bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tailorable Optical Response of Au–LiNbO3 Hybrid Metamaterial Thin Films for Optical Waveguide Applications
Authors: Huang Jijie , Jin Tiening , Misra Shikhar , Wang Han , Qi Zhimin , Dai Yaomin , Sun Xing , Li Leigang , Okkema Joseph , Chen Hou‐Tong , Lin Pao‐Tai , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhotonic integrated circuits require various optical materials with versatile optical properties and easy on‐chip device integration. To address such needs, a well‐designed nanoscale metal‐oxide metamaterial, that is, plasmonic Au nanoparticles embedded in nonlinear LiNbO3 (LNO) matrix, is demonstrated with tailorable optical response. Specifically, epitaxial and single‐domain LNO thin films with tailored Au nanoparticle morphologies (i.e., various nanoparticle sizes and densities), are grown by a pulsed laser deposition method. The optical measurement presents obvious surface plasmon resonance and dramatically varied complex dielectric function because of the embedded Au nanoparticles, and its response can be well tailored by varying the size and density of Au nanoparticles. An optical waveguide structure based on the thin film stacks of a‐Si on SiO2/Au‐LNO is fabricated and exhibits low optical dispersion with an optimized evanescent field staying in the LNO‐Au active layer. The hybrid Au‐LNO metamaterial thin films provide a novel platform for tunable optical materials and their future on‐chip integrations in photonic‐based integrated circuits.
Spin‐Selective Second‐Harmonic Vortex Beam Generation with Babinet‐Inverted Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Chen Yang , Yang Xiaodong , Gao Jie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces have drawn considerable attentions for their revolutionary capability of tailoring the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light. By integrating the nonlinear optical processes into metasurfaces, new wavelengths are introduced as an extra degree of freedom for further advancing the device performance. However, most of the existing nonlinear plasmonic metasurfaces are based on metallic nanoantennas as meta‐atoms, suffering from strong background transmission, low laser damage threshold and small nonlinear conversion efficiency. Here, Babinet‐inverted plasmonic metasurfaces made of C‐shaped nanoapertures as meta‐atoms are designed and demonstrated to solve these issues. Rotation‐gradient nonlinear metasurfaces are further constructed for producing spin‐selective second‐harmonic vortex beams with the orbital angular momentum (OAM) and beam diffraction angle determined by both the spin states of the fundamental wave and second‐harmonic emission. The results enable new types of functional metasurface chips for applications in spin, OAM, and wavelength multiplexed optical trapping, all‐optical communication, and optical data storage.
Cell Membrane–Camouflaged Colloid Motors for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gao Changyong , Lin Zhihua , Lin Xiankun , He Qiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNatural cell membrane–camouflaged colloid motors can not only convert the surrounding environmental energy into directed movement but also possess the functions of natural cell membranes. They can autonomously move and are guided by exogenous (e.g., chemical fuel, light, magnetic field, and ultrasound) and endogenous (i.e., chemotaxis) stimuli. These biointerfacing colloid motors with efficient drug loading/transporting capacity, prolonged blood circulation, and antibiofouling and specific targeting abilities are expected to open up opportunities for various biomedical applications and are recognized as the next‐generation therapeutic systems. In this progress report, the authors highlight the recent progress in research on cell membrane–coated colloid motors, as well as their potential for biomedical applications. The limitations and challenges of these colloid motors for in vivo applications are also addressed.
Maximum Entropy Method Visualization of Disorder and Ion Migration in Thermoelectric Cu2‐δSe
Authors: Dalgaard Kirstine J. , Eikeland Espen Z. , Sist Mattia , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCu2‐δSe is a cheap, nontoxic high performance thermoelectric material with extraordinary properties such as liquid‐like phonons or a large enhancement of the thermopower at the phase transition between the low temperature β‐phase and the super‐ion conducting high temperature α‐phase. Here, the nuclear‐weighted X‐ray maximum entropy method (NXMEM) is used to study disorder and ion migration in both the β‐ and the α‐phase based on the analysis of single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The NXMEM density calculated at different temperatures very convincingly shows an unbiased view of ion migration from copper‐rich to copper‐deficient layers eventually leading to the equal distribution in the cubic high temperature phase. This directly confirms that copper mobility and disordering is the driving force behind the peculiar phase transition. In the super‐ionic phase, no density is observed in the octahedral holes even though it is the point of lowest density in the Se anion procrystal. Thus, Cu ions neither occupy this site at equilibrium nor use this site for migration. The NXMEM density suggests an ion migration pathway between 32f sites skirting around the octahedral cavity. In Cu2Se, the strong cation–cation repulsion leads to cooperative effects with highly complex equilibrium disorder and ion migration paths.
Over 100‐nm‐Thick MoOx Films with Superior Hole Collection and Transport Properties for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Bei , Chen Yu , Cui Yong , Liu Delong , Xu Bowei , Hou Jianhui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHerein, a novel and effective method to prepare n‐doped MoOx films with highly improved conductivity is reported. The MoOx films are readily prepared by spin‐coating an aqueous solution containing ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate and vitamin C (VC). As confirmed by UV–vis absorption, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, Mo(VI) is partially reduced to Mo(V) by VC, resulting in the n‐doping of MoOx. The conductivity of the n‐doped MoOx (H:V‐Mo) film can be enhanced by four orders of magnitude compared to pristine MoOx (H‐Mo), that is, from 1.2 × 10−7 to 1.1 × 10−3 S m−1. The device using a 10 nm H:V‐Mo anode interlayer (AIL) exhibits comparable photovoltaic performance to a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)‐modified device. More importantly, the hole transport and collection properties of the H:V‐Mo AILs show outstanding tolerance to thickness variation, that is, with increasing thickness of the H:V‐Mo AIL from 10 to 150 nm, the V oc and fill factor values of the devices remain unchanged. The device based on the blade‐coated H:V‐Mo AIL also has a high power conversion efficiency of 10.6%. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this work demonstrates the first example to prepare metal oxide AILs with outstanding tolerance to thickness, which is promising for the future large‐area manufacturing.
Graphitic Carbon Nanocage as a Stable and High Power Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Bin , Zhang Qing , Liu Huan , Xu Bin , Zhang Shilin , Zhou Tengfei , Mao Jianfeng , Pang Wei Kong , Guo Zaiping , Li Ang , Zhou Jisheng , Chen Xiaohong , Song Huaihe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs an emerging electrochemical energy storage device, potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have drawn growing interest due to the resource‐abundance and low cost of potassium. Graphite‐based materials, as the most common anodes for commercial Li‐ion batteries, have a very low capacity when used an anode for Na‐ion batteries, but they show reasonable capacities as anodes for PIBs. The practical application of graphitic materials in PIBs suffers from poor cyclability, however, due to the large interlayer expansion/shrinkage caused by the intercalation/deintercalation of potassium ions. Here, a highly graphitic carbon nanocage (CNC) is reported as a PIBs anode, which exhibits excellent cyclability and superior depotassiation capacity of 175 mAh g−1 at 35 C. The potassium storage mechanism in CNC is revealed by cyclic voltammetry as due to redox reactions (intercalation/deintercalation) and double‐layer capacitance (surface adsorption/desorption). The present results give new insights into structural design for graphitic anode materials in PIBs and understanding the double‐layer capacitance effect in alkali metal ion batteries.
Segmental allopolyploidy in action: Increasing diversity through polyploid hybridization and homoeologous recombination
Authors: Leal‐Bertioli Soraya C. M. , Godoy Ignácio J. , Santos João F. , Doyle Jeff J. , Guimarães Patrícia M. , Abernathy Brian L. , Jackson Scott A. , Moretzsohn Márcio C. , Bertioli David J. 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyThe genetic bottleneck of polyploid formation can be mitigated by multiple origins, gene flow, and recombination among different lineages. In crop plants with limited origins, efforts to increase genetic diversity have limitations. Here we used lineage recombination to increase genetic diversity in peanut, an allotetraploid likely of single origin, by crossing with a novel allopolyploid genotype and selecting improved lines.MethodsSingle backcross progeny from cultivated peanut × wild species‐derived allotetraploid cross were studied over successive generations. Using genetic assumptions that encompass segmental allotetraploidy, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms and whole‐genome sequence data to infer genome structures.Key ResultsSelected lines, despite a high proportion of wild alleles, are agronomically adapted, productive, and with improved disease resistances. Wild alleles mostly substituted homologous segments of the peanut genome. Regions of dispersed wild alleles, characteristic of gene conversion, also occurred. However, wild chromosome segments sometimes replaced cultivated peanut's homeologous subgenome;A. ipaënsisB sometimes replacedA. hypogaeaA subgenome (~0.6%), andA. duranensisreplacedA. hypogaeaB subgenome segments (~2%). Furthermore, some subgenome regions historically lost in cultivated peanut were “recovered” by wild chromosome segments (effectively reversing the “polyploid ratchet”). These processes resulted in lines with new genome structure variations.ConclusionsGenetic diversity was introduced by wild allele introgression, and by introducing new genome structure variations. These results highlight the special possibilities of segmental allotetraploidy and of using lineage recombination to increase genetic diversity in peanut, likely mirroring what occurs in natural segmental allopolyploids with multiple origins.
A Supramolecular [10]CPP Junction Enables Efficient Electron Transfer in Modular Porphyrin–[10]CPP⊃Fullerene Complexes
Authors: Xu Youzhi , Wang Bingzhe , Kaur Ramandeep , Minameyer Martin B. , Bothe Michael , Drewello Thomas , Guldi Dirk M. , von Delius Max 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEfficient photoinduced electron transfer was observed across a [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) moiety that serves as a rigid non‐covalent bridge between a zinc porphyrin and a range of fullerenes. The preparation of iodo‐[10]CPP is the key to the synthesis of a porphyrin–[10]CPP conjugate, which binds C60, C70, (C60)2, and other fullerenes (KA>105 m−1). Fluorescence and pump–probe spectroscopy revealed intramolecular energy transfer between CPP and porphyrin and also efficient charge separation between porphyrin and fullerenes, affording up to 0.5 μs lifetime charge‐separated states. The advantage of this approach towards electron donor–acceptor dyads is evident in the case of dumbbell‐shaped (C60)2, which gave intricate charge‐transfer behavior in 1:1 and 2:1 complexes. These results suggest that [10]CPP and its cross‐coupled derivatives could act as supramolecular mediators of charge transport in organic electronic devices.
A Highly Photostable Near‐Infrared Labeling Agent Based on a Phospha‐rhodamine for Long‐Term and Deep Imaging
Authors: Grzybowski Marek , Taki Masayasu , Senda Kieko , Sato Yoshikatsu , Ariyoshi Tetsuro , Okada Yasushi , Kawakami Ryosuke , Imamura Takeshi , Yamaguchi Shigehiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVarious fluorescence microscopy techniques require bright NIR‐emitting fluorophores with high chemical and photostability. Now, the significant performance improvement of phosphorus‐substituted rhodamine dyes (PORs) upon substitution at the 9‐position with a 2,6‐dimethoxyphenyl group is reported. The thus obtained dye PREX 710 was used to stain mitochondria in living cells, which allowed long‐term and three‐color imaging in the vis‐NIR range. Moreover, the high fluorescence longevity of PREX 710 allows tracking a dye‐labeled biomolecule by single‐molecule microscopy under physiological conditions. Deep imaging of blood vessels in mice brain has also been achieved using the bright NIR‐emitting PREX 710‐dextran conjugate.
HFIP‐Assisted C−H Functionalization by Cp*CoIII: Access to Key Reactive Cobaltacycles and Implication in Catalysis
Authors: Sanjosé‐Orduna Jesús , Sarria Toro Juan Manuel , Pérez‐Temprano Mónica H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDescribed here is a synthetic approach to access two of the most widely invoked cationic cobaltacycles in Cp*CoIII‐catalyzed C−H functionalization reactions by C−H activation. The unique stabilizing capability of MeCN was used to surmount the previously proposed reversible nature of the C−H metalation step. Moreover, it is revealed the boosting effect of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol in the metalation step and in the reaction between N‐pyrimidinylindole and diphenylacetylene under catalytic conditions.
Highly Reactive and Tracelessly Cleavable Cysteine‐Specific Modification of Proteins via 4‐Substituted Cyclopentenone
Authors: Yu Jian , Yang Xiaoyue , Sun Yang , Yin Zheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA rapid and cysteine‐specific modification of proteins using 4‐substituted cyclopentenone via a Michael addition tandem elimination reaction was developed. Compared to the classical method, this reaction featured fast kinetics with a stable product. More importantly, this conjugation could be tracelessly removed by exchange with a Michael addition donor. The conjugation and regeneration process not only exhibited little change to the structures or conformations of the proteins but also exhibited little disturbance to their biological functions, such as their enzymatic activities.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural Using High‐Surface‐Area Nickel Boride
Authors: Barwe Stefan , Weidner Jonas , Cychy Steffen , Morales Dulce M. , Dieckhöfer Stefan , Hiltrop Dennis , Masa Justus , Muhler Martin , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe electrochemical oxidation of the biorefinery product 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), an important platform chemical for the polymer industry, is receiving increasing interest. FDCA‐based polymers such as polyethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate (PEF) are sustainable candidates for replacing polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Herein, we report the highly efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA, using Ni foam modified with high‐surface‐area nickel boride (NixB) as the electrode. Constant potential electrolysis in combination with HPLC revealed a high faradaic efficiency of close to 100 % towards the production of FDCA with a yield of 98.5 %. Operando electrochemistry coupled to ATR‐IR spectroscopy indicated that HMF is oxidized preferentially via 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid rather than via 2,5‐diformylfuran, which is in agreement with HPLC results. This study not only reports a low‐cost active electrocatalyst material for the electrochemical oxidation of HMF to FDCA, but additionally provides insight into the reaction pathway.
Crinkled employs wingless pathway for wing development in Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Li Chengjun , Lu Yaoyao , Ma Shangshang , Lü Peng , Li Bin , Chen Keping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCrinkled is associated with embryonic denticle formation and auditory organ development in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the functions of Crinkled have not been fully investigated. Additionally, the genes that participate in the Crinkled pathway are unknown. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that crinkled exhibits a one‐to‐one orthologous relationship in insects. In Tribolium castaneum, the crinkled gene is 6,498 bp in length and consists of six exons. Crinkled expression peaked during two phases in Tribolium: late embryonic and pupal stages. High levels of crinkled mRNA were detected in the fat body, head, epidermis, ovary, and accessory gland of late adults. Knockdown of crinkled using RNA interference (RNAi) severely affected wing morphogenesis in T. castaneum. We further showed that crinkled silencing reduced forked expression through wingless and shaven‐baby, and RNAi of forked phenocopied the effects of crinkled knockdown in T. castaneum. This study investigated the development role of crinkled in postembryonic stages and indicated that forked mediates the functions of crinkled during wing morphogenesis in T. castaneum.
Multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease: Synthesis, biological evaluations, and docking studies of o/p‐propoxyphenylsubstituted‐1H‐benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Sarıkaya Görkem , Çoban Güneş , Parlar Sülünay , Tarikogullari Ayse H. , Armagan Güliz , Erdoğan Mümin A. , Alptüzün Vildan , Alpan Ayşe S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study indicates the synthesis, cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activity, and molecular modeling studies of 48 compounds as o‐ and p‐(3‐substitutedethoxyphenyl)‐1H‐benzimidazole derivatives. According to the ChE inhibitor activity results, generally, para series are more active against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) whereas ortho series are more active against butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). The most active compounds against AChE and BuChE are compounds A12 and B14 with IC50 values of 0.14 and 0.22 μM, respectively. Additionally, the most active 16 compounds against AChE/BuChE were chosen to investigate the neuroprotective effects, and the results indicated that most of the compounds have free radical scavenging properties and show their effects by reducing free radical production; moreover, some of the compounds significantly increased the viability of SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to H2O2. Overall, compounds A12 and B14 with potential AChE and BuChE inhibitory activities, high neuroprotection against H2O2‐induced toxicity, free radical scavenging properties, and metal chelating abilities may be considered as lead molecules for the development of multi‐target‐directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease.
Natural Triterpenoid‐ and Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)‐Pendant‐Containing Block and Random Copolymers: Aggregation and pH‐Controlled Release
Authors: Li Ying , Gao Yuxia , Wang Bo , Hao Jie , Hu Jun , Ju Yong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this research, a series of random and block amphiphilic copolymers of norbornene derivatives containing biocompatible natural triterpenoid and oligo(ethylene glycol) pendants were synthesized by ring‐opening metathesis polymerization. These copolymers were heat and pH responsive, and could self‐assemble into core–shell spherical micelles in aqueous solution. Their hydrodynamic diameters corresponded to pH values and monomer sequences. By evaluating the loading and release capacity of hydrophobic molecules, it was found that 1) the higher the content of the hydrophobic triterpenoid, the higher the loading capacity; 2) the release speed could be trigged by the pH because of the deprotonation of the carboxyl groups on the triterpenoid. Additionally, the copolymers exhibited low cytotoxicity toward L929 cells, which makes them potential nanocarrier candidates for controlled drug delivery.
Vereinheitlichte Schadensbeschreibung und Risikobewertung von Bauwerken unter extremen Naturgefahren
Authors: Maiwald Holger , Schwarz Jochen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInternational liegen verschiedene Klassifikationsschemen für die Bewertung von Bauwerksschäden infolge der unterschiedlichen Naturgefahren vor. Diese sind aufgrund ihrer Heterogenität nur unzureichend für die Betrachtung von Schäden im Sinne eines Multi‐Hazard‐Ansatzes geeignet.Für die Bewertung der Verletzbarkeit von Bauwerken gegenüber verschiedenen Naturgefahren und die Prognose von Schäden ist eine vereinheitlichte Systematik erforderlich, mit der wiederholt beobachtete Schadensbilder in ein Schema von Schadensgraden überführt werden können. Mit diesem Instrumentarium kann der Schaden einheitlich ausgewertet und der Zusammenhang zu den Einwirkungskenngrößen hergestellt werden.Dabei wird dem Vorgehen der European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS‐98) für Erdbebenschäden gefolgt, indem zwischen strukturellen und nicht strukturellen Schäden unterschieden wird, denen in Form von Schadensgraden charakteristische Schadensbilder zuordenbar sind.Es wird ein allgemeines Klassifikationsschema für Bauwerksschäden vorgestellt, mit dem eine Vergleichbarkeit der Schäden infolge der einzelnen Naturgefahren hergestellt werden kann.Auf Grundlage real beobachteter Schadensfälle werden die typischen Schadensmuster für die Naturgefahren Hochwasser, Tsunami und Wind herausgearbeitet und in aufeinander abgestimmte Schadensgrade klassifiziert.Mit den eingeführten Schadensskalen steht erstmals ein Instrumentarium zur Verfügung, um Schadensfälle an einem Gebäudebestand infolge unterschiedlicher Naturgefahren nach ingenieurmäßig vereinheitlichten Kriterien bewerten zu können. Im Ausblick steht die Prognose der Schäden infolge der unterschiedlichen Naturgefahren und ihrer möglichen Abfolgen.
Konzeptionelle Grundlagen und Tools zur Bewertung der Multi‐Hazard‐Verletzbarkeit von Bestandsbauten
Authors: Schwarz Jochen , Maiwald Holger , Kaufmann Christian , Langhammer Tobias , Beinersdorf Silke 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMit der European Macroseismic Scale 1998 – (EMS‐98) steht für die Naturgefahr Erdbeben ein Instrumentarium zur Verfügung, das durch Einführung und konkrete Umsetzung der Verletzbarkeitsklassen (vulnerability classes) die Erklärung der beobachteten Unterschiede im Verhalten der vorherrschenden Bauweisen ermöglicht, zugleich aber auch die Kennzeichnung der rein empirisch begründeten Streubreiten zulässt.Die grundlegende Methodik ist auch auf andere Naturgefahren wie Hochwasser, Tsunami und Wind übertragbar. Dies ermöglicht die Entwicklung einer vereinheitlichten Methodik zur Berücksichtigung der Bauwerksverletzbarkeit im Sinne eines Multi‐Hazard‐Ansatzes.Erstmals steht ein verletzbarkeitsorientiertes Instrumentarium zur Verfügung, um einen Gebäudebestand für unterschiedliche Naturgefahren nach ingenieurmäßig vereinheitlichten Kriterien bewerten zu können.Die Multi‐Hazard‐Verletzbarkeit mit ihren möglichen Streubreiten wird an realen Bauwerksbeständen untersucht und visualisiert.Mit dem Konzept der „LEGOisierung“ der Bestandsgebäude wird ein neuartiger Ansatz vorgestellt, um über die Substrukturierung der Gebäude in Geschosse (inkl. Dach, Keller und Decken) eine Weiterentwicklung der Typisierung in Richtung konkreter Schadensmerkmale und der lokalen Verletzbarkeit zu ermöglichen.Es wird ein Ausblick auf ein zu entwickelndes „Konzeptionelles Simulations‐Tool“ gegeben, welches mit den entwickelten Tools und Methoden die Simulation von Schäden und Verlusten infolge verschiedener Naturgefahren und ihrer Abfolgen ermöglicht.