bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid detection of carbapenemase production in
Aeromonas
using phenotypic tests based on colorimetric microtube assay
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Lijun , Jiang Min , Zhang Yuhong , Sun Bin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance, particularly carbapenem resistance, poses a significant global health threat due to the limited availability of effective antibiotics. Carbapenem-resistant
Aeromonas
are increasingly recognized for their role in various infections, necessitating rapid and accurate detection methods. This study aimed to evaluate several phenotypic tests, including the Carba NP test (CNPt), Carba NP-direct test (CNPd), and Blue-Carba test (BCT), for their effectiveness in rapidly detecting carbapenemase production in
Aeromonas
. These tests target both the chromosomally encoded CphA metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and acquired carbapenemases. Additionally, a modified phenotypic test called the Colony-Carba NP test (c-CNPt) was introduced to enhance sensitivity and specificity. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 131 clinically conserved
Aeromonas
strains harboring identified carbapenem resistance genes, using CNPt, CNPd, BCT, and the newly developed c-CNPt and EDTA-Colony-Carba NP test (ec-CNPt). The stability of c-CNPt reagents stored at −80°C was also assessed. Additionally, a prospective study conducted from July 2021 to November 2023 evaluated 152
Aeromonas
isolates to determine the clinical applicability of these tests. Our results demonstrated that CNPd and BCT achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity, surpassing the traditional CNPt, which showed only 63.6% sensitivity for
Aeromonas
strains. The c-CNPt also showed 100% sensitivity and specificity, with the ec-CNPt effectively differentiating between MBL and serine carbapenemase types. Stability tests confirmed that c-CNPt reagents could be stored at −80℃ for up to 1 year without performance degradation. These findings highlight the practicality and reliability of these phenotypic tests for routine laboratory use, providing a rapid and cost-effective method for detecting carbapenemase production.

The rapid detection of carbapenemase production in
Aeromonas
is of paramount importance due to the significant clinical and public health implications associated with antibiotic resistance. The development and validation of rapid phenotypic tests such as the Colony-Carba NP test (c-CNPt) and the EDTA-Colony-Carba NP test (ec-CNPt) are crucial advancements in the field. These tests offer a highly sensitive and specific method for detecting carbapenemase production in
Aeromonas
, including the differentiation between metallo-β-lactamase and serine carbapenemases. The c-CNPt and ec-CNPt are cost-effective, easy to perform, and provide rapid results, making them suitable for routine clinical use. Additionally, the stability of the reagents ensures their practicality for long-term application in various healthcare settings. Implementing these phenotypic tests in clinical laboratories can significantly enhance the early detection and appropriate treatment of carbapenem-resistant
Aeromonas
infections.
Extracellular vesicles from fifth-stage larval
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
upregulate cholesterol biosynthesis and suppress NLRP2-associated inflammatory responses in mouse astrocytes
Authors: Cheng Chien-Ju , Wang Lian-Chen , Chu Lichieh Julie , Chen Kuang-Yao , Huang Ching-Yun , Lan Kuo-Lun , Huang Kuo-Yang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Angiostrongylus cantonensis
is a zoonotic parasite that causes severe symptoms in humans, including eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from helminthes have been implicated in regulating host survival and immune response. However, the roles of
A. cantonensis
EVs in modulating parasite pathogenesis and host immune response remain poorly understood. Herein, we characterized EVs derived from
A. cantonensis
fifth-stage larvae (L5) and adult worms. Ultrastructural features showed that EVs from adult worms are smaller in size compared with those from L5. Proteomic analysis identified stage-specific proteins packaged in L5 and adult worm EVs. To investigate the crosstalk between L5 EVs and host cells, RNA sequencing analysis was conducted to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched biological pathways in mouse astrocytes treated with L5 EVs. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that the pathways related to “cholesterol biosynthesis” are significantly upregulated in L5 EV-treated astrocytes. Based on the transcriptomic data, we observed a downregulated trend of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) protein 2 (NLRP2), a key regulator of brain inflammation, in mouse astrocytes treated with L5 EVs. To validate this result, we utilized ATP to induce the expression of NLRP2 inflammasome-related genes and proteins, as well as the secretion of downstream cytokines. Notably, ATP-induced overexpression of NLRP2 inflammasome-related molecules was significantly reduced in mouse astrocytes upon L5 EV treatment. Collectively, our data suggest that
A. cantonensis
L5 EVs enhance cholesterol synthesis and potentially modulate immune response by reducing NLRP2 inflammasome-related signaling in non-permissive host cells.

IMPORTANCE

Angiostrongylus cantonensis
is a significant causative agent of eosinophilic meningitis and eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in humans. Helminth-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to play a crucial role in parasite pathogenesis and host immunomodulation. However, the protein compositions of
A. cantonensis
EVs and their roles in parasite pathogenesis and host immune response remain unclear. Our results demonstrate for the first time the distinct protein compositions in
A. cantonensis
L5 and adult worm EVs. The highly abundant proteins in L5 EVs that have immunomodulatory or pathogenic potential in the host deserve further investigation. Additionally, the uptake of L5 EVs by mouse astrocytes significantly upregulates cholesterol synthesis and suppresses ATP-induced NLRP2 inflammasome-related signaling. This study highlights the immunomodulatory roles of L5 EVs in non-permissive hosts, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets and vaccine candidates against
A. cantonensis
.
Engaging Australian healthcare consumers to determine priorities and consensus for precision medicine approaches to detect non-communicable disease in early life: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Grace Tegan , Hoskins Samantha , Pringle Kirsty , Mason Gillian , Cruz Turner Melinda , Ludski Keren , Usher Leila , Ghafournia Nafiseh , Pennell Craig 
Published: December 2024

ObjectivesResearch to develop early screening tools to determine an individual’s risk of developing adult-onset disease is a growing field. Expectant parents may find themselves with an option in the future to undergo screening to determine not only genetic abnormalities in their child but also their risk of developing adult-onset non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as hypertension, obesity or hypercholesterolaemia. To ensure acceptability and feasibility of new screening tools researchers must work in partnership with healthcare consumers to discern consumers’ current understanding and acceptance of these technologies in research and the potential for clinical applications. We sought to engage with healthcare consumers to develop a consensus, using a modified Delphi study design, for the acceptability of (1) screening tools for use within pregnancy that would indicate a child’s risk for developing NCD, and (2) targeted early interventions for those identified at a higher risk of developing NCD using precision medicine approaches. The acceptability of future research design and conduct as well as the implications for implementation into routine healthcare were discussed. In addition, participants were asked to rank the non-communicable diseases they believed were of most importance for precision medicine research focus, in line with recent calls for better involvement of healthcare consumers in setting research questions and defining priority areas.DesignA modified two-stage Delphi study design including an in-person consumer workshop (stage 1) and online follow-up survey (stage 2), was used to evaluate consumer consensus for research to develop precision medicine tools for early detection and potential intervention to reduce onset of NCDs. The acceptability of research design and conduct and future implications for the implementation of newly developed tools into routine healthcare was also addressed.Setting and participantsWe engaged 76 healthcare consumers in 2020, in the Hunter New England Region, New South Wales, Australia. Participants were recruited from existing healthcare consumer organisations, research programmes and healthcare networks through purposeful selection, with a focus on participants having a broad range of experiences and backgrounds to ensure adequate representativeness.Results and conclusionsOur findings indicate the majority (98%) of participants in our study believe early screening for risk of NCD in their children was acceptable, provided it was equitable and clear pathways for referral and support were available.
Injuries in weightlifting and powerlifting: an updated systematic review
Authors: Tung Matthew Jia-Yuan , Lantz George Alexander , Lopes Alexandre Dias , Berglund Lars 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature on the incidence, prevalence, anatomical injury localisation and risk factors in Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting.DesignUpdated systematic review, PROSPERO registration (CRD42022382364).Data sourcesFour databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science) were searched on 19 February 2024.EligibilityReports assessing injury incidence and prevalence in Olympic weightlifting and powerlifting, published between January 2015 and February 2024, were included in addition to reports from a previous systematic review. The ‘Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-sectional Studies’ was used to assess methodological quality.ResultsOf 1765 screened records, eight new reports were found, resulting in 17 reports in the review. 12 reports covered weightlifting and seven covered powerlifting, with two of the reports included in both categories as they addressed both sports. In weightlifting, the period prevalence of injuries during competitions was 10.7%–68%, the incidence was 2.4–3.3 injuries/1000 hours of training, and the most common injury sites were the knee, lower back, shoulder and hands/fingers. In powerlifting, one report showed a point prevalence of 70%. Injury incidence was 1.0–4.4 injuries/1000 hours of training, and the most common injury sites were the lower back/pelvis, shoulder and elbow/upper arm. Both sports showed a high prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction (eg, urinary incontinence) among females (50%) compared with males (9.3%).ConclusionsThis updated systematic review supports the conclusions of previous reviews and shows new findings that pelvic floor dysfunction is very common in both sports. Due to the distinctly different study designs and settings, further direct comparisons between sports were difficult. In weightlifting, reports mainly focused on injuries during competitions. In powerlifting, injury incidence was low, but injury prevalence was high when defining injury as a painful condition that impairs training/competition.
Forecasting cardiovascular disease risk and burden in China from 2020 to 2030: a simulation study based on a nationwide cohort
Authors: Wang Runsi , Wang Yunfeng , Lu Jiapeng , Li Yichong , Wu Chaoqun , Yang Yang , Cui Jianlan , Xu Wei , Song Lijuan , Yang Hao , He Wenyan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Xingyi , Li Xi , Hu Shengshou 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant public health challenge in China. This study aimed to project the burden of CVD from 2020 to 2030 using a nationwide cohort and to simulate the potential impact of various control measures on morbidity and mortality.MethodsAn agent-based model was employed to simulate annual CVD incidence and mortality from 2021 to 2030. The effects of different prevention and treatment interventions, modelled on international strategies, were also explored.ResultsThe study included 106 259 participants. The annual CVD incidence rate is projected to increase from 0.74% in 2021 to 0.97% by 2030, with age-standardised and sex-standardised rates rising from 0.71% to 0.96%. CVD mortality is expected to rise from 0.39% in 2021 to 0.46% in 2024, after which it will stabilise at 0.44% by 2030. Community-based interventions and improved access to inpatient care are predicted to reduce the projected burden of CVD significantly.ConclusionsThe incidence of CVD in China is projected to increase steadily over the next decade, while mortality will plateau after 2024. Comprehensive interventions, including community-based screenings and enhanced healthcare access, could significantly mitigate the CVD burden.Trial registration numberNCT02536456.
Mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and T cells enhances CD47 antibody-engineered oncolytic virus antitumor immunity
Authors: Zhao Jing , Hu Shichuan , Qi Zhongbing , Xu Xianglin , Long Xiangyu , Huang Anliang , Liu Jiyan , Cheng Ping 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundAlthough immunotherapy can reinvigorate immune cells to clear tumors, the response rates are poor in some patients. Here, CD47 antibody-engineered oncolytic viruses (oAd-αCD47) were employed to lyse tumors and activate immunity. The oAd-αCD47 induced comprehensive remodeling of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, whether the acidic TME affects the antitumor immunotherapeutic effects of oncolytic viruses-αCD47 has not been clarified.MethodsTo assess the impact of oAd-αCD47 treatment on the TME, we employed multicolor flow cytometry. Glucose uptake was quantified using 2NBDG, while mitochondrial content was evaluated with MitoTracker FM dye. pH imaging of tumors was performed using the pH-sensitive fluorophore SNARF-4F. Moreover, changes in the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/cyclic AMP activates-responsive element-binding proteins (CREB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC1α) signaling pathway were confirmed through western blotting and flow cytometry.ResultsHere, we identified sodium bicarbonate (NaBi) as the potent metabolic reprogramming agent that enhanced antitumor responses in the acidic TME. The combination of NaBi and oAd-αCD47 therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and produced complete immune control in various tumor-bearing mouse models. Mechanistically, combination therapy mainly reduced the number of regulatory T cells and enriched the ratio of M1-type macrophages TAMs (M1.TAMs) to M2-type macrophages TAMs (M2.TAMs), while decreasing the abundance of PD-1+TIM3+expression and increasing the expression of CD107a in the CD8+T cells. Furthermore, the combination therapy enhanced the metabolic function of T cells and macrophages by upregulating PGC1α, a key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. This metabolic improvement contributed to a robust antitumor response. Notably, the combination therapy also promoted the generation of memory T cells, suggesting its potential as an effective neoadjuvant treatment for preventing postoperative tumor recurrence and metastasis.ConclusionsTumor acidic microenvironment impairs mitochondrial energy metabolism in macrophages and T cells inducing oAd-αCD47 immunotherapeutic resistance. NaBi improves the acidity of the TME and activates the CaMKII/CREB/PGC1α mitochondrial biosynthesis signaling pathway, which reprograms the energy metabolism of macrophages and T cells in the TME, and oral NaBi enhances the antitumor effect of oAd-αCD47.
Epigenetic Upregulation of Carotid Body Angiotensin Signaling Increases Blood Pressure
Authors: Zhu Fengli , Wang Zhuqing , Davis Kayla , McSwiggin Hayden , Zyuzin Jekaterina , Liu Jie , Yan Wei , Rehan Virender K. , Jendzjowsky Nicholas 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Epigenetic changes can be shaped by a wide array of environmental cues, maternal health, and behaviors. One of the most detrimental behaviors to the developing fetus is nicotine exposure. Perinatal nicotine exposure remains a significant risk factor for cardiovascular health and, in particular, hypertension. Increased basal carotid body (CB) activity and excitation are significant contributors to hypertension. This study investigated the epigenetic changes to CB activity induced by perinatal nicotine exposure resulting in CB-mediated hypertension.

METHODS:
We used a rodent model of perinatal nicotine exposure and cell culture methods.

RESULTS:
We show that the AgtR1 (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) is upregulated in the carotid bodies of nicotine-exposed offspring. These changes were attributed to an upregulation of genetic promotion as DNA methylation of AgtR1 occurred within intron regions, exemplifying an upregulation of genetic transcription for this gene. Nicotine increased angiotensin signaling in vitro. CB reactivity to angiotensin was increased in perinatal nicotine-exposed offspring compared with control offspring. Furthermore, CB denervation reduced arterial pressure because of suppressed efferent sympathetic activity in perinatal nicotine-exposed offspring.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data demonstrate that perinatal nicotine exposure adversely affects CB afferent sensing, which augments efferent sympathetic activity to increase vasoconstrictor signaling and induce hypertension. Targeting angiotensin signaling in the carotid bodies may provide a way to alleviate hypertension acquired by adverse maternal uterine environments in general and perinatal nicotine exposure in particular.
Zur ostgermanischen Inschrift der Lanzenspitze von Kowel (Ukraine)
Authors: Schürr Diether 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The East Germanic inscription on the spearhead of Kowel is proposed to read tilaries, with early forms of the runes t and e. Then this is the earliest attestation of the loan of the Latin suffix -ārius by a Germanic language and an attestation of an East Germanic form older than the Biblical Gothic -areis. As a designation for a spear this is more plausible than a second part -rids or -riþs ‘rider’. The closed e of Kowel looks like an archaic Greek eta and may be indeed derived from it.
Establishment of reference intervals for estimated glomerular filtration rate in apparently healthy adults based on the full age spectrum equation: A single-centre study
Authors: Liu Qian , Hang Huan , Xu Tongdao , Zhang Yidi , Yang Fang , Wang Xizhen , Ren Yali , Yang Fumeng 
Published: December 2024

Background Identifying gender and age-related eGFR trends is crucial for precise renal function assessment. This study aims to analyse eGFR distribution with the full age spectrum (FAS) equation and establish reference intervals based on gender and age in a single-centre cohort. Methods Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria outlined in this study, a total of 24,024 reference individuals were ultimately selected. Using the approach recommended by the CLSI C28-A3 guidelines, we assessed the distribution of eGFR across different gender and age groups. The two-sided nonparametric method (P2.5–P97.5) was applied to establish the eGFR reference intervals for a healthy Chinese population. Results The eGFR levels in healthy adults exhibited a non-normally distributed pattern. Notably, there were significant differences in eGFR levels between males and females, with females showing a notably higher eGFR level than males. Additionally, eGFR levels demonstrated significant variations across different age groups within both male and female cohorts. As age increased, eGFR showed a significant decline, except in individuals aged 20–29 and 30–39 years. Therefore, reference intervals for eGFR were created based on both gender and age. Conclusions We established the reference interval for eGFR using the FAS equation, drawing from a large sample population at a single centre. This establishes a potential framework for evaluating renal function in healthy individuals and for diagnosing and treating kidney-related diseases.
Rehabilitation Patterns After Hospitalization: Results from a Danish Registry
Authors: Morsø Lars , Birk-Olsen Mette , Bogh Søren Bie 
Published: December 2024

Objective Conditions that could benefit from rehabilitation contribute to 310 million years of life lived with disability. Internationally rehabilitation could be part of the solution to the growing global disease burden. This register based study wanted to explore differences in patterns of rehabilitation among patients discharged from the hospital with a rehabilitation plan, explore rehabilitation initiation, and assess the activation of rehabilitation plans within legal requirements. Setting The study was conducted at Odense University Hospital in the Region of Southern Denmark Participants The study investigated acute contacts by utilising rehabilitation referrals, demographic and municipal data from Odense Municipality residents from 2015 to 2020. Main measures Descriptive statistics, logistic regressions, cox regression and cumulative incidence rate were used to explore rehabilitation the activation of rehabilitation plans. Results The cohort consisted of 225,653 hospital contacts. Overall, 10,327 (5%) received a rehabilitation plan. Contacts were more often female or had increased co-morbidity. Prescription increased with age and for ethnical Danes. Initiation of prescribed plans increased within the first weeks, levelling from 30 to 60 days. Delayed initiation of the rehabilitation plan beyond 30 days raised the likelihood of non-initiating altogether. Conclusions Although evidence acknowledges the benefits of rehabilitation, this study showed that more than 25% of all referred municipality rehabilitation plans were never initiated. If the initiation of a rehabilitation plan was delayed beyond 30 days, it significantly reduced the likelihood of initiation. Therefore, the international community need to keep focus on early rehabilitation and increase the use of rehabilitation in the future.
The effect of a coping training program on the burnout levels of ambulance staff during the COVID-19 pandemic; a clinical trial
Authors: Çelebi Ismet , Balci Elçin 
Published: December 2024

Backgraund Although there is a growing body of intervention research addressing the impact of burnout on healthcare professionals, few researchers have focused on the impact of burnout on emergency medical service staff. Objective This paper investigated the effect of a coping training program on the burnout levels of ambulance crew members during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The sample consisted of 90 ambulance crew members in Türkiye. A psychologist implemented the intervention (coping training program) for six hours. There was no significant difference in pretest Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) total and subscale scores between the experimental and control groups. Results The experimental group had a significantly higher mean pretest MBI “emotional exhaustion” subscale score than the posttest (25.5 ± 35.81) and follow-up (25.55 ± 16.51) scores (p = 0.048). Although the groups had lower mean follow-up MBI “emotional exhaustion” and “depersonalization” scores and higher mean follow-up MBI “personal accomplishment” scores, the difference was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Conclusions The intervention helped reduce ambulance crew members’ emotional exhaustion levels in the long term. However, although there was a decrease in depersonalization and an increase in personal accomplishment, the difference was statistically insignificant.