bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-130a and miR-145 reprogram Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid cells and inhibit tumor metastasis through improved host immunity
Authors: Ishii Hiroki , Vodnala Suman K. , Achyut Bhagelu R. , So Jae Young , Hollander M. Christine , Greten Tim F. , Lal Ashish , Yang Li 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTumor-derived soluble factors promote the production of Gr-1+CD11b+ immature myeloid cells, and TGFβ signaling is critical in their immune suppressive function. Here, we report that miR-130a and miR-145 directly target TGFβ receptor II (TβRII) and are down-regulated in these myeloid cells, leading to increased TβRII. Ectopic expression of miR-130a and miR-145 in the myeloid cells decreased tumor metastasis. This is mediated through a downregulation of type 2 cytokines in myeloid cells and an increase in IFNγ-producing cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes. miR-130a- and miR-145-targeted molecular networks including TGFβ and IGF1R pathways were correlated with higher tumor stages in cancer patients. Lastly, miR-130a and miR-145 mimics, as well as IGF1R inhibitor NT157 improved anti-tumor immunity and inhibited metastasis in preclinical mouse models. These results demonstrated that miR-130a and miR-145 can reprogram tumor-associated myeloid cells by altering the cytokine milieu and metastatic microenvironment, thus enhancing host antitumor immunity.
Identifying a common backbone of interactions underlying food webs from different ecosystems
Authors: Bramon Mora Bernat , Gravel Dominique , Gilarranz Luis J. , Poisot Timothée , Stouffer Daniel B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough the structure of empirical food webs can differ between ecosystems, there is growing evidence of multiple ways in which they also exhibit common topological properties. To reconcile these contrasting observations, we postulate the existence of a backbone of interactions underlying all ecological networks—a common substructure within every network comprised of species playing similar ecological roles—and a periphery of species whose idiosyncrasies help explain the differences between networks. To test this conjecture, we introduce a new approach to investigate the structural similarity of 411 food webs from multiple environments and biomes. We first find significant differences in the way species in different ecosystems interact with each other. Despite these differences, we then show that there is compelling evidence of a common backbone of interactions underpinning all food webs. We expect that identifying a backbone of interactions will shed light on the rules driving assembly of different ecological communities.
Stepwise Reduction of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Its Effects on Chemical and Colloidal Properties
Authors: Azizighannad Samar , Mitra Somenath 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGraphene Oxides (GO) typically contains different oxygen containing groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl and epoxy, and reduced GO (r-GO) represents a family of material with diverse chemical properties. In an effort to understand how properties of r-GO change as GO is reduced, a stepwise reduction of the same GO to r-GO containing different levels of oxygen was carried out, and their corresponding chemical and colloidal properties are reported. Starting with GO containing 49 percent oxygen, r-GOs containing 31, 19 and 9 percent oxygen were synthesized. The aqueous behavior in terms of solubility gradually decreased from 7.4 µg/ml for GO to nearly zero for r-GO with 9% oxygen, while dispersibility under sonication decreased from 8 to 2.5 µg/ml for the same samples. Hydrophobicity index as measured as the octanol water partition coefficient decreased from −3.89 to 5.2% as oxygen content dropped from 49 to 9%. Colloidal behavior was also dramatically affected by reduction, and critical coagulation concentration (CCC) dropped from 28 to 15 in presence of 0.5 mmole/l NaCl and from 6 to 2 in presence of 0.5 mmole/l MgCl2 as the oxygen in the original GO was reduced to 9%.
CTLA-4 +49 G/A, a functional T1D risk SNP, affects CTLA-4 level in Treg subsets and IA-2A positivity, but not beta-cell function
Authors: Chen Yang , Chen Shu , Gu Yong , Feng Yingjie , Shi Yun , Fu Qi , Wang Zhixiao , Cai Yun , Dai Hao , Zheng Shuai , Sun Min , Zhang Mei , Xu Xinyu , Chen Heng , Xu Kuanfeng , Yang Tao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo investigate whether CTLA-4 +49 G/A (rs231775), a tagSNP in Asian, is a functional T1D SNP, we genotyped this SNP with 1035 T1D patients and 2575 controls in Chinese Han population. And 1280 controls measured insulin release and sensitivity based on an oral glucose tolerance test; 283 newly diagnosed T1D patients assayed C-peptide level based on a mixed-meal tolerance test. 31 controls were analyzed for different T cell subsets by multi-color flow cytometry. Under additive model, we found that CTLA-4 +49 G/A was significantly associated with T1D (P = 2.82E-04, OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12–1.41), which was further confirmed by meta-analysis (P = 1.19E-08, OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.38–1.96) in Chinese Han population. Although we did not find any association between this SNP and beta-cell function in either healthy individuals or newly diagnosed T1D patients, healthy individuals carrying GG/GA genotypes had lower CTLA-4 expression in naïve or activated CD4 Treg subsets (P = 0.0046 and 0.0317 respectively). A higher positive rate of IA-2A was observed among T1D patients with GG genotype compared with AA (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.30–0.84, p = 0.008). Collectively, CTLA-4 +49 G/A reached a GWAS significant association with T1D risk in Chinese Han population, affects CTLA-4 expression in Treg subsets and subsequently humoral immunity in T1D patients.
One possible mechanism for eddy distribution in zonal current with meridional shear
Authors: Shi YunLong , Yang DeZhou , Feng XingRu , Qi JiFeng , Yang HongWei , Yin BaoShu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOceanic mesoscale eddies are common, especially in areas where zonal currents with meridional shear exists. The nonlinear effects complicate the analysis of mesoscale eddy dynamics. This study proposes a solitary (eddy) solution based on an asymptotic expansion of the nonlinear potential vorticity equation with a constant meridional shear of zonal current. This solution reveals several important consequences. For example, cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddies can be generated by the negative (positive) shear of the zonal current. Furthermore, the meridional structure of an eddy is asymmetrical, and the center of a cyclonic (anticyclonic) eddy tilts poleward (equatorward). Eddy width is inversely proportional to shear intensity. Eddy phase speed is proportional to shear intensity and the wave amplitude, and their spatial distribution show band-like pattern as they propagate westward. This nonlinear solitary solution is an extension of classical linear Rossby theory. Moreover, these findings could be applied to other areas with similar zonal current shear.
Association of Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 with the Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Result from the APAC Study
Authors: Liu Zhongni , Li Hong , Zheng Yinghong , Gao Ziyu , Cong Lin , Yang Liming , Zhou Yong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a worldwide chronic liver disease. Few studies have investigated the association between NAFLD and Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), a unique enzyme correlated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between Lp-PLA2 and NAFLD in a Chinese community-based cohort. A total of 1587 adults aged ≥40 years were enrolled in the current study. Participants underwent a standardized evaluation. The serum Lp-PLA2 concentration was measured by ELISA and NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between Lp-PLA2 and NAFLD. Increased Lp-PLA2 levels were significantly associated with decreased NAFLD prevalence after adjusting for other potential confounders. The adjusted ORs of NAFLD in Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared with Q1 were 0.88 (0.64–1.21), 0.71 (0.51–0.98) and 0.67 (0.48–0.95), respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the adjusted ORs of moderate and heavy NAFLD in Q2, Q3 and Q4 compared to Q1 were 0.64 (0.41–1.01), 0.48 (0.29–0.80) and 0.47 (0.28–0.79), respectively (P < 0.01). In conclusions, increased Lp-PLA2 levels were independently associated with decreased NAFLD prevalence.
Comparative proteomic analysis revealed complex responses to classical/novel duck reovirus infections in Cairna moschata
Authors: Yun Tao , Hua Jionggang , Ye Weicheng , Yu Bin , Chen Liu , Ni Zheng , Zhang Cun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDuck reovirus (DRV) is an typical aquatic bird pathogen belonging to the Orthoreovirus genus of the Reoviridae family. Reovirus causes huge economic losses to the duck industry. Although DRV has been identified and isolated long ago, the responses of Cairna moschata to classical/novel duck reovirus (CDRV/NDRV) infections are largely unknown. To investigate the relationship of pathogenesis and immune response, proteomes of C. moschata liver cells under the C/NDRV infections were analyzed, respectively. In total, 5571 proteins were identified, among which 5015 proteins were quantified. The differential expressed proteins (DEPs) between the control and infected liver cells displayed diverse biological functions and subcellular localizations. Among the DEPs, most of the metabolism-related proteins were down-regulated, suggesting a decrease in the basal metabolisms under C/NDRV infections. Several important factors in the complement, coagulation and fibrinolytic systems were significantly up-regulated by the C/NDRV infections, indicating that the serine protease-mediated innate immune system might play roles in the responses to the C/NDRV infections. Moreover, a number of molecular chaperones were identified, and no significantly changes in their abundances were observed in the liver cells. Our data may give a comprehensive resource for investigating the regulation mechanism involved in the responses of C. moschata to the C/NDRV infections.
Stimulating fermentation by the prolonged acceleration of gut transit protects against decompression sickness
Authors: de Maistre Sébastien , Vallée Nicolas , Gaillard Sandrine , Duchamp Claude , Blatteau Jean-Eric 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMassive bubble formation after diving can lead to decompression sickness (DCS). Gut fermentation at the time of a dive exacerbates DCS due to endogenous hydrogen production. We sought to investigate whether medium-term stimulation of fermentation as a result of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced acceleration of bowel transit before diving exacerbates DCS in rats. Seven days before an experimental dry dive, 60 rats were randomly divided in two groups: an experimental group treated with PEG (n = 30) and an untreated control group (n = 30). Exhaled hydrogen was measured before the dive. Following hyperbaric exposure, we assessed for signs of DCS. After anaesthetisation, arterial blood was drawn to assay inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative stress. PEG led to a significant increase in exhaled H2 (35 ppm [10–73] compared with control 7 ppm [2–15]; p = 0.001). The probability of death was reduced in PEG-treated rats (PEG: 17% [95% CI 4–41] vs control: 50% [95% CI 26–74]; p = 0.034). In addition, inflammatory markers were reduced, and the antioxidant activity of glutathione peroxidase was significantly increased (529.2 U.l−1 [485.4–569.0] versus 366.4 U.l−1 [317.6–414.8]; p = 0.004). Thus, gut fermentation might have a positive effect on DCS. The antioxidant and neuroprotective properties of the fermentation by-products H2 and butyrate may explain these results.
Evidence for facultative protocarnivory in Capsella bursa-pastoris seeds
Authors: Roberts Hattie R. , Warren John M. , Provan Jim 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMany plants derive nutrients by attracting, ensnaring and killing invertebrates, a process that is described as “protocarnivory”. This has been observed in seeds of the weedCapsella bursa-pastoris, but it is unclear as to whether it confers any material benefit in terms of germination, establishment and development. In the present study, seeds were germinated in zero, low, medium and high nutrient soils in both the presence and absence of nematodes (Steinernema feltiae). Nematodes were attracted to the seeds, with many dying within three days. Germination rates and seedling fresh masses were higher at all nutrient levels, and seedling fresh lengths were higher in all but the zero nutrient treatment, in the presence of nematodes. After transplantation, young plant fresh root lengths and dried leaf and root masses were generally higher in plants that had been germinated in the presence of nematodes across all nutrient levels, with the majority of significant differences being observed in the low-nutrient treatment. Our findings suggest that protocarnivory may play a role in the germination, establishment and early development ofC.bursa-pastoris, and that this process may be facultative, since differences between nematode and non-nematode treatments were generally more pronounced in soils with low nutrient levels.
Absolute strong-field ionization probabilities of ultracold rubidium atoms
Authors: Wessels Philipp , Ruff Bernhard , Kroker Tobias , Kazansky Andrey K. , Kabachnik Nikolay M. , Sengstock Klaus , Drescher Markus , Simonet Juliette 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUnderstanding strong-field ionization requires a quantitative comparison between experimental data and theoretical models which is notoriously difficult to achieve. Optically trapped ultracold atoms allow to extract absolute nonlinear ionization probabilities by imaging the atomic density after exposure to the field of an ultrashort laser pulse. We report on such precise measurements for rubidium in the intensity range of 1 × 1011 – 4 × 1013 W cm−2. The experimental data are in perfect agreement with ab-initio theory, based on solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation without any free parameters. We investigate the strong-field response of 87Rb atoms at two different wavelengths representing non-resonant and resonant processes in the demanding regime where the Keldysh parameter is close to unity.
Element history of the Laplace resonance: a dynamical approach
Authors: Paita F. , Celletti A. , Pucacco G. 
Published: June 2018

Context. We consider the three-body mean motion resonance defined by the Jovian moons Io, Europa, and Ganymede, which is commonly known as the Laplace resonance. In terms of the moons’ mean longitudes λ1 (Io), λ2 (Europa), and λ3 (Ganymede), this resonance is described by the librating argument φL ≡ λ1 − 3λ2 + 2λ3 ≈ 180°, which is the sum of φ12 ≡ λ1 − 2λ2 + ϖ2 ≈ 180° and φ23 ≡ λ2 − 2λ3 + ϖ2 ≈ 0°, where ϖ2 denotes Europa’s longitude of perijove.
Aims. In particular, we construct approximate models for the evolution of the librating argument φL over the period of 100 yr, focusing on its principal amplitude and frequency, and on the observed mean motion combinations n1 − 2n2 and n2 − 2n3 associated with the quasi-resonant interactions above.
Methods. First, we numerically propagated the Cartesian equations of motion of the Jovian system for the period under examination, and by comparing the results with a suitable set of ephemerides, we derived the main dynamical effects on the target quantities. Using these effects, we built an alternative Hamiltonian formulation and used the normal forms theory to precisely locate the resonance and to semi-analytically compute its main amplitude and frequency.
Results. From the Cartesian model we observe that on the timescale considered and with ephemerides as initial conditions, both φL and the diagnostics n1 − 2n2 and n2 − 2n3 are well approximated by considering the mutual gravitational interactions of Jupiter and the Galilean moons (including Callisto), and the effect of Jupiter’s J2 harmonic. Under the same initial conditions, the Hamiltonian formulation in which Callisto and J2 are reduced to their secular contributions achieves larger errors for the quantities above, particularly for φL. By introducing appropriate resonant variables, we show that these errors can be reduced by moving in a certain action-angle phase plane, which in turn implies the necessity of a tradeoff in the selection of the initial conditions.
Conclusions. In addition to being a good starting point for a deeper understanding of the Laplace resonance, the models and methods described are easily generalizable to different types of multi-body mean motion resonances. Thus, they are also prime tools for studying the dynamics of extrasolar systems.
Was hat der Darm mit Übergewicht und Diabetes zu tun?
Authors: Walle Hardy 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungEine gestörte Mikrobiota kann – neben Fehlernährung und Bewegungsmangel – zur Entstehung von Übergewicht und dessen Folgeerkrankungen beitragen. Ballaststoffe wie Betaglucan stabilisieren die Mikrobiota, unterstützen über die erhöhte Sättigung eine Gewichtsabnahme und vermindern hungerauslösende Blutzuckerschwankungen. Für den Menschen unverdauliche Ballaststoffe werden von Darmbakterien zu kurzkettigen Fettsäuren abgebaut, die u. a. die intestinale Darmbarriere verbessern. Ist die Schutzfunktion der Darmschleimhaut gestört, fördert dies die Entwicklung von Adipositas, nichtalkoholischer Fettleber und Typ-2-Diabetes. Die kurzkettigen Fettsäuren beeinflussen zudem Cholesterinspiegel und Blutglukosestoffwechsel positiv.
Familiäre Arrhythmieerkrankungen mit strukturell normalen Herzen
Authors: Brado Johannes , Odening Katja 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungAngeborene kardiale Ionenkanalerkrankungen/familiäre Arrhythmieerkrankungen sind häufige Ursachen für arrhythmogene Synkopen und den plötzlichen Herztod bei jungen Erwachsenen. Sie sind mittlerweile bei rechtzeitiger Diagnose und adäquater antiarrhythmischer Therapie gut beherrschbar. Der (verbesserten) Risikostratifizierung kommt in der Behandlung eine entscheidende Rolle zu. Da sich das arrhythmogene Risiko mit der Zeit ändern kann, sind regelmäßige Verlaufskontrollen indiziert. Die genetischen und pathophysiologischen Grundlagen werden zunehmend besser verstanden und so gezieltere (mechanismusbasierte) Therapien möglich.
Stellenwert der Tubendilatation bei Mittelohradhäsivprozess
Authors: Huhnd Laura Esther , Wirtz Stefan P. , Schrom Thomas 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine gestörte Tubenfunktion stellt einen häufigen Befund bei Patienten dar und kann verschiedene Mittelohrerkrankungen begünstigen. Mit
Einführung der Ballondilatation wurde ein Verfahren zur Therapie der chronischen Tubenfunktionsstörung etabliert. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der
Stellenwert der Methode unter der speziellen Fragestellung des Erfolgs bei Mittelohradhäsivprozessen untersucht.
Material und Methoden In einer retrospektiven Studie im Zeitraum 2011 bis 2016 wurden die Daten von 81 Patienten, die aufgrund einer chronischen
Tubenventilationsstörung einer Tubendilatation unterzogen wurden hinsichtlich des präoperativen Vorliegens eines Adhäsivprozesses, ausgewertet. Der Erfolg der
Tubendilatation wurde anhand der postoperativen Fähigkeit zur Durchführung des SVT-Tests sowie der Selbsteinschätzung der Patienten beurteilt. Bei einem
mittleren Nachuntersuchungszeitraum von vier Monaten konnten bei insgesamt 13 Patienten mit Adhäsivprozess Daten zur prä- und postoperativen Tubenfunktion
einbezogen werden.
Ergebnisse Das Verfahren verlief in allen Fällen komplikationslos. Patienten mit einer Tubenventilationsstörung zeigten in 46 % postoperativ ein besseres
Ergebnis, während es bei 31 % der Patienten mit Adhäsivprozess zu einer Besserung der Mittelohrbelüftung kam. Subjektiv gaben 54 % der Patienten eine Besserung
ihrer Beschwerden an.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz einer subjektiven Besserung der angegebenen Beschwerden in 54 % der Fälle, kam es in unserer Studie nur bei 31 % der Patienten mit
einem Adhäsivprozess zu einem objektiv messbaren Erfolg. Zur Klärung der Frage, in wieweit die Kombination mit anderen mittelohrchirurgischen Eingriffen
günstigere Therapierfolge hat, sind zukünftige Studien mit größeren Patientenkollektiven erforderlich.
Four New 2-(2-Phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one Derivatives from the Resinous Wood of Aquilaria sinensis and Their Inhibitory Activities on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Wang Sin-Ling , Liao Hsiang-Ruei , Cheng Ming-Jen , Shu Chih-Wen , Chen Chun-Lin , Chung Mei-Ing , Chen Jih-Jung 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFour new 2-(2-phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one derivatives, 6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-[2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (1), 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (2), 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-[2-(3′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-chromone (3), and 7-chloro-8-hydroxy-2-[2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (4), have been isolated from the resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis, together with 16 known compounds (5–20). Among these, 7-methoxy-2-[2-(4′-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone (5) was isolated from a natural source for the first time. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses (1D and 2D NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR, UV). Nine compounds, including 1 showed more than 80% inhibition of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine at 50 µM.
Baboon Models of Acute Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Hanson Stephen R , Harker Laurence A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn conclusion, we believe that the baboon offers many advantages as an experimental animal to study vascular disease, thrombus formation and dissolution, the effects of mediating variables, and the relative efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Each specific application for testing therapeutic agents may require testing in different model systems. For example, the AV vascular graft model is efficient, cost effective and well adapted to study interventions for acute arterialthrombosis. As the antithrombotic products of genetic engineering and molecular biology emerge, it will be increasingly important to have relevant, reproducible, and quantitative approaches to evaluate their effects in vivo.
Depression of Tissue Plasminogen Activator (t-PA) Activity and Rise of t-PA Inhibition and Acute Phase Reactants in Blood of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
Authors: Gram Jørgen , Kluft Cornelis , Jespersen Jørgen 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe determined during the acute stage of myocardial infarction selected fibrinolysis variables (tissue-type plasminogen activator, intrinsic plasminogen activators, tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibition, C1-inactivator) and relatedthe observed changes to changes in two acute phase reactants (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen). Acute myocardial injury induce significant increases in blood of tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibition (day one, p <0.05), C-reactive protein (day three, p <0.01), fibrinogen (day six, p <0.01), and C1-inactivator (day eight, p <0.01). Tissue-type plasminogen activator activity measured as C1-inactivator resistant fibrinolytic activity showed a minimum day two after the acute attack (p <0.01), whereas plasminogen activator activities arising from the intrinsic system of fibrinolysis remained constant. The observed changes did not parallel the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis indicated by a positive Tc-plasmin test (41% of the patients).