bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE BANK LENDING CHANNEL OF MONETARY POLICY TRANSMISSION IN A DUAL BANKING SYSTEM
Authors: H. Ibrahim Mansor 
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the impact of monetary policy on bank lending in a dual banking system, i.e. Malaysia. Making use of an unbalanced panel data set of 38 Islamic and conventional banks covering mostly 2001-2014, we find evidence that variations in monetary policy affect lending growth of Islamic banks and, to some extent, conventional banks. The results further reveal that, in conformity with studies using aggregate Islamic financing data, the Islamic financing growth reacts more strongly to monetary policy changes. Moreover, we find no marked difference between full-fledged Islamic banks and Islamic bank subsidiaries in their responses to monetary policy. While we also document some evidence indicating the significant relations between bank-specific variables and lending growth, the bank-specific variables do not seem to have any role in impacting the potency of the bank lending channel. Finally, we find that lending growth is directly related to economic growth, suggesting procyclicality of bank lending/financing in Malaysia. These results have important implications for effective implementation of monetary policy and further development of Islamic banks in Malaysia. Key words: Bank lending channel, Monetary policy, Dual banking system, Malaysia JEL Classification: E53, G21, C23
APRENDIZAJE A LO LARGO DE LA VIDA: EFECTOS DE LA PARTICIPACIÓN EN LOS PROGRAMAS UNIVERSITARIOS PARA MAYORES SOBRE LA SALUD.
Authors: Pinazo Hernandis S. , Montoro-Rodríguez J. 
Published: March 2018

La asistencia a programas educativos para mayores puede revertir de manera muy positiva en el autoconcepto de la persona mayor, ayudándola a sentirse activa y capaz de mejorar. Son un excelente contexto para mejorar y ampliar la red social y reforzar la integración y participación social. Se obtuvieron datos de una muestra de 428 participantes de un programa universitario para mayores de 55 años. El cuestionario incluía información socio-demográfica y preguntas sobre el impacto de la participación en el programa universitario para mayores de 55 años, sobre su salud, apoyo social familiar, redes sociales y crecimiento personal. Además, se midieron la salud y otras variables psicológicas (satisfacción con la vida, depresión). Los resultados indican que el programa tenía un impacto en muchas facetas de las vidas de sus participantes. Comparando alumnos de segundo curso con los de tercero, los datos confirman que a mayor exposición al programa (esto es, más años cursados), mayor percepción de beneficios.
Palabras clave: educación a lo largo de la vida, salud, participación social, integración social, bienestar, programas universitarios para mayores
ISLAM DAN TRADISI JAWA: Pencarian Motif Dan Makna Dalam Tradisi Selametan Mendirikan Rumah Di Dusun Gentan Ngrupit Jenangan Ponorogo
Authors: Huda Miftahul Huda 
Published: March 2018

Abstract: Encountering between Islam and Javanese culture is fascinating to study. It is proved by cultural unique in Java community, such “selametan” tradition in building the house. Therefore, in this study discover two elements. First, look for the motivation in holding that tradition. Second, the depth meaning of “selamatan sajen” towards Javanese community. This study conducted qualitative approach and this was case study. This study focused on the relation between Islam Javanese culture. The population was the civilizing of Gentan, Ngrupit, Jenangan, Ponorogo. Observation and interview were used to collect the data. It was found that the existence of selametan sajen is as same as the Islamic assent. It was proved by Prophet Adam a.s and his son also used that tradition in the past. Moreover, the intended meaning of its culture is to pray to Allah. Then the purposes are, first, safeness during the process in building house; second, hopefully neighbors blessing. Selamatan tradition invites their neighborhood and gives them various kinds of food and snacks. Those are called as sajen. In line, selametan tradition such building a house, has contribution in spiritual education. As the reason, its sajen has different depth meaning of each symbol. And it can be seen in Islamic culture. Keywords: Mbah Pujonggo, Singkretis, Nayuh, Kembang Setaman.
Development of a Nowcasting System Using Machine Learning Approaches to Predict Fecal Contamination Levels at Recreational Beaches in Korea
Authors: Park Yongeun , Kim Minjeong , Pachepsky Yakov , Choi Seoung‐Hwa , Cho Jeong‐Goo , Jeon Junho , Cho Kyung Hwa 
Published: March 2018

Microbial contamination in beach water poses a public health threat due to waterborne diseases. To reduce the risk of exposure to fecal contamination, informing beachgoers in advance about the microbial water quality is important. Currently, determining the level of fecal contamination takes 24 h. The objective of this study is to predict the current level of fecal contamination (enterococcus [ENT] and Escherichia coli) using readily available environmental variables. Artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR) models were constructed using data from the Haeundae and Gwangalli Beaches in Busan City. The input variables included the tidal level, air and water temperature, solar radiation, wind direction and velocity, precipitation, discharge from the wastewater treatment plant, and suspended solid concentration in beach water. The dependence of fecal contamination on the input variables was statistically evaluated; precipitation, discharge from the wastewater treatment plant, and wind direction at the two beaches were positively correlated to the changes in the two bacterial concentrations (p < 0.01), whereas solar radiation was negatively correlated (p < 0.01). The performance of the ANN model for predicting ENT and E. coli at Gwangalli Beach was significantly higher than that of the SVR model with the training dataset (p < 0.05). Based on the comparison of residual values between the predicted and observed fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in two models, the ANN demonstrated better performance than SVR. This study suggests an effective prediction method to determine whether a beach is safe for recreational use.Core Ideas
Enterococcus and E. coli concentrations were predicted using machine learning models.
Nine variables collected from two beach waters were tested as input for the models.
The ANN performed better than SVR for predicting fecal indicator bacteria concentrations.
Variability of Escherichia coli Concentrations in Rivers during Base‐Flow Conditions in New Zealand
Authors: Muirhead Richard W. , Meenken Esther D. 
Published: March 2018

Escherichia coli concentrations in rivers are known to vary considerably. Much research has focused on storm events and the relationships between fecal microbe concentrations and flows. However, there is still considerable variability in microbial concentrations during base‐flow conditions, and little research has been conducted to understand this short‐term variability in rivers. We investigated the variability of E. coli concentrations in base flows at the time scales of minutes, hours, and days and compared this to variability from laboratory replication of the measurement methods. This was conducted in three different‐sized rivers in both summer and winter seasons. Estimates of variability were analyzed using the coefficient of variation (CV). The variability at the minute time scale was 17%, compared with the laboratory replication variability of 15%. The CV then increased to approximately 32 and 60% at the hourly and daily time scales, respectively. There is strong evidence that both time scale (p < 0.001) and river (p < 0.001) significantly affect the variation in E. coli concentrations. The E. coli concentrations were higher in summer than winter, with a marked effect in the smallest stream, where at one site the concentrations were >2000 most probable number (mpn) 100 mL−1 in all summer samples. This variability of concentrations should be considered when interpreting the results from a one‐off grab sample used to compare against water quality standards or for calibrating models.Core Ideas
E. coli concentrations are highly variable during base‐flow conditions.
The error of analytical techniques needs to be considered for interpreting grab sample results.
The variability of E. coli concentrations increases with increasing time scale.
Predicting Field‐Apparent Nitrogen Mineralization from Anaerobically Incubated Nitrogen
Authors: Reussi Calvo Nahuel Ignacio , Wyngaard Nicolás , Orcellet Juan , Sainz Rozas Hernán Rene , Echeverría Hernán Eduardo 
Published: March 2018

Core IdeasStudy aimed to predict field N mineralization (Nmin) from anaerobically incubated N (Nan).Nandid not predict Nminin areas with contrasting edaphic‐climatic properties.Nminwas predicted by a model including Nan, temperature and rainfall.The nitrogen (N) released after a 7‐d anaerobic incubation (Nan) is a good estimator of the size of the soil N mineralizable pool. However, there is a lack of information on how soil properties and climate affect the apparent field N mineralization (Nmin) of this pool. The objective of our study was to develop and validate a simple model to estimate Nminfrom Nanin corn (Zea maysL.) and wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) fields. To this end, we performed 100 field experiments where we measured Nmin, Nan, rainfall, temperature (TC), soil texture, pH, soil organic matter (SOM), and pre‐sowing mineral N concentration (Ninitial). We performed a stepwise analysis to develop a model to predict Nminusing data from 70 sites, while the rest of the data was saved for model validation. The Nanranged from 16 to 94 mg kg–1while Nminranged from 22 to 232 kg ha–1. There was a strong association between Nanand Nminwithin regions with similar climate and edaphic properties. However, we could not fit a single significant model to estimate Nminbased solely on Nanto be used in all regions. By considering other variables besides Nan, we developed a model that allowed predicting Nminindependently from the site [Nmin= –252 + 12.3(TC) + 1.37(Nan) + 0.27(rainfall)] (R2= 0.89, model validationR2= 0.83). This model could be useful to adjust N fertilizer recommendations for corn and wheat, reducing the economic and environmental impact of fertilization.
Response of Soil Carbon Fractions and Dryland Maize Yield to Mulching
Authors: Wang Jun , Fu Xin , Zhao Fazhu , Sainju Upendra M. 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Root growth due to mulching may enhance soil C fractions and maize yield.
Straw and plastic film mulching effect on soil C fractions and maize yield studied.
Plastic film mulching increased maize yield, but reduced soil C fractions.
Straw mulching enhanced C fractions and maize yield compared with no mulching.
Straw mulching can increase C sequestration, soil health, and dryland maize yield.
Stimulation of root growth from mulching may enhance soil C fractions under maize (Zea mays L.). We studied the 5‐yr straw (SM) and plastic film (PM) mulching effect on soil C fractions and maize yield compared with no mulching (CK) in the Loess Plateau of China. Soil samples collected from 0‐ to 10‐ and 10‐ to 20‐cm depths after maize harvest in the fall, 2011 to 2015, were analyzed for soil organic C (SOC), particulate organic C (POC), potential C mineralization (PCM), and microbial biomass C (MBC). At both depths, all C fractions were 7 to 35% greater with SM than PM and CK. At 0 to 20 cm, SOC increased at 0.87 Mg C ha–1 yr–1 with PM and POC increased at 0.18 and 0.54 Mg C ha–1 yr–1 with SM and PM, respectively, from 2011 to 2015. Maize grain yield and aboveground biomass were 5 to 33% greater with PM and SM than CK. The PCM and MBC at all depths were negatively correlated with maize grain yield, but SOC and POC at 10 to 20 cm were positively correlated with estimated maize root residue returned to the soil. Plastic film mulching increased maize yield, but reduced soil C fractions compared with straw mulching. Because of favorable effect on soil C fractions and maize yield, straw mulching can enhance soil C sequestration by increasing labile and intermediate C fractions and sustain maize yield compared with no mulching under dryland cropping systems.
The Growing Role of Electron Microscopy in Anti-parasitic Drug Discovery
Authors: Johnson R.M. , Rawson S. , McPhillie M.J. , Fishwick C.W.G. , Muench S.P. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Parasite diseases are a huge burden on human health causing significant
morbidity and mortality. However, parasite structure based drug discovery programmes
have been hindered by a lack of high resolution structural information from parasite
derived proteins and have often relied upon homology models from mammalian systems.
The recent renaissance in electron microscopy (EM) has caused a dramatic rise in the
number of structures being determined at high resolution and subsequently enabled it to be
thought of as a tool in drug discovery.

Results:
In this review, we discuss the challenges associated with the structural determination
of parasite proteins including the difficulties in obtaining sufficient quantities of protein.
We then discuss the reasons behind the resurgence in EM, how it may overcome some of
these challenges and provide examples of EM derived parasite protein structures. Finally,
we discuss the challenges which EM needs to overcome before it is used as a mainstream
technique in anti-parasite drug discovery.

Conclusions:
This review reports the progress that has been made in obtaining sufficient
quantities of proteins for structural studies and the role EM may play in future structure
based drug design programs. The outlook for future structure based drug design programs
against some of the most devastating parasite diseases looks promising.
Multicomponent Reactions in the Synthesis of Complex Fused Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: da Silveira Pinto Ligia S. , Couri Mara R.C. , de Souza Marcus V.N. 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Coumarin is an important class of natural products with applications in different areas
of knowledge. Due to its importance, several methodologies and strategies have been developed for the synthesis
of different classes of compounds containing this nucleus.

Objective:
The aim of this review is to cover in the last five years the complex fused coumarin derivatives synthesized
in one-pot three-component reactions.

Conclusion:
Considering that multicomponent reactions are a powerful tool to produce simple and complex
compounds in one or few steps with high selectivity and yields while following the green chemistry principles.
Double Line Clustering based Colour Image Segmentation Technique for Plant Disease Detection
Authors: Subramani Kalaivani , Periyasamy Shantharajah , Theagarajan Padma 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Agriculture is one of the most essential industry that fullfills people’s
need and also plays an important role in economic evolution of the nation. However, there is a gap
between the agriculture sector and the technological industry and the agriculture plants are mostly
affected by diseases, such as the bacterial, fungus and viral diseases that lead to loss in crop yield.
The affected parts of the plants need to be identified at the beginning stage to eliminate the huge
loss in productivity.

Methods:
In the present scenario, crop cultivation system depend on the farmers experience and
the man power, but it consumes more time and increases error rate. To overcome this issue, the
proposed system introduces the Double Line Clustering technique based disease identification system
using the image processing and data mining methods. The introduced method analyze the Anthracnose,
blight disease in grapes, tomato and cucumber. The leaf images are captured and the noise
has been removed by non-local median filter and the segmentation is done by double line clustering
method. The segmented part compared with diseased leaf using pattern matching algorithm.

Methods:
In the present scenario, crop cultivation system depend on the farmers experience and
the man power, but it consumes more time and increases error rate. To overcome this issue, the
proposed system introduces the Double Line Clustering technique based disease identification system
using the image processing and data mining methods. The introduced method analyze the Anthracnose,
blight disease in grapes, tomato and cucumber. The leaf images are captured and the noise
has been removed by non-local median filter and the segmentation is done by double line clustering
method. The segmented part compared with diseased leaf using pattern matching algorithm.

Conclusion:
The result of the clustering algorithm achieved high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
The feature extraction is applied after the clustering process which produces minimum error rate.
Ionospheric Response to the Space Weather Events of 4-10 September 2017: First Chilean Observations
Authors: Bravo Manuel , Villalobos Carlos , Leiva Rodrigo , Tamblay Luis , Vega-Jorquera Pedro , Ovalle Elías , Foppiano Alberto 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
The diurnal variations of several ionospheric characteristics during the Space Weather Events of 4-10 September 2017, for Chilean latitudes, will be reported.

Materials and Methods:
Observations were made using a recently installed ionosonde at the Universidad de La Serena field station (29°52'S; 71°15’W). Also, reported is the total electron content determined using the upgraded Chilean network of dual-frequency Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers.

Results:
Sudden ionospheric disturbances are described in terms of the minimum reflection frequency determined from ionosonde records. An attempt to derive the extent of the effect on high frequency propagation paths in the region is made using simultaneous ionosonde observations at other locations.
The geomagnetic storm ionospheric effects are discussed in detail using the observed diurnal variation of maximum electron concentration (NmF2), virtual height of the F-region (h’F/F2) and Total Electron Content (TEC). These are complemented with the time-latitude variation of TEC for the 70°W meridian.

Conclusion:
It is found that large increases of NmF2, h’F/F2 and TEC observed during 8 September 2017 storm are well described in terms of the evolution of the Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly (EIA) over the same time interval. Known physical mechanisms are suggested to explain most of the observations.
Using Low Temperature, Cost-effective and Green Methods to Carbon Nanohorn Synthesis
Authors: Hasani Ali 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Laser ablation method has high-yield and pure SWCNHs. On the other hand,
arc discharge methods have low-cost production of SWCNHs. However, these techniques have more
desirable features, they need special expertness to use high power laser or high current discharge that
either of them produces very high temperature. As for the researches, the temperatures of these techniques
are higher than 4727°C to vaporize the graphite. So, to become aware of the advantages of
SWCNHs, it is necessary to find a new way to synthesize SWCNHs at a lower temperature. In other
words, reaction field can be expandable at a moderate temperature. This paper reports a new way to
synthesize SWCNHs at an extremely reduced temperature.

Methods:
According to this study, the role of N2 is the protection of the copper holder supporting the
graphite rod by increasing heat transfer from the holder. After the current of 70 A was supplied to the
system, the temperature of graphite rod was raised to 1600°C. It is obvious that this temperature is
somehow higher than the melting point of palladium, 1555°C, and much lower than graphite melting
point, 3497°C.

Results:
Based on the results, there are transitional precursors simultaneous with the SWCNHs. This
composition can be created by distortion of the primary SWCNTs at the higher temperature. Subsequently,
each SWCNTs have a tendency to be broken into individual horns. With increasing the concentration
of the free horns, bud-like SWCNHs can be produced. Moreover, there are individual horns almost
separated from the mass of single wall carbon nanohorns. This structure is not common in
SWCNHs synthesized by the usual method such as arc discharge or laser ablation. Through these regular
techniques, SWCNHs are synthesized as cumulative particles with diameters about 30-150 nm.

Conclusion:
A simple heating is needed for SWCNTs transformation to SWCNHs with the presence of
palladium as catalyst. The well-thought-out mechanism for this transformation is that SWCNTs were
initially changed to highly curled shape, and after that were formed into small independent horns. The
other rout to synthesize SWCNHs is the pyrolysis of palm olein at 950°C with the assistance of zinc nitrate
and ferrocene. Palm olein was used as a promising, bio-renewable and inexpensive carbon source
for the production of carbon nanohorns.
Potensi Lactobacillus plantarum yang Diisolasi dari Dadih dalam Meningkatkan Kadar Folat Susu Fermentasi
Authors: Purwandhani Siti Nur , Utami Tyas , Millati Ria , Rahayu Endang Sutriswati 
Published: March 2018

Folate is a B vitamin that participates in one-carbon transfer reactions of metabolism process, particularly purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis (DNA and RNA). Some strains of lactic acid bacteria are known to produce folic acid through the conversion of guanosine tri phosphate and the presence of precursor p-amino benzoic acid and glutamic acid. In this study, skim milk was fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13, G-3, and H-1 to increase the levels of folate. Fermentation was conducted at 37 °C for 18 hours. The aims of this study were to investigate the population of L. plantarum during fermentation period, the change in pH and the levels of folate in fermented milk. The results showed that during the fermentation period using L. plantarum G-3, H-1, and Dad-13 cell count increased from 107 to 108 for G-3 and H-1, while Dad-13 into 109. The pH value decreased and the levels of folic acid in early fermentation increased rapidly but after approaching the end of fermentation, it began to stagnate. The folate level of skim milk was 23.70 ± 3.25 µg/L. Increased levels of folate in fermented milk after 18 hours fermentation using L. plantarum Dad-13, G-3, and H-1 were 32.04 ± 1.85 µg/L (135.19%), 28.21 ± 0.28 µg/L (118.99%), and 25.13 ± 1.27 µg/L (106.03%), respectively.ABSTRAKFolat merupakan vitamin B yang berpartisipasi dalam reaksi transfer satu-karbon dalam proses metabolisme, terutama biosintesis purin dan pirimidin (DNA dan RNA). Beberapa strain bakteri asam laktat diketahui mampu memproduksi asam folat melalui konversi guanosin tri pospat dan dengan adanya prekursor p-amino benzoat serta asam glutamat. Pada penelitian ini, susu skim difermentasi menggunakan Lactobacillus plantarum Dad-13, G-3, dan H-1 untuk meningkatkan kadar asam folatnya. Fermentasi dilakukan pada 37 °C selama 18 jam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan sel, perubahan pH, dan kadar asam folat susu selama fermentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa selama fermentasi menggunakan L. plantarum Dad-13, G-3, dan H-1 jumlah sel meningkat dari 107 menjadi 108 untuk G-3 dan H-1, sedangkan Dad-13 menjadi 109. Nilai pH mengalami penurunan dan kadar asam folat pada awal fermentasi meningkat dengan cepat tapi setelah mendekati akhir fermentasi mulai stagnan. Kadar asam folat susu skim adalah 23,70 ± 3,25 µg/L. Dibandingkan dengan kadar asam folat susu skim, peningkatan kadar folat susu fermentasi setelah 18 jam fermentasi dengan starter L. plantarum Dad-13, G-3, dan H-1 secara berturut-turut 32,04 ± 1,85 µg/L (135,19%), 28,21 ± 0,28 µg/L (118,99%), dan 25,13 ± 1,27 µg/L (106,03%).