bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Using Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon Sensors to Detect Magnifier Usage by Low Vision Patients
Authors: Bittner Ava Katherine , Jacobson Andrew J. , Khan Rakin 
Published: August 2018

SIGNIFICANCE
We demonstrated proof of concept for the potential for Bluetooth low energy beacons to reliably collect data to serve as an indicator that low vision patients are using handheld magnifiers for reading, which might be used in the future to prevent the abandonment of magnification or other assistive devices.

PURPOSE
Bluetooth low energy beacons are an emerging novel technology involving tiny sensors that collect real-time, continuous, objective data, which might help to ascertain the abandonment of low vision devices in a timely manner, thus prompting a follow-up evaluation to attempt to resolve issues. We evaluated whether Bluetooth beacon data could indicate when low vision patients used handheld optical magnifiers for reading.

METHODS
We recorded temperature and/or relative humidity data from Estimote sticker and BlueMaestro Tempo Disc beacons attached to handles of optical magnifiers used for reading by low vision patients in clinic (n = 16) and at home (n = 3).

RESULTS
In the clinic, patients whose hand/fingers made direct versus indirect contact with Estimote beacons had greater temperature increases on average from baseline after 30 seconds (0.73°C vs. 0.28°C), 60 seconds (1.04°C vs. 0.40°C), 90 seconds (1.39°C vs. 0.60°C), 105 to 120 seconds (1.59°C vs. 0.62°C), and 135 to 150 seconds (2.07°C vs. 0.97°C). During magnifier usage at home, BlueMaestro beacons measured rapidly increased temperature (5.6°C per minute on average; range 2.7 to 7.3°C) and relative humidity (19.4% per minute on average; range 8.7 to 34%). Humidity tended to reach its maximum increase and return back to baseline significantly more quickly than temperature (P = .007). All increases during magnifier usage were much greater than the maximum room fluctuations without use (clinic, 0.2°C over 120 seconds; home, 0.6°C and 2.4% over 1 minute). The beacons were nonintrusive and acceptable by patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Estimote and BlueMaestro beacons can reliably detect temperature and/or humidity increases when held by low vision patients while reading with a magnifier.
Recommendations on the Indications for RBC Transfusion for the Critically Ill Child Receiving Support From Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Ventricular Assist, and Renal Replacement Therapy Devices From the Pediatric Critical Care Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative
Authors: Bembea Melania M. , Cheifetz Ira M. , Fortenberry James D. , Bunchman Timothy E. , Valentine Stacey L. , Bateman Scot T. , Steiner Marie E. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives:
To present recommendations and supporting literature for RBC transfusions in critically ill children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist devices, or renal replacement therapy.

Design:
Consensus conference series of international, multidisciplinary experts in RBC transfusion management of critically ill children.

Methods:
The panel of 38 experts developed evidence-based, and when evidence was lacking, expert-based clinical recommendations as well as research priorities for RBC transfusions in critically ill children. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation/ventricular assist device/renal replacement therapy subgroup included six experts. We conducted electronic searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from 1980 to May 2017, using medical subject heading terms and text words to define concepts of RBC transfusion, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist device, and renal replacement therapy. We used a standardized data extraction form to construct evidence tables and graded the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system. Recommendations developed and supporting literature were reviewed and scored by all panel members. Agreement was obtained using the Research and Development/UCLA Appropriateness Method.

Results:
For inpatients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist device, or renal replacement therapy support, there was expert agreement (> 80%) on five good practice statements aimed to improve accuracy and uniform reporting of RBC transfusion data in pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist device, and renal replacement therapy studies and quality improvement projects; four clinical recommendations of physiologic metrics and biomarkers of oxygen delivery, in addition to hemoglobin concentration, to guide RBC transfusion, acknowledging insufficient evidence to recommend specific RBC transfusion strategies; and eight research recommendations.

Conclusions:
Further research surrounding indications, risks, benefits, and alternatives to RBC transfusion in children on extracorporeal devices is clearly needed. Using a structured literature review and grading process, the Transfusion and Anemia Expertise Initiative panel concluded that there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend specific RBC transfusion variables in children requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ventricular assist device, or renal replacement therapy support.
Examining the Appropriateness and Motivations Behind Low-Acuity Pediatric Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Haasz Maya , Ostro Daniel , Scolnik Dennis 
Published: August 2018

Objectives
High patient volumes have a deleterious effect on care in the pediatric emergency department (PED). Our study assessed the motivation for PED visits that could have been assessed by a primary care physician.

Methods
We identified a convenience sample of patients presenting to the SickKids Hospital PED in June and July 2011 with a Paediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity Score 4 or 5. Patients completed a forced answer yes/no survey describing potential motivators for visiting the PED. Visit appropriateness was determined by a modified version of the DeAngelis tool, an explicit criteria-based tool frequently used for this purpose.

Results
Of the included 635 patients with Paediatric Canadian Triage and Acuity Score 4 and 5, 25% were truly inappropriate as per DeAngelis criteria. Of these, perceived expertise at the tertiary care hospital (93.1%) and ease of getting tests (80.8%) were the most common reasons behind PED presentation.

Conclusions
Patients presenting to our PED typically have primary care physicians; however, access to their physicians during off-hours and availability of off-site testing is limited. Public policy aimed at decreasing overcrowding in the PED should address these themes.
Retrospective Analysis of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography Effectiveness in Reducing Time to Diagnosis and Imaging-related Expenditures at a Single Large United States County Hospital
Authors: Streb Jeffrey W. , Tchelepi Hisham , Malhi Harshawn , Deurdulian Corinne , Grant Edward G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Hepatic and renal lesions detected during ultrasound examinations frequently require subsequent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for characterization, delaying time to imaging diagnosis and increasing overall health care expenditures. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) is a comparatively low-cost diagnostic tool that is underutilized in the evaluation of such indeterminate or suspicious hepatic and renal lesions. A retrospective chart review of CEUS examinations performed in our department demonstrated significantly shorter time to imaging diagnosis with CEUS compared to CT or MRI, largely due to the ability to perform the CEUS examination at the time of initial examination. For example mean time to completion for outpatient examinations was 5.2, 52.3, and 123.5 days for CEUS, CT, and MRI, respectively. The majority (78.4%) of CEUS examinations were completed the same day as the initial examination. Additionally, 66.7% of CEUS examinations were deemed diagnostic, abrogating further workup with CT or MRI in most cases. Annual imaging cost reduction of up to US $117,000 is anticipated in our institution based on projected reductions in follow-up CT and MRI examinations. These results indicate when CEUS was used as a first step to characterize both incidental lesions in patients without known risk factors for malignancy as well as suspicious lesions in patients with risk factors it can greatly reduce time to diagnosis and health care expenditures.
Positioning Techniques to Improve the Ultrasound Evaluation of the Elbow
Authors: Mezian Kamal , Machač Stanislav , Zavareh Ali , Majerníková Lucia , Vacek Jan , Navrátil Leoš , Schmitz Marc 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We introduce an ergonomic positioning for sonographic scanning of elbow joint where the patient is lying semisupine on the examination bed. This is in contrast with the conventional positioning where the patient is sitting on the edge of the bed or across the table on a chair. Our proposed positioning is more comfortable for both the patient and ultrasound practitioner. It also allows immediate ultrasound-guided injections with lesser risk regarding a vasovagal syncope of the patient.
Biogeography and Edaphic Factors Structure Coastal Sediment Microbial Communities More than Vegetation Removal by Sudden Vegetation Dieback
Authors: Gorham Courtney , Barry Aidan , Lawrence Beth A. , Stevena Blaire 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDevelopment of sudden vegetation dieback (SVD), a phenomenon that causes the rapid mortality of salt marsh plants, specifically Spartina alterniflora, has affected large-scale alterations in Atlantic coastal systems, through the often-complete removal of vegetation. In this study, two wetlands that differ in the time since development of SVD were compared in order to study biogeographic and temporal patterns that structure coastal wetland microbial communities and their response to disturbance.Biogeographic and edaphic factors that distinguished the two wetlands, such as differing salinity, water content, and soil carbon and nitrogen between the sites were more strongly associated with sediment microbial community structure than either sampling date or SVD development. In fact, no OTUs differed in abundance due to the season samples were collected, or vegetation loss due to SVD. This is not to say that SVD did not alter the composition of the microbial communities. The taxonomic composition of sediment communities in SVD-affected sediments was more heterogeneous between samples and a small number of OTUs were enriched in the vegetated sediments. Yet, these data suggest that coastal wetland sediment communities are predominantly shaped by environmental conditions and are generally resilient to temporal cycles or ecosystem disturbances.ImportanceOne of the challenges of microbial ecology is predicting how microbial communities will respond to ecosystem change. Yet, few studies have addressed whether microbial responses to disturbance are consistent over space or time. In this study we employ SVD as a natural vegetation removal experiment and compare the sediment microbial communities between two geographically separated wetlands (ca 125 km). In this manner, we uncover a hierarchical structuring of the microbial communities, being predominantly governed by biogeography, with lesser effects due to disturbance, or temporal dynamics.
Why pro‐life arguments still are not convincing: A reply to my critics
Authors: Räsänen Joona 
Published: August 2018

AbstractI argued in ‘Pro‐life arguments against infanticide and why they are not convincing’ that arguments presented by pro‐life philosophers are mistaken and cannot show infanticide to be immoral. Several scholars have offered responses to my arguments. In this paper, I reply to my critics: Daniel Rodger, Bruce P. Blackshaw and Clinton Wilcox. I also reply to Christopher Kaczor. I argue that pro‐life arguments still are not convincing.
THE ROLE OF PATENTS IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Comino Stefano , Manenti Fabio M. , Thumm Nikolaus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDuring the last few decades, the number of patents in information and communication technologies has increased considerably. An increasing number of patents and the associated fragmentation of IP rights have generated a series of potentially problematic consequences. Patent thickets, royalty stacking, the emergence of patent assertion entities, increased patent litigation – particularly around standard essential patents – and the difficulties with defining fair, reasonable, and nondiscriminatory licensing terms are some of the most debated issues in the literature that we review in this paper. We devote a specific section of our survey to patent quality, currently one of the most debated issues surrounding the patent system. In our analysis, we mix theoretical and empirical arguments with a more policy‐oriented reasoning. This allows us to better position the different issues in the relevant political and economic context.
IMPLICIT BANK DEBT GUARANTEES: COSTS, BENEFITS AND RISKS
Authors: Schich Sebastian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe expectation by market participants that public authorities might bailout the creditors of banks that are considered too important for financial system stability or another reason to be allowed to fail, is commonly referred to as an implicit guarantee. Public authorities do not have any explicit commitment to intervene; they may even honestly state that they not want to do so ex ante, but may feel compelled to do so ex post. A declared policy aim is to limit the value of implicit guarantees by making banks stronger, more easily resolvable in case of distress, as well as by imposing extra charges that rise as banks become more systemically important. As part of the latter approach, globally systemically important banks are identified and subjected to more costly and intrusive regulation. There is little evidence that specific approach has been successful so far. There is some evidence that the introduction of new resolution frameworks has been helpful, while the use of newly available resolution tools and the involvement of bank creditors in the burden sharing associated with bank failure resolution has significantly reduced the value of implicit bank debt guarantees, where it occurred. In that sense, actions speak louder than words.
CRYPTO‐CURRENCIES – AN INTRODUCTION TO NOT‐SO‐FUNNY MONEYS
Authors: Smith Christie , Kumar Aaron 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe introduce the distributed ledger (blockchain) technology of crypto‐currencies. We examine the ‘monetary’ attributes of crypto‐currencies, and describe some of the reasons they have been adopted. The paper discusses the mechanics of Bitcoin – the original crypto‐currency – to illustrate the fundamental elements of decentralized crypto‐currencies. We then provide a high‐level summary of the implications of crypto‐currencies for consumers, financial systems, and for monetary and regulatory authorities. We argue that crypto‐currencies are unlikely to supplant traditional fiat currencies and we anticipate an enduring role for financial intermediaries in facilitating credit.
Pleural effusion in a geriatric cat
Authors: Hele Elizabeth 
Published: August 2018

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Pleural effusion in a geriatric cat’, was submitted and is discussed by Elizabeth Hele. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue.The series is being coordinated by Dr Steven McCulloch, acting director of the Centre for Animal Welfare, University of Winchester. It aims to provide a framework that will help practising veterinarians find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Spectrum ofELANEmutations in congenital neutropenia: a single-centre study in patients of Indian origin
Authors: Arun A Kumar , Senthamizhselvi Anandan , Hemamalini Suresh , Edison Eunice S , Korula Anu , Fouzia N A , George Biju , Mathews Vikram , Balasubramanian Poonkuzhali 
Published: August 2018

AimsCongenital and cyclical neutropenia are rare inherited diseases that result in recurrent life-threatening bacterial infections due to a deficiency of mature neutrophils. Cyclical neutropenia is usually caused by heterozygousELANEmutations while congenital neutropenia is genetically heterogeneous with mutations in genes likeELANE, HAX-1, G6PC3andGFI1.The presence ofELANEmutation aids in the establishment of diagnosis and rules out other secondary causes of neutropenia such as autoimmune cytopenia and evolving aplasia. Further, patients withELANEmutations are also at a high risk of developing myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukaemia. Hence it is important to screen for these mutations in patients presenting with neutropenia early in life.MethodsThe study included 52 patients who were evaluated for inherited neutropenia. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes and mutation analysis was done by bidirectional Sanger sequencing.ResultsTen different missense, frameshift or splice site variants inELANEgene were identified in 11 patients: c.125C>T (p.Pro42Leu), c.164G>A (p.Cys55Tyr), c.169G>A (p.Ala57Thr), c.179T>C (p.Ile60Thr), c.770C>T (p.Pro257Leu), c.367–8C>A, c.597+1G>A along with three novel mutations c.302T>A (p.Val101Glu), c.468G>T (p.Try156Cys) and c.596delT (Phe199Ser fs*13). Family studies were available for three patients and, in all three instances, the mutation had a de novo origin.ConclusionThe widespread distribution of mutations suggests the need to screen all the exons inELANEgene for proper characterisation of the genotype.
Foster care, syndemic health disparities and associations with HIV/STI diagnoses among young adult substance users
Authors: Buttram Mance E , Pagano Maria E , Kurtz Steven P 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesFoster care history is associated with many health and social problems, including sexual risk behaviours, HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This cross-sectional study compares sexual risk behaviours among a sample of young adult substance users in Miami (N=602) with and without foster care histories.MethodsParticipants completed a comprehensive assessment which included sections on foster care, sexual risk behaviours and related health and social problems. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between foster care history, associated syndemic vulnerabilities and increased likelihood of having a prior HIV/STI diagnosis.ResultsBivariate analyses indicated that foster care alumni were more likely to report a prior HIV/STI diagnosis, higher condomless sex frequencies, being high on alcohol or drugs during sex, sexual victimisation and a history of homelessness compared with other participants in the sample (p<0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that foster care history, sexual victimisation and group sex participation are associated with a prior HIV/STI diagnosis (p<0.05). Group sex participation doubled the odds of a prior HIV/STI diagnosis for foster care alumni, compared with other participants (p<0.5).ConclusionsThis exploratory study identifies characteristics that distinguish foster care alumni from non-alumni and signals the need to better serve the sexual and related health needs of individuals with foster care histories. Clinicians and healthcare providers should provide foster care alumni with detailed HIV/STI risk reduction information and resources and services to address related syndemic vulnerabilities (eg, victimisation and homelessness).
Genomic Alterations Associated with Recurrence and TNBC Subtype in High-Risk Early Breast Cancers
Authors: Wilson Timothy R. , Udyavar Akshata R. , Chang Ching-Wei , Spoerke Jill M. , Aimi Junko , Savage Heidi M. , Daemen Anneleen , O'Shaughnessy Joyce A. , Bourgon Richard , Lackner Mark R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

The identification of early breast cancer patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy has evolved to include assessment of clinicopathologic features such as tumor size and nodal status, as well as several gene-expression profiles for ER-positive, HER2-negative cancers. However, these tools do not reliably identify patients at the greatest risk of recurrence. The mutation and copy-number landscape of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes defined by gene expression is also largely unknown, and elucidation of this landscape may shed light on novel therapeutic opportunities. The USO01062 phase III clinical trial of standard chemotherapy (with or without capecitabine) enrolled a cohort of putatively high-risk patients based on clinical features, yet only observed a 5-year disease-free survival event rate of 11.6%. In order to uncover genomic aberrations associated with recurrence, a targeted next-generation sequencing panel was used to compare tumor specimens from patients who had a recurrence event with a matched set who did not. The somatic mutation and copy-number alteration landscapes of high-risk early breast cancer patients were characterized and alterations associated with relapse were identified. Tumor mutational burden was evaluated but was not prognostic in this study, nor did it correlate with PDL1 or CD8 gene expression. However, TNBC subtypes had substantial genomic heterogeneity with a distinct pattern of genomic alterations and putative underlying driver mutations.

Implications:
The present study uncovers a compendium of genomic alterations with utility to more precisely identify high-risk patients for adjuvant trials of novel therapeutic agents.
Measuring Actual Payment for Biodiversity Protection
Authors: Clements John M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
I report the results of an experiment using a convenience sample of subjects recruited on Amazon Mechanical Turk that examines how religiously and scientifically framed messages about biodiversity loss influence a choice to make donations to protect against biodiversity loss. Subjects who received a religiously framed message were just as likely to make a donation as participants who read a control or scientifically framed message about biodiversity loss. In a subsample of Christians, the religiously framed message did not influence people to make a donation, compared to a control message, while a scientifically framed message increased the likelihood of making a donation. A religiously framed message increased donation amount in Christians, relative to a control message. Because there is a cost associated with biodiversity loss and protection, this research is important to determine how different message framing techniques promote action to prevent further biodiversity loss.
Further Comparisons of Meteorological Soundings by Radio Waves With Radiosonde Data†
Authors: Friend Albert W. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Radio wave pulse echoes can be utilized for continuous recording of all meteorological discontinuities to the base of the stratosphere. Both operations and preliminary theory show that extremely weak reflections are superimposed upon a continuous pulse reflection background up to the base of the stratosphere. This allows observation of almost infinitesimal reflection variations as humps on the general reflection background of reflection coefficient about 10−6 to 10−7 (when 123 meter waves are used). New equipment to replace this now obsolete station awaits utilization.