bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric dermatology workforce in the United States
Authors: Prindaville Brea , Horii Kimberly A. , Siegfried Elaine C. , Brandling‐Bennett Heather 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudies have suggested there is a shortage of pediatric dermatologists in the United States, but the workforce has not been well defined. The Society for Pediatric Dermatology (SPD) Workforce Committee sought to characterize the US pediatric dermatology workforce with a nine‐question survey, sent to all 484 US SPD members in December 2016. The response rate was 30%. Most pediatric dermatologists were practicing in major metropolitan markets, seeing an average of 80 patients a week with an average 6‐week wait time. These findings indicate that geographic maldistribution and long wait times for new patient appointments remain substantial hurdles for adequate access to subspecialty pediatric dermatology care.
Infantile hemangiomas with minimal or arrested growth: A retrospective case series
Authors: Martin Jose M. , Sanchez Sara , González Víctor , Cordero Pilar , Ramon Dolores 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground/objectivesInfantile hemangiomas (IH) with minimal or arrested growth (MAG) constitute a distinctive subset of IH based on their clinical characteristics and natural history. They are often confused with capillary malformations.MethodsA retrospective observational study has been carried out in which clinical and perinatal characteristics have been evaluated in all IH‐MAG evaluated in our Dermatology Department in a 5‐year period (January 2013‐December 2017).ResultsA total of 14 IH‐MAG affecting 13 patients were identified (10 girls and 3 boys). All were born full term, with a mean birth weight of 3448 g for girls vs 3540 g for boys, corresponding to the 72nd percentile for both sexes. The IH‐MAG was noticed at birth in 75% of cases. It had a segmental distribution in 6 cases and focal in 8. The most common clinical features was the presence of an erythematous or reticulated background and superficial red bright papules. Lesions were located preferentially in the lower body. Doppler ultrasound showed no significant vascular abnormalities in any case. Five IH‐MAG developed ulcerations and three required treatment with propranolol. Progressive involution was observed in all cases.ConclusionsIn spite of being a true IH, the absence of a relationship with prematurity, the high birth weight of the newborns, the predominance on the extremities, the higher percentage of segmental lesions, and their reduced ability to proliferate suggest possible etiopathogenic differences compared with conventional IH.
Retrospective analysis of simple and stage II renal cysts: Pediatric nephrology point of view
Authors: Eroglu Fehime Kara , Kargın Çakıcı Evrim , Can Gökçe , Güngör Tülin , Yazılıtaş Fatma , Kurt‐Sukur Eda Didem , Celikkaya Evra , Üner Çiğdem , Çakmakçı Emin , Bülbül Mehmet 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIncreased ultrasonography (US) use has been correlated with an increased incidence of pediatric renal cysts. For simple and stage II cysts, the malignancy risk is low in adulthood, no follow up is recommended; but there is no consensus on childhood management. Given that pediatric renal cysts may be manifestations of hereditary cystic diseases, a different approach and follow up should be taken for these patients. Herein we present the clinical characteristics and follow‐up data of pediatric patients with simple and stage II renal cysts.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved 57 children (mean age, 12.44 ± 3.65 years) with simple (n = 35) and stage II cysts (n = 22) who were diagnosed and followed at the present institution for ≥2 years.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 2.84 years for simple and 3.10 years for stage II cysts. None of the patients developed complications. No change in cyst diameter was detected in 65.7% of simple or in 45.5% of stage II cysts, whereas 13 simple cysts (37.1%) and eight stage II cysts (36.4%) increased in diameter. The diameter change per year was significantly higher in the stage II cysts than in the simple cysts (P = 0.017). Overall, 13 patients (22%) had an estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min/1.73 m2, and two patients had hypertension.ConclusionAlthough the malignancy risk of simple and stage II kidney cysts is low for this age group, potential complications such as renal dysfunction, hypertension and hereditary cystic disease should be closely monitored.
Examining interpregnancy intervals and maternal and perinatal health outcomes using U.S. vital records: Important considerations for analysis and interpretation
Authors: Thoma Marie E. , De Silva Dane A. , MacDorman Marian F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies use birth certificate data to examine the association between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and maternal and perinatal health outcomes. Substantive changes from the latest birth certificate revision have implications for examining this relationship.MethodsWe provide an overview of the National Vital Statistics System and recent changes to the national birth certificate data file, which have implications for assessing IPI and perinatal health outcomes. We describe the calculation of IPI using birth certificate information and related measurement issues. Missing IPI values by maternal age, race and education using 2016 birth certificate data were also compared. Finally, we review and summarise data quality studies of select covariate and outcome variables (sociodemographic, maternal health and health behaviours, and infant health) conducted after the most recent 2003 birth certificate revision.ResultsSubstantive changes to data collection, dissemination and quality have occurred since the 2003 revision. These changes impact IPI measurement, trends and associations with perinatal health outcomes. Missing values of IPI were highest for older ages, lower education and non‐Hispanic black women. Minimal differences were found when comparing IPI using different gestational age measures. Recent data quality studies pointed to substantial variation in data quality by item and across states.ConclusionFuture studies examining the association of IPI with maternal and perinatal data using vital records should consider these aspects of the data in their research plan, sensitivity analyses and interpretation of findings.
Two new Pseudanabaena (Cyanobacteria, Synechococcales) species from Japan, Pseudanabaenacinerea and Pseudanabaena yagii, which produce 2‐methylisoborneol
Authors: Tuji Akihiro , Niiyama Yuko 
Published: October 2018

SUMMARYTwo new Pseudanabaena species, Pseudanabaena cinerea and Pseudanabaena yagii, were described. Both species are members of taxa that produce 2‐methylisoborneol and have a musty odor. P. cinerea was found at the Serikawa reservoir and in Lake Ogawara in Japan. P. cinerea is morphologically similar to P. subfoetida Niiyama et Tuji, but its cell color is different. The cell color of the former is greenish‐gray to gray, and that of the latter is bright blue‐green. P. yagii was described using an old strain, NIVA‐CYA 111, which was isolated from Lake Biwa in 1982. P. yagii can be distinguished from other 2‐MIB‐producing taxa by its thinner cell width and by the absence of small granules in its cells. The putative secondary structures of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal RNA operon were predicted for 2‐MIB‐producing Pseudanabaena species including the two new taxa. Both new taxa are also distinguished by their molecular phylogenies using 16S rRNA and rbcL, and by the secondary structures of the ITS regions of the rRNA operon.
Predictive factors and prognostic effect of telomere shortening in pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Planas‐Cerezales Lurdes , Arias‐Salgado Elena G. , Buendia‐Roldán Ivette , Montes‐Worboys Ana , López Cristina Esquinas , Vicens‐Zygmunt Vanesa , Hernaiz Patricio Luburich , Sanuy Roger Llatjós , Leiro‐Fernandez Virginia , Vilarnau Eva Balcells , Llinás Ernest Sala , Sargatal Jordi Dorca , Abellón Rosario Perona , Selman Moisés , Molina‐Molina Maria 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe abnormal shortening of telomeres is a mechanism linking ageing to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) that could be useful in the clinical setting. The objective of this study was to identify the IPF patients with higher risk for telomere shortening and to investigate the outcome implications.MethodsConsecutive Spanish patients were included at diagnosis and followed up for 3 years. DNA blood samples from a Mexican cohort were used to validate the results found in Spanish sporadic IPF. Prior to treatment, telomere length was measured through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Southern blot. Outcome was assessed according to mortality or need for lung transplantation. A multivariate regression logistic model was used for statistical analysis.ResultsFamily aggregation, age of <60 years and the presence of non‐specific immunological or haematological abnormalities were associated with a higher probability of telomere shortening. Overall, 66.6% of patients younger than 60 years with telomere shortening died or required lung transplantation, independent of functional impairment at diagnosis. By contrast, in patients older than 60 years with telomere shortening, the negative impact of telomere shortening in outcome was not significant.ConclusionOur data indicate that young sporadic IPF patients (<60 years) with some non‐specific immunological or haematological abnormalities had higher risk of telomere shortening, and furthermore, they presented a poorer prognosis.
When technology enters the home – a systematic and integrative review examining the influence of technology on the meaning of home
Authors: Lindahl Berit , Kirk Sue 
Published: October 2018

AimTo analyse and synthesise the research that has investigated the experience of home in relation to home mechanical ventilation (HMV).MethodSystematic integrative review. Four electronic databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus and ISI Web of Knowledge) were searched between January 2010 and April 2017 as well as reference lists of included studies. Quantitative and qualitative studies meeting the inclusion criteria were critically appraised. Study findings were inductively analysed and synthesised using the integrative approach.ResultsTwenty‐one studies were included in the review. Two main themes emerged: home and at‐homeness and altered interpersonal relationships. The literature suggests that the technology alters the meaning of home through its structural and conceptual reconfiguration. Paradoxically, the space is experienced as both a home and a workplace which creates tensions and ambiguities for HMV users/families and care workers. HMV users and their families attempt to recreate a sense of home and identity while gaining control over space and decision‐making. Nevertheless, the home is seen as the preferred place to live and close bonds can develop between the different actors.ConclusionsThe literature suggests that the transformation of the meaning of home by the presence of technology and workers poses challenges that are often under‐recognised. Healthcare professionals and personal care assistants need preparation for the complexities of working in the home setting in addition to clinical aspects of caregiving. Home adaptations need to be carefully planned and include design principles that retain ‘at‐homeness’ while enabling the creation of a safe workplace.
Recovery, symptoms, and well‐being one to five years after lung transplantation – A multi‐centre study
Authors: Lundmark Martina , Lennerling Annette , Almgren Matilda , Forsberg Anna 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundIn recent years, survival after lung transplantation has remained largely unchanged despite improvements in short‐and intermediate‐term survival, indicating the need to identify factors associated with recovery and long‐term survival. Very little is known about how lung recipients recover after lung transplantation and whether such factors are related to symptom distress and well‐being. This constitutes the rationale of the study.AimThe aim was to explore symptom prevalence and distress as well as the degree of self‐reported perceived recovery and well‐being 1–5 years after adult lung transplantation.MethodThis multicentre, cross‐sectional nationwide study includes 117 lung recipients due for follow‐up at 1 year (n = 35), 2 years (n = 28), 3 years (n = 23), 4 years (n = 20) and 5 years (n = 11). Three different self‐assessment instruments were utilised; The Postoperative Recovery Profile, the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well‐Being Instrument, and the Psychological General Well‐Being Instrument. Ethical approval of the study was obtained.ResultsFew (5.7%) lung recipients were recovered 1–5 years after lung transplantation and 27.6% were not recovered at all. No relationship was identified between present lung function and self‐reported recovery or well‐being. There was a strong relationship between recovery and well‐being. It is possible to be partly recovered and experience good health. The most prevalent symptoms were tremor 66%, breathlessness 62%, and decreased libido 60%, while the symptoms perceived as most distressing were embarrassment about appearance, decreased libido, and poor appetite.LimitationsThe cross‐sectional design prevents identification of any causal relationships. Patient loss due to transplant mortality and inclusion difficulties resulted in a fairly small sample.ConclusionOur findings suggest the need for changes in follow‐up care such as systematic measurement of the degree of self‐reported recovery and symptoms. This entails self‐management support tailored to the recipients' symptom‐management and health‐management requirements.
Role of regulatory T cells in CD47/donor‐specific transfusion‐induced immune tolerance in skin‐heart transplantation mice
Authors: Hu Yu , Zhou Honglan , Gao Baoshan , Wang Gang , Wang Yuantao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the role of regulatory T (Treg) cells in the establishment of immune tolerance induced by donor‐specific transfusion (DST) in mice with skin‐heart transplantation.MethodsC57BL/6 mice received DST of splenocytes from CD47+/+ or CD47−/− H‐2bm1 mice or no DST 7 days before skin‐heart transplantation from major histocompatibility complex class I‐mismatched H‐2bm1 donors. The number and proportion of Treg cells in graft and lymphoid organs were measured by flow cytometry (FACS) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The inhibitory function of Treg cells and anti‐donor T‐cell responses were assessed by mixed lymphocyte reaction.ResultsWe observed that mean survival time (MST) of skin or heart graft was significantly longer in C57BL/6 mice which received DST from CD47+/+ H‐2bm1 mice than from CD47−/− H‐2bm1 mice. By FACS, we found that the number of Treg cells in spleen was increased significantly in mice which received CD47−/− DST compared to mice which received CD47+/+ DST. However, the percentages of Treg cells in total splenocytes and lymph node cells were significantly higher in mice that received CD47+/+ DST than mice which received CD47−/− DST. Immunohistochemistry showed an increased heart grafts infiltration of Treg cells in the recipients with CD47−/− DST, but not CD47+/+ DST. Supporting this, we found that donor T‐cell proliferation was significantly suppressed in mice which received CD47+/+ DST compared to mice which received CD47−/− DST. There was no difference of inhibitory function of Treg cells between these two groups.ConclusionOur results indicated that CD47 expression on DST cells plays an important role in the induction of immune tolerance in mice with skin‐heart transplantation. Increased percentage of Treg cells may contribute to immune tolerance induced by CD47+/+ DST.
Klossiella equi infection in a Cheval Canadien Mare
Authors: Baker Rose E. , Schlipf John W. , Brady Jacqueline V. , Gorman M. Elena 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA 6‐year‐old Cheval Canadien mare was presented for clinical signs related to acute kidney injury after receiving a course of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory therapy. Cytologic examination of concentrated urine revealed small protozoal organisms that were later identified as Klossiella equi. Both sporocysts and free‐floating sporozoites were identified in the urine, which has not been previously documented. The mare responded well to intravenous fluid therapy, and as she regained tubular function, the presence of the protozoa in the urine also abated. The mare was discharged from the hospital after approximately 1 week of therapy. Repeat serum chemistries for up to 1 year following discharge demonstrated that all renal parameters had returned to normal, and the protozoa were not visualized on cytologic examination of the collected urine samples.
Circulating CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cell levels in an experimental model of canine atopic dermatitis
Authors: Rostaher Ana , Fischer Nina M. , Urwyler Adrian , Favrot Claude 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is characterized immunologically by an imbalanced T‐cell response. Mechanisms of immune regulation in cAD have not yet been completely elucidated.ObjectivesTo investigate peripheral blood T regulatory (Treg) cells and their associated cytokines (TGF‐β and IL‐10) in an experimental model of cAD.AnimalsEight beagle dogs that were initially naïve and subsequently sensitized to house dust mites (HDM).Methods and materialsT regulatory cell phenotyping was performed by flow‐cytometric analysis on peripheral blood; serum cytokine levels were measured by ELISA, before sensitization and after challenge with HDM allergens. Additionally, clinical scores and allergen‐specific IgE were determined.ResultsAfter challenge of sensitized dogs to HDM allergen, a significant increase of Treg cells and simultaneous decrease in the serum TGF‐β were observed. However, in most dogs, serum IL‐10 values were below the detection limit. Treg cell proportions before sensitization were significantly negatively correlated with the HDM‐specific IgE levels and clinical scores after induction of AD signs.Conclusion and clinical importanceThe results confirm that Treg responses are involved in the pathogenesis of an experimental model cAD. Further investigations are required to clarify the precise immune modulating function of canine Treg cells and their interplay with other immune cell types.
Bartonella henselae in a dog with ear tip vasculitis
Authors: Southern Brittany L. , Neupane Pradeep , Ericson Marna E. , Dencklau Jamie C. , Linder Keith E. , Bradley Julie M. , McKeon Gabriel P. , Long Charles T. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundBartonella henselae, a Gram‐negative, zoonotic, alpha‐proteobacteria has been previously implicated in association with cutaneous vasoproliferative lesions (bacillary angiomatosis), nodular panniculitis and multifocal erythema (erythema multiforme) in dogs.ObjectiveDescribe clinical, microbiological and histological lesions in a dog with ear margin vasculitis and B. henselae infection.AnimalsA 12‐month‐old, specific pathogen‐free intact female beagle dog maintained in a vector‐free laboratory animal resource facility.Methods and materialsBartonella and Rickettsia serological evaluation, Bartonella and Rickettsia PCR, Bartonella alpha‐proteobacteria growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment blood culture/PCR, histopathological investigation and confocal immunohistochemical evaluation.ResultsSerological investigation (seroreversion) and PCR testing of aural tissue biopsies failed to support Rickettsia rickettsii as a cause of the aural vasculitis; however, B. henselae, genotype San Antonio 2 DNA was amplified and sequenced from both ear tip margins and from normal‐appearing abdominal skin. Seroconversion to B. henselae was documented retrospectively by IFA testing. Bartonella henselae organisms were visualized by confocal immunostaining within all three biopsies. Histopathology revealed small vessel necrotizing vasculitis and dermal necrosis. Bartonella henselae seroreversion and complete resolution of skin lesions occurred in conjunction with administration of oral doxycycline and enrofloxacin for six weeks.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBartonella henselae is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that has been associated with leucocytoclastic vasculitis in humans and may have had a contributing or causative role in the development of the cutaneous aural margin vasculitis in this beagle.
Retrospective characterization of canine coagulopathies using the turbidimetric ACL‐TOP 300 analyzer (2014–2015): Forty‐seven dogs
Authors: Richardson Rae , Todd Jeffrey M. , Sharkey Leslie C. , Washabau Robert J. , Williams Kevin D. , Little Kim J. , Rendahl Aaron 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo characterize disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), liver failure (LF), post‐hepatic cholestasis (PHC), and anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication (ROD) in dogs using an immunoturbidimetric coagulation analyzer and to characterize the relationship between clinical bleeding and bleeding parameters.DesignRetrospective study (August 2014–July 2015).SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsForty‐seven client‐owned dogs diagnosed with DIC (n = 24), LF (n = 9), PHC (n = 5), or ROD (n = 9) based on history, clinical pathology, cytology, histopathology. or exploratory surgery.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsMedian prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and quantitative fribrinogen assay (QFA) were above the reference interval for DIC, LF, PHC and ROD with the exception of a normal QFA for LF. Clot curve analysis for DIC was characterized by elevated PT Delta, PT first derivative, and aPTT Delta, and normal for aPTT second derivative; all LF parameters were within the RI; all PHC parameters were above the RI; and ROD had elevated aPTT delta, but low aPTT second derivative. Coagulopathic bleeding recognized within the DIC group was characterized by median PT delta in mABS (milliabsorbance), first derivative and aPTT delta values in mABS within the RI at 35.0, 55.5 and 38, respectively. The nonbleeding DIC group median values of these same parameters were 189.5, 586.5 and 288, respectively.ConclusionsThe classically utilized indicators of secondary hemostasis, PT and aPTT, were prolonged within all 4 groups; DIC, LF, PHC and ROD as expected. Fibrinogen concentration was increased in both PHC and ROD, decreased in LF and increased but with a bimodal distribution in DIC that correlated with clinical bleeding. The degree of PT and aPTT prolongation did not correlate with clinical bleeding in the DIC group, however clot curve analysis, did reveal an association.