bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Chlorinated Arenes and Hetarenes by One-Pot Cyclizations of 1,3-Bis-silyl Enol Ethers
Authors: Langer Peter , Hassan Zahid 
Published: January 2019

This account describes our recent findings and progress in synthesizing chlorinated arenes and hetarenes by one-pot cyclizations of 1,3-bis-silyl enol ether derivatives. These reactions allow for the preparation of highly functionalized products with a high level of regioselectivity. The synthetic routes are cost-effective avoiding additional functionalization steps. The products are difficult to be accessed by other methods. The chlorine atom is of relevance in medicinal and agriculture chemistry. In addition, it allows further functionalizations by transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.1	Introduction2	Cyclizations of 2-Chloro-1,3-bis(silyloxy)-1,3-butadienes2.1	3,5-Dihydroxychlorophthalates2.2	2,4-Dihydroxy-homochlorophthalates2.3	2-(Arylsulfonyl)chloropyridines2.4	1-Azaxanthones3	Cyclizations of 4-Chloro-1,3-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadienes3.1	3-Chlorosalicylates3.2	Functionalized Chlorobiaryls3.3	3-Chloro-5-(2-chloroethyl)-salicylates3.4	2,4-Dihydroxychlorobenzophenones4	Cyclizations of 2-Chloro-3-(silyloxy)-2-en-1-ones4.1	Functionalized Chlorophenols4.2	Functionalized Chlorinated Biaryls and Chlorofluorenones4.3	Functionalized Chlorochromenones4.4	Functionalized 3-(Methylthio)chlorophenols4.5	Functionalized 3-Chloromethylphenols5	Conclusions6	List of Abbreviations
Self-Immolative Prodrugs: Effective Tools for the Controlled Release of Sulfur Signaling Species
Authors: Matson John , Dillon Kearsley , Powell Chadwick 
Published: January 2019

H2S, persulfides (R–SSH), and related sulfur species have recently received attention due to the pronounced physiological effects they elicit. Delivering sulfur signaling molecules in a controlled manner presents many challenges, as many available donors have short half-lives, lack water solubility, and exhibit poor trigger specificity. Self-immolative prodrugs provide a unique ability to impart stability to H2S precursors and persulfides while allowing for trigger specificity by tuning the functional group installed on the self-immolative linker. This strategy has proven successful in delivering sulfur signaling species under specific conditions and may lead to the further elucidation of persulfide interactions within biological systems, affording effective therapeutics.1	Introduction2	Currently Available Persulfide Donors3	BDP-NAC: An ROS-Responsive Persulfide Prodrug4	Conclusion
Alkyne-Forming Furan Fragmentation: A General Method to Convert Furans into Alkynoic Acids
Authors: Gui Jinghan , Deng Jiachen 
Published: January 2019

Furans are readily available and highly reactive heterocycles that serve as versatile four-carbon synthons in organic synthesis. Recently, we discovered that furans, upon oxidation with singlet oxygen, can be transformed into alkynes via dual C–C double-bond cleavage. This Synpacts article presents an overview of the historical context and the development of this furan fragmentation reaction. We also discuss its application in natural product synthesis and a plausible reaction mechanism.1	Introduction2	Background of Alkyne-Forming Furan Fragmentation3	Reaction Development4	Conclusion
Quantitative Radiographic Evaluation of Elbow Incongruity in Labrador and Golden Retrievers with Confirmed Medial Coronoid Disease
Authors: Mostafa Ayman , Nolte Ingo , Wefstaedt Patrick 
Published: January 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study was to objectively estimate humeroradial (HR), humeroulnar (HU) and radioulnar (RU) congruity on mediolateral elbow radiographs of Labrador and Golden Retrievers without and with medial coronoid disease (MCD), and to determine the correlation between traditional and modified RU-step assessment techniques.
Materials and Methods Extended mediolateral elbow radiographs of Labrador and Golden Retrievers without MCD (control group) and with confirmed MCD (diseased group) were investigated. Absolute and average HR and HU distances were determined and standardized by the radius of the corresponding humeral condyle. Traditional RU-step was measured, and a modified procedure of RU-step assessment was generated. The correlation between the two RU-step assessment procedures was tested.
Results A total of 131 (197 elbows) Labrador and Golden Retrievers met the criteria for inclusion in the control and diseased groups. The normalized HR and HU distances increased significantly (p ≤ 0.002) in dogs with MCD. There was a significant increase (p < 0.0001) in the traditional and modified RU-step in dogs with MCD. A significant correlation (r
s = 0.74, p < 0.0001) was identified between traditional and modified RU-step calculated for control and diseased elbows.
Clinical Relevance Dogs with confirmed MCD had quantitative radiographic evidences of elbow incongruity. Modified RU-step procedure may be an alternative to the traditional technique and can be utilized during routine quantification of HR and HU congruity. Validation of the reported measurements is, however, warranted.
Statewide Clinic Registries: The Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative
Authors: Regenbogen Scott , Nikolian Vahagn 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRegional clinical registries provide a unique opportunity for shared learning and population-based analyses of the quality of surgical care. Through the “Michigan Model” of pay for participation in strategic Value Partnerships, exemplified by the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative (MSQC), the state's dominant private insurer, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, has sponsored 20 statewide clinical quality improvement collaboratives. MSQC represents a partnership among 73 Michigan hospitals with a robust data infrastructure and flexible platform for the promulgation of best practices in surgical quality improvement. This article will describe the organizational structure of the MSQC, the contributions the registry has made to quality improvement in colorectal surgery, and how future work will align to improve the reliability of improvement-relevant registry data.
Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) to Perform Clinical Research in Colon and Rectal Surgery
Authors: Stringfield Sarah , Holubar Stefan , Eisenstein Samuel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (ACS-NSQIP) is probably the most well-known surgical database in North American and worldwide. This clinical database was first proposed by Dr. Clifford Ko, a colorectal surgeon, to the ACS, and NSQIP first started collecting data ca. 2005 with the intent of comparing hospitals (benchmarking) and for hospital-level quality improvement projects. Since then, its popularity has grown from just a few participating hospitals in the United States to more than 708 participating hospitals worldwide, and collaboration allows regional or disease-specific data sharing. Importantly, from a methodological perspective, as the number of hospitals has grown so has the hospital heterogeneity and thus generalizability of the results and conclusions of the individual studies. In this article, we will first briefly present the structure of the database (aka the Participant User File) and other important methodological considerations specific to performing clinical research. We will then briefly review and summarize the approximately 60 published colectomy articles and 30 published articles on proctectomy. We will conclude with future directions relevant to colorectal clinical research.
Copper Bead Therapy in Severe Bone Infection: A Rabbit Tibial Model
Authors: Vlase Ene , Barbuceanu Florica , Turcu Danut , Coman Mariana , Badulescu Marius , Oporanu Mariana , Coman Cristin , Surdu-Bob Carmen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Objective We investigated the benefits of a local preventive therapy based on copper beads against severe bone infection using a rabbit open tibial fracture model.
Materials and Methods Cotton mesh balls soaked in a very high concentration of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 culture were inoculated in drilled holes of the tibiae of treated and control groups. The treated group was also implanted with small copper beads simultaneously, as prevention therapy.
Results Survival rate in the treated group was 67% compared with 25% in the control group (difference 40%, for a 95% confidence interval: 40%, 93.4%). The few remaining animals in the control group had bone lesions which developed into osteomyelitis, while the tibiae of treated group had clear signs of reparatory processes. Sixty days after inoculation, signs of local-only toxicity were observed in healthy tibia of a separate non-infected control group. Drawbacks of copper toxicity were weighed against the threat of septicaemia and also against prolonged use of powerful systemic antibiotic medications in severe bone contamination.
Cinical Significance It was found that the proposed therapy prevented septicaemia and the spread of infection, and it also induced reparatory processes. The findings of this study may be relevant in antisepsis of open fractures in less appropriate medical settings (such as military camps or remote locations), as well as in severe bone infections.
Effects of Hole Diameter on Torsional Mechanical Properties of the Rabbit Femur
Authors: Massie Anna , Garcia Tanya , Guzman David , Chou Po-Yen , Stover Susan , Kapatkin Amy 
Published: January 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of three clinically applicable screw hole diameters on rabbit femoral torsional structural properties.
Sample Eighteen pairs of skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbit femora (36 bones).
Materials and Methods Femora with a bicortical hole at mid-diaphysis from one of the 3-drill bit sizes, 1.1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, and intact bones were studied. Each bone was bi-axially loaded in a servo-hydraulic load frame with the bone positioned so the neutral axis of torsion was aligned with the centre of the bone diaphysis. Axial compression to 35% body weight was applied to represent compression at stance, and rapid external torsion was applied to failure. Torque and angular deformation data were plotted for each test, with pre-yield and post-yield stiffnesses derived. Yield and failure torques and angles were determined, along with calculated yield, failure and post-yield energies.
Results Failure torque was reduced compared with that of intact bone; weakened by 37% in 1.1-mm hole models, 53% in 1.5-mm hole models and 65% in 2.0-mm hole models. The torque angular deformation curves lacked plastic deformation.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance This study demonstrates the unique, brittle biomechanics of rabbit bone. Based on data from other species that strength loss of no more than 50% is acceptable when placing orthopaedic implants, no defect greater than 1.1 mm (15% bone diameter) is recommended in rabbit femora.
Biomechanical Comparison of Two Locking Plate Constructs Under Cyclic Loading in Four-Point Bending in a Fracture Gap Model: Two Screws versus Three Screws Per Fragment
Authors: Palierne Sophie , Froidefond Baptiste , Swider Pascal , Autefage André 
Published: January 2019

Objectives The number of locking screws required per fragment during bridging osteosynthesis has not been fully determined in the dog. The purpose of this study was to assess the survival of two constructs, with either two or three screws per fragment, under cyclic bending.
Methods A 10-hole, 3.5-mm stainless steel locking compression plate was fixed 1 mm away from a bone surrogate in which the fracture gap was 47 mm. Two groups of 10 constructs, prepared with either two or three bicortical locking screws placed at the extremities of each fragment, were tested in a load-controlled 4-point bending test (range 0.7 to + 7 Nm) until failure.
Results The 3-screw constructs were stiffer than the 2-screw constructs (19.73 ± 0.68 N/mm vs. 15.52 ± 0.51 N/mm respectively) and the interfragmentary relative displacements were higher for the 2-screw constructs (11.17 ± 0.88%) than for the 3-screw constructs (8.00 ± 0.45%). The difference between the number of cycles to failure for the 3-screw constructs (162,448 ± 30,073 cycles) and the 2-screw constructs (143,786 ± 10,103 cycles) was not significant. Failure in all constructs was due to plate fracture at the level of the compression holes.
Clinical Significance Omission of the third innermost locking screw during bridging osteosynthesis subjected to bending forces led to a 20% reduction in construct stiffness and increased relative displacement (+39.6%) but did not change fatigue life.
Prospective Evaluation of Surgical Wound Dressings and the Incidence of Surgical Site Infections in Dogs Undergoing a Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy
Authors: Aktay Sevima , Giannetto Jessica 
Published: January 2019

Objective The main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a topical 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (2OC) tissue adhesive and an adhesive barrier dressing (BD) in minimizing the incidence of surgical site infections (SSI) in dogs undergoing a tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO).
Materials and Methods In a prospective clinical study, 437 client-owned dogs undergoing a TPLO as treatment for cranial cruciate ligament disease with or without concurrent patellar luxations from July 2015 to September 2016 were included. In each dog, the type of postoperative wound dressing was randomly selected as either no dressing (ND), a 2OC tissue adhesive or an adhesive BD. Direct examination by a veterinarian was performed at 14, 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively. If dogs did not return for direct examination, owners were contacted with a questionnaire for the final follow-up of at least 90 days.
Results The overall rate of SSI was 2.3% (10/437). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius was the most common bacteria isolated in 9/10 cases. Infection was confirmed in 2.76% (4/145) of dogs with ND, 2.01% (3/149) of dogs with 2OC and 2.10% (3/143) of dogs with BD. Of the dogs that developed an SSI, type of dressing was not a significant risk factor (p = 0.5305) for infection. Increasing body weight was the only significant risk factor that increased the risk of overall infection (odds ratio = 1.03 [95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.05]).
Clinical Significance In dogs undergoing a TPLO, there may be no clear benefit in the usage of postoperative wound dressings for the prevention of SSI. Increasing body weight was the only significant factor associated with the development of an SSI.
Tracheobronchomalacia and Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse: Medical and Surgical Treatment
Authors: Kheir Fayez , Majid Adnan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExcessive central airway collapse (ECAC) is characterized by excessive narrowing of the airway lumen during exhalation leading to dyspnea, cough, mucostasis, recurrent respiratory infections, and poor quality of life. Tracheobronchomalacia and excessive dynamic airway collapse are heterogeneous entities of ECAC and are characterized by a diverse nonspecific symptom profile. Although the pathophysiology of airway mechanics as well as morphology in both entities is different, current evidence so far shows no practical benefit in making such distinction since both have similar symptoms and the diagnostic and therapeutic work-ups are the same. The diagnosis of ECAC should be based on dynamic flexible bronchoscopy and/or dynamic computed tomography scan as well as clinical symptoms that are not fully explained by other lung diseases. Initial treatment of symptomatic ECAC includes treatment of coexisting conditions (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and vocal cord dysfunction) and supportive treatment of dynamic central airway collapse (antibiotics for respiratory infections, aggressive therapy, pulmonary physiotherapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and continuous positive airway pressure). A short-term stent trial in selected patients with severe symptomatic ECAC is needed to assess whether patients will have improvement in symptoms and thus identify patients who will benefit from surgical central airway stabilization. A multidisciplinary airway team in highly specialized centers with experience in the evaluation and treatment of this patient population is essential for optimal outcomes.
Bilateral Pulmonary Artery Banding before Norwood Procedure: Survival of High-Risk Patients
Authors: Schulz Antonia , Sinzobahamvya Nicodème , Cho Mi-Young , Böttcher Wolfgang , Miera Oliver , Redlin Mathias , Ovroutski Stanislav , Photiadis Joachim 
Published: January 2019

Background This study reports midterm results of high-risk patients with hypoplastic left ventricle treated with initial bilateral pulmonary artery banding (PAB) before secondary Norwood procedure (NP).
Methods Retrospective study of 17 patients admitted between July 2012 and February 2017 who underwent this treatment strategy because diagnosis or clinical status was associated with high risk for NP. Survival was compared with that of patients who underwent primary NP.
Results Mean Aristotle comprehensive complexity score for NP would have been 19.7 ± 2.6. Risk factors included obstructed pulmonary venous return (n = 9), body weight < 2.5 kg (n = 7), total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (n = 3), and necrotizing enterocolitis (n = 1). Ten patients had a score ≥ 19.5. Early survival after PAB was 82.4% (14/17). NP was performed in 14 patients after improvement of clinical condition at a median age of 56 days and a weight ≥2,500 g. There was no 30-day mortality, but one interstage death. One patient died later after Glenn operation. One-year survival after primary PAB followed by NP was 70.6 ± 11.1%. During the same period, 35 patients with overall lower risk factors underwent primary NP; early postoperative survival and 1-year survival were 88.6 ± 5.4% and 68.6 ± 7.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between the two groups (p = 0.83) despite higher risk in the secondary Norwood group (p <0.0001).
Conclusions PAB before NP in high-risk patients constituted salvage management. Primary PAB provided enough time for stabilization and control of most risk factors. It allowed midterm survival equivalent to the survival after primary NP in lower risk neonates.
Gene Variants in NKX2-1 Do Not Represent a Major Etiological Factor of Primary Congenital Hypothyroidism in Mexican Population
Authors: González-del Angel Ariadna , Fernández-Hernández Liliana , Sánchez-Verdiguel Iraís , González-Núñez Aidy , Martínez-Cruz Víctor , Sánchez Carmen , Moreno-Rojas Rosario , Alcántara-Ortigoza Miguel Angel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCongenital hypothyroidism (CH), attributable to thyroid dysgenesis (TD), has an unusually high prevalence in Mexican population but the causes are unknown. NKX2-1, as a candidate gene, was subjected to automated Sanger sequencing in 122 unrelated Mexican patients with CH/TD. Although this study includes the largest number of TD-related CH patients in whom NKX2-1 has been analyzed, no pathogenic variants were detected; only three benign polymorphic changes were identified. These results suggest that NKX2-1 is not a major contributor to the etiology of CH or its high prevalence in Mexicans. Our work identifies misannotations of NKX2-1 variants in three previous published reports.
Brain Aneurysms in the Pediatric Population of Slovenia: A Case Series
Authors: Ilovar Saša , Benedik Mirjana , Vesnaver Tina , Osredkar Damjan 
Published: January 2019

Background Brain aneurysms are rare in the pediatric population. The diagnosis of a brain aneurysm in a child may be difficult because of its infrequency and often subtle or nonspecific clinical presentation. Endovascular therapy and microsurgical treatment are increasingly used approaches in treating children, possibly contributing to favorable outcomes if patients are treated in a timely manner.
Objective We were interested in the clinical presentation, symptoms, diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up of pediatric patients with brain aneurysms in Slovenia.
Methods This was a retrospective review of medical documentation of children with intracranial aneurysms treated at the University Children's Hospital in Ljubljana, Slovenia, from January 1998 to December 2017.
Results We identified a cohort of eight children (median age: 14.9 years; range: 2.8–17.7). The estimated incidence of pediatric brain aneurysms in Slovenia is 0.12/100,000 children per year. We observed a male predominance (1.7:1). Half of the patients presented with acute onset of neurologic symptoms and three with subarachnoid hemorrhage. One of the patients had a related stroke. The presenting symptoms were tonic–clonic seizures, hemiparesis, paresthesias, speech disturbance, and cranial nerve palsy. The other half of aneurysms were identified incidentally. Five patients had anterior circulation aneurysms; the most prevalent location was the internal carotid artery. One patient was treated with surgical procedures, four patients were treated with endovascular procedures, and three patients were treated conservatively. Outcome was excellent in all patients.
Conclusion Endovascular interventions and microsurgical procedures appear to be safe and effective in the treatment of brain aneurysms in the pediatric population. Asymptomatic patients with brain aneurysms need close follow-up.
Lung Nodule Management: An Interventional Pulmonology Perspective
Authors: Kurman Jonathan , Mahajan Amit , Hogarth D. , Chaddha Udit 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWith the rising number of screening and incidentally detected lung nodules, there is an increasing need for evaluation in the safest and least invasive manner. The last two decades have seen substantial evolution in bronchoscopic approaches to diagnose these nodules. Innovative bronchoscopic techniques, often used in conjunction with each other, have significantly improved our ability to navigate to almost any part of the lung. A comprehensive knowledge of available technologies and the factors affecting diagnostic yield is essential to decide on the best way to approach a particular scenario. This article provides an overview of the technical aspects, yield, and limitations of these modalities.