bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DELIVERING QUALITY EDUCATION TO GIRLS FROM PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TRIBAL GROUPS (PVTGS) IN INDIA
Authors: Mohanty Seemita , Thamminaina Apparao , Kanungo Pallavi 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of the study: The Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) are the least developed among all the communities in India. In spite of multiple state-supported schemes to bring about positive changes in their lives, the results have been abysmally poor. This study aims at identifying the social and cultural barriers that have prevented school-going PVTG girls to participate in education and to suggest the enablers that would facilitate their level of participation in education.
Methodology: The study was conducted in Sundargarh and Mayurbhanj districts of Odisha (India) comprising four PVTGs, namely, Paudi Bhuiyan, Lodha, Hill Kharia, and Mankidia. For the selection of villages in the districts, a list of villages inhabited by these four tribes was prepared. After filtering out the populated villages, a random selection of four villages was made for each selected tribe. The study included PVTG girls in the age group of 6-14 years, and 80 girls, including both school-going students, and out-of-school girls were randomly accessed to meet the objectives of the study. A mixed-method approach was adopted to identify the barriers to participation in education. Firstly, the primary responses were collected during a five-month period from Aug-Dec, 2018 by using three separate interview schedules for the girls, their parents, and the school teachers. Data triangulation was further done through four focused group discussions (FGD) in the selected villages. The feedbacks thus received were used to prepare the proposed educational structure for the PVTG girls. Additionally, content analysis of all the audio-visual recordings collected during the fieldwork was done to enumerate the case-studies pertaining to each district.
Main Findings: The results indicate that the dropout percentage is more among students in classes VI-VII as compared to lower classes. Assisting in household work and in agricultural lands during harvest season, single-teacher schools, which are a reality in many remote schools of the districts, and predominantly male teachers in day-schools, are other hindering factors.
Applications of this study: The study holds implications for researchers and scholars working in the fields of tribal studies and education and other allied areas. It can assist the policymakers in taking corrective measures to address some of the persistent issues relating to tribal girl-child education.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The novelty of the paper lies in the proposed methodical model that takes into account the ground-level realities, which need to be addressed to enhance the tribal girls ’ participation in quality education. Neg- ative and positive influences of siblings staying and studying in the same residential schools have been identified in this study which could be taken up for further research.
Ethnic disparity in pneumonia-specific mortality among children under 5 years of age in Sichuan Province of Western China from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Luo Min , Zhao Ziling , He Linkun , Su Bingzhong , Liu Weixin , Zhang Gang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Bacground:To reveal the ethnic disparity in the pneumonia-specific mortality rates of children under the age of five years(PU5MRs) and provide suggestions regarding priority interventions to reduce preventable under-five-years-of-age deaths.
Methods: Data were obtained from the Direct Report System of Maternal and Child Health in Sichuan. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to assess the time trend. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test and Chi-square test were used to examine the differences in the PU5MRs among different groups.
Results: The PU5MRs in the minority and nonminority counties decreased by 53.73% and 42.34% from 2010 to 2017, respectively. The PU5MRs of the minority counties were 4.81 times higher than those of the nonminority counties in 2017. The proportion of pneumonia deaths to total deaths in Sichuan Province increased from 11.65% in 2010 to 15.47% in 2017. The pneumonia-specific mortality rates of children in the categories of 0-28 days, 29days-11 months, and 12-59 months were reduced by 55.13%, 38.76%, and 65.55%, respectively, in the minority counties and by 35.49%, 43.08%, and 43.74%, respectively, in the nonminority counties.
Conclusions: PU5MRs declined in Sichuan, especially in the minority counties, while ethnic disparity still exists. Priority should be given to strategies for preventing and controlling child pneumonia, especially for postneonates, in the minority counties.
Muscle building supplement use in Australian adolescent boys: Cross-sectional relationships with body image, weight lifting, and sports engagement
Authors: Yager Zali , McLean Sian A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The extent and implications of muscle building protein supplement use among adolescents is relatively unknown. We aim to present the prevalence of protein powder, creatine, and anabolic steroid use in a sample of 14-16 year-old boys in Australia, and the predictors of use, and intentions to use protein powder.
Methods: Data were obtained from questionnaires with N=237 Australian adolescent boys aged 14-16 years from one independent boy’s school in Melbourne Australia. Hierarchical linear and logistic regressions were used to determine the predictors of intentions to use, and actual use of protein powder, respectively.
Results: 49.8% of boys reported current use of, and 62% intended to use protein powder; 8.4% used creatine, and 4.2% used anabolic steroids. Higher levels of participation in drive for muscularity, weight training, and playing a greater number of sports were significant predictors of higher current use and higher intentions to use protein powder, but age, BMI, body esteem, and ethnicity were not.
Conclusions: Prevalence of muscle building supplement use was relatively high among this adolescent population. This research has implications for intervention and prevention programs to educate young boys about muscle building supplements to reduce negative physical and psychological health effects of their use.
Hepatectomy versus TILA-TACE in the treatment of Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Feng Yangyang , Jin Yun , Jin Kai , Yu Yuanquan , Zhou Donger , Wu Jianjun , Li Bin , Zhang Guangqiang , Peng Shuyou , Qi Xiaogang , Geng Hao , Guo Yinghao , Chao Ming , Li Jiangtao 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract Background: Hepatectomy and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are common treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Targeting intratumoral lactic acidosis TACE (TILA-TACE) is a new therapeutic approach developed by our team that has superior response rate and effective rate than conventional TACE (cTACE). In this randomized-controlled trial, we will compare the efficacy of hepatectomy and TILA-TACE in patients clinically diagnosed with HCC to provide reliable clinical data for the subsequent effective treatment of HCC patients. Methods: A total of 230 resectable HCC patients will be given hepatectomy or TILA-TACE using a parallel-controlled approach, and the efficacy of the treatments Page 4 of 24 will be compared. The primary endpoint is the post-treatment progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients, and the secondary endpoints are the post-treatment overall survival (OS), 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival, and the quality of life of the patients at each corresponding stage. Discussion: The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of hepatectomy and TILA-TACE in the treatment of resectable HCC. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03314532.Registered on 19 October 2017. Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatectomy, TACE, TILA-TACE, Randomized-controlled study.
TRIal to slow the Progression Of Diabetes (TRIPOD): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial using wireless technology and incentives
Authors: Lim Robyn Su May , Gardner Daphne Su Lyn , Bee Yong Mong , Cheung Yin Bun , Edwin Bairavi Joann , Gandhi Mihir , Goh Su-Yen , Ho Emily Tse Lin , Lin Xinyi , Tan Ngiap Chuan , Tay Tunn Lin , Finkelstein Eric Andrew 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Outcomes for those with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Singapore is poor. In this TRIal to slow the Progression Of Diabetes (TRIPOD), we will evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive diabetes management package (DMP), with or without a financial incentives program, M-POWER Rewards, in efforts to improve HbA1c levels for individuals with T2DM.

Methods/Design: TRIPOD is a randomized, open-labelled, controlled, multi-center, superiority trial with three parallel arms, namely (1) usual care only, (2) usual care with DMP, and (3) usual care with DMP plus M-POWER Rewards. A total of 339 adults with sub-optimally controlled T2DM (self-reported HbA1c 7.5–11.0%) will be block randomized according to a 1:1:1 allocation ratio to the three arms. The primary outcome is mean change in HbA1c level at Month 12 from baseline. Secondary outcomes include mean change in HbA1c level at Months 6, 18, and 24; mean changes at Months 6, 12, 18, and 24 in weight, blood pressure, and self-reported physical activity, weight monitoring, blood glucose monitoring, medication adherence, diabetes self-management, sleep quality, work productivity and daily activity impairment, and health utility index; and proportion of participants initiating insulin treatment by Months 6, 12, 18, and 24. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios will be computed based on costs per improvements in HbA1c at Month 12 and converted to cost per quality-adjusted life year gained.
Discussion: This study will present insights about the long-term cost-effectiveness and financial viability of the interventions and the potential for integrating within usual care.
Knowledge and attitudes towards blood donation among students of the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences at King Abdulaziz University
Authors: FELIMBAN RAED , Kabrah Saeed , Sadoun Hadeel Al , Serihi Raed Al 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess knowledge about and attitude towards blood donation among students at the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences at King Abdulaziz University. In Saudi Arabia, the shortage of blood donors is a major challenge in blood banks. This could be due to low levels of community knowledge and unfavorable attitudes.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2017 and July 2018. A total of 350 students were randomly selected and interviewed using a well-structured and validated electronic self-administered questionnaire.

Results: Among the 350 students, the mean age was 22; 345 (98.5%) of the students were Saudi Arabian. Ninety-three (26.6%) of the students had a prior experience of blood donation, while 257 (73.4%) had never donated blood before. Three-hundred-forty-nine (99.8%) of the students had a good attitude towards blood donation. The majority (86.9%) of the students had good knowledge about blood donation, while 13.1% had poor knowledge. Of the 350 students, 240 (68.6%) strongly agreed that increasing blood donation awareness could increase blood donations. Thirty-five (15.1%) of students strongly agreed that donating blood causes anemia and 54 (15.4%) strongly agreed with the statement: “Blood donation can transmit diseases”.

Conclusion: These results reflect a strong positive knowledge about and attitude towards blood donations. The negative responses from students provide a platform for a future campaign that should recruit donors and motivate them to donate blood.
Aromatase inhibitors and risk of cardiovascular events in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: He Yang , Zhang Jianhua , Shen Guofang , Liu Lin , Zhao Qingwei , Lu Xiaoyang , Yang Hongyu , Hong Dongsheng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective

Cardiovascular events (CVEs) was considered as one of the primary cause to reduce the quality of life in breast cancer patients with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) treatment, which has not been sufficiently addressed. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between risk of CVEs and AIs in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

Included studies were obtained from the databases of Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials.gov, and reference lists. The main outcome measures were overall incidence, odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Furthermore, the association and the risk differences among different tumor types, AIs, ages,or treatment regimens were conducted. Fixed-effect or random-effect models were applied in the statistical analyses according to the heterogeneity. Our analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Results

Seventeen studies, which included 44411 subjects, were included in our analyses.The overall incidence of CVEs in AIs group was 13.02% (95% CI: 8.15%–20.17%) and almost all of the high-grade CVEs occurred in patients treated with AIs. The pooled ORs of CVEs was 0.9940 (95% CI: 0.8545-1.1562). Under sub-group analysis, the incidence of CVEs related to exemestane was higher than that of controls (OR=1.1564, 95% CI: 1.0656-1.2549), but no statistical differences in risk of CVEs were found in other sub-group analysis. No evidence of publication bias was found for incidence of CVEs in our meta-analysis by a funnel plot.

Conclusions

These results suggest that patients with breast cancer treated with AIs do not have a significant risk of developing CVEs in comparison with the controls, and exemestane might not be considered as the alternative AI to the breast cancer patients from the perspective of CVEs. Further studies are recommended to investigate this association and the risk differences among different tumor types, AIs or treatment regimens.
Carteles de la droga: de Medellín a Sinaloa
Authors: Bagley Bruce 
Published: August 2019

El artículo hace un paralelo entre el caso colombiano y el caso mexicano referente al narcotrafico, la violencia y la intermediación que sufre le mismo.
Es por esta razón que el autor plantea al inicio del mismo que "recordar es vivir: la dinámica del narcotráfico obedece a reglas simples. Mercancía fácil de producir, valor agregado por la prohibición, demanda creciente, ambición y violencia sin límites de los narcotraficantes y una ruta obligada -por donde sea y como sea- de los Andes hacia Estados Unidos. La historia de Colombia se repite, pobre México".
El populismo punitivo: una mirada en Colombia
Authors: Guzmán Moya Daniela Alejandra 
Published: August 2019

Mediante el presente artículo de reflexión, se analizará y describirá qué es el populismo punitivo, las circunstancias que lo propagan y cómo se evidencia en Colombia. Este texto es de orden cualitativo, descriptivo y analítico, cuenta con estrategias de recolección de información: la revisión y el análisis documental, doctrinal y jurisprudencial, pretende definir qué es populismo punitivo, además de algunas cuestiones inherentes como lo es su incidencia en el aumento, creación y modificaciones de tipos penales.
Análisis jurídico-social de las políticas públicas sobre la protección de las minorías étnicas del Amazonas frente a los megaproyectos: caso Colombia - Brasil (2012-2014)
Authors: Guerra Cárdenas María Camila , Manosalva Reyes Paula Catalina 
Published: August 2019

La realidad de los pueblos indígenas es incierta, los medios de comunicación dicen poco de lo que en el Amazonas acontece y día a día estos pueblos aborígenes empiezan a ser partícipes de los efectos de la economía global y los efectos negativos de dicho aspecto. Las tierras ancestrales son ahora los cimientos de una nueva época en donde el respeto por la naturaleza parece secundario frente al poder de mercado y el despojo de estas tierras es solo un método de mercantilización sin cualidades humanas, cada día una persona vale mucho menos que unos pocos dólares.Las políticas públicas deberían proteger a la población civil respecto a los cambiantes contextos, además, se hace necesario que sean oportunas e integrales; por ende, su aplicación debería ser de igual naturaleza. Las políticas públicas dirigidas a los megaproyectos existen y deben ser aplicadas; el gobierno debería garantizar el cumplimiento de dichos estamentos legales para así generar unarealidad semejante entre lo escrito en un papel y lo verídico.
Improving chemical cleaning of fouled membranes in a drinking water treatment plant
Authors: Hasegawa Susumu , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Wake Naokazu , Takagi Ryosuke , Matsuyama Hideto 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Recently, membrane filtration systems have become increasingly common in drinking water treatment plants. In this industry, preventing membrane fouling is of utmost importance. Many studies on the relationship between raw water components and membrane fouling have been performed in laboratory conditions. However, very few studies have analyzed the components of foulants on the fouled membrane as operated in actual drinking water treatment plants. By analyzing these components in plant-conditions, membrane fouling will be more effectively prevented. In this study, we analyzed the components of foulants extracted with 0.1 N NaOH from a fouled membrane operated in a drinking water treatment plant in Japan. Our analysis revealed that the main foulants were humic substances. In order to dissolve the accumulated humic substances, additional chemical cleaning was attempted with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite. As a result, it was found that humic substances were dissolved and filtration resistance significantly decreased. Additionally, the removal of inorganic foulants was also greater after chemical cleaning with 500 ppm sodium hypochlorite, as inorganic foulants trapped within humic substances were released to the membrane surface as hydroxides by the additional sodium hypochlorite cleaning and were dissolved by the periodic citric acid cleaning.
Modified sorbents based on diatomites
Authors: Nguyen Viet Cong  , Korotkova Polina S. , Khanmamedova Elnara N. , Grigoryeva Larisa S. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: the quality of the air environment in the premises depends mainly on the presence of toxic chemical substances in it. An urgent task is the development and application of new efficient building materials using aggregates with high sorption capacity. The paper presents the results of a study of the influence of a low-temperature nonequilibrium plasma on the sorption characteristics of diatomite-based aggregates.
Materials and methods: the diatomites of the Irbit deposit, quartz sand were chosen as the materials under study. The study of the effect of low-temperature plasma on the change in the characteristics of modified diatomites was performed using the Raman spectrometer Senterra. The change in the sorption characteristics of diatomites was determined by the gravimetric method.
Results: plasma-modified prototypes of a diatomite-based sorbent, with higher sorption characteristics than the initial ones, were obtained. Analysis of the results obtained by the method of Raman scattering confirmed the structural change on the surface of plasma-modified samples with the formation of additional active centers and radicals.
Conclusions: modified sorbents are able to provide more efficient absorption of toxic substances in comparison with the control samples. After additional technological research, they can be recommended for introduction into the production of building materials with additional properties to ensure the regulatory requirements for the quality of the air environment in the premises.
Viscous stress tensor and stability of laminar contravortical flows
Authors: Zuikov Andrey L. , Bazhina Elena V. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: coaxial layers in contravortical flows rotate in the opposite directions. This determines their complicated spatial structure. The relevance of the subject is in the uniquely effective mixing of the moving medium. This property has a great potential of application from microbiology and missile building for obtaining highly dispersed mixtures to heat engineering for increasing the intensity of heat transfer. However, contravortical flows have a high degree of hydrodynamic instability. This hinders effective development of these technologies. Contravortical flows are observed behind Francis hydroturbines, whose derated operation causes modes with a significant increase of hydraulic unit vibrations up to destruction of the units. The purpose of the study is to identify physical laws of the contravortical flow hydrodynamics, common for both laminar and turbulent fluid flow modes.
Materials and methods: theoretical analysis of the viscous stress tensor and local stability zones of contravortical laminar flows.
Results: the article provides a mathematical description of the tensor of viscous tangential (τij) and normal (σii) stresses as well as local stability zones of the flow according to Rayleigh (Ra) and Richardson (Ri) criteria. The graphs of the radial-axial distributions of the viscous stress components are given, local stability zones are shown and the point of “vortex breakdown” is indicated. The solutions are obtained in the form of Fourier – Bessel series. The hydrodynamic structure of the flow is analysed.
Conclusions: it is established that the most significant viscous stresses are observed at the beginning of the interaction zone of contrarotating layers. It is established that the areas with the most unstable flow are localized in the flow vortex core. Three zones can be distinguished in the vortex core: a zone of weak instability with local Richardson numbers to Ri = –1, passing into a zone of flow destabilization with high negative values of Richardson numbers Ri = –10 to –100, in turn, transforming into a zone with rapidly increasing instability up to Ri = –1000. This is a zone of loss of flow stability, culminating in the “ortex breakdown”.
Kosmetik Herbal yang Berpotensi Sebagai Pemutih Kulit Alami
Authors: Bashirah Danaparamita , Putriana Norisca Aliza 
Published: August 2019

Kosmetik herbal semakin berkembang dan disukai oleh masyarakat. Hidrokuinon sebelumnya seringkali digunakan sebagai bahan utama kosmetik pemutih, namun penggunaannya kini telah dilarang dengan alasan masalah keamanan. Kosmetik herbal mengandung bahan alami yang relatif aman dan memiliki beragam manfaat, salah satunya sebagai pemutih kulit. Produk ini bekerja dengan cara mereduksi pigmen melanin yang terdapat dalam kulit. Review ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai tanaman yang mengandung zat aktif dengan efek pemutih kulit. Review ini mengambil dari beberapa jurnal nasional maupun internasional yang dirilis dalam rentang waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir yaitu mulai tahun 2009 hingga 2019. Terdapat berbagai tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas untuk memutihkan kulit dengan cara menginhibisi aktivitas tirosinase. Tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai pemutih kulit diantaranya yaitu temulawak, akar manis, bengkuang, raspberry, ceri acerola, sophora japonica, delima, hijiki, marbei putih, nangka, dan alamanda.Kata Kunci : Kosmetik, Herbal, Pemutih