bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in the quality of psychosocial stimulation in rural Bangladesh homes
Authors: Hossain S. J. , Tofail F. , Hasan M. I. , Mehrin S. F. , Aktar S. , Hamadani J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about whether and to what extent gender differences affect the stimulation children receive at home, which is crucial to child development. The aim of this study was to document the differences, if any, in the quality of psychosocial stimulation boys and girls receive at home in middle childhood in rural Bangladesh.MethodsThis study was done as a part of a long‐term follow‐up study of a cluster randomized controlled trial in 2015. The Middle Childhood‐Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (MC‐HOME) was adapted and used to measure the quality of home stimulation. Post hoc analysis of the long‐term follow‐up study was done. Data were analysed using t‐test and chi‐squared test for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to control for confounders.ResultsA total of 372 child–mother dyads participated in the study. Socio‐economic and anthropometric characteristics of the boys and girls did not differ except that more girls had electricity at home (p = .027). Girls were found significantly advantaged over boys in total MC‐HOME scores (p = .014) at age around 8 years.ConclusionsThese findings will play a role for child development policy formulation in Bangladesh. However, though the difference is statistically significant, the strength of relationship is very weak and may not be of functional importance.
Dissecting “Peer Presence” and “Decisions” to Deepen Understanding of Peer Influence on Adolescent Risky Choice
Authors: Somerville Leah H. , Haddara Nadia , Sasse Stephanie F. , Skwara Alea C. , Moran Joseph M. , Figner Bernd 
Published: April 2018

This study evaluated the aspects of complex decisions influenced by peers, and components of peer involvement influential to adolescents’ risky decisions. Participants (N = 140) aged 13–25 completed the Columbia Card Task (CCT), a risky choice task, isolating deliberation‐reliant and affect‐reliant decisions while alone, while a friend monitors choices, and while a friend is merely present. There is no condition in which a nonfriend peer is present. Results demonstrated the risk‐increasing peer effect occurred in the youngest participants in the cold CCT and middle‐late adolescents in the hot CCT, whereas other ages and contexts showed a risk‐decreasing peer effect. Mere presence was not sufficient to influence risky behavior. These boundaries in age, decision, and peer involvement constrain prevailing models of adolescent peer influence.
Systematic review of Latin American national oral health surveys in adults
Authors: Duran Doris , Monsalves Maria Jose , Aubert Josefina , Zarate Victor , Espinoza Iris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundOral diseases represent a main public health problem worldwide. There is scarce information about oral health indicators in adults in middle‐income countries in Latin America and Africa.ObjectivesTo identify and describe national health surveys with national representative samples that included oral health assessment for adults in Latin America.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in scientific and regional bibliographic databases (PubMed, SciELO, Wos and Embase); this was complemented with searchings in grey literature (Google Scholar, Open Grey and government health organization websites), from August 2016 to May 2017 (from 2000 to date). Studies conducted, supervised or funded by Ministries of Health or National Health Institutes were included. Data extracted included country, year, methods, interview and dental examination. Two researchers independently performed search and data extraction. Results were discussed as a group.ResultsOnly 5 countries in Latin America have developed national health surveys evaluating the dental status in adults, with overall national representative samples during 2000‐2015: Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Chile and Uruguay. Main differences were observed in the type of dental indicators selected, measure of dental services access and the professional who performed the dental examination. While some dental surveys were specifically designed as oral health surveys (Brazil, Colombia, Panama and Uruguay) and the examination was performed by dentists, other surveys represent a module within a general health survey (Chile) and the examination was performed by nurses.ConclusionsThere are a small number of Latin American countries that report research about dental status with national representation samples. Most of these studies have been conducted as national oral health surveys, and fieldwork was carried out by dentists. The development of oral health research in this part of the world should be promoted as these surveys provide relevant information to monitor oral health and evaluate the effectiveness of health programmes.
Tree nut allergies: Allergen homology, cross‐reactivity, and implications for therapy
Authors: Smeekens J. M. , Bagley K. , Kulis M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryTree nut allergy is a potentially life‐threatening disease that is increasing in prevalence, now affecting 1% of the general population in the United States. While other food allergies often resolve spontaneously, tree nut allergies are outgrown in less than 10% of cases. Due to the likelihood of cross‐sensitization to multiple tree nut allergens, the current treatment guideline is strict avoidance of all nuts once one tree nut allergy has been diagnosed. For example, walnut and pecan are highly cross‐reactive, along with cashew and pistachio, but the extent of clinical, IgE‐mediated cross‐reactivity among other tree nuts remains unclear, therefore making avoidance of all tree nuts a safe approach. There have been recent advances in immunotherapy for food allergies. For instance, there are investigational immunotherapies for milk, egg and peanut allergies, specifically oral immunotherapy, sublingual immunotherapy and epicutaneous immunotherapy. However, there are no large randomized controlled clinical trials for tree nut allergies. Even though there has been less research into tree nut allergy immunotherapies, the evidence of T‐cell cross‐reactivity among tree nuts exists in animal models and in T cells from allergic patients indicates that immunotherapeutic interventions may be possible. Here, we review the literature regarding epidemiology, allergen homology and cross‐reactivity among tree nuts, and explore how current findings can be employed for effective therapy.
Sensitization to various minor house dust mite allergens is greater in patients with atopic dermatitis than in those with respiratory allergic disease
Authors: Park K. H. , Lee J. , Lee J.‐Y. , Lee S. C. , Sim D. W. , Shin J. U. , Park C. O. , Lee J.‐H. , Lee K. H. , Jeong K. Y. , Park J.‐W. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundVarious allergenic proteins are produced by house dust mites (HDM). However, the allergenicity and clinical implications of these allergens are unknown.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify allergens in Dermatophagoides farinae and elucidate the sensitization profiles to these in Korean patients suffering from respiratory (allergic rhinitis and/or asthma) and atopic dermatitis symptoms.MethodsIgE reactivities in sera from 160 HDM allergy patients were analysed by one‐ and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. IgE‐reactive components were identified by liquid chromatography‐coupled electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry. Nine recombinant mite allergens (Der f 1, Der f 2, Der f 10, Der f 11, Der f 13, Der f 14, Der f 30, Der f 32 and Der f Alt a 10) were produced, and the IgE reactivity in sera to each was determined by ELISAs.ResultsDer f 1 and Der f 2 were recognized by IgE in serum samples from 88.1% and 78.1% of all patients, respectively. Patients with respiratory allergies were mainly sensitized to these major allergens, whereas patients with atopic dermatitis symptoms showed polysensitization to major and minor allergen components (including Der f 11, Der f 13, Der f 14, Der f 32 and Der f Alt a 10).ConclusionsPatients with respiratory allergic disease sensitize to major allergen components of HDM. Those with atopic dermatitis were sensitized to a broader range of minor allergen components of HDM (Der f 11, Der f 13, Der f 14, Der f 32 and Der f Alt a 10).
Effect of a punctal plug on ocular surface disease in patients using topical prostaglandin analogues: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sherwin Justin C , Ratnarajan Gokulan , Elahi Babar , Bilkiewicz‐Pawelec Anna , Salmon John F 
Published: April 2018

AbstractImportanceOcular surface disease (OSD) is common and can reduce treatment compliance and quality of life.BackgroundTo determine whether a punctal plug improves OSD and reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients using prostaglandin analogue monotherapy.DesignRandomized controlled trial.ParticipantsSixty eligible subjects aged >18 years with symptomatic OSD from glaucoma clinics were invited to participate. Lacrimal or glaucoma surgery, lid malposition and contact lens wear were exclusion criteria.MethodsOne eye received an inferior punctal plug, leaving the fellow eye as a control.Main Outcome MeasuresOcular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film breakup time (TF‐BUT), Oxford cornea score, tear osmolarity and IOP were compared at baseline and 6 weeks by masked investigators.ResultsFrom 60 eligible, 48 (80.0%) participated (mean age 69.6 years; 60.0% female). OSDI reduced following plug insertion (mean difference [MD] 14.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.06–23.94, P < 0.001). Compared to control eyes, in eyes receiving plugs the TF‐BUT increased (MD 2.3 s, 95% CI 1.4–3.2, P < 0.001), the Oxford cornea score decreased (MD 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.7, P < 0.001), and tear osmolarity decreased (MD 10 mOsm/L, 95% CI 3.5–16.5, P = 0.003). Punctal plugs resulted in a significantly lowered IOP (MD 1.5 mmHg, 95% CI 0.1–2.9, P = 0.032). Sub‐group analyses showed similar efficacy regardless of prostaglandin preservative status or lubricant drop use. Plugs were well tolerated but extrusion occurred in 8.5%, and epiphora increased in 6.5% eyes.Conclusions and RelevancePunctal plug insertion improves subjective and objective measures of OSD and results in a reduced IOP in patients with symptomatic ocular surface disease using prostaglandin analogue monotherapy.
Longitudinal left ventricular function is globally depressed within a week of STEMI
Authors: Pahlm Ulrika , Seemann Felicia , Engblom Henrik , Gyllenhammar Tom , Halvorsen Sigrun , Hansen Henrik Steen , Erlinge David , Atar Dan , Heiberg Einar , Arheden Håkan , Carlsson Marcus 
Published: April 2018

SummarySixty percent of stroke volume (SV) is generated by atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) in a healthy left ventricle (LV). The aims were to determine the effect of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) on AVPD and contribution of AVPD to SV and to study the relationship between AVPD and infarct size (IS) and location. Patients from CHILL‐MI and MITOCARE studies with cardiovascular magnetic resonance within a week of STEMI (n = 177, 59 ± 11 years) and healthy controls (n = 20, 62 ± 11 years) were included. Left ventricular volumes were quantified in short‐axis images. AVPD was measured in six locations in long‐axis images. Longitudinal contribution to SV was calculated as AVPD multiplied by the short‐axis epicardial area. Patients (IS 17 ± 10% of LV) had decreased ejection fraction (48 ± 8%) compared to controls (60 ± 5%, P<0·001). Global AVPD was decreased in patients (11 ± 2 mm versus 15 ± 2 mm in controls, P<0·001) and this held true for both infarcted and remote segments. AVPD contribution to SV was lower in patients (58 ± 9%) than in controls (64 ± 8%) (P<0·001). There was a weak negative correlation between IS and AVPD (r2=0·06) but no differences in global AVPD linked to infarct location. Decrease in global and regional AVPD occur even in remote myocardium within 1 week of STEMI. Global AVPD decrease is independent of MI location, and MI size has only minor effect. Longitudinal pumping is slightly lower compared to controls but remains to be the main component to SV even after STEMI. These results highlight the difficulty in determining infarct location and size from longitudinal measures of LV function.
Interglacial refugia on tropical mountains: Novel insights from the summit rat (Rattus baluensis), a Borneo mountain endemic
Authors: Camacho‐Sanchez Miguel , Quintanilla Irene , Hawkins Melissa T. R. , Tuh Fred Y. Y. , Wells Konstans , Maldonado Jesus E. , Leonard Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe genetics of organisms currently isolated in refugia has received little attention compared to post‐glacial expansions. We study the population history and connectivity of a rat endemic to montane habitat in Borneo to better understand the history and potential of populations in interglacial mountain refugia.LocationSabah, Borneo, Malaysia.MethodsWe performed a field survey of the summit rat (Rattus baluensis) on two mountains, Mt. Kinabalu and Mt. Tambuyukon, its entire known distribution. We sequenced mitogenomes and 27 introns (19 of which were polymorphic) in 49 individuals from both populations. We analysed their current genetic structure and diversity, and inferred their demographic history with approximate Bayesian computation.ResultsSummit rats were tightly associated with mountain mossy forest and scrubland above 2,000 m, facilitating the prediction of their past and future distributions. The genetic analysis supports a Holocene fragmentation of a larger population into smaller ones that are now isolated in interglacial refugia on mountaintops. These findings are consistent with climatic reconstructions and the retreat of upland forest to higher elevations after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ~21 kya.Main conclusionsThe two isolated populations of summit rats formed through the upland shift of their habitat after the LGM. The current trend of global warming will likely lead to diminishing suitable upland habitat and result in the extinction of the population on Mt. Tambuyukon. The population on Mt. Kinabalu, the higher peak, could persist at higher elevations, highlighting the singular value of high tropical mountains as reservoirs of biodiversity during past and ongoing climate change.
Operations in Space: Exploring a New Industry
Authors: Wooten Joel O. , Tang Christopher S. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThis article sets the stage for examining operations management research opportunities in the emerging industry that involves operations in outer space. Currently, space exploration is moving in new and exciting directions, thanks to private investment and a more collaborative, commercial industry structure. While we do not yet know if space will be the next big industry, we make the case that the potential is certainly there. In this article, we outline the challenges presented within the “space industry” and highlight opportunities for operations management researchers in three categories—manufacturing operations, supply chain management, and sustainable operations. We also outline important questions related to stakeholder decisions and needs.
Kinematic motion abnormalities and bimanual performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Gaillard Florence , Cretual Armel , Cordillet Sebastien , Le Cornec Caroline , Gonthier Corentin , Bouvier Brice , Heyman Rachel , Marleix Sylvette , Bonan Isabelle , Rauscent Hélène 
Published: April 2018

AimTo evaluate the relationship between the movement abnormalities of the impaired upper limb in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and bimanual performance.MethodTwenty‐three children with unilateral CP (mean age 11y 10mo [SD 2y 8mo]) underwent evaluation of bimanual performance (Assisting Hand Assessment [AHA]) and a three‐dimensional movement analysis to measure deviations in the movement of their affected upper limb, and compared with 23 typically developing children (TDC) (mean age 11y 11mo [SD 2y 5mo]). Kinematic indices, such as the Global Arm Profile Score (APS), which summarizes the global movement deviation of the upper limb from the norm, and the Global Arm Variable Score (AVS), which represent movement deviations for a given joint, were calculated and correlated to AHA.ResultsValues of kinematic indices were significantly higher in children with unilateral CP than in TDC. A strong correlation between Global‐APS and AHA score (r=−0.75) was found. Other significant correlations were found with Global‐AVS, especially in distal joints.InterpretationChildren with unilateral CP had more movement deviations than TDC. The global movement deviation of the impaired upper limb was strongly correlated with bimanual performance. The influence of distal abnormalities confirms the importance of considering these limitations in therapeutics.What this paper adds

Children with unilateral cerebral palsy had more movement deviations than typically developing children in unimanual tasks.

A strong relationship was found between movement deviations of the impaired upper limb and bimanual performance.
Medicine based evidence and personalized care of patients
Authors: Horwitz Ralph I. , Charlson Mary E. , Singer Burton H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundFor the past 70‐ years patient care has been dominated by Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) with its emphasis on Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and clinical guidelines to standardize medical decision‐making.MethodsCritical assessment of the literature and analyses of the arguments that favor patient care based primarily on individual variability in disease risk or treatment response versus emphasis on group standardization.ResultsMedicine Based Evidence (MBE) is used to guide decision making for an individual patient at hand by profiling the clinical features (biology) and life experience (biography) of the patient and then finding approximate matches to the patient in a clinical library of patients assembled from diverse sources (RCTs, cohorts, registries, electronic health records and more).ConclusionMedicine is transitioning from population based model of clinical care that relies on average results from RCTs to an individual‐based model of “personalized” medicine. For individualized care of the patient at hand, MBE is the preferred scientific strategy to generate evidence for patient care.
Development of 3D imaging technique of reconstructed human epidermis with immortalized human epidermal cell line
Authors: Inoue Yu , Hasegawa Seiji , Miyachi Katsuma , Yamada Takaaki , Nakata Satoru , Ipponjima Sari , Hibi Terumasa , Nemoto Tomomi , Tanaka Masahiko , Suzuki Ryo , Hirashima Naohide 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, retains moisture and functions as a physical barrier against the external environment. Epidermal cells are continuously replaced by turnover, and thus to understand in detail the dynamic cellular events in the epidermis, techniques to observe live tissues in 3D are required. Here, we established a live 3D imaging technique for epidermis models. We first obtained immortalized human epidermal cell lines which have a normal differentiation capacity and fluorescence‐labelled cytoplasm or nuclei. The reconstituted 3D epidermis was prepared with these lines. Using this culture system, we were able to observe the structure of the reconstituted epidermis live in 3D, which was similar to an in vivo epidermis, and evaluate the effect of a skin irritant. This technique may be useful for dermatological science and drug development.
Urbanization drives contemporary evolution in stream fish
Authors: Kern Elizabeth M. A. , Langerhans R. Brian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHuman activities reduce biodiversity but may also drive diversification by modifying selection. Urbanization alters stream hydrology by increasing peak water velocities, which should in turn alter selection on the body morphology of aquatic species. Here, we show how urbanization can generate evolutionary divergence in the body morphology of two species of stream fish, western blacknose dace (Rhinichthys obtusus) and creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus). We predicted that fish should evolve more streamlined body shapes within urbanized streams. We found that in urban streams, dace consistently exhibited more streamlined bodies while chub consistently showed deeper bodies. Comparing modern creek chub populations with historical museum collections spanning 50 years, we found that creek chub (1) rapidly became deeper bodied in streams that experienced increasing urbanization over time, (2) had already achieved deepened bodies 50 years ago in streams that were then already urban (and showed no additional deepening over time), and (3) remained relatively shallow bodied in streams that stayed rural over time. By raising creek chub from five populations under common conditions in the laboratory, we found that morphological differences largely reflected genetically based differences, not velocity–induced phenotypic plasticity. We suggest that urbanization can drive rapid, adaptive evolutionary responses to disturbance, and that these responses may vary unpredictably in different species.
Pentameric last‐digit preference and stage border avoidance in pathology measurement
Authors: den Bakker Michael A , Damhuis Ronald A M 
Published: April 2018

AimsCancer treatment relies on accurate staging, an essential aspect of which is determination of the size of a tumour. Measuring the size of a tumour in daily practice often proves problematic and results in rounding of values to approximate values. It has been shown that size values are most frequently reported with end digits of 0 or 5.Methods and resultsWe sought to determine whether this observation holds true in our national cancer registry of breast and lung tumours. Data from patients with breast and lung cancer were retrieved from the Netherlands National Cancer Registry and analysed for tumour size. Whereas a preference for terminal digits of 0 or 5 (pentameric preference) was clearly present for lung cancer, critical pentameric values at stage boundaries were avoided in breast cancer.ConclusionsIn conclusion, pathologists adopt a practical approach to tumour size measurement by rounding values and avoiding stage border boundary values, thus circumventing potential difficulties in treatment decisions.
‘We Don't do Measure and Quotes’: How Agency Responses Criminalise and Endanger the Safety of Children Missing in Care in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: COLVIN EMMA , McFARLANE KATH , GERARD ALISON , McGRATH ANDREW 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article presents qualitative data from interviews with 46 welfare and justice professionals to examine the criminalisation of children who go missing within the Out‐Of‐Home‐Care (OOHC) residential environment. Participants had specific experience with children living in residential facilities, either through the direct provision of care services, the development of OOHC policy initiatives or through their role as law enforcement, legal or justice personnel. The research found that agency practices, which were designed to protect children, actually serve to conflate going missing with criminality, accelerating children's involvement in the justice system and ultimately endangering children's safety.