bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Trapping of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron and Magnetosonic Waves by Background Plasmas
Authors: Yuan Zhigang , Yu Xiongdong , Ouyang Zhihai , Yao Fei , Huang Shiyong , Funsten H. O. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and fast magnetosonic waves are found to be simultaneously modulated by background plasma density: both kinds of waves were observed in high plasma density regions but vanished in low‐density regions. Theoretical analysis based on Snell's law and linear growth theory has been utilized to investigate the physical mechanisms driving such modulation. It is suggested that the modulation of fast magnetosonic waves might be due to trapping by plasma density structures, which results from the conservation of the parameter Q during their propagation. Here Q = nrsinψ, with n as the refractive index, r as the radial distance, and ψ as the wave azimuthal angle. As for electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, the modulation might be owed to the ion composition difference between different plasma density regions. Our results indicate the alternative mechanism for the simultaneous appearance of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves and fast magnetosonic waves (rather than wave excitations of both two wave emissions), which might take combined effects on the evolution of radiation belt electrons.
Contribution of ULF Wave Activity to the Global Recovery of the Outer Radiation Belt During the Passage of a High‐Speed Solar Wind Stream Observed in September 2014
Authors: Da Silva L. A. , Sibeck D. , Alves L. R. , Souza V. M. , Jauer P. R. , Claudepierre S. G. , Marchezi J. P. , Agapitov O. , Medeiros C. , Vieira L. E. A. , Wang C. , Jiankui S. , Liu Z. , Gonzalez W. , Dal Lago A. , Rockenbach M. , Padua M. B. , Alves M. V. , Barbosa M. V. G. , Fok M.‐C. , Baker D. , Kletzing C. , Kanekal S. G. , Georgiou M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnergy coupling between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere can affect the electron population in the outer radiation belt. However, the precise role of different internal and external mechanisms that leads to changes of the relativistic electron population is not entirely known. This paper describes how ultralow frequency (ULF) wave activity during the passage of Alfvénic solar wind streams contributes to the global recovery of the relativistic electron population in the outer radiation belt. To investigate the contribution of the ULF waves, we searched the Van Allen Probes data for a period in which we can clearly distinguish the enhancement of electron fluxes from the background. We found that the global recovery that started on 22 September 2014, which coincides with the corotating interaction region preceding a high‐speed stream and the occurrence of persistent substorm activity, provides an excellent scenario to explore the contribution of ULF waves. To support our analyses, we employed ground‐ and space‐based observational data and global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and calculated the ULF wave radial diffusion coefficients employing an empirical model. Observations show a gradual increase of electron fluxes in the outer radiation belt and a concomitant enhancement of ULF activity that spreads from higher to lower L‐shells. Magnetohydrodynamic simulation results agree with observed ULF wave activity in the magnetotail, which leads to both fast and Alfvén modes in the magnetospheric nightside sector. The observations agree with the empirical model and are confirmed by phase space density calculations for this global recovery period.
Dynamics of Megaelectron Volt Electrons Observed in the Inner Belt by PROBA‐V/EPT
Authors: Pierrard V. , Lopez Rosson G. , Botek E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUsing the observations of the EPT (Energetic Particle Telescope) onboard the satellite PROBA‐V, we study the dynamics of inner and outer belt electrons from 500 keV to 8 MeV during quiet periods and geomagnetic storms. This high time‐resolution (2‐s) spectrometer operating at the altitude of 820 km on a low polar orbit is providing continuously valuable electrons fluxes for already 5 years. We emphasize especially that some megaeleactron volt electrons are observed in low quantities in the inner belt, even during periods when they are not observed by Van Allen Probes. We show that they are not due to proton contamination but to clear injections of particles from the outer belt during strong geomagnetic storms of March and June 2015, and September 2017. Electrons with lower energy are injected also during less strong storms and the L shell of the electron flux peak in the outer belt shifts inward with a high dependence on the electron energy. With the new high‐resolution EPT instrument, we can study the dynamics of relativistic electrons, including megaelectron volt electrons in the inner radiation belt, revealing how and when such electrons are injected into the inner belt and how long they reside there before being scattered into the Earth's atmosphere or lost by other mechanisms.
Multi‐Instrumental Observation of Storm‐Induced Ionospheric Plasma Bubbles at Equatorial and Middle Latitudes
Authors: Cherniak Iurii , Zakharenkova Irina , Sokolovsky Sergey 
Published: February 2019

AbstractJune solstice is considered as a period with the lowest probability to observe typical equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) in the postsunset period. The severe geomagnetic storm on 22–23 June 2015 has drastically changed the situation. Penetrating electric fields associated with a long‐lasting southward IMF support favorable conditions for postsunset EPBs generation in the dusk equatorial ionosphere for several hours. As a result, the storm‐induced EPBs were progressively developed over a great longitudinal range following the sunset terminator. The affected area has a large longitudinal range of ~100° in the American sector and a rather localized zone of ~20° in longitude in the African sector. Plasma depletions of equatorial origin were registered at midlatitudes (30°–40° magnetic latitude) of both hemispheres in the African and American longitudinal sectors. We examine global features of the large‐scale plasma depletion by using a combination of ground‐based and space‐borne measurements—ground‐based Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite System (GPS/GNSS) networks, Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) GPS Radio Occultation (RO), Swarm upward looking GPS data, and in situ plasma density observations provided by Swarm, Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS), and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) missions. Joint analysis of the satellite observations revealed that these storm‐induced EPBs structures had extended over 500 km in altitude, at least from ~350 to ~850 km. These irregularities caused strong amplitude and phase scintillations of GPS/GNSS signals for ground‐based and space‐borne (COSMIC RO) measurements and seriously affected performance of navigation‐based services.
Solar Rotation Period Driven Modulations of Plasmaspheric Density and Convective Electric Field in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Thaller S. A. , Wygant J. R. , Cattell C. A. , Breneman A. W. , Tyler E. , Tian S. , Engel A. , De Pascuale S. , Kurth W. S. , Kletzing C. A. , Tears J. , Malaspina David M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper presents the first analysis of Van Allen Probes measurements of the cold plasma density and electric field in the inner magnetosphere to show that intervals of strong modulation at the solar rotation period occur in the locations of the outer plasmasphere and plasmapause (~0.7 RE peak‐to‐peak), in the large‐scale electric field (~0.24 mV/m peak‐to‐peak), and in the cold plasma density (~250 to ~70 cm−3 peak‐to‐peak). Solar rotation modulation of the inner magnetosphere is more apparent in the declining phase of the solar cycle than near solar maximum. The periodicities in these parameters are compared to solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance, solar wind dawn‐dusk electric field, and Kp. The variations in the plasmapause location at the solar rotation period anticorrelate with solar wind electric field, magnetospheric electric field, and Kp, but not with extreme ultraviolet irradiance, indicating that convective erosion is the dominant physical process controlling the plasmapause at these timescales.
An Improved Ionosonde‐Based Parameter to Assess Sporadic E Layer Intensities: A Simple Idea and an Algorithm
Authors: Haldoupis Christos 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the long era of sporadic E layer (Es) ionosonde research, the ordinary wave critical frequency foEs is used as a measure of Es layer occurrence and intensity. This practice, however, undermines that sporadic E layers are in fact metal ion layers, whereas foEs relates inherently to the sum of both the layer metal and the regular E region plasma densities. This means that foEs acts as an overestimate of Es intensity, a fact that somehow has been overlooked and escaped attention. To deal with this deficiency, an algorithm is introduced which combines the ionosonde‐measured foEs and virtual height h'Es parameters with International Reference Ionosphere model predictions of E region electron densities, to arrive at a new critical frequency which depends on sporadic E metal plasma density only; therefore, it represents an unbiased estimate of Es layer intensity. The extensive use of foEs in numerous sporadic E studies must have introduced errors in various results in relation with the Es variability in the time, frequency, and space domains. It is therefore important that this new parameter, notated as foμEs, is now adopted and used instead of foEs in the evaluation of sporadic E. The same methodology applies also for the sporadic E blanketing critical frequency fbEs, which at times is taken as an alternative estimate of Es intensity; similarly, a new parameter, notated as fbμEs, should be used instead of fbEs.
Estimate of Turbulent Energy Dissipation Rate From the VHF Radar and Radiosonde Observations in the Antarctic
Authors: Kohma M. , Sato K. , Tomikawa Y. , Nishimura K. , Sato T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study estimated the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates (TKEDRs) from 1‐year observations of the Program of the Antarctic Syowa Mesosphere‐Stratosphere‐Troposphere/Incoherent Scatter radar (PANSY radar) from October 2015 to September 2016 and compared the results with estimates from radiosonde measurements based on Thorpe's method. The radar‐based estimates showed that the TKEDR at Syowa Station was on the order of 10−5–10−3 m2/s3 in the altitude range of 1.5–19 km. Taking the proportional constant for Thorpe's method (the ratio of the Thorpe scale to Ozmidov scale) as unity, the radiosonde‐based measurements show values of TKEDR larger than radar‐based estimates by a factor of 2–5. The difference in the TKEDR between radiosonde‐ and radar‐based estimates is larger in the middle and upper troposphere than in the stratosphere. According to previous observational and numerical studies, Thorpe's method tends to overestimate the TKEDR for deep overturning layers. It is confirmed that the depth of the overturning layer is negatively correlated with the difference between radiosonde‐ and radar‐based estimates. The seasonal variation was also examined. An analysis using the distance from the local tropopause level showed that the local maximum in the TKEDR around the tropopause is particularly clear in austral summer. This is likely connected to the seasonality in the gravity wave activity in the Antarctic stratosphere.
The Importance of the One‐Dimensional Assumption in Soil Moisture ‐ Rainfall Depth Correlation at Varying Spatial Scales
Authors: Holgate C. M. , Van Dijk A. I. J. M. , Evans J. P. , Pitman A. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInferring local land‐atmosphere coupling through correlation of colocated soil moisture and future rainfall inherently assumes a one‐dimensional (1‐D) framing of the coupling mechanism. For the first time we demonstrate the importance of upholding this assumption by examining the statistical relationship between daily soil moisture and rainfall depths over Australia, specifying spatial scales (0.05°, 0.5°, 1°, and 2.5°) to constrain the relationship to local‐only physical processes. At small scales, without consideration of the 1‐D assumption, strong land‐atmosphere coupling is suggested across much of the country. However, when adhering to a 1‐D framework, small sample sizes make correlation unsuitable for assessing local coupling at these small scales. When adhering to a 1‐D framework, at scales of 0.5° and above, we find positive correlations in northern Australia in the wet and transition seasons and negative correlations in southern Australia in austral winter. The correlation is scale dependent, suggesting that as spatial resolutions increase in the future and land‐atmosphere coupling heterogeneity is resolved, spatial distributions of local coupling may differ from larger‐scale estimates characteristic of current coarse resolution climate models.
Nitrate Pathways, Processes, and Timing in an Agricultural Karst System: Development and Application of a Numerical Model
Authors: Husic A. , Fox J. , Adams E. , Ford W. , Agouridis C. , Currens J. , Backus J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNitrogen (N) contamination within agricultural‐karst landscapes and aquifers is widely reported; however, the complex hydrological pathways of karst make N fate difficult to ascertain. We developed a hydrologic and N numerical model for agricultural‐karst, including simulation of soil, epikarst, phreatic, and quick flow pathways as well as biochemical processes such as nitrification, mineralization, and denitrification. We tested the model on four years of nitrate (NO3−) data collected from a phreatic conduit and an overlying surface channel in the Cane Run watershed, Kentucky, USA. Model results indicate that slow to moderate flow pathways (phreatic and epikarst) dominate the N load and account for nearly 90% of downstream NO3− delivery. Further, quick flow pathways dilute NO3− concentrations relative to background aquifer levels. Net denitrification distributed across soil, epikarst, and phreatic water removes approximately 36% of the N inputs to the system at rates comparable to nonkarst systems. Evidence is provided by numerical modeling that NO3− accumulation via evapotranspiration in the soil followed by leaching through the epikarst acts as a control on spring NO3− concentration and loading. Compared to a fluvial‐dominated immature karst system, mature‐karst systems behave as natural detention basins for NO3−, temporarily delaying NO3− delivery to downstream waters and maintaining elevated NO3− concentrations for days to weeks after hydrologic activity ends. This study shows the efficacy of numerical modeling to elucidate complex pathways, processes, and timing of N in karst systems.
Socio‐Hydrology in Perspective—Circa 2018
Authors: Hall Jim W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe special section on socio‐hydrology is one of most successful in Water Resources Research, containing more than 30 articles, with many more submitted. As we would hope for a special section, this is just the start, and we continue to receive a flow of papers that either explicitly describe themselves as socio‐hydrology or are addressing the challenges of coupled human and water systems. In this Editorial, we reflect upon the scope and nature of those articles and make some tentative suggestions about future directions and the realistic ambition for socio‐hydrology.
Assessment of Functional Outcomes of an Interdisciplinary Inpatient Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Robinson Merideth , Ward Cynthia M. , Shieh Beverly S. , Armstrong Bridget , Docimo Marissa A. , Celedon Ximena , Rybczynski Suzanne , Levey Eric , Slifer Keith J. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of the current study was to replicate and extend the program outcome analysis previously reported by Maynard, Amari, Wieczorek, Christensen, and Slifer (2010) by evaluating and describing the effectiveness of the same inpatient interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program using standardized measures not included in the original study. The current study examined functional ability; subjective pain experience; school status; social functioning; mood; and anxiety at admission, discharge, and follow-up. Additionally, the study examined differences in treatment response across pain diagnoses. Method: A retrospective chart review of 59 patients, aged 9–20 years, was conducted. Pain-related disability, depression, anxiety, social functioning, and school attendance were assessed at admission, discharge and at 3, 12, and 24 months of follow-up. Results: Patients showed statistically significant improvements in pain-related disability (youth and parent report), depression, anxiety, social functioning, and school attendance. As expected based on prior research, the study did not find significant differences in self-reported pain severity between admission and discharge. Additionally, participants with head pain showed less change in parent-reported functional disability than participants with musculoskeletal, abdominal, or other types of pain. Preliminary follow-up data showed maintenance or improvement in school attendance and community participation despite intermittent emergency room (ER)/hospital visits. Conclusion: The inpatient interdisciplinary rehabilitation approach is effective in improving pain-related disability, depression, anxiety, social functioning, school attendance, and community participation, which adds to the body of literature supporting intensive interdisciplinary treatment for children and adolescents with chronic pain. The current study suggests that an intensive interdisciplinary approach may be effective for a wide variety of chronic pain conditions. Implications for Impact Statement This study examines the effectiveness of an inpatient interdisciplinary rehabilitation approach to treatment of chronic pain. The study found that participants showed significant improvements in pain-related disability, depression, anxiety, social functioning, and school attendance, although participants with head pain showed less improvement in parent-reported functional disability than other diagnoses. Preliminary data also suggest maintenance or improvement in functional outcomes after discharge.
Effectiveness of Family-Based Treatment for Pediatric Eating Disorders in a Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Coelho Jennifer S. , Beach Barbara , O’Brien Karina , Marshall Sheila , Lam Pei-Yoong 
Published: February 2019

Objective: A retrospective chart review was conducted to investigate outcomes in children and adolescents who entered family-based treatment (FBT) in a tertiary eating disorders treatment setting that offers treatment across the continuum of care (i.e., outpatient, day treatment, and inpatient services). Method: Chart data were extracted for children and adolescents who received FBT during the study period (2010–2016). Results: A total of 62 individuals were included in the database, 51 of whom (82.3%) were underweight (i.e., less than 95% median body mass index) at FBT start. The majority of the sample (84.3%) who were underweight at FBT admission achieved at least partial weight restoration. A portion of the sample (21%) was discharged to a more intensive treatment (i.e., day treatment or inpatient care). Weight at FBT start was examined as a potential predictor of outcomes; however, those starting FBT at a lower weight were not more likely to require intensive treatment services. Conclusions: Overall, the study supports the effectiveness of FBT in a tertiary care setting, including for those starting FBT at a very low initial body weight (that is, less than 78% median body mass index). Implications for outpatient clinical care of pediatric eating disorders will be discussed. Implications for Impact Statement Family-based treatment (FBT) for pediatric eating disorders appears to be effective in real-world settings outside of controlled research trials. Children and adolescents who start FBT at a very low initial body weight are not more likely than those who start FBT at a higher body weight to require more intensive treatment (e.g., day treatment or inpatient admission). Initial body weight at FBT start does not appear to be a pertinent criterion for determination of FBT suitability.
Cell division cycle associated 5 promotes colorectal cancer progression by activating the ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Shen Aling , Liu Liya , Chen Hongwei , Qi Fei , Huang Yue , Lin Jiumao , Sferra Thomas Joseph , Sankararaman Senthilkumar , Wei Lihui , Chu Jianfeng , Chen Youqin , Peng Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCell division cycle associated 5 (CDCA5) is implicated in the development and progression of a variety of human cancers. Functional significance of CDCA5 in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, has not been investigated. Using a combination of on-line data mining, biochemistry, and molecular biology, we examined the potential oncogenic activity of CDCA5 and the underlying mechanisms. Experiments with human tissue sample showed increased CDCA5 expression in CRC vs. in noncancerous adjacent tissue, and association of CDCA5 upregulation in CRC tissues with shorter patient survival. Also, representative CRC cell-lines had higher CDCA5 expression vs. fetal colonic mucosal cells. CDCA5 knockdown using lentivirus-mediated shRNA inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis in cultured HCT116 and HT-29 cells, and suppressed the growth of xenograft in nude mice. CDCA5 knockdown decreased the expression of CDK1 and CyclinB1, increased caspase-3 activity, cleaved PARP and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. CDCA5 knockdown also significantly decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and expression of c-jun. Taken together, these findings suggest a significant role in CRC progression of CRC, likely by activating the ERK signaling pathway.