bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the board of directors, audit committee, and institutional ownership on carbon disclosure quality: The moderating effect of environmental committee
Authors: Adam Abbas Abdelrahman , Salleh Zalailah , Alahdal Waleed M. , Hussien Asaad Mubarak , Bajaher Mohammed , Baatwah Saeed Rabea 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of the board of directors' effectiveness (BODEF), audit committee effectiveness (AUDEF), and institutional ownership (IO) on carbon disclosure quality (CDQ) and examines the moderating effect of the environmental committee (EC) on such impacts. Thus, to evaluate CDQ, a self‐constructed index was established based on standards and recommendations stated in several Malaysian and international guidelines related to carbon reporting. This study employs panel data analysis on 200 publicly listed Malaysian firms observed from 2015 to 2019. The findings showed a significant positive effect of BODEF, AUDEF, and IO on CDQ. Additionally, the results showed that EC has an insignificant moderating influence on the impact of BODEF and AUDEF on CDQ; meanwhile, it strengthens the effect of IO on CDQ. The reported findings offer valuable insights to policymakers, enhancing their awareness of carbon disclosure practices in Malaysia and emphasizing the significance of corporate governance in this context.
Further Validation for a Measure of Disordered Eating in an Independent Sample of Male and Female Elite Athletes: The Athletic Disordered Eating (ADE) Scale
Authors: Fatt Scott J. , Prnjak Katarina , Buckley Georgina L. , George Emma , Hay Phillipa , Jeacocke Nikki , Mitchison Deborah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundElite athletes experience unique pressures and cognitions associated with disordered eating, which may not be appropriately captured by existing tools. The Athletic Disordered Eating (ADE) scale is a recently developed and first measure of disordered eating specifically developed and validated in current and former athletes. This study aimed to provide further validation for the ADE in an independent sample of elite athletes.MethodParticipants were 237 elite athletes (MAge = 26.1, SDAge = 8.6; 75.9% female; 73.0% current athletes) participating in various sports across Australia and the United States. Participants completed an online survey including the ADE, demographic questions, and other measures of eating disorder symptoms (Eating Disorder Examination—Questionnaire Short‐form, Clinical Impairment Assessment), and related constructs. Twenty‐five athletes also completed a clinical interview to determine eating disorder caseness.ResultsThe four‐factor structure of the ADE from the original validation was confirmed. Further, the ADE demonstrated adequate measurement invariance across male and female current and former athletes; internal consistency for the total score and each subscale; convergent and discriminant validity; and criterion‐related validity—with a score of 40 balancing sensitivity and specificity against other scales with established cut‐offs for a likely eating disorder. The high‐risk cut‐off (ADE ≥ 33) had high sensitivity but low specificity in identifying eating disorder cases, as confirmed by the clinical interview.DiscussionThe ADE is a low‐time‐burden screening tool for disordered eating, validated in independent samples of diverse athletes. It should be considered for future use in screening, early identification, and monitoring treatment progress in elite athletes.
Conversion of tropical forests to water buffalo pastures in lower Amazonia: Carbon losses and social carbon costs
Authors: Kauffman J. Boone , Souza Fernanda M. , Costa Rodolfo F. , Barreto da Silva Antonio Elves , Ferreira Tiago O. , Megonigal J. Patrick , Ritonga Rasis , Gangga Adi , Novita Nisa , Pacheco Carla F. O. , Bernardino Angelo Fraga 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTropical peat swamp forests provide many important ecosystem services, especially their function as global carbon sinks. These carbon‐rich wetlands are widespread in South America, yet few studies have examined carbon stocks or losses due to land use change. In the lower Amazon, they are being converted to pastures largely utilized by domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). We quantified carbon stocks in intact peat forests and recently converted pastures (<10 years) at the Lago Piratuba Biosphere Reserve (LPBR) in the lower Amazon of Brazil. The soils of intact forests were typified by shallow organic (peat) horizons at the soil surface. The mean total ecosystem carbon stock (TECS) in intact forests was 354 ± 28 Mg C ha−1. In contrast, the TECS of disturbed sites was significantly lower (p = 0.02) with a mean of 248 ± 17 Mg C ha−1. We estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from water buffalo (due to enteric fermentation and manure deposition) to be 7.5 Mg CO2e ha−1 year−1. Considering GHG emissions from this land use, the social carbon costs (SCCs) arising from the degradation of coastal Amazon peatlands are as high as US$2742 ha−1 year−1. The SCC of meat produced from this land use is as high as US$100/kg of meat produced, which far exceeds the economic returns from livestock. Based on the estimated numbers of water buffalo for the southern portion of the LPBR and the time since initial disturbance, the annual GHG emissions from this land use are estimated to be 602,846 Mg CO2e year−1 with an SCC as high as US$111,526,524 million year−1. This land use also eliminates opportunity values and services of carbon storage and biodiversity that would be possible from a regenerating biosphere reserve.
Identification of Multiple Thermal Events in High‐Grade Metacarbonate Rocks Using Carbon Isotope Thermometry: An Example From the Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica
Authors: Satish‐Kumar M. , Kiran Sasidharan , Higashino Fumiko , Kawakami Tetsuo , Hokada Tomokazu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNine metacarbonate layers from the regionally metamorphosed terrane of the Sør Rondane Mountains in the Eastern Dronning Maud Land in East Antarctica were examined in detail for constraining the thermal events using carbon isotope exchange between dolomite/calcite and graphite. Equilibrium carbon isotope fractionation between dolomite and graphite suggested peak metamorphic temperature conditions reaching up to 802°C ± 29°C were estimated at the Balchenfjella locality, where multiple samples from six thick layers of metacarbonate rocks were examined. However, some of the samples exhibit lower carbon isotope fractionation reflecting the possibility of ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphic conditions, which is consistent with recent reports. Furthermore, several metacarbonate rock samples display large variations in δ13CVPDB values for graphite grains, despite dolomite and calcite showing homogeneous carbon and oxygen isotopic composition indicating signatures of retrograde metamorphism and fluid infiltration events. Detailed textural observation suggested alteration of δ13CVPDB values of graphite during retrograde metamorphism might have resulted due to the overgrowth of graphite crystals by the infiltration of low δ13CVPDB‐bearing fluids, the extent of alteration being a direct function of the fluid–rock ratio. Field evidence indicates the presence of carbonate veins cutting across the metacarbonate rocks suggesting that carbon isotope thermometry can also be utilised to understand the effect of external fluid infiltration. At Perlebandet locality the metamorphic temperature conditions were estimated to be around 915°C, whereas those from Tanngarden and Menipa gave lower temperature estimates. Detailed textural analysis of graphite in combination with isotopic composition provided clear evidence for retrograde events. Thus, our results provide tight constraints of peak and post‐peak metamorphic temperature conditions and a regional thermal structure for the Sør Rondane Mountains and further testify the usefulness of carbon isotope thermometry in polymetamorphic terrains.
Gender disparities in Hong Kong emergency medicine: Experiences of discrimination, harassment and career impact
Authors: Yi Leung Shuen , Chan Yiu Cheung , Kwong Po Yin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundWomen remain under‐represented in emergency medicine in Hong Kong, but the role of gender‐based discrimination and harassment in this disparity is unexplored.ObjectiveTo investigate gender‐based discrimination, work experiences and harassment among emergency physicians in Hong Kong.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was conducted among fellows and trainees of the Hong Kong College of Emergency Medicine. The survey included the Overt Gender Discrimination at Work (OGDW) scale, gender‐differentiated experiences, burnout and career intentions.ResultsOf 708 eligible participants, 236 (33.3%) responded. Female physicians reported significantly higher OGDW scores (median 13 vs. 8 and p < 0.001). 21.3% of women reported sexual harassment compared to 2.7% of men. Women were also more significantly likely to experience gender‐differentiated experiences including receiving gender‐based career advice, experiencing patient bias and feeling excluded. Female physicians were more likely to have seriously considered leaving the speciality (44.3% vs. 27.9% and p = 0.015). Both genders reported similar levels of burnout. Qualitative responses highlighted issues of mistaken identity, workplace discrimination and challenges in pregnancy and breastfeeding.ConclusionFemale emergency physicians in Hong Kong face higher levels of perceived discrimination, more frequent gender‐differentiated experiences and are more likely to consider leaving the speciality. Targeted interventions are needed to address gender disparities, improve reporting mechanisms for harassment and promote equity in emergency medicine. Future research should explore the impact of these experiences on physician well‐being and career trajectories.
Impact of Dual Phase Lag on Natural Convection Flow in a Porous Vertical Channel in the Presence of Periodic Boundary
Authors: Mukhtar N. L. , Jibril H. M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe dual‐phase‐lag (DPL) heat conduction model is utilized in this research to analyze the fluid flow of viscous fluid passing through a porous vertical channel with periodic boundary conditions. Periodic heating is subjected to the channel boundary. Equations regarding the model, including the momentum and energy equations, in which the DPL term is incorporated, all in dimensional form, are stated and are being transformed to their dimensionless form, then solved analytically by undetermined coefficients and variation of parameters. The actual expressions of temperature and velocity, as well as the heat transfer rate and skin friction, are determined. The effects of the DPL parameters, suction/injection, Prandtl number, heat source/sink, and Strouhal number on the dimensionless temperature and velocity profiles are demonstrated using graphs that are constructed with the aid of MATLAB. It was found during the investigation that the introduction of the DPL model, together with suction/injection in the channel, enhances the velocity and fluid temperature within the channel. Also, the decreasing effect of temperature gradient phase lag on fluid temperature and velocity conversed with that of heat flux phase lag. As an important contribution, the discovery of the effects of the phase‐lag parameters of the DPL model and suction/injection on fluid temperature and velocity would significantly help researchers advance the design of electrical and electronic systems.
Preclinical studies on the antitumor and non‐toxic effect of combining pirfenidone with vinorelbine and carboplatin in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Branco Helena , Rodrigues Catarina A. , Oliveira Júlio , Mendes Nuno , Antunes Catarina , Amorim Irina , Santos Lúcio L. , Vasconcelos M. Helena , Xavier Cristina P. R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) shows limited therapeutic response to vinorelbine and carboplatin. Combining these drugs with an antifibrotic drug may enhance their antitumor effect. Pirfenidone is an antifibrotic drug whose antitumor activity has been described in different types of cancer. This work aimed to perform preclinical studies on the combination of pirfenidone with vinorelbine, or with vinorelbine plus carboplatin, in NSCLC. Our data revealed that pirfenidone sensitized three NSCLC cell lines to vinorelbine by reducing cell growth, viability and proliferation, inducing alterations in the cell cycle profile, and increasing cell death (%). Importantly, pirfenidone increased the sensitivity of the three NSCLC cell lines to the combined treatment of vinorelbine plus carboplatin. This combined drug treatment (triplet) did not induce cytotoxicity against non‐tumorigenic cells. Notably, the triplet drug combination significantly reduced the growth and proliferation of A‐549 xenografts in nude mice, as also reduced vimentin and collagen expression. Most interestingly, the triplet treatment exhibited a safer toxicological profile than the doublet (vinorelbine plus carboplatin) currently applied in the clinical practice. Altogether, these preclinical data support the possibility of repurposing pirfenidone in combination with vinorelbine or with vinorelbine plus carboplatin for NSCLC perioperative treatment, improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing toxicity.
Brazil regresses in defending the sexual and reproductive health of its girls and women
Authors: Guida José Paulo de Siqueira , Surita Fernanda , Paiva Sara de Pinho Cunha , Andrade Rosires Pereira , Quintana Silvana Maria , Brilhante Aline Veras Morais , Rosas Cristião Fernando , Rocha Marla Niag dos Santos , Machado Marcia Sacramento Cunha 
Published: December 2024

SynopsisThe right to safe abortion in Brazil is at risk due to changes in the legal system.
Capacity building in obstetric ultrasound: Impact of simulation based clinical teaching on resident training at a health facility in India
Authors: Chawla Latika , Kumar Rajan , Rajaram Shalini , Rao Shalinee , Dubey Kanak , Bahadur Anupama , Gaurav Amrita , Khoiwal Kavita , Mundra Rajlaxmi , Kumari Om , Gill Poonam , Chaturvedi Jaya 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveCurrent postgraduate curriculum in India lacks practical training in ultrasound for residents in obstetrics and gynecology. The objective of this study was to develop and assess impact of a capacity building program utilizing clinical teaching and simulation to enhance knowledge and skills of residents at a healthcare facility in India.MethodsA training program comprising of 14 modules on basic obstetric ultrasounds was created over 3 months. These modules, validated by fetal medicine experts, underwent a pilot study for face validity. A total of 18 newly enrolled junior residents without prior ultrasound experience were recruited. A two‐day workshop included interactive module sessions and 6 h and 30 min of hands‐on training using an obstetric simulator. Pre‐ and post‐tests consisting of 50 multiple‐choice questions (MCQs) assessed knowledge. Follow‐up assessments were carried out at 1 and 3 months. Skill assessment at the third month was conducted using an objective structured practical examination (OSPE), alongside image submission by residents.ResultsThere was significant improvement in marks over time, with a mean pretest score of 24 ± 2.7 out of 50 marks, post‐test score of 36.81 ± 2.86 and stable scores (34.6 ± 3.21, 34.4 ± 2.96) during follow‐up reviews. OSPE scores at third month averaged at 21.47 ± 2.3 (maximum marks 30); image assessment scores averaged at 83 ± 8.62 (maximum marks 100). Participant feedback indicated a positive response to all program aspects (practicality, content and structured training). Confidence levels in performing clinical ultrasound improved significantly after attending the module (P < 0.0001).ConclusionSimulation with clinical teaching effectively enhanced knowledge and skills of residents, fostering confidence in performing basic obstetric ultrasounds early on in their residency. Integrating similar capacity building initiatives into residency training programs can improve healthcare delivery by ensuring a well prepared cadre of doctors skilled in obstetric ultrasounds.
Butorphanol Alleviates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation‐Induced Myocardial Injury by Activating Wnt/β‐Catenin Signal Pathway
Authors: Hao Shi‐Rui , Xie Zi‐Feng , Li Jia‐Xin , Wang Qin‐Zhi , Wu Ting‐Ting , Shen Tu , Wu Qiao‐Ling 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIschemic heart disease remains a global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Butorphanol, as a novel opioid, has been discovered with its cardioprotective properties. The purpose of this study was to explore that butorphanol can alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)‐induced myocardial injury by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signal pathway. In this study, Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and Western blotting experiments were performed to observe butorphanol cardioprotective function and expression of Wnt signaling pathway proteins. For the main result, anti‐apoptotic effect and higher expression of Wnt signaling pathway proteins were observed with the increasing concentrations of butorphanol. Compared with the H/R group, higher cellular viability, lower LDH release, and smaller apoptotic cell population were found in the butorphanol group. In addition, expression levels of apoptosis‐related protein Bax and Cleaved Caspase‐3 decreased, and increased expression of Bcl‐2 were observed. Conversely, the protective effects of butorphanol were attenuated in the XAV939 group. In summary, butorphanol attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation‐induced myocardial injury by activating the Wnt/β‐catenin signal pathway. Our work provides a theoretical basis for butorphanol's myocardial protective function.
Features of gastrointestinal acute graft‐versus‐host disease in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rattanaseksan Kritiya , Anurathapan Usanarat , Tanpowpong Pornthep 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) commonly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract among children who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Studies concerning GI‐acute GVHD (aGVHD) in developing countries are limited. Therefore, our aims were (1) to demonstrate clinical characteristics, endoscopic and histopathological findings in children with GI‐aGVHD post‐HSCT and (2) to compare features, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of children with GI‐aGVHD versus non GI‐aGVHD.MethodsA retrospective single‐center study was conducted on patients receiving the first successful HSCT aged <20 years old between January 2011 and December 2020. The patients were divided into groups with GI‐aGVHD (clinically or endoscopy‐histopathologically diagnosed) and without GI‐aGVHD. Various aforementioned data were recorded to compare the risk factors and clinical outcomes of children with and without GI‐aGVHD.ResultsAmong 246 children post‐HSCT, we identified 42 cases (17%) with GI‐aGVHD (32 cases with the clinical diagnosis and 10 cases with endoscopy‐histopathology confirmed diagnosis) and 204 patients without GI‐aGVHD. When compared with children without GI‐aGVHD, the GI‐aGVHD group had higher rates of hypovolemic shock, renal failure, more extended hospital stays, and deaths (all p < 0.05). The GI‐aGVHD group also had a higher proportion of cases with nonhematologic malignancy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–5.41, p = 0.047) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation before the GI‐aGVHD episode (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.09–4.51, p = 0.027).ConclusionsGI‐aGVHD after HSCT leads to increased morbidity and death. Underlying nonhematologic malignancy and history of CMV reactivation are associated with GI‐aGVHD. Direct links between the aforementioned factors and the development of GI‐aGVHD merit future studies.
Trends in Management of Malignant Bowel Obstructions: A Longitudinal Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Nehemiah Ariel , Sharon Cimarron , Tortorello Gabriella , Shafique Neha , Karakousis Giorgos , Krouse Robert 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMalignant bowel obstructions (MBO) are complex, heterogeneous disease processes which can be managed with surgical or endoscopic interventions. Patients with MBO often have advanced metastatic disease and poor functional status, which makes it difficult for providers to determine the best treatment strategy.MethodsPatients with urgent or emergent admissions and a primary or secondary ICD‐9/ICD‐10 diagnosis of bowel obstruction with an additional diagnosis of disseminated cancer were identified from the National Inpatient Sample (2000–2017). Patients were stratified into operative and non‐operative intervention groups. Multivariate regression determined factors associated with surgical treatment of MBO based on significant factors on univariate analysis. Trends in treatment over time were calculated using log‐linear regression to determine the annual percent change (APC).ResultsOf 1118 patients, 18% underwent surgery and 7% underwent endoscopic intervention. From 2000 to 2017, a decreasing proportion of patients underwent surgery (APC −2.4, p = 0.023) with a commensurate increase in endoscopic interventions (APC 5.3, p = 0.042). There was also a decrease in the proportion of patients who died during hospitalization (APC −4.3, p = 0.029). Surgery was associated with longer mean lengths of stay (13 days vs. 7 days, p < 0.001) and higher rates of in‐hospital mortality (13% vs. 6%, p = 0.001) compared to non‐operative management.ConclusionThe proportion of patients receiving surgery for MBO is decreasing and that receiving endoscopic interventions is increasing. In‐hospital mortality is also decreasing proportionately, suggesting an improvement in patient selection.
E3 ubiquitination ligase XIAP lightens diabetes‐induced cognitive impairment by inactivating TXNIP‐ERS‐mediated neuronal injury
Authors: Zhang Qin , Huang Hai‐Jin , Zhang Jing‐Ling , Tian Ying , Hu Ying 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDiabetes‐induced cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is a neurological disorder associated with diabetes, characterized by cognitive impairment driven by neuronal injury from chronic high glucose (HG) exposure. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanisms of the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)/thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) in hippocampal neuron cell death and cognitive function within DCD models. A diabetic rat model was established using a high‐fat/sucrose diet and streptozotocin injection. Primary hippocampal neurons were stimulated with HG to mimic diabetic conditions. Cognitive and memory functions were assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition test (ORT).