bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAC1b Overexpression Confers Resistance to Chemotherapy Treatment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Goka Erik T. , Chaturvedi Pallavi , Lopez Dayrelis T. Mesa , Garza Adriana De La , Lippman Marc E. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy represents a major limitation in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Novel strategies to circumvent resistance are critical to prolonging patient survival. Rac1b, a constitutively activated isoform of the small GTPase Rac1, is upregulated with disease progression and promotes cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis by activation of NF-κB signaling. Here, we show that Rac1b overexpression correlates with cancer stage and confirmed Rac1b expression is associated with increased growth through enhancing NF-κB activity. Rac1b knockdown reduced cellular proliferation and reduced NF-κB activity. Surprisingly, Rac1b expression and NF-κB activity were upregulated in cells treated with chemotherapeutics, suggesting that Rac1b facilitates chemo-resistance through activation of NF-κB signaling. Knockdown of Rac1b or Rac inhibition increases the sensitivity of the cells to oxaliplatin. When used in combination, inhibition of Rac prevents the increase in NF-κB activity associated with chemotherapy treatment and increases the sensitivity of the cells to oxaliplatin. Although Rac inhibition or oxaliplatin treatment alone reduces the growth of colorectal cancer in vivo, combination therapy results in improved outcomes compared with single agents alone. We provide the first evidence that Rac1b expression confers resistance to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. Additionally, we show that the use of a Rac inhibitor prevents chemoresistance by blocking activation of chemotherapy induced NF-κB signaling, providing a novel strategy to overcome resistance to chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
Preclinical Investigation of 212Pb-DOTAMTATE for Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in a Neuroendocrine Tumor Model
Authors: Stallons Tania A. Rozgaja , Saidi Amal , Tworowska Izabela , Delpassand Ebrahim S. , Torgue Julien J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Somatostatin analogues have been examined as a treatment for somatostatin receptor overexpressing tumors for years; specifically, octreotate (TATE) and octreotide (TOC). Several versions of these analogues coupled to beta or gamma nuclides are currently used as imaging agents, as treatments with peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for patients with neuroendocrine tumors or are being explored in preclinical and clinical settings. Our study describes the use of 212Pb-DOTAMTATE, the octreotate analogue, in combination with 212Pb, the parent of an alpha emitter. Preclinical studies demonstrated tumor targeting of 212Pb-DOTAMTATE of &gt;20% ID/g up to 24 hours post drug injection. The addition of kidney protection agents, including l-lysine and l-arginine decreases drug accumulation in the kidneys and the addition of ascorbic acid to the chelation mixture reduces oxidation of the drug product. 212Pb-DOTAMTATE displays a favorable toxicity profile with single-dose injections of 20 μCi showing 100% survival and with nontoxic cumulative doses up to 45 μCi, when fractionated into three smaller doses of 15 μCi. In an initial efficacy study, a single 10 μCi injection of 212Pb-DOTAMTATE extended the mean survival 2.4-fold. Efficacy was enhanced by giving three treatment cycles of 212Pb-DOTAMTATE and reducing the time between injections to two weeks. Efficacy was optimized further by the addition of a chemo-sensitizing agent, 5-fluorouracil, given in combination with three cycles of 10 μCi 212Pb-DOTAMTATE. These conditions led to 79% of the animals being tumor free at the end of the 31-week study suggesting that 212Pb-DOTAMTATE alone or in combination with a chemotherapeutic may have positive clinical implications.
Prospective Clinical Sequencing of Adult Glioma
Authors: Zheng Siyuan , Alfaro-Munoz Kristin , Wei Wei , Wang Xiaojing , Wang Fang , Eterovic Agda Karina , Shaw Kenna R. Mills , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Fuller Gregory N. , Chen Ken , Verhaak Roel G. , Mills Gordon B. , Yung W.K. Alfred , Weathers Shiao-Pei , de Groot John F. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Malignant gliomas are a group of intracranial cancers associated with disproportionately high mortality and morbidity. Here, we report ultradeep targeted sequencing of a prospective cohort of 237 tumors from 234 patients consisting of both glioblastoma (GBM) and lower-grade glioma (LGG) using our customized gene panels. We identified 2,485 somatic mutations, including single-nucleotide substitutions and small indels, using a validated in-house protocol. Sixty-one percent of the mutations were contributed by 12 hypermutators. The hypermutators were enriched for recurrent tumors and had comparable outcome, and most were associated with temozolomide exposure. TP53 was the most frequently mutated gene in our cohort, followed by IDH1 and EGFR. We detected at least one EGFR mutation in 23% of LGGs, which was significantly higher than 6% seen in The Cancer Genome Atlas, a pattern that can be partially explained by the different patient composition and sequencing depth. IDH hotspot mutations were found with higher frequencies in LGG (83%) and secondary GBM (77%) than primary GBM (9%). Multivariate analyses controlling for age, histology, and tumor grade confirm the prognostic value of IDH mutation. We predicted 1p/19q status using the panel sequencing data and received only modest performance by benchmarking the prediction to FISH results of 50 tumors. Targeted therapy based on the sequencing data resulted in three responders out of 14 participants. In conclusion, our study suggests ultradeep targeted sequencing can recapitulate previous findings and can be a useful approach in the clinical setting.
‘This Man Has Come into My House’: Hospitality in Genesis 19; 34; and Judges 19
Authors: Southwood Katherine 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores narratives wherein themes of hospitality, sexual violence against women, and migration coalesce. The presence of migration and the theme of ‘guest’ and ‘host’ make Genesis 19, and in the linked tradition in Judges 19, particularly apt for analysis that uses modern literature coupling hospitality and migration as a heuristic tool. Indeed, as well as being thematic, hospitality may also function in the narratives as a metaphor for immigrants and host communities. In Genesis 34, the metaphor of hospitality and the consequences of hospitality broken are also important thematically as is the desire for revenge. The article argues that in all three cases, group boundaries reach a new level of significance in response to migration, but are violently concretised through acts of sexual exploitation.
Examining Sport Fans and the Endangered Species Who Represent Their Affiliated Team Mascots
Authors: Sartore-Baldwin Melanie , McCullough Brian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship sport fans have with their mascots when represented by a nonhuman animal who is a member of an endangered species group. Adopting a shared responsibility perspective, this study examined the level of knowledge sport fans possess about their endangered species mascot and how sport fan identity might impact one’s desire to learn more. Findings supported the hypothesis that highly identified fans would want to learn more about the endangered species, thus suggesting that sport organizations may be in an advantageous position to create change through organizational initiatives and practices involving partner organizations and in-house conservation efforts.
Revisiting the Marxist Skilled-Labour Debate
Authors: Caligaris Gastón , Starosta Guido 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article offers an overview of Marx’s textual legacy on the subject of the multiplied value-positing powers of skilled labour, and undertakes a critical reconstruction of the history of the subsequent controversies over the so-called ‘skilled-labour problem’. Critical examination of the different Marxist responses to the objections put forward by critics shows that they have failed to develop a solution that is consistent with the foundations of Marx’s value-theory. Thus, the article finally offers an alternative solution grounded in the Marxian analysis of the determinations of value as laid out in Capital.
On the Evaluation of The Essence of Christianity
Authors: Feuerbach Ludwig 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The following text is a translation of Feuerbach’s essay ‘Zur Beurteilung der Schrift Das Wesen des Christentums’, which was published in February 1842. The piece is intended to clarify Feuerbach’s relation to many of his most important contemporaries and influences, especially Hegel. An Introduction to this essay has been published simultaneously (see DOI 10.1163/1569206X-00001620).
Social Stratification in Qatari Society
Authors: Hassan Islam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe family in Qatar plays a significant role in shaping its members’ lives, passing down the dominant culture with its history, traditions, values, customs, and social order to subsequent generations. Through the institution of marriage, individuals have been choosing their partners based on criteria passed down to them by their families. They have also been preserving and reproducing the culture, traditions, values, and customs invested in them by their own families by reinvesting them into their own children. By relying on a mixed method approach, the author investigates the role of the family and marriage institutions in the sustenance and stimulation of the reproduction of social stratification in Qatari society. This article is the first of its kind to address the phenomenon of reproduction of social stratification in an Arab state of the Persian Gulf.
The Role and Impact of Arab Fathers
Authors: Ridge Natasha , Jeon Soohyun , Shami Soha , Chung Brian Jaewon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch over the past twenty years has found that fathers play an important role in their children’s development. However, the literature on fatherhood is still limited, particularly in the Arab world. This paper uses data from a mixed-method pilot study of sixty-one Arabs residing in the United Arab Emirates to examine the nature and impact of father involvement in the Arab region. The findings indicate that Arab fathers score highly on the good provider role, but low on responsible paternal engagement, which includes father involvement in the child’s education and related activities. We also find that the more positively involved a father has been in his child’s life, the higher the child’s self-esteem tends to be. In addition, the results show that experiences of father involvement vary according to the gender of the child, socioeconomic status, and nationality. These findings have important implications for understanding the nature of Arab father involvement and serve as a prelude to a larger study of father involvement across the Arab region.
An early record of a vesselless angiosperm from the middle Cenomanian of the Envigne valley (Vienne, Western France)
Authors: Boura A. , Saulnier G. , De Franceschi D. , Gomez B. , Daviero-Gomez V. , Pons D. , Garcia G. , Robin N. , Boiteau J-M. , Valentin X. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThousands of silicified wood fragments were recently collected from the middle Cenomanian of Vienne in western France at less than 10 km away from a historical locality where in 1870 the French geologist Alphonse Le Touzé de Longuemar reported silicified wood. The plant assemblage is very diverse, and includes several species of ferns, conifers, and angiosperms. We describe and discuss the systematic affinities of a new vesselless angiosperm. Many of its characters are shared by extant and fossil Winteraceae. Nevertheless, the absence of uniseriate rays makes the anatomy of these specimens unique. Its combination of characters justifies the establishment of a new genus of vesselless fossil angiosperm wood of uncertain affinity, Sherwinoxylon gen. nov.
Evaluating U.S. East Coast Winter Storms in a Multimodel Ensemble Using EOF and Clustering Approaches
Authors: Zheng Minghua , Chang Edmund K. M. , Colle Brian A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEmpirical orthogonal function (EOF) and fuzzy clustering tools were applied to generate and validate scenarios in operational ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) for U.S. East Coast winter storms. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC) EPSs were validated in their ability to capture the analysis scenarios for historical East Coast cyclone cases at lead times of 1–9 days. The ECMWF ensemble has the best performance for the medium- to extended-range forecasts. During this time frame, NCEP and CMC did not perform as well, but a combination of the two models helps reduce the missing rate and alleviates the underdispersion. All ensembles are underdispersed at all ranges, with combined ensembles being less underdispersed than the individual EPSs. The number of outside-of-envelope cases increases with lead time. For a majority of the cases beyond the short range, the verifying analysis does not lie within the ensemble mean group of the multimodel ensemble or within the same direction indicated by any of the individual model means, suggesting that all possible scenarios need to be taken into account. Using the EOF patterns to validate the cyclone properties, the NCEP model tends to show less intensity and displacement biases during 1–3-day lead time, while the ECMWF model has the smallest biases during 4–6 days. Nevertheless, the ECMWF forecast position tends to be biased toward the southwest of the other two models and the analysis.
Sensitivity to Physical and Numerical Aspects of Large-Eddy Simulation of Stratocumulus
Authors: Matheou Georgios , Teixeira João 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A series of numerical experiments where both physical and numerical model parameters are varied with respect to a reference setup is used to investigate the physics of a stratocumulus cloud and the performance of a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. The simulations show a delicate balance of physical processes with some sensitivities amplified by numerical model features. A strong feedback between cloud liquid, cloud-top radiative cooling, and turbulence leads to slow grid convergence of the turbulent fluxes. For a methodology that diagnoses cloud liquid from conserved variables, small errors in the total water amount result in large liquid water errors, which are amplified by the cloud-top radiative cooling leading to large variations of buoyancy forcing. In contrast, when the liquid–radiation–buoyancy feedback is not present in simulations without radiation, the turbulence structure of the boundary layer remains essentially identical for grid resolutions between 20 and 1.25 m. The present runs suggest that the buoyancy reversal instability significantly enhances the entrainment rate. Even though cloud-top radiative cooling is regarded as a key attribute of stratocumulus, the present simulations suggest that surface fluxes and surface shear significantly contribute to the total turbulent kinetic energy. Turbulence spectra exhibit inertial range scaling away from the confinement effects of the surface and inversion. Fine grid resolution LESs agree with observations, especially with respect to cloud liquid and vertical velocity variance, and exhibit grid convergence without any model tuning or ad hoc model choices.
Assimilation of Satellite Soil Moisture for Improved Atmospheric Reanalyses
Authors: Draper Clara , Reichle Rolf H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA newly developed, weakly coupled land and atmosphere data assimilation system for NASA’s Global Earth Observing System model is presented, and used to demonstrate the benefit of assimilating satellite soil moisture into an atmospheric reanalysis. Specifically, Advanced Scatterometer and Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity soil moisture retrievals are assimilated into a system that uses the same model, atmospheric assimilation system, and atmospheric observations as the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). The atmosphere is sensitive to soil moisture only under certain conditions. Hence, while the globally averaged model improvements were small, regionally, the soil moisture assimilation induced some substantial improvements. For example, in a large region spanning from western Europe across southern Russia, the soil moisture assimilation decreased the RMSE against independent station observations of daily maximum 2-m temperature () by up to 0.4 K, and of 2-m specific humidity (q2m) by up to 0.5 g kg−1. Over all available stations, the mean RMSE was reduced from 2.82 to 2.79 K, while the mean q2m RMSE was reduced from 1.25 to 1.20 g kg−1. The soil moisture assimilation also reduced the mean RMSE across 29 flux tower sites from 34.2 to 32.6 W m−2 for latent heating, and from 37.7 to 36.5 W m−2 for sensible heating. For all variables evaluated, the soil moisture assimilation improved the model at monthly to seasonal, rather than daily, time scales. Based on the above experiments, it is recommended that satellite soil moisture be assimilated into future reanalyses, including the follow-on to MERRA-2.
Transhumanist Medicine: Can We Direct Its Power to the Service of Human Dignity?
Authors: Mirkes Renée 
Published: March 2019

The medicalization of transhumanist technologies demands our prompt and undivided attention. This article surveys the principal body/mind enhancement goals of transhumanist medicine and the means it would employ—genetic, robo, info-, and nanotechnologies—to accomplish those ends (Part One). Second, it engages Christian anthropological and natural law principles to evaluate the populist and essentialist concerns these therapeutic/enhancement interventions provoke (Part Two). And, third, it proposes formation of a Catholic medical think tank to appraise whether transhumanist biotechnologies can serve human dignity and, to the extent they can, to formulate wise clinical/administrative guidelines for their inclusion in US Catholic healthcare settings (Part Three). Nontechnical summary: This article explores the body/mind enhancement goals of transhumanist medicine, evaluates the biotechnological means to accomplish those therapeutic/enhancement goals, and suggests the formation of a Catholic medical think tank to formulate wise clinical/administrative guidelines for the inclusion of genetic, robo, info-, and nanotechnologies in US Catholic healthcare settings.
Publishing and Scholarship in Economic Education: A Catalog and Assessment
Authors: Asarta Carlos J. , Mixon Frank G. 
Published: March 2019

The American Economist ( AEX) has a long history of publishing scholarship in economic education. In fact, a recent study by Lo, Wong, Mixon, and Asarta found AEX to rank third in terms of economic education articles published in all economics journals indexed in the Social Sciences Citations Index. According to Asarta, Jennings, and Grimes, AEX’s contributions to the field can be cataloged into four major categories: program design, instructional and assessment methodology, instructional materials, and student outcomes. To continue with AEX’s history of encouraging, promoting, and disseminating economic education scholarship, this article catalogs the opportunities that now exist for publishing such work in journals focused on economic education–specific work. In addition, the article assesses the relative impact of the work presented in those journals since 1995, a key year in the field, with the ultimate goal of serving as a valuable resource for scholars interested in publishing in the dynamic field of economic education. JEL Classifications: A20, A30
Evaluating Healthy Vending at the American Heart Association National Center: A Pilot Study
Authors: Yan Stella , Pappas Antigoni , Yuan Meghan D. , Vafiadis Dorothea , Carson Jo Ann 
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To determine whether a 100% healthy vending model would affect revenue, employee satisfaction, and nutrition in the workplace. Design: This study compared revenue and nutrition data pre- and post-adoption of nutrition standards from the American Heart Association’s (AHA) Healthy Workplace Food and Beverage Toolkit. Employee satisfaction was measured using a survey. Setting: The AHA National Center which, over time, included 5 vending machines and a micromarket. Measures: Comparisons of monthly snack and beverage revenues; survey results assessing employee satisfaction; reduction in mean saturated fat (g) and sodium (mg) per snack sold; reduction in mean sugar (g) per beverage sold; monthly mean number of fruits, vegetable, and dairy sold. Analysis: Paired t tests were used to compare monthly revenue while t tests were used to compare nutrition information pre- and post-adoption of nutrition standards. Survey results and food group purchases were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Mean monthly snack revenue increased ( P = .002). Mean monthly beverage revenue did not decrease. Most survey respondents were satisfied with the healthy vending. Mean saturated fat and sodium content per snack sold decreased ( P < .001). Mean sugar content per beverage sold decreased. The micromarket sold an average of 210 units of dairy, 85 units of fruit, and 87 units of vegetables per month. Limitations: This study was conducted at one workplace. Conclusion: Healthy vending did not decrease revenue but did decrease saturated fat and sodium per snack, decrease sugar per beverage, and provide fruits, vegetables, and fat-free/low-fat dairy. Employees were generally satisfied with healthy vending.
An Empirical Examination of IPO Underpricing Between High-technology and Non-high-technology Firms in Taiwan
Authors: Gao Simon , Hou Tony Chieh-Tse 
Published: March 2019

This study investigates the determinants of initial public offering (IPO) underpricing by focusing on variables relating to information asymmetry, investor sentiment and corporate governance and examines whether the determinants of IPO underpricing in high-technology and non-high-technology IPOs differ. With data from Taiwan for 2009–2011, this study finds that overallotment is negatively related to underpricing, whereas market momentum, first-day trading volume and managers’ ownership retention rates are positively related to underpricing, particularly for high-technology IPOs. Our results support the signalling hypothesis in high-technology IPOs. JEL Classification: G12, G14, G24, G32
How Underlying Dimensions of Political Risk Affect Excess Return in Emerging and Developed Markets
Authors: Nesset Ida Q. , Bøgeberg Ingrid , Kjærland Frode , Molden Lars H. 
Published: March 2019

Political risk is expected to increase due to emerging markets’ increasing influence on the world economy. We identify legal, tension, conflict and policy as underlying dimensions through principal component analysis by using a disaggregated political risk index. Using a two-way error correction model, ethnic and religious tension is identified as a new and distinct dimension of political risk. Consequently, global investors are likely to benefit from understanding which dimension implies a reward. Investors in particular should direct their attention towards tension, which seems to command a risk premium regardless of both market and time. JEL Classification: C33, F30, F50, G15