bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the implementation of a quality improvement process in General Practice using a realist evaluation framework
Authors: Moule Pam , Clompus Susan , Fieldhouse Jon , Ellis‐Jones Julie , Barker Jacqueline 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesUnderuse of anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation is known to increase the risk of stroke and is an international problem. The National Institute for Health Care and Excellence guidance CG180 seeks to reduce atrial fibrillation related strokes through prescriptions of Non‐vitamin K antagonist Oral Anticoagulants. A quality improvement programme was established by the West of England Academic Health Science Network (West of England AHSN) to implement this guidance into General Practice.A realist evaluation identified whether the quality improvement programme worked, determining how and in what circumstances.MethodsSix General Practices in 1 region, became the case study sites. Quality improvement team, doctor, and pharmacist meetings within each of the General Practices were recorded at 3 stages: initial planning, review, and final. Additionally, 15 interviews conducted with the practice leads explored experiences of the quality improvement process. Observation and interview data were analysed and compared against the initial programme theory.ResultsThe quality improvement resources available were used variably, with the training being valued by all. The initial programme theories were refined. In particular, local workload pressures and individual General Practitioner experiences and pre‐conceived ideas were acknowledged. Where key motivators were in place, such as prior experience, the programme achieved optimal outcomes and secured a lasting quality improvement legacy.ConclusionThe employment of a quality improvement programme can deliver practice change and improvement legacy outcomes when particular mechanisms are employed and in contexts where there is a commitment to improve service.
Operational Stress Injuries and the Mental Health and Well‐Being of Veteran Spouses: A Scoping Review
Authors: Norris Deborah , Eichler Maya , Cramm Heidi , Tam‐Seto Linna , Smith‐Evans Kimberley 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article presents the results of a scoping review of literature focusing on the relationship between operational stress injuries (OSIs) in military veterans and spousal mental health and well‐being. Using elements of the family adjustment and adaptation response (FAAR) model as an organizing framework, the research reviewed focuses on the demands the OSIs place on the family system, as well as related capabilities and meanings, and how these demands have an impact on the spouse and the marital relationship.
A multi‐emitter fitting algorithm for potential live cell super‐resolution imaging over a wide range of molecular densities
Authors: TAKESHIMA T. , TAKAHASHI T. , YAMASHITA J. , OKADA Y. , WATANABE S. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryMulti‐emitter fitting algorithms have been developed to improve the temporal resolution of single‐molecule switching nanoscopy, but the molecular density range they can analyse is narrow and the computation required is intensive, significantly limiting their practical application. Here, we propose a computationally fast method, wedged template matching (WTM), an algorithm that uses a template matching technique to localise molecules at any overlapping molecular density from sparse to ultrahigh density with subdiffraction resolution. WTM achieves the localization of overlapping molecules at densities up to 600 molecules μm–2 with a high detection sensitivity and fast computational speed. WTM also shows localization precision comparable with that of DAOSTORM (an algorithm for high‐density super‐resolution microscopy), at densities up to 20 molecules μm–2, and better than DAOSTORM at higher molecular densities. The application of WTM to a high‐density biological sample image demonstrated that it resolved protein dynamics from live cell images with subdiffraction resolution and a temporal resolution of several hundred milliseconds or less through a significant reduction in the number of camera images required for a high‐density reconstruction. WTM algorithm is a computationally fast, multi‐emitter fitting algorithm that can analyse over a wide range of molecular densities. The algorithm is available through the website. https://doi.org/10.17632/bf3z6xpn5j.1
Interbirth Interval and Pregnancy Complications and Outcomes: Findings from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System
Authors: Brunner Huber Larissa R. , Smith Kenesha , Sha Wei , Vick Tara 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionAlthough the definition of a short interbirth interval has been inconsistent in the literature, Healthy People 2020 recommends that women wait at least 18 months after a live birth before attempting their next pregnancy. In the United States, approximately 33% of pregnancies are conceived within 18 months of a previous birth. Pregnancies that result from short interbirth intervals can pose serious risks. The objective of this study was to determine the association between interbirth interval and understudied pregnancy complications and outcomes, including small for gestational age (SGA) infants, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), preterm PROM (PPROM), placenta previa, and gestational diabetes, using Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System data from Mississippi and Tennessee.MethodsThis study collected self‐reported information from 2212 women on interbirth interval (≤18 months, ie, short; 19‐35 months, ie, intermediate; and ≥36 months, ie, long; referent), PPROM, placenta previa, and gestational diabetes. SGA and PROM data were obtained from birth certificates. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.ResultsAfter adjustment, there were no strong associations between interbirth interval and PPROM, gestational diabetes, or SGA infants. However, women with shorter intervals had increased odds of PROM (short: OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.22‐10.23 and intermediate: OR, 4.09; 95% CI, 1.28‐13.03) and placenta previa (short: OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.10‐6.05 and intermediate: OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 0.94‐3.05).DiscussionThe study's findings provide further support for encouraging women to space their pregnancies appropriately. Moreover, findings underscore the need to provide women with family planning services so that closely spaced pregnancies and unintended pregnancies can be avoided. Additional studies of the role of interbirth interval on these understudied pregnancy complications and outcomes are warranted.
Listeria, Then and Now: A Call to Reevaluate Patient Teaching Based on Analysis of US Federal Databases, 1998‐2016
Authors: Simon Katya , Simon Valentina , Rosenzweig Rachel , Barroso Rebeca , Gillmor‐Kahn Mickey 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionListeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen capable of crossing the placental‐fetal barrier; infection with the bacterium causes listeriosis. An exposed fetus may suffer blindness, neurological damage including meningitis, or even death. The adverse consequences of listeriosis place the infection on the federally reportable disease list. Primary prevention relies on women avoiding 6 categories of foods most likely to be contaminated with L monocytogenes, as indicated in guidelines developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), adapted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) in 2014, and reaffirmed without changes by ACOG in 2016. This report contains a critical evaluation of United States listeriosis prevention guidelines.MethodsBetween 1998 and 2016, there were 876 identified listeriosis events documented in the illness and recall databases maintained by the CDC, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and United States Department of Agriculture ‐ Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA‐FSIS). Each contaminated food was manually compared to the existing listeriosis avoidance guidelines, placing each event within or outside the guidelines. Trends were analyzed over time.ResultsDatabase analysis demonstrates that prior to the year 2000, abiding by the current guidelines would have prevented all reported listeriosis cases. However, in 2015 and 2016, only 5% of confirmed L monocytogenes infections originated from the 6 food groups listed in the CDC and ACOG guidelines. Similar trends emerged for food processing plant recalls (USDA‐FSIS database) and grocery store recalls (FDA database). The total number of listeriosis illnesses in the United States doubled from 2007 to 2014.DiscussionA gradual shift in detection of L monocytogenes contamination in ready‐to‐eat meals, frozen foods, and ready‐to‐eat salads has occurred. Another emerging culprit is pasteurized dairy products. Revision of listeriosis avoidance guidelines by a consensus‐seeking, multidisciplinary task force, is needed.
Anticompetitive Effects of Common Ownership
Authors: AZAR JOSÉ , SCHMALZ MARTIN C. , TECU ISABEL 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTMany natural competitors are jointly held by a small set of large institutional investors. In the U.S. airline industry, taking common ownership into account implies increases in market concentration that are 10 times larger than what is “presumed likely to enhance market power” by antitrust authorities. Within‐route changes in common ownership concentration robustly correlate with route‐level changes in ticket prices, even when we only use variation in ownership due to the combination of two large asset managers. We conclude that a hidden social cost—reduced product market competition—accompanies the private benefits of diversification and good governance.
Color Aspect of Monolithic Zirconia Restorations: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Tabatabaian Farhad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMonolithic zirconia restoration is an acceptable treatment option in restorative dentistry and a developing trend in esthetic dentistry. Digital dentistry has simplified fabrication of monolithic zirconia restorations. Zirconia ceramic has introduced an opportunity to achieve both esthetic and mechanical requirements for restorations. This is rarely found for a ceramic in dentistry. Monolithic zirconia restorations represent an acceptable durability, comparable to metal‐ceramic restorations, while they are superior to metal‐ceramic restorations esthetically; however, difficulties to gain an optimal shade reproduction and a color match with monolithic zirconia restorations still remain. The color of these restorations may be influenced by manufacturing processes, laboratory procedures, and clinical factors. Manufacturing processes determine basic optical properties of zirconia ceramics. Different laboratory procedures may create optical changes in zirconia ceramics. Also clinical factors such as dental background, cement, and zirconia restoration features may affect the resulting color. This literature review aimed to discuss potent factors in the color of monolithic zirconia restorations. An electronic search of the PubMed/Google Scholar database was performed to find related English‐language articles published between January 1, 2000, and October 31, 2017. The key terms of background, cement, ceramic, color, esthetics, shade, spectrophotometry, thickness, translucency, and zirconia were used both individually and simultaneously. Also, a manual search was conducted, and five classic articles of color science were added. Thus 192 articles were included. In the last decade, shade reproduction of monolithic zirconia restorations has been highly regarded; however, further improvements are required in the manufacturing process to produce tooth‐like zirconia ceramics. An esthetic guideline named background‐cement‐ceramic color harmony was suggested in this study; however, more clinical practice guidelines should be established for monolithic zirconia restorations on esthetics, and therefore, more studies are required.
Ethnic drift and white flight: A gravity model of neighborhood formation
Authors: Bakens Jessie , Florax Raymond J.G.M. , Mulder Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMost research on ethnic relocation at the neighborhood level focuses on either in‐migration or out‐migration, considering characteristics of either the origin or the destination neighborhood. Gravity models consider characteristics of both the origin and destination of movers, but are mostly used to explain international or interregional migrant flows. We estimate a gravity model at the neighborhood level to identify the role of ethnic heterogeneity across space in two Dutch cities, explaining both size and ethnic composition of mover flows within cities. Our findings suggest a preference for living with the own ethnic group in an otherwise diverse neighborhood.
Resurrection of the East Asian genus Eremotropa (Monotropoideae, Ericaceae), based on molecular and morphological data
Authors: Zhao Qian‐Ru , Zhou Jing , Peng Hua , Liu Zhen‐Wen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe monotypic genus Eremotropa Andres (Monotropoideae, Ericaceae) is endemic to central Yunnan. It was first described by Andres in 1953, and was subsequently treated as a synonym of Monotropastrum Andres (1987); however, the phylogenetic placement of this genus has not, to date, been investigated. In this study, phylogenetic analyses were undertaken using DNA sequences from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer from all species of Monotropoideae available in GenBank. Comparative morphological studies on Eremotropa, Monotropastrum, and Monotropa L. were also carried out. The molecular phylogenetic evidence suggests that Eremotropa is sister to a clade formed by Monotropa and the remaining species of Monotropastrum, thus rendering Monotropastrum not monophyletic. Morphologically, Eremotropa differs from Monotropastrum in plant color, inflorescence type, length of the style, and size of the baccate fruit. Consequently, molecular and morphological evidence supports the resurrection of Eremotropa, which contains only one species, E. sciaphila Andres, as distinct from Monotropastrum.
Fern and lycophyte diversity in the Pacific Northwest: Patterns and predictors
Authors: Link‐Pérez Melanie A. , Laffan Shawn W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent floristic efforts in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) have now made it possible to characterize the broad‐scale patterns of fern and lycophyte diversity across this large and geologically‐complex region of western North America. The physiography of the PNW has been developing for over 200 million years, but Pleistocene glaciation‐induced migrations and recolonizations have strongly influenced the assembly of the flora. With the high dispersal potential of fern and lycophyte spores, the distribution patterns of pteridophytes may be representative of habitat suitability more than dispersal constraints. Our objective was to describe the biodiversity of pteridophytes in the PNW, determine the spatial distribution of that biodiversity in terms of phylogenetic diversity, identify centers of regional endemism, explore the correlations between biodiversity and environmental variables, and infer possible influences of past glaciation on the pteridophyte flora. We obtained presence‐only distribution data from two online databases. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using chloroplast DNA sequence data from GenBank. We used theBiodiversesoftware package to estimate and map phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism across the PNW, and to identify those regions of the PNW where diversity was higher or lower than expected in comparison to randomization models. Environmental correlates of diversity were identified using principal components analysis with bioclimatic data fromWorldClim.org, and we used Maxent to predict habitat suitability for species under past and future climate conditions. We found evidence for the influence of past glaciations and glacial refugia on the patterns of pteridophyte diversity, that moisture availability and cold temperatures are strongly correlated with patterns of genus richness, phylogenetic diversity, and phylogenetic endemism. We infer that the topographic complexity of the region may be driving the assembly of the pteridophyte flora indirectly by influencing climate and precipitation patterns.
Socio‐economic and institutional assessment of Malaysia's first biosphere reserve: Chini Lake
Authors: Sharip Zati , Majizat Akashah , Suratman Saim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite being designated the first UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Malaysia, the Chini Lake Basin experiences continuing management challenges attributable to existing sectoral management practices and differences in demands of multiple stakeholders. Accordingly, a socio‐economic survey and stakeholder consultative process were undertaken, involving relevant stakeholders in the lake basin. The consultative process involved: (a) identification and prioritization of relevant stakeholders; (b) assessment of their socio‐economic activities and perceptions; (c) organization of focus group discussions between basin stakeholders; and (d) development of management recommendations in collaboration with stakeholders. The results of this study indicated the local community's way of living has changed from traditional occupations to a wage economy. Overlapping functions and lack of communication were among the major identified challenges facing by Chini Lake. Multiple strategies were proposed to promote environmental protection and good governance of Chini Lake, including formation of special area plans and strengthening institutional arrangements to sustainably manage the Chini Lake catchment. An effective authority also is necessary to improve communication and coordination of programmes by the various basin agencies and communities.
Baseline characteristics of the autosomal‐dominant polycystic kidney disease sub‐cohort of the KoreaN cohort study for outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kim Hyunsuk , Koh Junga , Park Sue K , Oh Kook H , Kim Yeong H , Kim Yaeni , Ahn Curie , Oh Yun K 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to describe the baseline characteristics of autosomal‐dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in a cohort of Korean patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsFrom April 2011 to February 2016, patients with CKD stage 1–5 (pre‐dialysis) were enrolled as an ADPKD sub‐cohort of the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Baseline characteristics, the correlation of kidney and liver volume and kidney function and the factors associated with kidney function were analysed.ResultsA total of 364 ADPKD patients with a mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 68.1 ± 33.3 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (50.5% male with a mean age of 47.0 ± 10.6 years) were enrolled from nine hospitals in Korea. Initially, 55.8% of the patients were asymptomatic, and pain was the most common symptom (12.9%); 87.6 and 77.5% of the patients had hypertension and hepatic cysts, respectively. The height‐adjusted total kidney volumes (htTKV) were higher in male patients than in female patients. In contrast, the height‐adjusted total liver volumes were higher in female patients than in male patients. The decrease rate of eGFR depending on Log(htTKV) was larger in the group aged between 41 and 50 years than the other age groups. Older age, a higher 24‐h urine protein excretion, larger htTKV and hyperuricemia were independently associated with lower eGFR, whereas using febuxostat was independently associated with higher eGFR.ConclusionThis sub‐cohort will provide clinical characteristics and outcomes of Korean ADPKD patients, which can be compared with those of other previous cohorts. We have identified factors associated with advanced‐stage CKD in Korean patients with ADPKD.
Arabidopsis Lunapark proteins are involved in ER cisternae formation
Authors: Kriechbaumer Verena , Breeze Emily , Pain Charlotte , Tolmie Frances , Frigerio Lorenzo , Hawes Chris 
Published: May 2018

Summary

The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The ER consists of a dynamic and continuously remodelling network of tubules and cisternae. Several conserved membrane proteins have been implicated in formation and maintenance of the ER network in plants, such as RHD3 and the reticulon proteins. Despite the recent work in mammalian and yeast cells, the detailed molecular mechanisms of ER network organization in plants remain largely unknown. Recently, novel ER network‐shaping proteins called Lunapark (LNP) have been identified in yeast and mammalian cells.

Here we identify two Arabidopsis LNP homologues and investigate their subcellular localization via confocal microscopy and potential function in shaping the ER network using protein–protein interaction assays and mutant analysis.

We show that AtLNP1 overexpression in tobacco leaf epidermal cells mainly labels cisternae in the ER network, whereas AtLNP2 labels the whole ER. Overexpression of LNP proteins results in an increased abundance of ER cisternae and lnp1 and lnp1lnp2 amiRNA lines display a reduction in cisternae and larger polygonal areas.

Thus, we hypothesize that AtLNP1 and AtLNP2 are involved in determining the network morphology of the plant ER, possibly by regulating the formation of ER cisternae.
Evaluating predisposition and training in shaping the musician's brain: the need for a developmental perspective
Authors: Zuk Jennifer , Gaab Nadine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe study of music training as a model for structural plasticity has evolved significantly over the past 15 years. Neuroimaging studies have identified characteristic structural brain alterations in musicians compared to nonmusicians in school‐age children and adults, using primarily cross‐sectional designs. Despite this emerging evidence and advances in pediatric neuroimaging techniques, hardly any studies have examined brain development in early childhood (before age 8) in association with musical training, and longitudinal studies starting in infancy or preschool are particularly scarce. Consequently, it remains unclear whether the characteristic “musician brain” is solely the result of musical training, or whether certain predispositions may have an impact on its development. Moving toward a developmental perspective, the present review considers various factors that may contribute to early brain structure prior to the onset of formal musical training. This review introduces a model for potential neurobiological pathways leading to the characteristic “musician brain,” which involves a developmental interaction between predisposition and its temporal dynamics, environmental experience, and training‐induced plasticity. This perspective illuminates the importance of studying the brain structure associated with musical training through a developmental lens, and the need for longitudinal studies in early childhood to advance our understanding of music training‐induced structural plasticity.