bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optogenetic Activation of Non-Nociceptive Aβ Fibers Induces Neuropathic Pain-Like Sensory and Emotional Behaviors after Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Tashima Ryoichi , Koga Keisuke , Sekine Misuzu , Kanehisa Kensho , Kohro Yuta , Tominaga Keiko , Matsushita Katsuyuki , Tozaki-Saitoh Hidetoshi , Fukazawa Yugo , Inoue Kazuhide , Yawo Hiromu , Furue Hidemasa , Tsuda Makoto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeuropathic pain is caused by peripheral nerve injury (PNI). One hallmark symptom is allodynia (pain caused by normally innocuous stimuli), but its mechanistic underpinning remains elusive. Notably, whether selective stimulation of non-nociceptive primary afferent Aβ fibers indeed evokes neuropathic pain-like sensory and emotional behaviors after PNI is unknown, because of the lack of tools to manipulate Aβ fiber function in awake, freely moving animals. In this study, we used a transgenic rat line that enables stimulation of non-nociceptive Aβ fibers by a light-activated channel (channelrhodopsin-2; ChR2). We found that illuminating light to the plantar skin of these rats with PNI elicited pain-like withdrawal behaviors that were resistant to morphine. Light illumination to the skin of PNI rats increased the number of spinal dorsal horn (SDH) Lamina I neurons positive to activity markers (c-Fos and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase; pERK). Whole-cell recording revealed that optogenetic Aβ fiber stimulation after PNI caused excitation of Lamina I neurons, which were normally silent by this stimulation. Moreover, illuminating the hindpaw of PNI rats resulted in activation of central amygdaloid neurons and produced an aversion to illumination. Thus, these findings provide the first evidence that optogenetic activation of primary afferent Aβ fibers in PNI rats produces excitation of Lamina I neurons and neuropathic pain-like behaviors that were resistant to morphine treatment. This approach may provide a new path for investigating circuits and behaviors of Aβ fiber-mediated neuropathic allodynia with sensory and emotional aspects after PNI and for discovering novel drugs to treat neuropathic pain.
Mapping Miskitu subsistence land use change in Concejo Territorial Katainasta, Honduras
Authors: Tappan Taylor A. , Herlihy Peter H. 
Published: July 2019

Understanding the large-scale spatial patterns of natural resource use in indigenous homelands is critical for guaranteeing indigenous peoples’ ancestral land rights, designing effective conservation policies, and promoting good governance in Central America. However, few studies have mapped the diachronic distribution of indigenous communities’ resource use in these areas. Here we present a case study describing the spatial functionality of the Concejo Territorial Katainasta (CTK)--the first indigenous territorial jurisdiction in Honduras to receive an intercommunity land title. Two participatory research mapping (PRM) studies--the first in 1992 and the second in 2014-15--mapped the spatial patterns of Miskitu subsistence activities in CTK. The results were subsequently converted into a geographic information system (GIS) that allowed for spatial and temporal comparisons of Miskitu subsistence livelihoods in CTK before and after the titling process. Here we focus on the spatial parameters of three Miskitu subsistence livelihoods: agriculture, hunting and fishing. Analysis of results suggests that 1) the 2014-15 subsistence use areas for Miskitu communities in CTK have not diverged dramatically from those of the 1992 study, and 2) the new legal boundaries of CTK adequately encompass the subsistence use areas of its constituent communities and recognize the historical overlaps in Miskitu resource use and tenure patterns.
Levantamento de aspectos físico-químicos das águas da microbacia do mindu em Manaus-Amazonas
Authors: Alves de Souza-Filho Elton , Hortêncio-Batista Ieda , Carvalho de Albuquerque Carlossandro 
Published: July 2019

A microbacia do Mindu, principal tributário da bacia hidrográfica do São Raimundo drena parte das águas urbanas da cidade de Manaus-AM para um dos maiores rios do mundo, o rio Negro. O córrego do Mindu, comumente chamado na região por igarapé em virtude de seu canal estreito, apresenta-se sob vasta ameaça de degradação de suas águas. A grande poluição e contaminação das águas é caracterizada pelo aporte de resíduos domésticos e industriais, assoreamento de seu leito e lançamento de resíduos sólidos sobre o leito do igarapé. Com o intuito de avaliar as caracteristicas físico-químicas da qualidade das águas da microbacia do Mindu foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, condutividade elétrica, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, temperatura, e sólidos dissolvidos totais realizados com auxílio de uma sonda multiparamétrica em 11 pontos de amostragem do canal principal do igarapé do Mindu. As análises de sulfetos, nitrogênio amoniacal, e fosfato total foram realizadas em laboratório. Os resultados evidenciaram que o córrego apresenta pH levemente ácido no ponto próximo as nascentes e sensivelmente alcalino nos demais trechos, teor de oxigênio dissolvido abaixo do estipulado para a legislação, caracterização de sólidos dissolvidos e suspensos que contribuem para altas concentrações de condutividade elétrica, turbidez, e sólidos dissolvidos totais. Os trechos analisados apresentaram-se ainda sob influência de aporte de efluentes domésticos e industriais com a caracterização de sulfetos, fósforo sob a forma de fosfatos e de nitrogênio na forma de nitrogênio amoniacal dissolvido nas águas.
Vulnerabilidad hidrogeológica en la zona costera de Jacó, Pacífico Central, Costa Rica
Authors: Gómez-Cruz Alicia , Madrigal-Solís Helga , Núñez-Solís Christian , Calderón-Sánchez Hazel , Jiménez-Gavilán Pablo 
Published: July 2019

En las últimas dos décadas, el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica experimentó un fuerte aumento en el desarrollo urbanístico y turístico, lo que representa una mayor amenaza a la calidad del agua subterránea. El objetivo de este estudio fue el generar una propuesta del Mapa de Vulnerabilidad Hidrogeológica de los acuíferos de Jacó, utilizando la metodología GOD. Para esto, se elaboraron perfiles geológicos y se realizó comprobación de campo. Se evidencia que el área de estudio está conformada por a) un acuífero costero detrítico, poroso y libre, albergado en la planicie aluvial de Jacó y, b) un acuífero fracturado en las rocas basálticas del Complejo de Nicoya, libre en la zona montañosa y subyaciendo la formación detrítica en la zona central, donde el agua subterránea se integra a la del acuífero detrítico, conformándose en un mismo acuífero. La zona del acuífero aluvial obtuvo una vulnerabilidad moderada, en tanto que el fracturado una vulnerabilidad baja. Se propusieron recomendaciones de manejo.
Lucro en profesionales liberales; un derecho humano y un impuesto inconstitucional
Authors: Sánchez Juan Diego Sánchez 
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo presenta un análisis de la definición del dinero como un bien objeto de apropiación privada, seguido por el concepto del derecho humano a la propiedad privada como protector del dominio de los bienes y, finalmente el impuesto que grava de forma directa la generación de lucro en profesionales independientes. Para la confección del artículo se extraen y se amplían los principales resultados y datos obtenidos de la tesis de licenciatura en Derecho realizada por el autor. Asimismo, en la investigación se hizo uso de un cuestionario, el cual se aplica a la muestra de abogados inscritos, activos o inactivos en el país, la cual se basa en una población dada por el mismo Colegio de Abogados para el 2018. También se realizó una revisión documental en términos del análisis de doctrina tributaria y legal, libros de texto, leyes y otras normas tanto nacionales como de carácter supranacional, como la Declaratoria de Derechos Humanos, atinentes al trabajo que se desarrolló y de las cuales se extraen los conceptos de mayor importancia. Los resultados del trabajo son confiables y argumentados, en especial, por la validación estadística del instrumento aplicado. Entre las principales conclusiones se detallan el dinero como bien jurídico, objeto de propiedad privada, el lucro privado como forma de apropiación del dinero, la protección jurídica del dinero, principios de razonabilidad, proporcionalidad y no confiscación, el hecho generador del impuesto de renta a personas físicas con actividad lucrativa y por último el lucro privado como derecho humano.
Tierras indígenas en Brasil: análisis de juicios del Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Folena de Oliveria Jorge Rubem 
Published: July 2019

El artículo fue redactado con base en una investigación que analiza diversos juicios realizados por el Supremo Tribunal Federal en asuntos de tierras indígenas, en Brasil, como en el caso de la reserva Raposa Serra do Sol. La metodología que se utilizó, fue la examinación de los votos y las manifestaciones de los jueces del Supremo Tribunal Federal, en los juicios relacionados con el tema. En esta investigación se ha verificado el comportamiento de un Supremo Tribunal Federal indiferente en relación con los indígenas brasileños, ante la crueldad con que fueron desalojados y expulsados de sus tierras ancestrales, mediante eventos practicados por invasores y por el propio Estado. Se puede afirmar que el comportamiento de los miembros del Supremo Tribunal Federal es el reflejo de una sociedad tan habituada a siglos de explotación que se ha vuelto incapaz de manifestar un gesto de repulsión delante del sufrimiento ajeno, con lo cual se aceptan con pasividad los actos de injusticia practicados contra sus semejantes
NIVELES Y DIMENSIONES EN LA EXPLICITACIÓN HUSSERLIANA DEL HORIZONTE HISTÓRICO
Authors: Walton Roberto J. 
Published: July 2019

Em seu escrito "A origem da geometria", Husserl trata do horizonte, da história cuja estrutura deve ser investigada metodicamente. "A explicitação do horizonte, que percorremos, não deve permanecer apenas num discurso vago e superficial, mas deve alcançar um tipo de cientificidade" (HUA VI, 383; cf. 378). Para captara indole peculiar do horizonte histórico deve-se levar em conta primeiramente o conceito de "pré-darse" (Vorgegebenheit). Uma dupla interpretação deste conceito permite que Husserl examine a história como possibilidade e a históriacomo efetividade. Isto significa que, através das múltiplas realidades que a história nos oferece sejam condições de possibilidade para que possamos ter um horizonte histórico. Além disso, uma relação com a possibilidade tanto quantocom a efetividade, é possivel traçar duas distinções ulteriores. Assim, pode-se distinguir quatro níveis diferentes da interpretação da história: 1) o nível das condições de possibilidade, isto é, da implicação dos outros, o tempo e o mundo; 2) o nível das condições prévias para a efetivação, isto é, da "protogeratividade", a tradicionalização e a terra; 3) o nível da efetividade da história, isto é, de uma forma de geração, uma tradição e um território e 4) o nível da generatividade espiritual racional, de "uma" tradição e da representação de "um" mundo. O caminho da investigaçãohusserliana segue este escalonamento e clareiacada rúvel segundo três dimensões. De acordo com este esquema tentaremos, nas considerações a seguir, desenvolver a explicitação husserliana do horizonte histórico.
A ESCOLA FRANCISCANA: DE BOAVENTURA A OCKHAM
Authors: De Boni Luis Alberto 
Published: July 2019

Os franciscanos dos séculos XIII e XIV contaram entre seus membros com filósofos de renome. Procura-se, no presente trabalho, ver até que ponto pode-se falar de uma 'escola franciscana Para tanto é tomado o período que medeia entre Boaventura e Ockham, sendo examinados alguns dos principais temas debatidos durante a época.
Impact of Two Distinct Dental Anesthesia Simulation Models on the Perception of Learning by Students
Authors: Merino-Parra DDS Jadith , Madrazo-Meneses DDS Ricardo E. , Komabayashi DDS, MSc, PhD Takashi , Cerda-Cristerna DDS, MSc, PhD Bernardino I. 
Published: July 2019

We evaluated an infiltration anesthesia simulation model (IAM) and a conduction anesthesia simulation model (CAM) on the perception of learning by Mexican dental students. Our aim was to compare the perception of learning by dental students trained with two distinct dental anesthesia simulation model (DASM) with dental students who were not trained with a DASM. 3 groups participated in the study: G1 (N=12 students) learned to block the mental nerve (BMN) by participating in a theoretical lecture (stage 1) and a clinical demonstration (stage 2); G2 (N=12 students) learned the BMN by participating in the stage 1, stage 2, and training with the CAM; G3 (N=12 students) learned the BMN by participating in the stage 1, stage 2, and training with the IAM. The groups performed the BMN in a clinical exercise. Working-time of all participants was timed. Perception of learning for all participants was evaluated with a 5-point Likert Scale. The results showed that statistically significant differences were found between score of G1 and score of G2 and score of G3 (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between scores of G2 and scores of G3. G1, G2 and G3 showed an average working-time of 12:42 minutes, 9.75 minutes and 8:03 minutes, respectively (P<0.05). We concluded that the IAM and CAM showed a positive impact on the perception of learning, and the students trained with the IAM showed a shorter working time compared with the students trained with the CAM.
Low-temperature partial oxidation of ethanol on Ni/ZnO catalyst
Authors: Lapin N. V. , Grinko V. V. , Bezhok V. S. , Vyatkin A. F. 
Published: July 2019

The paper investigates the partial oxidation of ethanol process in a quartz microreactor at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 300–450 °C on a nickel catalyst (20 wt%) deposited on zinc oxide. Rectified ethanol (an azeotropic mixture of 95.6 wt.% ethanol and 4.4 wt.% water) is fed into the reactor at a rate of 0.4–1.3 g / hour by a peristaltic pump, first into the evaporator, and then as a gas phase into the reactor. Air is used as a source of oxygen which is supplied by an air pump to the reactor and its flow is controlled by a rotameter so that the oxygen-ethanol molar ratio varied between 0.45 and 2.0. The nickel catalyst is prepared by impregnating industrial zinc oxide powder with nickel nitrate, followed by calcination and reduction of nickel oxide to metallic nickel. Analysis of gaseous products is performed on a Tsvet-500 gas chromatograph. The detector is a katharometer.A catalyst Ni/ZnO developed earlier is shown to have high efficiency in the partial oxidation of ethanol at low temperatures. The main products of this process are hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and dioxide. With an increase in the oxygen-ethanol molar ratio, the hydrogen content in the products of the process decreases (from 60 to 25 vol.%), carbon dioxide, on the contrary, increases (26 to 65 vol.%). The hydrogen yield is 1 mol per 1 mol of ethanol at a temperature of 450 °C.Carbon monoxide is observed with a low ratio of oxygen-ethanol (up to 0.85). With a higher ratio, carbon monoxide is absent in the entire temperature range studied. The conversion of ethanol proceeds intensively and already at a temperature of 450 °C ethanol is converted almost completely. A high methane content (20–30% vol.%) in reforming products indicates that the initial stage of the process is the oxidation of ethanol followed by decomposition of the resulting acetaldehyde into methane and carbon monoxide.The insignificant water content in the supply mixture leads to an almost complete absence of a shift reaction. Carbon monoxide is then oxidized with oxygen to carbon dioxide. The reduced methane content in comparison with the process of water-steam ethanol reforming can be explained by its partial oxidation to carbon dioxide, which explains the high content of the latter in reforming products.
Pritchard, D. (2016). Epistemic Angst. Radical Skepticism and the Groundlessness of Our Believing. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press
Authors: Raga Rosaleny Vicente 
Published: July 2019

El libro Epistemic Angst (2016a) de Duncan Pritchard pretende, de acuerdo con una lectura predominante del pensamiento de Wittgenstein, curarnos de la angustia epistémica que producen las variedades más relevantes del escepticismo contemporáneo (Pritchard, 2016a). El libro tiene un interés innegable tanto para los que cultivan dicho campo de investigación como para los estudiosos del pensamiento tardío de Wittgenstein o para los que se sientan atraídos por una de las variantes más significativas de la teoría del conocimiento y la percepción actuales, el disyuntivismo epistémico, auspiciada de manera destacada por John McDowell (1995, por ejemplo). Adicionalmente, y de manera central, el volumen que reseñamos supone un gran aporte al vigente, y muy activo en los últimos tiempos, campo de la conocida como “epistemología de goznes”, que desarrolla los supuestos epistémicos tan sólo esbozados en Sobre la certeza, obra póstuma compuesta a partir de los últimos cuadernos del ya mencionado Ludwig Wittgenstein. Finalmente, el libro tiene un gran atractivo por el modo en que dialoga críticamente con otros proponentes de dicha epistemología, así como con los defensores de respuestas alternativas al reto escéptico, bien sean internistas o externistas.
Automatic Rule Generator via FP-Growth for Eye Diseases Diagnosis
Authors: Kurniawan Rahmad , Ahmad Nazri Mohd Zakree , Abdullah Siti Norul Huda , Che Hamzah Jemaima , Yendra Rado , Oktaviana Westi 
Published: July 2019

The conventional approach in developing a rule-based expert system usually applies a tedious, lengthy and costly knowledge acquisition process. The acquisition process is known as the bottleneck in developing an expert system. Furthermore, manual knowledge acquisition can eventually lead to erroneous in decision-making and function ineffective when designing any expert system. Another dilemma among knowledge engineers are handing conflict of interest or high variance of inter and intrapersonal decisions among domain experts during knowledge elicitation stage. The aim of this research is to improve the acquisition of knowledge level using a data mining technique. This paper investigates the effectiveness of an association rule mining technique in generating new rules for an expert system. In this paper, FP-Growth is the machine learning technique that was used in acquiring rules from the eye disease diagnosis records collected from Sumatera Eye Center (SMEC) Hospital in Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia. The developed systems are tested with 17 cases. The ophthalmologists inspected the results from automatic rule generator for eye diseases diagnosis. We found that the introduction of FP-Growth association rules into the eye disease knowledge-based systems, able to produce acceptable and promising eye diagnosing results approximately 88% of average accuracy rate. Based on the test results, we can conclude that Conjunctivitis and Presbyopia disease are the most dominant suffering in Indonesia. In conclusion, FP-growth association rules are very potential and capable of becoming an adequate automatic rules generator, but still has plenty of room for improvement in the context of eye disease diagnosing.
Disadaptive reactions of the cardiovascular system in relation to sleep and coping behavior in students of northern medical institute
Authors: Shalamova E. Yu. , Ragozin O. N. , Bochkarev M. V. 
Published: July 2019

The aimof the study is to assess the relation between hemodynamic parameters and coping behavior and sleep in order to maintain health of students of the northern university.Design and methods. We examined 96 students of the northern medical university (61 females). During academic days, we performed ambulatory monitoring of blood pressure (ABPM) 24 h + 10–120 minutes. We analyzed following parameters: mezors of heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), and pulse blood pressure (BP), mean BP, Kerdo autonomic index (KI), functional change index (FCI); hypertension time indices of SBP (TI SBP) and DBD (TI DBP) (%), variability of SBP (Var. SBD) and DBD (Var. DBP); night dipping of SBP and DBP (%). We assessed coping behavior. The sleep was assessed using the subjective characteristics of sleep questionnaire and the Epworth sleepiness scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.0 and Excel 2013 software.Results. We found optimal/normal values of mean BP and intersexual differences among students. Female students in all periods showed higher rates of HR and sympathetic influences; males had higher SBD, higher TI SBP during day and night, higher SBP variability at night, and tended to develop isolated systolic hypertension. Parameters and dynamics of the vascular component of BP are in normal ranges. We did not find significant intersexual differences in mechanisms of the vascular regulation. Cardiovascular system regulation in males depended on the sleep and coping, and it was more autonomous from behavior in girls.Conclusions. One of the most effective and affordable ways to prevent cardiovascular diseases during the university education is the consistent training of students in adaptive behavior in a situation of psycho-emotional stress and recommendations on sleep hygiene. Greater efficiency of the learning adaptive coping behavior can be expected in males, and male gender is one of the non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular pathology.
PENGARUH KEJADIAN WASTE DENGAN PENDEKATAN LEAN HOSPITAL TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS INSTALASI FARMASI MELALUI PENGENDALIAN PRODUKSI DI ERA BPJS
Authors: Nadhir Yany Khoirurakhmawati , Fitriasari Nikmah , Rahmatika Fiella , Luciana Dya , Purba Iqbal Syaidul 
Published: July 2019

<p class="IsiAbstractBahasaInggris"><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>: Change in claim payment of Healthcare and Social Security Agency (BPJS) requires hospitals to improve the management using lean hospital approach. Hospital pharmacy installation attempts to reduce waste and control production costs to increase profitability.</em><em> </em><strong><em>Objective</em></strong><em>: The study aimed to know the effect of waste events with lean hospital approach on the profitability of hospital pharmacy installation in XX Hospital through production costs control.</em><em> </em><strong><em>Method</em></strong><em>: The study used quantitative observational research design with cross sectional study. The research was carried at XX Hospital in July-August 2018. The number of respondents was 36 obtained from total sampling technique.Then, Partial Least Square (PLS) was applied to analyze the obtained data.</em><em> </em><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>: The PLS results showed that waste had a direct negative effect on production costs control (0.727) while it had positive direct effect on profitability (3.757). Production costs control had positive direct effect on profitability (19.422). Waste did not significantly affect profitability through production costs control (-0.726).</em><em> </em><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong><em>: It can be concluded that waste decrease can increase production costs control. Effective and efficient production costs control can increase profitability. The more waste decrease results in the higher profitability.</em></p><br /><p> </p>