bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease burden in offspring is associated with changing paternal demographics in the United States
Authors: Greenberg D. R. , Khandwala Y. S. , Lu Y. , Stevenson D. K. , Shaw G. M. , Eisenberg M. L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAverage paternal age in the United States has increased substantially in the last few decades. Children of advanced age fathers have a higher incidence of early onset cancer and neuropsychiatric disease.ObjectivesTo quantify the number of population adjusted cases of early‐onset cancer and neuropsychiatric disease in children attributable to increasing paternal age in the United States.MethodsPaternal age in the United States from 1972 to 2015 was collected using the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). Population attributable fraction and paternal age‐specific cumulative incidence rates of several cancers and neuropsychiatric disorders were obtained from peer‐reviewed publications. Paternal age‐specific birth rates were correlated with paternal age‐specific cumulative incidence rates to determine the number of attributable cases of disease caused by advancing age of fathers in the United States.ResultsThe 2015 birth cohort in the United States is estimated to expect 9.2% more cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnosed before 16 years of age (157 additional cases), 13.2% more cases of embryonal tumors in children <5 years of age (209 additional cases), and 13.0% more cases of breast cancer in females younger than 40 years old (424 additional cases) compared to the 1972 birth cohort. We can estimate to expect 10.5% more cases of schizophrenia diagnosed before 21 years of age (2864 additional cases), 6.3% more cases of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adolescents <17 years of age (2934 additional cases), 4.5% more cases of anorexia nervosa (AN) in females 8–30 years old (620 additional cases), and 9.2% more cases of bipolar disorder in young patients 16–25 years old (252 additional cases) in the 2015 birth cohort compared to the 1972 birth cohort.ConclusionIncreasing paternal age in the United States is associated with a substantial increase in the number of cases of early‐onset cancer and neuropsychiatric disease in offspring.
Systemic predictors of adverse events in a national surgical mortality audit: analysis of peer‐review data from Australia and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality
Authors: Turner Richard C. , Simpson Jr Steve , Bhalerao Mrunmayee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeer review of surgical deaths can identify deficits in individual and systemic delivery of healthcare, ultimately informing quality improvement.MethodsFrom 2008 to 2016, cases reported to the Australia and New Zealand Audit of Surgical Mortality were analysed. Variables associated with peer‐judged adverse events were sought.ResultsOf 21 045 cases evaluated, 24.8% incurred at least one adverse event judgement. The proportion of cases with reported adverse event significantly decreased over time. Following adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics, significant negative patient‐related associations were advanced age, greater American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, and neurological and malignant comorbidities. Significant associations were also found with systemic or organizational factors, including state/territory, surgical specialty and hospital regionality.ConclusionExamination of this peer‐reviewed database revealed systemic or organizational predictors of adverse events that may have implications for quality improvement at an institutional or jurisdictional level. The extent to which these associations are due to the peer‐review process itself should be the focus of further research.
Assessment of hospital characteristics associated with improved mortality following complex upper gastrointestinal cancer surgery in Queensland
Authors: Narendra Aaditya , Baade Peter D. , Aitken Joanne F. , Fawcett Jonathan , Smithers Bernard M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh hospital‐volume and service capability are associated with improved mortality following complex cancer surgery. Using a population‐based study in Queensland, we assessed differences in mortality following oesophagectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy, comparing high‐ and low‐volume hospitals stratified by service capability.MethodsData on all patients undergoing oesophagectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy for cancer in Queensland between 2001 and 2015 were obtained from the Queensland Oncology Repository. Hospital service capability was defined using the 2015 Australian Institute of Health and Welfare hospital peer groupings. Hospitals were grouped into ‘high‐volume (≥6 oesophagectomies or pancreaticoduodenectomies annually) with high service capability'; ‘low‐volume (<6) with high service capability' and ‘low‐volume with low service capability'. Multivariate Poisson models were used to estimate differences in 30‐ and 90‐day mortality between hospital groups adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, Charlson and American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, stage and time‐period.ResultsFor oesophagectomy, adjusted 90‐day mortality was higher in low‐volume compared with high‐volume hospitals, regardless of service capability (low‐volume, high service: incident rate ratio (IRR) 3.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.74–8.57; low‐volume, low service: IRR 3.40, 95% CI 1.16–10.00). For pancreaticoduodenectomy, mortality was higher in low‐volume compared with high‐volume centres regardless of service capability: 30‐day mortality (low‐volume, high service: IRR 2.32, 95% CI 1.07–5.03; low‐volume, low service: IRR 3.92, 95% CI 1.45–10.61); 90‐day mortality (low‐volume, high service: IRR 2.36, 95% CI 1.29–4.30; low‐volume, low service: IRR 3.32, 95% CI 1.64–6.71).ConclusionHigh hospital resection volumes are associated with lower post‐operative mortality following oesophagectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy regardless of hospital service capability. This data supports centralization of these procedures to high‐volume centres.
Brief Report. A qualitative study of maternal mental health services in New Zealand: Perspectives of Māori and Pacific mothers and midwives
Authors: Holden Gabrielle , Corter Arden L. , Hatters‐Friedman Susan , Soosay Ian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesSuicide is the leading cause of maternal death in New Zealand particularly amongst Māori and Pacific. We explored current maternal mental health (MMH) screening practices and supports.MethodsQualitative research included interviews and focus groups with maternity carers and mothers of Māori and Pacific descent. Thematic analysis used a general inductive approach.ResultsBoth mothers and carers reported that MMH screening is ad hoc and discussed multilevel barriers that hamper screening and access to supports.ConclusionThere are gaps in MMH services, and service improvements need to be targeted at patient, provider, and systems levels.
Supporting the mental health of mothers of children with a disability: Health professional perceptions of need, role, and challenges
Authors: Gilson Kim‐Michelle , Johnson Shae , Davis Elise , Brunton Susan , Swift Elena , Reddihough Dinah , Williams Katrina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundMothers of children with a disability have a higher risk of mental health difficulties than mothers of typically developing children. Very little is known about how health professionals perceive their role in supporting mothers' mental health. We aimed to explore the perspectives of health professionals working with families of children with a disability about how they provide support for maternal mental health in their roles. Specifically, whether professionals consider it their role and responsibility to provide support, the types of actions that they engage in to do this, and the challenges that they experience.MethodsThis qualitative semi‐structured interview study included 13 health professionals (allied health professionals, general practitioners, and paediatricians) working with families of a child with a disability. Thematic analysis was conducted on transcribed interview data.ResultsFour overlapping themes were identified from the data indicating that professionals knew that mothers needed mental health support but were not always clear about their roles and responsibilities to support maternal mental health. Professionals also found it difficult to address maternal mental health difficulties, were not always aware of the best strategies to support maternal mental health, and faced difficulties that could be overcome with training and system improvements.ConclusionsAlthough all health professionals were aware of the frequent occurrence of maternal mental health difficulties and the importance of addressing them, several challenges were identified to managing them successfully. Providing health professionals with training in discussing mental health and clearer referral pathways would contribute to mothers being better supported, in addition to policy change that allows parental support in child health services.
Performance measures in inflammatory bowel disease surveillance colonoscopy: Implementing changes to practice improves performance
Authors: Smith Samuel C. L. , Cannatelli Rosanna , Bazarova Alina , Sharma Neel , McCulloch Adam , Mak Jason , Shivaji Uday N. , Iqbal Tariq , Kane Kate , Ghosh Subrata , Cooney Rachel , Iacucci Marietta 
Published: September 2019

Background and AimDye‐based chromoendoscopy (DCE) with targeted biopsies is recommended for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) surveillance. However, DCE has not yet been widely adopted into clinical practice. We evaluated quality indicators in IBD surveillance following introduction of structured changes in service delivery.MethodsIn August 2016, we introduced a number of changes to IBD surveillance practice in our endoscopy unit. These included training using interactive videos/images in a structured module, DCE as standard by using a foot‐pedal operated pump jet, allocation of 45‐minute procedure timeslots, targeted biopsies (except in high‐risk patients), scoring of endoscopic disease activity, and lesion detection/morphology characterization. All IBD surveillance colonoscopies were allocated to a small team of four DCE‐trained endoscopists. We compared quality measures for surveillance procedures carried out pre‐ and post‐August 2016. The two groups were compared using chi‐squared statisticsResultsA total of 598 IBD surveillance procedures (277 pre‐August 2016 and 321 post‐August 2016) were done and included in the study. Use of DCE increased (54.2% vs 76.0% P < 0.0005) whereas random biopsy surveillance decreased (12.3% vs 3.1% P < 0.0005). Use of Paris classification (26.1% vs 57.0% P < 0.0005) and Kudo pit pattern increased (21.7% vs 59.0% P < 0.0005). There was also an increase in lesion detection rate (24.9% vs 33.1% P < 0.05).ConclusionsImplementation of extensive changes in practice of surveillance colonoscopy resulted in significant improvement in quality indicators within a short period of time. Training, education and audit may continue to facilitate the adoption of DCE and further improve quality of performance in IBD surveillance.
Crack closure in friction stir weldment using non‐linear model for fatigue crack propagation
Authors: Lepore Marcello Antonio , Maligno Angelo Rosario , Berto Filippo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe fatigue crack propagation in a friction stir‐welded sample has been simulated herein by means of two 3‐dimensional finite element method (FEM)‐based analyses. Numerical simulations of the fatigue crack propagation have been carried out by assuming a residual stress field as a starting condition. Two initial cracks, observed in the real specimen, have been assessed experimentally by performing fatigue tests on the welded sample. Hence, the same cracks have been placed in the corresponding FE model, and then a remote load with boundary conditions has been applied on the welded specimen. The material behaviour of the welded joint has been modelled by means of the Ramberg‐Osgood equation, while the non‐linear Kujawski‐Ellyin (KE) model has been adopted for the fatigue crack propagation under small‐scale yielding (SSY) conditions. Owing to the compressive nature of the residual stress field that acts on a part of the cracked regions, the crack closure phenomenon has also been considered. Then, the original version of the KE law has been modified to fully include the closure effect in the analysis. Later, the crack closure effect has also been assessed in the simulation of fatigue propagation of three cracks. Finally, an investigation of the fracture process zone (FPZ) extension as well as the cyclic plastic zone (CPZ) and monotonic plastic zone (MPZ) extensions have been assessed.
Political connections and informed trading: Evidence from TARP
Authors: Akin Ozlem , Coleman Nicholas S. , Fons‐Rosen Christian , Peydró José‐Luis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe study insider trading behavior surrounding the largest bank bailout in history: Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP). In politically connected banks, insider buying during the pre‐TARP period is associated with increases in abnormal returns around bank‐specific TARP announcement; for unconnected banks, trading and returns are uncorrelated. Results hold across insiders within the same bank and are stronger for finance‐related government connections. Through a Freedom of Information Act request, we obtained the previously undisclosed TARP funds requested; the ratio of received to requested funds correlates both with abnormal returns and insider buying behavior in connected banks.
Morphological, immunophenotypical and molecular features of hypermutation in colorectal carcinomas with mutations in DNA polymerase ε (POLE)
Authors: Forgó Erna , Gomez Adam J , Steiner David , Zehnder James , Longacre Teri A 
Published: September 2019

AimsColorectal carcinomas (CRC) with mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency have increased tumour mutation burden and respond to immune check‐point inhibitor therapy. The Cancer Genome Atlas identified hypermutated CRCs with somatic mutations in DNA polymerase ε (POLE) with mutation burdens exceeding that of MMR‐deficient CRCs.Methods and resultsTo identify the morphological, immunophenotypical and molecular features of POLE‐mutated CRCs, 63 consecutive MMR‐intact CRCs were evaluated by Sanger sequencing for POLE exonuclease domain mutations in exons 9, 11, 13 and 14 and confirmed by next‐generation sequencing. Tumour immune microenvironment and IMMUNOSCORE®1 were assessed in POLE‐mutated CRCs using immunohistochemistry to detect CD3+/CD8+ tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes and compared to 59 non‐POLE mutated MMR‐intact CRC, 10 non‐POLE mutated MMR‐deficient CRCs and 223 normal colonic mucosa.ConclusionsA total of 4.8% CRC (four MMR‐intact primary and one MMR‐intact metastasis) harboured POLE mutations in amino acid 286 in exon 9 (p.P286R) or exon 13 (p.V411L). POLE‐mutated CRCs arose in the transverse colon and rectum, were male‐predominant, younger and showed increased tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes and immune cells at the tumour–stromal interface. The patient with metastatic POLE‐mutated CRC was placed on PD‐1 inhibitor treatment with marked and sustained response. These data indicate that POLE‐mutated CRCs have hypermutated phenotypes despite MMR‐intact status, with mutation burdens higher than that in microsatellite‐unstable CRCs. Given the recent approval for treatment of microsatellite‐unstable cancer with immune check‐point inhibitors, assessment of POLE status may help to guide therapeutic decisions for hypermutated tumours with intact MMR that would otherwise be missed by routine testing.
Application of a decision tree to establish factors associated with a nomogram of aortic stiffness
Authors: Vallée Alexandre , Safar Michel E. , Blacher Jacques 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAortic stiffness is a marker of vascular aging and may reflect occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), a marker of aortic stiffness, can be measured by applanation tonometry. A nomogram of aortic stiffness was evaluated by the calculation of PWV index. Theoretical PWV can be calculated according to age, gender, mean blood pressure, and heart rate, allowing to form an individual PWV index [(measured PWV – theoretical PWV)/theoretical PWV]. The purpose of the present cross‐sectional study was to investigate the determinants of the PWV index, by applying a decision tree. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from 2012 to 2017, and 597 individuals were included. A training decision tree was constructed based on seventy percent of these subjects (N = 428). The remaining 30% (N = 169) were used as the testing dataset to evaluate the performance of the decision trees. The input variables for the models were clinical and biochemical parameters. The different input variables remained in the model were diabetes, tobacco status, carotid plaque, albuminuria, C‐reactive protein, total cholesterol, BMI, and previous CV diseases. For the validation decision model, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values for identifying the related risk factors of PWV index were 70%, 78%, and 0.73. Since determinants of PWV index were all well‐accepted CV risk factors, a nomogram of aortic stiffness could be considered as an integrator of CV risk factors on their duration of exposure and could be utilized to develop future programs for CV risk assessment and reduction strategies.
Serial exposure to ethanol drinking and methamphetamine enhances glutamate excitotoxicity
Authors: Blaker Amanda L. , Moore Elizabeth R. , Yamamoto Bryan K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA significant comorbidity exists between alcohol and methamphetamine (Meth) abuse but the neurochemical consequences of this co‐abuse are unknown. Alcohol and Meth independently and differentially affect glutamatergic transmission but the unique effects of their serial exposure on glutamate signaling in mediating damage to dopamine neurons are unknown. Sprague–Dawley rats had intermittent voluntary access to 10% ethanol (EtOH) every other day and water over 28 days and were then administered a binge injection regimen of Meth or saline. EtOH drinking decreased the glutamate aspartate transporter and increased basal extracellular concentrations of glutamate within the striatum when measured after the last day of drinking. Ceftriaxone is known to increase the expression and/or activity of glutamate transporters in the brain and prevented both the decreases in glutamate aspartate transporter and the increases in basal extracellular glutamate when administered during EtOH drinking. EtOH drinking also exacerbated the acute increases in extracellular glutamate observed upon Meth exposure, the subsequent increases in spectrin proteolysis, and the long‐term decreases in dopamine content in the striatum, all of which were attenuated by ceftriaxone administration during EtOH drinking only. These results implicate EtOH‐induced increases in extracellular glutamate and corresponding decreases in glutamate uptake as mechanisms that contribute to the vulnerability produced by EtOH drinking and the unique neurotoxicity observed after serial exposure to Meth that is not observed with either drug alone.
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Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials BadgeFor more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/
miRNAs as biomarkers of orofacial clefts: A systematic review
Authors: Mendes Sissy Maria Dos Anjos , Espinosa Daybelis Del Socorro González , Moreira Paulo Eliezer De Oliveira , Marques Diego , Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes , Ribeiro‐dos‐Santos Ândrea 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOrofacial clefts are facial malformations caused by the improper development of the lips and palate. Many genetic and epigenetic molecules have been involved in the mechanisms of orofacial clefts, one of which are miRNAs. This systematic review aimed to identify miRNAs associated to non‐syndromic orofacial clefts in humans. After applying a series of criteria, four studies were selected for analysis. In total, one hundred miRNAs were observed in the literature, of which 57 were reported as upregulated and 43 as downregulated in all orofacial cleft classifications. Moreover, nine miRNAs were differentially expressed only in cleft palate patients, which might suggest distinct regulatory mechanisms for the etiology of cleft lips and palates. We suggest broader population sampling in order to include diverse ethnic groups in the future, as well as analyses toward identifying miRNA target genes and pathways. We highlight the need for experimental validation and of these results to allow further translational approaches and clinical applications.
Alcohol Expectancies Moderate the Association Between School Connectedness and Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Cummins Kevin M. , Diep Sherry A. , Brown Sandra A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn this study, we investigate the moderated association of school connectedness and alcohol expectancies with adolescent drinking.METHODSTwo large community samples were obtained with 2 repeated attempted censuses of all students attending a large suburban school district. Participants completed a self‐administered questionnaire that assessed substance use, alcohol expectancies, and school connectedness. We used logistic regression analyses on the training sample and confirmed with Bayesian test intervals with the test sample.RESULTSParty related alcohol expectancies and school connectedness interacted in their explanatory association with recent drinking and binging, such that school connectedness had a protective association only for youth with lower positive expectancies. These findings were the result of pre‐planned exploratory analysis, which were confirmed with out‐of‐sample test data.CONCLUSIONSThe potential benefits for student health behaviors resulting from improved school connectedness may be dependent on at least one dimension of alcohol expectancies, at the individual level.