bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudo sobre o estado de preservação das nascentes do rio Sapato, Lauro de Freitas-BA
Authors: Cabanelas Iago Teles Dominguez , Moreira Lilia Maria de Azevedo 
Published: January 2019

Poucos são os centros urbanos que desfrutam de fontes hídricas ainda intactas ou em bom estado de conservação. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o estado atual de preservação das nascentes e as medidas de prevenção a danos ambientais do rio Sapato (Lauro de Freitas – BA), localizado na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS). O trabalho foi desenvolvido por meio de levantamento de dados nos órgãos ambientais pertinentes, nos municípios de Salvador e Lauro de Freitas. Há poucas informações referentes ao rio Sapato. A única informação relevante é de que não há sistema de esgotamento sanitário em Lauro de Freitas. O zoneamento das nascentes evidenciou uma taxa alta de aterramento e de desvio do leito e das nascentes. Mas também mostrou riqueza e diversidade de flora e fauna. Concluiu-se que as nascentes encontram-se preservadas em Praia do Flamengo, porém altamente deterioradas em praia de Ipitanga, evidenciando a necessidade da implantação de programas de recuperação e preservação por parte da administração pública.
Educação ambiental e atribuição de significação moral a seres não-humanos
Authors: VIEIRA Kayo Roberto 
Published: January 2019

Estudos da evolução climática do planeta Terra têm mostrado que as perspectivas para as novas gerações não são boas. É fundamental uma reflexão da relação homem x natureza diante das correntes ético-filosóficas existentes, incluindo a percepção dos atuais paradigmas vigentes, visando identificar possíveis caminhos que minimizem os efeitos da ação humana sobre o planeta...
O MITO NA CARNE: A DESFIGURAÇÃO E RECONFIGURAÇÃO DOS ANIMAIS DE PRODUÇÃO PELA LINGUAGEM
Authors: BENICIO Milla 
Published: January 2019

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a dinâmica de<br />desfiguração e reconfiguração dos animais de produção dentro do<br />universo verbal, buscando apontar suas representações históricas<br />como construções ideológicas naturalizadas por discursos social<br />e economicamente hegemônicos. Para tanto, dedicar-nos-emos a<br />duas esferas de pesquisa: adialética interna de articulação entre um<br />significante e um significado e a distorção do signo dela resultante<br />Esse duplo movimento se dá a partir da tensão entre fala e silêncio, e<br />tem como resultado a transformação do bicho enquanto ser singular<br />em um conceito generalizado, desde o nível mais primário da formação<br />do conceito até sua utilização pela publicidade. O fetichismo do<br />animal como mercadoria liga-se, portanto, a uma alienação primeira<br />da linguagem. Para aprofundarmo-nos nessas questões, guiaremonos<br />pelo pensamento de dois teóricos da linguagem, fortemente<br />influenciados pela doutrina marxista Mikhail Bakhtin e Roland<br />Barthes. Contaremos também com a contribuição de autores ligados<br />à causa animal, como Florence Burgat e Elizabeth de Fontenay. Por<br />fim para situarmos o imaginário brasileiro dentro dessa construção <br />teórica, analisaremos um corpus de dez comerciais de produtos da<br />Sadia dentro da campanha "A vida com S é mais gostosa".
FUNDAMENTOS FILOSÓFICOS E ANIMAIS EM TESTES: PREOCUPAÇÕES E CONSEQUÊNCIAS
Authors: HESSLER Katherine 
Published: January 2019

O presente "paper" busca a partir da filosofia e da ciência moderna, demonstrar como são conduzidas as pesquisas científicas nos Estados Unidos. A fim de abordar essa questão avança-se para entender a situação moral e legal dos animais na sociedade. Animais são vistos como uma propriedade em cada país do planeta, disponíveis para qualquer uso que os humanos considerem adequados. Para entender a situação atual, a autora propõe um olhar através da história.
Cities in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Rasmussen Jacob 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa is the least urbanized region in the world, yet it has the highest urban growth rate. The region is traditionally known more for its rural cultures than its urban past, and urbanization is generally considered a colonial phenomenon. Studies of cities in sub‐Saharan Africa have focused mainly on the aspects of planning and industrialization in the colonial period and on informality, governance, and development in the postindependence period. Recent studies attempt to theorize the sub‐Saharan city on its own terms based on the lived experiences of the people inhabiting the cities here.
Critical Urban Theory
Authors: Rossi Ugo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Critical urban theory took form in the late 1960s as a reaction to the naturalistic, technocratic, and politically neutral accounts of existing urban scholarship. This entry reviews the evolution of critical urban theory from its origins to the present day, drawing attention to the main theoretical sources in the different stages of its trajectory: from Weberian and structuralist‐Marxist studies and debates in the late 1960s and the 1970s, to French poststructuralism and the advent of a culturalized Marxism in the 1980s and the 1990s, up to postcolonial and neo‐Lefebvrian formulations within recent attempts at globalizing critical urban studies.
European Cities
Authors: Kazepov Yuri , Cucca Roberta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEuropean cities have attracted considerable theoretical and empirical attention since Max Weber identified in medieval occidental cities the requisite conditions for the development of capitalism. Scholars from different disciplines have attempted to highlight their distinctive characteristics and trace their development and changing nature. In order to describe the commonalities and distinctive characteristics of European cities, this entry is divided into four sections. The first section provides a brief history of European cities, the second highlights some differentiating factors, the third addresses the challenges currently facing European cities, and the final part describes the ways in which such challenges are presented and adopted by urban governance regimes.
Electrical Conductivity, Selective Adhesion, and Biocompatibility in Bacteria‐Inspired Peptide–Metal Self‐Supporting Nanocomposites
Authors: Guterman Tom , Ing Nicole L. , Fleischer Sharon , Rehak Pavel , Basavalingappa Vasantha , Hunashal Yamanappa , Dongre Ramachandra , Raghothama Srinivasarao , Král Petr , Dvir Tal , Hochbaum Allon I. , Gazit Ehud 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBacterial type IV pili (T4P) are polymeric protein nanofibers that have diverse biological roles. Their unique physicochemical properties mark them as a candidate biomaterial for various applications, yet difficulties in producing native T4P hinder their utilization. Recent effort to mimic the T4P of the metal‐reducing Geobacter sulfurreducens bacterium led to the design of synthetic peptide building blocks, which self‐assemble into T4P‐like nanofibers. Here, it is reported that the T4P‐like peptide nanofibers efficiently bind metal oxide particles and reduce Au ions analogously to their native counterparts, and thus give rise to versatile and multifunctional peptide–metal nanocomposites. Focusing on the interaction with Au ions, a combination of experimental and computational methods provides mechanistic insight into the formation of an exceptionally dense Au nanoparticle (AuNP) decoration of the nanofibers. Characterization of the thus‐formed peptide–AuNPs nanocomposite reveals enhanced thermal stability, electrical conductivity from the single‐fiber level up, and substrate‐selective adhesion. Exploring its potential applications, it is demonstrated that the peptide–AuNPs nanocomposite can act as a reusable catalytic coating or form self‐supporting immersible films of desired shapes. The films scaffold the assembly of cardiac cells into synchronized patches, and present static charge detection capabilities at the macroscale. The study presents a novel T4P‐inspired biometallic material.
Fabrication of Biomimetic Micropatterned Surfaces by Sol–Gel Dewetting
Authors: Colusso Elena , Martucci Alessandro , Neto Chiara 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDewetting of thin polymer films has been extensively investigated as a way to generate patterned surfaces. In this paper, the controlled dewetting of sol–gel thin films induced by solvent annealing is reported. The key factors that control the dewetting process are identified and patterns with tunable diameter between 5 and 80 µm and tunable height between 1 and 10 µm are fabricated on a large scale. By changing the chemistry of the sol–gel system, patterns with wetting contrast, consisting of hydrophilic bumps on a hydrophobic layer, are realized. These surfaces are inspired by the exoskeleton of the Namib desert beetle and are amenable to application in atmospheric water capture, as they facilitate condensation and allow for water droplets to roll off at low critical volumes (6–8 µL), similar to the value predicted for the Namib desert beetle. The approach presented is simple, scalable, and can be applied to a wide range of substrates including glass. Transparent micropatterns are realized with high transmittance in the visible range, suitable for fabrication of coatings on windows or microlens arrays.
A New Generation of NIR‐II Probes: Lanthanide‐Based Nanocrystals for Bioimaging and Biosensing
Authors: Fan Yong , Zhang Fan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFluorescence‐based imaging in the second near infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) is extensively used in both fundamental scientific research and clinical practice, owing to its advances of high sensitivity and high spatiotemporal resolution with increasing tissue penetration depths. Among several NIR‐II fluorophores, recent accomplishments in biocompatible lanthanide‐based luminescent nanomaterials have aroused great interest of researchers. This progress report summarizes recent progress in controlled synthesis of lanthanide‐based NIR‐II nanomaterials and their state‐of‐the‐art in NIR‐II biomedical imaging and biosensing applications. In addition, challenges and opportunities for this kind of novel NIR‐II nanoprobes are also discussed.
Recent Progress in Biomimetic Anisotropic Hydrogel Actuators
Authors: Le Xiaoxia , Lu Wei , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Tao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPolymeric hydrogel actuators refer to intelligent stimuli‐responsive hydrogels that could reversibly deform upon the trigger of various external stimuli. They have thus aroused tremendous attention and shown promising applications in many fields including soft robots, artificial muscles, valves, and so on. After a brief introduction of the driving forces that contribute to the movement of living creatures, an overview of the design principles and development history of hydrogel actuators is provided, then the diverse anisotropic structures of hydrogel actuators are summarized, presenting the promising applications of hydrogel actuators, and highlighting the development of multifunctional hydrogel actuators. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives of this exciting field are discussed.
A Record Chromophore Density in High‐Entropy Liquids of Two Low‐Melting Perylenes: A New Strategy for Liquid Chromophores
Authors: Kushwaha Khushbu , Yu Liyang , Stranius Kati , Singh Sandeep Kumar , Hultmark Sandra , Iqbal Muhammad Naeem , Eriksson Lars , Johnston Eric , Erhart Paul , Müller Christian , Börjesson Karl 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLiquid chromophores constitute a rare but intriguing class of molecules that are in high demand for the design of luminescent inks, liquid semiconductors, and solar energy storage materials. The most common way to achieve liquid chromophores involves the introduction of long alkyl chains, which, however, significantly reduces the chromophore density. Here, strategy is presented that allows for the preparation of liquid chromophores with a minimal increase in molecular weight, using the important class of perylenes as an example. Two synergistic effects are harnessed: (1) the judicious positioning of short alkyl substituents, and (2) equimolar mixing, which in unison results in a liquid material. A series of 1‐alkyl perylene derivatives is synthesized and it is found that short ethyl or butyl chains reduce the melting temperature from 278 °C to as little as 70 °C. Then, two low‐melting derivatives are mixed, which results in materials that do not crystallize due to the increased configurational entropy of the system. As a result, liquid chromophores with the lowest reported molecular weight increase compared to the neat chromophore are obtained. The mixing strategy is readily applicable to other π‐conjugated systems and, hence, promises to yield a wide range of low molecular weight liquid chromophores.
Synergistic MicroRNA Therapy in Liver Fibrotic Rat Using MRI‐Visible Nanocarrier Targeting Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Wu Jun , Huang Jinsheng , Kuang Sichi , Chen Jingbiao , Li Xiaoxia , Chen Bin , Wang Jin , Cheng Du , Shuai Xintao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLiver fibrosis, as one of the leading causes of liver‐related morbidity and mortality, has no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved antifibrotic therapy yet. Although microRNA‐29b (miRNA‐29b) and microRNA‐122 (miRNA‐122) have great potential in treating liver fibrosis via regulating profibrotic genes in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), it is still a challenge to achieve a HSC‐targeted and meanwhile noninvasively trackable delivery of miRNAs in vivo. Herein, a pH‐sensitive and vitamin A (VA)‐conjugated copolymer VA–polyethylene glycol–polyethyleneimine–poly(N‐(N′,N′‐diisopropylaminoethyl)‐co‐benzylamino) aspartamide (T‐PBP) is synthesized and assembled into superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐decorated cationic micelle for miRNA delivery. The T‐PBP micelle efficiently transports the miRNA‐29b and miRNA‐122 to HSC in a magnetic resonance imaging‐visible manner, resulting in a synergistic antifibrosis effect via downregulating the expression of fibrosis‐related genes, including collagen type I alpha 1, α‐smooth muscle actin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1. Consequently, the HSC‐targeted combination therapy with miRNA‐29b and miRNA‐122 demonstrates a prominent antifibrotic efficacy in terms of improving liver function and relieving hepatic fibrosis.
In Situ Synthesis of Hierarchical Core Double‐Shell Ti‐Doped LiMnPO4@NaTi2(PO4)3@C/3D Graphene Cathode with High‐Rate Capability and Long Cycle Life for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liang Longwei , Sun Xuan , Zhang Jinyang , Hou Linrui , Sun Jinfeng , Liu Yang , Wang Shuguang , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOlivine‐type LiMnPO4 (LMP) cathodes have gained enormous attraction for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs), thanks to their large theoretical capacity, high discharge platform, and thermal stability. However, it is still hugely challenging to achieve encouraging Li‐storage behaviors owing to their low electronic conductivity and limited lithium diffusion. Herein, the core double‐shell Ti‐doped LMP@NaTi2(PO4)3@C/3D graphene (TLMP@NTP@C/3D‐G) architecture is designed and constructed via an in situ synthetic methodology. A continuous electronic conducting network is formed with the unfolded 3D‐G and conducting carbon nanoshell. The Nasicon‐type NTP nanoshell with exceptional ionic conductivity efficiently inhibits gradual enrichment in by‐products, and renders low surfacial/interfacial electron/ion‐diffusion resistance. Besides, a rapid Li+ diffusion in the bulk structure is guaranteed with the reduction of MnLi+˙ antisite defects originating from the synchronous Ti‐doping. Benefiting from synergetic contributions from these design rationales, the integrated TLMP@NTP@C/3D‐G cathode yields high initial discharge capacity of ≈164.8 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C, high‐rate reversible capacity of ≈116.2 mAh g−1 at 10 C, and long‐term capacity retention of ≈93.3% after 600 cycles at 2 C. More significantly, the electrode design developed here will exert significant impact upon constructing other advanced cathodes for high‐energy/power LIBs.
Phase 1 clinical study to assess the safety of a novel drug delivery system providing long‐term topical steroid therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Douglas Richard G. , Psaltis Alkis J. , Rimmer Joanne , Kuruvilla Tom , Cervin Anders , Kuang Yina 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients who fail medical management have few treatment options other than endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). A novel biodegradable mometasone furoate drug delivery system (LYR‐210) providing continuous topical steroid therapy to sinonasal mucosa over 24 weeks was developed to treat unoperated CRS patients who have failed medical management prior to ESS. LYR‐210 was designed to slowly expand in the middle meatus, ensuring efficient drug delivery as mucosal swelling reduces.MethodsA prospective, multicenter, open‐label study was conducted in 20 CRS subjects who were determined to be candidates for ESS. Under endoscopic guidance and topical anesthesia, LYR‐210 was placed in both middle meatuses. The primary endpoint was product‐related serious adverse events (SAEs) at 4 weeks. Additional assessments included plasma drug concentration, morning serum cortisol levels, intraocular pressures (IOPs), and Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores.ResultsLYR‐210 was successfully placed bilaterally in 20 subjects (12 without nasal polyps and 8 with polyps) in an office setting. There were no product‐related SAEs through 24 weeks, at which point 86% of LYR‐210 depots were still retained in the middle meatus. Serum cortisol, IOP, and plasma drug concentrations supported systemic safety at all time points tested. Subjects experienced significant reductions in their SNOT‐22 scores as early as week 1, and this reduction persisted through week 24 (p < 0.01). Significant symptom improvement was achieved in the SNOT‐22 rhinologic, extranasal rhinologic, ear‐facial, psychological, and sleep dysfunction subdomains at 24 weeks (p < 0.05).ConclusionLYR‐210 is safe and well‐tolerated in ESS‐naive CRS patients and leads to sustained symptom improvement in patients.
Controlling Decoherence Speed Limit of a Single Impurity Atom in a Bose–Einstein‐Condensate Reservoir
Authors: Song Ya‐Ju , Kuang Le‐Man 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe decoherence speed limit (DSL) of a single impurity atom immersed in a Bose‐Einstein‐condensed (BEC) reservoir when the impurity atom is in a double‐well potential is studied. It is demonstrated how the DSL of the impurity atom can be manipulated by engineering the BEC reservoir and the impurity potential within experimentally realistic limits. It is shown that the DSL can be controlled by changing key parameters such as the condensate scattering length, the effective dimension of the BEC reservoir, and the spatial configuration of the double‐well potential imposed on the impurity. The physical mechanisms of controlling the DSL at root of the spectral density of the BEC reservoir are uncovered.
Enantioselective γ‐Addition of Pyrazole and Imidazole Heterocycles to Allenoates Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphine
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Guo Chang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChiral phosphines were found to catalyze the enantioselective asymmetric γ‐addition of heteroaromatic compounds to allenoates in good yields with high enantiomeric ratios and regioselectivity in the presence of (S)‐BINOL. Both pyrazole and imidazole could be employed in this process. The synthetic value of these γ‐addition products was demonstrated by the preparation of biologically relevant molecules and structural scaffolds. Remarkably, the synthetic utility of this strategy was demonstrated through a two‐step synthesis of a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor.
Asymmetric Alkenylation of Enones and Imines Enabled by A Highly Efficient Aryl to Vinyl 1,4‐Rhodium Migration
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Sheng , Hu Tian‐Jiao , Li Meng‐Yao , Song Yi‐Kang , Yang Xiao‐Di , Feng Chen‐Guo , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe asymmetric rhodium‐catalyzed alkenylation of enones and imines with arylboronic acids has been developed. A highly controllable aryl to vinyl 1,4‐rhodium migration is the key step. Stereodefined vinyl moieties were installed in excellent enantioselectivies for most examined examples. DFT calculations reveal that the driving force of this rhodium migration is a kinetically favored process.
Redoxreaktionen zwischen Aluminium(I)‐ und Bor(III)‐Verbindungen
Authors: Hofmann Alexander , Pranckevicius Conor , Tröster Tobias , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUmsetzungen zwischen BIII‐Verbindungen und der kürzlich veröffentlichten, nukleophilen, cyclopentadienylstabilisierten AlI‐Verbindung 1 ermöglichten die Herstellung verschiedener Komplexe mit unterschiedlichen Al/B‐Oxidationsstufen. Nach Reaktion mit dem Triarylboran B(C6F5)3 wurde ein AlI→BIII‐Addukt 2 erhalten. Dagegen wurde bei der Umsetzung mit einem sterisch anspruchsvollen Aryldihalogenboran eine oxidative Addition beobachtet, die zur Bildung einer kovalent gebundenen B‐Al‐Spezies 3 führte. Ein NHC‐substituiertes Amino(brom)boreniumion zeigte eine Redoxreaktion, bei der ein Borylenalan 4 (BI→AlIII) erhalten wurde. Weiterhin reagierte 1 mit BI3 unter Ligandenaustausch zu einem cyclopentadienylsubstituierten BI→AlI3‐Komplex 5. Mit den beiden letzten Reaktionen konnte erstmals eine Reduktion von BIII‐Verbindungen durch ein p‐Blockelement zu einem Borylen beobachtet werden. Weiterhin demonstrieren diese Reaktionen, wie sterische und elektronische Veränderungen am Borzentrum zu verschiedenen Reaktionsprodukten führen können.
Enantioconvergent Cross‐Couplings of Alkyl Electrophiles: The Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Organosilanes
Authors: Schwarzwalder Gregg M. , Matier Carson D. , Fu Gregory C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMetal‐catalyzed enantioconvergent cross‐coupling reactions of alkyl electrophiles are emerging as a powerful tool in asymmetric synthesis. To date, high enantioselectivity has been limited to couplings of electrophiles that bear a directing group or a proximal p/π orbital. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that enantioconvergent cross‐couplings can be achieved with electrophiles that lack such features; specifically, we establish that a chiral nickel catalyst can accomplish Negishi reactions of racemic α‐halosilanes with alkylzinc reagents with good enantioselectivity under simple and mild conditions, thereby providing access to enantioenriched organosilanes, an important class of target molecules.
Visual Chemical Detection Mechanism by a Liquid Gating System with Dipole‐Induced Interfacial Molecular Reconfiguration
Authors: Fan Yi , Sheng Zhizhi , Chen Jun , Pan Hong , Chen Baiyi , Wu Feng , Wang Shuli , Chen Xinyu , Hou Xu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChemical detection has a wide range of applications. The detection of a certain substance is so vital that new detection mechanisms with features such as low‐cost, accessibility, and readily available visual markers are in demand. Herein, a liquid‐gating‐based chemical‐detection mechanism is reported, which has a dynamic gas/liquid interface due to dipole‐induced interfacial molecular reconfiguration. The mechanism exhibits a sensitive relationship between the dipole‐force‐induced rearrangement of interfacial molecules and transmembrane gating behavior. These features can be utilized to create visual markers for detection by converting the analyte‐mediated interfacial interaction to a pressure‐driven marker movement. This “green” detection mechanism requires no electrical energy input and has readily available markers for anyone to observe directly. This new mechanism opens a window for a more in‐depth exploration of combining liquid‐gating mechanisms with detection mechanisms.