local and civil pressure. It is also found that the Climate Resilient Ecosystem Livelihoods (CREL) project in Bangladesh actually works to negate the strength of the environmental movement rather than as a conservation proponent. The Forest Department is successful to implement their projects due to a lack of coordination between local activists. According to the respondents, 31.1% mark this movement as successful, 23.4% opine as completely failure and while remaining 44.4% thinks that it is partially successful.
Conclusion: A strong, integrated, coordinated and organized form of resistance or movement is needed to break up the hegemony of Forest Department that may save the Ratargul Swamp Forest from ongoing damage.
Safety and Efficacy Profile of CSE-1034 as a Prolonged De-escalation Therapy in Prosthetic Joint Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Sathe Prachee , Mandale Pankaj 
Published: August 2019

Background: Although rare, infection is considered to be most dreadful of the prosthetic related complications resulting in repeated surgical intervention, extended hospitalization or sometimes in loss of implant or permanent disability if not treated promptly. Poor treatment outcome associated with prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) could be partly attributed to rise in anti-microbial resistance among the causative agents.
Case Presentation: This is a first reported case of ceftriaxone + sulbactam + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CSE 1034) being used as an de-escalation therapy for more than 24 days with good safety and efficacy outcome in a 78 year male patient with PJI associated with hip replacement surgery, treated initially with meropenem and colistin followed by prolonged de-escalation therapy (24 days).
Conclusions: In clinically complicated cases of deep infections where prolonged use of last resort antibiotics is used, CSE-1034 can be considered as a safe, efficacious and economical de-escalating antibiotic to complete the treatment course and prevent recurrence of infection, especially in PJI.
Case Report: The Effect of Pentazocine Abuse in a Female Sickle Cell Disease Patient in Calabar, South-south, Nigeria
Authors: Kingsley Akaba , Ofonime Essien , Bassey Bassey O. , Eberechi Onyeulor , Ekang Edidiong , Akaba Edakabasi , Adaobi Dike , Godwin Omini 
Published: August 2019

Background: Pentazocine is a synthetic opioid analgesic with mixed receptor activities. It acts as a partial agonist at the µ-receptor as well as being a kappa agonist. Its analgesic effect is estimated to be about 25-50% greater than that of morphine. Pentazocine acts has a short onset of action which occur about 10-20 minutes after administration and could last 2-4hours.
Aim: The study was aimed at further awakening the consciousness of this growing menace among people living with sickle cell disease as well as proffering solutions to curtail this increasing peril.
Presentation of Case: A 36 years old Nigerian female with three years history of excessive use of parenteral pentazocine on account of sickle cell bone pain crisis. She commenced self-administration after exposure by a private hospital on account of bone pain crisis where other analgesic fails to give her the necessary relieve. Hence, the beginning of her dependency. She started with two ampules daily and later increased to 20 ampules on the account of this, patient was said to have developed cutaneous and musculoskeletal complication. A diagnosis of pentazocine addiction in a SCD patient was made, she was admitted and jointly managed by a Psychiatrist, Phychologist, Haematologist and Plastic Surgeon. We hereby advocate for effective legislation, orientation and reorientation of health workers and the society at large about the risks and complication of parenteral pentazocine abuse. This menace can possibly be curtailed if oral formulation is made available and less addictive medications are used.
Conclusion: Analgesics that are less addictive should be administered after examining the nature of pain before furtherance to stronger analgesic which could predispose to addiction.
Analyzing the Determinants of Tourists’ Buying Behaviour in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to Tourism Destinations in Down South of Sri Lanka
Authors: Deyshappriya N. P. Ravindra , Idroos A. A. , Sammani U. G. O. 
Published: August 2019

Aims: This study models tourists’ buying behavior in Sri Lanka analyzing key determinants of tourists’ buying behavior along with demographic characteristics of the tourists. The study focuses on how Marketing Mix Factors, Situational Factors and Personal Factors and other demographic factors affect tourist buying behavior in three tourist destinations in Down-South of Sri Lanka.
Methodology: Data were collected from 500 tourists who visited three main tourist destinations such as Hikkaduwa, Unawatuna and Mirissa located in Down-South of Sri Lanka. Both descriptive and econometric analyses were employed to accomplish the objectives of the study.
Results: The results of the descriptive analysis suggest that most of the tourists were from countries such as Russia, Germany and United Kingdom and their main purpose of the visits were recreation and leisure followed by education and health. Moreover, the respondents stayed 20 days on average in Down-South. However, it was observed that tourists’ spending per day is significantly low and more than 69% of the tourists spent less than 100$ per day. The econometric findings emphasize that all three key determinants of consumer buying behaviour– marketing mix factors, situational factors and personal factors positively affect the tourists’ buying behavior. Apart from that, personal factors have been recognized as the most influential factor of tourists’ buying behavior in the context of Sri Lanka. Furthermore, demographic characteristics of tourists such as gender, marital status, education level and employment status also affect tourist buying behavior.
Conclusion: Hence, appropriate policies are required to enhance the quality of all indicators of the marketing mix, situational factors and personal factors in order to increase tourists’ buying behavior. Similarly, the current study also recommends the implementation of efficient policies to ensure security, cultural harmony and political stability in order to uplift tourists’ buying behavior pattern.
Tissue Tapes—Phenolic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Patches for Off‐the‐Shelf Therapy
Authors: Shin Jisoo , Choi Soojeong , Kim Jung Hyun , Cho Jung Ho , Jin Yoonhee , Kim Suran , Min Sungjin , Kim Su Kyeom , Choi Donghoon , Cho Seung‐Woo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHydrogels have been applied to improve stem cell therapy and drug delivery, but current hydrogel‐based delivery methods are inefficient in clinical settings due to difficulty in handling and treatment processes, and low off‐the‐shelf availability. To overcome these limitations, an adhesive hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel patch is developed that acts as a ready‐to‐use tissue tape for therapeutic application. The HA hydrogel patches functionalized with phenolic moieties (e.g., catechol, pyrogallol) exhibit stronger tissue adhesiveness, greater elastic modulus, and increased off‐the‐shelf availability, compared with their bulk solution gel form. With this strategy, stem cells are efficiently engrafted onto beating ischemic hearts without injection, resulting in enhanced angiogenesis in ischemic regions and improving cardiac functions. HA hydrogel patches facilitate the in vivo engraftment of stem cell–derived organoids. The off‐the‐shelf availability of the hydrogel patch is also demonstrated as a drug‐loaded ready‐made tissue tape for topical drug delivery to promote wound healing. Importantly, the applicability of the cross‐linker‐free HA patch is validated for therapeutic cell and drug delivery. The study suggests that bioinspired phenolic adhesive hydrogel patches can provide an innovative method for simple but highly effective cell and drug delivery, increasing the off‐the‐shelf availability—a critically important component for translation to clinical settings.
Anhydride‐Assisted Spontaneous Room Temperature Sintering of Printed Bioresorbable Electronics
Authors: Li Jiameng , Xu Hang , Zhang Zian , Hao Yafeng , Wang Hanjie , Huang Xian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBioresorbable electronic devices are promising replacements for conventional build‐to‐last electronics in implantable biomedical systems and consumer electronics. However, bioresorbable devices are typically achieved by complex complementary metal oxide semiconductor fabrication processes that minimize exposure to humidity. Emerging printable techniques for bioresorbable electronics demand further improvement in electrical conductivity and mechanical robustness. This paper presents a room‐temperature spontaneous sintering method of bioresorbable inks that contain zinc nanoparticles and anhydride. The entire process can be conducted in atmosphere environment under 90% humidity within 300 min. It has minimum requirement for external heating and special ambient conditions, allowing humidity to trigger the surface chemistry of zinc nanoparticles and spontaneous welding between neighboring nanoparticles. The resulting bioresorbable patterns are highly conductive (σ = 72 400 S m−1) and mechanically robust (>1500 bending cycles) to enable practical applications. A radio circuit achieved through the above method can operate stably over 14 days in air and disappear in water for less than 30 min. The spontaneous room‐temperature sintering represents a rapid and energy‐efficient approach to achieve high‐performance bioresorbable electronics with improved mechanical robustness and electrical performance, leading to broader impacts in the areas of healthcare, information security, and consumer electronics.
3D Hierarchical ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets with Rich Zn Vacancies Boosting Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: He Yiqiang , Rao Heng , Song Kepeng , Li Jixin , Yu Ying , Lou Yue , Li Chunguang , Han Yu , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractZinc vacancy (VZn) is successfully introduced into 3D hierarchical ZnIn2S4 (3D‐ZIS). The photo‐electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the charge separation and carrier transfer are more efficient in the 3D‐ZIS with rich VZn. Of note, for the first time, it is found that VZn can decrease the carrier transport activation energy (CTAE), from 1.14 eV for Bulk‐ZIS (Bulk ZnIn2S4) to 0.93 eV for 3D‐ZIS, which may provide a feasible platform for further understanding the mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) results reveal that the presence of rich VZn ensures CO2 chemical activation, promoting single‐electron reduction of CO2 to CO2−. In addition, in situ FT‐IR and CO2 temperature programmed desorption results show that VZn can promote the formation of surface hydroxyl. To the best of current knowledge, there are no reports on the photoreduction of CO2 simply by virtue of 3D‐ZIS with VZn and few literature reports on the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 concerned with CTAE. Additionally, this work finds that surface hydroxyl may play a crucial role in the process of CO2 photoreduction. The work may provide some novel ways to ameliorate solar energy conversion performance and a better understanding of photoreaction mechanisms.
Condensation Induced Delamination of Nanoscale Hydrophobic Films
Authors: Ma Jingcheng , Cha Hyeongyun , Kim Moon‐Kyung , Cahill David G. , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: September 2019

AbstractVapor condensation is a crucial phenomenon governing the efficiency of many processes. In particular, dropwise condensation on hydrophobic thin films (≈100 nm‐thick) has the potential to achieve remarkable heat transfer. However, the lack of durability of these thin films has limited applications for a century. Although degradation due to steam condensation has been described as “blistering,” no satisfactory insight exists capable of elucidating the driving force for film delamination. Here, it is shown that nanoscale pinholes in hydrophobic films are the source of blister formation. By creating artificial pinholes via nanoindentation on thin (30 to 500 nm‐thick) fluorinated hydrophobic films, it is demostrated that water blisters can be initiated at the pinholes during condensation. It is experimentally demonstrated that vapor is transferred to the blister through the nanoscale pinhole, and the driving force for delamination is capillary pressure generated at the pinhole by the pinned liquid–vapor interface. The techniques and insights presented here will inform future work on polymeric thin film and enable their durable design for a variety of applications.
Advanced Materials for Zinc‐Based Flow Battery: Development and Challenge
Authors: Yuan Zhizhang , Yin Yanbin , Xie Congxin , Zhang Huamin , Yao Yan , Li Xianfeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractZinc‐based flow batteries (ZFBs) are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications because of their high energy density and low‐cost advantages. Nevertheless, their wide application is still confronted with challenges, which are mainly from advanced materials. Therefore, research on advanced materials for ZFBs in terms of electrodes, membranes, and electrolytes as well as their chemistries are of the utmost importance. Herein, the focus is on the scientific understandings of the fundamental design of these advanced materials and their chemistries in relation to the battery performance. The principles of using different materials in different ZFB technologies, the functions and structure of the materials, and further material improvements are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and prospects of ZFBs are summarized as well. This review provides valuable instruction on how to design and develop new materials as well as new chemistries for ZFBs.
Fine Multi‐Phase Alignments in 2D Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency over 17% via Slow Post‐Annealing
Authors: Wu Guangbao , Li Xing , Zhou Jiyu , Zhang Jianqi , Zhang Xuning , Leng Xuanye , Wang Peijun , Chen Ming , Zhang Dongyang , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Yuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLayered Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phase (2D) halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention due to the wide tunability on their optoelectronic properties and excellent robustness in photovoltaic devices. However, charge extraction/transport and ultimate power conversion efficiency (PCE) in 2D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still limited by the non‐eliminable quantum well effect. Here, a slow post‐annealing (SPA) process is proposed for BA2MA3Pb4I13 (n = 4) 2D PSCs by which a champion PCE of 17.26% is achieved with simultaneously enhanced open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and fill factor. Investigation with optical spectroscopy coupled with structural analyses indicates that enhanced crystal orientation and favorable alignment on the multiple perovskite phases (from the 2D phase near bottom to quasi‐3D phase near top regions) is obtained with SPA treatment, which promotes carrier transport/extraction and suppresses Shockley–Read–Hall charge recombination in the solar cell. As far as it is known, the reported PCE is so far the highest efficiency in RP phase 2D PSCs based on butylamine (BA) spacers (n = 4). The SPA‐processed devices exhibit a satisfactory stability with <4.5% degradation after 2000 h under N2 environment without encapsulation. The demonstrated process strategy offers a promising route to push forward the performance in 2D PSCs toward realistic photovoltaic applications.