bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electric Spark Discharges in Water: Light Leptonic Magnetic Monopoles and Catalysis of Ordinary Beta Decays in an Extended Standard Model
Authors: Stumpf Harald , Wolf Karlheinz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The topic of this article is “research of accidents induced by supersonic electric spark discharges in water”. Experiments referring to such accidents were published by Urutskoev et al. in 2000 and Urutskoev in 2004. According to Urutskoev these spark discharges should be accompanied by the emission of a new kind of particles, namely leptonic magnetic monopoles, predicted by Lochak in 1985. Later, Lochak considered these monopoles as excited neutrinos. Both Lochak and Urutskoev supposed that these particles can influence weak decays and nuclear transmutations and that by catalysis the monopole effect can be amplified, leading to macroscopic effects, i.e. accidents. Spark discharges in water are connected with CP-symmetry-breaking, forcing the introduction of an extended standard model described in previous papers. There also, a mechanism of the catalytic effect was discussed, which is further studied in this article. For the selected unstable nuclear element

Mn

25
51

${}_{25}^{51}\text{Mn}$

, the effect is demonstrated and numerically evaluated. A simple non-relativistic nuclear state description is applied for these low-energy processes. The extension of these calculations to other unstable nuclei requires higher calculational effort and is not done in this paper. However, the extraordinarily strong catalytic power of the monopoles revealed by the numerical calculation of the above example suggests looking for macroscopic effects of monopoles as an explanation for accidents, for instance, the catastrophe of Chernobyl, which has been the origin of monopole research. A short review of the corresponding experimental observations connected with this accident is also given in this article.
Algunas precisiones en torno al alcance de las consecuencias económicas, sociales y demográficas del cultivo de la patata en la Galicia de finales del Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Sobrado Correa Hortensio 
Published: December 2018

Entre los objetivos de este trabajo está hacer algunas precisiones acerca de la periodización de la introducción y progresión del cultivo de la patata en la Galicia de la Edad Moderna, prestando atención a los factores desencadenantes de su expansión, así como al papel jugado en la difusión de la nueva planta por la iniciativa campesina frente al fomento institucional. Igualmente, se pretende precisar el alcance de las consecuencias económicas, sociales y demográficas que desde finales del siglo XVIII y a lo largo de la primera mitad del XIX tuvo la implantación de las patatas en el sistema agrario gallego, a fin de aquilatar el verdadero protagonismo que dicho tubérculo de origen americano adquirió en territorio gallego.
Knygotyrininkas Nojus Feigelmanas (1918–2002)
Authors: Mozūras Dovydas 
Published: December 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
Nojus Feigelmanas is a bibliographer and a librarian known for his significant contribution to the history of Lithuanian culture. Consistent and targeted book-related activities pursued by Feigelmanas throughout his life-span have earned him the status of a bookscientist. He was born in Panevėžys on 8 February, 1918. During the period of 1931-1936 he studied in the private Panevėžys Jewish Gymnasium. In 1936-1940 he studied geodesy at Vytautas Magnus University, but failed to complete his studies as he was called up to the army when World War II was launched. In 1959, N. Feigelmanas graduated the Faculty of History and Philology at Vilnius University. In 1950-1990, he worked at the Vilnius University Library: having started career as a bibliographer, he became Head of the Rare Print Department and retained this position for more than three decades. Later in life, in 1990, he moved to Israel and died there on 7 September, 2002, in the city of Ashkelon. The printed catalogues compiled by N. Feigelman are as follows: “The Old Lithuanian Book at Vilnius University” (1959), “The Incunabula of Lithuania” (1975), “The paleotypes of Vilnius University Library” (2003, posthumously, co-authored). He has also published three dozen scientific articles, organized scientific exhibitions, cultural programs on television, etc.
The article aims at disclosing N. Feigelmanas’s path toward book science and his contribution to the development of Lithuanian book science. It also identifies the key factors that have shaped his personality, the choice of the librarian’s profession which ignited his interest in book study, and analyses the directories compiled by N. Feigelmanas and the scientific articles. The conclusion has been drawn that during his long life, from the very young days, when he first read Torah at school, visited book fairs and exhibitions as a gymnasium student, throughout his career at the scientific Vytautas Magnus University Library and small military libraries, to the end of his life, even after he emigrated to Israel – the book remained his lifelong companion.
Lietuvos pirmosios nepriklausomybės laikų knygrišys Zigmas Malašauskas
Authors: Taukinaitytė-Narbutienė Rūta 
Published: December 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
Zigmas Malašauskas is a little known interwar period bookbinder who lived and worked in Kaunas in the 1930s. After collecting and evaluating archival sources and publications, his extraordinary ambitions and active public educational activities with the purpose to promote his profession, the need and understanding of artistic bindings, to raise the level of craft and the qualification of his colleagues bookbinders were revealed. His lively articles in the press were dedicated both to the general public (a consumer) and masters of bookbindery. Also, letters to some public authorities and public organizations that deal with various, often naive but reasoned requests or proposals, reveal the real intention to seek the attention, co-operation and support of the state, and to prove the importance of this kind of art.
Although his efforts did not received response and were not acomplished, his articles probably influenced the development of the book lovers community of that time. And most important, since he was the only one that has been writing so much on bookbindery, he left many reliable data (verified by other sources too) for a nowadays researcher about bookbindery and its problems, masters and prices, stastistics and estimations, working methods, learning resources, acquired knowledge, skills and tools.
The research did not lead to identification of any books bound by this bookbinder. Still there are left many unknown biographical facts, therefore it is expected that this article will encourage or facilitate further research of this person’s life and work, to discover and identify his bindings.
Martyno Liudviko Rėzos lietuviška biblija (1816) – evangelikų liuteronų ir Moravijos bažnyčių solidarumo liudijimas
Authors: Strungytė-Liugienė Inga 
Published: December 2018

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
The copy of Lithuanian Bible printed in Heinrich Degen’s publishing house in Königsberg in 1816 (sign.: BS 17.0/1) has been found in the Unity Archives – Moravian Archives Herrnhut (Herrnhuter Unitätsarchive). This copy was not recorded in the national bibliography of Lithuanian books and did not play a role in the circulation of scholarly knowledge. Christian Friedrich Cunow, the preacher of the Moravian Church and the leader of Brethren Society (Brüdersozietät) of Königsberg, left a donation note in this copy (in the fore title) with the comment that he donates the copy of Lithuanian Bible printed Königsberg to the library of the Unity of the Brethren (Brüder-Unität). This note encouraged [the author of this article] to gather more information about the above person and provided an impetus to find out more about his relationship with the Königsberg Bible Society officially established in 1810. It was found that Cunow was the member of the Society, along with clergymen of traditional Evangelical Lutheran Church – Ludwig Martin Rhesa (1776–1840), Ludwig Ernst Borowski (1740–1831), Samuel Gottlieb Wald (1762–1825) and Carl August Wilhelm Werner (1763–1846). As a member of the Society, he had the following responsibilities: to communicate with the British Bible Society, provide reports to them, take care of support for the publication of Lithuanian Bible and its distribution in Prussian Lithuania. Perhaps the most intriguing fact left unnoticed and not highlighted in the historiography was that not only the members of the traditional Evangelical Lutheran Church, but also the follower of the Moravian Movement contributed to the efforts in publishing and distributing the Lithuanian Bible. Cunow’s involvement in the Königsberg Bible Society is considered as a sign of solidarity between the two denominations in Prussian Lithuania in the first half of the 19th century.
A note about the deterministic property of characteristic functions
Authors: Norvidas Saulius 
Published: December 2018

We study an extension property for characteristic functions f : Rn → C of probability measures. More precisely, let f be the characteristic function of a probability density φ on Rn, and let Uσ = {x ∈ Rn: mink|xk| > σ}, σ > 0, be a neighborhood of infinity. We say that f has the σ-deterministic property if for any other characteristic function g such that f = g on Uσ, it follows that f ≡ g. A sufficient condition on f to has the σ-deterministic property is given. We also discuss the question about how precise our sufficient condition is? These results show that the σ-deterministic property of f depends on an arithmetic structure of the support of φ.
Global Health Education for Pediatric Residents: Trends, Training Experiences, and Career Choices
Authors: Pak-Gorstein Suzinne , Frintner Mary Pat , O’Callahan Cliff , Spector Jonathan , St Clair Nicole E. , Howard Cindy , Anspacher Melanie 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Knowledge and skills related to global child health are increasingly recognized as important to the practice of pediatrics. However, little is known about the status and trends in global health (GH) education in US pediatric residency programs. Our aim was to measure trends in residents’ exposure to GH training, their GH education assessments, and GH career plans.

METHODS:
We analyzed GH-focused questions from national American Academy of Pediatrics surveys of graduating residents in 2008 and 2016. Logistic regression was used to estimate changes over time by using derived predicted values.

RESULTS:
A total of 1100 graduating pediatric residents participated; response rates were 58.8% for 2008 and 56.0% for 2016. The percentage of residents reporting that their programs offered GH training grew from 59.1% in 2008 to 73.1% in 2016 (P &lt; .001). The majority were somewhat likely, very likely, or definitely planning to work or volunteer in a low- or middle-income country after their residency (predicted value of 70.3% in 2008 and 69.4% in 2016; P = .76). Fourteen percent of respondents reported having completed an international elective in 2016; of those, 36.5% did not receive formal preparation before the experience, and 24.3% did not participate in debriefing sessions on return. Overall, 27.3% of respondents in 2016 reported excellent (8.8%) or very good (18.5%) GH training.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although a substantial percentage of pediatric residents participate in international electives and plan to include GH activities in their careers, gaps remain, including suboptimal preparation and debriefing for GH electives.
Exploring relationships between problem gambling, scratch card gambling, and individual differences in thinking style
Authors: Stange Madison , Walker Alexander C. , Koehler Derek J. , Fugelsang Jonathan A. , Dixon Mike J. 
Published: December 2018

Background and aimsScratch cards are a popular form of lottery gambling available in many jurisdictions. However, there is a paucity of research that examines associations between individual differences in thinking style, participation in scratch card gambling, and problem gambling severity.MethodsIn three studies, we sought to examine the relationships among these variables in large, online samples of participants. Participants completed the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI), the Actively Open-Minded Thinking Scale, and self-reported their frequency of scratch card gambling.ResultsThroughout all three studies, specific associations were reliably established. Specifically, negative associations were observed between participants’ CRT and PGSI scores, as well as between participants’ CRT scores and scratch card gambling frequency. In addition, we found a positive association between problem gambling severity and scratch card gambling frequency. Finally, problem gambling severity was shown to correlate positively with participants’ willingness to pay for irrelevant information in a scratch card gambling scenario.Discussion and conclusionsOverall, we observed that problem gambling severity is associated with an individuals’ thinking style and scratch card gambling behavior. This study adds to the existing literature examining problem gambling, and highlights the role of thinking style in understanding gambling behavior and problematic gambling.
Two-dimensional modeling of organic field effect transistors
Authors: Li T. , Ruden P. P. , Campbell I. H. , Smith D. L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe present device simulations for p-channel organic field effect transistors. The current conservation equation and Poisson's equation are solved self-consistently in two dimensions in the drift-diffusion approximation. We focus on modeling transistor structures consisting of a gate electrode, a silicon dioxide gate insulator, and a pentacene or a conjugated polymer layer as the active (channel) material. The source and drain contacts are taken to be deposited directly on the gate insulator (bottom contact structure). We examine the effects associated with differences in charge carrier injection for different source and drain contact materials. It is also shown that, if the organic material immediately adjacent to the contacts has poor conduction properties, ‘parasitic’ source and drain series resistances that depend on the contact/organic injection barrier height as well as the channel material mobility can result.
Charge transport in disordered organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Tanase Cristina , Blom Paul W.M. , Meijer Eduard J. , Leeuw Dago M. de 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe transport properties of poly(2,5-thienylene vinylene) (PTV) field-effect transistors (FET) have been investigated as a function of temperature under controlled atmosphere. In a disordered semiconductor as PTV the charge carrier mobility, dominated by hopping between localized states, is dependent on the charge carrier density. The transfer characteristics of PTV FET have been modeled considering the distribution of charge carriers and mobility over the accumulation channel. Good agreement with the experimental data is obtained.
Simulation Study on Geometric and Electronic Structure of Photovoltaic Molecules
Authors: Mizuseki H. , Igarashi N. , Majumder C. , Belosludov R. V. , Farajian A. A. , Wang J.-T. , Chen H. , Kawazoe Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe investigate the geometric and electronic structure of porphyrin-fullerene based supramolecular system in which have an extremely long-lived charge-separated state have been achieved, using first principle calculations. The results suggest that the LUMO state of this supramolecule is localized on the fullerene and HOMO state is localized on the porphyrin moiety.
Pentacene Thin Film Transistors and Circuits: Influence of Processing and Device Design
Authors: Knipp D. , Street R. A. , Krusor B. , HO J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe influence of different dielectrics on the structural and electronic properties of pentacene films and TFTs is discussed. The pentacene films were thermally evaporated on inorganic dielectrics compatible with flexible substrates. A strong correlation between morphology and structural properties of the pentacene films and the mobility of the TFTs was observed for all the dielectrics studied. In the case of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PECVD) silicon nitride and silicon oxide dielectrics the growth of pentacene is mainly determined by the roughness of the dielectric. The roughness inhibits the ordering of pentacene molecules on the surface. However, by optimizing the fabrication process of the dielectrics, we have achieved similar pentacene mobilities on PECVD dielectrics and thermal oxide (0.4 cm2/Vs), without employing self-assembled monolayers like octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). An OTS treatment of oxide based dielectrics leads to an increase of the mobility by a factor of 2-3 up to >1cm2/Vs for thermal oxide. Pentacene films on inorganic dielectrics exhibit mobilities from of 0.2-1.2 cm2/Vs and high on/off ratios between 107 and 108.
A Nanocomposite Gel Electrolyte Made by the Sol-Gel Route for a Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical and Electrochromic Cells
Authors: Orel Boris , Štangar Urska Lavreněiě , Šurca Vuk Angela , Lianos Panagiotis , Colomban Philippe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis work describes the properties of an organic-inorganic hybrid gel with an incorporated I-/I3-redox couple that serves as a solid electrolyte for a dye-sensitized TiO2 photoelectrochemical (DSPEC) cell with an efficiency of 4% [1]. The influence of the AcOH on the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of the gels was studied with the help of infrared spectroscopy, while the presence and the formation of the I3 - species were established from the UV-visible spectra of the gels and independently evaluated from the confocal micro-resonance Raman spectra of the electrolyte encapsulated in the DSPEC during open- and short-circuit conditions. Finally, the same gel electrolyte was used for the construction of an electrochromic (EC) window without a counter electrode with intercalation properties (transmission and reflective configuration).
Spin-Dependent Recombination in PPV and Polyfluorene LEDs
Authors: Dhoot Anoop S. , Greenham Neil C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn a polymer light-emitting diode, the fraction of excitons formed as singlets is of crucial importance in determining the quantum efficiency. We have shown that it is possible to measure excited state absorptions due to triplet excitons and polarons in working polymer LEDs, and we are able to quantify the triplet generation rate by measuring the strength of the triplet absorption. Here, we show that by careful study of singlet emission and triplet absorption in an LED based on a poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivative we can obtain an accurate value of 83±7% for the singlet formation probability, significantly higher than the value of 25% predicted by simple spin statistics. We extend these measurements to devices based on poly(dioctyl-fluorene), where we find similarly high values for the singlet formation probability. In devices using the polyfluorene copolymer F8BT, we find that the triplet absorption is extremely small, consistent with even higher singlet formation probabilities.
Performance of Injection-Limited Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes
Authors: Blom Paul W.M. , Woudenbergh Teunis van , Huiberts Hans 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe electro-optical characteristics of a polymer light emitting diode (PLED) with a strongly reduced hole injection have been investigated. The device consists of a poly-p-phenylene vinylene semiconductor with a Ag hole injecting contact, which has an injection barrier of about 1 eV. It is observed that the light and current density of such an injection-limited PLED strongly exceed the expected device characteristics. Numerical calculations of the injection-limited PLED show that the enhanced performance can be explained by a very high electric field at the hole injecting contact, due to trapped electrons.
Novel Materials for Second Harmonic Generation - Salts of L-Valine and Selenic Acid
Authors: Němec Ivan , Gyepes Robert , Miěka Zdeněk , Trojánek František 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe X-ray structural analysis of di-L-valine selenate monohydrate has been carried out (P21, a=6.181(2), b=18.675(3), c=15.342(4)Å β=90.14(2)°, V=1770.8(7) Å3, Z=4, R=0.0532 for 3057 observed reflections). The crystal structure is formed by selenate anions, L-valinium cations and water molecules (in the ratio of 1:2:1) interconnected by a system of hydrogen bonds. The FTIR (298-90 K temperature range) and FT Raman spectra were recorded and interpreted. DSC measurements were carried out in the temperature range 95-363 K. Quantitative SHG measurements of di-L-valine selenate monohydrate and tri-L-valine selenate were carried out on powdered samples.
Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer in Photocrosslinkable Dendrimers
Authors: Furumi Seiichi , Otomo Akira , Yokoyama Shiyoshi , Mashiko Shinro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis report describes the synthesis of photocrosslinkable dendrimers with peripheral cinnamamide residues, which exhibit both photoisomerization and photodimerization, and their photochemical and photophysical properties in dilute solutions and polymer matrices. Photoirradiation with 313 nm gave rise to monotonous decrease in the absorbance of trans-cinnamamide at 270 nm as a result of the photochemical reactions of the cinnamamide residues. Spectral analysis revealed the changes in the photoproduct distribution of trans- and cis-photoisomerized and photodimerized cinnamamide groups to be a function of the exposure energy. In dilute solutions, the first-generation dendrimer displayed preferential formation of cis-isomer of the cinnamamide, whereas the photodimerization took place more favorably for the third- and fifth-generation dendrimers. The photochemical behavior was strongly dependent on the dendrimer generation rather than the concentration, probably due to the extent of steric crowding among the cinnamamide residues at terminal positions. Furthermore, the third- and fifth-generation dendrimers showed capturability of a benzophenone derivative into the macromolecules and triplet-triplet energy transfer in the photocrosslinkable dendrimers. This novel phenomenon of the triplet-triplet energy transfer in the dendritic cavities suggests potential applicability to design and fabricate novel optical and electrical molecular devices.
Synthesis of core–shell soap-free emulsion and evaluation of its performance in oil-well cement
Authors: Peng Zhi-gang , Wu Jia-rong , Feng Qian , Zhang Jian , Zhang Bo-jian 
Published: December 2018

A soap-free latex (XY-5) was prepared by means of a soap-free emulsion free-radical polymerisation method, using the synthetic polymer P (BA/AANa) as an emulsifier and butyl acrylate (BA), styrene and methyl methacrylate as monomers. The stability, thermal stability and microstructure of the XY-5 emulsion were studied using various methods, including viscosity analysis, zeta potential measurement, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The emulsion was found to have high stability and good heat resistance, with the latex particles exhibiting a typical core–shell structure. Its performance as an oil-well cement was also evaluated. The results showed that the XY-5–cement slurry has good temperature resistance, salt resistance, low water loss and low permeability. Furthermore, the use of XY-5 effectively improved the cementation strength. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the XY-5 latex forms a three-dimensional network structure inside the cement, with cement particles linked together by latex particles. The comprehensive performance of XY-5 latex was found to be much better than the THD-815 latex on the market.