bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of drug-metabolizing enzymes coding genes CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5 alleles in a group of healthy Turkish population
Authors: Ün İsmail , Barlas İ. Ömer , Uyar Nisa , Taşdelen Bahar , Tiftik Naci 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objective:
Variant alleles in specific ethnic groups are important for personalized drug therapy regimens and adverse drug reactions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate allelic frequencies of the CYP2D6*1, CYP3A4*5, CYP3A4*18, CYP3A5*2 and CYP3A5*4 in a group of Turkish population.

Materials and methods:
Three hundred and six unrelated healthy subjects who were accepted as blood donors to the Mersin University Blood Bank were included in the study after informed consent. Allelic frequencies of the CYP2D6*1 (rs3892097), CYP3A4*5 (rs55901263), CYP3A4*18 (rs28371759), CYP3A5*2 (rs28365083) and CYP3A5*4 (rs56411402) were determined by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays.

Results:

CYP2D6 allele frequencies in detected group was 100% for CYP2D6*1 (WT/WT). CYP3A4 allele frequencies of subjects were 100% for CYP3A4*5 (C/C) and CYP3A4*18 (T/T). CYP3A5 allele were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for CYP3A5*2 (p=0.142) and frequencies for C and A allele were 91% and 9% respectively. CYP3A5 allele frequencies of subjects was 100% for CYP3A5*4 (WT/WT).

Conclusion:
Screening of low frequency alleles by pharmacogenetic testing must not be omitted to optimize pharmacotherapy and avoid severe drug toxicities. Frequency distributions of the identified polymorphisms in the present study may contribute to the personalized drug therapy regimens and prediction of possible adverse drug reactions in the Turkish population.
Simulation of Use-Related Multi-Parameter Load Spectrum Based on Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Zhigang Sun , Guangpeng Xing , Qi Lu , Yingdong Song 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Aircraft engine load spectrum is the basis of stress analysis of components, structural design criteria, the durability test of components and complete engine and lifetime analysis. The main features are as follows: 1.it is difficult to obtain; 2. samples are insufficient; 3. parameters amount are huge, complex correlation. As a result, the lifetime prediction for aircraft engine and the new engine development is in urgent need of the simulation method of load spectrum. The mathematical model of aircraft engine, in specific, the use-related multiple parameters load spectrum was established by using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). By using this model, simulation about the normal, non-normal and measured load spectrum of aero-engine can be made. In this paper, the simulated method of use-related multi-parameter load spectrum based on PCA can simulate the original load spectrum at any time by few sample measured and keep the correlation between parameters unchanged. The result indicated that the cumulative frequency curve of the simulated load spectrum and the cumulative frequency curve of the original load spectrum are in good agreement, which ensures that the fatigue damage caused by the simulation spectrum is consistent with the original spectrum.
Efficient synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acids catalyzed by a TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite in aqueous media at room temperature
Authors: Sadegh-Samiei Sepehr , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
A novel and efficient synthesis of eight 5-aryl-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4,5,8-hexahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-7-carboxylic acids using a TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposite with a molar ratio of 1:1 as a recyclable heterogeneous catalyst is described. The desired products, five of which are new, are formed in short reaction times (2–3 h) with high to excellent yields (94%–98%) under very moderate reaction conditions (room temperature, aqueous media).
Chromatin Loop Formation Induced by a Subtelomeric Protosilencer Represses EPA Genes in Candida glabrata
Authors: López-Fuentes Eunice , Hernández-Hernández Grecia , Castanedo Leonardo , Gutiérrez-Escobedo Guadalupe , Oktaba Katarzyna , De las Peñas Alejandro , Castaño Irene 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Adherence, an important virulence factor, is mediated by the EPA (Epithelial Adhesin) genes in the opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata. Expression of adhesin-encoding genes requires tight regulation to respond to harsh environmental conditions within the host. The majority of EPA genes are localized in subtelomeric regions regulated by subtelomeric silencing, which depends mainly on Rap1 and the Sir proteins. In vitro adhesion to epithelial cells is primarily mediated by Epa1. EPA1 forms a cluster with EPA2 and EPA3 in the right telomere of chromosome E (E-R). This telomere contains a cis-acting regulatory element, the protosilencer Sil2126 between EPA3 and the telomere. Interestingly, Sil2126 is only active in the context of its native telomere. Replacement of the intergenic regions between EPA genes in E-R revealed that cis-acting elements between EPA2 and EPA3 are required for Sil2126 activity when placed 32 kb away from the telomere (Sil@-32kb). Sil2126 contains several putative binding sites for Rap1 and Abf1, and its activity depends on these proteins. Indeed, Sil2126 binds Rap1 and Abf1 at its native position and also when inserted at −32 kb, a silencing-free environment in the parental strain. In addition, we found that Sil@-32kb and Sil2126 at its native position can physically interact with the intergenic regions between EPA1-EPA2 and EPA2-EPA3 respectively, by chromosome conformation capture assays. We speculate that Rap1 and Abf1 bound to Sil2126 can recruit the Silent Information Regulator complex, and together mediate silencing in this region, probably through the formation of a chromatin loop.
DYNAMICS OF THE PREVALENCE BY VISIT OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION, CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND COMPLICATIONS DURING 6 YEARS IN RURAL AREAS INHABITANTS
Authors: Denisov I. N. , Zaugolnikova Т. V. , Popova Т. S. , Morozova T. E. 
Published: July 2018

Aim. Assessment of the dynamics of arterial hypertension (AH), coronary heart disease (CHD), postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PICS), stroke, cardiovascular risk factors prevalence by visit, during 6 years in the inhabitants of rural areas. Assessment of the impact of prevention events on the revealing rate of cardiovascular diseases.Material and methods. In the years 2015-17, a retrospective analysis was done, of the database on 2202 adults (≥18 y.o.) in Mokshinskaya rural outpatient facility. Of those 970 (44,1%) males and 1232 (55,9%) females. Study object — the reports for 2011-2016. For statistics, the IBM SPSS 21.0 was used, together with WinPEPI 10.49. Precise Fisher test applied and chi-square by Pearson. Statistics borderline set to 5%.Results. In 2016г the prevalence of AH — 9,54% (of all adult population), CHD — 2,00%, PICS — 0,59%, stroke — 0,27%. Prevalence increase by: AH — 32,5%, diabetes — 30,6%, obesity — 52,4%. There was tendency to decline of all CHD cases number: from 3039,8 by 100 thousand persons to 1998,2 by 100 thsd. PICS values did not change significantly. Cardiovascular mortality in the studied population was slightly higher — 7,3 promille in 2016, than cardiovascular mortality by Rosstat data — 6,2 promille and correlates strongly negatively with prevention events that have been performed.Conclusion. During a 6 year period there is significant increase of AH, diabetes, obesity prevalence that correlates significantly with prevention events. Nevertheless, the data on 2016 remains below mean statistics for entire country, except on obesity. Increase of the number of obesity persons by 52,4% is a serious medical and social problem of the studied population. It is a risk factor sreiously influencing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
On Reasonable and Forced Goal Orderings and their Use in an Agenda-Driven Planning Algorithm
Authors: Koehler J. , Hoffmann J. 
Published: July 2018

The paper addresses the problem of computing goal orderings, which is one of the longstanding issues in AI planning. It makes two new contributions. First, it formally defines and discusses two different goal orderings, which are called the reasonable and the forced ordering. Both orderings are defined for simple STRIPS operators as well as for more complex ADL operators supporting negation and conditional effects. The complexity of these orderings is investigated and their practical relevance is discussed. Secondly, two different methods to compute reasonable goal orderings are developed. One of them is based on planning graphs, while the other investigates the set of actions directly. Finally, it is shown how the ordering relations, which have been derived for a given set of goals G, can be used to compute a so-called goal agenda that divides G into an ordered set of subgoals. Any planner can then, in principle, use the goal agenda to plan for increasing sets of subgoals. This can lead to an exponential complexity reduction, as the solution to a complex planning problem is found by solving easier subproblems. Since only a polynomial overhead is caused by the goal agenda computation, a potential exists to dramatically speed up planning algorithms as we demonstrate in the empirical evaluation, where we use this method in the	IPP planner.
Güncel Bilgiler Eşliğinde Kolelitiazis Tedavisinde Laparaskopik ve Açık Kolesistektominin Yeri
Authors: AYKAS Ahmet , KARASU Zeki 
Published: July 2018

Giriş

Kolelitiazis
dünya çapında oldukça yaygın görülen cerrahi bir hastalıktır. Açık ve
laparaskopik cerrahi ile tedavi edilmekte olan bu hastalığın, yapılan cerrahi
girişimlerde uygulanan yöntem ve tekniklerle ilişkili olarak komplikasyonları
değişmektedir. Bu çalışmada laparaskopik kolesistektomi ile açık kolesistektomi
yapılan hastalarda gelişen morbidite, mortalite , hastanede kalış süresi,
ameliyat süresi, aktif yaşama dönüş süresi ve erken dönemde gelişen komplikasyonlar
açısından fark olup olmadığını araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem

Çalışmanın verileri Mart 1995 ile Ekim 1996 tarihleri
arasında SSK İzmir Eğitim Hastanesi 3.
Cerrahi Kliniğinde açık ve laparaskopik kolesistektomi yapılan hastaların
prospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi ile elde edilmiştir. Hastalar yaş,
cinsiyet, semptomların şekli ve süresi, daha önce geçirilmiş operasyon olup
olmaması, yandaş hastalıklarının olup olmaması , peroperatif ve postoperatif
komplikasyonlar açısından incelenmiştir.

Bulgular

Her iki hasta grubunda da yandaş hastalık olarak diabet,
hipertansiyon, ASKH ve geçirilmiş operasyon öyküsü olup olmadığı araştırıldı. Laparoskopik
kolesistektomi uygulanan hastaların 7’sinde (%23,3), açık kolesistektomi
uygulanan hastaların 18’inde (%36) yukardaki hastalıklar saptandı. Laparoskopik
kolesistektomi uygulanan 30 hastadan 4 tanesi (%13,3) alt batın operasyonu
geçirmişti. Laparoskopik kolesistektomi uygulanan hastaların 4 (%13,3) tanesinde
açık kolesistektomiye geçilmiştir.

Sonuç

Yaklaşık
1,5 yıllık bir süre içerisinde gerçekleştirdiğimiz bu çalışmada laparaskopik ve
açık kolesistektomi yapılan hastaların sonuçları karşılaştırılmış, hastaların
hastanede yatış süresinin kısalığı, fiziksel aktiviteye dönüşteki kısalık,
postoperatif ağrı ve daha iyi kozmetik sonuçlar nedeniyle laparaskopik
kolesistektominin avantajlı bir yöntem olduğu belirlenmiştir.Anahtar kelimeler : Kolelitiazis, kolesistektomi, komplikasyon, laparaskopi
Social Media Adoption by the Academic Community: Theoretical Insights and Empirical Evidence From Developing Countries
Authors: Arshad Mamoona , Akram Muhammad Shakaib 
Published: July 2018

The paper investigates the impact of virtual environmental characteristics such as collaboration, communication, and resource sharing on social media adoption by the academic community at the university level. Building on the social constructivist paradigm and technology acceptance model, we propose a conceptual model to assess social media adoption in academia by incorporating collaboration, communication, and resource sharing as predictors of social media adoption, whereas perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness act as mediators in this relationship. Structural equation modeling serves to estimate the proposed conceptual model on a sample of 661 respondents from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Pakistan. The findings suggest that an individual’s propensity toward social media features (i.e., collaboration, communication, and resource sharing) acts as a stimulus to their social media adoption. Moreover, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness mediate the relationship between these stimuli and their outcomes (i.e., social media adoption). The paper concludes with the discussion on the findings and recommendations for the academicians and the practitioners of social media in the higher education institutions.
Effects of Open Textbook Adoption on Teachers’ Open Practices
Authors: Mason Stacie L , Kimmons Royce 
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand whether certain theoretical benefits that open educational resources (OER) might have on teacher practice were being realized by a group of secondary teachers using open science textbooks. In surveys and interviews, teachers were asked to describe their classroom practice before and after adopting an open textbook, including practices relating to openness. Teachers were also asked to rate the quality of open textbooks they were using in contrast to textbooks used previously. Most participants reported changes to practice, and the most commonly cited changes could be attributed to a combination of openness and online format. For example, participants described linking textbook content to other online resources. In comparisons of current to previous practice, however, teachers did not report increases in the open practices of collaboration, revising, or adapting.
A Baixa Internacionalização das Empresas Brasileiras: Uma Análise das Principais Barreiras Institucionais
Authors: Mariotti Danilo Castanha , Borini Felipe Mendes , Dos Santos Leandro Lima , Pereira Rafael Morais 
Published: July 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as características do ambiente institucional do Brasil que dificultam a internacionalização das empresas brasileiras. O alcance deste objetivo se torna possível através da análise da relação entre a tributação brasileira e a baixa internacionalização das empresas nacionais; e da relação entre a infraestrutura brasileira e a baixa internacionalização dessas empresas nacionais. A base teórica adotada engloba as teorias de internacionalização e a visão baseada em instituições. Para viabilizar este estudo, utilizam-se os dados da pesquisa Enterprise Surveys da agência International Finance Corporation (IFC), do Banco Mundial, realizada em 2009. A pesquisa realizada confirmou que os obstáculos associados à questão da tributação brasileira são mais percebidos e enfrentados por empresas brasileiras internacionalizadas do que as não internacionalizadas. Isto pode ser justificado pelo fato das empresas internacionalizadas terem vivenciado essas dificuldades e aprendido a lidar com esses obstáculos para poder realizar suas atividades, enquanto que as não internacionalizadas, por ainda não realizarem atividades no exterior, não conseguem perceber da mesma forma esses obstáculos da tributação. Já os obstáculos da infraestrutura nacional implicam na atuação tanto de empresas não internacionalizadas quanto de internacionalizadas, mostrando que esta barreira afeta ambas de forma similar.
Postembryonic Ventral Nerve Cord Development and Gonad Migration in Steinernema carpocapsae
Authors: Bui Hung Xuan , Schroeder Nathan E. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Steinernema carpocapsae is an entomopathogenic nematode widely studied for its properties as a biocontrol agent in insect pest management and as a model for understanding bacterial symbioses. Less attention has been given to the development of specific anatomical structures within S. carpocapsae. A better understanding of entomopathogenic nematode development and anatomy may lead to improved biocontrol efficacy. We recently demonstrated that the neuroanatomy of S. carpocapsae IJs differs from the dauer stage of Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we used in vitro cultures of S. carpocapsae to examine the early development of the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Similar to C. elegans, S. carpocapsae hatches as a J1 with a VNC containing only a fraction of the neurons found in later developmental stages. During J1 development, S. carpocapsae adds additional cells to the VNC to establish the complete set of neurons. During our examination of the VNC, we also noted variable gonad arm development among S. carpocapsae individuals. Using synchronized in vitro cultures, we found that the gonad migration pattern in S. carpocapsae was distinct from both C. elegans and the Diplogaster nematode Pristionchus pacificus. The S. carpocapsae gonad arm migration was highly variable.
List of Type Specimens Deposited Since 1998 in the United States Department of Agriculture Nematode Collection, Beltsville, Maryland
Authors: Handoo Zafar A. , Kantor Mihail R. , Carta Lynn K. , Chitwood David J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The United States Department of Agriculture Nematode Collection (USDANC) is one of the largest and most valuable in existence and includes millions of specimens housed in over 39,800 permanent slides and 9,300 vials. This collection preserves type specimens of nematodes to serve as a reference for identifications and future taxonomic revisions. Also, the collection provides useful information on nematode hosts, occurrence, and distribution. The present list includes type specimens added to the USDANC since 1998. Since that time, the collection has expanded, with 474 type species mounted and preserved on 2,564 glass slides and 180 vials. We encourage nematologists throughout the world to deposit type specimens in the USDANC for use by future generations.
THE STUDY OF PROKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION
Authors: Minaev Mihail Yu. , Makhova Anzhelika A. 
Published: July 2018

One of the methods to evaluate the level of gene expression is a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Interest in the study of molecular mechanisms of gene expression and its evaluation in prokaryotes is due to the lack of research on this issue and a number of methodological problems. The paper presents a study of gene expression mechanism in prokaryotes evidence from Aeromonas salmonicida AS1 gyrase B and collagenase genes. As a result of the research, Random primer and oligo (dT) primer (two 3’-terminal nucleotides of the primer complementary to stop codon nucleotides of the transcribed DNA sequence) with anchor and adapter of our own design were tested, which are used in the reaction of reverse transcription. The use of oligo (dT) primer became possible only after polyadenylation of extracted RNA using special poly-A polymerase kit. It is determined that the developed protocol of reverse transcription (RT) using oligo (dT) primer and adapter with certain sequence on its 5’-terminus designed for further annealing of the reverse primer during real-time PCR along with preliminary polyadenylation of RNA excludes specific amplification of the background genomic DNA. This technique may be applied in evaluating the expression level of low-expression genes when high background genomic DNA content is found in the RNA sample, e.g. at the end of logarithmic growth of prokaryotic cells.ContributionAll authors bear responsibility for the work and presented data. All authors made an equal contribution to the work. Minaev M. Yu. developed scientific and methodological approaches to work, determined the scope of research, analyzed the data obtained, performed the narrative and corrected it in final. Makhova A.A. selected research objects, carried out RNA extraction, reverse transcription and PCR analysis, performed the narrative part. The authors were equally involved in writing the manuscript and bear the equal responsibility for plagiarism.Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflict of interest.
Application Timing and Rate Effects on Rice Tolerance to Very‐Long‐Chain Fatty Acid–Inhibiting Herbicides
Authors: Godwin John , Norsworthy Jason K. , Scott Robert C. 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
We evaluated dry‐seeded rice tolerance to four very‐long‐chain fatty acid‐inhibiting herbicides over four application timings.
As application timing was delayed relative to rice planting, rice tolerance to all herbicides generally improved.
Injury to rice from S‐metolachlor and pyroxasulfone was unacceptable, whereas rice exhibited sufficient tolerance to pethoxamid and acetochlor.
Integrating herbicide sites of action used in other cropping systems into rice (Oryza sativa L.) production provides a unique opportunity to control weeds that are resistant to current rice herbicides. Today, there are no very‐long‐chain fatty acid (VLCFA)–inhibiting herbicides labeled for use in U.S. rice. Field trials were conducted in 2015 and 2016 near Stuttgart, AR, to assess rice tolerance to four VLCFA‐inhibiting herbicides. Individual field trials were conducted to determine rice tolerance to pyroxasulfone, S‐metolachlor, pethoxamid, and a microencapsulated formulation of acetochlor. In each trial, two rates of the particular herbicide were applied to rice at the delayed preemergence, spiking, 1‐ to 2‐leaf (lf), and 3‐ to 4‐lf timings. Rice injury ranging from 20 to 96% was observed 5 wk after flooding following the use of pyroxasulfone at all rates and application timings, which caused a decrease in rice yield relative to the nontreated control in both years. Rice injury from S‐metolachlor was reduced as application timings were made past planting in 2016; however, injury ratings ranged from 19 to 100% over the growing season, largely because of differences in application timing and rainfall following the earlier applications. Overall, acetochlor and pethoxamid caused the lowest injury with little or no yield reduction compared with the nontreated control. Because of rice tolerance to acetochlor and pethoxamid at the 1‐ to 2‐lf and 3‐ to 4‐lf application timings, it appears that these herbicides can safely be applied in U.S. rice production.
Something Old, Something New and Something Used in Alzheimer's; the Idea of Pore, Ethanol and the Use of Oocytes to Understand the Disease
Authors: Parodi Jorge 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Alzheimer's disease remains an unsolved public health problem. Recent
studies shifted the focus of the pathogenesis from a neurodegenerative process to a synaptic
failure, including a large group of pathologies called peptide misfolding diseases.

Objective:
In this line, recent research has proposed new models to study the pathologies such
as frog oocytes, revalidation of a mechanism such as the amyloid pore, and a link of moderate
alcohol consumption with a reduced risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods:
We reviewed the latest publication in this field.

Conclusion:
We believe, therefore, that the available data suggest an important role of the
amyloid pore mechanism in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer's disease, the use of oocytes
for its study, and how a moderate consumption of ethanol could reduce the effects of amyloid
aggregates.