bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological prognostication of paediatric adrenocortical tumours: Is a gold standard emerging?
Authors: Jehangir Susan , Nanjundaiah Pratibha , Sigamani Elanthenral , Burad Deepak , Manipadam Marie T. , Lea Vivienne , Ly Theresa , Holland Andrew J. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundCriteria for the pathological classification of adult adrenocortical tumours (ACTs) have been found to overestimate the malignant potential of childhood ACTs. We sought to evaluate the accuracy and utility of criteria developed for paediatric ACT compared to current criteria for adults.MethodsACTs treated between January 2006 and December 2016 in two paediatric institutions were evaluated. Patients classified clinically as malignant (CM) had locally invasive disease at surgery requiring extensive en bloc resection to achieve clear margins, had local recurrence or distant metastasis. Slides were reviewed by pathologists blinded to the clinical outcome. A grade was assigned to each tumor according to the Weiss, Aubert, Wieneke and Dehner‐Hill criteria. The pathological grade was compared to the clinical outcome.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 60 months (interquartile range 25‐80 months). Based on clinical criteria, of 22 patients 14 (64%) had a benign course and eight (34%) behaved malignant. The malignant potential was overestimated by Weiss criteria in 23% and Aubert criteria in 27%. Wieneke and Dehner‐Hill criteria showed good clinicopathological correlation; no child who had a benign course was classified as malignant. The Dehner‐Hill criteria, however, classified five (23%) children as intermediate risk of which three had a clinically benign and two a CM course.ConclusionThe Wieneke criteria accurately predicts the clinical course in childhood ACTs and could be considered the gold standard in their pathological characterization.
Generation of patient‐derived tumor xenografts from percutaneous tumor biopsies in children with bone sarcomas
Authors: Rainusso Nino , Cleveland Heather , Hernandez J. Alberto , Quintanilla Norma M. , Hicks John , Vasudevan Sanjeev , Marco Rex A. W. , Allen‐Rhoades Wendy , Wang Lisa L. , Yustein Jason T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne of the limitations of performing percutaneous biopsies in patients with bone sarcomas is the small amount of tumor that can be obtained for research purposes. Here, we describe our experience developing patient‐derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) using percutaneous tumor biopsies in children with bone sarcomas. We generated 14 bone sarcoma PDXs from percutaneous tumor biopsies. We also developed eight bone sarcoma PDXs from surgical resection of primary bone tumors and pulmonary metastases. A multidisciplinary team approach was critical to establish an accurate diagnosis and to provide adequate tumor samples for PDX generation.
Concise Review: The Endothelial Cell Extracellular Matrix Regulates Tissue Homeostasis and Repair
Authors: Witjas Franca M. R. , van den Berg Bernard M. , van den Berg Cathelijne W. , Engelse Marten A. , Rabelink Ton J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
All tissues are surrounded by a mixture of noncellular matrix components, that not only provide physical and mechanical support to cells, but also mediate biochemical signaling between cells. The extracellular matrix (ECM) of endothelial cells, also known as the perivascular matrix, forms an organ specific vascular niche that orchestrates mechano-, growth factor, and angiocrine signaling required for tissue homeostasis and organ repair. This concise review describes how this perivascular ECM functions as a signaling platform and how this knowledge can impact the field of regenerative medicine, for example, when designing artificial matrices or using decellularized scaffolds from organs. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:375–382
3D Printed Microfluidic Mixers—A Comparative Study on Mixing Unit Performances
Authors: Enders Anton , Siller Ina G. , Urmann Katharina , Hoffmann Michael R. , Bahnemann Janina 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne of the basic operations in microfluidic systems for biological and chemical applications is the rapid mixing of different fluids. However, flow profiles in microfluidic systems are laminar, which means molecular diffusion is the only mixing effect. Therefore, mixing structures are crucial to enable more efficient mixing in shorter times. Since traditional microfabrication methods remain laborious and expensive, 3D printing has emerged as a potential alternative for the fabrication of microfluidic devices. In this work, five different passive micromixers known from literature are redesigned in comparable dimensions and manufactured using high‐definition MultiJet 3D printing. Their mixing performance is evaluated experimentally, using sodium hydroxide and phenolphthalein solutions, and numerically via computational fluid dynamics. Both experimental and numerical analysis results show that HC and Tesla‐like mixers achieve complete mixing after 0.99 s and 0.78 s, respectively, at the highest flow rate (Reynolds number (Re) = 37.04). In comparison, Caterpillar mixers exhibit a lower mixing rate with complete mixing after 1.46 s and 1.9 s. Furthermore, the HC mixer achieves very good mixing performances over all flow rates (Re = 3.7 to 37.04), while other mixers show improved mixing only at higher flow rates.
Recent Progress in Understanding Ion Storage in Self‐Organized Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Auer Andrea , Kunze‐Liebhäuser Julia 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSelf‐organized, anodically grown titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes have been readily studied as anode material in various ion batteries. The simple way of nanostructuring via anodization of a Ti metal substrate and the fact that either their nanotubular morphology or bulk structure can be readily adjusted by changing the anodization and/or annealing conditions make them an attractive model anode material. This enables the investigation of different phenomena by selectively changing one specific parameter of the ion insertion mechanism. This review focuses on the recent progress in understanding the ion storage characteristics of anodic self‐organized TiO2 nanotubes in Li‐, Na‐, and Al‐ion batteries. Insights into the electrochemical behavior of the anode material as well as methodological approaches are highlighted.
Markers of Accelerated Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Response in Murphy Roths Large Mice: Characteristics of Muscle Progenitor Cells and Circulating Factors
Authors: Tseng Chieh , Sinha Krishna , Pan Haiying , Cui Yan , Guo Ping , Lin Chih Yi , Yang Fan , Deng Zhenhan , Eltzschig Holger K. , Lu Aiping , Huard Johnny 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The “super-healing” Murphy Roths Large (MRL/MpJ) mouse possesses a superior regenerative capacity for repair of many tissues, which makes it an excellent animal model for studying molecular and cellular mechanisms during tissue regeneration. As the role of muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) in muscle-healing capacity of MRL/MpJ mice has not been previously studied, we investigated the muscle regenerative capacity of MRL/MpJ mice following muscle injury, and the results were compared to results from C57BL/6J (B6) age-matched control mice. Our results show that muscle healing upon cardiotoxin injury was accelerated in MRL/MpJ mice and characterized by reduced necrotic muscle area, reduced macrophage infiltration, and more regenerated myofibers (embryonic myosin heavy chain+/centronucleated fibers) at 3, 5, and 12 days postinjury, when compared to B6 age-matched control mice. These observations were associated with enhanced function of MPCs, including improved cell proliferation, differentiation, and resistance to stress, as well as increased muscle regenerative potential when compared to B6 MPCs. Mass spectrometry of serum proteins revealed higher levels of circulating antioxidants in MRL/MpJ mice when compared to B6 mice. Indeed, we found relatively higher gene expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) and catalase (Cat) in MRL/MpJ MPCs. Depletion of Sod1 or Cat by small interfering RNA impaired myogenic potential of MRL/MpJ MPCs, indicating a role for these antioxidants in muscle repair. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that improved function of MPCs and higher levels of circulating antioxidants play important roles in accelerating muscle-healing capacity of MRL/MpJ mice. Stem Cells 2019;37:357–367
Experimental determination of codon usage‐dependent selective pressure on high copy‐number genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jossé Lyne , Singh Tarun , von der Haar Tobias 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne of the central hypotheses in the theory of codon usage evolution is that in highly expressed genes, particular codon usage patterns arise because they facilitate efficient gene expression and are thus selected for in evolution. Here, we use plasmid copy number assays and growth rate measurements to explore details of the relationship between codon usage, gene expression level, and selective pressure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We find that when high expression levels are required, optimal codon usage is beneficial and provides a fitness advantage, consistent with evolutionary theory. However, when high expression levels are not required, optimal codon usage is surprisingly and strongly selected against. We show that this selection acts at the level of protein synthesis, and we exclude a number of molecular mechanisms as the source for this negative selective pressure including nutrient and ribosome limitations and proteotoxicity effects. These findings deepen our understanding of the evolution of codon usage bias, as well as the design of recombinant protein expression systems.
Narration in Qualified Media Types
Authors: Elleström Lars 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter illuminates and roughly summarizes some vital concepts and ideas of the whole treatise. Narration in four diverse qualified media types is explored: painting, instrumental music, mathematical equations, and guided tours. These qualified media types are grounded on partly very dissimilar basic media types, which also makes it possible to highlight the fundamental importance of media modalities for narration. The four investigations also illustrate how historically and socially qualified media types establish conventions that facilitate narration. Overall, the four investigations elucidate the usefulness of the theoretical framework developed in the treatise and highlight the media similarities and differences that make narration a profoundly transmedial but media-dependent phenomenon.
Circumscribing Narration
Authors: Elleström Lars 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter puts narration into the area of communication at large. Narration does not exist independently of minds but is a result of people communicating with each other. Therefore, some general concepts for modeling communication and the work of communicating minds are provided, partly influenced by Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotics. The importance of background knowledge for the realization of narration is emphasized and the issue of transmedial narration is related to some influential psychological and cognitive concepts.
Narrating Through Media Modalities
Authors: Elleström Lars 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter explores the fundamental similarities and differences among media types to explain why different media types may narrate to different degrees. Based on a general conceptual framework for analyzing communication and a specific definition of narration, certain basic traits of media products that are significant for both communication at large and narration in particular are pinpointed. These basic traits are described in terms of the material, spatiotemporal, sensorial, and semiotic modalities of media. This conceptual framework makes it possible to distinguish between different ways of categorizing media; the differentiation between basic and qualified media types makes it possible to explain the differing narrative capacities of media types in a more refined way.
Events
Authors: Elleström Lars 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter scrutinizes the essential notion of represented events as a transmedial cornerstone of narration. Events should be understood as sudden or slow changes of conditions. Because events can be both concrete and abstract and generally very diverse, they can be represented by a broad range of media types far beyond the borders of verbal media. The distinction between actions and occurrences further helps to discern among different kinds of narratives: actions are events that result from acts of volition and occurrences are events that do not result from acts of volition. Finally, it is emphasized that some represented events are normally perceived to be more salient than others, which leads to hierarchization.
External Truthfulness
Authors: Elleström Lars 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis chapter proposes some analytical tools for understanding how communication in general and narration in particular can be truthful to what one perceives to be the actual world; how it can achieve external truthfulness. These external connections are scrutinized in terms of various sorts of contiguity, forming the basis for indices that connect narratives to the perceived actual world. The proposed analytical tools are intended to make it possible to understand the many ways in which the represented events in narratives can be connected to phenomena outside the narratives. The standard concept for theorizing this issue within narratology—fictionality—is critiqued and replaced with a multifaceted concept of (lacking) external truthfulness.
Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Perioperative Outcomes of 100 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Kim Hong Kyu , Chai Young Jun , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Berber Eren , Tufano Ralph P. , Kim Hoon Yub 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic transoral thyroidectomy is a recently introduced technique of remote access thyroidectomy. We previously reported the feasibility of the robotic approach (TORT). Nevertheless, experience to date is limited, with scant data on outcomes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Patients with PTC, who underwent TORT at a single center between March 2016 and February 2017, were analyzed.ResultsThere were a total of 100 patients (85 women, 15 men) with a mean age of 40.7 ± 9.8 years, and a mean tumor size of 0.8 ± 0.5 cm. Nine patients underwent a total thyroidectomy, and 91 underwent a lobectomy. The operative time for a total thyroidectomy and lobectomy was 270.0 ± 9.3 and 210.8 ± 32.9 min, respectively. Ipsilateral prophylactic central neck compartment dissection was performed routinely with retrieval of 5.0 ± 3.6 lymph nodes. Perioperative morbidity was present in nine patients including transient recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (n = 1), postoperative bleeding requiring surgical intervention (n = 1), zygomatic bruising (n = 2), chin flap perforation (n = 1), oral commissure tearing (n = 2), and chin dimpling (n = 2). There was no conversion to endoscopic or conventional open thyroid surgery.ConclusionIn this study, TORT could be safely performed in a large series of patients with PTC without serious complications. In selected patients, TORT by experienced surgeons could be considered an alternative approach for remote access thyroidectomy.
Polyphyly in 16S rRNA-Based LVTree Versus Monophyly in Whole-Genome-Based CVTree
Authors: Zuo Guanghong , Qi Ji , Hao Bailin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report an important but long-overlooked manifestation of low-resolution power of 16S rRNA sequence analysis at the species level, namely, in 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic trees polyphyletic placements of closely-related species are abundant compared to those in genome-based phylogeny. This phenomenon makes the demarcation of genera within many families ambiguous in the 16S rRNA-based taxonomy. In this study, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationship for more than ten thousand prokaryote genomes using the CVTree method, which is based on whole-genome information. And many such genera, which are polyphyletic in 16S rRNA-based trees, are well resolved as monophyletic clusters by CVTree. We believe that with genome sequencing of prokaryotes becoming a commonplace, genome-based phylogeny is doomed to play a definitive role in the construction of a natural and objective taxonomy.
A multicenter investigation to characterize the risk for pathogen transmission from healthcare facility sinks
Authors: Gestrich Scott A. , Jencson Annette L. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Livingston Scott H. , Wilson Brigid M. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn 4 hospitals, we demonstrated frequent dispersal of fluorescent tracer and fluoroquinolone-resistant gram-negative bacilli from sink drains to sink bowls and to surfaces outside the bowl. Fluorescent tracer dispersal correlated inversely with the depth of the sink bowl. Modifications in sink design could substantially reduce the risk for pathogen dissemination.
Laboratory recreation of the Draupner wave and the role of breaking in crossing seas
Authors: McAllister M. L. , Draycott S. , Adcock T. A. A. , Taylor P. H. , van den Bremer T. S. 
Published: December 2018

Freak or rogue waves are so called because of their unexpectedly large size relative to the population of smaller waves in which they occur. The 25.6 m high Draupner wave, observed in a sea state with a significant wave height of 12 m, was one of the first confirmed field measurements of a freak wave. The physical mechanisms that give rise to freak waves such as the Draupner wave are still contentious. Through physical experiments carried out in a circular wave tank, we attempt to recreate the freak wave measured at the Draupner platform and gain an understanding of the directional conditions capable of supporting such a large and steep wave. Herein, we recreate the full scaled crest amplitude and profile of the Draupner wave, including bound set-up. We find that the onset and type of wave breaking play a significant role and differ significantly for crossing and non-crossing waves. Crucially, breaking becomes less crest-amplitude limiting for sufficiently large crossing angles and involves the formation of near-vertical jets. In our experiments, we were only able to reproduce the scaled crest and total wave height of the wave measured at the Draupner platform for conditions where two wave systems cross at a large angle.
Temperatures recorded by cosmogenic noble gases since the last glacial maximum in the Maritime Alps
Authors: Tremblay Marissa M. , Shuster David L. , Spagnolo Matteo , Renssen Hans , Ribolini Adriano 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhile proxy records have been used to reconstruct late Quaternary climate parameters throughout the European Alps, our knowledge of deglacial climate conditions in the Maritime Alps is limited. Here, we report temperatures recorded by a new and independent geochemical technique—cosmogenic noble gas paleothermometry—in the Maritime Alps since the last glacial maximum. We measured cosmogenic 3He in quartz from boulders in nested moraines in the Gesso Valley, Italy. Paired with cosmogenic 10Be measurements and 3He diffusion experiments on quartz from the same boulders, the cosmogenic 3He abundances record the temperatures these boulders experienced during their exposure. We calculate effective diffusion temperatures (EDTs) over the last ∼22 ka ranging from 8°C to 25°C. These EDTs, which are functionally related to, but greater than, mean ambient temperatures, are consistent with temperatures inferred from other proxies in nearby Alpine regions and those predicted by a transient general circulation model. In detail, however, we also find different EDTs for boulders from the same moraines, thus limiting our ability to interpret these temperatures. We explore possible causes for these intra-moraine discrepancies, including variations in radiative heating, our treatment of complex helium diffusion, uncertainties in our grain size analyses, and unaccounted-for erosion or cosmogenic inheritance.
Influence of daily 10–85 μg vitamin D supplements during pregnancy and lactation on maternal vitamin D status and mature milk antirachitic activity
Authors: Stoutjesdijk Eline , Schaafsma Anne , Kema Ido P. , van der Molen Jan , Dijck-Brouwer D. A. Janneke , Muskiet Frits A. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPregnant and lactating women and breastfed infants are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. The supplemental vitamin D dose that optimises maternal vitamin D status and breast milk antirachitic activity (ARA) is unclear. Healthy pregnant women were randomised to 10 (n10), 35 (n11), 60 (n11) and 85 (n11) µg vitamin D3/d from 20 gestational weeks (GW) to 4 weeks postpartum (PP). The participants also received increasing dosages of fish oil supplements and a multivitamin. Treatment allocation was not blinded. Parent vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured in maternal plasma at 20 GW, 36 GW and 4 weeks PP, and in milk at 4 weeks PP. Median 25(OH)D and parent vitamin D at 20 GW were 85 (range 25–131) nmol/l and ‘not detectable (nd)’ (range nd–40) nmol/l. Both increased, seemingly dose dependent, from 20 to 36 GW and decreased from 36 GW to 4 weeks PP. In all, 35 µg vitamin D/d was needed to increase 25(OH)D to adequacy (80–249 nmol/l) in >97·5 % of participants at 36 GW, while >85 µg/d was needed to reach this criterion at 4 weeks PP. The 25(OH)D increments from 20 to 36 GW and from 20 GW to 4 weeks PP diminished with supplemental dose and related inversely to 25(OH)D at 20 GW. Milk ARA related to vitamin D3dose, but the infant adequate intake of 513 IU/l was not reached. Vitamin D3dosages of 35 and >85 µg/d were needed to reach adequate maternal vitamin D status at 36 GW and 4 weeks PP, respectively.
ABO blood group antigens may be associated with increased susceptibility to schistosomiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tiongco R.E. , Paragas N.A. , Dominguez M.J. , Lasta S.L. , Pandac J.K. , Pineda-Cortel M.R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSchistosomiasis or bilharzia is a widespread parasitic disease caused by blood flukes of the genusSchistosoma. Some factors have been investigated previously regarding their effect on the pathophysiological mechanism of human schistosomiasis, but the possible influence of the ABO blood group on the severity ofSchistosomainfection has been the most promising. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to further investigate the association of the ABO blood group with schistosomiasis susceptibility. Selected publications were retrieved from PubMed up to 21 August 2018, for related studies written in English. Number of cases (with schistosomiasis) and controls (without schistosomiasis) were extracted across all ABO blood types. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed, pooled and interpreted. Subgroup analysis by the species ofSchistosomainfecting the population and the participants’ ethnicity was also performed. The overall analysis revealed heterogeneity in the outcomes, which warranted the identification of the cause using the Galbraith plot. Post-outlier outcomes of the pooled ORs show that individuals who are not blood type O are more susceptible (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.17–1.67;PA< 0.001) to schistosomiasis than those who are blood type O (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.60–0.85;PA< 0.001). Subgroup analysis yielded the same observations regardless of the species of schistosome and the ethnicity of the participants. Results of this meta-analysis suggest that individuals who are blood type B and A are more susceptible to schistosomiasis than those who are blood type O. However, more studies are needed to confirm our claims.