bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of protons and heavy ions to suprathermal energies during dipolarizations in the near-Earth magnetotail
Authors: Malykhin Andrei Y. , Grigorenko Elena E. , Kronberg Elena A. , Daly Patrick W. , Kozak Ludmila V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this work we present an analysis of the dynamics of
suprathermal ions of different masses (H+, He+, O+) during
prolonged dipolarizations in the near-Earth magnetotail (X>-17RE) according to Cluster/RAPID observations in 2001–2005. All
dipolarizations from our database were associated with fast flow braking
and consisted of multiple dipolarization fronts (DFs). We found
statistically that fluxes of suprathermal ions started to increase
∼1 min before the dipolarization onset and continued to grow
for ∼1 min after the onset. The start of flux growth
coincided with the beginning of a decrease in the spectral index γ.
The decrease in γ was observed for protons for ∼1 min after the dipolarization onset, and for He+ and O+ ions for ∼3 and ∼5 min after the onset
respectively. The negative variations of γ for O+ ions were ∼2.5 times larger than for light ions. This demonstrates more
efficient acceleration for heavy ions. The strong negative variations of
γ were observed in finite energy ranges for all ion components. This
indicates the possibility of nonadiabatic resonant acceleration of ions in
the course of their interaction with multiple DFs during dipolarizations.
Our analysis showed that some fraction of light ions can be accelerated up
to energies ≥600 keV and some fraction of oxygen ions can be
accelerated up to ∼1.2 MeV. Such strong energy gains cannot
be explained by acceleration at a single propagating DF and suggest the
possibility of multistage ion acceleration in the course of their
interaction with multiple DFs during the prolonged dipolarizations.
Socioeconomic events linked with artisan activity in Mexico: a proposal for historical-geographical periodization
Authors: Correa Miranda Olga , Propin Frejomil Enrique , Navarro Moreno Jesús Abraham 
Published: July 2019

En México, las investigaciones desde una perspectiva histórico-geográfica que hacen referencia a la economía artesanal y que contribuyen a potenciar y valorar a las artesanías en todas sus dimensiones, son escasas. En este sentido, la presente investigación, conforma una plataforma cognoscitiva que busca evidenciar acontecimientos temporales y territoriales relevantes que dieron pauta a la actual configuración territorial de la actividad artesanal del país, referentes que ponen a la luz los nichos de oportunidad productiva y comercial para generar desarrollo económico y social en pro de los artesanos. En un primer momento, se exponen las posturas metodológicas, base para la reconstrucción espacio-temporal; posteriormente, se efectúa la caracterización de este tipo de economía, mediante el reconocimiento de etapas geo-históricas que evidencian cambios en la forma de producción y comercialización así como de la manera de conceptualizar lo que son los objetos artesanales, principales problemáticas del sector y tipos de apoyo brindados por el Estado.
In Mexico, the investigations from a historical-geographical perspective that make reference to the artisanal economy and that contribute to enhance and value crafts in all their dimensions, are scarce. In this sense, the present research forms a cognitive platform that seeks to highlight relevant temporal and territorial events that gave shape to the current territorial configuration of the artisanal activity of the country, references that bring to light the niches of productive and commercial opportunity to generate economic and social development in favor of artisans. At first, the methodological positions are exposed, the basis for the spatio - temporal reconstruction; Afterwards, the characterization of this type of economy is carried out, through the re cognition of stages that show changes in the way of production and commercialization as well as in the way of conceptualizing what artisan objects are, the main problems of the sector and types of support provided by the State.
Effect of watershed subdivision and estimation of climatic variables on hydrological simulation with the swat model in semi-arid mediterranean basins
Authors: Gomariz Castillo Francisco , Alonso Sarría Francisco 
Published: July 2019

Los resultados de cualquier intento de modelización hidrológica dependen de la calidad y discretización de los datos de entrada. En este trabajo se evalúa cómo la utilización de diferentes capas de variables climáticas de entrada (precipitación y ETP) y diferentes esquemas de discretización de la cuenca influyen en los resultados de un modelo hidrológico bien conocido (SWAT). En concreto se prueban 4 conjuntos de variables de entrada y discretización. Los estadísticos utilizados para evaluar la exactitud obtenida con estos conjuntos son RMSE, PBIAS, NSE y r2. Los resultados muestran que el uso de mejores modelos para obtener series de ETP (Penman Monteith FAO o Hargreaves calibrado) mejora considerablemente la exactitud del modelo respecto a las series obtenidas con el modelo de Hargreaves sin calibrar (opción por defecto en SWAT). Sin embargo, no se aprecian diferencias entre los resultados obtenidos con Penman Monteith FAO y Hargreaves calibrado. Por otro lado, el uso de información climática distribuida mejora notablemente los resultados obtenidos con información agregada. Se observa también la necesidad de calibrar los parámetros de SWAT ya que los valores por defecto están optimizados para ambientes templados de EEUU.
The results of hydrological modelling depend on the quality and spatial resolution of the input data. This paper evaluates how the use of different estimations of climatic variables input layers (precipitation and ET P ) and different basin discretization schemes influence affect the results of a contrasted hydrological model (SWAT). Specifically, 4 se ts of input and discretization variables are tested. The statistics used to evaluate the accuracy obtained with these sets are RMSE, PBIAS, NSE and r 2 . The results show that the use of better models to obtain ET P series (Penman Monteith FAO or calibrated Hargreaves) considerably improves the accuracy of the model compared to the series obtained with the uncalibrated Hargreaves model (default option in SWAT). However, there is no difference between the results obtained with Penman Monteith FAO and calibrate d Hargreaves. On the other hand, the use of distributed climate information significantly improves the results obtained with aggregated information. There is also a need to calibrate SWAT parameters as the default values are optimized for temperate environ ments in the USA.
Native forests' destruction and illegal logging: the Argentinean case during the 1998-2016 period
Authors: Gómez Lende Sebastián 
Published: July 2019

La destrucción del bosque nativo es una importante problemática ambiental que se ha acelerado recientemente, no sólo a nivel mundial sino también en Argentina, un país donde ha asumido rasgos particularmente graves e inquietantes. Este trabajo caracteriza la expansión de la deforestación de los bosques nativos en Argentina a lo largo del período 1998-2016 y analiza el avance de los desmontes ilegales entre la aprobación de la Ley de Bosques y la actualidad a escala provincial y departamental, basándose para ello en series estadísticas históricas oficiales. Los resultados muestran que durante el período analizado se perdieron casi 7 millones de hectáreas de bosques nativos en el país y que las tasas anuales de deforestación de varias provincias superaron holgadamente el promedio internacional. Además, debido a la ineficacia de la Ley de Bosques la deforestación clandestina se ha convertido en una problemática ampliamente generalizada en todo el país, sobre todo en Santiago del Estero, Salta, Chaco y Formosa.
Native forests’ destruction is an important environmental question that has recently accelerated not only at world scale but also in Argentina, a country where it has assumed particularly serious and disturbing features. On the basis of official, historical statistics, this paper characterizes the growth of deforestation in Argentina throughout the 1998-2016 period and studies the advance of illegal logging after the enforcement of the National Forests Law by analyzing both phenomena at the provincial and departmental scale. The findings show that almost 7 million hectares of native forests were destroyed during the analyzed period, while the annual rates of deforestation of several provinces largely exceeded the international average. In addition, due to the Nation Forests Law’s ineffectiveness, clandestine deforestation has become a widespread matter throughout the whole country, especially in provinces such as Santiago del Estero, Salta, Chaco, and Formosa.
Dynamiques culturelles et représentations sociales du chien dans la communauté inuit de Kuujjuaq (Nunavik)
Authors: Brunet Patricia , Lévesque Francis 
Published: July 2019

Cet article présente les faits saillants d’une recherche de terrain effectuée à Kuujjuaq (Nunavik) en septembre 2016. Son principal objectif est de dresser un portrait général de la place du chien dans cette communauté, tant auprès des Inuit que des non-Inuit. Si la place du chien dans la culture inuit traditionnelle est bien connue et documentée, celle que le chien d’aujourd’hui occupe depuis que les Inuit se sont sédentarisés, qu’ils utilisent la motoneige et qu’ils partagent leur milieu de vie avec des non-Inuit demeure mal comprise. En questionnant la place culturelle et sociale du chien dans une communauté où les populations Inuit et non-Inuit cohabitent, cette recherche tente de faire ressortir les différentes dynamiques reliées aux chiens et vise à acquérir une meilleure compréhension de ce que sont les chiens pour les habitants de Kuujjuaq actuellement. Cet article conclut que les ressources destinées aux chiens et à leur gestion sont limitées et toujours axées sur une perspective de santé et de sécurité humaines, et que les chiens de la communauté occupent une place oscillant entre appréciation et répulsion qui se définit selon le contexte dans lequel on les retrouve et les fonctions qu’ils occupent.
Comparison of olive leaf, olive oil, palm oil, and omega-3 oil in acute kidney injury induced by sepsis in rats
Authors: Ramos Maria Fátima de Paula , Oliveira Olvania Basso , de Barros Alceni do Carmo Morais Monteiro , Razvickas Clara Versolato , Pessoa Edson de Andrade , da Silva Rinaldo Florêncio , Pereira Ana Maria Soares , Convento Marcia Bastos , Borges Fernanda Teixeira , Schor Nestor 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundHypotension, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are all observed in experimental models of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanolic extract of Brazilian olive leaf (Ex), Brazilian olive oil (Olv), Ex + Olv (ExOlv), and palm oil (Pal) in comparison to the effects of omega-3 fish oil (Omg) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.MaterialsWistar rats were divided into seven groups (seven per group), which were either untreated (control) or treated with LPS, LPS + Ex, LPS + ExOlv, LPS + Olv, LPS + Omg, or LPS + Pal.ResultsLower values of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were observed in the LPS-treated group, and these values were not affected by Ex, Olv, ExOlv, Pal, or Omg treatment. Mortality rates were significantly lower in rats exposed to LPS when they were also treated with Ex, ExOlv, Olv, Pal, or Omg. These treatments also decreased oxidative stress and inflammation (Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta) and increased interleukin-10 levels and cell proliferation, which were associated with decreased apoptosis in kidney tissue.ConclusionEx and Pal treatments were beneficial in septic rats, since they increased survival rate and did not aggravate inflammation. However, the most effective treatments for septic rats were Olv in comparison to Omg. These natural food substances could enable the development of effective therapeutic interventions to sepsis.
Photosynthetic and Production of Urochloa ruziziensis Inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense under Drought
Authors: Bulegon Lucas Guilherme , Guimarães Vandeir Francisco , Júnior Roberto Cecatto , Battistus Andre Gustavo , Inagaki Adriano Mitio , Suss Anderson Daniel 
Published: July 2019

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the photosynthetic activity and production of Urochloa ruziziensis when inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense in the presence and absence of drought.
Study Design: Randomized block design and factorial 2x2.
Methodology: The first factor was the presence or absence of seed inoculation with A. brasilense strains AbV5 + AbV6; the second factor was the presence or absence of drought. The variables evaluated were: relative water content (RWC), soil gravimetric moisture, net assimilation rate of CO2, response in function of active photon flux density, apparent quantum efficiency, light compensation point, absolute integrity of membrane, damage to membranes, dry mass aborted leaves, and total dry mass of aerial part.
Results: Results demonstrate that plants maintained in drought presented a reduction in all evaluated variables. Under conditions of drought the use of A. brasilense promoted smaller variations in RWC, net assimilation rate of CO2, apparent quantum efficiency, light compensation point, absolute integrity of membrane, and damage to membranes; no variations were observed for dry mass, aborted leaves or total dry mass of aerial part.
Conclusion: The inoculation of U. ruziziensis seeds with A. brasilense mitigates drought damage in plant physiology, but it does not mitigate leaf losses or plant productivity.
Controlling Chiral Spin States of a Triangular‐Lattice Magnet by Cooling in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Deng Sihao , Fischer Gerda , Uhlarz Marc , Wosnitza Joachim , Bohnen Klaus‐Peter , Heid Rolf , Wang Cong , Sürgers Christoph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMagnetic materials with a non‐collinear and non‐coplanar arrangement of magnetic moments hosting a nonzero scalar spin‐chirality exhibit unique magnetic and spin‐dependent electronic transport properties. The spin chirality often occurs in materials where competing exchange interactions lead to geometrical frustrations between magnetic moments and to a strong coupling between the crystal lattice and the magnetic structure. These characteristics are particularly strong in Mn‐based antiperovskites where the interactions and chirality can be tuned by substitutional modifications of the crystalline lattice. This study presents evidence for the formation of two unequal chiral spin states in magnetically ordered Mn3.338Ni0.651N antiperovskite based on density functional theory calculations and supported by magnetization measurements after cooling in a magnetic field. The existence of two scalar spin‐chiralities of opposite sign and different magnitude is demonstrated by a vertical shift of the magnetic‐field dependent magnetization and Hall effect at low fields and from an asymmetrical magnetoresistivity when the applied magnetic field is oriented parallel or antiparallel to the direction of the cooling field. This opens up the possibility of manipulating the spin chirality for potential use in the emerging field of chiral spintronics.
The Wetting State of Water on a Rose Petal
Authors: Chakraborty Monojit , Weibel Justin A. , Schaber James A. , Garimella Suresh V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rose petal features surface structures that offer unique wetting properties. A water droplet placed on a rose petal forms a high contact angle but exhibits significant contact angle hysteresis, such that relatively large droplets remain stuck to the surface when it is tilted. Understanding this distinctive “parahydrophobic” wetting behavior can provide insight into the design of highly nonwetting, yet highly adhesive, synthetic surfaces. Surface features of the rose petal are characterized via focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, which reveals microscale papillae that are partially covered with nanoscale striae. The wetting state of water on a rose petal is directly visualized using confocal microscopy. This experimental evidence confirms the microscale wetting behavior on the papillae, but cannot resolve the wetting behavior on the nanoscale striae. To infer the wetting state on the striae, an energy minimization–based model is developed and the results from the model are compared to the experimental evidence. In combination, the experimental findings and the model results reveal the wetting state of water on the hierarchical surface structure and explain the macroscopic wetting behavior of the rose petal.
A Highly Practical Copper(II)/TEMPO‐SO4H Catalyst System for Aerobic Oxidations of Primary Benzylic and Allylic Alcohols on Gram‐Scale in Water
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Wang Zihao , Xiao Juncong , Cao Zheng , Yi Changfeng , Xu Zushun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a highly practical copper(II)/TEMPO‐SO4H catalyst system for aerobic oxidations of primary benzylic and allylic alcohols. A higher activity was achieved when TEMPO‐SO4H, an economically feasible 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) derivative containing a sulfonic acid group, was used to replace TEMPO. The use of such CuII/TEMPO‐SO4H catalysts can significantly simplify the removal of catalysts and dramatically reduce the amount of organic solvents used. The aerobic oxidation of primary benzylic and allylic alcohols was conducted in water on gram scale using air as the oxidant, and in the absence of surfactant, leading to green catalysis.
Syntheses of Energetic cyclo‐Pentazolate Salts
Authors: Tian Lili , Xu Yuangang , Lin Qiuhan , Wang Pengcheng , Lu Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThree energetic salts of cyclo‐N5− were synthesized via a metathesis reaction of barium pentazolate and sulfates which was driven by the precipitation of BaSO4. All the energetic cyclo‐N5− salts were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, infrared (IR), 1H and 13C multinuclear NMR spectroscopies, thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), and elemental analysis. The salts exhibit relatively good detonation performance with low sensitivities and good thermal stabilities. This new method opens the door to exploring more pentazolate anion‐containing high‐performance energetic materials.
Investigation of Fe−Ni Mixed‐Oxide Catalysts for the Reduction of NO by CO: Physicochemical Properties and Catalytic Performance
Authors: Du Xuexun , Yao Tian‐Liang , Wei Qinglian , Zhang Hao , Huang Yongmin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of Fe−Ni mixed‐oxide catalysts were synthesized by using the sol–gel method for the reduction of NO by CO. These Fe−Ni mixed‐oxide catalysts exhibited tremendously enhanced catalytic performance compared to monometallic catalysts that were prepared by using the same method. The effects of Fe/Ni molar ratio and calcination temperature on the catalytic activity were examined and the physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, N2‐adsorption/‐desorption isotherms, temperature‐programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2‐TPR), temperature‐programmed desorption of nitric oxide (NO‐TPD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the reduction behavior, surface oxygen species, and surface chemical valence states of iron and nickel in the catalysts were the key factors in the NO elimination. Fe0.5Ni0.5Ox that was calcined at 250 °C exhibited excellent catalytic activity of 100 % NO conversion at 130 °C and a lifetime of more than 40 hours. A plausible mechanism for the reduction of NO by CO over the Fe−Ni mixed‐oxide catalysts is proposed, based on XPS and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analyses.
Transcatheter aortic valve deployment influences neo‐sinus thrombosis risk: An in vitro flow study
Authors: Madukauwa‐David Immanuel David , Sadri Vahid , Kamioka Norihiko , Midha Prem A. , Raghav Vrishank , Oshinski John N. , Sharma Rahul , Babaliaros Vasilis , Yoganathan Ajit P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe investigated the impact of (transcatheter heart valve) THV expansion at the level of the native annulus and implant depth on valve performance and neo‐sinus flow stasis.BackgroundFlow stasis in the neo‐sinus is one of the identified risk factors of THV thrombosis.MethodsA 29 mm CoreValve and 26 mm SAPIEN 3 were deployed under different expansions (CoreValve, SAPIEN 3) and implant depths (CoreValve) within a patient‐derived aortic root in a pulse duplicator. Fluorescent dye was injected during diastole into the neo‐sinus and imaged over 20 cardiac cycles. Washout times were computed as a measure of flow stasis for each deployment.ResultsThe 10% CoreValve under‐expansion improved neo‐sinus washout over full expansion by 8% (p < .001), and higher CoreValve implant depth improved neo‐sinus washout (p < .001). The 10% SAPIEN 3 under‐expansion improved neo‐sinus washout by 23% (p < .001). Under‐expansion of both valve types caused higher pressure gradients and smaller effective orifice areas than full expansion.ConclusionsNeo‐sinus flow stasis is influenced by THV expansion and implant depth (CoreValve). The 10% valve under‐deployment (oversizing) may facilitate reduced flow stasis in the neo‐sinus with minimal increase in pressure gradients. This strategy may be helpful for patient anatomies, which are in‐between transcatheter valve sizes.
First‐line atezolizumab in addition to bevacizumab plus chemotherapy for metastatic, nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer: A United States–based cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Wan XiaoMin , Luo Xia , Tan ChongQing , Zeng XiaoHui , Zhang YuCong , Peng LiuBao 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThe IMpower150 trial found that adding atezolizumab to the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy improved survival for patients with metastatic, nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, considering the high cost of immunotherapy, there is a need to assess its value by considering both efficacy and cost. The current study evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of atezolizumab in the first‐line setting for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC from the US payer perspective.MethodsA Markov model was developed to compare the lifetime cost and effectiveness of the combination of atezolizumab, bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel (ABCP) with the combination of bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel (BCP) and carboplatin and paclitaxel (CP) in the first‐line treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC. Life‐years (LYs), quality‐adjusted LYs (QALYs), and lifetime costs were estimated. One‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the model uncertainty. Additional subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsABCP provided an additional 0.413 QALYs (0.460 LYs) and 0.738 QALYs (0.956 LYs), respectively, compared with BCP and CP. The corresponding incremental costs were $234,998 and $381,116, respectively. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for ABCP was $568,967 per QALY compared with BCP and $516,114 per QALY compared with CP. The subgroup analysis demonstrated that PD‐L1 expression of ≥50% on tumor cells (TC3) or ≥10% on immune cells (IC3) decreased the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio to $464,703 per QALY.ConclusionsFrom the perspective of the US payer, ABCP is estimated to not be cost‐effective compared with BCP or CP in the first‐line setting for patients with metastatic, nonsquamous NSCLC at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $100,000 per QALY.