bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual excitatory and smooth muscle‐relaxant effect of β‐phenylethylamine on gastric fundus strips in rats
Authors: Batista‐Lima Francisco José , Rodrigues Felipe Macário dos Santos , Gadelha Kalinne Kelly Lima , Oliveira Daniel Maia Nogueira de , Carvalho Emanuella Feitosa , Oliveira Tatyanne Linhares , Nóbrega Fernanda Carlos , Brito Teresinha Silva , Magalhães Pedro Jorge Caldas 
Published: September 2018

Summaryβ‐Phenylethylamine (β‐PEA) is a trace amine with chemical proximity to biogenic amines and amphetamines. It is an endogenous agonist of trace amine‐associated receptors (TAARs) that acts as a neuromodulator of classic neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. At high concentrations, β‐PEA contracts smooth muscle, and a role for TAARs in these responses has been postulated. The high dietary intake of trace amines has been associated with such symptoms as hypertension and migraine, especially after the intake of foods containing such compounds. In gastrointestinal tissues, TAAR expression was reported, although the effect of β‐PEA on gastric contractile behaviour is unknown. Here, isolated strips that were obtained from the rat gastric fundus were stimulated with high micromolar concentrations of β‐PEA. Under resting tonus, β‐PEA induced contractions. In contrast, when the strips were previously contracted with KCl, a relaxant response to β‐PEA was observed. The contractile effect of β‐PEA was inhibited by 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) receptor antagonists (i.e., cyproheptadine and ketanserin) but not by the TAAR1 antagonist EPPTB. In gastric fundus strips that were previously contracted with 80 mmol/L KCl, the relaxant effect of β‐PEA intensified in the presence of 5‐HT receptor antagonists, which was inhibited by EPPTB and the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor MDL‐12,330A. The guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ did not alter the relaxant effects of β‐PEA. In conclusion, β‐PEA exerted dual contractile and relaxant effects on rat gastric fundus. The contractile effect appeared to involve the recruitment of 5‐HT receptors, and the relaxant effect of β‐PEA on KCl‐elicited contractions likely involved TAAR1.
Ochronosis Presenting as Methemoglobinemia
Authors: Hugar Sarah B. , Shulman Joshua , Yanta Joseph , Nine Jeffrey 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOchronosis is the blue‐gray discoloration of collagen‐containing tissues due to homogentisic acid (HGA) deposition, secondary to endogenous alkaptonuria or exogenous enzyme inhibition. In renal disease, accumulation of HGA in serum can cause methemoglobinemia. A 60‐year‐old woman with renal disease and anemia presented with 3 days of weakness and months of gray skin discoloration. Her hemoglobin was 8.1g/dl with 24.5% methemoglobin. Despite treatment with methylene blue, exchange transfusion, and continuous renal replacement therapy, the patient died. Autopsy revealed gray discoloration and ochronotic pigment in the ribs and cartilage. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with ochronosis, suggestive of alkaptonuria, complicated by methemoglobinemia. The differential diagnosis for blue‐gray skin discoloration includes argyria, methemoglobinemia, and ochronosis. This patient's clinical and autopsy findings suggested alkaptonuria complicated by methemoglobinemia due to progressive renal dysfunction. Development of methemoglobinemia in the setting of chronic skin discoloration and renal failure should prompt consideration of alkaptonuria.
Early Signs of Fracture Repair in the Human Rib Cage: Implications for Forensic Casework
Authors: Rubin Katie M. , Stock Michala K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe decomposed body of a woman discovered beneath a collapsed structure was examined at the C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory. Despite a mix of rib fractures with and without indications of healing, it is most likely that all fractures occurred as a result of a single, compressive event. Signs of intramembranous, and possibly direct, fracture healing at the incomplete fractures without signs of endochondral ossification at the complete fractures suggest the individual died very shortly—but not immediately—after injury. Given the case circumstances, the findings inform immediate cause of death. This case study highlights that differential healing as a result of a single event is possible. Further, it illustrates the importance of careful examination of micro‐discontinuities/cracks that can occur in association with major fractures. Fracture healing and dating data are discussed, as is the possible need for critical evaluation of the antemortem/perimortem boundary.
Oropharyngeal leak pressure of the LMA Protector™ vs the LMA Supreme™; a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Moser Berthold , Keller Christian , Audigé Laurent , Bruppacher Heinz R. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundClinical characteristics such as oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) and ventilation peak pressure are important factors for successful use of supraglottic airway devices in general anaesthesia. We hypothesized that the LMA Protector™ compared to the LMA Supreme™ may develop a higher OLP, which could be of clinical significance.MethodsNinety‐six patients were randomized to the LMA Protector™ or LMA Supreme™ groups. We measured oropharyngeal leak pressure within 5 minutes after insertion of the supraglottic airway device with a standardized cuff pressure at 60 cm H2O. Secondary parameters, such as insertion time of the supraglottic airway device, the number of attempts inserting the supraglottic airway device and the gastric tube, volume of gastric contents, and maximum airway pressure, as well as pulse oximetry throughout the operation were measured. Further, blood staining after removal of the supraglottic airway device and postoperative airway morbidity 3 hours after surgery were determined.ResultsThe mean difference of oropharyngeal leak pressure was 5.2 (95% CI 2.8‐7.6), ie, 30.9 (7.4) cmH2O for the LMA Protector™ vs 25.6 (4.4) cmH2O for the LMA Supreme™ (P < 0.001; mean(SD)). Similarly, there was a mean difference between OLP and maximal ventilation peak pressure 5.6 (95% CI 3.1‐8.2) ie 19.6 (7.7) cmH2O for the LMA Protector™ vs 14.0 (4.4) cmH2O for the LMA Supreme™ (P < 0.001). No difference was found between the groups for other secondary parameters, as well as postoperative airway morbidity.ConclusionThe LMA Protector™ enabled a higher OLP compared to the LMA Supreme™. This finding may be important for patients requiring a higher peak pressure for sufficient supraglottic airway device ventilation.
Hawks, Doves, and Peace: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Mattes Michaela , Weeks Jessica L. P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn old adage holds that “only Nixon could go to China”; that is, hawkish leaders face fewer domestic barriers than doves when it comes to pursuing reconciliation with foreign enemies. However, empirical evidence for this proposition is mixed. In this article, we clarify competing theories, elucidate their implications for public opinion, and describe the results of a series of survey experiments designed to evaluate whether and why there is a hawk's advantage. We find that hawks are indeed better positioned domestically to initiate rapprochement than doves. We also find support for two key causal mechanisms: Voters are more confident in rapprochement when it is pursued by a hawk and are more likely to view hawks who initiate conciliation as moderates. Further, the hawk's advantage persists whether conciliatory efforts end in success or failure. Our microfoundational evidence thus suggests a pronounced domestic advantage for hawks who deliver the olive branch.
Remission of proteinuria in multidrug‐resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome following immunoglobulin immunoadsorption
Authors: Nattes Elodie , Karaa Danièle , Dehoux Laurène , Peuchmaur Michel , Kwon Theresa , Deschênes Georges 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimComplete or partial resistance to prednisone and calcineurin inhibitors in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome often leads to end‐stage renal disease. The aim of the study was to report the outcome of patients with multidrug‐resistant nephrotic syndrome treated with an association of immunoglobulin immunoadsorption, intravenous immunoglobulins and B‐cell depletion.MethodsAt treatment initiation, patients received ten sessions of immunoglobulin immunoadsorption and intravenous immunoglobulins in two weeks followed by one rituximab in case of remission.ResultsA remission of proteinuria was obtained in nine out of 14 patients at the end of the initial phase and in two additional patients after an extended period. The remission was stable in three patients and after additional IgIA and heavy immunosuppression in six. Two patients that initially responded relapsed after IgIA withdrawal and remained with an uncontrolled disease at last follow‐up. Three patients did not respond to the treatment including two who were found to have a genetic podocytopathy.ConclusionPatients with multidrug‐resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome can be successfully led into remission by IgIA prior to reaching end‐stage renal disease. However, IgIA does not suppress the need for heavy additional immunosuppression to control INS in most cases.
Clustering of Lifestyle Risk Factors in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Prevalence and Change after the First Event
Authors: Monzani Dario , D'Addario Marco , Fattirolli Francesco , Giannattasio Cristina , Greco Andrea , Quarenghi Francesco , Steca Patrizia 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundHealthy lifestyles are modifiable risk factors for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) onset and recurrence. While unhealthy lifestyles tend to cluster together within the general healthy population, little is known about the prevalence and clustering of these behaviours in people with ACS before and after the first acute event. The aim of this study was to identify lifestyle profiles of patients with ACS and to explore their change after their first coronary event.MethodsThree hundred and fifty‐six patients completed self‐report measures of healthy habits at the beginning of cardiac rehabilitation and 6 months later. By adopting a person‐oriented approach, we analysed lifestyle clustering and its change over time. Differences in depression, anxiety, and negative illness perception among lifestyle profiles were assessed.ResultsWe identified seven profiles, ranging from more maladaptive to healthier clusters. Findings showed a strong interrelation among unhealthy habits in patients. We highlighted a moderate individual and group stability of cluster membership over time. Moreover, unhealthier lifestyle profiles were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and negative illness perception.ConclusionThese results may have implications for the development and implementation of multimodal interventions addressing wider‐ranging improvement in lifestyles by targeting multiple unhealthy behaviours in patients with ACS.
Promoting Youth Mental Health via Text‐Messages: A New Zealand Feasibility Study
Authors: Arps Emily R. , Friesen Myron D. , Overall Nickola C. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundA growing body of research has documented the positive effects of gratitude programs on participants’ mental health and well‐being. For children and adolescents, these programs typically rely on school‐based group designs tied with a health curriculum, whereas innovative technology‐based programs are relatively understudied.MethodsThis experiment investigated the feasibility and efficacy of a gratitude text‐messaging program for promoting adolescent mental health relative to a positive reflective control condition.ResultsYoung people showed positive changes over the course of the program in their general sense of gratitude, subjective well‐being, and reduced depressive symptoms, with some evidence that those with higher levels of depressive symptoms benefited more from the gratitude program. However, there were no significant differences across the two groups in the magnitude of these mental health changes. Participants in both conditions valued and were highly engaged with the interactive text‐messaging approach.ConclusionThis interactive e‐health promotion strategy seemed to promote strong engagement and showed promising effectiveness with young people, with some challenges to feasibility due to the labor intensive nature of sending and responding to a large number of text‐messages. The importance of carefully considering risk management strategies when developing such programs was also highlighted.
The house dust mite allergen Der p 5 binds lipid ligands and stimulates airway epithelial cells through a TLR2‐dependent pathway
Authors: Pulsawat Pinya , Soongrung Tewarit , Satitsuksanoa Pattraporn , Le Mignon Maxime , Khemili Souad , Gilis Dimitri , Nony Emmanuel , Kennedy Malcolm W. , Jacquet Alain 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundProtein crystallographic studies suggest that the house dust mite (HDM) allergen Der p 5 potentially interacts with hydrophobic ligands. Der p 5, in association with its ligand(s), might therefore trigger innate immune signalling pathways in the airway epithelium and influence the initiation of the HDM‐allergic response.ObjectiveWe investigated the lipid binding propensities of recombinant (r)Der p 5 and characterized the signalling pathways triggered by the allergen in airway epithelial cells.MethodsrDer p 5 was produced in Pichia pastoris and characterized by mass spectrometry, multi‐angle light scattering and circular dichroism. Its interactions with hydrophobic ligands were investigated in fluorescence‐based lipid binding assays and in‐silico docking simulations. Innate immune signalling pathways triggered by rDer p 5 were investigated in airway epithelial cell activation assays in vitro.ResultsBiophysical analysis showed that rDer p 5 was monomeric and adopted a similar α‐helix‐rich fold at both physiological and acidic pH. Spectrofluorimetry experiments showed that rDer p 5 is able to selectively bind lipid ligands, but only under mild acidic pH conditions. Computer‐based docking simulations identified potential binding sites for these ligands. This allergen, with putatively associated lipid(s), triggered the production of IL‐8 in respiratory epithelial cells through a TLR2‐, NF‐kB‐ and MAPK‐dependent signalling pathway.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceDespite the fact that Der p 5 represents a HDM allergen of intermediate prevalence, our findings regarding its lipid binding and activation of TLR2 indicate that it could participate in the initiation of the HDM‐allergic state.
The relationship between clinical and biochemical characteristics and quality of life in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Amiri Mina , Bidhendi Yarandi Razieh , Nahidi Fatemeh , Tohidi Maryam , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground and objectiveWhile has been well demonstrated that clinical characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with an impaired quality of life (QoL) in patients, it is unclear that whether the biochemical aspects of PCOS can influence their QoL. We aimed to investigate the relationship between clinical and biochemical characteristics, and various domains of QoL in patients with PCOS.DesignA cross‐sectional study.Patients and MeasurementsWe assessed the association between clinical and biochemical characteristics and QoL domains (psychosocial–emotional, fertility, sexual function, and obesity–menstrual) in a total of 211 women with PCOS using a specific health‐related quality‐of‐life questionnaire for PCOS patients.ResultsOur findings showed positive significant association of QoL with age, and its negative significant associations with BMI, hirsutism and infertility (P < 0.05). We also found a negative association between FAI and total QoL (r = −0.14; P = 0.042) and domains of hirsutism (r = −0.14; P = 0.045) and obesity–menstrual (r = −0.23; P = 0.001). DHEAS was positively associated with the sexual function aspect of QoL (r = 0.20; P = 0.043). There were no significant associations between QoL and other hormonal parameters including LH to FSH ratio and total testosterone (tT). Significant associations were found between triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL and HDL cholesterol, and domain of obesity–menstrual of QoL. HOMA‐IR was significantly related to all QoL domains except self‐image and hirsutism.ConclusionAlthough biochemical markers can influence QoL in patients with PCOS, clinical manifestations of this syndrome such as obesity, infertility and hirsutism seem to play roles in worsening QoL, in particular for psychosocial domains. Hence, clinicians should regularly assess the clinical and psychosocial dimensions of PCOS as well as biochemical aspects.
A retrospective study of an alternative technique for implant repositioning in the maxillary esthetic region
Authors: Osterne Rafael Lima Verde , Nogueira Renato Luiz Maia , Abreu Ricardo Teixeira , Cavalcante Roberta Barroso , Medeiros Érica Amaral , Mello Manoel de Jesus Rodrigues 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundImplant‐bone block segment repositioning may be an option of treatment for patients with vertical alveolar bone atrophy.PurposeTo assess implant‐bone block movement, gingival outcome and the subjective appreciation of patients after an alternative treatment of an implant‐bone block segment repositioning in the maxillary esthetic region.Materials and MethodsPatients who underwent implant‐bone block segment relocation in areas of vertical alveolar bone atrophy in the anterior esthetic region were assessed. The outcome measures were implant failure, complications after initial loading, vertical bone augmentation, papilla index, width of the keratinized mucosa, and patient satisfaction.ResultsTwenty‐five implants in nine consecutive patients were included in this study. During the follow‐up period, only one implant failed. Vertical bone augmentation ranged from 3.0 to 8.4 mm (mean 4.9 mm). A significant improvement (P < .001) in the papilla index was observed, improving the esthetic outcome. Six patients (66.6%) had more than 2 mm of keratinized mucosa and all of the patients were satisfied with the treatment.ConclusionsThe esthetics and functional gingival outcome of oral rehabilitation in areas with vertical alveolar bone atrophy can be successfully improved with the presented technique, which had a high overall implant survival rate within a short period.
Restoring to the future: Environmental, cultural, and management trade‐offs in historical versus hybrid restoration of a highly modified ecosystem
Authors: Burnett Kimberly M. , Ticktin Tamara , Bremer Leah L. , Quazi Shimona A. , Geslani Cheryl , Wada Christopher A. , Kurashima Natalie , Mandle Lisa , Pascua Pua‘ala , Depraetere Taina , Wolkis Dustin , Edmonds Merlin , Giambelluca Thomas , Falinski Kim , Winter Kawika B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWith growing calls to scale up reforestation efforts worldwide, conservation managers increasingly must decide whether and how to restore highly altered ecosystems. However, empirical research on potential trade‐offs remains scarce. We use a Hawai'i watershed to demonstrate a collaborative, interdisciplinary approach to identifying synergies and trade‐offs associated with maintaining an unrestored forest, versus restoration to a historical or hybrid (native and non‐native plant species) state. We focused on restoration scenarios designed by conservation managers and measured ecological, hydrologic, and cultural outcomes they identified as important metrics of success. The hybrid restoration scenario maximized potential outcomes at moderate cost, and increased two rarely measured but often critical metrics to managers and communities: cultural value and resilience to disturbance. Hybrid restoration approaches developed collaboratively can provide a viable option for scaling up restoration in island ecosystems and other contexts where invasive species pose significant challenges and/or where community support is important.
Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features: An interobserver study of key cytomorphological features from a large academic medical centre
Authors: Brandler Tamar C. , Cho Margaret , Wei Xiao‐Jun , Simms Anthony , Levine Pascale , Hernandez Osvaldo , Oweity Thaira , Zhou Fang , Simsir Aylin , Rosen Lisa , Sun Wei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveBecause of the indolent nature of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) and potential requisite for a more conservative treatment, it is crucial to identify features of this entity preoperatively. Our group recently published findings that there are several cytomorphological features that may be used as clues to distinguish NIFTP, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular adenoma (FA) on fine needle aspiration. Therefore, we aimed to determine the interobserver reproducibility of these findings.MethodsPresurgical fine‐needle aspiration slides from NIFTP (n = 30), classic PTC (n = 30) and FA (n = 30) collected from 1/2013‐8/2016 were reviewed by seven cytopathologists blindly. Presence of selected cytomorphological features was recorded and compared to determine percent agreement and inter‐rater reliability among study cytopathologists using Gwet's AC1 statistics.ResultsFor all the cytomorphological features, the overall percent agreement amongst the pathologists ranged between 65.1% and 86.8% (Gwet's AC1 0.30‐0.80). There was substantial or almost perfect agreement (Gwet's AC1 > 0.60) in seven cytomorphological features in the classic PTC group, in six features in the NIFTP group and in five features in the FA group. There were no features with poor agreement (Gwet's AC1 < 0.0).ConclusionsThe current study supports the reproducibility of our previous findings. The high level of agreement amongst pathologists for these groups, and particularly the NIFTP group, supports the notion that when viewed in combination as a cytological profile, these cytomorphological features may assist the cytopathologist in raising the possibility of NIFTP preoperatively. This can potentially aid clinicians in deciding whether more conservative treatment may be appropriate.
C5a anaphylatoxin and its role in critical illness‐induced organ dysfunction
Authors: Wood Alexander J. T. , Vassallo Arlette , Summers Charlotte , Chilvers Edwin R. , Conway‐Morris Andrew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCritical illness is an aetiologically and clinically heterogeneous syndrome that is characterised by organ failure and immune dysfunction. Mortality in critically ill patients is driven by inflammation‐associated organ damage and a profound vulnerability to nosocomial infection. Both factors are influenced by the activated complement protein C5a, released by unbridled activation of the complement system during critical illness. C5a exerts deleterious effects on organ systems directly and suppresses antimicrobial functions of key immune cells. Whilst several recent reports have added key knowledge of the cellular signalling pathways triggered by C5a, there remain a number of areas that are incompletely understood and therapeutic opportunities are still being evaluated. In this review, we summarise the cellular basis for C5a‐induced vulnerability to nosocomial infection and organ dysfunction. We focus on cells of the innate immune system, highlighting the major areas in need of further research and potential avenues for targeted therapies.