bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strain and Shear Wave Elastography in Diagnosis of Retrobulbar Neuritis
Authors: Oğurel Tevfik , Burulday Veysel 
Published: April 2019

Background:
In the early stages of retrobulbar neuritis (RN), the optic disc appears normal on ophthalmoscopy. Therefore, the diagnosis of RN is usually made clinically. However, imaging tools are needed for precise diagnosis of RN, and usually MRI is used. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic performance of strain elastography (SE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) in patients with RN. Elastography is a new sonographic technique and a noninvasive ultrasound method for evaluating the elastic properties of tissues based on static compression: the elastographic techniques of SE compress the tissues axially, and SWE uses waves that are generated by transducers and interact with the tissue.

Methods:
The study included 40 eyes of 20 patients with sudden visual loss, who were diagnosed with RN. The eyes of the patients were divided into 2 groups: the eye with a diagnosis of RN was the group of RN eyes, and the healthy second eye was the group of control eyes. Ophthalmologic examination, orbital and brain MRI, SE, and SWE were performed. SE color mapping was divided into 3 types: blue-hardest tissue (Type 1), blue/green-hard tissue (Type 2), and green-intermediate tissue (Type 3). All patients were treated with high-dose corticosteroids. The measurements of SE and SWE were made immediately after diagnosis and 1 month after treatment.

Results:
The mean age of 11 male and 9 female patients was 38.3 ± 12.2 years. At the time of diagnosis, the mean shear wave values for the control eyes were 18.47 ± 7.26 kPa (kilopascals), and the mean shear wave values for the RN eyes were 37.21 ± 8.24 kPa. There was a statistically significant difference between the control and RN eyes at the time of diagnosis (P < 0.001). The mean shear wave value was 19.92 ± 4.77 kPa in the RN eyes after treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in values at the time of diagnosis and after treatment (P < 0.001). Strain types found in the RN eyes before treatment were Type 1 in 60% of eyes, Type 2 in 25%, and Type 3 in 15%; at the end of the treatment, Type 2 was observed in 25% of eyes and Type 3 in 75%, while Type 1 was not observed.

Conclusions:
SE and SWE may be important alternative diagnostic tools in the diagnosis of RN.
Relationship Satisfaction of Intimate Partners of Persons Living With Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Saiki Lori S. , Meize-Grochowski Robin 
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to examine effects of urinary incontinence (UI) on midlife women's relationships with their intimate partners, from the perspective of both women and their partners.

DESIGN:
A cross-sectional, mixed-methods design.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
Purposive, convenience/snowball sampling strategies and community-based recruitment strategies were used to enroll partnered, midlife women living with UI. Participants were 43 community-dwelling midlife couples residing in the southwestern United States; female participants had stress, urgency, or mixed UI by self-report. Data were also collected from their intimate partners.

METHODS:
Participants completed confidential mailed study packets comprising questionnaires on demographic information and lower urinary tract symptom profile, valid measures of the quality of the relationship, and open-ended questions to explore the effect of UI on the relationship in the participants' own words. The packet included several validated instruments: the Incontinence Severity Index, Couples Satisfaction Index, Sexual Quality of Life-Female/Male, Relational Ethics Scale, and Couples' Illness Communication Scale. Quantitative data were analyzed using tests of differences between groups and correlation analysis. Qualitative data were explored for themes and tested for significant differences in word choice by z-score analysis.

RESULTS:
We found no significant differences between women and their partners in measures of the relationship and no significant associations between UI symptom severity and relationship satisfaction. Distressed partners had significantly poorer scores on sexual quality of life (P < .001), relational ethics (P = .002), and communication about UI (P = .03). Distressed couples used significantly more words than did nondistressed couples who described the woman's withdrawal from shared activities (P = .005) and avoidance of physical intimacy (P = .003), which they attributed to UI.

CONCLUSIONS:
Distressed couples demonstrated the negative effects of UI on emotional and physical intimacy. Distress was attributed to how the woman coped with symptoms but not with the severity of UI symptoms.
Characterization ofRhodopseudomonas palustrispopulation dynamics on tobacco phyllosphere and induction of plant resistance toTobacco mosaic virusinfection
Authors: Su Pin , Zhang Deyong , Zhang Zhuo , Chen Ang , Hamid Muhammad Rizwan , Li Chenggang , Du Jiao , Cheng Ju’e , Tan Xinqiu , Zhen Limin , Zhai Zhongying , Tang Wen , Chen Jin , Zhou Xuguo , Liu Yong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough many biocontrol bacteria can be used to improve plant tolerance to stresses and to promote plant growth, the hostile environmental conditions on plant phyllosphere and the limited knowledge on bacterial colonization on plant phyllosphere minimized the beneficial effects produced by the biocontrol bacteria.Rhodopseudomonas palustrisstrain GJ-22 is known as a phyllosphere biocontrol agent. In this paper we described detailed processes of strain GJ-22 colony establishment at various colonization stages. We have shown that the preferable location sites of bacterial aggregates on leaf phyllosphere are grooves between plant epidermal cells. In this study, we categorized bacterial colonies into four phases. Analyses of expressions of plant defense-related genes showed that, starting from Phase III, bacterial cells in the Type 3 and Type 4 colonies started produce unidentified signals to induce host defense againTobacco mosaic virusinfection. To our knowledge, this is the first report focused on the colonization process of a phyllosphere biocontrol agent.
RNA transcribed from heterochromatic simple-tandem repeats are required for male fertility and histone-protamine exchange in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mills Wilbur K , Lee Yuh Chwen G. , Kochendoerfer Antje M , Dunleavy Elaine M , Karpen Gary H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLong arrays of simple, tandemly repeated DNA sequences (known as satellites) are enriched in centromeres1 and pericentromeric regions2, and contribute to chromosome segregation and other heterochromatin functions3,4. Surprisingly, satellite DNAs are expressed in many multicellular eukaryotes, and their aberrant transcription may contribute to carcinogenesis and cellular toxicity5-7. Satellite transcription and/or RNAs may also promote centromere and heterochromatin activities 8-12. However, we lack direct evidence that satellite DNA transcripts are required for normal cell or organismal functions. Here, we show that satellite RNAs derived from AAGAG tandem repeats are transcribed in many cell types throughout Drosophila melanogaster development, enriched in neuronal tissues and testes, localized within heterochromatic regions, and important for viability. Strikingly, we find that AAGAG transcripts are necessary for male fertility and are specifically required for normal histone-protamine exchange and sperm chromatin organization. Since AAGAG RNA-dependent events happen late in spermatogenesis when the transcripts are not detected, we speculate that AAGAG RNA functions in primary spermatocytes to ‘prime’ post-meiosis steps in sperm maturation. In addition to demonstrating specific essential functions for AAGAG RNAs, comparisons between closely related Drosophila species suggest that satellite repeats and their transcription evolve quickly to generate new functions.
Mass Cytometry Study on the Heterogeneity in Cellular Association and Cytotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Immune Cells
Authors: Ha My Kieu , Choi Jang-Sik , Gerelkhuu Zayakhuu , Kwon Sook Jin , Song Jaewoo , Lee Yangsoon , Kim Yeoung-Eun , Yoon Tae Hyun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere have been many reports about the adverse effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on the environment and human health. Conventional toxicity assessments of NPs frequently assume uniform distribution of monodisperse NPs in homogeneous cell populations, and provide information on the relationships between the administered dose of NPs and cellular responses averaged for a large number of cells. They may have limitations in describing the wide heterogeneity of cell-NP interactions, caused by cell-to-cell and NP-to-NP variances. To achieve more detailed insight into the heterogeneity of cell-NP interactions, it is essential to understand the cellular association and adverse effects of NPs at single-cell level. In this study, we applied mass cytometry to investigate the interactions between silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and primary human immune cells. High dimensionality of mass cytometry allowed us to identify various immune cell types and observe the cellular association and toxicity of AgNPs in each population. Our findings showed that AgNPs had higher affinity with phagocytic cells like monocytes and dendritic cells and caused more severe toxic effects than with T cells, B cells and NK cells. Multi-element detection capability of mass cytometry also enabled us to simultaneously monitor cellular AgNP dose and intracellular signaling of individual cells, and subsequently investigate the dose-response relationships of each immune population at single-cell level, which are often hidden in conventional toxicity assays at bulk-cell level. Our study will assist future development of single-cell dose-response models for various NPs and will provide key information for the safe use of nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
Basement membrane regulates fibronectin organization using sliding focal adhesions driven by a contractile winch
Authors: Lu Jiaoyang , Doyle Andrew D. , Shinsato Yoshinari , Wang Shaohe , Bodendorfer Molly A. , Zheng Minhua , Yamada Kenneth M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe have discovered that basement membrane and its major components can induce rapid, strikingly robust fibronectin organization. In this new matrix assembly mechanism, α5β1 integrin-based focal adhesions slide actively on the underlying matrix towards the ventral cell center through the dynamic shortening of myosin IIA-associated actin stress fibers to drive rapid fibronectin fibrillogenesis distal to the adhesion. This mechanism contrasts with classical fibronectin assembly based on stable/fixed-position focal adhesions containing αVβ3 integrins plus α5β1 integrin translocation into proximal fibrillar adhesions. On basement membrane components, these sliding focal adhesions contain standard focal adhesion constituents but completely lack classical αVβ3 integrins. Instead, peripheral α3β1 or α2β1 adhesions mediate initial cell attachment, but over time are switched to α5β1 integrin-based sliding focal adhesions to assemble fibronectin matrix. This basement membrane-triggered mechanism produces rapid fibronectin fibrillogenesis, providing a mechanistic explanation for the well-known widespread accumulation of fibronectin at many organ basement membranes.
EZHIP constrains Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 activity in germ cells
Authors: Ragazzini R , Pérez-Palacios R , Baymaz HI , Diop S , Ancelin K , Zielinski D , Michaud A , Givelet M , Borsos M , Aflaki S , Legoix P , Jansen PWTC , Servant N , Torres-Padilla ME , Bourc’his D , Fouchet P , Vermeulen M , Margueron R 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe Polycomb machinery is required for the proper orchestration of gene expression by virtue of its critical role in maintaining transcriptional silencing. It is composed of several chromatin modifying complexes, including Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), which deposits H3K27me2/3. Here, we report the identification of a new cofactor of PRC2, EZHIP (EZH1/2 Inhibitory Protein), expressed predominantly in the gonads. EZHIP limits the enzymatic activity of PRC2 and lessens the interaction between the core complex and its accessory subunits, but does not interfere with PRC2 recruitment to chromatin. Deletion ofEzhipleads to a global increase in H3K27me2/3 deposition both during spermatogenesis and at late stages of oocyte maturation. This alteration of the epigenetic content of mature oocytes does not affect the initial number of follicles but is associated with a reduction of follicles in aging mice. We provide evidences that mature oocytesEzhip-/- are not fully functional and that fertility is strongly impaired inEzhip-/- females. Altogether, our study uncovers EZHIP as a novel functional player in the comprehensive chromatin remodeling that occurs in the gonads.
Patient safety culture in maternity units: a review
Authors: Al Nadabi Waleed , McIntosh Bryan , McClelland Tracy , Mohammed Mohammed 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to summarize studies that have examined patient safety culture in maternity units and describe the different purposes, study designs and tools reported in these studies while highlighting gaps in the literature.Design/methodology/approachPeer-reviewed studies, published in English during 1961–2016 across eight electronic databases, were subjected to a narrative literature review.FindingsAmong 100 articles considered, 28 met the inclusion criteria. The main purposes for studying PSC were: assessing intervention effects on PSC (n=17), and assessing PSC level (n=7). Patient safety culture was mostly assessed quantitatively using validated questionnaires (n=23). The Safety Attitude Questionnaire was the most commonly used questionnaire (n=17). Interventions varied from a single action lasting five weeks to a more comprehensive four year package. The time between baseline and follow-up assessment varied from 6 to 24 months. No study reported measurement or intervention costs, and none incorporated the patient’s voice in assessing PSC.Practical implicationsAssessing PSC in maternity units is feasible using validated questionnaires. Interventions to enhance PSC have not been rigorously evaluated. Future studies should report PSC measurement costs, adopt more rigorous evaluation designs and find ways to incorporate the patient’s voice.Originality/valueThis review summarized studies examining PSC in a highly important area and highlighted main limitations that future studies should consider.
mHealth apps design using quality function deployment
Authors: Barutçu Süleyman 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to draw health managers’, clinicians’, entrepreneurs’ and mobile apps designers’ attention toward new mobile health applications (mHealth apps); second, to define mHealth apps design characteristics intended for doctors; and third, to highlight how mHealth apps can be designed using quality function deployment/house of quality (QFD/HOQ) techniques from doctors’ perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through a survey and in-depth interviews with doctors to understand their needs and attitudes toward mHealth apps. Analytic hierarchy process, QFD and HOQ methods were used to analyze data.

Findings
Doctors agreed that mHealth apps provide them with the tools to improve their service and to become more efficient. Once the 12 doctors’ wants were collected, they were prioritized according to their significance and used for mHealth apps development. Eight technical characteristics that cater to doctors’ expectations were sorted. The authors suggest that mHealth app designers need to provide design requirements recommended by health personnel for a higher satisfaction level.

Originality/value
Healthcare managers are focusing on increasing their efficiency, patient satisfaction and care quality, and decreasing costs. For these purposes, mHealth revolution and mHealth apps have high potential for improving doctor effectiveness and healthcare quality. This study is among the first to: define Turkish doctors’ wants from mHealth apps; elaborate the app’s technical characteristics; and increase design quality, which is implied in improving app design. This research makes a significant contribution to define doctors’ wants from mHealth apps, to elaborate their technical characteristics and to increase mHealth apps design quality using QFD.
Brexit and the EU–UK free trade agreement: dos and don’ts when drafting rules of origin
Authors: Soprano Roberto 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the pros and cons of different models of the European Union (EU)-style Rules of Origin (RoO) that could be chosen by negotiators for a future UK–EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It will also underline the impact that any choice would have on economic operators and certain criteria that should be evaluated before taking any decisions on the adoption of RoO.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper will describe three different RoO models that could be chosen by negotiators. For each of them, it analyses the pros and cons and the impact on economic operators.

Findings
The choice of a RoO would have an impact on future EU–UK trade relations. It will affect the utilization rate of the FTA as well as investment (and divestment) corporate strategies in the UK and EU.

Originality/value
The paper introduces different criteria to evaluate the impact of RoO that should be taken into consideration by negotiators. It emphasizes that RoO should be simple, predictable, coherent, IT compatible and easily adaptable.
“Underground banking” and Myanmar’s changing hundi system
Authors: Thompson Rhys 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine Myanmar’s “hundi” system, an informal value transfer system used widely by local Myanmar citizens and offshore migrant workers to remit money domestically and internationally. Due to historically stringent banking and foreign exchange controls and a lack of domestic and internationally linked financial services, the system grew to become the dominant medium for remittances in Myanmar. It also remains unregulated despite authorities acknowledging its use in criminal and terrorist activity. However, with an expanding and modernising financial sector, there is now increasing competition and challenges facing Myanmar’s hundi system.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on available literature and open source reporting, as well as interviews with former Myanmar Police Force officials.

Findings
This study provides a unique insight into Myanmar’s hundi system, its history and the challenges it faces. The once dominant system remains a known anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) risk and is having to compete with an expanding and modernising formal banking sector and the introduction of fintech and mobile money services. In the short term, these are unlikely to eliminate the hundi system completely, but may instead push hundi operators towards adopting these networks and technologies in their own operations.

Originality/value
Myanmar remains a very under-researched area and there has been a limited focus on its informal hundi remittance system and related AML/CFT issues. This paper will be a useful source for academics, development professionals, policymakers, law enforcement agencies and private sector actors seeking to understand Myanmar’s informal remittance system.
Potential negative effects of a cashless society
Authors: Rivera Joseph Wilfrido 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
In the past few years, several countries have begun to drastically change their economies to be entirely cash free. The point of this policy change is to hopefully prevent the amount of crime that results from the proliferation of cash. However, there are potential negative consequences to this policy change that receive little to no attention and there are several misconceptions regarding the opportunistic nature and resourcefulness of organized crime. As such, this paper aims to attempt to study these potentially negative consequences to provide some warning to countries adopting a cashless economic policy.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a conceptual paper relying upon an understanding of the literature in the fields of sociology, anthropology, psychology and criminology as applied to the topic of money and economic policy.

Findings
This paper discusses numerous negative effects to adopting a cashless economic policy, to include the proliferation of underground financing through the hawala system and organized criminal channels, the increased use of Bitcoin, the more difficult task of tracking currency through bank reporting requirements, and the potential effect of increasing other crimes, which are harder to track.

Research limitations/implications
This is an entirely conceptual paper. As such, it is not able to state definitively whether the outcomes discussed will occur or to what extent it may occur.

Practical implications
This paper could help to serve as a warning for governments wishing to adopt a cashless economic policy, and it may encourage those countries to hopefully develop safeguards to prevent some of the potentially negative effects that might result.

Social implications
This paper expands upon the understanding of money and the various ways that individuals may adapt or react culturally, psychologically or violently to changes in monetary policy or the form of currency itself.

Originality/value
There have been few if any paper discussing the consequences of cashless economic policies and its implications toward organized crime. This paper is unique in both the subject matter being discussed and the conceptual arguments it puts forth.
Financing of terrorism through the banking system
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that it remains feasible for terrorists to use the banking system to transfer funds to finance their activities.

Design/methodology/approach
Based upon a qualitative content analysis of 15 informal interviews with financiers of terrorism and 15 formal interviews with compliance experts and law enforcement officers, concrete methods of financing terrorism through the banking system can be described.

Findings
Even though banks have implemented strict control mechanisms, they often do not give the same attention to terrorism financing as they do to money laundering. Recently, refugees and “tourists” may have been involved in terrorism financing. When it comes to transferring larger amounts of money, terrorists do not necessarily act in their own name, but rather hire “straw men”. Some terrorists have proceeded to set up real companies in Turkey. Terrorists can explain why funds need to be transferred from Europe to Turkey through “charitable contributions”. Transfers of large amounts of money can also be facilitated by lawsuits.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are based on semi-standardized interviews limited to the perspectives of the 30 interviewees.

Practical implications
The identification of gaps in current terrorism-financing prevention mechanisms provides both compliance officers and legislators with valuable insights.

Originality/value
Whilst the existing literature focuses on understanding the channels terrorists can use to finance their activities and on developing prevention mechanisms, this paper emphasizes that terrorists can still use the banking system to accomplish their goals. This paper illustrates ways terrorists can transfer funds through banks.