bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression analysis and functional identification of several genes related to diapause in Bombyx mori
Authors: Jiang Tao , Chen Yanhua , Tan Zhichen , Li Jiashuang , Qian Ping , Tang Shunming , Shen Xingjia 
Published: January 2019

Diapause is an important characteristic of insects used to adapt to extreme changes in environmental conditions. Embryonic diapause of the bivoltine silkworm (Bombyx mori) is determined by environmental conditions experienced by the mother while in the embryo stage. If they are incubated at 25°C with natural light, their progenies will be diapause‐destined. If they are incubated at 17°C in darkness, their progenies will be non‐diapause‐destined. The molecular mechanism of diapause remains unknown. In the present study, we analyzed two downregulated genes (BGIBMGA003835, BGIBMGA012335) and two upregulated genes (BGIBMG012996, BGIBMG002426) related to carbohydrate metabolism, verified differentially expressed in ovaries and heads of 1‐day‐old fifth‐instar larvae to 6‐day pupae by quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). In line with published data, the expression level of these genes in larvae were generally lower than in pupae. We further analyzed the expression levels of the four genes in BmN cells that had been treated with various concentrations of diapause hormone (DH). It demonstrated that the expression of these genes was affected by DH. Knockdown of the selected genes in non‐diapause‐destined female pupae changed the fate of the progeny from non‐diapause‐ to daipause‐destined, as seen by the appearance of diapause eggs. Our study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of diapause in B. mori.
Effects of anthropogenic nitrogen discharge on dissolved inorganic nitrogen transport in global rivers
Authors: Liu Shuang , Xie Zhenghui , Zeng Yujin , Liu Bin , Li Ruichao , Wang Yan , Wang Longhuan , Qin Peihua , Jia Binghao , Xie Jinbo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractExcess nutrients from fertilizer application, pollution discharge, and water regulations outflow through rivers from lands to oceans, seriously impacting coastal ecosystems. A reasonable representation of these processes in land surface models and River Transport Models (RTMs) is very important for understanding human–environment interactions. In this study, the schemes of riverine dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) transport and human activities including nitrogen discharge and water regulation, were synchronously incorporated into a land surface model coupled with a RTM. The effects of anthropogenic nitrogen discharge on the DIN transport in rivers were studied based on simulations of the period 1991–2010 throughout the entire world, conducted using the developed model, which had a spatial resolution of about 1° for land processes and 0.5° for river transport, and data on fertilizer application, point source pollution, and water use. Our results showed that rivers in western Europe and eastern China were seriously polluted, on average, at a rate of 5,000–15,000 tons per year. In the Yangtze River Basin, the amount of point source pollution in 2010 was about four times more than that in 1991, while the amount of fertilizer used in 2010 doubled, which resulted in the increased riverine DIN levels. Further comparisons suggested that the riverine DIN in the USA was affected primarily by nitrogen fertilizer use, the changes in DIN flow rate in European rivers was dominated by point source pollution, and rivers in China were seriously polluted by both the two pollution sources. The total anthropogenic impact on the DIN exported to the Pacific Ocean has increased from 10% to 30%, more significantly than other oceans. In general, our results indicated that incorporating the schemes of nitrogen transport and human activities into land surface models could be an effective way to monitor global river water quality and diagnose the performance of the land surface modeling.
Influence of static and dynamic cyclic fatigue tests on the lifespan of four reciprocating systems at different temperatures
Authors: Keleş A. , Eymirli A. , Uyanık O. , Nagas E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of four reciprocating single‐file systems within artificial stainless‐steel canals at two temperatures using different kinematics.MethodologyA total of 240 instruments, Reciproc Blue, Reciproc, WaveOne Gold and WaveOne, (60 of each), were tested at room and intracanal temperature using both a static and a dynamic model (n = 15) in a stainless‐steel artificial canal with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 60° angle of curvature and 5 mm radius of curvature until fracture occurred. The time to fracture was measured in seconds using a digital chronometer, and data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests.ResultsWaveOne instruments had significantly less fatigue resistance compared to that of other systems in all conditions (P < 0.05). Comparison of the results from the static and dynamic models at both temperatures revealed that fatigue resistance was significantly increased in the dynamic model for all the instrument systems (P < 0.05). Temperature did not influence the cyclic fatigue resistance results (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the mean length of the fractured fragments of the various instruments tested (P > 0.05).ConclusionWaveOne files had a shorter cyclic fatigue life. The dynamic axial movement extended the cyclic fatigue life, but it did not have any influence on the comparison among the instruments tested in respect of the static test. Temperature did not significantly affect the cyclic fatigue of these nickel–titanium files.
NONNEUTRALITY OF MONEY IN DISPERSION: HUME REVISITED
Authors: Jin Gu , Zhu Tao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor a class of standard and widely used preferences, a one‐shot money injection in a standard matching model can induce a significant and persistent output response by dispersing the distribution of wealth. Decentralized trade matters for both persistence and significance. Following the injection, the price response may be sluggish, the markup may move up with output, and both the interest rate and the inflation rate may drop below their trend levels.
LEARNING IN A HEDONIC FRAMEWORK: VALUING BROWNFIELD REMEDIATION
Authors: Ma Lala 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIncomplete information in property value hedonic models can bias estimates of marginal willingness to pay (MWTP). Using brownfield remediation as an application, this article recovers hedonic values from a dynamic neighborhood choice framework that allows households to learn about brownfield contamination in a Bayesian fashion before choosing where to live. I find that ignoring learning yields nontrivial biases to the MWTP estimate. This has important implications for hedonic valuation if agents are imperfectly informed. Estimates are used to calculate information's value had it been withheld from the public and to assess heterogeneity in information's value along site and homebuyer demographics.
Moving Towards Happiness?
Authors: Grimes Arthur , Wesselbaum Dennis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe add to the literature on the driving forces of international migration. While the existing literature establishes that income differences, migration costs and certain other factors (e.g. climate or human rights) affect the migration decision, we focus on the broader role of non‐pecuniary factors. We include well‐being measures in a standard model of bilateral migration flows and enrich the analysis further by testing the effects on migration of inequality in happiness within a country. Our findings that both the mean and standard deviation of happiness – in both origin and destination countries – help explain bilateral migration flows over and above any income effect, indicates the need to incorporate both pecuniary and non‐pecuniary factors when modelling migration choices.
Demystifying behaviour and dental anxiety in schoolchildren during endodontic treatment for primary teeth—controlled clinical trial
Authors: Pezzini Soares Josiane , Cardoso Mariane , Bolan Michele 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundBehaviour and anxiety of children are predictors of effective dental treatment.AimCompare the behaviour and anxiety during preventive care, endodontic treatment, and dental extraction.DesignControlled clinical trial was conducted with 99 children aged 6‐9 years. The children were distributed among three groups: G1 (control)—prophylaxis and topical fluoride; G2 (intervention)—endodontic treatment; and G3 (intervention)—tooth extraction. Behaviour was measured using the Frankl scale. Dental anxiety was assessed using the modified Venham Picture Test and measured at three moments: before, during, and after the procedure. Caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing the child's previous dental experience. Clinical examinations were performed by a calibrated examiner (Kappa > 0.70) for the identification of dental caries (d‐dmft/D‐DMFT). Statistical analysis involved repeated‐measures Poisson regression, with level of significance was P < 0.05.ResultsNeither negative behaviour nor anxiety was associated with the type of procedure. Negative behaviour was associated with the need for restraint during a previous dental appointment (P = 0.012). Dental anxiety was associated with age (P = 0.037), previous difficult behaviour (P < 0.001), moment of measurement (P < 0.001), and dental caries on permanent teeth (P = 0.001).ConclusionsNegative behaviour and dental anxiety in children were not associated with the type of treatment performed.
Management of compromised first permanent molars in children: Cross‐Sectional analysis of attitudes of UK general dental practitioners and specialists in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Taylor Greig D. , Pearce Kim F. , Vernazza Christopher R. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundIt is unclear on how children with compromised first permanent molars (cFPMs) are currently managed in the UK by either general dental practitioners (GDP) or specialists in paediatric dentistry (SPD).AimExplore the current attitudes to the management of compromised first permanent molars amongst UK general dental practitioners and specialists in paediatric dentistry.DesignSelf‐completed online questionnaire including three clinical vignettes of 7, 9, and 15 years old with cFPM. All registered SPDs (n = 236), as of May 2017, 500 randomly selected GDPs from England, selected from a national performers list, and 52 Scottish GDPs, part of Scottish dental practice research network, were invited to complete the questionnaire.ResultsAbout 71.6% (n = 53) of SPDs agreed that children with cFPM should be referred to a paediatric specialist for treatment planning, whereas the reverse for GDPs is true, as 86.8% (n = 138) believe they have a responsibility to treat these teeth. Responses to clinical vignettes suggest a slight preference amongst GDPs to restore cFPM, including root canal treatment, whereas SPDs have a slight preference towards extraction.ConclusionCurrent pathways for cFPM, amongst UK general dental practitioners and specialists in paediatric dentistry, vary greatly between and within each professional group.
How do people with intellectual disabilities construct their social identity? A review
Authors: Logeswaran Sophini , Hollett Megan , Zala Sonia , Richardson Lisa , Scior Katrina 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundA 2005 review by Beart, Hardy and Buchan, asking how people with intellectual disabilities view their social identities, has been widely cited, indicating this important topic needs an updated review. This review covers research on how people with intellectual disabilities view their ascribed label; to what extent they ascribe it to themselves; and whether they recognize it as devalued in society.MethodRapid review methodology using PsycINFO, citation‐ and hand‐searching identified relevant studies.ResultsThe 16 studies identified indicate that the majority are aware of their ascribed label, or acknowledge they are “different”. Others reject it, focusing on alternative attributes or roles. Most recognize others view the label negatively and express feelings of shame, anger and powerlessness.ConclusionsThe review advances our understanding of social identity formation in people with intellectual disabilities, with implications for future research and practice to support construction of positive social identities and stigma resistance.
Students' engagement characteristics predict success and completion of online courses
Authors: Soffer Tal , Cohen Anat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study examined students' engagement characteristics in online courses and their impact on academic achievements, trying to distinguish between course completers and noncompleters. Moreover, this research is intended to differentiate between those who pass the final exam and those who do not. Four online courses were examined with a similar pedagogical model (Nstudents = 646) using learning analytics methods. The results revealed significant differences between students who completed the courses and students who did not, in all 13 variables. Completers' learning activities were more than twice as high, except for writing in the forums. Course subject and ongoing task and assignment submissions predicted course completion, whereas, in addition to these variables, engagement with course materials and reading the forums predicted final exam success, as well. Thus, the prediction of success in final exam emphasized the significant importance of engagement in various activities in the online course.
LncRNA‐mRNA competing endogenous RNA network depicts transcriptional regulation in ischaemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Liu Hongying , Xu Danping , Zhong Xin , Xu Dongsheng , Chen Geng , Ge Junbo , Li Hua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate time‐course transcriptomes in myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) via RNA‐Seq. Transcriptomes of 10 samples derived from patients with acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (ASTEMI) who were assigned to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), were sequenced at the time of 0 (before PCI), 2, 12, 24 and 72 hours after PCI, respectively. Using the genefilter package in r, wgcna and stem, different expression lncRNA (DEL) and mRNA (DEM) were analysed. Out of 756 mRNAs and 206 lncRNAs shared by enrolled patients, 135 RNAs were screened to be significantly associated with the IRI. Furthermore, combined with lncRNA‐mRNA, lncRNA‐miRNA and miRNA‐mRNA network, 51 RNAs and 131 relationship pairs were ascertained in the competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network. Among these nodes, SH2D3C and GTF2H4 were significantly enriched in cellular response to stress and their interaction module were isolated from functional ceRNA network. Subsequently, their critical role was confirmed via down‐regulation of SH2D3C and GTF2H4 expression in vitro model. These results identified that lncRNA‐mRNA ceRNA network, associated significantly with IRI, functioned as critical regulative pivotal roles after PCI‐AMI, and SH2D3C and GTF2H4 may be the most responsive transcriptional regulator in the early‐phase of IRI.
Relationship of periodontal disease and domains of oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Masood Mohd , Younis Luay Thanoon , Masood Yaghma , Bakri Noor Nazahiah , Christian Bradley 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of periodontal disease on the domains of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of United Kingdom adults.MethodsNational representative data from the 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey, United Kingdom, were used in this study. Periodontal disease severity was measured using periodontal pocket depth and categorized into three groups: pocket depth up to 3.5, 3.5–5.5 and more than 5.5 mm. OHRQoL was measured using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) scores. Bivariate and multivariable Zero‐inflated Poisson regression analysis was used.ResultsA total of 6378 participants was analysed in this study. Periodontal pocketing was significantly associated with higher OHIP‐14 scores. Participants with periodontal pocket depths >3.5 mm had a significantly higher prevalence for functional limitation, physical pain and social disability than participants with pocket depths of less than 3.5 mm. Participants with periodontal pocket depth(s) >5.5 mm had significantly higher OFOVO prevalence in all the domains of OHIP‐14 except handicap domain than participants with pocket depth(s) <3.5 mm. Participants.ConclusionThis study showed that for a nationally representative sample of the United Kingdom population, periodontal disease was significantly associated with the domains of OHRQoL.
Optimal Monetary Policy with Countercyclical Credit Spreads
Authors: AIRAUDO MARCO , OLIVERO MARÍA PÍA 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe study optimal monetary policy in a New‐Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) model with a credit channel and relationship lending in banking. We show that borrowers' bank‐specific (deep) habits give rise to countercyclical credit spreads, which, in turn, make optimal monetary policy depart substantially from price stability, under both discretion and commitment. Our analysis shows that the welfare costs of setting monetary policy under discretion (with respect to the optimal Ramsey plan) and of using simpler suboptimal policy rules are strictly increasing in the magnitude of deep habits in credit markets and market power in banking.
Identification and genetic diversity analysis of strain Pseudomonas syringae S5: A pathogen responsible for bacteriosis in Avena sativa plants
Authors: Primo Emiliano David , Santoro Maricel Valeria , Giordano Walter Fabián , Lisa Ángela Teresita 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe genus Pseudomonas includes pathogenic species P. syringae, which can be found in various agricultural environments and which can affect a wide variety of plants, causing significant economic losses when the environmental conditions for its proliferation are optimal. Comprehensive characterizations of phytopathogenic bacteria belonging to the genus Pseudomonas are scarce in Argentina. In this work, the tabtoxin‐producing strain Pseudomonas S5, isolated from oat, was identiﬁed as a P. syringae through biochemical tests such as the LOPAT test, and genetic tests such as the analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (16S rRNA) sequence and repetitive elements, using BOX and ERIC primers. It was also determined that this phytopathogen is potentially capable of infecting other crops of agricultural importance for our region, such as soybean. This ability to infect different hosts gives it an adaptive advantage that allows it to endure seasonal changes in the environment where it lives. Our work contributes to the physiological classification of the phytopathogen P. syringae S5 isolated from our region, as well as to the knowledge about its range of potential hosts.
Enjoyment of Work and Driven to Work as Motivations of Job Crafting: Evidence from Japan and China
Authors: Laurence Gregory A. , Fried Yitzhak , Yan Wan , Li Jie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis research contributes to our understanding of job crafting by investigating the role of “enjoyment of work” and “driven to work” as job‐crafting motivations. A total of 154 supervisor–employee dyads were surveyed. Enjoyment of work and driven to work were supported as motivators of job crafting. An interaction effect was observed, with low driven to work weakening the relationship between enjoyment of work and job crafting. Job crafting mediated the relationship between the two motivators and job performance. We add to researchers’ understanding of motivations for job crafting while making the first attempt to explore the job‐crafting phenomenon in East Asia.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability after intramuscular injection of the 5‐HT1A serotonin agonist R‐8‐hydroxy‐2‐(di‐n‐propylamino) tetralin (8‐OH‐DPAT) in domestic goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)
Authors: Pfitzer Silke , Woodward Andrew P. , Laubscher Liesel , Warren Kristin , Vaughan‐Higgins Rebecca , Raath Jacobus P. , Laurence Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo determine the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of the serotonin 5‐HT1A receptor agonist R‐8‐OH‐DPAT in goats, and 0.1 mg kg−1 R‐8‐OH‐DPAT hydrobromide was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) and intravenously (i.v.) to six goats in a two‐phase cross‐over design experiment. Venous blood samples were collected from the jugular vein 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 60 min following treatment and analysed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by a one‐compartment analysis. Mean bioavailability of R‐8‐OH‐DPAT when injected i.m. was 66%. The mean volume of distribution in the central compartment was 1.47 L kg−1. The mean plasma body clearance was 0.056 L kg−1 min−1. All goats injected i.v. and two of six goats injected i.m. showed signs of serotonin toxicity. In conclusion, R‐8‐OH‐DPAT is well absorbed following i.m. injection and the observed pharmacokinetics suggest that administration via dart is feasible. Administration of R‐8‐OH‐DPAT hydrobromide, at a dosage of 0.1 mg kg−1, resulted in the observation of clinical signs of serotonin toxicity in the goats. It is suggested that dosages for the clinical use of the compound should be lower in order to achieve the desired clinical effect without causing serotonin toxicity.
Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in fetal sheep and pregnant ewes
Authors: MacKay Evelyn E. , Washburn Kevin E. , Padgett Ashley L. , Fajt Virginia R. , Lo Chih‐Ping , Mays Travis P. , Washburn Shannon E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMacrolides are important antimicrobials frequently used in human and veterinary medicine in the treatment of pregnant women and pregnant livestock. They may be useful for the control of infectious ovine abortion, which has economic, animal health, and human health impacts. In this study, catheters were surgically placed in the fetal vasculature and amnion of pregnant ewes at 115 (±2) days of gestation. Ewes were given a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg tulathromycin subcutaneously, and drug concentrations were determined in fetal plasma, maternal plasma, and amniotic fluid at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 144, and 288 hr after drug administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters in maternal plasma were estimated using noncompartmental analysis and were similar to those previously reported in nonpregnant ewes. Tulathromycin was present in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid, indicating therapeutic potential for use against organisms in these compartments, though concentrations were lower than those in maternal plasma. Time‐course of drug concentrations in the fetus was quite different than that in the ewe, with plasma concentrations reaching a plateau at 4 hr and remaining at this concentration for the remainder of the sampling period (288 hr), raising questions about how tulathromycin may be transported into or metabolized and eliminated by the fetus.