bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confronting Incivility in the Online Classroom
Authors: Swartzwelder Kay , Clements Paul , Holt Karyn , Childs Gary 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT:Confronting incivility in the online classroom can significantly benefit from spiritual approaches that address behaviors on a continuum of mild to aggressive. This may include the need to intervene when covert or overt threats occur. Electronic communications can lead to misperceptions and misunderstandings between students and faculty. Lack of understanding of diverse cultures, life experiences, and professional and spiritual histories can lead to behaviors that are perceived as intentionally hostile when, in fact, they are not. It is important in the online classroom to differentiate between the two and establish expected virtual classroom behaviors.
210Po in Pacific Salmon from the West Coast of Canada and its Contribution to Dose by Ingestion
Authors: Chen J. , Cooke M.W. , Mercier J.F. , Trudel M. , Kellogg J. , Cullen J.T. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In response to public concern in Canada regarding health impacts attributable to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, oceanic seawater samples from the north Pacific and Arctic oceans, coastal seawater samples from 16 locations along the British Columbia coastline, and seafood samples (salmon, steelhead trout, and shellfish) from British Columbia coastal waters were collected and analyzed. This paper reports radiological analysis results of Pacific salmon samples (Oncorhynchus species) obtained from summer 2013 to fall 2016. While radioactive cesium from the Fukushima disaster was not detectable in most salmon samples, naturally occurring 210Po was measured in almost all individual samples in varying activity concentrations, from below the detection limit of 0.2 Bq kg−1 fresh weight up to 4.7 Bq kg−1 fresh weight. The average 210Po concentration among 297 salmon samples was 0.73 Bq kg−1 fresh weight. The average ingested radiation dose per kilogram of salmon from 210Po is estimated to be 0.88 μSv, and the average dose from 137Cs is estimated to be 0.0026 μSv. The annual dose from ingested salmon would be only a fraction of the worldwide average annual effective dose from exposure to natural background radiation (2,400 μSv y−1) (UNSCEAR 2000). The measurement results showed clearly that radiation doses to people consuming fish (such as salmon) from the Canadian west coast pose no health concern.
Optimization of Spectral String Data Analysis Using a Binomial Discriminator for Weak-source Detection Decisions
Authors: Meengs M. , Brogan J. , Brandl A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Operational health physics applications, such as radiological and nuclear monitoring and detection for homeland security or radiation protection purposes, generate time sequences of independent individual measurement data. Statistical algorithms have been developed that use the analysis of patterns in the data strings to enhance the test statistic for the decision on the absence or presence of a radiation source. These hypothesis test procedures have been applied to spectral data and have been optimized for the highest rate of correct identification of a weak 137Cs source at constant false positive detection rates. Optimization of correct detection decisions was investigated for various string data sequence lengths and for the regions of interest in the gamma spectrum. The highest correct source identification is achieved for string data analyses of the spectral contributions that maximize a ∆μ/σ criterion, including energy regions around and containing the photopeak, but potentially also regions in the gamma spectrum other than those photopeak energies.
OUTCOMES OF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT REPAIR AFTER FAILED PNEUMATIC RETINOPEXY
Authors: Vidne-Hay Orit , Abumanhal Muhammad , Elkader Amir Abd , Fogel Miri , Moisseiev Joseph , Moisseiev Elad 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the visual and anatomical outcomes of reoperations following failure of pneumatic retinopexy (PR) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair and compare the different surgical techniques used in these cases.

Methods:
The study included 114 eyes of 114 patients who underwent PR for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and required subsequent surgery for its repair. These included repeated PR, scleral buckling, vitrectomy with gas or silicone oil, and vitrectomy with scleral buckling. The groups were compared for rates of retinal reattachment, visual improvement, and the occurrence of recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and any other postoperative complications.

Results:
In 91 (79.8%) eyes, the retina was reattached with one additional procedure. The success rate was significantly lower in eyes treated by repeated PR than by other surgical techniques (33 vs. 76–90%; P < 0.001). Visual acuity after PR failure was not significantly different than that at presentation and had improved significantly after surgery for retinal reattachment (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Pneumatic retinopexy failure was not associated with visual acuity loss, and the outcomes in 79.2% of cases that required only one additional surgery are comparable with those achieved with primary surgery. Poor outcomes were associated with eyes that required more than one additional surgery and that suffered complications.
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Using Tissues From Donors With a History of Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Boulter Tyler , Rayl Sarah , McEntire M. Wade , Mifflin Mark 
Published: March 2019

Purpose:
We report 2 successful cases of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty using transplanted tissues from donors with a history of radial keratotomy (RK).

Methods:
Four corneas were obtained from 2 donors with a history of RK. After one successful laboratory practice preparation of Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (DMEK) for each patient, 2 additional donor tissues were prepared for DMEK using the established eye bank protocols.

Results:
Recipient 1 was a 69-year-old female patient who underwent DMEK 6 hours after eye bank preparation of the graft. The postoperative course was uneventful with a clear, attached graft noted at all postoperative visits. The endothelial cell count of the recipient at 7 months was 1953 cells/mm2, and the best-corrected distance visual acuity at 1 year was 20/25 + 2. Recipient 2 was a 79-year-old male patient whose DMEK surgery was performed 18 hours after eye bank preparation of the graft. The postoperative course was notable for a re-bubble with air at postoperative day 4 for a peripheral 30% detachment of the donor tissue. No adverse events were noted, with a clear, attached graft at all postoperative visits. A recipient cell count at 6 months showed 2024 cells/mm2, and the best-corrected distance visual acuity at 1 year was 20/20.

Conclusions:
Two patients received successful DMEK grafts using tissues from donors with a history of RK. Careful eye bank screening and processing of RK donor tissues has thus far yielded similar outcomes in our recipient patients to what would be expected using tissues from donors without a history of RK.
The Comparative Effect of Cosmetic and Mechanical Prosthesis on Quality of Life and Performance in People With Medium-Length Below-Elbow Amputation
Authors: Moradi-Hades Atiye , Farmani Farzad , Mardani Mohammad Ali , Bahramizadeh Mahmood , Heidarimoghadam Rashid 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Upper-limb prostheses are divided into three groups: cosmetic (passive), mechanical, and powered. Each of these groups has specific characteristics and would be prescribed for special purposes. Some studies have separately examined function and quality of mechanical and cosmetic prostheses. Using the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES), the present research was aimed to compare and evaluate the quality of life and function of individuals with medium-length below-elbow amputation using mechanical and cosmetic prostheses.

Materials and Methods
Fifty-two individuals with medium-length below-elbow amputation voluntarily participated in this study. The TAPES questionnaire was used in this study.

Results
Regarding the general adjustment subscale, social adjustment subscale, functional activity subscale, social activity, appearance, satisfaction of weight, and functional satisfaction, significant differences were seen between two groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference was experienced between the groups in adjustment with restrictions subscale, sociopsychological adjustment, professional activity subscale, activity scale, and prosthesis satisfaction.

Conclusions
It was found out that each of these two types of prosthesis is suitable for special activities and tasks, and each has a specific function that potentially could improve an individual's quality of life. Because both cosmetic and mechanical prostheses have their own strengths and weaknesses, they can both together be used by one individual with amputation, complement each other, and fulfill the needs of the person with amputation.
Temperament and Depression After a First Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ossola Paolo , Generali Irene , Schito Graziana , De Panfilis Chiara , Tonna Matteo , Gerra Maria Lidia , Marchesi Carlo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Few studies assess the role of personality styles in predicting the onset of depression among cardiac patients. This study evaluates whether temperament and character can represent a risk factor for the development of incident first-ever depressive episodes in patients at their first acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Two hundred sixty-seven (72.1%) subjects (male) completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) a few days after the cardiac event. At baseline and after 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months of follow-up, the participants completed the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorder (PRIME-MD) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to establish the presence of a depressive episode and its severity. During the follow-up, 61 (22.8%) participants developed a depressive episode. Temperamental risk factors for incident depression were scored high on novelty seeking and harm avoidance at the TCI. Given the detrimental effect of depression on cardiac prognosis, clinicians should take temperament variables into account when determining the treatment plans of their patients with ACS.
Facilitators and Barriers to Minority Blood Donations
Authors: Spratling Regena , Lawrence Raymona H. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMinority blood donations have historically been low in the United States; however, increasing the proportion of minority blood donations is essential to reducing blood transfusion complications—particularly in African Americans with sickle cell disease and thalassemia.ObjectivesThe research question was as follows: What are the facilitators and barriers to blood donation in minority populations?MethodsBeginning August 2017, we conducted a literature search using the following electronic databases: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Sociological Collection, Cochrane Library, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses, and PubMed, which continued through December 2017. Based on primarily descriptive data in the articles (n= 15), the systematic review proceeded as a meta-synthesis. An inductive approach was used to analyze commonalities, differences, patterns, and themes in the study findings; interpret the findings; and synthesize the findings to generate new knowledge about the phenomena of study.ResultsThe themes included (a) knowing a blood recipient; (b) identifying with culture, race/ethnicity, and religious affiliation; and (c) medical mistrust and misunderstanding. All were prominent in the descriptions of minorities on blood donation and exist as facilitators and barriers.DiscussionThe reviewed studies demonstrated that facilitators and barriers to minority blood donations are complex and exist concurrently. Community education and communication about blood donation have a positive effect on fellow community members, including friends and family, in racial and ethnic minorities that are underrepresented among blood donors. Findings further suggest the need to rebuild trust among minority communities.
Latin America trauma systems—Mexico and Brazil
Authors: Padilla Rojas Luis Gerardo , López Cervantes Roberto Enrique , Pérez Atanasio José Manuel , Sánchez Mónica Martínez , Gómez Acevedo José Máximo , Kojima Kodi Edson 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this brief review, the authors describe the main characteristics of trauma systems in Latin America's 2 most populous countries, Mexico and Brazil. Trauma is a common health problem and the major cause of death in the young populations in both countries. Mexico and Brazil have well-organized systems based on system designation and prehospital triage. The highest level trauma hospitals are only available in the biggest cities, with residents of the smaller cities having less access to quality care. Both countries can provide adequate musculoskeletal trauma and polytrauma care, but the systems are not universally equal and, therefore, not ideal. The lack of consistency and standardization of the systems across each country must be addressed to improve patient outcomes across each country.
The Invisible Product: Preferences for Sustained-Release, Long-Acting Pre-exposure Prophylaxis to HIV Among South African Youth
Authors: Montgomery Elizabeth T. , Atujuna Millicent , Krogstad Emily , Hartmann Miriam , Ndwayana Sheily , O'Rourke Shannon , Bekker Linda-Gail , van der Straten Ariane , Minnis Alexandra M. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Long-acting injectable and implantable approaches aim to overcome some of the documented challenges with uptake and adherence to current HIV prevention methods. Youth are a key end-user population for these methods. We used qualitative methods to examine product attributes and preferences for current and future long-acting HIV prevention approaches.

Methods:
Ninety-five South African youth aged 18–24 years, of whom 62 were female and 33 male, completed 50 interviews and 6 focus groups. We purposively selected for previous product experience, including oral pre-exposure prophylaxis, injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis, or the vaginal ring, to ensure participants' opinions were rooted in actual experience.

Results:
Irrespective of previous method-use experience, gender, or sexual orientation, the majority expressed a preference for prevention methods formulated as injectables or implants. Several mentioned that their top priority in any product was efficacy, and for some, this overrode other concerns; for example, even if they feared pain, an implant or an injectable would be used if fully protective. Although efficacy was a top priority, there was also a clear desire across all subgroups for a product that would not interfere with sex, would stay in the system to provide protection, and that caused minimal burden, or was not apparent to others, and these characteristics were most salient for long-acting methods.

Conclusions:
Narrative explanations for preferences converged thematically around different dimensions of “invisibility” including invisibility to oneself, one's partner and household members, and community members. End-user preferences can be used to inform product development of long-acting HIV prevention approaches formulated as injections or implants to optimize adherence and impact.
Transcranial Blade Injuries and Principles of Their Safe Extraction
Authors: Azzi Alain J. , Saluja Rajeet , Mankowski Peter , Wakil Susan , Arthurs Bryan , Lessard Lucie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Retained cranial blade injuries are uncommon events lacking standardized recommendations for appropriate surgical extraction. The authors present a case of a 30-year-old male who sustained a penetrating blade injury of the left orbit with intracranial extension through the skull base into the temporal lobe. The patient walked to the emergency room and remained alert. Clinically, the patient had only a small laceration of the left upper eyelid with no gross visual impairment.
The radiological investigation confirmed the presence of a knife blade in the orbit. Intraoperative management included an intracranial approach and an extracranial craniofacial dissection for blade visualization and soft tissue protection, globe protection and to avoid any major bleeding. A thorough review of the penetrating cranial injuries literature is presented and a trauma management algorithm is offered for the care of similar injuries.
The Effect of Dexamethasone on Pain Severity After Zygomatic Complex Fractures
Authors: Kormi Eeva , Thorén Hanna , Snäll Johanna , Törnwall Jyrki 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The authors sought to assess the effect of systemic perioperative dexamethasone (DXM) on pain severity after zygomatic complex (ZC) fracture surgery. To achieve this, the authors conducted a prospective randomized observer-blinded trial on 63 patients with isolated ZC fracture requiring surgical intervention. Patients randomly received either perioperative systemic DXM (10 or 30 mg), or served as controls receiving no DXM, and postoperative pain severity was assessed. Pain was measured with a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) each time that analgesics (1 g paracetamol 4 times daily or oxycodone upon request) were administered, and analyzed as the area under the VAS curve for the immediate postoperative 24 hours. This further divided experienced pain into 2 categories (mild, or moderate to severe) using VAS = 4 as the cutoff. For statistics the authors used χ
2 test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression analysis, setting significance at P < 0.05. Zygomatic complex fracture patients receiving perioperative systemic DXM experienced milder pain compared with controls (P = 0.04). Subgroups receiving DXM (10 or 30 mg) reported no statistical difference regarding pain (P = 0.43). Overall, patients receiving DXM experienced less pain, thus DXM may be recommended as pre-emptive analgesic. Nonetheless, considering the possible adverse effects, a 10 mg single dose may be sufficient.
Comprehensive Analyses of Intraoral Benign and Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumors: The Rare Disease Entities Revisited
Authors: Song Yue , Hu Jiaan , Wu Yaping , Wang Dongmiao , Wang Yanling , Zhang Ping , Jiang Hongbing , Yang Jianrong , Cheng Jie 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:Intraoral benign and malignant nerve sheath tumors (BNST and MNST) are rare tumors with non-specific clinical presentations and represent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Current knowledge regarding their demographic, clinicopathological features and treatments remains fragmented.Materials and Methods:The original data about patients diagnosed as intraoral BNST and MNST were retrieved from our disease registry (2005–2017). Comprehensive reviews of English and Chinese literature were performed to collect and analyze the epidemiological, clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes about those published cases.Results:Thirty-four intraoral BNSTs were found at our institution in the past 13 years. Literature reviews identified 354 intraoral BNSTs in 223 articles and 60 intraoral MNSTs in 50 articles. Most intraoral BNSTs and MNSTs were presented in the second to fifth decade of life. Males outnumbered females in MNSTs, while BNSTs displayed a slight female preponderance. The common sites for intraoral BNSTs were parapharyngeal space followed by tongue, whereas mandible was the most common site for MNSTs. Most intraoral BNSTs were presented as slow-growing, painless mass or swelling, while MNSTs usually appeared as painful and invasive mass with discomfort. Surgical excision was preferred for intraoral BNSTs with excellent prognosis. Complete resection was indicated for intraoral MNST with dismal prognosis as evidenced by much recurrence, metastasis, and death.Conclusion:Intraoral BNST and MNST are rare diseases which should not be ignored when intraoral painless or painful mass/swelling is found. Surgical excision is indicated for intraoral BNST with favorable outcomes. However, further investigations are warranted to optimize the treatment for intraoral MNST to improve its prognosis.
Treatment of Synchronous Traumatic Perforations of the Trachea and the Esophagus With Two Inferiorly Based Strap Muscle Interposition Flaps: An Innovative Approach
Authors: Rammos Charalambos K. , Anderson Richard C. , Taege Sara M. , King Victor A. , Yoo Aran 
Published: March 2019

Traumatic perforations of the esophagus and trachea are devastating injuries that necessitate prompt treatment. Large defects benefit from coverage with well vascularized tissue. Injuries at the level of the thoracic inlet are more challenging, as the options for local tissue coverage are limited.
This report describes the case of a 24-year-old male who suffered gunshot wounds to his neck resulting in right posterolateral tracheal perforation as well as esophageal perforation at the level of the thoracic inlet. Bronchoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed injury of the trachea at 19 cm from the incisors and 2 large defects of the anterior and posterior esophagus at 26 cm. The esophageal defects were temporized with a stent at a first stage. Plastic surgery team was then consulted for flap coverage of the defects.
The thoracic team exposed the tracheal and esophageal perforations with a j-type incision of the neck, extending to the sternal notch, and the esophageal stent was removed. The 2 muscles, sternohyoid (SH) and sternothyroid (ST), were dissected free and were inferiorly rotated after they were disinserted superiorly. The SH was placed between the trachea and the esophagus, and the ST between the esophagus and the spine.
Postoperative, the patient was receiving nutrition via a gastrostomy tube. An esophagogram was performed on postoperative day (POD) # 7, which showed no esophageal leak. Postoperative diet was started and the patient was discharged on POD# 10 in a good condition. Twelve months postoperative, his wounds were found to be intact, and had no trouble either with breathing or swallowing.

Level of Evidence:
V
Nonreimbursed Costs Incurred by Living Kidney Donors: A Case Study From Ontario, Canada
Authors: Barnieh Lianne , Klarenbach Scott , Arnold Jennifer , Cuerden Meaghan , Knoll Greg , Lok Charmaine , Sontrop Jessica M. , Miller Matthew , Ramesh Prasad G.V. , Przech Sebastian , Garg Amit X. 
Published: March 2019

Background.
Living donors may incur out-of-pocket costs during the donation process. While many jurisdictions have programs to reimburse living kidney donors for expenses, few programs have been evaluated.

Methods.
The Program for Reimbursing Expenses of Living Organ Donors was launched in the province of Ontario, Canada in 2008 and reimburses travel, parking, accommodation, meals, and loss of income; each category has a limit and the maximum total reimbursement is $5500 CAD. We conducted a case study to compare donors’ incurred costs (out-of-pocket and lost income) with amounts reimbursed by Program for Reimbursing Expenses of Living Organ Donors. Donors with complete or partial cost data from a large prospective cohort study were linked to Ontario’s reimbursement program to determine the gap between incurred and reimbursed costs (n = 159).

Results.
The mean gap between costs incurred and costs reimbursed to the donors was $1313 CAD for out-of-pocket costs and $1802 CAD for lost income, representing a mean reimbursement gap of $3115 CAD. Nondirected donors had the highest mean loss for out-of-pocket costs ($2691 CAD) and kidney paired donors had the highest mean loss for lost income ($4084 CAD). There were no significant differences in the mean gap across exploratory subgroups.

Conclusions.
Reimbursement programs minimize some of the financial loss for living kidney donors. Opportunities remain to remove the financial burden of living kidney donors.