bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Sustainable Renal Transplant Program in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries: Outcome, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Guy‐Frank Chelsea J. , Persaud Kishore , Butsenko Dmitry , Jindal Rahul M. , Guy Stephen R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe initiation of a kidney transplant program, in a low‐ and middle‐income country, while striving to maintain excellent outcomes and adhere to high ethical, legal standards, is a formidable task. Herein, we review the outcomes and challenges of a living donor kidney transplant program from its inception to sustainability, in Guyana, South America.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of a living donor kidney transplant program instituted in Guyana in 2008. Data included recipient and donor demographics, cause of renal failure, donor–recipient matching and relationship, perioperative complications, timing and cause of death, graft failure, surgical technique, and laterality of organ procured. Patient and donor data were compared by phases and additionally compared to United States Renal Data Base System. Survival outcomes were compared by phases and by Kaplan–Meier curves.ResultsTo date, 45 kidney transplants have been completed. Phase I (2007–2008) was the initiation of the program, which was comprised of upgrading hospital and operating rooms, obtaining antirejection medications, educating local providers, fostering a relationship with the government, and screening patients and living donors. We also began vascular access and peritoneal dialysis in the country, as well as introduced the companion public health service initiative: the SEVAK program. Phase II (2008–2014) involved completion of 25 living donor kidney transplants, of which there have been 11 confirmed deaths and 10 lost to follow‐up. In Phase III (2015–present), 20 transplants have been completed to date, of whom only 1 died and none were lost to follow‐up. In the third phase, we also introduced corneal transplantation to Guyana and have performed over 100 transplants.ConclusionKidney transplantation can be safely and ethically performed in a low‐ and middle‐income country. We applied lessons learnt from the first two phases to improve follow‐up by appointing a local coordinator who goes to patient's homes in remote villages. Currently, there is a stable local team that is performing transplants and following the patients. We believe that our model of public–private partnership can sustain kidney, as well as corneal, transplantation and could be replicated in other countries.
Rates of lobar atrophy in asymptomatic MAPT mutation carriers
Authors: Chen Qin , Boeve Bradley F. , Senjem Matthew , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Lesnick Timothy G. , Brushaber Danielle , Dheel Christina , Fields Julie , Forsberg Leah , Gavrilova Ralitza , Gearhart Debra , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Jack Clifford R. , Jones David T. , Knopman David S. , Kremers Walter K. , Lapid Maria , Rademakers Rosa , Syrjanen Jeremy , Boxer Adam L. , Rosen Howie , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Kantarci Kejal ,   LEFFTDS Consortium
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the rates of lobar atrophy in the asymptomatic microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) mutation carriers.MethodsMAPT mutation carriers (n = 14; 10 asymptomatic, 4 converters from asymptomatic to symptomatic) and noncarriers (n = 13) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and were followed annually with a median of 9.2 years. Longitudinal changes in lobar atrophy were analyzed using the tensor‐based morphometry with symmetric normalization algorithm.ResultsThe rate of temporal lobe atrophy in asymptomatic MAPT mutation carriers was faster than that in noncarriers. Although the greatest rate of atrophy was observed in the temporal lobe in converters, they also had increased atrophy rates in the frontal and parietal lobes compared to noncarriers.DiscussionAccelerated decline in temporal lobe volume occurs in asymptomatic MAPT mutation carriers followed by the frontal and parietal lobe in those who have become symptomatic. The findings have implications for monitoring the progression of neurodegeneration during clinical trials in asymptomatic MAPT mutation carriers.
Addressing community health needs through community engagement research advisory boards
Authors: Patten Christi A. , Albertie Monica L. , Chamie Chara A. , Brockman Tabetha A. , Gorfine Mary , Nicholas Rosa , Bock Martha J. , Okamoto Janet M. , Penheiter Sumedha G. , Balls-Berry Joyce E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver 80% of CTSA programs have a community advisory board (CAB). Little is known about how research discussed with CABs aligns with community priorities (bidirectionality). This program evaluation assessed researcher presentations from 2014 to 2018 to the CABs linked to our CTSA at all three sites (Minnesota, Arizona, and Florida) for relevance to local community needs identified in 2013 and/or 2016. From content analysis, of 65 presentations total, 41 (63%) addressed ≥1 local health needs (47% Minnesota, 60% Florida, and 80% Arizona). Cross-cutting topics were cancer/cancer prevention (physical activity/obesity/nutrition) and mental health. Results could help to prioritize health outcomes of community-engaged research efforts.
Prior antibiotic use and acquisition of multidrug-resistant organisms in hospitalized children: A systematic review
Authors: Murray Meghan T. , Beauchemin Melissa P. , Neu Natalie , Larson Elaine L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) cause ~5%–10% of infections in hospitalized children, leading to an increased risk of death, prolonged hospitalization, and additional costs. Antibiotic exposure is considered a driving factor of MDRO acquisition; however, consensus regarding the impact of antibiotic factors, especially in children, is lacking. We conducted a systematic review to examine the relationship between antibiotic use and subsequent healthcare-associated infection or colonization with an MDRO in children.Design:Systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline.Methods:We searched PubMed and Embase for all English, peer-reviewed original research studies published before September 2018. Included studies evaluated hospitalized children, antibiotic use as an exposure, and bacterial MDRO as an outcome.Results:Of the 535 studies initially identified, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, a positive association was identified in most studies evaluating a specific antibiotic exposure (17 of 21, 81%), duration of antibiotics (9 of 12, 75%), and number of antibiotics received (2 of 3, 67%). Those studies that evaluated any antibiotic exposure had mixed results (5 of 10, 50%). Study sites, populations, and definitions of antibiotic use and MDROs varied widely.Conclusions:Published studies evaluating this relationship are limited and are of mixed quality. Limitations include observation bias in recall of antibiotic exposure, variations in case definitions, and lack of evaluation of antibiotic dosing and appropriateness. Additional studies exploring the impact of antibiotic use and MDRO acquisition may be needed to develop effective antibiotic stewardship programs for hospitalized children.
Some explicit results on one kind of sticky diffusion
Authors: Jiang Yiming , Song Shiyu , Wang Yongjin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper we derive several explicit results on one special sticky diffusion process which is constructed as a time-changed version of a diffusion with no sticky points. A theorem concerning the process-related Green operators defined on some nonnegative piecewise continuous functions is provided. Then, based on this theorem, we explore the distributional properties of the sticky diffusion. A financial application is presented where we compute the value of the European vanilla call option written on the underlying with sticky price dynamics.
Measures of ageing tendency
Authors: Szymkowiak Magdalena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA family of generalized ageing intensity functions of univariate absolutely continuous lifetime random variables is introduced and studied. They allow the analysis and measurement of the ageing tendency from various points of view. Some of these generalized ageing intensities characterize families of distributions dependent on a single parameter, while others determine distributions uniquely. In particular, it is shown that the elasticity functions of various transformations of distributions that appear in lifetime analysis and reliability theory uniquely characterize the parent distribution. Moreover, the recognition of the shape of a properly chosen generalized ageing intensity estimate admits a simple identification of the data lifetime distribution.
Gesture in contexts of scopal ambiguity: Negation and quantification in English
Authors: Brown Amanda , Kamiya Masaaki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGestures can play a facilitative role in the interpretation of structural ambiguities (Guellaiï, Langus, &amp; Nespor, 2014; Prieto, Borràs-Comes, Tubau, &amp; Espinal, 2013; Tubau, González-Fuente, Prieto, &amp; Espinal, 2015) and are associated with spoken expression of negation (Calbris, 2011; Harrison, 2014a; Kendon, 2002, 2004). This study examines gestural forms and timing patterns with specific interpretations intended by speakers in a context of negation in English where the presence of quantification (all/most/many) yields scope ambiguities, for example,All the students didn’t go= (1). Some number of the students went, but all is not the correct number (negation takes wide scope over the quantifier;not&gt;all), versus (2) some number of the students didn’t go, and all is that number (negation takes narrow scope over the quantifier,all&gt;not; see Horn, 2001, Jackendoff, 1972; Syrett, Simon, &amp; Nisula, 2014b). Twenty-five native English speakers produced scopally ambiguous sentences. Analyses of 317 co-occurring gestures revealed a preponderance of head gestures and use of semantically congruent head shakes, alignment of gestures with the negator, and lengthening of gesture strokes where interpretations involved narrow-scope negation. Results are discussed with reference to scope of negation and gesture (Harrison, 2010, 2013, 2014a, 2014b) particularly in comparison to variable patterns found for prosody (Syrett, Simon, &amp; Nisula, 2014a).
On the residual and profinite closures of commensurated subgroups
Authors: CAPRACE PIERRE–EMMANUEL , KROPHOLLER PETER H. , REID COLIN D. , WESOLEK PHILLIP 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe residual closure of a subgroup H of a group G is the intersection of all virtually normal subgroups of G containing H. We show that if G is generated by finitely many cosets of H and if H is commensurated, then the residual closure of H in G is virtually normal. This implies that separable commensurated subgroups of finitely generated groups are virtually normal. A stream of applications to separable subgroups, polycyclic groups, residually finite groups, groups acting on trees, lattices in products of trees and just-infinite groups then flows from this main result.
Does Obstructive Sleep Apnea Increase Cognitive Deficits in Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease?
Authors: Bills Sarah E. , Katz Tal , McNeil Jaleel , Schatz Jeffrey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectives: Although pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is estimated to affect 2–3% of the general population, its prevalence in sickle cell disease (SCD) is much higher, with research suggesting a prevalence rate of upwards of 40%. Despite the similar underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of neurocognitive effects in pediatric OSA and SCD, there is a scarcity of information on how these two conditions interact. The aim of this study was to better understand the contribution of sleep apnea to neurocognitive deficits in children diagnosed with SCD. Method: This study assessed cognitive function in 26 children with comorbid SCD and OSA, 39 matched comparisons with SCD only, and 59 matched comparisons in children without a chronic health condition. Results: There were significant differences on measures of processing speed and reading decoding, with children without a chronic health condition scoring better than both chronic health condition groups. Additionally, the no chronic health condition group performed better on a test of quantitative knowledge and reasoning and a test of visual–spatial construction than the SCD-only group. Contrary to our hypotheses, there were no between-group differences suggesting an additive impact of OSA on cognition. Exploratory analyses revealed associations within the group that had OSA showing that more severe OSA correlated with lower performance on measures of processing speed and quantitative knowledge/reasoning. Conclusions: Children with comorbid OSA and SCD do not present with greater deficits in cognitive functioning than children with SCD alone. However, severe OSA may confer additional risk for neurocognitive impairments.
The Washington State Twin Registry: 2019 Update
Authors: Duncan Glen E. , Avery Ally R. , Strachan Eric , Turkheimer Eric , Tsang Siny 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt has been over 5 years since the last special issue ofTwin Research and Human Geneticson ‘Twin Registries Worldwide: An Important Resource for Scientific Research’ was published. Much progress has been made in the broad field of twin research since that time, and the current special issue is a follow-up to update the scientific community about twin registries around the globe. The present article builds upon our 2013 Registry description by summarizing current information on the Washington State Twin Registry (WSTR), including history and construction methods, member characteristics, available data, and major research goals. We also provide a section with brief summaries of recently completed studies and discuss the future research directions of the WSTR. The Registry has grown in terms of size and scope since 2013; highlights include recruitment of youth pairs under 18 years of age, extensive geocoding work to develop environmental exposures that can be linked to survey and administrative health data such as death records, and expansion of a biobank with specimens collected for genotyping, DNA methylation, and microbiome based-studies.
Explosive Eruptions With Little Warning: Experimental Petrology and Volcano Monitoring Observations From the 2014 Eruption of Kelud, Indonesia
Authors: Cassidy M. , Ebmeier S. K. , Helo C. , Watt S. F. L. , Caudron C. , Odell A. , Spaans K. , Kristianto P. , Triastuty H. , Gunawan H. , Castro J. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExplosive eruptions that occur with little or no precursory unrest (less than a month) pose the greatest hazards from volcanoes to nearby populations. Here we focus on the preeruptive conditions for these explosive events, their triggers and how these eruptions evolve. We concentrate on Kelud volcano, where we have conducted a set of petrological experiments to understand preeruptive storage conditions for several recent eruptions. For the 2014 explosive eruption, we combine this with an analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar measured deformation. Our data suggest that both explosive and effusive eruptions at Kelud are sourced from a magma storage system at 2–4 km. However, explosive eruptions are fed by magma stored under relatively cool (~1000 °C) and water‐saturated conditions, whereas effusive eruptions are fed by slightly hotter (~1050 °C), water‐undersaturated magmas. We propose that the initial phase of the 2014 eruption was triggered by volatile overpressure, which then fostered top‐down decompression tapping discrete magma bodies. By compiling a global data set of monitoring signatures of explosive eruptions, we show that the onset of unrest rarely points to the shallow ascent of magma to the surface, as ascent mostly occurs in a matter of hours or minutes. We relate the timescale of preeruptive unrest to eruption triggering mechanisms, with yearly/decadal periods of unrest relating to magma injection events (which may or may not precede a magmatic eruption), whereas internal triggering (e.g., second boiling) of an already present, cooling magma body can lead to explosive eruptions with little warning.
Assessment of Storm Wind Speed Prediction Using Gridded Bayesian Regression Applied to Historical Events With NCAR's Real‐Time Ensemble Forecast System
Authors: Yang Jaemo , Astitha Marina , Schwartz Craig S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study presents the development and application of gridded Bayesian linear regression (GBLR) as a new statistical postprocessing technique to improve deterministic numerical weather prediction of storm wind speed forecasts over the northeast United States. GBLR products are produced by interpolating regression coefficients deduced from modeled‐observed pairs of historical storms at meteorological stations to grid points, thus producing a gridded product. The GBLR model is developed for the 10 members of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) real‐time dynamic ensemble prediction system for a database composed of 92 storms, using leave‐one‐storm‐out cross validation. GBLR almost eliminates the bias of the raw deterministic prediction and achieves average coefficient of determination (R2) improvement of 36% and root‐mean‐square error reduction of 29% with respect to the ensemble mean for individual storm forecasts. Moreover, verification using leave‐one‐station‐out cross validation indicates that the GBLR model provides acceptable forecast improvements for grid points where no observations are available. The GBLR technique contributes to improving gridded storm wind speed forecasts using past event‐based data and has the potential to be implemented in real time.
E3SMv0‐HiLAT: A Modified Climate System Model Targeted for the Study of High‐Latitude Processes
Authors: Hecht Matthew , Veneziani Milena , Weijer Wilbert , Kravitz Ben , Burrows Susannah , Comeau Darin , Hunke Elizabeth , Jeffery Nicole , Urrego‐Blanco Jorge , Wang Hailong , Wang Shanlin , Zhang Jiaxu , Bailey David , Mills Catrin , Rasch Philip , Urban Nathan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe document the configuration, tuning, and evaluation of a modified version of the Community Earth System Model version 1 (Hurrell et al., 2013, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12), introduced here as E3SMv0‐HiLAT, intended for study of high‐latitude processes. E3SMv0‐HiLAT incorporates changes to the atmospheric model affecting aerosol transport to high northern latitudes and to reduce shortwave cloud bias over the Southern Ocean. An updated sea ice model includes biogeochemistry that is coupled to an extended version of the ocean model's biogechemistry. This enables cloud nucleation to depend on the changing marine emissions of aerosol precursors, which may be expected in scenarios with strongly changing sea ice extent, oceanic stratification and associated nutrient availability, and atmospheric state. An evaluation of the basic preindustrial state of E3SMv0‐HiLAT is presented in order to ensure that its climate is adequate to support future experimentation. Additional capability is not achieved without some cost, relative to the extraordinarily well‐tuned model from which it was derived. In particular, a reduction of bias in cloud forcing achieved over the Southern Hemisphere also allows for greater Southern Ocean sea ice extent, a tendency that has been partially but not fully alleviated through experimentation and tuning. The most interesting change in the behavior of the model may be its response to greenhouse gas forcing: While the climate sensitivity is found to be essentially unchanged from that of Community Earth System Model version 1, the adjusted radiative forcing has increased from within one standard deviation above that of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models to nearly two standard deviations.
A New Signal of the Solar Magnetic Cycle: Opposite Shifts of Weak Magnetic Field Distributions in the Two Hemispheres
Authors: Getachew Tibebu , Virtanen Ilpo , Mursula Kalevi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe study the asymmetric distribution of weak photospheric magnetic field values in the two hemispheres separately using synoptic maps from Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, Synoptic Optical Long‐term Investigations of the Sun/Vector SpectroMagnetograph, and Wilcox Solar Observatory during Solar Cycles 21–24. We calculate the weak‐field asymmetry (shift) by fitting the distributions of weak‐field values to a shifted Gaussian. Hemispheric shifts derived from the three data sets agree very well and increase systematically when reducing the spatial resolution of the map. Shifts of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres are typically opposite to each other. Shifts follow the evolution of the trailing flux and have a strong solar cycle variation with maxima in the early to mid declining phase of the solar cycle. The sign of the hemispheric weak‐field shift is always the same as the polarity of the polar field in the respective hemisphere and solar cycle. We also find that shifts in the south are systematically larger in absolute value than in the north.
Pervasive Foreshock Activity Across Southern California
Authors: Trugman Daniel T. , Ross Zachary E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractForeshocks have been documented as preceding less than half of all mainshock earthquakes. These observations are difficult to reconcile with laboratory earthquake experiments and theoretical models of earthquake nucleation, which both suggest that foreshock activity should be nearly ubiquitous. Here we use a state‐of‐the‐art, high‐resolution earthquake catalog to study foreshock sequences of magnitude M4 and greater mainshocks in southern California from 2008–2017. This highly complete catalog provides a new opportunity to examine smaller magnitude precursory seismicity. Seventy‐two percent of mainshocks within this catalog are preceded by foreshock activity that is significantly elevated compared to the local background seismicity rate. Foreshock sequences vary in duration from several days to weeks, with a median of 16.6 days. The results suggest that foreshock occurrence in nature is more prevalent than previously thought and that our understanding of earthquake nucleation may improve in tandem with advances in our ability to detect small earthquakes.
Ecohydrology Controls the Geomorphic Response to Climate Change
Authors: Yetemen Omer , Saco Patricia M. , Istanbulluoglu Erkan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractErosion rate data worldwide show complex and contrasting dependencies to climate. Laboratory and numerical model experiments on abiotic landscapes suggest a positive response: Wetter (drier) shift in climate leads to an increase (decrease) in erosion rates with longer relaxation times under a drier climate. We performed eco‐geomorphic landscape evolution model simulations driven by abrupt climate shift in a semiarid climate. With dynamic vegetation, the erosional response to climate shift was opposite to bare soil, variability of erosion rate lessened, and landscape relaxation time scales became insensitive to climate change direction. The spatial geomorphic response to a wetter climate was depositional in vegetated, incisional in barren landscapes, and got reversed with drier climate. A relationship between net erosion rate and mean landscape slope emerged, exhibiting a hysteresis loop. Our study offers insights to the interpretation of observed acceleration of erosion rates and increase mountain relief during Quaternary climate change.