bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstract B76: High glucose induces breast cancer progression through upregulating PP2Cδ
Authors: Wu Ke , Yu Xiaoting , Yi Xianghua , Ma Lynn , Elshimali Yahya , Liu Yanjun , Zhu Donghui , Wu Yong , Vadgama Jaydutt V. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Breast cancer has a high incidence worldwide. African-American and Hispanic/Latina women have higher mortality from breast cancer than other ethnic groups. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that women with diabetes have increased risk of breast cancer. Diabetes and cancer share many risk factors, but the pathophysiologic relationship between the two diseases is incompletely understood in detail. We observed that exposure of cultured transformed (MCF-7) and normal (MCF-12A) breast epithelial cells to clinically relevant levels of glucose (HG, 22 mM) dramatically suppresses the tumor suppressor p53 acetylation, and, consequently, additively promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Importantly, we found that activation of nuclear phosphatase PP2Cδ (Ppm1d, WIP1) plays a role in the enhancing effects of HG on aggressive phenotypes of these cells. The mechanisms underlying high-glucose stimulation of PP2Cδ involve classical/novel PKCs activation and its downstream target protein GSK3β phosphorylation and inactivation. In addition, HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and subsequent NF-κB activation play a partial role in HG induction of PP2Cδ. HG inhibition of p53 activity and DNA damage-induced apoptosis, as well as induction of cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, were significantly blocked by CCT007093, a known PP2Cδ inhibitor. We conclude that hyperglycemia, via PKC/GSK3β and ROS/NF-κB pathways that are involved in PP2Cδ activation, suppresses the tumor suppressor p53 function and inhibits DNA damage-induced apoptosis, inducing proliferation in the epithelium and the development of breast cancer.
Citation Format: Ke Wu, Xiaoting Yu, Xianghua Yi, Lynn Ma, Yahya Elshimali, Yanjun Liu, Donghui Zhu, Yong Wu, Jaydutt V. Vadgama. High glucose induces breast cancer progression through upregulating PP2Cδ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B76.
Abstract B80: A new inherited gastric cancer form caused by mutations in homologous recombination genes
Authors: Carmona Luis G. Carvajal 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and its risk is partially mediated by inherited factors. The majority of GC heritability, however, remains to be discovered. To identify novel GC genes, we undertook a multistaged approach of whole-exome sequencing (WES), followed by targeted sequencing and genotyping in germline DNA samples from hereditary diffuse GC (HDGC) and isolated GC cases recruited in Europe and Latin America. We also performed WES in 4 available tumor samples to analyze loss of heterozygosity and somatic mutation signature. Our study identified eleven cases with mutations in homologous recombination repair (HR) genes, including seven with PALB2 mutations, three with BRCA1 mutations, and one with a RAD51C mutation. Out of 361 total unrelated GC cases analyzed, 6.45% of the HDGC cases (2 out of 31) and 2.7% (9 out of 330) of isolated/non-HDGC cases had mutations in PALB2, BRCA1, or RAD51C. Most of these mutations are known as pathogenic in other cancer types and three were shared by multiple Hispanic and European cases. None of these mutations were present in 1,170 population-matched controls (P=5.75x10-7). Tumor samples from four mutation carriers exhibited mutational signature indicative of defects in HR pathway. Our results suggest that mutations in HR genes are likely involved in GC susceptibility. Our findings have potential clinical implications as these cases and their families could benefit from risk-reducing surveillance and possibly benefit from platinum or PARP inhibitor-based therapies.
Citation Format: Luis G. Carvajal Carmona, International Gastric Cancer Genetics Collaboration. A new inherited gastric cancer form caused by mutations in homologous recombination genes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B80.
Abstract B90: [Advocate Abstract:] Armorup for life
Authors: Hernandez-Aldama Loriana 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
ArmorUp for LIFE is a nonprofit founded by Loriana Hernandez-Aldama, former news anchor and fitness and health reporter turned leukemia survivor during her one-year fierce battle with AML. Loriana was a clean eat, green drinking yoga enthusiast and at the time of her diagnosis felt like she was in the best shape of her life. She had to put her reporter hat on and dig for answers. Cancer taught her that bad things can still happen but what matters most is how prepared you show up for the fight. Doctors explained that the more fit you are, the more chemotherapy you can get. The more fit you show up the better your chances of success and that those who show up with health issues (diabetes, heart disease and obesity) have their doses lessened because doctors are forced to tiptoe around their illnesses. In the doctors' words, “We can't kill you trying to save you.” From that day forward, Loriana knew this would be the biggest story of her career. ArmorUp for LIFE was born and based on the 5 pillars of helping patients show up fit to the fight so they can meet the medicine halfway and become their own hero. Fighting cancer is a joint effort and Loriana is trying to educate everyone before, during, and after the fight to take action.
Citation Format: Loriana Hernandez-Aldama. [Advocate Abstract:] Armorup for life [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B90.
Abstract C10: Raising HPV awareness in immigrant populations: Are health educators prepared to address health literacy challenges?
Authors: Dawkins-Moultin Lenna , McKyer E. Lisako , McDonald Andrea 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Rates of human papillomavirus virus (HPV) and HPV-related cancers are higher among immigrants, especially those from Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Limited health literacy is also more prevalent among immigrant groups. While education is central to HPV prevention and reduction, there is a dearth of research on health educators' understanding of how to educate populations with health literacy deficits. The purpose of this study was to assess the health literacy knowledge and experience of advanced health education students.
Methods: A modified Health Literacy Knowledge and Experience Survey (HL-KES) was used to collect data from 250 junior and senior students who reported an intention to take the Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES) examination. Descriptive and Spearman rho correlational analyses were conducted.
Results: Composite scores on the 29-item knowledge scale ranged from 5-28. Most students (84%) scored below 70%, and only five percent of the sample scored above 80%. Majority of students reported “never” or only “sometimes” engaging in experiences related to health literacy. There was a significant negative correlation between health literacy knowledge and health literacy experience (ρ = -.189, p &lt; .05).
Conclusion: The results suggest health education students have deficient health literacy knowledge and limited opportunities to develop practical health literacy experience. Professional preparation programs may need to revise their curricula to address health literacy deficiencies in course offerings.
Citation Format: Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, E. Lisako McKyer, Andrea McDonald. Raising HPV awareness in immigrant populations: Are health educators prepared to address health literacy challenges? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C10.
Abstract C34: [Advocate Abstract:] Does culture play a role in cancer survivorship?
Authors: Walker Desiree 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
What is culture and how does it define a cancer patient's survivorship?
Citation Format: Desiree Walker. [Advocate Abstract:] Does culture play a role in cancer survivorship? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C34.
Abstract C45: Development and validation of Children Dietary Inflammatory Index (CDII)
Authors: Khan Samira , Alvarado Christian , Wirth Michael , Shivappa Nitin , Hebert James R. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Introduction: Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for many chronic diseases. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is a literature-derived index developed to measure the inflammatory potential of diet. A Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (CDII) was developed to understand the association between diet and chronic inflammation-related health outcomes in children.
Methods: Food parameters that comprise the CDII include several nutrients like carbohydrates, various vitamins, minerals, and whole foods. To develop a reliable CDII scoring algorithm, aggregate data on children ages 6-14 were obtained from 16 different countries. This forms the basis for a world standard database to which all individuals' intakes can be standardized. Using this global database, CDII scores were calculated using dietary data from children between 6 and 14 years of age (n=3300) who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2010. Construct validation was performed using linear regression models with CDII as the independent variable and C-reactive protein (CRP) as the outcome.
Results: Positive associations were observed between the CDII and CRP (mg/l) (p-value&lt;0.01) among all children. For each one-point increase in CDII (i.e., corresponding to a 12.5% increase in inflammatory potential of the diet as observed in NHANES) CRP increased by 0.053 mg/dl (standard error = 0.01).
Conclusion: Results indicate that the CDII predicts CRP among children aged 6-14 years. Further validation and analyses using NHANES, as well as other data sets, are required to deepen understanding of inflammation in child health and the CDII in predicting inflammation levels in children.
Learning Objectives:
Describe how the CDII was created
Describe the process of construct validation
Discuss the use of CDII as a means for informing primary prevention and for educating physician, parents, and children on the importance of healthy diet to reduce chronic disease rates and to enhance feels of well-being and to improve quality of life.
Acknowledgment: All authors received funding from USDA 2016-01022.
Citation Format: Samira Khan, Christian Alvarado, Michael Wirth, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hebert. Development and validation of Children Dietary Inflammatory Index (CDII) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C45.
Abstract C83: Dynamic Optical Contrast Imaging (DOCI): Oral screening in the underserved
Authors: Pellionisz Peter A. , Harrison Cheng , Taylor Zachary D. , Grundfest Warren , John Maie A. St. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Objective: Oral and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common cancer and disproportionately affects racial minorities via increased incidence and poorer rate of survival. Stage at presentation is one of the strongest prognostic indicators in new diagnoses; patients who present with advanced stage have 5-year survival rates of 42%, compared to patients who present at stage I with 5-year survival rates of 79%. Because five-year survival is directly related to stage at diagnosis, early detection of precancerous OSCC lesions could greatly reduce morbidity and improve patient survival. We aim to demonstrate the utility of a novel tool (Dynamic Optical Contrast Imaging; DOCI) in reliably and accurately delineating tumor tissue from surrounding normal tissues for earlier patient screening.
Methods: OSCC specimens and surrounding tissues from the surgical bed were collected; fluorescence decay images were acquired using our DOCI system. Samples (55 patients) were subsequently processed and histologically assessed by head and neck pathologists. Mean relative fluorescence decay signatures were calculated for tumor, fat, muscle and collagen tissues. Statistical analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results: Statistical significance (P&lt;.05) between muscle and tumor was established for 10 emission wavelengths, collagen and tumor for 8 emission wavelengths, and between fat and tumor for 2 wavelengths.
Conclusion: We demonstrate the utility of DOCI in distinguishing OSCC from surrounding normal tissue. This novel screening tool would permit noninvasive tissue identification in underserved populations by reducing the stage of tumor presentation at diagnoses and subsequently improving patient outcomes.
Citation Format: Peter A. Pellionisz, Cheng Harrison, Zachary D. Taylor, Warren Grundfest, Maie A. St. John. Dynamic Optical Contrast Imaging (DOCI): Oral screening in the underserved [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr C83.
Abstract IA02: Colorectal cancer
Authors: Carethers John M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent and second deadliest cancer in the U.S. with 135,430 cases and 50,260 deaths in 2017. Its pathogenesis stems from genetic susceptibility coupled with environmental interactions in the colon and rectum that synergize ideal conditions for neoplastic growth, initially from benign adenomatous polyps that might progress to carcinoma over several years. However, there is a disparity in morbidity and mortality among races, with African Americans demonstrating the highest incidence and mortality rates and a distribution of cancer that favors metastatic disease at presentation. The causes are likely multifactorial and include environmental factors that directly or indirectly influence the colonic epithelium and stem cells to be primed to commence the neoplastic process; societal factors such as socioeconomic class and access to health insurance; biologic factors such as earlier age development of adenomas and more proximal colon distribution of cancers or the gut microbiome; genetic factors such as higher frequency of somatic KRAS mutations that increase the aggressiveness of CRCs and shifts of the type of microsatellite instability that affect outcome; and immunologic factors such as less granzyme B-expressing T cells within CRCs. Most of these observations have just come in the past 10 years of research. Further biologic studies on environmental and genetic influences would be enhanced with adequate biorepository sources for CRC specimens from a variety of racial backgrounds, as most published data are not obtained from diverse specimens. CRC is preventable, and there is evidence that enhanced screening rates among African Americans can reduce or abolish the observed disparity. The 2017 U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer for the first time included race as a factor in their screening recommendations, moving African Americans from age 50 years to age 45 years to commence CRC screening. Other opportunities to reduce the disparity include improved provider and patient education for screening and patient navigation for screening. Including a diverse population for trials of CRC screening, genome-wide association and other genetic studies, and treatment trials would further identify unique issues for higher-risk populations.
Citation Format: John M. Carethers. Colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.
Abstract IA16: Identifying an epigenetic basis for arsenic-associated bladder cancer in a population in Chihuahua Mexico
Authors: Fry Rebecca C. , Fry Rebecca C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Epidemiologic evidence links chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) to a host of adverse health effects, including cancer of the bladder. This study aimed to identify DNA methylation patterns associated with arsenic and its metabolites in exfoliated urothelial cells (EUCs) that originate primarily from the urinary bladder, one of the targets of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. EUCs from 46 residents of Chihuahua, Mexico were analyzed for genome-wide, gene-specific promoter DNA methylation levels. These were analyzed in relation to intracellular concentrations of total arsenic and arsenic species. A set of 49 differentially methylated genes was identified with increased promoter methylation associated with EUC tAs, iAs, and/or monomethylated As (MMAs) enriched for their roles in metabolic disease and cancer. Notably, no genes had differential methylation associated with EUC dimethylated As (DMAs), suggesting that DMAs may influence DNA methylation-mediated urothelial cell responses to a lesser extent than iAs or MMAs. Further analysis showed that 22 of the 49 arsenic-associated genes (45%) are also differentially methylated in bladder cancer tissue identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) repository. Both the arsenic- and cancer-associated genes were enriched for the binding sites of common transcription factors known to play roles in carcinogenesis, demonstrating a novel potential mechanistic link between iAs exposure and bladder cancer.
Citation Format: Rebecca C. Fry, Rebecca C. Fry. Identifying an epigenetic basis for arsenic-associated bladder cancer in a population in Chihuahua Mexico [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
Abstract IA18: Liver cancer among minority populations in the United States
Authors: McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Liver cancer incidence, the dominant histology of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has been increasing in the U.S. for more than three decades. In comparison with non-Hispanic whites, all other racial/ethnic groups have notably higher incidence rates. For many years, the highest HCC rates occurred among Asians/Pacific Islanders. Recently, however, rates among Asians/Pacific Islanders have declined while rates among all other racial/ethnic groups have increased. As a consequence of the divergent trends, Hispanics are poised to become the group with the highest liver-cancer incidence in the U.S. The group that has seen the greatest increase in rates in the past twenty years, however, is non-Hispanic blacks. By 2030, forecasting models suggest that Hispanics and non-Hispanic blacks will have the highest rates and Asians/Pacific Islanders will have the lowest rates.
Among all racial/ethnic groups in the U.S., males have higher rates of liver cancer than females. The male:female ratio varies from a low of 2.5:1 among American Indians/Alaska Natives to a high of 4.1:1 among non-Hispanic blacks. Males also are diagnosed at a younger average age than females, with the least discrepancy in age occurring among non-Hispanic blacks (2.7 years) and the greatest discrepancy in age occurring among Asians/Pacific Islanders (5.9 years).
A likely explanation for declining HCC rates among Asian/Pacific Islanders is a declining prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the population. Likely explanations for the increasing HCC rates in other racial/groups are the high rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in prior years and the increased prevalence of obesity/diabetes in the population. An analysis of population-attributable risk among persons of ages 65 and older, however, found differences in attributable risk by racial ethnic group. Among non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics, the dominant risk factor was obesity/diabetes. In contrast, HCV infection was the dominant risk factor among non-Hispanic blacks and Asians/Pacific Islanders. These differences in key factors suggest that cancer prevention strategies should be tailored to each specific racial/ethnic group.
Citation Format: Katherine A. McGlynn. Liver cancer among minority populations in the United States [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA18.
Abstract IA26: Developing effective community and health system partnerships to advance health equity and health disparities research
Authors: Barrett Nadine , Ingraham Kearston , Williams Kevin , Lin Pao-Hwa , Eisenson Howard , Chirinos Maritza , Harvey Demetrius , Patierno Steven 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Establishing sustainable and impactful partnerships to advance health equity and health disparities research requires a multipronged approach to assessing and aligning community and organizational priorities toward common goals and objectives. Partnerships to advance health equity and to ensure ongoing and meaningful health disparities research should ideally provide a win-win for community stakeholders and the health system. This often requires a cultural shift regarding how and to what extent academic/medical institutions value and fully engage diverse stakeholders as experts in the research process and delivery of care. At the Duke Cancer Institute, through the Office of Health Equity and Disparities, our intentional stakeholder engagement has led to robust partnerships with diverse community organizations and leaders capitalizing on each other's strengths and expertise. Through this process the DCI, together with the community, has built a sustainable platform to advance health equity through research, capacity building, and open communication.
Citation Format: Nadine Barrett, Kearston Ingraham, Kevin Williams, Pao-Hwa Lin, Howard Eisenson, Maritza Chirinos, Demetrius Harvey, Steven Patierno. Developing effective community and health system partnerships to advance health equity and health disparities research [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr IA26.