bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entre Robespierre et Napoléon: a les paradoxes de la mémoire républicaine sous la monarchie de Juillet
Authors: Hazareesingh Sudhir , Nabulsi Karma 
Published: March 2018

RésuméLe publiciste Albert Laponneraye jouissait d’une immense réputation dans les milieux républicains sous la monarchie de Juillet. Ardent robespierriste, il se décrivait comme issu d’une génération qui avait juré « haine et mort à la tyrannie »: c’est à travers cette notion de haine, composante essentielle d’une déontologie de la vertu, que nous analyserons sa culture politique républicaine. Cette haine provoquait aussi des instabilités qui révélaient les tensions (tout à la fois théoriques, pratiques, et mémorielles) auxquelles étaient confrontés les républicains; les rapports complexes entretenus par Laponneraye avec le mythe napoléonien en témoignent.
Production et reproduction d’un monument: le stupa de Sanchi dans l’Inde coloniale
Authors: Guha-Thakurta Tapati 
Published: March 2018

RésuméLe site de Sanchi, dans l’État de Bhopal, a connu bien des vicissitudes depuis la première description qu’en fit un officier de l’armée des Indes en 1819. Cet ensemble de stupas bouddhistes du IIIesiècle avant notre ère est passé de l’état de ruine et de relique à celui de monument en un peu plus de deux siècles. L’histoire de cette transformation est aussi celle de l’Inde coloniale et celle de l’archéologie indienne, qui toutes deux se structurent durant le XIXesiècle. Le site se trouve ainsi au centre de plusieurs évolutions: celle des techniques archéologiques et de reproduction de l’image; celle de l’emprise institutionnelle de l’État colonial et la place grandissante du patrimoine dans l’élaboration de l’Inde indépendante; celle, enfin, de la montée des nationalismes et des religions dans l’Inde contemporaine. L’auteur donne ainsi à voir les différentes strates de sens qui sont en concurrence pour la reconstruction des passés « véritables » de Sanchi.
Mimesis littéraire et connaissance morale La tradition de l’« éthopée »
Authors: Carnevali Barbara , Audegean Philippe 
Published: March 2018

RésuméCet article vise à expliquer la valeur cognitive de certaines œuvres littéraires grâce au concept d’« éthopée » (mimesis morale, peinture de mœurs). Cette notion d’origine rhétorique peut être élargie pour indiquer un genre transversal qui se situe au point d’intersection idéal entre littérature et connaissance, et qui peut être pratiqué par toutes les « sciences morales » – l’histoire, l’anthropologie, la sociologie, la psychologie, etc. – se rapportant à la réalité humaine par le biais d’une représentation phénoménologique de l’ethos(caractère/mœurs au double sens individuel et collectif). On présentera donc cette conception de l’éthopée, dont on retracera la fortune à travers quelques jalons marquants de la tradition « moraliste » occidentale, d’Aristote et Théophraste aux romanciers réalistes modernes, en soulignant les continuités et les discontinuités qui ont caractérisé cette tradition, ainsi que les relations entre littérature et sciences humaines.
Traversées dans le temps
Authors: Lenclud Gérard 
Published: March 2018

RésuméEn l’espace de quelque dix années, François Hartog propose au public une succession d’écrits qui, en dépit de la résonance quelque peu emphatique de ce terme, constitue à mes yeux une véritable œuvre. Il s’agit évidemment d’une œuvre d’historien, d’un historien de l’Antiquité qui est également un historien de l’histoire. Pourtant, cette œuvre d’historien se prolonge sous la forme d’une œuvre de pensée dans le sens que donne à cette expression inhabituelle Claude Lefort. « Par œuvre de pensée, écrit ce dernier, je veux désigner ce qui n’est ni œuvre d’art ni production de la science, qui s’ordonne en fonction d’une intention de connaissance et à quoi pourtant le langage est essentiel. » Je m’en expliquerai le moment venu, à l’instant de me pencher plus particulièrement sur Régimes d’historicité, cet
Naissance de l’industrie cinématographique: Les brevets aux États-Unis et en Europe (1895-1908)
Authors: Mangolte Pierre-André 
Published: March 2018

RésuméCet article porte sur l’émergence historique de l’industrie cinématographique aux États-Unis et en Europe entre 1895 et 1908, et sur le rôle de l’institution des patents (ou « brevets d’invention ») dans l’essor et la définition des nouvelles activités économiques. Il porte aussi sur les théories et justifications économiques de l’institution. Cette période est dominée par les revendications de l’inventeur Thomas Edison, ce qui conduisit à une guerre des patents prolongée aux États-Unis qui handicapa fortement la production et donna finalement naissance à un monopole (la Motion Picture Patents Company). À l’inverse, en Europe et plus particulièrement en France, on constate un essor rapide de l’industrie dans une forme directement concurrentielle. L’analyse comparative systématique met alors en évidence les causes de ces évolutions si dissemblables, c’est-à-dire deux configurations historiques différentes des droits de propriété intellectuelle et deux définitions différentes de l’institution elle-même. L’étude peut ainsi éclairer le débat théorique récurrent (et contemporain) sur la définition (largeur, profondeur, renforcement, etc.) de l’institution des brevets.
La disparition du barbier chirurgien: Analyse d’une mutation professionnelle au XVIIIesiècle
Authors: Rabier Christelle 
Published: March 2018

RésuméLe métier de chirurgien connaît de profonds bouleversements au XVIIIesiècle, qui ont été interprétés comme un « essor » ou une « professionnalisation » réalisés au terme de l’exclusion des barbiers de la pratique de la chirurgie. En étudiant conjointement les corporations de Paris et de Londres, l’article se propose d’étudier la définition du métier de praticien de la chirurgie en analysant les modalités par lesquelles les chirurgiens se sont arrogés un champ de compétence propre, à l’exclusion d’autres corps de métier, comme les barbiers ou les médecins. Ce faisant, il indique comment la compétence chirurgicale s’est trouvée partagée au début de l’époque moderne entre barbiers et chirurgiens, puis met en évidence les causes de la distinction professionnelle, causes à la fois économiques et politiques, qui façonnent une nouvelle identité professionnelle, savante, se plaçant au service des empires.
Le travail à l’œuvre: Enquête sur l’autorité contingente du créateur dans l’art lyrique
Authors: Menger Pierre-Michel 
Published: March 2018

RésuméRompue à l’analyse du travail, de l’emploi, des professions et des organisations, la sociologie qui explore les arts convainc beaucoup moins dans l’étude d’œuvres spécifiques. Traiter l’œuvre comme le résultat d’un processus peut permettre d’aller plus loin, grâce à l’examen des facteurs de variabilité qui lui impriment ses caractéristiques. En aval de la production de l’œuvre, la variabilité tient à sa réception, ses mises en forme éditoriales et ses interprétations. Mais elle est aussi logée au cœur du travail: ses multiples produits intermédiaires – esquisses, brouillons, ajustements de circonstance et révisions définitives – font entrevoir le cours incertain de l’invention. Comment relier les deux versants? Cet article propose un cadre théorique et l’applique à la production lyrique, à partir d’études de cas (opéras de Verdi, Moussorgsky, Puccini, Berg). Il montre que les œuvres du répertoire ne peuvent délivrer un flux indéfini de services esthétiques, de revenus financiers et de connaissances savantes, et se transformer ainsi en biens intermédiaires durables, que si elles demeurent sujettes à d’incessantes interventions.
Advancing the Practice of Pediatric Psychology With Transgender Youth: State of the Science, Ongoing Controversies, and Future Directions
Authors: Chen Diane , Edwards-Leeper Laura , Stancin Terry , Tishelman Amy 
Published: March 2018

Growing numbers of transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) youth are presenting for medical and mental health care, and increasingly, pediatric psychologists are being called upon to serve as critical members of interdisciplinary care teams. In this commentary, we present information on TGNC youth in three distinct developmental cohorts: prepubescent TGNC children, peripubertal TGNC youth, and pubertal TGNC adolescents. First, we describe the social, medical, and/or surgical treatments available to each cohort of youth. Next, we address the state of the science related to these treatments. Then, we highlight some of the ongoing controversies related to social, medical and/or surgical interventions that are most relevant to pediatric psychologists and the role they play in gender-affirming care. Finally, we conclude with a call for papers for an upcoming special issue of Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology focused on advancing the practice of pediatric psychology in transgender health care. Implications for Impact Statement This commentary presents information on three distinct cohorts of transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) youth: prepubescent TGNC children, early pubertal TGNC youth, and late pubertal TGNC adolescents. We describe social, medical, and/or surgical treatments available to each group, outcomes research related to these treatments, and ongoing controversies that are most relevant to pediatric psychologists and the role they play on interdisciplinary treatment teams. This information is critical to guide pediatric psychologists as they more frequently encounter TGNC youth in clinical practice and to help propel forward important clinical research.
Characterizing cellular mechanical phenotypes with mechano-node-pore sensing
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Han Sewoon , Lei Andy , Miyano Masaru , Bloom Jessica , Srivastava Vasudha , Stampfer Martha R. , Gartner Zev J. , LaBarge Mark A. , Sohn Lydia L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe mechanical properties of cells change with their differentiation, chronological age, and malignant progression. Consequently, these properties may be useful label-free biomarkers of various functional or clinically relevant cell states. Here, we demonstrate mechano-node-pore sensing (mechano-NPS), a multi-parametric single-cell-analysis method that utilizes a four-terminal measurement of the current across a microfluidic channel to quantify simultaneously cell diameter, resistance to compressive deformation, transverse deformation under constant strain, and recovery time after deformation. We define a new parameter, the whole-cell deformability index (wCDI), which provides a quantitative mechanical metric of the resistance to compressive deformation that can be used to discriminate among different cell types. The wCDI and the transverse deformation under constant strain show malignant MCF-7 and A549 cell lines are mechanically distinct from non-malignant, MCF-10A and BEAS-2B cell lines, and distinguishes between cells treated or untreated with cytoskeleton-perturbing small molecules. We categorize cell recovery time, ΔTr, as instantaneous (ΔTr~0 ms), transient (ΔTr⩽40 ms), or prolonged (ΔTr>40 ms), and show that the composition of recovery types, which is a consequence of changes in cytoskeletal organization, correlates with cellular transformation. Through the wCDI and cell-recovery time, mechano-NPS discriminates between sub-lineages of normal primary human mammary epithelial cells with accuracy comparable to flow cytometry, but without antibody labeling. Mechano-NPS identifies mechanical phenotypes that distinguishes lineage, chronological age, and stage of malignant progression in human epithelial cells.
A designable surface via the micro-molding process
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Xu Lijun , Wu Xuegen , Chen Jing 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA rapid prototyping process was presented to fabricate a nylon honeycomb microstructure coated with parylene C. The surface structure was designed to obtain a hydrophobic surface using the volume of fluid (VOF) model. With the micro-molding technique, the contact angle of the polymer surface could be designed and fabricated by changing the different microstructure surface die-steel mold inserts. For the honeycomb (20 μm width and 60 μm depth) microcavity side wall, an average micro-molding filling percentage of 95% could be achieved by using a three-section constant-pressure molding process. The solid surface wettability is governed by both the geometrical microstructures and the surface energy. A 2 μm parylene C layer was deposited on the nylon honeycomb microsurface to reduce the surface energy. To design honeycomb structures with different microcavity densities, the contact angle of these artificial surfaces could change from 91° to 130°. From a comparison of the contact angle measurements with the different models, the honeycomb-structured microsurface could be described by the Cassie–Baxter model. The errors between the VOF simulation and the measured data were <10%. The drag reduction performance of the honeycomb microplates was investigated in a water tunnel with a high Reynolds number (from 0.5×106 to 4.6×106). As a result, the honeycomb microplates showed a maximum drag reduction rate of 36±0.6% in comparison with the bare plates in such turbulent flow. Benefiting from the replaceable mold insert, more designable microstructure polymer surfaces can be manufactured by this rapid prototyping technique.
Effect of high-frequency loading and parathyroid hormone administration on peri-implant bone healing and osseointegration
Authors: Shibamoto Aya , Ogawa Toru , Duyck Joke , Vandamme Katleen , Naert Ignace , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study is to examine the effect of low-magnitude, high-frequency (LMHF) loading, and anti-osteoporosis medications such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bisphosphonates on peri-implant bone healing in an osteoporosis model, and to assess their combined effects on these processes. Thirteen-week-old ovariectomized rats (n = 44) were divided into three groups: PTH, alendronate, and saline. After 3 weeks of drug administration, titanium implants were inserted into the tibiae. Each group was subdivided into two groups: with or without LMHF loading via whole-body vibration (50 Hz at 0.5 g, 15 min per day, 5 days per week). Rats were killed 4 weeks following implantation. Removal torque test, micro-CT analyses (relative gray (RG) value, water = 0, and implant = 100), and histomorphometric analyses (bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and peri-implant bone formation (bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV))) were performed. Removal torque values and BIC were significantly differed by loading and drug administration (ANOVA). Post hoc analysis showed that PTH-treated groups were significantly higher than the other drug-treated groups. BV/TV was significantly enhanced by PTH administration. In cortical bone, RG values were significantly increased by loading. In trabecular bone, however, RG values were significantly increased by PTH administration. These findings suggest that LMHF loading and PTH can act locally and additively on the bone healing process, improving the condition of implant osseointegration.
LncFZD6 initiates Wnt/β-catenin and liver TIC self-renewal through BRG1-mediated FZD6 transcriptional activation
Authors: Chen Zhenzhen , Gao Yanfeng , Yao Lintong , Liu Yating , Huang Lan , Yan Zhongyi , Zhao Wenshan , Zhu Pingping , Weng Haibo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLiver tumor-initiating cells (TICs), the drivers for liver tumorigenesis, accounts for liver tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance and relapse. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway emerges as a critical modulator in liver TIC self-renewal. However, the molecular mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin initiation in liver tumorigenesis and liver TICs is still elusive. Here, we examined the expression pattern of 10 Wnt receptors (FZD1–FZD10), and found only FZD6 is overexpressed along with liver tumorigenesis. What’s more, a divergent lncRNA of FZD6, termed lncFZD6, is also highly expressed in liver cancer and liver TICs. LncFZD6 drives liver TIC self-renewal and tumor initiation capacity through FZD6-dependent manner. LncFZD6 interacts with BRG1-embedded SWI/SNF complex and recruits it to FZD6 promoter, and thus drives the transcriptional initiation of FZD6 by chromatin remodeling. WNT5A, a ligand of FZD6, is highly expressed in liver non-TICs and drives the self-renewal of liver TICs through lncFZD6-BRG1-FZD6-dependent manner. Through FZD6 transcriptional regulation in cis, lncFZD6 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in liver TICs. LncFZD6-BRG1-Wnt5A/β-catenin pathway can serve as a target for liver TIC elimination. Altogether, lncFZD6 promotes Wnt/β-catenin activation and liver TIC self-renewal through BRG1-dependent FZD6 expression.
Cigarette smoke stimulates the stemness of renal cancer stem cells via Sonic Hedgehog pathway
Authors: Qian Weiwei , Kong Xiaochuan , Zhang Tao , Wang Dengdian , Song Jin , Li Yuan , Li Xiaoting , Geng Hao , Min Jie , Kong Qi , Liu Jie , Liu Zhiqi , Wang Daming , Zhang Zhiqiang , Yu Dexin , Zhong Caiyun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are essentially responsible for tumor initiation, growth, progression, metastasis and recurrence, and cigarette smoke (CS) is closely involved in the occurrence and development of kidney cancer. However, the effect of CS on renal CSCs has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, tumorsphere formation assay was used to enrich renal CSCs from 786-O and ACHN cells. We illustrated that CS effectively promoted renal CSCs stemness by enhancing tumorsphere formation, increasing the expression of renal CSCs markers (CD133, CD44, ALDHA1, Oct4, and Nanog) and elevating CD133+ cell population. Moreover, our results showed that CS triggered the activation of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway, while inhibition of SHH pathway dampened the promotive effects of CS on renal CSCs. Finally, higher levels of renal CSCs markers and SHH pathway-related proteins were observed in kidney cancer tissues from smokers than non-smoking cancer tissues. Taken together, these results demonstrated the important role of SHH pathway in regulating CS-induced renal CSCs stemness augment. Findings from this study could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of CS-elicited stemness of renal CSCs.
Double agents: genes with both oncogenic and tumor-suppressor functions
Authors: Shen Libing , Shi Qili , Wang Wenyuan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe role of genetic components in cancer development is an area of interest for cancer biologists in general. Intriguingly, some genes have both oncogenic and tumor-suppressor functions. In this study, we systematically identified these genes through database search and text mining. We find that most of them are transcription factors or kinases and exhibit dual biological functions, e.g., that they both positively and negatively regulate transcription in cells. Some cancer types such as leukemia are over-represented by them, whereas some common cancer types such as lung cancer are under-represented by them. Across 12 major cancer types, while their genomic mutation patterns are similar to that of oncogenes, their expression patterns are more similar to that of tumor-suppressor genes. Their expression profile in six human organs propose that they mainly function as tumor suppressor in normal tissue. Our network analyses further show they have higher network degrees than both oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes and thus tend to be the hub genes in the protein–protein interaction network. Our mutation, expression spectrum, and network analyses might help explain why some cancer types are specifically associated with them. Finally, our results suggest that the functionally altering mutations in “double-agent” genes and oncogenes are the main driving force in cancer development, because non-silent mutations are biasedly distributed toward these two gene sets across all 12 major cancer types.
SUMOylation modulates FOXK2-mediated paclitaxel sensitivity in breast cancer cells
Authors: Nestal de Moraes Gabriela , Ji Zongling , Fan Lavender Y.-N. , Yao Shang , Zona Stefania , Sharrocks Andrew D. , Lam Eric W.-F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe forkhead transcription factor FOXK2 plays a critical role in suppressing tumorigenesis and mediating cytotoxic drug action in breast cancer. However, the mechanism by which the biological function of FOXK2 is regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of SUMOylation in modulating FOXK2-mediated drug sensitivity. We identified SUMOylation consensus motifs within the FOXK2 sequence and constructed two SUMOylation-defective double mutants by converting lysine 527 and 633 to arginines and glutamic acid 529 and 635 to alanines, respectively. We found that both the FOXK2 SUMOylation-deficient (K527/633 R) and (E529/635 A) mutants were ineffective in mediating the cytotoxic function of paclitaxel when compared to the wild-type (WT) FOXK2. When overexpressed, unlike the wild-type (WT) FOXK2, the K527/633 R mutant had little effect on the sensitivity of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells to paclitaxel, as examined by cell viability and clonogenic assays. Our results also showed that MCF-7 cells overexpressing the K527/633 R mutant form of FOXK2 or the empty expression vector have lower protein and mRNA levels of its tumour suppressive transcriptional target FOXO3 compared to the wild-type FOXK2. Consistently, ChIP assays revealed that unlike wild-type FOXK2, the SUMOylation-defective (K527/633 R) mutant is unable to bind to the FOXO3 promoter, despite expressing comparable levels of protein and having the same subcellular localization as the wild-type FOXK2 in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, expression of neither the wild-type nor the K527/633 R mutant FOXK2 had any effect on the proliferation and paclitaxel sensitivity of the MCF-7 TaxR paclitaxel-resistant cells. In agreement, both the wild-type and the (K527/633 R) mutant FOXK2 failed to bind to the endogenous FOXO3 promoter in these cells. Collectively, our results suggest that SUMOylation positively regulates FOXK2 transcriptional activity and has a role in mediating the cytotoxic response to paclitaxel through the tumour suppressor FOXO3.