bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response assessment using [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA ligand PET in patients undergoing systemic therapy for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Grubmüller Bernhard , Rasul Sazan , Baltzer Pascal , Fajkovic Harun , D'Andrea David , Berndl Florian , Maj‐Hes Agnes , Grubmüller Karl Hermann , Mitterhauser Markus , Wadsak Wolfgang , Pfaff Sarah , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Hacker Marcus , Kramer Gero , Hartenbach Markus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo assess which parameters of [68Ga]Ga‐PSMA‐11 positron emission tomography (PSMA‐PET) predict response to systemic therapies in metastatic (m) castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In addition, to investigate which of these factors are associated with overall survival (OS).MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the following PSMA‐PET parameters in 43 patients before and after systemic therapies for mCRPC: PSMA total tumor volume (TTV), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), SUVmax, and SUVpeak. prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels and PSMA‐PET/CT(magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) imaging were both performed within 8 weeks before and 6 weeks after systemic therapy. PSMA‐PET and CT (MRI) images were reviewed according to the modified PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Results were compared to PSA response. Univariable survival analyses were performed.ResultsOverall, 43 patients undergoing 67 systemic therapies were included (9 patients radium‐223, 12 cabazitaxel, 22 docetaxel, 6 abiraterone, and 18 enzalutamide). Median serum PSA level before any therapy was 11.3 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.3, 30.1). Delta (d) PSA after systemic therapies was −41%, dTTV 10.5%, dSUVmean −7.5%, dSUVmax −13.3%, dSUVpeak −12%, and dRECIST −13.3%. Overall, 31 patients had dPSA response (46.3%), 12 stable disease (17.9%), and 24 progressive disease (35.8%). All observed PET parameters, as well as the RECIST evaluation, were significantly associated with PSA response (dTTV P = .003, dSUVmean P = .003, dSUVmax P = .011, dSUVpeak P < 0001, dRECIST P = .012), while RECIST assessment was applicable in 37 out of 67 patients (55.2%). Within a median follow‐up of 33 months (IQR = 26, 38), 10 patients (23.3%) died of PC. On univariable survival analyses, neither the investigated PET parameters nor PSA level or RECIST criteria were associated with OS.ConclusionPSMA‐PET provides reliable parameters for prediction of response to systemic therapies for mCRPC. These parameters, if confirmed, could enhance RECIST criteria, specifically concerning its limitations for sclerotic bone lesions.
Use of effective fragment potentials for simulation of excited states in an inhomogeneous environment
Authors: Dubinets Nikita O. , Freidzon Alexandra Y. , Bagaturyants Alexander A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSinglet and triplet spectra of phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode dopants such as bis(2‐methyldibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline)(acetylacetonate)iridium(III) in inhomogeneous amorphous hosts are simulated by time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) using molecular dynamics and effective fragment potentials (EFPs). The EFPs of the host molecules N,N′‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4,4′‐diamine and 4,4′‐bis(N‐carbazolyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl are constructed from small fragments. The procedure for breaking large molecules into fragments and constructing an EFP is presented. It is demonstrated that polarizable inhomogeneous environment affects the position, intensity, and width of the spectral bands and, therefore, should be taken into account in accurate simulations of spectral bands.
Ultrasound markers for prediction of complex gastroschisis and adverse outcome: longitudinal prospective nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lap C. C. M. M. , Pistorius L. R. , Mulder E. J. H. , Aliasi M. , Kramer W. L. M. , Bilardo C. M. , Cohen‐Overbeek T. E. , Pajkrt E. , Tibboel D. , Wijnen R. M. H. , Visser G. H. A. , Manten G. T. R. ,   The FLAMINGO Study Working Group
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo identify antenatal ultrasound markers that can differentiate between simple and complex gastroschisis and assess their predictive value.MethodsThis was a prospective nationwide study of pregnancies with isolated fetal gastroschisis that underwent serial longitudinal ultrasound examination at regular specified intervals between 20 and 37 weeks' gestation. The primary outcome was simple or complex (i.e. involving bowel atresia, volvulus, perforation or necrosis) gastroschisis at birth. Fetal biometry (abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight), the occurrence of polyhydramnios, intra‐ and extra‐abdominal bowel diameters and the pulsatility index (PI) of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were assessed. Linear mixed modeling was used to compare the individual trajectories of cases with simple and those with complex gastroschisis, and logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the strength of association between the ultrasound parameters and outcome.ResultsOf 104 pregnancies with isolated fetal gastroschisis included, four ended in intrauterine death. Eighty‐one (81%) liveborn infants with simple and 19 (19%) with complex gastroschisis were included in the analysis. We found no relationship between fetal biometric variables and complex gastroschisis. The SMA‐PI was significantly lower in fetuses with gastroschisis than in healthy controls, but did not differentiate between simple and complex gastroschisis. Both intra‐ and extra‐abdominal bowel diameters were larger in cases with complex, compared to those with simple, gastroschisis (P < 0.001 and P < 0.005, respectively). The presence of intra‐abdominal bowel diameter ≥ 97.7th percentile on at least three occasions, not necessarily on successive examinations, was associated with an increased risk of the fetus having complex gastroschisis (relative risk, 1.56 (95% CI, 1.02–2.10); P = 0.006; positive predictive value, 50.0%; negative predictive value, 81.4%).ConclusionsThis large prospective longitudinal study found that intra‐abdominal bowel dilatation when present repeatedly during fetal development can differentiate between simple and complex gastroschisis; however, the positive predictive value is low, and therefore the clinical usefulness of this marker is limited. © 2019 Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Glossary of Methodological Approaches
Authors: Bruch Julia , de la Garza-Gil Karina , Ewert Ulf Christian , Hitz Benjamin , Kypta Ulla , Kypta Martin , Müller Ulrich , Petersen Niels , Pindl Kathrin , Skambraks Tanja , Steinbach Sebastian 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis glossary provides a concise overview of all the methods and approaches employed in the reviewed sample studies (see Chaps. 6, 7 and 8). We use the term method in a very broad sense: It comprises all the possible ways of dealing with the sources. The glossary thus gives an impression of how a tool kit for doing premodern economic history could look like. We aim to give you an impression of how the method works, which should help you decide whether this approach may help you deal with your sources and answer the questions that you are studying. Every entry summarises the basic idea underlying this approach. It sketches how the method is applied and which sources and data you need if you want to get meaningful results. The choice of a method for doing a study in premodern economic history depends heavily on the sources that have survived and are available. Every entry thus points out the scope and the limitations of the respective method.
Apathy as a behavioural marker of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Martin Glen P. , McDonald Kathryn R. , Allsop David , Diggle Peter J. , Leroi Iracema 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the longitudinal course of non-motor symptoms, and finding markers to predict cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (PD), are priorities. Previous work has demonstrated that apathy is one of the only behavioural symptoms that differentiates people with PD and intact cognition from those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI-PD). Other psychiatric symptoms emerge as dementia in PD develops.ObjectiveWe explored statistical models of longitudinal change to detect apathy as a behavioural predictor of cognitive decline in PD.MethodsWe followed 104 people with PD intermittently over 2 years, undertaking a variety of motor, behavioural and cognitive measures. We applied a linear mixed effects model to explore behavioural factors associated with cognitive change over time. Our approach goes beyond conventional modelling based on a random-intercept and slope approach, and can be used to examine the variability in measures within individuals over time.ResultsGlobal cognitive scores worsened during the two-year follow-up, whereas the longitudinal evolution of self-rated apathy scores and other behavioural measures was negligible. Level of apathy was negatively (− 0.598) correlated with level of cognitive impairment and participants with higher than average apathy scores at baseline also had poorer cognition. The model indicated that departure from the mean apathy score at any point in time was mirrored by a corresponding departure from average global cognitive score.ConclusionHigh levels of apathy are predictive of negative cognitive and behavioural outcomes over time, suggesting that apathy may be a behavioural indicator of early cognitive decline. This has clinical and prognostic implications.
Large deviations of bivariate Gaussian extrema
Authors: van der Hofstad Remco , Honnappa Harsha 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We establish sharp tail asymptotics for componentwise extreme values of bivariate Gaussian random vectors with arbitrary correlation between the components. We consider two scaling regimes for the tail event in which we demonstrate the existence of a restricted large deviations principle and identify the unique rate function associated with these asymptotics. Our results identify when the maxima of both coordinates are typically attained by two different versus the same index, and how this depends on the correlation between the coordinates of the bivariate Gaussian random vectors. Our results complement a growing body of work on the extremes of Gaussian processes. The results are also relevant for steady-state performance and simulation analysis of networks of infinite server queues.
MPS-FEM Coupled Method for Study of Wave-Structure Interaction
Authors: Zhang Guanyu , Chen Xiang , Wan Decheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractNowadays, an increasing number of ships and marine structures are manufactured and inevitably operated in rough sea. As a result, some phenomena related to the violent fluid-elastic structure interactions (e.g., hydrodynamic slamming on marine vessels, tsunami impact on onshore structures, and sloshing in liquid containers) have aroused huge challenges to ocean engineering fields. In this paper, the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method and finite element method (FEM) coupled method is proposed for use in numerical investigations of the interaction between a regular wave and a horizontal suspended structure. The fluid domain calculated by the MPS method is dispersed into fluid particles, and the structure domain solved by the FEM method is dispersed into beam elements. The generation of the 2D regular wave is firstly conducted, and convergence verification is performed to determine appropriate particle spacing for the simulation. Next, the regular wave interacting with a rigid structure is initially performed and verified through the comparison with the laboratory experiments. By verification, the MPS-FEM coupled method can be applied to fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems with waves. On this basis, taking the flexibility of structure into consideration, the elastic dynamic response of the structure subjected to the wave slamming is investigated, including the evolutions of the free surface, the variation of the wave impact pressures, the velocity distribution, and the structural deformation response. By comparison with the rigid case, the effects of the structural flexibility on wave-elastic structure interaction can be obtained.
Application of geostatistics in facies modeling of Reservoir-E, “Hatch Field” offshore Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria
Authors: Jika H. T. , Onuoha K. M. , Dim C. I. P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLithofacies are very influential in the transmission of fluids within the reservoir. The objective of this study is to use geostatistical techniques of sequential indicator simulation (SISIM) a variogram-based algorithm (VBA), single normal equation simulation (SNESIM) and filter-based simulation (FILTERSIM) of multiple-point geostatistics (MPG) in developing realistic facies model. A reservoir sand package “Reservoir-E” was correlated across five wells in the field. Synthetic seismogram of well HT-1 was generated, and Horizon E picked on seismic section to produce time and depth surfaces of the reservoir. The conditional if statement to generate lithofacies was applied on the extracted volume of shale data within “Reservoir-E,” and the data were inputted in Stanford Geostatistics Modeling Software for facies modeling. The first realization from SISIM was converted to a training image used for MPG. Visually, the MPG algorithm of SNESIM and FILTERSIM produced realization that is substantially better and more realistic than the VBA of SISIM. The magnitude of correlation coefficients of algorithms was carried out using the mean and variance of realizations, the results revealed mean and variance magnitude of correlation coefficients between SISIM and SNESIM with 0.8933 and 0.9637, SISIM and FILTERSIM with 0.8639 and 0.5097 and SNESIM and FILTERSIM with 0.9717 and 0.8603. The results revealed a very good mean and variance magnitude of correlation coefficients between SISIM and SNESIM; good between SISIM and FILTERSIM; and very good mean and variance correlation coefficient between SNESIM and FILTERSIM. The qualitative interpretation of the model built with SNESIM and FILTERSIM clearly detects lithofacies in the field which makes them a better algorithm in facies modeling.
Post-transplant recurrence of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome in children: the Italian experience
Authors: Morello William , Puvinathan Sairaj , Puccio Giuseppe , Ghiggeri Gian Marco , Dello Strologo Luca , Peruzzi Licia , Murer Luisa , Cioni Michela , Guzzo Isabella , Cocchi Enrico , Benetti Elisa , Testa Sara , Ghio Luciana , Caridi Gianluca , Cardillo Massimo , Torelli Rosanna , Montini Giovanni 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a frequent cause of end stage renal disease in children and post-transplant disease recurrence is a major cause of graft loss.

Methods
We identified all children with SRNS who underwent renal transplantation in Italy, between 2005 and 2017. Data were retrospectively collected for the presence of a causative gene mutation, sex, histology, duration of pre-transplant dialysis, age at onset and transplant, HLA matching, recurrence, therapy for recurrence, and graft survival.

Results
101 patients underwent a first and 22 a second renal transplant. After a median follow-up of 58.5 months, the disease recurred on the first renal transplant in 53.3% of patients with a non-genetic and none with a genetic SRNS. Age at transplant > 9 years and the presence of at least one HLA-AB match were independent risk factors for recurrence. Duration of dialysis was longer in children with relapse, but did not reach statistical significance. Overall, 24% of patients lost the first graft, with recurrence representing the commonest cause. Among 22 patients who underwent a second transplant, 5 suffered of SRNS recurrence. SRNS relapsed in 5/9 (55%) patients with disease recurrence in their first transplant and 2 of them lost the second graft.

Conclusions
Absence of a causative mutation represents the major risk factor for post-transplant recurrence in children with SRNS, while transplant can be curative in genetic SRNS. A prolonged time spent on dialysis before transplantation has no protective effect on the risk of relapse and should not be encouraged. Retransplantation represents a second chance after graft loss for recurrence.
Should We Worry About Sponsorship-Induced Bias in Online Political Science Surveys?
Authors: Leeper Thomas J. , Thorson Emily A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPolitical scientists rely heavily on survey research to gain insights into public attitudes and behaviors. Over the past decade, survey data collection has moved away from personal face-to-face and telephone interviewing towards a model of computer-assisted self-interviewing. A hallmark of many online surveys is the prominent display of the survey’s sponsor, most often an academic institution, in the initial consent form and/or on the survey website itself. It is an open question whether these displays of academic survey sponsorship could increase total survey error. We measure the extent to which sponsorship (by a university or marketing firm) affects data quality, including satisficing behavior, demand characteristics, and socially desirable responding. In addition, we examine whether sponsor effects vary depending on the participant’s experience with online surveys. Overall, we find no evidence that response quality is affected by survey sponsor or by past survey experience.
The Effects of Certain and Uncertain Incentives on Effort and Knowledge Accuracy
Authors: Jamieson Thomas , Weller Nicholas 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn many situations, incentives exist to acquire knowledge and make correct political decisions. We conduct an experiment that contributes to a small but growing literature on incentives and political knowledge, testing the effect of certain and uncertain incentives on knowledge. Our experiment builds on the basic theoretical point that acquiring and using information is costly, and incentives for accurate answers will lead respondents to expend greater effort on the task and be more likely to answer knowledge questions correctly. We test the effect of certain and uncertain incentives and find that both increase effort and accuracy relative to the control condition of no incentives for accuracy. Holding constant the expected benefit of knowledge, we do not observe behavioral differences associated with the probability of earning an incentive for knowledge accuracy. These results suggest that measures of subject performance in knowledge tasks are contingent on the incentives they face. Therefore, to ensure the validity of experimental tasks and the related behavioral measures, we need to ensure a correspondence between the context we are trying to learn about and our experimental design.
Isolating the Factors That Govern Fracture Development in Rocks Throughout Dynamic In Situ X‐Ray Tomography Experiments
Authors: McBeck Jessica , Kandula Neelima , Aiken John M. , Cordonnier Benoît , Renard François 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCenturies of work have highlighted the importance of several characteristics on fracture propagation. However, the relative importance of each characteristic on the likelihood of propagation remains elusive. We rank this importance by performing dynamic X‐ray microtomography experiments that provide unique access to characteristics of evolving fracture networks as rocks are triaxially compressed toward failure. We employed a machine learning technique based on logistic regression analysis to predict whether or not a fracture grows from 14 fracture geometry and network characteristics identified throughout four experiments on crystalline rocks in which thousands of fractures propagated. The characteristics that best predict fracture growth are the length, thickness, volume, and orientation of fractures with respect to the external stress field and the distance to the closest neighboring fracture. Growing fractures tend to be more clustered, shorter, thinner, volumetrically smaller, and dipping closer to 30–60° from the maximum compression direction than closing fractures.
Climatology Explains Intermodel Spread in Tropical Upper Tropospheric Cloud and Relative Humidity Response to Greenhouse Warming
Authors: Po‐Chedley Stephen , Zelinka Mark D. , Jeevanjee Nadir , Thorsen Tyler J. , Santer Benjamin D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe response of upper tropospheric clouds and relative humidity (RH) to warming is important to the overall sensitivity of the Earth to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Previous research has shown that changes in hydrologic fields should closely track rising isotherms in a warming climate. Here we show that the distribution of tropical clouds and RH in general circulation models is approximately constant under greenhouse warming when using temperature as a vertical coordinate. By assuming that these fields are an invariant function of atmospheric temperature and that temperature change follows a dilute moist adiabat, we are able to accurately predict cloud fraction and RH changes in the tropical upper troposphere (150–400 hPa) in 27 general circulation models. Our results indicate that intermodel spread in changes of tropical upper tropospheric clouds and RH is closely related to differences in model climatology and could be substantially reduced if model ensembles reliably reproduced observed climatologies.
Machine Learning Analysis of Jupiter's Far‐Ultraviolet Auroral Morphology
Authors: Nichols J. D. , Kamran A. , Milan S. E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe present the first principal component analysis of Jupiter's far‐ultraviolet auroras, in order to identify the most repeatable sources of variation in the auroral morphology. We show that the most recurrent source of variance is emission just poleward of the statistical oval on the dawnside. Further significant repeatable sources of variance are localized expansions of the main emission on the dawnside or duskside and poleward emission near noon and along the duskside. We go on to show using a density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise clustering analysis that the most significant auroral components form six repeatable auroral morphological classes. One class, exhibiting bright main and poleward dusk emissions, occurs solely during solar wind compressions. This presents an important new tool for diagnosing magnetospheric compressions at Jupiter.
Saturn's North Polar Vortex Structure Extracted From Cloud Images by the Optical Flow Method
Authors: Liu Tianshu , Sayanagi Kunio M. , Brueshaber Shawn R. , Blalock John J. , Ingersoll Andrew P. , Dyudina Ulyana A. , Ewald Shawn P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe paper presents velocity fields with ~3‐km spatial resolution of Saturn's north polar vortex (NPV) retrieved using the optical flow method from a sequence of polar‐projected cloud images captured by the Imaging Science Subsystem camera on board NASA's Cassini spacecraft. The fields of the velocity magnitude, velocity variation, relative vorticity, divergence, and second invariant are determined to characterize the flow structures of the inner core of the NPV. The mean zonal and mean meridional velocity profiles of the NPV are compared with previous measurements. We also describe the relevant details of application of the optical flow method to planetary cloud‐tracking wind measurements. The mean zonal velocity profile is consistent with the previous measurements using correlation image velocimetry methods. The small but significant meridional velocity corresponds to outwardly spiraling streams observed in the region near the north pole (NP). The concentrated vorticity and second invariant within 1° planetographic latitude of the NP indicate strong rotational motion of the fluid. An analysis is presented to explore a possible physical origin of the observed spiraling node at the NP.