bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cambio Climático y Vulnerabilidad Socioeconómica en el Puerto de Alvarado
Authors: Tovar Cabañas Rodrigo , Vázquez Palacios Felipe Roboam , Vázquez Espinosa Shany Arely 
Published: May 2018

La importancia de este trabajo radica en que cada vez más, la incertidumbre del cambio climático, aunada al incremento de desastres, repercute en el desarrollo endógeno de las localidades costeras de México y América Latina. Por lo que este ensayo, tiene como objetivo: disertar los impactos económicos, sociales y culturales que puede sufrir el puerto de Alvarado, Veracruz, en caso de que el nivel del mar incremente súbitamente en 5 metros su nivel. Nuestro objetivo principal es geografizar los grupos vulnerables que se encuentran actualmente dentro de la zona de peligro. Es de advertir que en el tratamiento metodológico cuantitativo se recurrió al manejo de micro-datos, mientras que, con las técnicas cualitativas, aplicadas durante el trabajo de campo, se buscó darle una representación equilibrada a nuestro enfoque interdisciplinario. Dentro de los resultados más apremiantes tenemos que, si el municipio de Alvarado sufriera una inundación de cinco metros sobre el nivel del mar, 240 km2 quedarían anegados, los cuales representan un valor superior a 75 millones de dólares.
Efecto del cambio climático en la distribución potencial de HLB en sudamérica
Authors: Heit Guillermo , Sione Walter , Della Penna Angela 
Published: May 2018

El Huanglongbing (HLB), es la enfermedad de los cítricos más destructiva a nivel mundial, que en Sudamérica presenta una distribución restringida a algunos estados de Brasil. El objetivo del trabajo fue estimar los efectos del cambio climático en la distribución geográfica potencial de HLB en Sudamérica, mediante una técnica basada en el Análisis de Componentes Principales, que predice la aptitud ambiental de una especie a partir de la distancia euclidiana desde cualquier punto geográfico de Sudamérica hacia los sitios dónde HLB se ha establecido en Sudamérica. Para estimar los cambios en la distribución potencial de HLB ante un escenario de cambio climático, se consideró la Vía de Concentración Representativa 2,6, propuesta por el Quinto Informe de Evaluación del Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, generada por el modelo HadGEM2-ES, para las décadas de 2050 y 2070. A posteriori, se calculó el estadístico kappa de las capas resultantes contra una matriz de sitios con presencia de HLB en Brasil. Se utilizaron los softwares QGIS 2.12, IDRISI Selva e Infostat. El modelo estimó que los sitios con un elevado riesgo de establecimiento se distribuirían en el sur de Brasil, sudeste de Paraguay, región Noreste y zona oriental de la región Noroeste de Argentina y el centro-sur de Bolivia. Según las estimaciones del IPCC5, los efectos del cambio climático determinarían que a futuro, las áreas de elevado riesgo climático para el establecimiento de HLB, se desplazarían hacia el sudoeste de las áreas consideradas de mayor riesgo climático en la actualidad.
Metodologías para investigar la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria
Authors: Gómez-Trujillo Elvin Ariel , Martinez-Andrades Erick , Rivas-García Julio Antonio , Villalobos-Madrigal Edixia María 
Published: May 2018

El presente escrito se centró primeramente en la revisión de la literatura para conocer la metodología que utilizaron diferentes autores para investigar este tema. Luego se define la metodología a utilizar por el autor en la realización de la investigación.
Al revisar la literatura se concluye que todos los autores utilizaron metodologías similares, ya que todos encuestaron para recolectar la información, hacen uso de investigación cualitativa pero también utilizan investigación cuantitativa que fue tabulada para presentar resultados cualitativos.
En mi investigación también haré uso de investigación cualitativa apoyada con datos cuantitativos recolectados por medio de encuesta.
The Goldilocks Placebo Effect: Placebo Effects Are Stronger When People Select a Treatment from an Optimal Number of Choices
Authors: Hafner Rebecca J. , White Mathew P. , Handley Simon J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
People are often more satisfied with a choice (e.g., chocolates, pens) when the number of options in the choice set is “just right” (e.g., 10–12), neither too few (e.g., 2–4) nor too many (e.g., 30–40). We investigated this “Goldilocks effect” in the context of a placebo treatment. Participants reporting nonspecific complaints (e.g., headaches) chose one of Bach’s 38 Flower Essences from a choice set of 2 (low choice), 12 (optimal choice), or 38 (full choice) options to use for a 2-week period. Replicating earlier findings in the novel context of a health-related choice, participants were initially more satisfied with the essence they selected when presented with 12 versus either 2 or 38 options. More importantly, self-reported symptoms were significantly lower 2 weeks later in the optimal (12) versus nonoptimal choice conditions (2 and 38). Because there is no known active ingredient in Bach’s Flower Essences, we refer to this as the Goldilocks placebo effect. Supporting a counterfactual thinking account of the Goldilocks effect, and despite significantly fewer symptoms after 2 weeks, those in the optimal choice set condition were no longer significantly more satisfied with their choice at the end of testing. Implications for medical practice, especially patient choice, are discussed.
“Forstod hun hvor frustrerede og ulykkelige de var?”: Demanding Happiness in Nikolaj Zeuthen’s Verdensmestre: En historie fra oo’erne
Authors: Simonsen Peter 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Danes, in general, seem extremely averse to innovation, and if happiness only consist in opinion, they are the happiest people in the world; for I never saw any so well satisfied with their own situation. Yet the climate appears to be very disagreeable, the weather being dry and sultry, or moist and cold; the atmosphere never having that sharp, bracing purity, which in Norway prepares you to brave its rigours.
Taxonomic revision of Brasiloniscus (Oniscidea, Pudeoniscidae) with description of a new species
Authors: Cardoso Giovanna Monticelli , Campos-Filho Ivanklin Soares , Araujo Paula Beatriz 
Published: May 2018

The Neotropical genus Brasiloniscus, erected by Lemos de Castro (1973), is revised and validated herein. The genus was originally described including two species, B. maculatus and B. verrucosus, but no type species was designated. According to § 13 of ICZN (1999) the name of the genus is therefore unavailable. Both species are redescribed, and B. maculatus is designated as the type species of the genus. The genus name will thus be available for the systematics of Oniscidea. In addition, a new species, B. littoralis gen. et sp. nov., is described based on material from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest from the state of Rio de Janeiro.
INDICADORES DE SAÚDE EM ESCOLARES: UMA ANÁLISE DO ESTADO NUTRICIONAL E APTIDÃO FÍSICA RELACIONADA À SAÚDE
Authors: Reis Monalisa Da Silva , Amud Girlana Oliveira Tavares , Soares Samuel de Souza , Silva Charles Darwin Costa da , Corrêa Lionela da Silva 
Published: May 2018

A aptidão física vem sendo estudada, nas ultimas décadas, por dois essenciais aspectos: aptidão relacionada à saúde (ApFRS) e a aptidão relacionada ao desempenho motor (ApFDM), a aptidão física pode der definida como a capacidade de executar com energia e vigor atividade física sem excesso de fadiga. Descrever e comparar os indicadores de saúde em escolares: estado nutricional e aptidão física relacionada à saúde por sexo. Participaram do estudo 100 adolescentes com idade entre 11 a 14 anos. O istrumento utilizado foi a bateria de teste e medida proesp-br contendo 4 itens: Flexibilidade; Resistencia muscular; Aptidão cardiorrespiratoria e indice de massa corporal (massa/altura2). Os dados foram tabulados e analisados no SPSS versão 20.0 for Windows, verificando a normalidade por meior do teste kolmogorov-Smirnov, foi realizado estatistica descritiva com média e desvio-padrão e teste t de student para amostra independete para comparação entre sexo. Ao comparar a aptidão entre sexos houve diferença significativa no teste de flexibilidade (p=0,10) e resistência muscular (p=0,16), ao verificar os resultados de acordo com os criterios estabelecidos pelo proesp-br tanto meninos quanto meninas apresentaram niveis insatisfátorio nos teste de resistência muscular (94,4% meninos e 86,2% meninas) e aptidão cardiorrespirátoria (40,8% meninos e 58,6% meninas). Conclui-se que aptidão física em grande parte, encontra-se abaixo dos niveis esperados. Tornando cada vez mais importante a implementação de intervenções buscando melhorar a qualidade de vida e prevenir possiveis doenças crônico-degenerativas. Palavra-chaves: Aptidão Física; Saúde; Escolares; Indicador de saúde.
On Nonlinear Relationship between Inflation and Economic Growth: A Study of ASEAN-5 Countries Period 2000–2016
Authors: Galih Ambar , Safuan Sugiharso 
Published: May 2018

Money (inflation) has played a vital role in economic growth. However, the nexus between them has always drawn mesmerizing debates. From the thoughts of Classical and Keynes which argued the existence of money neutrality, to the level of empirical studies which find either positive or negative correlation between inflation and economic growth. Recent studies concerning the debatable relationship have evolved it into a hypothesis whether the relation is nonlinear with a threshold or a point where the link switches. This study aims to re-examine the causality between inflation and economic growth in ASEAN-5 countries period 2000Q1–2016Q4. The results based on Threshold Vector Autoregression model indicate the presence of a nonlinear relationship between the two variables.
Economic Impact of Imposing Excise Tax on Plastic Bottles of Drinks
Authors: Mardanugraha Eugenia 
Published: May 2018

This research simulates the effect of imposing excise tax on plastic container of drinks towards economic performance of beverage industry in Indonesia and governmentâ˘A ´Zs tax revenue. The results showed that by imposing excise tax on plastic cups and plastic bottles the government would lose tax revenue from value added tax (PPN) and corporate income tax (PPh badan) more than they gain additional revenue from excise tax. Hence, imposing excise tax on drink containers should serve a clear purpose and an undeniable reason. This paper recommends the government to develop proper excise infrastructure to extend the goods or services to be taxed. This paper also recommends the required stages for extending the excise tax.
Nature-derived lignan compound VB-1 exerts hair growth-promoting effects by augmenting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human dermal papilla cells
Authors: Luo Jieshu , Chen Mengting , Liu Yingzi , Xie Hongfu , Yuan Jian , Zhou Yingjun , Ding Jinsong , Deng Zhili , Li Ji 
Published: May 2018

Background
Vitexin is a kind of lignan compound which has been shown to possess a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-cancer activities. However the effect of vitexin on hair regeneration has not been elaborated.

Methods
The proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) was examined by cell counting and continuous cell culture after vitexin compound 1 (VB-1) was treated. The expression of lef1, wnt5a, bmp2, bmp4, alpl and vcan was examined by RT-PCR. The expression of dkk1, tgf-β1, active-β-Catenin, and AXIN2 was examined by RT-PCR or immunoblotting. Hair shaft growth was measured in the absence or presence of VB-1.

Results
We demonstrated that VB-1 significantly promotes the proliferation of hDPCs in a concentration-dependent manner within a certain concentration range. Among the hair growth-related genes investigated, dkk1 was clearly down-regulated in hDPCs treated with VB-1. The increased active β-Catenin and decreased AXIN2 protein levels suggest that VB-1 facilitates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hDPCs in vitro. The expression of DP signature genes was also upregulated after VB-1 treatment. Our study further indicated that VB-1 promotes human hair follicle (HF) growth by HF organ culture assay.

Discussion
VB-1 may exert hair growth-promoting effects via augmenting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hDPCs.
Importance of Early Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Stomach: Our 5-Year, Single-Center Experience
Authors: Akyüz Cebrail , Abuoglu Hasan , Gunay Emre , Uzunoğlu Hakan , Tilki Metin , Okuyan Gülten Çiçek 
Published: May 2018

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate clinicopathologic characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients who underwent surgery with a diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) of the stomach.Methods:In this single center study, the data of a total of 42 patients diagnosed with a GIST of the stomach in our center between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean age was 60.6 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.47/1. Patients presented with various complaints (21 patients had stomach pain,14 patients were asymptomatic, 3 patients had hemorrhage, 2 patients had heartburn and acidity,1 patient had intumescence,1 patient had nausea and vomiting), and all patients underwent surgery. The initial diagnosis was made with endoscopy in 19 patients, with computed tomography in 21 patients, and with magnetic resonance imaging in 2 patients. Local excision or wedge resection was performed in 27 patients, whereas subtotal gastrectomy was performed in 15 patients.Results:The mean tumor diameter was 5.66 cm. Pathologically, 25 patients had very low, 5 patients had low, 6 patients had moderate, and 6 patients had high-grade malignancy. The patients with moderate- to high-grade malignancy received imatinib. Liver metastasis occurred in 2 patients. The mean follow-up was 33 months. The mean disease-free survival time was 31.72 months, and the mean disease-specific (n = 2) survival time was 31.25 months. All patients including metastatic ones were still alive.Conclusions:Our study results show that frequent use of imaging studies and increased use of endoscopic scans for various reasons may increase the rate of incidentally detected gastric stromal tumors. High rates of disease-free survival can be achieved in GIST patients who are in the low-risk group due to the early diagnosis.
Liver regeneration accelerates hepatitis B virus‐related tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Teng Chiao‐Fang , Chang Hong‐Yi , Tsai Hung‐Wen , Hsieh Wen‐Chuan , Kuo Yu‐Hao , Su Ih‐Jen , Lin Yih‐Jyh 
Published: May 2018

Although partial hepatectomy (PH) to remove tumors provides a potential cure of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), long‐term survival of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related HCC patients after PH remains a big challenge. Early recurrence within 2 years post‐PH is associated with the dissemination of primary HCC. However, late recurrence after 2 years post‐PH is supposed due to the de novo or a secondary tumor. Since PH initiates liver regeneration (LR), we hypothesize that LR may accelerate tumorigenesis through activation of pre‐existing precancerous lesions in the remaining liver. In this study, we explored the potential role of several LR‐related factors in the de novo recurrence in a HBV X protein (HBx) transgenic mouse model receiving PH to mimic human HCC development. Following PH, we observed that tumor development was significantly accelerated from 16.9 to 10.4 months in HBx transgenic mice. The expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family proteins was remarkably suppressed in livers of HBx transgenic relative to non‐transgenic mice from early to late stages after PH as compared with non‐PH mice. The expression of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)/Smad pathway, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Myc, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and β‐Catenin also showed a significant difference between livers of HBx transgenic and non‐transgenic mice at variable time points after PH in comparison with non‐PH mice. Taken together, our results provide an explanation for the high de novo recurrence of HBV‐related HCC after PH, probably through induction of the sequential changes of LR‐related SOCS family proteins, growth factors, and transcription factors, which may promote growth on the precancerous remnant liver.
Efficient Vanadium‐Catalyzed Aerobic C−C Bond Oxidative Cleavage of Vicinal Diols
Authors: Amadio Emanuele , González‐Fabra Joan , Carraro Davide , Denis William , Gjoka Blerina , Zonta Cristiano , Bartik Kristin , Cavani Fabrizio , Solmi Stefania , Bo Carles , Licini Giulia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aerobic oxidative C−C bond cleavage of vicinal diols catalyzed by vanadium amino triphenolates is described. Our results show that C−C bond cleavage can be performed in different solvents, under an air or oxygen atmosphere, with a large variety of glycols (cyclic or linear, with aromatic or aliphatic substituents) affording the corresponding carbonyl derivatives with high chemoselectivity. Reactions can be performed with as little as 10 ppm of catalyst reaching TON up to 81,000 and TOFs of up to 4150 h−1. A reaction mechanism, rationalized by density functional theory calculations, is also proposed.magnified image
HPLC‐MS detection of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N‐oxides in herbarium specimens dating back to the 1850s
Authors: Tasca Julia A. , Smith Chelsea R. , Burzynski Elizabeth A. , Sundberg Brynn N. , Lagalante Anthony F. , Livshultz Tatyana , Minbiole Kevin P. C. 
Published: May 2018

Premise of the StudyUnderstanding the phylogenetic distribution of defensive plant secondary metabolites is essential to the macroevolutionary study of chemically mediated plant–animal interactions. The chemical ecology of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) has been extensively studied in a number of plant–herbivore systems, including Apocynaceae (the milkweed and dogbane family) and Danainae (the milkweed and clearwing butterflies). A systematic survey is necessary to establish a detailed understanding of their occurrence across Apocynaceae. A survey of this species‐rich, mainly tropical and subtropical family will rely heavily on small tissue samples removed from herbarium specimens, some of which will be very old and/or preserved with alcohols or mercuric chloride.MethodsWe optimized PA extraction methods from small leaf fragments of recently collected silica‐dried leaves of the PA‐positive Echites umbellatus, varying crushing and extraction time. We then applied our optimized method to leaf fragments from 70–167‐year‐old herbarium specimens of E. umbellatus. To simulate the effect of alcohol treatment on PA detectability in herbarium specimens, we incubated freshly collected leaves of the PA‐positive Parsonsia alboflavescens in three different alcohols before drying and compared PA recovery to freshly dried controls. PAs were quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. X‐ray fluorescence was used to identify mercury‐containing specimens.ResultsFifteen seconds of leaf crushing followed by 24 h of extraction were optimal for PA free‐base and N‐oxide recovery. This method yielded ~50‐fold greater PA recovery than prior methods. Half of the herbarium specimens (13 of 23), including the oldest, tested positive for PAs; leaf age did not correlate with success in PA extraction. Treatment of fresh leaves with alcohol before drying did not diminish PA recovery; mercury was observed in both PA‐positive and PA‐negative specimens.ConclusionsPAs can be reliably detected in small tissue samples from herbarium specimens up to 167 years old, including specimens that had been treated with alcohol or mercury salts. The variability of PA presence among herbarium specimens of E. umbellatus indicates that multiple specimens will need to be tested before a particular species is determined to lack PAs.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck‐Type Alkenylation of Monoaryldialkylsulfoniums
Authors: Uno Daisuke , Minami Hiroko , Otsuka Shinya , Nogi Keisuke , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMizoroki–Heck‐type alkenylation of monoaryldialkylsulfoniums has been accomplished by means of palladium catalysts. Various combinations of monoarylsulfoniums and alkenes were adapted to the present reaction. Because monoaryldimethylsulfoniums were readily prepared from the corresponding aryl methyl sulfides and methyl triflate, one‐pot alkenylation of aryl methyl sulfide could also be executed.
Ruthenium‐Mediated Distal C−H Activation
Authors: Khan Farheen Fatima , Sinha Soumya Kumar , Lahiri Goutam Kumar , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAddressing remote C−H functionalization is a prominent challenge in the field of homogeneous catalysis. The past two decades have accounted for major developments in this domain, proclaiming efficient selectivity at the meta and para positions. Recognizing such transformations remains significant, owing to their importance in the biological and chemical industries. This focus review aims to summarize the relatively new concept of σ‐C−H activation enabled by a ruthenium metal center.
Analysis of retinol, α‐tocopherol, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease by HPLC–MS/MS method
Authors: Karaźniewicz‐Łada Marta , Główka Anna , Komosa Anna , Kruszyna Łukasz , Graczyk‐Szuster Agnieszka , Lesiak Maciej , Sowińska Dagmara , Przysławski Juliusz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFat‐soluble vitamins play a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerosis and the development of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, plasma monitoring of their concentrations may be useful in the diagnosis of these disorders as well as in the process of treatment. The study aimed to develop and validate an HPLC–MS/MS method for determination of retinol, α‐tocopherol, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2 and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease. The analytes were separated on an HPLC Kinetex F5 column via gradient elution with water and methanol, both containing 0.1% (v/v) formic acid. Detection of the analytes was performed on a triple‐quadrupole MS with multiple reaction monitoring via electrospray ionization. The analytes were isolated from plasma samples with liquid–liquid extraction using hexane. Linearity of the analyte calibration curves was confirmed in the ranges 0.02–2 μg/mL for retinol, 0.5–20 μg/mL for α‐tocopherol, 5–100 ng/mL for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D2 and 2–100 ng/mL for 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3. Intra‐ and inter‐assay precision and accuracy of the method were satisfactory. Short‐ and long‐term stabilities of the analytes were determined. The HPLC‐MS/MS method was applied for the determination of the above fat‐soluble vitamin concentrations in patient plasma as potential markers of the cardiovascular disease progression.
Elucidating the Importance of Hydrochloric Acid as a Cocatalyst for Resorcinarene‐Capsule‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Köster Jesper M. , Tiefenbacher Konrad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis survey of resorcinarene‐capsule‐catalyzed reactions demonstrates that HCl functions as a crucial cocatalyst by increasing the capsule's inherent Brønsted acidity to enable or accelerate cationic reactions. The presence of HCl appears to be without consequences for other reactions.