bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermoscopic Features of Diaper Dermatoses in Children: A Descriptive Pilot Study
Authors: Dhawan Neha , Shahana Mohammed , Nagaswetha Mudiam , Cheedirala Rama M. , Chintagunta Sudharani , Netha G. Narasimha Rao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diaper dermatoses broadly refer to skin disorders that occur in the diaper area. Dermoscopy is a non-invasive diagnostic tool that magnifies subsurface structures of the skin that are invisible to the unaided eye.

Aim:
To identify and describe the dermoscopic features of dermatoses in the diaper area.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional clinical study was conducted, which included 100 children below five years of age with dermatoses in the diaper area. The lesions were initially observed clinically and then under a dermoscope (Dermlite 4, 3GEN Inc., San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA). Findings were recorded and photographed.

Results:
Of the 100 enrolled children, infectious dermatoses were observed in 46 cases, predominantly comprising scabies and tinea cruris, followed by intertrigo, molluscum contagiosum, and varicella. The most common dermoscopic feature of scabies was a jet wing with a contrail, whereas scaling, red-brown, and grey-brown dots and globules were observed in tinea cruris. Of the non-infectious dermatoses, contact dermatitis and vitiligo were the most common. Dermoscopy revealed irregular-dotted vessels and white structureless areas in cases of contact dermatitis. An absent pigment network and white structureless areas with leukotrichia and white glow were seen in vitiligo, which helped differentiate it from nevus depigmentosus.

Limitations:
Single-center study with a limited sample size for each condition and histopathological confirmation could not be performed.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the dermoscopic features of diaper dermatoses and demonstrates the potential of dermoscopy to enhance diagnostic accuracy and optimize patient care without invasive investigations, underscoring its unique role in pediatric dermatology.
Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing to Facilitate Behavioral Change among Community Health Workers at Kaiwara – An interventional study
Authors: Shenoy Sneha , Sagarkar Anitha R. , Krishnappa Pushpanjali , Tasneem Anam 
Published: November 2024

Aims:
To assess effectiveness of MI to facilitate behavioral change among community health workers at Kaiwara. Settings and Design: Randomized Controlled Trial was conducted among health workers of Primary Health Centre area with 40 subjects in two groups.

Materials and Methods:
A validated questionnaire was used to collect data regarding their demographics and for pre and post assessment of study participants. Principal Investigator (PI), as trained MI Interventionist conducted the MI sessions among study group (MI Group) and delivered conventional Health Education (HE) among control group (HE group). Statistical Analysis Used: Intervention outcome at first, second and third month were Repeated Measure ANOVA, Paired t test and Unpaired t test.

Results:
The present study showed there was improvement in the mean score in MI and HE groups from baseline to follow up which was statistically significant (P<0.001). At baseline there was no statistically significant difference in mean scores between MI and HE groups (P>0.05).

Conclusions:
The present study showed MI to be an effective approach to facilitate behavioral change among health workers to incorporate oral health information in their general health promoting activities as compared to conventional HE method.
Association of Gender-specific Distribution of Sclerotic Dentin and the Direction of the Vertical Root Fracture – An In vitro Study
Authors: Ayodhi Subhashini , Krishnamurthy Madhuram , Leburu Ashok , Elangovan Selvendran Kasiswamy 
Published: November 2024

Aim:
The primary aim of this study is to determine if there is a relationship between the direction of vertical root fracture and the gender-specific distribution of sclerotic dentin.

Materials and Methods:
For further morphometric analysis to ascertain sex and age, 30 premolars with an oval-shaped morphology and a single root were selected. After that, they were decoronated, placed in acrylic blocks, and tested vertically using a universal testing machine until the fracture occurred. To evaluate the correlation between the direction of sclerotic dentin and the direction of the fracture line, teeth were sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope.

Statistical Analysis Used:
For the purpose of examining the correlation (P < 0.05), the Fisher’s exact test was used.

Results:
Among adults over the age of 40, sclerotic dentin was more prevalent in the apical and the middle thirds than in its coronal third, in both males and females. The correlation between the direction of sclerotic dentin and the direction of the fracture line was statistically significant between the male and female group and also in the coronal and apical thirds of the root.

Conclusions:
The vertical root fracture that runs buccolingually is correlated to the harder sclerotic dentin that is present in the mesiodistal direction.
Assessment of Microhardness of Demineralized Gamma-irradiated Human Enamel after Diode Laser and Fluoride Surface Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Agrawal Arushi , Padawe Dimple , Takate Vilas , Wankhade Ajinkya , Kharat Sanath , Sachdev Sanpreet Singh 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
The physical and chemical alterations induced by laser irradiation hold the potential to enhance enamel resistance against demineralization. Particularly, the combination of diode laser therapy with topical fluoride application presents an innovative approach toward caries prevention and immediate fluoridation of teeth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the microhardness of demineralized gamma-irradiated human enamel following diode laser (980 nm) and fluoride surface treatment.

Materials and Methods:
The enamel samples of 18 primary anterior teeth were subjected to gamma radiation at a dose of 60 Gy, administered at a rate of 2 Gy per day for 5 days a week over a span of 6 weeks. The samples were then immersed in a demineralizing solution with a pH buffer of 4.01 for a period of 96 h. They were then divided into three groups – control group (did not receive any treatment), laser group (diode laser 980 nm), and sodium fluoride varnish + laser group. Postintervention, the microhardness of the enamel samples was determined using Vickers’s test after demineralization and remineralization, respectively.

Results:
A statistically highly significant difference (P < 0.001) was noted when comparing the posttreatment microhardness values with the pretreatment values for both groups, laser and fluoride varnish, respectively. The pair-wise comparison revealed significantly higher postremineralization microhardness values for the samples in the order Group 3 > Group 2 > Group 1.

Conclusion:
The findings of the present study underscore the potential of combined diode laser therapy and fluoride varnish application in enhancing enamel microhardness and resistance to demineralization in gamma-irradiated enamel samples.
Estimation of Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Levels in Saliva and Serum of Healthy and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: A Clinico-biochemical Study
Authors: Sai Ganta Venkata Trilochan , Saravanan A. V. , Ravishankar P. L. , Raja Sindhujaa 
Published: November 2024

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to compare the salivary and serum basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) levels in periodontally healthy and periodontitis subjects of varying severity. Further, the role of FGF-2 as a biomarker of periodontal disease was also assessed.

Materials and Methods:
Saliva and serum samples were collected from a total of 30 patients. The control group consisted of five healthy volunteers. The test group was further divided into three subgroups, each containing five subjects at different stages of periodontal disease (Stages I, II, and III). Periodontal parameters, including clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth, and gingival index, were recorded for all subjects. The FGF-2 content in both saliva and serum samples was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
The healthy subjects demonstrated higher mean FGF-2 levels (6.52 ± 2.29 pg/mL) compared to those with periodontitis (4.4 ± 1.38 pg/mL); the salivary FGF-2 levels were observed to be higher among subjects with periodontitis (6.36 ± 1.48 pg/mL) compared to the healthy subjects (3.43 ± 1.47 pg/mL). It was noted that the serum FGF-2 levels were in the following order: healthy subjects (6.52 ± 2.29 pg/mL), severe periodontitis (5.27 ± 2.23 pg/mL), moderate periodontitis (4.03 ± 0.25 pg/mL), and mild periodontitis (3.9 ± 0.49 pg/mL). In the comparison of salivary FGF-2 levels, the following order was observed: severe periodontitis (6.38 ± 0.61 pg/mL), moderate periodontitis (6.61 ± 0.87 pg/mL), mild periodontitis (6.1 ± 2.52 pg/mL), and healthy subjects (3.43 ± 1.47 pg/mL).

Conclusions:
Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that FGF-2 levels can be used as a diagnostic marker of disease as its levels are remarkably increased in saliva patients having periodontitis.
Effectiveness of a Novel Sea Buckthorn Medicament in Enterococcus faecalis Infected Root Canals: An In vitro Microbial Study
Authors: Ramachandran Vetha Gayathiry , Thangaraj Deepa Natesan , Vishwanath Sankar , Mathew Sebeena , Kumaravadivel Karthick , Thangavel Boopathi 
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
This study aimed to formulate the sea buckthorn (SBT) extract-based herbal intracanal medication and evaluate its antibacterial effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis.

Materials and Methods:
Ninety freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were collected, decoronated to a uniform root length of 15 mm, and standardly enlarged up to ProTaper Gold size F3. The final irrigation protocol was done, and root canals were contaminated with E. faecalis. Samples were subjected to five medicaments, respectively: Group 1: Normal saline, Group 2: SBT, Group 3: Calcium hydroxide (CH) paste, Group 4: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel, and Group 5: SBT + CH. After incubating for 1, 3, and 7 days, dentin debris was collected at intervals using a Peeso reamer and cultured on agar plates. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted after incubation, and values were statistically analyzed. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test for intergroup comparison and repeated measures ANOVA for comparison within groups were done. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The CFU values of SBT were the lowest of all the groups, followed by SBT + CH, CHX, and CH groups. The intergroup comparison showed a highly significant difference in all three observation periods (1, 3, and 7 days).

Conclusions:
SBT outperformed the benchmark medicament, CHX gel, with regard to its disinfection potential against E. faecalis. Moreover, its combination with CH proved to have a synergistic antibacterial action.
Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage and Compressive Strength of Different Restorative Materials – An in vitro Study
Authors: Khuva Hetal , Kurup Deepak , Mahreen Shazia , Srishti  , Mukherjee Trina , Tikadar Sourav 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
For dental restorations to be successful in clinical practice, they must possess excellent mechanical properties, such as high compressive strength and microleakage resistance.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 80 Class V cavities were prepared from extracted human teeth, divided into four groups of 20 (Groups A, B, C, and D). One of the following restorative materials Neo–Spectra ST, Activa Bioactive Material, SDR Bulkfill Flowable Composite, or Zirconomer was used to restore each group. Standardized testing procedures were used to evaluate compressive strength, and dye penetration techniques were used to measure microleakage. ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test, were two of the statistical procedures used to compare the performance of the various materials.

Results:
Neo Spectra ST had the lowest average microleakage score of 0.5 mm, which was significantly lower compared to Activa Bioactive Material at 1.2 mm, SDR Bulkfill Flowable Composite at 0.8 mm, and Zirconomer at 1.5 mm. In terms of compressive strength, Neo Spectra ST showed the highest average value at 120 MPa, with SDR Bulkfill Flowable Composite following at 100 MPa, Activa Bioactive Material at 80 MPa, and Zirconomer at 60 MPa. Statistical analysis showed significant variations in both microleakage and compressive strength between the materials (P < 0.05), highlighting Neo Spectra ST’s excellent performance.

Conclusion:
Amongst all materials, Neo Spectra ST demonstrated the greatest compressive strength and microleakage resistance compared to Zirconomer, SDR Bulkfill Flowable Composite, and Activa Bioactive Material.
A Study Correlating the Dermoscopic Diagnosis with Histopathology in Inflammatory Papulosquamous Dermatoses
Authors: Srinivasan Shreya , Sukanya G , Vignesh NR , Manoharan D , Manoharan K , Raksha R N 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The dermoscope is a noninvasive diagnostic tool, which of late has been found useful in corroborating a clinical diagnosis, thus averting the need for a skin biopsy.

Aim:
To study the dermoscopic patterns of inflammatory papulosquamous dermatoses and correlate them with the histopathological diagnosis.

Methods:
All patients diagnosed clinically with inflammatory papulosquamous dermatoses were recruited in this cross-sectional study after obtaining informed consent and with due consideration of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A brief history taking and examination was done, followed by a dermoscopic examination of the lesion. Skin biopsy was taken from the same site as that of dermoscopy. Findings obtained from both modalities were tabulated and assessed to establish a diagnosis. The dermoscopic and histopathological diagnosis were compared to elucidate the specificity and sensitivity of the dermoscopic findings.

Results:
This study showed that among a total of 100 cases, 94.1% of cases of psoriasis, 86.7% of cases of eczema, 69% cases of LP, 60% of cases of DLE, and 82.3% of other cases showed a positive correlation between dermoscopy and histopathology, with an overall correlation of 82%. A ”P” value of 0.03 was obtained, indicating a significant correlation between the two modalities.

Conclusion:
Dermoscopy, a diagnostic tool, can provide vital clues in the diagnosis of various dermatoses as it highlights subtle surface features, which in turn can give valuable information about the underlying pathological process to the treating physician. This study shows that dermoscopy is valuable for differentiating various inflammatory papulosquamous dermatoses and can reduce the frequency of unnecessary biopsies.
Relationship between Functional Capacity, Fatiguability, Anxiety Level, Static, and Dynamic Balance in Young Adult Females During Follicular and Luteal Phase of Menstrual Cycle
Authors: Sharma Gauri , Kumari Neha , Rai Richa H. , Kalra Sheetal , Bhatia Kashika , Saher Tabassum 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The MC’s phases have been shown to influence various physiological and psychological aspects, yet their potential impact on physical performance and psychological well-being remains less explored. This research study investigates the intricate interplay between functional capacity, fatiguability, anxiety level, and static and dynamic balance in young adult females across the MC’s early follicular and mid-luteal phases.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study where 46 healthy eumenorrheic females aged 19–24 years were recruited. Participants underwent various tests (six-minute walk test (6MWT), single leg stance test, and lower quarter Y balance test) and scales (Zung self-rating anxiety scale and fatigue severity scale (FSS)) during both the follicular and luteal phases in a single menstrual cycle (MC).

Results:
Preliminary findings suggest that functional capacity, fatiguability, anxiety levels, and static and dynamic balance show statistically significant differences (P < 0.01), exhibiting improvement in the mid-luteal phase as compared to the early follicular phase. A significant negative correlation exists between FSS score and 6MWT distance in the early follicular (r = -0.441, P < 0.001) and mid-luteal phase (r = -0.439, P < 0.01). There is a significant positive correlation between FSS score and SAS score during the early follicular (r = 0.479, P < 0.001) and mid-luteal phase (r = 0.496, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The relationship between these parameters during the MC holds implications for optimizing training regimens, injury prevention strategies, and psychological support tailored to the unique needs of female athletes and active individuals.
Change in Pattern of Head and Neck Lesions Diagnosed by FNAC in the Post-COVID-19 Period: Are Lymphoproliferative Disorders on the Rise?
Authors: Kumar Shiv , Saxena Shilpi , Singh Anubhav , Joshi Kamal Deep , Amjad Mirza Saleem , Joshi Vidushi , Bhardwaj Abhinav 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with a variety of immune dysregulations. Aberrant immune function can lead to a plethora of lymphoproliferative and autoimmune dysfunctions. This study aimed to compare the reported results of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for head and neck lesions in the pre- and post-COVID-19 period and to detect any change in the incidence of lymphoproliferative or granulomatous disorders.

Material and Methods:
A retrospective analytical study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. FNAC records of duration from January 2017 to May 2023 were retrieved, collected, and analyzed. All patients who underwent FNAC for head and neck lesions were included, and incomplete, duplicate records and primary thyroid lesions were excluded from the study.

Results:
A total of 268 and 191 patients were included in the pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 groups, respectively. Both groups were demographically comparable, without any statistically significant difference. The results showed that there is a statistically significant increase in cases diagnosed as lymphoproliferative disorders in the post-COVID-19 group as compared to the pre-COVID-19 group (12.04% vs 4.85%, P = 0.005), while the diagnosis of benign salivary gland tumors was significantly reduced (2.09% vs 5.97%, P = 0.045). There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups for other benign and neoplastic diagnoses.

Conclusion:
This study reveals a rise in lymphoproliferative disorders in the post-COVID-19 period. Although a causal association could not be established, the study indicates a temporal association. Hence, further research is warranted to explore the possible role of COVID-19 as an etiological agent for lymphoproliferative disorders.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Analgesic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block and Femoral Nerve Block in Patients with Neck of Femur Fracture
Authors: Fernandes Josna M. , Rathi Shruti N. , Sancheti Abhay G. , Puntambekar Shweta A. , Keniya Varshali M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aims:
Regional nerve blocks under ultrasound guidance have heralded the era toward safer anesthetic practices. They provide adequate analgesia during positioning for subarachnoid block in patients posted for hip. We aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of fascia iliaca compartment block and femoral nerve block for pain during sitting position for subarachnoid block, duration of post-op analgesia, and document any complications.

Material and Methods:
A randomized double-blind study was conducted in 60 patients undergoing isolated neck of femur fracture surgery under subarachnoid block. They were randomized by a computer-generated randomization table into two groups – group A received a fascia iliaca compartment block and group B received a femoral nerve block. Numeric rating score (NRS) was noted before block, during positioning, and postoperatively for 24 hours. An independent sample t-test and a paired t-test were used for intergroup and intra-group comparisons.

Results:
The mean NRS before block in group A (7.57 ± 0.50) and group B (7.40 ± 0.49) (P-value = 0.203) was not significant. NRS during positioning in group A (2.10 ± 0.88) was significantly lower than group B (3.33 ± 0.71) (P-value = 0.001*). The mean NRS from the sixth till 20th hour postoperatively was significantly higher in group B compared to group A (P-value <0.05 for all). The mean time to first rescue analgesia was significantly longer in group A (23.57 ± 2.22 hours) compared to group B (11.97 ± 1.73 hours) (P-value = 0.001*). No complications were noted during the study.

Conclusion:
Fascia iliaca compartment block gives significantly better pain relief during positioning for subarachnoid block and prolonged postoperative analgesia as compared to femoral nerve block.
A Delayed Presentation of Synovial Chondromatosis in a Young Female
Authors: Sherikar Nagesh , Chakravarthy H. Y. Rakshith , Devaraj P. , Yadav N. Abhishek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Osteochondromatosis, synovial chondrodysplasia, and other names for synovial enchondromatosis all refer to loose cartilaginous formations that may or may not have developed ossification. This specific medical ailment is also known as the Reichel syndrome. This condition has the potential to cause arthritic damage over time and the emergence of loose bodies. This illness is characterized by the benign development of cartilaginous neoplastic tissue nodules inside the synovium. In the absence of treatment, chondrosarcoma development is yet feasible. We will examine an unusual kind of synovial sickness in this case report, as well as its successful treatment, which entails an open synovectomy and debridement surgery. A 24-year-old female came in, expressing that she had been experiencing discomfort in her left knee and swelling and mobility restrictions for the past 2 years. Following a clinical and radiological examination of the patient, an open synovectomy, during which loose bodies and debris were removed, and a comprehensive joint debridement were carried out. Histopathological examinations uncovered evidence of synovial chondromatosis, which was also seen. The benign disorder known as synovial chondromatosis is extremely uncommon. In most cases, a full synovectomy is the most effective treatment option.