bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a score chart to predict the risk of chronic mesenteric ischemia and development of an updated score chart
Authors: van Dijk Louisa JD , van Noord Desirée , Geelkerken Robert H , Harki Jihan , Berendsen Sophie A , de Vries Annemarie C , Moelker Adriaan , Vergouwe Yvonne , Verhagen Hence JM , Kolkman Jeroen J , Bruno Marco J ,   Dutch Mesenteric Ischemia Study group
Published: June 2019

Background and objectiveThe objective of this article is to externally validate and update a recently published score chart for chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI).MethodsA multicenter prospective cohort analysis was conducted of 666 CMI‐suspected patients referred to two Dutch specialized CMI centers. Multidisciplinary consultation resulted in expert‐based consensus diagnosis after which CMI consensus patients were treated. A definitive diagnosis of CMI was established if successful treatment resulted in durable symptom relief. The absolute CMI risk was calculated and discriminative ability of the original chart was assessed by the c‐statistic in the validation cohort. Thereafter the original score chart was updated based on the performance in the combined original and validation cohort with inclusion of celiac artery (CA) stenosis cause.ResultsIn 8% of low‐risk patients, 39% of intermediate‐risk patients and 94% of high‐risk patients of the validation cohort, CMI was diagnosed. Discriminative ability of the original model was acceptable (c‐statistic 0.79). The total score of the updated chart ranged from 0 to 28 points (low risk 19% absolute CMI risk, intermediate risk 45%, and high risk 92%). The discriminative ability of the updated chart was slightly better (c‐statistic 0.80).ConclusionThe CMI prediction model performs and discriminates well in the validation cohort. The updated score chart has excellent discriminative ability and is useful in clinical decision making.
Pre- and Perioperative Risk Factors of Post Hip Fracture Surgery Walking Failure in the Elderly
Authors: Ko YoungJi 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Osteoporotic hip fractures are a major problem. They increase mortality, morbidity, and functional decline. Recovery of ambulatory status is an essential prerequisite for older adults living in a normal environment. The main objective of this study was to investigate walking failure at 3 to 6 months after hip fracture surgery with the aim of identifying pre- and perioperative risk factors associated with it. Methods: A total of 120 participants (>65 years) were recruited following hip fracture surgery at a teaching hospital. Walking status was assessed on average 4.4 ± 1.3 months after hip fracture surgery and compared with prefracture walking status. The participants were divided into 2 groups according to walking status (group 1: ambulatory; group 2: nonambulatory) and risk factors associated with a failure to walk were determined using binominal logistic regression analysis. Results: The rate of recovery to prefracture ambulatory status was about 18.3% and 25% of participants could not walk at all. Risk factors for not being able to walk at all included poor prefracture ambulatory status and living at a long care facility as nonmodifiable factors, whereas a shorter length of stay before surgery and having a longer total hospitalization periods were modifiable factors. Conclusion: Walking recovery after hip fracture surgery was very poor at 3 to 6 months after hip fracture surgery. Based on our findings, older adults living in a long care facility should be provided their medical and functional needs through professional health-care providers and systematic health delivery systems. The therapeutic management for underlying diseases affecting surgery should precede unconditional early surgery. Older adults hospitalized during longer periods should be focused on their functional care.
Postrelapse survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma after therapy failure following autologous transplantation
Authors: Epperla Narendranath , Badar Talha , Szabo Aniko , Vaughn John , Borson Steve , Saini Neeraj Y. , Patel Romil D. , Shah Nirav N. , Hamadani Mehdi , Ahmed Sairah , Cashen Amanda F. , Fenske Timothy S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Outcomes for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients relapsing after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT) have been historically poor. We studied outcomes of such patients using data from 4 transplantation centers. Eligibility criteria included adult patients (age ≥18 years) with DLBCL experiencing disease relapse after auto-HCT performed during 2006 to 2015. The time period was stratified into 2 eras (era 1, 2006-2010; era 2, 2011-2015). The primary end point was postrelapse overall survival (PR-OS). Secondary end points were factors prognostic of PR-OS. Of the 700 patients with DLBCL who underwent auto-HCT, 248 (35%) relapsed after auto-HCT. Median PR-OS of all relapsed DLBCL patients after auto-HCT (n = 228) was 9.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7-15). Median PR-OS was significantly better for patients in complete (17.8 months; 95% CI, 7.9-41.6) vs partial remission at auto-HCT (7.1 months; 95% CI, 5.4-11; P = .01), those undergoing auto-HCT &gt;1 year (12.8 months; 95% CI, 7.6-24.9) vs ≤1 year after DLBCL diagnosis (6.3 months; 95% CI, 4.5-9.2; P = .01), and those with late (56.4 months; 95% CI, 23.7-∞) vs early relapse (5.9 months; 95% CI, 4.5-8.8; P &lt; .0001). On multivariate analysis, although late relapse (hazard ratio [HR], 0.21; 95% CI, 0.13-0.34; P &lt; .0001) was associated with significantly lower mortality, the risk of mortality increased with age (HR, 1.25 per decade; 95% CI, 1.06-1.48; P = .009). This is the largest study to date to evaluate outcomes of DLBCL patients relapsing after auto-HCT. Our study provides benchmarking for future trials of chimeric antigen receptor T cells and other promising agents evaluating PR-OS after auto-HCT.
Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials
Authors: Zhao Chen , Zhang Yiwen , Wang Chong-Chen , Hou Miaole , Li Aiqun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Both conservation and intervention methods must be compatible with each other and appropriate for the original building materials. Therefore, the characterization of historic building materials is indispensable for investigating chemical composition, micro-structure and morphological features to study the current condition, environmental influence and change mechanism due to natural aging or man-made decay processes. Given the great variety of chemicals which can be analyzed, complex problems related to architectural heritage materials are investigated via optimized methodologies. Among the existing techniques, optical microscopy (OM) is an inexpensive and dominating tool to obtain preliminary information on complex samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can provide real three-dimensional topographies showing sample surface properties. Electron microscopes combined with energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EM-EDX) are the instruments specifically developed to acquire images of target materials at high magnification. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies are frequently used to characterize inorganic and organic compounds. Thermal analysis can rapidly and accurately measure changes in crystalline structure, dehydration and decomposition. X-ray based technologies have a wide range of applications as follows. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is one of the most frequently used techniques for elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a fast and inexpensive technique for the characterization of man-made and natural materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is applied to quantify the valence and electronic levels of specific elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique for detecting the electronic structure of matter. UV–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy is also of great importance in architectural heritage, which can reveal different physicochemical mechanisms causing color. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can effectively eliminate the pollution on the surface and detect the internal elements of the target material. Ion beam analysis can quantify trace elements with high sensitivity. Mass-based techniques are mainly applied to identify unknown organic substances at the molecular level. This review describes some classical applications of individual techniques and provides scientific support for scientists and engineers to make decisions in the context of architectural heritage.
Do educational interventions stop dating violence?
Authors: Bhavsar Vishal 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYViolence is a critical challenge for society and it disproportionately affects young people. Violence experienced in an intimate relationship is associated with attempted suicide, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, as well as poorer physical health. Interventions to limit intimate partner violence, especially in adolescents and young people, are a priority. This commentary examines a systematic review and meta-analysis of educational interventions for relationship and dating violence in young people aged 12–25 years. Random-effects meta-analysis revealed a small statistical effect on knowledge, but no statistical associations with reduced violence. None of the included studies assessed health outcomes. The reviewers recommend further investigation of educational interventions in low- and middle-income settings, and studies with longer follow-up.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Drug Recovery and Copay Assistance Program in a Community Cancer Center: Charity and Challenges
Authors: Siegel Robert D. , Slough Richard G. , Crosswell Howland E. , Standifer Theresa M. , Borron Michael E. , Pringle Dionne L. , Hancock Karen K. , Widener Lara H. , Hill Erin B. , Spann Terra F. , Stoeppler-Biege Kristina M. 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE: The cost of cancer care is escalating dramatically, in part because of the rising expense of systemic cancer therapy. This creates financial dilemmas for patients and insurers and potential economic disruption for institutions attempting to provide cancer care to the underserved. Our institution initiated a drug recovery and copay assistance program (DRCAP) to mitigate the impact of the rising cost of parenteral medications. METHODS: We performed a 3-year review of our strategies to mitigate financial burden of parenteral therapeutics and supportive care medicines. Financial metrics were established and analyzed before and after implementing DRCAP. Medication encounters and associated costs were stratified by adolescents and young adults (15 to 39 years of age), and adults 40 years of age and older and were annualized from 2016 to 2018. RESULTS: The DRCAP resulted in a total of nearly $3.5 million worth of drugs replaced or copay assistance yearly in 2017 and 2018. This accounted for approximately 10% of our pharmacy budget for parenteral medications in each of these years. The vast majority was received in the form of drug replacement. The DRCAP resulted in assistance to 173 and 256 patients in 2017 and 2018, respectively. CONCLUSION: A DRCAP increased availability of otherwise unaffordable parenteral oncolytics and resulted in cost savings for our institution. Adolescents and young adults were disproportionately represented because of inadequate or no insurance. Despite the salutary benefits, such programs likely inflate the overall cost of cancer care. Cancer care providers participating in a DRCAP will remain in this conundrum until market forces can affect the cost of oncology therapeutics.
Synthesis and Properties of Polyethers Containing 1,3-Butadiene Skeleton in the Backbone
Authors: Kohsaka Yasuhiro , Hiramatsu Akira 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Polyethers containing 1,3-butadiene skeletons in the backbone were prepared from the polycondensation of 2,3-diiodemethyl-1,3-butadiene (2b) and bisphenols (3). Although the polymerization conditions were limited due to the low reactivity of 2b, a series of polyethers was obtained under the optimized conditions. These polymers exhibited glass transition temperatures (Tgs) around 130 °C, while curing points (Tcures) were observed around 245 °C. In addition, P2b/3a afforded a network polymer by the copolymerization with styrene.
Case Report: A rapidly growing cyst on the scalp
Authors: Short Emma , O'Shea Aisling , Mukkanna Krishna , Patel Girish , Docjinov Stefan , May Kenneth 
Published: June 2019

Trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare tumour derived from the outer root sheath of hair follicles. It can be difficult to distinguish both clinically and histologically from other skin lesions, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. We present the case of a 62-year-old female with a 20-year history of three 1-cm cysts on her scalp. Over a six-month period, a cyst overlying the occiput had become painful and grown in size. The general practitioner and subsequently local emergency department suspected infection. The lesion was incised, and the patient was treated with oral antibiotics. At the time of surgical excision, the lesion measured 3 x 4 cm. Microscopic examination identified rounded dermal lobules of squamous epithelium with trichilemmal keratinization, in keeping with a pre-existing pilar cyst. There were areas with nuclear pleomorphism, mitoses and an infiltrative architecture. A diagnosis of trichilemmal carcinoma arising in a pilar cyst was made. Trichilemmal carcinomas are considered to be a low-grade tumour, but they have the potential to spread to lymph nodes and to metastasise to distant sites in the body, therefore adequate excision and appropriate follow-up are required.
How Do Firms Feel About Participation by Their Peers in the Regulatory Design Process? An Online Survey Experiment Testing the Substantive Change and Spillover Mechanisms
Authors: Malesky Edmund , Taussig Markus 
Published: June 2019

This paper examines two concerns with calls for increased participation by firms in the government design of regulations in emerging markets. First, given the profit maximization goals of firms, can the benefits of business participation be realized without weakening the social protections that regulations are meant to offer? Second, can resource-constrained states realistically use consultation programs to influence the behavior of enough relevant firms to achieve a reasonable breadth of social protection? We explore these understudied questions through an online survey experiment involving 121 firm managers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We find that firms prompted to think about worker safety favored regulatory changes that arose from suggestions by other firms over those resulting from suggestions by chemical safety experts even when unaware of the involvement of either source in the design process. By contrast, firms prompted to focus on business success did not express significant support for revisions suggested by either firms or experts. Learning about the participation of fellow firms positively influenced views about the legitimacy of the state’s regulatory authority but not of the focal regulation itself.The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2019.0084 .
Discriminatory Product Differentiation: The Case of Israel’s Omission from Airline Route Maps
Authors: Vaaler Paul M. , Waldfogel Joel 
Published: June 2019

We ask whether international firms compete by designing products attractive to customers because they are objectionable to others. We investigate “discriminatory product differentiation” among international airlines through depictions of Israel on online route maps and availability of kosher meal options on online in-flight menus. Analyses of data for 112 airlines indicate that Israel’s map omission and omission of kosher meal options increase for airlines with customers from countries exhibiting higher rates of anti-Semitism and airlines with state owners not recognizing Israel. Neither omission matters for membership in major alliances. Such discrimination may be objectionable, but its subtlety permits industry globalization. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2019.0086 .
The Perth Surgical Wound Dehiscence Risk Assessment Tool (PSWDRAT): development and prospective validation in the clinical setting
Authors: Sandy-Hodgetts Kylie , Carville Keryln , Santamaria Nick , Parsons Richard , Leslie Gavin D. 
Published: June 2019

Objective: The worldwide volume of surgery today is considerable and postoperative wound healing plays a significant part in facilitating a patient's recovery and rehabilitation. While contemporary surgical procedures are relatively safe, complications such as surgical wound dehiscence (SWD) or breakdown of the incision site may occur despite advances in surgical techniques, infection control practices and wound care. SWD impacts on patient mortality and morbidity and significantly contributes to prolonged hospital stay. Preoperative identification of patients at risk of SWD may be valuable in reducing the risk of postoperative wound complications. Method: A three-phase study was undertaken to determine risk factors associated with SWD, develop a preoperative patient risk assessment tool and to prospectively validate the tool in a clinical setting. Phases 1 and 2 were retrospective case control studies. Phase 1 determined variables associated with SWD and these informed the development of a risk assessment tool. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were applied to identify predictors of surgical risk. Phase 2 used the receiver operator curve statistic to determine the predictive power of the tool. Phase 3 involved a prospective consecutive case series validation to test the inter-rater reliability and predictive power of the tool. Results: In addition to those already identified in the literature, one independent risk predictor for SWD was identified: previous surgery in the same anatomical location (p<0.001, odds ratio [OR] 4). Multiple combined factors were integrated into the tool and included: age (p<0.019, OR 3), diabetes (p<0.624, OR 2), obesity (p<0.94, OR 1.4), smoking (p<0.387, OR 2), cardiovascular disease (p<0.381 OR 3) and peripheral arterial disease (p<0.501, OR 3). The predictive power of the tool yielded 71% in a combined data sample. Conclusion: Patients with previous surgery in the same anatomical location were four times more likely to incur a dehiscence. Identification of at-risk patients for complications postoperatively is integral to reducing SWD occurrence and improving health-related outcomes following surgery.
Dual-Energy Computed Tomography-Enabled Material Separation in Diagnosing Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus
Authors: He Yu-Quan , Liu Lin , Zhang Meng-Chao , Zeng Hong , Yang Ping 
Published: June 2019

We explored the potential clinical value of material separation enabled by dual-energy spectral computed tomography in detecting left atrial appendage thrombi.
The study enrolled 24 patients who were scheduled to undergo atrial fibrillation ablation (12 with and 12 without left atrial appendage thrombi). Computed tomograms were acquired in gemstone spectral imaging mode; the densities in the regions of the left atrial appendage cavities, pectinate muscles, and left atrial appendage thrombi were analyzed on monochromatic 70-keV images. Iodine and blood were chosen as the material basis pair; the iodine and blood densities were observed and quantitatively determined from the iodine- and blood-specific material decomposition images.
On the 70-keV monochromatic and iodine-specific images, the left atrial appendage pectinate muscles and thrombi appeared as areas of hypodense attenuation. On the blood-specific images, similar areas of high attenuation were observed in the thrombi and cavities, whereas lower attenuation was noticed in the pectinate muscles. The quantitative iodine and blood densities in the pectinate muscles were lower than those in the cavities (P <0.001). The iodine densities in the thrombi were lower than those in the cavities (P <0.001); however, blood densities did not differ significantly between the thrombi and cavities (P=0.192). Compared with the pectinate muscles, the thrombi showed lower blood-density differences (P=0.003) and higher iodine-density differences (P=0.006) in relation to the cavities.
Spectral computed tomography-enabled material separation is a novel method for differentiating left atrial appendage thrombi from pectinate muscles. The potential applications of this technology warrant further studies.
A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Regorafenib and TAS-102 in Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sonbol Mohamad Bassam , Benkhadra Raed , Wang Zhen , Firwana Belal , Walden Daniel J. , Mody Kabir , Hubbard Joleen M. , Murad M. Hassan , Ahn Daniel H. , Bekaii-Saab Tanios 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Regorafenib at different dosing strategies and TAS-102 are treatment options for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness evidence supporting these different strategies.

Materials and Methods
We searched different databases for randomized controlled trials evaluating TAS-102 or regorafenib in patients with refractory mCRC who failed prior oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and fluoropyrimidine. Outcomes of interest included overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The overall effect was pooled using the DerSimonian random effects model. We conducted network meta-analysis based on White's multivariate meta-regression to pool evidence from direct and indirect comparisons.

Results
Six trials at low risk of bias (2,445 patients) were included. Direct comparisons showed that Rego 160 and TAS-102 as monotherapy were superior to best-supportive care (BSC) in terms of PFS (Rego 160: hazard ratio [HR], 0.4; 95% confidence ratio [CI], 0.26–0.63; TAS-102: HR, 0.46 CI, 0.40–0.52) and OS (Rego 160: HR, 0.67; CI, 0.48–0.93; TAS-102: HR, 0.67; CI, 0.57–0.80). Network analysis showed no statistically difference in PFS or OS between Rego 160 and TAS-102. Rego 80+ was superior to BSC in terms of OS (HR, 0.44; CI, 0.23–0.84) and PFS (HR, 0.37; CI, 0.21–0.66). Rego 80+ was associated with statistically nonsignificant improvement in OS and PFS compared with TAS-102 and Rego 160.

Conclusion
Regorafenib 160 and TAS-102 appear to have similar efficacy. Rego 80+ is shown to be superior to BSC. A trend for improved OS was observed with Rego 80+ versus Rego 160 or TAS 102.

Implications for Practice
Regorafenib at a dose of 160 mg and TAS-102 appear to have similar efficacy in patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Regorafenib with a dose escalation strategy is superior to best-supportive care. Given its tolerability and the observed trend in survival benefit compared with regorafenib 160, dose escalation strategy of regorafenib (80+) may be the preferred option in this setting.