bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histologic Healing Rates of Medical Therapies for Ulcerative Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Battat Robert , Duijvestein Marjolijn , Guizzetti Leonardo , Choudhary Daksh , Boland Brigid S. , Dulai Parambir S. , Parker Claire E. , Nguyen Tran M. , Singh Siddharth , Vande Casteele Niels , Pai Rish K. , Feagan Brian G. , Sandborn William J. , Jairath Vipul 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Histologic remission is a potentially valuable means of assessing disease activity and treatment response in ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the efficacy of existing therapies to achieve this outcome is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of histologic outcomes in UC randomized controlled trials and examined the relationship between histologic and endoscopic outcomes.

METHODS:
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and the Cochrane IBD Register were searched for randomized controlled trials of aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressives, biologics, and small molecules. Histologic and endoscopic remission and response data were independently extracted and pooled using binomial–normal random-effect or fixed-effect models. Pooled efficacy estimates were calculated as risk ratios (RRs) using the Mantel–Haenszel method. Univariable and multivariable random-effect meta-regression models examined factors associated with histologic remission.

RESULTS:
Seventy-four studies (68 induction and 7 maintenance) were identified. Topical aminosalicylate enemas [37.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 29.0–46.3] and suppositories (44.9%, 95% CI, 28.9–62.3) had the highest induction of histologic remission rates. Aminosalicylate enemas (RR = 4.14, 95% CI, 2.35–7.31), aminosalicylate suppositories (RR = 3.94, 95% CI, 1.26–12.32), and budesonide multimatrix (RR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.08–1.99) had higher histologic remission rates than placebo. Data were lacking for biologics and immunosuppressives. The pooled histologic remission rate for placebo in induction studies was 10.4% (95% CI, 7.1–15.2). Histologic and endoscopic remission correlated strongly (r = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50–0.78). In multivariate analysis of placebo-arm data, less severe clinical disease activity and corticosteroid use were associated with higher histologic remission rates. Similarly, mild clinical disease activity was associated with higher histologic remission rates when active-arm data were analyzed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Histologic remission rates for current UC treatments ranged from 15.0% to 44.9% according to drug class and patient population with the highest rates observed for topical aminosalicylates. Placebo remission rates were low with relatively narrow CIs. These data provide benchmarks to inform future trial design. Histologic remission is a potential treatment target in clinical practice.
Increasing Trend in Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer in Asia: More Cancers in Men and More Rectal Cancers
Authors: Sung Joseph J.Y. , Chiu Han-Mo , Jung Kyu-Won , Jun Jae Kwan , Sekiguchi Masau , Matsuda Takahisa , Kyaw Moe H. 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:
The incidence of young-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) is reported to be increasing in the Western world. There are no population-based studies assessing the trend across Asia.

METHODS:
We performed a multinational cohort study involving four Asian countries/regions, namely Taiwan, Korea, Japan, and Hong Kong. The magnitude and direction of trend in the incidence of young-onset CRC (age < 50) were quantified using Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate average annual percentage change (AAPC).

RESULTS:
In Taiwan (1995–2014), incidence of young-onset CRC significantly increased in both men (colon cancer: 4.9–9.7 per 100,000; rectal cancer: 4.0–8.3 per 100,000) and women (colon cancer: 5.1–9.7 per 100,000; rectal cancer: 3.8–6.4 per 100,000). In Korea (1999–2014), incidence of young-onset CRC significantly increased in both men (colon cancer: 5.0–10.4 per 100,000; rectal cancer: 4.9–14.0 per 100,000) and women (colon cancer: 4.1–9.6 per 100,000; rectal cancer: 4.1–9.1 per 100,000). The most pronounced change was observed with male rectal cancer, increasing by 3.9% per year in Taiwan (AAPC + 3.9, 95% confidence interval + 3.3 to +4.5, P < 0.05) and 6.0% per year in Korea (AAPC +6.0, 95% confidence interval + 4.5 to +7.6, P < 0.05). Only a significant increase in rectal cancer was noted in Japan (male rectal cancer: 7.2–10.1 per 100,000, female rectal cancer 4.7–6.7 per 100,000) and Hong Kong (male rectal cancer: 4.4–7.0 per 100,000).

CONCLUSIONS:
Increasing trend in young-onset CRC is not limited to the Western world. This finding may have implications on screening program for CRC in these countries/regions.
Evolution of Endoscopic Bariatric Devices: From Development to Practice
Authors: Goyal Deepinder , Singh Vikesh K. , Amateau Stuart K. ,   the FDA-Related Matters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To familiarize medical providers with the Food and Drug Administration approval process for antiobesity devices and to provide a brief overview of current and promising endoscopy-based bariatric devices.

METHODS:
Literature review of published scholarly articles.

RESULTS:
There has been a rapid development of novel endoscopic bariatric therapies in recent years, resulting in the approval of multiple devices. Several promising endoscopic strategies are currently under investigation and review. The Food and Drug Administration has laid down an objective-tiered model to review antiobesity device applications.

DISCUSSION:
Endoscopic bariatric devices provide a new and promising paradigm in obesity management both as first-line therapy and as adjunctive treatment to medical and surgical strategies. Physicians who plan to offer endoscopic bariatric therapy in their practice need appropriate understanding of the regulatory processes involved in the development and approval of such devices.
Iterative learning control for trajectory tracking of a parallel Delta robot
Authors: Boudjedir Chems Eddine , Bouri Mohamed , Boukhetala Djamel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes an iterative learning controller (ILC) under the alignment condition for trajectory tracking of a parallel Delta robot, that performs various repetitive tasks for palletization. Motivated by the high cadence of our application that leads to significant coupling effects, where the traditional PD/PID fail to satisfy the requirements performances. A PD-type ILC is combined with a PD controller in order to enhance the performance through iterations during the whole operation interval. The traditional resetting condition is replaced by the practical alignment condition, then the convergence of the tracking error is derived based on the Lyapunov’s theory. We definitely point out that the position and velocity errors decrease as the number of iterations increases. Experiments are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Model-based routing in flexible manufacturing systems
Authors: Windmann Stefan , Balzereit Kaja , Niggemann Oliver 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a model-based routing approach for flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) with alternative routes for the work pieces is proposed. For each work piece, an individual task has to be accomplished, which consists of several processing steps. Each processing step can be executed on alternative working stations of the FMS. The proposed routing method employs a model of the conveying system to find energy efficient and fast routes for the respective work pieces. The conveying system model is based on a directed graph, where the individual conveyors are modeled as weighted edges. It can be straightforwardly applied to several types of FMS by adjusting the application-dependent parameters. Efficient computation of the fastest route through the conveying system is accomplished by means of dynamic programming, i. e., by integration of Dijkstra’s algorithm in a dynamic programming framework, which is based on the proposed conveying system model. Additional consideration of energy efficiency aspects leads to a Mixed Integer Quadratically Constraint Program (MIQCP), which is solved by substitution of Dijkstra’s algorithm by a branch and bound method. Experimental results for an application scenario, where the energy efficient routing method is applied to route work pieces between the working stations of an FMS, lead to 20 % reduction of energy consumption on average.
Rethinking agreement: Cognition-to-form mapping
Authors: Kibrik Andrej A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe prevailing assumption is that anResearch underlying this study was conducted with support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant #17-06-00460.agreement feature originates in one linguistic element, that is a controller, and is copied onto another one, a target. This form-to-form approach encounters massive difficulties when confronted with data, such as missing controllers or feature mismatches. A cognition-to-form mapping approach is proposed instead, suggesting that agreement features, such as person, number, and gender, are associated with referents in the cognitive representation. They serve to specify referents on either notional or conventional grounds, and are thus referential features. Referential features are mapped onto various sites in linguistic structure, including inflections. Parallel agreement between various sites is observed, as a side effect of mappings from the same cognitive source. Languages differ in which and how many sites for marking referential features they require. Analysis of Russian evidence suggests that the cognition-to-form mapping approach has a much greater explanatory force than the traditional form-to-form approach. There are only peripheral classes of instances in which form-to-form agreement may be needed as a supplementary factor. In general, the roots of agreement lie in cognitively motivated discourse processes associated with reference.
Critical Labour in Capital: A Reading of Marx’s Life in His Work
Authors: Victoriano Felipe 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This essay proposes a reading of Marx’s Capital that considers the correlation between life and labour, between material existence and productive activity, as essential to the book’s critical project. It argues that there is a critical and paradoxical moment in the plexus of this relationship that academic discourse should consider: if Capital argues that capitalism constitutes a system of organization of life, inscribing human labour as labour power, that is, as commodity or market goods, then how can we extract critical labour itself from this totalizing structure? In other words, what kind of labour is critical labour and what function should it represent in a world in which all labour would already be inscribed within the logic of capital? Drawing on biographical, anecdotic and circumstantial considerations about Marx’s labour while writing Capital, this essay traces the conditions of existence of the author and creates a reading position that explores the relationship between life and work, between Marx and Capital, and thus questions critical labour itself as a productive activity and the material life it contains.
Solutions to Neumann boundary value problems with a generalized 𝑝-Laplacian
Authors: Szymańska-Dȩbowska Katarzyna 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this work is to investigate the existence of solutions for various Neumann boundary value problems associated to the Laplacian-type operators. The main results are obtained using the extension of Mawhin’s continuation theorem.
Nodal promotes the malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells via activation of NF-κB/IL-6 signals
Authors: Xu Xiaohui , Zhou Xiaoyun , Gao Chao , Cao Lei , Zhang Ye , Hu Xue , Cui Yushang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for the malignancy of NSCLC cells is important for therapy and drug development. Nodal, an important embryonic morphogen, has been reported to modulate tumorigenesis. We found that Nodal can trigger the proliferation of NSCLC cells and decrease the sensitivity to doxorubicin (Dox) and cisplatin (CDDP) treatment. Targeted inhibition of Nodal can suppress the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Among the measured cytokines, Nodal can increase the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in NSCLC cells. Inhibition of IL-6, while not VEGFA, attenuated Nodal induced cell proliferation, suggesting the essential roles of IL-6 in Nodal induced malignancy of NSCLC cells. Nodal can trigger the phosphorylation, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activities of p65, the key signal transducer of NF-κB. This was due to the fact that Nodal can increase the phosphorylation of IKKβ/IκBα. The inhibitor of IKKβ abolished Nodal induced activation of p65 and expression of IL-6. Collectively, we found that Nodal can increase the proliferation and decrease chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells via regulation of NF-κB/IL-6 signals. It indicated that Nodal might be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
Integrated Power Flow Analysis with Large-scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Systems Employing N-R Method
Authors: Navada Girisha H , Shubhanga K. N. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A method is proposed to modify the conventional load flow programme to accommodate large-scale Solar PhotoVoltaics (SPV) power plant with series power specifications. The programme facilitates easy handling of any number of SPV systems with standard control strategies such as pf-control and voltage-control, considering solar inverter’s power constraints. In this method, the non-linear equations related to SPV systems, located at multiple locations, are solved with the main load flow equations in an integrated fashion, considerably reducing the implementation task. This task is achieved by augmenting the inverter buses to the existing power system network in such a way that the changes required in the conventional programme are minimal. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, it is compared with the alternate-iteration method popularly followed in the literature. The workability of the proposed method has been demonstrated by using a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system and the IEEE14-bus power system with SPV systems. Various test cases pertaining to meteorological variables and control strategies are also presented.
The roles of english varieties and L2 motivation in English learners’ willingness to communicate in the internationalization at home (IaH) context
Authors: Chen Yih-Lan , Cheng Hsing-Fu , Tang Hui-Wen , Wang Chaochang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo meet the challenges of internationalization, universities around the globe have implemented a variety of strategies, including study abroad, academic exchange, and cross-border collaboration. For any of these strategies, it was perhaps inevitable that English would become a crucial means of communication for both native and non-native speakers. The current study investigates the relationship between domestic college students’ perceptions of English varieties (PEV), L2 motivation, and willingness to communicate (WTC) in the internationalization at home (IaH) context. A model linking PEV, L2 motivation, and WTC was proposed. A total of 273 college students at a university in Taiwan responded to a questionnaire consisting of 16 items in four major categories. The results indicate that in the IaH context college students’ PEV significantly affects L2 motivation and only when learners are intrinsically motivated are they willing to communicate interculturally using English. The results suggest that promoting an appreciation for English varieties in the college context strengthens students’ intrinsic motivation to learn English, which may promote the students’ willingness to use English for communication.
Disaster Risk Analysis Part 2: The Systemic Underestimation of Risk
Authors: Mamuji Aaida A. , Etkin David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHow risk is defined, the nature of methodologies used to assess risk, and the degree to which rare events should be included in a disaster risk analysis, are important considerations when developing policies, programs and priorities to manage risk. Each of these factors can significantly affect risk estimation. In Part 1 of this paper [Etkin, D. A., A. A. Mamuji, and L. Clarke. 2018. “Disaster Risk Analysis Part 1: The Importance of Including Rare Events.”Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management.] we concluded that excluding rare events has the potential to seriously underestimate the cumulative risk from all possible events,For example, of the 100 most expensive weather disasters in the US, the single most expensive event accounts for 16% of total economic impacts. Similarly, the worst explosion disaster accounts for 17% of the fatalities of the total 100 worst events.though including them can be very challenging both from a methodological and data availability perspective. Underestimating risk can result in flawed disaster risk reduction policies, resulting in insufficient attention being devoted to mitigation and/or prevention. In Part 2, we survey various governmental emergency management policies and methodologies in order to evaluate varying equations used to define risk, and to assess potential biases within disaster risk analyses that do comparative risk ranking. We find (1) that the equations used to define risk used by emergency management organizations are frequently less robust than they should or are able to be, and (2) that methodologies used to assess risk are often inadequate to properly account for the potential contribution of rare events. We conclude that there is a systemic bias within many emergency management organizations that results in underestimation of risk.
Cauchy difference priors for edge-preserving Bayesian inversion
Authors: Markkanen Markku , Roininen Lassi , Huttunen Janne M. J. , Lasanen Sari 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We consider inverse problems in which the unknown target includes sharp edges, for example interfaces between
different materials.
Such problems are typical in image reconstruction, tomography, and other inverse problems algorithms.
A common solution for edge-preserving inversion is to use total variation (TV) priors.
However, as shown by Lassas and Siltanen 2004, TV-prior is
not discretization-invariant: the edge-preserving
property is lost when the computational mesh is made denser and denser.
In this paper we propose another class of priors for edge-preserving
Bayesian inversion, the Cauchy difference priors.
We construct Cauchy priors starting from continuous one-dimensional
Cauchy motion, and show that its
discretized version, Cauchy random walk, can be used as a
non-Gaussian prior for edge-preserving Bayesian inversion.
We generalize the methodology to two-dimensional Cauchy fields, and briefly consider a generalization of the Cauchy priors to Lévy α-stable random field priors.
We develop a suitable posterior distribution sampling algorithm for conditional mean estimates with single-component Metropolis–Hastings.
We apply the methodology to one-dimensional deconvolution and two-dimensional X-ray tomography problems.
On an inverse problem in photoacoustics
Authors: Belishev Mikhail I. , Langemann Dirk , Mikhaylov Alexander S. , Mikhaylov Victor S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We consider the problem of reconstruction of the Cauchy data for the wave equation in

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

and

ℝ
2

{\mathbb{R}^{2}}

by the measurements of its solution on the boundary of the unit ball.
An Integrated High-Speed Full Duplex Coherent OFDM-PON and Visible-Light Communication System
Authors: Kaur Simarpreet , Kumar Mahendra , Verma Ashu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We demonstrated a full duplex hybrid passive optical network and indoor optical wireless system employing coherent optical frequency division multiplexing. To accomplish reliable transmission in passive optical networks integrated visible-light communication (VLC), yellow light-emitting diode and infrared LED is used in downstream and upstream, respectively, for intra building network. In order to support high data rate, pulse-width reduction scheme based on dispersion compensation fiber is incorporated and system successfully covered the distance of 50 km. A data stream at the rate of 30 Gb/s is transmitted for each user out of eight users. VLC-supported users are catered with the bit rate of 1.87 Gb/s over 150 cm and in order to realize a low-cost system, visible and infrared LEDs are used in downlink and uplink, respectively.
Intercomparison of Warm-Rain Bulk Microphysics Schemes using Asymptotics
Authors: Rosemeier Juliane , Baumgartner Manuel , Spichtinger Peter 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Clouds are important components of the atmosphere. As it is usually not possible to treat them as ensembles of huge numbers of particles, parameterizations on the basis of averaged quantities (mass and/or number concentration) must be derived. Since no first-principles derivations of such averaged schemes are available today, many alternative approximating schemes of cloud processes exist. Most of these come in the form of nonlinear differential equations. It is unclear whether these different cloud schemes behave similarly under controlled local conditions, and much less so when they are embedded dynamically in a full atmospheric flow model. We use mathematical methods from the theory of dynamical systems and asymptotic analysis to compare two operational cloud schemes and one research scheme qualitatively in a simplified context in which the moist dynamics is reduced to a system of ODEs. It turns out that these schemes behave qualitatively differently on shorter time scales, whereas at least their long time behavior is similar under certain conditions. These results show that the quality of computational forecasts of moist atmospheric flows will generally depend strongly on the formulation of the cloud schemes used.
Is native-speakerism impacting the Dual Language Immersion teacher shortage?
Authors: Amanti Cathy 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Although Dual Language Immersion Education is growing in popularity in the United States, staffing these programs represents one of the greatest challenges for school administrators. Ironically, this is the case even for Spanish-English Dual Language Immersion programs despite the fact that the United States has the second highest number of Spanish speakers of any country in the world. What barriers hinder Spanish-English Dual Language Immersion schools from filling their teaching positions? This exploratory article suggests that native-speakerism may be part of the problem. Drawing on literature from the field of English Language Teaching, this article goes further to suggest that notions of who is the ideal Dual Language teacher, unless carefully considered, may exacerbate the linguistic marginalization of U.S.-born Latinxs, a group whose Spanish-speaking abilities are too often stigmatized.