bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scrotal elephantiasis associated with follicular occlusion triad
Authors: Liu Jing-Chao , Liu Xi-Gao , Xu Chao , Zhao Hai-Feng , Jiang Xian-Zhou 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Follicular occlusion triad (FOT) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease and no more than 3 variants of the triad have been reported. We give a report in which scrotal elephantiasis is a variant of FOT and further perform a literature review.

Patient concerns:
A 41-year-old man came to us because of a large scrotal cyst and generalized skin lesions that had occurred over the past 10 years. The generalized skin lesions consisted of hidradenitis suppurativa on the perineum and back, acne conglobata in the armpit, and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp. He took antibiotics for a long time but achieved poor effect. Furthermore, he told his father and elder brother also manifested such skin lesions.

Diagnoses:
Magnetic resonance showed a mass in the left scrotum with clear boundaries. A routine blood test showed a high leukocyte level of 12 × 109/L and a hemoglobin content of 78 g/L. C-reactive-protein increased. Series of autoimmune antibody tests were negative. The postoperative pathologic findings showed that the mass was an epidermoid cyst, and hematoxylin and eosin staining showed hyperkeratosis of the skin as well as inflammatory and edematous changes. A diagnosis of a variant of FOT was made.

Interventions:
We removed skin abscesses and lesioned the inner part with hydrogen peroxide. Then we performed an excision of the scrotal lesion.

Outcome:
The patient recovered well and had no evidence of recurrence at a 16-month follow-up.

Lessons:
We reported a case in which scrotal elephantiasis was a variant of FOT and surgical intervention played an important role in secondary urologic diseases.
Echinococcosis in left ventricle: a case report
Authors: Su Li , Yu Jianqun , Dai Chengzhong , Liu Yin , Peng Liqing 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction:
Echinococcosis, also called hydatid disease, is a common parasitic infection of the liver. However, echinococcus lesions rarely involve the heart, especially in children.

Patient concerns:
An 8-year-old child from grazing areas of northwest China was referred to our hospital for the complaint of inpersistent precordial chest pain and left upper quadrant pain for 3 years. Palpation showed hepatomegaly, abdominal palpable mass while inspection abdominal distension. Routine blood tests were within the normal ranges.

Diagnosis:
Combining the life history in pasture area, imaging features and serology results, it was consistent with the diagnosis of cardiac echinococcosis.

Interventions:
Surgery was performed to evacuate cyst liquid and remove the internal capsule of the cyst.

Outcomes:
There was no cystic lesion in heart on ultrasound and her physical condition improved significantly after the surgery. The patient died of hepatic hydatid cyst rupture due to refusing high-risk surgical treatment and other treatment.

Lessons:
We presented a rare case of cystic echinococcosis involving left ventricle in a child, and surgery is an alternative and effective therapy for this lesion due to the cyst rupture or leakage that can result in anaphylaxis. The typical imaging features of the cardiac echinococcosis on cardiac magnetic resonance are presented. Patient prognosis relies on proper treatment of all lesions.
Severity stratification and prognostic prediction of patients with acute pancreatitis at early phase
Authors: Zhou Haijiang , Mei Xue , He Xinhua , Lan Tianfei , Guo Shubin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Severity stratification and prognostic prediction at early stage is crucial for reducing the rates of mortality of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). We aim to investigate the predicting performance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red-cell distribution width (RDW) combined with severity scores (sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA], bed-side index for severity of AP [BISAP], Ranson criteria, and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II [APACHE II]) for severe AP (SAP) and mortality.
A total of 406 patients diagnosed with AP admitted in a tertiary teaching hospital were enrolled. Demographic information and clinical parameters were retrospectively collected and analyzed. NLR, PLR, RDW, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and AP severity scores (SOFA, BISAP, Ranson, and APACHE II) were compared between different severity groups and the survival and death group. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves for SAP and 28-day mortality were calculated for each predictor using cut-off values. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis and logistic regression models were performed to compare the performance of laboratory biomarkers and severity scores.
Our results showed that NLR, PLR, RDW, glucose, and BUN level of the SAP group were significantly increased compared to the mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) group on admission (P < .001). The severity of AP increased as the NLR, SOFA, BISAP, and Ranson increased (P < .01). The AUC values of NLR, PLR, RDW, BUN, SOFA, BISAP, Ranson, and APACHE II to predict SAP were 0.722, 0.621, 0.787, 0.677, 0.806, 0.841, 0.806, and 0.752, respectively, while their AUC values to predict 28-day mortality were 0.851, 0.693, 0.885, 0.765, 0.968, 0.929, 0.812, and 0.867, respectively. BISAP achieved the highest AUC, sensitivity and NPV in predicting SAP, while SOFA is the most superior in predicting mortality. The combination of BISAP + RDW achieved the highest AUC (0.872) in predicting SAP and the combination of SOFA + RDW achieved the highest AUC (0.976) in predicting mortality. RDW (OR = 1.739), SOFA (OR = 1.554), BISAP (OR = 2.145), and Ranson (OR = 1.434) were all independent risk factors for predicting SAP, while RDW (OR = 7.361) and hematocrit (OR = 0.329) were independent risk factors for predicting mortality by logistic regression model.
NLR, PLR, RDW, and BUN indicated good predictive value for SAP and mortality, while RDW had the highest discriminatory capacity. RDW is a convenient and reliable indicator for prediction not only SAP, but also mortality.
Platelet-rich plasma injection for the treatment of chronic Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Liu Chun-jie , Yu Kun-lun , Bai Jiang-bo , Tian De-hu , Liu Guo-li 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used as an alternative therapy to reduce pain and improve functional restoration in patients with Achilles tendinopathy (AT). We evaluated the current evidence for the efficacy of PRP as a treatment for chronic AT.

Methods:
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy of PRP with that of with placebo injections plus eccentric training as treatment for AT. The articles were uploaded over the establishment of the databases to May 01, 2018. The Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool was used to assess methodological quality. Outcome measurements included the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A), visual analog scale (VAS) and Achilles tendon thickness. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3.5 software.

Results:
Five RCTs (n = 189) were included in this meta-analysis. Significant differences in the VISA-A were not observed between the PRP and placebo groups after 12 weeks [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.2, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.36 to 0.76, I
2 = 71%], 24 weeks (SMD = 0.77, 95% CI: −0.10–1.65, I
2 = 85%) and 1 year (SMD = 0.83, 95% CI: −0.76–2.42, I
2 = 72%) of treatment. However, PRP exhibited better efficacy than the placebo treatment after 6 weeks (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.15–0.77, I
2 = 34%). Two studies included VAS scores and tendon thickness. VAS scores after 6 weeks (SMD = 1.35, 95% CI: −0.1.04–3.74, I
2 = 93%) and 24 weeks (SMD = 1.48, 95% CI: −0.1.59–4.55, I
2 = 95%) were not significantly different. However, VAS scores at the 12th week (SMD = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.53–1.68, I
2 = 83%) and tendon thickness (SMD = 1.51, 95% CI: 0.39–2.63, I
2 = 53%) were significantly different.

Conclusion:
PRP injection around the Achilles tendon is an option for the treatment of chronic AT. Limited evidence supports the conclusion that PRP is not superior to placebo treatment. These results still require verification by a large number of well designed, heterogeneous RCT studies.
The effectiveness and safety of pertussis booster vaccination for adolescents and adults
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Liu Shudan , Liu Qin , Rong Rong , Tang Wenge , Wang Qing , Kuang Shanshan , Zhou Chunbei 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Due to the resurgence of pertussis, many countries have revised the pertussis immunization schedules and recommended booster doses of pertussis component vaccine for adolescents and adults. Here we aim to investigate the effectiveness and safety of pertussis component vaccines in adolescents and adults.

Methods:
Based on a prospectively registered protocol, we reviewed the literature and selected trials in adolescents and adults using pertussis component vaccine. We followed Cochrane and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) guidance to assess risk of bias, quality of evidence and to perform meta-analyses.

Results:
A total of 17 clinical trials were included. At post-vaccination with pertussis component vaccine, the vaccine protective rate of pertussis reached 88.89%, the vaccine response rate of pertussis antibodies in most trials were above 85%, and the antibody titers at post-vaccination were higher than at pre-vaccination. Reduced-antigen-content diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine was associated with significantly higher incidences of nausea [RR = 1.26, 95%CI:1.01, 1.57] and vomiting [RR = 2.08, 95%CI:1.21, 3.58] in acellular pertussis vaccines combined with tetanus and diphtheria (Tdap) group than diphtheria tetanus-toxoid vaccines (Td) group. Higher dose of diphtheria toxoid and adjuvant in dTap might cause higher incidence of fever.

Conclusions:
Except for significant difference in gastrointestinal reaction (nausea, vomiting), acellular pertussis component vaccines are quite safe and has short-term effectiveness for the adolescents and adults. The adverse event of acellular pertussis component vaccine is similar to or safer than that of placebo or other vaccines without pertussis component.
Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping on maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Yu Liping , Sun Yue , Shang Yi , Yin Min 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Umbilical cord clamping is one of the most commonly used medical or complementary medical interventions. The different timing of cord clamping may have any significant impact on public health. However, the results remain controversial. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effect of different timing of umbilical cord clamping on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods:
A systematic literature search for relevant articles will be conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from their inception to December 2018. Any randomized controlled trial (RCT), case-control study, observational study, that reported the effect of different timing of cord clamping will be included regardless of sample size. There are no language restrictions. Mortality and risk of iron-deficiency anemia will be used to assess the clinical effect. Risk of bias assessment of the included RCTs will be conducted by the Cochrane risk of bias tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale is used to assess observational studies. All statistical analyses will be performed using Stata V.15.0. A modified version of Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation will be used to assess the quality of evidence in network meta-analysis (NMA).

Results:
The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Conclusion:
This will be the first NMA to evaluate and compare the effect of different timing of umbilical cord clamping. We hope that the results of this NMA will help clinicians and caregivers make more appropriate choices when clamping umbilical cord.
Schizoaffective disorder comorbid with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by frontotemporal atrophy and impaired cognition
Authors: Bai Yuanhan , Yin Mengdong , Zeng Zhiqiang , Liang Jie , Yang Haichen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Brain atrophy coupled with impaired cognition may be a sign of dementia. However, growing evidence indicates that schizoaffective disorder (SAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) play roles in the processes of frontotemporal atrophy and cognitive decline. Few cases of frontotemporal atrophy and impaired cognition have been reported in young adult patients with SAD and T2DM.

Patient concerns:
A 34-year-old man was admitted for his 19th rehospitalization due to auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), delusions of persecution, mania, and fluctuating blood sugar levels. After admission, a brain computed tomography (CT) scan revealed that the patient's frontotemporal atrophy, which was first found in 2014, had gradually degenerated over time. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) revealed cognitive impairments. Based on the clinical assessment, his cognition and social function impairments were determined to mainly result from SAD and T2DM because the clinical characteristics and course of the disease did not coincide with the features of progressive aggravation of dementia.

Diagnoses:
Diagnoses include the following: SAD-mania and T2DM.

Interventions:
Paliperidone and sodium valproate coupled with quetiapine add-on treatment were prescribed for the patient.

Outcomes:
The therapeutic strategy had a limited effect on the patient.

Lessons:
Early onset of SAD and T2DM, as well as irregular treatment, resulting in brain atrophy coupled with cognitive impairments, may be the main causes of the patient's treatment resistance and poor outcome. The risks and benefits of treatment strategies should be individually assessed. Further neuroimaging, pertinent biomarkers, and genetic tests along with long-term follow-up are needed for precise evaluation of the patient's condition.
Damage control orthopedics applied in an 8-year-old child with life-threatening multiple injuries
Authors: Pfeifle Viktoria Amanda , Schreiner Simone , Trachsel Daniel , Holland-Cunz Stefan Gerhard , Mayr Johannes 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Damage control is a staged surgical approach to manage polytraumatized patients. The damage control approach comprises three steps. First, bleeding is controlled and fractures are stabilized temporarily; second, vital parameters are stabilized and the child is rewarmed in the intensive care unit; and third, the child is reoperated for definitive repair of injuries. We aimed to describe the feasibility of the damage control orthopedic approach in a child.

Patient concerns:
An 8-year-old girl fell from the balcony of the 5th floor onto concrete pavement and was admitted to our accident and emergency ward in a stable cardiorespiratory state, but with gross deformity of the lower limbs, left thigh, and forearm.

Diagnoses:
The child had sustained multiple injuries with severe bilateral lung contusion, pneumothorax, fracture of first rib, liver laceration, stable spine fractures, transforaminal fracture of sacrum, pelvic ring fracture, displaced baso-cervical femoral neck fracture, displaced bilateral multifragmental growth plate fractures of both tibiae, fractures of both fibulae, displaced fracture of left forearm, and displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus.

Intervention:
In the initial operation, we performed closed reduction and K-wire fixation of the right tibia, closed reduction and external fixation of the left tibia, open reduction and screw osteosynthesis of the femoral neck fracture, closed reduction and K-wire fixation of the radius, and closed reduction of the supracondylar fracture. Subsequently, we transferred the girl to the pediatric intensive care unit for hemodynamic stabilization, respiratory therapy, rewarming, and treatment of crush syndrome. In a third step, 10 days after the injury, we managed the supracondylar fracture of the humerus by closed reduction and K-wire fixation.

Outcomes:
Growth arrest of the left distal tibial growth plate and osteonecrosis of the femoral head and neck, slipped capital femoris epiphysis (SCFE), and coxa vara of the right femur led to balanced leg length inequality 2 years after the injury. The lesion of the left sciatic nerve improved over time and the girl walked without walking aids and took part in school sports but avoided jumping exercises.

Lessons:
We emphasize the importance of damage control principles when managing polytraumatized children.
Efficacy of sertraline for post-stroke depression
Authors: Bai Zheng-fa , Wang Liu-yi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Depression is a prevalent disorder for patients with stroke. Clinical researches indicate that sertraline is utilized to treat post-stroke depression (PSD) effectively. However, no systematic review has investigated this issue yet presently. Thus, this study aims to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of sertraline for patients with PSD.

Methods:
Literature sources will be divided into 2 sections: electronic sources and manual sources. We will search electronic literature sources as follows: EMBASE, MEDICINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from their inceptions to the February 28, 2019. Manual sources include dissertations, ongoing trials, and conference abstracts. Two reviewers will select the literatures, extract and collect data information, and evaluate the risk of bias independently. Statistical analysis will be carried out by using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results:
Primary outcome is depression. It can be measured by Hamilton depression scale, Beck Depression Inventory, or any other scales. Secondary outcome are anxiety (as assessed by Hamilton anxiety scale, or other tools) response rate, activities of daily living (as measured by Barthel Index, or other scales), quality of life (as measured by 36-Item Short Form Health Survey), and safety.

Conclusions:
The results of this systematic review may summarize the up-to-date evidence on the efficacy and safety of sertraline for patients with PSD.

Ethics and dissemination:
This systematic review will not need any ethical approval, because it will not analyze any individual patient data. The findings of this study are expected to disseminate at peer-reviewed journals.
Efficacy of furosemide for treatment of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Zhu Zheng-Ri , Liu Wan-Lu , Ding Zhao-Min , Li Yue 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background:
Previous clinical studies have reported that furosemide can be used to treat liver cirrhosis (LC) effectively. However, no study systematically explored this issue. This systematic review aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of furosemide for treatment of LC.

Methods:
This study will be conducted through searching the following literature sources from their inception to February 28, 2019 without any language limitations: PUBMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGrey, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. In addition, reference lists of relevant reviews and websites of clinical trial registry will also be searched. Only randomized controlled trials of furosemide for treatment of LC will be included in this study. Two reviewers will independently select studies, collect data, and determine risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software will be used to pool the data and to conduct meta-analysis if sufficient studies will be included with acceptable heterogeneity.

Results:
This study will investigate the efficacy and safety of furosemide for LC by the assessment of primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcome includes mortality rate. The secondary outcomes consist of response rate, overall survival, body weight, urinary volume, quality of life, as measured by any relevant scales, and adverse events.

Conclusion:
The results of this study may provide summarized evidence of furosemide for the treatment of LC.

Ethics and dissemination:
No individual patient data will be used in this study, thus no ethics approval is needed. The findings of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Depression involved in self-reported prospective memory problems in survivors of breast cancer who have received chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Zhonglian , Zhao Jingjing , Ding Ke , Lv Yue , Zhang Congjun , Chao Herta H. , Li Chiang-Shan , Cheng Huaidong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To investigate the relationship between depression and the self-reported prospective memory (SPM) problems in breast cancer survivors who have received chemotherapy.
Sixty-three breast cancer patients were administered with self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the prospective memory questionnaire as part of extensive neuropsychological assessments before and after chemotherapy. The performance of SDS and SPM were compared, with the level of significance set at P < .05.
Compared with the group before chemotherapy, there is a significant difference on the SPM score (t = 6.069, P = .000) in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy. Further, there is also a significant difference on the SPM score (t = −4.348, P = .000) between the patients with and without depression group after chemotherapy.
The present result indicated that the depression in breast cancer survivors after chemotherapy may be involved in their chemotherapy-induced SPM impairment.
Endovascular treatment of a ruptured thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm secondary to Pott disease during a spine surgery
Authors: Li Weichao , Sun Xianrun , Li Hongrong , Meng Zengdong , Yang Yong , Yao Shaoping 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
The coexistence of a tuberculous aortic pseudoaneurysm and Pott disease in patients with a history of tuberculosis (TB) is relatively rare, and the treatment strategies remain still controversial.

Patient concerns:
A 57-year-old female patient with a history of primary pulmonary TB presented with symptoms of breathlessness, chest pain, weight loss, and fever. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) showed a thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm secondary to Pott disease at T11/12 level.

Diagnoses:
Tuberculous pseudoaneurysm at the descending thoracic aorta associated with tuberculous vertebral osteomyelitis.

Interventions:
We originally planned a combined surgery consisting of posterior spine stabilization, anterior excision of the infected field, and aortic reconstruction. When we surgically stabilized the posterior spine, unexpectedly, the pseudoaneurysm ruptured. Immediately, we terminated the surgery and appropriately placed an endovascular stent graft, which successfully rescued the patient.

Outcomes:
When the patient's conditions were stable, we anteriorly debrided all infected tissues and then performed a spinal fusion by grafting autologous iliac bone. After the debridement and spinal fusion, we arranged a 1-year anti-tuberculous chemotherapy for this patient and performed a 24-month follow-up. This patient had no signs of recurrent infection during the follow-up.

Lessons:
For the patients with tuberculous aortic aneurysm(s) complicated with vertebral osteomyelitis, the endovascular repair of an aneurysm(s) should be considered a conventional therapy before the spine surgery, lowering the risk of aortic aneurysm rupture. Meanwhile, minimally invasive endovascular stent graft combined with anti-tuberculosis drugs may be considered one of the therapeutic regimens for the patients whose conditions are not suitable for open surgery, such as age, weakness, or severe organ failure.