bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The natural phytochemical trans‐communic acid inhibits cellular senescence and pigmentation through FoxO3a activation
Authors: Kim Juewon , Kang Young‐Gyu , Choi Dong‐hwa , Cho Young‐uk , Cho Si‐young , Choi Hyunjung , Kim Hyoung‐June 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAgeing is characterized by the accumulation of chronic and irreversible oxidative damage, chronic inflammation and organ dysfunction. To attenuate these ageing‐related changes, various natural phytochemicals are often applied. Trans‐communic acid (TCA), an active component of brown pine leaf extract, has antimicrobial and cancer chemopreventive activity and inhibits ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced MMP‐1 expression. To determine whether the phytochemical TCA could affect the lifespan of an ageing model, Caenorhabditis elegans prevent ageing‐related phenotypes of the skin. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) wild‐type N2 and mutant strains were used in this study to explore the lifespan extension effect of TCA and its mechanism. We estimated lipofuscin accumulation and melanin levels, which are closely associated with skin senescence. Moreover, we explored the mechanism of action associated with ageing attenuation. We performed oxidative stress resistance and thermotolerance assays in C. elegans and surface plasmon resonance analysis of TCA binding with the forkhead box‐O3a (FoxO3a) protein. TCA, which is the active component in Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora), attenuated ageing‐related changes in skin cells. TCA lowered lipofuscin accumulation in fibroblasts and decreased melanin levels in melanocytes. These protective effects were mediated by activation of the representative longevity gene FoxO3a, which was induced by direct binding with TCA. Interestingly, TCA extended the lifespan of C. elegans, although it did not affect stress resistance, oxidative stress or thermotolerance. These results strongly suggest that TCA prevents the senescent phenotype of model organisms and exhibits beneficial effects on ageing‐related skin phenotypes through direct FoxO3a activation.
The impact of multilateral trading facilities on price discovery: Further evidence from the European markets
Authors: Buckle Mike , Chen Jing , Guo Qian , Li Xiaoxi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examines relative price discovery for three major European indices, FTSE, CAC, and DAX, their futures and exchange traded funds (ETFs) using the data on 5‐minute intraday transaction prices over a four‐year period. We computed both Hasbrouck (1995) information share with error bounds and Gonzalo and Granger's (1995) common factor weights approach. Gonzalo and Granger's (1995) common factor weights suggest the index futures contracts play a dominant role in price discovery in the CAC market: the CAC 40 index futures lead the price discovery and Lyxor CAC 40 ETFs serving the second resort for information transmission. This could be due to the less frequent trading of ETFs. More importantly, CAC40 under the Gonzalo & Granger (1995) test shows upper and lower error bounds in good range may be the main reason to drive for the meaningful results. In contrast, the upper and lower bounds estimated from the Hasbrouck (1995) are far distant for most cases. Finally, FTSE and DAX markets offer compelling evidence to show that ETFs lead price discovery and spots and futures follows.
Effect of land‐use and land‐cover change on mangrove blue carbon: A systematic review
Authors: Sasmito Sigit D. , Taillardat Pierre , Clendenning Jessica N. , Cameron Clint , Friess Daniel A. , Murdiyarso Daniel , Hutley Lindsay B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMangroves shift from carbon sinks to sources when affected by anthropogenic land‐use and land‐cover change (LULCC). Yet, the magnitude and temporal scale of these impacts are largely unknown. We undertook a systematic review to examine the influence of LULCC on mangrove carbon stocks and soil greenhouse gas (GHG) effluxes. A search of 478 data points from the peer‐reviewed literature revealed a substantial reduction of biomass (82% ± 35%) and soil (54% ± 13%) carbon stocks due to LULCC. The relative loss depended on LULCC type, time since LULCC and geographical and climatic conditions of sites. We also observed that the loss of soil carbon stocks was linked to the decreased soil carbon content and increased soil bulk density over the first 100 cm depth. We found no significant effect of LULCC on soil GHG effluxes. Regeneration efforts (i.e. restoration, rehabilitation and afforestation) led to biomass recovery after ~40 years. However, we found no clear patterns of mangrove soil carbon stock re‐establishment following biomass recovery. Our findings suggest that regeneration may help restore carbon stocks back to pre‐disturbed levels over decadal to century time scales only, with a faster rate for biomass recovery than for soil carbon stocks. Therefore, improved mangrove ecosystem management by preventing further LULCC and promoting rehabilitation is fundamental for effective climate change mitigation policy.
How eddy covariance flux measurements have contributed to our understanding of Global Change Biology
Authors: Baldocchi Dennis D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA global network of long‐term carbon and water flux measurements has existed since the late 1990s. With its representative sampling of the terrestrial biosphere's climate and ecological spaces, this network is providing background information and direct measurements on how ecosystem metabolism responds to environmental and biological forcings and how they may be changing in a warmer world with more carbon dioxide. In this review, I explore how carbon and water fluxes of the world's ecosystem are responding to a suite of covarying environmental factors, like sunlight, temperature, soil moisture, and carbon dioxide. I also report on how coupled carbon and water fluxes are modulated by biological and ecological factors such as phenology and a suite of structural and functional properties. And, I investigate whether long‐term trends in carbon and water fluxes are emerging in various ecological and climate spaces and the degree to which they may be driven by physical and biological forcings. As a growing number of time series extend up to 20 years in duration, we are at the verge of capturing ecosystem scale trends in the breathing of a changing biosphere. Consequently, flux measurements need to continue to report on future conditions and responses and assess the efficacy of natural climate solutions.
Species' range model metadata standards: RMMS
Authors: Merow Cory , Maitner Brian S. , Owens Hannah L. , Kass Jamie M. , Enquist Brian J. , Jetz Walter , Guralnick Rob 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe geographic range and ecological niche of species are widely used concepts in ecology, evolution and conservation and many modelling approaches have been developed to quantify each. Niche and distribution modelling methods require a litany of design choices; differences among subdisciplines have created communication barriers that increase isolation of scientific advances. As a result, understanding and reproducing the work of others is difficult, if not impossible. It is often challenging to evaluate whether a model has been built appropriately for its intended application or subsequent reuse. Here, we propose a standardized model metadata framework that enables researchers to understand and evaluate modelling decisions while making models fully citable and reproducible. Such reproducibility is critical for both scientific and policy reports, while international standardization enables better comparison between different scenarios and research groups.InnovationRange modelling metadata (RMMS) address three challenges: they (a) are designed for convenience to encourage use, (b) accommodate a wide variety of applications, and (c) are extensible to allow the research community to steer them as needed. RMMS are based on a metadata dictionary that specifies a hierarchical structure to catalogue different aspects of the range modelling process. The dictionary balances a constrained, minimalist vocabulary to improve standardization with flexibility for users to modify and extend. To facilitate use, we have developed an R package, rangeModelMetaData, to build templates, automatically fill values from common modelling objects, check for inconsistencies with standards, and suggest values.Main conclusionsRange Modelling Metadata tools foster cross‐disciplinary advances in biogeography, conservation and allied disciplines by improving evaluation, model sharing, model searching, comparisons and reproducibility among studies. Our initially proposed standards here are designed to be modified and extended to evolve with research trends and needs.
TGFBIp mediates lymphatic sprouting in corneal lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Lin Tong , Zhang Xiaozhao , Lu Yang , Gong Lan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCorneal lymphangiogenesis plays a key role in diverse pathological conditions of the eye. Here, we demonstrate that a versatile extracellular matrix protein, transforming growth factor‐β induced protein (TGFBIp), promotes lymphatic sprouting in corneal lymphangiogenesis. TGFBIp is highly up‐regulated in inflamed mouse corneas. Immunolocalization of TGFBIp is detected in infiltrating macrophages in inflamed mouse corneas. Subconjunctival injection of liposomal clodronate can significantly reduce macrophage infiltration in inflamed mouse cornea, and decrease the expression of TGFBIp and areas of corneal lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis after corneal suture placement. In brief, these results indicate that the up‐regulation of TGFBIp in sutured cornea correlates with macrophage infiltration. Although TGFBIp alone cannot significantly stimulate corneal lymph vessel ingrowth in vivo, it can enhance the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor‐C in promoting corneal lymphangiogenesis. The in vitro results show that TGFBIp promotes migration, tube formation and adhesion of human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs), but it has no effect on HLECs' proliferation. We also find that the in vitro effect of TGFBIp is mediated by the integrin α5β1‐FAK pathway. Additionally, integrin α5β1 blockade can significantly inhibit lymphatic sprouting induced by TGFBIp. Taken together, these findings reveal a new molecular mechanism of lymphangiogenesis in which the TGFBIp‐integrin pathways plays a pivotal role in lymphatic sprouting.
Aeromonas salmonicida infects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) erythrocytes
Authors: Valderrama Katherinne , Soto‐Dávila Manuel , Segovia Cristopher , Vásquez Ignacio , Dang My , Santander Javier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (hereafter A. salmonicida) is the aetiological agent of furunculosis in marine and freshwater fish. Once A. salmonicida invade the fish host through skin, gut or gills, it spreads and colonizes the head kidney, liver, spleen and brain. A. salmonicida infects leucocytes and exhibits an extracellular phase in the blood of the host; however, it is unknown whether A. salmonicida have an intraerythrocytic phase. Here, we evaluate whether A. salmonicida infects Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) erythrocytes in vitro and in vivo. A. salmonicida did not kill primary S. salar erythrocytes, even in the presence of high bacterial loads, but A. salmonicida invaded the S. salar erythrocytes in the absence of evident haemolysis. Naïve Atlantic salmon smolts intraperitoneally infected with A. salmonicida showed bacteraemia 5 days post‐infection and the presence of intraerythrocytic A. salmonicida. Our results reveal a novel intraerythrocytic phase during A. salmonicida infection.
Prevalence and molecular characterization of Enterococcus faecalis from spring water
Authors: Xie Tengfei , Wu Gang , He Xujun , Lai Zengzhe , Zhang Huatong , Zhao Jing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpring water is an important direct drinking water resource. Enterococcus faecalis is a significant opportunistic pathogen from environment that causes human neonatal sepsis and urinary tract infections. Our study investigated the prevalence, virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of E. faecalis from spring water in Guangdong, China. A total of 285 spring water samples were collected from January 2017 to January 2018, in which 47 (16.49%) samples were contaminated by E. faecalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility result showed that many isolates were resistant to tetracycline (93.6%), gentamicin (29.8%), and ciprofloxacin (25.5%). The virulence gene test revealed the positive rate of gelE, asa1, ace, and cylA were 100, 82.3, 76.6, and 70.2%, respectively. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus‐polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing classified 47 isolates into 12 and 5 clusters, respectively, which revealed the genetic relatedness and diversity. This finding illustrated the presence of virulence genes and provided understanding on the spread of antibiotic‐resistant and genetic diversity isolates. It can help us gradually increase our knowledge of microbiological risk management in E. faecalis from spring water.Practical applicationsInvestigating the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis isolates from spring water could increase this microbial safety ondrinking water. In our research, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence genes, serotypingand molecular characteristic were selected to thorough comparison among Enterococcus faecalis isolates. Spring water is common in China as drinking water, then understanding the dissemination and monitoring the prevalence of this microorganism is necessary to improve the drinking water safety.
A dramatic increase in serum CK levels after switching from oral to intravenous administration of LEV
Authors: Takemoto Mami , Yunoki Taijun , Sato Kota , Hishikawa Nozomi , Yamashita Toru , Ohta Yasuyuki , Shang Jingwei , Abe Koji 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe authors report on a 22‐year‐old Japanese woman who started oral administration of 1000 mg levetiracetam (LEV) for her epilepsy after the second convulsive seizure. She was free from seizures for the subsequent 111 days, but a third tonic‐clonic seizure happened and she was transferred to our hospital (Day 1). Her consciousness state was drowsy and 1000 mg LEV continued for two days, but intravenously. Although her state became clear, her serum creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), and creatine (Cre) levels were significantly elevated (18 179 IU/L, 2783 ng/mL, and 0.8 mg/mL) with a peak at Day 5 of CK 26, 189 IU/L. After stopping intravenous injection of LEV, serum CK returned to its normal level promptly. The present case suggests that we should take more care in monitoring for rhabdomyolysis on switching from oral to intravenous administration of LEV.
Abscisic acid positively regulates l‐arabinose metabolism to inhibit seed germination through ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4‐mediated transcriptional promotions of MUR4 in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Yan Jingwei , Fang Lin , Yang Lan , He Huan , Huang Yun , Liu Ya , Zhang Aying 
Published: August 2019

Summary

l‐Arabinose (l‐Ara) is a major monosaccharide in plant polysaccharides and glycoproteins, and functions in plant growth and development. However, the potential role of l‐Ara during abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated seed germination has been largely ignored. Here, our results showed a function of l‐Ara during ABA‐mediated seed germination.

ABA slowed down the reduction of l‐Ara in seed cell wall, and exogenous l‐Ara aggravated the inhibition of ABA on germination. We further found that MUR4, encoding URIDINE 5′‐DIPHOSPHATE‐d‐XYLOSE 4‐EPIMERASE 1, played a vital role in ABA‐mediated germination. MUR4 was highly expressed in embryo and induced by ABA in both seeds and seedlings. Overexpression of MUR4 conferred hypersensitive seed germination and early postgermination growth to ABA.

Further analysis revealed that ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) positively modulated the MUR4 expression by directly binding the Coupling Element1 motif of MUR4 promoter. Consistently, abi4‐1 mutant had a lower l‐Ara content in seed cell wall, while a higher l‐Ara content in seed cell wall was observed in ABI4 overexpressors. Genetic analysis suggested that overexpression of MUR4 in abi4‐1 partly restored the ABA sensitivity of abi4‐1.

We established the link between ABA and l‐Ara during ABA‐mediated seed germination and cotyledon greening in Arabidopsis and revealed the potential molecular mechanism.
Cyclic tensile strain promotes the ECM synthesis of cranial base synchondrosis chondrocytes by upregulating miR‐140‐5p
Authors: Cheng Mingjia , Chu Fengting , Feng Qiping , Shen Gang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the role of miR‐140‐5p in cranial base synchondrosis chondrocytes (CBSCs) under cyclic tensile strain (CTS).Setting and Sample PopulationA total of 25 1‐week‐old Sprague Dawley rats from Shanghai Laboratory Animal Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, were used.Material and MethodsThe second passage of CBSCs was applied with CTS at 10% elongation (1 Hz) for 24 hours. MiR‐140‐5p levels in CBSCs were detected by qRT‐PCR. The role of miR‐140‐5p in CBSCs was evaluated by transfection of mimics and inhibitor. RNA sequencing and online search of miRNA databases (TargetScan, miRDB and miRanda) were used in prediction of miR‐140‐5p targets. A luciferase reporter assay was applied to identify the target gene of miR‐140‐5p.ResultsCompared with the control, the expression of Col2a1 and Sox9 was significantly higher after CTS (P < .05). Also, CBSCs demonstrated higher expression of miR‐140‐5p after CTS loading for 24 hours (P < .05). Overexpression of miR‐140‐5p promoted ECM synthesis under CTS loading environment, while suppression of miR‐140‐5p inhibited the effect. Bloc1s2 was a putative target gene of miR‐140‐5p.ConclusionsThe expression of ECM in CBSCs could be promoted by CTS and miR‐140‐5p might play a role in this process through targeting Bloc1s2.
The relevance and reliability of performance information for accountability: A survey experiment exploring citizens' views
Authors: Mizrahi Shlomo , Minchuk Yizhaq 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study explores the impact of the configuration of performance information on citizens' perceptions regarding the impact of the information on their lives and the reliability they assign to it. We conducted a survey experiment among a representative sample of the Israeli population. The treatment included the object being measured, the identity of those who manage the performance management mechanism, and the trend of the results. We also compared the education and police sectors. Our findings indicate that, overall, citizens feel that performance information has only a low‐to‐medium effect on their lives, and assign a similar level of reliability to that information. The configuration of performance information helps explain this perceived impact only to a limited extent. These findings question the usefulness of performance reporting mechanisms as a major tool for strengthening accountability and raise serious doubts about the possible ways to improve these mechanisms and make them more effective.
Expanding the theoretical boundaries of active representation: Clients' deservedness of service in the 911 emergency system
Authors: Zamboni Lucila M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to explore how emergency responders' experience, beliefs and organizational context influence their decision‐making processes and their interaction with their clients. The study includes 27 interviews with 911 emergency responders to unveil the underlying factors which lead responders to act in favour of some of their clients, that is, actively represent them, while limiting their representation of others. The study is situated at the intersection between the street‐level bureaucracy and representative bureaucracy literatures. Building on symbolic representation, this study argues that active representation is shaped by factors beyond mere socio‐demographic characteristics and organizational or group identities. By focusing the analysis on the attitudes of the bureaucrats themselves, this study provides initial evidence to support Meier's recent hypotheses in his micro‐theory of representative bureaucracy.
The Pneumatron: An automated pneumatic apparatus for estimating xylem vulnerability to embolism at high temporal resolution
Authors: Pereira Luciano , Bittencourt Paulo R.L. , Pacheco Vinícius S. , Miranda Marcela T. , Zhang Ya , Oliveira Rafael S. , Groenendijk Peter , Machado Eduardo C. , Tyree Melvin T. , Jansen Steven , Rowland Lucy , Ribeiro Rafael V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractXylem vulnerability to embolism represents an important trait to determine species distribution patterns and drought resistance. However, estimating embolism resistance frequently requires time‐consuming and ambiguous hydraulic lab measurements. Based on a recently developed pneumatic method, we present and test the “Pneumatron”, a device that generates high time‐resolution and fully automated vulnerability curves. Embolism resistance is estimated by applying a partial vacuum to extract air from an excised xylem sample, while monitoring the pressure change over time. Although the amount of gas extracted is strongly correlated with the percentage loss of xylem conductivity, validation of the Pneumatron was performed by comparison with the optical method for Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves. The Pneumatron improved the precision of the pneumatic method considerably, facilitating the detection of small differences in the (percentage of air discharged [PAD] < 0.47%). Hence, the Pneumatron can directly measure the 50% PAD without any fitting of vulnerability curves. PAD and embolism frequency based on the optical method were strongly correlated (r2 = 0.93) for E. camaldulensis. By providing an open source platform, the Pneumatron represents an easy, low‐cost, and powerful tool for field measurements, which can significantly improve our understanding of plant–water relations and the mechanisms behind embolism.
A soil archaeal community responds to a decade of ecological restoration
Authors: Yan DongFeng , Gellie Nicholas J. C. , Mills Jacob G. , Connell Gemma , Bissett Andrew , Lowe Andrew J. , Breed Martin F. 
Published: August 2019

Large‐scale restoration efforts are underway globally to mitigate the impact of decades of land degradation by returning functional and biodiverse ecosystems. Revegetation is a heavily relied upon restoration intervention, and one that is expected to result in associated biodiversity returns. However, the outcome of such restoration interventions rarely considers recovery to the soil microbiome, a mega‐diverse and functionally important ecosystem component. Here we examine the archaeal component of the soil microbiome and track community change after a decade of eucalypt woodland restoration in southern Australia. We employed DNA metabarcoding to show that archaeal community composition, richness, and diversity shifted significantly, and towards a restored state 10 years after the restoration intervention. Changes in soil pH and nitrate associated with changes to the archaeal community, potentially relating to the pH responsive properties and close relationship with the nitrogen cycle of some archaea. Our study helps shed light on archaeal community dynamics, as no other study has used DNA metabarcoding to study archaeal responses across a restoration chronosequence. Our results provide great promise for the development of molecular monitoring of the soil microbiome as a future restoration monitoring tool.