bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure and enhanced microwave dielectric properties of Ta5+ substituted Li3Mg2NbO6 ceramics
Authors: Wang Gang , Zhang Dainan , Huang Xin , Rao Yiheng , Yang Yan , Gan Gongwen , Lai Yuanming , Xu Fang , Li Jie , Liao Yulong , Liu Cheng , Jin Lichuan , Harris Vincent G. , Zhang Huaiwu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComposition and structure play dominant roles in realizing the microwave dielectric properties that are necessary for the ever‐increasing demands of the Internet of Things and related communication technologies. In the present study, the substitution of Ta5+ in Li3Mg2Nb1−xTaxO6 ceramics and its effect on the structural characteristics and microwave dielectric performances is systematically studied. All the substituted compositions were determined to be pure phase orthorhombic Li3Mg2NbO6 structure of space group Fddd. Furthermore, a NbO6 octahedral distortion, Nb‐O bond valence, packing fraction and polarizability were calculated to explore the structure‐property‐performance paradigm in the context of microwave dielectric performance. Scanning electron microscopy revealed homogeneous microstructures, with the introduction of Ta5+ promoting grain growth. Raman spectra indicated that the variation of the band (blue shift and red shift) at 771 cm−1 was highly correlated with the variation in unit cell volume. The polarizability significantly impacted ɛr values. The Q × f values were strongly influenced by the packing fraction and grain size. The changes in the NbO6 octahedral distortion and Nb–O bond valence impacted the τf values. The Li3Mg2Nb0.98Ta0.02O6 composition displayed the most dramatic improvements in microwave dielectric properties: εr = 15.58, Q × f = 113 000 GHz and τf = −4.5 ppm/°C, providing a potential candidate for next generation microwave and millimeter‐wave applications.
Prevalence and characteristics of neuropsychiatric symptoms, quality of life and psychotropics in people with acquired brain injury in long‐term care
Authors: Kohnen Roy , Lavrijsen Jan , Smals Odile , Gerritsen Debby , Koopmans Raymond 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimEstablishing the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), quality of life and psychotropic drug use in people aged ≤65 years with acquired brain injury in nursing homes.DesignCross‐sectional, observational study among patients aged 18–≤65 years with acquired brain injury admitted to special care units in Dutch nursing homes.MethodsAccording to the Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects in January 2017 this study did not require ethics approval. Nursing homes will be recruited through the national acquired brain injury expertise network for patients with severe brain injury, the regional brain injury teams and by searching the internet. Patient characteristics will be collected through digital questionnaires. Neuropsychiatric symptoms will be assessed with the NeuroPsychiatric Inventory‐Nursing Home version, the Cohen–Mansfield Agitation Inventory and the St. Andrews Sexual Behaviour Assessment; cognition with the Mini‐Mental State Examination, quality of life with the Quality of Life after Brain Injury Overall Scale and activities of daily living with the Disability Rating Scale. Medication will be retrieved from the electronic prescription system. Data collection commenced in 2017 and will be followed by data analysis in 2019. Reporting will be completed in 2020.DiscussionLittle is known about NPS among patients with acquired brain injury in nursing homes. In patients up to the age of 65 years, only six studies were found on prevalence rates of NPS.ImpactPatients with severe acquired brain injury experience lifelong consequences, that have a high impact on them and their environment. Although there is increasing attention for the survival of this vulnerable group of patients, it is also important to enlarge awareness on long‐term consequences, specifically the NPS, quality of life and psychotropic drug use in acquired brain injury. Insight into the magnitude of these issues is necessary to achieve appropriate care for these patients.
A systematic review of treatments for pityriasis lichenoides
Authors: Bellinato F. , Maurelli M. , Gisondi P. , Girolomoni G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPityriasis lichenoides (PL) represents a spectrum of inflammatory skin diseases comprising pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) and pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC). This study aimed to provide a summary of effective treatments for PL. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines for studies investigating PL treatment including ≥3 subjects and published in English between 1 January 1970 and 15 April 2019. A total of 441 papers were screened, and 37 original manuscripts meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were found, including 12 case series, 18 reviews, four prospective studies, two comparative studies and a single randomized controlled study. In most studies, ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy (narrow‐band UVB, broadband UVB, UVA1 or PUVA) was used. Clearance rates with the different modalities are hardly comparable between different studies, ranging approximately between 70% and 100%. Narrow‐band UVB showed an efficacy similar to PUVA as such as the combination of UVA and UVB vs. PUVA. Oral erythromycin showed clearance rates ranging between 66% and 83%, whereas methotrexate up to 100% but in small and dated studies. Evidence for other treatments is scarce. There is a lack of high level of evidence studies on PL treatment. The interpretation of the results is biased by the possible auto‐resolution of the disease, the sample heterogeneity between children and adults and the short follow‐up period of the studies. Only some studies investigated how results were durable after cessation of therapy. Quality of life and the impact of treatment were never assessed. According to the results of this review, we suggest narrow‐band UVB phototherapy as first‐line treatment. Oral erythromycin with or without topical corticosteroids and low‐dose methotrexate as second‐line therapies. High‐powered studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the optimal treatment for PL.
A new potential therapeutic remedy against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using tetra, Cotinus coggygria
Authors: Bilen Soner , Elbeshti Housam Taher Abdul Ghani 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDifferent antibiotic‐based drugs are being used for the treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, and several studies emphasize the use of medicinal plants as immunostimulants for prophylactic measure against Aeromoniasis disease. However, therapeutic effects of aqueous methanolic extracts of tetra (Cotinus coggygria) against A. hydrophila in rainbow trout were not investigated. Four different concentrations of tetra extract (0 [control], 4, 8 and 12 mg/100 µl) and also two different positive control groups (florfenicol and doxycycline antibiotics) were administered orally using feeding needles to individual rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss of all experimental groups twice a day after intramuscular inoculation of A. hydrophila. The study period was for 10 days. On 0th, 3rd, 7th and 10th day, blood and tissues were collected from the fish and changes in humoral immune responses, haematology and immune‐related gene expressions were determined. In the study, superoxide radical production was decreased generally in all experimental groups except in 12 mg tetra and florfenicol treatments compared to control (p < .05). Lysozyme activity was generally decreased (p < .05), or no differences were observed in all experimental groups compared to the control. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased in florfenicol‐treated fish group on 7th day (p < .05). Generally, myeloperoxidase activity showed an increase in almost all tetra‐treated groups. Haematological parameters increased but were not significantly high enough in treatments. Almost all immune‐related gene expressions were significantly enhanced on 3rd and 10th day of the study. Survival rate of 53.33% was found in control group. There were no significant differences in survival between control and 4 mg tetra‐treated group (p > .05). All the other groups' survival rate was significantly increased compared to control. The highest survival rate was found in florfenicol group (80%). In 12 mg tetra‐, doxycycline‐ and 8 mg tetra‐treated groups, survival rate was recorded as 74.44%, 70% and 70%, respectively. Our results suggest that tetra methanolic extract is an effective therapeutic remedy against A. hydrophila infection in rainbow trout at the dose of 24 mg/32.34 g body weight/day.
Recurrent Measurement of Frailty Is Important for Mortality Prediction: Findings from the North West Adelaide Health Study
Authors: Thompson Mark Q. , Theou Olga , Tucker Graeme R. , Adams Robert J. , Visvanathan Renuka 
Published: July 2019

OBJECTIVESFrailty places individuals at greater risk of adverse health outcomes. However, it is a dynamic condition and may not always lead to decline. Our objective was to determine the relationship between frailty status (at baseline and follow‐up) and mortality using both the frailty phenotype (FP) and frailty index (FI).DESIGNPopulation‐based cohort.SETTINGCommunity‐dwelling older adults.PARTICIPANTSA total of 909 individuals aged 65 years or older (55% female), mean age 74.4 (SD 6.2) years, had frailty measurement at baseline. Overall, 549 participants had frailty measurement at two time points.MEASUREMENTSFrailty was measured using the FP and FI, with a mean 4.5 years between baseline and follow‐up. Mortality was matched to official death records with a minimum of 10 years of follow‐up.RESULTSFor both measures, baseline frailty was a significant predictor of mortality up to 10 years, with initially good predictive ability (area under the curve [AUC] = .8‐.9) decreasing over time. Repeated measurement at follow‐up resulted in good prediction compared with lower (AUC = .6‐.7) discrimination of equivalent baseline frailty status. In a multivariable model, frailty measurement at follow‐up was a stronger predictor of mortality compared with baseline. Frailty change for the Continuous FI was a significant predictor of decreased or increased mortality risk based on corresponding improvement or worsening of score (hazard ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.02‐1.07; P = .001).CONCLUSIONSFrailty measurement is a good predictor of mortality up to 10 years; however, recency of frailty measurement is important for improved prediction. A regular review of frailty status is required in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2311–2317, 2019
A survey of nurse practitioner controlled drugs and substances prescribing in three Canadian provinces
Authors: O’Rourke Tammy , Kirk Joseph , Duff Elsie , Golonka Richard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesIn Canada, nurse practitioners (NP) were legally authorised to prescribe controlled drugs and substances (CDS) in 2012. The objective of this study was to understand current NP‐CDS prescribing in Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan, Canada. This study is a component of a larger three‐phase survey of NP practice patterns in these same provinces.BackgroundNurse practitioners are nurses with a graduate degree who have the legal authority to perform expanded functions in health systems, including prescribing CDS. Given the novelty of CDS prescribing for NPs in Canada, little is known about this component of their role.DesignA secondary analysis of survey data collected between March 2016 and May 2017 was used to examine NP‐CDS‐prescribing patterns and identify potential associated factors.MethodsNurse practitioners in Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan were invited to complete a professional practice pattern survey. The survey was administered through a secure electronic data collection software application (redcap). In the practice pattern survey, 42 variables from 15 distinct conceptual questions were analysed in this study as potential predictors of NP‐CDS prescribing within a purposeful selection ordinal logistic regression model. This scientific submission has been assessed for accuracy and completeness using the Equator STROBE guideline criteria (see Appendix S1).Results/FindingsFive variables were found to be associated with an increased odds of more frequent NP‐CDS prescribing in addition to three confounders/clinically relevant variables. Factors commonly associated with an increased frequency of NP‐CDS prescribing relate to location of practice, area of practice, previous nursing experience, team environments and common diagnoses.ConclusionLittle is known about NP‐CDS prescribing. Understanding this important component of the NPs emerging legal scope of professional practice can contribute to the continued refinement of this role as well as support ongoing enquiry into the causes of, and potential interventions to prevent, the present opioid overdose deaths occurring while under an active prescription.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding factors that influence NP‐CDS prescribing has relevance to the current drug‐related prescription fatalities crisis in all countries.
Glycerol in ovo feeding as an energy substrate improves performance of broilers from young breeders
Authors: Dal Pont Gabriela Cardoso , Goes Emanuele Cristiny , da Silva Kariny Fonseca , de Oliveira Simone Gisele , da Rocha Chayane , Miorka Alex 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlycerol is one of the substrates used for glycogen production by the chicken embryo, which is the predominant energy source during the last days of incubation and during hatching. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in ovo feeding (IOF) of glycerol in the light and heavy broiler eggs derived from breeders of two different ages. Two experiments, with 672 eggs each, were carried out. The only difference between the experiments was breeder age: 32 weeks old in Exp. I and 60 weeks old in Exp. II. A completely randomized experimental design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement was applied. Treatments consisted of three glycerol IOF doses (0, 6, or 12 mg/ml) and two egg weights (light or heavy). Incubation parameters, glycogen reserves and live performance parameters (1–7 days of age) were evaluated. Hatch of fertile eggs, embryo mortality after IOF and the number of early‐hatching chicks were not affected by the treatments in both experiments. Hatchlings from heavy eggs (68.03 ± 0.64 g) laid by young breeders and receiving 6 mg glycerol/ml showed higher liver glycogen levels than those injected with 0 or 12 mg/ml. Glycerol IOF of embryos from young breeders increased feed intake and weight gain at 7 days of age, independently of egg weight. However, different glycerol dosages had no effect on the performance of the progeny of 60‐week‐old breeders. These results show that glycerol may be used as an IOF ingredient without affecting incubation parameters. The chickens from young breeders had greater glycogen deposition with inoculation of 6 mg/ml of glycerol and better performance with glycerol administration. However, glycerol IOF did not improve the performance of the progeny of 60‐week‐old breeders. Therefore, glycogen IOF may be recommended for eggs laid by young breeders.
Digesta passage and nutrient digestibility in Boran steers at low feed intake levels
Authors: Ali Asep I.M. , Wassie Shimels E. , Korir Daniel , Goopy John P. , Merbold Lutz , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Dickhoefer Uta , Schlecht Eva 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of energetic undernutrition on liquid and solid digesta passage and on nutrient digestibility as well as their interdependencies. Using a 4 x 4 Latin square design, 12 growing Boran steers (183 ± 15.2 kg live weight) were allocated to four levels of metabolizable energy (ME) supply fixed at 100, 80, 60 and 40% of individual maintenance energy requirements (MER) during four experimental periods. Each period comprised three weeks of adaptation, two weeks of data collection and two weeks of recovery. Diets MER80, MER60 and MER40 only consisted of Rhodes grass hay (RGH), whereas diet MER100 contained (as fed) 83% RGH, 8% cotton seed meal and 9% sugarcane molasses. Feed intake differed between treatments (p < .001) and ranged from 40 ± 0.6 g dry matter (DM) per kg of metabolic weight (kg0.75) in MER40 to 81 ± 1.3 g DM in MER100. Digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fibre (NDF, ADF) was highest at MER80, whereas rumen retention time of liquid and solid digesta was longest at MER40. The correlation of rumen retention time of liquid and solid digesta with the digestibility of proximate diet components was weak but positive, whereas the correlation of liquid and solid rumen retention time with quantitative feed and nutrient intake was strong (p < .01) and negative. Our results suggest that tropical cattle are able to buffer a moderate energy deficit by prolonging rumen retention time of digesta and hence improve diet digestibility. Conversely, a severe energy deficit cannot be buffered by digestive adaptation mechanisms and will inevitably lead to productivity losses.
Characterisation and outcome of idiopathic pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in 64 English springer spaniel dogs
Authors: Dor C. , Gajanayake I. , Kortum A. , Day M. J. , Tappin S. , Harris B. , Battersby I. , Walker D. , Glanemann B. , Myatt P. , Dunning M. , Bexfield N. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the history, clinicopathological abnormalities, diagnostic imaging findings, lymph node cytological/histological appearance, treatment and outcome of English springer spaniels diagnosed with idiopathic pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis.Materials and MethodsIn this retrospective UK‐based multicentre study, 64 dogs were recruited from 10 referral centres, 32 first‐opinion practices and three histopathology/cytology laboratories, between 2010 and 2016.ResultsThe median age at presentation was 6 years (range: 0.17 to 11.75). Neutered females were frequently affected. Pyrexia (83.8%), peripheral lymphadenomegaly (78.4%), dermatological lesions (72.9%), lethargy (67.6%), hyporexia (54%), diarrhoea (29.7%), coughing (24.3%), epistaxis, sneezing or nasal discharge (21.6%), ocular signs (21.6%) and vomiting (16.2%) were reported in dogs for which the history and physical examination records were available. Popliteal (45.3%), superficial cervical (35.9%) and submandibular (37.5%) lymphadenomegaly were frequently reported. Haematology and serum biochemistry revealed non‐specific changes. When undertaken, testing for infectious diseases was negative in all cases. Lymph node cytology, histopathology or both demonstrated mixed inflammatory (27%), pyogranulomatous (24%), neutrophilic (20%) or granulomatous (11%) lymphadenitis. Treatment details were available for 38 dogs, with 34 receiving prednisolone for a median duration of 15 weeks (range: 1 to 28 weeks). A good to excellent clinical response was reported in all but one case. Ten dogs relapsed after discontinuing prednisolone.Clinical SignificanceIdiopathic pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for lymphadenopathy and pyrexia in English springer spaniels. The characteristics of the disease, absence of identifiable infectious aetiology and response to glucocorticoid therapy suggest an immune‐mediated aetiology.
Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine during administration of vatinoxan in male neutered cats anesthetized with isoflurane
Authors: Pypendop Bruno H. , Ahokoivu Hanna , Honkavaara Juhana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDexmedetomidine is an alpha‐2 adrenoceptor agonist, and vatinoxan is an alpha‐2 antagonist believed to poorly cross the blood–brain barrier in cats. Dexmedetomidine–vatinoxan combinations are of interest in anesthetized cats because the anesthetic sparing effect of dexmedetomidine may be preserved while vatinoxan attenuates the adverse cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine. The aim of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in cats during administration of isoflurane and vatinoxan. Six healthy adult male castrated cats were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen. Vatinoxan was administered using a target‐controlled infusion system intended to maintain a plasma concentration of 4 µg/ml. Dexmedetomidine, 35 µg/kg was administered intravenously over 5 min. Plasma dexmedetomidine and vatinoxan concentrations were measured at selected time points ranging from prior to 8 hr after dexmedetomidine administration using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Compartment models were fitted to the time‐concentration data using nonlinear mixed‐effect modeling. A three‐compartment model best fitted the data. Typical value (% interindividual variability) for the three‐compartment volumes (ml/kg), the metabolic clearance and the two intercompartment distribution clearances (ml min−1kg−1) were 168 (259), 318 (35), 1,425 (18), 12.4 (31), 39.1 (18), and 29.6 (17), respectively. Mean ± standard deviation plasma vatinoxan concentration was 2.6 ± 0.6 µg/ml.
Rice black‐streaked dwarf virus‐encoded P5‐1 regulates the ubiquitination activity of SCF E3 ligases and inhibits jasmonate signaling to benefit its infection in rice
Authors: He Long , Chen Xuan , Yang Jin , Zhang Tianye , Li Juan , Zhang Songbai , Zhong Kaili , Zhang Hengmu , Chen Jianping , Yang Jian 
Published: July 2019

Summary

SCF (Skp1/Cullin1/F‐box) complexes are key regulators of many cellular processes. Viruses encode specific factors to interfere with or hijack these complexes and ensure their infection in plants. The molecular mechanisms controlling this interference/hijack are currently largely unknown.

Here, we present evidence of a novel strategy used by Rice black‐streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) to regulate ubiquitination in rice (Oryza sativa) by interfering in the activity of OsCSN5A. We also show that RBSDV P5‐1 specifically affects CSN‐mediated deRUBylation of OsCUL1, compromising the integrity of the SCFCOI1 complex.

We demonstrate that the expressions of jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis‐associated genes are not inhibited, whereas the expressions of JA‐responsive genes are down‐regulated in transgenic P5‐1 plants. More importantly, application of JA to P5‐1 transgenic plants did not reduce their susceptibility to RBSDV infection.

Our results suggest that P5‐1 inhibits the ubiquitination activity of SCF E3 ligases through an interaction with OsCSN5A, and hinders the RUBylation/deRUBylation of CUL1, leading to an inhibition of the JA response pathway and an enhancement of RBSDV infection in rice.
The challenge for global health systems in preventing and managing obesity
Authors: Wolfenden Luke , Ezzati Majid , Larijani Bagher , Dietz William 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFew health crises have been as predictable as the unfolding obesity pandemic. Clinical and public health services remain the front line of efforts to reduce the burden of obesity. While a range of clinical practice guidelines exist, the need for clinical interventions exceeds the capacity of health systems to provide care for those affected with obesity, and routine clinical practices fall far short of guidelines recommendations even in high‐income countries. In this manuscript, we discuss current recommendations regarding obesity interventions and key challenges facing global health systems in managing the health needs of people with obesity. Improving the provision of obesity‐related health care is a considerable challenge and will require changing existing perceptions of obesity as a matter of personal failure to its recognition as a disease, innovative approaches to health system reform, clinician capacity building and implementation support, a focus on prevention, and wise resource allocation. Leadership from governments, the medical profession, and patient and community groups to address the issues raised in this manuscript is urgently needed to address the growing health concern.