bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of freezing and ethanol preservation techniques on the stable isotope analysis of humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) skin
Authors: Hidalgo‐Reza Mariana , Elorriaga‐Verplancken Fernando R. , Aguíñiga‐García Sergio , Urbán R. Jorge 
Published: January 2019

RationaleDistinct techniques employed to preserve different types of tissues may affect stable isotope analyses conducted on samples, and this is critical when field work takes place in remote areas. To investigate this, the stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N values) obtained using two methods commonly used to preserve humpback whale (and other cetaceans) skin samples were compared.MethodsA total of 54 pairs of skin samples of humpback whales from the southern Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, were preserved in ethanol (90%) and by freezing, between 2007 and 2009. The δ13C and δ15N values were determined using a PDZ Europa ANCA‐GSL elemental analyzer interfaced to a PDZ Europe 20‐20 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to compare the isotopic results.ResultsA significant (t = 4.93; p = 0.000003) variation of −0.92‰ was found between the mean δ13C values in ethanol (from −19.38‰ to −16.07‰; mean = −17.86‰) and freezing (from −20.67‰ to −16.44‰; mean = −18.78‰) techniques. No significant (U = 1314, p = 0.38) differences were observed in the δ15N values. The δ13C values were compared between preservation methods for each of the three years under analysis. Significant differences were observed in 2007 (t = 3.45; p = 0.0012) and 2008 (t = 3.13; p = 0.0030), but not for 2009 (t = 1.66; p = 0.12).ConclusionsBased on the results of this study, the use of ethanol to preserve humpback whale skin samples collected for stable isotope analysis is not recommended, particularly regarding the analysis of δ13C values. This study serves as a point of reference for future research on humpback whales or other whales involving skin samples preserved by freezing or in ethanol.
Sustainable development from millennium 2015 to Sustainable Development Goals 2030
Authors: Halisçelik Ergül , Soytas Mehmet Ali 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn modern economies, the advancement of well‐being of the citizens should be in an inclusive and sustainable way. In this respect, the sustainable welfare targets should exclusively include three main pillars: economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection. These pillars consist of qualitative and nonmonetary, as well as monetary and quantitative indicators to monitor. Although sustainable development today is well‐appreciated in most governments' agenda, yet it is generally not a trivial task to measure its progress especially due to multidimensional nature of some targets. In this article, sustainable development is measured by using a wide range of indicators within multidimensional perspective of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) 2015. Indicators cover wide spectrum of areas such as poverty reduction, health, education, gender equality, and environment. An index creation method is developed for measuring the level and the performance of countries' progress through achieving MDGs. The index score levels and the rankings of countries are compared with similar indexes developed by United Nations. Finally, countries are classified according to their achievements relative to other countries (which is measured by the index) versus their self‐achievement performances (in terms of improvement of the index over years) in a big matrix. Results demonstrate the importance of measuring country performances in both dimensions. Understanding the progress in MDGs can help settle on binding targets for achieving the country specific goals in economic and noneconomic areas and on the mechanisms to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030, which set amid on the success of MDGs.
One‐Step Synthesis of the N and P Co–Doped Nest‐Like Mesoporous Carbon by a Microwave‐Assisted Ultra‐High Temperature Solvothermal Method for Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Wang Yulin , Tang Xingchang , Han Mei , Li Yubing , Zhang Yameng , He Jingjing , Liu Xuexin , Wang Kunjie , Wang Yi , Zhang Deyi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a microwave‐assisted ultra‐high temperature solvothermal method for fabricating a nitrogen and phosphorus co‐doped nest‐like mesoporous carbon under ambient atmosphere. The reported method exhibits high energy efficiency, ultra‐fast carbonization rate, and inert atmosphere protection free fabrication process. The carbonization process of precursor completes in 5∼10 min, and no apparent increase for surface oxygen content is observed for the obtained material even it is fabricated under oxygen‐riched ambient atmosphere. The obtained material fabricated by the reported method exhibits a nest‐like mesoporous morphology and high specific surface area (up to 922 m2 g−1), which nitrogen and phosphorus doping content reaches up to 3.45 and 1.26 at.%, respectively. When used as an electrode material for supercapacitor, the obtained material exhibits good capacitive performance, which specific capacitance reaches up to 171 F g−1, and more than 89.9% of initial capacitance is retained even under a high current density of 20 A g−1, the capacitance retention rate reaches up to 96.2% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles.
Ligand‐Free Cu‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling of Alkynyl Bromides with Boronic Acids in Ethanol Under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Babu Sheba Ann , Saranya Salim , Rohit K. R. , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA ligand‐free microwave assisted synthesis of internal alkynes using copper‐catalyzed Suzuki type coupling reaction of alkynyl bromides with boronic acid derivatives has been developed. This protocol uses cheap CuI, greener solvent ethanol and K3PO4 base under microwave irradiation. This strategy does not need any ligand or sealed tube conditions. This methodology provides an efficient way to synthesize 1,2‐diarylacetylenes in good to excellent yields.
Compositional Dependent Physicochemical and Photovoltaic Properties of the (TiO2)1‐x(RGO)x Nanocomposites for Sensitized Solar Cells Using Ru(II) Dyes
Authors: Dhodamani Ananta G. , More Krantiveer V. , Koli Valmiki B. , Shelke Abhijeet R. , Deshpande Nishad G. , Panda Dillip K. , Delekar Sagar D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article presents the physicochemical and photovoltaic properties of the (TiO2)1‐x(RGO)x nanocomposites (NCs) with varying the content of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) (x=0.1 to 1.0 wt. %). Firstly, NCs were synthesized via in‐situ sol‐gel route. The compositional dependent physicochemical properties of the powdered (TiO2)1‐x(RGO)x NCs were studied by using various spectroscopic (XRD, Raman, FTIR, UV‐Visible DRS, PL, XPS), microscopic (HR‐TEM with SAED) and BET measurements. Thereafter, thin–films of NCs were prepared by using binder‐free doctor‐blade technique and these films were sensitized with Ru(II) sensitizers. Before fabrication, the anchoring and absorption properties of the sensitizers with NCs were also studied. Finally, the sandwich dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) of (TiO2)1‐x(RGO)x with sensitizers were tested through I–V and IPCE measurements. Among the different (TiO2)1‐x(RGO)x photoelectrodes, T0.925@R0.075 NCs‐based devices reached the conversion efficiency (η) up to 5.98% for N719 to that of 4.76% for N3 device; which was four times higher to that of bare TiO2 with N719 (1.35%) and N3 (1.12%) based DSSCs. The observed photovoltaic parameters of the devices were further supported with the time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the (TiO2)1‐x(RGO)x NCs.
Nb2O5/reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Anode for High Power Hybrid Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Ojha Ved , Kato Keiko , Kabbani Mohamad A. , Babu Ganguli , Ajayan Pulickel M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHybridizing faradaic and non‐faradaic charge storage mechanisms permits hybrid supercapacitors to achieve desirable high energy‐power characteristics. Although the hybridization approach increases the energy density, discrepancies in the reaction kinetics, especially sluggish charge‐transfer reactions in Faradaic battery‐type electrodes, curtails the power density. To increase the power density of battery‐type electrodes, an orthorhombic phase of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) is one of the most prominent contenders because the orthorhombic crystal structure provides two‐dimensional transport channels for fast Li‐ion diffusion. However, such ultrafast Li‐ion diffusion cannot be realized due to its electrical‐insulating nature. Herein, we synthesized a composite of the orthorhombic phase of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) interconnected with reduced graphene oxide nanosheets via facile microwave assisted methods. Such a dual‐conductive composite anode exhibits excellent rate performance to match that of the cathode which operates conventional adsorption‐desorption charge storage mechanism. By combining the composite anode with a nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐rGO) cathode, the device delivers maximum energy density of 89 Wh kg−1 (at 125 W kg−1), and the energy density of 20 Wh kg−1 is retained even at 3500 W kg−1, which is one of the highest energy density reported for Nb2O5 based HSC to the best of our knowledge.
Programmable Codelivery of Doxorubicin and Apatinib Using an Implantable Hierarchical‐Structured Fiber Device for Overcoming Cancer Multidrug Resistance
Authors: He Yang , Li Xilin , Ma Junkai , Ni Guoli , Yang Guang , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMultiple drug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells is a major cause of chemotherapy failure. It is currently a great challenge to develop a direct and effective strategy for continuously inhibiting the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) drug pump of MDR tumor cells, thus enhancing the intracellular concentration of the therapeutic agent for effectively killing MDR tumor cells. Here, a new implantable hierarchical‐structured ultrafine fiber device is developed via a microfluidic‐electrospinning technology for localized codelivery of doxorubicin (DOX) and apatinib (AP). An extremely high encapsulation efficiency of ≈99% for the dual drugs is achieved through this strategy. The release of the loaded dual drugs can be controlled in a programmable release model with a rapid release of the micelles, while AP is slowly released. The sustained release of AP can continuously inhibit the P‐gp drug pump of MDR tumor cells, increasing the intracellular DOX accumulation. The in vivo DOX biodistribution displays that the DOX accumulation in the tumor tissues achieves 17.82% after implanting the fiber device for 72 h, which is 6.36‐fold higher than that of the intravenously injected DOX. Importantly, the fiber device shows an excellent antitumor effect on MDR tumor‐bearing mice with low systemic toxicity.
Flexible Zn‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progresses and Challenges
Authors: Yu Peng , Zeng Yinxiang , Zhang Haozhe , Yu Minghao , Tong Yexiang , Lu Xihong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo keep pace with the increasing pursuit of portable and wearable electronics, it is urgent to develop advanced flexible power supplies. In this context, Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered increasing attention as favorable energy storage devices for flexible electronics, owing to the high capacity, low cost, abundant resources, high safety, and eco‐friendliness. Extensive efforts have been devoted to developing flexible ZIBs in the last few years. This work summarizes the recent achievements in the design, fabrication, and characterization of flexible ZIBs. Representative structures, such as sandwich and cable type, are particularly highlighted. Special emphasis is put on the novel design of electrolyte and electrode, which aims to endow reliable flexibility to the fabricated ZIBs. Moreover, current challenges and future opportunities for the development of high‐performance flexible ZIBs are also outlined.
Silk‐Derived 2D Porous Carbon Nanosheets with Atomically‐Dispersed Fe‐Nx‐C Sites for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Wang Chunya , Chen Wenxing , Xia Kailun , Xie Nanhong , Wang Huimin , Zhang Yingying 
Published: January 2019

AbstractControlled synthesis of highly efficient, stable, and cost‐effective oxygen reaction electrocatalysts with atomically‐dispersed Me–Nx–C active sites through an effective strategy is highly desired for high‐performance energy devices. Herein, based on regenerated silk fibroin dissolved in ferric chloride and zinc chloride aqueous solution, 2D porous carbon nanosheets with atomically‐dispersed Fe–Nx–C active sites and very large specific surface area (≈2105 m2 g−1) are prepared through a simple thermal treatment process. Owing to the 2D porous structure with large surface area and atomic dispersion of Fe–Nx–C active sites, the as‐prepared silk‐derived carbon nanosheets show superior electrochemical activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.853 V, remarkable stability with only 11 mV loss in E1/2 after 30 000 cycles, as well as good catalytic activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction. This work provides a practical and effective approach for the synthesis of high‐performance oxygen reaction catalysts towards advanced energy materials.
An Ultrasensitive Silicon Photonic Ion Sensor Enabled by 2D Plasmonic Molybdenum Oxide
Authors: Ren Guanghui , Zhang Bao Yue , Yao Qifeng , Zavabeti Ali , Huertas Cesar S. , Brkljača Robert , Khan Muhammad Waqas , Nili Hussein , Datta Robi S. , Khan Hareem , Jannat Azmira , Walia Sumeet , Haque Farjana , O'Dell Luke A. , Wang Yichao , Zhu Lianqing , Mitchell Arnan , Ou Jian Zhen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSilicon photonics has demonstrated great potential in ultrasensitive biochemical sensing. However, it is challenging for such sensors to detect small ions which are also of great importance in many biochemical processes. A silicon photonic ion sensor enabled by an ionic dopant–driven plasmonic material is introduced here. The sensor consists of a microring resonator (MRR) coupled with a 2D restacked layer of near‐infrared plasmonic molybdenum oxide. When the 2D plasmonic layer interacts with ions from the environment, a strong change in the refractive index results in a shift in the MRR resonance wavelength and simultaneously the alteration of plasmonic absorption leads to the modulation of MRR transmission power, hence generating dual sensing outputs which is unique to other optical ion sensors. Proof‐of‐concept via a pH sensing model is demonstrated, showing up to 7 orders improvement in sensitivity per unit area across the range from 1 to 13 compared to those of other optical pH sensors. This platform offers the unique potential for ultrasensitive and robust measurement of changes in ionic environment, generating new modalities for on‐chip chemical sensors in the micro/nanoscale.
Hemoperitoneum as a precursor of deep pelvic endometriosis: prospective cohort study
Authors: Bean E. , Cutner A. , Saridogan E. , Wong M. , Naftalin J. , Jurkovic D. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether significant hemoperitoneum could be a precursor of deep pelvic endometriosis in non‐pregnant premenopausal women presenting with severe acute lower abdominal pain.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study carried out at a dedicated gynecological diagnostic unit over a period of 18 months. We included consecutive non‐pregnant, premenopausal women who attended with severe acute lower abdominal pain and underwent a pelvic ultrasound examination. Women were triaged for surgical or conservative management depending on the cause of pain and severity of their symptoms. Those who were selected for conservative management were invited for follow‐up ultrasound scans. The main outcome measure was evidence of newly developed deep endometriosis at follow‐up examination.ResultsOf 118 non‐pregnant women who attended our unit with severe acute lower abdominal pain, 20 underwent emergency surgery and 17 had a history of endometriosis, or evidence of endometriosis on the initial scan, and were excluded from the study. Therefore, conservative management was employed in 81 women, eight of whom had evidence of significant hemoperitoneum at presentation. A total of 35 women attended for all follow‐up ultrasound scans. At the completion of follow‐up, four of six (67% (95% CI, 22–96%)) women who presented initially with significant intra‐abdominal bleeding had developed new evidence of deep endometriosis, compared with one of 29 (3% (95% CI, 0–18%)) of those without hemoperitoneum (relative risk, 19.3 (95% CI, 3–144); P < 0.001).ConclusionIn some women, the presence of significant hemoperitoneum that is managed conservatively precedes the development of deep endometriosis. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
First description of a fatal equine infection with Halicephalobus gingivalis in Portugal. Relevance for public health
Authors: Noiva Rute , Ruivo Pedro , de Carvalho Luís Madeira , Fonseca Constança , Fevereiro Miguel , Carvalho Paulo , Orge Leonor , Monteiro Madalena , Peleteiro Maria Conceição 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHalicephalobus gingivalis is a small saprophytic rhabditid nematode, represented only by females with a typical rhabditoid oesophagus and one egg in the uterus, capable of infecting vertebrates. This opportunistic parasite present in the soil, manure and decaying humus, is thought to penetrate through previous injuries to the mouth, eyes and skin of horses and migrate to various organs. The brain is one such organ, where the females lay their eggs, leading to malacia and causing a sudden onset of neurological signs, such as anorexia, ataxia, urinary incontinence, blindness, decreased menace and tonal reflexes, tremors and aggressiveness. The disease is invariably fatal whenever brain lesions are present, and the diagnosis usually achieved only post‐mortem. The present work aims to describe the first case of infection by H. gingivalis ever reported in Portugal. An 8‐year old warmblood horse presented with an 8‐day history of progressive blindness involving the left eye, initially with normal pupillary reflexes, advancing to bilateral blindness and increasing deterioration in clinical condition. After euthanasia, the animal was submitted for necropsy. Organ samples were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for routine histopathology. A large mass was found in the left kidney corresponding to fibrous tissue heavily infiltrated with inflammatory cells and numerous nematodes. In the brain, multiple, bilateral and asymmetrical foci of malacia containing several rhabditoid nematodes, larvae and zygotes, and high numbers of inflammatory cells were found. The nematodes were identified as H. gingivalis. The clinical history, necropsy and histological findings presented constitute a typical case of H. gingivalis infection in a horse, never previously described in Portugal to the authors’ best knowledge. Humans can be infected by contact with contaminated manure, which makes this nematode a public health concern, especially for people living and/or working in close proximity to horses.
Methodology to estimate the minimum number of experiments and key microstructural parameters in macroscopic strength properties evaluation
Authors: Gitman I. M. , Gitman M. B. , Stolbov V. Yu. , Batin S. E. , Boyarshinov D. A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel methodology, based on the theory of fuzzy sets, to obtain materials with pre‐defined sets of strength properties has been analysed from the position of identifying the necessary and sufficient number of experiments needed to predict these macro characteristics and establishing which micro parameters significantly influence the macroscale results. The procedure to estimate, with a user‐defined degree of accuracy, the minimum number of experiments and significant micro parameters has been tested and verified using experimental data, obtained from digital images of material microsections under different heat treatment conditions while analysing strength properties of reinforcing steel. The results confirm the possibility of using the developed methodologies for the performance properties evaluation of materials based on the minimum number of experiments and identification of the key grain‐phase parameters.
Evaluation of Marine Spatial Planning: Valuing the Process, Knowing the Impacts
Authors: Varjopuro Riku 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA need for evaluating maritime spatial planning (MSP) has become more important as countries are preparing and implementing their MSP. Evaluations are opportunities to foster learning and to accumulate knowledge in order to improve the processes and effectiveness of MSP. Empirical evidence has shown that MSP processes are run in different ways and for different purposes. To address this diversity, this chapter presents a methodology for designing a flexible and context-specific evaluation of MSP. This chapter introduces a theory-based evaluation approach that aims to explain how and why the evaluated planning process or plan works or fails to work. It scrutinises how MSP produces intended and unintended effects, for whom and in what contexts and what mechanisms are triggered by the MSP.
The Ocean Perspective
Authors: Gee Kira 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOceans have held varying places in the imagination of societies, always linked to particular cultures and shifting in line with predominant world views and developing socio-economic and technological capacities. This chapter presents three Western ways of looking at the ocean. Each emerged at a particular period, but all continue to shape today’s conceptions of the ocean. There are many other ways of conceptualising the ocean, and different concepts exist concurrently, resulting in a multiplicity of perspectives that are changing over time. Although some scholars are debating whether it is possible to know the ocean at all, the selected concepts—incomplete though they may be—also point to contradictory perceptions of the ocean that may have a bearing on how we do maritime spatial planning.
Systematic Conservation Planning as a Tool to Advance Ecologically or Biologically Significant Area and Marine Spatial Planning Processes
Authors: Harris Linda R. , Holness Stephen , Finke Gunnar , Kirkman Stephen , Sink Kerry 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMarine Spatial Planning (MSP) intends to create an improved, rational use of the ocean to reduce conflict among competing uses to achieve social, economic and environmental objectives. Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) can contribute to MSP because it is also spatially explicit, deliberately seeks to reduce conflict and generates an evidence-based prioritisation of ocean-space use. Importantly, SCP includes biodiversity representation and persistence, is underpinned by quantitative targets and uses complementarity to achieve targets efficiently. Therefore, designing Ecologically or Biologically Significant Areas (EBSAs) using SCP improves their identification and delineation compared to current expert-based approaches, with greater likelihood of uptake in MSP because their SCP-based design deliberately avoids competing activities where possible. These principles are demonstrated in a case study of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem.