bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, Molecular Identification and Verification of Gene Encoding Bacterial Keratinase from Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) Feces
Authors: Mamangkey J , Suryanto D , Munir E , Mustopa AZ 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Keratinase is a group of protease enzymes which acts to degrade keratin. Keratin is a fiberous protein difficult to be degraded because of hydrogen and disulfide bonds. The purpose of this study was to isolate and to identify keratinase coding genes using molecular approach. The object of this study was crocodile feces from Asam Kumbang crocodile farm. Bacterial isolation was done by using feather agar (FA) and was screened in skim milk agar. Keratinolytic bacteria isolates were identified molecularly with 16S rDNA specific markers. Detection of keratinase gene was done by using keratinase-specific primers through primer3 application (version 0.4.0). The result showed that isolate FB3 are potential to produce keratinase. Isolate FB3 showed a clear zone in FA and SMA. FB3 was 100% similar to Aeromonas hydrophila. Amlification using kerD gene specific primer showed that FB3 was a novel bacteria possessing kerD gene with a fragment length of 750 bp. This result provided a new database of kerD gene.
Breeding season of Cormorant (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) at Tanjung Rejo, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Jumilawaty E , Andriayani  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cormorant is one of waterbirds which inhabit Tanjung Rejo mangrove as breeding site and feeding ground. This research is aimed to obtain economic potential of cormorant eggs as an alternative source of animal protein to coastal communities with limited economic efforts. The research was conducted during February to May 2018. Observation of cormorant nest was focused on 5 nests. Observations were conducted every two days from the first egg laying until nestlings, consisted of breeding season, clucth size, and egg morphology. Data were analyzed descriptively using MS. Excel. The results showed that the breeding season of cormorant occurred in two periods: February to May and August to December. The clutch sizes ranged from 1 to 4 eggs. Egg-laying varied on 2 to 4 d of interval and incubation began after the first egg laying. The eggs hatched after being incubated for 21-25 d. In conclusion, the eggs are one of the most important cycle for breeding succes of cormorant.
The Liverwort, Genus Bazzania of Mount Sibuatan, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Susilo Ferdinand , Pasaribu Nursahara , Syamsuardi  , Siregar Etti Sartina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Information on the diversity of liverworts of genus Bazzania in Sumatra, especially North Sumatra, is still limited in research. The aim of this study was to invent and describe the morphological characters and to obtain the diversity of Bazzania on Mount Sibuatan, Karo regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Specimens were collected during explorative survey along the climbing path and potential habitats such as riverbanks and open areas from July 2017 until January 2018. The results showed that there were 15 documented species of Bazzania with following species: Bazzania calcarata, B. loricata, B. caudisapexula, B. densa, B. erosa, B. fallax, B. filiformis, B. francara, B. japonica, B. longicaulis, B. paradoxa, B. pectinata, B. praerupta, B. spiralis, B. subtilis, and B. tridens. The genus, Bazzania is commonly found living in soil substrates, tree trunks and witherred woods.
Ethnobotanical Study of Fodder Plant Species used by the Batak Parmalim Communities in Toba Samosir, Indonesia
Authors: Amrul Hanifah M Z N , Pasaribu Nursahara , Harahap R Hamdani , Aththorick Tengku Alief 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Batak Parmalim used various plant species to fulfill their daily activities. Several plants are also used traditionally as live feeds or fodders. Livestock raised by the Batak Parmalim community includes buffalo, cattle, goats, sheep, chickens, and ducks. The purpose of this study was to obtain information of utilized plant species, its locations, and methodology in practicing plant species as fodders. Research methodology used in this study was an in-depth interview by determining key informants. In addition, interviews and questionnaires were distributed to the people who owned livestock farms/ranches. Through interviews and observations in the field, 34 plant species were documented as fodders. The plant may be prepared in fresh or dried fodders. Fodderss were obtained from fields, farms, grazing fields, roadside (cliffs) and cultivated plants. Most farmers used members of Poaceae consisted of 12 species in this study.
First Report of Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria from Medicinal Invasive Plants (Chromolaena odorata)
Authors: Mamangkey Jendri , Suryanto Dwi , Munir Erman , Lutfia Anisa , Hartanto Adrian , Huda Muhammad Komarul 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Ki rinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) is one of invasive plants species in Indonesia with potency as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to verify the presence of endophytic bacteria symbionts with Chromolaena odorata, and to evaluate the plant-growth promoting properties of endophytic bacteria in producing IAA, producing hydrolytic enzymes (α-amylase, β-amylase, cellulase, chitinase, protease) solubilizing phosphate. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was carried out by surface sterilizing the samples of roots, stems, leaves with 70% alcohol and 2% sodium hypochlorite, followed by direct plating of organ parts (1-2 cm) on top of Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) medium. Bacterial isolates were differentiated through morphological biochemical characterization. A total of 19 endophytic bacteria were successfully recovered from Chromolaena odorata roots, stems and leaves. Four isolates produced the highest IAA, namely BECA1 (109 ± 0.98 ppm), BECA5 (104.13 ± 0.32 ppm), BECA8 (104.13 ± 0.71 ppm) and BECB3 (83.29 ± 0.47 ppm). Three isolates exhibit the highest phosphate solubilization (+++) namely BECA5, BECA1, BECA8 after 4 days of incubation. Furthermore, BECB3 produced a considerable hydrolytic enzyme activities: β-amylase (+++), α-amylase (++), cellulase (+++), chitinase (++) and protease (+++) compared to other isolates. Our result may provide an insight upon the beneficial interaction by plant-growth promoting endophytic bacteria to support the invasiveness of the plant.
Biodiversity of Mushrooms in Conservative Forest of Batu Katak resort, Langkat regency, North Sumatra
Authors: Siahaan Doni Aldo Samuel , Nurtjahja Kiki , Hartanto Adrian , Siregar Etti Sartina , Berliani Kaniwa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Eighty mushroom species were collected during a field study at Conservative Forest in Batu Katak resort, Langkat regency, North Sumatera. Inventory was conducted by exploring four accessible paths and mushrooms were recorded for its identity and growth substrates. The most common mushroom species found in this study were lignicolous species, i.e. Polyporus, Marasmius, Schizophyllum, Trametes and Xylaria. The most utilized substrates for mushroom growth were dead logs which indicate a light-penetrated area of opened gap in forest favoring the growth of bracket fungi or lignicolous species. This baseline study may be used as data record for further mycological and laboratory studies. In addition, our records may be utilized as valuable information to local and foreign tourists who interest of mushroom picking and hunting in the future.
Persecution and resurrection
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Orthodox church continued to suffer persecution through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. In Russia, Tsar Peter the Great decreed a new system of church governance, with the tsar serving as “Supreme Judge of the Spiritual College.” ‘Persecution and resurrection’ outlines the difficulties that Orthodox Christians faced through the twentieth century: the impact of the First World War, new Soviet rule in Russia, and the Second World War. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 allowed Orthodoxy to become once again an important part of Russia’s political and cultural landscape. The persecution of Orthodox Christians continued in the Arab world during the late twentieth century, resulting in a Christian exodus from the Middle East.
The mysteries
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Orthodox church has blessings and ceremonies for every occasion, but among the various rites of the church, seven have taken on a special significance. ‘The mysteries’ describes these seven sacraments of the Orthodox church—baptism, chrismation (confirmation), the eucharist, reconciliation (confession), the Anointing of the Sick, marriage, and Holy Orders. The Orthodox conviction is that Christ himself is encountered in each of the seven mysteries, and it is he who provides believers with the grace needed for their particular ministry or state of life. For the Orthodox, sacraments are not just ceremonies or celebrations that mark important milestones in one’s Christian journey; they are manifestations of Christ’s ongoing presence in the world.
Orthodoxy and the modern world
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The twentieth and twenty-first centuries have been times of great upheaval for the Orthodox, with persecutions and mass emigrations, but also rebirth and the possibility of new growth. ‘Orthodoxy and the modern world’ considers the position of the Orthodox church on a range of matters, including its views on other churches; the attempts to create an independent church in Ukraine outside the Moscow Patriarchate jurisdiction; the role of women in the church; its advocacy of environmental issues; and issues of sexual morality. Orthodox Christianity remains vibrant and relevant; it provides millions of Christians throughout the world with their spiritual home, and continues to shape world events.
National Socialism
Authors: Caplan Jane 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
‘National Socialism’ argues that the roots of Nazi ideology and politics can be traced to Germany and Austria between 1890 and 1914, the era when Hitler and other leading Nazis came of age. It highlights the emergence of radical visions of identity and community in imperial Germany, and their disruption by the unexpected outcome of the First World War. Defeat, revolution, and republic changed the rules of German politics, splitting the country and amplifying the political ambitions, ideological belligerence, and antisemitism of the radical right.
Toward Improving Practices for Submission of Diagnostic Tissue Blocks for National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials
Authors: Makhlouf Hala , Watson Mark A , Lankes Heather A , Weil Carol , Dickler Maura , Birrer Michael , Moskaluk Christopher , Ramirez Nilsa C , Okby Nader , Alonsozana Edgar , Barnes Mark , Goldman Edward B , Enos Rebecca , Lubensky Irina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe National Cancer Institute (NCI) National Clinical Trials Network performs phase II and III clinical trials, which increasingly rely on the submission of diagnostic formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks for biomarker assessment. Simultaneously, advances in precision oncology require that clinical centers maintain diagnostic specimens for ancillary, standard-of-care diagnostics. This has caused tissue blocks to become a limited resource for advancing the NCI clinical trial enterprise and the practice of modern molecular pathology.MethodsThe NCI convened a 1-day workshop of multidisciplined experts to discuss barriers and strategic solutions to facilitate diagnostic block submission for clinical trial science, from the perspective of patient advocates, legal experts, pathologists, and clinical oncologists.ResultsThe expert views and opinions were carefully noted and reported.ConclusionsRecommendations were proposed to reduce institutional barriers and to assist organizations in developing clear policies regarding diagnostic block submission for clinical trials.
The Arts of War and Deception
Authors: Samet Elizabeth D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThree recent books—Benjamin Cooper’s Veteran Americans: Literature and Citizenship from Revolution to Reconstruction (2018), Keith Gandal’s War Isn’t the Only Hell: A New Reading of World War I American Literature (2018), and Jonathan Vincent’s The Health of the State: Modern US War Narrative and the American Political Imagination, 1890–1964 (2017)—invite us to reevaluate the tradition of US war literature. Attempting to rescue it from the misunderstanding and marginalization to which it has been subject over the years, they assess its expression of persistent anxieties about national identity, citizenship, and masculinity. Covering a broad swath of US history, from the Revolutionary period through the Cold War, these books work together to illuminate crucial aspects of the perilous, enduring connection between citizenship and violence. This work is characteristic of a renewed post-9/11 attentiveness on the part of literary and cultural critics to war and its representation. Central to any exploration of the war narratives at the very core of national identity is a recognition of the intimate relation between the arts of war and those of deception.
Retracing the contours of the early angiosperm environmental niche
Authors: Pouteau Robin , Trueba Santiago , Isnard Sandrine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsOur aim was to understand the environmental conditions of the emergence and radiation of early angiosperms. Such a question has long remained controversial because various approaches applied in the past have drawn conflicting images of early angiosperm ecology.MethodsWe provided a new perspective on the question by using support vector machines to model the environmental niche of 51 species belonging to ten genera of extant lineages that diverged early during angiosperm evolution (basal angiosperms). Then, we analysed the resulting pattern of niche overlap and determined whether this pattern deviates from what would be expected on the basis of a null model or whether it might mirror a legacy of a common primitive niche based on a phylogenetic reconstruction.Key ResultsThe niche of three-quarters of the species and all genera converged towards tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs). The latitudinal pattern of basal angiosperm richness indeed culminated in the tropics, and the elevational pattern revealed a humpback curve peaking between 2000 m and 3500 m when accounting for the effect of area. At first glance, this diversity pattern does not significantly differ from null predictions. However, we revealed a tendency for the basal-most taxa to occur in TMCFs so that phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that the niche of the common ancestor of the sampled basal angiosperms had a probability of 0.85–0.93 to overlap with TMCFs.ConclusionsOur new approach indicates that the environmental convergence of extant basal angiosperms towards TMCFs would reflect a legacy of an ancestral niche from which the least basal taxa would have diverged following a random pattern under geometric constraints.
The effect of transportation modality to dialysis facilities on health-related quality of life among hemodialysis patients: results from the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study
Authors: Yazawa Masahiko , Omae Kenji , Shibagaki Yugo , Inaba Masaaki , Tsuruya Kazuhiko , Kurita Noriaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor hemodialysis (HD) patients, travel to the dialysis facility is an issue that can affect their quality of life (QOL), both physically and mentally. However, evidence on this association of transportation modality with health-related QOL (HRQOL) is scarce.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study among maintenance HD patients participating in the Japanese Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Pattern Study Phase 5. The study included patients who were functionally independent and able to walk. The primary exposure was the means of transportation to the dialysis facility, categorized into three groups, namely transportation by other drivers (Group 1), transportation via self-driving (Group 2) and transportation by bicycle or walking with or without public transportation (Group 3). The primary outcomes were physical and mental health composite scores (PCS and MCS) in the 12-item Short Form at 1 year after study initiation.ResultsAmong 1225 eligible patients (Group 1, 34.4%; Group 2, 45.0%; Group 3, 20.7%), 835 were analyzed for the primary outcomes. Linear regression analyses revealed that patients in Groups 2 and 3 had significantly higher PCS and MCS at 1 year than those in Group 1 {adjusted mean differences of PCS 1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17–2.68] and 1.94 [95% CI 0.65–3.23], respectively, and adjusted mean differences of MCS 2.53 [95% CI 0.92–4.14] and 2.20 [95% CI 0.45–3.95], respectively}.ConclusionsTransportation modality was a significant prognostic factor for both PCS and MCS after 1 year in maintenance HD patients.
On the Security of LWE Cryptosystem against Subversion Attacks
Authors: Yang Zhichao , Chen Rongmao , Li Chao , Qu Longjiang , Yang Guomin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Subversion of cryptography has received wide attentions especially after the Snowden Revelations in 2013. Most of the currently proposed subversion attacks essentially rely on the freedom of randomness choosing in the cryptographic protocol to hide backdoors embedded in the cryptosystems. Despite the fact that significant progresses in this line of research have been made, most of them mainly considered the classical setting, while the research gap regarding subversion attacks against post-quantum cryptography remains tremendous. Inspired by this observation, we investigate a subversion attack against existing protocol that is proved post-quantum secure. Particularly, we show an efficient way to undetectably subvert the well-known lattice-based encryption scheme proposed by Regev (STOC 2005). Our subversion enables the subverted algorithm to stealthily leak arbitrary messages to the outsider who knows the backdoor. Through theoretical analysis and experimental observations, we demonstrate that the subversion attack against the LWE encryption scheme is feasible and practical.
Towards clinical utility of polygenic risk scores
Authors: Lambert Samuel A , Abraham Gad , Inouye Michael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Prediction of disease risk is an essential part of preventative medicine, often guiding clinical management. Risk prediction typically includes risk factors such as age, sex, family history of disease and lifestyle (e.g. smoking status); however, in recent years, there has been increasing interest to include genomic information into risk models. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) aggregate the effects of many genetic variants across the human genome into a single score and have recently been shown to have predictive value for multiple common diseases. In this review, we summarize the potential use cases for seven common diseases (breast cancer, prostate cancer, coronary artery disease, obesity, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease) where PRS has or could have clinical utility. PRS analysis for these diseases frequently revolved around (i) risk prediction performance of a PRS alone and in combination with other non-genetic risk factors, (ii) estimation of lifetime risk trajectories, (iii) the independent information of PRS and family history of disease or monogenic mutations and (iv) estimation of the value of adding a PRS to specific clinical risk prediction scenarios. We summarize open questions regarding PRS usability, ancestry bias and transferability, emphasizing the need for the next wave of studies to focus on the implementation and health-economic value of PRS testing. In conclusion, it is becoming clear that PRS have value in disease risk prediction and there are multiple areas where this may have clinical utility.
What guides lemmings movements through the snowpack?
Authors: Poirier Mathilde , Gauthier Gilles , Domine Florent 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The presence of a snowpack, which may last up to 9 months in the Arctic, can provide insulation from the cold winter temperature for small mammals living beneath it, such as lemmings. Since lemmings have to move through the snowpack during that period, it is important to better understand how the physical properties of snow affect the way they dig tunnels. Here, we tested 1) whether lemmings systematically dig in the snowpack at the ground level where they can find their food plants, and 2) whether they choose the softest snow layer in which to dig, which is usually the depth hoar layer in the arctic snowpack. We found 33 lemming tunnels in 2017 and 2018 by digging through the snow at the sites of arctic fox attacks on lemmings. Contrary to our expectation, almost all the tunnels (32/33) were found to be higher than ground level, probably because of the presence of obstacles (i.e., melt-freeze crusts or hummocks) at the base of the snowpack. As predicted, all tunnels were dug in the soft depth hoar layer, which had a lower density than snow layers below and above it. Lemmings also showed a preference to dig their tunnels at the top of the depth hoar, just below a hard snow layer. Systematically digging their tunnels in the lowest-density snow layer, regardless of its height in the snow pack, could be a strategy for lemmings to minimize energy expenditure, which could improve their survival and chances of reproducing in winter.
An MRI study of immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced musculoskeletal manifestations myofasciitis is the prominent imaging finding
Authors: Daoussis Dimitrios , Kraniotis Pantelis , Filippopoulou Alexandra , Argiriadi Rafaella , Theodoraki Spyridoula , Makatsoris Thomas , Koutras Angelos , Kehagias Ioannis , Papachristou Dionysios J , Solomou Aikaterini , Kalofonos Haralabos , Liossis Stamatis-Nick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess: (i) the prevalence, and clinical and imaging characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced musculoskeletal immune-related adverse events (ir-AEs) in a prospective manner and (ii) whether serum levels of cytokines associated with the Th1/Th2/Th17 response are differentially expressed in patients with and without musculoskeletal Ir-AEs.MethodsAll patients treated with ICI who developed musculoskeletal manifestations were referred to the Rheumatology Department, and an MRI of the involved area(s) was performed.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 130 patients were treated with ICIs. Of these, 10 (7.7%) developed ICI-induced Ir-AEs. The median time from ICI treatment since development of symptoms was 2.5 months. Three different patterns of musculoskeletal manifestations were found: (i) prominent joint involvement (n = 3); (ii) prominent ‘periarticular’ involvement (n = 4). These patients had diffuse swelling of the hands, feet or knees. MRI depicted mild synovitis with more prominent myositis and/or fasciitis in the surrounding tissues in all cases; (iii) myofasciitis (n = 3). Clinically, these patients presented with pain in the knee(s)/thigh(s), whereas MRI depicted myofasciitis of the surrounding muscles. Patients with musculoskeletal ir-AEs had significantly higher oncologic response rates compared with patients not exhibiting musculoskeletal ir-AEs (50% vs 12.5%, respectively, P = 0.0016). Cytokine levels associated with a Th1/Th2/Th17 response were similar between patients with and without musculoskeletal ir-AEs. Overall, symptoms were mild/moderate and responded well to treatment, with no need for ICI discontinuation.ConclusionIn our cohort, ICI-induced musculoskeletal manifestations developed in 7.7% of patients. Imaging evidence of myofasciitis was found in most patients, indicating that the muscle/fascia is more frequently involved than the synovium.