bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind erosion reduction by water diversion in the lower Heihe River Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Yan Haiming , Zhan Jinyan , Yang Huicai , Liu Wei , Li Wei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe lower Heihe River Basin, a key ecological function zone in Northwest China, has suffered from serious land degradation by wind erosion for decades, posing a great threat to the national ecological safety. This study explores the dynamics of wind erosion and the soil conservation service (SCS) in this region following water diversion during 2001–2010 with the statistic model of wind erosion on small watershed basis based on remote sensing, climate, and soil data, and impacts of driving factors on the SCS are revealed with scenario analysis. Results suggest that the SCS represented by the soil retention amount was less than 500 t km−2 yr−1 in most parts of the study area and higher than 15,000 t km−2 yr−1 in a few wind erosion hotspots, including the East Juyanhai region, Dingxin Oasis, Ejina Oasis, and its surrounding desert–oasis transitional areas. The cumulative potential soil loss of the study area increased much faster than the cumulative soil retention amount, and fractional vegetation cover influenced by the Ecological Water Diversion Project played a dominant role in improving the SCS, accounting for 82.25% of the change in the SCS of the study area. Climate change played a subordinate role, but there were essential separate and interactive effects of climate factors on the SCS. This study provides a preliminary overview of hotspots of wind erosion and the SCS in the lower Heihe River Basin from a geographical perspective, laying a solid basis for combating land degradation by wind erosion in arid regions of Northwest China.
A Selective Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitor Reduces L‐Dopa‐Induced Dyskinesias in Parkinsonian Monkeys
Authors: Beck Goichi , Maehara Shunsuke , Chang Phat Ly , Papa Stella M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhosphodiesterase 10A is a member of the phosphodiesterase family whose brain expression is restricted to the striatum. Phosphodiesterase 10A regulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which mediate responses to dopamine receptor activation, and the levels of these cyclic nucleotides are decreased in experimental models of l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia. The elevation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels by phosphodiesterase 10A inhibition may thus be targeted to reduce l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia.ObjectivesThe present study was aimed at determining the potential antidyskinetic effects of phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors in a primate model of Parkinson's disease (PD). The experiments performed in this model were also intended to provide translational data for the design of future clinical trials.MethodsFive MPTP‐treated macaques with advanced parkinsonism and reproducible l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia were used. MR1916, a selective phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor, at doses 0.0015 to 0.05 mg/kg, subcutaneously, or its vehicle (control test) was coadministered with l‐dopa methyl ester acutely (predetermined optimal and suboptimal subcutaneous doses) and oral l‐dopa chronically as daily treatment for 5 weeks. Standardized scales were used to assess motor disability and l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia by blinded examiners. Pharmacokinetics was also examined.ResultsMR1916 consistently reduced l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia in acute tests of l‐dopa optimal and suboptimal doses. Significant effects were present with every MR1916 dose tested, but the most effective was 0.015 mg/kg. None of the MR1916 doses tested affected the antiparkinsonian action of l‐dopa at the optimal dose. The anti‐l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia effect of MR1916 (0.015 mg/kg, subcutaneously) was sustained with chronic administration, indicating that tolerance did not develop over the 5‐week treatment. No adverse effects were observed after MR1916 administration acutely or chronically.ConclusionsResults show that regulation of striatal cyclic nucleotides by phosphodiesterase 10A inhibition could be a useful therapeutic approach for l‐dopa‐induced dyskinesia, and therefore data support further studies of selective phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitors for PD therapy. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term spatiotemporal trend analysis of precipitation and temperature over Turkey
Authors: Hadi Sinan Jasim , Tombul Mustafa 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMonthly precipitation and temperature data for Turkey were obtained from the Climate Research Unit Time Series (CRU TS V3.23) dataset (1901–2014) and analysed. The records of 81 grids, each located in a province, were converted into annual and seasonal data. The Mann−Kendall test was used to determine trend significance. The Theil−Sen slope estimator was used for estimating the magnitude of the trend. The Pettitt−Mann−Whitney test was used on the annual data series to identify the ‘most probable change year’ for precipitation and temperature. The spatial pattern of the trend was analysed using a geographical information system environment. The results showed that the annual areal precipitation over the whole of Turkey is not significantly increasing with a magnitude of 0.11 mm year−1, but the annual areal temperature is increasing significantly with a magnitude of 0.88 °C century−1. The grid analysis indicated that annual precipitation is decreasing in the southeastern Anatolia and Mediterranean regions and increasing in the Marmara and Black Sea regions, whilst other regions have no specific pattern. Although a trend is present in most of the grids, insignificance is dominant. Annual precipitation has no dominant change year with 1969 being the most probable. Seasonal precipitation has increasing and decreasing trends in the same regions that also show such trends in annual precipitation. Annual temperature has a significant, increasing trend in all regions. 1993 was found as the most probable change year. Seasonal temperature showed an increasing trend in all regions. The highest increasing trend for temperature was found in the summer.
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Improves Metabolic Syndrome by Activating PPAR‐γ and Inducing Adipose Tissue Remodeling in Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Kim Soon‐Hee , Park Hee‐Sook , Hong Moon Ju , Hur Haeng Jeon , Kwon Dae Young , Kim Myung‐Sunny 
Published: March 2018

ScopeThis study investigated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a bioactive component of honeybee hives, on the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by comparing the efficacy of CAPE intake at the beginning of obesity and after obesity. The functional mechanism of CAPE was also investigated.Methods and resultsC57BL/6 mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) containing 0.05% CAPE (HFD+C) for 12 weeks (HFD+C(Pre) group) or received HFD+C for 6 weeks after consuming the HFD for 6 weeks (HFD+C(Post) group). Both CAPE‐fed groups showed significant improvements in body weight, fatty liver, inflammation, and insulin resistance, but not serum lipid levels. Hyperlipidemia was only ameliorated in the HFD+C(Pre). Adipose tissue (AT) remodeling occurred in the CAPE‐fed groups. Specifically, CAPE induced PPAR‐γ activation, resulting in adipogenesis, a smaller and more uniform distribution of adipocytes, and decreased immune cell penetration and inflammation; CAPE also improved the disturbed pattern of adipokine secretion. Hypoxia was improved by promoting angiogenesis in AT.ConclusionCAPE ameliorates metabolic disease by inducing PPAR‐γ activation and AT remodeling. Additionally, this study reveals that the intake of CAPE after obesity, as well as in the early stage of obesity, helps in the prevention and treatment of MetS.
High Fat and Sugar Consumption During Ad Libitum Intake Predicts Weight Gain
Authors: Stinson Emma J. , Piaggi Paolo , Ibrahim Mostafa , Venti Colleen , Krakoff Jonathan , Votruba Susanne B. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo determine how macronutrients accompanying foods with high energy density (EnDen) affect energy intake and weight gain.MethodsA total of 214 subjects (130 males, BMI: 32 ± 7 kg/m2) ate ad libitum for 3 days. Food intake was expressed as the mean daily intake (in kilocalories) and the percentage of weight‐maintaining energy needs (%WMEN). EnDen was expressed as the ratio of intake (in kilocalories) to food weight (in grams). Food choices were expressed as absolute and percent intake (kilocalories), categorized as high in fat (HF; ≥ 45% kcal) or low in fat (LF; < 20% kcal), and further categorized as high in complex carbohydrates (≥ 30% kcal), high in simple sugars (HSS; ≥ 30% kcal), or high in protein (HP; ≥ 13% kcal). Follow‐up weights were available from 99 subjects (65 males, range: 6 months to 11 years).ResultsEnDen was associated with BMI (r = 0.28, P < 0.0001), percent body fat (r = 0.18, P = 0.007), and percent intake from HF/HP (r = 0.34, P < 0.0001), HF/HSS (r = 0.31, P < 0.0001), LF/HP (r = −0.37, P < 0.0001) and LF/HSS (r = −0.68, P < 0.0001). The %WMEN was associated with EnDen (r = 0.16, P = 0.01), HF/HSS (r = 0.33, P < 0.0001), and LF/HP intake (r = −0.25, P = 0.0002). In a multivariate model, only HF/HSS intake remained a significant predictor of %WMEN (β = 1.4% per 1% change, P < 0.0001). The percent intake from HF/HSS (r = 0.23, P = 0.02), not EnDen (P = 0.54), was associated with weight gain, even after adjusting for follow‐up time (in years) and covariates.ConclusionsRelatively greater consumption of HF/HSS foods independently predicted overeating and weight gain. Nutrient compositions of high‐EnDen foods may be important for weight management.
Regional photovoltaic power fluctuations within frequency regulation control time frames: A study with high‐resolution data
Authors: Gari da Silva Fonseca Junior Joao , Nishitsuji Yuki , Udagawa Yusuke , Urabe Chiyori T. , Saito Tetsuo , Uno Fumichika , Ohtake Hideaki , Oozeki Takashi , Ogimoto Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe growth of renewable energy penetration on power grids is reaching high levels in many countries around the world. In such high‐penetration scenarios, the proper characterisation of the intermittency of renewable power generation becomes important to the operation of power grids. In this study, using the most recent high‐resolution global horizontal irradiance data in Japan, we characterise short‐term fluctuations of photovoltaic (PV) power in regional scale, in a scenario of high penetration of PV. We analysed 1 year of data with a resolution of 10 seconds for the Kanto area in Japan. The results show that the distribution of the short‐term fluctuations is non‐Gaussian, presenting a shape similar to a Laplacian distribution. In addition to statistical aspects, a methodology is presented to evaluate the fluctuations considering aspects relevant to power grid operators. Applying this methodology, we show that the highest fluctuations within the time frame of secondary regulation control of frequency reached 5% of the hourly power demand. Fluctuations of PV power within the primary regulation control time frame were within 3% of hourly power demand, and the 99th percentile of the fluctuations was within 1% of it. With the proposed methodology, which can be generally applied, we go beyond the description of statistical properties of short‐term fluctuations of PV, showing also the importance to evaluate them in a context relevant to power grid operators.
Secretome Analysis Identifies Potential Pathogenicity/Virulence Factors of Tilletia indica, a Quarantined Fungal Pathogen Inciting Karnal Bunt Disease in Wheat
Authors: Pandey Vishakha , Singh Manoj , Pandey Dinesh , Marla Soma , Kumar Anil 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTilletia indica is a smut fungus that incites Karnal bunt in wheat. It has been considered as quarantine pest in more than 70 countries. Despite its quarantine significance, there is meager knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. Moreover, various disease management strategies have proven futile. Development of effective disease management strategy requires identification of pathogenicity/virulence factors. With this aim, the present study was conducted to compare the secretomes of T. indica isolates, that is, highly (TiK) and low (TiP) virulent isolates. About 120 and 95 protein spots were detected reproducibly in TiK and TiP secretome gel images. Nineteen protein spots, which were consistently observed as upregulated/differential in the secretome of TiK isolate, were selected for their identification by MALDI‐TOF/TOF. Identified proteins exhibited homology with fungal proteins playing important role in fungal adhesion, penetration, invasion, protection against host‐derived reactive oxygen species, production of virulence factors, cellular signaling, and degradation of host cell wall proteins and antifungal proteins. These results were complemented with T. indica genome sequence leading to identification of candidate pathogenicity/virulence factors homologs that were further subjected to sequence‐ and structure‐based functional annotation. Thus, present study reports the first comparative secretome analysis of T. indica for identification of pathogenicity/virulence factors. This would provide insights into pathogenic mechanisms of T. indica and aid in devising effective disease management strategies.
AR‐V7 in circulating tumor cells cluster as a predictive biomarker of abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide treatment in castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients
Authors: Okegawa Takatsugu , Ninomiya Naoki , Masuda Kazuki , Nakamura Yu , Tambo Mitsuhiro , Nutahara Kikuo 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveWe examined whether androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR‐V7) in circulating tumor cell(CTC)clusters can be used to predict survival in patients with bone metastatic castration resistant‐prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 98 patients with CRPC on abiraterone or enzalutamide, and investigated the prognostic value of CTC cluster detection (+ v −) and AR‐V7 detection (+ v −) using a CTC cluster detection − based AR‐V7 mRNA assay. We examined ≤50% prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) responses, PSA progression‐free survival (PSA‐PFS), clinical and radiological progression‐free survival (radiologic PSF), and overall survival (OS). We then assessed whether AR‐V7 expression in CTC clusters identified after On‐chip multi‐imaging flow cytometry was related to disease progression and survival after first‐line systemic therapy.ResultsAll abiraterone‐treated or enzalutamide‐treated patients received prior docetaxel. The median follow‐up was 20.7 (range: 3.0‐37.0) months in the abiraterone and enzalutamide cohorts, respectively. Forty‐nine of the 98 men (50.0%) were CTC cluster (−), 23 of the 98 men (23.5%) were CTC cluster(+)/AR‐V7(−), and 26 of the 98 men (26.5%) were CTC cluster(+)/AR‐V7(+). CTC cluster(+)/AR‐V7(+) patients were more likely to have EOD ≥3 at diagnosis (P = 0.003), pain (P = 0.023), higher alkaline phosphatase levels (P < 0.001), and visceral metastases (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, pretherapy CTC cluster(+), CTC cluster(+)/AR‐V7(−), and ALP >UNL were independently associated with a poor PSA‐PFS, radiographic PFS, and OS in abiraterone‐treated patients and enzalutamide‐treated patients.ConclusionThe CTC clusters and AR‐V7‐positive CTC clusters detected were important for assessing the response to abiraterone or enzalutamide therapy and for predicting disease outcome.
Electron ionization mass spectrometry fragmentation and multiple reaction monitoring quantification of bacterial metabolites of the sea ice biomarker proxy IP25 in Arctic sediments
Authors: Rontani Jean‐François , Aubert Claude , Belt Simon T. 
Published: March 2018

Rationale3,9,13‐Trimethyl‐6‐(1,5‐dimethylhexyl)tetradecan‐1,2‐diol and 2,8,12‐trimethyl‐5‐(1,5‐dimethylhexyl)tridecanoic acid appear to be produced during the bacterial metabolism of IP25, a highly branched isoprenoid lipid often employed for past Arctic sea ice reconstruction. Characterization and quantification of these metabolites in sediments are essential to determine if bacterial degradation may exert a significant influence on IP25‐based palaeo sea ice reconstructions.MethodsElectron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) fragmentation pathways of 3,9,13‐trimethyl‐6‐(1,5‐dimethylhexyl)tetradecan‐1,2‐diol and 2,8,12‐trimethyl‐5‐(1,5‐dimethylhexyl)tridecanoic acid trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives were investigated. These pathways were deduced by: (i) low‐energy collision‐induced dissociation (CID) gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS), (ii) accurate mass measurement, and (iii) deuterium labelling.ResultsCID‐MS/MS analyses, accurate mass measurement and deuterium‐labelling experiments enabled us to elucidate the EIMS fragmentations of 3,9,13‐trimethyl‐6‐(1,5‐dimethylhexyl)tetradecan‐1,2‐diol and 2,8,12‐trimethyl‐5‐(1,5‐dimethylhexyl)tridecanoic acid TMS derivatives. Some specific fragment ions useful in addition to chromatographic retention times for further characterization could be identified. As an application of some of the described fragmentations, the TMS derivatives of these metabolites were characterized and quantified in MRM mode in different Arctic sediments.ConclusionsEIMS fragmentations of 3,9,13‐trimethyl‐6‐(1,5‐dimethylhexyl)tetradecan‐1,2‐diol and 2,8,12‐trimethyl‐5‐(1,5‐dimethylhexyl)tridecanoic acid TMS derivatives exhibit specific fragment ions, which appear to be very useful for the quantification of these bacterial metabolites of the palaeo tracer IP25 in sediments.
Promoting Effect of Organic Ligand on the Performance of Ceria for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3
Authors: Yin Mengqi , Qiu Wenge , Song Liyun , Zhu Hongtai , Chen Yun , Li Shining , Cheng Jie , Sun Yanming , Bai Guangmei , Zhang Guizhen , He Hong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo CeO2 catalysts were fabricated by dry ball milling in the absence or presence of organic ligand, denoted as CeO2‐A and CeO2‐B, respectively, and tested for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 (NH3‐SCR). It was found that the CeO2‐B catalyst exhibited high NH3‐SCR activities as well as high SO2 and H2O resistance. The characterizations of nitrogen adsorption (BET), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Raman spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), temperature‐programmed desorption (SO2‐TPD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that the addition of adipic acid in the synthetic procedure leaded to a high reducibility of cerium species and a special surface microstructure, including relative high surface defects and hierarchical pore structure of the CeO2 catalyst, which played important roles in enhancing NH3‐SCR performance. Meanwhile, the interaction between SO2 and CeO2 under different condition was investigated in detail by in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and SO2‐TPD. The data suggested that the high resistance to SO2 poisoning of CeO2‐B could be explained by a low amount of sulfur species formation and a low speed transformation of sulfites to sulfates on the ceria catalyst due to its special surface microstructure.
Steifigkeitsbeiträge durchgängiger Schotterschichten auf Eisenbahnbrücken mit Längsfugen
Authors: Bigelow Hetty , Rauert Tim , Hoffmeister Benno , Feldmann Markus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMessungen an Eisenbahnbrücken zeigen regelmäßig, dass rechnerische Prognosen der Steifigkeit und Eigenfrequenz oftmals nicht zutreffen. Zusätzlich zum tragenden Überbau leisten auch Elemente des Oberbaus, wie z. B. Schotterbett und Gleise, einen Beitrag zum dynamischen Verhalten der Brücken. Der vorliegende Aufsatz beschäftigt sich detailliert mit dem Beitrag des Eisenbahnschotters, wobei der Fokus auf der Interaktionswirkung zwischen zwei durch eine Längsfuge getrennten Überbauten infolge der darüber liegenden, durchgängigen Schotterschicht liegt. Zunächst werden die Ergebnisse durchgeführter Laborversuche vorgestellt, aus denen anschließend mechanische Kenngrößen zur Beschreibung der Koppelwirkung zwischen zwei Überbauten, verursacht über die Schotterschicht hergeleitet werden. Die vorliegenden Versuchsergebnisse sind weiterhin Ausgangspunkt für weitergehende Versuche in größerem Maßstab an einem neuen „Außenversuchsstand”.
Nichtrostender Stahl im Bauwesen – Bemessung von Stahltragwerken aus nichtrostendem Stahl nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐4
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Baddoo Nancy , Stehr Sebastian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTragwerke aus nichtrostendem Stahl kommen mehr und mehr zum Einsatz. Die aktuelle Bemessungsnorm zu nichtrostenden Stählen der Eurocode 3‐Familie, DIN EN 1993‐1‐4, kann nun, nachdem auch der Nationale Anhang hierzu letztes Jahr veröffentlicht wurde, angewendet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden im Rahmen des europäischen RFCS‐Dissemination Projekts PUREST die Bemessungshilfen zu nichtrostenden Stählen im Bauwesen aktualisiert und stehen den Anwendern zusammen mit einer Kommentierung, online nutzbarer Bemessungssoftware sowie einem Webinar als Hilfestellungen zur kostenlosen Verfügung. Diese Hilfestellungen liefern Erläuterungen und ermöglichen den Ingenieuren aus der Praxis ein größeres Verständnis der Anwendungs‐ und Ausführungsregeln zur Auslegung und Konstruktion von Tragwerken aus nichtrostendem Stahl.
Higher‐order beam model with eigenstrains: theory and illustrations
Authors: Corre Grégoire , Lebée Arthur , Sab Karam , Ferradi Mohammed Khalil , Cespedes Xavier 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA higher‐order beam model based on the asymptotic expansion method was suggested by Ferradi et al. Introducing new degrees of freedom specific to the applied loads into the kinematics of the beam, this model yields fast and accurate results. The present paper focuses on the extension of this model to the case of arbitrary eigenstrains expressed in a separate form between the longitudinal coordinate and the in‐section coordinates. The asymptotic expansion procedure is recalled and the derivation of a higher‐order beam model performed. The beam model is interpolated with NURBS. The case of a bridge deck heated on a localized area is studied. A second case study of a prestressed cantilever beam is then investigated. The results of the higher‐order beam model are compared to a 3D solution in each example. The performances of the beam model appears to be accurate and very time‐efficient.