bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Study of Chromospheric Evaporation in Impulsive Phase of Solar Flares
Authors: Sadykov Viacheslav M , Kosovichev Alexander G , Sharykin Ivan N , Kerr Graham S 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present a statistical study of chromospheric evaporation in solar flares using simultaneous observations by the RHESSI X-ray telescope and the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph UV spectrograph. The results are compared with radiation hydrodynamic flare models from the F-CHROMA RADYN database. For each event, we study spatially resolved Doppler shifts of spectral lines formed in the transition region (C ii 1334.5 Å) and hot coronal plasma (Fe xxi 1354.1 Å) to investigate the dynamics of the solar atmosphere during the flare impulsive phase. We estimate the energy fluxes deposited by high-energy electrons using X-ray imaging spectroscopy and assuming the standard thick-target model. Using the RADYN flare models, the RH 1.5D radiative transfer code, and the Chianti atomic line database, we calculate C ii and Fe xxi line profiles and compare with the observations. While the RADYN models predict a correlation between the Doppler shifts and deposited energy flux for both lines, this was only observed in the C ii data. Several quantitative discrepancies are found between the observations and models: the Fe xxi Doppler shifts are substantially stronger in the models than in the data, and the C ii mean blueshifts are absent in the observations but predicted by the models. The transition energies between “gentle” and “explosive” evaporation regimes estimated from the observations (

erg cm−2 s−1) and derived from the models (

erg cm−2 s−1) are comparable with each other. The results illustrate relationships among the processes of chromospheric evaporation, the response of the colder layers, and the flare energy flux deposited by high-energy electrons, although demonstrating discrepancy between analyzed observations and RADYN models.
The Effects of Burnout Prevention Training on Burnout Symptoms in Nurses
Authors: Randolph Gretchen Lay , Price Joseph L , Collins James R 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Burnout results from extended occupational stress, and is attended by energy loss, reduced patient concern, avoidance and pessimism. This study is a systematic attempt to understand this process in nursing, with 72 nurses employed in direct care positions volunteering to participate.
The SCL-90R, a validated self-report questionnaire, which includes the prominent features of burnout, was used to compare participants in a two-day Burnout Prevention Workshop, conducted at three medical centers, with a control group which received no such experience. Each workshop included both cognitive and experiential features, including self-regulation techniques, imagery, meditation, philosophical considerations and conceptual information on stress, depression and burnout. The content was specifically designed for nurses and the unique characteristics of the stressors they encounter.
The Burnout Prevention Workshop experience group differed significantly from the control group (utilizing a two-way analysis of covariance, treatment by hospital, covarying on the pretest score) when both were evaluated before and six weeks after the training dates. Differences were in terms of the workshop groups reporting less depression, somatization, obsessive-compulsive qualities, feelings of interpersonal inadequacy, hostility and two summary scores. There was also a reduction in anxiety, phobic behavior, paranoid sensitivity and psychoticism, but these fell short of a statistically significant level. Overall, the three workshop sites revealed the same pattern of responses, with the exception of the depressive and anxiety scales. Essentially, the treatment effects were consistent across hospitals.
The results establish that a two-day experiential-conceptual Burnout Prevention Training Workshop can significantly reduce stress related symptoms in a nursing population.
The Moving Dynamic Random Dot Stereosize Test: Validity and Repeatability
Authors: Moussa Mohamed A , Leat Susan J , Faubert Jocelyn 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Purpose: We have developed a new test suitable for measuring stereopsis in young children and individuals with communication difficulties. It consists of a drifting, computer-generated red and green, dynamic random dot, disparate shape. The motion direction is indicated by the subject (subjective response) or by a naive observer judging the eye movements of the subject (objective response). Disparity is maintained at 616 sec arc and the dependent variable is the angular subtense of the target, which varies from 1 1 ° to 1 1 ft. In this study, precision (ie, measuring repeatability and objective-subjective agreement) and validity were assessed.
Subjects and Methods: Sixteen subjects with normal vision participated in the repeatability study and 10 in the validity studies. A two-up/onedown, 2 alternative forced choice staircase procedure was used to measure objective and subjective threshold on two occasions with a 1 -week separation. Sensitivity for detecting anisometropia was estimated with simulated anisometropia (0 to 3 D) and by comparison with the Randot test. Sensitivity for detecting amblyopia or strabismus was tested in 10 subjects.
Results: Subjective repeatability was 0.31 log units (2 levels of the test) and objective repeatability was 0.49 log units (3.2 levels of the test). The test was able to detect 2.0 D of simulated anisometropia in 8 of 10 cases (above the 95% confidence interval). None of the amblyopic subjects demonstrated stereopsis.
Conclusion: This test of dynamic global stereopsis has potential as a clinical or screening tool for anisometropia, amblyopia, and strabismus.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003;40:341-348.
Chorioretinal Topography and Histopathology in Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Lai Wico W , Shahidi Mahmaz , Mori Marek , Pulido Jose S 
Published: January 2019

* OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correspondence between topographic mapping of the vitreoretinal and chorioretinal surfaces in vivo and histopathology findings.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Choroidal neovascularization was induced in the retina of a primate by an argon laser. Serial optical section images of the retina were obtained using an optical imaging system based on the Retinal Thickness Analyzer. Topography of the vitreoretinal and chorioretinal surfaces was mapped. The animal was killed and the eyes enucleated for histopathologic examination.
* RESULTS: In the normal retina, the topography of the vitreoretinal surface showed a depression at the center of the fovea while the chorioretinal surface was relatively flat, corresponding to normal anatomy. In the retina with choroidal neovascularization, the topography of the vitreoretinal surface indicated a smooth elevation while there were irregular elevations in the topography of the chorioretinal surface. Histological sections displayed focal serous retinal detachment, metaplasia of retinal pigment epithelium, and choroidal neovascularization.
* CONCLUSION: Topographic mapping of the vitreoretinal and chorioretinal surfaces in vivo corresponds with histological findings and shows promise for quantitative evaluation of pathologic alterations caused by chorioretinal diseases.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003:34:38-43]
Needle Revision of Failed Filtering Blebs Augmented With Subconjunctival Injection of Mitomycin C
Authors: Ben-Simon Guy J , Glovinsky Yoseph 
Published: January 2019

* OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of needle revision of failed filtering blebs augmented with subconjunctival injection of mitomycin C.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Needle revision of failed filtering blebs followed by subconjunctival injection of 10 to 20 µg of mitomycin C was performed in 41 eyes. Short-term results were analyzed 6 months postoperatively.
* RESULTS: The mean (± standard deviation [SD]) intraocular pressure decreased from 26.4 ± 6.2 to 16.4 ± 6.5 mm Hg (P< .001), and the mean (± SD) number of medications decreased from 2.8 ± 1.4 to 0.7 ± 1.1 (P < .001). The overall success rate (defined as intraocular pressure between 5 and 21 mm Hg and no serious complications) was 76%. Initial intraocular pressure, number of previous surgical procedures, type of glaucoma, and lens status did not influence the success rate. The resulting bleb was significantly larger in the successful cases (2 ± 0.8 vs 0.33 ± 0.5; P < .001). Complications included one case of late suprachoroidal hemorrhage. The mean (± SD) visual acuity remained stable (delta visual acuity in Snellen lines = 0.023 ± 1.1).
* CONCLUSION: Needle revision followed by subconjunctival injection of mitomycin C is an alternative to more complicated surgical procedures in cases of failed filtering blebs. Bleb formation was essential for successful reduction of intraocular pressure, which suggests subconjunctival injection of mitomycin C by itself may not lower intraocular pressure.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:94-99.]
Subsurface Photodisruption in Human Sclera: Wavelength Dependence
Authors: Sacks Zachary S , Kurtz Ronald M , Juhasz Tibor , Spooner Gregory , Mouroua Gerard A 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Approximately 105 million people worldwide have glaucoma, and approximately 5 million are blind from its complications. Current surgical techniques often fail because of scarring of the conjunctival tissue, Tenons tissue, or both. Femtosecond lasers can create highly precise incisions beneath the surface of a tissue, as previously demonstrated in the transparent cornea. Because the sclera is a highly scattering subsurface, photodisruption has not been previously possible.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: To overcome scattering, a laser operating at 1,700 nm was used to make subsurface cuts in human sclera in vitro via photodisruption.
* RESULTS: Sub- 10-µm width incisions were created beneath the surface without collateral tissue effects, something not possible with shorter wavelengths used to date in corneal applications with the femtosecond laser.
* CONCLUSION: Completely subsurface photodisruptions can be accomplished in human sclera in vitro. In vivo studies are required to evaluate the potential use of this technology for scleral applications.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:104113.]
Optimal Laser Power to Rupture Bruch's Membrane and the Retinal Vein in the Pig
Authors: Haupert Christopher L , Grossniklaus Hans E , Sharara Nariman , Davidson Michael G , Syed Arjumand , Fekrat Sharon 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: For laserinduced chorioretinal venous anastomosis to become a viable treatment option for perfused central retinal vein occlusion, laser parameters must be refined to more reliably create venous anastomoses while minimizing complications. The aim of this study was to determine the lowest argon laser power at which Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein are ruptured in 100% of attempts in the porcine eye.
* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Testing was performed on 6 eyes of 3 Yorkshire Cross pigs, using an argon green laser. The spot size was 50 urn and the duration was 0.2 seconds for all applications. Twelve laser powers were tested, from 0.5 to 6 W, increasing by increments of 0.5 W. Light microscopy was used to determine the frequency of rupture of Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein for each power.
* RESULTS: The rupture rate of Bruch's membrane was 0% at 0.5 W, 5% at 1.0 W, 20% at 1.5 W, 70% at 2.0 W, and 100% for all powers from 2.5 to 6.0 W. The rupture rate of the retinal vein was 0% at 0.5 W, 5% at 1.0 W, 30% at 1.5 W, 60% at 2.0 W, 80% at 2.5 W, and 100% for all powers from 3.0 to 6.0W.
* CONCLUSION: Argon green laser powers of at least 2.5 and 3.0 W were necessary to rupture Bruch's membrane and the retinal vein, respectively, with a 100% success rate in the porcine eye. Because patients with central retinal vein occlusion have secondary retinal edema and may have lenticular opacity, higher laser powers may be required to achieve a 100% rupture rate of these structures.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:122-127.]
Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Profiles During Cataract Surgery by Phacoemulsification and Extracapsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Grinbaum Aharon , Blumenthal Michael , Assia Ehud 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In view of reports of fluctuations in intraocular pressure (IOP) during phacoemulsification, real-time IOP during small-incision, manual extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification was measured to determine the effect of anterior chamber maintainer infusion on intraoperative IOP dynamics.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A comparative study of IOP during cataract surgery was conducted by these two methods in 29 patients. An anterior chamber maintainer infused balanced salt solution continuously into the eye throughout ECCE. The anterior chamber maintainer was open in 7 cases throughout phacoemulsification and switched off during phacoemulsification in 7 cases.
* RESULTS: IOP measurements during small-incision ECCE were physiologic (range, 5 to 20 mm Hg) during most of the operation and coincided with the value of hydrostatic pressure established by the height of the anterior chamber maintainer infusion bottle. During phacoemulsification without concomitant anterior chamber maintainer, IOP was positive (> 2 to 3 mm Hg) as long as the phacoemulsification infusion line was activated (position 1). Moving to position 0 caused hypotony. Occlusion breaks occasionally caused wide fluctuations in IOP. Concomitant anterior chamber maintainer and phacoemulsification infusion did not prevent surges, but may account for the lower range of fluctuation. The anterior chamber maintainer also maintained a positive IOP at position 0 during phacoemulsification.
* CONCLUSIONS: An anterior chamber maintainer in conjunction with a self-sealing incision can maintain stable physiologic IOP during small-incision ECCE. The IOP fluctuations during phacoemulsification, especially during occlusion breaks, can be attenuated by an anterior chamber maintainer.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:182-186.]
Intravitreal Dexamethasone Effectively Reduces Postoperative Inflammation After Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Chalam Kakarla V , Malkani Sunil , Shah Vinay A 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Corticosteroids remain the mainstay for control of ocular inflammation after vitreous surgery. A controlled, randomized, prospective study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a single intravitreal injection of dexamethasone phosphate on postoperative inflammation after simple vitreous surgery in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular pucker.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Aqueous cell flare intensity was measured preoperatively and on days 1, 10, and 90 in 56 consecutive patients who underwent vitreous surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular pucker. Subjects were consecutively randomized to two groups: 400 pg of intravitreal dexamethasone (treatment group) or no dexamethasone (control group)
* RESULTS: Before surgery, cell and flare intensity was similar in both groups. Flare intensity was significantly lower at 10, 30, and 90 days in the proliferative diabetic retinopathy treatment group (P < .05).
* CONCLUSION: Intravitreal dexamethasone significantly alleviates postoperative inflammation after vitreous surgery and is a useful adjunct.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:188-192.]
Retrospective Analysis of Vitrectomy With and Without Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling for Stage 3 and 4 Macular Hole
Authors: Simon Guy J Ben , Desatnik Howard , Alhalel Amir , Treister Giora , Moisseiev Joseph 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pars plana vitrectomy with indocyanine green (ICG)- assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling versus pars plana vitrectomy without ILM peeling for stage 3 and 4 primary idiopathic macular hole.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-two eyes of 60 consecutive patients with idiopathic macular hole underwent vitrectomy with gas (C3F8) injection. The first 46 eyes underwent vitrectomy without ILM peeling; of these, 14 had epiretinal membrane peeling and were excluded, leaving 32 eyes (no ILM group). The remaining 16 eyes underwent vitrectomy with ICGassisted ILM peeling (ICG-ILM group). Follow-up data at 6 to 48 months postoperatively were recorded and analyzed.
* RESULTS: Macular hole closure was achieved in 13 (81%) of 16 patients in the ICG-ILM group and 16 (50%) of 32 patients in the no ILM group (P = .036). Analysis of the data from eyes with closed holes indicates that the ICG-ILM group achieved a better mean final visual acuity compared with the no ILM group (20/60 vs 20/100, respectively) (P= .017). No complications were attributed to the use of ICG.
* CONCLUSIONS: ICG-assisted ILM peeling significantly increased the rate of hole closure in eyes with stage 3 or 4 idiopathic macular hole. The use of ICG did not adversely affect the visual acuity results, and it appears to be a safe adjunct to macular hole surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 200434:109-115.]
Eyelid Splitting and Extirpation of Hair Follicles Using a Radiosurgical Technique for Treatment of Trichiasis
Authors: Rosner Mordechai , Bourla Nirit , Rosen Nachum 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To describe a new, simple, and rapid surgical modification for the treatment of trichiasis.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this noncomparative, prospective, interventional case series, 12 eyelids of 8 consecutive patients suffering from acquired trichiasis were treated by splitting the eyelid margin using a radiosurgical technique and then extirpating the hair follicles. The main outcome measure was successful resolution of trichiasis without recurrence during a follow-up period of at least 1 year.
* RESULTS: Complete recovery of the trichiatic eyelashes at the site of the treatment occurred in 10 of the 12 eyelids treated. There were no complications during or after healing of the surgical wound during the follow-up period.
* CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery provides a simple and rapid modification of the surgical treatment for acquired trichiasis, with good functional results.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:1 16-122.]
Immediate and Long-Term Changes of Fundus Autofluorescence in Continuous Wave Laser Lesions of the Retina
Authors: Framme Carsten , Roider Johann 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fundus autofluorescence imaging is able to show changes in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fluorescence after thermal laser photocoagulation.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: In vivo imaging of fundus autofluorescence was performed with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. A laser with a wavelength of 488 nm was used for excitation of the tissue and autofluorescence was detected above 500 nm using a barrier filter. One hundred eight eyes of 87 patients who had had previous laser treatment were monitored. The appearance and size of the laser lesions were documented and correlated to the time of treatment. Immediate changes were observed prospectively in 13 eyes; long-term follow-up was studied retrospectively in 95 eyes.
* RESULTS: In all patients but one, autofluorescence was decreased in the area of laser lesions 1 hour after laser treatment. After 1 month, previously decreased autofluorescence in all lesions changed to significantly increased autofluorescence, which was stable up to 6 months after treatment. Mixed forms were present approximately 6 to 12 months after treatment, showing a central island of increased autofluorescence surrounded by a ring of decreased autofluorescence. After 1 to 2 years, lesions again changed to complete dark spots, enlarging later on.
* CONCLUSION: RPE destruction and subsequent proliferation after continuous wave laser photocoagulation can be visualized noninvasively by autofluorescence imaging. Immediate decreased autofluorescence may indicate acute damage of the RPE, subsequent increased autofluorescence seems to indicate proliferative behavior of the RPE, and final dark spots can indicate RPE atrophy secondary to a denaturation of neurosensory retinal tissue. Thus, autofluorescence can be used in the long-term monitoring of RPE changes after laser treatment. The enlargement of the laser atrophy zone demonstrates the potential risk of visual loss after central laser photocoagulation even years after treatment.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:131-138.]
Perioperative Treatment of Patients With Diabetes Having Eye Surgery With Local Anesthesia in an Ambulatory Facility
Authors: Kollarits Carol R , Kendrick Ronald M , Guess Matthew 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in diabetic patients on the morning of eye surgery scheduled under local anesthesia in an ambulatory surgery facility.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of fasting blood glucose levels in 216 diabetic patients on 326 admissions.
* RESULTS: The fasting blood glucose level was 80 mg/dL or lower in 10 patient admissions (3%). Hyperglycemia (fasting blood glucose level of greater than 300 mg/dL) was present on 8 admissions (2.4%).
* CONCLUSIONS: Blood glucose levels need to be monitored in diabetic patients undergoing even short surgical procedures. The dosage of long-acting insulins or oral hypoglycemics given the night prior to surgery may have to be reduced to prevent hypoglycemia on the morning of surgery.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:185-188.]
Intermediate-Term Results of Baerveldt Tube Shunt Surgery With Mitomycin C Use
Authors: Irak Inci , Moster Marlene R , Fontanarosa Joann 
Published: January 2019

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the intermediate-term results of the Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device with adjunctive use of intraoperative mitomycin C.
* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Charts of 243 consecutive patients with advanced glaucoma who had undergone tube shunt surgery between 1992 and 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 64 patients were eligible for the study. Patients were observed for a mean of 34.3 ± 21 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to determine intermediate-term success.
* RESULTS: The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was 34.4 mm Hg and the 1-year postoperative IOP was 16.6 mm Hg. The mean percent IOP reduction after surgery was 5 1 .7%, 53.2%, and 5 1 .4% at 1,2, and 5 years, respectively. Kaplan- Meier analysis showed a 77% success rate at 1 year, 66% at 2 years, and 59% at 5 years. The most common complication was choroidal detachment (18.8%).
* CONCLUSION: The use of mitomycin C with Baerveldt implantation showed IOP control equivalent to that without mitomycin C at intermediate follow-up.
[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2004;35:189196.]