bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Präoperative Hypertonie – Muss der Elektiveingriff verschoben werden?
Authors: Unterberg Matthias , Nowak Hartmuth 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungLeitlinien zur Klassifikation und Therapie der Volkskrankheit „essenzielle Hypertonie“ sind über nationale 1 und internationale Fachgesellschaften verfügbar und unterliegen einem regelmäßigen Review- und Novellierungsprozess. Eine spezifische Leitlinie zum Management von hypertensiven Patienten in der perioperativen Sondersituation stellt ein Novum dar und richtet sich an alle im perioperativen Setting beteiligten Fachdisziplinen 3.
Multiple slopes in the negative differential resistance region of NbOx-based threshold switches
Authors: Herzig Melanie , Weiher Martin , Ascoli Alon , Tetzlaff Ronald , Mikolajick Thomas , Slesazeck Stefan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Niobium oxide devices exhibit threshold switching behavior which enables their use as selectors in memory arrays or as locally active devices for neuromorphic computing. Among the basic dynamical phenomena appearing in non-linear circuits, the oscillations generated in a relaxation oscillator, which is making use of the negative differential resistance (NDR) effect of a threshold switching device, are of special significance for the design of neuromorphic electronic systems. Here, the necessary requirements for the emergence of oscillations of this kind in a simple relaxation oscillator circuit and their influence on the shape of the measured quasi-static I–

characteristic of the threshold switch are examined. In the corresponding experiments multiple NDR regions were found to appear in the quasi-static I–

characteristic of the threshold switch concurrently with the occurrence of oscillations. The observed ‘multiple NDR phenomenon’ is therefore merely a measurement artefact due to the averaging effect associated to the operating principles of the source measure unit (SMU) utilized to measure the device current and voltage. In this work, we analyzed how the emergence of oscillatory behavior in the relaxation oscillator depends upon the device layer stack composition. The probability of the appearance of oscillations within a large current range can be increased by decreasing the oxygen content in the sub-stoichiometric bottom layer of a niobium oxide bi-layer stack. It is shown that this trend is caused by the resulting decrease in the value of the product between thermal capacitance and thermal resistance of the threshold switching device. Furthermore, the changed stack composition reduces the variability and changes the forming voltage, which goes hand in hand with a change of the threshold voltage.
Thermographic phosphor heat flux measurements of laminar methane/air flame impinging on a cylindrical surface
Authors: Oketch Peter Obara , Gonchikzhapov Munko , Bergmann Ulf , Atakan Burak 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The stagnation point heat fluxes of methane/air flames impinging normal on a cylindrical surface were determined experimentally. Light induced phosphorescence from thermographic phosphors was used to investigate surface temperatures at the stagnation point from a nearly 1D laminar premixed flame burning against a water-cooled ceramic tube. The ceramic tube was coated with 1.1% chromium-doped alumina (ruby) at the impingement area and excited with a green light-emitting diode (LED) to measure the surface temperature. The flame temperature profiles were also measured with a thermocouple of type R (Pt/Pt  +  13% Rh). Effects on variations in cold gas velocity (0.1 m s−1–0.5 m s−1) relative to the flame speed, equivalence ratio (Ф  =  0.85–1.2), burner to impingement surface spacing (H/d  =  0.5–2) and surface curvature are reported. The stagnation point heat fluxes are strongly influenced by the flame stabilization mechanism, which changes from burner to wall stabilization, which also is seen from the measured flame temperature profiles. Increasing the cold gas velocity of the reactants leads to higher stagnation point heat fluxes. In addition, decreasing the distance between the burner and impingement surface increases the heat flux, with higher heat fluxes recorded for a tube compared to a flat plate.
Omadacycline for Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections
Authors: Abrahamian Fredrick M , Sakoulas George , Tzanis Evan , Manley Amy , Steenbergen Judith , Das Anita F , Eckburg Paul B , McGovern Paul C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Within the last decade, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a frequent cause of purulent skin and soft tissue infections. New therapeutic options are being investigated for these infections.

Methods
We report an integrated analysis of 2 randomized, controlled studies involving omadacycline, a novel aminomethylcycline, and linezolid for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). Omadacycline in Acute Skin and Skin Structure Infections Study 1 (OASIS-1) initiated patients on intravenous omadacycline or linezolid, with the option to transition to an oral formulation after day 3. OASIS-2 was an oral-only study of omadacycline versus linezolid.

Results
In total, 691 patients received omadacycline and 689 patients received linezolid. Infection types included wound infection in 46.8% of patients, cellulitis/erysipelas in 30.5%, and major abscess in 22.7%. Pathogens were identified in 73.2% of patients. S. aureus was detected in 74.7% and MRSA in 32.4% of patients in whom a pathogen was identified. Omadacycline was noninferior to linezolid using the Food and Drug Administration primary endpoint of early clinical response (86.2% vs 83.9%; difference 2.3, 95% confidence interval –1.5 to 6.2) and using the European Medicines Agency primary endpoint of investigator-assessed clinical response at the posttreatment evaluation. Clinical responses were similar across different infection types and infections caused by different pathogens. Treatment-emergent adverse events, mostly described as mild or moderate, were reported by 51.1% of patients receiving omadacycline and 41.2% of those receiving linezolid.

Conclusions
Omadacycline was effective and safe in ABSSSI.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02378480 and NCT02877927.
Early Clinical Response in Community-acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: From Clinical Endpoint to Clinical Practice
Authors: Ramirez Julio A , Tzanis Evan , Curran Marla , Noble Robert , Chitra Surya , Manley Amy , Kirsch Courtney , McGovern Paul C 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Early clinical response (ECR) is a new endpoint to determine whether a drug should be approved for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in the United States. The Omadacycline for Pneumonia Treatment In the Community (OPTIC) phase III study demonstrated noninferiority of omadacycline to moxifloxacin using this endpoint. This study describes the performance of the ECR endpoint and clinical stability relative to a posttreatment evaluation (PTE) of clinical success.

Methods
ECR was defined as symptom improvement 72–120 hours after the first dose of study drug (ECR window), no use of rescue antibiotics, and patient survival. Clinical success at PTE was an investigator assessment of success. Clinical stability was defined based on vital sign stabilization, described in the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America community-acquired pneumonia treatment guidelines.

Results
During the ECR window, ECR was achieved in 81.1% and 82.7% of omadacycline and moxifloxacin patients, respectively. Similar numbers of patients achieved clinical stability in each treatment group (omadacycline 74.6%, moxifloxacin 77.6%). The proportion of patients with improved symptoms who were considered clinically stable increased across the ECR window (69.2–77.6% for omadacycline; 68.0–79.7% for moxifloxacin). There was high concordance (>70%) and high positive predictive value (>90%) of ECR and clinical stability with overall clinical success at PTE.

Conclusions
Omadacycline was noninferior to moxifloxacin, based on a new ECR endpoint. Clinical stability was similarly high when measured in the same time frame as ECR. Both ECR and clinical stability showed high concordance and high positive predictive value with clinical success at PTE.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02531438.
Improving the Mechanism of Detecting and Measuring Holes in Ad hoc Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Bayoumi Mohamed A , Salem Tarek M , Koriem Samir M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Area detection and measuring is one of the most important problems in wireless sensor network because it mainly relates to the continuity and functionality of most routing protocols applied to the region of interest (ROI). Electronics failure, random deployment of nodes, software errors or some phenomena such as fire spreading or water flood could lead to wide death of sensor nodes. The damage on ROI can be controlled by detecting and calculating the area of the holes, resulting from the damaged sensor networks. In this paper, a new mathematical algorithm, wireless sensor hole detection algorithm (WHD), is developed to detect and calculate the holes area in ROI where the sensor nodes are spread randomly. WHD is developed for achieving quality of service in terms of power consumption and average hole detection time. The dynamic behavior of the proposed WHD depends on executing the following steps. Firstly, WHD algorithm divides down the ROI into many cells using the advantage of the grid construction to physically partition the ROI into many small individual cells. Secondly, WHD algorithm works on each cell individually by allocating the nearest three sensor nodes to each of the cell’s coordinates by comparing their positions, WHD connects each cell’s coordinate points with the selected sensor nodes by lines that construct a group of triangles, then WHD calculates the area of upcoming triangles. Repeating the previous step on all the cells, WHD can calculate and locate each hole in the ROI. The performance evaluation depends on the NS-2 simulator as a simulation technique to study and analyze the performance of WHD algorithm. Results show that WHD outperforms, in terms of average energy consumption and average hole discovery time, path density algorithm, novel coverage hole discovery algorithm and distriputed coverage hole Detection.
Finding ‘the Most Highly Qualified Publicists’: Lessons from the International Court of Justice
Authors: Helmersen Sondre Torp 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice (ICJ Statute) instructs the Court to ‘apply … the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists’. This raises the question of how to decide who these ‘publicists’ are and how to rank them. This article suggests four factors that the Court’s judges apparently use when assessing the weight of ‘teachings’: the quality of the work, the expertise and official positions of the author(s) and agreement between multiple authors. Judges may invoke these factors because it can make their opinions more authoritative and saves time, and in order to conform with Article 38 of the ICJ Statute. Counting the authors and teachings that judges have highlighted as having high quality, being experts and holding prestigious official positions provides a list that is different from the lists of writers who are cited most often and by the most judges. While this gives a rough idea of who ‘the most highly qualified publicists’ may be, it also shows that a final, conclusive ranking cannot be given.
Moduli Spaces of Point Configurations and Plane Curve Counts
Authors: Reineke Markus , Weist Thorsten 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We identify certain Gromov–Witten invariants counting rational curves with given incidence and tangency conditions with the Euler characteristics of moduli spaces of point configurations in projective spaces. On the Gromov–Witten side, S. Fomin and G. Mikhalkin established a recurrence relation via tropicalization, which is realized on the moduli space side using Donaldson–Thomas invariants of subspace quivers.
Treatment on Trial: Tanzania’s National Tuberculosis Program, the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, and the Road to DOTS, 1977-1991
Authors: Gradmann Christoph 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Tanzania's national tuberculosis control program, created in 1977, is credited with having been the main inspiration for the World Health Organization's Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course (DOTS) strategy for the control of tuberculosis, which was implemented from 1994. The text focuses on what previously took place in Tanzanian tuberculosis control between 1977 and the early 1990s. What was it that the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, which was central in the effort, assisted in creating? In what sense was the program innovative? How could a country whose health system was destroyed by a deepening economic crisis in the 1980s become a lighthouse of tuberculosis control? How much consideration was given to the rise of HIV/AIDS that occurred in parallel? The paper proposes answers to these questions, and suggests that we should see the creation of the Tanzanian program as a laboratory of nascent global health.
Emerging strategies for the identification of protein–metabolite interactions
Authors: Luzarowski Marcin , Skirycz Aleksandra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInteractions between biological molecules enable life. The significance of a cell-wide understanding of molecular complexes is thus obvious. In comparison to protein–protein interactions, protein–metabolite interactions remain under-studied. However, this has been gradually changing due to technological progress. Here, we focus on the interactions between ligands and receptors, the triggers of signalling events. While the number of small molecules with proven or proposed signalling roles is rapidly growing, most of their protein receptors remain unknown. Conversely, there are numerous signalling proteins with predicted ligand-binding domains for which the identities of the metabolite counterparts remain elusive. Here, we discuss the current biochemical strategies for identifying protein–metabolite interactions and how they can be used to characterize known metabolite regulators and identify novel ones.
Recalculating growth and defense strategies under competition: key roles of photoreceptors and jasmonates
Authors: Ballaré Carlos L , Austin Amy T 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe growth–defense trade-off in plant biology has gained enormous traction in the last two decades, highlighting the importance of understanding how plants deal with two of the greatest challenges for their survival and reproduction. It has been well established that in response to competition signals perceived by informational photoreceptors, shade-intolerant plants typically activate the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS). In turn, in response to signals of biotic attack, plants activate a suite of defense responses, many of which are directed to minimize the loss of plant tissue to the attacking agent (broadly defined, the defense syndrome, DS). We argue that components of the SAS, including increased elongation, apical dominance, reduced leaf mass per area (LMA), and allocation to roots, are in direct conflict with configurational changes that plants require to maximize defense. We hypothesize that these configurational trade-offs provide a functional explanation for the suppression of components of the DS in response to competition cues. Based on this premise, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which informational photoreceptors, by interacting with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling, help the plant to make intelligent allocation and developmental decisions that optimize its configuration in complex biotic contexts.
Clinical Accuracy of Holographic Navigation Using Point-Based Registration on Augmented-Reality Glasses
Authors: van Doormaal Tristan P C , van Doormaal Jesse A M , Mensink Tom 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
As current augmented-reality (AR) smart glasses are self-contained, powerful computers that project 3-dimensional holograms that can maintain their position in physical space, they could theoretically be used as a low-cost, stand-alone neuronavigation system.

OBJECTIVE
To determine feasibility and accuracy of holographic neuronavigation (HN) using AR smart glasses.

METHODS
We programmed a fully functioning neuronavigation system on commercially available smart glasses (HoloLens®, Microsoft, Redmond, Washington) and tested its accuracy and feasibility in the operating room. The fiducial registration error (FRE) was measured for both HN and conventional neuronavigation (CN) (Brainlab, Munich, Germany) by using point-based registration on a plastic head model. Subsequently, we measured HN and CN FRE on 3 patients.

RESULTS
A stereoscopic view of the holograms was successfully achieved in all experiments. In plastic head measurements, the mean HN FRE was 7.2 ± 1.8 mm compared to the mean CN FRE of 1.9 ± 0.45 (mean difference: –5.3 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –6.7 to –3.9). In the 3 patients, the mean HN FRE was 4.4 ± 2.5 mm compared to the mean CN FRE of 3.6 ± 0.5 (mean difference: –0.8 mm; 95% CI: –3.0 to 4.6).

CONCLUSION
Owing to the potential benefits and promising results, we believe that HN could eventually find application in operating rooms. However, several improvements will have to be made before the device can be used in clinical practice.
The effects of pretransportation or arrival meloxicam administration to calves entering the feedlot on morbidity, biomarkers, performance, and carcass characteristics
Authors: Van Engen Nicholas K , Engelken Terry J , Lockard Caleb G , Lakritz Jeffery , Cernicchiaro Natalia , Wilson Blake K , Krehbiel Clint R , Coetzee Johann F 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this trial was to investigate the effects of using meloxicam as a pretransport or on arrival therapeutic on disease outcomes of bovine respiratory disease (BRD), biomarker outcomes associated with BRD, performance characteristics over the first 42 d on feed, and carcass traits at harvest in cross bred beef cattle. Multisourced, crossbred steer calves (n = 168) consisting of mainly British and British-Continental breeds were purchased from an auction market in central Missouri. Calves were processed prior to transportation and again upon feedlot arrival. Animals were randomized to 3 separate treatments: pretransport meloxicam (PMEL), arrival meloxicam (AMEL), and a control group receiving inactive excipient (CONT). Dosing at 1 mg/kg on weighted averaged administered per os. Animals were weighed and blood was collected pre- and post-transport. Haptoglobin (Hp)-matrix metaloproteinase (MMP)-9 complex, cortisol, and substance P were quantified. Weights were taken again at 42 d and at harvest. Clinical signs of BRD were monitored using indicators of depression, appetite, respiration, and temperature that qualified the animals for treatment. Harvest parameters were collected using a standardized United States Department of Agriculture grading system for quality grade and yield grade. Meloxicam did not have a significant effect on BRD morbidity over the course of the study and there was no significant effect on performance characteristics at 42 d (P &gt; 0.10). Of the calves that did succumb to BRD, no significant differences were found in severity of disease (P &gt; 0.10). Concentrations of substance P and Hp- MMP-9, were increased on arrival (P ≤ 0.05) however no significant treatment effect or interaction were found between AMEL, PMEL, CONT, or across different levels of biomarkers (P &gt; 0.10). Meloxicam use prior to or on arrival does not mitigate disease or improve performance during the feeding period.
Recorded Diagnoses of Depression During Delivery Hospitalizations in the United States, 2000–2015
Authors: Haight Sarah C. , Byatt Nancy , Moore Simas Tiffany A. , Robbins Cheryl L. , Ko Jean Y. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To describe national, state-specific, and sociodemographic trends in diagnoses of depressive disorders recorded during delivery hospitalizations.

METHODS:
Data were analyzed from the National Inpatient Sample (2000–2015) and 31 publicly available State Inpatient Databases (2000–2015) of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Delivery hospitalizations were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnostic and procedure codes for obstetric delivery. Depressive disorders were identified from ICD-9-CM diagnoses codes classified as depressive disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (291.89, 292.84, 293.83, 296.2–296.26, 296.3–296.36, 300.4, and 311). Prevalence rates and average annual rate change were calculated nationally and across 28 states with at least 3 years of data and age, payer source, and race or ethnicity.

RESULTS:
The U.S. rate of depressive disorders recorded during delivery hospitalizations increased from 4.1 diagnoses per 1,000 hospitalizations in 2000 to 28.7 in 2015. Rates significantly increased in 27 of the 28 states. Recent (2014–2015) rates were lowest in Hawaii and Nevada (less than 14/1,000) and highest in Vermont, Minnesota, Oregon, and Wisconsin (greater than 49/1,000). Rates in 2015 were highest among those aged 35 years or older, public insurance recipients, and non-Hispanic white women (greater than 31/1,000). The highest annual rate increases were in Vermont and Maine (3.8/1,000 or greater). Non-Hispanic white women, those 35 years of age or older, and public insurance recipients showed the highest annual rate increases during 2000–2015 (1.7/1,000 or greater).

CONCLUSION:
During 2000–2015, rates of depressive disorders recorded during delivery hospitalizations increased nationally, in 27 states with available data, and across all sociodemographic categories.
Treat-to-target in axial spondyloarthritis: gold standard or fools’ gold?
Authors: Machado Pedro M. , Deodhar Atul 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of review
Treat-to-target (T2T) is an emerging management strategy in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The concept was originally based on evidence from other chronic conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes and hypothyroidism, as well as some rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout. The purpose of this review is to discuss the arguments against and in favour of adopting a T2T strategy in the management of axSpA.

Recent findings
International groups have recommended a T2T strategy in axSpA. Inactive disease according to the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) has been suggested as a potential target. Achievement of ASDAS inactive disease has been associated with less progression of radiographic damage in several studies. Evidence for the benefit of a T2T approach has been published in psoriatic arthritis, a form of spondyloarthritis.

Summary
Observational evidence suggests that a T2T approach might be beneficial in axSpA. However, data from a prospective randomized study proving the efficacy of a T2T strategy compared to routine care are still lacking. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of such strategy in clinical practice also needs to be tested. The target will need to be useful and feasible in both clinical practice and clinical trials.
Optimizing the Host in Fracture Surgery
Authors: Bergin Patrick F. , Tarkin Ivan S. , Kempton Lawrence B. , Sagi H. Claude , Hsu Joseph , Archdeacon Michael T. 
Published: May 2019

Summary:
Multiple factors impact fracture healing; thus, endocrine optimization and nutritional optimization warrant investigation in the acute fracture and nonunion patient. This article presents current evidence regarding the role of the endocrinologists and the dietician in the fracture patient as well as the most recent data assessing the vitamin D axis in these populations. Similarly, the most recent information regarding the use and risks of NSAIDs in fracture healing are presented. The fracture surgeon must consider each individual patient and weigh the benefits versus the costs of host optimization.