bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sea surface temperature dictates movement and habitat connectivity of Atlantic cod in a coastal fjord system
Authors: Staveley Thomas A. B. , Jacoby David M. P. , Perry Diana , van der Meijs Felix , Lagenfelt Ingvar , Cremle Mikael , Gullström Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile movements of organisms have been studied across a myriad of environments, information is often lacking regarding spatio‐seasonal patterning in complex temperate coastal systems. Highly mobile fish form an integral part of marine food webs providing linkages within and among habitats, between patches of habitats, and at different life stages. We investigated how movement, activity, and connectivity patterns of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) are influenced by dynamic environmental conditions. Movement patterns of 39 juvenile and subadult Atlantic cod were assessed in two coastal sites in the Swedish Skagerrak for 5 months. We used passive acoustic telemetry and network analysis to assess seasonal and spatial movement patterns of cod and their relationships to different environmental factors, using statistical correlations, analysis of recurrent spatial motifs, and generalized linear mixed models. Temperature, in combination with physical barriers, precludes significant connectivity (complex motifs) within the system. Sea surface temperature had a strong influence on connectivity (node strength, degree, and motif frequency), where changes from warmer summer waters to colder winter waters significantly reduced movement activity of fish. As the seasons changed, movement of fish gradually decreased from large‐scale (km) linkages in the summer to more localized movement patterns in the winter (limited to 100s m). Certain localized areas, however, were identified as important for connectivity throughout the whole study period, likely due to these multiple‐habitat areas fulfilling functions required for foraging and shelter. This study provides new knowledge regarding inshore movement dynamics of juvenile and subadult Atlantic cod that use complex, coastal fjord systems. The findings show that connectivity, seasonal patterns in particular, should be carefully considered when selecting conservation areas to promote marine stewardship.
Social information drives ecological outcomes among competing species
Authors: Gil M. A. , Baskett M. L. , Schreiber S. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThrough its behavior, an organism intentionally or unintentionally produces information. Use of this “social information” by surrounding conspecifics or heterospecifics is a ubiquitous phenomenon that can drive strong correlations in fitness‐associated behaviors, such as predator avoidance, enhancing survival within and among competing species. By eliciting indirect positive interactions between competing individuals or species, social information might alter overall competitive outcomes. To test this potential, we present new theory that quantifies the effect of social information, modeled as predator avoidance signals/cues, on the outcomes from intraspecific and interspecific competition. Our analytical and numerical results reveal that social information can rescue populations from extinction and can shift the long‐term outcome of competitive interactions from mutual exclusion to coexistence, or vice versa, depending on the relative strengths of intraspecific and interspecific social information and competition. Our findings highlight the importance of social information in determining ecological outcomes.
The thin blue line: A review of shoreline dynamics across time scales and environments
Authors: Voller Vaughan R. , Swenson John B. , Paola Chris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA major thread of theoretical research on the response of shorelines to changing boundary conditions has adapted the moving‐boundary approach from heat transfer and solidification/melting. On sufficiently short time scales, shorelines respond to changes in relative sea level in a simple, geometrically predictable way. On longer time scales, their behaviour becomes far more complex and interesting, because the surface over which the shoreline moves is itself continually modified by morphodynamics that depend sensitively on shoreline location. This makes the shoreline the archetype of moving‐boundary problems in morphodynamics, and subject to potentially counterintuitive behaviours over time scales on which the sediment surface modifies itself as relative sea level changes. We review existing moving‐boundary theories and propose two significant extensions to allow inclusion of first‐order effects of waves and tides. First, we show how wave effects can be included via planform diffusion linked to river‐mouth location, which results in shoreline smoothing during delta‐lobe growth and localized transgression after channel abandonment. Tides produce a low‐gradient region in which the sea and land overlap; we show how this can be treated in a moving‐boundary framework by replacing the shoreline with a ‘mushy region' so that the handoff from land to water occurs over a zone rather than a line. We also propose that the moving‐boundary approach can be readily generalized to other dynamic moving boundaries, such as those separating different regimes of river transport. The shoreline thus serves as a prototype for modelling dynamic facies boundaries along the whole source–sink system. © 2019 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A2AR‐induced transcriptional deregulation in astrocytes: An in vitro study
Authors: Paiva Isabel , Carvalho Kévin , Santos Patrícia , Cellai Lucrezia , Pavlou Maria Angeliki S. , Jain Gaurav , Gnad Thorsten , Pfeifer Alexander , Vieau Didier , Fischer André , Buée Luc , Outeiro Tiago F. , Blum David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) are modulators of various physiological processes essential for brain homeostasis and fine synaptic tuning. In certain neurodegenerative conditions, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD), A2ARs are pathologically upregulated in neurons but also in astrocytes. In that context, the use of A2ARs inhibitors, normalizing impaired receptor function, is seen as a potential therapeutic strategy. However, the impact of A2AR alterations, particularly in astrocytes, is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of A2AR overexpression on transcriptional deregulation in primary astrocytic cultures. By performing whole transcriptome analysis, we found that A2AR overexpression promotes robust transcriptional changes, mostly affecting immune response, angiogenesis, and cell activation‐related genes. Importantly, we observed that treatment with SCH58261, a selective A2AR antagonist, restored the expression levels of several inflammatory and astrocytic activation‐related genes, such as Interleukin‐1beta and vimentin. This supports the notion that A2AR blockade could restore some astrocytic dysfunctions associated with abnormal A2AR expression, further arguing for a potential beneficial impact of receptor antagonists in A2AR‐induced transcriptional deregulation, inflammation, and astrogliosis. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the putative impact of A2AR overexpression on transcriptional deregulation in astrocytes, thereby opening novel avenues for the use of A2AR antagonists as potential therapeutic strategy in neurodegenerative diseases.
GemC1 is a critical switch for neural stem cell generation in the postnatal brain
Authors: Lalioti Maria‐Eleni , Kaplani Konstantina , Lokka Georgia , Georgomanolis Theodore , Kyrousi Christina , Dong Weilai , Dunbar Ashley , Parlapani Evangelia , Damianidou Eleni , Spassky Nathalie , Kahle Kristopher T. , Papantonis Argyris , Lygerou Zoi , Taraviras Stavros 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of two main niches where neurogenesis persists during adulthood, as it retains neural stem cells (NSCs) with self‐renewal capacity and multi‐lineage potency. Another critical cellular component of the niche is the population of postmitotic multiciliated ependymal cells. Both cell types are derived from radial glial cells that become specified to each lineage during embryogenesis. We show here that GemC1, encoding Geminin coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein 1, is associated with congenital hydrocephalus in humans and mice. Our results show that GemC1 deficiency drives cells toward a NSC phenotype, at the expense of multiciliated ependymal cell generation. The increased number of NSCs is accompanied by increased levels of proliferation and neurogenesis in the postnatal SVZ. Finally, GemC1‐knockout cells display altered chromatin organization at multiple loci, further supporting a NSC identity. Together, these findings suggest that GemC1 regulates the balance between NSC generation and ependymal cell differentiation, with implications for the pathogenesis of human congenital hydrocephalus.
Amyloid β deposition in subcortical stroke patients and effects of educational achievement: A pilot study
Authors: Yasuno Fumihiko , Kajimoto Katsufumi , Ihara Masafumi , Taguchi Akihiko , Yamamoto Akihide , Fukuda Tetsyuta , Kazui Hiroaki , Iida Hidehiro , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveA direct causal relationship of cerebrovascular risk factors/stroke to amyloid β (Aβ) deposition has yet to be shown. We conducted [11C] Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)–positron emission tomography (PET) analysis on subacute ischemic stroke patients and healthy controls. We hypothesized that subacute ischemic stroke patients would show focal Aβ accumulation in cortical regions, which would increase and extend over time during the chronic phase after stroke onset.MethodsPatients were recruited 14 to 28 days after acute subcortical ischemic stroke and examined with [11C]PiB‐PET scans. Regional time‐activity data were analyzed with the Logan graphical method. Whole brain voxel‐based analysis was conducted to compare stroke patients with healthy controls. We also performed longitudinal comparison of patients with successive [11C]PiB‐PET scans 1 year after stroke.ResultsVoxel‐based analysis revealed a significant increase of [11C]PiB‐BPND of the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) in stroke patients at the subacute stage. Based on stepwise multiple regression analysis of [11C]PiB‐BP changes during follow‐up as the dependent variable, years of education was the best independent correlate. There was a significant negative relationship between changes in [11C]PiB‐BP and years of education.ConclusionsOur results suggest that processes before and after the onset of ischemic stroke may trigger Aβ deposition in the PCu/PCC, whereby amyloid deposition begins at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our findings support the existence of a cooperative association between vascular risk factors/stroke and AD progression. Further, educational achievement had a protective effect against the increase in Aβ accumulation.
Comparative analysis of nanofluid‐based Organic Rankine Cycle through thermoeconomic optimization
Authors: Prajapati Parth P. , Patel Vivek K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present work focused on the comparative analysis of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operated with nanoparticles. The effect of CuO and Al2O
3 nanoparticles synthesized with water and circulated within heat exchangers are examined. Thermal efficiency and levelized energy cost (LEC) of the nanofluid based ORC are evaluated simultaneously in the present work. The optimization problem of ORC is formed and solved using heat transfer search algorithm. Operating parameters of the nanofluid based ORC such as pinch point temperature difference of heat exchangers, evaporation pressure, the mass flow rate of refrigerant, and concentration of nanoparticles are investigated in the optimization study. Further, the effect of turbine ratio, heat source temperature, and mass flow rate of heat source fluid on CuO and Al
2O
3 based ORC is explored and discussed. It was observed that a total variation of 35.2% was obtained at the cost of 3.5% variation in LEC between extreme design points. The maximum thermal efficiency of 19.3% and 19.32% can be obtained with CuO and Al
2O
3 with 2.616 and 2.62 $/kWh, respectively. Comparative results reveal that CuO based ORC shows dominance in terms of economic performance over Al
2O
3 based ORC for any given value of the thermal efficiency.
Significance of the nonlinear radiative flow of micropolar nanoparticles over porous surface with a gyrotactic microorganism, activation energy, and Nield's condition
Authors: Waqas Hassan , Khan Sami Ullah , Shehzad Sabir Ali , Imran Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCurrent continuation presents the numerical study regarding stretched flow micropolar nanofluid over moving the sheet in the existence of activation energy and microorganisms. Furthermore, nonlinear aspects of thermal radiation are also utilized in the energy equation which results in the energy equation becomes highly nonlinear. This investigation has been performed by using convective Nield boundary conditions. First, useful dimensionless variables are implemented to reduce the partial differential into ordinary ones. Later on, the approximate solution of the transformed physical problem is computed by using the shooting scheme. A detailed physical interpretation of obtained results is also presented for velocity, temperature, motile microorganisms density, and mass concentration profiles. A detailed graphical explanation for each engineering parameter has been discussed for some specified range like , and The theoretical computations based presented here can be more proficient to attain the maximum efficiency of various thermal extrusion systems and microbial fuel cells.
Leishmania species‐dependent functional duality of toll‐like receptor 2
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Nemati Maryam , Sharifi Iraj , Nair Arathi , Shukla Divanshu , Chauhan Prashant , Khorramdelazad Hossain , Sarkar Arup , Saha Bhaskar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are a subset of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) in innate immunity and act as a connecting link between innate and adaptive immune systems. During Leishmania infection, the activation of TLRs influences the pathogen‐specific immune responses, which may play a decisive role in determining the outcome of infection, toward elimination or survival of the pathogen. Antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) of the innate immune system such as macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT cells express TLR2, which plays a crucial role in the parasite recognition and elicitation of immune responses in Leishmania infection. Depending on the infecting Leishmania species, the TLR2 pathways may result in a host‐protective or a disease‐exacerbating response. While Leishmania major and Leishmania donovani infections trigger TLR2‐related host‐protective and non‐protective immune responses, Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania infantum infections are reported to elicit TLR2‐mediated host‐protective responses and Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis infections are reported to evoke a disease‐exacerbating response. These findings illustrate that TLR2‐related effector functions are diverse and may be exerted in a species‐ or strain‐dependent manner. TLR2 agonists or antagonists may have therapeutic potentials to trigger the desired immune response during leishmaniasis. In this review, we discuss the TLR2‐related immune responses during leishmaniasis and highlight the novel insights into the possible role of TLR2‐driven resistance or susceptibility to Leishmania.
Experimental and theoretical electronic absorption spectra of 2,4‐diphenyl‐1,5‐benzothiazepine and its derivatives: Solvatochromic effect and time dependent density functional theory approach
Authors: Moustafa Hussein , Elshakre Mohamed E. , Hassaneen Huwaida M. E. , Elramly Salwa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectronic spectra of 2,4‐diphenyl‐1,5‐benzothiazepine and some of its derivatives in 1,2‐dichloromethane and ethanol are investigated experimentally and theoretically using the time dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) method at the B3LYP/6‐311G** level of the theory. The origin of the spectrum of the parent compound is found to be an additive one. The observed ultra violet (UV) spectra in both solvents show two bands S1 in the range between 312–334 nm and S2 in the range between 248–272 nm. The solvent effect is investigated experimentally and theoretically and a blue shift is observed, which is explained in terms of a hydrogen bond model between the solvent and the most negative site of the solute (N atom). This theoretical model is robust in reproducing the experimental blue shift and calculating the hydrogen bond energy and hydrogen bond length. The extent of delocalization and charge transfer processes of the studied compounds is estimated and discussed in terms of natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis and second order perturbation interactions (E2) between donors and acceptors. The effect of substituents of the studied compounds in both solvents shows a noticeable red shift attributed to hyperconjugation effects of the π electron systems of the different moieties.
Microalgae biotechnology as an attempt for bioregenerative life support systems: problems and prospects
Authors: Yang Limin , Li Huankai , Liu Tonggui , Zhong Yuqing , Ji Chengcheng , Lu Qian , Fan Liangliang , Li Jun , Leng Lijian , Li Kun , Zhou Wenguang 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBioregenerative life support system (BLSS) plays a key role in the long‐duration manned space mission. Microalgae‐based BLSS was proposed decades ago but it had a variety of technical problems hindering its application in space mission. However, in recent years, a lot of effort has been devoted to this field and great progresses have been achieved in the research of microalgae‐based BLSS. Therefore, the main aim of this work is to summarize the previous progress and find the challenges faced by microalgae‐based BLSS technology. In this regard, this works introduces the concept of microalgae‐based BLSS and presents its development paths in the past decades. Additionally, technology updates in the aspects of microalgae‐based oxygen generation, value‐added biomass production as food alternative, and wastes treatment by microalgae are summarized. Challenges faced by microalgae‐based BLSS and potential solutions are discussed. This work provides a deep understanding of microalgae‐based BLSS and that it would be beneficial for promoting implementation of this novel technology in manned space missions. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrastructural analysis of the yolk processing pattern in embryonic pond slider turtles (Trachemys scripta: Emydidae)
Authors: Blackburn Daniel G. , Lestz Luisa L. , Barnes Madeline S. , Appiah Farahana A. , Bonneau Laurie J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvolution of the large‐yolked, amniotic egg required mechanisms by which extracellular yolk could be made available for embryonic development. In birds, the endodermal lining of the yolk sac absorbs and digests the yolk. In contrast, recent studies on lizards and snakes (squamates) have revealed that yolk is processed by means of a proliferating mass of “spaghetti‐like” strands formed by endodermal cells attached to anastomosing blood vessels. To clarify the method of yolk processing in chelonians, we applied electron microscopy to an extensive series of embryos of the pond slider turtle, Trachemys scripta. Our findings demonstrate that proliferating endodermal cells phagocytose yolk spheres. These cells remain attached to one another following mitosis, thereby forming clumps that progressively occupy the yolk sac cavity. Upon invasion of blood vessels, the cells become organized into elongated, vascularized “spaghetti‐like” strands of cells like those found in squamates. Residual yolk found in the body cavity of new hatchlings chiefly consists of these vascularized strands. Such strands of cells also develop in the false map turtle, Graptemys pseudographica (Emydidae). We infer that the developmental pattern by which yolk is processed is ancestral for both Chelonia and Reptilia, and therefore must have been modified or abandoned in birds or their archosaur ancestors.
On minimal triangle‐free 6‐chromatic graphs
Authors: Goedgebeur Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA graph with chromatic number is called ‐chromatic. Using computational methods, we show that the smallest triangle‐free 6‐chromatic graphs have at least 32 and at most 40 vertices. We also determine the complete set of all triangle‐free 5‐chromatic graphs up to 24 vertices. This implies that Reed's conjecture holds for triangle‐free graphs up to at least this order. We also establish that a smallest regular triangle‐free 5‐chromatic graph has 24 vertices. Finally, we show that the smallest 5‐chromatic graphs of girth at least 5 have at least 29 vertices and that the smallest 4‐chromatic graphs of girth at least 6 have at least 25 vertices.
Quantitative proteomic analyses in blood: A window to human health and disease
Authors: Whittaker Kelly , Burgess Rob , Jones Valerie , Yang Yanqing , Zhou Weifan , Luo Shuhong , Wilson Jarad , Huang Ruo-Pan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This review discusses how the measurement of proteins in blood and its components via quantitative proteomics analyses can inform health status. Various external and internal factors such as environmental conditions, genetic background, nutrition, diet, and lifestyle, chronic pathological conditions, disease state, or therapeutic intervention will be investigated and their effects on the protein profile will be shown. The resulting changes to ones’ health and how this protein expression information can be used in early screening/diagnostic applications, drug discovery, precision treatment, patient management, and monitoring overall health status will also be presented.
3D printing with MRI in pediatric applications
Authors: Parthasarathy Jayanthi , Krishnamurthy Ramkumar , Ostendorf Adam , Shinoka Toshiharu , Krishnamurthy Rajesh 
Published: July 2019

3D printing (3DP) applications for clinical evaluation, preoperative planning, patient and trainee education, and simulation has increased in the past decade. Most of the applications are found in cardiovascular, head and neck, orthopedic, neurological, urological, and oncological surgical cases. This review has three parts. The first part discusses the technical pathway to realizing a physical model, 3DP considerations in pediatric MRI image acquisition, data and resolution requirements, and related structural segmentation and postprocessing steps needed to generalize both virtual and physical models. Standard practices and processing software used in these processes will be assessed. The second part discusses complementary examples in pediatric applications, including cases from cardiology, neuroradiology, neurology, and neurosurgery, head and neck, orthopedics, pelvic and urological applications, oncological applications, and fetal imaging. The third part explores other 3D printing applications and considerations such as using 3DP to develop tissue‐specific phantoms and devices for testing in the MR environment, to educate patients and their families, to train clinicians and students, and facility requirements for building a 3DP program.Level of Evidence: 5Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1641–1658.