bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS OF PUBLIC MARKETING
Authors: Romat Yevgeny Victorovich , Havrilechko Yury Volodimirovich 
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to research of theoretical problems of the concepts of the subject and object of public marketing. The definitions of these concepts are considered in the article, the evolution of their development is studied. The article provides an analysis of the main approaches to the notion of subjects and objects of public marketing, their relationship and role in the processes of public marketing. The authors proposes concrete approaches to their systematization. These approaches allow us to identify specific types of public marketing and their main characteristics.
Relying on the analysis of the concept of “subject of public (state) management”, it is concluded that as bodies of state marketing, most often act as executive bodies of state power. In this case, the following levels of marketing subjects in the system of public administration are allocated: the highest level of executive power; Branch central bodies of executive power; Local government bodies; Separate government agencies.
It is noted that the diversity of subjects of public marketing is explained, first of all, by the dependence on the tasks of the state and municipal government, the possibilities of introducing the marketing concept of these subjects and certain characteristics of the said objects of state marketing.
It is noted that the concept of “subject of public marketing” is not always the identical notion of “subject of public administration”. First, not all public authorities are subjects of state marketing. In some cases, this is not appropriate, for example, in the activities of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine or the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Secondly, state marketing is just one of many alternative management concepts, which is not always the most effective in the public administration system.
REFORMING OF THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN UKRAINE: PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Authors: Suray Inna Gennadiivna , Mazurenko Mikhail Pavlovich 
Published: June 2018

The practical aspects of the reform of local government in Ukraine at the present stage of decentralization of power are highlighted, namely: in the conditions of voluntary association of territorial communities on the example of Koropsky district of Chernihiv region. It is proved that the administrative and territorial reform of the territorial formation of the administrative unit, which will carry the name of the rayon and which will unite several united territorial communities, should be a logical continuation of the process of completion of the association of territorial communities. This should depend on the geographical location, the availability of infrastructure, the road transport network, the availability of medical services, and other factors.
It was noted that in order to ensure the implementation of the provisions of the Concept for the reform of local self-government and the territorial organization of power in Ukraine, a district council of representatives of OTG should be formed in such a structural unit, which will provide the main powers of local government bodies at the district level. The district council should establish its own executive body, which should be under its control and accountable. The system of central executive authorities in the newly created administrative unit (rayon) may be represented by the relevant body set up by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, whose functions should include the coordination of the activities of the territorial units of the executive power on the ground and control over the targeted and effective use of the State budget funds that will be received on the development of the respective territories.
It has been determined that local authorities, which are one of the main subjects of public administration at the local level and, in particular, the development of territories, most in their activity take into account the traditions of the people, their mentality, the level of development of civil society and its ability.
EUROONTEGRATION ASPECTS OF BASIC MECHANISMS DEVELOPMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Usachenko Alexander Alexandrovich 
Published: June 2018

The article considers a number of European integration aspects of the basic mechanisms development in public administration in the context of the “Good Governance” paradigm. Their peculiarities and corresponding problem questions are singled out.
Proved that the efficiency and effectiveness of adopting and implementing state-management decisions associated with an increase in receiving and processing information electronically through a computer system and information technology (electronic information and referral and information-legal systems, networks, grid-technology, automated work places of the manager, etc.). It is about forecasting, planning and designing, monitoring, evaluation, monitoring, etc. All of this relates to strategic management and planning, programmatic and targeted (government action programs, national and other targeted programs, regional programs, national projects) management, state and local budgeting.
It is noted that increasing the efficiency of providing various administrative services is associated with an increase in the volume of administrative services and their geography and the reduction in the time of their provision (technology “single window”, information and reference electronic networks, etc.).
Identified the introduction of the model and paradigm of “good governance” in the national system of public administration, ignoring the world, especially European experience implementing the model and paradigm of “good governance”; excessive lobbying for decentralization by the authorities at the city level; an attempt to reform the public administration system, in particular by moving to the model of “state management” in real conditions of the limited budget of the state; lack of serious preparedness, first of all recruiting, to such a transition; in fact, there is an artificial attempt to combine two different models of public administration, namely, “good governance” and “state management”, etc.
COOPERATION OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ON PUBLIC POLICY FORMATION FOR THE PREVENTION OF MONEY-LAUNDERING
Authors: Sciurba Michele 
Published: June 2018

This article is devoted to the research of theoretical and practical issues of international institutions concerning the cooperation on the formation of anti-money laundering state regulation. The article provides an analysis of the main activity fields of intergovernmental institutions in the prevention of laundering “dirty” money. It is shown that the goal of consolidating the efforts of international structures is to integrate standards and recommendations into the mechanisms of public administration in order to ensure financial stability and integrity of state development as well as better financial supervision and control by the state.
It is noted that the problem of money laundering can not be solved only by creating new organizational forms of state control, extraordinary and punitive measures. It requires understanding of this phenomenon as having an economic, political, ethical, managerial and legal background. The process of state regulation of money laundering should apply to all employees of state authorities, administration, justice, (stipulated by the legislation of a number of countries) and public entities with public service functions, and not just so-called officials. Important regulations for the forms and procedures for monitoring civil servants, the availability and effectiveness of the code of ethics and behavior.
It is substantiated that the effectiveness of implementing measures to prevent corruption can not be achieved through single and non-systemic actions at different levels, but requires long-term socio-economic, political and legal transformations. This activity should be based on a combination of a number of preventive and repressive measures.
Thus, the fight against money laundering and terrorist financing is now considered as a priority direction in counteracting organized crime in most countries of the world and in the world community as a whole.
OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS OF LOBISTRY ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE: REALITIES TODAY AND EVOLUTIONARY FORECAST
Authors: Yarovoy Tikhon Sergeyevich 
Published: June 2018

The article is devoted to the research of goals and functions of lobbying activity. The author has processed the ideas of domestic and foreign scientists, proposed his own approaches to the definition of goals and functions of lobbying activities through the prism of public administration. As a result, a generalized vision of the goals and functions of lobbying activities as interrelated elements of the lobbying system was proposed, and a forecast for further evolution of the goals and functions of domestic lobbying was provided.
The analysis of lobbying functions allowed us to notice the tendencies in shifting the goals of this activity. If the objectives were fully covered by functions such as mediation between citizens and the state, the information function and the function of organizing plurality of public interests, then the role of strengthening the self-organization of civil society and the function of compromise become increasingly important in the process of formation in the developed countries of civil society and the development of telecommunication technologies.
Ukrainian lobbyism will not be left to the side of this process. Already, politicians of the highest level, leaders of financial and industrial groups have to act, adjust their goals (even if they are — declared), taking into account the reaction of the public. In the future, this trend will only increase. The analysis of current research and political events provides all grounds for believing that, while proper regulatory legislation is being formed in Ukraine, the goals and functions of domestic lobbying will essentially shift towards a compromise with the public.
It is noted that in spite of the existence of a basic direction of action, lobbying may have several ramified goals. Guided by the goals set, lobbyism can manifest itself in various spheres of the political system of society, combining the closely intertwined interests of various actors in the lobbying process, or even — contrasting them.
Traduction sémantique en français et implémentation du Nursing Activities Score en Belgique
Authors: Bruyneel A. , Guerra C. , Tack J. , Droguet M. , Maes J. , Miranda D. Reis 
Published: June 2018

Introduction : L’évaluation du temps de travail en soins infirmiers est une pratique courante aux soins intensifs. Elle permet de calculer un ratio infirmière/patient optimal qui est un enjeu majeur pour assurer la qualité des soins et maîtriser les coûts des soins de santé. Le Nursing Activities Score (NAS) permet de calculer ce ratio, mais l’outil n’a jamais été traduit en français et adapté à la Belgique.
Objectif : Traduire et adapter le NAS à la Belgique francophone.
Méthodes: L’échelle a été traduite par deux traducteurs indépendants de l’anglais vers le français. Ensuite, une traduction rétrograde du français à l’anglais a été réalisée. Une adaptation culturelle a été effectuée en réunissant un groupe de 13 infirmiers belges. Enfin, l’échelle traduite a été validée et implémentée dans deux unités de soins intensifs (USI) distinctes en Belgique francophone.
Résultats : La traduction rétrograde était similaire à la première traduction. La réunion avec le groupe d’experts a permis de trouver un consensus sur l’adaptation de l’échelle et le tutoriel adaptés au contexte des soins en Belgique. Pour la validation, le NAS a été encodé chez 113 patients et avec 981 NAS encodés dans deux USI, la médiane de NAS/patient était respectivement de 69 et 76 %. Le temps médian d’encodage du NAS était de trois minutes par patient. Nous avons observé une compliance élevée de l’encodage du NAS (respectivement 99 et 76 %).
Conclusions : Nous avons validé une échelle traduite en français conforme à la version originale et adaptée au contexte des soins en Belgique.
Place des référents en antibiothérapie en réanimation
Authors: Lesprit P. 
Published: June 2018

Dans les hôpitaux français, les référents antibiotiques ont comme principale mission d’assurer une activité de conseil sur le bon usage des antibiotiques sur avis sollicités ou à partir d’alertes générées par la microbiologie ou la pharmacie. À première vue, leurs contributions semblent donc importantes en réanimation, où près d’un patient sur deux reçoit une antibiothérapie pendant son séjour. Plusieurs études ont montré que les avis des infectiologues permettaient d’améliorer la qualité de l’antibiothérapie prescrite et de réduire l’exposition des patients aux antibiotiques. Cependant, les bénéfices de ces interventions sur l’évolution clinique des patients ou sur l’écologie bactérienne sont plus difficiles à démontrer. L’activité des référents antibiotiques doit s’intégrer dans un programme multidisciplinaire de bon usage des antibiotiques, intégrant d’autres intervenants et en premier lieu les réanimateurs, avec lesquels une collaboration étroite est fondamentale pour la réussite de ce programme.
Effects of Lupinus angustifolius (cv. Arabella and Kalya) on the growth and serum profiles in broilers
Authors: Hassan M , Datta S , Rahman S , Islam O , Hossain M , Hossain I , Rahman MH 
Published: June 2018

This work examined the effects of incorporation of exogenous enzyme preparation on growth and performance traits in broilers fed diet containing 400 g/Kg of L. angustifolius(cv. Arabella) of Europe and L. angustifolius (cv. Kalya) obtained from Australia. A maize- soy (MS) based diet served as a control diet and acted as positive, while non-protein control diet acted as a negative control (NPC) and fed ad libitum for 18 days. Growth rate, apparent digestibility of N, fat and excretion of essential minerals were assessed. In comparison to broilers fed maize-soy (MS) diet, broilers fed the L. angustifolius of European origin (EL) diet, consumed less feed, had considerably lower body weight gain, as well as lower apparent digestibility. Addition of Rena phytase to the EL (ELPH) and L. angustifolius of Australian origin (ALPH) increased feed intake, however, the feed gain ratio was found to be decreased. . This study indicates that a diet containing high level of lupin meal is detrimental to feed intake broilers and thus affected their performance. However, when lupin meal diet was supplemented with Rena phytase, performance parameters were not different from those obtained from raw meal. The inclusion of lupin meal with or without exogenous enzyme had significant effect on the mineral content of the faeces and on mineral balance. The results suggest that lupin protrein is involved in the elevated loss of minerals associated with long-term effects of this seed as protein source in poultry. Compared to those of control, the N excretion was in the range of 14.9% (EL), 15.6% (ELPH) and 13.9% (ALPH). On the other hand, digestibility was found to be in the range of 78% (EL) and 73% (ELPH) than the corresponding control fed on (MS) diet. The fat excretion was found to be highest in (ALPH) fed diet 19.1% as compared to those of control. True fat digestibility was found to be at the lowest level n ALPH group. The present work has revealed a very remarkable property of L. angustifolius of Australian lupin, that has caused high level of fat excretion in the droppings of broilers fed this as compared to those of its European counterpart. It is highly likely that Australian lupin due to its gel forming character may have caused this kind of response in fecal lipid excretion.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (4): 266-272
Cosmology with Gravitational Wave/Fast Radio Burst Associations
Authors: Wei Jun-Jie , Wu Xue-Feng , Gao He 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Recently, some theoretical models predicted that a small fraction of fast radio bursts (FRBs) could be associated with gravitational waves (GWs). In this Letter, we discuss the possibility of using GW/FRB association systems, if they are commonly detected in the future, as a complementary cosmic probe. We propose that upgraded standard sirens can be constructed from the joint measurements of luminosity distances D

L
derived from GWs and dispersion measures DMIGM derived from FRBs (i.e., the combination D

L
· DMIGM). Moreover, unlike the traditional standard-siren approach (i.e., the D

L
method) and the DMIGM method that rely on the optimization of the Hubble constant H
0, this D

L
· DMIGM method has the advantage of being independent of H
0. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we prove that the D

L
· DMIGM method is more effective for constraining cosmological parameters than D

L
or DMIGM separately, and that it enables us to achieve accurate multimessenger cosmology from approximately 100 GW/FRB systems. Additionally, even if GW/FRB associations do not exist, the methodology developed here can still be applied to those GWs and FRBs that occur at the same redshifts.
Factors Associated With Residual Astigmatism After Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation Reported in an Online Toric Intraocular Lens Back-calculator
Authors: Potvin Richard , Kramer Brent A. , Hardten David R. , Berdahl John P. 
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE:
To evaluate factors associated with residual astigmatism after toric intraocular lens implantation based on data from an online toric intraocular lens (IOL) back-calculator.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective data review of an online toric IOL back-calculator, which allows users to input preoperative toric planning information and postoperative lens orientation and refractive results. These data were used to determine the optimal orientation of the IOL to minimize residual refractive astigmatism. Aggregate data were extracted from this calculator to investigate factors associated with relative magnitudes of residual astigmatic refractive error after implantation of toric IOLs.

RESULTS:
A total of 3,159 validated records with an average reported postoperative refractive astigmatism of 1.85 diopters (D) were analyzed; 566 included data allowing calculation of surgically induced astigmatism. The relative magnitude of reported residual astigmatism appeared similar whether a femtosecond laser system was used or not. Significant differences relative to the use of intraoperative aberrometry were observed, as were differences by toric calculator. Higher measured surgically induced astigmatism was most associated with higher levels of reported residual astigmatism. A significant potential decrease in the mean refractive astigmatism was expected with IOL reorientation; in 1,416 cases (44.8%), the expected residual refractive astigmatism after lens reorientation was less than 0.50 D, with a mean reduction of 56% ± 31%.

CONCLUSIONS:
When present after cataract surgery, higher levels of residual refractive astigmatism were most associated with large differences in measured preoperative to postoperative keratometry. To a lesser degree, intraoperative aberrometry was associated with lower levels.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(6):366–371.]
Comparison of Single-Step Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy With or Without Mitomycin C in Mild to Moderate Myopia
Authors: Adib-Moghaddam Soheil , Soleyman-Jahi Saeed , Tefagh Ghazale , Tofighi Salar , Grentzelos Michael A. , Kymionis George D. 
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE:
To compare efficacy and safety of single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with or without mitomycin C (MMC) in patients with mild to moderate myopia.

METHODS:

Patients with mild to moderate myopia (≤ −5.50 diopters [D]) underwent single-step transepithelial PRK using the Amaris laser (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions GmbH, Kleinostheim, Germany). Total ablation depth (epithelium and stroma) was 160
μ
m or less. The right eye of each patient was treated with 0.02% MMC for 10 seconds, whereas the left eye did not receive any MMC. Corneal haze, endothelial cell indices, refraction, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and higher order aberrations were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively.

RESULTS:

In this comparative case series, 71 patients (16 men and 55 women; 142 eyes) were enrolled. Mean patient age was 27.97 ± 5.74 years. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent of patients' right and left eyes were −3.20 ± 1.20 and −3.30 ± 1.20 diopters, respectively (
P
= .70); other preoperative visual parameters were also comparable. Incidence of 2+ grade of haze was detected in 1 (2.5%) right and 2 (5.0%) left eyes (
P
> .99) 3 to 6 months postoperatively. Incidence of 1+ degree of haze was also comparable. No eye developed 3+ degrees or more of haze. One year postoperatively, both eyes achieved comparable refraction, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and higher order aberrations, and no greater than trace haze was detected. MMC-treated eyes suffered a greater loss of endothelial cell density (
P
< .001) and showed higher variance in cell size (
P
= .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Single-step transepithelial PRK with or without MMC showed similar efficacy and incidence of haze in eyes with mild to moderate myopia with total ablation depths of 160
μ
m or less. However, MMC-treated eyes showed a worse profile of endothelial cell indices. Applications of MMC in this subgroup of patients may be reconsidered.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(6):400–407.]
Corneal Epithelial Remodeling After Standard Epithelium-off Corneal Cross-linking in Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Lautert Jeferson , Doshi Dharmil , Price Francis W. , Price Marianne O. 
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE:
To evaluate remodeling of the corneal epithelium after epithelium-off corneal cross-linking (CXL).

METHODS:
In this prospective single-center study, 93 eyes of 93 patients with progressive keratoconus underwent standard CXL. The maximum keratometry was assessed before and after CXL with Scheimpflug imaging, and the epithelial thickness profile across the central 5 mm of the cornea was assessed with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography anterior segment imaging.

RESULTS:

The mean patient age was 27 ± 11 years; 76 patients (81%) were male and 17 (19%) were female. Between baseline and 6 months after CXL, the mean corneal maximum keratometry flattened from 58.90 to 57.80 diopters (
P
< .0001). The mean minimum epithelial thickness increased slightly (from 41 ± 6 to 42 ± 7
μ
m,
P
= .12), whereas the mean maximum epithelial thickness decreased slightly (from 65 ± 6 to 64 ± 7
μ
m,
P
= .067), reducing the net difference between the minimum and maximum epithelial thickness (from 24 ± 9 to 22 ± 9
μ
m,
P
= .0023). The difference between the minimum and maximum epithelial thickness was strongly positively correlated with the maximum keratometry reading at baseline (
R
2
= 0.38) and at 6 months after CXL (
R
2
= 0.59).

CONCLUSIONS:
Epithelium-off CXL resulted in modest regularization of the epithelial thickness profile across the central 5 mm of the cornea at 6 months. This could slightly mask flattening of the underlying stroma.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(6):408–412.]