bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The political sustainability of a basic income scheme and social health insurance
Authors: Kifmann Mathias , Roeder Kerstin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper studies within a two‐stage framework the political economy of a basic income (BI) and social health insurance (SHI) scheme. At the constitutional stage, individuals decide whether these schemes are implemented behind a veil of ignorance about their future income and risk type. This decision is made in anticipation of the outcome at the second stage in which individuals vote on the payroll tax to finance a BI and the contribution rate of a SHI scheme provided these schemes have been implemented. Depending on the amount of healthcare expenditure and the inequalities in income and risk, only a social health insurance scheme is implemented at the constitutional stage.
Lipophilicity and hydrophobicity considerations in bio-enabling oral formulations approaches – a PEARRL review
Authors: Ditzinger Felix , Price Daniel J , Ilie Alexandra-Roxana , Köhl Niklas J , Jankovic Sandra , Tsakiridou Georgia , Aleandri Simone , Kalantzi Lida , Holm René , Nair Anita , Saal Christoph , Griffin Brendan , Kuentz Martin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objectives
This review highlights aspects of drug hydrophobicity and lipophilicity as determinants of different oral formulation approaches with specific focus on enabling formulation technologies. An overview is provided on appropriate formulation selection by focussing on the physicochemical properties of the drug.

Key findings
Crystal lattice energy and the octanol–water partitioning behaviour of a poorly soluble drug are conventionally viewed as characteristics of hydrophobicity and lipophilicity, which matter particularly for any dissolution process during manufacturing and regarding drug release in the gastrointestinal tract. Different oral formulation strategies are discussed in the present review, including lipid-based delivery, amorphous solid dispersions, mesoporous silica, nanosuspensions and cyclodextrin formulations.

Summary
Current literature suggests that selection of formulation approaches in pharmaceutics is still highly dependent on the availability of technological expertise in a company or research group. Encouraging is that, recent advancements point to more structured and scientifically based development approaches. More research is still needed to better link physicochemical drug properties to pharmaceutical formulation design.
Joy of life in nursing homes: A qualitative study of what constitutes the essence of Joy of life in elderly individuals living in Norwegian nursing homes
Authors: Rinnan Eva , André Beate , Drageset Jorunn , Garåsen Helge , Espnes Geir Arild , Haugan Gørill 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundFinding new approaches to increase positive health and well‐being of elderly individuals living in nursing homes (NH) is highly warranted. Several Norwegian municipalities have implemented the certification scheme framed ‘Joy of Life Nursing Home’ (JOLNH). JOLNH is based on a health‐promoting perspective directing elderly individuals’ resources. Through health promotion, preventive and social activities across generations, NH care promotes respect, well‐being, health and cultural experiences among elderly individuals.AimsThe aims of this study were to explore the phenomenon of Joy of life (JOL) among elderly individuals living in NHs and to provide a deeper understanding of which dimensions constitute JOL in this population.MethodsThe present study explored the JOL phenomenon using qualitative methodology. Data were collected between December 2015 and May 2016 by individual qualitative research interviews of 29 elderly individuals who met the inclusion criteria. The informants were living in ten different NHs in two large municipalities in Norway. Prior approval was obtained from all regulatory institutions dealing with research issues and the management in both municipalities.ResultsThe results showed that (i) positive relations, (ii) a sense of belonging, (iii) sources of meaning, (iv) moments of feeling well, and (v) acceptance constituted the conceptualisation of the JOL phenomenon.ConclusionThe dimensions constituting the JOL concept correspond to the concepts of well‐being and flourishing. Knowledge of the JOL phenomenon may help professionals to target elderly individuals’ health and well‐being more precisely and thereby increase flourishing, JOL and well‐being among them.
Presence: the cornerstone of spiritual needs among hospitalised patients
Authors: Hosseini Fahimeh Alsadat , Momennasab Marzieh , Yektatalab Shahrzad , Zareiyan Armin 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAn important part of the spiritual needs of patients is ‘presence’. The increased demand for holistic care has led to increased attention on ‘presence’ and its quality.Aims and objectiveGiven the importance of understanding the phenomenon of presence in order to promote the spirituality dimension among hospitalised patients, this study aimed to describe the lived experience of hospitalised patients in the context of presence.Research methodsThis was a descriptive phenomenological qualitative study carried out on 12 admitted patients in general hospital settings. The data were collected through individual and semi‐structured interviews. The Colaizzi method was used for analysing and interpreting the data, while the criteria of the Guba and Lincoln method were used to ensure the trustworthiness of these data.ResultsThe experience of hospitalised patients concerning ‘presence’ appeared in the form of three main themes: ‘multidimensional connection’, ‘receiving support’ and ‘dignity’. During hospitalisation, patients need to experience effective connection with the transcendent and individuals, and receive various types of comprehensive support, such that their and others’ dignity is preserved. Patients considered that ‘presence’ was beyond ‘being’ and able to provide them with comfort.ConclusionsPatients’ need is very important in the field of presence. In the social and religious context of Iran, in which both supernatural and human aspects of presence are emphasised, it seems that healthcare teams, health authorities and policymakers must provide an appropriate supportive environment in terms of providing a healing presence in its different dimensions.
The significance of patient participation in nursing care – a concept analysis
Authors: Nilsson Madeleine , From Ingrid , Lindwall Lillemor 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to report on a concept analysis of the meaning of patients’ participation. Participation is commonplace in many areas of health care and has become an important issue in healthcare services. Participation is essential when giving nursing care. Challenges exist throughout clinical practice to make the patient a participant in their own care. The study had a caring science perspective.MethodA literature study based on Walker and Avant's method was used with eight steps. Data were collected using several databases covering the years 1995–2017. The analysis covered fifteen articles, dissertations, reports and textbooks.FindingsPatients’ participation may be defined as a concept that relates to and includes the three caring science concepts: learning, caring relationship and reciprocity (defining attributes).ConclusionParticipation is a concept with vague meaning that is prevalent in nursing practice. Patients’ participation is a complex concept. By using the attributes, it could be more visible in nursing care. The next question for research in this area is how these three attributes can best practically be achieved in a clinical context.
Moral messages in a new book about the eminent enlightener Nestor Markov
Authors: Mladenova Maria 
Published: August 2018

Before sharing my impressions of the valuable book by Maria Lovdzhieva,В I would В like to recall who Nestor Markov was,В because I believe that his name is unknown to young audiences and even to many intellectuals. He is partially forgotten, although he is one of the key figures of the Bulgarian National Revival.Nestor Markov occupies a merited place among eminent Bulgarians. He was a teacher and reformer, author of manuals and noted lexicographer, whose work was recognized В by the award of the Order of Merit by the French Republic for contributions to French culture. Generations of francophones have learned the language with the help of his Bulgarian-French and French-Bulgarian dictionaries.В ...
Legalisation of Euthanasia in Finland: Via a Citizens’ Initiative?
Authors: Nieminen Liisa 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article combines two legal and ethical questions: a) the new Finnish method of citizens’ democratic participation (the citizens’ initiative), and b) the complex and controversial question of euthanasia. Both are currently pertinent questions in Finland. The citizens’ initiative institution is a success, especially for liberal people and human rights organisations in promoting issues which coalition governments are not ready to submit to the Parliament of Finland. The euthanasia question meets these requirements and the citizens’ initiative on euthanasia (KAA 2/2017) in principle has a good chance of succeeding in the Parliament, but the result is unpredictable. Many members of the Parliament have not yet decided their attitude to euthanasia, which is a more complicated issue than, say, same-sex marriage.
On the Dynamics and Water Mass Transformation of a Boundary Current Connecting Alpha and Beta Oceans
Authors: Lambert Erwin , Eldevik Tor , Spall Michael A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA subpolar marginal sea, like the Nordic seas, is a transition zone between the temperature-stratified subtropics (the alpha ocean) and the salinity-stratified polar regions (the beta ocean). An inflow of Atlantic Water circulates these seas as a boundary current that is cooled and freshened downstream, eventually to outflow as Deep and Polar Water. Stratification in the boundary region is dominated by a thermocline over the continental slope and a halocline over the continental shelves, separating Atlantic Water from Deep and Polar Water, respectively. A conceptual model is introduced for the circulation and water mass transformation in a subpolar marginal sea to explore the potential interaction between the alpha and beta oceans. Freshwater input into the shelf regions has a slight strengthening effect on the Atlantic inflow, but more prominently impacts the water mass composition of the outflow. This impact of freshwater, characterized by enhancing Polar Water outflow and suppressing Deep Water outflow, is strongly determined by the source location of freshwater. Concretely, perturbations in upstream freshwater sources, like the Baltic freshwater outflow into the Nordic seas, have an order of magnitude larger potential to impact water mass transports than perturbations in downstream sources like the Arctic freshwater outflow. These boundary current dynamics are directly related to the qualitative stratification in transition zones and illustrate the interaction between the alpha and beta oceans.
Investigation, using density function theory, of coverage of the kaolinite (001) surface during hydrogen adsorption
Authors: Zhao Jian , Gao Wei , Tao Zhi-Gang , Guo Hong-Yun , He Man-Chao 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTKaolinite can be used for many applications, including the underground storage of gases. Density functional theory was employed to investigate the adsorption of hydrogen molecules on the kaolinite (001) surface. The coverage dependence of the adsorption sites and energetics was studied systematically for a wide range of coverage, Θ (from 1/16 to 1 monolayer). The three-fold hollow site is the most stable, followed by the bridge, top-z and top sites. The adsorption energy of H2 decreased with increasing coverage, thus indicating the lower stability of surface adsorption due to the repulsion of neighbouring H2 molecules. The coverage has obvious effects on hydrogen adsorption. Other properties of the H2/kaolinite (001) system, including the lattice relaxation and changes of electronic density of states, were also studied and are discussed in detail.
Looking Further When Symptoms Are Disproportionate to Physical Findings
Authors: SHRIER IAN , MORRISON DAVID R. , HAWKES ROGER 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
A 36-yr-old man presents with left ulnar-side wrist pain during an ice hockey game that prevented him from playing hockey or golf. There was no acute mechanism of injury. The usual clinical examination revealed only minimal tenderness and minimal pain with resisted wrist extension. Careful attention to precipitating factors led to testing resisted wrist extension with the forearm fully supinated, which reliably reproduced the intensity of the patient’s symptoms, and a diagnosis of extensor carpi ulnaris tendinopathy. A literature review suggested three additional special tests (two were positive) and management. However, a standard of care has yet been established because neither the tests nor the management has been properly validated through research, thus leaving the management of this condition as an art.
The Leader as Chief Strategist
Authors: Marx Thomas G. 
Published: August 2018

Modern academic links between leadership and strategy were forged in the early 1960s with the heightened application of strategy to business planning. These links were soon dissolved by the strategy consultants who came to dominate the field of business strategy in the mid-1960s. The consultants dismissed the role of leadership in strategic planning in favor of objective analyses of the external environment that eliminated any need for leadership skills, judgment, values, or intuition. Failures to implement strategy in the 1980s led to limited roles for leaders in implementing strategies they had no role in creating, but the gulf between leadership and strategy has steadily widened.
This paper traces the consequences of this widening gulf for teaching leadership and strategy in the classroom. It explores how an integrated approach to teaching leadership and strategy would better prepare today’s students for the challenges they will face as future business leaders.
The Relationship Between the Servant Leadership Behaviors of Immediate Supervisors and Followers’ Perceptions of Being Empowered in the Context of Small Business
Authors: Van Winkle Barbara , Allen Stuart , DeVore Douglas , Winston Bruce 
Published: August 2018

The purpose of this study was to measure the relationship between followers’ perceptions of the servant leadership of their immediate supervisor and followers’ sense of empowerment in the context of small businesses. A quantitative survey was completed by 116 employees of small businesses, including measures of supervisors’ servant leadership behaviors and followers’ self- perceived empowerment. Followers’ perceptions of being empowered were found to correlate positively with their ratings of the servant leadership behaviors of immediate supervisors. The findings support the researchers’ assertions that followers’ perceptions of being empowered will increase as supervisors’ servant leadership behaviors increase.
The power of servant leadership lies in the leader’s ability to unleash the potential and thus the power in those around them. Greenleaf (1977) ascribed greatness to the leader’s attention to followers, “When it is genuine, the interest in and affection for one’s followers that a leader has is a mark of true greatness” (p. 34). In the foreword to the Anniversary edition of Greenleaf’s Servant Leadership, Covey (2002) related empowerment to servant leadership. He acclaimed the importance of empowerment to the sustainable success of organizations in the 21st century. Organizations structured to support and encourage the empowerment of their employees will thrive as market leaders (Covey, 2002). While other leadership styles have been found to empower followers, it is agreed across current literature, that the focus on developing and empowering the follower as their primary concern is specific to servant leaders (Greenleaf, 1977; Parolini, Patterson, & Winston, 2009; Parris & Peachey, 2012; Stone, Russell, & Patterson, 2004; van Dierendonck, 2011).
The context chosen for the study was small business because of the crucial role it plays regarding job growth in the United States (Howard, 2006) and in “enriching the lives of men and women of the whole world” (Kayemuddin, 2012, p. 27). Servant leadership enables small business leaders to fully discover, develop, and employ follower potential through empowering behaviors.
This study sought to contribute to the empirical research of servant leadership by measuring the relationship between supervisors’ servant leadership behaviors and followers’ perceptions of empowerment within the context of small business.
Dig.it.(y)al(l): Tracing digitization in South Africa through AfricasGateway.com
Authors: Hunter Lorien 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this article, I consider the historical development of hip hop culture and community in South Africa, focusing on the contributions of one key player in its history: AfricasGateway.com (AG). Although the birth of South African hip hop predates the launch of this website by many years, as I will demonstrate in this article, AG held a pivotal position in the cultivation of South Africa’s hip hop culture and community. To make this argument I will open with a brief summary of the scene’s development prior to AG’s launch in 1997, and then continue the narration of this history as it surrounds the South African hip hop website. Using a combination of data obtained from the site itself as well as personal interviews, I ultimately seek to reveal, not only how AG helped to develop hip hop culture in South Africa, but also the role that hip hop websites in general have played in shaping its community and culture.
Exploring alternative journalistic approaches to report on China and Africa relations? Comparative study of two best reporting awards projects in China and South Africa
Authors: Yanqiu Zhang , Matingwina Simon 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The media in China and Africa have dedicated considerable space and time to issues on China, Africa and their relationship. While there is quantitative growth in terms of media coverage, there is lack of knowledge on the real issues that define the relationship. In response, University of Witwatersrand (Wits) in South Africa and Tshinghua University in China initiated reporting projects aimed at training journalists on the best approaches to report on China and Africa. This study analysed all the award-winning stories by using content analysis to inquire into the issues and narratives considered significant in defining China, Africa and their relationship. The study finds that there are differences in terms of issues and focus of the stories but this shows the diversity of the issues to be covered on China and Africa. Most significantly, the study shows that the stories from the two projects used constructive journalism narratives that cast new light on existing stereotypes and explore new controversies. Such narratives have the potential to create better understanding between the people of China and Africa but there is a need to ensure training of more media personnel to ensure sustainability of the initiatives.
Mobile social networking applications and the 2012 Occupy Nigeria protest
Authors: Uwalaka Temple , Rickard Scott , Watkins Jerry 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Previous studies on the use of social media to facilitate participation in protest have examined established democracies or authoritarian regimes. Participation via social media in nascent democracies has been less well documented, e.g. in those countries that democratized between the 1970s and the 1990s, including those that recently returned to democracy from military dictatorship such as Nigeria. This study has been conducted to fill this gap. This study examines the impact of mobile social networking applications (SNA) in the 2012 Occupy Nigeria protest to further understand the use of mobile SNA for digital activism. A face-to-face, paper-based, purposive quantitative survey of student protestors was conducted. Survey results indicate that mobile SNA (WhatsApp, 2go, Eskimi, Facebook, Badoo and YouTube) were mostly used by student protesters to plan, coordinate and document their participation in the 2012 Occupy Nigeria protest. Of the seven platforms analysed, Facebook was the most used for protest purposes while Eskimi increased the likelihood that a student attended the first day of the protest. This article argues that mobile SNA brought about interaction, socialization, collective and connective engagement that was needed to spur such socio-political movement.
Interactive programmes on private radio stations in Ghana: An avenue for impoliteness
Authors: Thompson Rachel Akusika , Anderson Jemima Asabea 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study aims at showing the impoliteness strategies employed during some radio interactions. The data used here are mainly recordings of the morning shows of some private radio stations in Ghana. We establish that all the recorded utterances have some features that correspond with at least one of Culpeper’s (1996, 2005) impoliteness strategies, which are bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, off-record impoliteness and withhold politeness. However, many of the participants prefer the use of the on-record strategies to the off-record strategies of impoliteness. We therefore assert that many participants in interactive radio programmes in Ghana prefer to convey messages to their addressees in a more direct and unrestrained manner, with little or no attention to their (addressees’) face needs. These participants attack the faces of more powerful people not only to demean their social status but also to demand quicker results and gain some psychological relief.
Framing corruption narratives in Zimbabwe: A critical review of the Zimdef corruption scandal as portrayed in Zimbabwean newspapers
Authors: Makombe Rodwell 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In the modern world, the media has become an important tool for shaping public discourse. Although it is not clear to what extent public opinion is shaped by media frames, there is no doubt that the media plays an important role in providing information to the public and influencing the way in which reality is perceived. This article critically analyses the framing of corruption narratives in Zimbabwean newspapers through the prism of framing theory. Scholars have long established that news disseminated by the media is not necessarily neutral information but frames and/or ideological perspectives of news organizations and/or journalists. When news organizations report news, they do so from a certain perspective, guided by the policies and interests of the media organization and its sponsors. Post-2000 Zimbabwe has faced an unprecedented economic/political crisis that has arguably created a conducive atmosphere for corruption. This article focuses on the Zimbabwe Manpower Development Fund (Zimdef) corruption scandal of 2016 in which the then Minister of Higher and Tertiary Education, Professor Jonathan Moyo, was implicated. The objective is, first, to determine how corruption is framed in Zimbabwean newspapers, and second to critically analyse the different frames of the Zimdef corruption scandal as presented by selected newspapers. The results of the analysis show that newspapers in Zimbabwe frame corruption as a moral issue with economic consequences and suspects of corruption are often framed as morally bankrupt criminals.