bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondhand Smoke Induces Inflammation and Impairs Immunity to Respiratory Infections
Authors: Bhat Tariq A. , Kalathil Suresh Gopi , Bogner Paul N. , Miller Austin , Lehmann Paul V. , Thatcher Thomas H. , Phipps Richard P. , Sime Patricia J. , Thanavala Yasmin 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Despite advocacy to reduce smoking-related diseases, &gt;1 billion people worldwide continue to smoke. Smoking is immunosuppressive and an important etiological factor in the development of several human disorders including respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, there is a critical gap in the knowledge of the role of secondhand smoke (SHS) in inflammation and immunity. We therefore studied the influence of SHS on pulmonary inflammation and immune responses to respiratory infection by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) recurrently found in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Chronic SHS-exposed mice were chronically infected with NTHI and pulmonary inflammation was evaluated by histology. Immune cell numbers and cytokines were measured by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Chronic SHS exposure impaired NTHI P6 Ag-specific B and T cell responses following chronic NTHI infection as measured by ELISPOT assays, reduced the production of Abs in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, and enhanced albumin leak into the bronchoalveolar lavage as determined by ELISA. Histopathological examination of lungs revealed lymphocytic accumulation surrounding airways and bronchovasculature following chronic SHS exposure and chronic infection. Chronic SHS exposure enhanced the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the lungs, and impaired the generation of adaptive immunity following either chronic infection or P6 vaccination. Chronic SHS exposure diminished bacterial clearance from the lungs after acute NTHI challenge, whereas P6 vaccination improved clearance equivalent to the level seen in air-exposed, non-vaccinated mice. Our study provides unequivocal evidence that SHS exposure has long-term detrimental effects on the pulmonary inflammatory microenvironment and immunity to infection and vaccination.
Dentition Status and Treatment Needs among Women involved in Sex Work as a Profession in the Red Light District of Pune, Maharashtra, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Khan Rehan , Muralidharan Shrikanth , Sevekari Tejaswi , Margabandhu Shanthi , Rupawat Divya , Desale Mandakini 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe overall rehabilitation of women in sex work is unfortunately limited most of the time only to moving them to another profession, but it should be focused on including health as an important factor. Factors that restrict regular dental care include misconceptions, dental fear and expense of dental care, unpleasant dental experiences, and socioeconomic factors, but such a direct correlation cannot be made in the case of such women. Until now, no study has been conducted related to the complete dentition status and treatment needs of women in sex work.AimThe aim of our survey was to evaluate the dentition status and treatment needs among the brothel-based women engaged in sex work.Materials and methodsA pilot study was conducted on 30 women and the final sample size was estimated to be 350. All the women were above 18 years old. Systematic random sampling method was followed after line listing of the brothels. The dentition status and treatment needs were recorded using the World Health Organization assessment form, 1997. The data collected were tabulated and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 16.0. The Chi-squared test was carried out to check the association, and all p-values below 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.ResultsThe mean number of decayed teeth per person was 5.05 (±4.81), missing teeth per person was 0.96 ± 2.71, filled teeth per person was 0.04 (±0.34), and the mean of decayed missing filled permanent teeth per person was 6.05 (±5.84). There was a significant association between dental caries and age, using finger to clean the teeth, and not visiting the dentist.Clinical significanceDue to different risk factors, such as diet, improper oral hygiene maintenance, and substance abuse, the overall dental health was found to be compromised in this population. Economic burden is an important factor that influences their attitude toward oral health and is likely to be inherited by their next generation also.How to cite this articleMuralidharan S, Acharya AK, Sevekari T, Margabandhu S, Rupawat D, Khan R, Desale M. Dentition Status and Treatment Needs among Women involved in Sex Work as a Profession in the Red Light District of Pune, Maharashtra, India: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):269-272.
Does Erbium:Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser to Enamel improve the Performance of Etch-and-rinse and Universal Adhesives?
Authors: de Jesus Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo , Torres Carlos RG , Firoozmand Leily M , Rodrigues Lorrany LC , Diniz Ana C , Lage Lucas M 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Aim
This study aims to evaluate the effect of erbium: Yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on the enamel microshear bond strength (µSBS), followed by the utilization of etch-and-rinse and universal adhesive systems.

Materials and methods
A total of 32 molars were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction producing 64 samples that were randomized into two groups (n = 32): single bond 2 (SB2) (etch-and-rinse system; 3M), SB universal (SBU) (universal etching system; The SB2 and SBU groups were then divided into two subgroups (n = 16): (i) enamel was irradiated with an Er:YAG laser (λ = 2.94 μm, 60 mJ, 10 Hz), and (ii) enamel served as a control. The samples were restored with TPH3 (Dentsply), stored in artificial saliva for 24 hours, and subjected to a microshear test.

Results
Kruskal–Wallis (p < 0.05) and Mann–Whitney U tests indicated no significant differences in μSBS between the groups, and the fractures were predominately at the resin–enamel interface.

Conclusion
The previous irradiation of enamel with Er:YAG laser does not interfere with the performance of simplified two-step etch-and-rinse and universal adhesive systems.

Clinical significance
The increasing use of Er:YAG laser is important to evaluate the influence of this irradiation on the adhesion of restorative materials. Thus, to obtain the longevity of the restorative procedures, it is necessary to know the result of the association of the present adhesive systems to the irradiated substrate.

How to cite this article
De Jesus Tavarez RR, Rodrigues LLC, Diniz AC, Lage LM, Torres CRG, Bandeca MC, Firoozmand LM. Does Erbium:Yttrium–Aluminum–Garnet Laser to Enamel improve the Performance of Etch-and-rinse and Universal Adhesives? J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):278-282.
Evaluation of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cements, and Composite as a Coronal Barrier: An in vitro Microbiological Study
Authors: Shinde Sachin V , Rashmi Nagaraj , Moiz Ahmed A , Vyas Tarun , Guram Guneet 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
Aim
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the bacterial microleakage of three different materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and flowable composite, as a coronal barrier against Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 human extracted single-rooted teeth were selected. Access opening done, working length determined, and canals were cleaned and shaped with ProTaper F3 and obturated with AH26 and gutta-percha (GP) using lateral condensation technique. Samples were divided into three experimental and two control groups. Approximately 3 mm GP was removed from the coronal orifice and restored with one of the test materials. Teeth were suspended in glass tubes containing brain heart infusion (BHI) broth and equipped with microcaps, which were used to check bacterial leakage. A 24-hour broth of E. faecalis was placed in the pulp chamber. Tubes were incubated and checked for turbidity for 90 days. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test between the test and control groups and Fisher test between the test groups.

Results
Significantly lesser number of samples turned turbid in the RMGIC group followed by MTA group and the maximum number of samples turned turbid in the flowable composite group.

Conclusion
The RMGIC is a better coronal sealer, followed by MTA and flowable composite.

Clinical significance
Coronal sealing ability of RMGIC is more promising in comparison with the other agents.

How to cite this article
Rashmi N, Shinde SV, Moiz AA, Vyas T, Shaik JA, Guram G. Evaluation of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cements, and Composite as a Coronal Barrier: An in vitro Microbiological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):292-295.
Studying at UCL Institute of Archaeology: Past and Present
Authors: Frearson Charlotte , French Jennifer C. 
Published: March 2018

Ranked in the top 5 in the UK for archaeology, for the 11th year in a row, in The Guardian University Guide League Tables.
Ranked in the top five for student satisfaction in The Complete University Guide 2018 League Table of UK archaeology departments (published in May 2017).
Twitter: @UCLarchaeology

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UCLArchaeology_

Instagram: ucl_archaeology
Yeni Tanı Almış Metformin Kullanan Tip 2 Diyabetes Mellituslu Hastalarda Serum İrisin Seviyelerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Şahin Elif , Altay Diler Us 
Published: March 2018

Amaç:İrisin enerji metabolizması yollarının düzenlenmesinde
rol alan ve Tip 2 diyabet(T2DM)’li kişilerde kandaki miktarı azalan bir
hormondur. Metformin de yakıt ve enerji metabolizmasını etkileyen ve Tip 2
diyabet tedavisinde çok yaygın olarak kullanılan bir ilaçtır. Bu bilgilerden
hareketle bu çalışmada, metformin kullanımının serum irisin seviyesi üzerine
etkisinin aydınlatılması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntemler:Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları Bilim
Dalı' na başvuran ve OGTT sonucu glukoztoleransının bozulmuş olduğu belirlenen
20 kişi çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Egzersiz ve beslenme gibi hayat tarzlarında
değişiklik ve metformin kullanılması tavsiye edilen bu kişilerden 1 aylık
dönemin ardından tekrar kan alınmıştır. Ayrıca, hasta grubuyla yaş ve cinsiyet
olarak eşleşen sağlıklı kişilerden oluşan bir kontrol grubu oluşturulmuş (n=20
), bu iki gruptan alınan kan örneklerindeki irisinseviyeleri ELISA metoduyla
ölçülmüştürBulgular:Hasta grubunun tedavi öncesi kan örneklerindeki
irisin seviyeleri ile bir ay boyunca tavsiye edilen tedavileri sonrası alınan
kan örneklerindeki irisin seviyeleri arasında önemli bir farklılık olmadığı
gözlemlenmiştir (p=0.780). Kontrol grubuyla tedavi gören grup arasında da
benzer bir sonuç elde edilirken (p=0.170), kontrol grubuyla hasta grubunun
tedavi öncesi örneklerindeki irisin miktarları karşılaştırıldığında, kontrol
grubunun serum irisin değerinin anlamlı derecede daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur
(p=0.002).Sonuç:Sonuç olarak, hayat tarzının değiştirilerek alınan
metforminin T2DM’li hastaların kanlarındaki irisin seviyesini değiştirip,
değiştirmediği konusunda net bir kanaate varılamamıştır.
The fatigue perception and its role in patient management
Authors: Yurtsever Ceyhun , Set Turan , Ateş Elif 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
Fatigue is one of the most common complaints in primary care. Patients' fatigue
perceptions may be very different from each other. We aimed to determine the
fatigue perception and its relationship with fatigue severity, sociodemographic
characteristics, history, physical examination and laboratory findings in
patients with complaints of fatigue.Methods:
This study was carried out as a cross-sectional study in a tertiary family
medicine clinic between June 2016 and June 2017. All patients aged 18 years and
over who were complaining of fatigue for at least 1 month were invited to
study. Fatigue perceptions of volunteers who agreed to participate in the study
(n = 116) were evaluated with a structured form prepared by researchers.
Fatigue severity was measured using Fatigue Severity Scale and Checklist
Individual Strength surveys. Patients’ records including history, physical
examination and laboratory results were included in the study.Results:
The mean age of participants was 29.5 ± 9.8 years and 87.9% were female. We
asked patients “what do they mean by fatigue?” and “what fatigue complaints
contain?”. Tiredness, lack of energy and sleeplessness - somnolence - desire to
sleep were the most common answers. Expression that had the highest score from
the fatigue severity scales was the needle hurt sensation for all body. In
patients’ records, the most common findings in patients with fatigue were
vitamin D deficiency (84.5%), sleeping problem (72.8%) and depression (69%).
When the relationship between fatigue perceptions and possible etiologic
factors was examined, it was observed that most of them were related with the
depression risk. As a result, it was observed that seven different findings
affected nineteen different fatigue perceptions.Conclusion:
In this study, fatigue perception has been shown to be as important as other
features. The physicians should investigate its content and try to understand
the patient.
Combination of Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 and Prostate-Specific Antigen Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in Men at Risk of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cao Liyun , Lee Chi Hyun , Ning Jing , Handy Beverly C. , Wagar Elizabeth A. , Meng Qing H. 
Published: March 2018

Context.—
Prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) is a noncoding RNA that is highly overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue and excreted in urine in patients with PCa.

Objective.—
To assess the clinical utility of urinary PCA3 in men at risk of PCa.

Design.—
We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 271 men (median age, 63 years) with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and/or strong family history, and/or abnormal digital rectal examination findings. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV), positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR−), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) were evaluated.

Results.—
PCA3 score was a significant predictor of prostate biopsy outcome (P &lt; .001). A PCA3 score of 30 was the optimal cutoff for our study cohort, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 72.7%, specificity of 67.5%, PPV of 47.1%, NPV of 86.2%, LR+ of 2.24, LR− of 0.40, and DOR of 5.55. At this cutoff score, the PCA3 assay could avoid 57.4% of unnecessary invasive biopsies in the overall study cohort and 70.3% in the subgroup with PSA level in the “gray zone” (4–10 ng/mL). A logistic regression algorithm combining PCA3 with PSA increased the AUC from 0.571 for PSA-only to 0.729 (P &lt; .001). The logistic combined marker gained the ability to discriminate low-grade from high-grade cancers.

Conclusions.—
Our data suggest that PCA3 improves the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PSA and that the combination of PCA3 with PSA gives better overall performance in identification of PCa than serum PSA alone in the high-risk population.
Hair cortisol concentrations in New Zealand white rabbits subjected to surgery
Authors: Peric T , Comin A , Corazzin M , Montillo M , Canavese F , Stebel M , Prandi A 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess hair cortisol concentrations in New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that were subjected to relocation and surgery to evaluate HPA-axis activity; in addition, we used this marker of cortisol secretion to evaluate the allostatic load of animals undergoing surgery. After a period of acclimatisation, which lasted 40 days from their arrival at the enclosure, 19 rabbits were subjected to T1-T12 dorsal arthrodesis (RS), 19 were sham-operated (SS), and 19 were non-operated (CON). Hair samples were collected at the time of arrival (ST1) at the animal facility, and seven other sets of hair samples were collected at 40-day intervals from the same area of skin for a period of 240 days as re-shaved hair (anagen phase): immediately before surgery (ST2) and after the surgery (ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6, ST7, and ST8). The transition from the rabbitry to the animal breeding facility led to a significant increase in cortisol concentration (ST2) in all of the groups. At ST3, the RS group presented higher cortisol concentrations than those of the SS group and the CON group. At ST4, the experimental groups showed similar values that remained constant until ST8. The results show that the management of rabbits undergoing surgery should be evaluated very carefully, and hair cortisol concentrations may provide a means of avoiding the dangerous cumulative effects of additional stressors close to surgery.
Impact of Nutritional Intake on Function in People with Mild-to-Moderate Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Bromley Lacey , Horvath Peter J. , Bennett Susan E. , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Ray Andrew D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background:
We sought to assess the associations between nutrition and ambulation, daily activity, quality of life (QOL), and fatigue in individuals with mild-to-moderate disability with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:
This cross-sectional pilot study included 20 ambulatory adult volunteers with MS (14 women and 6 men; mean ± SD age, 57.9 ± 10.2 years; mean ± SD Expanded Disability Status Scale score = 4.1 ± 1.8). Primary outcome variables included dietary assessment and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Secondary measures included the Timed 25-Foot Walk test, Timed Up and Go test, daily activity, and three self-report questionnaires: the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale, the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale.

Results:
Significant correlations were seen between the percentage of diet comprising fats and the 6MWT (r = 0.51, P = .02) and the physical functioning component of the SF-36 (r = 0.47, P = .03). The percentage of carbohydrates was significantly correlated with the 6MWT (r = −0.43, P = .05), daily activity (r = −0.59, P = .005), and the physical functioning component of the SF-36 (r = −0.47, P = .03). Cholesterol, folate, iron, and magnesium were significantly positively correlated with the physical functioning component of the SF-36 and the 6MWT.

Conclusions:
These findings indicate better ambulation, daily function, and QOL with increased fat intake, decreased carbohydrate intake, and increased intake of the micronutrients cholesterol, folate, iron, and magnesium in people with mild-to-moderate MS. This pilot study highlights the potential impact of diet on function and QOL in MS.
Cost Recovery Rate Tarif Rumah Sakit dan Tarif INA-CBG’s Berdasarkan Clinical Pathway pada Penyakit Arteri Koroner di RS Pemerintah A di Palembang Tahun 2015
Authors: Mardiah Mardiah , Rivany Ronnie 
Published: March 2018

AbstrakAdanya selisih negatif pada kasus Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) pada tindakan Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), mengindikasikan pembiayaan kesehatan masih terdapat kesenjangan antara tarif rumah sakit dengan tarif INA-CBG’s. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan cost recovery rate (CRR) tarif INA-CBG’s dan tarif rumah sakit kasus CAD dengan PCI di RS A Palembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berdasarkan cost of treatment berbasis clinical pathways pada severity level I CRR RS berada diatas CRR tarif INA-CBG’s, sedangkan pada severity level II CRR RS lebih rendah dari CRR tarif INA-CBG’s. Pada severity level III CRR tarif INA-CBG’s dengan utilisasi stent 1 dan 2 lebih tinggi dari CRR RS. Tarif INACBGs tidak memperhitungkan jumlah stent dalam setiap tindakan PCI. Perlu evaluasi metode penghitungan tarif INA-CBGs dari hospital base rate ke metode perhitungan cost of treatment berdasarkan clinical pathway, sehingga biaya operasional RS dapat dipenuhi dan tetap mampu berikan pelayanan yang bermutu. AbstractThe difference of cost negative in the case of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), indicate health financing gap between of hospital rates and INA-CBG’s rates. This study aimed to see the difference between the cost recovery rate (CRR) of hospital rates and INA-CBG’s rates for CAD with PCI at A Hospital. The results showed that the cost of treatment based on clinical pathways at the severity level I had a higher CRR Hospital rates compared to INA-CBG’s CRR, whereas at the severity level II, Hospital CRR rate was lower than INA-CBG’s CRR for the utility of less than 2 stents. At severity level III, CRR INA-CBGs’ rates with utilization of 1 and 2 stents performed higher rates than the hospitals CRR. This was related to INA-CBG’s rate that did not take the magnitude of the stentulitizationinto account. It is necessary to improve INA-CBG’s tarif development method from hospital base rate to clinical pathway-based cost of treatment in order to meet hospital operational cost and ensure the best quality of service.
Effects of pH on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Recovered from Diabetic Foot Ulcer Fluid
Authors: McArdle Carla D. , Lagan Katie M. , McDowell David A. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
This study investigated the resistance of bacteria isolated from diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) to antibiotics frequently used in the management of the diabetic foot infections, at a range of pH values (pH 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5) known to exist in DFU wound fluid. This study aimed to determine whether changes (or atypical stasis) in wound fluid pH modulate the antibiotic resistance of DFU isolates, with potential implications in relation to the suppression/eradication of bacterial infections in DFUs.

Methods:
Thirty bacterial isolates were recovered from DFU wound fluid, including Staphylococcus spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The resistances of these isolates to a panel of antibiotics currently used in the treatment of infected or potentially infected DFUs, ie, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, doxycycline, and piperacillin-tazobactam, at the previously mentioned pH values were determined by a modification of the Kirby-Bauer assay.

Results:
The resistance of DFU isolates to clinically relevant antibiotics was significantly affected by the pH levels in DFU wound fluid.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the importance of a more comprehensive understanding of the conditions in DFUs to inform clinical decision making in the selection and application of antibiotics in treating these difficult-to-heal wounds. The scale of the differences in the efficacies of antibiotics at the different pH values examined is likely to be sufficient to suggest reconsideration of the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of DFU infection.