bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of mechanical properties and screw push-out for two 3.5-mm pearl-type locking plate systems
Authors: Tremolada Giovanni , Taggart Ryan , Lewis Daniel D. , Palmer Ross H. , Lambrechts Nicolaas E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare mechanical properties (stiffness, yield load, failure load, and deformation at failure) of 2 pearl-type locking plate system (PLS) constructs (PLS 1 and PLS 2) in a simulated fracture gap model and to compare screw push-out forces of the 2 PLSs with and without plate contouring.

SAMPLE
40 PLS constructs.

PROCEDURES
Mechanical properties of uncontoured PLS 1 (n = 8) and PLS 2 (8) constructs were evaluated in synthetic bone-plate models under axial compression. Screw push-out forces were evaluated in 6 uncontoured and 6 contoured PLSs of each type. Variables of interest were compared between PLS groups and between contoured and uncontoured plates by statistical methods.

RESULTS
Yield and failure loads were higher in the PLS 1 group than in the PLS 2 group, but stiffness did not differ significantly between groups. All constructs failed by plate bending, with greater deformation in the PLS 2 group. Push-out force to screw-plate uncoupling was higher in the PLS 2 group than in the PLS 1 group for uncontoured and contoured plates. Locking mechanism failure of PLS 1 specimens was through screw-thread stripping. The PLS 2 specimens failed by node deformation followed by screwhead stripping.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Distinct mechanical differences were identified between the 2 PLSs. The clinical relevance of these differences is unknown. Further research including cyclic fatigue testing is needed to reveal more clinically pertinent information.
Oxytetracycline concentrations in interstitial fluid from tissue chambers inoculated with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis after intramuscular or intrachamber administration in sheep
Authors: Washburn Kevin E. , Fajt Virginia R. , Polasek Ashley N. , Lawhon Sara D. , Padgett Ashley L. , Lo Chih-Ping , Mays Travis P. , Washburn Shannon E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine oxytetracycline concentrations in plasma and in fluid from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (CPT)-inoculated tissue chambers (used as experimental abscess models) and uninoculated (control) tissue chambers in sheep after IM or local administration of the drug and to investigate whether CPT growth was reduced or eliminated by these treatments.

ANIMALS
10 clinically normal female sheep.

PROCEDURES
Sterile tissue chambers were surgically implanted in both paralumbar fossae of each sheep; ≥ 2 weeks later (day −6), 1 randomly selected chamber was inoculated with CPT, and the opposite chamber was injected with sterile growth medium. Sheep received oxytetracycline IM (n = 5) or by percutaneous injection into CPT-inoculated (4) or uninoculated (1) chambers on day 0. Tissue fluid from each chamber and venous blood samples for plasma collection were obtained at predetermined times over 6 days for bacterial counts (tissue chambers) and analysis of oxytetracycline concentrations (tissue chambers and plasma). Sheep were euthanized on day 6. Regional lymph nodes were collected bilaterally from each sheep for culture.

RESULTS
Measurable concentrations of oxytetracycline were present in each chamber throughout the study, regardless of administration route or presence of CPT. No CPT growth was detected after the 48-hour time point in inoculated chambers injected with oxytetracycline; however, CPT was isolated from all inoculated chambers throughout the study after IM drug administration. One regional lymph node (ipsilateral to a CPT-inoculated, oxytetracycline-injected chamber with no CPT growth after 48 hours) was culture positive for CPT.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Intralesional administration of oxytetracycline may eliminate growth of CPT locally, but complete elimination of the organism remains difficult.
Hak Mengajukan Gugatan dalam Sengketa Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Abubakar Muzakkir 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini ingin menjawab keberadaan pihak-pihak yang dapat mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan apabila terjadinya kerugian akibat perbuatan melawan hukum dalam lingkungan hidup. Perbuatan melawan hukum yang menimbulkan kerugian akibat pencemaran atau perusakan lingkungan yang dilakukan oleh pengusaha atau penanggungjawab usaha dan/atau perusakan lingkungan hidup. Penyelesaian sengketa lingkungan hidup melalui pengadilan dapat dilakukan melalui gugatan perdata biasa yang diajukan oleh pihak korban atau anggota masyarakat biasa yang mengalami kerugian. Dengan melakukan studi dokumen, ditemukan bahwa dengan berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 telah memberikan kesempatan untuk mengajukan gugatan melalui legal standing/LSM, prosedur class action atau melalui citizen suit yang merupakan hak gugat tanpa adanya kepentingan hukum. Pemerintah atau Pemerintah Daerah sebagai penanggung jawab di bidang lingkungan hidup juga dapat mengajukan gugatan terhadap pelaku pencemaran dan/ atau perusakan lingkungan hidup untuk kepentingan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Right to Submit a Law in the Environmental Disputes This study wants to answer the existence of parties who can file a lawsuit to the court if there is an unlawful act that results in a loss to the environment. Unlawful acts that cause losses due to pollution or environmental damage carried out by employers or business people responsible for and/or environmental damage. Settlement of environmental disputes through a court can be carried out through civil lawsuit filed by victims or community who suffer losses. By conducting document studies, it was found that with the enactment of Law No. 32 of 2009, it has provided an opportunity to file a lawsuit through legal standing, class action or through citizen suits which constitute a claim right without any legal interest. The Government or Regional Government as the person in charge of the environmental sector can also file a lawsuit against the perpetrators of environmental pollution and/or damage for the benefit and welfare of the community.
Penegakan Hukum Korupsi Politik
Authors: Wangga Maria Silvya E. , Kardono R. Bondan Agung , Wirawan Aditya 
Published: May 2019

Korupsi politik memiliki kaitan dengan penyalahgunaan wewenang/kekuasaan. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian socio legal, bertujuan untuk mengkaji penegakan korupsi politik, dalam perspektif hukum dan kriminologi. Penegakan korupsi politik dalam perspektif hukum, dapat ditempuh oleh hakim dengan memaksimalkan pidana penjara serta penjatuhan pidana tambahan, berupa pembayaran ganti rugi dan pencabutan hak politik. Upaya tersebut, perlu diperkuat pula dengan pendekatan nilai, yang berkelanjutan dan integral. Dalam perspektif kriminologi, korupsi politik berkaitan dengan teori pertukaran sosial. Pejabat atau penyelenggara negara mempertukarkan nilai-nilai moral, integritas, profesionalisme, jabatan, kekuasaan, maupun pengaruh dengan uang, barang, rabat (diskon), komisi, pinjaman tanpa bunga, pengobatan gratis, perjalanan wisata, dan kemudahan fasilitas lainnya secara tidak sah. Bahkan juga mempertinggi persahabatan, kepuasan, dan meningkatkan harga diri atau status sosial dengan kekuasaan yang lebih besar atau dengan penguasa yang lebih tinggi darinya. Oleh karenanya, rumusan pasal memperdagangkan pengaruh, perlu dimasukkan dalam revisi Undang-Undang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Law Enforcement on Political Corruption Political corruption has to do with abuse of authority / power. This papers uses the socio legal research method, it aims to examine enforcement on political corruption, in a legal and criminological perspective. Enforcement of political corruption in a legal perspective, can be taken by judge by maximizing imprisonment and additional criminal imposition; by payment of compensation and revocation of political rights. These efforts need to be strengthened by a value approach, which is sustainable and integrated. In a criminology perspective, political corruption is related to social exchange theory. State officials or state administrators exchange moral values, integrity, professionalism, position, power and influence with money, goods, discounts, commissions, interest-free loans, free medical treatment, tours and other facilities in an illegal manner. It also enhances friendship, satisfaction and increases self-esteem or social status with greater power or with a higher authority. Therefore, the formulation of the article on trading influence must be included in the revision of the Law on the Eradication of Corruption Crimes.
Lisboa nos anos de 1778 segundo o Diário de William Beckford
Authors: Silva Raquel Henriques da 
Published: May 2019

William Beckford (1760-1844) é uma personalidade fascinante da cultura inglesa na transição do século XVIII para o século XIX, celebrizado pelo modo como exibia a sua imensa riqueza, pelo escândalo provocado pela sua denunciada homossexualidade, mas também pelas obras literárias que escreveu, particularmente Vatheck, onde manifesta a atracção e o gosto pelo exotismo orientalista, característico da estética romântica. Este homem extraordinário - que, na infância, tocou piano com Mozart, foi aluno do arquitecto William Chambers e do pintor Alexandre Cozens – aportou a Lisboa, em 1787, interrompendo uma viagem apenas começada que o devia ter conduzido à Jamaica onde residia o essencial da riqueza da família. Durante esta primeira estadia, entre 1787 e 1788, Beckford manteve um diário que publicou parcialmente, com consideráveis alterações, quase no final da vida (Italy; with Sketches of Spain and Portugal, 1834). Em 1954, Boyd Alexander, o seu mais importante biógrafo, publicou The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain, 1787-88, divulgando, pela primeira vez a fonte de onde os Sketches foram retirados. Neste trabalho, utilizarei a tradução portuguesa do referido Journal (realizada por João Gaspar Simões e revista para a 2ª edição de 1983) para detectar a imagem de Lisboa que ele nos propõe. Surpreendentemente, Beckford parece não ter compreendido a reconstrução de Lisboa depois do Terramoto a que, aliás, nunca se refere.
The Public Choice View at the “Deregulation” Movement: Analyzing the Experience of European Telecommunications
Authors: Trubnikov Dimitrii 
Published: May 2019

Purpose – The liberalization of European telecommunications has been expressed in highly concentrated markets with several major players at the pan-European level. Instead of fostering competitive marketplaces, the reform has created an oligopolistic landscape with powerful private corporations. This induces reasonable questions about the real objectives and the chosen ways of the reform.
Methodology/approach/design – The deregulatory movement in the telecommunications sector is analyzed through contrasting perspectives of the public interest approach and public choice theory.
Findings – The chance to change the landscape of the industry has been missed, and the current trend towards the global oligopolistic marketplace yields an unprecedented amount of economic power to narrow groups at the global scale. The liberalization movement introduced market mechanisms in the industry, but the real free and open market has never been formed, and it is possible to assert that it has never been among the real objectives and intentions of the policymakers.
Originality/value – The recent surge of “liberalization” in the telecommunications industry speaks rather in favor of the hypothesis of vested private interests in the policy and that they have always been greatly covered by the sauce of public interest justifications. The case of telecommunications shows that ideas and understanding of economic phenomena played an important role in adoption of regulatory regimes, and it is apparent that people on the top of the social pyramid have opportunities to pick up and foster those ideas that better fit their private needs.
Mapping the origin of digital inequalities: an empirical study about the city of São Paulo
Authors: Senne Fabio Jose Novaes de 
Published: May 2019

Purpose – Approaches that attribute inequalities in access and use of the Internet to structural economic factors and contemplate the reproduction of individual off-line characteristics in the digital environment are predominant in the specialized literature. Recently, however, the focus has been shifting to the differences in patterns of digital inclusion according to characteristics of particular communities or territories.
Methodology/approach/design – The empirical study investigates to what extent the territory matters to explain the variability of Internet use and the existence of ICT skills. Based on a sample survey conducted in 2016, the study analyses data collected on the city of São Paulo/Brazil.
Findings – The results indicate that, in addition to socioeconomic conditions, territorial aspects are important for understanding digital inequalities. Nonetheless, it suggests that the level of territorial disaggregation must be taken into consideration when measuring the use of the Internet and ICT skills.
Practical implications – The study highlights the need for deeper theoretical and methodological considerations of social, institutional and regulatory factors that affect the scenario of online inequalities, including place-based effects of urban policies.
“O sol não nasce para todos”:
Authors: Silva Andrea Lima da , Santos Silvana Mara de Morais dos 
Published: May 2019

A cidade constitui-se historicamente como espaço para o desenvolvimento das forças produtivas, sendo, também, fábrica das possibilidades históricas quanto à construção do poder político das classes sociais. É neste ambiente de luta de classes, apropriação de territórios e de vivência das territorialidades que analisaremos o direito à cidade da população de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais (LGBT). Este artigo é produto da pesquisa intitulada “Nascidos livres e iguais”? Violação de direitos e opressão da população LGBT na cidade”. A cidade é entendida em suas relações concretas por onde se movimentam os indivíduos em sua vida cotidiana. Nas últimas décadas têm se consolidado lutas, estudos e pesquisas sobre o direito à cidade como questão integrante da agenda dos direitos humanos (DH). Trabalha-se neste artigo com o direito à cidade na perspectiva construída coletivamente e expressa na Carta Mundial do Direito à Cidade. A concepção do direito à cidade no referido documento revela a contradição entre o dever ser e a realidade vivenciada pelos sujeitos que têm seus direitos violados cotidianamente, a exemplo dos segmentos LGBT. O direito coletivo à cidade foi subsumido pela sua apropriação privada nas sociedades capitalistas. Assim, questionamos: a cidade se constitui espaço tempo de reconhecimento dos direitos da população LGBT?
Crédito Consignado:
Authors: Moura Rivânia 
Published: May 2019

A Previdência Social se tornou, a partir da década de 1970, peça importante para o capital portador de juros em seu processo de expansão. A financeirização da economia provocou para a Previdência Social um aprofundamento da canalização dos seus recursos para o mercado financeiro. No Brasil, as contrarreformas da previdência operaram no sentido de limitar o acesso aos direitos previdenciários e ampliar o espaço do mercado de seguros privados, denominados previdência. O crédito consignado para aposentados surge nesse contexto em que ocorre um rebaixamento das aposentadorias e, consequentemente, das condições de vida desses aposentados. Assim, o consignado, como uma face da financeirização da previdência, propicia o aprofundamento da exploração dos trabalhadores e revelase como novo achado para o capital bancário. Portanto, a aliança entre subtração das condições de vida dos aposentados e apropriação de parte das aposentadorias pelos bancos revela o mecanismo de expropriação financeira, via crédito consignado.
FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL REMODELING OF THE HEART ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH RISK OF LIFETHREATENING VENTRICULAR TACHYARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC AND NON-ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHIES
Authors: Stukalova O. V. , Zhambeev A. A. , Sokolov S. F. , Sapelnikov O. V. , Grishin I. R. , Kiktev V. G. , Shlevkov N. B. 
Published: May 2019

Objective: to identify the features of myocardial fibrosis and ventricular repolarization disorders associated with malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) in patients with ischemic (ICM) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM).Material and Methods. Fifty consecutive patients (41 men and 9 women aged 60±13 years; 30 patients with ICM and 20 patients with NICM) underwent contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart, QT dispersion analysis of 12-lead Holter ECG followed by implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or resynchronizing device with defibrillator (CRTD) to prevent sudden cardiac death.Results. According to data of 32 (28–43)-month follow up, VT paroxysms were registered in 20 of 30 patients (67%) with ICM and in 5 of 20 patients (25%) with NICM on follow-up. Data of successive univariate and ROC analyses of MRI indices differed between patients with and without recurrence of VTs in ICM and NICM patient groups. In ICM patients, VTs were associated with the values of QT (peak) interval dispersion over 80 mc according to data of Holter ECG monitoring and higher gray zone in the left ventricle (≥27%) according to contrast-enhanced MRI. Similar analyses in NICM patients showed that the most valuable diagnostic signs associated with the right ventricular tachycardias were the values of QT (peak) interval dispersion over 90 mc according to data of Holter ECG monitoring and the presence of non-transmural fibrosis of the left ventricle (≥27%) according to contrast-enhanced MRI.Conclusion. The features of structural remodeling of the left ventricle predisposing to VTs significantly differ in patients with ICM and NICM. Nevertheless, the presence of ventricular repolarization disorders, associated with onset of VTs, is universal in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies.
MITRAL VALVE GEOMETRY IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Kanev A. F. , Pavlyukova E. N. , Evtushenko A. V. 
Published: May 2019

Aim. To evaluate structural features of the mitral valve (MV) in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and to identify characteristics of MV structural remodeling in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) patients using three-dimensional MV quantification analysis.Material and Methods. The study included 48 patients with HOCM and 15 patients with arterial hypertension and LVH. All patients underwent standard echocardiography and real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography, followed by MV reconstruction with quantitative analysis. Quantitative analysis of MV included assessment of the mitral annulus and cusps.Results. Differences in characteristics of three-dimensional MV model between patients with HOCM and arterial hypertension and LVH were identified. In patients with HOCM, the height of the fibrous ring of the MV was increased compared to that in patients with arterial hypertension (8.00±1.72 mm vs. 5.99±1.95 mm; p=0.02). Mitral annular height (r=-0.55; p=0.02) and area(3D) (r=-0.30; p=0.04) correlated with peak LV outflow tract (LVOT) gradient. MV nonplanarity index was higher in HOCM patients (2.37±0.47 units vs. 1.73±0.62 units; p=0.02). Mitral annular maximal velocity correlated with peak (r=0.48, p=0.002) and mean (r=0.47, p=0.01) LVOT gradients. Anterior (6.40±2.04 sm2 vs. 5.07±1.04 sm2 ; p<0.05) and posterior (6.61±2.01 см2 vs. 5.27±1.23 см2 ; p=0.006) cusp areas, total cusp area (13.01±3.54 sm2 vs. 10.34±1.82 sm2 ; p=0.008), and total cusp area to annular area ratio (1.31±0.2 units vs. 1.15±0.09 units; р=0.01) had higher values in patients with HOCM. Correlation existed between anterior leaflet length and peak LVOT gradient (r=-0.45; p=0.01). Patients with HOCM had increased anterior leaflet angle compared to patients with arterial hypertension and LVH (32.13±9.21° vs. 24.86±4.45°; р=0.04).Conclusion. Compared to patients with arterial hypertension and LVH, patients with HOCM experienced more pronounced MV annular remodeling presented as an increase in the annular height, which was accompanied by an increase in the cusp areas and the anterior leaflet angle. In patients with HOCM, the annular area and the maximum mitral annular velocity correlated with LVOT gradient.
LUNG ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN PNEUMONIA
Authors: Chuyashenko E. V. , Zavadovskaya V. D. , Ageeva T. S. , Prosekina N. M. , Zorkaltsev M. A. , Fedorova E. I. 
Published: May 2019

Aim. In order to optimize the diagnosis of pneumonia by including lung ultrasonography in the diagnostic algorithm for pneumonia, the main ultrasound signs of inflammatory infiltration of the lungs were identified, depending on the form of morphological substrate, and the capabilities of ultrasound examination in monitoring pneumonia were evaluated.Material and Methods. A total of 96 patients were admitted to hospital by emergency to rule out/to confirm pneumonia based on X-ray diagnosis of this pathology in 81 persons. Ultrasonic examination was performed in all patients at a day of admission to hospital. Dynamics in inflammatory infiltrate was evaluated in 55 patients at days 3–4, 7, and 10–14 of hospital stay.Results. The ultrasonic signs of inflammatory infiltrate were found in 55 of 96 patients with prevalent ultrasound pattern of pleuropneumonia (n=48; 50%) and bronchopneumonia in a smaller number of patients (n=7; 8.6%). The results of ultrasonography showed the low sensitivity (69.7%) and significantly high specificity (100%) rates of the method in detecting pneumonia. Positive dynamics in ultrasonic monitoring of pneumonia was detected in the overwhelming number of patients (n=45; 81.8%) at day 3 of hospitalization. Negative dynamics (n=3; 5.5%) was observed at days 3 and 7 of the study.Conclusion. Ultrasonic study may be considered a useful step in the diagnostic algorithm for patients with pneumonia as this method provides additional information for an attending physician and does not involve adverse effects of ionizing radiation on patient’s body. Since the ultrasonic data on positive and negative dynamics of pneumonia were received ahead of the results of standard control radiography and were verified by further clinical and radiological observations, the role of ultrasonic monitoring of the inflammatory infiltrate was essential for evaluation of the efficacy of antibiotic therapy at earlier time.