bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versorgungsforschung in der Akutschmerztherapie
Authors: Nestler Nadja , Maier Christoph , Osterbrink Jürgen 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund
Bis Anfang der 2000er-Jahre wurden Optimierungsnotwendigkeiten in der Akutschmerztherapie in Krankenhäusern aufgezeigt. Dabei wurden nur wenige Erfolge in der Optimierung erreicht. Da die Akutschmerzversorgung in Deutschland anhaltend unbefriedigend blieb, wurden die ersten Versorgungsforschungsprojekte in der Schmerzmedizin initiiert. Diese sollten Verbesserungen in der Versorgung von Patientinnen und Patienten erzielen.

Ziel
Zur Darstellung der Anfänge der Versorgungsforschung im Bereich der Schmerzmedizin in Deutschland werden die Forschungsprojekte „Schmerzfreies Krankenhaus“ und „Aktionsbündnis Schmerzfreie Stadt Münster“ sowie die Zertifizierungsinitiative Certkom e. V. beschrieben.

Material und Methoden
Im Sinne einer komplexen Intervention erfolgten in allen dargestellten Projekten eine Ist-Analyse der Schmerzversorgung der Patientinnen und Patienten sowie des interdisziplinären Schmerzmanagements, eine Ableitung von Optimierungsmaßnahmen, deren Implementierung sowie eine nachfolgende Evaluation.

Ergebnisse
Alle Projekte konnten durch eine systematische Erhebung der Ist-Situation, gezielte Planung und Einführung von Optimierungsmaßnahmen Verbesserungen in der Patientinnen- und Patientenversorgung erzielen. Entsprechende Evaluationen konnten dies darstellen.

Schlussfolgerung
Durch das systematische Vorgehen in den Projekten mit Erhebung wissenschaftlicher Daten in der Versorgung wurden Optimierungen in der Akutschmerzversorgung erzielt. Der Grundstein für weitere Versorgungsforschung in der Schmerztherapie in Deutschland wurde gelegt. Jedoch offenbarten die Projekte auch Grenzen in der Einbeziehung vulnerabler Patientinnen- und Patientengruppen.
Psychotherapeutische Versorgung mit hochfrequenten und längerfristigen (psychodynamischen/psychoanalytischen) Behandlungen
Authors: Löffler-Stastka Henriette , Freilinger Sabine , Gonaus Maria , Handlbauer Bernhard , Hornung-Ichikawa Ela , Horvath Eva , Kirchner Bodo , Posch Klaus , Sachs-Erfurth Gabriele , Schnegg Stephan , Wachter Christian , Windhager Karoline 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird auf die Vorteile einer längerfristigen hochfrequenten (gegebenenfalls mittelfrequenten) psychodynamischen beziehungsweise psychoanalytischen Krankenbehandlung bei entsprechender Indikation eingegangen. Während leichtere Störungen zunehmend akzeptiert und behandelt werden, stoßen Patient:innen mit schweren und schwersten Störungen auf erhebliche Hürden – wie die Auswahl geeigneter Therapeut:innen und die finanzielle Belastung durch höherfrequente Therapien, die meist nicht von Krankenkassen abgedeckt werden – unabhängig von der jeweiligen Psychotherapiemethode. Dies bringt für diese Patient:innen massive Beeinträchtigungen und psychische wie physische Nachteile mit sich.Die Diagnostik und Indikationsstellung sind komplex und erfordern eine differenzierte Betrachtung der individuellen psychischen Struktur und Funktionsweise. Aktuelle Studien zeigen deutlich, dass hochfrequente psychodynamische beziehungsweise psychoanalytische Therapien bei schweren psychischen Störungen mit entsprechender Indikation eine hohe Wirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit, auch bei Gruppentherapien und bei der Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen, zeigen. Langfristig können diese Therapien (wie auch andere Therapieformen) nicht nur das Leid mindern, sondern auch Kosten im Gesundheitssystem reduzieren. Daher sollen all diese Behandlungen stärker verankert und weiterentwickelt werden, um die individuellen, gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Vorteile besser nutzen zu können.Es werden unterschiedliche Aspekte dieses Problembereichs herausgearbeitet und in den Rahmen internationaler Forschungsergebnisse gestellt.
Novel antiseizure medications in the development pipeline: promising candidates and recent failures
Authors: Löscher W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the past decade, we have observed a paradigm shift in the discovery of novel antiseizure medications (ASMs), which is a consequence of significant progress in epilepsy genetics, the availability of novel disease models, drug-screening technologies, the discovery of new mechanisms of action, expanding existing drugs into new populations, or new routes of delivery. This resulted in a very rich pipeline of potential future treatments for epilepsy, including gene-modifying treatments for rare genetic epilepsies and mechanistically guided precision treatments. Hopes are high that this pipeline may bring therapeutic breakthroughs similar to those recently achieved with cenobamate for the common drug-resistant focal epilepsy and fenfluramine for seizures in Dravet syndrome. Furthermore, we stand at the beginning of a new era of epilepsy treatment expansion, from traditional seizure suppression to disease prevention and modification. This review discusses the most advanced and promising candidates in the clinical development pipeline but also describes recent failures in the development of novel ASMs.
Iron-loaded activated carbon cloth as CDI electrode material for selective recovery of phosphate
Authors: Sharker Tanzila , Gamaethiralalage Jayaruwan G. , Qu Qiyang , Xiao Xinxin , Dykstra Jouke E. , de Smet Louis C. P. M. , Muff Jens 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the efficacy of oxidised iron-loaded activated carbon cloth (Fe-ACC) for selective recovery of phosphorous. The capacitive deionisation (CDI) technology was employed, for rapid removal of phosphate, with the aim of reducing the reliance on high alkalinity environment for the regeneration of Fe-ACC electrode. Multiple experimental parameters, including applied potential, pH, and co-existing ions, were studied. Additionally, the CDI system was tested on a real water matrix (Lake Ormstrup, Denmark) to elucidate the electrodes’ performance on selective recovery of phosphate. About 69 ± 10% of the adsorbed phosphate were released at pH 12 via pure chemical desorption, which was ~ 50% higher than that at pH 9. The CDI system successfully demonstrated the selective removal of phosphate from the lake water. It reduced the concentration of phosphate from 1.69 to 0.49 mg/L with a 71% removal efficiency, while the removal percentages of other anions, namely chloride, sulphate, bromide, nitrite, nitrate, and fluoride, were 10%, 7%, 1%, 1.5%, 4%, and 7%, respectively.
Eosinophile Ösophagitis – aktuelles und zukünftiges Management
Authors: Kreienbühl Andrea , Straumann Alex 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungLeitsymptom der eosinophilen Ösophagitis (EoE) ist die Dysphagie bei soliden Speisen. Die Diagnose wird durch die histologische Untersuchung von Stufenbiopsien aus dem Ösophagus gestellt, wobei die Dichte der Eosinophilen ≥ 15 Zellen/hochauflösendes Gesichtsfeld (HPF) betragen muss. Nichtinvasive Methoden zur Diagnosesicherung konnten sich bislang nicht durchsetzen. Das therapeutische Spektrum der EoE kann auf folgende 3 Kategorien heruntergebrochen werden: Medikamente (topisch wirksame Kortikosteroide, Protonenpumpenhemmer, Biologika), Eliminationsdiäten sowie Dilatation (Bougierung des Ösophagus). Neben der „klassischen“ EoE zeigen sich vermehrt „EoE-Varianten“ mit EoE-typischen Beschwerden ohne Nachweis einer signifikanten Gewebeeosinophilie. Mittels der heute zugelassenen Medikamente können 60–80 % der Patient in eine Remission gebracht werden. Das medikamentöse Armamentarium wird in den kommenden Jahren erweitert werden. Unter anderem könnten topisch wirksame Immunsuppressiva, monoklonale Antikörper gegen Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP), kleine Moleküle und S1P-Rezeptor-Modulatoren Eingang in die EoE-Therapie finden.
Characterising Cancer Cell Responses to Cyclic Hypoxia Using Mathematical Modelling
Authors: Celora Giulia L. , Nixson Ruby , Pitt-Francis Joe M. , Maini Philip K. , Byrne Helen M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn vivo observations show that oxygen levels in tumours can fluctuate on fast and slow timescales. As a result, cancer cells can be periodically exposed to pathologically low oxygen levels; a phenomenon known as cyclic hypoxia. Yet, little is known about the response and adaptation of cancer cells to cyclic, rather than, constant hypoxia. Further, existing in vitro models of cyclic hypoxia fail to capture the complex and heterogeneous oxygen dynamics of tumours growing in vivo. Mathematical models can help to overcome current experimental limitations and, in so doing, offer new insights into the biology of tumour cyclic hypoxia by predicting cell responses to a wide range of cyclic dynamics. We develop an individual-based model to investigate how cell cycle progression and cell fate determination of cancer cells are altered following exposure to cyclic hypoxia. Our model can simulate standard in vitro experiments, such as clonogenic assays and cell cycle experiments, allowing for efficient screening of cell responses under a wide range of cyclic hypoxia conditions. Simulation results show that the same cell line can exhibit markedly different responses to cyclic hypoxia depending on the dynamics of the oxygen fluctuations. We also use our model to investigate the impact of changes to cell cycle checkpoint activation and damage repair on cell responses to cyclic hypoxia. Our simulations suggest that cyclic hypoxia can promote heterogeneity in cellular damage repair activity within vascular tumours.
A decision tree for predicting the causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia from thin-section computed tomography
Authors: Sato Haruka , Okada Fumito , Nakao Yusuke , Asayama Yoshiki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To determine whether decision trees are useful for predicting organisms that cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Materials and methods
We developed a decision tree for predicting the organisms that cause CAP based on previously reported characteristic computed tomography findings. Sixteen readers (two student doctors, six residents, and eight radiologists) separately diagnosed 68 randomly selected cases of CAP using chest computed tomography. The first, second, and third most likely causative organisms were estimated for each case, and the percentages of correct answers were evaluated for consistency with the isolated organisms. The same 68 cases were then read again using the decision tree, with the first three most likely organisms again being estimated, and the percentage of agreement was evaluated as the percentage of correct responses after using the decision tree.

Results
For student doctors, residents, and radiologists, the percentage of correct responses increased significantly (p < 0.0001) when the decision tree was used to predict the first, second, and third most probable causative organism. The radiologists all obtained an accuracy rate of 80% or higher when estimating up to three candidate organisms using the decision tree. The organism for which the decision tree was most useful was Mycoplasma pneumoniae, followed by Haemophilus influenzae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Use of the decision tree made it possible to estimate the organisms responsible for CAP with a high correct response rate.
Adjusting the significance of daily climate responses in tree-ring proxies
Authors: Torbenson Max C. A. , Stagge James H. , Chen Feng , Ziaco Emanuele , Esper Jan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCorrelating tree-ring parameters with daily resolved climate data is becoming increasingly common for understanding the complex relationships between tree growth and the surrounding environment. However, with an increased number of calculated correlations, there is an inherent risk of spurious significance. In this study, we present an analysis using synthetic weather and tree-ring data mimicking the statistical properties of ten real-world sites across Europe to quantify the extent to which numerous comparisons may inflate maximum correlations. Comparisons of different tree-ring proxies, considering varying overlapping period lengths and seasons, revealed 95th percentile correlation differences reaching 0.25 by chance. Using synthetic tree-ring chronologies with an assigned non-signal (r = 0.00), spurious correlations can reach statistical significance in over 60% of tests. Correlation inflation is greater when: (1) the climate-proxy relationship is weaker; (2) comparison periods are shorter; and (3) the length of seasonal windows is longer. Autocorrelation in the proxy records does not appear to have a major effect. These findings indicate that caution should be exercised when computing high numbers of correlations with limited observations. We provide tables listing correlation inflations for precipitation- and temperature-sensitive tree-ring chronologies that can inform interpretations of significance.
Diagnostic value of systematic compression ultrasonography for the detection of unrecognized venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to an internal medicine ward for dyspnea
Authors: Sola Daniele , Bonometti Ramona , Comola Giulia , Manfredi Giulia Francesca , Perazzi Mattia , Patrucco Filippo , Gavelli Francesco , Scacchi Massimo , Prina Elisa , Pirisi Mario , Bellan Mattia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is complex, and many cases of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) go undetected despite validated diagnostic algorithms. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of compression ultrasound (CUS) when systematically performed in patients admitted to an internal medicine department for dyspnea and/or respiratory failure. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of consecutive adult hospitalized patients admitted for dyspnea and/or respiratory failure with at least one of the following: tachycardia (> 100 bpm), tachypnea (> 20/min), chest pain, cough, syncope, or hemoptysis. Patients with a previous diagnosis of VTE or who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) or CUS during evaluation in the emergency department were excluded. The study included 263 patients (50.2% women, average age 84 years). CUS was positive in 31 patients (11.8%); Bilateral DVT was diagnosed in two patients and unilateral DVT in 29 patients. Of these, 10 underwent CT scan, with PE confirmed in 9 cases. Using the Wells score for DVT (cut-off ≥ 2), only 8 patients (25.8%) were at high risk. The accuracy of the Wells score in identifying PE was suboptimal, as 5 of 9 patients (55.5%) with confirmed PE were in the low-risk group (three-level interpretation) and 8 (89.9%) were in the “EP unlikely” group (two-level interpretation). The systematic use of CUS as a point-of-care tool can improve the diagnostic accuracy for VTE in patients admitted to internal medicine departments with dyspnea/respiratory failure.
Evaluating stress resilience of cyanobacteria through flow cytometry and fluorescent viability assessment
Authors: Kroupová Zuzana , Slaninová Eva , Mrázová Kateřina , Krzyžánek Vladislav , Hrubanová Kamila , Fritz Ines , Obruča Stanislav 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms characterised by their complex structures and a wide range of pigments. With their ability to fix CO2, cyanobacteria are interesting for white biotechnology as cell factories to produce various high-value metabolites such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, pigments, or proteins. White biotechnology is the industrial production and processing of chemicals, materials, and energy using microorganisms. It is known that exposing cyanobacteria to low levels of stressors can induce the production of secondary metabolites. Understanding of this phenomenon, known as hormesis, can involve the strategic application of controlled stressors to enhance the production of specific metabolites. Consequently, precise measurement of cyanobacterial viability becomes crucial for process control. However, there is no established reliable and quick viability assay protocol for cyanobacteria since the task is challenging due to strong interferences of autofluorescence signals of intercellular pigments and fluorescent viability probes when flow cytometry is used. We performed the screening of selected fluorescent viability probes used frequently in bacteria viability assays. The results of our investigation demonstrated the efficacy and reliability of three widely utilised types of viability probes for the assessment of the viability of Synechocystis strains. The developed technique can be possibly utilised for the evaluation of the importance of polyhydroxyalkanoates for cyanobacterial cultures with respect to selected stressor—repeated freezing and thawing. The results indicated that the presence of polyhydroxyalkanoate granules in cyanobacterial cells could hypothetically contribute to the survival of repeated freezing and thawing.
Almost the same, but not quite: an analysis of Late Bronze Age swords in the Balearic Islands
Authors: Perelló Mateo Laura , Llull Estarellas Bartomeu , Calvo Trías Manuel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the present work we carry out a study of all the Late Bronze Age swords recorded in the Balearic Islands. They represent a set of local practices and traditions alongside foreign ideas and archetypes. To carry out the study, we employ a strategy that joins technological and archaeometric analyses with approaches that consider isotopes and typologies. Of note among the data considered is the importance of metal coming from deposits in Linares, followed by Menorca and Mallorca, and finally, more marginally, Sardinia. A technological analysis of the manufacturing processes provides evidence, in a local context, of the use of the lost-wax casting technique, compound objects, and ternary bronzes, all technologies foreign to the Balearic Islands. Finally, we reflect on the local practices in which these objects were embroiled. All of this allows us to provide an in-depth examination of the interaction networks as well as the changes that took place in local metallurgical practices as the result of the circulation of ideas and knowledge.
Towards biocultural realism: Connecting conservation with historical ecology and common sense. A European perspective
Authors: Bobiec Andrzej , Rotherham Ian D. , Kırca Simay , Molnár Zsolt , Agnoletti Mauro 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this perspective, we present and discuss four major causes of the worldwide nature conservation failure: 1) ideologies based on nature–culture dualism, 2) the bias prioritising forests in conservation, 3) the illusory objectiveness of selected biological indicators, and 4) the mismanagement of rural agricultural landscapes. All of these relate to ignorance of historical ecology and neglect of the role past plays in shaping landscapes and fostering biodiversity. These led to a false anthropology focussed on the broader human economy (including agriculture) as the absolute culprit of biodiversity loss. It is believed, therefore, that biodiversity preservation depends on conservation policies and actions providing protection against human activities, such as farming. In this way, nature conservation has been detached from the rich experiences of long and fruitful coexistence of people with other elements of nature. The bio-cultural legacy includes biodiversity-rich rural landscapes, whose habitats are often either neglected or wrongly interpreted as “remnants of natural ecosystems”. Consequently, conservation efforts are frequently ineffective or worse still, counter-effective. In the face of policies favouring subsidised intensive agribusiness at the cost of destroying smallholder family farming, even expensive conservation projects are usually nothing more than a “fig leaf” to cover failure. We advocate re-focussing of conservation planning to put more emphasis on landscapes’ historical ecology responsible for their bio-cultural diversity. It implies the need for new principles in policies necessary to secure the economic and cultural sovereignty of local socio-ecological systems responsible for the world’s bio-cultural diversity.
The Effect of Biochar on Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Cultivar Micro-Tom Grown under Continuous Light
Authors: Nicholas Larissa , Devine Aisling , Robertson Iain , Mabbett Ian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractContinuous lighting (CL) has the potential to increase crop yield in greenhouse production. Tomato plants, however, when exposed to CL develop inter-vascular chlorosis, a leaf injury which causes a reduction in chlorophyll content and necrosis. The application of biochar can reduce physiological stress in plants, we examine if biochar also reduces necrosis in tomatoes when grown under CL. Faecal sludge biochar was applied to an acidic soil to examine plant growth and yield in Micro-Tom tomato plants grown under continuous light. We examined soil and plant growth properties of three soil application treatments: a control soil, biochar treatment (4%w/w) (Biochar), and a combined biochar (2% w/w) and fertilizer (2% w/w) treatment (Biochar + Fert). Faecal sludge biochar addition produced plant heights 216% greater than control and above ground biomass 583% greater than control. The biochar and fertilizer treatment group produced a 487% increase in leaf number compared to biochar. The combined biochar and fertilizer treatment produced a 398% increase in dried above ground biomass and a 177% increase in dried fruit yield compared with biochar. Plants in the biochar and fertilizer treatment group showed less visual evidence of continuous light induced leaf injury.Biochar addition did not limit continuous light induced leaf chlorosis whereas combined biochar and fertilizer treatment resulted in a significant reduction in leaf injury and death. Overall, the application of biochar and biochar and fertilizer combined increased crop yield.
How Chinese adolescents present themselves online regarding physical activity
Authors: Cui Min , Frühauf Anika , Demetriou Yolanda 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Digital tools with social networking features are often utilised to promote physical activity among adolescents. However, the need to improve users’ experiences, motivation and engagement with these tools pointed out the need to explore experiences from adolescents’ perspectives. This study is a qualitative study exploring adolescents’ online culture, norms, self-presentation, and self-exposure regarding their physical activity, taking Chinese adolescents as the target population in a collectivist culture context. Inspired by Goffman’s dramaturgical model and Boyd’s concept of self-representation in digital media, we aim to explore how Chinese adolescents construct their online physical activity self-presentation, as well as what and how socio-cultural norms play a role in this process. After drawing a population sample from Chinese adolescents (aged 14–19 years, 50% female) and conducting 13 focus group discussions, our results suggested that Chinese adolescents are willing to construct an active, encouraging, modest and safe physical activity self-presentation on social media, but they also perceived body dissatisfaction, online comparison and privacy intrusion as potential dangers in physical activity self-presentation at the same time. The results demonstrated that Chinese adolescents’ physical activity self-presentation is the result of the interplay and negotiation between personal norms and sociocultural norms.