bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐perceived preparedness for practice among graduating physical medicine & rehabilitation residents
Authors: Wasserman Nathan A. , Huang Laura Y. , Molinares Diana M. , Tiu Timothy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is little research regarding the self‐perceived preparedness of residents to enter independent practice after training. Given the vast breadth of physical medicine & rehabilitation (PM&R) and the increasingly complex and wide‐ranging responsibilities and roles of physiatrists, this study is necessary to evaluate residents' perspectives of how programs are preparing them in the face of the changing practice environment.ObjectiveTo identify how graduating PM&R residents perceived their training to prepare them for future practice. The researchers assessed perceived preparedness in six domains: (1) evaluation and management of conditions, (2) settings and responsibilities of practice, (3) familiarity with administrative processes, (4) physiatric‐specific prescriptions, (5) performing procedures, and (6) interpretation of diagnostic studies.DesignSurvey.SettingVirtual.ParticipantsGraduating PM&R residents in their final year of training in the United States were invited to complete the survey. Of 415 graduating residents, 54 accessed the survey, and 40 (9.6%) fully completed questions relating to preparation by residency.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureSelf‐perceived preparedness for practice among graduating residents across 70 subdomains of practice.ResultsMean preparedness was highest in the domain of physiatric prescription (3.45/5), and preparedness for administrative processes was significantly lower than all other domains (mean 2.25/5, p < .001). Across subdomains, the highest preparedness was in performing electromyography (4.48/5). Medical skills rated less than 2.50/5 included interpreting urodynamics (1.93/5), performing osteopathic manipulative therapy (1.57/5), and performing unguided peripheral nerve injections (2.25/5).ConclusionsUltimately, residency programs should increase administrative training and identify internal strengths and weaknesses by polling their residents.
Investigating the Impact of Nano‐Metal Oxides (Copper and Iron) on the Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Advanced Propellants with Nitrocellulose/Polyurethane Binders
Authors: Touidjine Sabri , Boulkadid Moulai Karim , Trache Djalal , Akbi Hamdane , Nourine Manel , Belkhiri Samir 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis research delves into the combined effects of green nano metal oxides (copper and iron) and polyurethane (PU) modification on the thermal degradation kinetics of propellant based on solid ammonium nitrate composite modified simple base (CMSB). Surface modification of ammonium nitrate particles was achieved through repeated spray coating, ensuring effective catalyst binding. The formulated compositions of propellants underwent thorough thermal characterization, including thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. TG analysis revealed a significant decrease in the propellant's thermal degradation temperature, attributed to AN modification with nano metal oxides (nMOs) and the use of PU/NC as a binder. Isoconversional kinetic methods (It‐KAS, It‐FWO, and VYA/CE) were employed for further analysis, allowing prediction of kinetic parameters. Additionally, kinetic analysis results allowed calculation of the critical ignition temperature. The thermokinetic results underscore the substantial impact of nMOs particles and PU modification regarding the reactivity and catalytic performance of propellant containing ammonium nitrate, leading to a noteworthy reduction in activation energy and critical ignition temperature. Furthermore, modifying the binder with nitrocellulose and incorporating nanoparticles significantly reduces ignition delay and combustion duration while increasing flame intensity in CMDB solid propellants, enhancing overall combustion efficiency.
Assessing the Abundance of Pyrotechnic Traces from New Year′s Eve Celebrations in the Netherlands: Implications for Forensic Explosives Investigations
Authors: van Damme I. M. , Hulsbergen A. W. C. , Allers S. , Bezemer K. D. B. , van Asten A. C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo ensure a correct interpretation of the presence and abundance of pyrotechnic traces at a crime scene, it is essential to understand reference background levels and the extent to which they are affected by specific activities such as fireworks displays. A total of 112 objects throughout the Netherlands were sampled before and/or after New Year′s Eve 2017, 2018, 2022, and 2023. Sample extracts were analysed with Ion Chromatography ‐ Mass Spectrometry to determine the concentrations of 17 inorganic ions relevant to forensic explosives investigations. The ions SO42−, NO3−, Na+, K+, Cl−, PO43− Ca2+, Mg2+, and NH4+ were found most often (33–98%) before New Year′s Eve. The maximum amounts recovered ranged from 52.63 to 1071.50 μg for this set of ions. Only 3% of outdoor objects carried detectable levels of ClO4−, with a maximum amount of 0.55 μg per 2.3 dm2. It appears that NO2−, SCN−, ClO3−, S2O32−, Li+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ are generally absent in the Dutch environment. While fireworks displays do not seem to greatly affect the background levels of inorganic ions related to explosives, mean ClO4− levels were increased on January 1st (p=0.02). Sporadically, high levels of Cl−, SO42−, K+, and even a trace amount of Sr2+ were observed after New Year′s Eve. These findings are of great forensic relevance for pre‐ and post‐explosion investigations involving trace levels.
Research Progress of Burning Rate Inhibitors in Solid Heterogeneous Propellants
Authors: Hu Hongyu , Chen Dingning , Yu Haojie , Wang Li 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe advancement of solid rocket technology has increased demand for high‐performing propellants, particularly in the aerospace industry. Solid propellants are an essential component of rocket engines, and their stable combustion and adjustable burning rate throughout a wide pressure range significantly affect the performance of motors. The burning rate modifiers include catalysts and inhibitors. Solid rocket motors for different purposes require propellants with different burning rates. Using propellants that burn at a slower rate is beneficial for the smooth release of propellant energy, reducing the loss of energy in the process of high burning rate release and improving the endurance time of missile engines. Therefore, it is necessary to decrease the burning rate of propellant. This article summarizes the development of burning rate inhibitors (BRIs) and analyzes the mechanisms and behaviors of different BRIs, including amide‐based compounds, metal salts, and cationic surfactants, that affect the combustion of propellants.
The Electrochemical and Combustion Properties of HAN‐ECSP Using Cu2O/Cu Electrode
Authors: Liu Fuhan , Guo Haoqi , Zhang Jian , Xia Debin , Yang Yulin , Lin Kaifeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectrically controlled solid propellant based on hydroxyammonium nitrate (HAN‐ECSP) cause extensive research by scientists. Nevertheless, research on the performance of ECSP is currently focused on the formulation of propellants, and few studies have been published on the design of electrodes and the influence of electrochemical properties on the combustion performance of propellant. Metal have been reported as one of potential electrodes in HAN‐ECSP, but it has many drawbacks, such as being prone to corrosion during electrochemical and ignition combustion testing. Hence, modifying metal electrodes is one of the best ways to improve their adaptability in the HAN‐ECSP system. In this work, Cu2O/Cu and Cu2O/CF electrodes were prepared by oxidation methods and subsequent calcination with tube furnace. It can be seen from the experimental results that the Cu2O/Cu and Cu2O/CF have positive effect on the overpotential and corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the ignition delay time at 210 V of the propellant decreases from 3.28 s (Cu) to 2.05 s (Cu2O/Cu), 3.89 s (CF) to 1.85 (Cu2O/CF), respectively. Thus, Cu2O/Cu electrode is more suitable in the HAN‐ECSP system, and the electrochemical performance of HAN‐ECSP is an important factor that evaluate its ignition performance. Lower overpotential and higher current retention rate in the system will improve the ignition and combustion performance of the propellant. In general, this work reveals the influence of the electrochemical performance of propellants on their combustion performance, and provides data support and advices for improving the combustion performance of HAN‐ECSP.
Thermal and Pyrolysis Research on the Super Heat‐Resistant Energetic Structure of Bis[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐b;5’,1’‐f][1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐2,7‐diamine
Authors: Zhou Jing , Bu Xiaochen , Zhang Junlin , Wang Bozhou , Qiu Lili , Meng Zihui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThermal stability of energetic materials determines their applicability under high temperature conditions, while few energetic materials could achieve thermal decomposition peak temperatures above 450°C. Based on a novel nitrogen‐rich fused heterocyclic skeleton, bis[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐b;5’,1’‐f][1,2,4,5]tetrazine‐2,7‐diamine (DATC) demonstrated super thermal stability compared to traditional heat‐resistant energetic structures. Herein, a detailed exploration was conducted on the thermal decomposition behaviors and heat‐resistant properties of DATC through conventional thermal decomposition methods combined with tandem techniques, including in‐situ FTIR and DSC/TG‐FTIR‐MS quadruple analysis. The experimental results were compared with those of 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’‐hexanitrostilbene (HNS) and 3,5‐dinitro‐N,N’‐bis(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl)pyridine‐2,6‐diamine (PYX), two famous heat‐resistant energetic materials widely applied. The major decomposition exothermic peak temperature of DATC was found around 479°C under the heating rate of 10°C ⋅min−1 while corresponding onset decomposition temperature was around 430°C. The decomposition process of DATC was most likely initiated from the decompositions of amino groups and further destructed the molecular skeleton, which lead to a series of fragments of NH2 (m/z=16), CN (m/z=26), HCN (m/z=27), N2 (m/z=28), N2H2 (m/z=30), CN2H2 (m/z=42), HN3 (m/z=43), and C2N2 (m/z=52). Obviously, the amino groups do not contribute much to DATC's heat‐resistant performances, while the condensation of triazole moieties result in great thermal stability of the fused nitrogen‐rich skeleton. Both the decomposition process and mechanism were much different from those of HNS and PYX.
Cross‐modal embedding integrator for disease‐gene/protein association prediction using a multi‐head attention mechanism
Authors: Chang Munyoung , Ahn Junyong , Kang Bong Gyun , Yoon Sungroh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKnowledge graphs, powerful tools that explicitly transfer knowledge to machines, have significantly advanced new knowledge inferences. Discovering unknown relationships between diseases and genes/proteins in biomedical knowledge graphs can lead to the identification of disease development mechanisms and new treatment targets. Generating high‐quality representations of biomedical entities is essential for successfully predicting disease‐gene/protein associations. We developed a computational model that predicts disease‐gene/protein associations using the Precision Medicine Knowledge Graph, a biomedical knowledge graph. Embeddings of biomedical entities were generated using two different methods—a large language model (LLM) and the knowledge graph embedding (KGE) algorithm. The LLM utilizes information obtained from massive amounts of text data, whereas the KGE algorithm relies on graph structures. We developed a disease‐gene/protein association prediction model, “Cross‐Modal Embedding Integrator (CMEI),” by integrating embeddings from different modalities using a multi‐head attention mechanism. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CMEI was 0.9662 (± 0.0002) in predicting disease‐gene/protein associations. In conclusion, we developed a computational model that effectively predicts disease‐gene/protein associations. CMEI may contribute to the identification of disease development mechanisms and new treatment targets.
The evaluation on control potential using X‐ray to irradiate adult Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Ting , He Wei , Jiang Shan , Ge Shi‐Shuai , Chu Bo , Liang Ge‐Mei , Yang Xian‐Ming , Wu Kong‐Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe sterile insect technique (SIT), involving the rearing of larvae for pupation followed by irradiating pupae, is employed for environmentally friendly invasive pest management. Despite its effectiveness, the cost of pupae production poses challenges for small farmers in developing countries. Alternatively, utilizing insect trapping techniques can capture abundant adult insects in their natural habitats, but application potential of adult SIT approach remains unclear.RESULTSWe used the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to assess the effectiveness of X‐ray irradiated moths on their sterility rates, mating competitiveness, flight ability, and larval control efficiency in the field. Our findings revealed that optimal X‐ray doses for 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐day‐old adult S. frugiperda were 154, 173, and 180 Gy, respectively. These doses rendered males more than 80.0% infertile and females nearly completely infertile. Significantly, the flight ability of sterilized males remained unaffected by sub‐sterilizing doses of irradiation. Furthermore, in a release ratio of 16:1:1 (irradiated males–unirradiated males–unirradiated females), irradiated males exhibited the highest mating competitiveness (0.79). In the field‐cage experiments, the corrected leaf protection rate and the corrected population decline rate in the 16:1:1 release plot were 60.50% and 74.21%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that radiation‐induced sterility in adult S. frugiperda holds promise for practical applications, offering a conceptual framework and novel approaches for advancing radiation‐based pest control technology. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Comprehensive Insights Into the Combinatorial Uses of Selected Phytochemicals in Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Isothiocyanates, Quinones, Carotenoids, and Alkaloids
Authors: Deng Xi , Yang Zhongming , Han Mingzhao , Ismail Norsharina , Esa Norhaizan Mohd , Razis Ahmad Faizal Abdull , Bakar Md Zuki Abu , Chan Kim Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDespite the advancement in cancer diagnosis and treatment, colorectal cancer remains the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Given the high recurrence rate of colorectal cancer even after surgical resection, chemotherapy has been clinically used to improve the treatment outcomes of colorectal cancer. However, chemotherapy is well‐known for its toxic side effects. Thus, phytochemicals have been widely studied in recent years as preventive and therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer owing to their relatively low toxicity. Moreover, combinatorial uses of phytochemicals with other natural compounds or with drugs may amplify the positive outcomes of colorectal cancer prevention and treatment by intervening in multiple signaling pathways and targets. This review summarized the combinatorial use of several well‐studied groups of phytochemicals, that is, isothiocyanates, quinones, carotenoids, and alkaloids, in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer, and suggested it as a potential approach to improve the anticancer efficacy of single compounds and minimize the toxic side effects associated with conventional drugs. Notably, we generalized the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical experiments‐based molecular mechanisms whereby the selected phytochemicals in combination with other compounds exerted anti‐colorectal cancer effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, cell invasion, and tumor growth. Overall, this review provides a reference and new perspective to propel further advancements in research and development of preventative and therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer.
Resveratrol Bioavailability After Oral Administration: A Meta‐Analysis of Clinical Trial Data
Authors: Szymkowiak Izabela , Marcinkowska Justyna , Kucinska Malgorzata , Regulski Milosz , Murias Marek 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAnnually, a growing body of studies substantiates the health advantages of polyphenolic compounds, yet their practical application is constrained by swift metabolism and low bioavailability. Resveratrol, a stilbene derivative showcasing typical polyphenolic traits, is particularly noteworthy. Despite abundant bioavailability data from in vitro and animal studies, applying these findings to humans demands nuanced consideration. The objective of this article is to conduct a meta‐analysis on clinical trial data, systematically assessing the oral bioavailability of resveratrol and deriving meaningful insights into its efficacy in humans. To achieve this goal, we thoroughly examined publications across five major global databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, and Science Direct. The study exclusively included clinical trials involving healthy adults, where pharmacokinetic parameters were measured following the oral administration of at least one dose of resveratrol as a single preparation. For the meta‐analysis data extraction, the mean score and standard deviation (SD) were included. Heterogeneity, degree of inconsistency between studies, and meta‐regression were assessed. From these searches, we scrutinized data from 84 oral administrations encompassing nine resveratrol doses ranging from 25 to 5000 mg. Our findings indicate a linear increase in the amount of free resveratrol entering the bloodstream with the administered dose, while T
max values remain unaffected. The mean maximum plasma concentration of resveratrol (31.07 ng/mL) closely mirrors the mean C
max observed in the group administered a medium resveratrol dose ranging from 100 to 500 mg (33.59 ng/mL). This similarity implies the appropriateness of employing these specific doses of resveratrol, taking into consideration both its bioavailability and very low risk of potential side effects. However, the analysis of available human oral bioavailability data is constrained by methodological inconsistencies prevalent in existing studies. The meta‐analysis underscores substantial heterogeneity, underscoring the imperative for multiple studies to rectify this prevailing trend.
Emodin Inhibits AIM2 Inflammasome Activation via Modulating K27‐Linked Polyubiquitination to Attenuate Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Lu Lidan , Shuang Ruonan , Cao Fang , Sun Zhongwen , Wei Qingxue , Gao Tiantian , Gu Xuejing , Wen Kejian , Cheng Xiaolan , Gu Mingjia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTChronic kidney diseases (CKD) is a serious threat to people's health with renal fibrosis as the major pathological feature. The absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) has recently been proposed to play a critical role in CKD. Emodin is a major bioactive compound from rhubarb, which is widely used for clinical treatment of renal disease. The aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of emodin on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model mice and its association with the AIM2 inflammasome. In this study, we established the UUO‐induced mice renal interstitial fibrosis in vivo and bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) model in vitro. The BUN, SCr, TNF‐α, IL‐1β in serum were examined. The degree of renal damage and fibrosis were determined by histological assessment. Immunofluorescence, western blot, and Co‐IP were used to determine the mechanisms of emodin against CKD. Emodin could improve UUO‐induced abnormal renal function and histopathological abnormalities. It could also ameliorate renal fibrosis, evidenced by inhibiting the expression of α‐SMA, TGF‐β1, FN, and collagen I. Mechanistically, emodin significantly suppressed AIM2 inflammasome as well as its components including ASC, cleaved caspase‐1, and IL‐1β both in vivo and in vitro. Further studies demonstrated that emodin inhibited K27‐linked polyubiquitination of AIM2 by targeting on K64 sites of the lysine residues. In summary, emodin could hinder the activation of AIM2 inflammasome in UUO model mice through K27‐linked polyubiquitination to reduce renal fibrosis. Emodin is a possible therapeutic option for CKD treatment.
Active Packaging System—An Overview of Recent Advances for Enhanced Food Quality and Safety
Authors: Kadirvel Vijayasri , Palanisamy Yazhiniyan , Ganesan Nandhini Devi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTActive packaging has emerged as a transformative solution in the realm of food packaging, introducing functionalities that extend beyond traditional passive containment. Active packaging technology intends to preserve the quality and extend the shelf life of food products via the incorporation of functional components into the packaging material. This review paper explores the current state of active packaging technologies and their applications in preserving and enhancing the quality and safety of food products. The paper delves into various active ingredients involved in active packaging including oxygen scavengers and moisture absorbers, antimicrobial agents, ethylene absorbers and flavour/odour absorbers to enhance the shelf life. Furthermore, the study reviews the fundamental principles behind active packaging, elucidating the mechanisms by which these technologies interact with the food environment. In conclusion, the potentiality of active packaging to revolutionize the food industry by augmenting food quality, safety and overall consumer satisfaction is analysed providing a foundation for future research directions.
Effect of Rare Earth Y and Metal X (Co, Mn, Ni, Cu) Elements on Cr Diffusion Behavior of SOFC Metallic Interconnect
Authors: Li Kun , Zhang Yong‐Shuai , Liu Yu‐Jing , He Chen‐Yang , Yun Hao , Yang Wen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAt present, the metallic interconnects of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) can result in Cr poisoning problem of cathode after long‐term high‐temperature oxidation. Such problem seriously affects the efficiency of battery power generation. In order to optimize the performance of the metallic interconnect, this paper firstly studies the doping effect of rare earth element Y and metal element X (Co, Mn, Ni, Cu) on the diffusion behavior of Cr at the FeCr/Cr2O3 interface by the first principles method. The Cr diffusion pathway and energy barriers under different elemental doping models are calculated by CI‐NEB method. Based upon the theoretical results, the Mn1.8CoY0.2O4 spinel coating is further deposited on the surface of Crofer 22 APU substrate by sol–gel and electrophoretic deposition method to verify the theoretical results. The performance of the coating samples after high‐temperature oxidation are tested and analyzed. The experimental results show that the Mn1.8CoY0.2O4 spinel coating significantly improves the high‐temperature antioxidation, Cr resistance performance, and electrical conductivity of the interconnect, providing a feasible solution for solving the Cr poisoning problem in cathode and accelerating the application of Crofer 22 APU alloy materials in SOFC metallic interconnects.