bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a harmonised soil profile analytical database for Europe: a resource for supporting regional soil management
Authors: Kristensen Jeppe Aagaard , Balstrøm Thomas , Jones Robert J. A. , Jones Arwyn , Montanarella Luca , Panagos Panos , Breuning-Madsen Henrik 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Soil mapping is an essential method for obtaining a spatial overview of soil
resources that are increasingly threatened by environmental change and
population pressure. Despite recent advances in digital soil-mapping
techniques based on inference, such methods are still immature for
large-scale soil mapping. During the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, soil scientists
constructed a harmonised soil map of Europe (1:1 000 000) based on national soil
maps. Despite this extraordinary regional overview of the spatial
distribution of European soil types, crude assumptions about soil properties
were necessary for translating the maps into thematic information relevant to
management. To support modellers with analytical data connected to the soil
map, the European Soil Bureau Network (ESBW) commissioned the development of the soil profile analytical database for Europe (SPADE) in the late 1980s. This
database contains soil analytical data based on a standardised set of soil
analytical methods across the European countries. Here, we review the
principles adopted for developing the SPADE database during the past five
decades, the work towards fulfilling the milestones of full geographic
coverage for dominant soils in all the European countries (SPADE level 1)
and the addition of secondary soil types (SPADE level 2). We illustrate the
application of the database by showing the distribution of the root zone
capacity and by estimating the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks at a depth
of 1 m for Europe to be 60×1015 g. The increased accuracy, potentially
obtained by including secondary soil types (level 2), is shown in a case
study to estimate SOC stocks in Denmark. Until data from systematic
cross-European soil-sampling programmes have sufficient spatial coverage for
reliable data interpolation, integrating national soil maps and locally
assessed analytical data into a harmonised database remains a powerful
resource to support soil resources management at regional and continental
scales by providing a platform to guide sustainable soil management and food
production.
Ancillary Services in Honduras, Regulatory Framework and Proposals for Its Development in the System
Authors: Pérez Jorge Andrés , Reyes Ellis Moisés , Vindel Tannia Karina 
Published: October 2019

The ancillary services are essential in the power Systems operation, historically this services haven’t been regulated in any way in Honduras. There have been changes recently into the regulatory framework in the entire electricity sector alongside the large-scale injection of photovoltaic and wind powered centrals in the System. Considering these scenarios, the ancillary services become a necessity in terms of the operation for the power system and the stability associated with it.
In this paper, we analyze the technical and economic aspects related to the frequency control, voltage control and blackstart services, we compare the services provided in different countries and how it is possible to adapt the successful cases to the Honduran power system.
Zeven scènes uit het leven van een 150-jarige
Authors: Loth M.A. 
Published: October 2019

Zeven scènes uit het leven van een 150-jarige
Dit jaar viert het Gemeenschappelijk Hof van Justitie zijn 150-jarig bestaan. Voor die gelegenheid staat de auteur stil bij de betekenis van het Hof voor de moderne Caribische rechtsstaat en samenleving. Daartoe worden zeven scènes geschetst waarin centraal staan de relaties van het Hof tot de burger, de overheid, de bestuurders, de rechtsorde, het algemeen belang, de Hoge Raad, en het interne bestuur en beheer. Op al deze fronten heeft het Hof zich aangepast aan nieuwe noden en aspiraties van de samenleving. De conclusie is dat het Hof zich heeft ontwikkeld tot een van de krachtigste instituties van de Caribische samenleving.
Regulatory Approaches to Facebook and Other Social Media Platforms: Towards Platforms Design Accountability
Authors: Mazúr Ján , Patakyová Mária T. 
Published: October 2019

The paper represents a contribution to the ongoing discussion on regulating social media platforms (SMP) and especially Facebook, mostly fueled by a recent series of scandals such as Cambridge Analytica, which highlighted the recognized problem of Facebook’s lack of accountability. In response to the scandal, which coincided with long-expected wide-scale implementation of the EU’s GDPR, Facebook introduced a series of measures on its platform, such as improved traceability of advertisers, or greater power over one’s own data. Besides, Facebook was put under scrutiny of competition law authorities, mainly the German Bundeskartellamt. Taking into consideration all the regulatory approaches, the question remains whether sufficiently effective design for holding the SMPs accountable has been established or not. In the paper, we first outline the accountability issues SMPs currently face, namely the data handling and privacy issue, the platforms’ impact on political processes, or related monopolistic positioning. We ascertain that common denominator of these issues is the platforms’ design, which is created to achieve business objectives, while imposing substantial negative externalities on the society. Alongside, we review the platforms’ reactions, i.e. the self-regulatory measures adopted by the platforms in 2017–2018. We also specifically focus on the evaluation of the competition law as one instrument of regulating certain aspects of the platforms, especially in light of the recent German Bundeskartellamt decision on Facebook. We claim that most of the measures and current instruments, although improving the lack of accountability, fall short of addressing the core issue of Facebook’s status – absence of scrutiny over the platform’s design.
Goffman's Theory as a Framework for Analysis of Self Presentation on Online Social Networks
Authors: Merunková Lucie , Šlerka Josef 
Published: October 2019

To investigate how people form their identity on social networks and control the impressions they invoke in their audiences, we analyzed personal profiles of 50 university student Facebook users using Erving Gofmann´s dramaturgical theory. We identified five basic forms through which users create and present their identities: The Public diary, The Influencer, The Entertainer, Job and education and Hobby, as well as the appropriate secondary roles performed by users who interact with them.These findings are corroborated by 8 semi-structured interviews with respondents, which enable a more in-depth exploration of the way they use Facebook, the social interactions they participate in, their motivation for posting contributions, and how they engage in impression management, perceive privacy and resolve issues caused by multiple audiences.A better understanding of how privacy is conceived and what motivates users to share their personal information online is essential for public authorities’ cooperation on shaping company privacy policies and creation of appropriate legal regulations.The key results confirm the presence of conscious effort to make a desired impression and prove Goffman’s theory of face-to-face interactions to be relevant in the context of online social networks.
Evaluation of Different Methods Used to Calculate Ideal Body Weight in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Kang Kai , Absher Randy , Farrington Elizabeth , Ackley Renee , So Tsz-Yin 
Published: October 2019

OBJECTIVES Accurate determination of ideal body weight (IBW) in pediatric patients is important for the proper dosing of many medications and the classification of nutritional status. There is no consensus on the best method to calculate IBW. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare 7 different methods used to calculate IBW in the pediatric population.METHODS This was a retrospective observational study. All subjects were pediatric inpatients at a 536-bed community teaching hospital between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017. Subjects were divided into 2 cohorts: cohort 1 was aged 12 months and 0 day to 35 months and 30 days, and cohort 2 was aged 36 months and 0 day to 17 years and 364 days. The McLaren method was used as the reference to compare with 6 other methods: Moore method, Devine method, American Dietetic Association (ADA) method, body mass index (BMI) method, Traub equation, and simplified Traub equation.RESULTS For cohort 1 (n = 347), the Moore method was not statistically different from the McLaren method with a mean difference of −0.07 kg (95% CI: −0.14 to 0.01, p = 0.07). For cohort 2 (n = 1095), the BMI method was not statistically different from the McLaren method with a mean difference of 0.17 kg (95% CI: −0.07 to 0.40, p = 0.17).CONCLUSIONS In both cohorts, the majority of methods used to calculate IBW in pediatric patients leads to statistically different results when compared with the McLaren method. For certain methods, these differences become pronounced at high and low height percentiles and in older age groups.
Radial access versus femoral access in myocardial infarction – a single-center experience
Authors: Kanič Vojko , Balevski Igor , Granda Samo , Naji Franjo Husam , Krajnc Igor , Kompara Gregor 
Published: October 2019

Background
Data on the relationship between radial access (RA) and outcome in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are inconclusive. The aim of our study was to assess whether RA is associated with 30-day mortality in patients with MI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in our center or whether the possible benefit of RA is the result of less bleeding and other confounding factors.
Methods
We retrospectively studied 3501 consecutive patients with MI who underwent PCI between January 2012 and December 2016. The 30-day mortality in the RA and femoral access (FA) groups was observed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results
RA patients had a significantly lower 30-day unadjusted mortality [53(3.8%) patients died in the RA group compared to 207(9.8%) patients in the FA group; p<0.0001]. After adjustments for confounders, the difference was no longer significant (adjusted OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.22). Cardiogenic shock, age over 70 years, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, anemia on admission, renal dysfunction on admission, ST-elevation MI, bleeding, the contrast volume/GFR ratio, but not RA, predicted 30-day mortality.

Conclusion
RA was not associated with 30-day mortality in patients with MI undergoing PCI. Our study result suggests that the better outcome in the RA group was influenced by confounding factors, especially bleeding and hemodynamic impairment.
Validation of COI metabarcoding primers for terrestrial arthropods
Authors: Elbrecht Vasco , Braukmann Thomas W.A. , Ivanova Natalia V. , Prosser Sean W.J. , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Wright Michael , Zakharov Evgeny V. , Hebert Paul D.N. , Steinke Dirk 
Published: October 2019

Metabarcoding can rapidly determine the species composition of bulk samples and thus aids biodiversity and ecosystem assessment. However, it is essential to use primer sets that minimize amplification bias among taxa to maximize species recovery. Despite this fact, the performance of primer sets employed for metabarcoding terrestrial arthropods has not been sufficiently evaluated. This study tests the performance of 36 primer sets on a mock community containing 374 insect species. Amplification success was assessed with gradient PCRs and the 21 most promising primer sets selected for metabarcoding. These 21 primer sets were also tested by metabarcoding a Malaise trap sample. We identified eight primer sets, mainly those including inosine and/or high degeneracy, that recovered more than 95% of the species in the mock community. Results from the Malaise trap sample were congruent with the mock community, but primer sets generating short amplicons produced potential false positives. Taxon recovery from both mock community and Malaise trap sample metabarcoding were used to select four primer sets for additional evaluation at different annealing temperatures (40–60 °C) using the mock community. The effect of temperature varied by primer pair but overall it only had a minor effect on taxon recovery. This study reveals the weak performance of some primer sets employed in past studies. It also demonstrates that certain primer sets can recover most taxa in a diverse species assemblage. Thus, based our experimental set up, there is no need to employ several primer sets targeting the same gene region. We identify several suitable primer sets for arthropod metabarcoding, and specifically recommend BF3 + BR2, as it is not affected by primer slippage and provides maximal taxonomic resolution. The fwhF2 + fwhR2n primer set amplifies a shorter fragment and is therefore ideal when targeting degraded DNA (e.g., from gut contents).
Bees may drive the reproduction of four sympatric cacti in a vanishing coastal mediterranean-type ecosystem
Authors: Guerrero Pablo C. , Antinao Claudia A. , Vergara-Meriño Beatriz , Villagra Cristian A. , Carvallo Gastón O. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundSympatric congeneric plants might share pollinators, or each species might avoid competition by evolving specialized traits that generate partitions in pollinator assemblages. In both cases, pollen limitation (a decrease in the quality and quantity of compatible reproductive pollen) can occur, driving the plant mating system to autogamy as a mechanism of reproductive assurance. We assessed the relationships between pollinator assemblages and mating systems in a group of sympatric congeneric plants. We attempted to answer the following questions: (i) How similar are pollinator assemblages among sympatric cactus species? (ii) Which mating systems do sympatric cactus species use?MethodsWe studied sympatricEriosycetaxa that inhabit a threatened coastal strip in a mediterranean-type ecosystem in central Chile. We performed field observations on four taxa and characterized pollinators during the years 2016 and 2017. We estimated differences in the pollinator assemblages using the Bray–Curtis index. To elucidate the mating systems, we conducted hand-pollination experiments using three treatments: manual cross-pollination, automatic self-pollination, and control (unmanipulated individuals). We tested differences in seed production for statistical significance using Kruskal–Wallis analysis.ResultsEriosyce subgibbosashowed a distinctive pollinator assemblage among the sympatric species that we studied (similarity ranged from 0% to 8%); it was visited by small bees and was the only species that was visited by the giant hummingbirdPatagona gigas. Pollinator assemblages were similar betweenE. chilensis(year 2016 = 4 species; 2017 = 8) andE. chilensisvar.albidiflora(2016 = 7; 2017 = 4); however, those ofE. curvispinavar.mutabilis(2016 = 7; 2017 = 6) were less similar to those of the aforementioned species.E. curvispinavar.mutabilisshowed the highest interannual variation in its pollinator assemblage (18% similarity). Reproduction inE. subgibbosalargely depends on pollinators, although it showed some degree of autogamy. Autonomous pollination was unfeasible inE. chilensis, which depended on flower visitors for its reproductive success. BothE. chilensisvar.albidifloraandE. curvispinavar.mutabilisshowed some degree of autogamy.DiscussionWe observed differences in pollinator assemblages betweenE. subgibbosaand the remainingEriosycetaxa, which depend on hymenopterans for pollen transfer. Pollinator assemblages showed considerable interannual variation, especially those ofE. subgibbosa(ornithophilous syndrome) andE. curvispinavar.mutabilis(melitophilous syndrome). Autogamous reproduction in these taxa may act as a reproductive assurance mechanism when pollinator availability is unpredictable. Our study contributes to improving our understanding of the reproductive systems of ecological interactions between threatened species in a Chilean mediterranean-type ecosystem.
Quantifying the inhibitory effect of Bcl‐xl on the action of Mff using live‐cell fluorescence imaging
Authors: Ma Yunyun , Du Mengyan , Yang Fangfang , Mai Zihao , Zhang Chenshuang , Qu Wenfeng , Wang Bin , Wang Xiaoping , Chen Tongsheng 
Published: October 2019

Mitochondrial fission regulates mitochondrial function and morphology, and has been linked to apoptosis. The mitochondrial fission factor (Mff), a tail‐anchored membrane protein, induces excessive mitochondrial fission, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of Bcl‐xl, an antiapoptotic protein, on the action of Mff by using live‐cell fluorescence imaging. Microscopic imaging analysis showed that overexpression of Mff induced mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis, which were reversed by coexpression of Bcl‐xl. Microscopic imaging and live‐cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis demonstrated that Bcl‐xl reconstructs the Mff network from punctate distribution of higher‐order oligomers to filamentous distribution of lower‐order oligomers. Live‐cell fluorescence resonance energy transfer two‐hybrid assay showed that Bcl‐xl interacted with Mff to form heterogenous oligomers with 1 : 2 stoichiometry in cytoplasm and 1 : 1 stoichiometry on mitochondria, indicating that two Bcl‐xl molecules primarily interact with four Mff molecules in cytoplasm, but with two Mff molecules on mitochondria.
Evaluating the sensitivity of Halcyon’s automatic transit image acquisition for treatment error detection: A phantom study using static IMRT
Authors: Ray Xenia , Bojechko Casey , Moore Kevin L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPurposeThe Varian Halcyon™ electronic portal imaging detector is always in‐line with the beam and automatically acquires transit images for every patient with full‐field coverage. These images could be used for “every patient, every monitor unit” quality assurance (QA) and eventually adaptive radiotherapy. This study evaluated the imager’s sensitivity to potential clinical errors and day‐to‐day variations from clinical exit images.MethodsOpen and modulated fields were delivered for each potential error. To evaluate output changes, monitor units were scaled by 2%–10% and delivered to solid water slabs and a homogeneous CIRS phantom. To mimic weight changes, 0.5–5.0 cm of buildup was added to the solid water. To evaluate positioning changes, a homogeneous and heterogeneous CIRS phantom were shifted 2–10 cm and 0.2–1.5 cm, respectively. For each test, mean relative differences (MRDs) and standard deviations in the pixel‐difference histograms (σRD) between test and baseline images were calculated. Lateral shift magnitudes were calculated using cross‐correlation and edge‐detection filtration. To assess patient variations, MRD and σRD were calculated from six prostate patients’ daily exit images and compared between fractions with and without gas present.ResultsMRDs responded linearly to output and buildup changes with a standard deviation of 0.3%, implying a 1% output change and 0.2 cm changes in buildup could be detected with 2.5σ confidence. Shifting the homogenous phantom laterally resulted in detectable MRD and σRD changes, and the cross‐correlation function calculated the shift to within 0.5 mm for the heterogeneous phantom. MRD and σRD values were significantly associated with the presence of gas for five of the six patients.ConclusionsRapid analyses of automatically acquired Halcyon™ exit images could detect mid‐treatment changes with high sensitivity, though appropriate thresholds will need to be set. This study presents the first steps toward developing effortless image evaluation for all aspects of every patient’s treatment.
Sex differences in adult famine mortality in medieval London
Authors: DeWitte Sharon N. , Yaussy Samantha L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesRecurrent famine events during the medieval period might have contributed to excess mortality during the Black Death in London, England (c. 1349–1350). Previous research using conventional methods of age estimation revealed that adult males experienced lower risks of mortality under “normal” (attritional) but not famine mortality conditions following the Black Death. However, given the biases inherent in conventional age estimation methods, this study reassesses sex differences in risks of medieval adult famine mortality using ages estimated via transition analysis, which avoids some of the limitations of conventional age estimation methods.Materials and MethodsWe apply hazards analysis (the Gompertz model of adult mortality) to ages estimated for human skeletal remains (n= 1245) from London cemeteries dated to the pre‐Black Death (c. 1000–1250 CE) and post‐Black Death (c. 1350–1540 CE) periods.ResultsThe results reveal no sex differences in risks of mortality before the Black Death but indicate that adult males faced lower risks of mortality after the Black Death during conditions of normal and famine mortality.ConclusionsThese findings largely support those of our previous research, which suggested that selective mortality during the Black Death or sex‐biased improvements in standard of living following the epidemic reduced risk of mortality for adult males in the post‐Black Death period under normal mortality conditions. However, the use of transition analysis age estimates also revealed a reduced risk of mortality for post‐Black Death adult males under famine conditions.
P2‐Na0.67AlxMn1−xO2: Cost‐Effective, Stable and High‐Rate Sodium Electrodes by Suppressing Phase Transitions and Enhancing Sodium Cation Mobility
Authors: Liu Xiangsi , Zuo Wenhua , Zheng Bizhu , Xiang Yuxuan , Zhou Ke , Xiao Zhumei , Shan Peizhao , Shi Jingwen , Li Qi , Zhong Guiming , Fu Riqiang , Yang Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSodium layered P2‐stacking Na0.67MnO2 materials have shown great promise for sodium‐ion batteries. However, the undesired Jahn–Teller effect of the Mn4+/Mn3+ redox couple and multiple biphasic structural transitions during charge/discharge of the materials lead to anisotropic structure expansion and rapid capacity decay. Herein, by introducing abundant Al into the transition‐metal layers to decrease the number of Mn3+, we obtain the low cost pure P2‐type Na0.67AlxMn1−xO2 (x=0.05, 0.1 and 0.2) materials with high structural stability and promising performance. The Al‐doping effect on the long/short range structural evolutions and electrochemical performances is further investigated by combining in situ synchrotron XRD and solid‐state NMR techniques. Our results reveal that Al‐doping alleviates the phase transformations thus giving rise to better cycling life, and leads to a larger spacing of Na+ layer thus producing a remarkable rate capability of 96 mAh g‐1 at 1200 mA g‐1.