bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Late-Onset Neonatal Sepsis Pathogens Differs in Inpatient and Outpatient Settings
Authors: Black Celeste G. , Tavares Larissa , Stachel Anna , Ratner Adam J. , Randis Tara M. 
Published: December 2018

Objective We sought to examine pathogen distribution and clinical presentation of late-onset sepsis (LOS) at an urban tertiary care center.
Study Design We performed a retrospective review of all culture-confirmed cases of LOS presenting to our institution from 2013 to 2017. Medical records were evaluated for demographic information, sepsis risk factors, encounter location, and clinical outcome.
Results We identified 97 cases of LOS, with a median age at diagnosis of 25 days. The most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (22.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.5%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (12.4%), and Enterococcus faecalis (12.4%). Infections due to E. coli predominated in the outpatient setting (44%), whereas S. aureus and Gram-negative organisms other than E. coli were more frequently isolated from inpatients (21 and 24%, respectively). Gram-positive organisms were more common in infants delivered through cesarean section (p = 0.002) and were associated with more complications (p = 0.03). Escherichia coli LOS presented at an earlier age than S. aureus (15 vs. 32 days; p = 0.04). Of the 15 cases of meningitis, 40% did not have a positive blood culture.
Conclusion Pathogen distribution in our population was different from those previously reported, with a higher prevalence of S. aureus. Encounter location and age at presentation varied significantly by pathogen.
Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes: Outcomes with Expectant Management until 34 versus 35 Weeks
Authors: Lynch Tara A. , Olson-Chen Courtney , Colihan Sarah , Meyers Jeffrey , Holloman Conisha , Li Dongmei , Link Heather , Torres Paola , Kim Annie , King Devon J. , Eckman Cari , Varlamov Anna , Dexter Scott , Pressman Eva K. , Soto-Torres Eleazar , Malshe Amol 
Published: December 2018

Objective To evaluate outcomes with expectant management of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) until 35 weeks versus immediate delivery at ≥34 weeks.
Study Design This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of singletons with preterm PROM at >20 weeks from 2011 through 2017. Groups were defined as expectant management until 35 weeks versus immediate delivery at ≥34 weeks. Primary outcome was composite neonatal morbidity: need for respiratory support, culture positive neonatal sepsis, or antibiotic administration for >72 hours. Univariate and general estimating equation models were used with p < 0.05 considered significant.
Results A total of 280 mother–infant dyads were included. There was no difference in composite neonatal outcome in pregnancies managed with expectant management compared with immediate delivery (43.4 vs. 37.5%; p = 0.32). Those with expectant management had shorter length of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission but higher rates of neonatal antibiotics for > 72 hours, endometritis, and histological chorioamnionitis. There were no cases of fetal demise, neonatal death, or maternal sepsis, and only three cases of neonatal sepsis.
Conclusion There is no difference in composite neonatal morbidity in pregnancies with preterm PROM managed with expectant management until 35 weeks as compared with immediate delivery at 34 weeks. Expectant management is associated with a decreased length of NICU admission but increased short-term infectious morbidity.
Downregulation of EIF5A2 by miR-221-3p inhibits cell proliferation, promotes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in medulloblastoma cells
Authors: Yang Yong , Cui Hanjiang , Wang Xian 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Recently, miR-221-3p expression has been reported to be down-regulated in medulloblastoma (MB), but its functional effects remains unclear. In this study, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed significantly decreased miR-221-3p in MB cell lines. Transfection of miR-221-3p mimics reduced, or inhibitor increased cell proliferation in MB cells using MTT assay. Flow cytometry analysis indicated miR-221-3p overexpression promoted, while knockdown alleviated G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed miR-221-3p directly targets the EIF5A2 gene. Moreover, restoration of EIF5A2 in the miR-221-3p-overexpressing DAOY cells significantly alleviated the suppressive effects of miR-221-3p on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-221-3p overexpression decreased CDK4, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 and increased Bad expression, which was reversed by EIF5A2 overexpression. These results uncovered the tumor suppressive role of miR-221-3p in MB cell proliferation at least in part via targeting EIF5A2, suggesting that miR-221-3p might be a potential candidate target for diagnosis and therapeutics of MB.
Screen time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity changes and displacement in adolescence: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lizandra Jorge , Devís‐Devís José , Valencia‐Peris Alexandra , Tomás José M. , Peiró‐Velert Carmen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackground: This paper determines longitudinal changes in the time Spanish adolescents devote to moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and screen media activity (SMA). Moreover, it examines the displacement hypothesis between time spent on SMA and MVPA.Methods: A cohort of 755 adolescents participated in a prospective cohort study over a three‐year period. Repeated measures ANOVA to highlight interaction effects among all variables and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques were employed.Results: Age and gender‐related variations in longitudinal changes in time spent on MVPA and SMA evolved in the inverse direction (decreased on MVPA/increased on SMA) according to the ANOVA. The potential displacement between time spent on SMA and MVPA from Wave I to Wave II was analysed via SEM. The first model, estimated in the overall sample, showed no evidence for the displacement hypothesis. Subsequently, a multigroup sequence of panel models was performed and a partial displacement was observed only in boys. Hence, boys who spent more time on SMA were more likely to devote less time to MVPA three years later.Conclusion: This study confirms the opposite trend on the time spent on MVPA and SMA over a three‐year period, being clearly higher in SMA. Further SEM analyses reveal a deferred displacement hypothesis between SMA and MVPA only in boys. This partial gendered displacement may be linked to the different uses adolescents make of screen media. The incursion of new technological devices (smartphones or tablets) and their wide range of possibilities for social networking or gaming could explain this displacement
Environmental advertising: the effect of imagery on pro-environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviour / Publicidad medioambiental: el efecto de las imágenes sobre las actitudes proambientales y el comportamiento proambiental
Authors: Soutter Alistair R. B. , Boag Simon 
Published: December 2018

Conservation psychology is an emerging field, with few studies examining the role of advertising imagery on environmental attitudes and behaviours. This study aimed to expand the knowledge in this field, by examining how different types of imagery affect pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours. Undergraduate psychology students from Macquarie University ( N = 124) were assigned to one of three brochure groups. These brochure groups consisted of a hard copy brochure which contained either positive, negative or no images which participants read at the start of the study. Participants’ pro-environmental attitudes were then assessed using the New Ecological Paradigm, and behaviour through a hypothetical scenario in which respondents were asked to proportion $100 across three charity options or retain the money. It was found that positive imagery increased pro-environmental attitudes, over and above both the control (neutral) and negative images. In contrast, imagery did not affect pro-environmental behaviours. These findings suggest that positive images are most likely to elicit positive change in pro-environmental attitudes. However, these findings suggest that imagery in advertising does not impact pro-environmental behaviours.
Major Lessons From Large-Scale Trap Cropping Demonstrations for Pest Reduction in Vegetables
Authors: Majumdar Ayanava , Price Matthew 
Published: December 2018

AbstractVegetable production in the Southeast is always at high risk from insect pests. Alternative integrated pest management (IPM) systems have to be effective in small plot as well as at the farming scale. This article explores the recent studies on large-scale trap crops using single or multiple cultivars and innovative layouts for long-term pest reduction. Trap crops must be planned carefully under high pest pressure and drought conditions along with an insecticide use strategy that minimizes external inputs and conserves natural enemies. Through participatory research approach, trap crop systems continue to evolve into practical solutions for the vegetable producers.
Optimal occlusion pattern for minimally invasive staged segmental artery coil embolization in a chronic porcine model
Authors: von Aspern Konstantin , Haunschild Josephina , Simoniuk Urszula , Kaiser Sven , Misfeld Martin , Mohr Friedrich W , Borger Michael A , Etz Christian D 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Minimally invasive staged segmental artery coil- and plug embolization (MIS2ACE) has been introduced for spinal cord injury prevention prior to open or endovascular thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. To date, no optimal pattern has been developed. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal MIS2ACE occlusion pattern.

METHODS
Twenty-five juvenile pigs were randomly assigned to 3 MIS2ACE occlusion patterns (2 stages) and a control group [single-stage segmental artery (SA) occlusion, N = 7]. The first pattern started with occlusion of all lumbar segmental arteries in the first stage and the remaining thoracic arteries in the second stage (regional pattern, N = 6). In group 2, an alternating approach with occlusion of every other SA in the first stage and the remainder in the second stage was used (alternating pattern, N = 6). The third pattern started with occluding the watershed area between thoracic level 12 and lumbar level 2 in the first stage and the remaining arteries in the second stage (watershed pattern, N = 6). Neurological assessment at 6-h intervals and spinal cord tissue perfusion measurements via microspheres at 6 time points were performed. At the end of the experiments, the spinal cord was histopathologically examined.

RESULTS
An average of 6 ± 2 coils were used per SA. In the control group a total of 57% (N = 4) of animals experienced permanent paraplegia, 1 animal (16%) of the alternating and watershed intervention group suffered from permanent paraplegia. Animals from the staged regional pattern did not experience permanent paraplegia. Furthermore, no evidence of significant tissue damage was observed (P < 0.05 vs control). Tissue perfusion of the lumbar spinal cord in the regional pattern group recovered within 3 days after the second stage to 89.2 ± 47 percent-of-baseline (P = 0.393), whereas mean perfusion of the other 2 intervention groups and the control remained significantly lower compared to the baseline (35.7 ± 16%, 30.2 ± 11% and 63.2 ± 19, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides evidence that MIS2ACE (minimally invasive staging) may result in less ischaemic spinal cord injury and favourable neurological outcomes compared to complete (1 stage) SA occlusion. A regional-based occlusion pattern (starting with the lumbar segmental arteries) seems to be the best 2-stage approach.
Absence of HBV Reactivation in Patients With Resolved HBV Infection Following DAA Therapy for Hepatitis C: A 1-Year Follow-up Study
Authors: Mücke Marcus M , Mücke Victoria T , Peiffer Kai-Henrik , Sarrazin Christoph , Zeuzem Stefan , Berger Annemarie , Vermehren Johannes 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and active or previous hepatitis B virus (HBV) are at risk of HBV reactivation (HBV-R) during direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Recent reports suggest that HBV-R may even occur several months after completion of DAA therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of HBV-R in patients with resolved HBV after successful DAA therapy during long-term follow-up (FU).

Methods
Among 848 patients treated for chronic HCV, all patients with resolved HBV and long-term FU data were eligible for inclusion. Patients were HBV DNA/hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–negative at the end of therapy (EOT) and were followed for up to 52 weeks thereafter. Patients underwent regular alanine transaminase (ALT) testing, and additional HBV DNA/HBsAg testing was performed at FU week 12, end of FU, and in case of an ALT increase above the upper limit of normal (&gt;ULN).

Results
A total of 108 patients were followed up for a mean (range) of 41.5 (24–52) weeks after EOT. None of the patients experienced reverse HBsAg seroconversion or reappearance of HBV DNA. One patient received a liver transplantation; 1 patient was diagnosed with de novo hepatocellular carcinoma, and 2 patients died. Eighteen patients (16.7%) had increased ALT levels (grade 0/1). Of those, the majority were male (72.2%) and significantly more patients had cirrhosis (66.7% vs 36.2%, P = .015) or received ribavirin as part of their treatment regimen (86.7% vs 46.8%, P = .041). None of these were associated with HBV-R.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that the risk of HBV-R in patients with resolved HBV treated with DAAs for HCV is low during long-term follow-up.
Impairment of Inhibition of Trigeminal Nociception via Conditioned Pain Modulation in Persons with Migraine Headaches
Authors: Williams Amy E , Miller Megan M , Bartley Emily J , McCabe Klanci M , Kerr Kara L , Rhudy Jamie L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objective
To assess conditioned pain modulation efficiency in persons with and without migraine headaches.

Design
Cross-sectional assessment of experimental pain.

Setting
University campus and surrounding community in a large Midwestern US city.

Subjects
Twenty-three adults with and 32 without a history of migraine headaches participated in the study. Participants were mostly female (N = 40) with an average age of 23 years.

Methods
Four electrocutaneous stimulations of the supraorbital branch of the left trigeminal nerve were delivered at 150% of an individually determined pain threshold. Conditioned pain modulation was assessed by applying a noxious counterstimulus (forearm ischemia) and delivering four more electrocutaneous stimulations. After each stimulation, pain and the nociceptive blink reflex were assessed. Depression and pain catastrophizing were assessed to control for the potential influence of these variables on pain modulation.

Results
Participants with and without migraine headaches had similar baseline pain responsivity, without significant differences in pain report or nociceptive blink reflexes. Pain report was inhibited by conditioned pain modulation in both the migraine and control groups. However, unlike nonmigraine controls, participants with migraines did not exhibit an inhibition of nociceptive blink reflexes during the ischemia task. This pattern persisted after controlling for level of pain catastrophizing and depression.

Conclusions
Migraine sufferers exhibited impaired conditioned pain modulation of the nociceptive blink reflex, suggesting a deficiency in inhibition of trigeminal nociception, which may contribute to the development of migraine headaches.
Infant Outcome After Complete Uterine Rupture
Authors: Al-Zirqi Iqbal , Daltveit Anne Kjersti , Vangen Siri 
Published: December 2018

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;219:109.e1–109.e8)
Complete uterine rupture is a relatively rare complication that is associated with a catastrophic outcome for both the mother and offspring. There are few large studies powered to examine both severe maternal and infant outcome after complete ruptures because of this complication's rarity and also because of the use of international diagnostic codes that do not differentiate between the less catastrophic partial rupture and more catastrophic complete uterine rupture.
Individual Patient-reported Activity Levels Before and After Joint Arthroplasty Are Neither Accurate nor Reproducible
Authors: Vaughn Natalie H. , Dunklebarger Mitchell F. , Mason Mark W. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Patients often are asked to report walking distances before joint arthroplasty and when discussing their results after surgery, but little evidence demonstrates whether patient responses accurately represent their activity.

Questions/purposes
Are patients accurate in reporting distance walked, when compared with distance measured by an accelerometer, within a 50% margin of error?

Methods
Patients undergoing THA or TKA were recruited over a 16-month period. One hundred twenty-one patients were screened and 66 patients (55%) were enrolled. There were no differences in mean age (p = 0.68), proportion of hips versus knees (p = 0.95), or sex (p = 0.16) between screened and enrolled patients. Each patient wore a FitBitTM Zip accelerometer for 1 week and was blinded to its measurements. The patients reported their perceived walking distance in miles daily. Data were collected preoperatively and 6 to 8 weeks postoperatively. Responses were normalized against the accelerometer distances and Wilcoxon one-tailed signed-rank testing was performed to compare the mean patient error with a 50% margin of error, our primary endpoint.

Results
We found that patients’ self-reported walking distances were not accurate. The mean error of reporting was > 50% both preoperatively (p = 0.002) and postoperatively (p < 0.001). The mean magnitude of error was 69% (SD 58%) preoperatively and 93% (SD 86%) postoperatively and increased with time (p = 0.001).

Conclusions
Patients’ estimates of daily walking distances differed substantially from those patients’ walking distances as recorded by an accelerometer, the accuracy of which has been validated in treadmill tests. Providers should exercise caution when interpreting patient-reported activity levels.

Level of Evidence
Level III, diagnostic study.
Incidence, Risk Factors, Progression, and Treatment of Endovenous Heat-Induced Thrombosis Class 2 or Greater After Endovenous Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Sermsathanasawadi Nuttawut , Pitaksantayothin Wacharaphong , Puangpunngam Nattawut , Chinsakchai Khamin , Wongwanit Chumpol , Mutirangura Pramook , Ruangsetakit Chanean 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND
Endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) is a thrombus that extends from an ablated saphenous vein into the common femoral vein after endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the incidence, progression, treatment, and risk factors associated with EHIT-2 or greater after RFA.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with symptomatic superficial venous incompetence that were treated by RFA of the great saphenous vein or anterior accessory saphenous vein during the July 2012 to December 2016 study period. Duplex ultrasound scanning was performed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and every year after RFA to detect EHIT.

RESULTS
A total of 317 legs from 274 patients were included. The incidence of EHIT-2 or greater was 7.0%, including 5.4% EHIT-2, 1.3% EHIT-3, and 0.3% EHIT-4. No symptomatic pulmonary embolism was found. The independent risk factors for EHIT-2 or greater were vein diameter (p = .027) and concomitant sclerotherapy (p = .037).

CONCLUSION
The risk factors found to be independently associated with EHIT-2 or greater were large vein size and concomitant sclerotherapy. Screening for EHIT should be performed in patients with one or both of these risk factors within 1 week after RFA and in patients with postoperative symptoms suggestive of venous thromboembolism.
Comparisons of Submental and Groin Vascularized Lymph Node Flaps Transfer for Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Ho Olivia A. , Lin Chia-Yu , Pappalardo Marco , Cheng Ming-Huei 
Published: December 2018

Background:The vascularized groin and submental lymph node (VGLN and VSLN) flaps are valuable options in the treatment of lymphedema. This study was to compare outcomes between VGLN and VSLN transfers for breast cancer–related lymphedema.Methods:Between January 2008 and December 2016, VGLN and VSLN transfers for upper limb lymphedema were compared including flap characteristics, flap elevation time, complications, and limb circumference changes.Results:All flaps survived. Similar vein (2.6 versus 3.2 mm;P= 0.3) and artery diameter (2.1 versus 2.8 mm;P= 0.3) and number of lymph nodes (3 versus 4;P= 0.4) were found between VGLN and VSLN groups, respectively. Circumferential reduction rate was higher in VSLN than VGLN (P= 0.04) group. Vascular complication rate with salvage rate was not statistically different between the 2 groups. Donor-site complication and total complication rates were statistically higher in VGLN than VSLN flaps (7.7% versus 0%,P= 0.004; 46.2% versus 23.3%,P= 0.002). At a mean 39.8 ± 22.4 months, the circumferential reduction rate was statistically higher in VSLN than in the VGLN group (55.5 ± 14.3% versus 48.4 ± 23.9%,P= 0.04). Both flaps were effectively decreased in the episodes of cellulitis.Conclusions:Both VGLN and VSLN flaps are valuable surgical options in treating breast cancer–related lymphedema. However, the VSLN flap for breast cancer–related lymphedema is better in providing more significant improvements in limb circumference, a faster flap harvest time, decreased complication rates, and minimal donor-site iatrogenic lymphedema.
Ten Tips to Simplify the Spaghetti Wrist
Authors: Meals Clifton G. , Chang James 
Published: December 2018

Summary:
Hand surgeons refer to deep lacerations of the volar distal forearm as “spaghetti wrists.” Given that multiple tendons, vessels, and nerves often require repair, this injury may be intimidating. We review management of spaghetti wrists and summarize with 10 simplifying tips.
NO FACE-DOWN POSITIONING SURGERY FOR THE REPAIR OF CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC MACULAR HOLES
Authors: Elborgy Ebrahim S. , Starr Matthew R. , Kotowski Jacek G. , Chehade Jackson E. Abou , Iezzi Raymond 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
To report visual and anatomical outcomes after the repair of chronic idiopathic macular holes (MHs) with no face-down positioning.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of chronic MH cases of greater than 1-year duration that were repaired through pars plana vitrectomy with broad internal limiting membrane peeling and no face-down positioning between March 2009 and December 2017. There were 18 eyes of 18 patients that met inclusion criteria. Patients with MH duration of less than 1 year and without at least 1 month of follow-up were excluded. Macular hole staging and measurements were performed with spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Mean MH duration was 5.0 ± 6.9 years. Two-thirds of MHs had a basal diameter of more than 1,000 μm. Mean preoperative Snellen visual acuity was 20/302 and improved to a mean postoperative visual acuity of 20/112 (P ≤ 0.0001). Visual acuity improved in all patients who achieved successful anatomical closure, 94.4% (17/18) of eyes.

Conclusion and relevance:
Patients in this series with chronic MH who underwent no-face-down MH repair demonstrated a high single-surgery anatomical closure rate with a significant improvement in visual acuity.