bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lower Versus Higher Protein Content in Infant Formula Through the First Year on Body Composition from 1 to 6 Years: Follow‐Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Totzauer Martina , Luque Veronica , Escribano Joaquin , Closa‐Monasterolo Ricardo , Verduci Elvira , ReDionigi Alice , Hoyos Joana , Langhendries Jean‐Paul , Gruszfeld Dariusz , Socha Piotr , Koletzko Berthold , Grote Veit ,   for The European Childhood Obesity Trial Study Group
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lower protein (LP) versus higher protein (HP) content in infant formula on body composition from 3 months to 6 years.MethodsIn a multicenter, double‐blind European trial, healthy infants (N = 1,090) were randomly assigned to different protein content formulas (upper [HP] and lower [LP] limits of the European Union regulations in 2001) during the first year; breastfed infants (N = 588) were recruited for reference values.Weight, height, and triceps and subscapular skinfold (SF) thickness were measured repeatedly (N = 650 at 6 years), and body composition was estimated (Slaughter). The 99th percentile of fat mass index reference data were used to assess excess body fat at 6 years.ResultsAt 2 and 6 years, the study observed greater sum of SFs (Δ 2 years: 0.5 mm, P = 0.026, Δ 6 years: 0.6 mm, P = 0.045), fat mass index (Δ 2 years: 0.12 kg/m², P = 0.008, Δ 6 years: 0.15 kg/m², P = 0.011), and fat‐free mass index (Δ 2 years: 0.17 kg/m², P = 0.003, Δ 6 years: 0.18 kg/m², P = 0.010) in the HP group compared with the LP group. At 6 years, the HP group had a twofold higher risk than the LP group for excess body fat (adjusted odds ratio: 2.13, P = 0.019).ConclusionsInfant formula with HP levels induced greater fat mass in children from 2 to 6 years. Lowering the protein content of infant formula may result in a healthier body composition in early childhood.
Normalization of Plus Size and the Danger of Unseen Overweight and Obesity in England
Authors: Muttarak Raya 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate trends and sociodemographic factors underlying weight misperception in adults with overweight and obesity in England.MethodsThis study used descriptive and logistic regression analyses based on a pooled nationally representative cross‐sectional survey, Health Survey for England, for the years 1997, 1998, 2002, 2014, and 2015 of individuals with BMI ≥ 25 (n = 23,459). The main outcomes were (1) weight misperception and (2) weight‐loss attempts as well as the associations with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and health status.ResultsThe proportion of individuals with overweight and obesity misperceiving their weight status increased over time between 1997 and 2015 (37% to 40% in men; 17% to 19% in women). There were socioeconomic disparities in the misperception of weight status, with lower‐educated individuals from poorer‐income households and members of minority ethnic groups being more likely to underestimate their weight. Those underestimating their overweight and obesity status were 85% less likely to try to lose weight compared with people who accurately identified their weight status.ConclusionsThe upward trend in underassessment of overweight and obesity status in England is possibly a result of the normalization of overweight and obesity. Obesity prevention programs need to consider differential sociodemographic characteristics associated with underassessment of weight status.
Combined Treatment for Obesity and Depression: A Pilot Study
Authors: Faulconbridge Lucy F. , Driscoll Colleen F. B. , Hopkins Christina M. , Bailer Benforado Brooke , Bishop‐Gilyard Chanelle , Carvajal Raymond , Berkowitz Robert I. , DeRubeis Robert , Wadden Thomas A. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveObesity and depression frequently co‐occur, and each increases risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study tested whether a combined treatment, targeting obesity and depression simultaneously, would yield greater improvements in weight, mood, and CVD risk factors than treatments that targeted each disease individually.MethodsSeventy‐six participants with obesity and major depression were randomly assigned to (1) behavioral weight control (BWC), (2) cognitive behavioral therapy for depression (CBT‐D), or (3) BWC combined with CBT‐D. Participants were provided 18 group treatment sessions over 20 weeks. Mood, weight, and CVD risk were assessed at baseline and weeks 8 and 20, with a follow‐up visit at week 46.ResultsAt week 20, participants in combined treatment lost significantly (P < 0.02) more weight (5.2% ± 1.2%) than those assigned to CBT‐D (0.8% ± 1.3%) and comparable amounts as those in BWC (3.5% ± 1.3%). Depression scores decreased significantly from baseline levels in each group, with no significant differences between groups. All three groups showed significant improvements in 10‐year CVD risk, with no significant differences between groups. Groups did not differ significantly on any of these measures at week 46.ConclusionsBWC yielded short‐term improvements in weight, mood, and CVD risk, comparable to a combined treatment that incorporated CBT‐D. Results require replication with a larger sample size.
The two‐faced nature of BK polyomavirus: lytic infection or non‐lytic large‐T‐positive carcinoma
Authors: Nickeleit Volker , Singh Harsharan K , Kenan Daniel J , Mieczkowski Piotr A 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn immunocompromised patients, reactivation of latent BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) can cause disease with lytic infections of the kidneys and the lower urinary tract. Emerging evidence also links BKPyV to oncogenesis and high‐grade intrarenal and transitional cell carcinomas. These neoplasms strongly express polyomavirus large‐T antigen as a defining feature; that is, they are ‘large‐T‐positive carcinomas’. Such neoplasms arise in immunocompromised patients, typically in renal allograft recipients, and preferentially in tissues harbouring latent BKPyV. In recent articles in this journal, it was shown that tumour cells harbour replication‐incompetent clonal BKPyV. The virus can be truncated and randomly integrated into the genome, and/or it can be mutated in an episomal state. Truncation and/or deletions in the BKPyV non‐coding control region can hamper late viral gene expression, replication, and cell lysis, while facilitating overexpression of early genes, including that encoding large‐T. Biologically active fusion proteins or alterations in human tumour suppressor or promoter function have not been described so far, making uncontrolled large‐T gene expression in non‐lytically infected cells a prime suspect for neoplastic transformation. Current concepts of BKPyV‐induced disease, including recent reports from this journal, are discussed, and evolving paradigms of BKPyV‐associated oncogenesis are highlighted. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Successful treatment of invasive mucormycosis with isavuconazole in pediatric patients
Authors: Barg Assaf A. , Malkiel Sarah , Bartuv Maya , Greenberg Gahl , Toren Amos , Keller Nathan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundInvasive mold infections (IMIs) are a leading cause of mortality among immunocompromised patients. Isavuconazole is a new drug that shows promise in the adult population for the treatment of IMIs. No data regarding the use of isavuconazole in pediatric patients have been published.MethodsPatients with a diagnosis of IMI from our pediatric hemato‐oncology division, treated with isavuconazole between 2010 and 2016, were identified using the hospital's computerized database. Data including demographics, clinical course, and outcome were collected. Pharmacokinetic samples were obtained from two younger patients to guide dosing.ResultsIn total, three patients (4.5, 5, and 19 years of age) with invasive mucormycosis who were treated with isavuconazole were identified. All patients were treated with isavuconazole as a second line therapy and experienced improvement following the initiation of this treatment.ConclusionsBased on our limited clinical experience, isavuconazole may be a safe and effective treatment option for children and adolescents afflicted by IMI. Prospective clinical trials should be performed in order to evaluate the pharmakokinetics and safety of isavuconazole in the pediatric population.
Predicting parental distress among children newly diagnosed with craniopharyngioma
Authors: Peterson Rachel K. , Ashford Jason M. , Scott Sarah M. , Wang Fang , Zhang Hui , Bradley Julie A. , Merchant Thomas E. , Conklin Heather M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildhood brain tumor diagnoses are stressful for families. Children diagnosed with craniopharyngioma (Cp) present with particularly challenging medical and cognitive problems due to tumor location and associated biophysiologic comorbidities. This study examined parental distress in a sample of families of patients with Cp treated with proton beam therapy to identify factors for targeting psychological intervention.ProcedurePrior to (n = 96) and 1 year after (n = 73) proton therapy, parents of children diagnosed with Cp (9.81 ± 4.42 years at baseline; 49% male) completed a self‐report measure of distress, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Children completed cognitive assessment measures at baseline; medical variables were extracted from the study database.ResultsAt baseline, t‐tests revealed parents reported higher levels of distress than normative expectations on Anxiety, Depression, Global Severity, and Positive Symptom Distress BSI scales (P < 0.05). Linear mixed effects models revealed parent report measures of child executive dysfunction and behavioral issues were more predictive of parental distress than patients’ cognitive performance or medical status (P < 0.05). Models also revealed a significant reduction only in Anxiety over time (t = –2.19, P < 0.05). Extensive hypothalamic involvement at baseline predicted this reduction (P < 0.05).ConclusionParents experience significant distress before their child begins adjuvant therapy for Cp, though parental distress appears largely unrelated to medical complications and more related to parent perceptions of child cognitive difficulties (vs. child performance). Importantly, this may be explained by a negative parent reporting style among distressed parents. Knowledge of socio‐emotional functioning in parents related to patient characteristics is important for optimization of psychological intervention.
Therapeutic response of metastatic angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma carrying EWSR1‐CREB1 fusion to the interleukin‐6 receptor antibody tocilizumab
Authors: Potter Samara L. , Quintanilla Norma M. , Johnston Danielle K. , Naik‐Mathuria Bindi , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAngiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue tumor that has been associated with EWSR1‐CREB1 gene fusion. Outcome in patients with unresectable distant metastases is generally fatal. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) secretion has been described in tumors with EWSR1‐CREB1 fusion, and may promote tumor growth due to autocrine stimulation. Tocilizumab is an IL‐6 receptor antibody that has potential benefit as a targeted therapy in refractory neoplasms with IL‐6 secretion. We describe a child with metastatic AFH with EWSR1‐CREB1 fusion and elevated IL‐6 whose disease progressed during treatment with traditional chemotherapeutic agents, but improved after targeted therapy with tocilizumab.
Paralogous Cyp51s mediate the differential sensitivity of Fusarium oxysporum to sterol demethylation inhibitors
Authors: Zheng Bangxian , Yan Leiyan , Liang Wenxing , Yang Qianqian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAs a soilborne fungus, Fusarium oxysporum can cause vascular wilt in numerous economically important crops. Application of antifungal drugs is the primary method for the control of F. oxysporum. Cyp51, a key enzyme of sterol biosynthesis is the main target of sterol demethylation inhibitors.RESULTSThe F. oxysporum genome contains three paralogous CYP51 genes (named FoCYP51A, FoCYP51B and FoCYP51C) that putatively encode sterol 14α‐demethylase enzymes. Each of the three genes was able to partially complement the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ERG11 mutant. Growth assays demonstrated that deletion mutants of FoCYP51B, but not FoCYP51A and FoCYP51C were significantly retarded in hyphal growth. Deletion of FoCYP51A (ΔFoCyp51A and ΔFoCyp51AC) led to increased sensitivity to 11 sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Interestingly, FoCYP51B deletion mutants (ΔFoCyp51B and ΔFoCyp51BC) exhibited significantly increased sensitivity to only four DMIs (two of which are in common with the 11 DMIs mentioned earlier). Deletion of FoCYP51C did not change DMI sensitivity of F. oxysporum. None of the three FoCYP51s are involved in F. oxysporum virulence. The sensitivity of F. oxysporum isolates increased significantly when subjected to a mixture of different subgroups of DMIs classified based on the different sensitivities of FoCYP51 mutants to DMIs compared to the individual components.CONCLUSIONSFoCYP51A and FoCYP51B are responsible for sensitivity to different azoles. These findings have direct implications for fungicide application strategies of plant and human diseases caused by F. oxysporum. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Photocatalytic Reduction of Graphene Oxide–TiO2 Nanocomposites for Improving Resistive‐Switching Memory Behaviors
Authors: Zhao Xiaoning , Wang Zhongqiang , Xie Yu , Xu Haiyang , Zhu Jiaxue , Zhang Xintong , Liu Weizhen , Yang Guochun , Ma Jiangang , Liu Yichun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO)‐based resistive‐switching (RS) memories offer the promise of low‐temperature solution‐processability and high mechanical flexibility, making them ideally suited for future flexible electronic devices. The RS of GO can be recognized as electric‐field‐induced connection/disconnection of nanoscale reduced graphene oxide (RGO) conducting filaments (CFs). Instead of operating an electrical FORMING process, which generally results in high randomness of RGO CFs due to current overshoot, a TiO2‐assisted photocatalytic reduction method is used to generate RGO‐domains locally through controlling the UV irradiation time and TiO2 concentration. The elimination of the FORMING process successfully suppresses the RGO overgrowth and improved RS memory characteristics are achieved in graphene oxide–TiO2 (Go‐TiO2) nanocomposites, including reduced SET voltage, improved switching variability, and increased switching speed. Furthermore, the room‐temperature process of this method is compatible with flexible plastic substrates and the memory cells exhibit excellent flexibility. Experimental results evidence that the combined advantages of reducing the oxygen‐migration barrier and enhancing the local‐electric‐field with RGO‐manipulation are responsible for the improved RS behaviors. These results offer valuable insight into the role of RGO‐domains in GO memory devices, and also, this mild photoreduction method can be extended to the development of carbon‐based flexible electronics.
Speeding up test execution with increased cache locality
Authors: Stratis Panagiotis , Rajan Ajitha 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAs the scale and complexity of software increases, the number of tests needed for effective validation becomes extremely large. Executing these large test suites is expensive, both in terms of time and energy. Cache misses are a significant contributing factor to execution time of software. We propose an approach that helps order test executions in a test suite in such a way that instruction cache misses are reduced. We also ensure that the approach scales to large test suite sizes. We conduct an empirical evaluation with 20 subject programs and test suites from the SIR repository, EEMBC suite, and LLVM Symbolizer, comparing execution times and cache misses with test orderings maximising instruction locality versus a traditional ordering maximising coverage and random permutations. We also assess overhead of algorithms in generating the orderings that optimise cache locality. Nature of programs and tests impact the performance gained with our approach. Performance gains were considerable for programs and test suites where the average number of different instructions executed between tests was high. We achieved an average execution speedup of 6.83% and a maximum execution speedup of 17% over subject programs with differing control flow between test executions.
Plasma 11‐Ketotestosterone in Individual Age‐1 Spring Chinook Salmon Males Accurately Predicts Age‐2 Maturation Status
Authors: Medeiros Lea R. , Galbreath Peter F. , Knudsen Curtis M. , Stockton Chad A. , Koch Ilana J. , Bosch William J. , Narum Shawn R. , Nagler James J. , Pierce Andrew L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh rates of precocious male maturation of spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha as 2‐year‐old minijacks have been observed in Columbia River basin hatchery programs. Previously, minijack rates have been assessed by lethal sampling during the spring prior to release of the age‐1 smolts and measurement of plasma levels of 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT), the major androgen in salmonids. Analysis of plasma 11‐KT levels has been used for separation of male fish into two distinct groups: low levels for immature males and high levels for precociously maturing minijacks. However, no published studies have confirmed how accurately plasma 11‐KT levels measured in the spring prior to smolt release correspond to the maturation status of individual males the following fall spawning season. We utilized both lethal and nonlethal sampling to determine when to sample hatchery‐reared juveniles to obtain clear separation between immature and precociously maturing males and PIT‐tagged fish to determine whether plasma 11‐KT levels in the spring accurately predicted an individual's maturation status in the fall. The distribution of plasma 11‐KT values from fish sampled in February was not significantly bimodal, whereas that from fish sampled in April was strongly bimodal. Plasma 11‐KT levels measured nonlethally in April accurately predicted the maturation status of 99% of male fish, confirmed via the gonadosomatic index obtained the following September. Plasma 11‐KT levels increased from April to September in both immature and maturing males, although the percent increase in maturing males was 10 times greater than that experienced by the non‐maturing smolts. Our findings support the use of spring plasma 11‐KT level as an indicator of maturation status in Chinook Salmon juveniles, provided that an appropriate sampling time is selected.
Diurnal pressure variations in the Garhwal Himalaya: atmospheric fluctuations associated with the solid Earth tide
Authors: Khandelwal D. D. , Kumar Naresh , Chauhan Vishal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAir pressure measurements conducted over 5 years at the Garhwal Himalaya (1836 m amsl) in India show (expected) seasonal variations, along with marked diurnal and semi‐diurnal fluctuations. Measurements were carried out at 15‐min intervals at two sites within ~1 km of each other. Mean monthly air pressure is lowest during summer (June/July) and highest during winter (October–January), with an annual variation of ~10 hPa. The diurnal variation is ~2 hPa, with two minima and two maxima. The pressure minima are usually observed in the evening, between 1600 and 1700 Indian Standard Time (ist) (1030 and 1130 utc) and during the early hours, between 0400 and 0500 ist. The maximum values are observed in the morning, between 1000 and 1100 ist, and at night, between 2200 and 2300 ist. These daily variations are attributed to diurnal and semidiurnal tidal effects, which are well correlated with gravitational variations of ~0.8μgal observed at the same location using a superconducting gravimeter.
Adult roles as predictors of adult identity and identity commitment in Polish emerging adults: Psychosocial maturity as an intervening variable
Authors: Piotrowski Konrad , Brzezińska Anna I. , Luyckx Koen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the present study, we examined the relationships between adult identity, strength of identity commitments, and their potential determinants: number of adult social roles undertaken and psychosocial maturity. A total of 358 emerging adults aged 18 to 30 participated. Structural equation modelling analyses indicated that psychosocial maturity dimensions served as intervening variables between adult roles on the one hand and adult identity and identity commitments on the other. The results suggest that vocational and familial adult roles can be related to different aspects of psychosocial maturity. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Schwannoma intraósseo: Relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Drumond Gustavo Costalonga , Nakagawa Suely Akiko , Costa Felipe D'Almeida , de Souza Murilo Yokoo Teodoro , Comunello Juliane , Chung Wu Tu 
Published: June 2018

ResumoSchwannomas são tumores benignos oriundos de células da bainha neural cuja apresentação intraóssea é rara. Estima-se que os schwannomas intraósseos representem 0,2% de todos os tumores ósseos. Schwannomas podem acometer diferentes ossos do esqueleto, como a mandíbula, o sacro, corpos vertebrais, a ulna, o úmero, o fêmur, a tíbia, a patela, a escápula, costelas e ossos da mão. Apenas quatro casos que acometeram o calcâneo foram descritos na literatura. No presente trabalho, os autores relatam o caso de um paciente masculino de 49 anos com dor no retropé direito e com exames de imagem que evidenciaram lesão osteolítica no calcâneo. O estudo histopatológico confirmou o diagnóstico de Schwannoma intraósseo. O tratamento de escolha foi ressecção intralesional com adjuvância local e substituição por polimetilmetacrilato e fixação com parafusos canulados. O paciente evoluiu de forma satisfatória no pós-operatório e, após 1 ano de evolução, encontra-se assintomático, com boa resposta funcional e sem evidência de doença. Com esse relato, os autores desejam chamar atenção para essa patologia rara, sua apresentação clínica, radiológica e patológica, além de reiterar a importância de incluir o schwannoma intraósseo dentre os diagnósticos diferenciais das lesões osteolíticas do calcâneo.
Depoliticisation as a securitising move: the case of the United Nations Environment Programme
Authors: Maertens Lucile 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCreated in 1972, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has a normative mandate to promote the protection of the environment at the international level. However, since 1999, the organisation has been conducting field assessments in postconflict situations and addressing the role of natural resources in conflict, framing the environment as a security issue. To do so, the programme insists on its neutrality as a technical and ‘apolitical’ actor within the UN system. Considering depoliticisation as a political act, this article unpacks the concrete practices by which international organisations (IOs) enact depoliticisation. It further argues that IOs can perform securitising moves through practices and techniques presented as outside of the political realm. It draws upon the recent work on depoliticisation at the international level and reinforces studies considering the links between (de)politicisation and securitisation.
Variability in determining sepsis time zero and bundle compliance rates for the centers for medicare and medicaid services SEP-1 measure
Authors: Rhee Chanu , Brown Sarah R. , Jones Travis M. , O’Brien Cara , Pande Anupam , Hamad Yasir , Bulger Amy L. , Tobin Kathleen A. , Massaro Anthony F. , Anderson Deverick J. , Warren David K. , Klompas Michael ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe compared sepsis “time zero” and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) SEP-1 pass rates among 3 abstractors in 3 hospitals. Abstractors agreed on time zero in 29 of 80 (36%) cases. Perceived pass rates ranged from 9 of 80 cases (11%) to 19 of 80 cases (23%). Variability in time zero and perceived pass rates limits the utility of SEP-1 for measuring quality.