bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competing with complementors: An empirical look at Amazon.com
Authors: Zhu Feng , Liu Qihong 
Published: July 2018

Research Summary: Platform owners sometimes enter complementors' product spaces and compete against them. Using data from Amazon.com to study Amazon's entry pattern into third‐party sellers' product spaces, we find that Amazon is more likely to target successful product spaces. We also find that Amazon is less likely to enter product spaces that require greater seller efforts to grow, suggesting that complementors' platform‐specific investments influence platform owners' entry decisions. While Amazon's entry discourages affected third‐party sellers from subsequently pursuing growth on the platform, it increases product demand and reduces shipping costs for consumers. We consider the implications of these findings for complementors in platform‐based markets.Managerial Summary: Platform owners can exert considerable influence over their complementors' welfare. Many complementors with successful products are pushed out of markets because platform owners enter their product spaces and compete directly with them. To mitigate such risks, complementors could build their businesses by aggregating nonblockbuster products or focusing on products requiring significant platform‐specific investments to grow. They should also develop capabilities in new product discovery so that they could continually bring innovative products to their platforms.
Fuzzy magnetorheological device vibration control of the two Timoshenko cantilever beams interconnected under earthquake excitation
Authors: Ndemanou Buris Peggy , Nbendjo Blaise Romeo Nana 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThis paper deals with the nonstationary random response of the two tall buildings connected via a magnetorheological device. The Timoshenko cantilever beam approach is used to model each of the structures. An analytical procedure for obtaining the modal equations of the whole structural system is detailed. By applying numerically the peak of root‐mean‐square displacement approach, the optimal attachment point of the control device on the structures benefited to the first two vibration modes is determined. Furthermore, a fuzzy controller rule is used to model the failure data by computing the desired voltage leading to a good control at each mode.
A review of ground‐based radar as a noncontact sensor for structural health monitoring of in‐field wind turbines blades
Authors: Ochieng Francis Xavier , Hancock Craig Matthew , Roberts Gethin Wyn , Le Kernec Julien 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGround‐based radar (GBR) are increasingly being used either as a vibration‐based or as guided‐wave‐based structural health monitoring (SHM) sensors for monitoring of wind turbines blades. Despite various studies mentioning the use of radar as transducer for SHM, a singular exclusive review of GBR in blade monitoring may have been lacking.Various studies undertaken for SHM of blades using GBR have largely been laboratory‐based or with actual wind turbines in parked positions or focussed on the extraction of only specific condition parameters like frequency or deflection with no validation with actual expected operating data. The present study provides quantitative data that relates in‐field monitoring of wind turbines by GBR with actual design operating data. As such it helps the monitoring of blades during design, testing, and operation. Further, it supports the determination of fatigue damage for in‐field wind turbine blades especially those made of composite materials by way of condition parameters residuals and deflection.A review of the two GBR–SHM approaches is thus undertaken. Additionally, a case study demonstrating its practical use as a vibration‐based noncontact SHM sensors is also provided. The study contributes to the monitoring of blades during design, testing, and operation. Further, it supports the determination of damage detection for in‐field wind turbine blades within a 3‐tier SHM framework especially those made of composite materials by way of condition parameter residuals of extracted modal frequencies and deflection.
Inference enterprise models: An approach to organizational performance improvement
Authors: Buede Dennis M. , Axelrad Elise T. , Brown David P. , Hudson Daniel W. , Laskey Kathryn B. , Sticha Paul J. , Thomas Jordan L. 
Published: July 2018

We demonstrate that our success in solving a set of increasingly complex challenge problems is associated with an inference enterprise (IE) using inference enterprise models (IEMs). As part of a sponsored research competition, we created a multimodeling inference enterprise modeling (MIEM) process to achieve winning scores on a spectrum of challenge problems related to insider threat detection. We present in general terms the motivation for and description of our MIEM solution. We then present the results of applying MIEM across a range of challenge problems, with a detailed illustration for one challenge problem. Finally, we discuss the science and promise of IEM and MIEM, including the applicability of MIEM to a spectrum of inference domains.This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Machine Learning
Algorithmic Development > Ensemble Methods
Technologies > Prediction
Static Prognostic Factors and Appropriate Surgical Designs for Patients with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: The Second Report from a Single‐Institution Study in Japan
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Miyauchi Akira , Kihara Minoru , Higashiiyama Takuya , Fukushima Mitsuhiro , Miya Akihiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundMedullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates from calcitonin‐producing cells of the thyroid.
In 2009, we published our first report on the biological characteristics and prognosis of 118 MTC patients. Herein, we enrolled a larger number of patients with longer follow‐up periods to further study the biological characteristics and appropriate therapies for MTC.MethodsIn general, hemithyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy were performed for sporadic MTC confined to the thyroid lobe and for hereditary MTC with central node dissection, respectively. Moreover, prophylactic modified radical neck dissection was performed on the side of macroscopic tumors.ResultsIn total, 233 patients (99 hereditary and 134 sporadic) were enrolled. The median follow‐up time was 128 months (range 7–445 months). Biochemical cure was obtained in 36 (62%) of the 58 patients who underwent prophylactic MND and were pathologically positive for lateral node metastasis. None of the patients had recurrence in the preserved thyroid. Distant recurrence was detected in 19 patients, and 12 died of MTC. Preoperative calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen levels, tumor size (T) > 4 cm, the male sex, clinical and pathological node metastases (N1), distant metastasis (M1), extrathyroid extension (Ex), and a lack of biochemical cure had prognostic impacts on distant recurrence and/or carcinoma‐related mortality on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, Ex was independently correlated with distant recurrence, and Ex, T > 4 cm, and M1 independently affected carcinoma‐related mortality.ConclusionMTC patients had excellent prognosis in our institutions, indicating that our surgical strategies were appropriate.
Expressive instructions: ethnographic insights into the creativity and improvisation entailed in teaching physical skills to medical students
Authors: Harris Anna , Rethans Jan-Joost 
Published: July 2018

Introduction Creativity and improvisation are recognized as important aspects of training expertise in domains such as business and the arts, yet rarely discussed in medical education. This article examines how creativity and improvisation play out in the ways teachers give ‘expressive instructions’ to medical students when teaching physical skills.
Methods Ethnographic fieldwork was conducted in a medical school in Maastricht, the Netherlands, with first, second and third year students learning physical examination skills. Over 230 h of fieldwork was conducted in the Skills Lab, including 34 tutorials of 1.5 h duration, with 11 different teachers and over 500 students. Patterns found in the fieldnotes were thematically analyzed using an inductive approach, drawing on sociological theories of craftsmanship.
Results Findings showed that teachers improvise beyond the standardized lesson structure and classroom set-up, giving what we call, drawing on sociological theory, ‘expressive instructions’. This was visible in two main ways: 1) by teachers using their own bodies; 2) by teachers using materials that came to hand.
Discussion This research highlights the important yet underexplored role of creativity and improvisation in teaching physical skills. Creativity and improvisation appear to be particularly important when training expertise in skills that are difficult to articulate and thus require expressive instructions, due for example to their sensory nature. Focusing on how expressive instructions play out in medical education offers insights into the tacit components of expertise development, a process which builds upon a long period of teachers’ skilled practice.
Incidents That Require First Aid in Schools: Can Teachers Give First Aid?
Authors: Faydalı Saide , Küçük Sibel , Yeşilyurt Maide 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveSchool-aged children are a risk group in terms of accidents and injuries, and these factors may be the primary causes of death in children. Teachers have important roles in preventing accidents and injuries and giving first aid. The purpose of this research was to identify situations in which teachers most frequently encounter the need to administer first aid to children and whether the teachers performed the correct application in these events.MethodsThis descriptive study was conducted with 331 teachers in a city in the Central Anatolia Region. The study was approved by the local ethics committee and the participants.ResultsOf the 45.3% teachers educating children ages 6 to 15 years, 81.0% of the teachers were familiar with first aid, but only 23.0% claimed to have an adequate knowledge. In the previous year, situations that had required first aid included epistaxis (75.2%), abdominal pain (49.2%), and vomiting (39.2%). The study also investigated any accidents and injuries occurring, their causes, and the teachers’ interventions following the accidents and injuries. It was found that teachers had information about first aid, but they did not trust themselves enough to practice it.ConclusionUnderstanding the causes of accidents and injuries, finding preventive measures, and updating teachers’ knowledge about this subject are important to provide a safe educational environment. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:456-462)
Self-normalized large deviation for supercritical branching processes
Authors: Chu Weijuan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We consider a supercritical branching process (Zn, n ≥ 0) with offspring distribution (pk, k ≥ 0) satisfying p0 = 0 and p1 > 0. By applying the self-normalized large deviation of Shao (1997) for independent and identically distributed random variables, we obtain the self-normalized large deviation for supercritical branching processes, which is the self-normalized version of the result obtained by Athreya (1994). The self-normalized large deviation can also be generalized to supercritical multitype branching processes.
Computable approximations for average Markov decision processes in continuous time
Authors: Anselmi Jonatha , Dufour François , Prieto-Rumeau Tomás 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In this paper we study the numerical approximation of the optimal long-run average cost of a continuous-time Markov decision process, with Borel state and action spaces, and with bounded transition and reward rates. Our approach uses a suitable discretization of the state and action spaces to approximate the original control model. The approximation error for the optimal average reward is then bounded by a linear combination of coefficients related to the discretization of the state and action spaces, namely, the Wasserstein distance between an underlying probability measure μ and a measure with finite support, and the Hausdorff distance between the original and the discretized actions sets. When approximating μ with its empirical probability measure we obtain convergence in probability at an exponential rate. An application to a queueing system is presented.
Exploring Roman and early-medieval habitation of the Rhine–Meuse delta: modelling large-scale demographic changes and corresponding land-use impact
Authors: van Lanen Rowin J. , de Kleijn Maurice T.M. , Gouw-Bouman Marjolein T.I.J. , Pierik Harm Jan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study we apply an evidence-based approach to model population-size fluctuations and their corresponding impact on land use during the Roman and early-medieval periods in the Rhine–Meuse delta in the present-day Netherlands. Past-population numbers are reconstructed based on Roman and early-medieval settlement patterns. Corresponding impacts of these demographic fluctuations on potential land use are calculated by integrating the newly developed demographic overviews with archaeological and geoscientific data using a new land-use model termed ‘Past Land-Use Scanner’ (PLUS). The primary aims are to reconstruct first-millennium palaeodemographics and to explore the potential of simulation modelling for testing the feasibility of archaeological hypotheses regarding past land use. Results show that in the study area the first millennium AD was characterised by two periods during which major population growth occurred: the middle-Roman period (AD 70–270) and early-medieval period C (AD 725–950). A major demographic decline of 78–85% occurred during the late-Roman period (AD 270–450), after which first-millennium population numbers never again reached middle-Roman period levels. The modelling outcomes demonstrate that the impact of population fluctuations (growth vs decline) on the limits of the natural landscape during the first millennium in general was low. During these thousand years, the natural landscape almost without exception (only scenario D deviates) provided sufficient options for arable farming, meadows and pastures and was not a limiting factor for population growth. These results underline the added value of simulation modelling for testing the feasibility of archaeological hypotheses and analysing human–landscape interactions in the past.
The costs and benefits of replication studies
Authors: Coles Nicholas A. , Tiokhin Leonid , Scheel Anne M. , Isager Peder M. , Lakens Daniël 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe debate about whether replication studies should become mainstream is essentially driven by disagreements about their costs and benefits and the best ways to allocate limited resources. Determining when replications are worthwhile requires quantifying their expected utility. We argue that a formalized framework for such evaluations can be useful for both individual decision-making and collective discussions about replication.
A pragmatist philosophy of psychological science and its implications for replication
Authors: Gantman Ana , Gomila Robin , Martinez Joel E. , Matias J. Nathan , Paluck Elizabeth Levy , Starck Jordan , Wu Sherry , Yaffe Nechumi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA pragmatist philosophy of psychological science offers to the direct replication debate concrete recommendations and novel benefits that are not discussed in Zwaan et al. This philosophy guides our work as field experimentalists interested in behavioral measurement. Furthermore, all psychologists can relate to its ultimate aim set out by William James: to study mental processes that provide explanations for why people behave as they do in the world.
Making replication prestigious
Authors: Gorgolewski Krzysztof J. , Nichols Thomas , Kennedy David N. , Poline Jean-Baptiste , Poldrack Russell A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMaking replication studies widely conducted and published requires new incentives. Academic awards can provide such incentives by highlighting the best and most important replications. The Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) has led such efforts by recently introducing the OHBM Replication Award. Other communities can adopt this approach to promote replications and reduce career cost for researchers performing them.
Replication is already mainstream: Lessons from small-N designs
Authors: Little Daniel R. , Smith Philip L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReplication is already mainstream in areas of psychology that use small-N designs. Replication failures often result from weak theory, weak measurement, and weak control over error variance. These are hallmarks of phenomenon-based research with sparse data. Small-N designs, which focus on understanding processes, treat the individual rather than the experiment as the unit of replication and largely circumvent these problems.
Strong scientific theorizing is needed to improve replicability in psychological science
Authors: Carsel Timothy , Demos Alexander P. , Motyl Matt 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe target article makes the important case for making replicability mainstream. Yet, their proposal targets a symptom, rather than the underlying cause of low replication rates. We argue that psychological scientists need to devise stronger theories that are more clearly falsifiable. Without strong, falsifiable theories in the original research, attempts to replicate the original research are nigh uninterpretable.
Verify original results through reanalysis before replicating
Authors: Nuijten Michèle B. , Bakker Marjan , Maassen Esther , Wicherts Jelte M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn determining the need to directly replicate, it is crucial to first verify the original results through independent reanalysis of the data. Original results that appear erroneous and that cannot be reproduced by reanalysis offer little evidence to begin with, thereby diminishing the need to replicate. Sharing data and scripts is essential to ensure reproducibility.
The replicability revolution
Authors: Schimmack Ulrich 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPsychology is in the middle of a replicability revolution. High-profile replication studies have produced a large number of replication failures. The main reason why replication studies in psychology often fail is that original studies were selected for significance. If all studies were reported, original studies would fail to produce significant results as often as replication studies. Replications would be less contentious if original results were not selected for significance.
Conceptualizing and evaluating replication across domains of behavioral research
Authors: Tackett Jennifer L. , McShane Blakeley B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe discuss the authors' conceptualization of replication, in particular the false dichotomy of direct versus conceptual replication intrinsic to it, and suggest a broader one that better generalizes to other domains of psychological research. We also discuss their approach to the evaluation of replication results and suggest moving beyond their dichotomous statistical paradigms and employing hierarchical/meta-analytic statistical models.
Making prepublication independent replication mainstream
Authors: Tierney Warren , Schweinsberg Martin , Uhlmann Eric Luis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe widespread replication of research findings in independent laboratories prior to publication is suggested as a complement to traditional replication approaches. The pre-publication independent replication approach further addresses three key concerns from replication skeptics by systematically taking context into account, reducing reputational costs for original authors and replicators, and increasing the theoretical value of failed replications.
Scientific progress is like doing a puzzle, not building a wall
Authors: Tullett Alexa M. , Vazire Simine 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe contest the “building a wall” analogy of scientific progress. We argue that this analogy unfairly privileges original research (which is perceived as laying bricks and, therefore, constructive) over replication research (which is perceived as testing and removing bricks and, therefore, destructive). We propose an alternative analogy for scientific progress: solving a jigsaw puzzle.
Using evidence to inform response to the 2017 plague outbreak in Madagascar: a view from the WHO African Regional Office
Authors: Heitzinger K. , Impouma B. , Farham B. L. , Hamblion E. L. , Lukoya C. , Machingaidze C. , Rakotonjanabelo L. A. , Yao M. , Diallo B. , Djingarey M. H. , Nsenga N. , Ndiaye C. F. , Fall I. S. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The 2017 plague outbreak in Madagascar was unprecedented in the African region, resulting in 2417 cases (498 confirmed, 793 probable and 1126 suspected) and 209 deaths by the end of the acute urban pneumonic phase of the outbreak. The Health Emergencies Programme of the WHO Regional Office for Africa together with the WHO Country Office and WHO Headquarters assisted the Ministry of Public Health of Madagascar in the rapid implementation of plague prevention and control measures while collecting and analysing quantitative and qualitative data to inform immediate interventions. We document the key findings of the evidence available to date and actions taken as a result. Based on the four goals of operational research – effective dissemination of results, peer-reviewed publication, changes to policy and practice and improvements in programme performance and health – we evaluate the use of evidence to inform response to the outbreak and describe lessons learned for future outbreak responses in the WHO African region. This article may not be reprinted or reused in any way in order to promote any commercial products or services.
Genome-wide marker-trait association analysis in a core set of Dolichos bean germplasm
Authors: Vaijayanthi P. V. , Ramesh S. , Gowda M. B. , Rao A. M. , Keerthi C. M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAssociation mapping (AM), an alternative method of quantitative trait loci (QTL) discovery, exploits historic linkage disequilibrium (LD) present in natural populations. AM is effective in self-pollinated crops such as Dolichos bean as LD extends over longer genomic distance driven-by low rate of recombination and thereby requiring fewer markers for exploring marker-traits associations. A core set of Dolichos bean germplasm consisting of 64 accessions was evaluated for nine quantitative traits (QTs) during 2014 and 2015 rainy seasons and genotyped using 234 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. Substantial diversity was observed among the core set accessions at loci controlling QTs and 95 of the 234 SSR markers were found polymorphic. The structure analysis and low magnitude of fixation indices suggested weak population structure, which in-turn indicated the low possibility of false discovery rates in the marker-QTs association. The marker allele's scores were regressed onto phenotypes at nine QTs following general linear model and mixed linear model for exploring marker-QTs associations. Significantly higher number of SSR markers was found associated with genomic regions controlling nine QTs. A few of the markers such as KT Dolichos (KTD) 200 for days to 50% flowering, KTD 273 for fresh pod yield per plant and KTD 130 for fresh pods per plant explained ≥10% of the trait variations. The study could also identify a few SSR markers such as KTD 273, KTD 271 and KTD 130 linked to multiple traits. These linked SSR markers are suggested for validation for their use in marker-assisted Dolichos bean improvement programmes.