bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Swelling of Poly(Isopropylacrylamide) Near the θ Temperature: A Comparison between Linear and Cross‐Linked Chains
Authors: Lopez Carlos G. , Scotti Andrea , Brugnoni Monia , Richtering Walter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThermoresponsive polymeric gels are a class of smart materials with the ability to absorb or release large amounts of solvent when changes in their environment occur. Scaling theories of gel swelling (de Gennes'c∗ theorem and Obukhov's model) predict that the swelling of a gel correlates with that of a linear chain with equal degree of polymerization to that of a network strand. Data on linear and cross‐linked poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) in aqueous solutions of different molar masses under θ temperature and good solvent conditions are examined. The Kuhn length of PNIPAM is evaluated to beLK = 4 ± 1 nm, in strong disagreement with previous estimates by single molecule force spectroscopy. The excluded volume strength (B) varies with the reduced temperature (τ) asB ≃ 4.7τ nm. While the power law exponent for the equilibrium swelling as a function of degree of cross‐linking is close to the scaling predictions, the degree of swelling observed in cross‐linked networks is two to three orders of magnitude larger than that expected from scaling models. The large differences between theoretical predictions and experimental results probably arise from the highly inhomogeneous nature of PNIPAM gels.
A Mechanically Robust, Stiff, and Tough Hyperbranched Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogel
Authors: Li Jia , Yang Jianhai , Liu Wenguang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this study, a simple yet versatile method is introduced to prepare a hyperbranched supramolecular polymer hydrogel by utilizing Type II photoinitiated self‐condensing vinyl polymerization of N‐acryloyl glycinamide, which can serve not only as an inimer providing branching sites, but also as a hydrogen‐bonding cross‐linker. The hyperbranched poly(N‐acryloyl glycinamide) (HB‐PNAGA) hydrogels demonstrate excellent mechanical performances with a tensile strength of 0.793–2.724 MPa, elongation at break of 203–902%, Young's modulus of 0.450–1.172 MPa, and maximal fracture energy of 2200 J m−2, which are all superior to those of linear PNAGA hydrogels. The results indicate that the HB‐PNAGA hydrogel is very stiff and tough due to much higher H‐bonding cross‐linking density formed in hyperbranched architecture. The high stiffness, toughness, and ease of preparation make these hyperbranched supramolecular hydrogels very attractive for application as soft supporting tissue replacements.
Injecting RNA interference lentiviruses targeting the muscarinic 3 receptor gene into the bladder wall inhibits neurogenic detrusor overactivity in rats with spinal cord injury
Authors: Shang Zhenhua , Jia Chunsong , Yan Hao , Cui Bo , Wu Jiangtao , Wang Qi , Gao Wei , Cui Xin , Li Jin , Ou Tongwen 
Published: December 2018

AimsTo investigate the effects of injecting RNA interference (RNAi) lentiviruses targeting the muscarinic 3 (M3) receptor gene into the bladder wall on bladder activity in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsFour M3 RNAi lentiviruses were constructed and used to infect primary cultured bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMCs). Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were performed to determine the optimal RNAi lentivirus with the highest interference efficiency. Female Wistar rats were subjected spinal cord transection at T9‐10 and randomly divided into three groups (n = 8), namely, blank control, negative control, and experimental groups, and injected into the bladder wall with saline, negative control shRNA, and M3 RNAi lentiviruses, respectively, 1 week after spinal cord transection. The normal rats were used as normal control group. Urodynamic parameters and bladder tissues were evaluated in the different groups.ResultsAn M3 RNAi lentivirus with the highest interference efficiency (78.9%) was constructed and identified. Three weeks after injecting M3 RNAi lentiviruses into the bladder wall, Western blotting and qRT‐PCR showed that the M3 receptor was significantly downregulated in the experimental group. Cystometric evaluation suggested that downregulating M3 receptor expression could substantially decrease basal pressure, residual volume, and non‐voiding contraction number, increase intercontraction interval, and significantly improve bladder compliance in rats with SCI.ConclusionInjecting RNAi lentiviruses targeting the M3 receptor gene into the bladder wall could effectively inhibit neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) due to SCI. Thus, this approach may be a potential treatment for NDO in SCI.
Selective recognition of Cr (VI) ion as Cr2O72− in aqueous medium using CTAB‐capped anthracene‐based nanosensor: Application to real water sample analysis
Authors: Suryawanshi Sonali B. , Mahajan Prasad G. , Kolekar Govind B. , Bodake Anita J. , Patil Shivajirao R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSurfactant‐capped nanoparticles of 9, 10‐diphenyl anthracene prepared by reprecipitation method found highly fluorescent due to aggregation‐induced enhanced emission (AIEE). Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant not only generated positive zeta potential on the surface of nanoparticles to attract anions of interest but also stabilized nanoparticles into brick‐shape morphology. The fluorescence of nanoparticles is quenched by Cr2O72‐ ion very significantly in comparison with other diverse ions, namely, MnO4‐, S2O82‐, HCO3‐, and Cr2O42‐. Though S2‐ and IO3‐ showed increase in the fluorescence of nanoparticles, the interference found is negligible in the Cr (VI) analysis. The selectivity and sensitivity of nanoparticles for recognition of Cr2O72− were explored by systematic fluorescence titration. The fluorescence quenching data fits into the usual Stern‐Volmer equation. A calibration curve constructed by plotting quenching of fluorescence (∆F) against concentration of Cr (VI) exhibiting a linear fit in the equation, ∆F = 3070x, is used for the estimation of chromium concentration (x). The correlation coefficient value R2 = 0.998 obtained from curve is nearly equal to 1 indicates linear fit between quenching data and concentration of Cr (VI). The estimated values of limit of detection (LOD) in the method 0.01392 μg.mL−1 is far below the permissible value of Cr (VI) 0.05 μg.mL−1 in drinking water approved by world health organization (WHO) and United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The proposed method of Cr (VI) detection is applied for real sample collected from hard chrome deposition industry from nearby region. The amount of Cr (VI) estimated by present method is comparable with AAS determination for the same samples.
Helping Her Heal: Randomized clinical trial to enhance dyadic outcomes in couples
Authors: Lewis Frances Marcus , Griffith Kristin A. , Alzawad Zainab , Dawson Patricia L. , Zahlis Ellen H. , Shands Mary Ellen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test the short‐term efficacy of a brief, fully manualized marital communication and interpersonal support intervention for couples facing recently diagnosed breast cancer.MethodsA total of 322 women diagnosed within 6 months with stages 0 to III breast cancer and their 322 spouse caregivers were enrolled. Spouses in the experimental group received five 30‐ to 60‐minute intervention sessions at 2‐week intervals by master's‐prepared patient educators; controls received the booklet, “What's Happening to the Woman I Love?” Outcomes were assessed at 3, 6, and 9 months using the linear mixed models within an intent‐to‐treat analysis.ResultsCompared with controls, at 3 months, spouse caregivers significantly improved on standardized measures of depressed mood, anxiety, cancer‐related marital communication, interpersonal support, and self‐care. All differences except depressed mood and anxiety were sustained at 9 months. Wives significantly improved at 3 months on marital communication and positive appraisal of spouses' interpersonal support; gains remained significant at 9 months. Compared with controls on chemotherapy, wives in the experimental group additionally improved on depressed mood and tended to improve on anxiety.ConclusionsA brief, fully manualized intervention delivered directly to spouse caregivers early in the course of their wives' medical treatment improves caregivers' self‐care and behavioral‐emotional adjustment and wives' positive view of their spouses' support and communication. The brevity and manualized structure of the intervention argue strongly for its scalability, use in cost‐sensitive settings, and its potential dissemination through e‐health channels.
Brief resolved unexplained events: Retrospective validation of diagnostic criteria and risk stratification
Authors: Colombo Marco , Katz Eliot S. , Bosco Annalisa , Melzi Maria L. , Nosetti Luana 
Published: December 2018

Background and ObjectivesThis study retrospectively evaluated the AAP guidelines for diagnosis and risk stratification of Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (BRUE) in a well‐characterized cohort of infants admitted with an Apparent Life Threatening Event (ALTE). Further, using prospective follow‐up, we endeavored to determine the safety of implementing ambulatory care for the lower risk BRUE population (LR‐BRUE) and estimate the cost‐savings of this practice.MethodsRetrospective application of the BRUE criteria on infants younger than 12 months of age who had been admitted with an ALTE from 2006 to 2016 at a single tertiary care center in Lombardy, Italy. ALTE patients were classified into three groups; (1) Not a BRUE; (2) Lower‐risk (LR)‐BRUE; and (3) Higher‐risk (HR)‐BRUE. Patients were contacted prospectively to obtain long‐term follow‐up outcomes and medical records and billing databases were reviewed.ResultsAmong the 84 infants admitted for an ALTE, 35 (42%) were not a BRUE, 16 (19%) were a LR‐BRUE, and 33 (39%) were a HR‐BRUE. Only one of the LR‐BRUE patients had a subsequent LR‐BRUE event, and was later diagnosed with a seizure disorder. Two HR‐BRUE babies had also previously presented with a LR‐BRUE. Application of the LR‐BRUE guidelines would have decreased health expenditure by 20%. There were no deaths or significant morbidities in either BRUE group.ConclusionsApplying the recent AAP BRUE guidelines and risk stratification to a well‐characterized cohort of admitted ALTE patients is a safe and cost‐effective approach. Careful out‐patient follow‐up is recommended as one of our patients with a LR‐BRUE had a recurrence, and was subsequently diagnosed with a seizure disorder.
Comprehensive Survey of the Structures of C4, C4−, and C4+ Clusters
Authors: Wang Zerong Daniel , Withey Paul A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHistoric debates on the true structure of C4 cluster based on the experimental results of EPR, infrared spectroscopy and Coulomb explosion, as well as theoretical calculations have prompted us to comprehensively survey the geometries of C4 clusters. A total of 37 possible geometries for neutral C4, 24 C4 anions (C4−) and 27 C4 cations (C4+) have been optimized with both MP2 and density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations and verified with subsequent frequency calculations. The results align very well with all experimental observations, including the detection of rhombic C4 structure in Coulomb explosion experiment and the cis‐bent structure, in addition to the most stable linear geometries for C4 and C4−, and the electron affinity and ionization potential of C4.
Molecule‐Driven Nanoenergy Generator
Authors: Li Hui‐Jun , Zhang Darui , Wang Hongwu , Chen Zhenlu , Ou Nanquan , Wang Ping , Wang Ding , Wang Xianying , Yang Junhe 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA large potential can be generated when one end of 1D and/or 2D semiconducting nanostructures such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and molybdenum disulfide is exposed to a wide spectrum of chemical molecules. A nanoenergy generator that comprises vertically aligned ZnO nanowires and poly(vinyl chloride‐co‐vinyl‐co‐2‐hydroxypropyl acrylate) is fabricated, and it can generate electricity from various molecules including gaseous species exhaled from human breath. The generated voltage, which depends sensitively on the molecular dipole moment of adsorbed chemical species and surface coverage, is significantly larger than the streaming or piezoelectric potentials and is powerful enough to directly drive a single carbon nanotube field‐effect transistor. It is demonstrated that the notion of voltage generation through molecule‐surface interactions bears general implications to other semiconducting materials, and has the advantages of simplicity, cost‐effectiveness, fast response to a wide range of molecules, and high power output, making our approach a promising tool for energy conversion and sensing applications.
Colonoscopic findings in patients younger than 40 years
Authors: Moreira Lana Ferreira , Santos Elisângela Suzarth Gonçalves dos , Amorim Taísa Maria Brito , Leal Rafaela Mendonça , Andrade Adriana Conceição de Mello , Mendes Carlos Ramon Silveira 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Objective To analyze the main endoscopic findings in patients under 40 years of age and the main indications for colonoscopy in these patients.
Methods A retrospective study with 362 reports of patients under 40 years of age who underwent colonoscopy from January 2014 to June 2017 at the colonoscopy service of the General Hospital Roberto Santos. Colon preparation was performed with mannitol and the patients underwent sedation as the anesthetist criteria.
Results Of the 362 patients analyzed, 192 (53%) were female. The mean age was 25 years (25.58 ± 11.95). The most frequent indications were inflammatory bowel disease in 24.3% (88) of the patients, bleeding in the lower digestive tract in 24% (87), and chronic diarrhea in 20.2% (73). The main colonoscopic findings were polyposis in 21.3% (77) of the patients and inflammatory alterations in 20.7% (75).
Conclusion With the analysis of the data provided by the colonoscopies, it was possible to conclude that, when the investigation is adequate and the examination is well indicated, even under the age of 40, colonoscopy can help in the diagnostic and treatment of several pathologies, including those that may increase the risk of colorectal cancer.
System Identification and Data‐Driven Forecasting of AE Index and Prediction Uncertainty Analysis Using a New Cloud‐NARX Model
Authors: Gu Y. , Wei Hua‐Liang , Boynton Richard J. , Walker Simon N. , Balikhin Michael A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSevere geomagnetic storms caused by the solar wind disturbances have harmful influences on the operation of modern equipment and systems. The modeling and forecasting of AE index are extremely useful to understand the geomagnetic substorms. This study presents a novel cloud‐nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input (NARX) model to predict AE index 1 hr ahead. The cloud‐NARX model provides AE index forecasting results, with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 on the data of whole year 2015. The benchmarks on the data of the two interested periods of 17–21 March 2015 and 22–26 June 2015 are presented. The presented model uses uncertainty “cloud” model and cloud transformation to quantify the uncertainty throughout the structure detection, parameter estimation, and model prediction. The new predicted band can be generated to forecast AE index with confidence interval. The proposed method provides a new way to evaluate the model based on uncertainty analysis, revealing the reliability of model, and visualize the bias of model prediction.
Molecular comparison of Neanderthal and Modern Human adenylosuccinate lyase
Authors: Van Laer Bart , Kapp Ulrike , Soler-Lopez Montserrat , Moczulska Kaja , Pääbo Svante , Leonard Gordon , Mueller-Dieckmann Christoph 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe availability of genomic data from extinct homini such as Neanderthals has caused a revolution in palaeontology allowing the identification of modern human-specific protein substitutions. Currently, little is known as to how these substitutions alter the proteins on a molecular level. Here, we investigate adenylosuccinate lyase, a conserved enzyme involved in purine metabolism for which several substitutions in the modern human protein (hADSL) have been described to affect intelligence and behaviour. During evolution, modern humans acquired a specific substitution (Ala429Val) in ADSL distinguishing it from the ancestral variant present in Neanderthals (nADSL). We show here that despite this conservative substitution being solvent exposed and located distant from the active site, there is a difference in thermal stability, but not enzymology or ligand binding between nADSL and hADSL. Substitutions near residue 429 which do not profoundly affect enzymology were previously reported to cause neurological symptoms in humans. This study also reveals that ADSL undergoes conformational changes during catalysis which, together with the crystal structure of a hitherto undetermined product bound conformation, explains the molecular origin of disease for several modern human ADSL mutants.
Influenza virus N-linked glycosylation and innate immunity
Authors: York Ian A. , Stevens James , Alymova Irina V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInfluenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and sporadic pandemics in humans. The virus’s ability to change its antigenic nature through mutation and recombination, and the difficulty in developing highly effective universal vaccines against it, make it a serious global public health challenge. Influenza virus’s surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, are all modified by the host cell’s N-linked glycosylation pathways. Host innate immune responses are the first line of defense against infection, and glycosylation of these major antigens plays an important role in the generation of host innate responses toward the virus. Here, we review the principal findings in the analytical techniques used to study influenza N-linked glycosylation, the evolutionary dynamics of N-linked glycosylation in seasonal versus pandemic and zoonotic strains, its role in host innate immune responses, and the prospects for lectin-based therapies. As the efficiency of innate immune responses is a critical determinant of disease severity and adaptive immunity, the study of influenza glycobiology is of clinical as well as research interest.
Peculiarities of the temperature mode of operation of asphalt in airfield coatings
Authors: Ramos A. , Kotlyarsky Eduard , Vasilev Y. , Talalay V. , Sarichev I. 
Published: December 2018

The article makes an attempt to theoretically substantiate the need to take into account the increase in the temperature of the asphalt concrete aerodrome covering when the jet jets of aircraft aircraft are re-peatedly exposed to the surface of the coating not only when calculating the thermodynamic stability of the upper layer at a jet velocity equal to or exceeding 100 m / s but also for other operational conditions. This will re-duce the risks of plastic deformation, likely jet erosion, potholes, even at the design stage and apply asphalt mixes with specified properties for the top coat.
Based on the laws of transfer of thermal energy, a theory was devel-oped for calculating the temperature variation on the surface of the coating and the temperature distribution over the depth of the layer, from the effect of gas jets. The depth of heating by the gas jet of the upper asphalt-concrete layer and the factors determining this value are determined.
The theoretical dependences describing the change in the temperature of the surface of the coating from the action of gas jets and the propagation of temperature fields along the thickness of the structure are revealed. The results of calculations of the temperature of the upper asphalt-concrete lay-er of the coating under the action of gas jets and in their absence in various operational and climatic conditions are presented on the example of the Republic of Peru.
Consideration of fire risks in construction on the basic of territories typology
Authors: Minaev Vladimir , Korobets Boris , Dao Tuan , Tuan Anh Phan 
Published: December 2018

Subject of the study: The article considers assessments of fire risks in Vietnamese typological clusters. A set of factors characterized by economic, social, demographic, climatic indicators, as well as indicators that take into account processes of urbanization, electrification, trade and transport development, affecting both construction industry functioning and fire services activities in clusters are considered in building typology.
Goal of the study: Triune and aimed at territories fire risks typology on the basic of cluster analysis – assessment of territorial differences in fire risks – justification models of optimal management of fire service resources in territorial clusters.
Materials and methods: Methodological basis for fire risks assessment is the integral fire risks theory. Trends for each province in Vietnam from 2006 to 2016, and their averaged indicator for the same years are considered.
Results: In term of fire risks, five homogeneous clusters of provinces are identified.
Conclusions: Obtained typology in Vietnam makes it possible to develop practical recommendations for authorities, industries, including construction one, and fire service, on improving management of territorial resources taking into account fire risks, interaction between regional operational services, enhancing legal and regulatory support for insurance in construction industry.
Modeling heat transfer process in soils
Authors: Ofrikhter Ian , Zaharov Alexander , Ponomaryov Andrey , Likhacheva Natalia 
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a new model is presented for calculating the thermal conductivity of soils, and the main provisions for the derivation of analytical formulas are given. The presented model allows taking into account the density, moisture content and temperature of the soil base. The technique presented in the paper makes it possible to dispense with laborious experiments to estimate the thermal conductivity of the soil. The method of analytical calculation is step by step presented in the paper. Two variants of using the method are proposed:
1) Less accurate method, for preliminary evaluation, without the need to take probe and conduct experiments.
2) More accurate method, with at least one experiment with a disturbed or undisturbed sample.
The results of comparison of calculated values of thermal conductivity and experimental data are presented.
Innovatives neues Evakuierungskonzept mit Rettungsmatratzen
Authors: Prokop Axel , Waiblinger Bernd 
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung
Indikation Im Not- oder Brandfall sind Patienten in Krankenhäusern durch ihre eingeschränkte Mobilität extrem gefährdet. Bei einigen Großbränden in mehrstöckigen Krankenhäusern kam es in der Vergangenheit zu Todesfällen.
Methode Wir haben daher eine Evakuierungsmatratze entwickelt, welche die Funktionen eines Evakuierungstuches bereits beinhaltet, jedoch mit dem Liegekomfort einer normalen Matratze. Die Halte- und Fixiergurte sind geschützt vom abwaschbaren Matratzenbezug verborgen und lassen sich im Ernstfall durch Reißverschlüsse erreichen. Mit einer Person kann ein Patient aus dem Bett, über den Flur und durch das Treppenhaus gezogen werden, ohne sich zu verletzen. Die kompletten Matratzen sind ca. 80 – 90 € teurer als die normalen Matratzen. Inzwischen sind alle Betten in den 6 Krankenhäusern unseres Verbundes mit den Matratzen ausgestattet.
Schlussfolgerung Eine schnelle Rettung lässt sich somit mit einem Komplettsystem ermöglichen.