bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cursed by Oil? Rural Threats, Agricultural Policy Changes and the Impact of Oil on Indonesia's and Nigeria's Rural Development
Authors: Arif Sirojuddin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to re‐examine the linkages between oil and agricultural development. While Indonesia and Nigeria faced similar adjustment problems after the oil boom of 1974, their food production performance showed significant differences. I find that threats from rural forces matter. Rural threats forced the Indonesian government to pursue agricultural policy reforms and use oil revenue to support these reforms. In contrast, the absence of rural threats gave leeway for Nigerian elites to use oil money to reproduce their interests in infrastructural and industrial development at the expense of peasant producers. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complexity of brain activity and connectivity in functional neuroimaging
Authors: Dimitriadis Stavros I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the complexity of human brain dynamics and brain connectivity across the repertoire of functional neuroimaging and various conditions, is of paramount importance. Novel measures should be designed tailored to the input focusing on multichannel activity and dynamic functional brain connectivity (DFBC). Here, we defined a novel complexity index (CI) from the field of symbolic dynamics that quantifies patterns of different words up to a length from a symbolic sequence. The CI characterizes the complexity of the brain activity. We analysed DFBC by adopting the sliding window approach using imaginary part of phase locking value (iPLV) for EEG/ECoG/MEG and wavelet coherence (WC) for fMRI. Both intra and cross‐frequency couplings (CFC) namely phase‐to‐amplitude were estimated using iPLV/WC at every snapshot of the DFBC. Using proper surrogate analysis, we defined the dominant intrinsic coupling mode (DICM) per pair of regions‐of‐interest (ROI). The spatiotemporal probability distribution of DICM were reported to reveal the most prominent coupling modes per condition and modality. Finally, a novel flexibility index is defined that quantifies the transition of DICM per pair of ROIs between consecutive time windows. The whole methodology was demonstrated using four neuroimaging datasets (EEG/ECoG/MEG/fMRI). Finally, we succeeded to totally discriminate healthy controls from schizophrenic using FI and dynamic reconfiguration of DICM. Anaesthesia independently of the drug caused a global decreased of complexity in all frequency bands with the exception in δ and alters the dynamic reconfiguration of DICM. CI and DICM of MEG/fMRI resting‐state recordings in two spatial scales were high reliable.
Neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier disruption following traumatic brain injury: Pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets
Authors: Sulhan Suraj , Lyon Kristopher A. , Shapiro Lee A. , Huang Jason H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is the most frequent cause of death and disability in young adults and children in the developed world, occurring in over 1.7 million persons and resulting in 50,000 deaths in the United States alone. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that between 3.2 and 5.3 million persons in the United States live with a TBI‐related disability, including several neurocognitive disorders and functional limitations. Following the primary mechanical injury in TBI, literature suggests the presence of a delayed secondary injury involving a variety of neuroinflammatory changes. In the hours to days following a TBI, several signaling molecules and metabolic derangements result in disruption of the blood–brain barrier, leading to an extravasation of immune cells and cerebral edema. The primary, sudden injury in TBI occurs as a direct result of impact and therefore cannot be treated, but the timeline and pathophysiology of the delayed, secondary injury allows for a window of possible therapeutic options. The goal of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology of the primary and delayed injury in TBI as well as present several preclinical studies that identify molecular targets in the potential treatment of TBI. Additionally, certain recent clinical trials are briefly discussed to demonstrate the current state of TBI investigation.
Cardiac implantable electronic device infection in the cardiac referral center in Thailand: incidence, microbiology, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Korkerdsup Theerawat , Ngarmukos Tachapong , Sungkanuparph Somnuek , Phuphuakrat Angsana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite the long experience of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation in Thailand, epidemiology of CIED infection in Thailand has never been studied.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at the cardiac referral center in Thailand to investigate incidence of CIED infection and causative organisms between October 2002 and December 2017. A matched case‐control study was performed to determine the factors associated with CIED infection.ResultsIncidence of CIED infection was 0.9% with a stable trend during the studied period. There were 54 episodes of CIED infection. The median (interquartile range) age of the patients was 67.5 (53.0‐75.0) years. A total of 29 (53.7%), 18 (33.3%), and 7 (13.0%) were permanent pacemaker, automatic implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator, and cardio‐resynchronization therapy‐related infection, respectively. Gram‐positive cocci were the most common organism (24 episodes, 44.4%). Gram‐negative bacilli were isolated in six episodes (11.1%). About 9.3% were polymicrobial and 35.2% were culture negative. Multivariate analysis showed that previous CIED infection and generator revision procedure were associated with CIED infection (odds ratio [OR] 48.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.72‐633.62; P = 0.003 and OR 19.99, 95% CI 1.28‐333.24; P = 0.033 respectively). Forty (74.1%) cases were cured. Leaving device in situ was the only factor significantly associated with poor outcome (OR 11.40, 95% CI 1.52‐85.73; P = 0.018).ConclusionsIn Thailand, while CIED implantation is rising, incidence of CIED infection is stable. Microbiology of CIED infection in Thailand is similar to western countries, albeit a higher proportion of negative culture. Previous CIED infection and generator revision procedure are associated with CIED infection.
Creative Metacognitive Feelings as a Source of Information for Creative Self‐efficacy, Creativity Potential, Intrapersonal Idea Selection, and Task Enjoyment
Authors: Puente‐Diaz Rogelio , Cavazos‐Arroyo Judith 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCreativity scholars try to untangle the commonalities and differences between creative self‐beliefs: creative self‐efficacy, creative self‐concept, creative metacognition, and creative role identity. While these efforts are already contributing significantly, we would like to suggest that for creative metacognition, we need to go beyond the assessment of confidence beliefs and regulation and include creative metacognitive feelings and intrapersonal idea selection as two additional components. To test the validity of our proposition, this study examined the influence of creative metacognitive feelings on creative self‐efficacy, creative potential, accurate intrapersonal idea selection (agreement between individuals’ selection of their most creative idea and two independent judges’ selection of the participants’ best idea), and task enjoyment. To elicit metacognitive feelings, participants were randomly assigned to remember and write down two or six instances in their lives in which they generated novel and useful ideas that helped solve a problem. Participants then completed a questionnaire assessing creative self‐efficacy, ease of recall as a proxy of metacognitive feelings, performance on a divergent thinking task, and task enjoyment. Results showed an indirect influence of recalling fewer examples on creative self‐efficacy through its influence on metacognitive feelings. Metacognitive feelings then had an indirect influence, through creative self‐efficacy, on creative potential and task enjoyment.
Novel model for the induction of postnatal murine hip deformity
Authors: Killian Megan L. , Locke Ryan C. , James Michael G. , Atkins Penny R. , Anderson Andrew E. , Clohisy John C. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAcetabular dysplasia is a common, multi‐etiological, pre‐osteoarthritic (OA) feature that can lead to pain and instability of the young adult hip. Despite the clinical significance of acetabular dysplasia, there is a paucity of small animal models to investigate structural and functional changes that mediate morphology of the dysplastic hip and drive the subsequent OA cascade. Utilizing a novel murine model developed in our laboratory, this study investigated the role of surgically induced unilateral instability of the postnatal hip on the initiation and progression of acetabular dysplasia and impingement up to 8‐weeks post‐injury. C57BL6 mice were used to develop titrated levels of hip instability (i.e., mild, moderate, and severe instabillity or femoral head resection) at weaning. Joint shape, acetabular coverage, histomorphology, and statistical shape modeling were used to assess quality of the hip following 8 weeks of destabilization. Acetabular coverage was reduced following severe, but not moderate, instability. Moderate instability induced lateralization of the femur without dislocation, whereas severe instability led to complete dislocation and pseudoacetabulae formation. Mild instability did not result in morphological changes to the hip. Removal of the femoral head led to reduced hip joint space volume. These data support the notion that hip instability, driven by mechanical loss‐of‐function of soft connective tissue, can induce morphometric changes in the growing mouse hip. This work developed a new mouse model to study hip health in the murine adolescent hip and is a useful tool for investigating the mechanical and structural adaptations to hip instability during growth. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Influences of Short‐Term Fasting and Carbohydrate Supplementation on Gut Immunity and Mucosal Morphology in Mice
Authors: Higashizono Kazuya , Fukatsu Kazuhiko , Watkins Ayako , Watanabe Tomoki , Noguchi Midori , Ri Motonari , Murakoshi Satoshi , Yasuhara Hiroshi , Seto Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground: Preoperative carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation has been recommended in enhanced recovery after surgery protocols. However, the effects of CHO supplementation on gut and systemic immunity are not well understood. Methods: Mice (n = 60) were randomized to 1 of the following 5 groups: control (ad lib feeding), 12‐hour fasting without CHO administration (fasting), and 12 hours of fasting with CHO administration at 2, 4, and 8 hours before sacrifice. Then, lymphocytes were isolated from gut‐associated lymphoid tissue, that is, Peyer's patches, the intraepithelial space, and the lamina propria of the small intestine. These lymphocyte numbers and phenotypes were evaluated. IgA levels in respiratory and small‐intestinal washings were determined by ELISA. Morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis of the intestinal epithelium were also evaluated histologically. Results: Although there were no significant differences in IgA levels among the 5 groups, fasting decreased intraepithelial and lamina propria, but not Peyer's patches lymphocyte numbers. CHO at 2 hours prevented lymphocyte loss in intraepithelial, whereas CHO at 4 hours reversed lamina propria lymphocytes numbers. Percentages of lymphocyte phenotypes were similar in each site among the 5 groups. Fasting caused villous atrophy; however, CHO at 2 hours restored villous structure along with maintenance of epithelial cell proliferation rate. Conclusions: Only 12 hours of fasting causes marked gut‐associated lymphoid tissue cell loss along with gut atrophy. However, CHO at 2 hours preserves gut immunity and morphology not completely but moderately.
Dietary Management of Blood Glucose in Medical Critically Ill Overweight and Obese Patients: An Open‐Label Randomized Trial
Authors: Rice Todd W. , Files D. Clark , Morris Peter E. , Bernard Andrew C. , Ziegler Thomas R. , Drover John W. , Kress John P. , Ham Kealy R. , Grathwohl Dominik J. , Huhmann Maureen B. , Gautier Juan B. Ochoa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackground: Enteral nutrition (EN) increases hyperglycemia due to high carbohydrate concentrations while providing insufficient protein. The study tested whether an EN formula with very high‐protein‐ and low‐carbohydrate‐facilitated glucose control delivered higher protein concentrations within a hypocaloric protocol. Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, open‐label clinical trial with parallel design in overweight/obese mechanically ventilated critically ill patients prescribed 1.5 g protein/kg ideal body weight/day. Patients received either an experimental very high‐protein (37%) and low‐carbohydrate (29%) or control high‐protein (25%) and conventional‐carbohydrate (45%) EN formula. Results: A prespecified interim analysis was performed after enrollment of 105 patients (52 experimental, 53 control). Protein and energy delivery for controls and experimental groups on days 1–5 were 1.2 ± 0.4 and 1.1 ± 0.3 g/kg ideal body weight/day (P = .83), and 18.2 ± 6.0 and 12.5 ± 3.7 kcals/kg ideal body weight/day (P < .0001), respectively. The combined rate of glucose events outside the range of >110 and ≤150 mg/dL were not different (P = .54, primary endpoint); thereby the trial was terminated. The mean blood glucose for the control and the experimental groups were 138 (−SD 108, +SD 177) and 126 (−SD 99, +SD 160) mg/dL (P = .004), respectively. Mean rate of glucose events >150 mg/dL decreased (Δ = −13%, P = .015), whereas that of 80–110 mg/dL increased (Δ = 14%, P = .0007). Insulin administration decreased 10.9% (95% CI, −22% to 0.1%; P = .048) in the experimental group relative to the controls. Glycemic events ≤80 mg/dL and rescue dextrose use were not different (P = .23 and P = .53). Conclusions: A very high‐protein and low‐carbohydrate EN formula in a hypocaloric protocol reduces hyperglycemic events and insulin requirements while increasing glycemic events between 80–110 mg/dL.
Involvement of plasma membrane H+‐ATPase in the ammonium‐nutrition response of barley roots
Authors: Zhang Maoxing , Ding Ming , Xu Feiyun , Afzal Muhammad Rahil , Chen Xi , Zeng Houqing , Yan Feng , Zhu Yiyong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a typical ammonium ()‐sensitive crop species and exhibits a futile‐ efflux from root cells. Plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase is responsible for pumping H+ out of plant cells and providing the driving force for the transport of various substances. We hypothesized that PM H+‐ATPase is involved in this efflux process of barley roots. Barley plants were cultivated in hydroponic solution with 1.0 mM or 1.0 mM nitrate () as the sole nitrogen source. Plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from the root tips for analyses of the activity. Plasma membrane H+‐ATPase was tested by Western Blot. The transcription of PM H+‐ATPase genes was analyzed using qRT‐PCR. Proton and efflux from barley roots was analyzed by scanning ion‐selective electrode technique. The results show that root and shoot growth was repressed by nutrition when compared to nutrition. Plasma membrane H+‐ATPase activity of barley roots under nutrition was significantly higher than that under nutrition. Methyl‐ammonium (MeA), a non‐metabolizable analog of , had no significant effect on PM H+‐ATPase activity. The enhanced PM H+‐ATPase activity by nutrition was consistent with a higher abundance of PM H+‐ATPase protein and higher transcription levels of six PM H+‐ATPase genes. By using the pharmacological agents vanadate and fusicoccin, a close linkage was observed between H+ efflux and efflux from barley roots. Taken together, nutrition stimulates PM H+‐ATPase activity, and this stimulation is possibly triggered by assimilation in barley roots. efflux from barley roots is associated with PM H+‐ATPase activity which could provide the driving force for efflux. Ammonium efflux might be considered as a disposal strategy in barley roots which prevents overloading the root cytoplasm.
Replicability of aggregate disruption by sonication—an inter‐laboratory test using three different soils from Germany
Authors: Graf-Rosenfellner Markus , Kayser Gilles , Guggenberger Georg , Kaiser Klaus , Büks Frederik , Kaiser Michael , Mueller Carsten W. , Schrumpf Marion , Rennert Thilo , Welp Gerhard , Lang Friederike 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSonication is widely used for disruption of suspended soil aggregates. Calorimetric calibration allows for determining sonication power and applied energy as a measure for aggregate disrupting forces. Yet other properties of sonication devices (e.g., oscillation frequency and amplitude, sonotrode diameter) as well as procedure details (soil‐to‐water ratio, size, shape, and volume of used containers) may influence the extent of aggregate disruption in addition to the applied energy. In this study, we tested potential bias in aggregate disruption when different devices or procedures are used in laboratory routines. In nine laboratories, three reference soil samples were sonicated at 30 J mL−1 and 400 J mL−1. Aggregate disruption was estimated based on particle size distribution before and after sonication. Size distribution was obtained by standardized submerged sieving for particle size classes 2000–200 and 200–63 µm, and by dynamic imaging for particles < 63 µm. Despite differences in sonication devices and protocols used by the participants, only 16 in 216 tests of samples of the size fractions 2000–200 and 200–63 µm were identified as outliers. For the size fraction < 63 µm, fewer outliers were detected (8 in 324 tests). Four out of nine laboratories produced more than two outliers. In these laboratories, sonication devices differed from the others regarding oscillation frequencies (24 or 30 kHz compared to 20 kHz), sonotrode diameters (10 and 14 mm compared to 13 mm), and sonication power (16 W compared to > 45 W). Thus, these sonication device properties need to be listed when reporting on sonication‐based soil aggregate disruption. The overall small differences in the degree of disruption of soil aggregates between different laboratories demonstrate that sonication with the energies tested (30 and 400 J mL−1) provides replicable results despite the variations regarding procedures and equipment.
Nomograms for prediction of postoperative complications in open partial laryngeal surgery
Authors: Gallo Oreste , Locatello Luca Giovanni , Larotonda Guglielmo , Napoleone Vincenzo , Cannavicci Angelo 
Published: September 2018

Background and ObjectivesPostoperative morbidity after open partial laryngeal surgery (OPLS) may be serious, leading to a prolonged length of hospital stay and increasing costs. We sought to define the predictive factors of complications and to develop nomograms for patients eligible for OPLS based on clinical and surgical data.MethodsWe critically reviewed 535 patients with laryngeal carcinoma who underwent OPLS at our Institution from 1982 to 2007. We have identified patients affected by postoperative local, airway, dysphagia, bleeding, surgical site infection, dehiscence of pexy, emphysema, and laryngocutaneous fistula complications. We have analyzed them according to age, smoking, alcohol, tumor site, clinical T and N classification, type of OPLS and neck dissection, previous treatments. Prognostic factors were considered in a multivariate logistic regression model with backward stepwise elimination and selected to construct and design nomograms for overall and specific complications. The performance was assessed using the c‐index, receiver operating characteristic, and calibration curves.ResultsAge, clinical T classification, type of OPLS, and alcohol were related to overall (35%) and airway complications. Nomograms were built for overall, dysphagia, and airway complications.ConclusionsWe have developed nomograms that can identify high‐risk patients undergoing OPLS and that can help to prevent severe complications and to tailor surgical planning.
Comparing preoperative imaging modalities in patient selection for breast intraoperative radiotherapy
Authors: May Michael , Chin Christine , Hirji Sitara , Horowitz David , Bansil Hannah , Feldman Sheldon , Ha Richard , Connolly Eileen P. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThis study evaluated the relative accuracy of mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the tumor size of early stage breast tumors in preoperative selection of patients for intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT).MethodsWe identified 156 patients with clinical T1/T2, N0 breast cancer who underwent IORT. Clinical, pathologic, and radiation data were collected. The preoperative tumor size obtained by imaging was compared with tumor pathological size.ResultsThe median patient age was 66. The mean tumor size at excision was 1.05 cm (0.1‐3.0 cm). Out of the 156 patients, 98 had a reported, nonzero tumor size by mammography, 131 by ultrasound, and 76 by MRI. The mean difference between imaging and the tumor size was +0.062 ± 0.54 cm for mammography, −0.11 ± 0.43 cm for ultrasound, and +0.33 ± 0.55 cm for MRI, with positive values indicating an overestimate of the tumor size. MRI produced more overestimates of tumor size of at least 0.5 cm than mammography or ultrasound in a paired analysis of patients who received both modalities.ConclusionsAccuracy of imaging modalities in determining tumor size can influence patients’ eligibility for IORT. Mammography and ultrasound showed acceptable accuracy in predicting size. MRI overestimated tumor size and may inappropriately exclude patients from IORT. We would discourage ruling out candidates for IORT on the basis of large size by MRI alone.
Comparison of surgical complication between immediate implant and autologous breast reconstruction after mastectomy: A multicenter study of 426 cases
Authors: Xu Feng , Sun Haihui , Zhang Chao , Jiang Hongchuan , Guan Shan , Wang Xiang , Wen Bing , Li Jinfeng , Li Xiru , Geng Cuizhi , Yin Jian 
Published: September 2018

Background and Objectives: There is a lack of multicenter immediate breast reconstruction data comparing the surgical complication of implant and autologous breast reconstruction, especially in China. In this study, we used the data from eight centers to study the complications and their risk factors in this population.Methods: Sociodemographic and clinicopathological data were obtained and compared for patients who received immediate implant and autologous breast reconstruction after breast cancer surgery in the eight hospitals between 2012 and 2016. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with the complication of breast reconstruction.Results: Immediate autologous reconstruction (IAR) was associated with significantly higher rates of overall complications (P = 0.036), fat liquefaction (P < 0.001), and reconstructive failure (P = 0.019), but lower rates of wound complications (P = 0.01) compared with the immediate implant reconstruction (IIR) at the median follow‐up time of 13.6 months. With the logistic regression analysis, older patient (odds ratio [OR], 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15‐4.28; P = 0.017), and obesity (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.08‐4.37; P = 0.030) were significant predictors of increased complications.Conclusion: Our multicenter results demonstrated that the rates of overall complications and reconstruction failure were higher after IAR than IIR. These findings can be used to better help surgeons and their patients with objective and reliable information to assist in selecting the modality of reconstruction.