bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel low‐cost porous gangue microsphere/geopolymer composites and their adsorption properties for dyes
Authors: Yan Shu , He Peigang , Jia Dechang , Wang Qinggang , Liu Jingjing , Yang Jinlong , Huang Yong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA novel porous coal gangue microsphere/geopolymer (CG/KGP) composite was firstly synthesized by adding gangue microspheres into geopolymer matrix. Effects of precalcined temperature of CG microspheres on the microstructure and specific surface area of the porous CG/KGP particles were systematically investigated. Adsorption properties of the CG/KGP composites were also reported. Results showed that the CG/KGP composites contained mainly amorphous phase and many functional groups were on the particle surface. The precalcined CG microspheres were dispersed homogenously and bonded well with the KGP matrix. The CG900/KGP samples showed better adsorption properties than the pure KGP. As for the dosage of 4 g/L (starting concentration, 100 mg/L), adsorption capacity achieved the highest value of 24.6 mg/g and the removal efficiency reached 98%. Adsorption of MB onto CG900/KGP particles followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The novel porous CG/KGP composite has potential application in wastewater filtration and adsorption treatment.
Influence of carbon on stability, mechanical property, electronic structure, and lattice dynamics of silicon carbonitride
Authors: Hua Guomin , Zhong Jin , Qi Yang , Cheng Xiaonong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, first‐principles calculations were performed to study the stability, mechanical property, electronic structure and lattice dynamics of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 silicon carbonitride. The solubility of carbon in β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 having a stable structure is shown to be about 15 at.%. Within the limit of solubility, an increase in carbon concentration in β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 will lead to a decrease in the Young's modulus and density and an increase in the Poisson's ratio. The study of deformation behavior shows that the most likely slip system of is on prismatic plane rather than on basal plane. This feature of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 is similar to WC. In addition, the ductility and fracture toughness of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 can be optimized by controlling the carbon concentration. The improvement in ductility and fracture toughness can be attributed to the formation of metallic bonds by the incorporation of carbon atoms. The lattice dynamics study shows that the structural stability of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 is controlled by energy stability criteria under stress‐free condition. In the stressed state, the structural stability of β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 is controlled by the elastic stability criteria. Subsequently, the β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 solid solution was prepared by self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS), and the carbon‐concentration‐dependent mechanical properties were consistent with the first‐principles calculations. The maximum fracture toughness of 10.4 MPa·m0.5 was obtained in β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 at carbon concentration of 5 wt%, which means that the solid solution toughening can be used as a supplement to crack bridging toughening and phase transition toughening for ceramic toughening. The results obtained in this study reveal that the β‐Si3(Cx,N1−x)4 solid solution is a promising candidate for high‐speed ceramic bearings.
Low temperature synthesis and characterization of nano‐crystalline Mg(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 ceramics
Authors: Gogoi Pallabi , Singh Laishram Robindro , Pamu Dobbidi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMg(Zr0.05Ti0.95)O3 (MZrT) ceramics nanoparticles have been synthesized by polyol method for the first time. The phase evaluation of the MZrT nanoparticles was confirmed using thermo gravimetric analysis and the phase purity of the samples were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed the average particle size between 30 and 40 nm. The optical bandgap is in the range of 3.66‐3.82 eV and is attributed to the quantum confinement effect. Interestingly, the nanopowders sintered at 950°C for 3 hours exhibit the maximum density of 97.52% of the theoretical density which is attributed to the higher sintering velocity of the smaller particles. The obtained microstructure of the ceramics reveals porous free uniform microstructure with prominent grain boundaries. A best combination of microwave dielectric properties (εr ~18.04, Q × fo ~175 THz at 9.5 GHz) are obtained for MZrT ceramics sintered at 950°C for 3 hours. The non‐Debye‐like relaxation process is found to exist inside the sample confirmed by impedance spectroscopy. The AC conduction mechanism is explained on the basis of Correlated Barrier Hopping model. Thermal conductivity of the MZrT ceramics is found to be 10 W/mK. The obtained properties of MZrT ceramics are suitable for resonator, microwave integrated circuit and LTCC applications.
Impact of sarcopenia on the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Hong Ji Taek , Kim Tae Jun , Pyo Jeung Hui , Kim Eun Ran , Hong Sung Noh , Kim Young‐Ho , Ahn Hyeon Seon , Sohn Insuk , Chang Dong Kyung 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackground and AimSarcopenia is a pathological condition characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and increased amount of visceral fat. Recent evidence has revealed that sarcopenia is associated with certain diseases. However, the impact of sarcopenia on colorectal neoplasia has not been documented clearly. We studied the association between sarcopenia and advanced colorectal neoplasia in a large screening population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 14 024 asymptomatic adults who underwent first‐time screening colonoscopy. Sarcopenia (class II) was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/bodyweight (%) value more than two standard deviations below the mean for healthy young adults. ASM was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis.ResultsIn a multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, obesity (body mass index ≥ 25), smoking status, alcohol intake, regular exercise, and family history of colorectal cancer, the odds ratio (OR) for advanced colorectal neoplasia on comparing participants with sarcopenia (class II) to those without sarcopenia (class I + II) was 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–1.86). Further adjustment for metabolic parameters attenuated this association, but the association was still significant (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07–1.68). Furthermore, the multivariable (traditional risk factors)‐adjusted OR associated with a 1% decrease on the introduction of ASM/weight% as a continuous variable in regression models was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01–1.07) for advanced colorectal neoplasia.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that sarcopenia is significantly and progressively associated with the risk of advanced colorectal neoplasia. This association might be explained by metabolic factors that could be potential mediators of the effect of sarcopenia.
Maintenance of species boundaries in three sympatricLigularia(Senecioneae, Asteraceae) species
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Ma Yongpeng , Folk Ryan A. , Yu Jiaojun , Pan Yuezhi , Gong Xun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe key process in speciation concerns the formation and maintenance of reproductive isolating barriers between diverging lineages. Although species boundaries are frequently investigated between two species across many taxa, reproductive isolating barriers among multiple species (>2) that would represent the most common phenomenon in nature, remain to be clarified. Here, we use double digest restriction‐site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to examine patterns of hybridization at a sympatric site where threeLigulariaspecies grow together and verify whether those patterns contribute to the maintenance of boundaries among species. The results based on the RAD SNP datasets indicated hybridizationLigularia cyathiceps × L. duciformisandL. duciformis × L. yunnanensiswere both restricted to F1s plus a few first‐generation backcrosses and no gene introgression were identified, giving rise to strong reproductive isolation among hybridizing species. Moreover, hybrid swarm simulation, using HYBRIDLAB, indicated the RAD SNP datasets had sufficient discriminatory power for accurate hybrid detection. We conclude that parental species show strong reproductive isolation and they still maintain species boundaries, which may be the key mechanism to maintain species diversity ofLigulariain the eastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas. Moreover, this study highlights the effectiveness of RAD sequencing in hybridization studies.
The Use of 3D Printed Tooth Preparation to Assist in Teaching and Learning in Preclinical Fixed Prosthodontics Courses
Authors: Boonsiriphant Piriya , Al‐Salihi Zeina , Holloway Julie A. , Schneider Galen B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTooth preparation for fixed dental prostheses is not an easy procedure to understand spatially, especially for first‐year dental students. This technical report describes an innovative technique for assisting learning in preclinical fixed prosthodontics courses. Ideal full‐contour tooth preparations are digitally scanned and 3D printed to the exact specifications of the ideal preparation. Students and faculty use these printed tooth preparations as teaching and learning tools to facilitate in 3D visualization for fixed prosthodontics courses.
Knowledge, Safety, and Meta‐Epistemic Belief
Authors: Ross Jacob 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article raises problems both for the view that safe belief is necessary for knowledge and for the view that it is sufficient. Focusing on ‘meta‐epistemic beliefs,’ or beliefs about the epistemic status of one's own beliefs, it is shown that the necessity claim has counterintuitive implications and that the sufficiency claim implies a contradiction. It is then shown that meta‐epistemic beliefs raise similar problems for a wide range of accounts of knowledge, and hence that they provide a powerful test for theories of knowledge.
QQS orphan gene and its interactor NF‐YC4 reduce susceptibility to pathogens and pests
Authors: Qi Mingsheng , Zheng Wenguang , Zhao Xuefeng , Hohenstein Jessica D. , Kandel Yuba , O'Conner Seth , Wang Yifan , Du Chuanlong , Nettleton Dan , MacIntosh Gustavo C. , Tylka Gregory L. , Wurtele Eve S. , Whitham Steven A. , Li Ling 
Published: June 2018

SummaryEnhancing the nutritional quality and disease resistance of crops without sacrificing productivity is a key issue for developing varieties that are valuable to farmers and for simultaneously improving food security and sustainability. Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana species‐specific AtQQS (Qua‐Quine Starch) orphan gene or its interactor, NF‐YC4 (Nuclear Factor Y, subunit C4), has been shown to increase levels of leaf/seed protein without affecting the growth and yield of agronomic species. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of AtQQS and NF‐YC4 in Arabidopsis and soybean enhances resistance/reduces susceptibility to viruses, bacteria, fungi, aphids and soybean cyst nematodes. A series of Arabidopsis mutants in starch metabolism were used to explore the relationships between QQS expression, carbon and nitrogen partitioning, and defense. The enhanced basal defenses mediated by QQS were independent of changes in protein/carbohydrate composition of the plants. We demonstrate that either AtQQS or NF‐YC4 overexpression in Arabidopsis and in soybean reduces susceptibility of these plants to pathogens/pests. Transgenic soybean lines overexpressing NF‐YC4 produce seeds with increased protein while maintaining healthy growth. Pull‐down studies reveal that QQS interacts with human NF‐YC, as well as with Arabidopsis NF‐YC4, and indicate two QQS binding sites near the NF‐YC‐histone‐binding domain. A new model for QQS interaction with NF‐YC is speculated. Our findings illustrate the potential of QQS and NF‐YC4 to increase protein and improve defensive traits in crops, overcoming the normal growth‐defense trade‐offs.
What's in a blush? Physiological blushing reveals narcissistic children's social‐evaluative concerns
Authors: Brummelman Eddie , Nikolić Milica , Bögels Susan M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhysiological responses can reveal emotional states that individuals are unwilling to admit to others. Here, we studied what blushing reveals about the emotional states of narcissistic children. Narcissistic children (i.e., those high on the personality trait of narcissism) have a pervasive sense of grandiosity. We theorized that narcissistic children are so invested in their sense of grandiosity that even modest praise can make them feel depreciated. Because narcissistic children may not admit this feeling to others, we measured their physiological blushing: an involuntary reddening of the face that occurs when individuals anticipate being depreciated. Unlike other emotional expressions, blushing cannot be faked. Children (N = 105, ages 7–12) completed the Childhood Narcissism Scale and were then invited to sing a song on stage. They were randomly assigned to receive inflated praise (e.g., “You sang incredibly well!”), modest praise (“You sang well!”), or no praise for their performance. Blushing was recorded using photoplethysmography and temperature sensing. Afterward, children were asked how much they thought they had blushed. As predicted, narcissistic children—unlike nonnarcissistic children—blushed when they received modest praise, not when they received inflated praise. Specifically, they showed increased blood volume pulse (i.e., fast changes in blood volume with each heartbeat). Strikingly, when asked, narcissistic children denied blushing, perhaps to hide their vulnerabilities. Thus, blushing revealed social‐evaluative concerns that narcissistic children wished to keep private.
Autoimmune diseases and 8.1 ancestral haplotype: An update
Authors: Gambino C. M. , Aiello A. , Accardi G. , Caruso C. , Candore G. 
Published: June 2018

The aim of the present review is to provide an update of the current research into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases associated with 8.1 ancestral haplotype. This is a common Caucasoid haplotype carried by most people who type for HLA‐B8, DR3. Numerous genetic studies reported that individuals with certain HLA alleles have a higher risk of specific autoimmune disorders than those without these alleles. However, much remains to be learned about the heritability of autoimmune conditions. Recently, progress and advances in the field of genome‐wide‐association studies have revolutionized the capacity to perform large, economically feasible, and statistically robust analyses of HLA within 8.1 ancestral haplotype, and understand its contribute to autoimmune events.In this paper, the characteristic features of this haplotype that might give rise to diverse autoimmune phenotypes are reviewed, focusing on the contribution of the HLA‐DRB1 gene, the most polymorphic sequence within the HLA II region.
A proposed description of the natural life cycle of Amblyomma brasiliense (Acari: Ixodidae) in a primary Atlantic rainforest environment in Brazil
Authors: Luz Hermes Ribeiro , Furusawa Guilherme , Flausino Walter , McIntosh Douglas , Faccini João 
Published: June 2018

The life cycles, under experimental conditions, of many neotropical ticks including Amblyomma brasiliense Aragão have been elucidated, however relatively little information is available with reference to their life cycles under natural conditions. The present study sought to investigate the natural life cycle of A. brasiliense, an aggressive human biting tick, within the Itatiaia National Park (INP), Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. A total of 245 ticks, collected from wild birds, peccaries (Tayassu pecari) and humans or recovered free-living on forest trails, were included in the analyses. All ticks were identified as A. brasiliense using a combination of morphological and molecular techniques (polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing). The parasitological data produced in this investigation, were combined with findings from previous studies to elaborate a proposed, natural life cycle for A. brasiliense in the INP, a preserved Atlantic rainforest habitat. It is suggested that, T. pecari serve as primary hosts, with wild birds and small mammals functioning as alternative hosts for immature stages and that humans may act as occasional hosts, possibly in consequence of eco-tourism activities. The molecular analyses performed in this study resulted in the identification and deposition of new sequences for fragments of the mitochondrial genes encoding 12S ribosomal RNA (12S rRNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). The availability of those sequences will be beneficial to other researchers conducting future or retrospective analysis of tick sequencing data. Finally, in common with previous surveys, molecular screening by PCR for the 17kDa and gltA targets provided no evidence for A. brasiliense as a vector of Rickettsia sp.
Friction at the bed does not control fast glacier flow
Authors: Stearns L. A. , van der Veen C. J. 
Published: June 2018

Sliding at the base
Predictions of sea level rise caused by dynamic ice sheet loss rely on a good understanding of what controls how fast the sheets slide over the ground below. The standard approach is to model motion on the basis of an assumed frictional stress between the base of the glacier and a hard underlying bed. Now, however, Stearns and van der Veen show that this method is incorrect. Instead, they suggest that net pressure at the glacier bed controls flow.

Science
, this issue p.
273
POP-Brazil study protocol: a nationwide cross-sectional evaluation of the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Brazil
Authors: Wendland Eliana Marcia , Caierão Juliana , Domingues Carla , Maranhão Ana Goretti Kalume , de Souza Flávia Moreno Alves , Hammes Luciano Serpa , Falavigna Maicon , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot , Hugo Fernando Neves , Bessel Marina , Villa Luisa Lina , Benzaken Adele Schwartz 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with the development of genital warts and different types of cancer, including virtually all cervical cancers and a considerable number of penile, anal and oropharyngeal cancers. Data regarding the prevalence of HPV infection in Brazil are limited and fragmented. We aim to determine HPV prevalence in sexually active women and men aged 16–25 years and to investigate regional differences in virus prevalence and types.Methods and analysisThis is a nationwide, multicentric, cross-sectional, prospective study that will include participants aged 16–25 years from all Brazilian capital cities. Recruitment will occur in primary health units by trained health professionals who will be responsible for collecting biological samples and interviewing the volunteers. After signing informed consent, all participants will answer a questionnaire that will collect sociodemographic and behavioural data. All samples will be processed in a certified central laboratory, and strict quality control will be performed by many different procedures, including double data entry, training and certification of primary care health professionals responsible for data collection, simulation of interviews, and auditing and monitoring of visits. The sample size will be standardised based on the population distribution of each capital using SAS and R statistical software.Ethics and disseminationThe project was approved by the research ethics committee of the main institution and the corresponding ethics committees of the recruitment sites. This will be the first Brazilian nationwide study to determine overall HPV prevalence and to examine regional differences and social, demographic and behavioural factors related to HPV infection. Critical analysis of the study results will contribute to epidemiological knowledge and will set a baseline for future evaluation of the impact of the National HPV Vaccination Program.
Cohort profile: the Coronary Artery disease Risk Determination In Innsbruck by diaGnostic ANgiography (CARDIIGAN) cohort
Authors: Wanitschek Maria , Edlinger Michael , Dörler Jakob , Alber Hannes F 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe Coronary Artery disease Risk Determination In Innsbruck by diaGnostic ANgiography (CARDIIGAN) cohort is aimed to gain a better understanding of cardiovascular risk factors and their relation to the diagnosis and severity of coronary artery disease, as well as to the long-term prognosis in consecutive (including revascularised) patients referred for elective coronary angiography.ParticipantsThe included patients visited the University Clinic of Cardiology at Innsbruck (Austria), which fulfils a secondary and tertiary hospital function. Inclusion took place in the period between February 2004 and April 2008 and resulted in a total of 8296 patients aged 18–91 years; 65% of them were men.Findings to dateThere was one follow-up round on vital status through record linkage for 84% of the cohort (those with residence in Tyrol), resulting in a follow-up duration of over 5.5 to nearly 10.0 years among survivors. The data contain basic patient characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, laboratory measurements, medications, detailed information on the extent and severity of coronary artery disease, revascularisation history, treatment strategy and mortality specifics. A few studies have already been published.Future plansVarious diagnostic and prognostic studies are planned, also concerning complications, competing risks and cost-effectiveness. Collaboration with other research groups is welcomed.
Comparison of the performance of battery-operated fluid warmers
Authors: Lehavi Amit , Yitzhak Avraham , Jarassy Refael , Heizler Rami , Katz Yeshayahu (Shai) , Raz Aeyal 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesWarming intravenous fluids is essential to prevent hypothermia in patients with trauma, especially when large volumes are administered. Prehospital and transport settings require fluid warmers to be small, energy efficient and independent of external power supply. We compared the warming properties and resistance to flow of currently available battery-operated fluid warmers.MethodsFluid warming was evaluated at 50, 100 and 200 mL/min at a constant input temperature of 20°C and 10°C using a cardiopulmonary bypass roller pump and cooler. Output temperature was continuously recorded.ResultsPerformance of fluid warmers varied with flows and input temperatures. At an input temperature of 20°C and flow of 50 mL/min, the Buddy Lite, enFlow, Thermal Angel and Warrior warmed 3.4, 2.4, 1 and 3.6 L to over 35°C, respectively. However, at an input temperature of 10°C and flow of 200 mL/min, the Buddy Lite failed to warm, the enFlow warmed 3.3 L to 25.7°C, the Thermal Angel warmed 1.5 L to 20.9°C and the Warrior warmed 3.4 L to 34.4°C (p<0.0001).ConclusionWe found significant differences between the fluid warmers: the use of the Buddy Lite should be limited to moderate input temperature and low flow rates. The use of the Thermal Angel is limited to low volumes due to battery capacity and low output temperature at extreme conditions. The Warrior provides the best warming performance at high infusion rates, as well as low input temperatures, and was able to warm the largest volumes in these conditions.