bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication use evaluation of programmed death-1 inhibitors in a veteran population
Authors: Nguyen Vivianne , Huq Mostaqul 
Published: May 2018

Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of programmed death-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors in a clinical practice setting. Methods Chart reviews were conducted on a total of 21 Veterans with advanced or metastatic cancers treated with programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors between 1 January 2015 and 31 July 2017. Among them, 16 patients were treated with nivolumab, including 12 with non-small cell lung cancer, 2 with melanoma, and 2 with bladder cancer. Pembrolizumab was used in 5 patients, including 4 with melanoma and 1 with head and neck cancer. The clinical outcomes were assessed based on overall disease control rates, objective response rates, median progression free survival, and median overall survival. The safety of programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors was evaluated based on the incidence and the severity of immune-related adverse events as defined by National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0. Results For nivolumab, the overall disease control rate was 63%, including 67% in non-small cell lung cancer and 100% in melanoma patients. The objective response rate was 31%, with partial response 25% and complete response 6%. The overall disease control rate was 100% for pembrolizumab, with objective response rate 100%, partial response 40%, and complete response 60%. The median progression free survival was 4.5 months with nivolumab, with 4.5 months in non-small cell lung cancer and 6 months in melanoma. Nivolumab showed median overall survival of 14 months across all patients and 13 months for non-small cell lung cancer. The median progression free survival and overall survival for pembrolizumab have not yet been reached, but 6-month progression free survival and overall survival rates were 80% and 100%, respectively. With nivolumab, 6-month and 12-month overall survival rates were 81% and 69%, respectively. The rate of overall toxicities (grades 2–4) was 90% for programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors, including 88% with nivolumab and 100% with pembrolizumab. The overall incidences of grade ≥ 3 immune-related adverse events was 24% (n = 5), occurring 25% (n = 4) with nivolumab and 20% (n = 1) with pembrolizumab. The major toxicities were endocrine and gastrointestinal related, occurring 71% and 33%, respectively. Most adverse events were clinically manageable. Conclusion The clinical outcomes and the incidence of adverse events for programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors in our clinic patients are different from the data that have been published. This difference should be further investigated with a large real-world patient population.
Risk of subsidence and peri-prosthetic fractures using collared hydroxyapatite-coated stem for hip arthroplasty in the elderly
Authors: Syed Farhan , Hussein Amr , Katam Krishnaiah , Saunders Paul , Young Stephen K , Faisal Mohammad 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Subsidence has been noted with both cemented and uncemented stems in hip arthroplasty. On most occasions, it’s minimal (i.e. less than 2 mm) and stabilises at 1 year. However, when its progressive and significant, it causes loss of length and horizontal offset, and when symptomatic warrants a revision. Materials and methods: A retrospective radiological review of the patient database was carried out to identify all patients with age ≥ 70 years who underwent elective hip arthroplasty using uncemented HA coated collared stem and had radiographs at 1 year follow up. A total of 176 patients were identified from January 2009 to June 2010. 2 independent investigators classified the proximal femur based on Dorr type and calculated the subsidence based on Engh and Massin method of calculating the distance between the tip of greater trochanter and shoulder of the prosthesis. Results: 7 patients (4 Bs, 2 As, 1 C) had a subsidence of ≥ 2 mm (2–3.2 mm) at 1 year. None of them was symptomatic. 1 of them was secondary to a missed calcar crack and continued to subside for 9 mm before it stabilised on the lesser trochanter at 4 years follow up. There were Dorr 22 (12.5%) type A, 147(83.5%) type B and 7(4%) type C. The mean age was 77.4 years (70–91 years) and male: female ratio was 7:15. 3 patients had an intraoperative calcar crack requiring cabling. All were mobilised full weight-bearing postoperatively, and none had a subsidence of >2 mm at 1 year follow-up. Discussion: Our subgroup analysis identified that subsidence can happen when the collar is “non-functional” and the initial press fit of the stem wasn’t achieved. It can also occur in an event of calcar crack, which is missed intraoperatively. In cases of calcar crack which went on to have to cable during the primary procedure, it neither changed the post-operative rehabilitation nor did it show an increased risk of subsidence. Conclusion: A fully hydroxyapatite (HA) coated collared stem, when used in elderly age group for elective THR, has only 2% risk of intraoperative periprosthetic fracture. There’s a 4% risk of radiologically significant subsidence (i.e. ≥2 mm), however, it has not proven to be clinically significant in our study. Dorr canal type had no bearing on either risk of periprosthetic fracture or subsidence. Collared stems did not have a statistically significant difference in risk of subsidence and peri-prosthetic fracture in comparison to un-collared stem, although there was a non-significant trend in favour of collar use.
Rheumatologists’ knowledge of contraception, teratogens, and pregnancy risks
Authors: Clowse Megan EB , Eudy Amanda M , Revels Jessica , Sanders Gillian D , Criscione-Schreiber Lisa 
Published: May 2018

Introduction Rheumatologists are essential partners in planning and managing pregnancies in women with lupus. Whether they know the essentials of contraceptive and medical treatment in pregnancy, however, is unknown. Method Anonymous in-lecture surveys were completed by 270 rheumatologists to assess knowledge of contraceptive effectiveness, emergency contraception, medication teratogenicity, and lupus pregnancy risk assessment. Results Rheumatologists knew the high effectiveness of the intrauterine device, but over-estimated the effectiveness of injectable medroxyprogesterone and condoms. Almost all identified methotrexate as a teratogen, but only 69% identified cyclophosphamide and 37% mycophenolate. Most rheumatologists knew that lupus activity in pregnancy is the main predictor of pregnancy outcomes, but underestimated the risks of hypertension and race. Conclusion To improve lupus pregnancy planning and management, rheumatologists would benefit from improved knowledge about contraceptive effectiveness, teratogens, and the risks from non-lupus factors for pregnancy complications.
Renal cell carcinoma in a cat with polycystic kidney disease undergoing renal transplantation
Authors: Adams Daniel J , Demchur Jolie A , Aronson Lillian R 
Published: May 2018

Case summary A 10-year-old spayed female American Shorthair cat underwent renal transplantation due to worsening chronic kidney disease secondary to polycystic kidney disease. During transplantation, the right kidney grossly appeared to be more diseased than the left and was firmly adhered to the surrounding tissues. An intraoperative fine-needle aspirate of the right native kidney revealed inflammatory cells but no evidence of neoplasia. To create space for the allograft, a right nephrectomy was performed. Following nephrectomy, the right native kidney was submitted for biopsy. Biopsy results revealed a renal cell carcinoma. Although the cat initially recovered well from surgery, delayed graft function was a concern in the early postoperative period. Significant azotemia persisted and the cat began to have diarrhea. Erythematous skin lesions developed in the perineal and inguinal regions, which were suspected to be secondary to thromboembolic disease based on histopathology. The cat’s clinical status continued to decline with development of signs of sepsis, followed by marked obtundation with uncontrollable seizures. Given the postoperative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and the cat’s progressively declining clinical status, humane euthanasia was elected. Relevance and novel information This case is the first to document renal cell carcinoma in a cat with polycystic kidney disease. An association of the two diseases has been reported in the human literature, but such a link has yet to be described in veterinary medicine. Given the association reported in the human literature, a plausible relationship between polycystic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma in cats merits further investigation.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Youth Club Athletes Toward Sport Specialization and Sport Participation
Authors: Brooks M. Alison , Post Eric G. , Trigsted Stephanie M. , Schaefer Daniel A. , Wichman Daniel M. , Watson Andrew M. , McGuine Timothy A. , Bell David R. 
Published: May 2018

Background: There are a variety of proposed motivations for sport specialization, such as improving sport skills to an elite level, making all-star or travel teams, or receiving a scholarship or professional contract. However, there has not been a quantitative examination of the attitudes and beliefs that may be contributing to the trend of sport specialization and year-round sport participation. Purpose: The primary aim was to describe the attitudes and beliefs of youth club sport athletes regarding sport specialization and sport participation. A secondary objective was to investigate whether an association exists between the level of sport specialization and the belief in receiving a college scholarship. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 974 youth athletes (578 female; mean age, 14.2 ± 1.6 years) completed an anonymous questionnaire that focused on attitudes and beliefs toward sport specialization and sport participation. Questions were developed utilizing the feedback of a panel of content area experts and the University of Wisconsin Survey Center. Data were summarized using frequencies, proportions (%), and means ± SDs. Results: Fewer than half of all athletes (45.8%) believed that specialization increased their chances of getting injured either “quite a bit” or “a great deal.” However, 91% of athletes believed that specialization increased their chances of getting better at their sport either “quite a bit” or “a great deal.” Similarly, the majority of athletes believed that specialization increased their chances of making their high school team (80.9%) or a college team (66.9%) either “quite a bit” or “a great deal.” Overall, 15.7% of athletes believed that they were either “very” or “extremely” likely to receive a college scholarship based on athletic performance. Highly specialized athletes were nearly twice as likely to have a high belief in receiving a college scholarship compared with low-specialization athletes (20.2% vs 10.2%, respectively; χ2 = 18.8; P = .001). Conclusion: Most youth athletes in this study believe that specialization increases their sport performance and ability to make not only a college team but also their high school team. Highly specialized athletes were more likely to believe that they will receive a college scholarship.
Chimeric antigen receptor–modified T cells: CD19 and the road beyond
Authors: Salter Alexander I. , Pont Margot J. , Riddell Stanley R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The ability to harness a patient’s immune system to target malignant cells is now transforming the treatment of many cancers, including hematologic malignancies. The adoptive transfer of T cells selected for tumor reactivity or engineered with natural or synthetic receptors has emerged as an effective modality, even for patients with tumors that are refractory to conventional therapies. The most notable example of adoptive cell therapy is with T cells engineered to express synthetic chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that reprogram their specificity to target CD19. CAR T cells have shown remarkable antitumor activity in patients with refractory B-cell malignancies. Ongoing research is focused on understanding the mechanisms of incomplete tumor elimination, reducing toxicities, preventing antigen escape, and identifying suitable targets and strategies based on established and emerging principles of synthetic biology for extending this approach to other hematologic malignancies. This review will discuss the current status, challenges, and potential future applications of CAR T-cell therapy in hematologic malignancies.
Welfare Analysis of Dynamic Pricing
Authors: Chen Ningyuan , Gallego Guillermo 
Published: May 2018

Dynamic pricing is designed to increase the revenues or profits of firms by adjusting prices in response to changes in the marginal value of capacity. We examine the impact of dynamic pricing on social welfare and consumers’ surplus. We present a dynamic pricing formulation designed to maximize welfare and show that the welfare-maximizing dynamic pricing policy has the same structural properties as the revenue-maximizing policy. For systems with scarce capacity, we show that the revenue-maximizing dynamic pricing policy and the market-clearing price are both asymptotically optimal for welfare. We also find in most cases that revenue-maximizing dynamic pricing improves consumers’ surplus compared to the revenue-maximizing static price. Our findings can potentially transform the public image of dynamic pricing and provide new managerial insights as well as policy implications: (1) in large-scale systems with scarce capacity, a central planner would essentially implement the same pricing policy as a firm with monopoly power; (2) the revenue-maximizing dynamic pricing policy can benefit customers when the demand elasticity is in a small bounded interval as is the case for several important demand functions.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2943 .This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
PROPRIEDADES FUNCIONAIS DA CASCA DO MARACUJÁ AMARELO (PASSIFLORA EDULIS) NA SÍNDROME METABÓLICA
Authors: Claro Maísa De Lima , Péres-Rodrigues Gilmara , Teixeira Sabrina Almondes 
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre o efeito da farinha da casca do maracujá amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) nos distúrbios metabólicos que compõem a síndrome metabólica. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, realizada por meio do levantamento bibliográfico de estudos publicados entre 2005 e 2017, indexados nas bases de dados IBECS, PubMed, CisSaúde, Cochrame, MedCarib, Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, bem como no Google Scholar, bancos de teses e dissertações. Os estudos selecionados avaliaram o efeito do uso da casca do maracujá amarelo (P. edulis) sobre os parâmetros da síndrome metabólica. Os estudos experimentais demonstraram discordâncias quanto ao efeito hipoglicemiante e resultados positivos quanto ao efeito hipotensor. Em pesquisas realizadas com humanos saudáveis, a suplementação com 30 gramas da farinha da casca de P. edulis demonstrou eficiência na redução glicêmica e lipidêmica para LDL e colesterol total, sem toxicidade. Em estudos com portadores de síndrome metabólica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2, os efeitos hipolipemiantes e hipoglicemiantes também foram demonstrados. Entretanto, ainda há escassez de publicações sobre o uso da casca de P. edulis para tratamento de distúrbios metabólicos, sendo necessária padronização metodológica que viabilize sua recomendação na prática clínica.DOI: 10.12957/demetra.2018.28957
Reviews
Authors: Lewis Warren , Tieber Claus , Selbo Jule , Welch Rosanne 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Adaptation Studies and Learning: New Frontiers, Laurence Raw and Tony Gurr (2013) Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 186 pp., ISBN-13: 9780810887930, p/bk, $63.98; ISBN-10: 0810887932
Der Drehbuchautor: USA – Deutschland. Ein historischer Vergleich, Juliane Scholz (2016) Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 412 pp., ISBN: 9783837633740, p/bk 34.99
Great Adaptations: Screenwriting and Global Storytelling, Alexis Krasilovsky (2017) New York and London: Routledge, ISBN: 978-1138949188 380 pp., p/bk, $39.95
William Goldman: Five Screenplays with Essays, William Goldman (1997) Montclair, NJ: Applause Theatre & Cinema Books, 618 pp., ISBN-10: 1557833621, p/bk, $19.93; digital $15.99
Changes in Coronary Plaque Volume: Comparison of Serial Measurements on Intravascular Ultrasound and Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography
Authors: Nakanishi Rine , Alani Anas , Matsumoto Suguru , Li Dong , Fahmy Michael , Abraham Jeby , Dailing Christopher , Broersen Alexander , Kitslaar Pieter H. , Nasir Khurram , Min James K. , Budoff Matthew J. 
Published: May 2018

Serial measurements of coronary plaque volume have been used to evaluate drug efficacy in atherosclerotic progression. However, the usefulness of computed tomography for this purpose is unknown. We investigated whether the change in total plaque volume on coronary computed tomographic angiography is associated with the change in segment plaque volume on intravascular ultrasound.
We prospectively enrolled 11 consecutive patients (mean age, 56.3 ± 5 yr; 6 men) who were to undergo serial invasive coronary angiographic examinations with use of grayscale intravascular ultrasound and coronary computed tomography, performed <180 days apart at baseline and from 1 to 2 years later. Subjects underwent 186 serial measurements of total plaque volume on coronary computed tomography and 22 of segmental plaque volume on intravascular ultrasound. We used semiautomated software to examine percentage relationships and changes between total plaque and segmental plaque volumes.
No significant correlations were found between percentages of total coronary and segment coronary plaque volume, nor between normalized coronary plaque volume. However, in the per-patient analysis, there were strong correlations between the imaging methods for changes in total coronary and segment coronary plaque volume (r=0.62; P=0.04), as well as normalized plaque volume (r=0.82; P=0.002).
Per-patient change in plaque volume on coronary computed tomography is significantly associated with that on intravascular ultrasound. Computed tomographic angiography may be safer and more widely available than intravascular ultrasound for evaluating atherosclerotic progression in coronary arteries. Larger studies are warranted.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance to Evaluate Percutaneous Pulmonary Valve Implantation in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Gonzalez de Alba Cesar , Molina Berganza Fernando , Brownlee John , Khan Muhammad , Adebo Dilachew 
Published: May 2018

Experience with cardiac magnetic resonance to evaluate coronary arteries in children and young adult patients is limited. Because noninvasive imaging has advantages over coronary angiography, we compared the effectiveness of these techniques in patients who were being considered for percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation.
We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 26 patients (mean age, 12.53 ± 4.85 yr; range, 5–25 yr), all of whom had previous right ventricular-to-pulmonary artery homografts. We studied T2-prepared whole-heart images for coronary anatomy, velocity-encoded cine images for ventricular morphology, and function- and time-resolved magnetic resonance angiographic findings. Cardiac catheterization studies included coronary angiography, balloon compression testing, right ventricular outflow tract, and pulmonary artery anatomy.
Diagnostic-quality images were obtained in 24 patients (92%), 13 of whom were considered suitable candidates for valve implantation. Two patients (8%) had abnormal coronary artery anatomy that placed them at high risk of coronary artery compression during surgery. Twelve patients underwent successful valve implantation after cardiac magnetic resonance images and catheterization showed no increased risk of compression. We attempted valve implantation in one patient with unsuitable anatomy but ultimately placed a stent in the homograft.
Magnetic resonance imaging of coronary arteries is an important noninvasive study that may identify patients who are at high risk of coronary artery compression during percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation, and it may reveal high-risk anatomic variants that can be missed during cardiac catheterization.
Semi-automatic generation of a virtual representation of a production cell
Authors: Thongnuch Suthida , Fay Alexander , Drath Rainer 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Nowadays there are commercial tools and academic solutions that support and contribute to Virtual Commissioning (VC). However, the main obstacle which hinders the broader application of VC in practice is the modeling time and effort required to create a proper simulation model. The modeling is also separated from the current project development lifecycle. This paper presents a semi-automatic method to transform the 3D geometry model of a production cell into a simulation-enabled virtual representation (i. e., a high fidelity simulation model of the cell). The geometry is combined with dynamic behavior which is a behavior description modeled intuitively based on VDI 2860. The entire method is embedded into a virtual commissioning workflow and is exemplified by a production cell with conveyors. Several commercial modeling and simulation tools are used and combined in the workflow to demonstrate the applicability. The presented methodology bases on AutomationML.
Obtaining as-built models of manufacturing plants from point clouds
Authors: Meidow Jochen , Usländer Thomas , Schulz Karsten 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The capability to adapt a manufacturing plant to changing requirements gains increasing importance in industrial production environments, e. g., triggered by Industrie 4.0 scenarios. A virtual as-built model of a manufacturing plant and its surrounding factory building provides important decision support and relevant information for digital twins, e. g., to trace assets and asset types across their whole lifetime, planning of renovations, plant and machine topology changes, or the simulation-based analysis of production processes. Based on point clouds obtained by terrestrial laser scanning or photogrammetric acquisition, reverse engineering can be applied to extract and to reconstruct relevant objects in a form suitable for CAD programs. In this article, we review approaches to capture a scene by point measurements and to reconstruct the geometry of its components given specific object models. This comprises the discussion of various representation schemes for objects and their relations, strategies for object recognition, and the explication of methods for model instantiation. Furthermore, depending on the requirements for specific tasks, we identify technology gaps and specify the degree of maturity of the related techniques.
Teaching the Mandarin utterance-final particlelethrough authentic materials
Authors: Su Danjie , Tao Hongyin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Mandarin utterance-final particleleis among the most difficult and elusive grammatical features that learners of Chinese often encounter, owing to its rich interactional pragmatic functions and the lack of a counterpart in many first languages. In this article, we use media clips to illustrate a beginning-level language teaching unit for this feature. We show that authentic materials can be used to address pedagogical issues with some of the most difficult grammatical phenomena in Chinese and that this can be accomplished via material design, classroom activities, and assessment methods – all at the beginning level. (All relevant video clips used in this article can be found from this website:http://clicresearch.rice.edu/caslar-authentic-spoken-language/#le)