bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the North American Monsoon in the Community Atmosphere Model: Sensitivity to Resolution and Topography
Authors: Varuolo-Clarke Arianna M. , Reed Kevin A. , Medeiros Brian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis work examines the effect of horizontal resolution and topography on the North American monsoon (NAM) in experiments with an atmospheric general circulation model. Observations are used to evaluate the fidelity of the representation of the monsoon in simulations from the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) with a standard 1.0° grid spacing and a high-resolution 0.25° grid spacing. The simulated monsoon has some realistic features, but both configurations also show precipitation biases. The default 1.0° grid spacing configuration simulates a monsoon with an annual cycle and intensity of precipitation within the observational range, but the monsoon begins and ends too gradually and does not reach far enough north. This study shows that the improved representation of topography in the high-resolution (0.25° grid spacing) configuration improves the regional circulation and therefore some aspects of the simulated monsoon compared to the 1.0° counterpart. At higher resolution, CAM5 simulates a stronger low pressure center over the American Southwest, with more realistic low-level wind flow than in the 1.0° configuration. As a result, the monsoon precipitation increases as does the amplitude of the annual cycle of precipitation. A moisture analysis sheds light on the monsoon dynamics, indicating that changes in the advection of enthalpy and moist static energy drive the differences between monsoon precipitation in CAM5 1.0° compared to the 0.25° configuration. Additional simulations confirm that these improvements are mainly due to the topographic influence on the low-level flow through the Gulf of California, and not only the increase in horizontal resolution.
Significant Increases in Extreme Precipitation and the Associations with Global Warming over the Global Land Monsoon Regions
Authors: Zhang Wenxia , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe global land monsoon region, with substantial monsoon rainfall and hence freshwater resources, is home to nearly two-thirds of the world’s population. However, it is overwhelmed by extreme precipitation, which is more intense than that on the rest of the land. Whether extreme precipitation has changed significantly, particularly in association with global warming, remains unclear for this region. This study investigates the presence of monotonic trends in extreme precipitation and its association with global warming over the past century over the global land monsoon regions, by employing the most comprehensive, long-running, and high-quality observational extreme precipitation records currently available. Based on a total of 5066 stations with at least 50 years of records, we found significant increases in the annual maximum daily precipitation and associations with global warming in regional monsoon domains, including the southern part of the South African monsoon region, the South Asian monsoon region (dominated by India), the North American monsoon region, and the eastern part of the South American monsoon region during the period of 1901–2010, with responses to global warming of ~10.4%–14.2% K−1, 7.9%–8.3% K−1, 6.4%–10.8% K−1, and 15.1%–24.8% K−1, respectively. For the global monsoon region as a whole, significant increases in extreme precipitation and associations with global warming are also identified, but with limited spatial coverage. The qualitative results on the significance of the changes on the regional scale are generally robust against different time periods, record lengths of stations, and datasets used. The uncertainty in the quantitative results arising from limited spatial and temporal coverages and use of different datasets deserves attention.
Sialorrhoea associated with sertraline use
Authors: Şahan Ebru , Kılıçarslan Tezer , Kırpınar İsmet 
Published: September 2019

Introduction Sialorrhoea, which has been defined as excessive amount of saliva in the mouth, can be a debilitating symptom. Psychoactive drugs may cause an increase or decrease in saliva secretion. Antidepressant drugs, especially tricyclic antidepressants and less often serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are often associated with a decrease in salivation and the complaint of dry mouth. Case presentation A 46-year-old male patient with complaints of being depressed, lack of motivation, irritability and difficulty in falling asleep was started on sertraline treatment and had trouble with sialorrhoea after the dose increase, without other causes of hypersalivation. Discussion We could not find report of any case with antidepressant-associated sialorrhoea in the literature. Future cases may support a relationship between sertraline and sialorrhoea.
Effectiveness of customized insoles in patients with Morton’s neuroma: a randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: de Oliveira Hilda Alcântara Veiga , Natour Jamil , Vassalli Mariana , Rosenfeld Andre , Jennings Fabio , Jones Anamaria 
Published: September 2019

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of customized insole in patients with Morton’s neuroma. Design: Double-blind randomized controlled trial with intent-to-treat analysis. Setting: Outpatients, University Hospital. Subjects: A total of 72 patients with Morton’s neuroma met the inclusion criteria and were randomly allocated to either the study group ( n = 36) or the control group ( n = 36). Interventions: The study group was assigned to use a customized insole with metatarsal and arch support made of ethyl vinyl acetate and the control group received a flat insole of the same material, color, and density. Main measures: The primary outcome measure was walking pain intensity measured by the visual analogue scale. The secondary outcomes were as follows: pain at rest, palpation, and paresthesia (visual analogue scale); functional disability (6-minute walk test, Foot Function Index, and Foot Health Status Questionnaire); quality of life (Health Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36)); and foot pressure (AM Cube FootWalk Pro program). Results: In the comparison between the groups over time, a statistically significant difference, with improvement in favor of the experimental group, was found for pain during walking ( P = 0.048); in the general health domains ( P < 0.001) and physical activity ( P = 0.025) of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire; in the general Foot Function Index score ( P = 0.012); and in the functional capacity domain of the SF-36 questionnaire ( P = 0.046). For the other parameters, no difference was found between groups. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that customized insole with metatarsal and arch support relieved walking pain and improved patient-reported measures of function in patients with Morton’s neuroma.
The independent risk factors of early diarrhoea in enteral nutrition for ICU patients
Authors: Chen Weiting , Wang Hehao , Chen Yingzi , Yuan Danqin , Chen Renhui 
Published: September 2019

Objective To investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with diarrhoea in the early stage of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods This prospective, multicentre, observational study enrolled consecutive patients who were newly admitted to ICUs and received enteral nutrition treatment. Events were observed continuously for 7 days or until patients were transferred out of the ICU after enteral nutrition. Demographic and clinical data, enteral nutrition data, diarrhoea-related data and outcomes were recorded. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the risk factors for diarrhoea. Results The study included 533 patients, of whom 164 (30.8%) developed diarrhoea. Diarrhoea was most commonly observed on the first to third days after starting enteral nutrition treatment. The median (interquartile range) duration of diarrhoea was 2 (1–3) days. The administration of gastrointestinal prokinetic agents, the increase in acute physiological and chronic health scores and the pyloric posterior feeding method were independent risk factors for diarrhoea. Conclusion The increased severity of illness, the administration of gastrointestinal prokinetic agents and the pyloric posterior feeding method were independent risk factors for diarrhoea in critically ill ICU patients undergoing enteral nutrition treatment.
Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Caucasians: The POLYON real-life study in 50 naive patients
Authors: El Chehab Hussam , Kodjikian Laurent , Lagenaite-Desmaizère Constance , Agard Emilie , De Bats Flore , Mathis Thibaud , Dot Corinne 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy is a common disease in Asia, but it has been less described in the Caucasian population. The aim of this real-life observational study was to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic practices as well as the prognosis in this population. Method: Fifty Caucasian patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy were included in this study. All patients underwent angiography to confirm the diagnosis. Patients were divided into two treatment groups: patients of group 1 only received anti–vascular endothelial growth factor injections and those of group 2 required photodynamic therapy rescue in addition to intravitreal injections in case of suboptimal (anatomically or functionally) response. Clinical (visual acuity, fundus examination), paraclinical (retinal pigment epithelium detachment height and central retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography), and therapeutic (number of intravitreal injections) criteria were analyzed after 24 months. Results: Patient mean age was 73.9 ± 9.1 years, and half of the patients had age-related macular degeneration. In the whole cohort, the initial visual acuity was equivalent to the final visual acuity (59.9 ± 24.0 letters vs 62.5 ± 21.1 letters, p = 0.259). In group 1, the final visual acuity was significantly increased (from 56.9 ± 24.7 letters to 63.4 ± 21.6 letters, p = 0.016), while in group 2, it remained stable (from 61.7 ± 23.4 letters to 61.0 ± 21.4 letters, p = 0.249). The number of intravitreal injections was similar between both groups. Conclusion: In a Caucasian population, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy seems to have a later onset. A non-standardized management allows stabilizing the functional prognosis. Patients requiring photodynamic therapy rescue have a poorer prognosis.
Longevity of total hip arthroplasty implants in patients with Gaucher disease
Authors: Cohen Daniel , Kogan Dina , Rubin Amir , Zimran Ari , Lebel Ehud 
Published: September 2019

Background: Total hip replacement (THR) is performed for arthritic hip joints, which in Gaucher disease results from osteonecrosis of the femoral head. This procedure was recommended as valid and safe for this group of patients. Nevertheless, long term outcome has not been evaluated in a large cohort. Methods: Data regarding all patients having hip replacement in a relatively large Gaucher clinic was collected. Specifically, details such as patient background and quality of life, implant types, radiographic signs of implant-loosening, and success of implant revision were gathered. Results: The cohort included 48 patients (females 42%, mean age at operation 42 ± 14 years), having 54 hip implants. 15 years survival was 60% and an average implant life was 12.8 years. Longevity was related to implant type, with cementless implants using ceramic-on-ceramic bearing surfaces performing better than other types (no revisions so-far). Older age at surgery also involved a lower revision risk. Gender, disease genotype, and use of cement during the procedure did not have significant effect on longevity. As expected, quality of life and hip related function were better for patients who did not undergo revision. This implies the importance of long-term implant survival Conclusion: Based on these results we recommend THR as a viable treatment for symptomatic hip arthrosis, especially at older age. Specifically, the utilisation of ceramic on ceramic bearing surfaced shows promising result in patients with Gauchers disease.
Microwave ablation versus resection for hepatocellular carcinoma within the Milan criteria: a propensity-score analysis
Authors: Liu Wenwu , Zou Ruhai , Wang Chenwei , Qiu Jiliang , Shen Jingxian , Liao Yadi , Yang Zhiwen , Zhang Yuanping , Wang Yongjin , Yuan Yichuan , Li Kai , Zuo Dinglan , He Wei , Zheng Yun , Li Binkui , Yuan Yunfei 
Published: September 2019

Background: Whether the efficient heat-generating mechanism of microwave ablation (MWA) is comparable with resection (RES) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised 126 and 1183 patients with HCC meeting the Milan criteria who received MWA or RES between 2002 and 2017. We compared 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) using both propensity-score matching (PSM) and inverse-probability-of-treatment-weighting (IPW) analysis and investigated the prognostic factors with multivariate Cox analysis. Results: After PSM (1:2), although MWA ( n = 116) offered decreased 5-year RFS (30.6% versus 57.5%, p < 0.001) compared with RES ( n = 212), both treatments provided similar 5-year OS (82.2% versus 80.5%, p = 0.360) because most patients with intrahepatic recurrence remained eligible for repeat treatments; similar results were found in the IPW analysis. Additionally, the comparable efficacy of MWA and RES was consistent across all subgroups: those with solitary HCC ⩽ 3.0 cm or >3.0 cm, or multifocal HCCs within the Milan criteria, patients with liver function of albumin–bilirubin grade 1 or 2, and older (⩾60 years) or younger (<60 years) patients. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed that no difference was seen between MWA and RES in OS (hazard ratio = 0.85; p = 0.581) in the overall population; similar results were obtained in the propensity-score-matched and IPW cohorts. Conclusions: Compared with RES, MWA offered worse RFS for HCC within the Milan criteria; however, both treatments provided equivalent long-term OS because most patients with intrahepatic recurrence remained eligible for repeat treatments.
Transcriptome analysis of the effect of C-C chemokine receptor 5 deficiency on cell response to Toxoplasma gondii in brain cells
Authors: Kobayashi Kaoru , Umeda Kousuke , Ihara Fumiaki , Tanaka Sachi , Yamagishi Junya , Suzuki Yutaka , Nishikawa Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii is thought to damage the brain and be a risk factor for neurological and psychotic disorders. The immune response-participating chemokine system has recently been considered vital for brain cell signaling and neural functioning. Here, we investigated the effect of the deficiency of C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), which is previously reported to be associated with T. gondii infection, on gene expression in the brain during T. gondii infection and the relationship between CCR5 and the inflammatory response against T. gondii infection in the brain.

Results
We performed a genome-wide comprehensive analysis of brain cells from wild-type and CCR5-deficient mice. Mouse primary brain cells infected with T. gondii were subjected to RNA sequencing. The expression levels of some genes, especially in astrocytes and microglia, were altered by CCR5-deficiency during T. gondii infection, and the gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed an enhanced immune response in the brain cells. The expression levels of genes which were highly differentially expressed in vitro were also investigated in the mouse brains during the T. gondii infections. Among the genes tested, only Saa3 (serum amyloid A3) showed partly CCR5-dependent upregulation during the acute infection phase. However, analysis of the subacute phase showed that in addition to Saa3, Hmox1 may also contribute to the protection and/or pathology partly via the CCR5 pathway.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that CCR5 is involved in T. gondii infection in the brain where it contributes to inflammatory responses and parasite elimination. We suggest that the inflammatory response by glial cells through CCR5 might be associated with neurological injury during T. gondii infection to some extent.
Escherichia coli O157:H7: distribution, molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns and source of contamination of sheep and goat carcasses at an export abattoir, Mojdo, Ethiopia
Authors: Abreham Solomon , Teklu Akafete , Cox Eric , Sisay Tessema Tesfaye 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Cattle have been identified as a major reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 for human infection; the ecology of the organism in sheep and goats is less understood. This study was carried out to determine prevalence, source of infection, antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli O157: H7 isolated from sheep and goat.

Methods
Systematic random sampling was carried out at Modjo export abattoir, Ethiopia, from November 2012 to April 2013 to collect 408 samples from 72 sheep and 32 goats. Samples collected were skin swabs, fecal samples, intestinal mucosal swabs and the inside and outside part of carcasses as well as carcass in contacts such as workers hands, knife, hook and carcass washing water. Then, samples were processed following standard bacteriological procedures. Non-Sorbitol fermenting colonies were tested on latex agglutination test and the positives are subjected to PCR for detection of attaching and effacing genes (eaeA) and shiga toxin producing genes (stx1 and stx2). All E. coli O157:H7 isolates were checked for their susceptibility pattern towards 15 selected antibiotics.

Results
E. coli O157:H7 were detected in only 20/408 samples (4.9%). Among these 20 positive samples, 70% (14/20), 25% (5/20) and 5% (1/20) were from sheep, goats and knife samples, respectively. No significant associations were found between carcasses and the assumed sources of contaminations. Of all the 20 isolates virulence genes were found in 10 (50%) of them; 3 (15%) with only the eaeA gene and 7(35%) expressing eaeA and stx2 genes. All the isolates were susceptible to Norfloxacin (NOR) (100%).

Conclusions
The presence of virulence genes shows E. coli O157:H7 is a potential source of human infection in Ethiopia.
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying graft success in grapevine
Authors: Assunção M. , Santos C. , Brazão J. , Eiras-Dias J. E. , Fevereiro P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundGrafting is an intensive commercial practice required to protect the European grapevine against the Phylloxera pest. Rootstocks resistant to this pest are hybrids of American vine species with different levels of compatibility with EuropeanVitis viniferavarieties. Aiming to understand what drives grafting compatibility in grapevine, a transcriptomic approach was used to search for master regulators of graft success. Two scion/rootstock combinations, with different levels of compatibility, were compared in a nursery-grafting context at two stages, at 21 and 80 days after grafting.ResultsIn the most compatible combination, an earlier and higher expression of genes signaling the metabolic and hormonal pathways as well as a reduced expression of genes of the phenolic metabolism and of the oxidative stress response was observed. At 80 days after grafting a higher expression of transcription factors regulating vascular maintenance, differentiation and proliferation was obtained in the most compatible combination. Moreover, lower expression levels of microRNAs potentially targeting important transcription factors related to plant development was observed in the more compatible combination when compared to the less compatible one.ConclusionIn this context, a set of regulators was selected as potential expression markers for early prediction of a compatible grafting.
Genome-wide analysis of cotton C2H2-zinc finger transcription factor family and their expression analysis during fiber development
Authors: Salih Haron , Odongo Magwanga Richard , Gong Wenfang , He Shoupu , Du Xiongming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundC2H2-zinc finger protein family is commonly found in the plant, and it is known as the key actors in the regulation of transcription and vital component of chromatin structure. A large number of the C2H2-zinc finger gene members have not been well characterized based on their functions and structure in cotton. However, in other plants, only a few C2H2-zinc finger genes have been studied.ResultsIn this work, we performed a comprehensive analysis and identified 386, 196 and 195 C2H2-zinc finger genes inGossypium hirsutum(upland cotton),Gossypium arboreumandGossypium raimondii, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the C2H2-zinc finger proteins encoding the C2H2-zinc finger genes were classified into seven (7) subgroups. Moreover, the C2H2-zinc finger gene members were distributed in all cotton chromosomes though with asymmetrical distribution patterns. All the orthologous genes were detected between tetraploid and the diploid cotton, with 154 orthologous genes pair detected between upland cotton andGossypium arboreumwhile 165 orthologous genes were found between upland cotton andGossypium raimondii. Synonymous (Ks) and non-synonymous (Ka) nucleotide substitution rates (Ka/Ks) analysis indicated that the cotton C2H2-zinc finger genes were highly influenced mainly by negative selection, which maintained their protein levels after the duplication events. RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR validation of the RNA seq result revealed differential expression pattern of some the C2H2-zinc finger genes at different stages of cotton fiber development, an indication that the C2H2-zinc finger genes play an important role in initiating and regulating fiber development in cotton.ConclusionsThis study provides a strong foundation for future practical genome research on C2H2-zinc finger genes in upland cotton. The expression levels of C2H2-zinc finger genes family is a pointer of their involvement in various biochemical and physiological functions which are directly related to cotton fiber development during initiation and elongation stages. This work not only provides a basis for determining the nominal role of the C2H2-zinc finger genes in fiber development but also provide valuable information for characterization of potential candidate genes involved in regulation of cotton fiber development.