bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast structural dynamics of doped silicate glasses in extreme environments
Authors: Madhavi Meera , Jangid Rahul , Yin Danqi , Smith Scott , Mehta Jugal , Cheng Yu Hsing , Rao Pooja , Doss Karan , Hauke Brittney , Gerace Katy , Jeppson Spencer , Botu Surya , Yousefi Saeed , Ocampo Ian , Kim Donghoon , Pandolfi Silvia , Cunningham Eric , Heimann Phil , Khaghani Dimitri , Lee Hae Ja , Spaulding Dylan , Mauro John , Gleason Arianna , Kukreja Roopali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Composition and network structure of doped silicate glasses can strongly dictate the material
properties including dynamic behavior in extreme conditions. The fundamental understanding of
the role of network structure and related atomic-scale mechanisms are crucial for a wide range of
phenomena including planetary interiors and formation, processes underpinning core-mantle boundary
dynamics, and high-performance glasses for military and aerospace applications. While the high
pressure-temperature phase diagram of pure silica has been widely studied, the behavior of compositionally
modified silicate glasses has been extrapolated based on pure silica, and direct evidence
based on structural measurements has been lacking. Using time-resolved x-ray diffraction and laserdriven
shock compression, we directly resolved nanosecond structural dynamics in silicate glasses
doped with network forming cations (borosilicate glass) and network modifying cations (soda-lime
glass). From 40 to 60 GPa, distinct polymorphic behavior strongly dependent on network structure
is observed. Borosilicate glass undergoes polymorphic phase transitions with crystal symmetry
strongly dependent on the pressure, while soda-lime glass undergoes modification of coordination
number but no change in global crystal symmetry. Above 70 GPa, the responses of both glasses are
independent of the network structure with a resultant diaplectic (shocked-produced densified) glass
phase. These results establish novel and complex phase diagram of doped silicate glasses from 40
to 312 GPa.
Scaling Geochronologies
Authors: Lovejoy Shaun , Davies Rhisiart , Spiridonov Andrej , Hebert Raphaël , Lambert Fabrice 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Much of our knowledge of the Earth’s past is gleaned by interpreting varying layers in outcrops, cores drilled through lake and ocean sediments, and sheets of rock and ice. These were laid down under highly variable conditions and their stratigraphy generally include gaps of all sizes1. Since erosion, sedimentation, aggradation, denudation and progradation rates of sediment sources and sinks operate over wide ranges of scale2, the simplest hypothesis is that they are scaling in accord with scaling Holocene and Quaternary climate records3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13. In this study, we analyze chronologies and proxies from records spanning the Holocene, Quaternary, and Phanerozoic, focusing on the measurement density, the number of measurements per unit time, that we quantitatively characterize in a multifractal framework. This density is a new and distinct multi-scale proxy that can be used to understand the evolution of Earth’s system history. Implicitly, it includes information on the absence of evidence, thus – paradoxically - providing positive information about the structure of non-recorded history, a significant phenomenon that can be quantified in its own right. We also analyze the scaling of the probability distributions of the inter - measurement time intervals and show that completeness of the records decreases with the number of measurements, thus quantitatively explaining the Sadler effect14,15,16,2,17.
Privacy Preserving Activity Recognition Framework for High Performance Smart Systems
Authors: Zamil Mohammed GH. I. AL , Samarah Samer M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Remote recognition of human activities has revolutionized the healthcare industry by enabling smart monitoring of patients at their residents. However, such systems often expose sensitive data, making them vulnerable to breaches. Preserving data confidentiality is a problem that remains underexplored in smart activity recognition, despite its important in preserving patients’ privacy. This paper aims to develop an optimized feature augmentation technique using fractional derivatives to increase data uncertainty for improved confidentiality, while maintaining acceptable classification accuracy. A key challenge in this domain is the balancing of privacy and performance. To achieve this goal, the proposed framework utilizes multilayer perceptron neural networks that are used to embed multiple modalities of data and integrate them into a coherent structure. Validation was performed using five state-of-the-art classification techniques to measure the performance of the proposed framework in terms of classification accuracy and data confidentiality. The results elevate the potential of the proposed methodology to enable quality healthcare services in terms of confidentiality and performance.
Transformer-based Travel Time Estimation Method for Plateau and Mountainous Environments
Authors: Qu Guangjun , Zhou Kefa , Wang Rui , Li Dong , Lu Yingpeng , Lv Zhihong , Zhao Dequan , Zhang Aijun , Zhang Qing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Current research and applications on travel time estimation primarily concentrate on urban scenarios and are unable to fulfil the necessary criteria in regions characterized by plateau and mountainous topography. In this study, a set of terrain-weather features, comprising attributes of terrain and weather, was devised to reflect the factors influencing the travel time in such settings, catering for predicating travel times in those environments. A Transformer-based travel time estimation model was developed, which can improve the estimation accuracy in paths with extensive trajectory points by leveraging the long-distance dependency capture capabilities. A meta-learning strategy was employed to enhance the model's generalization ability and ensure its applicability to accurate estimation in a range of challenging environments. The experimental results substantiated the superior performance and applicability of the proposed method and demonstrated that it is capable of meeting the travel time estimation requirements in complex environments.
Disruption of CPSF6 enhances cellular permissivity to HIV-1 infection through alternative polyadenylation
Authors: Hultquist Judd , Cornish Daphne , Jackson-Jones Kathryn , Ling-Hu Ted , Simons Lacy , Cisneros William , Kuffour Edmund , Agnes Francesca , Lee Yujin , Bieniasz Paul , Lorenzo-Redondo Ramon 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) relies upon a broad array of host factors in order to replicate and evade the host antiviral response1. Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6) is one such host factor that is recruited by incoming HIV-1 cores to regulate trafficking2, nuclear import3-5, uncoating6, and integration site selection4,6-11. Despite these well-described roles, the impact of CPSF6 perturbation on HIV-1 infectivity varies considerably by cell type. Here, we report that CPSF6 knock-out in primary CD4+ T cells leads to increased permissivity to HIV-1 infection due to broad transcriptional reprogramming. Knock-out of CPSF6 results in widespread differential gene expression, including downregulation of genes involved in the innate immune response and enhanced expression of the HIV-1 co-receptors. Accordingly, these cells are less responsive to interferon and express lower levels of antiretroviral restriction factors, including TRIM5α. These transcriptional changes are linked to global shortening of mRNA 3’ untranslated regions (UTRs) through alternative polyadenylation (APA), which is triggered by disruption of the CPSF6-containing Cleavage Factor Im (CFIm) complex12,13. Furthermore, we find that recruitment of CPSF6 by HIV-1 cores is sufficient to perturb CPSF6 function, leading to 3’ UTR shortening and subsequent transcriptional rewiring. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 transcriptionally reprograms CD4+ T cells through recruitment of CPSF6 to circumvent the innate immune response and enhance permissivity to infection.
Numerical simulations and experimental analysis of high-speed turnout rails wear models
Authors: Li Jincheng , Qi Yayun , Wu Hao , Zhong Hao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study analyzed different contact theories and models for simulating rail wear in the turnout areas. The typical cross-sections of the high-speed turnout switch and frog areas are selected. Normal and tangential contact models of wheel-rail are compared. A vehicle-turnout coupling dynamic model is developed in the turnout area considering the actual rail profile, the continuous traction force, and the running resistance. In addition, different wear models, update steps, wear superposition, and filtering methods are investigated in the turnout area. A simulation program in the turnout area for rail wear damage is established and compared with experimental data. The results demonstrate that the normal Half-Hertz model and the tangential Half-Hertz-based FASTSIM algorithm suit the wheel-rail contact in the turnout area. The wear model based on wear work is selected for simulating wear in the turnout area with a updating wear step size of 0.05 mm. The proposed model provides accurate rail wear values in the turnout area compared to the traditional models.
Influence of Zn/Co ratio and calcination temperature on the visible light-driven photoelectrocatalytic properties of ZnCoIn-LDOs for the reduction of Cr(VI)
Authors: Wang Junxiang , Wang Xu , Zhou Xindong , He Qingming , Li Ruoyun , Li Penghui , Guo Lin , Duan Haodong , Yang Hui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

A series of ZnCoIn-LDOs were successfully prepared by the calcination of ZnCoIn-LDHs precursors under different Zn/Co ratios and temperatures. The composition, structure and visible light response of the composites were systematically investigated. Photoelectric catalytic performance test showed that the optimal Zn/Co/In ratio and calcination temperature were 2:1:1 and 550 °C, respectively. After 100 minutes of photoelectrocatalytic reaction under simulated sunlight exposure, Cr(VI) conversion rate reached 100%. According to the characterization of ZnCoIn-LDOs, it was revealed that the composites had typical p-n heterojunction structure which was beneficial for the transfer and transmission of photogenerated electrons and suppressing the complexation of electron-hole pairs effectively. In addition, appropriate Zn/Co/In ratio and calcination temperature significantly reduced the forbidden band width of the composites and thus improved the electron leap and the photocatalytic performance on the reduction of Cr(VI). Finally, a possible mechanism for the reduction of Cr(VI) was proposed by free radical analysis. It can be concluded that ·H plays an important role in the catalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in solution. In summary, the present work provides a promising method for the preparation of efficient photocatalytic electrode using ZnCoIn-LDOs, which can be used in photoelectrocatalytic reduction field.
Association Between Dexmedetomidine Use and Outcomes in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Sepsis: A Cohort Study
Authors: Su Chunxia , Mao Xiaoyu , Li Mengqian , Li Zhisong , Xia Li 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Sepsis is a fatal illness worldwide, particularly in the intensive care unit(ICU), and effective treatments for sepsis are currently scarce. The sedative medicine dexmedetomidine(DEX) has been found to reduce mortality in septic rats. Nevertheless, the association between DEX and mortality in septic patients remains disputed. We aimed to assess the relationship between the two. In this cohort study, We included patients with sepsis from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-Ⅳ database between 2008 and 2019. The primary outcome was overall in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were 30-day mortality and length of hospital stay (hospital LOS). We used multivariable Cox regression and propensity score analyses to obtain an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence. A total of 22633 sepsis patients were included, of whom 51.53% were female. DEX use was associated with lower overall in-hospital mortality [12.8% vs. 15.7%,HR 0.55; P < 0.001], reduced 30-day mortality [14.1% vs. 19.7%,HR 0.51;P < 0.001], and longer hospital LOS [13.7 d vs. 7.7 d,HR 6.51; P < 0.001]. The results are consistent across sensitivity and subgroup analyses, as well as propensity score matching. DEX use may be linked to decreased risk-adjusted mortality in sepsis patients. Additional clinical research is needed to confirm and validate this connection.
Cannabidiol attenuates lipid metabolism and induces CB1 receptor-mediated ER stress associated apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Fu Xuanhe , Yu Zhixiong , Fang Fang , Zhou Weiping , Bai Yuxin , Jiang Zhongjia , Yang Biao , Sun Ye , Tian Xing , Liu Guangyan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most deadly gynecological tumor. OC cells utilize cellular metabolic reprogramming to gain a survival advantage, particularly through aberrant lipid metabolic process. As the primary ingredient in exogenous cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to exert anticancer effects in several cancers. However, it is still unclear whether CBD can disrupt fatty acid metabolism and induce apoptosis in OC cells. In this study, we have demonstrated that CBD significantly inhibits the proliferation of OCs through a dependence on cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R). Lipidomics and flow cytometry analysis revealed that CBD has the ability to decrease fatty acid levels and significantly suppress the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid uptake and synthesis in ES-2 cells. In addition, the analysis from RNA-seq and real-time RT-PCR revealed that CBD activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Conversely, by supplementation with unsaturated fatty acid or blocking CB1R, ER stress or reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals with specific inhibitors could significantly relieve CBD induced a dose-dependent ER stress associated apoptosis, G0-G1 phase arrest, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Taken collectively, these data indicate that CBD may disrupt lipid metabolism, and lead to ER stress-related apoptosis in OCs. Our findings may provide a theoretical mechanism for anti-ovarian cancer using CBD.
Interface Engineering to Regulate Oxidation Dynamics of Supported Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yong , Chen Shiyuan , Zhang Kai , Shao Bo , Zeng Chaobin , Yuan Wentao , Yang Hangsheng , Han Zhong-Kang , Jiang Ying , Zhang Ze 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Understanding the oxidation of metal nanoparticles is crucial for various applications, particularly in heterogeneous catalysis, such as catalytic oxidation reactions where metal nanoparticles are typically dispersed on supports. However, the dynamics of interactionbetween nanoparticlesand oxygen, especiallyunder the influence of supporting materials,remain poorly understood, significantly hindering the precise comprehension and regulation of nanoparticle oxidation dynamics. Here, we elucidate two distinct oxidation dynamics in supported nanoparticles using aberration-corrected environmental (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (E(S)TEM) and first-principles calculations, i.e. preferential self-adaptive oxidation initiating at the nanoparticle-support interface, where the supports facilitate the oxidation process, and surface oxidation, where the supports inhibit oxidation. The interface energy gap before and after oxidation of the nanoparticles plays a dominant role in determining the oxidation dynamics, as established through systematic calculations involving approximately one hundred combinations and corroborated by experimental validations. This gap serves as a key indicator for developing a straightforward strategy through interface engineering to regulate both self-adaptive and surface oxidation processes. A large interface energy gap promotes self-adaptive oxidation, leading to the formation of epitaxial interface oxides regardless of the historical configurations of metal nanoparticles, whereas a small gap favors surface oxidation and inhibits interface oxidation. This work highlights the diversity of interface-determined oxidation behaviorsand offersa general strategy for the regulation of oxidation dynamics of supported nanoparticles under identical conditions.
Mapping Mental Health Support and Suicide Risk: A Markov Model Approach
Authors: Kuriyakose Delna , M Gowsalya 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background: Suicide remains a significant public health challenge, accounting for approximately 1.4% of all deaths globally. Alarmingly, individuals who report having no friends exhibit a prevalence of distress and mental health struggles that is over 3.5 times greater than those with a robust network of close friends for support.
Methods: This study presents a Markov chain model designed to explore the dynamics of mental health recovery and the associated risks of suicide, specifically focusing on the transition roles of peer support, professional support, and self-support. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by adjusting transition probabilities to simulate the impacts of increased awareness and access to peer-support interventions.
Results: The findings suggest that enhancing awareness of self-support strategies by approximately 15% is associated with a 0.68% reduction in the suicide rate. Conversely, merely expanding access to self-support services did not yield any observable effects on suicide rates. Furthermore, first passage time (FPT) analysis revealed that peer support facilitates the most rapid recovery,followed by self-support and professional support.A heat map has been employed to further illustrate these findings using python, underscoring the superior efficiency of peer support in expediting recovery.
Conclusion: These results emphasize the urgent need to enhance awareness initiatives and integrate peer support into mental health care strategies to improve recovery outcomes and mitigate suicide risk.
Suicidal ideation in older adults in nursing homes: impact of depression, perceived social support and cognitive impairment
Authors: Redondo Rita , Pinazo-Clapés Carolina , García Carmen Lizandra , Pinazo-Hernandis Sacramento , Checa Irene , Mayordomo Teresa , Sales Alicia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction. Suicide increases with age; the rate of death by suicide in people over 70 years of age is twice that of people aged 15-49. Currently 30.96% of the population over 64 years of age have functional limitations and perceived social support decreases significantly at this stage. Exposure to these factors appears to be exacerbated in people living in residential care, yet research remains scarce. We analysed suicidal ideation and associated factors such as depression, perceived social support, cognitive decline and functional limitations in older adults living in nursing homes.
Methods. Multicentre study of 126 participants aged over 65 years, mean age is 81.35 years (SD= 9.31) and 65.6% are women.
Results. Suicidal ideation was found in 57.1% of the participants. Depression, low social support and the presence of mild cognitive impairment were associated with the presence of suicidal ideation in older people living in nursing homes.
Discussion. The results obtained highlight the need to focus the dynamics and interventions in nursing homes on emotional aspects, which can help prevent and even detect suicidal ideation and suicidal behaviour.
The role of teacher conceptions of climate change in climate change education: Insights from Indonesian upper-secondary teachers
Authors: Tang Kelvin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study examines the conceptions of climate change among Indonesian upper-secondary teachers and their impact on the willingness to implement climate change education. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research identifies key factors influencing teacher engagement, including attitudes, self-efficacy, and situational support. Findings indicate that a positive attitude towards climate change is the strongest predictor of willingness to act, with cognitive factors influencing this willingness indirectly through affective dimensions and self-efficacy. Despite teachers’ awareness of climate change, significant gaps in actual knowledge and persistent misconceptions highlight the need for improved training and resources. The emotional responses of teachers, marked by both concern and mixed hope, complicate implementation efforts. This study underscores the importance of supportive environments that enhance teachers’ confidence and provide actionable pathways for effective climate change instruction, aiming to inform policymakers and educational leaders in enhancing climate change education in Indonesia.
Cell lines and primary cultures uses for vaccine development for Bacterial pathogens of fish: a systematic review
Authors: Salinas-Parra Nicolás , Torrealba Débora , Ahumada Andrea , Gallardo-Matus José 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Global fish aquaculture faces severe challenges due to outbreaks of pathogenic bacteria, which cause diseases resultingin high fish mortality rates and significantly impactproduction, sector economics, and environmental and social stability. One prominent approach to combat these diseases and reduce mortality involves vaccine development. Cell lines and primary cultures providea straightforwardand economicalmodel to evaluatevaccine efficacy. This study systematically reviewsthe use of cell lines and primary cultures in vaccinedevelopment for bacterial pathogens affecting fish. We conducted asystematic literature search across Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases followingPRISMA guidelines. Out of an initial1,123 studies published up to August 2024 screened for eligibility, only 24 met the criteria for inclusion based on relevanceto vaccine development for bacterial fish pathogens. Our review identified16 cell lines and four primary cultures with potential applications for vaccine development in fish species such as rainbow trout, olive flounder, grass carp, Asian seabass (barramundi), Atlantic salmon, and tilapia. Keyapplications of cell lines and primary culturesin vaccine development involve immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects (9/24; 37.5%), cytotoxicity testing (8/24; 33.3%), and DNA vaccine fabrication via transfection (6/24; 25%). However, our findings reveal limited availability of cell lines in biobanks, which hampers result reproducibility. We conclude that,despite the high potential of cell lines and primary cultures for vaccine development, these models are established as routine tools in only a few fish species.
LEAF-Net: A Unified Framework for Leaf Extraction and Analysis in Multi-Crop Phenotyping Using YOLOv11
Authors: Khan Ameer Tamoor , Jensen Signe Marie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Accurate leaf segmentation and counting are critical for advancing crop phenotyping and improving breeding programs in agriculture. This study evaluates YOLOv11-based models for automated leaf detection and segmentation across spring barley, spring wheat, winter wheat, winter rye, and winter triticale. The key focus is assessing whether a unified model trained on a combined multi-crop dataset can outperform crop-specific models. Results show that the unified model achieves superior performance in bounding box tasks, with mAP@50 exceeding 0.85 for spring crops and above 0.7 for winter crops. Segmentation tasks, however, reveal mixed results, with individual models occasionally excelling in recall for winter crops. These findings highlight the benefits of dataset diversity in improving generalization, while emphasizing the need for larger annotated datasets to address variability in real-world conditions. This highlights that while the combined dataset improves generalization, the unique characteristics of individual crops may still benefit from specialized training. This work demonstrates the potential of AI-driven models to advance automated phenotyping for large-scale precision agriculture.