bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Physiologic Swallowing Impairment Profiles: A Large-Scale Exploratory Study of Head and Neck Cancer, Stroke, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Dementia, and Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Clain Alex E. , Samia Noelle , Davidson Kate , Martin-Harris Bonnie 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of the present study was to use a large swallowing database to explore and compare the swallow-physiology impairment profiles of five dysphagia-associated diagnoses: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), dementia, head and neck cancer (HNC), Parkinson's disease (PD), and stroke.

Method:
A total of 8,190 patients across five diagnoses were extracted from a de-identified swallowing database, that is, the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile Swallowing Data Registry, for the present exploratory cross-sectional analysis. To identify the impairment profiles of the five diagnoses, we fit 18 partial proportional odds models, one for each of the 17 Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile components and the Penetration–Aspiration Scale, with impairment score as the dependent variable and diagnoses, age, sex, and race as the independent variables with interactions between age and diagnoses and between PD and dementia (in effect creating a PD with dementia [PDwDem] group). For components with > 5% missingness, we applied inverse probability weighting to correct for bias.

Results:

PD and COPD did not significantly differ on 13 of the 18 outcome variables (all
p
s > .02). Dementia, stroke, and PDwDem all showed worse impairments than COPD or PD on five of six oral components (all
p
s < .007). HNC had worse impairment than all diagnoses except PDwDem for nine of 10 pharyngeal components (all
p
s < .006). Stroke and HNC had worse penetration/aspiration than all other diagnoses (all
p
s < .003).

Conclusions:
The present results show that there are both common and differing impairment profiles among these five diagnoses. These commonalities and differences in profiles provide a basis for the generation of hypotheses about the nature and severity of dysphagia in these populations. These results are also likely highly generalizable given the size and representativeness of the data set.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27478245
A Scoping Review of Episodes of Lucidity in People Living With Dementia Near the End of Life: The Potential Role of Speech-Language Pathology in Research and Practice
Authors: Mueller Kimberly D. , Hale Madeline R. , Goulette Olivia , Belay Hannah , Sanson-Miles Leah , Benson Clark , Hitchcock Mary , Gilmore-Bykovskyi Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
Emerging evidence suggests that people with dementia may experience episodes of lucidity (ELs) near the end of life, characterized by a temporary recovery of function, communication abilities, and/or awareness of surroundings. This scoping review aims to identify the available evidence on EL, clarify its key concepts and characteristics, identify knowledge gaps, describe the disciplines involved in EL research, and provide recommendations for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working with people with dementia at the end of life. The ultimate goal is to guide future research and develop clinical strategies for SLPs involved in end-of-life care for this population.

Method:
A scoping review was conducted with a systematic literature search across five major databases using relevant terms such as “dementia,” “end-of-life,” and “lucidity,” covering all records up to May 2023. The review included quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies focused on lucid episodes at the end of life.

Results:
Of 5,780 articles screened by two independent reviewers, 10 met the criteria and were synthesized using narrative methods. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by these reviewers. Among the selected studies, three were case reports, while the remaining seven employed qualitative assessments based on caregiver or informant reports. Most studies involved disciplines such as nursing, medicine, and psychology. All definitions and reports of lucidity involved aspects of verbal and nonverbal communication by individuals living with dementia.

Conclusions:
The scoping review provides a valuable synthesis of evidence on lucid episodes in people with severe dementia near the end of life, highlighting an area of growing research interest. Exploring the neurobiological and behavioral aspects of lucidity in dementia can lead to enhanced care for older adults. Given the fundamental role of communication in defining lucidity, SLPs are well positioned to contribute to this research and care continuum.
Efficient DC–DC power converters for fuel‐cell electric vehicle: A qualitative assessment
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Jammeh Sulayman , Samb Rodrigue , Singh Amar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe general shift in vehicle propulsion systems from internal combustion engine (ICE) power‐train towards electric power‐train has led to the development of energy‐efficient and compact electric drivetrain for next‐generation automobiles such as fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV). As opposed to ICE, fuel cell vehicles operate with higher powertrain efficiency and are combustion‐less since the only byproduct is water. In light of developmental and environmental goals, fuel cell technology is consequently seen as the evolutionary step in vehicle technology. The electric drivetrain for FCEV consists of power converters, motors, and associated control systems. Direct connection of the fuel cell stack to the DC bus and other system components is inefficient. As a result, it becomes essential to regulate the high‐voltage DC bus connecting the fuel cell stack to other system elements like the motor and energy storage devices. Therefore, DC–DC converters are designed for main power unit to provide the desired and regulated voltage to the DC bus making the system efficient and reliable. High‐voltage step‐up DC–DC converters have undergone extensive research in recent years, which has increased their functionality, performance, and efficiency for FCEV. A survey of these converters, and evaluation of their performance and index parameters, could be very helpful in designing efficient converters and for the development of vehicular electric power‐train. This paper reviews the literature on electric drive‐train, fuel cell systems, and different DC–DC converter topologies for fuel cell electric vehicles. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the existing topologies, their applications, and comparative aspects, as well as works that haven't been covered in earlier reviews.
Distinguishing coupled dark energy models with neural networks
Authors: Goh L. W. K. , Ocampo I. , Nesseris S. , Pettorino V. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. We investigate whether neural networks (NNs) can accurately differentiate between growth-rate data of the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe simulated via two models: a cosmological constant and Λ cold dark matter (CDM) model and a tomographic coupled dark energy (CDE) model.
Methods. We built an NN classifier and tested its accuracy in distinguishing between cosmological models. For our dataset, we generated fσ8(z) growth-rate observables that simulate a realistic Stage IV galaxy survey-like setup for both ΛCDM and a tomographic CDE model for various values of the model parameters. We then optimised and trained our NN with Optuna, aiming to avoid overfitting and to maximise the accuracy of the trained model. We conducted our analysis for both a binary classification, comparing between ΛCDM and a CDE model where only one tomographic coupling bin is activated, and a multi-class classification scenario where all the models are combined.
Results. For the case of binary classification, we find that our NN can confidently (with > 86% accuracy) detect non-zero values of the tomographic coupling regardless of the redshift range at which coupling is activated and, at a 100% confidence level, detect the ΛCDM model. For the multi-class classification task, we find that the NN performs adequately well at distinguishing ΛCDM, a CDE model with low-redshift coupling, and a model with high-redshift coupling, with 99%, 79%, and 84% accuracy, respectively.
Conclusions. By leveraging the power of machine learning, our pipeline can be a useful tool for analysing growth-rate data and maximising the potential of current surveys to probe for deviations from general relativity.
Investigating the vertical distribution of the disk as a function of radial action: Results from simulations
Authors: Jia Yunpeng , Yang Chengqun , Chen Yuqin , Du Cuihua , Zhao Gang 
Published: November 2024

Aims. Previous research has established a relationship between radial action and scale height in Galactic disks, unveiling a correlation between radial and vertical heating. This finding poses a challenge to our existing comprehension of heating theories and consequently encodes crucial insights into the formation and heating history of Galactic disks. In this study, we perform N-body simulations with the aim of verifying the existence of this correlation between radial action and scale height, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the heating history of Galactic disks.
Methods. We conducted a simulation featuring a disk embedded within a static dark matter halo potential, and systematically analyzed the correlation between radial action and scale height across every snapshot. Furthermore, we augmented this simulation by incorporating massive, long-lasting particles to examine their impact on the aforementioned relationship.
Results. We find that the relationship between radial action and scale height in our simulations can be described by the same functional form observed in previous work. Furthermore, the relationships derived from our simulations align well with those of the Galactic thin disk. However, they do not coincide with the inner thick disk but exhibit a rough correspondence with the outer thick disk, suggesting the possibility that additional heating mechanisms may be required to explain the inner thick disk. We also find that the mean radial action and scale height undergo rapid increases during the initial stages of the simulation, yet remain relatively unchanged as the disk evolves further. By tracing example particles, we uncover a correlation between radial and vertical heating in our simulation: as a particle in the disk gains or loses radial action, its vertical motion tends to oscillate on a more or less extended orbit, accompanied by a tendency to migrate outward or inward, respectively. The massive, long-lasting particles in our simulation contribute to disk heating by solely enhancing the rate of increase in scale height with radial action, while maintaining the functional form that describes the relationship between these two variables.
Conclusions. We have successfully replicated the functional form previously reported in research, thereby confirming a correlation between radial and vertical heating. This achievement enhances our understanding of heating theories in galactic disks.
Berufsbild und Finanzierung der Peer- und Genesungsbegleitung in der
krankenkassenfinanzierten Versorgung in Deutschland – Status Quo und
Möglichkeiten
Authors: Ruiz-Pérez Guillermo , Küsel Madeleine , von Peter Sebastian 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Studie untersucht Möglichkeiten der Eingruppierung, Vergütung und
beruflichen Einordnung von Peer- und Genesungsbegleiter*innen (=PGB) in der
psychiatrischen Versorgung. Sie geht der Forschungsfrage nach, wie diese neue
Berufsgrupp im Rahmen der SGB-V Versorgung systematisch integriert und
angemessen bezahlt werden kann.
Methodik Die Studie ist Teil der Ergebnisse des ImpPeer-Psy5-Projekts, das
Empfehlungen für die bundesweite Implementierung von PGB in der SGB-V Versorgung
erarbeitet. Aufbauend auf den Daten von 57 Interviews wurden 5
Expert*inneninterviews und eine Fokusgruppe umgesetzt. Das Material wurde mit
Hilfe der thematischen Analyse ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse PGB-Leistungen werden bundesweit sehr unterschiedlich
finanziert und entlohnt. Die Entlohnung ist generell unzureichend. Diese
Vergütung wird oft als entkoppelt von den umgesetzten Aufgaben und der
Verantwortungsübernahme erlebt. Die niedrige Entlohnung erschwert die
Implementierung und Etablierung als eigenständige Berufsgruppe. Mehr
Unabhängigkeit von anderen Berufsgruppen und eine höhere Eingruppierung nach
TVöD ist erforderlich.
Schlussfolgerung Eine erfolgreiche Implementierung der PGB bedarf einer
geregelten und abgesicherten Finanzierung und Entlohnung. Eine bundesweite
PGB-Interessensvertretung wäre zur Erreichung dieser Ziele förderlich sein. Die
übliche Eingruppierung in EG3 oder niedriger soll vermieden werden.
Predictive factors for early mortality after EUS-guided gastroenterostomy in malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Lee Hyuk , Park Kenneth Hyunsoo , Rosas Ulysses , El Helou Mohamad Othman , Lee Jae Min , Bancila Liliana , Jamil Laith H , Liu Quin , Watson Rabindra R. , Gaddam Srinivas , Lo Simon K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) has recently emerged as a potential treatment option for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (mGOO), with a relatively long duration of patency and low rate of reintervention. Its intrinsic risk for serious adverse events and high procedure cost mandates careful patient selection beyond the common safety profiles. This study aimed to assess for predictors of early post-EUS-GE mortality.
Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with unresectable mGOO who underwent EUS-GE. Predictive factors for postoperative 30-day mortality with crude and adjusted hazard ratios were examined using univariate and multivariate penalized likelihood Firth logistic regression analyses.
Results Technical and clinical success was achieved in 96.7% and 93.1% of the patients, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate after the procedure was 11.7%, and no procedure complications were observed. The 30-day mortality group had a significantly low rate of initial clinical success (66.7% vs. 96.2%, P = 0.007). Univariate analysis identified significantly higher postoperative 30-day mortality in patients with poor baseline ECOG performance status scale (≥ 2) and ascites. Presence of grade 2 ascites was confirmed as an independent predictive factor in the multivariate analysis (adjusted hazard ratio 52.41, 95% confidence interval 1.55 to 1775.64, P = 0.024).
Conclusions EUS-GE should be carefully considered for patients with ascites which was an independent predictor for early mortality after procedure in mGOO, especially those with grade 2 or higher level of ascites.
Intraoperative Detection of Screw Penetration Following Volar Plating of the Distal Radius: A Cadaveric Study Comparing Fluoroscopic Imaging and Ultrasound
Authors: Persitz Jonathan , Essa Ahmad , Shor Reut , Faye-Matthies Norah , Schroeder Herb Von , Chan Andrea , Paul Ryan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroduction Hardware prominence is one of the major established complications following volar plating of distal radius fractures. The purpose of this cadaveric study is to compare two conventional fluoroscopic imaging views (carpal shoot-through view [CSV] and dorsal horizon view [DHV]) with ultrasound (US) to establish the best intraoperative imaging modality for surgeons to use to identify penetration of screws through the dorsal cortex and/or into the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ).Materials and Methods Twelve human cadaveric limbs were included in the study, instrumented with distal radius plates via a volar approach. The three imaging modalities, CSV, DHV, and US, were compared in terms of detecting prominent screws during volar plate fixation. Six surgeons with varying levels of expertise performed the evaluations. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were computed for every surgeon and imaging method.Results The CSV was found to be more sensitive compared with the DHV and US for detecting dorsal cortex penetration (99% vs. 94% vs. 56%, respectively). The DHV was found to be more sensitive in recognizing DRUJ screw penetration compared with CSV and US (89% vs. 78% vs. 11%, respectively). US evaluation demonstrated considerably lower diagnostic utility compared with CSV and DHV. Surgeon's ability to perform as well as confidence in evaluating for screw penetration was highest with the CSV view.Conclusion Fluoroscopic imaging, particularly the CSV, demonstrates greater diagnostic reliability compared with US for intraoperative detection of prominent screws following volar plate fixation of the distal radius. CSV was also identified as the most reproducible examination for all levels of expertise with minimal formal training required.Level of Evidence: Therapeutic level V.
Tracing long-term commute mode choice shifts in Beijing: four years after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gao Yukun , Zhao Pengjun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought urban mobility into a new era. This study traces post-pandemic shifts in commute mode switch behaviors and their environmental effects based on an event study design and a mobile phone signaling dataset for Beijing from April 2018 to November 2023. The results show that in the outbreak stage, public transit mode share nosedived, with transit riders 5.11 and 3.75 times more likely to switch to private car and active modes, respectively; in the post-pandemic stage, public transit recovered rapidly and to a large extent, but the increase of private mode dependency persisted, as transit riders were 1.88 times more likely to switch to private cars, and transit riders and car drivers were 1.37 and 1.32 times more likely to adopt active modes, respectively; in the pandemic-free stage, signs of private car dominance began to emerge, as driving habits strengthened and more active travelers resorted to driving, indicating the closing of the window of opportunity to promote low-carbon private transport. This study presents the longest longitudinal tracking of post-pandemic travel mode choice so far. The challenges and opportunities faced by the transportation system are discussed, and policy implications and future research directions are provided.
Control system and process optimization for electroless nickel plating
Authors: Qiao Yingtai , Hou Jian , Lai Min , Fang Fengzhou 
Published: November 2024

A novel method based on mid-frequency vibration is proposed to eliminate coating defects such as bubbles during electroless nickel plating. An automated control system for the plating, enabling precise and stable measurements and adjustments of critical parameters such as plating solution temperature, pH, and nickel ion concentration, is also established, which significantly improves process efficiency and coating quality. Experimental results indicate that the system is capable of realizing stable operation over extended periods. A nonporous nickel–phosphorus coating with a thickness greater than 200 μm is successfully obtained, with high phosphorus content, robust adhesion, and superior machinability.
An automatic multi-precursor flow-type atomic layer deposition system
Authors: Rodriguez Daniel J. , Her Mai A. , Usov Igor O. , Safarik D. J. , Jones Rommel , Heidlage Michael G. , Gorey Timothy J. 
Published: November 2024

Designs for two automated atomic layer deposition (ALD) flow reactors are presented, and their capabilities for coating additively manufactured (AM) metal prints are described. One instrument allows the coating of several AM parts in batches, while the other is useful for single part experiments. To demonstrate reactor capabilities, alumina (Al2O3) was deposited onto AM 316L stainless steel by dosing with water (H2O) vapor and trimethylaluminum (TMA) and purging with nitrogen gas (N2). Both instruments are controlled by custom-programmed LabVIEW software that enables in situ logging of temperature, total pressure, and film thickness using a quartz crystal microbalance. An initial result shows that 150 ALD cycles led to a film thickness of ∼55 nm, which was verified with Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. This indicates that the reactors were indeed depositing single atomic layers of Al2O3 per ALD cycle, as intended.
Temporal variation in utilisation distribution and direction distribution of dugong feeding trails in intertidal seagrass beds in Talibong Island, Thailand: an insight into dugong feeding routes
Authors: Yamato Chiaki , Ichikawa Kotaro , Kittiwattanawong Kongkiat , Arai Nobuaki 
Published: November 2024

Context A better understanding of animal habitat use informs fundamental ecology and can provide underpinnings for effective management. Aims This study explored the temporal variation in feeding ground utilisation by dugongs (Dugong dugon) in two intertidal seagrass beds in Talibong Island, Thailand (Sites A and B), focusing on the distribution and direction of dugong feeding trails. Methods Drone-based aerial photography was conducted quarterly over 1 year and daily over 2 weeks to observe feeding trails and behaviour. Key results During five and seven separate photography periods over 1 year, 0.04 ± 0.01% (range: 0.03–0.06%) of Site A (200,000 m2) was covered with new feeding trails daily, while 0.35 ± 0.31% (range: 0.07–0.96%) of Site B (278,000 m2) was covered daily. This temporal variation in the feeding trail area corresponded to that in seagrass coverage. Daily observations over 2 weeks during six separate photography periods revealed a significant decrease in overlapping rates (intersection over union) of the core areas (50% kernel density estimation [KDE]) as time elapsed. The 1-year observation highlighted relatively higher overlapping rates of home ranges (95% KDE) (Site A: 0.27 ± 0.09; Site B: 0.49 ± 0.08) and low overlapping rates of core areas (Site A: 0.02 ± 0.03; Site B: 0.09 ± 0.09). The relative frequencies of the feeding trail direction remained consistent across survey seasons, and the most and least dominant directions were common across all survey seasons and sites. The circular correlation coefficient between the directions of dugong body axis and the estimated tidal current was 0.45, suggesting that feeding generally occurred in the upstream direction. The direction and spatial range of dugong feeding may be affected by temporally consistent factors. One factor that can affect the feeding direction is the tidal current. Conclusions Overall, dugongs may feed and move within seagrass beds in a temporally consistent manner, even when there are shifts in feeding hotspots. Implications This research enhances our understanding of how dugongs utilise their feeding grounds and highlights the importance of not only identifying feeding hotspots but also predicting their feeding routes by considering the direction and distribution of feeding trails.