bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Chicago (Illinois USA) Marathon Prehospital Care Demographics, Patient Care Operations, and Injury Patterns
Authors: Chan Jennifer Lisa , Constantinou Valentino , Fokas Jennifer , Van Deusen Phillips Sarah , Chiampas George 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Large-scale mass-sporting events are increasingly requiring greater prehospital event planning and preparation to address inherent event-associated medical conditions in addition to incidents that may be unexpected. The Bank of America Chicago Marathon (Chicago, Illinois USA) is one of the largest marathons in the world, and with the improvement of technology, the use of historical patient and event data, in conjunction with environmental conditions, can provide organizers and public safety officials a way to plan based on injury patterns and patient demands for care by predicting the placement and timing of needed medical support and resources.Problem:During large-scale events, disaster planning and preparedness between event organizers, Emergency Medical Services (EMS), and local, state, and federal agencies is critical to ensure participant and public safety.Methods:This study looked at the Bank of America Chicago Marathon, a significant endurance event, and took a unique approach of reviewing digital runner data retrospectively over a five-year period to establish patterns of medical demand geographically, temporally, and by the presenting diagnoses. Most medical complaints were musculoskeletal in nature; however, there were life-threatening conditions such as hyperthermia and cardiac incidents that highlight the need for detailed planning, coordination, and communication to ensure a safe and secure event.Conclusions:The Chicago Marathon is one of the largest marathons in the world, and this study identified an equal number of participants requiring care on-course and at the finish line. Most medical complaints were musculoskeletal in nature; however, there were life-threatening conditions such as hyperthermia and cardiac incidents that highlight the need for detailed planning, multi-disciplined coordination, and communication to ensure a safe and secure event. As technology has evolved, the use, analysis, and implementation of historical digital data with various environmental conditions can provide organizers and public safety officials a map to plan injury patterns and patient demands by predicting the placement and timing of needed medical support, personnel, and resources.
How does staggered membership renewal affect parliamentary behaviour? Evidence from the French Senate
Authors: Willumsen David M. , Goetz Klaus H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe staggered renewal of parliamentary mandates is widespread in upper chambers, yet little understood. Comparative work has found that all members of a chamber are affected by upcoming elections, not merely those whose terms are up for renewal. In this study, we explore for which activities, and under which conditions, staggered membership renewal is associated with class-specific parliamentary activity, defined as systematically differing behaviour across two or more classes of members. We examine these questions with data on the French Senate. Drawing on insights from the study of political business cycles, legislative cycles, and previous scholarship on staggering, the article shows that behaviour varies over the course of senators’ mandates, and that class-specific behaviour exists. However, staggering produces a different pattern of parliamentary activity than might be expected: proximity to elections reduces parliamentary activity of the class of senators facing re-election; by contrast, senators ‘not up next’ become more active. This effect, we argue, reflects the electoral system under which senators are elected.
Methods for determining pubertal status in research studies: literature review and opinions of experts and adolescents
Authors: Walker I. V. , Smith C. R. , Davies J. H. , Inskip H. M. , Baird J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn lifecourse studies that encompass the adolescent period, the assessment of pubertal status is important, but can be challenging. We aimed to identify current methods for pubertal assessment and assess their appropriateness for population-based research by combining a review of the literature with the views of experts in the field. We searched bibliographic databases, extracted data and assessed study quality to inform a workshop with 21 experts. Acceptability of different approaches was explored with a panel of ten adolescents. We screened 11,935 abstracts, assessed 157 articles and summarised results from 38 articles. Combining these with the opinions of experts, self-assessment was found to be a practical method for use in studies where agreement with the gold standard of clinical assessment by physical examination to within one Tanner stage was acceptable. Serial measures of height and foot size accurately indicated timing of the pubertal growth spurt and age at peak height velocity, and were seen as feasible within longitudinal studies. Hormonal and radiological methods did not offer a practical means of assessing pubertal status. Assessment of voice maturation was promising, but needed validation. Young people thought that self-assessment, foot size and voice assessments were acceptable, and preferred an assessor of the same sex for clinical assessment. This review thus informs researchers working in lifecourse and adolescent health, and identifies future directions in order to improve validity of the methods.
Charge Regions Indicated by LMA Lightning Flashes in Hokuriku's Winter Thunderstorms
Authors: Zheng Dong , Wang Daohong , Zhang Yijun , Wu Ting , Takagi Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe charge distribution of some cells in three winter thunderstorms in the Hokuriku region of Japan is investigated based on Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) flash data. The vertical arrangements of charge regions involved in lightning discharges suggest diverse charge patterns, including quad‐polar, tripole, positive dipole, inverted dipole, and inverted tripole. The riming electrification between graupel and ice crystals or their aggregations are thought to be responsible for the electrification of most cells. The charging process between snow/aggregates and ice crystals may be responsible for some inverted charge structure that occurred above 0 °C isotherm and accompanied with weak radar echoes. Convection indicated by the vertical development of radar reflectivity appears crucial to shaping the diverse charge distribution patterns by determining which charging mechanisms occur and where; it also influences changes in height or even the disappearance of the charge regions. The charged cores are distributed from 0.7‐ to 5.3‐km heights and 2‐ to –31‐ °C temperatures, while the distances between adjacent charged cores with opposite polarities change between 0.2 and 3.4 km, with a mean of 1.3 km. The mean flash duration and horizontal distance are 425.0 ms and 19.8 km, respectively. The average height, temperature, and power of flash initiations are 2.8 km, −11.9 °C, and 15.6 dBW, respectively.
Tectono‐magmatic and Stratigraphic Evolution of the Cycladic Basement, Ios Island, Greece
Authors: Flansburg Megan E. , Stockli Daniel F. , Poulaki Eirini M. , Soukis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Cycladic Basement (CB) and the overlying Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) are part of the Paleogene Cycladic subduction complex exposed in Miocene metamorphic core complexes in the distended back‐arc of the retreating Hellenic subduction zone of the southern Aegean. While the Cenozoic tectono‐metamorphic evolutions of the CB and the CBU have been the foci of numerous studies, this study presents new laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry bedrock and detrital zircon (DZ) U‐Pb ages that place robust constraints on the presubduction tectonic, magmatic, and paleogeographic evolution of the CB. Zircon U‐Pb ages of crystalline CB are ~306‐330 Ma, demonstrating local plutonism associated with regional voluminous, protracted Carboniferous magmatism related to Paleo‐Tethys subduction. The plutons intruded the CB metasedimentary host‐rock sequence, characterized by distinct Gondwanan DZ U‐Pb provenance, Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic maximum depositional ages, and synmagmatic, contact metamorphic zircon rims (~300‐330 Ma). DZ U‐Pb dating revealed postmagmatic Permian metasedimentary rocks (~270‐295 Ma) that unconformably overlie the CB and have unimodal DZ spectra that indicate exhumation of the CB prior to Permian deposition within extensional basins, as well as mark the onset of CBU deposition prior to formation of the Pindos rift domain. These U‐Pb results clarify the late Paleozoic‐early Mesozoic evolution of the CB as a peri‐Gondwanan terrane composed of Neoproterozoic and early Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks, intruded by voluminous Carboniferous arc magmatism, and exhumed in the Permian, prior to Triassic rifting and CBU deposition. Additionally, these data provide a chronostratigraphic framework and illuminate subduction‐related juxtaposition within the CB metasedimentary sequence.
North Atlantic Ice‐Rafting, Ocean and Atmospheric Circulation During the Holocene: Insights From Western Mediterranean Speleothems
Authors: Ait Brahim Y. , Wassenburg J. A. , Sha L. , Cruz F. W. , Deininger M. , Sifeddine A. , Bouchaou L. , Spötl Christoph , Edwards R. L. , Cheng H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, we present a Holocene rainfall index based on three high‐resolution speleothem records from the Western Mediterranean, a region under the influence of the westerly winds belt modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). On centennial to millennial timescales, we show that the North Atlantic ice‐rafting events were likely associated with negative NAO‐like conditions during the Early Holocene and the Late Holocene. However, our data reveal that this is not clearly the case for the mid‐Holocene ice‐rafting events, during which we also show evidence of positive NAO‐like patterns from other paleo‐oceanographic and paleo‐atmospheric data. Hence, contradictory mechanisms involving prolonged periods of both north and south shifts of the westerly winds belt (resembling positive and negative NAO‐like patterns) might at least partially trigger or amplify the ice‐rafting events and the slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
Source‐Dependent Amplification of Earthquake Ground Motions in Deep Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Wirth Erin A. , Vidale John E. , Frankel Arthur D. , Pratt Thomas L. , Marafi Nasser A. , Thompson Mika , Stephenson William J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDeep sedimentary basins amplify long‐period shaking from seismic waves, increasing the seismic hazard for cities sited on such basins. We perform 3‐D simulations of point source earthquakes distributed around the Seattle and Tacoma basins in Washington State to examine the dependence of basin amplification on source azimuth, depth, and earthquake type. For periods between 1 and 10 s, the pattern of amplification is spatially heterogeneous and differs considerably with the source‐to‐site azimuth. For close‐in earthquakes, the greatest basin amplification occurs toward the farside of the basin and ground motions from crustal earthquakes experience greater amplification than those from more vertically incident, deeper intraplate earthquakes. Love and Rayleigh waves form similar spatial patterns for a given source location, although the magnitude of amplification varies. The source dependence of basin amplification is an important factor for seismic hazard assessment, in both the Seattle and Tacoma basins, and by extension for deep sedimentary basins worldwide.
LncRNA FOXP4-AS1 is activated by PAX5 and promotes the growth of prostate cancer by sequestering miR-3184-5p to upregulate FOXP4
Authors: Wu Xingcheng , Xiao Yu , Zhou Yi , Zhou Zhien , Yan Weigang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the major men malignancies worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as essential regulators in human cancers, including PCa. In the present study, lncRNA forkhead box P4 antisense RNA 1 (FOXP4-AS1) was found to be highly expressed in TCGA PCa samples. Upregulation of FOXP4-AS1 was further validated in 64 PCa tissues and predicted poor prognosis in patients with PCa. Functionally, high FOXP4-AS1 level was associated with increased cell proliferation and decreased cell apoptosis, indicating that FOXP4-AS1 exerted oncogenic functions in the tumorigenesis of PCa. Furthermore, FOXP4-AS1 was located in the cytoplasm of PCa cell lines and positively regulated FOXP4. LncRNAs can exert their functions by cooperating with their nearby genes. Mechanistically, FOXP4-AS1 post-transcriptionally regulated FOXP4 by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in PCa to sponge miR-3184-5p. Considering the upregulation of both FOXP4-AS1 and its nearby gene FOXP4, we further detected the coactivator of FOXP4-AS1 and FOXP4. Mechanism analysis indicated that paired box 5 (PAX5) transcriptionally activated FOXP4-AS1 and FOXP4 in PCa. Collectively, we determined that PAX5-induced upregulation of FOXP4-AS1/FOXP4 axis promoted tumorigenesis of PCa.
Modified CAR T cells targeting membrane-proximal epitope of mesothelin enhances the antitumor function against large solid tumor
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Jiang Duqing , Yang Huan , He Zhou , Liu Xiangzhen , Qin Wenxia , Li Linfang , Wang Chao , Li Yang , Li He , Xu Hai , Jin Huajun , Qian Qijun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMesothelin (MSLN) is an attractive antigen for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy and the epitope selection within MSLN is essential. In this study, we constructed two types of CARs targeting either region I of MSLN (meso1 CAR, also known as a membrane-distal region) or region III of MSLN (meso3 CAR, also known as a membrane-proximal region) using a modified piggyBac transposon system. We reported that, compared with meso1 CAR T cells, meso3 CAR T cells express higher levels of CD107α upon activation and produce increased levels of interleukin-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ against multiple MSLN-expressing cancer cells in vitro. In a real-time cell analyzer system and a three-dimensional spheroid cancer cell model, we also demonstrated that meso3 CAR T cells display an enhanced killing effect compared with that of meso1 CAR T cells. More importantly, in a gastric cancer NSG mice model, meso3 CAR T cells mediated stronger antitumor responses than meso1 CAR T cells did. We further identified that meso3 CAR T cells can effectively inhibit the growth of large ovarian tumors in vivo. Collectively, our study provides evidences that meso3 CAR T-cell therapy performs as a better immunotherapy than meso1 CAR T-cell therapy in treating MSLN-positive solid tumors.
Ran promotes membrane targeting and stabilization of RhoA to orchestrate ovarian cancer cell invasion
Authors: Zaoui Kossay , Boudhraa Zied , Khalifé Paul , Carmona Euridice , Provencher Diane , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRan is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein that is involved in cell cycle regulation, nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, and cell transformation. Ran plays an important role in cancer cell survival and cancer progression. Here, we show that, in addition to the nucleocytoplasmic localization of Ran, this GTPase is specifically associated with the plasma membrane/ruffles of ovarian cancer cells. Ran depletion has a drastic effect on RhoA stability and inhibits RhoA localization to the plasma membrane/ruffles and RhoA activity. We further demonstrate that the DEDDDL domain of Ran is required for the interaction with serine 188 of RhoA, which prevents RhoA degradation by the proteasome pathway. Moreover, the knockdown of Ran leads to a reduction of ovarian cancer cell invasion by impairing RhoA signalling. Our findings provide advanced insights into the mode of action of the Ran-RhoA signalling axis and may represent a potential therapeutic avenue for drug development to prevent ovarian tumour metastasis.
Two and three-uniform states from irredundant orthogonal arrays
Authors: Pang Shan-Qi , Zhang Xiao , Lin Xiao , Zhang Qing-Juan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA pure quantum state of N subsystems, each with d levels, is said to be k-uniform if all of its reductions to k qudits are maximally mixed. Only the uniform states obtained from orthogonal arrays (OAs) are considered throughout this work. The Hamming distances of OAs are specially applied to the theory of quantum information. By using difference schemes and orthogonal partitions, we construct a series of infinite classes of irredundant orthogonal arrays (IrOAs), then answer the open questions of whether there exist 3-uniform states of N qubits and 2-uniform states of N qutrits, and whether 3-uniform states of qudits (d > 2) for high values of N can be explicitly constructed. In fact, we obtain 3-uniform states for an arbitrary number of N ≥ 8 qubits and 2-uniform states of N qutrits for every N ≥ 4. Additionally, we provide explicit constructions of the 3-uniform states of N ≥ 8 qutrits, N = 6 and N ≥ 8 ququarts and ququints, N ≥ 6 qudits having d levels for any prime power d > 6, and N = 8 and N ≥ 12 qudits having d levels for non-prime-power d ≥ 6. Moreover, we describe an explicit construction scheme for the 2-uniform states of qudits having d ≥ 4 levels. The proofs of existence of the 2-uniform states of N ≥ 6 qubits are simplified by using a class of OAs. Two special 3-uniform states are obtained from IrOA(32, 10, 2, 3) and IrOA(32, 11, 2, 3) using the interaction column property of OAs.
Human cell-derived tissue-engineered heart valve with integrated Valsalva sinuses: towards native-like transcatheter pulmonary valve replacements
Authors: Motta Sarah E. , Lintas Valentina , Fioretta Emanuela S. , Dijkman Petra E. , Putti Matilde , Caliskan Etem , Rodriguez Cetina Biefer Héctor , Lipiski Miriam , Sauer Mareike , Cesarovic Nikola , Hoerstrup Simon P. , Emmert Maximilian Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTranscatheter valve replacement indication is currently being extended to younger and lower-risk patients. However, transcatheter prostheses are still based on glutaraldehyde-fixed xenogeneic materials. Hence, they are prone to calcification and long-term structural degeneration, which are particularly accelerated in younger patients. Tissue-engineered heart valves based on decellularized in vitro grown tissue-engineered matrices (TEM) have been suggested as a valid alternative to currently used bioprostheses, showing good performance and remodeling capacity as transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) in sheep. Here, we first describe the in vitro development of human cell-derived TEM (hTEM) and their application as tissue-engineered sinus valves (hTESVs), endowed with Valsalva sinuses for TPVR. The hTEM and hTESVs were systematically characterized in vitro by histology, immunofluorescence, and biochemical analyses, before they were evaluated in a pulse duplicator system under physiological pulmonary pressure conditions. Thereafter, transapical delivery of hTESVs was tested for feasibility and safety in a translational sheep model, achieving good valve performance and early cellular infiltration. This study demonstrates the principal feasibility of clinically relevant hTEM to manufacture hTESVs for TPVR.
A Nonlinear Rate Microsensor utilising Internal Resonance
Authors: Sarrafan Atabak , Azimi Soheil , Golnaraghi Farid , Bahreyni Behraad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicro- and nano-resonators have been studied extensively both for the scientific viewpoint to understand basic interactions at small scales as well as for applied research to build sensors and mechanical signal processors. Majority of the resonant microsystems, particularly those manufactured at a large scale, have employed simple mechanical structures with one dominant resonant mode, such as in timing resonators, or linearly coupled resonant modes, as in vibratory gyroscopes. There is an increasing interest in the development of models and methods to better understand the nonlinear interactions at micro- and nano-scales and also to potentially improve the performance of the existing devices in the market beyond limits permissible by the linear effects. Internal resonance is a phenomenon that allows for nonlinear coupling and energy transfer between different vibration modes of a properly designed system. Herein, for the first time, we describe and experimentally demonstrate the potential for employing internal resonance for detection of angular rate signals, where the Coriolis effect modifies the energy coupling between the distinct drive and sense vibration modes. In doing so, in addition to providing a robust method of exciting the desired mode, the proposed approach further alleviates the mode-matching requirements and reduces instabilities due to the cross-coupling between the modes in current linear vibratory gyroscopes.
Pulmonary MALT Lymphoma has variable features on CT
Authors: Deng Wen , Wan Ying , Yu Jian-qun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common primary pulmonary lymphoma. There are limited studies on imaging features of pulmonary MALT lymphoma. We present the computed tomography (CT) manifestations of pulmonary MALT lymphoma and the correlation between CT manifestations and clinical characteristics. Patients (n = 53) with histologically confirmed pulmonary MALT lymphoma who underwent chest CT scanning were retrospectively analyzed. Evaluated findings included distribution of pulmonary lesions, morphological pattern of appearance, contrast enhancement features, size, presence of thoracic lymphadenopathy, and secondary associated features. Pulmonary MALT lymphoma was observed in multiple (79%) and bilateral (66%) disease with random distribution (≥70%) of pulmonary lesions. The most frequent morphological pattern was consolidation (n = 33, 62%), followed by nodule (n = 23, 43%) and mass (n = 11, 21%). Common associated features were air bronchograms and bronchiectasis, especially cystic bronchiectasis and angiogram sign. Asymptomatic patients had less consolidation and bronchiectasis than did symptomatic patients. Cystic bronchiectasis was only observed in the symptomatic group. In conclusion, pulmonary MALT lymphoma manifests as diverse patterns on CT scans. Consolidation combined with cystic bronchiectasis was a characteristic late sign, which may assist in differential diagnosis. High-resolution CT images and multiplanar reconstruction techniques are helpful for accurately determining imaging manifestations.
Flow Density in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography is Useful for Retinopathy Diagnosis in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Kaizu Yoshihiro , Nakao Shintaro , Arima Mitsuru , Hayami Takehito , Wada Iori , Yamaguchi Muneo , Sekiryu Haruka , Ishikawa Keijiro , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Sonoda Koh-Hei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOur study evaluated the diagnostic capability of flow density (FD) in OCT angiography (OCTA) for diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection in diabetic patients. We studied 93 eyes of 68 diabetic patients who underwent OCTA (36 and 57 eyes without and with DR, respectively). Retinal capillary FD of a 2.6 × 2.6 mm2 area and four divided areas at the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were measured. Predictions were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The diagnostic capabilities of the FDs in discriminating between eyes without DR and eyes with total or early DR were compared. Furthermore, predictions with foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and DM duration were also compared with FD. Prediction using FD AUC in the temporal side in the DCP (0.83) was the highest and significantly better than all other AUCs examined (P < 0.05), including discriminating between eyes without DR and with early DR (P < 0.01). Prediction using this particular AUC was also significantly better than that by FAZ area and HbA1c (P < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). Area-divided FD in OCTA may be valuable for diagnosing retinopathy in diabetic patients.