bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why don't students recognize creative learning opportunities in a biomedical science program?
Authors: Kim Alice M. , Speed Caroline J. , Macaulay Janet O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCreativity is a uniquely human trait and it is the force behind many modern advancements. Due to the rapid changes seen across the economy and society, creativity has become highly valued and is in increasing demand by employers. To prepare students to meet this demand, many education stakeholders (such as Monash University) have incorporated creativity into their ethos. However, preliminary analysis of the learning objectives of the Bachelor of Biomedical Science degree (program) at Monash University identified little reference to creativity, even though one of its Graduate Attributes is to become a “creative scholar.” The aims of this study were to ascertain the biomedical science students' perception of creativity in the program and to evaluate the program's core units (subjects) for creative learning opportunities. The data shows that students perceived a lack of creativity in the program. However, using Bloom's taxonomy's definition of create, an evaluation of the creative learning opportunities in the core Biomedical Science units identified the presence of a variety of creative opportunities. This discrepancy between student perceptions and learning opportunities lead to the question: Why do not students recognize creative learning opportunities? From the survey responses and mapping data, three reasons were identified: students' lack of awareness of a Graduate attribute, a lack of explicit reference to creativity at the program and unit level, and students' lack of understanding of creativity. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(6):656–668, 2019.
A novel and nonderivatization method for the determination of valproic acid in human serum by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography
Authors: Liu Wei , Shang Xiang , Yao Shuyong , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel and robust two‐dimensional liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method (2D‐LC–UV) was developed and validated for high‐throughput determination of the concentrations of valproic acid (VPA) in human plasma. This 2D‐LC system was composed of a first‐dimensional LC column, a second‐dimensional LC column and an intermediate transfer column. The sample was directly injected into the 2D‐LC system after an easy protein precipitation treatment. After online preconcentration and primary separation by the first‐dimensional column, the target was captured by an intermediate column and then transferred to second‐dimensional column for analysis. The system transferred the target through “central cutting” mode whereby the drug peak was not subject to interference from the matrix. The analysis cycle time was completed within 7.0 min. Compared with other methods that have been developed, the analysis time was reduced and the operation was much easier without any derivatization. The calibration curve was linear over the 5.90–188.94 μg/ml range for the VPA concentrations. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were <5.6%. The recoveries were in the range from 95.2 to 98.0%. This method appears to be sensitive, precise, rapid and low‐cost for the quantification of VPA in serum sample.
Analysis of concordance with antiemetic guidelines in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with cancer using a large‐scale administrative database
Authors: Bun Seiko , Kunisawa Susumu , Sasaki Noriko , Fushimi Kiyohide , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Yamatani Akimasa , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectThe appropriate use of antiemetics is important for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV); however, little is known about the rate of concordance with antiemetic guidelines for CINV in the field of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult.MethodsUsing the Diagnosis Procedure Combination system in Japan, we identified patients <30 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer between July 2010 and March 2016. We have assessed concordance with the ASCO antiemetic guidelines for each emetic risk category of chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, we have assessed the risk factors of discordance with the antiemetic guidelines using a logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 21 106 patients who underwent chemotherapy were included. The rates of concordance with the guidelines in each emetic risk category of chemotherapeutic drugs were 51.1% in high risk, ≥18 years of age; 21.5% in high risk, <18 years of age; 32.1% in moderate risk; 52.0% in low risk; and 51.6% in minimal risk. The main reason for the discordance was underuse of antiemetics, especially steroids. The factors for discordance were younger age, use of moderate and high emetic risk chemotherapeutic drugs, hematological malignancy, and brain tumor.ConclusionThere is substantial scope to improve the antiemetic practice and reduce the risk of discordance with the antiemetic guidelines in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients. The risk factors are different from those in adults. Further investigations to evaluate the causes of discordance are warranted.
A feasible CT feature to differentiate focal‐type autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Chaobin , Rong Dailin , Hu Wanming , Cai Qian , Yang Qiuxia , Mao Yize , Zhang Rong , Li Shengping , Lv Yanchun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate whether the relative computed tomography (CT) value (rCT) of adjacent pancreatic parenchyma can distinguish focal‐type autoimmune pancreatitis (fAIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsA total of 13 patients with fAIP and 20 patients with PDAC were included in this study. The rCT was calculated as the ratio of the CT value of adjacent pancreatic parenchyma to that of muscle. The diagnostic performance of rCT for discriminating fAIP from PDAC was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.ResultsBoth fAIP and PDAC presented hyper‐fibrosis histologically and delayed enhancement on CT examination. Moreover, the pancreatic parenchyma of fAIP presented serious inflammation. The mean rCT of the parenchyma was significantly lower in fAIP than in PDAC in all phases. The best diagnostic performance of the rCT value was found in the pancreatic phase, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.912, while the areas under the ROC curve of the portal and delayed phases were 0.812 and 0.754, respectively. The optimal cut‐off value for distinguishing fAIP from PDAC was 1.62 in the pancreatic phase.ConclusionsThe rCT of the pancreatic parenchyma during the pancreatic phase may be a feasible CT feature for differentiating fAIP from PDAC.
Synthesis of Amido Sulfonamido Heteroaromatics Under Ultrasonication and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Gari Divya Kuppi Reddy , Lakshmi Teja Gaddam , Yamini Gudi , Padmaja Adivireddy , Padmavathi Venkatapuram 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA convenient and facile methodology for N‐sulfonylation of heteroaryl amines with ethyl chlorosulfonylacetate in the presence of dispersed sodium in THF under ultrasonication is reported. The corresponding heteroaryl sulfonamido esters are directly condensed with heteroaryl amines to get amido sulfonamido heteroaromatics in the presence of a mild base in THF under ultrasonication. Utilization of easy reaction conditions, shorter reaction times, and isolation of products in high yields under ultrasonication make this process as economically viable. The compounds 12c, 12d, 12f and 13f are potential antibacterial agents against B. subtilis and the compounds 12f, 13c and 13f are potential antifungal agents against A. niger.
Lamprey Parapinopsin (“UVLamP”): a Bistable UV‐Sensitive Optogenetic Switch for Ultrafast Control of GPCR Pathways
Authors: Eickelbeck Dennis , Rudack Till , Tennigkeit Stefan Alexander , Surdin Tatjana , Karapinar Raziye , Schwitalla Jan‐Claudius , Mücher Brix , Shulman Maiia , Scherlo Marvin , Althoff Philipp , Mark Melanie D. , Gerwert Klaus , Herlitze Stefan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOptogenetics uses light‐sensitive proteins, so‐called optogenetic tools, for highly precise spatiotemporal control of cellular states and signals. The major limitations of such tools include the overlap of excitation spectra, phototoxicity, and lack of sensitivity. The protein characterized in this study, the Japanese lamprey parapinopsin, which we named UVLamP, is a promising optogenetic tool to overcome these limitations. Using a hybrid strategy combining molecular, cellular, electrophysiological, and computational methods we elucidated a structural model of the dark state and probed the optogenetic potential of UVLamP. Interestingly, it is the first described bistable vertebrate opsin that has a charged amino acid interacting with the Schiff base in the dark state, that has no relevance for its photoreaction. UVLamP is a bistable UV‐sensitive opsin that allows for precise and sustained optogenetic control of G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways and can be switched on, but more importantly also off within milliseconds via lowintensity short light pulses. UVLamP exhibits an extremely narrow excitation spectrum in the UV range allowing for sustained activation of the Gi/o pathway with a millisecond UV light pulse. Its sustained pathway activation can be switched off, surprisingly also with a millisecond blue light pulse, minimizing phototoxicity. Thus, UVLamP serves as a minimally invasive, narrow‐bandwidth probe for controlling the Gi/o pathway, allowing for combinatorial use with multiple optogenetic tools or sensors. Because UVLamP activated Gi/o signals are generally inhibitory and decrease cellular activity, it has tremendous potential for health‐related applications such as relieving pain, blocking seizures, and delaying neurodegeneration.
Experimental models of maternal–fetal interface and their potential use for nanotechnology applications
Authors: de Araújo Thádia Evelyn , Milián Iliana Claudia Balga , de Souza Guilherme , da Silva Rafaela José , Rosini Alessandra Monteiro , Guirelli Pâmela Mendonça , Franco Priscila Silva , Barbosa Bellisa Freitas , Ferro Eloisa Amália Vieira , da Costa Idessania Nazareth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring pregnancy, the placenta regulates the transfer of oxygen, nutrients, and residual products between the maternal and fetal bloodstreams and is a key determinant of fetal exposure to xenobiotics from the mother. To study the disposition of substances through the placenta, various experimental models are used, especially the perfused placenta, placental villi explants, and cell lineage models. In this context, nanotechnology, an area of study that is on the rise, enables the creation of particles on nanometric scales capable of releasing drugs aimed at specific tissues. An important reason for furthering the studies on transplacental transfer is to explore the potential of nanoparticles (NPs), in new delivery strategies for drugs that are specifically aimed at the mother, the placenta, or the fetus and that involve less toxicity. Due to the fact that the placental barrier is essential for the interaction between the maternal and fetal organisms as well as the possibility of NPs being used in the treatment of various pathologies, the aim of this review is to present the main experimental models used in studying the maternal–fetal interaction and the action of NPs in the placental environment.
Multiple management strategies to prolong gestational period after radical trachelectomy
Authors: Ito Masami , Yoneda Satoshi , Shiozaki Arihiro , Fukuta Kaori , Yoneda Noriko , Saito Shigeru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPreterm premature rupture of membranes and massive genital bleeding in the second trimester are serious obstetrical problems in pregnancy after trachelectomy. We had managed a twin post‐trachelectomy pregnancy by multiple strategies, and two healthy infants were delivered at 32+5 weeks, although the optimum management for such patients is unknown.
Photocatalytic H2 Evolution: Dealloying as Efficient Tool for the Fabrication of Rh‐decorated TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Sheikhzadeh Mohsen , Hejazi Seyedsina , Mohajernia Shiva , Tomanec Ondrej , Mokhtar Mohamed , Alshehri Abdulmohsen , Sanjabi Sohrab , Zboril Radek , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this work, we report on a facile and novel method for decorating titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes with Rh nanoparticle‐nanonetworks that act as co‐catalysts in photocatalytic H2 generation. In a first step, a Ti−Rh (0.2 at%) alloy is etched in Kroll's solution leading to a dealloyed surface decorated with a Rh nanoparticle‐network of adjustable geometry and loading. By subsequent anodization of the alloy samples, Rh:TiO2 nanotubes can be grown where the tube mouths are strongly decorated with the Rh nanoparticle network (RhNw). As evident from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, these Rh oxide Nws are converted to metallic Rh under UV irradiation. As a result, with time a steady increase of the H2 evolution from the RhNw decorated TiO2 nanotubes is observed. Nanotubes carrying RhNw yield in photocatalytic experiments a 5‐times higher H2 evolution activity in comparison with nanotubes decorated by conventional Rh‐sputtering (the same loading), and show a 228 times higher activity than pristine TiO2 nanotubes.
Ultrafine Ag Nanoparticles as Active Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Kang Wen‐Jing , Cheng Chuan‐Qi , Li Zhe , Feng Yi , Shen Gu‐Rong , Du Xi‐Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAg nanoparticles with different sizes were produced by laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) through tuning laser energy. As the catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic medium, Ag nanoparticles show strong size‐dependent activity, and the smallest Ag nanoparticles with average size of 3 nm display a low overpotential of 96 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 76.10 mV dec−1, being superior to Ag foil and commercial Ag powder. The excellent performance is attributed to the large exposed surface, low coordination number, moderate hydrogen adsorption energy, and low charge transfer resistance.
Chemical Mimics of Aspartate‐Directed Proteases: Predictive and Strictly Specific Hydrolysis of a Globular Protein at Asp−X Sequence Promoted by Polyoxometalate Complexes Rationalized by a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach
Authors: Ly Hong Giang T. , Mihaylov Tzvetan T. , Proost Paul , Pierloot Kristine , Harvey Jeremy N. , Parac‐Vogt Tatjana N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCreating efficient and residue‐directed artificial proteases is a challenging task due to the extreme inertness of the peptide bond, combined with the difficulty of achieving specific interactions between the catalysts and the protein side chains. Herein we report strictly site‐selective hydrolysis of a multi‐subunit globular protein, hemoglobin (Hb) from bovine blood, by a range of ZrIV‐substituted polyoxometalates (Zr‐POMs) in mildly acidic and physiological pH solutions. Among 570 peptide bonds in Hb, selective cleavage was observed at only eleven sites, each occurring at Asp−X peptide bonds located in the positive patches on the protein surface. The molecular origins of the observed Asp−X selectivity were rationalized by means of molecular docking, DFT‐based binding, and mechanistic studies on model peptides. The proposed mechanism of hydrolysis involves coordination of the amide oxygen to ZrIV followed by a direct nucleophilic attack of the side chain carboxylate group on the C‐terminal amide carbon atom with formation of a cyclic anhydride, which is further hydrolyzed to give the reaction products. The activation energy for the cleavage of the structurally related Glu−X sequence compared to Asp−X was calculated to be higher by 1.4 kcal mol−1, which corresponds to a difference of about one order of magnitude in the rates of hydrolysis. The higher activation energy is attributed to the higher strain present in the six‐membered ring of glutaric anhydride (Glu−X), as compared to the five‐membered ring of the succinic anhydride (Asp−X) intermediate. Similarly, the cleavage at X−Asp and X−Glu bonds are predicted to be kinetically less likely as the corresponding activation energies were 6 kcal mol−1 higher, explaining the experimentally observed selectivity. The synergy between the negatively charged polyoxometalate cluster, which binds at positive patches on protein surfaces, and selective activation of Asp−X peptide bonds located in these regions by ZrIV ions, results in a novel class of artificial proteases with aspartate‐directed reactivity, which is very rare among naturally occurring proteases.
An Anionic Ring Locked into an Anionic Axle: A Metastable Rotaxane with Chemically Activated Electrostatic Stoppers
Authors: Luna‐Ixmatlahua Rubi A. , Carrasco‐Ruiz Anayeli , Cervantes Ruy , Vela Alberto , Tiburcio Jorge 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe use of the electrostatic stoppers concept in the field of mechanically interlocked molecules is reported; these stoppers are chemically sensitive end groups on a linear guest molecule that allows for the conversion of a pseudo‐rotaxane species into a rotaxane complex by a change in the medium acidity. The chemical stimulus causes the appearance of negative charges on both ends of the linear component, passing from cationic to anionic, and causing a significant ring‐to‐axle electrostatic repulsion. This phenomenon has two different and simultaneous effects: 1) destabilizes the complex as a consequence of confining an anionic ring into an anionic axle, and 2) increases the dissociation energy barrier, thus impeding ring extrusion. This newly formed metastable rotaxane species is resistant to solvent and temperature effects and performs as a two‐state degenerated molecular shuttle in solution.
An Experimental Acidity Scale for Intramolecularly Stabilized Silyl Lewis Acids
Authors: Künzler Sandra , Rathjen Saskia , Merk Anastasia , Schmidtmann Marc , Müller Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new NMR‐based Lewis acidity scale is suggested and its application is demonstrated for a family of silyl Lewis acids. The reaction of p‐fluorobenzonitrile (FBN) with silyl cations that are internally stabilized by interaction with a remote chalcogenyl or halogen donor yields silylated nitrilium ions with the silicon atom in a trigonal bipyramidal coordination environment. The 19F NMR chemical shifts and the 1J(CF) coupling constants of these nitrilium ions vary in a predictable manner with the donor capability of the stabilizing group. The spectroscopic parameters are suitable probes for scaling the acidity of Lewis acids. These new probes allow for the discrimination between very similar Lewis acids, which is not possible with conventional NMR tests, such as the well‐established Gutmann–Beckett method.
Valence Photoionization of Thymine: Ionization Energies, Vibrational Structure, and Fragmentation Pathways from the Slow to the Ultrafast
Authors: Majer Katharina , Signorell Ruth , Heringa Maarten F. , Goldmann Maximilian , Hemberger Patrick , Bodi Andras 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe photoionization of thymine has been studied by using vacuum ultraviolet radiation and imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy after aerosol flash vaporization and bulk evaporation. The two evaporation techniques have been evaluated by comparison of the photoelectron spectra and breakdown diagrams. The adiabatic ionization energies for the first four electronic states were determined to be 8.922±0.008, 9.851±0.008, 10.30±0.02, and 10.82±0.01 eV. Vibrational features have been assigned for the first three electronic states with the help of Franck–Condon factor calculations based on density functional theory and wave function theory vibrational analysis within the harmonic approximation. The breakdown diagram of thymine, as supported by composite method ab initio calculations, suggests that the main fragment ions are formed in sequential HNCO‐, CO‐, and H‐loss dissociation steps from the thymine parent ion, with the first step corresponding to a retro‐Diels–Alder reaction. The dissociation rate constants were extracted from the photoion time‐of‐flight distributions and used together with the breakdown curves to construct a statistical model to determine 0 K appearance energies of 11.15±0.16 and 11.95±0.09 eV for the m/z 83 and 55 fragment ions, respectively. These results have allowed us to revise previously proposed fragmentation mechanisms and to propose a model for the final, nonstatistical H‐loss step in the breakdown diagram, yielding the m/z 54 fragment ion at an appearance energy of 13.24 eV.
Adsorptive Separation of Acetylene from Ethylene in Isostructural Gallate‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Li Liangying , Guo Lidong , Zhao Yingcai , Xie Danyan , Zhang Zhiguo , Yang Qiwei , Yang Yiwen , Bao Zongbi , Ren Qilong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe separation of acetylene from ethylene is of paramount importance in the purification of chemical feedstocks for industrial manufacturing. Herein, an isostructural series of gallate‐based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), M‐gallate (M=Ni, Mg, Co), featuring three‐dimensionally interconnected zigzag channels, the aperture size of which can be finely tuned within 0.3 Å by metal replacement. Controlling the aperture size of M‐gallate materials slightly from 3.69 down to 3.47 Å could result in a dramatic enhancement of C2H2/C2H4 separation performance. As the smallest radius among the studied metal ions, Ni‐gallate exhibits the best C2H2/C2H4 adsorption separation performance owing to the strongest confinement effect, ranking after the state‐of‐the‐art UTSA‐200a with a C2H4 productivity of 85.6 mol L−1 from 1:99 C2H2/C2H4 mixture. The isostructural gallate‐based MOFs, readily synthesized from inexpensive gallic acid, are demonstrated to be a new top‐performing porous material for highly efficient adsorption of C2H2 from C2H4.
Revefenacin, a Long‐Acting Muscarinic Antagonist, Does Not Prolong QT Interval in Healthy Subjects: Results of a Placebo‐ and Positive‐Controlled Thorough QT Study
Authors: Borin Marie T. , Barnes Chris N. , Darpo Borje , Pendyala Srikanth , Xue Hongqi , Bourdet David L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRevefenacin is a novel once‐daily, lung‐selective, long‐acting muscarinic antagonist developed as a nebulized inhalation solution for the maintenance treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In a randomized, 4‐way crossover study, healthy subjects received a single inhaled dose of revefenacin 175 µg (therapeutic dose), revefenacin 700 µg (supratherapeutic dose), and placebo via standard jet nebulizer, and a single oral dose of moxifloxacin 400 mg (open‐label) in separate treatment periods. Electrocardiograms were recorded, and pharmacokinetic samples were collected serially after dosing. The primary end point was the placebo‐corrected change from baseline QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia's formula, analyzed at each postdose time. Concentration‐QTc modeling was also performed. Following administration of revefenacin 175 and 700 µg, placebo‐corrected change from baseline QTcF (ΔΔQTcF) values were close to 0 at all times, with the largest mean ΔΔQTcF of 1.0 millisecond (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.2 to 3.1 milliseconds) 8 hours postdose and 1.0 millisecond (95%CI, −1.1 to 3.1 milliseconds) 1 hour postdose after inhalation of revefenacin 175 and 700 µg, respectively. Revefenacin did not have a clinically meaningful effect on heart rate (within ±5 beats per minute of placebo), or PR and QRS intervals (within ±3 and ±1 milliseconds of placebo, respectively). Using concentration‐QTc modeling, an effect of revefenacin > 10 milliseconds can be excluded within the observed plasma concentration range of up to ≈3 ng/mL. Both doses of revefenacin were well tolerated. These results demonstrate that revefenacin does not prolong the QT interval.