bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to COPD hospitalisations from 2010 to 2015: Variation among rural and metropolitan Australians
Authors: Terry Daniel R. , Nguyen Hoang , Kim Jeong‐Ah , Islam Md Rafiqul 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionRural and remote populations experience the greatest burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the fifth leading cause of death in Australia. Currently there is a need to prioritise health services to improve health outcomes among those at higher risk of COPD.ObjectivesTo investigate the differences in COPD hospitalisation between rural and urban populations and determine predictive factors contributing to COPD hospitalisation.MethodsStatewide hospitalisation data from 2010 to 2015 were obtained through the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and other key data sets. The rates of hospitalisation were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression to examine the association between COPD hospitalisations and a number of predictor variables.ResultsThe highest COPD incidence occurred in metropolitan males aged 85 years of age and older (35.092 hospitalisations per 1000 population). Among metropolitan residents, smoking, population density and household income had a significant association with COPD hospitalisations for both sexes. Among rural males, smoking rates, household income and rural land use (farming) were significant predictors of COPD hospitalisations. There was an overall stability in statewide COPD hospitalisation over the 5 years to 2015, P = 0.420.ConclusionThis investigation highlights many rural and regional areas have much lower COPD hospitalisation rates than metropolitan areas. Between males and females, there are heterogenetic factors that contribute to the significant variation associated with COPD hospitalisation in metropolitan and rural areas, such as rural land use among rural males. This indicates that risk factor assessments, beyond smoking alone, need to be individualised and prioritised in practice to optimise care.
Estimation of Interstitial Velocity Using a Direct Drive High‐Resolution Passive Profiler
Authors: Schneider Haley A. , Jackson W. Andrew , Rainwater Ken , Reible Danny , Morse Stephen , Hatzinger Paul B. , Garza‐Rubalcava Uriel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe fate and transport of groundwater contaminants depends partially on groundwater velocity, which can vary appreciably in highly stratified aquifers. A high‐resolution passive profiler (HRPP) was developed to evaluate groundwater velocity, contaminant concentrations, and microbial community structure at ∼20 cm vertical depth resolution in shallow heterogeneous aquifers. The objective of this study was to use mass transfer of bromide (Br−), a conservative tracer released from cells in the HRPP, to estimate interstitial velocity. Laboratory experiments were conducted to empirically relate velocity and the mass transfer coefficient of Br− based on the relative loss of Br− from HRPP cells. Laboratory‐scale HRPPs were deployed in flow boxes containing saturated soils with differing porosities, and the mass transfer coefficient of Br− was measured at multiple interstitial velocities (0 to 100 cm/day). A two‐dimensional (2D) quasi‐steady‐state model was used to relate velocity to mass transfer of Br− for a range of soil porosities (0.2–0.5). The laboratory data indicate that the mass transfer coefficient of Br−, which was directly—but non‐linearly—related to velocity, can be determined with a single 3‐week deployment of the HRPP. The mass transfer coefficient was relatively unaffected by sampler orientation, length of deployment time, or porosity. The model closely simulated the experimental results. The data suggest that the HRPP will be applicable for estimating groundwater velocity ranging from 1 to 100 cm/day in the field at a minimum depth resolution of 10 cm, depending on sampler design.
Newborn screening for haemophilia: The views of families and adults living with haemophilia in the UK
Authors: Boardman Felicity K. , Hale Rachel , Young Philip J. 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionAs genomic sequencing become more efficient and cost‐effective, the number of conditions identified through newborn screening globally is set to dramatically increase. Haemophilia is a candidate condition; however, very little is known about the attitudes of the haemophilia community towards screening.AimThis study aimed to outline the perspectives of adults with haemophilia and their families towards newborn screening.MethodsA paper and online survey on screening were distributed to every family known to the Haemophilia Society UK. Data collection occurred between January and June 2018. In total, 327 participants completed the survey: 76% were a relative of a person with haemophilia and 24% had haemophilia themselves; 83% were living with haemophilia A and 17% with haemophilia B.ResultsThe vast majority supported newborn screening (77%) and preferred it to other forms of screening (preconception or prenatal). Participants supported newborn screening primarily because they viewed it as a means to facilitate early support and treatment, facilitate informed decisions about future pregnancies and prevent the “diagnostic odyssey.” The 23% who did not support the screen did not associate these particular benefits with newborn screening.ConclusionHaemophilia emerged from this analysis as a condition that the vast majority of participants considered a “liveable” disability and one best suited to newborn screening programmes that could improve support to affected families rather than reduce the birth rate of affected children.
Demonstrating the feasibility of collecting secondary, de‐identified data on Australian patients receiving treatment as part of a Medicine Access Programme
Authors: Lok Sheau W. , De Boer Richard , Cordwell Cassandra , Marx Gavin , Fox Peter , Hasovits Csilla , Rutovitz Joseph , Harold Michael , Tran Ben , Wong Hui‐Li , Gibbs Peter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn Australia, data generated from the carefully selected, treated and monitored patients enrolled in clinical trials largely inform routine care and funding approvals. Medicine Access Programmes (MAP) enable drug access and while potentially a rich source of data, historically have not collected data beyond a participant list.AimsTo explore the feasibility of using MAP to identify patient populations for inclusion in non‐interventional studies.MethodsClinicians affiliated with the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute engaged with Roche to implement PeRSIA, a secondary data use non‐interventional study of patients receiving neoadjuvant pertuzumab for non‐metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. The study utilised a pre‐existing Roche‐sponsored MAP to identify clinicians as data contributors. Data security, ownership and reporting issues were addressed utilising the BioGrid platform and standards developed for existing Walter and Eliza Hall Institute registries. Disease experts developed project‐specific Case Report Forms documenting treatment, surgical and cancer‐specific outcomes, and adverse events.ResultsTo date, 12 of 16 (75%) clinicians approached to participate in PeRSIA are contributing de‐identified data. From February through September 2018, data on 41 patients from seven centres were collected. Median patient age is 56 years (range 36–81), 36 (88%) had Stage 2 to 3 disease and 27 (66%) were node positive. The median number of cycles of neoadjuvant pertuzumab planned was 4.ConclusionsThis initial report is, to our knowledge, the first description of a secondary data use non‐interventional study collecting comprehensive data on patients enrolled, independently, in a MAP. This effort continues and opportunities with other industry partners are being pursued.
Ineffectiveness of information and access to health services: vulnerability to human papillomavirus
Authors: Carvalho M.C.M.P. , Queiroz A.B.A. , Ferreira M.A. , Moura M.A.V. , Pinto C.B. , Vieira B.D.G. 
Published: February 2019

AimTo examine situations of vulnerability to human papillomavirus in the social representations of young women.BackgroundHuman papillomavirus is one of the most frequent sexually transmitted infections among women and constitutes a serious health problem among youth. This problem is embedded in psychosocial issues that promote situations of vulnerability and affect attitudes and behaviour in relation to prevention.MethodsQualitative study based on the theory of social representations, conducted among 64 female students in a high school in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study used personal semi‐structured interviews, with a lexical analysis by Alceste 2010 software.FindingsThe inefficacy of information on the human papillomavirus pointed out individual and social vulnerabilities, and showed relationships between the difficulty of access and the perception of low quality in public health services, which also promotes institutional vulnerability.DiscussionThe representation of vulnerability to human papillomavirus infection is associated, not only with individual behaviours related to sexuality and gender identity but also to social and institutional conditions involving insufficient information and low quality of and ineffective access to public health services.ConclusionSituations of vulnerability of young women to human papillomavirus infection influence ways of thinking and acting, when they generate feelings and behaviours that put them at risk. The social representations provided knowledge about how the participants appropriated consensual and reified universes in relation to vulnerability, influencing care and awareness of prevention.Implication for nursing and health policySituations of vulnerability, whether individual, social or institutional, warrant the attention of nurses and should be prioritized as public health policy goals to reduce the number of cases of human papillomavirus infection among younger women.
Transcutaneous bilirubin levels of newborn infants performed abdominal massage: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gözen Duygu , Yılmaz Özge Eda , Dur Şadiye , Çağlayan Sabiha , Taştekin Ayhan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study was designed as a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of abdominal massage on bilirubin levels of newborn infants.Design and MethodsThe sample group consisted of 90 newborn infants (experimental group: 44; control group: 46) who were followed in a university hospital after birth between March and August 2017. The data were collected using an Information Form, Observation Form, and Transcutaneous Bilirubin Level Meter. Bilirubin levels were measured 1 hr after the first breastfeeding in both groups. The abdominal massage was performed for 5 min in each session, was continued in three sessions per day; was completed in totally six sessions for 2 days in infants in the experimental group. The second bilirubin measurements were repeated at the 48th hour after the birth and bilirubin levels were compared in two groups. The Student t test was used to evaluate the normally distributed data and the Mann–Whitney
U test was used to carry out statistics in nonnormal distribution of quantitative data.ResultsThe bilirubin levels of the groups (experimental group: 1.06 ± 0.92; control group: 1.01 ± 0.98) were statistically similar before abdominal massage, t(88) = 0.25,
p = 0.803. The difference of the bilirubin levels was compared in the groups before and after abdominal massage. The increase of bilirubin levels in the experimental group (1.96 ± 1.69 mg/dl) was statistically significantly lower compared with the control group (2.80 ± 2.30 mg/dl),
t(88) = −1.974,
p = 0.048.Practice ImplicationsAbdominal massage is effective to reduce bilirubin levels of newborn infants.
“Getting my Independence Back”: Economic solvency program ideas from residents of a women’s shelter
Authors: Gilroy Heidi , Nava Angeles , Ellis Pamela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health issue that affects many women all over the world. One of the most consistent risk factors for IPV is poverty. On the other hand, IPV is also a risk factor for continued poverty, which puts many women in a cycle of violence and poverty that is difficult to escape. Interventions are needed to help women improve their economic solvency and decrease their poverty‐based risk for IPV.DesignThe current study is a qualitative study to examine how women who have experienced IPV would plan and execute an intervention to improve economic solvency.SampleThe participants were 21 diverse women living in a women's shelter.ResultsThe major themes that came from the women's suggestions were as follows: addressing mental health, accountability, financial management classes, job skills and education, and other resources.ConclusionImplications of this study include the need for more comprehensive programs, a general desire amongst the women for mentoring and accountability, and the need to address knowledge deficits about resources. This information can help resource providers to help build interventions to improve economic solvency in women who have experienced IPV and improve their overall safety.
The pharmacokinetics of porcine C‐peptide after intraperitoneal injection
Authors: Iizuka Naho , Nishimura Masuhiro , Fujita Yasutaka , Sawamoto Osamu , Matsumoto Shinichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we have demonstrated that there were very low C‐Peptide concentrations and normal blood glucose levels when we transplanted encapsulated islets in the abdominal cavity of diabetic nude mice. In addition, the C‐peptide concentration in the ascites fluid of the peritoneal cavity was 40 times higher than in the peripheral blood. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal porcine C‐peptide.MethodsTo assess the pharmacokinetics of porcine C‐peptide, a synthesized porcine C‐peptide solution was injected into the peripheral circulation through the tail vein or into the peritoneal cavity in rats at low or high doses of either 200 or 2000 pmol/kg, respectively. Arterial blood samples were collected at time intervals of 1‐120 minutes after injection to calculate the terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2) and area under the time‐concentration curve (AUC0‐t).ResultsAfter intraperitoneal C‐peptide injection, the highest porcine C‐peptide concentration in peripheral blood was only one‐fortieth compared to after intravenous injection. The AUC0‐t for the intraperitoneal injection was 78% at the low dose and only 39% at the high dose compared to the intravenous injection. This finding indicates that C‐peptide remains in the abdominal cavity when intraperitoneally transplanted islets release C‐peptide via high glucose stimulation.ConclusionsPorcine C‐peptide injected into a peritoneal cavity slowly and incompletely entered peripheral circulation, which resulted in very low concentration in peripheral blood.
Updating quality indicators for low-risk labour care in Japan using current clinical practice guidelines: a modified Delphi method
Authors: Ueda Kayo , Kaso Misato , Ohtera Shosuke , Nakayama Takeo 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesQuality indicators are measurable elements widely used to assess the quality of care. They are often developed from the results of systematic reviews or clinical practice guidelines. These sources are regularly updated in line with new clinical evidence, but there are few articles on updating quality indicators based on clinical practice guidelines. This study aimed to update the quality indicators developed for low-risk labour care in Japan in 2012, mainly drawing on new or updated clinical practice guidelines, and making the process clearly visible and assessable.Design and settingWe used a modified Delphi method for the update. The procedure included four steps: (1) updating the definition of low-risk labour; (2) reviewing the literature published between June 2012 and December 2015 using five guidelines and two quality indicator databases to extract potential candidate indicators; (3) formation of a multidisciplinary panel including mothers and (4) panel ratings (two rounds between February and April 2016) on the validity of the candidate indicators, and judging the validity of the previous quality indicators drawing on the new evidence.ParticipantsA multidisciplinary panel of 13 clinicians, including obstetricians, paediatricians and midwives, plus 3 non-clinician mothers.ResultsThe literature review identified 276 new recommendations from 27 clinical practice guidelines including 2 published in Japan and 21 quality indicators. We developed 13 new candidate indicators from these sources and panel recommendations, 12 of which were approved by the multidisciplinary panel. The panel also accepted all 23 existing quality indicators as still valid, resulting in a total of 35 quality indicators for low-risk labour.ConclusionsWe successfully updated the quality indicators for low-risk labour care in Japan. The procedure developed may be useful for updating other quality indicators based on new clinical practice guidelines.
Occupational exposure to inorganic particles during pregnancy and birth outcomes: a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Norlén Filip , Gustavsson Per , Wiebert Pernilla , Rylander Lars , Albin Maria , Westgren Magnus , Plato Nils , Selander Jenny 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate if occupational exposure to inorganic particles or welding fumes during pregnancy is associated with negative birth outcomes.DesignA prospective national cohort study.SettingAll single births from 1994 to 2012 in Sweden. Information on birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, smoking habits, nationality, age, occupation, absence from work and education was obtained from nationwide registers. Exposure to inorganic particles (mg/m3) was assessed from a job exposure matrix.ParticipantsThis study included all single births by occupationally active mothers (995 843).Outcome measuresAssociations between occupational exposures and negative birth outcomes in the form of low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age.ResultsMothers who had high exposure to inorganic particles and had less than 50 days (median) of absence from work during pregnancy showed an increased risk of preterm birth (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.30), low birth weight (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.48) as well as small for gestational age (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.39). The increased risks were driven by exposure to iron particles. No increased risks were found in association with exposure to stone and concrete particles. High exposure to welding fumes was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45) and preterm birth (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.42).ConclusionsThe results indicate that pregnant women should not be exposed to high levels of iron particles or welding fumes.
Effects of resistance training and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older women with reduced muscle mass: protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Osuka Yosuke , Kojima Narumi , Wakaba Kyohsuke , Miyauchi Daiji , Tanaka Kiyoji , Kim Hunkyung 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionResistance training (RT) and nutritional supplementation seem to have beneficial effects on muscle properties and physical performance in older adults. However, the reported effects of specific RT programmes and supplementation prescriptions vary among studies. The present study aims to examine the acute and residual effects of RT and/or beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance in older women with reduced muscle mass.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Older women fitting the eligibility criteria were recruited in February 2018 from a population-based sample identified via screening conducted in October 2017. In March 2018, 156 participants were randomly allocated to undergo one of four interventions (RT + HMB, RT + placebo, education + HMB and education + placebo) for 12 weeks. Supervised RT consisted of body weight, elastic band, ankle weight and machine-based exercises two times per week at the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology (TMIG). Each participant ingested HMB (1200 mg) or placebo supplements once daily. Sessions of education not associated with sarcopenia treatment were conducted every 2 weeks. Post-intervention follow-up will be conducted for 12 weeks, until September 2018. The study includes assessments conducted in March (baseline), June (post-intervention) and September 2018 (follow-up). The primary outcome is the longitudinal change in muscle mass. Secondary outcomes include the longitudinal changes in muscle strength, physical performance, muscle thickness, muscle quality, blood counts, blood biochemistry, calf circumference, skin viscoelasticity, habitual dietary intake, habitual physical activity levels, functional capacity and health-related quality of life. Intention-to-treat analyses will be conducted.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the TMIG, Japan. The study is being conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The findings will be presented at international academic congresses and published in peer-reviewed international journals.Trial registration numberUMIN000028560; Post-results.
Prevalence of clOpidogrel ‘resIstaNce’ in a selected population of patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention at a tertiary cardiovascular centre in Trinidad: the POINT pilot study
Authors: Seecheran Naveen Anand , Maharaj Aarti , Boodhai Brent , Seecheran Rajeev , Seecheran Valmiki , Persad Sangeeta , Ramsaroop Koomatie , Sandy Sherry , Giddings Stanley , Sakhamuri Sateesh , Ali Ronan , Motilal Shastri , Teelucksingh Surujpal , Tello-Montoliu Antonio 
Published: February 2019

Objectives This novel, pilot study aimed to assess the estimated prevalence of high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) in Trinidad and Tobago.MethodsPatients (n=40) who were awaiting elective percutaneous coronary intervention on maintenance dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin 81 mg daily and clopidogrel 75 mg or loaded at least 48 hours prior were recruited. Platelet reactivity with the VerifyNow P2Y12 assay (Accriva Diagnostics, San Diego, California, USA) was assessed prior to cardiac catheterisation.Results60.7% (17/28) of the South Asian (Indo-Trinidadians) patients had HPR, whereas 14.3% (1/7) of Africans and 40% (2/5) of mixed ethnicity had HPR. There was a significant association between HPR (P2Y12 reaction units >208) and ethnicity with South Asians (Indo-Trinidadians) (OR 5.4; 95% CI 1.18 to 24.66, p=0.029).ConclusionsThis pilot study serves to introduce the preliminary observation that the estimated prevalence of HPR is considerably higher within the heterogeneous population in Trinidad at 50% as compared with predominantly Caucasian studies. Furthermore, the HPR is significantly higher in South Asians (Indo-Trinidadians) (>60% of patients) which has severe clinical repercussions considering the cardiovascular disease pandemic. Clopidogrel may not be a satisfactory or optimal antiplatelet agent in this subgroup, and therefore, another more potent antiplatelet such as ticagrelor should be used instead. Further large-scale studies are imperative to confirm these findings. (Funded by the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine; POINT ClinicalTrials.gov number,NCT03667066.)