bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercomparison of phenological transition dates derived from the PhenoCam Dataset V1.0 and MODIS satellite remote sensing
Authors: Richardson Andrew D. , Hufkens Koen , Milliman Tom , Frolking Steve 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhenology is a valuable diagnostic of ecosystem health, and has applications to environmental monitoring and management. Here, we conduct an intercomparison analysis using phenological transition dates derived from near-surface PhenoCam imagery and MODIS satellite remote sensing. We used approximately 600 site-years of data, from 128 camera sites covering a wide range of vegetation types and climate zones. During both “greenness rising” and “greenness falling” transition phases, we found generally good agreement between PhenoCam and MODIS transition dates for agricultural, deciduous forest, and grassland sites, provided that the vegetation in the camera field of view was representative of the broader landscape. The correlation between PhenoCam and MODIS transition dates was poor for evergreen forest sites. We discuss potential reasons (including sub-pixel spatial heterogeneity, flexibility of the transition date extraction method, vegetation index sensitivity in evergreen systems, and PhenoCam geolocation uncertainty) for varying agreement between time series of vegetation indices derived from PhenoCam and MODIS imagery. This analysis increases our confidence in the ability of satellite remote sensing to accurately characterize seasonal dynamics in a range of ecosystems, and provides a basis for interpreting those dynamics in the context of tangible phenological changes occurring on the ground.
Structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of Fe82Si4B10P4 metallic glass
Authors: Chen Hui , Dong Bangshao , Zhou Shaoxiong , Li Xinxin , Qin Jingyu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of Fe82Si4B10P4 metallic glass were systemically investigated by theoretical simulations. Strong atomic interaction between Fe and metalloid atoms can be observed, while the direct metalloid-metalloid atomic bonds are rare due to the solute-solute avoidance effect. The calculated value of saturation magnetic flux density (B
S
) is ~1.65 T, approaching to experimental result, which is contributed by not only the electron exchange between Fe and metalloid atoms, but also the p-d orbital hybridization of Fe atoms. Moreover, Fe atoms with neighboring P atom behaving larger magnetic moments reveals the important role of P element for promoting the B
S
value. The potential correlation between magnetic behaviors and the local atomic packing in this study sheds some light on the structural origin of the soft magnetic properties and, thereby the theoretical guidance for the development of new soft-magnetic metallic glasses.
Palladium gates for reproducible quantum dots in silicon
Authors: Brauns Matthias , Amitonov Sergey V. , Spruijtenburg Paul-Christiaan , Zwanenburg Floris A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe replace the established aluminium gates for the formation of quantum dots in silicon with gates made from palladium. We study the morphology of both aluminium and palladium gates with transmission electron microscopy. The native aluminium oxide is found to be formed all around the aluminium gates, which could lead to the formation of unintentional dots. Therefore, we report on a novel fabrication route that replaces aluminium and its native oxide by palladium with atomic-layer-deposition-grown aluminium oxide. Using this approach, we show the formation of low-disorder gate-defined quantum dots, which are reproducibly fabricated. Furthermore, palladium enables us to further shrink the gate design, allowing us to perform electron transport measurements in the few-electron regime in devices comprising only two gate layers, a major technological advancement. It remains to be seen, whether the introduction of palladium gates can improve the excellent results on electron and nuclear spin qubits defined with an aluminium gate stack.
Protein-enriched outer membrane vesicles as a native platform for outer membrane protein studies
Authors: Thoma Johannes , Manioglu Selen , Kalbermatter David , Bosshart Patrick D. , Fotiadis Dimitrios , Müller Daniel J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMost studies characterizing the folding, structure, and function of membrane proteins rely on solubilized or reconstituted samples. Whereas solubilized membrane proteins lack the functionally important lipid membrane, reconstitution embeds them into artificial lipid bilayers, which lack characteristic features of cellular membranes including lipid diversity, composition and asymmetry. Here, we utilize outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from Escherichia coli to study outer membrane proteins (Omps) in the native membrane environment. Enriched in the native membrane of the OMV we characterize the assembly, folding, and structure of OmpG, FhuA, Tsx, and BamA. Comparing Omps in OMVs to those reconstituted into artificial lipid membranes, we observe different unfolding pathways for some Omps. This observation highlights the importance of the native membrane environment to maintain the native structure and function relationship of Omps. Our fast and easy approach paves the way for functional and structural studies of Omps in the native membrane.
Investigating the young solar system analog HD 95086
Authors: Chauvin G. , Gratton R. , Bonnefoy M. , Lagrange A.-M. , de Boer J. , Vigan A. , Beust H. , Lazzoni C. , Boccaletti A. , Galicher R. , Desidera S. , Delorme P. , Keppler M. , Lannier J. , Maire A.-L. , Mesa D. , Meunier N. , Kral Q. , Henning T. , Menard F. , Moor A. , Avenhaus H. , Bazzon A. , Janson M. , Beuzit J.-L. , Bhowmik T. , Bonavita M. , Borgniet S. , Brandner W. , Cheetham A. , Cudel M. , Feldt M. , Fontanive C. , Ginski C. , Hagelberg J. , Janin-Potiron P. , Lagadec E. , Langlois M. , Le Coroller H. , Messina S. , Meyer M. , Mouillet D. , Peretti S. , Perrot C. , Rodet L. , Samland M. , Sissa E. , Olofsson J. , Salter G. , Schmidt T. , Zurlo A. , Milli J. , van Boekel R. , Quanz S. , Feautrier P. , Le Mignant D. , Perret D. , Ramos J. , Rochat S. 
Published: April 2018

Context. HD 95086 (A8V, 17 Myr) hosts a rare planetary system for which a multi-belt debris disk and a giant planet of 4–5 MJup have been directly imaged.
Aims. Our study aims to characterize the global architecture of this young system using the combination of radial velocity and direct imaging observations. We want to characterize the physical and orbital properties of HD 95086 b, search for additional planets at short and wide orbits and image the cold outer debris belt in scattered light.
Methods. We used HARPS at the ESO 3.6 m telescope to monitor the radial velocity of HD 95086 over two years and investigate the existence of giant planets at less than 3 au orbital distance. With the IRDIS dual-band imager and the IFS integral field spectrograph of SPHERE at VLT, we imaged the faint circumstellar environment beyond 10 au at six epochs between 2015 and 2017.
Results. We do not detect additional giant planets around HD 95086. We identify the nature (bound companion or background contaminant) of all point-like sources detected in the IRDIS field of view. None of them correspond to the ones recently discovered near the edge of the cold outer belt by ALMA. HD 95086 b is resolved for the first time in J-band with IFS. Its near-infrared spectral energy distribution is well fitted by a few dusty and/or young L7–L9 dwarf spectral templates. The extremely red 1–4 μm spectral distribution is typical of low-gravity objects at the L/T spectral type transition. The planet’s orbital motion is resolved between January 2015 and May 2017. Together with past NaCo measurements properly re-calibrated, our orbital fitting solutions favor a retrograde low to moderate-eccentricity orbit e = 0.2+0.3−0.2, with a semi-major axis ~52 au corresponding to orbital periods of ~288 yr and an inclination that peaks at i = 141°, which is compatible with a planet-disk coplanar configuration. Finally, we report the detection in polarimetric differential imaging of the cold outer debris belt between 100 and 300 au, consistent in radial extent with recent ALMA 1.3 mm resolved observations.
Das Fundament jeder Behandlung
Authors: Casagrande C 
Published: April 2018

SummaryDas Fundament jeder Behandlung ist es, die Individualität des Patienten zu achten, seine persönlichen Reaktionsmuster ernst zu nehmen und immer wieder zu überprüfen, ob das eigene therapeutische Können seinen Bedürfnissen gerecht wird. Die DHZ-Kolumne von HP Christina Casagrande.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Grace 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that the gut microbiome, which consists of trillions of microbes representing over 1,000 species of bacteria with over 3 million genes, significantly impacts intestinal health and disease. The gut microbiota not only is capable of promoting intestinal homeostasis and antitumor responses but can also contribute to chronic dysregulated inflammation as well as have genotoxic effects that lead to carcinogenesis. Whether the gut microbiota maintains health or promotes colon cancer may ultimately depend on the composition of the gut microbiome and the balance within the microbial community of protective and detrimental bacterial populations. Disturbances in the normal balanced state of a healthful microbiome, known as dysbiosis, have been observed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, whether these alterations precede and cause CRC remains to be determined. Nonetheless, studies in mice strongly suggest that the gut microbiota can modulate susceptibility to CRC, and therefore may serve as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Dynamic Quantitative Assessment of Motor Axon Sprouting after Direct Facial–Hypoglossal End-To-Side Neurorrhaphy in Rats
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Zhang Zhang , Liao Chenlong , Zhong Wenxiang , Li Pengyang , Zhang Wenchuan 
Published: April 2018

Background End-to-side (ETS) neurorrhaphy is a promising procedure for peripheral nerve repair, yet controversies regarding the efficacy of this repair in facial nerve anastomosis for facial paralysis still exist.
Materials and Methods Thirty rats were divided into three groups: intact control group, direct facial–hypoglossal ETS neurorrhaphy, and end-to-end (ETE) neurorrhaphy. Nerve regeneration was assessed with vibrissae motor performance, electrophysiological tests, retrograde labeling, and histomorphological analysis at 4 and 8 months postoperatively.
Results Both ETS and ETE neurorrhaphies resulted in axonal regeneration and functional recovery of the recipient nerve but did not reach the level of intact controls. Significantly higher numbers of myelinated axons and labeled neurons giving regenerating fibers were found in group ETE compared with group ETS at both time points, consistent with the functional and electrophysiological recovery. Group ETS showed significantly smaller fiber diameter and thinner myelin thickness than group ETE at 4 months, but the difference became nonsignificant at 8 months. ETS neurorrhaphy had a very slight effect on the donor nerve, as determined electrophysiologically and histomorphologically. Sparsely distributed double-labeled neurons and relatively large amounts of single-labeled neurons contributing to reinnervation were found through double retrograde neuronal labeling in group ETS. Further quantitative analysis of the percentage of double-labeled neurons showed a pronounced tendency to decline from 19.8% at 4 months to 6.0% at 8 months postoperatively.
Conclusion Successful reinnervation after ETS neurorrhaphy could be achieved through both collateral sprouting and terminal sprouting, with the latter seeming to be the principal origin of motor nerve sprouting.
Entzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankungen und neurologische Manifestationen
Authors: Bickel A. , Kötter I. , Röther J. 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungEntzündliche Erkrankungen des peripheren und zentralen Nervensystems sind oft eine Herausforderung, und regelmäßig stellt sich die Frage nach einer entzündlich-rheumatischen Grunderkrankung. Die Erstdiagnose einer Vaskulitis oder einer Kollagenose erfolgt sowohl in der Neurologie als auch in der Rheumatologie und daher benötigen Rheumatologen neurologisches Symptomwissen und Neurologen ein Verständnis der entzündlich-rheumatischen Krankheitszeichen. Die diagnostische Zuordnung kann eindeutig sein, wenn typische Symptomkonstellationen vorhanden und diagnostische Kriterien seitens der zerebralen Bildgebung und der Labordiagnostik passend sind. Häufig ist aber der Nachweis einer entzündlich-rheumatologischen Erkrankung erschwert, und eine enge Kooperation zwischen dem neurologischen und rheumatologischen Fachgebiet ist sinnvoll. Wir geben nachfolgend eine Übersicht über die häufigsten neurologischen Manifestationen entzündlich-rheumatologischer Erkrankungen und deren moderne Therapieoptionen.
Future Perspectives in the Management of Nerve Injuries
Authors: Mackinnon Susan 
Published: April 2018

Aim The author presents a solicited “white paper” outlining her perspective on the role of nerve transfers in the management of nerve injuries.
Methods PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were evaluated to compare nerve graft and nerve transfer. An evaluation of the scientific literature by review of index articles was also performed to compare the number of overall clinical publications of nerve repair, nerve graft, and nerve transfer. Finally, a survey regarding the prevalence of nerve transfer surgery was administrated to the World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery (WSRM) results.
Results Both nerve graft and transfer can generate functional results and the relative success of graft versus transfer depended on the function to be restored and the specific transfers used. Beginning in the early 1990s, there has been a rapid increase from baseline of nerve transfer publications such that clinical nerve transfer publication now exceeds those of nerve repair or nerve graft. Sixty-two responses were received from WSRM membership. These surgeons reported their frequency of “usually or always using nerve transfers for repairing brachial plexus injuries as 68%, radial nerves as 27%, median as 25%, and ulnar as 33%. They reported using nerve transfers” sometimes for brachial plexus 18%, radial nerve 30%, median nerve 34%, ulnar nerve 35%.
Conclusion Taken together this evidence suggests that nerve transfers do offer an alternative technique along with tendon transfers, nerve repair, and nerve grafts.
Is the Oblique Branch a Preferable Vascular Pedicle for Anterolateral Thigh Free Flaps?
Authors: Deng Chengliang , Nie Kaiyu , Jin Wenhu , Li Hai , Li Shujun , Wu Bihua , Wang Dali , Wei Zairong 
Published: April 2018

Background The oblique branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery is considered an alternative vascular pedicle of the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. However, the oblique branch has several advantages over the descending branch.
Methods A total of 61 consecutive ALT free flaps were harvested according to Yu's ABC system. Vascular pedicle dimensions and length, artery course, perforator origins, and flap harvest time with the oblique branch or the descending branch were recorded. We classified the ALT flaps with oblique branches into three types according to the origin of perforator B. Type I flaps were those where perforator B originated from the descending branch. Type II flaps were those without perforator B. Type III flaps were those where perforator B originated from the oblique branch.
Results The mean ± standard deviation (SD) diameter of the oblique branch at its origin was 1.68 ± 0.51 mm, with an average ± SD pedicle length of 12.92 ± 3.7 cm, while that of the descending branch was 2.27 ± 0.49 mm and 18.73 ± 5.14 cm, respectively. The percentage of septocutaneous perforators from the oblique branch was 35.59%, while that from the descending branch was 15.38%. The flap harvest time with the oblique branch was 33.73 ± 11.68 minutes, while that of the descending branch was 52.27 ± 7.21 minutes. Based on the origin of perforator B, 7 cases had type I ALT flaps, 4 had type II ALT flaps, and 10 had type III ALT flaps. Various ALT flaps based on the oblique branch were harvested, and good clinical results were achieved.
Conclusion The oblique branch is sufficiently large and can be reliably used as the flap pedicle. It may be the preferred vascular pedicle for ALT free flaps.
Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest (≥ 28°C) with Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion for Total Arch Replacement with Frozen Elephant Trunk Technique
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmad Ali , Risteski Petar , Ay Mahmut , Papadopoulos Nestoras , Moritz Anton , Zierer Andreas 
Published: April 2018

Objectives The optimal hypothermic level during circulatory arrest in aortic arch surgery remains controversial, particularly in frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedures. We describe herein our experience for total arch replacement with FET technique under moderate systemic hypothermic circulatory arrest (≥ 28°C) during selective antegrade cerebral perfusion.
Methods Between January 2009 and January 2016, 38 consecutive patients underwent elective total arch replacement for various aortic arch pathologies with FET technique using the E-vita Open hybrid prosthesis (Jotec GmbH, Hechingen, Germany). Selective unilateral or bilateral cerebral perfusion under moderate systemic hypothermic circulatory arrest (28.7°C ± 0.5°C) was used in all patients. Minimally invasive total arch replacement with FET via partial upper sternotomy was performed in 15 patients (39%) and in the remaining 23 patients (61%) via full sternotomy. Mean late follow-up was 3 ± 2 years and was 98% complete. Clinical data were prospectively entered into our institutional database.
Results Cardiopulmonary bypass time accounted for 198 ± 58 minutes and the myocardial ischemic time 109 ± 29 minutes. Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion time was 55 ± 6 minutes. Lower body circulatory arrest time was 39 ± 11 minutes. Unilateral cerebral perfusion was performed in 31 patients (82%), and bilateral in 7 patients (18%). Intensive care unit stay was 4 ± 3 days. Thirty-day mortality was 5% (n = 2). Late survival at 3 years was 87 ± 3%. Two patients (5%) required reexploration for bleeding. Patients were discharged after a hospital length of stay of 7 ± 2 days. Postoperative permanent neurologic complication occurred in two patients (5%). Three patients (8%) experienced a transient neurologic disorder. New transient renal replacement therapy was necessary in three patients (8%). No spinal cord injury was noted.
Conclusions Our data suggest that moderate systemic hypothermic circulatory arrest (≥ 28°C) in combination with antegrade cerebral perfusion can safely be applied for total aortic arch replacement with FET and offers sufficient neurologic and visceral organ protection.
Ten Years' Experience in Robotic-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Early Stage Lung Cancer
Authors: Casiraghi Monica , Galetta Domenico , Borri Alessandro , Tessitore Adele , Romano Rosalia , Diotti Cristina , Brambilla Daniela , Maisonneuve Patrick , Spaggiari Lorenzo 
Published: April 2018

Background This study analyzed the short- and long-term outcomes of robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods From November 2006 to December 2016, we performed 363 RATS procedures. This study retrospectively reviewed 339 patients who underwent RATS for clinical stages I (n = 318) or II (n = 21) NSCLC.
Results Twenty-nine patients underwent segmentectomy, 307 lobectomy, and 3 pneumonectomy. Conversion occurred in 22 patients (6.5%): 15 (4.4%) due to technical issues, 4 (1.2%) for oncological reasons, and 3 (0.9%) for bleeding. The median number of N1 and N2 stations resected was 2 and 3, respectively, and the median number of N1 and N2 lymph nodes resected was 9 and 6, respectively. Median operative time was 192 minutes for lobectomy, 172 minutes for segmentectomy, and 275 minutes for pneumonectomy. Median length of hospital stay was 5 days (2–191). The most common postoperative complication was prolonged air leak (12.1%). Major complications occurred in eight patients (2.4%). The 30-day and 90-day operative mortality was 0% and 0.3%, respectively. Two and 5-year cancer-specific survival rate was 96.1% and 91.5%, respectively. Five-year survival rate was 96.2% for patients who underwent segmentectomy, and 89.1% for lobectomy. All three patients who underwent pneumonectomy were alive at 5 years with no disease.
Conclusions Besides the well-known short-term outcomes showing very low morbidity and mortality rates, mediastinal lymph node dissection during RATS adequately assesses lymph node stations detecting occult lymph node metastasis and leading to excellent oncologic results. However, these results await longer follow-up studies.
Previous History of Breast Cancer Increases Rates of Pulmonary Embolism and Costs after Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Evaluation of 185,114 Matched Patients
Authors: Rosas Samuel , Luo T. , Jinnah Alexander , Marquez-Lara Alejandro , Roche Martin , Emory Cynthia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRisk factors for adverse events after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) relating to malignancy have not been well studied. Thus, the purpose of this study was to conduct a retrospective case–control outcome and cost analysis after TKA in this population. Patients with a history of breast cancer (BrCa) were identified based on the International Classification of Disease 9th revision codes. An age- and sex-matched cohort was also identified of patients without a history of BrCa. Complications, length of stay, comorbidity burden, and reimbursements were tracked at 90 days. Each cohort comprised 92,557 patients. Length of stay was similar between cohorts (p = 0.627). Comorbidity status and incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE), lower extremity ultrasound, and chest computed tomography (CT) use were higher in patients with a history of BrCa (p < 0.05 for all). Control patients had a lower incidence of acute myocardial infarction (0.14 vs. 0.21%; p < 0.001). Surgical complications were similar. The 90-day reimbursements were greater in patients with a history of BrCa (US$13,990 vs. US$13,033 for controls; p = 0.021). Surgeons should be aware of the increased risk of PE after TKA in patients with a history of BrCa as well as increased 90-day costs, which warrant great attention.