bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Immunologic Reactivity in Hemoblastosis. Circulating Antibody Formation as a Response to Antigenic Stimulus in Leukemia, Malignant Lymphoma, Myeloma and Myelofibrosis
Authors: LIBÁNSKY J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
If we summarize our observations, we see that the capacity for antibody formation as a response to Brucella endotoxin stimulation is well preserved especially in acute leukemia, chronic myelosis, and in myelofibrosis. It is significantly decreased only in chronic lymphadenosis. A decrease, but lacking statistical significance, was further observed in reticulosarcoma and lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin’s disease, and myeloma, i.e., in affections in which the RES is mainly involved.
The very frequent infectious complications affecting patients with acute leukemia cannot in most cases be ascribed to deficient capacity to form antibodies, as often erroneously claimed, but rather to other factors which will be dealt with elsewhere. In contrast to this, in chronic lymphadenosis the frequent infectious complications are very probably due to impaired antibody formation together with relatively frequent hypogammaglobulinemia.
Chemotherapy, corticoid and x-ray treatment in the usual clinical doses doses were not found to inhibit antibody formation as a response to an antigenic stimulus.
Even changes in the leukocyte count—leukocytosis, neutropenia or lymphopenia—did not seem to inhibit the capacity for antibody formation to Brucella endotoxin.
In 2 patients with idiopathic chronic agranulocytosis, who were examined for comparison, we found a strikingly high titer of circulating antibodies to the Brucella endotoxin. It is suggested that, in chronic agranulocytosis, the capacity for circulating antibody formation may be enhanced to compensate for the decrease in the number of polymorphonuclears.
Intraerythrocytic Hemoglobin Crystals in Sickle Cell-Hemoglobin C Disease
Authors: DIGGS L. W. , BELL ANN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
On 70 per cent of the blood smears from 60 cases of electrophoretically proven sickle cell-hemoglobin C disease, there is observed a misshapen erythrocyte that contains condensed hemoglobin crystals which are dark-hued, homogeneous and elongated and which have parallel sides with one end terminating in a pyramid or rounded shape. A red blood corpuscle may have multiple protuberances at varying angles to each other. The incidence of intracellular hemoglobin crystals was found to be 0-24 per 1000 red blood cells with an average of 3.2/1000. Recognition of this unusual morphology is presumptive evidence of sickle cell-hemoglobin C and warrants examination by electrophoretic procedures.
Granulocyte Reserve Following Radiation Therapy as Studied by the Response to a Bacterial Endotoxin
Authors: HELLMAN SAMUEL , FINK MARTIN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The granulocyte response to an intravenous injection of Pyrexal, a highly purified bacterial endotoxin was used as an assay of the marrow granulocyte reserve in patients who had received radiation therapy for various types of neoplasms. The response to the endotoxin was correlated with the amount of marrow irradiated. Only those patients with large volumes of marrow irradiated had abnormal responses to Pyrexal. No patient receiving radiation therapy to the head and neck, or thorax, or pelvis alone, regardless of dose, developed an abnormal response to Pyrexal. Early changes in the marrow granulocyte reserve were also studied in patients before, during and after radiation therapy.
Defective Globin Synthesis in Hypochromic Hypersideremic Anemia (α-Thalassemia?)
Authors: HELLER PAUL , VAN STONE JOHN , APPLE DAVID , COLEMAN RICHARD D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The clinical, hematologic and biochemical findings in a patient with hereditary hypochromic hypersideremic anemia are described. The pattern of heme and globin production, measured by glycine-2-C14 incorporation, suggests an abnormality of globin synthesis.
2. The hypothesis that this disorder might represent a variant of thalassemia, probably α-thalassemia, is discussed.
3. The partial therapeutic response to pyridoxine is considered to be due to pharmacodynamic stimulation of heme synthesis. The hemoglobin level was not restored to normal, probably because of the limited capacity for globin synthesis.
4. It is suggested that kinetic studies of hemoglobin synthesis may aid in the classification of hereditary hypochromic hypersideremic anemias.
Patterns of Granulocyte Kinetics in Health, Infection and in Carcinoma
Authors: GALBRAITH PETER R. , VALBERG LESLIE S. , BROWN MALCOLM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Leukokinetic studies were performed using granulocytes labeled in vitro with radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP32). The half-time of the granulocytes in the circulation, blood granulocyte mass and granulocyte turnover rates were determined.
In control subjects the mean half-life was 6.44 hours with a range of 5.1 to 7.7 hours. The mean blood granulocyte mass was 38 x 109 cells with a range of 19.9 to 36.4 x 109 cells and the granulocyte turnover rate was 4.08 x 109 cells per hour with a range of 2.51 to 5.50 x 109 cells per hour. There was a direct relationship between the half-life and the blood granulocyte mass in the control subjects.
In 6 subjects with infection the blood granulocyte mass was uniformly increased. The mean half-life and mean granulocyte turnover rate were both increased above the normal range.
In 11 subjects with carcinoma several different leukokinetic patterns were found. The blood granulocyte mass was raised in 5 patients, but in only one of these was the granulocyte turnover rate increased above the normal range. In 6 subjects the blood granulocyte mass was within the normal range and deviations from the mean control value were accompanied by proportionate changes in the granulocyte turnover rate in all but 1 patient.
No relation was found between the half-life and the blood granulocyte mass in subjects with infection and/or carcinoma. The possibility that this was due to the establishment of a new steady state of blood granulocyte mass at altered levels of granulocyte production, or that steady state conditions did not exist has been considered. However the data are interpreted no evidence for suppressed granulopoiesis was found in subjects with advanced malignant disease.
The Development of a Myeloma-Like Condition in Mink with Aleutian Disease
Authors: PORTER DAVID D. , DIXON FRANK J. , LARSEN AUSTIN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aleutian disease of mink, apparently of viral etiology, is characterized by an extreme diffuse proliferation of plasma cells, and a marked hypergammaglobulinemia, which is electrophoretically heterogeneous. In some mink with this disease serially followed by serum protein electrophoresis, a transition to a homogeneous myeloma-like hypergammaglobulinemia, together with the appearance of Bence Jones proteinuria, was observed late in their course. Thus, this viral disease shows plasma cell proliferation beginning as a multiclonal hyperplasia which may terminate as a monoclonal, possibly neoplastic overgrowth of the plasma cell system.
Steroid Hormone Metabolism in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: GALLAGHER T. F. , HELLMAN LEON , ZUMOFF BARNETT , MILLER DANIEL G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Individual metabolites of steroid hormones were isolated and measured from the urine of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The results were compared with earlier studies of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia, men with prostatic cancer, women with breast cancer and normal men and women. The metabolites of hydrocortisone were in the normal range for the patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia but the amount of tetrahydrocortisol was generally greater than that of tetrahydrocortisone. There was no evidence for a sex difference in the production of these metabolites. The tentative conclusion was drawn that metabolites of the "adrenal androgens" were also in the normal range in chronic myelogenous leukemia. These results contrast with those in chronic lymphatic leukemia patients where a sex difference in production of hydrocortisone was evident and the metabolites of "adrenal androgens" were at low levels in both sexes.
Origin of Pulmonary Megakaryocytes
Authors: KAUFMAN RICHARD M. , AIRO ROMANO , POLLACK SIMEON , CROSBY WILLIAM H. , DOBERNECK RAYMOND 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Evidence is presented which indicates that pulmonary megakaryocytes do not originate in the lungs but elsewhere in the body and are carried to the lungs in the venous blood.
2. Some megakaryocytes in the lungs evidently deliver platelets to the blood.
3. Surgery is a potent stimulus to megakaryocyte production; the numbers of megakaryocytes found in the lung postoperatively is significantly increased.
The in Vitro Synthesis of Hemoglobin by Human Bone Marrow in Thalassemia
Authors: NECHELES THOMAS F. , STEINER MANFRED , BALDINI MARIO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A technic has been described for the in vitro measurement of hemoglobin synthesis by human bone marrow. The rate of synthesis of individual hemoglobins may be investigated in this system.
2. This technic has been used to measure the rate of synthesis of hemoglobin from patients with both thalassemia trait and thalassemia major. Hemoglobin A synthesis was found to be reduced in both, and to a greater extent in thalassemia major. An apparent increase in the rate of synthesis of hemoglobin F was also noted.
Studies of Plasma Fe59 Disappearance—A Manifestation of Ineffective Erythropoiesis and of Hemolysis
Authors: GEVIRTZ NORMAN R. , WASSERMAN LOUIS R. , SHARNEY LENA , TENDLER DINA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Studies of the plasma radioiron disappearance data have revealed a relative "elevation" of plasma radioactivity after the second day in normal subjects, and after the first day in patients with hemolytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia and thalassemia. This elevation in plasma radioactivity in normal subjects may be interpreted as due to the return to plasma of radioiron from those cells that are "ineffectively" produced and are hemolyzed in the marrow. Other interpretations are also presented.
2. Dyspoieses involving ineffective red cell economy, but not detectably affecting iron economy are contrasted with disorders involving ineffective utilization of iron and of pigment alone.
3. After the first day plasma radioiron activity shows a diurnal variation similar to the diurnal variation in plasma iron concentration.
Studies on Schmauch Bodies. I. The Incidence in Normal Cats (Felis Domestica) and the Morphologic Relationship to Heinz Bodies
Authors: Sirec Anica , Sondić Marija , BERITIĆ TIHOMIL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Inclusions in the erythrocytes of normal cats, called Schmauch bodies, have been demonstrated by means of phase contrast microscopy and supravital staining. A very wide range of their incidence, but no correlation with the age of animals has been noted. By their identical staining reactions and common morphologic characteristics Schmauch and Heinz bodies are quite similar, although they might be produced by quite different mechanisms.
Diurnal Variation of Proliferative Activity in the Human Bone Marrow
Authors: MAUER ALVIN M. , Fisher Virginia , Scheib Ruth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A study was made of the possible diurnal variation of proliferative activity of human bone marrow cells. A distinct diurnal variation of mitotic indices was present in 5 of 6 normal subjects. The average number of mitotic figures per 1000 nucleated cells in the 6 subjects was 7.6 at 6:00 a.m., 9.5 at noon, 10.5 at 6:00 p.m., and 13.1 at midnight. An assessment of diurnal variation in the per cent of cells synthesizing deoxyribonucleic acid was made in 4 additional subjects by means of incubation of aspirated marrow samples with tritiated thymidine in vitro. By this method, no consistent variation of synthesis could be found in erythroid precursor cells, but the per cent of myeloid precursor cells incorporating the label was lowest at midnight in each subject.
The Removal of in Vitro Damaged Erythrocytes from the Circulation of Normal and Splenectomized Rats
Authors: ULTMANN JOHN E. , GORDON CLARA S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The in vitro alterations and in vivo fate of erythrocytes treated with N-ethylmaleimide or subjected to prolonged incubation were studied in normal and splenectomized rats. Minimal injury (20 µM NEM/ml. RBC) resulted in red cells with decreased osmotic fragility and increased plasticity; however, mechanical fragility was significantly increased. These cells were removed with a half-time of 78 minutes, mainly by splenic sequestration, and splenectomy prolonged their life span. Incubation at 37 C. for 21 hours produced erythrocytes with increased osmotic and mechanical fragility and decreased plasticity. Erythrocyte clearance was more rapid (T½ = 59 minutes), with spleen and liver removing approximately an equal number of cells and splenectomy having little effect on red cell life span. With severe injury (40 µM NEM/ml. RBC), all three in vitro measurements showed marked alterations, red cell removal was rapid (T½ = 35 minutes), mainly by hepatic sequestration, and clearance was unaffected by splenectomy.
The present studies have shown that chemical injury or prolonged incubation lead to profound changes in in vitro tests of red cell integrity, the mechanical fragility predicting most closely the subsequent in vivo events. Although the entire reticuloendothelial system appears to participate in red cell removal, the spleen and liver are the major sites of sequestration in the rat. The splenic removal predominates with minimally injured cells, hepatic removal with moderately and severely altered cells. The type of injury appears to be of less significance than the degree of injury of the red cells.
Experimental Production of Cold Agglutinins in Rabbits
Authors: COSTEA NICOLAS , YAKULIS VINCENT , HELLER PAUL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The kinetics, serologic and immunochemical characteristics of cold agglutinins (CA) produced in rabbits by the intravenous injection of HKLM serotype 4b have been studied.
The cold agglutinin was a γM-immunoglobulin. It agglutinated autologous, allogeneic and human erythrocytes at 4 C. In the presence of complement the CA was hemolytic in vitro and in vivo. The relevance of these observations to concepts of autoimmunity is discussed.
Brief Report: Observations on Conjugated and Unconjugated Blood Folate Levels in Megaloblastic Anemia and the Effects of Vitamin B12
Authors: JEEJEEBHOY K. N. , PATHARE S. M. , NORONHA J. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with a rise in unconjugated folates and marked depletion of intracellular conjugated folates. The changes could be reversed by giving vitamin B12. These results probably indicate a way by which vitamin B12 and folic acid are interrelated at the cellular level.
Alkaline Phosphatase in Neutrophil Leukocytes of Patients with Infectious Mononucleosis and the Effect of Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: ŠRÁMKOVÁ LUDMILA , KOUBA KAREL , BENDOVÁ NADĚŽDA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A marked increase in the activity of the neutrophil alkaline phosphate enzyme (NLAPA) was observed in bacterial tonsillitis whereas in infectious mononucleosis the amount of enzyme in the leucocytes was either decreased or normal. NLAPA of patients with tonsillitis decreased in proportion to the receding disease; in infectious mononucleosis the enzyme increased during convalescence. In 16 of 20 patients with infectious mononucleosis, NLAPA increased after corticotherapy. The value of the enzyme in patients with infectious mononucleosis was much higher after superinfections caused by a different infective agent than after corticotherapy. The studies demonstrate the value of NLAPA examinations in the early diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, carried out during the acute febrile state and especially during the first days of the illness when all other laboratory examinations may still give negative results.
The Mitotic Activity of Circulating Atypical Mononuclear Cells in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: CARTER R. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An investigation has been made into the mitotic and premitotic activity of the circulating atypical mononuclear cells which occur in infectious mononucleosis. Dividing and binucleate cells were found in 2.4 per cent of blood films and in 63.9 per cent of white cell concentrates. The number of cells in mitosis was small and they were most commonly encountered during the first three weeks of the disease; cells in prophase and metaphase predominated. The incidence of dividing cells in white cell concentrates was increased by a preliminary period of incubation with colchicine. The uptake of 3H-thymidine was shown to be increased during the first four weeks of the disease, with peak labeling in the second and third weeks; in one autoradiograph, 5.4 per cent labeling was observed. The label was confined to the nuclei of certain atypical mononuclear cells, most of which showed rather marked cytoplasmic basophilia. Karyotype analyses were consistently normal. The occurrence of similar large mononuclear cells, capable of taking up 3H-thymidine, in other pathological conditions and in normal subjects is stressed. Their origin, function and potentialities are ill-understood at the present time.
Two further autoradiographic studies21,22 dealing with the mitotic activity of atypical mononuclear cells in infectious mononucleosis have recently appeared, both of which record increased DNA synthesis. Epstein and Brecher21 observed peak labeling during the first two weeks of the disease; most of the labeled cells showed enhanced cytoplasmic basophilia. No variation in labeling at different phases of the disease was found by Schmid et al.,22 who, unlike previous workers, characterize the labeled cells in some detail as plasmacytoid, monocytoid and lymphocytoid elements.
Chromosomal Aberrations in Acute Leukemia
Authors: KIOSSOGLOU KOSMAS A. , MITUS W. J. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chromosome studies in acute leukemia were performed in 53 adults and 12 children (two with Down’s syndrome). Abnormalities were encountered in 36 (55.4 per cent) of the cases studied. Normal patterns were found in 29 cases (44.6 per cent). The chromosomal changes varied from patient to patient and consisted of both numerical and structural aberrations. The series involved were, in decreasing order, C, G, D and E, although all chromosomes (autosome and sex) were affected. No correlations of the chromosomal abnormalities with any clinical or hematologic features could be made. In the "blast crisis" of chronic granulocytic leukemia, in addition in Ph 1 chromosome which was present in all cases, other chromosomal anomalies were found in some of these patients.
The presence of normal as well as abnormal chromosomal patterns in acute leukemia, with the great diversity of anomalies in the latter group, suggests that acute leukemia may not be a single entity but comprise instead a variety of morphologic responses to various kinds of etiologic agents.
The Effect of Orally Administered Bovine Spleen Preparations on Platelet and Leukocyte Counts of Rats
Authors: PLUNKET DANIEL C. , CROSBY WILLIAM H. , RUIZ FERDINAND , HUSER HANS-JÜRG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Several orally administered beef spleen preparations were evaluated for their effect on platelet and leukocyte counts of rats. In some studies, cow spleen exerted a definite though variable count lowering activity. Further studies yielded less dramatic or negative results. Pooled beef spleen, whole or crudely fractionated, had no demonstrable effect on the blood counts.
Other variables, including temperature, feeding methods, seasonal factors, and animal housing did not appear significant.
No consistent, predictable effect of beef spleen feedings could be demonstrated under the various conditions tested.
Lipid Storage Disease
Authors: THOMPSON IAN L. , MOLONEY WILLIAM C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this report a sixth case of a storage disorder of unknown etiology is described and other reported cases are discussed. No hereditary or significant etiologic factors were noted in these patients. The disease is characterized by a benign course, splenomegaly and in some cases thrombocytopenia. A lipid containing histiocyte with unique blue staining granular cytoplasm is present in bone marrow and splenic smears, and biochemically the storage material consists largely of sphingomyelin.
Brief Report: Use of Phytohemagglutinin to Stimulate Hematopoiesis in Humans
Authors: HAYES DONALD M. , SPURR CHARLES L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
PHA therapy was administered to three patients with bone marrow suppression, two with "idiopathic aplastic anemia" and one with myelofibrosis. One patient with aplastic anemia showed increased marrow erythroid activity; the others had no response. Review of the available data on PHA therapy suggests that states of marrow depression related to known etiologies may respond more readily than idiopathic states. Further studies are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn as to the true efficacy of this agent.
Lactic Dehydrogenase of Human Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemic Leukocytes
Authors: BOTTOMLEY RICHARD H. , LOCKE S. J. , INGRAM H. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Lactic dehydrogenase was quantitated and its isozyme pattern studied in the leukocytes of 10 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. There was a wide range of LDH activity, although all isozyme patterns by starch-gel electrophoresis showed greatest activity in the No. III isozyme band. Comparison of the rate of migration of the leukemic leukocyte LDH with LDH from normal leukocytes and erythrocytes showed no difference in migration rate, suggesting that the LDH of chronic lymphocytic leukemic leukocytes does not differ in electrical charge from LDH of normal leukocytes.
Further Studies on a "New" Human Isoprecipitin System (Australia Antigen)
Authors: ALTER H. J. , BLUMBERG B. S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Additional information on a new human isoprecipitin system, directed against Australia antigen, has been given. The antibody defining this system is an IgG(7S) gamma globulin. Staining and ultracentrifugation suggest that Australia antigen contains small amounts of lipid, but is not identical with typical low or high density lipoprotein.
Experience with an Extended Methemoglobin Reduction Test
Authors: ROBIN HELEN , HARLEY J. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Experiments have been designed to elucidate the varying degrees of destruction of intact hemoglobin (methemoglobin plus oxyhemoglobin) observed on application of the methemoglobin reduction test to normal and abnormal subjects. Surprisingly, the degree of intact hemoglobin destruction was found to vary directly with the rates of methemoglobin reduction, particularly via the pentose phosphate pathway in the presence of methylene blue, and inversely with cell age. In addition, confirmation was obtained of increased susceptibility to destruction of intact hemoglobin in subjects with such congenital or acquired defects of hemoglobin stability as might result from hemoglobin H, acute lead poisoning, or prior exposure to aromatic drugs.
Further evidence was presented that accumulation of methemoglobin militates against intact hemoglobin destruction. It was suggested that the methemoglobin content of samples of blood after application of the methemoglobin reduction test should be assessed in relation to the simultaneous changes in the intact hemoglobin concentrations of the incubation mixtures.