bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age Flint Mines in the Northern Badia
Authors: Müller-Neuhof Bernd 
Published: April 2018

Les mines de production d’éclats corticaux destinés à la confection d’outils en silex spécifiques (racloirs tabulaires, racloirs en éventail, industrie d’al-Jafr) sont connues dans le bassin d’al-Jafr, dans le sud-est de la Jordanie, depuis les années 1990. En 2000, des mines de production comparables ont été identifiées dans le nord-est de la Jordanie et ont fait l’objet d’une étude plus approfondie à partir de 2010. Cet article traite des caractéristiques de l’emplacement de ces ressources minérales ainsi que des modalités d’acquisition de la matière première dans ces mines. Enfin, les hypothèses sur le contexte socio-économique dans lequel s’intègre cette production seront évoquées.
L’Enceinte Sacrée et les origines de Byblos
Authors: Chanteau Julien 
Published: April 2018

L’Enceinte Sacrée de Byblos présente la double singularité d’être à la fois le monument le plus central de la ville mais aussi le plus ancien, son premier état ayant été daté de la période de l’Énéolithique récent (milieu du IVe millénaire). Ce sanctuaire est perçu comme l’unique témoin architectural de la transformation, sous l’effet d’un phénomène de croissance économique, du village préhistorique de Byblos en une véritable métropole méditerranéenne, conformément au paradigme évolutionniste d’un développement ressenti comme progressif et continu. L’objet de cet article est de démontrer, par l’analyse couplée de sa stratigraphie et de son architecture, que l’Enceinte Sacrée ne saurait remonter avant la première moitié du IIIe millénaire et que son premier état est contemporain de la création de la cité de Byblos, la ville devant être comprise comme une création ex nihilo, certes fondée sur un village protohistorique, mais sans continuité aucune entre les deux agglomérations.
Une statuette ou un vase en forme de déesse-hippopotame dans le Palais royal d’Ougarit
Authors: Matoïan Valérie 
Published: April 2018

Les études portant sur les objets découverts dans le Palais royal d’Ougarit ont permis, au cours des quinze dernières années, d’approfondir nos connaissances sur la culture matérielle palatiale du Levant Nord au Bronze récent et de révéler nombre de pièces inédites (RSO XIII, XVI, XVII). Notre regard portera ici sur une statuette (ou vase) en céramique, mise au jour en 1951, dont la plastique évoque l’image de la déesse-hippopotame égyptienne. Nous nous interrogerons sur l’interprétation fonctionnelle et symbolique de cette œuvre remarquable — dont la présence dans le Palais royal peut être rapprochée de celle d’autres objets, pièces importées d’Égypte et créations levantines influencées par les productions égyptiennes — et sur l’apport de cette découverte à l’étude de la diffusion des représentations de la déesse-hippopotame en Méditerranée orientale au IIe millénaire av. J.-C.
Chapiteaux corinthiens d’époque romaine à Tyr
Authors: Kahwagi-Janho Hany 
Published: April 2018

De nombreux chapiteaux corinthiens en marbre importé se trouvent sur le site de Tyr-cité. Ils appartiennent à différentes séries connues et répertoriées, qui ont leurs origines dans les ateliers pergaméno-éphésiens et dans ceux d’Aphrodisias. Trois ensembles sont présentés dans cet article. Le premier est celui des chapiteaux de la basilique thermale. Il possède des caractéristiques courantes dans la Méditerranée orientale, qui permettent de les dater du début du iie s. apr. J.-C. Le deuxième ensemble a la particularité d’avoir des chapiteaux aux feuilles dentelées dont l’un comporte, de surcroît, des feuilles fouettées par le vent (caractère rare pour les chapiteaux corinthiens « normaux »). La datation de ces chapiteaux (fin du iie s.) permet de les classer parmi les premiers de leur genre. Dans le troisième ensemble, qui provient sans doute du monument octogonal du site (Secteur 4), un seul chapiteau est étudié. Il fait partie des séries normales tardives (début iiie s.) qui ont des feuilles recourbées à la place des hélices. Tout comme deux chapiteaux du deuxième ensemble, il est l’un des rares chapiteaux figurés répertoriés au Liban.
The interface between writing and art: the seals of Tepe Gawra
Authors: Schmandt-Besserat Denise 
Published: April 2018

L’article traite de l’influence de l’écriture sur l’art de la période urbaine dans le Proche-Orient ancien. J’analyse les compositions – comment les images sont organisées – sur les sceaux de Tepe Gawra, 5500-2000 av. J.‑C. Je note que  : A) les sceaux qui précèdent l’écriture portent des figures tête-bêche ou pêle-mêle qui ne montrent aucune action réciproque  ; B) avec les compositions linéaires empruntées à l’écriture, la glyptique de l’époque protohistorique commence à lier les figures de simples compositions narratives, limitées à deux personnages  ; C) à l’époque historique, la glyptique imite la syntaxe et les déterminatifs de l’écriture pour créer des scènes narratives complexes. Je crédite l’écriture de ce changement conceptuel illustré par le passage des compositions d’images répétées, qui ne savaient qu’évoquer une idée, aux scènes narratives, ainsi que de l’évolution des compositions considérées globalement, à celles qui étaient «  lues » analytiquement.
L’image et le contexte : nouvelle étude des panneaux figuratifs incrustés de Mari
Authors: Couturaud Barbara 
Published: April 2018

Mari a fourni le plus grand nombre de fragments d’incrustations figurées au Proche-Orient. Ces incrustations en coquille formaient des compositions à thématique militaire ou cérémonielle. Les panneaux ne sont plus conservés et seuls des fragments d’incrustations nous sont parvenus, nous privant de l’intégralité des scènes. À partir du corpus de Mari, nous proposons d’étudier à nouveau ces panneaux figuratifs incrustés et leur place au sein de la culture matérielle des sociétés proche-orientales du Bronze ancien, sur la base d’une analyse iconographique et archéologique. De là émerge une nouvelle définition de ces objets : mettant en scène la classe dominante de la cité, garante de l’ordre social, ces panneaux sont destinés à évoquer bien plus qu’à narrer des événements. À travers la représentation de cérémonies sociales, cultuelles ou de scènes de bataille, ils deviennent alors un vecteur par lequel cette classe assure sa légitimité, dans les lieux mêmes où elle exerce son pouvoir, palais ou temples de la ville.
Notes d’archéologie et d’architecture orientales 17 - De la strate à la « couche architecturale » : réexamen de la stratigraphie de Tuttub/Khafadjé
Authors: Margueron Jean-Claude 
Published: April 2018

À la suite de l’analyse présentée dans NAAO 16, qui avait conduit à diminuer le nombre des strates urbaines admises jusqu’à présent, la même méthode est cette fois appliquée à la stratigraphie habituellement admise du temple de Sin qui prolonge la cité vers l’est : les couches architecturales définies en NAAO 16 s’y retrouvent de façon identique et permettent de définir quatre temples de Sin au lieu des dix définis lors de la fouille. Une restitution de Sin D (anciennement Sin IX) est proposée à la fin de l’analyse.
Investigating the adequacy of physics textbooks used in Nigeria secondary schools for conceptual understanding with new physics curriculum in view
Authors: Chukwunenye Joy Nkiruka , Ihekwaba Chinyere Ngozi , Akano Benedict Ubawike 
Published: April 2018

This study investigated the adequacy of the physics textbooks in use in Senior Secondary Schools in Nigeria using Owerri municipal as case study. Five research questions guided the study. The sampled textual materials were the three recommended physics textbooks. Twenty six physics teachers from ten public secondary schools in Owerri municipal, Imo State were used. The evaluation of these text books were carried out using the 8 – point quantitative approach to content evaluation of science text books (QACEST) and teacher’s perception rating scales (TPRS). The 8 – point QACEST was used to answer research questions 1 to 4 while research question 5 was answered using teacher’s perception rating scale The result revealed that while all the text books were adequate in terms of content and study questions inadequacies exist in some of the texts in the areas of learning activities, illustrations and teacher’s perception. This simply implies that no single text books have completely met the requirements of the new physics curriculum. However, teachers should not adhere to a particular text book but rather should expose their student to a variety of text books depending on the goal or aim of the lessons.Keywords: Investigating, Adequacy, Text book, conceptual understanding
Meaghan Morris Thing
Authors: Hardie Melissa 
Published: April 2018

Certainly, when people say to me, as they often have done, ‘I can’t remember anything afterward,’ I think, Great, that’s the point! The work is not there to be repeated or identified with, but something works on you.Adam Phillips1

‘Ironically,’ Meaghan Morris writes, ‘no text is more bleached of cultural particularity than the one which relentlessly theorizes “difference” without ever once stumbling over some stray material fact—a poem, a press photo, a snatch of TV news—that could, in its everyday density, take “theory” by surprise.’2 Ecstasy and Economics itself pops up as a ‘stray material fact’ that took me by surprise as a student more than two decades ago, and it still does. First, consider its surprising contents page: it dedicates what it terms ‘American essays’ to the late Australian poet John Forbes, a pairing at face value as surprising as the pairing of ecstasy and economics. That surprise extends to the pun of its cover photograph, a parody of Max Dupain’s 1937 photo The Sunbaker by Anne Zahalka, an image which recalibrates the photograph’s late Modern complexion by substituting a bleached and blurry beach surround for the deep shadows of the original. This image feels as historical now as the Dupain’s earlier subtlety of tone; Ecstasy and Economics analyses that ‘bleaching’ itself, the ‘stumbling’ into theory (as John Mowitt would say) where the unexpected ‘stray material fact’ renews analysis against sheer stultification.3 In the case of its cover photo the stray fact is hue, shade, distinction: a head of red hair whose capacity to surprise installs difference as surprise.
Searching for Meaghan (Morris)
Authors: Grossberg Lawrence 
Published: April 2018

I am delighted to be here celebrating the unique career of Meaghan Morris, who is, after all, not just a precious intellectual partner (and sometimes mentor) but also a deeply valued friend.1 As it turned out, the invitation to speak at an event honouring Meaghan on the occasion of her retirement provided the pressure I needed to write something I have been trying to write—and postponing—for decades. Why try for so long? Because she is, in my opinion, one of the most original and dedicated practitioners of cultural studies. Why try for so long? Because I could never find a comfortable way of doing it. I would try identifying some representative sample, some set of exemplary texts, that would enable me to make visible the commonalities and diversities that define the singularity of her analytic practice, the contextuality of her political thematic and the trajectory of her career. Every time I thought I had settled on the texts, I would remember another of my favourites, or Meaghan would send me a new one, inevitably shattering my selection and the comfortable assumptions I had made about how to ‘read’ them.
The sensitivity of Alpine summer convection to surrogate climate change: an intercomparison between convection-parameterizing and convection-resolving models
Authors: Keller Michael , Kröner Nico , Fuhrer Oliver , Lüthi Daniel , Schmidli Juerg , Stengel Martin , Stöckli Reto , Schär Christoph 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Climate models project an increase in heavy precipitation events in response to greenhouse gas forcing. Important elements of such events are rain showers and thunderstorms, which are poorly represented in models with parameterized convection. In this study, simulations with 12 km horizontal grid spacing (convection-parameterizing model, CPM) and 2 km grid spacing (convection-resolving model, CRM) are employed to investigate the change in the diurnal cycle of convection with warmer climate. For this purpose, simulations of 11 days in June 2007 with a pronounced diurnal cycle of convection are compared with surrogate simulations from the same period. The surrogate climate simulations mimic a future climate with increased temperatures but unchanged relative humidity and similar synoptic-scale circulation. Two temperature scenarios are compared: one with homogeneous warming (HW) using a vertically uniform warming and the other with vertically dependent warming (VW) that enables changes in lapse rate.The two sets of simulations with parameterized and explicit convection exhibit substantial differences, some of which are well known from the literature. These include differences in the timing and amplitude of the diurnal cycle of convection, and the frequency of precipitation with low intensities. The response to climate change is much less studied. We can show that stratification changes have a strong influence on the changes in convection. Precipitation is strongly increasing for HW but decreasing for the VW simulations. For cloud type frequencies, virtually no changes are found for HW, but a substantial reduction in high clouds is found for VW. Further, we can show that the climate change signal strongly depends upon the horizontal resolution. In particular, significant differences between CPM and CRM are found in terms of the radiative feedbacks, with CRM exhibiting a stronger negative feedback in the top-of-the-atmosphere energy budget.
Considering the future of anthropogenic gas-phase organic compound emissions and the increasing influence of non-combustion sources on urban air quality
Authors: Khare Peeyush , Gentner Drew R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Decades of policy in developed regions has successfully reduced total anthropogenic emissions of gas-phase organic compounds, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with an intentional, sustained focus on motor vehicles and other combustion-related sources. We examine potential secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and ozone formation in our case study megacity (Los Angeles) and demonstrate that non-combustion-related sources now contribute a major fraction of SOA and ozone precursors. Thus, they warrant greater attention beyond indoor environments to resolve large uncertainties in their emissions, oxidation chemistry, and outdoor air quality impacts in cities worldwide. We constrain the magnitude and chemical composition of emissions via several bottom-up approaches using chemical analyses of products, emissions inventory assessments, theoretical calculations of emission timescales, and a survey of consumer product material safety datasheets. We demonstrate that the chemical composition of emissions from consumer products as well as commercial and industrial products, processes, and materials is diverse across and within source subcategories. This leads to wide ranges of SOA and ozone formation potentials that rival other prominent sources, such as motor vehicles. With emission timescales from minutes to years, emission rates and source profiles need to be included, updated, and/or validated in emissions inventories with expected regional and national variability. In particular, intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (IVOCs and SVOCs) are key precursors to SOA, but are excluded or poorly represented in emissions inventories and exempt from emissions targets. We present an expanded framework for classifying VOC, IVOC, and SVOC emissions from this diverse array of sources that emphasizes a life cycle approach over longer timescales and three emission pathways that extend beyond the short-term evaporation of VOCs: (1) solvent evaporation, (2) solute off-gassing, and (3) volatilization of degradation by-products. Furthermore, we find that ambient SOA formed from these non-combustion-related emissions could be misattributed to fossil fuel combustion due to the isotopic signature of their petroleum-based feedstocks.
Large- to submesoscale surface circulation and its implications on biogeochemical/biological horizontal distributions during the OUTPACE cruise (southwest Pacific)
Authors: Rousselet Louise , de Verneil Alain , Doglioli Andrea M. , Petrenko Anne A. , Duhamel Solange , Maes Christophe , Blanke Bruno 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The patterns of the large-scale, meso- and submesoscale surface circulation
on biogeochemical and biological distributions are examined in the western
tropical South Pacific (WTSP) in the context of the OUTPACE cruise
(February–April 2015). Multi-disciplinary original in situ observations were
achieved along a zonal transect through the WTSP and their analysis was
coupled with satellite data. The use of Lagrangian diagnostics allows for the
identification of water mass pathways, mesoscale structures, and submesoscale
features such as fronts. In particular, we confirmed the existence of a
global wind-driven southward circulation of surface waters in the entire
WTSP, using a new high-resolution altimetry-derived product, validated by in
situ drifters, that includes cyclogeostrophy and Ekman components with
geostrophy. The mesoscale activity is shown to be responsible for
counter-intuitive water mass trajectories in two subregions: (i) the Coral
Sea, with surface exchanges between the North Vanuatu Jet and the North
Caledonian Jet, and (ii) around 170∘ W, with an eastward pathway,
whereas a westward general direction dominates. Fronts and small-scale
features, detected with finite-size Lyapunov exponents (FSLEs), are correlated
with 25 % of surface tracer gradients, which reveals the significance of
such structures in the generation of submesoscale surface gradients.
Additionally, two high-frequency sampling transects of biogeochemical
parameters and microorganism abundances demonstrate the influence of fronts
in controlling the spatial distribution of bacteria and phytoplankton, and as
a consequence the microbial community structure. All circulation scales play
an important role that has to be taken into account not only when analysing the data
from OUTPACE but also, more generally, for understanding the global distribution
of biogeochemical components.
Historical glacier outlines from digitized topographic maps of the Swiss Alps
Authors: Freudiger Daphné , Mennekes David , Seibert Jan , Weiler Markus 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Since the end of the Little Ice Age around 1850, the total glacier area of the central European Alps has considerably decreased. In order to understand the changes in glacier coverage at various scales and to model past and future streamflow accurately, long-term and large-scale datasets of glacier outlines are needed. To fill the gap between the morphologically reconstructed glacier outlines from the moraine extent corresponding to the time period around 1850 and the first complete dataset of glacier areas in the Swiss Alps from aerial photographs in 1973, glacier areas from 80 sheets of a historical topographic map (the Siegfried map) were manually digitized for the publication years 1878–1918 (further called first period, with most sheets being published around 1900) and 1917–1944 (further called second period, with most sheets being published around 1935). The accuracy of the digitized glacier areas was then assessed through a two-step validation process: the data were (1) visually and (2) quantitatively compared to glacier area datasets of the years 1850, 1973, 2003, and 2010, which were derived from different sources, at the large scale, basin scale, and locally. The validation showed that at least 70 % of the digitized glaciers were comparable to the outlines from the other datasets and were therefore plausible. Furthermore, the inaccuracy of the manual digitization was found to be less than 5 %. The presented datasets of glacier outlines for the first and second periods are a valuable source of information for long-term glacier mass balance or hydrological modelling in glacierized basins. The uncertainty of the historical topographic maps should be considered during the interpretation of the results. The datasets can be downloaded from the FreiDok plus data repository (https://freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/15008, https://doi.org/10.6094/UNIFR/15008).
Analyzing the future climate change of Upper Blue Nile River basin using statistical downscaling techniques
Authors: Fenta Mekonnen Dagnenet , Disse Markus 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Climate change is becoming one of the most threatening issues for
the world today in terms of its global context and its response to
environmental and socioeconomic drivers. However, large
uncertainties between different general circulation models (GCMs) and coarse
spatial resolutions make it difficult to use the outputs of GCMs directly,
especially for sustainable water management at regional scale, which
introduces the need for downscaling techniques using a multimodel approach.
This study aims (i) to evaluate the comparative performance of two widely
used statistical downscaling techniques, namely the Long Ashton Research
Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) and the Statistical Downscaling Model
(SDSM), and (ii) to downscale future climate scenarios of precipitation,
maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature
(Tmin) of the Upper Blue Nile River basin at finer spatial and
temporal scales to suit further hydrological impact studies. The calibration
and validation result illustrates that both downscaling techniques (LARS-WG
and SDSM) have shown comparable and good ability to simulate the current
local climate variables. Further quantitative and qualitative comparative
performance evaluation was done by equally weighted and varying weights of
statistical indexes for precipitation only. The evaluation result showed that
SDSM using the canESM2 CMIP5 GCM was able to reproduce more accurate
long-term mean monthly precipitation but LARS-WG performed best in capturing
the extreme events and distribution of daily
precipitation in the whole data range. Six selected multimodel CMIP3 GCMs, namely HadCM3, GFDL-CM2.1, ECHAM5-OM,
CCSM3, MRI-CGCM2.3.2 and CSIRO-MK3 GCMs, were used for downscaling climate
scenarios by the LARS-WG model. The result from the ensemble mean of the six GCM
showed an increasing trend for precipitation, Tmax and
Tmin. The relative change in precipitation ranged from 1.0 to
14.4 % while the change for mean annual Tmax may increase
from 0.4 to 4.3 ∘C and the change for mean annual Tmin
may increase from 0.3 to 4.1 ∘C. The individual result of the HadCM3 GCM
has a good agreement with the ensemble mean result. HadCM3 from
CMIP3 using A2a and B2a scenarios and canESM2 from CMIP5 GCMs under RCP2.6,
RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were downscaled by SDSM. The result from the two
GCMs under five different scenarios agrees with the increasing direction of three
climate variables (precipitation, Tmax and Tmin). The
relative change of the downscaled mean annual precipitation ranges from 2.1 to
43.8 % while the change for mean annual Tmax and
Tmin may increase in the range from 0.4 to 2.9 ∘C and
from 0.3 to 1.6 ∘C respectively.