bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy of landing behavior of the tree frog Hyla japonica
Authors: Kamada Koushun , Tachibanagi Ryousuke , Nakagawa Hideki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractToads on the ground control landing behavior by a simple strategy in which they extend their elbows at roughly the same time after take‐off and continue extending them at the same velocity until they land. However, this simple strategy does not work well in much more complicated arboreal habitat. We analyzed properties of jumping and timing of forelimb extension of the tree frog, Hyla japonica, to demonstrate how the arboreal species land safely. The results showed that distance, duration, and velocity of jump were not affected by explicit optic flow information, whereas the all three parameters decreased significantly in the blindfolded animals. This suggests that the frogs do not use optic flow information during flight but need visual information to plan a jump to reach the destination appropriately. Many animals generate prelanding behavior when time‐to‐contact reaches a threshold value. However, the results showed that a significant positive correlation was found between jump duration and time‐to‐contact both in normal and blindfolded animals. The slopes and the intercepts of the linear regression lines were about 0.8 and about 50 msec, respectively, in both cases. These suggest that, without any visual inputs, the animal can make the decision for prelanding forelimb extension at 20% of jump duration and start extending the forelimb after a motor delay of about 50 msec as in the normal condition. This strategy enables the tree frog to always maintain 80% of the jump duration to prepare for landing in their complex habitat.
Japanese‐American confinement and scientific democracy: Colonialism, social engineering, and government administration
Authors: Rosemblatt Karin Alejandra , Benmergui Leandro Daniel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDuring World War II, the U.S. Indian Service conducted social science experiments regarding governance among Japanese Americans imprisoned at the Poston, Arizona, camp. Researchers used an array of techniques culled from anthropological culture and personality studies, psychiatry, psychology, medicine, and public opinion research to probe how the personality traits of the confined Japanese‐Americans and camp leaders affected the social interactions within each group and between them. The research drew on prior studies of Indian personality in the US Southwest, Mexico's Native policies, and indirect colonial rule. Researchers asked how democracy functioned in contexts marked by hierarchy and difference. Their goal was to guide future policies toward US “minorities“ and foreign races in post‐war occupied territories. We show how researchers deployed ideas about race, cultural, and difference across a variety of cases to create a universal, predictive social science, which they combined with a prewar romanticism and cultural relativism. These researchers made ethnic, racial, and cultural difference compatible with predictive laws of science based on notions of fundamental human similarities.
Synthesis of Novel β‐Lactams from Phenothiazin‐10‐ylacetic Acid
Authors: Omidvari Zahra , Zarei Maaroof 
Published: March 2018

The first synthesis of 3‐phenothiazine‐β‐lactams is herein reported. Thirteen new derivatives of β‐lactams were synthesized using various Schiff bases and (phenothiazin‐10‐yl)acetic acid, which in turn was prepared starting from phenothiazine. The sole product of the Staudinger ketene–imine [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is the trans‐β‐lactam. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analyses and spectral (IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR) data.
An Aurone‐derived Low‐molecular‐weight Fluorescence Probe for the Detection of Hg2+ in Aqueous Solution and Living Cells
Authors: Zhang Min , Bao Yong‐Tuan , Yang Wenbo , Xiao Hui‐Feng , Han Zhi‐Xiang , Wu Xiangyang , Yang Liuqing 
Published: March 2018

A low‐molecular‐weight fluorescent probe 1 (M.W. = 238.24) based on aurone was synthesized, and its application in fluorescent detection of Hg2+ in aqueous solution and living cells was reported. It exhibited an “on–off” fluorescent response toward Hg2+ in aqueous solution. Both the color and fluorescence changes of the probe were remarkably specific for Hg2+ in the presence of other common metal ions, satisfying the selective requirements for biomedical and environmental monitoring application. The probe has been applied in direct measurement of Hg2+ content in river water samples and imaging of Hg2+ in living cells, which further indicates the potential application values in environmental and biological systems.
How Do You Know ‘Resilience’ When You See It? Characteristics of Self‐perceived Household Resilience among Rural Households in Burkina Faso
Authors: Crookston Benjamin T. , Gray Bobbi , Gash Megan , Aleotti Veronica , Payne Hannah E. , Galbraith Nicole 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe characteristics of household resilience, an emerging development paradigm, remain uncertain. This paper's purpose was to identify the characteristics of self‐perceived resilient households in rural Burkina Faso. Among 46 participants, self‐perceived resilience status was established through ‘resilience diaries’. Diary results were compared with a series of socio‐economic, community and household variables of interest. Major factors associated with household resilience included poverty status, savings accumulation and the use of livestock as an income‐generating activity. These findings provide insights into factors likely to strengthen household resilience and provide direction for practitioners interested in building and measuring changes in household resilience. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing serial homicides to single homicides: A study of prevalence, offender, and offence characteristics in Sweden
Authors: Sturup Joakim 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMultiple and serial homicides constitute around 1.6% of all homicides but have unusually tragic outcomes. The aims of this study were to report the prevalence serial‐homicide offences and the characteristics of serial‐homicide offenders in a non‐North American context. The study included all convicted serial‐homicide offenders in Sweden from 1973 to 2012 (n = 25), as well as a population‐based control sample of single‐homicide offenders collected during 2007 and 2009 (n = 201). Similar to U.S. findings, approximately 1.6% of homicides could be attributed to serial‐homicide offenders. Serial offenders were more often diagnosed with personality disorders and autism‐spectrum disorders compared with single offenders; and serial offences more often involved victims who were female and unacquainted with the offender, as well as planning, sexual motives, and asphyxia as method of violence. One third of serial offences involved actions aimed at disguising the manner of death; such actions were considerably less common in single‐homicide offences. Few offenders displayed the traditional profile of a serial‐homicide offender; however, one third displayed sexual motives, a rate roughly 10 times higher than that in the single‐homicide group. The study concludes that serial‐homicide offenders should be subjected to forensic‐psychiatric examinations and that research involving cross‐contextual differences and similarities in serial‐homicide offenders is needed.
Taxonomic validation of Encheliophis chardewalli with description of calling abilities
Authors: Parmentier Eric , Fine Michael L. , Berthe Cécile , Lecchini David 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEncheliophis chardewalli was described from a single cleared and stained specimen. Twelve years later, additional specimens were found in the lagoon of Moorea (French Polynesia) in association with their host, the sea cucumber Actinopyga mauritiana. These fish were used to consolidate the species diagnosis, to validate species status and to record sound production. This species is remarkable because of its ability to penetrate inside the cloaca of sea cucumbers having anal teeth and the fact this species is largely unknown despite it lives in lagoons in 1m depth. Encheliophis chardewalli produced three sound types: long regular calls made of trains of numerous pulses, short irregular calls characterized by a constant lowering of its pulse period and short regular call (or knock) made of 3 to 6 pulses. Comparison with other sympatric Carapini supports a large and distinct repertoire. Morphological characteristics could be the result of reduced body size allowing to penetrate inside a new host, thus avoiding competition and conflict with other larger sympatric Carapini species.
The ongoing evolution of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: Some observations on current trends and future directions
Authors: Muthu Manikandan , Chun Sechul , Wu Hui‐Fen , Duncan Mark W. , Gopal Judy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe practice of laser desorption/ionization (LDI) mass spectrometry continues to evolve. In the most commonly adopted manifestation of LDI, matrix assisted LDI, attention continues to be directed towards novel sample application strategies and modifications to the sample plate. Specifically, researchers continue to explore adaptations to the conventional, stainless steel sample plate that is the centerpiece of conventional LDI. Numerous variants of LDI‐MS have been reported based on modifications of the plate surface, but none of these is widely adopted, either by end‐users or by instrument manufacturers. Further, at this time, advances in surface engineering have had only modest impact on day‐to‐day operation. In this article, we review and discuss some of the numerous, but scattered reports on novel LDI strategies with an emphasis on modified sample support substrates and plates. We discuss and highlight innovations that have the potential to markedly enhance the utility of LDI‐MS.
Clinical relevance of terminal Schwann cells: An overlooked component of the neuromuscular junction
Authors: Santosa Katherine B. , Keane Alexandra M. , Jablonka‐Shariff Albina , Vannucci Bianca , Snyder‐Warwick Alison K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe terminal Schwann cell (tSC), a type of nonmyelinating Schwann cell, is a significant yet relatively understudied component of the neuromuscular junction. In addition to reviewing the role tSCs play on formation, maintenance, and remodeling of the synapse, we review studies that implicate tSCs in neuromuscular diseases including spinal muscular atrophy, Miller–Fisher syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, among others. We also discuss the importance of these cells on degeneration and regeneration after nerve injury. Knowledge of tSC biology may improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and help us identify new and innovative therapeutic strategies for the many patients who suffer from neuromuscular disorders and nerve injuries.
Impact of SMOFLipid on Pulmonary Alveolar Development in Newborn Guinea Pigs
Authors: Lavoie Jean‐Claude , Mohamed Ibrahim , Nuyt Anne‐Monique , Elremaly Wesam , Rouleau Thérèse 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature infants. In animals, PN leads to alveolar loss following stimulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress (oxidized redox potential). Peroxides and aldehydes generated in PN can induce hypo‐alveolarization. The implication of peroxides, which is reduced by light protection, is demonstrated. The implication of aldehydes from omega‐6 fatty acids oxidation is expected. The hypothesis is that composition and light exposure of PN influences bronchopulmonary dysplasia development. Since SMOFLipid (SMOF) contains a lower amount of omega‐6 fatty acids than Intralipid (IL), the aim was to compare, the impacts of PN compounded with SMOF or IL, photo‐protected or not, on alveolar development.Materials and MethodsThree‐day‐old Guinea pigs received PN, photo‐protected or not, made with SMOF or IL through a jugular vein catheter. After 4 days, lungs were sampled for determinations of redox potential of glutathione, apoptosis (caspase‐3, caspase‐8, and caspase‐9) and alveolarization index (histology: number of intercepts/mm).ResultsCompared with IL, SMOF induces a greater oxidation of redox potential (˗200 ± 1 versus [vs] ˗205 ± 1 mV), apoptosis (caspase‐3: 0.27 ± 0.04 vs 0.16 ± 0.02; caspase‐9: 0.47 ± 0.03 vs 0.30 ± 0.03), and a lower alveolarization index (27.2 ± 0.8 vs 30.0 ± 0.9). Photo‐protection prevented activation of caspase‐9 and was statistically without effect on redox potential, caspase‐3, and alveolarization index.ConclusionIn our model, SMOF is pro‐oxidant and induces hypo‐alveolarization following exaggerated apoptosis. These results highlight the need for further studies before introducing SMOFLipid in standard neonatal care.
Morphological and physiological studies on densely branched lateral roots triggered by localized phosphate in Sesbania cannabina
Authors: Funakoshi Yuri , Daimon Hiroyuki , Matsumura Atsushi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDensely branched lateral roots (DBLRs) in Sesbania cannabina are formed in response to patchily distributed phosphorus (P) in volcanic soils. Little attention has been paid to morphological and physiological responses of DBLRs. Here, we investigated the relation between plant growth and DBLR development, enzymatic activities involved in P acquisition, and the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which contribute to P uptake, to clarify the function of DBLRs. We investigated DBLR development induced by localized application of P fertilizer and we compared the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and acid phosphatase (APase) between DBLRs and non‐DBLRs. Additionally, plants were grown with or without AMF to investigate the effect of AMF colonization on the numbers of DBLRs and plant P uptake, and we compared AMF colonization between DBLRs and non‐DBLR roots. Secondary to quaternary lateral DBLRs were produced after the primary lateral roots passed near P fertilizer. Pi content per DBLR increased as DBLRs developed, promoting higher shoot growth. Under P deficiency, PEPCase and APase activities increased in non‐DBLR, but were significantly lower in DBLRs in the same plants. AMF inoculation changed the root system architecture by significantly decreasing the number of DBLRs, and AMF colonization was lower in DBLRs than in non‐DBLRs. Our results indicate that DBLR formation is a P‐coacquisition strategy of S. cannabina grown in P‐deficient andosolic soil. Roots that form DBLR are clearly different from non‐DBLR roots in morphological and biochemical response and AMF symbiosis.
Continuous human presence without extensive reductions in forest cover over the past 2500 years in an aseasonal Amazonian rainforest
Authors: Kelly Thomas J. , Lawson Ian T. , Roucoux Katherine H. , Baker Timothy R. , Honorio‐Coronado Euridice N. , Jones Timothy D. , Rivas Panduro Santiago 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe impact of pre‐Columbian indigenous communities on forest cover in Amazonia is highly contentious, particularly for the wettest forests. To contribute to this debate, we studied the vegetation and fire history of a site, Quistococha, which lies within the aseasonal forests of the northern Peruvian Amazon and is associated with independently dated pre‐Columbian and recent human occupation. Paired cores from swamp and lake environments were used to distinguish landscape‐scale changes in vegetation from local‐scale succession. An increased abundance of disturbance‐adapted taxa in the pollen record from the lake, but not swamp, since c. AD 1860 probably reflects extensive deforestation related to the expansion of the nearby city of Iquitos. However, previous persistent occupation of the site by pre‐Columbian indigenous communities, indicated by the charcoal record from the lake site, is not associated with evidence for similarly extensive disturbance of the landscape. The unique features of this site therefore demonstrate that occupation by indigenous communities over thousands of years was not associated with large‐scale deforestation. These results support an emerging model of persistent but localized impacts by pre‐Columbian indigenous communities on aseasonal Amazonian forests.
Holistic properties of foods: a changing paradigm in human nutrition
Authors: Moughan Paul J 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTraditionally, the study of nutrition has been based on a reductionist approach, reducing a food to its constituent nutrients and then investigating the effects of these nutrients, either singly or together, on metabolism and metabolic outcomes. Nutrients are not consumed in isolation but, rather, are consumed in the form of foods. For this reason, the complex food matrix itself influences nutritional outcomes, which often cannot be fully explained on the basis of the effects of ‘the sum of the nutrients’ alone. Nutrient additivity effects, nutrient interactions, effects of food components other than the classical nutrients, effects of the food matrix for single foods and combinations of foods consumed as meals on the kinetics of nutrient digestion and subsequent metabolism and metabolic outcomes are discussed. A paradigm shift in human nutrition is needed, with more consideration being given to the holistic effects of specific foods and mixtures of foods constituting meals and diets. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples by gas chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry using macroporous resin solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Xing Yan , Wang Min , Li Tingting , Fu Yin xu , Wang Xu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA method for the determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water has been developed. First, we made a solid‐phase extraction column. After this, the parameters affecting the efficacy of the experimental method were optimized, including appropriate selection of a solid‐phase extraction column and cleanup conditions on columns. The separation was achieved by gas chromatography and detection with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. The method showed satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.999) over the range assayed (0.01–1 μg/mL), and limits of quantification ranging from 0.0011 to 0.0199 μg/L. The recoveries ranged from 83 to 113%. The relative standard deviation is in the range 0.86–3.1%. The results indicated that this method had high selectivity and precision that was suitable for the simultaneous determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water.
Simultaneous determination of glycol ethers and their acetates in cosmetics by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry
Authors: Huang Jinfeng , Li Xiuying , Xun Zhiqing , Du Weifeng , Guo Xindong , Xian Yanping , Lin Senyu , Tan Jianhua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ten kinds of glycol ethers and their acetates in cosmetics. The samples were extracted with methanol/ethyl acetate (80:20, v/v), further treated with vortex and ultrasound, and analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The concentration of each analyte was calibrated by the external standard method. Under the optimal conditions, the analytes showed linear relationship in the range of 0.05–25 mg/L with determination coefficients larger than 0.9987. The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.09–0.59 and 0.31–1.95 mg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of three spiked levels were 80.2–105.4% with intra‐ and interday precisions of 1.1–6.3 and 1.9–6.5%, respectively. Method validation from different labs confirmed the satisfactory recoveries and precisions. This method shows advantages of simple, high sensitivity, and high recovery, which can be applied to the detection of glycol ethers and acetates in cosmetics.
The Effects of Trauma Type and Executive Dysfunction on Symptom Expression of Polyvictimized Youth in Residential Care
Authors: Hodgdon Hilary B. , Liebman Rachel , Martin Lia , Suvak Michael , Beserra Kari , Rosenblum Wendy , Spinazzola Joseph 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRisk for traumatic sequelae is conveyed directly by risk factors (i.e., exposure to trauma), and via the disruption of developmental competencies. Exposure to caregiver trauma is an especially salient risk factor, as its early and pervasive nature is likely to undermine multiple facets of development, most notably the emergence of cognitive controls (i.e., executive function [EF]). Deficits in EF have been observed among youth exposed to multiple types of trauma and are associated with a range of functional impairments, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and behavioral disorders; they represent a mechanism by which the negative impact of caregiver trauma is conveyed. This study included 672 youth in residential placement, and examined the associations between both caregiver and noncaregiver trauma, measured by the Trauma History Profile (THP); executive dysfunction, measured by the Behavioral Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF); PTSS, measured by the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Reaction Index (PTSD‐RI); and externalizing and internalizing problems, measured by the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). A structural equation model demonstrated direct associations between caregiver trauma and PTSS, β = .15; noncaregiver trauma and externalizing problems, β = .14; gender and PTSS, β = .26, externalizing problems, β = .12, and internalizing problems, β = .26; and age and externalizing problems, β = −.11. We observed indirect effects via deficits in EF between caregiver trauma and PTSS, β = .04 and externalizing problems, β = .19. Results indicate for screening for executive dysfunction among trauma‐impacted youth is needed, as it represents a critical therapeutic target.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Functional Impairment, and Subjective Distress in World Trade Center Disaster Workers
Authors: Hunnicutt‐Ferguson Kallio , Wyka Katarzyna E. , Peskin Melissa , Cukor Judith , Olden Megan , Difede JoAnn 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with functional deficits, poor physical health, and diminished quality of life. Limited research has examined PTSD symptom clusters and their associations with functioning and distress among disaster recovery workers, a population at high risk for PTSD due to potential for repeated trauma. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between overall PTSD severity, as well as PTSD symptom clusters, and social and occupational functioning and subjective distress in World Trade Center (WTC) disaster workers after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11). Disaster workers deployed to the site of the attacks completed assessments at three time points over approximately 5 years post‐9/11. Our sample consisted of participants who met criteria for PTSD or subthreshold PTSD at baseline (n = 514), 1‐year (n = 289), and 2‐year follow‐up (n = 179). Adjusted linear regression indicated that Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS)‐rated PTSD severity was positively associated with subjective distress, and deficits in social and occupational functioning, over time, CAPS Criterion F items; βs = .20 to .62, ps < .001. The reexperiencing and avoidance/numbing symptom clusters were associated with increased subjective distress, the avoidance/numbing and hyperarousal clusters were associated with deficits in social functioning, and the reexperiencing and hyperarousal clusters were associated with worse occupational functioning. These associations were consistent across the study period. Findings point to the importance of targeting PTSD symptom clusters associated with specific areas of functional impairment, with the goal of improving global outcomes.