bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐domain features for reducing false positives in automated detection of clustered microcalcifications in digital breast tomosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wu Shandong , Zhang Cheng , Chen Qian , Yang Xiaodong , Jiang Ke , Zheng Jian 
Published: January 2019

PurposeIn digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) imaging, a microcalcification (MC) cluster may span across different slices and blurring exists in the out‐of‐focus slices. We developed a radiomics approach to extract features from focus slice and combine multiple spatial domains to reduce false positives (FPs) in an automated pipeline of detecting MC clusters.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on a cohort of 290 Chinese women patients with a total of 580 DBT volumes. We developed an automated MC detection pipeline that consists of two stages: an initial detection to identify a set of MC candidates that may include many FPs, followed by a radiomics‐based classification model to identify and reduce the FPs. We extract both two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) radiomics features from multiple spatial domains, including a focus slice, projection image, and tomographic volume. A linear discriminant classifier was used coupled with a sequential forward feature selection procedure. The free‐response operating characteristics (FROC) curve and partial area under the FROC curve (pAUC) in the FP rate range of 0 to 2 per DBT volume were used to evaluate the model's performance.ResultsAt a sensitivity of 90%, the FP rate was reduced from 1.3 to 0.2 per DBT volume after applying the multi‐domain‐based classification on the initial detections. The multi‐domain yielded a significantly higher pAUC compared to the initial detection (increase of pAUC = 0.2278, P < 0.0001), focus slice (increase of pAUC = 0.0345, P = 0.0152), project image (increase of pAUC = 0.1043, P < 0.0001), and tomographic volume (increase of pAUC = 0.0791, P = 0.0032).ConclusionThe radiomic features extracted from the three domains may provide complementary information and their integration can significantly reduce FPs in automated detection of MCs in DBT volumes on a large Chinese women population.
Improved synthesis on solid phase of dithiocarbamic cRGD‐derivative and 99mTc‐radiolabelling
Authors: Caporale Andrea , Bolzati Cristina , Incisivo Giuseppina Maria , Salvarese Nicola , Grieco Paolo , Ruvo Menotti 
Published: January 2019

In the field of angiogenesis, small cyclic pentapeptides containing the RGD motif are playing a relevant role for their high affinity and specificity for integrin receptors and for the possibility to act at both therapeutic and diagnostic level by inhibiting pathological angiogenesis and by serving as shuttles to deliver imaging‐probe including SPECT/PET radionuclides to specific tissues.In the last decade, several new protocols were reported in literature for the direct synthesis of cyclic RDG either in solution or by SPPS. Here, we have elaborated and tested some alternative approaches using different resins and different protective groups. The introduction of the dithiocarbamate function, useful to complex radio‐metals suitable for nuclear medicine applications, has also been considered and achieved.
Surface Modification of KF Immobilized on Spherical Magnetite Nanoparticle with CTAB for Glycerol Carbonate Production
Authors: Zhu Mengnan , Yue Chengguang , Zhang Pingbo , Fan Mingming , Jiang Pingping , Dong Yuming , Sun Wenjuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCatalytic transesterification, with high conversion and selectivity, promoted by supported KF in glycerol and dimethyl carbonate under mild condition, is reported. In the present study, KF immobilized on hydroxyapatite encapsulated spherical γ‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized and the catalyst was modified on the surface with CTAB. KF/HAP‐γ‐Fe2O3 was characterized by a series of techniques including CO2‐TPD, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, VSM, FTIR and the contact angle measurement of glycerol. It was demonstrated that the use of CTAB improved the surface wettability of the catalyst and facilitated the contact of the catalyst with the reactants. KF/HAP‐γ‐Fe2O3 exhibited highly efficient catalytic activity with 97.5% yield. With magnetism, the solid base catalyst was easily recovered and reused for five times without significant loss of activity (up to 90%) for the transesterification reaction.
Ciprofloxacin‐Loaded Ceramic/Polymer Composite Coatings on Ti with Improved Antibacterial and Corrosion Resistance Properties for Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Sasireka Asokan , Rajendran Renji , Priya Palanisamy , Raj Vairamuthu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPast few decades witnessed the upcoming of osteomyelitis which is a challenging infectious bone disease. Complications related to this infection is encountered by local drug delivery via orthopedic surgery. In this work, TiO2‐SiO2 based bioceramics coatings were fabricated on Ti alloy by anodization method using sulphuric acid and Sodium silicofluoride (SSF) as an electrolyte. Plasma polymerized ethylenediamine (PPEDA) thin film deposited on composites by inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition and followed by ciprofloxacin were used as a model drug by electrodeposition method. The resultant coatings were characterized by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDAX and AFM techniques. The mechanical behavior of the composite coatings was evaluated using thickness and hardness tester and electrochemical properties were studied in Ringer's solution. Similarly, CIP@PPEDA/TiO2‐SiO2 composite coating on Ti alloy shows good corrosion resistance and better antibacterial efficacy as well as L929 fibroblast cell line, which exhibited a high cell adhesion and high cell viability compared than TiO2‐SiO2 and PPEDA/TiO2‐SiO2 coatings. All these results suggest that, this newly developed composite coating exhibits superior bioactivity and improved anticorrosion performance on Ti specimen and can be a potential candidate for orthopedic applications.
The early history of Annonaceae (Magnoliales) in Southeast Asia suggests floristic exchange between India and Pan‐Indochina by the late Oligocene
Authors: Li Qijia , Shi Gongle , Liu Yusheng , Fu Qiongyao , Jin Jianhua , Quan Cheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe collision between India and Eurasia in the mid‐Palaeogene facilitated terrestrial floristic exchange. However, due to the complexity of this geological event and scarcity of fossil record, the plant migration patterns between the two plates are still highly debated. In this study, we focus on the Oligocene floristic exchange between India and Pan‐Indochina mainly based on a carpological study of Annonaceae, an emblematic family unique in its pantropical distribution and frugivore‐based dispersal strategy. A new seed species, Anonaspermum orientalis sp. nov., is described from the upper Oligocene Yongning Formation of Guangxi, southern China. The species represents the earliest known occurrence of this family in Pan‐Indochina. The specimens are characterized by ovate–elliptic seed shape, thicker seed testa, two‐lobed organization, lamelliform rumination and an obvious cone‐like plug. The palaeobiogeographical reconstruction of Annonaceae indicates that the most parsimonious dispersal scenario for the annonaceous taxon from the late Oligocene of China is the Out‐of‐India route, in parallel with other plant genera inferred to have migrated between India and Pan‐Indochina during that period.
International capital asset pricing model: the case of asymmetric information and short-sale
Authors: Bellalah Makram , Dammak Fredj Amine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe develop an international capital asset pricing model in the presence of shadow costs of incomplete information and short sales. Our model shows the direct effect of exchange rate risk, information costs and short sales costs on asset prices. At equilibrium, this model gives an explicit expression of two systematic risk premium. The first one is linked to the exchange rate. The second one is related to international market risk. Our model explains in part the well-known home bias equity by market segmentation. This model, which is proposed for the first time in the literature, can be seen as an international version of Wu et al. (Rev Quant Finance Account 7:119–136, 1996) and Merton (J Finance 42:483–511, 1987) models of capital market equilibrium in international markets. Our analysis shows that the dispersion in beliefs increases the market inefficiency, and that short sale constraints can reduce the cost of ignorance and the magnitude of the home bias equity. Our model provides an operational approach in asset pricing to take account of previous important costs.
“Portray cultures other than ours”: How children’s literature is being used to support the diversity goals of the Australian Early Years Learning Framework
Authors: Adam Helen , Barratt-Pugh Caroline , Haig Yvonne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCatering for diversity within birth to 5-year-old settings continues to be an on-going concern for policy makers and educators worldwide. This research contributes to discussion on the value of children’s literature in achieving international principles of diversity and, in particular, the Principles, Practice and Outcomes outlined in the Australian Early Years Learning Framework. The article considers the selection and use of children’s literature related to diversity, as well as what influences these processes. Seventeen educators from five long day care centres located in or near the Perth metropolitan area participated in the study. Data were drawn from interviews and a book audit. The findings revealed educators had limited understandings of the role of literature in acknowledging and valuing diversity and rarely used it to promote the diversity-related outcomes of the EYLF. The key challenges which emerged from the findings concerned beliefs of educators, professional learning and the application of the EYLF in practice.
Maternal dyslipidaemic diet induces sex-specific alterations in intestinal function and lipid metabolism in rat offspring
Authors: Pinheiro Rafael Oliveira , Lins Priscilla Paulo , de Carvalho Jader Luciano Pinto , de Araújo Emmanuel Veríssimo , Alves Adriano Francisco , de Alencar Pereira Ramon , Toscano Lydiane Tavares , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , de Souza Evandro Leite , de Brito Alves José Luiz , de Souza Aquino Jailane 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of a maternal dyslipidaemic (DLP) diet on lipid metabolism, microbial counts in faeces and hepatic and intestinal morphology in rat offspring with respect to sex during different phases of life. Wistar rats (dams) were fed a control (CTL) or DLP during gestation and lactation. After weaning, CTL and DLP offspring were fed a standard diet. The effects of a maternal DLP on body composition, biochemical parameters, faecal microbiota and intestinal and hepatic histomorphometric characteristics in rat offspring were evaluated at 30 and 90 d of age. The DLP diet during gestation and lactation caused lower birth weight and a greater weight gain percentage at the end of the 90-d period in both male and female offspring. Female pups from DLP dams had higher liver fat levels compared with CTL (P≤0·001) at 90 d of age. Males from DLP dams had greater visceral fat weight and lowerLactobacillusspp. faecal counts at 90 d of age (P≤0·001) as well as lower faecal fat excretion (P≤0·05) andBacteroidesspp. faecal counts (P≤0·001) at 30 d of age when compared with pups from CTL dams. However, both dams and DLP pups showed damage to intestinal villi. A maternal DLP alters intestinal function and lipid metabolism in a sex-specific manner and is a potential predisposing factor for health complications in offspring from the juvenile period to the adult period.
Reviewing the reablement approach to caring for older people
Authors: Doh Daniel , Smith Ricki , Gevers Paula 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper we tell of our critical review of reablement – an emerging global practice model in community- and home-based care for older people. Whereas the reablement approach is gaining global acceptance, there are questions and concerns among researchers and policy makers about what reablement means and how it is used in practice. We examined the literature on reablement between 2005 and 2017 using clearly defined inclusion criteria. We focused on identifying within authors’ accounts its essential features and how it is practised. In our examination of conceptualisation, we found nine essential features of reablement, the most predominant being the wish to improve the functionality of clients so they can continue to live in their own homes. Of course, we found variability in policy and geographic contexts, but we were not perturbed by this. Rather, we found the under-representation of social connectivity for clients to be regrettable. We constructed a typology of four theoretical types of reablement to help us reflect on the current state of research and practice, and we tentatively offer this for the consideration of the research, practice and policy communities.
Upscaling urban data science for global climate solutions
Authors: Creutzig Felix , Lohrey Steffen , Bai Xuemei , Baklanov Alexander , Dawson Richard , Dhakal Shobhakar , Lamb William F. , McPhearson Timon , Minx Jan , Munoz Esteban , Walsh Brenna 
Published: January 2019

Non-technical summaryManhattan, Berlin and New Delhi all need to take action to adapt to climate change and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While case studies on these cities provide valuable insights, comparability and scalability remain sidelined. It is therefore timely to review the state-of-the-art in data infrastructures, including earth observations, social media data, and how they could be better integrated to advance climate change science in cities and urban areas. We present three routes for expanding knowledge on global urban areas: mainstreaming data collections, amplifying the use of big data and taking further advantage of computational methods to analyse qualitative data to gain new insights. These data-based approaches have the potential to upscale urban climate solutions and effect change at the global scale.
Überprüfung der Gütekriterien der deutschen Version der Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in einer klinischen und einer Schülerstichprobe Jugendlicher
Authors: Gutzweiler Raphael , In-Albon Tina 
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Viele psychische Störungen gehen mit Emotionsregulationsdefiziten einher. Fragestellung: Ziel ist die Überprüfung der Gütekriterien der deutschsprachigen Übersetzung der Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) bei Jugendlichen. Methode: Die DERS und weitere Fragebögen zur Validierung wurden in einer Schülerstichprobe von 324 Jugendlichen ( M = 15.15 Jahre, SD = 1.14, 57 % weiblich) und einer klinischen Stichprobe von 97 Jugendlichen ( M = 16.25 Jahre, SD = 1.28, 83 % weiblich) erhoben. Die Faktorenstruktur wurde mit einer Konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalyse und dem ESEM-Ansatz (Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling) überprüft. Ergebnisse: Die Reliabilität der DERS war in der Schülerstichprobe und in der klinischen Stichprobe sehr gut. Der ESEM-Ansatz ergab eine Sechs-Faktoren-Lösung mit einem zusätzlichen Methodenfaktor. Schlussfolgerungen: Zusammengefasst zeigt sich die DERS als ein geeignetes Verfahren zur Erfassung von Emotionsregulationsschwierigkeiten bei Jugendlichen.
Is Shallow Convection Sensitive to Environmental Heterogeneities?
Authors: Kurowski Marcin J. , Suselj Kay , Grabowski Wojciech W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe key assumption underlying convection parameterizations is that rising plumes develop in a horizontally homogeneous environment. With this in mind, we investigate the impact of environmental cloud layer heterogeneities on shallow convection using large‐eddy simulation that applies a driver‐piggybacker methodology. In this approach, two independent sets of thermodynamic variables (primary and secondary) are driven by one dynamics (coupled with the driver) to remove the impact of internal variability of the dynamical system considered. The two thermodynamic sets include either a realistic heterogeneous environment or an environment that is homogenized outside clouds. The key is that homogenization also excludes subsiding shells surrounding cumulus clouds. The results show a small impact of the homogenization on cloud field properties. The physical explanation highlights the role of the subsiding shell shielding a shallow cumulus cloud from its environment.
Paleogeotherms of a Midcrustal to Upper‐Crustal Profile Across the Northern North China Block: Implications for the Thermal Structure of Continental Arcs
Authors: Zhang Shuan‐Hong , Zhao Yue , Pei Jun‐Ling , Zhang Qi‐Qi , Miggins Daniel P. , Koppers Anthony A. P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Inner Mongolia Paleo‐uplift along the northern margin of the North China Block represents an exhumed midcrustal to upper‐crustal root of a Late Carboniferous‐Permian Andean‐type continental arc. Here we present the new zircon U‐Pb and hornblende/biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages of seven samples from the exhumed midcrustal to upper‐crustal basement rocks and arc plutons across the northern North China arc, with an aim to examine the thermal structure and paleogeothermal gradients of the arc and its retroarc foreland basin. Our results indicate that the midcrust to upper crust (approx. 14 to 19‐km depth) beneath the northern North China arc remained warm (>530 °C) during arc construction at 320–260 Ma and the average paleogeothermal gradients in midcrustal to upper‐crustal levels in the central part of the arc are 37.0–44.5 °C/km. This warm continental crust and high paleogeothermal gradients resulted in widespread thermal disturbance of the Archean‐Paleoproterozoic basement rocks and slow cooling rates of arc batholiths and may have played dominant roles in the deformation and crustal thickening of the North China arc and other continental arcs around the world. In contrast, the midcrust to upper crust beneath the retroarc foreland basin remained cold (<280 °C) during arc construction, and the average paleogeothermal gradients in midcrustal to upper‐crustal levels are <21.5 °C/km. Our results also show that the average paleogeothermal gradients in midcrustal to upper‐crustal levels during arc construction decrease significantly from the central part to the southern margin of the arc, which was most likely related to the northward migration of the continental arc due to the rollback of the Paleo‐Asian oceanic slab.
Highly twisted supercoils for superelastic multi-functional fibres
Authors: Son Wonkyeong , Chun Sungwoo , Lee Jae Myeong , Lee Yourack , Park Jeongmin , Suh Dongseok , Lee Duck Weon , Jung Hachul , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Younghoon , Jeong Soon Moon , Lim Sang Kyoo , Choi Changsoon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHighly deformable and electrically conductive fibres with multiple functionalities may be useful for diverse applications. Here we report on a supercoil structure (i.e. coiling of a coil) of fibres fabricated by inserting a giant twist into spandex-core fibres wrapped in a carbon nanotube sheath. The resulting supercoiled fibres show a highly ordered and compact structure along the fibre direction, which can sustain up to 1,500% elastic deformation. The supercoiled fibre exhibits an increase in resistance of 4.2% for stretching of 1,000% when overcoated by a passivation layer. Moreover, by incorporating pseudocapacitive-active materials, we demonstrate the existence of superelastic supercapacitors with high linear and areal capacitance values of 21.7 mF cm-1and 92.1 mF cm-2, respectively, that can be reversibly stretched by 1,000% without significant capacitance loss. The supercoiled fibre can also function as an electrothermal artificial muscle, contracting 4.2% (percentage of loaded fibre length) when 0.45 V mm-1is applied.
Loss-of-function mutations in QRICH2 cause male infertility with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella
Authors: Shen Ying , Zhang Feng , Li Fuping , Jiang Xiaohui , Yang Yihong , Li Xiaoliang , Li Weiyu , Wang Xiang , Cheng Juan , Liu Mohan , Zhang Xueguang , Yuan Guiping , Pei Xue , Cai Kailai , Hu Fengyun , Sun Jianfeng , Yan Lanzhen , Tang Li , Jiang Chuan , Tu Wenling , Xu Jinyan , Wu Haojuan , Kong Weiqi , Li Shuying , Wang Ke , Sheng Kai , Zhao Xudong , Yue Huanxun , Yang Xiaoyu , Xu Wenming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAberrant sperm flagella impair sperm motility and cause male infertility, yet the genes which have been identified in multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) can only explain the pathogenic mechanisms of MMAF in a small number of cases. Here, we identify and functionally characterize homozygous loss-of-function mutations of QRICH2 in two infertile males with MMAF from two consanguineous families. Remarkably, Qrich2 knock-out (KO) male mice constructed by CRISPR-Cas9 technology present MMAF phenotypes and sterility. To elucidate the mechanisms of Qrich2 functioning in sperm flagellar formation, we perform proteomic analysis on the testes of KO and wild-type mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicate that QRICH2 is involved in sperm flagellar development through stabilizing and enhancing the expression of proteins related to flagellar development. Our findings strongly suggest that the genetic mutations of human QRICH2 can lead to male infertility with MMAF and that QRICH2 is essential for sperm flagellar formation.
Structure of the error-prone DNA ligase of African swine fever virus identifies critical active site residues
Authors: Chen Yiqing , Liu Hehua , Yang Chun , Gao Yanqing , Yu Xiang , Chen Xi , Cui Ruixue , Zheng Lina , Li Suhua , Li Xuhang , Ma Jinbiao , Huang Zhen , Li Jixi , Gan Jianhua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is contagious and can cause highly lethal disease in pigs. ASFV DNA ligase (AsfvLIG) is one of the most error-prone ligases identified to date; it catalyzes DNA joining reaction during DNA repair process of ASFV and plays important roles in mutagenesis of the viral genome. Here, we report four AsfvLIG:DNA complex structures and demonstrate that AsfvLIG has a unique N-terminal domain (NTD) that plays critical roles in substrate binding and catalytic complex assembly. In combination with mutagenesis, in vitro binding and catalytic assays, our study reveals that four unique active site residues (Asn153 and Leu211 of the AD domain; Leu402 and Gln403 of the OB domain) are crucial for the catalytic efficiency of AsfvLIG. These unique structural features can serve as potential targets for small molecule design, which could impair genome repair in ASFV and help combat this virus in the future.