bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOME ASPECTS OF INFLUENCE EXERTED BY LARGE-SCALE EFFECT NATURE AT CYCLIC TESTS ON OPERATION AND RELIABILITY OF ALUMINUM ALLOY PRODUCTS
Authors: Chernyshov E. A. , Romanov A. D. , Mylnikov V. V. 
Published: November 2018

The article describes a study into the large-scale effect and properties of surface layers of solids in case of the Al–Mg system (AMg2) aluminum alloy. It demonstrates the dependence of surface layer properties on the absolute sizes of bodies. The conclusions obtained can be extended to studying the influence of different shapes of solids on their surface and linear bulk properties. New technology development and technological advance constantly toughen metal consumption requirements of engineering devices thus making it rather difficult to avoid fatigue striations and cracks forming in critical parts. In certain cases they may form at the earliest stages of operation, i.e. parts run with cracks most of their life cycle. Therefore, comprehensive assessment of their performance and life requires reliable data on the evolution of cyclic strength and durability parameters, and maximum information on the process of damage accumulation at all stages of fatigue loading: stages of crack origin and development leading to structural failure. Therefore, the need to improve the methods of fatigue testing and failure pattern detection is one of the most relevant problems of technical advance. It is established that the difference in deformation at a surface leads to changes in work-hardenability that involves changes in surface damageability and strength performance of samples. An approach to the large-scale effect as a phenomenon is considered from the perspective of the difference in surface layer plastic deformation for samples of different absolute sizes.
STUDY INTO STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF TWO-PHASE TITANIUM ALLOY DURING THERMAL DEFORMATION PROCESSING
Authors: Churyumov A. Yu. , Spasenko V. V. , Hazhina D. M. , Mikhaylovskaya A. V. , Solonin A. N. , Prosviryakov A. S. 
Published: November 2018

This paper studies Ti–3,5Fe–4Cu–0,2B two-phase titanium alloy behavior during its thermal deformation processing under uniaxial compression. Boron was added to obtain a fine-grained structure in the cast state. Samples of alloys 6 mm in diameter were obtained by melting pure components in a vacuum induction furnace with their subsequent crystallization into a solid copper mold. Uniaxial compression tests with a true strain of 0,9 were performed using the Gleeble 3800 thermal-mechanical physical simulation system at 750, 800 and 900 °C and strain rates of 0,1; 1 and 10 s–1. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the microstructure of the alloy in its initial and deformed states. A model of flow stress dependence on temperature and strain rate was built as a result of the tests. It is shown that pressure treatment involves recrystallization of the initial cast structure containing solid solutions based on α-Ti, β-Ti and titanium diboride aggregates. During the deformation process, the volume fraction of α-titanium solid solution grains decreases with rising temperature, and the fraction of the β phase, on the contrary, increases. In this case, the average grain size of solid solutions based on α-Ti and β-Ti varies insignificantly after deformation in almost all of the studied modes. It is shown that the preferred mode of hot pressure treatment for obtaining a high complex of mechanical properties in the investigated alloy is a temperature range of 750– 800 °C, since α-phase grain sizes increase from 2,2 to 4,5 μm with an increase in temperature to 900 °C.
EVALUATION OF SERUM IRISIN WITH LIPID PROFILE IN TYPE-2 DIABETIC PATIENTS IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Maarouf Fenk , Mohammed Mohammed , Omer Nazaneen , Nore Beston 
Published: November 2018

Background
Obesity has become one of the most growing global risk factor for many diseases and metabolic disorders, including Type -2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Irisin is a recently discovered myokine hormone and has a primary structure of 112 amino acids. It is expressed and secreted by muscles in response to physical activities that control obesity and delay insulin resistance. Several studies show decrease in Irisin levels in a number of metabolic disorders, but the Irisin status is unknown in diabetic patients in our region.
Objectives
To evaluate the level of serum Irisin with serum lipid profile in T2DM patients.
Patients and Methods
This study was carried out on 256 individuals, 156 T2DM patients (study group) and 100 non-diabetic individuals (control group) in Sulaimani diabetic centre. The serum level of irisin, glucose, urea, creatinine, lipid profile, and glycated hemoglobin were determined using biochemical and immunological methods. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14 software.
Results
The mean serum Irisin level was significantly higher (P<0.01) in the control group compared to T2DM (3.34±1.48 vs. 1.82±1.44) respectively. The body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in T2DM patients (31.06 ±5.3) compared to the control (28.55±3.9). The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly higher in T2DM, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was lower in T2DM compared to the control. The Atherogenic Index of plasma (AIP) was significantly higher inT2DM (1.9±0.44) compared to the control (1.2±0.59). There was a significant inverse association (p<0.001) between AIP and serum Irisin in both groups.
Conclusions
Serum Irisin was significantly lower in T2DM compared to non-diabetic control. There was a significant inverse correlation between serum Irisin and AIP in both groups. However, there was no significant correlation between serum Irisin with age, gender and BMI in both groups.
PREVALENCE OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AMONG PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASES (ASTHMA, COPD, BRONCHIECTASIS) IN SULAIMANI
Authors: Karadakhy Kamaran , Haji Chrakhan 
Published: November 2018

Background
Role of vitamin D in respiratory diseases is still need to be addressed. Literatures showed lower levels of vitamin D was associated with a reduction of lung function assessed by FEV1 and FVC in normal subjects.
Objectives
To assess the vitamin D level in patients with obstructive pulmonary diseases and matched controls, and to study the variability in vitamin D level with obstructive pulmonary disease characteristics.
Materials and Methods
A total of 102 cases with Obstructive Pulmonary Disease were enrolled and 127 healthy subjects as a control group. History taking, respiratory questionnaire, spirometry, chest CT scan and chest X-Ray had been used in the diagnosis. Patients with thyroid function disorder, vitamin D user, and bad compliance were excluded. Waters CE-Marks in Vitro Diagnostic Mass Trak Vitamin D Solution was used to determine the level of vitamin D in both groups. Lab values in ng/ml; Deficiency (<20 ng/ml), Insufficiency (20-29 ng\ml) and Sufficiency (30-100 ng\ml).
Results
All the data from both enrolled and control group were entered and analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20. From 102 cases two cases within normal value (1.7%), 88 cases (86.3%) Deficiency <20 ng/ml, 12 cases (11.8%) Insufficiency (20-29) ng/ml. Totally 100 cases (98.3 %) had low Vitamin D. The prevalence of low Vitamin D level in asthma was 96.3 %, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 100%, and bronchiectasis 100 %. Both age and smoking habit had a statistically significant relationship with Vitamin D level.
Conclusion
The prevalence of low Vitamin D is very high in both patients and health group (98.3 % and 85.8%). Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease and bronchiectasis were 100% and asthma cases were 96.3%. Both age and smoking habit had a significant effect on Vitamin D level. Undiagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pumonary Disease was a big challenge in our study. We will recommend the parallel process of the diagnosis and screening for both ObstructivePulmonary Disease and Vitamin D level.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTICOAGULANT DRUGS IN ELIGIBLE PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Karem Omed , Hamza Karwan 
Published: November 2018

Background
Atrial fibrillation is associated with substantial mortality and morbidity from stroke and thromboembolism. Despite an efficacious oral anticoagulation, atrial fibrillation patients at high risk for stroke are often under-treated.
Objectives
To detect the percentage of anticoagulant eligible patients with atrial fibrillation not receiving anticoagulant therapy and its causes, and whether the INR target is reached or not.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study in the medical emergency department and neurology unit of Shar hospital in Slemani city was carried out, from the 1st of Jan 2017 to the 1st of Dec 2017, on a sample of two hundred and seventy-two patients with atrial fibrillation. Data were obtained from the patient’s case notes for their personal detail including age, sex, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, vascular disease, heart failure, and thromboembolism.
Results
Two hundred seventy-two patients diagnosed with atrial Atrial Fibrillation, 148 (54.4%) females 124 (45.6%) males, mean age 70.43 years were ana­lyzed and among these patients, 24 had valvular AF and 248 had no valvular AF patients. Warfarin was prescribed in 54(19.85%), antiplatelet in 63 (23.16%) patients, new oral anticoagulant in 19 (6.98%) patients and no antithrombotic therapy in 136 (50%) patients. The common cause behind why most patients with AF were not prescribed anticoagulants was; not prescribed by a physician 107 (53.76%) patients. Regarding those patients prescribed warfarin only 26 (48.1) patients INR level was in the therapeutic range.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates underuse of oral anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation patients with high risk of stroke.
UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS AND HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION: DIABETIC VERSUS NON-DIABETIC DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS IN SULAIMANI CITY
Authors: Shekhani Mohammad , Ahmad Shaho 
Published: November 2018

Background
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic lifelong condition that widely affects whole body systems. The gastrointestinal tract is one of these systems that is significantly affected by diabetes mellitus. Infection is common and is sometimes severe among diabetic patients.
Objectives
To determine the association between H. pylori infection and diabetes mellitus and to show any difference in upper GI endoscopic findings between diabetic and non-diabetic patients who presented with dyspepsia.
Methods
This study is a retrospective study. Sixty diabetic and 60 non-diabetic patients were enrolled in this study, all presented with dyspeptic symptoms, underwent upper GI endoscopy. H. pylori status was evaluated. Glycemic control of diabetic patients was assessed by HbA1c. Comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic patients done.
Results
The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 81.66% among diabetic patients, and 68.33% among nondiabetic patients and the difference in the occurrence of H. pylori between those 2 groups statistically not significant. The duration of diabetes and level of HbA1c were not related to the prevalence of H. pylori infection. The upper GI endoscopic findings were not significantly different between those two groups.
Conclusion
Our study does reveal that although H. pylori infection is more common among diabetics than nondiabetic patients such difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in upper GI endoscopic findings between diabetic and non-diabetic groups.
Modelos não lineares ajustados à produção acumulada de biogás provenientes de camas sobrepostas de suínos
Authors: De Castro Silveira Sílvio , Augusto Muniz Joel , Aparecida Sousa Francine , Torres Campos Alessandro 
Published: November 2018

Vive-se atualmente diversos problemas com a escassez de chuvas, um deles é a baixa produção de energia hidrelétrica e consequente elevação nos preços da tarifa de energia elétrica; para o homem do campo a situação pode ser pior ainda visto que nem todos são atendidos com o fornecimento de energia elétrica. Uma saída para o homem do campo é aproveitar os resíduos provenientes das atividades de plantio e criação para a produção do biogás através de biodigestores e geração de energia. Além do benefício do biogás e da energia, a utilização dos resíduos nos biodigestores promove o saneamento rural e produz biofertilizante de alta qualidade. Este trabalho trata-se de um estudo de regressão com os modelos não lineares sigmoide de Boltzmann, Gompertz e Logístico utilizando-se de dados provenientes de um projeto desenvolvido por Sousa (2014) com o objetivo de verificar qual modelo de regressão não linear melhor se ajusta à produção acumulada de biogás proveniente de biodigestores modelo batelada com material diluído de cama de suíno preparada com maravalha e bagaço de cana e somente com maravalha. Verificou-se que o modelo não linear sigmoide de Boltzmann é superior aos demais modelos e por consequência mais eficiente para o dimensionamento da produção de biogás e energia elétrica.
Baños de vapor en sitios arqueológicos zoques. Nuevos datos desde el occidente de Chiapas.
Authors: Domenici Davide , Zurla Lorenzo , Campiani Arianna , Lee Whiting Thomas A. 
Published: November 2018

Las excavaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo por el Proyecto Arqueológico Río La Venta en la Selva El Ocote, Chiapas, han permitido investigar varios baños de vapor en sitios zoques fechados entre el Clásico Tardío-Terminal y el Posclásico Tardío; entre ellos destaca un monumental baño de vapor rectangular del periodo Clásico Tardío-Terminal, ubicado en el centro del sitio arqueológico de El Higo. Este temazcal es casi idéntico a los previamente excavados en los sitios de San Antonio, Chiapas, y Malpasito, Tabasco, ambos asociados a juegos de pelota. Los tres baños de vapor monumentales del Clásico Tardío-Terminal pertenecen a una misma tipología relacionada con una fase de gran florecimiento cultural de los grupos zoqueanos de Chiapas y Tabasco. Sus características sugieren que una modalidad específica de juego de pelota, junto con los rituales asociados a ella, constituyó un fuerte elemento de cohesión sociopolítica de la esfera cultural zoqueana. Los datos relativos a los baños de vapor posclásicos, de forma circular y a veces asociados a plataformas también circulares, son un primer acercamiento a una fase tardía de la cultura zoque, aún poco conocida desde el punto de vista arqueológico. En el presente artículo se resumen, asimismo, los datos arqueológicos relativos a otros baños de vapor hallados en el área zoque, contextualizando así los hallazgos del Proyecto Arqueológico Río La Venta, que se describen en forma sistemática por primera vez.
Minimally Invasive Versus Open Repair for Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture
Authors: Grassi Alberto , Amendola Annunziato , Samuelsson Kristian , Svantesson Eleonor , Romagnoli Matteo , Bondi Alice , Mosca Massimiliano , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: November 2018

Background:
There is no consensus on the optimal technique for repairing an acute Achilles tendon rupture. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the complications, subjective outcomes, and functional results between minimally invasive surgery and open repair of an Achilles tendon rupture.

Methods:
A systematic literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EBSCOhost, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing minimally invasive surgery and open repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. A meta-analysis was performed, while bias and the quality of the evidence were rated according to the Cochrane Database questionnaire and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. The meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results:
Eight studies, with 182 patients treated with minimally invasive surgery and 176 treated with open repair, were included. The meta-analysis showed a significantly decreased risk ratio (RR) of 0.21 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.10 to 0.40, p = 0.00001) for overall complications and 0.15 (95% CI = 0.05 to 0.46, p = 0.0009) for wound infection after minimally invasive surgery. Patients treated with minimally invasive surgery were more likely to report good or excellent subjective results (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.33, p = 0.009). No differences between groups were found with respect to reruptures, sural nerve injury, return to preinjury activity level, time to return to work, or ankle range of motion. The overall quality of evidence was generally low because of a substantial risk of bias, heterogeneity, indirectness of outcome reporting, and evaluation of a limited number of patients.

Conclusions:
There was a significantly decreased risk of postoperative complications, especially wound infection, when acute Achilles tendon rupture was treated with minimally invasive surgery compared with open surgery. Patients treated with minimally invasive surgery were significantly more likely to report a good or excellent subjective outcome. Current evidence is associated with high heterogeneity and a considerable risk of bias.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Stability of the Porous Tantalum Components Used in Revision THA to Treat Severe Acetabular Defects
Authors: Solomon Lucian B. , Abrahams John M. , Callary Stuart A. , Howie Donald W. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The acetabular components used in revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) to treat severe acetabular bone defects have high rates of re-revision at mid to long-term follow-up. Early translation of acetabular components used in revision THA is a good predictor of later loosening, and radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is the most sensitive method to measure migration. The objectives of the present study were to use RSA to compare the migration of the porous tantalum acetabular components used to treat severe bone defects with the previously established acceptable proximal translation threshold of ≤1 mm within 2 years, and to determine the effect on migration of the addition of inferior screws through the component into the ischium or pubis.

Methods:
RSA was utilized to measure the migration of 55 porous tantalum components used to treat severe acetabular defects (28 Paprosky IIIA, 27 Paprosky IIIB; 21 hips with pelvic discontinuity) at a mean follow-up of 4 years (range, 2 to 12 years).

Results:
Forty-eight of the 55 components migrated less than the threshold that predicts later loosening (>1 mm) and 50 had not been re-revised at the time of the latest follow-up. Seven components, none of which had inferior screw fixation, exceeded the translation threshold. Of these, 6 were implanted to treat pelvic discontinuity. Of those 6 components, 5 were re-revised for loosening related to patient symptoms. At 2 years, the absolute median proximal translation of components with inferior screw fixation was |0.3| mm (range, |0.1| to |0.9| mm), compared with |0.4| mm (range, |0.03| to |16.4| mm) for those without inferior screws (p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
As measured with use of RSA, the majority of porous tantalum acetabular components used in a revision THA to treat severe acetabular defects had acceptable early migration. This predicts good long-term survivorship of these components. The use of inferior screws further improved acetabular component fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Effect of Time During the Academic Year or Resident Training Level on Complication Rates After Lower-Extremity Orthopaedic Trauma Procedures
Authors: Casp Aaron J. , Patterson Brendan M. , Yarboro Seth R. , Tennant Josh N. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Few studies have evaluated the effect of resident participation on morbidity and mortality after orthopaedic trauma surgery. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether complications after orthopaedic trauma procedures involving residents correlate with the level of resident training and the timing in the academic year.

Methods:
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for all patients who underwent operative fixation of proximal femoral fractures, femoral shaft fractures, and tibial shaft fractures from 2005 to 2012. A total of 1,851 cases with resident involvement were identified, and complication rates were calculated and analyzed with respect to resident level of training (postgraduate year [PGY] 1 through 6) and the academic quarter in which the procedure took place.

Results:
The composite complication rates in the first academic quarter for serious adverse events (10.96%), any adverse events (18.57%), and surgical complications (9.62%) did not significantly differ from those during the remainder of the year (11.40%, 17.81%, and 7.19%, respectively). The rates of any adverse event were significantly higher for senior-level residents (quarter 1, 20.58%; quarter 2, 20.05%) than for junior residents (quarter 1, 11.76%; quarter 2, 12.44%) during the first half of the academic year (quarter 1, p = 0.044; quarter 2, p = 0.024).

Conclusions:
This evaluation of the composite complication rates found no “July effect” in lower-extremity orthopaedic trauma surgery. There was evidence for a July effect for superficial surgical site infections, in that there was a significantly higher rate in the first academic quarter. Senior residents may benefit from more oversight or instruction during the first portion of the academic year.
A Comprehensive Review on C-3 Functionalization of β-Lactams
Authors: Nagpal Reshma , Bhalla Jitender , Bari Shamsher S. 
Published: November 2018

Background:A lot of advancement has been made in the area of β-lactams in recent times. Most of the research is targeted towards the synthesis of novel β-lactams, their functionalization and exploring their biological potential. The C-3 functionalization of β-lactams has continued to attract considerable interest of the scientific community due to their utility as versatile intermediates in organic synthesis and their therapeutic applications. This has led to the significant increase in efforts towards developing efficient and economic strategies for C-3 functionalized β-lactams.Objective:The present review aims to highlight recent advancement made in C-3 functionalization of β-lactams.Conclusion:To summarize, functionalization of β-lactams at C-3 is an essential aspect of β-lactam chemistry in order to improve/modify its synthetic utility as well as biological potential. The C-3 carbocation equivalent method has emerged as an important and convenient strategy for C-3 functionalization of β-lactam heterocycles which provides a wide range of β-lactams viz. 3-alkylated β-lactams, 3-aryl/heteroarylated β-lactams, 3- alkoxylated β-lactams. On the other hand, base mediated functionalization of β-lactams via carbanion intermediate is another useful approach but their scope is limited by the requirement of stringent reaction conditions. In addition to this, organometallic reagent mediated α-alkylation of 3-halo/3-keto-β-lactams also emerged as interesting methods for the synthesis of functionalized β-lactams having good yields and diastereoselectivities.