bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIPLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF CAESALPINIA CRISTA SEED EXTRACTS
Authors: Reddy M. Swapna , Kuber B. Ramya 
Published: September 2018

Objective: To evaluate antiplasmodial activity of Caesalpinia crista seed extracts
Methods: Antiplasmodial activity of the seed extracts of Caesalpinia crista against rodent malaria infections in chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falcipuram strain was investigated, and oral acute toxicity of seed extracts of Caesalpinia crista was also evaluated.
Results: The findings of this study revealed significant (P < 0.05) and dose dependent decrease in parasitaemia in the parasitized groups treated with varying doses of the extract (50-200 mg/kg p.o.) in both suppressive and curative tests. There was also significant decrease in parasitaemia density in the chloroquine treated group. The alcoholic extract was found no toxicity in wistar rats and the oral LD50 was determined to be greater than 5000 mg/kg.
Conclusion: Seed extracts of Caesalpinia crista extract possesses potent antiplasmodial activity and may therefore, serve as potential sources of new antimalarial agents
Keywords: Plasmodium falcipuram, Caesalpinia crista, Plant extracts, Phytochemicals, Toxicity tests, malaria.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACOVIGILANCE AMONG OPERATORS OF PHARMACIES AND PATENT MEDICINE STORES IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Authors: Awosan KJ , Yunusa A , Yakubu I , Yunusa KK , Auwal AM 
Published: September 2018

Background: The weak pharmacovigilance (PV) systems in many developing countries of the world have undoubtedly hampered the global quest for safe drug use. Operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores have important roles to play in developing the PV systems in these countries being the main source of medicines for acute conditions. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pharmacovigilance among operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 249 operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores selected by multistage sampling technique. Data were collected with a set of pretested self- administered, semi-structured questionnaire.
Results: Although, the majority, 173 (69.5%) of the 249 respondents were aware of PV, less than a fifth (17.3%) had good knowledge of it. Despite positive attitude towards PV, only about half, 56 (52.3%) of the 107 respondents that had observed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in clients reported; and of these, only about a tenth (12.8%) formally reported to the organization in charge of PV. The most commonly cited reasons for non-reporting were that they didn’t know where and how to report (51.0%), and unavailability of reporting forms (23.5%).
Conclusion: This study showed poor knowledge of PV and sub-optimal ADRs reporting despite positive attitude towards it by operators of pharmacies and patent medicine stores in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Sensitization of the populace and training of healthcare providers on PV and ADRs reporting are necessary for revitalizing the PV system in Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, knowledge, attitude, practice
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DOXORUBICIN CONTAINING NANOGELS FOR DELIVERY TO CANCER CELLS
Authors: Kumar Manish , Sharma Hemant K. 
Published: September 2018

The objective of this study is to prepare nanogels were prepared via charged gellan gum. It was prepared by in situ cross linking reaction between two oppositely charged materials by green method without use of chemical cross linking agents. The prepared nanogels were characterized by Dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X- Ray diffractometry. The prepared formulation had average particle size of 226 nm with polydispersity index of 0.3. The doxorubicin loaded nanogel demonstrated sustained release for 20 h. The prepared nanogels were hemocompatible and cyctocompatible as revealed by hemocompatibility and MTT assay respectively. All results confirmed that these nanogels can be used for cancer treatment.
Keywords: Nanogel, Chitosan, Gellan gum, Doxorubicin, Cancer.
STUDY ON ANTICANCER EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC BIOGENIC SOURCE OF GERMACRENE A
Authors: Cao Haiyan , Li Zihui , Li Ruqi , Mao Boyang , Liu Chen , Li Yutong , Zhang Guowei 
Published: September 2018

Objective: Based on obtaining germacrene A, which is the analogue of synthetic β-elemene, by means of synthetic biology，this experiment aims to explore the anti-tumor effect of germacrene A.
Results: After administration, the volume of T24 cells was significantly reduced. The shape of the T24 cells gradually changed from wedge-shaped and polygonal to round, and the T24 cells soon fell off, atrophied and disintegrated. After Tet blue staining, a large number of T24 cells after administration were observed to be dead; It was found by means of MTT assay that T24 cells were inhibited to varying degrees by the effects of different concentrations of germacrene A.
Conclusion: The above experimental results show that the synthetic biological source of germacrene A has obvious inhibitory effect on bladder cancer T24 cells, and this effect has obvious time and concentration dependence.
Keywords：Germacrene A; Synthetic drugs; Antitumor; β-elemene
AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW ON PRASUGREL
Authors: Nagaraju GV , Subrahmanyam SN , Pavan Kumar GV 
Published: September 2018

In an attempt prasugrel increase in the overall use of this medication comparing to the anti thembolytics like heparin and wararin, with less patients complaints includes side effects a significant portion of patients receiving the medication for off label indications. More importantly, this agent is used in a substantial number of patients with known contraindications. Prasugrel are more intense platelet inhibition confirmed by the observation of highest percentage of minor or moderate bleeding among patients taking prasugrel, although there was no significant increase in the rate of severe, major, or life-threatening bleeding.
Keywords: prasugrel, thembolytics, wararin, heparin
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS OF LAFUTIDINE
Authors: Dolas Ramdas T. , Sharma Shalindra , Sharma Madhuraj 
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this research was to develop a novel gastroretentive drug delivery system based on wet granulation technique for sustained delivery of active agent. Quick GI transit could result in incomplete drug release from the drug delivery system above the absorption zone leading to decreased efficacy of the administered dose and thus less patient compliance. Gastroretentive floating tablets, which was designed to provide the desired sustained and complete release of drug for prolonged period of time. Gastroretentive floating tablets of lafutidine were prepared by wet granulation technique using different concentrations of Gum Kondagagu, Gum olibanum and Locust bean Gum. The optimized formulation (LF14) exhibited 99.54% drug release in 12 hrs, while the buoyancy lag time was 33 sec. In-vitro drug release kinetics was found to follow both the Zero order and the possible mechanism of lafutidine release from the optimized formulation might be attributed to super case II transport mechanism. The Optimized formulation (LF14) showed no significant change in physical appearance, drug content, floating lag time, in vitro dissolution studies after 75%±5% RH at 40±20C relative humidity for 6 months.
Keyword: Wet granulation, Floating lag Time, Gastroretentive, Lafutidine
Pesticidal residue analysis and phytochemical screening in leaves and roots of Barleria prionitis Linn.
Authors: Dheer Reema , Swarnkar Surendra 
Published: September 2018

In the present study emphasize on phytochemical screening in leaves and roots of Barleria prionitis Linn. The extract of plant materials total ash content, extractive value, water soluble ash, and loss on drying values were identified. Medicinal plant materials are liable to contain pesticide residues, which accumulate from agriculture practices, such as spraying, treatment of soils during cultivation and administration of fumigants during storage. It is therefore recommended that every sample of medicinal plants used for such type of studies should be analyzed for the pesticidal residues. Therefore in the present study parts of the herb used for their antidiabetic potential were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, which are persistent and remain in the food chain for longer periods. The samples of leaf and root of Barleria prionitis were ground coarsely and then preceded for the extraction procedure. The sample of extracts were analysed for residues of organochlorine pesticides by Gas Chromatography (GC). Analysis were carried out on a Schimadzu Model 2010 Gas Chromatograph (GC) equipped with 63 NI electron capture detector (ECD) and a capillary column HP ultra 2. The instrument was supported by Lab Solution software. The pesticide residues detected in them in the GC were within the limits. For phytochemical screening, the ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts obtained were prepared and subjected to various qualitative tests in order to reveal the presence or absence of common phytopharmaceuticals by using standard tests.
Keywords: Phytochemical screening, Pesticidal residues, Barleria prionitis Gas Chromatography, Ash value, extractive value.
Synthesis, characterization of 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives and evaluation of antimicrobial activity
Authors: Shahnaz M , Kaur Parminder , Parkash J , Parsad DN 
Published: September 2018

Benzimidazole has attracted a great deal of importance due to their interesting chemistry and wide utility. Benzimidazole has wide range of uses and applications and is produced in great quantities throughout the world. The current research work was aim to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of series of benzimidazole derivatives. A series of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized by reacting the various amine derivatives of o phenylene diame with carbon disulphide in presence of Potassium hydroxide. All the bis derivatives were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and chromatography method (TLC). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by their MIC and zone of inhibition of synthesized compounds by taking ciprofloxacin as reference standard. The microbiological assay revealed that the compounds show promising antibacterial activity.
Keywords: Ciprofloxacin, Benzimidazole, antibacterial activity.
EFFECT OF MURMUKI (Cammiphora myrrh) WITH BOILED EGG IN LEUCORRHOEA (Sailan-ur- Reham): A SINGLE CASE STUDY
Authors: Iqbal Arsheed , Jan Afroza , Quraishi Haider Ali , Sheeraz Md. , Shah Arjumand , Huma Huma , Rather Shameem Ahmad , Raheem A 
Published: September 2018

Leucorrhoea is a universal problem of women. Nobody usually escapes from this illness. It is a very common condition that has been faced by most women of all ages particularly in reproductive period. It is symptom of underlying pelvic pathology. Sometimes this symptom is so severe that it over shadow actual disease and women seek the treatment for only this symptom. The white discharge is, however caused by the presence of infection in the genital tract and variety of other reasons. This was the case study of 29 year old female suffered from leucorrhoea treated with Murmuki (Cammiphora myrrh) along with boiled egg.
Keywords: Leucorrhoea, Unani medicine, Murmuki, Sailan-ur- Reham
IMPROVEMENT OF DISSOLUTION PROPERTIES OF ALBENDAZOLE FROM DIFFERENT METHODS OF SOLID DISPERSION
Authors: Azad A.K. , Jahan K , Sathi TS , Sultana4 R , Abbas SA , UddinUddin ABMH 
Published: September 2018

Poor aqueous solubility of drugs results in poor absorption and bioavailability. The objective of Solid dispersion technology is to increase the dissolution properties of highly lipophilic drugs, by using different hydrophilic carriers thereby improving their bioavailability. This technology is useful for enhancing the dissolution, absorption and therapeutic efficacy of drugs in dosage forms. Albendazole is a broad-spectrum antihelminthic agent used for the treatment of a variety of parasitic worm infestations. It is practically insoluble in water but slightly soluble in solvents like chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile. The aim of our study was to improve the dissolution profile of Albendazole using HPMC K 100 LV, Kollidon VA64 and Mannitol as carriers by solid dispersion techniques. From the prepared solid dispersion, formulation code CSF5 showed better result where carrier was HMPC K 100 LV at 1:10 ratio in solvent evaporation method. Among the carrier used here to conduct our study, HPMC K 100 LV showed better result for both kneading and solvent evaporation methods. And among the method employed here, solvent evaporation method showed better solubility of drug at 60 min also at 1:10 ratio which was 78.86%.
THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC FACTORS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN KAZEROON CITY IN 2017
Authors: Mehbodi Mohammadrafi , Yazdanpanah Abbas , Alvaani Jamalledin 
Published: September 2018

Today, environment protection is one of main pillars of observing human right, so that protection and maintenance of environment is one of main duties of present and future. After investigating and identifying environmental factors including internal and external environment of waste management and preparing a list of the most important strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats ( 40 factors) and selecting the most important factors participatory (24 factors) using EFE and IFE matrix, they were analyzed and evaluated and the score was determined and in the following, using the matrix and regarding internal and external factors, the most suitable strategies were introduced for optimal management of waste system of the studied region and in the next stage, using the matrix score of evaluating internal and external factors and strategies of matrix formation matrix, the present status of the organization (IE), the preservative approach was selected as goal approach and attraction of any preservative strategies was specified in the qualitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM). It should be said that the order of approaches priority is based on their so-called genera weight rate and movement towards sustainable development that based on the attraction score, the priorities became in this order that the first priority is related to strategy and then respectively optimizing various stages of wastes management, increasing awareness and changing the individuals attitude towards correct method of waste management like reduction of waste production, separation of recyclable materials at home and method of collecting through holding training classes, preparing and distributing advertising posters in the cities, implementing plan of separation from origin and its success requires public participation and cooperation.
FAST DISSOLVING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: FORMULATION, PREPARATION TECHNIQUES AND EVALUATION
Authors: Singh Satbir , Virmani Tarun , Virmani Reshu , Mahlawat Geeta , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: September 2018

The Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery Systems sets a new benchmark was an expansion that came into existence in the early 1980’s and combat over the use of the different dosage form like tablets, suspension, syrups, capsules which are the other oral drug delivery systems. Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery System (FDTS) has a major advantage over the conventional dosage forms since the drug gets rapidly disintegrated and dissolves in the saliva without the use of water .In spite of the downside lack of immediate onset of action; these oral dosage forms have valuable purposes such as self medication, increased patient compliance, ease of manufacturing and lack of pain. Hence Fast Disintegrating Tablets (FDTS) technology has been gaining importance now-a-days with wide variety of drugs serving many purposes. Fast Disintegrating Tablets (FDTS) has ever increased their demand in the last decade since they disintegrate in saliva in less than a minute that improved compliance in pediatrics and geriatric patients, who have difficulty in swallowing tablets or liquids. As fast dissolving tablet provide instantaneous disintegration after putting it on tongue, thereby rapid drug absorption and instantaneous bioavailability, whereas Fast dissolving oral films are used as practical alternative to FDTS. These films have a potential to deliver the drug systemically through intragastric, sublingual or buccal route of administration and also has been used for local action. In present review article different aspects of fast dissolving tablets and films like method of preparations, latest technologies, evaluation parameters are discussed. This study will be useful for the researchers for their lab work.
Respons Sitokin TNF-Α Dan Il-4 Pasca Stimulasi Antigen Fusi Resat-6-CFP-10
Authors: Pratiwi Rahma Indah , Nugraha Jusak , Tambunan Betty Agustina , Tanoerahardjo Francisca Srioetami 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProtective immunity of tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly dependent on the balance of Th1 and Th2cytokines. TNF-α cytokines produced by Th1 cell retain a latent status, and IL-4 produced by Th2 aidsin the production of antibodies. The recent development of the vaccine candidates shows that rESAT-6-CFP-10 fusion antigen is specific to induce protective immune responses. The objective of the study wasto determine the immune response. This study used a quasi experimental design in the laboratory in vitrowith cultured PBMC of patients with new cases of pulmonary TB, latent TB and healthy individuals.Examination of TNF-α and IL-4 levels was done by ELISA. The highest TNF-α mean levels were 866,05in the latent TB group, compared to 814,56 in active TB and 414,58 in healthy individuals, but they werenot significantly different. The highest IL-4 mean levels were 1,39 in the active TB group, compared to0,88 in latent TB and 0,74 in healthy individuals, but they were not significantly different. High levels ofTNF-α and low levels of Il-4 in latent TB post-stimulation of rESAT-6-CFP-10 fusion antigen show thatthe candidate vaccine is capable of providing protective reponse against Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection.Key words : TNF-α, IL-4, PBMC, ELISA, rESAT-6-CFP-10
AbstrakImunitas protektif terhadap infeksi tuberculosis sangat bergantung terhadap keseimbangan sitokinT-helper (Th)-1 dan Th2. Sitokin TNF-α yang disekresi oleh sel Th1 mampu mempertahankan status laten,dan IL-4 yang disekresi oleh Th2 membantu produksi antibodi. Pengembangan kandidat vaksin terbaruyaitu antigen fusi rESAT-6-CFP-10 bersifat spesifik terhadap respons imun protektif. Tujuan penelitianini untuk mengetahui respons imun seluler melalui kadar TNF-α dan IL-4 pasca stimulasi antigen fusirESAT-6-CFP-10. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimen semu di laboratorium secara in vitropada kultur PBMC. Pemeriksaan kadar sitokin TNF-α dan IL-4 dengan metode ELISA. Rerata kadarTNF-α pasca stimulasi paling tinggi ditemukan pada kelompok TB laten 866,05, dibandingkan TBaktif 814,56 dan orang sehat 414,58, tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna. Reratakadar IL-4 pasca stimulasipaling tinggi ditemukan pada kelompok TB aktif, dibandingkan TB laten dan orang sehat, tetapi tidakberbeda bermakna. Kadar TNF-α yang tinggi dan kadar IL-4 yang rendah pada TB laten pasca stimulasiantigen fusi rESAT-6-CFP-10 menunjukkan bahwa kandidat vaksin mampu memberikan repons protektifterhadap infeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis secara invitro.Kata kunci : TNF-α, IL-4, PBMC, ELISA, rESAT-6-CFP-10.
REVITALIZING DEPRESSED AREAS OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH (THE CASE OF VELIKY USTYUG)
Authors: Aleksandrova Anna Yu. , Aigina Ekaterina V. 
Published: September 2018

The study discusses the experience of «Veliky Ustyug – Ded Moroz Homeland» - one of the most successful Russian projects of regional tourism development in scarcely populated and depressed areas of the Russian North.Founded in 1147, Veliky Ustyug is among the oldest towns of the Russian North with a ‘historic city’ and ‘open-air museum’ status. However, in the 1980-1990s it was a typical small town with depressive socio-economic structure based on forestry, small enterprises, folk crafts and distinctive social challenges such as migration, high unemployment, et al. The project «Veliky Ustyug – Ded Moroz Homeland» comparable to Santa Claus Village in Rovaniemi, Finland has increased greatly the tourist flow to the town and improved considerably its socio-economic situation.The research is based on extensive field studies, theoretical observations and includes statistics analysis as well as the results of in-depth interviews with experts and regional stakeholders taken in 2011-2016, review of official legislation. Study reveals that the main idea of the project is to revitalize the depressed community with a wide range of social, educational, economic, infrastructural, cultural, leisure and tourism activities to promote its future sustainable development. The project life cycle is discussed within the birth, growth and maturity periods; each of them is provided with quantitative characterization. Key problems of the project and their possible solutions are identified. The main constraints to the project connected with poor transport accessibility of the destination and high seasonality of tourism demand are considered.
Efficacy of an alveolar recruitment maneuver for improving gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics in anesthetized horses ventilated with oxygen or a helium-oxygen mixture
Authors: Hopster Klaus , Duffee Lauren R. , Hopster-Iversen Charlotte C. S. , Driessen Bernd 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy of an alveolar recruitment maneuver (ARM) with positive end-expiratory pressures (PEEPs) in anesthetized horses ventilated with oxygen or heliox (70% helium and 30% oxygen).
ANIMALS 6 healthy adult horses.
PROCEDURES In a randomized crossover study, horses were anesthetized and positioned in dorsal recumbency. Volume-controlled ventilation was performed with heliox or oxygen (fraction of inspired oxygen [Fio2] > 90%). Sixty minutes after mechanical ventilation commenced, an ARM with PEEP (0 to 30 cm H2O in steps of 5 cm H2O every 5 minutes, followed by incremental steps back to 0 cm H2O) was performed. Peak inspiratory pressure, dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), and Pao2 were measured during each PEEP. Indices of pulmonary oxygen exchange and alveolar dead space were calculated. Variables were compared with baseline values (PEEP, 0 cm H2O) and between ventilation gases by use of repeated-measures ANOVAs.
RESULTS For both ventilation gases, ARM significantly increased pulmonary oxygen exchange indices and Cdyn. Mean ± SD Cdyn (506 ± 35 mL/cm H2O) and Pao2-to-Fio2 ratio (439 ± 36) were significantly higher and alveolar-arterial difference in Pao2 (38 ± 11 mm Hg) was significantly lower for heliox, compared with values for oxygen (357 ± 50 mL/cm H2O, 380 ± 92, and 266 ± 88 mm Hg, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE An ARM in isoflurane-anesthetized horses ventilated with heliox significantly improved pulmonary oxygen exchange and respiratory mechanics by decreasing resistive properties of the respiratory system and reducing turbulent gas flow in small airways.