bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Color Glass Condensate density matrix: Lindblad evolution, entanglement entropy and Wigner functional
Authors: Armesto Néstor , Domínguez Fabio , Kovner Alex , Lublinsky Michael , Skokov Vladimir V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe introduce the notion of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) density matrix$$ \widehat{\rho} $$ρ^. This generalizes the concept of probability density for the distribution of the color charges in the hadronic wave function and is consistent with understanding the CGC as an effective theory after integration of part of the hadronic degrees of freedom. We derive the evolution equations for the density matrix and show that the JIMWLK evolution equation arises here as the evolution of diagonal matrix elements of ρ in the color charge density basis. We analyze the behavior of this density matrix under high energy evolution and show that its purity decreases with energy. We show that the evolution equation for the density matrix has the celebrated Kossakowsky-Lindblad form describing the non-unitary evolution of the density matrix of an open system. Additionally, we consider the dilute limit and demonstrate that, at large rapidity, the entanglement entropy of the density matrix grows linearly with rapidity according to$$ \frac{d}{dy}{S}_e=\gamma $$ddySe=γ, whereγis the leading BFKL eigenvalue. We also discuss the evolution of$$ \widehat{\rho} $$ρ^in the saturated regime and relate it to the Levin-Tuchin law and find that the entropy again grows linearly with rapidity, but at a slower rate. By analyzing the dense and dilute regimes of the full density matrix we are able to establish a duality between the regimes. Finally we introduce the Wigner functional derived from this density matrix and discuss how it can be used to determine the distribution of color currents, which may be instrumental in understanding dynamical features of QCD at high energy.
Improving an Escherichia coli-based biocatalyst for terpenol glycosylation by variation of the expression system
Authors: Rüdiger Julian , Schwab Wilfried 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Glycosides are becoming increasingly more relevant for various industries as low-cost whole-cell-biocatalysts are now available for the manufacture of glycosides. However, there is still a need to optimize the biocatalysts. The aim of this work was to increase the titre of terpenyl glucosides in biotransformation assays with E. coli expressing VvGT14ao, a glycosyltransferase gene from grape (Vitis vinifera). Seven expression plasmids differing in the resistance gene, origin of replication, promoter sequence, and fusion protein tag were generated and transformed into four different E. coli expression strains, resulting in 18 strains that were tested for glycosylation efficiency with terpenols and a phenol. E. coli BL21(DE3)/pET-SUMO_VvGT14ao yielded the highest titres. The product concentration was improved 8.6-fold compared with E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS/pET29a_VvGT14ao. The selection of a small solubility-enhancing protein tag and exploitation of the T7 polymerase-induction system allowed the formation of increased levels of functional recombinant protein, thereby improving the performance of the whole-cell biocatalyst.
Subglacial sediment distribution from constrained seismic inversion, using MuLTI software: examples from Midtdalsbreen, Norway
Authors: Killingbeck Siobhan F. , Booth Adam D. , Livermore Philip W. , West Landis J. , Reinardy Benedict T. I. , Nesje Atle 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFast ice flow is associated with the deformation of subglacial sediment. Seismic shear velocities, Vs, increase with the rigidity of material and hence can be used to distinguish soft sediment from hard bedrock substrates. Depth profiles of Vs can be obtained from inversions of Rayleigh wave dispersion curves, from passive or active-sources, but these can be highly ambiguous and lack depth sensitivity. Our novel Bayesian transdimensional algorithm, MuLTI, circumvents these issues by adding independent depth constraints to the inversion, also allowing comprehensive uncertainty analysis. We apply MuLTI to the inversion of a Rayleigh wave dataset, acquired using active-source (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) techniques, to characterise sediment distribution beneath the frontal margin of Midtdalsbreen, an outlet of Norway's Hardangerjøkulen ice cap. Ice thickness (0–20 m) is constrained using co-located GPR data. Outputs from MuLTI suggest that partly-frozen sediment (Vs 500–1000 m s−1), overlying bedrock (Vs 2000–2500 m s−1), is present in patches with a thickness of ~4 m, although this approaches the resolvable limit of our Rayleigh wave frequencies (14–100 Hz). Uncertainties immediately beneath the glacier bed are <280 m s−1, implying that MuLTI cannot only distinguish bedrock and sediment substrates but does so with an accuracy sufficient for resolving variations in sediment properties.
A TREE-BASED ALGORITHM ADAPTED TO MICROLEVEL RESERVING AND LONG DEVELOPMENT CLAIMS
Authors: Lopez Olivier , Milhaud Xavier , Thérond Pierre-E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn non-life insurance, business sustainability requires accurate and robust predictions of reserves related to unpaid claims. To this aim, two different approaches have historically been developed: aggregated loss triangles and individual claim reserving. The former has reached operational great success in the past decades, whereas the use of the latter still remains limited. Through two illustrative examples and introducing an appropriate tree-based algorithm, we show that individual claim reserving can be really promising, especially in the context of long-term risks.
Embeddings for the space on sets of finite perimeter
Authors: Chemetov Nikolai V. , Mazzucato Anna L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGiven an open set with finite perimeter$\Omega \subset {\open R}^n$, we consider the space$LD_\gamma ^{p}(\Omega )$,$1\les p<\infty $, of functions withpth-integrable deformation tensor on Ω and withpth-integrable trace value on the essential boundary of Ω. We establish the continuous embedding$LD_\gamma ^{p}(\Omega )\subset L^{pN/(N-1)}(\Omega )$. The space$LD_\gamma ^{p}(\Omega )$and this embedding arise naturally in studying the motion of rigid bodies in a viscous, incompressible fluid.
Written Code Switching in a Medieval Document: A Comparison with Some Modern Constraints
Authors: Miller Elaine R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost studies of code switching have focussed on its use in informal, oral settings, but written examples also occur. The Castilian-Hebrew switching in the Jewishtaqqanot‘statutes’ of Valladolid, Spain, written in 1432, provides important data for testing the different constraints proposed in studies on code switching. Examples of switches between determiner-noun, preposition-noun, possessive-noun, quantifier-noun, andser-participle indicate that the code switches in thetaqqanotusually conform to some of the constraints already proposed: the Free Morpheme Constraint, the Equivalence Constraint, and the Closed-Class Constraint. At the same time, the analysis of these medieval switches confronts the same unresolved issues as other studies, for instance, the need to adequately distinguish between borrowings and code switches and the question of whether bilingual utterances always have an identifiable matrix language.
A Language Without a Rhyme: Syllable Structure Experiments in Korean
Authors: Yoon Yeo Bom , Derwing Bruce L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrior research has suggested that Korean might constitute an exception to the proposed notion of the universality of the rhyme. Five experiments were performed to test this hypothesis out with native speakers of that language. Four different experimental tasks were employed: a global sound similarity judgement task, a concept formation task, a unit reduplication task, and a list recall task. In all cases the results indicate that Korean syllables were seen to contain a cohesive CV orbodyunit, in contrast to the VC ofrhymeunit of English. The final experiment, involving list recall, was considered especially important, as it involved the testing of preliterate children, whose results could not have been influenced by knowledge of the orthography. An attempt is made to explain these findings in terms of intrinsic properties of the syllables in the two languages. The theoretical significance of this research is also discussed.
Recent active faults in Belgian Ardenne revealed in Rochefort Karstic network (Namur Province, Belgium)
Authors: Vandycke S. , Quinif Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper presents observations of recent faulting activity in the karstic network of the Rochefort Cave (Namur Province, Belgium, Europe). The principal recent tectonic features are bedding planes reactivated as normal faults, neo-formatted normal faults in calcite flowstone, fresh scaling, extensional features, fallen blocks and displacement of karstic tube. The seismo-tectonic aspect is expanded by the presence of fallen blocks where normally the cavity must be very stable and in equilibrium. Three main N 070° fault planes and a minor one affect, at a decimetre scale, the karst features and morphology. The faults are still active because recent fresh scaling and fallen blocks are observable. The breaking of Holocene soda straw stalactites and displacements of artificial features observed since the beginning of the tourist activity, in the last century, also suggest very recent reactivation of these faults. This recent faulting can be correlated to present-day tectonic activity, already evidenced by earthquakes in the neighbouring area. Therefore, karstic caves are favourable sites for the observation and the quantification of recent tectonic activity because they constitute a 3-D framework, protected from erosion. Fault planes with this recent faulting present slickensides. Thus a quantitative analysis in term of stress inversion, with the help of striated faults, has permitted to reconstruct the stress tensor responsible for the brittle deformation. The principal NW-SE extension (σ3 horizontal) is nearly perpendicular to that of the present regional stress as illustrated by the analysis of the last strong regional earthquake (Roermond, The Netherlands) in 1992. During the Meso-Cenozoic, the main stress tectonics recorded in this part of the European platform is similar to the present one with a NE-SW direction of extension.The discrepancy between the regional stress field and the local stress in the Rochefort cave can be the result of the inversion of the σ2 and σ3 axes of the stress ellipsoid due to its symmetry or of a local modification at the ground surface of the crustal stress field as it has been already observed in active zones.
The waqf-endowment strategy of a Mamluk military man: the contexts, motives, and purposes of the endowments of Qijmās al-Isḥāqī (d. 1487)
Authors: Igarashi Daisuke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study analyses the original waqf documents belonging to Qijmās al-Isḥāqī, an amir who lived in late Mamluk Egypt and Syria, from three perspectives: first, the types of assets possessed or endowed by Qijmās and the creation of these assets; second, the contexts and purposes of establishing waqfs by comparing the data obtained from the documents and the life history of Qijmās, which was reconstructed from literary sources; and third, how his personal relationships reflected the character of his waqfs. Further, this study reveals how he selectively and strategically used the waqf system for personal and/or public benefit at different stages of his life and according to the prevalent social circumstances. This case study proves that the waqf system had multi-dimensional and complex functions: in addition to realizing its universal purpose of enabling the performance of charitable deeds, the waqf system fulfilled the founder's particularistic secular intentions and expectations.
Precarity and the assumption of rising insecurity in later life: a critique
Authors: Gilleard Chris , Higgs Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn recent years, several authors have drawn attention to signs of growing inequalities in the ageing populations of the developed economies. Such formulations have employed the concept of precariousness to suggest that a ‘new’ precarity has emerged in old age. Questioning this position and drawing on data reported over the last two decades on income and health inequalities between and within retired and working-age households, the present paper argues that evidence of this ‘precarity’ is speculative at most and relates more to imagined futures than to empirically observed trends in the present. The ageing of ageing societies – that is the growing agedness of the older population – might imply an increase in precarity or vulnerability at older ages, but this is not a result of changes in the underlying economic and social relations of society. Instead, we would contend that it is the corporeal consequences of living longer. By conflating the various meanings of ‘precarity’ there is a corresponding danger that the very real changes brought about by population ageing will be underplayed, which may be to the detriment of the most vulnerable. The idea of a new precarity in later life may thus not serve the ends to which it is intended.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS AND SPATIAL CONVERGENCE OF BIOLOGICAL WELL-BEING: THE CASE OF COLOMBIA, 1920–1990
Authors: Meisel-Roca Adolfo , Ramírez-Giraldo María Teresa , Santos-Cárdenas Daniela 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the relationship between the physical stature of Colombians born during the 20thcentury and several socio-economic and demographic variables. Using a dataset of more than 225,000 individuals built with information from judicial background certificates, we found a sustained growth of the average height of women and men during the 20thcentury. The results show significant differences in stature according to gender, level of education, occupation, and place and date of birth. Similarly, health conditions and access to aqueducts significantly affect height. We found that departmental average height disparities decreased and the gap across regions closed throughout the century.
Vague language in business and academic contexts
Authors: McCarthy Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBusiness English and academic English may perhaps be thought of as areas of language use requiring precision of expression and a quest for specific and unambiguous meaning. However, corpus evidence shows that both types of language, in their spoken contexts, exhibit noticeable use of the kinds of vague expressions found in everyday conversation. In this lecture, I focus on one type of vagueness:vague category marking (VGM). This feature involves mention of an example or examples of something followed by reference to a broad, ad hoc category of which the chosen examples are seen as typical. References to categories commonly involve expressions such asor whatever, and so on, or something (like that). In both business and academic English, vague category marking is an important projection of shared knowledge and shared identities. In business, vagueness is also a useful tool in delicate negotiations. In academic English, vague categories refer to bodies of assumed shared knowledge and are crucial in the pedagogic process of grafting new knowledge onto old. Subtle differences are drawn out by different types of vague category markers. I conclude with some implications for teaching in these specialised areas.
The relationship between genetic merit for yield and live weight, condition score, and energy balance of spring calving Holstein-Friesian dairy cows on grass based systems of milk production
Authors: Buckley F. , Dillon P. , Rath M. , Veerkamp R.F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate the effects of genetic merit for milk yield on energy balance (EB), dry matter intake (DMI), and fertility for cows managed on three different grass based feeding systems, and to estimate possible interactions between genetic merit and feeding system. Individual animal intake estimates were obtained at pasture on 11 occasions across three grazing seasons. The data set contained 96 first lactation animals in 1995, 96 second lactation animals in 1996, and 72 third lactation animals in 1997. Half of these animals were of high (HG), and half of medium genetic merit (MG) for milk solids production. Genetic effects for the traits of interest were estimated as the contrast between the two genetic groups, and by the genetic regression of phenotypic performance on the estimated breeding value for fat and protein yield, based on pedigree information alone (PI). Significant effects of feeding system were observed on yields, DMI and EB, whereas there was no effect on live weight, condition score or reproductive performance. The interaction between genetic merit and feeding system was not significantly different from zero for any of the traits. Yields, grass DMI, and total DMI were all higher for HG than for MG, and also positively correlated (P<0.001) with PI. Furthermore, condition score, conception to first and second service, and pregnancy rate were significantly negatively correlated with PI. While at pasture, EB was positively (P<0.01) correlated with PI, although the contrast between HG and MG was not significantly different from zero. Condition score changes during very early lactation, demonstrated that HG had a more negative EB than MG. The results clearly illustrate the production potential of HG cows on grass based systems, however the reduced reproductive performance questions their suitability for seasonal calving systems.
An investigation of the key factors influencing reproductive performance in dairy herds in Northern Ireland
Authors: Mayne C.S. , Verner M. , McCaughey W.J. , McCoy M.A. , Lennox S.D. , Catney D.C. , Kennedy B. , Wylie A.R.G. , Gordon FJ. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPoor reproductive performance is a major problem on dairy farms across Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK) as a whole, and recent studies suggest that the problem is increasing. In order to identify the key factors influencing reproductive performance at farm level, a major research initiative was established in 1998 with the objective of collating a comprehensive database on reproductive performance from 20 herds, representing over 2000 dairy cows, across Northern Ireland. Preliminary results for five herds from the first year of the study indicate a high heat detection rate (84%) across all farms. The mean intervals to first observed heat and to first service for cows calved within 19 days of the start of the breeding season were similar between herds (42.8 ± 14.0 days and 50.0 ± 11.0 days respectively). In contrast, the interval to first service for all recorded services was 89.8 ± 66.3 days and varied considerably between farms (69.9 to 112.7 days). Investigation of progesterone profiles indicates that 62.3% of cows had resumed normal cyclic activity by 40 days post calving. Of the cows with atypical ovarian patterns, 19.4% were classified as prolonged post-partum anoestrus with a further 12% exhibiting at least one post-partum prolonged luteal phase.
The relationship between body condition at calving, uterine performance postpartum and trends in selected blood metabolites postpartum in high yielding Californian dairy cows
Authors: Titterton M. , Weaver L.D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe relationship between body condition at calving, uterine tone and discharge, time to first oestrus and changes in concentration of serum calcium and magnesium in early post partum was examined in 209 multiparous dairy cows located in four herds in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Body condition score (BCS) was graded from 0 to 5 and BCS at calving was estimated from BCS in the late dry period (LDBCS). Uterine tone and discharge were graded from l(best) to 3(worst) after rectal palpation at two weeks post partum. Concentrations of blood metabolites and levels of progesterone were determined from blood samples taken at selected stages of lactation from the late dry period to ten weeks post partum. Abnormal uterine discharges were strongly correlated with uterine tone. Uterine tone and discharge scores were significantly lower in cows that calved with body condition scores of 2.5 and 3.0 than in those which calved with body condition scores of < 2.5 and ≥ 3.5. Serum calcium and magnesium concentrations were higher at two weeks post partum in cows with scores of 2.5 and 3 than in cows with higher or lower scores. Serum calcium and magnesium concentrations appeared to be higher with decrease in grades of uterine discharge and tone but this was significant only in the case of serum calcium and uterine discharge. The number of days to first oestrus was significantly associated with uterine discharge and tone (P < 0.05) but not significantly associated with LDBCS. The number of days to second oestrus was not significantly associated with uterine discharge and tone but was significantly less in cows with LDBCS 3 (17.28 days) than cows with lower or higher LDBCS (P < 0.05). It is concluded that body condition at calving is associated with serum micromineral balance and subsequent uterine and ovarian health. Based on these measurable indicators, cows calving with body condition scores of 2.5 and 3 appeared to be in optimum condition for post partum reproductive performance.
The influence of β-carotene supplementation on β-carotene concentration in the corpus luteum and on hormone concentration in the plasma of heifers
Authors: Flachowsky G. , Schlenzig M. , Kirsche Brigitta , Lebzien P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of the study was to investigate the influence of different levels of β-carotene supplements on the β-carotene concentration in the corpus luteum and on hormone concentrations in the plasma of heifers. 32 heifers (average body weight: 371 kg) were fed a low carotene diet (< 1 mg per kg DM) for 120 days. The heifers were divided into four groups according to body weight and age and supplied with 0, 100, 200 or 300 mg β-carotene per animal and day. Heifers were artifically inseminated after day 60 of the experiment and were slaughtered after day 120 of the experiment. Carotene concentration in the corpus luteum (2.3, 27, 50 and 81 μg/g for 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg β-carotene per animal per day), in plasma and in ovary was significantly influenced with increased carotene supplements. LH-concentration of plasma decreased and β-oestradiol-concentration increased with carotene supplementation. High concentrations of β-carotene in the corpus luteum and ovaries of cattle seem to act as a depot which is available when high vitamin A requirements during ovulation have to be met.