bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superconductivity from valley fluctuations and approximate SO(4) symmetry in a weak coupling theory of twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: You Yi-Zhuang , Vishwanath Ashvin 
Published: April 2019

AbstarctThe recent discovery of the Mott insulating and superconducting phases in twisted bilayer graphene has generated tremendous research interest. Here, we develop a weak coupling approach to the superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene, starting from the Fermi liquid regime. A key observation is that near half filling, the fermiology consists of well nested Fermi pockets derived from opposite valleys, leading to enhanced valley fluctuation, which in turn can mediate superconductivity. This scenario is studied within the random phase approximation. We find that inter-valley electron pairing with either chiral (d + id mixed with p−ip) or helical form factor is the dominant instability. An approximate SO(4) spin-valley symmetry implies a near degeneracy of spin-singlet and triplet pairing. On increasing interactions, commensurate inter-valley coherence wave (IVCW) order can arise, with simultaneous condensation at the three M points in the Brillouin Zone, and a 2 × 2 pattern in real space. In simple treatments though, this leads to a full gap at fillings ± (1/2 + 1/8), slightly away from half-filling. The selection of spin-singlet or spin triplet orders, both for the IVCW and the superconductor, arise fcase corresponds to the Hundsrom SO(4) symmetry breaking terms. Mott insulators derived from phase fluctuating superconductors are also discussed, which exhibit both symmetry protected and intrinsic topological orders.
Unconventional spin-phonon coupling via the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Son Jaeseok , Park Byung Cheol , Kim Choong H. , Cho Hwanbeom , Kim So Yeun , Sandilands Luke J. , Sohn Changhee , Park Je-Geun , Moon Soon Jae , Noh Tae Won 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSpin-phonon coupling (SPC) plays a critical role in numerous intriguing phenomena of transition metal oxides (TMOs). In 3d and 4d TMOs, the coupling between spin and lattice degrees of freedom is known to originate from the exchange interaction. On the other hand, the origin of SPC in 5d TMOs remains to be elucidated. To address this issue, we measured the phonon spectra of the 5d pyrochlore iridate Y2Ir2O7 using optical spectroscopy. Three infrared-active phonons soften below the Néel temperature of TN ≈ 170 K, indicating the existence of strong SPC. Simulations using density functional theory showed that the coupling is closely related to the Ir–O–Ir bond angle. A tight-binding model analysis reveals that this SPC is mainly mediated by the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction rather than the usual exchange interaction. We suggest that such unconventional SPC may be realized in other 5d TMOs with non-collinear magnetic order.
A multi-species repository of social networks
Authors: Sah Pratha , Méndez José David , Bansal Shweta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSocial network analysis is an invaluable tool to understand the patterns, evolution, and consequences of sociality. Comparative studies over a range of social systems across multiple taxonomic groups are particularly valuable. Such studies however require quantitative social association or interaction data across multiple species which is not easily available. We introduce the Animal Social Network Repository (ASNR) as the first multi-taxonomic repository that collates 790 social networks from more than 45 species, including those of mammals, reptiles, fish, birds, and insects. The repository was created by consolidating social network datasets from the literature on wild and captive animals into a consistent and easy-to-use network data format. The repository is archived at https://bansallab.github.io/asnr/. ASNR has tremendous research potential, including testing hypotheses in the fields of animal ecology, social behavior, epidemiology and evolutionary biology.
Altered cognitive control network is related to psychometric and biochemical profiles in covert hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Tsai Chia-Fen , Tu Pei-Chi , Wang Yen-Po , Chu Chi-Jen , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Lin Han-Chieh , Hou Ming-Chih , Lee Fa-Yauh , Liu Pei-Yi , Lu Ching-Liang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe cognitive control network (CCN) is a network responsible for multiple executive functions, which are impaired in covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE). We aimed to use functional connectivity (FC) magnetic resonance imaging to test the hypothesis that CHE manifested with disconnection within the CCN, which is associated with impaired neuropsychiatric and biochemical profiles. CHE was detected with abnormally low psychometric hepatic encephalopathy scores (PHES) (total cut-off score <−4). Two seeds in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were used to calculate the FC map within the CCN. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the CCN and psychometric, biochemical profiles including ammonia, Interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Eighteen CHE, 36 non-HE (NHE) cirrhotic patients and 36 controls were studied. Significant differences in FC were noted among groups, which revealed CHE patients had a lower FC in the bilateral lateral occipital cortex (seed in the bilateral dACC) and in the right lateral occipital and precuneus cortices (seed in the left DLPFC) (P < 0.05, corrected) compared with NHE. Progressively decreased FC in the left precentral gyrus within the CCN was noted from control, NHE to CHE. PHES positively and biochemistry negatively correlated with FC in the CCN. In conclusion, CHE patients showed aberrant FC within the CCN which is correlated with both cognitive dysfunction and biochemical profiles. Ammonia and pro-inflammatory cytokines may contribute to the occurrence of aberrant connectivity. Impaired FC within the CCN may serve as a complementary biomarker for CHE.
Raman spectroscopy on live mouse early embryo while it continues to develop into blastocyst in vitro
Authors: Perevedentseva Elena , Krivokharchenko Alexander , Karmenyan Artashes V. , Chang Hsin-Hou , Cheng Chia-Liang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLaser based spectroscopic methods can be versatile tools in investigating early stage mammalian embryo structure and biochemical processes in live oocytes and embryos. The limiting factor for using the laser methods in embryological studies is the effect of laser irradiation on the ova. The aim of this work is to explore the optimal parameters of the laser exposure in Raman spectroscopic measurements applicable for studying live early embryos in vitro without impacting their developmental capability. Raman spectra from different areas of mouse oocytes and 2-cells embryos were measured and analyzed. The laser power and exposure time were varied and further embryo development was evaluated to select optimal conditions of the measurements. This work demonstrates safe laser irradiation parameters can be selected, which allow acquisition of Raman spectra suitable for further analysis without affecting the early mouse embryo development in vitro up to morphologically normal blastocyst. The estimation of living embryo state is demonstrated via analysis and comparison of the spectra from fertilized embryo with the spectra from unfertilized oocytes or embryos subjected to UV laser irradiation. These results demonstrate the possibility of investigating preimplantation mammalian embryo development and estimating its state/quality. It will have potential in developing prognosis of mammalian embryos in assisted reproductive technologies.
Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell extracts ameliorate atopic dermatitis in mice by reducing the T cell responses
Authors: Song Ji-young , Kang Hyo Jeong , Ju Hyun Min , Park Arum , Park Hyojung , Hong Joon Seok , Kim Chong Jai , Shim Jae-Yoon , Yu Jinho , Choi Jene 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) have immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to explore whether extracts of MSCs (MSC-Ex) could augment the low therapeutic efficacy of the whole cells in an Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) model. LPS- or TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were treated with MSC-Ex, and the Af-induced AD model was established in BALB/c mice. In HaCaT cells, MSC-Ex treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5 and TNF-α), iNOS and NF-κB levels, and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1). In the AD mice, the MSC-Ex group showed greatly reduced dermatitis, and lower clinical symptom scores and IgE levels. The histological dermatitis scores were also markedly lower in the MSC-Ex-treated animals compared with the MSC-treated group. Decreased levels of IFN-γ (Th1) and IL-17 (Th17), IL-4 and IL-13 (Th2) were detected in T cells and the skin tissue from the MSC-Ex treated AD mice. The therapeutic capacity of MSC-Ex was preserved after lyophilization and reconstitution. MSC-Ex treatment reproducibly suppresses dermatitis and inhibits the induction of inflammatory cytokines in the skin of AD mice. MSC-Ex is therefore a potential new treatment agent for AD.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Hexagonal and Cubic Phase AlGaInN Alloys Investigated Using First Principles Calculations
Authors: Tsai Y.-C. , Bayram C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStructural and electronic properties of hexagonal (h-) and cubic (c-) phase AlGaInN quaternary alloys are investigated using a unified and accurate local-density approximation-1/2 approach under the density-functional theory framework. Lattice bowing parameters of h- (and c-) phase AlGaN, AlInN, InGaN, and AlGaInN alloys are extracted as 0.006 (−0.007), 0.040 (−0.015), 0.014 (−0.011), and −0.082 (0.184) Å, respectively. Bandgap bowing parameters of h- (and c-) phase AlGaN, AlInN, InGaN, and AlGaInN alloys are extracted as 1.775 (0.391), 3.678 (1.464), 1.348 (1.164), and 1.236 (2.406) eV, respectively. Direct-to-indirect bandgap crossover Al mole fractions for c-phase AlGaN and AlInN alloys are determined to be 0.700 and 0.922, respectively. Under virtual crystal approximation, electron effective masses of h- and c-phase AlGaInN alloys are extracted and those of c-phase alloys are observed to be smaller than those of the h-phase alloys. Overall, c-phase AlGaInN alloys are shown to have fundamental material advantages over the h-phase alloys such as smaller bandgaps and smaller effective masses, which motivate their applications in light emitting- and laser diodes.
Study on the Lateral Carrier Diffusion and Source-Drain Series Resistance in Self-Aligned Top-Gate Coplanar InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors
Authors: Hong Sae-Young , Kim Hee-Joong , Kim Dae-Hwan , Jeong Ha-Yun , Song Sang-Hun , Cho In-Tak , Noh Jiyong , Yun Pil Sang , Lee Seok-Woo , Park Kwon-Shik , Yoon SooYoung , Kang In Byeong , Kwon Hyuck-In 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigated the lateral distribution of the equilibrium carrier concentration (n0) along the channel and the effects of channel length (L) on the source-drain series resistance (Rext) in the top-gate self-aligned (TG-SA) coplanar structure amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The lateral distribution ofn0across the channel was extracted using the paired gate-to-source voltage (VGS)-based transmission line method and the temperature-dependent transfer characteristics obtained from the TFTs with differentLs.n0abruptly decreased with an increase in the distance from the channel edge near the source/drain junctions; however, much smaller gradient ofn0was observed in the region near the middle of the channel. The effect ofLon theRextin the TG-SA coplanar a-IGZO TFT was investigated by applying the drain current-conductance method to the TFTs with variousLs. The increase ofRextwas clearly observed with an increase inLespecially at lowVGSs, which was possibly attributed to the enhanced carrier diffusion near the source/drain junctions due to the larger gradient of the carrier concentration in the longer channel devices. Because the lateral carrier diffusion and the relatively highRextare the critical issues in the TG-SA coplanar structure-based oxide TFTs, the results in this work are expected to be useful in further improving the electrical performance and uniformity of the TG-SA coplanar structure oxide TFTs.
Tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene (TFG) regulates lipid production in human sebocytes
Authors: Choi So-Ra , Hwang Yul-Lye , Kim Soo Jung , Sohn Kyung-Cheol , Choi Chong Won , Park Kyung Duck , Lee Young , Seo Young-Joon , Lee Jeung-Hoon , Hong Seung-Phil , Seo Seong Jun , Kim Seong-Jin , Kim Chang Deok 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle in which important cellular events such as protein synthesis and lipid production occur. Although many lipid molecules are produced in the ER, the effect of ER-organizing proteins on lipid synthesis in sebocytes has not been completely elucidated. Tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene (TFG) is located in ER exit sites and participates in COPII-coated vesicle formation along with many scaffold proteins, such as Sec. 13 and Sec. 16. In this study, we investigated the putative role of TFG in lipid production in sebocytes using an immortalized human sebocyte line. During IGF-1-induced lipogenesis, the level of the TFG protein was increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. When TFG was over-expressed using recombinant adenovirus, lipid production in sebocytes was increased along with an up-regulation of the expression of lipogenic regulators, such as PPAR-γ, SREBP-1 and SCD. Conversely, down-regulation of TFG using a microRNA (miR) decreased lipid production and the expression of lipogenic regulators. Based on these data, TFG is a novel regulator of lipid synthesis in sebocytes.
Two-dimensional electric-double-layer Esaki diode
Authors: Paletti Paolo , Yue Ruoyu , Hinkle Christopher , Fullerton-Shirey Susan K. , Seabaugh Alan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional van der Waals materials offer unique advantages for the development of band-to-band tunneling devices given their lack of dangling bonds, atomically flat thickness and steep band edges. Here, we present the experimental demonstration of an electric double layer (EDL) Esaki junction in synthetic WSe2 thin films. A Si-compatible process is developed for the fabrication of nanoscale FETs utilizing molecular beam epitaxy of WSe2 performed directly on top of a high-κ dielectric at back-end-of-line-friendly temperatures (<550 °C). Degenerate and abrupt doping profiles are obtained by modulating the electron/cation and hole/anion EDLs formed at the interface between a tens-of-nanometer long WSe2 channel and a solid polymer electrolyte, polyethylene oxide:cesium perchlorate (PEO:CsClO4). Numerical simulations are used to determine the bias dependence of the equilibrium ion and carrier density profiles. The EDL-doped tunnel diode exhibits repeatable, gate-tunable band-to-band tunneling with negative differential resistance in the forward bias regime at temperatures up to 140 K, and strong conduction in reverse bias. A maximum peak-to-valley current ratio of 3.5 is measured at 110 K.
The bagworm genome reveals a unique fibroin gene that provides high tensile strength
Authors: Kono Nobuaki , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Ohtoshi Rintaro , Tomita Masaru , Numata Keiji , Arakawa Kazuharu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractArthropod silk is known as a versatile tool, and its variability makes it an attractive biomaterial. Eumeta variegata is a bagworm moth (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) that uses silk throughout all life stages. Notably, the bagworm-specific uses of silk include larval development in a bag coated with silk and plant materials and the use of silk attachments to hang pupae. An understanding at the molecular level of bagworm silk, which enables such unique purposes, is an opportunity to expand the possibilities for artificial biomaterial design. However, very little is known about the bagworm fibroin gene and the mechanical properties of bagworm silk. Here, we report the bagworm genome, including a silk fibroin gene. The genome is approximately 700 Mbp in size, and the newly found fibroin gene has a unique repetitive motif. Furthermore, a mechanical property test demonstrates a phylogenetic relationship between the unique motif and tensile strength of bagworm silk.
Verfahrensanweisung für die Iod-131 Ganzkörperszintigrafie
beim differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom (Version 5)
Authors: Verburg Frederik A. , Schmidt Matthias , Kreissl Michael C. , Grünwald Frank , Lassmann Michael , Hänscheid Heribert , Hohberg Melanie , Luster Markus , Dietlein Markus 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Version 5 der Verfahrensanweisung für die Iod-131 Ganzkörperszintigrafie beim
differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom ist ein Update der Version 4, publiziert
durch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN). Diese
Verfahrensanweisung beschreibt mit primärer Zielsetzung die fachgerechte
Durchführung der Ganzkörperszintigrafie nach Applikation einer diagnostischen
bzw. einer therapeutischen I-131 Aktivität. Die Verfahrensanweisung wurde von
einer repräsentativen Expertengruppe im Konsensverfahren verabschiedet. Sie
entspricht damit einer Verfahrensanweisung der ersten Stufe (S1) nach den
Kriterien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen
Fachgesellschaften (AWMF).
An assessment of climate change impacts on glacier mass balance and geometry in the Chandra Basin, Western Himalaya for the 21st century
Authors: Tawde Sayli Atul , Kulkarni Anil V , Bala Govindasamy 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The Himalayan glaciers are a major source of Perennial River systems in South Asia and the retreat of these glaciers under climate change could directly affect millions of people who depend on them. In this study, we assess the glacier mass balance, area and volume changes at basin scale for the Chandra Basin in the western Himalaya due to projected climate change in the 21st century. The Chandra basin occupies ∼2440 km2 of area and hosts ∼200 glaciers and 23 small villages. The multi-model projections used in this study indicate a temperature increase of 2.2 °C–2.9 °C and 4.3 °C–6 °C for the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios by the end of the century with a steady or decreasing trend in snowfall in the basin. In response to the projected climate, the basin is likely to retain only 50%–52% (RCP 4.5) and 40%–45% (RCP 8.5) of the areal extent of glaciers by the end of the century. Corresponding volumes of glacier water retained are much lower at 40%–43% and 29%–34%, but the volume loss could be as high as 97% for low altitude glaciers. Overall, our study highlights the likely severe impacts to water resources in the Himalaya if CO2 emissions follow the high-emission scenario of RCP8.5.
GuLF DREAM: A Model to Estimate Dermal Exposure Among Oil Spill Response and Clean-up Workers
Authors: Gorman Ng Melanie , Cherrie John W , Sleeuwenhoek Anne , Stenzel Mark , Kwok Richard K , Engel Lawrence S , Cavallari Jennifer M , Blair Aaron , Sandler Dale P , Stewart Patricia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Tens of thousands of individuals performed oil spill response and clean-up (OSRC) activities following the ‘Deepwater Horizon’ oil drilling rig explosion in 2010. Many were exposed to oil residues and dispersants. The US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences assembled a cohort of nearly 33 000 workers to investigate potential adverse health effects of oil spill exposures. Estimates of dermal and inhalation exposure are required for those individuals. Ambient breathing-zone measurements taken at the time of the spill were used to estimate inhalation exposures for participants in the GuLF STUDY (Gulf Long-term Follow-up Study), but no dermal measurements were collected. Consequently, a modelling approach was used to estimate dermal exposures. We sought to modify DREAM (DeRmal Exposure Assessment Method) to optimize the model for assessing exposure to various oil spill-related substances and to incorporate advances in dermal exposure research. Each DREAM parameter was reviewed in the context of literature published since 2000 and modified where appropriate. To reflect the environment in which the OSRC work took place, the model treatment of evaporation was expanded to include vapour pressure and wind speed, and the effect of seawater on exposure was added. The modified model is called GuLF DREAM and exposure is estimated in GuLF DREAM units (GDU). An external validation to assess the performance of the model for oils, tars, and fuels was conducted using available published dermal wipe measurements of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and dermal hand wash measurements of asphalt. Overall, measured exposures had moderate correlations with GDU estimates (r = 0.59) with specific correlations of −0.48 for HFO and 0.68 for asphalt. The GuLF DREAM model described in this article has been used to generate dermal exposure estimates for the GuLF STUDY. Many of the updates made were generic, so the updated model may be useful for other dermal exposure scenarios.
Quality Indicators for Appropriate Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy in Adults: A Systematic Review and RAND-modified Delphi Procedure
Authors: Berrevoets Marvin A H , ten Oever Jaap , Oerlemans Anke J M , Kullberg Bart Jan , Hulscher Marlies E , Schouten Jeroen A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Our aim in this study was to develop quality indicators (QIs) for outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) care that can be used as metrics for quality assessment and improvement.

Methods
A RAND-modified Delphi procedure was used to develop a set of QIs. Recommendations on appropriate OPAT care in adults were retrieved from the literature using a systematic review and translated into potential QIs. These QIs were appraised and prioritized by a multidisciplinary panel of international OPAT experts in 2 questionnaire rounds combined with a meeting between rounds.

Results
The procedure resulted in 33 OPAT-specific recommendations. The following QIs that describe recommended OPAT care were prioritized by the expert panel: the presence of a structured OPAT program, a formal OPAT care team, a policy on patient selection criteria, and a treatment and monitoring plan; assessment for OPAT should be performed by the OPAT team; patients and family should be informed about OPAT; there should be a mechanism in place for urgent discussion and review of emergent clinical problems, and a system in place for rapid communication; laboratory results should be delivered to physicians within 24 hours; and the OPAT team should document clinical response to antimicrobial management, document adverse events, and monitor QIs for OPAT care and make these data available.

Conclusions
We systematically developed a set of 33 QIs for optimal OPAT care, of which 12 were prioritized by the expert panel. These QIs can be used to assess and improve the quality of care provided by OPAT teams.