bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Reverberation-measured Quasars Be Used for Cosmology?
Authors: Martínez-Aldama Mary Loli , Czerny Bożena , Kawka Damian , Karas Vladimir , Panda Swayamtrupta , Zajaček Michal , Życki Piotr T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Quasars have been proposed as a new class of standard candles analogous to supernovae, since their large redshift range and high luminosities make them excellent candidates. The reverberation mapping (RM) method enables one to estimate the distance to the source from the time delay measurement of the emission lines with respect to the continuum, since the time delay depends on the absolute luminosity of the source. The radius–luminosity relation exhibits a low scatter and offers a potential use in cosmology. However, in recent years, the inclusion of new sources, particularly the super-Eddington accreting QSO, has increased the dispersion in the radius–luminosity relation, with many objects showing time delays shorter than the expected. Using 117 H
β reverberation-mapped active galactic nuclei with 0.002 < z < 0.9 and 41.5 < log L
5100 < 45.9, we find a correction for the time delay based on the dimensionless accretion rate (

) considering a virial factor anticorrelated with the FWHM of H
β. This correction decreases the scattering of the accretion parameters compared with the typical values used, which is directly reflected by suppressing the radius–luminosity relation dispersion. We also confirm the anticorrelation between the excess of variability and the accretion parameters. With this correction, we are able to build the Hubble diagram and estimate the cosmological constants Ω
m
and ΩΛ, which are consistent with the Λ Cold Dark Matter model at 2σ confidence level. Therefore, reverberation mapping results can be used to constrain cosmological models in the future.
The Solar Wind Electron Halo as Produced by Electron Beams Originating in the Lower Corona: Beam Density Dependence
Authors: Che H. , Goldstein M. L. , Salem C. S. , Viñas A. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It has been suggested that the isotropic electron halo observed in the solar wind electron velocity distribution function may originate from nanoflare-accelerated electron beams below 1.1 R
⊙ from the solar surface through the nonlinear electron two-stream instability (ETSI). This model unifies the origins of kinetic waves, the electron halo, and the coronal weak Type III bursts, and establishes a link between the solar wind observables and the electron dynamics in nanoflares. One of the important predictions of this model is that the halo-core temperature ratio is anticorrelated with the density ratio, and the minimum ratio is ∼4, a relic of the ETSI heating and has been found to be consistent with solar wind observations. However, how the density and relative drift of the electron beams determine the thermal properties of solar wind electrons is unclear. In this paper, using a set of particle-in-cell simulations and kinetic theory, we show that a necessary condition for an isotropic halo to develop is that the ratio of beam density n

b
and the background n
0 be lower than a critical value N

c
∼ 0.3. Heating of the core electrons becomes weaker with decreasing beam density, while the heating of halo electrons becomes stronger. As a result, the temperature ratio of the halo and core electrons increases with the decrease of the beam density, explaining the physical meaning of the predicted anticorrelated relation. We apply these results to the current observations and discuss the possible electron beam density produced in the nanoflares.
Multiple Stellar Populations of Globular Clusters from Homogeneous Ca–CN–CH Photometry. V.
as a Surrogate cnJWL Index and NGC 6723∗

†
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We introduce new color indices

(=Ca
CTIO − Ca
JWL) and ch
JWL [=(JWL43 − b) − (b − y)], accurate photometric measures of the CN band at λ3883 and the CH G band, respectively, in the study of the multiple populations (MPs) in globular clusters (GCs). Our photometric CN–CH relation for a large number of red-giant branch (RGB) in M5 shows that the evolutions of the CN and CH between the CN-w and CN-s populations are not continuous. Armed with our new color indices, we investigate the MPs of NGC 6723, finding the RGB populational number ratio of n(CN-w):n(CN-s) ≈ 35.5:64.5 (±2.8) with no radial gradient. Similar to other normal GCs with MPs, the helium abundance of the CN-s population inferred from the RGB bump magnitude is slightly enhanced by ΔY = 0.012 ± 0.012. Our cn
JWL and

color–magnitude diagrams clearly show the discrete double asymptotic giant branch (AGB) populations in NGC 6723, whose bright AGB populational number ratio is in marginal agreement with that of the RGB stars within the statistical errors. Finally, our synthetic cn
JWL index is in good agreement with observations, except for the CN-w AGB. Mitigation of the discrepancy in the CN-w AGB may require a mild nitrogen enhancement and/or a large decrement in the 12C/13C ratio with respect to the bright RGB.
ALMA Monitoring of Millimeter Line Variation in IRC +10216. I. Overview of Millimeter Variability
Authors: He J. H. , Kamiński T. , Mennickent R. E. , Shenavrin V. I. , Mardones Diego , Wang Wei , Tang Baitian , Schmidt M. R. , Szczerba R. , Ge Jixing. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Temporal variation of millimeter lines is a new direction of research for evolved stars. It has the potential to probe the dynamical wind-launching processes from a time dimension. We report here the first Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) results that cover 817 days of ongoing monitoring of 1.1 mm lines in the archetypal carbon star IRC +10216. The monitoring is done with the compact 7 m array and in infrared with a 1.25 m telescope in Crimea. High sensitivity of the cumulative spectra covering a total of ∼7.2 GHz between 250 and 270 GHz has allowed us to detect about 148 known transitions of 20 molecules, together with more of their isotopologues, and 81 unidentified lines. An overview of the variabilities of all detected line features is presented in spectral plots. Although a handful of lines are found to be very possibly stable in time, most other lines are varying either roughly in phase or in anticorrelation with the near-infrared light. Several lines have their variations in the ALMA data coincident with existing single-dish monitoring results, while several others do not, which requires a yet-unknown mechanism in the circumstellar envelope to explain.
Properties of Radial Velocities Measurement Based on LAMOST-II Medium-resolution Spectroscopic Observations
Authors: Wang R. , Luo A.-L. , Chen J.-J. , Bai Z.-R. , Chen L. , Chen X.-F. , Dong S.-B. , Du B. , Fu J.-N. , Han Z.-W. , Hou J.-L. , Hou Y.-H. , Hou W. , Jiang D.-K. , Kong X. , Li L.-F. , Liu C. , Liu J.-M. , Qin L. , Shi J.-R. , Tian H. , Wu H. , Wu C.-J. , Xie J.-W. , Zhang H.-T. , Zhang S. , Zhao G. , Zhao Y.-H. , Zhong J. , Zong W.-K. , Zuo F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The radial velocity (RV) is a basic physical quantity that can be determined through the Doppler shift of the spectrum of a star. The precision of the RV measurement depends on the resolution of the spectrum we used and the accuracy of wavelength calibration. In this work, radial velocities of the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope-II (LAMOST-II) medium-resolution (R ∼ 7500) spectra are measured for 1,594,956 spectra (each spectrum has two wavebands) through matching with templates. A set of RV standard stars are used to recalibrate the zero point of the measurement, and some reference sets with RVs derived from medium-/high-resolution observations are used to evaluate the accuracy of the measurement. By comparing with reference sets, the accuracy of our measurement can get 0.0277 km s−1 with respect to radial velocities of standard stars. The intrinsic precision is estimated with the multiple observations of single stars, which can be achieved to 1.36 km s−1, 1.08 km s−1, and 0.91 km s−1 for the spectra at signal-to-noise levels of 10, 20, and 50, respectively.
Qualidade do sono de cuidadores primários de crianças com microcefalia em uma unidade de saúde pública de Alagoas, Brasil
Authors: Lira Nycolas Emmanuel Tavares de , Silva Meire Helen Pereira Lyra da , Santos Ruana Camilla de Carvalho , Oliveira Wanderson Felipe Venceslau , Silva Victor Emmanuel Lopes da , Silva José Cláudio da 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sleep quality of primary caregivers of children with microcephaly that receive treatment in a public health facility.METHODS: This is a transversal, descriptive and quali-quantitative study. Ten informal primary caregivers of children with microcephaly from a public health facility in Alagoas were interviewed one-on-one for 20 minutes using the mini-sleep questionnaire (MSQ). MSQ scores were statistically analyzed to describe sleep disturbances (mean, median and standard deviation), and the relationship between the level of microcephaly and sleep quality was tested by Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test.RESULTS: Results found herein shows the predominance of women as caregivers of children with microcephaly. Overall, the studied population showed a high prevalence of alteration in sleep quality, with 70% of sampled caregivers showing severe sleep disturbances (scores greater than 30). No relationship between the level of microcephaly and sleep disturbances were found (p>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of sleep disturbances among primary caregivers of children with microcephaly in the studied facility. This pattern is of great concern as such disorders may negatively affect not only the caregivers’ life quality, but also the quality of provided care.
What are the responsible risk factors for delay in diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children? Eleven-year research from a single institution
Authors: Kambouri Katerina , Aggelidou Maria , Deftereos Savvas , Tsalkidis Aggelos , Vaos George , Pitiakoudis Michail 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 602 children operated on for acute appendicitis (AA) in our department between 1/2007 and 12/2017.
Aim: The aim of this study was to identify factors that are related to a delay in diagnosing AA in children. Furthermore, we’d like to strengthen our previous preliminary results by a) adding gender as a new factor and b) studying a much larger population.
Materials and methods: The time that elapsed from the onset of symptoms to the surgical intervention was associated with gender, age, obesity, use of antibiotics prior to diagnosis, and the initial examination by a paediatric surgeon or another physician. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression method (backward method) was applied.
Results: The diagnosis of AA was delayed by at least 48 hours in 287 patients (group A, 47.7%) and was made within 48 hours in 315 patients (group B, 52.3%). In multivariate model we noticed that boys who were examined by a paediatric surgeon and didn’t take antibiotics had decreased odds of having length of diagnostic period >48 hours, girls who received antibiotics compared to girls who do not use antibiotics are almost 12 times more likely to have length of diagnostic period >48 hours, the very young age has а main effect оn the diagnostic delay and girls who have been examined by other physician compared to females who have been examined by paediatric surgeon have decreased odds of having length of diagnostic period >48 hours.
Conclusions: Therefore, physicians examining children with abdominal pain must keep in mind the multiple causes of diagnostic delay that may exist alone or in combination, and which can lead to serious complications and lengthen the hospital stay. Performing repeated examinations and asking for advice from a specialist specifically for children who are a special category of patients, in areas where it is rather impossible to use imaging techniques, could be the key to correctly diagnosing and treating AA.
Discovery of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Gariepy Tara D. , Talamas Elijah J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report the detection and adventive establishment of the samurai wasp, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a candidate classical biological control agent for the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Nine naturally laid, field-collected pentatomid egg masses were collected in 2017 and 2018, and two of these egg masses, belonging to Halyomorpha halys and Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), produced adults of T. japonicus. The identification of T. japonicus was confirmed using DNA barcoding as well as morphological characteristics. The remaining egg masses yielded adults of the native Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Anastatus reduvii (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae).
Non-invasive prenatal rhesus D genotyping using cell-free foetal DNA
Authors: Rather Riyaz Ahmad , Dhawan Veena , Saha Subhas Chandra 
Published: September 2019

Background & objectives:
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) of rhesus D (RHD) genotype using cell-free foetal DNA is extensively used in many developed countries. Studies on NIPD from India are scarce. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of non-invasive foetal RHD genotyping by targeting exon 10 of the RHD gene using cell-free DNA.

Methods:
DNA was extracted from the maternal plasma of alloimmunized and non-alloimmunized women between 7 and 34 wk of gestation. RHD sequence was determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results were compared with RhD phenotype obtained from cord blood samples of neonates.

Results:
A total of 135 samples from RhD-negative pregnant women were collected. The foetal RHD status was conclusive in all 135 (100%) cases. The highest number of cases reported for RHD genotyping were from Punjab (38.5%) followed by Haryana (24.4%), Himachal Pradesh (17.0%) and Chandigarh Union Territory (13.3%). The non-invasive test correctly predicted the foetal RhD phenotype in 133 of 135 cases, making the accuracy of the test as 98.51 per cent [95% confidence interval (CI): 97.90-99.50%]. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the test were 99.18 per cent (95% CI: 95.52-99.98%) and 92.31 per cent (95% CI: 63.97-99.81%), respectively, with negative and positive predictive values of 99.80 per cent (95% CI: 94.85-99.87%) and 96.31 per cent (95% CI: 62.87-98.84%), respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Non-invasive foetal RHD determination by single-exon quantitative PCR exhibited high accuracy and could be used in routine clinical practice after confirmatory studies are done.
A comparative study on erlotinib & gefitinib therapy in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients
Authors: Thomas Preenumol , Vincent Bini , George Christeena , Joshua Julie Mariam , Pavithran K. , Vijayan Meenu 
Published: September 2019

Background & objectives:
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have been evaluated in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Erlotinib and gefitinib are the first-generation EGFR-TKIs for patients with NSCLC. However, there is a paucity of studies comparing the effectiveness of these two drugs. Hence, this study was aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of erlotinib and gefitinib in NSCLC patients.

Methods:
This study included 71 NSCLC patients who received EGFR-TKIs between 2013 and 2016. Adverse drug reaction of both erlotinib (n=37) and gefitinib (n=34) was determined and graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grading system. Effectiveness was measured using response evaluation criteria in solid tumours and progression-free survival (PFS). Pharmacoeconomic analysis was performed by cost-effective analysis.

Results:
When comparing safety profile, both the drugs had similar adverse events except for dermal side effects such as acneiform eruption (51.4%), rash (54.05%) and mucositis (59.5%) for erlotinib and 20.6, 26.5 and 29.4 per cent for gefitinib, respectively. The PFS of the two drugs was compared to differentiate the effectiveness of erlotinib and gefitinib. There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two drugs. The pharmacoeconomic analysis showed that gefitinib was more cost-effective than erlotinib.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This study showed that erlotinib and gefitinib had similar effectiveness but gefitinib had a better safety profile compared to erlotinib. Therefore, gefitinib could be considered a better option for NSCLC patients compared to erlotinib. However, further studies need to be done with a large sample to confirm these findings.
Surveillance for enterotoxigenic & enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from animal source foods in Northwest Iran
Authors: Abri Ramin , Javadi Afshin , Asghari Roghayeh , Razavilar Vadood , Salehi Taghi Zahraei , Safaeeyan Firouzeh , Rezaee Mohammad Ahangarzadeh 
Published: September 2019

Background & objectives:
Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli strains are common agents of diarrhoea particularly in developing countries. Food products of animal origin are considered as common carriers of E. coli. This study was undertaken to identify enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) pathotypes in animal-source foods (ASF).

Methods:
A total of 222 ASF samples were investigated. Based on the culture and biochemical tests, 109 E. coli isolates were identified. Duplex-polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect ETEC and EPEC. The target genes selected for each category were the lt and st for the ETEC, and eae and bfp for the EPEC isolates.

Results:
The occurrence of E. coli in dairy and meat products was 45 and 52.5 per cent, respectively. Among the E. coli isolates, two ETEC, one typical EPEC and three atypical EPEC were detected in meat samples, whereas only one typical EPEC and one atypical EPEC were detected in dairy samples.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our results showed presence of ETEC and EPEC strains in ASFs. The milk without pasteurization and traditional dairy products produced in unhygienic conditions are most likely the main sources of E. coli pathotypes and other zoonotic pathogens and thus can be considered a potential hazard to the health of the community.
Rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from clinical specimens using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay
Authors: Sinha Pallavi , Banerjee Tuhina , Srivastava G.N. , Anupurba Shampa 
Published: September 2019

Background & objectives:
Rapid detection of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is essential for the efficient control of tuberculosis. Hence, in this study a nested-allele-specific (NAS) PCR, nested multiple allele-specific PCR (NMAS-PCR) and multiple allele-specific (MAS) PCR assays were evaluated that enabled detection of the most common mutations responsible for isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance in MTB isolates directly from clinical specimens.

Methods:
Six pairs of primers, mutated and wild type, were used for the six targets such as codon 516, 526 and 531 of rpoB, codon 315 of katG and C15-T substitution in the promoter region of mabA-inhA using allele-specific (AS) PCR assays (NAS-PCR, NMAS-PCR and MAS-PCR). The performance of AS PCR method was compared with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST).

Results:
The usefulness of AS PCR assays was evaluated with 391 clinical specimens (251 Acid fast bacilli smear positive and MTB culture positive; 93 smear negative and MTB culture positive; 47 smear positive and MTB culture negative) and 344 MTB culture positive isolates. With culture-based phenotypic DST as a reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the NAS-PCR, NMAS-PCR and MAS-PCR assay for drug resistance-related genetic mutation detection were 98.6 and 97.8 per cent for INH, 97.5 and 97.9 per cent for RIF and 98.9 and 100 per cent for multidrug resistance (MDR).

Interpretation & conclusions:
The performance of AS PCR assays showed that those could be less expensive and technically executable methods for rapid detection of MDR-TB directly from clinical specimens.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in chronic tension-type headache
Authors: Mattoo Bhawna , Tanwar Suman , Bhatia Rohit , Tripathi Manjari , Bhatia Renu 
Published: September 2019

Background & objectives:
Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of primary headache disorder. Its chronic form is often the most ignored and challenging to treat. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a novel technique in the treatment of chronic pain. The aim of this pilot study was to explore the effect of low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) on pain status in chronic TTH (CTTH) by subjective and objective pain assessment.

Methods:
Patients (n=30) diagnosed with CTTH were randomized into rTMS (n=15) and placebo (n=15) groups in this study. Pre-intervention detailed history of patients was taken. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for Pain and questionnaires [Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), McGill Pain Questionnaire, Pain Beliefs Questionnaire, Coping Strategies Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Test, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and WHO-Quality of Life Questionnaire-Brief version] were filled, and objective assessments such as nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) and conditioned pain modulation were done. The tests were repeated after 20 sessions (5 days/week). In the rTMS group, 1200 pulses in eight trains of 150 pulses each were given at 1Hz over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (RDLPFC). In the placebo group, the rTMS coil was placed such that magnetic stimulation did not reach the cortex.

Results:
The NRS score decreased significantly (P<0.001) and NFR thresholds increased significantly (P=0.011) in the rTMS group when compared to placebo group.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Subjective improvements in the NRS, HIT-6, McGill Present Pain Intensity, trait of anxiety and psychological pain beliefs were observed. The increase in the thresholds of NFR served as an objective marker for improvement in pain status. Further studies need to be done to confirm our preliminary findings.
Relaciones entre prácticas artísticas, espacio social, visibilidad y gestión de la complejidad
Authors: Parramon Arimany Ramon 
Published: October 2019

<p>Las prácticas artísticas que se caracterizan por una tendencia a la desmaterialización, a la creación colectiva y a la concepción de la obra-como-proceso, pierden presencia y notoriedad en un contexto marcado por la hipervisibilidad y la inmediatez. Ante la necesidad de hacer inteligible la complejidad social, en un contexto de sobrexposición, el arte puede ser una forma de acción que contribuya a visibilizar aspectos de la realidad e incidir en ella. Pero si el arte no consigue regenerar y diversificar sus mecanismos de producción, puede quedar excluido de esta labor socializadora. La producción artística, entendida desde una perspectiva sistémica, puede afrontar la gestión de la complejidad como esencia, a la vez que conectarse a otros ámbitos, disciplinas o formas de ver-entender el mundo, que comparten el objetivo de descifrar e investigar para trazar futuros posibles, y contribuir a los procesos de emancipación colectiva.En este artículo se plantea la necesidad de redefinir las funciones que asume el arte contemporáneo en relación con los contextos sociales en los que se articula. Tomando como referencia el “productivismo” de los años 20 y las teorías del “arte sistémico” de finales de lo años 60, se ponen en relación con la producción artística contemporánea que activa experiencias que plantean una conexión con determinados espacios sociales, y lo afronta desde la gestión de la complejidad.</p><p> </p>