bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal hair cortisol levels as a novel predictor of neonatal abstinence syndrome severity: A pilot feasibility study
Authors: Wachman Elisha M. , Hunter Richard G. , Shrestha Hira , Lapp Hannah E. , Meyer Jerrold , Alvarez Crystal D. , Tronick Edward 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) after in‐utero opioid exposure remains a poorly understood condition with multiple factors contributing to severity. Exposure to maternal stress may be one contributing factor. Hair cortisol measurement represents a novel technique for assessing prenatal stress. In this pilot study, the association between maternal hair cortisol levels and NAS severity was examined in 70 postpartum women with opioid use disorder within 72 hr of delivery. Infants were monitored for NAS and treated according to institutional protocol. Forty‐four (63%) of the infants were pharmacologically treated for NAS, with a mean length of hospital stay (LOS) for all infants of 14.2 (SD 9.0) days. The mean cortisol level in the mothers was 131.8 pg/mg (SD 124.7). In bivariate analysis, higher maternal hair cortisol levels were associated with shorter infant LOS (R = −.26, p = .03) and fewer infant opioid treatment days (R = −.28, p = .02). Results were no longer statistically significant in regression models after adjusting for maternal opioid and smoking. In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of hair cortisol assaying within the first few days after delivery in mothers with opioid use disorder as a novel marker for NAS. The findings suggest that maternal stress may impact the severity of infant opioid withdrawal.
Delayed effects of attention on pain sensitivity and conditioned pain modulation
Authors: Hoegh Morten , Seminowicz David A. , Graven‐Nielsen Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEfficacy of pain modulation is assessed as the difference in pain sensitivity during a painful conditioning, compared to before (conditioning pain modulation, CPM). Attention can be assessed with the Stroop task, in which participants report the number of words on a screen; either congruent or incongruent with the value of the words. Attention away from painful stimuli during CPM enhances the CPM effect. However, it is unknown if attention influences CPM effects when the two are done in sequence.MethodsHealthy men (n = 25) underwent cuff algometry CPM‐assessment where the pressure‐pain detection and tolerance thresholds (PTT) were recorded on one leg with and without contralateral conditioning. Two identical sessions of four test stimuli equal to PTT (5 s, 1‐min interval, scored on a visual analogue scale, VAS) with a painful conditioning from the second to the last test‐stimulus were performed. Stroop sessions were followed by test stimuli with or without painful conditioning.ResultsThe VAS scores in the first two sessions showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.92). VAS scores were lower in sessions with Stroop compared to sessions without Stroop (p = .05) indicating an analgesic effect of Stroop. Participants were subgrouped into CPM responders and CPM non‐responders according to CPM effects in the first two sessions. CPM non‐responders (n = 13) showed facilitation to repeated noxious stimuli in all sessions with no effect of conditioning or Stroop (p = .02).ConclusionAttention and CPM both modulate pain in healthy men. Attention‐induced analgesia works in CPM non‐responders. Results indicate that attention and CPM are not the same and that they do not demonstrate additive effects when applied in sequence.SignificancePain sensitivity is reduced after an attention task in healthy men. The delayed effects from attention only have minor effects on Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM), and results support that attention‐driven analgesia works independently of CPM. Results indicate that individual strategies for pain inhibition exist and that an overlap between the mechanisms of CPM and selective attention is limited. Moreover, painful phasic stimuli may increase the number of healthy volunteers with negative CPM effects.
Silver Nanoparticles‐Silsesquioxane Nanomaterial Applied to the Determination of 4‐Nitrophenol as a Biomarker
Authors: Crocomo Paola Zimmermann , Winiarski João Paulo , de Barros Marília Reginato , Latocheski Eloah , Nagurniak Glaucio Régis , Parreira Renato Luis Tame , Siebert Diogo Alexandre , Micke Gustavo Amadeu , Magosso Hérica Aparecida , Jost Cristiane Luisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA novel silsesquioxane material was synthetized and used as a stabilizing agent for silver nanoparticles. This hybrid material was characterized by FTIR, 29Si CP‐MAS NMR, 13C DEPT 135° NMR and TGA techniques and the silver nanoparticles were characterized from DLS, UV‐Vis spectroscopy, zeta‐potential, TEM and SAXS results. The silver nanoparticles obtained were spherical in shape with a diameter of 3.74 nm. The nanomaterial was successfully applied in the modification of a glassy carbon electrode and a pronounced current response was obtained in the determination of the biomarker 4‐nitrophenol. Quantum chemical calculations, using density functional theory, were also performed in order to evaluate the redox properties of the analyte. Two different linear ranges were obtained applying optimal square wave voltammetry conditions. The reduction peak currents obtained were linear for 4‐NP concentrations in the ranges of 0.29 to 1.50 μmol L−1 (Ed=−0.6 V and td=20 s) and 2.75 to 31.5 μmol L−1, with a theoretical (signal to noise=3) limit of detection of 0.05 μmol L−1 (td=20 s). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of 4‐NP in synthetic serum samples at different levels of 4‐NP with a recovery range of 94–101 %. Validation was performed using a comparative method through the capillary electrophoresis (CE) technique.
Adapting family‐based treatment for paediatric obesity: A randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Loeb Katharine L. , Le Grange Daniel , Celio Doyle Angela , Crosby Ross D. , Glunz Catherine , Laraque‐Arena Danielle , Hildebrandt Thomas , Bacow Terri , Vangeepuram Nita , Gault Allison 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis pilot study aimed to refine and test an adaption of family‐based treatment (FBT) for eating disorders that addressed the distinct clinical needs of adolescents with overweight or obesity in the absence of eating disorder pathology. Our hypothesis was that FBT for paediatric obesity (FBT‐PO) would be feasible to implement and superior to a nutrition education counselling (NEC) condition delivered to both parents and patients, thereby controlling for key information dissemination across groups while manipulating active therapeutic content and strategy.MethodSeventy‐seven adolescents were randomized to FBT‐PO or NEC across two sites.ResultsResults supported our core prediction, in that weight status among adolescent study participants receiving FBT‐PO remained stable while increasing among participants randomized to NEC. Attrition was high in both conditions.ConclusionsFBT‐PO, while not seeming to yield a marked decrease in body mass index z‐score, may arrest an otherwise‐occurring weight‐gain trajectory for these adolescents. This efficacy finding is consistent with the overall PO literature supporting parental involvement in the treatment of PO. Future research efforts should address retention in FBT‐PO.
Functionalized Biochar/Clay Composites for Reducing the Bioavailable Fraction of Arsenic and Cadmium in River Sediment
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Gu Yanling , Tan Xiaofei , Liu Yunguo , Zhou Yahui , Hu Xinjiang , Cai XiaoXi , Xu Weihua , Zhang Chen , Liu Shaoheng 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Biochar has frequently been used for the treatment of heavy metal pollution in water and soil; its effect on contaminated sediments requires further research. To improve the ability of biochar to immobilize heavy metals in sediment, we prepared a functionalized biochar/attapulgite composite by pyrolysis of the clay attapulgite and zinc chloride–pretreated rice straw biomass. Compared with the original biochar, the biochar/attapulgite composite had a large increase in specific surface area, pore volume, oxygen-containing functional groups, and cation exchange capacity. Biochar effectively improved the dispersibility of attapulgite as a matrix. The results showed that the biochar/attapulgite composite effectively reduced the bioavailable fraction of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in river sediment, which was a great improvement compared with the raw biochar. After the sediment was treated with different biochar/attapulgite composites, the concentrations of As and Cd in the overlying water and the porewater, and the content of acid-extractable and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)-extractable As and Cd in the solid phase of the sediment decreased significantly. Both zinc chloride activation and attapulgite improved As and Cd immobilization in sediment when we used the biochar/attapulgite composite. The results suggest that biochar/attapulgite composite can be used as an efficient in situ sorbent amendment to improve the heavy metal immobilization ability of the sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2337–2347. © 2019 SETAC.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of lupin protein isolates—Changes in the molecular weight distribution, technofunctional characteristics, and sensory attributes
Authors: Schlegel Katharina , Sontheimer Katharina , Hickisch Andrea , Wani Ali Abas , Eisner Peter , Schweiggert‐Weisz Ute 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnzymatic hydrolysis of lupin protein isolates (LPI; Lupinus angustifolius L.) was performed with nine different protease preparations to investigate their effect on technofunctionality, sensory properties, and the integrity of the proteins to estimate the reduction of the immunoreactivity. Alcalase 2.4 L, papain, and pepsin were most effective in the degradation of the α‐ and β‐conglutin examined by SDS–PAGE analysis, although the degree of hydrolysis only slightly increased. The technofunctional properties of LPI—solubility, emulsifying, and foaming activity—were improved by most of the proteolytic enzymes with the most impressive increase from 980% foam activity for LPI up to 3,614% foam activity for pepsin hydrolysate. The formation of bitterness, most likely linked to generation of bitter peptides, was pronounced in the Alcalase hydrolysate, while the other hydrolysates did not show an extensive increase in bitterness compared to the LPI. Other sensory attributes of the hydrolysates—with the exception of Alcalase treatment—were also very similar to the LPI. The results of this study show the potential of enzymatic degradation of LPI to modify the IgE‐reacting polypeptides and to improve the technofunctionality of the isolates and therefore their use as food ingredients.
Castration induces satellite cell activation that contributes to skeletal muscle maintenance
Authors: Klose Alanna , Liu Wenxuan , Paris Nicole D. , Forman Sophie , Krolewski John J. , Nastiuk Kent L. , Chakkalakal Joe V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsSarcopenia, the age‐related loss of skeletal muscle, is a side effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer patients. Resident stem cells of skeletal muscle, satellite cells (SCs), are an essential source of progenitors for the growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Decreased androgen signaling and deficits in the number and function of SCs are features of aging. Although androgen signaling is known to regulate skeletal muscle, the cellular basis for ADT‐induced exacerbation of sarcopenia is unknown. Furthermore, the consequences of androgen deprivation on SC fate in adult skeletal muscle remain largely unexplored.Methods and resultsWe examined SC fate in an androgen‐deprived environment using immunofluorescence and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) with SC‐specific markers in young castrated mice. To study the effects of androgen deprivation on SC function and skeletal muscle regenerative capacity, young castrated mice were subjected to experimental regenerative paradigms. SC‐derived‐cell contributions to skeletal muscle maintenance were examined in castrated Pax7CreER/+; ROSA26mTmG/+ mice. SCs were depleted in Pax7CreER/+; ROSA26DTA/+ mice to ascertain the consequences of SC ablation in sham and castrated skeletal muscles. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and assessment of skeletal muscle physiology, contractile properties, and integrity were conducted. We found castration led to SC activation, however this did not result in a decline in SC function or skeletal muscle regenerative capacity. Surprisingly, castration induced SC‐dependent maintenance of young skeletal muscle. The functional dependence of skeletal muscles on SCs in young castrated mice was demonstrated by an increase in SC‐derived‐cell fusion within skeletal muscle fibers. SC depletion was associated with further atrophy and functional decline, as well as the induction of partial innervation and the loss of NMJ‐associated myonuclei in skeletal muscles from castrated mice.ConclusionThe maintenance of skeletal muscles in young castrated mice relies on the cellular contributions of SCs. Considering the well‐described age‐related decline in SCs, the results in this study highlight the need to devise strategies that promote SC maintenance and activity to attenuate or reverse the progression of sarcopenia in elderly androgen‐deprived individuals.
Optimizing Vancomycin Use Through 2‐Point AUC‐Based Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Suchartlikitwong Pintip , Anugulruengkitt Suvaporn , Wacharachaisurapol Noppadol , Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Sophonphan Jiratchaya , Theerawit Tuangtip , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Wattanavijitkul Thitima , Puthanakit Thanyawee 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe 24‐hour vancomycin area under the serum concentration‐time curve (AUC24) divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (AUC24/MIC) is more closely related to patient outcomes than serum trough concentrations (Ctrough). Two‐point simplified equations for calculating AUC based on serum peak concentrations (Cpeak) and Ctrough, named equation A (EqA) and equation B (EqB), have recently been adopted into clinical use for adult pediatric patients. We aimed to find the agreement between predicted AUC24 using the reference method (ref) relative to EqA and EqB and the correlation between Ctrough and AUC24. From June to December 2018, 43 pediatric patients with normal renal function, receiving 15 mg/kg of vancomycin intravenously every 6 hours, were enrolled. The pediatric patients’ median age was 2.2 years (range 0.1‐15.3). At steady state, vancomycin Cpeak and Ctrough were measured at 2 hours after infusion completion and within 30 minutes before the next dosing, respectively. AUC24 was estimated using ref, EqA, and EqB. From Bland‐Altman analysis, the 2 AUC24s estimated by ref and EqA showed less bias than those estimated by ref and EqB (bias 1.3 and –72.1 mg⋅h/L, respectively). Ctrough and AUC24 using either ref or EqA were correlated more closely (r2 = 0.94) than with EqB (r2 = 0.86). Assuming a vancomycin MIC of 1 mg/L, an AUC24 ≥400 mg⋅h/L was targeted. Regardless of the method used, AUC24 ≥400 mg⋅h/L was never seen with Ctrough <8 mg/L but was always seen with Ctrough >10 mg/L. In conclusion, EqA based on the 2 measured serum concentrations was sufficiently accurate for AUC24 estimation. Ctrough >10 mg/L correlated highly to AUC24 ≥400 mg⋅h/L.
The sex paradox in the interplay between periodontitis, obesity, and serum C‐reactive protein: Data from a general population
Authors: Meisel Peter , Eremenko Michael , Holtfreter Birte , Völzke Henry , Kocher Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWomen are generally periodontally healthier than men but they exhibit higher systemic levels of inflammatory markers. Our aim is to evaluate whether this paradox may be explained by different ramifications of adiposity or body shape.MethodsIn 3,268 subjects from the Study of Health in Pomerania, we determined anthropometric and periodontal parameters, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen as markers of inflammation. Behavioural and environmental risk factors and hand grip strength were assessed as factors interfering with the outcomes in question. We evaluated sex‐specific associations of adiposity characteristics and periodontal variables such as probing depth (PD) with CRP and fibrinogen.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), glycated hemoglobin, smoking, education, and grip strength, the opposite sex role of periodontitis and obesity on CRP levels were confirmed. WHR and body mass index (BMI) were associated with CRP in both men and women (P < 0.001). CRP was associated with PD in men (P = 0.001) but not in women (P = 0.11). When adjusted for BMI this association was attenuated in men by 15% (P = 0.002) but in women by 70% (P = 0.58). PD was related to plaque and bleeding on probing (P < 0.001) in both sexes and also to WHR in women (P = 0.026) and men (P = 0.002). BMI attenuated this association in women but not in men. HbA1c contributed significantly to PD in women (P = 0.013) but not in men (P = 0.76).ConclusionsSystemic CRP concentrations are affected by periodontitis and obesity in men. In women adiposity is more significant than in men overriding the impact of periodontal measures.
Antimicrobial function of the polyunsaturated fatty acid KetoC in an experimental model of periodontitis
Authors: Sulijaya Benso , Yamada‐Hara Miki , Yokoji‐Takeuchi Mai , Matsuda‐Matsukawa Yumi , Yamazaki Kyoko , Matsugishi Aoi , Tsuzuno Takahiro , Sato Keisuke , Aoki‐Nonaka Yukari , Takahashi Naoki , Kishino Shigenobu , Ogawa Jun , Tabeta Koichi , Yamazaki Kazuhisa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe bioactive metabolite KetoC, generated by intestinal bacteria, exerts various beneficial effects. Nevertheless, its function in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of KetoC in a mouse model of periodontitis and explored the underlying mechanism.MethodsThirty‐one 8‐week‐old male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into four groups (non‐ligation, non‐ligation + KetoC, ligation + Porphyromonas gingivalis, and ligation + P. gingivalis + KetoC) (n = 7/8 mice/group) and given a daily oral gavage of KetoC (15 mg/mL) or vehicle for 2 weeks. To induce periodontitis, a 5‐0 silk ligature was placed on the maxillary left second molar on day 7, and P. gingivalis W83 (109 colony‐forming unit [CFU]) was administered orally every 3 days. On day 14, all mice were euthanized. Alveolar bone destruction was determined from the level of the cemento‐enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest. Moreover, bone loss level was confirmed from gingival tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The presence of P. gingivalis was quantified using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. In vitro, the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of KetoC were assessed by analyzing its suppressive activity on the proliferation of P. gingivalis and using a live/dead bacterial staining kit, respectively. A double‐bond‐deficient metabolite (KetoB) was then used to investigate the importance of double‐bond structure in the antimicrobial activity of KetoC on P. gingivalis.ResultsIn vivo, KetoC attenuated alveolar bone destruction and suppressed P. gingivalis in the periodontitis group. In vitro, KetoC (but not KetoB) downregulated the proliferation and viability of P. gingivalis in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionsKetoC reduced alveolar bone destruction in a periodontitis model via its antimicrobial function. Therefore, this bioactive metabolite may be valuable in clinical applications to support periodontal therapy.
Population Dynamics and Evaluation of Management Scenarios for White Sturgeon in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Basin
Authors: Blackburn Shannon E. , Gingras Marty L. , DuBois Jason , Jackson Zachary J. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recent surveys suggest a declining population of White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River basin (SSJ), California. Probable reasons for the decline include overharvest and habitat degradation compounded by poor recruitment during recent droughts. Despite the importance and status of White Sturgeon, knowledge of their population dynamics in the SSJ remains incomplete and additional information is needed to further inform management decisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the population dynamics of White Sturgeon in the SSJ and use the information to estimate the population-level response under plausible management scenarios. White Sturgeon in the SSJ exhibited fast growth and high rates of mortality and experienced relatively high levels of exploitation. Under current conditions, the population will likely continue to decrease (population growth rate λ = 0.97); however, there was considerable uncertainty in estimates of future population growth. Population growth of White Sturgeon in the SSJ was most influenced by the survival of sexually mature adults. The models also suggested that White Sturgeon in the SSJ could reach the replacement rate (i.e., λ ≥ 1.00) if total annual mortality for age-3 and older fish does not exceed 6%. Low levels of exploitation (i.e., &lt;3%) would likely be required to maintain a stable population.
Penetration modeling of ultra‐high performance concrete using multiscale meshfree methods
Authors: Sparks Paul A. , Sherburn Jesse A. , Heard William F. , Williams Brett A. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryTerminal ballistics of concrete is of extreme importance to the military and civil communities. Over the past few decades, ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) has been developed for various applications in the design of protective structures because UHPC has an enhanced ballistic resistance over conventional strength concrete. Developing predictive numerical models of UHPC subjected to penetration is critical in understanding the material's enhanced performance. This study employs the advanced fundamental concrete (AFC) model, and it will run inside the reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM)‐based code known as the nonlinear meshfree analysis program (NMAP). NMAP is advantageous for modeling impact and penetration problems that exhibit extreme deformation and material fragmentation. A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to characterize the UHPC. The investigation consisted of fracture toughness testing, the utilization of nondestructive microcomputed tomography analysis, and lastly projectile penetration shots on the UHPC targets. To improve the accuracy of the model, a new scaled damage evolution law (SDEL) is employed within the microcrack informed damage model. During the homogenized macroscopic calculation, the corresponding microscopic cell needs to be dimensionally equivalent to the mesh dimension when the partial differential equation becomes ill posed and strain softening ensues. To ensure arbitrary mesh geometry for which the homogenized stress‐strain curves are derived, a size scaling law is incorporated into the homogenized tensile damage evolution law. This ensures energy‐bridging equivalence of the microscopic cell to the homogenized medium irrespective of arbitrary mesh geometry. Results of numerical investigations will be compared with results of penetration experiments.