bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Chemical Compositions of Two Different Non-polar Extracts of Heliotropium sudanicum Aerial Parts from Sudan
Authors: El-Kamali Hatil H. , A. Tawfig Alaa , Kordofani Maha A. Y. 
Published: August 2019

Aim: Heliotropium (Boraginaceae) is a widely spread genus of plants found in the Central and Northern parts in the Sudan and used for the treatment of inflammations, and rheumatism from ancient times. The aim of this work is to provide answers to impending research questions on compounds present in petroleum ether and n-hexane extracts of the aerial parts of H. sudanicum.
Methodology: Phytochemical analysis of plant extracts was performed by using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer. Various constituents were identified after matching their mass fragmentation pattern with data available in Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer library of National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST).
Results: Petroleum ether extract of H. sudanicum was characterized by abundance of 1,6,10,14,18,22- Tetracosahexaen-3-ol, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (all-E)- (33.99%), Squalene (20.94%) , Phytol (7.62%) and Hexatriacontane (7.49%). The constituents of the extract were fatty acid derivatives (15.24%), hydrocarbons (8.41%) and terpenoids (28.56%). H. sudanicum n-hexane extract was characterized by abundance of 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-,methyl ester (15.14%), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (14.67%), Cholesterol (11.12%), Fucosterol (10.30%), gamma.-Sitosterol (9.59%) and1,6,10,14,18,22- Tetracosahexaen-3-ol, 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-, (all-E)- (7.73%).
Conclusion: The resulted compounds in this study provide evidence for the utilization of the plant as alternative natural resource of medicinal and industrial interest. To best of our knowledge this is the first report that directly compares the two extraction solvents for active compounds from Heliotropium sudanicum aerial parts shows that petroleum ether should be the solvent of choice.
Gross Hematuria and Prostatic Cancer in Libyan Patients
Authors: Elhony Abdsalme , El. Darat Tarik , Elkawafi Raouf , Ramse Walid , Alzaghad Adem Ibrahim , Sheriff Dhastagir Sultan 
Published: August 2019

Aim: Gross hematuria due to prostate cancer is an important clinical presentation and it is necessary to collect, analyze and determine certain criteria and data in the diagnosis and management of prostatic cancer. The aim of the present study is to find out the frequency of gross hematuria and to correlate it with gross hematuria and serum Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA).in prostatic cancer patients.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done in patients diagnosed with prostatic cancer in Hawari center for urology in Benghazi Libya from 2011 up to 2017. 60 cases were taken for the present study. The data such as age of the patient, first complaint such as gross hematuria, serum PSA levels, histopathology result, the types of therapy received (medical or surgical) were analyzed from these Libyan patients.
Results: 25 percent cases in the present study had gross hematuria and there was positive correlation between gross hematuria, serum PSA levels and Gleason score.
Conclusion: The result of this study indicate that the presentation of hematuria is not uncommon in prostate cancer. Therefore, it may be necessary to estimate serum PSA levels and do digital rectal examination (DRE) for men aged between 50-70 years old for early diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.
Graphene Modified Multifunctional Personal Protective Clothing
Authors: Bhattacharjee Shovon , Joshi Rakesh , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , Macintyre Chandini Raina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPersonal protective clothing is intended to protect the wearer from various hazards (mechanical, biological, chemical, thermal, radiological, etc.) and inhospitable environmental conditions that may cause harm or even death. There are various types of personal protective clothing, manufactured with different materials based on hazards and end user requirements. Conventional protective clothing has impediments such as high weight, bulky nature, lack of mobility, heat stress, low heat dissipation, high physical stress, diminishing dexterity, diminishing scope of vision, lack of breathability, and reduced protection against pathogens and hazards. By virtue of the superlative properties of graphene, fabrics modified with this material can be an effective means to overcome these limitations and to improve properties such as mechanical strength, antibacterial activity, flame resistance, conductivity, and UV resistance. The limitations of conventional personal protective equipment are discussed, followed by necessary measures which might be taken to improve personal protective equipment (PPE), the unique properties of graphene, methods of graphene incorporation in fabrics, and the current research status and potential of graphene‐modified performance textiles relevant to PPE.
Graphene Oxide Films Prepared Using Gelatin Nanofibers as Wearable Sensors for Monitoring Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Liu Yang , Meng Fanjin , Zhou Yingtang , Mugo Samuel M. , Zhang Qiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA gelatin nanofiber film that shows a failure tensile stress of 35 MPa, much stronger than conventional polyacrylamide hydrogels (<0.2 MPa), tough double network hydrogels (0.2–1.0 MPa), some engineering plastics such as polyethylene films (16 MPa) and polysulfones (1–10 MPa), is prepared by electrospinning. It is processed into a graphene oxide film, which exhibits high conductivity, via a high‐temperature treatment. A simple approach to prepare graphene oxide films using gelatin is provided. A highly sensitive and responsive wearable sensor is fabricated using the graphene oxide film, which is capable of sound recognition, apexcardiogram recording, and pulse spectrum measurement. The apexcardiogram is strongly associated with hemodynamic cardiac health, which reflects the cardiac process of ventricular contraction, blood ejection, diastole, semilunar valve open/close, atrioventricular valve valve open/close, etc. The developed cardiac sensor could be used to measure arterial stiffness index, a derivative of pulse spectrum, useful to evaluate artery walls stiffness and health status. Using the developed sensor, the detection result can be wirelessly relayed to mobile devices for personal cardiac health monitoring.
Complex patterns of grooming and sexual activity in Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus)
Authors: Lhota Stanislav , Roubová Veronika , Gregorová Vendula , Konečná Martina 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGrooming in primates is often considered a “currency” that can be exchanged for other “services” or “commodities” such as reciprocal grooming, coalitionary support, infant handling, tolerance around food sources, active food sharing, or mating opportunities. Previous studies on primate grooming‐for‐sex exchange viewed the males as the demanding class, with the females as suppliers of mating opportunities. In this study, we examine the broader context of grooming‐for‐mating exchange in Barbary macaques in Gibraltar. Our data show that Barbary macaque males groom females with whom they are mating more frequently and for longer periods than other females, and the relationship between grooming and mating remains significant in both sexual and nonsexual contexts. In addition, females groomed males with whom they were mating more frequently and for longer periods than other males. In both sexes, grooming was observed to be far more frequent and to occur for longer durations in sexual compared to nonsexual contexts. We did not find any difference in grooming behavior between presexual and postsexual contexts. Our data suggest that there is no simple model to describe Barbary macaque grooming patterns in sexual contexts. Although our results are partly consistent with male use of grooming as payment for mating, broadly assessed grooming‐mating patterns cannot be solely explained by a male‐driven grooming‐for‐mating exchange.
NIR‐II Driven Plasmon‐Enhanced Catalysis for a Timely Supply of Oxygen to Overcome Hypoxia‐Induced Radiotherapy Tolerance
Authors: Yang Yue , Chen Mei , Wang Bingzhe , Wang Peng , Liu Yongchun , Zhao Yan , Li Kun , Song Guosheng , Zhang Xiao‐Bing , Tan Weihong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHypoxia, as a characteristic feature of solid tumor, can significantly adversely affect the outcomes of cancer radiotherapy (RT), photodynamic therapy, or chemotherapy. In this study, a strategy is developed to overcome tumor hypoxia‐induced radiotherapy tolerance. Specifically, a novel two‐dimensional Pd@Au bimetallic core–shell nanostructure (TPAN) was employed for the sustainable and robust production of O2 in long‐term via the catalysis of endogenous H2O2. Notably, the catalytic activity of TPAN could be enhanced via surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect triggered by NIR‐II laser irradiation, to enhance the O2 production and thereby relieve tumor hypoxia. Thus, TPAN could enhance radiotherapy outcomes by three aspects: 1) NIR‐II laser triggered SPR enhanced the catalysis of TPAN to produce O2 for relieving tumor hypoxia; 2) high‐Z element effect arising from Au and Pd to capture X‐ray energy within the tumor; and 3) TPAN affording X‐ray, photoacoustic, and NIR‐II laser derived photothermal imaging, for precisely guiding cancer therapy, so as to reduce the side effects from irradiation.
Dearomatization of Electron‐Deficient Phenols to ortho‐Quinones: Bidentate Nitrogen‐Ligated Iodine(V) Reagents
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Greenwood Nathaniel S. , Wengryniuk Sarah E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite their broad utility, the synthesis of ortho‐quinones remains a significant challenge, in particular, access to electron‐deficient derivatives remains an unsolved problem. Reported here is the first general method for the synthesis of electron‐deficient ortho‐quinones by direct oxidation of phenols. The reaction is enabled by a novel bidentate nitrogen‐ligated iodine(V) reagent, a previously unexplored class of compounds which we have termed Bi(N)‐HVIs. The reaction is extremely general and proceeds with excellent regioselectivity for the ortho over para isomer. Functionalization of the ortho‐quinone products was examined, resulting in a facile one‐pot synthesis of catechols, as well as the incorporation of a variety of heteroatom nucleophiles. This method represents the first synthetic application of Bi(N)‐HVIs and demonstrates their potential as a platform for the further development of highly reactive, but also highly tunable, I(V) reagents.
Hochfester Aufbeton zur Tragwerksverstärkung
Authors: Randl Norbert , Steiner Martin , Peyerl Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn Kleinkörper‐ und Bauteilversuchen mit unterschiedlichen Prüfkörperformen und Test‐Setups wurde das Verbundtragverhalten in Fugen zwischen höherfestem Aufbeton (HSC) und normalfestem Altbeton (NSC) untersucht. Der Fokus lag hierbei auf der adhäsiven Verbundschubfestigkeit. In der 1. Versuchsserie wurden ausschließlich Kleinkörper getestet. Die Untersuchung des Bauteiltragverhaltens (Teil 2) stand in der 2. Versuchsserie im Vordergrund und ergänzend zur Absicherung der Ergebnisse der 1. Versuchsserie wurden weitere Kleinkörperversuche mit einer verbesserten Rezeptur (bessere Verarbeitbarkeit und Festigkeitserhöhung) des HSC durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden Kleinkörper mit Normalaufbeton zum Vergleich hergestellt. Die Ergebnisse der Kleinkörper – für sich betrachtet – zeigten ein konsistentes Bild mit relativ geringen Streuungen innerhalb einer Prüfkörperform und Rauigkeitskategorie. Die geänderte und verbesserte Betonrezeptur spiegelt sich in den Ergebnissen wider. Insgesamt wurden mit dem hochfesten Aufbeton deutlich höhere Verbundfestigkeitswerte erzielt als mit normalfestem Beton.
Therapeutic effects of Crocin in autoimmune diseases: A review
Authors: Korani Shahla , Korani Mitra , Sathyapalan Thozhukat , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe immune system when acts against selfmolecules results in an imbalance in immunologic tolerance leading to the development of several autoimmune diseases (ADs) such as rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, ulcerative colitis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Improved recognition of the mechanisms of ADs has led to the advancement of the management of these diseases. The principal mediators of ADs are inflammatory molecules. The herbal medicines due to their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties have an important role in the management of ADs. Crocin is the principal chemical component extracted from saffron, which is a medicinal plant. This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of Crocin in various ADs.
Combined dissolved oxygen tension and online viscosity measurements in shake flask cultivations via infrared fluorescent oxygen‐sensitive nanoparticles
Authors: Ladner Tobias , Flitsch David , Lukacs Mihaly , Sieben Michaela , Büchs Jochen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOxygen supply is one of the most critical process parameters in aerobic cultivations. To assure sufficient oxygen supply, shake flasks are usually used in combination with orbital shaking machines. In this study, a measurement technique for the dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) in shake flask cultures with viscosity changes is presented. The movement of the shaker table is monitored by means of a Hall effect sensor. For DOT measurements, infrared fluorescent oxygen‐sensitive nanoparticles are added to the culture broth. The position of the rotating bulk liquid needs to be determined to assure measurements inside the liquid. The leading edge of the bulk liquid is detected based on the fluorescence signal intensity of the oxygen‐sensitive nanoparticles. Furthermore, online information about the viscosity of the culture broth is acquired due to the detection of the position of the leading edge of the bulk liquid relative to the direction of the centrifugal force, as described by Sieben et al. (2019. Sci. Rep., 9, 8335). The DOT measurement is combined with a respiration activity monitoring system which allows for the determination of the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) in eight parallel shake flasks. Based on DOT and OTR, the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) is calculated during cultivation. The new system was successfully applied in cultivations of Escherichia coli, Bacillus licheniformis, and Xanthomonas campestris.
Light‐inducible flux control of triosephosphate isomerase on glycolysis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Senoo Sachie , Tandar Sebastian Tommi , Kitamura Sayaka , Toya Yoshihiro , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn engineering tool for controlling flux distribution on metabolic pathways to an appropriate state is highly desirable in bioproduction. An optogenetic switch, which regulates gene expression by light illumination is an attractive on/off switchable system, and is a promising way for flux control with an external stimulus. We demonstrated a light‐inducible flux control between glycolysis and the methylglyoxal (MGO) pathway in Escherichia coli using a CcaS/CcaR system. CcaR is phosphorylated by green light and is dephosphorylated by red light. Phosphorylated CcaR induces gene expression under the cpcG2 promoter. The tpiA gene was expressed under the cpcG2 promoter in a genomic tpiA deletion strain. The strain was then cultured with glucose minimum medium under green or red light. We found that tpiA messenger RNA level under green light was four times higher than that under red light. The repression of tpiA expression led to a decrease in glycolytic flux, resulting in slower growth under red light (0.25 hr
−1) when compared to green light (0.37 hr
−1). The maximum extracellular MGO concentration under red light (0.2 mM) was higher than that under green light (0.05 mM). These phenotypes confirm that the MGO pathway flux was enhanced under red light.
Construction of pancreas–muscle–liver microphysiological system (MPS) for reproducing glucose metabolism
Authors: Lee Dong Wook , Lee Seung Hwan , Choi Nakwon , Sung Jong Hwan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough in vitro models are widely accepted experimental platforms, their physiological relevance is often severely limited. The limitation of current in vitro models is strongly manifested in case of diseases where multiple organs are involved, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organ‐on‐a‐chip technology, enable a closer approximation of the human organs and tissues, by recreating the tissue microenvironment. Multiorgan MPS, also known as multiorgan‐on‐a‐chip or body‐on‐a‐chip, offer the possibility of reproducing interactions between organs by connecting different organ modules. Here, we designed a three‐organ MPS consisting of pancreas, muscle, and liver, to recapitulate glucose metabolism and homeostasis by constructing a mathematical model of glucose metabolism, based on experimental measurement of glucose uptake by muscle cells and insulin secretion by pancreas cells. A mathematical model was used to modify the MPS to improve the physiological relevance, and by adding the liver model in the mathematical model, physiological realistic glucose and insulin profiles were obtained. Our study may provide a methodological framework for developing multiorgan MPS for recapitulating the complex interaction between multiple organs.
Potential synaptic plasticity‐based Shenzhiling oral liquid for a SAD Mouse Model
Authors: Wang Yahan , Wang Pengwen , Chen Fang , Lulu Mana , Huang Shuaiyang , Liu Zhenhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSynaptic plasticity is the basis of memory formation. The pathological manifestations of abnormal glucose metabolism in the nervous system of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) may affect synaptic plasticity, thus causing memory damage. As a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation, the mechanism by which Shenzhiling (SZL) oral liquid can alleviate the cognitive impairment of SAD by improving synaptic plasticity remains unclear. Objective: This article mainly discusses whether SZL can exert a protective synaptic effect as mediated by glutamate receptors and glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (GSK3β); further, it discusses whether SZL can improve cognitive function in SAD.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were used as a SAD model after injection with streptozotocin (STZ) into the bilateral lateral ventricles; mice of the same background were injected with artificial cerebrospinal fluid into bilateral ventricles and were used as a control group. After 3 months of exposure to the intervention, the step‐down test was carried out. Western blot was used to detect the levels of NMDAR2B, p‐NMDAR2B, mGlu5, GSK3β, and p‐GSK3β in the hippocampus of mice. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to observe the number of GSK3β‐positive cells in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampus.ResultsThe memory retention ability of mice was significantly improved after 3 months of SZL treatment, and the expression levels of NMDAR2B, mGlu5, and GSK3β were significantly changed.ConclusionShenzhiling provides a potential for the treatment for SAD with traditional Chinese medicine.
Melatonin ameliorates cuprizone‐induced reduction of hippocampal neurogenesis, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, and phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein in the mouse dentate gyrus
Authors: Kim Woosuk , Hahn Kyu Ri , Jung Hyo Young , Kwon Hyun Jung , Nam Sung Min , Kim Jong Whi , Park Joon Ha , Yoo Dae Young , Kim Dae Won , Won Moo‐Ho , Yoon Yeo Sung , Hwang In Koo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cuprizone on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in naïve mice. Additionally, we also studied how melatonin affects the neuronal degeneration induced by cuprizone.MethodsEight‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups: (a) the control group, (b) the group treated with cuprizone only, and (c) the group treated with both cuprizone and melatonin. Cuprizone was administered with food at 0.2% ad libitum for 6 weeks. Melatonin was also administered with tap water at 6 g/L ad libitum for 6 weeks; the animals were then euthanized for immunohistochemistry with Ki67, doublecortin (DCX), glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), and phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) response element binding (pCREB); double immunofluorescence of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and myelin basic protein (MBP); and Western blot analysis of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression to reveal the effects of cuprizone and melatonin on cell damage and hippocampal neurogenesis.ResultsAdministration of cuprizone significantly decreased the number of differentiating (DCX‐positive) neuroblasts and proliferating (Ki67‐positive) cells in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, cuprizone administration decreased glucose utilization (GLUT3‐positive cells) and cell transcription (pCREB‐positive cells and BDNF protein expression) in the dentate gyrus. Administration of melatonin ameliorated the cuprizone‐induced reduction of differentiating neuroblasts and proliferating cells, glucose utilization, and cell transcription.ConclusionThe results of the study suggest that cuprizone treatment disrupts hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus by reducing BDNF levels and decreasing the phosphorylation of CREB. These effects were ameliorated by melatonin treatment.
Rapid ventricular pacing during transcatheter valve procedures using an internal device and programmer: A demonstration of feasibility
Authors: Jones Brandon M. , Jobanputra Yash , Krishnaswamy Amar , Mick Stephanie , Bhargava Mandeep , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo develop a protocol for using a pre‐existing, permanent pacemaker or defibrillator device for rapid ventricular pacing during transcatheter valve procedures and demonstrate feasibility.BackgroundPlacement of a passive fixation, temporary pacemaker wire is considered routine during most transcatheter valve procedures to facilitate controlled or rapid ventricular pacing at the time of balloon expansion or valve deployment. Many patients presenting for such procedures have a pre‐existing, permanent pacemaker or defibrillator device which could be used for the same function, obviating the need for temporary pacemaker wire placement.MethodsWe developed a strategy for rapid pacing from the pre‐existing device using a programmer during transcatheter valve procedures in consecutive patients over a 3‐month period. Complications and clinical outcomes were recorded.ResultsThere were 135 transcatheter valve procedures performed during the study. Of these, 28 (20.7%) had pre‐existing devices (17 transcatheter aortic valve replacement, 3 aortic valve‐in‐valve, 2 mitral valve‐in‐valve, and 6 balloon aortic valvuloplasty). All patients underwent rapid ventricular pacing using a commercially available device programmer. There were no adverse events related to device pacing and no patients required placement of a temporary pacemaker wire during the procedure. At 30‐days follow‐up, there were no deaths, one major vascular complication related to arterial access, and one patient with renal failure requiring dialysis.ConclusionPacing from a commercially available device programmer is safe, feasible, and may reduce both procedural cost and complications such as cardiac tamponade by avoiding placement of a temporary pacemaker lead during transcatheter valve procedures.