bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
K.H. Raden Muhammad Adnan (1889-1969 M): Ulama dan Pejuang di Bidang Pendidikan, Politik, dan Agama dari Kauman Surakarta
Authors: Gusmian Islah 
Published: May 2018

This article describes the life history of K.H. R. Muhammad Adnan and the roles he plays in education, social, political, and religious fields. This study is written with a social history approach as well as diachronic and synchronic analysis. The concept of elite developed by Weber, in this article is also used to see the existence of Kiai Adnan as a figure born among the elite and raised in the tradition of pesantren education. His existence has a strong influence on his functional orientation, both social, political, and religious functions. In the field of religion, from the era of physical revolution to independence, Kiai Adnan has played an important role, namely to develop religious education by establishing various schools and boarding schools. In the field of socio-politics, Kiai Adnan appear as a likeable figure and can be accepted by many circles, and made politics as a means of devotion to the nation. The characteristics and his father's upbringing have made him a transformed figure, and throughout his life he has devoted himself to the progress of the nation and the glory of his religion.
Keywords: Kiai, Surakarta, Politics, Islam, Indonesia

Artikel ini menguraikan tentang sejarah hidup K.H. R. Muhammad Adnan dan peran-peran yang dimainkannya di bidang pendidikan, sosial, politik, dan keagamaan. Topik ini ditulis dengan pendekatan sejarah sosial serta analisis diakronis dan analisis sinkronis. Konsep elite yang dikem¬bang¬kan Weber, dalam artikel ini juga dipakai untuk melihat eksistensi Kiai Adnan sebagai sosok yang lahir di kalangan elite dan dibesarkan dalam tradisi pendidikan pesantren. Eksistensinya ini mempunyai penga¬ruh terhadap orientasi fungsionalnya, baik fungsi sosial, politik, dan keaga¬maan. Di bidang agama, sejak era revolusi fisik hingga kemerde¬kaan, Kiai Adnan telah memainkan peran penting, yaitu mengembangkan dunia pendidikan agama dengan mendirikan berbagai sekolah maupun pesantren. Di bidang sosial-politik, Kiai Adnan tampil sebagai tokoh yang cair dan bisa diterima oleh semua kalangan, serta menjadikan politik sebagai sarana pengabdian kepada bangsanya. Karekter dan didikan ayahnya telah menjadikan dirinya sebagai sosok yang telah bertransfor¬masi menjadi dirinya sendiri, dan di sepanjang hidupnya ia mengabdikan dirinya untuk kemajuan bangsa dan kemuliaan agamanya.
Kata kunci: kiai, surakarta, politik, Islam, Indonesia
Effects of female political leaders and child socialisation on Gender-Based Violence in India
Authors: Simister John 
Published: May 2018

This paper studies the risk of domestic violence between husband & wife in India, and the acceptance or rejection of such violence. It investigates how child socialisation influences a person’s attitudes and behaviour in adult life, via a maladaptive pathway. Specifically, it tests the hypothesis that attitudes of men to domestic violence are influenced by whether or not a female politician took on a powerful political role, when they were about 5 years old. Empirical evidence is reported, from ‘Demographic and Health Surveys’ in India. Results indicate that election of a female Prime Minister or President does appear to affect boys; such effects can be detected at the time of interview, sometimes decades after the election of a female leader. This paper does not test effects of childhood socialisation on girls.
Comparing Carbon Dioxide Reduction Strategies in Iran and the European Union Transportation Sector
Authors: Eskafi Fardin 
Published: May 2018

The transportation sector represents a major proportion of the global greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. Fossil fuels supply over 95% of total energy used by the world transportation sector and this sector is responsible for 23% of the world energy related GHGs emissions. Factors such as number of mobile sources (vehicles), variety of technologies, many consumers with various driving behaviour, and variety of fuels (from conventional to alternative with different quality) have caused a more complicated situation for decision makers aiming to develop policies of CO2 emissions reduction in this sector. This study compares European and Iranian experience in developing carbon dioxide-related policies in transportation sector. Vehicle production in Iran has grown dramatically during the last decade. But, due to the high energy subsidies on the local market, weak technical regulations, and low access to new technologies, Iranian automakers have not enhanced the fuel efficiency of new products as their global counterparts. It is expected that fuel demand in Iran will grow along with the growth of the motorization rate and fuel efficiency level of the road fleet. Benchmarking with the European policies along with the SWOT analysis has concluded four strategies as the core concept of this analysis: mandatory regulation versus voluntary agreement, CO2 emissions versus fuel consumption regulation, approaching efficient fiscal policies (taxes for conventional and subsidies for low carbon fuels), and dieselization of the LDVs fleet. The fifth strategy, as national fuel economy regulation, should be addressed to coordinate the others. In this regards, a set of policy packages should be developed relating to governmental institutions. It should be mentioned that increasing public awareness should be addressed as the basic approach of any strategic roadmap in the country.
Analysis of Global River Restoration Experiences: Learnings and Policy Measures in the Indian Context
Authors: Bedarkar Madhura , Dhingra Urvashi Gill , Mishra Mahima , Gopalkrishnan Santosh 
Published: May 2018

A majority of rivers across the globe are severely impacted due to human-induced activities. As a response to this challenge, river restoration efforts have been undertaken worldwide to rejuvenate and restore rivers to their natural state. India is no exception to this. This paper discusses river restoration programmes undertaken across the world to draw learning for river restoration in India. It also presents a critical analysis of river restoration in India, with specific reference to three case studies. The method adopted for this study is benchmarking based on literature review on global river restoration experiences, supported by structured expert interviews. The paper concludes that there are certain issues with river restoration in India. River restoration projects are criticized on several grounds such as poor design, over-emphasis on beautification or ‘cosmetic make-over’ of the river and lack of public involvement and awareness. Consequently, despite of spending gigantic amounts on restoration, very little is being achieved. The study recommends that river restoration projects should have well-defined objectives, based on which a pre and post impact assessment should be conducted. There should also be greater involvement and participation of local communities, which is essential for sustaining the restored river.
Relation of white matter hyperintensities and motor deficits in chronic stroke
Authors: Hicks Jarrod M. , Taub Edward , Womble Brent , Barghi Ameen , Rickards Tyler , Mark Victor W. , Uswatte Gitendra 
Published: May 2018

Background: Infarct size and location account for only a relatively small portion of post-stroke motor impairment, suggesting that other less obvious factors may be involved. Objective: Examine the relationship between white matter hyperintensity (WMH) load among other factors and upper extremity motor deficit in patients with mild to moderate chronic stroke. Methods: The magnetic resonance images of 28 patients were studied. WMH load was assessed as total WMH volume and WMH overlap with the corticospinal tract in the centrum semiovale. Hemiparetic arm function was measured using the Motor Activity Log (MAL) and Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). Results: Hierarchical multiple regression models found WMH volume predicted motor deficits in both real-world arm use (MAL;ΔR2 = 0.12, F(1, 22) = 4.73, p = 0.04) and in arm motor capacity as measured by a laboratory motor function test (WMFT;ΔR2 = 0.18, F(1, 22) = 6.32, p = 0.02) over and above age and lesion characteristics. However, these models accounted for less than half of the variance in post-stroke motor deficits. Conclusion: The results suggest that WMH may be an important factor to consider in stroke-related upper extremity motor impairment. Nonetheless, the basis of the largest part of the post-stroke motor deficit remains unaccounted for by structural CNS factors. This component may be behavioral or learned, involving learned nonuse.
Derivation and validation of a clinical prediction rule for sleep apnoea syndrome for use in primary care
Authors: Miranda Serrano Erika , Lopez-Picado Amanda , Etxagibel Aitziber , Casi Alfonso , Cancelo Laura , Aguirregomoscorta Jose Ignacio , Menéndez Itziar , Gonzalez Monica , Aizpuru Felipe 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundSeveral clinical prediction rules (CPRs) are available for sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (OSAH), but they are difficult to apply in primary care (PC).AimDerivation and validation of a CPR using simple measurements available in PC.Design & settingA prospective study conducted in health centres from the area of influence of three Spanish hospitals.MethodPatients (aged 18–70 years) who attended for any reason; who presented with at least one of the three key symptoms for OSAH (snoring, breathing pauses while sleeping, and daytime sleepiness); and who were not undergoing non-invasive ventilation or prior treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) were included. Anthropometric data, smoking habit, comorbidities, and Epworth test were collected. Patients were subsequently referred to the sleep unit (SU), where the decision was taken whether or not to instigate treatment. A multivariate logistic model was constructed using a sub-sample and scores assigned based on the regression coefficients; the CPR was validated with the remaining sample. Both receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values calculated.ResultsThe derivation sample comprised 352 patients, with 260 in the validation sample. The final factors (arterial hypertension [AHT], age, body mass index [BMI], and sex) were used to develop a rule with scores ranging from 0.00–5.50. The cut-off point that optimises the area under the curve (AUC) is ≥2.50 points (AUC = 0.78; sensitivity = 86%; specificity = 54%; positive predictive value [PPV] = 45%; negative predictive value [NPV] = 90%; likelihood ratio [LR] = 0.26). The properties for the validation sample with this cut-off point are as follows: AUC = 0.68; sensitivity = 81%; specificity = 43%; PPV = 61%; NPV = 68%; LR = 0.44.ConclusionAs in similar cases, the specificity is low, meaning that healthy people are referred to a specialist. A negative result rules out the disease in most cases.
Removing the Impact of Correlated PSF Uncertainties in Weak Lensing
Authors: Lu Tianhuan , Zhang Jun , Dong Fuyu , Li Yingke , Liu Dezi , Fu Liping , Li Guoliang , Fan Zuhui 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Accurate reconstruction of the spatial distributions of the point-spread function (PSF) is crucial for high precision cosmic shear measurements. Nevertheless, current methods are not good at recovering the PSF fluctuations of high spatial frequencies. In general, the residual PSF fluctuations are spatially correlated, and therefore can significantly contaminate the correlation functions of the weak lensing signals. We propose a method to correct for this contamination statistically, without any assumptions on the PSF and galaxy morphologies or their spatial distribution. We demonstrate our idea with the data from the W2 field of CFHTLenS.
Exploring the Atmosphere of Neoproterozoic Earth: The Effect of O2 on Haze Formation and Composition
Authors: Hörst Sarah M. , He Chao , Ugelow Melissa S. , Jellinek A. Mark , Pierrehumbert Raymond T. , Tolbert Margaret A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Previous studies of haze formation in the atmosphere of the early Earth have focused on N2/CO2/CH4 atmospheres. Here, we experimentally investigate the effect of O2 on the formation and composition of aerosols to improve our understanding of haze formation on the Neoproterozoic Earth. We obtained in situ size, particle density, and composition measurements of aerosol particles produced from N2/CO2/CH4/O2 gas mixtures subjected to FUV radiation (115–400 nm) for a range of initial CO2/CH4/O2 mixing ratios (O2 ranging from 2 ppm to 0.2%). At the lowest O2 concentration (2 ppm), the addition increased particle production for all but one gas mixture. At higher oxygen concentrations (20 ppm and greater), particles are still produced, but the addition of O2 decreases the production rate. Both the particle size and number density decrease with increasing O2, indicating that O2 affects particle nucleation and growth. The particle density increases with increasing O2. The addition of CO2 and O2 not only increases the amount of oxygen in the aerosol, but it also increases the degree of nitrogen incorporation. In particular, the addition of O2 results in the formation of nitrate-bearing molecules. The fact that the presence of oxygen-bearing molecules increases the efficiency of nitrogen fixation has implications for the role of haze as a source of molecules required for the origin and evolution of life. The composition changes also likely affect the absorption and scattering behavior of these particles but optical property measurements are required to fully understand the implications for the effect on the planetary radiative energy balance and climate.
Nearby Early-type Galactic Nuclei at High Resolution: Dynamical Black Hole and Nuclear Star Cluster Mass Measurements
Authors: Nguyen Dieu D. , Seth Anil C. , Neumayer Nadine , Kamann Sebastian , Voggel Karina T. , Cappellari Michele , Picotti Arianna , Nguyen Phuong M. , Böker Torsten , Debattista Victor , Caldwell Nelson , McDermid Richard , Bastian Nathan , Ahn Christopher C. , Pechetti Renuka 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present a detailed study of the nuclear star clusters (NSCs) and massive black holes (BHs) of four of the nearest low-mass early-type galaxies: M32, NGC 205, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206. We measure the dynamical masses of both the BHs and NSCs in these galaxies using Gemini/NIFS or VLT/SINFONI stellar kinematics, Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging, and Jeans anisotropic models. We detect massive BHs in M32, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206, while in NGC 205, we find only an upper limit. These BH mass estimates are consistent with previous measurements in M32 and NGC 205, while those in NGC 5102 and NGC 5206 are estimated for the first time and both found to be <106
M
⊙. This adds to just a handful of galaxies with dynamically measured sub-million M
⊙ central BHs. Combining these BH detections with our recent work on NGC 404's BH, we find that 80% (4/5) of nearby, low-mass (

M
⊙;

km s−1) early-type galaxies host BHs. Such a high occupation fraction suggests that the BH seeds formed in the early epoch of cosmic assembly likely resulted in abundant seeds, favoring a low-mass seed mechanism of the remnants, most likely from the first generation of massive stars. We find dynamical masses of the NSCs ranging from 2 to 73 × 106
M
⊙ and compare these masses to scaling relations for NSCs based primarily on photometric mass estimates. Color gradients suggest that younger stellar populations lie at the centers of the NSCs in three of the four galaxies (NGC 205, NGC 5102, and NGC 5206), while the morphology of two are complex and best fit with multiple morphological components (NGC 5102 and NGC 5206). The NSC kinematics show they are rotating, especially in M32 and NGC 5102 (

).
A cybercatalogue of American sand fly types (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) deposited at the Natural History Museum, London
Authors: Adams Zoe , Shimabukuro Paloma 
Published: May 2018

Sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) are biting flies involved in the transmission of pathogens, including the protozoan parasite Leishmania amongst human and non-human animals (Rangel and Lainson 2009).
A total of 60 species of American Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae), distributed amongst 16 genera were studied. A checklist of the primary and secondary type specimens held at the Natural History Museum, London (NHMUK), is given and 968 photographs of the specimens and their labels are made available on a Scratchpads website http://phlebotominaenhmtypes.myspecies.info.
Risk Factors for Intraarticular Heterotopic Bone Formation in the Temporomandibular Joint in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Stoll Matthew L. , Amin Dina , Powell Kathlyn K. , Poholek Catherine H. , Strait Rachel H. , Aban Inmaculada , Beukelman Timothy , Young Daniel W. , Cron Randy Q. , Waite Peter D. 
Published: May 2018

Objective.Intraarticular corticosteroid (IAC) injections are often used to treat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthritis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). One potential complication of IA therapy is heterotopic bone formation (HBF). The purpose of our study was to evaluate risk factors for HBF development in children with JIA who received IA therapy for TMJ arthritis.Methods.This was a retrospective study of children with JIA who had received ≥ 1 IAC injection into the TMJ. Survival regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for the development of HBF.Results.There were 238 children included, of whom 33 (14%) developed HBF. No cases of HBF were diagnosed prior to the initial injection. Univariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for development of HBF were the total number of injections received into the TMJ and age at diagnosis of JIA, while the length of time from diagnosis of JIA to the first injection was inversely associated with the risk of HBF formation. The total number of injections was no longer significant following adjusted survival models. Children with HBF had increased physical examination evidence of acute or chronic changes, namely decreased maximal incisal opening and increased likelihood of jaw deviation.Conclusion.HBF within the TMJ is relatively common in patients with JIA receiving IAC injections for TMJ arthritis. Future prospective studies are required to delineate the risks posed by the injections themselves as opposed to the underlying disease activity, as well as to evaluate alternative forms of local therapy to the TMJ.
Penser le carnaval
Authors: Moraes Daniela 
Published: May 2018

L’objectif de ce travail est de réunir les lexies du champ sémantique du Carnaval dans les œuvres en portugais et dans la traduction française de l’écrivain bahianais Jorge Amado (1912-2001), et de réaliser un petit glossaire bilingue. Dona Flor et ses deux maris est la 20 e œuvre de l’écrivain ; elle présente 48 éditions brésiliennes et a été traduite en 19 langues. Ce roman constitue une des charnières de la littérature amadienne , d’abord parce qu’il a été écrit et publié après que l’écrivain se soit détaché du Parti Communiste et ensuite parce qu’il se déroule dans l’espace carnavalesque de Salvador dans les années 1940. Il est très important de construire un glossaire bilingue du carnaval bahianais pour que les lecteurs lusophones et francophones puissent se familiariser avec cet univers de Jorge Amado.
Penser le carnaval
Authors: De Oliveira Humberto Luiz L. 
Published: May 2018

Pendant le Carnaval, des milliers d’hommes et de femmes défilent sous la protection des Orishas , dans les rues de Salvador de Bahia, en chantant et en dansant au rythme ijexá des chansons en langue nagô. Parmi ces sociétés à forte connotation religieuse et étroitement liées au Candomblé, se détachent Les Fils de Gandhi. Notre but dans ce travail est d’accompagner la trajectoire de ces groupes poursuivis par la police dans les années vingt et trente du dernier siècle, méprisés pendant plusieurs décennies et qui constituent, à partir des années quatre-vingt du xx	e siècle, l’une des principales attractions du Carnaval de Bahia et aussi d’autres villes brésiliennes, attirant une multitude de spectateurs. Loin de paraître un paradoxe ou une contradiction, le profane est renforcé par la présence du sacré. La fête « païenne » est aussi constituée du Sacré qui, soit par la musique sacrée, soit par les chants sacrés ou encore par les rituels voués au Saint, vont « ouvrir les chemins », tout en permettant de légitimer et aussi d’offrir les contours de ce qui est la démesure, tout en évitant les dangers qui pourraient nuire aux jouissances, à la joie et au bien-être. Moment attendu pour tous et pour toutes, l’arrivée de l’Afoxé entraîne tous les regards, fait taire tous les autres rythmes, tous les autres sons, y compris celui du Trio Elétrico . L’Afoxé devient la fête même et s’impose à toutes les autres manifestations. Silence, vénération, voire componction sont les sentiments qui se dégagent de la multitude presque en extase et qui cesse de bouger, de chanter et danser pour devenir assistante, pour attendre l’aspersion de l’eau parfumée et « bénite ». Soulagés et se trouvant élus, après le passage de l’Afoxé, les hommes et les femmes pourront s’appliquer avec ardeur aux festivités ; ils se sentiront capables, légitimés, voire « protégés » pour s’adonner entièrement aux plaisirs inhérents au Carnaval : le rire, la danse, le chant, la boisson, le sexe. Nous montrerons aussi comment cette célébration du métissage de la culture brésilienne avait déjà été préfigurée de manière inaugurale sous la plume du grand écrivain bahianais Jorge Amado, dans son roman La Boutique aux miracles (1969).
Temps de crise pour la dissuasion ? La question nucléaire nord-coréenne à l’aune de la stratégie nucléaire
Authors: Henrotin Joseph 
Published: May 2018

Ce papier cherche à comprendre comment la Corée du Nord se positionne à l’égard de l’armement nucléaire. Il analyse ensuite en quoi les capacités nucléaires de Pyongyang seraient de nature à nourrir une « crise » de la stratégie comme de la dissuasion nucléaire à la fois en tant que concepts mais aussi en tant que pratiques. La question qui se pose alors, dans ce derniers cas, est de savoir si une Corée du Nord nucléarisée est de nature à inciter à la prolifération nucléaire.
Seed-setting habit of a semidwarf common buckwheat line
Authors: Kasajima Shinya , Hatae Kazuki , Morishita Toshikazu 
Published: May 2018

The seed-setting habit of a semidwarf common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) line was evaluated in a field experiment under standardand high nitrogen levels. The ‘semidwarf line’ and ‘Kitawasesoba’were used in the present study. The main stem length of the ‘semidwarf line’ was approximately two thirds of that of the ‘Kitawasesoba’.Minimal differences were observed inthe numbers of nodes on the main stem and primary branches of the ‘semidwarf line’ and ‘Kitawasesoba’ among genotypes and nitrogen levels.No drastic decline of seed yield by the shortening of the main stem length along with the introduction of dwarfness was observed in the ‘semidwarf line’ compared with ‘Kitawasesoba’. The number of flower clusters per plant of the ‘semidwarf line’ in the high nitrogen plot tended to be greater than that of the ‘semidwarf line’ in the standard nitrogen plot and ‘Kitawasesoba’ in bothnitrogen plots. This increase inflower clusters occurred on branches. The number of seeds of the ‘semidwarf line’ in the standard nitrogen plot was considerably lower than that of the ‘Kitawasesoba’ in both nitrogen plots.Similar tendencies were observed in the weights of seeds. The decline of seed number and weight of the ‘semidwarf line’ in the standard nitrogen plot was mainly observed in branches. From these results, it was found that the seed-set in the ‘semidwarf line’ can be improved by nitrogen fertilizer application. Furthermore, seed production on branches may play an important role in the high-yielding ability of semidwarf common buckwheat.