bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of inflammatory marker levels in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Popov E. A. , Polunina E. A. , Voronina L. P. , Polunina O. S. , Belyakova I. S. 
Published: November 2018

Aim.To analyze the levels of fractalkine, neopterin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) depending on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stage of the disease.Material and methods.We examined 340 people (280 patients with CHF) divided into groups depending on LVEF and stage of the disease (stage I-III). The control group consisted of 60 somatically healthy individuals. Levels of neopterin, fractalkine and CRP were indicated with the use of enzymoimmunoassay.Results.Compared with the control group, patients with CHF, regardless of LVEF and the stage of the disease, had hyperproduction of neopterin, fractalkine and CRP. We indicated correlations between the level of neopterin, fractalkine, CRP and Rating Scale of Clinical State (RSCS) scores, as well as with the results of 6-minute walk distance. Compared with patients with CHF IIA, patients with CHF IIB-III and preserved LVEF, had a decrease in levels of fractalkine, neopterin and CRP.Conclusion.Changes in levels of neopterin, fractalkine and CRP were detected in patients with CHF and preserved and reduced LVEF. More significant tendency to hyperproduction was noted in patients with reduced LVEF in the group of patients with CHF IIB-III.
Cardiovascular risk profile in patients with arterial hypertension who first seek medical attention
Authors: Nebieridze D. V. , Kamyshova T. V. , Sarycheva A. A. , Safaryan A. S. 
Published: November 2018

Aim.Objective assessment of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in patients with arterial hypertension (AH), who first contact with primary care setting.Material and methods. 300 patients (age 40-65 years) with sustained increase in arterial pressure and first seek medical attention were included in the study. All patients underwent medical examination, history taking to identify risk factors, blood pressure measurement and anthropometric research, biochemical blood assay to estimate levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, glucose. Based on the specified parameters, the risk was determined by SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation). After the risk assessment, all patients underwent an echo-cardiography, duplex ultrasonography screening of the brachiocephalic arteries and determination of microalbuminuria to detect target organ damage. According to results of a complex survey, the risk was reclassified based on the presence of target organ damage.Results.The study showed that patients with sustained AH who first seek medical attention have a large number of risk factors and their combinations, among which the most common are dyslipidemia (89,3%), smoking (37,7%) and obesity (28,3%). Patients with AH who first seek medical attention without clinical signs of atherosclerosis often have various disorders of target organs, such as left ventricular hypertrophy — 67,3%, thickening of carotid intima-media complex — 46,3%, atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries — 34,7%, microalbuminuria — 25,3%, as well as different combinations thereof. After a complex examination, the CVR profile of patients changes increases. According to SCORE 60% of patients with low and mean risk is reclassified to high risk.Conclusion.One of the most important tasks of health care system in Russia is to increase the efficiency of the CVR stratification systems, as well as to develop a new standards of examination of patients with AH on an outpatient stage, in order to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Композиционная теория эмоций: к пониманию моральных эмоций и любви
Authors: Бреслав Гершон Моисеевич 
Published: November 2018

В современной психологии эмоций представляется актуальным не только сбор и анализ конкретных эмпирических данных, но и попытки их теоретического осмыcления, которыми изобиловала психология ХХ в. Хотя ни одна из теорий не объясняет всего обилия накопленных фактов, это не означает, что их создание оказалось бесполезным для понимания богатства эмоциональной жизни человека. Одна из попыток интеграции этих теорий была представлена в композиционной теории эмоций (Бреслав, 1976, 1977а, 1984). В данной работе эта теория впервые используется для объяснения моральных эмоций стыда и вины, а также для понимания механизма становления и неустойчивости партнерской любви. Предложена схема основных элементов композиции стыда и вины, которая позволяет более ясно увидеть сходство и различие этих эмоций. В частности, к сходным элементам относится наличие проступка в их предметном содержании и понимание его негативной оценки другими людьми. Однако, если в случае стыда главным агентом стимуляции оказывается очевидец проступка, то в случае вины – жертва. Если в первом случае фокусом оценки является личность агента проступка, то во втором – сам проступок и его последствия для жертвы проступка. Если переживания стыда направляют человека, прежде всего, на защиту своего Я, то вина – на возмещение ущерба жертве. Проведенный композиционный анализ позволяет лучше понять условия позитивного и негативного развития чувства любви. Так, рассматривается встраивание этого чувства в наличную систему отношений, потребностей и привычек личности влюбленного. На определенном этапе оно может занимать центральное, доминирующее положение в иерархии отношений личности. Однако процесс этот чреват многочисленными нестыковками и конфликтами, которые могут препятствовать достижению любовью ведущего положения в иерархии отношений личности. Неудача в этом процессе приводит к постепенному ослаблению этого чувства и трансформации валентности предмета любви. В свою очередь, сохранение этого чувства требует ежедневных усилий со стороны любящих.
Интеллект якутов и этнических русских в Якутии
Authors: Шибаев Владимир  Сергеевич , Линн Ричард 
Published: November 2018

В данной статье сообщается об исследовании интеллекта якутов и этнических русских в Якутии. Тестировались выборки из Якутска, столицы Якутии, в которой проживает почти треть населения региона, и из Вилюйска, города с населением примерно 10 600 человек, расположенного в 592 км к северо-западу от Якутска. Выборка из Якутска состояла из 52 этнических русских и 128 этнических якутов, учащихся типичных средних школ. Средний возраст в данной выборке был 12 лет. Выборка из Вилюйска состояла из 7 этнических русских и 236 этнических якутов, учащихся типичных средних школ. Средний возраст в данной выборке был 12,7 года. Выборки тестировались в ноябре 2015 г. с помощью Стандартных прогрессивных матриц плюс Равена. Тестирование проводилось первым автором, с временным ограничением в 1 час. IQ респондентов оценивался относительно норм британской стандартизации 2008 г. Основные результаты состояли в следующем. Во-первых, среднее взвешенное значение IQ двух выборок русских относительно британских норм составило 101,7. Однако, так как обе выборки были из городов, действительный IQ русских в Якутии будет, вероятно, примерно на 3-5 баллов IQ ниже этого значения. Во-вторых, IQ якутов был на 1,8 IQ балла ниже, чем у русских, но эта разница незначима (t = 0,76). Результаты, таким образом, говорят о том, что якуты и русские в Якутии имеют примерно одинаковый IQ.
Complications of radical cystectomy for bladder cancer
Authors: Gurram Maliikarjuna , G. Ravichander , Jahagidar Ravi , Reddy Vinay 
Published: November 2018

Background: Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection is the standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. With the advent of improved surgical techniques and postoperative management, the complications and mortality rates have reduced. The present study was done to analyse the perioperative, early and late compilations following radical cystectomy for bladder tumor.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of patients who underwent radical cystectomy for invasive bladder tumor from February 2016 to November 2017. Radical cystectomy was done through midline transperitoneal approach. Urinary diversion was done by ileal conduit. All patients were followed at 6th week, 3rd month, 6th month, and at 1 year.Results: Total 21 patients underwent radical cystectomy, 17(80.95%) were males and 4 (19.04%) females. The median age was 60 years, ranging from 40 to 73 years. The most common age group was 60 to 75 years (52.3%). Thirteen (61.9%) patients were smokers and all were males. Painless haematuria alone was most common presentation (of bladder tumor) seen in 15 (71.4%) patients. Early complications were seen in 8 (38.09%) patients, most common early complication was urinary leak 2 (9.5%) patents, other early complications were bowel leak, wound dehiscence, pelvic collection, burst abdomen, prolonged ileus, subacute intestinal obstruction, acute kidney injury and sepsis seen in one (4.25%) patient each. Late complications were seen in 4 (19.04%) patients. Pelvic recurrence was the most common late complication seen in 2 (9.55%) patients. Ureteric stricture was seen in one patient (4.75%) for which percutaneous nephrostomy and antegrade DJ stenting was done. Among the histopathological variants of tumor 20 (95.25%) patients had high grade variants and only one (4.75%) had low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Among the high grade variants most common pathology was urothelial carcinoma in 17 (80.9%) patients.Conclusions: Radical cystectomy remains the main stay of treatment in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. This is relatively safe procedure with minimal morbidity and mortality.
O desafio da profissão de professor no Brasil: análise avaliativa da linguagem em um artigo de opinião
Authors: Schmidt Ana Paula Carvalho , Cecchin Anidene Siqueira , Chagas Nédilã Espindola , Cabral Sara Regina Scotta 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma análise da avaliação na linguagem de um artigo de opinião acerca do desafio de ser professor no Brasil, veiculado na mídia em novembro de 2017, a fim de promover uma discussão reflexiva sobre o assunto. Para isso, recorremos ao sistema de avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005). Primeiramente, realizamos a análise contextual do artigo de opinião, tomando por base as variáveis de registro (campo, relações e modo) do texto e identificamos quais tipos de avaliações são a partir das escolhas linguísticas do autor. A seguir, descrevemos os resultados de nossa análise a partir das avaliações de atitude (apreciação e julgamento de capacidade) e gradação (intensificação e quantificação), mostradas no texto em relação à profissão docente. Os resultados evidenciaram uma organização do texto conduzida por questionamentos, o uso de apreciações e de julgamento de estima social para, respectivamente, a qualificação e a avaliação do professor, bem como o uso de gradações de intensificação para reforçar a opinião do autor.
Interpretation of Fracturing Pressures
Authors: Nolte Kenneth G. , Smith Michael B. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a basis for interpreting fracture treating pressures which permits identification of periods of confined-height extension, uncontrolled height growth, and more importantly, a critical pressure. When a treatment reaches the critical pressure, fracture extension is significantly reduced, and a pressure (or screen-out) condition or undesired fracture height can follow. Example applications for data from five treatments are presented along with potential explanations for, and implications of, the critical pressure.

INTRODUCTION
This paper will be limited to the discussion of hydraulically created fractures that are in the vertical plane. In addition, if these fractures are desired to be deeply penetrating, they must have confined or limited height growth.
There are two fundamentally different concepts for the propagation of a constant-height vertical-fracture which lead to very different results. One concept1 is that the fracture width is constant across the height of the fracture. This requires the assumption that the formation bed being fractured is independent of the beds above and below - that is, the beds can slip freely of one another at their boundaries. This assumption leads to the conclusion that the fluid pressure required to extend the fracture decreases with time.
The other concept, presented by Perkins and Kern, 2 assumes that there is no, or negligible, slip of boundaries along the horizontal planes which confine the fracture height. This assumption leads to the conclusion that the fluid pressure required to extend the fracture increases with time.
Bioelectricity generation from air-cathode microbial fuel cell connected to constructed wetland
Authors: Yan Dengming , Song Xinshan , Weng Baisha , Yu Zhilei , Bi Wuxia , Wang Junfeng 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the different performance of bioelectricity generation and wastewater treatment between constructed wetland (CW) respectively coupled with air-cathode microbial fuel cell (ACMFC) and microbial fuel cell (MFC) under a fed-batch mode. During a 75-day-operation, the voltage of CW-ACMFC and CW-MFC ranged from 0.36 to 0.52 V and from −0.04 to 0.07 V, indicating that the bioenergy output of CW-ACMFC was significantly higher than that of CW-MFC system. In addition, the maximum of power density of CW-ACMFC and CW-MFC was 4.21 and 0.005 mW m−2. Notably, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N removal efficiency of CW-ACMFC was slightly higher than that in CW-MFC, which resulted from a higher voltage accelerating the transport of electron donors and the growth of microorganisms and plants. This study possesses a probability of using ACMFC coupled with CW to enhance the pollutant removal performance in CW system.
Proteome Mining for the Identification of Putative Drug Targets For Human Pathogen Clostridium Tetani
Authors: Munir Anum , Malik Shaukat Iqbal , Malik Khalid Akhtar 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Clostridium tetani are rod-like, anaerobic types of pathogenic bacteria of
the genus Clostridium. It is Gram-positive in nature and appears as a tennis racket or drumsticks
on staining with the dye. Tetanus is a neuromuscular disease wherein the Clostridium tetani
exotoxin produces muscle fits in the host. Tetanus is the second leading cause of worldwide deaths
occurring from the family of immunization-preventable diseases.

Methods:
In this research, subtractive proteome analysis of C. tetani was performed to identify
putative drug targets. The proteins were subjected to blast analysis against Homo sapiens to
exclude homologous proteins. The database of Essential Genes was used to determine the essential
proteins of the pathogen. These basic proteins were additionally analyzed to anticipate the
corresponding metabolic pathways.

Results:
Cellular localization analysis was carried out to determine the possibility of the protein
presence in the outer membrane. The study has recognized 29 essential genes and 20 unique
pathways of 2314 proteins as potential drug targets. There are 29 essential proteins, out of which, 3
membrane proteins were also identified as putative drug targets.

Conclusion:
Virtual screening in contrast to these proteins can be valuable in the identification of
novel clinical compounds for the C. tetani infections in Homo sapiens.
Can Combined Therapy Benefit Immune Checkpoint Blockade Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Authors: Zhongqi Fan , Xiaodong Sun , Yuguo Chen , Guoyue Lv 
Published: November 2018

Background:Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality rate. The effects of most therapies are limited. The Immune Checkpoint Blockade (ICB) improves the prognosis in multiple malignancies. The application of immune checkpoint blockade to hepatocellular carcinoma patients has recently started. Early phase clinical trials have shown some benefits to cancer patients.Methods/Results:This review focuses on the immune system of liver and clinical trials of ICB. In particular, we analyze the mechanisms by which immune checkpoint blockade therapies can be used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients, then examine the factors in cancer resistance to the therapies and finally suggest possible combination therapies for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Conclusion:ICB is a promising therapy for advanced HCC patients. Combined therapy exhibits a great potential to enhance ICB response in these patients. The better understanding of the factors influencing the sensitivity of ICB and more clinical trials will consolidate the efficiency and minimize the adverse effects of ICB.
Vedic Arithmetic Based High Speed & Less Area MAC Unit for Computing Devices
Authors: Jayakumar Selvakumar , Rajalingam Prithiviraj , Patan Rizwan , Ramachandran Manikandan 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The rapid improvement in technology enables design of high-speed devices,
with development of modified computational elements for FPGA implementation. With complexity
increasing day-to-day, there is demand for modified VLSI computational elements. Basically, for the
past decade an improvement in basic VLSI Operators like Adder, multiplier is significant. The basic
multiplication operator is been completely refined in the aspects of FPGA implementation.

Materials and Methods:
This paper presents a design of 32-bit high-speed MAC unit based on Vedic
computations. Among the many sutras of Vedic mathematics, by using the urdhvatriyagbhyam sutra
the products are generated in parallel. This proposed technique results in multiplication step reduction.

Results:
The result shows that the proposed MAC unit, the number of steps required for multiplication
and addition has been reduced, it leads to the decrease in area size. In comparison with the performance
of existing method to proposed MAC, the LUT's are reduced by 50 percent.

Conclusion:
This paper comprehensively describes the basic Multiplication operation using
urdhvatriyaghyam sutra for parallel multiplication process. Based on the Vedic sutras, the performance
was analyzed on a hardware platform Spartan-3E Xilinx FPGA Device for a 32-bit MAC
unit. The Implementation results shoes reduction in critical delay and area when compared to conventional
booth multiplier-based MAC Design. Hence this works concludes that the proposed Vedic
multiplier is suitable for constructing high speed MAC units.
Website Analytics of a Google Ads Campaign for a Men’s Mental Health Website: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Murphy Andrea Lynn , Peltekian Sophie , Gardner David M 
Published: November 2018

Background
Men with mental health and addictions problems seek information and help from health service providers and community support less often than women with such problems. Online health resources offer men rapid access to self-care recommendations and resources and anonymity; however, only a few websites are specifically developed for men. Headstrong - Taking Things Head-On was a community pharmacy and online health promotion initiative for men living with mental health and addictions problems. The Headstrong website was developed to offer a curated collection of print and online recommended resources (primarily self-help oriented) for depression, anxiety, insomnia, tobacco and alcohol use problems, and suicide. To increase awareness of the initiative and use of the website’s content and resource recommendations, a Google Ads campaign was developed.

Objective
This study aimed to compare user acquisition and behavior on the Headstrong website during and after a Google Ads campaign.

Methods
The Google Ads campaign was launched on December 21, 2017, and run until February 28, 2018. Website analytics (acquisition of new users, behavior in terms of at-website actions and duration, devices used, and conversions [link-outs to recommended resources]) in a 30-day period during the campaign (January 26, 2018 to February 24, 2018) were compared to a similar 30-day period after the campaign (March 23, 2018 to April 21, 2018). A cost analysis of the ad campaign was also performed.

Results
The ad campaign generated 3011 clicks and 4.5 million impressions in total. In addition, the campaign received 1311 website users during the 30-day period of the ad campaign as compared to 241 users during the 30-day period after the ad campaign (P<.001). Return visitor (17.7% vs 27.8%) and nonbounce (19.5% vs 39.8%) user rates as well as session duration (42 vs 102 seconds) and page views per session (1.4 vs 2.1) were lower during the ad campaign than after the campaign (P<.01 for all). The 30-day period of the ad campaign included 9 sessions with conversions initiated by an ad click. Paid and display ads accounted for 63% of the site traffic during the ad campaign, most of which came from mobile phone users. Desktops were the most-common device used after the ad campaign acquired the website via direct and organic searches primarily (92%). The estimated cost per session with one or more conversions was Can $54.69 and cost per conversion was Can $32.81.

Conclusions
A Google Ads campaign designed to direct men to the Headstrong website increased the number of user visits by more than five-fold. However, engagement by users responding to the ad campaign was substantially lower than that by users who visited the website via other acquisition methods, possibly reflecting the nonspecific online targeting of men by the ad campaign. General targeting of men online to promote men’s mental health appears to have limited value.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUBLINGUAL TABLET OF LOSARTAN POTASSIUM
Authors: Kumar Damit , Sharma Amit , Garg Rajiv 
Published: November 2018

The objective of the current study was to develop and optimize a sublingual tablet of Losartan potassium, which is an effective drug in the treatment of hypertension. Owing to number of advantages dissociated with the quick onset of action and it by passes the liver. Sublingual tablets offer effective and easier way for management of Hypertension. The basic approach used in development of Sublingual tablet was the use of super disintegrants by direct compression method. Oral mucosal drug delivery is one of the promising method of systemic drug delivery which offers several advantages. The literal meaning sublingual is ''under the tongue''. Hence the method includes the administrating drug via mouth so that it is absorbed via blood vessels (systemic) present under the tongue. Sublingual tablet is tablet that dissolves or disintegrates in the oral cavity without need of drinking water. Sublingual tablet traditionally have been used as an effective method to improve the dissolution properties and bioavailability of water-soluble drugs. In the preformulation studies, Losartan potassium was characterized by its physiochemical properties such as melting point, solubility, partition coefficient, UV and FTIR studies. UV spectroscopic method was established for quantitative estimation of the drug and the absorbtion maxima were 234 nm. The tablets were formulated by using the direct compression technique. The post compression studies i.e. shape, size, weight variation, hardness, friability and wetting time determined the quality of the product.
Key words:-Sublingual, oral cavity, mucous, bioavailability, Gland, Losartan potassium, Systemic, Solubility.