bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Histological Study on the Effect of Different Methods of Mobile Phone Exposure on the Hippocampus in Adult Male Albino Rat
Authors: Ali Moussa Nourhan Ahmad , Rahim Mohamed Farrag Kawther Abd Al , Kostandy Kalleny Nagwa , Hamam Ghada Galal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Using mobile phones has dramatically increased in the last few years. Mobile phones are carried mainly near the head during talking. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted from cell phones may exert detrimental effects on human organs especially hippocampus which is an important organ concerned with memory and cognitive function.

Aim
To study the effect of different methods of mobile phone EMF exposure on the structure of hippocampus in adult male rats.

Materials and Methods
28 adult male albino Wistar rats were equally divided into four groups: Group I (Control): were left without any interference. Group II (silent non-vibrating): exposed to continuous 900-1800 megahertz cell phone- emitted EMF for 60 minutes/day, for four weeks. Mobile phones were kept in silent, non-vibrating mode. Group III (silent vibrating): exposed to EMF as in group II, but with mobile phones kept in vibrating mode. Group IV (ringing non- vibrating): exposed to EMF as in group II, but with ringtone turned on and adjusted at 80 decibels. After four weeks of exposure, hippocampi were harvested form all rats. They were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin, toluidine blue, Caspase-3, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemical stain as well as transmission electron microscopic examination. Morphometric and statistical studies were also done.

Results
pyramidal cells in CA3 area of Group IV (ringing non-vibrating) showed condensed chromatin clumps, distorted mitochondria, and clumped neurofilaments. A significant decrease in the mean thickness of the pyramidal cell layer of the CA3 area was noticed compared to other groups. While a significant increase in the mean number of degenerated pyramidal cells, number of caspase-3 positive cells as well as number of astrocytes was noticed in CA3 area of group IV compared to other groups. A significant increase in the mean optical density of caspase-3 and GFAP was also noticed in CA3 of group IV compared to other groups.

Conclusions
Exposure to EMF caused significant changes in the structure of hippocampus especially CA3 area. There was no significant difference between silent and vibrating mode. The worst changes were detected in ringing mode.
Histological Study of the Protective Effect of CoQ10 on Aluminium Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Adult Male Albino Rats' Hippocampus
Authors: El-Aziz Ibrahim Shalaan Salma Osama Abd , Shaker Mohammed Safaa Mohammed , EL-Din Aly EL-Waseef Dalia Alaa , Hasan Reda Ahmed Hasan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline associated with memory loss and dementia. Oxidative stress has a role as a cause of AD. Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) is a powerful antioxidant that buffers the potential adverse consequences of free radicals.

Aim of the Work
to detect the protective effect of CoQ10 on aluminium chloride-induced Alzheimer’s disease in albino rats’ hippocampus histologically.

Materials and Methods
Thirty-six adult male albino rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into four groups. Group I (control group) included 15 rats. Group II included 7 rats that were given CoQ10 dissolved in corn oil, at a dose of (200 mg/kg/day, by oral gavage) for 6 weeks. Group III included 7 rats that were received AlCl3 dissolved in distilled water, at a dose of (100 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) for 6 weeks. Group IV included 7 rats that were given AlCl3 along with CoQ10 for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, brains were excised and processed for light microscopic examination. Morphometrical measurements and statistical analysis were performed.

Results
Group III revealed many structural changes, such as disarrangement of the pyramidal cell layer in areas of the Cornu Ammonis of the hippocampus proper, which also exhibited deeply stained nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm that were the same for granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). CoQ10 administration ameliorated these histological alterations.

Conclusion
CoQ10 has a protective effect on AD induced by AlCl3 in rats.
Association between Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Egyptian People
Authors: Abdelaziz Mahmoud Hossam Eldin , Mohamed Morsy Manal Sabry , Naguib Amer Ahmed Mohamed , Mahmoud Badr Amina Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly becoming a major health burden. Due to the difficulty of liver biopsy, there is no reliable indicator to evaluate the outcomes of NAFLD. The triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index is a simple and convenient marker of insulin resistance for use in medical practice.

Aim and Objectives
To examine the association between triglyceride-glucose index and hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a sample of Egyptian adults.

Subjects and Methods
This was Observational prospective study, was conducted at Al Sahel Teaching Hospital, Gastroenterology and hepatology “outpatient clinic”, on 100 supjects divided after history, labs and ultrasound to 50 case with NAFLD and 50 healthy control, from January 2022 to July 2022.

Result
There were significant difference between both groups as regard Fasting blood sugar, TGS and TyG-index.

Conclusion
The TyG index is an independent risk factor for hepatic steatosis and the presence of liver fibrosis in participants with NAFLD. Compared with other IR markers, the TyG index is easy to calculate, and the testing cost is inexpensive.
Galectin 3 and Transient Elastography as Noninvasive Methods to Assess Liver Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients
Authors: Ibrahim Asmaa Asem , Bayoumi Essam Mohamed , Khayyal Ahmed El Saady , Anwar Christina Alphons 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition defined by excessive fat accumulation in the liver. It is one of the most common and emerging problems worldwide which is estimated to be approximately 20% -30% in the general population. The pathogenesis is multifactor, including dietary factors, insulin resistance, adipokines, innate and adaptive immunity.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate serum level of Galectin 3 and Transient Elastography as Noninvasive Methods to assess Liver Fibrosis in patient with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Patients and Methods
This was an observational prospective cross sectional study that was conducted on 150 patients with NAFLD, who had risk factors including hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus with NAFLD, who were attending or admitted to Hepatology unit, Ain Shams University Hospital and Bani Suef General Hospital. In this study, diagnosis was based on abdominal ultrasonic findings including increased echogenicity, loss of definition of the diaphragm, and blurring of vascular margins. This work was carried out in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. An informed written consent was obtained from the patients before enrollment in the study. The consent was taken in a separate room to ensure confidentiality. The study sought approval from the Ethics Review Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University by written consent.

Results
In our study we found that there no statistically significant difference between studied groups regarding BMI. In our study we found that regarding comorbidities, there was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups according to hypertension while there was statistically significant difference according to DM with higher prevalence among NAFL group. In our study we found that regarding lipid profile between the studied groups, there was high statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding cholesterol and TAG.

Conclusion
We revealed that there was highly statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding cholesterol, TAG AST, ALT, serum creatine hemoglobin and platelet. Also, we found that non-invasive elastography is beneficial in the diagnosis and assessment of NAFLD when compared to the gold standard, transient hepatic elastography presented the best performance for the diagnosis and exclusion of advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
The Value of PDGFRβ-Based Score in Predicting Liver Fibrosis Stage in Egyptian Patients with NAFLD and Viral Liver Disease
Authors: Hassan Basma M , Badawy Hanan M , Abo-Halima Ahmed Samir , Naguib Gina Gamal , Youssef Mohamed Gamal , Mohamed Marwa A 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Multiple therapeutic efforts have focused on Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor beta (PDGFRB) because of its association with hepatic stellate cell activation in liver fibrosis. Yet, its potential as a diagnostic tool is essentially unexplored.

Objective
This research was done to assess the value of the sPDGFRβ based-score in predicting liver fibrosis stages in Egyptian patients with NAFLD and viral liver disease in correlation with NAFLD fibrosis score and Fibro-scan.

Methods
In this case-control study, patients with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis related to viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were categorized according to the degree of fibrosis detected by Fibro-scan, and their circulating PDGFRB levels were compared. The diagnostic roles of PDGFRβ as an individual blood parameter or combined with other metabolic parameters were assessed and compared to previously validated clinical fibrosis scores Fib-4, APRI, and AST/ALT ratio in both groups of patients and to NAFLD fibrosis score in NAFLD patients.

Findings
Patients with advanced fibrosis showed the greatest rise in sPDGFRB compared to those with absent or mild fibrosis. Combining sPDGFRB-levels with platelet counts and albumin levels into a new diagnostic algorithm, the PRTA-score, improved the accuracy of sPDGFRB-levels in predicting fibrosis; the score generated a predictive value that was higher than Fib-4, APRI, and AST/ALT in NAFLD and viral liver disease, and higher than the NAFLD fibrosis score in the NAFLD group. Finally, we used case-control research to verify the diagnostic significance of sPDGFRB levels and the PRTA-score in identifying severe liver fibrosis in NAFLD and viral hepatitis.

Interpretation
This research concluded that patients with viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).may benefit from the PRTA-score since it is an effective method for diagnosing advanced liver fibrosis
Study of Serum Homocysteine Level in Cirrhotic Ascitic Patients as a New Diagnostic Marker for Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Ibrahim Elsais Belal Mohamed , Mohammed Khalid AbdElhamed , Ahmed Ahmed Elmetwally , Hashem Walaa Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
SBP is the commonest life-threatening infection encountered in cirrhotic patients with ascites. It accounts for more than half of all infections. The outpatient prevalence of SBP is 1.5–3.5% and exceeds 10% in hospitalized patients. The immune dysfunction in decompensated cirrhotic patients along with vulnerability of gut mucosa leading to translocation of bacteria and bacterial endotoxins from bowel lumen into ascitic fluid (AF) underlines the pathogenesis of SBP

Objective
This study is to assess the value and the accuracy of serum Homocysteine Level in cirrhotic ascitic patients as a new diagnostic marker for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Patients and Methods
This case control study was conducted on 60 cirrhotic patients recruited from the outpatient clinic and the ward of hepatology department of Ain Shams University Hospitals, during the period from January 2021 to August 2021

Results
This study was conducted in Ain Shams University ward and outpatient clinic of the Hepatology department. The study included 60 cirrhotic patients who were divided into 2 groups

Conclusion
Serum homocysteine level is elevated in cirrhotic patients with SBP. Serum homocysteine value of &gt; 15.73 μmol/l had a sensitivity of 85.93%, and specificity of 83.45% for diagnosis of SBP. Serum homocysteine is positively correlated with severity of liver disease.
Fatty Liver Disease and its Impaction on Insulin Resistance
Authors: Salib Hens Bishoy Malak , Latif Hatem Abdel , El-Gaaly Sonia Ahmed , Alfons Christina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves excess liver fat accumulation without specific causes like alcohol or viral infections, categorized into simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). While simple steatosis is generally stable, NASH is linked to progressive liver disease. Diagnosis excludes secondary causes, and NAFLD, marked by hepatocyte changes, inflammation, and fibrosis, may lead to severe complications. Strongly associated with insulin resistance in liver and adipose tissues, NAFLD disrupts glucose-insulin interplay, compromising insulin's regulatory functions and contributing to metabolic disorders and disease progression.

Aim of the Work
The aim of the study is to investigate fatty liver disease and evaluate its impact of on insulin resistance.

Patients and Methods
This cross-sectional study, conducted at Ain Shams University, focuses on adults with NAFLD to assess insulin resistance. Inclusion criteria involve fatty liver disease, impaired glucose tolerance, and informed consent, while exclusions include alcohol intake and hepatitis. Data collection comprises demographics, anthropometrics, metabolic syndrome assessment, ultrasound grading of steatosis, and laboratory tests for liver function, FIB-4 index, and insulin resistance using HOMA-IR. The study aims to understand the relationship between NAFLD and insulin resistance in a clinical setting.

Results
In this study of 98 patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), characterized by liver fat accumulation, insulin resistance (IR) was prevalent in 63.3%. The cases, predominantly females (52%), had mean age of 43 years, 50% were hypertensive, and 48% were diabetic. IR was directly related to age, and its prevalence was significantly higher in patients with diabetes and hypertension. IR correlated positively with body weight, BMI, ALT, AST, FIB-4, TG, and cholesterol. Fatty liver grading showed a significant association with IR, particularly in grade 2 cases. The optimal HOMA-IR cutoff for distinguishing between grade I and II fatty liver was &gt;2.56, with high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (88.73%). These findings emphasize the intricate relationship between NAFLD, IR, and associated metabolic factors.

Conclusion
The study established a robust link between insulin resistance (IR) and Non- alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), noting a 63.3% prevalence of IR in the subjects. Employing HOMA-IR, a cutoff point &gt;2.56 effectively differentiated between NAFLD grades I and II, demonstrating 100% sensitivity, 88.73% specificity, and a remarkable AUC of 98. This underscores HOMA-IR's valuable role in identifying and stratifying NAFLD, especially in individuals with diabetes.
Assessment of Pro Collagen III as Non Invasive Biomarker for Diagnosis of Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Ahmed Ashoush Esam Abdel-aty , Badawy Hanan Mahmoud , Allam Ahmed Samir , Galal Salah Sharawy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD is considered to represent the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. NAFLD was traditionally considered as a relatively benign liver disease. However, some patients with NAFLD progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, the precise diagnosis and staging of NAFLD patients is clinically important. Liver biopsy is the current gold standard in diagnosis and prognosis. Because of poor patient acceptance of this invasive standard technique and Significant sampling variability of routine liver biopsy in patients with NAFLD, there is an urgent need for reliable, accurate, and non- or minimally invasive biomarker.

Aim of the Work
Assess the performance of Pro Collagen III As a NASH-Fibrosis biomarker within the best diagnostic context of use in comparison with FIB-4

Patients and Methods
this study is a Case control study. Gastroenterology and Hepatology outpatient clinic at Damas centre for liver and GIT. 6 months from August 2022 to January 2023. This study will be performed on 56 Egyptian patients who are ≥18years of age and are overweight with Body Mass Index ≥ 25 and diagnosed with NAFLD by US.

Results
As regard age; there is no significant difference between NAFL and NASH groups. As regard sex; there is no significant difference between NAFL and NASH groups. The mean BMI was significant higher in NASH group than NAFLD group. Patients with NASH have relatively low platelet count in comparison with NAFLD patients. Patients with NASH has Higher AST & ALT levels than NAFLD patients. FIB-4 was higher in NASH group than NAFLD group. Pro Collagen III level was higher in patients with NASH than Patients with NAFLD. Pro Collagen III was a significant discriminator of NAFLD & NASH. Pro Collagen III correlates with the grades of histological steatohepatitis, and stage of fibrosis. Pro Collagen III can diagnose steatohepatitis at cut-off 9.57 with sensitivity & specificity was 92.9 & 92.9 respectively.

Conclusion
Pro Collagen III is a sensitive biomarker to discriminate between NAFLD & NASH. Pro Collagen III level correlate positively with BMI, AST & ALT. Pro Collagen III level correlate with grades of histological steatohepatitis, and grades of fibrosis.
Serum Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Ahmed Eman El-Sayed , El-Sayed Hoda Mohamed , Salem Lamyaa , Fouad Haidy Ahmed , ElKady Hossam Moustafa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a rapidly growing global health problem. Persistent hyperglycemia in uncontrolled DM can cause several complications including diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. The prognostic value of serum soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator (suPAR) levels across diseases positions suPAR as a new promising inflammatory biomarker. Elevated suPAR levels are strongly associated with decline in kidney function.

Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic value of suPAR in patients with DM and its capacity as a biomarker for renal impairment severity.

Patients and Methods
This study included 180 subjects divided into 2 age and gender matched groups; the first group consisted of 140 diabetic patients and the second group consisted of 40 apparently healthy controls. Serum urokinase plasminogen activator receptor was measured for all subjects

Results
SuPAR showed significantly higher values among patients with DN when compared with those without DN. There was a statistically significant positive correlation found between suPAR level and albumin/creatinine ratio and serum creatinine level in all diabetic patients. There was a statistically significant negative correlation found between suPAR level and eGFR in all diabetic patients.

Conclusion
In conclusion, suPAR appears to be a promising biomarker, indicating early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in patients with DM.
Liver Fatty Acid-Binding Protein as a Diagnostic Marker for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Mohamed Maha Mohsen , Mohamed Manal Sabry , Salama Mohamed Magdy , Ahmed Ghada Abdelrahman , Hassan Hassan Mokhtar , George Tari Magdy Aziz 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and represents a spectrum of diseases with some patients developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are a family of small and highly conserved lipid chaperone molecules with highly varied functions. Different members of the FABP family exhibit unique patterns of tissue expression and are expressed most abundantly in tissues involved in active lipid metabolism in hepatocytes, adipocytes and cardiac myocytes, where fatty acids are prominent substrates for lipid biosynthesis, storage or breakdown, the respective FABPs make up between 1% and 5% of all soluble cytosolic proteins. In the hepatic lobule, L-FABP is expressed in hepatocytes in a declining gradient from portal to central location. L-FABP is a protein involved in multiple biologic functions, such as intracellular fatty acid transport, cholesterol and phospholopid metabolism, which plays an important facilitative role in hepatic fatty acid oxidation. Some studies reported that L-FABP level is increased in NAFLD. Therefore, it is preferable to use effective noninvasive methods in clinical practice for identifying NAFLD, tracking disease processes, and monitoring treatment effects. Many studies demonstrated that serological markers are beneficial as noninvasive tools for diagnosis of NAFLD. This study was conducted to determine whether serum L-FABP has a diagnostic value as a marker for NAFLD.

Patients and Methods
We enrolled in this study 80 consecutive patients with NAFLD who were diagnosed with Ultrasonography and Fibroscan with CAP. The control group consisted of 20 healthy control subjects matched for age and gender. Serum levels of L-FABP were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
L-FABP levels in NAFLD patients were higher than in the control group (p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Serum L-FABP could be considered as a reliable non-invasive marker for detection of NAFLD.
Role of Beta-D-Glucan in the Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Hematological Malignancies
Authors: Hashem Heba Ezzat , Attia Mohamed Hamdy , Abdou Dina Mohamed , El Wahed Hasan Esam Abd 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are important causes of high morbidity and mortality rates among immunocompromised patients with special consideration on patients with hematological malignancies (HMs), Establishing the diagnosis of IFIs in immunocompromised patients is challenging due to nonspecific clinical presentations and the limited sensitivity of traditional culture-based methods. Rapid non-culture-based diagnostics such as 1,3- beta-D-glucan (BDG) assay have emerged as promising adjuncts to conventional diagnostic modalities, The aim of this work is to determine the diagnostic performance of beta-D-glucan (BDG) as an adjunct diagnostic strategy for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in patients with hematological. malignancies (HMs).

Methods
Fifty-one patients were enrolled from hemato-oncology department - Ain Shams University Hospital during the period from May 2022 till April 2023, enrolled subjects were classified into healthy controls (n = 13), pathological controls (n = 13), and cases group (n = 25), patients were subjected for BDG test, CBC with differential count, highly sensitive-CRP, and Microbiological cultures and/or Histopathological examination.

Results
at cut off 187.21 pg/ ml the maximum efficacy of BDG test was achieved concerning the cases versus the total controls with sensitivity 84%, specificity 84.6%, NPV 84.6%, PPV 84% and efficacy 84.3%.

conclusion
Detection of BDG antigen can be a valuable diagnostic modality if used in the proper clinical setting (i.e., immunosuppressed, neutropenic patients and patients with HMs) by a provider knowledgeable of both the advantages and limitations of the test being tailored to each individual patient for best clinical judgement.