bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isl‐1 positive pharyngeal mesenchyme subpopulation and its role in the separation and remodeling of the aortic sac in embryonic mouse heart
Authors: Wang Jing‐Jing , Liu Hui‐Xia , Song Li , Li Hai‐Rong , Yang Yan‐Ping , Zhang Tao , Jing Ya 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSecond heart field cells and neural crest cells have been reported to participate in the morphogenesis of the pharyngeal arch arteries (PAAs); however, how the PAAs grow out and are separated from the aortic sac into left and right sections is unknown.ResultsAn Isl‐1 positive pharyngeal mesenchyme protrusion in the aortic sac ventrally extends and fuses with the aortic sac wall to form a midsagittal septum that divides the aortic sac. The aortic sac division separates the left and right PAAs to form independent arteries. The midsagittal septum dividing the aortic sac has a different expression pattern from the aortic‐pulmonary (AP) septum in which Isl‐1 positive cells are absent. At 11 days post‐conception (dpc) in a mouse embryo, the Isl‐1 positive mesenchyme protrusion appears as a heart‐shaped structure, in which subpopulations with Isl‐1+ Tbx3+ and Isl‐1+ Nkx2.5+ cells are included.ConclusionsThe aortic sac is a dynamic structure that is continuously divided during the migration from the pharyngeal mesenchyme to the pericardial cavity. The separation of the aortic sac is not complete until the AP septum divides the aortic sac into the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk. Moreover, the midsagittal septum and the AP septum are distinct structures.
Prevalence of disability among the major cities in Australia 2012 with geographical representation of distribution in Western Australia
Authors: Liu Nicholas , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIssue addressedThe aim of this study was to use a novel approach to geographically model the relationship between socio‐economic disadvantage and prevalence of profound and severe disability.MethodThis study used national census data and the survey of disability, ageing and carers data to geographically model the relationship between socio‐economic disadvantage and prevalence of profound and severe disability.ResultThe results in this study show that there were more people living in the least disadvantaged areas (wealthiest) when compared to the most disadvantaged (poorest) areas. Whereas for people with a disability as the relative socio‐economic disadvantage of the area increased, the number of people reporting any disability also increased, with the highest number coming from the most disadvantaged areas. The maps show a significant distribution with fewer cases of disability in metropolitan areas and relatively higher number in the rural area along with the higher proportion of people with disability living in the relatively more disadvantaged areas.ConclusionSocio‐economic profile is one of the key factors influencing the various aspects of health and hence should hold an important place during policy making. Policy should be formulated and implemented to help reduce the inequality by either directly aiming at the most disadvantaged group or by trying to bridge the gap between them.So What?This paper provides a geographic visualisation of the distribution of people with profound and severe disability to help identify priority areas with high prevalence of disability.
Exercise induces region‐specific remodeling of astrocyte morphology and reactive astrocyte gene expression patterns in male mice
Authors: Lundquist Adam J. , Parizher Jacqueline , Petzinger Giselle M. , Jakowec Michael W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAstrocytes are essential mediators of many aspects of synaptic transmission and neuroplasticity. Exercise has been demonstrated to induce neuroplasticity and synaptic remodeling, such as through mediating neurorehabilitation in animal models of neurodegeneration. However, the effects of exercise on astrocytic function, and how such changes may be relevant to neuroplasticity remain unclear. Here, we show that exercise remodels astrocytes in an exercise‐ and region‐dependent manner as measured by GFAP and SOX9 immunohistochemistry and morphological analysis in male mice. Additionally, qRT‐PCR analysis of reactive astrocyte gene expression showed an exercise‐induced elevation in brain regions known to be activated by exercise. Taken together, these data demonstrate that exercise actively modifies astrocyte morphology and drives changes in astrocyte gene expression and suggest that astrocytes may be a central component to exercise‐induced neuroplasticity and neurorehabilitation.
Daily Supplementation with Fresh Angelica keiskei Juice Alleviates High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity in Mice by Modulating Gut Microbiota Composition
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Wu Weicheng , Li Xiaoqiong , Xin Xiaoting , Liu Daqun 
Published: June 2019

ScopeAngelica keiskei is associated with several health benefits, but little is known about the effect of A. keiskei juice (AKJ), which is rich in polyphenols, coumarins, and other healthful agents, on high‐fat diet‐induced obesity or its relationship with intestinal microbiota composition changes.Methods and resultsC57BL/6 mice are fed either a normal diet (ND group; n = 8), a high‐fat diet (HFD group; n = 8), or a high‐fat diet supplemented with AKJ (AKJ group; n = 8) for 10 weeks. The results show that AKJ prevents weight gain, lowered fat accumulation, blood glucose, serum lipid levels, hepatic steatosis, and modulates the level of expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in mice with obesity. AKJ is found to normalize HFD‐induced gut dysbiosis. Particularly, AKJ ameliorates HFD‐dependent changes in the relative abundance of several taxa back to normal status (e.g., AKJ increased Bacteroides and decreased Mollicutes_RF9, Ruminococcaceae_UCG‐014, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus). Spearman's correlation analysis reveals that those genera are closely correlated with body weight, fasting serum glucose, and serum lipid levels.ConclusionThe results show that consumption of phytochemical‐rich AKJ may prevent HFD‐induced obesity and metabolic disorders via changes in metabolic genes and gut microbiota composition.
Do We Have Clinical Equipoise (or Uncertainty) About How Much Protein to Provide to Critically Ill Patients?
Authors: Patel Jayshil J. , Rice Todd , Compher Charlene , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current recommendation for protein dose in critically ill patients is 1.2–2.0 g/kg/d. Despite this recommendation, there is significant variation in the amount of protein prescribed and delivered worldwide. We contend clinical equipoise, or a state of genuine uncertainty about 2 (dosing) strategies, exists because guideline‐based recommendations for protein dose in critically ill patients are rooted in a weak evidentiary base, leaving the clinician with no good basis for choosing a lower or higher protein dose. We outline evidence for and against high protein dose and introduce a pragmatic, registry‐based, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, known as EFFORT, which aims to resolve the high vs low protein dose controversy.
Examining Mid‐Upper Arm Circumference Malnutritionz‐Score Thresholds
Authors: Stephens Karen , Orlick Meike , Beattie Shannon , Snell Audrey , Munsterman Kim , Oladitan Leah , Abdel‐Rahman Susan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnthropometricz‐scores used commonly for diagnosis and determining degree of malnutrition, specifically body mass index (BMIz), weight‐for‐length (WLz), and mid‐upper arm circumference (MUACz), are not wholly concordant, yet the proposed thresholds for classification are identical. This study was designed to critically examine MUACz thresholds and their ability to correctly classify nutrition status.MethodsThis was a 2‐year, prospective single‐center study of children ≤18 years seen by registered dietitians within a large pediatric institution. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive performance of the malnutrition classification thresholds were estimated against clinician‐based classification.ResultsSixty‐one dietitians enrolled 10,401 patients with distributions ofz‐scores for weight (−0.5 ± 1.9), length (−0.8 ± 1.6), BMI or WL (−0.1 ± 1.8), and MUAC (−0.4 ± 1.5), suggesting participants were smaller and shorter than the reference U.S. population. Distributions of MUACz were broad and overlapped between nutrition classification groups, an observation that extended to BMIz and WLz as well. Consequently, existing thresholds do not accurately classify 100% of children. Misclassification rates increase, with increasing severity ranging from 8% in children with no malnutrition to 71% in children with severe malnutrition. Algorithm‐ and manually‐based refinement of thresholds result in mixed improvements and can be explored by the reader with the associated supplement.ConclusionThe sensitivity of proposed MUACz thresholds systematically decreases with increasing severity of malnutrition and will require optimization if we aim to limit the number of children at risk of misclassification. Indicators for overnutrition remain to be addressed but are explored herein.
Using the Results from Rigorous Multisite Evaluations to Inform Local Policy Decisions
Authors: Orr Larry L. , Olsen Robert B. , Bell Stephen H. , Schmid Ian , Shivji Azim , Stuart Elizabeth A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEvidence‐based policy at the local level requires predicting the impact of an intervention to inform whether it should be adopted. Increasingly, local policymakers have access to published research evaluating the effectiveness of policy interventions from national research clearinghouses that review and disseminate evidence from program evaluations. Through these evaluations, local policymakers have a wealth of evidence describing what works, but not necessarily where. Multisite evaluations may produce unbiased estimates of the average impact of an intervention in the study sample and still produce inaccurate predictions of the impact for localities outside the sample for two reasons: (1) the impact of the intervention may vary across localities, and (2) the evaluation estimate is subject to sampling error. Unfortunately, there is relatively little evidence on how much the impacts of policy interventions vary from one locality to another and almost no evidence on the implications of this variation for the accuracy with which the local impact of adopting an intervention can be predicted using findings from an evaluation in other localities. In this paper, we present a set of methods for quantifying the accuracy of the local predictions that can be obtained using the results of multisite randomized trials and for assessing the likelihood that prediction errors will lead to errors in local policy decisions. We demonstrate these methods using three evaluations of educational interventions, providing the first empirical evidence of the ability to use multisite evaluations to predict impacts in individual localities—i.e., the ability of “evidence‐based policy” to improve local policy.
Fostering human health through ocean sustainability in the 21st century
Authors: Fleming Lora E. , Maycock Bruce , White Mathew P. , Depledge Michael H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The approach of the Decade of the Ocean for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) provides a time to reflect on what we know about the complex interactions between the seas, oceans, and human health and well‐being. In the past, these interactions have been seen primarily within a risk framework, for example, adverse impacts of extreme weather, chemical pollution and increasingly, climate change.

However, new research is expanding our concept of the ‘health’ of the ‘Global Ocean’, with a broader recognition of its essential and beneficial contribution to the current and future health and well‐being of humans. The seas and coasts not only provide an essential source of food, opportunities for trade and access to sustainable energy, but also the chance for people to interact with high‐quality marine environments which can lead to improvements in mental and physical health and well‐being, particularly of socio‐economically deprived individuals.

By going beyond this risk framework and a purely extractive anthropocentric point of view, we can capture the true benefits, value and importance of these resources. Articulating a vision of how humans might better interact with marine ecosystems in the future, is a key first step in identifying a range of policy and management actions that can deliver our goals of fostering health and well‐being through the establishment of more sustainable interconnections with the Global Ocean.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Modeling the electronic structures of the ground and excited states of the ytterbium atom and the ytterbium dimer: A modern quantum chemistry perspective
Authors: Tecmer Paweł , Boguslawski Katharina , Borkowski Mateusz , Żuchowski Piotr S. , Kędziera Dariusz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe present a comprehensive theoretical study of the electronic structures of the Yb atom and the Yb2 molecule, respectively, focusing on their ground and lowest‐lying electronically excited states. Our study includes various state‐of‐the‐art quantum chemistry methods such as CCSD, CCSD(T), CASPT2 (including spin‐orbit coupling), and EOM‐CCSD as well as some recently developed pCCD‐based approaches and their extensions to target excited states. Specifically, we scan the lowest‐lying potential energy surfaces of the Yb2 dimer and provide a reliable benchmark set of spectroscopic parameters including optimal bond lengths, vibrational frequencies, potential energy depths, and adiabatic excitation energies. Our in‐depth analysis unravels the complex nature of the electronic spectrum of Yb2, which is difficult to model accurately by any conventional quantum chemistry method. Finally, we scrutinize the bi‐excited character of the first excited state and its evolution along the potential energy surface.
The role of international partnerships in improving urethral reconstruction in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Haider Maahum , Jalloh Mohamed , Yin Jiaqi , Diallo Amadou , Puttkammer Nancy , Gueye Serigne , Niang Lamine , Wessells Hunter , McCammon Kurt 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Purpose
To explore the impact of education and training in international surgical partnerships on outcomes of urethral stricture disease in low- and middle-income countries. To encourage data collection and outcomes assessments to promote evidence-based and safe surgical care.

Methods
Qualitative data were collected through observation of a reconstructive surgical workshop held by IVUmed at a host site in Dakar, Senegal. Quantitative data were collected through a retrospective review of 11 years of hospital data to assess surgical outcomes of urethral stricture disease before and after IVUmed started reconstructive workshops at the site.

Results
In the 11-year study period, 569 patients underwent 774 surgical procedures for urethral strictures. The numbers and types of urethroplasty techniques increased after IVUmed started its workshops. The average number of urethroplasties increased from 10 to 18.75/year. There was a statistically significant improvement in the mean success rate of urethroplasties from 12.7% before to 29% after the workshops. Anastomotic urethroplasty success rates doubled from 16.7 to 35.1%, but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.07). The improved success rate was sustained in cases performed without an IVUmed provider.

Conclusions
Urethral stricture disease treatment in low- and middle-income countries is fraught with challenges due to complex presentations and limited subspecialty training. Improper preoperative management, lack of specialty instruments, and suboptimal wound care all contribute to poor outcomes. International surgical groups like IVUmed who employ the “teach-the-teacher” model enhance local practitioner expertise and independence leading to long-term improvements in patient outcomes. Tailoring practice guidelines to the local resource framework and encouraging data collection and outcomes assessment are vital components of providing responsible care and should be encouraged.
The effect of episodic retrieval on inhibition in task switching: a diffusion model analysis
Authors: Kowalczyk Agnieszka W. , Grange James A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Inhibition in task switching is inferred from $$n-2$$

n
-
2

task repetition costs: slower response times and poorer accuracy for ABA task switching sequences compared to CBA sequences, thought to reflect the persisting inhibition of task A across an ABA sequence. Much work has examined the locus of this inhibition effect, with evidence that inhibition targets response selection processes. Consistent with this, fits of the diffusion model to $$n-2$$

n
-
2

task repetition cost data have shown that the cost is reflected by lower estimates of drift rate, suggesting that inhibition impairs information processing efficiency during response selection. However, we have shown that the $$n-2$$

n
-
2

task repetition cost is confounded with episodic retrieval effects which masquerade as inhibitory costs. The purpose of the current study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of diffusion model fits to new data within a paradigm that controls for episodic interference. Across four experiments (total $$N = 191$$

N
=
191

), we find evidence that the reduction of drift rate for $$n-2$$

n
-
2

task repetition costs is only evident under conditions of episodic interference, and the cost is absent when this interference is controlled for. In addition, we also find evidence that episodic retrieval influences task preparation processes and response caution. These findings provide important constraints for theories of task switching that suggest inhibition selectively targets response selection processes.
Establishing a typology of open innovation strategies and their differential impacts on innovation success in an Asia-Pacific developed economy
Authors: Cheng Colin C. J. , Shiu Eric C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFirms use open innovation strategy to explore external knowledge or exploit internal knowledge to benefit their product/service innovations, and thus enhance their innovation performance. However, a lack of relational mechanisms makes it more difficult for collaborative partners to share their knowledge assets. Existing literature lacks a clear explanation of how knowledge and relational mechanisms simultaneously function for innovation success. In response, this study attempts to answer: (1) Can archetypes of open innovation strategies be identified by knowledge and relational mechanisms simultaneously? And, (2) Do they differ in their ability to predict innovation success under the condition of innovation process characteristics? An exploratory study of 78 open innovation firms reflects four archetypes of open innovation strategies. A subsequent cross-industry survey of 248 open innovation firms in Taiwan reveals that the four archetypes of open innovation strategies result in varying degrees of innovation success, and innovation process characteristics positively moderate such associations.
Seismological analyses of the seismic microzonation of 138 municipalities damaged by the 2016–2017 seismic sequence in Central Italy
Authors: Priolo E. , Pacor F. , Spallarossa D. , Milana G. , Laurenzano G. , Romano M. A. , Felicetta C. , Hailemikael S. , Cara F. , Di Giulio G. , Ferretti G. , Barnaba C. , Lanzano G. , Luzi L. , D’Amico M. , Puglia R. , Scafidi D. , Barani S. , De Ferrari R. , Cultrera G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the seismological analyses performed within the framework of the seismic microzonation study for the reconstruction of 138 municipalities damaged by the 2016–2017 sequence in Central Italy. Many waveforms were recorded over approximately 15 years at approximately 180 instrumented sites equipped with permanent or temporary stations in an area that includes all the damaged localities. Site response was assessed using earthquake and noise recordings at the selected stations through different parameters, such as spectral amplification curves, fundamental resonance frequencies, site-specific response spectra, and average amplification factors. The present study was a collaboration of many different institutions under the coordination of the ItalianCenter for Seismic Microzonation and its applications. The results were homogenized and gathered into site-specific forms, which represent the main deliverable for the benefit of Italian Civil Protection. It is remarkable that the bulk of this study was performed in a very short period (approximately 2 months) to provide quantitative information for detailed microzonation and future reconstruction of the damaged municipalities.
Printed carbon based interface for protein immobilization
Authors: Wróblewski Grzegorz , Janczuk-Richter Marta , Wolkowicz Tomasz , Jakubowska Malgorzata , Niedziolka-Jonsson Joanna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the investigations was to find a method of protein immobilisation in screen printed graphite layers. Three commonly used graphite powders were used to prepare conductive layers via screen printing. Several printing pastes with different carbon to polymer resin (polymethylmethacrylate) ratios were tested and the composition with the best electrical properties was selected for further investigations related to green fluorescent protein immobilisation. Six different procedures of protein immobilisation were examined including physical adsorption, electrochemical generation of carboxylic groups and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide activation, graphite functionalisation with succinic anhydride and graphite functionalisation with 3-(triethoxysilyl)propylsuccinic anhydride. Some of the functionalisation procedures were done before printing (functionalisation of graphite powders) and the others were done on printed and cured coatings. Printed graphite layers with immobilised green fluorescent proteins were studied with confocal fluorescent microscopy to assess the efficiency of the immobilisation procedures. The best results were observed for graphite functionalisation with succinic anhydride and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide activation of carboxylic groups.
Whales, fish and Alaskan bears: interest-relative taxonomy and kind pluralism in biology
Authors: Taylor Henry 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper uses two case studies to explore an interest-relative view of taxonomy and how it complements kind pluralism in biology. First, I consider the ABC island bear, which can be correctly classified into more than one species. I argue that this classificatory pluralism can be explained by reference to the range of alternative explanatory interests in biology. In the second half of the paper, I pursue an interest-relative view of classification more generally. I then apply the resultant view to a second case study: whether whales are fish. I argue that this question is not one about scientific vs folk usage, as has been assumed. I also develop a new view: that Fish should be rejected as a category, both from the point of view of biological science, and from the point of view of folk taxonomy. Along the way, I use the interest-relative view to shed light on the circumstances under which higher taxa should be accepted as legitimate categories for biological science.