bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Reduction Technique for Depressed Medial Maxillary Fractures
Authors: Cho Hyun M. , Kim Hyung M. , Hwang Kun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The authors developed a technique for reducing the fractured segment by introducing an elevator through the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO).
Through an upper gingivolabial vestibular incision, the fractured segments were exposed. In cases where no cleft was available for inserting the elevator, the blunt end of a Cottle elevator was inserted into the AMO via a nasal approach. The curved blunt end of a Cottle elevator was inserted into the middle meatus and the AMO was felt at the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. With gentle pressure, the tip was pushed into the maxillary sinus, and then pushed forward about 2 cm. An upward force was applied until the depressed segment was reduced to its original position. Through a gingivolabial vestibular incision, alignment of the reduced segments could be seen. Miniplate fixation can be applied. If the reduced segments are stable or too many segments are present, the fracture can be stabilized using tissue glue.
The authors propose that in medial maxillary fractures where no cleft for the elevator is available, the fractured segment can be mobilized by introducing an elevator through the AMO.
Postextraction Dental Implant in the Aesthetic Zone, Socket Shield Technique Versus Conventional Protocol
Authors: Bramanti Ennio , Norcia Antonio , Cicciù Marco , Matacena Giada , Cervino Gabriele , Troiano Giuseppe , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Laino Luigi 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the survival rate, the marginal bone level, and the aesthetic outcome; at 3 years’ follow-up, of dental implants placed into a high-esthetic aesthetic zone by comparing 2 techniques of postextraction implant with immediate loading: the socket shied technique and the conventional insertion technique.
Several clinical studies suggested that the avulsion of a dental element causes dimensional alterations of both soft and hard tissues at the postextractive site. To increase the aesthetic outcomes, the “socket-shield technique” has been proposed. This method involves maintaining the vestibular root portion and immediate insertion of the dental implant in close proximity to the root.
Patients enrolled in this study were randomized to receive a postextraction implant in the aesthetic zone, either with the socket shied technique or with the conventional insertion technique. Implant survival, marginal bone level, and the pink aesthetic score were the outcomes evaluated.
Implant survival rate was 100% in both the groups at 3 years. Implants inserted with the socket shield technique showed better values of both marginal bone level and pink aesthetic score (P < 0.05).
Although such preliminary results need to be further confirmed, the socket shield technique seems to be a safe surgical technique that allows an implant rehabilitation characterized by better aesthetic outcomes.
The Beneficial Effects of Minimizing Blood Loss in Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Seykora Thomas F. , Ecker Brett L. , McMillan Matthew T. , Maggino Laura , Beane Joal D. , Fong Zhi Ven , Hollis Robert H. , Jamieson Nigel B. , Javed Ammar A. , Kowalsky Stacy J. , Kunstman John W. , Malleo Giuseppe , Poruk Katherine E. , Soares Kevin , Valero Vicente , Velu Lavanniya K. P. , Watkins Ammara A. , Vollmer Charles M. 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
The aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of intraoperative blood loss on outcomes following pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).

Background:
The negative impact of intraoperative blood loss on outcomes in PD has long been suspected but not well characterized, particularly those factors that may be within surgeons’ control.

Methods:
From 2001 to 2015, 5323 PDs were performed by 62 surgeons from 17 institutions. Estimated blood loss (EBL) was discretized (0 to 300, 301 to 750, 751 to 1300, and >1300 mL) using optimal scaling methodology. Multivariable regression, adjusted for patient, surgeon, and institutional variables, was used to identify associations between EBL and perioperative outcomes. Factors associated with both increased and decreased EBL were elucidated. The relative impact of surgeon-modifiable contributors was estimated through beta coefficient standardization.

Results:
The median EBL of the series was 400 mL [interquartile range (IQR) 250 to 600]. Intra-, post-, and perioperative transfusion rates were 15.8%, 24.8%, and 37.2%, respectively. Progressive EBL zones correlated with intra- but not postoperative transfusion in a dose-dependent fashion (P < 0.001), with a key threshold of 750 mL EBL (8.14% vs 40.9%; P < 0.001). Increasing blood loss significantly correlated with poor perioperative outcomes. Factors associated with increased EBL were trans-anastomotic stent placement, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, pancreaticogastrostomy reconstruction, multiorgan or vascular resection, and elevated operative time, of which 38.7% of the relative impact was “potentially modifiable” by the surgeon. Conversely, female sex, small duct, soft gland, minimally invasive approach, pylorus-preservation, biological sealant use, and institutional volume (≥67/year) were associated with decreased EBL, of which 13.6% was potentially under the surgeon's influence.

Conclusion:
Minimizing blood loss contributes to fewer intraoperative transfusions and better perioperative outcomes for PD. Improvements might be achieved by targeting modifiable factors that influence EBL.
Increased Rate of Long-term Mortality Among Burn Survivors
Authors: Mason Stephanie A. , Nathens Avery B. , Byrne James P. , Diong Christina , Fowler Robert A. , Karanicolas Paul J. , Moineddin Rahim , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
To estimate long-term mortality following major burn injury compared with matched controls.

Summary Background Data:
The effect of sustaining a major burn injury on long-term life expectancy is poorly understood.

Methods:
Using health administrative data, all adults who survived to discharge after major burn injury between 2003 and 2013 were matched to between 1 and 5 uninjured controls on age, sex, and the extent of both physical and psychological comorbidity. To account for socioeconomic factors such as residential instability and material deprivation, we also matched on marginalization index. The primary outcome was 5-year all-cause mortality, and all patients were followed until death or March 31, 2014. Cumulative mortality estimates were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the association of burn injury with mortality.

Results:
In total, 1965 burn survivors of mean age 44 (standard deviation 17) years with median total body surface area burn of 15% [interquartile range (IQR) 5–15] were matched to 8671 controls and followed for a median 5 (IQR 2.5–8) years. Five-year mortality was significantly greater among burn survivors (11 vs 4%, P < 0.001). The hazard ratio was greatest during the first year (4.15, 95% CI 3.17–5.42), and declined each year thereafter, reaching 1.65 (95% CI 1.02–2.67) in the fifth year after discharge. Burn survivors had increased mortality related to trauma (mortality rate ratio, MRR 9.8, 95% CI 5–19) and mental illness (MRR 9.1, 95% CI 4–23).

Conclusions:
Burn survivors have a significantly higher rate of long-term mortality than matched controls, particularly related to trauma and mental illness. Burn follow-up should be focused on injury prevention, mental healthcare, and detection and treatment of new disease.
How well do force fields capture the strength of salt bridges in proteins?
Authors: Ahmed Mustapha Carab , Papaleo Elena , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSalt bridges form between pairs of ionisable residues in close proximity and are important interactions in proteins. While salt bridges are known to be important both for protein stability, recognition and regulation, we still do not have fully accurate predictive models to assess the energetic contributions of salt bridges. Molecular dynamics simulations is one technique that may be used study the complex relationship between structure, solvation and energetics of salt bridges, but the accuracy of such simulations depend on the force field used. We have used NMR data on the B1 domain of protein G (GB1) to benchmark molecular dynamics simulations. Using enhanced sampling simulations, we calculated the free energy of forming a salt bridge for three possible ionic interactions in GB1. The NMR experiments showed that these interactions are either not formed, or only very weakly formed, in solution. In contrast, we show that the stability of the salt bridges is slightly overestimated in simulations of GB1 using six commonly used combinations of force fields and water models. We therefore conclude that further work is needed to refine our ability to model quantitatively the stability of salt bridges through simulations, and that comparisons between experiments and simulations will play a crucial role in furthering our understanding of this important interaction.
Big data analysis of mitochondrial DNA substitution models: A regression approach elucidating the effects of codon position and neighboring nucleotides
Authors: Levinstein Hallak Keren , Tzur Shay , Rosset Saharon 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe build on the up-to-date version of Phylotree, a comprehensive and continuously updating phylogeny of global human mtDNA variations (van Oven and Kayser 2009), to better understand the substitution mechanism of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and its most influential factors. We do so by composing Poisson and negative-binomial regression models relating the rate of occurrence of mtDNA substitutions to various factors. Important factors we identify include the identity of the codon at each position, confirming previous findings about the biological significance of different codons for the same amino acid. Importantly, we also identify a significant effect of neighboring sites. This effect cannot be attributed solely to CpG pairs. A similar effect of neighboring sites was recently described for autosomal DNA substitutions, and we speculate it is related to the basic mutational mechanism itself. Once codon composition and context are taken into account, there is no significant difference in substitution rate between different genes in mtDNA.
Addressing basis risk in agricultural margin insurances
Authors: Url Thomas , Sinabell Franz , Heinschink Karin 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
After several reforms of the common agricultural policy, domestic product prices and farm incomes have become more volatile in the EU. Risk-averse farmers are therefore seeking income stabilizing measures. Margin insurance is among the feasible options but is not yet established in the EU. The purpose of this paper is to explore such an insurance under EU conditions for a major crop.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper explores conditions for a viable margin insurance. It presents a modeled-loss trigger for a margin insurance scheme using wheat production in Austria as the case study.

Findings
While margin insurance products are widely used in the USA, such products are not available in the EU. Basis risk seems to be an important reason. An exploration of wheat production in Austria shows that heterogeneity among farms is relevant. The authors demonstrate an approach aiming to lower basis risks.

Research limitations/implications
This paper presents a technically feasible approach to handle the basis risk of a margin insurance under EU conditions. Before such a product can be placed on the market, further research on systemic risk is needed. Market research is necessary to fine-tune the details of the product to meet the actual demand of farmers. Further empirical validation of the modeled losses is needed. Legal implications are not explored in this paper.

Practical implications
The insurance product presented here demonstrates a concept that is established in the USA under EU conditions. It is motivated by several shortcomings of income risk mitigation approaches in the EU.

Social implications
Income risk may be seen as a problem of social policy. The approach shows that it can be addressed by market-oriented instruments.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to propose a tool to handle basis risk for margin insurance products in agriculture in the EU. A special feature of the proposed approach is that it is not limited to a single product such as wheat.
Alternative mentoring: an HRD key for a rapid changing work environment
Authors: Gisbert-Trejo Nuria , Landeta Jon , Albizu Eneka , Fernández-Ferrín Pilar 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The changing nature of work dynamics demands that managers keep up-to-date in skills, knowledge, and competencies. Besides, nowadays these professionals need to understand the business beyond the frontiers of their own organizations. This phenomenon has led to new forms of alternative mentoring for managers and entrepreneurs, as companies battle for talent in a globalized way. Professional associations, consultancy firms, and other agents are starting to offer mentoring programs in which the mentor and mentee often belong to different organizations or take place within a group.

Design/methodology/approach
The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model for alternative mentoring for managers. This model is a new approach to mentoring, and it will try to clarify some of the bases of a phenomenon that is increasingly present in the managerial field.

Findings
The paper also suggests some advantages of alternative mentoring when compared to traditional mentoring.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to a better understanding of new forms of alternative mentoring while providing practitioners in the field with a better understanding of key issues for alternative mentoring.
A new user interface for a text proofreading web portal in a digitization and crowdsourcing context
Authors: Murano Pietro 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present a new user interface design for text proofreading portals in a digitization and crowdsourcing context. Several of the current proofreading portals lack usability in their user interfaces. The aim of the new design is to increase user performance and satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
An empirical experiment has been conducted to evaluate the new user interface as a comparison with 18thConnect – TypeWright proofreading portal. Two of the main measures involved times and errors and this approach is considered to be good for these kinds of measures allowing a good degree of control. Nevertheless, personal opinions are also very important and these are elicited by means of a post-experiment questionnaire.

Findings
The data were statistically analysed and overall the new user interface helped users to perform better in terms of task time. Errors were also better with the new user interface, but the differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, users were more satisfied with the new user interface. User satisfaction measures were mostly statistically significant.

Originality/value
As far as has been ascertained, there have been no systematic studies evaluating a new design with an existing design of a proofreading portal. Therefore, this research is considered to be original, and if implemented widely, it would be very valuable to the mass digitization aims.
Equality or quality? Using within-school ranks to admit disadvantaged medical students
Authors: Chiu Mei-Shiu 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether Taiwan’s “Stars Policy” for university admission can fulfill its major aim to promote educational equity. Implemented by the government, the policy relies on student within-school ranks to admit high achievers to top universities or departments, mainly in medicine.

Design/methodology/approach
Open data were collected from the government, universities, high schools, and news reports. High schools were identified as having benefited from the Stars Policy if more students were accepted into medical departments in the first year of the policy than one year before its implementation. χ2 tests and logistic regression were used to examine how the benefit status interacted with school types and regions.

Findings
The results indicated that the Stars Policy benefited 25 high schools, namely, 9 community public schools (not top achieving in a region) and 16 struggling private schools (especially vocational). Contrary to expectations, private schools were three times as likely and private school students seven times as likely to have benefited from the Stars Policy. Schools located in disadvantaged regions did not benefit.

Originality/value
The Stars Policy is unique given its centralized and school-based system. The design, however, increases educational equity in a manner that fails to benefit disadvantaged students seeking admission to the top-achieving medical departments in Taiwan.
Designing a Writing Program for non-traditional adult students: a case study (HETL Scotland 2017)
Authors: Hayes Nicholas Alexander , Triller Fry Steffanie , Cummings Kamilah 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe, reflect on, and problematize the curricula and student support created by the Writing Program at DePaul University’s School for New Learning. This case study discusses the challenges and considerations that the authors have used to develop writing classes and support for non-traditional adult students.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative case study emerges from the practical experience and theoretical knowledge of the three authors. The experience includes development, implementation, and revision of curricula and support services to fit the changing needs of the non-traditional student population.

Findings
The growing majority of students demonstrate at least one non-traditional characteristic: delayed postsecondary education enrollment, lack of high school diploma, part-time enrollment, full-time employment, multiple dependents besides a spouse, etc. In the face of institutional indifference, these populations frequently fail to receive the support that meets their particular needs.

Practical implications
Using their own experience of creating a Writing Program that meets the needs of adult non-traditional students, the authors discuss practical strategies for and possible pitfalls of providing writing support that can be adapted for similarly underserved student populations.

Originality/value
The paper does present interesting approaches for educating adult students. It covers the unique challenges in this population, and the the approaches that are specifically tailored toward meeting their needs.
Optimising trait and source selection for explaining occurrence and abundance changes: A case study using British butterflies
Authors: Middleton‐Welling Joe , Wade Rachel A. , Dennis Roger L. H. , Dapporto Leonardo , Shreeve Tim G. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFunctional traits that define the ecological role of an organism are increasingly being used to determine and predict responses to environmental change. Functional trait analyses of butterflies remain underexplored compared with other taxa, such as plants. Previous works using butterfly functional traits have not comprehensively addressed issues about the quality of trait datasets used and the relative predictive power of different trait types.We compare the consistency of trait descriptions between six widely used trait sources for the British butterfly fauna. We analysed consistency of trait sources using Fleiss's kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient. Principal component analysis was used to produce species ordinations, comparing outputs to examine which trait sets were better at explaining recent species range and abundance changes within theUK.There was a large range in congruence values for specific traits between sources. No single source can be relied upon to produce accurate trait information for British butterflies. Most trait sets are poor predictors of abundance and occurrence changes but are better at predicting current occurrence. An extensive trait set, supplementing biotope‐related traits with explicit resource‐based information recovers more informative ecological classifications and models than those primarily based on life‐history traits or biotope descriptors. Smaller trait sets do, however, recover the specialist–generalist continuum.We conclude that analyses of distribution and abundance changes that rely on traits are highly dependent on trait source and trait type. For butterflies, traits that are based on measures of biotope occupancy should be avoided in explaining changes of abundance and distribution. Including trait information that describes their resource requirements is essential for such analyses.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Ecological traps for large‐scale invasive species control: Predicting settling rules by recolonising American mink post‐culling
Authors: Melero Yolanda , Cornulier Thomas , Oliver Matthew K. , Lambin Xavier 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Management programmes seeking to reduce the density of invasive species must overcome compensatory processes, such as recolonisation by dispersers from non‐ or partially controlled areas. However, the scale and drivers of dispersal in such contexts are poorly known.

We investigated the dispersal patterns of American mink re‐invading 20,000 km2 of their non‐native range during a culling programme led by citizen conservationists. Using multinomial models, we estimated the contributions of density dependence, proxies for patch quality and distance from the natal patch on mink settlement.

Seventy‐seven per cent of mink dispersed and settled in non‐natal patches. Dispersal distances were large with settlement probabilities only reduced by half at c. 60 km, and 20% of mink dispersing >80 km.

Females were more attracted to high‐quality patches, mostly found at low altitudes. Males favoured patches with intermediate current densities and consistently high quality.

Synthesis and applications. We predicted post‐culling recolonisation by a non‐native mobile carnivore over a large spatial scale by using information on relative densities obtained during management interventions, largely carried out by citizen conservationists. This was possible through continued monitoring of the area designed to feed into the adaptive management process of the control project. High mink mobility dictates management should take place on very large spatial scales to minimise re‐invasion from uncontrolled areas. Our research shows both males and females are attracted to patches with previously consistent occupation, which provides a degree of predictability to patterns of recolonisation. Targeting control to patches that are attractive to immigrant mink requires knowledge of current mink density. Creating so‐called ecological traps in the face of ongoing immigration from peripheral areas provides a promising tool to effectively control mobile invasive species.