bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma‐immersion ion implantation: A path to lower the annealing temperature of implanted boron emitters and simplify PERT solar cell processing
Authors: Lanterne Adeline , Desrues Thibaut , Lorfeuvre Coralie , Coig Marianne , Torregrosa Frank , Milési Frédéric , Roux Laurent , Dubois Sébastien 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIon implantation is a suitable and promising solution for the massive industrialization of boron doping, which is a crucial process step for most next‐generation solar cells based on crystalline silicon (c‐Si). However, the use of ion implantation for boron doping is limited by the high temperature (in the 1050°C range) of the subsequent activation anneal, which is essential to dissolve the boron clusters and reach a high‐emitter quality. In this work, we propose the use of plasma‐immersion ion implantation (PIII) from B2H6 gas precursor instead of the standard beamline ion implantation (BLII) technique to decrease this temperature down to 950°C. PIII and BLII boron emitters were compared with annealing temperatures ranging from 950°C to 1050°C. Contrary to BLII, no degradation of the emitter quality was observed with PIII implants annealed at 950°C along with a full activation of the dopants in the emitter. At 1000°C, emitter saturation current densities (J0e) below 21 fA/cm2 were obtained using the PIII technique regardless of the tested implantation doses for sheet resistances between 110 and 160 Ω/sq. After metallization steps, the metal/emitter contact resistances were assessed, indicating that these emitters were compatible with a conventional metallization by screen‐printing/firing. The PIII boron emitters' performances were further tested with their integration in n‐type passivated emitter rear totally diffused (PERT) solar cells fully doped by PIII. Promising results already show a conversion efficiency of 20.8% using a lower annealing temperature than with BLII and a reduced production cost.
Significant enhancement of catalytic properties in mononuclear yttrium complexes by nitrophenolate‐type ligands: Synthesis, structure, and catalysis for lactide polymerization
Authors: Su Yu‐Chia , Chiu Ting‐Yu , Liu Yun‐Ting , Lin Po‐Heng , Ko Bao‐Tsan 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe syntheses, structures, and catalytic properties for lactones polymerization of eight novel yttrium complexes containing an amine‐bis(benzotriazole phenolate) (
C1NNBiBTP) ligand are reported. A series of nitrophenolate (NP)‐type of ligands possessing R substituents with variable electronic properties (R = NO2, Cl, H, CH3) on ortho and/or para position attached to the phenolate rings have been selected and further reacted with
C1NNBiBTP‐H2 proligand and YCl3·6H2O. Two series of complexes, [Y(
C1NNBiBTP)(TNP)(MeOH)2] (3), [Y(
C1NNBiBTP)(2,4‐DNP)(MeOH)2] (4) and [Y(
C1NNBiBTP)(2,5‐DNP)(MeOH)2] (5) with two MeOH molecules as initiators as well as [Y(
C1NNBiBTP‐H)(CNP)2] (6), [Y(
C1NNBiBTP‐H)(2‐NP)2] (7) and [Y(
C1NNBiBTP‐H)(MNP)2] (8) with two NP derivatives, were synthesized. Their ring‐opening polymerizations of L‐lactide (L‐LA) were investigated for all complexes in order to further understand the correlations between the inductive effect of substitutions and catalytic properties. Particularly, the activity and controllability of yttrium complexes 3 and 5 were improved dramatically comparing with the literature complex with the similar coordination environment, [Y(
C1NNBiBTP)(NO3)(MeOH)2], which can be a successful example to enhance the catalytic properties by exchanging coordinate molecules. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2038–2047
Synthesis of an amphiphilic spiro‐multiblock copolymer via thiol‐ene click chemistry
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Su , Mohanty Aruna Kumar , Ahn Junyoung , Bang Meehee , Lee Hong Chan , Joo Sang‐Woo , Jeon Heung Bae , Chang Taihyun , Paik Hyun‐jong 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTA multiblock [poly(ethylene oxide)‐b‐spiro‐polystyrene] ([(PEO‐b‐spiro‐PS)]) copolymer with a topologically novel architecture was synthesized using thiol‐ene step‐growth polymerization reaction. Spiro‐PS with dimercapto groups as the hard segment was synthesized in three main steps: (a) preparation of tetra‐arm PS by atom transfer radical polymerization and the conversion of the chain‐end group to azide functionality, (b) alkyne‐azide click coupling reaction to synthesize a tricyclic PS, and (c) tactical ring opening of the tricyclic PS through disulfide/thiol redox reaction. The PEO soft segment was obtained as chain‐ends modified with norbornene groups. Finally, the hydrothiolation of the highly reactive norbornene chain‐ends of polyethylene glycol with the dimercapto groups of spiro‐PS produced the multiblock ([(PEO‐b‐spiro‐PS)]) copolymer in quantitative yield. The multiblock copolymer was characterized using size‐exclusion chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020, 58, 132–138
Oncology phase II proof‐of‐concept studies with multiple targets: Randomized controlled trial or single arm?
Authors: Jemielita Thomas , Tse Archie , Chen Cong 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYFor oncology drug development, phase II proof‐of‐concept studies have played a key role in determining whether or not to advance to a confirmatory phase III trial. With the increasing number of immunotherapies, efficient design strategies are crucial in moving successful drugs quickly to market. Our research examines drug development decision making under the framework of maximizing resource investment, characterized by benefit cost ratios (BCRs). In general, benefit represents the likelihood that a drug is successful, and cost is characterized by the risk adjusted total sample size of the phases II and III studies. Phase III studies often include a futility interim analysis; this sequential component can also be incorporated into BCRs. Under this framework, multiple scenarios can be considered. For example, for a given drug and cancer indication, BCRs can yield insights into whether to use a randomized control trial or a single‐arm study. Importantly, any uncertainty in historical control estimates that are used to benchmark single‐arm studies can be explicitly incorporated into BCRs. More complex scenarios, such as restricted resources or multiple potential cancer indications, can also be examined. Overall, BCR analyses indicate that single‐arm trials are favored for proof‐of‐concept trials when there is low uncertainty in historical control data and smaller phase III sample sizes. Otherwise, especially if the most likely to succeed tumor indication can be identified, randomized controlled trials may be a better option. While the findings are consistent with intuition, we provide a more objective approach.
Total Synthesis of Xyloketals and Related Natural Product Alboatrin: Strategies and Tactics
Authors: Panda Biswajit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMolecular Architectures: Xyloketals are an interesting class of natural products showing various potent and notable bioactivities like acetylcholine esterase inhibition, antioxidant activity, L‐calcium channel inhibition, radical‐scavenging activity, suppression of glioblastoma cell proliferation, reduction of neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury, etc. A significant number of reports have appeared in the literature regarding the synthesis and biological activity of xyloketals and structurally related natural compound, alboatrin which insist to review thoroughly on this topic. Here the delights and difficulties of all synthetic strategies to concoct these molecules along with the comparative studies of various approaches and wherever necessary, the uniqueness of the synthetic protocols have been discussed thoroughly.
Chloramine‐T Mediated Facile One Pot Synthesis of Pyrazolyltriazolobenzothiazole Hybrids as Potent Anti‐Infective Agents
Authors: Kamal Raj , Kumar Vipan , Kumar Ravinder , Kumar Vikas , Sharma Prabodh C. , Bansal Kushal K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn expedient and facile one pot synthesis of 3‐(3‐aryl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b]‐1,3‐benzothiazole derivatives through in situ oxidative cyclization of corresponding N‐heteroarylhydrazone promoted by environmentally benign chloramines‐T trihydrate at room temperature has been accomplished. Structures of all hybrids were confirmed by their spectral and elemental data. All synthesized pyrazolyltriazolobenzothiazole hybrids were also evaluated for their antibacterial and anthelmintic potential and were found to be moderate to significant anti‐infective agents.
Fe2+‐Doped Layered Double (Ni, Fe) Hydroxides as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting and Self‐Powered Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Meng Xiaoyi , Han Junxing , Lu Liang , Qiu Genrui , Wang Zhong Lin , Sun Chunwen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeveloping nonprecious electrocatalysts with superior activity and durability for electrochemical water splitting is of great interest but challenging due to the large overpotential required above the thermodynamic standard potential of water splitting (1.23 V). Here, in situ growth of Fe2+‐doped layered double (Ni, Fe) hydroxide (NiFe(II,III)‐LDH) on nickel foam with well‐defined hexagonal morphology and high crystallinity by a redox reaction between Fe3+ and nickel foam under hydrothermal conditions is reported. Benefiting from tuning the local atomic structure by self‐doping Fe2+, the NiFe(II,III)‐LDH catalyst with higher amounts of Fe2+ exhibits high activity toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as well as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. Moreover, the optimized NiFe(II,III)‐LDH catalyst for OER (O‐NiFe(II,III)‐LDH) and catalyst for HER (H‐NiFe(II,III)‐LDH) show overpotentials of 140 and 113 mV, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH aqueous electrolyte. Using the catalysts for overall water splitting in two‐electrode configuration, a low overpotential of just 1.54 V is required at a benchmark current density of 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that electrolysis of the water device can be drived by a self‐powered system through integrating a triboelectric nanogenerator and battery, showing a promising way to realize self‐powered electrochemical systems.
A GSH‐Gated DNA Nanodevice for Tumor‐Specific Signal Amplification of microRNA and MR Imaging–Guided Theranostics
Authors: Yan Nan , Lin Lin , Xu Caina , Tian Huayu , Chen Xuesi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDeveloping tumor‐responsive diagnosis and therapy strategies for tumor theranostics is still a challenge owing to their high accuracy and specificity. Herein, an AND logic gated–DNA nanodevice, based on the fluorescence nucleic acid probe and polymer‐modified MnO2 nanosheets, for glutathione (GSH)‐gated miRNA‐21 signal amplification and GSH‐activated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging–guided chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is reported. In the presence of overexpressed miRNA and GSH (tumor cells), the nanodevice can be in situ activated and release significantly amplified fluorescence signals and MR signals. Conversely, the fluorescence signal is quenched and MR signal remains at the background level with low miRNA and GSH (normal cells), efficiently reducing the false‐positive signals by more than 50%. Under the guide of miRNA profiling and MR imaging, the tumor‐responsive hydroxyl radical (·OH) can effectively kill tumor cells. Furthermore, the nanodevice shows catalase‐like activity and glucose oxidase–like activity with the performance of O2 production and glucose consumption. This is the first time to fabricate a tumor‐responsive theranostic DNA nanodevice with tumor‐specific signal amplification of microRNA and GSH‐activated MR imaging for CDT, potential hypoxia relief and starvation therapy, which provides a new insight for designing smart theranostic strategies.
An MDD‐based method for building context‐aware applications with high reusability
Authors: Paspallis Nearchos 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdding context ‐awareness capabilities to modern mobile and pervasive computing applications (apps) is becoming a mainstream activity in the software engineering community. In this respect, many context models and middleware architectures have been proposed with the aim to provide the developers with tools and abstractions that make it easier to produce context‐aware applications. However, current solutions suffer from relatively low reusability and lack ease‐of‐use. In this paper, we propose a two‐layer approach based on model‐driven development: At the higher layer, we introduce the design of reusable context plug‐ins, which can be used to monitor low‐level context data and to infer higher‐level information about the users, their computing infrastructure, and their interaction. At the lower layer, the plug‐ins themselves are synthesized using more elementary, reusable components. We argue that this development approach provides significant advantages to the developers, as it enables them to design, implement, reuse, and maintain the codebase of context‐aware apps more efficiently. To evaluate this approach, we demonstrate it in the context of a two‐part example application and assess it both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Dismantling institutional complexity behind international competitiveness of emerging market firms
Authors: Mihailova Irina , Panibratov Andrey , Latukha Marina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe paper examines the perceived role of emerging market institutions in the creation of firm‐specific advantages of local small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) supporting international expansion and competitiveness. Our objective is to deepen conceptual understanding of the complex link between emerging market institutional factors and an ability of emerging market SMEs to compete internationally. Our empirical evidence from Russian software SMEs operating in global niche markets reveals that managers perceive institutional influence on their firms' ability to compete internationally in a number of direct and indirect means. We find that, in addition to the well acknowledged negative impact of institutions, there are supportive and triggering forces that incentivize SMEs' international expansion and development of competitive advantages. We contribute to the literature by elaborating about the complexity of institutional influence on international competitiveness of emerging market SMEs. This research offers insights for managers about the prospects of international expansion of SMEs from emerging markets.
Faulty phase active power characteristics‐based adaptive single‐phase reclosing schemes for shunt reactors‐compensated wind power outgoing line
Authors: Xie Chao , Li Fengting , Fan Yanfang , Wang Cong , Wang Ting 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes two novel adaptive single‐phase auto‐reclosing (ASPAR) schemes for shunt reactors‐compensated wind power outgoing (WPO) line. After extinction of a fault on a single phase‐tripped WPO line, due to the existence of shunt reactors and distributed capacitors, a free frequency component will emerge in the tripped faulty phase, which will make faulty phase active power calculated with instantaneous power algorithm have a bigger magnitude and more frequency components. According to these characteristics, transient fault identification (TFI) methods based on active power root mean square (RMS) value and twisty beat frequency were put forward. Subsequently, in view of abovementioned TFI methods, ASPAR schemes for a shunt reactors‐compensated WPO line based on faulty phase active power characteristics were established. Simulation experiments, which were conducted using the software PSCAD/EMTDC, verified that the proposed ASPAR schemes can distinguish transient faults from permanent ones rapidly and reliably. The experiments also proved that the proposed adaptive single‐phase reclosing schemes can minimize the influence of changes in fault location and transition resistance and, thus, are suitable for the inconsistent output power of a wind farm and the complex working condition of an outgoing line.
Four decades of diluting phosphorus to maintain lake quality
Authors: Welch Eugene B. , Brattebo Shannon K. , Overland Christopher 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDilution with low‐nutrient Columbia River Water (CRW) has markedly improved Moses Lake quality for 42 years. There were two phases of CRW volume input, which proportionately lowered total phosphorus (TP). Initially, spring–summer inputs averaged 130 × 106 m3 during 1977–1988 reducing average TP from 152 to 65 µg/L in half the lake proximal to the inputs. That input represented 1.5 volumes of that half‐lake volume. Inputs doubled through the mid‐1990s, and nearly 2.5 times since 2000, decreasing TP to a 18‐year average of 24 µg/L. Chlorophyll a (chl) decreased further from 18 µg/L during the early dilution years to about 6 µg/L as TP declined. Cyanobacteria biovolume declined to 57% of total biovolume during 1977–1988 from 98% before dilution. Less (65%) CRW water since 2016 led to higher TP (41 µg/L) and chl (18 µg/L) in 2018, while cyanobacteria averaged 87% of total biovolume. More TP and cyanobacteria in 2018 are attributed to more internal TP loading. Increased N:P ratios have possibly given more advantage to the non‐N‐fixing cyanobacteria Microcystis, which comprised 82% and 74% of maximum cyanobacteria biovolume in 2017 and 2018.Practitioner points

Lake total phosphorus (TP) was reduced 57% in the 1970s–1980s by adding large volumes of low‐nutrient Columbia River water (CRW).

Total P was further reduced by 65% since 2000 by more than doubling the earlier CRW input to an average spring–summer concentration of 24 μg/L.

Less (65%) CRW during 2017–2018 led to higher lake TP (41 μg/L) and a worse cyanobacteria bloom in 2018.

Microcystis, an non‐nitrogen fixer, was the dominant cyanobacteria in 2017–2018 likely related to higher N:P ratios.
Aided design of market mechanisms for electricity clusters
Authors: Kaleta Mariusz 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
There are two pillars of sustainable development in the electricity sector: renewable energy and energy efficiency. Both can be addressed by a concept of electrical energy cluster, which is a local area power system that works towards self-balancing. In this paper, we consider the problem of designing the market mechanism for an electrical energy cluster. This task is complex and extensive with ill-defined constraints and criteria. Therefore, we propose the ARchitecture for Market Systems, a well-defined reference architecture that captures the entire design process and helps the designer to navigate through it. The contribution of the paper lies in structuring the cluster mechanism design problem through problem decomposition into several areas called views. Within this architecture, a mechanism is being designed by choosing parameters from the space of solutions, visualising the concept on different schemas, and applying simulation models for evaluation purposes. Based on our reference architecture, we also propose a decision support system (DSS) for the market designer. We prove the usefulness of the approach by implementing a part of the DSS concept and by presenting its application for exemplary cluster design processes.
gFACs: Gene Filtering, Analysis, and Conversion to Unify Genome Annotations Across Alignment and Gene Prediction Frameworks
Authors: Caballero Madison , Wegrzyn Jill 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Published genomes frequently contain erroneous gene models that represent issues associated with identification of open reading frames, start sites, splice sites, and related structural features. The source of these inconsistencies is often traced back to integration across text file formats designed to describe long read alignments and predicted gene structures. In addition, the majority of gene prediction frameworks do not provide robust downstream filtering to remove problematic gene annotations, nor do they represent these annotations in a format consistent with current file standards. These frameworks also lack consideration for functional attributes, such as the presence or absence of protein domains that can be used for gene model validation. To provide oversight to the increasing number of published genome annotations, we present a software package, the Gene Filtering, Analysis, and Conversion (gFACs), to filter, analyze, and convert predicted gene models and alignments. The software operates across a wide range of alignment, analysis, and gene prediction files with a flexible framework for defining gene models with reliable structural and functional attributes. gFACs supports common downstream applications, including genome browsers, and generates extensive details on the filtering process, including distributions that can be visualized to further assess the proposed gene space. gFACs is freely available and implemented in Perl with support from BioPerl libraries at https://gitlab.com/PlantGenomicsLab/gFACs.
Achieving IoT nirvana by protecting cellular networks
Authors: Ghalaieny Dawood 
Published: August 2019

The next several billion cellular connections will not connect people. They will connect devices, sensors, measurement tools and machines to create a complex Internet of Things (IoT). Despite the success of cellular technology to date – two thirds of the world's population is now connected – IoT is expected to be the next goldrush for the industry. Little wonder then that companies large and small are rushing headlong into the opportunity. The next several billion cellular connections will not connect people. They will connect devices, sensors, measurement tools and machines to create a complex Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT can undoubtedly be a force for good. Combined with machine learning techniques, it will deliver business efficiencies and insight that can transform industries. However, today's cellular networks are built on technology that is hardly fit for purpose in protecting voice and data from data breaches, cyber attacks and hacking, says Dawood Ghalaieny of Cellusys.
Securing the future of AgTech
Authors: O'Malley Mike 
Published: August 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) has grown exponentially over recent years as more and more of our devices have become smart and connected, aiding us in all areas of our daily lives. Whether it's helping us be more efficient at work, more productive with our leisure time or simply keeping us entertained, there's a smart device for almost everything. But it's not just we humans that benefit from the IoT. The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a key tool in agriculture, with farmers investing in AgTech to monitor everything from cows' health to soil moisture. The applications are almost endless. But they all play a role in creating a better ecosystem for agriculture. However, in order to continue innovating and reaping the benefits of AgTech, farmers will have to navigate the same data challenges that are faced in any other sector – and that means dealing with cyber attacks that target their devices as well as their valuable data, explains Mike O'Malley of Radware.