bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Block Copolymer-Assisted Microcellular Supercritical CO2 Foaming of Polymers and Blends
Authors: Dumon Michel , Ruiz José Antonio Reglero , Sanz Javier Pinto , Perez Miguel Angel Rodriguez , Tallon J-M. , Pedros M. , Cloutet E. , Viot P. 
Published: September 2018

The behaviour in supercritical CO2 of block copolymers containing styrenic, butadiene, and methacrylic or perfluroalkyl blocks is studied in view of a specific swelling and foaming by a gas dissolution process. These block copolymers are considered as neat materials or as additives in blends e.g in polystyrene (PS) or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrices. In both cases (neat or blend) the copolymers may exhibit a structuration at a micro or nano level. The phase separated (nano) structures depend on the block type and the concentration of copolymers in the polymer matrix, so that micelles, vesicles, lamellas, or warm-like structures are generated. Furthermore when one block is chosen as a highly CO2-philic moiety, the nanostructures are able to act as CO2 reservoirs. The result is the possibility to control microcellular foaming, or sometimes nanocellular foaming, of commodity amorphous polymers such as PMMA and PS. Besides, at room temperature, the blocks can be either glassy or rubbery in order to freeze the growth and coalescence of cells during foaming. Different cellular polymers were elaborated by varying either the copolymer type or the foaming conditions (saturation pressure, temperature, depressurization rate). Cell sizes are accessible in a range from 0.2 to 200 μm, and densities from 0.40 to 1 g/cm3. It is also shown that nanostructuring polymers are also efficient to produce polymer foams with oriented / structured voids. This new approach could be used to produce nanocellular or ultra microcellular polymer foams in a simple process, using blending and extrusion.
Overmoulding of Plane Structural Foamed Parts with a Second Thermoplastic Component
Authors: Mueller Johannes , Spoerrer Andreas , Altstaedt Volker 
Published: September 2018

Over the last few years some highly-efficient manufacturing processes in the field of foam injection moulding occurred based on new developments in the machine, the mould and the material technology. The manufacturing of car interior parts with a soft touch surface for example became possible in a one-step injection moulding process, in which an injection moulded carrier made of a fibre reinforced thermoplastics is overmoulded with a foamed thermoplastic elastomer (TPE). The TPEcomponent with compact skin layers and a foamed core generates a soft touch effect, reduces the part weight and observes the quality standards of the automobile manufacturers. Furthermore this technique offers a much higher economic efficiency compared to conventional manufacturing processes. To lower the part weight even further it is aspired to produce the thermoplastic carrier in a physical or chemical foam injection moulding process. With special mould technologies and the right process management it is already possible to foam light plane parts with a high specific flexural stiffness. As the main function of the carrier is the stiffening of the part an interesting aspect is to combine a stiff foamed carrier with a soft TPE-component by an overmoulding injection moulding process. This paper is going to show the possibility to overmould a plane foam injection moulded part with a second thermoplastic component, e.g. a TPE. The aim is to reach ideal dimensional stability and mechanical properties by the right adjustment of the manufacturing process.
Lightweight Potential of Fiber-Reinforced Foams
Authors: Roch Alexander , Menrath A. , Huber T. , Henning F. , Elsner P. 
Published: September 2018

This paper analyses the lightweight potential of long-fiber-reinforced and local continuous-fiber-reinforced foam injection molded components. Using the LFT-D foam process [7, 13] and breathing mold technology [11, 12], long-glass-fiber-reinforced polypropylene foams were manufactured with a constant weight per unit area and varying density reductions. As the area moment of inertia increases with the wall thickness to the third power, in these investigations small density reductions were sufficient to increase the flexural rigidity by several hundred% compared to a compact reference sample. The fiber length advantage generated by the direct process (injection molding compounding) also meant that even at higher density reductions the ductility was not reduced by the foaming. In order to achieve even better mechanical properties, foam injection molding can be combined with local continuous-fiber reinforcement. To demonstrate the potential, sandwich integral foam components with local continuous-fiber-reinforced facing were produced in-situ in an injection mold and characterized. Fully-consolidated tape blanks and self-reinforced PP fabrics were positioned on both sides of the cavity and heated. Afterwards a gas-loaded melt was injected between them. A short embossing stroke generated sufficient interfacial adhesion between the facing layers and the core material, and the foaming process was initiated by the pressure drop resulting from the precision opening of the injection compression mold.
Acceptability of Naloxone Dispensing Among Pharmacists
Authors: Do Vivian , Behar Emily , Turner Caitlin , Geier Michelle , Coffin Phillip 
Published: September 2018

Background: The San Francisco Department of Public Health initiated naloxone prescribing at 6 safety net clinics. We evaluated this intervention, demonstrating that naloxone prescribing from primary care clinics is feasible and acceptable. Objective: To evaluate acceptability of naloxone dispensing to patients prescribed opioids among pharmacists serving clinics participating in a naloxone intervention. Methods: We surveyed 58 pharmacists from November 2013 through January 2015 at pharmacies that serviced San Francisco safety net clinics. Surveys collected information on demographics, experiences in dispensing naloxone, and interest in prescriptive authority. We conducted descriptive analyses and assessed bivariate relationships. Results: Most respondents were staff (56.9%) or supervising pharmacists (34.5%). Most (92.9%) were aware their pharmacy stocked naloxone and 86.8% felt it should be prescribed to some or all patients on long-term opioids. Most (82.1%) dispensed naloxone at least once in the past 12 months. More than half were comfortable providing naloxone education. Nearly half (43.4%) indicated they would want authority to furnish without a prescription. Over half (55.2%) reported no problems dispensing. The common problem was insufficient naloxone knowledge. Only 12% reported more than one problem in dispensing naloxone, which was associated with being uncomfortable with educating patients ( P = .03). Conclusion: Naloxone dispensing was acceptable among pharmacists. Their most cited problem was insufficient naloxone education. This may be resolved with improved instructional materials, incentives for patient education, or mandatory training.
Mixed states in bipolar disorder: modelling, measuring and managing
Authors: Parker Gordon , Ricciardi Tahlia 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To consider whether consensus exists in recommendations for managing bipolar mixed states published in recent reviews and treatment guidelines, and to summarise what might be their best management. Conclusion: Limitations to and changes in the definition of mixed states compromise diagnosis and management. The striking comparison between DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria sets risks under-diagnosis and over-diagnosis. Current reviews and guidelines offer limited evidence to guide treatment; however, management should involve addressing the contribution of any antidepressant medication, and the introduction of a second-generation antipsychotic medication to stabilise the condition.
Impact of pharmacy collaborating services in an outpatient clinic on improving adverse drug reactions in outpatient cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Suzuki Hidetaka , Suzuki Shinya , Kamata Hayato , Sugama Yuka , Demachi Ken , Ikegawa Kiwako , Igarashi Takashi , Yamaguchi Masakazu 
Published: September 2018

Background Collaboration between pharmacists, doctors, and nurses in outpatient treatment is beneficial; however, such services are limited in Japan due to the lack of a healthcare reimbursement fee for outpatient pharmacy services at outpatient clinic. Objective We evaluated the impact of a service in which clinical pharmacists collaborated with an oncologist at an outpatient clinic in the treatment of adverse drug reactions in outpatient cancer chemotherapy. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using patients’ medical records and treatment diaries. Subjects were patients who received outpatient chemotherapy via a clinical pharmacist collaboration service provided by six outpatient pharmacists and an oncologist at an outpatient clinic between June and August 2016. Results During the study period, the total number of outpatient services was 2508, with 2055 (81%) related to chemotherapy. The six outpatient pharmacists provided interventions to 498 of the 2055 cases (24%). Of the 498 interventions, 103 (20%), in addition to oncologist’s prescription, were suggested treatments for adverse drug reactions due to cancer chemotherapy. Oncologists approved a total of 82 prescription suggestions from pharmacists (79%) to 63 patients. Fifty-seven percent ( n = 47) of the adverse drug reactions were improved following the pharmacists’ suggested prescriptions. Conclusions This is the first study to clarify the benefits of outpatient pharmacy services in which pharmacists collaborate with oncologists at an outpatient clinic for the management of adverse drug reactions in cancer patients in Japan.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Long-Term Outcome of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Children Treated in Urban India
Authors: Raimalwalla Toranj , Udani Vrajesh , Mhatre Dimpi 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To study the outcome of childhood-onset drug-resistant epilepsy. Methods: Fifty-five patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, meeting inclusion criteria, were identified from the Pediatric Neurology Clinic database with seizure onset less than age 13 years and a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Seizure remission was defined as no more than 1 seizure/year. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate the annual probability of seizure remission. Chi-square/Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to detect differences in predictors between those with seizure remission, ≥75% improvement and <75% improvement based on caregiver reports. Results: Median follow-up was 11 years. Of 55, 22 (40%) were in seizure remission at last contact; 14 (25.4%) improved by ≥75%; 19 (34.5%) experienced <75% improvement. Annual remission probability was 3% in IQ ≥70 group and 2.48% in IQ <70 group ( P = .126). Conclusion: This study shows patients with drug-resistant epilepsy treated in urban India can expect an overall remission rate of 2% per year starting from the third year of follow-up.
Dental Restoration Longevity among Geriatric and Special Needs Patients
Authors: Caplan D.J. , Li Y. , Wang W. , Kang S. , Marchini L. , Cowen H.J. , Yan J. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Although the population is aging and retaining more teeth, there is a lack of studies that address the longevity of dental restorations placed among older adults. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the survival trajectory of dental restorations placed in an outpatient population of geriatric and adult special needs patients over a 15-y span, with particular interest in the longevity of subsequent restorations in teeth that received multiple restorations over time. Methods: Dental restorations of different types and sizes in patients aged ≥65 y treated between 2000 and 2014 at the University of Iowa College of Dentistry were followed until they incurred an event (i.e., restoration replacement, extraction of the tooth, or endodontic treatment of the tooth). Survival analysis and extended Cox regression models were used to generate hazard ratios for selected predictor variables. Results and Conclusion: A total of 9,184 restorations were followed among 1,551 unique patients. During the follow-up period, 28.7% of these restorations incurred an event, and overall the restorations had a median life span of 6.2 y. In multivariable regression models, after controlling for sex and age, a greater number of restoration surfaces were associated with higher risks of failure, and the initial restoration recorded in the database for each participant tended to have a lower risk of failure than that of restorations that included any of those same surfaces that were placed later. This information could be helpful to older adult patients considering various restorative treatment options during the dental treatment–planning and informed consent process. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Informed decision making with regard to potential treatment options is an important component of health and well-being. The present study could contribute to the improved health of older adult dental patients by providing baseline information that clinicians can use as they discuss different restorative treatment options with these patients and their caregivers during the informed consent process.
rebuffregulates apical luminal matrix to control tube size inDrosophilatrachea
Authors: Chandran Rachana R. , Scholl Aaron , Yang Yuyang , Jiang Lan 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe Drosophila embryonic tracheal network is an excellent model to study tube size. The chitin-based apical luminal matrix and cell polarity are well known to regulate tube size in Drosophila trachea. Defects in luminal matrix and cell polarity lead to tube overexpansion. Here, we address the novel function of the rebuff (reb) gene, which encodes an evolutionarily conserved Smad-like protein. In reb mutants, tracheal tubes are moderately over-elongated. Despite the establishment of normal cell polarity, we observed significantly reduced apical luminal matrix in reb mutants. Among various luminal components, luminal Obstructor-A (ObstA) is drastically reduced. Interestingly, ObstA is localized in vesicle-like structures that are apically concentrated in reb mutants. To investigate the possibility that reb is involved in the endocytosis of ObstA, we analyzed the co-localization of ObstA and endocytic markers in reb mutants. We observed that ObstA is localized in late endosomes and recycling endosomes. This suggests that in reb mutant trachea, endocytosed ObstA is degraded or recycled back to the apical region. However, ObstA vesicles are retained in the apical region and are failed to be secreted to the lumen. Taken together, these results suggest one function of reb is regulating the endocytosis of luminal matrix components.
Microtubule dynamics regulation reconstituted in budding yeast lysates
Authors: Bergman Zane J. , Wong Jonathan , Drubin David G. , Barnes Georjana 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Microtubules (MTs) are important for cellular structure, transport of cargoes and segregation of chromosomes and organelles during mitosis. The stochastic growth and shrinkage of MTs, known as dynamic instability, is necessary for these functions. Previous studies to determine how individual MT-associated proteins (MAPs) affect MT dynamics have been performed either through in vivo studies, which provide limited opportunity for observation of individual MTs or manipulation of conditions, or in vitro studies, which focus either on purified proteins, and therefore lack cellular complexity, or on cell extracts made from genetically intractable organisms. In order to investigate the ensemble activities of all MAPs on MT dynamics using lysates made from a genetically tractable organism, we developed a cell-free assay for budding yeast lysates using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy. Lysates were prepared from yeast strains expressing GFP-tubulin. MT polymerization from pre-assembled MT seeds adhered to a coverslip was observed in real time. Through use of cell division cycle (cdc) and MT depolymerase mutants, we found that MT polymerization and dynamic instability are dependent on the cell cycle state and the activities of specific MAPs.
Intraoperative 2D C-arm and 3D O-arm in children: A comparative phantom study
Authors: Prod'homme M. , Sans-Merce M. , Pitteloud N. , Damet J. , Lascombes P. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose Exposure to ionizing radiation is a concern for children during intraoperative imaging. We aimed to assess the radiation exposure to the paediatric patient with 2D and 3D imaging. Methods To evaluate the radiation exposure, patient absorbed doses to the organs were measured in an anthropomorphic phantom representing a five-year-old child, using thermoluminescent dosimeters. For comparative purposes, organ doses were measured using a C-arm for one minute of fluoroscopy and one acquisition with an O-arm. The cone-beam was centred on the pelvis. Direct and scattered irradiations were measured and compared (Student's t-test). Skin entrance dose rates were also evaluated. Results All radiation doses were expressed in µGy. Direct radiation doses of pelvic organs were between 631.22 and 1691.87 for the O-arm and between 214.08 and 737.51 for the C-arm, and were not significant (p = 0.07). Close scattered radiation on abdominal organs were between 25.11 and 114.85 for the O-arm and between 8.03 and 55.34 for the C-arm, and were not significant (p = 0.07). Far scattered radiation doses on thorax, neck and head varied from 0.86 to 6.42 for the O-arm and from 0.04 to 3.08 for the C-arm, and were significant (p = 0.02). The dose rate at the skin entrance was 328.58 µGy.s−1 for the O-arm and 1.90 with the C-arm. Conclusion During imaging of the pelvis, absorbed doses for a 3D O-arm acquisition were higher than with one minute fluoroscopy with the C-arm. Further clinical studies comparing effective doses are needed to assess ionizing risks of the intraoperative imaging systems in children.
Moving from the second to the third generation Roche PTH assays: what are the consequences for clinical practice?
Authors: Dupuy Anne Marie , Bargnoux Anne Sophie , Morena Marion , Lauret Emilie , Souberbielle Jean Claude , Cavalier Etienne , Cristol Jean Paul 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
The determination of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is essential for exploring phosphocalcic disorders especially in patients with renal failure. At present, second or third generation PTH assays are available on the market from Roche Diagnostics as well as from others companies but the lack of standardization has complicated the interpretation.

Methods
We wanted to assess the clinical impact by measuring the PTH levels with the two generations concomitantly on different groups of populations including 46 healthy, 103 pre-dialyzed and 73 hemodialyzed (HD) patients.

Results
In healthy subjects, the PTH concentrations were not different whatever the generation used, whereas beyond 200 pg/mL, we reported an overestimation of the second generation PTH. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3–5 the observed differences between the two generations increase with increasing PTH levels and decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Classification according to the kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) revealed a high percentage of discordant results between the two generations (κ coefficient <0.20). These discrepancies are clinically relevant as PTH levels remain the cornerstone for diagnosis and treatment of the CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD).

Conclusions
The introduction of a new PTH assay generation in clinical practice should be carried out with caution.
Antibiotic Residue in the Aquatic Environment: Status in Africa
Authors: Faleye A.C. , Adegoke A.A. , Ramluckan K. , Bux Faizal , Stenström T. A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInformation on the presence of antibiotics is sparse for all types of water in Africa, including groundwater, surface water, effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and municipal potable water. With the relatively high sales of different antibiotics to treat infectious diseases in the human population of Africa, the residual of the antibiotics is bound to be released through excretion via urine or fecal matter in parallel to the high sales. This article reviews the published analysis on the occurrence of antibiotics in the environment particularly in the aquatic environment in some countries in Africa. In general, sulfamethoxazole was the most commonly detected in Africa surface water (with eight reports from four countries) at a concentration range of 0.00027 – 39 μgL-1. Wastewater analysis is believed to give an early warning for preventing epidemics. Thus, we discuss the associated level of antibiotic resistance to some prevalent diseases in Africa whose aetiological agents can develop antibiotic resistance due to exposure to antibiotic residue in water. This is important because of rising population of immuno-deficient African residents ravaged by HIV/AIDS, poor nutrition and less efficient sanitation systems.
Does heart rate variability improve prediction of failed extubation in preterm infants?
Authors: Silva Marciali Gonçalves Fonseca , Gregório Michele Lima , de Godoy Moacir Fernandes 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Prematurity and its respective comorbidities may result in longer periods of mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICU). A method for the assessment of organic maturity would be useful for this population. Heart rate variability (HRV), as an indicator of homeostasis, is a well-established tool for this approach. The objective of the study was to assess HRV in intubated preterm infants in ICU immediately prior to extubation and correlate HRV with clinical evaluation outcomes.

Methods
A total of 46 preterm infants, 13 (28.2%) males, were prospectively studied and divided into a group with failed extubation (FEG: n=11) and a group with successful extubation (SEG: n=35). HRV was evaluated in time, frequency and nonlinear domains with a Polar RS800 device. HRV measurements were assessed with Kubios HRV Premium Software and statistically analyzed with the StatsDirect Statistical Software, version 1.9.2015 (2002). P<0.05 values were considered as statistically significant.

Results
There were no significant differences between heart rate variables of failed and successful extubation when analyzing the total group. However, the analysis of the sub-group of preterm infants weighing less than 1000 g showed a clear differentiation between the groups, when the nonlinear variables (approximate entropy, sample entropy and multiscale entropy 1, 2 and 3) were used, demonstrating that the group with successful extubation shows greater complexity and, therefore, relatively greater autonomic stability.

Conclusion
HRV was effective in predicting failed extubation in preterm infants when evaluated in a nonlinear domain and in preterm infants weighing less than 1000 g.
A generative Markov model for bowling scores
Authors: VanDerwerken Douglas , Kenter Franklin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe create a data-driven Markov model for generating 10-pin bowling scores from the Professional Bowlers Association. The model incorporates insights from the hot hand literature and makes use of Bayesian shrinkage. For realistic sample sizes, the proposed approach is superior to modeling via the empirical distribution. Investigation of player-specific model components allows for a richer comparison of players than is possible using raw game scores alone. An additional feature of the model is that it can be used for in-game prediction.