bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced chemical scheme for modelling warm to hot hydrogen-dominated atmospheres
Authors: Venot O. , Bounaceur R. , Dobrijevic M. , Hébrard E. , Cavalié T. , Tremblin P. , Drummond B. , Charnay B. 
Published: February 2019

Context. Three-dimensional models that account for chemistry are useful tools to predict the chemical composition of (exo)planet and brown dwarf atmospheres and interpret observations of future telescopes, such as James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey (ARIEL). Recent Juno observations of the NH3 tropospheric distribution in Jupiter also indicate that 3D chemical modelling may be necessary to constrain the deep composition of the giant planets of the solar system. However, due to the high computational cost of chemistry calculations, 3D chemical modelling has so far been limited.
Aims. Our goal is to develop a reduced chemical scheme from the full chemical scheme of Venot et al. 2012 (A&A, 546, A43) able to reproduce accurately the vertical profiles of the observable species (H2O, CH4, CO, CO2, NH3, and HCN). This reduced scheme should have a size compatible with three-dimensional models and be usable across a large parameter space (e.g. temperature, pressure, elemental abundance). The absence of C2H2 from our reduced chemical scheme prevents its use to study hot C-rich atmospheres.
Methods. We used a mechanism-processing utility program designed for use with Chemkin-Pro to reduce a full detailed mechanism. The ANSYS© Chemkin-Pro Reaction Workbench allows the reduction of a reaction mechanism for a given list of target species and a specified level of accuracy. We took a warm giant exoplanet with solar abundances, GJ 436b, as a template to perform the scheme reduction. To assess the validity of our reduced scheme, we took the uncertainties on the reaction rates into account in Monte Carlo runs with the full scheme, and compared the resulting vertical profiles with the reduced scheme. We explored the range of validity of the reduced scheme even further by applying our new reduced scheme to GJ 436b’s atmosphere with different elemental abundances, to three other exoplanet atmospheres (GJ 1214b, HD 209458b, HD 189733b), a brown dwarf atmosphere (SD 1110), and to the troposphere of two giant planets of the solar system (Uranus and Neptune).
Results. For all cases except one, the abundances predicted by the reduced scheme remain within the error bars of the model with the full scheme. Expectedly, we found important differences that cannot be neglected only for the C-rich hot atmosphere. The reduced chemical scheme allows more rapid runs than the full scheme from which it is derived (~30× faster).
Conclusions. We have developed a reduced scheme containing 30 species and 181 reversible reactions. This scheme has a large range of validity and can be used to study all kinds of warm atmospheres, except hot C-rich ones that contain a high amount of C2H2. It can be used in 1D models, for fast computations, but also in 3D models for hot giant (exo)planet and brown dwarf atmospheres.
Detection of highly excited OH towards AGB stars
Authors: Khouri T. , Velilla-Prieto L. , De Beck E. , Vlemmings W. H. T. , Olofsson H. , Lankhaar B. , Black J. H. , Baudry A. 
Published: February 2019

Aims. We characterise the gas in the extended atmospheres of the oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars W Hya and R Dor using high angular resolution ALMA observations.
Methods. We report the detection and investigate the properties of high-excitation Λ-doubling line emission of hydroxyl (OH).
Results. The OH lines are produced very close to the central stars and seem optically thin and with no maser effect. We analyse the molecular excitation using a population diagram and find rotational temperatures of ∼2500 K and column densities of ∼1019 cm−2 for both sources. For W Hya, we observe emission from vibrationally excited H2O arising from the same region as the OH emission. Moreover, CO v = 1, J = 3 − 2 emission also shows a brightness peak in the same region. Considering optically thin emission and the rotational temperature derived for OH, we find a CO column density ∼15 times higher than that of OH, within an area of (92 × 84) mas2 centred on the OH emission peak. These results should be considered tentative because of the simple methods employed. The observed OH line frequencies differ significantly from the predicted transition frequencies in the literature, and provide the possibility of using OH lines observed in AGB stars to improve the accuracy of the Hamiltonian used for the OH molecule. We predict stronger OH Λ-doubling lines at millimetre wavelengths than those we detected. These lines will be a good probe of shocked gas in the extended atmosphere and are possibly even suitable as probes of the magnetic field in the atmospheres of close-by AGB stars through the Zeeman effect.
Epitheliale Dystrophien der Hornhaut
Authors: Finis David , Stammen Johannes , Lisch Walter , Geerling Gerd 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag stellt die epithelialen und subepithelialen Hornhautdystrophien gemäß IC3D-Klassifikation und deren Abgrenzung gegenüber den Degenerationen dar. Neben der Einteilung wird auf die Diagnostik und Therapie der Hornhautdystrophien eingegangen; anschließend werden die einzelnen Krankheitsbilder besprochen.
Malaria – eine Reise durch Geschichte, Zellbiologie und Immunologie
Authors: Berker Moritz 
Published: February 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMalaria ist eine gefährliche Infektionskrankheit, die jedes Jahr mehr als 400 000 Menschenleben kostet. Angesichts des zunehmenden Auftretens von Resistenzen gegen die verfügbaren Medikamente erscheint die Entwicklung eines Impfstoffs dringend erforderlich, doch trotz starker Bemühungen war diese bislang nicht erfolgreich beziehungsweise die verfügbaren Impfungen nicht praxistauglich. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist die Infektion mit dem Erreger P. falciparum, die zu vielfältigen Komplikationen führen kann und damit akut lebensbedrohlich ist. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Erkrankung und fokussiert dabei besonders auf den bemerkenswerten Lebenszyklus und zellbiologische Charakteristika der einzelligen Parasiten sowie deren Interaktion mit dem Immunsystem.
Flexible Arbeitsformen und die Tätigkeit in Offshorewindparks
Authors: Mette Janika , Velasco Garrido Marcial , Mache Stefanie , Harth Volker , Preisser Alexandra M. 
Published: February 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Arbeit in der deutschen Offshorewindindustrie bietet Fachkräften ein neues, innovatives Tätigkeitsfeld. Die Offshorearbeit ist wesentlich durch Elemente flexibler Arbeitsformen charakterisiert. Hierzu zählen die berufsbedingte räumliche Mobilität der Beschäftigten, flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle (Schichtdienst, lange Arbeitszeiten) sowie atypische Beschäftigungsformen (Leiharbeit). Diese Elemente flexibler Arbeitsformen können mit Beanspruchungsfolgen bei den Beschäftigten verbunden sein. In Verbindung mit der räumlichen Mobilität können die Fachkräfte Schwierigkeiten erleben, ihr Arbeits- und Familienleben miteinander zu vereinbaren, ihr Arbeits- und Privatleben während der Einsätze klar voneinander zu trennen und nach Schichtende gedanklich von der Arbeit abzuschalten. Flexible Arbeitszeitmodelle (z. B. lange Arbeitszeiten) können mit Erschöpfungserleben bei den Beschäftigten einhergehen.
Sektorenübergreifende Entwicklungen in der Notfallversorgung
– Eine umfassende Analyse ambulanter und stationärer
Notfälle von 2009 bis 2015
Authors: Wahlster Philip , Czihal Thomas , Gibis Bernhard , Henschke Cornelia 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Steigende Fallzahlen in der Notfallversorgung,
unterschiedliche Versorgungslandschaften sowie ein verändertes
Inanspruchnahmeverhalten führen zu einem sich wandelnden
Versorgungsbedarf. Diese Arbeit analysiert sektorenübergreifende
Veränderungen der Patientencharakteristika und Indikationen von
ambulant und stationär behandelten Notfällen zwischen 2009
und 2015 sowie deren mögliche Ursachen.
Methode Auf Basis von ambulanten und stationären
Abrechnungsdaten erfolgen deskriptive Auswertungen hinsichtlich
Notfalldiagnosen sowie Notfallprävalenzen auf Grundlage der
Bevölkerungszahlen und deren zeitlichen Veränderungen.
Mithilfe eines generalisierten, linearen Regressionsmodels werden regionale
Verschiebungen ambulanter Fälle in der Notfallbehandlung zwischen
dem ambulanten und stationären Sektor untersucht.
Ergebnisse Von 2009 bis 2015 steigen ambulant behandelte
Notfälle sektorenübergreifend um 4%; in den
Notaufnahmen um 42% mit den höchsten Inzidenzratios
für die 20–34-Jährigen. Stationär
aufgenommen Notfälle steigen im gleichen Zeitraum um 20%,
wobei hier ältere Patienten den größten Anteil
haben. Das absolut für die meisten Krankenhausfälle
verantwortliche ICD-Kapitel ‚Krankheiten des
Kreislaufsystems‘ weist mit 64,7% die zweithöchste
Aufnahmewahrscheinlichkeit beim Vergleich des ambulanten und des
stationären Indikationsspektrums im Krankenhaus auf. Insgesamt
zeigen sich hinsichtlich des Indikationsspektrums stärkere
Variationen im Bereitschaftsdienst. Die ambulante Notfallversorgung wird
häufiger in Anspruch genommen, je gesünder (IRR 1,15 [KI
95%: 1,13; 1,16]) und urbaner (IRR 1,14 [KI 95%: 1,13;
1,15]) die Population ist.
Schlussfolgerung Die erstmalig sektorenübergreifende Analyse
der zeitlichen Entwicklung der indikationsspezifischen Notfallzahlen auf
Grundlage von bundesweit stationären und ambulanten Abrechnungsdaten
gibt einen Einblick in das Versorgungsgeschehen an der Grenzfläche
zwischen den Sektoren. Indikationen, die sowohl ambulant im
Bereitschaftsdienst als auch in den Notfallambulanzen behandelt werden sowie
zu stationären Aufnahmen führen, weisen auf ein
Steuerungspotenzial zu dem für den Patienten richtigen
Versorgungsangebot hin. Unterschiedliches Nutzungsverhalten kann durch
Interventionen für spezifische Patientensubgruppen adressiert
werden. Notwendig für die Entwicklung aller Maßnahmen ist
jedoch die sektorenübergreifende Perspektive auf das System der
Notfallversorgung.
Changing available energy for extratropical cyclones and associated convection in Northern Hemisphere summer
Authors: Gertler Charles G. , O’Gorman Paul A. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Extratropical cyclones and their associated convection play a central role in the weather of the midlatitudes and are changing with global warming. By analyzing trends in the energy of the mean state of the atmosphere that is available to be converted to kinetic energy, we show how the warming and moistening of the Northern Hemisphere extratropics relates to the observed weakening of extratropical summer cyclones. We also show that the component of this energy that can be released through convection has increased, despite the weakening of extratropical cyclones. Our results provide a unified framework that illustrates how the observed weakening of the extratropical cyclones in summer can occur while at the same time convection becomes more energetic.
Tissue self-organization based on collective cell migration by contact activation of locomotion and chemotaxis
Authors: Fujimori Taihei , Nakajima Akihiko , Shimada Nao , Sawai Satoshi 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceMigration of cells as a group is pivotal to the making of various tissues in developing embryos; however, their complexity hinders one from identifying the exact rules. We exploited relatively simple and conditional multicellularity of the social amoebaDictyosteliumto analyze tissue patterning from bottom up by identifying the navigation rules at the individual cell level. We uncovered a guidance mechanism directed by cell–cell contact which gives rise to collective migration and competes with diffusive attractant molecules. Competition of the two directional cues forms the basis of how cells position themselves in the multicellular aggregate according to cell type. A similar scheme of collective migration and sorting may underlie patterning of other developing tissues as well as cancer invasion.
Analysis of new direct sampling indicators for far-field measurements
Authors: Harris Isaac , Kleefeld Andreas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article focuses on the analysis of three direct sampling indicators which can be used for recovering scatterers from the far-field pattern of time-harmonic acoustic measurements. These methods fall under the category of sampling methods where an indicator function is constructed using the far-field operator. Motivated by some recent work, we study the standard indicator using the far-field operator and two indicators derived from the factorization method. We show equivalence of two indicators previously studied as well as propose a new indicator based on the Tikhonov regularization applied to the far-field equation for the factorization method. Finally, we give some numerical examples to show how the reconstructions compare to other direct sampling methods.
System based on subject-specific bands to recognize pedaling motor imagery: towards a BCI for lower-limb rehabilitation
Authors: Delisle-Rodriguez Denis , Cardoso Vivianne , Gurve Dharmendra , Loterio Flavia , Alejandra Romero-Laiseca Maria , Krishnan Sridhar , Bastos-Filho Teodiano 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study is to propose a recognition system of pedaling motor imagery for lower-limb rehabilitation, which uses unsupervised methods to improve the feature extraction, and consequently the class discrimination of EEG patterns. Approach. After applying a spectrogram based on short-time Fourier transform (SSTFT), both sparseness constraints and total power are used on the time-frequency representation to automatically locate the subject-specific bands that pack the highest power during pedaling motor imagery. The output frequency bands are employed in the recognition system to automatically adjust the cut-off frequency of a low-pass filter (Butterworth, 2nd order). Riemannian geometry is also used to extract spatial features, which are further analyzed through a fast version of neighborhood component analysis to increase the class separability. Main results. For ten healthy subjects, our recognition system based on subject-specific bands achieved mean accuracy of

and mean Kappa of

. Significance. Our approach can be used to obtain a low-cost robotic rehabilitation system based on motorized pedal, as pedaling exercises have shown great potential for improving the muscular performance of post-stroke survivors.
Exponential decay estimates for fundamental solutions of Schrödinger-type operators
Authors: Mayboroda Svitlana , Poggi Bruno 
Published: February 2019

In the present paper, we establish sharp exponential decay estimates for operator and integral kernels of the (not necessarily self-adjoint) operators

L
=
−
(
∇
−
i

a

)
T

A
(
∇
−
i

a

)
+
V

L=-(\nabla -i\mathbf {a})^TA(\nabla -i\mathbf {a})+V

. The latter class includes, in particular, the magnetic Schrödinger operator

−

(
∇
−
i

a

)

2

+
V

-\left (\nabla -i\mathbf {a}\right )^2+V

and the generalized electric Schrödinger operator

−

div

A
∇
+
V

-\textrm {div }A\nabla +V

. Our exponential decay bounds rest on a generalization of the Fefferman–Phong uncertainty principle to the present context and are governed by the Agmon distance associated with the corresponding maximal function. In the presence of a scale-invariant Harnack inequality—for instance, for the generalized electric Schrödinger operator with real coefficients—we establish both lower and upper estimates for fundamental solutions, thus demonstrating the sharpness of our results. The only previously known estimates of this type pertain to the classical Schrödinger operator

−
Δ
+
V

-\Delta +V

.
Association of Bacterial Vaginosis and Human Papilloma Virus Infection With Cervical Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
Authors: Dahoud Wissam , Michael Claire W , Gokozan Hamza , Nakanishi Amelia K , Harbhajanka Aparna 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). However, there is limited and conflicting literature on the relationship between bacterial vaginosis (BV) and SIL. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of BV and evaluate the association between BV and SIL.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on 10,546 cases between 2012 and 2017. HPV results were available in 7,081 cases.ResultsBV was present in 17.6% of cases. There was significant association between BV, positive HPV infection, and high-grade SIL. BV patients with negative HPV infection showed more squamous abnormalities than BV-negative HPV-negative patients.ConclusionsWe found there is a significant association between BV and SIL. BV is more common among patients with HPV infection and is independently associated with squamous abnormalities in cervical smears and surgical follow-up.
Methyl Bromide Fumigation to Eliminate Thousand Cankers Disease Causal Agents from Black Walnut
Authors: Seabright Kendhl W , Myers Scott W , Fraedrich Stephen W , Mayfield Albert E , Warden Melissa L , Taylor Adam 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Phytosanitary treatments for logs and barked wood products are needed to mitigate the spread of thousand cankers disease through the movement of these commodities. The disease threatens eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) populations in the United States. It is caused by repeated attacks by the walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman) and subsequent canker development caused by the fungal pathogen Geosmithia morbida M. Kolařík et al. Methyl bromide (MB) fumigations were evaluated for efficacy against P. juglandis and G. morbida in J. nigra bolts. Fumigation with 82 mg/L MB for 24 h at 4.5° C eliminated P. juglandis in J. nigra, but was ineffective against G. morbida. Subsequent experiments focused on eliminating G. morbida, but results were inconclusive because of low rates of pathogen recovery from naturally infested control bolts. Final experiments used J. nigra bolts artificially inoculated with G. morbida. Fumigations with 240 and 320 mg/L MB for 72 h at 10° C were effective in eliminating G. morbida from J. nigra bolts. Results confirm that the USDA fumigation treatment schedule for logs with the oak wilt pathogen will also mitigate the risk of spreading the thousand cankers disease vector and pathogen by movement of walnut bolts and wood products.
Monadic NM-algebras
Authors: Wang Juntao , He Pengfei , She Yanhong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate universal and existential quantifiers on NM-algebras. The resulting class of algebras will be called monadic NM-algebras. First, we show that the variety of monadic NM-algebras is algebraic semantics of the monadic NM-predicate logic. Moreover, we discuss the relationship among monadic NM-algebras, modal NM-algebras and rough approximation spaces. Second, we introduce and investigate monadic filters in monadic NM-algebras. Using them, we prove the subdirect representation theorem of monadic NM-algebras, and characterize simple and subdirectly irreducible monadic NM-algebras. Finally, we present the monadic NM-logic and prove its (chain) completeness with respect to (strong) monadic NM-algebras. These results constitute a crucial first step for providing an algebraic foundation for the monadic NM-predicate logic.
SLIPS-TENG: robust triboelectric nanogenerator with optical and charge transparency using a slippery interface
Authors: Xu Wanghuai , Zhou Xiaofeng , Hao Chonglei , Zheng Huanxi , Liu Yuan , Yan Xiantong , Yang Zhengbao , Leung Michael , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Xu Ronald X , Wang Zuankai 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Energy harvesting devices that prosper in harsh environments are highly demanded in a wide range of applications ranging from wearable and biomedical devices to self-powered and intelligent systems. Particularly, over the past several years, the innovation of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) that efficiently convert ambient kinetic energy of water droplets or wave power to electricity has received growing attention. One of the main bottlenecks for the practical implications of such devices originates from the fast degradation of the physiochemical properties of interfacial materials under harsh environments. To overcome these challenges, here we report the design of a novel slippery lubricant-impregnated porous surface (SLIPS) based TENG, referred to as SLIPS-TENG, which exhibits many distinctive advantages over conventional design including optical transparency, configurability, self-cleaning, flexibility, and power generation stability, in a wide range of working environments. Unexpectedly, the slippery and configurable lubricant layer not only serves as a unique substrate for liquid/droplet transport and optical transmission, but also for efficient charge transfer. Moreover, we show that there exists a critical thickness in the liquid layer, below which the triboelectric effect is almost identical to that without the presence of such a liquid film. Such an intriguing charge transparency behavior is reminiscent of the wetting transparency and van der Waals potential transparency of graphene previously reported, though the fundamental mechanism remains to be elucidated. We envision that the marriage of these two seemingly totally different arenas (SLIPS and TENG) provides a paradigm shift in the design of robust and versatile energy devices that can be used as a clean and longer-lifetime alternative in various working environments.
Occupational asthma caused by peracetic acid-hydrogen peroxide mixture
Authors: Walters G I , Burge P S , Moore V C , Thomas M O , Robertson A S 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Healthcare practice in the UK has moved away from using aldehyde disinfectants for the decontamination of endoscopes, in part due to the risk of respiratory sensitization. Peracetic acid (PAA) in combination with hydrogen peroxide (HP) is a commonly used alternative.

Aim
We describe a case of occupational asthma (OA) diagnosed at our specialist occupational lung disease clinic and caused by occupational exposure to PAA-HP mixture, used as a disinfectant in an endoscope washer-disinfector machine.

Case report
A 48-year-old man employed as a mycologist and environmental microbiologist at a Birmingham city hospital, UK, presented following an acute exposure to PAA-HP mixture causing lacrimation, burning optic pain and headache. He had also experienced symptoms suggestive of OA for the preceding 10 months, and the diagnosis was confirmed through OASYS analysis of serial peak expiratory flow measurements. He had been exposed to PAA-HP mixture whilst working in the endoscopy department for 12 months prior to the acute episode, and a subsequent specific inhalation challenge test was positive with a late asthmatic response to PAA-HP mixture.

Conclusion
This case provides evidence for a sensitization mechanism in OA caused by PAA-HP mixture.
Lodovico Castelvetro’s Heterodox Poetics
Authors: Leo Russ 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores how the heterodox Italian critic Lodovico Castelvetro appropriated Aristotle’s Poetics to religious ends in his influential 1570 commentary, the Poetica D’Aristotele Vulgarizzata, Et Sposta, a work that is seldom recognized as pious or polemical but which revises the ancient text with an eye to its meaning and utility in Reformed contexts. Castelvetro insists, after Aristotle, that tragedy is an exacting philosophical form, and the Poetics enables him to sharpen Reformed arguments concerning faith and authority. Castelvetro also affirms the importance of performance and, against Aristotle, contends that spectacle and stage-playing are integral to tragedy insofar as they accommodate otherwise difficult or forbidding concepts to diverse audiences. Castelvetro’s is a Melanchthonian interpretation of the Poetics, foregrounding accommodation and the edifying effects of performance, distinguishing between edifying, didactic tragedies and the meager capacities of their audiences.