bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Melatonin Supplementation on Glycemic Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Doosti-Irani Amin , Ostadmohammadi Vahidreza , Mirhosseini Naghmeh , Mansournia MohammadAli , Reiter Russel , Kashanian Maryam , Rahimi Maryam , Razavi Maryamalsadat , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to clarify the effect of melatonin supplementation on glycemic control. Databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched until July 30th, 2018. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias for included trials. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed using Cochran’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using random-effect models and standardized mean difference (SMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Twelve trials out of 292 selected reports were identified eligible to be included in current meta-analysis. The pooled findings indicated that melatonin supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose (SMD=–6.34; 95% CI, –12.28, –0.40; p=0.04; I2: 65.0) and increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (SMD=0.01; 95% CI, 0.00, 0.02; p=0.01; I2: 0.0). However, melatonin administration did not significantly influence insulin levels (SMD=–1.03; 95% CI, –3.82, 1.77; p=0.47; I2: 0.53), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD=–0.34; 95% CI, –1.25, 0.58; p=0.37; I2: 0.37) or HbA1c levels (SMD=–0.22; 95% CI, –0.47, 0.03; p=0.08; I2: 0.0). In summary, the current meta-analysis showed a promising effect of melatonin supplementation on glycemic control through reducing fasting glucose and increasing QUICKI, yet additional prospective studies are recommended, using higher supplementation doses and longer intervention period, to confirm the impact of melatonin on insulin levels, HOMA-IR and HbA1c.
Central Tolerance Mechanisms to TSHR in Graves’ Disease: Contributions to Understand the Genetic Association
Authors: Pujol-Borrell Ricardo , Álvarez-Sierra Daniel , Jaraquemada Dolores , Marín-Sánchez Ana , Colobran Roger 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the last 3 years, the association of thyrotropin receptor gene (TSHR) variations to Graves’ disease (GD) has been confirmed. It is now well established that a 30 Kb region of intron 1 of the TSHR gene is linked to GD predisposition. Elucidating the mechanism(s) by which these polymorphisms confer susceptibility is difficult but would constitute an important advance in endocrine autoimmunity in general. Two hypotheses, both postulating TSHR gene regulatory mechanisms, are discussed. One postulates differential level of expression in the thymus, involving central tolerance. The other postulates a shift in TSHR differential splicing leading to the production of soluble proteins that will have easy access to antigen presenting cells, so it is focused in peripheral tolerance. A combination of the 2 hypothesis is feasible, especially under the light of recent evidence that have identified epigenetic factors acting on TSHR intron 1.
Ultrasound-Guided Surgery for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A New Interventional Procedure
Authors: Hakime Antoine , Silvera Jonathan , Richette Pascal , Nizard Rémy , Petrover David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may be treated surgically if medical treatment fails. The classical approach involves release of the flexor retinaculum by endoscopic or open surgery. Meta-analyses have shown that the risk of nerve injury may be higher with endoscopic treatment. The recent contribution of ultrasound to the diagnosis and therapeutic management of CTS opens new perspectives. Ultrasound-guided carpal tunnel release via a minimally invasive approach enables the whole operation to be performed as a percutaneous radiological procedure. The advantages are a smaller incision compared with classical techniques; great safety during the procedure by visualization of anatomic structures, particularly variations in the median nerve; and realization of the procedure under local anesthesia. These advantages lead to a reduction in postsurgical sequelae and more rapid resumption of daily activities and work. Dressings are removed by the third day postsurgery. Recent studies seem to confirm the medical, economic, and aesthetic benefits of this new approach.
Percutaneous Vertebral Augmentation Techniques in Osteoporotic and Traumatic Fractures
Authors: Hamze Bassam , Odri Guillaume , Funck-Brentano Thomas , Orcel Philippe , Laredo Jean-Denis , Bousson Valérie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPercutaneous vertebral augmentation/consolidation techniques are varied. These are vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and several methods with percutaneous introduction of an implant (associated or not with cement injection). They are proposed in painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures and traumatic fractures. The objectives are to consolidate the fracture and, if possible, to restore the height of the vertebral body to reduce vertebral and regional kyphosis. Stabilization of the fracture leads to a reduction in pain and thus restores the spinal support function as quickly as possible, which is particularly important in the elderly. The effectiveness of these interventions on fracture pain was challenged once by two randomized trials comparing vertebroplasty to a sham intervention. Since then, many other randomized studies in support of vertebroplasty efficacy have been published. International recommendations reserve vertebroplasty for medical treatment failures on pain, but earlier positioning may be debatable if the objective is to limit kyphotic deformity or even reexpand the vertebral body. Recent data suggest that in osteoporotic fracture, the degree of kyphosis reduction achieved by kyphoplasty and percutaneous implant techniques, compared with vertebroplasty, is not sufficient to justify the additional cost and the use of a somewhat longer and traumatic procedure. In young patients with acute traumatic fractures and a significant kyphotic angle, kyphoplasty and percutaneous implant techniques are preferred to vertebroplasty, as in these cases a deformity reduction has a significant positive impact on the clinical outcome.
Face cells in orbitofrontal cortex represent social categories
Authors: Barat Elodie , Wirth Sylvia , Duhamel Jean-René 
Published: November 2018

Significance
We show that the orbitofrontal cortex contains cells that first discriminate face from nonface stimuli, then categorize faces by their intrinsic sociodemographic and emotional content. In view of the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in reward processing, decision making, and social behavior, our detailed characterization of these cells sheds light on mechanisms by which of social categories are represented in this region. These data articulate a more comprehensive view of the neural architecture for processing face information, one including areas far beyond the core occipitotemporal regions.
Peculiarly pleasant weather for US maize
Authors: Butler Ethan E. , Mueller Nathaniel D. , Huybers Peter 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceOver the course of the 20th century, US maize yields have improved by more than a factor of five. Whereas this trend is often attributed exclusively to technological improvements, here, we also identify contributions from improved temperatures during the growing season. More than one-quarter of the increase in crop yield since 1981 is estimated to result from trends toward overall warmer conditions, but with cooling of the hottest growing-season temperatures, and from adjustments in crop timing toward earlier planting and longer maturation varieties.
Autocrine signaling by anAplysianeurotrophin forms a presynaptic positive feedback loop
Authors: Jin Iksung , Udo Hiroshi , Nicholls Russell , Zhu Huixiang , Kandel Eric R. , Hawkins Robert D. 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceWhereas short-term plasticity is often initiated on one side of the synapse, long-term plasticity involves coordinated changes on both sides, implying extracellular signaling. We have investigated the possible signaling role of anAplysianeurotrophin (ApNT) and found that it acts as a presynaptic autocrine signal, which forms part of a positive feedback loop that drives consolidation of learning-related synaptic plasticity.
Arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides induce membrane multilamellarity and subsequently enter via formation of a fusion pore
Authors: Allolio Christoph , Magarkar Aniket , Jurkiewicz Piotr , Baxová Katarína , Javanainen Matti , Mason Philip E. , Šachl Radek , Cebecauer Marek , Hof Martin , Horinek Dominik , Heinz Veronika , Rachel Reinhard , Ziegler Christine M. , Schröfel Adam , Jungwirth Pavel 
Published: November 2018

Significance
The passive translocation mechanism of arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides has puzzled the scientific community for more than 20 y. In this study we propose a hitherto unrecognized mechanism of passive cell entry involving fusion of multilamellar structures generated by the cell-penetrating peptides. The geometry of entry for this mechanism is completely different from previously suggested direct translocation mechanisms, leading to another paradigm for designing molecular carriers for drug delivery to the cell.
Site-selective chemoenzymatic glycoengineering of Fab and Fc glycans of a therapeutic antibody
Authors: Giddens John P. , Lomino Joseph V. , DiLillo David J. , Ravetch Jeffrey V. , Wang Lai-Xi 
Published: November 2018

Significance
A chemoenzymatic method was developed that permits site-selective Fab and Fc glycan remodeling of intact antibodies. Thus, homogeneous glycoforms of cetuximab were generated in which the immunogenic Fab N-glycans and the less active core-fucosylated Fc N-glycans were precisely remodeled to a desired sialylated N-glycan and an optimal nonfucosylated complex N-glycan, respectively. The glycoengineered cetuximab showed increased affinity for the FcγIIIa receptor and significantly enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity activity. This approach opens a new avenue to manipulating antibody glycosylations to produce specific homogeneous glycoforms useful for functional studies and therapeutic applications.
Human-like hyperplastic prostate with low ZIP1 induced solely by Zn deficiency in rats
Authors: Fong Louise Y. , Jing Ruiyan , Smalley Karl J. , Wang Zi-Xuan , Taccioli Cristian , Fan Sili , Chen Hongping , Alder Hansjuerg , Huebner Kay , Farber John L. , Fiehn Oliver , Croce Carlo M. 
Published: November 2018

SignificanceProstate cancer in man is associated with Zn loss, citrate metabolite reduction, overexpression of the miR-183-96-182 cluster, and regulation of Zn homeostasis through Zn transporter suppression. Our mechanistic study shows that a low-Zn diet upregulates this miR cluster in Zn-deficient middle-aged rat prostate, with ZIP1 mRNA/protein downregulation and a citrate-oxidizing metabolic phenotype, linking citrate reduction directly to prostatic Zn loss. The findings of this study show that the transcriptional and metabolic signal pathways induced by Zn deficiency in rats and almost certainly in men are critical for the development of human and rat prostate cancer and provide a strong rationale for including Zn supplementation in clinical trials to reduce the prostate cancer burden in the human population.
Introduction
Authors: Álvarez López Laura , Ornelas de Avelar Juanito 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter introduces the idea of a continuum of Portuguese in Africa and Brazil. It further identifies the common research
questions, presenting earlier studies and discussing current gaps in research about Brazilian and African varieties of
Portuguese. A detailed overview of the book explains how each of the contributions works towards informing these questions.
Finally, in the final remarks, the authors suggest further research questions, and put forward the necessity of developing a
corpus that includes a diversity of points along the Afro-Brazilian continuum, i.e. datasets with the potential to inspire
comprehensive descriptions as well as fine-tuned analyses of the linguistic properties and sociohistorical settings of the
continuum. Moreover, this introduction signals the need for supplementary research on exactly which linguistic groups have
cohabited where, and in which conditions, and for further exploration of the weight that each of the languages in a particular
setting has had in the competition created by each contact situation.
From creoles to Portuguese
Authors: Hagemeijer Tjerk 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The small island state of São Tomé and Príncipe, located in the Gulf of Guinea in West-Africa, is a linguistically unparalleled case in Africa in the sense that the former colonial language, Portuguese, has become the dominant native language of its population over time, replacing the historically dominant autochthonous creole languages. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the historical and sociolinguistic aspects that led to widespread shift to and nativization of Portuguese in this country.
The agreement continuum in urban samples of African, Brazilian and European varieties of Portuguese
Authors: Brandão Silvia Figueiredo , Vieira Silvia Rodrigues 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Our aim is to contrast number expression in nominal phrases (NPs) and in verbal phrases (VPs), taking into consideration variationist analysis of Brazilian Portuguese (BP), European Portuguese (EP), and Portuguese spoken in São Tomé (STP) and in Mozambique (MP). Building on sociolinguistic principles, the analysis shows that two patterns of agreement characterise varieties of Portuguese: a variable rule of plural marking, even if in differing degrees, in the non-European urban varieties versus a categorical (NP internal agreement) or semi-categorical one (P6 verbal agreement) in EP. Finally, the results allow us to propose a continuum of nominal and verbal agreement patterns in the four urban varieties, based on greater or lesser rates of plural marking and on levels of education.
Health metaphors and embodiment in Arab economic discourse
Authors: Domaradzki Mikolaj 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article is a corpus-based study that examines selected economic metaphors in Arabic with a view to ascertaining whether their presence in a non-Indo-European language can be explained in terms of universal embodied cognition. When exploring the relationship between certain bodily experiences and the corresponding metaphorical expressions in Arabic this paper addresses the following research questions: (1) What is the role of embodiment in Arab economic discourse? (2) Is Arab economic discourse in any way similar to its English counterpart? (3) If so, could any of these similarities be due to the influence of English? (4) If so, does that pose a challenge to the embodiment hypothesis?
English as a lingua franca in Europe: The identification of L1 and L2 accents
Authors: Kristiansen Gitte , Zenner Eline , Geeraerts Dirk 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile empirical research on attitudes towards languages and linguistic varieties has become increasingly popular from the 1960s onwards (e.g.Lambert, Hodgson, Gardner, & Fillenbaum, 1960), experimental investigations into the ability to correctlyidentifythe origin of speakers are in comparison still relatively scarce. We know that the ability to correlate a stretch of uncategorised speech (token) with a series of models (types) is experientially acquired in early childhood (e.g.Kristiansen, 2010), but how similar are those abilities in adulthood and across European nations? English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) has become an integral part of the linguistic reality in Europe (and of the linguistic scenario in the entire world) (e.g.Jenkins, Baker, & Dewey, 2018). Whenever we communicate with anyone who is not a speaker of our own native language in any European country, most of the time we communicate in English. But does our L1 accent still shine through? Will we be recognised (and in most cases probably also stereotypically judged) on the basis of just a short stretch of speech when we communicate in ELF? In Part I of this paper we outline the design of the first large-scale pan-European project on L1 and L2 identifications of ELF in Europe, including 785 respondents from 8 countries. Exploratory analyses confirm the hypothesis that statistically significant asymmetries would show up across different European countries or regions. In Part II of this paper we then aim to explain these asymmetries through a multifactorial statistical analysis (Geeraerts, Grondelaers, & Speelman, 1999;Tagliamonte & Baayen, 2012;Speelman, Heylen, & Geeraerts, 2018).
The justification of grammatical categories
Authors: Reid Wallis 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
What is the theoretical justification for positing such constructs as conjugation classes, declension classes, parts of speech, grammatical gender, and agreement rules? This paper argues that no grammatical category or construct should be taken as an a priori given; each must be justified by the demonstration that it solves a distributional problem. This is the core analytical principle upon which Columbia School linguistics rests, and it is responsible for much that is innovative in Ricardo Otheguy’s grammatical and sociolinguistic research. The novel analytical consequences of this principle will be illustrated by applying it to the distributional problem of the different co-occurrence patterning of such apparent synonyms as blanca and blanco in Spanish.
Spooky grammatical effects
Authors: Davis Joseph 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Linguistic constructs often correspond to nothing concrete: Descriptivists’ zero morpheme, generativists’ trace, variationists’ null instantiation, and Columbia School’s null signal. These represent structural relations with no phonetic substance. Columbia School has posited, moreover, three types of relatively insubstantial semantic structure: The residual member and the including member are semantic value oppositions within a grammatical system, each defined by the system’s other members. In the opposition of substance, in my own work, two signals share a value from one semantic substance, but only one of them bears a meaning from an additional semantic substance. All of these constructs are justified by distributional facts within theoretical paradigms. It is possible, too, to distinguish between all of the above and absence.
Ditransitives and the English System of Degree of Control
Authors: Stern Nancy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The English System of Degree of Control (Diver, 1984) is a Columbia School hypothesis that posits invariant meanings for word order signals in what are traditionally called transitive and ditransitive sentences. In this paper, the Control System is shown to account for speakers’ choices between two constructions that seem, on introspection, to be equivalent: push the wall and give the wall a push. The Control meanings do not only describe a set of uses. Instead, by distinguishing between the linguistic system, on the one hand, and its use, on the other, the meanings of the Control System provide an explanation for the distribution of forms and the choices that speakers make in order to meet their communicative goals.
Bilingual acquisition
Authors: Silva-Corvalán Carmen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the context of heritage languages, the term incomplete acquisition implies that the bilingual child has acquired a language system that is different from that of the providers of language input. The notion of incomplete acquisition has recently been criticized. For example, some scholars argue that grammars cannot be incomplete. This chapter addresses the critiques of the concept of incompleteness and shows, in contrast, that the outcome of reduced exposure and production of a minority language in simultaneous bilingual acquisition indeed reflects the incomplete acquisition of some aspects of the input language. I argue that incompleteness is not a mechanism, but an acquisitional outcome or a stage in language development.
Negation in Functional Discourse Grammar
Authors: Hengeveld Kees , Mackenzie J. Lachlan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to show that the model of Functional Discourse Grammar can be used to provide a detailed classification of expressions of negation by taking its hierarchical, layered structure as the point of departure. The chapter thus follows up on ideas first launched in Dik (1997) concerning the various layers of Functional Grammar at which polarity operators can apply. FDG has introduced a number of additional layers which can also host the negative operator to those recognized in FG, and it has furthermore introduced the distinction between the Representational (semantic) and Interpersonal (pragmatic) Levels. We will argue that operators with a negative value can be found at all layers of both the Interpersonal and the Representational Levels. We illustrate all these types and show how their scope properties and their formal manifestation and behaviour warrant their identification in the grammar.
Premodification in evaluative of-binominal noun phrases
Authors: ten Wolde Elnora 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Premodification patterns play a central role in the analysis of the evaluative binominal noun phrase (EBNP; a beast of a man). This is, on the one hand, because the EBNP sometimes demonstrates non-canonical premodification: modifiers in front of the first noun can be selected by the second noun (e.g. a bitchy iceberg of a woman), and, on the other hand, because some of the EBNPs have evolved into evaluative modifiers (EMs; a beastuva day), with [N1 of a] integrating itself into the pre-existing premodification patterns. In the context of the premodification distinctions relevant to the evaluative of-binominal family, this study will juxtapose a hierarchical, Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG; Hengeveld & Mackenzie 2008; Keizer 2015) analysis of the premodification patterns against those of a linear zone-based, Construction Grammar (Ghesquière 2014) approach to premodification. In particular, this chapter, using corpus data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the Corpus of Historical American English, compares the categories proposed by each theory and discusses to what extent each model is able to account for the shifting premodification patterns found in the evaluative of-binominal family. This chapter concludes that although a zone-based account can, to a great extent, model these differences, this form of model does not provide an explanation as to why these changes have taken place. On the other hand, FDG can model and provide an explanation for the irregular premodification patterns, and captures the critical distinction between pragmatic and semantic modifiers, which also plays a role in this explanation. This study also provides evidence that the [N1 of a] chunk has integrated into pre-existing premodification patterns, and that, therefore, an integration of these two approaches to modeling premodification may be possible.