bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective International Study on Adherence to Treatment in 305 Patients With Flaring SLE: Assessment by Drug Levels and Self‐Administered Questionnaires
Authors: Costedoat‐Chalumeau Nathalie , Houssiau Frédéric , Izmirly Peter , Guern Véronique Le , Navarra Sandra , Jolly Meenakshi , Ruiz‐Irastorza Guillermo , Baron Gabriel , Hachulla Eric , Agmon‐Levin Nancy , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Dall'Ara Francesca , Buyon Jill , Deligny Christophe , Cervera Ricard , Lazaro Estibaliz , Bezanahary Holy , Leroux Gaëlle , Morel Nathalie , Viallard Jean‐François , Pineau Christian , Galicier Lionel , Vollenhoven Ronald Van , Tincani Angela , Nguyen Hanh , Gondran Guillaume , Zahr Noel , Pouchot Jacques , Piette Jean‐Charles , Petri Michelle , Isenberg David 
Published: August 2018

Nonadherence to treatment is a major cause of lupus flares. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a major medication in systemic lupus erythematosus, has a long half‐life and can be quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography. This international study evaluated nonadherence in 305 lupus patients with flares using drug levels (HCQ < 200 ng/ml or undetectable desethylchloroquine), and self‐administered questionnaires (MASRI < 80%). Drug levels defined 18.4% of the patients as severely nonadherent. In multivariate analyses, younger age, nonuse of steroids, higher body mass index, and unemployment were associated with nonadherence by drug level. Questionnaires classified 23.4% of patients as nonadherent. Correlations between adherence measured by questionnaires, drug level, and physician assessment were moderate. Both methods probably measured two different patterns of nonadherence: self‐administered questionnaires mostly captured relatively infrequently missed tablets, while drug levels identified severe nonadherence (i.e., interruption or erratic tablet intake). The frequency with which physicians miss nonadherence, together with underreporting by patients, suggests that therapeutic drug monitoring is useful in this setting. (Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01509989.)
Flexible Anion Microbatteries: Towards Construction of a Hybrid Battery–Capacitor Device
Authors: Silambarasan Krishnamoorthy , Joseph James 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA proof‐of‐principle study is presented on the rechargeable anion storage capability of ferrocyanide immobilized in a polysilsesquioxane (PSQ)‐modified flexible/rigid film for aqueous battery applications. This electrode material delivers high power density up to 140 μWh cm−2 and energy density of 9.4 μWh cm−2 with a long cycle life of more than 200 cycles in chloride ion medium. The proposed energy storage mechanism of this system is based on insertion and extraction of the anion into the [Fe(CN)6]4−−PSQ film during charging and discharging processes, respectively. Moreover, a hybrid battery–capacitor device comprising a graphite rod (capacitor) and the ferrocyanide‐immobilized PSQ film as a faradaic electrode shows enhanced electrochemical performance.
Synergistic Activation of Palladium Nanoparticles by Polyoxometalate‐Attached Melem for Boosting Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Efficiency
Authors: Leng Yan , Zhang Chenjun , Liu Bing , Liu Miaomiao , Jiang Pingping , Dai Sheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPd nanoparticles (NPs) anchored on a phosphotungstic acid attached melem porous hybrid (PW/melem) were prepared by hybridization of phosphotungstic acid Pd salt and melem, followed by chemical reduction. PW/melem was demonstrated to be an outstanding support that can stabilize and disperse small Pd NPs (2 nm), and significantly boost their efficiency for H2 generation from the dehydrogenation of formic acid (FA). Experimental results and mechanistic investigations indicate that a strong electronic interaction exists between Pd NPs and the PW anions; the PW anions accept electrons from Pd first and, during FA dehydrogenation, the reduced blue PW donates electrons to Pd. Moreover, melem plays an important role in hydrogen transfer and can accelerate H2 generation. The overall synergistic effect of PW and melem endows Pd NPs with extremely high activity and stability for complete FA conversion at 50 °C, achieving a high turnover frequency of 15 393 h−1.
High‐rise concrete and clay block masonry building in Brazil
Authors: Parsekian Guilherme Aris , Medeiros Wallison Angelim , Sipp Gustavo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBrazilian structural concrete and clay block masonry construction shares many common features with construction all over the world: blocks of a similar shape are bedded in mortar, vertical and horizontal reinforcement is placed in grouted cells, engineering analysis and design follows universal principles and local design codes mimic those adopted elsewhere. However, loadbearing masonry construction in Brazil has become one of the most preferred high‐rise building systems due to its cost‐effectiveness and ease of construction compared to normal reinforced concrete solutions. This paper provides an overview of loadbearing masonry building in Brazil, including case studies on notable high‐rise masonry structures, with an overview of how Brazilian materials, codes and practices differ from the rest of the world. Finally, the paper explains how the use of high‐strength units assists the growing demand for taller and taller buildings and provides insight into why owners and general contractors often prefer to use structural masonry.
Manufacturer's declarations for harmonised construction products
Authors: Schmidt‐Wottrich Jörg 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAfter the judgement of the ECJ in case C‐100/13 from 16 October 2014, no additional national requirements may be issued for construction products with CE‐marking. In order to implement the community requirements in Germany, the Model Building Code was revised by decision of the state building ministers conference of 13 May 2016 and is presently being implemented by the federal states through revisions of the relevant state building codes. Instead of the Construction Products List and the list of technical building rules, the standardised sample administrative regulation ”Technische Baubestimmungen“ (technical building rules, VV TB) has now become valid, which was published on 01 September 2017 by the German institute for building technology, DIBt.One alternative possibility for the verification of suitability for construction is a manufacturer's declaration based on a requirement document. In this case the requirement document reflects the technical requirements according to standards for the construction product or building type, the fulfilment of which is guaranteed for the specific product in the manufacturer's declaration of the relevant manufacturer. The manufacturer thus accepts liability that his product fulfils the legal requirements. This guarantee declaration under civil law as a supplement to the public building law conforms to European law and is a transparent and practical solution to be able to ensure the achieved level of health protection, environmental acceptability and safety in building practice.
Hair EtG: Alterations in segment levels accompanying hair growth
Authors: Fosen Jan Toralf , Høiseth Gudrun , Sempio Cristina , Giarratana Nefele , Enger Asle , Mørland Jørg , Morini Luca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHair levels of the direct ethanol biomarker ethyl glucuronide (EtG) are used to evaluate history of alcohol intake. The proximal 3 cm of the hair sample is most often analyzed and this is assumed to represent the intake of ethanol over approximately the past three months. The aim of this study was to investigate change of EtG levels during hair growth in an ethanol‐abstinent period. Twenty‐seven patients were recruited from an alcohol treatment clinic. A hair sample was collected after hospitalization and EtG was analyzed in the 0–3 cm hair segment (T1). Another hair sample was collected after one month of abstinence and EtG was analyzed in the 1–4 cm hair segment (T2), discarding the proximal 1 cm (0–1 cm) of the segment. As a result of the segment choice and assuming a hair growth rate of 1 cm per month, T2 should represent roughly the same time of alcohol exposure as segment T1. The median concentration of EtG in T1 was 100 pg/mg (range 7.7–1320) and the median concentration in T2 was 53.4 pg/mg (range < LOQ‐692). EtG concentrations decreased significantly from T1 to T2 (p = 0.003) and the median change in EtG from T1 to T2 was −46.0%. This study shows decreasing EtG concentrations in most subjects in a hair segment during growth when comparing two segments that is assumed to represent roughly the same period of alcohol intake. Further research is needed to confirm if this observed decline of EtG is a result of wash‐out‐effects of EtG or other factors.
A new cognitive bias modification technique to influence risk factors for eating disorders
Authors: Matheson Emily , Wade Tracey D. , Yiend Jenny 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveEating disorder psychopathology is associated with a propensity to interpret ambiguous stimuli to be negatively related to one's appearance and self‐worth. The relative impact of modifying interpretation bias for these respective stimuli is unknown. Hence the main aim of the current study was to compare two cognitive bias modification protocols targeting interpretation bias (CBM‐I), one focused on appearance and the other on self‐worth, in terms of impacting interpretation bias, body dissatisfaction and negative affect. The appearance‐based CBM‐I protocol was developed for the current study.MethodFemale university students (N = 123) were randomized into one of three CBM‐I conditions: appearance, self‐worth or control. Immediately following a negative induction that significantly increased body dissatisfaction and negative affect, participants underwent their respective CBM‐I training.ResultsThe CBM‐I for appearance produced significant changes in the targeted bias, as well as significant improvements (moderate effect sizes) in appearance satisfaction, relative to the CBM‐I for self‐worth and control conditions.DiscussionThe results support the usefulness of the CBM‐I for appearance protocol, and suggests that this technique warrants further investigation with respect to modifying interpretation bias and risk factors associated with eating disorder psychopathology. Null effects of CBM‐I for self‐worth should be interpreted in light of study limitations, including the potential unsuitability of training material for young women. CBM‐I for both types of interpretation bias should be evaluated in future research.
Male mate preference as an agent of fecundity selection in a polymorphic salamander
Authors: Jaworski Kortney E. , Lattanzio Matthew S. , Hickerson Cari‐Ann M. , Anthony Carl D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractColor polymorphisms are associated with variation in other traits which may affect individual fitness, and these color‐trait associations are expected to contribute to nonrandom mating in polymorphic species. The red‐backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus) exhibits a polymorphism in dorsal pattern: striped and unstriped, and previous studies have suggested that they may mate nonrandomly. However, the mechanism(s) contributing to this behavior remain unclear. Here we consider the role that male preference may have in driving mating behavior in P. cinereus. We limit our focus to striped individuals because this morph is most likely to be choosy given their dominant, aggressive behavioral profiles relative to unstriped males. Specifically, we evaluated (a) whether striped males preferentially associate with females with respect to her dorsum color, size, and body condition and (b) if so, whether female traits are evaluated via visual or chemical cues. We also considered whether the frequency of another male social behavior, nose taps, was associated with mate preferences. We found that striped male P. cinereus nose tapped more often to preferred females. However, males only assessed potential mates via chemical cues, preferring larger females overall. Reproductive phenology data on a sample of gravid females drawn from the same population indicated that the color morphs do not differ in reproductive traits, but larger females have greater fecundity. Given our findings, we conclude that female P. cinereus are under fecundity selection, mediated by male preference. In this manner, male mating behavior contributes to observations of nonrandom mate associations in this population of P. cinereus.
Toward an ecoregion scale evaluation of eDNA metabarcoding primers: A case study for the freshwater fish biodiversity of the Murray–Darling Basin (Australia)
Authors: Bylemans Jonas , Gleeson Dianne M. , Hardy Christopher M. , Furlan Elise 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing of environmental DNA (i.e., eDNA metabarcoding) has become an increasingly popular method for monitoring aquatic biodiversity. At present, such analyses require target‐specific primers to amplify DNA barcodes from co‐occurring species, and this initial amplification can introduce biases. Understanding the performance of different primers is thus recommended prior to undertaking any metabarcoding initiative. While multiple software programs are available to evaluate metabarcoding primers, all programs have their own strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, a robust in silico workflow for the evaluation of metabarcoding primers will benefit from the use of multiple programs. Furthermore, geographic differences in species biodiversity are likely to influence the performance of metabarcoding primers and further complicate the evaluation process. Here, an in silico workflow is presented that can be used to evaluate the performance of metabarcoding primers on an ecoregion scale. This workflow was used to evaluate the performance of published and newly developed eDNA metabarcoding primers for the freshwater fish biodiversity of the Murray–Darling Basin (Australia). To validate the in silico workflow, a subset of the primers, including one newly designed primer pair, were used in metabarcoding analyses of an artificial DNA community and eDNA samples. The results show that the in silico workflow allows for a robust evaluation of metabarcoding primers and can reveal important trade‐offs that need to be considered when selecting the most suitable primer. Additionally, a new primer pair was described and validated that allows for more robust taxonomic assignments and is less influenced by primer biases compared to commonly used fish metabarcoding primers.
Effect of plant root symbionts on performance of native woody species in competition with an invasive grass in multispecies microcosms
Authors: Birnbaum Christina , Morald Tim K. , Tibbett Mark , Bennett Richard G. , Standish Rachel J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe majority of terrestrial plants form mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rhizobia (i.e., nitrogen‐fixing bacteria). Understanding these associations has important implications for ecological theory and for restoration practice. Here, we tested whether the presence of AMF and rhizobia influences the performance of native woody plants invaded by a non‐native grass in experimental microcosms. We planted eight plant species (i.e., Acacia acuminata, A. microbotrya, Eucalyptus loxophleba subsp. loxophleba, E. astringens, Calothamnus quadrifidus, Callistemon phoeniceus, Hakea lissocarpha and H. prostrata) in microcosms of field‐conditioned soil with and without addition of AMF and rhizobia in a fully factorial experimental design. After seedling establishment, we seeded half the microcosms with an invasive grass Bromus diandrus. We measured shoot and root biomass of native plants and Bromus, and on roots, the percentage colonization by AMF, number of rhizobia‐forming nodules and number of proteaceous root clusters. We found no effect of plant root symbionts or Bromus addition on performance of myrtaceous, and as predicted, proteaceous species as they rely little or not at all on AMF and rhizobia. Soil treatments with AMF and rhizobia had a strong positive effect (i.e., larger biomass) on native legumes (A. microbotrya and A. acuminata). However, the beneficial effect of root symbionts on legumes became negative (i.e., lower biomass and less nodules) if Bromus was present, especially for one legume, i.e., A. acuminata, suggesting a disruptive effect of the invader on the mutualism. We also found a stimulating effect of Bromus on root nodule production in A. microbotrya and AMF colonization in A. acuminata which could be indicative of legumes’ increased resource acquisition requirement, i.e., for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, in response to the Bromus addition. We have demonstrated the importance of measuring belowground effects because the aboveground effects gave limited indication of the effects occurring belowground.
A review of macroinvertebrate‐ and fish‐based stream health modelling techniques
Authors: Hernandez‐Suarez J. Sebastian , Nejadhashemi A. Pouyan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring the last three decades, explaining cause–effect relationships between natural and anthropogenic disturbances with measures of stream health have motivated the growing application of statistical, machine learning, and soft computing methods. The aim of this review is to provide insight into the most widely used methods for predicting biological variables based on macroinvertebrate and fish species in riverine ecosystems. Therefore, we describe several methods including multiple linear regression, generalized linear models, generalized additive models, boosted regression trees, random forests, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic‐based, and Bayesian belief networks along with recent applications of these. Moreover, issues regarding variable selection, model interpretability, ensemble modelling, and model evaluation and overfitting are discussed. Recent advances have suggested the need for integrated modelling systems to enhance the predictive ability and improve interpretability. However, trade‐offs between model complexity and accuracy demand research efforts in uncertainty quantification/propagation in model ensembles. Additionally, models should be perceived as complementary tools that require further validation with field measurements. Therefore, a consensus regarding monitoring and modelling practices for stream health applications is recommended.
Iron deficiency in chronic heart failure: case‐based practical guidance
Authors: Lam Carolyn S. P. , Doehner Wolfram , Comin‐Colet Josep ,   on behalf of the IRON CORE Group
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn patients with chronic heart failure, iron deficiency, even in the absence of anaemia, can aggravate the underlying disease and have a negative impact on clinical outcomes and quality of life. The 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure recognize iron deficiency as a co‐morbidity in chronic heart failure and recommend iron status screening in all newly diagnosed patients with chronic heart failure. Furthermore, the guidelines specifically recommend considerations of intravenous iron therapy, ferric carboxymaltose, for the treatment of iron deficiency. However, in spite of these recommendations, iron deficiency remains often overlooked and undertreated. This may be due, in part, to the lack of clinical context and practical guidance accompanying the guidelines for the treating physician. Here, we provide practical guidance complemented by a case study to assist and improve the timely diagnosis, treatment, and routine management of iron deficiency in patients with chronic heart failure.
Paths to expansion: Differential requirements of IRF4 in CD8+ T‐cell expansion driven by antigen and homeostatic cytokines
Authors: Lugli Enrico , Brummelman Jolanda , Pilipow Karolina , Roychoudhuri Rahul 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInterferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) regulates the clonal expansion and metabolic activity of activated T cells, but the precise context and mechanisms of its function in these processes are unclear. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Miyakoda et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2018. 48: 1319–1328] show that IRF4 is required for activation and expansion of naïve and memory CD8+ T cells driven by T‐cell receptor (TCR) signaling, but dispensable for memory CD8+ T‐cell maintenance and homeostatic proliferation driven by homeostatic cytokines. The authors show that the function of IRF4 in CD8+ T‐cell expansion is partially dependent upon activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway through direct or indirect attenuation of PTEN expression. These data shed light upon the differential intracellular pathways required for naïve and memory T cells to respond to self‐antigens and/or homeostatic cytokines, and highlight the potential translational relevance of these findings in the context of immune reconstitution such as following allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
Association between two painful and poorly understood conditions: Irritable bowel and sensitive skin syndromes
Authors: Misery Laurent , Duboc Henri , Coffin Benoit , Brenaut Emilie , Huet Flavien , Taieb Charles 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel and sensitive skin syndromes are common painful conditions that are poorly understood, with alterations of the peripheral (and possibly central) nervous system that lead to a lowering of perception thresholds as the main pathophysiological mechanism.MethodsA cross‐sectional epidemiological study was carried out on a representative sample of French people, according to the quota method using a questionnaire.ResultsAmong the 5,000 respondents, 48.9% were men and 51.1% were women. According to the adapted Rome questionnaire, 14.6% suffered from irritable bowel syndrome. A total of 59.1% declared very sensitive or sensitive skin. A total of 73.1% of subjects had irritable bowel syndrome versus 52.3% in the other group without an irritable colon (p < 0.001). Similarly, the frequency of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms was associated with the severity of sensitive skin syndrome. The presence of sensitive skin was highly associated with the presence of abdominal pain or discomfort, with an OR of 1.93 after adjustment for sex and age.ConclusionsThis study is the first study showing an association between sensitive skin and irritable bowel syndromes. Sensory symptoms are predominant in these two syndromes and transit disorders in one case and vasomotor disorders in the other could probably be considered as pathophysiological equivalents.SignificanceThe demonstration of the association between these two syndromes can open new pathophysiological or even therapeutic pathways, since dysfunctional nerve endings and/or increased release of some neurotransmitters are likely involved.
Social devaluation of African Americans and race‐related conspiracy theories
Authors: Davis James , Wetherell Geoffrey , Henry P.J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAfrican Americans in the United States endorse conspiracy theories at greater rates than Whites. The extant literature explains this pattern in terms of a rational motivation to blame the social system for prejudice and discrimination. However, little research distinguishes between race‐relevant conspiracy theories against African Americans and general conspiracy theories. We propose that African Americans may seek out race‐relevant conspiracy theories in particular because they satisfy a search for meaning that is brought about by chronic social devaluation. We present two studies that examine this social devaluation hypothesis. In Study 1 African Americans endorsed race‐relevant conspiracy theories, even when controlling for perceptions of discrimination, an aspect of system blame. Study 2 employed an experimental affirmation of social value that significantly reduced African Americans' endorsement of race‐relevant conspiracy theories consistent with the social devaluation hypothesis. These data indicate that there may be psychologically adaptive features of race‐relevant conspiracy theory endorsement.