bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal, environmental, and biological drivers of the mucosal microbiome in a wild marine fish,Scomber japonicus
Authors: Minich Jeremiah J , Petrus Semar , Michael Julius D , Michael Todd P , Knight Rob , Allen Eric E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChanging ocean conditions driven by anthropogenic activity may have a negative impact on fisheries by increasing stress and disease with the mucosal microbiome as a potentially important intermediate role. To understand how environment and host biology drives mucosal microbiomes in a marine fish, we surveyed five body sites (gill, skin, digesta, GI, and pyloric caeca) from 229 Pacific chub mackerel,Scomber japonicus, collected across 38 time points spanning one year from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Pier, making this the largest and longest wild marine fish microbiome survey. Mucosal sites had unique communities significantly different from the surrounding sea water and sediment communities with over 10 times more diversity than sea water alone. Although, external surfaces such as skin and gill were more similar to sea water, digesta was similar to sediment. Both alpha and beta diversity of the skin and gill was explained by environmental and biological factors, especially sea surface temperature, chlorophyll a, and fish age, consistent with an exposure gradient relationship. We verified that seasonal microbial changes were not confounded by migrations of chub mackerel sub-populations by nanopore sequencing a 14 769 bp region of the 16 568 bp mitochondria. A cosmopolitan pathogen,Photobacterium damselae, was prevalent across multiple body sites all year, but highest in the skin, GI, and digesta between June and September. Our study evaluates the extent which the environment and host biology drives mucosal microbial ecology, establishing a baseline for long term monitoring surveys for linking environment stressors to mucosal health of wild marine fish.
Pdl1 and icosl discriminate human secretory and helper dendritic cells
Authors: Hoffmann Caroline , Noel Floriane , Grandclaudon Maximilien , Michea Paula , Surun Aurore , Faucheux Lilith , Sirven Philemon , Lantz Olivier , Rochefort Juliette , Klijanienko Jerzy , Lecerf Charlotte , Kamal Maud , Le Tourneau Christophe , Guillot-Delost Maude , Soumelis Vassili 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTDendritic cells (DC) are described as immature at the steady state, with a high antigen capture capacity, turning into a mature state with a strong T cell stimulatory capacity upon activation. Using 16 different stimuli in vitro (130 observations), we describe two states of human activated dendritic cells. PDL1highICOSLlow “secretory DC” produced large amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines but induced very low levels of T helper (Th) cytokines following DC-T co-culture; conversely PDL1lowICOSLhigh “helper DC” produced low levels of secreted factors but induced high levels of Th cytokines characteristic of a broad range of Th subsets. Secretory DC were phenotypically identified in T cell inflamed primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. RNAseq analysis showed that they expressed a typical secretory DC signature, including CD40, PVR, IL1B, TNF, and CCL19. This novel and universal functional dichotomy of human DC opens broad perspectives for the characterization of inflammatory diseases, and for immunotherapy.
Staphylococcus pasteuri isolates (Spvs) from human atherosclerotic plaques mediate virulence, intracellular resistance and transendothelial invasion of macrophages: A mechanistic paradigm for microbial pathogenicity in atherosclerosis
Authors: Haque Nasreen S. , Modi Jayesh , Haque Niloufar , Laskpwski Igor , Mateo Romeo B. , Babu Sateesh C. , Barasch Samuel , Fallon John , Amar Solomon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, a chronic inflammatory condition of multifactorial etiology, is the leading cause of death worldwide. The concept of ‘bacterial persistence’ has been proposed as one of several contributing factors to this disease. We hypothesized that the infectious agent(s) found at the site of the atheroma may be dormant but perpetuate virulence in response to host defense and other physiological triggers. In this study, we sought to identify the source of persistent infection in human atherosclerotic plaque and define how pathogen virulence and host defenses mediate plaque vulnerability. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to identify bacteria from pure cultures obtained from atherosclerotic tissues of living subjects diagnosed with more than 70% occlusion of the carotid artery undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CE). WGS identified the predominant species as S. pasteuri (Spv) in all CE isolates grown in pure culture except one isolate which was identified as B. licheniformis. All S. pasteuri isolates (Spvs) were found to contain genes for widespread virulence, invasion, and intracellular resistance. As macrophages (Mφs) play a decisive role at all stages of this disease we treated mouse Mφs (RAW 264.7) with Spvs. While all Spvs tested demonstrated their ability to survive phagocytosis, the highly virulent Spvs also activated Mφs and induced trans-endothelial cell migration of these cells which was mediated via the CC chemokine CCL1 and its receptor CCR8. In conclusion, we show that Spvs are found in CE plaques, have the capacity to survive phagocytosis and induce the transmigration of Mφs across an endothelial barrier in a CCL1-CCR8 dependent process. These findings highlight the significance of carotid vessels as a reservoir for S. pasteuri, a pathogen found in products used routinely in human consumption; this may explain how microbial pathogenicity modulates plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis.
A carbonic anhydrase pseudogene sensitizes selectBrucellalineages to low CO2tension
Authors: Varesio Lydia M. , Willett Jonathan W. , Fiebig Aretha , Crosson Sean 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBrucellaare intracellular pathogens that cause a disease known as brucellosis. Though the genus is highly monomorphic at the genetic level, species have animal host preferences and some defining physiologic characteristics. Of note is the requirement for increased CO2tension to cultivate particular species, which confounded early efforts to isolateB. abortusfrom diseased cattle. Differences in the capacity ofBrucellaspecies to assimilate CO2are determined by mutations in the carbonic anhydrase gene,bcaA. Ancestral single nucleotide insertions inbcaAhave resulted in frameshifted pseudogenes inB. abortusandB. ovislineages, which underlie their inability to grow under the low CO2tension of a standard atmosphere. Incubation of wild-typeB. ovisin air selects for mutations that “rescue” a functionalbcaAreading frame, which enables growth under low CO2and enhances growth rate in high CO2. Consistent with this result, we show that heterologous expression of functionalE. colicarbonic anhydrases enablesB. ovisgrowth in air. Growth of wild-typeB. ovisis acutely sensitive to a reduction in CO2tension, while frame-rescuedB. ovismutants are completely insensitive to CO2shifts. Wild-typeB. ovisinitiates a gene expression program upon CO2downshift that resembles the stringent response and results in activation of itsvirBtype IV secretion system. Our study provides evidence that loss-of-function insertion mutations inbcaAsensitize the response ofB. ovisandB. abortusto reduced CO2tension relative to otherBrucellalineages. CO2-dependent starvation and virulence gene expression programs in these species may influence persistence or transmission in natural hosts.ImportanceBrucellaspp. are highly related, but exhibit differences in animal host preference that must be determined by genome sequence differences.B. ovisand the majority ofB. abortusstrains require increased CO2tension to be cultivatedin vitro, and harbor conserved insertional mutations in the carbonic anhydrase,bcaA, which underlie this trait. Mutants that grow in a standard atmosphere, first reported nearly a century ago, are easily selected in the laboratory. These mutants harbor varied indel polymorphisms inbcaAthat restore its consensus reading frame and rescue its function. Loss ofbcaAfunction has evolved independently in theB. ovisandB. abortuslineages, and results in a dramatically increased sensitivity to CO2limitation.
Floral organs act as environmental filters and interact with pollinators to structure the yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus) floral microbiome
Authors: Gómez María Rebolleda , Ashman Tia-Lynn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAssembly of microbial communities is the result of neutral and selective processes. However, the relative importance of these processes is still debated. Microbial communities of flowers, in particular, have gained recent attention because of their potential impact to plant fitness and plant-pollinator interactions. However, the role of selection and dispersal in the assembly of these communities remains poorly understood. We evaluated the role of pollinator-mediated dispersal on the contribution of neutral and selective processes in the assembly of floral microbiomes of the yellow monkeyflower (Mimulus guttatus). We sampled floral organs from flowers in the presence and absence of pollinators within five different serpentine seeps in CA and obtained 16S amplicon data on the epiphytic bacterial communities. Consistent with strong micro-environment selection within flowers we observed significant differences in community composition across floral organs and only a small effect of geographic distance. Pollinator exposure affected the contribution of environmental selection and depended on the rate and “intimacy” of interactions with flower visitors. This study provides evidence of the importance of dispersal and within-flower heterogeneity in shaping epiphytic bacterial communities of flowers, and highlights the complex interplay between pollinator behavior, environmental selection and additional abiotic factors in shaping the epiphytic bacterial communities of flowers.
Genetic and functional evidence relates a missense variant inB4GALT1to lower LDL-C and fibrinogen
Authors: Montasser May E. , Hout Cristopher V.Van , McFarland Rebecca , Rosenberg Avraham , Callaway Myrasol , Shen Biao , Li Ning , Daly Thomas J. , Howard Alicia D. , Lin Wei , Mao Yuan , Ye Bin , Gatta Giusy Della , Tzoneva Gannie , Perry James , Ryan Kathleen A. , Miloscio Lawrence , Economides Aris N. ,   Regeneron Genetics Center,   NHLBI TOPMed Program, Sztalryd-Woodle Carole , Mitchell Braxton D. , Healy Matthew , Streeten Elizabeth , Zaghloul Norann A. , Taylor Simeon I. , O’Connell Jeffrey R. , Shuldiner Alan R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIncreased LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and fibrinogen are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We identified novel associations between an Amish-enriched missense variant (p.Asn352Ser) in a functional domain of beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1 (B4GALT1) and 13.5 mg/dl lower LDL-C (p=1.6E-15), and 26 mg/dl lower plasma fibrinogen (p= 9.8E-05). N-linked glycan profiling found p.Asn352Ser to be associated (p-values from 1.4E-06 to 1.0E-17) with decreased glycosylation of glycoproteins including: fibrinogen, ApoB100, immunoglobulin G (IgG), and transferrin.In vitroassays found that the mutant (352Ser) protein had 50% lower galactosyltransferase activity compared to wild type (352Asn) protein. Knockdown ofb4galt1in zebrafish embryos resulted in significantly lower LDL-C compared to control, which was fully rescued by co-expression of 352Asn humanB4GALT1mRNA but only partially rescued by co-expression of 352Ser humanB4GALT1mRNA. Our findings establishB4GALT1as a novel gene associated with lower LDL-C and fibrinogen and suggest that targeted modulation of protein glycosylation may represent a therapeutic approach to decrease CVD risk.
Impaired Therapeutic Efficacy of Bone Marrow Cells from Post-Myocardial Infarction Patients in the TIME and LateTIME Clinical Trials
Authors: Wang Xiaoyin , Derakhshandeh Ronak , Rodriguez Hilda J. , Han Daniel D. , Kostyushev Dmitry S. , Henry Timothy D. , Traverse Jay H. , Moyé Lem , Simari Robert D. , Taylor Doris A. , Springer Matthew L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImplantation of bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) into mouse hearts post-myocardial infarction (MI) limits cardiac functional decline. However, clinical trials of post-MI BMC therapy have yielded conflicting results. While most laboratory experiments use healthy BMC donor mice, clinical trials use post-MI autologous BMCs. Post-MI mouse BMCs are therapeutically impaired, due to inflammatory changes in BMC composition. Thus, therapeutic efficacy of the BMCs progressively worsens after MI but recovers as donor inflammatory response resolves. The availability of post-MI patient BM mononuclear cells (MNCs) from the TIME and LateTIME clinical trials enabled us to test if human post-MI MNCs undergo a similar period of impaired efficacy. We hypothesized that MNCs from TIME trial patients would be less therapeutic than healthy human donor MNCs when implanted into post-MI mouse hearts, and that therapeutic properties would be restored in MNCs from LateTIME trial patients. Post-MI SCID mice received MNCs from healthy donors, TIME patients, or LateTIME patients. Cardiac function improved considerably in the healthy donor group, but neither the TIME nor LateTIME group showed therapeutic effect. Conclusion: post-MI human MNCs lack therapeutic benefits possessed by healthy MNCs, which may partially explain why BMC clinical trials have been less successful than mouse studies.
Short and long TNF-alpha exposure recapitulates canonical astrogliosis events in human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived astrocytes
Authors: Trindade Pablo , Loiola Erick Correia , Gasparotto Juciano , Ribeiro Camila Tiefensee , Leal Cardozo Pablo , Devalle Sylvie , Salerno José Alexandre , Ornelas Isis Moraes , Ledur Pitia Flores , Ribeiro Fabiola Mara , Ventura Ana Lucia Marques , Moreira José Claudio Fonseca , Gelain Daniel Pens , Porciúncula Lisiane Oliveira , Rehen Stevens Kastrup 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAstrogliosis comprises a variety of changes in astrocytes that occur in a context-specific manner, triggered by temporally diverse signaling events that vary with the nature and severity of brain insults. However, most mechanisms underlying astrogliosis were described using animal models, which fail to reproduce some aspects of human astroglial signaling. Here, we report an in vitro model to study astrogliosis using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived astrocytes which replicates aspects temporally intertwined of reactive astrocytes in vivo. We analyzed the time course of astrogliosis by measuring nuclear translocation of NF-kB, secretion of cytokines and changes in morphological phenotypes of human iPSC-derived astrocytes exposed to TNF-α. It was observed the NF-kB nuclear translocation, increases either in the inflammation-related cytokines secretion and gene expression for IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α following 24 h TNF-α stimulation. After 5 days, human iPSC-derived astrocytes exposed to TNF-α exhibited increases in vimentin and GFAP immunolabeling, elongated shape and shrinkage of nuclei, which is typical phenotypes of astrogliosis. Moreover, about a 50% decrease in D-[3H] aspartate uptake was observed over the astrogliosis course with no evident cell damage, which suggests astrocytic dysfunction. Taken together, our results indicate that cultured human iPSC-derived astrocytes reproduce canonical events associated to astrogliosis in a time dependent fashion. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of mechanisms governing human astrogliosis. Furthermore, the approach described here presents a potential applicability as a platform to uncover novel biomarkers and new drug targets to refrain astrogliosis associated to human brain disorders.
Lateral occipitotemporal cortex encodes perceptual components of social actions rather than abstract representations of sociality
Authors: Wurm Moritz. F. , Caramazza Alfonso 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeuroimaging studies suggest that areas in the lateral occipitotemporal cortex (LOTC) play an important role in the perception of social actions. However, it is unclear what precisely about social actions these areas represent: perceptual features that may be indicative of social actions – such as the presence of persons in a scene, their orientation toward each other, and in particular the directedness of action movements toward persons or other targets – or more abstract representations that capture whether an action is meant to be social. In two fMRI experiments, we used representational similarity analysis (RSA) to test whether LOTC is sensitive to perceptual action components important for social interpretation and/or more general representations of sociality (Experiment 1) and implied person-directedness (Experiment 2). We found that LOTC is sensitive to perceptual action components (person presence, person orientation, and action directedness toward different types of recipients). By contrast, more general levels of sociality and implied person-directedness were not captured by LOTC. Our findings suggest that regions in LOTC provide the perceptual basis for social action interpretation but challenge accounts that posit specialization at more general levels sensitive to social actions and sociality as such. We propose that the interpretation of an action – in terms of sociality or other intentional aspects – arises from the interaction of multiple areas in processing relevant action components in a situation-dependent manner.
Inferring immunological control mechanisms from TKI dose alterations in CML patients
Authors: Hähnel Tom , Baldow Christoph , Fassoni Artur C. , Guilhot Joëlle , Guilhot François , Saussele Susanne , Mustjoki Satu , Jilg Stefanie , Jost Philipp J. , Dulucq Stephanie , Mahon François-Xavier , Roeder Ingo , Glauche Ingmar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent clinical findings in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients suggest that the risk of molecular recurrence after stopping tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) treatment substantially depend on an individual, leukemia-specific immune response. However, it is still not possible to prospectively identify patients that will most likely remain in a long-term treatment free remission (TFR). Here, we use a mathematical model for CML, which explicitly includes an anti-leukemic (presumably immunological) effect and apply it to a set of patients (n=60) for whom BCR-ABL/ABL time courses had been quantified before and after TKI stop. We demonstrate that such a feedback control is conceptually necessary to explain long-term remission as observed in about half of the patients. Based on simulation results we classify the patient data sets into three different groups according to their predicted immune system configuration. While one class of patients requires a complete CML eradication to achieve TFR, other patients are able to control the leukemia after treatment cessation. Among them, we identified a third class of patients, which only maintains TFR if an optimal balance between leukemia abundance and immunological activation is achieved before treatment cessation. Further, we demonstrate that the immune response classification of the patients cannot be obtained solely from BCR-ABL measurements before treatment cessation. However, our results strongly suggest that changes in the BCR-ABL dynamics arising after system perturbations, such as TKI dose reduction, holds the information to predict the individual outcome after treatment cessation.
Revealing phase boundaries by weighted parametric structural refinement
Authors: Marlton Frederick , Checchia Stefano , Daniels John 
Published: August 2019

Parametric Rietveld refinement from powder diffraction data has been utilized in a variety of situations to understand structural phase transitions of materials in situ. However, when analysing data from lower-resolution two-dimensional detectors or from samples with overlapping Bragg peaks, such transitions become difficult to observe. In this study, a weighted parametric method is demonstrated whereby the scale factor is restrained via an inverse tan function, making the phase boundary composition a refinable parameter. This is demonstrated using compositionally graded samples within the lead-free piezoelectric (BiFeO3)
x
(Bi0.5K0.5TiO3)
y
(Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3)1–x–y
and (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3)
x
(BaTiO3)1–x
systems. This has proven to be an effective method for diffraction experiments with relatively low resolution, weak peak splitting or compositionally complex multiphase samples.
Situational factors in alcoholic beverage consumption
Authors: Calvo-Porral Cristina , Levy-Mangin Jean-Pierre 
Published: August 2019

PurposeSituational factors influence food and drink consumption, being how, when and where, not fully researched. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to address the influence of “where” in alcoholic beverage consumption. That is, the authors examine the influence of the place of consumption, comparing consumer behaviour at home and at hostelry outlets.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, beer was selected as the alcoholic beverage category. Then, a conceptual model of consumer behaviour was proposed and empirically tested through multi-group structural equation modelling (SEM) on a sample of 525 beer consumers (home consumers=209 and hostelry consumers=316.FindingsThe findings show that the place of consumption influences alcoholic beverage consumer behaviour. While home consumers demand value for money, hostelry consumers seek for product perceived quality.Practical implicationsThis research suggests the applicability of situational factors to the beverages market, providing a starting point for situational segmentation.Originality/valueThe authors’ major contribution is the empirical examination into how alcoholic beverage consumption behaviour is situational dependent.
The role of species for the acceptance of edible insects: evidence from a consumer survey
Authors: Schäufele Isabel , Barrera Albores Eric , Hamm Ulrich 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
Even though insect products increasingly receive attention as a sustainable food alternative to meat, consumer acceptance remains low. The purpose of this paper is to test consumer acceptance of two different insect species with varying degrees of processing which led to different degrees of insects’ visibility.

Design/methodology/approach
Insect dishes that varied according to species and degree of visibility were presented to participants of a self-administered personal survey within a meal context. Consumer acceptance was measured through the willingness-to-try the different dishes, and a hierarchical linear regression was applied to estimate the role of insect species.

Findings
Consumer acceptance can be improved by focusing on different forms of food processing and different insect species. The lower the visibility of insects, the higher the consumer acceptance, independent of insect species. However, this is not sufficient to overcome consumers’ widely held rejection. Main barriers for consumer acceptance seem to be low social and cultural acceptance, fear of trying unknown products and a lack of taste experience.

Originality/value
A huge body of literature has examined determinants of insect consumption, but the majority of these studies did not consider the effects of insect species. The study’s main objective is to close this research gap while checking the most relevant individual traits as identified through a literature review: food neophobia and familiarity, social and cultural norms, awareness of benefits of insect production, meat consumption and socio-demographics.