bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vapor Channel Oscillations in Laser Lithotripsy
Authors: Childs James J. , Kovalenko Anastasia , Altshuler Gregory , Smirnov Artur , Iorizzo Tyler W. , Paithankar Dilip , Yaroslavsky Ilya 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesLaser‐based endoscopic procedures present special challenges to deliver energy for ablation or coagulation of target tissues. When optical fiber–target quasi‐contact (< 0.5 mm distance) cannot be maintained or is undesirable, the creation of intervening vapor bubbles and channels provide for the necessary transmission of laser energy to the target. This work investigates the characteristics and the dynamics of vapor channels that directly affect ablation efficiency and ablation rate and are known to effect stone movement, all of which impact procedure efficiency and safety.MethodsA simplified, experimental model for thulium fiber laser (1940 nm) lithotripsy consists of a water‐filled cuvette and a vertically oriented laser fiber (200 μm core diameter) with its tip at 9 mm for “quasi‐free” bubble generation and at vapor channel working distances 1–5 mm from and centered on the transparent cuvette bottom simulating a target's surface. Laser power transmission is recorded and synchronized with video frames from a high‐speed camera (24,260 frames per second) to capture the induced vapor channels' and bubbles' development.ResultsLaser‐induced channel transmission from 0% to 100% for 1, 2, and 3 mm fiber–target distances undergoes oscillations with average periods of 0.32, 0.64, and 1.0 ms, respectively, for 500 W laser output power. For fixed fiber–target distances of 0.5, 1, and 2 mm, the variation of these average oscillation frequencies across laser powers from 500 to 1000 W is much smaller, not exceeding 14%. For fiber–target distances in the range of 1–5 mm, the fraction of the 500 W laser's total pulse energy delivered to the target for 1, 2, and 3 ms pulses linearly decreases from 0.78 to less than 0.2. The channel and bubble dynamics begin with a spherical seed bubble expansion centered on the distal fiber tip that evolves into a pear shape whose surface exhibits periodic irregularities attributable to laser beam interruption by water droplets within the developing bubble.ConclusionsThe study of laser‐induced channel oscillations provides quantitative information relating fiber–target distance to channel oscillation frequency and energy transmission onto a target. These oscillations directly effect ablation efficiency and ablation rates that are important parameters for the optimization of a procedure's safety and duration. Insights that may lead to further reduction in retropulsion are also presented. Lasers Surg. Med. 00:00–00, 2024. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
THE DIPLOMAT WITHIN: LEADING WITH UNITY IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD
Authors: Lazarus Alex , Fatehi Feyzi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe authors, who have varied and extensive experience in areas such as business and law, note that their “article leverages our collective experiences worldwide as leaders, lecturers, coaches, and speakers, that underscore the increasingly urgent need for diplomacy skills in everyday human interactions.” They further discuss the importance of diplomacy and diplomatic skills in modern workplaces. The authors “introduce the following three‐tiered Personal – Organizational ‐ External Diplomacy Framework, inspired by modern diplomatic thought. It cuts through dense literature on diplomacy and provides a navigational tool on how to add diplomacy skills into the organization’s DNA to nurture peaceful coexistence and achievement of goals, from interpersonal to global engagements.” They discuss three steps in detail, which in their words are (1) Mastering Personal Diplomacy, (2) Developing Organizational Diplomacy, (3) Developing External Diplomacy. For instance, core skills in step 1 are, in their words, self‐awareness, emotional intelligence, systems thinking, positive regard for others, effective communication, and trust building skills. Step 2 includes, in their words, Leadership Diplomatic Composure, Psychological Safety and Performance, Learning and Development, Engagement and Dialogue, Diversity and Teamwork, and Strategic Implementation. Step 3 includes, in their words, Engagement with External Stakeholders, Leadership in Global Challenges, and Public Diplomacy and Policy Advocacy.
Respiratory Dysfunction and Abnormal Hypoxic Ventilatory Response in Mild to Moderate Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Janssen Daalen Jules M. , Straatsma Isabel R. , van Hees Jeroen W.H. , Weevers Amber , van de Wetering‐van Dongen Veerle A. , Nijkrake Maarten J. , Meinders Marjan J. , Bosch Frank H. , Kox Matthijs , Ainslie Philip N. , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Thijssen Dick H.J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory dysfunction is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but it is unclear what parameters are sensitive to diagnose and monitor respiratory dysfunction across disease phases.ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize respiratory dysfunction in mild to moderate PD.MethodsIn 20 individuals without cardiopulmonary comorbidity, pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function testing were performed ON‐medication. Subsequently, the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia (HVR) was assessed by gradually decreasing FIO2 from 0.209 (room air) to 0.127, which was compared to eight age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls under arterial blood gas monitoring. Lastly, on different days, the same 20 individuals with PD underwent six blinded exposures to 45‐min normobaric hypoxia at FiO2 0.163 and 0.127 or placebo OFF‐medication to assess breathing responses.ResultsAt rest, individuals with greatest PD severity had a lower tidal volume (pairwise comparisons: 0.59 vs. 0.74, P = 0.038–0.050) and tended to have a higher breathing frequency (17.7 vs. 14.4, P = 0.076), despite normal pulmonary function. A 45‐min exposure to hypoxia induced a significantly lower acute HVR in individuals with PD compared to controls (−0.0489 vs. 0.133 L.min/%, P = 0.0038). Acute HVR was reduced regardless of disease severity. Subacute HVR in individuals with milder disease tended to be higher compared to those with more advanced disease (P = 0.079).ConclusionsRespiratory dysfunction is present in individuals with PD, including those with relatively mild disease severity, and is characterized by altered breathing patterns at rest, as well as a lower HVR, despite normal pulmonary and inspiratory muscle function testing.
Reversibly Compressible Cross‐Linked Polystyrene Gels, Compatible With Toluene‐d8 and Pyridine‐d5, for Measurement of Residual Dipolar Couplings and Residual Chemical Shift Anisotropies
Authors: dos Santos Franciane G. , Carvalho Daiane S. , Hallwass Fernando , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA chemically cross‐linked version of polystyrene is presented here that allows the preparation of reversibly mechanically compressible gels as NMR weakly aligning media. The gels can be successfully swollen in aromatic solvents such as toluene‐d8 and pyridine‐d5, as well as in CDCl3, and provided accurate measurements of 1DCH RDCs and 13C‐RCSAs.
Radiofrequency‐transparent local B0 shimming coils using float traps
Authors: Liu Changzhe , Liang Hao , Lu Ming , Gore John C. , Sengupta Saikat , Yan Xinqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeStatic field (B0) inhomogeneities present a major challenge in high‐field MRI. Multicoil shimming using independent, local, direct‐current (DC) shim coils has emerged as a powerful and flexible technique to address this issue. However, many‐turn DC coils can lead to significant mutual coupling with radiofrequency (RF) coils, causing transmit field (B1+) distortions and signal‐to‐noise ratio degradation.MethodsWe introduce an innovative RF‐transparent DC coil that performs B0 shimming while minimizing RF performance impact. The design incorporates float traps to maintain high RF impedance, allowing flexible placement relative to the RF coil without compromising signal‐to‐noise ratio or affecting B1+. We fabricated square‐shaped DC coils with float traps for 3T MRI and compared them with conventional DC coils. To demonstrate high ΔB0/Amp efficiency, we conducted a B0 shimming experiment around a metal hip implant.ResultsBench tests and MRI experimental results demonstrated that the RF‐transparent DC coil effectively minimized RF interference, preserved signal‐to‐noise ratio, and maintained B1+, even when placed near the RF receive coil. Additionally, the DC coil significantly improved B0 homogeneity near metal implants and substantially reduced image distortion.ConclusionThe RF‐transparent DC coil offers a flexible, effective solution for managing B0 inhomogeneities, paving the way for integrating multiturn DC coils in clinical MRI settings without extensive hardware modifications.
Nonsingular Indirect Boundary Element Method and Multistrategy Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Applied to 3D Subsurface Cavity Inversion
Authors: Liu Zhongxian , Zhu Shuo , Cheng Alexander H. D. , Huang Zhenen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe inversion of subsurface geological structures is a crucial approach for gaining insights into the internal composition of the earth. In this paper, we propose a novel inversion method combining the nonsingular indirect boundary element method (IBEM) with the multistrategy particle swarm optimization (MSPSO) algorithm, tailored for accurately inverting 3D subsurface cavities. Leveraging the semi‐analytical nature of IBEM offers advantages such as dimensionality reduction, automatic fulfillment of radiation conditions at infinity, and high computational accuracy. Furthermore, to augment global optimization and local search capabilities, an MSPSO algorithm is introduced. Employing multiple optimization strategies enhances particle diversity, accelerates algorithm convergence, and mitigates the risk of local optima. Through the consideration of subsurface cavities with varying parameters, this method quickly identifies the approximate location of the cavity within a wide search range. The final results demonstrate that the proposed method can simultaneously and accurately invert the 3D spatial position, size, and orientation of the cavity.
Lateral Response Analysis of a Large‐Diameter Pile Under Combined Horizontal Dynamic and Axial Static Loads in Nonhomogeneous Soil
Authors: Jiang Jie , Ai Yonglin , Chen Lijun , Chai Wencheng , Chen Mingxi , Ou Xiaoduo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe large diameter piles are widely used in structures such as offshore wind turbines due to their superior lateral load‐bearing capacity. To explore the lateral response of a large‐diameter pile under combined horizontal dynamic and axial static loads in nonhomogeneous soil, a simplified analytical model of the pile–soil interaction is developed. This model represents the pile as a Timoshenko beam resting on the Pasternak foundation, incorporating the double‐shear effect by considering both pile and soil shear. The governing matrix equations for the pile elements are derived from the principle of virtual work. Further, the pile's lateral deformations and internal forces are obtained using the modified finite beam element method (FBEM) and then validated through existing analytical solutions. Finally, the contribution of various properties of pile, soil, and applied load to the pile's lateral vibration response are performed. It is found that both pile and soil shear effects significantly impact the lateral dynamic response of a large‐diameter pile. Additionally, in nonhomogeneous soil, decreasing surface soil strength and dimensionless frequency lead to increased lateral displacements and bending moments of the pile, which are significantly affected by the P‐Δ effect under increasing axial load.
Nurse Educators and Faculty Members Challenges Towards Online Teaching During COVID‐19 Pandemic Crisis: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Alqahtani Friyal Mubarak 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe effects of COVID‐19 have brought numerous changes in society in the past several months. Lifestyles, business sectors, educational facilities and healthcare services have been greatly affected, causing individuals to be alarmed about future repercussions. This study investigated the various challenges of nursing faculties in conducting online teaching during the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis.DesignQualitative description.MethodIndividual interviews were conducted among 20 nurse educators and faculty members, including professors, lecturers and demonstrators utilising a semistructured interview guide. This study utilised qualitative content analysis. COREQ criteria list was used in the qualitative data reporting.ResultThree major themes were generated from the experiences of the participants namely: (1) ‘lack of teacher–student interaction’ (2) ‘digital literacy and technical issues’ and (3) ‘curriculum structure and programme quality’. The study's benefits will enable the nurse faculties to realise and conceptualise ways and means to mitigate the challenges in conducting online teaching since the effects of COVID‐19 continue to increase. Nurse faculties must prepare various strategies approach to deliver education without compromising their quality.Patient or Public ContributionExperts from various fields were consulted in the planning of the data gathering procedures, analysis of data and reviewing of the manuscript.
Interventional Strategies to Mitigate Maternal Stress and Enhance Coping Skills During Neonatal Admission Into Intensive Care Units in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: Siva N. , Velayudhan Binil , Nayak Baby S. , Lewis Leslie Edward S. , Iqbal Faiza , Noronha Judith Angelitta 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMothers of high‐risk neonates experience tremendous stress during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. This stress has a negative impact on mothers' participation in neonatal care activities, psychological health and coping skills in the NICU.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of interventional strategies to reduce maternal stress and enhance coping skills during neonatal admission to the NICU.DesignA scoping review was carried out following the methodological framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley.MethodsThis scoping review was conducted as per the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, including a quality appraisal checklist for randomised and nonrandomised controlled trials. Patterns, advances, gaps, evidence for practice and research recommendations from the review (PAGER framework) were used to report the results. The following international databases were used to search for primary articles: Medline via PubMed, EBSCOhost via CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and the ProQuest Medical Library. Original studies published in English between January 2011 and January 2023 from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) that assessed maternal stress and coping skills during neonatal NICU admission were included in the review.ResultsThe review included 15 articles from LMICs, of which 60% were from middle‐income, 25% were from lower‐middle‐income and 15% were from low‐income countries. Interventional strategies were described under five categories. Maternal stress decreased significantly across all three subscales of the PSPS: ‘sight and sound’, ‘baby looks and behavior’ and ‘parental relationship with baby and role alteration’ during neonatal NICU admission. Interventional strategies involving family‐centred care and emotional and psychological supportive care have been reported to have a consistently positive impact on alleviating maternal stress and enhancing coping skills in the NICU.ConclusionHealthcare professionals, especially nurses, are pivotal in promptly recognising maternal stress and NICU stressors. The participation of mothers in neonatal care, such as through family‐centred care and emotional support interventions, significantly reduces maternal stress and enhances coping skills.
Risk related to gestational weight loss among individuals with obesity: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Guo Yanfang , Souza Sara C. S. , Bruce Liam , Luo Rong , El‐Chaâr Darine , Gaudet Laura M. , Muldoon Katherine , Hawken Steven , Dunn Sandra I. , Rennicks White Ruth , Dingwall‐Harvey Alysha L. J. , Walker Mark C. , Wen Shi Wu , Corsi Daniel J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThere is no clear evidence on the risk of gestational weight loss (GWL) for individuals with obesity. Our study aimed to assess the association between GWL and adverse perinatal outcomes among individuals with obesity.MethodsThis population‐based retrospective cohort study examined individuals with prepregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 who had a singleton pregnancy, using Ontario, Canada, birth registry data from 2012 to 2020. The primary outcome was a composite of adverse outcomes, including perinatal death and neonatal morbidity. The association between GWL and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes was estimated using generalized estimating equation models and restricted cubic spline regression analysis. Stratified analysis was conducted by obesity class.ResultsOf the 157,205 individuals with obesity, 6.1% experienced GWL. Compared with adequate gestational weight gain, GWL was associated with an increased risk of a composite of adverse perinatal outcomes (adjusted risk ratio: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.22–1.39). Similar results were observed in the stratified analysis. Restricted cubic spline regression analysis revealed that average weekly gestational weight changes displayed a nonlinear U‐shaped association, with a higher risk of a composite of adverse perinatal outcomes noted in the extremities, particularly toward GWL and excessive weight gain.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that GWL may increase the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes across all obesity classes.
Depot‐specific differences and heterogeneity of adipose‐derived stem cells in diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Guo Honglin , Sheng Ailing , Qi Xiangyu , Zhu Lin , Wang Guanyu , Zou Yizhou , Guan Qingbo , Lu Yuntao , Tang Hui , Hou Xu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveObesity is a global health concern. Studying the heterogeneity of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) plays a pivotal role in understanding metabolic disorders, such as obesity.MethodsMass cytometry was used to determine the depot‐specific differences and heterogeneity of ADSCs and their alterations at the single‐cell level in a diet‐induced‐obesity (DIO) model in which mice were treated with liraglutide.ResultsWe characterized the relationship among ADSC markers and found that CD26 and CD142 could identify the most representative heterogeneous ADSCs in subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue. Specifically, CD26+CD142− and CD26+CD142+ ADSCs were exclusive to subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adipose tissue, respectively, whereas CD26−CD142+ ADSCs were present in both. RNA analysis explored the potential functions of these three subgroups. In the visceral adipose tissue of DIO mice, we observed a substantial downregulation of CD26+CD142+ ADSCs and upregulation of CD26−CD142+ ADSCs, both of which were mitigated by liraglutide treatment.ConclusionsOur study highlights the depot‐specific differences and heterogeneity of ADSCs and their alterations under DIO conditions, which can potentially be reversed by liraglutide treatment. This study provides new insights into the identification of more specific ADSC subgroups to explore the etiology of metabolism‐related diseases.
Additive manufacturing of sandwich panels with continuous fiber reinforced high modulus composite facings
Authors: Ibitoye Femi A. , Radford Donald W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn improved approach consisting of a combination of fiber placement and fused filament fabrication is introduced for the additive manufacture (AM) of structural grade sandwich beams. Here, sandwich beams are additively manufactured using in‐situ deposition and consolidation of continuous fiber unidirectional facings made from a commingled yarn system of e‐glass fiber (~50% vol.) and amorphous PET, and a hexagonal honeycomb core structure made from PETG. Both facings and the sandwich core are manufactured on a single machine, in one sequence (skin‐core‐skin), employing the benefit of matrix compatibility to create autohesion at the interfaces. Flexural and transverse shear rigidity are determined experimentally and compared with analytical predictions and show correlation to within 3%. Flexural strength and core shear strength are also measured. Post‐mortem examinations show that core fracture and core facing debond were the dominant failure mode in flexure. Single cantilever beam tests were performed to evaluate core facing debond toughness. Subsequently, surface preheat using infrared heaters was utilized to increase autohesion between core and facing. The results show debond toughness was increased 4 times using infrared heating. This research effort presents a manufacturing approach that has the potential for the AM of stiff, well bonded, structural grade sandwich beams, in an integrated sequence, employing in‐situ consolidation to the facings, without the need for the use of intermediate adhesives for skin‐to‐core bonding.Highlights
An improved additive manufacturing technique for making sandwich panels is developed.
Sandwich panel facings have fiber volume fractions of approximately 50%.
Surface preheat improves core‐to‐facing debond toughness by a factor of 4.
Top and bottom facings are consolidated during manufacture leading to better properties.
Experimental results are compared to analytical predictions and show good correlation.