bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERADICATION OF HCV INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS: FACTOR OF CANCER PREVENTION OR CARCINOGENESIS?
Authors: Malinina N. A. , Mazurchik N. V. , Tarasova O. I. , Ogurtsov P. P. 
Published: July 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of death from cancer and is the final stage of chronic liver disease, usually occurring in patients with cirrhosis (CP). Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) leads to progressive liver inflammation and cirrhosis because this virus specifically affects liver tissue. Previously used interferon therapy had a relatively low efficiency and very high risks of side effects. During the period of administration of interferon (IFN) schemes it was proved that elimination of the virus significantly reduced risk of liver cancer development. Discovery of direct-acting antiviral (DAA ) drugs have revolutionized HCV therapy with virus elimination rate of more than 95 % and an excellent safety profile. However, the risk of transformation of liver cirrhosis into hepatocellular carcinoma is still high even after complete eradication of the virus. Numerous studies have shown conflicting results on the possible relationship between the use of new antiviral drugs and the increase in the frequency of newly diagnosed or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, the long-term prognosis in terms of risk for HCC development among patients with sustained virological response (SVR) remains unclear.The purpose of the studywas to analyze the literature on the effect of antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis C with interferon-containing regimens and drugs of direct antiviral action on the risk of developing or recurring hepatocellular carcinoma.Material and Methods. We analyzed publications available from PubMed, S copus, E-library, Web of S cience using the key words “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “chronic hepatitis C”, “direct-acting antiviral drugs”, “liver cirrhosis”, “interferons”, and “sustained virological response”. Of the 99 studies found, 21 were used to write a systematic review.Results.Eradication of the virus reduces the risks of HCC. Despite reports on high risk of occurrence or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis after treatment with DAA s compared with interferon-containing regimens, there is not enough data confirming the direct link between the use of DAA s and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. No statistically significant difference in the frequency of HCC between patients treated with interferon or DAA s was detected.Conclusion.Eradication of the virus is the most significant factor in the prevention of HCC; therefore, treatment of CHC should not be delayed due to the risk of HCC. Patients with liver cirrhosis require a long period of follow-up, even after successful treatment of chronic hepatitis C with DAA drugs. Stratification of HCC risk requires further research.
Implication of Socio-economic Factors on Land Use and Forest Cover Changes in and Around Magamba Nature Reserve in Tanzania: Perception of Local Stakeholders
Authors: Sembosi Solomon Jeremiah 
Published: July 2019

Rural settlements in mountainous regions are a typical process that occurs in many places around the world and have a number of implications on the landscape. Among them is a threat it possesses to the conservation and management of Afromontane ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive the changes in land use and forest cover and the extent of land use and vegetation cover in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Focus group discussion, direct field observation and household survey were used to acquire socio-economic information that impacts land use and forest cover. Through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS methods Landsat satellite images of 1995, 2008 and 2015 were employed to identify the extent of the changes in land use and forest cover. The perceived factors for the changes include education level, unemployment, landless/limited, landholding, population pressure, expansion of built-up areas and agricultural land at the expense of other land covers. This study revealed the transformation of natural forest and associated vegetation from one form to another. There was a decrease in natural vegetation from 61.06% in 1995 to 26.02% in 2015 and increase in built-up areas by 6.69% and agricultural areas by 4.70%. This study recommends conservation monitoring and strong law enforcement relating to natural resources so as to promote sustainable use of resources to rescue the diminishing ecosystem services.
Redox Regulation in the Base Excision Repair Pathway: Old and New Players as Cancer Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Rajapakse Aleksandra , Suraweera Amila , Boucher Didier , Naqi Ali , O'Byrne Kenneth , Richard Derek J. , Croft Laura V. 
Published: July 2019

Background:Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are by-products of normal cellular metabolic processes, such as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. While low levels of ROS are important signalling molecules, high levels of ROS can damage proteins, lipids and DNA. Indeed, oxidative DNA damage is the most frequent type of damage in the mammalian genome and is linked to human pathologies such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Although oxidative DNA damage is cleared predominantly through the Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway, recent evidence suggests that additional pathways such as Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) and Mismatch Repair (MMR) can also participate in clearance of these lesions. One of the most common forms of oxidative DNA damage is the base damage 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), which if left unrepaired may result in G:C to A:T transversions during replication, a common mutagenic feature that can lead to cellular transformation.Objective:Repair of oxidative DNA damage, including 8-oxoG base damage, involves the functional interplay between a number of proteins in a series of enzymatic reactions. This review describes the role and the redox regulation of key proteins involved in the initial stages of BER of 8-oxoG damage, namely Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1 (APE1), human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (hOGG1) and human single-stranded DNA binding protein 1 (hSSB1). Moreover, the therapeutic potential and modalities of targeting these key proteins in cancer are discussed.Conclusion:It is becoming increasingly apparent that some DNA repair proteins function in multiple repair pathways. Inhibiting these factors would provide attractive strategies for the development of more effective cancer therapies.
Peptide-Conjugated Nanoparticles as Targeted Anti-angiogenesis Therapeutic and Diagnostic in Cancer
Authors: Rajabi Mehdi , Adeyeye Mary , Mousa Shaker A. 
Published: July 2019

:Targeting angiogenesis in the microenvironment of a tumor can enable suppression of tumor angiogenesis and delivery of anticancer drugs into the tumor. Anti-angiogenesis targeted delivery systems utilizing passive targeting such as Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) and specific receptor-mediated targeting (active targeting) should result in tumor-specific targeting. One targeted anti-angiogenesis approach uses peptides conjugated to nanoparticles, which can be loaded with anticancer agents. Anti-angiogenesis agents can suppress tumor angiogenesis and thereby affect tumor growth progression (tumor growth arrest), which may be further reduced with the targetdelivered anticancer agent. This review provides an update of tumor vascular targeting for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, with conventional or long-circulating nanoparticles decorated with peptides that target neovascularization (anti-angiogenesis) in the tumor microenvironment.
The Effect of Low Dose Oral Vitamin D on Bone Mineral Density Changes in HIV Patients: 36 Months Follow Up
Authors: Dhother Jasreen , Bopitiya Shyamalie , Taha Huda , Das Satyajit 
Published: July 2019

Background::
A high incidence of vitamin-D deficiency and abnormal bone mineral
density (BMD) is reported among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected patients. The
study highlighted the effect of oral low dose vitamin-D replacement in patients with a known vitamin-
D deficiency on the levels of vitamin-D [25 (OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Bone
Mineral Density (BMD) of hip and spine.

Methods::
Patients took a daily low dose of 800IU of vitamin-D. The following details were collected
on all patients: demographics, CD-4 cell count, viral load, fracture risk factors, treatment
history, corrected calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) (intact
PTH), vitamin D 25(OH)D, inorganic phosphate and BMD of hip and spine at baseline, 12 and
36 months.

Results::
Our Cohort consisted of 86 patients. Patient details included: mean age 42.8 (+/-7.7)
years, 48 (55%) females 64, (74%) black African, CD-4 count 440.7 (+/-180.8) cells/dL, plasma
VL 1.6 log (+/-2.3) copies/mL, duration of illness 80.9 (34.1) months, duration of exposure to
antiretroviral 65.2 (+/-27.9) months. At baseline, no difference in BMD of hip or spine was observed,
however, a higher PTH (0.001) in patients taking Tenofivir and a lower vitamin-D was noticed
in patients taking Efavirenz.

:
After 36 months, patients on vitamin D replacement (n=44) had a significant increase in vitamin-
D level (15.4 +/-10.4 vs 104.1+/-29.1 p=0.0001), lower PTH (6.3 +/-3.4 vs 4.4 +/-1.4 p=0.0001)
ALP (108.9+/-78.8 vs 90.6+/-45.8 p=0.05) but no change in corrected calcium (2.13 +/-0.1 vs
2.16 +/-0.34 p=0.5) and BMD of spine (1.039+/-0.226 vs.1.027+/-0.211, p=0.77), and BMD of hip
(1.020 +/- 0.205 vs. 1.039, p=0.61). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis that included all
significant variables, vitamin-D replacement independently was associated with increase in vitamin-
D level (OR 2.08, CI 1.03, 4.12, p=0.005), decrease in PTH level (OR 0.53, CI 0.35, 0.82,
p=0.04), but not with change in corrected calcium, alkaline phosphatase, BMD of hip or spine.

Conclusion::
After 36 months of follow up, the replacement of low dose once daily oral vitamin-D
in the treatment experienced HIV infected patients with vitamin-D deficiency can increase vitamin-
D level, reduce PTH level without any change in BMD of spine and hip.
Comparison of 99mTc Injected Activity with Prescribed Activity in Four Types of Nuclear Medicine Exams
Authors: Khan Muhammad Isa , Farwa Umme , Iqbal Tahir , Ali Saadat , Nazir Aalia , Ijaz Mohsin 
Published: July 2019

Background:
99mTc is a radioactive isotope that is obtained by eluting a 99Mo/99mTc
generator. (PINSTECH, Islamabad) and used for radionuclide scanning.

Objectives:
The objective of this work is to study the uncertainties in 99mTc activity that exist due to time
delay between injection preparation and administration to patients, during the process of gamma camera
scanning.

Methods:
Lead canisters were used for storing elution vials and dose calibrator for measuring 99mTc
activity in mCi. The activity of preparing 99mTc injection and its administration to patients were compared
with the prescribed values of activity recommended in the Society of Nuclear Medicine procedure
guidelines.

Results:
This study showed that uncertainty in the activity existed in one thyroid patient, 38 bone patients,
5 renal patients and 45 cardiac patients.

Conclusion:
This uncertainty in activity exists due to time delay between injection preparation and administration
to patients, as well as due to residual radionuclide that is not injected into patients and remains
in the syringe.
Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol for Network Life Enhancement in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Lodhi Amairullah K. , Rukmini M. Santhi S. , Abdulsattar Syed 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of autonomous nodes
consist of sensors to collect the status of the surrounding environment. These nodes are equipped
with limited batteries. One cannot recharge or replace the batteries of the nodes during the mission,
as the applications of WSNs include in underwater, forest driven and mountain based.

Objective:
Thus available energy must be utilized effectively. Energy efficient routing is one of the
primary sources of energy management. Cluster-based routing in WSN is a prevalent method to
achieve network performance and energy efficiency. In literature, the number of cluster-based energy
efficient routing protocols and their route selection metric is designed based on the residual status
of node energy. However, this metric causes some of the intermediate nodes to drain energy instantly.
In wireless networks this situation roots intermediate nodes to turn into a bottleneck node, and
thereby performance degradation in terms of efficiency and packet delivery caused.

Methods:
Thus our paper aims to design a cluster based routing protocol to prevent the creation of
intermediate bottleneck node. We introduce a novel routing metric called “ranking status” for the
bottleneck problem.

Results:
Performances results indicate that the proposed routing protocol prevents the creation of
intermediate bottleneck node, and improve the network's performance.
Use of Agricultural Residues in Anaerobic Digestion for Energy Production
Authors: Oosterkamp Willem J. 
Published: July 2019

:
There are large amounts of manure and crop residues that could be used for the generation
of renewable energy. Anaerobic Digestion [AD] converts the easily degraded part of these materials
into bio-methane and other gases. Bio-methane can be used for the generation of heat and electricity.
Only combinations of manure slurries and crop residues are economic substrates for AD. Crop residues
are lignocellulosic materials that need to be macerated for efficient conversion into biogas.

:
Methane yields for different straw lengths and energy requirements for maceration were compiled.
The need for sufficient bioavailable micronutrients was established and methane yields for combinations
of manure slurries and straw are given. Harvesting methods for crop residues are discussed and
a model is developed for the effective organic matter in the effluent of the AD plant.

:
AD of straw and manures is, with the present subsidies, economic only where AD is done in cooperatives
with the members delivering straw and manure and taking back the effluent.

:
The large scale of AD of manures and crop residues requires reductions in the costs of harvesting
transport and storage of crop residues and a solution to the phosphate surplus in the regions with a
large concentration of animals.
Lithium Pharmacology and a Potential Role of Lithium on Methamphetamine Abuse and Dependence
Authors: Kitanaka Nobue , Hall Frank Scott , Uhl George Richard , Kitanaka Junichi 
Published: July 2019

Background:The effectiveness of lithium salts in neuropsychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and treatment-resistant depression has been documented in an extensive scientific literature. Lithium inhibits inositol monophosphatase, inositol polyphosphate 1- phosphatase, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 and decreases expression level of tryptophan hydroxylase 2, conceivably underlying the mood stabilizing effects of lithium, as well as procognitive and neuroprotective effects. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of action of lithium on mood stabilizing and pro-cognitive effects in humans are still largely unknown.Objective:On the basis of the known aspects of lithium pharmacology, this review will discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of lithium on positive symptoms of methamphetamine abuse and dependence.Conclusion:It is possible that lithium treatment reduces the amount of newly synthesized phosphatidylinositol, potentially preventing or reversing neuroadaptations contributing to behavioral sensitization induced by methamphetamine. In addition, it is suggested that exposure to repeated doses of methamphetamine induces hyperactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β in the nucleus accumbens and in dorsal hippocampus, resulting in a long-term alterations in synaptic plasticity underlying behavioral sensitization as well as other behavioral deficits in memory-related behavior. Therefore it is clear that glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitors can be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of methamphetamine abuse and dependence.
Extrém sportfogyasztás vizsgálata egy kutatás tükrében
Authors: Müller Anetta , Bácsné Bába Éva , Pfau Christa , Müller Anikó , Laoues-Czimbalmos Nóra 
Published: July 2019

Napjainkban egyre több kutatás fókuszál a szabadidős sportfogyasztásra, annak motivációs hátterének vizsgálatára, célcsoport jellemzőinek meghatározására. Az extrém sportok a szabadidős kínálati elemekben egyre markánsabban jelennek meg és a versenysportban is egyre erőteljesebben képviseltetik magukat. Kutatásunkban a fiatal felnőttek extrém sportfogyasztásának vizsgálatával foglalkozunk, a kérdőíveket Google Survey formájában, online kérdőíves felmérés módszerével gyűjtöttük be, melyeket legfőképp különböző social media platformokon, élzottan extrém sport érdeklődési körű egyéneket tömörítő csoportokban osztottuk meg. Az adatokat IBM SPSS szoftverrel dolgoztuk fel, alapstatisztikát és összefüggésvizsgálatot végeztünk. Az eredményeinket grafikusan is szemléltettük. Adattiszítás után 167 kérdőívet dolgoztunk fel. Az eredmények jól mutatják, hogy az extrém sportokat a férfiak preferálják inkább. A vizsgálatunk azt mutatja, hogy hazánkban a terepkerékpár, a falmászás, a mountainbike, a paintball és a gördeszkázás a legnépszerűbb szabadidős extrém sportok. A magasabb jövedelemmel rendelkező fiatalok között szignifikánsan nagyobb arányban találjuk az extrém sportok fogyasztását. Mivel költséges sport így magasabb diszkrecionális jövedelmet és magasabb költéshajlandóságot feltételez, melyet a kutatásunk is igazolt. Az extrém sportot űző fiatal felnőttek sportfelszerelés márkaválasztását nem az extrém sportspecifikus, hanem a klasszikus piacvezető sportmárkák (Nike, Adidas) jellemzik.
Clinical Features, Course and Indicators of Endothelial Function and Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Response in Patients with Chronic Coronary Artery Disease Depending on Affected Coronary Artery Number
Authors: Kupnovytska Iryna , Romanyshyn Nelia 
Published: July 2019

In Ukraine, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and rank second among primary diseases. Nowadays the most common cardiovascular disease is coronary artery disease that accounts for 33.7% of total cardiovascular pathology cases.
The objective of the research was to study clinical manifestations and indicators of endothelial function and immune-inflammatory response in the patients with coronary artery disease, heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction depending on affected coronary artery number.
Materials and methods. The study included 62 patients with chronic coronary artery disease, heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction who underwent coronary artery stenting. Among the examined patients, males prevailed – 52 (83.9%) individuals. All the patients were randomized according to the number of the affected coronary arteries and divided into two groups. Clinical manifestations were studied; the patients’ quality of life was assessed; the functional state of the myocardium was determined according to the six-minute walk test; the indicators of endothelial dysfunction were analyzed by endothelin-l level; the indicators of immune inflammatory response were analyzed by serum levels of C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor.
Results. In the examined patients, the clinical course did not depend on the number of the affected coronary arteries; however, to reduce the incidence of cardiac pain, the patients with multivessel coronary artery disease received 2±0.1 extra nitroglycerin tablets.
Conclusions. Quality of life and physical well-being were better in the patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease (p<0.05). Myocardial functional reserves were lower in the patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (p<0.05), while the intensity of immune inflammation and endothelial dysfunction reduced in case of multivessel coronary artery disease that confirmed a strong correlation between the indicators of tumor necrosis factor and endothelin-l.
Peculiarities of the Course and Provision of Medical Care to Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in the Precarpathian Region
Authors: Nesterak Roksolana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Cardiovascular diseases are the first ones in mortality among other diseases. Particular attention should be paid to patients after acute coronary syndrome, since their quality of life, the possibility of restoration of work capacity.
Objective of the research. To evaluate indicators of medical care provision for patients with acute coronary syndrome in the Precarpathian region.
Materials and methods. The medical-geographical indicators, data of the local registry (2014-2018) included clinical and objective parameters, peculiarities of the course, rehabilitation and treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Results. The peculiarities of the course of acute coronary syndrome, clinical characteristics of patients depend on the form of IHD and the applied method of ACS treatment. There is an increase of the number of PCI performance and the reduction of TLT, the percentage of admission of patients up to 2 hours remains low. The increase of PCI performed in the districts of the region in the dynamics from 2014 to 2018 has been determined, as well as the geographical peculiarities of the Ivano-Frankivsk region. The percentage of patients’ undergoing rehabilitation after acute coronary syndrome remains low.
Conclusions. The Precarpathian region has a number peculiarities that are related to the location of the region. Taking into account the characteristics will contribute to the improvement of the organizational model of medical care provision in the region.
Optimization of the Prediction of Arterial Hypertension Development in the Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on the Background of Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Dysplasia
Authors: Sherstiuk Liudmyla 
Published: July 2019

In recent years, disorders of connective tissue metabolism that are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases have attracted increasing attention. They are of particular importance in the presence of connective tissue dysplasia. Undifferentiated forms, being a frequent component of comorbid pathology, are quite widespread among the general population. Among comorbidities, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in various combinations are more often observed.

The objective of the research was to determine the prognostic significance of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in the development of arterial hypertension in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials and methods. To determine the prognostic significance of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia in the development of arterial hypertension, there was conducted an analysis of hospital discharge reports received by the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus duration of at least 2 years who were treated two to five years ago. The predictive significance of the factors selected for the analysis was determined through applying the regression analysis using a logistic regression model, the Wald test.
Results. The test for coincidence of the predicted and observed values revealed that the specificity of the regression model was 87.2%, while its sensitivity was 89.7%. The overall predictability was 88.5%.
Conclusions. These are quite high indicators that allow us to apply the proposed model to detect the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus being at high risk of arterial hypertension.