bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing profile of eating disorders between 1963 and 2004 in a Japanese sample
Authors: Nakai Yoshikatsu , Nin Kazuko , Noma Shun'ichi , Teramukai Satoshi , Fujikawa Kei , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate possible changes in the demographic and clinical characteristics of Japanese patients with eating disorders using a consecutive series of patients who presented at Kyoto University Hospital between 1963 and 2004. We also studied cultural factors related to eating disorders over time.MethodWe completed a retrospective review of a cohort of patients using a checklist based on the DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria. Patients seen from 1963 to 1974 (Period I, n = 26), 1975 to 1984 (Period II, n = 97), 1985 to 1994 (Period III, n = 540), and 1995 to 2004 (Period IV, n = 700) were compared.ResultsIn this study, patients with restrictive eating appeared in the early 1960s. Patients with binge eating and purging behaviors appeared in the mid‐1970s and thereafter increased over time. The number of patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa dramatically increased in Period III. The proportion of patients with binge eating increased, while the proportion of patients with restrictive eating decreased over time. All patients with anorexia nervosa in the 1960s had fat phobia and disturbed body image, but none of them reported dieting for slimness.DiscussionThe prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with eating disorders significantly changed across the four time periods. In terms of cultural factors, present findings suggest that factors beyond industrialization, modernization and westernization may be necessary for the development of eating disorders, and these factors may change with the times.
Seedling growth responses to species‐, neighborhood‐, and landscape‐scale effects during tropical forest restoration
Authors: Charles Lachlan S. , Dwyer John M. , Smith Tobias J. , Connors Sophie , Marschner Petra , Mayfield Margaret M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCentral to the success of restoration plantings within abandoned pastures is the appropriate selection of species that can establish and grow rapidly to form canopies to suppress grasses. However, species selection can be difficult, largely due to combinations of biotic and abiotic factors operating across multiple spatial scales that can affect seedling growth rates. Using a large replicated restoration experiment in Australia's Wet Tropics, we evaluated seedling growth rates of 24 native rainforest species commonly used in local restoration efforts over the first 31 months post‐planting. We investigated the influence of landscape, site, and planting conditions on early‐stage seedling growth and whether functional traits and surrounding neighborhood density and composition explain variation in seedling growth rates. Seedling growth rates were influenced by numerous stem‐, species‐, plot‐, and climate‐level factors, with the strength of these effects strongly dependent on the size of the seedling. Specifically, species with low wood densities and larger seeds grew faster. In response to plot‐scale and climate factors, larger seedlings consistently displayed faster growth, demonstrating the benefits of initial seedling size for seedling success. Our study highlights that early‐stage seedling growth can be influenced by many factors, operating across multiple spatial scales. Importantly, we demonstrate that planting larger seedlings may improve seedling growth and that developing strategies to increase the survival of fast‐growing low wood density species is crucial for ensuring that plantings can achieve canopy closure quickly, improving early to mid‐term trajectories of tropical forest recovery.
Personality in faces: Implicit associations between appearance and personality
Authors: Jones Alex L. , Tree Jeremy J. , Ward Robert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHow accurate are the spontaneous trait inferences made to faces? Here we measured implicit associations between facial appearance and personality traits, using faces conveying objective appearances of Extraversion and Agreeableness. In the standard or “uncrossed” conditions of Experiment 1, we found that descriptions of high and low Agreeableness and Extraversion were spontaneously and accurately associated with their objective trait appearance. In Experiment 2, to test the specificity of this effect, we “crossed” the Implicit Association Tests, pairing faces conveying high and low Extraversion with words describing characteristics of high and low Agreeableness, and the reverse. We found evidence for associations specific to objective appearance of Agreeableness, and a general halo effect relating to Extraversion. We conclude that spontaneous assessment of personality from faces can be accurate, and can be based on trait‐specific as well as general visual cues.
The world may not be just for you but you'd better not say it: On the social value of expressing personal belief in a just world
Authors: Alves Hélder Vinagreiro , Pereira Cícero Roberto , Sutton Robbie M. , Correia Isabel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe expression of personal belief in a just world (PBJW) has been discussed as a criterion of excellence in social judgments. In four experimental studies we hypothesized and found that targets who express high versus low PBJW are judged as more: (i) deserving of success and (ii) suited to socio‐organizational expectations. The four studies show that suitability to socio‐organizational expectations mediates the relation between PBJW expressed and success deservingness, even after controlling for judgments of likability, status, rationality, optimism, and targets as victims. Studies 2 and 3 show this pattern occurs regardless of target performance appraisal. Study 4 indicates that expressing low PBJW decreases the social value of individuals, but expressing high PBJW does not increase it. We discuss the impact of PBJW expression on people's lives, namely on upward social mobility of members of low‐status groups, and the influence of the negativity bias on judgments caused by PBJW expression.
Hedging systematic risk in the commodity market with a regime‐switching multivariate rotated generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model
Authors: Lien Donald , Lee Hsiang‐Tai , Sheu Her‐Jiun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a regime‐switching multivariate rotated BEKK generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH; RS‐MRBEKK) model for optimal futures hedging is proposed. The basic structure of the RS‐MRBEKK model is to rotate returns with spectral decomposition and fit the rotated returns with a Markov regime‐switching BEKK covariance structure that is computationally attractive for modeling higher‐dimensional regime‐switching GARCH dynamics. The empirical results reveal that adding additional commodity index futures to capture the commodity price comovement under regime switching improves hedging performance. The more parsimonious RS‐MRBEKK is statistically no worse than the conventional nonrotated regime‐switching BEKK, illustrating the usefulness of RS‐MRBEKK in higher‐dimensional hedging applications.
Platelet count and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio as prognostic markers for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Takenaka Yukinori , Oya Ryohei , Kitamiura Takahiro , Ashida Naoki , Shimizu Kotaro , Takemura Kazuya , Yamamoto Yoshifumi , Uno Atsuhiko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThrombocytosis is associated with the prognosis of various types of cancer. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prognostic impact of platelet count and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe systematically searched electronic databases and identified articles reporting an association between platelet count or PLR and HNSCC prognosis. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) were extracted, and the pooled HRs were estimated using random effect models.ResultsEight studies that enrolled 4096 patients and 9 studies that enrolled 2327 patients were included in the platelet count and PLR analyses, respectively. A platelet count greater than the cutoff value was associated with poor OS (HR 1.81; 95% CI 1.16‐2.82) and any PLR greater than the cutoff value was associated with poor OS (HR 1.64; 95% CI 1.13‐2.37).ConclusionElevated platelet count and PLR are associated with poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC.
Spatially distributed tracer‐aided modelling to explore water and isotope transport, storage and mixing in a pristine, humid tropical catchment
Authors: Dehaspe Joni , Birkel Christian , Tetzlaff Doerthe , Sánchez‐Murillo Ricardo , Durán‐Quesada Ana María , Soulsby Chris 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRapidly transforming headwater catchments in the humid tropics provide important resources for drinking water, irrigation, hydropower, and ecosystem connectivity. However, such resources for downstream use remain unstudied. To improve understanding of the behaviour and influence of pristine rainforests on water and tracer fluxes, we adapted the relatively parsimonious, spatially distributed tracer‐aided rainfall–runoff (STARR) model using event‐based stable isotope data for the 3.2‐km2 San Lorencito catchment in Costa Rica. STARR was used to simulate rainforest interception of water and stable isotopes, which showed a significant isotopic enrichment in throughfall compared with gross rainfall. Acceptable concurrent simulations of discharge (Kling–Gupta efficiency [KGE] ~0.8) and stable isotopes in stream water (KGE ~0.6) at high spatial (10 m) and temporal (hourly) resolution indicated a rapidly responding system. Around 90% of average annual streamflow (2,099 mm) was composed of quick, near‐surface runoff components, whereas only ~10% originated from groundwater in deeper layers. Simulated actual evapotranspiration (ET) from interception and soil storage were low (~420 mm/year) due to high relative humidity (average 96%) and cloud cover limiting radiation inputs. Modelling suggested a highly variable groundwater storage (~10 to 500 mm) in this steep, fractured volcanic catchment that sustains dry season baseflows. This groundwater is concentrated in riparian areas as an alluvial–colluvial aquifer connected to the stream. This was supported by rainfall–runoff isotope simulations, showing a “flashy” stream response to rainfall with only a moderate damping effect and a constant isotope signature from deeper groundwater (~400‐mm additional mixing volume) during baseflow. The work serves as a first attempt to apply a spatially distributed tracer‐aided model to a tropical rainforest environment exploring the hydrological functioning of a steep, fractured‐volcanic catchment. We also highlight limitations and propose a roadmap for future data collection and spatially distributed tracer‐aided model development in tropical headwater catchments.
Taurine abrogates mammary carcinogenesis through induction of apoptosis in Sprague‐Dawley rats
Authors: Vanitha Manickam Kalappan , Anandakumar Pandi , Sakthisekaran Dhanapal 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most severe problems in oncology. Taurine is a sulfur‐containing amino acid with vital biological functions. The current study was intended to investigate the abnormalities in the expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins that lead to the progression of 7,12‐dimethyl benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)–induced breast cancer and to expose the protective effect of taurine on it. Rats were induced with DMBA by gastric intubation to induce breast cancer. Breast cancer–bearing animals were posttreated with taurine. The breast tumors induced by DMBA, analyzed in the current study, were characterized by increased protein/DNA expression of Bcl‐2 associated with downregulation in the expression of p53, Bax, and caspases. Taurine treatment reverted all the above changes induced by DMBA and inhibited the development of rat breast carcinoma through its ability to induce apoptosis.
Study on the levels of glycosylated lipoprotein in patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis
Authors: Luo Wei , He Yong , Ding Fei , Nie Xin , Li Xiao‐Ling , Song Hao‐Lan , Li Gui‐Xing 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe main risk factors for atherosclerosis patients are not fully explicated. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of blood lipid and glycosylated lipoprotein in patients with coronary artery atherosclerosis and healthy individuals and to study the relationship between the glycosylated lipoprotein and atherosclerosis.MethodsThe study involved 200 patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction caused by coronary atherosclerosis as case group and 230 healthy individuals as control group. We analyzed and contrasted the levels of blood lipid and glycosylated lipoprotein between the different groups. In addition, we investigated the correlation between glycosylated low‐density lipoprotein (G‐LDL) and glucose levels.ResultsThere is no statistical difference between the level of TG in case group and control group. The level of CHOL, HDL‐C, and LDL‐C in case group is significantly lower than that in control group (3.90 [3.23, 4.42] vs 5.16 [4.86, 5.77] [mmol/L]; 1.09 [0.83, 1.38] vs 1.46 [1.15, 1.80] [mmol/L]; 2.22 [1.68, 2.81] vs 2.95 [2.60, 3.27] [mmol/L]) (P < 0.05). The level of GLU, HbA1c, G‐HDL, and G‐LDL in case group is significantly higher than that in control group (7.10 [5.68, 9.27] vs 4.84 [4.68, 5.07] [mmol/L]; 6.8 [6.3, 7.4] vs 5.9 [5.6, 6.1] [%]; 30.08 [25.04, 40.17] vs 22.95 [18.14, 27.06] [ng/mL], 6.26 [4.95, 7.50] vs 3.61 [2.66, 5.15] [ng/mL]) (p < 0.05). The level of G‐LDL in patients with coronary atherosclerosis was relevant with the level of GLU and HbA1c (r = 0.625, 0.706, P < 0.05), and there was no relevance with LDL‐C (r = 0.331, P > 0.05).ConclusionHyperlipidemia is not an important cause of coronary atherosclerosis. High glucose levels and glycosylated lipoprotein are of high importance in the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis.
FAME‐04: A Phase 1 trial to assess the safety, acceptability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of film and gel formulations of tenofovir
Authors: Bunge Katherine E , Dezzutti Charlene S , Hendrix Craig W , Marzinke Mark A , Spiegel Hans M L , Moncla Bernard J , Schwartz Jill L , Meyn Leslie A , Richardson‐Harman Nicola , Rohan Lisa C , Hillier Sharon L 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionFast‐dissolving vaginal film formulations release antiretroviral drugs directly into vaginal fluid and may be as efficient at drug delivery yet more acceptable to women than gels. In this Phase 1 vaginal film study, the safety, acceptability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two doses of tenofovir (TFV) film and TFV 1% gel were compared to corresponding placebo formulations.MethodsSeventy‐eight healthy HIV negative women were randomized to self‐insert daily vaginal film (10 mg TFV, 40 mg TFV or placebo) or 4 mL of vaginal gel (TFV 1% [40 mg] or placebo) for seven days. Grade 2 and higher adverse events (AEs) related to study product were compared across study arms using Fisher's exact test. Plasma TFV concentrations were measured before and 2 hours after last product use. Paired cervical and vaginal tissue biopsies obtained 2 hours after the last dose were measured to determine tenofovir diphosphate (TFV‐DP) concentrations and exposed to HIV in an ex vivo challenge assay. Acceptability was assessed through questionnaire.ResultsThere was only one grade 2 or higher related AE, the primary endpoint; it occurred in the placebo gel arm. AEs occurred in 90% of participants; the majority (91%) were grade 1. AEs were similar across study arms. TFV concentrations in plasma and TFV‐DP concentrations in cervical and vaginal tissues were comparable between 40 mg TFV film and the TFV gel groups. There was a significant relationship between reduced viral replication and TFV‐DP concentrations in cervical tissues. Film users were less likely to report product leakage than gel users (66% vs. 100%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsFilms were safe and well tolerated. Furthermore, films delivered TFV to mucosal tissues at concentrations similar to gel and were sufficient to block HIV infection of genital tissue ex vivo.
Detection of hypermethylated genes as markers for cervical screening in women living with HIV
Authors: Kremer Wieke W , Van Zummeren Marjolein , Novianti Putri W , Richter Karin L , Verlaat Wina , Snijders Peter JF , Heideman Daniëlle AM , Steenbergen Renske DM , Dreyer Greta , Meijer Chris JLM 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntroductionTo evaluate the performance of hypermethylation analysis of ASCL1, LHX8 and ST6GALNAC5 in physician‐taken cervical scrapes for detection of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 in women living with HIV (WLHIV) in South Africa.MethodsSamples from a prospective observational cohort study were used for these analyses. Two cohorts were included: a cohort of WLHIV who were invited for cervical screening (n = 321) and a gynaecologic outpatient cohort of women referred for evaluation of abnormal cytology or biopsy proven cervical cancer (n = 108, 60% HIV seropositive). Cervical scrapes collected from all subjects were analysed for hypermethylation of ASCL1, LHX8 and ST6GALNAC5 by multiplex quantitative methylation specific PCR (qMSP). Histology endpoints were available for all study subjects.ResultsHypermethylation levels of ASCL1, LHX8 and ST6GALNAC5 increased with severity of cervical disease. The performance for detection of CIN3 or worse (CIN3+) as assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) was good for ASCL1 and LHX8 (AUC 0.79 and 0.81 respectively), and moderate for ST6GALNAC5 (AUC 0.71). At a threshold corresponding to 75% specificity, CIN3+ sensitivity was 72.1% for ASCL1 and 73.8% for LHX8 and all samples from women with cervical cancer scored positive for these two markers.ConclusionsHypermethylation analysis of ASCL1 or LHX8 in cervical scrape material of WLHIV detects all cervical carcinomas with an acceptable sensitivity and good specificity for CIN3+, warranting further exploration of these methylation markers as a stand‐alone test for cervical screening in low‐resource settings.
Late Devensian deglaciation of south‐west Wales from luminescence and cosmogenic isotope dating
Authors: Glasser N. F. , Davies J. R. , Hambrey M. J. , Davies B. J. , Gheorghiu D. M. , Balfour J. , Smedley R. K. , Duller G. A. T. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe Welsh Ice Cap was a dynamic component of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet at the Last Glacial Maximum, but there are few chronological constraints on the pace and timing of deglaciation. This paper presents new geomorphological and geochronological evidence that constrains the timing of the separation of the Welsh Ice Cap from the Irish Sea Ice Stream and the subsequent deglaciation of south‐west Wales; and allow these to be assessed in the context of late Pleistocene climatic events. Luminescence ages from glacial outwash sediments south of Cardigan demonstrate that the Irish Sea Ice Stream was receding by ∼26.7 ka. The subsequent recession of the Welsh Ice Cap is documented by cosmogenic ages from landforms and sediments in the Aeron and Teifi valleys and upland areas. Deglaciation of the Cambrian Mountains was underway by ∼19.6 ka. Cross‐valley moraines and associated deglaciation deposits show that minor re‐advances interrupted the recession of the Aeron Glacier twice, and the Teifi Glacier on at least 12 occasions. By ∼14.9 ka, the Aeron valley was probably ice‐free, but the northwards withdrawal of the Teifi glacier had halted in the Tregaron area. The final rapid recession of this glacier into the uplands of central Wales was completed during the Windermere Interstadial (13.5 cal ka BP) when, in common with much of the UK, the whole of Wales is believed to have become ice‐free. There is no evidence that the Cambrian Mountains contained ice‐free enclaves at the Last Glacial Maximum, as has been previously suggested. The new ages presented here support suggestions that there was rapid change in the configuration of the Welsh Ice Cap between 20 and 17 ka as upland areas became exposed and there was increasing topographic control on patterns of ice discharge.
An HPLC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of luteolin and its major metabolites in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Shi Fuguo , Pan Hong , Lu Yuanfu , Ding Li 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA selective and accurate HPLC‐MS/MS method was established to simultaneously quantify luteolin and its active metabolites (diosmetin, chryseriol, and luteolin‐7‐O‐glucuronide) in rat plasma. The analytes were separated on a C18 column with a mobile phase of water containing 0.5% formic acid and acetonitrile under gradient elution to shorten the total chromatographic run time and increase the resolution of diosmetin and chryseriol. A triple quadruple mass spectrometer coupled with an electrospray ionization source in the negative ion mode was used to detect the analytes. The multiple reaction monitoring transitions were of m/z 284.9→132.9 for luteolin, m/z 298.9→283.9 for diosmetin and chryseriol, m/z 461.1→284.9 for luteolin‐7‐O‐glucuronide, and m/z 300.9→150.9 for the internal standard. The method was linear within the concentration ranges of 0.06–90 μg/mL for luteolin, 0.03–12 μg/mL for diosmetin, 0.015–4.8 μg/mL for chryseriol, and 0.06–60 μg/mL for luteolin‐7‐O‐glucuronide. The intra‐ and interday precisions were all within 6.0%. Accuracy ranged from −3.2 to 6.4%. The matrix effect and instability were not observed during bioanalysis. This method was used to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of luteolin and its metabolites in rats after treatment with luteolin.
Supramolecular Peptide/Polymer Hybrid Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Radvar Elham , Azevedo Helena S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPeptides and polymers are the “elite” building blocks in hydrogel fabrication where the typical approach consists of coupling specific peptide sequences (cell adhesive and/or enzymatically cleavable) to polymer chains aiming to obtain controlled cell responses (adhesion, migration, differentiation). However, the use of polymers and peptides as structural components for fabricating supramolecular hydrogels is less well established. Here, the literature on the design of peptide/polymer systems for self‐assembly into hybrid hydrogels, as either peptide‐polymer conjugates or combining both components individually, is reviewed. The properties (stiffness, mesh structure, responsiveness, and biocompatibility) of the hydrogels are then discussed from the viewpoint of their potential biomedical applications.
Riluzole and edaravone: A tale of two amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drugs
Authors: Jaiswal Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOver the past decades, a multitude of experimental drugs have been shown to delay disease progression in preclinical animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but failed to show efficacy in human clinical trials or are still waiting for approval under Phase I–III trials. Riluzole, a glutamatergic neurotransmission inhibitor, is the only drug approved by the USA Food and Drug Administration for ALS treatment with modest benefits on survival. Recently, an antioxidant drug, edaravone, developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma was found to be effective in halting ALS progression during early stages. The newly approved drug edaravone is a force multiplier for ALS treatment. This short report provides an overview of the two drugs that have been approved for ALS treatment and highlights an update on the timeline of drug development, how clinical trials were done, the outcome of these trials, primary endpoint, mechanism of actions, dosing information, administration, side effects, and storage procedures. Moreover, we also discussed the pressing issues and challenges of ALS clinical trials and drug developments as well as future outlook.