bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach of assessing patient safety aspects in routine practice using the example of “doctors handwritten prescriptions”
Authors: Sendlhofer Gerald , Pregartner Gudrun , Gombotz Veronika , Leitgeb Karina , Tiefenbacher Peter , Jantscher Lydia , Richter Christian , Hoffmann Magdalena , Kamolz Lars P. , Brunner Gernot 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo test the method of self‐ and external assessment as a feedback system to decrease illegibility and incorrectness of handwritten prescriptions and to reduce additional workload for nursing staff.BackgroundIllegibility and incorrectness of handwritten prescriptions occur very often and are the most crucial factors affecting patient safety.DesignSelf‐ versus external assessment using a 15 items checklist.MethodsNurses randomly selected five fever charts of their wards. Each fever chart was self‐ as well as externally assessed. Nurses and doctors took part in the self‐assessment, and the external assessment was performed by external experts. According to a monitor suspension system, assessment results were considered “green,” “yellow” or “red.” After the first assessment and issuing feedback of the results “red” scored wards by the external assessment, additional trainings were performed. Thereafter, a second assessment was performed to rate eligibility and completeness of prescriptions. The research and reporting methodology followed squire 2.0.ResultsIn total, 580 fever charts were self‐ as well as externally assessed (290 in each of the two assessment periods). Out of the 58 participating wards, 31 were surgical and 27 were non‐surgical wards. Averaging over all checklist items, surgical and non‐surgical wards improved only slightly over time. Linear regression models for ward means showed that there were significant improvements over time for non‐surgical wards.ConclusionsThis method directly involves those who commit errors and stimulate learning from errors. The approach of self‐ and external assessment was a useful instrument to detect inadequate prescriptions and to monitor improvements.Relevance to clinical practiceSignificant improvements were achieved regarding correctness and legibility of handwritten prescription and helped to decrease additional workload for nursing staff and thereby enhanced patient safety.
Nurses’ perceptions about a web‐based learning intervention concerning supportive family conversations in home health care
Authors: Pusa Susanna , Dorell Åsa , Erlingsson Christen , Antonsson Helena , Brännström Margareta , Sundin Karin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe the perceptions that municipal primary healthcare nurses and municipal registered nurses had about a web‐based learning intervention concerning supportive family health conversations in municipal home health care.BackgroundEven though family health conversations are well grounded in theory with several reported benefits for patients and families, most working nurses have little or no training in practising family systems nursing including family health conversations. Continued learning is necessary for nurses, where web‐based learning may be one answer of updating the professional skills and knowledge of nurses regarding supporting families.DesignThe study used a descriptive design and followed the “Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research” (COREQ) checklist.MethodsTwenty‐one nurses participated in an educational intervention that consisted of web‐based learning and two face‐to‐face seminars about family systems nursing including family health conversations. The nurses were interviewed after completion, and the audio‐recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe findings consist of nurses’ perceptions regarding the disposition of instruction, the prerequisites for learning and a changed approach when working with families. The findings are further reflected on through Illeris’ theory concerning learning triangle.ConclusionsThe findings are encouraging for educating nurses in family health conversations at their workplace, with the purpose of supporting patients and families. However, it is important to be aware of the different dimensions of learning, in addition to the appraisal of social aspects and organisational circumstances when educating nurses as they influence the utilisation of the knowledge.Relevance to clinical practiceThis web‐based learning intervention seems to be suitable for educating nurses in family health conversations and could be an appropriate step towards implementing these conversations in home health care with the purpose of supporting families.
Dementia‐friendly community initiatives: An integrative review
Authors: Shannon Kay , Bail Kasia , Neville Stephen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo synthesise international research conducted on dementia‐friendly community initiatives.BackgroundThe number of people living with dementia is increasing as a result of population ageing. Impairments related to neurological changes, together with environmental challenges, result in disability for people who have dementia. Led by the World Health Organization and Alzheimer's Disease International, initiatives have been undertaken internationally to promote social inclusion for people who have dementia. Communities where people with dementia are able to remain socially included are known as dementia‐friendly communities.DesignAn integrative review of the literature.MethodsScopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science and CINAHL Plus via Ebsco databases were searched for relevant articles. The PRISMA framework guided the article search and screening; reporting is in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. Eight eligible studies were identified. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was evaluated using the MMAT checklist. The matrix method was used to extract, abstract and analyse the data.ResultsOf the eight studies reviewed, five were from the UK and one each from Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Four major concepts were identified in the literature, and these are characteristics of dementia‐friendly communities, facilitators and barriers to community engagement for people with dementia, strategies for developing dementia‐friendly communities and challenges encountered when developing dementia‐friendly communities.ConclusionPeople with dementia are at the centre of dementia‐friendly initiatives, and these foster social inclusion. Collaborations and partnerships enhance development of dementia‐friendly communities; however, lack of resources and difficulty ensuring representation of marginalised groups provide challenges.Relevance to clinical practiceAn understanding of the impact of marginalisation and inequality on community participation for people with dementia is important for practitioners, enabling them to support those people. Senior nurses with this understanding can ensure services are able to meet the needs of a growing population with dementia.
Operative and anaesthetic factors influencing on delirium in the intensive care unit: An Analysis of electronic health records
Authors: An Yoo‐Sol , Jin Yinji , Jin Taixian , Hur Eun Young , Lee Sun‐Mi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo analyse the operation, anaesthesia and recovery‐related factors affecting the occurrence of delirium in the intensive care unit.BackgroundThe occurrence rate of postoperative delirium is high in surgical patients. Postoperative delirium most frequently occurs usually within 3 days after an operation.DesignThis study used a secondary data analysis based on a case–control study.MethodsThis study analysed data extracted from the electronic health records at a university hospital from October 2009–July 2015. One hundred and eighty patients with delirium admitted to the intensive care unit through the recovery room after surgery, and 720 nondelirium controls were included. A total of 17 variables were selected, and hierarchical logistic regression was performed to identify operative and anaesthetic factors influencing on delirium. STROBE statement was applied for reporting this study.ResultsThe operation, anaesthesia and recovery‐related factors increasing the risk of delirium included Class II or higher in the classification system of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, continuous remifentanil infusion and lower than seven‐point postanaesthesia recovery score at the time of admission to the recovery room.ConclusionThe operative and anaesthetic factors influencing the occurrence of delirium should be assessed when a patient is admitted to the ICU following an operation even if a patient is conscious.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentifying operative and anaesthetic risk factors for delirium can improve the prevention intervention and the patient outcome in the intensive care unit.
A survey on the prevalence and risk indicators of erosive tooth wear among adolescents in Guangzhou, South China
Authors: Li Jianbo , Fan Weihua , Lu Yu , Xuan Dongying , Liu Ziqiang , Huang Shaohong , Zhang Jincai 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundErosive tooth wear (ETW) has become a crucial oral health problem over the decades in China.ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence and risk indicators of ETW among adolescents in Guangzhou, south China.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 720 participants was conducted in Guangzhou, using an equal‐sized, stratified, multistage random sampling approach. The participants were from two different age groups (12‐ and 15‐year‐olds), 360 per group. The ratio of males to females was 1:1 in each group. ETW was recorded utilising the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) index as the dependent variable. Independent variables included age, gender, region, socioeconomic status, dietary factors, oral health measures and others.ResultsThe prevalence rates (weighted) of ETW and dentin exposure (DE) were 56.1% and 26.2% among adolescents in Guangzhou, with mean teeth (weighted) of 1.8 ± 2.5 and 0.6 ± 1.5, respectively. No matter the prevalence or the mean teeth, the 15‐year‐olds were higher than the 12‐year‐olds; the mean teeth of ETW of males was higher than that of females; the mean teeth of ETW and DE of the adolescents of low socioeconomic status were higher than those of high socioeconomic status. Medium to high risk levels were found for 10.1%. In the multiple regression model, age, gender and taking acidic foods/drinks before sleep were associated with ETW.ConclusionsModerate ETW in the permanent dentition was common among adolescents in Guangzhou. However, the teeth involved were low. Dietary factors and demographics were the main risk indicators.
Bringing benign ectomesenchymal odontogenic tumours to the lab: An in vitro study using an organotypic culture model
Authors: Bastos Victor Coutinho , Pereira Núbia Braga , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Andrade Luciana Oliveira , Castro Wagner Henriques , Kitten Gregory Thomas , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundBenign neoplasms exhibit most of the cellular phenomena considered hallmarks of cancer, except the capacity to metastasize. Thus, the elucidation of the mechanisms associated with the progression of benign neoplasms may complement and clarify the mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. Benign odontogenic tumours often result in facial deformities and morbidities, and have complex pathogenesis, mainly due to the diversity of interactions between the odontogenic epithelium and the ectomesenchyme. Primary cell culture of such tumours is not only difficult to be established and maintained, but also tumour cells lose characteristic cellular morphology. Considering gene expression, growth, migration, proliferation and cellular morphology are controlled by cell‐cell interactions and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions, cell culture in 3D substrates has gained space as a way to overcome some of the limitations of traditional monolayer cell culture systems.MethodsIn this study, fragments obtained from mesenchymal odontogenic tumours were cultured in type I collagen scaffolds. Invasion tests were performed in these models, as well as phenotypic characterization of the cultured tumours.ResultsThe results obtained for the odontogenic myxoma and the cemento‐ossifying fibroma demonstrate a good reproduction of the growth pattern of these tumours under ex vivo conditions. Microscopic evaluation showed maintenance of cell viability in the explants for more than 30 days, without the presence of necrosis.ConclusionThis is the first study involving long‐term 3D primary cultures of benign odontogenic tumours, which is expected to support complex approaches to cell and molecular biology, and to serve as an experimental model for testing molecular therapies.
CXCR4 enhances cisplatin resistance of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhuang Xiu‐Mei , Zhou Bin 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) plays an important role in tumor progression. Overexpressed CXCR4 is associated with a poor prognosis of patient with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. However, the correlation between CXCR4 and chemotherapy resistance in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains obscure.MethodsStable cisplatin‐resistant CAL27 CDDP and SCC25 CDDP cells were established and identified by CCK8 assay, and the CXCR4 expression was detected using qRT‐PCR and Western blot. CXCR4‐siRNA was transfected into TSCC CDDP cells, whose transfect efficiency was examined. Cisplatin sensitivity was further detected, as well as several proliferation and apoptosis‐related proteins.ResultsCAL27 CDDP and SCC25 CDDP cells were successfully established, which exhibited significantly higher cell viability and less apoptosis under cisplatin stimulation than that of parental cells. CXCR4 expression was increased in TSCC CDDP cells. After transfection of CXCR4‐siRNA, the expression of CXCR4 was reduced by 73% and 78% in CAL27 CDDP and SCC25 CDDP cells, respectively. CCK8 assay and flow cytometry assay revealed that the proliferative capacity under cisplatin stimulation significantly decreased after CXCR4 silencing. Moreover, increased TSCC CDDP cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase after knockdown of CXCR4. Compared with negative control group, the expression of cyclin D1 and p‐AKT decreased, while that of p‐caspase‐3 and Bax significantly increased.ConclusionsSilencing CXCR4 may evidently inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis and enhance cisplatin sensitivity of TSCC CDDP cells by reduced cyclin D1 and p‐AKT, and increased p‐caspase‐3 and Bax.
Daily oral cyanocobalamin supplementation in Beagles with hereditary cobalamin malabsorption (Imerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome) maintains normal clinical and cellular cobalamin status
Authors: Kook Peter H. , Hersberger Martin 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundEfficacy of PO cobalamin (Cbl) supplementation in dogs with hereditary Cbl malabsorption (Imerslund‐Gräsbeck syndrome, IGS) is unknown.ObjectivesTo evaluate PO Cbl supplementation in Beagles with IGS previously treated parenterally. We hypothesized that 1 mg cyano‐Cbl daily PO would maintain clinical and metabolic remission.AnimalsThree client‐owned Beagles with IGS and 48 healthy control dogs.MethodsProspective study. Daily PO cyanocobalamin (cyano‐Cbl; 1 mg) supplementation was monitored for 13 (2 dogs) and 8 months (1 dog). Health status was assessed by owner observations. Methylmalonic acid (MMA)‐to‐creatinine concentrations were measured using an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TMS) method on urine samples collected monthly. Concurrent measurements of serum MMA concentration (n = 7; UPLC‐TMS) were available for 1 dog.ResultsAll dogs remained in excellent health during PO supplementation. Urine MMA remained consistently low in 2 dogs (median, 2.5 mmol/mol creatinine; range, 1.2‐9; healthy dogs [n = 30], median, 2.9 mmol/mol creatinine; range, 1.3‐76.5). Urine MMA ranged from 38.9‐84.9 mmol/mol creatinine during the first 6 months in 1 dog already known to excrete comparable amounts when supplemented parenterally. Brief antibiotic treatment for an unrelated condition after 6 months resulted in low urine MMA (median, 2.8 mmol/mol creatinine; range, 1.9‐4.8) for the next 7 months. All concurrent serum MMA concentrations (median, 651 nmol/L; range, 399‐919) before and after month 6 were within the established reference interval (393‐1476 nmol/L; n = 48).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOne milligram of cyano‐Cbl daily PO appears efficacious for maintaining normal clinical status and normal cellular markers of Cbl metabolism in Beagles with IGS.
The action mechanism and biocontrol potentiality of novel isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae against the aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Abdel-Kareem M. Marwa , Rasmey A.M. , Zohri A.A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and its aflatoxins production using the biocontrol agent Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as to explore its mode of action was studied. Eight strains of S. cerevisiae strains were able to suppress the growth of A. flavus Z103. The maximum growth inhibition of A. flavus Z103 was obtained by living cells of S. cerevisiae EBF101 and S. cerevisiae 117 with 85 and 83%, respectively. The sporulation inhibition and hyphae deterioration of A. flavus Z103 by S. cerevisiae cells adhesion were observed under SEM; up to 99·8% inhibition of aflatoxins biosynthesis by A. flavus Z103 was resulted when the fungus was treated by autoclaved extracellular crude of S. cerevisiae. Also, the tested strains are potential to produce exo-chitinase which could be suggested as another mode of action for its antifungal activity. GC-MS analysis of S. cerevisiae 117 extracellular secondary metabolites revealed the existence of 4-Hydroxyphenethyl alcohol (46·32%), 4, 4-Dimethyloxazole (9·14%) and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid dioctyl ester (2·8%).
Significance and Impact of the Study: The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae instead of chemical preservatives in fermented food, animal and fish feed and storage cereal grains could encourage the food industry to produce organic food free of chemical additives. Overall, our data suggest the possibility of using S. cerevisiae as an alternative treatment in the food industries to control the dispersion and aflatoxins production by Aspergillus flavus during storage. This method could provide an additional probiotic effect in the digestive tract of consumers after ingestion of the treated food. So, our study clarifies the exact mechanisms responsible for the reduction of the aflatoxin contents by S. cerevisiae
Serum adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein levels: An indicator of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese individuals
Authors: Xu Yiting , Ma Xiaojing , Pan Xiaoping , He Xingxing , Wang Yufei , Bao Yuqian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsSerum adipocyte fatty acid‐binding protein (A‐FABP) is closely correlated to metabolic disorders such as obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a typical feature of IR in the liver. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between serum A‐FABP levels and NAFLD.MethodsThe study enrolled 728 subjects with normal glucose tolerance from communities. Serum A‐FABP levels were measured using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The liver fat content was assessed by ultrasonography. The fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated to quantify the degree of liver steatosis. The upper quartile of homoeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) in the total population was defined as IR. Adipose tissue insulin resistance (Adipo‐IR) was calculated to evaluate the impaired suppression of lipolysis in IR.ResultsSerum A‐FABP levels were significantly higher in subjects with NAFLD than in those without (P < 0.01). Moreover, subjects with IR had higher levels of A‐FABP than those without (P < 0.01). The proportion of IR or NAFLD and the levels of fasting free fatty acid (FFA) or Adipo‐IR displayed an upward trend as A‐FABP increased (P for trend < 0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, body fat, metabolic factors and liver enzymes, A‐FABP was independently correlated with NAFLD (P < 0.01). A‐FABP was a positive determinant of FLI (P = 0.006).ConclusionsSerum A‐FABP levels were significantly elevated in NAFLD patients among a population with normal glucose tolerance. Serum A‐FABP levels were independently correlated with NAFLD after adjusting for confounding factors.
A double‐blind randomized controlled trial to assess efficacy of bromocriptine in cirrhotic patients with hepatic parkinsonism
Authors: Sahney Amrish , Sharma Barjesh Chander , Jindal Ankur , Anand Lovkesh , Arora Vinod , Vijayaraghavan Rajan , Dhamija Ravinder Mohan , Kumar Guresh , Bhardwaj Ankit , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundParkinsonism like features can be seen in cirrhotics, possibly related to alterations in brain dopamine metabolism, transport and receptor integrity at basal ganglia. Hepatic parkinsonism is often not suspected and only ammonia‐reducing therapies are given to such patients. We investigated the efficacy and safety of bromocriptine, a dopaminergic agent, in patients with hepatic parkinsonism.Patients and MethodsCirrhotics were screened for the presence of extrapyramidal symptoms and were diagnosed as hepatic parkinsonism if any two of tremor, bradykinesia and/or rigidity were present, supported by MRI brain showing T1 hyperintensities in basal ganglia and substantia nigra. Patients were randomized to receive placebo (Gr A, n = 22) or bromocriptine (Gr B, n = 24) for 12 weeks. Complete, partial and non‐response were defined as 30%, 10%‐30% and <10% reduction,respectively, in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score.ResultsOf 1016 cirrhotics, 50 (4.9%) had hepatic parkinsonism. Patients in two treatment groups were comparable for MELD score, arterial NH3 and frequency of portosystemic shunts. Bromocriptine therapy for 12 weeks resulted in improvement in rigidity, tremors, bradykinesia and gait compared to placebo with complete and partial response in seven vs none (29.1%, 0%, P < 0.01) and 12 vs one (50%, 4.5%, P < 0.01) patients. Prolonged and more severe motor symptoms were associated with non‐response to bromocriptine therapy. There were no major side effects in either treatment group.ConclusionsHepatic parkinsonism is seen in ~5% cirrhotics. Bromocriptine is a safe and effective therapy for these patients and is more effective in mild to moderate hepatic parkinsonism.