bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probiotics Affect One‐Carbon Metabolites and Catecholamines in a Genetic Rat Model of Depression
Authors: Tillmann Sandra , Awwad Hussain M. , Eskelund Amanda R. , Treccani Giulia , Geisel Juergen , Wegener Gregers , Obeid Rima 
Published: February 2018

ScopeProbiotics may influence one‐carbon (C1) metabolism, neurotransmitters, liver function markers, or behavior.Methods and resultsMale adult Flinders Sensitive Line rats (model of depression, FSL; n = 22) received Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 (109 or 1010 colony‐forming units per day) or vehicle for 10 weeks. The controls, Flinders Resistant Line rats (FRL, n = 8), only received vehicle. C1‐related metabolites were measured in plasma, urine, and different tissues. Monoamine concentrations were measured in plasma, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Vehicle‐treated FSL rats had higher plasma concentrations of betaine, choline, and dimethylglycine, but lower plasma homocysteine and liver S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) than FRLs. FSL rats receiving high‐dose probiotics had lower plasma betaine and higher liver SAM compared to vehicle‐treated FSL rats. FSLs had higher concentrations of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin than FRLs across various brain regions. Probiotics decreased plasma dopamine in FSLs in a dose‐dependent manner. There were no detectable changes in liver function markers or behavior.ConclusionsProbiotics reduced the flow of methyl groups via betaine, increased liver SAM, and decreased plasma dopamine and norepinephrine. Since these changes in methylation and catecholamine pathways are known to be involved in several diseases, future investigation of the effect of probiotics is warranted.
Protein Turnover in Aging and Longevity
Authors: Basisty Nathan , Meyer Jesse G. , Schilling Birgit 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProgressive loss of proteostasis is a hallmark of aging that is marked by declines in various components of proteostasis machinery, including: autophagy, ubiquitin‐mediated degradation, protein synthesis, and others. While declines in proteostasis have historically been observed as changes in these processes, or as bulk changes in the proteome, recent advances in proteomic methodologies have enabled the comprehensive measurement of turnover directly at the level of individual proteins in vivo. These methods, which utilize a combination of stable‐isotope labeling, mass spectrometry, and specialized software analysis, have now been applied to various studies of aging and longevity. Here we review the role of proteostasis in aging and longevity, with a focus on the proteomic methods available to conduct protein turnover in aging models and the insights these studies have provided thus far.
Atomic structures of corkscrew‐forming segments of SOD1 reveal varied oligomer conformations
Authors: Sangwan Smriti , Sawaya Michael R. , Murray Kevin A. , Hughes Michael P. , Eisenberg David S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aggregation cascade of disease‐related amyloidogenic proteins, terminating in insoluble amyloid fibrils, involves intermediate oligomeric states. The structural and biochemical details of these oligomers have been largely unknown. Here we report crystal structures of variants of the cytotoxic oligomer‐forming segment residues 28–38 of the ALS‐linked protein, SOD1. The crystal structures reveal three different architectures: corkscrew oligomeric structure, nontwisting curved sheet structure and a steric zipper proto‐filament structure. Our work highlights the polymorphism of the segment 28–38 of SOD1 and identifies the molecular features of amyloidogenic entities.
Development and Pilot Testing of a Decision Aid for Genomic Research Participants Notified of Clinically Actionable Research Findings for Cancer Risk
Authors: Willis Amanda M. , Smith Sian K. , Meiser Bettina , Ballinger Mandy L. , Thomas David M. , Tattersall Martin ,   the International Sarcoma Kindred Study (ISKS),   the Kathleen Cuningham National Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), Young Mary‐Anne 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGermline genomic testing is increasingly used in research to identify genetic causes of disease, including cancer. However, there is evidence that individuals who are notified of clinically actionable research findings have difficulty making informed decisions regarding uptake of genetic counseling for these findings. This study aimed to produce and pilot test a decision aid to assist participants in genomic research studies who are notified of clinically actionable research findings to make informed choices regarding uptake of genetic counseling. Development was guided by published literature, the International Patient Decision Aid Standards, and the expertise of a steering committee of clinicians, researchers, and consumers. Decision aid acceptability was assessed by self‐report questionnaire. All 19 participants stated that the decision aid was easy to read, clearly presented, increased their understanding of the implications of taking up research findings, and would be helpful in decision‐making. While low to moderate levels of distress/worry were reported after reading the booklet, a majority of participants also reported feeling reassured. All participants would recommend the booklet to others considering uptake of clinically actionable research findings. Results indicate the decision aid is acceptable to the target audience, with potential as a useful decision support tool for genomic research participants.
Systemic Treatment of Patients with Advanced, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Emergence of Therapies
Authors: Sun Weijing , Cabrera Roniel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo date, sorafenib, a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the only systemic agent approved by the FDA in the first-line treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Several other tyrosine kinase-inhibiting agents have been investigated in the first-line setting, either alone (sunitinib, brivanib, linifanib, and lenvatinib) or in combination with sorafenib (erlotinib and doxorubicin) in phase 3 trials. However, none of these studies demonstrated an improvement in survival over sorafenib. Many agents have also been tested in patients with HCC whose disease has progressed on sorafenib, but regorafenib is the only one to have demonstrated efficacy in this setting in a randomized, phase 3 trial. There were no clear survival benefits shown with everolimus, brivanib, or ramucirumab as second-line therapy. Nivolumab has also shown promising efficacy in patients with HCC who progressed on sorafenib, which was recently granted approval by the FDA, although larger confirmative trials may be considered. The treatment landscape for patients with advanced unresectable hepatocellular tumors has remained fairly static for the past 10 years, with multiple failed trials yield little change in the way these patients might be treated. However, recent findings for regorafenib, lenvatinib, and nivolumab have led to the most significant changes in the treatment paradigm in years.
Sexual Self-Schema Scale for Women—Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version
Authors: Nowosielski Krzysztof , Jankowski Konrad S. , Kowalczyk Robert , Kurpisz Jacek , Normantowicz-Zakrzewska Małgorzata , Krasowska Aleksandra 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Introduction
The sexual self-schema is a part of a broader concept of the self that is believed to be crucial for intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual relationships.

Aim
To develop and perform psychometric validation of the Polish version of the Sexual Self-Schema Scale for Women (SSSS-W-PL).

Methods
561 women 18 to 55 years old were included in the final analysis. Linguistic validation was performed in 4 steps in line with the MAPI Institute guidelines. Convergent validity was calculated using the Pearson r product-moment coefficient between different measures of sexuality (attitudes and experience, behavior, arousal, romantic relationship) and SSSS-W-PL total and factor scores. To test discriminant validity, we applied hierarchical regression analyses predicting the number of lifetime sexual partners, self-rating as a sexual person (1 item, “I feel sexually attractive”; on a 5-point Likert scale), and arousability, with independent variables being extraversion (Ten-Item Personality Inventory), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), and the SSSS-W-PL (total and factor scores).

Main Outcomes Measures
Sexual self-schema was measured by the SSSS-W-PL, whereas arousability was measured by the arousal/excitement scale of the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire.

Results
The mean age of the study population was 29.0 ± 7.6 years. The final scale consisted of 24 adjectives grouped within 4 factors: romantic, passionate, direct, and embarrassed. The 4-factor model accounted for 39% of the variance. The Cronbach α was 0.74 for the SSSS-W-PL total score and 0.61 to 0.84 for individual factors. Test-retest reliability of the scale after 2- to 8-week intervals was 0.87 (95% CI = 0.82–0.86, P &lt; .001). The increment variances were statistically significant and ranged from 3.8% to 11.6%.

Conclusion
The analysis showed good psychometric properties and internal validity of the SSSS-W-PL. The SSSS-W-PL might be helpful in consulting and/or providing sexual therapy to gynecologic cancer survivors or women with a history of childhood sexual abuse.
Poorly Controlled Homocystinuria: A Rare Cause of Ischemic Priapism?
Authors: Johnson Mark , Murphy Elaine , Raheem Amr , Ralph David 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We report on the 1st case of ischemic priapism secondary to poorly controlled homocystinuria. Homocystinuria is a rare, autosomal recessive, inherited disorder of metabolism that is caused by a deficiency of cystathionine synthase, leading to marked hyperhomocysteinemia. Arterial and/or venous thromboemboli are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with homocystinuria. Untreated patients have a 50% chance of having a vascular event by 30 years of age. Increased homocysteine levels have been reported to upregulate prothrombotic factors and downregulate antithrombotic factors; in particular, increased homocystinuria has been found to downregulate nitric oxide (NO). Mice that are deficient in NO synthase in the cavernosal smooth muscles have a higher incidence of priapism. Decrease in NO synthase causes downregulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, phosphodiesterase type 5A, and Rho A/Rho-kinase. Because persistently increased homocysteine also downregulates NO, a similar mechanism could be proposed for priapism secondary to homocystinuria. In patients presenting with priapism, specific features of homocystinuria should be sought; in selected patients, screening with plasma total homocysteine might be appropriate. Ischemic priapism secondary to homocystinuria appears to respond well to the standard treatment options of aspiration, intracavernosal injection with phenylephrine, and, if required, a shunting procedure.
Johnson M, Murphy E, Raheem A, Ralph D. Poorly Controlled Homocystinuria: A Rare Cause of Ischemic Priapism? Sex Med 2018;6:171–173.
Microvesicles as Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Chen Yan , Li Guangping , Liu Ming-Lin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs, also known as microparticles) are small vesicles that originate from plasma membrane of almost all eukaryotic cells during apoptosis or activation. MVs can serve as extracellular vehicles to transport bioactive molecules from their parental cells to recipient target cells, thereby serving as novel mediators for intercellular communication. Importantly, more and more evidence indicates that MVs could play important roles in early pathogenesis and subsequent progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Elevated plasma concentrations of MVs, originating from red blood cells, leukocytes, platelets, or other organs and tissues, have been reported in various cardiometabolic diseases. Circulating MVs could serve as potential biomarkers for disease diagnosis or therapeutic monitoring. In this review, we summarized recently-published studies in the field and discussed the role of MVs in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. The emerging values of MVs that serve as biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis, as well as their roles as novel therapeutic targets in cardiometabolic diseases, were also described.
A cirurgia precoce nas fraturas do fêmur proximal em idosos reduz a taxa de mortalidade?
Authors: Pinto Igor Pellucci , Ferres Luis Felipe Brandt , Boni Guilherme , Falótico Guilherme Guadagnini , Moraes Maurício de , Puertas Eduardo Barros 
Published: February 2018

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar se a redução no tempo de espera para cirurgia ortopédica nos pacientes idosos com fratura da extremidade proximal do fêmur impacta na redução da mortalidade intra-hospitalar, da mortalidade em 6 meses de seguimento, e na redução do tempo de internação hospitalar.
Métodos Trabalho de coorte retrospectiva fundamentado na análise de prontuários de 81 pacientes internados com diagnóstico de fratura transtrocanteriana ou subtrocanteriana do fêmur, e submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico em 2015 e 2016 em um hospital de referência no atendimento ao trauma, antes e após a implantação de protocolo para cirurgia em até 48 horas.
Resultados Observou-se redução do tempo médio de internação de 17 para 11 dias após a implantação do protocolo. Com relação à mortalidade intra-hospitalar, cinco pacientes faleceram antes da implantação do protocolo, e cinco, após a implantação do protocolo. Referente à mortalidade extra-hospitalar, avaliada em 6 meses de pós-operatório, observou-se uma redução de 26,7% para 19,4%. Os resultados não apresentaram significância estatística.
Conclusão O presente estudo demonstrou que existe uma tendência à redução do tempo de internação hospitalar e da mortalidade em 6 meses quando a cirurgia para tratamento de fraturas do fêmur proximal no idoso é feita em até 48 horas de internação hospitalar.
Ferimentos penetrantes no membro superior – prevalência e etiologia
Authors: Erazo Jaime Piccaro , Sabongi Rodrigo Guerra , Moares Vinicius Ynoe de , Santos João Baptista Gomes dos , Faloppa Flávio , Belloti João Carlos 
Published: February 2018

Resumo
Objetivo Definir as principais características epidemiológicas dessas lesões, bem como identificar a causa e a frequência de ferimentos penetrantes no membro superior atendidos no Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da nossa instituição.
Métodos O estudo se baseou em uma amostra de pacientes consecutivos atendidos no Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia dessa instituição, de maio de 2014 a maio de 2016. Os dados foram coletados por contato telefônico, aplicou-se um questionário pré-estruturado sobre os dados e as características das lesões. A análise estatística foi feita de forma descritiva e a comparação das proporções através do teste de qui-quadrado, associado ao valor de p, com significância < 5%.
Resultados Foram considerados 1.648 registros inicialmente e, após aplicados os critérios de exclusão e excluídos os duplicados, 598 pacientes foram incluídos na análise final. A maioria dos pacientes era do gênero masculino (77,80%), destros (95,82%), com média no momento do trauma de 37,27 anos. Os trabalhadores manuais foram os mais lesionados (50,00%) e a topografia mais acometida foram os dedos (51,84%). Dentre os agentes etiológicos, destaque para o vidro (33,77%). A prevalência de pacientes com amputação foi maior nos ferimentos por máquinas industriais (p < 0,05) quando comparada com outros agentes etiológicos. Pacientes com menos de 18 anos apresentaram maior frequência de ferimentos ocasionadas por vidro (p < 0,05). Já os pacientes com 60 anos ou mais apresentaram maior prevalência de ferimentos por máquina de corte (p < 0,05). Mulheres apresentaram maior frequência de ferimentos por lâmina e por vidro (p < 0,05). Os trabalhadores manuais apresentaram maior prevalência de ferimentos por máquinas de corte e industriais (p < 0,05) e maior prevalência de amputações (p < 0,05).
Conclusão O agente etiológico mais frequente é o vidro, com relevância maior em menores de 18 anos. Em mulheres e idosos, há grande frequência de lesões causadas por lâminas e máquinas de corte, respectivamente. Lesões de maior gravidade são causadas por máquinas, associadas a atividade laboral.
Novel and interesting Ophiocordyceps spp. (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) with superficial perithecia from Thailand
Authors: Luangsa-ard J. , Tasanathai K. , Thanakitpipattana D. , Khonsanit A. , Stadler M. 
Published: February 2018

Ophiocordyceps is a heterogeneous, species-rich genus in the order Hypocreales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) that includes invertebrate-pathogenic taxa. In this study, seven new species in Ophiocordyceps producing superficial perithecia infecting various
insect hosts (Lepidoptera, Hemiptera) are described from Thailand – Ophiocordyceps brunneinigra, O. brunneiperitheciata, O. geometridicola, O. multiperitheciata, O. pauciovoperitheciata, O. pseudoacicularis and O. spataforae. Phylogenetic analyses based on multigene
loci comprising the large subunit of the ribosomal DNA (LSU), partial sequences of elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) and the largest and second largest subunit of the RNA polymerase (RPB1, PRB2) strongly support these new species of Ophiocordyceps in the Ophiocordycipitaceae. They
differ from species previously described species Ophiocordyceps acicularis, O. atewensis, O. cochlidiicola, and O. crinalis, in the shape and sizes of distinguishing characters such as perithecia, ascospores and conidia. We also report a new record of O. macroacicularis
in Thailand.
CCTV: an open door into enterprise and national infrastructure
Authors: Wickes James 
Published: February 2018

CCTV cameras are ubiquitous in today's UK and are trusted to protect people, premises and vital national infrastructure. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the systems we trust to improve security may not themselves be secure. Some risks can be prevented by understanding the nature of the threat and taking appropriate security precautions, while others are in-built by manufacturers. CCTV cameras are ubiquitous today and are trusted to protect people, premises and vital national infrastructure. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the systems we trust to improve security may not themselves be secure. As cameras are often outside the scope of an organisation's IT department, it is all too easy for even basic security precautions to be overlooked. However, some insecurities are built-in and organisations may need to review their CCTV strategies, explains James Wickes of Cloudview.
Securing robot communication using packet encryption distribution
Authors: Al-Azzam Saad , Sharieh Ahmad , Sleit Azzam , Al-Azzam Nedaa 
Published: February 2018

With the widespread deployment of mobile networks, wireless communications are increasingly preferred both by ordinary users and researchers working on mobile applications communication. Securing a wireless connection is essential since an eavesdropper might interrupt a connection to collect data illegitimately, or interfere with the transmission by adding misleading data, eliminating critical information, or altering transmitted messages. With the widespread deployment of mobile networks, wireless communications are increasingly important to both ordinary users and researchers. Securing a wireless connection is essential since an eavesdropper might interrupt a connection to collect data, or interfere with the transmission. Saad Al-Azzam, Ahmad Sharieh and Azzam Sleit of the University of Jordan and Nedaa Al-Azzam of Al-Dammam University propose an algorithm that secures both the message itself by employing a multi-level encryption technique and secures the transmission by broadcasting it over multiple interfaces.
Open source and the Internet of Things
Authors: Mansfield-Devine Steve 
Published: February 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining a reputation for insecurity. Researchers have revealed dangerous flaws in everything from baby monitors to power stations. And much of the problem stems from an attitude of ‘innovate now, secure later’. In this interview with Tim Mackey, technical evangelist at Black Duck Software by Synopsys, we look at what the IoT encompasses, why so much of it appears to be flaky or downright dangerous and how the unquestioning and promiscuous use of readymade solutions, including open source code libraries, can have serious consequences. The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining a reputation for insecurity. Researchers have revealed dangerous flaws in everything from baby monitors to power stations. Much of the problem stems from an attitude of ‘innovate now, secure later’. In this interview with Tim Mackey of Black Duck Software, we look at what the IoT encompasses, why so much of it appears to be flaky or downright dangerous and how the promiscuous use of readymade solutions, including open source code libraries, can have serious consequences.
MIMO antenna with built‐in circular shaped isolator for sub‐6 GHz 5G applications
Authors: Saxena S. , Kanaujia B.K. , Dwari S. , Kumar S. , Tiwari R. 
Published: February 2018

A four‐port MIMO antenna design focused on the sub‐6 GHz fifth generation wireless communication application is presented. The design does not need any other decoupling structure for achieving isolation between multiple ports. A combination of four single wideband antenna units results in the formation of a circular‐shaped metallic disc in the ground plane of the proposed antenna. This disc acts as a pool of current with 180° phase difference leading to isolation between various ports. Diversity performance of the antenna is shown with the help of an envelope correlation coefficient using both S‐parameter and far‐field data. The radiation pattern of the proposed antenna has four lobes in four quadrants for proper reception of signals from different directions. A prototype of the designed antenna is fabricated and measured successfully.
The convective photosphere of the red supergiant CE Tauri
Authors: Montargès M. , Norris R. , Chiavassa A. , Tessore B. , Lèbre A. , Baron F. 
Published: February 2018

Context. Red supergiant stars are one of the latest stages in the evolution of massive stars. Their photospheric convection may play an important role in the launching mechanism of their mass loss; however, its characteristics and dynamics are still poorly constrained.
Aims. By observing red supergiant stars with near infrared interferometry at different epochs, we expect to reveal the evolution of bright convective features on their stellar surface.
Methods. We observed the M2Iab-Ib red supergiant star CE Tau with the VLTI/PIONIER instrument in the H band at two different epochs separated by one month.
Results. We derive the angular diameter of the star and basic stellar parameters, and reconstruct two reliable images of its H-band photosphere. The contrast of the convective pattern of the reconstructed images is 5 ± 1% and 6 ± 1% for our two epochs of observation.
Conclusions. The stellar photosphere shows few changes between the two epochs. The contrast of the convective pattern is below the average contrast variations obtained on 30 randomly chosen snapshots of the best matching 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulation: 23 ± 1% for the original simulation images and 16 ± 1% for the maps degraded to the reconstruction resolution. We offer two hypotheses to explain this observation. CE Tau may be experiencing a quiet convective activity episode or it could be a consequence of its warmer effective temperature (hence its smaller radius) compared to the simulation.