bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating nutrient release from parental carcasses increases the growth, biomass and genetic diversity of juvenile Atlantic salmon
Authors: McLennan Darryl , Auer Sonya K. , Anderson Graeme J. , Reid Thomas C. , Bassar Ronald D. , Stewart David C. , Cauwelier Eef , Sampayo James , McKelvey Simon , Nislow Keith H. , Armstrong John D. , Metcalfe Neil B. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

The net transport of nutrients by migratory fish from oceans to inland spawning areas has decreased due to population declines and migration barriers. Restoration of nutrients to increasingly oligotrophic upland streams (that were historically salmon spawning areas) have shown short‐term benefits for juvenile salmon, but the longer term consequences are little known.

Here we simulated the deposition of a small number of adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar carcasses at the end of the spawning period in five Scottish upland streams (‘high parental nutrient’ treatment), while leaving five reference streams without carcasses (‘low parental nutrient’ treatment). All streams received exactly the same number of salmon eggs (n = 3,000) drawn in equal number from the same 30 wild‐origin families, thereby controlling for initial egg density and genetic composition. We then monitored the resulting juvenile salmon and their macroinvertebrate prey, repeating the carcass addition treatment in the next spawning season.

Macroinvertebrate biomass and abundance were five times higher in the high parental nutrient streams, even 1 year after the carcass addition, and led to faster growth of juvenile salmon over the next 2 years (but with no change in population density). This faster growth led to more fish exceeding the size threshold that would trigger emigration to sea at 2 rather than 3 years of age. There was also higher genetic diversity among surviving salmon in high parental nutrient streams; genotyping showed that these effects were not due to immigration but to differential survival.

Synthesis and applications. This 2‐year field experiment shows that adding nutrients that simulate the presence of small numbers of adult salmon carcasses can have long‐term effects on the growth rate of juvenile salmon, likely increasing the number that will migrate to sea early and also increasing their genetic diversity. However, the feasibility of adding nutrients to spawning streams as a management tool to boost salmon populations will depend on whether the benefits at this stage are maintained over the entire life cycle.
‘I am Burj Khalifa’: Entrepreneurial Urbanism, Toponymic Commodification and the Worlding of Dubai
Authors: Sotoudehnia Maral , Rose‐Redwood Reuben 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study explores the cultural politics of renaming the world's tallest building, the Burj Dubai/Khalifa, as a practice of entrepreneurial urbanism. The Burj offers a unique case study that brings urban scholarship on ‘worlding’ into conversation with emerging debates over the commodification of naming rights within critical toponymic studies. We draw upon archival materials and semi‐structured interviews to demonstrate in this article how the spatial politics enacted through the construction of the Burj and the tower's subsequent name change have played a significant role in Dubai's efforts to achieve ‘global city’ status. In doing so, we extend our understanding of the performative power of spatial inscription in reshaping the geographical imaginaries of ‘global’ urbanity.
Characterization and Removal of Buddy Off‐Flavor in Maple Syrup
Authors: Camara Mariane , Cournoyer Mélissa , Sadiki Mustapha , Martin Nathalie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBuddy maple syrup is characterized by an unpleasant cabbage‐like flavor occurring generally toward the end of the sap harvest season. Occurrence of buddy off‐flavor leads to a decrease in syrup value and economic loss for the industry. It is therefore relevant to characterize the off‐flavor in order to apply corrective treatments. HS‐SPME combined with GC/MS was applied to analyze volatile aroma compounds in buddy maple syrup samples. Two novel volatile sulfur compounds were found in maple syrup: dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and dimethyl trisulfide. A 3‐alternative forced choice in ascending concentration of different buddy syrups diluted in good quality syrup was conducted in triplicate to assess buddy syrup concentration thresholds leading to detection and recognition of the off‐flavor by 16 panelists while monitoring volatile aroma compounds in diluted samples. Results showed that DMDS was associated with the flavor defect. The recognition threshold concentration of buddy syrup varies depending on the syrup sample and the off‐flavor can be detected in syrups containing very low DMDS content. Application of a continuous heat treatment on buddy syrups for 2 hr at 104.5 °C led to a removal of the buddy off‐flavor as well as a significant reduction in DMDS content.Practical ApplicationThe results of this study provide a better understanding of the buddy off‐flavor in maple syrup and the heat treatment applied allowed us to eliminate this defect and obtain a syrup with a better sensory quality.
Effect of Thymol and Carvacrol Encapsulated in Hp‐Β‐Cyclodextrin by Two Inclusion Methods against Geotrichum citri‐aurantii
Authors: Serna‐Escolano Vicente , Serrano María , Valero Daniel , Rodríguez‐López María Isabel , Gabaldón José Antonio , Castillo Salvador , Guillén Fabián , Zapata Pedro Javier , Martínez‐Romero Domingo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGeotrichum citri‐aurantii causes sour rot in citrus fruits and is responsible for important economic losses during storage. However, the availability of chemical fungicides for the control of this pathogen is limited. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of thymol and carvacrol encapsulated in 2‐hydroxylpropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin (HP‐β‐CD) (prepared by the microwave irradiation method [MW] and solubility method [S]) for inhibition of G. citri‐aurantii using in vitro bioassays broth (micro and macrodilutions methods) and inoculated food testing. Both encapsulated thymol and carvacrol were shown to be effective for inhibiting G. citri‐aurantii growth in in vitro assays. Thymol was more effective in inhibiting G. citri‐aurantii, while better encapsulation was provided by MW. HP‐β‐CD‐thymol encapsulated by MW (HP‐β‐CD‐thymol‐MW) showed the lowest 50% effective dose (ED50 = 1.16 mM), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC = 5.06 mM), and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC = 52.6 mM). HP‐β‐CD‐thymol‐MW was found highly effective in reducing the growth rate and mycelial growth inhibition. Finally, HP‐β‐CD‐thymol‐MW and HP‐β‐CD‐carvacrol‐MW showed a higher persistent effect than thymol and carvacrol in their natural form in inhibiting this fungus. Therefore, HP‐β‐CD‐thymol‐MW could be a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides for controlling G. citri‐aurantii, the causal agent of citrus sour rot.Practical ApplicationEncapsulated thymol and carvacrol in HP‐β‐Cyclodextrins are effective for controlling G. citri‐aurantii in in vitro experiments. Encapsulation of thymol and carvacrol by microwave irradiation method (MW) was more effective than the solubility (S) method. Thymol was more effective than carvacrol, and the best results on G. citri‐auriantii inhibition were achieved using the HP‐β‐CD‐thymol‐MW method (which gave the lowest ED50, MIC, and MFC).
Development of novel bacterial cellulose composites for the textile and shoe industry
Authors: Fernandes Marta , Gama Miguel , Dourado Fernando , Souto António Pedro 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThis research aimed at producing malleable, breathable and water impermeable bacterial cellulose‐based nanocomposites, by impregnating bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes with two commercial hydrophobic polymers used in textile finishing, Persoftal MS (polydimethylsiloxane) and Baygard EFN (perfluorocarbon), by an exhaustion process. These hydrophobic products penetrated the BC membranes and adsorbed tightly onto the surface of the nanofibres, across the entire depth of the material, as demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy studies. The water static contact angles, drop absorption over time and vapour permeability values showed that the composites were impermeable to liquid water but permeable to water vapour. The mechanical properties of the BC‐nanocomposites were improved after incorporation of the hydrophobic products, in some of the formulations tested, overall presenting a satisfactory performance. Thus, through a simple and cost‐effective process, hydrophobized, robust, malleable and breathable nanocomposites based on BC were obtained, featuring promising properties for application in the textile and shoe industries.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of ulceration over tophi in patients with gout
Authors: Huang Zhengping , Liu Xiuqi , Liu Yuqi , Li Guowei , Pan Xia , Huang Zhixiang , Huang Yukai , Huang Qidang , Zheng Shaoling , Li Tianwang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo describe clinical characteristics of ulceration over tophi in patients with gout and determine risk factors associated with ulceration.MethodsPatients presenting with tophi or ulceration(s) over tophi were prospectively recruited and their clinical characteristics were recorded. Comparison of clinical characteristics and risk factors for ulceration were analyzed between groups.ResultsA total of 105 patients were enrolled. Thirty‐three patients with ulcerations were older, with prolonged duration with gout and tophi, a higher rate of obesity, greater numbers of tophi, lower levels of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and higher levels of serum creatinine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C‐reactive protein. The mean duration of ulceration was 1.63 ± 2.32 months. The ulcerations were mainly located in the ankle (34.21%) and metatarsophalangeal joints (39.47%), with a mean size of 32.37 × 22.76 mm. The majority of ulcerations were categorized as stage I (42.4%) and stage II (51.5%). In univariate regression analysis, age, glucocorticoid overuse, gout duration, tophi duration, tophi number and GFR were associated with ulceration. In the multivariable model, significant differences were demonstrated in glucocorticoid overuse, tophi duration, tophi number.ConclusionsGout patients with ulceration(s) over tophi present several different aspects of clinical characteristics compared with those without ulceration. The ulcerations are most commonly seen in feet and they are mainly categorized as stages I and II. Glucocorticoid overuse, prolonged duration with tophi and greater numbers of tophi are risk factors for ulceration over tophi.
Farmer perception and valuation of seed quality: Evidence from bean and cowpea seed auctions in Tanzania and Ghana
Authors: Maredia Mywish K. , Shupp Robert , Opoku Edward , Mishili Fulgence , Reyes Byron , Kusolwa Paul , Kusi Francis , Kudra Abdul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDouble blind field experiments and experimental auctions were conducted with bean and cowpea farmers in Tanzania and Ghana to gauge the relative demand for three types of seed products that differ in price and quality: certified, quality declared, and recycled. Whether the cost differential makes these seeds qualitatively different products as reflected in their perceived performance, and whether that translates into farmers’ willingness to pay price premiums, are the research questions addressed by this study. Results indicate that, all else equal, there were significant differences in the perceived quality of the seed products evaluated. Farmers were willing to pay significantly more for their higher rated seed relative to their lower rated seeds. However, for a majority of farmers the magnitude of the premium they are willing to pay for a higher quality seed is less than the current price differential between certified seed and grain. Research and policy implications of these results for legume seed system are discussed.
Thyroid hormone regulation of neural stem cell fate: From development to ageing
Authors: Gothié Jean‐David , Vancamp Pieter , Demeneix Barbara , Remaud Sylvie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the vertebrate brain, neural stem cells (NSCs) generate both neuronal and glial cells throughout life. However, their neuro‐ and gliogenic capacity changes as a function of the developmental context. Despite the growing body of evidence on the variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating NSC physiology, their precise cellular and molecular actions are not fully determined. Our review focuses on thyroid hormone (TH), a vital component for both development and adult brain function that regulates NSC biology at all stages. First, we review comparative data to analyse how TH modulates neuro‐ and gliogenesis during vertebrate brain development. Second, as the mammalian brain is the most studied, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying TH action in this context. Lastly, we explore how the interplay between TH signalling and cell metabolism governs both neurodevelopmental and adult neurogenesis. We conclude that, together, TH and cellular metabolism regulate optimal brain formation, maturation and function from early foetal life to adult in vertebrate species.
Genome‐wide linkage analysis and whole‐exome sequencing identifies an ITGA2B mutation in a family with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Khoriaty Rami , Ozel Ayse B. , Ramdas Shweta , Ross Charles , Desch Karl , Shavit Jordan A. , Everett Lesley , Siemieniak David , Li Jun Z. , Ginsburg David 
Published: May 2019

SummaryHereditary thrombocytopenias can be subclassified based on mode of inheritance and platelet size. Here we report a family with autosomal dominant (AD) thrombocytopenia with normal platelet size. Linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing identified the R1026W substitution in ITGA2B as the causative defect. The same mutation has been previously reported in 7 Japanese families/patients with AD thrombocytopenia, but all of these patients had macrothrombocytopenia. This is the first report of a family with AD thrombocytopenia with normal platelet size resulting from mutation in ITGA2B. ITGA2B mutations should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis of this latter disorder.
Promiscuous pollinators—Evidence from an Afromontane sunbird–plant pollen transport network
Authors: Nsor Charles A. , Godsoe William , Chapman Hazel M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSunbirds play a major role in the pollination of Old World nectivorous plants. However, with the exception of the Cape Floristic Region there is a major knowledge gap around African nectivore interaction networks—a stark contrast from the abundance of neotropical hummingbird–plant networks. Here, we describe a sunbird pollen transfer network (PTN) which we use in conjunction with a sunbird flower visitation network (FVN) to explore levels of sunbird specialization within an Afromontane forest habitat. Both networks were generalized compared with similar‐sized hummingbird networks, reflecting the wide range of flower types visited, the generalist diet, and bill characteristics of sunbirds. Three sunbird species from the genus Cinnyris accounted for 85% of flower visits and 77% of all pollen transported. Of the 17 plant species across both networks, 15 are predominantly pollinated by insects while Anthonotha noldeae (Fabaceae–Caesalpinioideae) and Globimetula braunii (Loranthaceae) depend on sunbirds for seed set. Sunbird species average bill lengths varied between 14.5 mm (the variable sunbird) and 23.6 mm (the Green‐headed Sunbird), but, while more pollen was carried on longer bills, we found no evidence for a relationship between bill length and type of flower visited. Both networks were nested. Some specialization was observed in both networks although this does not appear to be driven much by sunbird–flower trait matching. Overall, our results suggest that in contrast to nectivores elsewhere, factors such as phenology and/or environment, rather than morphology, may play important roles in limiting potential sunbird–flower interactions and need further investigation.
Enhanced monocyte recruitment and delayed alternative macrophage polarization accompanies impaired repair following myocardial infarction in C57BL/6 compared to BALB/c mice
Authors: Toor I S , Rückerl D , Mair I , Thomson A , Rossi A G , Newby D E , Allen J E , Gray G A 
Published: May 2019

SummaryActivation of the innate immune response following myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for infarct repair. Preclinical models of MI commonly use C57BL/6 mice, which have a type 1-dominant immune response, whereas other mouse strains such as BALB/c mice have a type 2-dominant immune response. We compared C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice to investigate whether predisposition towards a proinflammatory phenotype influences the dynamics of the innate immune response to MI and associated infarct healing and the risk of cardiac rupture. MI was induced by permanent coronary artery ligation in 12–15-week-old male wild-type BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Prior to MI, C57BL/6 mice had a lower proportion of CD206+ anti-inflammatory macrophages in the heart and an expanded blood pool of proinflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes in comparison to BALB/c mice. The systemic inflammatory response in C57BL/6 mice following MI was more pronounced, with greater peripheral blood Ly6Chigh monocytosis, splenic Ly6Chigh monocyte mobilization and myeloid cell infiltration of pericardial adipose tissue. This led to an increased and prolonged macrophage accumulation, as well as delayed transition towards anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization in the infarct zone and surrounding tissues of C57BL/6 mice. These findings accompanied a higher rate of mortality due to cardiac rupture in C57BL/6 mice compared with BALB/c mice. We conclude that lower post-MI survival of C57BL/6 mice over BALB/c mice is mediated in part by a more pronounced and prolonged inflammatory response. Outcomes in BALB/c mice highlight the therapeutic potential of modulating resolution of the innate immune response following MI for the benefit of successful infarct healing.
The LAPLAP study: a randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial assessing postoperative functional recovery using intraperitoneal local anaesthetic in laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Stephensen B. D. , Clarke L. , McManus B. , Clark S. , Carroll R. , Holz P. , Smith S. R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimPostoperative pain remains a major factor in recovery from colorectal resection. There is increasing interest in opioid‐sparing analgesia, and intraperitoneal local anaesthetic (IPLA) has recently been shown to be useful in minor laparoscopic and open colorectal procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of IPLA on functional recovery following major laparoscopic surgery. In this controlled trial, mobility, as measured by the De Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI), was used as a surrogate for postoperative functional recovery.MethodPatients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection were randomized either to continuous ropivacaine (0.2% at 4–6 ml/h) or to saline (0.9%) which were administered via intraperitoneal catheter for 3 days postoperatively. Results were analysed in a double‐blind manner. DEMMIs were assessed on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, 7 and 30, and data on pain, opioid consumption, gut and respiratory function, length of stay (LOS) and complications were recorded.ResultsNinety‐six patients were recruited. There was no difference in primary outcome (i.e., functional recovery) between IPLA and placebo groups. Opioid consumption and LOS were similar between groups, and no differences were found for any secondary outcome measure. There were no adverse events related to ropivacaine.ConclusionInfusional intraperitoneal local anaesthetic appears to be safe but does not improve functional recovery or analgesic consumption following elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery, in the setting of an established enhanced recovery programme.
Figureheads or potentates? CEO power and board oversight in the context of Sarbanes Oxley
Authors: Haynes Katalin Takacs , Zattoni Alessandro , Boyd Brian K. , Minichilli Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch question/issueWe depart from studies that separately explore chief executive officers' (CEOs') and boards' effects on firm performance. Instead, we examine the direct relationship between CEO power and firm performance, and how board monitoring, and most importantly, a change in the regulatory environment alter the relationship. As such, our study jointly examines the role of both internal and external corporate governance mechanisms on the relationship between CEO power and firm performance.Research findings/insightsOur findings indicate that the negative main effect of a powerful CEO on firm performance is reduced by board monitoring and that the Sarbanes Oxley (SOX) legislation amplifies board monitoring and reduces the negative effects of CEO power.Theoretical/academic implicationsOur study shows that agency relationships are grounded in social and institutional contexts. More precisely, our results suggest that CEO power is a function of CEO's relationship with the board, as CEO power and board monitoring interactions affect firm performance. Furthermore, they indicate that the CEO‐board relationship is constructed within the legal institutional context, as the shock of SOX alters the effects that different combinations of CEO power and board monitoring have on firm performance.Practitioner/policy implicationsOur results highlight to investors and directors that corporate boards should be designed in relation to the power of CEOs. In addition, they provide valuable guidance for policy‐makers, suggesting that tight regulations may represent effective deterrents for some CEOs' misbehaviors and favor the alignment of interests with those of company owners.https://capture.udel.edu/media/Katalin+Takacs+Haynes+-+Video+Abstract/1_ihl7pmhf
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in solid organ transplantation—Guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice
Authors: Pereira Marcus R. , Rana Meenakshi M. ,   the AST ID Community of Practice
Published: May 2019

AbstractThese updated guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice review the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in solid organ transplantation. Despite an increasing armamentarium of antimicrobials active against MRSA, improved diagnostic tools, and overall declining rates of infection, MRSA infections remain a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. Pre‐ and post‐transplant MRSA colonization is a significant risk factor for post‐transplant MRSA infection. The preferred initial treatment of MRSA bacteremia remains vancomycin. Hand hygiene, chlorhexidine bathing in the ICU, central‐line bundles that focus on reducing unnecessary catheter use, disinfection of patient equipment, and the environment along with antimicrobial stewardship are all aspects of an infection prevention approach to prevent MRSA transmission and decrease healthcare‐associated infections.