bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existence and multiplicity results for some generalized Hammerstein equations with a parameter
Authors: López-Somoza Lucía , Minhós Feliz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper considers the existence and multiplicity of fixed points for the integral operator
$$ {\mathcal{T}}u(t)=\lambda \int _{0}^{T}k(t,s) f\bigl(s,u(s),u^{\prime }(s), \dots ,u^{(m)}(s)\bigr) \,\mathrm{d}s,\quad t\in {[} 0,T]\equiv I, $$
T
u
(
t
)
=
λ

∫
0
T

k
(
t
,
s
)
f

(
s
,
u
(
s
)
,

u
′

(
s
)
,
…
,

u

(
m
)

(
s
)
)

d
s
,

t
∈
[
0
,
T
]
≡
I
,
where $\lambda >0$
λ
>
0
is a positive parameter, $k:I\times I\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$
k
:
I
×
I
→
R
is a kernel function such that $k\in W^{m,1} ( I \times I ) $
k
∈

W

m
,
1

(
I
×
I
)
, m is a positive integer with $m\geq 1$
m
≥
1
, and $f:I\times \mathbb{R} ^{m+1}\rightarrow [ 0,+\infty [ $
f
:
I
×

R

m
+
1

→
[
0
,
+
∞
[
is an $\mathrm{L}^{1}$

L
1

-Carathéodory function.
The existence of solutions for these Hammerstein equations is obtained by fixed point index theory on new type of cones. Therefore some assumptions must hold only for, at least, one of the derivatives of the kernel or, even, for the kernel on a subset of the domain. Assuming some asymptotic conditions on the nonlinearity f, we get sufficient conditions for multiplicity of solutions.
Two examples will illustrate the potentialities of the main results, namely the fact that the kernel function and/or some derivatives may only be positive on some subintervals, which can degenerate to a point. Moreover, an application of our method to general Lidstone problems improves the existent results in the literature in this field.
Spectral information to get beyond color in the analysis of water-soluble varnish degradation
Authors: Martínez Domingo M. , Valero E. , Huertas R. , Durbán M. , Espejo T. , Blanc R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Spectral images were captured of paper samples varnished with two water-soluble materials: gum arabic and egg white. The samples were submitted to degradation processes that partially or totally eliminated the varnish from the substrate (water immersion and ageing). The spectral information was used to obtain average color data and to characterize the spatial and color inhomogeneity across pixels, showing that the pixel spectral data are critical for an accurate characterization of the degradation process of the varnishes. Since the varnishes typically become yellower with ageing, this study introduces two novel and simple-to-compute yellowness indices based on the spectral information, which are validated against a standard colorimetric index (ASTM-E313 2015). The potential uses of spectral information are demonstrated with several pieces of a real antique map sample by comparing the spectral information measured before and after cleaning the sample. To sum up, the main contributions of this study are the characterization of the spatial homogeneity through pixel-based spectral and color information and the proposal of spectral-based yellowing indices for two critical applications (ageing process follow-up and effect of cleaning), as demonstrated with synthetic and historical samples of varnished paper respectively.
Innovative Professional Development and Community Building Activity Program Improves STEM URM Graduate Student Experiences
Authors: Moreira Rosana G. , Butler-Purry Karen , Carter-Sowell Adrienne , Walton Shannon , Juranek Isah V. , Challoo Linda , Regisford Gloria , Coffin Richard , Spaulding Angela 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Strong consensus exists on the need to expand participation of URM doctoral students in STEM fields, to increase their retention, reduce their average time to degree, and provide these students with the preparation necessary to compete for faculty positions. This paper provides a model for implementing effective strategies to support the success of URM STEM graduate students across a system with various types of institutions. An innovative professional development, participation incentive, and community building program for underrepresented minority (URM) Graduate students in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields was instrumental in preparing them to secure academic positions, navigating graduate school successfully, and form a support network that helped them excel at the next level. The program provided sustained support and several activities in a collaborative environment for 84 Ph.D. and 84 Master’s students, in over 43 graduate programs. Data were collected using evaluation questionnaires containing open-ended responses and responses to specific items sent to the students after each activity, and a survey seeking their feedback on the program.

Results
In only 4 years, the program helped 13 students to secure faculty or post-doctoral positions, and improved the opinion of the professoriate career as thirteen students transitioned to the Ph.D. program and are now more interested in applying for faculty positions. The program was successful in developing and sustaining large-scale, distributed, yet interconnected STEM communities among the diverse Alliance system institutions and increased participation (from 58 in 2013 to 98 in 2017), reduced barriers, and promoted the success of URM doctoral students preparing for careers in the professoriate.

Conclusions
We have developed activities that connected students and faculty across institutions, providing multiple paths to the professoriate that align with students’ diverse academic career aspirations. This article illustrates that professional development, incentives, and community building interventions are essential in generating URM STEM education transformation.
Seasonal prevalence and histopathology of Beauveria bassiana infecting larvae of the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)
Authors: Ibrahim Reda , Alahmadi Saeed , Binnaser Yaser S. , Shawer Dalia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The natural epizootic potential of the fungus, Beauveria bassiana, against larvae of the leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina L. (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) was investigated under natural conditions in two different locations for two seasons (2015–2016 and 2016–2017) in Rasheed, Behiara Governorate, Egypt. In an orchard, located in the old cultivated land, Beauveria infected 1.9–5.6% of larvae of Z. pyrina in autumn (September to November), increased to 3.4–7.2% in winter (December to February). The infection did not exceed 3.1% in spring (March to May), and no infection was recorded in summer (June to August). While in an olive farm, located in a newly reclaimed land, in both seasons of survey, no infections were recorded from May to September, while in winter, the epizootics ranged from 1.4–3.1%, from 0.4 to 1.3% in spring, and from 0.3 to 2.1% in autumn. Histopathological analysis revealed that Beauveria most commonly penetrated larvae directly through the intersegmental integument and the first symptoms were observed 3 to 4 days later. Hyphae radiated inward from the point of ingress and the fungus developed sparsely within the body cavity prior to the death of the larva. Hyphal bodies were concentrated around the point of ingress, but some were found at distance from this site. Only in the vicinity of penetration, the hypodermis showed signs of histolysis. The saprophytic phase developed rapidly and the fungus invaded all internal organs. The conidiophores seemed to rupture the cuticle by mechanical pressure and emerged all over the host cadaver, with sporulation occurring 48 h later. Pathological changes in the hemolymph appeared to be the primary cause of larval mortality.
Psychometric properties of the five-level EuroQoL-5 dimension and Short Form-6 dimension measures of health-related quality of life in a population of pregnant women with depression
Authors: Heslin Margaret , Chua Kia-Chong , Trevillion Kylee , Nath Selina , Howard Louise M. , Byford Sarah 
Published: October 2019

Background
Although evidence suggests that the EuroQoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D) and Short Form-6 dimension (SF-6D) have equivalent psychometric properties in people with depression, there is some evidence that the EQ-5D may lack responsiveness in certain populations with depression.

Aims
To examine the psychometric properties of the five-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L) and SF-6D measures of health-related quality of life in a representative sample of pregnant women with depression.

Method
Data were taken from a cohort of pregnant women identified at or soon after the first antenatal care contact and followed-up at 3 months postpartum. Health-related quality of life was measured using both the EQ-5D-5L and the SF-6D at baseline and follow-up. We examined acceptability and conducted psychometric validation in the aspects of concurrent validity, convergent validity, known-group validity and responsiveness in 421 women with available data.

Results
The EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D have similarly high levels of acceptability. However, concurrent validation shows a lack of concordance between the EQ-5D-5L and SF-6D. The EQ-5D-5L tends to be higher than the SF-6D in individuals with better health states. The SF-6D tends to be higher than EQ-5D-5L in individuals with poorer health states. Convergent and known-group validity are comparable between the two utility measures. Longitudinally, women who recovered show larger increase in SF-6D utilities than those who did not recover at follow-up. With the EQ-5D-5L, this is not the case. Additionally, the ceiling effects were more apparent in the EQ-5D-5L.

Conclusions
The effectiveness of perinatal mental health interventions may be better captured by the SF-6D than the EQ-5D-5L but this needs to be cross-validated in more studies.

Declaration of interest
L.M.H. chaired the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence CG192 guidelines development group on antenatal and postnatal mental health in 2012–2014. L.M.H. reports grants from NIHR, MRC, Nuffield and the Stefanou Foundation, UK. K.T., M.H. and S.B. report funding by NIHR and the Stefanou Foundation, UK.
The Risks of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Following Weight Change in Adults with Diabetes: Results from ADVANCE
Authors: Lee Alexandra K , Woodward Mark , Wang Dan , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Warren Bethany , Sharrett A Richey , Williams Bryan , Marre Michel , Hamet Pavel , Harrap Stephen , Mcevoy John W , Chalmers John , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Weight loss is strongly recommended for overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Unintentional weight loss is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, but few studies have examined its association with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes.

Objective
To evaluate 2-year weight change and subsequent risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in established type 2 diabetes.

Design and Setting
The Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation was an international, multisite 2×2 factorial trial of intensive glucose control and blood pressure control. We examined 5 categories of 2-year weight change: &gt;10% loss, 4% to 10% loss, stable (±&lt;4%), 4% to 10% gain, and &gt;10% gain. We used Cox regression with follow-up time starting at 2 years, adjusting for intervention arm, demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and diabetes medication use from the 2-year visit.

Results
Among 10 081 participants with valid weight measurements, average age was 66 years. By the 2-year examination, 4.3% had &gt;10% weight loss, 18.4% had 4% to 10% weight loss, and 5.3% had &gt;10% weight gain. Over the following 3 years of the trial, &gt;10% weight loss was strongly associated with major macrovascular events (hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-2.44), cardiovascular mortality (HR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.87-4.09), all-cause mortality (HR, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.10-3.71), but not major microvascular events (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.61-1.36), compared with stable weight. There was no evidence of effect modification by baseline body mass index, age, or type of diabetes medication.

Conclusions
In the absence of substantial lifestyle changes, weight loss may be a warning sign of poor health meriting further workup in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Analysis of Bone Impairment by 3D DXA Hip Measures in Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gracia-Marco Luis , García-Fontana Beatriz , Ubago-Guisado Esther , Vlachopoulos Dimitris , García-Martín Antonia , Muñoz-Torres Manuel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been related to bone loss. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) cannot distinguish between trabecular and cortical bone compartments but the recently developed three-dimensional (3D)-DXA software might overcome this issue.

Objective
To examine the differences in DXA-derived areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and 3D-DXA parameters at the hip site between patients with PHPT and a healthy control group.

Design
Cross-sectional pilot study

Setting
Hospital

Patients
80 adults (59.5 ± 9.1 yrs), 40 with PHPT and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

Measures
aBMD (g/cm2) of the femoral neck, trochanter, shaft, and total hip was assessed using DXA. Cortical surface (sBMD, mg/cm2), cortical volumetric BMD (vBMD, mg/cm3), trabecular vBMD (mg/cm3), integral vBMD (mg/cm3) and cortical thickness (mm) was assessed using 3D-DXA software.

Results
Mean-adjusted values showed lower aBMD (7.5%-12.2%, effect size: 0.51-1.01) in the PHPT group compared with the control group (all P &lt; 0.05). 3D-DXA revealed bone impairment (3.7%-8.5%, effect size: 0.47-0.65) in patients with PHPT, mainly in cortical parameters (all P &lt; 0.05). However, differences in trabecular vBMD were not statistically significant (P = 0.055). The 3D mapping showed lower cortical sBMD, cortical vBMD, and cortical thickness at the trochanter and diaphysis in the PHPT group (P &lt; 0.05) compared with the control group. In both groups, the presence of osteopenia or osteoporosis is related to lower cortical bone.

Conclusions
aBMD and cortical 3D parameters are impaired in patients with PHPT versus healthy controls. The vBMD of the trabecular compartment seems to be affected, although to a lesser extent.
Thyroid Hormone Effects on Glucose Disposal in Patients With Insulin Receptor Mutations
Authors: Kushchayeva Yevgeniya S , Startzell Megan , Cochran Elaine , Auh Sungyoung , Sekizkardes Hilal , Soldin Steven J , Kushchayev Sergiy V , Dieckmann William , Skarulis Monica , Abdul Sater Zahraa , Brychta Robert J , Cypess Aaron M , Lin Tzu-Chun , Lightbourne Marissa , Millo Corina , Brown Rebecca J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Patients with mutations of the insulin receptor gene (INSR) have extreme insulin resistance and are at risk for early morbidity and mortality from diabetes complications. A case report suggested that thyroid hormone could improve glycemia in INSR mutation in part by increasing brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and volume.

Objective
To determine if thyroid hormone increases tissue glucose uptake and improves hyperglycemia in INSR mutation.

Design
Single-arm, open-label study of liothyronine.

Setting
National Institutes of Health.

Participants
Patients with homozygous (n = 5) or heterozygous (n = 2) INSR mutation.

Intervention
Liothyronine every 8 hours for 2 weeks (n = 7); additional 6 months’ treatment in those with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) &gt; 7% (n = 4).

Outcomes
Whole-body glucose uptake by isotopic tracers; tissue glucose uptake in muscle, white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT by dynamic [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography; HbA1c.

Results
There was no change in whole-body, muscle, or WAT glucose uptake from baseline to 2 weeks of liothyronine. After 6 months, there was no change in HbA1c (8.3 ± 1.2 vs 9.1 ± 3.0%, P = 0.27), but there was increased whole-body glucose disposal (22.8 ± 4.9 vs 30.1 ± 10.0 µmol/kg lean body mass/min, P = 0.02), and muscle (0.7 ± 0.1 vs 2.0 ± 0.2 µmol/min/100 mL, P &lt; 0.0001) and WAT glucose uptake (1.2 ± 0.2 vs 2.2 ± 0.3 µmol/min/100 mL, P &lt; 0.0001). BAT glucose uptake could not be quantified because of small volume. There were no signs or symptoms of hyperthyroidism.

Conclusion
Liothyronine administered at well-tolerated doses did not improve HbA1c. However, the observed increases in muscle and WAT glucose uptake support the proposed mechanism that liothyronine increases tissue glucose uptake. More selective agents may be effective at increasing tissue glucose uptake without thyroid hormone–related systemic toxicity.
Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT02457897; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02457897.
From Sanctuary to Civil Disobedience
Authors: Young Elliott 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sanctuary for immigrant students was an effective mobilizing strategy for universities and colleges in the wake of Donald Trump’s election. At Lewis & Clark College in Portland, Oregon, a group of faculty organized a Civil Disobedience Workshop in the spring semester to help students, faculty, staff, and community members think through past and present examples of civil disobedience. Organized as a democratic workshop, each week was devoted to a different aspect of civil disobedience, from the philosophical underpinnings of the idea to examples of civil disobedience around the world, in Portland and on our own campus. The effort to create a democratic learning space outside of the hierarchical structures of the college was a primary goal of this experiment. The lightning-fast mobilization around sanctuary campuses provided both the inspiration and the organizing basis for the genesis of this workshop.
Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Palan Jeya , Nolan Ciaran , Sarantos Kostas , Westerman Richard , King Richard , Foguet Pedro 
Published: October 2019

Culture-negative periprosthetic joint infections (CN-PJI) pose a significant challenge in terms of diagnosis and management. The reported incidence of CN-PJI is reported to be between 7% and 15%. Fungi and mycobacterium are thought to be responsible for over 85% of such cases with more fastidious bacteria accounting for the rest. With the advent of polymerase chain reaction, mass spectrometry and next generation sequencing, identifying the causative organism(s) may become easier but such techniques are not readily available and are very costly. There are a number of more straightforward and relatively low-cost methods to help surgeons maximize the chances of diagnosing a PJI and identify the organisms responsible. This review article summarizes the main diagnostic tests currently available as well as providing a simple diagnostic clinical algorithm for CN-PJI. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:585-594. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180067
Boas Práticas Educacionais sob a perspectiva dos Critérios de Excelência do PNQ
Authors: Bernardino Débora , Zotes Luis Perez 
Published: October 2019

Diante da necessidade de se avaliar continuamente a qualidade da Educação do Brasil e especialmente em escolas de gestão pública, optou-se por utilizar como parâmetro o Prêmio Nacional de Qualidade (PNQ) por seus critérios de excelência possuir estreita relação com as Boas Práticas da educação. A metodologia está apoiada em uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória e documental, utilizando-se dissertações e teses, anais de congressos, artigos do portal CAPES, incluindo a análise de uma pesquisa survey efetuada com 96 respondentes e na modelagem de um estudo de caso em uma escola de gestão pública do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Ao final do artigo apresenta-se a percepção dos atores da educação, professores e alunos, quanto às boas práticas em seus níveis de importância e ocorrência, e é possível diagnosticar que os dois segmentos percebem a importância das Boas Práticas Educacionais, mas sentem a sua ausência, na maioria dos requisitos apresentados, no cotidiano de suas atividades.
Effect of DNA methylation on thyroglobulin gene expression in thyroid pathology
Authors: Turakulov Y. Kh. , Kadyrov D. A. , Atakhanova B. A. 
Published: October 2019

Effect of methylation of different DNA domains on gene expression can manifest at all regulatory levels involved in this process: at the level of transcription and posttranscription, translation and posttranslation. Study of the relationship between DNA methylation and thyroglobulin (TH) gene expression in some thyroid diseases is needed for understanding the mechanisms regulating genetic information in general.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of DNA methylation on TH gene expression in thyroid disease. We investigated the probability of contribution of DNA methylation to regulation of TH gene expression. TH gene methylation was studied in nodular euthyroid and diffuse toxic goiter and in thyroid cancer. The 5'-flanking domain of the gene, containing sequences recognized by Hpa 11 and MspI restrictases, was analyzed. The 5'-flanking domain of TH gene is hypermethylated in thyroid cancer. These data indicate an inverse correlation between TH gene expression and methylation.
Combination of hormone replacement therapy with natural metabolite preparations (glycine and limontar) in the treatment of menopausal syndrome
Authors: Dreval A. V. , Marchenkova L. A. , Tshienin R. S. , Minchenko B. I. , Onoprienko G. A. , Shumsky V. I. , Komissarova I. A. , Narcissov Ya. R. 
Published: October 2019

Clinical efficacy of two drugs, natural metabolites glycine and limontar, alone and in combination with substitute hormone therapy (SHT), is studied in patients with menopausal disorders. The clinical efficacy was assessed from the time course of neurovegetative, psychoemotional, and urogenital menopausal symptoms and from changes in mineral compactness of bone tissue and biochemical parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and osseous metabolism.
The results confirmed the efficacy of SHT in all types of climacteric disorders (neurovegetative, psychoemotional, urogenital, and in postmenopausal osteopenia).
Combination of SHT with glycine and limontar did not affect the time course of the neurovegetative syndrome in general, but facilitated the arrest of arterial pressure differences and giddiness by estrogens. Moreover, glycine and limontar effectively relieve headaches.
Combination of glycine with limontar is effective in asthenoneurotic syndrome in general and in individual psychoemotional symptoms: irritability, labile spirits, sleep disorders. In general asthenia and urogenital disorders glycine and limontar accelerated the clinical effect of SHT and in case of low spirits and decreased libido extend the spectrum of positive effects of SHT. The combination of glycine with limontar had no positive effect on the mineral compactness of bones. Combination of both drugs with SHT attenuated the process of bone formation, increased calcium excretion with the urine, and increased the hypocalcemic effect, and hence, they should not be prescribed in postmenopausal osteopenia or osteoporosis.