bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Inter-System Variability in Liver Stiffness Measurements
Authors: Ferraioli Giovanna , De Silvestri Annalisa , Lissandrin Raffaella , Maiocchi Laura , Tinelli Carmine , Filice Carlo , Barr Richard 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Aim The primary aim of this study was to determine the inter-system variability of liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) in patients with varying degrees of liver stiffness. The secondary aim was to determine the inter-observer variability of measurements.
Materials and Methods 21 individuals affected by chronic hepatitis C and 5 healthy individuals were prospectively enrolled. The assessment of LSMs was performed using six ultrasound (US) systems, four of which with point shear wave elastography (p-SWE) and two with 2 D shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) systems. The Fibroscan (Echosens, France) was used as the reference standard. Four observers performed the measurements in pairs (A-B, C-D). The agreement between different observers or methods was calculated using Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. The Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated as well.
Results There was agreement above 0.80 for all pairs of systems. The mean difference between the values of the systems with 2D-SWE technique was 1.54 kPa, whereas the maximum mean difference between the values of three out of four systems with the pSWE technique was 0.79 kPa. The intra-patient concordance for all systems was 0.89 (95 % CI: 0.83 – 0.94). Inter-observer agreement was 0.96 (95 % CI: 0.94 – 0.98) for the pair of observers A-B and 0.93 (95 % CI: 0.89 – 0.96) for the pair of observers C-D.
Conclusion The results of this study show that the agreement between LSMs performed with different US systems is good to excellent and the overall inter-observer agreement in “ideal conditions” is above 0.90 in expert hands.
High-Intensity Interval Training as a Tool for Counteracting Dyslipidemia in Women
Authors: Alvarez Cristian , Ramirez-Campillo Rodrigo , Martinez-Salazar Cristian , Castillo Angélica , Gallardo Francisco , Ciolac Emmanuel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSedentary overweight or obese adult (age<60 years) women, allocated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n=13), dyslipidemia alone (DYS, n=12), dyslipidemia associated with hyperglycaemia (DYSHG, N=12), or healthy control (CON, n=10) groups, had their lipid, glucose, blood pressure, endurance performance, and anthropometry variables assessed before and after 16 weeks of a thrice-weekly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program. Triglycerides reduced significantly (P<0.05) in all groups, and high-density lipoprotein increased (P<0.01) in T2DM, DYS and DYSHG; however, low-density lipoprotein reduced (P<0.05) only in DYSHG, and total cholesterol reduced (P<0.01) only in DYS and DYSHG. Fasting glucose reduced (P<0.05) significantly in T2DM, DYS and DYSHG, but with higher decreases in T2DM and DYSHG. Blood pressure, endurance performance and body composition improved (P<0.05) in all groups. The HIIT program was effective for restoring lipid profile of DYS and DYSHG, and fasting glucose of DYSHG to levels similar to those of CON, with a weekly time commitment 25% to 56% lower than the minimum recommended in current exercise guidelines. These findings suggest that HIIT may be a time-efficient intervention for counteracting dyslipidemia.
Validation of Field Methods to Assess Body Fat Percentage in Elite Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Munguia-Izquierdo Diego , Suarez-Arrones Luis , Di Salvo Valter , Paredes-Hernandez Victor , Alcazar Julian , Ara Ignacio , Kreider Richard , Mendez-Villanueva Alberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study determined the most effective field method for quantifying body fat percentage in male elite youth soccer players and developed prediction equations based on anthropometric variables. Forty-four male elite-standard youth soccer players aged 16.3–18.0 years underwent body fat percentage assessments, including bioelectrical impedance analysis and the calculation of various skinfold-based prediction equations. Dual X-ray absorptiometry provided a criterion measure of body fat percentage. Correlation coefficients, bias, limits of agreement, and differences were used as validity measures, and regression analyses were used to develop soccer-specific prediction equations. The equations from Sarria et al. (1998) and Durnin & Rahaman (1967) reached very large correlations and the lowest biases, and they reached neither the practically worthwhile difference nor the substantial difference between methods. The new youth soccer-specific skinfold equation included a combination of triceps and supraspinale skinfolds. None of the practical methods compared in this study are adequate for estimating body fat percentage in male elite youth soccer players, except for the equations from Sarria et al. (1998) and Durnin & Rahaman (1967). The new youth soccer-specific equation calculated in this investigation is the only field method specifically developed and validated in elite male players, and it shows potentially good predictive power.
Efficacy of Exercise on Breast Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Preclinical Data
Authors: Figueira Ana , Cortinhas António , Soares Jorge , Leitão José , Ferreira Rita , Duarte Jose 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe use of preclinical models to investigate antitumor effects of exercise on breast tumor (BT) development and progression are critical. However, published results have not been quantitatively summarized or examined for potential exercise-moderating variables. We conducted this review to summarize and quantify the effect-size of exercise on BT outcomes in preclinical studies. A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE) databases. Risk of bias was assessed using SYRCLE’s RoB tool. A total of 116 correlations were performed to analyze 28 preclinical studies published through December 2016, which included 2,085 animals and 51 exercise programs. Positive effects of small, medium and large magnitude were observed in tumor incidence, growth and multiplicity, respectively. In the tumor microenvironment, positive effects of large magnitude were also observed in proliferation and apoptosis but not in angiogenesis. Moderator variables correlated with higher intervention effects were identified along with a considerable heterogeneity in exercise protocols that precluded us from clearly perceiving the benefits of exercise exposure. In conclusion, exercise performed under specific conditions benefits BT outcomes. Preclinical studies with exercise designs mimicking exercise exposure that can be used in clinical contexts are needed.
Editorial Referateband 2018
Authors: Wollenberg Barbara 
Published: March 2018

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,mit großer Freude lege ich den Referateband zur 89. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie vor. Dem Kongressmotto „Forschung heute – Zukunft morgen“ folgend werden einige der Themen im Detail beleuchtet, die in den nächsten Jahren das Potential haben, die Versorgung unserer Patienten grundlegend zu verändern.
Role of Genetic Background in Cardiovascular Risk Markers Changes in Water Polo Players
Authors: Di Mauro Debora , Currò Monica , Trimarchi Fabio , Vecchio Mercurio , Rizzo Giuseppina , Barreca Davide , Visalli Giuseppa , Ientile Riccardo , Caccamo Daniela 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMethylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms have been associated with hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress increase, that are established cardiovascular risk factors. Given that intense physical activity may increase the susceptibility to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, here we investigated the effects of MTHFR C677T and A1298C as well as PON1 Q192R gene polymorphisms on cardiovascular risk markers in twenty-eight male water polo elite players. The mean plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were above reference limits in resting conditions, and increased after competition. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between Hcy and AOPP concentrations, and also between their variations (ratio post-exercise/pre-exercise values) and the variations of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities, known as muscle damage markers. The highest Hcy and AOPP values were found in subjects having either MTHFR CT/AC or TT/AA, and PON1 QR192 genotype, respectively. After exercise, Hcy concentrations significantly increased in CT/AC or TT/AA subjects than in athletes having other MTHFR genotypes. A training-induced increase in plasma levels of LDH and CK activities, as well as myoglobin concentrations, was also observed, even if significant differences were found only for CK activity in athletes with MTHFR CT/AC or TT/AA athletes.
The invisibility of the translator in environmental translation
Authors: Bracho Lapiedra Llum , MacDonald Penny 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe question concerning the visibility of the translator has been widely discussed in translation studies from different ideological positions, especially during the so-called post-structuralism period. Unlike other types of translation such as audiovisual or literary translation, in the case of specialized translation the translator’s name rarely appears, as demonstrated in previous research, in which, from an ambidirectional corpus in Catalan of environmental texts, in only 16% of cases was the translator’s name made explicit (Bracho, 2004, p. 318). In the present article, therefore, we study a current sample with similar features to that of the original corpus, with the aim of analyzing its profile and determining the behaviour, in this sense, more than a decade after our previous conclusions.
Informational pamphlets for asylum seekers in English
Authors: Toledo Báez Cristina , Alexandra Conrad Claire 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of our study is to examine the legal and administrative English used in the informational pamphlet the Spanish Ministry for Home Affairs created to explain Law 12/2009 to international protection applicants. To do so, a linguistic revision of the translated pamphlet was carried out in order to identify the linguistic and discursive elements which make comprehension difficult. Then, using translation techniques developed by Molina and Hurtado Albir (2002), an intralinguistic translation was proposed with the goal of rewriting the text in easily-understandable English. Additionally, errors were classified and corrected in accordance with Toledo Báez’s (2010, 2015) analytical assessment scale and the pamphlet’s design was updated. Lastly, the readability of both the original and simplified translations was evaluated using the Flesch Reading Ease Formula.
Effects of different intensities of resistance training with equated volume load on muscle strength and hypertrophy
Authors: Lasevicius Thiago , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Schoenfeld Brad Jon , Roschel Hamilton , Tavares Lucas Duarte , De Souza Eduardo Oliveira , Laurentino Gilberto , Tricoli Valmor 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of different intensities of resistance training (RT) on elbow flexion and leg press one‐repetition maximum (1RM) and muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA). Thirty men volunteered to participate in an RT programme, performed twice a week for 12 weeks. The study employed a within‐subject design, in which one leg and arm trained at 20% 1RM (G20) and the contralateral limb was randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: 40% (G40); 60% (G60), and 80% 1RM (G80). The G20 started RT session with three sets to failure. After G20 training, the number of sets was adjusted for the other contralateral limb conditions with volume‐matched. CSA and 1RM were assessed at pre, post‐6 weeks, and post‐12 weeks. There was time effect for CSA for the vastus lateralis (VL) (8.9%, 20.5%, 20.4%, and 19.5%) and elbow flexors (EF) (11.4%, 25.3%, 25.1%, and 25%) in G20, G40, G60, and G80, respectively (p > .05). G80 showed higher CSA than G20 for VL (19.5% vs. 8.9%) and EF (25% vs. 11.4%) at post‐12 weeks (p < .05). There was time effect for elbow flexion and unilateral leg press strength for all groups post‐12 weeks (p < .05). However, the magnitude of increase was higher in G60 and G80. In conclusion, when low to high intensities of RT are performed with volume‐matched, all intensities were effective for increasing muscle strength and size; however, 20% 1RM was suboptimal in this regard, and only the heavier RT intensity (80% 1RM) was shown superior for increasing strength and CSA compared to low intensities.
What are viruses?
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
‘What are viruses?’ introduces viruses and their structure. Martinus Beijerinck, in 1898, was the first to coin the term ‘virus’, and invention of the electron microscope in the late 1930s greatly enhanced virus identification. Viruses are not cells, but obligate parasites that must infect a cell and use its organelles in order to reproduce. They carry either DNA or RNA, and have a protein coat called a capsid. The whole structure is called a virion. Viruses have a high mutation rate, which helps them to survive and boost their resistance to antiviral drugs. The molecular clock technique to track a virus’s history is also explained.
Emerging virus infections
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Arboviruses are generally transmitted by small biting insects such as mosquitoes. These insects are not just passive carriers of the viruses, but are required by the viruses to complete their life cycles. So arboviruses cannot pass directly from one victim to another except rarely by transfusion of contaminated blood or transplantation of an infected organ. Nevertheless, these viruses are spreading widely, causing large epidemics in humans and domestic animals, with increasing morbidity, mortality, and severe economic implications. ‘Emerging virus infections: arthropod-transmitted viruses’ describes the yellow fever, Zika, Chikungunya, West Nile, dengue fever, and Rift Valley viruses. As the emergence and re-emergence of viruses is increasing, vaccines to protect both humans and domestic animals and to prevent virus spread are urgently needed.
Epidemics and pandemics
Authors: Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Once an acute emerging virus is successfully established in a population, it generally settles into a mode of cyclical epidemics during which many susceptible people are infected and become immune to further attack. When most are immune, the virus moves on, only returning when a new susceptible population has emerged, generally consisting of those born since the last epidemic. ‘Epidemics and pandemics’ considers historical epidemics of viruses, vaccination programmes, and the spread of viruses from one continent to another—pandemics. Airborne viruses mainly cause respiratory illnesses, like flu, the common cold, or pneumonia, while those transmitted by faecal–oral contamination, like rotaviruses and noroviruses, cause intestinal upsets with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.
Youth leadership programs for community development and social action: a pedagogical approach
Authors: Buzinde Christine , Foroughi Behrang , Godwyll Josephine 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis conceptual paper explores pedagogical interventions that can be applied to social change centered youth leadership programs. It specifically focuses on two interventions, Image Theatre and autonomy promotion; the former is a pedagogical tool while the latter is a pedagogical approach. These interventions are vital for social change centered youth leadership programs because they allow facilitators to account for participants’ sense of agency and determination while concurrently engaging them in critical social analyses necessary for the advancement of community development and well-being. This paper presents a description of Image Theatre and autonomy support as well as a discussion of how facilitators can apply these interventions to youth leadership programs. The theoretical tenets that inform the aforementioned pedagogical interventions, theory of self-determination and critical consciousness, respectively, are presented.
Apples, Oranges, and Erasers: The Effect of Considering Similar versus Dissimilar Alternatives on Purchase Decisions
Authors: Friedman Elizabeth M S , Savary Jennifer , Dhar Ravi 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
When deciding whether to buy an item, consumers sometimes think about other ways they could spend their money. Past research has explored how increasing the salience of outside options (i.e., alternatives not immediately available in the choice set) influences purchase decisions, but whether the type of alternative considered systematically affects buying behavior remains an open question. Ten studies find that relative to considering alternatives that are similar to the target, considering dissimilar alternatives leads to a greater decrease in purchase intent for the target. When consumers consider a dissimilar alternative, a competing nonfocal goal is activated, which decreases the perceived importance of the focal goal served by the target option. Consistent with this proposed mechanism, the relative importance of the focal goal versus the nonfocal goal mediates the effect of alternative type on purchase intent, and the effect attenuates when the focal goal is shielded from activation of competing goals. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Clinic Satisfaction Tool Improves Communication and Provides Real-Time Feedback
Authors: Zakare-Fagbamila Rasheedat T , Howell Elizabeth , Choi Ashley Y , Cheng Tracy Z , Clement Mary , Neely Megan , Gottfried Oren N 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Patient-reported assessments of the clinic experience are increasingly important for improving the delivery of care. The Clinician and Group Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CG-CAHPS) survey is the current standard for evaluating patients’ clinic experience, but its format gives 2-mo delayed feedback on a small proportion of patients in clinic. Furthermore, it fails to give specific actionable results on individual encounters.

OBJECTIVE
To develop and assess the impact of a single-page Clinic Satisfaction Tool (CST) to demonstrate real-time feedback, individualized responses, interpretable and actionable feedback, improved patient satisfaction and communication scores, increased physician buy-in, and overall feasibility.

METHODS
We assessed CST use for 12 mo and compared patient-reported outcomes to the year prior. We assessed all clinic encounters for patient satisfaction, all physicians for CG-CAHPS global rating, and physician communication scores, and evaluated the physician experience 1 yr after implementation.

RESULTS
During implementation, 14 690 patients were seen by 12 physicians, with a 96% overall CST utilization rate. Physicians considered the CST superior to CG-CAHPS in providing immediate feedback. CG-CAHPS global scores trended toward improvement and were predicted by CST satisfaction scores (P < .05). CG-CAHPS physician communication scores were also predicted by CST satisfaction scores (P < .01). High CST satisfaction scores were predicted by high utilization (P < .05). Negative feedback dropped significantly over the course of the study (P < .05).

CONCLUSION
The CST is a low-cost, high-yield improvement to the current method of capturing the clinic experience, improves communication and satisfaction between physicians and patients, and provides real-time feedback to physicians.
The use of Hypofractionated Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Intracranial Lesions Unsuitable for Single-Fraction Radiosurgery
Authors: Zhong Jim , Press Robert H , Olson Jeffrey J , Oyesiku Nelson M , Shu Hui-Kuo G , Eaton Bree R 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is commonly used in the treatment of brain metastases, benign tumors, and arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Single-fraction radiosurgery, though ubiquitous, is limited by lesion size and location. In these cases, hypofractionated radiosurgery (hfSRS) offers comparable efficacy and toxicity. We review the recent literature concerning hfSRS in the treatment of brain metastases, benign tumors, and AVMs that are poorly suited for single-fraction SRS. Published retrospective analyses suggest that local control rates for brain metastases and benign tumors, as well as the rates of AVM obliteration, following hfSRS treatment are comparable to those reported for single-fraction SRS. Additionally, the toxicities from hypofractionated treatment appear comparable to those seen with single-fractioned SRS to small lesions.
Revelation and the “Principle That Proceeds From God”
Authors: Kershner Jon R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A literal translation of the word apocalypse is “revelation.” For Woolman, revelation was the supernatural conveyance of God’s will to a human recipient. This revelation was primarily inward, and was transmitted through a divinely imparted “principle” that gave humanity access to God’s words, but that could be silenced if ignored. Receiving and applying divine revelation happened through “resignation,” in which Woolman believed that the carnal, human will was made subject to God’s will, and so man was aligned with God’s purposes and could know God’s will for himself and for human destiny. The content of divine revelation was a society directly governed by Christ’s presence in all things, such that Britons would change their habits, employments, and lifestyles to be consistent with God’s will, an alternative vision of British society from the one that was dominant in the eighteenth century.
Eschatology
Authors: Kershner Jon R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Woolman’s eschatology was different from many of his peers in that he viewed the eschaton—the eon in which God’s ultimate purposes would be fulfilled—as already present in spiritual form. Woolman’s eschatology is best described as a spiritual “amillennialism,” which means that he did not believe the present time to be lacking anything that would need to be accomplished before God’s reign on earth could be established. Instead, he believed the faithful were already in a state that enacted the kingdom of God in the present, and so they were harbingers calling the world to actualize the completion of ultimate things. Woolman’s eschatology was informed by the Hebrew prophet’s concept of the “peaceable kingdom,” which supported his agrarian vision for colonial America. Moreover, Woolman believed God would bring the world into conformity with the kingdom that he believed he already experienced.