bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition analysis of tourism CO2 emissions for sustainable development: A case study of China
Authors: Zha Jianping , Tan Ting , Yuan Wenwen , Yang Xiaojie , Zhu Ying 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe tourism industry is a nonnegligible contributor to global CO2 emissions, and formulating policy around emission reduction for sustainable tourism requires understanding the drivers contributing to the growth of tourism CO2 emissions. This paper develops an alternative decomposition technique that uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) and distance functions to examine the sources of change in tourism CO2 emissions; this method offers advantages in measuring the contribution of factor inputs to CO2 emissions change and has flexible data requirements. An empirical application using provincial panel data from China's tourism industry during the 2005–2016 period is performed. The results indicate the following: The scale effect induced by economic growth in tourism was the largest factor driving CO2 emissions growth; technical change played a dominant role in reducing CO2 emissions, and technical efficiency change exerted a negligible positive effect on the CO2 emissions increment; the emissions indices associated with labour, capital, and attractive resources generated significant promoting effects on CO2 emissions growth; and the emissions index associated with energy had a minor inhibitory effect. In addition, the drivers of tourism CO2 emissions clearly varied by region and province, and three driving modes of change in provincial CO2 emissions were summarized. This study extends the application of decomposition techniques in the field of tourism studies, and our results provide valuable insights for policymakers and business entities aiming to adopt measures to curb tourism CO2 emissions and promote sustainable tourism.
EDTA‐Capped Iron Oxide Core‐Corona System as Vehicle for Gene Delivery to Transform E.coli: Mimicking the Lipid Bilayer Environment
Authors: Shah Ekta , Kadam Ashlesha , Jubin Tina , Begum Rasheedunnisa , Upadhyay Pratik , Soni Hemant P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEDTA‐capped iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4/edta NPs) were synthesized by simple wet chemical method and encapsulated with amphiphilic triblock copolymer Pluronic®F127 (Fe3O4/edta/P). The resulting ‘core‐corona’ system becomes capable of condensing plasmid DNA (pDNA) and act as vehicle for cell transformation. As a proof‐of‐concept, E.coli_DH5α bacterial strain was selected. The plasmids like pBSKS and pUC18 having antibiotic resistance marker gene were eluted from the bacterial strain, purified and loaded on the synthesized nano‐assembly. Green fluorescence protein tag was attached to pTX (pTXgfp) to confirm successful transformation. The gene transformation efficiency (TE) of the developed Fe3O4/edta/P vehicle was compared with traditional CaCl2 mediated transformation as a positive control and naked pTXgfp was used as a negative control. PEGlation of Fe3O4/edta was also carried out and the TE of the resulting system was compared with as‐synthesized Fe3O4/edta/P. This study demonstrates that Pluronic® F127 polymeric surfactant can be used to form stealth surface of the nanocarrier to solve Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) dilemma. The probable mechanism to explain the bacterial cell transformation is discussed.
Distribution of Effective Ferrierite Active Sites for Skeletal Isomerization of n‐Butene to Isobutene
Authors: Liu Wen , Hu Haiqiang , Liu Yang , Zhang Lei , Xia Chengjie , Wang Qi , Ke Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, the effective active sites of aged ferrierite(FER) were confirmed to be located in the 10‐membered ring (10‐MR) pore mouths by modification with ammonium hexafluorosilicate((NH4)2SiF6 )and long‐term experiments. Analysis of SiO2/Al2O3 ratios showed that aluminum atoms were selectively removed from the FER surface after the modification with (NH4)2SiF6. Comparison of the catalytic properties before and after modification showed that the catalytic activity of aged FER depended only on the amount of acid sites located in the 10‐MR pore mouths. Monitoring of the change in acid amount with reaction time and the difference between aged and deactivated FER showed that aged FER retained only weak acid sites, and its deactivation was caused by carbon deposition on the 10‐MR pore mouth acid sites. Therefore, the catalytic performance of FER can be improved by increasing the number of 10‐MR pore mouths.
Wetting Transition from Lotus Leaf to Rose Petal using Modified Fly Ash
Authors: Mahanta Urbashi , Khandelwal Mudrika , Deshpande Atul S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present a facile and scalable approach to develop lotus leaf as well rose petal like superhydrophobic surfaces using fly ash (an industrial waste obtained from the burning of coal). To achieve this, as‐obtained fly ash powder with wide particle size distribution (FA) was processed through sedimentation technique to obtain fly ash powder with narrower particle size distribution (FAS) and modified with two different concentrations of stearic acid (SA) and treated at two different temperatures – one each below and above melting point of SA. All samples showed superhydrophobicity, where, the water contact angle (WCA) increased with an increase in the amount of stearic acid and modification temperature. Interestingly, the water droplets roll‐off from the modified FA surfaces at a small tilting angle of 5° similar to the lotus leaf, whereas, the modified FAS surfaces exhibited high adhesion for water droplets even when inverted, as in case of the rose petal. It was seen that drying at temperature lower than melting temperature of stearic acid introduced additional roughness, yet the WCA decreased. This is investigated to understand the effect of topology and substrate nature on WCA in different wetting states.
MOF‐Derived Ni(OH)2 Nanocubes/GO For High‐Performance Supercapacitor
Authors: Hu Xinran , Li Jiangfeng , Wu Qingsheng , Zhang Qiwei , Wang Xu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrussian blue analogues (Ni3[Fe(CN)6]2)) derived nanocube‐like Ni(OH)2 was grown evenly on the surface of GO via solution‐precipitation and potassium hydroxide etching process at room temperature. Due to the even dispersion of Ni(OH)2 nancubes, the obtained sample Ni(OH)2/GO exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 1299 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, excellent electrochemical stability (capacity retention of 63% from 0.5 A g−1 to 10 A g−1), and long‐cycle stability (capacity retention of 78% over 2000 cycles).
An Enzymatic and Environmentally Friendly Route for the Synthesis of Chiral β‐Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Yıldız Tülay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study deals with the biocatalytic enantioselective synthesis of chiral β‐hydroxy ketones. For the first time, we report that among many enzymes, the lipase AL‐AN (Amano Lipase A from Aspergillus niger) catalyzed the enzymatic hydrolysis of racemic 1,3‐keto acetates in aqueous media. Optimum reaction conditions were determined by changing the enzyme, solvent, temperature, pH and amounts of enzymes. After AL‐AN was determined to be the best enzyme in this study, we examined fifteen substrates with different structures in this reaction and obtained chiral β‐hydroxy ketones with good yield, high enantioselectivity and S configuration. This study presents an environmentally friendly and green method for the synthesis of (S)‐β‐hydroxy ketones.
Controllable Synthesis of V2O5/Mn3O4 Nanoflakes and rGO Nanosheets: To Investigate the Performance of All Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitor Device
Authors: Mary Amalraj Juliet Christina , Bose Arumugam Chandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDifferent nanostructured/composite materials are considered as a promising electrode material which enhances the electrochemical activity of the individual substances. V2O5/Mn3O4 composite material is synthesized using hydrothermal method at different reaction time ranging from 12 h to 24 h. Obviously, by varying the reaction time, the morphology of composite changes from individual flakes to agglomerated flakes. The change in surface morphology of the material is observed from the SEM images. Electrochemical performance of V2O5, Mn3O4, V2O5 /Mn3O4‐1, V2O5 /Mn3O4‐2 V2O5 /Mn3O4‐3, V2O5 /Mn3O4‐4 and rGO is studied using cyclic voltammetric, charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic studies. At a current density of 5 A g−1, V2O5, Mn3O4, V2O5 /Mn3O4‐3, and rGO nanosheet exhibit the maximum specific capacitance of 441, 190, 1008 and 464 F g−1 respectively. Moreover, the asymmetric supercapacitor device is constructed using V2O5 /Mn3O4‐3and rGO nanomaterials. At 2 A g−1, the asymmetric V2O5 /Mn3O4‐3and rGO device obtains the highest energy density of 44.9 W h kg−1 and the corresponding power density is 1.76 kW kg−1.
Solvent Dependent Prototropic Tautomerism in a Schiff Base Derived from o‐Vanillin and 2‐Aminobenzylalcohol
Authors: Plyuta Nataliya , Kokozay Vladimir , Cauchy Thomas , Avarvari Narcis , Goreshnik Evgeny , Petrusenko Svitlana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Schiff base H2L, namely 2‐(3‐methoxysalicylidene‐amino)‐benzyl‐alcohol, 1 and its two pseudo‐polymorphs H2L⋅CH3OH 2 and H2L⋅H2O 3, have been synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2‐aminobenzyl alcohol and o‐vanillin in different solvents. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that the keto‐enol tautomerism of H2L in solid state exists as a complex system of three different enol, keto and zwitterionic forms in equilibrium, dependent on crystal packing forces and the crystallization solvent. The enol, keto and mixed enol‐zwitterionic (roughly 1:1) forms were observed in the crystal structures of 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The crystallographic results are supported by FTIR and DFT calculations. Photophysical properties were determined in acetonitrile solution and solid state and were supported by TD‐DFT studies.
Ranking open source application integration frameworks based on maintainability metrics: A review of five‐year evolution
Authors: Frantz Rafael Z. , Rehbein Matheus H. , Berlezi Rodolfo , Roos‐Frantz Fabricia 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIntegration frameworks are specialized software tools built and adapted to facilitate the design and implementation of integration solutions. An integration solution allows for the reuse of applications from the software ecosystem of companies to support their business processes. There are several open‐source integration frameworks available on the market designed to operate in a business context to manipulate structured data; however, increasingly, they are required to deal with unstructured and large volumes of data, thus requiring effort to adapt these frameworks to work with unstructured and large volume of data. Choosing the framework, which is the easiest to be adapted, is not a trivial task. In this article, we review the newest stable versions of four open‐source integration frameworks by analyzing how they have evolved regarding their adaptive maintainability over five years. We rank them according to their maintainability degree and compare past and current versions of each framework. To encourage and enable researchers and developers to replicate our experiments, with the aim of verifying our findings, and to experiment with new versions of the integration frameworks analyzed, we detail the experimental protocol used while also having made all the required software involved available on the Web.
Phthalate plasticizer di(2‐ethyl‐hexyl) phthalate induces cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Wong Jhen‐Hong , Wang Yu‐Shiuan , Nam Sean , Ho Kuo‐Hao , Chang Che‐Mai , Chen Ku‐Chung , Chen Yi‐Fan , Chang Wei‐Chiao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe phthalate plasticizer, di(2‐ethyl‐hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and its derived metabolites are common anthropogenic environmental toxins, which are known to act as endocrine disruptors. Numerous studies have associated DEHP with disruption of sex hormones, abnormal development of reproductive organs, allergies, and inflammation. Its role in promoting inflammation has been reported by both human epidemiological and animal studies. In stomach tissue, chronic inflammation is known to accompany mucosal damage, and pave the way to gastritis, stomach ulcers, and ultimately gastric cancer. Eastern Asian populations possess the highest gastric cancer incidences in the world. Coincidentally, East Asia is one of the world's major sites for plastics manufacture and export. Thus, possible correlations between DEHP, a common plasticizer, and gastric cancer are of great interest. Our study revealed several critical findings. First, even at very low dosage, mimicking the residual plasticizer exposure, detrimental effects of DEHP on gastric cells can be detected. Second, gastric cells treated with DEHP increased cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in a time‐dependent manner. Third, promoter deletion studies revealed a critical role of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) for COX‐2 gene responses. Finally, our results indicated that a low concentration of DEHP is able to trigger COX‐2 activation via the extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and NF‐κB signaling pathway. Taken together, we demonstrate that very low doses of DEHP enhance the expression of the prototypical inflammatory gene, COX‐2, in gastric cancer cells via ERK1/2 and NF‐κB activation. This study provides important insights into the inflammatory process and damages associated with phthalate plasticizers exposure.
Load case reduction for offshore wind turbine support structure fatigue assessment by importance sampling with two‐stage filtering
Authors: Stieng Lars Einar S. , Muskulus Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA complete fatigue assessment for operational conditions for offshore wind turbines involves simulating thousands of environmental states. For applications such as optimization, where this assessment needs to be repeated many times, that presents a significant computational problem. Here, we propose a novel way of reducing the number of simulated environmental states (load cases) while maintaining an acceptable accuracy. From one full fatigue analysis of a base design, the OC3 monopile (with the NREL 5MW turbine), the distribution of fatigue damage per load case can be used to estimate the lifetime fatigue damage of a range of modified designs. Using importance sampling and a specially adapted two‐stage filtering procedure, we obtain pseudo‐optimal sets of load cases from which the fatigue damage is estimated. This is applied to seven different designs that have been modified to emulate iterations of an optimization loop. For several of these designs, sampling less than 1% of all load cases can give damage estimates with median errors of less than 2%. Even for the most severe cases, using 3% of the environmental states yields a maximum error of 10%. While further refinement is possible, the method is considered viable for applications within design optimization and preliminary design.
Spatial variability of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the hilly red soil region of Southern China
Authors: Yao Xiong , Yu Kunyong , Deng Yangbo , Liu Jian , Lai Zhuangjie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo obtain accurate spatial distribution maps of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) in the Hetian Town in Fujian Province, China, soil samples from three depths (0–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm) at 59 sampling sites were sampled by using traditional analysis and geostatistical approach. The SOC and TN ranged from 2.26 to 47.54 g kg−1, and from 0.28 to 2.71 g kg−1, respectively. The coefficient of variation for SOC and TN was moderate at 49.02–55.87% for all depths. According to the nugget-to-sill ratio values, a moderate spatial dependence of SOC content and a strong spatial dependence of TN content were found in different soil depths, demonstrating that SOC content was affected by both extrinsic and intrinsic factors while TN content was mainly influenced by intrinsic factors. Indices of cross-validation, such as mean error, mean standardized error, were close to zero, indicating that ordinary kriging interpolation is a reliable method to predict the spatial distribution of SOC and TN in different soil depths. Interpolation using ordinary kriging indicated the spatial pattern of SOC and TN were characterized by higher in the periphery and lower in the middle. To improve the accuracy of spatial interpolation for soil properties, it is necessary and important to incorporate a probabilistic and machine learning methods in the future study.
A Gutsy Move for Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine in Parkinson’s Disease: Targeting the Gut Microbiome to Sequester Inflammation and Neurotoxicity
Authors: Lee Jea-Young , Tuazon Julian P. , Corey Sydney , Bonsack Brooke , Acosta Sandra , Ehrhart Jared , Sanberg Paul R. , Borlongan Cesario V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPharmaceuticals and cell-based regenerative medicine for Parkinson’s disease (PD) offer palliative relief but do not arrest the disease progression. Cell therapy has emerged as an experimental treatment, but current cell sources such as human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) stem cells display only partial recapitulation of mature dopaminergic neuron phenotype and function. Nonetheless, stem cell grafts ameliorate PD-associated histological and behavioral deficits likely through stem cell graft-secreted therapeutic substances. We recently demonstrated the potential of hUCB-derived plasma in enhancing motor capabilities and gastrointestinal function, as well as preventing dopaminergic neuronal cell loss, in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP) rodent model of PD. Recognizing the translational need to test in another PD model, we now examined here the effects of an intravenously transplanted combination of hUCB and plasma into the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned adult rats. Animals received three separate doses of 4 × 106 hUCB cells with plasma beginning at 7 days after stereotaxic 6-OHDA lesion, then behaviorally and immunohistochemically evaluated over 56 days post-lesion. Whereas vehicle-treated lesioned animals exhibited the typical 6-OHDA neurobehavioral symptoms, hUCB and plasma-treated lesioned animals showed significant attenuation of motor function, gut motility, and nigral dopaminergic neuronal survival, combined with diminished pro-inflammatory microbiomes not only in the nigra, but also in the gut. Altogether these data support a regenerative medicine approach for PD by sequestering inflammation and neurotoxicity through correction of gut dysbiosis.
Effects of Mosaic Land Use on Dynamically Downscaled WRF Simulations of the Contiguous United States
Authors: Mallard Megan S. , Spero Tanya L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe representation of land use (LU) in meteorological modeling strongly influences the simulation of fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum; affecting the accuracy of 2‐m temperature and precipitation. Here the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is used with the Noah land surface model to compare a mosaic approach, which accounts for subgrid scale variability of LU types, to the default option, which only considers the dominant category in each grid cell. Three‐year historical dynamically downscaled WRF simulations are generated using a 12‐km domain over the contiguous United States to assess the sensitivities to using mosaic LU and to changes to parameters associated with LU and soil categories. Compared to dominant LU, mosaic LU features decreased coverage of forest and agricultural types and increased low‐density urban LU throughout much of the eastern and central U.S. However, highly urbanized areas show the opposite trend, as mosaic LU represents partial greenspace within areas that are exclusively urban within dominant LU. Mosaic LU results in widespread increases in sensible heat fluxes and 2‐m temperatures, with reductions in latent heat flux, 2‐m mixing ratio, and monthly precipitation across the central and eastern U.S. These changes exacerbate an existing warm bias found with dominant LU but reduce overestimations of precipitation. Highly urbanized areas in the eastern U.S. tend to have cooler, more realistic temperatures with mosaic LU relative to dominant LU. A pair of runs with updated surface parameters corroborates these results. Overall, differences between the simulations are largely attributable to their representations of urban LU.
Long‐Term Variations of June Column Atomic Oxygen Abundance in the Upper Atmosphere Inferred From Ionospheric Observations
Authors: Perrone Loredana , Mikhailov Andrey V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor the first time, atomic oxygen column content [O]col has been inferred from June daytime monthly median foF1 and foF2 observations at Rome, Juliusruh, Sodankylä, and Boulder to analyze its long‐term variations for the period of ~6 solar cycles. The analysis is interesting in the light of possible anthropogenic impact on the upper atmosphere. After the removal of solar and geomagnetic activity effects from the inferred [O]col variations, the residual linear trends are negative and statistically insignificant at middle latitudes. It is shown that ~93% (the corresponding correlation coefficient is 0.964 ± 0.03) of the whole [O]col variability is explained by solar and geomagnetic activity long‐term variations and only ~7% may be attributed to other processes (reasons) including the anthropogenic impact. Solar and geomagnetic activity contributions to [O]col long‐term variations decrease with time, and this may be related to the low solar activity epoch, which we have entered. The main conclusion is that the long‐term variations of the atomic oxygen column content inferred from ionospheric observations are due to solar and geomagnetic activity; that is, they have a natural origin.
Intensity and Impact of the New York Railroad Superstorm of May 1921
Authors: Love Jeffrey J. , Hayakawa Hisashi , Cliver Edward W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAnalysis is made of low‐latitude ground‐based magnetometer data recording the magnetic superstorm of May 1921. By inference, the storm was driven by a series of interplanetary coronal mass ejections, one of which produced a maximum pressure on the magnetopause of ~64.5 nPa, sufficient to compress the subsolar magnetopause radius to ~5.3 Earth radii. Over the course of the storm, low‐latitude geomagnetic disturbance exhibited extreme local time (longitude) asymmetry that can be attributed to substorm disturbance extending to low latitudes. The storm attained an estimated maximum −Dston 15 May of 907 ± 132 nT, an intensity comparable to that of the Carrington event of 1859. The May 1921 storm brought spectacular aurorae to the nighttime sky. It also interfered with and damaged telephone and telegraph systems associated with railroad systems in New York City and State. These later effects were due to a combination of three factors: the localized details of geomagnetic vector disturbance, the geographic expression of the Earth's surface impedance tensor, and the configurations and physical parameters of the electrical networks of the day.