bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rise of the Far-Right Austrian Freedom Party (AFP) in 2015 Local Elections
Authors: Semenko Vitalii 
Published: November 2018

The article deals with the peculiarities of the local elections in the Republic of Austria in 2015 to Landtag of federal states Styria, Burgenland, Upper Austria and Vienna, as well as the main reasons for the success of far-right political party AFP, headed Heinz Christian Strache. The results of the local elections, where political parties have overcome the 4 percent barrier are in details analyzed. The main conclusions of well-known domestic and foreign political scientists and experts are thoroughly characterized,evaluating the reasons for supporting far-right political parties in the European countries, in particular in Austria, which have received considerable support in the elections to the Landtag. Furthermore, being induced by the public in terms of the migration policy of the European Union, this is not capable to solve the problem of refugees who are unwilling to integrate into the European society.
Keywords: Far-rightpolitical party, local elections, electoral system, political leader, refugees, migration policy
Features of the formation of political trust in Ukraine: the macrolevel of political relations
Authors: Todoriko Alina 
Published: November 2018

The article defines the features of the formation of political trust in Ukraine at the macrolevel of political relations. It is established that the formation of political trust at the macrolevel of political relations in Ukraine is reflected in the attitude of citizens toward democracy as a new format of the political system, the main mechanisms of its formation and the functioning of political institutions that ensure the process of transformation and dynamic renewal of the political system.
It is substantiated that the essential aspect that characterizes the political trust of the macrolevel in modern Ukrainian society is the weakness of the connections of a significant number of citizens with political parties as a traditional institution of aggregation of interests and is reflected in the limited understanding of the essence of the multi-party system and its need for political development of Ukraine.
It is proved that the existing indicators of confidence in the institutions of power in Ukraine, actualize the question of its optimal boundaries. As practice shows, both the lack of trust and the surplus of trust are barriers to strengthening the democratic foundations of the political system and political process. A significant deficit of confidence limits the power and reduces the activity of citizens, hinders the development of integration processes in society, inhibits the adoption and implementation of constructive reforms. Excessive trust in institutions of power and political institutions, creating uncontrolled and permissive behavior, can not lead to anything else, as to the arbitrariness of power, which is the first step towards the restoration or strengthening of authoritarianism. Therefore, in order for political confidence to contribute to the development of democratic processes, its level should not approach either the lowest or the highest possible values.
Keywords: Political trust, macro level of politics, Ukraine, political institutions, democracy, democratization
Cross-border dissemination of lumpy skin disease: risc analysis for Ukraine
Authors: Kisera Ya. V. , Storchak Yu. G. , Bozhyk L. Ya. 
Published: November 2018

National biosecurity is a system of organizational and technical measures that help protect humans, animals and the environment from potential and actual biological threats. That is why analysis of the main hazardous biological sources for humans and animals has been carried out. The influence of climate change on the animals’ welfare as well as their predisposition to the deferred type tendency is proved. The prevalence of vector diseases of animals, mycoses and mycotoxicoses, which can manifest themselves in the form of such emergencies as outbreaks of exotic diseases, large-scale epizootics, a sharp increase of the incidence of endemic diseases, etc., are of both ecological and biological danger. Contagious vesicular (nodular) dermatitis (Lumpy skin disease, LSD) is caused by the virus belonging to the genus Capripoxvirus, the Poxviridae family and affects mainly cattle and buffaloes. The virus is distributed mainly by means of mechanical carriers (species of Stomoxys spp. and other flies). Global warming on the European continent facilitates the migration of blood-sucking insects that are carriers of vector diseases. As a result, the insects occupy new ecological niches adapting to the new biocenoses. A poorly controlled movement of large numbers of livestock also creates a risk of disease spreading. The World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) has identified LSD as highly dangerous illnesses subject to notification. The focus is made on policies dealing with the control and eradication of contagious nodular dermatitis in case of its detection. The spread of LSD can be prevented through the introduction of biosafety measures at the farm level and the introduction of restrictions on the movement of infection-susceptible animals and goods from the infected territories. Vaccination is the most effective disease control tool in endemic areas. LSD control and elimination policy in case of disease detection includes sanitary slaughter (stamping-out) of infected animals – a complex of antiepizootic measures that carry out by direction of the chief state inspector, including the slaughter of sick and infected animals of the herd, and if necessary, animals of another herd that could lead before the transmission of a pathogenic agent – the pathogen of contagious nodular dermatitis of cattle. All animals, that are susceptible to the disease, whether vaccinated or not, are clogged and their carcasses are destroyed by burning, burial with the guarantee of preventing the spread of infection through carcasses or other products of dead animals. Emergency control of outbreaks envisages the ring vaccination of buffer zones within 25–50 km from infected areas, as well as foundation of temporary or permanent slaughter places in the infected areas. Sufficient herd immunity must be created and maintained within large territories both around the infected area and at the borders with infected countries. Such immunity is achieved when 80% of the herd is covered by vaccination.
Latest developments of models and calculation schemes for the quantitative analysis of the physical properties of polymers
Authors: Askadskii A A , Matseevich T A 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The latest models and calculation schemes for the quantitative analysis of a number of physical properties of polymers are described. Among the physical properties are the glass transition temperature, flow temperature of polymer nanocomposites, thermal conductivity, boiling point of polymer solutions, water absorption and water permeability of polymers and nanocomposites, strength, viscosity, storage and loss moduli, refractive index, and dielectric constant. All calculation schemes are based on the structure of linear and cross-linked polymers; their degree of crystallinity, free volume, the influence of temperature, the composition of copolymers, and homogeneous mixtures of polymers are taken into account. In the case of nanocomposites, the concentration of nanoparticles, their shape, size distribution, and orientation angles, the structure of polar groups grafted to the surface of nanoparticles, and the energy of intermolecular interactions are taken into account. Spherical nanoparticles, rectangular plates, and nanofibers are considered. The calculation scheme for the refractive index and the dielectric constant takes into account the effect of the plasticizing action of the remnants of the synthesis products, the solvent, and the nonlinearity on the Clausius–Mossotti function, the composition of the nanoparticles, and the temperature. All calculation schemes are computerized and allow automatic calculations after inputting into the computer the structure of the repeating unit of the polymer, as well as the shape and dimensions of the nanofillers.
Modeling the Radio Background from the First Black Holes at Cosmic Dawn: Implications for the 21 cm Absorption Amplitude
Authors: Ewall-Wice A. , Chang T.-C. , Lazio J. , Doré O. , Seiffert M. , Monsalve R. A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We estimate the 21 cm radio background from accretion onto the first intermediate-mass black holes between z ≈ 30 and z ≈ 16. Combining potentially optimistic, but plausible, scenarios for black hole formation and growth with empirical correlations between luminosity and radio emission observed in low-redshift active galactic nuclei, we find that a model of black holes forming in molecular cooling halos is able to produce a 21 cm background that exceeds the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at z ≈ 17, though models involving larger halo masses are not entirely excluded. Such a background could explain the surprisingly large amplitude of the 21 cm absorption feature recently reported by the EDGES collaboration. Such black holes would also produce significant X-ray emission and contribute to the 0.5–2 keV soft X-ray background at the level of ≈10−13–10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 deg−2, consistent with existing constraints. In order to avoid heating the intergalactic medium (IGM) over the EDGES trough, these black holes would need to be obscured by hydrogen column depths of N
H ∼ 5 × 1023 cm−2. Such black holes would avoid violating constraints on the CMB optical depth from Planck if their UV photon escape fractions were below f
esc ≲ 0.1, which would be a natural result of N
H ∼ 5 × 1023 cm−2 being imposed by an unheated IGM.
Expansion and Age of the X-Ray Synchrotron-dominated Supernova Remnant G330.2+1.0
Authors: Borkowski Kazimierz J. , Reynolds Stephen P. , Williams Brian J. , Petre Robert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We report new Chandra observations of one of the few Galactic supernova remnants whose X-ray spectrum is dominated by nonthermal synchrotron radiation, G330.2+1.0. We find that between 2006 and 2017, some parts of the shell have expanded by about 1%, giving a free-expansion (undecelerated) age of about 1000 yr, and implying shock velocities there of 9000 km s−1 for a distance of 5 kpc. Somewhat slower expansion is seen elsewhere around the remnant periphery, in particular in compact knots. Because some deceleration must have taken place, we infer that G330.2+1.0 is less than about 1000 yr old. Thus, G330.2+1.0 is one of only four Galactic core-collapse remnants of the last millennium. The large size, low brightness, and young age require a very low ambient density, suggesting expansion in a stellar-wind bubble. We suggest that in the east, where some thermal emission is seen and expansion velocities are much slower, the shock has reached the edge of the cavity. The high shock velocities can easily accelerate relativistic electrons to X-ray-emitting energies. A few small regions show highly significant brightness changes by 10%–20%, both brightening and fading, a phenomenon previously observed in only two supernova remnants, indicating strong and/or turbulent magnetic fields.
Interplanetary Type II Radio Bursts from Wind/WAVES and Sustained Gamma-Ray Emission from Fermi/LAT: Evidence for Shock Source
Authors: Gopalswamy Nat , Mäkelä Pertti , Yashiro Seiji , Lara Alejandro , Xie Hong , Akiyama Sachiko , MacDowall Robert J. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present quantitative evidence that interplanetary type II radio bursts and sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) events from the Sun are closely related. Out of about 30 SGRE events reported in Share et al. we consider 13 events that had a duration exceeding ∼5 hr to exclude any flare-impulsive phase gamma-rays. The SGRE duration also has a linear relation with the ending frequency of the bursts. The synchronism between the ending times of SGRE and the type II emission strongly supports the idea that the same shock accelerates electrons to produce type II bursts and protons (>300 MeV) that propagate from the shock to the solar surface to produce SGRE via pion decay. The acceleration of high-energy particles is confirmed by the associated solar energetic particle (SEP) events detected at Earth and/or at the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory spacecraft. Furthermore, the presence of >300 MeV protons is corroborated by the fact that the underlying coronal mass ejections (CMEs) had properties identical to those associated with ground-level enhancement events: they had speeds of >2000 km s−1 and all were full-halo CMEs. Many SEP events did not have detectable flux at Earth in the >300 MeV energy channels, presumably because of poor magnetic connectivity.
High-resolution Charge Exchange Spectra with L-shell Nickel Show Striking Differences from Models
Authors: Betancourt-Martinez G. L. , Beiersdorfer P. , Brown G. V. , Cumbee R. S. , Hell N. , Kelley R. L. , Kilbourne C. A. , Leutenegger M. A. , Lockard T. E. , Porter F. S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present the first high-resolution laboratory spectra of X-ray emission following L-shell charge exchange between nickel ions and neutral H2 and He. We employ the commonly used charge exchange models found in xspec and spex, acx and spex-cx, to simulate our experimental results. We show that significant differences between data and models exist in both line energies and strengths. In particular, we find that configuration mixing may play an important role in generating lines from core-excited states, and may be improperly treated in models. Our results indicate that if applied to astrophysical data, these models may lead to incorrect assumptions of the physical and chemical parameters of the region of interest.
Retrospective Comparison of Visual Prognosis After Vitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes With and Without an Ectopic Inner Foveal Layer
Authors: Sato Tatsuhiko , Mori Rena , Takahashi Shinya , Yoshimura Koichi , Hirata Akira , Manabe Shin-ichi , Hayashi Ken 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the surgical outcomes of epiretinal membrane (ERM) treatment between eyes with and without an ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Seventy-seven ERM eyes of 76 consecutive patients were investigated retrospectively. Optical coherence tomography examinations and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurements were performed before and at 6 and 12 months after vitrectomy.

RESULTS:

In both eyes with and without an EIFL, the BCVAs at 6 and 12 months after vitrectomy were significantly better than those before vitrectomy (
P
< .05), whereas the BCVAs 6 and 12 months after vitrectomy were significantly better in eyes without an EIFL than in those with an EIFL (
P
= .014 and
P
= .019, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Vitrectomy may be effective in improving visual acuity in eyes with ERMs with and without an EIFL. However, ERM surgery may be desirable before EIFL development to obtain a better prognosis.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2018;49:838–845.]
Accompagner, surveiller, (ne pas) dénoncer
Authors: Sallée Nicolas 
Published: November 2018

Fondé sur des données récoltées à Montréal, cet article prend pour objet les tensions constitutives du suivi des jeunes délinquants dans la collectivité. Nous interrogeons pour cela le travail d’agents – dits délégués jeunesse – chargés de la gestion d’un type singulier d’illégalismes de droits, communément nommés « manquements » : le non-respect, par les jeunes, des conditions auxquelles ils sont astreints dans le cadre de leur suivi. Nous soulignons que les pratiques de dénonciation des manquements, pouvant conduire à l’enfermement des jeunes, s’organisent autour de trois axes principaux : un axe organisationnel, un axe professionnel et un axe interactionnel. En nous intéressant, le long de ces trois axes, aux opérations ordinaires de catégorisation des jeunes, nous défendons l’idée que cette activité de gestion des manquements revient in fine à distinguer ceux qui seraient de « vrais » délinquants, premiers candidats au passage – ou au retour – entre les murs des institutions d’enfermement.
Lagrangian isotopies and symplectic function theory
Authors: Entov Michael , Ganor Yaniv , Membrez Cedric 
Published: November 2018

We study two related invariants of Lagrangian submanifolds in symplectic manifolds. For a Lagrangian torus these invariants are functions on the first cohomology of the torus.
The first invariant is of topological nature and is related to the study of Lagrangian isotopies with a given Lagrangian flux. More specifically, it measures the length of straight paths in the first cohomology that can be realized as the Lagrangian flux of a Lagrangian isotopy.
The second invariant is of analytical nature and comes from symplectic function theory. It is defined for Lagrangian submanifolds admitting fibrations over a circle and has a dynamical interpretation.
We partially compute these invariants for certain Lagrangian tori.
A Systematic Review of the Quality and Utility of Observer-Based Instruments for Assessing Medical Professionalism
Authors: Kwan Yu Heng , Png Kelly , Phang Jie Kie , Leung Ying Ying , Goh Hendra , Seah Yi , Thumboo Julian , Ng A/P Swee Cheng , Fong Warren , Lie Desiree 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Professionalism, which encompasses behavioral, ethical, and related domains, is a core competency of medical practice. While observer-based instruments to assess medical professionalism are available, information on their psychometric properties and utility is limited.

Objective
We systematically reviewed the psychometric properties and utility of existing observer-based instruments for assessing professionalism in medical trainees.

Methods
After selecting eligible studies, we employed the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) criteria to score study methodological quality. We identified eligible instruments and performed quality assessment of psychometric properties for each selected instrument. We scored the utility of each instrument based on the ability to distinguish performance levels over time, availability of objective scoring criteria, validity evidence in medical students and residents, and instrument length.

Results
Ten instruments from 16 studies met criteria for consideration, with studies having acceptable methodological quality. Psychometric properties were variably assessed. Among 10 instruments, the Education Outcomes Service (EOS) group questionnaire and Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) possessed the best psychometric properties, with the P-MEX scoring higher on utility than the EOS group questionnaire.

Conclusions
We identified 2 instruments with best psychometric properties, with 1 also showing acceptable utility for assessing professionalism in trainees. The P-MEX may be an option for program directors to adopt as an observer-based instrument for formative assessment of medical professionalism. Further studies of the 2 instruments to aggregate additional validity evidence is recommended, particularly in the domain of content validity before they are used in specific cultural settings and in summative assessments.
A critique of Scheler’s emotional intuitionism
Authors: Ogan Tamunosiki V. 
Published: November 2018

Axiology or Theory of Value is a branch of Philosophy which has in its own way, elicited profound interest and polemic This interest in axiology became quite profound in the 19th and 20th centuries However, Risieri Frondizi makes us to understand that Alexius Von Meinong was not the initiator of this branch of Philosophy as held by some authors. Just like any other branch of Philosophy, axiology is polarized into two dominant Philosophical views, namely: the objectivist view, and the subjectivist view. The objectivists hold the cognition of value to be Independent of both object and subject, as well as having empirical provability. The subjectivist on the other hand, holds value to be dependent on both object and the feelings of the subject concerned. This work attempted a detailed exposition of Max Scheler’s axiology. Scheler, it should be noted, is an objectivist; he is of Husserl’s phenomenological persuasion or tradition. Scheler’s input in axiology is epitomized in his Emotional Intuitionism postulation. This work then, featured an analysed critique of Scheler’s position, based on his views as put forward by R. Frondizi in his book What is value: An introduction to axiology.Keywords: emotional institutionalism, axiology, theory of value, phenomenological disposition
Wrist Plane of Motion and Range During Daily Activities
Authors: Kaufman-Cohen Yael , Friedman Jason , Levanon Yafa , Jacobi Gal , Doron Noa , Portnoy Sigal 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The dart-throwing motion (DTM) is a multiplane wrist motion that is needed for many daily occupations. Mobilization along the DTM plane may be essential for rehabilitation after wrist injury, but DTM angles are reported for the dominant hand alone, so their relevance to injury in the nondominant hand cannot be surmised. The aim of this study was to quantify the DTM plane angles for both hands during different activities of daily living (ADLs).
METHOD. Forty-three healthy participants wore a twin-axis electrogoniometer during ADLs.
RESULTS. No significant differences were found between the DTM plane angles of the dominant (20°–45°) and nondominant (15°–40°) hands. These angles varied by task and across participants.
CONCLUSION. The DTM plane is a functional motion used by both hands during ADLs. Because the DTM plane angle differs among hands, tasks, and individual clients, wrist rehabilitation involving the DTM plane should not be limited to a singular DTM plane angle.
Effects of elevated CO2 and phytoplankton-derived organic matter on the metabolism of bacterial communities from coastal waters
Authors: Fuentes-Lema Antonio , Sanleón-Bartolomé Henar , Lubián Luis M. , Sobrino Cristina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Microcosm experiments to assess the bacterioplankton's response
to phytoplankton-derived organic matter obtained under current and
future ocean CO2 levels were performed. Surface seawater enriched with
inorganic nutrients was bubbled for 8 days with air (current CO2
scenario) or with a 1000 ppm CO2 air mixture (future CO2 scenario)
under solar radiation. The organic matter produced under the current and
future CO2 scenarios was subsequently used as an inoculum. Triplicate 12 L
flasks filled with 1.2 µm of filtered natural seawater enriched with the
organic matter inocula were incubated in the dark for 8 days under
CO2 conditions simulating current and future CO2 scenarios, to study the
bacterial response. The acidification of the media increased bacterial
respiration at the beginning of the experiment, while the addition of the
organic matter produced under future levels of CO2 was related to
changes in bacterial production and abundance. This resulted in a 67 %
increase in the integrated bacterial respiration under future CO2
conditions compared to present CO2 conditions and 41 % higher
integrated bacterial abundance with the addition of the acidified organic
matter compared to samples with the addition of non acidified organic
matter. This study demonstrates that the increase in atmospheric CO2
levels can impact bacterioplankton metabolism directly, by changes in the
respiration rate, and indirectly, by changes on the organic matter, which
affected bacterial production and abundance.
Edgar Allan Poe and Eugene Sue: A Fraught Authorial Relationship
Authors: Shaffer-Koros Carole 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article explores the complicated authorial relationship between Poe and his French contemporary, Eugene Sue. Both authors were reading the work of the other in its original language, with each influencing the other's work. Details of a number of Poe's works are compared to Sue's novels.