bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Facility Ownership on Utilization of Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery
Authors: Black Eric M. , Reynolds John , Maltenfort Mitchell G. , Williams Gerald R. , Abboud Joseph A. , Lazarus Mark D. 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
We examined practice patterns and surgical indications in the management of common shoulder procedures by surgeons practicing at physician-owned facilities.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective analysis of 501 patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder procedures performed by five surgeons in our practice at one of five facilities during an 18-month period. Two of the facilities were physician-owned, and three of the five surgeons were shareholders. Demographics, insurance status, symptom duration, time from injury/symptom onset to the decision to perform surgery (at which time surgical consent is obtained), and time to schedule surgery were studied to determine the influence of facility type and physician shareholder status.

Results:
Median duration of symptoms before surgery was significantly shorter in workers’ compensation patients than in non–workers’ compensation patients (47% less; P < 0.0001) and in men than in women (31% less; P < 0.001), but was not influenced by shareholder status or facility ownership (P > 0.05). Time between presentation and surgical consent was not influenced by facility ownership (P = 0.39) or shareholder status (P = 0.50). Time from consent to procedure was 13% faster in physician-owned facilities than in non–physician-owned facilities (P = 0.03) and 35% slower with shareholder physicians than with nonshareholder physicians (P < 0.0001).

Discussion:
The role of physician investment in private healthcare facilities has caused considerable debate in the orthopaedic surgery field. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the effects of shareholder status and facility ownership on surgeons’ practice patterns, surgical timing, and measures of nonsurgical treatment before shoulder surgery.

Conclusions:
Neither shareholder status nor facility ownership characteristics influenced the speed with which surgeons determined that shoulder surgery was indicated or surgeons’ use of preoperative nonsurgical treatment. After the need for surgery was determined, patients underwent surgery sooner at physician-owned facilities than at non–physician-owned facilities and with nonshareholder physicians than with shareholder physicians.

Level of evidence:
Level III
The Effect of Door Opening on Positive Pressure and Airflow in Operating Rooms
Authors: Weiser Mitchell C. , Shemesh Shai , Chen Darwin D. , Bronson Michael J. , Moucha Calin S. 
Published: February 2018

Introduction:
Door openings and increased foot traffic in operating rooms (ORs) during total joint arthroplasty are thought to increase the risk of surgical site infection.

Methods:
Digital manometers were used to collect pressure data during off-hours at the thresholds of both the outer door (ie, the door to the common OR hallway) and the inner substerile door, which opens to the substerile hallway, of six empty ORs used for total joint arthroplasty. Airflow patterns were visualized with smoke studies to determine whether outside air entered the ORs during single or multiple door openings. Data were analyzed using the Student t-test and one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
Positive pressure was not defeated during any door-opening event. The average time for recovery of the initial pressurization in the OR regardless of the door used was between 14 and 15 seconds (P = 0.462). No differences in the degree of room depressurization were noted between entry of personnel through the outer door, passing of a surgical tray through the outer door, and entry of personnel through the inner door (P = 0.312). Smoke studies confirmed that no contaminated outside air entered the OR with single door opening. Outside air entered the OR if two doors were open simultaneously.

Conclusion:
Single door opening does not defeat OR positive pressure, but simultaneous opening of two doors allows contaminated air to flow into the OR. OR traffic should continue to be limited during surgical procedures. OR personnel should be educated about the danger to the sterile field that can result from simultaneous door openings and should be discouraged from such activity.
Taxonomy of the poorly known Quedius mutilatus group of wingless montane species from Middle Asia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini)
Authors: Salnitska Maria , Solodovnikov Alexey 
Published: February 2018

The Quedius mutilatus group, a very poorly known presumably monophyletic complex of wingless, possibly hypogean species confined to the Tien-Shan Mountains, is characterized as such for the first time. Newly available material clarified the identity of Q. mutilatus Eppelsheim, 1888 and Q. kalabi Smetana, 1995, each hitherto known from a handful of non-conspecific and vaguely georeferenced specimens only. Additional material is reported for Q. equus Smetana, 2014 and one species, Quedius kungeicus sp. nov., is described. All available data on the taxonomy, distribution and bionomics for all these four species of the group are summarized.
Ion Acceleration by Flux Transfer Events in the Terrestrial Magnetosheath
Authors: Jarvinen R. , Vainio R. , Palmroth M. , Juusola L. , Hoilijoki S. , Pfau‐Kempf Y. , Ganse U. , Turc L. , von Alfthan S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report ion acceleration by flux transfer events in the terrestrial magnetosheath in a global two‐dimensional hybrid‐Vlasov polar plane simulation of Earth's solar wind interaction. In the model we find that propagating flux transfer events created in magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause drive fast‐mode bow waves in the magnetosheath, which accelerate ions in the shocked solar wind flow. The acceleration at the bow waves is caused by a shock drift‐like acceleration process under stationary solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field upstream conditions. Thus, the energization is not externally driven but results from plasma dynamics within the magnetosheath. Energetic proton populations reach the energy of 30 keV, and their velocity distributions resemble time‐energy dispersive ion injections observed by the Cluster spacecraft in the magnetosheath.
Spatially Distinct Seasonal Patterns and Forcings of the U.S. Warming Hole
Authors: Partridge T. F. , Winter J. M. , Osterberg E. C. , Hyndman D. W. , Kendall A. D. , Magilligan F. J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe present a novel approach to characterize the spatiotemporal evolution of regional cooling across the eastern United States (commonly called the U.S. warming hole), by defining a spatially explicit boundary around the region of most persistent cooling. The warming hole emerges after a regime shift in 1958 where annual maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperatures decreased by 0.83°C and 0.46°C, respectively. The annual warming hole consists of two distinct seasonal modes, one located in the southeastern United States during winter and spring and the other in the midwestern United States during summer and autumn. A correlation analysis indicates that the seasonal modes differ in causation. Winter temperatures in the warming hole are significantly correlated with the Meridional Circulation Index, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. However, the variability of ocean‐atmosphere circulation modes is insufficient to explain the summer temperature patterns of the warming hole.
On the Origin of the Solar Cycle Modulation of the Southern Annular Mode
Authors: Kuroda Yuhji 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the dominant hemisphere‐scale mode of variability in the Southern Hemisphere. Analysis of the European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis data set (ERA‐Interim) for 1979–2015 shows that stratospheric variability associated with the October–November mean SAM index is modulated in synchrony with solar activity. The sequence of stratospheric variability after July, similar to that associated with the Polar‐night Jet Oscillation in the Southern Hemisphere, is well connected to the SAM during years of stronger solar activity, but the connection is weak during years of weaker solar activity. The source of this solar cycle modulation of the SAM was examined by performing momentum and energy budget (wave energy) analyses. The momentum analysis shows that the modulation of the zonal wind comes directly from the acceleration of zonal wind produced by waves. The wave‐energy analysis suggests that the modulation is produced through energy conversion from zonal‐mean fields, mainly by the baroclinic mechanism, although diabatic processes are also important. These analyses also suggest that a key factor regarding the effect of solar activity on the structural modulation of the SAM is the intensification of the sensitivity of the wave‐mean flow interaction in the stratosphere.
Aerosol Optical Depth Over India
Authors: David Liji Mary , Ravishankara A. R. , Kodros John K. , Venkataraman Chandra , Sadavarte Pankaj , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Chaliyakunnel Sreelekha , Millet Dylan B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTropospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) over India was simulated by Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)‐Chem, a global 3‐D chemical‐transport model, using SMOG (Speciated Multi‐pOllutant Generator from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay) and GEOS‐Chem (GC) (current inventories used in the GEOS‐Chem model) inventories for 2012. The simulated AODs were ~80% (SMOG) and 60% (GC) of those measured by the satellites (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Multi‐angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer). There is no strong seasonal variation in AOD over India. The peak AOD values are observed/simulated during summer. The simulated AOD using SMOG inventory has particulate black and organic carbon AOD higher by a factor ~5 and 3, respectively, compared to GC inventory. The model underpredicted coarse‐mode AOD but agreed for fine‐mode AOD with Aerosol Robotic Network data. It captured dust only over Western India, which is a desert, and not elsewhere, probably due to inaccurate dust transport and/or noninclusion of other dust sources. The calculated AOD, after dust correction, showed the general features in its observed spatial variation. Highest AOD values were observed over the Indo‐Gangetic Plain followed by Central and Southern India with lowest values in Northern India. Transport of aerosols from Indo‐Gangetic Plain and Central India into Eastern India, where emissions are low, is significant. The major contributors to total AOD over India are inorganic aerosol (41–64%), organic carbon (14–26%), and dust (7–32%). AOD over most regions of India is a factor of 5 or higher than over the United States.
A Null‐Parameter Formula of Storage‐Evapotranspiration Relationship at Catchment Scale and its Application for a New Hydrological Model
Authors: Han Peng‐Fei , Wang Xu‐Sheng , Istanbulluoglu Erkan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDifferent formulas have been developed to estimate the mean annual evapotranspiration ratio (E/P) from the mean annual aridity index (Ep/P) based on the Budyko framework. A major challenge in using the Budyko framework for the interannual behaviors of a catchment is the missed storage. Here we develop a null‐parameter formula of the storage‐evapotranspiration relationship based on the simplified proportionality hypothesis, which takes the storage in the soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum as the accessible water for the evapotranspiration processes. In this formula, the annual E/P depends on the annual Ep/P and S/P values where S is the soil‐plant‐atmosphere continuum storage. An annual water balance model including groundwater storage is required to estimate the annual runoff and S/P. We develop a new conceptual hydrological model with only three parameters in addition to the null‐parameter formula. The model performs well in the case study of the North Loup River Basin in Nebraska. It is found that the annual E/P increases with the increasing Ep/P around a path that is different from conventional Budyko curves. For mean annual water balance, the triparameter model results in one‐parameter formulas to estimate both of the mean annual E/P and S/P so that the status of storage can be included in the Budyko framework. This study presents a new simple approach to investigate the interannual variability of catchments with varying dryness.
On the Linkage Between the Asian Summer Monsoon and Tropopause Folds
Authors: Wu Yutian , Chen Gang , Taylor Lindsey , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study uses a set of idealized aquaplanet model experiments to investigate the linkage between the Asian summer monsoon circulation and tropopause fold activity. It is found that folds tend to occur on the northwestern side of the upper‐level anticyclone associated with the monsoon circulation and are generated due to intensified monsoon circulation and resulting intensified subsidence. In addition, the impact of tropopause folds on extreme rainfall events is also examined. It is found that while the likelihood of extreme rainfall is largely decreased at and upstream of the occurrence of folds, the likelihood is significantly increased downstream. This pattern of suppression of extreme rainfall upstream and promotion downstream also persists for about 1–2 days, which likely suggests a positive feedback between extreme rainfall downstream and tropopause folds. Finally, changes in tropopause folds with monsoon intensity are also discussed.
Snowflake Melting Simulation Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Leinonen Jussi , von Lerber Annakaisa 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMotivated by the need to understand the microphysics and improve the remote sensing of the melting layer of precipitation, we have developed a numerical 3‐D model for the melting of single snowflakes. The model uses the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method and is forced by surface tension that controls the flow of meltwater on the ice surface. Heat transfer from the environment to the snowflake is simulated with a Monte Carlo scheme. In model experiments with snowflakes of various sizes and densities, we observed that the meltwater tends to initially gather in concave regions of the snowflake surface. These liquid water regions merge as they grow, and as meltwater is added, they form a shell of liquid around an ice core. This eventually develops into a water drop. The observed features during melting are consistent with experimental findings from earlier research, which suggests that the model is adequate for exploring the physics of snowflake melting. The principal remaining uncertainties arise from the omission of aerodynamic forces from the model. The results suggest that the degree of riming has a significant influence on the melting process: During initial melting, liquid water is apparent on the surface of unrimed or lightly rimed particles, while rime provides a porous structure that can absorb a relatively large amount of meltwater. Riming also strengthens the connections between different parts of the snowflake, making rimed snowflakes less prone to breakup during melting, while unrimed ones break up rather easily.
Toward Synchronous Evaluation of Source Apportionments for Atmospheric Concentration and Deposition of Sulfate Aerosol Over East Asia
Authors: Itahashi S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSource apportionments for atmospheric concentration, dry deposition, and wet deposition of sulfate aerosol (SO42−) were synchronously evaluated over East Asia, a main source of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Estimating dry deposition was difficult owing to the difficulty of measuring deposition velocity directly; therefore, sensitivity simulations using two dry deposition schemes were conducted. Moreover, sensitivity simulations for different emission inventories, the largest uncertainty source in the air quality model, were also conducted. In total, four experimental settings were used. Model performance was verified for atmospheric concentration and wet deposition using a ground‐based observation network in China, Korea, and Japan, and all four model settings captured the observations. The underestimation of wet deposition over China was improved by an adjusted approach that linearly scaled the modeled precipitation values to observations. The synchronous evaluation of source apportionments for atmospheric concentration and dry and wet deposition showed the dominant contribution of anthropogenic emissions from China to the atmospheric concentration and deposition in Japan. The contributions of emissions from volcanoes were more important for wet deposition than for atmospheric concentration. Differences in the dry deposition scheme and emission inventory did not substantially influence the relative ratio of source apportionments over Japan. Because the dry deposition was more attributed to local factors, the differences in dry deposition may be an important determinant of the source contributions from China to Japan. Verification of these findings, including the dry deposition velocity, is necessary for better understanding of the behavior of sulfur compound in East Asia.
An Extended Eddy‐Diffusivity Mass‐Flux Scheme for Unified Representation of Subgrid‐Scale Turbulence and Convection
Authors: Tan Zhihong , Kaul Colleen M. , Pressel Kyle G. , Cohen Yair , Schneider Tapio , Teixeira João 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLarge‐scale weather forecasting and climate models are beginning to reach horizontal resolutions of kilometers, at which common assumptions made in existing parameterization schemes of subgrid‐scale turbulence and convection—such as that they adjust instantaneously to changes in resolved‐scale dynamics—cease to be justifiable. Additionally, the common practice of representing boundary‐layer turbulence, shallow convection, and deep convection by discontinuously different parameterizations schemes, each with its own set of parameters, has contributed to the proliferation of adjustable parameters in large‐scale models. Here we lay the theoretical foundations for an extended eddy‐diffusivity mass‐flux (EDMF) scheme that has explicit time‐dependence and memory of subgrid‐scale variables and is designed to represent all subgrid‐scale turbulence and convection, from boundary layer dynamics to deep convection, in a unified manner. Coherent up and downdrafts in the scheme are represented as prognostic plumes that interact with their environment and potentially with each other through entrainment and detrainment. The more isotropic turbulence in their environment is represented through diffusive fluxes, with diffusivities obtained from a turbulence kinetic energy budget that consistently partitions turbulence kinetic energy between plumes and environment. The cross‐sectional area of up and downdrafts satisfies a prognostic continuity equation, which allows the plumes to cover variable and arbitrarily large fractions of a large‐scale grid box and to have life cycles governed by their own internal dynamics. Relatively simple preliminary proposals for closure parameters are presented and are shown to lead to a successful simulation of shallow convection, including a time‐dependent life cycle.
Characterization of Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis and Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis in the US‐Based Corrona Registry
Authors: Mease Philip J. , Heijde Désirée Van Der , Karki Chitra , Palmer Jacqueline B. , Liu Mei , Pandurengan Renganayaki , Park Yujin , Greenberg Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and patients with nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) in the US.MethodsDemographics, clinical characteristics, patient‐reported outcomes, and treatment characteristics of patients with AS and those with nonradiographic axial SpA were assessed at the time of enrollment in the Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry. Patients with AS were defined as those who fulfilled the 1984 modified New York criteria for AS; patients with nonradiographic axial SpA were defined as all other patients with axial SpA who did not fulfill the radiology criterion.ResultsOf the 407 patients with a diagnosis of axial SpA who were included in this study, 310 had AS, and 97 had nonradiographic axial SpA. Although patients with nonradiographic axial SpA were younger and showed a trend toward a shorter symptom duration, the nonradiographic axial SpA and AS groups shared a similar disease burden, as reflected by comparisons of disease activity and function, quality of life, pain, fatigue, job absenteeism, and loss of work productivity (all P > 0.05). The proportions of patients with nonradiographic axial SpA and patients with AS who received prior biologic disease‐modifying drugs (DMARDs) (74.2% and 64.8%, respectively) or were currently receiving biologic DMARDs (63.9% and 61.3%, respectively) were also similar (P > 0.05).ConclusionThis was the first nationwide study to characterize patients with AS and nonradiographic axial SpA in the US. Consistent with studies published outside of the US, this study showed that patients with nonradiographic axial SpA and patients with AS shared a comparable degree of disease burden and had similar treatment patterns in clinical practice.
Hydrocarbons‐Driven Crystallization of Polymer Semiconductors for Low‐Temperature Fabrication of High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Lei Yanlian , Deng Ping , Zhang Qiaoming , Xiong Zuhong , Li Qinghua , Mai Jiangquan , Lu Xinhui , Zhu Xunjin , Ong Beng S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile many high‐performance polymer semiconductors are reported for organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), most require a high‐temperature postdeposition annealing of channel semiconductors to achieve high performance. This negates the fundamental attribute of OFETs being a low‐cost alternative to conventional high‐cost silicon technologies. A facile solution process is developed through which high‐performance OFETs can be fabricated without thermal annealing. The process involves incorporation of an incompatible hydrocarbon binder or wax into the channel semiconductor composition to drive rapid phase separation and instantaneous crystallization of polymer semiconductor at room temperature. The resulting composite channel semiconductor film manifests a nano/microporous surface morphology with a continuous semiconductor nanowire network. OFET mobility of up to about 5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off ratio ≥ 106 are attained. These are hitherto benchmark performance characteristics for room‐temperature, solution‐processed polymer OFETs, which are functionally useful for many impactful applications.
Hierarchically Structured Self‐Healing Sensors with Tunable Positive/Negative Piezoresistivity
Authors: Liu Xuehui , Su Gehong , Guo Quanquan , Lu Canhui , Zhou Tao , Zhou Changlin , Zhang Xinxing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is a challenge to manufacture flexible sensors that possess easily distinguishable biomotion signals, strong response reliability, and excellent self‐healing capability. Herein, a self‐healing sensor with tunable positive/negative piezoresistivity is designed by the construction of hierarchical structure connected through supramolecular metal–ligand coordination bonds. The developed sensors can be integrated with the human body to detect multiple tiny signals, such as pronunciation, coughing, and deep breathing. Interestingly, the nanostructured elastomer sensor with and without a flexible yarn electrode shows negative and positive current signals, respectively, making it easy to be identify. Furthermore, it exhibits very fast (2 min), autonomous, and repeatable self‐healing ability with high‐healing efficiency (88.6% after the third healing process). The healed samples still possess flexibility, high sensitivity, and accurate detection capability, even after bending over 10 000 cycles. The excellent biomimetic self‐healing performance combined with the tunable piezoresistivity make it promising for next‐generation wearable electronics.