bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrologic balance, net primary productivity and water use efficiency of the introduced exotic Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in south-western China
Authors: Hu Yanting , Zhao Ping , Huang Yuqing , Zhu Liwei , Ni Guangyan , Zhao Xiuhua , Huang Zhihong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Aims
Land cover changes can disrupt water balance and alter the partitioning of precipitation into surface runoff, evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge. The widely planted Eucalyptus trees in south-western China have the potential to bring about hydrologic impacts. Our research aims to elucidate the hydrologic balance characteristics of the introduced exotic Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla plantation and to assess whether its high productivity results from high water use efficiency (WUE) or large water consumption.

Methods
A 400-m2 experimental plot was established in an E. grandis × E. urophylla plantation in south-western China. Water balance components, including stand transpiration (Tr), evapotranspiration (Et) and runoff (R) were obtained as follows: Tr was estimated based on sap flow measurements, Et was estimated as the average of surface transpiration and evaporation weighted by the fractional green vegetation cover using a modeling approach, and R was collected using the installed metal frame. Net primary productivity (NPP) was obtained from allometric equation and annual diameter at breast height (DBH) increment determination.

Important Findings
Annual Et and Tr were 430 ± 31 and 239 ± 17 mm, respectively. Annual Tr accounts for 56 ± 8% of total evapotranspiration on average. WUE (NPP/Tr) of the E. grandis × E. urophylla was estimated to be 3.3–3.9 mmol·mol−1. Based on the comparative analysis of Tr and WUE, E. grandis × E. urophylla had a high productivity due to its high WUE without exhibiting prodigal water use. Meteorological factors including vapor pressure deficit and global solar radiation (Rs) were key factors regulating Et and Tr in our research site. Annual surface runoff, Et and canopy interception occupied 7%, 27–30% and 16% of total precipitation, while the remaining 46–50% of precipitation was used for sustaining groundwater recharge and altering soil water storage. The higher runoff coefficient (7.1%) indicated the weaker capability of E. grandis × E. urophylla to reserve water resource than natural forests and less disturbed plantations. The planting and protection of understory vegetation may decrease the surface runoff and exert beneficial effects on water conservation capacity of Eucalyptus plantation.
Reading Jeremiah 52 in Exile: Purpose in the Composition of Jeremiah
Authors: Harger Adam K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Jeremiah 52 is valued among scholars for the insight it provides into the composition history of the larger book and its relationship to 2 Kings. Beyond the text-critical clues it provides, however, little is said about the relationship of Jeremiah 52 to the rest of the book. The chapter has been added to Jeremiah from its original position in 2 Kings 24–5 (or a common source), but it has been edited in the process. What follows is an exploration of a possible motivation for the addition of Jeremiah 52 to the larger book. Using the characters of Jehoiachin and Zedekiah as representatives of those who did and did not listen to the exhortation of the prophet, the editor uses the material of Jeremiah 52 to indicate that any future for the nation of Israel was located in—and would come out of—Babylon.
Takotsubo syndrome
Authors: Lyon Alexander , Sweeney Mark , Omerovic Elmir 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome is an acute heart failure syndrome characterized by acute, reversible ventricular dysfunction, often in response to a physical or an emotional stressor. Takotsubo syndrome mimics acute myocardial infarction, presenting as chest pain or breathlessness, with electrocardiographic changes and troponin elevation, but with no explanatory coronary artery lesions on coronary angiography. It is increasingly commonly recognized in recent years as a cause of acute chest pain presentations. Although the majority of patients have a good prognosis following an episode of Takotsubo syndrome, it is becoming apparent that there is a significant burden of morbidity and mortality associated with this condition. The pathophysiology is likely to relate to an acute surge of catecholamines in response to stress, which results in multiple effects on the myocardium and vascular system. Currently, trial evidence is lacking, and management is based on clinical opinion, with optimal supportive care and avoidance of catecholamines as the mainstay of treatment in the acute phase. Non-catecholamine-related inotropes, such as levosimendan, have been reported in patients who require inotropic support, with anecdotal success. However, early consideration of referral to specialist centres for mechanical circulatory support is important in these severe cases. Evidence for medication to minimize recurrence is limited. Some observational data suggest angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and beta-blockers may be beneficial in reducing mortality and preventing recurrence. However, there are no prospective data to inform treatment, and current management is guided by expert consensus.
Ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Borggrefe Martin , Tülümen Erol , Brugada Josep 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias are abnormal rhythms that originate from below the atrioventricular node. They include premature ventricular complexes, ventricular tachycardias, and ventricular fibrillation. Ventricular arrhythmias may occur in patients with structural heart disease (ischaemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies such as dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, etc.) or in patients with a structurally normal heart (genetic arrhythmia syndromes such as long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, or as idiopathic ventricular tachycardias). Symptoms depend on the frequency, duration, and haemodynamic effects of the arrhythmia. They may be asymptomatic or may cause symptoms, such as palpitations, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, dizziness, or syncope, or may present with cardiac arrest. This chapter is focused on the role of antiarrhythmic drugs in the management of ventricular arrhythmias. The recommendations are based on the current guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias.
On the relative bias of void tracers in the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Pollina G , Hamaus N , Paech K , Dolag K , Weller J , Sánchez C , Rykoff E S , Jain B , Abbott T M C , Allam S , Avila S , Bernstein R A , Bertin E , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Cunha C E , D’Andrea C B , da Costa L N , De Vicente J , DePoy D L , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Evrard A E , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Giannantonio T , Gruen D , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Hoyle B , James D J , Jeltema T , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lima M , March M , Marshall J L , Melchior P , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schindler R , Schubnell M , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Sobreira F , Suchyta E , Tarle G , Walker A R , Wester W ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Luminous tracers of large-scale structure are not entirely representative of the distribution of mass in our Universe. As they arise from the highest peaks in the matter density field, the spatial distribution of luminous objects is biased towards those peaks. On large scales, where density fluctuations are mild, this bias simply amounts to a constant offset in the clustering amplitude of the tracer, known as linear bias. In this work we focus on the relative bias between galaxies and galaxy clusters that are located inside and in the vicinity of cosmic voids, extended regions of relatively low density in the large-scale structure of the Universe. With the help of mock data we verify that the relation between galaxy and cluster overdensity around voids remains linear. Hence, the void-centric density profiles of different tracers can be linked by a single multiplicative constant. This amounts to the same value as the relative linear bias between tracers for the largest voids in the sample. For voids of small sizes, which typically arise in higher density regions, this constant has a higher value, possibly showing an environmental dependence similar to that observed for the linear bias itself. We confirm our findings by analysing data obtained during the first year of observations by the Dark Energy Survey. As a side product, we present the first catalogue of three-dimensional voids extracted from a photometric survey with a controlled photo-z uncertainty. Our results will be relevant in forthcoming analyses that attempt to use voids as cosmological probes.
Examining the radius valley: a machine-learning approach
Authors: MacDonald Mariah G 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The ‘radius valley’ is a relative dearth of planets between two potential populations of exoplanets, super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. This feature appears in examining the distribution of planetary radii, but has only ever been characterized on small samples. The valley could be a result of photoevaporation, which has been predicted in numerous theoretical models, or a result of other processes. Here, we investigate the relationship between planetary radius and orbital period through two-dimensional kernel density estimator and various clustering methods, using all known super-Earths (R &lt; 4.0RE). With our larger sample, we confirm the radius valley and characterize it as a power law. Using a variety of methods, we find a range of slopes that are consistent with each other and distinctly negative. We average over these results and find the slope to be $m=-0.319^{+0.088}_{-0.116}$. We repeat our analysis on samples from previous studies. For all methods we use, the resulting line has a negative slope, which is consistent with models of photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss but inconsistent with planets forming in a gas-poor disc
Job protection deregulation in good and bad times
Authors: Duval Romain , Furceri Davide , Jalles Joao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the short-term employment effect of deregulating job protection for regular workers and how it varies with prevailing business cycle conditions. We apply the local projection method to a newly constructed dataset of major regular job protection reforms covering 26 advanced economies over the past four decades. The analysis relies on country-sector-level data, using as identifying assumption the fact that stringent dismissal regulations are more binding in sectors that are characterized by a higher ‘natural’ propensity to make regular adjustments to the workforce. We find that the response of sectoral employment to deregulation depends crucially on the state of the economy at the time of reform—deregulation increases employment if implemented during an economic expansion, but reduces employment if carried out in a recession. These findings are consistent with theory and are robust to a battery of sensitivity checks.
BTB-BACK Domain E3 Ligase MdPOB1 Suppresses Plant Pathogen Defense against Botryosphaeria dothidea by Ubiquitinating and Degrading MdPUB29 Protein in Apple
Authors: Han Peng-Liang , Wang Chu-Kun , Liu Xiao-Juan , Dong Yuan-Hua , Jiang Han , Hu Da-Gang , Hao Yu-Jin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Apple ring rot is a severe disease that affects the yield and quality of apple fruits worldwide. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that involved in this process still remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that apple POZ/BTB CONTAINING-PROTEIN 1 (MdPOB1), a BTB-BACK domain E3 ligase protein, functions to suppress apple pathogen defense against Botryosphaeria dothidea (B. dothidea). Both in vitro and in vivo assays indicated that MdPOB1 interacted directly with and degraded apple U-box E3 ligase MdPUB29, a well-established positive regulator of plant innate immunity, through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. A series of transgenic analyses in apple fruits demonstrated that MdPOB1 affected apple pathogen defense against B. dothidea at least partially, if not completely, via regulating MdPUB29. Additionally, it was found that the apple pathogen defense against B. dothidea was correlated with the H2O2 contents and the relative expression of salicylic acid (SA) synthesis- and SA signaling-related genes, which might be regulated via degradation of MdPUB29 by MdPOB1. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the mechanism of the MdPOB1 modulation of apple ring rot resistance, which occur by directly regulating potential downstream target protein MdPUB29 for proteasomal degradation in apple.
Being Healthy, Being Sick, Being Responsible: Attitudes towards Responsibility for Health in a Public Healthcare System
Authors: Traina Gloria , Martinussen Pål E , Feiring Eli 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Lifestyle-induced diseases are becoming a burden on healthcare, actualizing the discussion on health responsibilities. Using data from the National Association for Heart and Lung Diseases (LHL)’s 2015 Health Survey (N = 2689), this study examined the public’s attitudes towards personal and social health responsibility in a Norwegian population. The questionnaires covered self-reported health and lifestyle, attitudes towards personal responsibility and the authorities’ responsibility for promoting health, resource-prioritisation and socio-demographic characteristics. Block-wise multiple linear regression assessed the association between attitudes towards health responsibilities and individual lifestyle, political orientation and health condition. We found a moderate support for social responsibility across political views. Respondents reporting unhealthier eating habits, smokers and physically inactive were less supportive of health promotion policies (including information, health incentives, prevention and regulations). The idea that individuals are responsible for taking care of their health was widely accepted as an abstract ideal. Yet, only a third of the respondents agreed with introducing higher co-payments for treatment of ‘self-inflicted’ conditions and levels of support were patterned by health-related behaviour and left-right political orientation. Our study suggests that a significant support for social responsibility does not exclude a strong support for personal health responsibility. However, conditional access to healthcare based on personal lifestyle is still controversial.
North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) and its food: (I) a spatial climatology of Calanus biomass and potential foraging habitats in Canadian waters
Authors: Plourde S , Lehoux C , Johnson C L , Perrin G , Lesage V 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed at identifying potentially suitable foraging habitats for the North Atlantic right whale (NARW; Eubalaena glacialis) in the Gulf of St Lawrence (GSL), on the Scotian Shelf (SS) and in the Bay of Fundy (BoF), Canada, based on the distribution densities of their main prey, Calanus copepod species. More than 4800 historical Calanus spp. water column integrated samples as well as 221 vertically stratified sampling stations were used to create a 3D (latitude, longitude and vertical) climatology of Calanus spp. biomass densities for spring and summer–fall when NARW are feeding in Canadian waters. We then combined this 3D preyscape with bio-energetic considerations to highlight potentially suitable NARW foraging habitats in the region. Our 3D climatological approach successfully identified the known feeding areas of Grand Manan (BoF) and Roseway Basin (western SS), confirming its validity. Expanding our analyses to the GSL and other parts of the SS, we identified in both regions areas previously unknown where Calanus spp. biomass densities exceeded minimum levels suitable for foraging NARW. Our results represent a key contribution to the identification of important foraging areas for NARW in Canadian waters, especially in the context of climate change and the documented shift in NARW distribution.
Dynamical mass generation in QED$_3$: A non-perturbative approach
Authors: de Gracia G B , Pimentel B M , Rabanal L 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this work we provide a non-perturbative description of the phenomenon of dynamical mass generation in the case of quantum electrodynamics in $2+1$ dimensions. We will use the Kugo–Ojima–Nakanishi formalism to conclude that the physical Hilbert space of the asymptotic photon field is the same as that of the Maxwell–Chern–Simons.
The Impact of Psychological Interventions on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Pain Symptoms
Authors: Goldstein Ellen , McDonnell Christina , Atchley Rachel , Dorado Kathleen , Bedford Carter , Brown Roger L. , Zgierska Aleksandra E. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and pain often co-occur, introducing clinical challenges and economic burden. Psychological treatments are considered effective for each condition, yet it is not known which therapies have the potential to concurrently address PTSD and pain-related symptoms.

Materials and Methods:
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis, databases were searched for articles published between January 2007 and December 2017 describing results from clinical trials of interventions addressing PTSD and pain-related symptoms in adults. Two independent reviewers finalized data extraction and risk of bias assessments. A random-effects model was used for meta-analysis and to calculate pooled and subgroup effect sizes (ESs) of psychological-only (single modality) and multimodal interventions.

Results:
Eighteen trials (7 uncontrolled, 11 randomized controlled trials, RCTs), totaling 1583 participants, were included in the systematic review. RCT intervention types included exposure-based, cognitive-behavioral, and mindfulness-based therapies. Data from 10 RCTs (N=1, 35) were available for meta-analysis, which demonstrated moderate effect for reduced PTSD severity (ES=−0.55, confidence interval [CI]: −0.83, −0.26) and nonsignificant effect for pain intensity (ES=−0.14, CI: −0.43, 0.15) and pain interference (ES=−0.07, CI: −0.35, 0.20) outcomes. Findings from uncontrolled trials supported meta-analytic results from RCTs. Using GRADE assessment, the quality of evidence was deemed as moderate for RCTs and low for non-RCTs.

Discussion:
Findings indicated that the majority of the interventions appeared to have a greater impact on reducing PTSD rather than pain-related symptoms. There remains a need to further develop interventions that consistently impact PTSD and pain-related outcomes when these 2 conditions co-occur.
The Effect of Depth of Anesthesia on Hemodynamic Changes Induced by Therapeutic Compression of the Trigeminal Ganglion
Authors: Wang Chang-Ming , Guan Zhan-Ying , Wang Quan-Cai , Zhang Jing , Ma Yi , Zhao Ping 
Published: May 2019

Background:Percutaneous compression of the trigeminal ganglion (PCTG) has been used to treat trigeminal neuralgia since 1983. A PCTG-related trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) can induce dramatic hemodynamic disturbances. This study investigates the effects of depth of propofol anesthesia on hemodynamic changes during PCTG.Materials and Methods:A total of 120 patients who underwent PTCG for trigeminal neuralgia were randomly assigned to control group-intravenous saline pretreatment before PCTG puncture and anesthesia targeted to bispectral index (BIS) 40 to 60 throughout, and study group-intravenous propofol 1 to 2 mg/kg pretreatment to deepen anesthesia to BIS<40 before PCTG. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate (HR), cardiac output, system vascular resistance, and BIS were measured at 9 time points during the procedure, and the incidence of the TCR was observed at T5and T6.Results:BIS was lower in the study group compared with the control after pretreatment with propofol or saline, respectively. Compared with the control group, mean arterial pressure was lower in the study group at several points during the procedure, but there was no difference in HR between the 2 groups at any point. Cardiac output was higher and system vascular resistance lower in the study compared with the control group. In the control group, 42 (70.0%) and 52 (86.7%) of patients developed a TCR at the 2 points, and 37 (67.1%) and 45 (75.0%) in the study group. There was no difference in the incidence of TCR between the 2 groups.Conclusion:Increasing the depth of propofol anesthesia partially attenuated PTCG-related elevation of blood pressure but did not modify the abrupt reduction in HR.
Health Care Utilization and Payments of Postoperative and Drug Abuse-Related Spinal Infections
Authors: Alhourani Ahmad , Dietz Nicholas , Sharma Mayur , Ugiliweneza Beatrice , Wang Dengzhi , Nuño Miriam , Drazin Doniel , Boakye Maxwell 
Published: May 2019

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of data extracted from the MarketScan database (2000–2016) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9, ICD-10, and Current Procedural Terminology-4 codes.

Objective.
Evaluate the economic costs and health care utilization associated with spine infections.

Summary of Background Data.
Spinal infections (SI) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A recent spike in SI is attributed to the drug abuse epidemic. Management of SI represents a large burden on the health care system.

Methods.
We assessed payments and outcomes at the index hospitalization, 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow up. Outcomes assessed included length of stay, complications, operation rates, and health care utilization. Outcomes were compared between cohorts with spinal infections: (1) with prior surgery, (2) drug abuse, and (3) without previous exposure to surgery or drug abuse, denoted as control.

Results.
We identified 43,972 patients; 15.6% (N = 6847) of patients underwent prior surgery, 3.8% (N = 1,668) were previously expose to drug abuse while 80.6% fell into the control group. Both the postsurgical and drug abuse groups longer hospital stay compared with the control cohort (5 d vs. 4 d, P < 0.0001). Exposure to IV drug abuse was associated with increased risk of complications compared with the control group (43% vs. 38%, P < 0.0001). Payments at 1-month follow-up were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher among the postsurgical group compared with both groups. However, at 12-months follow-up, payments were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher in the drug abuse group compared with both groups. Only postsurgical infections were associated with higher number of surgical interventions both at presentation and 1 year follow up.

Conclusion.
SI following surgery or IV drug abuse are associated with higher payments, complication rates, and longer hospital stays. Drug abuse related SI are associated with the highest complication rates, readmissions, and overall payments at 1 year of follow up despite the lower rate of surgical interventions.

Level of Evidence: 3