bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crocin, a natural molecule with potentially beneficial effects against skin ageing
Authors: Fagot D. , Pham D. M. , Laboureau J. , Planel E. , Guerin L. , Nègre C. , Donovan M. , Bernard B. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveOxidative stress and low‐grade chronic inflammation stand out as key features of physiological skin ageing. The aim of this study was to examine in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) grown in vitro, the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of crocin, a carotenoid glycoside responsible for the colour of saffron. Moreover, considering the newly emerging field of skin glycobiology and the presence of two gentiobiosyl moieties in crocin, the effect of crocin on NHEK glycosylation pathways was for the first time investigated.MethodsThe anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant activities of crocin were evaluated by in vitro assays of antioxidation activities, ELISA and microarray analysis. The effect of crocin on keratinocyte glycobiology was evaluated by proprietary GLYcoDiag lectin technologies and microarray analysis.ResultsCrocin is endowed with antioxidant potential against reactive oxygen species, protects squalene against UVA‐induced peroxidation and prevents the release of inflammatory mediators. The expression of NF‐kB‐related genes and glycosylation‐related genes is modulated in the presence of crocin.ConclusionResults could designate this molecule as a promising skin ageing prevention cosmetic agent. Of note, some of these effects could be mediated by protein O‐glycosylation and interaction of crocin with osidic receptors of keratinocytes.
PRODUCT CHOICE UNDER GOVERNMENT REGULATION: THE CASE OF CHILE'S PRIVATIZED PENSION SYSTEM
Authors: Krasnokutskaya Elena , Li Yiyang , Todd Petra E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChile's individual retirement pension accounts system has been a model for many countries. To limit the riskiness of pension investments, Chile required pension fund managers to deliver returns that are not more than 2% below the industry average. We develop and estimate a model of the pension investment market that allows us to study the impact of minimum return regulation. We find that the regulation leads to higher demand for risky investments, creates incentives to offer riskier portfolios, and leads to higher management fees. However, the regulation also stimulates balance accumulation that ultimately reduces the reliance on government support.
Effect of protease inhibitors on proteolytic degradation of rohu (Labeo rohita) gel
Authors: Sutloet Phatthira , Sompongse Warangkana , Morioka Katsuji 
Published: June 2018

SummaryEndogenous proteases are responsible for gel weakening of fish muscle protein. We investigated inhibitory effect of four selected protease inhibitors: soya bean trypsin inhibitor, leupeptin, E64 and EDTA, to identify the protease groups responsible for gel degradation in both unwashed and washed rohu (Labeo rohita) gel. The protease inhibitory activity was determined by percentage inhibition and SDS‐PAGE pattern. Leupeptin and E64 showed a strong inhibition on the autolysis of unwashed gel, and myosin heavy chain (MHC) band was recovered by the addition of them. The results suggested that cysteine protease was the major endogenous protease involved in the autolysis. In the case of the washed gel, leupeptin and soya bean trypsin inhibitor were shown to have a strong inhibitory effect. Also, the addition of these inhibitors increased the intensity of the MHC band. The results implied that serine protease played an important role in the degradation of the gel network.
IRF1 supports DNA binding of STAT1 by promoting its phosphorylation
Authors: Zenke Kosuke , Muroi Masashi , Tanamoto Ken‐ichi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), a pivotal transcription factor in Janus kinase (JAK)–STAT signaling, regulates the expression of a wide range of immune‐related genes, including interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). In this study, we found that IRF1 could induce STAT1 phosphorylation and in turn STAT1 activation. When IRF1 was transiently expressed in HEK293 cells, STAT1 phosphorylated at Y701, dimerized and bound to an oligonucleotide containing a gamma‐activated sequence (GAS) derived from the IRF1 promoter. IRF1 expression also induced GAS‐dependent promoter reporter activity, and phosphorylation of JAK1, a kinase upstream of STAT1. Although no direct interaction between IRF1 and STAT1 was observed, the transactivation domain of IRF1 was required for IRF1‐mediated STAT1 activation, indicating the involvement of gene product(s) regulated by IRF1. Moreover, supernatants from cells expressing IRF1 induced phosphorylation of STAT1 and JAK1, and subsequent GAS binding by STAT1 that could not be blocked by treatment with antibodies against IFN‐β or IFN‐γ. IFN‐γ‐induced STAT1 phosphorylation persisted for up to 30 h following stimulation of HEK293, but declined in IRF1‐deficient HEK293 cells. IRF1‐promoter activity induced by IFN‐γ was also reduced in IRF1‐deficient HEK293 cells, which could be rescued by complementation with IRF1. Together these results indicate that IRF1 promotes DNA binding of STAT1, which can in turn participate in a positive feedback loop of JAK–STAT signaling.
The microbiome of translocated bacterial populations in patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kiely Christopher J. , Pavli Paul , O'Brien Claire L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundUsing culture‐based methods, bacterial translocation from the gut to draining mesenteric lymph nodes is seen in 5% of normal controls and up to 33% of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Many bacteria cannot be cultured, so these methods are unable to capture the full spectrum of bacteria present.AimsTo detect viable bacteria in lymph nodes of patients with IBD and non‐IBD controls using bacterial RNA as a surrogate for viability and to compare them with the same patient's gut microbiome.MethodsBacterial RNA was extracted from lymph nodes and mucosa of 20 patients who had undergone intestinal resection (10 IBD, 10 non‐IBD). A previous study had detected bacterial DNA in these patients’ lymph nodes; 16S rRNA gene high‐throughput sequencing was performed.ResultsBacterial RNA was detected in the lymph nodes of five patients with IBD and three controls (volvulus, diverticulitis and bowel obstruction). Lymph nodes had higher alpha (within sample) diversity compared to mucosal samples (Shannon diversity index 2.41 vs 1.81, one‐way ANOVA P = 0.035). Beta diversity (inter‐sample variation: lymph node vs intestine) was similar within individuals and did not differ between groups. Common gene polymorphisms linked with IBD (NOD2, ATG16L1, IRGM and IL23R) were not associated with bacterial translocation.ConclusionsMetabolically active bacteria mirroring the individual's gut microbiome were commonly found in the lymph nodes of patients with IBD undergoing resection. An increase in lymph node alpha diversity is likely due to the larger drainage area. The presence of viable bacteria in non‐IBD controls is also not unexpected given the underlying pathology in these patients.
The interaction between invariant Natural Killer T cells and the mucosal microbiota
Authors: Hapil Fatma Zehra , Wingender Gerhard 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe surface of mammalian bodies is colonized by a multitude of microbial organisms, which under normal conditions support the host and are considered beneficial commensals. This requires, however, that the composition of the commensal microbiota is tightly controlled and regulated. The host immune system plays an important role in the maintenance of this microbiota composition. Here we focus on the contribution of one particular immune cell type, invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells, in this process. The iNKT cells are a unique subset of T cells characterized by two main features. First, they express an invariant T‐cell receptor that recognizes glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d, a non‐polymorphic major histocompatibility complex class I‐like molecule. Second, iNKT cells develop as effector/memory cells and swiftly exert effector functions, like cytokine production and cytotoxicity, after activation. We outline the influence that the mucosal microbiota can have on iNKT cells, and how iNKT cells contribute to the maintenance of the microbiota composition.
Cosmopolitan Justice and Criminal States
Authors: Pasternak Avia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCécile Fabre's monumental work Cosmopolitan Peace offers a thorough investigation of the responsibilities that agents incur through their involvement in armed conflict. However, her analysis fails to acknowledge the central role that states play in initiating and orchestrating acts of war. I argue that states are corporate moral agents, who are morally responsible for their own wrongdoings during an unjust war, and that this argument is compatible with Fabre's cosmopolitan premises. I then suggest that a systematic account of criminal liability in the aftermath of a war should acknowledge the role that states play in orchestrating wars and committing war crimes.
Arrhythmic outcome of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy patients without implantable defibrillators
Authors: Wang Weijia , Cadrin‐Tourigny Julia , Bhonsale Aditya , Tichnell Crystal , Murray Brittney , Monfredi Oliver , Chrispin Jonathan , Crosson Jane , Tandri Harikrishna , James Cynthia A. , Calkins Hugh 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundImplantable defibrillators (ICD) are an important therapy for arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients at high risk of sudden death. Given the high appropriate ICD therapy rate, some have argued that the mere act of implanting an ICD inflates the malignant arrhythmia rate in ARVC.ObjectiveTo report the arrhythmic course of ARVC patients without ICDs at the fulfillment of the 2010 Task Force Criteria and explore predictors of malignant ventricular arrhythmias.MethodsWe included 131 definite ARVC patients (age 32 ± 15 years, male 39%, proband 50%) either without ICDs (N = 47) or receiving an ICD at least 6 months after the fulfillment of the diagnostic criteria. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac arrest (both resuscitated successfully and unsuccessfully) and sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias (cycle length< 600 milliseconds, at least 30 seconds or requiring an intervention for termination).ResultsAt the fulfillment of the diagnostic criteria, ICDs were not recommended to 59 (45%) patients and declined by 22 (17%) patients. Forty (31%) patients were not recognized as having ARVC by the treating physicians. Over 8 (interquartile interval: 3–12) years, 38 (29%) patients had primary outcomes (8 cardiac arrests [3 died] and 30 sustained ventricular arrhythmias) while not having ICDs. The 1‐year and 5‐year event‐free survival was 92% and 72%. Spontaneous sustained ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac syncope, men, proband, and inducibility in electrophysiology study were significantly associated with the primary outcome.ConclusionIn a contemporary cohort, a considerable risk of malignant arrhythmias existed in ARVC when ICDs were not implanted.
Hypertension, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary care physicians in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Authors: Myanganbayar Maral , Baatarsuren Uurtsaikh , Chen Guanmin , Bosurgi Roberta , So Geoffrey , Campbell Norm R.C. , Erdenebileg Nasantogtokh , Ganbaatar Khulan , Magsarjav Purevjargal , Batsukh Manduukhai , Munkherdene Tsatsralgerel , Unurjargal Tsolmon , Dashtseren Myagmartseren , Tserengombo Namkhaidorj , Batsukh Batbold , Bungert Andreas , Dashdorj Naranbaatar , Dashdorj Naranjargal 
Published: June 2018

We examined the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary care doctors in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia using a recently developed World Hypertension League survey. The survey was administered as part of a quality assurance initiative to enhance hypertension control. A total of 577 surveys were distributed and 467 were completed (81% response rate). The respondents had an average age of 35 years and 90.1% were female. Knowledge of hypertension epidemiology was low (13.5% of questions answered correctly); 31% of clinical practice questions had correct answers and confidence in performing specific tasks to improve hypertension control had 63.2% “desirable/correct” answers. Primary care doctors mostly had a positive attitude toward hypertension management (76.5% desirable/correct answers) and highly prioritized hypertension management activities (85.7% desirable/correct answers). Some important highlights included the majority (> 80%) overestimating hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates; 78.2% used aneroid blood pressure manometers; 15% systematically screened adults for hypertension in their clinics; 21.8% reported 2 or more drugs were required to control hypertension in most people; and 16.1% reported most people could be controlled by lifestyle changes alone. 55% of respondents were not comfortable prescribing more than 1 or 2 antihypertensive drugs in a patient and the percentage of desirable/correct responses to treating various high‐risk patients was low. Most (53%‐74%) supported task shifting to nonphysician health care providers except for drug prescribing, which only 13.9% supported. A hypertension clinical education program is currently being designed based on the specific needs identified in the survey.
Cutibacterium acnes (Propionibacterium acnes) and acne vulgaris: a brief look at the latest updates
Authors: Dréno B. , Pécastaings S. , Corvec S. , Veraldi S. , Khammari A. , Roques C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWhile the commensal bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is involved in the maintenance of a healthy skin, it can also act as an opportunistic pathogen in acne vulgaris. The latest findings on P. acnes shed light on the critical role of a tight equilibrium between members of its phylotypes and within the skin microbiota in the development of this skin disease. Indeed, contrary to what was previously thought, proliferation of P. acnes is not the trigger of acne as patients with acne do not harbour more P. acnes in follicles than normal individuals. Instead, the loss of the skin microbial diversity together with the activation of the innate immunity might lead to this chronic inflammatory condition. This review provides results of the most recent biochemical and genomic investigations that led to the new taxonomic classification of P. acnes renamed Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), and to the better characterisation of its phylogenetic cluster groups. Moreover, the latest data on the role of C. acnes and its different phylotypes in acne are presented, providing an overview of the factors that could participate in the virulence and in the antimicrobial resistance of acne‐associated strains. Overall, this emerging key information offers new perspectives in the treatment of acne, with future innovative strategies focusing on C. acnes biofilms and/or on its acne‐associated phylotypes.
Health literacy of the baby boomer generation and the implications for nursing
Authors: Harbour Peta , Grealish Laurie 
Published: June 2018

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the health literacy of the baby boomer generation and what this means for nursing care.BackgroundNurses are encouraged to tailor information and education to the individual's level of understanding or health literacy but there may be generational differences in health literacy due to historical, social, and economic contexts. The baby boomer generation, people born between 1946 and 1966, are projected to be high users of health services as they age, therefore nurses’ understanding of their health literacy characteristics is important.DesignIntegrative literature review.MethodsDatabase and manual searching for articles occurred in July 2017. Four articles met the criteria. Data were extracted and tabulated, and methodological‐quality was assessed.ResultsThree categories of relevance emerged from the analysis of study findings: social demographics may predict health literacy, navigation of the health care system is challenging with low health literacy, and mechanisms to translate information into action remain unclear.ConclusionsAlthough there is limited evidence to guide practice in regard to health literacy for the baby boomer generation, the emergence of the internet may confound nursing assessment of literacy: people from the baby boomer generation may appear to have higher literacy than they actually possess.Relevance to clinical practiceSociodemographic information may be used for initial screening for health literacy. Creative questions are recommended to overcome possible stigma associated with individual awareness of low literacy. The mechanisms for translating information into action require further investigation.
Nursing home resident relationship types: What supports close relationships with peers & staff?
Authors: Roberts Tonya J 
Published: June 2018

Aims and objectivesTo describe from the nursing home resident perspective (a) the types and dimensions of relationships residents develop with others in the nursing home and (b) the conditions that influence the development of close relationships.BackgroundClose relationships are considered the fundamental building block of person‐centred care. Prior studies have examined the various types of relationships residents develop with peers and staff, but few have focused specifically on articulating the characteristics and dimensions of a close relationship or the factors that can support or detract from their development.DesignGrounded theory.MethodsFifteen cognitively intact residents from two nursing homes were recruited for one‐on‐one, unstructured interviews. Interview questions started broadly and became more focused as the study progressed. Data were analysed using open, axial and selective coding.ResultsResidents described developing a range of relationships with peers and staff (adversarial, utilitarian, and friendly). Residents used “friendly” to describe many different types of relationships including acquaintanceships, casual friendships and close friendships. Few residents had close relationships with peers or staff. Several conditions promoted development of positive and friendly relationships. Physical proximity and access to peers with similar interests, who could communicate clearly, fostered friendly peer relationships. Spending noncare time, providing little extras, treating residents as special and responding positively to care requests fostered friendly staff relationships.ConclusionsFindings add new evidence regarding nuances in resident relationships and demonstrate how development of close relationships may be limited in practice. Careful assessment of resident relationship needs and goals may be critical to setting appropriate social goals.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses can be intentional about resident placements in the facility to promote social interactions and keep social goals in mind when making medical or staffing decisions to prevent interruption of important relationships.
Understanding the contemporary role of the intellectual disability nurse: A review of the literature
Authors: Jaques Hayden , Lewis Peter , O'Reilly Kate , Wiese Michele , Wilson Nathan J 
Published: June 2018

Aims and objectivesTo identify the specialist role/s that nurses perform and the specialist skills that nurses use when caring for people with intellectual disability.MethodsAdhering to the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses: The PRISMA Statement,” various subject headings were used to systematically search six electronic databases for articles published in English between 2000 and 2017. A total of 27 articles were reviewed.ResultsThe literature demonstrates that similarities exist between the physical care delivered to people with intellectual disability and that delivered to people without intellectual disability. However, skills in the areas of communication, advocacy and person‐centred care differ between these two groups.DiscussionOur findings suggest that the skill set of the specialist intellectual disability nurse is not uniquely technical but it is uniquely relational that incorporate increased patience and resilience when developing relationships with the people they care for.ConclusionThis review has provided insights into the main differences in the skills required when working with people with intellectual disability compared to working with those without. However, minimal literature was identified that adequately describes what is unique about the performance of the role of specialised intellectual disability nurses—especially in Australia.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the skills required of nurses caring for people with intellectual disability provides the opportunity for more nurses to develop these specialised relational skills and for this branch of nursing to attract professional recognition that is currently limited.
Envisioning successful teamwork: An exploratory qualitative study of team processes used by nursing teams in a paediatric hospital unit
Authors: Whitehair Leeann , Hurley John , Provost Steve 
Published: June 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore how team processes support nursing teams in hospital units during every day work.BackgroundDue to their close proximity to patients, nurses are central to the process of maintaining patient safety. Globally, changes in models of care delivery by nurses, inclusive of team nursing are being considered.Design and methodsThis qualitative study used purposive sampling in a single hospital and participants were nurses employed to work on a paediatric unit. Data were collected using nonparticipant observation. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and code data to create themes.ResultsThree clear themes emerged. Theme 1: “We are a close knit team”; Behaviours building a successful team – outlines expectations regarding how members are to behave when establishing, nurturing and managing a team. Theme 2: “Onto it”; Ways of interacting with each other – Identifies the expected pattern of relating within the team which contribute to shared understanding and actions. Theme 3: “No point in second guessing”; Maintaining a global view of the unit – focuses on the processes for monitoring and reporting signals that team performance is on course or breaking down and includes accepting responsibility to lead the team and team members having a widespread sensitivity to what needs to happen.ConclusionEssential to successful teamwork is the interplay and mutuality of team members and team leaders.Relevance to clinical practiceLeadership behaviours exhibited in this study provide useful insights to how informal and shared or distributed leadership of teams may be achieved. Without buy‐in from team members, teams may not achieve successful desired outcomes. It is not sufficient for teams to rely on current successful outcomes, as they need to be on the look‐out for new ways to ensure that they can anticipate possible risks or threats to the team before harm is done.