bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen von Sedimentkernen des Bodensees I. Profile der polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffe / Investigation on Drilling Cores of Sediments of Lake Constance I. Profiles of the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Grimmer Gernot , Böhnke Heinz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from sediment layers of Bodensee areas differently exposed to environmental burden were determined. 32 PAH and 10 nitrogen containing PAH were identified by comparison with authentic samples.
A method of quantitativ enrichment and gasdiromatographic determination of PAH containing 4-7 rings is described. In a comparative profile analysis only 20 most abundant PAH have been regarded.
Low burdened areas (entre of the lake, 250m deep; Güttingen) show only 10 - 20% of the PAH content of high-burdened areas (mouth of Argen and Schüssen).
The qualitative and quantitative composition of the PAH fraction (PAH-profile) from different layers of a sediment drilling core are very similar whereas profiles from different regions can be distinguished.
The concentration of PAH increases from the surface to a layer with maximum burden (1965 - 1970) and then decreases to a remaining concentration (1900). From the typical PAH profile and some characteristic compounds as e.g. benzo (b) -naphtho (2,1-d) thiophan, benz (a/c) acridines, benzo (a/b/c)-carbazoles, dibenzacridines, and dibenzcarbazoles some potential sources as motor- car traffic, petroleum, fuel oil, and used lubricating oil can be excluded. Coal combustion smoke gas is supposed to be the main source of emission.
Electrophoretic Analyses of the Crop Contents of Helobdella stagnalis (L.) (Hirudinea)
Authors: Keim Albert 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Electrophoretic Pattern, Crop Contents, Identification of Prey Species First, experiments were tested for a new method concerning analyses of crop contents in liquo-somatophagous animals. Disc-electrophoretic separations of the crop contents of Helobdella stagnalis yielded protein patterns typical for the number of bands and for the relative mobilities in these Chironomid larvae, on which H. stagnalis were fed. Additionally, slowly migrating bands occurred in the separations of the crop contents, varying in their number; likewise, an esterase showed a high activity at a crop contents of pH 6.2.
The H+/e Ratio in Chloroplasts is 2. Possible Errors in its Determination
Authors: Saphon Satham , Crofts Antony R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Chloroplasts H+/e Ratio, Buffering Capacities The number of H+ released inside the chloroplast thylakoids per electron flowing to the terminal electron acceptor (the H+/e ratio) has been investigated using a pH indicator dye technique. The apparent H+/e ratio was measured by comparing the absorbance change due to H+-uptake outside the thylakoids in the absence of uncoupling agent, and the absorbance change due to the net H+-production associated with water-splitting after addition of uncoupling agent in the presence of ferricyanide.
(1) The apparent H+/e ratio was found to be higher than 2, using methylamine as uncoupling agent (> 1 mм). It varied with the concentrations of added buffer.
(2) The apparent H+/e ratio obtained with methylamine as uncoupling agent (with or without additional buffer) approached the value of 2 with decreasing concentrations of methylamine.
(3) A consistent H+/e ratio of 2 was also obtained with gramicidin or the nigericin-type ionophore dianemycin over a relatively large concentration range, and did not vary with addition of extra buffer.
(4) The buffering capacity of the chloroplast suspension was estimated and was found to be the same order of magnitude as that of methylamine at the concentrations used.
We suggest that the high H+/e ratios reported 423, 510-523 [1976]) reflect a failure to take account of the change in buffering capacity of the chloroplast suspension on adding uncoupling concentrations of methyl­ amine. Other possible sources of error in the estimation of H+/e ratio by different techniques are also discussed.
Thymineless Death in Escherichia coli
Authors: Samanta Himadri K. , Bhattacharjee Sukhendu B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Bacteria, Thymine Starvation, Recovery, Filamentformers For filament forming strains of Escherichia coli, it is shown that susceptibility to thymine starvation was dependent upon the nature of the plating media. In such bacteria, p art of the induced damages was found to be repairable if the cells after starvation were held in a non-nutrient medium. For non-filament forming bacteria, no such phenomena were observed.
The Tautomeric Conformers for the Molecules of Guanine and Cytosine. Some Rem arks about Their Stability
Authors: Marañon Julio , Sorarrain Oscar M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper we seek to determine the shape of the barrier between the normal and tautomeric conformers for some excited singlet and triplet states in the molecules of guanine and cytosine. The molecules are considered isolated and a particular movement of the H atom is analysed.
The semi-empirical CNDO/2-CI has been used. The calculated results are compared with the available experimental data.
Schwermetalle in Höheren Pilzen, III * Vanadium und Molybdän / Heavy Metals in Higher Fungi, II I. Vanadium and Molybdenum
Authors: Meisch Hans-Ulrich , Schmitt Johannes A. , Reinle Wolfgang 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In several series of 212 samples, higher fungi, especially from the genus Amanita and related genera, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy on their content of the trace metals vanadium and molybdenum. Only vanadium was found to be present in high concentration in the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria), while 22 of its related species showed the normal V-content of the higher fungi tested. A correlation with the presence of molybdenum could not be detected. A special enrichment of Mo was not found in higher fungi. The analysis of several fruit bodies from A. muscaria showed that the highest V-content was present in the bulb and in the lamellae, both contents increasing with age, while the spores contained only 1 - 2% of the lamellar vanadium.
Glycerol Conformation and the Crystal Structure of Lipids II. A Further Study of Tripalmitin and Conformationally Fixed Analogs by Small-Angle X-Ray Diffraction and Reflection Electron Diffraction
Authors: Dorset Douglas L. , Pangborn Walter A. , Hancock Anthony J. , van Soest Ton C. , Greenwald S. M. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The utility of analogs to glycerol-containing lipids based on the configurational isomers of cyclo-pentane-1,2,3-triol for ab initio crystal structure analysis via electron diffraction is assessed further. Such analogs of tripalmitin are examined with the natural triglyceride via low angle X-ray diffraction. The 1,3/2 (all-trans) and 1,2/3 (cis-trans) analogs give long spacing dimensions some 23 Å greater than found for the β-2 form of the natural compound, consistent with the long spacing observed for a β-3 form. The 1,2,3/0 (all-cis) analog gives a long spacing near that of the a-form of the triglyceride. Reflection electron diffraction measurements on the 1,3/2 and 1,2/3 analogs reveal a chain tilt near 60° for both and untilted chains for 1,2,3/0. A more accurate tilt determination from X-ray long spacings of the homologous series of 1,3/2 pseudotrilaurin to 1,3/2 pseudo-tripalmitin confirm the 67° tilt expected for the β-3 form. Therefore, given the same T,, methylene subcell, the molecular packing is very close to natural triglycerides. The subtle influences of the cyclopentane ring are overcome for 1,3/2 analogs based on stearic and arachidic acids. This emphasizes the utility of these structural analogs for ab initio crystal structure determinations of glycerol containing lipids.
Enzymatic Determination of the Anomeric Structures of Two Blood-Group B Active Glycosphingolipids Recombined with Apolipoproteins
Authors: Hanfland Peter , Assmann Gerd , Egge Heinz 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Anomeric configuration of oligosaccharides usually is established by specific glycosidases. For this purpose detergents achieving water solubility of primarily insoluble glycosphingolipids as substrates have been replaced by delipidated hum an serum high density lipoproteins. The new method, tested by several well characterized glycosphingolipids and glycosidases, finally was applied to the evaluation of anomeric structures of two blood-group B active glycosphingolipids [ceramide hexa-saccharide (B-I) and ceramide octasaccharide (B -II)] from hum an erythrocyte membranes. In both B-I and B-II, α-glycosidic linkage was dem onstrated for the term inal galactose and fucose residues. β-glycosidic linkage has been evaluated for backbone saccharides. Together with the results pre­ viously obtained by composition analysis, linkage analysis and sequence analysis the following complete structure can be established:
B -I: Galα1 → 3Gal (2 ← 1αFuc)β1 → 4GlcNAcβ1 → 3Galβ1 → 4Glcβ1 → 1Cer;
B-II: Galα1 → 3Gal (2 ← 1αFuc)β1 → 4GlcNAcβ1 → 3Galβ1 → 4GlcNAcβ1 → 3Galβ1 → 4Glcβ1 → 1Cer.
Psoralen Photosensitization of L 1210 Leukaemia Cells: an Approach to a New Combined Therapy
Authors: Carlassare F. , Baccichetti F. , Bordin F. , Anselmo L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Psoralen photosensitization of L 1210 cells has a strong effect on DNA and RNA syntheses and this result appears connected with the psoralen photobinding to DNA. Protein synthesis is less sensitive and its inhibition seems due to a different photochemical interaction, very likely to the psoralen photobinding to RNA. A combined therapy using cyclophosphamide and L 1210 cells psoralen-photoinactivated was perform ed after the leukaem ia transplant, showing a significant decrease in mortality, even in comparison with the simple treatment with the alkilating drug.
9-Aminoacridine Binding to Chloroplast Membranes in Dark. Reversal by Mg2+
Authors: Bose Salil , Hodi George E. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
9-Aminoacridine (9AA) binds to photosynthetic m em branes of unilluminated chloroplasts in low-salt media. The binding was insensitive to the uncouplers of photophosphorylation. The apparent binding constant was 140 μM . The binding isotherm as a function of 9AA concentration was sigmoid, and approximately 3 mol 9AA/mol chlorophyll was bound at saturating concentrations of 9AA.
Addition of Mg2+ partially reversed the binding of 9AA in chloroplasts in the dark as observed by a Mg2+-induced increase of 9AA fluorescence as well as by spectrophotom etric measurements of free 9AA. It appeared, however, that use of fluorescence techniques for m easuring free 9AA introduced an error in the estimation of the m agnitude of binding, particularly at low concentration of 9AA ( < 7 5 μM). This is probably due to change in fluorescence yield of membrane-bound 9AA on addition of cations. The nature of the binding of 9AA to the thylakoid membranes and the effects of Mg2+ thereupon suggest that both chemical binding of cations and screening of surface charge of the mem branes should be considered in discussing the mechanism of cation action on chloroplast structure and function. Interpretation of these data with respect to heterogeneity of sites of cation action upon or within chloroplast membranes is discussed.
Electromagnetically Induced Fluid Streaming as a Possible Mechanism of the Biomagnetic Orientation of Organisms
Authors: Bamberger Stephan , Valet Günter , Storch Friedrich , Ruhenstroth-Bauer Gerhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The results show that both the direction and the intensity of the geomagnetic field can be sensed within the chamber of a Zeiss Cytopherometer. This suggests that electromagnetically induced fluid streaming might play a role in the perception of the geomagnetic field by organisms, although it is not clear at present in which organ the perception occurs. A basic requirement for such an organ would be an anisotropy of cells or cellular structures. The nervous system with its parallel axons, or specific cells associated with the nervous system, could thus be possible locations of the sensitivity towards magnetic fields.
Die quantitative Bestimmung von Chloroplastenpigmenten im picomol-Bereich mit Hilfe einer isochratischen HPLC-Methode/ A Method for the Quantitative Estimation of Chloroplast Pigments in the Picomole-Range by Use of a Isocratic HPLC-System
Authors: Stransky Harald 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A method is described for the estimation of the pigment content in chloroplasts by means of HPLC. The method is highly sensitive. Less than one picomole of individual pigments - equivalent to 1 milligramme fresh weight of spinach leaves - is needed for quantitative analysis. Analysis time is only 15 min, whereas in routine determination by thin layer chromatography a single sample needs 4 hours to be completed.
Moreover the pigments are protected against desintegration by light and air. Using a isocratic HPLC -method no equilibration of coloumns is necessary, thus permitting four runs per hour.
Reaktionen von naszierenden Chinonen mit β-Alaninmethylester in Essigsäure und in wäßriger Lösung/ Reactions of Nascent Quinones with Methyl β-Alanate in Glacial Acetic Acid and in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Peter Martin G. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Nascent Quinones, Amine Addition In order to generate a model for the reaction of proteins with nascent quinones, catechol and 4-methylcatechol were oxidized with silver-I-oxide in glacial acetic acid or with mushroom tyrosinase (EC 1.10.3.1) in phosphate buffer, respectively. The structures identified indicate that not only the amine reacts with the quinone by the well known addition-oxidation-mechanism, but also that solvent molecules may participate in product formation. The m ain product of the oxidation of catechol in glacial acid is N-(2-carbomethoxyethyl) -phenoxaz-2,3-dione.
Über die Bestimmung von Langperioden-Änderungen am Kollagen/ On the Determination of Changes in the Large Periodic Structure of Collagen
Authors: Nemetschek Th. , Jonak R. , Nemetschek-Gansler H. , Riedl H. , Rosenbaum G. 
Published: August 2018

Changes in the large periodic structure of collagen were investigated with the aid of synchrotron radiation. Following results were obtained:
1) Macroscopic extension results in elastic deformation of the elements which are determinant for the structure.
2) The increase of the large period is not proportional to the macroscopic stress.
3) The interpretation of these facts requires a mechanical coupling between the structural units. Up to extensions of 4% this coupling is produced by means of a viscoelastic matrix.
4) In all probability the polypeptide helices are deformed in an inhomogeneous mode.
The results were set against measurements on human tendon and on artificially crosslinked collagen. The relations between the mechanical behaviour and the change of the large period were compared with the properties of a mathematical model.
Streulichtmessungen an ebenen Lipidmembranen. Modulation des Streulichts durch eine elektrische Wechselspannung an der Membran / Modulation of Light Scattering by an Electric Voltage at Planar Lipid Membranes
Authors: Carius W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Light scattered at a planar lipid membrane is modulated by an electric a. c. voltage across the membrane. This effect is studied by a schlieren optic method. It shows a large contribution from the bilayer/torus border. From the inner part of the membrane no modulation of scattered light was detectable. Membranes were made from egg lecithin + cholesterol/decane in 0.1 n KCl aqueous solution.
Occurrence of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazones in Mycelia of Gyromitra esculenta
Authors: Raudaskoski Marjatta , Pyysalo Heikki 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
N-methyl-N-formylhydrazones, the toxic compounds identified in the fruitbodies of the false morel Gyromitra esculenta, were also found in the mycelia grown from isolated ascospores. The amounts of acetaldehyde N-m ethyl-N-formylhydrazone, the main hydrazone compound of the false morel, varied significantly among the strains studied. Especially low levels occurred in some of the strains isolated from one fruitbody.
Mössbauer Spectroscopy on Oxygenated Sperm Whale Myoglobin: Evidence for an Fe3+-O2
- Coupling at the Active Center
Authors: Bade D. , Parak F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

57Fe Mössbauer spectra of oxygenated sperm whale myoglobin (MbO2) show a well resolved quadrupole doublet with a temperature dependent splitting. The temperature dependence of the corresponding electric field gradient tensor (EFG) can be calculated from a Fe3+ term scheme for the iron at the active center. The Mössbauer spectra as well as the diamagnetic character of the MbO2-complex are then understood by an exchange coupling of the Fe3+-ion with the O2
- oxygen molecule ion. The resulting groundstate is a diamagnetic singlet. In order to keep the whole com­plex diamagnetic at room temperature, an exchange coupling with |J| ≧300cm is necessary. As the whole model is in fair agreement with many other spectroscopic data, it believed to be a good starting point for further detailed calculations.
Improved Methods for Infection of Plant Protoplasts with Viral Ribonucleic Acid
Authors: Dawson J. R. O. , Dickerson P. E. , King Janet M. , Sakai F. , Trim A. R. H. , Watts J. W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Infection of tobacco protoplasts with RNA of tobacco mosaic virus and the bromoviruses has been studied. The quality of the RNA was very important. Ribonuclease activity was controlled by incorporating 5 mᴍ ZnCl2 in the inoculum. Up to 60% infection has been observed with bromovirus RNA but infection with TMV RNA was much less efficient. A procedure for inoculating in 40% polyethylene glycol was developed. High levels of infection were obtained with all the viruses and viral RNA examined.
Conformationally Restricted Adenine Nucleotide Analogs in Mitochondrial Adenine Nucleotide Transport
Authors: Siegfried Karl , Schlimme Eckhard , Ikehara Morio 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The conformationally restricted adenine nucleotide analogs 8,3′anhydro-8-oxy-9-(β-ᴅ-xylofurano-syl) adenine-5′-O-tri (di) -phosphate (I) , and 8,2′-anhydro-8-oxy-9-(β-ᴅ-arabinofuranosyl) adenine-5′-O-tri (di)-phosphate (II), were prepared chemically as their α-32P-labelled compounds and compared with syn-structured 8-bromo AT(D) P in mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocation.
The experimental findings demonstrate that the heterocycle-ribose orientation affects the carrier mediated adenine nucleotide transport very strongly, i. e. a non fixed adenine heterocycle in the anti region is prerequisite for the bound nucleotide to induce the transfer action of the adenine nucleotide carrier.
Über die Synthese einiger Digitalis Anthradiinone / About the Synthesis of some Digitalis Anthraquinones
Authors: Imre Sedat , Ersoy Laie 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
1,2,5-Trihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (4), 2-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-anthraquinone (2) and three dihydroxymonomethyl-anthraquinones (5, 6, 7) have been synthesized. 2 and 4 are new synthetic compounds.
Notizen: Chemilumineszenz von Epoxiden / Chemiluminescence of Epoxides
Authors: Stauff J. , Simo I. , Tsai W . L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Exposite produce chemiluminescence when heated to 50 - 70 °C or treated with nucleophilic substances at room temperature. Initiation by Piperidine in Dimethylsulfoxide allows to determine 5 nmol of Phenyloxirane in 5 ml samples.
Notizen: The Mutagenicity of Dichloroacetaldehyde
Authors: Löfroth Göran 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Dichloroacetaldehyde, a presumed metabolite of the in­ secticides dichlorvos and tridilorphon, is mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsome test. Its mutagenic potency is higher than that of the established mutagen dichlorvos. It is pos sible that the bacterical mutagenicity test only or mainly detects the effect of methylation by dichlorvos.
Pesticides and Honey Bees: The Danger of Microencapsulated Formulations
Authors: Barker Roy J. , Lehner Yolanda , Kunzmann Michael R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Microcapsules designed to improve the safety and persistence of pesticides are about the same size as pollen. Foraging bees collect pollen contaminated with such microcapsules and pack both together into hive combs. Sustained release formulations remain toxic in food stores of the colony. This combination of accumulation and persistence produces prolonged toxicity for bee colonies.
Notizen: The Wax of Calathea lutea (Marantaceae)
Authors: Malterud Karl Egil , Wollenweber Eckhard , P. Luis D. Gómez 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Calathea lutea lives in rain forests of Central America. It produces a conspicuous wax coating on the under surface of the leaves. As contribution to the as yet rather poor chemical knowledge on the Marantaceae, the composition of this wax has been analyzed. By GLC and MS it could be shown to consist mainly of odd numbered re-alkanes and even numbered n-alkanols.
Characterization of the Metamitron Deaminating Enzyme Activity from Sugar Beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Leaves
Authors: Fedtke Carl , Schmidt Robert R. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The enzymatic activity from sugar beet leaves which is responsible for the detoxification of the herbicide metamitron (4-amino-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-6-phenyl-1, 2, 4-triazin-5-one, trade name Goltix®) has been characterized in vitro. The detoxification occurs by rapid deamination in vivo as well as in vitro. However, the deamination in vitro is only maximal under reducing conditions, i. e. with an electron donor and in a nitrogen atmosphere. The electron donor may be cystein, glutathione, dithionite or ascorbate. The enzymatic deamination further requires the addition of cytochrome c and a “supernatant factor”, which may be replaced by FMN, FAD or DCPIP. However, in the presence of FMN or DCPIP cytochrome c is not essential but only stimulatory. The partic­ulate as well as the soluble metamitron deaminating enzyme preparations obtained take up oxygen when supplied with cysteine and FMN. The particulate enzyme appears in the peroxysome-fraction.
It is therefore suggested, that the enzymatic deamination of metamitron in sugar beet leaves is mediated by a proxisomal membrane bound electron transport system which alternatively may reduce oxygen or metamitron (deaminating).
Die Wirkung 2.3-substituierter Naphthochinone auf einzellige Algen und isolierte Spinatchloroplasten/ The Effect of 2,3-Substituted Naphthoquinones on Unicellular Algae and Isolated Spinach Chloroplasts
Authors: Bauer Klaus , Kodier Helmu 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Short term effects of 2-(C-dichloro-acetylamino)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (Hoe 13465, quinonamid*) and 2-amino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (Hoe 17399, 06K-quinone) on cell suspensions of Chlorella vulgaris, Anabaena flos aquae, Porphyridium cruentum, and on isolated spinach chloroplasts were studied.
The results clearly show that both substances inhibit the photosynthetic O2 production of algal suspensions as well as the electron transport of PS II in spinach chloroplasts. PS I is not inhibited by the action of the two algicides. At low concentrations quinonamid acts as a photosynthetic electron transport blocker, whereas Hoe 17399 is a weak inhibitor of photosynthetic electron flow. Mode of action of the two naphthoquinones is discussed.
Both naphthoquinone derivatives can operate as an electron acceptor for PS I at low concentra­tions (10-5-10-6м). In addition there is observed a strong stimulation of dark respiration in algal cells induced by both of the compounds, Hoe 17399 causes a much higher stimulation rate than quinonamid does.