bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of flow regimes in T‐shaped micromixers: Benchmark between finite volume and spectral element methods
Authors: Galletti Chiara , Mariotti Alessandro , Siconolfi Lorenzo , Mauri Roberto , Brunazzi Elisabetta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) is very appealing to investigate mixing and reaction in microdevices, as it allows easily investigating different operating conditions as well as mixer geometries. This latter aspect is very important as the flow in microdevices is laminar so the mixing between reactants should be promoted by a clever mixer design, aimed at breaking the flow symmetries. Recently time periodic motions that improve mixing have been observed to take place in a T‐junction at low Reynolds numbers. In this case the numerical modelling should be based on direct numerical simulations (DNS), thus involving high computational resources. In this work, two different CFD approaches, i.e., finite volume and spectral element methods, are applied and compared for the analysis of the mixing process in the well known T‐shaped micromixer. Spectral elements methods are particularly suited for DNS; however, they have been scarcely applied to study micromixers, while plenty of works can be found with finite volume methods. The analysis is carried out using both ideal and non‐ideal liquid binary mixtures, the latter presenting a negative fluidity of mixing (i.e., the viscosity of the mixture is higher than that of the pure components). Moreover the numerical results are validated with simple flow visualization experiments.
Response adaptive designs with asymptotic optimality
Authors: Yi Yanqing , Li Xuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article discusses the asymptotic optimality of statistical inference for response‐adaptive designs, which has ethical advantages over traditional methods for clinical trials. The upper bound of statistical power of asymptotically level α tests is derived and the Wald statistic is shown to be asymptotically optimal in terms of achieving the upper bound of the asymptotic power. The rates of coverage error probability of the confidence interval are proven to depend on the convergence rate of the allocation proportions for non‐normally distributed responses. When the response density functions are normal density functions, it is proven that the coverage error probability and type I error rate are of the order . The Canadian Journal of Statistics 46: 458–469; 2018 © 2018 Statistical Society of Canada
With flowers to electrochemistry – new and simple experimental set‐ups
Authors: Beeken Marco , Fallenbeck Malte , Budke Michael 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAuf Grundlage der speziellen Materialeigenschaft von Blumensteckschaummasse, Flüssigkeiten aufzunehmen und diese lange zu speichern, wurden im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes „Durch die Blume – ein chemischer Streifzug durch ein Floristik‐Fachgeschäft“, spannende und innovative elektrochemische Schulversuche konzipiert, die in diesem Artikel vorgestellt werden. Dabei wird Blumensteckschaummasse als „Reaktionsgefäß“ eingesetzt, wodurch eine höhere experimentelle Sicherheit und ein ökonomischer Umgang mit Chemikalien erreicht werden kann. Besonders bemerkenswert ist der einfache und sichere Versuchsbau einer Standard‐Wasserstoffhalbzelle, welche durch den Einsatz von Blumensteckschaummasse erstmals auch als ungefährliches Schülerexperiment durchgeführt werden kann.
Prescription of statins at discharge and 1‐year risk of major clinical outcomes among acute coronary syndromes patients with extremely low LDL‐cholesterol in clinical pathways for acute coronary syndromes studies
Authors: Sun Yihong , Xie Gaoqiang , Patel Anushka , Li Shenshen , Zhao Wei , Yang Xingzi , Wu Tao , Li Min , Li Xian , Du Xin , Hu Rong , Huo Yong , Hu Dayi , Gao Run Ling , Wu Yangfeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate statin description on discharge and the benefit on the long‐term outcomes in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) patients with very low baseline LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐c).MethodsThis is a post‐hoc analysis of 3374 ACS patients who were discharged alive and had baseline LDL‐c levels below 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L). The propensity score of using statin was estimated with a multivariable Logistic model including patient's demography, social economic status, cardiovascular risk factors, subtype of the diagnosis, and treatments received during hospitalization and current LDL‐c level. The risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) was compared between patients received and not‐received statin with Cox‐regression models adjusting for the propensity score plus other factors. A sensitivity analysis was done in propensity score matched patients.ResultsCompared with nonstatin group, the incidence of MACE at 12 months after discharge was lower in the statin group (11.1% vs 5.8%; P < 0.001). The propensity score plus other factors‐adjusted hazard ratios for MACEs was significant (0.58; 95% CI: 0.39, 0.87). The effect showed a significant dose‐response relationship (P for trend = 0.02). The results in analyses with propensity‐score matched participants were in consistent with above findings. Analyses on total mortality in 12 months showed similar results.ConclusionsAmong ACS survivors with a very low baseline LDL‐c, low to moderate intensity statin therapy was associated significantly with lower risk of MACEs and total mortality at 12 months. The results suggested that ACS survivors should take statin regardless of the baseline of LDL‐c.
Reducing signal‐to‐noise ratio degradation due to coil coupling in a receiver array for 35Cl MRI at 9.4 T: A comparison of matching and decoupling strategies
Authors: Malzacher Matthias , Hu Ruomin , Chacon‐Caldera Jorge , Schad Lothar R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNext to conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which utilizes hydrogen nuclei, other nuclei, so‐called X‐nuclei, are of increasing interest since they can provide additional diagnostic information. However, X‐nuclei MRI is challenging due to the lower Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (SNR) compared to 1H (35Cl provides approximately 200 000 times lower SNR than 1H). In order to compete with this challenge, the use of high‐field strengths and optimized hardware is crucial. In this work, a transmit‐only receive‐only (TORO) system for 35Cl MRI at a preclinical 9.4 T scanner is presented, composed of a volumetric birdcage coil and a 3 channel Rx array. SNR degradation despite preamplifier decoupling can no longer be neglected since the resonance frequency of 35Cl is low. This paper will prove the SNR degradation due to the coil coupling of the receiver coils for this setup and evaluate three different approaches to mitigate the SNR degradation. The performance of the different approaches is evaluated via single channel and combined SNR maps using phantom measurements. Finally, the SNR maps acquired with the Rx array are compared to the SNR map acquired using the Birdcage coil as a reference.
Illumination correction of dyed fabrics method using rotation forest‐based ensemble particle swarm optimization and sparse least squares support vector regression
Authors: Zhou Zhiyu , Gao Xu , Zhu Zefei , Hu Xudong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDifferent illuminations adversely affect color difference evaluation of textile images in dyed fabrics. To address the problem, we propose a rotation forest (RF)‐based ensemble particle swarm optimization and sparse least squares support vector regression (RF‐PSO‐SLSSVR) for building an accurate illumination correction model. In our algorithm, grey‐edge is first used to extract the statistics characteristics of the textile image. Second, as the standard LSSVR cannot yield a sparse solution, we develop sparse LSSVR (SLSSVR) by calculating the maximal independent subset in the extracted feature space. Then, SLSSVR is embedded into RF by substituting for the regression tree which is the base learner in the original RF, and the PSO technique is employed to obtain the optimal regularization parameter γ and kernel parameter σ. The final model is obtained by fusing the predictions of the different trees through a weighted average method and RF‐PSO‐SLSSVR is constructed to learn the textile illumination estimation model. To verify the effectiveness of our algorithm, we carry out the experiments on the real dyed fabric images by comparison to several related methods and the performance is measured by the different criterions, including the chromaticity error, the angle error, and the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Compared with the traditional SVR and ELM algorithm, the results show that the RF‐PSO‐SLSSVR method reduces ~13.6% and 10.6% over the angle RMSE.
Imaging Membrane Repair in Single Cells Using Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Croissant Coralie , Bouvet Flora , Tan Sisareuth , Bouter Anthony 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany cells possess the ability to repair plasma membrane disruption in physiological conditions. Growing evidence indicates a correlation between membrane repair and many human diseases. For example, a negative correlation is observed in muscle where failure to reseal sarcolemma may contribute to the development of muscular dystrophies. Instead, a positive correlation is observed in cancer cells where membrane repair may be exacerbated during metastasis. Here we describe a protocol that combines laser technology for membrane damage, immunostaining with gold nanoparticles and imaging by fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which allows the characterization of the molecular machinery involved in membrane repair. Fluorescence microscopy enables to determine the subcellular localization of candidate proteins in damaged cells while TEM offers high‐resolution ultrastructural analysis of the µm²‐disruption site, which enables to decipher the membrane repair mechanism. Here we focus on the study of human skeletal muscle cells, for obvious clinical interest, but this protocol is also suitable for other cell types. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The content and determinants of greenhouse gas emission disclosure: Evidence from Indonesian companies
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Andiningtyas Erika Dwi , Achmad Tarmizi , Haryanto Haryanto , Meiranto Wahyu 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper examined the content and determinants of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission disclosure practices. This study found that the number of firms disclosed is increased from 42.9% in 2011 to 48.1% in 2014. The assessment of risks and opportunities of climate change theme is the most disclosed item. Miscellaneous industries disclosed more GHG emission information compared with any other industry. The results also show that profitability, leverage, company size, and industry are significant determinants that can explain the extent of GHG emission disclosure. The findings of this study indicated that GHG emission disclosures are used as a mechanism to reduce pressures from stakeholders. This study contributes to the GHG emission disclosure literature by providing patterns and determinants of companies' GHG emission disclosure in an emerging country.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation Using Biomass as Hydrogen Source
Authors: Manna Srimanta , Antonchick Andrey P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe developed an operationally simple method for the direct use of biomass‐derived chemical entities in a fundamentally important process, such as hydrogenation. Various carbohydrates, starch, and lignin were used for stereoselective hydrogenation. Employing a transition metal catalyst and a novel catalytic system, the reduction of alkynes, alkenes, and carbonyl groups with high yields was demonstrated. The regioselective hydrogenation to access different stereoisomers was established by simple variations in the reaction conditions. This work is based on an unprecedented catalytic system and represents a straightforward application of biomass as a reducing reagent in chemical reactions.
When green marketing meets reality: selected facts about sustainable house building
Authors: Pohl Sebastian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSince 2012, Life Cycle Engineering Experts (LCEE) have carried out a series of comprehensive studies into the sustainability of market‐relevant (also potentially) construction methods in German housing ([1] to [4]). The methodical basis was a systematic application of the sustainability assessment approach of the Deutsches Gütesiegel Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB) applied to representative model buildings from the detached house and apartment building sectors (see Figs. 1 and 2).The key findings have been compressed into themed fact sheets intended to ensure appropriate knowledge and information transfer to various recipients. As a contribution to less marketing and more reality, the following paper outlines the lessons learnt from selected example fact sheets concerning sustainable housing.
The development of building activity in Germany
Authors: Rast Ronald 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn the last five years, the number of housing units completed in Germany has risen by around 50 %. In 2012, around 200 000 residential units were completed, and by 2017 there will be around 100 000 more. Nevertheless, this increase in residential construction activity continues to be less than the demand. What political framework conditions must the new Federal Government create for demand‐oriented housing construction? What part will building materials and construction methods play in this development? This article provides answers to these questions.
Investigation of the seismic performance of modern masonry buildings during the Emilia Romagna earthquake series
Authors: Rosin Julia , Butenweg Christoph , Cacciatore Pamela , Boesen Niklas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe article presents the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a modern URM building located in the municipality of Finale Emilia in province of Modena, Northern Italy. The building is situated in the centre of the series of the 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes and has not suffered any damage during the earthquake series in 2012. The observed earthquake resistance of the building is compared with predicted resistances based on linear and nonlinear design approaches according to Eurocode. Furthermore, probabilistic analyses based on nonlinear calculation models taking into account scattering of the most relevant input parameters are carried out to identify their influence to the results and to derive fragility curves.
Necessary changes in the residential building sector to achieve the climate protection aims for 2030/2050
Authors: Holm Andreas H. , Stolte Christian , Oschatz Bert 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aims of German energy and climate policy are ambitious: by 2050, emissions of greenhouse gases should be reduced by at least 80 %, ideally by 95 % compared to 1990. In addition, there are the decisions of the Paris Climate Accord, which intends to limit global warming to considerably less than 2°, better to 1.5°. The building sector as is known plays an important role in the energy transition. The transformation of the building industry and its thermal consumption is of decisive importance for the energy transition as a whole. A study recently commissioned by the alliance for building energy efficiency (geea), the German energy agency (dena) and further industry associations with the title ”Scenarios for a market‐based climate and resources policy 2050 in the building sector“ [1] shows clearly that the ”business as usual“ strategy will not suffice in order to even near the climate protection aims in the building sector. The scientific processing was undertaken by the ewi Energy Research & Scenarios, the institute for building services Dresden (ITG Dresden) and the research institute for thermal insulation (FIW Munich). The scope of this article only deals with the share of residential buildings.
Balancing of constructional sound insulation according to DIN 4109:2016‐07 for residential buildings of lightweight concrete
Authors: Krechting Andreas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMusic, talking, traffic noise: even supposedly slight noise nuisance can harm health in the long term. Permanent exposure to normal domestic noise, for example, can lead to a disruption of concentration – loud traffic noise can even lead to an increased risk of heart and circulation complaints. Constructional sound insulation is one of the most important protection aims in building. Improvement of the verification of sound insulation was the main aim of the revision of the DIN 4109:2016‐07 ”Sound insulation in buildings“. Particularly building with lightweight concrete offers several advantages in sound insulation, which have now also been covered in the standard.
Genomic islands of divergence in the Yellow Tang and the Brushtail Tang Surgeonfishes
Authors: Bernardi Giacomo , Nelson Peter , Paddack Michelle , Rulmal John , Crane Nicole 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe current ease of obtaining thousands of molecular markers challenges the notion that full phylogenetic concordance, as proposed by phylogenetic species concepts, is a requirement for defining species delimitations. Indeed, the presence of genomic islands of divergence, which may be the cause, or in some cases the consequence, of speciation, precludes concordance. Here, we explore this issue using thousands of RAD markers on two sister species of surgeonfishes (Teleostei: Acanthuridae), Zebrasoma flavescens and Z. scopas, and several populations within each species. Species are readily distinguished based on their colors (solid yellow and solid brown, respectively), yet populations and species are neither distinguishable using mitochondrial markers (cytochrome c oxidase 1), nor using 5193 SNPs (pairwise Φst = 0.034). In contrast, when using outlier loci, some of them presumably under selection, species delimitations, and strong population structure follow recognized taxonomic positions (pairwise Φst = 0.326). Species and population delimitation differences based on neutral and selected markers are likely due to local adaptation, thus being consistent with the idea that these genomic islands of divergence arose as a consequence of isolation. These findings, which are not unique, raise the question of a potentially important pathway of divergence based on local adaptation that is only evident when looking at thousands of loci.
Variability in leaf wettability and surface water retention of main species in semiarid Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Xiong Peifeng , Chen Zhifei , Jia Zhao , Wang Zhi , Palta Jairo A. , Xu Bingcheng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLeaf wettability, adhesion or repulsion of water drops, varies greatly among species and plays an important role in plant–soil hydrological relations. This study aimed to examine the variability in leaf wettability among species in different habitats and growth periods, and their relationships with plant surface water retention in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. The leaf adaxial and abaxial contact angles, the surface water retention of leaves and individual plants, and general plant traits of 68 species belonging to 28 families were examined from May to August in 2017. Results showed that leaf water contact angles ranged from 27.3° to 133.4° and leaves with higher contact angles normally had lower variation coefficients. Leaf wettability was affected by internal properties (including leaf side, family, and leaf age) and external conditions (growth period), whereas the life form and slope aspect did not show significant effects. There were 47 species having higher contact angles on adaxial than abaxial surfaces, and the differences were significant in 23 species. Gramineous and leguminous species were more unwettable than compositae and rosaceous species. New leaves were more unwettable than old leaves. Surface wettability increased from May–June to July–August period. Leaf wettability was positively correlated with leaf surface water retention and was the best predictor of individual plant surface water retention compared with other plant traits. Leaf wettability showed interspecific differences associated with family and growth stage and can be a considerable variable in predicting canopy interception and evaluating vegetation hydrological function in drought environments.
Coupling of interfacial soil properties and bio‐hydrological processes: The flow cell concept
Authors: Krueger Jiem , Heitkötter Julian , Leue Martin , Schlüter Steffen , Vogel Hans‐Jörg , Marschner Bernd , Bachmann Jörg 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBy applying the newly developed flow cell (FC) concept, this study investigated the impact of small‐scale spatial variations (millimetre to centimetre) in organic matter (OM) composition (diffusive reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy), biological activity (zymography), and wettability (contact angle [CA]) on transport processes (tracer experiments, radiography). Experiments were conducted in five undisturbed soil slices (millimetre apart), consisting of a sandy matrix with an embedded loamy band.In the loamy band increased enzyme activities and OM (10 mm apart) were found compared with the sand matrix, with no interrelations although spatial autocorrelation ranges were up to 7 cm. CAs were increased (0–110°) above the loamy band and were negatively correlated with acid phosphatase. Missing correlations were probably attributed to texture variations between soil slices. A general correlation between CA and C content (bulk) were confirmed. Variability in texture and hydraulic properties led to the formation of heterogeneous flow patterns and probably to heterogeneously distributed interfacial properties.The new FC concept allows process evaluation on the millimetre scale to analyse spatial relations, that is, between small‐scale textural changes on transport processes and biological responses. The concept has been proved as a versatile tool to analyse spatial distribution of biological and interfacial soil properties in conjunction with the analysis of complex micro‐hydraulic processes for undisturbed soil samples. The concept may be improved by additional nondestructive imaging methods, which is especially challenging for the detection of small‐scale textural changes.
The formation of marine kin structure: effects of dispersal, larval cohesion, and variable reproductive success
Authors: D'Aloia Cassidy C. , Neubert Michael G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe spatial distribution of relatives has profound effects on kin interactions, inbreeding, and inclusive fitness. Yet, in the marine environment, the processes that generate patterns of kin structure remain understudied because larval dispersal on ocean currents was historically assumed to disrupt kin associations. Recent genetic evidence of co‐occurring siblings challenges this assumption and raises the intriguing question of how siblings are found together after a (potentially) disruptive larval phase. Here, we develop individual‐based models to explore how stochastic processes operating at the individual level affect expected kinship at equilibrium. Specifically, we predict how limited dispersal, sibling cohesion, and variability in reproductive success differentially affect patterns of kin structure. All three mechanisms increase mean kinship within populations, but their spatial effects are markedly different. We find that (1) when dispersal is limited, kinship declines monotonically as a function of the distance between individuals; (2) when siblings disperse cohesively, kinship increases within a site relative to between sites; and (3) when reproductive success varies, kinship increases equally at all distances. The differential effects of these processes therefore only become apparent when individuals are sampled at multiple spatial scales. Notably, our models suggest that aggregative larval behaviors, such as sibling cohesion, are not necessary to explain documented levels of relatedness within marine populations. Together, these findings establish a theoretical framework for disentangling the drivers of marine kin structure.