bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A qualitative approach exploring the experiences of smoking and quitting attempts in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Abu Ghazaleh Haya , Mulnier Henrietta , Duaso Maria 
Published: April 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of smoking and quitting attempts in people with type 1 diabetes, including their perceptions of existing services for smoking cessation.BackgroundIn the UK, approximately a fifth of the population with type 1 diabetes smoke and despite the adverse effects of smoking, these individuals continue with their smoking habits. There is limited information on the barriers and facilitators to quitting smoking in people with type 1 diabetes.Methods: This study adopted a qualitative study design using semi‐structured individual interviews guided by PRIME theory. Participants (n = 12) were purposively sampled and recruited from two diabetes outpatient clinics in London (UK). Audio‐recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the Framework method.ResultsMost smokers with type 1 diabetes reported lack of motivation to stop smoking due to the addictive nature of cigarettes. Further barriers to quitting included self‐image and habits associated with smoking, such as social activities. Generally, most reported limited awareness about the risks associated with smoking and diabetes. Moreover, the perceived negative attitude towards nicotine replacement therapy and pharmacotherapy impeded their willingness to alter their smoking habits. Nonetheless, these patients suggested that informative guidance from medical professionals and strategies to tackle cravings related to nicotine as helpful approaches to improve quitting attempts.ConclusionInternal and external factors influence quitting attempts among smokers with type 1 diabetes, with particular emphasis on self‐image and societal norms. It is evident that existing strategies for smoking cessation recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence have either not been implemented or not well received by people with type 1 diabetes.Relevance to clinical practiceStrategies and resources, such as staff training, to increase delivery of smoking cessation support to patients with diabetes are needed.
Does the demand regime matter over the medium run? Revisiting distributional issues in a portfolio framework under different exchange rate regimes
Authors: Razmi Arslan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIs demand in capitalist economies wage‐led or profit‐led, and does this matter over time? Empirical studies have found conflicting results for different countries and periods. Possible reasons may include the endogeneity of distributional shares, differences in the monetary policy/exchange rate regimes across countries, and divergence between macro behavior in the short‐ and medium‐runs. I theoretically explore these possibilities using a portfolio balance framework to keep track of asset stocks and wealth effects over time. With fixed exchange rates, the Central Bank's need to intervene in the asset market via official reserve transactions results in assigning a crucial role to the current account in constraining demand and output. The binding nature of this constraint vanishes with flexible exchange rates. Regardless of the exchange rate regime, the most important message that emerges is that, once we impose plausible constraints on dynamic behavior, the demand regime may cease to determine the effect of redistribution on the steady state levels of utilization, profit rates, capital and wealth.
Soil environment is a key driver of adaptation in Medicago truncatula: new insights from landscape genomics
Authors: Guerrero Jimena , Andrello Marco , Burgarella Concetta , Manel Stephanie 
Published: April 2018

Summary

Spatial differences in environmental selective pressures interact with the genomes of organisms, ultimately leading to local adaptation. Landscape genomics is an emergent research area that uncovers genome–environment associations, thus allowing researchers to identify candidate loci for adaptation to specific environmental variables.

In the present study, we used latent factor mixed models (LFMMs) and Moran spectral outlier detection/randomization (MSOD‐MSR) to identify candidate loci for adaptation to 10 environmental variables (climatic, soil and atmospheric) among 43 515 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 202 accessions of the model legume Medicago truncatula.

Soil variables were associated with a large number of candidate loci identified through both LFMMs and MSOD‐MSR. Genes tagged by candidate loci associated with drought and salinity are involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses, while those tagged by candidates associated with soil nitrogen and atmospheric nitrogen, participate in the legume‐rhizobia symbiosis. Candidate SNPs identified through both LFMMs and MSOD‐MSR explained up to 56% of variance in flowering traits.

Our findings highlight the importance of soil in driving adaptation in the system and elucidate the basis of evolutionary potential of M. truncatula to respond to global climate change and anthropogenic disruption of the nitrogen cycle.
An overview of plant division‐plane orientation
Authors: Rasmussen Carolyn G. , Bellinger Marschal 
Published: April 2018

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
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II.
Models of plant cell division
505

III.
Establishing the division plane
506

IV.
Maintaining the division plane during mitosis and cytokinesis
509

Acknowledgements
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References
510

SummaryPlants, a significant source of planet‐wide biomass, have an unique type of cell division in which a new cell wall is constructed de novo inside the cell and guided towards the cell edge to complete division. The elegant control over positioning this new cell wall is essential for proper patterning and development. Plant cells, lacking migration, tightly coordinate division orientation and directed expansion to generate organized shapes. Several emerging lines of evidence suggest that the proteins required for division‐plane establishment are distinct from those required for division‐plane maintenance. We discuss recent shape‐based computational models and mutant analyses that raise questions about, and identify unexpected connections between, the roles of well‐known proteins and structures during division‐plane orientation.
Exiting from Fragility in Sub‐Saharan Africa: The Role of Fiscal Policies and Fiscal Institutions
Authors: Deléchat Corinne , Fuli Ejona , Mulaj Dafina , Ramirez Gustavo , Xu Rui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper studies the role of fiscal policies and institutions in building resilience in sub‐Saharan African countries, focussing on 26 countries that were deemed fragile in the 1990s. We use a probabilistic framework together with GMM estimation to address endogeneity and reverse causality. We find that fiscal institutions and fiscal space, namely the capacity to raise tax revenue and contain current spending, as well as the quality of public expenditure, are significantly and robustly associated with building resilience. Similar conclusions arise from a qualitative study of 7 sub‐Saharan African countries in the sample that built resilience since the 1990s.
Revisiting mediated activism
Authors: Waisbord Silvio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this paper, my interest is to map out central arguments in recent studies of mediated activism, identify blindspots, and call for a sociological approach to link the study of media activism to a broad conception of social change. On a subject that brings together various disciplines and fields of inquiry, a sociological sensitivity to multiple forms of media activism and social change is necessary to understand not only what activists do with media but also the contributions of mediated activism to collective action and social change.
Post‐conflict police reconstruction:Major trends and developments
Authors: Wozniak Jesse S.G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractScholars have established effective and impartial policing regimes that are central to the development and maintenance of democratic states, especially in post‐conflict scenarios as the international community attempts to rebuild nations in the wake of dictatorial rule. Yet despite how common such efforts are, there remain serious gaps in the academic literature regarding this central aspect of state reconstruction. Recognizing that the model which is most commonly employed in practiced is woefully insufficient, scholars have begun to coalesce around a newer, more reflexive approach toward police reconstruction which more seriously grapples with the many political, economic, and social questions inherent to such efforts. However, despite this growth of the field, there remain significant gaps in the literature, especially around personnel recruitment and resource allocation. This article offers an explanation of these two models of post‐conflict police reconstruction, while explicating the remaining gaps in our collective knowledge.
Gender differences in the fluorescence of human skin in young healthy adults
Authors: Morvová M. , Jeczko P. , Šikurová L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundHuman skin naturally contains many endogenous fluorophores; therefore, fluorescence techniques can be used for monitoring of the human skin even in in vivo mode. The aim of this work was to study skin autofluorescence in vivo regarding the possible effect of gender.Materials and MethodsFluorescence emission spectra of young healthy Caucasian adults in 3 anatomical regions (forehead, hand, and inner upper arm) were taken with excitation at 280, 325, or 400 nm.ResultsThree emission bands were found in the spectra for both men and women: (1) an intensive band peaked at 340/280 nm (peak emission/excitation wavelength), corresponding to aromatic amino acids of proteins in epidermis; (2) a broad band with emission between 360 nm and 480 nm (excitation 325 nm) with a base peak around 390 nm and 2 side peaks at 420 and 450 nm, mainly due to collagen cross‐links in dermis with a possible weak contribution of elastin and mitochondrial NADPH; (3) a weak but distinct peak at 600/400 nm corresponding presumably to skin unmetalled porphyrins.ConclusionThe intensity of skin autofluorescence showed differences between genders and among anatomical regions. The 340 nm intensity was 1.4 times higher in the male group in all 3 anatomical regions studied. The highest intensity of skin autofluorescence for the peaks at 340/280 nm and 600/400 nm was found on the forehead, whereas the 390/325 nm band was most intensive on the inner upper arm in both genders.
Correspondence between retinotopic cortical mapping and conventional functional and morphological assessment of retinal disease
Authors: Ritter Markus , Hummer Allan , Ledolter Anna A , Holder Graham E , Windischberger Christian , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula M 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe present study describes retinotopic mapping of the primary visual cortex using functional MRI (fMRI) in patients with retinal disease. It addresses the relationship between fMRI data and data obtained by conventional assessment including microperimetry (MP) and structural imaging.MethodsInitial testing involved eight patients with central retinal disease (Stargardt disease, STGD) and eight with peripheral retinal disease (retinitis pigmentosa, RP), who were examined using fMRI and MP (Nidek MP-1). All had a secure clinical diagnosis supported by electrophysiological data. fMRI used population-receptive field (pRF) mapping to provide retinotopic data that were then compared with the results of MP, optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence imaging.ResultsFull analysis, following assessment of fMRI data reliability criteria, was performed in five patients with STGD and seven patients with RP; unstable fixation was responsible for unreliable pRF measurements in three patients excluded from final analysis. The macular regions in patients with STGD with central visual field defects and outer retinal atrophy (ORA) at the macula correlated well with pRF coverage maps showing reduced density of activated voxels at the occipital pole. Patients with RP exhibited peripheral ORA and concentric visual field defects both on MP and pRF mapping. Anterior V1 voxels, corresponding to peripheral regions, showed no significant activation. Correspondence between MP and pRF mapping was quantified by calculating the simple matching coefficient.ConclusionRetinotopic maps acquired by fMRI provide a valuable adjunct in the assessment of retinal dysfunction. The addition of microperimetric data to pRF maps allowed better assessment of macular function than MP alone. Unlike MP, pRF mapping provides objective data independent of psychophysical perception from the patient.
Prevalence and determinants of terminated and unintended pregnancies among married women: analysis of pooled cross-sectional surveys in Nigeria
Authors: Yaya Sanni , Amouzou Agbessi , Uthman Olalekan A , Ekholuenetale Michael , Bishwajit Ghose , Udenigwe Ogochukwu , Hudani Alzahra , Shah Vaibhav 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundInduced pregnancy termination and unintended pregnancy are two commonly occurring phenomena in the discipline of women’s reproductive health. In the present study, we explored cross-sectional data pooled from three rounds of Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) to understand the trends of prevalence of pregnancy termination and unintended pregnancy as well as the interplay of various sociodemographic and economic factors whereby these health issues occur.MethodsStudy participants were 79 825 currently married women aged 15–49 years. Data were collected from NDHS conducted in 2003, 2008 and 2013. Outcome variables were self-reported history of pregnancy termination and unintended pregnancy for the last birth. Data were analysed using descriptive and multivariable logistic regression methods.ResultsMean (±SD) age of the respondents was 28.7 years (±9.6). The overall prevalence of pregnancy termination and unintended pregnancy were about 11%. Older women had increase in the odds of terminated pregnancies, compared with women aged 15–19 years, while the converse was true for unintended pregnancy in the adjusted model. Educated women had significant higher odds of terminated and unintended pregnancies compared with women with no formal education. Women with higher wealth index were more likely to have unintended and terminated pregnancies after adjusting for other covariates. Remarkably, women who had unintended pregnancy were 1.47 times as likely to have terminated pregnancy compared with those who had no unintended pregnancy (OR=1.47; 95% CI 1.30 to 1.65). Experience of intimate partner violence had significant association with terminated and unintended pregnancies.ConclusionThe findings of this study showed that unintended and terminated pregnancies remain part of the issues to be addressed if the goal of ensuring healthy lives and promoting the well-being for all at all ages must be met. Stakeholders in Nigerian healthcare system should protect the lives of women who are vulnerable to the fatal consequences of unsafe abortion, especially in cases of rape, sexual assault, incest and where continuing a pregnancy would endanger the lives of women.
Are sweet snacks more sensitive to price increases than sugar-sweetened beverages: analysis of British food purchase data
Authors: Smith Richard D , Cornelsen Laura , Quirmbach Diana , Jebb Susan A , Marteau Theresa M 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTaxing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is now advocated, and implemented, in many countries as a measure to reduce the purchase and consumption of sugar to tackle obesity. To date, there has been little consideration of the potential impact that such a measure could have if extended to other sweet foods, such as confectionery, cakes and biscuits that contribute more sugar to the diet than SSBs. The objective of this study is to compare changes in the demand for sweet snacks and SSBs arising from potential price increases.SettingSecondary data on household itemised purchases of all foods and beverages from 2012 to 2013.ParticipantsRepresentative sample of 32 249 households in Great Britain.Primary and secondary outcome measuresChange in food and beverage purchases due to changes in their own price and the price of other foods or beverages measured as price elasticity of demand for the full sample and by income groups.ResultsChocolate and confectionery, cakes and biscuits have similar price sensitivity as SSBs, across all income groups. Unlike the case of SSBs, price increases in these categories are also likely to prompt reductions in the purchase of other sweet snacks and SSBs, which magnify the overall impact. The effects of price increases are greatest in the low-income group.ConclusionsPolicies that lead to increases in the price of chocolate and confectionery, cakes and biscuits may lead to additional and greater health gains than similar increases in the price of SSBs through direct reductions in the purchases of these foods and possible positive multiplier effects that reduce demand for other products. Although some uncertainty remains, the associations found in this analysis are sufficiently robust to suggest that policies—and research—concerning the use of fiscal measures should consider a broader range of products than is currently the case.
PHF5A Epigenetically Inhibits Apoptosis to Promote Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Zheng Yi-Zi , Xue Meng-Zhu , Shen Hong-Jie , Li Xiao-Guang , Ma Ding , Gong Yue , Liu Yi-Rong , Qiao Feng , Xie Hong-Yan , Lian Bi , Sun Wei-Li , Zhao Hai-Yun , Yao Ling , Zuo Wen-Jia , Li Da-Qiang , Wang Peng , Hu Xin , Shao Zhi-Ming 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) and its regulation play critical roles in cancer, yet the dysregulation of AS and its molecular bases in breast cancer development have not yet been elucidated. Using an in vivo CRISPR screen targeting RNA-binding proteins, we identified PHD finger protein 5A (PHF5A) as a key splicing factor involved in tumor progression. PHF5A expression was frequently upregulated in breast cancer and correlated with poor survival, and knockdown of PHF5A significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and tumor formation. PHF5A was required for SF3b spliceosome stability and linked the complex to histones, and the PHF5A–SF3b complex modulated AS changes in apoptotic signaling. In addition, expression of a short truncated FAS-activated serine/threonine kinase (FASTK) protein was increased after PHF5A ablation and facilitated Fas-mediated apoptosis. This PHF5A-modulated FASTK–AS axis was widely present in breast cancer specimens, particularly those of the triple-negative subtype. Taken together, our findings reveal that PHF5A serves as an epigenetic suppressor of apoptosis and thus provides a mechanistic basis for breast cancer progression and may be a valuable therapeutic target.
Significance: This study provides an epigenetic mechanistic basis for the aggressive biology of breast cancer and identifies a translatable therapeutic target. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3190–206. ©2018 AACR.
Tentando “chegar lá”: as experiências de jovens de um cursinho popular
Authors: Bonaldi Eduardo Vilar 
Published: April 2018

Este artigo retrata o caso de jovens de camadas populares que buscam alcançar o ensino superior com base em uma iniciativa de “cursinho popular” organizada na cidade de São Paulo. O texto busca caracterizar e evidenciar, primeiramente, os agenciamentos de socialização a partir dos quais esses jovens são investidos de disposições ao alongamento de suas expectativas escolares, incorporando o ensino superior como destino educacional pressentido como “possível” por eles. Em seguida, o artigo busca esclarecer como esses agenciamentos se desdobram, no entanto, em desajustes, limites e inadequações entre as disposições incorporadas por esses jovens e as exigências dos modos de seleção próprios às instituições de ensino superior público, que passam a ser valorizadas e pretendidas por eles a partir de suas passagens pelo cursinho popular.
<b>Report of the early winter migrants and resident birds in an inland wetland near Tundi Camp, Bajana, Gujarat</b>
Authors: Chatterjee Abhishek , Ghoshal Sudeshna , Chowdhury Soumyajit , Chakrabarti Pinakiranjan 
Published: April 2018

The study is based on the avian community observed in the region. In total, 1,079 individuals, 62 genera and 79 species of birds belonging to 35 families have been recorded. Among them, the family Anatidae with 20.42% incidence is the most frequent; immediately followed by the family Phoenicopteridae (10.59% of occurrence). Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger is the most abundant avian species observed. The community consists of 44% resident; 36% resident-migrant and 20% migrant bird species. It was observed that the concerned community shows a considerable diversity and a correspondingly low value of dominance. In the feeding guild analysis, the insectivore guild has the most number of recorded avian species. The feeding guild affiliations also point out that the overall community is fairly rich in its composition as it houses bird species belonging to various feeding guilds.
<b>The extinction of Faure’s Broom <I>Adenocarpus faurei</I> Maire (Leguminosae) in Algeria</b>
Authors: Miara Mohamed Djamel , Hammou Mohammed Ait , Skipper Jah 
Published: April 2018

This study presents efforts made to re-discover the narrow Algerian endemic Adenocarpus faurei Maire and the possible implications of this on the conservation of the Tiaret area in northern Algeria. Field investigations within an expanded perimeter around known historical localities were carried out over a period of five years. This prospecting effort yielded no positive sightings highlighting the very probable extinction of Adenocarpus faurei, and the lack of novel field data for many plants of high conservation priority in Algeria.
<b>Contrasting human perceptions of and attitudes towards two threatened small carnivores, <I>Lycalopex fulvipes</I> and <I>Leopardus guigna</I>, in rural communities adjacent to protected areas in Chile</b>
Authors: Sacristán I. , Cevidanes A. , Acuña F. , Aguilar E. , García S. , López M. J. , Millán J. , Napolitano C. 
Published: April 2018

The interaction between humans and small carnivores is a phenomenon especially frequent in rural fringes, as is the case of communities surrounding natural areas. In Chile, two species of threatened carnivores, the Darwin’s Fox and the Guigna, have increased their contact with humans due to human-induced changes in their habitat. The objective of this study was to characterize the interactions of these species with humans by assessing human perceptions and attitudes toward them, and to assess livestock and poultry ownership and management practices in local communities to evaluate their possible roles in the phenomenon. We conducted semi-structured interviews in rural communities adjacent to natural protected areas of two different regions in southern Chile. We found that people have a more positive perception of Darwin’s Foxes than Guignas, but both species are considered damaging due to poultry attacks. Livestock and poultry management was generally deficient. Improvements in animal management and education programs could lead to a significant decrease in negative interactions.