bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive study of disorder of sex development in Staffordshire bull terrier dog
Authors: Horňáková Ľubica , Dianovský Ján , Holečková Beáta , Šiviková Katarína 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn 8‐month‐old female Staffordshire bull terrier was clinically examined because of external sexual organs abnormality—clitoral hypertrophy. As stated by the owner, the female dog had not been in heat yet. Serum profile of testosterone (3.39 ng/ml), as well as an anti‐Műllerian hormone (24.0 ng/ml), suggested the presence of testicular tissue. On the contrary, the estimated level of 17β‐oestradiol (24.6 pg/ml) was approximately two times higher when compared with the normal anoestrus values (5–10 pg/ml). A midline laparotomy was performed to detect the cranial parts of the genital system. Gonads resembling testicle or ovotestis (left) and hypoplastic testicle (right) was visible. Cranial portion of gonads was attached to structures indicative of bilateral epididymidis. The next tubular structures—oviducts were resected along with adherent parts of a hypoplastic uterus. Histological evaluation confirmed that the examined gonad samples were testicles with modified interstitial testicular tissue. Hypertrophy of interstitial space was predominantly formed by Leydig cells. Examination of a cross‐section through the head of suspected epididymidis confirmed their characteristic structures. In addition, the characteristic configuration of the oviducts was presented. The uterus consisted of three walls, in which the endometrium was hypoplastic with the presence of endometrial glands. No Y chromosome was detected by chromosomal analysis using CFA Y probe and the amplification of SRY‐gene coding region (813 bp) indicated genotype 78, XX; SRY‐negative. Sequencing of SOX9 gene exons 1–3 did not reveal any differences in exon 1 and 3. On the contrary, a few changes were determined in the SOX9 exon 2 sequences: G instead of A at position 103; C instead of reference T at position 115; GCG instead of reference CGC at position 138–140; T instead of reference C at positions 161, 164 and 167.
Metabolomics in chronic lung diseases
Authors: Nambiar Shabarinath , Bong How Sze , Gummer Joel , Trengove Robert , Moodley Yuben 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTChronic lung diseases represent a significant global burden. Their increasing incidence and complexity render a comprehensive, multidisciplinary and personalized approach to each patient, critically important. Most recently, unique biochemical pathways and disease markers have been identified through large‐scale metabolomic studies. Metabolomics is the study of metabolic pathways and the measurement of unique biomolecules in a living system. Analysing samples from different compartments such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma has proven useful for the characterization of a number of pathological conditions and offers promise as a clinical tool. For example, several studies using mass spectrometry (MS) have shown alterations in the sphingolipid metabolism of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) sufferers. In this article, we present a practical review of the application of metabolomics to the study of chronic lung diseases (CLD): COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and asthma. The insights, which the analytical strategies employed in metabolomics, have provided to the dissection of the biochemistry of CLD and future clinical biomarkers are explored.
Experiments in Lay Cues to the Relative Validity of Positions Taken by Disputing Groups of Scientists
Authors: Johnson Branden B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRisk analysis and hazard management can prompt varied intra‐scientific disputes, some which have or will become public, and thus potentially available for lay judgments of the relative validity of the positions taken. As attentive laypeople may include elites as well as the general public, understanding whether and how cues to credibility of disputing groups of scientists might shape those lay judgments can be important. Relevant literatures from philosophy, social studies of science, risk analysis, and elsewhere have identified potential cues, but not tested their absolute or relative effects. Two experiments with U.S. online panel members tested multiple cues (e.g., credentials, experience, majority opinions, research quality) across topics varying in familiarity subject to actual intra‐science disputes (dark matter, marijuana, sea‐level rise). If cues supported a position, laypeople were more likely to choose it as relatively more valid, with information quality, majority “vote,” experience, and degree source as the strongest, and interest, demographic, and values similarity as the weakest, cues. These results were similar in overall rankings to those from implicit rankings of cue reliability ratings from an earlier U.S. online survey. Proposed moderators were generally nonsignificant, but topic familiarity and subjective topic knowledge tended to reduce cue effects. Further research to confirm and extend these findings can inform both theory about citizen engagement with scientific and risk disputes, and practice in communication about science and risk.
Comparing Kaplan–Meier Curves with Delayed Treatment Effects: Applications in Immunotherapy Trials
Authors: Flandre Philippe , O’Quigley John 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe consider a comparison of Kaplan–Meier curves from clinical trials in which there may be a delayed treatment effect. Any such delay takes us outside the umbrella of a proportional hazards structure and therefore outside the setting in which the log-rank test would be optimal. The approach of Chauvel and O’Quigley based on Brownian motion approximations enables the construction of powerful tests in situations of non-proportionality and, in particular, a powerful test in the situation of delayed effect. The power of this test is seen to be very close to that of the most powerful test, which, however, is unavailable in practice. We show that the test is unbiased and consistent under general conditions. Under the null, we obtain identical large sample behaviour to the log-rank test so the type 1 error is correctly controlled. Under proportional hazards departures from the null we obtain results that indicate a manageable loss in power compared with the log-rank test. The usual sample size calculations can still provide a useful guide. Support for the theoretical findings are provided by simulations as well as illustrations from three immunotherapy clinical trials.
Exercising to offset muscle mass loss in hemodialysis patients: The disconnect between intention and intervention
Authors: McKenna Colleen F. , Salvador Amadeo F. , Hendriks Floris K. , Harris Alana P. Y. , van Loon Luc J. C. , Burd Nicholas A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSkeletal muscle loss is the most important hallmark of protein energy wasting syndrome as it contributes to declines in physical independence, poor quality of life, and higher mortality risk in individuals with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). As such, exercise and nutritional interventions have been investigated with the goal to preserve skeletal muscle mass and overall quality of life. Unfortunately, current efforts are unable to confirm the capacity of exercise to mitigate ESRD‐associated muscle wasting. However, the inconclusive data are often accompanied by suboptimal exercise prescriptions. Exercise sessions are often implemented in‐clinic during the catabolic and proinflammatory period of dialysis treatment and without concurrent nutritional support. Additionally, indirect considerations like exercise intolerance and exercise program compliance/adherence also inhibit exercise training potential. These shortcomings all stem from the current lack of understanding in skeletal muscle mass regulation within the context of ESRD and intermittent HD. As such, this review summarizes the current understanding of exercise regulation on skeletal muscle mass and ESRD‐related obstacles of anabolism to contextualize the ineffectiveness of current exercise interventions for HD patients.
Does job design make workers happy?
Authors: Böckerman Petri , Bryson Alex , Kauhanen Antti , Kangasniemi Mari 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUsing linked employer‐employee data for Finland we examine associations between job design, employee well‐being and job‐related stress. Three key findings stand out. First, in accordance with the theory of Karasek and Karasek and Theorell, job control and supervisory support are positively correlated with employee well‐being and negatively correlated with job‐related stress. Second, as predicted by theory, job demands are positively correlated with job‐related stress. Third, there is no association between job demands and employee well‐being and, contrary to expectations, neither job control nor supervisory support alleviate the negative relationship between job demands and job‐related stress. Our results confirm the importance of job design for employee well‐being.
The “ugly” face of social investment? The politics of childcare in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Szelewa Dorota , Polakowski Michał 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, we aim to understand the development dynamics of a specific area of social investment (SI), that is, childcare policies, in the context of postcommunist politics and the recent right‐wing turn that took place in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. This article identifies varieties of channels for promoting SI. First, in taking the perspective of the “mixed economy of welfare,” we argue that attempts made to introduce elements of SI to the childcare policies involved various leading roles available for either the private sector or state/public domain. Second, it is important to distinguish between implicit/unintended and explicit/intended projects both in relation to cases in which SI strategy is applied via marketization/privatization and when it involves a government‐led project. Third, we take into account the politics of SI implementation that might involve applying certain principles central to policy concepts (such as “investment”) in justifying policy instruments incompatible with original ideas. Although arguments about SI have been extensively used by Eastern European leaders, their goal has been to justify welfare reforms that were implicitly or explicitly directed towards the middle class while excluding the “nondeserving” often based on ethnic identity. We characterize Poland as a case of “implicit marketization,” the Czech Republic as a case of “explicit privatization,” and the Hungarian version of SI as a case of “explicit public dualization.” In this, we show that in some cases, the implementation of SI approaches by right‐wing populist parties might rear its “ugly” head.
Enhancing engineering education in the elementary school
Authors: Utley Juliana , Ivey Toni , Hammack Rebekah , High Karen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Next Generation Science Standards emphasizes the inclusion of engineering practices throughout the K–12 science curriculum. Therefore, elementary educators need to be knowledgeable about engineering and engineering careers so that they can expose their students to engineering. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of engineering professional development on in‐service elementary teachers’: (a) knowledge and perceptions regarding engineering, and (b) self‐efficacy of teaching engineering. This quantitative study revealed that even one professional development opportunity can help to alleviate some misconceptions about the work of engineers and what constitutes technology, as well as increase teachers’ confidence to teach engineering concepts.
Native kidney BK virus nephropathy, a systematic review
Authors: Shah Ankur , Kumar Vinayak , Palmer Matthew B. , Trofe‐Clark Jennifer , Laskin Benjamin , Sawinski Deirdre , Hogan Jonathan J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a growing base of literature describing BK nephropathy (BKVN) in patients outside of the setting of kidney transplant. Previous systematic reviews of the literature have been limited by methodology or by the scope of patients included.Study Design and MethodsSystematic Review (Prospero # CRD42018088524).Setting & PopulationPatients without kidney transplant who had biopsy‐proven BKVN.Selection Criteria for StudiesFull‐text articles that describe native BKVN patient cases.Analytical ApproachDescriptive synthesis.ResultsThe search identified 630 unique articles of which 51 were included in the final review. Sixty‐five cases (including two new cases presented in this review) were identified, all but one occurred in the setting of known immunosuppression.LimitationsThe primary limitation was the exclusion of studies that did not fulfill the stringent review criteria. We excluded reports with only a clinical diagnosis of BKVN, such as those with viruria and/or viremia without biopsy.ConclusionsAs of May 2018, there are 65 reported cases of BKVN in native kidneys. This represents the most comprehensive description of biopsy‐proven BKVN in native kidneys to date. Evaluation for BK nephropathy should be considered in immunocompromised patients who exhibit unexplained renal failure.
Trends and outcomes in multicomponent blood transfusion: an 11‐year cohort study of a large multisite academic center
Authors: Perelman Iris , Saidenberg Elianna , Tinmouth Alan , Fergusson Dean 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDMost studies reporting on blood component utilization overlook patients transfused with more than one type of blood product (multicomponent transfusion). These patients are of importance, as they are large consumers of blood products and likely have different characteristics and outcomes than nontransfused patients and patients transfused with only one blood component type. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of multicomponent transfusion at a large multisite academic center, as well as the patient characteristics and outcomes associated with multicomponent transfusion.METHODSA retrospective cohort study of transfused adult inpatients at the Ottawa Hospital between 2007 and 2017 was performed. Eligible transfusions were red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, plasma, cryoprecipitate, and/or fibrinogen concentrate. Descriptive analyses were done to determine multicomponent transfusion prevalence. Patient characteristics and outcomes associated with multicomponent transfusion were assessed using multivariable regressions.RESULTSOf 55,719 adult transfused inpatient admissions, 25% received a multicomponent transfusion. Multicomponent transfusion prevalence was highest in hematology (51%), cardiac surgery (45%), and critical care (40%) patients. Multivariable regression analysis showed that compared to RBC‐only transfusion, multicomponent transfusion was associated with increased odds of in‐hospital mortality (odds ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.26–3.73), greater odds of institutional discharge as opposed to discharge home (odds ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.15–1.30), and a 1.58 time increase in duration of hospitalization (95% CI, 1.54–1.62).CONCLUSIONMulticomponent transfusion recipients make up a large proportion of transfused patients and have poorer outcomes. It is necessary to continue studying these patients, including outcomes and transfusion appropriateness, to inform best practices.
Safety and effectiveness of hypodermoclysis compared to intravenous fluid infusion for rehydrating children with mild to moderate dehydration: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Saganski Gabrielle Freitas , de Souza Freire Márcia Helena 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness and safety of hypodermoclysis (HDC) for the rehydration of children with mild or moderate dehydration.

Introduction:
Children are particularly susceptible to dehydration, which can lead to severe gastrointestinal disturbances. Hypodermoclysis, the infusion of fluids and electrolytes via subcutaneous tissue, is an alternative route of administering fluid replacement when oral or intravenous routes are contraindicated. Although HDC is primarily used in elderly patients, there are no restrictions on its use in children. A review is needed to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of HDC for treating dehydration in children.

Inclusion criteria:
Eligible studies will include infants and children up to 10 years of age with mild or moderate dehydration based on the Gorelick scale. Studies that compare fluid infusion with HDC to intravenous administration, at either hospital or home, will be considered. Outcomes of interest will include dehydration level, safety and pain. Studies published in English, Spanish or Portugese since database inception will be considered for inclusion.

Methods:
PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus will be searched, as well as multiple sources of unpublished studies. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts against the inclusion criteria, retrieve and assess the full text of selected studies, critically appraise studies for methodological quality and extract data using a standardized extraction tool. Data will be pooled in a statistical meta-analysis, when feasible. A Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Summary of Findings will be presented.
Long non‐coding RNA activated by transforming growth factor‐β promotes proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells by regulating the miR‐144/ITGA6 axis
Authors: Zhu Yingping , Wu Yanping , Yang Liwei , Dou Xiaoqing , Jiang Jun , Wang Liangping 
Published: March 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism and biological roles of long non‐coding RNA activated by transforming growth factor‐β (lncRNA ATB) in the progression of cervical cancer.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Our study provided new insight into the cross‐talk between lncRNA ATB, miR‐144 and ITGA6, shedding light on the therapy for cervical cancer.

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanism and biological roles of long non‐coding RNA activated by transforming growth factor‐β (lncRNA ATB) in the progression of cervical cancer. The expression levels of lncRNA ATB, miR‐144 and integrin α6 (ITGA6) were detected in human cervical cancer cell lines using quantitative real‐time PCR and western blotting. Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay at 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after transfection, and cell invasion was determined by the Transwell migration assay. The association among lncRNA ATB, miR‐144 and ITGA6 was disclosed by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. We found that lncRNA ATB was highly expressed in human cervical cancer cell lines. Further investigation indicated that lncRNA ATB functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR‐144 to promote cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion. We demonstrated that ITGA6 was a direct target of miR‐144, and lncRNA ATB facilitated the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells via the miR‐144/ITGA5 axis. In conclusion, the lncRNA ATB/miR‐144/ITGA6 axis might be a promising therapeutic target for cervical cancer.
Cerebellar repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation restores pharyngeal brain activity and swallowing behaviour after disruption by a cortical virtual lesion
Authors: Sasegbon Ayodele , Watanabe Masahiro , Simons Andre , Michou Emilia , Vasant Dipesh H. , Magara Jin , Bath Philip M. , Rothwell John , Inoue Makoto , Hamdy Shaheen 
Published: March 2019

Key points
Despite evidence that the human cerebellum has an important role in swallowing neurophysiology, the effects of cerebellar stimulation on swallowing in the disrupted brain have not been explored.
In this study, for the first time, the application of cerebellar neurostimulation is characterized in a human model of disrupted swallowing (using a cortical virtual lesion).
It is demonstrated that cerebellar stimulation can reverse the suppressed activity in the cortical swallowing system and restore swallowing function in a challenging behavioural task, suggesting the findings may have important therapeutic implications.
AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can alter neuronal activity within the brain with therapeutic potential. Low frequency stimulation to the ‘dominant’ cortical swallowing projection induces a ‘virtual‐lesion’ transiently suppressing cortical excitability and disrupting swallowing behaviour. Here, we compared the ability of ipsi‐lesional, contra‐lesional and sham cerebellar rTMS to reverse the effects of a ‘virtual‐lesion’ in health. Two groups of healthy participants (n = 15/group) were intubated with pharyngeal catheters. Baseline pharyngeal motor evoked potentials (PMEPs) and swallowing performance (reaction task) were measured. Participants received 10 min of 1 Hz rTMS to the pharyngeal motor cortex which elicited the largest PMEPs to suppress cortical activity and disrupt swallowing behaviour. Over six visits, participants were randomized to receive 250 pulses of 10 Hz cerebellar rTMS to the ipsi‐lesional side, contra‐lesional side or sham while assessing PMEP amplitude or swallowing performance for an hour afterwards. Compared to sham, active cerebellar rTMS, whether administered ipsi‐lesionally (P = 0.011) or contra‐lesionally (P = 0.005), reversed the inhibitory effects of the cortical ‘virtual‐lesion’ on PMEPs and swallowing accuracy (ipsi‐lesional, P < 0.001, contra‐lesional, P < 0.001). Cerebellar rTMS was able to reverse the disruptive effects of a ‘virtual lesion’. These findings provide evidence for developing cerebellar rTMS into a treatment for post‐stroke dysphagia.
Measures of central sensitisation and their measurement properties in the adult musculoskeletal trauma population: a protocol for a systematic review and data synthesis
Authors: Middlebrook Nicola , Rushton Alison B , Heneghan Nicola R , Falla Deborah 
Published: March 2019

IntroductionPain following musculoskeletal trauma is common with poor outcomes and disability well documented. Pain is complex in nature and can include the four primary mechanisms of pain: nociceptive, neuropathic, inflammatory and central sensitisation (CS). CS can be measured in multiple ways; however, no systematic review has evaluated the measurement properties of such measures in the musculoskeletal trauma population. This systematic review aims to evaluate the measurement properties of current measures of CS in this population.Methods/analysisThis protocol is informed and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-P. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, ZETOC, Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar as well as key journals and grey literature will be searched in two stages to (1) identify what measures are being used to assess CS in this population and (2) evaluate the measurement properties of the identified measures. Two independent reviewers will conduct the search, extract the data, assess risk of bias for included studies and assess overall quality. The Consensus-based Standards for the selection of Health Measurement Instruments Risk of Bias Checklist and a modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation guidelines will be used. Meta-analysis will be conducted if deemed appropriate. Alternatively, a narrative synthesis will be conducted and summarised per measurement property per outcome measure.Ethics and disseminationThis review will aid clinicians in using the most appropriate tool for assessing central sensitisation in this population and is the first step towards a more standardised approach in pain assessment. The results of this study will be submitted to a peer reviewed journal and presented at conferences.PROSPERO registrationnumberCRD42018091531.