bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factor analysis, antimicrobial resistance and pathotyping ofEscherichia coliassociated with pre- and post-weaning piglet diarrhoea in organised farms, India
Authors: VinodhKumar O. R. , Singh B. R. , Sinha D. K. , Pruthvishree B. S. , Tamta Shika , Dubal Z. B. , Karthikeyan R. , Rupner Ramkumar N. , Malik Y. S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA cross-sectional study was conducted from 2014 to 2017 in 13 organised pig farms located in eight states of India (Northern, North-Eastern and Southern regions) to identify the risk factors, pathotype and antimicrobial resistance ofEscherichia coliassociated with pre- and post-weaning piglet diarrhoea. The data collected through questionnaire survey were used to identify the risk factors by univariable analysis, in which weaning status, season, altitude, ventilation in the shed, use of heater/cooler for temperature control in the sheds, feed type, water source, and use of disinfectant, were the potential risk factors. In logistic regression model, weaning and source of water were the significant risk factors. The piglet diarrhoea prevalence was almost similar across the regions. Of the 909 faecal samples collected (North – 310, North-East – 194 and South – 405) for isolation ofE. coli, pathotyping and antibiotic screening, 531E. coliwere isolated in MacConkey agar added with cefotaxime, where 345 isolates were extended spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL) producers and were positive forblaCTX-M-1 (n= 147),blaTEM (n= 151),qnrA (n= 98),qnrB (n= 116),qnrS (n= 53),tetA (n= 46),tetB (n= 48) andsul1 (n= 54) genes. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index revealed that 14 (2.64%) isolates had MAR index of 1. On the virulence screening ofE. coli, 174 isolates harboured alone or combination ofStx1,Stx2,eaeA,hlyA genes. The isolates from diarrhoeic and post-weaning samples harboured higher number of virulence genes than non-diarrhoeic and pre-weaning. Alleviating the risk factors might reduce the piglet diarrhoea cases. The presence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing pathogenicE. coliin piglets appears a public health concern.
LAPIDARY CRAFT PRODUCTION AT 17:S3E1 AND 18:S3E1, THE TLAJINGA DISTRICT, TEOTIHUACAN
Authors: Widmer Randolph J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA total of 84 two-liter soil samples from Proyecto Arqueológico Tlajinga Teotihuacan (PATT) sites 17:S3E1, 18:S3E1, and the Street of the Dead excavations were fine-screened through 1-mm mesh and were sorted to retrieve tiny artifacts. The raw lapidary stone and marine shell material was then analyzed to assess the presence and intensity of artifact production. These data were also compared with the lapidary material of nearby 33:S3W1. A robust multicraft lapidary production was revealed. Sequins and stemmed trapezoid pendants were manufactured from slate, greenstone, marine shell, and mica, with slate being the predominant raw material being worked. A reduction sequence for slate sequins was developed based on the various shapes of slate materials that indicated the stages of production. Importantly, this lapidary craft production was not recognized from surface collections prior to excavation.
Enhancing resilience and self-efficacy in the parents of children with disabilities and complex health needs
Authors: Whiting M. , Nash A.S. , Kendall S. , Roberts S.A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimThe principal aim of this study was to develop, pilot and evaluate an intervention intended to support the development of resilience and self-efficacy in parents of children with disabilities or complex health needs.BackgroundPrevious research has found that families often experience physical, social and emotional stress in the context of living with and caring for their disabled child. The literature indicates that a key factor in determining how well the parents of these children cope with their situation may be how resilient and self-efficacious they are.MethodsA total of 16 parents of children with complex needs and disabilities were engaged in a series of guided conversations delivered during six contact visits with nurse co-researchers (community children’s nurses who had received an intensive three-day preparation programme). The conversations, which were supported with additional material that was designed specifically for use in the study, were based around four key themes: emotional coping, practical coping, support networks and ‘you and your child’. The impact of the intervention was evaluated using both qualitative and quantitative measures.FindingsWhen interviewed, parents reported increased self-belief and self-confidence and indicated that they felt better supported and stronger as a result of the intervention. This was consistent with the quantitative evaluation which identified significant improvements on scores for active coping and self-blame on the brief COPE inventory scale and for empathy and understanding and self-acceptance on the TOPSE scale. Scores on the self-report distress thermometer demonstrated a significant reduction in self-reported distress scores at the end of the intervention period.
Effects of Turbulent Hyporheic Mixing on Reach‐Scale Transport
Authors: Roche K. R. , Li A. , Bolster D. , Wagner G. J. , Packman A. I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTurbulence causes rapid mixing of solutes and fine particles between open channel flow and coarse‐grained streambeds. Turbulent mixing is known to control hyporheic exchange fluxes and the distribution of vertical mixing rates in the streambed, but it is unclear how turbulent mixing ultimately influences mass transport at the reach scale. We used a particle‐tracking model to simulate local‐ and reach‐scale solute transport for a stream with coarse‐grained sediments. Simulations were first used to determine profiles of vertical mixing rates that best described solute concentration profiles measured within a coarse granular bed in flume experiments. These vertical mixing profiles were then used to simulate a pulse solute injection to show the effects of turbulent hyporheic exchange on reach‐scale solute transport. Experimentally measured concentrations were best described by simulations with a nonmonotonic mixing profile, with highest mixing at the sediment–water interface and exponential decay into the bed. Reach‐scale simulations show that this enhanced interfacial mixing couples in‐stream and hyporheic solute transport. Coupling produces an interval of exponential decay in breakthrough curves and delays the onset of power law tailing. High streamwise velocities in the hyporheic zone reduce mass recovery in the water column and cause breakthrough curves to exhibit steeper power law slopes than predictions from mobile‐immobile modeling theory. These results demonstrate that transport models must consider the spatial variability of streamwise velocity and vertical mixing for both the stream and the hyporheic zone, and new analytical theory is needed to describe reach‐scale transport when high streamwise velocities are present in the hyporheic zone.
Effects of Tropospheric Vertical Wind Shear on Gravity Waves Generated by Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Wang Yuan , Zhang Lifeng , Zhang Yun , Guan Jiping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of tropospheric vertical wind shear on gravity waves generated by tropical cyclones using idealized tropical cyclone simulations with different vertical profiles of environmental zonal wind. It is found that without shear, gravity wave momentum fluxes are distributed uniformly over a broad spectral range, with fluxes in opposite directions showing symmetry. Westerly shear in the troposphere leads to asymmetry between eastward and westward momentum fluxes, resulting in net westward fluxes and a resultant westward drag forcing on the background flow in the lower stratosphere. Under westerly shear, the active momentum fluxes extend to shorter horizontal wavelengths, and contract to longer periods and slower phase speeds. In addition, clear local peaks appear at large horizontal wavelengths, long periods, and moderate phase speeds, particularly for westward momentum fluxes.
A bioinformatics investigation into the pharmacological mechanisms of the effect of Fufang Danshen on pain based on methodologies of network pharmacology
Authors: Sun Yantao , Yang Jie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFufang Danshen (FFDS), a Chinese medicine formula widely used in the clinic, has proven therapeutic effects on pain relief. However, the mechanisms of these effects have not been elucidated. Here, we performed a systematic analysis to discover the mechanisms of FFDS in attenuating pain to gain a better understanding of FFDS in the treatment of other diseases accompanied by pain. Relevance analysis showed that Salvia miltiorrhizae was the best studied herb in FFDS. Most compounds in FFDS have good bioavailability, and we collected 223 targets for 35 compounds in FFDS. These targets were significantly enriched in many pathways related to pain and can be classified as signal transduction, endocrine system, nervous system and lipid metabolism. We compared Salvia miltiorrhizae and Panax notoginseng and found that they can significantly affect different pathways. Moreover, ten pain disease proteins and 45 therapeutic targets can be directly targeted by FFDS. All 45 therapeutic targets have direct or indirect connections with pain disease proteins. Forty-six pain disease proteins can be indirectly affected by FFDS, especially through heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSPA8) and transcription factor AP-1 (JUN). A total of 109 targets of FFDS were identified as significant targets.
Gene Expression Profiles Associated with Brain Aging are Altered in Schizophrenia
Authors: Sabunciyan Sarven 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExistence of aging associated transcriptional differences in the schizophrenia brain was investigated in RNA sequencing data from 610 postmortem Dorso-Lateral Pre-Frontal Cortex (DLPFC) samples in the CommondMind Consortium (CMC) and the psychENCODE cohorts. This analysis discovered that the trajectory of gene expression changes that occur during brain aging differed between schizophrenia cases and unaffected controls. Mainly, the identified gene expression differences between the diagnosis groups shrank in magnitude following 60 years of age. A differential expression analysis restricted to the 40 to 60 year age group identified 556 statistically significant loci that replicated and had highly consistent gene expression fold changes in the two cohorts. An interaction between age and diagnosis in the wider psychENCODE cohort was also detected. Gene set enrichment analysis discovered disruptions in mitochondria, RNA splicing and phosphoprotein gene pathways. The identified differentially expressed genes in the two cohorts were also significantly enriched in genomic regions associated with schizophrenia although no enrichment was observed for differentially expressed genes identified in the 40 to 60 year age group. This work implicates disruptions to the normal brain aging processes in the pathology of schizophrenia and demonstrates the need for age stratification in schizophrenia postmortem brain gene expression studies.
Phase-Encoded Hyperpolarized Nanodiamond for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Waddington David E. J. , Boele Thomas , Rej Ewa , McCamey Dane R. , King Nicholas J. C. , Gaebel Torsten , Reilly David J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSurface-functionalized nanomaterials are of interest as theranostic agents that detect disease and track biological processes using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Candidate materials are sparse however, requiring spinful nuclei with long spin-lattice relaxation (T1) and spin-dephasing times (T2), together with a reservoir of electrons to impart hyperpolarization. Here, we demonstrate the versatility of the nanodiamond material system for hyperpolarized 13C MRI, making use of its intrinsic paramagnetic defect centers, hours-long nuclear T1 times, and T2 times suitable for spatially resolving millimeter-scale structures. Combining these properties, we enable a new imaging modality, unique to nanoparticles, that exploits the phase-contrast between spins encoded with a hyperpolarization that is aligned, or anti-aligned with the external magnetic field. The use of phase-encoded hyperpolarization allows nanodiamonds to be tagged and distinguished in an MRI based on their spin-orientation alone, and could permit the action of specific bio-functionalized complexes to be directly compared and imaged.
The RNA binding activity of the first identified trypanosome protein with Z-DNA-binding domains
Authors: Nikpour Najmeh , Salavati Reza 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRNA-binding proteins play a particularly important role in regulating gene expression in trypanosomes. A map of the network of protein complexes in Trypanosoma brucei uncovered an essential protein (Tb927.10.7910) that is postulated to be an RNA-binding protein implicated in the regulation of the mitochondrial post-transcriptional gene regulatory network by its association with proteins that participate in a multi-protein RNA editing complex. However, the mechanism by which this protein interacts with its multiple target transcripts remained unknown. Using sensitive database searches and experimental data, we identify Z-DNA-binding domains in T. brucei in the N- and C-terminal regions of Tb927.10.7910. RNA-binding studies of the wild-type protein, now referred to as RBP7910 (RNA binding protein 7910), and site-directed mutagenesis of residues important for the Z-DNA binding domains show that it preferentially interacts with RNA molecules containing poly(U) and poly(AU)-rich sequences. The interaction of RBP7910 with these regions may be involved in regulation of RNA editing of mitochondrial transcripts.
Two Experimental Protocols for Accurate Measurement of Gas Component Uptake and Production Rates in Bioconversion Processes
Authors: Stone Kyle A. , He Q. Peter , Wang Jin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBioconversion processes offer many economic, environmental, and societal advantages for production of fuels and chemicals. Successful commercialization of any biotechnology usually requires accurate characterization of cell growth dynamics, substrate conversion and production excretion rates. Despite recent advancements in analytical equipment, obtaining accurate measurement of gas component uptake or production rates remains challenging due to their high sensitivity to system pressure or volume changes. Specifically, the consumption and production of various gases will result in changes in system pressure (for batch operations) or off-gas flow rate (for continuous operations). These changes would cause significant errors in the estimated gas component uptake and production rates if they were not accounted for. In this work, we propose two easy-to-implement experimental protocols and associated calculation procedures to obtain accurate measurements of gas component consumption and production rates; one is for batch operation and one is for continuous operation. For depressurized (i.e., system pressure below 1 atm) batch cultures, nitrogen (or other inert gases) is used to repressurize the system to 1 atm before taking sample; while for continuous cultures, He (or other inert gases) is used as an internal tracer to accurately measure off-gas flow rate. The effectiveness and accuracy of the two protocols and associated calculation procedures are demonstrated using several case studies with both abiotic and biotic systems.
Activation of a TLR9 mediated innate immune response in preeclampsia
Authors: Williamson Rachel D. , McCarthy Fergus P. , Kenny Louise C. , McCarthy Cathal M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPreeclampsia is a multisystemic disorder leading to the development of a placental ischemic microenvironment with a resultant increase in oxidative stress. There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and the innate immune system both play a role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Mitochondrial DAMPs such as mtDNA bind specific pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) on the endosomal surface of immune cells, in particular neutrophils, subsequently activating them and triggering an innate response. We hypothesised that the exaggerated innate immune response seen in preeclampsia is provoked by dysfunctional mitochondria. Here we provide evidence that TLR9 activity is significantly increased at time of disease in women with preeclampsia. Furthermore, we show activation of neutrophil markers, Calprotectin, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and IL-8 are significantly increased at time of disease compared to uncomplicated pregnancies. This research supports a potential role of TLR9 activation of an innate immune response evident in preeclampsia which may possibly be initially triggered by dysfunctional mitochondria.
MicroRNA-153 promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor and hippocampal neuron proliferation to alleviate autism symptoms through inhibition of JAK-STAT pathway by LEPR
Authors: You Yu-Hui , Qin Zhi-Qiang , Zhang Huan-Li , Yuan Zhao-Hong , Yu Xin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAutism is known as a severe neurobehavioral syndrome, with males affected more often than females. Previous studies have revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the search for novel therapeutic strategies for autism. Therefore, we evaluate the ability of miR-153 to influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) of autism as well as proliferation and apoptosis of hippocampal neuron through the janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway by targeting leptin receptor (LEPR). Firstly, the autistic mice models were established and Morris water maze was employed for the analysis of the learning ability and memory of the mice. Besides, in vitro experiments were conducted with the transfection of different mimic, inhibitor, or siRNA into the hippocampal neuron cells, after which the effect of miR-153 on LEPR and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway-related factors was investigated. Next, 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry assay were conducted to evaluate cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis respectively following transfection. The results revealed that there was a significant decrease in learning ability and memory in the autistic mice along with a reduction in the positive expression rate of BDNF and serious inflammatory reaction. LEPR was confirmed as a target gene of miR-153 by the dual luciferase reporter gene assay. After transfection of overexpressed miR-153, LEPR and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were inhibited followed by an increase in BDNF and enhancement of cell proliferation. In conclusion, the high expression of miR-153 can inhibit activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway by LEPR, thus improving BDNF expression and the proliferative ability of hippocampal neurons.
The Impact of Social Media on Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Need for Examination and Research
Authors: Finn Patrick 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Peer-reviewed research is the typical pathway for research to be implemented into clinical practice. However, the Internet, digital technology, and social media have introduced significant changes for how this information is shared, publicized, evaluated, and utilized. Some of these changes are positive, such as rapid distribution of needed information, whereas others are negative, such as widespread dissemination and influence of fake news and misinformation. The purpose of this editorial is to provide a brief look at how these negative changes have affected the helping professions.

Conclusion
In view of the wide-ranging challenges and influences described here, this editorial is a call for action to our researchers, educators, and clinicians to examine how social media has impacted the scientific practice of communication sciences and disorders. It concludes with a series of questions and examples for how this examination might unfold.
Therapie des essentiellen Blepharospasmus mit Botulinumtoxin
Authors: Kaltenmaier Matthias , Vanselow Karoline , Rollnik Jens , Maschke Matthias 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDer Blepharospasmus ist eine fokale Dystonie und eine seltene Erkrankung des Gehirns, bei der es zu unwillkürlichen Verkrampfungen der Lidschlussmuskulatur kommt. Die Diagnose wird klinisch gestellt und kann im Zweifel durch elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen bestätigt werden. Die Therapie der Wahl ist die lokale Injektion von Botulinumtoxin, die regelmäßig wiederholt werden muss.
Studiendesigns zur Wirkungsevaluation in Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung – Die Bedeutung interner und externer Validität für die Evidenzbasierung in Lebenswelten
Authors: Bödeker Wolfgang , Moebus Susanne 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Deutschland haben aufgrund des Präventionsgesetzes an Bedeutung gewonnen. Durch das Gesetz erfahren die sogenannten Lebenswelten (settings) eine besondere Beachtung. Bislang gibt es allerdings weder ein einheitliches Verständnis über diesen Ansatz, noch sind dessen Potenziale empirisch hergeleitet. Es bedarf daher einer Auseinandersetzung mit geeigneten Evaluations- und Studienkonzepten.
Ziele und Methoden Ziele dieser Arbeit sind, die Bedeutung der internen und externen Validität von Interventionsstudien in Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention zu untersuchen. Wir geben einen Überblick zu verschiedenen Studiendesigns im Hinblick auf die erreichbare Verzerrungskontrolle und stellen Anwendungsbeispiele für die Evaluation von Setting-Projekten vor.
Ergebnisse Lebenswelt bezogene Interventionen sind oft durch eine Vielzahl von Maßnahmen, Akteuren und Interventionskontexten gekennzeichnet. Der Evidenz basierten Medizin entliehene Analysemethoden werden in Deutschland für die Gesundheitsförderung kritisch gesehen. Solche Studien würden zwar eine hohe interne Validität aufweisen, die Übertragbarkeit der Ergebnisse auf „die Wirklichkeit“ sei aber gering. Dagegen ist die Übertragbarkeit von Studienergebnissen für Setting-Projekte keine größere Herausforderung als für andere Forschungsfelder. Sie ist nicht durch unterschiedliche Kontexte, sondern durch unterschiedliche Wirkungsbeziehungen begrenzt. Durch einen Wirkungsnachweis soll ein beobachteter Effekt kausal auf eine Intervention zurückgeführt werden. Die erkenntnistheoretischen Anforderungen unterscheiden sich hierbei nicht zwischen Studien, die auf interne oder externe Validität angelegt sind. Die internationale Diskussion fokussiert auf die Weiterentwicklung (quasi)-experimenteller Studiendesigns. Anwendungsbeispiele für Setting-Projekte vorwiegend aus Deutschland verdeutlichen, dass diese Verfahren vereinzelt bereits in der Evaluationspraxis angewendet werden.
Schlussfolgerung Eine Herausforderung für die Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention in Lebenswelten besteht darin, die heterogene Evidenzbasis systematisch zu erfassen. Derzeit liegt eine Vielzahl von Erkenntnissen in einer Vielzahl von Interventionsfeldern vor. Diese Erkenntnisse müssen zusammengestellt und dahingehend analysiert werden, ob und im welchem Umfang weitere Evaluationen mit welchen Methoden zu initiieren sind.