bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are lipid‐lowering drugs associated with a risk of cataract? A pharmacovigilance study
Authors: Despas Fabien , Rousseau Vanessa , Lafaurie Margaux , De Canecaude Claire , Durrieu Geneviève , Bagheri Haleh , Montastruc François , Montastruc Jean‐Louis 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSome reports have raised concerns regarding a potential risk of cataracts associated with statins. However, clinical and observational studies evaluating the risk led to conflicting results. We assessed whether lipid‐lowering drugs (LLD) use is associated with an increased risk of cataract using the WHO's Individual Case Safety Reports database, VigiBase®. We performed a disproportionality analysis with all reports between 1/1/1988 and 12/31/2018 to measure the reporting risk of ‘cataract’ in patients ≥45 years. Primary analysis compared LLD users to non‐users. To mitigate some potential confounding bias, we performed several sensitivity analyses excluding reports (i) with an association of at least two LLD, (ii) with antidiabetic and glucocorticoids and (iii) with lovastatin. We also analyzed the data according to the different classes of age limiting the period of study to years 2002–2012. We identified 14 664 reports of cataract (3 049 in LLD users, 66% women, 66 ± 20 years). Statins (84%, atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin and lovastatin) were mostly reported, followed by fibrates (5.7%), nicotinic acid (3%), bile acid sequestrants (2%), herbal cholesterol and triglyceride reducers (2%) and others (ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, 15%). LLD users were associated with a greater risk of reports than non‐users (ROR 2.47, 95% CI 2.37–2.57). This association was also found for statins in general, fibrates, bile sequestrants, nicotinic acid, herbal drugs and others. Similar trends were observed in sensitivity analyses (except for fibrates and nicotinic acid after exclusion of reports with at least two LLD or in older patients ≥75 years). Using a large real‐life database (>18.5 million reports), we found a signal of cataract for LLD as a whole and statins, bile sequestrants and herbal drugs in particular. The signal disappeared for fibrates and nicotinic acid in older patients. No definite conclusions can be made for ezetimibe or PCSK9 inhibitors (evolocumab and alirocumab). This suggests that a decrease in cholesterol could be important in the pathophysiology of cataract in patients exposed to the main LLD.
Co‐production for service improvement: Developing a training programme for mental health professionals to enhance medication adherence in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic Service Users
Authors: Gault Iris , Pelle Julia , Chambers Mary 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo co‐produce consensus on the key issues important in educating mental health‐care professionals to optimize mental health medication adherence in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) groups.ObjectivesTo identify perceptions of factors enabling or disabling medication adherence. To achieve consensus on content and delivery of an educational intervention for mental health‐care professionals.MethodsData were collected from 2016 to 2018. Using individual interviews and a consensus workshop with carers and service users (SUs treated under the 1983 Mental Health Act 1983/revised 2007 for England and Wales), the experience of taking prescribed mental health medication and perspectives on adherence were explored. Data were analysed using 2‐stage qualitative coding via the software tool NVivo version 11 to analyse transcribed data and to produce the main explanatory categories.ResultsSU and carer participants' perspectives substantially altered the original research design. The need to educate students rather than trained professionals was emphasized, and they suggested that educational content should be packaged in a contemporary manner (a virtual reality experience). Findings indicated that education should focus upon understanding the impact of taking prescribed antipsychotic medication on both SUs and carers.DiscussionThe importance of effective communication between health professionals, SUs and carers and a willingness to learn about and appreciate how BAME culture influences perception of mental illness and mental well‐being were highlighted.ConclusionIn working co‐productively, researchers need to be flexible and adaptable to change.
Psychological hardiness predicts successful selection in a law enforcement special operations assessment and selection course
Authors: Soccorso Cara N. , Picano James J. , Moncata Samuel J. , Miller Caroline D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe studied the predictive effects of psychological hardiness on successful selection in a United States federal tactical law enforcement assessment and selection (A&S) program. Seventy‐one male experienced law enforcement personnel participated in a week‐long, physically and psychologically rigorous A&S course. Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS‐15) Total Hardiness scores predicted selection in this select sample. Age and cognitive ability moderated the predictive effects of psychological hardiness such that hardiness predicted selection in younger candidates and candidates with higher cognitive ability. Similar findings were obtained for DRS Commitment. DRS‐15 Control facet also differentiated selection in this sample but the predictive effects did not hold when age and cognitive ability were controlled. Findings extend the application of the DRS‐15 to law enforcement personnel selection and highlight the importance of examining moderating effects of psychological hardiness.
Roles of cell migration and invasion mediated by Twist in endometriosis
Authors: Li Juanqing , Ma Junyan , Fei Xiangwei , Zhang Tao , Zhou Jianhong , Lin Jun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the roles of cell migration and invasion mediated by Twist in endometriosis.MethodsThe protein levels and locations of Twist, N‐cadherin and E‐cadherin were measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium of ovarian endometriosis as well as normal endometrium of nonendometriosis patients. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of Twist, N‐cadherin and E‐cadherin in these tissues were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Stable overexpression of Twist in eutopic endometrial stromal cells was transfected with a plasmid‐mediated delivery system. The protein and mRNA expressions of N‐cadherin and E‐cadherin were detected by western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The changes of migration and invasion of endometrial stromal cells were explored by transwell.ResultsLevels of protein and mRNA of Twist and N‐cadherin showed the highest expression in ectopic endometrium of ovarian endometriosis, while lowest in normal endometrium of nonendometriosis patients. On the contrary, the expression of E‐cadherin showed highest in normal endometrium of nonendometriosis patients. The overexpression of Twist after transfection significantly upregulated the protein and mRNA expression of N‐cadherin, while downregulated the protein and mRNA expression of E‐cadherin. There is significant difference between groups. For transwell, the overexpression of Twist in eutopic endometrial stromal cell significantly promoted cell migration and invasion.ConclusionTwist might be related with the increase of migration and invasion in endometrial stromal cells, mediated by epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition.
Subclinical atherosclerosis and its progression are modulated by PLIN2 through a feed‐forward loop between LXR and autophagy
Authors: Saliba‐Gustafsson P. , Pedrelli M. , Gertow K. , Werngren O. , Janas V. , Pourteymour S. , Baldassarre D. , Tremoli E. , Veglia F. , Rauramaa R. , Smit A.J. , Giral P. , Kurl S. , Pirro M. , de Faire U. , Humphries S.E. , Hamsten A. ,   the IMPROVE Study Group, Gonçalves I. , Orho‐Melander M. , Franco‐Cereceda A. , Borén J. , Eriksson P. , Magné J. , Parini P. , Ehrenborg E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHyperlipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of both myocardial infarction and stroke. We have previously shown that the Pro251 variant of perilipin‐2 reduces plasma triglycerides and may therefore be beneficial to reduce atherosclerosis development.ObjectiveWe sought to delineate putative beneficial effects of the Pro251 variant of perlipin‐2 on subclinical atherosclerosis and the mechanism by which it acts.MethodsA pan‐European cohort of high‐risk individuals where carotid intima‐media thickness has been assessed was adopted. Human primary monocyte‐derived macrophages were prepared from whole blood from individuals recruited by perilipin‐2 genotype or from buffy coats from the Karolinska University hospital blood central.ResultsThe Pro251 variant of perilipin‐2 is associated with decreased intima‐media thickness at baseline and over 30 months of follow‐up. Using human primary monocyte‐derived macrophages from carriers of the beneficial Pro251 variant, we show that this variant increases autophagy activity, cholesterol efflux and a controlled inflammatory response. Through extensive mechanistic studies, we demonstrate that increase in autophagy activity is accompanied with an increase in liver‐X‐receptor (LXR) activity and that LXR and autophagy reciprocally activate each other in a feed‐forward loop, regulated by CYP27A1 and 27OH‐cholesterol.ConclusionsFor the first time, we show that perilipin‐2 affects susceptibility to human atherosclerosis through activation of autophagy and stimulation of cholesterol efflux. We demonstrate that perilipin‐2 modulates levels of the LXR ligand 27OH‐cholesterol and initiates a feed‐forward loop where LXR and autophagy reciprocally activate each other; the mechanism by which perilipin‐2 exerts its beneficial effects on subclinical atherosclerosis.
The microstructural, melting, rheological, and sensorial properties of high‐overrun frozen desserts
Authors: VanWees Samantha R. , Rankin Scott A. , Hartel Richard W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAir incorporated during dynamic freezing influences the development of the microstructure and the final texture of frozen desserts. Frozen desserts were manufactured with 100–175% overrun from a constant ice cream mix formulation. Microstructural elements (fat, air, and ice phases) of the frozen desserts were then investigated and related to the melting, rheological, and sensory properties of the product. Mean ice crystal and air cell size were found to decrease with increasing overrun, and the extent of fat destabilization increased. Frozen desserts manufactured with higher overrun had slower drip‐through rate and better shape retention after melting at ambient conditions, demonstrating that fat destabilization and the interplay of fat, air, and serum phases affect the melting behavior. Structural elements also influenced the rheological behavior, as measured by oscillatory thermo‐rheometry. Frozen desserts had similar rheological properties at temperatures below the freezing point due to the presence of ice, and the values of G′ and G″ (solid‐like and viscous‐like character, respectively) increased with increasing overrun above the freezing point, corresponding to a more solid‐like structure. Slight differences in sensory denseness and breakdown were detected, but sensory texture was not significantly different for the frozen desserts studied. This study provided insights into the role of air in ice cream and frozen desserts, and its influence on product texture.
What are natural concepts? A design perspective
Authors: Douven Igor , Gärdenfors Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractConceptual spaces have become an increasingly popular modeling tool in cognitive psychology. The core idea of the conceptual spaces approach is that concepts can be represented as regions in similarity spaces. While it is generally acknowledged that not every region in such a space represents a natural concept, it is still an open question what distinguishes those regions that represent natural concepts from those that do not. The central claim of this paper is that natural concepts are represented by the cells of an optimally designed similarity space.
Nurses’ application of the components of family nursing conversations in home health care: a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Broekema Susanne , Paans Wolter , Roodbol Petrie F. , Luttik Marie Louise A. 
Published: June 2019

AimThe purpose of this study was to describe how nurses apply the components of family nursing conversations in their home healthcare practice.MethodA qualitative content analysis with a deductive approach was conducted. Home healthcare nurses conducted family nursing conversations with families from their practice. Families were selected based on three nursing diagnoses: risk of caregiver role strain, caregiver role strain or interrupted family processes. Nurses audio‐recorded each conversation and completed a written reflection form afterwards. Transcripts of the audio‐recorded conversations were analysed in Atlas.ti 8.0 to come to descriptions of how nurses applied each component. Nurses’ reflections on their application were integrated in the descriptions.ResultsA total of 17 conversations were audio‐recorded. The application of each component was described as well as nurses’ reflections on their application. Nurses altered or omitted components due to their clinical judgment of families’ needs in specific situations, due to needs for adjustment of components in the transfer from theory to practice or due to limited skill or self‐confidence.ConclusionAll of the components were applied in a cohesive manner. Nurses’ application of the components demonstrates that clinical judgment is important in applying them. Further training or experience may be required to optimise nurses’ skill and self‐confidence in applying the components. This study demonstrates the applicability of the family nursing conversations components in home health care, allowing exploration of the working mechanisms and benefits of family nursing conversations for families involved in long‐term caregiving in future studies.
Resilience, life satisfaction, care burden and social support of mothers with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a comparative study
Authors: Baran Gülbeyaz , Arda Sürücü Hamdiye , Hülya Üzel Veysiye 
Published: June 2019

The study aimed to make comparison between the resilience, life satisfaction, care burden and social support of mothers with a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and those with a healthy child. The study was carried out using the comparative and descriptive methods, and the study group included mothers with ALL children hospitalised in the Paediatric Haematology Clinic of a university hospital (n = 51) and those with healthy children who applied to a family health centre (n = 53). While collecting the data, Personal Information Form, Resilience Scale for Adults, Life Satisfaction Scale, Zarit Care Burden Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale were used. The data were statistically analysed using the SPSS program, percentages, mean scores, standard deviations, Mann–Whitney U test and pearson correlation. For the comparison of the personal information about the mothers with ALL children and about those with healthy children, chi‐square or student t test for independent groups depending on the data set was used. When the mothers with ALL children were compared with those with healthy children, it was found that the methods with ALL children had statistically lower mean scores for life satisfaction (13.92 ± 6.26, p < 0.001) and resilience (17.90 ± 7.09, p < 0.001) and statistically higher mean scores for care burden (42.23 ± 16.54, p < 0.05). In this study, when the mothers of ALL children were compared with those of healthy children, it was found that the former had lower levels of resilience and life satisfaction and higher levels of care burden.
Mental health in medical students: time to act
Authors: Awad Fady , Awad Mina , Mattick Karen , Dieppe Paul 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundMental health problems are prevalent amongst medical students. However, many students delay seeking medical help or support from the medical school for a variety of reasons, including a fear of facing fitness to practice proceedings. Tackling this problem of awareness and delayed presentation will need a strong and dedicated focus at all stages, with prevention being of great importance.MethodsA conference dedicated to mental health and well‐being was organised for students of all years. The first part of the conference centred on well‐being dilemmas and the second part focused on discussing important issues in small group sessions.ResultsStudents were divided into eight groups and each group suggested improvements to the course that they felt would improve mental health and well‐being. The main suggestions raised were: reassurance that the disclosure of mental health problems would not automatically result in fitness to practice proceedings; separate academic and pastoral roles of tutors; open up the topic of mental health and well‐being more frequently during the programme; improve knowledge about the availability of support services; and have mentors who are at an earlier stage in postgraduate training (e.g. junior doctors).DiscussionIt is necessary to tackle the prevalent myths about this topic. Many students are unaware of the support services available. This conference has therefore sought to increase awareness of the topic. An approach is also now needed to identify those who need extra help. The authors strongly advocate opening up this topic throughout the course in the context of a dedicated conference, for example.Many students are unaware of the support services availableThe authors strongly advocate opening up this topic throughout the course in the context of a dedicated conference …
Bovine leptospirosis in abattoirs in Uganda: Molecular detection and risk of exposure among workers
Authors: Alinaitwe Lordrick , Kankya Clovice , Allan Kathryn J. , Rodriguez‐Campos Sabrina , Torgerson Paul , Dreyfus Anou 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLeptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease reported worldwide. In Uganda, seropositivity has been reported in both humans and domesticated animals, including cattle. However, it remains unknown whether cattle are shedding leptospires and thus acting as potential source for human leptospirosis. We conducted this cross‐sectional study in two cattle abattoirs in Kampala, Uganda between June and July 2017. Kidney and urine samples from 500 cattle sourced from across the country were analysed by real‐time PCR to establish the prevalence of Leptospira‐positive cattle and risk of exposure to abattoir workers. The species of infecting Leptospira was determined by amplification of secY gene and compared to reference sequences published in GenBank. Of 500 cattle tested, 36 (7.2%) had Leptospira DNA in their kidneys (carriers), 29 (5.8%) in their urine (shedders); with an overall prevalence (kidney and/or urine) of 8.8%. Leptospira borgpetersenii was confirmed as the infecting species in three cattle and Leptospira kirschneri in one animal. Male versus female cattle (OR = 3, p‐value 0.003), exotic versus local breeds (OR = 21.3, p‐value 0.002) or cattle from Western Uganda (OR = 4.4, p‐value 0.001) and from regions across the border (OR = 3.3, p‐value 0.032) versus from the central region were more likely to be Leptospira‐positive. The daily risk of exposure of abattoir workers to ≥1 (kidney and/or urine) positive carcass ranged from 27% (95% credibility interval 18.6–52.3) to 100% (95% CI 91.0–100.0), with halal butchers and pluck inspectors being at highest risk. In conclusion, cattle slaughtered at abattoirs in Uganda carry and shed pathogenic Leptospira species; and this may pose occupation‐related risk of exposure among workers in these abattoirs, with workers who handle larger numbers of animals being at higher risk.
Design
and Analysis of a Multimodal Grasper Having Shape Conformity and Within-Hand Manipulation With
Adjustable Contact Forces
Authors: Govindan Nagamanikandan , Thondiyath Asokan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the design, analysis, and testing of a novel multimodal grasper having the capabilities of shape conformation, within-hand manipulation, and a built-in compact mechanism to vary the forces at the contact surface. The proposed grasper has two important qualities: versatility and less complexity. The former refers to the ability to grasp a range of objects having different geometrical shape, size, and payload and perform in-hand manipulations such as rolling and sliding, and the latter refers to the uncomplicated design, and ease of planning and control strategies. Increasing the number of functions performed by the grasper to adapt to a variety of tasks in structured and unstructured environments without increasing the mechanical complexity is the main interest of this research. The proposed grasper consists of two hybrid jaws having a rigid inner structure encompassed by a flexible, active gripping surface. The flexibility of the active surface has been exploited to achieve shape conformation, and the same has been utilized with a compact mechanism, introduced in the jaws, to vary the contact forces while grasping and manipulating an object. Simple and scalable structure, compactness, low cost, and simple control scheme are the main features of the proposed design. Detailed kinematic and static analysis are presented to show the capability of the grasper to adjust and estimate the contact forces without using a force sensor. Experiments are conducted on the fabricated prototype to validate the different modes of operation and to evaluate the advantages of the proposed concept.
Condensation Heat Transfer and Flow Properties of R134a Refrigerant in Rectangular Minichannel: A Numerical Study
Authors: Li Wei , Lyu Di , Zhang Jingzhi , Sherif S. A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study numerically investigated the condensation heat transfer and flow characteristics of refrigerant R134a in a rectangular minichannel. Three-dimensional simulations were carried out at different mass fluxes, vapor qualities, and gravity conditions using the volume-of-fluid (VOF) model, a turbulence model, and a phase transition model. The effects of various parameters on the surface heat transfer coefficient and the frictional pressure gradient are investigated. The condensation process was found to be enhanced due to the increase of vapor quality and mass flow rate, while the frictional pressure gradient was found to decrease with the decrease of vapor quality and mass flow rate. Simulation results revealed that the liquid film tends to accumulate along the corner of the cross section of the minichannel. Furthermore, the thickness of the liquid film was found to increase with the decrease of mass flux and vapor quality.