bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemia Incidence and Factors Associated in a Cohort of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Hospitalized in General Ward Treated With Basal Bolus Insulin Regimen Assessed by Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Gómez Ana María , Imitola Madero Angélica , Henao Carrillo Diana Cristina , Rondón Martín , Muñoz Oscar Mauricio , Robledo Maria Alejandra , Rebolledo Martín , García Jaramillo Maira , León Vargas Fabian , Umpierrez Guillermo 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a better tool to detect hyper and hypoglycemia than capillary point of care in insulin-treated patients during hospitalization. We evaluated the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with basal bolus insulin regimen using CGM and factors associated with hypoglycemia. Methods: Post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study. Hypoglycemia was documented in terms of incidence rate and percentage of time <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) and <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Factors evaluated included glycemic variability analyzed during the first 6 days of basal bolus therapy. Results: A total of 34 hospitalized patients with T2D in general ward were included, with admission A1c of 9.26 ± 2.62% (76.8 ± 13 mmol/mol) and mean blood glucose of 254 ± 153 mg/dL. There were two events of hypoglycemia below 54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L) and 11 events below 70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) with an incidence of hypoglycemic events of 0.059 and 0.323 per patient, respectively. From second to fifth day of treatment the percentage of time in range (140-180 mg/dL, 7.8-10.0 mmol/L) increased from 72.1% to 89.4%. Factors related to hypoglycemic events <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) were admission mean glucose (IRR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79, 0.95, P < .01), glycemic variability measured as CV (IRR 3.12, 95% CI 1.33, 7.61, P < .01) and SD, and duration of stay. Conclusions: Basal bolus insulin regimen is effective and the overall incidence of hypoglycemia detected by CGM is low in hospitalized patients with T2D. Increased glycemic variability as well as the decrease in mean glucose were associated with events <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L).
A Systematic Review of Exposure to Bisphenol A from Dental Treatment
Authors: Marzouk T. , Sathyanarayana S. , Kim A.S. , Seminario A.L. , McKinney C.M. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Dental composite restorations and dental sealants containing bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) are commonly used materials in dentistry. Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture BisGMA and can be a by-product in BisGMA-based dental materials. BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that may affect reproductive, psychological, cognitive, and endocrine-related health. We conducted a systematic review of clinical studies that measured urinary BPA (uBPA) concentrations before and after dental treatment to evaluate the extent to which individuals are exposed to BPA from dental treatment. Methods: Eligibility included studies that measured uBPA concentrations before and after dental treatment with any type of resin-based dental material. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Clinical Trials with no date or language restrictions to identify published studies. We summarized eligible studies across participant characteristics, amount of treatment, and time of follow-up measures. Because methods of measuring uBPA varied, our primary outcome was the direction and percentage change between baseline and 24 h posttreatment and at later time points as available. Results: We identified 1,190 abstracts and 7 eligible studies: 4 in children and 3 in adults. In all studies, BPA concentrations increased 24 h after treatment. The 2 studies with the largest sample sizes found statistically significant increases >40% in uBPA concentrations at 24 h posttreatment (both P values <0.01). The 1 study to examine uBPA concentrations beyond 1 mo posttreatment found that concentrations returned to baseline by 14 d after treatment and remained at baseline 6 mo after treatment. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that uBPA concentrations increase 24 h after dental treatment. One study showed that uBPA concentrations return to baseline by 14 d. Additional research is needed to determine the magnitude of change from pre– to post–dental treatment and the trajectory of uBPA concentrations posttreatment. Knowledge Transfer Statement: BPA is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that may have negative human health effects. Our findings suggest that urinary BPA concentrations increase in the short term after dental treatment. The extent to which such an increase may affect the health of patients remains an open question, particularly since there are no established thresholds for safety or harm related to BPA exposure.
Questioning Authority
Authors: Billey Amber , Drabinski Emily 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
When a library adds a book to its collection, it adds a surrogate record for that book in the library's catalog. To get this record the library will either download it or create a record for the book from an international bibliographic record database. Authors have records too. These are known as name authority records. Recently the standards for creating these records changed to allow library catalogers to record more personal information about authors in authority records. This includes information about gender. There began a collective effort by a handful of catalogers to revise the new instructions so that binary gender was not encoded into the metadata of library records. This paper outlines the developments, results, and implications of this work.
Kontrazeption und venöse Thromboembolie
Authors: Rott H. 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungEtwa 20 Millionen Frauen befinden sich aktuell im reproduktiven Alter. Ein Drittel von ihnen wendet kombinierte hormonelle Kontrazeptiva an (KHK), welche meist aus Ethinylestradiol und einem synthetischen Gestagen bestehen. Das Grundrisiko für venöse Thromboembolien (VTE) für Frauen im reproduktiven Alter ist gering, steigt aber deutlich an durch Anwendung von KHK oder auch in der Schwangerschaft/Wochenbett. Dies gilt auch für nichtorale KHK. Hierdurch haben junge Frauen ein merklich höheres VTE Risiko als Männer bis zum Alter von 35 Jahren, danach gleicht sich das VTE-Risiko zwischen den Geschlechtern an. Die Erhöhung des VTE Risikos hängt vom verwendeten KHK ab. Ältere KHK mit Norgestimat oder Levonorgestrel als Gestagen haben ein niedrigeres VTE-Risiko als neuere KHK. In vielen internationalen Leitlinien gelten daher mittlerweile die älteren KHK als erste Wahl. Neuere KHK sollten daher nur noch verordnet werden, wenn besondere Gründe hierfür vorliegen. Das VTE-Risiko von KHK mit Estradiol bzw. Estradiolvalerat statt EE ist noch unklar durch fehlende Datenlage. Die Anwendung von rein gestagenhaltiger Kontrazeption erhöht das VTE-Risiko nicht signifikant mit Ausnahme von Depot-Medroxyprogesteronacetat (DMPA). Die Notfallkontrazeption („Pille danach”), welche keine Östrogene enthalten, sondern nur Levonorgestrel bzw. Ulipristalacetat erhöhen das VTERisiko nicht. Orale reine Gestagenkontrazeptiva (mit Desogestrel oder Levonorgestrel), Intrauterine Kontrazeption und Etonogestrel Implantate sind die Verhütungsmittel der Wahl bei Frauen mit erhöhtem VTE-Risiko. Ein Thrombophilie-Screening ist nicht bei jeder Frau indiziert mit Kontrazeptionswunsch. Diese Testung sollte limitiert werden z.B. auf Frauen mit positiver VTE Eigenanamnese oder auf Frauen mit VTE-Fällen in jungen Jahren unter 50 in der nächsten Verwandtschaft.
Broad-spectrum capture of clinical pathogens using engineered Fc-mannose-binding lectin enhanced by antibiotic treatment
Authors: Seiler Benjamin T. , Cartwright Mark , Dinis Alexandre L. M. , Duffy Shannon , Lombardo Patrick , Cartwright David , Super Elana H. , Lanzaro Jacqueline , Dugas Kristen , Super Michael , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: January 2019

Background:Fc-mannose-binding lectin (FcMBL), an engineered version of the blood opsonin MBL that contains the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and flexible neck regions of MBL fused to the Fc portion of human IgG1, has been shown to bind various microbes and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). FcMBL has also been used to create an enzyme-linked lectin sorbent assay (ELLecSA) for use as a rapid (<1 h) diagnostic of bloodstream infections.Methods:Here we extended this work by using the ELLecSA to test FcMBL’s ability to bind to more than 190 different isolates from over 95 different pathogen species.Results:FcMBL bound to 85% of the isolates and 97 of the 112 (87%) different pathogen species tested, including bacteria, fungi, viral antigens and parasites. FcMBL also bound to PAMPs including, lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, as well as lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and phosphatidylinositol mannoside 6 (PIM6) fromMycobacterium tuberculosis.Conclusions:The efficiency of pathogen detection and variation between binding of different strains of the same species could be improved by treating the bacteria with antibiotics, or mechanical disruption using a bead mill, prior to FcMBL capture to reveal previously concealed binding sites within the bacterial cell wall. As FcMBL can bind to pathogens and PAMPs in urine as well as blood, its broad-binding capability could be leveraged to develop a variety of clinically relevant technologies, including infectious disease diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.
Anaemia in solitary acyanotic ventricular septal defect in comorbid with pneumonia or pulmonary hypertension: A retrospective study of 75 paediatric cases
Authors: Changwe Geoffrey Joseph , Zhang Haizhou , Li Hongxin , Farhaj Zeeshan , Tewara Marlvin Anemey , Zhang Wenlong , Zou Chengwei 
Published: January 2019

Background: Ventricular septal defects (VSD) are the second commonest congenital heart defects after bicuspid aortic valve. When left unrepaired, they can undergo spontaneous closure or elicit a spectrum of complications including pneumonia (PNA) or pulmonary hypertension (PH) with subsequent anaemia. In this retrospective study, we aim to establish and compare the prevalence of anaemia in patients with solitary acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH. Methods: A total of 75 case files of patients with solitary acyanotic VSD, who underwent surgical closure or device occlusion had haemoglobin level analysed prior to the procedure. The cohort included patients with (history of) PNA and PH, and asymptomatic. The cohort included 27 females and 48 males with mean age and weight of 8.3±5.72 (3-24) months and 5.9±3.9 (2.7-17.8) kilograms, respectively. Depending on associated complication and age, the cohort was divided: PNA (A), PH (B) and Control (C); and (I) young children (≥3-6≤) and (II) older children (>6-≤24) months. We used 95 and 105 grams per litre as haemoglobin lower threshold level for (I) and (II), respectively. Results: According to data analysis 27 patients (36%) in total had anaemia. Of the anaemia cohort 16 (59.3%) had PNA, 9 (33.3%) PH and 2 (7.4%) were asymptomatic. Of the cohort, 42 were young children, with anaemia prevalence of 19/42 (45.2%), while 24.2% of the older children had anaemia. Intergroup ANOVA independent sample t-test was significant (p<0.05). In addition, intergroup Tukey HSD test for haemoglobin: A/B (p>0.05), A/C (p<0.01), B/C (p<0.01). Conclusion: Paediatric patients with acyanotic VSD in comorbid with PNA or PH are 8 and 4 times more susceptible to develop anaemia compared to asymptomatic counterparts. Susceptibility is even higher among young children (3-6months). However, a prospective study is needed to validate our findings.
Potencial mineral de la Amazonia: problemas y desafíos
Authors: G. Cordani Umberto , Juliani Caetano 
Published: January 2019

Los bienes minerales son imprescindibles para la humanidad desde los inicios de la civilización, y los recursos minerales serán siempre necesarios, y en una proporción cada vez mayor. La Amazonia, cerca de la mitad del territorio brasileño, representa la última frontera mineral importante del planeta. La región posee un potencial minero enorme, poco aprovechado. Se están probando nuevos modelos para la formación de depósitos minerales, existiendo la posibilidad de que en un futuro la Amazonia se caracterice como una província mineral productora de cobre, molibdeno y oro. Los principales recursos minerales que están siendo explotados, especialmente en la región de la Sierra de los Carajás, incluyen oro, cobre, níquel, manganeso y, principalmente, hierro. Por otro lado, a pesar de albergar menos del 10% de las minas brasileñas, la Amazonia es responsable de cerca del 30% del valor global de la producción mineral del país. Las actividades depredadoras de miles de garimpeiros, dispersos en áreas enormes y poco pobladas, perjudican a los ríos amazónicos y a la floresta tropical. Por otro lado, la minería organizada, que opera a gran escala, propicia grandes ingresos, aunque ocupe un reducido espacio de terreno. El caso de la Floresta de Carajás (FLONA) es emblemático donde la minería organizada y sostenible ha protegido de la deforestación a toda el área, que permanece íntegramente preservada, mientras que el entorno de la región ha sido devastado por la agricultura y la ocupación humana.
Noninvasive Tests for Prognosticating Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease in Pregnancy: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Kushner Tatyana , Sarkar Monika , Tran Tram 
Published: January 2019

Abstract:
Rates of cirrhosis and pregnancy in women of reproductive age are increasing, making pregnancy-specific prognostic markers of disease severity increasingly important. Gonsalkorala et al. describe albumin-bilirubin score and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index as superior prognostic tools to the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score in predicting live births and gestation beyond 37 weeks in pregnant women with cirrhosis, among 165 pregnancies in women with chronic liver disease. However, further efforts are needed to identify diagnostic and prognostic tools during pregnancy, as well as to refine and implement a multidisciplinary team-centered approach to the care of women with chronic liver disease during pregnancy.
Variation of the contents of biphenyl structures in lignins among wood species
Authors: Hirayama Haruka , Akiyama Takuya , Tamai Akari , Nawawi Deded S. , Syafii Wasrin , Yokoyama Tomoya , Matsumoto Yuji 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Biphenyl structures (5–5 linkages) are one of the significant structural units in plant cell wall lignin. They can potentially play a role in providing branch points in lignins and influence the polymer structure of lignins. Variation of the biphenyl content was investigated for 21 wood species by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation. The total yields of biphenyl-type products were similar among the six softwoods, and at least 6% of the phenylpropanoid units in lignin were involved in the biphenyl structures (>0.06 per C6-C3). The biphenyl product yield of the 15 hardwoods ranged widely (0.002–0.05 per C6-C3) and was lower in species having a higher syringyl/guaiacyl ratio (i.e. a species with less guaiacyl units). In addition, the proportion of biphenyl products in all guaiacyl-type products was not constant but decreased as the proportion of syringyl units increased. This indicates that the content of guaiacyl units is not likely the only factor influencing the biphenyl content.
On conjugacy of GGS-groups
Authors: Petschick Jan Moritz 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Each GGS-group on the p-adic tree is defined by a

(

p
-
1

)

{{(p-1)}}

-tuple of integers modulo p, called the defining tuple. It is proved that two GGS-groups are conjugate (equivalently, by a theorem of Grigorchuk and Wilson, isomorphic) in the automorphism group of the tree if and only if their defining tuples can be transformed into each other by multiplication by an integer modulo p and performing certain reorderings of the tuple. Finally, the number of isomorphism classes of GGS-groups is calculated.
Galois connections between sets of paths and closure operators in simple graphs
Authors: Šlapal Josef 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor every positive integer n,we introduce and discuss an isotone Galois connection between the sets of paths of lengths n in a simple graph and the closure operators on the (vertex set of the) graph. We consider certain sets of paths in a particular graph on the digital line Z and study the closure operators associated, in the Galois connection discussed, with these sets of paths. We also focus on the closure operators on the digital plane Z2 associated with a special product of the sets of paths considered and show that these closure operators may be used as background structures on the plane for the study of digital images.
Talking green and acting green are two different things: An experimental investigation of the relationship between implicit and explicit attitudes and low carbon consumer choice
Authors: McGuire Laura , Beattie Geoffrey 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
One major assumption in the climate change debate is that because respondents report positive attitudes to the environment and to low carbon lifestyles they will subsequently engage in environmentally friendly/low carbon behaviors when given the right guidance or information. Many governmental agencies have based their climate change strategy on this basic assumption, despite some anxiety about the value-action gap in psychology more generally. Here we test this assumption. We investigated the relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes to carbon footprint, and both self-reports of environmental behavior and low carbon behavioral choices. We found that self-reported attitudes to carbon footprint were significantly associated only with self-reported environmental and self-reported low-carbon behaviors. They were not significantly associated with the choice of low carbon alternatives in a simulated shopping task. Given that the vast majority of studies on attitudes and behavior in the environmental domain use self-report measures of behavior, this may mean that we are generating research findings that could be making policy makers overly complacent about our readiness for actual behavior change. Implicit attitudes were not significantly associated with either measure in terms of group comparisons, but those with a strong positive implicit attitude towards low carbon did choose more low carbon items, but only under time pressure. The opposite trend was found for explicit attitudes – this increased only when participants were not under time pressure. These results suggest that Kahneman’s hypothesis about contrasting systems of human cognition might be highly relevant to the domain of climate change and behavioral adaptation.
Altered DNA Methylation in the Developing Brains of Rats Genetically Prone to High versus Low Anxiety
Authors: McCoy Chelsea R. , Glover Matthew E. , Flynn Leigh T. , Simmons Rebecca K. , Cohen Joshua L. , Ptacek Travis , Lefkowitz Elliot J. , Jackson Nateka L. , Akil Huda , Wu Xiaowei , Clinton Sarah M. 
Published: January 2019

There is growing evidence of abnormal epigenetic processes playing a role in the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders, although the precise nature of these anomalies remains largely unknown. To study neurobiological (including epigenetic) factors that influence emotionality, we use rats bred for distinct behavioral responses to novelty. Rats bred for low novelty response (low responder [LR]) exhibit high levels of anxiety- and depressive-like behavior compared with high novelty responder (HR) rats. Prior work revealed distinct limbic brain development in HR versus LR rats, including altered expression of genes involved in DNA methylation. This led us to hypothesize that DNA methylation differences in the developing brain drive the disparate HR/LR neurobehavioral phenotypes. Here we report altered DNA methylation markers (altered DNA methyltransferase protein levels and increased global DNA methylation levels) in the early postnatal amygdala of LR versus HR male rats. Next-generation sequencing methylome profiling identified numerous differentially methylated regions across the genome in the early postnatal HR/LR amygdala. We also contrasted methylation profiles of male HRs and LRs with a control rat strain that displays an intermediate behavioral phenotype relative to the HR/LR extremes; this revealed that the LR amygdalar methylome was abnormal, with the HR profile more closely resembling that of the control group. Finally, through two methylation manipulations in early life, we found that decreasing DNA methylation in the developing male and female amygdala improves adult anxiety- and depression-like behavior. These findings suggest that inborn DNA methylation differences play important roles in shaping brain development and lifelong emotional behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEpigenetic changes are biological mechanisms that regulate the expression and function of genes throughout the brain and body. DNA methylation, one type of epigenetic mechanism, is known to be altered in brains of psychiatric patients, which suggests a role for DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. The present study examines brains of rats that display high versus low levels of anxiety- and depression-like behavior to investigate how neural DNA methylation levels differ in these animals and how such differences shape their emotional behavioral differences. Studying how epigenetic processes affect emotional behavior may improve our understanding of the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders and lead to improved treatments.
Presynaptic α2δ-2 Calcium Channel Subunits Regulate Postsynaptic GABAAReceptor Abundance and Axonal Wiring
Authors: Geisler Stefanie , Schöpf Clemens L. , Stanika Ruslan , Kalb Marcus , Campiglio Marta , Repetto Daniele , Traxler Larissa , Missler Markus , Obermair Gerald J. 
Published: January 2019

Presynaptic α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels regulate channel abundance and are involved in glutamatergic synapse formation. However, little is known about the specific functions of the individual α2δ isoforms and their role in GABAergic synapses. Using primary neuronal cultures of embryonic mice of both sexes, we here report that presynaptic overexpression of α2δ-2 in GABAergic synapses strongly increases clustering of postsynaptic GABAARs. Strikingly, presynaptic α2δ-2 exerts the same effect in glutamatergic synapses, leading to a mismatched localization of GABAARs. This mismatching is caused by an aberrant wiring of glutamatergic presynaptic boutons with GABAergic postsynaptic positions. The trans-synaptic effect of α2δ-2 is independent of the prototypical cell-adhesion molecules α-neurexins (α-Nrxns); however, α-Nrxns together with α2δ-2 can modulate postsynaptic GABAAR abundance. Finally, exclusion of the alternatively spliced exon 23 of α2δ-2 is essential for the trans-synaptic mechanism. The novel function of α2δ-2 identified here may explain how abnormal α2δ subunit expression can cause excitatory–inhibitory imbalance often associated with neuropsychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVoltage-gated calcium channels regulate important neuronal functions such as synaptic transmission. α2δ subunits modulate calcium channels and are emerging as regulators of brain connectivity. However, little is known about how individual α2δ subunits contribute to synapse specificity. Here, we show that presynaptic expression of a single α2δ variant can modulate synaptic connectivity and the localization of inhibitory postsynaptic receptors. Our findings provide basic insights into the development of specific synaptic connections between nerve cells and contribute to our understanding of normal nerve cell functions. Furthermore, the identified mechanism may explain how an altered expression of calcium channel subunits can result in aberrant neuronal wiring often associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism or schizophrenia.