bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment planning algorithm for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy considering multiple tumor lesions and organs at risk
Authors: Jiménez‐Franco Luis David , Kletting Peter , Beer Ambros J. , Glatting Gerhard 
Published: June 2018

PurposePeptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has shown promising results in the treatment of tumors with high expression of somatostatin receptors such as neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and meningioma. However, PRRT potentially produces high renal and red marrow (RM) toxicity, the kidneys usually being the dose‐limiting organ. Previously, it was shown that an improved therapeutic index can be achieved by choosing an optimal combination of injected activity and peptide molar amount. The aim of this work was to develop a clinically applicable algorithm for treatment planning in PRRT. To demonstrate the applicability and possible advantages of the algorithm thus developed, an in silico clinical trial applying the algorithm to 177Lu‐DOTATATE therapy in nine virtual patients was conducted.MethodsAn algorithm for treatment planning in PRRT was developed, which simultaneously considers multiple tumor lesions, maximum tolerated biologically effective doses (BEDs) for multiple organs at risk (OARs) and a maximum achievable molar activity. The algorithm, subject to the abovementioned constraints, aims at maximizing the total number of killed tumor cells in the considered lesions/metastases.An in silico clinical trial was conducted with nine virtual patients. For each virtual patient, simulations increasing the molar dose of 177Lu‐DOTATATE from 2 to 2048 nmol by factors of were performed. Maximum tolerated BEDs per cycle for the kidneys (10 Gy2.5) and for the RM (0.5 Gy15) were defined based on a planned total treatment of four cycles. A maximum achievable molar activity of 420 MBq/nmol was assumed. Optimal combinations of molar dose and activity were determined by applying the developed algorithm. For comparison, simulations for a typical plan with 177Lu‐DOTATATE (7.4 GBq, 265 nmol) were performed and BEDs for the OARs and for individual tumor lesions were calculated. Furthermore, to determine treatment efficacy, overall tumor control probability (oTCP) values after a four‐cycle treatment were estimated for the optimal and typical plans.ResultsThe conducted in silico clinical trial yielded optimal molar doses and activities ranging from 24 to 512 nmol and from 6 to 30 GBq, respectively. Tumor BEDs ranged from 2 to 107 Gy10 and from 1 to 65 Gy10 for the optimal and typical plans, respectively. The estimated oTCP values showed that the optimal plans may produce adequate tumor control in six of the nine virtual patients after four cycles of 177Lu‐DOTATATE while the typical plan may be sufficient in only two virtual patients.ConclusionsThe algorithm presented can derive plans with higher tumor control than the typically delivered plan. Therefore, we propose this algorithm for clinical validation and possibly future implementation in treatment planning in molecular radiotherapy.
Comparison of fixed versus traditional weight‐based dosing of rasburicase in a pediatric population
Authors: Savva Dimitrios A. , Herrera Nicole , Rohatgi Radha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend rasburicase for the treatment of pediatric patients with hyperuricemia at risk of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) using a weight‐based dose of 0.1–0.2 mg/kg once daily for 1–7 days. However, there has been a trend in practice due to recent data showing benefit using a fixed‐dose approach. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety between fixed and weight‐based dosing of rasburicase in a pediatric population.ProcedureThis was a retrospective chart review of 48 patients from January 1, 2007 to August 31, 2016 at Children's National Health System. Patients less than 18 years old with a documented diagnosis of a malignancy and baseline uric acid level were included; patients less than 30 kg at the time of rasburicase administration were excluded.ResultsThe primary endpoint of this study was the treatment success of normalization of uric acid level (<5 mg/dl) within 24 hr of rasburicase administration. Eighty‐three percent of patients had success with normalization of uric acid post rasburicase dose. Eighty‐five percent of patients had success in the weight‐based group compared to eighty‐one percent in the fixed‐dose group (P = 0.715). Mean percent reduction of uric acid at 24 hr was relatively similar between both groups (94% vs. 89%).ConclusionOur results suggest that a fixed‐dose strategy of rasburicase is both safe and effective in reducing uric acid levels in the pediatric patient population. A fixed dose of rasburicase 6 mg is a cost‐effective treatment option for TLS.
A Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Every 8‐Hour and 12‐Hour Dosing Strategies of Vancomycin and Cefepime in Neurocritically ill Patients
Authors: Kassel Lynn E. , Van Matre Edward T. , Foster Charles J. , Fish Douglas N. , Mueller Scott W. , Sherman Deb S. , Wempe Michael F. , MacLaren Robert , Neumann Robert T. , Kiser Tyree H. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeNeurocritically ill patients have clinically significant alterations in pharmacokinetic parameters of renally eliminated medications that may result in subtherapeutic plasma and cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic concentrations.MethodsWe conducted a prospective randomized open‐label study of adult neurocritically ill patients treated with vancomycin and cefepime. Vancomycin 15 mg/kg and cefepime 2 g were dosed at every‐8‐ or 12‐hour intervals. The primary outcomes were the achievement of pharmacodynamic (PD) targets related to time of unbound drug above minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for 60% or more of the dosing interval (fT > MIC ≥ 60%) for β‐lactams and ratio of 24‐hour area under the curve (AUC):MIC of 400 or greater for vancomycin.ResultsTwenty patients were included in the study. They were divided equally between the every‐12‐hour and every‐8‐hour dosing groups. Patients (mean age 51.8 ± 11 yrs) were primarily male (60%) and white (95%), and most had an admission diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (80%). Compared with the every‐12‐hour group, the every‐8‐hour vancomycin group achieved target trough concentrations (higher than 15 μg/ml) significantly more frequently at initial measurement (0% vs 80%, p<0.01) and at 7–10 days (0% vs 90%, p=0.045) and achieved PD targets more frequently at increasing MICs. Similarly, compared with every‐12‐hour dosing, the every‐8‐hour cefepime dosing strategy significantly increased PD target attainment (fT > MIC ≥ 60%) at an MIC of 8 μg/ml (20% vs 70%, p=0.02).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that more frequent dosing of vancomycin and cefepime is required to achieve optimal PD targets in adult neurocritically ill patients. The need for increased total daily doses is potentially secondary to the development of augmented renal clearance.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors: Potential role in the respiratory distress of neonates
Authors: Mokra Daniela , Mokry Juraj , Matasova Katarina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds of 3′,5′ cyclic adenosine and guanosine monophosphate (cAMP and cGMP). PDEs control hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides in many cells and tissues. Inhibition of PDEs by selective or nonselective PDE inhibitors represents an effective targeted strategy for the treatment of various diseases including respiratory disorders. Recent data have demonstrated that PDE inhibitors can also be of benefit in respiratory distress in neonates. This article outlines the pharmacological properties of nonselective and selective PDE inhibitors and provides up‐to‐date information regarding their use in experimental models of neonatal respiratory distress as well as in clinical studies.
High‐Efficiency Pure‐Color Inorganic Halide Perovskite Emitters for Ultrahigh‐Definition Displays: Progress for Backlighting Displays and Electrically Driven Devices
Authors: Zhang Fengjuan , Song Jizhong , Han Boning , Fang Tao , Li Jinhang , Zeng Haibo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAll‐inorganic halide perovskites (IHPs) are ideal candidates for optoelectronic devices with outstanding emission color saturation, well‐tunable optical bandgap, near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY), and excellent solution processability. They appear to be promising materials for next‐generation high‐efficiency, wide‐color‐gamut, and flexible ultrahigh‐definition (UHD) displays through the backlighting in liquid‐crystal displays and electroluminescent devices. Here, the optical superiority of IHP materials for UHD displays is analyzed and summarized. In addition, recent progress regarding displays containing backlighting, and electroluminescent devices based on IHPs with different dimensions is introduced. Furthermore, a brief outlook is also provided, which identifies the current existing main problems, corresponding possible solutions, and a vision for the future.
My Twenty Years in Microwave Chemistry: From Kitchen Ovens to Microwaves that aren't Microwaves
Authors: Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis Personal Account describes the author's involvement in the field of microwave‐assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) from the late 1990’s starting out with kitchen microwave ovens right through to the development of a reactor in 2016 that – although not using microwave technology – in many ways mimics the performance of a modern laboratory microwave. The reader is taken along a journey that has spanned two decades of intense research on various aspects of microwave chemistry, and, at the same time, was intimately linked to key innovations regarding equipment design and development. A “behind the scenes” approach is taken in this article to share – from a very personal point of view – how specific projects and research ideas were conceived and developed in my research group, and how in general the field of microwave chemistry has progressed in the last two decades.
Accelerating MCMC algorithms
Authors: Robert Christian P. , Elvira Víctor , Tawn Nick , Wu Changye 
Published: June 2018

Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms are used to simulate from complex statistical distributions by way of a local exploration of these distributions. This local feature avoids heavy requests on understanding the nature of the target, but it also potentially induces a lengthy exploration of this target, with a requirement on the number of simulations that grows with the dimension of the problem and with the complexity of the data behind it. Several techniques are available toward accelerating the convergence of these Monte Carlo algorithms, either at the exploration level (as in tempering, Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and partly deterministic methods) or at the exploitation level (with Rao–Blackwellization and scalable methods).This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)Algorithms and Computational Methods > AlgorithmsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Monte Carlo Methods
Massive and massless spin-2 scattering and asymptotic superluminality
Authors: Bonifacio James , Hinterbichler Kurt , Joyce Austin , Rosen Rachel A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe constrain theories of a massive spin-2 particle coupled to a massless spin-2 particle by demanding the absence of a time advance in eikonal scattering. This is anS-matrix consideration that leads to model-independent constraints on the cubic vertices present in the theory. Of the possible cubic vertices for the two spin-2 particles, the requirement of subluminality leaves a particular linear combination of cubic vertices of the Einstein-Hilbert type. Either the cubic vertices must appear in this combination or new physics must enter at a scale parametrically the same as the mass of the massive spin-2 field, modulo some standard caveats. These conclusions imply that there is a one-parameter family of ghost-free bimetric theories of gravity that are consistent with subluminal scattering. When both particles couple to additional matter, subluminality places additional constraints on the matter couplings. We additionally reproduce these constraints by considering classical scattering off of a shockwave background in the ghost-free bimetric theory.
Improvement of Ni phytoextraction by Alyssum murale and its rhizosphere microbial activities by applying nitrogen fertilizer
Authors: Kanso Ali , Azoury Sabine , Benizri Emile , Kobaissi Ahmad , Echevarria Guillaume , Sirguey Catherine 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhytoextraction represents an innovative approach in the management of nickel (Ni) rich soils whether natural (ultramafic) or anthropogenic (contaminated sites). However, its success depends both on the production of a high plant biomass and the ability of plants to accumulate metals. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer can improve the biological and chemical soil fertility and thus agricultural yields. Moreover, soil microorganisms play a key role by influencing nutrient flows, which are the main limiting factors of plant growth in degraded soils. In this work, we investigated the effects of two levels of both Ni and mineral N soil applications on the microbial activities and Ni phytoextraction efficiency by Alyssum murale growing in a pot experiment during 5 months. Plant growth, nutrients and Ni uptake, soil microbial populations and their enzymatic activities involved in the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and sulfur (urease, alkaline phosphatase, β‐glucosidase and arylsulfatase, respectively) were determined. The results showed that plant dry mass was unsurprisingly not affected when the soil Ni concentration was increased. However, it led to an increase of the amount of Ni extracted per pot. A negative effect of Ni addition was observed on both total bacteria and urease activity, without any effect on other enzymes. On the contrary, N fertilizer played a significant positive role by promoting both plant growth and Ni phytoextraction, partly as a result of the stimulation and flourishing of bacterial populations.
Rosai-Dorfman disease masquerading as Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Yousef Yacoub A. , Al-Hussaini Maysa , Nazzal Rashed , Abdeen Ghadeer , Alnawaiseh Ibrahim , Alrawashdeh Khaleel 
Published: June 2018

Objective/Background:
Intra ocular Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an extremely rare disease. We are reporting the first case of RDD presenting as ciliary body mass mimicking ciliary body melanoma, and we are reviewing the English literature reporting on cases of RDD presented with intraocular disease.

Methods:
An 18-year-old lady presented with loss of vision in the right eye, and was found to have intraocular mass lesion. She was diagnosed clinically and radiologically as a case of ciliary body melanoma associated with total retinal detachment.

Results:
Histopathological sections and stains proved to be intraocular RDD. Review of the literature revealed three cases of intraocular RDD; two of them had choroid thickening associated with serous retinal detachment, and one presented with intraocular mass mimicking choroid melanoma. Two of the three cases were enucleated. Our case is the first case in English literature of intraocular ciliary body RDD, mimicking ciliary body melanoma.

Conclusion:
RDD can present as an intraocular mass that mimics ciliary body melanoma. This case emphasizes the importance of diagnostic biopsy before considering the final therapy in unclear cases, mainly when associated with unusual systemic features like lymphadenopathy.
Early functional improvement after stroke correlates with cardiovascular fitness
Authors: Chen Chun‐Kai , Huang Mao‐Hsiung , Liang Wen‐Lung , Lin Ruey‐Tay , Juo Suh‐Hang H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCardiovascular fitness exerts directly beneficial effects on functional and cognitive outcomes in patients of chronic stroke. However, the effect of early rehabilitation on cardiovascular function has not yet been thoroughly examined. We tested whether complementary rehabilitation program could influence cardiovascular fitness in an early stage of stroke patients. The associations for post‐acute stroke functional recovery with cardiovascular fitness were explored. Thirty‐seven patients with mean poststroke interval of 8.6 ± 3.8 days underwent inpatient rehabilitation of 22.8 ± 3.8 days. Functional outcomes of 15.3 points (17.2%) in functional independence measure improved after rehabilitation program. The therapeutic cardiovascular fitness was determined in ramp exercise test on a cycling ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake (O2peak) significantly increased by 24.8% after early stroke rehabilitation. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess for associations of functional improvement with respect to change in O2peak and extremities motor impairment. O2peak gain accounted for more functional recovery than extremities motor improvement (R2 = 0.42). In conclusion, these results suggest that cardiovascular fitness appears to increase after complementary program in early stroke rehabilitation, and better cardiovascular fitness may be associated with greater functional improvement.
Psychometric Properties of the Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind	Wandering Scales
Authors: Marcusson-Clavertz David , Kjell Oscar N. E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Thinking about task-unrelated matters (mind wandering) is related to cognition and well-being. However, the relations between mind wandering and other psychological variables may depend on whether the former commence spontaneously or deliberately. The current two studies investigated the psychometric properties of the Spontaneous and Deliberate Mind Wandering Scales (SDMWS; Carriere, Seli, & Smilek, 2013 ). Study 1 evaluated the stability of the scales over 2 weeks ( N = 284 at Time 1), whereas Study 2 ( N = 323) evaluated their relations to Generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, Openness, Social desirability, and experience-sampling reports of intentional and unintentional mind wandering during an online cognitive task. The results indicated that the SDMWS were better fitted with a two-factor than a one-factor solution, although the fit was improved with the exclusion of one item. The scales exhibited strong measurement invariance across gender and time, and moderately high test-retest reliability. Spontaneous mind wandering predicted Generalized anxiety disorder and experience-sampling reports of unintentional mind wandering, whereas Deliberate mind wandering predicted Openness and experience-sampling reports of intentional mind wandering. Furthermore, Spontaneous mind wandering showed a negative association with social desirability of weak-to-medium strength. In sum, the scales generally showed favorable psychometric properties.
High‐Frequency Sensor Data Reveal Across‐Scale Nitrate Dynamics in Response to Hydrology and Biogeochemistry in Intensively Managed Agricultural Basins
Authors: Hansen Amy , Singh Arvind 
Published: June 2018

AbstractExcess nitrate in rivers draining intensively managed agricultural watersheds has caused coastal hypoxic zones, harmful algal blooms, and degraded drinking water. Hydrology and biogeochemical transformations influence nitrate concentrations by changing nitrate supply, removal, and transport. For the Midwest Unites States, where much of the land is used for corn and soybean production, a better understanding of the response of nitrate to hydrology and biogeochemistry is vital in the face of high nitrate concentrations coupled with projected increases of precipitation frequency and magnitude. In this study, we capitalized on the availability of spatially and temporally extensive sensor data in the region to evaluate how nitrate concentration (NO3−) interacts with discharge (Q) and water temperature (T) within eight watersheds in Iowa, United States, by evaluating land use characteristics and multiscale temporal behavior from 5‐year, high‐frequency, time series records. We show that power spectral density of Q, NO3−, and T, all exhibit power law behavior with slopes greater than 2, implying temporal self‐similarity for a range of scales. NO3− was strongly cross correlated with Q for all sites and correlation increased significantly with drainage area across sites. Peak NO3− increased significantly with crop coverage across watersheds. Temporal offsets in peak NO3− and peak Q, seen at all study sites, reduced the impact of extreme events. This study illustrates a relatively new approach to evaluating environmental sensor data and revealed characteristics of watersheds in which extreme discharge events have the greatest consequences.
Influences of Topographic Shadows on the Thermal and Hydrological Processes in a Cold Region Mountainous Watershed in Northwest China
Authors: Zhang Y. L. , Li X. , Cheng G. D. , Jin H. J. , Yang D. W. , Flerchinger G. N. , Chang X. L. , Wang X. , Liang J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe solar radiation incident in a mountainous area with a complex terrain has a strong spatial heterogeneity due to the variations in slope orientation (self‐shading) and shadows cast by surrounding topography agents (topographic shading). Although slope self‐shading has been well studied and considered in most land surface and hydrological models, topographic shading is usually ignored, and its influence on the thermal and hydrological processes in a cold mountainous area remains unclear. In this study, a topographic solar radiation algorithm with consideration for both slope self‐shading and topographic shadows has been implemented and incorporated into a distributed hydrological model with physically based descriptions for the energy balance. A promising model performance was achieved according to a vigorous evaluation. In a control model without considering the topographic shadows, the simulated solar radiation incident in the study area was about 14.3 W/m2 higher on average, which in turn led to a higher simulated annual mean ground temperature at 4 m (by 0.41 °C) and evapotranspiration (by 16.1 mm/a), and a smaller permafrost extent (reduced by about 8%), as well as smaller maximal snow depth and shorter snow duration. Although the simulation was not significantly improved for discharge hydrograph in the base model, higher river runoff peaks and an increased runoff depth were obtained. In areas with a rugged terrain and deep valleys, the influences of topographic shadows would even be stronger in reality than the presented results, which cannot be ignored in the simulation of the thermal and hydrological processes, especially in a refined model.