bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjustable Transobturator Male System after Failed Surgical Devices for Male Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Angulo Javier C. , Esquinas Cristina , Arance Ignacio , Rodríguez Andrés , Pereira Javier , Rabassa Miguel , Teyrouz Antoine , Teba Fernando , Celada Guillermo , Marcelino João P. , Martins Francisco E. , Manso Margarida , Cruz Francisco 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Feasibility study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Adjustable Transobturator Male System (ATOMS) after failed surgical devices for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI). <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Thirty patients were implanted with ATOMS after they were implanted with surgical device/s previously. SUI severity was evaluated as dryness (0–1 pad/day), mild (2 pads/day), moderate (3–5 pads/day), or severe (≥6 pads/day). Change in pad-test and pad-count after adjustment, operative parameters, patient satisfaction, and number and grade of complications were investigated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Previous failed treatment methods were artificial urinary sphincter (AUS; <i>n</i> = 19), Advance (<i>n</i> = 10), and Virtue (<i>n</i> = 1). Six cases had multiple previous treatments. Preoperative SUI was mild 6 (20%), moderate 11 (36.7%), and severe 13 (43.3%). Median pad-test decreased from 435 mL baseline to 10 mL after adjustment and pad-count from 4 to 0. Dry-rate was 76.7 and 83.3% declared satisfied. Postoperative SUI distribution was mild in 3 (10%) and moderate in 4 (13.3%). No patient had urinary retention after catheter removal. Complications presented in 4 (13.3%; 3 grade-I, 1 grade-II). After a median of 24 months follow-up, no system experienced infection or urethral erosion and 1 (3.3%) was removed for inefficacy. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Based on short-term efficacy and patient satisfaction, ATOMS can be a realistic alternative for male SUI after other failed systems, including AUS. The absence of urethral erosion and limited infective problems makes this alternative attractive for cases with previous failed treatments.
Regional Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease Is Associated with Balance in an Elderly Multi-Ethnic Population
Authors: Willey Joshua Z. , Moon Yeseon P. , Dhamoon Mandip S. , Kulick Erin R. , Bagci Ahmet , Alperin Noam , Cheung Ying Kuen , Wright Clinton B. , Sacco Ralph L. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> White matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV) and subclinical brain infarcts (SBI) are associated with impaired mobility, but less is known about the association of WMHV in specific brain regions. We hypothesized that anterior WMHV would be associated with lower scores on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), a well-validated mobility scale. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The SPPB was measured a median of 5 years after enrollment into the Northern Manhattan MRI sub study. Volumetric distributions for WMHV in 14 brain regions as a proportion of total cranial volume were determined. Multi-variable linear regression was performed to examine the association of SBI and regional log-WMHV with the SPPB score. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 668 participants with SPPB measurements (mean 74 ± 9 years, 37% male and 70% Hispanic), the mean SPPB score was 8.2 ± 2.9. Total (beta = –0.3 per SD, <i>p</i> = 0.001), anterior periventricular (beta = –0.4 per SD, <i>p</i> = 0.001), parietal (beta = –0.2 per SD, <i>p</i> = 0.02) and frontal (beta = –0.3 per SD, <i>p</i> = 0.002) WMHVs were associated with SPPB; other WMHV and SBI were not associated with the SPPB. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> WMHV, especially in the anterior ­cerebral regions, is associated with a lower SPPB. Prevention of subclinical cerebrovascular disease is a potential target to prevent physical decline in the elderly.
Cross-Sectional Associations Between Cardiac Biomarkers, Cognitive Performance, and Structural Brain Changes Are Modified by Age
Authors: Veugen Marja G.J. , Henry Ronald M.A. , Brunner-La Rocca Hans-Peter , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Schram Miranda T. , van Agtmaal Marnix J.M. , van der Kallen Carla J.H. , Sep Simone J.S. , van Boxtel Martin P.J. , Bekers Otto , Meex Steven J.R. , Jansen Jacobus F.A. , Kroon Abraham A. , Stehouwer Coen D.A. 
Published: June 2018

Objective—
NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) and cardiac troponin T (cTNT) are associated with cognitive performance. Whether this extends to individuals <60 years of age is unclear. We investigated whether age modified the associations between NT-proBNP and cTNT and cognitive performance and structural brain changes.

Approach and Results—

In 3011 individuals (60±8 years; 49% women), NT-proBNP and cTNT, memory, information processing speed and executive functioning, grey matter (GM) and white matter, and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes were determined. We used regression, adjusted for educational level, cardiovascular factors, and lifestyle factors, to test whether cross-sectional associations between biomarkers and cognitive performance and structural brain changes were modified by age (<60 versus ≥60 years). ≥60 years, higher NT-proBNP was associated with lower memory (β [SD] per 10-fold higher level [95% confidence interval (CI)], −0.11 [−0.22 to −0.00]), information processing speed (−0.12 [95% CI, −0.21 to −0.03]), executive functioning (−0.12 [95% CI, −0.22 to −0.03]), and smaller GM (β [mL] per 10-fold higher level, −6.89 [95% CI, −11.58 to −2.20]). Additionally, higher cTNT was associated with lower memory (−0.33 [95% CI, −0.53 to −0.12]) and information processing speed (−0.17 [95% CI, −0.3 to −0.01]); with smaller GM (−16.07 [95% CI, −24.90 to −7.24]) and greater WMH (10
β
WMH per 10-fold higher level, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.10–0.52]). <60 years, NT-proBNP and cTNT were not associated with cognitive performance (
P
interaction
, <0.10). In contrast, higher NT-proBNP was associated with smaller GM (−7.43 [95% CI, −11.70 to −3.16]) and greater WMH (0.13 [95% CI, 0.01–0.25];
P
interaction
,>0.10). Higher cTNT was associated with greater WMH (0.18 [95% CI, −0.01 to 0.37];
P
interaction
,>0.10) but not with GM (0.07 [95% CI, −6.87 to 7.02];
P
interaction
, <0.10).

Conclusions—
Biomarkers of cardiac injury are continuously associated with structural brain changes in both older and younger individuals but with poorer cognitive performance only in older individuals. These findings stress the continuous nature of the heart-brain axis in the development of cognitive impairment.
An Inquiry into the Formation of Readership in Early China: Using and Producing the *Yong yue 用曰 and Yinshu 引書 Manuscripts
Authors: Krijgsman Rens 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The material features of the Shanghai Museum *Yong yue 用曰 and Zhangjiashan Yinshu 引書 manuscripts structure their texts in ways different from each other, inviting questions on production methods and the influence of form on the reception of content. I provide an overview of developments in manuscript formatting, noting a gradual development towards increased visual formatting in manuscripts over time. The article examines what the use of codicological features such as manuscript materiality, layout, and punctuation reveal about manuscript production and how these translate to the reception and understanding of text. It analyzes how such features in the two manuscripts contribute to a sense of textual unity, order their respective contents, and facilitate different modes of reading such as vocalization, memorization, browsing, and linear reading. I propose that developments in manuscript formatting increasingly facilitated visually clearer, context-independent, and text-centered modes of reading, allowing for a dynamic involvement of readers with the modes of engagement structurally favored by the manuscripts. This, in turn, possibly reveals broader shifts towards the formation of readership in Early China.
Assessment of Alaska Rain-on-Snow Events Using Dynamical Downscaling
Authors: Bieniek Peter A. , Bhatt Uma S. , Walsh John E. , Lader Rick , Griffith Brad , Roach Jennifer K. , Thoman Richard L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ice formed by cold-season rainfall or rain on snow (ROS) has striking impacts on the economy and ecology of Alaska. An understanding of the atmospheric drivers of ROS events is required to better predict them and plan for environmental change. The spatially/temporally sparse network of stations in Alaska makes studying such events challenging, and gridded reanalysis or remote sensing products are necessary to fill the gaps. Recently developed dynamically downscaled climate data provide a new suite of high-resolution variables for investigating historical and projected ROS events across all of Alaska from 1979 to 2100. The dynamically downscaled reanalysis data of ERA-Interim replicated the seasonal patterns of ROS events but tended to produce more rain events than in station observations. However, dynamical downscaling reduced the bias toward more rain events in the coarse reanalysis. ROS occurred most frequently over southwestern and southern coastal regions. Extreme events with the heaviest rainfall generally coincided with anomalous high pressure centered to the south/southeast of the locations receiving the event and warm-air advection from the resulting southwesterly wind flow. ROS events were projected to increase in frequency overall and for extremes across most of the region but were expected to decline over southwestern/southern Alaska. Increases in frequency were projected as a result of more frequent winter rainfall, but the number of ROS events may ultimately decline in some areas as a result of temperatures rising above the freezing threshold. These projected changes in ROS can significantly affect wildlife, vegetation, and human activities across the Alaska landscape.
Cloud-Spacing Effects upon Entrainment and Rainfall along a Convective Line
Authors: Moser Daniel H. , Lasher-Trapp Sonia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCumulus clouds modify their immediate surroundings by detraining their warm, humid updrafts. When clouds are closely spaced, this conditioning of the local environment may alter the properties of the air entrained by neighboring clouds and slow their dilution. This effect has not been quantified, nor has its importance been determined for influencing the amount of convective rainfall from a system of neighboring clouds. Here, a series of idealized numerical simulations, which are based on an observed line of precipitating cumulus congestus clouds, is performed using increasingly smaller cloud spacing to investigate how cloud proximity may alter entrainment, cloud development, and convective rainfall. For clouds of radius R, which is approximately 1 km in these simulations, distances between updraft centers from 4R through 9R are tested. Over this range, the initial clouds all exhibit negligible differences in the directly calculated entrainment rates and in the thermodynamic characteristics of the entrained air. Instead, for cloud separation distances of less than 6R, the subcloud inflow is increasingly disturbed, limiting initial cloud depths and slowing updraft speeds and precipitation onset. Ultimately, however, these same cases produce a new generation of clouds that are stronger and produce more rainfall than for all other cases. The smaller cloud separation distance allows precipitation outflows from the initial clouds to meet and force new, stronger cloud updrafts. For this second generation of clouds, their entrained air is slightly more humid, but the stronger updrafts and ingestion of residual ice and precipitation from earlier clouds appear to be most important for enhancing their rainfall.
External Nasal Valve Repair in Children: Alar Batten Graft Reinforced by External Temporary Suspensory Suture
Authors: Elsayed Ahmed Ibrahim , Fouad Yasser Ahmed , El Malt Ashraf , Sweed Ahmed Hassan 
Published: June 2018

Background: The nasal valve area is the narrowest point in the nasal airway. External nasal valve (ENV) collapse during inspiration occurs if external valve area is too narrow or its lateral component is too floppy. Patients and Method: Twelve patients (7 males, 5 females) aged 8 to 12 years complaining of nasal obstruction due to ENV dysfunction underwent surgical intervention using alar batten graft assisted by temporary external suspensory suture. Results: All patients showed subjective and objective improvement of the nasal airway. The mean Nasal Obstructive Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) was 14 ± 1.71 before surgery and 7.83 ± 1.47 1 year after surgery (significant improvement, p ≤ .0001). The mean Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate was 29.92 ± 4.46 before surgery and 42.58 ± 4.93 1 year after surgery (significant improvement, P ≤ .0001). Conclusion: External nasal valve collapse in children can be managed surgically by using alar batten graft. Temporary suspension suture can be helpful for supporting of the graft until complete healing occurs.
Can bone-regulating hormones and nutrients help characterize the metabolically healthy obese phenotype
Authors: Sukumar Deeptha , Becker Kendra B , Cheung May , Diamond Samantha , Duszak Rittane , Aljahdali Abeer , Volpe Stella L , Nasser Jennifer A 
Published: June 2018

Background: Bone-regulating hormones and nutrients play an important role in influencing metabolic health. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether bone-regulating hormones and nutrients, such as parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), and magnesium (Mg) could be used to characterize the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype. Methods: This study included 27 overweight or obese participants (14 men/13 women) classified as MHO ( n = 14) or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) ( n = 13) based on the presence or absence of metabolic abnormalities, determined by percentage body fat, percentage trunk fat, and waist circumference. Biochemical (serum concentrations of hormones and cytokines such as PTH, 25OHD, ionized Mg (iMg), cytokines, lipids, glycemic indices), physiological (percentage body fat, percentage trunk fat, blood pressure (BP)), and dietary intake (Mg intake, calcium intake) measurements were obtained. Results: Serum PTH concentrations were significantly lower ( p = 0.005) in the MHO group (39.68 ± 11.06 pg/mL) compared with the MUO group (63.78 ± 25.82 pg/mL). Serum iMg concentrations were higher ( p = 0.052) in the MHO group (0.565 ± 0.41 mmol/L) than in the MUO group (0.528 ± 0.050 mmol/L). Serum concentrations of osteocalcin were also higher (10.37 ± 3.70 ng/mL) in the MHO compared with the MUO (6.51 ± 4.14 ng/mL) group ( p = 0.017). The MHO group had significantly lower serum insulin concentrations ( p = 0.006) and diastolic BP ( p = 0.035). Concentrations of serum 25OHD, total triglycerides, C-reactive protein and systolic BP did not differ between groups. Conclusions: These findings suggest that bone-regulating hormones and nutrients, especially serum PTH, osteocalcin concentrations, and dietary Mg intakes, can help to characterize the MHO phenotype.
Changes in Th1/Th2-producing cytokines during acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wei Bing , Sheng Li Chun 
Published: June 2018

Objective This study aimed to explore cytokine serum levels and the ratio of type 1 T helper (Th1)/Th2 cells in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods A total 245 patients diagnosed with AECOPD and 193 patients who progressed to stable COPD after the initiation of treatment in hospital were selected, while a further 50 healthy individuals served as controls. All patients with COPD were diagnosed using Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and immunoglobulin (Ig)E were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results AECOPD patients had higher levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and IgE than those with stable COPD or controls. Intriguingly, the ratios of Th1/Th2 and IL-17/IgE were lower in AECOPD patients compared with the other two groups. These data suggest that AECOPD patients produce more IgE and have more differentiated Th2 cells than other groups. Conclusion Our findings suggest that an imbalance of circulating CD4+ T cell subsets correlates with AECOPD, and that a shift of Th1/Th2 and IL-17/IgE ratios may be caused by increased Th2 cell production.
Contemporary best practice in the management of malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Koegelenberg Coenraad F.N. , Shaw Jane A. , Irusen Elvis M. , Lee Y. C. Gary 
Published: June 2018

Malignant pleural effusion (MPE) affects more than 1 million people globally. There is a dearth of evidence on the therapeutic approach to MPE, and not surprisingly a high degree of variability in the management thereof. We aimed to provide practicing clinicians with an overview of the current evidence on the management of MPE, preferentially focusing on studies that report patient-related outcomes rather than pleurodesis alone, and to provide guidance on how to approach individual cases. A pleural intervention for MPE will perforce be palliative in nature. A therapeutic thoracentesis provides immediate relief for most. It can be repeated, especially in patients with a slow rate of recurrence and a short anticipated survival. Definitive interventions, individualized according the patient’s wishes, performance status, prognosis and other considerations (including the ability of the lung to expand) should be offered to the remainder of patients. Chemical pleurodesis (achieved via intercostal drain or pleuroscopy) and indwelling pleural catheter (IPC) have equal impact on patient-based outcomes, although patients treated with IPC spend less time in hospital and have less need for repeat pleural drainage interventions. Talc slurry via IPC is an attractive recently validated option for patients who do not have a nonexpandable lung.
Exposure-adjusted adverse events comparing blinatumomab with chemotherapy in advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Stein Anthony S. , Larson Richard A. , Schuh Andre C. , Stevenson William , Lech-Maranda Ewa , Tran Qui , Zimmerman Zachary , Kormany William , Topp Max S. 
Published: June 2018

Key PointsIn the phase 3 TOWER study, exposure-adjusted AE rates were lower for blinatumomab vs SOC chemotherapy in Ph− B-cell r/r ALL patients. These data further support the role of blinatumomab as an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option for B-cell r/r ALL patients.
Reliability and high availability in cloud computing environments: a reference roadmap
Authors: Mesbahi Mohammad Reza , Rahmani Amir Masoud , Hosseinzadeh Mehdi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReliability and high availability have always been a major concern in distributed systems. Providing highly available and reliable services in cloud computing is essential for maintaining customer confidence and satisfaction and preventing revenue losses. Although various solutions have been proposed for cloud availability and reliability, but there are no comprehensive studies that completely cover all different aspects in the problem. This paper presented a ‘Reference Roadmap’ of reliability and high availability in cloud computing environments. A big picture was proposed which was divided into four steps specifying through four pivotal questions starting with ‘Where?’, ‘Which?’, ‘When?’ and ‘How?’ keywords. The desirable result of having a highly available and reliable cloud system could be gained by answering these questions. Each step of this reference roadmap proposed a specific concern of a special portion of the issue. Two main research gaps were proposed by this reference roadmap.
Small-Sided Soccer in School Reduces Postprandial Lipemia in Adolescent Boys
Authors: SMALLCOMBE JAMES W. , BARRETT LAURA A. , MORRIS JOHN G. , SHERAR LAUREN B. , TOLFREY KEITH 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Although laboratory-based moderate- to high-intensity exercise reduces postprandial lipemia in adolescents, this exercise differs to the free-living physical activities in which young people typically engage. This study compared the effect of free-living afterschool soccer activity and treadmill exercise on in-school postprandial lipemia in adolescent boys.

Methods
Fifteen boys (12.6 ± 0.5 yr) completed three, 2-d experimental trials. On day 1, participants rested (CON), exercised for 48 min on a treadmill at 60% V˙O2peak (TM), or played 48 min of 5-a-side soccer (SOC). On day 2, participants attended school where a capillary blood sample determined fasting triacylglycerol ([TAG]) and glucose ([glucose]) concentrations. Participants then consumed a standardized breakfast (0 h) and lunch (4.5 h), and blood samples were collected postprandially at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.0 h.

Results
Reductions in fasting [TAG] were small-moderate after TM (−16%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −27% to −2%, effect size [ES] = 0.46), but large after SOC (−30%, 95% CI = −40% to −20%, ES = 1.00) compared with CON; the concentration was also lower in SOC compared with TM (−18%, 95% CI = −29% to −5%, ES = 0.53). On the basis of ratios of geometric means, the area under the TAG versus time curve was 18% lower after TM (95% CI = −29% to −5%, ES = 0.51) and 25% lower after SOC (95% CI = −35% to −13%, ES = 0.76) compared with CON. By contrast, SOC and TM were not significantly different (−9%, 95% CI = −21% to 5%, ES = 0.25).

Conclusion
Compared with duration-matched inactivity (CON), after-school small-sided soccer (SOC) and treadmill exercise (TM) resulted in a similar, moderate reduction of postprandial lipemia in adolescent boys.
Mental Health Conditions and Unplanned Hospital Readmissions in Children
Authors: Doupnik Stephanie K. , Lawlor John , Zima Bonnie T. , Coker Tumaini R. , Bardach Naomi S. , Rehm Kris P. , Gay James C. , Hall Matt , Berry Jay G. 
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVEMental health conditions (MHCs) are prevalent among hospitalized children and could influence the success of hospital discharge. We assessed the relationship between MHCs and 30‐day readmissions.METHODSThis retrospective, cross‐sectional study of the 2013 Nationwide Readmissions Database included 512,997 hospitalizations of patients ages 3 to 21 years for the 10 medical and 10 procedure conditions with the highest number of 30‐day readmissions. MHCs were identified by using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision‐Clinical Modification codes. We derived logistic regression models to measure the associations between MHC and 30‐day, all‐cause, unplanned readmissions, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics.RESULTSAn MHC was present in 17.5% of medical and 13.1% of procedure index hospitalizations. Readmission rates were 17.0% and 6.2% for medical and procedure hospitalizations, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, compared with hospitalizations with no MHC, hospitalizations with MHCs had higher odds of readmission for medical admissions (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19‐1.26] and procedure admissions (AOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.15‐1.33). Three types of MHCs were associated with higher odds of readmission for both medical and procedure hospitalizations: depression (medical AOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.49‐1.66; procedure AOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.17‐1.65), substance abuse (medical AOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.18‐1.30; procedure AOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11‐1.43), and multiple MHCs (medical AOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.37‐1.50; procedure AOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11‐1.44).CONCLUSIONSMHCs are associated with a higher likelihood of hospital readmission in children admitted for medical conditions and procedures. Understanding the influence of MHCs on readmissions could guide strategic planning to reduce unplanned readmissions for children with cooccurring physical and mental health conditions.