bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
5 GHz laterally‐excited bulk‐wave resonators (XBARs) based on thin platelets of lithium niobate
Authors: Plessky V. , Yandrapalli S. , Turner P.J. , Villanueva L.G. , Koskela J. , Hammond R.B. 
Published: November 2018

In a free‐standing 400‐nm‐thick platelet of crystalline ZY‐LiNbO3, narrow electrodes (500 nm) placed periodically with a pitch of a few microns can eXcite standing shear‐wave bulk acoustic resonances (XBARs), by utilising lateral electric fields oriented parallel to the crystalline Y‐axis and parallel to the plane of the platelet. The resonance frequency of ∼4800 MHz is determined mainly by the platelet thickness and only weakly depends on the electrode width and the pitch. Simulations show quality‐factors (Q) at resonance and anti‐resonance higher than 1000. Measurements of the first fabricated devices show a resonance Q‐factor ∼300, strong piezoelectric coupling ∼25%, (indicated by the large Resonance‐antiResonance frequency spacing, ∼11%) and an impedance at resonance of a few ohms. The static capacitance of the devices, corresponds to the imaginary part of the impedance ∼100 Ω. This device opens the possibility for the development of low‐loss, wide band, RF filters in the 3–6 GHz range for 4th and 5th generation (4G/5G) mobile phones. XBARs can be produced using standard optical photolithography and MEMS processes. The 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th harmonics were observed, up to 38 GHz, and are also promising for high frequency filter design.
Parameter design method for capacitive power and signal transfer system based on multi‐objective optimisation algorithm
Authors: Su Yu‐Gang , Zhou Wei , Wang Zhi‐Hui , Wu Xue‐Ying , Qing Xiao‐Dong 
Published: November 2018

For most capacitive power transfer applications, a reliable signal transfer link between the primary side and the secondary side plays an essential role. The parameters design of the system has a key effect on the operating performance, however, the existing parameter design method can only get an acceptable solution, instead of a globally optimal solution. This study has proposed a general and global optimal parameter design method based on the constraint multi‐objective algorithm. The mathematical models of the power and signal channels as long as the power noise is established and all the objective functions are given according to the models. Besides, the constraints considering the reasonable region of the parameter values and the limitation of the voltage and current on the elements are given. Then the multi‐objective optimisation problem with the objective functions and constraints are solved by the non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, and the proper global optimal parameters are selected from the Pareto set. Finally, a simulation model and an experimental setup with 180 W power and 200 kbps signal transfer capability are constructed, and the results verified the effectiveness and correctness of this method.
Facharztgrundseminare „Laser in der Dermatologie“
Authors: Paasch U. , Bäumler W. , Seitz T. , Grunewald S. 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungLaser erfreuen sich umfänglicher Anwendung in der täglichen dermatologischen Routine, obwohl nahezu jede dermatologische Laserintervention durch andere Methoden ersetzt werden kann. Zudem sind Laser gefährlich, teuer, schwierig zu bedienen und erfordern ein hohes Maß an handwerklicher Geschicklichkeit. Nicht zuletzt bedarf es noch einiger Aufwände, die geforderten Zusatzqualifikationen zu erlangen, um dann allein Stück für Stück möglichst fehlerfrei praktische Erfahrung zu sammeln. Gut ausgebildet bietet die Laserintervention im Vergleich zu alternativen Optionen häufig den präziseren, schnelleren, ästhetischeren und eleganteren Therapieweg. Ziel der 2004 ins Leben gerufenen strukturierten Facharztgrundseminare war es, eine qualifizierte Ausbildungsplattform für diesen Spezialbereich der Dermatologie zu etablieren. Ausgewiesen wird dies durch das Zertifikat „Laser in der Dermatologie“.Es wird zu den Standards der Ausbildungsinhalte, der nunmehr 14-jährigen Praxiserfahrung und zu den mit neuen gesetzlichen Vorschriften notwendig werdenden Änderungen Stellung genommen.
Zertifikat „Tropen- und Reisedermatologie“
Authors: Reinel D. , Elsner P. 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Tropen- und Reisekrankheiten der Haut sind akute und chronische Hautkrankheiten infektiöser und nichtinfektiöser Natur, die auf die spezifischen Einwirkungen und Risiken des Aufenthalts in Klimaten außerhalb der gemäßigten Zone (Tropen, Subtropen, Arktis) zurückgehen.Vermehrte Reisetätigkeit, aber auch internationale Migration sowohl aus Entwicklungsländern in die Industrieländer als auch aus den Industrieländern in tropische und subtropische Länder konfrontiert den Dermatologen in den Industrieländern zunehmend mit Tropen- und Reisekrankheiten der Haut. Auch in den Industrieländern ausgebildete Dermatologen sind zunehmend international tätig und benötigen daher für ihre spezielle tropen- und reisedermatologische Tätigkeit fundierte Kenntnisse. Im Rahmen der dermatologischen Weiterbildung, zumal unter den Einschränkungen des DRG-Systems in Deutschland, wird eine fundierte tropen- und reisedermatologische Ausbildung nur vereinzelt angeboten.Die International Society for Dermatology in the Tropics in der ADI-TD hat daher in Kooperation mit der Deutschen Dermatologischen Akademie (DDA) mit dem Zertifikat „Tropen- und Reisedermatologie (DDA)“ ein wichtiges Fortbildungsangebot geschaffen.Die Fortbildungsinhalte für die Zertifizierung „Tropen- und Reisedermatologie (DDA)“ werden in 3 jeweils ganztägigen Modulen (je 7 Stunden) vermittelt: Grund-, Aufbau- und Spezialseminar. Auch eine Aufteilung in Halbtage im Rahmen größerer Fortbildungstagungen ist möglich.Die Seminare sind interaktiv; bestimmend sind die praxisorientierte Präsentation des Wissens und die kollegiale Diskussion mit ausgewiesenen Experten. Der Besuch der aufeinander aufbauenden Seminare sollte in chronologischer Reihenfolge in einem Zeitraum von maximal einem Jahr erfolgen. Zum Erhalt des Zertifikats ist einmal alle 5 Jahre die Teilnahme an einem Qualitätszirkel der Society for Dermatology in the Tropics (7 Stunden) vorgesehen, in dem aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Tropendermatologie komprimiert dargestellt und anhand von Falldiskussionen thematisiert werden.Für die praktische Vertiefung des im Zertifikat erworbenen Wissens vermittelt die International Society for Dermatology in the Tropics (ISDT) Praktika in tropendermatologischen Abteilungen und in dermatologischen Kliniken in tropischen Ländern.Daneben wird der Besuch der fachspezifischen Tagungen der ADI-TD und die Teilnahme an den im Auftrag der DDG von der ISDT organisierten tropendermatologischen Kurse in tropischen Ländern empfohlen.
Sind die „kleinen Atemwege“ der Schlüssel zum Verständnis von Pathophysiologie und Therapieeffizienz chronisch obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankungen?
Authors: Koehler U. , Hildebrandt O. , Koehler N. , Sohrabi K. 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit vermittelt Informationen über die Bedeutung der „kleinen Atemwege“ hinsichtlich der Pathogenese chronisch obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankungen, insbesondere der COPD. Die Verzweigungen der Bronchien werden in Generationen eingeteilt. Bis zu den Bronchioli terminales hat das Bronchialsystem eine vorwiegende Luftleitungsfunktion (Generationen 0 – 16), mit den Bronchioli respiratorii beginnt die eigentliche Respirationszone (Generationen 17 – 23). Nach heutigem Wissen sind insbesondere die kleinen Atemwege mit einem Durchmesser < 2 mm von pathogenetischer Bedeutung, zumal die chronisch protrahiert verlaufende Inflammation hier zu morphologischen und strukturellen Veränderungen sowie zu einer Erhöhung des Atemwegswiderstandes führt. Bei schwergradiger COPD ist eine hochgradige Reduktion und Destruktion der bronchioli terminales festzustellen. Ob es bereits in einem frühen COPD-Stadium zu einem Atemwegsremodeling kommt, ist noch unklar. Hinsichtlich der In-vivo-Diagnostik morphologischer und funktioneller Veränderungen der kleinen Atemwege existiert bislang noch kein Goldstandard. Die Mikro-CT eröffnet jedoch neue Optionen der Darstellung von Mikrostrukturen im Bereich der terminalen Bronchiolen. Von therapeutischer Seite stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie eine Optimierung der inhalativen Medikamentendeposition im Bereich der „small airways“ zu erreichen ist.
Sonographie peripherer Nerven: Nervenkompressionssyndrome
Authors: Schminke Ulf , Allendörfer Jens 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungZu den häufigsten Anwendungen der Sonografie peripherer Nerven gehört die Untersuchung von Nervenkompressionssyndromen. Der folgende Artikel hat zum Ziel, eine Übersicht über die typischen sonografischen Befunde sowie über den Zusatznutzen der Sonografie gegenüber der elektrophysiologischen Untersuchung bei den häufigsten Nervenkompressionssyndromen wie dem Karpaltunnelsyndrom, der Ulnarisneuropathie am Ellenbogen, dem Loge de Guyon-Syndrom, dem Interosseus posterior-Syndrom, der Meralgia parästhetica, der Peronaeusneuropathie am Fibulaköpfchen und dem hinteren Tarsaltunnelsyndrom zu geben.
Organ-Specific, Age-Dependent Associations of Steady-State Pressures and Pulsatile Pressure Wave Components With End-Organ Measures
Authors: Kolkenbeck-Ruh Andrea , Motau Tshegofatso H , Naran Ravi , Libhaber Carlos D , Sareli Pinhas , Norton Gavin R , Woodiwiss Angela J 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The contribution of steady-state pressures and the forward (Pf) and backward (reflected) (Pb) wave pressure components of pulse pressure to risk prediction have produced contrasting results. We hypothesized that the independent contribution of steady-state pressures (mean arterial pressure [MAP]), Pf and Pb, to cardiovascular damage is organ specific and age dependent.

METHODS
In 1,384 black South Africans from a community sample, we identified independent relations between MAP, Pf, or Pb (applanation tonometry and SphygmoCor software) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (n = 997) (echocardiography), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) (n = 804) (B-mode ultrasound), or aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) (n = 1,217).

RESULTS
Independent of risk factors, relations between Pf and IMT were noted in those over 50 years (P &lt; 0.02), whereas in those less than 50 years, MAP (P &lt; 0.005) was independently associated with IMT. Pb failed to show independent relations with IMT at any age (P &gt; 0.37) In contrast, independent relations between Pb and LVMI were noted in those less than (P &lt; 0.0001), and greater than (P &lt; 0.02) 50 years, whereas MAP was not independently associated with LVMI at any age (P &gt; 0.07) and Pf tended to show significant relations only in the elderly (P = 0.05). Moreover, although MAP (P &lt; 0.005) and Pb (P &lt; 0.01) showed independent relations with PWV at any age, Pf failed to show independent relations (P &gt; 0.10).

CONCLUSION
Independent of confounders, steady-state and aortic Pf and Pb show associations with end-organ measures that are organ specific and age dependent.
5-Year Prospective Evaluation of Cytology, Human Papillomavirus Testing, and Biomarkers for Detection of Anal Precancer in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Clarke Megan A , Cheung Li C , Lorey Thomas , Hare Brad , Landy Rebecca , Tokugawa Diane , Gage Julia C , Darragh Teresa M , Castle Philip E , Wentzensen Nicolas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related biomarkers have shown good cross-sectional performance for anal precancer detection in human immunodeficiency virus–positive (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the long-term performance and risk stratification of these biomarkers are unknown. Here, we prospectively evaluated high-risk (HR) HPV DNA, HPV16/18 genotyping, HPV E6/E7 messenger RNA (mRNA), and p16/Ki-67 dual stain in a population of HIV+ MSM.

Methods
We enrolled 363 HIV+ MSM between 2009–2010, with passive follow-up through 2015. All had anal cytology and a high-resolution anoscopy at baseline. For each biomarker, we calculated the baseline sensitivity and specificity for a combined endpoint of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe diagnoses (HSIL/AIN2+), and we estimated the 2- and 5-year cumulative risks of HSIL/AIN2+ using logistic and Cox regression models.

Results
There were 129 men diagnosed with HSIL/AIN2+ during the study. HR-HPV testing had the highest positivity and sensitivity of all assays, but the lowest specificity. HPV16/18 and HPV E6/E7 mRNA had high specificity, but lower sensitivity. The 2- and 5-year risks of HSIL/AIN2+ were highest for those testing HPV16/18- or HPV E6/E7 mRNA–positive, followed by those testing dual stain–positive. Those testing HR-HPV– or dual stain–negative had the lowest 2- and 5-year risks of HSIL/AIN2+.

Conclusions
HPV-related biomarkers provide long-term risk stratification for anal precancers. HR-HPV– and dual stain–negativity indicate a low risk of HSIL/AIN2+ for at least 2 years, compared with negative anal cytology; however, the high positivity of HR-HPV in HIV+ MSM may limit its utility for surveillance and management in this population.
The development of an integrated behavioural model of patient compliance with diabetes medication: a mixed-method study protocol
Authors: Swarna Nantha Yogarabindranath , Haque Shamsul , Swarna Nantha Hemanath 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere has been a shift in worldwide disease burden from infections to non-communicable diseases, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D). Behavioural change and self-management are key to optimal T2D control. Several universal models of diabetic care have been proposed to help explain the dimensions of T2D self-care such as medication adherence, physical activity, diet and patient–doctor interaction. These models do not allow an objective and quantifiable measurement of the problems faced by patients in terms of medication compliance.ObjectiveTo create a comprehensive conceptual model of behavioural change related to T2D medication compliance.MethodsA cross-sectional study will be conducted at a regional primary care clinic using a mixed-method technique. First, a Grounded Theory qualitative inquiry will be used to investigate predictors of medication adherence in T2D patients. Consequently, the elements derived from the interview will be incorporated into the Theory of Planned Behaviour framework to generate an integrated behavioural model. This model will then be used to quantify the factors related to compliance with medication amongst T2D patients.DiscussionThe framework developed here could help in the design of policies to optimize T2D control by identifying lapses in patients’ intake of diabetic medications. This can be done by exploring the patients’ fundamental and unarticulated belief system via a naturalistic approach adopted in this study. The properties of the framework can be replicated in other settings to serve as a benchmark for quality improvement in T2D patient care.
Association between physical activity and scoliosis: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Tobias Jon H , Fairbank Jeremy , Harding Ian , Taylor Hilary J , Clark Emma M 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Little is understood about the causes of adolescent onset idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). No prospective studies assessing the association between physical activity and idiopathic adolescent scoliosis have been carried out. We aimed to carry out the first prospective population-based study of this association.

Methods
The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) collected self-reported measures of physical ability/activity at ages 18 months and 10 years. Objective measures of physical activity were collected by accelerometry at age 11 years. scoliosis was identified using the dxa scoliosis Method at age 15 years. Participants with scoliosis at age 10 years were excluded.

Results
Of 4640 participants at age 15 years who had DXA scans, 267 (5.8%) had scoliosis. At age 18 months, those infants who were able to stand up without being supported were 66% less likely to have developed scoliosis by age 15 (P = 0.030) compared with infants who could not. Those children whose mothers reported they did most vigorous physical activity at age 10 years were 53% less likely to develop scoliosis (P = 0.027). Those children who did more objectively measured moderate/vigorous physical activity at age 11 were 30% less likely to have developed scoliosis (P &lt; 0.001). Results were not affected by adjustment for age, gender, lean mass, fat mass or back pain.

Conclusions
We report reduced physical ability and activity as early as age 18 months in those who go on to develop scoliosis by age 15 years. Further research is justified to examine the mechanisms underlying this association.
MicroRNA 146a Polymorphisms and Expression in Indian Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Jemimah Devanandan Helen , Venkatesan Vettriselvi , Scott Julius Xavier , Magatha Latha Sneha , Durairaj Paul Solomon Franklin , Koshy Teena 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
MicroRNAs (miR) have been reported to be involved in hematopoiesis and in the pathogenesis of several hematological malignant neoplasms. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in human miR genes may alter the expression of those genes and influence the predisposition to childhood leukemia.

Objective
To evaluate the association of rs2910164 G>C, rs57095329 A>G and the expression of miRNA-146a in ethnic South Asian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Method
Genotyping and expression analysis using TaqMan Small RNA Assay was performed on 71 patients with pathologically confirmed ALL and 74 control individuals.

Results
No statistically significant association was found between the 2 SNPs, its expression levels, and ALL risk.

Conclusion
Haplotype analysis indicated a combination of allele A of rs57095329 and allele G of rs2910164 could represent a risk haplotype and an allele combination of G of rs57095329 and G of rs2910164 could represent a protective haplotype for ALL.
An interferon gamma release assay specific for Histoplasma capsulatum to detect asymptomatic infected individuals: A proof of concept study
Authors: Rubio-Carrasquilla Marcela , Santa Cristian David , Rendón Juan Pablo , Botero-Garcés Jorge , Guimarães Allan J , Moreno Ernesto , Cano Luz Elena 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHistoplasmosis is the most common endemic mycosis in the Americas. Currently, there is no laboratory test capable to detect subclinical or latent infections by Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc), which might develop as severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. For the first time to our knowledge, we explore the suitability of an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) to detect latent Hc infection in asymptomatic individuals. A cohort of 126 volunteers was enrolled in the study, 13 of which underwent a Hc infection in the past, and 93 of them showing risk factors for this infection. The remaining 20 participants did not refer any risk factors of Hc infection, but eight of them showed evidences of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All participants were recruited in Medellin, Colombia, between January 2014 and December 2017. Whole blood samples were cultured with four different Hc crude antigens and phytohemaglutinin as positive control. The interferon (IFN)-γ released by T lymphocytes upon antigen stimulation was quantified by ELISA. A defined cutoff value of 20 pg/ml for the IFN-γ concentration allowed us to distinguish between the group with documented past infections and the group of noninfected individuals with high sensitivity (70–92%) and specificity (85–95%), for the four tested antigens. Positive 82–95% and negative 77–92% predictive values were also very high, comparable to those reported for commercially available IGRAs. The new test constitutes a promising screening method to detect individuals with latent Hc infection, even decades after the primary infection, as evidenced in this study.
Novel Paranannizziopsis species in a Wagler's viper (Tropidolaemus wagleri), tentacled snakes (Erpeton tentaculatum), and a rhinoceros snake (Rhynchophis boulengeri) in a zoological collection
Authors: Rainwater Kimberly L , Wiederhold Nathan P , Sutton Deanna A , Garner Michael M , Maguire Cheryl , Sanders Carmita , Gibas Connie , Cano José F , Guarro Josep , Stchigel Alberto M 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report several cases of fungal infections in snakes associated with a new species within the genus Paranannizziopsis. Three juvenile Wagler's vipers (Tropidolaemus wagleri) presented with skin abnormalities or ulcerative dermatitis, and two snakes died. Histologic examination of skin from the living viper revealed hyperplastic, hyperkeratotic, and crusting epidermitis with intralesional fungal elements. The terrestrial Wagler's vipers were housed in a room with fully aquatic tentacled snakes (Erpeton tentaculatum), among which there had been a history of intermittent skin lesions. Approximately 2 months after the biopsy of the viper, a skin sample was collected from one tentacled snake (TS1) with skin abnormalities and revealed a fungal infection with a similar histologic appearance. Fungal isolates were obtained via culture from the Wagler's viper and TS1 and revealed a novel species, Paranannizziopsis tardicrescens, based on phenotypic characterization and molecular analysis. P. tardicrescens was cultured and identified by DNA sequence analysis 8 months later from a dead tentacled snake in an exhibit in an adjacent hallway and 13 months later from a living rhinoceros snake (Rhynchophis boulengeri) with two focal skin lesions. Antifungal susceptibility testing on three of four cultured isolates demonstrated potent in vitro activity for terbinafine and voriconazole.
Repeat renal biopsy improves the Oxford classification-based prediction of immunoglobulin A nephropathy outcome
Authors: Jullien Perrine , Laurent Blandine , Berthoux François , Masson Ingrid , Dinic Miriana , Claisse Guillaume , Thibaudin Damien , Mariat Christophe , Alamartine Eric , Maillard Nicolas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is very heterogeneous. Predicting the nature and the rate of the disease progression is crucial for refining patient treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of an Oxford classification-based repeat kidney tissue evaluation to predict end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Methods
Patients with biopsy-proven primary IgAN who underwent two renal biopsies at our centre were analyzed retrospectively. Renal biopsies were scored by two pathologists blinded to the clinical data and according to the updated Oxford classification. Cox models were generated to evaluate the prognostic impact considering the Oxford classification elementary lesions from the first (Model 1) or the second (Model 2) biopsy, adjusted on clinical data at time of reevaluation. The prognostic impacts of the dynamic evolution of each elementary lesion between biopsies were also assessed through univariate and multivariate evaluation.

Results
A total of 168 adult patients were included, with a median follow-up duration of 18 (range 11–24) years. The second biopsy was performed either systematically (n = 112) of for-cause (n = 56), after a median time of 5.4 years. The prognostic performances of Model 2 (second biopsy) were significantly better than Model 1 (first biopsy, analysis of deviance P &lt; 0.0001). The dynamic changes of C and T lesions were significantly associated with the progression toward ESRD after adjustment on variables from Model 2.

Conclusion
Both static and dynamic Oxford-based histological evaluation offered by a repeat biopsy improves the prediction of ESRD in patients with IgAN.