bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pavimentação rodoviária: a recuperação em discussão
Authors: Santos Douglas Freitas Augusto dos 
Published: September 2019

No Brasil, em geral a pavimentação das vias urbanas e rodoviárias é realizada com mistura asfáltica. Para a pavimentação ser considerada sustentável, deve ter elevada durabilidade, projeto adequado e com execução que siga rigorosamente o que foi planejado. Assim, é possível evitar que as vias exijam recapeamento a cada três ou quatro anos. O presente trabalho traz a discussão sobre a pavimentação rodoviária, dentro da delimitação da recuperação, tendo como objetivo analisar o processo construtivo de recuperação da pavimentação asfáltica rodoviária, denotando sua conceitualização, desenvolvimento e aplicabilidade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido seguindo as diretrizes normativas da NORMA DNIT 154/2010 e NBR5847/2015, dentre outras normas específicas inerentes à pavimentação asfáltica. Assim, concluiu-se que o processo construtivo de recuperação da pavimentação asfáltica é uma ação contínua de manutenção da capacidade rodoviária em nível federal, sendo de suma importância para o trânsito de pessoas e da produção do país, cabendo consecutivas pesquisas para sua qualificação e efetivação.No Brasil, em geral, a pavimentação das vias urbanas e rodoviárias é realizada com mistura asfáltica. Para a pavimentação ser considerada sustentável, deve ter elevada durabilidade, projeto adequado, e com execução que siga rigorosamente o que foi planejado. Assim, é possível evitar que as vias exijam recapeamento a cada três ou quatro anos. O presente trabalho traz a discussão sobre a pavimentação rodoviária, dentro da delimitação da recuperação, tendo como objetivo analisar o processo construtivo de recuperação da pavimentação asfáltica rodoviária, denotando sua conceitualização, desenvolvimento e aplicabilidade. O trabalho foi desenvolvido seguindo as diretrizes normativas da NORMA DNIT 154/2010 e NBR 5847/2015, dentre outras normas específicas inerentes à pavimentação asfáltica. Assim, concluiu-se que o processo construtivo de recuperação da pavimentação asfáltica é uma ação contínua de manutenção da capacidade rodoviária em nível federal, sendo de suma importância para o trânsito de pessoas e da produção do país, cabendo consecutivas pesquisas para sua qualificação e efetivação.
Influence of Fermented Maize-meal Infusion on Feed Efficiency, Growth Performance and Antioxidants Status of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings
Authors: Aliyu-A A. , Aliyu-Paiko M. , Abafi J. , Abdul-Malik A. , Adamu K. M. , King M. A. 
Published: September 2019

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of fermented maize-meal infusion on feed quality, growth performance and immune status of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, Nigeria, between March 2017 and July 2017.
Methodology: A total of 120 African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (mean initial weight 7.43±0.24 grams) were randomly distributed into 2 groups of 3 replicates each. Each replicate contained 20 fish. Fermented feed (FF) produced using fermented maize-meal (ogi) infusion for 72 h was fed 5% body weight to a group of 60 fish (in 3 replicates) for 10 weeks, compared to fish fed control pellet containing similar ingredients but was non-fermented (NF). Proximate composition of feeds and whole fish, feed efficiency and growth performance, biochemical and antioxidant parameters in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus were evaluated.
Results: The results of proximate composition of FF and NF diets were not significantly (P>0.05) different in crude protein, crude fibre, carbohydrate and moisture contents. However, fat (lipid) was significantly lower in FF diet, while the level of ash was significantly (P<0.05) higher in FF than in the NF control. Proximate composition of whole fish fed NF and FF diets are significantly similar for crude protein, crude fibre, fat and carbohydrate contents. However, ash and moisture contents were significantly higher in fish fed NF than FF. The results for feed efficiency and growth performance of African catfish fed experimental diets indicated similar feed acceptance and intake and consequently similar growth performance. The hematological indices; packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and haemoglobin (Hb) were observed to be significantly higher in fish fed the FF diet. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly elevated in serum of fish administered the non-fermented diet while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) indicated elevated activities in fish fed fermented diet. The chloride and potassium ions and cholesterol indicated significantly higher concentration in the serum of fish fed fermented diet. Conversely, the inorganic phosphate, calcium, total protein and triglycerides were significantly higher in the serum of fish fed the non-fermented diet. Contrastingly, the concentration of sodium ion and creatinine did not differ significantly between the fish fed the experimental diets. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly elevated in the serum of fish fed FF diet.
Conclusion: Fermented diet with probiotics from maize-meal infusion improved biochemical and antioxidant parameters of Clarias gariepinus without impairing fish performance.
Reforestation is Not a Mitigation of Climate Change in All Situations – A Literature Review
Authors: Jing Shen Jia 
Published: September 2019

Background: Environmental issues have gained widespread attention from all around the world and most of them originate from the root cause of climate change. Climate change occurs when there is increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the environment, reflecting less heat back to space. In view of extreme weather and consequences, afforestation is now seen as one of the most effective methods in mitigating the effects of climate change. Increasing popularity of using forests as mitigation methods, however, does not translate to forests being effective solutions in all situations. Being part of our ecosystem, processes of forests are easily altered by climate change itself.
Aims: To ascertain if afforestation can effectively mitigate the effects of climate change in consideration that the processes of trees are affected by climate change itself.
Study Design: Literature review.
Methods: Data sources include Nature, Science Direct and environmental journals.
Results: Climate change currently increases the ability of forests to mitigate climate change but long-term exposure to increased temperatures and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels reduce their abilities to do so. Location of where afforestation is carried out also affects the extent of effectiveness in reducing CO2 levels and climate change.
Conclusion: Afforestation can mitigate climate change if implemented appropriately, especially where it is effective. However, the primary solution will still be cutting carbon emissions since trees have a biological limit in response to climate change.
Evaluation of Trauma Scores, Clinical Outcomes and Hospital Costs of Patients Presenting with Traffic Accidents
Authors: Atik Dilek , Unal Ramazan , Kockan Burce Serra , Bulut Bensu , Kaya Hilmi , Guven Ramazan , Cander Basar 
Published: September 2019

Background: Traffic accidents have been a bleeding wound due to developing technology and increasing number of vehicles. Improvement in socio-economic level has led to an increase in number of vehicles and traffic accidents with injury and death increase accordingly. High costs appear by tests and treatments as well as further health problems and loss of labour power in traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trauma scores, clinical outcomes and hospital cost of patients presenting to the emergency department with road traffic accidents.
Methods: Patients information; hospital automation system, forensic records and patient files were recorded. Cost information was received in hospital automation system. Hospital costs include examinations and treatments that have been performed since the first visit of the patients. According to the data obtained from the patients files, GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale), AIS(Abbreviated Injury Scale) and ISS(Injury Severity Score) scores of each patient were calculated separately. All variables were tested for conformity to normal distribution, Kolmogorov Smirnov test and compliance with parametric test criteria. The data obtained by the study carried out within the scope of clinical research are statistically nonparametric. For this reason, Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used for statistical evaluation of associated variables according to dependency status. Spearman rank correlation in non-parametric data and Pearson correlation in parametric data were used as correlation methods. The results were evaluated for a significance level of P < .05.
Results: The average cost of traffic accidents was found to be 247.38 Turkish Lira.The average cost of motor vehicle accidents was 246.53 Turkish Lira.The average cost of extra vehicular traffic accident was 235.3 Turkish Lira. Cost average was 265.9 Turkish Lira.The effect of clinical outcomes on the cost was found statistically significant. There was a statistically significant effect of GCS, AIS, ISS trauma scores on the cost. AIS and ISS and the cost was moderately significant and a positive correlation was found.
Conclusion: Frequency of the traffic accidents, higher hospitalization rates and higher medical expenses have made the traffic accidents a significant public health problem economically We believe that community education should be increased in order to reduce traffic accidents in terms of health as well as the national economy.
Radiological Risk Assessment of Drinking Water from Ignatius University Quarters, Rumuolumeni, Nigeria
Authors: Ononugbo C. P. , Amadi T. I. 
Published: September 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the level of natural radioactivity in drinking water (tap water) from Ignatius university staff quarters in order to determine the radiological health risks associated with consumption of such water.
Study Design: This study was purely an experimental work which involves collection of samples and laboratory analysis.
Place and Duration of the Study: the study was carried out at Ignatius university staff quarters and some lecture halls within the institution between May 2018 and March 2019.
Methodology: Twenty three (23) samples of drinkable water was collected from staff quarters and some lecture halls with 1.5 liters plastic containers which was rinsed thrice before collection. The samples were chemically treated by adding nitric acid and then pre-concentrated further by evaporating to certain levels. The residue were transferred to small cylindrical containers which were sealed and kept for 28 days in order to ensure secular equilibrium between 238u, 232th and their progenies and counted with sodium iodide activated with thallium detector. The results obtained were analyzed using some radiation models for radiological health risks.
Results: The measured activity concentration of natural radionuclides such as 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in drinking water were in the range of 4.14±3.61 to 48.30±3.88 Bql-1, bdl to 188.51±2.69 Bql-1 and bdl to 29.17±3.42 Bql-1 respectively. The mean values of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th are 18.79±4.24, 27.55±5.99 and 17.79 ±2.89 Bql-1 respectively which is higher than their respective recommended safe value. The estimated effective dose for different age groups ranged from 0.073 to 317.58 mSvy-1 for infants, 0.050 to 78.05 mSvy-1 for children, 0.027 to 237.41 mSvy-1 for teenagers and 0.029 to 51.46 mSvy-1 for adults with mean values of 110.07, 25.92, 68.44 and 12.85 mSvy-1 respectively. The lifetime fatality cancer risk to adult estimated show that, approximately 19 out of 100 may suffer from some form of cancer fatality and 18 out of 1000 may suffer some hereditary effect.
Conclusion: The result showed an elevated radioactivity level with its associated health risk. The populace might be at long term health risk if continuous exposure is maintained.
Synthesis of (2Z)-4,6-Diphenyl-N-((2-(Piperidin-1-yl)Ethyl]-2H-1,3-Thiazin-2-Imino Hydrochloride and its Antimicrobial Activities
Authors: Ovonramwen Oluwaseyi Bukky , Owolabi Bodunde Joseph , Oviawe Amowie Philip 
Published: September 2019

Aim: The study aims to synthesize, characterize, and screen (2Z)-4,6-diphenyl-N-((2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-2H-1,3-thiazin-2-imino hydrochloride for microbial activities.
Methodology: A (2Z)-4,6-diphenyl-N-((2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-2H-1,3-thiazin-2-imino hydrochloride was synthesized via two-steps reaction from chalcone using acetophenone and benzaldehyde, further cyclized with thiourea and later N-alkylated with 1-(2-chloroethyl)piperidine hydrochloride, its purity was tested by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and screened against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans using the standard microbiological method.
Results: A golden yellow needle-like crystals (2Z)-4,6-diphenyl-N-((2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-2H-1,3-thiazin-2-imininium hydrochloride with Rf, 7 EtOAc: 3 Pet (0.75) and MP, 285-287oC was synthesized and the in vitro antimicrobial study of the compound exhibited moderate activities in comparison with standard ciprofloxacin and itraconazole.
Conclusion: A new (2Z)-4,6-Diphenyl-N-((2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-2H-1,3-thiazin-2-imininium hydrochloride was synthesized using Claisen-Schmidt condensation, Michael addition and N-alkylation shows moderate antimicrobial activities against E. coli, B. subtilis, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and C. albicans.
Cell Membrane Stability and Relative Water Content of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon Grass)
Authors: Maishanu H. M. , Rabe A. M. 
Published: September 2019

In this research the cell membrane stability (CMS), relative water content (RWC) and effect of different water interval on Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) was assessed. The cell membrane stability and relative water content of the plant shows the physiological activity of the plant. The plant sample was subjected to three different watering regimes viz: one, two- and three-days intervals with a control sample irrigated daily for a period of twelve months. Uniform stalk of lemon grass plants were planted into a depth of 7.5 cm composted soil, each treatment was made in triplicate. The evaluated growth parameters where height of the plant, number of leaves and tillers, which were taken weekly for period of twelve months (year). The height shows a significant difference from first to twelfth month after planting. The height of the plant increases simultaneous with the age of the plant. First month after planting show significant difference in height of sample watered daily and treated samples. The results shows that the RWC (07.14%) and CMS (52.58%) was low in samples under water stress respectively when compared to well-watered samples (55.41%). No significant difference was observed between samples under one, two and three days interval. The number of leaves differs significantly in the first MAP except in the samples watered daily and three days interval. Maximum number of leaves was achieved at twelfth MAP under one day interval (137.33) followed by samples watered daily (126) and two days interval, while three days interval has the least number of leaves (leaf number). The number of tillers shows significant differences between the means at fifth and sixth MAP, (fifth MAP = 73.33 and sixth MAP = 126) and the treatments under one day intervals (fifth MAP = 18.33 and sixth MAP = 35.67). In the research, samples watered daily and under one day intervals shows high productivity when compared to the remaining treatment.
Impact of Moisture Content and Weed Management on Direct Seeded Rice Quality
Authors: Kumari Alisha , Kumar Rajan , Kumari Sweeti , Kumari Rinki Kumari 
Published: September 2019

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2016 at Crop Research centre Pusa, Bihar to investigate the “Effect of Moisture Regimes and Weed Management on quality of Direct Seeded Rice”. The treatments consisted of three moisture regimes in main plots and five weed management practices in sub plots. The results showed that grain (3.62 t/ha) and straw yields (52.44 q/ha), harvest index (40.83%), P uptake (10.97 kg/ha) by rice grain were maximum with 3 days Disappearance of Ponded Water(DPW) which were significantly superior to 5 and 7 DPW but N (42.19 kg/ha) and P uptake (10.97 kg/ha) by rice grain, N (30.53 kg/ha), P (8.41 kg/ha) and K (74.47 kg/ha) uptake by straw were statistically at par with 5 DPW. With regard to weed management grain yield(35.62 q/ha) was maximum with W4 treatment of weed management which was significantly superior to W2, W1 and W5 but was statistically at par with W3 treatment while, straw yield (45.12 q/ha), N(41.37 and 29.75 kg/ha), P(10.72 and 8.18 kg/ha) and K(8.80 and 7.58 kg/ha) uptake by rice grain and straw were significantly superior to W1 and W5 and were comparable to W3 and W2 treatments. In harvest index (40.97%), W4 treatment was significantly superior to all the treatments. N, P and K content in grain and straw did not vary significantly with varying moisture regimes weed management treatments.
Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Compounds Isolated from the Leaves of Kigelia africana (LAM) Benth (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Falode John A. , Crown Olamide O. , Famuyiwa Samson O. , Elusiyan Christianah A. , Ogungbe Ifedayo V. , Akinmoladun Afolabi C. , Olaleye Mary T. , Akindahunsi Afolabi A. 
Published: September 2019

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme that is involved in the breakdown of some neurotransmitters. Its inhibition is one of the treatment strategies employed in the management Alzheimer diseases. Flavonoids isolated from the leaves of Kigelia africana were investigated for their comparative AChE inhibition.
The extract of the leaves was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) to obtain four fractions using n-hexane (n-hex, 100%), n-hexane/dichloromethane (hex/DCM, 1:1), dichloromethane/ethyl acetate (DCM/EtOAc, 1:1) and ethyl acetate/methanol (EtOAc/MeOH, 1:1). The four fractions were subjected to AChE inhibitory study with DCM/EtOAc (1:1) fraction showing the highest inhibitory activity. Three flavonoids were isolated from this fraction and their structures were elucidated and characterised using 1D- and 2D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Their spectroscopic data compared well with literature.
The compounds demonstrated considerable inhibition of AChE activity with luteolin (1), rutin (2) and quercetin (3) that showed IC50 of 945.0, 282.1, 254.8 μg/ml respectively as against the IC50 of 38.93 μg/ml for rivastigmine, a well-known cholinesterase agent. Compound 3 showed 17.89 ± 0.57 and 7.70 ± 0.64 μ/l/mg protein at 200 and 400 μg/ml respectively, for AChE activity as against 10.37 ± 0.99 and 6.24 ± 1.24 μ/l/mg protein showed by rivastigmine at 200 and 400 μg/ml respectively.
This study showed that the phytochemical responsible for the AChE inhibition in the crude extract as reported by Falode et al., 2017 resided in the DCM/EtOAc (1:1) fraction. The structural-activity relationship of the flavonoids revolves around substitution in position 3 of the compounds.
Breastfeeding Practices and Associated Factors among Mothers of Children Aged 6-23 Months in Konduga Local Government Area, North East Nigeria
Authors: Adejugbagbe Adewale M. , Ajayi Ikeoluwapo O. , Oki Olubunmi P. 
Published: September 2019

Aims: To assess knowledge and practices of breastfeeding as well as identify associated factors among mothers of children aged 6-23 months in Konduga Local Government Area (LGA) in Borno State, Nigeria.
Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers of children aged 6 to 23 months.
Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Konduga LGA of Borno State, Nigeria in August, 2018.
Methodology: The study focused on 224 mothers of children aged 6-23 months that have ever assessed the health facility for Micronutrient Powder (MNP) supplementation for their index child. A semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, knowledge of breastfeeding and their practices of breastfeeding. A point was assigned to correct response to each of the two questions used to assess breastfeeding practices, and respondents with two points were categorized as those with effective breastfeeding practice. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistics regression, with the level of significance set at 0.05.
Results: A total of 224 respondents were approached for interview and 218 responded, giving a response rate of 97%. Forty-six (21%) of the respondents knew that it is not appropriate to give semi-solid food or water to child that is 4 months old, and 98 (45%) knew that breastfeeding should not be discontinued for a child that is one year of age. Sixty-one (28%) of the respondents practice effective breastfeeding, which was significantly predicted by having formal education (AOR=14.0, 95% CI= 4.0 – 48.6), having a spouse that is educated (AOR=6.0, 95% CI= 2.1- 17.6) and having a male child (AOR=3.2, 95% CI= 1.3 – 8.0).
Conclusions: The study findings suggest that effective breastfeeding practice is low among the study participants particularly among the less educated and those having a female child. Interventions targeted at strengthening Infant and Young Child Feeding counseling in the health facility and community are recommended.
Nutrient Composition of Brillantaisia guianensis P. Beuv Leaves
Authors: Chinedu Kalu E. , Onyeike Eugene N. , Ikewuchi Catherine C. 
Published: September 2019

Aim: The quantitative nutrient composition of leaves of Brillantaisia guianensis P. beuv was investigated.
Source and Identification of Sample: The leaves of B. guianensis used in this study were harvested fresh from Ude plantation in Okon Aku, Ohafia Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria. They were identified by a Taxonomist (Dr Edwin Wosu) in the Herbarium Unit of the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Port Harcourt.
Study Design: The study was designed, using standard methods, to determine the proximate, amino acids, minerals and vitamins composition of the leaves.
Results: The wet leaves were high in moisture (88.4%) while the dried sample had practically no moisture, indicating that the wet leaves could easily be prone to microbial spoilage due to high water activity. Drying increased protein level from 3.50 to 28.0% and ash from 2.36 to 27.7% among other parameters. The low calorific values for wet sample (16.1 kcal/100 g) and dry sample (152.3 kcal/100 g sample) showed that the leaves are poor energy-giving foods. However, the leaves contain good amino acid profile especially the essential amino acids (valine, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine and tryptophan). The nutrient mineral (Na, Ca, Mg, K, Se, P, Fe) levels were high to supply the World Health Organization recommended daily allowance for adults and children. The sample contains appreciable amount of fats and water -soluble vitamins required for growth.
Conclusion: The results show that the leaves are good sources of essential and non-essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins adequate to meet the required daily allowance for nourishment of the body.