bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher daily doses of caffeine lowered the incidence of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disabilities in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Ravichandran Saranya , Chouthai Nitin Shashikant , Patel Bhavyata , Sharma Amit , Gupte Avanti , Ma Mia Michelle , Mamilla Divya , Lulic‐Botica Mirjana , Thomas Ronald , Kamat Deepak 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimWe determined the influence of cumulative dosing of caffeine citrate on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of low birth weight (VLBW) infants at 18–22 months of postmenstrual age.MethodsThis retrospective chart analysis was conducted at Detroit Medical Center, Michigan, USA. The 181 infants we included were born between January 2006 and December 2016, were less than 32 weeks of gestational age and weighed less than 1500 grams. Data on their perinatal and postnatal characteristics were retrieved from their medical records and they were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development – Third Edition.ResultsThe 64 infants with no neurodevelopmental disability or a mild disability received a significantly higher average daily dose (mg/kg/day) of caffeine citrate with a median of 7.58 (range 2.7–12.2) mg/kg/day, than the 79 infants with a moderate to severe disability, who received a median of 6.47 (range 3.1–12.5, p = 0.01). The total cumulative dose had no effect on bronchopulmonary dysplasia or neurodevelopmental outcomes.ConclusionA higher average daily dose of caffeine citrate was associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes of VLBW infants. However, the cumulative dose did not have an impact on their short‐term or long‐term outcomes. Further research is needed to confirm our findings.
Dorsal striatum dopamine oscillations: Setting the pace of food anticipatory activity
Authors: de Lartigue Guillaume , McDougle Molly 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPredicting the uncertainties of the ever‐changing environment provides a competitive advantage for animals. The need to anticipate food sources has provided a strong evolutionary drive for synchronizing behavioural and internal processes with daily circadian cycles. When food is restricted to a few hours per day, rodents exhibit increased wakefulness and foraging behaviour preceding the arrival of food. Interestingly, while the master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus entrains daily rhythms to the light cycle, it is not necessary for this food anticipatory activity. This suggests the existence of a food‐entrained oscillator located elsewhere. Based on the role of nigrostriatal dopamine in reward processing, motor function, working memory and internal timekeeping, we propose a working model by which food‐entrained dopamine oscillations in the dorsal striatum can enable animals maintained on a restricted feeding schedule to anticipate food arrival. Finally, we summarize how metabolic signals in the gut are conveyed to the nigrostriatal pathway to suggest possible insight into potential input mechanisms for food anticipatory activity.
Systematic review and network meta‐analysis: first‐ and second‐line biologic therapies for moderate‐severe Crohn's disease
Authors: Singh S. , Fumery M. , Sandborn W. J. , Murad M. H. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundThere are limited data to inform positioning of agents for treating moderate‐severe Crohn's disease (CD).AimWe assessed comparative efficacy and safety of first‐line (biologic‐naïve) and second‐line (prior exposure to anti‐tumour necrosis factor [TNF]‐α) agents) biologic therapy for moderate‐severe CD, through a systematic review and network meta‐analysis, and appraised quality of evidence (QoE) using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.MethodsWe identified randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with moderate‐severe CD treated with approved anti‐TNF agents, anti‐integrin agents and anti‐IL12/23 agents, first‐line or second‐line, and compared with placebo or another active agent. Efficacy outcomes were induction and maintenance of clinical remission; safety outcomes were serious adverse events and infections. Network meta‐analyses were performed, and ranking was assessed using surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities.ResultsNo head‐to‐head trials were identified. In biologic‐naïve patients, infliximab (SUCRA,0.93) and adalimumab (SUCRA,0.75) were ranked highest for induction of clinical remission (moderate QoE). In patients with prior anti‐TNF exposure, adalimumab (SUCRA, 0.91; low QoE, in patients with prior response or intolerance to anti‐TNF agents) and ustekinumab (SUCRA, 0.71) were ranked highest for induction of clinical remission. In patients with response to induction therapy, adalimumab (SUCRA, 0.97) and infliximab (SUCRA, 0.68) were ranked highest for maintenance of remission. Ustekinumab had lowest risk of serious adverse events (SUCRA, 0.72) and infection (SUCRA, 0.71; along with infliximab, SUCRA, 0.83) in maintenance trials.ConclusionIndirect comparisons suggest that infliximab or adalimumab may be preferred first‐line agents, and ustekinumab a preferred second‐line agent, for induction of remission in patients with moderate‐severe CD. Head‐to‐head trials are warranted.
Laparoscopic repair of a large perineal hernia after laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection: A case report
Authors: Kakiuchi Daiki , Saito Kenichiro , Mitsui Takeshi , Munemoto Yoshinori , Takashima Yoshihiro , Amaya Susumu , Shimada Masanari , Kato Yosuke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA 75‐year‐old woman underwent laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection. Four months after abdominoperineal resection, the patient complained of a perineal bulge and urination disorder. Abdominal CT showed protrusion of the small intestine and bladder to the perineum. The patient underwent laparoscopic hernia repair with mesh. The size of the hernial orifice was 7.0 × 9.0 cm, and it had no solid rim. The mesh was tacked ventrally to the pectineal ligament and dorsally to the sacrum, and then sutured on the lateral side. The hernia has not recurred 10 months after the operation. Laparoscopic repair is a good treatment choice for secondary perineal hernia and fixing the mesh to the pectineal ligament, and the sacrum prevents the mesh from sagging.
Coadministration of probenecid and cimetidine with mirogabalin in healthy subjects: A phase 1, randomized, open‐label, drug–drug interaction study
Authors: Tachibana Masaya , Yamamura Naotoshi , Atiee George J. , Hsu Ching , Warren Vance , He Ling , Dishy Victor , Zahir Hamim 
Published: June 2018

AimsThe primary aim of this study was to assess the individual effects of probenecid and cimetidine on mirogabalin exposure.MethodsThis phase 1, open‐label, crossover study randomized healthy adults to receive three treatment regimens, each separated by ≥5‐day washout: a single oral dose of mirogabalin 15 mg on day 2, mirogabalin 15 mg on day 2 plus probenecid 500 mg every 6 h from days 1 to 4, and mirogabalin 15 mg on day 2 plus cimetidine 400 mg every 6 h from days 1 to 4.ResultsCoadministration of mirogabalin with probenecid or cimetidine increased the maximum and total mirogabalin exposure. The geometric mean ratios of Cmax and AUC(0‐t) (90% CI) with and without coadministration of probenecid were 128.7% (121.9–135.7%) and 176.1% (171.9–180.3%), respectively. The geometric mean ratios of Cmax and AUC(0‐t) (90% CI) with and without coadministration of cimetidine were 117.1% (111.0–123.6%) and 143.7% (140.3–147.2%), respectively. Mean (standard deviation) renal clearance of mirogabalin (l h–1) was substantially slower after probenecid [6.67 (1.53)] or cimetidine [7.17 (1.68)] coadministration, compared with mirogabalin alone [11.3 (2.39)]. Coadministration of probenecid or cimetidine decreased mirogabalin mean (standard deviation) apparent total body clearance [10.5 (2.33) and 12.8 (2.67) l h–1, respectively, vs. 18.4 (3.93) for mirogabalin alone].ConclusionsA greater magnitude of change in mirogabalin exposure was observed when coadministered with a drug that inhibits both renal and metabolic clearance (probenecid) vs. a drug that only affects renal clearance (cimetidine). However, as the increase in exposure is not clinically significant (>2‐fold), no a priori dose adjustment is recommended.
Comprehensive comparison of monotherapies for psychiatric hospitalization risk in bipolar disorders
Authors: Nestsiarovich Anastasiya , Mazurie Aurélien J , Hurwitz Nathaniel G , Kerner Berit , Nelson Stuart J , Crisanti Annette S , Tohen Mauricio , Krall Ronald L , Perkins Douglas J , Lambert Christophe G 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesThis study compared 29 drugs for risk of psychiatric hospitalization in bipolar disorders, addressing the evidence gap on the >50 drugs used by US patients for treatment.MethodsThe Truven Health Analytics MarketScan® database was used to identify 190 894 individuals with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder who filled a prescription for one of 29 drugs of interest: lithium, first‐ or second‐generation antipsychotics, mood‐stabilizing anticonvulsants, and antidepressants. Competing risks regression survival analysis was used to compare drugs for risk of psychiatric hospitalization, adjusting for patient age, sex, comorbidities, and pretreatment medications. Other competing risks were ending monotherapy and non‐psychiatric hospitalization.ResultsThree drugs were associated with significantly lower risk of psychiatric hospitalization than lithium: valproate (relative risk [RR] = 0.80, P = 3.20 × 10−4), aripiprazole (RR = 0.80, P = 3.50 × 10−4), and bupropion (RR = 0.80, P = 2.80 × 10−4). Eight drugs were associated with significantly higher risk of psychiatric hospitalization: haloperidol (RR = 1.57, P = 9.40 × 10−4), clozapine (RR = 1.52, P = .017), fluoxetine (RR = 1.17, P = 3.70 × 10−3), sertraline (RR = 1.17, P = 3.20 × 10−3), citalopram (RR = 1.14, P = .013), duloxetine (RR = 1.24, P = 5.10 × 10−4), venlafaxine (RR = 1.33; P = 1.00 × 10−6), and ziprasidone (RR = 1.25; P = 6.20 × 10−3).ConclusionsThis largest reported retrospective observational study on bipolar disorders pharmacotherapy to date demonstrates that the majority of patients end monotherapy within 2 months after treatment start. The risk of psychiatric hospitalization varied almost two‐fold across individual medications. The data add to the evidence favoring lithium and mood stabilizer use in short‐term bipolar disorder management. The findings that the dopaminergic drugs aripiprazole and bupropion had better outcomes than other members of their respective classes and that antidepressant outcomes may vary by baseline mood polarity merit further investigation.
Conscientious objection and compromising the patient: Response to Hughes
Authors: Savulescu Julian , Schuklenk Udo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHughes offers a consequentialist response to our rejection of accommodation of conscientious objection in medicine. We argue here that his compromise proposition has been tried in many jurisdictions and has failed to deliver unimpeded access to care for eligible patients. The compromise position, entailing an accommodation of conscientious objection provided there is unimpeded access, fails to grasp that the objectors are both determined not to provide services they object to as well as to subvert patient access to the objected to services. Unpredictable future developments in drug R&D and resulting treatment and prevention options in medicine make the compromise position unrealistic.
Animal models of allergen‐specific immunotherapy in food allergy: Overview and opportunities
Authors: Larsen Jeppe Madura , Bøgh Katrine Lindholm 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFood allergy is an adverse reaction to otherwise harmless proteins in food. The disease is a major health problem of growing concern, affecting approximately 5%‐8% of young children and 2%‐4% of adults. No accepted strategy exists for prevention and treatment of food allergy, and strict avoidance of the offending food is presently the only viable management option. Living with food avoidance may have a huge impact on the quality of life of food allergic patients, with daily fear of serious or even fatal reactions. The urgent need for safe and efficient food allergy treatment options has led to massive research efforts to develop and improve strategies for food allergy immunotherapeutic approaches. A first step in developing new and improved strategies of immunotherapy often involves the use of animal models. In present review, we provide an overview of animal studies of allergen‐specific immunotherapy highlighting opportunities and challenges for each approach. The presented models, almost exclusively performed in mice, assess therapeutic efficacy and immunological outcomes following oral, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, epicutaneous, and sublingual administration of native allergens, or preparations of hydrolyzed allergen, T‐cell‐directed peptides, or allergen with immunomodulatory adjuvants. Recently, approaches using immune cell therapy have demonstrated efficacy. Current models mainly assess anaphylaxis as the primary clinical outcome. With the increased appreciation that food allergy is a heterogeneous disease presenting different phenotypes, there is a continued need to develop new disease‐relevant therapeutic models of food allergy.
Genetic contribution of suppressor of cytokine signalling polymorphisms to the susceptibility to infection after traumatic injury
Authors: Zhang A , Gu W , Lu H , Zeng L , Zhang L , Du D , Hao J , Wen D , Wang X , Jiang J 
Published: June 2018

SummarySuppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins are crucial negative regulators in many signalling pathways and are implicated in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study was to uncover possible associations of common polymorphisms within SOCS genes with infectious outcomes after traumatic injury. A total of 1087 trauma patients (Chongqing cohort 806 and Yunnan cohort 281) were recruited and followed-up for the development of infectious outcomes, such as sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Twelve selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were screened by pyrosequencing to determine their genotypes and associations with infectious complications. Among the 12 selected SNPs, only the cytokine-inducible Src homology (SH2) domain protein (CISH) promoter rs414171 polymorphism was found consistently to be associated statistically with the incidence of sepsis and MOD score in the two cohorts, despite analysing the SNPs independently or in combination. Further, patients with a T allele had significantly lower CISH expression and lower production of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but higher production of interleukin (IL)-10. Luciferase assay confirmed that the A→T variant in the rs414171 polymorphism inhibited the transcriptional activities of the CISH gene significantly. The CISH rs414171 polymorphism is associated significantly with susceptibility to sepsis and MODS in traumatic patients, which might prove to be a novel biomarker for indicating risk of infectious outcomes in critically injured patients.
Masticatory efficiency of implant‐supported removable partial dental prostheses in patients with free fibula flap reconstructed mandibles: A split‐mouth, observational study
Authors: Kumar Vinay V. , Srinivasan Murali 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this split‐mouth study was to evaluate the masticatory efficiency in patients with segmentally reconstructed mandibles using free fibula flaps, with and without stabilizing osteosynthesis material in‐situ during implant placement for rehabilitation with implant‐supported removable partial dental prostheses (ISRPDPs).MethodsTen participants (n = 10; ♀ = 2, ♂ = 8; mean age = 38.1 years) consented to participate in this study. The participants’ normal side (Side N) of the mandible served as the control side, for comparing the masticatory efficiency of the segmentally reconstructed and rehabilitated side (Side R). Masticatory efficiency was evaluated using the two‐colored chewing gum test, measured as subjective assessment (SA) and electronically evaluated variance of hue (VOH). Data were checked for normal distribution and statistically analyzed with the level of significance set to p < 0.05.ResultsThirty‐four tissue‐level implants were placed in reconstructed mandibles of 10 participants. There was no significant difference observed in the masticatory efficiencies between Side N and Side R, in both subjective and electronic assessments. No implant loss was observed after a post‐rehabilitated mean follow‐up period of 42.7 months, revealing an implant survival rate of 100%.ConclusionsIn patients with surgically reconstructed mandibles, a normal masticatory function can be successfully achieved with a rehabilitation of the reconstructed side with implant‐supported removable partial dental prostheses. Implant‐supported prostheses should be actively advocated in patients with reconstructive surgeries to restore their masticatory function, extend their food choices, and improve their overall oral health‐related quality of life.
A qualitative study of the development of a multidisciplinary case conference review methodology to reduce involved margins in pelvic exenteration surgery for recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: van Ramshorst G. H. , O'Shannassy S. , Brown W. E. , Kench J. G. , Solomon M. J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimPelvic exenteration surgery remains the only curative option for recurrent rectal cancer. Microscopically involved surgical margins (R1) are associated with a higher risk of local recurrence and decreased survival. Our study aimed to develop a post hoc multidisciplinary case conference review and investigate its potential for identifying areas for improvement.MethodPatients who underwent pelvic exenteration surgery for recurrent rectal cancer with R1 resections at a tertiary referral centre between April 2014 and January 2016 were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Patients with non‐rectal cancers or who underwent palliative surgery were excluded. Cases, imaging and histopathology were evaluated by a dedicated panel including colorectal surgeons, an abdominal radiologist and a gastrointestinal pathologist.ResultsR1 resections were reported in 32 of 110 pelvic exenterations. Patients with other tumours were excluded and one patient had a palliative resection. Nine male patients with 11 exenterations were included with a median age of 56 years. All patients had positive soft tissue margins, and one patient also had an involved bony margin. Failures were due to (interdisciplinary) communication problems, specific management of tumour biology (multifocality, spiculated tumours), which can lead to radiological undercalling, and inadequate surgical technical planning. In hindsight, surgery would have been withheld from one patient.ConclusionA retrospective multidisciplinary case evaluation of pelvic exenteration patients with involved surgical margins led to a list of recommendations which included the need to plan for wider surgical soft tissue resections and improvement in interdisciplinary communication. Lessons learned may increase clear margin rates in future resections.
Giant panda distributional and habitat‐use shifts in a changing landscape
Authors: Wei Wei , Swaisgood Ronald R. , Dai Qiang , Yang Zhisong , Yuan Shibin , Owen Megan A. , Pilfold Nicholas W. , Yang Xuyu , Gu Xiaodong , Zhou Hong , Han Han , Zhang Jindong , Hong Mingsheng , Zhang Zejun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLong‐term data on populations, threats, and habitat‐use changes are fundamentally important for conservation policy and management decisions affecting species, but these data are often in short supply. Here, we analyze survey data from 57,087 plots collected in approximately three‐fourths of the giant panda's (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) distributional range during China's national surveys conducted in 1999–2003 and 2011–2014. Pandas associated preferentially with several ecological factors and avoided areas impacted by human activities, such as roads, livestock, mining, and tourism. Promise is shown by dramatic declines in logging rates, but is counterbalanced with recently emerging threats. Pandas have increasingly utilized secondary forest as these forests recovered under protective measures. Pandas have undergone a distributional shift to higher elevations, despite the elevational stability of their bamboo food source, perhaps in response to a similar upward shift in the distribution of livestock. Our findings showcase robust on‐the‐ground data from one of the largest‐scale survey efforts worldwide for an endangered species and highlight how science and policy have contributed to this remarkable success story, and help frame future management strategies.
Epidemiology, risk factors, and impact of bacterial infections on outcomes for pancreatic grafts
Authors: Bodro Marta , Ferrer Joana , Ricart María José , Sanclemente Gemma , Linares Laura , Cervera Carlos , Cofan Frederic , Ventura‐Aguiar Pedro , Lopez‐Boado Miguel Ángel , Marco Francesc , Fuster Josep , García‐Valdecasas Juan Carlos , Moreno Asunción 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe aimed to determine the epidemiology, risk factors, and impact of bacterial infection on pancreatic function after pancreas transplantation. Data for pancreas transplant recipients were retrospectively reviewed between 2000 and 2014 for at least 1 year. We collected and analyzed post‐transplant data for bacterial infection, morbidity, and mortality. During the study period, 312 pancreas transplants were performed. In total, 509 episodes of bacterial infection were diagnosed in 191 patients (61%). Multidrug‐resistant (MDR) organisms were present in 173 of the 513 isolated microorganisms (33%). Risk factors independently associated with bacterial infection were acute allograft rejection (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.1‐3), the need for post‐transplant hemodialysis, (OR 5.3, 95%CI 1.8‐15.7) and surgical re‐intervention (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.5‐5.1), which was also considered a risk factor for infections caused by MDR bacteria. Graft survival was associated with the occurrence of one or more episodes of bacterial infection (log‐rank test = 0.009). Surgical re‐intervention was independently associated with graft loss (OR 2.5, 95%CI 1.3‐4.7). To conclude, pancreas recipients frequently experienced bacterial infections associated with the need for hemodialysis or surgical re‐intervention. Infection by MDR organisms is a growing concern in these patients and was related to graft survival. Graft loss was independently associated with surgical re‐intervention.
Diagnostic accuracy of immunohistochemical markers in differentiation between basal cell carcinoma and trichoepithelioma in small biopsy specimens
Authors: Mostafa Naglaa A. , Assaf Magda , Elhakim Sami , Abdel‐Halim Mona R. E. , El‐Nabarawy Eman , Gharib Khaled 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe distinction of trichoepithelioma from basal cell carcinoma in small superficial biopsies is important but often challenging. This has inspired many scientists to test the validity of immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosis.ObjectivesTo develop an immunohistochemical protocol that helps in differentiation between both trichoepithelioma (TE) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with higher sensitivity and specificity.MethodsUsing standard immunohistochemical techniques, we examined 10 TEs and 19 BCCs for the expression of CK19, Ki‐67, androgen receptors (AR), CD10, and PHLDA1.ResultsImmunoreactivity of AR, Ki‐67, and CD10 in tumor cells was significantly higher in BCC than TE with a diagnostic accuracy in BCC of 75.5%, 75.8%, and 79.3% respectively, whereas immunoreactivity of PHLDA1 in tumor cells and stromal CD10 was significantly higher in TE than BCC with a diagnostic accuracy in TE of 100% and 82.8%, respectively. In contrast, immunoreactivity for CK19 showed no statistically significant differences between both tumors.ConclusionThe analysis of CD10, Ki‐67, and PHLDA1 can be used as a helpful immunohistochemical panel in the distinction between TE and BCC especially in small and superficial biopsies.