bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of variability due to biological and technical variation in urinary extracellular vesicles as a crucial step in biomarker discovery studies
Authors: Oeyen Eline , Willems Hanny , 'T Kindt Ruben , Sandra Koen , Boonen Kurt , Hoekx Lucien , De Wachter Stefan , Ameye Filip , Mertens Inge 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTUrinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an attractive source of biomarkers for urological diseases. A crucial step in biomarker discovery studies is the determination of the variation parameters to perform a sample size calculation. In this way, a biomarker discovery study with sufficient statistical power can be performed to obtain biologically significant biomarkers. Here, a variation study was performed on both the protein and lipid content of urinary EVs of healthy individuals, aged between 52 and 69 years. Ultrafiltration (UF) in combination with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to isolate the EVs from urine. Different experimental variation set‐ups were used in this variation study. The calculated standard deviations (SDs) of the 90% least variable peptides and lipids did not exceed 2 and 1.2, respectively. These parameters can be used in a sample size calculation for a well‐designed biomarker discovery study at the cargo of EVs.
Reproducibility and Comparative aspects of Terrestrial Housing Systems and Husbandry Procedures in Animal Research Facilities on Study Data
Authors: Hasenau John J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
As mentioned in other chapters, reproducibility of research data is very complicated and has numerous contributors for concerns. This chapter will discuss the animal housing systems and corresponding husbandry practices in regard to current practices and known and potential confounders in the research environment. This area has a very high impact for reproducibility and comparability of study data outcomes.
Identification and Expression Analysis of Chemosensory Receptor Genes in Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)
Authors: Zhao Yunhe , Cui Kaidi , Li Huan , Ding Jinfeng , Mu Wei , Zhou Chenggang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The chive midge, Bradysia odoriphaga, is a major insect pest affecting Chinese chive production in China. Its adult life stage is nonfeeding and has a short life span. Hence, the perception of chemical stimuli is important for its adult behavior and reproductive success. To better understand its chemosensory process at the molecular level, chemosensory receptor genes were identified based on transcriptomes of B. odoriphaga. In total, 101 chemosensory genes were identified from the antenna and body transcriptomes, including 71 odorant receptors (ORs), 18 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 5 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 7 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of these genes have homologs among other Dipteran insects. A transcript abundance comparison based on FPKM values was conducted to analyze the sex- and tissue-specific expression profiles of these chemosensory genes. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR of OR transcripts was performed on different tissues (female antennae, male antennae, heads, and legs) to verify the transcriptional expression levels of ORs in the transcriptomes. This analysis suggested that 44 ORs showed significantly higher expression in the female antennae, while 16 OR transcripts were most highly expressed in the male antennae and may play significant roles in sex pheromone detection. In addition, some IRs and GRs might be involved in CO2 and sugar detection and temperature sensing. In the present study, 101 chemosensory genes were identified, and their putative functions were predicted. This work could provide a basis to facilitate functional clarification of these chemosensory genes at the molecular level.
Y-Stenting Versus PulseRider-Assisted Coiling in the Treatment of Wide-Neck Bifurcation Aneurysms: Role of Anatomical Features on Midterm Results
Authors: Limbucci Nicola , Cirelli Carlo , Valente Iacopo , Nappini Sergio , Renieri Leonardo , Laiso Antonio , Rosi Andrea , Amadori Tommaso , Amadori Andrea , Mangiafico Salvatore 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Y-stenting is an effective but challenging approach for wide-neck aneurysms. PulseRider (PR) (Pulsar/Cerenovus) is a new device designed to provide scaffolding during coiling but has never been compared with other techniques.

OBJECTIVE
To compare the immediate and 6-mo results of Y-stenting vs PR assisted coiling.

METHODS
A total of 105 consecutive patients were retrospectively divided into 2 groups (73 Y-stenting and 32 PR). All underwent angiographic 6-mo follow-up. We evaluated if some anatomical features could influence treatment results.

RESULTS
The groups were homogeneous. Immediate adequate occlusions as well as complication rates were similar in Y-stenting and PR group (94.5% vs 96.9% and 8.2% vs 6.2%, respectively). At 6 mo, adequate occlusion was 93.1% after Y-stenting and 84.3% after PR (P = .28), complete occlusion was significantly higher after Y-stenting: 90.3% vs 62.5% (P = .0017). Occlusion grade worsening occurred in 6.9% of Y-stenting and 18.7% of PR patients (P = .09).
Neck size was associated with occlusion grade in both groups. Maximal aneurysm size was associated with occlusion grade in the PR group (P = .023) but not in the Y-stenting group (P = .06). After PR, 6-mo occlusion rate was higher in small (< 10 mm) than in large aneurysms (P = .0094); this was not observed after Y-stenting (P = .54).
Location did not significantly affect the mid-term occlusion rate in both the groups. After PR, occlusion was more stable in basilar than anterior or middle cerebral artery aneurysms.

CONCLUSION
Y-stenting and PR are both effective with similar immediate and mid-term results. However, treatment stability seems higher after Y-stenting. Aneurysm size seems to negatively affect PR results.
Enabling Mg metal anodes rechargeable in conventional electrolytes by fast ionic transport interphase
Authors: Lv Ruijing , Guan Xuze , Zhang Jiahua , Xia Yongyao , Luo Jiayan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rechargeable magnesium batteries have received extensive attention as the Mg anodes possess twice the volumetric capacity of their lithium counterparts and are dendrite-free. However, Mg anodes suffer from surface passivation film in most glyme-based conventional electrolytes, leading to irreversible plating/stripping behavior of Mg. Here we report a facile and safe method to obtain a modified Mg metal anode with a Sn-based artificial layer via ion-exchange and alloying reactions. In the artificial coating layer, Mg2Sn alloy composites offer a channel for fast ion transport and insulating MgCl2/SnCl2 bestows the necessary potential gradient to prevent deposition on the surface. Significant improved ion conductivity of the solid electrolyte interfaces and decreased overpotential of Mg symmetric cells in Mg(TFSI)2/DME electrolyte are obtained. The coated Mg anodes can sustain a stable plating/stripping process over 4000 cycles at a high current density of 6 mA cm−2. This finding provides an avenue to facilitate fast ion diffusion kinetics of Mg metal anodes in conventional electrolytes.
Police Accessibility in Sweden: An Analysis of the Spatial Arrangement of Police Services
Authors: Stassen Richard , Ceccato Vania 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Swedish police organization has recently undergone a significant restructuring, combining previously independent regional bodies into a single national authority. It is currently unclear how this process has affected the accessibility of police services. Using central place theory and notions of public reassurance as theoretical references, this study examines the distribution of police stations and how their spatial arrangement affects the population’s access, by car, to various types of police services. Open-access data and geographic information systems underlie the methodology. Results show that, despite regional differences in population density, a large majority of the population has less than a 20-min drive to the nearest police station. However, residents of remote areas may have to travel more than 2 h to access uncommon services. The article discusses policy implications in the Swedish context, which are broadly relevant for understanding the supply of police services in other sparsely populated countries.
Methods for reproductive tract scoring as a tool for improving sow productivity12
Authors: Romoser Matthew R , Hale Benjamin J , Seibert Jacob T , Gall Tom , Rademacher Christopher J , Stalder Kenneth J , Baumgard Lance H , Keating Aileen F , Ross Jason W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Improving sow lifetime productivity is essential for maximizing farm profitability. Study objectives were to determine the accuracy for different vulva scoring methods in a commercial production system and to assess whether gilt reproductive tract scoring [evaluated by vulva width (VW)] prior to puberty could serve as useful gilt selection criteria. To accomplish this objective, 958 prepubertal replacement gilts in a commercial system were evaluated at approximately 15 wk of age. Gilt body weight (BW) was recorded in addition to 4 different methods to evaluate VW. Methods for VW assessment included digital caliper measurement (mm), visual evaluation and scoring by trained farm personnel [Farm Score (FS)], and 2 methods using scoring tools [Vulva Score Method A and B (VSA and VSB, respectively)] specifically calibrated from the VW distribution measured on gilts from previous studies. The VSA and FS methods assigned gilts to one of 3 categories (S, M, L, and 1, 2, 3, respectively) whereas VSB classified gilts vulvas using a 5-point scoring system (1 to 5). At 15 wk of age, a low proportion of variability in vulva size (27.8 ± 0.1 mm) could be explained by BW (62.2 ± 0.2 kg; R2 = 0.05). All 3 scoring methods were effective in categorizing gilts based upon VW, as the measured VW size within methods differed by score (P &lt; 0.01). The proportion of gilts achieving their first parity increased with score for VSA (64.7%, 73.2%, and 84.4%; P = 0.02), VSB (66.0%, 71.7%, 79.2%, 76.4%, and 84.2%; P = 0.02), and FS (67.2%, 75.0%, and 88.8%; P = 0.03), but VSA, VSB, and FS did not influence percentage of gilts achieving their second parity (P = 0.32, 0.29, and 0.30, respectively). Litter performance of gilts scored as M or L using VSA improved with an increased total born over 2 parities compared to those scored as S (23.96 vs. 26.38 pigs; P &lt; 0.01) as well as born alive (21.13 vs. 23.05 pigs; P &lt; 0.05). Results were similar for VSB, where scores 2 to 5 had greater total born (23.97 vs. 26.33 pigs; P &lt; 0.01) and born alive (21.11 vs. 23.02 pigs; P &lt; 0.05) through 2 parities compared to gilts scored 1. Using the FS method, total born pigs tended to be increased (P = 0.06) through 2 parities for gilts having a 2 or 3 vulva score compared to those scored as a 1. Collectively, assessing VW at approximately 15 wk of age may identify sows with improved productivity through 2 parities as breeding herd females.
YouTube™ as a source for patient education about the management of dental avulsion injuries
Authors: Hutchison Clare MD , Cave Victoria , Walshaw Emma G , Burns Beth , Park Christine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries, including avulsion, are relatively common, with a reported prevalence of up to 4.5%. The Internet and video‐sharing websites are frequently used as a resource for patient accessible health information. YouTube™, the online video leader, is a popular choice with patients, who decide to seek advice when managing an avulsed tooth.The aim of this study was to examine the quality of information offered by videos on YouTube™ for those individuals seeking information regarding the emergency management of an avulsed tooth. The quality of information was compared to the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT).MethodsYouTube™ was searched systematically for videos on avulsion using the terms ‘knocked tooth out’ and ‘dental avulsion’. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were adhered to, and videos were assessed on several variables. The usefulness of the selected videos in providing adequate information about avulsed teeth was then evaluated using a 9‐point score based on the IADT guidelines. Descriptive statistics were consequently generated.ResultsA total of 120 videos were analysed, 13% (n = 16) of which met the inclusion‐exclusion criteria. Most had been uploaded by healthcare professionals (81%, n = 13) in the United States (63%, n = 10). Videos had generally low completeness scores (mean: 4.375 ± 1.9; range: 2‐7). Completeness was not affected significantly, either by viewers’ interactions or by the date of upload.ConclusionYouTube™ generally hosts videos with low usefulness with regard to the management of avulsed teeth. Therefore, dentists should be aware of this resource and warn parents/carers regarding the reliability of information and the misleading content which is available on YouTube™ videos.
Clinical utility and impact of the use of the chromogenic vs one‐stage factor activity assays in haemophilia A and B
Authors: Marlar Richard A. , Strandberg Karin , Shima Midori , Adcock Dorothy M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTreatment of haemophilia A/B patients comprises factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) concentrate replacement therapy, respectively. FVIII and FIX activity levels can be measured in clinical laboratories using one‐stage activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)‐based clotting or two‐stage chromogenic factor activity assays. We discuss strengths and limitations of these assays, providing examples of clinical scenarios to highlight some of the challenges associated with their current use for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Substantial inter‐laboratory variability has been reported for one‐stage assays when measuring the activity of factor replacement products due to the wide range of currently available aPTT reagents, calibration standards, factor‐deficient plasmas, assay conditions and instruments. Chromogenic activity assays may avoid some limitations associated with one‐stage assays, but their regulatory status, perceived higher cost, and lack of laboratory expertise may influence their use. Haemophilia management guidelines recommend the differential application of one or both assays for initial diagnosis and disease severity characterisation, post‐infusion monitoring and replacement factor potency labelling. Efficient communication between clinical and laboratory staff is crucial to ensure application of the most appropriate assay to each clinical situation, correct interpretation of assay results and, ultimately, accurate diagnosis and optimal and safe treatment of haemophilia A or B patients.
Zoledronate rescues immunosuppressed monocytes in sepsis patients
Authors: Raffray Loïc , Burton Ross J. , Baker Sarah E. , Morgan Matt P. , Eberl Matthias 
Published: October 2019

SummarySevere sepsis is often accompanied by a transient immune paralysis, which is associated with enhanced susceptibility to secondary infections and poor clinical outcomes. The functional impairment of antigen‐presenting cells is considered to be a major hallmark of this septic immunosuppression, with reduced HLA‐DR expression on circulating monocytes serving as predictor of mortality. Unconventional lymphocytes like γδ T‐cells have the potential to restore immune defects in a variety of pathologies including cancer, but their use to rescue sepsis‐induced immunosuppression has not been investigated. Our own previous work showed that Vγ9/Vδ2+ γδ T‐cells are potent activators of monocytes from healthy volunteers in vitro, and in individuals with osteoporosis after first‐time administration of the anti‐bone resorption drug zoledronate in vivo. We show here that zoledronate readily induces upregulation of HLA‐DR, CD40 and CD64 on monocytes from both healthy controls and sepsis patients, which could be abrogated by neutralising the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)‐γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in the cultures. In healthy controls, the upregulation of HLA‐DR on monocytes was proportional to the baseline percentage of Vγ9/Vδ2 T‐cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell population. Of note, a proportion of sepsis patients studied here did not show a demonstrable response to zoledronate, predominantly patients with microbiologically confirmed bloodstream infections, compared with sepsis patients with more localised infections marked by negative blood cultures. Taken together, our results suggest that zoledronate can, at least in some individuals, rescue immunosuppressed monocytes during acute sepsis and thus may help improve clinical outcomes during severe infection.
Participant experiences in a feasibility trial of supervised exercise training in adults with venous leg ulcers: A qualitative study
Authors: Kesterton Sue , Crank Helen J. , Tew Garry A. , Michaels Jonathan , Gumber Anil , McIntosh Emma , King Brenda , Klonizakis Markos 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExercise training can improve lower‐limb cutaneous microvascular reactivity in adults with venous leg ulceration; however, there is a lack of research on patients' views about the acceptability and feasibility of exercise interventions. The aim of this study was to explore participants' experiences of the trial “Exploring the Feasibility of Implementing a Supervised Exercise Training and Compression Hosiery Intervention in Patients with Venous Ulceration” (FISCU). Semi‐structured face‐to‐face and telephone interviews were used to investigate participants' experiences (n = 16) of taking part in the FISCU trial. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were identified, along with 11 sub‐themes: (a) sedentary cautious living (because of pain and reduced mobility, treatment and perceived control, and advice to rest and be careful), (b) key components of the exercise trial (including motivation, an individualised intervention supervised by a specialist exercise professional, and satisfaction with the intervention), and (c) benefits of exercise (physical benefits and healing, psychological well‐being, positive impact on comorbidities, and an improved self‐management strategy). This study found that an exercise intervention was viewed by participants as positive, acceptable, and feasible while living with a venous leg ulcer. An individualised and supervised exercise programme was key to build confidence to exercise.
Biomolecular condensates in neurodegeneration and cancer
Authors: Spannl Stephanie , Tereshchenko Maria , Mastromarco Giovanni J. , Ihn Sean J. , Lee Hyun O. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe intracellular environment is partitioned into functionally distinct compartments containing specific sets of molecules and reactions. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to as membrane‐less organelles, are diverse and abundant cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures. Molecules assemble into condensates by phase separation; multivalent weak interactions drive molecules to separate from their surroundings and concentrate in discrete locations. Biomolecular condensates exist in all eukaryotes and in some prokaryotes, and participate in various essential house‐keeping, stress‐response and cell type‐specific processes. An increasing number of recent studies link abnormal condensate formation, composition and material properties to a number of disease states. In this review, we discuss current knowledge and models describing the regulation of condensates and how they become dysregulated in neurodegeneration and cancer. Further research on the regulation of biomolecular phase separation will help us to better understand their role in cell physiology and disease.
Optimal control strategies for a class of vector borne diseases, exemplified by a toy model for malaria
Authors: Anita Sebastian , Beretta Edoardo , Capasso Vincenzo 
Published: October 2019

This paper contains a unified review of a set of previous papers by the same authors concerning the mathematical modelling and control of malaria epidemics. The presentation moves from a conceptual mathematical model of malariaВ transmission in an homogeneous population. Among the key epidemiological features of thisВ model, two-age-classes (child and adult) and asymptomaticВ carriers have been included. As possible control measures, the extra mortality of mosquitoes due to the use of long-lasting treated mosquito nets (LLINs) andВ Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) have been included.В By taking advantage of the natural doubleВ time scale of the parasite and the human populations, it hasВ been possible to provide interesting threshold results.В In particular, key parameters have been identified such that below a threshold level, built on these parameters, the epidemic tends to extinction, while above another threshold level it tends to a nontrivial endemic state. The above model has motivated further analysisВ when a spatial structure of the relevant populations is added. Inspired by the above, additional model reductions have been introduced, which make the resulting reaction-diffusion system mathematically affordable.В Only the dynamics of theВ infected mosquitoes and of the infected humans has been included, so that a two-component reaction-diffusion system is finally taken.В The spread of theВ disease is controlled by three actions (controls)В implemented in aВ subdomain of the habitat: killing mosquitoes, treating theВ infected humans and reducing the contact rate mosquitoes-humans.To start with, the problem of the eradicability of the disease is considered, while the cost of the controls is ignored. We proveВ that it is possible to decrease exponentially both the humanВ and the vector infective population everywhere in the relevantВ habitat by acting only in a suitable subdomain. Later theВ regional control problem of reducing the total cost of theВ damages produced by the disease, of the controls and of theВ intervention in a certain subdomain is treated for the finite timeВ horizon case. In order to take theВ logistic structure of the habitat into account theВ level set method is used as a key ingredient for describing theВ subregion of intervention. Here this subregion has been better characterized by both area and perimeter.В The authors wish to stress that the target of this paper mainly is to attract the attention of the public health authorities towards anВ effective and affordable practice of implementation of possible control strategies.
Noninertial effects on a scalar field in a spacetime with a magnetic screw dislocation
Authors: Vitória Ricardo L. L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We investigate rotating effects on a charged scalar field immersed in spacetime with a magnetic screw dislocation. In addition to the hard-wall potential, which we impose to satisfy a boundary condition from the rotating effect, we insert a Coulomb-type potential and the Klein–Gordon oscillator into this system, where, analytically, we obtain solutions of bound states which are influenced not only by the spacetime topology, but also by the rotating effects, as a Sagnac-type effect modified by the presence of the magnetic screw dislocation.