bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSII-4 Effect of urea and distillers inclusion in dry rolled corn based diets on heifer performance and carcass characteristics
Authors: Boyd Bradley M , Hales Kristin E , Erickson Galen E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Crossbred heifers (n = 96) were utilized to study the effects of increasing wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) and urea inclusion in a dry rolled corn (DRC) based finishing diet on performance and carcass characteristics. Heifers were individually fed using a calan gate system with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Orts were collected once a week and analyzed for dry matter (DM) content and used to correct DM intake (DMI). Factors included WDGS inclusion at either 10 or 20% of diet DM and urea inclusion at either 0 or 1.2% of diet DM. Cattle were stratified by body weight (BW) and assigned randomly to treatment. Blood samples were taken at 3 points during the feeding period and analyzed for blood urea nitrogen content. The model included urea and WDGS inclusions and their interactions as fixed effects. There were no interactions (P > 0.08) between WDGS and urea inclusion for any performance or carcass characteristics so only main effects are discussed. There was no difference for initial BW, final BW, ADG, and G:F on a live or carcass adjusted basis (P > 0.26) for either urea or distillers inclusion in the diet. Dry matter intake was reduced (P = 0.03) with increased urea inclusion; however, WDGS inclusion did not influence DMI (P = 0.29). No difference (P > 0.10) was detected for urea or WDGS inclusion for any carcass characteristics. Blood urea nitrogen was greater (P < 0.01) for cattle fed increasing levels of both urea and WDGS. Added distillers and urea in the diet had minimal impact on performance or carcass characteristic suggesting supplemental urea in a DRC-based finishing diets is of minimal benefit when feeding at least 10% WDGS.
PSII-22 Impact of stocking density and number of pigs per feeder space with wet/dry feeders: an economic analysis
Authors: Garcia Ricardo M , Garbossa Cesar A P , Wastell Marvin E , Schinckel Allan P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the economically most profitable stocking density (SDEN) and the number of pigs per feeder space (PF) with a Crystal Springs wet/dry single-space double-sided feeder model F1-115. Data from a trial was used to model the optimal value. The initial trial included 3182 pigs from three consecutive grow-finish groups. The experimental treatments were designed as a two by three factorial (SDEN of 0.65 or 0.78 m2/pig with PF of 10, 13, or 16). Each pen was equipped with one double-sided wet/dry feeder, 37.5 cm wide, with one nipple drinker. Pigs with less floor space allowance had reduced ADG (1.00 versus 1.02 kg/d, P = 0.002) with improved G:F (0.402 versus 0.397, P = 0.039). Overall, ADG had a quadratic relationship (P = 0.005) with PF with means of 1.03, 1.01, and 1.01 kg/d for 10, 13, and 16 respectively. The G:F had a quadratic relationship (P = 0.005) with the number of pigs PF with means of 0.395, 0.404, and 0.400 for 10, 13, and 16 respectively. The G:F and ADG data were fitted to a regression equation including SDEN (linear) and PF (linear –quadratic). A pork production cost model was used to evaluate the impact of a range of SDEN (0.65 to 0.758 m2/pig) and PF (10 to 16) on annual profit of a grow-finish barn including feeder cost. Annual profit for a 1200 head grow-finisher was fitted to linear and quadratic regression of SDEN and PF (R2= 0.999). The optimal SDEN was 0.65 m2 per pig and 13 to 14 (13.26) PF. The differences between the maximum and the minimum net income year values for PF and PF were $4055 and $21667 USD respectively. Stocking density had a greater impact than the number of pigs per feeder space.
PSII-20 Effect of mixing of extended boar semen using a bulk semen delivery system after 2 and 5 days in storage
Authors: Mills Kayla M , Steckler Tabitha , Bock Megan , Minton Amanda M , Terlouw Steve , Stewart Kara R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
With the increase in utilization of bulk semen delivery systems, the objective of this study was to determine whether differences in semen quality exist from mixing stored bulk semen. Semen with motility and normal morphology >75% were used to create 4, 70-dose and 4, 35-dose bulk semen bags. Semen was cooled and transported 235 miles. On d2 or d5, a bag was mixed and hung for 15 min. Doses were removed every 2 minutes. One 70-dose (70M) and one 35-dose bag (35M) were mixed every 5th dose, while the remaining 70-dose (70NM) and 35-dose (35NM) bags were not mixed. Doses were weighed and analyzed for concentration using CASA and agglutination assessed. Every 5th dose was warmed and evaluated for motility. One milliliter of semen from the 5th dose was preserved and evaluated for sperm cell morphology. Doses averaged 0.04 ± 0.0001 x 109/mL cells in 31.5 ± 0.077 mL resulting in 1.26 billion sperm/dose. All bags averaged >80% motility on d2 and 69% on d5 with >90% normal morphology on both days. There were minor differences in concentration and normal morphology from variation in preparing bags, not associated with mixing. On d2, mixing had no significant effects on agglutination or motility (P > 0.05). Concentration differed between 35M and 35NM (0.0385 ± 0.0004 vs 0.0417 ± 0.0002 x 109/mL; P < 0.001), with no identifiable trend. On d5, mixing had no effects on concentration, normal morphology or agglutination (P > 0.05). Bag 70M had more distal droplets compared with 70NM (3.78 ± 0.31 vs 2.36 ± 0.34%; P = 0.023). There was a non-significant linear decrease in concentration in the 70NM and 35NM bags, where concentration decreased by 0.124 x109 cells. Mixing alleviated this reduction in the 35-dose bags and partially alleviated it in the 70-dose bags. These data demonstrate that mixing had minimal impact on semen quality and was able to mitigate the decrease in concentration in the 35-dose bag.
PSVI-7 Feedback optimization: an iterative, value-added approach in a beef cattle breeding simulation
Authors: Haag Maria , Le Tourneau Justin , Marra Rose , Lamberson William 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Understanding the systematic effects of genetic change is critical for any livestock producer. To help students learn about such changes we developed a beef cattle breeding simulation. This simulation features dynamic feedback designed to assist students in understanding their progress. Without feedback, students are often unable to make sense of their results which can inhibit their learning. The literature on feedback in simulations has shown varying effectiveness complexity levels, timing, and personalization. Oftentimes, this variation is associated with learner characteristics such as prior knowledge or gender. In our previous work, we determined that students did not always read feedback which reduces the likelihood of misconception reversal. Therefore, the aim of our current work was to identify feedback designs that ensure students are engaging with the material. To do this we designed two types of feedback: Static and Interactive. In Static feedback, students were simply shown the feedback and could click through—like the previous version. In Interactive feedback, students were required to answer a question regarding the feedback. We then assigned 242 students from 10 universities to one feedback type at random. We found that students in low and moderate performance groups using Interactive feedback showed higher (P = 0.06) posttest scores than those using Static feedback. No difference was observed in high performers which was expected according to the literature. This study demonstrated that feedback effectiveness is dependent on learner characteristics such as performance level. Thereby, developing feedback that is tailored to the student delivers a more personalized learning experience which can improve learning.
Genotype by environment interactions for performance and thermoregulation responses in growing pigs1,2
Authors: Gourdine Jean-Luc , Riquet Juliette , Rosé Roseline , Poullet Nausicaa , Giorgi Mario , Billon Yvon , Renaudeau David , Gilbert Hélène 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHeat stress affects pig health, welfare, and production, and thus the economic viability of the pig sector in many countries. Breeding for heat tolerance is a complex issue, increasingly important due to climate change and the development of pig production in tropical areas. Characterizing genetic determinism of heat tolerance would help building selection schemes dedicated to high performance in tropical areas. The main objective of our study was to estimate the genetic parameters for production and thermoregulation traits in two highly related growing pig populations reared in temperate (TEMP) or tropical humid (TROP) environment. Pigs came from a backcross population between Large White (LW, heat sensitive) and Creole (CR, heat tolerant) pigs. Phenotypic data were obtained on a total of 1,297 pigs using the same procedures in both environments, for body weight (BW, at weeks 11 and 23), daily feed intake (ADFI), backfat thickness (BFT, at weeks 19 and 23), cutaneous temperature (CT, at weeks 19 and 23), and rectal temperature (RT, at weeks 19, 21, and 23). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI) were computed for the whole test period (11 to 23 wk). Criteria comparing the fits to the data revealed genotype × environment (G × E) interactions for most traits but not for FCR. The variance components were obtained using two different methods, a restricted maximum likelihood method and a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method, considering that traits are either similar or different in each environment. Regardless of the method, heritability estimates for production traits were moderate to high, except for FCR (lower than 0.18). Heritability estimates for RT were low to moderate, ranging from 0.04 to 0.34. The genetic correlations of each trait between environments generally differed from 1, except for FCR and ADG. For most thermoregulation traits, they also did not differ significantly from zero, suggesting that the main genetic bases of heat tolerance may vary in different environment. Within environments, the unfavorable genetic correlations between production traits and RT suggest an antagonism between the ability to maintain inner temperature and the ability to increase ADFI and ADG. However, greater RT were also associated to leaner pigs and better feed efficiency. Nevertheless, due to large inaccuracies of these estimations, larger cohorts would be needed to decide about the best breeding schemes to choose for tropical pig production.
Epidemiology, tumor characteristics and survival in patients with angiosarcoma in the United States: a population-based study of 4537 cases
Authors: Zhang Chao , Xu Guijun , Liu Zheng , Xu Yao , Lin Feng , Baklaushev Vladimir P , Chekhonin Vladimir P , Peltzer Karl , Mao Min , Wang Xin , Wang Guowen , Zhang Chao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
Limited by sample size, angiosarcoma was rarely studied. We aimed to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of angiosarcoma in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database.

Methods
Patients who were diagnosed with primary angiosarcoma from 1973 to 2014 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate the overall survival, and the difference between groups was tested by the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were employed to identify prognostic factors for primary angiosarcoma.

Results
A total of 4537 patients with angiosarcoma were included with the median age of 69 years. The median overall survival was 82.1 (95% confidence interval: 76.5–87.7) months. Overall 1-, 2- and 5-year survival rates were 55.2 ± 0.7, 41.0 ± 0.7 and 26.3 ± 0.7%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, age, gender, marital status, race, primary site, tumor grade, tumor size, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results historic stage and the surgery of primary site were significantly associated with overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression showed that factors including the patients older than 69 years, male, unmarried status, other primary sites, grades (III and IV), tumor size ≥ 5 cm, regional and distant stage and non-surgery were independently associated with poor survival. The results were consistent after excluding the patients in IV stages.

Conclusions
This large population-based study comprehensively described the survival rate and prognostic factors for angiosarcoma in the United States. Age, gender, marital status, primary sites, tumor grade and size and historic stage were determinants of survival, and surgery can improve the prognosis of patients with angiosarcoma.
Comparison of radiotherapy infrastructure between Korea and Japan
Authors: Huh Seung Jae , Nishimura Tetsuo , Park Won , Nakamura Katsumasa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Patterns of cancer incidence and radiotherapy use are similar in Korea and Japan, with differences in radiotherapy infrastructure.

Methods
The authors surveyed the megavoltage machines in 91 radiotherapy centers in Korea and published data in Japan. The number of megavoltage machines per center was used as an indicator of the fragmentation of radiotherapy services using four as the threshold, and the number of megavoltage machines per million people was compared. The practice pattern of intensity-modulated radiation therapy was analyzed.

Results
There were 91 centers in Korea and 825 in Japan. The number of megavoltage machines per center was 1.3 in Japan and 2.3 in Korea. Radiotherapy infrastructure showed fragmentation in Korea and hyperfragmentation in Japan. In Japan, 75% of radiotherapy centers operated with one megavoltage machine, whereas in Korea, 47% megavoltage machines per center was 3.2 in Seoul, while that in the non-capital area was 1.8, constituting a mixed pattern of centralization and fragmentation. In Japan, megavoltage machines per center in Tokyo, Kanagawa and Osaka, was 1.5, 1.3 and 1.2, respectively, indicating no concentration in the metropolis. The number of megavoltage machines per million in Korea was 4.0, whereas that in Seoul was 8.7, constituting capital concentration. In Japan, the number of megavoltage machines per million was 8.7, whereas in Tokyo, Kanagawa and Osaka, it was is 9.3, 6.3 and 9.0, showing uniform distribution. intensity-modulated radiation therapy utilization is increasing, accounting for 15% and 23% of radiotherapy patients in Japan and Korea, respectively.

Conclusions
The fragmentation of radiotherapy services in Korea and Japan might affect radiotherapy quality.
Children Listening to Music or Watching Cartoons During ER Procedures: A RCT
Authors: van der Heijden Marianne J E , Mevius Hiske , van der Heijde Nicky , van Rosmalen Joost , van As Sebastian , van Dijk Monique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to determine if listening to music and watching cartoons are effective to distract children from pain and distress during procedures in the emergency room (ER).MethodsThis study is a single-center, 3-armed, superiority randomized controlled trial comparing listening to music, watching cartoons, and standard care during ER procedures in children aged 3–13 years. The primary outcome was pain measured from video footage with the Alder Hey Triage Pain Score (AHTPS). Children older than 4 years self-reported pain with the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R). The secondary outcome was distress measured with the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress-revised (OSBD-r). Another indicator of distress was heart rate.ResultsData of 191 participants were analyzed for the 3 groups: music (n = 75), cartoon (n = 62), and control (n = 54). The median age was 7.3 years (4.9–9.7). In multivariable analysis, pain assessed with the AHTPS was significantly lower (B = −1.173, 95% confidence interval −1.953, −0.394, p = .003) in the music group than in the control groups. Across the 3 groups, 108 children self-reported pain with the FPS-R after the procedure. The scores were lowest in the music group, but the differences between groups were not significant (p = .077). OSBD-r distress scores assigned during the procedures were not significantly different between the 3 groups (p = .55). Heart rate directly after the procedure was not statistically significantly different between the 3 groups (p = .83).ConclusionsListening to recorded music is a beneficial distraction for children experiencing pain during ER procedures, whereas watching cartoons did not seem to reduce pain or distress.
Observational limits on the X-ray emission from the bubble nebula surrounding Ho IX X-1
Authors: Sathyaprakash Rajath , Roberts Timothy P , Siwek Magdalena M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Optical and radio observations of shock-ionized bubble nebulae surrounding ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) suggest that they are powered by jets or supercritical outflows presumably launched from the ULX accretion disc. Recent simulations of these systems have shown that the shocked wind can emit thermal X-rays with estimated luminosities ≲1036 erg s−1. In this work, we investigated whether it is possible to detect and spatially resolve the X-ray emission from these systems using archival Chandra observations of the ULX Holmberg IX X-1 (Ho IX X-1). This source is an ideal target to study for two reasons: it is surrounded by an optical bubble nebula with a large spatial extent (∼400 pc) that can easily be resolved with Chandra. Further, it has a hard X-ray continuum that is easily distinguishable from the expected soft thermal emission from the nebula. However, a spectral and photometric analysis on stacked Chandra observations of the source reveals that there is no strong evidence for an X-ray bubble associated with it, to a limiting luminosity of ∼2 × 1036 erg s−1. The detection of such X-ray nebulae may be possible with future X-ray missions such as Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics(ATHENA), which would provide useful constraints on the kinematics of the outflow. Finally, our observations also emphasize that the nebular emission does not contribute significantly to the residuals in the X-ray spectrum of the source, which are more likely to be linked to processes localized to the ULX.
Democracy, Public Administration, and Public Values in an Era of Estrangement
Authors: Ventriss Curtis , Perry James L , Nabatchi Tina , Milward H Brinton , Johnston Jocelyn M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis essay responds to the prevailing political environment of estrangement that can be seen in the growing distrust of public institutions, intensifying levels of political polarization, and rising support for populism, particularly in the United States. These trends have contributed to a diminished sense of publicness in public administration, including an erosion of public values and political legitimacy, and an increasingly cynical view of the value, role, and purpose of public service in the modern polity. We argue that public administration must respond actively to this estrangement and seek to repair and strengthen the links between democracy, public administration, and public values through scholarship, connections to practice and the public, and education.
Measures of Clinical Meaningfulness and Important Differences
Authors: Collins John P 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Measures of clinical significance have been in use for several decades as a means of interpreting clinical findings and patient-reported outcomes. The most common of these measures is the minimal clinically important difference. With the rise in popularity of measurements of clinical significance, several common misconceptions have arisen that may impact their interpretation and application to clinical practice. The purpose of this article is to present a schema for understanding measurement of clinical significance and use this to highlight the reasons why misuse and misinterpretation have occurred. A new measure of clinical significance is then defined that is intended to be resistant to these issues.
Clinical significance has long been a topic of importance to researchers looking to make their findings interpretable and has been quantified in diverse ways.1 Recently, there has been rapidly increasing interest in and use of an assortment of minimal (clinically) important difference measures. The range of their use is illustrated by the publications of reviews and meta-analyses in pain relief,2 cognitive interventions for dementia,3 and CT densitometry for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.4
Consensus has not been reached for how clinical significance should be defined. Despite this, current methods fall into 2 distinct approaches. The first estimates measurement error levels, and the other quantifies the ability of the instrument to predict clinical outcomes of interest. The conceptual differences between the 2 approaches have not been clearly delineated in the literature. Further, additional conceptual and practical issues exist for measures using the second approach because it has not previously been framed as a clinical prediction problem.
It is the aim of this paper to develop a framework to guide researchers in the use of clinical importance measures and to introduce a new methodology for predicting clinically meaningful change. We first propose 2 types of clinical significance measures relating to what we call the Detection and Clinical Prediction Problems. Next, we discuss weaknesses of existing measures of clinical prediction within this unifying framework. Finally, we define a new measure of clinical significance using predictive values and demonstrate its use with simulated data.
Meeting Lydgate’s Ghost: Building Medieval History in Seventeenth-Century England
Authors: Ensley Mimi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article examines a manuscript poem composed by the seventeenth-century author John Lane. Writing in what is now London, British Library, Harley MS 5243, Lane revives the medieval poet John Lydgate in order to re-tell the story of Guy of Warwick, famous from medieval romance. In Lane’s poem, Lydgate returns from beyond the grave to proclaim the historicity of Guy’s legend and simultaneously preserve his own reputation as a chronicler of English history. While some scholars suggest that Lydgate’s popularity declined in the post-Reformation period due to his reputation as the ‘Monk of Bury’, and while it is true that significantly fewer editions of Lydgate’s poems were published in the decades after the Reformation, Lane’s poem offers another window into Lydgate’s early modern reputation. I argue that Lane’s historiographic technique in his Guy of Warwick narrative mirrors Lydgate’s own poetic histories. Both Lane and Lydgate grapple with existing historical resources and compose their narratives by compiling the accreted traditions of the past, supplementing these traditions with documentary sources and artefacts. This article, thus, complicates existing scholarly narratives that align Lydgate with medieval or monastic traditions, traditions perceived to be irrecoverably transformed by the events of the Reformation in England.