bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Lifestyle Modification on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Health-Care Employees With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Das Sankalp , Rouseff Maribeth , Guzman Henry E. , Osondu Chukwuemeka U. , Brown Doris , Betancourt Brian , Ochoa Teresa , Mora Joseph , Lehn Virginia , Sherriff Shoshana B. , Rubens Muni B. , Saxena Anshul , Nasir Khurram , Veledar Emir 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: Diabetes imposes a significant economic burden on employers, particularly when including productivity costs. Given the great interest on multicomponent lifestyle interventions in these individuals, we assessed the short-term and long-term efficacy of a structured lifestyle modification program, My Unlimited Potential, among employees with diabetes of Baptist Health South Florida (BHSF), a large non-for profit health-care system. Design: This is a pre- and post-effectiveness of a workplace health promotion program. Setting: Worksite intervention at BHSF. Participants: The study analyzed the data of 93 employees with diabetes involved in a worksite wellness program after completion of a year long program. Intervention: The intervention was an intense lifestyle modification program that was targeted to the individual needs of the participants. Measures: Cardimetabolic risk factors such as body mass index (BMI), weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and maximal oxygen consumption. Analysis: Paired 2-sample t tests for means and descriptive statistics were used. Results: A mean decrease of 0.6 percentage points was observed in HbA1c values from baseline to 12 months. Weight, BMI, blood pressure, and lipid profile improved significantly after 12 months. Conclusion: This study suggests worksites with existing health promotion programs, and health-care staff can effectively deliver a diabetes prevention program that appears to have a long-term impact on employee health.
Evaluation of the national cervical cancer screening program in Morocco: achievements and challenges
Authors: Selmouni Farida , Belakhel Latifa , Sauvaget Catherine , Abousselham Loubna , Lucas Eric , Muwonge Richard , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Khazraji Youssef Chami , Basu Partha 
Published: January 2019

Objectives To report the key outcomes of evaluation of the national cervical cancer screening program in Morocco, and describe its organization, status of implementation, performance, and major challenges. Methods An evaluation team conducted program manager interviews and screening provider focus group discussions, supervisory visits to primary health and diagnostic centers, and review of published documents. Aggregated performance data collected by the Ministry of Health from the screening and diagnostic centers were analyzed. Results Screening is conducted using visual inspection with acetic acid. The program is opportunistic, with no mechanism to identify and invite eligible women. Coverage of the target population was very low (6.6% in 2015 and 7.7% in 2016). Positivity rates were 5.3% and 8.9% in 2015 and 2016 respectively, and varied widely between regions. Detection rate of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse in 2016 was very low (0.9/1,000), with more invasive cancers detected than CIN 2/3. Lack of histopathology and treatment facilities at the Cancer Early Detection Centers is a major short-coming, and there is a need for service-provider refresher training. Without a computerized health information system tracking screen positive women, ensuring high treatment compliance and performing regular quality assurance are challenging. Conclusions The screening program in Morocco requires better organization, a pragmatic system of inviting the target population, improved compliance to diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, improved provider training, better quality assurance systems, and an effective health information system with appropriate linkages for monitoring and evaluation.
Topical oral 1-tetradecanol complex in the treatment of periodontal diseases in cats
Authors: Lopes Kubitza Fernanda Maria , Anthony James Mudie George 
Published: January 2019

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the treatment of chronic periodontal disease with an oral application of tetradecanol complex (1-TDC) in cats. Methods The test group (n = 9) received 1-TDC (525 mg per gel capsule/day) and the placebo group (n = 4) received olive oil (0.25 ml per gel capsule/day) for 6 weeks. Results Oral treatment with 1-TDC resulted in significant reductions in all parameters of clinical periodontal disease except tooth mobility at 6 weeks. The 1-TDC group exhibited a statistically significant reduction in pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, gingival index and bleeding on probing after treatment at 6 weeks, whereas the placebo group did not show any significant change. Conclusions and relevance Chronic inflammation associated with periodontal diseases leads to periodontal tissue destruction. As a result, modulation of the host response has been included in the treatment protocol for periodontal diseases. Fatty acids present anti-inflammatory properties and are being investigated for use in the treatment and prevention of progressive periodontal diseases.
Effective interventions for depressive symptoms among caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Mijung , Ryoo Ji Hoon , Chung Mihee , Anderson Joel G , Rose Karen , Williams Ishan C 
Published: January 2019

Background Caring for a family member with dementia puts caregivers at risk for depressive symptoms. Yet, interventions with promising effects on caregiver depressive symptoms are not well documented. Aims This review aimed to examine the quality and effectiveness of interventions to reduce depressive symptoms reported by caregivers of people with dementia. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis of nonpharmacological intervention trials was conducted. Methods The electronic databases searched included MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO to find randomized controlled trials published between 2007 and 2017. A total of 31 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Results Cognitive-behavioral therapy (838 participants) showed a large, significant effect (standardized mean difference = −0.905; 95% CI = (−1.622, −0.187); p = 0.013) and mindfulness interventions (186 participants) showed moderate, significant effects (standardized mean difference = −0.578; 95% CI = (−0.881, −0.275); p < 0.001) on decreasing caregiver depressive symptoms, while psychoeducational interventions demonstrated small but significant effects (standardized mean difference = −0.244; 95% CI = (−0.395, −0.092); p = 0.002). Emotional support, cognitive rehabilitation, and multicomponent interventions showed less than small or nonsignificant effects related to depressive symptoms among caregivers. Conclusion Cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions, which focus on diminishing negative thoughts and increasing positive activities, can effectively decrease depressive symptoms for caregivers of individuals with dementia. Future research is recommended to assess the long-term effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in this population.
Combination Lenalidomide and Azacitidine: A Novel Salvage Therapy in Patients Who Relapse After Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Craddock Charles , Slade Daniel , De Santo Carmela , Wheat Rachel , Ferguson Paul , Hodgkinson Andrea , Brock Kristian , Cavenagh Jamie , Ingram Wendy , Dennis Mike , Malladi Ram , Siddique Shamyla , Mussai Francis , Yap Christina 
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE Salvage options for patients who relapse after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (allo-SCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplasia (MDS) remain limited, and novel treatment strategies are required. Both lenalidomide (LEN) and azacitidine (AZA) possess significant antitumor activity effect in AML. Administration of LEN post-transplantation is associated with excessive rates of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but AZA has been shown to ameliorate GVHD in murine transplantation models. We therefore examined the tolerability and activity of combined LEN/AZA administration in post-transplantation relapse. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-nine patients who had relapsed after allo-SCT for AML (n = 24) or MDS (n = 5) were treated with sequential AZA (75 mg/m2 for 7 days) followed by escalating doses of LEN on days 10 to 30. Dose allocation and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) estimation were guided by a modified Bayesian continuous reassessment method (CRM). RESULTS Sequential AZA and LEN therapy was well tolerated. The MTD of post-transplantation LEN, in combination with AZA, was determined as 25 mg daily. Three patients developed grade 2 to 4 GVHD. There was no GVHD-related mortality. Seven of 15 (47%) patients achieved a major clinical response after LEN/AZA therapy. CD8+ T cells demonstrated impaired interferon-γ/tumor necrosis factor–α production at relapse, which was not reversed during LEN/AZA administration. CONCLUSION We conclude LEN can be administered safely post-allograft in conjunction with AZA, and this combination demonstrates clinical activity in relapsed AML/MDS without reversing biologic features of T-cell exhaustion. The use of a CRM model delivered improved efficiency in MTD assessment and provided additional flexibility. Combined LEN/AZA therapy represents a novel and active salvage therapy in patients who had relapsed post-allograft.
Soil chemical properties influence abundance of nematode trophic groups and Ralstonia solanacearum in high tunnel tomato production
Authors: Ngeno Daisy Chepkoech , Murungi Lucy Kananu , Fundi Davis Ireri , Wekesa Vitalis , Haukeland Solveig , Mbaka Jesca 
Published: January 2019

Background: Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) and bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) are serious soil-borne pests in tomato (Solanum lycopersiconL) production in high tunnels. This study was undertaken to determine effects of soil chemical properties on their abundance.Method: Soil samples were collected from 32 high tunnels in the sub-counties: Gatundu North, Gatundu South, Juja, Thika, Ruiru and Kiambu, Kenya, from January to November 2016. Nematodes genera,R. solanacearumand soil chemical properties were evaluated from composite soil samples collected from the high tunnels.Results: The soil pH and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na and Cu varied across sub-counties. Twenty-four nematode genera including 14 PPNs, 5 bacterivores, 3 fungivores and 2 predators were recovered from soil samples. The generaMeloidogyne,Alaimus,AporcelaimusandMononchuswere the most abundant PPNs, bacterivores, fungivores and predators, respectively, and differed across sub-counties. The abundance ofMeloidogynespp. andR. solanacearumwas higher in Gatundu North than in the other sub-counties. There was a strong, positive correlation betweenMeloidogynespp. (second stage juveniles counts) population andR. solanacearum(cfu∙mL-1) with soil N and P, and a weak negative correlation with soil pH, EC, Zn and Cu. Fungal feeders exhibited a strong negative correlation with soil pH and Ca; predators, bacterial feeders, and PPNs had similar correlations with N, P and Ca, respectively.Conclusion: Soil chemical properties affect abundance of beneficial and phytoparasitic nematodes andR. solanacearum, which varies with location.
Visualizing data: Trends in smoking tobacco prices and taxes in India
Authors: Guindon G. Emmanuel , Fatima Tooba , Li David X. , Joukova Alexandra , Sudhir Jitender , Mishra Sujata , Chaloupka Frank J. , Jha Prabhat 
Published: January 2019

Background: Tobacco smoking remains a leading risk factor for disease burden globally. In India alone, about 1 million deaths are caused annually by smoking. Although increasing tobacco prices has consistently been found to be the most effective intervention to reduce tobacco use, the documentation of prices and taxes across time and space has not been an essential component of tobacco control surveillance in most jurisdictions. This study aimed to examine, using graphical methods, trends in smoking tobacco taxes and prices in India at national and state-level. Methods: We used retail prices, price indices, and unit values (household expenditures on a commodity divided by the quantity purchased) collected and reported by government agencies. For bidis and cigarettes, we examined current and real (inflation-adjusted) prices, affordability (cost in terms of income), and key tax changes at both national and state-level. Results: We show that real prices of bidis and cigarettes were relatively flat (even decreasing in the case of bidis) between 2000 and 2007, and clearly increasing from 2010. When rising income is taken into account, however, both cigarettes and bidis have become more affordable since 2000. We found that some but not all tax changes were accompanied by price changes and in particular, that tax decreases did not result in price decreases. Conclusion: It is feasible to evaluate tax and price policies at national and regional level using routinely collected data.
“Giving something back”: A systematic review and ethical enquiry into public views on the use of patient data for research in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Stockdale Jessica , Cassell Jackie , Ford Elizabeth 
Published: January 2019

Background: Use of patients’ medical data for secondary purposes such as health research, audit, and service planning is well established in the UK. However, the governance environment, as well as public understanding about this work, have lagged behind. We aimed to systematically review the literature on UK and Irish public views of patient data used in research, critically analysing such views though an established biomedical ethics framework, to draw out potential strategies for future good practice guidance and inform ethical and privacy debates.Methods: We searched three databases using terms such as patient, public, opinion, and electronic health records. Empirical studies were eligible for inclusion if they surveyed healthcare users, patients or the public in UK and Ireland and examined attitudes, opinions or beliefs about the use of patient data for medical research. Results were synthesised into broad themes using a framework analysis.Results: Out of 13,492 papers and reports screened, 20 papers or reports were eligible. While there was a widespread willingness to share patient data for research for the common good, this very rarely led to unqualified support. The public expressed two generalised concerns about the potential risks to their privacy. The first of these concerns related to a party’s competence in keeping data secure, while the second was associated with the motivation a party might have to use the data.Conclusions: The public evaluates trustworthiness of research organisations by assessing their competence in data-handling and motivation for accessing the data. Public attitudes around data-sharing exemplified several principles which are also widely accepted in biomedical ethics. This provides a framework for understanding public attitudes, which should be considered in the development in any guidance for regulators and data custodians. We propose four salient questions which decision makers should address when evaluating proposals for the secondary use of data
Who Loses When a Team Wins? Better Performance Increases Racial Bias
Authors: Zhang Letian 
Published: January 2019

Although it is well known that team performance influences strategic decision making, little is known about its impact on ascriptive inequality. This study proposes a performance effect on racial bias: higher team performance reduces managers’ performance pressure and therefore, leads to more managerial bias in the subsequent decisions. I find strong evidence for this proposition using a fine-grained data set from the National Basketball Association. In this highly competitive industry, team performance is positively associated with coaches’ subsequent exercise of racial bias: players experience more favorable treatment from same-race coaches after their teams win games. This study shows an important relationship between performance feedback and racial bias and suggests that, even in highly competitive industries, managerial bias may persist in high-performing teams and organizations. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1232 .
Complication of Early Banana Feeding in Neonates
Authors: Halimun E. M. , Sunyoto Joko , Hutomo S. K. , H. Oen L. , Yuwono V. 
Published: January 2019

Early introduction of banana in newborn babies is still practiced by many mothers from different areas throughout the country and gastric perforation due to phytobezoars are sttll a problem tn the country.
During the years 1984 through 1991 at the Children and Maternity Hospital Harapan Kita jakarta, fifteen neonates were treated for gastric perforation among which 6 were due to banana bezoar, 6 were due to deject of the gastric muscle, 2 were due to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and 1 was due to iatrogenic duodenal obstruction.
Pathogenesis of gastric perforation due to phytobezoar and the macroscopic and histopathological appearance of the perforation and its differences with perforations due to other causes were discussed.
Administrators’ unintentional sensegiving and system reform outcomes
Authors: Wong Lok-Sze 
Published: January 2019

One popular diagnosis for the problem of inequitable educational opportunities is the need for schools and schooling systems to undergo systemic change. While research shows that leadership support is essential for implementing system reforms, critical questions remain about how leaders help shift other’s understandings and practices. Employing the theory of sensegiving, this longitudinal, multiple-case study examines how administrators help teachers and other administrators make sense of a system reform during the first two years of implementation. I found that administrator’s unintentional sensegiving complicated others’ understandings of the new system reform, which complicated implementation. Based on these findings, I introduce the concept of unintentional sensegiving to theorize how leaders can give sense in ways they do not intend, yet have large impacts on how others understand and respond to a reform. Before championing a system reform, leaders deserve opportunities to (a) become familiar with the details of that reform and system reforms in general; (b) carefully study their existing systems, including their local contexts, and consider what dynamics might be created when they implement the new reform; (c) explore how their existing systems could shift to match the design of the system reform; and (d) practice drawing on their wells of knowledge to help others shift their understandings about their practice.
Reactions of fission products from a 252Cf source with NO and mixtures of NO and CO in an inert gas
Authors: Gäggeler Heinz W. , Usoltsev Ilya , Eichler Robert 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Fission products recoiling from a 252Cf spontaneous fission source were stopped in various mixtures of inert gases containing CO and NO. For the elements of the transisition metal series Mo, Tc, Ru, and Rh previous observations of pure carbonyl complexes were reproduced. However, no formation of volatile mixed nitrosyl-carbonyl complexes or pure nitrosyl complexes for these elements have been observed. Instead, efficient production of volatile nitrosyl compounds for single iodine atoms, presumably nitrosyl iodide, NOI, was detected. This observation is of interest as potential transport path for iodine in nuclear accident scenarios and as a model for radiochemistry with the recently discovered heaviest halogen tennessine (Z=117).
How Threatening are Local Sceptical Scenarios?
Authors: Schönbaumsfeld Genia 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper I distinguish between ‘local’ and ‘global’ forms of ‘envatment’. I show that recent envatment arguments (the ‘local’ variety) work similarly to arguments from perceptual illusion and that neither of them are able, by themselves, to get us ‘global’ scepticism. Consequently, motivating the radical sceptical idea that all of our perceptual beliefs might be false is harder than it looks.
The High Precision of Functional and Neuromuscular Measures to Classify Sarcopenia in Older Women
Authors: Miller Ryan M. , Freitas Eduardo D. S. , Heishman Aaron D. , Stone Brandon L. , Bemben Michael G. 
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose:
Previous literature suggests that reductions in appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) may have a greater detrimental effect than total lean body mass regarding the onset and progression of sarcopenia. Unfortunately, limited access to equipment that accurately determines ASM often leads to many individuals remaining undiagnosed and experiencing functional decline. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to determine the ability of functional and neuromuscular measures to identify ASM in older women.

Methods:
Forty-one (sarcopenic n = 15) older women underwent body composition analysis via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and performed the following measures: bench press (BP) 1-repetition maximum strength (1RM), vertical jump height and power, handgrip strength, Timed Up and Go test, Berg Balance Scale testing, and bench press power testing at 20%, 40%, and 60% 1RM.

Results and Discussion:
Regression analyses revealed 3 significant models accounting for 93.8%, 91.1%, and 86.4% of the variance in DXA-derived ASM. Paired-samples t tests revealed no significant differences between model-derived and DXA-derived ASM for each model, and each model was significantly correlated to DXA-derived ASM (P < .001). In addition, each model revealed a strong ability to appropriately classify sarcopenia status, with the area under the curve values ranging from 0.86 to 0.93. The present data indicate that ASM can be determined with high precision by measuring outcome variables such as jump power, body weight, and grip strength in older women.

Conclusions:
Therefore, the present models could be used to identify, screen, or classify older women as sarcopenic, ultimately allowing the implementation of interventions aimed at decreasing the difficulty of activities of daily living and increasing quality of life.