bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Reputation Trumps Policy: Party Productivity Brand and the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act
Authors: Green Matthew N. , Deatherage William 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn late 2017, congressional Republicans enacted a major tax bill despite voter opposition, resistance from organized interests, and considerable uncertainty about its policy consequences. Why did they do so? We argue that Republicans’ concern with their party’s reputation–in particular, its productivity brand–trumped negative evaluations of the legislation by citizens, interest groups, and policy experts. To support this claim, we analyze measures of legislative output, news media content, public opinion, and lawmaker sentiment. Our findings underscore the importance of party reputation in explaining legislative behavior and suggest that there may be explanatory value in distinguishing between different types of party valence brands.
Proportional correlates of cystatin-C with pentraxin-3, visceral adiposity index and atherogenicity index of plasma but not blood indices in metabolic syndrome patients with and without prediabetes
Authors: Al-Batsh Musa Moh’d Waleed , Albsoul-Younes Abla , Kasabri Violet , Suyagh Maysa , Alalawi Sundos , Yasin Nada 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Pentraxin-3 (PXT-3) and cystatin-C (Cys-C) are robustly related with central obesity and insulin resistance in prediabetes/metabolic syndrome (preDM-MetS).

Materials and methods
This cross-sectional study aimed to compare and correlate PXT-3 and Cys-C plasma levels in 29 normoglycemic MetS patients, 30 newly diagnosed drug naive preDM-MetS cases vs. 29 normoglycemic lean controls.

Results
Unlike PXT-3; Cys-C level was significantly higher in normoglycemic MetS (but not preDM-MetS) vs. healthy controls. Except for fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c; no further intergroup discrepancy could be identified between the MetS arms. Adiposity indices [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist/height ratio (WHtR), body adiposity index (BAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) but not conicity index (CI)], atherogenicity index of plasma (AIP) (but not non-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (nonHDL)-C, non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio or total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C ratio) or any of blood indices were substantially higher in both MetS (normoglycemic and preDM) groups vs. controls. Low density lipoprotein (LDL)-C/HDL-C ratio, visceral adiposity index (VAI) and WHR were exceptionally greater in MetS-preDM vs. controls. Marked proportional PTX-3-Cys-C correlation was noted in 59 MetS participants (normoglycemic and preDM). PTX-3 (but not Cys-C) correlated proportionally with each of neutrophils, monocyte/lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio but inversely with the lymphocyte count. Substantially, Cys-C (but not PXT-3) positively associated with both VAI and AIP but inversely with HDL-C. Neither biomarker in MetS pool had relations with red blood cell distribution width-coefficient of variation (RDW-CV%), BMI, WC, HC, CI, WHR, WHtR, BAI, LAP, non-HDL-C, ratios of non-HDL-C/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C or TC/HDL-C.

Conclusion
PXT-3 and Cys-C can be surrogate prognostic/diagnostic biomarkers or putative MetS therapy targets.
An investigation of interruption in courtroom discourse
Authors: Hu Pi-chan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this research project, we introduce an interdisciplinary study of language and the law—forensic linguistics. In the field of forensic linguistics, the topic of discourse probably receives the most study. The discourse phenomenon we investigated is interruption, commonly regarded as a display of power and control. Our study concentrated on observing the distributions and functions of interruption that take place in criminal courtroom discourse. Given the unique features in criminal courtroom discourse, such as the highly institutionalized nature, the strong goal orientation, the unique question–answer interaction pattern, its rigid procedure and the high stakes for the defendants, the interruption phenomenon greatly deviates away from that in other settings.
For our observation, we collected data from the trial proceedings of criminal courts. The main concern is to determine whether the defendants’ right to speak and to be heard is respected by the other participants in the courtroom. Too much interruption may prevent the defendants from explaining themselves, thus infringing on their legal rights. Overall, judges and prosecutors interrupt considerably more frequently than defense lawyers and defendants. The asymmetry in treatment towards the participants in court trials can be censorable. In addition, we found that time pressure prevented judges from giving participants sufficient time to express themselves.
Institutions Protecting Democracy: A Preliminary Inquiry
Authors: Tushnet Mark 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In the late twentieth century constitution-designers came to understand that, in addition to the three classic Montesquiean functions of law-making, law-applying, and law-interpreting, constitutional institutions had to perform an additional function, that of protecting the constitution itself. That function is performed by constitutional courts, but also by agencies concerned with elections and with corruption. A case study of an important anti-corruption inquiry in South Africa illustrates the proposition that institutions protecting the constitution must combine independence from other political actors with some degree of accountability to them. Following the case study, the Article examines some general characteristics of these institutions, sketching some of the questions about independence and accountability that constitution-designers must consider. Among those questions are the possibility of too much independence, with the institutions having a greater impact on political outcomes than is appropriate, too much responsiveness to non-political but professional concerns such as legality and the details of accounting conventions, and of course too much accountability to the very political institutions that these agencies are designed to regulate. Throughout the Article emphasizes the role of conflicts of interest both in setting the agenda for these agencies and in posing the risk that the agencies will undermine rather than protect the constitution.
Presidential Term Limits in Latin America: A Critical Analysis of the Migration of the Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendment Doctrine
Authors: Landau David 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Across a number of countries including Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Nicaragua, incumbent presidents in Latin America have recently sought to amend their constitutions to eliminate or weaken presidential term limits. In some cases, these efforts to extend terms have been part of broader projects to consolidate power, weaken other state institutions, and tilt the electoral playing field in favor of incumbents. From a legal perspective, these cases are interesting because they highlight the limits of tools limiting constitutional change, such as eternity clauses and the unconstitutional constitutional amendment doctrine, to constrain potentially anti-democratic or anti-liberal forms of constitutional change. Although constitutional texts in most of these cases gave courts ample ammunition to reject attempts to eliminate term limits or at least to force those changes down more demanding paths, courts did not stand in the way of most of these efforts and in some cases even used the doctrines to eliminate rather than protect term limits. The case studies highlight the extent to which the “superficial” spread of doctrines controlling constitutional change may fail to block, and indeed may promote, forms of constitutional change that threaten liberal democratic constitutionalism. It also suggests possibilities for deepening the effectiveness of transnational dialogue on these issues.
How bispectral index compares to spectral entropy of the EEG and A-line ARX index in the same patient
Authors: Tiefenthaler Werner , Colvin Joshua , Steger Bernhard , Pfeiffer Karl P. , Moser Patrizia L. , Walde Janette , Lorenz Ingo H. , Kolbitsch Christian 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring of depth of anesthesia has pioneered the field for more recent monitoring devices like the A-line ARX Index (AAI) or the state (SE) and response entropy (RE) monitoring devices. Following an observational design the present study aimed to simultaneously compare in the same patient recorded BIS, AAI and entropy values.

Methods
Data from patients (n = 32) undergoing minor gynecological operations were analyzed. For all patients, standardized anesthesia was used. Before induction of anesthesia AEP electrodes, BIS and entropy sensors were simultaneously placed on the forehead and recordings were started at 3 minutes before induction and continued until patient transfer to the postanesthesia care unit. Markers were set at defined landmarks.

Results
Anesthesia reduced mean BIS, AAI and entropy values. During uneventful, and even more pronounced, during eventful anesthesia BIS/ entropy and BIS/ AAI values showed better correlation than did AAI and entropy values. The prediction probability (Pk) of AAI (0.824 ± 0.036) and RE (0.786 ± 0.040) or SE (0.781 ± 0.040) for preanesthesia awake, postanesthesia awake or anesthesia was comparable and significantly greater than that of BIS (0.705 ± 0.047). However, only 20% of BIS, AAI and entropy values simultaneously categorized the state of the patient as awake, inadequate anesthesia, optimal anesthesia or deep anesthesia.

Conclusion
The prediction probability (Pk) of entropy and AAI was comparable and better than that of BIS. However, agreement between BIS, AAI and entropy measurements on patient state was poor.
Maya Index dan Karakteristik Lingkungan Area Rumah dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue
Authors: Dewi Annisa Arum Kartika , Sukendra Dyah Mahendrasari 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak
Pada tahun 2017 IR DBD sebesar 124,3 per 100.000 penduduk. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara maya index dan karakteristik lingkungan area rumah dengan kejadian DBD di daerah endemis DBD Kelurahan Kadipiro Kota Surakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan rancangan penelitian case control. Sampel sebesar 45 kasus dan 45 kontrol dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar pengukuran dan lembar observasi, kuesioner, roll meter dan dokumen rekam medik. Data dianalisis secara univariat untuk mendeskripsikan semua variabel penelitian dan secara bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan perhitungan Odds Ratio(OR). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei-Juni 2018. Hasil penelitian ini adalah maya index (p=0,408), keadaan TPA terbuka (p=0,036), ventilasi rumah tanpa kawat kassa (p=0,135), keberadaan pakain yang menggantung (p=0,021), kepadatan hunian (p=0,168), jarak antar rumah (p=1,000), keberadaan pekarangan kosong (p=0,047), keberadaan tempat minum unggas (p=1,000). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara keadaan TPA terbuka, keberadaan pakaian menggantung, keberadaan pekarangan kosong dengan kejadian DBD.

Abstract
In 2017 the dengue fever was 124.3 per 100,000 population. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the maya index and environmental characteristics of the home area with the incidence of DHF in endemic area of DHF Kadipiro Surakarta. Type of research was analytic observasional with research design case control. Samples of 45 cases and 45 controls by sampling technique that is purposive sampling. The instruments used are measurement sheets and observation sheets, questionnaires, roll meters and medical record documents. Data were analyzed univariat to describe all research variables and bivariate with test chi-square and calculation Odds Ratio. The study was conducted in May-June 2018. The results of this study were maya index(p=0.408), open landfill conditions(p=0,036), homeless house ventilation(p=0,135), the existence of hanging clothes(p=0,021), occupancy density(p=0,168) distance between homes(p=1,000), the existence of empty yard(p=0,047), existence of poultry drinking place(p=1,000). The conclusion, there is a relationship between the open landfill conditions, the existence of hanging clothes, the existence of empty yard with the incidence of DHF.
Enhancement of the immunogenicity of influenza A virus by the inhibition of immunosuppressive function of NS1 protein
Authors: Vasilyev Kirill A. , Yukhneva Maria A. , Shurygina Anna-Polina S. , Stukova Marina A. , Egorov Andrej Y. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The truncation of the nonstructural NS1 protein is a novel approach for the generation of immunogenic attenuated influenza viruses. However, the innate immune mechanisms that cause the increased immunogenicity of influenza viruses with altered NS1 proteins are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to compare the immune responses in mice immunized with two variants of the influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (A/PR8) virus: the wild type virus (A/PR8/full NS) and the variant with the NS1 protein shortened to 124 amino acid residues (A/PR8/NS124). The investigated parameters of immunity included cytokine production, the dynamic variation of the innate immune cell populations, and the rate of the influenza-specific T-cell responses. An intraperitoneal route of immunization was chosen due to the variability in the replication capacity of the investigated viruses in the respiratory tract. The levels of interferon β (IFNβ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), monocyte chemo-attractant protein 1 (MCP1), interleukin 6 (IL6), and IL27 in peritoneal washings of mice immunized with A/PR8/NS124 were significantly higher compared to the mice immunized with the wild-type virus. The A/PR8/NS124 treated group showed a delayed attraction of monocytes and neutrophils as well as a more pronounced reduction in the percentage of dendritic cells in the peritoneal cavity. The expression level of the CD86 activation marker on the cells expressing the molecules of the major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII+) was significantly higher in mice immunized with A/PR8/NS124 than in the group immunized with A/PR8/full NS. Finally, immunization with A/PR8/NS124 led to an increased formation of influenza-specific CD8+ effector T-cells characterized by the simultaneous production of IFNγ, IL2, and TNFα. We hypothesize that elevated cytokine production, enhanced dendritic cell migration, and increased CD86 expression on antigen-presenting cells upon immunization with A/PR8/NS124 lead to a more effective presentation of viral antigens and, therefore, promote an increased antigen-specific CD8+ immune response.
Küçükbaş Hayvanlarda Pire Sorunu ve Mücadele Yöntemleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Siirt İli Şirvan İlçesi Örneği
Authors: TAŞKIN Turgay , AKGÜL Gülşah , KARAKAYA BİLEN Ebru , ÜN Cemal , KANDEMİR Çağrı 
Published: November 2018

Amaç: Siirt ili Şirvan ilçesine bağlı merkez ve çevre köylerindeki koyun ve keçi yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerde pirenin önemi ve mücadele yöntemleri konusunda bir durum tespiti yapmaktır.Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma materyalini, Şirvan ilçe Tarım ve Hayvancılık İl Müdürlüğü kayıtlarından gayeli örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 165 küçükbaş işletmesi oluşturmuştur.Bulgular: Çalışmada, pire sorununun aile tipi işletmelerde görülme oranı % 35.6 iken bu oran ticari işletmelerde % 44.4 dür. İşletme tipleri bakımından pire görülme oranları arasında belirlenen fark istatistiki olarak önemli değildir. Aile tipi işletmelerde pire görülen hayvanlarda en tipik belirti kaşıntı (% 46.6) iken, ticari işletmelerdeki hayvanlarda birden fazla belirti (% 61.1) gözlenmiştir. Pire, aile tipi işletmelerde en çok yavrularda (% 46.6) en az sağmal hayvanlarda (% 4.8) gözlenirken, ticari işletmelerde ise en çok ergin hayvanlarda (% 38.9), en az ise gebe hayvanlarda (% 5.6) saptanmıştır. Pire, aile tipi hayvancılık işletmelerinde en çok koltuk altında (% 48.6) ve kulakta (% 22.6) gözlenirken, ticari işletmelerde kulak (% 38.9) pirenin en çok görülen vücut bölgesi olmuştur. Ticari hayvancılık işletmelerinde vücudun diğer bölgelerinde pire görülme oranı ise % 22.2 dir. Pireyle mücadelede en fazla kullanılan yöntem, aile tipi işletmelerde sıvı ilaç iken (% 45.2) ticari işletmelerde toz yöntem (% 33.3) olmuştur. Aile ve ticari işletmelerde bulunan köpeklerde pire sorunu görülme oranı sırasıyla; % 47.9 ve % 33.3 dür.Sonuç: Siirt ili Şirvan ilçesinde küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiricileri açısından pire zararının önemi vurgulanarak pireden kaynaklanan hayvan ölümleri ya da oluşan ekonomik kayıpları en aza indirecek mücadele yöntemleri belirlenmelidir.
Reduction in Gaps in High CD4 Count and Viral Suppression Between Transgender and Cisgender Persons Living With HIV in New York City, 2007–2016
Authors: Xia Qiang , Seyoum Selam , Wiewel Ellen W. , Torian Lucia V. , Braunstein Sarah L. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To compare trends in HIV outcomes for cisgender and transgender persons living with HIV (PLWH) in New York City. Methods. We used HIV surveillance data for the analysis. We based CD4 count on the last measurement in a calendar year and defined viral suppression as the last viral load being less than or equal to 200 copies per milliliter in the calendar year. Results. The estimated number of PLWH increased from 73 415 in 2007 to 83 299 in 2016, including 606 transgender persons (0.8%) in 2007 and 1054 transgender persons (1.3%) in 2016. The proportion with CD4 count of 500 cells per cubic millimeter or more increased from 38% in 2007 to 61% in 2016 among cisgender persons versus 32% to 60% among transgender persons. The proportion with a suppressed viral load increased from 52% in 2007 to 80% in 2016 among cisgender persons versus 42% to 73% among transgender persons. Conclusions. Among PLWH in New York City, CD4 count and viral suppression improved during 2007 to 2016, with larger improvements among transgender persons, leading to narrower gaps. However, continuing efforts to improve HIV outcomes among transgender PLWH are needed to further eliminate disparities, particularly in viral suppression.
Traumatic Divergent Elbow Dislocation with Associated Forearm Amputation in an Adult
Authors: Greene Ryan M. , Bader Jacqueline E. , Mauter Libby , Sears Benjamin W. , Tirre Conrad J. , Hatzidakis Armodios M. 
Published: November 2018

Case:
A 49-year-old right-hand-dominant man sustained an auger-related injury that resulted in open dislocation at the left wrist and palm, with complete amputation of the distal aspect of the forearm and the hand. The injury at the elbow included instability with an ulnar coronoid fracture, posterior dislocation of the ulna, and posterolateral dislocation of the radius. To restore stability of the forearm stump and elbow, we performed a complete resection of the radius, open reduction and internal fixation of the coronoid tip, a repair of the lateral collateral ligament, and transfer of the distal biceps tendon to the coronoid.

Conclusion:
The procedure stabilized the elbow, allowing for early mobilization. The patient was eventually fitted with a prosthesis that allowed him to return to full-time manual labor in a rural setting.
Horner Syndrome After Anterior Revision Surgery for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Very Rare Complication
Authors: Fernandes Marques Manuel , Barros Luís Henrique , Lopes Correia Bruno , Lopes da Silva Eurico , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo 
Published: November 2018

Case:
We report a case of postoperative left-sided Horner syndrome (blepharoptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis) after revision surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. A C4 corpectomy and an anterior cervical fusion from C3 to C5 were performed through a left longitudinal approach in a patient with a surgical history of an anterior discectomy and a fusion from C5 to C6. One year after the revision surgery, the patient had recovered from the anhidrosis and the miosis, but the blepharoptosis was not fully resolved.

Conclusion:
Horner syndrome resulting from surgical injury to the ipsilateral cervical sympathetic chain is a very rare complication of anterior spine surgery that has been reported when the lower cervical levels have been approached. Awareness of this important cervical structure may help to avoid this complication.
Hereditary Neuropathy with Liability to Pressure Palsies: A Rare Condition That Presents with Common Symptoms
Authors: Mota Pedro Teixeira da , Maio Marta , Sapage Rita , Branco Carlos , Pintado Carlos 
Published: November 2018

Case:
A 13-year-old girl presented with paresthesia of the fourth and fifth fingers and the dorsal ulnar surface of the left hand that had started 3 months prior. Physical examination showed loss of sensation at the ulnar side of the fourth and fifth fingers and a positive Froment sign. Electromyography showed a severe motor conduction block in the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Eighteen months later, the patient had similar symptoms in the right hand. The diagnosis of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) was considered and confirmed with genetic testing.

Conclusion:
HNPP is a rare disease that should be considered not only in patients with multiple compressive neuropathies, but also in patients with any unexpected or unexplained neuropathy, even if it is isolated.
Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction or Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Irreparable Bilateral Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Azevedo Clara , Ângelo Ana Catarina 
Published: November 2018

Case:An active elderly patient with bilateral chronic rotator cuff tear underwent a reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) on the right shoulder and an arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) with a fascia lata autograft on the left shoulder. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case that compares these 2 techniques for irreparable rotator cuff tears in the same patient.Conclusion:The patient had very good midterm (2 and 8 years of follow-up) functional outcomes with both treatment options. However, the ASCR was found to have superior clinical outcome measures, and it is a valid alternative to RTSA for irreparable rotator cuff tears in the appropriate setting.