bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkaline extracellular conditions promote the proliferation and mineralization of a human cementoblast cell line
Authors: Muramatsu T. , Kashiwagi S. , Ishizuka H. , Matsuura Y. , Furusawa M. , Kimura M. , Shibukawa Y. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the proliferation and mineralization of a human cementoblast cell line under alkaline conditions.MethodologyA human cementoblast cell line was cultured in alkaline media with several pHs (pH 7.6, 8.0 and 8.4) without CO2. Cell numbers, phospho‐p44/42 expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization were evaluated. The significance of differences between groups was assessed using two‐way analysis of variance 15 (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test (α = 0.01).ResultsCell numbers increased in a time‐dependent manner in the high pH medium groups. Western blot analysis revealed the upregulated expression of phospho‐p44/42 under alkaline conditions. ALP activity was also increased at pH 8.0 and 8.4. Alizarin red staining revealed increased mineralization in the high pH medium groups. The incorporation of the transient receptor potential ankyrin subfamily member 1 (TRPA1) antagonist HC030031 markedly negated the effect on proliferation and mineralization.ConclusionsExtracellular alkaline conditions promoted the proliferation and mineralization of human cementoblasts in vitro via TRPA1.
Structure development and dielectric properties of Zn‐doped Pb([Mg,Fe],W)O3 perovskite ceramics
Authors: Lee Woo‐Joon , Kim Nam‐Kyoung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCeramic samples of a pseudo‐binary system Pb(Mg1/2W1/2)O3‐Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 (PMW‐PFW) were prepared by solid‐state reaction. In addition, their compositions were modified by 20 mol% Pb(Zn1/2W1/2)O3 (PZW) doping in order to investigate the role of zinc in the perovskite formation and dielectric properties. The perovskite contents were ≥95.1% at the overall composition range, except for a significantly low value of 79.0% at 0.8PFW‐0.2PZW. The extension of sintering time for PMW accelerated superstructure formation, resulting in the ordering factor increased up to 0.40 after 12 hours heat treatment. The maximum dielectric constant values increased with increasing PFW fractions. In comparison, the phase transition temperatures decreased sharply (by up to 161°C) at low concentrations of PFW, followed by mild changes (by up to 47°C) afterward. The dielectric constant spectra were analyzed in terms of diffuseness characteristics, which reflected the phase transition modes quite well.
Applying core theory and spatial analysis to identify hepatitis C virus infection “core areas” in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Butt Zahid A. , Mak Sunny , Gesink Dionne , Gilbert Mark , Wong Jason , Yu Amanda , Wong Stanley , Alvarez Maria , Chong Mei , Buxton Jane , Tyndall Mark , Krajden Mel , Janjua Naveed Z. 
Published: November 2018

Summary“Core areas” of transmission for bacterial sexually transmitted infections have been identified. However, it is unclear whether core areas apply to viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV). We used geographic mapping and spatial analysis to identify distinct core areas of HCV infection in British Columbia (BC) using the BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort (BC‐HTC), 1990‐2013. The BC‐HTC includes all BC residents tested for HCV (~1.5 million; 1990‐2013). Core HCV infection areas were identified spatially and temporally for five time periods (1990‐1993, 1994‐1998, 1999‐2003, 2004‐2008 and 2009‐2013) through thematic mapping, Kernel Density Estimation, Hotspot analysis and cluster analysis at the Census dissemination area level in ArcGIS and SatScan. HCV infection core areas were consistently identified. HCV core areas expanded from the downtown of major cities in different regions of BC (Metro Vancouver, Vancouver Island, and Northern BC; 1990‐1998), to smaller cities in Metro Vancouver and Interior BC (2000 onwards). Statistically significant clusters, or hotspots, were also observed for downtown Vancouver, Northern BC (Prince George) and Vancouver Island from 1990 to 2008 with expansion to other urban areas in Metro Vancouver from 1990‐2013. Statistically significant clusters persisted after adjustment for injection drug use, number of HCV tests, age, sex, material and social deprivation. Persistence of areas with high HCV diagnoses rates in Vancouver and Prince George supports the theory of core areas of HCV transmission. Identification of core areas can inform prevention, care and treatment programme interventions and evaluate their impact over time.
DNA damage and reactive oxygen species cause cell death in the rice local lesions 1 mutant under high light and high temperature
Authors: Qiu Zhennan , Zhu Li , He Lei , Chen Dongdong , Zeng Dali , Chen Guang , Hu Jiang , Zhang Guangheng , Ren Deyong , Dong Guojun , Gao Zhenyu , Shen Lan , Zhang Qiang , Guo Longbiao , Qian Qian 
Published: November 2018

Summary

High light and high temperature (HLHT) stress may become more frequent and severe as the climate changes, affecting crop growth and resulting in reduced production. However, the mechanism of the response to HLHT stress in rice is not yet fully understood.

In the present study, we screened a rice mutant library using HLHT conditions and isolated an HLHT‐sensitive mutant, local lesions 1 (ls1), which showed decreased pigment contents, defective stomata and chloroplasts, and a local lesions phenotype under HLHT.

We characterized and cloned LS1 by map‐based cloning and genetic complementation. LS1 encodes the A subunit of the RNase H2 complex (RNASEH2A). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) and comet assays indicated that mutation of LS1 led to severe DNA damage under HLHT stress. Furthermore, we found excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the ls1 mutant under HLHT stress. Exogenous antioxidants eased the local lesions phenotype of the ls1 mutant under HLHT. DNA damage caused by HLHT stress induces ROS accumulation, which causes the injury and apoptosis of leaf cells in the ls1 mutant.

These results enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanism in the response to HLHT stress in higher plants.
Three‐dimensional prediction of roots position through cone‐beam computed tomography scans‐digital model superimposition: A novel method
Authors: Staderini Edoardo , Guglielmi Federica , Cornelis Marie A. , Cattaneo Paolo M. 
Published: November 2018

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo introduce a new, fast, reliable, and free from software‐related bias method to predict three‐dimensionally the root position and angulation during and after orthodontic treatment. The final goal is to keep to a minimum the use of ionizing radiation by eliminating the necessity of multiple radiation exposure for checking root alignment.Setting and Sample PopulationPre‐ and post‐treatment digital models and cone‐beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans from a patient were retrieved.Material and MethodsThe post‐treatment digital model (post‐model) was set as the reference; pre‐ and post‐treatment CBCT scans were pre‐aligned to the post‐model with a point set registration; iterative closest point algorithm was then employed for final adjustments. The accuracy of the proposed method was assessed by comparing the average distance between the expected root position setup with the true position of the roots, as from the post‐treatment CBCT.ResultsAfter crown superimposition, 3D colour maps showed that the accuracy of the root prediction was below 0.1 mm.ConclusionThe proposed digital workflow allows to predict in an accurate and truly three‐dimensional way the final position of roots, when an initial CBCT is available, without the need of an extra X‐ray examination for the patient at the end of treatment. The limitation of the exposure to mid‐ and post‐treatment X‐rays is in accordance with the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle and it is even more relevant in growing patients.
Characterization of chylomicron in preterm infants
Authors: Seimiya Ayako , Okada Tomoo , Nagano Nobuhiko , Hosono Shigeharu , Takahashi Shigeru , Takahashi Shori 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the chylomicron fraction of preterm infants at birth and during the early postnatal period.MethodsThe subjects consisted of 133 infants (81 boys and 52 girls): 74 were term infants born at 37–41 weeks of gestation and 59 were preterm infants born at 29–36 weeks of gestation. Cholesterol and triglyceride in the chylomicron fraction were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography.ResultsCompared with term infants, preterm infants had higher cholesterol and lower triglyceride in the chylomicron fraction, both in cord blood and at 1 month after birth. Thus, the chylomicron triglyceride/cholesterol ratio was significantly lower in preterm infants than in term infants in cord blood and at 1 month of age. On single regression analysis the chylomicron triglyceride/cholesterol ratio correlated positively with gestational age at birth (r = 0.331, P = 0.0003) and at 1 month (r = 0.221, P = 0.0119).ConclusionsPreterm infants have a less‐lipidated chylomicron composition at birth and at 1 month of age. Some prenatal factors may persist to influence chylomicron lipidation during the early postnatal period.
High macrophage activities are associated with advanced periductal fibrosis in chronic Opisthorchis viverrini infection
Authors: Salao Kanin , Watakulsin Krongkarn , Mairiang Eimorn , Suttiprapa Sutas , Tangkawattana Sirikachorn , Edwards Steven W. , Sripa Banchob 
Published: November 2018

SummaryLiver fluke infection caused by Opisthorchis viverrini induces several hepatobiliary conditions including advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), but >25% of the infected population develops APF and 1% develop CCA. The innate immune response is the first line of defence, and macrophages are critical regulators of fibrosis. We hypothesized that macrophages from infected individuals have different capacities to either promote or suppress periductal fibrosis. We compared phagocytic activities of macrophages of healthy individuals and O viverrini‐infected individuals ± APF, and found that macrophages from infected individuals with APF ingested significantly higher numbers of beads compared with healthy controls and O viverrini‐infected individuals without APF. To further investigate proteolytic activity, we monitored real‐time phagosomal proteolysis of beads conjugated to DQ‐BODIPY‐BSA using live cell imaging. We show that macrophages from O viverrini‐infected individuals with APF also have elevated phagosomal proteolysis activity, which is consistent with their increased phagocytic activity. Additionally, stimulated ROS production by blood monocytes was higher in individuals with APF compared with healthy controls and infected individuals without APF. These results suggest that during O viverrini infection, macrophages with high phagocytic and proteolytic activities together with elevated ROS production are the phenotypes that can promote tissue damage, which results in periductal fibrosis.
Accumulation patterns of endogenous β‐aminobutyric acid during plant development and defence in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Balmer A. , Glauser G. , Mauch‐Mani B. , Baccelli I. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

We recently discovered that β‐aminobutyric acid (BABA), a molecule known for its ability to prime defences in plants, is a natural plant metabolite. However, the role played by endogenous BABA in plants is currently unknown. In this study we investigated the systemic accumulation of BABA during pathogen infection, levels of BABA during plant growth and development and analysed mutants possibly involved in BABA transport or regulation.

BABA was quantified by LC‐MS using an improved method adapted from a previously published protocol. Systemic accumulation of BABA was determined by analysing non‐infected leaves and roots after localised infections with Plectosphaerella cucumerina or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 avrRpt2. The levels of BABA were also quantified in different plant tissues and organs during normal plant growth, and in leaves during senescence. Mutants affecting amino acid transport (aap6, aap3, prot1 and gat1), γ‐aminobutyric acid levels (pop2) and senescence/defence (cpr5‐2) were analysed.

BABA was found to accumulate only locally after bacterial or fungal infection, with no detectable increase in non‐infected systemic plant parts. In leaves, BABA content increased during natural and induced senescence. Reproductive organs had the highest levels of BABA, and the mutant cpr5‐2 produced constitutively high levels of BABA.

Synthetic BABA is highly mobile in the receiving plant, whereas endogenous BABA appears to be produced and accumulated locally in a tissue‐specific way. We discuss a possible role for BABA in age‐related resistance and propose a comprehensive model for endogenous and synthetic BABA.
Phylogeny of Mesoamerican freshwater mussels and a revised tribe‐level classification of the Ambleminae
Authors: Pfeiffer John M. , Atkinson Carla L. , Sharpe Ashley E. , Capps Krista A. , Emery Kitty F. , Page Lawrence M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEvolutionary and ecological hypotheses of the freshwater mussel subfamily Ambleminae are intensely geographically biased—a consequence of the complete exclusion of Mesoamerican taxa in phylogenetic reconstructions of the clade. We set out to integrate a portion of the Mesoamerican freshwater mussel assemblage into existing hypotheses of amblemine classification and evolution by generating a molecular phylogeny that includes four previously unsampled Mesoamerican genera and nine species endemic to that region. Given the traditionally hypothesized affinity to Nearctic mussels and the understanding that classification should reflect common ancestry, we predicted that (a) Mesoamerican genera would be recovered as members of the recognized tribes of the Ambleminae, and (b) genera would be supported as monophyletic. The mutilocus phylogeny (COI + 28S + 16S) reported herein does not fully support either of those hypotheses. NeitherCyrtonaiasnorPsorulawere supported as monophyletic and we predict several other Mesoamerica genera are also non‐monophyletic. The reconstructed phylogeny recovered four independent lineages of Mesoamerican freshwater mussels and these clades are distributed across the phylogeny of the Ambleminae, including the tribe Quadrulini (Megalonaias), Lampsilini (two lineages:Cyrtonaias explicata/Sphenonaias microdon, andPachynaias), and a previously unrecognized, exclusively Mesoamerican and Rio Grande clade consisting of the generaPsoronaias,PsorulaandPopenaias. The latter clade possesses several morphological characteristics that distinguish it from its sister taxon, tribe Lampsilini, and we recognize this newly identified Mesoamerican clade as a fifth tribe of the Ambleminae attributable to the Popenaiadini Heard & Guckert, 1970. This revised classification more completely recognizes the suprageneric diversity of the Ambleminae.
Classical and quantum equations of motion of a 4-dimensional Schwarzschild–AdS and Reissner–Nordström–AdS black hole
Authors: Greenwood Eric 
Published: November 2018

We investigate the gravitational collapse of both a massive (Schwarzschild–AdS) and a massive-charged (Reissner–Nordström–AdS) 4-dimensional domain wall in AdS space. Here, we consider both the classical and quantum collapse, in the absence of quasi-particle production and backreaction. For the massive case, we show that, as far as the asymptotic observer is concerned, the collapse takes an infinite amount of time to occur in both the classical and quantum cases. Hence, quantizing the domain wall does not lead to the formation of the black hole in a finite amount of time. For the infalling observer, we find that the domain wall collapses to both the event horizon and the classical singularity in a finite amount of proper time. In the region of the classical singularity, however, the wave function exhibits both nonlocal and nonsingular effects. For the massive-charged case, we show that, as far as the asymptotic observer is concerned, the details of the collapse depend on the amount of charge present; that is, the extremal, nonextremal and overcharged cases. In the overcharged case, the collapse never fully occurs since the solution is an oscillatory solution which prevents the formation of a naked singularity. For the extremal and nonextremal cases, it takes an infinite amount of time for the outer horizon to form. For the infalling observer in the nonextremal case, we find that the domain wall collapses to both the event horizon and the classical singularity in a finite amount of proper time. In the region of the classical singularity, the wave function also exhibits both nonlocal and nonsingular effects. Furthermore, in the large energy density limit, the wave function vanishes as the domain wall approaches classical singularity implying that the quantization does not rid the black hole of its singular nature.
Theorizing mobility through concepts and figures
Authors: Salazar Noel 
Published: November 2018

As a concept, mobility captures the common impression that one’s lifeworld is in flux, with not only people, but also cultures, objects, capital, businesses, services, diseases, media, images, information, and ideas circulating across (and even beyond) the planet. The scholarly literature is replete with metaphors trying to describe (perceived) altered spatial and temporal movements: deterritorialization, reterritorialization, and scapes; time-space compression, distantiation, or punctuation; the network society and its space of flows; the death of distance and the acceleration of modern life; and nomadology. Scholars have used figures of mobile people, too, from nomads to pilgrims, to describe both self and other in the social sciences and humanities for a long time. Taking the societal implications of various forms of mobility seriously and not as a given, the critical discussion of mobility concepts and figures presented here helps us to assess the analytical purchase of the conceptual perspective of mobility studies to normalize movement within the single category of “mobility.”
Peripheral mobilities: looking at dormant, delegitimized and forgotten transport regimes
Authors: Moraglio Massimo 
Published: November 2018

In the transport debate, policy makers seem to be under the spell of a technological determinism, in which innovation Tand novelty are the key concepts. Obsessed with westernised regimes and systems, the current debate misses the relevance of forgotten, peripheral and silent mobilities. In this regard, looking to those peripheral mobilities is not only important for reconstructing our memory, but can also offer tools to build socially and environmentally sustainable transport regimes. I suggest using Walter Benjamin’s Angelus Novus to address the past and future of infrastructural systems and the role of “old” regimes. This paper relies on David Edgerton’s work, but I push the argument further, claiming that an innovation-prone debate today creates the (social and environmental) failures of tomorrow. While electric cars and driver-less vehicles can be useful tools, we should consider that peripheral mobilities could better address the issue of socially and environmentally sustainable transports systems. Long-term vision can bridge the past and future of transport policies and offer hints to social science, humanity and governance.
Interdependência, cuidado e gênero: estratégias de mobilidade na cidade de Santiago
Authors: Jirón Paola , Gómez Javiera 
Published: November 2018

A mobilidade permite analisar como, com quem, onde e por que pessoas, objetos, ideias, entre outros, se movem. Não há mobilidade, mas uma multiplicidade de mobilidades, com diferentes características e implicações para as pessoas. Isto é particularmente evidente quando observamos a experiência espaço-tempo diferenciada entre homens e mulheres, que muitas vezes resulta em situações de desigualdade e exclusão. No entanto, ainda é necessário aprofundar a análise dessasexperiências diferenciadas. Ao observar as práticas de mobilidade e as decisões de homens e mulheres desde uma perspectiva etnográfica, o papel da interdependência nas estratégias de mobilidade em cidades metropolitanas como Santiago pode ser revelado, particularmente em termos das implicações da mobilidade sobre os cuidados.
Outcome after prostatic artery embolization in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Kløw Nils E , Grøtta Ole J , Bay Dag , Sandbæk Gunnar , Johansen Truls E Bjerklund , Hagen Thijs , Baco Eduard 
Published: November 2018

Background Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has recently been described as a promising alternative treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to an enlarged, benign prostate. Purpose To evaluate the safety, morbidity, and functional outcomes after PAE. Material and Methods Twenty-nine consecutive patients were included. All patients had computed tomography angiography before the procedure. Microcatheters were used for selective embolization of the PAs. Large side branches to non-target organs were embolized with coils. The PAs were embolized with calibrated 300–500 µm tris-acryl gelatin microspheres. Complications were recorded before discharge. Clinical visit was performed after three months, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 6–12 months, and any further intervention recorded in the chart. Mean follow-up was 23 months. Clinical success was defined as no longer needing urinary catheter, no long-term complications, and no need of further interventions. Results Sixteen patients (55%) had permanent or intermittent catheter before the procedure. Bilateral embolization was performed in 26 patients (90%). Five patients underwent two procedures. Twelve of 16 patients (75%) with permanent or intermittent catheter were able to remove the catheter. Five patients were operated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Except for one patient, all patients without catheter at baseline improved in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and had no further treatment. Twelve patients experienced complications; all were grade 1 according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Conclusion PAE reduced LUTS symptoms in most patients without severe complications. The treatment did not exclude additional surgical treatment when needed.
The story of first-person: Recovering autobiographical memory through the animated documentary Ketchup
Authors: Guo Chunning , Yan Baishen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This is practice-based research, aiming to explore the experimental form of animated documentary, which is a unique form that can explore the mysteries and complexity of memories. Animated documentary is a medium through which one can reveal an individual’s memories within the context of a narrative that is historically situated and influenced. The marriage of animation and documentary gave birth to a new form of film. How should academic critics and practitioners categorize this new form? Is it an animated short or documentary short? This raises issues that question the very nature of animation and documentary. Following Shuibo Wang’s works, more young Chinese artists began to experiment with symbols (related to the Political Pop Trend) in visual narration, which could also be seen as a reflection of an advance in structuralism and semiology in the contemporary Chinese art field. As a case study, this article demonstrates how animated short ‘Ketchup’ revealed the problems of youth and social turmoil through the memories of a six-year-old boy. At Festivals and conferences, the public have been shocked to know that ‘Ketchup’ was based on true memories, and they became more curious about why such crucial things have almost been forgotten. Actually ‘forgetfulness’ is one of the layers of memory and animated documentary offers new ways to explore how our memories are shaped.