bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro antimicrobial activity of a new ophthalmic solution containing povidone‐iodine 0.6% (IODIM®)
Authors: Pinna Antonio , Donadu Matthew Gavino , Usai Donatella , Dore Stefano , D'Amico‐Ricci Giuseppe , Boscia Francesco , Zanetti Stefania 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo assess the in vitro antimicrobial activity of a new commercial ophthalmic solution containing povidone‐iodine 0.6% (IODIM®).MethodsStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, three ocular bacterial isolates (1 S. epidermidis, 1 S. aureus, 1 P. aeruginosa) and five Candida species were used. The bacterial and fungal isolates were cultured on Columbia blood agar base plates and Sabouraud‐dextrose agar plates, respectively and incubated overnight at 37°C. Bacterial and fungal suspensions in sterile saline solution were prepared to an optical density equal to 0.5 McFarland standard (approximately 108 CFU/ml). Suspensions of the isolates were made in IODIM® solution to obtain a final concentration of 106 CFU/ml. The suspensions were then distributed in conical tubes in a final volume of 1 ml and incubated at 37°C. At different time‐points (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 min and 24 hr), 10 μl of each suspension was removed, seeded on Columbia blood agar base and Sabouraud‐dextrose agar plates and then incubated for 24 hr at 37°C. Positive and negative controls were included in all experiments.ResultsAfter 5‐min incubation, there was no bacterial growth on any plate. Conversely, IODIM® failed to kill the Candida isolates after 30 min’ exposure and needed 24 hr to eradicate the organisms.ConclusionIODIM® ophthalmic solution showed in vitro antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and Candida species. Results suggest that it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of ocular surface infections and antimicrobial prophylaxis before intravitreal injections.
Kaempferol alleviates the reduction of developmental competence during aging of porcine oocytes
Authors: Yao Xuerui , Jiang Hao , Li Ying‐Hua , Gao Qingshan , Xu Yong Nan , Kim Nam‐Hyung 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKaempferol (KAE) is a natural flavonoid present in different plant species and exhibits anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer therapeutic properties. In the present study, we investigated the influence and underlying mechanisms of KAE supplementation on porcine oocytes during in vitro aging. The results show that KAE treatment can alleviate the aging‐related reduction of developmental competence. We observed that the blastocyst production rate in aged oocytes treated with 0.1 μM KAE was significantly higher than in untreated aging oocytes (36.78 ± 0.86% vs. 27.55 ± 2.60%, respectively, p < .05). The KAE‐treated aging oocytes had significantly reduced levels of reactive oxygen species (p < .05). Furthermore, the mRNA levels of the embryonic pluripotency‐related genes Oct4, NANOG, and ITGA5 were significantly increased in blastocysts derived from KAE‐treated oocytes (p < .05). During excessive oocyte culture, KAE treatment maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced apoptosis; however, this was not observed in untreated aging oocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that KAE treatment can alleviate the aging of porcine oocytes by reducing oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.
The safety of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid use during the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Daniel Sharon , Doron Maya , Fishman Boris , Koren Gideon , Lunenfeld Eitan , Levy Amalia 
Published: September 2019

AimsThe goal of the current study was to assess the risk for major congenital malformations following first‐trimester exposure to amoxicillin, or amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (ACA).MethodsA population‐based retrospective cohort study was conducted, by linking 4 computerized databases: maternal and infant hospitalization records, drug dispensing database of Clalit Health Services in Israel and data concerning pregnancy terminations. Multivariate negative‐binomial regression was used to assess the risk for major malformations following first‐trimester exposure, adjusted for mother's age, ethnicity (Bedouin vs Jewish), parity, diabetes mellitus, lack of perinatal care, and the year of birth.ResultsThe study included 101 615 pregnancies, of which 6919 (6.8%) were exposed to amoxicillin: 1045 (1.0%) to amoxicillin only and 6041 (5.9%) to ACA. No significant association was found, in the univariate and multivariate analyses, between first‐trimester exposure to amoxicillin or ACA and major malformations in general (crude relative risk, 1.05 95% confidence interval 0.95–1.16; adjusted relative risk 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.98–1.20), or for major malformations according to organ systems. No dose–response relationship was found between exposure in terms of the defined daily dose and major malformations.ConclusionExposure to amoxicillin and ACA during the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic evaluation of cefuroxime in perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis
Authors: Rimmler Christer , Lanckohr Christian , Akamp Ceren , Horn Dagmar , Fobker Manfred , Wiebe Karsten , Redwan Bassam , Ellger Bjoern , Koeck Robin , Hempel Georg 
Published: September 2019

AimsAdequate plasma concentrations of antibiotics during surgery are essential for the prevention of surgical site infections. We examined the pharmacokinetics of 1.5 g cefuroxime administered during induction of anaesthesia with follow‐up doses every 2.5 hours until the end of surgery. We built a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model with the aim to ensure adequate antibiotic plasma concentrations in a heterogeneous population.MethodsA physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PK‐Sim®/MoBi®) was developed to investigate unbound plasma concentrations of cefuroxime. Blood samples from 25 thoracic surgical patients were analysed with high‐performance liquid chromatography. To evaluate optimized dosing regimens, physiologically based pharmacokinetic model simulations were conducted.ResultsDosing simulations revealed that a standard dosing regimen of 1.5 g every 2.5 hours reached the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target for Staphylococcus aureus. However, for Escherichia coli, >50% of the study participants did not reach predefined targets. Effectiveness of cefuroxime against E. coli can be improved by administering a 1.5 g bolus immediately followed by a continuous infusion of 3 g cefuroxime over 3 hours.ConclusionThe use of cefuroxime for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent staphylococcal surgical site infections appears to be effective with standard dosing of 1.5 g preoperatively and follow‐up doses every 2.5 hours. In contrast, if E. coli is relevant in surgeries, this dosing regimen appears insufficient. With our derived dose recommendations, we provide a solution for this issue.
A contemporary, nationwide analysis of surgery and radiotherapy treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Roberts Matthew J. , Papa Nathan , Perera Marlon , Scott Susan , Teloken Patrick E. , Joshi Andre , Vela Ian , Pryor David , Martin Jarad , Woo Henry 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo characterize national clinical practice trends in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) in Australia.Patients and MethodsPopulation‐level data were extracted from existing Medicare Benefits Schedule data for radical prostatectomy (RP) and brachytherapy (2002–2016), as well as external beam radiotherapy (EBRT; 2012–2016). Treatment rates were calculated relative to whole and PCa populations among privately treated patients. Overall age‐related and geographical trends were analysed.ResultsThe use of RP and low‐dose‐rate (LDR) brachytherapy increased between 2002 and 2009, but subsequently decreased to 124 and 6.9 per 100 000 men, respectively, in 2016. More dramatic decreases were observed for men aged <65 years. From 2012, rates of RP (15% drop) and LDR brachytherapy (58% drop) decreased, while the use of EBRT remained steady, falling by 5% to 42 per 100 000 men in 2016. Overall treatment increased in the age group 75–84 years, with the rate of RP increasing by 108%.ConclusionNational claims data indicate there has been a reduction in PCa treatment since 2009, which is mostly attributable to a reduction in the treatment of younger patients and reduced use of brachytherapy. RP is most commonly used and its use is rising in men aged >65 years.
Reduced uterine volume after induction of puberty in women with hypogonadism
Authors: Burt Elizabeth , Davies Melanie C. , Yasmin Ephia , Cameron‐Pimblett Antoinette , Mavrelos Dimitri , Talaulikar Vikram , Conway Gerard S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveAdequate uterine growth is an essential component of pubertal induction with exogenous oestradiol in those with hypogonadism. Poor uterine development will render the individual vulnerable in the context of fertility. We assessed uterine size using ultrasound in those who had undergone pubertal induction treatment compared with a reference group who had experienced spontaneous puberty.DesignThis is a single‐centre, retrospective, cross‐sectional study of women who underwent pubertal induction compared with a reference group.PatientsNinety‐five women with hypogonadism who had previously undergone pubertal induction and were receiving maintenance oestrogen replacement as adults were recruited: 48 women with Turner syndrome, 32 with premature ovarian insufficiency and 15 with gonadotrophin deficiency. The reference group consisted of 35 nulliparous women attending with male factor subfertility with a normal pelvis on ultrasonography.MeasurementsPelvic ultrasound was performed by a single observer. Uterine dimensions (total length, anterior–posterior (AP), transverse, uterine volume and fundal cervical AP ratio (FCR) measurements) were recorded. Clinical details were also recorded.ResultsThose with hypogonadism had significantly reduced uterine dimensions compared with the reference group (uterine length 64 mm vs 71 mm P = <.05, uterine volume 28.9 mL vs 43.9 mL P = <.05). All women in the reference group attained a mature uterine configuration with a FCR >1, compared with 84% of those with hypogonadism (P = .01). A total of 24% and 48% of the diagnostic group had total uterine length and uterine volume measurements less than the 5th percentile of the reference group, respectively. In a subgroup of 22 women in whom serum oestradiol concentrations could be analysed, there was a positive correlation between this parameter and uterine volume.ConclusionDespite standard oestrogen therapy, uterine growth is often compromised in those with hypogonadism. Uterine health has historically been overlooked in pubertal induction protocols; however, with increasing options for fertility treatment, adequate uterine development is crucial. Given the variation in uterine size witnessed, a more tailored approach to treatment with regular monitoring of uterine dimensions should be advocated.
Are dual and single exposures differently associated with clinical levels of trauma symptoms? Examining physical abuse and witnessing intimate partner violence among young children
Authors: Showalter Kathryn , Yoon Susan , Maguire‐Jack Kathryn , Wolf Kathryn G. , Letson Megan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA significant portion of children living in the United States have experienced trauma. Informed by the developmental traumatology model, we explored the effects of physical abuse and witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) on childhood trauma symptoms. This study utilizes a convenience sample of 580 high‐risk children between 3 and 12 years who received services from one‐child advocacy centre during a 12‐month period. We performed a series of binary logistic regression analyses to examine if physical abuse, exposure to IPV, and dual exposure (i.e., both physical abuse and IPV) are distinctly associated with six trauma symptoms, including anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress (PTS), dissociation, anger, and sexual concerns. The results indicated that dual exposure was predictive of all trauma symptoms, except for dissociation. Additionally, physical abuse was associated with PTS, anger, and sexual concerns, whereas exposure to IPV was associated with depression, PTS, and sexual concerns. Research and implications for practitioners working with young children are discussed.
Whole‐exome sequencing identifies rare pathogenic and candidate variants in sporadic Chinese Han deaf patients
Authors: Zou Songfeng , Mei Xueshuang , Yang Weiqiang , Zhu Rvfei , Yang Tao , Hu Hongyi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGenetic causes of hearing loss are highly heterogeneous and often ethnically specific. In recent years, a variety of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panels have been developed to target deafness‐causative genes. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES), on the other hand, was rarely used for genetic testing for deafness. In this study, we performed WES in 38 sporadic Chinese Han deaf patients who have been pre‐excluded for mutations in common deafness genes GJB2, SLC26A4 and MT‐RNR1. Non‐synonymous variants have been filtered based on their minor allele frequencies in public databases and ethnically matched controls. Bi‐allelic pathogenic mutations in eight deafness genes, OTOF, TRIOBP, ESPN, HARS2, CDH23, MYO7A, USH1C and TJP2, were identified in 10 patients, with 17 mutations identified in this study not being associated with deafness previously. For the rest 28 patients, possibly bi‐allelic rare non‐synonymous variants in an averaged 4.7 genes per patient were identified as candidate pathogenic causes for future analysis. Our study showed that WES may provide a unified platform for genetic testing of deafness and enables retro‐analyzing when new causative genes are revealed.
Diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath and computed tomography guided transthoracic needle aspiration
Authors: Zhu Jun , Gu Ye 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPeripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL) are difficult to diagnose. We analysed the diagnostic values and risks of endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS‐GS) and computed tomography‐guided transthoracic needle aspiration (CT‐TTNA) in diagnosing PPL.MethodsWe collected 250 cases received EBUS‐GS examination, and 279 cases received CT‐TTNA examination. We analysed the diagnosis results and the complications of each operation and determined the relevant indications.ResultsBiopsy was successful in 239 cases (95.6%) using EBUS‐GS and in 279 cases (100%) using CT‐TTNA. Lesions were smaller than or equal to 30 mm for biopsy using EBUS‐GS in 60.7% of the cases. The distances of lesions from the chest wall were greater than 80 mm for EBUS‐GS examination in 89.1% of the cases. The diagnostic rate of EBUS‐GS was 78.2%, including 41.8% (100 cases) malignant diseases. EBUS‐GS is a highly safe method. The distances of lesions from the chest wall were no greater than 80 mm for CT‐TTNA examination in 90.0% of the cases. The diagnosis rate using CT‐TTNA was 94.6%, including 90.0% (251 cases) malignant diseases. For CT‐TTNA, there is a high chance of complications such as pneumothorax and intrapulmonary hemorrhage.ConclusionEBUS‐GS and CT‐TTNA each have their own limitations. EBUS‐GS has a slightly lower diagnostic rate but higher safety, while CT‐TTNA has a higher diagnostic rate but requires attention to complications. For lesions 80 mm more from the chest wall, we recommend EBUS‐GS. For lesions 80 mm from or closer to the chest wall, we recommend CT‐TTNA.
Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure empowerment in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. The DATEMP questionnaire
Authors: Pereyra‐Rodriguez José Juan , Dominguez‐Cruz Javier Jesús , Hernandez‐Montoya Carlos , Galan‐Gutiérrez Manuel , Carrasco Pablo Martín , Luna Sara Alcántara , Navarro‐Triviño Francisco José , del Pozo Jesús , Ruiz‐Villaverde Ricardo 
Published: September 2019

SummaryBackground and objectivesIn recent years, the hypothesis that increasing the empowerment of patients can help to improve health outcomes and rationalize the use of health services has become relevant, especially for chronic diseases. Developing validated measurement tools is necessary to achieve this goal. In the field of dermatology, there are few studies related to empowerment of the patient.The aim of the present research is to develop and validate a self‐administered questionnaire for adult patients diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD) in order to measure their level of empowerment.MethodsAfter a literature review and the establishment of consulting groups of patients and dermatologists, a large battery of 35 items was generated, based on the dimensions included in previous empowerment descriptions. A multidisciplinary group selected the 20 most suitable items to include in the questionnaire. A cross‐sectional study was carried out with the items included in the questionnaire as well as demographic and clinical characteristics. To reduce the number of items and measure the construct validity, an exploratory factorial analysis (EFA) of the primary components and varimax rotation were used. Cronbach's α was used to measure the reliability of the individual scales and the global questionnaire.Results242 valid questionnaires were included. After completion of the EFA, the final Dermatitis Atópica EMPoderamiento (DATEMP) questionnaire was composed of 17 items that converged on four factors. The four scales had adequate reliability: “Knowledge” (Cronbach's alpha = 0.808), “Abilities” (Cronbach's alpha = 0.744), “Intention to change” (Cronbach's alpha = 0.798) and “Coping skills” (Cronbach's alpha = 0.772). The overall Cronbach's α of the questionnaire was 0.764.ConclusionsThe DATEMP questionnaire is the first specific empowerment measurement instrument developed for patients with AD that has demonstrated adequate levels of reliability and construct validity. It is a self‐administered questionnaire that is simple and quick to answer.
Favourable effect of the sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor canagliflozin plus the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor teneligliptin in combination on glycaemic fluctuation: An open‐label, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group comparison trial (the CALMER study)
Authors: Cho Kyu Yong , Nomoto Hiroshi , Nakamura Akinobu , Kawata Shinichiro , Sugawara Hajime , Takeuchi Jun , Nagai So , Tsuchida Kazuhisa , Omori Kazuno , Yokoyama Hiroki , Manda Naoki , Kurihara Yoshio , Aoki Shin , Atsumi Tatsuya , Miyoshi Hideaki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis multicentre, prospective, randomized, open‐label, blinded‐endpoint, parallel‐group, short‐term (4–5 weeks) controlled trial was conducted to investigate the superiority of the effect of reducing mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions (MAGE) during meal tolerance tests (MTTs) for the combination of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor compared with SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy. Ninety‐nine patients with type 2 diabetes who were taking teneligliptin (20 mg/d) were randomized to one of the following two groups: those who switched to 100 mg/d of canagliflozin (SWITCH group) or those who added 100 mg/d of canagliflozin (COMB group). MAGE in the COMB group was significantly decreased compared with that in the SWITCH group (COMB 117.5 ± 39.8 to 92.2 ± 28.0 mg/dL vs SWITCH 110.7 ± 29.8 to 104.2 ± 27.6 mg/dL; P<0.01). Mean blood glucose decreased significantly during MTTs in both groups, although the extent of the reduction was significantly greater in the COMB group (COMB 142.3 ± 28.7 to 119.5 ± 25.1 mg/dL vs SWITCH 146.4 ± 25.5 to 135.5 ± 22.4 mg/dL; P < 0.01). SGLT2 inhibitor combined with DPP‐4 inhibitor therapy strongly reduced glycaemic fluctuation compared with SGLT2 inhibitor monotherapy.
Absence of the fetal right pulmonary artery complicated with coarctation of the aorta: Prenatal and postnatal diagnosis
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Jiaqi , Feng Wei , Wu You , Yang Li , Yin Jiabao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUnilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) is a rare congenital cardiovascular malformation that can present as an isolated lesion or may be associated with other congenital heart malformations. Several studies have reported UAPA after birth. To our knowledge, the absence of the right pulmonary artery in the fetus has not been reported. Here, we report a rare case of fetal right pulmonary artery absence with aortic coarctation, which was confirmed by postpartum ultrasound and computed tomography angiography (CTA). Our case demonstrates that fetal echocardiography, especially the three‐vessel view, is beneficial for the prenatal diagnosis of pulmonary artery malformations.
“The Starry Sky.” A new intraprocedural three‐dimensional echocardiographic technique
Authors: Vairo Alessandro , Marro Matteo , Speziali Giovanni , Rinaldi Mauro , Salizzoni Stefano 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe NeoChord procedure is a micro‐invasive, trans‐ventricular, beating‐heart chordal replacement technique for patients with severe degenerative mitral valve regurgitation resulting from prolapsed or flail leaflets. Three dimensional transoesophageal echocardiographic guidance is crucial to assist the operator during the procedure. Equidistant placement of neochordae along the free edge of the prolapsing leaflet segment is important to ensure uniform stress distribution and to avoid damaging any of the previously placed neochordae. Lowering the image gain associated with the three‐dimensional surgical view of the mitral valve allows for signal attenuation of the native structures delineating the precise placement location of the neochordae.
Effects of Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body disease on subcortical atrophy
Authors: Yoo H. S. , Lee E. C. , Chung S. J. , Lee Y. H. , Lee S. G. , Yun M. , Lee P. H. , Sohn Y. H. , Seong J.‐K. , Ye B. S. 
Published: September 2019

Background and purposeSubcortical structures are affected by neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD). Although the co‐occurrence of AD and LBD pathologies and their possible interaction have been reported, the effect of AD and LBD on subcortical structures remains unknown. The effects of AD and LBD on subcortical atrophy and their relationship with cognitive dysfunction were investigated.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study recruited 42 patients with pure AD related cognitive impairment (ADCI), 30 patients with pure LBD related cognitive impairment (LBCI), 58 patients with mixed ADCI and LBCI, and 29 normal subjects. A general linear model was used to compare subcortical volume and shape amongst the groups, to investigate the independent and interaction effects of ADCI and LBCI on subcortical shape and volume, and to analyze the relationship between subcortical volume and cognitive dysfunction in each group.ResultsAlzheimer's disease related cognitive impairment and LBCI were independently associated with subcortical atrophies in the hippocampus and amygdala and in the hippocampus and putamen respectively, but their interaction effect was not significant. Compared to the control group, the pure LBCI group exhibited additional local atrophies in the amygdala, caudate and thalamus. Subcortical atrophies correlated differently with cognitive dysfunction according to the underlying causes of cognitive dysfunction.ConclusionsThe patterns of subcortical atrophies and their correlation with cognitive dysfunction differ according to the underlying AD, LBD or concomitant AD and LBD.