bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Care Needs and Profile of People Living at Home With Moderate to Advanced Stage Parkinson Disease
Authors: Hand Annette , Oates Lloyd L. , Gray William K. , Walker Richard W. 
Published: July 2018

Background: In the United Kingdom, people with Parkinson disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism will require more support with their care needs as the condition progresses. There are few data on the nature of care input required and the amount of informal and formal care needed by people with PD to enable them to remain within their own home. Method: All people with moderate to advanced stage (Hoehn and Yahr III-V) idiopathic PD and atypical parkinsonism under the care of the Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust PD service and living in their own home were invited to take part in The Northumbria Care Needs Project, a 10-year prospective longitudinal study. At baseline, data regarding formal (paid) personal and domestic care input and use of respite care, sitting services, and day centers were collected. We also collected data on patient cognitive disability, functional disability, and disease severity and informal carer tasks. Results: Of 162 people with PD included in the study, only 25.2% accessed formal domestic care and the same proportion formal personal care. In contrast, 80.2% identified an informal carer who helped with these tasks. Despite greater level of functional disability in those with an informal carer, levels of formal personal care input were similar to those with and without a formal carer. Levels of formal domestic carer input were higher in those without an informal carer. Conclusions: Use of formal care services was relatively uncommon in our cohort and much of the burden of caring appears to be being met by informal carers.
Attendance in Recreational Groups for Persons With Dementia: The Impact of Stimulus and Environmental Factors
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Jensen Barbara 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: Participation in group activities can benefit persons with dementia, alleviating boredom, improving affect, maintaining function, and decreasing problematic behaviors. Methods: We describe patterns of attendance of residents with dementia at nursing home activity groups and investigate stimulus and environmental factors that may affect attendance. Results: Residents participated in 60.8% of the activities, with reasons for nonattendance including refusal (9.7%), not being on the unit (7.8%), being asleep (6.8%), and being involved in activities of daily living and other activities (8.3%). On average, 3.5 other residents not recruited for the study chose to participate in each group session. Group attendance was significantly related to group topic. Implication: The need for activities was evident by the attendance of both invited and other residents. Understanding the factors that affect attendance is the first step toward developing procedures to maximize participation in activities in order to decrease loneliness and boredom in this population.
Prehospital idarucizumab prior to intravenous thrombolysis in a mobile stroke unit
Authors: Zhao Henry , Coote Skye , Pesavento Lauren , Jones Brett , Rodrigues Edrich , Ng Jo Lyn , Ng Felix , Yan Bernard , Parsons Mark , Campbell Bruce CV , Easton Damien , Donnan Geoffrey A , Davis Stephen M 
Published: July 2018

Background Administration of intravenous idarucizumab to reverse dabigatran anticoagulation prior to thrombolysis for patients with acute ischemic stroke has been previously described, but not in the prehospital setting. The speed and predictability of idarucizumab reversal is well suited to prehospital treatment in a mobile stroke unit and allows patients with recent dabigatran intake to access reperfusion therapy. Aims To describe feasibility of prehospital idarucizumab administration prior to thrombolysis on the Melbourne mobile stroke unit. Methods The Melbourne mobile stroke unit is a specialized stroke ambulance servicing central metropolitan Melbourne, Australia and provides prehospital assessment, scanning and treatment with an integrated CT scanner and multidisciplinary stroke team. All cases were identified through the mobile stroke unit treatment registry since launch in November 2017. Results Of a total of n = 20 thrombolysis cases in the first 4 months of operation, three patients (15%) received intravenous idarucizumab 5 g for dabigatran reversal prior to thrombolysis. Mean time between idarucizumab administration and thrombolysis was approximately 10 minutes. Two of the three patients were shown to have large vessel occlusion on CTA in the mobile stroke unit and proceeded to endovascular thrombectomy. At 24 hours, only one patient had a small amount of asymptomatic petechial hemorrhage on follow-up imaging. All patients demonstrated substantial neurological recovery and were discharged to inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusions Rapid treatment with prehospital administration of idarucizumab prior to thrombolysis using a mobile stroke unit is feasible and facilitates hyperacute treatment.
MOG-IgG-associated disease has a stereotypical clinical course, asymptomatic visual impairment and good treatment response
Authors: Pandit Lekha , Mustafa Sharik , Nakashima Ichiro , Takahashi Toshyuki , Kaneko Kimhiko 
Published: July 2018

Objectives We investigated the clinical characteristics and treatment response in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-IgG)-associated disease and looked for evidence of subclinical disease. Methods We prospectively evaluated the frequency and pattern of relapse, tested afferent visual function and monitored treatment response in 42 south Asian patients from a single centre. Results Eighteen patients (42.9%) had monophasic and 24 (57.1%) a relapsing course. Disease duration was longer ( P<0.02) in those with a relapsing course. Median time to the second attack was prolonged ( P<0.04) in patients with recurrent transverse myelitis when compared with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and recurrent optic neuritis. Thirteen out of 17 patients (76.5%) initially presenting with optic neuritis developed recurrent optic neuritis later. After the first attack of transverse myelitis, 17 out of 22 (77.3%) had disease confined to the spinal cord. Optical coherence tomography detected peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness ( P<0.05) and macular ganglion cell complex volume ( P<0.005) abnormalities in seven out of 10 (70.0%) patients without clinical optic neuritis. Immunosuppressants induced remission in 17 out of 22 (77.3%) patients during a median follow-up of 48 months and the median Expanded Disability Status Score was 1 (range 1–10). Conclusion Our study highlighted the tendency for stereotypical attacks in MOG-IgG-associated disease, heterogeneity in clinical course among subtypes, subclinical visual impairment and the need for early and sustained immunosuppressive therapy.
AMPK-ACC signaling modulates platelet phospholipids and potentiates thrombus formation
Authors: Lepropre Sophie , Kautbally Shakeel , Octave Marie , Ginion Audrey , Onselaer Marie-Blanche , Steinberg Gregory R. , Kemp Bruce E. , Hego Alexandre , Wéra Odile , Brouns Sanne , Swieringa Frauke , Giera Martin , Darley-Usmar Victor M. , Ambroise Jérôme , Guigas Bruno , Heemskerk Johan , Bertrand Luc , Oury Cécile , Beauloye Christophe , Horman Sandrine 
Published: July 2018

Key PointsAMPK-ACC signaling in platelets is a key mechanism regulating primary hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. AMPK-ACC signaling controls collagen-induced TXA2 generation and dense granule release by modulating platelet phospholipid content.
‘The axial rethink’ – making sense of language: an interview with Christian M.I.M. Matthiessen
Authors: Matthiessen Christian M. I. M. , Wang Bo , Mwinlaaru Isaac N. , Ma Yuanyi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractChristian M.I.M. Matthiessen is a leading scholar in Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). Together with William C. Mann and Sandra A. Thompson, he developed Rhetorical Structure Theory, a discourse analytical framework which he has continued to expand and extend using insights from the architecture of SFL. Some of his other contributions are in the area of functional language typology, theoretical modelling of the dimensions of language and comprehensive paradigmatic description of English lexicogrammatical systems. In this interview, he discusses his early experience in linguistics and his motivations for working with Systemic Functional Linguistics. The interview also sheds light on the interaction between SFL and other linguistic schools in the European and American linguistic traditions, and indicates the distinctive contributions of SFL to linguistic science. The discussion contributes to the history of linguistics and the debates on the meta-theory of language.
Guided chemotherapy based on patient‐derived mini‐xenograft models improves survival of gallbladder carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhan Ming , Yang Rui‐meng , Wang Hui , He Min , Chen Wei , Xu Sun‐wang , Yang Lin‐hua , Liu Qiang , Long Man‐mei , Wang Jian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundGallbladder carcinoma is highly aggressive and resistant to chemotherapy, with no consistent strategy to guide first line chemotherapy. However, patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model has been increasingly used as an effective model for in preclinical study of chemosensitivity.MethodsMini‐PDX model was established using freshly resected primary lesions from 12 patients with gallbladder to examine the sensitivity with five of the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, namely gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, nanoparticle albumin‐bound (nab)‐paclitaxel, and irinotecan. The results were used to guide the selection of chemotherapeutic agents for adjunctive treatment after the surgery. Kaplan–Meier method was used to compare overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) with 45 patients who received conventional chemotherapy with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin.ResultsCell viability assays based on mini‐PDX model revealed significant heterogeneities in drug responsiveness. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that patients in the PDX‐guided chemotherapy group had significantly longer median OS (18.6 months; 95% CI 15.9–21.3 months) than patients in the conventional chemotherapy group (13.9 months; 95% CI 11.7–16.2 months) (P = 0.030; HR 3.18; 95% CI 1.47–6.91). Patients in the PDX‐guided chemotherapy group also had significantly longer median DFS (17.6 months; 95% CI 14.5–20.6 months) than patients in the conventional chemotherapy group (12.0 months; 95% CI 9.7–14.4 months) (P = 0.014; HR 3.37; 95% CI 1.67–6.79).ConclusionThe use of mini‐PDX model to guide selection of chemotherapeutic regimens could improve the outcome in patients with gallbladder carcinoma.
Time for a change of practice: the real-world value of testing for neuronal autoantibodies in acute first-episode psychosis
Authors: Pollak Thomas A. , Lennox Belinda R. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIt is time that all patients with acute-onset psychosis are screened for autoimmune encephalitis, that lumbar puncture becomes a routine psychiatric investigation and that immunotherapy is available in indicated cases. We call for a culture change in the management of psychosis by psychiatry.Declaration of interestNone.
Paradigm Shifts in Nocturnal Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Basu Ananda , Joshi Nisha , Miles John , Carter Rickey E , Rizza Robert A , Basu Rita 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Context
A better understanding of nocturnal regulation of glucose homeostasis will provide the framework for designing rational therapeutic strategies to improve the management of overnight glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective
To establish the nocturnal pattern and regulation of glucose production (EGP) in humans and to determine whether the pattern is dysregulated in people with T2D.

Design
Subjects were infused with [3-3H] glucose overnight. Arterial blood samples were drawn for hormones and analytes to estimate EGP throughout the night. Deuterium-labeled water was provided to measure gluconeogenesis (GNG) using the hexamethylenetetramine method of Landau.

Setting
Mayo Clinic Clinical Research Trials Unit, Rochester, MN, USA.

Participants and Interventions
A total of 43 subjects [23 subjects with T2D and 20 nondiabetic (ND) subjects comparable for age and body mass index] were included in this study.

Main Outcome(s) Measure(s)
Glucose and EGP.

Results
Plasma glucose, C-peptide, and glucagon concentrations were higher throughout the night, whereas insulin concentrations were higher in subjects with T2D vs ND subjects at 1:00 and 4:00 am but similar at 7:00 am. EGP was higher in the subjects with T2D than in the ND subjects throughout the night (P &lt; 0.001). Glycogenolysis (GGL) fell and GNG rose, resulting in significantly higher (P &lt; 0.001) rates of GNG at 4:00 and 7:00 am and significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher rates of GGL at 1:00, 4:00, and 7:00 am in T2D as compared with ND.

Conclusions
These data imply that optimal therapies for T2D for nocturnal/fasting glucose control should target not only the absolute rates of EGP but also the contributing pathways of GGL and GNG sequentially.
Effects of hypoxia on swimming and sensing in a weakly electric fish
Authors: Ackerly Kerri Lynn , Krahe Rüdiger , Sanford Christopher P. , Chapman Lauren J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTLow dissolved oxygen (hypoxia) can severely limit fish performance, especially aerobically expensive behaviours including swimming and acquisition of sensory information. Fishes can reduce oxygen requirements by altering these behaviours under hypoxia, but the underlying mechanisms can be difficult to quantify. We used a weakly electric fish as a model system to explore potential effects of hypoxia on swim performance and sensory information acquisition, which enabled us to non-invasively record electric signalling activity used for active acquisition of sensory information during swimming. To quantify potential effects of hypoxia, we measured critical swim speed (Ucrit) and concurrent electric signalling activity under high- and low-dissolved oxygen concentrations in a hypoxia-tolerant African mormyrid fish, Marcusenius victoriae. Fish were maintained under normoxia for 6 months prior to experimental treatments, and then acclimated for 8 weeks to normoxia or hypoxia and tested under both conditions (acute: 4 h exposure). Acute hypoxia exposure resulted in a significant reduction in both Ucrit and electric signalling activity in fish not acclimated to hypoxia. However, individuals acclimated to chronic hypoxia were characterized by a higher Ucrit under both hypoxia and normoxia than fish acclimated to normoxia. Following a 6 month re-introduction to normoxia, hypoxia-acclimated individuals still showed increased performance under acute hypoxic test conditions, but not under normoxia. Our results highlight the detrimental effects of hypoxia on aerobic swim performance and sensory information acquisition, and the ability of fish to heighten aerobic performance through acclimation processes that can still influence performance even months after initial exposure.
Phenotype profiling of white-nose syndrome pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans and closely-related Pseudogymnoascus pannorum reveals metabolic differences underlying fungal lifestyles
Authors: Chaturvedi Vishnu , DeFiglio Holland , Chaturvedi Sudha 
Published: July 2018

Background: Pseudogymnoascus destructans, a psychrophile, causes bat white-nose syndrome (WNS). Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, a closely related fungus, causes human and canine diseases rarely. Both pathogens were reported from the same mines and caves in the United States, but only P. destructans caused WNS. Earlier genome comparisons revealed that P. pannorum contained more deduced proteins with ascribed enzymatic functions than P. destructans. Methods: We performed metabolic profiling with Biolog PM microarray plates to confirm in silico gene predictions. Results: P. pannorum utilized 78 of 190 carbon sources (41%), and 41 of 91 nitrogen compounds (43%) tested. P. destructans used 23 carbon compounds (12%) and 23 nitrogen compounds (24%). P. destructans exhibited more robust growth on the phosphorous compounds and nutrient supplements (83% and 15%, respectively) compared to P. pannorum (27% and 1%, respectively.). P. pannorum exhibited higher tolerance to osmolytes, pH extremes, and a variety of chemical compounds than P. destructans. Conclusions: An abundance of carbohydrate degradation pathways combined with robust stress tolerance provided clues for the soil distribution of P. pannorum. The limited metabolic profile of P. destructans was compatible with in silico predictions of far fewer proteins and enzymes. P. destructans ability to catabolize diverse phosphorous and nutrient supplements might be critical in the colonization and invasion of bat tissues. The present study of 1,047 different metabolic activities provides a framework for future gene-function investigations of the unique biology of the psychrophilic fungi.
Epiviz Web Components: reusable and extensible component library to visualize functional genomic datasets
Authors: Kancherla Jayaram , Zhang Alexander , Gottfried Brian , Bravo Hector Corrada 
Published: July 2018

Interactive and integrative data visualization tools and libraries are integral to exploration and analysis of genomic data. Web based genome browsers allow integrative data exploration of a large number of data sets for a specific region in the genome. Currently available web-based genome browsers are developed for specific use cases and datasets, therefore integration and extensibility of the visualizations and the underlying libraries from these tools is a challenging task. Genomic data visualization and software libraries that enable bioinformatic researchers and developers to implement customized genomic data viewers and data analyses for their application are much needed. Using recent advances in core web platform APIs and technologies including Web Components, we developed the Epiviz Component Library, a reusable and extensible data visualization library and application framework for genomic data. Epiviz Components can be integrated with most JavaScript libraries and frameworks designed for HTML. To demonstrate the ease of integration with other frameworks, we developed an R/Bioconductor epivizrChart package, that provides interactive, shareable and reproducible visualizations of genomic data objects in R, Shiny and also create standalone HTML documents. The component library is modular by design, reusable and natively extensible and therefore simplifies the process of managing and developing bioinformatic applications.
Dendritic cell-expressed common gamma-chain recruits IL-15 for trans-presentation at the murine immunological synapse
Authors: Beilin Chiara , Choudhuri Kaushik , Bouma Gerben , Malinova Dessislava , Llodra Jaime , Stokes David L. , Shimaoka Motumu , Springer Timothy A. , Dustin Michael L. , Thrasher Adrian J. , Burns Siobhan O. 
Published: July 2018

Background:Mutations of the common cytokine receptor gamma chain (γc) cause Severe Combined Immunodeficiency characterized by absent T and NK cell development. Although stem cell therapy restores these lineages, residual immune defects are observed that may result from selective persistence of γc-deficiency in myeloid lineages. However, little is known about the contribution of myeloid-expressed γc to protective immune responses. Here we examine the importance of γc for myeloid dendritic cell (DC) function.Methods:We utilize a combination ofin vitroDC/T-cell co-culture assays and a novel lipid bilayer system mimicking the T cell surface to delineate the role of DC-expressed γc during DC/T-cell interaction.Results:We observed that γc in DC was recruited to the contact interface following MHCII ligation, and promoted IL-15Rα colocalization with engaged MHCII. Unexpectedly, trans-presentation of IL-15 was required for optimal CD4+T cell activation by DC and depended on DC γc expression. Neither recruitment of IL-15Rα nor IL-15 trans-signaling at the DC immune synapse (IS), required γc signaling in DC, suggesting that γc facilitates IL-15 transpresentation through induced intermolecularcisassociations or cytoskeletal reorganization following MHCII ligation.Conclusions:These findings show that DC-expressed γc is required for effective antigen-induced CD4+ T cell activation. We reveal a novel mechanism for recruitment of DC IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes to the IS, leading to CD4+ T cell costimulation through localized IL-15 transpresentation that is coordinated with antigen-recognition.
Frailty syndrome and functional disability among older adults with and without diabetes and foot ulcers
Authors: Bôas Nayana Cristina Reis Vilas , Salomé Geraldo Magela , Ferreira Lydia Masako 
Published: July 2018

Objective:To assess frailty and disability among older adults with and without diabetes or foot ulcers.Method:A descriptive, comparative, controlled, multicentre study. Equal numbers of participants were allocated to three groups: (I) no diabetes/no foot ulcers (control), (II) diabetes but no foot ulcers or (III) diabetes and foot ulcers. Individuals with arterial, venous, pressure or mixed ulcers were not included. We collected data using three methods: a sociodemographic questionnaire and the validated Brazilian versions of the Edmonton Frail Scale and Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire 20-item Disability Scale (HAQ-20).Results:A total of 150 older people took part in the study. The majority of participants were female (n=84, 56%), married (n=86, 57%) and did not exercise (n=94, 63%). Their age ranged from 67.7–71.5 years. In group I, 32 (64%) patients showed no evidence of frailty. In group II, 18 (36%) patients and 12 (24%) patients were ‘apparently vulnerable’ and ‘mildly frail’, respectively and in group III 21 (42%) patients and 15 (22%) patients had ‘moderate’ and ‘severe frailty’, respectively. The mean total HAQ-20 scores were 0.24, 0.52, and 2.44 for groups I, II, and III, respectively. Patients in group III reported significantly higher scores on all HAQ-20 categories compared with patients in groups I and II.Conclusion:Older patients with DFUs showed frailty and physical disability in activities of daily living.
A simple and fast dressing for skin grafts: comparison with traditional techniques
Authors: Kim Sang Wha , Kim Ji Hun , Kim Jeong Tae , Kim Youn Hwan 
Published: July 2018

Objective: The split-thickness skin graft (STSG) is commonly used for reconstruction of skin and soft tissue defects. For a successful graft, the thin skin must be in close contact with the recipient bed until the graft stabilises. This study introduces a simple and fast dressing technique, and compares it with the traditional tie-over dressing. Method: All patients who received STSGs between January 2013 and March 2015 were identified. From these patients, those who were treated with skin graft only were included in the study. For comparison of the dressing techniques, operation times from skin incision to the end of procedure were analysed, together with the outcomes of the grafts. For the simple and fast method, the dressing was fixed with a skin stapler, and for tie-over dressings, the graft was fixed with sutures. Results: A total of 67 patients (38 females, 29 males), mean age 58.4 years (range: 24–86 years) were included in the study. Average operation times were 22.9 minutes (range: 10-40 minutes) using the simple and fast dressings and 45.3 minutes (range: 20–120 minutes) using the tie-over dressings, demonstrating a significant difference in operation times. Partial graft loss was reported in three cases with the tie-over dressings and in four cases with the simple and fast dressings, without significant difference. Conclusion: The simple and fast dressing is easy to apply, is able to be shaped according to the wound surface, and provides a secure dressing over the skin graft.