bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is it pain if it does not hurt? On the unlikelihood of insect pain
Authors: Adamo Shelley A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhether insects (Insecta) have the subjective experience of pain is difficult to answer. Recent work in humans demonstrated that the experience of pain occurs due to the activation of a “pain network” that integrates nociceptive sensory information, memory, emotion, cognition, and self-awareness. In humans, the processing of nociceptive sensory information alone does not produce the subjective experience of pain. Insect nociception is processed largely in parallel in two higher-order areas in the brain: the mushroom bodies and the central complex. There is little evidence of a coordinated pain network that would integrate these two areas with each other along with other traits thought to be important for a pain experience in humans. However, it is difficult to exclude the possibility that insects could have a modest pain experience using a less integrated neural circuit. This possibility seems unlikely, however, because even a modest experience would require some neuronal investment. It is unclear whether insects would benefit from such an investment. Recent work in artificial intelligence suggests that relatively simple, cost-efficient circuits can produce adaptive behaviours without subjective experience. Given our current understanding of insect behaviour, neurobiology, and evolution, the likelihood that insects experience pain is low.
Can metformin stabilize PCSK9 level in stable coronary artery disease patients treated with statins?
Authors: Shek Aleksandr B. , Alieva Rano B. , Kurbanov Ravshanbek D. , Hoshimov Shavkat U. , Nizamov Ulugbek I. , Ziyaeva Adolat V. 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionProprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has emerged as an important marker of cardiovascular risk and a new target for therapeutic interventions. We aimed to study the influence of metformin on the level of circulating PCSK9 in patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) or metabolic syndrome (MetS), receiving moderate doses of statins used in routine clinical practice.Material and methodsThe study included 80 patients with T2DM or MetS receiving rosuvastatin for at least three months prior the study. MetS was diagnosed based on the Global Consensus Definition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Serum level of PCSK9 was measured with an ELISA kit.ResultsPatients with T2DM or MetS, who took part in the research, were divided into 2 groups – those who received metformin prior the main study (21 patients – 1st group) and patients who did not (59 patients – 2nd group). Addition of metformin to the 3-month statin therapy of the 2nd group patients, divided into subgroup A (n = 27) with the addition of metformin and subgroup B (n = 29) without one, did not significantly affect the level of lipids. However, the level of circulating PCSK9 in subgroup A patients decreased, compared to subgroup B (p < 0.01). At the same time, ongoing metformin and rosuvastatin therapy in the 1st group patients was not accompanied by a further decrease of the PCSK9 level.ConclusionsThe addition of metformin to ongoing rosuvastatin therapy did not significantly affect serum lipid levels, but stabilized the level of circulating PCSK9, compared with the group without metformin treatment.
An investigation of the optimal inter-pregnancy interval following pregnancy with a fetus with congenital heart disease
Authors: Strzelecka Iwona , Słodki Maciej , Chrzanowski Jędrzej , Rizzo Giuseppe , Respondek-Liberska Maria , Collaboration group The International Prenatal Cardiology 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionCongenital heart defects (CHD) are one of the most commonly diagnosed congenital malformations in fetuses and newborns. The aim of the study was to determine whether inter-pregnancy interval (IPI), maternal age or number of pregnancies had any influence on the recurrence of congenital heart disease in subsequent pregnancies.Material and methodsWe found in our database 144 women with subsequent pregnancies after CHD in a previous pregnancy. Each woman was selected according to the eligibility and exclusion criteria. Medical history as well as obstetrics history were recorded. Comparisons of groups with and without a recurrence of CHD were performed. We calculated hazard ratios for recurrence of CHD. We also performed analysis of the impact of confounding variables: maternal age and parity. Missing data were excluded from the analysis. Smoking habits as well as socio-demographic characteristics were not evaluated in this study.ResultsA higher risk of recurrence of CHD correlated with a shorter IPI, with a median of 11 months compared with 24 months for the group of healthy fetuses in subsequent pregnancy. The results were statistically significant. Parity was proven to be an important confounder of the study. Multivariable analysis including parity and maternal age did not affect the confidence intervals of hazard ratios for IPI.ConclusionsThe optimal IPI to reduce the risk of recurrence of CHD is 24 months. Shorter intervals are related to a higher risk of recurrence of CHD in the next pregnancy and are independent on the age of the woman and parity.
Paraphenylenediamine and related chemicals as allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Bacharewicz-Szczerbicka Joanna , Reduta Teresa , Pawłoś Anna , Flisiak Iwona 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionParaphenylenediamine (PPDA) is a chemical with strong sensitizing properties used for dyeing of hair and textiles. Paraphenylenediamine can cross-react, resulting in allergy to other related compounds. The prevalence of PPDA sensitization varies widely. The objectives were to assess the frequency of positive patch test reactions to PPDA and related chemicals among patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and to analyze them regarding their clinical pattern, occupation and cross-reactions.Material and methodsThe sociodemographic and clinical data of patients with positive patch tests to PPDA, N-isopropyl-N-phenyl-4-phenylenediamine (IPPD), ethylenediamine (EDA), triethylenetetramine (TETA) and toluene-2,5-diamine (TDA) were analyzed. The frequency, strength and cross-reactions with other chemicals were assessed.ResultsOf 4087 ACD patients patch-tested between 2006 and 2015, positive reactions to PPDA and other amines were found in 166 (4.1%). The occupational character of PPDA allergy was established in 34.3% of patients. Personal history of atopy was reported by 36.7% of pa-tients. In 98% of those examined, allergy presented as ACD, most frequently affecting hands. Hypersensitivity to PPDA was diagnosed in 77.1%, to IPPD in 20.5%, to TDA in 6%, to TETA in 1.2%, and to EDA in 0.6% of cases. The patients with an extremely strong PPDA reaction significantly more frequently showed reactions to other para group chemicals, especially to benzocaine.ConclusionsParaphenylenediamine was a major cause of contact allergy of diverse clinical picture more often affecting women, especially with atopy. Every fifth PPDA-allergic person exhibited hypersensitivity to other related compounds. Strong reactions to PPDA increased the risk of cross-reactions.
The association of endothelin-1 gene polymorphism and its plasma levels with hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Ebrahimi Nazanin , Asadikaram Gholamreza , Mohammadi Abbas , Jahani Yunes , Moridi Mina , Masoumi Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionEndothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most potent among all vasoconstrictors, and its association with cardiovascular diseases has been reported before. Our aim was to investigate the association of ET-1 plasma level and its gene polymorphisms (rs5370 and rs10478694) with hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis (CA).Material and methodsThis study was carried out on 128 women and 132 men, who were divided into 4 groups: hypertensive without atherosclerosis (H+A–); hypertensive with atherosclerosis (H+A+); non-hypertensive with atherosclerosis (H–A+); and non-hypertensive without atherosclerosis (control group). Endothelin-1 plasma levels were measured by ELISA, and gene polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Coronary artery diseases (CAD) were then defined based on angiography data.ResultsThe ET-1 plasma level was significantly higher in the H+A+ group in comparison with the other groups, especially H+A–. Comparing people with CA and those without it, the highest frequency level of the T allele of rs5370 was found in people with CA. Significantly higher frequencies of the 3A allele were detected in hypertensive patients in comparison with non-hypertensive individuals, when analyzing rs10478694.ConclusionsEndothelin-1 plasma level shows a direct association with the risk of CA development. The T allele of rs5370 can be regarded as a risk factor for CA development. The 3A allele of rs10478694 can be associated with the risk of hypertension; therefore, it can be concluded that ET-1 and its gene polymorphisms play an important role in CA development and hypertension observed in the south-eastern populations of Iran.
Protective effect of Vitamin D on imidacloprid-induced testicular injury in rats
Authors: Keles Hikmet , Yalcin Alper , Aydin Hasan 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThe degenerative effects of imidacloprid via oxidative stress are known. Irisin is a recently discovered peptide with energy regulator and antioxidant effects. In addition, the antioxidant potential of Vitamin D has been reported in previous studies. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of Vitamin D on testis morphology and irisin immunoreactivity in imidacloprid-treated rats.Material and methodsThirty-two Wistar albino male rats were divided into groups: control (n = 6), corn oil (n = 6), Vitamin D (n = 6), imidacloprid (n = 7) and imidacloprid + Vitamin D (n = 7). Testis tissues were used to evaluate the histopathological, biochemical and immunohistochemical changes. Oxidative state in testis tissue was determined with total antioxidant and oxidant status markers, total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) respectively.ResultsIn microscopic examination, degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubule epithelium, interstitial edema and increased irisin immunoreactivity were observed in animals given imidacloprid. Also increased TOS and decreased TAS levels were measured in these animals. It was observed that Vitamin D improved the testicular damage histopathologically when compared to the imidacloprid group. However, increase in TAS levels and decrease in both TOS levels and irisin immunoreactivity were found insignificant in animals given Vitamin D.ConclusionsIn the present study it was observed that Vitamin D ameliorated testis injury caused by imidacloprid. Furthermore, imidacloprid was found to increase the immunoreactivity of irisin. In the light of our findings, we conclude that the use of Vitamin D could be beneficial against testicular damage caused by imidacloprid.
Appraisal of lung cancer survival in patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Lu Ming-Shian , Chen Miao-Fen , Yang Yao-Hsu , Lee Chuan-Pin , Lin Chien-Chao , Tseng Yuan-Hsi , Tsai Ying-Huang 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThe survival outcome of lung cancer patients with end-stage renal disease has been poorly studied in the literature. In this study, we evaluated the effect of end-stage renal disease on lung cancer survival.Material and methodsA retrospective, multicenter, matched-cohort study of lung cancer patients with end-stage renal disease under renal replacement therapy (WITH-ESRD) and without end-stage renal disease (WITHOUT-ESRD) was performed. One WITH-ESRD patient was matched to four WITHOUT-ESRD patients.ResultsBaseline clinical characteristics did not differ statistically significantly after matching between the WITH-ESRD and WITHOUT-ESRD groups. WITH-ESRD included 133 patients and WITHOUT-ESRD included 532 patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated no significant difference in median overall survival between WITH-ESRD patients and WITHOUT-ESRD patients (7.36 months versus 12.25 months, respectively, p = 0.133). Lung cancer WITH-ESRD patients receiving medical treatment had a median overall survival of 5.98 months (95% CI: 4.34–11.76) compared to 14.13 months (95% CI: 11.30–16.43) for WITHOUT-ESRD patients, p = 0.019. Although patients receiving surgical treatment compared to those receiving medical treatment had an improvement of survival by 46% (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.19–1.53, p = 0.243), the difference did not reach statistical significance. Cox regression analysis revealed that male gender and stage IIIA-IV were independent factors associated with poor outcome for WITH-ESRD patients.ConclusionsIn our limited experience, the survival for lung cancer with ESRD is not inferior to lung cancer patients without ESRD. The reasons for poor survival for the WITH-ESRD medical treatment group and late diagnosis despite frequent medical visits merit further investigation.
Symptomatic multifocal avascular necrosis in an adolescent
with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Kisla Ekinci Rabia Miray , Balcı Sibel , Celik Gonca , Dogruel Dilek , Altintas Derya Ufuk , Yilmaz Mustafa 
Published: August 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by malar rash, oral ulcers, arthralgia, photosensitivity and nephritis. Herein, we report a rare comorbidity, multiple avascular necrosis (AVN), in an adolescent SLE patient and also highlight the importance of risk factors for this comorbidity with a brief literature review.<br />
A 13-year-old female patient was admitted with severe headache, visual plus auditory hallucinations, polyarthritis and a history of recurrent oral ulcers. Acneiform malar rash, arthritis, cytopenia, low complement levels and autoantibody positivity yielded SLE diagnosis. We diagnosed her as having multifocal AVN after the 4th dose of cyclophosphamide, with bilateral knee pain and swelling and typical geographical lesions on magnetic resonance imaging.<br />
Avascular necrosis is a rare comorbidity of SLE and neuropsychiatric involvement, cyclophosphamide administration and severe disease may be the possible risk factors in addition to corticosteroid use. Further multicenter studies investigating the possible risk factors of AVN with a large number of patients are needed.
Pathologic Features of Down Syndrome Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group Protocol AAML0431
Authors: Mast Kelley J. , Taub Jeffrey W. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gamis Alan S. , Mosse Claudio A. , Mathew Prasad , Berman Jason N. , Wang Yi-Cheng , Jones Heath M. , Campana Dario , Coustan-Smith Elaine , Raimondi Susana C. , Hirsch Betsy , Hitzler Johann K. , Head David R. 
Published: August 2019

Context.—
Detailed diagnostic features of acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome are lacking, leading to potential misdiagnoses as standard acute myeloid leukemia occurring in patients with Down syndrome.

Objective.—
To evaluate diagnostic features of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in patients with Down syndrome.

Design.—
Diagnostic bone marrow samples from 163 patients enrolled in the Children's Oncology Group study AAML0431 were evaluated by using central morphologic review and institutional immunophenotyping. Results were compared to overall survival, event-free survival, GATA1 mutation status, cytogenetics, and minimal residual disease results.

Results.—
Sixty myelodysplastic syndrome and 103 acute myeloid leukemia samples were reviewed. Both had distinctive features compared to those of patients without Down syndrome. They showed megakaryocytic and erythroid but little myeloid dysplasia, and marked megakaryocytic hyperplasia with unusual megakaryocyte morphology. In acute myeloid leukemia cases, megakaryoblastic differentiation of blasts was most common (54 of 103, 52%); other cases showed erythroblastic (11 of 103, 11%), mixed erythroid/megakaryoblastic (20 of 103, 19%), or no differentiation (10 of 103, 10%). Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia cases had similar event-free survival and overall survival. Leukemic subgroups showed interesting, but not statistically significant, trends for survival and minimal residual disease. Cases with institutional diagnoses of French American British M1-5 morphology showed typical features of Down syndrome disease, with survival approaching that of other cases.

Conclusions.—
Myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome display features that allow discrimination from standard cases of disease. These distinctions are important for treatment decisions, and for understanding disease pathogenesis. We propose specific diagnostic criteria for Down syndrome–related subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome.
Le procéduralisme est-il bon pour le multiculturalisme ?
Authors: Guérard de Latour Sophie 
Published: August 2019

L’article porte sur les vertus de la conception procédurale de la justice pour justifier le multiculturalisme. Bien que le procéduralisme semble à première vue mal armé pour rendre l’égalité démocratique plus inclusive à l’égard des minorités ethnoculturelles, il a été défendu par des philosophes libéraux comme une méthode efficace pour fonder en principe les droits culturels. En analysant cette voie théorique et ses limites, et en suggérant plus particulièrement l’incapacité du « procéduralisme complet » d’Alan Patten à résoudre les difficultés de la « citoyenneté multiculturelle » de Will Kymlicka, l’article émet des doutes sur le caractère prometteur d’un multiculturalisme fondé sur le procéduralisme.
Analyse juridique de la liberté de religion dans les entreprises françaises : entre protection du pouvoir de l’employeur et défense de la volonté du salarié
Authors: Pailot Philippe , de Saint-Affrique Diane 
Published: August 2019

Dans un monde globalisé marqué par le multiculturalisme et le pluralisme confessionnel, la place du religieux cristallise les débats médiatiques, politiques, intellectuels et juridiques dans beaucoup de pays occidentaux. Sur fond de difficultés d’intégration professionnelle de personnes de confession musulmane et de discriminations religieuses au travail, la question du fait religieux s’est invitée dans les entreprises où les manifestations des convictions religieuses se sont diversifiées et complexifiées. L’analyse de ce phénomène social se caractérise par une diversité d’approches et d’angles de vue. Elle illustre tout à la fois la richesse, mais aussi la complexité des enjeux soulevés par les études du lien entre religion et management.Cet article vise à en proposer une lecture juridique souvent absente dans la littérature en sciences de gestion. Nous chercherons à montrer que la régulation juridique de l’expression des convictions religieuses dans l’entreprise procède d’un champ de tension en équilibre instable entre les normes de droit qui, d’une part, protègent les droits et libertés de religion des salariés et celles, d’autre part, limitent l’exercice du pouvoir de l’employeur. La logique juridique associée à la prise en considération du religieux procède ainsi de la recherche d’une conciliation entre ces deux blocs de droits et libertés. Cette combinaison se nourrit du caractère incertain et équivoque d’un cadre juridique dans lequel les arbitrages entre des prétentions juridiques contradictoires ne procèdent pas d’une application mécanique de règles abstraites et impersonnelles. En effet, il n’existe pas de limites précises et univoques à la manifestation des croyances et des convictions religieuses dans l’entreprise. Leur expression exige toujours des réponses équilibrées.
Organiser la reconnaissance des chercheurs dans les organisations et au-delà de leurs frontières
Authors: Picque-Kiraly Claire , Ottmann Jean-Yves 
Published: August 2019

Les organisations sont confrontées de manière croissante aux enjeux de reconnaissance au travail comme l’actualité française récente a pu le montrer. Les salariés s’attendent à être reconnus dans le cadre de leur activité professionnelle et les chercheurs, archétypes des professionnels du savoir, ne font pas exception. Étudier la reconnaissance des chercheurs semble d’autant plus nécessaire que de plus en plus de personnes s’engagent dans l’économie de la connaissance en général et que le métier de chercheur en particulier connait des évolutions qui tendent à modifier leur rapport au travail. Par ailleurs, le concept de reconnaissance au travail, pourtant facteur de motivation important, reste insuffisamment étudié ce qui limite la compréhension de ses enjeux et les réponses possibles aux attentes des salariés.Cette recherche propose de s’appuyer sur le concept de reconnaissance au travail afin de mieux comprendre les attentes des chercheurs en termes de reconnaissance et, conséquemment, d’identifier des leviers d’action possibles pour les organisations.Pour ce faire, cette recherche s’appuie sur les 50 entretiens conduits dans deux centres de recherche, l’un public et l’autre privé. L’analyse fondée sur le cadre conceptuel développé par Brun et Dugas (2005) a permis de mettre en évidence le fait que les sources de reconnaissance sont plurielles (manager, management, organisation, collègues, pairs) et complémentaires, tout en révélant qu’elles dépassent les frontières de l’organisation au sein de laquelle les chercheurs travaillent. Ces formes de reconnaissance diverses doivent prendre en compte le réel du travail des chercheurs. Un contexte organisationnel qui tient compte des spécificités du travail de recherche s’avère indispensable pour une meilleure reconnaissance des chercheurs. L’organisation de la reconnaissance au travail doit donc intégrer tant les formes de reconnaissance que les sources qui peuvent parfois dépasser les frontières des organisations.
Movement velocity can be used to estimate the relative load during the bench press and leg press exercises in older women
Authors: Marcos-Pardo Pablo Jorge , González-Hernández Jorge Miguel , García-Ramos Amador , López-Vivancos Abraham , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundMovement velocity has been proposed as an effective tool to prescribe the load during resistance training in young healthy adults. This study aimed to elucidate whether movement velocity could also be used to estimate the relative load (i.e., % of the one-repetition maximum (1RM)) in older women.MethodsA total of 22 older women (age = 68.2 ± 3.6 years, bench press 1RM = 22.3 ± 4.7 kg, leg press 1RM = 114.6 ± 15.9 kg) performed an incremental loading test during the free-weight bench press and the leg press exercises on two separate sessions. The mean velocity (MV) was collected with a linear position transducer.ResultsA strong linear relationship between MV and the relative load was observed for the bench press (%1RM = −130.4 MV + 119.3;r2= 0.827, standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 6.10%1RM,p< 0.001) and leg press exercises (%1RM = −158.3 MV + 131.4;r2= 0.913, SEE = 5.63%1RM,p< 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the bench press and leg press exercises for the MV attained against light-medium relative loads (≤70%1RM), while the MV associated with heavy loads (≥80%1RM) was significantly higher for the leg press.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the monitoring of MV could be useful to prescribe the loads during resistance training in older women. However, it should be noted that the MV associated with a given %1RM is significantly lower in older women compared to young healthy individuals.