bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Habitat Use to Social Behavior: Natural History of a Voiceless Poison Frog, Dendrobates tinctorius
Authors: Rojas Bibiana , Pašukonis Andrius 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDescriptive studies of natural history have always been a source of knowledge on which experimental work and scientific progress rely. Poison frogs are a well-studied group of small Neotropical frogs with diverse parental behaviors, distinct calls, and bright colors that warn predators about their toxicity; and a showcase of advances in fundamental biology through natural history observations. The dyeing poison frog, Dendrobates tinctorius, is emblematic of the Guianas region, widespread in the pet-trade, and increasingly popular in research. This species shows several unusual behaviors, such as the lack of advertisement calls and the aggregation around tree-fall gaps, which remain poorly described and understood. Here, we summarize our observations from a natural population of D. tinctorius in French Guiana collected over various field trips between 2009 and 2017; our aim is to provide groundwork for future fundamental and applied research spanning parental care, animal dispersal, disease spread, habitat use in relation to color patterns, and intra specific communication, to name a few. We report sex differences in habitat use and the striking invasion of tree-fall gaps; describe their courtship and aggressive behaviors; document egg development and tadpole transport; and discuss how the knowledge generated by this study could set the grounds for further research on the behavior, ecology, and conservation of this species.
Sensitivity of single units in the LSO of decerebrate cat to sinusoidally amplitude modulated tones
Authors: Greene Nathaniel T. , Davis Kevin A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTFluctuations in amplitude are a common component of behaviorally important sound stimuli. Amplitude modulation (AM) is encoded by the peripheral auditory system in the timing of discharge spikes, and, more centrally, in the discharge rate. The mechanism producing this transformation from a time- to rate-based code is not known, but recent modeling efforts have suggested a role for neurons with response characteristics consistent with cells in the lateral superior olive (LSO). The responses of single units in the LSO of unanesthetized decerebrate cat were recorded to monaural sinusoidally amplitude modulated (SAM) tones by systematically varying sound level and modulation frequency (fm), and are described in terms of synchronization to the envelope and average discharge rate as a function of fm. LSO units typically synchronize strongly to low fm, and discharge preferentially (i.e. more strongly) over a small range of fm in response to low level SAM tones. At higher sound levels synchronization decreases and response rate increases until most or all modulation in the response is lost. These results contrast with responses recorded in the barbiturate-anesthetized cat, which tend to respond to most low-frequency modulations, and are consistent with LSO as an intermediate processing stage between the peripheral temporal- and central rate-based code for AM sounds.
Diversity and function of fungi associated with the fungivorous millipede,Brachycybe lecontii
Authors: Macias Angie M. , Marek Paul E. , Morrissey Ember M. , Brewer Michael S. , Short Dylan P.G. , Stauder Cameron M. , Wickert Kristen L. , Berger Matthew C. , Metheny Amy M. , Stajich Jason E. , Boyce Greg , Rio Rita V. M. , Panaccione Daniel G. , Wong Victoria , Jones Tappey H. , Kasson Matt T. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFungivorous millipedes (subterclass Colobognatha) likely represent some of the earliest known mycophagous terrestrial arthropods, yet their fungal partners remain elusive. Here we describe relationships between fungi and the fungivorous millipede,Brachycybe lecontii. Their fungal community is surprisingly diverse with 176 genera, 39 orders, and four phyla and includes several undescribed species. Of particular interest are twelve genera conserved across wood substrates and millipede clades that comprise the core fungal community ofB. lecontii.Wood decay fungi, long speculated to serve as the primary food source forBrachycybespecies, were absent from this core assemblage and proved lethal to millipedes in pathogenicity assays while entomopathogenic Hypocreales were more common in the core but had little effect on millipede health. This study represents the first survey of fungal communities associated with any colobognath millipede, and these results offer a glimpse into the complexity of millipede fungal communities.
Defining the dynamic chromatin landscape of nephron progenitors
Authors: Hilliard Sylvia , Song Renfang , Liu Hongbing , Chen Chao-hui , Li Yuwen , Baddoo Melody , Flemington Erik , Wanek Alanna , Kolls Jay , Saifudeen Zubaida , El-Dahr Samir S. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTSix2+ cap mesenchyme cells, also called nephrons progenitor cells (NPC), are precursors of all epithelial cell types of the nephron, the filtering unit of the kidney. Current evidence indicates that perinatal “old” NPC have a greater tendency to exit the progenitor niche and differentiate into nascent nephrons than their embryonic “young” counterpart. Understanding the underpinnings of NPC aging may offer insights to rejuvenate old NPC and expand the progenitor pool. Here, we compared the chromatin landscape of young and old NPC and found common features reflecting their shared lineage but also intrinsic differences in chromatin accessibility and enhancer landscape supporting the view that old NPC are epigenetically poised for differentiation. Annotation of open chromatin regions and active enhancers uncovered the transcription factor Bach2 as a potential link between the pro-renewal MAPK/AP1 and pro-differentiation Six2/b-catenin pathways that might be of critical importance in regulation of NPC fate. Our data provide the first glimpse of the dynamic chromatin landscape of NPC and serve as a platform for future studies of the impact of genetic or environmental perturbations on the epigenome of NPC.Summary statementHilliard et al. investigated the chromatin landscape of native Six2+ nephron progenitors across their lifespan. They identified age-dependent changes in accessible chromatin and regulatory regions supporting the view that old nephron progenitors are epigenetically poised for differentiation.
Precursors to Chunking Vanish as Working Memory Capacity Is Exceeded
Authors: Ershova Regina , Tarnow Eugen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is known that working memory capacity is limited. But what exactly happens if it is exceeded? Is the excess simply dropped or does it affect the items that are within the capacity of working memory? Here we show that as the capacity of working memory is exceeded, a rudimentary type of learning vanishes, namely, the probability of pairing items in the order of presentation.Free recall of 500 Russian college students was measured using the Tarnow Unchunkable Test (Tarnow, 2014) consisting of sets of 3 and 4 double digit items. The average working memory capacity is exceeded with four items.In the three item test, even though items were constructed to be unchunkable, there were asymmetric associations: recalling item N was more sensitive to whether item N-1 is recalled than the other way around. These asymmetric associations are presumably precursors of “chunking” and learning.The asymmetric associations between items 1 and 2 and items 2 and 3 were similar. As the working memory capacity is exceeded in the four item test, the asymmetric association for the subject group halved from item 1 to item 2 (p=0.32) and disappeared completely from items 2 to 3 (large effect size: η2 =0.79, p=0.001) and there were no asymmetric associations from items 3 to 4.
Activity of a long-acting injectable bedaquiline formulation in a paucibacillary mouse model of latent tuberculosis infection
Authors: Kaushik Amit , Ammerman Nicole C. , Tyagi Sandeep , Saini Vikram , Vervoort Iwan , Lachau-Durand Sophie , Nuermberger Eric , Andries Koen 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe potent anti-tuberculosis activity and long half-life of bedaquiline make it an attractive candidate for long-acting/extended release formulations for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Our objective was to evaluate a long-acting injectable (LAI) bedaquiline formulation in a validated paucibacillary mouse model of LTBI. Following immunization with Mycobacterium bovis rBCG30, BALB/c mice were challenged by aerosol infection with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Treatment began 13 weeks after challenge infection with one of the following regimens: untreated negative control; positive controls of daily rifampin (10 mg/kg), once-weekly rifapentine (15 mg/kg) and isoniazid (50 mg/kg), or daily bedaquiline (25 mg/kg); test regimens of one, two, or three monthly doses of LAI bedaquiline at 160 mg/dose (BLAI-160); and test regimens of daily bedaquiline at 2.67 (B2.67), 5.33 (B5.33), or 8 (B8) mg/kg to deliver the same total bedaquiline as one, two, or three doses of BLAI-160, respectively. All drugs were administered orally, except for BLAI-160 (intramuscular injection). The primary outcome was the decline in M. tuberculosis lung CFU counts during 12 weeks of treatment. The negative and positive control regimens performed as expected. One, two, and three doses of BLA-160 resulted in decreases of 2.9, 3.2, and 3.5 log10 CFU/lung, respectively by week 12. Daily oral dosing with B2.67, B5.33, and B8 decreased lung CFU counts by 1.6, 2.8, and 4.1 log10, respectively. One dose of BLAI-160 exhibited activity for at least 12 weeks. The sustained activity of BLAI-160 indicates promise as a short-course LTBI treatment requiring few patient encounters to ensure treatment completion.
Persistence of traditional and emergence of new structural drivers and factors for the HIV epidemic in rural Uganda; a qualitative study
Authors: Bajunirwe Francis , Akakimpa Denis , Tumwebaze Flora P. , Abongomera George , Mugyenyi Peter N. , Kityo Cissy M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn Uganda, the HIV epidemic is now mature and generalized. Recently, there have been reports of resurgence in the incidence of HIV after several years of successful control. The causes for this resurgence are not clear but suspected to be driven by structural factors that influence large groups of people rather than individuals. The aim of this study was to describe the structural drivers of the HIV epidemic and inform the next generation of interventions.MethodologyWe conducted a total of 35 focus group discussions in 11 districts in Uganda. Focus groups consisted of men and women including opinion leaders, civil servants including teachers, police officers, religious, political leaders, shop keepers, local residents and other ordinary persons from all walks of life. The qualitative data were transcribed and analyzed manually. Texts were coded using a coding scheme which was prepared ahead of time but emerging themes and codes were also allowed.ResultsOur data indicated there is persistence of several structural drivers and factors for HIV in rural Uganda. The structural drivers of HIV were divided into three categories: Gender issues, socio-cultural, and economic drivers. The specific drivers included several gender issues, stigma surrounding illness, traditional medical practices, urbanization, alcohol and substance abuse and poverty. New drivers arising from urbanization, easy access to mobile phone, internet and technological advancement have emerged. These drivers are intertwined within an existing culture, lifestyle and the mixture is influenced by modernization.ConclusionThe traditional structural drivers of HIV have persisted since the emergence of the HIV epidemic in Uganda and new ones have emerged. All these drivers may require combined structural interventions that are culturally and locally adapted in order to tackle the resurgence in incidence of HIV in Uganda.
Earth-to-space and high-speed “air” transportation: an aerospaceplane design
Authors: Kehayas Nikolaos 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to attempt an aerospaceplane design with the objective of Low-Earth-Orbit-and-Return-to-Earth (LEOARTE) under the constraints of safety, low cost, reliability, low maintenance, aircraft-like operation and environmental compatibility. Along the same lines, a “sister” point-to-point flight on Earth Suborbital Aerospaceplane is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach
The LEOARTE aerospaceplane is based on a simple design, proven low risk technology, a small payload, an aerodynamic solution to re-entry heating, the high-speed phase of the outgoing flight taking place outside the atmosphere, a propulsion system comprising turbojet and rocket engines, an Air Collection and Enrichment System (ACES) and an appropriate mission profile.

Findings
It was found that a LEOARTE aerospaceplane design subject to the specified constraints with a cost as low as 950 United States Dollars (US$) per kilogram into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) might be feasible. As indicated by a case study, a LEOARTE aerospaceplane could lead, among other activities in space, to economically viable Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP). Its “sister” Suborbital aerospaceplane design could provide high-speed, point-to-point flights on the Earth.

Practical implications
The proposed LEOARTE aerospaceplane design renders space exploitation affordable and is much safer than ever before.

Originality/value
This paper provides an alternative approach to aerospaceplane design as a result of a new aerodynamically oriented Thermal Protection System (TPS) and a, perhaps, improved ACES. This approach might initiate widespread exploitation of space and offer a solution to the high-speed “air” transportation issue.
Institutional foundations of disaster risk reduction policy
Authors: De Majo Veronica , Olsson Jan 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and elaborate on how institutional conditions work to the advantage and disadvantage of disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies on different levels in two countries.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative case study design is used to study empirically two countries with very different traditions when it comes to political-administrative institutions: Argentina and Sweden.

Findings
As expected, the institutional foundations of DRR policy in Sweden are shown to be more consistent and stable than in Argentina. However, this difference is of less importance when considering the crucial role of local practices. National institutional foundations can function as support – but is not a necessary condition – for building disaster preparedness on the ground. The authors argue that national governments cannot do without institutionalized praxis-based preparedness, which is vital for both effective emergency management and learning.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the disaster research debate by elaborating on institutional arrangements that can facilitate or hinder DRR strategies in a multi-level context. The main argument is that institutional practices on the ground are important to compensate for insufficient national institutions, either because they are weak or too distant from practical DRR. The authors also elaborate on how institutional practices can function as a source for learning and for building legitimate practical authority from the bottom up.
Marked inside and out: an exploration of perceived stigma of the tattooed in the workplace
Authors: Flanagan Jennifer L. , Lewis Vance Johnson 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to gain better understanding of the attitudes toward those with tattoo(s) – by both those with and without tattoos – within the workplace. Specifically, this paper works to gain better understanding of attitudes toward those within specific employment and workplace groups.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized a self-administered Likert scaled original survey through a combined random and snowball sampling method. Results were analyzed using quantitative statistical analysis based on responses to attitudinal questions and demographic factors.FindingsThe results of this study indicate that negative attitudes toward tattoos are diminishing, and that there is an ever shrinking gap in negative attitudes between those with and those without tattoos.Research limitations/implicationsWhile intended to be an exploratory exercise, this study may have been limited by the participant base. Even with a high number of responses, the random and snowball sampling of the participants may have resulted in clusters of data which may not be transferable across the population. Future studies should seek more closed collection of the data within specific organizations or controlled participant groups.Originality/valueThis study makes a new contribution to the literature as it is one of the first studies to specifically ask those with tattoos how they feel about others with tattoos. It is also one of the first academic articles, rather than journalistic, which explores attitudes toward tattoos within specific organizations.
Perceived job quality, work-life interference and intention to stay
Authors: Cheng Zhiming , Nielsen Ingrid , Cutler Henry 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between aged care employees’ perceived job quality and intention to stay in current aged care facilities, mediated by work-life interference.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the nationally representative employee–employer matched data from the 2012 National Aged Care Workforce Census and Survey in Australia. It applies the theoretical lens of the Job Characteristics Model and a mediation analytical model that controls for a rich set of employee, employer and regional characteristics.FindingsThis paper finds that higher perceived job quality positively correlates with greater intention to stay and that work-life interference mediates the relationship between perceived job quality and intention to stay.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper cannot make inference about causal relationship. Future studies on the aged care workforce should collect longitudinal data so that time-invariant unobservables can be eliminated in econometric modelling.Practical implicationsEfforts by the aged care sector to design quality jobs are likely to have significant positive correlation with the intention to stay, not only because employees are less likely to leave higher quality jobsper se, but also because higher quality jobs interfere less in the family lives of aged care workers, which itself is associated with greater intention to stay.Originality/valueThe results add to a small literature that has investigated how work-family variables can mediate between interventions that organisations put in place to improve work-life balance, and employee outcomes.
Leverage and employee compensation – the perspective of human capital
Authors: Lin Hsuan-Chu , Liang Shao-Huai , Chiu She-Chih , Chen Chieh-Yuan 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically test the predictions in Titman (1984) and Berket al.(2010) which indicate that firms with higher leverage will pay chief executive officer (CEO) and employee more. In addition, this paper examines whether financial distressed firms utilize leverage as a bargaining tool to reduce labor costs.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducts ordinary least squares regression analysis to investigate: CEO compensation which represents critical employees and lower-level employee compensation which represents less critical employees. Empirical data consist of US publicly held companies during the period between 2006 and 2013.FindingsThis paper finds that firms with higher levels of leverage tend to compensate employees for their human capital risk and that financially distressed firms consider leverage a bargaining tool by which to depress labor costs, which leads to lower employee compensation as compared to that of financially healthy firms.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper highlights the importance of keeping balance between human capital and labor costs. In the case that human capital risk might not be fully compensated by firms facing financial distress, vicious cycle could occur because a failure of considering human capital might invite unrecoverable consequence. This could be done in future research.Originality/valueThis paper has three contributions. First, this paper supports the Titman (1984) and Berket al.(2010) by empirically documenting that high-leveraged firms compensate their employees for potential human capital risk. Second, this paper adds to the literature by empirically providing that human capital risk might not be fully compensated if the firms are facing financial distress. Finally, this paper contributes to the authorities by showing that employees’ interests may be sacrificed if the firm is under financial distress.
Brand Origin Recall Accuracy (BORECA): a new measure of brand origin salience
Authors: Abdellah-Kilani Fatma , Zorai Rihab 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize and test a new concept named “Brand Origin RECall Accuracy” (BORECA) that assesses consumers’ ability to recall accurately the origins of brands they are aware of. It measures consumers’ brand awareness and brand origin (BO) awareness for a given product category.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the accessibility–diagnosticity model and the limitations of the brand origin recognition accuracy concept, the authors propose and test the BORECA concept focusing on one product category (apparel) in an emerging country context, i.e. Tunisia (Mena). A sample of 374 respondents were surveyed on country-of-origin (COO)-category awareness, brand awareness, BO awareness and foreign vs local brand quality evaluation. Descriptive statistics, correlation indices, MANOVA and linear regression analysis were used in data analysis.

Findings
Results show a substantial BORECA score, i.e. highly accurate awareness of the origins of the recalled brands, affected by respondents’ age, gender and education level. The average BORECA score for local brands is higher than for foreign brands. The local BORECA score seems to positively correlate to respondents’ evaluation of local brand quality and negatively to foreign (dominant COO category) brands.

Research limitations/implications
Based on an aided recall task rather than simple recognition, BORECA provides a deeper assessment of brand awareness and BO awareness. The pressure induced by the task (knowledge test + retrieval effort) may cause anxiety bias that inhibits the recall of other brands and BOs.

Practical implications
Nationalistic and ethnocentric tendencies emerging in the findings point to some branding strategies for both local and foreign companies.

Originality/value
The paper provides a good indication of BO salience in an emerging economy. It seeks to explain the impact of the BORECA score for local brands on the perceived quality of both local and foreign brands.