bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the stratospheric chemistry–climate interactions in the hot climate conditions of the Eocene
Authors: Szopa Sophie , Thiéblemont Rémi , Bekki Slimane , Botsyun Svetlana , Sepulchre Pierre 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The stratospheric ozone layer plays a key role in atmospheric thermal
structure and circulation. Although stratospheric ozone distribution is
sensitive to changes in trace gases concentrations and climate, the
modifications of stratospheric ozone are not usually considered in climate
studies at geological timescales. Here, we evaluate the potential role of
stratospheric ozone chemistry in the case of the Eocene hot conditions.
Using a chemistry–climate model, we show that the structure of the ozone
layer is significantly different under these conditions (4×CO2 climate
and high concentrations of tropospheric N2O and CH4). The total
column ozone (TCO) remains more or less unchanged in the tropics whereas it
is found to be enhanced at mid- and high latitudes. These ozone changes are
related to the stratospheric cooling and an acceleration of stratospheric
Brewer–Dobson circulation simulated under Eocene climate. As a consequence,
the meridional distribution of the TCO appears to be modified, showing
particularly pronounced midlatitude maxima and a steeper negative poleward
gradient from these maxima. These anomalies are consistent with changes in
the seasonal evolution of the polar vortex during winter, especially in the
Northern Hemisphere, found to be mainly driven by seasonal changes in
planetary wave activity and stratospheric wave-drag. Compared to a
preindustrial atmospheric composition, the changes in local ozone
concentration reach up to 40 % for zonal annual mean and affect
temperature by a few kelvins in the middle stratosphere. As inter-model differences in simulating deep-past temperatures are
quite high, the consideration of atmospheric chemistry, which is
computationally demanding in Earth system models, may seem superfluous.
However, our results suggest that using stratospheric ozone calculated by
the model (and hence more physically consistent with Eocene conditions)
instead of the commonly specified preindustrial ozone distribution could
change the simulated global surface air temperature by as much as 14 %. This
error is of the same order as the effect of non-CO2 boundary conditions
(topography, bathymetry, solar constant and vegetation). Moreover, the
results highlight the sensitivity of stratospheric ozone to hot climate
conditions. Since the climate sensitivity to stratospheric ozone feedback
largely differs between models, it must be better constrained not only for
deep-past conditions but also for future climates.
The Hype of Big Data Analytics and Auditors
Authors: Joshi Prem Lal , Marthandan Govindan 
Published: July 2019

In the era of fast-tracking digitization and unconventional big data analytics, business models are being reshaped and they impact auditing amongst auditors. This viewpoint paper takes into account the procedures underlying on big data and its analytics in driving the evolution of business and identifies some of the unresolved issues and concerns on auditors, especially in the context of cognitive tasks. The paper continues to focus on the current spate of discussions on big data and auditing profession. It explains the nature of big data and its characteristics as well as the output types. This paper also tries to find answers for what is new in it, how it assists the auditors along with some unresolved issues and concerns. Since big data analytics is the future, auditors need to reshape themselves in terms of skills and competencies to meet the emerging technological challenges.
La (re)construcción de la identidad profesional de las profesoras de EF: de la complicidad y la reproducción de las relaciones de género a la disposición al cambio educativo
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Nuria , Martos-García Daniel , Soler i Prat Susanna 
Published: July 2019

Mediante la entrevista semiestructurada a tres profesoras de Educación Física participantes en un estudio etnográfico, los resultados refuerzan la relación entre la historia deportiva previa y la socialización profesional con el modelo técnico imperante. Esta identidad del profesorado se refleja en su quehacer cotidiano, en el que, a pesar del discurso crítico hacia la discriminación de género, las acciones pedagógicas que las profesoras desarrollan en el aula, por acción u omisión, implican la reproducción y la complicidad ante las relaciones tradicionales de género. La vivencia de una propuesta con un enfoque crítico y reflexivo, sin embargo, permite a las profesoras quebrar su identidad profesional inicial orientada al modelo técnico y desarrollar un nuevo enfoque más participativo y transformador.
Detentie van asielzoekers: een kwestie van gevoel?
Authors: van der Spek Wouter , Böcker Anita 
Published: July 2019

Detention of asylum seekers: a matter of feeling?
This paper analyses how street-level bureaucrats in the Netherlands decide on detaining asylum seekers. The paper is based on interviews with officers of the national police and the military police who take these decisions as part of their job. The relevant Dutch and European legal rules are not clear and unambiguous and the officers are given wide margins of discretion in making these decisions. Many interviewees said that they ultimately rely on their ‘feelings’. The paper therefore pays special attention to whether and how gut feelings and emotions of the officers influence their decision-making. In addition, the paper examines whether and how the increased use of ICTs and the Europeanisation of migration and asylum law have reduced the officers’ discretion and autonomy.
Vertrouwen in het notariële tuchtrecht
Authors: van den Bos Kees , Biemans Jan , Bauw Eddy 
Published: July 2019

Vertrouwen in het notariële tuchtrecht: Ervaren procedurele rechtvaardigheid onder het notariaat
This quantitative empirical research project describes how notaries evaluate disciplinary jurisdiction. Findings show that perceived procedural justice matters for notaries’ trust in the disciplinary jurisdiction of their cases. For example, those respondents who had been involved in a disciplinary case themselves, rated the disciplinary judge with a 5.3 on a 10-point scale when procedural justice was perceived by them to be relatively low. In contrast, when respondents who had been involved in a disciplinary case perceived procedural justice to be relatively high they rated the disciplinary judge with 7.6 on the same 10-point scale. This suggests that perceived procedural justice matters among an interesting type of professionals (notaries) who are involved in an interesting procedure in their profession (a disciplinary evaluation of their professional handling) in which important decisions are made. The current paper can contribute to the development of a barometer of notary disciplinary law.
De beslispraktijk van het Schadefonds Geweldsmisdrijven: een kwalitatieve studie naar de beoordeling van verzoeken tot tegemoetkoming
Authors: Huibers Mara , Kunst Maarten , van Wingerden Sigrid 
Published: July 2019

The Violent Offences Compensation Fund’s decision-making practice: A qualitative study into the evaluation of requests for compensation
Victims who suffer severe damages due to the act of a violent crime can request state compensation from the Dutch Violent Offences Compensation Fund (VOCF). VOCF workers who decide on these requests use their discretionary powers to translate the VOCF’s rules and policy into concrete actions. This study investigated (1) to what extent these VOCF workers match Lipsky’s definition of street-level bureaucrats and (2) what routines and heuristics they use to deal with time and information constraints. On the basis of document analysis and interviews, we found that the decision makers of the VOCF can to a certain extent be seen as street-level bureaucrats. To make decisions timely, some of them use routines such as the ‘downstream orientation’. This means that they award requests for compensation if they think that the applicant would be able to successfully contest a rejecting decision. To deal with a lack of information, they sometimes include a review clause in the text of a rejection decision. The use of heuristics was not found among the lawyers who decide in first instance, but in case of appeal hearings heuristics such as the affect and representativeness heuristic seem to play a role in the decision-making process. Future research should investigate whether these routines and heuristics lead to disparities in outcomes.
Law in action in strafzaken
Authors: Ansems Lisa 
Published: July 2019

Law in action in criminal cases
This PhD project uses a mixed method design to study perceived procedural justice among defendants in Dutch single-judge criminal cases. To find out whether defendants are concerned with perceived procedural justice and to get a better grasp on the concept, the first empirical project reviewed here is an interview study among defendants conducted in 2017. In this study, defendants were interviewed after their court hearings about perceived procedural justice during their court hearings. The second empirical project, which started in January 2019, zooms in on experiences of defendants with a non-western migration background. Using a questionnaire, I examine whether and how perceived everyday discrimination affects defendants’ perceptions of and reactions to procedural justice during their court hearings. I am currently designing a third empirical study, which entails a scenario experiment among people with a non-western migration background. I plan to manipulate the level of perceived procedural justice during a hypothetical court hearing to examine its influence on, for instance, people’s trust in judges, and again assess whether people’s reactions to perceived procedural justice differ depending on their levels of perceived everyday discrimination. At the end of my dissertation, I plan to connect the empirical findings to the legal domain by assessing possible normative implications.
Reflexões sobre o processo de licenciamento ambiental em empreendimentos no Estado de Sergipe
Authors: Gomes Júnior Cecílio Sergio Vieira , Silva Carlos Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

A Lei 6.938/81 foi criada para ser um mecanismo de controle ambiental comum dos entes federativos e que rege a política ambiental do país. O licenciamento ambiental é um dos mecanismos mais importantes, pois é através dele que o Poder Público estabelece condições e limites ao exercício de determinada atividade econômica para que seja minimizada a degradação ambiental. Este trabalho teve como objetivo discutir teoricamente o processo do licenciamento ambiental em empreendimentos no estado de Sergipe pautado na legislação estadual.
Changes in Microbial Population Numbers during Composting of Some Organic Wastes in Greenhouse
Authors: Chinakwe E. C. , Nwogwugwu U. N. , Ibekwe V. I. , Nwachukwu I. N. , Ihejirika C. E. , Ofoegbu C. J. , Chinakwe P. O. , Mejeha O. K. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study identified and enumerated microorganisms associated with the composting of some organic wastes using the plate count method
Study Design: The wastes were allowed to decompose for 70 days in greenhouse using the modified windrow method of composting. Standard methods were employed to monitor temperature changes in compost piles as well as changes in bacterial and fungal populations.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at in the Agricultural Research Centre of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
Methodology: The organic wastes namely Poultry Litter (PL), Pig waste (PW), Cow dung (CD) and Source-Separated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) were composted/co-composted using the windrow method as modified .Sixty kilograms (60) each of PW, PL, CD and MSW were introduced respectively into 100-litre(L) buckets that had previously been perforated at several points. In the co-composted piles, 30 kg of both samples were introduced into the same 100 L bucket that had previously been perforated and then mixed thoroughly. The organic wastes were allowed to decompose at room temperature at a corner of the greenhouse. and initial microbial populations as well as subsequent populations in the compost bins were studied using standard microbiological methods
Results: Microbial populations increased concurrently with temperature during the first 3 – 4 weeks of composting except, however, for faecal coliforms and Salmonella. The highest temperature recorded was 60°C for cow dung (CD) compost pile though at maturity the temperature in all compost piles ranged between 27°C to 30°C. The bacterial colony forming units were higher than fungal colony forming units throughout the composting period for both mesopholic and themophilic microorganisms. The population of mesophilic organisms increased in the first 14 – 15 days; for cow dung, the initial total heterotrophic bacteria count (THBC) and total coliform count (TCC) were 2.4 x107 cfu/g and 5.0 x105 cfu/g respectively and increased to 2.5x108 cfu/g and 1.7x107 cfu/g for THBC and TCC, respectively, after the 14th day. Thermophilic bacteria dominated all the composting systems after the 21st day and lasted to the 35th day except for cow dung compost where thermophilic temperatures were still observed on the 45th day with a THBC of 6.3x106 cfu/g on the 49th day. Faecal coliforms and Salmonella were completely eliminated in all the compost systems after the 28th day with temperature values between 47°C – 60°C.
Conclusion: Organic wastes when managed properly through the application of knowledge of composting can be transformed into beneficial materials for human and agricultural use.
Conflict theory of genomic imprinting in mammals
Authors: Iwasa Yoh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn mammals, some embryonic genes are expressed differently depending on whether they are inherited from the sperm or egg, a phenomenon known as genomic imprinting. The information on the parental origin is transmitted by an epigenetic mark. Both the molecular mechanisms and evolutionary processes of genomic imprinting have been studied extensively. Here, I illustrate the simplest evolutionary dynamics of imprinting evolution based on the “conflict theory,” by considering the evolution of a gene encoding an embryonic growth factor controlling the maternal resource supply. It demonstrates that (a) the autosomal genes controlling placenta development to modify maternal resource acquisition may evolve a strong asymmetry of gene expression, provided the mother has some chance of accepting multiple males. (b) The genomic imprinting may not evolve if there is a small fraction of recessive deleterious mutations on the gene. (c) The growth‐enhancing genes should evolve to paternally expressed, while the growth‐suppressing genes should evolve to maternally expressed. (d) The X‐linked genes also evolve genomic imprinting, but the main evolutionary force is the sex difference in the optimal embryonic size. I discuss other aberrations that can be explained by the modified versions of the basic model.
The Application of the Rare Earths to Magnesium and Titanium Metallurgy in Australia
Authors: Biesiekierski Arne , Li Yuncang , Wen Cuie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) have found application in metallurgical processes for nearly a century due to their unique chemical and physical properties but have gained increased attention in recent decades. Notably, the use of these elements may assist in the development of advanced magnesium and titanium products for applications spanning biomedicine, aerospace, and the automotive industry. To this end, current progress in this area, highlighting work done in Australian research organizations with particular academic expertise, is reviewed. Two areas that require further research are identified: the application of Sc and the heavy lanthanides to the development of novel magnesium alloys and the use of REEs as additives in the development of additive manufacturing of titanium parts.
Fractal‐Theory‐Based Control of the Shape and Quality of CVD‐Grown 2D Materials
Authors: Li Junzhu , Chen Mingguang , Zhang Chenhui , Dong Haocong , Lin Weiyi , Zhuang Pingping , Wen Yan , Tian Bo , Cai Weiwei , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe precise control of the shape and quality of 2D materials during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes remains a challenging task, due to a lack of understanding of their underlying growth mechanisms. The existence of a fractal‐growth‐based mechanism in the CVD synthesis of several 2D materials is revealed, to which a modified traditional fractal theory is applied in order to build a 2D diffusion‐limited aggregation (2D‐DLA) model based on an atomic‐scale growth mechanism. The strength of this model is validated by the perfect correlation between theoretically simulated data, predicted by 2D‐DLA, and experimental results obtained from the CVD synthesis of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides. By applying the 2D‐DLA model, it is also discovered that the single‐domain net growth rate (SD‐NGR) plays a crucial factor in governing the shape and quality of 2D‐material crystals. By carefully tuning SD‐NGR, various fractal‐morphology high‐quality single‐crystal 2D materials are synthesized, achieving, for the first time, the precise control of 2D‐material CVD growth. This work lays the theoretical foundation for the precise adjustment of the morphologies and physical properties of 2D materials, which is essential to the use of fractal‐shaped nanomaterials for the fabrication of new‐generation neural‐network nanodevices.
Bioinspired 2D Nanomaterials for Sustainable Applications
Authors: Zhang Yuanwen , Mei Jun , Yan Cheng , Liao Ting , Bell John , Sun Ziqi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe increasing demand for constructing ecological civilization and promoting socially sustainable development has encouraged scientists to develop bioinspired materials with required properties and functions. By bringing science and nature together, plenty of novel materials with extraordinary properties can be created by learning the best from natural species. In combination with the exceptional features of 2D nanomaterials, bioinspired 2D nanomaterials and technologies have delivered significant achievements. Here, the progress over the past decade in bioinspired 2D photonic structures, energy nanomaterials, and superwetting materials, is summarized, together with the challenges and opportunities in developing bioinspired materials for sustainable energy and environmental technologies.
Synthesis and Catalytic Applications of [N,N]‐Pyrrole Ligands for the Regioselective Synthesis of Styrene Derivatives
Authors: Hochberger‐Roa Frank , Cortés‐Mendoza Salvador , Gallardo‐Rosas David , Toscano Ruben A. , Ortega‐Alfaro M. Carmen , López‐Cortés José G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report the synthesis of two [N,N]‐donor ligands (5 a–b) containing a 2‐chalcogenazoline as the structural motif. These compounds were synthesized from a common intermediate Fischer type aminocarbene complex (3). The palladium‐complexes of these [N,N]‐donor ligands were successfully used as catalytic precursors in the Mizoroki‐Heck coupling reaction between aryl halides and methyl acrylate, styrene and ethylene. For methyl acrylates, high yields with TOF values between 0.6 and 5.5×105 h−1 were obtained. In the case of ethylene, we reached high regioselectivities to obtain a diversity of styrene derivatives under soft pressure conditions, with good values of TON and TOF.magnified image
Stereoselective Oxa‐Michael Addition of Tyrosine to Propargyl Aldehyde/Esters: Formation of Benzofurans and Flavones
Authors: Vasconcelos Stanley N. S. , de Oliveira Isadora Maria , Shamim Anwar , Zukerman‐Schpector Julio , Pimenta Daniel C. , Stefani Hélio A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe steroselective oxa‐Michael addition of the phenol moiety present in tyrosine and 3‐iodotyrosine to different propargyl aldehydes delivered products with predominantly Z stereochemistry, as evidenced by X‐ray crystallography analysis. When ethyl propiolate was used as the propargyl ester source, the products were achieved with exclusively E stereochemistry with yields ranging from 17% to 91%. The oxa‐Michael addition compounds served as substrates in the synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐membered heterocyclic compounds. The atmosphere applied to the reaction medium directly influenced the formation of the products. When an inert atmosphere of nitrogen was applied, a 2‐aryl‐3‐formyl‐5‐alanylbenzofuran core was selectively obtained via a Heck intramolecular reaction, while the reactions carried out under a carbon monoxide atmosphere led exclusively to 6‐alanyl‐2‐arylflavone derivatives via reductive intramolecular acylation.magnified image
Site‐Specific S‐Allylation of α‐Enolic Dithioesters with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Acetates at Room Temperature: Precursor for Thiopyrans
Authors: Soni Sonam , Koley Suvajit , Ansari Monish A. , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot allylic alkylation of α‐enolic dithioesters (DTEs) with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman (MBH) acetates has been devised in ethanol at room temperature. The reaction being site‐selective provided S‐allylated product exclusively with trace amount of C‐allylated one. Remarkably, some of the S‐allylated product undergoes [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement to C‐allylated one under ethanol reflux. The typical feature of this protocol is the isolation of S‐allylated α‐oxoketene dithioacetals, a trisubstituted olefin, which have been further exploited toward the synthesis of thiopyrans.magnified image
Charge Transfer Modulated Activity of Carbon‐Based Electrocatalysts
Authors: Tao Li , Wang Yuqing , Zou Yuqin , Zhang Nana , Zhang Yiqiong , Wu Yujie , Wang Yanyong , Chen Ru , Wang Shuangyin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectrocatalysis is the most important electrode reactions for many energy storage and conversion devices, which are considered a key part of the resolution of the energy crisis. Toward this end, design of efficient electrocatalysts is of critical significance. While extensive research has been extended to develop excellent electrocatalysts, the fundamental understanding of the relationship between the electronic and structural properties of electrocatalysts and the catalytic activity must remain a priority. In this review, the activity modulation of electrocatalysts by charge transfer effects, including intramolecular and intermolecular charge transfer, is systematically introduced. With suitable charge transfer modification, such as heteroatom doping, defect engineering, molecule functionalization, and heterojunctions, the electrocatalytic activity of carbon‐based electrocatalysts can be significantly boosted. The manipulation of the electronic structure of carbon‐based materials by charge transfer may serve as a fundamental mechanism for performance enhancement. After establishing an understanding of the relationship between catalytic activity and charge transfer, the opportunities and challenges for the design of electrocatalyst with charge transfer effects are discussed.