bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity, Ethnobotanical Potential and Sustainability Assessment of Plants Used by Traditional Healers to Treat Cancer in Boyo Division, North-West Region, Cameroon
Authors: Avana-Tientcheu Marie-Louise , Sime Christian Herve , Tsobou Roger , Tchoundjeu Zacharie 
Published: April 2019

Aims: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Therefore, the knowledge on medicinal plants used to cure human cancer could be of great importance for their widespread use and scientific validation. The present study records information on anticancer plants in Boyo Division, in the western highland of Cameroon.
Methods: Thirty traditional healers, were interviewed to document their know-how on the type of human cancer allegedly cured, the plant species used as well as their use pattern. Guided field walks were made to the collection sites for plant and its habitat characterization as well as herbarium voucher collection. Ethnobotanical quantitative tools were used to analyze and summarize collected data. Sustainability of harvest was assessed using a vulnerability index based on seven parameters.
Results: A total of 25 medicinal plants cited were identified as belonging to 13 families and 23 genera. The most represented families were Asteraceae (28%), Lamiaceae (16%), Fabaceae (12%) and Acanthaceae (8%). Out of the seven categories of cancer diseases reported, the highest number of plants species were reported to treat stomach, pancreas, liver, skin and breast cancers, with informant consensus factor (ICF) ranging from 0.79 to 0.82. Leaves (60%) and bark (20%) were the major plant parts used mostly in form of decoction (45.45%) and concoction (38.18%). The result of Relative frequency citations (RFCs) revealed that 9 of the 25 plants species cited were the most frequently used with fidelity levels ranging from 92% (Geniosporum rotundifolium and Ocimum tenuiflorum Aframomum melegueta and Entada abyssinica) to 100% (Coleus blumei, Ocimum gratissimum, Eremomastax speciosa, and Dichrocephala integrifolia). Six species were assessed as vulnerable (Vi ≥ 2), while two species were rated as highly vulnerable namely G. rotundifolium (Vi = 2.71) and E. abyssinica (Vi = 2.85).
Conclusion: New traditionally effective anticancer plants were identified in the present study, some of which were already vulnerable for exploitation in their actual habitat. Plants with high ICF, RFCs and FL values should be subjected to further phytochemical and pharmacological investigations for scientific validation while those with high Vulnerability index should be recommended for participatory domestication by the main users.
Genetic and clonal structures of the tree species Tilia cordata mill. in remnants of ancient forests in Denmark
Authors: Erichsen Eva Ortvald , Wolff Kirsten , Hansen Ole K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe insect‐pollinated forest tree Tilia cordata Mill. grows today in small fragmented populations in Denmark and other western European countries but was, in prehistoric times, a dominating species and is considered an indicator species for ancient forest. The species is known to propagate both sexually and vegetatively, forming clonal groups. Few studies have been made on the species' population genetics and on how clonality affects the population structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Danish gene pool by estimating genetic diversity and differentiation, as well as through exhaustive sampling describe clonal structures in some of the populations. Genetic analysis was carried out using nine nuclear microsatellite markers in nine populations, of which four were exhaustively or partly exhaustively sampled. The markers showed a high degree of genetic diversity but low differentiation between populations, with no geographic‐related structure. Clonal structures were found in eight out of the nine populations. In the exhaustively sampled populations, recruitment strategies included both sexual and clonal reproduction with indications that clonality may be enhanced by management and other disturbances.
Zinc cooperates with p53 to inhibit the activity of mitochondrial aconitase through reactive oxygen species accumulation
Authors: Xue Ya‐Nan , Liu Ya‐Nan , Su Jing , Li Jiu‐Ling , Wu Yao , Guo Rui , Yu Bing‐Bing , Yan Xiao‐Yu , Zhang Li‐Chao , Sun Lian‐Kun , Li Yang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming is a central hallmark of cancer. Therefore, targeting metabolism may provide an effective strategy for identifying promising drug targets for cancer treatment. In prostate cancer, cells undergo metabolic transformation from zinc‐accumulating, citrate‐producing cells to citrate‐oxidizing malignant cells with lower zinc levels and higher mitochondrial aconitase (ACO2) activity. ACO2 is a Krebs cycle enzyme that converts citrate to isocitrate and is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated damage. In this study, we found that the expression of ACO2 is positively correlated with the malignancy of prostate cancer. Both zinc and p53 can lead to an increase in ROS. ACO2 can be a target for remodeling metabolism by sensing changes in the ROS levels of prostate cancer. Our results indicate that targeting ACO2 through zinc and p53 can change prostate cancer metabolism, and thus provides a potential new therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
The crime, mental health, and economic impacts of prearrest diversion of people with mental health problems: A systematic review
Authors: Schucan Bird Karen , Shemilt Ian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrearrest diversion strategies are being adopted across the Western world, enabling the police to identify and divert people suspected of having mental disorder towards health and community services rather than the criminal justice system.AimsTo quantify longer‐term criminal justice and mental health outcomes after prearrest diversion of people with suspected mental disorder and consider economic correlates.MethodsA systematic review of published literature on longer term outcomes after prearrest diversion.ResultsOnly two quasi‐experimental studies, with four independent samples, could be included. Findings for criminal and mental health outcomes were inconclusive, but potential for adverse outcomes was identified. Ten studies with cost data suggested that prearrest diversion can lead to overall cost savings.ConclusionsThere is still inadequate evidence on which to base prearrest diversion programmes. Although some benefits have been identified by the review, so have possible harms. Future research and funding strategies must build in high‐quality, systematic evaluation of outcomes before implementing a theoretically attractive strategy more widely.
Tailoring the Porosity in Iron Phosphosulfide Nanosheets to Improve the Performance of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Jian , Feng Fang , Pu Yong , Li Xing'ao , Lau Cher Hon , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetal sulfide photocatalysts are typically required during water splitting to produce hydrogen. However, the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs in these highly unstable photocatalysts has restricted hydrogen production to small‐scale batch reactions. In this work, porous transition‐metal thiophosphites were used to enable continuous long‐term hydrogen production through photocatalysis. A wide bandgap (2.04 eV) was essential for generating hydrogen at a rate of 305.6 μmol h−1 g−1, 180 % faster than nonporous FePS3 nanosheets. More importantly, the high in‐plane stiffness of these approximately 7 nm thick porous FePS3 nanosheets ensured structural stability during 56 h of continuous photocatalysis reactions. The reaction results with D2O instead of H2O indicated that hydrogen mainly came from H2O. Furthermore, a sacrificial reagent (triethylamine) was photodegraded into diethylamine and acetaldehyde through a monoelectronic oxidation process, as indicated by HPLC and LC–MS. This synthesis strategy reported for FePS3 porous nanosheets paves a new pathway for designing other dianion‐based inorganic nanocrystals for hydrogen energy applications.
Real‐world treatment patterns of sacubitril/valsartan: a longitudinal cohort study in Germany
Authors: Wachter Rolf , Fonseca Ana F. , Balas Bogdan , Kap Elisabeth , Engelhard Johanna , Schlienger Raymond , Klebs Sven , Wirta Sara Bruce , Kostev Karel 
Published: April 2019

AimsTo analyse real‐world treatment patterns of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) using data from a pharmacy database in Germany.Methods and resultsA retrospective cohort study of 26 191 adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) in the IMS® longitudinal prescriptions database in Germany who were dispensed sac/val from January 2016 to June 2017 was conducted. The analysis included sac/val dose titration assessed in the 6 months from first sac/val prescription; prescriptions of concomitant cardiovascular medications in the 6 months pre‐ and post‐index and compliance and persistence during 12 months post‐index. Two‐thirds of patients were prescribed the lowest sac/val dose of 50 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) at index and up‐titration during the first 6 months was attempted in 41% of these patients. Ten percent of patients prescribed 200 mg b.i.d. at index had to be stably down‐titrated; among patients prescribed 50 or 100 mg b.i.d. at index that were up‐titrated, > 80% remained on the higher dose. Overall, the mean daily diuretic dose decreased by 25% after initiation of sac/val. High compliance and persistence rates were observed across sac/val doses, increasing with higher sac/val dose at index. Prior dose of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker had only minor impact on first sac/val dose, compliance and persistence.ConclusionsMost patients prescribed sac/val are not initiated on the recommended dose nor up‐titrated as recommended by the EU Summary of Product Characteristics. Initiation of sac/val was associated with high persistence and compliance and a dose reduction of diuretics. Barriers to up‐titration must be explored.
Research and application of Boolean operation for triangular mesh model of underground space engineering—Boolean operation for triangular mesh model
Authors: Qin Yaguang , Luo Zhouquan , Wen Lei , Feng Chundi , Zhang Xuyang , Lan Ming , Liu Bing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study is aiming at the problems of slow collision detection speed of bounding box, low efficiency of triangle intersection detection, and triangulation in regions where complex intersecting lines are segmented that exist in Boolean operation of triangular mesh model in underground space engineering. The orientation calculation method of underground space engineering is put forward, and the precise definition of bounding box is realized. A simple method to realize the fast intersection detection algorithm between triangles is presented, the process of transforming the projection of intersecting lines into scalar and then judging is eliminated, and the efficiency of triangle intersection detection is improved. On the basis of Delaunay triangulation robust algorithm, numbering method of intersection position is improved. Central axis region division method and hierarchical subdivision triangulation method are proposed, which can divide all the regions of mixed complex intersections in one traversal. A subdivision triangulation method by comparing the cosine value of internal tension angle is proposed, and the subdivision triangulation of polygon is optimized. The feasibility of the algorithm is verified by practical engineering application.
Causes of hOCT1‐Dependent Cholangiocarcinoma Resistance to Sorafenib and Sensitization by Tumor‐Selective Gene Therapy
Authors: Lozano Elisa , Macias Rocio I.R. , Monte Maria J. , Asensio Maitane , del Carmen Sofia , Sanchez‐Vicente Laura , Alonso‐Peña Marta , Al‐Abdulla Ruba , Munoz‐Garrido Patricia , Satriano Letizia , O'Rourke Colm J. , Banales Jesus M. , Avila Matias A. , Martinez‐Chantar Maria L. , Andersen Jesper B. , Briz Oscar , Marin Jose J.G. 
Published: April 2019

Although the multi‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib is useful in the treatment of several cancers, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is refractory to this drug. Among other mechanisms of chemoresistance, impaired uptake through human organic cation transporter type 1 (hOCT1) (gene SLC22A1) has been suggested. Here we have investigated the events accounting for this phenotypic characteristic and have evaluated the interest of selective gene therapy strategies to overcome this limitation. Gene expression and DNA methylation of SLC22A1 were analyzed using intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA) biopsies (Copenhagen and Salamanca cohorts; n = 132) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)‐CHOL (n = 36). Decreased hOCT1 mRNA correlated with hypermethylation status of the SLC22A1 promoter. Treatment of CCA cells with decitabine (demethylating agent) or butyrate (histone deacetylase inhibitor) restored hOCT1 expression and increased sorafenib uptake. MicroRNAs able to induce hOCT1 mRNA decay were analyzed in paired samples of TCGA‐CHOL (n = 9) and Copenhagen (n = 57) cohorts. Consistent up‐regulation in tumor tissue was found for miR‐141 and miR‐330. High proportion of aberrant hOCT1 mRNA splicing in CCA was also seen. Lentiviral‐mediated transduction of eCCA (EGI‐1 and TFK‐1) and iCCA (HuCCT1) cells with hOCT1 enhanced sorafenib uptake and cytotoxic effects. In chemically induced CCA in rats, reduced rOct1 expression was accompanied by impaired sorafenib uptake. In xenograft models of eCCA cells implanted in mouse liver, poor response to sorafenib was observed. However, tumor growth was markedly reduced by cotreatment with sorafenib and adenoviral vectors encoding hOCT1 under the control of the BIRC5 promoter, a gene highly up‐regulated in CCA. Conclusion: The reason for impaired hOCT1‐mediated sorafenib uptake by CCA is multifactorial. Gene therapy capable of selectively inducing hOCT1 in tumor cells can be considered a potentially useful chemosensitization strategy to improve the response of CCA to sorafenib.
Effects of exercise preconditioning and HSP72 on diaphragm muscle function during mechanical ventilation
Authors: Smuder Ashley J. , Morton Aaron B. , Hall Stephanie E. , Wiggs Michael P. , Ahn Bumsoo , Wawrzyniak Nicholas R. , Sollanek Kurt J. , Min Kisuk , Kwon Oh Sung , Nelson W. Bradley , Powers Scott K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMechanical ventilation (MV) is a life‐saving measure for patients in respiratory failure. However, prolonged MV results in significant diaphragm atrophy and contractile dysfunction, a condition referred to as ventilator‐induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). While there are currently no clinically approved countermeasures to prevent VIDD, increased expression of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) has been demonstrated to attenuate inactivity‐induced muscle wasting. HSP72 elicits cytoprotection via inhibition of NF‐κB and FoxO transcriptional activity, which contribute to VIDD. In addition, exercise‐induced prevention of VIDD is characterized by an increase in the concentration of HSP72 in the diaphragm. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that increased HSP72 expression is required for the exercise‐induced prevention of VIDD. We also determined whether increasing the abundance of HSP72 in the diaphragm, independent of exercise, is sufficient to prevent VIDD.MethodsCause and effect was determined by inhibiting the endurance exercise‐induced increase in HSP72 in the diaphragm of exercise trained animals exposed to prolonged MV via administration of an antisense oligonucleotide targeting HSP72. Additional experiments were performed to determine if increasing HSP72 in the diaphragm via genetic (rAAV‐HSP72) or pharmacological (BGP‐15) overexpression is sufficient to prevent VIDD.ResultsOur results demonstrate that the exercise‐induced increase in HSP72 protein abundance is required for the protective effects of exercise against VIDD. Moreover, both rAAV‐HSP72 and BGP‐15‐induced overexpression of HSP72 were sufficient to prevent VIDD. In addition, modification of HSP72 in the diaphragm is inversely related to the expression of NF‐κB and FoxO target genes.ConclusionsHSP72 overexpression in the diaphragm is an effective intervention to prevent MV‐induced oxidative stress and the transcriptional activity of NF‐κB and FoxO. Therefore, overexpression of HSP72 in the diaphragm is a potential therapeutic target to protect against VIDD.
Comprehensive analysis of serum tumor markers and BRCA1/2 germline mutations in Chinese ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Deng Hongyu , Chen Ming , Guo Xinwu , Heng Jianfu , Xu Xunxun , Peng Limin , Jiang Hui , Li Guoli , Day Julia X. , Li Jinliang , Shan Dongyong , Li Yinghua , Zhou Yanjie , Liu Bin , Dai Lizhong , Wang Xiaochun , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe serum tumor markers has been widely used in ovarian cancer diagnosis. BRCA1/2 germline mutations are the most common predisposing factors for ovarian cancer development. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate serum tumor markers and BRCA1/2 germline mutations and analyze their associations with ovarian cancer.MethodsLevels of 11 serum tumor markers were examined in ovarian cancer patients and controls with benign gynecologic diseases. By integrating multiplex PCR and next‐generation sequencing technologies, BRCA1/2 germline mutations were analyzed and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. The discriminative models with serum tumor markers and BRCA1/2 mutation status were constructed for ovarian cancer detection and patient stratification.ResultsAmong 11 markers, six of them were significantly elevated and only beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐HCG) was significantly reduced in ovarian cancer patients. A total of 54 (23.3%) ovarian cancer patients were found to harbor BRCA1/2 deleterious mutations, and BRCA1/2 mutations were significantly associated with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer‐related tumors and family history of cancer. Carbohydrate antigen 125 showed a good performance in ovarian cancer detection as a single marker (AUC = 0.799), while a panel of eight markers showed a good performance in BRCA1 mutation detection with an AUC value of 0.974. In addition, a panel of five serum tumor markers combined with BRCA1/2 mutation status showed a good performance in lymph node metastasis prediction (AUC = 0.843).ConclusionsWe found the association between BRCA1/2 germline mutation status and serum tumor marker levels, and identified discriminative models that combined serum tumor markers with BRCA1/2 mutation status for ovarian cancer detection and patient stratification.
Take two: Utility of the repeat skeletal muscle biopsy
Authors: Aburahma Samah K. , Wicklund Matthew P. , Quan Dianna 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The utility of repeat muscle biopsy has not been adequately evaluated. Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of 144 repeat muscle biopsies performed from 1980 to 2017. Repeat biopsy was considered clinically relevant if it provided a new diagnosis, changed the existing diagnosis, or led to treatment changes or further investigations. Results: Repeat biopsy was abnormal in 118 cases, different from the initial biopsy in 67 cases, and specific in 40 cases. Factors with a significant effect on clinical relevance of the repeat biopsy (P < 0.05) were an abnormal, specific, or inflammatory initial biopsy, proximal muscle weakness, absence of myalgia, and a repeat biopsy that is different, specific, or consistent with polymyositis or inclusion body myositis. Conclusions: Utility of repeat biopsy was limited to weak patients whose initial biopsy showed inflammatory myositis. Ongoing advances in the diagnosis of immune inflammatory myopathies have led to evolution of the role of repeat biopsy. Muscle Nerve, 2019
Structure‐activity relationship studies on naphthoquinone analogs. The search for new herbicides based on natural products
Authors: Durán Alexandra G , Chinchilla Nuria , Molinillo José MG , Macías Francisco A 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAllelopathy and bioassays constitute fundamental tools in the search for new herbicide templates. The work described here is a continuation of a previous study focused on the structure–activity relationships between transport phenomena and phytotoxic activity. Different modifications were made to the naphthoquinone backbone and two key factors were identified as being responsible for changes in activity: lipophilicity and the nature of the functional group. The study of other naturally occurring and semi‐synthetic naphthoquinones was also proposed.RESULTSA total of 12 5‐O‐acyl plumbagins and 18 analogs with unsaturated and aromatic substituents at positions 2 and 5 were synthesized. These compounds were evaluated in the wheat coleoptile bioassay and against Standard Target Species (STS) and three weeds, namely Echinochloa crus‐galli L., Lolium rigidum Gaud. and Lolium perenne L. A strong structure–function relationship was observed for the different naphthoquinones and root and shoot length were the parameters that were most affected.CONCLUSIONStrong inhibitory effects were observed for the isomeric forms 23 and 33 and the derivatives with a free hydroxyl group, i.e. 24 and 30, gave values higher than 70% inhibition for root length in barnyardgrass and perennial ryegrass. These results highlight the potential of these compounds as models in the development of herbicides based on natural products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Testing the ability of unmanned aerial systems and machine learning to map weeds at subfield scales: a test with the weed Alopecurus myosuroides (Huds)
Authors: Lambert James PT , Childs Dylan Z , Freckleton Rob P 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is important to map agricultural weed populations to improve management and maintain future food security. Advances in data collection and statistical methodology have created new opportunities to aid in the mapping of weed populations. We set out to apply these new methodologies (unmanned aerial systems; UAS) and statistical techniques (convolutional neural networks; CNN) to the mapping of black‐grass, a highly impactful weed in wheat fields in the UK. We tested this by undertaking extensive UAS and field‐based mapping over the course of 2 years, in total collecting multispectral image data from 102 fields, with 76 providing informative data. We used these data to construct a vegetation index (VI), which we used to train a custom CNN model from scratch. We undertook a suite of data engineering techniques, such as balancing and cleaning to optimize performance of our metrics. We also investigate the transferability of the models from one field to another.RESULTSThe results show that our data collection methodology and implementation of CNN outperform pervious approaches in the literature. We show that data engineering to account for ‘artefacts’ in the image data increases our metrics significantly. We are not able to identify any traits that are shared between fields that result in high scores from our novel leave one field our cross validation (LOFO‐CV) tests.CONCLUSIONWe conclude that this evaluation procedure is a better estimation of real‐world predictive value when compared with past studies. We conclude that by engineering the image data set into discrete classes of data quality we increase the prediction accuracy from the baseline model by 5% to an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.825. We find that the temporal effects studied here have no effect on our ability to model weed densities. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.