bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friction Stir Welding of AISI 316L Stainless Steel in a 3.5 NaCl Aqueous Solution: Metallurgical and Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Shashi Kumar S. , Murugan N. , Ramachandran K. K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Submerged friction stir welding (SFSW) was employed for joining AISI 316L stainless steel sheets. The effect of submerged friction stir welding on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of the weld joints was studied by varying tool rotational speed from 600 to 1,400 r/min, in steps of 400 r/min with other constant process parameters (welding speed of 55 mm/min, axial force of 12 kN, and tool tilt of 1.5°) in an artificially prepared 3.5 sodium chloride aqueous solution chamber. Characterization studies, such as scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction, were used for studying the microstructural studies of the weld zone. The results of the experimental analysis reveal that the SFSW joints exhibited overall better joint strength, and the weld made at 1,000 r/min was superior in terms of strength and microstructural features to that of the base steel. The pitting corrosion behavior of the base steel and the weld joints depicts a stable pitting potential with no active passive behavior, in which the pitting corrosion resistance of all weld joints was marginally higher, especially the weld joint made at 1,000 r/min, which was superior to that of the base steel. The existence of the secondary precipitates was ruled out in all the cases, owing to lower peak temperatures and continuous (fast) cooling of the weld zone.
The NeuroD6 Subtype of VTA Neurons Contributes to Psychostimulant Sensitization and Behavioral Reinforcement
Authors: Bimpisidis Zisis , König Niclas , Stagkourakis Stefanos , Zell Vivien , Vlcek Bianca , Dumas Sylvie , Giros Bruno , Broberger Christian , Hnasko Thomas S. , Wallén-Mackenzie Åsa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReward-related behavior is complex and its dysfunction correlated with neuropsychiatric illness. Dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have long been associated with different aspects of reward function, but it remains to be disentangled how distinct VTA DA neurons contribute to the full range of behaviors ascribed to the VTA. Here, a recently identified subtype of VTA neurons molecularly defined by NeuroD6 (NEX1M) was addressed. Among all VTA DA neurons, less than 15% were identified as positive for NeuroD6. In addition to dopaminergic markers, sparse NeuroD6 neurons expressed the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (Vglut2) gene. To achieve manipulation of NeuroD6 VTA neurons, NeuroD6(NEX)-Cre-driven mouse genetics and optogenetics were implemented. First, expression of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) was ablated to disrupt dopaminergic function in NeuroD6 VTA neurons. ComparingVmat2lox/lox;NEX-Creconditional knock-out (cKO) mice with littermate controls, it was evident that baseline locomotion, preference for sugar and ethanol, and place preference upon amphetamine-induced and cocaine-induced conditioning were similar between genotypes. However, locomotion upon repeated psychostimulant administration was significantly elevated above control levels in cKO mice. Second, optogenetic activation of NEX-Cre VTA neurons was shown to induce DA release and glutamatergic postsynaptic currents within the nucleus accumbens. Third, optogenetic stimulation of NEX-Cre VTA neuronsin vivoinduced significant place preference behavior, while stimulation of VTA neurons defined by Calretinin failed to cause a similar response. The results show that NeuroD6 VTA neurons exert distinct regulation over specific aspects of reward-related behavior, findings that contribute to the current understanding of VTA neurocircuitry.
Contraction of the ROS Scavenging Enzyme GlutathioneS-Transferase Gene Family in Cetaceans
Authors: Tian Ran , Seim Inge , Ren Wenhua , Xu Shixia , Yang Guang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCetaceans are a group of marine mammals whose ancestors were adaptated for life on land. Life in an aquatic environment poses many challenges for air-breathing mammals. Diving marine mammals have adapted to rapid reoxygenation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated reperfusion injury. Here, we considered the evolution of the glutathione transferase (GST) gene family which has important roles in the detoxification of endogenously-derived ROS and environmental pollutants. We characterized the cytosolic GST gene family in 21 mammalian species; cetaceans, sirenians, pinnipeds, and their terrestrial relatives. All seven GST classes were identified, showing that GSTs are ubiquitous in mammals. Some GST genes are the product of lineage-specific duplications and losses, in line with a birth-and-death evolutionary model. We detected sites with signatures of positive selection that possibly influence GST structure and function, suggesting that adaptive evolution of GST genes is important for defending mammals from various types of noxious environmental compounds. We also found evidence for loss of alpha and mu GST subclass genes in cetacean lineages. Notably, cetaceans have retained a homolog of at least one of the genes GSTA1, GSTA4, and GSTM1; GSTs that are present in both the cytosol and mitochondria. The observed variation in number and selection pressure on GST genes suggest that the gene family structure is dynamic within cetaceans.
Vasopressin Increases Urinary Acidification via V1a Receptors in Collecting Duct Intercalated Cells
Authors: Giesecke Torsten , Himmerkus Nina , Leipziger Jens , Bleich Markus , Koshimizu Taka-aki , Fähling Michael , Smorodchenko Alina , Shpak Julia , Knappe Carolin , Isermann Julian , Ayasse Niklas , Kawahara Katsumasa , Schmoranzer Jan , Gimber Niclas , Paliege Alexander , Bachmann Sebastian , Mutig Kerim 
Published: May 2019

Significance Statement
Use of vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) agonists and antagonists may be instrumental for corrections of acid-base homeostasis, but the distribution and function of this receptor in the kidney remain to be characterized in detail. The authors investigated whether V1aR stimulation facilitates urinary acidification via intercalated cells. Using a new specific antibody they localized V1aR to the basolateral membrane of type A intercalated cells (A-ICs). In contrast, type B intercalated cells exhibited intracellular but not plasma membrane–bound V1aR signal. Using in vivo and ex vivo models, the authors also showed that selective stimulation of V1aR induces activation of vacuolar H+-ATPase in A-ICs, luminal H+ secretion, and urinary acidification. These new details regarding renal vasopressin signaling may have clinical implications for patients with distal renal tubular acidosis.

Background
Antagonists of the V1a vasopressin receptor (V1aR) are emerging as a strategy for slowing progression of CKD. Physiologically, V1aR signaling has been linked with acid-base homeostasis, but more detailed information is needed about renal V1aR distribution and function.

Methods
We used a new anti-V1aR antibody and high-resolution microscopy to investigate Va1R distribution in rodent and human kidneys. To investigate whether V1aR activation promotes urinary H+ secretion, we used a V1aR agonist or antagonist to evaluate V1aR function in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats, bladder-catheterized mice, isolated collecting ducts, and cultured inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells.

Results
Localization of V1aR in rodent and human kidneys produced a basolateral signal in type A intercalated cells (A-ICs) and a perinuclear to subapical signal in type B intercalated cells of connecting tubules and collecting ducts. Treating vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats with a V1aR agonist decreased urinary pH and tripled net acid excretion; we observed a similar response in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, V1aR antagonist did not affect urinary pH in normal or acid-loaded mice. In ex vivo settings, basolateral treatment of isolated perfused medullary collecting ducts with the V1aR agonist or vasopressin increased intracellular calcium levels in ICs and decreased luminal pH, suggesting V1aR-dependent calcium release and stimulation of proton-secreting proteins. Basolateral treatment of IMCD cells with the V1aR agonist increased apical abundance of vacuolar H+-ATPase in A-ICs.

Conclusions
Our results show that activation of V1aR contributes to urinary acidification via H+ secretion by A-ICs, which may have clinical implications for pharmacologic targeting of V1aR.
KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MELAKUKAN IDENTIFIKASI ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS
Authors: Rapisa Dewi Ratih 
Published: May 2019

Penelitian berangkat dari masalah rata-rata guru kurang memiliki kemampuan dalam mengidentifikasi kendala yang dialami Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus. Oleh karena itu, kebutuhan akan kemampuan guru untuk mengidentifikasi Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus dalam menentukan layanan pendidikan secara optimal. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana kemampuan guru dalam mengidentifikasi anak-anak berkebutuhan khusus di Sekolah Dasar 3 SD di Banjarmasin. Dalam penelitian ini, pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru reguler dan guru kebutuhan khusus di SD Pasar Lama 3 di Banjarmasin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru di SD Pasar Lama 3 di Banjarmasin belum dapat melakukan skrining. Guru tidak memberikan tes kepada anak-anak menggunakan alat identifikasi yang tepat. Guru di Sekolah Dasar 3 SD di Banjarmasin telah melakukan rujukan sejak awal penerimaan siswa baru di sekolah terutama pada awal tahun pertama sekolah dasar dan atau peningkatan kelas. Guru di SD Pasar Lama 3 Banjarmasin tidak melakukan klasifikasi karena semua kru langsung dilayani di kelas reguler. The research departs from the problem of the average teacher lacks ability in identifying the obstacles experienced Children with Special Needs. Primary School teachers especially graduates in addition to Special Education have not gained insight into Children with Special Needs education, even though Children with Special Needs is highly possible in regular schools of inclusive education providers. So that, the ability of teachers to identify the Children with Special Needs in determining the optimal education services. The goal to be achieved in this research is to find out how the ability of teachers in identifying children with special needs at Pasar Lama 3 Elementary School in Banjarmasin. In this research, the research approach used is qualitative descriptive approach. Research subjects in this study are principal, regular teachers and special need teachers at Pasar Lama 3 Elementary School in Banjarmasin.The results showed that teachers at Pasar Lama 3 Elementary School in Banjarmasin have not been able to do screening. Teachers do not provide tests to children using appropriate identification instruments. Teachers at Pasar Lama 3 Elementary School in Banjarmasin has been doing referral since the beginning of new students admission in school especially at the beginning of the first year of primary school and or grade increase. Therefore, the teacher does not create a database of children who need to switch and the database of children who do not need to switch because since the beginning the teacher has been doing the transfer (referral) all cases of Children with Special Needs to psycholog. Teachers at Pasar Lama 3 Elementary School in Banjarmasin did not do classification because all the crew were directly served in the regular class.
PENDIDIKAN LITERASI DIGITAL DI KALANGAN USIA MUDA DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Silvana Hana , Darmawan Cecep 
Published: May 2019

AbstrakFenomena pengunaan media sosial sebagai media online semakin massive pada dekade ini. Kalangan muda sebagai generasi milenial atau digital native merupakan pengguna terbesar dalam penggunaan media sosial saat ini. Penelitian mengenai literasi digital masih jarang dilakukan terutama di Indonesia. Subyek penelitian ini adalah kalangan usia muda dengan rentang usia 17–21 tahun yang merupakan pengguna aktif media sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Informan yang dijadikan sampel penelitian sebanyak 5 orang dan 1 orang informan kunci dari pakar literasi media. Temuan yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini menunjukan pentingnya program literasi digital yang memberikan dampak positif bagi pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan dalam menggunakan media terutama media sosial yang saat ini sering dijadikan sumber informasi oleh khalayak terutama oleh kalangan yang berusia muda. Program ini memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan pada penyebaran informasi dalam menggunakan media massa terutama media sosial yang digunakan oleh kalangan usia muda sehingga ada kesadaran dalam menggunakan media. Pada pendidikan pelatihan (diklat) ini peserta belum semua mempunyai keahlian ini dikarenakan keahlian ini memerlukan latihan yang terus menerus dan konsisten sehingga mereka dapat melakukannya dengan baik. Oleh karena itu pendidikan literasi digital merupakan solusi yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan elemen masyarakat dan civitas akademika yang peduli terhadap kemajuan bangsa. AbstractThe phenomenon of the use of social media as an online media is increasingly massive in the use of this decade. Young people as the native millennial or digital generation are the biggest users in the use of social media today. Research on digital literacy is still rare, especially in Indonesia. The subjects of this study were young people aged 17-21 years that were active users of social media. This study uses a qualitative approach to the case study method. The informants who were used as research samples were 5 people and 1 key informant from media literacy experts. The findings obtained in this study indicate the importance of digital literacy programs that have a positive impact on knowledge, understanding and skills in using the media, especially social media which is now often used as a source of information by audiences, especially among young people. information on using mass media, especially social media used by young people so that there is awareness in using the media. In this education participants do not all have this expertise because this skill requires continuous and consistent training so that they can do it well. Therefore digital literacy education is a solution that can be done by the government and elements of society and academics who care about the progress of the nation.
OPEN CLASSROOM CLIMATE: PROJECT CITIZEN MODEL IN CIVIC EDUCATION LEARNING ACTIVITY
Authors: Adha Muhammad Mona , Yanzi Hermi , Nurmalisa Yunisca 
Published: May 2019

AbstrakPembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan berbasis portofolio berupaya untuk fokus pada siswa agar memiliki pengetahuan dan pemahaman, keterampilan dan sikap, nilai-nilai, dan disposisi yang mengarahkan mereka secara aktif berpartisipasi dalam berperan dan tanggung jawab di dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Siswa belajar secara mandiri dalam kelompok kecil dengan difasilitasi oleh guru dan menggunakan berbagai sumber belajar di sekolah dan di luar sekolah. Project citizen memberikan keyakinan kepada siswa memiliki kemampuan untuk memberikan analisis masalah, mengumpulkan tugas, dan menjadi lebih kreatif. Iklim kelas terbuka menjadi faktor penting dalam membangkitkan motivasi dan minat siswa dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan sehingga tercipta interaksi dan hubungan yang demokratis di dalam kelas. Penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode kuasi eksperimen dilakukan pada kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol sebanyak enam kali pertemuan (enam minggu) untuk melihat perbedaan implementasi diantara kedua kelas yang berbeda berdasarkan aspek motivasi, interaksi dan kerjasama di dalam kelompok. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) pengalaman belajar yang terintegrasi memberikan kesadaran kepada siswa bahwa keseimbangan antara hak dan kewajiban sangat penting sebagai warga negara dan mencari solusi alternatif untuk penyelesaian masalah di sekitar siswa/masyarakat; (2) secara signifikan model belajar ini meningkatkan aktivitas kerjasama dan motivasi siswa. AbstractCivic education portfolio-based learning seeks to focus on students' ownership of knowledge and understanding, skills and attitudes, values, and dispositions that lead them to actively participate in their roles and responsibilities in their lives. Students learn independently in small groups with facilities from teachers and use a variety of learning resources at school and outside of school. Project citizen gives students confidence that students have the ability to provide problem analysis, collect tasks, and be more creative. The purpose of this research is to explore open classroom climate becomes an important factor in generating motivation and interest in students in civic education learning, thus creating democratic interaction and connection in the class. Quantitative research using the quasi-experiment method was conducted in the experimental class and the control class with a duration of six meeting to analyze the differences between the two classes in motivation, interaction, and teamwork activity aspect. The findings of this study are: (1) integrated learning experiences provide awareness to students that the balance between rights and obligations is very important as a citizen and look for alternative solutions to problems around the community; (2) significantly this learning technique increase student cooperation performance and motivation.
Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Accompanied by 13q- Syndrome with Deficiencies of FVII and FX: A Case Report
Authors: Mishima Katsuaki , Shiraishi Mami , Umeda Hirotsugu 
Published: May 2019

The 13q deletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by structural and functional monosomy of chromosome 13. On 13q34, which is the terminal of the long arm, causative genes of coagulation factors VII and X (FVII and FX) are mapped. Patients with a combination of FVII and FX deficiencies are extremely rare and there have been few articles about perioperative coagulation support for such patients. Herein, we report on a case of bilateral cleft lip and palate accompanied by 13q deletion syndrome with deficiencies of FVII and FX.
The chromosomal investigation indicated 46, XX, del(13)(q33) by G-banding. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were found to be 21.0 seconds (sec) (prothrombin time–international normalized ratio 1.76) and 41.6 sec (normal range; 23.9 – 39.7 sec), respectively. The activities of coagulation FVII and FX were 22% and 36%, respectively. A two-stage cheiloplasty was performed at 4 and 7 months of age followed by a palatoplasty at 1 year and 6 months. Tranexamic acid was given intravenously three times a day for three days after each surgery. There were no adverse events such as bleeding from the oral or nasal cavities and healing of the surgical wound was good without dehiscence.
Veinticinco años de arquitectura religiosa
Authors: Vicens Hualde Ignacio 
Published: May 2019

Después de las dos intervenciones de esta mañana, se impone que haga algún tipo de reflexión, y lógicamente las palabras que voy a decir ahora, en mi propia intervención, de alguna manera iniciarán la polémica que espero que continúe después, en la mesa redonda. Pero no podía ser menos, dado que algunas de las afirmaciones que se han hecho chocan claramente con mi concepción de lo que es la arquitectura sacra. Eso es lo bueno de un congreso: que se exponen todo tipo de opiniones y se trabaja para llegar a consensos y para enriquecer, pues, las propias apreciaciones personales.
Me gustaría compartir con ustedes algunas de las propuestas que he hecho yo, aunque ninguna de ellas sea ejemplar. Tienen la ventaja de su propia realidad: han sido construidas, han sido posibles y en el camino se han dejado muchos ideales y muchas intenciones. Seré crítico con ellas en lo que me corresponde a mí y en lo que no me corresponde, pero puede que nos sirva a todos nosotros para reflexionar un poco sobre estos nuevos espacios.
Las iglesias de Miguel Fisac
Authors: Delgado Orusco Eduardo 
Published: May 2019

La oportunidad de un encargo hecho hace unos meses por el Colegio de Arquitectos de Almería en su colección de Archivos de Arquitectura para estudiar una obra de Miguel Fisac, la iglesia parroquial de Santa Ana, me permitió una profunda investigación en la Fundación Miguel Fisac, algunos de cuyos frutos me gustaría compartir aquí hoy.
No obstante, debo confesar que para mí la explicación de la obra de Miguel Fisac no puede ser si no el acercamiento al trabajo de un amigo, de un ser profundamente humano y ejemplar. Cuando en 1997, entre los numerosos reconocimientos que jalonaron los últimos años de la vida de Miguel Fisac, le fue otorgado el Premio Antonio Camuñas de Arquitectura, el jurado encargado de concedérselo valoró como una de las razones de mayor peso sus aportaciones en el terreno de la arquitectura religiosa.
Rodolfo García-Pablos
Authors: Blanco Agüeira Silvia 
Published: May 2019

Esta comunicación pretende establecer los fundamentos de la particular poética con la que el arquitecto Rodolfo García-Pablos y González-Quijano (Madrid, 1913/2001) se enfrentó a la compleja tarea de la construcción de iglesias durante tres décadas.
Una vez admirada la sutileza y fuerza de sus propuestas de los años sesenta, me planteo la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué ha ocurrido para que las lecciones de este arquitecto en el campo de la arquitectura religiosa hayan pasado tan desapercibidas? Se trata de plantear la dificultad para resolver los problemas que genera hoy en día la construcción de iglesias, de analizar su forma de definir atmósferas y espacios, estudiar su manejo de los materiales y de las técnicas constructivas —condicionados por la disponibilidad económica— y analizar la integración artística desarrollada en un ámbito de geometrías simples. Se trata de reflexionar acerca de la libertad del arquitecto para establecer su propia síntesis personal, tanto en el conjunto de su obra religiosa como en el estudio de una obra concreta: la iglesia parroquial de los Sagrados Corazones en Madrid.