bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Lipid Profile, Hepatic and Renal Antioxidant Activities, and Markers of Hepatic and Renal Dysfunctions in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats by Virgin Coconut Oil
Authors: Eleazu Chinedum , Ekeleme Chima E. , Famurewa Ademola , Mohamed Mahaneem , Akunna Gabriel , David Ebuka , Nwofe Boniface , Chukwu Favour , Precious Amakor , Ayogu Charles , Onuoha Wisdom , Olamide Nwaeze , Achi Ngozi , Emelike Uche 
Published: January 2019

Background:Research studies that holistically investigated the effect of administration of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) on diabetic humans or animals are limited in literature.Objective:To investigate the effect of administration of VCO on lipid profile, markers of hepatic and renal dysfunction, and hepatic and renal antioxidant activities of alloxan induced diabetic rats.Methods:Twenty-four male albino rats were used, and they were divided into four groups of six rats each. Group 1 (Normal Control, NC) received distilled water (1 mL/kg); Group 2 (VCO Control) received VCO (5 mL/kg); Group 3 (Diabetic Control, DC) received distilled water (1 mL/kg); Group 4 (Test Group, TG) received 5 ml/kg of VCO.Results:There were no significant differences in blood glucose, body weights, relative liver weights, relative kidney weights, hepatic and renal Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities, Malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, aspartate Amino Transaminase (AST), alanine Amino Transaminase (ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, Very Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) concentrations; significant increases in renal Glutathione (GSH), hepatic catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and GSH but significant reduction in renal GPx and catalase activities of VCO control group compared with NC group. There were significant increases in blood glucose, relative liver and kidney weights, hepatic GPx, hepatic and renal MDA concentration, ALP, AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL concentrations; and significant decreases in body weight, hepatic SOD and GSH activities and albumin concentration but no significant difference in hepatic catalase activity of DC group compared with NC group. Administration of VCO to diabetic rats positively modulated these parameters compared with the diabetic control.Conclusion:The study showed the potentials of VCO in the management of hyperlipidemia, renal and hepatic dysfunctions imposed by hyperglycemia and by oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
Proyecto para el diseño curricular del plan de estudios de la licenciatura en enfermería
Authors: Zarza Arizmendi Dolores , Zarate Grajales Rosa A. , Alatorre Wynter Edda , Pérez Rodríguez Ma. Teresa , Sacristán Ruiz Federico , Pacheco Arce Ana Laura , Cárdenas Jiménez Margarita , Jiménez Mendoza Araceli , Sosa Pilar , Hernández Falcón Julio , Rodríguez Jiménez Sofía , Castillo Rivera Cándida 
Published: January 2019

El plan de estudios de la ENEO fue aprobado en marzo de 1992 y pretendía responder a las necesidades y los problemas de salud que afectan a la sociedad mexicana a través de una propuesta curricular organizada por aéreas de conocimiento. En el año 1999, la ENEO preocupada por los resultados de la evaluación interna y externa realizada en 1997, se da a la tarea de la actualización del plan de estudios de la Licenciatura en Enfermería. Como respuesta, en el año 2000 se concluyó la actualización curricular aunque aún persisten problemas académicos no resueltos por factores estructurales y por las cambiantes necesidades educativas, sociales y de la salud del país.
Derivado de lo anterior el 1° de marzo del 2004 se instala formalmente una Comisión que tiene como principal objetivo, revisar las tareas pendientes de los trabajos anteriores para el análisis curricular y la posible reestructuración del plan de estudios.
Visit-to-Visit Glycemic Variability and Risks of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: The ALLHAT Study
Authors: Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Zhao Songzhu , Brock Guy , Matsouaka Roland A. , Kline David , Joseph Joshua J. 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVE
The prognostic value of long-term glycemic variability is incompletely understood. We evaluated the influence of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of fasting blood glucose (FBG) on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a prospective cohort analysis including 4,982 participants in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) who attended the baseline, 24-month, and 48-month visits. VVV of FBG was defined as the SD or variability independent of the mean (VIM) across FBG measurements obtained at the three visits. Participants free of CVD during the first 48 months of the study were followed for incident CVD (coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and heart failure [HF]) and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
Over a median follow-up of 5 years, there were 305 CVD events (189 CHD, 45 stroke, and 81 HF) and 154 deaths. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) comparing participants in the highest versus lowest quartile of SD of FBG (≥26.4 vs. &lt;5.5 mg/dL) was 1.43 (95% CI 0.93–2.19) for CVD and 2.22 (95% CI 1.22–4.04) for all-cause mortality. HR for VIM was 1.17 (95% CI 0.84–1.62) for CVD and 1.89 (95% CI 1.21–2.93) for all-cause mortality. Among individuals without diabetes, the highest quartile of SD of FBG (HR 2.67 [95% CI 0.14–6.25]) or VIM (HR 2.50 [95% CI 1.40–4.46]) conferred a higher risk of death.

CONCLUSIONS
Greater VVV of FBG is associated with increased mortality risk. Our data highlight the importance of achieving normal and consistent glycemic levels for improving clinical outcomes.
IGENDA protocol: gender differences in awareness, knowledge and perception of cardiovascular risk: An Italian multicenter study
Authors: Maffei Silvia , Cugusi Lucia , Meloni Antonella , Deidda Martino , Colasante Emanuela , Marchioli Roberto , Surico Nicola , Mercuro Giuseppe 
Published: January 2019

Aims
Recent reports evidenced gender differences in the knowledge, perception and awareness of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Despite the number of high-quality trials that attempted to establish the efficacy of different preventive interventions on CVDs, in the Italian scenario the differences by gender in awareness, knowledge and perception of CVD have not been addressed yet. So, the aims of this cross-sectional, observational and multicenter study will be to evaluate the gender differences in the awareness and perception of CVD risk, to assess the knowledge of CVD symptoms and preventive behaviors/barriers in men and women participating in this study, and to provide a national primary care approach for gender-oriented cardiovascular prevention strategies and therapy.

Methods
A self-administered questionnaire will be completed by 5000 consecutive Italian women and men aged 18–70 years. Moreover, a health questionnaire will be completed by the physicians.

Results
The present study will be the largest to be conducted in Italy, and probably in the European countries, to comprehensively demonstrate the current level of the knowledge, awareness and perception of CVRFs and CVD in both men and women.

Conclusion
The present project could shed new light on the knowledge, awareness and perception of CVRFs and CVDs. If substantial differences will be detected by gender, the findings of this study may contribute to ultimately provide a new gender-oriented primary care approach inside the Italian healthcare system related to cardiovascular prevention and therapy strategies.
Dinesh Bhugra: a personal history of Psychiatry
Authors: Bhugra Dinesh 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the past 40 years, the practice of psychiatry has changed dramatically from asylums to community care to personalized home-based treatments. The personal history of working in various settings and changing NHS indicates that an ability to change one’s clinical practice is a critical skill. Being a migrant and an International Medical Graduate brings with it certain specific challenges. Personal histories provide a very specific account that is inherently incomplete and perhaps biased, but personal accounts also give history a tinge that academic accounts cannot. In this account, changes in the NHS have been discussed with regards to changes in clinical care of patients with psychiatric disorders as well as research and training.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS AO TRATAMENTO QUIMIOTERÁPICO
Authors: Monteiro Cinara Regina Aragão Vieira , Sousa Taise Karine Cutrim 
Published: January 2019

Introdução: O câncer é uma patologia caracterizada pela mutação genética no DNA da célula e proliferação desordenada. Entre as modalidades terapêuticas das neoplasias, a quimioterapia possui vasta utilização, porém, o tratamento com as drogas antineoplásicas pode apresentar várias alterações afetando a qualidade de vida do paciente oncológico. Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos ao tratamento quimioterápico. Materiais e métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário em 76 pacientes, atendidos em um hospital de referência oncológica, que contemplou dados clínicos e sociodemográficos e o SF-36 para avaliação da qualidade de vida. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética da Universidade Ceuma. Os dados foram avaliados pelo programa NCSS 11 (2016) e o teste de qui-quadrado de independência (c2). Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 52,6% de pacientes do sexo feminino, o grupo etário mais acometido foi de 50 a 59 anos (34,2%), prevalência da raça branca (40,8%). Os domínios de qualidade de vida que apresentaram menores escores foram limitação por aspectos físicos (78,9%) e emocionais (98,7%). Conclusão: Os efeitos colaterais após a quimioterapia tiveram grande influência na qualidade de vida dos pacientes evidenciando a importância da reabilitação globalizada dos pacientes, durante todo o período de tratamento quimioterápico. Palavras-chave: câncer; quimioterapia; qualidade de vida.
Comparative study of pseudotachylite microstructures in felsic and mafic rocks from the Vredefort impact structure, South Africa. Implications for the experimental studies
Authors: Kovaleva E. , Huber M.S. , Fourie F. , Pittarello L. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
While the formation of tectonic PTs is widely accepted as related to friction melting for all rock types, the mechanism of formation of impact-related pseudotachylites (PTs) is strongly debated. Moreover, the influence of the target lithology on the initial impact PT formation, development and deformation has not been considered in detail, even though impact PTs in the Vredefort structure are found in various lithologies.
Here, we investigate PTs that occur in felsic (granite) and mafic (dolerite) rocks that are in contact with one another in the core of the Vredefort impact structure. In this unique outcrop, multiple granitic clasts are observed inside the PTs hosted by dolerite, which indicates material exchange between PTs in the two lithologies, pointing to simultaneous shock deformation in the adjacent rock phases. This outcrop thus provides an unusual opportunity for studying the effect of host lithology on the formation and deformation of PT.
Our investigations demonstrate that microstructures and textures in PTs and their chemical composition largely depend on the host rock, suggesting particular rheological syn- and post-formation behaviour of the melt veins of different composition. In granite, melt initiates due to preferential decomposition of mafic and hydrous minerals, and subsequent ductile deformation of quartz and feldspars. In dolerite, melt initiates as a result of comminution of the bulk rock. Due to the different mineral composition of rocks, and corresponding various fracture toughness of different minerals, granitic PTs contain abundant monomineralic clasts composed of more refractory phases, most often quartz, while PT veins in dolerite contain fewer, usually lithic clasts, representing fragments of the host rock. PTs in granite are chemically zoned, which has not been observed for PTs in dolerite. In felsic rocks, PTs are often framed by an ultramylonite and are associated with post-shock ductile features, such as sigmoidal-shaped clasts and dragged edges of the veins, whereas in mafic rocks, PTs are found to be associated with brittle features only, such as (ultra)cataclasites and micro-faults. These differences in initiation and development of PTs based on rock type are consistent with previous experimental studies and must be considered when discussing the formation mechanisms of impact-generated PTs.
Maintaining Lumbar Spine Stability: A Study of the Specific and Combined Effects of Abdominal Activation and Lumbosacral Orthosis on Lumbar Intrinsic Stiffness
Authors: Larivière Christian , Boucher Jean-Alexandre , Mecheri Hakim , Ludvig Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Background Two potential interventions for enhancing lumbar stability are to actively increase abdominal muscle activity, either through the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) or bracing, and passively increase lumbar stiffness using a lumbosacral orthosis (LSO). Objective To compare the increase in lumbar stiffness after 2 active interventions (ADIM versus bracing) and 1 passive intervention (LSO), and to evaluate the combined effect of active (abdominal bracing) and passive interventions. Methods In this experimental and comparative study, lumbar stiffness, a surrogate measure of lumbar stability, was estimated in 25 healthy individuals during 7 trunk perturbation conditions: (1) control, (2) ADIM, (3) bracing at 5% of right external oblique maximal voluntary activation (5% bracing), (4) bracing at 10% of right external oblique maximal voluntary activation (10% bracing), (5) LSO, (6) LSO plus 5% bracing, and (7) LSO plus 10% bracing. Electromyographic biofeedback of the external oblique was provided on a monitor, while ultrasound was used for the ADIM to ensure a sustained contraction of the transversus abdominis. Results The ADIM, 5% bracing, and 10% bracing active interventions generated comparable lumbar stiffness. However, considering that bracing can range from 10% to 20%, it may be superior to hollowing, as further estimated with a mixed-effect statistical model. Combining bracing and an LSO resulted in an additive effect on lumbar stiffness. Conclusion Bracing and ADIM produced comparable lumbar stiffness, as they were performed at the same overall abdominal activation levels (5% and 10% maximal voluntary activation). The independent effects of bracing and LSO raises the possibility of combining these interventions in some circumstances. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2019;49(4):262–271. Epub 18 Jan 2019. doi:10.2519/jospt.2019.8565
An Assessment on Sovereign Wealth Funds in the Context of Turkiye Wealth Fund
Authors: ODABAŞ Yunus , EREN Ahmet Arif 
Published: January 2019

Devletin
ekonomik gerekçesi uzun yıllardır tartışılan bir konudur. Bu konuda birçok
farklı fikir bulunmaktadır. Bazı iktisatçılar tarafından devlet müdahalesinin
gerekli olduğu, bazı iktisatçılar için ise gerekli olmadığı görüşü
savunulmuştur. Tam bu noktada varlık fonları ile bu konuyu ilişkilendirmek
yanlış olmaz. Varlık fonları devletin ekonomideki yatırım araçlarından biridir.

Varlık
fonları genel olarak ödemeler dengesi
fazlalarından, resmi döviz kuru işlemlerinden, özelleştirme gelirlerinden,
devletin transfer ödemelerinden, mali fazlalardan ve doğal kaynak ihracı
sonucunda elde edilen hasılat ile kurulan devlet mülkiyetindeki bir yatırım
aracıdır. Bu bağlamdan hareketle varlık
fonlarının tarihsel süreç içerisindeki yeri, küresel ekonomideki konumu,
dünyadaki varlık fonu uygulamaları örnekleri ve son olarak da Türkiye Varlık
Fonu hakkında bir inceleme yapılıp dünyadaki diğer örneklerle bir karşılaştırma
yapılacaktır.
PEMBERDAYAAN IBU-IBU KELOMPOK BAROKAH TANI DI KAMPUNG CIPONDOH RW 20 DESA KERTAJASA KECAMATAN PADALARANG EMPOWERING HOUSEWIVES OF BAROKAH TANI GROUP IN CCIPONDOH VILLAGE OF RW 20, KERTAJASA, DISICTRIC OF PADALARANG
Authors: Renosori Puti , Achiraeniwati Eri , Selamat Selamat 
Published: January 2019

Tingkat Target utama dari kegiatan PKM adalah Meningkatkan ketrampilan ibu-ibu dalam membuat olahan singkong menjadi berbagai kue/makanan yang mempunyai nilai tambah yang lebih tinggi. Dipilihnya singkong sebagai bahan dasar kue/kuliner, karena pertanian di Kampung Cipondoh menghasilkan singkong yang melimpah. Saat ini Singkong sebagian besar di jual mentah dengan harga yang relatif murah ke pengumpul, sebagian singkong sudah diolah menjadi makanan tradisional seperti kripik singkong dan opak singkong dll. Untuk mencapai target diatas maka kegiatan yang telah dilaksanakan ialah: pengadaan mesin dan peralatan yang dibutuhkan, pelatihan administrasi keuangan sederhana, wirausaha pemasaran dan peningkatan ketrampilan pengolahan kue berbahan dasar singkong. Peningkatan keterampilan dilakukan dengan cara praktek langsung membuat kue/makanan. Selain mempunyai rasa yang enak olahan singkong diupayakan lebih menarik, kreatif, halal dan thayyib (baik untuk kesehatan tubuh). Selanjutnya pendampingan dan monitoring kegiatan diarahkan pada diskusi untuk mengatasi kendala-kendala di lapangan dan rencana pengembangan kuliner yang akan dikembangkan. Melalui kegiatan PKM dapat meningkatkan diversifikasi pangan, meningkatkan motivasi dan kreativitas ibu-ibu kelompok tani:”Barokah Tani” dan dapat menjadi peluang usaha yang dapat meningkatkan perekonomi keluarga
KINERJA PEMERIKSAAN HIV PADA LAYANAN KONSELING DAN TES HIV PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA: ANALISIS HASIL PEMANTAPAN MUTU EKSTERNAL IMUNOLOGI TAHUN 2016
Authors: Kurniawati Eva Dian , Ayuningtyas Dumilah 
Published: January 2019

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) sampai saat ini masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di dunia, pun di Indonesia. Salah satu strategi pengendalian HIV/AIDS adalah perluasan skrining. Di Indonesia, Rapid diagnostic Test (RDT) menjadi alat pemeriksaan laboratorium yang banyak digunakan untuk skrining dan diagnostik HIV. Untuk menjaga mutu hasil pemeriksaannya, dilakukan Pemantapan Mutu Eksternal (PME) terhadap setiap layanan yang melakukan pemeriksaan HIV. Dengan pemeriksaan yang bermutu, mortalitas, morbiditas, dan penyebaran penyakit menular dapat diturunkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kinerja/mutu pemeriksaan HIV pada layanan Konseling dan Tes (KT) HIV di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan disain penelitian potong lintang, dengan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah layanan KT HIV di Provinsi DKI Jakarta yang saat ini berjumlah 70 unit. Sampel penelitian adalah peserta PME bidang Imunologi parameter anti HIV, tahun 2016 yang dilaksanakan oleh kementerian Kesehatan, sebanyak 32 unit yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 15,6% unit mempunyai kinerja pemeriksaan HIV tidak baik. Dan 100% unit dengan hasil PME tidak baik tersebut disebabkan oleh ketidaksesuaian strategi pemeriksaan yang dilaksanakan pada pemeriksaan diagnosis HIV dengan strategi standar sesuai Permenkes nomor 15 tahun 2015
MENDELEY: UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS DOSEN
Authors: N Arizal , Listihana Wita Dwika , Nofrizal Nofrizal 
Published: January 2019

Didalam perguruan tinggi yang sukses tidak bisa dilupakan adanya faktor yang satu ini yaitu dosen. Dosen merupakan kunci sukses dalam perguruan tinggi untuk mendidik mahasiswa dan mahasiswi agar dapat berguna bagi nusa dan bangsa dimasa yang akan datang. Beberapa tugas dosen diantaranya mengajar, penelitian dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang sering disebutkan dengan Tri Darma Perguruaan Tinggi. Dari tiga kewajiban seorang dosen tersebut dosen ditutut untuk memiliki kemampuan dalam menulis seperti Laporan, Skripsi, Tesis, Disertasi, Buku, Artikel dan lain-lain. Namun, untuk dapat menulis dengan baik maka perlu latihan secara terus menerus serta mengetahui alat bantu untuk menulis salah satunyanya adalah alat bantu untuk kutipan dan daftar pustaka. Oleh karena itu diperlukan alat/aplikasi yang dapat membantu dosen untuk menulis kutipan dan daftar pustaka. Mendeley merupakan aplikasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menulis kutipan dan daftar pustaka namun tidak seluruh dosen dapat menggunakan aplikasi ini. Metode dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis dosen lakukan dengan beberapa tahapan yaitu ceramah materi pelatihan/workshop tentang dengan isi yaitu pengenalan aplikasi Mendeley dan video tentang mudahnya menggunakan applikasi ini, Praktek menggunkan aplikasi Mendeley, Memberikan kesempatan kepada para peserta untuk mengajukan pertanyaan atau diskusi mengenai materi yang disampaikan, Melakukan survei untuk mengevaluasi dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan kuisoner Pretest & dan Posttest dengan Indikator keberhasilan kerberhasilan tingkat pemahaman peserta pada program ini adalah 70 %. Hasil dari kegiatan ini membuktikan bahwa tingkat pemahaman dosen 85 % dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis kutipan dan daftar pustaka dan sangat positif bagi pengembangan keahlian dosen dalam membuat karya ilmiah.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN PERAN SERTA KELOMPOK PKK DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENYAKIT TIDAK MENULAR
Authors: Septikasari Majestika 
Published: January 2019

Sebagian besar anggota kelompok PKK RT 3 RW 8 Desa Tritihlor, Kecamatan Jeruklegi, adalah ibu bekerja dan 2 diantaranya adalah kader kesehatan. Banyaknya ibu yang bekerja berdampak pada pola hidup termasuk dalam konsumsi makanan. Berdasarkan survey pendahuluan yang dilakukan terhadap 5 ibu anggota kelompok PKK RT 3 tiga diantaranya mengatakan lebih dari 3 kali dalam satu minggu membeli makanan dari warung dan semua ibu mengatkan tidak pernah olahraga. Pola hidup yang demikian berisiko meningkatkan penyakit tidak menular yang menyebabkan kematian sebesar 68%. Mitra kader yang ada belum memiliki kemampuan melakuan pemeriksaan sederhana untuk mencegah penyakit tidak menular. Sebagian mitra tidak tau dan belum pernah melakukan pengecekan rutin kesehatan untuk mendeteksi penyakit tidak menular oleh karena telah dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mitra dalam melakukan pemeriksaan sederhana untuk mendeteksi penyakit tidak menular, kegiatan alih bina informasi dengan tujuan meningkatkan pemahaman mitra tentang penyakit tidak menular dan upaya mencegahnya serta melakukan pemeriksaan untuk mendeteksi penyakit tidak menular. Hasil kegiatan antara lain pengetahuan mitra tentang penyakit tidak menular dan upaya pencegahannya telah meningkat, mitra kader telah terampil dalam melakukan pemeriksaan sederhana untuk mencegah penyakit tidak menular serta terdeteksi 1 orang obesitas tingkat I, 10 orang obesitas tingkat II dan 2 orang dengan hipertensi
Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair Ri1 Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Tanaman Kubis Bunga (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)
Authors: Gomies L. , Rehatta Herman , Jean Nendissa Jean 
Published: January 2019

Research on the effects of RI1 liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) has been conducted in Negri Hatalai, Subdistrict of Leitimur Selatan, Ambon. This study was done from January to April 2011. The objective of this study was to obtain optimal concentration of RI1 liquid organic fertilizer for growth and flower yield of broccoli. This research used Randomized Block Design with one factor, consisting of six treatments and three replications. Concentration of RI1 liquid organic fertilizer treatments consisted of 0 ml/0.5 l or without organic fertilizer, 1 ml/0.5 l., 2 ml/0.5 l., 3 ml/0.5 l., 4 ml/0.5 l and 5 ml/0.5 l. The observation data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by Tukey HSD at a level of 5%. The results showed that the liquid organic fertilizer RI1 did not give significant effects on plant height, stem diameter, time of flower formation, time of flowers opening, flower diameter and weight, but gave significant effects only on leaf number and leaf area at a concentration of 2 ml/0.5 l.