bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a PCR‐based method to monitor arthropod dispersal in agroecosystems: Macrolophus pygmaeus (Hemiptera: Miridae) from banker plants to tomato crops
Authors: Agustí Nuria , Castañé Cristina , Fraile Irene , Alomar Oscar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDevelopment of conservation biological control programs requires the identification of sources that contribute to predator colonization of crops. Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an efficient polyphagous predator used in biological control programs in vegetable crops in Europe. We have developed a marking method based on spraying with a solution of the brine shrimp Artemia spp. (Anostraca: Artemiidae) cysts, followed by a PCR detection of Artemia DNA to monitor M. pygmaeus dispersal from banker plants to tomato crops. Experiments conducted in climatic chambers show that the topical application of this marking solution on M. pygmaeus does not significantly reduce adult longevity and that it is detected up to 6 d after the application. When this Artemia solution was applied on Calendula officinalis L. banker plants harboring M. pygmaeus and maintained outdoors, Artemia DNA was still detected on 62% of the insects after 6 d. The conducted field applications in commercial greenhouses have confirmed the usefulness of this method to monitor M. pygmaeus dispersal from banker plants to a newly planted tomato crop. This method can be used to assess arthropod movement, being an interesting molecular approach for further improving future pest management strategies.
Purple non‐sulphur bacteria and plant production: benefits for fertilization, stress resistance and the environment
Authors: Sakarika Myrsini , Spanoghe Janne , Sui Yixing , Wambacq Eva , Grunert Oliver , Haesaert Geert , Spiller Marc , Vlaeminck Siegfried E. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPurple non‐sulphur bacteria (PNSB) are phototrophic microorganisms, which increasingly gain attention in plant production due to their ability to produce and accumulate high‐value compounds that are beneficial for plant growth. Remarkable features of PNSB include the accumulation of polyphosphate, the production of pigments and vitamins and the production of plant growth‐promoting substances (PGPSs). Scattered case studies on the application of PNSB for plant cultivation have been reported for decades, yet a comprehensive overview is lacking. This review highlights the potential of using PNSB in plant production, with emphasis on three key performance indicators (KPIs): fertilization, resistance to stress (biotic and abiotic) and environmental benefits. PNSB have the potential to enhance plant growth performance, increase the yield and quality of edible plant biomass, boost the resistance to environmental stresses, bioremediate heavy metals and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Here, the mechanisms responsible for these attributes are discussed. A distinction is made between the use of living and dead PNSB cells, where critical interpretation of existing literature revealed the better performance of living cells. Finally, this review presents research gaps that remain yet to be elucidated and proposes a roadmap for future research and implementation paving the way for a more sustainable crop production.
Which is the worst risk factor for the long‐term clinical outcome? Comparison of long‐term clinical outcomes between antecedent hypertension and diabetes mellitus in South Korean acute myocardial infarction patients after stent implantation
Authors: Kim Yong Hoon , Her Ae‐Young , Jeong Myung Ho , Kim Byeong‐Keuk , Hong Sung‐Jin , Kim Seunghwan , Ahn Chul‐Min , Kim Jung‐Sun , Ko Young‐Guk , Choi Donghoon , Hong Myeong‐Ki , Jang Yangsoo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major risk factors for the cardiovascular disease. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the long‐term clinical outcomes between antecedent hypertension and DM in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients after stent implantation.MethodsA total of 32 938 eligible AMI patients were enrolled and divided into the four groups according to the presence or absence of hypertension and DM (hypertension −/DM −[group A, 13 773 patients], hypertension +/DM −[group B, 10 395 patients], hypertension −/DM + [group C, 3050 patients], and hypertension +/DM + [group D, 5720 patients]). The clinical endpoint was the cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) defined as all‐cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction (Re‐MI) and any repeat revascularization during the 2‐year follow‐up period.ResultsAfter adjustment, the cumulative incidence of MACEs (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.232; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.982‐1.567; P = .071), all‐cause death, and e‐MI Re‐MI were similar between the group B and C. However, the cumulative incidences of any repeat revascularization (aHR, 1.438; 95% CI, 1.062‐1.997; P = .007), target lesion revascularization (TLR) (aHR, 2.467; 95% CI, 1.552‐3.922; P < .001), and target vessel revascularization (TVR) (aHR, 1.671; 95% CI, 1.256‐2.222; P < .001) were significantly higher in group C compared with group B.ConclusionsThis large number of a nonrandomized and multicenter cohort study clearly demonstrated the detrimental impacts of the hypertension and diabetes on long‐term clinical outcomes. Moreover, higher incidence of repeat revascularization after PCI in diabetic AMI patients a major concern until recently.
Perineuronal nets in the insula regulate aversion‐resistant alcohol drinking
Authors: Chen Hu , Lasek Amy W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOne of the most pernicious characteristics of alcohol use disorder is the compulsion to drink despite negative consequences. The insular cortex controls decision making under conditions of risk or conflict. Cortical activity is tightly controlled by inhibitory interneurons that are often enclosed by specialized extracellular matrix structures known as perineuronal nets (PNNs), which regulate neuronal excitability and plasticity. The density of PNNs in the insula increases after repeated bouts of binge drinking, suggesting that they may play a role in the transition from social to compulsive, or aversion‐resistant, drinking. Here, we investigated whether insular PNNs play a role in aversion‐resistant alcohol drinking using a mouse model in which ethanol was adulterated with the bitter tastant quinine. Disrupting PNNs in the insula rendered mice more sensitive to quinine‐adulterated ethanol but not ethanol alone. Activation of the insula, as measured by c‐fos expression, occurred during aversion‐resistant drinking and was further enhanced by elimination of PNNs. These results demonstrate that PNNs control the activation of the insula during aversion‐resistant drinking and suggest that proper excitatory/inhibitory balance is important for decision making under conditions of conflict. Disrupting PNNs in the insula or optimizing insula activation may be a novel strategy to reduce aversion‐resistant drinking
Hypoxic ventilatory response after rocuronium‐induced partial neuromuscular blockade in men with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Christensson E. , Ebberyd A. , Hårdemark Cedborg A. , Lodenius Å. , Österlund Modalen Å. , Franklin K. A. , Eriksson L. I. , Jonsson Fagerlund M. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryObstructive sleep apnoea and residual neuromuscular blockade are, independently, known to be risk factors for respiratory complications after major surgery. Residual effects of neuromuscular blocking agents are known to reduce the hypoxic ventilatory response in healthy volunteers. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea have impaired control of breathing, but it is not known to what extent neuromuscular blocking agents interfere with the regulation of breathing in such patients. In a physiological study in 10 unsedated men with untreated obstructive sleep apnoea, we wished to examine if partial neuromuscular blockade had an effect on hypoxic ventilatory response (isocapnic hypoxia to oxygen saturation of 80%) and hypercapnic ventilatory response (normoxic inspired carbon dioxide 5%). The hypoxic ventilatory response was reduced by 32% (p = 0.016) during residual neuromuscular block (rocuronium to train‐of‐four ratio 0.7), but the hypercapnic ventilatory response was unaffected. We conclude that neuromuscular blockade specifically depresses peripheral chemosensitivity, and not respiratory muscle function since the hypercapnic ventilatory response was unaffected.
Early weaning versus prolonged administration of aqueous suppressants for prevention of hyperencapsulation in paediatric Ahmed glaucoma valve
Authors: Rateb Mahmoud F. , Eldaly Zeiad H. , Soliman Wael M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the role of early and prolonged administration of aqueous suppressants in reduction of hyperencapsulation and intraocular pressure (IOP) control after paediatric Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.MethodsA prospective randomized interventional study recruited children who had AGV implantation for paediatric glaucoma. All patients received postoperative Timolol 0.5% for either 12 months (Group A) or 3 months (Group B). Additional IOP‐reducing medications were added if IOP exceeded 21 mmHg or hyperencapsulation developed in either group. Primary outcome measures were rate of hyperencapsulation and reduction of IOP.ResultsEighty sex children completed the 12‐month follow‐up visits. Baseline IOP was significantly reduced from 31.95 ± 9.1 to 16.94 ± 3.4 mmHg at 12 months in Group A and from 32.7 ± 7.4 to 19.85 ± 6.9 mmHg at 12 months in Group B. IOP was significantly lower in Group A than B at 6‐, 9‐ and 12‐month follow‐up visits. In the first 4 months, the hyperencapsulation rate was similar in both Group A (six eyes, 13.3%) and Group B (seven eyes, 17.1%). However, the hyperencapsulation rate was significantly lower in Group A than B at both 6 months (22.5% versus 36.6%) and 12 months (31.1% versus 46.3%). Anti‐glaucoma medications were significantly lower in Group A than B at both 6 months (1.3 versus 3.2 drugs) and 12 months (1.5 versus 3.6 drugs).ConclusionEarly and prolonged use of aqueous suppressants significantly reduced the rate of hyperencapsulation and provided better IOP control after paediatric AGV implantation.
Change in peripapillary and macular choroidal thickness change in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without visual impairment or diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Li Tao , Jia Yan , Wang Shanshan , Xu Yi , Yin Yao , Wang Anken , Gao Lu , Xu Xian , Yang Chenhao , Zou Haidong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo study the characteristics of choroid thickness (CT) of the optic disc and macula in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without visual impairment and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and analyse associated factors.MethodsA square area of 6 × 6 mm around the centre of the optic disc and macula was scanned. The indices analysed mainly included CT at the macular centre (1 mm), and temporal, superior, nasal or inferior aspect of the inner ring (1–3 mm) and outer ring of (3–6 mm) optic disc and macula. Independent risk factors were analysed using multifactor linear regression.ResultsA total of 44 children with T1DM and 48 healthy subjects were enrolled. The diabetic group showed significant increase in the inferior inner ring of parapapillary CT (100.99 ± 30.42 μm versus 89.41 ± 34.00 μm, p = 0.04) and nasal outer ring of parapapillary CT (157.02 ± 47.35 μm versus 131.15 ± 35.17 μm, p = 0.01) as compared to those values in the healthy controls. Spherical equivalent refraction and family history of hypertension are independent factors of both peripappillary choroid thickness (PPCT) and macular choroid thickness (PMCT). Spherical equivalent refraction (p = 0.01) and serum cholesterol (p = 0.03) were independent factors of the inferior inner ring of parapapillary CT, whereas family history of hypertension was an independent factor of the nasal outer ring of parapapillary CT (p = 0.001).ConclusionIn children with diabetes without DR or visual impairment, the CT increase in nasal outer ring of parapapillary (PPNO) and the inferior inner ring of parapapillary (PPII) may be the characteristic pre‐DR alteration at the early stage of DM. For children with higher serum cholesterol and family history of hypertension, the change of the nasal outer ring of parapapillary CT and the inferior inner ring of parapapillary CT may be more advanced.
As‐indicated versus routine vision screening of preterm children: a 17‐year retrospective regional study
Authors: Welinder Lotte , Bender Lars , Eriksen Helle Højmark , Nissen Kamilla Rothe , Ebbesen Finn 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate outcomes of routine vision screening compared to as‐indicated ophthalmological investigation of all children born preterm in a Danish region from 1997 to 2014.MethodsAll children born preterm (gestation age < 32 weeks or birthweight < 1500 g) screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were divided into two groups. From 1997 to 2009, only children treated for ROP or referred for visual problems received ophthalmological investigation (as‐indicated group). From 2010 to 2014, all ROP‐screened infants were offered ophthalmological investigation at 6 months and 3 years of age (screening group).ResultsA total of 560 children were included in the as‐indicated period, 41 and 87 were referred for ophthalmological investigation at 6 months and 3 years, respectively. In the screening period, 295 children were included, 251 and 150 of whom underwent vision evaluation at 6 months and 3 years, respectively. Mean visual acuity was 4.1 cycles per degree with Teller acuity cards at 6 months and 0.78 decimal at 3 years. At 3 years, 2.7%(n = 11) in the as‐indicated versus 3.5%(n = 10) screening group had visual acuity < 6/18 (p = 0.24). Cerebral palsy (n = 28) and epilepsy (n = 5) were significantly related to vision impairment (p = 0.001/0.006), while treated ROP was not (n = 13). Refractive error was common at 3 years (61%), especially astigmatism (50%). Gestational age, birthweight and ROP were not associated with vision impairment or refractive error.ConclusionScreening preterm children at 6 months and 3 years did not reveal more visually impaired children compared to examination when indicated.
Comparison of two different treat‐and‐extend protocols with aflibercept in wet age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Taipale Claudia , Lindholm Juha‐Matti , Laine Ilkka , Tuuminen Raimo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo optimize the aflibercept treat‐and‐extend protocol in wet age‐related macular degeneration (wAMD).MethodsA prospective randomized clinical trial consisting of 52 eyes from 52 patients with treatment‐naïve wAMD. Patients received three monthly aflibercept injections and were then randomized 1:1 to two different dosing protocols. In treat‐and‐extend protocol with moderate extensions (T&Em), after the loading phase the treatment interval was extended 1 week at a time up to 12 weeks and then by 2 weeks up to 16 weeks. In treat‐and‐extend protocol with rapid extensions (T&Er), the interval was first extended to 8 weeks and then by 2 weeks at a time up to 16 weeks. Main outcome measure was the number of given aflibercept injections.ResultsFifty (96%) patients completed the 1‐year follow‐up. Patient and ophthalmic baseline variables were comparable between the study groups. At 1 year, central subfield macular thickness reduced by 194.3 ± 153.6 μm in T&Em protocol, compared with 194.2 ± 176.6 μm in T&Er (p = 0.997). Eyes with T&Em gained 10.3 ± 11.5 letters from baseline and eyes with T&Er 11.4 ± 10.6 letters (p = 0.434), and dry macula was observed in 72% of eyes with T&Em compared to 68% with T&Er (p = 0.758). At 1 year, the treatment interval was 8.5 ± 2.2 weeks in T&Em and 10.3 ± 2.8 weeks in T&Er (p = 0.017), and the total number of injections 8.64 ± 1.58 and 6.96 ± 0.79, respectively (p < 0.001). In the rapid extensions protocol, 48% of eyes reached a 12‐week treatment interval or beyond at 1 year.ConclusionsAt one year, the anatomical and functional responses were comparable between the moderate and rapid extensions protocols, with fewer aflibercept injections in the rapid extension protocol.
Reactive oxygen species, not Ca2+, mediates methotrexate‐induced autophagy and apoptosis in spermatocyte cell line
Authors: Xiong Suping , Song Dandan , Xiang Yang , Li Yanting , Zhong Yuanyuan , Li Hongjin , Zhang Peng , Zhou Wenwen , Zeng Xuhui , Zhang Xiaoning 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMethotrexate (MTX) is widely used to treat cancers and systemic autoimmune diseases. However, it is severely toxic to healthy cells, especially those of the reproductive system, and therefore poses a great risk to patient fertility. In addition, the underlying mechanism of MTX‐induced reproductive toxicity has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, a spermatocyte cell line (GC2) was used as an in vitro model system to determine whether MTX induces autophagy and apoptosis, and to elucidate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ in these two processes. Treatment with MTX resulted in a dramatic decrease in cell viability, inhibition of cell proliferation, collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase 3, suggesting that MTX induced apoptosis. Moreover, MTX activated autophagy, as indicated by conversion of LC3‐I to LC3‐II (microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3) and an increase in the number of LC3 puncta. Furthermore, MTX triggered ROS overproduction, rather than a Ca2+ burst. Intriguingly, eliminating excess ROS significantly alleviated MTX‐induced apoptosis and autophagy. In addition, inhibiting autophagy significantly reversed apoptosis and promoted cell survival, indicating that autophagy aggravated MTX‐induced apoptosis in GC2 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS signalling, not Ca2+, is critical in mediating MTX‐induced autophagy and apoptosis and autophagy serves as a promoted partner of apoptosis to deteriorate MTX‐induced cytotoxicity in GC2 cells. The findings from this study provide new perspectives for evaluating the reproductive toxicity of MTX.
Fertility preservation in Turner syndrome: Karyotype does not predict ovarian response to stimulation
Authors: Vergier Julia , Bottin Pauline , Saias Jacqueline , Reynaud Rachel , Guillemain Catherine , Courbiere Blandine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTurner syndrome (TS) is responsible for gonadal dysgenesis with high risk of premature ovarian insufficiency. Little is known about fertility preservation (FP) strategies is this population.DesignData from women with TS consulting with a fertility specialist in our FP centre from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively collected.MeasurementTotal number of mature oocytes cryopreserved using vitrification.PatientsNine women with TS were referred. Three women with different karyotypes underwent controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) for oocyte vitrification. Mean age at TS diagnosis was 13.7 years [9‐20]. Mean referral delay between TS diagnosis and fertility consultation was 9.7 years [7‐14]. First counselling for FP was provided at 23.7 years [18‐28]. Mean AMH serum level prior to COS was 53.8 pmol/L [3.6‐95].ResultsAll three women succeeded in obtaining cryopreserved oocytes with a mean number of 15.3 per woman [9‐20] and 9.2 per COS cycle [2‐20]. Ovarian response to COS was unexpectedly remarkable for the woman with a complete 45,X monosomy. Procedure was well tolerated for all women. None of them have used oocytes for in vitro fertilization yet.ConclusionsIndependently of karyotype, antral follicular count, AMH and FSH levels seemed to be reliable predictive markers of oocyte cryopreservation success. In a monosomic TS woman, cryptic ovarian mosaicism could explain a successful ovarian response to stimulation with a high number of retrieved oocytes. In case of spontaneous menarche, TS adolescents should be referred during transition to adulthood for FP counselling to avoid referral delay and limit time‐related diminished ovarian reserve.
Genetic scores for BMI related to metabolically unhealthy obesity in an older Chinese population
Authors: Yang Shan‐Shan , Wang Yiyan , He Yao , Xu Lin , Jin Yali , Zhang Wei‐Sen , Jiang Chao‐Qiang , Cheng Kar Keung , Lam Tai Hing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, a genetic risk score (GRS) for the body mass index (BMI) tested and built using a large sample of Chinese individuals aged at least 50 years in southern China. We collected information regarding the participants’ weights at 20 years of age and middle age and tested the BMI‐GRS effect modes.MethodsThis study involved a prospective study design. The genetic data of the participants in from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study and selected BMI‐related single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to establish the GRS.ResultsWe included 13 597 participants with 12 SNPs. After adjusting for covariates, the high‐GRS group was 36% (95% CI: 25%‐48%) and 34% (95% CI: 23%‐47%) more likely of being overweight at baseline and follow‐up, respectively, and 56% (95% CI: 34%‐82%) and 49% (95% CI: 29%‐72%) more likely of being obese at baseline and follow‐up, respectively, compared with the low‐GRS group (P‐value for all trends <.05). The RRs for the incidences of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese (MHO and MUO, respectively) individuals in the high‐GRS group were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.65‐1.35) and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.00‐1.63), respectively.ConclusionHigh‐GRS participants were more likely to be overweight/obese at baseline and follow‐up, and this relationship exhibited a dose‐response relationship. The GRS was also associated with MUO.
Urogenital and pelvic complications in the Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes and associated hypermobility spectrum disorders: A scoping review
Authors: Gilliam Elizabeth , Hoffman Jodi D. , Yeh Gloria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes (EDS) and associated hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) are a heterogenous group of connective tissue disorders associated with significant morbidity. The urogenital aspects of these disorders are understudied and there is little guidance on the prevalence, types, or outcomes of urogenital complications in EDS/HSD. Our objective was to perform a scoping review to characterize and synthesize the literature reporting urogenital and pelvic complications in EDS/HSD patients. We performed a systematic search of three databases (Medline, CINAHL, Embase) to January 2019. English language, full‐text articles reporting on urogenital or pelvic complications in EDS/HSD were included. A total of 105 studies were included (62 case reports/series, 43 observational) involving patients with hypermobile (23%), vascular (20%), classical (12%) EDS, and HSD (24%). Some studies looked at multiple subtypes (11%) or did not report subtype (33%). Reported complications included urinary (41%), gynecological (36%), obstetrical (25%), renal (9%), and men's health problems (7%), with some studies reporting on multiple areas. Urinary and gynecological complications were most prevalent in patients with HSD, while a broad range of complications were reported in EDS. While further research is required, results suggest a higher index of suspicion for urogenital problems is probably warranted in this population.