bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semaphorin 4D promotes inhibitory synapse formation and suppresses seizures in vivo
Authors: Acker Daniel W. M. , Wong Irene , Kang Mihwa , Paradis Suzanne 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveWe previously discovered a role for the extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) as a fast‐acting, selective, and positive regulator of functional γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapse formation in hippocampal neuronal culture. We also demonstrated that Sema4D treatment increases inhibitory tone and suppresses hyperexcitability in an organotypic hippocampal slice culture model of epilepsy. Here, we investigate the ability of Sema4D to promote GABAergic synapse formation and suppress seizure activity in vivo in adult mice.MethodsWe performed a 3‐hour, intrahippocampal infusion of Sema4D or control protein into the CA1 region of adult mice. To quantify GABAergic presynaptic bouton density, we performed immunohistochemistry on hippocampal tissue sections isolated from these animals using an antibody that specifically recognizes the glutamic acid decarboxylase isoform 65 protein (GAD65), which is localized to presynaptic GABAergic boutons. To assess seizure activity, we employed 2 in vivo mouse models of epilepsy, intravenous (iv) pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and hippocampal electrical kindling, in the presence or absence of Sema4D treatment. We monitored seizure activity by behavioral observation or electroencephalography (EEG). To assay the persistence of the Sema4D effect, we monitored seizure activity and measured the density of GAD65‐positive presynaptic boutons 3 or 48 hours after Sema4D infusion.ResultsSema4D‐treated mice displayed an elevated density of GABAergic presynaptic boutons juxtaposed to hippocampal pyramidal neuron cell bodies, consistent with the hypothesis that Sema4D promotes the formation of new inhibitory synapses in vivo. In addition, Sema4D acutely suppressed seizures in both the PTZ and electrical kindling models. When we introduced a 48‐hour gap between Sema4D treatment and the seizure stimulus, seizure activity was indistinguishable from controls. Moreover, immunohistochemistry on brain sections or hippocampal slices isolated 3 hours, but not 48 hours, after Sema4D treatment displayed an increase in GABAergic bouton density, demonstrating temporal correlation between the effects of Sema4D on seizures and GABAergic synaptic components.SignificanceOur findings suggest a novel approach to treating acute seizures: harnessing synaptogenic molecules to enhance connectivity in the inhibitory network.
Beyond the management–employee dyad: supply chain initiatives in shipping
Authors: Tang Lijun , Bhattacharya Syamantak 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article examines supply chain health and safety initiatives in the oil shipping industry. In particular, it explores the triangular relationships between ship cargo clients, shipping company management and seafarers and reveals the inherent complexities and tensions involved. It shows that while managers capitalise on the supply chain pressure to squeeze more effort out of seafarers, seafarers tend to adhere to the corporate line colluding with managers to hide defects and falsify records. Nevertheless, seafarers occasionally use the supply chain leverage to their advantage by tactically exposing ship defects during ship inspections.
Autonomous high‐temperature healing of surface cracks in Al2O3 containing Ti2AlC particles
Authors: Boatemaa Linda , Bosch Myrthe , Farle Ann‐Sophie , Bei Guo‐Ping , van der Zwaag Sybrand , Sloof Willem G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this work, the oxidation‐induced crack healing of Al2O3 containing 20 vol.% of Ti2AlC MAX phase inclusions as healing particles was studied. The oxidation kinetics of the Ti2AlC particles having an average diameter of about 10 μm was studied via thermogravimetry and/or differential thermal analysis. Surface cracks of about 80 μm long and 0.5 μm wide were introduced into the composite by Vickers indentation. After annealing in air at high temperatures, the cracks were filled with stable oxides of Ti and Al as a result of the decomposition of the Ti2AlC particles. Crack healing was studied at 800, 900, and 1000°C for 0.25, 1, 4, and 16 hours, and the strength recovery was measured by 4‐point bending. Upon indentation, the bending strength of the samples dropped by about 50% from 402 ± 35 to 229 ± 14 MPa. This bending strength increased to about 90% of the undamaged material after annealing at 1000°C for just 15 minutes, while full strength was recovered after annealing for 1 hour. As the healing temperature was reduced to 900 and 800°C, the time required for full‐strength recovery increased to 4 and 16 hours, respectively. The initial bending strength and the fracture toughness of the composite material were found to be about 19% lower and 20% higher than monolithic alumina, respectively, making this material an attractive substitute for monolithic alumina used in high‐temperature applications.
Polymer‐free versus permanent polymer‐coated drug eluting stents for the treatment of coronary artery disease: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Nogic Jason , Baey Yi‐Wei , Nerlekar Nitesh , Ha Francis J. , Cameron James D. , Nasis Arthur , West Nick E.J. , Brown Adam J. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundPolymer‐free drug eluting stents (PF‐DES) were developed, in part, to overcome risk of late ischemic events observed with permanent polymer‐coated DES (PP‐DES). However, trial results are inconsistent with longer‐term safety and efficacy of PF‐DES remaining unknown. We performed a meta‐analysis of randomized trials assessing outcomes of patients receiving PF‐DES versus PP‐DES for treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD).MethodsElectronic searches were performed for randomized trials comparing outcomes between PF‐DES and PP‐DES. Trials reporting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), all‐cause death, target lesion/vessel revascularization (TLR/TVR), and late lumen loss (LLL) were included. Analyses were performed at longest follow‐up and landmarked beyond 1‐year.ResultsTwelve trials (6,943 patients) were included. There was no significant difference in MACE between PF‐DES and PP‐DES at longest follow‐up (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.96, 95%CI 0.85‐1.10,P = 0.59) or landmark analysis beyond 1‐year (OR 0.96, 95%CI 0.76‐1.20,P = 0.70). Although PF‐DES were associated with a significant reduction in all‐cause death (OR 0.85, 95%CI 0.72‐1.00,P < 0.05), this effect was not present on landmark analysis beyond 1‐year (OR 0.89, 95%CI 0.73‐1.10,P = 0.30). There were no differences observed for MI (OR 1.00, 95%CI 0.77‐1.28,P = 0.99) or ST (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.54‐1.68,P = 0.86), with similar efficacy outcomes including TVR (OR 1.07, 95%CI 0.91‐1.26,P = 0.42), TLR (OR 1.03, 95%CI 0.88‐1.21,P = 0.68) and angiographic LLL (pooled mean difference 0.01 mm, 95%CI −0.08 to 0.11,P = 0.76).ConclusionsPF‐DES are as safe and efficacious as PP‐DES for the treatment of patients with CAD, but do not significantly reduce late ischemic complications.
Religiosity Reduces Sexual Aggression and Coercion in a Longitudinal Cohort of College Men: Mediating Roles of Peer Norms, Promiscuity, and Pornography
Authors: Hagen Timothy , Thompson Martie P. , Williams Janelle 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExtensive literature suggests that religiosity is a protective factor in reducing a number of deviant behaviors, including sexual aggression (SA). Whereas previous research focused on the role of risky alcohol consumption in mediating the relationship between religiosity and SA, this study explores the hypothesized meditational paths from religiosity to SA and technology‐based coercive behavior (TBC) through peer norms, pornography consumption, and promiscuity. Findings from a four‐year longitudinal study of male college students suggest that peer norms and promiscuity mediate the relationship between religiosity and both outcome measures, while pornography consumption mediates the relationship between religiosity and TBC. These findings may inform ongoing practice and future research into possible mechanisms by which problematic sexual behaviors may be influenced.
How attention gates social interactions
Authors: Capozzi Francesca , Ristic Jelena 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSocial interactions are at the core of social life. However, humans selectively choose their exchange partners and do not engage in all available opportunities for social encounters. In this review, we argue that attentional systems play an important role in guiding the selection of social interactions. Supported by both classic and emerging literature, we identify and characterize the three core processes—perception, interpretation, and evaluation—that interact with attentional systems to modulate selective responses to social environments. Perceptual processes facilitate attentional prioritization of social cues. Interpretative processes link attention with understanding of cues’ social meanings and agents’ mental states. Evaluative processes determine the perceived value of the source of social information. The interplay between attention and these three routes of processing places attention in a powerful role to manage the selection of the vast amount of social information that individuals encounter on a daily basis and, in turn, gate the selection of social interactions.
Outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy using left ventricular quadripolar leads
Authors: Yang Mei , Li Xuping , Liang Jinjun , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Espinosa Raul , Li Yigang , Friedman Paul A. , Cha Yong‐Mei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundQuadripolar left ventricular (LV) leads provide a more optimal pacing configuration for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) than conventional bipolar leads. The objective of this study is to determine the clinical outcomes of CRT using quadripolar leads.MethodsThis study included 516 CRT patients who received bipolar LV leads (n = 278) or quadripolar LV leads (n = 238) from January 2013 to June 2016. Data were retrospectively collected from a prospective CRT database and electronic health records. CRT response to CRT was defined as >5% improvement in the LV ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline. Baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between groups.ResultsNew York Heart Association Functional Classification and LVEF significantly improved in the quadripolar and bipolar groups after CRT. There was no difference in the all‐cause mortality rate. The implant success rate was significantly higher in the quadripolar group (100% vs 97.8%; P = 0.02). Quadripolar lead placement was an independent predictor of CRT response at 12 months (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.98; P = 0.04). The rate of LV lead–related complications requiring invasive lead revision or abandonment was significantly higher in the bipolar group (11.2% vs 4.6%; P = 0.007).ConclusionsQuadripolar leads achieve similar CRT outcomes as bipolar LV leads but with a higher implant success rate and fewer procedure‐related complications.
Rhabdomyosarcoma and rhabdomyoma associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: Local treatment strategy
Authors: Kerbrat Adeline , Beaufrere Aurelie , Neiva‐Vaz Cecilia , Galmiche Louis , Belhous Kahina , Orbach Daniel , Gauthier‐Villars Marion , Picard Arnaud , Kadlub Natacha 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article presents the case of a child presenting with a rhabdomyosarcoma associated with a fetal rhabdomyoma in the setting of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Oncologic strategy is discussed.
Effect of hygiene interventions on acute respiratory infections in childcare, school and domestic settings in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review
Authors: McGuinness Sarah L. , Barker S. Fiona , O'Toole Joanne , Cheng Allen C. , Forbes Andrew B. , Sinclair Martha , Leder Karin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesAcute respiratory infections (ARIs) disproportionately affect those living in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). We aimed to determine whether hygiene interventions delivered in childcare, school or domestic settings in LMICs effectively prevent or reduce ARIs.MethodsWe registered our systematic review with PROSPERO (CRD42017058239) and searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Scopus from inception to 17 October 2017 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) examining the impact of hygiene interventions on ARI morbidity in adults and children in community‐based settings in LMICs. We stratified data into childcare, school and domestic settings and used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to assess evidence quality.ResultsWe identified 14 cluster RCTs evaluating hand‐hygiene interventions in LMICs with considerable heterogeneity in setting, size, intervention delivery and duration. We found reduced ARI‐related absenteeism and illness in childcare settings (low‐ to moderate‐quality evidence). In school settings, we found reduced ARI‐related absenteeism and laboratory‐confirmed influenza (moderate‐ to high‐quality evidence), but no reduction in ARI illness (low‐quality evidence). In domestic settings, we found reduced ARI illness and pneumonia amongst children in urban settlements (high‐quality evidence) but not in rural settlements (low‐quality evidence), and no effect on secondary transmission of influenza in households (moderate‐quality evidence).ConclusionsEvidence suggests that hand‐hygiene interventions delivered in childcare, school and domestic settings can reduce ARI morbidity, but effectiveness varies according to setting, intervention target and intervention compliance. Further studies are needed to develop, deliver and evaluate targeted and sustainable hygiene interventions in LMICs.
Comparison of three commercially available buffy coat pooling sets for the preparation of platelet concentrates
Authors: Feys H. B. , Devloo R. , Sabot B. , Coene J. , Compernolle V. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundA disposable set for platelet concentrate (PC) preparation by the buffy coat method allows pooling of buffy coats, centrifugation and cell separation with in‐line leucocyte filtration. This study compares three commercially available pooling sets in combination with INTERCEPT pathogen inactivation (PI).Materials and methodsSets for pooling of buffy coats were from Fresenius Kabi (FRE), Macopharma (MAC) and Terumo BCT (TER). Platelet yield, recovery and concentration were compared before and after PI (n = 20). Platelet quality was assessed by annexin V binding, P‐selectin expression and PAC1 binding.ResultsThe TER pooling set had the highest platelet yield (5·39 ± 0·44 × 1011) compared with MAC (4·53 ± 0·77) and FRE (4·56 ± 0·51) prior to PI. This was the result of a significantly higher platelet concentration in the TER storage bag (1·41 ± 0·12 × 106/μL) compared with MAC (1·18 ± 0·19) and FRE (1·28 ± 0·15). However, the TER platelet content decreased by 15·6% after PI, yielding 4·55 ± 0·47 × 1011 platelets compared with smaller reductions at 9·5% for MAC (4·10 ± 0·69) and 4·4% for FRE (4·36 ± 0·52). None of the individual PC contained >106 leucocytes. The pH in TER PC was lower compared with MAC and FRE caused by a higher lactic acid production rate. Consequently, PAC1 binding after TRAP activation was lowest for TER PC on day 6. P‐selectin and annexin V were not different between suppliers.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the added value of evaluating the entire component production process when introducing a new consumable. This study helped to inform a decision on what pooling set is ideally suited for routine implementation taking into account PI.
Transition from post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension to combined pre‐ and post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension in swine: a key role for endothelin
Authors: van Duin Richard W. B. , Stam Kelly , Cai Zongye , Uitterdijk André , Garcia‐Alvarez Ana , Ibanez Borja , Danser A. H. Jan , Reiss Irwin K. M. , Duncker Dirk J. , Merkus Daphne 
Published: May 2018

Key points
Passive, isolated post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to left heart disease may progress to combined pre‐ and post‐capillary or ‘active’ PH
This ‘activation’ of post‐capillary PH significantly increases morbidity and mortality, and is still incompletely understood.
In this study, pulmonary vein banding gradually produced post‐capillary PH with structural and functional microvascular remodelling in swine.
Ten weeks after banding, the pulmonary endothelin pathway was upregulated, likely contributing to pre‐capillary aspects in the initially isolated post‐capillary PH.
Inhibition of the endothelin pathway could potentially stop the progression of early stage post‐capillary PH.
AbstractPassive, isolated post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension (IpcPH) secondary to left heart disease may progress to combined pre‐ and post‐capillary or ‘active’ PH (CpcPH) characterized by chronic pulmonary vascular constriction and remodelling. The mechanisms underlying this ‘activation’ of passive pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain incompletely understood. Here we investigated the role of the vasoconstrictor endothelin‐1 (ET) in the progression from IpcPH to CpcPH in a swine model for post‐capillary PH. Swine underwent pulmonary vein banding (PVB; n = 7) or sham‐surgery (Sham; n = 6) and were chronically instrumented 4 weeks later. Haemodynamics were assessed for 8 weeks, at rest and during exercise, before and after administration of the ET receptor antagonist tezosentan. After sacrifice, the pulmonary vasculature was investigated by histology, RT‐qPCR and myograph experiments. Pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance increased significantly over time. mRNA expression of prepro‐endothelin‐1 and endothelin converting enzyme‐1 in the lung was increased, while ETA expression was unchanged and ETB expression was downregulated. This was associated with increased plasma ET levels from week 10 onward and a more pronounced vasodilatation to in vivo administration of tezosentan at rest and during exercise. Myograph experiments showed decreased endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation to Substance P and increased vasoconstriction to KCl in PVB swine consistent with increased muscularization observed with histology. Moreover, maximal vasoconstriction to ET was increased whereas ET sensitivity was decreased. In conclusion, PVB swine gradually developed PH with structural and functional vascular remodelling. From week 10 onward, the pulmonary ET pathway was upregulated, likely contributing to pre‐capillary activation of the initially isolated post‐capillary PH. Inhibition of the ET pathway could thus potentially provide a pharmacotherapeutic target for early stage post‐capillary PH.
Metagenomic Description of Preenrichment and Postenrichment of Recalled Chapati Atta Flour Using a Shotgun Sequencing Approach
Authors: Lusk Pfefer Tina , Ramachandran Padmini , Reed Elizabeth , Kase Julie A. , Ottesen Andrea 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The bacterial microbiome of flour recalled for possible
Escherichia coli
O121 contamination was characterized before (hour 0) and after (hour 24) enrichment using shotgun sequencing. At hour 0,
Staphylococcus
(46.8 to 66.5%) and
Pantoea
(12.6 to 21.0%) bacteria were dominant. At hour 24,
Enterobacter
(28.7 to 70.9%) and
Klebsiella
(25.6 to 68.6%) bacteria dominated, and
Escherichia coli
ranged from 0.3 to 17.9%.
Optic nerve head cupping in glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy
Authors: Fard Masoud Aghsaei , Moghimi Sasan , Sahraian Alireza , Ritch Robert 
Published: May 2018

Background
Enlargement of optic disc cupping is seen both in glaucoma and in neurological disorders. We used enhanced depth imaging with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to differentiate glaucoma from non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Methods
The optic discs were scanned in this prospective comparative study, and the lamina cribrosa (LC) thickness and anterior laminar depth (ALD) in the central, superior and inferior optic nerve head, and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses, were measured.

Results
There were 31 eyes of 31 patients with severe glaucoma and 33 eyes of 19 patients with non-glaucomatous cupping. Eyes of 29 healthy controls were also enrolled. There was no significant difference in the cup-to-disc ratio and in the average peripapillary nerve fibre layer thickness between the glaucoma and non-glaucomatous cupping groups (p>0.99). The average peripapillary choroidal thickness was thinner in glaucoma eyes than in the control eyes after adjusting for age and axial length. Glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes had greater ALD and thinner LC than the control eyes (p<0.001 for both). ALDs of glaucoma eyes were deeper than non-glaucomatous eyes (p=0.01 for central ALD) when age, axial length and peripapillary choroidal thickness were included in the linear mixed model. Prelaminar thickness and LC thickness of glaucoma eyes were not different from non-glaucomatous eyes after adjusting.

Conclusion
Deeper ALD was observed in glaucoma than non-glaucomatous cupping after adjusting for choroidal thickness.
TRKA expression andNTRK1gene copy number across solid tumours
Authors: Mauri Gianluca , Valtorta Emanuele , Cerea Giulio , Amatu Alessio , Schirru Michele , Marrapese Giovanna , Fiorillo Vincenzo , Recchimuzzo Patrizia , Cavenago Ivana Stella , Bonazzina Erica Francesca , Motta Valentina , Lauricella Calogero , Veronese Silvio , Tosi Federica , Maiolani Martina , Rospo Giuseppe , Truini Mauro , Bonoldi Emanuela , Christiansen Jason , Potts Steven J , Siena Salvatore , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea 
Published: May 2018

AimsNeurotrophic Tropomyosin Kinase Receptor 1 (NTRK1) gene encodes for the protein Tropomyosin-related kinase A (TRKA). Deregulated activity of TRKA has been shown to have oncogenic potential. We present here the results of an immunohistochemical (IHC) observational cohort study of TRKA expression together with gene copy number (GCN) assessment in various solid tumours.MethodsFormalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded consecutive samples of different tumour types were tested for TRKA expression. Samples showing TRKA IHC staining in at least 10% of cells were analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation to assessNTRK1gene rearrangements and/or individual GCN gain. All patients underwent this molecular assessment within the phase I ALKA-001 clinical trial.Results1043 samples were tested and annotation for histology was available in 1023. Most of the samples were colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) (n=550, 52.7%) and lung adenocarcinoma (n=312, 29.9%). 24 samples (2.3%) were biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). Overall, 17 (1.6%) samples were characterised by TRKA IHC expression (four weak, eight moderate, five strong): 9/17 lung adenocarcinoma, 3/17 CRC, 3/17 BTC, 1/17 thyroid cancer and 1/17 cancer of unknown primary. Of these, 1/17 with strong TRKA IHC staining displayedNTRK1gene rearrangement and 15/17NTRK1GCN gain by FISH. No correlation was found between intensity of TRKA IHC staining and number of copies ofNTRK1.ConclusionsTRKA expression can be found in 1.6% of solid tumours and can be paralleled byNTRK1gene rearrangements or mostly GCN gain. The prognostic and translational therapeutic impact of the latter remains to be established.