bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into coherently controlled Fizeau light dragging in five-level atomic medium
Authors: Khan Ubaidullah , Khesro Amir , Ali Riaz , Ali Wahid , Amina  , Akbar Jehan , Usman Muhammad , EL-Gawaad N. S. Abd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We address the coherent regulation of Fizeau's light dragging effect in a five-level atomic medium using the exploitation of joint strong control and weak probing fields. The strength of Fizeau's light dragging, as well as the phase velocity and group index, exhibit a strong reliance upon the detuning of the probing type field and the associated Rabi type frequencies of the control fields. The maximum coefficient for Fizeau's light dragging is determined to be ±500. This phenomenon significantly affects the phase along with the group velocities and induces a phase shift in light pulses propagating through the medium. Besides, the phase shift with maximum strength of light pulse in the medium is found to be ±0.08 radians. Finally, it is important to note that our findings hold practical implications for applications such as interferometry, imaging coding, and the development of cloaking devices.
Molecular characterization and sub-retinal transplantation of hypoimmunogenic human retinal sheets in a minipig model of severe photoreceptor degeneration
Authors: Barabino Andrea , Mellal Katia , Hamam Rimi , Polosa Anna , Griffith May , Bouchard Jean-François , Kalevar Ananda , Hanna Roy , Bernier Gilbert 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Retinal degenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide, and legal blindness is generally associated with the loss of cone photoreceptors located in the central region of the retina called the macula. Currently, there is no treatment to replace the macula. Addressing this unmet need, we employed control isogenic and hypoimmunogenic induced pluripotent stem cell lines to generate spontaneously polarized retinal sheets (RSs). RSs were enriched in retinal progenitor and cone precursor cells, which could differentiate into mature S- and M/L-cones in long-term cultures. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis showed that RSs recapitulate the ontogeny of the developing human retina. Isolation of neural rosettes for sub-retinal transplantation effectively eliminated unwanted cells such as RPE cells. In a porcine model of chemically induced retinal degeneration, grafts integrated the host retina and formed a new, yet immature, photoreceptor layer. In one transplanted animal, functional and immunohistochemical assays suggest that grafts exhibited responsiveness to light stimuli and established putative synaptic connections with host bipolar neurons. This study underscores the potential and challenges of RSs for clinical applications.
Delegation with Technology Migration: An Empirical Analysis of Mobile Virtual Network Operators
Authors: Zou Fan , Dong Yan , Hu Kejia , Venkataraman Sriram 
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs) on the performance of mobile network operators (MNOs) in the presence of overlapping generations of wireless mobile network technologies (2G and 3 G). MVNOs distribute MNOs’ mobile services to customers without owning any spectrum or network infrastructures, either as a subsidiary (branded MVNOs) or delegated under wholesale agreements with MNOs (third-party MVNOs). We investigate MVNO value chain governance, that is, delegation, in the context of overlapping generations of technologies. Leveraging a proprietary data set, we design a quasi-experiment to analyze the impact of branded and third-party MVNOs in 2G and 3 G market expansion. Using first a difference-in-differences analysis and then dynamic propensity score matching, we find that an MNO’s 2G market share increases if the MNO launches a third-party MVNO, whereas its 3 G market share increases if it launches a branded MVNO. More importantly, the positive effects of branded MVNOs diminish over time, but those of third-party MVNOs become stronger over time. For managers challenged by managing overlapping generations of technologies, it is important to customize value chain governance for market expansion: to create branded MVNOs to explore new mobile technologies, and to delegate to third-party MVNOs to exploit existing technology markets when the technology market is mature. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.01832 .
Don’t throw the colonial text out with its ideology!: Recruiting a colonial text to do decolonial work on a university academic literacy course
Authors: Torquato Cloris , Arend Moeain , Hunma Aditi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Since 2015, South African universities have undergone a major overhaul, with students nationwide calling for curriculum reform to introduce texts and approaches that do not perpetuate colonial ideologies. This presented an opportunity to shed untransformed ways of knowing, and recent publications in the region reflect this impetus. It is in this climate, in 2019, that our course, Writing Across Borders, was launched to foster critical literacy practices, exposing students to diverse texts, including a history textbook published in 1909. Our use of this textbook presently could be questioned. We argue, however, that instead of throwing the colonial text out with its ideology, it can be recruited differently to reveal its problematic constructions of race and contradictions. This article models the class discussions around the history textbook, applying a critical discourse analysis lens, which allows for multi-layered analysis, and surfaces asymmetries of power that created the conditions for social injustices in colonial and postcolonial contexts. The analysis demonstrates that meaning does not reside in the text alone, but in how it is used to achieve its decolonial meaning potential, and to invite us all to unlearn our enduring racial biases. It thus offers us pedagogical possibilities by harnessing colonial texts differently.
Rare but elevated incidence of hematological malignancy after clozapine use in schizophrenia: A population cohort study
Authors: Hu Yuqi , Gao Le , Zhou Lingyue , Liu Wenlong , Wei Cuiling , Liu Boyan , Sun Qi , Tian Wenxin , Chu Rachel Yui Ki , Song Song , Cheng Franco Wing Tak , Chan Joe Kwun Nam , Ng Amy Pui Pui , Lo Heidi Ka Ying , Lee Krystal Chi Kei , Chang Wing Chung , Wong William Chi Wai , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Wong Ian Chi Kei , Chai Yi , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun 
Published: December 2024

Background
Clozapine is widely regarded as a highly efficacious psychotropic drug that is largely underused worldwide. Recent disproportionality analyses and nationwide case-control studies suggested a potential association between clozapine use and hematological malignancy (HM). Nevertheless, the absolute rate difference is not well-established due to the absence of analytic cohort studies. The clinical significance of such a potential risk remains unclear.

Methods and findings
We extracted data from a territory-wide public healthcare database from January 2001 to August 2022 in Hong Kong to conduct a retrospective cohort study of anonymized patients aged 18+ years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who used clozapine or olanzapine (drug comparator with highly similar chemical structure and pharmacological mechanisms) for 90+ days, with at least 2 prior other antipsychotic use records within both groups. Weighted by inverse probability of treatment (IPTW) based on propensity scores, Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of HM between clozapine and olanzapine users. The absolute rate difference was also estimated. In total, 9,965 patients with a median follow-up period of 6.99 years (25th to 75th percentile: 4.45 to 10.32 years) were included, among which 834 were clozapine users. After IPTW, the demographic and clinical characteristics of clozapine users were comparable to those of olanzapine users. Clozapine users had a significant weighted IRR of 2.22 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.52, 3.34]; p < 0.001) for HM compared to olanzapine users. The absolute rate difference was estimated at 57.40 (95% CI [33.24, 81.55]) per 100,000 person-years. Findings were consistent across subgroups by age and sex. Sensitivity analyses all supported the robustness of the results and showed good specificity to HM but no other cancers. The main limitation of this observational study is the potential residual confounding effects that could have arisen from the lack of randomization in clozapine or olanzapine use.

Conclusions
Absolute rate difference in HM incidence associated with clozapine is small despite a 2-fold elevated rate. Given the rarity of HM and existing blood monitoring requirements, more restrictive indication for clozapine or special warnings may not be necessary.
Care home resident identification: A comparison of address matching methods with Natural Language Processing
Authors: Suárez-Paniagua Víctor , Casey Arlene , A. Marwick Charis , K. Burton Jennifer , Callaby Helen , Guthrie Isobel , Guthrie Bruce , Alex Beatrice 
Published: December 2024

Background
Care home residents are a highly vulnerable group, but identifying care home residents in routine data is challenging. This study aimed to develop and validate Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods to identify care home residents from primary care address records.

Methods
The proposed system applies an NLP sequential filtering and preprocessing of text, then the calculation of similarity scores between general practice (GP) addresses and care home registered addresses. Performance was evaluated in a diagnostic test study comparing NLP prediction to independent, gold-standard manual identification of care home addresses. The analysis used population data for 771,588 uniquely written addresses for 819,911 people in two NHS Scotland health board regions. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/vsuarezpaniagua/NLPcarehome.

Results
Care home resident identification by NLP methods overall was better in Fife than in Tayside, and better in the over-65s than in the whole population. Methods with the best performance were Correlation (sensitivity 90.2%, PPV 92.0%) for Fife data and Cosine (sensitivity 90.4%, PPV 93.7%) for Tayside. For people aged ≥65 years, the best methods were Jensen-Shannon (sensitivity 91.5%, PPV 98.7%) for Fife and City Block (sensitivity 94.4%, PPV 98.3%) for Tayside. These results show the feasibility of applying NLP methods to real data concluding that computing address similarities outperforms previous works.

Conclusions
Address-matching techniques using NLP methods can determine with reasonable accuracy if individuals live in a care home based on their GP-registered addresses. The performance of the system exceeds previously reported results such as Postcode matching, Markov score or Phonics score.
Effectiveness of care provided by an itinerant community caregiver in reducing the burden and violence of family caregivers of impaired elderly in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Lino Valéria Teresa Saraiva , Rodrigues Nadia Cristina Pinheiro , Groisman Daniel , Atie Soraya , Camacho Luiz Antônio Bastos , Perisse Germana 
Published: December 2024

Introduction
The aging population and the rise in chronic diseases are linked to a higher number of elderly individuals with impairments. These individuals often depend on family caregivers for basic daily activities, which can impose a significant burden and increase the risk of violence against them.

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of itinerant community caregivers (ICC) in reducing burden, depression and risk of violence among family caregivers of impaired elderly (FCIE), while also increasing their social support.

Methods
Randomized controlled trial with 38 pairs of elderly people and their caregivers. For six months, twice a week, the ICC spent three hours with the elderly, completing tasks given by the FCIE. The primary outcomes were reduction of at least one level in the burden, and or in the risk of violence against the elderly. The secondary outcomes were a decrease in depressive symptoms and/or an increase in social support. Multiple log binomial regression models were used to assess the relationship between the predictors and the response variables.

Results
In the FCIE group, most individuals providing care were women who spent over 16 hours each day in the task of caring for the impaired elderly, with most falling between the ages of 41 and 60. Over half of them were children of the elderly participants. In the intervention group, there was a significant decrease in the likelihood of violence against the elderly, with a 10-fold reduction. However, other endpoints did not present significant changes.

Conclusion
The involvement of an ICC in the care of impaired elderly can contribute to reducing domestic violence by FCIE.
Genetic variants associated with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury
Authors: Douville Nicholas J. , Bastarache Lisa , Bertucci-Richter Emily , Patil Snehal , Jewell Elizabeth S. , Freundlich Robert E. , Kertai Miklos D. , Engoren Milo C. 
Published: December 2024

Background
Kidney dysfunction is a common complication in septic patients. Studies have identified numerous risk factors for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI), yet there is wide variability in the incidence even among patients with similar risk factors, suggesting the presence of additional uncharacterized risk factors, including genetic differences. The expansion of biobanks, advances in genotyping, and standardized diagnostic criteria have enabled large-scale, hypothesis-generating studies into the genetic mechanisms underlying S-AKI. We hypothesize that the genetic pathway behind S-AKI has overlapping mechanisms with key differences based upon the specific subtype of acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods
To test this hypothesis, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of S-AKI in three logistic regression models. Model 1, controlled for 1) age, 2) sex, 3) genotyping chip, and 4) the first five principal components. In Model 2, pre-sepsis baseline serum creatinine was added to the variables in Model 1. Finally, in Model 3, we controlled for the full range of patient, clinical, and ICU-related risk factors. Each of the 3-models were repeated in a pre-specified sensitivity analysis of higher severity S-AKI, defined as KDIGO Stage 2 or 3. We then compare associated variants and genes from our GWAS with previously published AKI sub-types and model other factors associated with S-AKI in our dataset.

Findings
3,348 qualifying Sepsis-3 patients have been genotyped in our dataset. Of these patients, 383 (11.4%) developed Stage 1, 2, or 3 AKI (primary outcome) and 181 (5.4%) developed Stage 2 or 3 AKI (sensitivity analysis). The median age was 61 years (interquartile range (IQR): 51,69), 42% were female, and the increase in SOFA score (between 48-hours before to 24-hours after the onset of suspected infection) was 2 (2–3). No variants exceeded our threshold for genome-wide significance (P<5x10-8), however, a total of 13 variants exceeded the suggestive (P<1x10-6) threshold. Notably, rs184516290 (chr1:199814965:G:A), near the NR5A2 gene, chr1:199805801:T:TA, also near the NR5A2 gene, and rs117313146 (chr15:31999784:G:C), near the CHRNA7 gene, were associated with S-AKI at the suggestive level in all three models presented. Variants in the suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU) gene, previously shown to be correlated with renal function in bacteremic patients, consistently exceeded the P<0.05 threshold in our models.

Conclusions
While failing to identify any novel association for S-AKI at the level of genome-wide significance, our study did suggest multiple variants in previously characterized pathways for S-AKI including CHRNA7, NR5A2, and SUFU. We failed to replicate associations from multiple prior studies which may result from differences in how the phenotype was defined or, alternatively, limited genetic contribution and low heritability.
Point-of-care ultrasound use in austere environments: A scoping review
Authors: Anderson Aubree , Theophanous Rebecca G. 
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives
Technological developments in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), particularly with portable devices, are transforming POCUS use in austere, resource-limited environments (RLS) distinct from typical hospital or medical settings. POCUS has potential to improve diagnostic accuracy in military combat zones, low-resource environments such as the desert or tropics, microgravity, and high altitudes. Our updated narrative scoping review describes POCUS use in these global settings.

Methods
Using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, two ultrasound-trained emergency physicians searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science on August 6, 2024 for “point-of-care ultrasound in austere environments” and each individual category. Study titles and abstracts were independently screened, then full manuscripts, and data was abstracted with a data collection table. 324 articles met inclusion criteria: research studies describing POCUS in austere environments; involving healthcare professionals; and in English. We excluded abstracts, studies not involving POCUS in austere environments, and non-clinical studies. Reviewers critically appraised studies using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) Quality Assessment Tool.

Results
There were 39 military or conflict zone studies, 101 prehospital, 148 in RLS including low- and middle-income countries, 12 outer space, 15 high altitude, and 32 involving POCUS use in multiple austere environments. There were 6 randomized-control trials, 11 systematic/scoping reviews, 13 narrative reviews, 112 prospective observational/cohort, 34 prospective cross-sectional studies, 23 retrospective, 6 feasibility, 45 case reports, 13 case series, and 5 educational curriculum studies. GRADE study quality was variable, with 74 high quality, 129 moderate, 82 low, and 56 very low.

Conclusion
The existing literature is mixed with variability in study settings, design, and POCUS examination types, providing an initial understanding of POCUS applications. Most studies are in RLS or prehospital settings. Additional high-quality studies are needed to guide POCUS training, disseminate use in non-hospital settings, and maximize impact for improved clinical outcomes in diverse austere environments.
A Importância dos Educadores Sociais nas Escolas Públicas do Distrito Federal: Direito das Pessoas com Deficiência.
Authors: Dias Leite Eduardo , Cristina Moreira Guimarães Giovanna , Carvalho Santos Maria Eduarda , Cristina Cavalcante Amorim Hellen 
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo traz por tema a atuação dos educadores sociais, com o título a importância dos educadores sociais nas escolas públicas do DF: direito à educação das pessoas com deficiência. As pessoas com deficiência têm dificuldade de escolarização, sendo a modalidade educação escolar oferecida preferencialmente no ensino regular. Desse modo, indaga-se qual a importância dos educadores sociais nas escolas públicas do DF para a educação dos alunos com deficiência? Diante da realidade do Brasil, nem toda escola está preparada para incluir esses alunos, cuja consequência pode ser a evasão. Para a educação dessas pessoas, surge a figura do educador social. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo geral é demonstrar o papel dos educadores sociais nas escolas públicas do DF para o desenvolvimento e a inclusão dos alunos com deficiência. Os objetivos específicos visam compreender a formação dos profissionais para a inclusão de alunos com deficiência, descrever o funcionamento do Programa Educador Social Voluntário (ESV)[1] e examinar a legislação relacionada à inclusão escolar. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória partiu da coleta de dados utilizados como fontes primárias, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatro participantes, bem como fontes bibliográficas, legislações e trabalhos científicos. O resultado da pesquisa traz o educador social como figura essencial no cotidiano do aluno com deficiência. Ele dá suporte para o seu desenvolvimento e sua socialização no ambiente escolar.

[1] A abreviação ESV será usada neste texto para se referir ao programa e a educador social.
O Acesso ao Modal Ferroviário no Brasil à Luz da Nova Economia Institucional
Authors: Diniz Gurgel Adriana , F.R. Lanza João 
Published: December 2024

Um dos maiores entraves ao desenvolvimento e aumento da competitividade da economia brasileira reside nos elevados custos logísticos, principalmente o custo de transporte. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a situação do setor ferroviário no Brasil à luz da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI), e busca compreender as razões pelas quais o acesso aos serviços de transporte ferroviário no país, a despeito das crescentes melhorias e aumentos de volume transportado, tem permanecido restrito a poucos setores da economia. Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica de análise documental sobre a história do desenvolvimento, da regulação e da gestão da malha ferroviária brasileira, combinada à análise de rede e relações interorganizacionais do setor, destacando os atores-chave que atuam com capacidade de influência e autonomia na tomada de decisão. E, em linha com outros estudos nos campos da História Econômica, Administração e Direito, conclui-se que as ferrovias brasileiras não foram completamente negligenciadas, mas reestruturadas no decorrer do Século XX para desempenhar um papel marginal no setor de transportes nacional, atendendo uma função específica de exportação de commodities minerais e agrícolas, em detrimento de mercadorias diversas no mercado doméstico e à mobilidade pública. A contribuição pretendida deste estudo é jogar luz nas razões pelas quais o sistema ferroviário brasileiro foi relegado a um papel secundário na matriz de transportes do país e fomentar discussões sobre a diversificação dos serviços de transporte ferroviário para outros setores da economia brasileira.
TENDÊNCIA LINEAR DE VALORES DA TEMPERATURA DO AR PARA CIDADES DO LESTE DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ ENTRE 1925 E 2020
Authors: Marquetti Jonathan Klein , Limberger Leila 
Published: December 2024

O planeta passa por um processo de aquecimento global causado pela ação antrópica, tanto pela emissão dos gases do efeito estufa quanto pela alteração no uso e ocupação da terra. Por outro lado, questiona-se se já são sentidos, em escala local, os efeitos desse aquecimento global. Visando responder a esta pergunta a presente pesquisa utilizou dados diários de temperatura do ar máxima e mínima para uma série histórica de 1925 a 2020, registradas em três cidades localizadas no leste do Paraná: Curitiba, Castro e Paranaguá. Utilizou-se do software R para processar o pacote RClimpact, que gera índices de detecção de mudanças climáticas. Verificou-se que há significância estatística na variação dos índices a) FD2, que demonstrou uma redução de número de dias com temperaturas abaixo de 2ºC; b) do índice SU30, indicando que o número de dias com temperatura acima de 30ºC teve um incremento durante o período analisado e c) do índice TR20, indicando aumento dos dias com temperaturas mínimas acima dos 20ºC. Conclui-se que o aquecimento registrado no Paraná, portanto, não é devido a séries curtas ou recentes, mas que é significativo estatisticamente mesmo com séries temporais longas, como as analisadas nesta pesquisa. Assim, nota-se que os sinais do aquecimento global podem ser sentidos em escala local de forma inconteste, o que gera pressão sobre os sistemas de energia, agrícola, de saúde, defesa civil etc., além da modificação na circulação atmosférica, com ocorrência de mais eventos climáticos extremos.