bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Urea Oxidation Reaction Through Layered Double Hydroxides: Insights From ZIF‐67‐Derived Nanostructures
Authors: Jeon Yuri , Medvedev Jury , Seong Yeeun , Medvedeva Xenia , Bae Cheongwon , Kim Jeongeon , Klinkova Anna , Kim Juyeong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLayered double hydroxides (LDHs) are ionic layered compounds characterized by anion‐containing intermediate regions within positively charged brucite‐like layers. LDHs have shown high electrochemical activity in energy conversion systems such as batteries and fuel cells. In this study, we developed a hierarchically porous nanostructure derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67, which was subsequently transformed into an LDH structure with varying Ni concentrations. We precisely controlled the Ni‐to‐Co ratio within the LDH structure and investigated how different mole fractions of Co and Ni influence catalytic activity and selectivity for the electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR). LDH structures with low Ni content (up to 40%) demonstrated high activity and selectivity for O2 due to their structural instability and the predominant oxygen evolution reaction (OER) originating from ZIF‐67. In contrast, LDHs with high Ni content (over 60%) supressed OER and exhibited enhanced activity for UOR. The resulting hollow structure with an expanded electrochemically active surface in LDHs with high Ni content could improve mass transport and diffusion at the electrode interface, leading to better reaction kinetics and higher current densities. These findings provide a foundational design guideline for metal–organic framework‐derived nanostructure in UOR.
image
Localizing value of disturbances of self‐integration, depersonalization, and forced thinking: A systematic review
Authors: Etholm Lars , Ivanovic Jugoslav , Larsen Vilde Stangebye , Sneve Markus Handal , Lossius Morten Ingvar , Alfstad Kristin Å. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe performed a systematic review of the localizational value of disturbances of self‐integration, depersonalization and forced thinking in focal epilepsy with the aim to summarize the state‐of‐the‐art anatomo‐clinical correlations in the field and help guide interpretation of ictal semiology within the framework of pre‐surgical evaluation. The review was performed using a PRISMA‐ and QUADAS2‐based approach. Three separate PubMed and EMBASE searches were undertaken using the keywords self‐integration, depersonalization and forced thinking, along with synonyms, in combination with terms to identify epileptogenic zone as defined by surgical outcome, MRI‐findings or intracranially recorded EEG. Studies published in peer‐reviewed journals with an abstract available, limited to English, French, German, Spanish, or Italian were included for review. Abstracts from scientific meetings were included if precise data on semiology in addition to either localization or surgical outcome was presented. Cases were regarded as eligible if data informing on anatomo‐clinical correlations were sufficient to allow determination of an epileptogenic zone and evaluate its level of confidence. For disturbances of self‐integration, the search identified 18 publications containing 23 eligible cases, with 10 additional cases identified in the literature. For depersonalization, a single case from a two patient study fulfilled inclusion criteria. For forced thinking, the search identified two publications containing four eligible cases, with six additional cases identified through literature searches. The retrieved cases suggest that disturbances of self‐integration often reflect an epileptogenic zone centered around the temporoparietal region, where neighboring areas in the parietal lobe, the posterior insula, and likely depending on the type of disturbance also the adjoining occipital lobe, the anterior and middle cingulum, premotor and supplementary motor in addition to medial temporal structures could be involved. When present, lateralized symptomatology reflects a contralateral focus. Depersonalization, as a localizing ictal phenomenon was quite elusive. Forced thinking either pointed to premotor frontal or temporal epileptogenic zones. Currently, outlined epileptogenic zones of ictal disturbances of self‐integration and forced thinking are quite widespread and should be regarded with a low‐to‐moderate degree of reliability. A focus on such rarer ictal phenomena, in combination with improved imaging techniques and increased use of SEEG, will hopefully lead to an accumulation of cases with better defined epileptogenic zones.
Augmented reality for epilepsy surgery: Examining usability and efficacy in presurgical planning
Authors: Chilappa Rishit , Kapuria Abhi , Norwood Jefferson , Yao Athena , Vestal Matthew , Zafar Muhammad Shahzad 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to visualize 3‐dimensional (3‐D) brain and electrode placement data for epilepsy surgery within an augmented reality (AR) environment using a wearable headset, with the ultimate goal of enhancing presurgical planning for epilepsy surgery and understanding the efficiency and utility of such a program in a clinical setting. The evaluation process for surgical intervention in epilepsy cases involves a series of extensive tests, including EEG, MRI, PET, SPECT, and fMRI. A second phase of assessment incorporates the placement of depth electrodes within the brain to record seizure activity. The culmination of these complex data is presented to the neurosurgery team for the formulation of a surgical plan. However, the conventional presentation of intricate 3‐D data on a 2‐dimensional (2‐D) computer monitor limits the ability to convey the full depth and detail of the patient's brain and electrode data.MethodsFive images were selected from a cohort of patients being evaluated for refractory epilepsy at a single center. Their presurgical MRI scans, SEEG electrode data, and CT scans were utilized to generate 3‐D AR representations, which were uploaded onto the Duke Augmented Reality Epilepsy Planner (AREP), an application on the Microsoft HoloLens 2. A survey was administered to faculty members to determine usability and effectiveness of the application.ResultsAR images of the brain and electrodes, allowing resizing, movement, and rotation, with distinct colors differentiating tissue and electrodes, were presented in AREP. The application featured an interactive image manipulation menu. Survey results from 18 faculty members regarding seven questions indicated that AREP was user‐friendly and can be effective in presurgical planning moving forward.SignificanceAR integration of medical imaging data for epilepsy surgery transcends its role as a communication tool. It provides a deeper representation of surgical anatomy and serves as a valuable method for fostering communication among clinicians.
The Impact of Weight Concern in Anorexia Nervosa: How Much From ‘Weight’ and How Much From ‘Concern’?
Authors: Friedman J. Ingrid , Lowe Michael R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn the CBT model of anorexia nervosa, emaciation is assumed to occur because individuals over‐value their weight and shape. However, current BMI (for adolescents, BMI z‐score) may be relevant to psychopathology beyond its relation with weight concern. We explored the relations between BMI/z‐BMI and attempts to change one's eating and/or weight (restraint and eating concern) before and after controlling for weight concern among individuals with AN or atypical AN (AAN).MethodParticipants were 1666 female residential patients with AN or AAN. For those below age 21, we examined the relations between z‐BMI and EDE‐Q Restraint and Eating Concern when Weight Concern was and was not controlled. For adults, we conducted the same analyses using BMI.ResultsBMI and z‐BMI were positively related to weight concern, restraint, and eating concern. When controlling for weight concern, the positive relationships between z‐BMI and both restraint and eating concern became significant negative relationships. This pattern also emerged among adults, though the negative relationship between BMI and restraint did not reach significance.ConclusionsIn AN‐spectrum disorders, (1) BMI/z‐BMI was related to weight/eating concerns despite substantial weight loss and (2) when weight concern was controlled, these relationships between BMI/z‐BMI and restraint/eating concerns were largely reversed.
Reverse Flow Fibula Free Flap: Technique for Intraoperative Flap Salvage in a Case of Inadequate Antegrade Perfusion
Authors: Roof Scott A. , Berger Michael H. , Lam Austin S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe reverse flow technique describes flap revascularization via anastomoses at the distal pedicle. The technique has been described for various indications but rarely as a means of flap salvage. To our knowledge, there are no previously reported cases where the reverse flow concept was utilized as a means of salvage of an osteocutaneous fibula free flap with severe atherosclerosis of the proximal peroneal artery.MethodsWe describe the use of reverse flow to salvage the case of a 71‐year‐old male with significant atherosclerosis of the proximal peroneal artery preventing adequate microvascular anastomosis and inflow, despite multiple attempts.ResultsWe were able to establish arterial perfusion of the flap using a reverse flow technique, with perfusion through the distal peroneal artery via the contralateral facial artery.ConclusionThis case describes the first reported use of the reverse flow technique for salvage of an osteocutaneous fibula free flap when severe atherosclerosis prevented antegrade arterial inflow. The technique appears to be a viable option for free flap salvage in similar instances.
Assessing the Hydrological Impact of Gravity‐Fed Irrigation on Groundwater Recharge Using Long‐Term Isotope Monitoring and Modelling
Authors: Marc Vincent , Tison Franck , Doussan Claude , Dupont Julien , Babic Milanka , Simler Roland , Ruy Stéphane 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the hydrological processes driving groundwater recharge in the Avignon Plain (south‐eastern France) through a detailed analysis of the interactions between irrigation, rainfall and soil water using long‐term isotopic monitoring and lumped parameter modelling. More than 15 years of monthly isotopic data from rainwater, surface water, soil water and groundwater were analysed to quantify the contributions of gravity‐fed irrigation and natural rainfall to aquifer recharge. Our results show that gravity‐fed irrigation contributes about 85% of the recharge, highlighting the significant role of traditional agricultural practices in maintaining groundwater levels. Through isotopic tracing and modelling, we observed variations in transit times, with faster infiltration pathways associated with irrigation flows compared to more prolonged recharge from rainfall. This study not only demonstrates the effectiveness of isotopic techniques for assessing water sources in complex recharge scenarios but also provides insights into how irrigation practices affect groundwater sustainability. These results contribute to current thinking on sustainable water management and highlight the need for integrated approaches that reconcile agricultural water use efficiency and groundwater conservation.
Foundational skills and foundational texts: A focus on Black adolescent males in the United States
Authors: Tatum Alfred W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractI discuss the complementary strengths of foundational literacy skills and foundational texts to support the academic and life journeys of Black adolescent males in this commentary. Foundational texts are defined as texts central to life‐outcome, personal, intellectual, and professional trajectories accompanied by self‐assurance while being psychologically and culturally intact. Five implications, grounded in historical and contemporary examples, are provided for identifying and selecting foundational texts to hold the literacy development and lives of Black adolescent males in high regard in U.S. schools.
Innovation in CRC Research: Targeting SPACA6P‐AS for Progression
Authors: Ma Tianyi , Jin Yinghu , Wang Song , Hu Hanqing , Wang Meng , Yan Guoqing , Tang Qingchao , Huang Rui , Wang Guiyu 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to provide light on the functional role that the long noncoding RNA SPACA6P‐AS plays in the biology of colorectal cancer (CRC). The presence of elevated SPACA6P‐AS expression in colorectal cancer tissues is linked to advanced stages of the disease as well as a decreased overall survival rate. It has been demonstrated through knockdown tests conducted on CRC cell lines that SPACA6P‐AS stimulates cell growth in both in vitro and in vivo settings. By acting as a competing endogenous RNA, SPACA6P‐AS is able to modulate the levels of miR‐339‐5p and promote the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by way of the miR‐339‐5p/FAM167AFAM167A signaling axis. Based on these findings, SPACA6P‐AS is a promising candidate for both a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
The Impact of Survival Benefit and Study Design on FDA Approval for Anticancer Drugs Over the Past Decades
Authors: Ishizuka Koji , Ono Shunsuke 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDespite the tremendous effort in the oncology community, the success rate of anticancer development remained low at 30% to 40% from the Phase 3 study to the regulatory approval. The factors associated with the regulatory approval for market authorization have gained interest in the community to improve the success rate of drug development. Using the data from 208 Phase 3 studies for anticancer drugs, we explored the possible factors associated with the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) approval by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The model incorporated 21 factors from therapeutic context, study design, and outcomes. The hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) showed a significant association with FDA approval (coefficient: −29.907, P < .001), and the age of control drugs in the market followed (coefficient: −2.581, P = .008). In the model, if the HR for OS changes from 0.75 to 0.85, the probability of FDA approval remarkably decreases from 79.6% to 16.4%. A 50% likelihood of FDA approval is predicted at HR 0.795 for OS. Furthermore, the P‐value for the OS test and the width of the confidence interval on HR for OS showed a significant association with the probability of FDA approval. These findings consistently underscore the rigorous standard required for new anticancer drugs to obtain regulatory approval from the FDA.
It is time for reform: Results from a questionnaire survey on the current status of next generation HBP surgeons in Japan
Authors: Kosai‐Fujimoto Yukiko , Yoh Tomoaki , Hara Takanobu , Umezawa Saori , Maekawa Aya , Matsuo Yasuko , Ishii Norihiro , Okinaga Hiroko , Endo Itaru , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Eguchi Susumu , Shirabe Ken 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA questionnaire survey was designed and performed to assess the current status of “next generation” hepatobiliary and pancreatic (HBP) surgeons regarding surgical training, career, recruiting, and work‐life balance in Japan. Using a valid email address, a questionnaire was sent to members of the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgeons (JSHBPS) who were under 45 years old. The questionnaire comprised 50 questions across the following four sections: (i) board certification of JSHBPS, (ii) research activity and overseas study, (iii) recruiting, and (iv) work‐life balance. A questionnaire survey was sent to 1735 HBP surgeons and responses were received from 303 members (17.5%). In a survey with 303 respondents, over 45.9% were above 41 years old, 93.7% were male, and 91.0% were affiliated with university surgery departments. About 25.1% were JSHBPS board‐certified, while 72.7% of uncertified doctors aspired for the certification. Research activity was deemed crucial by 74.9%. Recruitment targeting postgraduate years 1–5 was recommended, with the technical difficulty of surgery being the main reason for choosing HBP. Regarding work‐life balance, excessive work and classical work style were regarded as a hindrance to the sustainability of working practices. This survey highlighted that next generation HBP surgeons are highly motivated to acquire advanced surgical skills and recognize the importance of research experience. However, they are facing long working hours and insufficient training opportunities. Fundamental reforms, such as revising the training curriculum, improving work styles, and enhancing recruitment, are necessary steps forward to ensure the sustainability of HBP surgery in Japan.
Improving the Detection of Myelin Integrity in Multiple Sclerosis Using Selective Inversion Recovery for MRI With Quantitative Magnetization Transfer
Authors: Toubasi Ahmad A. , Lakhani Dhairya A. , Cutter Gary , Gheen Caroline , Vinarsky Taegan , Brian Eric , Derwenskus Joy , Eaton James E. , Dortch Richard D. , Xu Junzhong , Bagnato Francesca 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundSelective inversion recovery quantitative magnetization transfer (SIR‐qMT)‐derived macromolecular to free water pool size ratio (PSR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)‐derived radial diffusivity (RD) are potential metrics for assessing myelin integrity in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, establishing their accuracy in identifying tissue injury is essential for clinical translation.PurposeTo compare the accuracy and Cohen's effect size (ES) of PSR and RD in detecting and quantifying tissue injury in early MS.Study TypeCross‐sectional prospective study.SubjectsFourty‐three subjects with newly diagnosed MS (mean age 38 ± 11 years, 70% females) and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HCs; age 38 ± 12 years, 62.5% females).Field Strength/Sequence3‐T MRI using T1‐weighted (T1‐w) turbo spin echo, T2‐w fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), DTI, and SIR‐qMT sequences.AssessmentT2‐lesions were identified as hyperintense on T2‐w‐FLAIR, and chronic black holes (cBHs) by simultaneous T2‐w‐FLAIR hyperintensity and T1‐w hypointensity. Regions of interest (ROIs) in normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) were classified as proximal (p) or distant (d) to lesions, while normal white matter (NWM) was identified in HCs. PSR and RD values of T2‐lesions and cBHs were compared to their matched p/dNAWM and NWM in HCs. Comparisons were also made between T2‐lesions and cBHs.Statistical TestsReceiver operating characteristic curves evaluated metric accuracy, and paired t tests compared ES values of PSR and RD, with significance set at P < 0.050.ResultsWe identified 823 T2‐lesions, 392 cBHs, 426 p‐, and 213 d‐NAWM ROIs in patients, and 162 NWM ROIs in HCs. PSR differed significantly in all comparisons, while RD was differed in all except cBHs vs. T2‐lesions (P = 0.051). PSR had significantly higher accuracy in differentiating T2‐lesions from p/dNAWM and NWM, with a larger ES when comparing T2‐lesions to p/dNAWM and NWM and cBHs to pNAWM and NWM.Data ConclusionPSR offers superior accuracy and ES over RD in detecting tissue injury in MS.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide From Bacillus licheniformis MW301654 Unravels the Nematicidal Property Against Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Ashraf Suhail , Krishna Nayana R. U. , Nakkeeran Sevugapperumal , Nallusamy Saranya , Fatimah Nusrat , Jardan Yousef A. Bin , Raish Mohammad 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTResearch on nematode management globally highlights the use of nematicidal biomolecules and biocontrol agents. However, the availability of biomolecules to manage plant‐parasitic nematodes remains limited. The discovery of microbial biomolecules offers new opportunities in this field, though they are underexplored for suppressing nematodes. This study focused on identifying biomolecules from Bacillus licheniformis (MW301654) to manage Meloidogyne incognita, a root‐knot nematode infecting banana. In silico protein–ligand interactions revealed that, Nicotinamide mononucleotide, produced during the ditrophic interaction of B. licheniformis (MW301654) with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense was effective against M. incognita protein targets including cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1, calreticulin, neuropeptide G‐protein coupled receptor, chorismate mutase 1, venom allergen‐like proteins and β‐1,4‐endoglucanase than the commercially used nematicides carbofuran 3G and fluensulfone. In vitro bioassays further validated nicotinamide mononucleotide nematicidal activity. At concentrations of 93, 76, and 69 ppm, nicotinamide mononucleotide caused 50% mortality of second‐stage juveniles after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, while 213, 132, and 101 ppm resulted in 95% mortality. Egg hatching was also significantly reduced, with only 1% hatching at 150 ppm. The study emphasized the potential of Nicotinamide mononucleotide as a novel biopesticide for the management of M. incognita infection in banana.
Flash Drought Teleconnection With the Large‐Scale Climate Drivers in the Homogeneous Rainfall Regions of India
Authors: Pachore Akshay , Remesan Renji , Kuttippurath Jayanarayanan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFlash drought events can be characterised by the quick depletion of crop root zone soil moisture (rapid intensification) and hence can be termed as agricultural flash droughts. These events can have devastating impacts, such as increasing the risk of agricultural yield loss, heatwaves and increased wildfire risk, which further have cascading impacts on the socio‐economic conditions. The regional hotspots of flash droughts are analysed for winter, pre‐monsoon, monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons over India from 1981 to 2020. We assess the impact of the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on the flash drought frequency (FDF: number of flash drought events). The causal connection of the FDF with the ENSO and IOD is analysed using the PCMCI (Peter and Clark's algorithm combined with the Momentary Conditional Independence) algorithm. The monsoon season (June–September) is found to be more prone to flash droughts with higher spatial/regional average values of total per pixel FDF during the 40‐year period over the Central Northeast (~54) and West Central (~41) regions. It is observed that the fraction of the total number of flash droughts during the El Niño years (38.8%) is higher as compared with that in La Niña years (25.7%). It is also found that the co‐occurrence of positive/negative IOD with the El Niño phase can alter the seasonal fraction of FDF over India, highlighting the high complexity in the ENSO–IOD interactions. The causal analysis shows that only the Southern Peninsula and West Central regions have significant direct and lagged causal links of average per pixel FDF with IOD. Whereas, similar (direct and lagged) causal connections are observed between the ENSO and IOD. This study reveals that flash droughts and their teleconnections vary greatly among the seasons and regions in India, limiting its accurate predictions and increasing the risk to agricultural communities.
Antimicrobial Peptides From Different Sources: Isolation, Purification, and Characterization to Potential Applications
Authors: Ahmed Shadi Ali Hassen , Saif Bassam , Qian Linghui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are excellent promising candidates for biomedical applications owing to their structural properties, high biocompatibility, good biodegradability, and functional diversity. Unlike conventional antibiotics, AMPs have been shown to have broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity toward Gram‐positive/negative bacteria, as well as antifungal and antiviral activity. These peptides have also been found to be cytotoxic to sperm and cancer cells. A range of AMPs has been isolated from various organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. This review summarizes the latest studies on AMPs, covering their isolation, purification, and characterization as well as their potential biomedical applications and beyond.