bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burning Characteristics of the HMX/CL‐20/AP/Polyvinyltetrazole Binder/Al Solid Propellants Loaded with Nanometals
Authors: Sergienko Alexey V. , Popenko Elena M. , Slyusarsky Konstantin V. , Larionov Kirill B. , Dzidziguri Ella L. , Kondratyeva Elena S. , Gromov Alexander A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe paper investigated the effect of metal nanopowders additive on the combustion properties of HMX/CL‐20/AP/polyvinyltetrazole binder/Al propellants. Using thermal analysis, the authors described the effect of aluminum, boron, zinc, nickel, copper, and molybdenum and identified the combustion in a pressure range from 4 to 10 MPa with a pressure step of 1 MPa. No significant correlation between the oxidation properties of the n‐Me powders and the combustion properties of propellants was discovered. An addition of nanopowders caused an increase in the propellant burning rate by approximately 30 % for n‐Al, n‐B, n‐Ni, and n‐Mo independent from the pressure values. An addition of n‐Cu resulted in a burning rate increase by a factor of 4.9 due to coppers’ probable catalytic activity during interaction with nitroesters and cyclic nitramines in a solid phase. n‐Zn additive increased the propellant burning rate by factors 2.3 and 3.6 at 4 and 10 MPa, respectively, due to catalytic activity of zinc in a gaseous phase.
In‐water visual ship hull inspection using a hover‐capable underwater vehicle with stereo vision
Authors: Hong Seonghun , Chung Dongha , Kim Jinwhan , Kim Youngji , Kim Ayoung , Yoon Hyeon Kyu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderwater visual inspection is an important task for checking the structural integrity and biofouling of the ship hull surface to improve the operational safety and efficiency of ships and floating vessels. This paper describes the development of an autonomous in‐water visual inspection system and its application to visual hull inspection of a full‐scale ship. The developed system includes a hardware vehicle platform and software algorithms for autonomous operation of the vehicle. The algorithms for vehicle autonomy consist of the guidance, navigation, and control algorithms for real‐time and onboard operation of the vehicle around the hull surface. The environmental perception of the developed system is mainly based on optical camera images, and various computer vision and optimization algorithms are used for vision‐based navigation and visual mapping. In particular, a stereo camera is installed on the underwater vehicle to estimate instantaneous surface normal vectors, which enables high‐precision navigation and robust visual mapping, not only on flat areas but also over moderately curved hull surface areas. The development process of the vehicle platform and the implemented algorithms are described. The results of the field experiment with a full‐scale ship in a real sea environment are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and practical performance of the developed system.
Bipartite field theories and D-brane instantons
Authors: Franco Sebastián , García-Valdecasas Eduardo , Uranga Angel M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe study D-brane instantons in systems of D3-branes at toric CY 3-fold singularities. The instanton effect can be described as a backreaction modifying the geometry of the mirror configuration, in which the breaking of U(1) symmetries by the instanton translates into the recombination of gauge D-branes, which also directly generates the instanton-induced charged field theory operator. In this paper we describe the D-brane instanton backreaction in terms of a combinatorial operation in the bipartite dimer diagram of the original theory. Interestingly, the resulting theory is a general Bipartite Field Theory (BFT), defined by a bipartite graph tiling a general (possibly higher-genus) Riemann surface. This provides the first string theory realization of such general BFTs. We study the general properties of the resulting theories, including the construction of the higher-dimensional toric diagrams and the interplay between backreaction and Seiberg duality. In cases where the non-perturbative effects relate to complex deformations, we show that the procedure reproduces and explains earlier existing combinatorial recipes. The combinatorial operation and its properties generalize to an operation on the class of general BFTs, even including boundaries, relating BFTs defined on Riemann surfaces of different genus.
Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD
Authors: Kooij J.J.S. , Bijlenga D. , Salerno L. , Jaeschke R. , Bitter I. , Balázs J. , Thome J. , Dom G. , Kasper S. , Nunes Filipe C. , Stes S. , Mohr P. , Leppämäki S. , Casas M. , Bobes J. , Mccarthy J.M. , Richarte V. , Kjems Philipsen A. , Pehlivanidis A. , Niemela A. , Styr B. , Semerci B. , Bolea-Alamanac B. , Edvinsson D. , Baeyens D. , Wynchank D. , Sobanski E. , Philipsen A. , McNicholas F. , Caci H. , Mihailescu I. , Manor I. , Dobrescu I. , Saito T. , Krause J. , Fayyad J. , Ramos-Quiroga J.A. , Foeken K. , Rad F. , Adamou M. , Ohlmeier M. , Fitzgerald M. , Gill M. , Lensing M. , Motavalli Mukaddes N. , Brudkiewicz P. , Gustafsson P. , Tani P. , Oswald P. , Carpentier P.J. , De Rossi P. , Delorme R. , Markovska Simoska S. , Pallanti S. , Young S. , Bejerot S. , Lehtonen T. , Kustow J. , Müller-Sedgwick U. , Hirvikoski T. , Pironti V. , Ginsberg Y. , Félegyházy Z. , Garcia-Portilla M.P. , Asherson P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common psychiatric disorders of childhood that often persists into adulthood and old age. Yet ADHD is currently underdiagnosed and undertreated in many European countries, leading to chronicity of symptoms and impairment, due to lack of, or ineffective treatment, and higher costs of illness.Methods The European Network Adult ADHD and the Section for Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (NDAL) of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA), aim to increase awareness and knowledge of adult ADHD in and outside Europe. This Updated European Consensus Statement aims to support clinicians with research evidence and clinical experience from 63 experts of European and other countries in which ADHD in adults is recognized and treated.Results Besides reviewing the latest research on prevalence, persistence, genetics and neurobiology of ADHD, three major questions are addressed: (1) What is the clinical picture of ADHD in adults? (2) How should ADHD be properly diagnosed in adults? (3) How should adult ADHDbe effectively treated?Conclusions ADHD often presents as a lifelong impairing condition. The stigma surrounding ADHD, mainly due to lack of knowledge, increases the suffering of patients. Education on the lifespan perspective, diagnostic assessment, and treatment of ADHD must increase for students of general and mental health, and for psychiatry professionals. Instruments for screening and diagnosis of ADHD in adults are available, as are effective evidence-based treatments for ADHD and its negative outcomes. More research is needed on gender differences, and in older adults with ADHD.
Recent crustal uplift of Precambrian cratons: key patterns and possible mechanisms
Authors: Artyushkov E.V. , Korikovsky S.P. , Massonne H.-J. , Chekhovich P.A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Precambrian cratons cover about 70% of the total continental area. According to a large volume of geomorphological, geological, paleontological, and other data for the Pliocene and Pleistocene, these cratons have experienced a crustal uplift from 100–200 m to 1000–1500 m, commonly called the recent or Neotectonic uplift. Shortening of the Precambrian crust terminated half a billion years ago or earlier, and its uplift could not have been produced by this mechanism. According to the main models of dynamic topography in the mantle, the distribution of displacements at the surface is quite different from that of the Neotectonic movements. According to seismic data, there is no magmatic underplating beneath most of the Precambrian cratons. In most of cratonic areas, the mantle lithosphere is very thick, which makes its recent delamination unlikely. Asthenospheric replacement of the lower part of the mantle lithosphere beneath the Precambrian cratons might have produced only a minor part of their Neotectonic uplifts. Since the above mechanisms cannot explain this phenomenon, the rock expansion in the crustal layer is supposed to be the main cause of the recent uplift of Precambrian cratons. This is supported by the strong lateral nonuniformity of the uplift, which indicates that expansion of rocks took place at a shallow depth. Expansion might have occurred in crustal rocks that emerged from the lower crust into the middle crust with lower pressure and temperature after the denudation of a thick layer of surface rocks. In the dry state, these rocks can remain metastable for a long time. However, rapid metamorphism accompanied by expansion of rocks can be caused by infiltration of hydrous fluids from the mantle. Analysis of phase diagrams for common crustal rocks demonstrates that this mechanism can explain the recent crustal uplift of Precambrian cratons.
The sum of component concentrations as a quality indicator in X-ray electron probe microanalysis of minerals
Authors: Lavrent’ev Yu.G. , Usova L.V. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
X-ray electron probe microanalysis is a complete mineral analysis technique. Therefore, the sum of obtained concentrations can be used as an indicator of the quality of analysis. There are two kinds of errors of the sum of concentrations. The first is related to the deviation of the sum from the basic value and can be called a difference error. The second is the scattering of results around the mean value and can be called an averaging error. The difference error characterizes the reproducibility of the measurements and equals 0.41% at the current precision level. The averaging error characterizes the repeatability of the measurements and equals 0.23%. The difference error can be used as a quality indicator directly during analysis, while the averaging error can be used after analysis of a batch of specimens. According to the modified three-sigma rule, the acceptable sum values of separate analyses are in the range 98.8–100.8%. This range is obviously valid only for an ideal model with a basic sum value of 100%. In real analyses, the basic value deviates from 100% because of the presence of elements which are not detected in the analysis and elements with a variable valence. According to the three-sigma rule, the acceptable scattering of the sum of concentrations around the average value is ±0.7%.
Foundations of petroleum prediction based on the activation of geochemical processes by direct current
Authors: Shigaev V.Yu. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Petroleum prediction in local objects and the applicability of geologic environment parameters in this regard are considered. The proposed guidelines for petroleum potential prediction are based on the analysis of the distribution of typomorphic epigenetic multivalent elements loosely fixed in rocks before and after electric current treatment. The advantage of geoelectrochemical methods providing data on the chemical composition of above-productive deposits is demonstrated.
Identification and isotropy characterization of deformed random fields through excursion sets
Authors: Fournier Julie 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A deterministic application θ:ℝ2→ℝ2 deforms bijectively and regularly the plane and allows the construction of a deformed random field X∘θ:ℝ2→ℝ from a regular, stationary, and isotropic random field X:ℝ2→ℝ. The deformed field X∘θ is, in general, not isotropic (and not even stationary), however, we provide an explicit characterization of the deformations θ that preserve the isotropy. Further assuming that X is Gaussian, we introduce a weak form of isotropy of the field X∘θ, defined by an invariance property of the mean Euler characteristic of some of its excursion sets. We prove that deformed fields satisfying this property are strictly isotropic. In addition, we are able to identify θ, assuming that the mean Euler characteristic of excursion sets of X∘θ over some basic domain is known.
The role of cooperation in spatially explicit economical systems
Authors: Lanchier N. , Reed S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper we are concerned with a model in econophysics, the subfield of statistical physics that applies concepts from traditional physics to economics. Our model is an example of an interacting particle system with disorder, meaning that some of the transition rates are not identical but rather drawn from a fixed distribution. Economical agents are represented by the vertices of a connected graph and are characterized by the number of coins they possess. Agents independently spend one coin at rate one for their basic need, earn one coin at a rate chosen independently from a distribution ϕ, and exchange money at rate µ with one of their nearest neighbors, with the richest neighbor giving one coin to the other neighbor. If an agent needs to spend one coin when his/her fortune is at 0, he/she dies, i.e. the corresponding vertex is removed from the graph. Our first results focus on the two extreme cases of lack of cooperation µ=0 and perfect cooperation µ = ∞ for finite connected graphs. These results suggest that, when overall the agents earn more than they spend, cooperation is beneficial for the survival of the population, whereas when overall the agents earn less than they spend, cooperation becomes detrimental. We also study the infinite one-dimensional system. In this case, when the agents earn less than they spend on average, the density of agents that die eventually is bounded from below by a positive constant that does not depend on the initial number of coins per agent or the level of cooperation.
Compound Poisson approximation of subgraph counts in stochastic block models with multiple edges
Authors: Coulson Matthew , Gaunt Robert E. , Reinert Gesine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe use the Stein‒Chen method to obtain compound Poisson approximations for the distribution of the number of subgraphs in a generalised stochastic block model which are isomorphic to some fixed graph. This model generalises the classical stochastic block model to allow for the possibility of multiple edges between vertices. We treat the case that the fixed graph is a simple graph and that it has multiple edges. The former results apply when the fixed graph is a member of the class of strictly balanced graphs and the latter results apply to a suitable generalisation of this class to graphs with multiple edges. We also consider a further generalisation of the model to pseudo-graphs, which may include self-loops as well as multiple edges, and establish a parameter regime in the multiple edge stochastic block model in which Poisson approximations are valid. The results are applied to obtain Poisson and compound Poisson approximations (in different regimes) for subgraph counts in the Poisson stochastic block model and degree corrected stochastic block model of Karrer and Newman (2011).
Importance sampling of heavy-tailed iterated random functions
Authors: Chen Bohan , Rhee Chang-Han , Zwart Bert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe consider the stationary solutionZof the Markov chain {Zn}n∈ℕdefined byZn+1=ψn+1(Zn), where {ψn}n∈ℕis a sequence of independent and identically distributed random Lipschitz functions. We estimate the probability of the event {Z>x} whenxis large, and develop a state-dependent importance sampling estimator under a set of assumptions on ψnsuch that, for largex, the event {Z>x} is governed by a single large jump. Under natural conditions, we show that our estimator is strongly efficient. Special attention is paid to a class of perpetuities with heavy tails.
Loss mechanism of all-fiber cascaded side pumping combiner
Authors: Lei Chengmin , Chen Zilun , Gu Yanran , Xiao Hu , Hou Jing 
Published: November 2018

Compared with end pumping fiber combiner, one of the advantages for side pumping combiner is the unlimited pumping points, which means multi-point or cascaded side pumping can be realized. However, the loss mechanism of the cascaded structure is rarely discussed. In this paper, we present the numerical and experimental investigation about the loss mechanism of a two-stage-cascaded side pumping combiner based on tapered-fused technique. The influence of loss mechanism on the coupling efficiency and thermal load of the fiber coating is analyzed according to simulations and experiments with different tapering ratios for the first stage. Based on the analysis, a cascaded component with total pump coupling efficiency of 96.4% handling a pump power of 1088 W is achieved by employing 1018 nm fiber laser as the pump source. Future work to further improve the performance of a cascaded side pumping combiner is discussed and prospected.
High power all-fiberized and narrow-bandwidth MOPA system by tandem pumping strategy for thermally induced mode instability suppression
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Xiao Hu , Meng Daren , Liu Wei , Tao Rumao , Leng Jinyong , Ma Yanxing , Su Rongtao , Zhou Pu , Liu Zejin 
Published: November 2018

An all-fiberized and narrow-bandwidth master oscillator power amplification (MOPA) system with record output power of 4 kW level and slope efficiency of 78% is demonstrated. Tandem pumping strategy is tentatively introduced into the narrow-bandwidth MOPA system for thermally induced mode instability (TMI) suppression. The stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect is balanced by simply using one-stage phase modulation technique. With different phase modulation signals, SBS limited output powers of 336 W, 1.2 kW and 3.94 kW are respectively achieved with spectral bandwidths accounting for 90% power of ${\sim}$0.025, 0.17 and ${\sim}$0.89 nm. Compared with our previous 976 nm pumping system, TMI threshold is overall boosted to be ${>}$5 times in which tandem pumping increases the TMI threshold of ${>}$3 times. The beam quality ($M^{2}$ factor) of the output laser is well within 1.5 below the TMI threshold while it is ultimately saturated to be 1.86 with the influence of TMI at maximal output power. Except for SBS and TMI, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) effect will be another challenge for further power scaling. In such a high power MOPA system, multi-detrimental effects (SBS, SRS and TMI) will coexist and may be mutual-coupled, which could provide a well platform for further comprehensively investigating and optimizing the high power, narrow-bandwidth fiber amplifiers.
How much market making does a market need?
Authors: Peržina Vít , Swart Jan M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe consider a simple model for the evolution of a limit order book in which limit orders of unit size arrive according to independent Poisson processes. The frequencies of buy limit orders below a given price level, respectively sell limit orders above a given level, are described by fixed demand and supply functions. Buy (respectively, sell) limit orders that arrive above (respectively, below) the current ask (respectively, bid) price are converted into market orders. There is no cancellation of limit orders. This model has been independently reinvented by several authors, including Stigler (1964), and Luckock (2003), who calculated the equilibrium distribution of the bid and ask prices. We extend the model by introducing market makers that simultaneously place both a buy and sell limit order at the current bid and ask price. We show that introducing market makers reduces the spread, which in the original model was unrealistically large. In particular, we calculate the exact rate at which market makers need to place orders in order to close the spread completely. If this rate is exceeded, we show that the price settles at a random level that, in general, does not correspond to the Walrasian equilibrium price.
Reliability modeling of coherent systems with shared components based on sequential order statistics
Authors: Ashrafi S. , Zarezadeh S. , Asadi M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper we are concerned with the reliability properties of two coherent systems having shared components. We assume that the components of the systems are two overlapping subsets of a set of n components with lifetimes X1,...,Xn. Further, we assume that the components of the systems fail according to the model of sequential order statistics (which is equivalent, under some mild conditions, to the failure model corresponding to a nonhomogeneous pure-birth process). The joint reliability function of the system lifetimes is expressed as a mixture of the joint reliability functions of the sequential order statistics, where the mixing probabilities are the bivariate signature matrix associated to the structures of systems. We investigate some stochastic orderings and dependency properties of the system lifetimes. We also study conditions under which the joint reliability function of systems with shared components of order m can be equivalently written as the joint reliability function of systems of order n (n>m). In order to illustrate the results, we provide several examples.
Frog models on trees through renewal theory
Authors: Gallo Sandro , Rodriguez Pablo M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We study a class of growing systems of random walks on regular trees, known as frog models with geometric lifetime in the literature. With the help of results from renewal theory, we derive new bounds for their critical parameters. Our approach also improves the existing bounds for the critical parameter of a percolation model on trees known as cone percolation.
Implications of radiocarbon ages of organic and inorganic carbon in coastal lakes in Florida for establishing a reliable chronology for sediment-based paleoclimate reconstruction
Authors: Wang Yang , Das Oindrila , Xu Xiaomei , Liu Jin , Jahan Shakura , Means Guy H. , Donoghue Joseph , Jiang Shijun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCoastal lake sediments are valuable paleoclimate archives provided that they can be accurately dated. Here, we report radiocarbon ages of bulk sediment organic matter (OM), plants, shells, particulate OM, and dissolved OM from coastal lakes in Florida. Bulk sediment OM yielded ages that are consistently older than contemporaneous plants and shells, indicating significant radiocarbon deficiencies in sedimentary OM in these lakes. The data show that the OM radiocarbon deficiency varies over time and with location, making it impossible to determine a proper correction factor for radiocarbon ages of bulk sediments from these lakes. As a result, we consider ages obtained from bulk sediment OM from these lakes unreliable. The age reversals in bulk sediment OM observed in the sediment cores are likely caused by rapid increases in erosion and sedimentation resulting from large storm events. The data also show that sedimentation rate can vary considerably within a given lake, implying that an age-depth model established for one core cannot be directly applied to other cores despite their close proximity. Analyses of shells from one of the lakes suggest that fresh/brackish-water shells may serve as a good substrate for radiocarbon dating owing to a small reservoir effect on inorganic carbon.
Rigidity of Ext and Tor with Coefficients in Residue Fields of a Commutative Noetherian Ring
Authors: Christensen Lars Winther , Iyengar Srikanth B. , Marley Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLet 𝔭 be a prime ideal in a commutative noetherian ringR. It is proved that if anR-moduleMsatisfies${\rm Tor}_n^R $(k(𝔭),M) = 0 for somen⩾R𝔭, wherek(𝔭) is the residue field at 𝔭, then${\rm Tor}_i^R $(k(𝔭),M) = 0 holds for alli⩾n. Similar rigidity results concerning${\rm Tor}_R^{\ast} $(k(𝔭),M) are proved, and applications to the theory of homological dimensions are explored.