bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diagnosis of a rare myrmecochorous species, Plagiorhegma dubium (Berberidaceae): Historical genetic bottlenecks and strong spatial structures among populations
Authors: Lee Soo‐Rang , Kim Bo‐Yun , Kim Young‐Dong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDistribution of genetic variation over time and space is relevant to demographic histories and tightly linked to ecological disturbances as well as evolutionary potential of an organism. Therefore, understanding the pattern of genetic diversity is a primary step in conservation and management projects for rare and threatened plant species. We used eight microsatellite markers to examine the level of genetic diversity, spatial structure, and demographic history of Plagiorhegma dubium, a rare myrmecochorous herb, populations sampled across northeast Asia and Siberia. We found low within‐population genetic variation associated with historical bottlenecks. Although pairwise FST values were not much higher than the ones found in similar life form species, STRUCTURE and PCoA revealed a clear broadscale spatial pattern of genetic structure. Bayesian clustering (best K = 6) and PCoA identified three populations that are distinctive from neighboring populations in the Korean peninsula, which suggests potential units for conservation and management plans in Korea. MIGRATE‐N and BAYESASS showed that both contemporary (0.003–0.045) and historical migration rates (2 × e−5−4.6 × e−4) were low. Our findings provide a good example, where genetic considerations should be integrated for conservation and management plans of rare and threatened species.
Predators modify the temperature dependence of life‐history trade‐offs
Authors: Luhring Thomas M. , Vavra Janna M. , Cressler Clayton E. , DeLong John P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough life histories are shaped by temperature and predation, their joint influence on the interdependence of life‐history traits is poorly understood. Shifts in one life‐history trait often necessitate shifts in another—structured in some cases by trade‐offs—leading to differing life‐history strategies among environments. The offspring size–number trade‐off connects three traits whereby a constant reproductive allocation (R) constrains how the number (O) and size (S) of offspring change. Increasing temperature and size‐independent predation decrease size at and time to reproduction which can lower R through reduced time for resource accrual or size‐constrained fecundity. We investigated how O, S, and R in a clonal population of Daphnia magna change across their first three clutches with temperature and size‐independent predation risk. Early in ontogeny, increased temperature moved O and S along a trade‐off curve (constant R) toward fewer larger offspring. Later in ontogeny, increased temperature reduced R in the no‐predator treatment through disproportionate decreases in O relative to S. In the predation treatment, R likewise decreased at warmer temperatures but to a lesser degree and more readily traded off S for O whereby the third clutch showed a constant allocation strategy of O versus S with decreasing R. Ontogenetic shifts in S and O rotated in a counterclockwise fashion as temperature increased and more drastically under risk of predation. These results show that predation risk can alter the temperature dependence of traits and their interactions through trade‐offs.
Altered gut microbiota and microbial biomarkers associated with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Lun Hengzhong , Yang Weihua , Zhao Shuping , Jiang Meijie , Xu Mingjie , Liu Fenfen , Wang Yunshan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the differences in gut microbiota between patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and healthy controls (HC) and search for better microbial biomarkers associated with CKD. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach was used to investigate the differences in gut microbiota between the CKD and HC groups. The study found that 12 phylotypes were overrepresented in the CKD group and 19 in the HC group at the genus level. Furthermore, genera Lachnospira and Ruminococcus_gnavus performed the best in differentiating between HC and CKD populations. In addition, this novel study found that the genera Holdemanella, Megamonas, Prevotella 2, Dielma, and Scardovia were associated with the progression of CKD and hemodialysis. In conclusion, the composition of gut microbiota was different in CKD populations compared with healthy populations, and Lachnospira and R._gnavus were better microbial biomarkers. In addition, five phylotypes, including Holdemanella, Megamonas, Prevotella2, Dielma, and Scardovia, served as an indicator of the progression of CKD and hemodialysis. However, large‐scale prospective studies should be performed to identify the reliability of the set of these phylotypes as biomarkers.
Effect of a Probiotic Preparation on Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mahmoodpoor Ata , Hamishehkar Hadi , Asghari Roghaieh , Abri Ramin , Shadvar Kamran , Sanaie Sarvin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundVentilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) occurs as a life‐threatening complication in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. Probiotic administration may modify the gut microbiota; however, whether this modification could decrease VAP occurrence is not known.MethodsIn this study, 100 adult critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for >48 hours were randomly assigned to either the probiotic or the control group. The patients in the probiotic group received 2 capsules of probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus spp., and those in the control group received placebo daily for 14 days.ResultsThe patients in the probiotic group had a lower incidence
of statistically microbiologically confirmed VAP. The duration of intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay was also lower in the probiotic group (P < .05). More than half of the patients in the control group had gastric residuals during ICU stay, compared with only 30% of patients in the probiotic group (P = .004). Probiotic usage led to a nonsignificant decrease in diarrhea, gastric and oropharyngeal colonization, and incidence of multidrug‐resistant pathogens. The Kaplan‐Meier survival curves for time to the first episode of VAP did not show a significant difference between probiotic and control groups (log‐rank test = 1.89; P = .17).ConclusionsThe results of probiotic administration for the prevention of VAP remain inconclusive in this trial. However, such an approach can decrease the length of ICU and hospital stay. Well‐designed multicenter clinical studies with defined combinations of probiotics and definite end points are necessary in this field.
Impact of the Indiana Choice Scholarship Program: Achievement Effects for Students in Upper Elementary and Middle School
Authors: Waddington R. Joseph , Berends Mark 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the Indiana Choice Scholarship Program on student achievement for low‐income students in upper elementary and middle school who used a voucher to transfer from public to private schools during the first four years of the program. We analyzed student‐level longitudinal data from public and private schools taking the same statewide standardized assessment. Overall, voucher students experienced an average achievement loss of 0.15 SDs in mathematics during their first year of attending a private school compared with matched students who remained in a public school. This loss persisted regardless of the length of time spent in a private school. In English/Language Arts, we did not observe statistically meaningful effects. Although school vouchers aim to provide greater educational opportunities for students, the goal of improving the academic performance of low‐income students who use a voucher to move to a private school has not yet been realized in Indiana.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry, DFT Calculations, Antimicrobial Properties and X‐ray Crystal Structures of Some NH‐ and/or S‐ Substituted‐1,4‐quinones
Authors: Kacmaz Aysecik , Acar Elif Turker , Atun Gulten , Kaya Kerem , Sigirci Belgi Diren , Bagcigil Funda 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe NH‐, NH‐,S‐ substituted‐1,4‐naphthoquinones and NH‐, S‐ substituted‐1,4‐benzoquinones have been synthesized from the reaction between quinones (2,3‐Dibromo‐1,4‐naphthoquinone or p‐benzoquinone) and different amines. The structures of the compounds have been confirmed using FTIR, UV‐Vis, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, mass MS(ESI) spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The ground state energies of the molecules have been estimated using B3LYP functional with different basis sets based on time dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT). The theoretical ΔEgap values obtained from TD‐DFT calculations have been compared with UV visible spectroscopy results. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the synthesized compounds have been evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, respectively. Two representative crystal structures of quinone derivatives, 2‐(4‐Fluorophenylamino)‐3‐bromonaphthalene‐1,4‐dione and 2‐(3,5‐Dimethylphenylthio)cyclohexa‐2,5‐diene‐1,4‐dione, are reported with CCDC 1811265 and CCDC 1811263, respectively.
Elliptic symbol calculus: from elliptic polylogarithms to iterated integrals of Eisenstein series
Authors: Broedel Johannes , Duhr Claude , Dulat Falko , Penante Brenda , Tancredi Lorenzo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present a generalization of the symbol calculus from ordinary multiple polylogarithms to their elliptic counterparts. Our formalism is based on a special case of a coaction on large classes of periods that is applied in particular to elliptic polylogarithms and iterated integrals of modular forms. We illustrate how to use our formalism to derive relations among elliptic polylogarithms, in complete analogy with the non-elliptic case. We then analyze the symbol alphabet of elliptic polylogarithms evaluated at rational points, and we observe that it is given by Eisenstein series for a certain congruence subgroup. We apply our formalism to hypergeometric functions that can be expressed in terms of elliptic polylogarithms and show that they can equally be written in terms of iterated integrals of Eisenstein series. Finally, we present the symbol of the equal-mass sunrise integral in two space-time dimensions. The symbol alphabet involves Eisenstein series of level six and weight three, and we can easily integrate the symbol in terms of iterated integrals of Eisenstein series.
Effects of Genetic Counselor Self‐Disclosure: an Experimental Analog Study
Authors: Volz Brianna , Valverde Kathleen D. , Robbins Steven J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe complex nature of self‐disclosure poses challenges for genetic counselors in clinical practice. We examined the impact of genetic counselor self‐disclosure on observer perceptions of the counselor. In an online analog study, 123 participants watched a 3‐minute video of a simulated genetic counseling session. For half the participants, the video showed the counselor disclosing that she had a family medical history similar to the patient (direct personal disclosure). For half the participants, the counselor revealed her experience with other patients (direct professional disclosure). Half the participants in each video condition read that the patient had discovered personal information about the counselor during a pre‐session web search (indirect personal disclosure); half read that the patient learned of the counselor's FAQ webpage for prospective patients (indirect professional disclosure). Participants in the direct personal disclosure conditions gave higher ratings to the counseling relationship on an abbreviated version of the Barrett‐Lennard Relationship Inventory and rated themselves more likely to see the counselor compared to those in the direct professional disclosure conditions. The content of the indirect disclosure conditions (personal or professional) had no effect. Brief, direct, verbal disclosure of session‐relevant personal information by a genetic counselor appears to enhance the counselor‐patient relationship and increase the likelihood of patients returning to the counselor.
Best Practices in Social and Behavioral Research: A multisite pilot evaluation of the good clinical practice online training course
Authors: Murphy Susan L. , Samuels Elias M. , Kolb H. Robert , Behar-Horenstein Linda S. , Champagne Ellen , Byks-Jazayeri Christine , Hahn Jordan , Roth Mary-Tara , Ennever Fanny , Bajwa Wajeeh , Singh Meher , Homish Gregory G. , Dubocovich Margarita L. 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionThe Best Practices in Social and Behavioral Research Course was developed to provide instruction on good clinical practice for social and behavioral trials. This study evaluated the new course.MethodsParticipants across 4 universities took the course (n=294) and were sent surveys following course completion and 2 months later. Outcomes included relevance, how engaging the course was, and working differently because of the course. Open-ended questions were posed to understand how work was impacted.ResultsParticipants rated the course as relevant and engaging (6.4 and 5.8/7 points) and reported working differently (4.7/7 points). Participants with less experience in social and behavioral trials were most likely to report working differently 2 months later.DiscussionThe course was perceived as relevant and engaging. Participants described actions taken to improve rigor in implementing trials. Future studies with a larger sample and additional participating sites are recommended.
Lessons learned from developing and sustaining a community-research collaborative through translational research
Authors: LeClair Amy , Lim Jean J. , Rubin Carolyn 
Published: August 2018

IntroductionThe goal of this project was to document the current state of a community-academic partnership, identifying early successes and lessons learned.MethodsWe employed qualitative methods, semi-structured interviews and document analysis, from 2 data sources to (1) show how the principles of community-based participatory research are enacted through the activities of Addressing Disparities in Asian Populations through Translational Research (ADAPT) and (2) elucidate the barriers and facilitators to adhering to those principles from the perspectives of the members themselves.ResultsIn addition to established community-based participatory research values, understanding individuals’ motivations for participation, the challenges aligning the priorities of community organizations and academic partners, and definitions of success are themes that emerged as key to the process of maintaining this partnership.ConclusionAs the emphasis on community-academic partnerships grows, there is potential for clinical and translational science awards to use community engagement to facilitate translational research beyond the traditional medical spheres of influence and to forge relationships with affected communities.
Insight Into Health Care Services: A Characterization of Emergency Room Visits and Economic Hazards in the United States
Authors: Hamadi Hanadi , Apatu Emma , Osagiede Osayande , Spaulding Aaron 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study explores the impact of economic hazard areas on hospital-based emergency departments to determine whether economically hazardous environments, characterized by the change of population, income per capita, and unemployment rate, experience a higher number of emergency room visits than areas of lower rated economic hazard risk in the United States.MethodA cross-sectional design was used of a nationally constructed data set of hospital-based emergency departments of over 6,000 hospitals in the United States. We identified our quality outcome measure as the emergency room visits rate within a hospital service area. We created the variable by dividing the number of emergency room visits by the population of the hospital services area in which the emergency room was located.ResultsResults indicate that there is a difference in the incident rate ratio of emergency room visits between environments considered to be experiencing greater amounts of hazard, compared to lower amounts of hazard.ConclusionHospital administrators and health policy-makers need to work in conjunction to focus efforts on public safety as a key objective in the delivery of emergency medical care. One crucial effort that hospital administrators need to focus on is improving emergency room capacity and efficiency as part of the disaster preparedness plan (Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2019;13:470-475)
A Day in the Life: Aryanization Before the Swedish Supreme Court 1941–42
Authors: Wallerman Anna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article examines the jurisprudence of the Swedish Supreme Court during WW2 in disputes between exiled Jewish business owners and the Nazi-appointed administrators of their companies over the rights to the enterprises’ assets in Sweden. Contrary to assertions in previous scholarship, this article argues that the judgments of the Supreme Court were dictated neither by moral indignation in the face of the treatment of Jews in the Third Reich, nor by political considerations in a time of war. Instead, they were based on principles of private international law that predated, and outlived, the Third Reich. The outcome of the cases hinged upon whether the claim to Swedish assets arose before or after the date when the enterprise was placed under forced administration. If before, the claims of the Jewish owners were in principle successful; if after, they were not. This reasoning was well in line with both previous and subsequent case law on confiscations effected abroad. The article therefore concludes that the Swedish Supreme Court's judgments on Jewish assets in Sweden should be viewed not as outflows of extrajudicial considerations, but rather as failures to recognize political or ethical responsibility.
Pathways between food insecurity and glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Walker Rebekah J , Williams Joni Strom , Egede Leonard E 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveFood insecurity is reported in approximately 28 % of individuals with diabetes in the USA and is associated with poor glycaemic and lipid control. The present study aimed to understand the direct and indirect pathways through which food insecurity impacts glycaemic control in individuals with diabetes.Design/Setting/SubjectsAdults (n 615) with type 2 diabetes completed validated questionnaires after recruitment from two primary care clinics. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate mechanisms through which food insecurity influences diabetes self-care behaviours and glycaemic control, including investigation into possible direct and indirect effects of perceived stress and social support.ResultsThe final model showed that higher food insecurity was directly significantly related to increased stress (r=0·14, P<0·001) and increased glycosylated Hb (r=0·66, P=0·03). Higher stress was significantly related to poorer self-care (r=−0·54, P<0·001) and lower social support (r=−0·41, P<0·001). There was no significant direct association between food insecurity and self-care, or between perceived stress and glycaemic control.ConclusionsFood insecurity had both a direct effect on glycaemic control and an indirect effect on self-care through stress. The indirect pathway suggests that efforts to address stress may influence the ability of individuals to perform diabetes self-care behaviours. The direct effect on glycaemic control suggests that pathways independent of self-care behaviours may also be necessary to improve diabetes outcomes. Results from the study suggest a multipronged approach is necessary to address food insecurity in individuals with diabetes.
U.S. Households' Perception of Drinking Water as Unsafe and its Consequences: Examining Alternative Choices to the Tap
Authors: Javidi Ariana , Pierce Gregory 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing 2015 American Housing Survey data, this study generates the first national estimates of the use of drinking water alternatives among households who perceive their tap water to be unsafe. Multivariate regression models examine factors influencing both perception of tap water and the choice of tap alternatives. We find that minority households more commonly perceive their tap water to be unsafe and choose bottled water when they perceive the tap as unsafe. While perception of unsafe tap water is most prevalent among Hispanic households, among the population perceiving their tap to be unsafe, Black households more commonly buy bottled water. We estimate the minimum annual expenditure by all U.S. households who perceive the tap as unsafe and buy bottled water to meet necessary consumption standards at $5.65 billion annually. Novel secondary treatment interventions and education campaigns are needed to address the perception of tap water as unsafe and consequent alternative source reliance, while additional research is needed to document the active trade‐offs households make to manage their water sources, and to better understand determinants of the perception of tap water as unsafe within minority groups.
Variability of the Iceland‐Scotland Overflow Water Transport Through the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone: Results From an Eddying Simulation and Observations
Authors: Xu Xiaobiao , Bower Amy , Furey Heather , Chassignet Eric P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObservations show that the westward transport of the Iceland‐Scotland overflow water (ISOW) through the Charlie‐Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ) is highly variable. This study examines (a) where this variability comes from and (b) how it is related to the variability of ISOW transport at upstream locations in the Iceland Basin and other ISOW flow pathways. The analyses are based on a 35‐year 1/12° eddying Atlantic simulation that represents well the main features of the observed ISOW in the area of interest, in particular, the transport variability through the CGFZ. The results show that (a) the variability of the ISOW transport is closely correlated with that of the barotropic transports in the CGFZ associated with the meridional displacement of the North Atlantic Current front and is possibly induced by fluctuations of large‐scale zonal wind stress in the Western European Basin east of the CGFZ; (b) the variability of the ISOW transport is increased by a factor of 3 from the northern part of the Iceland Basin to the CGFZ region and transport time series at these two locations are not correlated, further suggesting that the variability at the CGFZ does not come from the upstream source; and (c) the variability of the ISOW transport at the CGFZ is strongly anticorrelated to that of the southward ISOW transport along the eastern flank of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, suggesting an out‐of‐phase covarying transport between these two ISOW pathways.