bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concentration and multiplicity of solutions for fractional double phase problems
Authors: Zhang Youpei , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D , Chen Jing , Qin Dongdong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the present paper, we consider the following fractional double phase problem with nonlocal reaction:

\begin{align*}
\qquad \quad \left\{
\begin{array}{lll}
(- \Delta)_p^s u + (- \Delta)_q ^s u + V(\varepsilon x) (|u|^{p - 2} u + |u|^{q - 2} u) = \left(\frac{1}{|x|^\mu} * F(u)\right) f(u) & \ \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^N, \\
u \in W^{s,p}(\mathbb{R}^N) \cap W^{s,q}(\mathbb{R}^N) ,\ u \gt 0 & \ \text{in}\ \mathbb{R}^N,
\end{array}
\right\}
\end{align*}

where ɛ is apositive parameter,

$0 \lt s \lt 1$

,

$2 \leqslant p \lt q \lt \min\{2p, N / s\}$

,

$0 \lt \mu \lt sp$

,

$(- \Delta)_t^s$

$(t \in \left\{p,q\right\})$

is the fractional t-Laplace operator, the reaction term

$f : \mathbb{R} \mapsto \mathbb{R}$

is continuous, and the potential

$V \in C (\mathbb{R}^N , \mathbb{R})$

satisfying a local condition. Using a variational approach and topological tools (the non-standard C1-Nehari manifold analysis and the abstract category theory), multiplicity of positive solutions and concentration properties for the above problem are established. Our results extend and complement some previous contributions related to double phase variational integrals.
Reexamining the Psychophysical Evidence for the Two Visual Streams
Authors: Henke Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The perception/action model posits distinct streams of visual processing for perception and online motor guidance. This model is apparently supported by experiments showing that visual illusions affect action tasks less than perception. In recent years, however, critics have argued against both the validity of these experiments and their support (irrespective of their validity) for the perception/action model. In this article, I reexamine this psychophysical evidence. I argue that it strongly supports the existence of distinct representations for “perception” and “action” but only moderately supports the existence of distinct systems generating those representations.
The distribution of focus and the mapping between syntax and information structure
Authors: Cruschina Silvio , Mayol Laia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The availability of preverbal focus in Romance is still the subject of controversy in the relevant literature. In this paper, we investigate the distribution of information focus in three Romance languages: Catalan, Spanish and Italian. The main goal is to understand if and to what extent information focus can occur preverbally in these three languages. To this end, we applied a new technique (Questions with a Delayed Answer) to elicit both production data and acceptability judgements. Our results show that preverbal foci are almost never produced in free speech under elicitation but are judged as acceptable by native speakers in rating tasks. The acceptability of preverbal foci, however, is subject to variation: they are more acceptable in Spanish but less so in Catalan and Italian. We interpret this difference across the three Romance languages in the light of the hypothesis formulated in Leonetti (2017), according to which Catalan and especially Italian are more restrictive than Spanish with respect to the mapping between syntax and information structure. While all languages resort to the dedicated word order with a more transparent information-structure partition for a focal subject (i.e. VS), Spanish is more permissive in also allowing a narrow focus interpretation of the subject in an SV order.
Pathways to health: A longitudinal examination of protective factors in children with and without preschool anxiety
Authors: Navarro Esmeralda , Davis Megan , Martin Sophia , Butler Lauren V. , Egger Helen , Carpenter Kimberly L.H. , Copeland William E. , Sheridan Margaret A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Preschool anxiety is highly prevalent and well known to predict risk for future psychopathology. The present study explores whether a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder in preschool interacts with (a) social skills and (b) cognitive ability to longitudinally predict psychopathology, two well-known protective factors, among a sample of 207 children measured at preschool (Mage = 4.34 years) and early childhood (Mage = 6.61 years). To assess social skills and cognitive ability, we utilized the Social Skills Rating Scale and the Differential Abilities Scale, respectively. To assess psychopathology, we utilized the parent report of the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment. Hierarchical linear regression models revealed significant interactions between both social skills and cognitive ability with preschool anxiety. We observed that social skills protected against emergent psychopathology for both children with and without anxiety, although this association was stronger for children with preschool anxiety. Contrastingly, cognitive ability served as a protective factor against future psychopathology primarily among children without preschool anxiety. Results from this study identify targets for future intervention and inform our understanding of how preschool anxiety, a common disorder among young children, shapes future psychopathology risk in childhood.
Assessment of cognitive and psychiatric disturbances in people with post-COVID-19 condition: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Masserini Federico , Pomati Simone , Cucumo Valentina , Nicotra Alessia , Maestri Giorgia , Cerioli Matteo , Giacovelli Luca , Scarpa Carolina , Larini Luca , Cirnigliaro Giovanna , dell’Osso Bernardo , Pantoni Leonardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveCognitive and psychiatric symptoms have been increasingly reported after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, developing soon after infection and possibly persisting for several months. We aimed to study this syndrome and start implementing strategies for its assessment.MethodsConsecutive patients, referred by the infectious disease specialist because of cognitive complaints after COVID-19, were neurologically evaluated. Neurological evaluation included a cognitive screening test (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA). Moreover, patients were invited to fill out a general symptom questionnaire and a self-administered multidimensional assessment of psychiatric symptoms, followed by a full psychiatric assessment if scores were above validated cutoffs.ResultsOf 144 referred patients, 101 (mean age 55.2±13.1, 63.4% females) completed the cognitive screening and the self-administered psychiatric questionnaire. Acute infection severity was low for most patients and the most common persisting symptoms were fatigue (92%), sleep problems (69.5%), and headache (52.4%). MoCA outlined cognitive deficits in ≥1 cognitive domain in 34% of patients, mainly in memory and attention. About 60% of patients presented depressive, anxiety, or stress-related symptoms. Psychiatric scale scores significantly correlated with overall symptom burden and MoCA score. No significant correlation was found between MoCA scores and overall symptom burden.ConclusionWe hypothesize that persistent cognitive complaints after COVID-19 might reflect a concomitant or reactive psychopathological condition, possibly coupled with an infection-related impact on cognitive functions. The application of a combined neurological and psychiatric assessment seems crucial to appraise the nature of post-COVID-19 condition.
Opioid antagonists: clinical utility, pharmacology, safety, and tolerability
Authors: McIntyre Roger S. , Harris Marni E. , Todtenkopf Mark S. , Akerman Sarah , Burgett Joshua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOpioid antagonists block opioid receptors, a mechanism associated with utility in several therapeutic indications. Here, we review the sites of action, clinical uses, pharmacology, and general safety profiles of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved opioid antagonists. A review of the literature and product labels of opioid antagonists was conducted. The unique clinical uses of approved opioid antagonists are related to their ability to block opioid receptors centrally and/or peripherally. Centrally acting opioid antagonists treat opioid and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and reverse opioid overdose. Because the opioid system influences weight and metabolism, one opioid antagonist combination product is approved for chronic weight management; another, approved for adults with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder, mitigates olanzapine-associated weight gain. Peripherally acting opioid antagonists are approved for opioid-induced constipation; another accelerates gastrointestinal recovery after bowel surgery. Opioid antagonists are generally well tolerated; they are not associated with physiologic dependence or abuse. However, opioid antagonists can precipitate acute opioid withdrawal in patients using or undergoing withdrawal from opioid agonists. Likewise, their use can confer a risk for opioid overdose if attempts are made to overcome opioid antagonist blockade of opioid receptors via the intake of additional opioids. Opioid receptor antagonists have diverse therapeutic benefits based on their respective pharmacology and sites of action; understanding their respective nuances facilitates the safe and effective use of these agents.
Combining internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy and attention bias modification for reducing depressive symptoms in firefighters: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Xiwen , Zhou Chengxiong , Zheng Yexing , Li Huaiyi , Tang Chao , Liu Xiang , Ma Ming , Li Dai , Li Yuanhui , Zhang Liqun , Xie Jilai , Du Linlin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Firefighters are frequently exposed to traumatic events and stressful environments and are at particularly high risk of depressive symptoms.

Aims:
The present study aimed to examine the impact of a combined internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) and attention bias modification (ABM) intervention to reduce depressive symptoms in firefighters.

Method:
The study was a randomized controlled trial carried out in Kunming, China, and involved the recruitment of 138 active firefighters as participants. The intervention lasted for an 8-week duration, during which participants participated in ABM exercises on alternating days and concurrently underwent eight modules of iCBT courses delivered through a smartphone application. Baseline and post-intervention assessments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the intervention.

Results and Discussion:
Results indicated that the combined iCBT and ABM intervention was significantly effective in reducing symptoms of depression compared with the no intervention control group (U=1644, p<0.001, Wilcoxon r=0.280). No significant change was observed in attention bias post-intervention (U=2460, p=0.737, Wilcoxon r=0.039), while a significant increase was observed in attention-bias variability (U=3172, p<0.001, Wilcoxon r=–0.287). This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of the combined iCBT and ABM intervention in reducing depressive symptoms among firefighters. This study provides conceptual support and preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of the combined iCBT and ABM intervention in reducing depressive symptoms among firefighters.
BOUNDEDNESS OF DIFFERENTIAL TRANSFORMS FOR FRACTIONAL HEAT SEMIGROUPS GENERATED BY SCHRÖDINGER OPERATORS
Authors: LI PENGTAO , LIU YU , WANG ZHIYONG 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Let

$L=-\Delta +V$

be a Schrödinger operator in

${\mathbb R}^n$

with

$n\geq 3$

, where

$\Delta $

is the Laplace operator denoted by

$\Delta =\sum ^{n}_{i=1}({\partial ^{2}}/{\partial x_{i}^{2}})$

and the nonnegative potential V belongs to the reverse Hölder class

$(RH)_{q}$

with

$q>n/2$

. For

$\alpha \in (0,1)$

, we define the operator

$$ \begin{align*} T_N^{L^{\alpha}} f(x) =\sum_{j=N_1}^{N_2} v_j(e^{-a_{j+1}L^\alpha} f(x)-e^{-a_{j}L^\alpha} f(x)) \quad \mbox{for all }x\in \mathbb R^n, \end{align*} $$

where

$\{e^{-tL^\alpha } \}_{t>0}$

is the fractional heat semigroup of the operator L,

$\{v_j\}_{j\in \mathbb Z}$

is a bounded real sequence and

$\{a_j\}_{j\in \mathbb Z}$

is an increasing real sequence.
We investigate the boundedness of the operator

$T_N^{L^{\alpha }}$

and the related maximal operator

$T^*_{L^{\alpha }}f(x):=\sup _N \vert T_N^{L^{\alpha }} f(x)\vert $

on the spaces

$L^{p}(\mathbb {R}^{n})$

and

$BMO_{L}(\mathbb {R}^{n})$

, respectively. As extensions of

$L^{p}(\mathbb {R}^{n})$

, the boundedness of the operators

$T_N^{L^{\alpha }}$

and

$T^*_{L^{\alpha }}$

on the Morrey space

$L^{\rho ,\theta }_{p,\kappa }(\mathbb {R}^{n})$

and the weak Morrey space

$WL^{\rho ,\theta }_{1,\kappa }(\mathbb {R}^{n})$

has also been proved.
Case Salience in the State Supreme Courts: A Research Update
Authors: Vining Richard L. , Wilhelm Teena , Hendricks-Benton Alyson 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this research, we update the measure of case salience for state supreme courts originally developed by Vining and Wilhelm (2011). The original measure was compatible with the Brace-Hall State Supreme Court Data Project (SSCDP) and covered 1995 through 1998. Our updated measure is now compatible with the Hall–Windett Data on State Supreme Court Outcomes (2013), a more contemporary source for state supreme court information. Here we discuss the new dataset of salient cases from 1995 to 2019 and provide descriptive statistics.
Packing State Supreme Courts: Analyzing the Dynamics of State Supreme Court Expansion
Authors: Zschirnt Simon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCourt restructuring has become a salient national political issue, with proposals to increase the number of justices on the US Supreme Court gaining traction in response to various Court controversies. However, relatively little attention has been paid to state-level efforts, some successful, to increase the number of justices on state supreme courts. Although the number of justices on the US Supreme Court has not been changed since 1869, the size of most state supreme courts has been less stable. To place recent state supreme court expansions into context, this article analyzes the historical dynamics of state supreme court expansion. Analyzing an original dataset that includes every change made to the size of a state supreme court since 1789, it finds that court expansion has been more likely when the political competitiveness of a state is low and when state judicial selection and retention systems provide for lower levels of judicial independence.
A Comparative Analysis of Satellite‐Derived CO Retrievals During the 2020 Wildfires in North America
Authors: Marey Heba S. , Drummond James R. , Jones Dylan B. A. , Worden Helen , Clerbaux Cathy , Borsdorff Tobias , Gille John 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn September 2020, the Western United States experienced anomalously severe wildfires that resulted in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions almost three times the 2001–2019 average. In this study, we investigate the influence of wildfires on atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) variability through a comparative analysis of observations from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), and the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Our focus is on the North American domain, aiming to understand the differences among these products. In general, all instruments show excellent agreement under typical atmospheric CO conditions. However, notable discrepancies were observed in the CO data from the three sensors, particularly in regions with elevated CO total column (TC) values. IASI and TROPOMI consistently showed higher CO values over the western U.S. compared to MOPITT. During the fire episodes, we found that the IASI retrievals suggested higher CO abundances near the surface than the MOPITT thermal infrared retrievals that are probably the result of the differences in the covariance matrices used in IASI and MOPITT retrievals. We also found that the high IASI and TROPOMI CO observations over the western U.S. coincided with high values of the TROPOMI aerosol index (AI), suggesting the presence of absorbing aerosols. The analysis exhibited better agreement between TROPOMI and MOPITT CO TC when the AI values were low. Our results suggest that appropriate quality filtering should be employed when analyzing pollution events with these data. In particular, utilizing the AI for quality filtering may be useful when analyzing extreme pollution events with these satellite products.
Compound Flooding Hazards Due To Storm Surge and Pluvial Flow in a Low‐Gradient Coastal Region
Authors: Han Sunghoon , Tahvildari Navid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlood risk analyses often focus on a single flooding source, typically storm surge or rainfall‐driven flooding, depending on the predominant threat. However, hurricanes frequently cause compound flooding through significant storm surges accompanied by heavy rainfall. This study employs a hydrodynamic model based on Delft3D‐Flexible Mesh that couples flow, waves, and rainfall‐driven flow to simulate five historical tropical cyclones in Virginia's southeast coastal region. These storms produced varying intensities of storm surge and rainfall in the study area. Model simulations, incorporating rainfall through a rain‐on‐grid approach, account for the dynamic interaction between storm tides, and pluvial flow and enable the definition of flood zones as hydrologic, transitional, and coastal zones. This compound flooding model was validated with water level data from in‐water and overland gauges. The results indicate that the magnitude of the coastal zone correlates strongly with the extent of the surge‐inundated area (SIA) obtained from simulations that only considered storm surges. The extent of the transitional zone correlates strongly with the product of SIA and total rainfall. As an additional measure for flood hazards besides water depth, we calculated flow momentum flux at different flood zones to assess potential damage from hydrodynamic loads on structures, vehicles, and pedestrians. A strong correlation was found between the magnitude of the surge and momentum flux. Furthermore, high rainfall rates and winds can cause a significant increase in momentum flux locally. Understanding flood zones and their flow dynamics helps to identify effective flood risk management strategies that address the dominant flood driver.
Deep Autoencoders for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Wildfire Prediction
Authors: Üstek İrem , Arana‐Catania Miguel , Farr Alexander , Petrunin Ivan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWildfires pose a significantly increasing hazard to global ecosystems due to the climate crisis. Due to its complex nature, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches to wildfire prediction, such as machine learning. This research took a unique approach, differentiating from classical supervised learning, and addressed the gap in unsupervised wildfire prediction using autoencoders and clustering techniques for anomaly detection. Historical weather and normalized difference vegetation index data sets of Australia for 2005–2021 were utilized. Two main unsupervised approaches were analyzed. The first used a deep autoencoder to obtain latent features, which were then fed into clustering models, isolation forest, local outlier factor and one‐class support vector machines for anomaly detection. The second approach used a deep autoencoder to reconstruct the input data and use reconstruction errors to identify anomalies. Long Short‐Term Memory autoencoders and fully connected (FC) autoencoders were employed in this part, both in an unsupervised way learning only from nominal data. The FC autoencoder outperformed its counterparts, achieving an accuracy of 0.71, an F1‐score of 0.74, and an MCC of 0.42. These findings highlight the practicality of this method, as it effectively predicts wildfires in the absence of ground truth, utilizing an unsupervised learning technique.
The Nonlinear and Distinct Responses of Ocean Heat Content and Anthropogenic Carbon to Ice Sheet Freshwater Discharge in a Warming Climate
Authors: Gorte Tessa , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Nissen Cara , Lenaerts Jan T. M. , Weiss Jeffrey B. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change will drive extensive mass loss across both the Antarctic (AIS) and Greenland Ice Sheets (GrIS), with the potential for global climate system feedbacks, especially in polar regions. Historically, the high‐latitude North Atlantic and Southern Ocean have been critical regions for anthropogenic heat and carbon uptake, but our understanding of how this uptake will be altered by future freshwater discharge is incomplete. We assess each ice sheet's impact on global ocean anthropogenic heat and carbon storage for a high‐emission scenario over the ‐century using a coupled Earth system model. We explore the impact of contemporaneous mass loss from both ice sheets on anthropogenic heat and carbon storage and quantify their linear and nonlinear contributions. Notably, added freshwater reduces ocean heat and carbon storage by 2,100, and the sum of individual freshwater effects differ from those induced by simultaneous freshwater discharge from both ice sheets. Combined AIS and GrIS freshwater engenders distinct anthropogenic storage anomalies—particularly in the high‐latitude Southern Ocean and North Atlantic. From 2080 to 2100, GrIS freshwater exerts primary control on the temporal evolution of global ocean heat storage, while global ocean carbon storage is modulated by the linear AIS and GrIS freshwater impacts. Nonlinear impacts of simultaneous ice sheet discharge have a non‐negligible contribution to the evolution of global ocean heat storage. Further, anthropogenic heat changes are realized more quickly in response to ice sheet discharge than anthropogenic carbon. Our results highlight the need to incorporate both ice sheets actively in climate models to accurately project future global climate.
Could a Low‐Frequency Perturbation in the Earth's Magnetotail Be Generated by the Lunar Wake?
Authors: Nykyri K. , Di Matteo S. , Archer M. O. , Ma X. , Hartinger M. D. , Sarantos M. , Zesta E. , Paterson W. R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBoth ground based magnetometers and ionospheric radars at Earth have frequently detected Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) fluctuations at discrete frequencies extending below one mHz‐range. Many dayside solar wind drivers have been convincingly demonstrated as driver mechanisms. In this paper we investigate and propose an additional, nightside generation mechanism of a low frequency magnetic field fluctuation. We propose that the Moon may excite a magnetic field perturbation of the order of 1 nT at discrete frequencies when it travels through the Earth's magnetotail 4–5 days every month. Our theoretical prediction is supported by a case study of ARTEMIS magnetic field measurements at the lunar orbit in the Earth's magnetotail. ARTEMIS detects statistically significant peaks in magnetic field fluctuation power at frequencies of 0.37–0.47 mHz that are not present in the solar wind.