bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and Stress among B.Sc. Nursing First Year Students in a Selected Nursing College at Lekhnath, Pokhara, Nepal
Authors: Silwal M , Gurung R , Gurung A , Sah I , Koirala D , Ojha S 
Published: February 2019

Background: Nursing students are important human resources in the field of health. Detection of potential anxiety and stress among nursing students is crucial since anxiety and stress can lead to low productivity, low quality of life, and suicidal ideas. Identifying factors affecting anxiety and stress in initial period of college among nursing students can help nursing educators to find ways to decrease anxiety and stress.
Objectives: To assess the anxiety and stress among B.Sc. nursing first year students in their initial college life.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used for this study. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Total 13 students (100%) were taken as a sample and standardized Beck anxiety scale and modified scale for academic stress was used to collect data.
Results: The study shows that majority of the students, 8 (61.5%) were in the age of 18 years old, follows Hindu religion, 10 (76.9%) belonged to upper caste, 11 (84.6%) stayed in urban area, 7 (53.8%) had no difficulty in this college. Out of 13, 2 (15.4%) students had moderate anxiety and 11 (84.60%) had low level of anxiety with 1.15 ±0.37 whereas 6 (46%) students had mild stress and 7 (54%) had moderate level of stress with 1.53 ±0.51. There were no significant association of anxiety score and stress score with age, ethnicity, residence, feeling difficulties in the college with p < 0.05; 6 (46%). There was low positive correlation between anxiety and academic stress with rp = 0.395. It was found that the cause of anxiety was due to college environment, seniors ragging, difficult subjects, delay session and can be reduced by stopping seniors ragging, providing transportation, starting session on time, counselling, providing lunch in canteen, friendly environment, free hours for library.
Conclusions: Students who are newly taking admission to nursing profession will have mild form of psychological variation. Students are mainly faced with practical and academic stressors and anxiety. Hence the study strongly suggests that, starting session on time, time management, avoid ragging, student counselling are the most important factors to reduce anxiety and academic stress to the newly admitted students.
Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Medicinal Plants against Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Sakha Hira , Hora Rejila , Shrestha Shilpa , Acharya Shreeya , Dhakal Dinesh , Thapaliya Srijana , Prajapati Kamil 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against human pathogenic bacteria and perform Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of plants extracts.
Methods: Rhizome of Curcuma longa, dried buds of Synzygium aromaticum, seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum and leaves of Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Psidium guajava, Azadirachta indica, and Artemisia vulgaris were collected from hilly regions of Nepal. The plant parts were air-dried at room temperature for several days and grinded to powder form. The ethanolic extracts of medicinal plants were prepared by using the percolation process of extraction using separating funnel and tested against human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method. Then, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts were performed.
Results: All plants extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against bacteria under study. However, extract from S. aromaticum (Clove), P. guajava (Guava) and E. ganitrus (Rudraksh) leaves showed most promising result against Staphylococcus aureus with zone of inhibition of 14mm, 16mm and 16 mm respectively. Likewise, S. aromaticum (Clove), C. longa (Turmeric) and P. guajava (Guava) showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with zone of inhibition of 11mm, 11mm and 10mm respectively. A. vulgaris (Titepati) and A. indica (Neem leaves) showed promising activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with zone of inhibition of 11mm. Z. armatum (Timur) showed good result against E. coli with zone of inhibition 10mm. MIC values of ethanolic extracts of S. aromaticum and E. ganitrus were found to be at the range of 12.5-25mg/ml.
Conclusion: This study has helped to understand the use of these plants as traditional medicine in an economic and safe alternative to treat infectious diseases.
Microbial Profile of Various Catheter Tips among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Shrestha Pushpa Man , Thapa Nisha , Dahal Navraj , Adhikari Nabaraj , Shrestha Upendra Thapa 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the microbiological profile of various catheter tips, and multidrug resistance pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates.
Methods: A descriptive analysis of 263 catheter tip specimens processed for culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out in B&B Hospital, Lalitpur. Five different types of catheter tips were analyzed for microbiological growth and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Results: Among catheter tips, the highest percentage of microbial growth was observed in tracheostomy tip. Monomicrobial growth was recorded in 82.9% catheter tips and polymicrobial growth was observed in 17.1% tip samples. Of 180 isolates, gram negative rods (76.6%) followed by yeast (19.4%) and gram-positive cocci (3.9%) were isolated. Gram negative Acinetobacter spp. (25%) and Pseudomonas spp. (23.3%) and gram-positive Enterococcus spp. (2.2%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. However, carbapenam was the most effective antibiotic for both groups.
Conclusion: Of the total isolates tested, 61.4% were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Among gram negative rods, 22.2% E. coli and 27.3% Klebsiella spp. were confirmed as ESBL producer. It is recommended to apply standard protocol during insertion and removal of catheter which may help in managing nosocomial infection associated with catheters.
Drug Susceptibility Profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated from Patients Visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Nepal
Authors: Dahal S. , Banjara M.R. , Khadka D. , Ghimire G. , Sharma S. 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess drug susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 145 clinically suspected and previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting National Tuberculosis Centre, Bhaktapur, Nepal. After obtaining written informed consent, questionnaire was administered and sputum samples were collected from each patient. Each sample was subjected to Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium at 37ºC for 8 weeks. MTB isolates were identified by growth rate and colony morphology, confirmed by biochemical tests and drug susceptibility testing (DST) of identified isolates was performed by proportion method.
Results: A total of 49.7% (n=72) sputum samples were positive for MTB by culture and 46.9% (n=68) were positive by ZN staining. Among culture positive isolates of MTB (n= 72), 25% (n=18) were resistant to at least one drug. The prevalence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was 15.3% (n=11) of which 5.56% (n=4) were resistant to rifampicin (RIF) only, 1.39% (n= 1) were resistant to isoniazid (INH) only. Out of 18 resistant isolates, 61.1% (n=11) were resistant to both RIF and INH, 21.43% (n=3) resistant to INH were susceptible to RIF and 26.67% (n=4) resistant to RIF were susceptible to INH. Smoking (P=0.001) and coughing (P=0.009) were statistically significant with isolation of MTB.
Conclusion: Since the prevalence of MDR-TB was high, MDR-TB strains should be identified in order to initiate second line treatment.
Poor Quality of Treated Water in Kathmandu: Comparison with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards
Authors: Maharjan Sujan , Joshi Tista Prasai , Shrestha Sujen Man 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: In order to evaluate the quality assurance of drinking water in Kathmandu valley, this study analyzed selected physiochemical and microbial parameters of treated water samples and compared with Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS).
Methods: Treated water samples were collected from all over the Kathmandu valley and analyzed in terms of physicochemical and microbiological parameters over the period of one year from July 2017 to July 2018. The physio-chemical parameters of water samples were performed according to standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The total coliforms were enumerated by standard membrane filtration technique.
Results: We report that microbiological aspect of treated water was the major problem as 66% of the water samples crossed the guideline value for total coliform count. Above 92% of jar water samples, 77% of tanker water samples and 69% of filtered water samples had the total coliform count exceeding the NDWQS. Moreover, 20% of bottled water was contaminated by coliform bacteria. Iron and ammonia content were found to be higher than the guideline values in 16% and 21% of the total treated water samples respectively. Analyzing the types of treated water samples showed that 35% and 15% of tanker water samples had higher ammonia and iron content respectively, and the same parameters were higher in 23% and 19% in the filtered water samples respectively than the standard criteria recommended by NDWQS.
Conclusion: The treated water samples exceed the standard values set by NDWQS and hence had poor quality. The presence of faecal pollution indicating coliform bacteria was the key problem for treated drinking water of Kathmandu valley. Therefore, monitoring and proper treatment of water should be conducted to prevent dissemination of waterborne diseases.
Intestinal Parasitosis among the School Children of Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Dahal Chetana , Katwal Puja , Thapa Anju , Sharma Deepa , Khadka Rama 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: The present study was conducted to determine the intestinal parasitosis among the school children of Kathmandu, Nepal.
Methods: This study was carried out from February 2018 to May 2018. During the study, a total of 194 stool samples were collected from school going children of age above 5 years to below 15 years old and processed in Padma Kanya microbiology laboratory. The detection technique used for the parasites was concentration technique (Formal-ether Sedimentation method) and iodine mount was used for slide preparation. Data were entered into SPSS and analysis was done employing Chi square test.
Result: Among 194 total cases, 12.4% (24/194) children were infected with parasites where female were highly infected (70.8%) and children of age group 9-11 were highly infected (58.3%).Parasitic infection was high in non-vegetarian children (83.3%) than vegetarian, symptomatic cases (66.7%, 16/24) than asymptomatic cases, public school (66.7%, 16/24) compared with private school, higher in children who don’t wash hands with soap before meal (87.5%) than who wash hands before meal and in children not taking anti helminthic drugs (95.8%) than children taking anti-helminthic drugs recently within six months. Further, children using direct tap water for drinking purpose were highly infected than others.
Conclusion: The parasitic infection among school children was found closely related to their health hygiene, sanitary condition, water consumption and other activities.
Duality symmetries behind solutions of the classical simple pendulum
Authors: Linares Romero R. 
Published: February 2019

Describing the motion of the classical simple pendulum is one of the aims in every undergraduate classical mechanics course. Its analytical solutions are given in terms of elliptic functions, which are doubly periodic functions in the complex plane. The independent variable of the solutions is time and it can be considered either as a real variable or as a purely imaginary one, which introduces a rich symmetry structure in the space of solutions. When solutions are written in terms of the Jacobi elliptic functions this symmetry is codified in the functional form of its modulus, and is described mathematically by the six dimensional coset group Γ=Γ(2) where Γ is the modular group and Γ(2) is its congruence subgroup of second level. A discussion of the physical consequences that this symmetry has on the motions of the simple pendulum is presented in this contribution and it is argued they have similar properties to the ones termed as duality symmetries in other areas of physics, such as field theory and string theory. Thus by studying deeper a very familiar mechanical system, it is possible to get an insight to more abstract physical and mathematical concepts. In particular a single solution of pure imaginary time for all allowed values of the total mechanical energy is given and obtained as the S-dual of a single solution of real time, where S stands for the S generator of the modular group.
The retarded potential of a non-homogeneous wave equation: introductory analysis through the Green Functions
Authors: Téllez-Quiñones A. , Valdiviezo-Navarro J. C. , Salazar-Garibay A. , López Caloca A. A. 
Published: February 2019

The retarded potential, a solution of the non-homogeneous wave equation, is a subject of particular interest in many physics and engineering applications. Examples of such applications may be the problem of solving the wave equation involved in the emission and reception of a signal in a synthetic aperture radar (SAR), scattering and backscattering, and general electrodynamics for media free of magnetic charges.However, the construction of this potential solution is based on the theory of distributions, a topic that requires special care and time to be understood with mathematical rigor. Thus, the goal of this study is to provide an introductory analysis, with a medium level of formalism, on the construction of this potential solution and the handling of Green functions represented by sequences of well-behaved approximatingfunctions.
DOSES DE POTÁSSIO PARA O SORGO SACARINO DESTINADO À PRODUÇÃO DE ETANOL
Authors: Bernardes João Victor Silva , Orioli Júnior Valdeci , Charlo Hamilton César de Oliveira , Fernandes Gislaine , Bosco Luiz Paulo Venesiano 
Published: February 2019

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos de doses de K em atributos morfológicos, produtivos e qualitativos do sorgo sacarino. O experimento foi conduzido em campo em Latossolo Vermelho com teor inicial de 0,6 mmolc dm-3 de K. Adotou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1 de K2O) e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se: diâmetro de colmos, altura de plantas, teor de K na folha e no caldo, produção de colmos e de caldo e concentração de açúcar total no caldo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e de regressão polinomial. O fornecimento de K incrementou linearmente o diâmetro do colmo e aumentou a altura de plantas até a dose de 152 kg ha-1 de K2O. O maior diâmetro e altura foi, respectivamente, 18,1 mm e 2,73 m. A adubação potássica não afetou o teor de K nas folhas, mas elevou a produção de colmos até 32.454 kg ha-1 com aplicação de 132 kg ha-1 de K2O. Houve incremento linear na produção de caldo, chegando-se a 7.322 L ha-1. A dose de, aproximadamente, 100 kg ha-1 de K2O proporcionou as maiores concentrações de açúcar total (62,7 mg L-1) e K no caldo (1.144 mg L-1).Palavras-chave: Sorghum bicolor, biocombustível, adubação potássica. POTASSIUM RATES FOR SWEET SORGHUM CULTIVATED FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of K rates on morphological, productive and qualitative attributes of sweet sorghum cultivated for ethanol production. The experiment was conducted in field conditions in a cerrado soil with 0.6 mmolc dm-3 of K. The randomized block design with five treatments (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha-1 of K2O) and four replicate was adopted. The following variables were evaluated: stem diameter, plant height, leaf and juice K content, stem and juice yield, and total sugar concentration in the juice. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and polynomial regression. The K supply linearly increased stem diameter and increased plant height up to the 152 kg ha-1 of K2O rate. The largest diameter and height were, respectively, 18.1 mm and 2.73 m. Potassium fertilization did not affect the leaves K content, but increased stem yield up to 32,454 kg ha-1 with application of 132 kg ha-1of K2O. There was a linear increase in juice yield, reaching 7,322 L ha-1. The rate of approximately 100 kg ha-1 of K2O provided the highest total sugar (62.7 mg L-1) and K concentrations in the juice (1,144 mg L-1).Keywords: Sorghum bicolor, biofuel, potassium fertilization.
ANÁLISE TEMPORAL DA FRAGMENTAÇÃO DA PAISAGEM NO ENTORNO DE FLORESTAS NACIONAIS EM RONDÔNIA
Authors: Leal Fabrício Assis , Santos Filho Francisco Ferreira dos , Leal Glória da Silva Almeida , Almeida Maria Vanalda de Souza , Miguel Eder Pereira 
Published: February 2019

O objetivo foi realizar análise temporal da fragmentação da paisagem no entorno das Florestas Nacionais do Jamari e Bom Futuro, Rondônia. Para delimitar as análises da fragmentação da paisagem foram elaboradas áreas no entorno, denominadas quadrantes (Q), nas duas Flonas: 0 a 10 km (10A, 10B, 10C e 10D) e de 10 a 20 km (20A, 20B, 20C e 20D). As métricas de paisagem adotadas neste trabalho foram: densidade de borda, densidade de mancha e porcentagem ocupada na paisagem. Posteriormente foram elaborados mapas com a distribuição espacial dos quadrantes que apresentaram métricas mais altas. Com a distribuição espacial dos quadrantes foi possível notar para o entorno de 0 a 10 km da Flona do Bom Futuro (BF), que o BF10A foi o que apresentou maior valor para duas (PD e PLAND) das três métricas utilizadas. Já para o entorno de 10 a 20 km, apenas o quadrante BF20B se destacou entre os demais, pois para todas as métricas ele foi o mais preocupante. Com a distribuição espacial dos quadrantes foi possível notar para o entorno de 0 a 10 km da Flona do Jamari (JA), que o JA10C foi o que apresentou maior ocorrência para todas as métricas aqui avaliadas.Palavras-chave: antropização, métricas de paisagem, unidade de conservação. TEMPORARY ANALYSIS OF FRAGMENTATION OF THE LANDSCAPE IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF NATIONAL FORESTS ABSTRACT: The objective was to carry out a temporal analysis of the fragmentation of the landscape around the National Forests of Jamari and Bom Futuro, Rondônia. In order to delimit the analyzes of the landscape fragmentation, areas in the surroundings, called quadrants (Q), were elaborated in the two Flonas: 0 to 10 km (10A, 10B, 10C and 10D) and 10 to 20 km (20A, 20B, 20C and 20D). The landscape metrics adopted in this work were: border density, spot density and percentage occupied in the landscape. Subsequently maps were elaborated with the spatial distribution of the quadrants that presented higher metrics. With the spatial distribution of the quadrants, it was possible to note that the BF10A was the one with the highest value for two (PD and PLAND) of the three metrics used for the 0 to 10 km environment of the Bom Futuro Flona (BF). Already for the environment of 10 to 20 km, only the quadrant BF20B stood out among the others, because for all the metrics he was the most worrisome. With the spatial distribution of the quadrants it was possible to notice for the environment of 0 to 10 km of Jamari Flona (JA), that the JA10C was the one that presented the highest occurrence for all the metrics evaluated here.Keywords: anthropization process, landscape metrics, conservation unit.
La crisis de la educación pública en México: Argumentos y Propuestas
Authors: Calvillo Barrios Juan 
Published: February 2019

Introducción. Diversos comportamientos del pueblo mexicano, evidenciados en redes sociales, dejan en evidencia la necesidad de reorganizar los contenidos de los programas en los diferentes niveles educativos al tiempo que dejan constancia del fracaso del neoliberalismo, aplicado en la educación, el cual prometió una educación, y por ende una sociedad, eficiente, eficaz y competitiva. Objetivo. La intención última del texto es, presentar una proyección del futuro, mostrar qué nos espera si no hacemos nada por cambiar el actual modelo, para lo cual se presenta una propuesta de rescate curricular como conclusión.Materiales y métodos. Utilizando la investigación cuantitativa, directa e indirecta, se presentan los datos duros que fundamentan los escasos, o nulos, resultados del actual modelo, y la crisis del sistema educativo mexicano, que principal, aunque no exclusivamente, se puede atribuir a la educación pública. Resultados. Entre los principales resultados se puede observar que los puestos de trabajo, que tradicionalmente monopolizaban los egresados de escuelas públicas, hoy están siendo acaparados por egresados de escuelas privadas, pero sin dejar de dominar los lugares que tradicionalmente ocupaban. Conclusión. Lo anterior deja en evidencia la necesidad de un nuevo tipo de gestión educativa que fortalezca las áreas que nos enseñan a pensar, como la filosofía, la sociología, la ética, y los valores, sin abandonar el español, la lectura, la escritura, la lógica y la matemática.
Herramientas digitales en el trabajo colaborativo
Authors: Nivela Cornejo María Alejandrina , Echeverría Desiderio Segundo Vicente , Espinosa Izquierdo Jaime Gabriel 
Published: February 2019

La tecnología ha contribuido a romper con los paradigmas tradicionales de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje propios de la educación. El objetivo de esta investigación es documental con diseño bibliográfico, está basada en el enfoque mixto mediante el uso de los gestores de contenidos en el aprendizaje colaborativo donde los estudiantes podrán explorar nuevos métodos para conseguir un mejor aprendizaje aportando al manejo de estas herramientas digitales, así el docente será un guiador en la formación del nuevo conocimiento.
Cognitive strategy on upper extremity function for stroke: A randomized controlled trials
Authors: Song Chiang-Soon , Lee Oan-Na , Woo Hee-Soon 
Published: February 2019

Background: Cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) is a task-specific training applied using a cognitive behavioral approach to improve performance in daily activities and to enable the patient to overcome limitations related to them. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the CO-OP approach in comparison with task-specific upper extremity training (TUET) on performance related to daily and functional activities in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. Methods: Forty-nine participants diagnosed with stroke for the first time underwent 30 minutes of either the CO-OP approach or TUET 5 days a week for 4 weeks. We evaluated their performance on the box-and-block test (BBT), Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM), and community integration questionnaire (CIQ) and Wolf motor function test-functional score (WMFT-F) before and after the training. Results: Our results show a significantly improvement in the WMFT-F, COPM-P, COPM-S, BBT, and CIQ scores after training in the CO-OP group, but only COPM-S score was significantly improvement after training in TUET group ( p <  0.05). This study also found higher increases in the mean WMFT-F, COPM-P, COPM-S and BBT scores in the CO-OP group than in the TUET group, but CIQ score did not have a significantly higher increase between-group after training. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the CO-OP approach resulted in a positive therapeutic effect on self-selected occupational performance and daily and functional activities in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke.