bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Spinal Anesthesia Affect Cerebral Oxygenation During Transurethral Prostatectomy?
Authors: Atallah Mohamed M. , Hoeft Andreas , El-Ghorouri Mohamed A. , Hammouda Golinar E. , Saied Mostafa MA 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesTransurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is associated with the unique complication of transurethral resection of prostate syndrome (TURS), which is attributed to the absorption of irrigating fluid. This study was initiated to investigate the effects of spinal anesthesia and TURP on cerebral oxygen balance.MethodsThirty patients scheduled for TURP were included. Jugular bulb oxygen saturation (SjbO2) was measured via retrograde cannulation of jugular venous bulb. Spinal anesthesia was initiated by 3 mL hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine injected at L3-L4 in the sitting position, producing a block to the T10 dermatome. Hemodynamic measurements and arterial and jugular bulb blood gasometry were performed before and after spinal anesthesia, throughout surgery, and during the postoperative period.ResultsA significant decrease of cerebral perfusion pressure after spinal anesthesia was accompanied by a significant decrease of SjbO2 below a preoperative value of 61% ± 1. Eight patients developed yawning, irritability, restlessness, and nausea toward the end of surgery, and these were considered to be early signs of TURS. These patients demonstrated SjbO2 below 55% and 50% in 63% and 42% of respective data set points.ConclusionThe neurologic symptoms in patients undergoing TURP during spinal anesthesia might not only be caused by absorption of irrigating fluid but also by impairment of cerebral oxygenation.
High-Dose Ropivacaine Wound Infiltration for Pain Relief After Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: Pettersson Nils , Emanuelsson B-M , Reventlid Håkan , Hahn Robert G. 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectivesEarly data on ropivacaine, a recently introduced local anesthetic, indicate a longer duration of skin analgesia than with bupivacaine, along with lower toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate ropivacaine 7.5 mg/mL for wound infiltration pain relief after hernia surgery, in higher doses than used before, in an open, nonrandomized design.MethodsTwenty otherwise healthy men underwent elective unilateral open hernia repair by the same surgeon. General anesthesia was used during surgery, and infiltration of the operating field with 300 mg (n = 10) or 375 mg (n = 10) ropivacaine, 7.5 mg/mL, was employed for postoperative pain relief. Any sign of an adverse event was recorded. Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine were monitored. Pain at rest and on mobilization was regularly assessed over 24 hours by a visual analog scale. Patients' ability to walk and void and the need for supplementary analgesics were recorded.ResultsNo serious adverse effects occurred. Plasma concentrations showed large variations but no toxic levels. No significant differences between the two groups were detected in pain scores which were low in both groups, at rest or on mobilization, or in the consumption of supplementary analgesics. At 4 hours, 19 patients were able to walk. Within 8 hours of surgery, all patients had passed urine without any problem. Wound healing was normal.ConclusionsInfiltration of ropivacaine 7.5 mg/mL during hernia surgery can be employed safely in doses of 300 mg and 375 mg to control pain after hernia surgery. The lower dose is recommended, since the higher one did not give any clinically relevant advantages.
Robustness of quantum correlation for accelerating two atoms coupled with electromagnetic field
Authors: Huang Zhiming , Situ Haozhen 
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we investigate the behaviors of quantum correlation quantified by trace norm measurement-induced nonlocality (TMIN) for two uniformly accelerated atoms coupled with electromagnetic vacuum fluctuation in the Minkowski vacuum. We firstly discuss the solving process of master equation that governs the system evolution based on the Pauli matrix presentation for two-qubit state. Similar to [Y. Q. Yang et al., Phys. Rev. A 94, 032337 (2016)], we analyze the degradation, creation, revival and enhancement of quantum correlation for different initial states and polarizations of two atoms, and the influence of interatomic separation and acceleration on quantum correlation. Compared with the entanglement dynamics discussed in [Y. Q. Yang et al., Phys. Rev. A 94, 032337 (2016)], it is found that quantum correlation exhibits better robustness than entanglement. This may be helpful for quantum information processing.
Hamiltonian formalism of topologically massive electrodynamics
Authors: Kim Taegyu , Kouwn Seyen , Oh Phillial 
Published: March 2019

We consider the four-dimensional topologically massive electrodynamics in which a gauge field interacts with rank two antisymmetric tensor field through a topological interaction. The photon becomes massive by eating the rank two tensor field, which is dual to the Higgs mechanism. We explicitly demonstrate the nature of the mechanism by performing a canonical analysis of the theory and discuss various aspects of it.
Infrared evidence for pressure-induced phase transition of α-Si3N4
Authors: Lei Jin-Qiao , Luo Yan , Chen Hong-Jie , Wang Shan-Min , Liu Ke , Zhou Xiao-Lin 
Published: March 2019

X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and structural refinement were used to characterize the sample of [Formula: see text]-Si3N4. Rietveld analyses of XRD data confirmed that the sample belongs to hexagonal crystal (space group of P31c, No:159). The refined structural parameters are in agreement with the available theoretical and synchrotron radiation experimental results. Then, the infrared (IR) spectra of [Formula: see text]-Si3N4under 22 GPa were investigated with the diamond anvil cell (DAC). According to the IR absorption spectra at 296.3 K and 2 hPa (Observation range from 400 cm[Formula: see text] to 12,500 cm[Formula: see text]), we observed 23 IR active peaks. Normalized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra under high pressure and room-temperature (296.3 K) show that [Formula: see text]-Si3N4undergoes a phase transition at 16.3 GPa and changes from hexagonal to cubic phase, namely, [Formula: see text]-Si3N4, which is very close to the result of our theoretical calculations, i.e., the phase transition pressure is 16.3 GPa.
Collagen Remodeling in the Hypoxic Tumor-Mesothelial Niche Promotes Ovarian Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Natarajan Suchitra , Foreman Kaitlyn M. , Soriano Michaela I. , Rossen Ninna S. , Shehade Hussein , Fregoso Daniel R. , Eggold Joshua T. , Krishnan Venkatesh , Dorigo Oliver , Krieg Adam J. , Heilshorn Sarah C. , Sinha Subarna , Fuh Katherine C. , Rankin Erinn B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Peritoneal metastases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Accumulating evidence suggests that mesothelial cells are an important component of the metastatic microenvironment in HGSOC. However, the mechanisms by which mesothelial cells promote metastasis are unclear. Here, we report that the HGSOC tumor-mesothelial niche was hypoxic, and hypoxic signaling enhanced collagen I deposition by mesothelial cells. Specifically, hypoxic signaling increased expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in mesothelial and ovarian cancer cells to promote collagen crosslinking and tumor cell invasion. The mesothelial niche was enriched with fibrillar collagen in human and murine omental metastases. Pharmacologic inhibition of LOX reduced tumor burden and collagen remodeling in murine omental metastases. These findings highlight an important role for hypoxia and mesothelial cells in the modification of the extracellular matrix and tumor invasion in HGSOC.

Significance:
This study identifies HIF/LOX signaling as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit collagen remodeling and tumor progression in HGSOC.
Randomly Distributed K14+ Breast Tumor Cells Polarize to the Leading Edge and Guide Collective Migration in Response to Chemical and Mechanical Environmental Cues
Authors: Hwang Priscilla Y. , Brenot Audrey , King Ashley C. , Longmore Gregory D. , George Steven C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Collective cell migration is an adaptive, coordinated interactive process involving cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironmental interactions. A critical aspect of collective migration is the sensing and establishment of directional movement. It has been proposed that a subgroup of cells known as leader cells localize at the front edge of a collectively migrating cluster and are responsible for directing migration. However, it is unknown how and when leader cells arrive at the front edge and what environmental cues dictate leader cell development and behavior. Here, we addressed these questions by combining a microfluidic device design that mimics multiple tumor microenvironmental cues concurrently with biologically relevant primary, heterogeneous tumor cell organoids. Prior to migration, breast tumor leader cells (K14+) were present throughout a tumor organoid and migrated (polarized) to the leading edge in response to biochemical and biomechanical cues. Impairment of either CXCR4 (biochemical responsive) or the collagen receptor DDR2 (biomechanical responsive) abrogated polarization of leader cells and directed collective migration. This work demonstrates that K14+ leader cells utilize both chemical and mechanical cues from the microenvironment to polarize to the leading edge of collectively migrating tumors.

Significance:
These findings demonstrate that pre-existing, randomly distributed leader cells within primary tumor organoids use CXCR4 and DDR2 to polarize to the leading edge and direct migration.
Free Fatty Acids Rewire Cancer Metabolism in Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer via Estrogen Receptor and mTOR Signaling
Authors: Madak-Erdogan Zeynep , Band Shoham , Zhao Yiru C. , Smith Brandi P. , Kulkoyluoglu-Cotul Eylem , Zuo Qianying , Santaliz Casiano Ashlie , Wrobel Kinga , Rossi Gianluigi , Smith Rebecca L. , Kim Sung Hoon , Katzenellenbogen John A. , Johnson Mariah L. , Patel Meera , Marino Natascia , Storniolo Anna Maria V. , Flaws Jodi A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Molecular mechanisms underlying factors from plasma that contribute to this risk and how these mechanisms affect ERα signaling have yet to be elucidated. To identify such mechanisms, we performed whole metabolite and protein profiling in plasma samples from women at high risk for breast cancer, which led us to focus on factors that were differentially present in plasma of obese versus nonobese postmenopausal women. These studies, combined with in vitro assays, identified free fatty acids (FFA) as circulating plasma factors that correlated with increased proliferation and aggressiveness in ER+ breast cancer cells. FFAs activated both the ERα and mTOR pathways and rewired metabolism in breast cancer cells. Pathway preferential estrogen-1 (PaPE-1), which targets ERα and mTOR signaling, was able to block changes induced by FFA and was more effective in the presence of FFA. Collectively, these data suggest a role for obesity-associated gene and metabolic rewiring in providing new targetable vulnerabilities for ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, they provide a basis for preclinical and clinical trials where the impact of agents that target ERα and mTOR signaling cross-talk would be tested to prevent ER+ breast cancers in obese postmenopausal women.Significance:These findings show that obesity-associated changes in certain blood metabolites rewire metabolic programs in cancer cells, influence mammary epithelial cell tumorigenicity and aggressiveness, and increase breast cancer risk.
Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Identifies PMPCB as a Therapeutic Vulnerability in EpCAM+ Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Takai Atsushi , Dang Hien , Oishi Naoki , Khatib Subreen , Martin Sean P. , Dominguez Dana A. , Luo Ji , Bagni Rachel , Wu Xiaolin , Powell Katie , Ye Qing-Hai , Jia Hu-Liang , Qin Lun-Xiu , Chen Jinqiu , Mitchell Gary A. , Luo Xiaoling , Thorgeirsson Snorri S. , Wang Xin Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease for which a dominant actionable molecular driver has not been identified. Patients with the stem cell–like EpCAM+AFP+ HCC subtype have poor prognosis. Here, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen to identify genes with a synthetic lethal interaction with EpCAM as a potential therapeutic target for the EpCAM+AFP+ HCC subtype. We identified 26 candidate genes linked to EpCAM/Wnt/β-catenin signaling and HCC cell growth. We further characterized the top candidate PMPCB, which plays a role in mitochondrial protein processing, as a bona fide target for EpCAM+ HCC. PMPCB blockage suppressed EpCAM expression and Wnt/β-catenin signaling via mitochondria-related reactive oxygen species production and FOXO activities, resulting in apoptosis and tumor suppression. These results indicate that a synthetic lethality screen is a viable strategy to identify actionable drivers of HCC and identify PMPCB as a therapeutically vulnerable gene in EpCAM+ HCC subpopulations.Significance:This study identifies PMPCB as critical to mitochondrial homeostasis and a synthetic lethal candidate that selectively kills highly resistant EpCAM+ HCC tumors by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Resíduo de mármore como atenuador de efluente ácido
Authors: Neves Mirna Aparecida , Taguchi Simone Pereira , Silva Douglas Rosa da , Vieira Fabrício Thiengo 
Published: March 2019

Dimension stones are worldwide used as building and finishing material, reason why the environmental problems inherent to this productive sector became relevant in various countries. One of these problems is the production of large amounts of wastes during the sawing of rocky blocks and polishing of plates. The waste generated by cutting marble with diamond wire consists of fine particles of calcium and magnesium carbonate dispersed in water. This mud has basic character, and it is destined to drying beds or open pit deposits. In parallel, many production processes generate hazardous acidic effluents, which disposal is a serious and global problem. The pH of these solutions must be neutralized or, at least, raised to levels that are considered safe by environmental regulations. In this work, a strong acid solution was treated with varying amounts of marble waste coming from the dimension stone industry. The treatment generated secondary solid and liquid phases that were analyzed to determine the feasibility of their disposal in landfills. The waste raised the pH of the acid solution from near 1.0 to values between 5.0 and 6.0, which are acceptable levels for non-dangerous effluents. Besides that, loss of up to 50% in mass occurred, diminishing the amount of the primary solid waste. By the other hand, the levels of total dissolved solids (TDS), Cu, chlorides and nitrates on the liquid phase of the effluent remained higher than that allowed by environmental legislation for discharge into water bodies. Nevertheless, their characteristics correspond to non-hazardous and non-inert wastes, which, after dried, can be discarded in ordinary waste landfills.
Um intelectual na mira da repressão: Milton Santos e o golpe de 1964
Authors: Lima Thiago Machado de 
Published: March 2019

Este artigo analisa a experiência de repressão política sofrida por Milton Santos em consequência da instauração do golpe civil-militar de 31 de março de 1964 que destituiu o governo do presidente João Goulart. A problemática central se concentra na compreensão do processo de prisão e exílio do geógrafo e o que esses fatos representaram na sua trajetória. O texto tem como base documental fontes jornalísticas, militares e entrevistas e toma como referencial teórico as concepções de Jean François Sirinelli e Michel Pollack. Espera-se contribuir para elucidar aspectos ainda pouco investigados da trajetória política e intelectual de Milton Santos, enfatizando que o golpe de 1964 representou uma inflexão na vida de intelectuais brasileiros que estiveram sintonizados com ideais progressistas e empreenderam lutas na defesa de uma sociedade mais igualitária.
Insights into the feeding ecology of and threats to Sand Cat Felis margarita Loche, 1858 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in the Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan
Authors: Brighten Alex Leigh , Burnside Robert John 
Published: March 2019

Little is known about the ecology of the Sand Cat Felis margarita throughout its range in the deserts of northern Africa to central Asia. We present observations of the Sand Cat in the southern Kyzylkum Desert, Uzbekistan, potentially preying upon a large bird and returning to the kill on subsequent nights. This record contributes to the knowledge about the feeding ecology and varied diet of the Sand Cat and its opportunistic hunting strategy.
Abstract 189: Novel Drug Development Controlling Residual Inflammatory Risk in Diabetic Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Yussman Martin , Wagner David , Vaitaitis Gisela , Waid Dan 
Published: March 2019

Sustained inflammation is a crucial pathologic component in atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes (T2D). A common molecular player driving auto-inflammation in both diseases is the CD40/CD154 inflammatory dyad. By normalizing the aberrant contact dependent interaction of the CD40/CD154 dyad, and resultant auto-inflammation, multiple studies have shown both prevention and therapeutic efficacy in both diseases.
We designed a series of peptides derived from the CD154 protein sequence that are capable of binding directly to the CD40 receptor to interrupt the inflammatory signal pathways. Two peptides, KGYY6 and KGYY15, were highly effective, initially demonstrating efficacy in type one diabetes mouse models. KGYY6 was chosen for additional testing in the T2D model with atherosclerosis.
ApoE-/- mice were utilized due to their ability to develop severe vascular disease and acquire the elements of T2D after 16 weeks of a high fat diet (HFD). KGYY6 was administered by IV tail injection at a dose of 1mg/kg and compared to controls given vehicle only.
Aortic en-Face analysis with Sudan IV stain demonstrated significant reduction in plaque in KGYY6 treated mice. Decreases in plaque area and changes in both smooth muscle and collagen measurement were additionally noted by sequential 5um aortic cross sections from the aortic valve leaflets into the ascending aorta. In-vitro analysis of CD3+CD4+CD40+ splenic cells demonstrated a reduction in inflammatory cytokine expression in response to KGYY6 treatment, specifically IL2, IFNγ, and IL17, which are potent cytokines in atherosclerosis.
Western blot analysis performed on adipose and muscle tissue demonstrated an increased expression of the glucose transport protein GLUT 4, with corresponding glucose tolerance testing demonstrating increased glucose tolerance and improved insulin sensitivity with lowered plasma insulin level.
KGYY6 normalizes the aberrant CD40/CD154 interaction, reducing inflammatory cytokines and regulating glucose, all together resulting in abrogating atherosclerosis.
Abstract 280: Are There Sex-specific Differences in Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation?
Authors: Kudze Tambudzai , Isaji Toshihiko , Ono Shun , Hashimoto Takuya , Yatsula Bogdan , Hu Haidi , Liu Haiyang , Dardik Alan 
Published: March 2019

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred method of dialysis access due to its proven superior long term outcomes. However, women have lower rates of AVF maturation than men (38% vs. 60%), preventing optimal AVF use. Using a novel mouse AVF model that recapitulates human AVF maturation, we tested the hypothesis that there is a difference in male and female AVF maturation.
Aortocaval fistulae were created in male and female C57BL/6 mice (9-10wk). At days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21, aortic and IVC diameters and flow velocity were monitored by Doppler ultrasound. We then calculated shear stress. Using qPCR, we measured messenger RNA (mRNA). AVF were examined at day 21 and AVF wall thickness was measured by computer morphometry.
Female mice weighed less preoperatively and at day 21 (p<0.05). They also had larger suprarenal aortic diameter (p=0.002) but smaller infrarenal IVC diameter (p<0.05) at baseline. After AVF creation, there was similar dilation of the infrarenal aorta and IVC in both male and female mice (p>0.05). Infrarenal IVC mean velocity was decreased in female mice at baseline and at day 3, 14 and 21 (p<0.05). Similarly, mean laminar shear stress magnitude in the infrarenal IVC was decreased in female mice at day 7 (p=0.03), 14 (p=0.04) and 21 (p=0.01). There was no difference in the infrarenal aorta shear stress magnitude (p=0.80). mRNA of KLF2, a marker of laminar shear stress, was decreased in the venous limb of female AVF on day 21 (p=0.048). Preoperatively, female mice had thinner venous walls (p=0.035). However, at day 21, AVF wall thickness was similar (p=0.18).
AVF in female mice have lower magnitudes of laminar shear stress, lower expression of KLF2 mRNA and a higher percent increase in wall thickness. These findings suggest a mechanism underlying the diminished rates of AVF maturation in women.
Abstract 335: Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Novel Complementary Tool for Investigations of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Cao Amos A , Scheven Ulrich M , Greve Joan M 
Published: March 2019

Therapeutic angiogenesis is pertinent to the acute survival of distal ischemic tissue and a relevant treatment for critical limb ischemia (CLI). Therapeutic arteriogeneis is pertinent to the restoration of function, via collateral vessel formation in proximal tissue that is not typically ischemic, and a relevant treatment for preventing intermittent claudication from advancing to CLI. In preclinical models of peripheral artery disease (PAD), laser perfusion imaging methods are applicable to the former. However, recently published results indicate they underestimate recovery and their limited penetration depth restrict their application to the latter. Our objective was to evaluate whether phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) could be used as a complementary method in murine models of PAD.
C57BL/6 male mice underwent femoral artery ligation (n=5). Mice were imaged prior to and day 3 after surgery. PC-MRI uses the phase of the MRI signal to calculate velocity of blood flow within a voxel. Integrating velocity across the vessel lumen results in flow measurements. Maximum velocity and mean volumetric flow were compared at the infrarenal aorta and ipsilateral (Ip) and contralateral (Con) iliac arteries.
Maximum velocities did not change in the aorta or Con (pre vs. day 3: aorta, 55.4±7.2 vs. 48.9±9.4 cm/sec; Con, 45.7±7.5 vs. 40.7±8.0 cm/sec). Mean volumetric flows also did not change in the aorta or Con (pre vs. day 3: aorta, 2.0±0.7 vs. 1.53±0.4 mL/min; Con, 1.1±0.4 vs. 0.92±0.3 mL/min). In the ipsilateral iliac artery, maximum velocity was reduced by ~35% (pre vs. day 3: 43.6±5.7 vs. 28.4±5.5 cm/sec, p=0.002), leading to a reduction in mean flow of ~41% (1.1±0.4 vs. 0.63±0.3 mL/min, p=0.04). Ip/Con ratios for both metrics were: 0.98±0.2 vs. 0.74±0.2 cm/sec, p=0.03; and, 1.0±0.1 vs. 0.72±0.3 mL/min, p=0.03.
Our previous work demonstrated the ability to promote proximal-arteriogenesis by inducing distal-angiogenesis via application of a slow-release growth factor. Having developed a non-invasive method to directly quantify velocity and flow in large proximal vessels, we will have the opportunity to explore the biomechanical mechanisms coupling angio- and arterio-genesis even though they occur temporally and spatially separated.