bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explicit prognostic disclosure to Asian women with breast cancer: A randomized, scripted video‐vignette study (J‐SUPPORT1601)
Authors: Mori Masanori , Fujimori Maiko , van Vliet Liesbeth M. , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Shimizu Chikako , Kinoshita Takayuki , Morishita‐Kawahara Miki , Inoue Akira , Inoguchi Hironobu , Matsuoka Yutaka , Bruera Eduardo , Morita Tatsuya , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundNondisclosure of a poor prognosis to patients with advanced cancer remains a typical practice in Asia. Although the importance of prognostic communication has increasingly been recognized worldwide, little is known about whether explicit prognostic disclosure positively affects Asian patients with advanced cancer. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of explicit prognostic communication on patients with cancer recurrence.MethodsIn this randomized, video‐vignette study, Japanese women with breast cancer who had undergone curative surgery viewed videos of prognostic communication between a patient with recurrent, incurable breast cancer and her oncologist. The videos differed only in the presence or absence of explicit prognostic disclosure. The primary outcome was participants' uncertainty (rated from 0 to 10), and the secondary outcomes included anxiety (measured on the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐State: range, 20‐80), satisfaction (Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire; range 0‐10), self‐efficacy (range, 0‐10), and willingness to discuss advance care planning (range, 1‐4).ResultsIn total, 105 women participated (mean ± SD age, 53.8 ± 8.2 years). After viewing the video with more versus less explicit disclosure, participants showed significantly lower uncertainty (mean ± SE scores, 5.3 ±0.2 vs 5.7 ± 0.2, respectively; P = .032) and higher satisfaction (5.6 ± 0.2 vs 5.2 ± 0.2, respectively; P = .010) without increasing anxiety (changes in scores on the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐State: 0.06 ± 0.5 vs 0.6 ± 0.5, respectively; P = .198). No significant differences were observed in self‐efficacy (5.2 ± 0.2 vs 5.0 ± 0.2, respectively; P = .277) or willingness to discuss advance care planning (2.7 ± 0.1 vs 2.7 ± 0.1, respectively; P = .240).ConclusionsExplicit prognostic disclosure prompted better outcomes than nondisclosure in Japanese women with breast cancer. When asked about the prognosis by Asian patients with cancer, clinicians may be encouraged to respect their wishes and explicitly discuss the prognosis if deemed appropriate.
A randomized clinical study to evaluate the effect of denture adhesive application technique on food particle accumulation under dentures
Authors: Atassi Mounir , Milleman Kimberly R. , Burnett Gary R. , Sanyal Susmita , Milleman Jeffery L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFood ingress under dentures is a common problem that may be reduced by denture adhesive use. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of the mode of application of a denture adhesive on reducing accumulation of food particles under dentures. This was a single‐centre, controlled, single‐blind, randomized, three‐treatment, three‐period, crossover study in participants with complete, removable well‐fitting, well‐made upper/lower dentures. Treatments were: 1) experimental denture adhesive application (test adhesive) applied with a precision applicator as continuous strips; 2) marketed denture adhesive (positive control) applied using a flat ribbon nozzle as dabs; 3) no adhesive. Food‐occlusion testing was performed by assessing peanut particle migration under dentures with denture retention/stability evaluated using the Kapur Index (Olshan modification). Differences were assessed using an ANOVA model. Adhesive oozing and perceptions of the adhesives were assessed by questionnaire. All 83 randomized participants completed the study. There were no significant differences between positive control or test adhesives versus no adhesive, or between test adhesive and positive control, for mass of peanut particles recovered from dentures. Both adhesives had significantly higher retention and stability scores compared with no adhesive (all P < .01). Participants reported significantly higher scores for denture comfort, confidence, satisfaction and movement with both adhesives versus no adhesive (all P < .01). No differences in adhesive ooze were reported between adhesives. No adverse events were reported. In conclusion, there was no difference in performance, as measured by peanut particle mass recovered from upper/lower dentures, for the test adhesive, positive control and no adhesive.
Utility of fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of HIV lymphadenopathy
Authors: Suresh Pooja K. , Poojary Shweta , Basavaiah Sridevi Hanganahalli , Kini Jyoti R. , Lobo Flora D. , Sahu Kausalya K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundIndia, being a developing country, harbors the third largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected population in the world, and HIV‐associated lymphadenopathy is commonly encountered. HIV lymphadenopathy is more commonly generalized and pathology ranges from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia to infections like tuberculosis to neoplasms such as lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. The study intended to assess the utility of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in HIV lymphadenopathy.Materials and MethodsA retrospective FNA slide review of HIV‐infected cases with lymphadenopathy received over a period of 2 years in the cytopathology department was performed. The clinicopathological characteristics, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and CD4 counts were analyzed.ResultsSeventy‐nine lymph node aspirates were received from HIV patients over 2 years. The mean age at presentation was 39 years with a male:female ratio of 2.4:1. Cervical lymph nodes (62%) were more commonly affected. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was the commonest lesion (41.8%), followed by reactive lymphadenitis (24%), nonspecific granulomatous lymphadenitis (14%), suppurative lymphadenitis (8%), cryptococcal lymphadenitis (2%), lymphoma (9%), and metastasis (1%).ConclusionLymph node FNA in HIV/AIDS is not only useful in identifying those cases that require further evaluation, but also aids in categorizing various etiologies such as opportunistic infections, non‐neoplastic, and neoplastic lesions. FNA is a less expensive, expeditious minimally invasive method for an early diagnosis that abets in deciding the treatment strategy, thus curtailing the associated morbidity and mortality.
Impact of hormonal contraceptives on urinary steroid profile in relation to serum hormone changes and CYP17A1 polymorphism
Authors: Ekström Lena , Knutsson Jona Elings , Mullen Jenny , Ericsson Magnus , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo detect doping with endogenous steroids, six urinary steroids are longitudinally monitored in the athlete biological passport (ABP). These steroids include testosterone, etiocholanolone, androsterone, 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol, 5β‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol, and the testosterone isomer epitestosterone. It is known that the intake of hormonal contraceptives may interfere with the ABP biomarkers. A previous study showed that athletes using hormonal contraceptives (HCs) display lower urinary epitestosterone concentrations than non‐using athletes. In this study, we analyzed the urinary steroid profile prior to and three months after administration of an oral HC including levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol (n = 55). The urinary concentrations of all the ABP metabolites decreased after three months, with epitestosterone showing the largest decline (median 6.78 to 3.04 ng/mL, p˂0.0001) followed by 5α‐androstane‐3α,17β‐diol (median 23.5 to 12.83 ng/mL, p˂0.0001), and testosterone (median 5.32 to 3.66, p˂0.0001). Epitestosterone is included in two of the five ratios in the ABP (T/E and 5αAdiol/E), and consequently these ratios increased 1.7‐fold (range 0.27 to 8.50) and 1.26‐fold (range 0.14 to 5.91), respectively. Some of these changes may mimic the changes seen after administration of endogenous steroids leading to atypical findings. Notably, even though participants used the same contraceptive treatment schedule, the HC‐mediated epitestosterone change varied to a large extent (median 0.43‐fold, range 0.06 to 6.5) and were associated with a functional T˃C promoter polymorphism in CYP17A1. Moreover, the epitestosterone changes correlated with HC‐induced testosterone and gonadotropins changes in serum, indicating that urinary epitestosterone reflects the androgen load in HC‐using women.
Persistent effects of fragmentation on tropical rainforest canopy structure after 20 yr of isolation
Authors: Almeida Danilo R. A. , Stark Scott C. , Schietti Juliana , Camargo Jose L. C. , Amazonas Nino T. , Gorgens Eric B. , Rosa Diogo M. , Smith Marielle N. , Valbuena Ruben , Saleska Scott , Andrade Ana , Mesquita Rita , Laurance Susan G. , Laurance William F. , Lovejoy Thomas E. , Broadbent Eben N. , Shimabukuro Yosio E. , Parker Geoffrey G. , Lefsky Michael , Silva Carlos A. , Brancalion Pedro H. S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAssessing the persistent impacts of fragmentation on aboveground structure of tropical forests is essential to understanding the consequences of land use change for carbon storage and other ecosystem functions. We investigated the influence of edge distance and fragment size on canopy structure, aboveground woody biomass (AGB), and AGB turnover in the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) in central Amazon, Brazil, after 22+ yr of fragment isolation, by combining canopy variables collected with portable canopy profiling lidar and airborne laser scanning surveys with long‐term forest inventories. Forest height decreased by 30% at edges of large fragments (>10 ha) and interiors of small fragments (<3 ha). In larger fragments, canopy height was reduced up to 40 m from edges. Leaf area density profiles differed near edges: the density of understory vegetation was higher and midstory vegetation lower, consistent with canopy reorganization via increased regeneration of pioneers following post‐fragmentation mortality of large trees. However, canopy openness and leaf area index remained similar to control plots throughout fragments, while canopy spatial heterogeneity was generally lower at edges. AGB stocks and fluxes were positively related to canopy height and negatively related to spatial heterogeneity. Other forest structure variables typically used to assess the ecological impacts of fragmentation (basal area, density of individuals, and density of pioneer trees) were also related to lidar‐derived canopy surface variables. Canopy reorganization through the replacement of edge‐sensitive species by disturbance‐tolerant ones may have mitigated the biomass loss effects due to fragmentation observed in the earlier years of BDFFP. Lidar technology offered novel insights and observational scales for analysis of the ecological impacts of fragmentation on forest structure and function, specifically aboveground biomass storage.
Spatial patterns of meadow sensitivities to interannual climate variability in the Sierra Nevada
Authors: Albano Christine M. , McClure Meredith L. , Gross Shana E. , Kitlasten Wesley , Soulard Christopher E. , Morton Charles , Huntington Justin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConservation of montane meadows is a high priority for land and water managers given their critical role in buffering the effects of climate variability and their vulnerability to increasing temperatures and evaporative demands. Recent advances in cloud computing have provided new opportunities to examine ecological responses to climate variability over the past few decades and at large spatial scales. In this study, we characterized the sensitivities (magnitude and direction of the slope) of meadow vegetation responses to interannual variations in climate. We calculated sensitivity as the regression slope between a 31‐year (1985–2016) time series of Landsat‐derived vegetation indices characterizing late‐season vegetation vigour and water balance variables from the Basin Characterization Model. We identified April 1 snowpack as the climate variable the majority of meadows were most sensitive to. We assessed how vegetation sensitivities to snowpack varied with hydrogeomorphic context (e.g., climate, geology, soils, watershed geometry, and land cover) across the Sierra Nevada mountain range using factor analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the hydrogeomorphic data and multiple linear regression to model sensitivity responses. We found that meadow sensitivities to snowpack varied with long‐term average meadow climate, indicators of watershed subsurface water storage capacity, and indicators of meadow vegetation composition. Alpine and subalpine meadows with high average annual precipitation but limited catchment subsurface storage exhibited the largest sensitivities. Our results provide a novel regional perspective on spatial patterns of meadow sensitivities to climate variability and the landscape‐scale hydrogeomorphic factors that influence late‐season water availability in meadow ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada.
Analysis of attribute‐based cryptographic techniques and their application to protect cloud services
Authors: Belguith Sana , Kaaniche Nesrine , Hammoudeh Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent technological advances such as the internet of things, fog computing, and cloud applications lead to exponential growth in the amount of generated data. Indeed, cloud storage services have experienced unprecedented usage demand. The loss of user control over their cloud stored data introduced several security and privacy concerns. To address these concerns, cryptographic techniques are widely adopted at the user side. Attribute‐based cryptography is commonly used to provide encrypted and/or authenticated access to outsourced data in remote servers. However, the use of these cryptographic mechanisms often increase the storage and computation costs; consequently, the energy consumption in the entire cloud ecosystem. In this paper, we provide a comparative analysis of different attribute‐based cryptographic mechanisms suitable for cloud data sharing services. We also provide a detailed discussion of different reviewed schemes, w.r.t. supported features, namely, security, privacy, and functional requirements. In addition, we explore the limitations of existing attribute‐based cryptographic mechanisms and propose future research directions to better fit the growing needs of this cloud environment in terms of energy savings, processing and storage efficiency, and availability requirements.
Pore and fractal descriptions of a modified CaO‐based sorbent for sequence SO2/CO2 capture behavior
Authors: Wu Qing , He Liuqing , Zhang Lihui , Duan Feng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSequence SO2/CO2 capture technology will be more attractive as the control on secondary pollution is strengthened and the operating cost is decreased. The sulfation, pore, and fractal characteristics of a spent CaO‐based adsorbent are studied. The spent modified CaO/Ca12Al14O33 is used in this study. The effect of cyclic numbers in the calcium‐looping process on sulfation conversion and the pore characteristics of spent adsorbents is investigated. A model between the fractal dimension and the Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) specific surface area (SBET) of the spent CaO/Ca12Al14O33 is established. The sulfation reaction characteristic of spent adsorbents is also interpreted by the fractal mechanism. Results show that the sulfation conversions of spent CaO/Ca12Al14O33 are almost 10% higher than those of spent CaO at the same cyclic number. The sulfation reaction rate in the product layer diffusion‐controlled stage is much lower than that in the chemical reaction‐controlled stage. The spent CaO/Ca12Al14O33 adsorbents are mainly composed of meso‐ and macropores. The pore size distributions show that there are two peaks in the curves. The surface fractal dimension (D1) and the pore fractal dimension values of spent adsorbents show a trend that is similar to those of SBET and total pore volume, respectively. The relation between the D1 values of four different CaO‐based adsorbents and their SBET values is a quadratic function, and a higher D1 indicates an irregular surface of disordered fractals, which significantly affects the efficiency of the sulfation reaction. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term efficacy, safety, and cost‐effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization with drug‐eluting beads versus synchronous radiochemotherapy for cervical cancer
Authors: Song Jingjing , Chen Weiqian , Zhu Xiaohua , Zhao Zhongwei , Chen Minjiang , Huang Lingcong , Tu Jianfei , Zhou Hongyou , Zhou Lihong , Ji Jiansong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the short‐term efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization with drug‐eluting beads (DEB‐TACE) versus synchronous radiochemotherapy among women with cervical cancer.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of women treated by synchronous radiochemotherapy (n=20) and DEB‐TACE (n=20) at a single center in China between November 2015 and September 2017. Inclusion criteria were pathologic diagnosis of cervical cancer, age at least 18 years, and complete clinicopathologic information. Hospital stay, direct medical cost, resection frequency, adverse events, treatment responses, progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between treatments.ResultsThere was no difference in treatment responses, PFS, or OS between the two groups. Hospital stay was shorter, direct medical costs were lower, and resection rate was higher in the DEB‐TACE group than in the radiochemotherapy group (all P<0.05). In univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, no factor was associated with complete response. No predictive factor for PFS or OS was identified by Cox proportional regression analysis. Fewer adverse advents were recorded in the DEB‐TACE group than in the synchronous radiochemotherapy group.ConclusionAmong women with cervical cancer, DEB‐TACE achieved equal short‐term efficacy, better tolerance, less hospital stay and medical costs, and higher resection rates as compared with synchronous radiochemotherapy.
Abnormal cerebral microstructures revealed by diffusion kurtosis imaging in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Huang Nao‐Xin , Zou Zhang‐Yu , Xue Yun‐Jing , Chen Hua‐Jun 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which cerebral structural impairment is a consistent feature.PurposeTo investigate cerebral microstructural changes in ALS using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) for the first time.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsEighteen ALS patients and 20 healthy controls.Field Strength/SequenceDKI images were obtained by a spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence on a 3T MRI scanner, with three b‐values (0, 1000, and 2000 s/mm2) and 64 diffusion encoding directions.AssessmentThe revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS‐R) was administered to assess disease severity, and the symptom duration and disease progression rate were also recorded. Voxel‐based analysis was applied to examine the alteration of DKI metrics (ie, mean kurtosis metrics [MK], axial kurtosis [AK], and radial kurtosis [RK]) and the conventional diffusion metrics (ie, fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, and radial diffusivity).Statistical TestsStudent's t‐test, chi‐square test, and Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsALS patients showed MK reductions in gray matter areas, including the bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral paracentral lobule, and left anterior cingulate gyrus; they also showed decreased MK values in white matter (WM) in the bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral corona radiata, bilateral middle corpus callosum, left occipital lobe, and right superior parietal lobule. The spatial distribution of the regions with reduced RK was similar to those with decreased MK. No significant AK difference was found between groups. The correlation analysis revealed significant associations between DKI metrics and clinical assessments such as ALSFRS‐R score and disease duration. Additionally, several WM regions showed between‐group differences in conventional diffusion metrics; but the spatial extent was smaller than that with reduced DKI metrics.Data ConclusionThe reduction in DKI metrics indicates decreased microstructural complexity in ALS, involving both motor‐related areas and extramotor regions. DKI metrics can serve as potential biomarkers for assessing disease severity.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:554–562.
World marine fog analysis based on 58‐years of ship observations
Authors: Dorman Clive E. , Mejia John , Koračin Darko , McEvoy Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study presents the first global‐scale comprehensive climatology of marine fog and is based on ICOADS ship present weather observations for the period 1950–2007. In general, the median marine fog occurrence away from the polar oceans is low (0.2%). Substantially greater marine fog occurrences are limited to four regions, not including the polar region. Fog occurrence maxima along the western side of the sub‐polar ocean gyre occur during the warm season and over the shelf, which includes one centred over the Northwest Pacific Kuril Islands (60%) and one over the Northwest Atlantic Grand Banks (45%), while a third lies over the Argentinean shelf break. Fog maxima over seven marginal seas occur over the Okhotsk Sea, Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea, South China Sea, Nova Scotia, North Sea, and Baltic Sea. Five wind‐driven coastal upwelling zone maxima comprise the California‐Oregon, Namibia‐South Africa, Peru, Morocco and Arabian regions. Maximum upwelling fog occurrence during the warm season was found to be inversely proportional to the minimum sea surface temperature (SST). Most fog maximum occurrence locations lie over SST minima in shallow water during the warm season and are capped by a stable lower atmosphere. Positive correlations (up to 0.79) were found between 5‐year moving averages of fog in the Kuril Islands and the North Pacific Oscillation. Five‐year moving averages of fog in the Grand Banks were positively and significantly correlated (up to 0.56), with the North Atlantic Oscillation represented by the sea level pressure difference between Gibraltar and Reykjavik. In contrast, 5‐year moving averages of fog in the Grand Banks and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index were negatively and significantly correlated (up to −0.75).
Chemically Cross‐Linked UHMWPE With Superior Toughness
Authors: Oral Ebru , Doshi Brinda N. , Fung Katharina , O'Brien Caitlin , Wannomae Keith K. , Muratoglu Orhun K. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTRadiation cross‐linked ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylenes (UHMWPEs) are clinically used extensively in total joint arthroplasty due to their high wear resistance. Peroxide cross‐linking of UHMWPE has been proposed to achieve this high level of wear resistance by simultaneously consolidating and cross‐linking in the melt state. High temperature melting of uncross‐linked and cross‐linked UHMWPEs have further shown to improve the toughness. Here, we report on the wear and mechanical properties of a peroxide cross‐linked and high‐temperature melted UHMWPE as a function of vitamin E concentration for oxidative stabilization, peroxide concentration for cross‐linking and high temperature melting temperature for toughness improvement. This method, combining consolidation and cross‐linking in one step, presents an opportunity to manufacture highly wear and oxidation‐resistant joint implant‐bearing surfaces with much improved toughness. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:2182–2188, 2019