bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TSG-6 affects anti-cancer drug resistance and angiogenesis in 3D culture system of canine mammary gland tumor cells mimicking the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Lim Ga-Hyun , An Ju-Hyun , Lee Jeong-Hwa , Seo Kyoung-Won , Youn Hwa-Young 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Hypoxia affects tumor growth, angiogenesis, and anti-cancer drug resistance in the tumor microenvironment, and TSG-6 expression is known to influence HIF-1α expression in tumor tissues. In this study, we created TSG-6 knockdown spheroids of canine mammary gland tumor (MGT) cells (CIPp and CIPm) to investigate the effects of TSG-6 on angiogenesis and drug resistance in the tumor microenvironment. Using a siRNA transfection system, we induced TSG-6 knockdown in canine MGT cells and formed TSG-6 knockdown spheroids using an ultra-low adhesion plate. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by treating TSG-6 knockdown spheroids with doxorubicin. Angiogenesis was evaluated by forming vascularized spheroids with canine MGT and endothelial cells (ECs). TSG-6 knockdown led to reduced expression of tumor growth factors and multidrug resistance genes in canine MGT cells, as well as a significant reduction in hypoxic conditions within the spheroids. When treated with doxorubicin, TSG6 knockdown spheroids exhibited decreased viability and increased apoptosis. In a vascularized TSG-6 knockdown spheroid model, TSG6 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of CD31 and tube formation in canine ECs. In conclusion, we created a TSG-6 knockdown spheroid model to investigate the role of TSG6 in the tumor microenvironment. TSG6 knockdown significantly reduced anti-cancer drug resistance and angiogenesis in canine MGT cells. Therefore, TSG6 could be considered a potential therapeutic target for canine MGT.
Investigating the prevalence of malnutrition in children under the age of 6 in the south of Iran from 2018 to 2023: a population-based study
Authors: Tadayyon Maryam , Hoseini Masoumeh , Rahmanian Samira , Abdollahzadeh Pegah , Zahedi Razieh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The global problem of malnutrition, wasting, and obesity in children under 6 years is a significant risk factor for many infectious and non-infectious diseases. Hence, regularly evaluating and monitoring their prevalence is essential. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malnutrition in children under 6 years from 2018 to 2023.
Method
This cross-sectional study conducted on children under 6 years old who were referred to the urban and rural health centers in south Iran for routine health care. The researchers extracted the data from the health electronic records (SIB system) from 2018 to 2023.
Results
This study showed the average prevalence of overweight and obesity is 20%, underweight and severe underweight is 4.9%, wasting and severe wasting is 7.4%, and stunted and severe shortness is 3.8%, 2018 to 2023. The average annual percent change (AAPC) of severe wasting 8.9% (95% CI: 0.1–18.6%), underweight and severe underweight 5.7% (1.4 to 10.3) during the study years. The decreasing trend of stunted, particularly severe stunted, -1.1% (-0.7 to 5.2), the probability of overweight − 1.6% (95% CI: -4.7 to 1.5), and obesity − 1.1% (95% CI: -7 to 5.2) was seen.
Conclusion:
The present study showed the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher than other studies, but the AAPC of it was almost constant. On the other hand, a significant increase in the prevalence of underweight and wasting during the 5 last years. Therefore, managers and health policymakers must pay more attention and have a few interventions to prevent it.
Leveraging Generative AI Synthetic and Social Media Data for Content Generalizability to Overcome Data Constraints in Vision Deep Learning
Authors: Alipour Panteha , Gallegos Erika 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Generalizing deep learning models across diverse content types is a persistent challenge in domains like Facial Emotion Recognition (FER), where datasets often fail to reflect the wide range of emotional responses triggered by different stimuli. This study addresses the issue of content generalizability by comparing FER model performance between models trained on video data collected in a controlled laboratory environment, data extracted from a social media platform (YouTube), and synthetic data generated using Generative Adversarial Networks. The videos focus on facial reactions to advertisements, and the integration of these different data sources seeks to address underrepresented advertisement genres, emotional reactions, and individual diversity. Our FER models leverage Convolutional Neural Networks Xception architecture, which is fine-tuned using category based sampling. This ensures training and validation data represent diverse advertisement categories, while testing data includes novel content to evaluate generalizability rigorously. Precision-recall curves and ROC-AUC metrics are used to assess performance. Results indicate a 7% improvement in accuracy and a 12% increase in precision-recall AUC when combining real-world social media and synthetic data, demonstrating reduced overfitting and enhanced content generalizability. These findings highlight the effectiveness of integrating synthetic and real-world data to build FER systems that perform reliably across more diverse and representative content.
Theoretical solution of stress analysis for spherical shell with oblique opening reinforced by cylindrical coaming under external pressure
Authors: Xiang Yangjun , Yu Rong , Huang Jinhao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Theoretical solution for maximum stress of spherical thin shell with a cylindrical coaming reinforced oblique opening under external pressure have been investigated in the present research. Base on the plain theory, stress concentration factor of an elliptic opening has been established. Then, theoretical method has been established by modifying membrane stress with consideration of coaming reinforcement effect and influence of oblique offset angle of the cylindrical coaming. Results show that the junction line of the sphere and the cylinder suffer the maximum stress concentration, maximum stress increases rapidly when the offset angle of the coaming increases. The present theoretical results match well with experimental results and numerical simulation results. Compared to the experimental results and numerical results, relative error would be less than 10% when the offset angle is lower than 45o. The present theoretical method would predict the maximum stress of shell with oblique opening with acceptable accuracy, and would be an effective method for rapid prediction of pressure hull design in engineering application.
Statistical Analysis of Interplanetary Parameters in Geomagnetic Storm Activity during Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Shaji Shehina , Sheoran Shashikant , MAHLAWAT VANDANA 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The major disturbances in the magnetic field of Earth due to the disruptions in the interplanetary space are known as geomagnetic storms. The presence of mass ejections by the corona in the interplanetary region (ICME) and interplanetary shock (IP shock) plays a significant role in producing disturbances in geomagnetic activity. IP shocks are the predecessors of geomagnetic storms. The magnetic field of interplanetary space and parameters of solar wind increase sharply at the IP shock. Relation of interplanetary parameters linked with geomagnetic disturbances in the 24th cycle of solar activity (2009–2016) were examined. 19 major (− 300 < Dst ≤ − 100 nT) geomagnetic storms are observed during the cycle and they are classified based on the intensities of Dst minima. Geomagnetic activity of solar cycle 24 is found to be low. Peak solar wind speeds at main phase of intense and great geomagnetic storms are found to be in the range 398–775 km/s. Maximum number of storms occurred closest to maximum (2012–2014) of solar cycle. Great storms are identified during the phases of declining time of solar cycle 24 (2015).
Temperature-insensitive nanomechanical clocks in CMOS oxides
Authors: Tabrizian Roozbeh , Gao Jinghan , Tharpe Troy , Liu Nuohao , Hakim Faysal , Jabbari Banafsheh , Szlufarska Izabela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

For nearly a century, quartz has been the material of choice for stable clock generation due to its temperature-insensitive stiffness, which enables mechanical oscillations with frequency instability as low as a few parts per million (ppm) across extended temperature ranges. However, the specialized processing of quartz prevents its integration within complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) chips. The reliance on off-chip quartz clocks limits central processing units from fully utilizing emerging massively parallel computing architectures, where spatially and spectrally distributed, independent clocking is essential for achieving high speed and low power consumption. Additionally, quartz lacks inherent frequency-tuning mechanisms, limiting its ability to reduce instability levels below the part-per-billion (ppb) range, as required for precision timekeeping applications. In this work, we present an approach to match and even surpass the temperature stability of quartz in nanomechanical resonators implemented using oxides available in CMOS processes. By leveraging the composition-dependent phase transformations, we engineer the stiffness of hafnium-zirconium oxide (HZO) to complement the temperature characteristics of amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2). This enables the creation of temperature-insensitive HZO-SiO2 nano-resonators with frequency drifts as small as 9 ppm over a 120°C range. Furthermore, by exploiting the electric-field control of HZO’s structure, we actively tune stiffness, reducing the temperature instability of HZO-SiO2 nano-resonators to ± 0.25 ppb. This advancement opens the possibility of replacing off-chip clocks with on-chip nanoscale alternatives that offer significantly higher stability.
Effect of Obesity Pharmacotherapy on anthropometrics, metabolic parameters and blood pressure in patients with obesity or overweight: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Abedi-yekta Amirhosein , Hassabi Mohammad , esfahani Mehrshad poursaied , Aliabbar Shiva 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The effects of obesity pharmacotherapy on anthropometric and cardiometabolic indicators have been a discrepancy in the reviewed studies. This umbrella review aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity pharmacotherapy on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in patients with obesity or overweight. Methods: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were searched by two independent researchers using mesh terms until November 2023. Exposure consisted of pharmacotherapy for obesity with one of the (orlistat, sibutramine, phentermine, lorcaserin, liraglutide, and naltrexone for at least six months). Changes in anthropometric indicators (weight loss, body mass index, and waist circumference), metabolic changes (triglycerides, cholesterol, and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were investigated as outcomes of the study. The AMSTAR2 checklist was used to assess the quality of the studies, and Cochran’s tests were used to assess heterogeneity between studies. In total, 28 meta-analyses were included. Results: The pooled estimate showed that obesity pharmacotherapy was significantly associated with weight reduction (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -5.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.13, -3.91), BMI (SMD: -1.60, 95% CI: -1.84, -1.35), and waist circumference (SMD: -3.11, 95%CI: -4.78, -1.45). In addition, Obesity Pharmacotherapy significantly reduced cholesterol, triglyceride, and HbA1C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: This umbrella showed that Obesity pharmacotherapy, regardless of the type of drug, was associated with a decrease in anthropometric, metabolic, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure indicators. Sibutramine, orlistat, and liraglutide had the greatest effect on reducing the anthropometric indices. Orlistat had the greatest effect in reducing mean HbA1C. According to the Amstar2 checklist, most studies included in this umbrella were of high and moderate quality.
Patterns and Determinants of Physical Violence Against Women in Malawi
Authors: Mzumara Thokozani , Maunda Philip , Mbotwa Mary , Nambala Cecilia , Kaonga Byenala , Lubanga Adriano Focus , Bwanali Akim Nelson , Munthali George N. C. , Banda Lazarus Obed Livingstone , Sibande Mary Kumwanje 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Physical assault remains a major contributing factor to the burden of trauma globally. The burden is mainly shouldered by countries in the lower and middle-income economies compared to high-income countries.
Aim
The study aimed to ascertain the pattern of physical attack (PA) and its associated factors among Malawian women.
Method
The study employed secondary data from a multiple indicator cluster survey conducted by UNICEF and the National Statistical Office, Malawi, which is publicly available. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 27, and R version 4.3.3 was used to create graphs and tables. The Chi-square test was used in bivariate analysis, and the independent t-test was used to assess mean differences between variables. The binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of independent variables on the likelihood of the dependent variable. A p-value p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The study found that about 4.5% of women in Malawi have been physically attacked. According to bivariate analysis, PA was associated with marital status (p < 0.001), region (p < 0.001), school attendance (p = 0.002), use of contraceptives (p = 0.021), and use of the internet (p < 0.001). The logistic regression model was statistically significantχ2(8) = 393.272.402, p < .0001. The model explained 5% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in physical attack. The model correctly identifies 95.5% of the cases. Used internet (p = 0.02), region (p < 0.001), ever-drunk alcohol (p < 0.001), marital status (p = 0.007), and functional difficulties (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of physical attack in the model
Conclusion
The physical attack has a widespread disparity influenced by marital status and the ever-drunk alcohol region, highlighting geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic differences and calling for a multisectoral approach to curb violence against women of reproductive age in Malawi.
Device Management in the Internet of Medical Things: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ostermann Max , Freyer Oscar , Jahed Fatemeh , Gilbert Stephen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) represents a transformative frontier in healthcare, enabling advancements in remote patient monitoring (RPM) and Hospital-at-Home (HaH) care. Central to realizing the potential of IoMT is effective device management (DM), encompassing provisioning, maintenance, firmware updates, and security assurance to ensure device reliability, interoperability, and regulatory compliance. This systematic review investigates the current academic landscape, challenges, and best practices in IoMT DM. Following PRISMA guidelines, 18 studies were identified, focusing on architectures, security, networking, and machine learning integration. Findings reveal the critical role of gateway architectures in addressing heterogeneity and enhancing data security while supporting edge computing capabilities. Despite progress in individual DM components, comprehensive solutions tailored to IoMT remain scarce. Emerging fields, including predictive maintenance using AI and software-defined networking (SDN), offer opportunities for future exploration. Challenges such as cybersecurity vulnerabilities, regulatory compliance, and managing device diversity highlight the need for standardized protocols and holistic DM frameworks. This review underscores the imperative to align technological innovation with regulatory demands to unlock the full potential of IoMT while safeguarding patient safety and data integrity.
Neural Synthesis through Probabilistic Layer Decomposition in Large Language Models
Authors: Beaumont Phillip , Harrington Genevieve , Pemberton Rosalind , Johansson Greta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Probabilistic Layer Decomposition (PLD) introduces a novel framework for enhancing the interpretability and computational efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs). By assigning variable weights to each layer, PLD allows individual components of the architecture to contribute variably to the generation of linguistic representations. This probabilistic approach introduces uncertainty into layer interactions, which enhances the model’s ability to reconcile ambiguous or conflicting input data while maintaining computational coherence. The decomposition process relies on probabilistic matrix factorization techniques, partitioning the weight matrices into interpretable subcomponents, enabling the model to segment contextual understanding across hierarchical structures. Consequently, PLD offers a more transparent framework for understanding the internal mechanisms of LLMs, facilitating the identification of specific layers responsible for particular linguistic tasks. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that PLD models achieve convergence in fewer epochs across various tasks, suggesting improved training efficiency. Additionally, the probabilistic nature of PLD facilitates improved modularity within the model by separating deterministic operations from stochastic contributions. The proposed framework utilizes Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling to optimize layer specific parameters, ensuring a balance between computational efficiency and representational fidelity. The incorporation of a hierarchical prior distribution allows the architecture to impose constraints on the layer activation probabilities, resulting in more structured and interpretable pathways for information flow. The integration of these probabilistic mechanisms establishes a foundation for reducing redundancies in layer operations while preserving the contextual depth required for high-performance linguistic tasks.
#1 – Digitalisierung in der Krise Teil 1
Authors: Merz Redaktion , Schwinge Christiane , Sonnenschein Sabine 
Published: November 2024

Die merz gibt es jetzt auch auf die Ohren!
‚Flucht nach vorne – Digitalisierung in der Krise‘ wird unsere erste merz-Ausgabe 2021 heißen – und über dieses Thema sprechen wir in unserer ersten Podcast-Folge mit Christiane Schwinge von der Initiative Creative Gaming (1:30-26:20) und Sabine Sonnenschein, Medienpädagogin am jfc Medienzentrum in Köln (ab Minute 26:30). Beide berichten in den Interviews von den Herausforderungen sowie den Hochs und Tiefs des coronabedingten Digitalisierungsschubs. Dabei gibt es nicht nur exklusive Einblicke in die Arbeit dieser beiden renommierten Medienpädagoginnen, sondern auch viele Anregungen für die eigene medienpädagogische Arbeit.
Steckbrief 2084
Authors: Radoslavov Stoyan , Wörz Fabian 
Published: November 2024

Wir schreiben das Jahr 2084. Digitale Technologien, Big Data und Künstliche Intelligenz haben unser Zusammenleben grundlegend verändert. Auf Basis zahlreicher Daten errechnen lernende Algorithmen ein progressives Gesellschaftssystem, das alle sozialen Spannungen beseitigen soll. In seinem Kern pulsiert Harmony Score – ein digitales Bewertungssystem, das allen Gesellschaftsmitgliedern Punkte vergibt. Durch ihr Verhalten können Individuen Statuspunkte sammeln und im dynamischen Gesellschaftsranking auf- oder absteigen. Abhängig von Ihrem Status bekommen die Individuen unterschiedliche Rechte und Privilegien zugeteilt – so konditionieren die Bewertungsalgorithmen von Harmony Score Menschen zu ihrem eigenen Wohl und im Sinne einer besseren Gesellschaft. Transparent. Effizient. Fair.
БУДДИЙСКАЯ ЭТИКА И «ДУХ КАПИТАЛИЗМА»(о роли буддизма в социально-экономическом развитии и модернизации Японии)
Authors: М.С. Уланов , В.Н. Бадмаев 
Published: November 2024

Статья посвящена анализу роли буддизма в социально-экономическом развитии и модернизации Японии. Буддизм оказал значительное влияние на формирование хозяйственной культуры и деловой этики в Японии. В силу своеобразного историко-культурного развития в рамках японской буддийской традиции сформировалась трудовая этика, которая в значительной степени напоминала протестантскую. Такие «протестантские» ценности, как трудолюбие, бережливость, дисциплина, самоограничение и т.д., были характерны и для японского буддизма. Именно они способствовали формированию в Японии хорошо организованного и готового к модернизации общества с эффективной трудовой этикой и высокой социальной дисциплиной. «Буддийский капитализм», тесно связанный с монастырскими рынками, заложил надежную институциональную основу для формирования светского капитализма. Исторический пример развития японского буддизма подтверждает идею об автохтонных истоках местного капитализма и свидетельствует об экономическом и модернизационном потенциале буддийской культуры. Отражением особенностей национальной религиозной традиции Японии является современная японская деловая этика и корпоративная культура, имеющие буддийские истоки.
The article focuses on the role of Buddhism in the socio-economic development and the modernization of Japan. The authors note that Buddhism has had a significant impact on the formation of economic culture and business ethics in Japan. Historical and cultural development in the Japanese Buddhist tradition influenced on the formation of the work ethics, which greatly resembled Protestantism. The “protestant” values, such as hard work, thrift, discipline, self-restraint, etc., were largely typical for Japanese Buddhism. They effected on the establishment in Japan well organized and ready for modernization society with the efficient work ethics of high social discipline. Japanese Buddhism contributed to the development of the capitalist relations here and socio-economic modernization of the country. «Buddhist capitalism», closely associated with monastic markets laid a solid institutional basis for the formation of secular capitalism here. Historical example of the development of Japanese Buddhism, of course, supports the idea of the autochthonous origins of local capitalism and demonstrates the economic potential and the modernization of Buddhist culture. Reflection of the peculiarities of the national religious tradition of Japan is the modern Japanese business ethics and corporate culture with Buddhist origins.
«Она привела меня к баптистам, а я ее к пятидесятникам».СПЕЦИФИКА КОММУНИКАТИВНЫХ ПРАКТИКЕВАНГЕЛЬСКИХ ОБЩИН В ПОЗДНЕМ СССР
Authors: Н.А. Белякова , В.П. Клюева 
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматриваются особенности коммуникативных практик внутри евангельского сообщества в позднем СССР. Специфика советского евангельского сообщества заключается в том, что в одном пространстве должны были сосуществовать деноминации с разными теологическими и обрядовыми основаниями. Коммуникативные практики имели разнонаправленный характер, наиболее яркой была деструктивная практика эскалации конфликта, завершающаяся выходом из официальной общины части верующих. Источниковая база включает в себя устные нарративы и эго-документы (письма и воспоминания) советских верующих.
The article analyzes the communication practices within the Evangelical community in the late USSR. A specificity of the Soviet Evangelical community was the fact that it consisted of denominations with different theological basis and ritual practice. Communication practices were different. The most notable of them was the destructive practice of escalation of the conflict. Some of the believers left the official community to end the conflict. The main sources for the analysis are letters and memoirs, as well as interviews conducted according to Oral history method.