bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winning or not losing? The impact of non-pain goal focus on attentional bias to learned pain signals
Authors: Schrooten Martien G.S. , Van Damme Stefaan , Crombez Geert , Kindermans Hanne , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
Insights into the nature of cognitive bias, including attentional bias to threat signals, are considered pivotal to understanding (chronic) pain and related distress. It has been put forward that attention to pain-related threat is normally dynamic and relates to the motivational state of the individual. In this experiment we aimed (i) to replicate the finding that attentional bias for pain signals in healthy participants can be reduced when a non-pain goal is pursued, and (ii) to extend this finding by taking into account the outcome focus of the non-pain goal. We hypothesised that the reduction in attentional bias for pain signals by concurrent non-pain goal pursuit would be stronger with non-pain prevention goals than with promotion goals.

Methods
Healthy university students performed an attentional bias task (i.e. spatial cueing task) containing visual cues that signalled the possible occurrence of a painful stimulus (electrocutaneous stimulus at tolerance level) or its absence, in combination with a non-pain goal task (i.e. digit naming task). The non-pain goal was either related to acquiring a positive outcome (gaining money depending on digit-naming performance; promotion goal group, n=31) or related to avoiding a negative outcome (losing money; prevention goal group, n=31). A standard attentional bias task served as the control condition (control group, n=31).

Results
Spatial cueing effects were larger for pain cues than for no-pain cues, indicating attentional bias for pain signals. The pattern of results suggests that this effect was indeed reduced in the goal groups as compared to the control group, but there was no significant group difference.

Conclusions
We found no statistically-significant evidence for the impact of non-pain goal pursuit or outcome focus on pain-related attentional bias. At best, there were indications of a reduced attentional bias for pain signals with non-pain goal pursuit that was either promotion- or prevention focused.

Implications
These data add to the small but growing body of literature on the assumed relevance of motivational context in explaining variations in attentional bias. The results trigger new questions on the nature and assessment of pain-related attentional bias, and more specifically attentional bias for fear-conditioned pain signals (versus safety signals), from a motivational perspective.
Eine für die Berechnung der intestinalen Vitamin B12-Resorption beim Menschen sowohl im physiologischen, Intrinsic Factor-abhängigen als auch im unphysiologisch hohen, diffusionsbedingten Dosisbereich allgemein gültige Formel
Authors: Heinrich H. C. , Gabbe E. E. , Whang D D. H. , Wolfsteller E. 
Published: August 2018

The intestinal absorption of pure 60Co-cyanocobalamin was measured in human beings in the dose range between 0.10 and 100,000 µg with the radio-vitamin B12-absorption-whole body retentiontest. The 60Co-vitamin B12-whole body-retention was measured within the 200 cm long 4 п detector geometry of a large volume radioactivity detector with liquid organic scintillator.
The estimated intestinal 60Co-vitamin B12 absorption in man can be described for the whole dose range (0.10 —100,000 µg) by two equations which contain expressions for the intrinsic factordependent vitamin B12 absorption and the diffusion absorption of vitamin B12 [see equations (1) and (2) ]. It is evident from these equations that intrinsic factor-dependent vitamin B12-absorption is limited to 1.5 µg B12/dose whereas the diffusion absorption of vitamin B12 approaches but never exceeds 0.90% of the oral dose.
The diffusion absorption rate can be used together with the vitamin B12-whole body turnover rate (~ 2.6 µg/day) as an experimental basis for an efficient oral vitamin B12-therapy with high doses.
A zinc(II) coordination polymer containing single- and double-stranded helical chains: synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal and luminescence properties
Authors: Zhang Fei-Hang , Chai Nan-Nan , Chen Sheng-Chun , He Ming-Yang , Chen Qun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A new zinc(II)-based coordination polymer {[Zn(5-fip)(tdbpy)]·(DMF)}
n
(1) {5-H2fip=5-fluoroisophthalic acid, tdbpy=4,4′-(2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diyl)bispyridine, DMF=dimethylformamide} has been solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that complex 1 shows a unique two-dimensional network architecture containing single-stranded [Zn(5-fip)]
n
and double-stranded helical [Zn(tdbpy)]
n
chains. The thermal and luminescence properties of complex 1 have also been studied.
Studies on Phenylpyruvic Acid, II. Keto-Enol Equilibrium in Water-Dimethylsulphoxide Mixtures
Authors: Cassidei L , Dell 'atti A , Sciacovelli  
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A spectroscopic study of the keto-enol equilibrium of phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) was performed in water-dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) mixtures, throughout the composition range and in an ex­ tended temperature range. The thermodynamic quantities of the tautomerism were also calculated. The high value of enolization entropy in pure DMSO is attributed to hydrogen bonding of PPA to this solvent. The experimental conditions and the optimum composition range of the H2O-DMSO mixtures for PPA analytical determination were determined.
Identification of β,β-Caroten-2-ol and β,β-Carotene-2,2′-diol in the Stick Insect, Carausius morosus Br.; a Reinvestigation Study
Authors: Kayser Hartmut 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two major carotenoids of the stick insect were reinvestigated and shown to be β,β-caroten-2-ol and β,β-carotene-2,2′-diol and not isocryptoxanthin (β,β-caroten-4-ol) and isozeaxanthin (β,β-carotene-4,4′-diol). Both pigments are esterified with fatty acids. The identification is based on co-chromatography with authentic 2-, 3-and 4-isomers of the mono-and dihydroxy pigment, mass spectra, and chemical behaviour. In acid solution β-β-carotene-2,2′-diol is specifically dehydro­ genated and rearranged to ketones with retro structures in analogy to the reaction of β,β-caroten-2-ol as recently reported. The final product of the diol is 4,5-dihydro-4,5′-retro-β,β-carotene-2,2′-dione.
This is the first demonstration of β,β-carotene-2,2′-diol in an animal.
Dissociation Constants of Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate [EHDP] and Dichloromethylene-diphosphonate [Cl2MDP] for H+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+
Authors: Dietsch Peter , Günther Theodor , Röhnelt Manfred 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Diphosphonates, Dissociation Constants The dissociation constants of ethane-l-hydroxy-1,1-disphosphonate [EHDP] and dichloro-methylene-diphosphonate [Cl2MDP] for H+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ have been determined from pH-titration curves. EHDP forms more stable chelates with Ca2+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ than Cl2MDP. Cl2MDP is a stronger acid than EHDP.
Kinetic Analysis of the Catalytic Properties of Peptides in Ester Hydrolysis
Authors: Petz Dorothee , Schneider Friedhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The catalytic properties of peptides containing histidine, cysteine and aspartic acid in ester hydrolysis were studied. Saturation kinetics were found for the reaction of p-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) with Z-His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Cys-NH2 and Z-His-Ala-Gly-Gly-Cys-NH2 . The Brönsted equation for the hydrolysis of tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-alanine-p-nitrophenylester (Boc-Ala-ONp) catalyzed by simple imidazole and SH-compounds was determined. The catalytic behaviour of the peptides in ester hydrolysis could not be described by the Brönsted equations for imidazole or thiole catalyzed hydrolysis of NPA and Boc-Ala-ONp. The pH dependence of the rate constants of the catalyzed ester hydrolysis gave no linear plots in 1/k versus H+ diagrams.
On the Role of the Cell Coat Glycoproteins in the Permeability of the Cell
Authors: Anghileri L , Heidbreder M , Dermietzel R 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The release of a part of the cell coat of Ehrlich ascites cells by chelation with ethylenediamine­ tetraacetic acid modifies significatively the uptake of various radioactive molecules. This phenomenon seems to be related to a change in the permeability of the cell membrane. The chemical analyses of the released material appear to indicate that glycoproteins are involved in that change and that their release modifies the structural and physiological characteristics of the cell membrane.
Labeling of Animal Cells with Fluorescent Dansyl Cerebroside
Authors: Huang Richard T. C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A dansyl (diaminonaphthalenesulfonyl)-derivative of cerebroside was prepared which could be effectively incorporated into the plasma membranes of tissue culture cells and erythrocytes. The cells which had assimilated the glycolipid fluoresced intensely and could be observed under a fluorescent microscope. Cells were initially labeled rather homogeneously over the whole surface. With longer incubation time organization of the fluorescent glycolipid took place and patches of the lipid in the membrane were formed. The redistribution and organization of the membrane lipid could be demonstrated most clearly when cells labeled with this fluorescent glycolipid were infected with myxoviruses. After infection of MDBK and BHK cells with fowl plague virus areas of dense fluorescence appeared at margines of neighboring cells. When BHK cells were infected with Newcastle disease virus fusion of the cells was accompanied by complete redistribution of the glycolipid. Erythrocytes could also easily incorporate dansyl cerebroside. Chicken erythrocytes which contain cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes incorporated the fluorescent glycolipid in both membranes.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur ultraschwachen Photonen­ emission biologischer Systeme / Experimental Investigations on Ultraweak Photonemission from Biological Systems
Authors: Ruth B. , Popp F. A. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Ultraweak Photoemission, Biological Systems, Cell Communication Measurements on untreated yeast cells, potato-and cucumber seedlings have confirmed the existence of photon emission from biological systems known as “ultraweak luminescence”. The intensity is of the order of 102 counts per second, and the spectral distribution shows a maximum near 550 nm. The dependence of the photon emission on certain chemicals has been investigated. Some chemicals, as for instance acetone, intensify the photon emission from cucumber seedlings without essential change of the spectral distribution. On the other hand, NaCl leads to a shift to the red region of the spectrum. The treatment of EAT-cells by 4-Hydroperoxycyclofosfamide involves a nonlinear enhancement of the intensity with increasing concentration. There are some indications that collective interactions of the system are more appropriate than simple chemiluminescence reactions.
Flüchtige Inhaltsstoffe der Volatile Substances from Formica rufa L. und polyctena Forst / Volatile Substances from Formica rufa L. and F. polyctena Forst
Authors: Bühring M. , Francke W. , Heemann V. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The terpenes camphene, camphor, isopulegol, isoborneol, bomeol and the terpenoid methyl 3-isopropyl-pentanoate are identified from both species while n-nonanal was only found in F. rufa.
Reaktivität und verzögerte Neurotoxizität von Organophosphaten / Reactivity and Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organophosphates
Authors: Reinhardt Hans-Georg 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Rate constants of the alkaline hydrolysis reaction were correlated with neurotoxic findings of some organophosphates using data published in the literature. This correlation shows upper and lower limits of reactivity comparable to those found with biological activities of some other xenobiotics.
von 2-Keto-4-hydroxyvaleriansäure mit Hilfe von Pyrazon-abbauenden Bakterien / Enzymatic Formation of 4-Hydroxy-2-Oxovalerate Using Pyrazon-Degrading Bacteria
Authors: Blobel Friedhelm , Eberspächer Jürgen , Lingens Franz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
By treatment of 2-hydroxymuconic acid with a partially purified 4-oxalocrotonate decarboxylase 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-valerate could be obtained. Both forms of 4-hydroxy-2-oxo-valerate, the keto as well as the enol form could be isolated.
Effects of Hip Abductor Muscles Exercises on Pain and Function in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rogan Slavko , Haehni Michaela , Luijckx Eefje , Dealer Jonas , Reuteler Stefan , Taeymans Jan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Rogan, S, Haehni, M, Luijckx, E, Dealer, J, Reuteler, S, and Taeymans, J. Effects of hip abductor muscles exercises on pain and function in patients with patellofemoral pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 3174–3187, 2019—This systematic review and meta-analysis considered the effects of hip strengthening (i.e., abductor and external rotator muscles) vs. no hip strengthening on pain and of hip strengthening combined with knee strengthening vs. knee strengthening (i.e., quadriceps muscles) alone on pain and functional status in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Eleven, randomized, controlled trial (RCT) studies and 1 non-RCT study were included, totaling 604 participants. Female athletes were included in one study, whereas untrained participants were included in the other studies. On average, the studies showed a low methodological quality. Hip muscle strengthening showed greater pain-reducing effects when compared with no hip strengthening (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.92 to −0.9; p = 0.0002). When comparing a combined hip and knee muscle strengthening with knee muscle strengthening alone, pain was reduced in the combined hip and knee–strengthening group (SMD −0.99; 95% CI, −1.99 to 0.02; p = 0.05), whereas function showed a SMD of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.25–1.14; p = 0.002) again favoring the combined hip and knee–strengthening group. This meta-analysis showed evidence that the strengthening of the hip abductor muscles can reduce pain and function in patients with PFP. Because studies including highly trained patients with PFP are currently lacking, one should be careful when applying the clinical findings of this meta-analysis when working with athletes. Trial registration: PROSPERO 2014:CRD42014010716.
Exercise Prescription Recommendations for Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Gallo Paul M. , Mendola Nicole M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
PARKINSON'S DISEASE (PD) IS ASSOCIATED WITH MOTOR AND NONMOTOR IMPAIRMENTS THAT RESULT IN PHYSICAL DECONDITIONING, INABILITY TO PERFORM ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING, AND REDUCED QUALITY OF LIFE. THIS COLUMN WILL DISCUSS EXERCISE TESTING AND PRESCRIPTION RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PERSONS WITH PD AS A METHOD TO MANAGE THE DISEASE AND IMPROVE FITNESS.
Intrinsic Mechanisms of Frequency Selectivity in the Proximal Dendrites of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Combe Crescent L. , Canavier Carmen C. , Gasparini Sonia 
Published: August 2018

Gamma oscillations are thought to play a role in learning and memory. Two distinct bands, slow (25–50 Hz) and fast (65–100 Hz) gamma, have been identified in area CA1 of the rodent hippocampus. Slow gamma is phase locked to activity in area CA3 and presumably driven by the Schaffer collaterals (SCs). We used a combination of computational modeling andin vitroelectrophysiology in hippocampal slices of male rats to test whether CA1 neurons responded to SC stimulation selectively at slow gamma frequencies and to identify the mechanisms involved. Both approaches demonstrated that, in response to temporally precise input at SCs, CA1 pyramidal neurons fire preferentially in the slow gamma range regardless of whether the input is at fast or slow gamma frequencies, suggesting frequency selectivity in CA1 output with respect to CA3 input. In addition, phase locking, assessed by the vector strength, was more precise for slow gamma than fast gamma input. This frequency selectivity was greatly attenuated when the slow Ca2+-dependent K+(SK) current was removed from the model or blockedin vitrowith apamin. Perfusion of slices with BaCl2to block A-type K+channels tightened this frequency selectivity. Both the broad-spectrum cholinergic agonist carbachol and the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M greatly attenuated the selectivity. The more precise firing at slower frequencies persisted throughout all of the pharmacological manipulations conducted. We propose that these intrinsic mechanisms provide a means by which CA1 phase locks to CA3 at different gamma frequencies preferentiallyin vivoas physiological conditions change with behavioral demands.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGamma frequency activity, one of multiple bands of synchronous activity, has been suggested to underlie various aspects of hippocampal function. Multisite recordings within the rat hippocampal formation indicate that different behavioral tasks are associated with synchronized activity between areas CA3 and CA1 at two different gamma bands: slow and fast gamma. In this study, we examine the intrinsic mechanisms that may allow CA1 to selectively “listen” to CA3 at slow compared with fast gamma and suggest mechanisms that gate this selectivity. Identifying the intrinsic mechanisms underlying differential gamma preference may help to explain the distinct types of CA3–CA1 synchronization observedin vivounder different behavioral conditions.
ПРОФЕСІЙНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ПЕРСОНАЛУ В УМОВАХ МІЖНАРОДНОЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Kara N.I. , Phsyk-Kovalska O.O. 
Published: August 2018

Стаття спрямована на дослідження теоретичних і практичних аспектів професійного розвитку персоналу підприємства в умовах міжнародної економічної діяльності. У статті розглядаються етапи та основні завдання процесу розвитку персоналу організації, а також процес планування розвитку кар’єри працівника. Також розглянуто методи розвитку персоналу та виділено основні пріоритети, фактори та особливості управління професійним розвитком персоналу міжнародних компаній. Запропоновано запровадити програму корпоративного навчання працівників, зокрема використання інтранет-порталу, що дозволить підвищити ефективність діяльності підприємства за рахунок системного розвитку знань і компетенцій працівників.
ФІНАНСОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ В УМОВАХ ОСВІТНЬОЇ РЕФОРМИ
Authors: Kondur O.S. , Tsiupa O.P. 
Published: August 2018

Реформа освітньої галузі України полягає у формуванні нового покоління фахівців для національної та міжнародної економіки. Результати трансформацій в освіті повинні вплинути на розвиток економіки та суспільства в цілому.
У статті проаналізовано основні етапи освітньої реформи. Описано законодавчо передбачене фінансове і матеріально-технічне забезпечення системи освіти і науки. На прикладі формування видатків у Державному бюджеті на 2018 рік показано вплив освітніх трансформацій на фінансування освітньої системи.
Análisis bibliométrico de intervenciones basadas en terapia de tercera generación para niños y adolescentes en Iberoamérica y Europa
Authors: Perea Gil Laura Fernanda , Zambrano Hernández Sonia , Camargo Hernández Lizeth Tatiana , Jerez-Castiblanco Johana Caterine , Gómez Padilla Geraldine Lizeth 
Published: August 2018

El presente estudio es un análisis bibliométrico de las publicaciones en intervenciones basadas en las terapias de tercera generación en niños y adolescentes durante los años 2011-2016. Para ello se realiza un estudio descriptivo dentro del cual se analizaron 60 artículos científicos de diversas bases de datos, los cuales se condensaron en un archivo de Excel para el posterior análisis descriptivo teniendo en cuenta las variables. Al realizar el análisis se evidencio que en los años 2012 y 2014 existió en Iberoamérica un aumento en las publicaciones de interés para el presente estudio, la revista con mayores publicaciones en este ámbito es la International Journal of Behavioral Consultation & Therapy; en relación a el autor con mayores publicaciones, se referencia a Swart, J como el principal; la metodología más usada es la revisión teórica y el estudio cuasi experimental, el país con mayor número de investigaciones en esta temática es Estados Unidos; en cuanto al uso de las técnicas se encontró que la terapia más utilizada es Mindfulness. Este estudio permite concluir que las terapias de tercera generación tienen impacto en los problemas comportamentales y emocionales en niños y adolescentes, sin embargo es necesario ampliar las investigaciones en este ámbito dado a que en la mayoría de los documentos no se cuantifica el grado de eficacia.
Attitude towards oral hygiene among different socio-economic groups in Jaipur city, Rajasthan
Authors: Mishra Priyanka , Solanki Jitender , Choudhary Rahul , Sharma Chetan , Sharma Prachi , Shah Disha 
Published: August 2018

Background. Socio-economic status is a total measure of a person’s work experience and of an individual or family economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education and occupation.
Objective. The study was conducted to determine the differences in attitudes of people from different socioeconomic statuses towards their oral hygiene.
Method. A cross sectional study was conducted among subjects of various socioeconomic groups. Socioeconomic status and oral hygiene data was collected using Aggarwal scale having 22 items questionnaire addressing various aspects of knowledge and attitude of subjects towards oral health, and simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI- S), respectively. Statistical analysis was done using chi- square test and frequency distribution (P< 0.05 taken as significant).
Results: Among 500 subjects, 260 (52%) were found to have good oral hygiene, and most of them (43.46%) were from lower middle class group. A highly significant association was found between the oral hygiene and socioeconomic status (p=0.000).
Conclusion. It could be concluded that the socioeconomic status is not the only factor that determines a person’s attitude towards oral hygiene, but other factors such as lack of awareness, lack of availability of dentist nearby, fear and anxiety also play an important role.
Tractarian Form as the Precursor to Forms of Life
Authors: Tejedor Chon 
Published: August 2018

Interpreters are divided on the question of whether the phrase ‘form of life’ is used univocally in Wittgenstein’s later writings. Some univocal interpreters suggest that, for Wittgenstein, ‘form of life’ captures a uniquely biological notion: the biologically human form of life. Others suggest that it captures a cultural notion: the notion of differently enculturated forms of human life. Non-univocal interpreters, in contrast, argue that Wittgenstein does not use ‘form of life’ univocally, but that he uses it sometimes to highlight a cluster of biological notions and sometimes a cluster of cultural ones. The debate between univocal and non-univocal readers has generated a raft of intricate, illuminating literature on both sides. If it remains to an extent open, it is partly as a result of the fact that the textual evidence available on this matter, in Wittgenstein’s later published and unpublished writings, is so limited. In this paper, I argue that considering Wittgenstein’s earlier treatment of ‘form’ can help to shed light on his later treatment of ‘form of life’. More specifically I argue that revisiting the Tractatus’ treatment of ‘form’ gives us – perhaps surprisingly – reasons to support a non-univocal later reading of ‘forms of life’.