bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From challenges to opportunities: navigating the human response to automated agents in the workplace
Authors: Ðula Ivan , Berberena Tabea , Keplinger Ksenia , Wirzberger Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWorkers are increasingly embracing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to optimise various aspects of their operations in the workplace. While AI offers new opportunities, it also presents unintended challenges that they must carefully navigate. This paper aims to develop a deeper understanding of workers’ experiences with interactions with automated agents (AA) in the workplace and provide actionable recommendations for organisational leaders to achieve positive outcomes. We propose and test a simulation model that quantifies and predicts workers’ experiences with AA, shedding light on the interplay of diverse variables, such as workload, effort and trust. Our findings suggest that lower-efficiency AA might outperform higher-efficiency ones due to the constraining influence of trust on adoption rates. Additionally, we find that lower initial trust in AA could lead to increased usage in certain scenarios and that stronger emotional and social responses to the use of AA may foster greater trust but result in decreased AA utilisation. This interdisciplinary research blends a systems dynamics approach with management theories and psychological concepts, aiming to bridge existing gaps and foster the sustainable and effective implementation of AA in the workplace. Ultimately, our research endeavour contributes to advancing the field of human-AI interaction in the workplace.
Thermal and structural analysis of binary mixtures of pyrimidine liquid crystals using modulated differential calorimetry and synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements
Authors: Mitra Smriti , Prasad Akhileshwar , Das Malay Kumar , Das Banani , Upadhyay Anuj , Sagdeo Archana , Yogi Arvind Kumar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present a systematic experimental dataset on the temperature dependence of specific heat capacity in a binary mixture of the second and seventh homologous series of 5-alkyloxy-2-(4-nonyloxy-phenyl) pyrimidine (PhP) liquid crystal compound. These binary mixtures exhibit nematic, smectic-A, and smectic-C phases within a concentration range of x
PhP1 = 0–0.45. The liquid crystalline phases are structurally characterized using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. We determine the apparent molecular length in the nematic phase, smectic layer spacing, average distance between the long axes of molecules, correlation length, and orientational order parameters (<P
2> and <P
4>) as functions of temperature. The tilt angle in the SmC phase is inferred from the layer spacing data. To examine the critical behavior near the nematic to smectic A (NA) and smectic A to the smectic C (AC) phase transitions, we evaluate the critical exponents: α from specific heat capacity, β from the fitting of the temperature-dependent tilt angle, and νǁ
, ν
⊥ from the temperature-dependent longitudinal (ξǁ
) and transverse (ξ
⊥) correlation lengths. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC) measurements indicate the absence of phase shift, latent heat and imaginary specific heat capacity, suggesting that the AC transitions are second-order for all binary mixtures. The results obtained from heat capacity reveal that both the AC and NA transitions exhibit non-universal behaviors with effective exponents lying between the tricritical and 3D-XY values and follow nearly identical curve with decreasing width of the Sm-A and N phases. The Josephson hyper scaling relation is verified for both the NA and AC transitions in different mixtures. Moreover, knowing the heat capacity critical exponent α and the order parameter critical exponent β, the susceptibility critical exponent γ for the AC transition can be estimated from Rushbrooke equality α + 2β + γ = 2, with γ values ranging from 1.015 to 1.313, indicating the system’s crossover character and apparently validating the Rushbrooke equality.
A hybrid piezoelectric–electromagnetic body energy harvester: design and experiment validation
Authors: Guo Hui , Wang Jinyue , Dong Ruihong , Song Yuanyuan , Zhou Ran , Jin Junjie , Xu Fangchao , Sun Feng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rapid advancement of electronic devices and wireless sensors has heightened the demand for energy sustainability and portable power solutions. Traditional human energy harvesters have limitations in harvesting energy from ultra-low-frequency human motion due to issues related to unstable energy output and wearing comfort. To address this challenge, a piezoelectric–electromagnetic hybrid energy harvesting (HP-EEH) structure designed for the hip joint area. This innovative design employs magnetically coupled frequency boosting alongside electromagnetic energy capture to achieve high output power. Firstly, the structure and principle of the energy capture device are introduced, and the electromechanical coupling model of the energy harvester is derived using Hamilton’s principle. Furthermore, the system is numerically simulated, and the voltage output characteristics of the piezoelectric unit and the electromagnetic unit are analyzed by using the finite element analysis software. Finally, the experimental setup of the (HP-EEH) is constructed, and the voltage output characteristics are tested for different swinging angles and positions. The results show that two parts of energy can be captured simultaneously under ultra-low-frequency motion conditions. At a swing angle of 50 degrees, the piezoelectric and electromagnetic units achieved maximum output power values of 14.96 µW at 0.8 Hz and 10.4 µW at 1.2 Hz, respectively. Incorporating the output power of the electromagnetic unit aims to address the power consumption requirements of low-power devices better.
Numerical determination of the threshold magnetic field in superconducting strips and coils triggering dynamic resistance
Authors: Sun Yueming , Ma Jun , You Shuangrong , Badcock Rodney A , Jiang Zhenan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The threshold magnetic field is a key parameter for evaluating the current decay caused by dynamic resistance in superconducting windings and magnets. For a direct current-carrying superconducting slab under an AC parallel magnetic field, the analytical theory clearly shows that there is only one electric central line (ECL) across the slab width at the onset of dynamic resistance. However, threshold magnetic fields in superconducting strips and coils have not been fully investigated. Based on the one-ECL criterion, this paper first presents a method for numerically determining the threshold magnetic field via the evolving internal magnetic field in superconducting strips and coils. By probing transient electromagnetic behaviours, interestingly, we found a distinctive feature of superconducting strips in which a wide region of zero electrical field is observed when dynamic resistance/loss initially occurs. With increasing magnetic fields, this region gradually shrinks and eventually becomes the ECL. More importantly, this numerical method can analyse the local threshold magnetic field in a targeted coil turn. The ability to quantify threshold magnetic field provides clear guidance on the acceptable level of ripple and harmonic magnetic fields for coil windings in superconducting maglev trains and field windings of superconducting machines operating at persistent current mode.
Tensile strain-induced disorder and weak localization in SrRuO3 thin films on (100) KTaO3 substrates
Authors: Alka Km , Chauhan Shital , Singh Sandeep , Siwach P K , Singh H K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
SrRuO3 (SRO) thin (∼12 nm) films have been grown on KTaO3 (001) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The as-prepared films are under enormous in-plane tensile strain, which corresponds to the elastic energy of ∼1.5 MJ. Annealing in oxygen at 900 °C for 6 h relaxes strain, partially lowering the elastic energy. The surface topography shows a transition from granularity as the Ar+O2 pressure increases from 5 mTorr to 200 mTorr, with a simultaneous change in the average surface roughness from 4 nm to 0.8 nm. Annealing transforms the topography to island-type and enhances surface roughness. The films deposited at 5 mTorr are semiconducting, and annealing further enhances the resistivity. The ρ-T of films grown at 200 mTorr shows a metallic behavior with an inflection in the ρ-T at TC ∼ 150 K, FM transition. The low-temperature resistivity upturn shows the disordered nature of these films. The eq.

ρ

T

=

1

σ

0

+
a

T

1

2

+

a

1

T

p

2

+
b

T

α

(p = 2 & α = 2) describes the transport behavior from 2 K to 300 K of 5 mTorr deposited films. In the 200 mTorr deposited film, the above eq. is valid at T < 95 K with p = 2 and α = 1.5. At TC < T ≤ 300 K, the ρ-T follows eq.

ρ

T

=

ρ

0

+

ρ

1

T

α

with α = 1.3 and 1.5 for the as-grown and annealed films. The lower temperature ρ-T upturn appears to have contributions from the disorder-enhanced renormalized e-e interaction (REEI) and weak localization (WL) effects. The magnetoresistance behavior supports a substantial WL effect in the films grown at 200 mTorr. Our results establish a strong correlation between the nature of strain, surface topography, and carrier transport mechanisms.
Study of compact traveling-standing wave relativistic folded waveguide oscillator with low magnetic field operation
Authors: Xue Yuzhe , Xu Che , Du Chuangzhou , Liu Qingxiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this article, a compact Traveling-standing Wave Relativistic Folded Waveguide Oscillator (TSW-RFWO) is proposed, leveraging a 0.3 T guiding magnetic field to address the crucial needs for miniaturization and practicality in high-power microwave systems. The study conducts a thorough analysis of the electromagnetic characteristics of the TSW-RFWO. Its internal traveling-standing wave signal is analyzed. Utilizing the traveling-standing wave slow-wave structure (TSW-SWS), the TSW-RFWO obtains a low Q

e
(external quality factor) of 39. The necessity of compacting the high-power device under low magnetic guiding field is analyzed. Employing a 300 kV, 400 A circular electron beam within a 0.3 T guiding magnetic field, PIC simulations indicate a potential output power of 57 MW at 2.74 GHz, achieving an efficiency of 47.5%.
Investigation of freezeout parameters and other thermodynamic quantities with changing pseudorapidity at 0.9 TeV in pp collisions
Authors: Waqas Muhammad , Hassan Belqees , Alnakhlani Ali , Saidani Taoufik , Ajaz Muhammad , Al Bahir Areej , Haj Ismail Abd Al Karim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The charged particles in different pseudorapidity intervals are analyzed by the thermodynamically consistent Tsallis distribution at 0.9 TeV in proton-proton collisions. We extract the effective temperature, T, and the non-extensive parameter, q. The former decreases while the later increases toward the forward pseudorapidities. Using the parameters T and q obtained from the Tsallis distribution, we calculate the particle density, n, energy density, ε, pressure, P and squared speed of sound, c2

s
at kinetic freezeout. All these quantities are larger at mid-pseudo-rapidity and decrease towards the forward pseudo-rapdity regions.
Analysis of a chronological age-structured epidemic model with a pair of optimal treatment controls
Authors: Das Riya , Das Dhiraj Kumar , Kar T K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are one of the core concerns in epidemiology, and they often lead to a global public health emergency and consequently affect socio-economic sectors. The risk of contracting an infection varies with different age groups in a population. In this investigation, we present a continuous age-structured epidemic model that incorporates a chronological age-dependent bilinear disease incidence rate. We establish the model’s feasibility from the population perspective and derive the basic reproduction number,

R

0

. The analysis reveals that the model consistently exhibits a disease-free equilibrium, and a unique endemic equilibrium emerges whenever

R

0

>
1

. Furthermore, the value of

R

0

determines the stability of the age-structured model. We further formulate an optimal control problem by introducing a pair of age-dependent control variables, namely, (i) pre-cautions or medical care to the latently infected individuals and (ii) treatments or hospitalization of the infected individuals. We aim to minimize the cost of implementing these two controls so that the severity of an epidemic can be mitigated. We derived the adjoint equations to the age-dependent optimal control problem using Gateaux derivatives, then proved the existence and uniqueness of optimal control solution pair using Ekeland’s principle. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to verify the analysis and visualize the solution profiles of the model. Our observations suggest that while both control measures are effective in reducing the impact of the disease, taking precautions proves to be significantly more effective in mitigating the spread of the epidemic.
Three perspectives on entropy dynamics in a non-Hermitian two-state system
Authors: Felski Alexander , Beygi Alireza , Karapoulitidis Christos , Klevansky S P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A comparative study of entropy dynamics as an indicator of physical behavior in an open two-state system with balanced gain and loss is presented. To begin with, we illustrate the phase portrait of this non-Hermitian model on the Bloch sphere, elucidating the changes in behavior as one moves across the phase transition boundary, as well as the emergent feature of unidirectional state evolution in the spontaneously broken

P
T

-symmetry regime. This is followed by an examination of the purity and entropy dynamics. Here we distinguish the perspective taken in utilizing the conventional framework of Hermitian-adjoint states from an approach that is based on biorthogonal-adjoint states and a third case based on an isospectral mapping. In this it is demonstrated that their differences are rooted in the treatment of the environmental coupling mode. For unbroken

P
T

symmetry of the system, a notable characteristic feature of the perspective taken is the presence or absence of purity oscillations, with an associated entropy revival. The description of the system is then continued from its

P
T

-symmetric pseudo-Hermitian phase into the regime of spontaneously broken symmetry, in the latter two approaches through a non-analytic operator-based continuation, yielding a Lindblad master equation based on the

P
T

charge operator

C

. This phase transition indicates a general connection between the pseudo-Hermitian closed-system and the Lindbladian open-system formalism through a spontaneous breakdown of the underlying physical reflection symmetry.
Unravelling the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of hydrogenated amorphous silicon cells for photovoltaics
Authors: Prayogi Soni , Ristiani Deril , D Darminto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This research reveals the application of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in analyzing and improving the performance of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) based photovoltaic cells. As a non-destructive technique, EIS provides deep insight into the electrochemical characteristics of photovoltaic cells, including series resistance, layer capacitance, recombination mechanisms, and charge transport. The impedance data is obtained and analyzed using small AC potential signals at various frequencies via Nyquist diagrams and Bode plots. This analysis allows the identification of resistive and capacitive elements as well as the evaluation of the quality of the interface between the active layer and the electrode. The results show that EIS can identify internal barriers that reduce the efficiency of a-Si: H solar cells, such as dominant recombination mechanisms and inefficient charge transport. Using equivalent circuit models, electrochemical parameters are extracted to reveal cell behavior and performance. In addition, these results also confirm that EIS is an important tool in design optimization and performance improvement of a-Si: H photovoltaic cells, providing a solid scientific basis for the development of more efficient and sustainable solar cell technology. These findings contribute to efforts to increase solar energy efficiency, supporting broader and more effective use of photovoltaic technology in meeting global sustainable energy needs.
Inelastic scattering effects on the inhomogeneous transverse conductivity of liquid metals and plasmas
Authors: Kitamura Hikaru 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
On the basis of the quantum Wigner density operator formalism for multicomponent charged particle systems, the wavenumber (k)- and frequency (ω)- dependent transverse conductivity

σ

T

(
k
,
ω
)

of simple liquid metals is presented for homogeneous (k = 0) and inhomogeneous

k
≠
0

electric fields separately. The theory takes into account correlated density fluctuations of electrons and ions, with their mutual inelastic scattering being described by the ionic dynamic structure factors. Since homogeneous and inhomogeneous fields perturb the diagonal and off-diagonal elements of the density matrix, respectively, the corresponding transport equations exhibit a dissimilarity in their collision terms. In both cases, approximate solutions to the transport equations yield a conductivity of generalized Drude form characterized by the k- and ω-dependent complex relaxation time. It is shown that the

k
→
0

limit of the inhomogeneous conductivity,

σ

T

k
→
0
,
ω

,

coincides with the homogeneous one

σ

ω

in classical ion regime such that

β
ℏ

ω

i

≪
1
,

where β is the inverse temperature and ω
i is a characteristic frequency of ionic density fluctuation; this condition may be satisfied for metals well above melting. At lower temperatures, it is suggested that the (homogeneous) DC conductivity

σ

(
0
)

exceeds the (inhomogeneous) optical conductivity extrapolated to zero frequency,

σ

T

k
→
0
,
0

.

This trend is qualitatively consistent with earlier observations for liquid polyvalent metals.
A frequency reconfigurable antireflection metasurface for GPR
Authors: Li Bo , Guo Linyan , Peng Zhan , Cui Yixin , Guo Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The antireflection metasurface (AM) is employed in ground penetrating radar (GPR) to mitigate the strong reflection of electromagnetic waves at the air-ground interface due to impedance mismatch. However, due to constraints imposed by the relative bandwidth (RBW) and manufacturing processes, these layers tend to exhibit excessive thickness and bulky shape, narrow RBW, and fixed functionality in a passive configuration. This paper presents a novel, dual-band, independent wideband tuning, frequency reconfigurable AM based on varactor diodes with center frequencies of 1.35 GHz and 2.60 GHz. This metasurface possesses positive properties such as a single layer, the ultrathin thickness (0.03 & 0.06λ), the wide RBW (43.3% & 27.4%) and remarkable antireflection. The aforementioned metasurface achieves the described mechanisms and features through the destructive interference theory and the combine element technique. Numerical simulation results of surface currents and electric field energy power demonstrate the antireflection property. The equivalent electromagnetic parameter retrieval results also provide equivalent impedance conditions for non-perfect antireflection. The proposed AM samples demonstrate notable stepwise frequency reconfigurable properties in free-space experiments. The imaging effect after loading this AM is significantly improved in real-world GPR ballast roadbed anomaly detection experiments. This approach provides significant research value and promising prospects across various disciplines, including the stepped-frequency GPR, microwave imaging, and interdisciplinary fields.
Enhancing the electrochemical characteristics of P2-Na0.7Mn0.6Cu0.3Cr0.1O2 cathode materials through morphological manipulation: assessment of rate capability and coulombic efficiency
Authors: Zairov Rustem R , Mohammed Adil Ismael , Abbas Al-Anbari Hayder Hamid , Mansoor Aseel Salah , Radi Usama Kadem , Idean Amir H , Bahair Hala , Janani Baadal Jushi , Fallah Amer Ramadan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Manganese-based layered oxides are regarded as an excellent cathode material for Na-ion batteries. These materials are susceptible to phase transitions, which result in structural instability and constrain their reversible capacity. Layered self-assembled microsphere-type cathodes Na0.7Mn0.6Cu0.3Cr0.1O2 were developed to modify the efficiency of sodium-ion batteries through a technique focused on controlling morphology. The incorporation of organic compounds such as benzoic acid employs molecular design techniques to modify intermolecular interactions and increase the spacing between layers. The self-assembled layered spherical architecture enhances the interface between the cathode and electrolyte, thereby markedly boosting the transport efficiency of sodium ions. Based on the cathode for batteries, it demonstrates a substantial initial capacity of 200.26 mAh g−1 at a current density of 26 mA g−1 within the voltage amount of 1.5–4.1 V, with a capacity retention of 82.69% after 100 cycles.
Twisted complex-variable-function Gaussian model beams with special correlations
Authors: Zhou Yu Jie , Wei Wen Jun , Zhang Hao , Tang Miao Miao , Li He He , Li Xin Zhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We introduce a new class of twisted complex-variable-function Gaussian model (TCVFGM) beams and provide the propagating cross-spectral density (CSD) of optical beams with various correlations. Sufficient conditions are provided to guarantee that the CSD function is physically genuine. We designed an experimental setup to synthesize TCVFGM beams endowed with various correlations using complex transmittance screens. The experimental results of a sinc-correlated TCVFGM source are presented, indicating that the spectral density is present as an array and rotates during propagation. These findings may be useful in beam shaping and particle manipulation.
Time-dependent spin and charge transport in a strain-engineered graphene sheet coupled to a single-molecular magnet
Authors: Javadpour Ayat , Pilehrood Saeid Hessami , Abdollahipour Babak 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recent confirmation shows that graphene is the toughest substance on record and can withstand elastic and reversible deformations exceeding 20%. In this article, we focus on the effect of homogeneous axial tension on graphene-based junctions, where a molecular magnet is coupled to a graphene sheet connected to ferromagnetic leads. We demonstrate that a homogeneous longitudinal strain enhances the oscillatory variations in the spin and charge currents at the time, gate, and bias voltages. In particular, we demonstrate that applying strain makes it possible to control the switching time between the minimum and maximum spin and charge currents. These results can be employed in spintronic devices based on graphene to enhance the control of the device features.