bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep neural network‐based mechanical behavior analysis for various masonry infill walls with hybrid fiber mortar
Authors: Pitchaipillai Neelamegam , Paramasivam Suresh Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReinforced Concrete buildings with masonry infills are among the most common structural systems in many countries with regions of high seismicity. Masonry infill walls increase robustness of damaged RC structures. Although their mechanical contribution is usually neglected in structural analysis and design, they significantly affect the seismic response of RC frames. In this paper, we concentrate on the development of infill walls by using various structure design and brick types. An experimental investigation is carried out on two types of mortar mixes like conventional mortar and mortar used with hybrid fibers (polypropylene, sisal, kenaf, and aramid). Here, two types of masonry brick infills such as clay bricks and fly ash bricks are used. After construction of the specimens, each was marked properly according to their respective test of total 60 specimens, which have conventional and fiber‐mixed mortars. After 28 days curing, the masonry specimens attain their full strength and they became ready for the test. The material ratio followed to construct test specimens was according to the Indian standard. The shear test is conducted for masonry triplets and the flexural test is conducted for masonry wall panel structures. After that, the mechanical properties of this structure are validated with the help of the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM)‐based Deep Neural Network (DNN). The performance of the proposed modeling is evaluated by comparing with those of the existing techniques.
Experimental analysis on the relationship between pore structure and capillary water absorption characteristics of cement‐based materials
Authors: Zhao Haitao , Ding Jian , Huang Yuyu , Tang Yimin , Xu Wen , Huang Donghui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCapillary absorption capacity has an important influence on the durability of concrete and is closely related to pore structure. In this study, the pore structure and capillary water absorption of samples were determined by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and the gravimetric method, respectively. The test results show that the most probable pore diameter and equivalent pore diameter of cement‐based materials increase with increasing water to cement ratio (w/c) and fly ash (FA) content and decrease with increasing curing age and cement to sand ratio (c/s). The porosity of cement‐based materials increases with increasing w/c and c/s, decreases with increasing curing age, and first decreases and then increases with increasing FA content. The curves for the amount of capillary water absorption per unit area in specimens with the square root of time for cement‐based material under different influence factors are similar and show obvious linear and stable stages. The capillary absorption coefficient is nearly linearly related to w/c or c/s, and nonlinearly related to curing age or FA content, observation that are well correlated with the porosity and square root of the equivalent pore radius. A modified model is proposed for the capillary absorption coefficient with consideration of the pore structure, and the theoretical results of the model are in good agreement with the test results.
Movement and Out‐Migration of Juvenile Atlantic Sturgeon in Georgia, USA
Authors: Fox Adam G. , Peterson Douglas L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAtlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus, a federally endangered anadromous fish, persist along the East Coast of North America. Despite two decades of federal protection, many populations have yet to fully recover and major knowledge gaps remain, especially in the southern portion of the species’ range. The seasonal movement patterns of river‐resident juveniles (RRJs) are not well understood, and little is known about the transition from the RRJ life stage to the marine‐migratory juvenile (MMJ) life stage. During the summers of 2014–2016 we captured and acoustically tagged age‐1 RRJ Atlantic Sturgeon in the Ogeechee, Altamaha, and Satilla rivers, Georgia, to (1) describe and quantify seasonal movements of RRJ Atlantic Sturgeon in order to identify important estuarine nursery areas and (2) examined temporal patterns of out‐migration in order to better understand the critical transition from RRJ to MMJ in Georgia rivers. Movements of 79 fish were monitored using an array of stationary receivers deployed downstream from the heads of tide in each river system. During the summer months in each river, the fish congregated in upriver, freshwater reaches, but during the winter months they moved downriver and became more broadly distributed. Some fish (36.7%; n = 29) migrated back up their natal river in the spring and remained there as age‐2 RRJs. We observed the out‐migration of 30.4% (n = 24) of age‐2 MMJs only during December–March, based on detections outside their natal river. The results of this study support the assumption of the closure of age‐1 populations that underpins recent quantitative studies of Atlantic Sturgeon recruitment.
Sleep‐related behaviors in zoo‐housed giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata): Basic characteristics and effects of season and parturition
Authors: Takagi Naoko , Saito Miho , Ito Hideyuki , Tanaka Masayuki , Yamanashi Yumi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite increasing interest in the behavior of zoo animals, studies of nocturnal behavior of zoo animals are limited. In this study, we investigated the relationship between parturition, season, and the sleep‐related behaviors in captive reticulated giraffes to better understand the nocturnal life in giraffes. The subjects were two adult reticulated giraffes living in Kyoto City Zoo, Japan. Observations were made via an infrared camera that was mounted in the indoor enclosure between June 2007 and August 2009. We analyzed video clips that were recorded between 16:30 and 09:00 the next morning, over a total of 199 days. Sleep‐related behaviors were classified into two categories based on the posture of the giraffes; recumbent posture and paradoxical sleep. We also recorded the laterality of recumbent posture, which was coded based on the direction of the legs against the torso (right or left). Seasonal differences in sleep behaviors between summer and winter were observed in both individuals. They tended to start to lie down earlier in the winter than in the summer. Parturition also affected the behaviors as both individuals decreased the behaviors before and after the parturition of the female. Additionally, the female lay on her left side less frequently than her right when resuming a recumbent posture in the pre‐parturition period, while such laterality was not observed in the baseline and post‐parturition period. These results suggested that season and parturition are important factors for determining the sleep‐related behaviors in giraffes. Further studies are needed to understand how these changes in sleep affect other welfare parameters.
Special Issue on Variational Inequalities: Consistent Conjectural Variations Coincide with the Nash Solution in the Meta-Model
Authors: Kalashnikov Viacheslav , Kalashnykova Nataliya , Flores-Muñiz José G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe keep investigating the properties of consistent conjectural variations equilibrium (CCVE) developed for a single-commodity oligopoly. Although, in general, the consistent conjectures are distinct from those of Cournot-Nash, in our previous papers, we established the following remarkable fact. Define a meta-model as such where the players are the same agents as in the original oligopoly but now using the conjectures as their strategies. Then the Cournot-Nash equilibrium in the meta-model generated the consistent conjectural variations equilibrium in the original oligopoly. In this paper, we study the conditions under which the inverse is also true, that it, every consistent CVE provides for the Cournot-Nash optimal strategies for the meta-model. This equivalence allows one to extend the concept of CCVE to other kinds of economic and financial models lacking the oligopoly structure.
Relative Assessment of Tectonic Activity along the Seismically Active Katrol Hill Fault, Kachchh, Western India
Authors: Das Archana , Prizomwala S.P. , Solanki Tarun , Chauhan Gaurav , Thakkar M.G. , Bhatt Nilesh 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
The Katrol hill fault (KHF) is a 71 km long fault, striking E-W in the Kachchh intraplate region, western India which is moderately active, seismically, but exhibit high strain rate with considerable vertical deformation. It is dissected by several young transverse faults. Based on these transverse faults, KHF is longitudinally, divided into five segments. Even though there are evidences of its active nature during the Holocene Period, no studies have been carried out for quantifying the spatial variation in relative tectonic activity along the KHF, which is vital for assessing a more realistic seismic hazard potential of the fault. Quantitative geomorphic indices are employed to evaluate the ‘Relative Index of Tectonic Activity (RITA)’. It has been observed that the central part (segment 2 & 3) is the most active segment, which covers an aerial extent of 38% of total KHF (class 1), compared to the eastern (segment 4 & 5) and the western segments (segment 1), which are moderately active (class 2). Interestingly none of the segments of the KHF, corresponded to class 3 of RITA i.e. least active/inactive class. The study highlights the important role of transverse faults, which cut across the major E-W faults in the Kachchh, and may regulate the relative activity and the earthquake potential of an individual segment. The study thus, hints the KHF as an under-rated source for future seismic hazard for the Kachchh and western India region.
Depressive symptoms and non‐suicidal self‐injury during adolescence: Latent patterns of short‐term stability and change
Authors: Tilton‐Weaver Lauree , Marshall Sheila K. , Svensson Ylva 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionDepressive symptoms and non‐suicidal self‐injury not only increase in prevalence during adolescence, but they can also occur together. Both psychological problems seem to have similar precipitating conditions, suggesting they have transdiagnostic conditions—personal or contextual characteristics that contribute to co‐occurrence. We sought to understand when these two problems co‐occur and what is related to their co‐occurrence.MethodsUsing a pattern‐centered approach and two waves of longitudinal data collected annually, we examined latent profiles of depressive symptoms and self‐injury among a Swedish sample of adolescents aged 12 to 16 (MageT1 = 13.65 years, SD = 0.64), 53.7% boys and 47.3% girls. Most of the adolescents were Swedish (89%), with parents who were married or cohabitating (68%). We also examined the transitions between profiles over time.ResultsOur results suggest that during this time frame, depressive symptoms and self‐injury tend to emerge and stabilize or abate together. We also examined a broad array of predictors, including individual characteristics, emotion dysregulation, experiences with friends, parents' negative reactions to behavior, and school stress. The significant unique predictors suggest that adolescents who reported being subjected to relational aggression, having negative experiences while drinking, and low self‐esteem had a greater probability of moving from moderate to high levels or maintaining high levels of depressive symptoms and self‐injury, compared to adolescents classified in the other statuses.ConclusionsFocusing on negative interpersonal experiences and selfesteem as transdiagnostic conditions may guide research and aid clinicians in supporting adolescents who feel depressed and engage in self‐injury.
On a construction of multivariate distributions given some multidimensional marginals
Authors: Kazi-Tani Nabil , Rullière Didier 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the link between the joint law of a d-dimensional random vector and the law of some of its multivariate marginals. We introduce and focus on a class of distributions, that we call projective, for which we give detailed properties. This allows us to obtain necessary conditions for a given construction to be projective. We illustrate our results by proposing some theoretical projective distributions, as elliptical distributions or a new class of distribution having given bivariate margins. In the case where the data does not necessarily correspond to a projective distribution, we also explain how to build proper distributions while checking that the distance to the prescribed projections is small enough.
Update on the Absolute Chronology of the Migration period in Central Europe (375–568 AD): new data from Maria ponsee, Lower Austria
Authors: Kaizer Jakub , Wild Eva Maria , Stadler Peter , Teschler-Nicola Maria , Steier Peter 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe Danube region in Central Europe was one of the areas where several cultures appeared before moving further or being defeated during the Migration Period in the middle of the first millennium AD. The Lombards, who crossed the Danube in 505 AD, settled in the “Tullnerfeld” where the Maria Ponsee graveyard was excavated in 1965–1972. From the historical evidence about the temporal and spatial migration of the Lombards, it was concluded that the graveyard was in use between 505 and 568 AD by three groups of migrants. We processed and dated a new set of 23 bones, found in the Maria Ponsee site. The determined 14C dates fit well in the expected time interval, though discrimination between the grave groups could not be obtained. The dates were added to the chronological sequence, recording the Migration Period in Central Europe. The sequence lead to a good correlation of the modelled and historical data (Amodel = 87.6%). The results show differentiations of the respective tribes in the pre-Lombardic period. However, transitions between the Lombard phases were rather ambiguous, indicating that the Lombards set up new settlements while only partially abandoning the already inhabited ones before 546 AD.
PERFECT 1-FACTORISATIONS OF
Authors: GILL MICHAEL J. , WANLESS IAN M. 
Published: August 2019

We report the results of a computer enumeration that found that there are 3155 perfect 1-factorisations (P1Fs) of the complete graph $K_{16}$. Of these, 89 have a nontrivial automorphism group (correcting an earlier claim of 88 by Meszka and Rosa [‘Perfect 1-factorisations of $K_{16}$ with nontrivial automorphism group’, J. Combin. Math. Combin. Comput. 47 (2003), 97–111]). We also (i) describe a new invariant which distinguishes between the P1Fs of $K_{16}$, (ii) observe that the new P1Fs produce no atomic Latin squares of order 15 and (iii) record P1Fs for a number of large orders that exceed prime powers by one.
The relationship between childhood trauma and schizophrenia in the Genomics of Schizophrenia in the Xhosa people (SAX) study in South Africa
Authors: Mall Sumaya , Platt Jonathan M. , Temmingh Henk , Musenge Eustasius , Campbell Megan , Susser Ezra , Stein Dan J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence from high-income countries suggests that childhood trauma is associated with schizophrenia. Studies of childhood trauma and schizophrenia in low and middle income (LMIC) countries are limited. This study examined the prevalence of childhood traumatic experiences among cases and controls and the relationship between specific and cumulative childhood traumatic experiences and schizophrenia in a sample in South Africa.MethodsData were from the Genomics of Schizophrenia in the South African Xhosa people study. Cases with schizophrenia and matched controls were recruited from provincial hospitals and clinics in the Western and Eastern Cape regions in South Africa. Childhood traumatic experiences were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Adjusted logistic regression models estimated associations between individual and cumulative childhood traumatic experiences and schizophrenia.ResultsTraumatic experiences were more prevalent among cases than controls. The odds of schizophrenia were 2.44 times higher among those who experienced any trauma than those who reported no traumatic experiences (95% CI 1.77–3.37). The odds of schizophrenia were elevated among those who experienced physical/emotional abuse (OR 1.59, CI 1.28–1.97), neglect (OR 1.39, CI 1.16–1.68), and sexual abuse (OR 1.22, CI 1.03–1.45) compared to those who did not. Cumulative physical/emotional abuse and neglect experiences increased the odds of schizophrenia as a dose–response relationship.ConclusionChildhood trauma is common in this population. Among many other benefits, interventions to prevent childhood trauma may contribute to a decreasing occurrence of schizophrenia.
Sleep problems in adolescence are prospectively linked to later depressive symptoms via the cortisol awakening response
Authors: Kuhlman Kate Ryan , Chiang Jessica J. , Bower Julienne E. , Irwin Michael R. , Seeman Teresa E. , McCreath Heather E. , Almeida David M. , Dahl Ronald E. , Fuligni Andrew J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSleep disturbance is a symptom of and a well-known risk factor for depression. Further, atypical functioning of the HPA axis has been linked to the pathogenesis of depression. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of adolescent HPA axis functioning in the link between adolescent sleep problems and later depressive symptoms. Methods: A sample of 157 17–18 year old adolescents (61.8% female) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI) and provided salivary cortisol samples throughout the day for three consecutive days. Two years later, adolescents reported their depressive symptoms via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Results: Individuals (age 17–18) with greater sleep disturbance reported greater depressive symptoms two years later (age 19–20). This association occurred through the indirect effect of sleep disturbance on the cortisol awakening response (CAR) (indirect effect = 0.14, 95%CI [.02 -.39]). Conclusions: One pathway through which sleep problems may lead to depressive symptoms is by up-regulating components of the body’s physiological stress response system that can be measured through the cortisol awakening response. Behavioral interventions that target sleep disturbance in adolescents may mitigate this neurobiological pathway to depression during this high-risk developmental phase.
The temporal sequence of depressive symptoms, peer victimization, and self-esteem across adolescence: Evidence for an integrated self-perception driven model
Authors: Saint-Georges Zacharie , Vaillancourt Tracy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDepression is associated with a multiplicity of adverse outcomes in adolescence, including peer victimization and low self-esteem. Depressive symptoms, peer victimization, and self-esteem are linked in cross-sectional studies, but no longitudinal study has been conducted assessing their developmental pathways in one integrated model across adolescence. We explored their temporal sequencing in a normative sample of 612 Canadian adolescents (54% girls) assessed annually over 5 years (Grade 7 to Grade 11). Potential confounders such as biological sex, ethnicity/race, and parent income and education were statistically controlled. We found evidence for thevulnerabilitymodel (self-esteem predicting depression) and thesymptoms-drivenmodel (depression predicting peer victimization). Our findings also supported the integration of these pathways into aself-perception drivenmodel characterized by the indirect effect of self-esteem on later peer victimization via depressive symptoms. Specifically, poor self-esteem initiated a developmental cascade that led to poor mood and poor peer relations. These results highlight the importance of helping youth form a healthy identity that promotes positive mental health and peer relations, and the need to intervene with depressed, victimized, and at-risk adolescents to instill positive self-regard. Our results also emphasize the central role that self-perceptions play in the onset and maintenance of poor outcomes.
Predictors of Episodic Memory Performance Across Educational Strata: Multiple-Group Comparisons
Authors: Bertola Laiss , Wei-Ming Watson Caitlin , Avila Justina F. , Zahodne Laura B. , Angevaare Milou , Schupf Nicole , Manly Jennifer J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectives: Low educational attainment is a risk factor for more rapid cognitive aging, but there is substantial variability in cognitive trajectories within educational groups. The aim of this study was to determine the factors that confer resilience to memory decline within educational strata. Methods: We selected 2573 initially nondemented White, African American, and Hispanic participants from the longitudinal community-based Washington Heights/Inwood Columbia Aging Project who had at least two visits. We estimated initial memory (intercept) and the rate of memory decline (slope) using up to five occasions of measurement. We classified groups according to the educational attainment groups as low (≤5 years), medium (6–11 years), and high (≥12 years). We used a multiple-group latent growth model to identify the baseline predictors of initial memory performance and rate of memory decline across groups. The model specification considered the influence of demographic, socioeconomic, biomedical, and cognitive variables on the intercept and the slope of memory trajectory. Results: Our results indicated that the three educational groups do not benefit from the same factors. When allowed to differ across groups, the predictors were related to cognitive outcomes in the highly educated group, but we found no unique predictor of cognition for the low educated older adults. Conclusions: These findings highlight that memory-protective factors may differ across older adults with distinct educational backgrounds, and the need to evaluate a broader range of potential resilience factors for older adults with few years of school.
Does Exposure to Gender Role Models Increase Women’s Political Ambition? A Field Experiment with Politicians
Authors: Foos Florian , Gilardi Fabrizio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is a persistent gender gap in motivations to run for political office. While exposure to role models is widely believed to increase women’s political ambition, there is little field experimental evidence on whether exposure to female politicians in realistic settings can increase political ambition. We conducted a field experiment in which a sample of 612 female students was randomly assigned to receive emails inviting them to an event that included career workshops with female politicians, or no email. The treatment increased interest in the ongoing national election campaign, but, against expectations, did not have any positive effect on political ambition. Our results suggest that female politicians who discuss their experience bluntly, instead of following a motivational script, may fail to motivate other women to pursue a political career. These results highlight the need for more research into the type of events and messages that bring more women into politics.