bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern means of committing computer crimes and patterns of their execution
Authors: Rossinskaya E. R. , Ryadovskiy I. A. 
Published: April 2019

The paper notes that the integration of modern information technologies in all spheres of human activity has led to the informatization and computerization of crime, when it is possible to commit almost any crime by means of computer tools and systems. There is a commonality of some elements of the mechanism of computer crimes, including information about the methods of these crimes.Means of committing computer crimes are considered from the standpoint of a new private theory of information and computer support of forensic activities, the subject of which are the laws of occurrence, movement, collection and study of computer information in the investigation of crimes. The objects are computer tools and systems, especially forensic technologies of collection (detection, fixation, seizure) and research of these objects to obtain evidence and guidance information. From the modern point of view, the method of crime is determined by personality, subject and circumstances of the criminal attack, the system of actions of the subject, aimed at achieving the criminal goal and united by a single criminal plan. The means of a crime commitment are divided into fully structured, including preparation, commission and concealment, and incomplete, when one or two elements are absent. The formation of the means of a crime is influenced by objective and subjective factors, which determines the determinism and repeatability of the means of the crime.The main means of computer crimes are considered: aimed at hiding unauthorized access to computer tools and systems; the use of Trojans for various purposes; infection of computer systems with viruses; the use of hardware and software systems for mass campaigns of malicious software distribution to mobile devices; computer attacks on local corporate networks, etc.It is established that the criminalistic regularity of the formation and implementation of computer crimes is a mandatory stage of preparation for the crime, which at the same time includes actions to conceal the traces of the crime, i.e. the methods of computer crimes are fully structured
Factors affecting carotid intimal medial thickness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, an analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Prabhuswamy K. M. , Joena M. Virgin 
Published: April 2019

Background: IMT assessment as a non-invasive imaging test is quite widely used especially among RA patients, the clinical applications of using such knowledge is scarce, hence study was conducted to compare the carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with healthy controls also to study the correlation between duration of rheumatoid arthritis, the activity of rheumatoid arthritis and other factors influencing (CIMT).Methods: In analytical cross-sectional study, of 80 participants of RA and 40 healthy controls, “DAS28” was used to assess disease activity. Carotid intima-media thickness assessed using carotid ultrasonography.Results: Mean age of the cases and controls was 43.9 and 44.38 years. Subjects with duration of disease <2 years, to 5 years and >5 years were 35%, 45% and 20%. The mean carotid intima-media thickness was 5.61mm in controls, and CIMT was 6.11mm in people below 2 years and 7.08 mm in people between 2 to 5 years and 8.00mm in people above 5 years which was statistically significant. The mean carotid intima-media thickness was 5.61mm controls and 6.86mm in people with low, 7.00mm in people with moderate and 6.95mm in people with high disease activity, which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Study findings revealed risk of increase in carotid intima-media thickness higher among RA patients in the later stages and can increase the patients’ susceptibility to cardiovascular events. The factors showing strong association with intimal medial thickness were the age and symptoms duration.
Do you really have sinus headache?
Authors: Satish Kumar K. , P. P. Devan 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Headache is a common symptom. Correct diagnosis of the etiology is the key to successful treatment. Chronic headache are misdiagnosed as sinus headache because of presence of overlapping symptoms leading to unnecessary treatment with no relief to the patient. We decided to undertake this study with the objective of evaluating patients with chronic headache for presence of chronic rhinosinusitis and hence assess the contribution of sinus headache to chronic headache.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, BG Nagara during the period January 2018 to December 2018. Patients presenting to OPD with chronic headache previously diagnosed as sinus headache were included in the study. A total of 174 patients were studied. All patients underwent detailed history taking, detailed ENT examination, and diagnostic nasal endoscopy. AAOHNS criteria for rhinosinusitis and IHS criteria for migraine and tension type headache were used for diagnosis. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> We found that only 13% (n=23) cases had chronic rhinosinusitis and hence diagnosed as sinus headache. 53% (n=92) had migraine, 31% (n=54) had tension type headache and 3% (n=5) could not be categorized.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Prevalence of sinus headache in our study was found to be 13%. There are high chances of misdiagnosing chronic headache as sinus headache because primary forms of headache can present with nasal symptoms. The AAOHNS criteria for rhinosinusitis and IHS criteria for migraine and tension type headaches are very useful and effective in making an accurate diagnosis.</p>
Estar presente ou estar no virtual? O uso de mídias sociais digitais para tomada de decisão sobre investimentos
Authors: Rocha Ronalty Oliveira , Nagatani Elisa Akemi , Melo Caroline Oliveira , Sales Jefferson David Araújo 
Published: April 2019

Diante da atual tendência comunicacional nas organizações, este trabalho buscou analisar as diferenças existentes entre o processo decisório tradicional (presencial) e o processo decisório mediado por redes sociais digitais, especificamente pelo aplicativo WhatsApp. A estratégia de investigação eleita para esta pesquisa foi o quase-experimento, em que estudantes membros de uma empresa júnior de administração foram divididos em dois grupos para simular uma decisão sobre investimentos. O primeiro fez uso de um processo convencional, com uma reunião presencial, e o segundo teve sua tomada de decisão suportada exclusivamente pela mídia social digital, o WhatsApp. Os dados foram coletados pela observação direta e preenchimento de relatórios de investimentos, ambos estruturados, e tratados com análises descritivas, que posteriormente foram comparados com literatura. Os resultados demonstraram que o uso da ferramenta virtual traz incrementos ao processo decisório, proporcionando maior foco, concentração e emprego de um grupo maior de critérios para a tomada de decisão, quando comparado ao processo presencial convencional. No entanto, a maior interação entre os participantes e a busca por fontes externas de informação, para dar suporte à decisão, ainda foram observadas de forma mais evidente no processo decisório convencional.
How to develop a training method directed towards real-time operators: key steps and main tools to the Brazilian Power System
Authors: Vignochi Luciano , Lezana Álvaro Guillermo Rojas , De Oliveira Claudio Magalhães , Romero Ana Maria Moreno 
Published: April 2019

The real-time operators act on phenomena characterized by uncertainty, incomplete information, time pressure, unexpected events, and security threat. Emergency and urgent situations demand rapid and effective decisions. This is the case of hospital emergencies, fire brigades, air traffic control, nuclear plants control, and power system operation. It requires the development of behavioral skills in training programs. This paper aims to describe how to develop a method to training programs for real-time operators. Steps and the tools to develop a training method were presented. Experts of the Brazilian Power System Operator Company evaluated the method. Results point to a method focused on power system operators with six key steps namely, Problem Analysis, Context Analysis, Identify Training Needs, Choose Training Techniques, Training Program Structure, and Evaluation. The simulation was the main tool, followed by a behavioral observatory based on roleplay. Test and apply the method to other types of real-time operations is needed to improve the proposed method.
ACCUMULATION BEHAVIOUR OF ALLANTOIN IN THE UNDERGROUND PHYTOMASS OF THE BORAGINACEAE FAMILY AND ITS ROLE IN ADAPTING THE PLANTS TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Authors: Tamakhina A. Ya. , Akhkubekova A. A. , Ittiev A. B. 
Published: April 2019

Aim.The aim of the work described herein was to study the dynamics of allantoin accumulation in the underground phytomass ofEchium vulgareL.,Symphytum caucasicumM. Bieb. andS. asperumLepech. as well as to clarify the role of allantoin in plant adaptation to stress factors.Methods.We studied the roots of plants growing in the foothill (Nalchik, 490–512 m above sea level) and the mountain zones of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (Terskol village, 2530 m above sea level; Verkhnyaya Balkaria village, 2680 m above sea level). The roots were collected at the stages of rosetting, flowering, fruiting and at the end of the growing season. Aqueous-alcoholic extracts of shredded roots were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.Results.The highest content of allantoin in the roots ofEchium vulgare,Symphytum caucasicum,S. asperumplants was noted at the end of the growing season, respectively 0.915; 0.342–0.658; 2,842–3,426%. Under conditions of low temperatures and increased solar radiation, the content of allantoin in the roots increases 1.2–1.9 times as compared with the plants of the foothill zone.Conclusion.Allantoin plays an important role in the process of adapting species of the family Boraginaceae to oxidative stress caused by hypothermia and increased solar radiation.
Synthesis, E/Z isomerisation and antimicrobial studies of different structured novel ketone derivatives.
Authors: SAYIK MEHAN Aysema , SENTURK Ebru , MATARACI KARA Emel , YUSUFOGLU Ayse Serguzel 
Published: April 2019

In this study five different structured mono ketones’
(k1- k5) novel derivatives as five
new hydrazones (h1-h5) and five new
semicarbazones (s1-s5) were
synthesized. The synthesized compounds
were identified by IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass and
chromatographic methods for their structures and E/Z isomerizations. These mentioned hydrazones and semicarbazones
were investigated for their antimicrobial activities. Seven bacterias and three fungis were tested.
Ciprofloxacin and Fluconazole were used as standards. MIC values were
determined. The relationship between structure and antimicrobial actvity was
discussed. Hydrazones were more effective than semicarbazones. Besides, acetyl
acetone as a diketone delivered the known
1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (p1) which showed very high antimicrobial activity than hydrazones
and semicarbazones against Klebsiella
pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Proteus mirabilis
ATCC 14153, Staphylococcus epidermidis
ATCC 12228, Enterococcus faecalis
ATCC 29212, Candida parapsilosis ATCC
22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 750.
Features of the Epidemiological Situation on Siberian Tick Typhus and other Tick-Borne Ricketsioses in the Russian Federation, Prognosis for 2019
Authors: Rudakov N. V. , Shpynov S. N. , Trankvilevsky D. V. , Pakskina N. D. , Savel’ev D. A. , Samoylenko I. E. , Reshetnikova T. A. , Kumpan L. V. , Pen’evskaya N. A. 
Published: April 2019

The review presents an analysis of the epidemic situation on infections of rickettsial etiology, the causative agents of which are transmitted by Ixodidae ticks in the territory of the Russian Federation. The data obtained through molecular-biological verification allow to unite under the name of “tick-borne ricketsioses” a group of infections caused by R. sibirica subsp. sibirica, R. conorii, R. heilongjiangensis and other species of rickettsiae circulating in natural foci of various regions of Russia. Cases of tick-borne rickettsioses in Siberia and the Far East, caused by various species of rickettsiae, are registered under the name of “Siberian tick-borne typhus” due to the lack of available methods of differential laboratory diagnostics. The paper presents the assessment of the incidence of Siberian tick-borne typhus, indicating not only the varying degrees of epidemic hazard of endemic regions, but also changes in the distribution of risk areas, including the identification of new, epidemically significant foci. In accordance with the risk-oriented approach to prophylaxis, forecasting of epidemic situation on tick-borne rickettsioses was given and differentiation of the endemic territories of the Russian Federation as regards Siberian tick-borne typhus was carried out with distinguishing of epidemiological zones of low, medium, above average, high and very high risk of population infection.
The Effect of the Level of Training of the First Assistant on the Outcomes of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery
Authors: Talathi Nakul S. , Flynn John M. , Pahys Joshua M. , Samdani Amer F. , Yaszay Burt , Lonner Baron S. , Miyanji Firoz , Shah Suken A. , Cahill Patrick J. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
At academic medical centers, residents and fellows play an integral role as surgical first assistants in spinal deformity surgery. However, limited data exist on whether the experience level of the surgical assistant affects outcomes.

Methods:
We conducted a multicenter, multisurgeon study comparing perioperative and postoperative outcomes after adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery for the same 11 surgeons who performed cases that were assisted by residents compared with cases that were assisted by fellows. Blood loss, operative time, duration of hospitalization, complication rates, Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 questionnaire scores, and radiographic outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
We evaluated outcomes for 347 surgical procedures; 118 cases were assisted by residents and 229 were assisted by fellows. Preoperative radiographic and demographic parameters were not different between the groups. The resident group had significantly more estimated blood loss than the fellow group (939 compared with 762 mL, p = 0.02). Otherwise, the perioperative characteristics were similar between the groups, including the volume of the autologous blood recovery system product that was transfused, the operative time, and the occurrence of intraoperative neuromonitoring changes. Postoperatively, the percentage correction of the Cobb angle, the number of levels that had been fused, the number of days until the discharge criteria had been met, and the rate of major complications were similar between the groups. At the 2-year follow-up, the overall and subdomain SRS-22 questionnaire scores were not different between the groups, except that patients in the resident-assisted group had slightly worse pain scores than those in the fellow-assisted group (4.3 compared with 4.5, p = 0.01).

Conclusions:
The first assistant’s level of training did not affect clinical or radiographic outcomes following AIS surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of Image-Derived Instrumentation on Total Knee Arthroplasty Revision Rates
Authors: McAuliffe Michael J. , Beer Benjamin R. , Hatch Joshua J. , Crawford Ross W. , Cuthbert Alana R. , Donnelly William J. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Computer navigation and image-derived instrumentation (IDI) are technology-based methods developed to improve outcomes and potentially reduce revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). IDI refers to the use of manufactured, patient-specific surgical jigs. Conflicting reports exist on IDI-associated improvements in outcomes. The primary aim of the current study was to compare the rates of revision among TKA cases in which components were initially implanted with use of IDI, computer navigation, or neither of these methods (“other” TKA). The secondary aim was to determine whether the outcomes of IDI differed for specific subgroups.

Methods:
Data were obtained from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) for the 3 TKA groups: IDI, computer-navigated, and other TKA. The study period was from the first IDI procedure recorded by the AOANJRR (April 2010) to December 31, 2016. The analysis was restricted to primary TKA cases undertaken for osteoarthritis and involving patellar resurfacing and the use of a cross-linked polyethylene insert. Subanalyses were performed to evaluate the effects of age, sex, implantation method, IDI manufacturer, prosthetic design, and prosthesis type on the rates of revision. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survivorship described the time to first revision. Hazard ratios (HRs, Cox proportional hazards models) with adjustment for age and sex were used to compare revision rates.

Results:
IDI was used in 5,486 primary TKA procedures. There was no significant difference among the groups in the cumulative percent revision (CPR) at 5 years: 3.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4% to 4.6%) for IDI, 2.4% (95% CI, 2.2% to 2.7%) for the computer-navigated group, and 2.5% (95% CI, 2.3% to 2.7%) for other TKA. Posterior-stabilized TKA with use of the IDI method had a significantly higher rate of revision at >3 months (HR, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.02 to 2.04]; p = 0.036), as did IDI TKA in the ≤65-year-old patient cohort (HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.10 to 2.09]; p = 0.010), compared with computer-navigated TKA. Patellar revision was significantly more likely in the IDI group.

Conclusions:
IDI TKA demonstrated no overall difference in early to mid-term revision rates compared with standard implantation methods. However, elevated rates of revision were seen with posterior-stabilized TKA, in patients ≤65 years of age, and for patellar revision, meaning that this method should be used with some caution and requires further study.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Revisiting the International Normalized Ratio (INR) Threshold for Complications in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Rudasill Sarah E. , Liu Jiabin , Kamath Atul F. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Consensus guidelines recommend use of the international normalized ratio (INR) to predict the risk of perioperative bleeding in orthopaedic surgery. However, current recommendations for targeting an INR of <1.5 are based on studies across all surgical disciplines. This study examined the impact of the INR on perioperative bleeding, mortality, postoperative infections, length of hospital stay (LOS), and readmissions following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database for adult patients who underwent primary TKA from 2010 to 2016. Patients for whom an INR had been recorded within 1 day before the surgery were stratified and analyzed for perioperative bleeding, mortality within 30 days, deep wound and superficial infections, LOS, and readmissions. Multivariable regressions were utilized to adjust for differences in demographics and comorbidities among INR groups.

Results:
Of 21,239 patients, 57.2% had an INR of ≤1.0; 38.1% had an INR of >1.0 to 1.25, 3.9% had an INR of >1.25 to 1.5, and 0.8% had an INR of >1.5. After adjustment, a progressively increased bleeding risk was found with an INR of >1.0 to 1.25 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.31, p = 0.001), an INR of >1.25 to 1.5 (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.63, p = 0.033), and an INR of >1.5 (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.29 to 3.14, p = 0.002) relative to an INR of ≤1.0. Patients with an INR of >1.5 were at increased risk for infection (OR = 5.34, 95% CI = 2.45 to 11.68, p < 0.001), but only patients with an INR of >1.25 to 1.5 were at increased risk for mortality (OR = 3.37, 95% CI = 1.31 to 8.63, p = 0.011) relative to those with an INR of ≤1.0. Overall and TKA-related readmission rates and LOS were significantly increased for patients with an INR of >1.25 to 1.5 or an INR of >1.5.

Conclusions:
An INR of >1.25 to 1.5 was associated with increased bleeding, infection, and mortality rates following TKA, and an INR of >1.5 was associated with increased bleeding and infection rates. Current INR target recommendations in consensus guidelines should be reconsidered.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Osteoid Osteoma About the Hip in Children and Adolescents
Authors: May Collin J. , Bixby Sarah D. , Anderson Megan E. , Kim Young Jo , Yen Yi-Meng , Millis Michael B. , Heyworth Benton E. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
The etiology of hip pain in pediatric and adolescent patients can be unclear. Osteoid osteoma (OO) about the hip in children has only been described in case reports or small studies. The present study assessed the clinical presentation and diagnostic course, imaging, and treatment approaches in a large cohort of pediatric cases of OO about the hip.

Methods:
Medical record and imaging results were reviewed for all cases of OO identified within or around the hip joint in patients <20 years old between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2015, at a tertiary-care pediatric center. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were analyzed.

Results:
Fifty children and adolescents (52% female; mean age, 12.4 years; age range, 3 to 19 years) were identified. Night pain (90%) and symptom relief with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (88%) were common clinical findings. Sclerosis/cortical thickening was visible in 58% of radiographs, although a radiolucent nidus was visible in only 42%. Diagnostic imaging findings included perilesional edema and a radiolucent nidus on 100% of available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans, respectively. Initial alternative diagnoses were given in 23 cases (46%), the most common of which was femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Delay in diagnosis of >6 months occurred in 43% of patients. Three patients underwent operative procedures for other hip diagnoses, but all had persistent postoperative pain until the OO was treated. Of the 41 patients (82%) who ultimately underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA), 38 (93%) achieved complete post-RFA symptom resolution.

Conclusions:
Initial misdiagnosis, the most common of which was FAI, and delayed correct diagnosis are common in pediatric OO about the hip. Presenting complaints were variable and nonspecific MRI findings were frequent. Night pain and relief with NSAIDs were present in the vast majority of cases. CT scans provided definitive diagnosis in all patients who received them. As increasing numbers of young, active patients are being evaluated for various causes of hip pain, such as FAI, OO should not be overlooked in the differential diagnosis.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.