bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color gradients reflect an inside-out growth in early-type galaxies of the cluster MACS J1206.2-0847
Authors: Marian V. , Ziegler B. , Kuchner U. , Verdugo M. 
Published: June 2018

Aims. Color gradients of galaxies are a powerful tool for resolving the variations of stellar populations within galaxies. We use this approach to explore the evolution of early-type galaxies in the core of the massive galaxy cluster MACS J1206.2-0847 at z = 0.44.
Methods. We used imaging data in 12 filters (covering a wavelength range from 400 to 1600 nm) from the Hubble Space Telescope provided by the CLASH survey, as well as additional spectral information from its follow-up program, CLASH-VLT. We performed multiwavelength optimized model fitting using Galapagos-2 from the MegaMorph project to measure their photometric parameters (total integrated magnitudes, effective radii re, and Sérsic indices n). We used them to derive color gradients for the colors g475 − I814, r625 − Y105, I814 − H160, and Y105 − H160 at radii ranging between 0.1 and 2re for 79 early-type cluster galaxies. From synthetic spectral models that use simple star formation recipes, we inferred ages and metallicities of the stellar population at different locations within each galaxy and characterized their influence on the radial color trends.
Results. Early-type galaxies show a substantial decrease in effective radii re with wavelength. We measure that galaxy sizes are ~25% smaller in the red H160 filter than in the blue r625 filter but maintain a constant (within 3σ) Sérsic index n with wavelength. We find negative color gradients in all colors with slopes ranging between −0.07 and −0.17 mag dex−1 and with no obvious dependence on total magnitude, stellar mass, or location inside the cluster core. We explain the observed radial trends of color gradients as a result of the ages and metallicities of the respective stellar populations. Red galaxy cores are typically ~3 Gyr older and more enriched in metals than the galaxy outskirts, which are of solar metallicity.
Conclusions. Our results support the predictions from hydrodynamical cosmological simulations, which describe a passive evolution combined with an inside-out-growth of early-type galaxies. In this scenario, galaxies assemble their stellar mass primarily in the outskirts through the accretion of mass-poor satellites and thus manifest the observed trends of color-, metallicity- and age gradients.
20 Jahre Viagra®
Authors: Sigusch Volkmar 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDas Potenzpräparat Viagra® der Firma Pfizer ist in diesen Monaten seit 20 Jahren auf dem Markt. Der Beitrag soll einen Überblick geben hinsichtlich der physiologischen und biochemischen Wirkungsweise des Präparates, der Verträglichkeit und Wirksamkeit sowie der Relevanz aus sexualsoziologischer Sicht. Die Fachliteratur wird kritisch durchgesehen einschließlich neuerer Ideen hinsichtlich andersartiger Potenzmittel. Nach Angaben von Pfizer, das bis Mitte 2013 mit dieser blauen Pille 24,8 Milliarden US-Dollar umgesetzt hat, sollen 65 Millionen Männer über drei Milliarden Viagra®-Pillen eingenommen haben. Die Wirksamkeit war abhängig von den persönlichen Umständen. Diese Potenzpille passte hinsichtlich der Prozesse der Dissoziation, Dispersion und Diversifikation im Zuge der neosexuellen Revolution in unserer armseligen Sexualkultur wie die Faust aufs Auge. Fehlende Liebesbeziehungen kann sie aber ebensowenig ersetzen wie gestörte Intimbeziehungen reparieren.
Sexualität lernen? Eine Annäherung aus der Perspektive Jugendlicher und pädagogischer Fachkräfte
Authors: Beck Mirja , Henningsen Anja 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Sexualität als eines der zentralen Lernfelder in der Jugend bedarf angesichts der damit verbundenen bedingungsreichen Entwicklungsaufgaben
besonderer pädagogischer Beachtung.
Forschungsziele: Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, unter Bezugnahme auf die transformatorische Bildungstheorie, sexuelle Lern- und Bildungsprozesse zu
definieren und sie in der Lebensphase Jugend exemplarisch darzustellen. Zudem ist zu klären, wie Sexualpädagog*innen das sexuelle Erfahrungslernen professionell
begleiten können.
Methoden: Zwei empirische Forschungsarbeiten bringen die Perspektiven der Jugendlichen und der Fachkräfte auf sexuelle Bildungsarbeit zusammen.
Biografisch-narrative Interviews illustrieren Sexualität als biografischen Lernprozess, indem mehr oder weniger transformierte Sicht- und Handlungsweisen
analysiert werden. Mittels einer schriftlichen Befragung unter sexualpädagogischen Expert*innen wurde deren Professionalitätsverständnis ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse liefern Einblicke in krisendurchwachsene sexuelle Bildungsbiografien und deren herausfordernde Komplexität für Jugendliche. Um
sexuelle Kompetenzen zu erlangen, fehlen vielfach anregende Impulse. Wer sexuelle Bildung professionell begleitet, muss zwingend über sexuelle Kompetenzen
verfügen. Die Verwobenheit von Sexualität mit Selbstreflexions-, Interaktions- und Sachkompetenz wird in der Expert*innenbefragung deutlich.
Schlussfolgerung: Im Zusammenschluss liefern diese Forschungsergebnisse einen konstruktiven Impuls, Sexualität und Partnerschaft in der Jugend als
hochindividuellen Lernprozess zu begreifen, der in pädagogischen Bildungssettings begleitet werden kann.
Free Platelet Count and Size Distribution During C1q Inhibition of Collagen-Induced Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Csako Gyorgy , Suba Eva A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryElectronic free platelet counting was more sensitive than turbidimetry to detect collagen-induced platelet activation in human platelet-rich plasma. Purified human Clq exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in turbidimetry than free platelet counting. Because the change from small to large platelet aggregates is responsible for the continuing increase in light transmission, Clq was likely more capable of blocking the formation of large platelet aggregates than the formation of small aggregates from single platelets. The iattr uf change by cullagcn in light tiansmissiun and fiec platelet count was reduced in the presence of Clq but the timing of the peak response remained the same. Electronic platelet sizing revealed that the volume of single platelets transiently increased during the turbidimetric “lag phase”. The mean, mode and median volume of the remaining free platelets then decreased, suggesting a selective loss of large, functionally more active platelets and/or platelet degranulation. Clq had no effect on the volume increment during the “lag phase”, but reduced the subsequent fall in the volume of free platelets.
A Simple Method for Analyzing Factor IX Activation in the Patients with Hemophilia B Variants
Authors: Yoshioka Akira , Sakai Toshiyuki , Yamamoto Kazukuni , Ohkubo Yoshiaki , Fukui Hiromu 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA simple method for analyzing the activation mechanism of FIX in patients with hemophilia B variants is described. The procedure consists of rapid partial purification of FIX by BaCl2 adsorption-elution from only 3 ml of plasma, incubation with FXIa/Ca2+, SDS-PAGE, western blotting and subsequent autoradiography using monoclonal anti-FIX antibody. Abnormal FIX from the plasma of 7 unrelated patients with hemophilia BR, B+ or BM was investigated. A time course study showed that FIX in the patient with hemophilia BM (Nagoya I), BM (Nagoya II) and B Kawachinagano seemed not to be cleaved by FXIa, FIX in the patient with hemophilia B Kashihara was partially cleaved, FIX in the patient with hemophilia BM (Takatsuki) showed delayed cleavage, and that FIX in the patient with hemophilia BM (Niigata) and BM (Kiryu) was cleaved completely at a rate similar to normal FIX. These findings were identical to those previously observed for the respective factors in a purified system. The procedure used here is useful for screening for a defective activation mechanism of abnormal FIX.
Platelet Deposition at Angioplasty Sites and Platelet Survival Time After PTA in lliac and Femoral Arteries: Investigations with Indium-111-Oxine Labelled Platelets in Patients with ASA (1.0 g/Day)-Therapy
Authors: Minar E , Ehringer H , Ahmadi R , Dudczak R , Porenta G 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this study we have assessed the deposition of 111-In-oxine-labelled platelets - using a dual radiotracer method - at angioplasty sites of the lower extremities in 20 patients (14 male, 6 female; median age: 60 years) with ASA (1.0 g/day)-therapy. The platelet survival time (PST) - using the multiple hit model -was evaluated before and after percutaneous transluminal angio-plasry, and we also measured the plasma levels of β-thrombo-globulin (β TG) and platelet fuetui 4 (PF 4) before and after PTA.Before PTA, scintigraphy was positive in only one patient, while 24 hours after PTA a positive scintigraphic result was observed in 16/20 patients. The median target/non target-ratio was 1.0 (0.66-1.3) before PTA, and this ratio increased significantly (p <0.0005) to 1.53 (1.0-3.3) after PTA.The median PST decreased significantly (185.0 hours before PTA → 145.2 hours after PTA; p <0.001), while the median platelet turnover increased from 34,000/μl/day to 47,900/μl/day(p<0.01).The median plasma levels of the platelet specific proteins increased significantly immediately after PTA (p <0.001), but one day later they were not significantly different from the pretreatment values.The quantitative methods used in this study seem a valuable tool to evaluate the effects of different therapeutical - especially antiplatelet - interventions after PTA in humans, thus helping to find the best antithrombotic regimen for this widely used therapeutical procedure.
Detection of Activation of the Contact System of Coagulation In Vitro and In Vivo: Quantitation of Activated Hageman Factor-C1-Inhibitor and Kallikrein-C1-Inhibitor Complexes by Specific Radioimmunoassays
Authors: Nuijens J H , Huijbregts C C M , Cohen M , Navis G O , de Vries A , Eerenberg A J M , Bakker J C , Hack C E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRadioimmunoassays (RIAs) for the detection of C1-inhihitor (C1-Inh) complexed to either kallikrein or activated Hageman factor (factor XIIa) are described. Kallikrein-C1-Inh or factor XIIa-C1-Inh complexes were bound to Scpharosc to which monospecific antibodies against (pre)kallikrein or factor XII, respectively, were coupled. Bound complexes were subsequently detected by an incubation with affinity purified 125I-labeled antibodies against Ci-Inh. These RIAs were used to detect activation of the contact system of coagulation in vitro and in vivo. Addition of dextran sulfate (DXS) (20 μg/ml) to fresh plasma resulted at 37° C in the rapid generation of amidolytic kallikrein activity, which was maximal after 1 to 2 min of incubation and subsequently decreased within a few minutes. The generation of kallikrein activity coincided with the appearance of both kallikrein-C1-Inh and factor XIIa-C1-Inh complexes. However, in contrast to kallikrein activity, both types of complexes remained detectable in the incubation mixtures during the incubation period. Experiments with purified kallikrein, C1-Inh and partly purified β-factor XIIa, and activation experiments in plasmas deficient in either factor XII or prekallikrein, demonstrated the specificity of both RIAs. The minimal amount of DXS that resulted in the generation of measurable amounts of both types of complexes in plasma was 2-3 μg per ml. Similar experiments with kaolin showed that with limiting amounts of activator (1-2 mg/ ml), only kallikrein-C1-Inh complexes were detected in plasma. When larger amounts of kaolin were added to plasma, factor XIIa-C1-Inh complexes were additionally detected in plasma. In plasma samples obtained from healthy donors under conditions that prevented activation of the contact system in vitro, very low levels of both factor XIIa-C1-Inh and kallikrein-C1-Inh complexes were measured, representing approximately 0.3% activation of both factor XII and prekallikrein. In serial plasma samples from a patient with adult respiratory distress syndrome, increased levels of both types of complexes were detected. The radioimmunoassays described in this paper provide useful tools to detect activation of the contact system in vitroas well as in vivo.
Adhesiveness of Blood Platelets in Uremia
Authors: Salzman E. W , Neri Lena L. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPlatelet adhesiveness, measured by an in vitro technique, has been found abnormal in 21 of 24 patients with chronic renal failure. This abnormality was strongly correlated with prolongation of the Ivy bleeding time, with abnormal prothrombin consumption, and with clinical bleeding.The possible pathogenesis of this defect is discussed.
Comparison of Caseinolytic and Fibrinolytic Assays for Plasmin (Fibrinolysin) in “Fibrinolytic Agents”
Authors: Moser K. M , Frey Mary Belle 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Caseinolytic and fibrinolytic systems for assay of plasmin in fibrinolytic agents are described which are based upon the determinations of AE/min during the linear portion of the casein-plasmin and fibrin-plasmin reaction curves respectively. A " caseinolytic-rate " unit and “fibrinolytic-rate " unit of ÄE/min × 103 during the linear portion of the respective curves are proposed.2. Data are presented indicating that a reliably linear relationship exists between plasmin concentration and these caseinolytic - and fibrinolytic-rate units.3. Data comparing results obtained with the proposed assay techniques and previously-used casein and fibrinolytic techniques are presented.4. Formulae by which caseinolytic-rate and fibrinolytic-rate units can be roughly converted into Remmert-Cohen type plasmin units are offered.5. The theoretical and practical problems which have influenced development of assays for fibrinolytic components are discussed.6. The advantages of the plasmin “rate unit” techniques vis a vis existing assays are delineated.7. The potential application of the techniques to measurements other than the plasmin content of fibrinolytic agents is discussed.
The Effect of Adrenaline Infusions on Blood Coagulation in Normal and Haemophilia B Dogs
Authors: Özge A.H , Rowsell H.C , Downie H.G , Mustard J.F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe addition of trace amounts of adrenaline to whole blood in plasma in vitro increased factor VIII, factor IX and whole plasma activity in the thromboplastin generation test. This was dose dependent.Adrenaline infusions less than 22 (μg/kg body weight in normal dogs accelerated clotting, increased factor IX, factor VIII and whole plasma activity in the thromboplastin generation test and caused a fall in blood pH. In a factor IX deficient dog, there was no increase in factor IX activity. After adrenaline infusions, however, the other changes occurred and were of the same order of magnitude as in the normal. Adrenaline in doses greater than 22 μg/kg body weight did not produce as great an effect on clotting in normal or factor IX deficient dogs. The platelet count in the peripheral blood was increased following the infusion of all doses of adrenaline. These observations suggest that the accelerating effect of adrenaline on clotting is not mediated through increase in activity of a specific clotting factor.
A Modified Two-Stage Assay Method for Tissue-Thromboplastin (TPLN)
Authors: Kale N. R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA two-stage method employing purified clotting factors for the assay of tissue-TPLN is described in detail. The rate of prothrombin activation is determined in the presence of optimum amounts of factors V, VII, X and Ca++. The activation of prothrombin is arrested by addition of EDTA or STI, and the thrombin formed is assayed by the clotting method. The method is rapid, sensitive, reproducible and can differentiate between the tissue-TPLN activity of intact lipo-protein and the procoagulant activity of the phospholipids.
The Clot-Promoting Effect of Adenosine-5’- Diphosphate (ADP). I. Mechanisms of Action
Authors: Pizzuto J , Giorgio A.J , Didisheim P 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. ADP accelerates blood coagulation by at least two mechanisms. One is by causing release of coagulant phospholipids from platelets. The other is by activation of a plasma coagulation factor whose action is early in thromboplastin generation.2. Possible mechanisms of ADP’s effect on blood coagulation are discussed.3. These findings suggest that ADP may play a more significant role in the mechanisms of hemostasis and in the pathophysiology of thrombosis than has heretofore been supposed.
The Use of the Fragiligraph for Analysis of Clot Fomation and Lysis
Authors: Rimon A , Danon D 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThese experiments demonstrate that the Fragiligraph may be used for those blood coagulation tests usually performed in a diagnostic haematological laboratory. The reproducibility of the tests and the individual variations in different human plasma have been determined. In thrombolytic therapy, where adequate control of the fibrinolytic level in the patient’s blood is requested, the importance of a fast and convenient method for its estimation, in view of individual variations of activity among patients and differences in reactivity to the treatment, cannot be over-emphasised.
Activation of Platelet Factor 3 by Adenosine 5’Diphosphate
Authors: Horowitz H. I , Papayoanou M. F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAdenosine 5’diphosphate activates platelet factor 3 of intact platelets in citrated, heparinized or native plasma. PF-3 activation is dependent on the dose of ADP, and is achieved with sufficient speed to suggest that it can play a physiological role in blood coagulation. ADP-induced platelet aggregation is inhibited by AMP (but not ATP), 2-chloro adenosine, phosphoenol pyruvate and phosphoenol pyruvate kinase, and diguanidinodiphenyl sulfone. Other agents which aggregate platelets induce PF-3 activation; the effects of norepinephrine, serotonin, low doses of trypsin and thrombin, and endotoxin in the human can be inhibited by AMP but the action of latex or celite particles cannot be fully inhibited by AMP. PF-3 activation requires higher ADP concentrations than does ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Guanidinosuccinic acid blocks the action of ADP on PF-3 activation without affecting its action on aggregation. ADP-induced PF-3 activation is unrelated to activation of factors XII and XI. Though PF-3 activation usually occurs in parallel with platelet aggregation the two actions of ADP of platelets may occur independently.
A Hitherto not Described Enzyme Defect in Thrombasthenia: Glutathionreductase Deficiency
Authors: Moser K , Lechner K , Vinazzer H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryTwo cases of thrombasthenia in the same family are described in which a deficiency of glutathionreductase and a reduction of reduced glutathion was found in the platelets, but no in the erythrocytes.
Observations on the Lysis of Artificial Thrombi by Urokinase
Authors: Ogston C. M , Ogston D , Fullerton H. W 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. The extent of lysis of artificial thrombi by urokinase is dependent on their fibrin content and on the plasminogen concentration of the plasma from which they are made.2. The lysis of thrombi in the presence of plasma increases with increasing concentrations of urokinase, but very high urokinase concentrations are inhibitory to thrombolysis.3. It is postulated that incomplete thrombolysis is due to insufficient plasmin formation within the thrombus, but that plasminogen-containing plasma can diffuse into a thrombus allowing lysis to continue until complete dissolution.
Urokinase Activation of Plasminogen and Spontaneous Inactivation of the Plasmin Formed
Authors: Berg W 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe kinetics of the activation of plasminogen into plasmin with urokinase and the inactivation rate of the plasmin formed are studied.As a first order reaction is obtained with low plasminogen concentrations and a zero-order reaction is obtained with high concentrations, the activation seems to follow the Michaelis-Menten’s law. The reaction does not go to completion, however. Different activity levels, which are dependent on the urokinase concentration, can be observed.The activation rate increases with temperature. A maximum can be seen at about 42° C.Between 4° C and 15° C, the inactivation of the plasmin formed is minimal, but it increases rapidly at higher temperatures. The inactivation follows approximately a first order reaction with respect to time. If the plasminogen concentration is low, the over-all reaction will be that of two consecutive first order reactions.
Theoretical Basis and Standardization of the One-Stage Lysis Time Method for Determination of Urokinase
Authors: Berg W , Korsan-Bengtsen K , Ygge J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe theroretical basis for the use of a one-stage lysis time method for determination of urokinase is outlined. The calculations are based on experiments with purified plasminogen, fibrinogen, and thrombin preparations.The following correlation between the lysis time and the urokinase, plasminogen, and fibrinogen concentrations was found :

This correlation is valid onyl for a certain range of plasminogen and urokinase concentrations. This validity has been verified experimentally.A method has been proposed for determination of urokinase in which the curve of the standard graph always is rectilinear and has the slope –0.5. The method is very sensitive and its accuracy is great.
Clottable Protein in Limulus: Its Localization and Kinetics of Its Coagulation by Endotoxin
Authors: Levin J , Bang F. B 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWhen blood is withdrawn from Limulus, the horseshoe crab, a cellular clot composed of amebocytes quickly forms. Amebocytes are the only type of cell in Limulus blood. During coagulation, Limulus amebocytes undergo morphological changes that are strikingly similar to those seen when mammalian platelets undergo aggregation and viscous metamorphosis. The clottable protein in Limulus blood is derived entirely from amebocytes, and gelation does not require extracellular factors. Cell free Limulus plasma is incoagulable. The cellular localization of clottable protein in Limulus blood provides a precedent for the presence of fibrinogen in mammalian platelets.The clottable protein in lysates of amebocytes has a spectral absorption pattern with a maximum at 270-275 mμ, appears to have a low sedimentation coefficient, is stable at –20° C for 1 week, and is destroyed by heating at 56° C for 30 min. The protein gels upon exposure to endotoxin; and the rate of gelation is related to the concentration of endotoxin but is independent of the concentration of protein in the range tested. The kinetics of this reaction are consistent with the concept that an enzymatic system mediates the conversion of the cellular protein into a gel by endotoxin. Increase in light scattering during the reaction detects as little as 0.004 μg of E. coli endotoxin/ml. This conversion will perhaps provide insight into one of the biological activities of endotoxins.
The Hypercoagulability in Mercury Chloride Intoxicated Dogs
Authors: Worowski K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryExperimental acute mercury chloride intoxication has been produced in the dog by subcutaneous injection of HgCl2 in a daily dose of 3 mg/kg of weight for 3 days. The following features of hypercoagulability of dog blood have been found: increase of fibrinogen level, increase of factors II and VII, shortening of the thrombin and prothrombin times, shortening of the thromboelastographic “r” and “k” values, increase of “ma” and “me” values, increase of platelet adhesiveness. On the other hand plastic clotting time was slightly prolonged.It has been postulated that hypercoagulability in the dog during mercury chloride intoxication is caused by the increase of inactive clotting factors. This may be connected with disturbances in the plasma protein balance in nephrosis.