bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capabilities of consistent application of geophysical and geochemical surveys of medieval settlements destroyed by plowing
Authors: Zhurbin Igor V. , Borisov Alexander V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCurrently, most of the archaeological sites on the western Urals (Russian Federation) are heavily destroyed by plowing. Archaeological excavations on the entire area of large monuments, such as medieval rural settlements, are impossible, while local excavations do not provide enough information about the boundaries and layout of the monument as a whole. To obtain more complete information about the site a new approach is proposed, which includes a comprehensive application of non‐destructive nearsurface geophysical and geochemical studies. This approach was applied for the first time in Russia on the Cushman‐3 rural settlement. In the study resistivity, magnetometry, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys of the site were consistently applied. As a result, the borders of preserved cultural layers and the thickness in different parts of the site were established. Previously unknown defensive structures in the form of ditches and ramparts, as well as the features of the proper layout were found. Therefore, in most informative sites within the settlement, the soil was drilled using an auger sampler and soil cores were studied for morphological and chemical properties. This made it possible to verify the presence of defensive structures and to study the properties of cultural layers, fillings of the ditches and pits. Soil science techniques allowed us to find the cultural layers outside the ditches, as well as to establish the causes of the destruction of buildings. The combined application of methods of geophysics and soil science made it possible to separate ‘archaeological’ geophysical anomalies from the underlying rocks heterogeneities, which can give ‘false’ anomalies under geophysical surveys. Thus, the consistent application of geophysical and geochemical surveys enables to obtain the most complete (for the non‐destructive study) information about the site, providing high‐speed research and a high degree of reliability of the results due to clarification of the consistent data with minimal volumes of archaeological excavations.
Salivary Gland Stem Cells Age Prematurely in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Pringle Sarah , Wang Xiaoyan , Verstappen Gwenny M. P. J. , Terpstra Janneke H. , Zhang Clarence K. , He Aiqing , Patel Vishal , Jones Rhiannon E. , Baird Duncan M. , Spijkervet Fred K. L. , Vissink Arjan , Bootsma Hendrika , Coppes Robert P. , Kroese Frans G. M. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveA major characteristic of the autoimmune disease primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is salivary gland (SG) hypofunction. The inability of resident SG stem cells (SGSCs) to maintain homeostasis and saliva production has never been explained and limits our comprehension of mechanisms underlying primary SS. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of salivary gland stem cells in hyposalivation in primary SS.MethodsSGSCs were isolated from parotid biopsy samples from controls and patients classified as having primary SS or incomplete primary SS, according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Self‐renewal and differentiation assays were used to determine SGSC regenerative potential, RNA was extracted for sequencing analysis, single telomere length analysis was conducted to determine telomere length, and frozen tissue samples were used for immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsSGSCs isolated from primary SS parotid gland biopsy samples were regeneratively inferior to healthy control specimens. We demonstrated that SGSCs from samples from patients with primary SS are not only lower in number and less able to differentiate, but are likely to be senescent, as revealed by telomere length analysis, RNA sequencing, and immunostaining. We further found that SGSCs exposed to primary SS–associated proinflammatory cytokines we induced to proliferate, express senescence‐associated genes, and subsequently differentiate into intercalated duct cells. We also localized p16+ senescent cells to the intercalated ducts in primary SS SG tissue, suggesting a block in SGSC differentiation into acinar cells.ConclusionThis study represents the first characterization of SGSCs in primary SS, and also the first demonstration of a linkage between an autoimmune disease and a parenchymal premature‐aging phenotype. The knowledge garnered in this study indicates that disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs used to treat primary SS are not likely to restore saliva production, and should be supplemented with fresh SGSCs to recover saliva production.
Protein ORIGAMI: A program for the creation of 3D paper models of folded peptides
Authors: Reißer Sabine , Prock Sebastian , Heinzmann Hartmut , Ulrich Anne S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractProtein ORIGAMI (http://ibg.kit.edu/protein_origami) is a browser‐based web application that allows the user to create straightforward 3D paper models of folded peptides for research, teaching and presentations. An amino acid sequence can be turned into α‐helices, β‐strands and random coils that can be printed out and folded into properly scaled models, with a color code denoting the biophysical characteristics of each amino acid residue (hydrophobicity, charge, etc.). These models provide an intuitive visual and tactile understanding of peptide interactions with other partners, such as helix‐helix assembly, oligomerization, membrane binding, or pore formation. Helices can also be displayed as a helical wheel or helical mesh in 2D graphics, to be used in publications or presentations. The highly versatile programme Protein ORIGAMI is also suited to create less conventional helices with arbitrary pitch (e.g., 310‐helix, π‐helix, or left‐handed helices). Noncanonical amino acids, labels and different terminal modifications can be defined and displayed at will, and different protonation states can be shown. In addition to the web application, the program source code can be downloaded and installed locally on a PC. The printed paper models can be readily used for daily research and discussions, just as for educational purposes and teaching. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46:403–409, 2018.
Integrating cell and molecular biology concepts: Comparing learning gains and self‐efficacy in corresponding live and virtual undergraduate laboratory experiences
Authors: Goudsouzian Lara K. , Riola Patricia , Ruggles Karen , Gupta Pranshu , Mondoux Michelle A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMultiple pedagogical approaches, such as experimental experiences or computer‐based activities, have been shown to increase student learning and engagement. We have developed a laboratory module that includes both a traditional “live” experimental component and a student‐designed “virtual” computer simulation component. This laboratory employs the mating pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) to demonstrate four fundamental cell and molecular biology concepts: cell signaling, cytoskeleton, cell cycle, and cell cycle checkpoints. In the live laboratory, students add mating pheromone to cultures, then measure changes in cell division and morphology characteristics of the S. cerevisiae mating response. We also developed a “virtual” complement to this laboratory. Using the principles of Design Thinking and Agile methodology, we collaborated with an undergraduate Computer Science course to generate two computer simulations which can support the live laboratory or provide a virtual laboratory experience. We assessed how both the live and virtual laboratories contributed to learning gains in analytical skills and course content. Students who performed the simulation alone or the simulation plus live lab demonstrated learning gains, with greater gains for the live lab, but students who performed neither lab did not. Attitudinal assessment demonstrated increased student engagement and self‐efficacy after performing the live and virtual labs. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46:361–372, 2018.
Retracted: Euxanthone inhibits glycolysis and triggers mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis by targeting hexokinase 2 in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Zou Jun , Wang Yamei , Liu Mingdi , Huang Xiushu , Zheng Wenjian , Gao Qian , Wang Haijing 
Published: July 2018

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most prevalent gynaecological cancers. Euxanthone, an active ingredient of the medicinal plant Polygala caudata, exhibits a selective cytotoxic effect in tumour cells. The present study was aimed to determine whether euxanthone could suppress ovarian tumour growth, and to study the relevant mechanism. Two EOC cell lines, SKOV3 and A2780, were used as the in vitro model and treated with euxanthone. Cell viability and apoptosis were assayed using Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and Annexin‐V FITC/PI staining, respectively. Commercially available kits were used to measure the glucose consumption, lactate production, and intracellular ATP levels. Western blots assay was conducted to examine the level of apoptotic markers. To examine the roles of HK2 and STAT3 in the anti‐tumour effect of euxanthone, cells were transfected with vectors overexpressing HK2 or STAT3, and assayed as above. Finally, SKOV3 cells were injected to mice models to appreciate the anti‐neoplastic effect of euxanthone in vivo. We found that euxanthone impaired the cell viability and induced apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in a concentration‐dependent fashion in both SKOV3 and A2780 cells. Euxanthone also caused inhibition of glycolysis. Apoptosis and glycolysis inhibition was mediated by the downregulation of HK2, which in turn was a result of STAT3 inactivation. In vivo experiments also supported that euxanthone could exert anti‐cancer activities without general toxicity. In conclusion, euxanthone triggered mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibited glycolysis in EOC cells.Significance of the studyEuxanthone triggered mitochondrial apoptosis and inhibited glycolysis in EOC cells. Our findings provide preliminary experimental data that support further studies on the potential therapeutic role of euxanthone in ovarian cancer.
Dental erosion caused by Granny Smith apples: An evidence‐based case report and 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Al Anazi Entessar Z. 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageApples, if indiscriminately consumed without appropriate preventive measures to check erosion, can cause accelerated wear of the teeth.Dentists must be fully aware of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that cause erosive tooth wear. Management strategy for tooth erosion depends on the severity of erosion, esthetics, function, and patient's preference.
Urethral steinstrasse: Day case care
Authors: Adebayo Sikiru A. , Chibuzo Ijeoma N. C. , Takure Augustine O. , Ifeh Marcus O. , Olapade‐Olaopa E. Oluwabunmi , Okeke Linus I. , Shittu Olayiwola B. 
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical MessageUrethral steinstrasse is rare. Only a few cases of spontaneous or postinterventional urethral steinstrasse have been reported in pediatric and adult patients. We report a case of a 52‐year‐old Nigerian man with a secondary urethral steinstrasse, and the treatment options possible, as day case procedures, under caudal anesthesia.
Innovative Combustion System for Economic and Ecological Thermal Utilization of Solid Fuel in Heating Boilers
Authors: Aleysa Mohammad , Meriee Souha , Akbary Niro , Ecker Martin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn innovative combustion system, the so‐called low‐emission combustion system (LEVS), with integrated exhaust gas treatment measurement for thermal utilization of biomass‐fueled boilers is presented. It comprises an intelligently controlled three‐fan combustion air supply and exhaust gas system, a cyclone combustion chamber, and packed‐technology, ensuring high combustion efficiency and stable low‐emission combustion. The technology was tested by preliminary experiments for various application scenarios of biomass, and the current environmental and health‐related aspects were also evaluated. The relevant emission reduction through the system results from improved combustion in critical operating phases, in which the total emissions produced in conventional gasification boilers are drastically reduced. A minimum increase of the boiler efficiency of 15 % in practice with corresponding fuel and CO2 savings can be guaranteed.
Highly Porous Si Nanoframeworks Stabilized in TiO2 Shells and Enlaced by Graphene Nanoribbons for Superior Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Xinlin , Huang Liwu , Zeng Pan , Wu Lin , Zhang Ruixue , Chen Yungui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo enhance the rate capability and cycling stability of Si‐based materials in lithium‐ion batteries, three‐dimensional graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) enlacing Si@TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by magnesiothermic reduction, sol‐gel and electrostatic adsorption processes. The rigid clamping layer of TiO2 on the surface of Si prevents the whole electrode from undergoing volumetric variation. GNRs act as bridges to interconnect the adjacent Si@TiO2 nanoparticles to form a successively conductive network with decreased inner resistance. Moreover, the effect of two other kinds of carbon resources (polydopamine and resorcinol formaldehyde) on the electrochemical performance of Si@TiO2 are also discussed. The Si@TiO2@GNRs composite shows an enhanced discharge capacity of 1295 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 in the 300th cycle and achieve an outstanding rate capacity of 689.3 mAh g−1 even at 10.0 A g−1. The design of the double protecting structure provides an alternative strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of M‐based materials (M=Si, Sn, and Ge).
Defect Engineering in Polymeric Cobalt Phthalocyanine Networks for Enhanced Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Wu Haihong , Zeng Min , Zhu Xiang , Tian Chengcheng , Mei Bingbao , Song Yue , Du Xian‐Long , Jiang Zheng , He Lin , Xia Chungu , Dai Sheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of CO2 into fuels and valuable chemicals represents an appealing approach to alleviate energy crisis and global warming. Due to its sluggish reaction kinetics and the lack of suitable electrocatalysts it remains a major challenge. In this work, we report a facile synthetic approach to engineer a polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine network with rich defects for significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction. The successful defect engineering not only promotes the formation of a stronger binding surface towards CO2, but also simultaneously turns the electronic character of the resulting cobalt phthalocyanine framework. As a result, the new defective polymer exhibits highly selective catalysis of aqueous reduction of CO2 into CO with a large faradaic efficiency of ca. 97 %, low applied overpotential of 490 mV (versus a reversible hydrogen electrode) and long‐term stability. We anticipated that this new strategy could inspire the discovery of new organic frameworks for efficient CO2 reduction, such as those (defective MOFs, COFs etc.), evidently advancing the development of catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction.
Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal (SCSC) Linear Polymerization of a Desymmetrized Anthraphane
Authors: Servalli Marco , Trapp Nils , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work we present one of the rare cases of single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) linear polymerizations, resulting in a novel ladder‐type polymer. The polymerization is based on the photoinduced [4+4]‐cycloaddition reactions between trifunctional anthracene‐based monomers. The careful design of the monomer anthraphane‐tri(OMe), results in perfectly stacked anthracene pairs in the crystal structure, with Schmidt's distances d=3.505–3.666 Å and shift s=1.109 Å, allowing a selective linear polymerization in quantitative yields and in a matter of minutes, without compromising the integrity of the single crystals. The obtained polyanthraphane‐tri(OMe), reveals moreover a very interesting and unprecedented case of stereoisomerism, which is characteristic for polyanthraphanes.
Solvatomorphism‐Induced 45 K Hysteresis Width in a Spin‐Crossover Mononuclear Compound
Authors: Djemel Abdelhak , Stefanczyk Olaf , Marchivie Mathieu , Trzop Elzbieta , Collet Eric , Desplanches Cédric , Delimi Rachid , Chastanet Guillaume 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSpin‐transition compounds are coordination complexes that can present two stable or metastable high‐spin and low‐spin states at a given temperature (thermal hysteresis). The width of the thermal hysteresis (difference between the maximum and minimum temperature between which the compound exhibits bi‐stability) depends on the interactions between the coordination complexes within the compound, and which may be modulated by the absence or presence of solvent within the structure. The new compound [Fe(3‐bpp)2][Au(CN)2]2 (1, 3‐bpp=2,6‐di‐(1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine) was synthesized and its properties were compared with those of the solvated compound [Fe(3‐bpp)2][Au(CN)2]2⋅2 H2O (1.H2O) already described. 1 has a two‐steps thermal hysteresis of 45 K, in contrast to the compound 1.H2O which exhibits a gradual conversion without hysteresis. This hysteretic transition is accompanied by a reversible reconstructive structural transition and twinning. This stepped behaviour is also observed in the photomagnetic properties despite the low efficiency of photoswitching. Single‐crystal photocrystallographic investigations confirm this low conversion, which we attributed to the high energy cost to form the high‐spin structure, whose symmetry differs from that of the low‐spin phase.
Living on the edge: Multiscale habitat selection by cheetahs in a human‐wildlife landscape
Authors: Klaassen Britt , Broekhuis Femke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnimals select habitats that will ultimately optimize their fitness through access to favorable resources, such as food, mates, and breeding sites. However, access to these resources may be limited by bottom‐up effects, such as availability, and top‐down effects, such as risk avoidance and competition, including that with humans. Competition between wildlife and people over resources, specifically over space, has played a significant role in the worldwide decrease in large carnivores. The goal of this study was to determine the habitat selection of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in a human‐wildlife landscape at multiple spatial scales. Cheetahs are a wide‐ranging, large carnivore, whose significant decline is largely attributed to habitat loss and fragmentation. It is believed that 77% of the global cheetah population ranges outside protected areas, yet little is known about cheetahs’ resource use in areas where they co‐occur with people. The selection, or avoidance, of three anthropogenic variables (human footprint density, distance to main roads and wildlife areas) and five environmental variables (open habitat, semiclosed habitat, edge density, patch density and slope), at multiple spatial scales, was determined by analyzing collar data from six cheetahs. Cheetahs selected variables at different scales; anthropogenic variables were selected at broader scales (720–1440 m) than environmental variables (90–180 m), suggesting that anthropogenic pressures affect habitat selection at a home‐range level, whilst environmental variables influence site‐level habitat selection. Cheetah presence was best explained by human presence, wildlife areas, semiclosed habitat, edge density and slope. Cheetahs showed avoidance for humans and steep slopes and selected for wildlife areas and areas with high proportions of semiclosed habitat and edge density. Understanding a species’ resource requirements, and how these might be affected by humans, is crucial for conservation. Using a multiscale approach, we provide new insights into the habitat selection of a large carnivore living in a human‐wildlife landscape.
The need for dedicated advanced heart failure units to optimize heart failure care: impact of optimized advanced heart failure unit care on heart transplant outcome in high‐risk patients
Authors: Kreusser Michael M. , Tschierschke Ramon , Beckendorf Jan , Baxmann Tobias , Frankenstein Lutz , Dösch Andreas O. , Schultz Jobst‐Hendrik , Giannitsis Evangelos , Pleger Sven T. , Ruhparwar Arjang , Karck Matthias , Katus Hugo A. , Raake Philip W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimWith an increasing prevalence of heart failure (HF), more patients with advanced disease have to be treated in cardiology units by sophisticated medical and interventional strategies. We therefore developed a dedicated advanced heart failure unit (AHFU) to target the specific needs of the many patients with advanced HF. We here present our concept and its impact on outcome in high‐risk high‐urgency (HU) heart transplant candidates.Methods and resultsThe eight‐bed unit was established as an extension of the cardiologic intensive care and coronary care units in an intermediate care setting. Each bed was equipped with 24 h haemodynamic, respiratory, and arrhythmia monitoring. The unit is served 24/7 by five residents in cardiology, one staff cardiologist specializing in medical and interventional HF care, and 10 intensive care nurses. The cardiology team is supported by colleagues from cardiac surgery, sports medicine, psychosomatics, and the internal medicine departments. As an example of the intensified care on the AHFU, data from the cohorts of patients undergoing heart transplantation from HU status before (pre‐AHFU 2008–11) and after establishment of the AHFU (AHFU 2012–15) were analysed. Interestingly, mortality on HU waiting list and post‐heart transplant survival was comparable in both cohorts, despite significant increase in morbidity and co‐morbidity as assessed by the Index for Mortality Prediction After Cardiac Transplantation model in the AHFU group.ConclusionsOur AHFU provides a unique and novel setting for the integration of modern pharmacological, interventional, surgical, and supportive HF therapy embedded in an academic heart centre. This may be a major step forward in the care of critical patients with advanced HF.