bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of bentonite and zeolite for soil amelioration in acidic sandy soil
Authors: Tállai Magdolna 
Published: July 2019

In a pot experiment, we have studied the effect of bentonite and zeolite in different dosages [control; 5; 10; 15; 20 g kg-1] on acidic (pHH2O=5.65) humus sandy soil. The experiment was set up in 2007 and 2008 in the greenhouse of the UD CASE Department of Agrochemistry and Soil Science. As a test plant, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was used. In laboratory examinations, pH(H2O), pH(KCl), hidrolytic acidity, nitrate-N content, readily available phosphorus and potassium content were determined. Among soil microbial parameters, the total number of bacteria, the cellulose-decomposing bacteria, the carbon-dioxide production, the microbial biomass-C content of soil, and the saccharase enzyme activity were measured. In the experiment the biomass of the test plant was determined.The effect of bentonite and zeolite in different dosages can be summarized as follows:− The pH increased under the effect of low dosages. With the increasing of the pH the hydrolytic acidity - at the bentonite treatments significantly – decreased. − Regarding the readily available nutrient content of the soil, low and medium dosages proved to be effective. High dosages of bentonite treatments reduced the nitrate-N content, the readily available phosphorus, and potassium content of soil, by zeolite treatments the high dosages reduced the nitrate-N content of soil. − Regarding the measured soil microbial parameters in both treatments low and medium dosages proved to be also effective, but the high dosages didn’t cause decreasing at the total number of bacteria, and by zeolite treatments the biomass-C content of soil.− Also the bentonite and zeolite treatments enlarged the biomass of the test plant. We experienced significant increasing by bentonite treatments by the effect of medium and high dosages, while in zeolite treatments only the high dosage caused significantly increasing in plant biomass. The largest dosages decrease the plant biomass. − Under the statistical analysis we found many medium and tight correlation between the studied parameters.
Kemampuan Tepung Talipuk (Nymphaea pubescens Willd) dalam Mensubstitusi Tepung Terigu Pada Kue Cookies
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Lestari Ema , Sandri Dwi , Agustina Melisa 
Published: July 2019

Talipuk (Nymphaea pubescens Willd) plant is a local term for lotus plants that are plants that live in areas of swampland in South Kalimantan. This local commodity material may be substituted as an alternative to wheat flour and the potential for flour talipuk to be processed in the manufacture of cookies. The objective of this research is to get the best formulation ratio of flour talipuk in substituting wheat flour in cookies and to analyze the quality of cookies. Cook flour talipuk powder in substituting wheat flour is made with 5 different formulation compositions, 100% wheat flour and 0% flour talipuk, 75% wheat flour and 25% flour talipuk, 50% wheat flour and 50% flour talipuk, 25% wheat flour and 75% flour talipuk, 0% wheat flour and 100% flour talipuk. The results showed that based on organoleptic test, it was found that the best formulation composition was in the treatment of 100% flour talipuk with levels a water 0.88% and ash content of 1.44% has fulfilled SNI 01-2973-1992.
Retailers Impression on Coca-Cola Beverages in Madurai District: An Empirical Study
Authors: Ramdiwakar B 
Published: July 2019

Marketing is winning the customers mind and being able to serve the needs of the customer. It is about understanding what consumers want and providing it more conveniently. Marketing deals with identifying and meeting human needs and social needs. One of the smallest definitions of marketing is "meeting needs profitably." The consumer market may be defined as the market for product and services that are purchased by individuals as a household for their consumption. Soft drinks are a typical consumer product, acquired by an individual, primarily to quench their thirst and also for refreshment. Different kinds of soft drinks are available in the market, and more or less the ingredients of all soft drinks are almost the same. There is an excellent competition at the demand of soft drinks, and many companies are hard hitting in the market with their product with several brand names.
The Indian soft drinks market is large and unable to control as India has all types of natural seasons, and different locations have different cultures. The northern parts of the country are quite cold during the winter season and the south, on the contrary, has high levels of humidity which is when the consumer requires some chilled drinks that can satisfy his or her thirsts and provide energy to sustain.
The demand for soft drinks has been increasing rapidly due to changing climatic conditions, liking for fast food, and changing the culture. It includes all types of non-alcoholic, carbonated, and flavored beverages. These artificially sweetened drinks are available in different flavors, sizes, and packages.
In olden days, the production took place on a smaller scale where the producer himself took the responsibility of disposing the goods to the consumers. Later, due to the increase in business and with further expansions, the majority of producers did not sell their products directly to consumers. It was the task of a retailer to create a link between the producer and the end user.
In this competitive world, the producer has to decide through which way the goods are to be marketed to the customers. The company also encouraged the concept of network marketing with several middlemen into the sales force to arrange and, distribute the products to the consumer. To create business and expand the horizon of the company's products, the retailers were chosen, and several motivational training and promotional programs were introduced to support the sales of the organization. Furthermore, it also gave adequate market coverage and satisfied the buyer’s requirement.
Dance form of Karagattam - The Regional Folk Dance in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Dharmalingam B , Kanagathara M S , Muthumari M , Avanthraj P 
Published: July 2019

India is a land of varied cultures and traditions, diversities in all spheres which make the Indian culture quite unique. Indian folk and tribal dances are the product of different socio-economic set up and traditions evolved over ages.. In India, we have festivals and celebrations virtually every day and dances are performed to express joy and festivity. This has added to the richness of Indian culture. Since every festival is accompanied by celebration of folk and tribal dances and almost all of them have continually evolved and improvised.
In India, we have festivals and celebrations virtually every day and dances are performed to express joy and festivity. This has added to the richness of Indian culture. Since every festival is accompanied by celebration of folk and tribal dances and almost all of them have continually evolved and improvised. Folk dances are performed for every possible occasion – to celebrate the arrival of season’s birth of a child, a wedding and festivals which are plenty with minimum of steps or movements. Indian folk dances are full of energy vitality. Some dances are performed separately by men and women while in some performances, men and women dance together.
Writing Kakawihan as a Local Wisdom's Teaching Material in Grade VII SMPN 3 Cianjur
Authors: Herdila Tita 
Published: July 2019

This paper is motivated by the lack of students' interest in learning to write poetry and lack of interest in literature. In addition, teaching materials based on local wisdom are still rarely used in learning Indonesian. In connection with this, this paper will describe the utilization of the skills and abilities of students in writing poetry. The method used in the research is descriptive. The research technique used is content analysis, interviews, and tests. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that the average value of kakawihan's poetry writing ability in class VII of SMP N 3 Cianjur is 77.9 is in a good category with 76-85 mastery interval. The highest score of students in writing kakawihan poetry is 87 obtained by one student (4%), and the lowest value is 73 obtained by 5 students (20%). Thus, kakawihan kaulinan barudak can be used as teaching material in learning Indonesian language based on local wisdom.Keywords: writing poetry, kakawihan kaulinan barudak
An Inventory of the Equivalents of the Latest Foreign-Indonesian Term as a Means of Introducing Indonesian to Foreign Speakers
Authors: Dedi Wijayanti Sudaryanto, Hermanto & 
Published: July 2019

This study aims to invent the equivalent of the latest foreign-Indonesian term as a means of introducing Indonesian language to foreign speakers (BIPA). This research uses qualitative approach. Data are obtained through reading and noting the equivalents of foreign-Indonesian terminology in dictionaries, books, and newspapers. This study uses content review techniques. The results of this study show about 5.800 equivalents of foreign-Indonesian terms covering eight study areas namely, (1) business and finance, (2) tourism, (3) sport, (4) property, (5) transportation and communication, (6) industry, (7) beauty and personal equipment, and (8) information and electronics.Keywords: inventory, equivalents of the latest foreign-Indonesian, BIPA
Effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning Approach in Improving Skills in Writing Exposition Text
Authors: Sumartini Siti Aisyah 
Published: July 2019

This article will describe the effectiveness of the problem based learning approach in improving exposition text writing skills. The method used in the study was an experiment with the design Randomize Pretest-Posttest Control Group with test techniques and questionnaires. The result shows that the average value of the experimental class pretetst 59.97, and posttest 85.76, while the average value of pretest in the control class 58.91, and posttest 67.53. To see the increase in each class, an N-gain test is performed. Based on the test results it was found that in the experimental class there were 18 students who had high writing skills, 12 students with moderate writing skills, and 4 students who had low writing skills, while in the control class there were 3 students who had high writing skills, 16 students with abilities moderate writing, and 15 students who have low writing skills. Based on this, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning approach is very effectively used in learning activities in exposition text writing. Keywords: Problem Based Learning, writing, exposition text
The Ability of Using Diction in Junior High School Students’ Poetry
Authors: Siti Maryam & Agus Supriatna Ibna Ul Izzati, 
Published: July 2019

This article discusses students' ability in using word choices (diction) on the poetry of students of SMP Negeri 3 Cianjur. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The techniques used are test and questionnaire. The population of the study is 25 students of class VIII-4. This study concludes that the students’diction ability is 78 (it can be categorized as good). In terms of diction aspects, formal aspect has very good criteria, synonymy has good criteria, and polysemy has sufficient criteria. Obstacles experienced by students in writing poetry that includes diction aspect and its problem solving.Keywords: diction, formal aspect, polysemy, synonymy.
Sanitary aviation in post-war Poland –
historical outline
Authors: Rezner Robert 
Published: July 2019

Objectives<i>The aim of this research paper is to present the history of sanitary aviation in postwar Poland since 1945 up till now. In the course of research the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization. The outcome of the research is presentation of the 74 year history of restoring aviation as an element of medical rescue system in postwar Poland.</i>Methods<i>In the course of research the following theoretical research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, abstraction and generalization.</i>Results<i>It has been proved that due to great involvement of Polish aviators the operational capacity of medical service system was restored in a short period of time benefitting by the pre war experience and that of other dynamically developing countries of Western Europe. The historical facts had crucial influence on the present make up of Aviation Emergency Medical Service.</i>Conclusions<i>Presently the formation owns modern aircraft and equipment compliant with worldwide standards of HEMS Helicopter Emergency Medical Service.</i>
Gas Accretion within the Dust Cavity in AB Aur*
Authors: Rivière-Marichalar Pablo , Fuente Asunción , Baruteau Clément , Neri Roberto , Treviño-Morales Sandra P. , Carmona Andrés , Agúndez Marcelino , Bachiller Rafael 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
AB Aur is a Herbig Ae star hosting a well-known transitional disk. Because of its proximity and low inclination angle, it is an excellent object to study planet formation. Our goal is to investigate the chemistry and dynamics of the molecular gas component in the AB Aur disk, and its relation with the prominent horseshoe shape observed in continuum mm emission. We used the Northern Extended Milimeter Array interferometer to map with high angular resolution the J = 3–2 lines of HCO+ and HCN. By combining both, we can gain insight into the AB Aur disk structure. Chemical segregation is observed in the AB Aur disk: HCO+ shows intense emission toward the star position, at least one bright molecular bridge within the dust cavity, and ring-like emission at larger radii, while HCN is only detected in an annular ring that is coincident with the dust ring and presents an intense peak close to the dust trap. We use HCO+ to investigate the gas dynamics inside the cavity. The observed bright HCO+ bridge connects the compact central source with the outer dusty ring. This bridge can be interpreted as an accretion flow from the outer ring to the inner disk/jet system proving gas accretion through the cavity.
ALMA Observations of Molecular Gas in the Host Galaxy of AT2018cow
Authors: Morokuma-Matsui Kana , Morokuma Tomoki , Tominaga Nozomu , Hatsukade Bunyo , Hayashi Masao , Tamura Yoichi , Matsuda Yuichi , Motogi Kazuhito , Niinuma Kotaro , Konishi Masahiro 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We investigate the molecular gas in and star formation properties of the host galaxy (CGCG 137–068) of a mysterious transient, AT2018cow, at kpc and larger scales, using archival band-3 data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). AT2018cow is the nearest fast-evolving luminous transient (FELT); this is the first study unveiling molecular-gas properties of FELT hosts. The achieved rms and beam size are 0.21 mJy beam−1 at a velocity resolution of 40 km s−1 and 3.″66 × 2.″71 (1.1 kpc × 0.8 kpc), respectively. CO(J = 1–0) emission is successfully detected. The total molecular gas mass inferred from the CO data is (1.85 ± 0.04) × 108
M
⊙ with the Milky Way CO-to-H2 conversion factor. The H2 column density at the AT2018cow site is estimated to be 8.6 × 1020 cm−2. The ALMA data reveal that (1) CGCG 137–068 is a normal star-forming (SF) dwarf galaxy in terms of its molecular gas and star formation properties, and (2) that AT2018cow is located between a CO peak and a blue star cluster. These properties suggest ongoing star formation and favor the explosion of a massive star as the progenitor of AT2018cow. We also find that CGCG 137–068 has a solar or super-solar metallicity. If the metallicity of the other FELT hosts is not higher than average, then some properties of SF dwarf galaxies other than metallicity may be related to FELTs.
Constraining the Dark-matter Halo Mass of Isolated Low-surface-brightness Galaxies
Authors: Kovács Orsolya E. , Bogdán Ákos , Canning Rebecca E. A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recent advancements in the imaging of low-surface-brightness objects revealed numerous ultra-diffuse galaxies in the local universe. These peculiar objects are unusually extended and faint: their effective radii are comparable to the Milky Way, but their surface brightnesses are lower than that of dwarf galaxies. Their ambiguous properties motivate two potential formation scenarios: the “failed” Milky Way, and the dwarf galaxy scenario. In this Letter, for the first time, we employ X-ray observations to test these formation scenarios on a sample of isolated, low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs). Because hot gas X-ray luminosities correlate with the dark-matter halo mass, “failed” Milky-Way–type galaxies, which reside in massive dark-matter halos, are expected to have significantly higher X-ray luminosities than dwarf galaxies, which reside in low-mass dark-matter halos. We perform X-ray photometry on a subset of LSBGs identified in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru survey, utilizing the XMM-Newton XXL North survey. We find that none of the individual galaxies show significant X-ray emission. By co-adding the signal of individual galaxies, the stacked galaxies remain undetected and we set an X-ray luminosity upper limit of

for an average isolated LSBG. This upper limit is about 40 times lower than that expected in a galaxy with massive dark-matter halo, implying that the majority of isolated LSBGs reside in dwarf-size dark-matter halos.
Constraints on Black Hole Jet Models Used As Diagnostic Tools of Event Horizon Telescope Observations of M87
Authors: Punsly Brian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Jet models of Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) data should also conform to the observed jet profiles just downstream. This study evaluates conformance of models of black hole (BH) jets to images of the innermost jet of M87. This is a basic test that should be passed before using them to perform a physical interpretation of EHT data. Recent 86 GHz very long baseline interferometry observations of M87 have revealed the morphology and size of the jet near its source (<65 M, or 0.06 lt-yr after correcting for the line of sight to the jet, where M is the BH mass in geometrized units) for the first time. Current transverse resolution indicates that this region is dominated by flux emanating from the edge of the jet. The observed inner jet profiles are compared to all existing published synthetic radio images constructed from “state of the art” 3D numerical simulations of the BH accretion system in M87. Despite efforts to produce the characteristic wide, edge-dominated jet, these models are too narrow (by a factor of ∼2) in the region 0.06–0.32 lt-yr from the source, even though the jets (spine and/or sheath) in the image plane might appear conformant farther downstream. Furthermore, the synthetic radio images are not edge dominated 0.06–0.32 lt-yr from the source, but spine dominated. Analyses that implement these models as physical diagnostics of EHT visibility amplitudes are therefore suspect. Thus, these inner-jet characteristics are important considerations before applying simulations to the EHT data.
Introducing ‘The bdverse’: a family of R packages for biodiversity data
Authors: Gueta Tomer , Barve Vijay , Nagarajah Thiloshon , Gibas Povilas , Carmel Yohay 
Published: July 2019

The bdverse is a collection of packages that form a general framework for facilitating biodiversity science in R. We build it to serve as a sustainable and agile infrastructure that enhances the value of biodiversity data by allowing users to conveniently employ R, for data exploration, quality assessment, data cleaning, and standardization. The bdverse supports users with and without programming capabilities. It includes six unique packages in a hierarchal structure — representing different functionality levels (Fig. 1). Major features of three core packages will be highlighted and demonstrated: (i) bdDwC provides an interactive Shiny app and a set of functions for standardizing field names in compliance with Darwin Core (DwC) format; (ii) bdchecks is an infrastructure for performing, filtering and managing various biodiversity data checks; (iii) bdclean is a user-friendly data cleaning Shiny app for the inexperienced R user. It provides features to manage complete workflow for biodiversity data cleaning, including data upload; user input - in order to adjust cleaning procedures; data cleaning; and finally, generation of various reports and versions of the data.
We are now working on submitting the bdverse packages to rOpenSci software review, and as soon as the packages meet core requirements, we will officially release the bdverse. The bdverse project won the 2nd prize in the 2018 Ebbe Nielsen Challenge.
Two new species of Spiniphallellus Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2008 (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) from Afghanistan and Iran
Authors: Bidzilya Oleksiy , Karsholt Ole 
Published: July 2019

Spiniphallelusebertisp. nov. (Iran) and Spiniphallellusnaumannisp. nov. (Afghanistan) are described. The position of the genus within the subfamily Anomologinae is briefly discussed, as is the degree of development of the gnathos in the male genitalia of two species within the same genus. A key to all Spiniphallellus species is given, and adults and male and female genitalia of the new species are illustrated.

Introduction

The genus Spiniphallellus was established for three species of Gelechiidae, respectively from the deserts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan (S.desertus Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2008), mountains of Kazakhstan (S.stonisi Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2008) and mountains of Turkey (S.fuscescens Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2008). Recently an additional new species, S.chrysotosella Junnilainen, 2016, was described from Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia. The first three species are externally very similar, but can easily be separated by their genitalia. S.chrysotosella looks externally quite distinct from the other species both by its wingspan and wing pattern, but its genitalia match well the configuration for the genus, being most similar to those of S.fuscescens.
The host plant is known only for S.desertus, whose larva feeds on Rheum sp. (Polygonaceae) in Kazakhstan (Falkovitsh and Bidzilya 2009). The adults of S.chrysotosella were observed around Jasminumfruticans L. (Oleaceae) in all three localities where this species was recorded (Junnilainen 2016).
As a result of studying collected material in the Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde in Karlsruhe, five plain coloured, rather narrow-winged greyish black specimens of Gelechiidae were discovered amongst material from Afghanistan and Iran. Their assignment to the genus Spiniphallellus was proved by the study of the genitalia. It turned out that they represent two different species, which do not match any known species in the genus. Their description is given below.
Flexibilité, incertitude et optimisation des investissements : une introduction
Authors: Quinet Émile 
Published: July 2019

L’époque moderne porte un intérêt croissant à la flexibilité. Cette tendance qui se rencontre dans tous les compartiments de la vie quotidienne se retrouve aussi dans l’analyse économique où la flexibilité et la manière d’en tirer parti ont fait l’objet de nombre de développements illustrés par l’utilisation croissante des outils de la programmation dynamique et de la théorie des options réelles. Sans vouloir donner une vue complète des méthodes ainsi mises en œuvre, cet article s’attache à faire comprendre et illustrer le résultat le plus emblématique, qui conduit à optimiser, et en général à repousser, la date de prise de décision pour tenir compte des suppléments d’information que l’avenir peut apporter. Les conséquences de ce principe aboutissent, en terme d’analyse économique, et notamment de traitement du taux d’escompte, à des procédures sensiblement différentes selon qu’il s’agit d’un investisseur privé, qui peut s’appuyer sur les marchés tant pour valoriser les biens qu’il produit que pour évaluer les actifs qu’il possède ou qu’il crée, ou d’un investisseur public qui produit en dehors des marchés en recherchant à optimiser une expression de bien-être collectif. Classification JEL : D81, G12, G14, H43.