bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropathic Arthropathy of the Shoulder
Authors: Rickert Mariel M. , Cannon Jennifer G. , Kirkpatrick John S. 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder is a chronic progressive process characterized by joint destruction in the presence of a neurosensory deficit. Causes include syringomyelia, syphilis, diabetes, chronic alcoholism, and leprosy, with syringomyelia accounting for the vast majority of upper-extremity Charcot joints. Early presentation of this rare condition includes nonspecific symptoms such as swelling, erythema, sensory symptoms, and decreased functionality, making diagnosis challenging.

Methods:
We systematically reviewed 32 case reports published between 1924 and 2016. A total of 59 shoulders from 56 patients are included in this analysis. Variables include patient demographic characteristics, presentation, etiology, diagnostic techniques, treatment, outcome, and follow-up of Charcot shoulder.

Results:
We compiled a total of 25 right shoulders (42%), 24 left shoulders (41%), and 10 shoulders (17%) with unspecified laterality. The mean patient age (and standard deviation) was 49 ± 11 years, and the median age was 47 years. There was a higher prevalence in men (37 shoulders [63%]) compared with women (22 shoulders [37%]). Presenting symptoms included reduced range of motion (53 shoulders [90%]), paresthesia or hypoesthesia (45 [76%]), swelling (44 [75%]), weakness (40 [68%]), pain (31 [53%]), and reduction in deep tendon reflexes (22 [37%]). Shoulder radiographs were made in all cases. The presence of a syrinx was detected in 45 shoulders (76%) with magnetic resonance imaging, myelography, or clinical diagnosis. Sixteen shoulders (27%) reported exposure to trauma, with a 69% decrease in time from presentation to diagnosis compared with non-traumatic cases. Treatment was categorized as solely nonoperative management (14 [24%]), operative management (13 [22%]), combined therapy (20 [34%]), and no treatment listed (10 [17%]). Two surgical cases (3%) were excluded from our treatment group analysis as they were treated for unrelated or misdiagnosed conditions.

Conclusions:
Our study increases awareness and understanding of this complex, progressive disease to reduce delay and misdiagnosis and to contribute to the standard-of-care recommendations.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Shoulder Instability in Women Compared with Men
Authors: DeFroda Steven F. , Donnelly Joseph C. , Mulcahey Mary K. , Perez Lizbeth , Owens Brett D. 
Published: October 2019

» Although shoulder instability is well described, there is a paucity of literature examining the differences between women and men with regard to epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment of shoulder instability.» Variability in muscle mass, ligamentous laxity, and overall biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint may cause men and women to experience shoulder instability in different ways.» Additionally, differences in circulating hormones such as relaxin may contribute to increased joint laxity in women compared with men; these differences affect the pathophysiology of instability.» The presence of increased physiologic laxity, due to these hormone levels, in female patients makes the treatment considerations more complex in that many classification systems do not take sex into consideration (i.e., the Instability Severity Index Score).
Channel Fracturing Extension to Low-Temperature Formations. Field Case Studies in Russia.
Authors: Yudin Alexey , Glaznev Ivan , Lyapunov Konstantin , Loznyuk Oleg , Korolev Alexandr , Khamidov Timur , Prokhorov Alexey , Rylance Martin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Channel fracturing technology has been a key enabler to unlocking hydrocarbon production from low-permeability formations in Russia for 10 years, by minimizing treatment costs and improving operational efficiency. However, an intrinsic limitation existed for candidate selection because the technique requires post-job dissolution of the fiber that is a principal component of the success of achieving efficient channel fracturing behavior. This set a lower temperature limitation of 60°C, such that formations with temperatures below this value were not recognized as potential candidates. This project was aimed at eliminating the temperature limitation and thereby enhancing the potential candidate pool for application.
The channel fracturing technique creates infinite-conductivity channels within a fracture, using a proppant-pulsing technique delivered by the surface equipment. Proppant structures are consolidated and transported along the fracture by means of fibrous material, which then degrades in the channels and proppant pillars within days after the treatment, conventionally because of the high formation temperature. Expanding hydraulic fracturing into new low-temperature oil provinces such as Eastern Siberia and the Turonian formation in the Yamal region called for adjustment in the channel fracturing technique. Specifically, surface equipment was used in a modified mode to alter the pumping schedule of the fiber additive to add fiber in pulses that are synchronized with proppant pulses.
The new channel fracturing methodology was designed and tested under laboratory conditions initially and then subsequently applied in several low-temperature (20 to 30°C) oil and gas fields/wells in Russia. The first campaign yielded positive results. New software and equipment adjustments allowed for precise and accurate synchronization that resulted in fiber-free channels. The first productivity results also illustrated the potential of the technology to match or exceed the planned hydrocarbon production. The main advantages of the channel fracturing technique remained unchanged—improved barrels/dollar ratio by up to 10% compared with conventional methods and fracturing cycle operational efficiency reduction of up to 25% as compared with standard techniques. Thus, the temperature limitation was removed, leaving one major criterion for channel fracturing applicability: rock competency to hold channels open and stable throughout the life of the fracture.
The study breaks new ground in the stimulation of low-temperature formations by extending the channel fracturing technique, well-recognized in the traditional basins of Russia. The project includes laboratory testing and real field examples from two regions of Russia—the first campaigns.
Estimation of Fluid Phase Composition Variation Along the Wellbore by Analyzing Passive Acoustic Logging Data
Authors: Mutovkin Nikita , Mikhailov Dmitry , Sofronov Ivan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We present an approach of passive acoustic logging data interpretation to estimate wellbore fluid holdup variation along the wellbore due to the fluid inflow. The algorithm uses machine learning methods for the analysis of acoustic fields generated, in particular, by flow noise in the reservoir near wellbore zone. The method is designed using acoustic fields generated by numerical simulations. The study of simulation results shows the significant influence of wellbore resonances on acoustic field spectrograms and on intensity distributions along the wellbore.
The interpretation results demonstrate that the suggested machine learning model predicts water holdup in a zone after the water inflow with high accuracy. The predictions of water holdup before the water inflow interval are less accurate because resonance characteristics are less sensitive to them. We also studied the influence of passive acoustic logging data distortion by contaminating noise on the model learning and on prediction accuracy for the developed interpretation algorithm. As expected, the estimation of water holdup before the water inflow interval is more sensitive to signal interference.
The novelty of the suggested approach to passive acoustic logging data interpretation is in using resonance structures of the acoustic noise spatial frequency characteristics to locate the inflow interval and to estimate the oil and water volume fractions. The resonances contain a clear fingerprint of the fluid holdup variation in wellbore fluid, as shown by our study, and the corresponding information can be interpreted by the machine learning algorithms.
Complex Approach to the Design of Acid Treatment of Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Trushin Yuri , Aleshchenko Anton , Danilin Kirill , Folomeev Alexey , Haydar Azat , Gorin Alexander , Sharifullin Andrey 
Published: October 2019

Summary
Kharyaginskoye field belongs to Pechora-Kolvinsky oil and gas bearing area of Timan-Pechora oil and gasbearing province. LLC Zarubezhneft-production Kharyaga exploits the following productive strata of the carbonate part of Kharyaginskoe field: Artinsky layer (P1ar) and Asselsky and Sakmar horizons (P1a + s) and the D3-III productive object associated with the upper Devonian, represented by sediments Zadonskogo-Yelets horizons. However, the main object in operation is the D3-III formation.
The paper considers the complex process of designing acid treatment (AT), which includes physical and chemical studies of acid compositions (AC), formation fluids and object rocks, physical modeling of acid effects on the studied core samples, calculating the optimal AT design based on mathematical modeling.
The formed approach allows you to determine to optimize the key parameters of the design of wells: the optimal concentration of the main hydrochloric acid in AC, volume, speed, number of stages of injection of AC and flow diverter, as well as calculate the predicted values of the parameters of the well operation after AT.
Manuscript: Intern preparedness for the CanMEDS roles and the Dunning-Kruger effect: a survey
Authors: Prozesky Detlef Richard , Molwantwa Mmoloki Cornelius , Kebaetse Masego Baitseng , Nkomazana Oathokwa 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the first cohort of graduates from a new undergraduate medical programme in Botswana were adequately prepared for internship.
Methods
The authors surveyed 27 interns and 13 intern supervisors on site, who rated intern preparedness for 44 tasks using a previously validated instrument. Tasks were grouped according to the seven roles of the physician in the CanMEDS framework and Cronbach α values confirmed internal consistency. To determine the direction of differences between intern and supervisor ratings for tasks Likert scale ratings were treated as interval data and mean scores calculated. Rating frequencies for each role were compared using the χ 2 statistic. Reasons for differences between intern and supervisor ratings were explored by determining correlations between scores using the Spearman ρ statistic, and analysing qualitative data generated by the questionnaire.
Results
Preparedness for all seven roles and the majority of tasks was found to be between ‘Fairly well prepared’ and ‘Well prepared’. The ratings for four roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator, Professional) differed statistically, but not for the three others (Leader, Health advocate, Scholar). Interns rated their proficiency higher than their supervisors for the tasks in six roles; for the ‘Professional’ role intern ratings were mostly lower. Correlations between intern and supervisors scores were only significant for three roles (Medical expert, Communicator, Collaborator). Qualitative data provided further insights into the reasons for these associations.
Conclusions
Intern preparedness for tasks and roles varied but was generally satisfactory. Based on the analysis of the data seeming discrepancies in between interns and supervisor ratings were investigated and explanations are offered. For three roles the data indicate that their component tasks are understood in the same way by interns and supervisors, but not for the other roles. The Dunning-Kruger effect offers a plausible explanation for higher intern scores for tasks in six of the roles. For the ‘Professional’ role differences between interns’ internal, individual understanding and supervisors’ external, group understanding may explain lower intern scores. The fact that respondents may understand the tasks they rate differently has implications for all research of this nature.
Characterization of human norovirus binding to gut-associated bacterial ligands
Authors: Almand Erin , Moore Matthew D. , Jaykus Lee-Ann 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: Research suggests human norovirus binding to Histo-Blood Group Antigen (HBGA)-like molecules on enteric bacteria may enhance viral pathogenesis; however, the properties of these bacterial ligands are not well known. Previous work identified, but did not characterize, seven norovirus-binding bacteria. To further examine this bacteria-virus binding interaction, enteric bacteria were analyzed via Western blot with anti-HBGA antibodies and lectins targeting HBGA-associated sugar components. Virus overlay assays using capsids from six different human norovirus strains further identified responsible ligands and strain dependent binding properties.
Results: Each bacterial species possessed varying degrees of HBGA-like activity, and lectin binding further elucidated potential sugar residues involved (N-acetyl-galactosamine, α-D-galactose or α-L-fucose). Both GI and GII norovirus capsids bound specific bacterial ligand sizes, and generally corresponded to anti-HBGA Western blot patterns. A 35-kDa band reacted with all HBGA antibodies, bound all six of the noroviruses tested, and had a high affinity for the lectins. Collectively, this work characterizes the varying carbohydrate residues potentially responsible for norovirus-bacteria interactions and provides a basis for future ligand identification.
The diversity between curatively resected pancreatic head and body-tail cancers based on the 8th edition of AJCC staging system: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Sheng Weiwei , Dong Ming , Wang Guosen , Shi Xiaoyang , Gao Wei , Wang Kewei , Song He , Shi Gang , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To our knowledge, there are no studies to systematically compare the detailed clinical significance between curatively resected pancreatic head (ph) and body-tail (pbt) ductal adenocarcinoma based on the new 8th edition of AJCC staging system (8 th AJCC stage) that was just applied in clinical practice in 2018.
Methods : 351 patients with curatively resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) from three center hospitals were entered into this multicenter cohort study.
Results: Increasing tumor size ( P <0.001), T stage (T1+T2 vs T3+T4, P =0.003), frequent postoperative liver metastasis (PLM) ( P =0.002) and 8 th AJCC stage (IA to VI, P <0.001; I+II vs III+IV, P =0.002) were closely associated with the progression of pbt cancers compared with that in ph cancer patients. Moreover, tumor size≥3cm ( P =0.012), 8 th AJCC stage (III+IV) ( P =0.025) and PLM ( P =0.010) were identified as independent risk factors in pbt cancers in logistic analysis. Patients with pbt cancers had a significantly worse overall survival compared with ph cancer patients ( P =0.007). Moreover, pbt was an independent unfavorable factor in multivariate analysis ( P =0.009). In addition to 8 th AJCC stage, vascular invasion and PLM, increasing tumor size and advanced T stage were also closely associated with the poor prognosis in 131 cases of pbt cancer patients compared with Ph cancer patients.
Conclusion: Pbt, as an independent unfavorable factor for the prognosis of PC patients, are much more aggressive than that in ph cancers according to 8 th AJCC staging system. 8 th AJCC staging system are more comprehensive and sensitive to reflect the malignant biology of pbt cancers.
Heart Disease in a Mutant Mouse Model of Spontaneous Eosinophilic Myocarditis Maps to Three Loci
Authors: Zimmermann Nives , Gibbons William J. , Homan Shelli M. , Prows Daniel R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Heart disease (HD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hypereosinophilic diseases. Due to a lack of adequate animal models, our understanding of the pathophysiology of eosinophil-mediated diseases with heart complications is limited. We have discovered a mouse mutant, now maintained on an A/J inbred background, that spontaneously develops hypereosinophilia in multiple organs. Cellular infiltration into the heart causes an eosinophilic myocarditis, with affected mice of the mutant line ( i.e., A/J HD ) demonstrating extensive myocardial damage and remodeling that leads to HD and premature death, usually by 15-weeks old.

Results: Maintaining the A/J HD line for many generations established that the HD trait was heritable and implied the mode of inheritance was not too complex. Backcross and intercross populations generated from mating A/J HD males with females from four different inbred strains produced recombinant populations with highly variable rates of affected offspring, ranging from none in C57BL/6J intercrosses, to a few mice with HD using 129S1/SvImJ intercrosses and C57BL/6J backcrosses, but nearly 8% of intercrosses and >17% of backcrosses from SJL/J related populations developed HD. Linkage analyses of these SJL/J derived recombinants identified three highly significant loci: a recessive locus mapping to distal chromosome 5 (LOD=4.88; named Emhd1 for E osinophilic m yocarditis to h eart d isease- 1 ); and two dominant variants mapping to chromosome 17, one ( Emhd2 ; LOD=7.51) proximal to the major histocompatibility complex, and a second ( Emhd3 ; LOD=6.89) that includes the major histocompatibility region. Haplotype analysis identified the specific crossovers that defined the Emhd1 (2.65Mb), Emhd2 (8.46Mb) and Emhd3 (14.59Mb) intervals.

Conclusions: These results indicate the HD trait in this mutant mouse model of eosinophilic myocarditis is oligogenic with variable penetrance, due to multiple segregating variants and possibly additional genetic or nongenetic factors. The A/J HD mouse model represents a unique and valuable resource to understand the interplay of causal factors that underlie the pathology of this newly discovered eosinophil-associated disease with cardiac complications.
Recovery of non-reference sequences missing from the human reference genome
Authors: Li Ran , Tian Xiaomeng , Yang Peng , Fan Yingzhi , Li Ming , Zheng Hongxiang , Wang Xihong , Jiang Yu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
The non-reference sequences (NRS) represent structure variations in human genome with potential functional significance. However, besides the known insertions, it is currently unknown whether other types of structure variations with NRS exist.
Results
Here, we compared 31 human de novo assemblies with the current reference genome to identify the NRS and their location. We resolved the precise location of 6,113 NRS adding up to 12.8 Mb. Besides 1,571 insertions, we detected 3,041 alternate alleles, which were defined as having less than 90% (or none) identity with the reference alleles. These alternate alleles overlapped with 1,143 protein-coding genes including a putative novel MHC haplotype. Further, we demonstrated that the alternate alleles and their flanking regions had high content of tandem repeats, indicating that their origin was associated with tandem repeats.
Conclusions
Our study detected a large number of NRS including many alternate alleles which are previously uncharacterized. We suggested that the origin of alternate alleles was associated with tandem repeats. Our results enriched the spectrum of genetic variations in human genome.
Effect of lymph node dissection on stage-specific survival in patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma treated with nephroureterectomy
Authors: Zhai Ting-Shuai , Jin Liang , Zhou Zhen , Liu Xiang , Liu Huan , Chen Wei , Lu Jing-Yi , Yao Xu-Dong , Feng Li-Ming , Ye Lin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objectives To estimate the stage-specific impact of lymph node dissection (LND) on survival for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients treated with nephroureterectomy (NU).
Methods Overall, 7278 UTUC patients undergoing NU within the SEER database from 2004 to 2015 were identified. Kaplan-Meier plots illustrated overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates according to LND status. Multivariable Cox regression analyses assessed the effect of LND on OS and CSS rates stratified by pathological tumor stage.
Results LND was performed in 26.9% of patients, and in 18.6, 23.3, 31.2 and 45.9% for pT1, pT2, pT3 and pT4 patients, respectively (P < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analyses, LND was associated with a higher OS or CSS in UTUC patients with pT3 and pT4 disease (all P < 0.05), but failed to achieve independent predictor status in patients with pT1 and pT2 disease (all P > 0.05). LND with 1 to 3 regional lymph nodes removed was prone to a higher OS or CSS only in pT4 compared to no LND (both P < 0.01). LND with 4 or more regional lymph nodes removed predisposed to a higher OS or CSS in pT3 or pT4 (all P < 0.05).
Conclusion The beneficial effect of LND especially LND with 4 or more regional lymph nodes removed on survival was evident in pT3/4 patients. LND can be considered for pT3 and pT4, for pT1/2 remains to be seen, both of which will be verified by further prospective studies.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Bronchial Asthma among Adult Patients in Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia 2018: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tegegnework Sisay , Muhamud Sindew , Demelash Alebachew 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Bronchial asthma is one of the major public health challenges throughout the world that negatively impact patients, families and community. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of bronchial asthma among patients in adult emergency department of Debre Berhan Referral Hospital. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was used among 257 study participants. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected by using pretested and structured questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 20.0. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of asthma.
Results
Prevalence of bronchial asthma among adult patients was 29.6%. Being an urban resident (AOR: 1.5: 95%CI: 1.3 - 3.9), income of household less than 1000 EBr/ month (AOR: 1.7: 95%CI: 1.6 - 4.1), having family history of asthma (AOR: 2.7: 95%CI: 1.3 - 5.8), and presence of vermin in the house (AOR: 2.4: 95%CI: 1.2 – 4.7) were significantly associated with bronchial asthma. The authors concluded that the prevalence of bronchial asthma among adult patients was high. Therefore, educational program about the risk factors and preventive measures of asthma is highly recommended.