bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homöopathie, Molekularbiologie, Genetik
Authors: Würger Wolfgang 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungNeuere Forschungsergebnisse aus Molekularbiologie und Genetik liefern Hinweise darauf, wie man sich Wirkungen homöopathischer Arzneien auf zellulärer Ebene vorstellen kann. Demnach wären diese Arzneien imstande, Einfluss auf die Genregulation nehmen. Es stellt sich die Frage, in welcher Beziehung solche naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse zum Wissenschaftsparadigma der Homöopathie stehen und wie ein sich darauf gründender interdisziplinärer Dialog aussehen könnte.
Homöopathische Behandlung kindlicher akuter oberer Atemwegsinfektionen
Authors: Bündner Martin 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungIn einem Cochrane-Review wurde anhand doppelblinder, randomisierter kontrollierter (Cluster-)Studien (RCTs) die Behauptung aufgestellt, dass die homöopathische Behandlung von akuten Atemwegsinfekten bei Kindern von 0–16 Jahren weder wirksam noch sicher sei. Dieser Artikel soll anhand von 13 exemplarischen Einzelfällen kasuistisch darstellen, dass die Darstellung der individuellen Behandlung den Ergebnissen von doppelblind-randomisierten kontrollierten (Cluster-)Studien überlegen und durchaus sehr wirksam und sicher ist
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Time Trends of Head Injuries Over Multiple Seasons in Professional Male Football (Soccer)
Authors: Beaudouin Florian , der Fünten Karen , Tröß Tobias , Reinsberger Claus , Meyer Tim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate time trends of head injuries and their injury mechanisms since a rule change as monitoring may help to identify causes of head injuries and may advance head injury prevention efforts. Based on continuously recorded data from the German football magazine “kicker Sportmagazin®” as well as other media sources, a database of head injuries in the 1st German male Bundesliga was generated comprising 11 seasons (2006/07–2016/17). Injury mechanisms were analysed from video recordings. Injury incidence rates (IR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Time trends were analysed via linear regression. Two hundred thirty-eight match head injuries occurred (IR 1.77/1000 match hours, 95% CI 1.56–2.01). There were no significant seasonal changes, expressed as annual average year-on-year change, in IRs over the 11-year period for total head injuries (p=0.693), facial/head fractures (p=0.455), lacerations/abrasions (p=0.162), and head contusions (p=0.106). The annual average year-on-year increase for concussion was 6.4% (p=0.004). Five head injury mechanisms were identified. There were no seasonal changes in injury mechanisms over the study period. The concussion subcategory increased slightly over the seasons, which may either be a result of increasing match dynamics or raised awareness among team physicians and players.
From erotic desire to egalitarian romantic passion
Authors: Tsui Jean 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Informed by the sociological theory of “Conventionalization” developed by Frederick Bartlett, the article examines transformations the expression “love” brought to the indigenous Chinese socio-moral-emotive paradigm during the early twentieth century. It focuses on examining usages and semantic connotations of “愛”, a loose Chinese equivalence of love, in Yínbiān yànyǔ 吟邊燕語 (Chanting the Swallows’ Talks), a translation by Lín Shū 林紓 (1852–1924) of Charles and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare published in 1904, a time that witnessed a vast number of translation projects as well as the transformative impacts they brought to China. By illustrating how “ai” in Lin’s translation has departed radically from its traditional usages as depicted in the mid-Qing novel The Story of the Stone (紅樓夢 Hónglóu mèng) and become a close equivalence of the western notion of love, the article shows that the Chinese’s emotional experiences during the early modern period may in all likelihood be different from those of the West, but the two seem to have become increasing comparable. When we seek to understand modern Chinese emotional experience, apart from asking how it is ethnically, socially, culturally, historically different, it might be equally important to ask in what ways the West has made it different from before, and how it has managed to retain its unique identity during a time of radical transformation.
Édouard Pichon, phonologue
Authors: Bergounioux Gabriel 
Published: February 2019

Résumé
Édouard Pichon (1890–1940), qui est l’un des introducteurs de la psychanalyse en France, est surtout connu pour la grammaire Des mots à la pensée (1930–1950) qu’il a écrite avec Jacques Damourette (1873–1943). On sait moins qu’il a cherché à concilier la représentation mentale des sons avec les propositions phonologiques de Troubetzkoy. Dans une note manuscrite publiée pour la première fois dans cet article, il a tenté d’établir une distinction dans le vocalisme du français par la combinaison des traits d’aperture et de longueur. Il conjecture en particulier entre le /o/ et le /ɔ/ en syllabe finale ouverte une opposition qui n’est attestée dans aucun registre du français central. Il considère cette opposition comme un usage propre aux classes supérieures, transformant l’image orthographique des mots en un artefact de la perception.
Directions for the future of technology in pronunciation research and teaching
Authors: O’Brien Mary Grantham , Derwing Tracey M. , Cucchiarini Catia , Hardison Debra M. , Mixdorff Hansjörg , Thomson Ron I. , Strik Helmer , Levis John M. , Munro Murray J. , Foote Jennifer A. , Levis Greta Muller 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper reports on the role of technology in state-of-the-art pronunciation research and instruction, and makes concrete suggestions for future developments. The point of departure for this contribution is that the goal of second language (L2) pronunciation research and teaching should be enhanced comprehensibility and intelligibility as opposed to native-likeness. Three main areas are covered here. We begin with a presentation of advanced uses of pronunciation technology in research with a special focus on the expertise required to carry out even small-scale investigations. Next, we discuss the nature of data in pronunciation research, pointing to ways in which future work can build on advances in corpus research and crowdsourcing. Finally, we consider how these insights pave the way for researchers and developers working to create research-informed, computer-assisted pronunciation teaching resources. We conclude with predictions for future developments.
Visualizing the acoustic and gestural beats of emphasis in multimodal discourse
Authors: Hardison Debra M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPerceivers’ attention is entrained to the rhythm of a speaker’s gestural and acoustic beats. When different rhythms (polyrhythms) occur across the visual and auditory modalities of speech simultaneously, attention may be heightened, enhancing memorability of the sequence. In this three-stage study, Stage 1 analyzed videorecordings of native English-speaking instructors, focusing on frame-by-frame analysis of time-aligned annotations from Praat and Anvil (video annotation tool) of polyrhythmic sequences. Stage 2 explored the perceivers’ perspective on the sequences’ discourse role. Stage 3 analyzed 10 international teaching assistants’ gestures, and implemented a multistep technology-assisted program to enhance verbal and nonverbal communication skills. Findings demonstrated (a) a dynamic temporal gesture-speech relationship involving perturbations of beat intervals surrounding pitch-accented vowels, (b) the sequences’ important role as highlighters of information, and (c) improvement of ITA confidence, teaching effectiveness, and ability to communicate important points. Findings support the joint production of gesture and prosodically prominent features.
What is corpus linguistics?
Authors: Esimaje Alexandra U. , Hunston Susan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Corpus Linguistics has made great strides in language research and teaching but it is only fairly known, and thus its potentials lost, to many African academics and linguistic communities. The aim of this chapter is to introduce corpus linguistics to those African researchers and others who are not yet familiar with, or have limited knowledge of, the field and who are interested in using this method for linguistic analysis. The chapter introduces the concept of corpus linguistics (Section 1), explains some of the key terms and concepts used in it (Section 2), and considers the types of corpora, as well as the scope and applications of corpus linguistics (Section 3).
Addressing a coverage gap in African Englishes
Authors: Ozón Gabriel , FitzGerald Sarah , Green Melanie 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper illustrates the uses of a tagged corpus of spoken Cameroon Pidgin English (CPE), which has recently been finalised (Ozón et al. 2017) and made available online (Green et al. 2016). The corpus consists of 240,000 words, with mark-up and part-of-speech-tagging. Text categories and proportions of monologue/dialogue are guided by those of the ICE project (Nelson 1996), making the CPE corpus comparable with existing corpora of post-colonial Englishes. This tagged corpus offers an invaluable resource for the investigation of CPE, particularly in addressing issues of multifunctionality in pidgin or creole languages. We introduce the dataset and present case studies illustrating its potential uses, in order to highlight the usefulness of this freely accessible resource for research on African languages.
Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yoon Yeonyee E. , Wann L. Samuel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The chapter Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging reviews how cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become a gold standard for evaluating stress induced wall motion abnormalities based on regional endocardial excursion and myocardial thickening. The high spatial and temporal resolution of CMR without limitations imposed by body habitus and acoustic windows allows outstanding visualization of myocardial function. CMR can also be combined with vasodilator stress to perform dynamic first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging. The addition of late gadolinium enhancement allows the accurate of nonviable scar tissue in combination with wall motion and myocardial perfusion assessment. Case studies highlight the opportunity provided by stress CMR.
Combining Coronary Artery Calcium Scanning and Treadmill Exercise in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Adams James R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Coronary calcium scoring (CAC) by noncontrast computed tomography is a powerful predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) prognosis. Exercise testing is a powerful predictor of CAD severe enough to cause ischemia. Both tests predict CAD in a graded incremental fashion. The higher the CAC score, the greater than chance of a coronary event or all cause mortality. The greater the ST depression and the shorter the exercise duration of an exercise test, the greater the cardiac event rate. Both tests are inexpensive and provide incremental information. In 2013, Alan Rozanski and colleagues suggested combining the tests, calling it a “Treadmill Calcium Test.” Such a test can inform the patient and physician with a measure of atherosclerosis with CAC and a measure of ischemia and fitness with an exercise test. CAC can also provide incremental information when combined with an exercise imaging study such as myocardial perfusion imaging or stress echocardiography.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
Authors: Kao Andrew 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The chapter Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing focuses on the opportunities provided by cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) testing. The coordination of 5 organ systems is described in normal exercise physiology to understand abnormal exercise findings. From a few measured expired gas analysis parameters, most of the important exercise variables can be derived, including the peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2). The contribution of both the aerobic and anaerobic phases of exercise to total exercise capacity are described, including the methods for determination of the anaerobic threshold. The calculation of the normative values of peak VO2 are included, and a suggested template of a CPX report is included. The use of CPX testing in the determination of prognosis in heart failure patients is included.
Congenital Heart Disease Considerations
Authors: Williams Feifei Z. , Wolf Michael J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at an increased risk for sedation-related complications. The number of these patients with unrepaired or palliated disease requiring procedural sedation outside of the operating room continues to increase as staged surgeries and techniques are associated with better survival. CHD patient characteristics associated with the highest risk of sedation-related complications include age less than 2 years; single-ventricle physiology, including hypoplastic left heart syndrome; left ventricular outflow tract obstruction; cardiomyopathy with impaired ventricular function; and pulmonary hypertension. Before sedating a child with CHD, providers must recognize the anatomic variations, surgical history, and physiologic implications for each individual patient. An understanding of the hemodynamic principles involved in managing intracardiac shunts is essential. Commonly used sedation medications in patients with CHD and their potential adverse effects are discussed, as well as presedation and postsedation considerations.
Monitoring
Authors: Reilly Lorie 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Recovery from sedation is a dynamic, multiphase process that warrants attentive monitoring by a team of knowledgeable, skillful providers. In addition to automated monitor interpretation and documentation, the team caring for the patient from the immediate postsedation phase through discharge to home or transfer back to the inpatient unit must be knowledgeable about the patient and comorbidities, the procedure just completed, the pharmacologic properties of the sedation regimen employed, and the adverse events that may occur as recovery unfolds, and they must have the necessary skills to navigate and rescue the patient from any such adverse events. Availability of basic and advanced airway equipment, reversal medications, and intravenous fluids is critical. Direct observation with attention to level of consciousness, cardiorespiratory status, temperature, and pain status is required. Monitoring must continue until the patient returns to the presedation baseline state prior to discharge. Written instructions and verbal, interpersonal communication with caregivers are essential to the conclusion of sedation recovery monitoring.
Risks of Sedation
Authors: Chin Peter A. , Walls Sara 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This section summarizes the risks and complications of sedation. Topics include what should be discussed with parents when obtaining consent. The sedation plan should be discussed with parents during the consent process. “Material” risks should be disclosed, including both minor but frequent events such as nausea, and rare but severe complications such as cardiac arrest. Limits of sedation should also be discussed. Written consent should be documented in an anesthesia (or sedation)-specific consent form. This section also includes the topic of anesthesia- and sedation-related neurotoxicity. Data from animal and human studies are reviewed, with emphasis on larger human studies either recently completed or underway.
Procedural Aspects Affecting Sedation Care
Authors: Fugok Kimberly , Kost Susanne 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Appropriately skilled personnel, equipment, and organized space should be in place prior to the initiation of a sedated procedure. The use of procedural carts or kits for commonly performed procedures can increase safety and efficiency. The intended level of sedation should be appropriate for the procedure, with the understanding that not every procedural situation is predictable. In the setting of a sedation service, matching provider level to sedation level can improve the efficiency of the service. In settings where sedationist and proceduralist are one and the same, the presence of another clinician dedicated solely to monitoring the patient and assisting in rescue is essential. Preparation and organization of the sedation/procedural room, maximizing flow for the scheduled event, will expedite care. The personal safety of the sedation staff should be considered during the procedural event.
Nitrous Oxide
Authors: Zier Judith L. , Farrell MaryKay 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Nitrous oxide is an inhaled sedative/analgesic with rapid onset and recovery, making it a useful agent for procedural sedation. Because of the anxiolysis, analgesia, and amnesia it provides, it is suitable as a single agent for distressing but mildly to moderately painful procedures. Combined use with opioids or benzodiazepines extends the utility to more painful procedures. Successful procedural sedation with nitrous oxide in children depends on effective distraction techniques and adequate topical and/or local anesthesia. Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects. Avoiding administration to patients with known contraindications to nitrous oxide may avert other more serious side effects, such as expansion of trapped gas. Specialized equipment is required to blend nitrous oxide with oxygen and must include the ability to scavenge and remove nitrous oxide from the environment to minimize occupational exposure. Occupational exposure is also minimized through proper administration technique and equipment maintenance.
The Fragmented Personality
Authors: Svrakic Dragan M. , Jovanovic Mirjana Divac 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This book pioneers a new model of personality disorder primarily intended to serve mental health professionals, those already in practice and equally those in training. In contrast to the static concepts of mental normalcy and pathology, the presented nosology is dynamic (accounts for the reversibility of mental functioning) and personalized, context- and time sensitive. In a 3D diagnostic cylinder, the coordinates cross match the person’s common level of mental functioning (vertical diagnosis) with his or her behavior style (horizontal diagnosis) at a point in space and a unit of time, giving the clinician precise milestones to monitor changes in diagnosis and progress in therapy. The central problem with persons suffering from personality disorder does not rest in their extreme behaviors but rather underneath the surface, in the fragmented substrate of personality (a core deficit sine qua non shared by all individual variants), while extreme behaviors merely represent variable compensatory strategies. Based on this model, mechanism-based treatments are outlined: reconstructive interpersonal psychotherapy (a novel, integrative, transtheoretical approach which relies on psychoanalytic and humanist traditions) and mechanism-based pharmacotherapy of neurobiological vulnerabilities associated with excessive temperament traits.
Surviving Vietnam
Authors: Dohrenwend Bruce P. , Turse Nick , Yager Thomas J. , Wall Melanie M. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Surviving Vietnam: Psychological Consequences of the War for U.S. Veterans presents a unique combination of historical material, military records of combat exposure, clinical diagnoses of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and interviews with representative samples of veterans surveyed both a little over decade after the war’s conclusion in the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS), and again nearly four decades after the war’s conclusion in the National Vietnam Veterans Longitudinal Study (Longitudinal Study). It focuses specifically on veterans’ war-zone experiences and the development in some of PTSD, a relatively new and controversial diagnosis. The monograph begins with a brief history of the Vietnam war that provides context for the discussions of the relevance to their mental health outcomes of the severity of veterans’ exposure to combat, their personal involvement in harm to civilians and prisoners, their race/ethnicity, and their military assignments. It discusses nurses’ experiences in Vietnam and the psychological impact on families of veterans’ chronic war-related PTSD. The monograph then examines factors affecting surveyed veterans’ post-war readjustment, including the effects of changing public attitudes toward the war and the veterans’ own appraisals of the impact of the war on their lives after the war. It concludes by discussing the policy implications of its research findings.
Radio–infrared correlation for local dusty galaxies and dusty AGNs from the AKARI All-Sky Survey
Authors: Solarz Aleksandra , Pollo Agnieszka , Bilicki Maciej , Pȩpiak Agata , Takeuchi Tsutomu T , Pia̧tek Paweł 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We use the new release of the AKARI Far-Infrared All-Sky Survey (FIS) matched with the NVSS radio database to investigate the local ($z$ &lt; 0.25) far-infrared–radio correlation (FIRC) of different types of extragalactic sources. To obtain the redshift information for the AKARI FIS sources we cross-match the catalogue with the SDSS DR8. This also allows us to use emission line properties to divide sources into four categories: (i) star-forming galaxies (SFGs), (ii) composite galaxies (displaying both star formation and active nucleus components), (iii) Seyfert galaxies, and (iv) low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) galaxies. We find that the Seyfert galaxies have the lowest far-infrared/radio flux ratios and display excess radio emission when compared to the SFGs. We conclude that the FIRC can be used to separate SFGs and AGNs only for the most radio-loud objects.
The Relation of Psychosocial Distress With Myocardial Perfusion and Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Pimple Pratik , Hammadah Muhammad , Wilmot Kobina , Ramadan Ronnie , Al Mheid Ibhar , Levantsevych Oleksiy , Sullivan Samaah , Lima Bruno B. , Kim Jeong Hwan , Garcia Ernest V. , Nye Jonathon , Shah Amit J. , Ward Laura , Raggi Paolo , Bremner J. Douglas , Hanfelt John , Lewis Tené T. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Vaccarino Viola 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective
Mental stress–induced myocardial ischemia is a frequent phenomenon in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The link between an integrated measure of chronic psychosocial distress and mental stress–induced myocardial ischemia, and whether it differs by sex, has not been examined before.

Methods
We used latent class analysis to derive a composite measure of psychosocial distress integrating scales of depression, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, anger, hostility, and perceived stress in 665 individuals with stable CAD. Participants underwent myocardial perfusion imaging with mental stress and perfusion defects were quantified at rest (summed rest score), with mental stress (summed stress score), and their difference (summed difference score), the latter being an index of inducible ischemia.

Results
The M (SD) age was 63 (9) years, and 185 (28%) were women. Latent class analysis characterized the study sample into four distinct classes of incremental psychosocial distress. In women, class 4 (highest distress) had an adjusted 4.0-point higher summed rest score (95% confidence interval = 0.2–7.7) as compared with class 1 (lowest distress), whereas no difference was observed in men (−0.87 points, 95% confidence interval = −3.74 to 1.99, p = .04 for interaction). There was no association between the psychosocial distress latent variable and summed difference score in either women or men.

Conclusions
Among patients with CAD, a higher level of psychosocial distress is not associated with mental stress ischemia, but it is associated with more resting (fixed) perfusion abnormalities in women only, as well as with blunted hemodynamic response to mental stress in both men and women.