bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
plasp 3: Towards Effective ASP Planning
Authors: DIMOPOULOS YANNIS , GEBSER MARTIN , LÜHNE PATRICK , ROMERO JAVIER , SCHAUB TORSTEN 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe describe the new version of the Planning Domain Definition Language (PDDL)-to-Answer Set Programming (ASP) translatorplasp. First, it widens the range of accepted PDDL features. Second, it contains novel planning encodings, some inspired by Satisfiability Testing (SAT) planning and others exploiting ASP features such as well-foundedness. All of them are designed for handling multivalued fluents in order to capture both PDDL as well as SAS planning formats. Third, enabled by multishot ASP solving, it offers advanced planning algorithms also borrowed from SAT planning. As a result,plaspprovides us with an ASP-based framework for studying a variety of planning techniques in a uniform setting. Finally, we demonstrate in an empirical analysis that these techniques have a significant impact on the performance of ASP planning.
‘Where is everybody?’ An empirical appraisal of occurrence, prevalence and sustainability of technological species in the Universe
Authors: Engler John-Oliver , von Wehrden Henrik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe use recent results from astrobiology, particularly theA-form of the Drake equation and combine it with data on the evolution of life on Earth to obtain a new assessment of the prevalence of technological species in our Universe. A species is technological if it is, in theory, capable of interstellar communication. We find that between seven and 300 technological species have likely arisen in the Milky Way until today, the current state of which however unknown. Assuming that we are currently alone in our Galaxy, we estimate that we would need to wait for roughly 26 million years for a 50% chance of another technological species to arise. By relating our results to the much-debated Fermi–Hart paradox, we discuss if and to what extent our results may help quantify the chances of humanity to manage the transition to a long-term sustainable path of existence.
Methane Concentration in Mud Conduits of Submarine Mud Volcanoes: A Coupled Geochemical and Geophysical Approach
Authors: Kioka A. , Tsuji T. , Otsuka H. , Ashi J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMud volcanoes are among the largest geological sources releasing methane gas. Numerous studies have revealed their origins and compositions released from submarine mud volcanoes. However, quantification of the amount of gas inside submarine mud volcanoes has been challenging due to the difficulty of in situ measurements, which has hampered better evaluation for their contribution to the global methane budget. Here we provide a coupled geochemical and geophysical model that bridges bulk methane concentrations and seismic wave velocities in the mud conduit of submarine mud volcano. This model is applicable to most submarine mud volcanoes and is able to estimate methane concentration at the upper several hundreds of meters in the mud conduits using downhole logging data or seismic data. Our calculation for submarine mud volcanoes in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Nankai plate subduction zones shows that the weight fractions of gaseous and dissolved methane in total weight of sediment are 1,000–3,500 ppm within their mud conduits, which are much higher than previously expected from pore‐water evidence from conventional shallow subsurface sampling. Although more definitive calculations cannot be made until the model parameters are better constrained, our approach provides an opportunity for re‐estimating the global methane budget in submarine mud volcanoes, shedding new light upon the impact of submarine mud volcanism on carbon cycle.
Simulation and Observation of Lunar Tide Effect on High‐Latitude, Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric Winds During the 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event
Authors: Wu Qian , Ward William , Kristoffersen Sam , Maute A. , Liu J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe investigate the high‐latitude mesospheric and lower thermospheric winds during the 2013 sudden stratospheric warming event using ground‐based optical Doppler remote sensing observations of the OH and O (557.7 nm) emission from Eureka (80°N, 86°W) and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Electrodynamics‐General Circulation Model (TIME‐GCM) simulations. Simulations with and without lunar tidal forcing of the TIME‐GCM were performed. It has been found that the additional lunar tidal forcing only impacts slightly the semidiurnal tidal amplitude and phase at Eureka. The TIME‐GCM simulations still have noticeable discrepancies in the mean winds and the semidiurnal tidal amplitude and phase compared to the observations. The semidiurnal tidal phase shift during the stratospheric warming event may be associated with the sudden stratospheric warming related zonal mean wind reversal, which is similar to the seasonal change in the zonal mean wind from winter to summer. Accordingly, during the reversal, more modes of the semidiurnal tide propagate to the mesosphere, changing the phase of the semidiurnal tide.
The March 2015 Superstorm Revisited: Phase Space Density Profiles and Fast ULF Wave Diffusive Transport
Authors: Ozeke L. G. , Mann I. R. , Claudepierre S. G. , Henderson M. , Morley S. K. , Murphy K. R. , Olifer L. , Spence H. E. , Baker D. N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present the temporal evolution of electron Phase Space Density (PSD) in the outer radiation belt during the intense March 2015 geomagnetic storm. Comparing observed PSD profiles as a function of L* at fixed first, M, and second, K, adiabatic invariants with those produced by simulations is critical for determining the physical processes responsible for the outer radiation belt dynamics. Here we show that the bulk of the accelerated and enhanced outer radiation belt population consists of electrons with K < 0.17 G1/2Re. For these electrons, the observed PSD versus L* profiles during the recovery phase of the storm have a positive radial gradient. We compare the observed temporal evolution of the PSD profiles during the recovery phase with those produced by radial diffusion simulations driven by observed Ultralow Frequency wave power as measured on the ground. Our results indicate that the dominant flux enhancement, inside L* < 5, in the heart of the outer radiation belt during the March 2015 geomagnetic storm is consistent with that produced by fast inward radial diffusion of electrons from a dynamic outer boundary driven by enhanced Ultralow Frequency wave power.
Long‐Term Trends in Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a and Size Structure in the Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Lamont T. , Barlow R. G. , Brewin R. J. W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) is among the most productive ecosystems globally, supporting numerous fisheries and ecosystem services in Southern Africa. Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐view Sensor and Moderate‐resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer‐Aqua chlorophyll a (Chla) concentrations between September 1997 and February 2018 were used to investigate long‐term trends in phytoplankton biomass and size structure (microphytoplankton [>20 μm], nanophytoplankton [2–20 μm], and picophytoplankton [<2 μm]) in the Northern Benguela, Southern Benguela (SB), and Agulhas Bank (AB) shelf and open ocean regions of the BUS. Trends in upwelling and correlations with Chla and size structure were examined. Increasing Chla and microphytoplankton trends occurred in the Northern Benguela shelf and open ocean, while decreases were evident on the SB shelf in all seasons. In the SB open ocean, small increases occurred during austral winter, with a decrease in spring. On the AB shelf, increases in Chla and microphytoplankton occurred in summer with decreases during the other seasons. Patterns differed in the AB open ocean, with increases in winter and spring and decreases in summer and autumn. Although R2 values indicated that linear trends accounted for a reasonable portion of the variance, and most trends were statistically significant, they showed only small changes on the shelf domains and little to no change in the open ocean. Strong correlations between upwelling, Chla, and the size classes were observed, but distinct seasonal differences occurred in each region. This is the first 20‐year analysis of phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the BUS and provides a baseline against which future changes can be monitored.
Patchy Lakes and Topographic Origin for Fast Flow in the Recovery Glacier System, East Antarctica
Authors: Diez Anja , Matsuoka Kenichi , Jordan Tom A. , Kohler Jack , Ferraccioli Fausto , Corr Hugh F. , Olesen Arne V. , Forsberg René , Casal Tania G. 
Published: January 2019

The Recovery subglacial basin, with its largest glacier Recovery Glacier, has been identified as potentially the biggest contributor to future sea level rise from East Antarctica. Subglacial lakes along the main trunk have been detected from satellite data, with four giant lakes (Recovery Lakes A, B, C, and D) located at the onset of the fast ice flow (≥15 m/yr) and multiple smaller lakes along the glacier. The presence of subglacial water potentially plays a key role in the control of fast ice flow of Recovery Glacier. We present new insights on the Recovery Lakes from airborne radar data collected in 2013 and 2015. Using an adjusted classification scheme, we show that a single large area consisting of smaller lakes connected by likely saturated sediment, referred to as Lake AB, exists in the originally proposed area of the Recovery Lakes A and B. We estimate that the current size of Lake AB is ∼4,320 km2. Water likely leaks from the western shore of Lake AB lubricating the bed initiating fast ice flow at this location. The difference in the outlines of Lake AB and the Lakes A and B previously derived from surface features suggested that a larger paleolake existed here in the past. From our data, we find Recovery Lake C to be dry; we attribute fast ice flow originating from this area to be due to a topographic step and thus an increase in ice thickness rather than enhanced lubrication at the bed.
Blocking CXCLs–CXCR2 axis in tumor–stromal interactions contributes to survival in a mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through reduced cell invasion/migration and a shift of immune-inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Sano Makoto , Ijichi Hideaki , Takahashi Ryota , Miyabayashi Koji , Fujiwara Hiroaki , Yamada Tomoharu , Kato Hiroyuki , Nakatsuka Takuma , Tanaka Yasuo , Tateishi Keisuke , Morishita Yasuyuki , Moses Harold L. , Isayama Hiroyuki , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by dense stromal reaction (desmoplasia). We have previously reported that mice with conditionalKrasG12Dmutation and knockout ofTGF-β receptor type II(Tgfbr2), PKF mice, develop PDAC with desmoplasia modulated by CXC chemokines that are produced by PDAC cells through tumor–stromal interaction. In this study, we further discovered that PDAC and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) accelerated each other’s invasion and migration through the CXC chemokines-receptor (CXCLs–CXCR2) axis. Heterozygous knockout ofCxcr2in PKF mice (PKF2h mice) prolonged survival and inhibited both tumor angiogenesis and PDAC microinvasion. Infiltration of neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and arginase-1+M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly decreased in the tumors of PKF2h mice, whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)+M1-like TAMs and apoptotic tumor cells markedly increased, which indicated that blockade of the CXCLs–CXCR2 axis resulted in a shift of immune-inflammatory microenvironment. These results suggest that blocking of the CXCLs–CXCR2 axis in tumor–stromal interactions could be a therapeutic approach against PDAC progression.
Childhood psychosocial challenges and risk for obesity in U.S. men and women
Authors: Wall Melanie M. , Mason Susan M. , Liu Jun , Olfson Mark , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne , Blanco Carlos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChildhood psychosocial challenges (i.e., adversities, mental and substance use disorders, social challenges) may relate to the onset of obesity and extreme obesity. Identifying the types of psychosocial challenges most strongly associated with obesity could advance etiologic understanding and help target prevention efforts. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 24,350), the present study evaluates relationships between childhood psychosocial challenges and development of obesity and extreme obesity. After mutually controlling, childhood poverty was a risk in men OR = 1.2 (1.0–1.4) and a significantly stronger one in women OR = 1.6 (1.4–1.8); maltreatment increased odds of obesity in both men and women OR = 1.3, 95% CI (1.1–1.4), and specifically increased odds of extreme obesity in women OR = 1.5 (1.3–1.9). Early childrearing (before age 18) was an independent risk factor in both men OR = 1.4 (1.0–1.9) and women OR = 1.3 (1.1–1.5); not finishing high school was the strongest childhood psychosocial challenge risk factor for extreme obesity in both men (OR = 1.6, 1.1–2.2) and women (OR = 2.0, 1.5–2.5). Psychiatric disorders (MDD, anxiety disorder, PTSD) before age 18 were not independently associated with adult obesity in men nor women, but substance use disorders (alcohol or drug) were inversely associated with adult obesity. Individuals who have experienced childhood adversities and social challenges are at increased risk for obesity. Previous findings also indicate that these individuals respond poorly to traditional weight management strategies. It is critical to identify the reasons for these elevated weight problems, and to develop interventions that are appropriately tailored to mitigate the obesity burden faced by this vulnerable population.
Assessment of somatic single-nucleotide variation in brain tissue of cases with schizophrenia
Authors: Fullard John F. , Charney Alexander W. , Voloudakis Georgios , Uzilov Andrew V. , Haroutunian Vahram , Roussos Panos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe genetic architecture of schizophrenia (SCZ) includes numerous risk loci across a range of frequencies and sizes, including common and rare single-nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions (indels), as well as rare copy number variants (CNVs). Despite the clear heritability of the disease, monozygotic twins are discordant for SCZ at a significant rate. Somatic variants—genetic changes that arise after fertilization rather than through germline inheritance—are widespread in the human brain and known to contribute to risk for both rare and common neuropsychiatric conditions. The contribution of somatic variants in the brain to risk of SCZ remains to be determined. In this study, we surveyed somatic single-nucleotide variants (sSNVs) in the brains of controls and individuals with SCZ (n = 10 andn = 9, respectively). From each individual, whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on DNA from neuronal and non-neuronal nuclei isolated by fluorescence activated nuclear sorting (FANS) from frozen postmortem prefrontal cortex (PFC) samples, as well as DNA extracted from temporal muscle as a reference. We identified an increased burden of sSNVs in cases compared to controls (SCZ rate = 2.78, control rate = 0.70;P = 0.0092, linear mixed effects model), that included a higher rate of non-synonymous and loss-of-function variants (SCZ rate = 1.33, control rate = 0.50;P = 0.047, linear mixed effects model). Our findings suggest sSNVs in the brain may constitute an additional component of the complex genetic architecture of SCZ. This perspective argues for the need to further investigate somatic variation in the brain as an explanation of the discordance in monozygotic twins and a potential guide to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
Setd5 haploinsufficiency alters neuronal network connectivity and leads to autistic-like behaviors in mice
Authors: Moore Spencer M. , Seidman Jason S. , Ellegood Jacob , Gao Richard , Savchenko Alex , Troutman Ty D. , Abe Yohei , Stender Josh , Lee Daehoon , Wang Sicong , Voytek Bradley , Lerch Jason P. , Suh Hoonkyo , Glass Christopher K , Muotri Alysson R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSETD5, a gene linked to intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a member of the SET-domain family and encodes a putative histone methyltransferase (HMT). To date, the mechanism by which SETD5 haploinsufficiency causes ASD/ID remains an unanswered question. Setd5 is the highly conserved mouse homolog, and although the Setd5 null mouse is embryonic lethal, the heterozygote is viable. Morphological tracing and multielectrode array was used on cultured cortical neurons. MRI was conducted of adult mouse brains and immunohistochemistry of juvenile mouse brains. RNA-Seq was used to investigate gene expression in the developing cortex. Behavioral assays were conducted on adult mice. Setd5+/− cortical neurons displayed significantly reduced synaptic density and neuritic outgrowth in vitro, with corresponding decreases in network activity and synchrony by electrophysiology. A specific subpopulation of fetal Setd5+/− cortical neurons showed altered gene expression of neurodevelopment-related genes. Setd5+/− animals manifested several autism-like behaviors, including hyperactivity, cognitive deficit, and altered social interactions. Anatomical differences were observed in Setd5+/− adult brains, accompanied by a deficit of deep-layer cortical neurons in the developing brain. Our data converge on a picture of abnormal neurodevelopment driven by Setd5 haploinsufficiency, consistent with a highly penetrant risk factor.
Structural elements of a pH-sensitive inhibitor binding site in NMDA receptors
Authors: Regan Michael C. , Zhu Zongjian , Yuan Hongjie , Myers Scott J. , Menaldino Dave S. , Tahirovic Yesim A. , Liotta Dennis C. , Traynelis Stephen F. , Furukawa Hiro 
Published: January 2019

AbstractContext-dependent inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of neurological diseases that are associated with altered neuronal firing and signaling. This is especially true in stroke, where the proton concentration in the afflicted area can increase by an order of magnitude. A class of allosteric inhibitors, the 93-series, shows greater potency against GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptors in such low pH environments, allowing targeted therapy only within the ischemic region. Here we map the 93-series compound binding site in the GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino terminal domain and show that the interaction of the N-alkyl group with a hydrophobic cage of the binding site is critical for pH-dependent inhibition. Mutation of residues in the hydrophobic cage alters pH-dependent potency, and remarkably, can convert inhibitors into potentiators. Our study provides a foundation for the development of highly specific neuroprotective compounds for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Immunotherapy: enhancing the efficacy of this promising therapeutic in multiple cancers
Authors: Inthagard Jitwadee , Edwards Joanne , Roseweir Antonia K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Cancer treatments often reach a refractory period leading to treatment failure and patients developing disease recurrence. This can be due to tumour cells escaping the immune response and creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment enhancing cancer progression. Immunotherapy has become a promising tool for cancer treatment as it restores the anti-tumour response of the patient’s immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most widely studied immunotherapies worldwide and are now approved for multiple cancers. However, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has also shown promise by targeting T lymphocytes that are genetically modified ex vivo to express CARs and this is now approved to treat some haematological cancers. Although immunotherapy has shown successful treatment outcomes in multiple cancers, some patients do not respond to this treatment. Therefore, approaches to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies are likely to be the key to improve their effectiveness. Therefore, combination therapies of checkpoint inhibitors +/− chemotherapy are at the forefront of current research. Furthermore, biomarkers that predict treatment response are now beginning to emerge. Additionally, utilising nanoparticles as a newly targeted drug delivery system to enhance CAR-T cell therapy may enhance the efficacy of the cells when re-infused within the patient. Even if efficacy is enhanced, severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur that are life-threatening and could lead to therapy being stopped. Therefore, predictive biomarkers for toxicity are also needed to improve both the patient’s quality of life and treatment outcomes. This review will look at the current immunotherapies in clinical trials and discuss how to enhance their efficacy.
Psychoonkologie: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen psychosozialer Hilfen bei einer Krebserkrankung
Authors: Drommelschmidt Kim , Karger André 
Published: January 2019

ZusamenfassungDie Psychoonkologie ist mittlerweile ein fester Bestandteil der multiprofessionellen onkologischen Behandlung und kann Patienten und ihre Angehörigen bei der Krankheitsbewältigung und im Umgang mit psychosozialen Problemen unterstützen. Die Effektivität von psychoonkologischen Interventionen ist vielseitig belegt, jedoch gibt es hinsichtlich der Sicherstellung einer sektorübergreifenden Kommunikation zwischen den Behandlern sowie einer flächendeckend verfügbaren, bedarfsgerechten psychosozialen Versorgung noch Verbesserungsbedarf.
Kiefern, Fichte und Eukalyptus: Bäume als Aromatika
Authors: Mayer Johannes Gottfried , Niedenthal Tobias 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungBeim Stichwort Aromata denkt man unwillkürlich zunächst an Kräuter und kleine Stauden wie Kamille, Thymian oder Fenchel, kaum jemand wird einen Baum an vorderster Stelle nennen. Dabei nutzt die Phytotherapie auch zahlreiche Bäume, und bei nicht wenigen spielt das ätherische Öl unter den Wirkstoffen eine entscheidende Rolle, so etwa bei den Zimtbäumen (Cinnamomum-Arten) einschließlich Kampferbaum, den Myrtengewächsen (Myrtaceen) mit den Eukalyptus-Bäumen, Bergamotte oder Citrus-Arten, den Balsambäumen (Burseraceen) mit den Myrrhe- und Boswellia-Arten und den Nadelhölzern (Coniferales / Pinales) wie Fichte und Kiefer. Letztere und die Eukalyptusbäume sollen hier beispielhaft behandelt werden.
COPD: Die wichtigsten Komorbiditäten
Authors: Pizarro Carmen , Skowasch Dirk 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are frequently afflicted by comorbidities. In terms of quality of life, health status and prognosis, comorbid conditions negatively impact the lives of the sufferers. The link between these diseases is complex and comprises manifold considerations: it may be mediated by common risk factors, notably smoking, or by sequelae of COPD, like physical inactivity. Moreover, systemic inflammatory processes and mechanistic considerations seem to play a central role. As symptomatology is frequently overlapping, comorbid diseases tend to be overlooked. In consequence, they require proactive diagnostic approaches. Treatment should adhere to current guidelines, irrespective of the presence of COPD.
Cornus mas L. – Kornelkirsche
Authors: Melzig Matthias F. 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung
Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae), die Kornelkirsche, ist ein kleiner Baum oder Strauch, dessen Früchte (Corni fructus) als Lebensmittel und als traditionelles Arzneimittel seit dem Altertum vor allem bei Durchfall, Ruhr und Fieber angewendet wurden. Bis heute wird diese gut verträgliche Droge vor allem in Südosteuropa und im Orient volksheilkundlich genutzt. Als Hauptinhaltsstoffe kommen neben verschiedenen polyphenolischen Verbindungen (Procyanidine, Ellagitannine, Anthocyanine, Flavonoide) auch terpenoide Inhaltsstoffe (Iridoide, Triterpene, Carotinoide) sowie Vitamin C vor. Dieses Inhaltsstoffspektrum bestimmt vor allem die prophylaktische und therapeutische Anwendung bei Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Infektionen sowie bei entzündlichen Erkrankungen verschiedener Organsysteme.