bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clinical courses and mortality of connective tissue disease‐associated interstitial pneumonias and chronic fibrosing idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Authors: Yıldırım Fatma , Türk Murat , Bitik Berivan , Erbaş Gonca , Köktürk Nurdan , Haznedaroğlu Şeminur , Türktaş Haluk 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common pulmonary manifestation of connective tissue diseases (CTD). Prognostic effect of radiological usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern in CTD‐associated interstitial lung disease (CTD‐ILD) is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the disease progression and mortality of patients with CTD‐ILD and idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and the prognostic impact of the radiological UIP pattern on both disease groups. The medical records of 91 patients (55 with CTD‐ILD and 36 with IIP) diagnosed with ILD at pulmonary medicine department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University from 2004 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients included whose baseline high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans showed either a UIP or non‐UIP pattern. While 67.3% (n = 37) of CTD‐ILD patients possessed UIP pattern, 38.9% (n = 14) of IIP patients had UIP pattern in HRCT. Respiratory functions including the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), functional vital capacity (FVC), and transfer coefficient for carbon monoxide (diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide [DLCO]) of IIP group at the time of diagnosis were significantly lower than CTD‐ILD group (P = .007, P = .002, and P = .019, respectively). There was no significant survival difference between CTD‐ILD and IIP by using the log‐rank test (P = .76). Multivariate analysis revealed that UIP pattern in HRCT (Hazard ratio: 1.85; 95% Confidence interval = 1.14‐3; P = .013), annual FVC (Hazard ratio: 0.521; 95% Confidence interval = 0.32‐0.84; P = .007), and annual DLCO declines (Hazard ratio: 0.943; 95% Confidence interval = 0.897‐0.991; P = .02) were independent risk factors for mortality in both CTD‐ILD and IIP groups. We found that UIP pattern in HRCT and annual losses in respiratory functions were the main determinants of prognosis of ILDs either idiopathic or CTD‐associated.
The Effects of Liver Transplantation in Children With Niemann‐Pick Disease Type B
Authors: Liu Yuan , Luo Yi , Xia Lei , Qiu Bijun , Zhou Tao , Feng Mingxuan , Xue Feng , Chen Xiaosong , Han Longzhi , Zhang Jianjun , Xia Qiang 
Published: March 2019

We evaluated the effects of liver transplantation (LT) in children with Niemann‐Pick disease (NPD) type B. From October 2006 to October 2018, 7 of 1512 children who received LT at Ren Ji Hospital were diagnosed as NPD type B. The median age at diagnosis was 12 months (6‐14 months) with initial presentations of hepatosplenomegaly, growth retardation, repeated pneumonia, and diarrhea. Even after comprehensive supporting treatments, all patients developed liver dysfunction, severe interstitial pulmonary disease, compromised lung function, and hypersplenism, with hypertriglyceridemia in 4 patients. They were transferred to our hospital for transplantation (median age, 6.5 years; range, 2.2‐8.6 years). Among them, 4 patients received living donor LT, and 3 received whole‐liver orthotopic LT. Splenectomy was conducted spontaneously. All patients are alive with a median follow‐up of 10 months (range, 5‐53 months). Liver function normalized within 3 weeks after transplantation and maintained stability. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were cured, as was hypertriglyceridemia. Strikingly, pulmonary disease was relieved after transplantation, as evidenced by resolution of interstitial lung disease and restored lung function. Bronchitis occurred only once among the 3 patients with a quick recovery during follow‐up. Catch‐up growth was observed in all patients, especially in 1 male patient, as his height z score increased from −3.9 to −1 at 4 years after transplantation. Patients with follow‐up longer than 10 months indicated significant psychomotor ability improvement. Hypotonia was relieved in 4 patients after transplantation. However, intelligence developmental delay still existed in 4 patients during the follow‐up. Three of them have been receiving intelligence recovery therapy, although the longterm effect needs more investigation. In conclusion, LT is a safe and effective treatment for patients with NPD type B with severe liver and pulmonary dysfunction.
Phosphonylation Controls the Protein Corona of Multifunctional Polyglycerol‐Modified Nanocarriers
Authors: Danner Ann‐Kathrin , Schöttler Susanne , Alexandrino Evandro , Hammer Sophie , Landfester Katharina , Mailänder Volker , Morsbach Svenja , Frey Holger , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNanocarriers are a platform for modern drug delivery. In contact with blood, proteins adsorb to nanocarriers, altering their behavior in vivo. To reduce unspecific protein adsorption and unspecific cellular uptake, nanocarriers are modified with hydrophilic polymers like poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). However, with PEG the attachment of further functional structures such as targeting units is limited. A method to introduce multifunctionality via polyglycerol (PG) while maintaining the hydrophilicity of PEG is introduced. Different amounts of negatively charged phosphonate groups (up to 29 mol%) are attached to the multifunctional PGs (Mn 2–4 kg mol−1, Ð < 1.36) by post‐modification. PGs are used in the miniemulsion/solvent evaporation procedure to prepare model nanocarriers. Their behavior in human blood plasma is investigated to determine the influence of the negative charges on the protein adsorption. The protein corona of PGylated nanocarriers is similar to PEGylated analogs (on same nanocarriers), but the protein pattern could be gradually altered by the integration of phosphonates. This is the first report on the gradual increase of negative charges on nanocarriers and intriguingly up to a certain amount of phosphonate groups per nanocarrier the protein pattern remains relatively unchanged, which is important for the future design of nanocarriers.
Corrosion testing on steel reinforced XD3 concrete samples prepared with a green inhibitor and two different superplasticizers
Authors: Abbas Abdulsada Shaymaa , Fazakas Éva , Török Tamás I. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the use of corrosion inhibitors in producing high‐performance steel reinforced concrete structures has increased significantly to minimize the chloride and sulfate attacks. However, most inhibitors available in the market are toxic to the environment. Hence, one objective of the present investigation was to test a novel, eco‐friendly, so‐called green inhibitor extracted from a fruit waste (orange peel), and its effects were studied on the compression strength of the XD3 type concrete samples. The inhibitor was added to the concrete mix in concentrations of 1% and 3% by weight of cement in addition to two different superplasticizers (Mapei Dynamon SR 31, Budapest, Hungary and Oxydtron, Hungary). The test results on steel reinforced samples immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl aqueous solutions at room temperature showed promising corrosion mitigating effects just after 6 months testing period. The lower corrosion currents (i.e., better corrosion resistance) after 6 months immersion were observed when the samples contained both green inhibitor and Oxydtron superplasticizer, especially with sample C2 (in this case 3% green inhibitor was added to the mixture of cement + Oxydtron superplasticizer).
Failure mechanism of MCrAlY coating at the coating‐substrate interface under type I hot corrosion
Authors: Zhang Pimin , Peng Ru Lin , Li Xin‐Hai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMCrAlY coatings are widely used to provide protection of hot component in modern gas turbine engines against high‐temperature oxidation and hot corrosion. Coating‐substrate interface, where the substrate is only partially covered by the ﻿coatings, is vulnerable to the hot corrosion attack. The accelerated degradation at the coating‐substrate interface can cause fast spallation of the coating, leading to the early failure of the gas turbine components. In this paper, MCrAlY powder was deposited on IN792 disks by high‐velocity oxygen‐fuel spraying. The hot corrosion behavior of the coated sample was investigated using (0.8Na, 0.2K)2SO
4 salt deposition at 900°C in lab air. Results showed a minor attack in the coating center, however, an accelerated corrosion attack at the coating‐substrate interface. The fast growth of corrosion products from substrate caused large local volume expansions at the coating‐substrate interface, resulting in an early coating spallation.
Effect of seawater constituents on the performance of thermal spray aluminum in marine environments
Authors: Echaniz Rosa G. , Paul Shiladitya , Thornton Rob 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermally sprayed coatings are often used to mitigate corrosion of offshore structures. They act as a physical barrier to the aggressive marine environment and as a sacrificial distributed anode for low carbon steel. In such environments, the severity of material degradation depends on many factors. The effect of temperature, exposure time or the presence of micro‐organisms are the focus of many studies, for example, however, the effect of the different ions present in seawater remains largely unexplored. The chemical composition of the water changes considerably depending on the location; industrial, glacial, estuarine, and so forth. In addition, when thermal spray aluminum (TSA) protects steel in seawater, calcareous matter precipitates as a result of the cathodic polarization and subsequent localized increase in pH. Therefore, understanding how ions such as magnesium (II), calcium (II), or carbonates alter the coating properties in the marine environment is important. This paper reports the experimental work carried out with TSA‐coated steel samples with defects to simulate mechanical damage or erosion of the coating. The combination of electrochemical tests and surface characterization provided evidence of the efficiency of the calcareous bilayer that forms on top of steel reducing the TSA degradation.
Microspheres with Tunable Porosity Based on Reactive Block Copolymer: Preparation and Vapor‐Healing Behavior
Authors: Deng Yuanming , Tan Shaoling , Zhao Xiaoman , Yu Junyan , Tang Jiaoning 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerein, a simple route to prepare porous microspheres with tuned pore structure and potential functionality based on epoxy functionalized block copolymers, poly hydroxypropyl methacrylate‐b‐ poly glycidyl methacrylate (PHPMA‐b‐PGMA), through a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water (W/O/W) double emulsion is reported. The effect of surfactant concentration and the composition of block copolymers are investigated. The solvent vapor swelling behavior of porous microspheres before and after cross‐linking is studied. It is interesting that after the swelling, the cross‐linked open pores are self‐healed to form closed pores, whereas the uncross‐linked ones are collapsed. It is believed that this observation will be useful in guest carrying and control release, and find its application in biomedical and pharmaceuticals.
Genetic mimics of cerebral palsy
Authors: Pearson Toni S. , Pons Roser , Ghaoui Roula , Sue Carolyn M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe term “cerebral palsy mimic” is used to describe a number of neurogenetic disorders that may present with motor symptoms in early childhood, resulting in a misdiagnosis of cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy describes a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by onset in infancy or early childhood of motor symptoms (including hypotonia, spasticity, dystonia, and chorea), often accompanied by developmental delay. The primary etiology of a cerebral palsy syndrome should always be identified if possible. This is particularly important in the case of genetic or metabolic disorders that have specific disease‐modifying treatment. In this article, we discuss clinical features that should alert the clinician to the possibility of a cerebral palsy mimic, provide a practical framework for selecting and interpreting neuroimaging, biochemical, and genetic investigations, and highlight selected conditions that may present with predominant spasticity, dystonia/chorea, and ataxia. Making a precise diagnosis of a genetic disorder has important implications for treatment, and for advising the family regarding prognosis and genetic counseling. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
JNK signaling in cancer cell survival
Authors: Wu Qinghua , Wu Wenda , Fu Bishi , Shi Lei , Wang Xu , Kuca Kamil 
Published: March 2019

Abstractc‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) is involved in cancer cell apoptosis; however, emerging evidence indicates that this Janus signaling promotes cancer cell survival. JNK acts synergistically with NF‐κB, JAK/STAT, and other signaling molecules to exert a survival function. JNK positively regulates autophagy to counteract apoptosis, and its effect on autophagy is related to the development of chemotherapeutic resistance. The prosurvival effect of JNK may involve an immune evasion mechanism mediated by transforming growth factor‐β, toll‐like receptors, interferon‐γ, and autophagy, as well as compensatory JNK‐dependent cell proliferation. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the prosurvival function of JNK and its role in tumor development and chemoresistance, including a comprehensive analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying JNK‐mediated cancer cell survival. There is a focus on the specific “Yin and Yang” functions of JNK1 and JNK2 in the regulation of cancer cell survival. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the roles of JNK in cancer cell survival, which may provide insight into the distinct functions of JNK in cancer and its potential for cancer therapy.
Outcomes of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in the pediatric age group in a resource‐constrained setting
Authors: Halder Rohan , Mishra Priyanka , Aggarwal Mukul , Mannivanan Prabhu , Dhawan Rishi , Seth Tulika , Tyagi Seema , Mahapatra Manoranjan , Pati Hara P. , Saxena Renu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired clonal stem cell disorder. Eculizumab and bone marrow transplantation are disease‐modifying treatments for PNH but may not be readily available in resource‐constrained settings. Of 52 pediatric patients with PNH, 20 had classical PNH and 32 had PNH/aplastic anemia (PNH/AA). Median time to diagnosis was 30 months in classical PNH patients. Renal failure was present in four patients (20%). Six (30%) achieved complete response, 10 (50%) achieved partial response with androgens in classical PNH. Two underwent allogenic stem cell transplantation. In the PNH/AA group, 16 (50%) were in CR and seven (21%) were in PR with anti‐thymocyte globulin ± cyclosporine.
Base‐Free Tandem Cyclooxidative Synthesis of Quinazolinones with GdxMn–ZnO (M= Mo, V, W) Catalysts
Authors: Hase Dattatraya V. , Jayaram Radha V. , Thirumalai Kuppulingam , Swaminathan Meenakshisundaram 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the present study, ZnO modified with rare earth oxides GdxMn; M=Mo, V, W) were synthesized by hydrothermal process and their catalytic activity was tested in an oxidative cyclization reaction for the selective synthesis of quinazolinones. The catalysts were characterized by various techniques such as BET surface area analysis, XRD, SEM‐EDX, DSC‐TGA, ICP‐MS and elemental color mapping. 5 wt% Gd2MoO6/ZnO exhibited good catalytic activity and gave 60–91% of Quinazolin‐4(3H) ones in toluene. The catalysts could be reused at least four times without loss of catalytic activity.
Calcium Chloride Activation of Mung Bean: A Low‐Cost, Green Route to N‐Doped Porous Carbon for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhong Guoyu , Xie Haomin , Xu Zhihao , Xu Sanyou , Xu Shurui , Cai Zhuodi , Fu Xiaobo , Liao Wenbo , Miao Rongrong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractN‐doped porous carbons were prepared from mung bean flour by chemical activation with calcium chloride and urea. Adjusting the precursor and preparation temperature had significant effect on the graphitization, specific surface area, porosity and surface chemical composition of the porous carbons. The material prepared from the mixture of mung bean flour, urea, and calcium chloride at 800 °C was the optimal sample. It exhibited an excellent specific capacitance (247.2 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 and 300.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, respectively), outstanding rate performance (178.6 F g−1 at 200 and 225 F g−1 at 100 A g−1, respectively) and good durability (93.2 and 97.5% capacitance retention after 10000 cyclic voltammograms and 2000 galvanostatic charge/discharge, respectively) in 6 M KOH. The structure‐performance relationships reveal that the excellent specific capacitance of this sample arises from its plentiful porosities, abundant doped‐N and high carbonation.
Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment Induces Facial Feminization in Transwomen and Masculinization in Transmen: Quantification by 3D Scanning and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures
Authors: Tebbens Marieke , Nota Nienke M. , Liberton Niels P.T.J. , Meijer Brigitte A. , Kreukels Baudewijntje P.C. , Forouzanfar Tim , Verdaasdonk Rudolf M. , den Heijer Martin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Hormone treatment induces feminization of the body in transwomen and masculinization in transmen. However, the effect of hormone treatment on facial characteristics is still unknown.

Aim
We aimed to study whether hormone treatment induces facial feminization and masculinization and how this potential change affects satisfaction and self-esteem.

Methods
In this single-center cohort study, we included 27 transwomen and 15 transmen who received standardized hormone treatment in the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam. Facial 3-dimensional images were obtained at baseline and at 3 and 12 months. At each image, 22 facial landmarks were placed. Furthermore, the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale were obtained at the same measurement points.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures included the relative local shift of skin in millimeters in the 22 landmarks in the transverse (x-axis), coronal (y-axis), and sagittal (z-axis) anatomic axes, the color maps, and the outcomes of the questionnaires.

Results
After 12 months, cheek tissue in transwomen increased, with 0.50 mm (95% CI 0.04–0.96) in the x-axis and 1.08 mm (95% CI 0.31–1.85) in the z-axis. Tissue in the jaws decreased with –0.60 mm (95% CI –1.28–0.08) in the x-axis and –0.18 mm (95% CI –0.03–0.33) in the y-axis. Cheek tissue in transmen decreased with –0.45 mm (95% CI –1.00–0.11) in the x-axis and –0.84 mm (95% CI –1.92–0.25) in the z-axis. These changes already started after 3 months. An increase in satisfaction with the facial appearance was found in both transwomen and transmen. There were no changes in reported self-esteem.

Clinical implication
These results could lead to more realistic expectations of facial changes. Furthermore, our results suggest that the face continues to change for at least a year, which could suggest that performing facial feminization surgery after 1 year of hormone treatment might be too early.

Strength & Limitations
This study is the first that provides insight into the facial changes in transgender individuals receiving hormone treatment, and it introduces an objective method to examine (small) facial changes. Our study is limited by the poor reliability of the landmarks, the difficulty of facial fixation, and the lack of gender-specific questions in the questionnaires.

Conclusions
Hormone treatment in transwomen induces an increase in cheek tissue and a decrease in jaw tissue. In transmen a tendency of decrease in cheek tissue and an increase in jaw tissue was found. These changes are in the direction of the desired gender.
English Women Doctors, Contraception and Family Planning in Transnational Perspective (1930s–70s)
Authors: Rusterholz Caroline 
Published: March 2019

This paper explores the influence of English female doctors on the creation of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) and the production and circulation of contraceptive knowledge in England and, to a lesser extent in France, between 1930 and 1970. By drawing on the writings of female doctors and proceedings of international conferences as well as the archives of the British Medical Women’s Federation (MWF) and Family Planning Association (FPA), on the one hand, andMouvement Français pour le Planning Familial(MFPF), on the other, this paper explores the agency of English female doctors at the national and transnational level. I recover their pioneering work and argue that they were pivotal in legitimising family planning within medical circles. I then turn to their influence on French doctors after World War II. Not only were English medical women active and experienced agents in the family planning movement in England; they also represented a conduit of information and training crucial for French doctors. Transfer of knowledge across the channel was thus a decisive tool for implementing family planning services in France.
Securing Trade: The Military Labor of the British Occupation of Manila, 1762–1764
Authors: Thomas Megan C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMilitary labor played a key role in conquering and preserving ports as nodes in trading networks. This article treats the military labor of the British occupation of Manila from 1762 to 1764, during the Seven Years War. It examines the motley crew that formed the British forces, exploring British categories of military laborers sent from Madras. The particular combination of forces composed for this expedition had more to do with the East India Company's concerns in Madras than with what was thought to be needed to take and hold Manila. These military laborers were sometimes unruly, insisting on better pay, and deserting when it was not forthcoming. The story of the British occupation of Manila highlights how ideas about desertion traveled along with military laborers from one port city to another in the Indian Ocean world, and what happened when they did.
Holding doctrinal belief as an artefact
Authors: KALMYKOVA ELENA 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, I consider how empirical research on religious belief poses a puzzle for the relationship between religious doctrines and lived religion, and develop one solution to that puzzle. The empirical evidence shows that believers are commonly incorrect about the content of doctrinal statements, and apparently not much interested in that content. I argue that this finding calls for a new understanding of the role of doctrinal commitments in religious life. I propose that in many cases believers relate to doctrinal statements in rather the way that they relate to sacred artefacts, that is, by way of an attitude of reverence and strong adherence, and independently of any attempt to discern the content of doctrinal claims. I note how this account avoids some of the difficulties of alternative solutions, which may undermine the claim of religious beliefs to count as genuine beliefs.
Occupational therapy and primary care
Authors: Bolt Marije , Ikking Tiska , Baaijen Rosa , Saenger Stephanie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article is the first in a series of two articles about Occupational Therapy and Primary Care. This first article describes the health policy context in which primary health care should be strengthened. A definition of occupational therapy is given and the scope of the profession is explained. Based on a survey amongst the (experts of) member associations of COTEC, an overview is given of the main target groups and how occupational therapy is embedded and organized in different countries. In a position statement it is argued why occupational therapy can and should contribute to a comprehensive integrated primary care and challenges to strengthen the position of the profession are described.