bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying homogeneous hydrological zones for flood prediction using multivariable statistical methods and machine learning
Authors: Safari Sahar , Sadeghian Mohammad Sadegh , Hajikandi Hooman , Mehdizadeh S. Sajad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOne method for estimating floods in areas lacking statistical data is the use of regional frequency analysis based on machine learning. In this study, statistical and clustering-based approaches were evaluated for flood estimation in the Karkheh watershed. The hydrological homogeneity of the obtained zones was then assessed using linear moments and heterogeneity adjustment methods proposed by Hosking and Wallis. Then, the ZDIST statistic was used to calculate the three-parameter distributions for stations within each hydrologically homogeneous cluster. These parameters were computed using linear moments, and floods with different return periods at each station were estimated using regional relationships. The results indicated the creation of two clusters in this area, with five stations in cluster one and 11 stations in cluster two. The statistical homogeneity values for clusters one and two were calculated as 0.33 and 0.17, respectively, indicating the homogeneity of each region. Generalized Pearson type III and generalized extreme value distributions were selected as the best regional distributions for clusters 1 and 2, respectively. The results also showed that floods could be estimated for return periods of 2, 5, 25 years, and more. The highest estimated flood is predicted at the Jelugir-e Majin station, where the flood with a 2-year return period reaches 1034 m3 s−1. This increases to 5360 m3 s−1 for a 100-year return period. The approach presented in this study is recommended for similar regions lacking complete information.
Importance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a marker for microbiological specimens in critically ill patients after liver or lung transplantation
Authors: Wiegand Steffen B. , Paal Michael , Jung Jette , Guba Markus , Lange Christian M. , Schneider Christian , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Michel Sebastian , Irlbeck Michael , Zoller Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The correct and early diagnosis of an infection is pivotal for patients, especially if the patients are immunocompromised. Various infection markers are used in clinics with different advantages and disadvantages. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a cost effective parameter easily obtained without further investments. The aim of this study is to elucidate the value of the NLR in comparison to other established inflammation markers in patients in the intensive care unit who underwent liver or lung transplantation for the detection of bacterial and fungal specimens.

Methods
In this retrospective single centre study infection marker and microbiology data of 543 intensive care cases of liver or lung transplanted patients in the intensive care unit after transplantation were analysed.

Results
In total 5,072 lab work results and 1,104 positive microbiology results were analysed. Results of an area under curve analysis were better for the NLR (0.631; p < 0.001) than for CRP (0.522; p = 0.152) or IL-6 (0.579; p < 0.001). The NLR was independent of type of organ which was transplanted and gender of patients, whereas IL-6 values differed significantly between liver and lung transplanted patients and between male and female.

Conclusion
All analysed inflammation markers are far from being perfect. The NLR is a sensitive marker with reasonable threshold for the detection of microbiological specimens independent of gender or type of organ transplanted. The use allows a more differentiated approach to face the challenge of bacteria and fungus in patients who underwent liver or lung transplantation.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of dietary counselling on allergic reactions in children with food allergy
Authors: Eisenblaetter Julia , Stephens-Metcalfe Nia , Meichtry Andre , van der Horst Klazine , Roduit Caroline , Koehli Alice , Bellutti Enders Felicitas , Skypala Isabel , Hickson Mary 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Purpose
Dietary counselling in the field of food allergy aims primarily to empower individuals to prevent allergic reactions, but its impact on allergic reactions remains unclear. This study examined the impact of dietary counselling and other factors on allergic reactions in children with food allergies.

Methods
In a multicentre study, parents of children (0–10 years) recently diagnosed with food allergies completed online questionnaires collecting data on subsequent allergic reactions. Data were collected at baseline and at 3, 6 and 12 months postdiagnosis. We fitted a negative binominal model to the data in order to quantify effects of counselling, time period and multiple food allergies on food allergy reaction rates.

Results
Among the 48 enrolled children, 31 encountered a total of 85 food allergic reactions. The monthly reaction rate decreased from 0.28 in the first 3 months to 0.07 between 6 and 12 months. Children receiving counselling from a dietitian demonstrated a lower ratio (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.37, confidence interval [CI] 0.19–0.72, p = 0.004). Those with more than three food allergies have an increased ratio compared to those with one to two food allergies (IRR = 6.18, CI 2.75–3.89, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Individual dietary counselling has the potential to prevent subsequent allergic reactions after diagnosis as it reduced the risk of allergic reactions by 63%. This impact might be most pronounced in the early months following diagnosis. Children with multiple food allergies are at a higher risk of allergic reactions and should, therefore, be prioritized to receive dietary counselling.
Groundwater potential assessment in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, using analytical hierarchical process (AHP) technique
Authors: Zenande Nonkula , Adesola Gbenga Olamide , Madi Kakaba , Gwavava Oswald 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGroundwater is crucial for the growth of any country. It is a vital resource for drinking water, agriculture, industry, and economic development. However, delineating the groundwater potential zones requires a systematic approach. This study assessed the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in the Ntabankulu municipality using remote sensing, geographic information systems, and analytical hierarchical process (AHP) techniques. Six groundwater controlling parameters were integrated to assess groundwater potential zones, including lithology, slope, lineaments density, land use/land cover, drainage density, and rainfall. The AHP pairwise comparison matrix was utilized to determine the normalized weight of the parameters. The parameters and their classes were assigned ranks, taking into account their influence on groundwater accumulation. The resultant GWPZ map was generated by integrating the parameters and their assigned weights in ArcGIS 10.8 software. The final map from the AHP technique showed five GWPZ, including very poor (13.06%), poor (25.36%), moderate (26.93%), good (22.72%), and very good (11.93%). Validation was done by using the existing 242 boreholes in the study area. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) analysis indicated a satisfactory accuracy prediction (AUC = 61%). The results of this study will assist in developing a proper plan for sustainable utilization of groundwater resources within the Ntabankulu municipality.
Properties of the QCD matter: review of selected results from the relativistic heavy ion collider beam energy scan (RHIC BES) program
Authors: Chen Jin-Hui , Dong Xin , He Xiong-Hong , Huang Huan-Zhong , Liu Feng , Luo Xiao-Feng , Ma Yu-Gang , Ruan Li-Juan , Shao Ming , Shi Shu-Su , Sun Xu , Tang Ai-Hong , Tang Ze-Bo , Wang Fu-Qiang , Wang Hai , Wang Yi , Xiao Zhi-Gang , Xie Guan-Nan , Xu Nu , Xu Qing-Hua , Xu Zhang-Bu , Yang Chi , Yang Shuai , Zha Wang-Mei , Zhang Ya-Peng , Zhang Yi-Fei , Zhao Jie , Zhu Xiang-Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the paper, we discuss the development of the multigap resistive plate chamber time-of-flight (TOF) technology and the production of the solenoidal tracker at RHIC (STAR) TOF detector in China at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Subsequently, recent experimental results from the first beam energy scan program (BES-I) at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) pertaining to measurements of collectivity, chirality, criticality, global polarization, strangeness, heavy flavor, dilepton and light nuclei productions are reviewed.
The imperative for sensing innovations toward lab on cell in battery technology: a holistic survey of the emerging trend of embedding sensor technologies in electrochemical cells
Authors: Thenaisie Guillaume , Couto Luis D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rapid evolution of battery technology has sparked an urgent need for advanced monitoring and diagnostic capabilities. This comprehensive review explores the emerging concept of Lab-on-Cell (LoC), a paradigm shift in battery management that integrates sophisticated sensing technologies directly into electrochemical cells. Through meticulous analysis, the study examines cutting-edge sensor technologies, including resistive and thermoelectric sensors, piezoelectric devices, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and optical fiber sensors. It delves into their principles, applications, and limitations within the context of battery diagnostics. Uniquely, this review intertwines technological assessment with geopolitical and economic context, charting the evolution of LoC technologies against a backdrop of global events and policy shifts. It sheds light on the complex drivers of innovation in this field, drawing connections between research trends, industrial needs, and regulatory changes. The study introduces a novel dual-reference system, separating general and LoC-specific sources to cater to a diverse readership. The review culminates in a forward-looking analysis of LoC technologies’ potential impact on battery management systems, cell design, and manufacturing processes. By weaving together technological advancements, market forces, and future projections, this in-depth examination provides a holistic view of the LoC landscape. It stands as a vital resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers navigating the intricate future of energy storage technologies.
African Studies Keyword: Science
Authors: Droney Damien 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVernacular discourse about science reveals theorizations of it as a power-laden, morally charged experimentation with the world guided by (often implicit) ethical orientations. Applying these vernacular theorizations to interpret professional class science on the continent, the author argues that this science has been shaped most profoundly by the politics of independence. While indigenous projects, European imperialism, and neoliberalism shape scientific institutions, African independence continues to inform the moral and political ends toward which science is thought to work. Understanding the alignment of professional class science with nation-building can help guide the recalibration of science toward the goal of substantive independence.
Identifying stakeholder motivations in normative AI governance: a systematic literature review for research guidance
Authors: Heymans Frederic , Heyman Rob 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Ethical guidelines and policy documents destined to guide AI innovations have been heralded as the solution to guard us against harmful effects or to increase public value. However, these guidelines and policy documents face persistent challenges. While these documents are often criticized for their abstraction and disconnection from real-world contexts, it also occurs that stakeholders may influence them for political or strategic reasons. While this last issue is frequently acknowledged, there is seldom a means or a method provided to explore it. To address this gap, the paper employs a combination of social constructivism and science & technology studies perspectives, along with desk research, to investigate whether prior research has examined the influence of stakeholder interests, strategies, or agendas on guidelines and policy documents. The study contributes to the discourse on AI governance by proposing a theoretical framework and methodologies to better analyze this underexplored area, aiming to enhance comprehension of the policymaking process within the rapidly evolving AI landscape. The findings underscore the need for a critical evaluation of the methodologies found and a further exploration of their utility. In addition, the results aim to stimulate ongoing critical debates on this subject.
Navigating Diphtheria Resurgence in Pakistan’s Conflict-Ridden and Disaster-Prone Area
Authors: Ahmad Junaid , Shah Muhammad Yasar , Latif Abdul , Sulaiman Muhammad , Khan Kamran 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Diphtheria, a highly contagious disease that can be prevented through vaccination, is emerging in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, an area known for its instability, which presents a severe risk of becoming an epidemic. This is particularly concerning, as the Government of Pakistan intends to send (push back, actually) Afghan refugees back to Afghanistan. This research aims to study the outbreak from an epidemiological perspective and suggest ways to manage it.

Methods
The study uses data from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Department of Health Information System, which systematically collects data throughout the province.

Results
Data from the provincial District Health Information System showed 291 confirmed cases of diphtheria across 28 districts, highlighting the considerable public health challenge posed by the disease’s capacity to spread widely. Among these, 16 cases were confirmed through laboratory tests, emphasizing the urgent need for better diagnostic services to identify diphtheria quickly and accurately. The research points out 4 specific outbreaks confirmed in laboratories in Batagram, Charsadda, Khyber, and Kohat, showcasing the broad geographic reach of the disease and the necessity for targeted public health initiatives in these areas.

Conclusions
By adopting a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach, there is a significant opportunity to reduce and ultimately eliminate the risk of diphtheria becoming an uncontrolled epidemic in the region.
Going beyond the wordlessness of EU law
Authors: Mair Sabine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis essay explores what can be learned from understanding EU law as a language in the literary sense of being a set of resources for manifold ethical and political expression and social action. As a contribution to new methodological approaches to studying EU law, it will propose a method highlighting how EU law can be studied in such a way by paying attention to the various linguistic and structural features of a legal text while, at the same time, diversifying the rationales through which we understand and make sense of such textual features. The Sayn–Wittgenstein decision will serve as point of reference in order to illustrate the value-added of this new theoretical and methodological insight to understanding EU law. This essay will conclude that it is not only worth taking the language of EU law seriously because it allows us to ’see’ more in the law, but also because it enables us to elevate the deeper ideas about Europe to the surface of the language we use when writing and speaking about EU law and to thereby contribute to a more productive dialogue about the foundations and future of the EU polity.
Dynamics of projectable functions: towards an atlas of wandering domains for a family of Newton maps
Authors: Florido Robert , Fagella Núria 
Published: November 2024

We present a one-parameter family Fλ of transcendental entire functions with zeros, whose Newton’s method yields wandering domains, coexisting with the basins of the roots of Fλ. Wandering domains for Newton maps of zero-free functions have been built before by, e.g. Buff and Rückert [23] based on the lifting method. This procedure is suited to our Newton maps as members of the class of projectable functions (or maps of the cylinder), i.e. transcendental meromorphic functions f(z) in the complex plane that are semiconjugate, via the exponential, to some map g(w), which may have at most a countable number of essential singularities. In this paper, we make a systematic study of the general relation (dynamical and otherwise) between f and g, and inspect the extension of the logarithmic lifting method of periodic Fatou components to our context, especially for those g of finite-type. We apply these results to characterize the entire functions with zeros whose Newton’s method projects to some map g which is defined at both 0 and

$\infty$

. The family Fλ is the simplest in this class, and its parameter space shows open sets of λ-values in which the Newton map exhibits wandering or Baker domains, in both cases regions of initial conditions where Newton’s root-findingmethod fails.
Global dynamics for the stochastic nonlinear beam equations on the four-dimensional torus
Authors: Chapouto Andreia , Li Guopeng , Liu Ruoyuan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study global-in-time dynamics of the stochastic nonlinear beam equations (SNLB) with an additive space-time white noise, posed on the four-dimensional torus. The roughness of the noise leads us to introducing a time-dependent renormalization, after which we show that SNLB is pathwise locally well-posed in all subcritical and most of the critical regimes. For the (renormalized) defocusing cubic SNLB, we establish pathwise global well-posedness below the energy space, by adapting a hybrid argument of Gubinelli-Koch-Oh-Tolomeo (2022) that combines the I-method with a Gronwall-type argument. Lastly, we show almost sure global well-posedness and invariance of the Gibbs measure for the stochastic damped nonlinear beam equations in the defocusing case.
Spontaneous regression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports
Authors: Lau Kin Lun , Ferozepurwalla Zarius 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveA systematic review of case reports in spontaneous regression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was carried out to investigate the pattern and characteristics of this phenomenon.MethodsA systematic search of case studies of spontaneously regressed head and neck SCC was carried out in Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline and Pubmed. Methodological quality was assessed by ascertainment of diagnosis and overall details of reports. Outcomes included patient demographics, head and neck SCC characteristics and clinical course of disease.ResultsA total of 8 cases were included and 50 per cent (n = 4) of the reported cases were SCC of the vocal folds. All cases received a surgical biopsy and three cases had possible febrile episodes preceding regression. The mean length of time to regression was 4.3 months.DiscussionSpontaneous regression in head and neck SCC is likely to be under-reported. A better understanding of how the host immune system can instigate an antitumour response will shed light on the development of novel treatments.
Agents of capital: Matriarchs, law, and agrarian transactions in the Eastern Gangetic plains of eighteenth-century India
Authors: Narayan Rochisha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article contributes to historiographical examinations of gender and capitalism in eighteenth-century India. Focusing on the fragile nature of revenue farming ventures in this period, the article illustrates how propertied women in the Eastern Gangetic plains used matriarchal authority and affect to lead their agrarian and mercantile family firms into commercial transactions. The article shows that the household was the locus of these commercial relationships and that of the competing and layered sovereignties of distinct state and non-state actors. At the same time, matriarchs exercised their authority beyond it. Travelling in palanquins, or having their kin conduct transactions on their behalf, they asserted their maternal authority and social status in different publics to protect their firms’ interests. In a second key argument, the article suggests that Mughal law, fostered by native officials in the early colonial courts in Banaras, facilitated propertied women’s participation in this economy. Matriarchs demonstrated a keen understanding of this fractured jurisdictional landscape and used it to their advantage as they manoeuvred from one legal forum to another. The third argument of this article illustrates that colonial regulations redefined, and could even compromise, propertied women’s engagements in land revenue transactions. These shifts were made possible through the mobilization of gender and specific understandings of womanhood and the household. In this article, I show that these attempts to disenfranchise propertied women in Banaras were intimately connected to the Company’s vision of a colonial public in which it could monopolize sovereignty.
Mulder’s hail Mary
Authors: Hereth Blake 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In a recent article Jack Mulder, Jr gives a Plantinga-style defence of the Virgin Mary’s free consent to bear Jesus at the Annunciation. Against Mulder, I argue that a theodicy (rather than a defence) is necessary to undermine my arguments, that Mulder’s Catholic appeal to Mary’s Immaculate Conception amounts to a kind of freedom-undermining metaphysical grooming, and therefore Marian consent remains invalid.
The ropelength conjecture of alternating knots
Authors: DIAO YUANAN 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA long standing conjecture states that the ropelength of any alternating knot is at least proportional to its crossing number. In this paper we prove that this conjecture is true. That is, there exists a constant
$b_0 \gt 0$
such that
$R(K)\ge b_0Cr(K)$
for any alternating knot K, where R(K) is the ropelength of K and Cr(K) is the crossing number of K. In this paper, we prove that this conjecture is true and establish that
$b_0 \gt 1/56$
.
Destruction, delay and déjà vu: the restoration of Dublin’s O’Connell Street after the Irish civil war, 1922–1933
Authors: Ó Corráin Daithí , Rodgers Joe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
During the opening phase of the Irish civil war, Dublin’s O’Connell Street was subjected to large-scale destruction of properties and businesses for the second time since the 1916 Rising. Utilizing newly available compensation claims as well as state and local government records, this article examines four aspects of the post-civil war restoration of O’Connell Street for the first time: the scale of the destruction; the compensation scheme devised by the Irish government which accorded O’Connell Street a unique status in the Damage to Property Compensation Act of 1923; the context of the town-planning regulations introduced, as well as the concerns of property owners, the local authority and central government; and the process of reconstruction – how compensation was paid, what properties were rebuilt, in what manner and when.
The Three-Verdict Problem
Authors: Whiteley Jack H.L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn Scotland, for hundreds of years, juries have chosen between three criminal verdicts: “guilty,” “not guilty,” and “not proven.” The “not proven” verdict’s legal meaning remains mysterious. In this article, I aim to describe and solve the problem. Applying modern ideas about standards of proof to the intellectual history of “not proven” yields eight plausible meanings for the verdict. With the extent of the problem in mind, I offer a solution. In the three-verdict system, jurors should deliver a “guilty” verdict when they believe that the accused has committed the crime and a “not guilty” verdict when they believe that the accused has not committed the crime. The “not proven” verdict is for all other states of mind. Clarifying this question matters for determining whether the verdict’s existence is just. It also offers some evidence for how the criminal standard of proof works in other legal systems.