bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A role for Numb in Protein kinase M (PKM)‐mediated increase in surface AMPA receptors during facilitation in Aplysia
Authors: Farah Carole A. , Dunn Tyler W. , Hastings Margaret H. , Ferguson Larissa , Gao Cherry , Gong Katrina , Sossin Wayne S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is considerable evidence from both vertebrates and invertebrates that persistently active protein kinases maintain changes in synaptic strength that underlie memory. In the hermaphrodite marine mollusk, Aplysia californica, truncated forms of protein kinase C (PKC) termed protein kinase Ms have been implicated in both intermediate‐ and long‐term facilitation, an increase in synaptic strength between sensory neurons and motor neurons thought to underlie behavioural sensitization in the animal. However, few substrates have been identified as candidates that could mediate this increase in synaptic strength. PKMs have been proposed to maintain synaptic strength through preventing endocytosis of AMPA receptors. Numb is a conserved regulator of endocytosis that is modulated by phosphorylation. We have identified and cloned Aplysia Numb (ApNumb). ApNumb contains three conserved PKC phosphorylation sites and PKMs generated from classical and atypical Aplysia PKCs can phosphorylate ApNumb in vitro and in cells. Over‐expression of ApNumb that lacks the conserved PKC phosphorylation sites blocks increases in surface levels of a pHluorin‐tagged Aplysia glutamate receptor measured using live imaging after intermediate‐ or long‐term facilitation. Over‐expression of this form of ApNumb did not block increases in synaptic strength seen during intermediate‐term facilitation, but did block increases in synaptic strength seen during long‐term facilitation. There was no effect of over‐expression of this form of ApNumb on other putative Numb targets as measured using increases in calcium downstream of neurotrophins or agonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors. These results suggest that in Aplysia neurons, Numb specifically regulates AMPA receptor trafficking and is an attractive candidate for a target of PKMs in long‐term maintenance of synaptic strength.Open Science BadgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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YOLO: Mortality Beliefs and Household Finance Puzzles
Authors: HEIMER RAWLEY Z. , MYRSETH KRISTIAN OVE R. , SCHOENLE RAPHAEL S. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTWe study the effect of subjective mortality beliefs on life‐cycle behavior. With new survey evidence, we document that survival is underestimated (overestimated) by the young (old). We calibrate a canonical life‐cycle model to elicited beliefs. Relative to calibrations using actuarial probabilities, the young undersave by 26%, and retirees draw down their assets 27% slower, while the model's fit to consumption data improves by 88%. Cross‐sectional regressions support the model's predictions: Distorted mortality beliefs correlate with savings behavior while controlling for risk preferences, cognitive, and socioeconomic factors. Overweighting the likelihood of rare events contributes to mortality belief distortions.
Breastfeeding Practices in Georgia: Rural‐Urban Comparison and Trend Analyses Based on 2004‐2013 PRAMS Data
Authors: Hamilton Whitney N. , Tarasenko Yelena N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified rural mothers as a priority population for targeted breastfeeding promotion programs. In Georgia, breastfeeding rates lag behind the national ones. This study examines rural‐urban differences and trends over time in breastfeeding initiation and continuation (breastfeeding for at least 8 weeks) among women with a live birth from 2004 to 2013 in Georgia.MethodsThis observational study is based on the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data. The National Center for Health Statistics urban‐rural continuum codes were used to operationalize mother's county of residence. Prevalence of breastfeeding was estimated from the logistic regression models, unadjusted and adjusted for sociodemographic and health‐related characteristics.FindingsIn both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, significantly fewer rural (60.2%, 95% CI: 57.5‐62.9 and 64.5%, 95% CI: 61.3‐67.6, respectively) than urban (74.9%, 95% CI: 73.4‐76.4 and 72.9%, 95% CI: 71.1‐74.6, respectively) mothers initiated breastfeeding (P < .001). Similar rural‐urban differences persisted throughout the 10‐year study period—approximately 15 percentage points (pps) in unadjusted and over 8 pps in adjusted analyses (Ps < .001). Fewer rural (35.9%, CI: 32.4‐39.3) than urban (44.7%, CI: 42.7‐46.7) mothers continued breastfeeding, but this difference was significant overall and over time in unadjusted analyses only (P < .001).ConclusionsInterventions increasing breastfeeding initiation in rural mothers can be expected to lead to cumulative increase in breastfeeding practices among Georgia women. Equally important, however, is to increase the rates of breastfeeding initiation in all women and support for all women to continue breastfeeding for longer duration.
Association of the canine ATP7A and ATP7B with hepatic copper accumulation in Dobermann dogs
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Mandigers Paul J. J. , Watson Adrian L. , van den Ingh Ted S. G. A. M. , Leegwater Peter A. J. , Fieten Hille 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatic copper accumulation causes chronic hepatitis in dogs. Mutations in the copper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B were, respectively, associated with attenuation and enhancement of hepatic copper concentrations in Labrador Retrievers. There is a predisposition of Dobermanns to hepatitis with increased hepatic copper concentrations.ObjectivesTo investigate whether the ATP7A:c.980C>T and ATP7B:c.4358G>A mutations identified in Labrador Retrievers were associated with hepatic copper concentrations in Dobermanns.AnimalsDobermanns from the Netherlands (n = 122) and the United States (n = 78).MethodsIn this retrospective study, mutations in ATP7A and ATP7B were investigated as risk factors for hepatic copper accumulation in Dobermanns. Liver biopsies of 200 Dobermanns were evaluated by histochemical copper staining, quantitative copper measurement, or both modalities. ATP7A and ATP7B genotypes were obtained by Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR. A linear regression model was used to investigate an association between genotype and hepatic copper concentrations.ResultsThe ATP7A:c.980C>T was identified in both Dutch (2 heterozygous individuals) and American Dobermanns. In the American cohort, the minor allele frequency of the mutation was low (.081) and a possible effect on hepatic copper concentrations could not be established from this data set. A significant association of the ATP7B:c.4358G>A variant with increased hepatic copper concentrations in Dobermanns was observed.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe ATP7B:c.4358G>A variant could be a contributor to hepatic copper accumulation underlying the risk of development of copper‐associated hepatitis in breeds other than the Labrador Retriever.
Plasma and tissue angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 activity and plasma equilibrium concentrations of angiotensin peptides in dogs with heart disease
Authors: Larouche‐Lebel Éva , Loughran Kerry A. , Oyama Mark A. , Solter Phil F. , Laughlin Danielle S. , Sánchez Melissa D. , Assenmacher Charles‐Antoine , Fox Philip R. , Fries Ryan C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAngiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homologue of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) and produces angiotensin peptides (APs), such as angiotensin 1‐9 and 1‐7 that are vasodilatory and natriuretic, and act to counterbalance angiotensin II.HypothesisEvidence of ACE2 can be found in tissues and plasma of dogs. Equilibrium concentrations of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) APs differ in dogs with heart disease compared to healthy dogs and recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2) alters relative concentrations of APs.AnimalsForty‐nine dogs with and 34 dogs without heart disease.MethodsImmunohistochemistry and assays for tissue and plasma ACE2 activity and equilibrium concentrations of plasma RAAS APs were performed.ResultsImmunolabeling for ACE2 was present in kidney and myocardial tissue. Median plasma ACE2 activity was significantly increased in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF; 6.9 mU/mg; interquartile range [IQR], 5.1‐12.1) as compared to control (2.2 mU/mg; IQR, 1.8‐3.0;P= .0003). Plasma equilibrium analysis of RAAS APs identified significant increases in the median concentrations of beneficial APs, such as angiotensin 1‐7, in dogs with CHF (486.7 pg/mL; IQR, 214.2‐1168) as compared to those with preclinical disease (41.0 pg/mL; IQR, 27.4‐45.1;P < .0001) or control (11.4 pg/mL; IQR, 7.1‐25.3;P= .01). Incubation of plasma samples from dogs with CHF with rhACE2 increased beneficial APs, such as angiotensin 1‐9 (preincubation, 10.3 pg/mL; IQR, 4.4‐37.2; postincubation, 2431 pg/mL; IQR, 1355‐3037;P= .02), while simultaneously decreasing maladaptive APs, such as angiotensin II (preincubation, 53.4 pg/mL; IQR, 28.6‐226.4; postincubation, 2.4 pg/mL; IQR, 0.50‐5.8;P= .02).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRecognition of the ACE2 system expands the conventional view of the RAAS in the dog and represents an important potential therapeutic target.
Keeping replication on par with division in Bacillus
Authors: Haeusser Daniel P. , Levin Petra A. 
Published: June 2019

SummarySpatially, division site selection is one of the most precisely controlled processes in bacterial physiology. Despite its obvious importance to the production of properly sized, viable daughter cells, the mechanisms underlying division site selection have remained largely mysterious. Molecular Microbiology, Hajduk et al. provide new insight into this essential process. Overturning previous models, including one of their own, they discover that two factors involved in chromosome remodeling – the ParB‐like protein Spo0J, and the nucleoid‐associated protein Noc – work together to coordinate early steps in DNA replication with establishment of a medial division site in the Gram‐positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis.
Phyllotaxis: is the golden angle optimal for light capture?
Authors: Strauss Sören , Lempe Janne , Prusinkiewicz Przemyslaw , Tsiantis Miltos , Smith Richard S. 
Published: June 2019

Summary

Phyllotactic patterns are some of the most conspicuous in nature. To create these patterns plants must control the divergence angle between the appearance of successive organs, sometimes to within a fraction of a degree. The most common angle is the Fibonacci or golden angle, and its prevalence has led to the hypothesis that it has been selected by evolution as optimal for plants with respect to some fitness benefits, such as light capture.

We explore arguments for and against this idea with computer models. We have used both idealized and scanned leaves from Arabidopsis thaliana and Cardamine hirsuta to measure the overlapping leaf area of simulated plants after varying parameters such as leaf shape, incident light angles, and other leaf traits.

We find that other angles generated by Fibonacci‐like series found in nature are equally optimal for light capture, and therefore should be under similar evolutionary pressure.

Our findings suggest that the iterative mechanism for organ positioning itself is a more likely target for evolutionary pressure, rather than a specific divergence angle, and our model demonstrates that the heteroblastic progression of leaf shape in A. thaliana can provide a potential fitness benefit via light capture.
EPPSatisfaction on Discourse Grounds: The Case of Locative Inversion
Authors: Ojea Ana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article approaches locative inversion as a construction resulting from valuation of the core intentional feature [DI] (fordiscourse intention) by a locative constituent to obtain an event‐reporting thetic statement that expresses a state of affairs located in some spatiotemporal coordinates. I argue that in languages where [DI] is anEPPfeature, as is the case with Spanish, the locative is internally merged in Spec,TP, competing with the subject for this position with respect to prominence conditions. Two types of locative‐inversion constructions therefore obtain: (i)corelocative inversion, where the locative phrase is structurally prominent, and (ii)deicticlocative inversion, where the locative phrase is nonprominent but must be merged in Spec,TPfor reasons of interface economy. The article explores in detail the differences between the two and the predicted differences between Spanish and other languages, such as English, where theEPPis not informational but formal in nature. It also offers empirical support for Spec,TPas the landing site of the locative in Spanish (and, it is predicted, in other discourse‐prominent languages), showing that locative inversion is not a root phenomenon in this case and can therefore be found in many contexts where standard topicalization would be ruled out.
Safety incident reports associated with blood transfusions
Authors: Vossoughi Sarah , Perez Gabriela , Whitaker Barbee I. , Fung Mark K. , Rajbhandary Srijana , Crews Nicole , Stotler Brie 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUNDPatient safety remains a critical issue in health care. Adverse events related to blood transfusion constitute a threat to patient safety. The aim of this study is to compare and contrast reporting trends of patient safety events that occur during the transfusion of blood components in pediatric and adult hospital care settings.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis is a multicenter analysis of reported patient safety incidents occurring during the administration of blood components for four children's and 21 adult hospitals from January 2010 through September 2017. Denominators were pediatric or adult transfusions per year for a subset of two pediatric and two adult hospitals able to provide denominators for the complete reporting period. Rates were calculated on the subset of four hospitals per 100,000 components transfused with Pearson's chi square for comparison (p < 0.05 as significant).RESULTSThere were 1902 reports for an estimated 1.1 million transfusions: 358 reports from pediatric hospitals and 1544 reports from adult hospitals. From hospitals able to provide denominator data; there were 192 reports for 128,560 pediatric transfusions and 183 reports for 377,563 adult transfusions. The reporting rate per 100,000 components from these four hospitals was 149 for pediatric and 48 for adult reports (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONThis analysis demonstrates the continued need for transfusion safety practices. The type of incident reports differed in the pediatric setting compared to the adult setting. Understanding patient safety event reporting trends related to blood transfusion will help target hemovigilance education and interventions to the appropriate patient populations.
Development and Ex Vivo Validation of Novel Force-Sensing Neochordae for Measuring Chordae Tendineae Tension in the Mitral Valve Apparatus Using Optical Fibers With Embedded Bragg Gratings
Authors: Paulsen Michael J. , Bae Jung Hwa , Imbrie-Moore Annabel M. , Wang Hanjay , Hironaka Camille E. , Farry Justin M. , Lucian Haley , Thakore Akshara D. , Cutkosky Mark R. , Joseph Woo Y. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Few technologies exist that can provide quantitative data on forces within the mitral valve apparatus. Marker-based strain measurements can be performed, but chordal geometry and restricted optical access are limitations. Foil-based strain sensors have been described and work well, but the sensor footprint limits the number of chordae that can be measured. We instead utilized fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors—optical strain gauges made of 125 μm diameter silica fibers—to overcome some limitations of previous methods of measuring chordae tendineae forces. Using FBG sensors, we created a force-sensing neochord (FSN) that mimics the natural shape and movement of native chordae. FBG sensors reflect a specific wavelength of light depending on the spatial period of gratings. When force is applied, the gratings move relative to one another, shifting the wavelength of reflected light. This shift is directly proportional to force applied. The FBG sensors were housed in a protective sheath fashioned from a 0.025 in. flat coil, and attached to the chordae using polytetrafluoroethylene suture. The function of the force-sensing neochordae was validated in a three-dimensional (3D)-printed left heart simulator, which demonstrated that FBG sensors provide highly sensitive force measurements of mitral valve chordae at a temporal resolution of 1000 Hz. As ventricular pressures increased, such as in hypertension, chordae forces also increased. Overall, FBG sensors are a viable, durable, and high-fidelity sensing technology that can be effectively used to measure mitral valve chordae forces and overcome some limitations of other such technologies.
The Construction of a Conservative Radiation Hydrodynamics Algorithm in Two-Dimensional Spherical Geometry
Authors: Lin Zhiwei , Jiang Shaoen , Zhang Lu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the construction of a conservative radiation hydrodynamics algorithm in two-dimensional (2D) spherical geometry. First, we discretize the radiation transport equation (RTE) in that geometry. The discretization preserves the conservation of photons by integrating the original RTE in 2D spherical coordinates over both angular and spatial control volumes. Some numerical results are provided to verify the discretization for both optically thin and thick circumstances. Second, we formulate the staggered Lagrangian hydrodynamics in that geometry. The formulation preserves the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy by integrating the original hydrodynamic equations in 2D spherical coordinates over their respective control volumes. The original edge-centered artificial viscosity in 2D cylindrical geometry is also extended to be capable of capturing shock waves in 2D spherical geometry. Several 2D benchmark cases are provided to verify the scheme. The subsequent construction of the conservative radiation hydrodynamics algorithm is accomplished by the combination of the staggered Lagrangian hydrodynamics scheme and the solution of the RTE in 2D spherical geometry. Several 2D problems are calculated to verify our radiation hydrodynamics algorithm at the end.
Numerical Investigation of Interaction of Counter Flow Jet and Hypersonic Capsule Flow Via Modified DsmcFoam
Authors: Raeisi Mostafa , Mohammadi-Amin Meysam , Zakeri Ramin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this work, numerical investigation of interaction of counter flow jet and hypersonic re-entry capsule flow has been carried out through modification of DsmcFoam solver. The DsmcFoam modification includes implementation of variable soft sphere (VSS) collision model for more accurate collision model, adjustment of nonuniform initial condition for faster convergence and nonuniform boundary condition, calculation of local Knudsen number in postprocessing for adaptive grid generation, and implementation of different gas species for multigas flow interaction simulations. Therefore, the modified DsmcFoam can be used for investigation of the effect of counter flow jet on the vehicle aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics. New validation test cases from Von Karman gas dynamics facility (VKF) tunnel data of Apollo and blunt-cone re-entry geometries are studied via DsmcFoam in which a suitable agreement of results is observed compared to experimental data and also MONACO code computations. Also, the influence of counter flow jet has been presented, i.e., changing of bow shock configuration and its distance from the vehicle. Consequently, it is observed that by increasing counter flow jet velocity or density, reduction of the drag coefficient and heat flux on the vehicle will occur. Furthermore, variation of the velocity or density of counter flow jet leads to different jet-flow interaction patterns which are presented evidently.
An Exact Solution for Transient Anisotropic Heat Conduction in Composite Cylindrical Shells
Authors: Rahmani Hossein , Norouzi Mahmood , Birjandi Alireza Komeili , Birjandi Amir Komeili 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study, an analytical solution is proposed for the problem of transient anisotropic conductive heat transfer in composite cylindrical shells. The composite shells are considered to have directional heat transfer properties, which is due to the existence of fibers which can be winded in any direction. The composite shells usually show high conductivity in the direction parallel to fiber direction and low conductivity in other two orthogonal directions. To solve the heat transfer partial differential equation, finite Fourier transform and separation of variables method are used. The present solution is used to find the temperature distribution in a composite cylindrical vessel for which the composite material is graphite/epoxy and the vessel is prone to an external heat flux and also ambient flow. The analytical solution is verified perfectly by the data obtained from a second-order finite difference solution. The solution is used to investigate the effects of values of fiber angle and material conductivity coefficients on temperature distribution of the composite cylindrical vessel. The results show the important role of fiber angle values on the temperature distribution of vessel.
Burden of hypoxia and intraventricular haemorrhage in extremely preterm infants
Authors: Ng Isabel Hui Xuan , da Costa Cristine Sortica , Zeiler Fred A , Wong Flora Y , Smielewski Peter , Czosnyka Marek , Austin Topun 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveThresholds of cerebral hypoxia through monitoring of near-infrared spectroscopy tissue oxygenation index (TOI) were used to investigate the relationship between intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) and indices of hypoxia.DesignProspective observational study.SettingA single-centre neonatal intensive care unit.PatientsInfants <28 weeks’ gestation with an umbilical artery catheter.MethodsThresholds of hypoxia were determined from mean values of TOI using sequential Χ2 tests and used alongside thresholds from existing literature to calculate percentage of time in hypoxia and burden of hypoxia below each threshold. These indices were then compared between IVH groups.Results44 infants were studied for a median of 18.5 (range 6–21) hours in the first 24 hours of life. Sequential Χ2 analysis yielded a TOI threshold of 71% to differentiate between IVH (16 infants) and no IVH (28 infants). Percentage of time in hypoxia was significantly higher in infants with IVH than those without, using thresholds of 60%–67%. Burden of hypoxia was significantly higher in infants with IVH than without, using thresholds of 62%–80%. With the threshold of 71%, percentage of time in hypoxia was lower by 12.2% with a 95% CI of (−25.7 to 1.2) (p=0.073), and the burden of hypoxia was lower by 29.2% hour (%h) (95% CI −55.2 to −3.1)%h (p=0.012) in infants without IVH than those with IVH.ConclusionsUsing defined TOI thresholds, infants with IVH spent higher percentage of time in hypoxia with higher burden of cerebral hypoxia than those without, in the first 24 hours of life.