bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mouth in inflammatory bowel disease and aspects of orofacial granulomatosis
Authors: Hullah Esther A. , Escudier Michael P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease has a wide range of possible oral manifestations, many of which overlap with those seen in other conditions, including orofacial granulomatosis. The precise etiology remains unclear, as is the exact relationship between orofacial granulomatosis and Crohn's disease. Overall, there is growing evidence that orofacial granulomatosis and oral Crohn's disease are distinct clinical disorders with optimal management requiring a multidisciplinary approach with input from appropriate specialists in oral medicine, gastroenterology, allergy, dietetics, and clinical psychology. This review details the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, epidemiology, extra‐intestinal, and oral manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease and orofacial granulomatosis. It also assesses the current role of investigations in the diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis and critically reviews the available evidence in relation to medical and surgical interventions for the condition, and its relationship to Crohn's disease.
Viral, bacterial, and fungal infections of the oral mucosa: Types, incidence, predisposing factors, diagnostic algorithms, and management
Authors: Bandara H. M. H. N. , Samaranayake Lakshman P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor millions of years, microbiota residing within us, including those in the oral cavity, coexisted in a harmonious symbiotic fashion that provided a quintessential foundation for human health. It is now clear that disruption of such a healthy relationship leading to microbial dysbiosis causes a wide array of infections, ranging from localized, mild, superficial infections to deep, disseminated life‐threatening diseases. With recent advances in research, diagnostics, and improved surveillance we are witnessing an array of emerging and re‐emerging oral infections and orofacial manifestations of systemic infections. Orofacial infections may cause significant discomfort to the patients and unnecessary economic burden. Thus, the early recognition of such infections is paramount for holistic patient management, and oral clinicians have a critical role in recognizing, diagnosing, managing, and preventing either new or old orofacial infections. This paper aims to provide an update on current understanding of well‐established and emerging viral, bacterial, and fungal infections manifesting in the human oral cavity.
Common oral opportunistic infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Changing epidemiology; diagnostic criteria and methods; management protocols
Authors: Ranganathan Kannan , Umadevi Krishna Mohan Rao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere were 36.9 million in the world living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as of 2017, and new infections have seen a reduction by 18% since 2010. But this rate of decline is not sufficient for the goal of eradication of AIDS by 2030. Only 21.7 million people infected with HIV have accesses to antiretroviral therapy, with the rest at risk of the potential complications of HIV infection. It has been shown that oral lesions are diagnostic and prognostic of HIV infection, and many oral opportunistic infections continue to be a major problem, particularly in developing countries. It is therefore important that dental surgeons be aware and updated to recognize and manage the oral effects of HIV infection/AIDS. This chapter describes the classification, diagnosis, and management of oral lesions in these patients, based on our current understanding of the infection. This review also discusses the standardization of diagnosis of oral lesions in HIV infection/AIDS patients, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome case definition, and the research priorities formulated at the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS.
Challenges of the interface of oral medicine and periodontology: Some lessons for the future?
Authors: Porter Stephen , Johnson Newell W. , Fedele Stefano 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis final chapter provides a commentary of what might be learned from this series of articles in relation to the 2017 Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant Diseases and Conditions and argues that future classifications should expand sections on nondental plaque‐induced disease that will further patient care, education and research in periodontology, and allied subjects.
The income inequality, financial depth and economic growth nexus in China
Authors: Koh Sharon G. M. , Lee Grace H. Y. , Bomhoff Eduard J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIncome inequality has increased in China despite rapid economic growth. Income inequality could impinge on future development, leading to social tension or political instability. Our study investigates the short‐run and long‐run relationship between three important macroeconomic indicators—income inequality, economic growth and financial depth. We utilise a two‐step procedure of ARDL bounds and Granger causality for the analysis. The bounds test indicates the presence of a cointegrating relationship between income inequality, financial depth and economic growth in the long run. In the second step, we utilise the Granger causality approach. Results show a bidirectional causality between financial depth‐growth and a unidirectional causality between inequality‐growth in the short run. In the long run, results reveal that growth and financial depth determine Gini. Our findings provide support for the inequality‐widening effect due to economic growth and higher credit provided to the private sector. We find no evidence of inequality‐narrowing or income‐equalising effect in the long run for the period of study. It is possible that the government's inclusive growth policies which started less than a decade ago have not taken effect for us to capture the inverted U‐shape income equalising effect significantly.
The influence of treatment with lokivetmab on transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in dogs with spontaneously occurring atopic dermatitis
Authors: Szczepanik Marcin , Wilkołek Piotr , Gołyński Marcin , Sitkowski Wiesław , Taszkun Iwona , Toczek Wojciech 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases in dogs. Monitoring the progress of treatment may include assessment of lesion severity by use of Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index (CADESI), assessment of pruritus and measurement of biophysical parameters of the skin.HypothesisThis study aimed to assess changes in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) during 12 weeks of treatment with lokivetmab and its correlation with the CADESI‐04 and the severity of pruritus.AnimalsTen client‐owned dogs with canine AD.Methods and materialsThe animals were administered lokivetmab three times at four week intervals. Pruritus and CADESI‐04 were assessed, and TEWL was measured at six body regions, on Day 0 and repeated at weeks 4, 8 and 12.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in the CADESI‐04 score, the severity of pruritus and the mean TEWL between baseline and each of the time points. TEWL also decreased in the majority of body sites examined. Significant correlations between the CADESI‐04 and mean TEWL (r = 0.519, P = 0.0003), and between pruritus severity and mean TEWL (r = 0.517, P = 0.0003), were found.Conclusions and clinical significanceOverall TEWL decreased during lokivetmab treatment but not at all body sites. If TEWL is used to assess the effectiveness of a treatment, a mean TEWL score should be calculated from several areas of the body.
WHITEHEAD, CHANCE, AND THE IMMANENTLY CREATIVE SPIRIT
Authors: McCall Bradford 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this essay, it is argued that God through the Spirit is both the immanent and eminent principle of creativity, ever wooing and empowering the advancements in complexity within biological evolution. I argue herein also that God, particularly in and through the activity of the Spirit of creativity, was fully present in and with and under what is oft called “creation,” from the very beginning of created time—and will be to the end of time, proleptically present as the expression of the principle of creativity. I maintain that the Spirit, by her kenosis into the natural world, imbibed the nature with an evolving fertility that has continually manifested itself in and through the increases of complexity in the natural environ. This primal imbibing of herself into the world of nature caused the world to become marked by what principally amounts to an activation of the naturally occurring, inherent potentialities within nature, thereby producing a distinctive self‐creativity within the world. Somewhat akin to Peirce, who said that we need a “thorough‐going evolutionism or none,” I contend that we need a thoroughly immanent God or none, all the while noting that both immanent creativity and self‐creativity are marks of this overall poietic process known as biotic evolution.
WONDER SUSTAINED: A REPLY TO CRITICS
Authors: Sideris Lisa H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA set of science‐inspired cosmic narratives referred to as the Epic of Evolution and the Universe Story or, collectively, the new cosmology, proposes to bring humans closer to nature by placing us into the broader narrative of the cosmos. This article responds to commentary and critique on my bookConsecrating Science: Wonder, Knowledge, and the Natural World, which critically examines these science‐based cosmic narratives and their particular and problematic modes and objects of wonder. Themes include the relationship of wonder to science and ethical engagement; the question of whether wonder, grounded in everyday sensory experience, can scale up to the level of global environmental problems; the relevance of wonder to nonideal environments and negative affects like fear or grief; and the importance of humanistic and religious studies scholarship for critiquing grand narratives of science, among other themes. I also respond to claims that my book misdiagnoses and distorts the work of the new cosmology and its claims to wonder.
OLD TEXTS, NEW MASKS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF MISREADING EVOLUTION ONTO HISTORICAL ISLAMIC TEXTS
Authors: Ahmed Malik Shoaib 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith the increasing interest in Islam and evolution, some Islamic thinkers have vehemently rejected evolution, while others have eagerly embraced it. However, those seeking to embrace evolution sometimes err in their interpretation of historical writings. Indeed, there are texts written by famous historical scholars of Islam who seem to suggest that humans have evolved from lower forms of species. These include Ibn Khaldūn, Jalāl ad‐Dīn Rūmī, al‐Jāhiz, and The Brethren of Purity (Ikhwān al Safā). Although this may be true, such readings are a mistaken interpretation of the aforementioned authors who are actually referring to some form of the scalae naturae (the Great Chain of Being). This reference to the Great Chain of Being is unknown to some contemporary readers who mistakenly believe these writers to be discussing an evolutionary or a proto‐evolutionary theory. This article demonstrates how and why these historical records do not actually represent any notion of evolution as it is currently understood, in the hope of avoiding any further erroneous claims that seem to be proliferating among modern thinkers.
Railroad
Authors: Broadley P. R. , Meyer W. M. , Neuhart D. S. , Barlow E. L. , Bond R. C. , Williams D. S. D. , Cooke B. W. C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Progress during 1957 on the coal-burning gas-turbine power plant being perfected by the Locomotive Development Committee of Bituminous Coal Research, Inc., is reported. Operating experience with the Union Pacific Railroad’s 4500-hp General Electric gas-turbine-electric units, and the characteristics of the 8500-hp units on order from General Electric are given. The U. S. Army’s 30-ton unit, Electro-Motive Division’s free-piston engine, several British Railways developments, Soviet designs, Swiss, Czechoslovakian, Swedish, and French progress are reported.
Industrial and Central Station
Authors: Skrotzki B. G. A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Gas turbines have become established components of modern industry. Industrial and central-station units now total 3,614,000 hp installed, planned, or projected, and a wide variety of equipment is available. One generation of commercial industrial gas turbines—the Houdry process—has already become obsolete. Capacity limits of power-generating units are being increased to the 50-mw range, and combinations of gas turbines and steam turbines are offered for 150 mw. Pipeline transport of natural gas and crude oil uses the largest number of mechanical-drive gas turbines. Small gas turbines developed largely for military use have potential for use in industry and commerce.
Controlled Contact Cutting Tools
Authors: Chao B. T. , Trigger K. J. 
Published: May 2019

A substantial reduction in power consumption, an increase in tool life, more effective utilization of cutting fluids, and improved surface finish on the machined workpiece have been achieved by suitably controlling the length of tool-chip contact. Reasons for these findings are discussed in terms of basic variables in chip formation mechanics.
Artificially restricted contact tools open new avenues for metal cutting research. Machining data obtained with such tools provide further evidence of the invariant behavior of the dynamic shear stress of metals under high-speed cutting conditions, and unfold interesting information on the intricate nature of tool-chip contact.
The Influence of the Molecular Mean Free Path on the Performance of Hydrodynamic Gas Lubricated Bearings
Authors: Burgdorfer Albert 
Published: May 2019

A modified Reynolds equation is derived for gas-lubricated hydrodynamic bearings operating under “slip flow” conditions. Closed analytical solutions are given for a Rayleigh type step-bearing and an inclined plane slider bearing for the case of two-dimensional flow.
The influence of the molecular mean free path on the performance of bearings of arbitrary form is obtained by means of a small parameter, perturbation technique.
Large Water-Level Displacements in the Simple Surge Tank
Authors: Marris A. W. 
Published: May 2019

The nondimensional unapproximated form of the equation describing the motion of the water level in a simple nonthrottled open surge tank operating under the condition of constant hydraulic power to the turbine is shown to have two singular points. One of these is at the steady-flow hydraulic grade-line level and accounts for small displacement phenomena. The other is at a lower elevation and accounts for the occurrence of drainage due to insufficient power being available at the turbine.
An approximate condition for the occurrence of drainage of this type is given for the case of sudden acceptance of full load from a zero-flow condition. This result and the condition for the perpetuation of oscillations of constant amplitude are compared with experimental data obtained by the author from a hydraulic model.
Heat and Mass Transfer Processes and the Performance Evaluation in Single-Slope Solar Stills
Authors: Aderibigbe David A. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The paper reviews the present understanding of the analysis of the heat and mass transfer processes in single-slope solar stills. By using the results of published experiments, it is proposed that the heat and mass transfer phenomena from the basin water to the glass cover are coupled. This coupling makes it possible to derive the dependence of the heat transfer coefficient for condensation on the inclination of the glass cover of the still. The derived relation, i.e., Nucon = 0.738 (Grcon*Prcon*sin β/Ja*)¼ A−1 where A is the aspect ratio, has been demonstrated to be an important expression for predicting the heat transfer coefficient for condensation hcon necessary for a more realistic evaluation of the overall efficiency of single-slope solar still of a given cover angle β.
Application of Certification/Safety Experience Gained in Fuel Cell Public Transportation With Buses Towards Marine Applications of Fuel Cells
Authors: Bawa Daljit , DeVaal Jake 
Published: May 2019

Fuel cells with hydrogen fuel have now been demonstrated in public transportation for over 15 years worldwide. During this time Ballard-powered fuel cell buses have clocked more than 300,000 hours while accumulating over 5 million kilometers. These public transport buses have been certified and homologated in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. While certification agencies such as TUV, CHP, NHTSA, and other local governing bodies have been involved with the approval process for ensuring safety of personnel and equipment, the components themselves have met stringent requirements of NFPA, NGV, SAE, ASME, ANSI and other governing organizations.
This paper highlights the various standards and safety concepts used in the approval process of public transportation using fuel cell buses. Since marine ferries involve movement of personnel, it is recommended that many of the requirements used for public buses can be easily adapted for marine applications of fuel cells.
Paper published with permission.
Shore Power Supply (Cold Ironing) for Ships: Reducing Ship Engine Emissions
Authors: Gilman Thane 
Published: May 2019

Cold Iron: Receipt of shore power, along with other utilities such as potable water and steam, is part of the process of placing the engineering plant in a status known as “cold iron.” The term originates from the steamship era, when ship boilers and engines would go relatively cold after being secured. To bring a steam plant back online, supplying its own power after a “cold iron” period, would involve a substantial light-off, warm-up, and transition period compared to modern, fully automated plants.
Onshore power supply (OPS, sometimes referred to as “cold ironing”) is a system of procedures and equipment that provides ships with a source of electrical power as an alternative to the ship’s service electrical power system. The primary benefit is that, since the ship no longer has main or auxiliary engines operating, the engine emissions are virtually eliminated in the port area. Many ports around the world are located near large populations, and engine emissions from ships unfortunately contribute to unwanted levels of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, particulate matter, and even the “greenhouse gas” carbon dioxide. Onshore power supply achieves a better total emissions reduction result than ship-installed emissions equipment, because the engines are off-line. On the other hand, there are difficulties associated with high voltage, varying frequencies, safety and infrastructure costs that must be addressed in order to justify an onshore power supply installation.
Paper published with permission.
Development of ASME Section X Code for High Pressure Vessels
Authors: Newhouse Norman L. , Rawls George B. 
Published: May 2019

ASME has a project to meet industry needs for pressure vessel Code updates to address storage of high pressure hydrogen. This has resulted in updates to existing B&PV Code, new Code Cases, and new Code requirements. One of the tasks was to develop requirements for high pressure composite reinforced vessels with non-load sharing liners. Originally developed as a Code Case, the requirements have been approved as mandatory Appendix 8 of ASME Section X of the B&PV Code, to be published in July 2010. The allowed pressures of this new Code are from 0.7 MPa (3,000 psi) to 103.4 MPa (15,000 psi). Qualification testing addresses expected operating conditions. Inspection requirements are being developed in cooperation with NBIC. Pressure vessels are being developed that meet the new ASME requirements. Efforts will be made to include additional gases, including compressed natural gas, and additional operational requirements in future revisions.
Paper published with permission.
Composite Pressure Vessels for Marine and Land Based Applications
Authors: Newhouse Norman L. , Patel Harish N. 
Published: May 2019

Composite pressure vessels have been used for over 40 years in a variety of military, aerospace, marine, transportation, stationary, and vehicle applications. Codes, standards, and guidelines have been developed to address vessel performance in these high pressure applications by ASME and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS). A risk or hazard identification analysis may be conducted during qualification and approval process. Prototype and qualification testing in these standards validate the design and anticipated operating conditions. Knowledge has been gained from qualification testing, field experience, and inspection that supports selection of materials and design configurations for marine and land based applications. Periodic inspection of vessels mitigates risk, particularly in terms of detecting environmental and mechanically induced damage before failure can occur. This paper was written jointly between ABS and Lincoln Composites through the certification process of Lincoln’s Titan™ project. This paper will outline qualification of technology and, testing requirements, as well as discuss the basis for hazard mitigation and material selection in the marine environment.
Paper published with permission.
Review of the Applicability of Nuclear Regulatory Commission Information Notice (IN) 2012-14, “Motor Operated Valve Inoperable Because of Stem-Disc Separation,” to Constellation Energy Nuclear Group’s Ginna Station
Authors: Garofoli David , Joss Gregg 
Published: May 2019

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Information Notice (IN) 2012-14, “Motor-Operated Valve Inoperable Because of Stem-Disc Separation”, was issued to inform nuclear power-plant licensees of recent operating experience involving a motor-operated valve (MOV) that failed at the connection between the valve stem and disc. The NRC expectation was that recipients would review the information for applicability to their facilities and consider actions, as appropriate, to avoid similar problems. Additional regulatory suggestions and insights contained in the IN are not NRC requirements.
On closer examination of the events involved, it became apparent that the undetected stem-disc separation observed with the subject MOV was not necessarily limited to that type or style of valve. In fact, the vast majority of inservice testing (IST) valves, and the manner in which they are tested, could also be susceptible to loss of functionality going undetected. The intent of the compliance project performed at the R.E. Ginna Station nuclear power plant was to examine the current testing performed on each IST program valve and determine the level of confidence that stem-disc separation would be detected. If the level of confidence was deemed less than acceptable for a subject valve, one or more augmented actions, as deemed both practicable and viable, were recommended for implementation.
The purpose of this presentation paper is to describe the systematic methodology that was employed to validate the effectiveness of the current periodic IST valve testing conducted at the R.E. Ginna Station and the corrective-action recommendations that were made as deemed appropriate. The corrective action(s) were designed to preclude the occurrence of future stem-disc separation issues going undetected, which could result in the loss of valve and potentially the loss of the associated accident-mitigation system’s operational readiness condition.
Paper published with permission.