bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Main tendencies of climate factors changes within Kuyalnik Liman drainage basin
Authors: Daus M.E. , Loboda N.S. 
Published: November 2018

Problem. Global climate changes, which are observed over the last decades, influencing the formation of modern hydrological regime of the Kuyalnik Liman. In the paper for the detection of major trends of these changes the natural climatic factors (temperature, precipitation) are evaluated.
The purpose of investigation is assessment of changes in major climatic factors of flow formation, namely precipitation and air temperature for the year, warm and cold periods on the basis of meteorological stations data within the catchment the Kuyalnik Liman and adjacent areas during the period 1900-2012.
Research methods are methods of statistical processing of the initial information. Analysis of changes in climatic factors was occurred on the base of comparing data before and after year 1989 (beginning of observations - 1988, 1989-2012).
Main results. The average annual temperature for the period 1989-2012 on the all the weather stations are increased from 0,8°C (Rozdelnaya) to 1,1°C (Odessa, Lyubashevka) compared with the previous observational period (1951-1988). During the warm season - from April to October – on all the weather stations average temperature are increased on 0,7°C, on the station Odessa - on 1,0°C. In the period 1989-2012 from November to March on all the weather stations the average temperature are increased on 1,0 - 2,0°C (relative to the previous estimated range).
On chronological graphs of average year temperatures, in the warm and cold seasons upward trend in air temperatures are marked. In the cold period transition in average temperatures from negative to positive means are eventuated.
Data review on all the meteorological stations revealed that temperature trends for the year, warm and cold periods are characterized by statistically significant correlation coefficients.
For the average annual precipitation for the period 1989-2012 statistically significant trends are not found. In the cold period reducing of the amounts of precipitation are dominated, in the warm period growth tendencies are observed.
Conclusions. Trends in changes of climatic factors on the watershed the Kuyalnik Liman indicate the unfavorable conditions of the flow formation. Rising of air temperatures of cold season promote the thaws formation and reduce the discharge and volume of spring floods. Increasing of air temperatures of warm period led to growth of evaporation from the land surface, especially from water surface of reservoirs. These losses are not recompense by the increasing of precipitation. So, on the catchment the Kuyalnik Liman climatic conditions that reduce the water resources are formed.
Impact of climate changes on water resources of Kuialnyk Liman catchment in scenario climate conditions
Authors: Loboda N.S. , Bozhok Y.V. 
Published: November 2018

The actuality of research is conditioned by necessity of water regime determination under climate change for substantiate management its water resources in future. The purpose of investigation is evaluation of changes in water resources of Kuyalnyk Liman catchment under climate change.
The main method of research is model "climate- runoff ", developed at the Odessa State Environmental University. Database of global climate change scenarios A1B (realized in regional climate model REMO) and A2 (developed under the regional climate model RCA) was used.
The analysis of fluctuation regularity of climatic factors of the flow formation on the Kuyalnyk Liman catchment and surrounding areas according to selected scenarios using difference-integral curves are done. Changes in precipitation and the maximum possible evaporation for the 30-year intervals up to the year 2100 (scenario A1D) or up to the year 2050 (scenario A2) are analyzed. The main tendencies in water resources of Kuyalnyk Liman using the model "climate- runoff" in the future are established. It is shown that according to the scenario A1B by the middle of XXI century possible reduction of water resources in the Kuyalnyk Liman catchment is 40%. According to the scenario A2 water resources in northern part of the basin can grow on average by 20-30%, and in the southern part runoff can be reduced on average by 10%.
The distribution of biogenic substances in waters of the North Atlantic
Authors: Moniushko M.M. 
Published: November 2018

The article considers the main regularities of distribution of biogenic elements in accordance with the dissolved oxygen and hydrological characteristics of the marine environment. To study the spatial distribution of biogenic elements taken three main forms of substances in the marine environment: phosphates, nitrates, silicates. Because these compounds in ocean are crucial importance for the development of life. Shows the role of hydrodynamic factors that most significantly affect the distribution and redistribution of nutrients in the waters of the North Atlantic. Quantitative evaluation of the nutrient transport system of currents. The calculated weight amount of phosphates transported by the stream per unit time.
Calculation of wind speed in the 300-meter lower layer of the atmosphere based on the meteorological observations taking account of temperature stratification and surface roughness
Authors: Stepanenko S.N. , Voloshin V.G. , Kuryshina V. Yu. 
Published: November 2018

Introduction. Taking into account relationship of wind profile power-law exponent (m) from hydrostatic stability of the layer and surface roughness the calculation method of wind speed and direction in the lower 300-meter layer of the atmosphere based on the meteorological observations is proposed.
Problem. For many applied engineering problems, for example, for the design of high-rise construction and operation of wind power plants the wind and temperature profile data in the lower 300-meter layer are required. In the design, the main objective is to determine the peak wind loads and influences on objects.
Research methods. The calculations were carried out using the energy-balance model of the atmospheric surface layer, SLEB, based on standard meteorological information. The model is built on the basis of Monin-Obukhov similarity. To determine spatial variability of wind and temperature hydrostatic stability of the atmosphere and the dynamic properties of the underlying surface are taken into account.
Purpose. The aim of the study is to develop a method of calculation of changes in wind speed and direction in the lower 300-m layer of the atmosphere using the wind profile power law based on the standard surface meteorological information.
Results of the study. Relationships of non-dimensional wind profile power-law exponent from hydrostatic stability of the layer and surface roughness, obtained with the SLEB model, allowed building function graphics for different observation times and months. All calculated values agree with the known experimental and theoretical data very well.
Water quality estimation at the gauge station of the Ingulets River, town of Snigurivka, by hydrochemical parameters
Authors: Shakhman I.A. , Loboda N.S. 
Published: November 2018

The article contains the results of water quality estimation by hydrochemical parameters at the gauge station of the Ingulets River, town of Snigurivka, during the observation period of 2001-2014 based on modern calculation methods. The analysis of anthropogenic factors affecting change of quality of surface water of the Ingulets River was used. It was found that by hydrochemical parameters waters are mostly "contaminated", "very contaminated", or "catastrophically contaminated". River flow appears to be the main source of water supply for the population and the economy. There is an acute deficit of water in the South of Ukraine. Because of use of rivers for economic activity of Mykolaiv region estimation of the ecological state of the Ingulets River should be carried out. Starting from 2010 a tendency of quality improvement via reducing of petroleum products concentration was discovered. Dynamics of changes pollutants’ concentration shows a decrease of petroleum products’ concentration but over the last years the chemical composition of water in the river has not significantly improved, ability of the river to cleanse and restore itself does not re-turn. The ecological state of the river is characterized as an ecological regress. There is a necessity of further research using modern methods of complex estimation of surface waters sources’ quality.
Radiation-and-temperature resources of the steppe zone in Ukraine under the climate change conditions in the period of up to 2050
Authors: Polevoy А. N. , Shabliy O. V. 
Published: November 2018

Indices of the radiation-and-temperature regime in the Steppe zone of Ukraine in the period of 1986 through 2005, as compared to the expected changes in these indices, calculated in accordance with the two climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, for the period of up to 2050, are under consideration in the paper. RCP4.5 is a scenario of stabilization of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere, while RCP8.5 is the one of very high greenhouse gas emissions. To characterize the radiation and thermal resources in the Steppe zone of Ukraine in the period of 1986 through 2005 (the basic period), and the change in the period of 2021 through 2050 calculations of average long-term values for the first group of environmental factors were performed: the duration of daytime, the total daily solar radiation, the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the accumulated PAR, the radiation balance of the vegetation cover, and the temperature regime. The following principal agro-climatic characteristics of the temperature regime were considered: dates of stable rise of the air temperature above 0, 5, 10, 15 °C in spring and autumn, duration of the period with air temperatures above 0, 5, 10, 15 °C, the accumulated positive air temperatures for the period with air temperatures above 0, 5, 10, 15 °C, the average air temperature in January and July, and the amplitude.
It is pointed out that in the period of up to 2050, according to the calculations in both scenarios, increased indices of the radiation-and-temperature regime will be observed. The values of the radiation regime parameters will predominantly increase in late summer and early autumn. As a result of the inflow of increased accumulated solar radiation, the accumulated temperatures in the period with air temperatures above 5 °C will also rise. The expected increase in the accumulated temperatures will nevertheless not exceed 200 °C. A rise in the total temperature will contribute to better heat supply for the crops.
Technologies of making meteorological weather forecasts implemented in the Hydrometeorological Department of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Sumak E. N. 
Published: November 2018

The article describes the methods of making short-term weather forecasts and storm warnings in the Hydrometeorological Department of the Republic of Belarus using different sources of in-formation (monitoring of synoptic situation, use of various satellite information, radar data etc.). It presents information about an observation network operating in the country (upper-air and surface observations). It also indicates the aims and results of the BALTRAD project resulting in creation of a modern, real-time meteorological radar network which connects the Republic of Belarus and the countries of Baltic region. The article contains short information about use of numerical weather forecasting models, in particular, the mesoscale model WRF-ARW which runs on the cluster system available in the Hydrometeorological Department. The GFS model data (0.25° increment) are used as a source of input data for modelling. Once launched the WRF model generates a forecast with advance time of 48 hours while time resolution of output data is equal to 1 hour. Calculation is performed as per "nested grids" with two domains having spatial resolution of 15 and 3 km which provides detailed information and enables making forecasts of local phenomena. Special attention is paid to products of the department of meteorological forecasts, especially to the hydrometeorological bulletin for the President with its structure being specified. The risk gradations are shown and characterized with allocation of colour codes based thereon in order to introduce respective forecast meteorological products: the weather is not dangerous ("green"); the weather is potentially dangerous ("yellow"); the weather is dangerous ("orange"); the weather is very dangerous ("red").
The article specifies current problems arising during conduction of hydrometeorological activities and the ways they can be solved as indicated in the Strategy for Development of Hydrometeorological and Environmental Monitoring Activities in the Republic of Belarus until 2030.
Convective phenomena forecasting based on output data of numerical models available in the Hydrometeorological Centre of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Prokharenya M. I. 
Published: November 2018

In the article you can read about the methods used for forecasting convective processes by means of output products of numerical models with various spatial resolution. It presents the methods for forecasting convective phenomena applied in the Hydrometeorological Centre of the Republic of Belarus. The state of the atmosphere affected by intensive convection over the territory of the Republic of Belarus on July 13, 2016 is analyzed. The categorial evaluation of the thunderstorm forecasting methods by G.D. Reshetov and I.A. Slavin is specified with the respective results presented. The article analyzes the forecast of convective phenomena conducted with the help of the non-hydrostatic regional model WRF-ARW.
Use of convective instability indices and calculation methods can facilitate convective phenomena forecasting. The advantage of their use consists in possibility of their application within the areas not covered by aerological sounding. However, selection of indicators of instability and methods of thunderstorm and other dangerous phenomena forecasting depends on features of an area under study and this requires further research.
To ensure more accurate convective phenomena forecasting it is necessary to consider radar, satellite and aerological observations when conducting numerical model calculations. The results of the research showed that convective phenomena forecasting requires use of models with a high spatial resolution.
Current state and tendencies of distribution of ground frosts within the territory of Ukraine
Authors: Klok S. V. 
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this work consists in identifying the main trends of present-day formation and distribution of ground frosts throughout Ukraine. For this purpose the analysis of a minimum air temperature field has been conducted based on observation data at 186 stations of Ukraine for the period from 1991 to 2014. It is known that extreme values of air temperature are much more informative than its average values. Therefore analyses of meteorological extreme values usually lead to more substantial and qualitative results.
In the course of the work, occurrences of frost in April, May and September have been studied separately from each other while these three months are deemed to be the most dangerous in terms of frosts' frequency and negative impact. In order to identify trends to occurrence of this dangerous weather phenomenon a comparison of two decades of 1991-2000 and 2001-2010 has been made. In addition, the latest observation period of 2011-2014 has been considered separately taking into account the results of comparative analysis of two preceding decades.
The results of the work indicate a decrease of number of September days having this dangerous weather phenomenon during the last few years. However, recurrence of frosts remains stably high in April while in May it appears to be high only in certain years. The obtained results also indicate the fact that the northern and northeastern territories of Ukraine appear to be the most vulnerable to frosts.
Thus it should be noted that a threat of adverse consequences caused by ground frosts is still there and remains to be quite high, especially for agriculture.
Modeling of sunflower’s productivity under future climate changes in Ukraine considering the scenarios of RCP anthropogenic impact
Authors: Zhygailo О. L. , Zhygailo T. S. 
Published: November 2018

Climate change is one of the major global issues. Climate is one of the most significant factors determining the level of crop yields, including sunflower crops. Currently the sunflower planting acreage in Ukraine has already reached its maximum value. Therefore the potential for increasing sunflower production should be aimed at increasing its yield.
To assess the impact of climate change on sunflower productivity the article considers modern scenarios of RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) such as RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. They belong to the scenarios of medium and high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. The RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios cover the climatic period from 2021 to 2050. In order to conduct a comparative analysis of scenario meteorological values with previous data from the Agroclimatic Reference Book of Ukraine, the period from 1986 to 2005 was taken. It serves as a basic period for calculations.
Calculations were made for the following natural and climatic zones of Ukraine: East Forest-Steppe, Northern and Southern Steppe.
The article studies the influence of agroclimatic conditions on sunflower cultivation as per two interphase periods: shoots - blooming and blooming - picking maturity.
Study of sunflower productivity formation was carried out using a mathematical model of the water-heat regime and sunflower productivity. The model is based on the system of equations of radiation, heat and water balances and biomass balance in vegetation cover.
According to calculations a lowered temperature regime and sufficient moisture in the first half of sunflower vegetation season will favor the formation of leaves way more than during the basic period within the entire area under study. However, expected arid conditions in the second half of vegetation period will cause a very low sunflower moisture availability during this period which would lead to reduction of sunflower seeds' crop-producing power. Analysis of agroclimatic conditions during vegetation season from sunflower shoots to its picking maturity showed that implementation of both scenarios would ensure expected weather conditions to be more favorable for sunflower growing in the eastern forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The greatest risk of sunflower crops shortfall in certain years is expected in the southern steppe zone of Ukraine and significant losses should be expected in case of scenario RCP4.5 implementation.
To substantiate measures aimed at prevention of siltation of supply and transport channels in the Danube lakes (study of hydraulic and alluvial regimes)
Authors: Kulibabin O. H. 
Published: November 2018

Underwater bucket channels connecting the Danube with sluices were built perpendicular to river’s main stream. Water supply tract consists of an supply bucket channel, connecting the Danube with a sluice facility, a transporting channel – from a sluice to the mouth, i.e. to an output of a channel into a lake, and a mouth section of a channel. Throughout the whole period of operation of these facilities silt accumulation has been observed within supply bucket channels, in a lesser degree – within transport channels, and emergence in a mouth section of transport channels of sandbars having considerable dimensions. Throughout the whole period of operation of facilities and channels plenty of money has been spent for cleaning facilities and channels off sediments, so there is a need for deeper examination of the nature of silting phenomenon and minimization of water supply tract siltation through its simple reconstruction.
The aim of this research consists in substantiation of proposals to eliminate or to reduce effects of silting of supply and transport channels under existing conditions and substantiation of proposed necessary structural measures on the basis of proposed mathematical modelling and methods of analytical studies. Therefore methods of analytical studies including probable and statistical approaches used when analyzing processes with constant change of environment were proposed. These studies found that boundaries of supply of inlet channels in an open river’s channel depend on distribution of flow velocities throughout a river’s stream and conditions of stream distribution and flow pattern in the middle of the supply channel depends on shape of an inlet, particularly on shape of its lower side.
These suggestions and studies give us an opportunity to recommend means of controlling a hydraulic regime in the middle of a supply channel. Fighting against deposition of bottom sediments at supply channels may be won after choosing a place for water intake and a type of bucket, as well as after specification of appropriate structural forms and sizes of their inlet components. Therefore the article provides suggestions on research of regime of interaction between the river and a supply channel, dynamics of water exchange in supply channels, forces of stream masses developing during mixing, hydraulic regime and regime of deposition of supply and transport channels in order to determine the major requirements regarding size of water area of a supply channel.
Simulation of regional climate models of total cloud fraction in Morocco for the period of 2020-2050
Authors: Youssef El Hadri , Khokhlov V. M. 
Published: November 2018

The Moroccan energy system is highly dependent on external energy markets. The use of solar energy is one of the most promising ways in the development of renewable energy sources. At the moment, there are several scenarios for the development of renewable energy in Morocco diverging only in quantitative assessments. All of them are aimed at increasing the generation of green energy, from the complete satisfaction of all needs of Moroccan consumers to the opportunity of exporting some of its environmentally friendly electricity to Europe. Estimation of energy efficiency of solar installations is usually carried out on the basis of calculations of solar radiation arrival in the presence of cloudless sky. Clouds significantly reduce amount of solar radiation and sunshine duration. This study is aimed at determination of possible quantitative parameters of the total cloud cover and the areas in which the cloud cover would have the least impact on the amount of incoming solar radiation in Morocco in 2020-2050. The article presents the results of simulation of total cloud fraction using 11 regional climate models of CORDEX project for the period of 2020-2050 in Morocco. For the period of 2020-2050 the average values of total cloud fraction on the territory of Morocco will have the smallest values within the plains located near the border with Algeria on the territory of the prefecture of Sous-Massa lying at the foot of the southern slopes of the Anti-Atlas. The analysis of the annual regime of total cloud fraction showed that in the future it will be of a different nature in different parts of the country due to various factors affecting its formation. The area with the smallest volumes of monthly total cloud fraction will lie within the territory the southern part of prefecture Draa-Tafilalet and prefectures Sous-Massa, Guelmim-Oued Noun, Laayoune-Sakia El Hamra, Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab excluding their coastal parts of the Atlantic Ocean.
In the future most of the territory of Morocco will be characterized by a low amount of total cloud fraction, which, in its turn, will have an insignificant effect on the amount of solar radiation entering to the underlying surface of these areas. In terms of solar power, the best conditions will exist at the southern parts of Morocco, excluding the coast where the total cloud fraction will have the least impact on the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface and on sunshine duration.