bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal inheritance of F1 hybrid morphology and colony shape in the coral genus Acropora
Authors: Fukami Hironobu , Iwao Kenji , Kumagai Naoki H. , Morita Masaya , Isomura Naoko 
Published: February 2019

Background
The coral genus Acropora contains more than 150 species with very high morphological diversity. This high diversity may have been caused by repeated hybridization via mass spawning. However, we have little information whether hybrids are formed in these corals. Identifying morphological differences between hybrids and their parental species would provide an opportunity to find wild hybrids in the field and to understand how colony shapes of Acropora have become highly diversified throughout evolutionary history. In the two morphologically distinctive coral species Acropora florida and A. intermedia in the Indo-Pacific, their gametes show high rates of bi-directional intercrossing in vitro, and thus these two species are ideal species to investigate the morphological traits of the hybrids.

Methods
We examined morphological characters of F1 hybrids from A. florida to A. intermedia, which were produced from in vitro crossing experiments. To compare morphological differences, we grew juveniles and mature colonies of reciprocal F1 hybrids (FLOint: A. florida eggs × A. intermedia sperm, and INTflo: A. intermedia eggs × A. florida sperm) and of the parental species (purebreds of A. intermedia and A. florida). We analyzed skeletal morphology such as colony size, branch length, and branching number, and compared them with those of a putative F1 hybrid between A. florida and A. intermedia found in the field. We also confirmed the molecular phylogenetic position of F1 hybrids, parental species, and a putative F1 hybrid using the mitochondrial non-coding region.

Results
Our morphological analysis revealed that branching number of the F1 hybrids was intermediate relative to the parental species. Moreover, the FLOint hybrids were morphologically more closely related to the maternal species A. florida, and the INTflo hybrids were to A. intermedia. Molecular data showed that A. florida and A. intermedia were clearly divided into two clades, and that F1 hybrids grouped in the clade based on their maternal parent. A very similar pattern to the INTflo hybrids was obtained for the putative F1 hybrid in nature.

Discussion
Our results revealed that F1 hybrids between two Indo-Pacific species A. florida and A. intermedia had intermediate morphology relative to their parent species but reflected the maternal parent more. Similarity to maternal species in hybrids is opposite to the Caribbean Acropora species that had more paternal morphological characters in hybrids. These results further suggest that some genetic factor in eggs is likely to affect determination of colony shape in the Indo-Pacific. At present, we have considered colonies with intermediate morphs between different species to be intra-specific morphological variation, but they may be real F1 hybrids. Indeed, a putative F1 hybrid represented similar morphological and molecular features to the F1 hybrids, and thus it is plausible to be attributed as a “real” F1 hybrid in nature.
Breastfeeding in the time of Zika: a systematic literature review
Authors: Sampieri Clara Luz , Montero Hilda 
Published: February 2019

Background
The disease Zika is considered as emergent. The infection can be acquired through different routes: a bite from the Aedes mosquito, sexual contact, from mother to child during pregnancy and by blood transfusion. The possibility of Zika transmission through human lactation has been considered. Zika is a disease of great concern for public health because it has been associated with neonatal and postnatal microcephaly, among other birth defects.

Objectives
To review published evidence of the probable transmission of Zika through human lactation.

Data sources
Electronic databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCO, Gale, Science Direct, Scopus, US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and Web of Science. World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web pages.

Study eligibility criteria
To be eligible, studies of any design had to provide primary data of human breast milk as a potential fluid for the transmission of Zika, or primary or secondary follow-up data of infants with at least one previous published study that complied with the first criterion of eligibility.

Participants
Studies about women with suspected, probable or confirmed Zika during pregnancy, or the postnatal period and beyond. Studies about infants who breastfeed directly from the breast or where fed with the expressed breast milk of the suspected, probable or confirmed women with Zika.

Results
This study only chose data from research papers; no patients were taken directly by the authors. A total of 1,146 were screened and nine studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, from which a total of 10 cases were identified, with documented follow-up in three of these cases. Through the timing of maternal Zika infection, five cases were classified as prenatal (time before delivery), one as immediate postnatal (period from 0 to 4 days after birth); no cases were classified as medium postnatal (period from 5 days to 8 weeks after birth); two were classified as long postnatal (period from 8 weeks to 6 months after birth) and two as beyond six months after birth.

Conclusion
Human milk may be considered as a potentially infectious fluid, but we found no currently documented studies of the long-term complications in infants up to 32 months of age, with suspected, probable or confirmed Zika through human lactation, or evidence with respect to the human pathophysiology of the infection acquired through human lactation. In the light of the studies reviewed here, the World Health Organization recommendation of June 29th 2016, remains valid: “the benefits of breastfeeding for the infant and mother outweigh any potential risk of Zika virus transmission through breast milk.”
Impact of agricultural farms on the environment of the Puck Commune: Integrated agriculture calculator—CalcGosPuck
Authors: Dzierzbicka-Glowacka Lidia , Pietrzak Stefan , Dybowski Dawid , Białoskórski Michał , Marcinkowski Tadeusz , Rossa Ludmiła , Urbaniak Marek , Majewska Zuzanna , Juszkowska Dominika , Nawalany Piotr , Pazikowska-Sapota Grażyna , Kamińska Bożena , Selke Bartłomiej , Korthals Paweł , Puszkarczuk Tadeusz 
Published: February 2019

Background
Leaching of nutrients from agricultural areas is the main cause of water pollution and eutrophication of the Baltic Sea. A variety of remedial actions to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from agricultural holdings and cultivated fields have been taken in the past. However, knowledge about the risk of nutrient leaching has not yet reached many farmers operating in the water catchment area of the Baltic Sea.

Methods
The nutrient balance method known as “At the farm gate” involves calculating separate balances for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). After estimating all the components of the nutrient balance, the total balance for NPK is calculated and the data obtained is expressed as the ratio of total change (surplus) to the area of arable land on a farm. In addition, the nutrient usage efficiency on a farm is also calculated. An opinion poll was conducted in 2017 on 3.6% (n = 31) of the farms located in commune of Puck. The total area of the farms including arable and grass land ranged from 5 to 130 ha with an average of 45.82 ha. The arable land was on average 30.79 ha ranging from 4.45 to 130 ha while the grassland averaged 12.77 ha and ranged from 0 to 53 ha.

Results
The average consumption of mineral fertilizer in the sample population of farms was 114.9 kg N, 9.3 kg P, and 22.9 kg K·ha−1of agricultural land (AL), respectively. N balance in the sample farms being ranged from −23.3 to 254.5 kg N·ha−1AL while nutrient use efficiency ranged from 0.40% to 231.3%. In comparison, P surplus in the sample farms was 5.0 kg P·ha−1AL with the P use efficiency of 0.4–266.5%.

Discussion
Mean N fertilizer consumption in the tested farms was higher than the average usage across Poland and in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. However, mean consumption of potassium fertilizers was lower than mentioned averages. Mean P fertilizer consumption was higher than in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, but lower compared to the entire country. Generally, on the basis of designated research indicators of farm pressures on water quality, concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were obtained. CalcGosPuck (an integrated agriculture calculator) will help to raise farmers’ awareness about NPK flow on farm scale and to improve nutrient management.
Using the model statement to elicit verbal differences between truth tellers and liars amongst Arab interviewees: A partial replication of Leal, Vrij, Deeb, and Jupe (2018)
Authors: Leal Sharon , Vrij Aldert , Vernham Zarah , Dalton Gary , Jupe Louise Marie , Nahari Galit , Rozmann Nir 
Published: February 2019

SummaryLeal, Vrij, Deeb, and Jupe (2018) found—with British participants—that a model statement elicited (a) more information and (b) a cue to deceit: After exposure to a model statement, liars reported significantly more peripheral information than truth tellers. We sought to replicate these findings with Arabs living in Israel. Truth tellers and liars reported a stand‐out event that they had (truth tellers) or pretended to have (liars) experienced in the last 2 years. Half of the participants were given a model statement in the second phase of the interview. Replicating Leal et al. (2018a), (a) truth tellers reported more core details than liars initially and (b) a model statement resulted in more additional core and peripheral details in the second phase of the interview. Unlike in Leal et al. (2018a), a model statement did not have a differential effect on truth tellers in the current experiment.
Thin‐Film Electrostatic Discharge Protection for Highly Segmented OLEDs in Automotive Applications
Authors: Bechert Hermann , Almora Osbel , Regau Kilian , Matt Gebhard J. , Brabec Christoph J. , Wehlus Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFuture autonomous driving requires new lighting solutions. Communication in between other cars and pedestrians, which fulfills the requirements of the automotive lighting industry, is needed. A very promising lighting solution for this application are highly segmented organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Unfortunately, small area OLEDs are very sensitive to electrostatic discharge due to the small capacitance of the OLED segments. This study presents a solution for highly segmented OLEDs to fulfill automotive requirements regarding electrostatic discharge (ESD) without cost driving external components but through the improvement of the OLED itself. This solution is designed to be cheap and simple in fabrication, derived from standard photolithography to ensure no impact on existing supply chains and flexible OLED fabrication. After introducing the improved device concept for highly segmented OLEDs and its boundary conditions, a detailed view on the corresponding fabrication steps is given. The capacitive response of the protected OLED segments with respect to OLEDs without the introduced protection layer is characterized via impedance spectroscopy. The results exhibit the functionality of the ESD protection layer and prove with automotive ESD stability requirements compliance.
Plasmonic‐Enhanced Cholesteric Films: Coassembling Anisotropic Gold Nanorods with Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Cheng Zheng , Ma Yi , Yang Lin , Cheng Feng , Huang Zhongjie , Natan Avi , Li Hongyan , Chen Yong , Cao Daxian , Huang Zhifeng , Wang YuHuang , Liu Yongmin , Yang Rendang , Zhu Hongli 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIncorporating photonic crystals with nanoplasmonic building blocks gives rise to novel optoelectronic properties that promise designing advanced multifunctional materials and electronics. Herein, the free‐standing chiral plasmonic composite films are designed by coassembling anisotropic plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs) and rod‐like cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The effects of surface charge and concentration of the GNRs on the structure and optical properties of the CNC/GNR films are examined within this study. The CNC/GNR hybrid films retain the photonic characteristic of the CNCs host while concomitantly possessing the plasmonic resonance of GNRs. The negatively charged GNRs distribute uniformly in the layered CNCs host, inducing strong electrostatic repulsion among the CNCs and thus promoting the formation of a larger helical pitch than the case without GNRs. The positively charged GNRs decrease the chiroptical activity in the composite films with increasing the concentration of GNR, which is confirmed by the circular dichroism spectra. Notably, the surface plasmon resonances of GNRs enhance the fluorescence emission, which has been demonstrated by surface‐enhanced fluorescence signals in this work. This study sheds light on fabricating functional chiral plasmonic composite films with enhanced chiral plasmonics by utilizing CNCs as a dynamic chiral nematic template and adjusting surface charges.
A Simple, Mild and General Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones by SO2F2/K2CO3 Using DMSO as Solvent and Oxidant
Authors: Zha Gao‐Feng , Fang Wan‐Yin , Leng Jing , Qin Hua‐Li 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA practical, general and mild oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds proceeds in yields of up to 99% using SO2F2 as electrophile in DMSO as both the oxidant and the solvent at ambient temperature. No moisture‐ and oxygen‐free conditions are required. Stoichiometric amount of inexpensive K2CO3, which generates easy to separate by‐products, is used as the base. Thus, 5‐gram scale runs proceeded in nearly quantitative yields by a simple filtration as the work‐up. The use of a polar solvent such as DMSO, which usually promotes competing Pummerer rearrangement, is also noteworthy. This protocol is compatible with a variety of common N‐, O‐, and S‐functional groups on (hetero)arene, alkene and alkyne substrates (68 examples). The protocol was applied (99% yield) to a formal synthesis of the important cholesterol‐lowering drug Rosuvastatin.magnified image
Long‐term outcomes after biliary diversion operation for pancreaticobiliary maljunction in adult patients
Authors: Aota Takanori , Kubo Shoji , Takemura Shigekazu , Tanaka Shogo , Amano Ryosuke , Kimura Kenjiro , Yamazoe Sadaaki , Shinkawa Hiroji , Ohira Go , Shibata Toshihiko , Horiike Masaki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimPancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) with or without congenital biliary dilatation (CBD) is a risk factor for biliary tract cancer. We investigated long‐term outcomes after biliary diversion operation with special reference to types of CBD.MethodsSubjects comprised 40 adult patients who underwent biliary diversion operation for PBM without biliary tract cancer. Group A comprised 20 patients with type Ia or Ic CBD, or non‐dilated bile ducts, while group B comprised 20 patients with type IV‐A CBD. The clinical findings and postoperative outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsOf 40 patients, nine patients suffered from repeated cholangitis and eight of these nine patients suffered from hepatolithiasis after biliary diversion operation. Biliary tract cancer or pancreatic cancer was detected in four patients at 3 years and 2 months to 24 years after the operation. In three of these four patients, the serum concentration of carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 increased before detection of carcinoma. One patient died of hepatic failure due to repeated cholangitis. The proportions of patients with repeated cholangitis, hepatolithiasis, and re‐operation, and patients who died of biliary tract cancer, pancreatic cancer, or hepatic failure, were significantly higher in group B than in group A. The survival rate was significantly worse in group B than in group A.ConclusionsCareful long‐term follow‐up with measurement of serum tumor markers is necessary after biliary diversion operation for PBM, especially in patients with type IV‐A CBD or repeated cholangitis.
Ethical implications of using biobanks and population databases for genetic suicide research
Authors: Shade Jess , Coon Hilary , Docherty Anna R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article provides a review of the ethical considerations that drive research policy and practice related to the genetic study of suicide. As the tenth cause of death worldwide, suicide constitutes a substantial public health concern. Biometrical studies and population‐based molecular genetic studies provide compelling evidence of the utility of investigating genetic underpinnings of suicide. International, federal, and institutional policies regulating research are explored through the lenses of the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non‐maleficence, and justice. Trapped between the Common Rule's definition of human subjects, and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act's protected information, suicide decedent data occupy an ethical gray area fraught with jurisdictional, legal, and social implications. Two avenues of research, biobanks and psychological autopsies, provide tangible application for the ethical principles examining the risks to participants and their families. Additionally, studies surveying public opinion about research methods, especially broad consent, are explored. Our approach of applying the four ethical principles to policy, sample collection, data storage, and secondary research applications can also be applied to genetic research with other populations. We conclude that broad consent for secondary research, as well as next‐of‐kin at the time of autopsy, serve to satisfy privacy and confidentiality under the ethical principle of autonomy. We recommend ongoing ethical evaluation of research policy and practice.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound in obstetrics
Authors: Collins Kelly , Collins Craig , Kothari Alka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPoint‐of‐care ultrasound, or PoCUS, where imaging is undertaken at the bedside, clinic or emergency department (ED) by the clinician overseeing treatment, is a rapid form of assessment that may be undertaken alongside or as an alternative to traditional, formal ultrasound performed by a radiology service. PoCUS reduces the time to diagnosis, thus allowing lifesaving treatment to be initiated. This is particularly relevant in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OBGYN), where delayed diagnosis of pregnancy complications is often fatal or highly debilitating to the mother or fetus. The literature suggests that PoCUS is particularly useful in areas that are inadequately resourced, as it is relatively cheap and accessible. High‐quality training is essential to ensure that the staff performing the scans are adequately qualified to deliver the service. Clinicians who perform PoCUS in their practice should be aware of the appropriate indications, as well as when to refer for formal imaging.
Functional deficiency in endogenous interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist in patients with febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome
Authors: Clarkson Benjamin D. S. , LaFrance‐Corey Reghann G. , Kahoud Robert J. , Farias‐Moeller Raquel , Payne Eric T. , Howe Charles L. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveWe recently reported successful treatment of a child with febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), a subtype of new onset refractory status epilepticus, with the recombinant interleukin‐1 (IL1) receptor antagonist (IL1RA) anakinra. On this basis, we tested whether endogenous IL1RA production or function is deficient in FIRES patients.MethodsLevels of IL1β and IL1RA were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The inhibitory activity of endogenous IL1RA was assessed using a cell‐based reporter assay. IL1RN gene variants were identified by sequencing. Expression levels for the secreted and intracellular isoforms of IL1RA were measured in patient and control cells by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsLevels of endogenous IL1RA and IL1β were elevated in the serum and CSF of patients with FIRES (n = 7) relative to healthy controls (n = 10). Serum from FIRES patients drove IL1R signaling activity and potentiated IL1R signaling in response to exogenous IL1β in a cell‐based reporter assay. Functional assessment of endogenous IL1RA activity in 3 FIRES patients revealed attenuated inhibition of IL1R signaling. Sequencing of IL1RN in our index patient revealed multiple variants. This was accompanied by reduced expression of intracellular but not secreted isoforms of IL1RA in the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells.InterpretationOur findings suggest that FIRES is associated with reduced expression of intracellular IL1RA isoforms and a functional deficiency in IL1RA inhibitory activity. These observations may provide insight into disease pathogenesis for FIRES and other inflammatory seizure disorders and may provide a valuable biomarker for therapeutic decision‐making. Ann Neurol 2019;85:526–537
Radionuklidaktivierte Nanomaterialien und ihre biomedizinische Anwendung
Authors: Ferreira Carolina A. , Ni Dalong , Rosenkrans Zachary T. , Cai Weibo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDie Radionanomedizin – der Einsatz radiomarkierter Nanopartikel in der Nuklearmedizin – hat in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit gefunden. Seit der Entdeckung der Tscherenkow‐Strahlung und ihrer Anwendung in der Tscherenkow‐Lumineszenzbildgebung revolutioniert die Kombination von Nanomaterialien mit Tscherenkow‐Strahlungsemittern die Haltung gegenüber Nanomaterialien auf diesem Gebiet: von einfachen inerten Radioaktivitätsträgern bis hin zu aktivierbaren Nanomaterialien für diagnostische und therapeutische Anwendungen. Hier werden wir einen umfassenden Überblick über die Nanomaterialtypen, die für die Interaktion mit der Tscherenkow‐Strahlung sowie mit der Gamma‐ und Beta‐Szintillation der Radionuklide eingesetzt wurden, sowie ihre biologischen Anwendungen geben.
A Ligand‐Protected Golden Fullerene: The Dipyridylamido Au328+ Nanocluster
Authors: Yuan Shang‐Fu , Xu Cong‐Qiao , Li Jun , Wang Quan‐Ming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA golden fullerene Au32 cluster has been synthesized with amido and phosphine ligands as the protecting agents. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis revealed that this gold nanocluster, [Au32(Ph3P)8(dpa)6] (SbF6)2 (Hdpa=2,2′‐dipyridylamine), has a stable pseudo‐Ih Au328+ core with S6 symmetry, which features an Au12@Au20 Keplerate cage co‐protected by Ph3P and dpa ligands. Quantum‐chemical studies were conducted to elucidate the origin of the special stability of this cluster, and suggest that it is electronically stabilized through metal–ligand interactions.
Exploiting Boron Coordination: B←N Bond Supports a [2+2] Photodimerization in the Solid State and Generation of a Diboron Bis‐Tweezer for Benzene/Thiophene Separation
Authors: Campillo‐Alvarado Gonzalo , D'mello Kyle P. , Swenson Dale C. , Santhana Mariappan S. V. , Höpfl Herbert , Morales‐Rojas Hugo , MacGillivray Leonard R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractB←N coordination supports a [2+2] photodimerization in the solid state. The bond is defined by an orthogonal interaction between stilbazole and a phenylboronic ester to enable a stereocontrolled and rapid photoreaction. The cyclobutane photoproduct affords a novel diboron bis‐tweezer adduct that is used to separate a mixture of benzene and thiophene upon crystallization.