bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified-Power-Piston: Short-Incudial-Process-Vibroplasty and Simultaneous Stapedotomy in Otosclerosis
Authors: Dejaco Daniel , Riedl David , Gottfried Timo , Rasse Thomas , Fischer Natalie , Prejban David , Koci Viktor , Riechelmann Herbert , Schmutzhard Joachim , Keintzel Thomas 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
If mixed-hearing-loss (MHL) occurs in otosclerosis, hearing-aids (HA) in addition to conventional-stapedotomy (SDT) may be necessary. If otosclerosis progresses or technical or medical problems prevent use of HA, combining active-middle-ear-implants (AMEI) with SDT (“power-piston”) may be considered. Previously, AMEI-coupling to the long-incudial-process was suggested. Here, a “modified-power-piston” surgery (mPP) coupling to the short-incudial-process was proposed, so no coupling over the positioned stapes-piston is required. We questioned whether mPP is as safe and effective as SDT.

Methods:
Otosclerotic patients with MHL and limited satisfaction with previously worn HA receiving mPP were retrospectively reviewed at two Austrian tertiary otologic referral centers. Patients, receiving stapedotomy, were case-matched for preoperative pure-tone averages (PTA), bone-conduction (BC-PTA), air-conduction (AC-PTA), and air-bone gap (ABG-PTA). Postoperative changes in BC-PTA and in AC-PTA and ABG-PTA were defined as safety- and as efficacy outcome parameter.

Results:
Of 160 patients, 14 received mPP and 14 stapedotomy. Preoperative findings were comparable (all p = 1.000). BC-PTA improved from 38.0 to 36.7 and from 37.1 to 36.9 dB-HL for mPP and SDT, respectively (Δ –1.3 versus –0.2 dB-HL; p = 0.077). AC-PTA improved from 66.8 to 47.1 and from 66.3 to 46.5 dB-HL for mPP and SDT, respectively (Δ –19.6 versus –19.7 dB-HL; p = 0.991). ABG-PTA improved from 28.8 to 10.4 and from 29.1 to 9.6 dB-HL for mPP and SDT, respectively (Δ –18.3 versus –19.5 dB-HL; p = 0.771).

Conclusion:
In otosclerosis with MHL and limited satisfaction with HA, mPP appeared as safe and effective as SDT and may be considered a treatment alternative in these patients.
Controversy over the atherogenicity of lipoprotein-X
Authors: Miida Takashi , Hirayama Satoshi 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of review
Lipoprotein-X (Lp-X) is an abnormal lipoprotein containing abundant free cholesterol and phospholipids, as well as some apolipoprotein E (apoE). Serum Lp-X increases in patients with cholestasis and lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency, as well as in those receiving intravenous lipid emulsion. Lp-X is often associated with skin xanthomas in cholestatic patients. However, earlier studies showed that Lp-X is not taken up by murine macrophages, but exerts antiatherogenic actions. In this review, we discuss the heterogeneity of Lp-X and its potential atherogenicity.

Recent findings
Mass spectrometry revealed that Lp-X of cholestatic patients is similar in lipid composition to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein, but not to bile acids, suggesting that Lp-X is synthesized in the liver. Palmar xanthomas appear in patients with cholestasis, but regress over months after improvement of hypercholesterolemia. Lp-X isolated from cholestatic patients is rich in apoE, and causes more lipid accumulation than oxidized LDL and acetyl LDL in human monocyte-derived macrophages.

Summary
Lp-X is heterogeneous in apoE content. Lp-X is taken up in cholestatic patients by apoE-recognizing lipoprotein receptors. Further research is warranted to fully understand the atherogenicity of Lp-X and the clinical significance of elevated Lp-X concentrations, particularly in cholestatic patients.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Perioperative Management of Patients Undergoing Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation
Authors: McSwain Julie R. , Nykamp Madeline , Wolf Bethany J. , McMurray Jeffrey D. , Skorke Christopher A. , Clark Carlee A. 
Published: January 2019

Objective
The aim of this retrospective descriptive study was to examine associations with the perioperative management of patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation, which may impact complication rate and hospital length of stay.

Methods
We retrospectively collected data on 165 patients, and 161 patients were included in the final analysis. Data collected included preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative patient and procedural characteristics.

Results
Approximately 46.6% of patients experienced 1 or more complications. The occurrence of complications was associated with postoperative day 1 hemoglobin levels, use of intraoperative goal-directed therapy, estimated intraoperative blood loss, and total amount of intraoperative insulin given. Hospital length of stay was significantly associated with number of complications, use of goal-directed therapy, procedure duration, and postoperative day 1 hemoglobin levels.

Conclusions
Overall, our retrospective descriptive study adds to the emerging body of literature determining optimal perioperative management of patients undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation.
Developing Core Capabilities for Local Health Departments to Engage in Land Use and Transportation Decision Making for Active Transportation
Authors: Lemon Stephenie C. , Goins Karin Valentine , Sreedhara Meera , Arcaya Mariana , Aytur Semra A. , Heinrich Katie , Kerner Bridget , Lyn Rodney , Maddock Jay E. , Riessman Robin , Schmid Thomas L. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To develop a core set of capabilities and tasks for local health departments (LHDs) to engage in land use and transportation policy processes that promote active transportation.

Design:
We conducted a 3-phase modified Delphi study from 2015 to 2017.

Setting:
We recruited a multidisciplinary national expert panel for key informant interviews by telephone and completion of a 2-step online validation process.

Participants:
The panel consisted of 58 individuals with expertise in local transportation and policy processes, as well as experience in cross-sector collaboration with public health. Participants represented the disciplines of land use planning, transportation/public works, public health, municipal administration, and active transportation advocacy at the state and local levels.

Main Outcome Measures:
Key informant interviews elicited initial capabilities and tasks. An online survey solicited rankings of impact and feasibility for capabilities and ratings of importance for associated tasks. Feasibility rankings were used to categorize capabilities according to required resources. Results were presented via second online survey for final input.

Results:
Ten capabilities were categorized according to required resources. Fewest resources were as follows: (1) collaborate with public officials; (2) serve on land use or transportation board; and (3) review plans, policies, and projects. Moderate resources were as follows: (4) outreach to the community; (5) educate policy makers; (6) participate in plan and policy development; and (7) participate in project development and design review. Most resources were as follows: (8) participate in data and assessment activities; (9) fund dedicated staffing; and (10) provide funding support.

Conclusions:
These actionable capabilities can guide planning efforts for LHDs of all resource levels.
Targeted Management Strategies in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
There has been a paradigm shift in the treatment of myeloma triggered by intense exploration of the disease biology to understand the basis of disease development and progression and the evolution of newly diagnosed myeloma to a multidrug refractory state that is associated with poor survival. These studies have in turn informed us of potential therapeutic strategies in our ongoing effort to cure this disease, or at a minimum convert it into a chronic disease. Given the clonal evolution that leads to development of drug resistance and treatment failure, identification of specific genetic abnormalities and approaches to target these abnormalities have been on the top of the list for some time. The more recent studies examining the genome of the myeloma cell have led to development of umbrella trials that assigns patients to specific targeted agents based on the genomic abnormality. In addition, other approaches to targeting myeloma such as monoclonal antibodies are already in the clinic and are being used in all stages of disease, typically in combination with other therapies. As the therapeutic strategy evolves and we have a larger arsenal of targeted agents, we will be able to use judicious combination of drugs based on specific tumor characteristics assessed through genomic interrogation or other biologic targets. Such targeted approaches are likely to evolve to become the mainstay of myeloma therapies in the future.
Headache in Postoperative Isolated Sagittal Synostosis
Authors: van de Beeten Stephanie D. C. , Mathijssen Irene M. J. , Kamst Nathalie W. , van Veelen Marie-Lise C. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
This study investigates the relationship between headache and the occurrence of signs associated with intracranial hypertension such as ophthalmic signs, restricted skull growth, and a vertex bulge in children who were operated on for sagittal synostosis.

Methods:
A total of 94 patients (aged 6 to 18 years) with sagittal synostosis were asked to indicate their headache frequency. Based on their age at referral, the patients had undergone either frontobiparietal remodeling or an extended strip craniotomy. Data on funduscopy, optical coherence tomography, occipitofrontal head circumference, and presence of vertex bulge on radiography were collected retrospectively.

Results:
Univariate analysis showed that extended strip craniotomy, the occurrence of ophthalmic signs, and a smaller occipitofrontal head circumference at last follow-up were related to more frequent headaches (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, and p < 0.01, respectively). On multivariate analysis, only type of surgery and occipitofrontal head circumference at last follow-up remained significant predictors (p = 0.04 and p < 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions:
Although the reported rate of frequent headaches in this study is within the norm reported for the normal population, this study shows that after correction for sagittal craniosynostosis, frequent headaches are independently related to type of surgery and to occipitofrontal head circumference at last follow-up. Headaches in the sagittal craniosynostosis population may be related to papilledema and/or an increased total retinal thickness. Therefore, the authors recommend that occipitofrontal head circumference be routinely measured and that patients be asked about the occurrence and frequency of headaches during their checkup at the clinic.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Primary progressive aphasia: a model for neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Tee Boon Lead , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of reviewKnowledge on primary progressive aphasia (PPA) has expanded rapidly in the past few decades. Clinical characteristics, neuroimaging correlates, and neuropathological features of PPA are better delineated. This facilitates scientific studies on the disease pathophysiology and allows speech and language therapy to be more precisely targeted. This review article begins with a summary of the current understanding of PPA and discusses how PPA can serve as a model to promote scientific discovery in neurodegenerative diseases.Recent findingsStudies on the different variants of PPA have demonstrated the high compatibility between clinical presentations and neuroimaging features, and in turn, enhances the understanding of speech and language neuroanatomy. In addition to the traditional approach of lesion-based or voxel-based mapping, scientists have also adopted functional connectivity and network topology approaches that permits a more multidimensional understanding of neuroanatomy. As a result, pharmacological and cognitive therapeutic strategies can now be better targeted towards specific pathological/molecular and cognitive subtypes.SummaryRecent scientific advancement in PPA potentiates it to be an optimal model for studying brain network vulnerability, neurodevelopment influences and the effects of nonpharmacological intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
Technical Description of Long-Term High-Density EEG Monitoring Using 128-Channel Cap Applied With a Conductive Paste
Authors: Ochoa Juan G. , Rini James , Diaz Judy , Botwell Jennifer 
Published: January 2019

Purpose:
EEG is a common diagnostic tool to localize epileptic activity with excellent temporal resolution and, however, with relatively low spatial resolution. High-density EEG recording is limited in clinical practice, mainly because of electrode placement difficulties, need of high technical skills, and advanced equipment requirement.

Methods:
We described the technique of long-term EEG recording using a 128-channel neoprene cap placed with a dielectric paste in 7 patients with refractory epilepsy. We captured electrographic seizures in six of seven patients. The 128-channel EEG cap was well tolerated except for a mild headache. Daily impedance checks and reapplication of the high impedance leads maintained the recording with impedances below 10 kΩ.

Results:
Successful long-term recording of high-density EEG was able to capture seizures in six of seven patients. The time needed to apply the electrodes was approximately 1 hour and approximately 30 minutes daily for maintenance. The EEG source localization was obtained in six of seven patients, concordant within the sublobar region for both standard and high-density EEG recordings. Three patients reported a mild headache not leading to discontinuation of the recording.

Conclusions:
In general, long-term high-density scalp EEG recording with a dielectric paste is well tolerated and allows capturing both interictal and ictal data for localization. This small sample does not show a significant advantage in terms of sublobar localization when high-density EEG source is compared with standard 10 to 20 placement as long as the subtemporal areas are recorded.
Force-profile analysis of the cotranslational folding of HemK and filamin domains: Comparison of biochemical and biophysical folding assays
Authors: Kemp Grant , Kudva Renuka , Rosa Andrés de la , Heijne Gunnar von 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe have characterized the cotranslational folding of two small protein domains of different folds – the a-helical N-terminal domain of HemK and the β-rich FLN5 filamin domain – by measuring the force that the folding protein exerts on the nascent chain when located in different parts of the ribosome exit tunnel (Force-Profile Analysis - FPA), allowing us to compare FPA to three other techniques currently used to study cotranslational folding: real-time FRET, PET, and NMR. We find that FPA identifies the same cotranslational folding transitions as do the other methods, and that these techniques therefore reflect the same basic process of cotranslational folding in similar ways.
Higher frequency of extra-pair offspring in urban than forest broods of great tits (Parus major)
Authors: Pipoly Ivett , Szabó Krisztián , Bókony Veronika , Preiszner Bálint , Seress Gábor , Vincze Ernő , Schroeder Julia , Liker András 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUrbanization increasingly changes the ecological conditions for wild animal populations, influencing their demography, reproduction, and behaviour. While studies on the ecological consequences of urbanization frequently document a reduced number and poorer body condition of offspring in urban than in non-urban bird populations, consequences for other components of reproduction are rarely investigated. Mating with partners outside the social pair-bond is widespread in birds, and although theory predicts that the occurrence of extra-pair fertilizations (EPF) may be sensitive to the altered ecological conditions of cities, the effect of urbanization on EPF is poorly known. Here we used data from two urban and two forest populations collected over three years to test whether the frequency of extra-pair offspring (EPO) in great tit broods differed between the habitats. We found that significantly more broods contained EPO in urban habitats (48.9 %) than in forests (24.4 %). In broods with EPO, the number and proportion of EPO was similar in urban and forest broods. These results suggest that females that live in urban habitats are more likely to engage in EPF than those living in forests. Urban environments may either 1) provide more spatiotemporal opportunities to EPF because of higher breeding density and lower or more constant caterpillar supply in cities compared to natural habitats, or 2) enhance the benefits of EPF via increased fertility or due to disrupted quality signals caused by anthropogenic pollution. In addition, 3) females with higher propensity to engage in EPF may more likely settle in urban habitats.
Genome wide meta-analysis identifies genomic relationships, novel loci, and pleiotropic mechanisms across eight psychiatric disorders
Authors:   Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Lee Phil H. , Anttila Verneri , Won Hyejung , Feng Yen-Chen A. , Rosenthal Jacob , Zhu Zhaozhong , Tucker-Drob Elliot M. , Nivard Michel G. , Grotzinger Andrew D. , Posthuma Danielle , Wang Meg M.-J. , Yu Dongmei , Stahl Eli , Walters Raymond K. , Anney Richard J.L. , Duncan Laramie E. , Belangero Sintia , Luykx Jurjen , Kranzler Henry , Keski-Rahkonen Anna , Cook Edwin H. , Kirov George , Coppola Giovanni , Kaprio Jaakko , Zai Clement C. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Banaschewski Tobias , Rohde Luis A. ,   PGC Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Group,   PGC Autism Spectrum Disorder Group,   PGC Bipolar Disorder Group,   PGC Eating Disorders Group,   PGC Major Depressive Disorder Group,   PGC Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Tourette Syndrome Group,   PGC Schizophrenia Group, Sullivan Patrick F. , Franke Barbara , Daly Mark J. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Lewis Cathryn M. , McIntosh Andrew M. , O’Donovan Michael C. , Zheutlin Amanda , Andreassen Ole A. , Borglum Anders D. , Breen Gerome , Edenberg Howard J. , Fanous Ayman H. , Faraone Stephen V. , Gelernter Joel , Mathews Carol A. , Mattheisen Manuel , Mitchell Karen , Neale Michael C. , Nurnberger John I. , Ripke Stephan , Santangelo Susan L. , Scharf Jeremiah M. , Stein Murray B. , Thornton Laura M. , Walters James T.R. , Wray Naomi R. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Neale Benjamin , Kendler Kenneth S. , Smoller Jordan W. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryGenetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. We detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning in the second trimester prenatally, and play prominent roles in a suite of neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.
The HIV-1 ribonucleoprotein dynamically regulates its condensate behavior and drives acceleration of protease activity through membraneless granular phase separation
Authors: Lyonnais Sébastien , Sadiq S. Kashif , Lorca-Oró Cristina , Dufau Laure , Nieto-Marquez Sara , Escriba Tuixent , Gabrielli Natalia , Tan Xiao , Ouizougun-Oubari Mohamed , Okoronkwo Josephine , Reboud-Ravaux Michèle , Gatell José Maria , Marquet Roland , Paillart Jean-Christophe , Meyerhans Andreas , Tisné Carine , Gorelick Robert J. , Mirambeau Gilles 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA growing number of studies indicate that mRNAs and long ncRNAs can affect protein populations by assembling dynamic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules. These phase separated molecular ‘sponges’, stabilized by quinary (transient and weak) interactions, control proteins involved in numerous biological functions. Retroviruses such as HIV-1 form by self-assembly when their genomic RNA (gRNA) traps Gag and GagPol polyprotein precursors. Infectivity requires extracellular budding of the particle followed by maturation, an ordered processing of ~2400 Gag and ~120 GagPol by viral protease (PR). This leads to a condensed gRNA-NCp7 nucleocapsid and a CAp24-self-assembled capsid surrounding the RNP. The choreography by which all of these components dynamically interact during virus maturation is one of the missing milestones to fully depict the HIV life cycle. Here, we describe how HIV-1 has evolved a dynamic RNP granule with successive weak-strong-moderate quinary NC-gRNA networks during the sequential processing of the GagNC domain. We also reveal two palindromic RNA-binding triads on NC, KxxFxxQ and QxxFxxK, that provide quinary NC-gRNA interactions. Consequently, the nucleocapsid complex appears properly aggregated for capsid reassembly and reverse transcription, mandatory processes for viral infectivity. We show that PR is sequestered within this RNP and drives its maturation/condensation within minutes, this process being most effective at the end of budding. We anticipate such findings will stimulate further investigations of quinary interactions and emergent mechanisms in crowded environments throughout the wide and growing array of RNP granules.
Association between schizophrenia polygenic score and psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease: meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies
Authors: Creese Byron , Vassos Evangelos , Bergh Sverre , Athanasiu Lavinia , Johar Iskandar , Rongve Arvid , Medbøen Ingrid Tøndel , Da Silva Miguel Vasconcelos , Aakhus Eivind , Andersen Fred , Bettella Francesco , Braekhus Anne , Djurovic Srdjan , Paroni Giulia , Proitsi Petroula , Saltvedt Ingvild , Seripa Davide , Stordal Eystein , Fladby Tormod , Aarsland Dag , Andreassen Ole A. , Ballard Clive , Selbaek Geir ,   on behalf of the AddNeuroMed consortium and the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPsychosis (delusions and hallucinations) is common in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and associated with worse clinical outcomes including accelerated cognitive decline and shorter time to nursing home admission. Atypical antipsychotics have limited efficacy which, along with emerging genomic research, suggests some overlapping mechanisms with other disorders characterized by psychosis, like schizophrenia. In this study, we tested whether polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia was associated with psychotic symptoms in AD.MethodsSchizophrenia PRS was calculated using Psychiatric Genomics Consortium data at 10 GWAS p-value thresholds (PT) in 3,173 AD cases from 11 cohort studies. Association between PRS and AD psychosis status was tested by logistic regression in each cohort individually and the results meta-analyzed.ResultsThe schizophrenia PRS was associated with psychosis in AD at an optimumPTof The strongest association was for delusions where a one standard deviation increase in PRS was associated with a 1.17-fold increased risk (95% CI: 1.07-1.3; p=0.001).ConclusionThese new findings point towards psychosis in AD – and particularly delusions – sharing some genetic liability with schizophrenia, and support a transdiagnostic view of psychotic symptoms across the lifespan.