bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(133) ORAL TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY ACHIEVES SERUM TESTOSTERONE ≥ 300 NG/DL IN MOST HYPOGONADAL MEN WITHOUT DOSE TITRATIONS
Authors: Miner M , Boldt-Houle DM , Atkinson SN 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Over 2.4 million US men have hypogonadism, defined as serum testosterone (T) levels &lt;300 ng/dL and/or symptoms of T deficiency. Negative effects associated with hypogonadism include development of metabolic syndrome, increased risk of coronary artery disease, decreased libido, low bone mineral density, and muscle loss. Oral T replacement therapies provide a route of administration that may be more appropriate for some patients’ needs.

Objective
We present secondary analyses of T data from a phase 3 study of oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) which is approved in 158, 198, 237, 316, and 396 mg doses, with the goal of demonstrating that the starting oral TU dose quickly and effective achieves normal serum T concentrations in a large proportion of men.

Methods
A phase 3, randomized, active controlled, open-label study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of oral TU in 222 hypogonadal men. Men ≥18 to ≤75 years with morning serum T ≤ 300 ng/dL twice in one week were eligible. Eligible patients were randomized to oral TU or transdermal T-gel from Days 0 to 42. The initial oral TU dose was 237 mg TU twice a day (BID). For men treated with the initial oral TU dose, serum T concentrations were evaluated at Day 21, 4 hours after the dose.

Results
165 men had serum T data. 85% of men achieved serum T concentrations ≥300 ng/dL on Day 21 at 4 hours after the first oral TU dose with no dose titrations. (Figure 1) For these 85%, the mean T concentration was 679 ng/dL.

Conclusions
Overall, the starting dose of 237 mg TU BID quickly and effectively increased serum T concentrations ≥300 ng/dL in 85% of hypogonadal men. The wide distribution of serum T concentrations for the same dose (e.g., 15% &lt;300 ng/d and 12% ≥1000 ng/dL) suggests that men likely respond differently to T replacement therapy. Therefore, an oral T replacement therapy that allows for dose titration would likely be preferable to a fixed dose. Future studies and investigations should evaluate patient factors that impact the magnitude of T increases allowing for more individualized titrations.

Disclosure
Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Tolmar, Inc.
Clarification: Industry initiated, executed and funded study.
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Tolmar, Inc.
(148) INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRY PAYMENTS ON PRESCRIPTION BEHAVIOR PATTERN OF TESTOSTERONE MEDICATIONS AMONG PHYSICIANS IN THE UNITED STATES: NATIONAL CLAIM DATABASE ANALYSIS
Authors: Kalidoss S , Venishetty N , Hussain Z , Bajic P , Raheem O 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Testosterone medications is commonly used to treat adult-onset hypogonadism worldwide including the United States. Physicians pattern of medication's prescription may be influenced by specific factors including pharmaceutical industry and financial relationships.

Objective
To determine the impact of physicians’ financial relationships with the pharmaceutical industry on prescribing marketed Testosterone medications ie, prescription behavior pattern.

Methods
We identified prescribers from the 2021 Medicare Part D Prescribers – by Provider and Drug dataset and the CMS General Open Payment Data Prescriber public use file. This file contains prescriber identifying information (name and practice address) and claim counts for all pharmaceuticals prescribed to beneficiaries with Medicare Part D coverage. We sorted the prescribers based on three categories, (All Providers, “Urologists”, and “Non-Urologists”). We included all prescription drugs labeled “testosterone”. We recorded the total number of prescriptions of “testosterone” drugs for each prescribing provider. We recorded the total number of financial payments each prescriber received for the generic-named “testosterone” drugs. Both the number of payments and the total value of payments were included.

Results
We identified 387,452 prescribers (273,978 urologists and 113,474 non-urologists) in Open Payment Data and Medicare Part D databases. Providers who received payment had a statistically significant higher number of prescriptions of testosterone medications compared to providers who did not receive a payment when prescribed testosterone medications. In 2021, the average number of prescriptions was 1.495 among all providers who received payment vs. 1.22 among all providers who did not receive payment (p &lt; 0.001). The average number of prescriptions was 1.499 among all “urologists” who received payment vs. 1.218 among all “urologists” who did not receive payment (p &lt; 0.001). The average number of prescriptions was 1.480 among all “non-urologists” who received payment vs. 1.226 among all “non-urologists” who did not receive payment (p &lt; 0.001) (Table 1).

Conclusions
There is a consistent association between receipt of industry payment and prescribing marketed Testosterone medications particularly among urologists providers. This database analysis does indicate that prescription pattern for testosterone is primarily influenced by industry payments particularly among urologists providers.

Disclosure
No.
Power, futuristic framings, and the problem of techno-fideism or How climate change breaks the promise of progress
Authors: Oreskes Naomi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Previous work has addressed industry disinformation in blocking climate action. This paper focuses on three additional matters. The first is political power. The second is anchoring effects and futuristic framing. The third is ‘techno-fideism’—an unreasonable faith in technology to solve social and political problems—and its relation to narratives of progress.
“Quality Women’s Healthcare Should Be A Top Priority”: Service Women’s Experiences With the Health Care Provided by the Netherlands Armed Forces
Authors: Verstegen Mohan K , van Baarle Eva M 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Fit and healthy military personnel are the basis for a strong organization and good health care is essential to ensure service people’s deployability. This applies equally to female-specific health care (FSH). Quality health care can help not only to recruit but also retain more women in the military. However, as there is a lack of empirical studies focusing on service women’s experiences with FSH, this study explores female military personnel’s experiences with FSH in the Netherlands Armed Forces (NAF), including conditions such as menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause in order to find ways of improving these women’s health care and self-care.

Methods
We carried out a qualitative study involving 4 focus groups of service women (n = 17) from all military branches of the NAF (Navy, Air Force, Army, and Military Police).

Results
Using inductive thematic analysis, we ascertained 4 key themes: inadequate knowledge and experience among military primary care providers; a perceived lack of gynecologists in the military health care system; difficulties around FSH-related self-care; and inadequate (and inadequately provided) information on menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Our findings imply several recommendations to foster good FSH. Changes are needed on four fronts: agenda setting, information, normalization, and implementation. Leaders and role models can bring the topic FSH to the chain of command’s attention.

Conclusion
The NAF are currently not focusing sufficiently on FSH. In order to provide their female personnel with a high quality of care, this will require changes in policy, implementation, and supervision as well as fostering the development of an open culture that enables discussions on FSH.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Physical Fitness in Air Force Basic Trainees
Authors: Crouch Elena , Marcus Joseph E , Yun Heather C , Casey Teresa M , Kieffer John , Winkler Erin , Osuna Angela B , Kasper Korey , Aden James , Kiley John L 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on physical fitness in previously healthy adults is not well understood. In this study, we assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the physical fitness test (PT) scores of Air Force basic trainees.

Materials and Methods
SARS-CoV-2 testing data and trainee fitness test scores for the calendar year 2021 were obtained from U.S. Air Force basic military trainees. Trainees perform a standardized fitness test including push-ups, sit-ups, and a 2.4 kilometer run at the beginning and end of their training. For this study, basic trainees who performed 2 fitness tests in 2021 and also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were defined as the infected cohort. These were 1:1 matched by sex to an uninfected control group of basic trainees. Changes in fitness test scores and pass–fail rates were then compared across the infected and control groups.

Results
A total of 23,450 basic trainees performed a PT in calendar year 2021, 975 (4%) of whom tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 621 (64%) had completed 2 fitness tests during the defined study period and were included in the infected cohort. There were 96 females (15.5%) in each group and 525 males (84.5%) in each group. There was no difference in body mass index between the infected and the control groups (24.0 [Interquartile range (IQR) 21.8 to 36.0] vs. 24.3 [IQR 21.7–36.9], P = .253). The infected group had a higher rate of failing their PT at the end of training when compared to control (15.7% vs. 4.3%, P &lt; .001). When comparing those who passed their first fitness test and went on to fail their second fitness test, this occurred more frequently in the infected group (2.3% vs. 0.81%, P = .037). When comparing trainees who failed their first fitness test and went on to pass their second fitness test, this occurred more frequently in the control group (46.3% vs. 39.6%, P = .016). Among the infected group, there were no differences in second test failure rates when comparing symptomatic to asymptomatic trainees (16.9% vs. 11.8%, P = .143).

Conclusions
SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an increased risk of PT failure as well as conversion from a passing to failing test score. There were no differences in second test failure rates in symptomatic compared to asymptomatic trainees. A key confounder to the data was the effect deconditioning had on fitness during isolation.
Monitoring observations of SMC X-1’s excursions (moose) III. X-ray spectroscopy of a warped, precessing accretion disc
Authors: Karam Rawan , Dage Kristen C , Tetarenko Bailey E , Brumback McKinley C , Haggard Daryl , Bahramian Arash , Hu Chin-Ping , Neilsen Joey , Altamirano Diego , Athukoralalage Wasundara , Charles Philip A , Clarkson William I , Hickox Ryan C , Kennea Jamie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The moose (Monitoring Observations of SMC X-1’s Excursions) program uses the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer Mission (NICER) to monitor the high-mass X-ray binary SMC X-1 during its superorbital period excursions. Here, we perform X-ray spectral analyses of 26 NICER observations of SMC X-1, taken at the tail-end of the excursion between 2021-04-01 and 2022-01-05. We use a single spectral model to fit spectra observed in high, intermediate, and low states, using a combination of a partial covering fraction model, a blackbody disc, and a power-law component. We find that the partial covering fraction varies significantly with the superorbital state during superorbital excursion. Our findings suggest that the low/high state in SMC X-1 is caused by a very high obscuration of the accretion disc.
Reionization relics in the cross-correlation between the Lyα forest and 21 cm intensity mapping in the post-reionization era
Authors: Montero-Camacho Paulo , Morales-Gutiérrez Catalina , Zhang Yao , Long Heyang , Mao Yi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The tumultuous effects of ultraviolet photons that source cosmic reionization, the subsequent compression and shock-heating of low-density regions, and the modulation of baryons in shallow potential wells induced by the passage of ionization fronts, collectively introduce perturbations to the evolution of the intergalactic medium in the post-reionization era. These enduring fluctuations persist deep into the post-reionization era, casting a challenge upon precision cosmology endeavours targeting tracers in this cosmic era. Simultaneously, these relics from reionization also present a unique opportunity to glean insights into the astrophysics that govern the epoch of reionization. In this work, we propose a first study of the cross-correlation of Ly$\alpha$ forest and 21 cm intensity mapping, accounting for the repercussions of inhomogeneous reionization in the post-reionization era. We investigate the ability of Square Kilometre Array (SKA) $\times$ Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI)-like, SKA $\times$ MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST)-like, and Packed Ultra-wideband Mapping Array (PUMA) $\times$ MUST-like instrumental set-ups to achieve a high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the redshift range $3.5 \le z \le 4$. Moreover, we assess how alterations in integration time, survey area, and reionization scenarios impact the SNR. Furthermore, we forecast the cross-correlation’s potential to constrain cosmological parameters under varying assumptions: considering or disregarding reionization relics, marginalizing over reionization astrophysics, and assuming perfect knowledge of reionization. Notably, our findings underscore the remarkable capability of a futuristic PUMA $\times$ MUST-like set-up, with a modest 100-h integration time over a 100 deg2 survey, to constrain the ionization efficiency error to $\sigma _\zeta = 3.42$.
Emulation of f(R) modified gravity from ΛCDM using conditional GANs
Authors: Gondhalekar Yash , Bose Sownak , Li Baojiu , Cuesta-Lazaro Carolina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
A major aim of cosmological surveys is to test deviations from the standard $\Lambda$CDM model, but the full scientific value of these surveys will only be realized through efficient simulation methods that keep up with the increasing volume and precision of observational data. N-body simulations of modified gravity (MG) theories are computationally expensive since highly non-linear equations must be solved. This represents a significant bottleneck in the path to reach the data volume and resolution attained by equivalent $\Lambda$CDM simulations. We develop a field-level neural network-based emulator that generates density and velocity divergence fields under the $f(R)$ gravity MG model from the corresponding $\Lambda$CDM simulated fields. Using attention mechanisms and a complementary frequency-based loss function, our model is able to learn this intricate mapping. We use the idea of latent space extrapolation to generalize our emulator to $f(R)$ models with differing field strengths. The predictions of our emulator agree with the $f(R)$ simulations to within 5 per cent for matter density and to within 10 per cent for velocity divergence power spectra up to $k \sim 2\, h$$\mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$. But for a few select cases, higher order statistics are reproduced with $\lesssim$10 per cent agreement. Latent extrapolation allows our emulator to generalize to different parametrizations of the $f(R)$ model without explicitly training on those variants. Given a $\Lambda$CDM simulation, the GPU-based emulator can reproduce the equivalent $f(R)$ realization $\sim$600 times faster than full N-body simulations. This lays the foundations for a valuable tool for realistic yet rapid mock field generation and robust cosmological analyses.
The multiple classes of ultra-diffuse galaxies: can we tell them apart?
Authors: Buzzo Maria Luisa , Forbes Duncan A , Jarrett Thomas H , Marleau Francine R , Duc Pierre-Alain , Brodie Jean P , Romanowsky Aaron J , Ferré-Mateu Anna , Hilker Michael , Gannon Jonah S , Pfeffer Joel , Haacke Lydia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
This study compiles stellar populations and internal properties of ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) to highlight correlations with their local environment, globular cluster (GC) richness, and star formation histories. Complementing our sample of 88 UDGs, we include 36 low surface brightness dwarf galaxies with UDG-like properties, referred to as NUDGes (nearly UDGs). All galaxies were studied using the same spectral energy distribution fitting methodology to explore what sets UDGs apart from other galaxies. We show that NUDGes are similar to UDGs in all properties except for being, by definition, smaller and having higher surface brightness. We find that UDGs and NUDGes show similar behaviours in their GC populations, with the most metal-poor galaxies hosting consistently more GCs on average. This suggests that GC content may provide an effective way to distinguish extreme galaxies within the low surface brightness regime alongside traditional parameters like size and surface brightness. We confirm previous results using clustering algorithms that UDGs split into two main classes, which might be associated with the formation pathways of a puffy dwarf and a failed galaxy. The clustering applied to the UDGs + NUDGes data set yields an equivalent result. The difference in mass contained in the GC system suggests that galaxies in different environments have not simply evolved from one another but may have formed through distinct processes.
Search for Dyson rings around pulsars: unexpected light curves
Authors: Kayali Ogetay , Haliki Emir , Bas Kubra , Nemiroff Robert J 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Finding Dyson rings around distant pulsars may involve identifying light-curve features that have not been previously identified. Previous studies covered the detection of a ring structure uniformly brightened by the central pulsar, mostly in infrared light. Here, more complex light curves are explored, which arise inherently from the pulsar beam spot’s commonly predicted superluminal speed. These speeds may cause multiple images of the pulsar’s spot on the Dyson ring to appear simultaneously to a distant observer, and so feature bright creation and annihilation events. Therefore, it is possible that even if Dyson ring structures had been observed previously, they might have remained unnoticed. Similar light-curve features may appear on naturally occurring dust rings around pulsars that reflect detectable pulsar radiation.
A Descriptive Study of On-Campus Music Therapy Clinics in the United States
Authors: Schwartzberg Edward T , Silverman Michael J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Some colleges and universities with music therapy (MT) programs maintain on-campus music therapy clinics (OCMTC). Understanding how MT programs manage and operate their OCMTC may help enhance clinical training and increase access for service users in local communities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand how academic programs manage and operate OCMTC. We designed an online survey divided into 3 categories: administrative (29 items), student involvement (7 items), and service users (11 items). We sent surveys to 89 MT program directors at approved academic institutions in the US. 38 participants responded to the survey, resulting in a 43% return rate. 24 respondents indicated they had an OCMTC and 2 indicated their OCMTC had closed. Respondents described an organized business approach and indicated their OCMTC provided individual and group MT sessions to a mean 45.60 (SD = 33.04) service users each week. Respondents reported a diverse clientele with the autistic community (94.12%) being the most commonly served. Nearly half of respondents used their OCMTC for student practica experiences and recruiting prospective students. Some programs integrated their OCMTC into academic coursework and class lectures. Limitations of the study and suggestions for developing and sustaining OCMTC are provided. Future research is warranted to understand how academic programs use OCMTC to prepare students and serve their communities.
Domainator, a flexible software suite for domain-based annotation and neighborhood analysis, identifies proteins involved in antiviral systems
Authors: Johnson Sean R , Weigele Peter R , Fomenkov Alexey , Ge Andrew , Vincze Anna , Eaglesham James B , Roberts Richard J , Sun Zhiyi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The availability of large databases of biological sequences presents an opportunity for in-depth exploration of gene diversity and function. Bacterial defense systems are a rich source of diverse but difficult to annotate genes with biotechnological applications. In this work, we present Domainator, a flexible and modular software suite for domain-based gene neighborhood and protein search, extraction and clustering. We demonstrate the utility of Domainator through three examples related to bacterial defense systems. First, we cluster CRISPR-associated Rossman fold (CARF) containing proteins with difficult to annotate effector domains, classifying most of them as likely transcriptional regulators and a subset as likely RNases. Second, we extract and cluster P4-like phage satellite defense hotspots, identify an abundant variant of Lamassu defense systems and demonstrate its in vivo activity against several T-even phages. Third, we integrate a protein language model into Domainator and use it to identify restriction endonucleases with low similarity to known reference sequences, validating the activity of one example in vitro. Domainator is made available as an open-source package with detailed documentation and usage examples.
Triplex H-DNA Structure: The Long and Winding Road from the Discovery to Its Role in Human Disease
Authors: Hisey Julia A , Masnovo Chiara , Mirkin Sergei M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
H-DNA is an intramolecular DNA triplex formed by homopurine-homopyrimidine mirror repeats. Since its discovery, the field has advanced from characterizing the structure in vitro to discovering its existence and role in vivo. H-DNA interacts with cellular machinery in unique ways, stalling DNA and RNA polymerases and causing genome. The foundational S1 nuclease and chemical probing technologies originally used to show H-DNA formation have been updated and combined with genome-wide sequencing methods for large-scale mapping of secondary structures. There is evidence for triplex H-DNA’s role in polycystic kidney disease, cancer, and numerous repeat expansion diseases. In polycystic kidney disease (PKD), an H-DNA forming repeat region within the PKD1 gene stalls DNA replication and induces fragility. H-DNA- forming repeats in various genes have a role in cancer; the most well-studied examples involve H-DNA-mediated fragility causing translocations in multiple lymphomas. Lastly, H-DNA-forming repeats have been implicated in four repeat expansion diseases: Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), GAA-FGF14-related ataxia, X-linked Dystonia Parkinsonism (XDP), and cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). In this review, we summarize H-DNA’s discovery and characterization, evidence for its existence and function in vivo, and the field's current knowledge on its role in physiology and pathology.