bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Physiology and Morphology of BLA‐Projecting NBM/SI Cholinergic Neurons in Mouse and Macaque
Authors: Luo Feng , Jiang Li , Desai Niraj S. , Bai Li , Watkins Gabrielle V. , Eldridge Mark A. G. , Plotnikova Anya S. , Mohanty Arya , Cummins Alex C. , Averbeck Bruno B. , Talmage David A. , Role Lorna W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCholinergic projection neurons of the nucleus basalis and substantia innominata (NBM/SI) densely innervate the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and have been shown to contribute to the encoding of fundamental and life‐threatening experiences. Given the vital importance of these circuits in the acquisition and retention of memories that are essential for survival in a changing environment, it is not surprising that the basic anatomical organization of the NBM/SI is well conserved across animal classes as diverse as teleost and mammal. What is not known is the extent to which the physiology and morphology of NBM/SI neurons have also been conserved. To address this issue, we made patch‐clamp recordings from NBM/SI neurons in ex vivo slices of two widely divergent mammalian species, mouse and rhesus macaque, focusing our efforts on cholinergic neurons that project to the BLA. We then reconstructed most of these recorded neurons post hoc to characterize neuronal morphology. We found that rhesus macaque BLA‐projecting cholinergic neurons were both more intrinsically excitable and less morphologically compact than their mouse homologs. Combining measurements of 18 physiological features and 13 morphological features, we illustrate the extent of the separation. Although macaque and mouse neurons both exhibited considerable within‐group diversity and overlapped with each other on multiple individual metrics, a combined morphoelectric analysis demonstrates that they form two distinct neuronal classes. Given the shared purpose of the circuits in which these neurons participate, this finding raises questions about (and offers constraints on) how these distinct classes result in similar behavior.
Real‐Time Surgical Planning for Cerebral Aneurysms Treated With Intrasaccular Flow Disruption Devices Based on Fast Virtual Deployment and Discrete Element Method
Authors: Li Xinzhuo , Geng Jiewen , Feng Yong , Wang Shengzhang , Zhang Hongqi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study introduces an innovative real‐time surgical planning platform optimized for the treatment of arterial aneurysms using intrasaccular flow disruption (IFD) devices. This platform incorporates a cutting‐edge fast virtual deployment (FVD) algorithm alongside a discrete element method (DEM) for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses. It facilitates the efficient virtual deployment of IFD devices, minimizing computational overhead while allowing for comprehensive postoperative hemodynamic efficacy assessment. The FVD algorithm employs an adaptive wall adherence and curvature control system, validated through both idealized and patient‐specific model simulations. Post‐treatment hemodynamic shifts are quantified by discretizing device wire filaments into discrete particles, which are then integrated with blood flow simulations for enhanced realism. The FVD algorithm efficiently executes virtual deployment of IFD devices within seconds, producing DEM‐CFD computational models that align closely with bench testing, traditional Finite Element Method (FEM) analyses, and angiographic data. DEM‐CFD outcomes link occlusion effectiveness to post‐implantation hemodynamic characteristics, influenced by the aneurysm's unique anatomical features and clinical intervention strategies. The proposed platform demonstrates substantial improvement in balancing computational efficiency with analytical precision. It provides a viable and innovative framework for real‐time surgical planning, presenting significant implications for clinical application in arterial aneurysm management.
Localized Light‐Induced Precipitation of Inorganic Materials
Authors: Mordini Dario , Besirske Patricia , García‐Ruiz Juan Manuel , Montalti Marco , Menichetti Arianna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe light‐induced control in the fabrication of materials is a field in continuous development. So far, photo‐induced processes have been used mostly for organic polymeric materials. However, there is a recent, increasing interest in exploring the possibility of using these techniques to induce the precipitation of inorganic materials. This perspective paper outlines the main principles of the light‐induced precipitation of inorganic materials, focusing on the recent papers published in this field. The description of the mechanisms and the materials involved in these light‐induced processes highlight their many possibilities and future challenges, which could pave the way for significant advancements in this exciting technology.
Hemiindigoids as Prominent Photoswitch Scaffolds
Authors: Gernet Aurélie , Toursel Loïc , Balivet Louise‐Marie , Pagès Lucas , Jean Ludovic 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHemiindigo photoswitches, a class of chromophores derived from the well‐known indigo dye, have attracted considerable interest over the past two decades. These compounds are unique in their ability to absorb light in the visible region of the spectrum in both isomeric states, making them ideal for applications where high‐energy UV light is not tolerated. A particularly attractive feature of hemiindigoids is that, despite their rigid structures, they undergo significant and controllable changes during the photoisomerisation process. Moreover, they exhibit a combination of high thermal bistability, pronounced photochromism, and fast, efficient photoisomerisation, positioning hemiindigoid photoswitches as versatile chromophores. This review summarises the current developments and advances in hemiindigoid photoswitches, including their synthesis, photoswitching performance, and applications, with a strong focus on their practical use as reversible triggers in fields ranging from photopharmacology to advanced materials.
Synthesis and Application of a Caged Bioluminescent Probe for the Immunoproteasome
Authors: Loy Cody A. , Trader Darci J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMonitoring the catalytic activity of the proteasome and its various isoforms has become increasingly important with the continued development of core particle inhibitors and targeted protein degraders as potential therapies for diseases with high protein accumulation. The immunoproteasome (iCP) is expressed in a variety of diseases due to inflammatory signals, such as interferon‐gamma, that alert the cell to begin generating iCP preferentially over the standard proteasome. There is a need to understand iCP activity and expression both in cells and in vivo because it is becoming a widely targeted isoform in a variety of diseases. Activity‐based probes for the iCP have been developed, but their application has been limited due to their difficult synthesis and choice of fluorescent reporter. There has yet to be a selective iCP probe developed that incorporates a luminescent reporter that could be applied to a variety of different applications. The protocols presented here describe the synthesis of a cleavable activity‐based bioluminescent probe that is selective for the iCP, and the application of the synthesized probe in immunoproteasome activity assays using a luminescent plate reader. Having this bioluminescent reporter, a better understanding of how the iCP is implicated in disease progression, as well as identification of small molecule interactors, can be achieved. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of a bioluminescent immunoproteasome probeBasic Protocol 2: Expression of the immunoproteasome in cellsBasic Protocol 3: Immunoproteasome probe application in live cells using a luminescent plate reader
Polyethyleneimine‐Templated ZIF‐8 Nanoparticles Impart the Nanofiltration Membrane with High Mg2+/Li+ Separation Performance
Authors: Dong Yanan , Bai Ju , Xiao Luqi , Chen Shangqing , Bai Lu , Cheng Huaigang , Shan Linglong , Wang Junfeng , Nie Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMOFs‐modified nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been gained a lot of attention due to their favorable permeability and ion separation performance. Nevertheless, the prevailing preparation techniques are afflicted by the incompatibility of MOFs with polymers and the facile loss of MOFs. In this work, polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐templated ZIF‐8 (PEI‐ZIF‐8) was synthesized and incorporated into the PEI aqueous solution, then interfacial polymerized with trimesoyl chloride (TMC) to obtain the PEI‐ZIF‐8 modified polyamide NF membrane. This PEI modified strategy could endow the ZIF‐8 nanoparticles with positively charged properties to avoid the aggregation and increase the interfacial compatibility with the polyamide. Meanwhile, the appropriate pore size of ZIF‐8 (3.4 Å), which is between the hydration sheath surrounding of Li+ (2 Å) and Mg2+ (4.2 Å) impart the membrane with precise Mg2+/Li+ separation ability. The optimal PEI‐ZIF‐8‐TMC membrane exhibits a permeance of 9 L/h m2bar and a Mg2+/Li+ separation factor (SF) of 19, both of which surpass the performance of the pure PEI‐TMC membrane, which has a permeance of 4 L/h m2bar and a Mg2+/Li+ separation factor of 11. Meanwhile, the membrane exhibited excellent long‐term stability of 85 h. This novel approach to preparing MOFs‐modified NF membrane represents a promising avenue for the separation of lithium and magnesium.
Research on Spatiotemporal Evolution Methods Networks Based on Deep Learning: Arctic Shipping Data as a Case
Authors: Li Changrong , Wei Duan , Li Zhenfu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis article uses deep learning to study the spatiotemporal evolution method of vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs). Firstly, the research background and significance are introduced, as well as the research status of VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods and deep learning‐based VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods both domestically and internationally. Then, the related theoretical foundations of deep learning and traditional VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods are elaborated in detail. Subsequently, three VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods based on long short‐term memory‐convolutional neural network (LSTM‐CNN), deep time generative adversarial network (D‐TGAN), and fully connected network (FCN) are proposed, and simulation experiments are conducted for each method to analyze the experimental results. Finally, the main work of the whole article is summarized, and future research directions are discussed. Through this study, new ideas and methods can be provided for the development of VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods.
Association of plasma neurofilament light chain with microstructural white matter changes in Down syndrome
Authors: Rosas Herminia Diana , Mercaldo Nathaniel David , Hasimoglu Yasemin , Petersen Melissa , Lewis Lydia R. , Lai Florence , Powell David , Dhungana Asim , Demir Ali , Keater David , Yassa Michael , Brickman Adam M. , O'Bryant Sid 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONBoth micro‐ and macrostructural white matter (WM) abnormalities, particularly those related to axonal degeneration, are associated with cognitive decline in adults with Down syndrome (DS) prior to a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a support protein within myelinated axons released into blood following axonal damage. In this study we investigated cross‐sectional relationships between WM microstructural changes as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and plasma NfL concentration in adults with DS without dementia.METHODSThirty cognitively stable (CS) adults with DS underwent diffusion‐weighted MRI scanning and plasma NfL measurement. DTI measures of select WM tracts were derived using automatic fiber tracking, and associations with plasma NfL were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients.RESULTSHigher Plasma NfL was associated with greater altered diffusion measures of select tracts.DISCUSSIONEarly increases in plasma NfL may reflect early white matter microstructural changes prior to dementia in DS.Highlights
The onset of such WM changes in DS has not yet been widely studied.
WM microstructural properties correlated with plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL).
NfL may reflect early, selective WM changes in adults with DS at high risk of developing AD.
Aβ status assessment in a hypothetical scenario prior to treatment with disease‐modifying therapies: Evidence from 10‐year real‐world experience at university memory clinics
Authors: Brendel Matthias , Parvizi Tandis , Gnörich Johannes , Topfstedt Christof Elias , Buerger Katharina , Janowitz Daniel , Rauchmann Boris‐Stephan , Perneczky Robert , Kurz Carolin , Mehrens Dirk , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Kusche‐Palenga Julia , Kling Agnes Bernadette , Buchal Antonia , Nestorova Elizabet , Silvaieh Sara , Wurm Raphael , Traub‐Weidinger Tatjana , Klotz Sigrid , Regelsberger Günther , Rominger Axel , Drzezga Alexander , Levin Johannes , Stögmann Elisabeth , Franzmeier Nicolai , Höglinger Günter U. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWith the advent of disease‐modifying therapies, accurate assessment of biomarkers indicating the presence of disease‐associated amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology becomes crucial in patients with clinically suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD). We evaluated Aβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid (Aβ CSF) and Aβ levels in positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) biomarkers in a real‐world memory‐clinic setting to develop an efficient algorithm for clinical use.METHODSPatients were evaluated for AD‐related Aβ pathology from two independent cohorts (Ludwig Maximilian University [LMU], n = 402, and Medical University of Vienna [MUV], n = 144). Optimal thresholds of CSF biomarkers were deduced from receiver operating characteristic curves and validated against Aβ PET positivity.RESULTSIn both cohorts, a CSF Aβ42/40 ratio ≥ 7.1% was associated with a low risk of a positive Aβ PET scan (negative predictive value: 94.3%). Implementing two cutoffs revealed 14% to 16% of patients with intermediate results (CSF Aβ42/40 ratio: 5.5%–7.1%), which had a strong benefit from Aβ PET imaging (44%–52% Aβ PET positivity).DISCUSSIONA two‐cutoff approach for CSF Aβ42/40 including Aβ PET imaging at intermediate results provides an effective assessment of Aβ pathology in real‐world settings.Highlights
We evaluated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid beta (Aβ) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in real‐world cohorts.
A CSF Aβ 42/40 ratio between 5.5% and 7.1% defines patients at borderline levels.
Patients at borderline levels strongly benefit from additional Aβ PET imaging.
Two‐cutoff CSF Aβ 42/40 and PET will allow effective treatment stratification.
Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size
Authors: Dickmänken Eva , Larsson Maria , Ekström Ingrid , Olofsson Jonas , Grande Giulia , Rizzuto Debora , Laukka Erika J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe evaluated short versions of a 16‐item odor identification (OID) test, with regard to their ability to identify individuals at high dementia risk.METHODSParticipants from the population‐based SNAC‐K study (n = 2418) were followed across 12 years. We formed 13 abbreviated clusters based on the identifiability and perceptual characteristics of the Sniffin’ Sticks Test (SST) items, and pre‐existing test versions. Dementia hazard was estimated with Cox regressions.RESULTSLower OID scores were associated with an increased dementia hazard across all odor clusters. Lower performance in the high identifiability cluster showed the strongest association with dementia (hazard ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [1.28–1.51]). Moreover, the high‐intensity odor cluster showed a stronger association with dementia than the low‐intensity cluster (P = 0.02).DISCUSSIONThe findings suggest that the SST items differ with regard to their association with dementia and support using a reduced set size for clinical practice.Highlights
Odor identification (OID) items differ in their association with future dementia.
Reduced OID set sizes render hazard ratios comparable to larger set sizes.
Identifiability and perceptual characteristics of odors should be considered when designing dementia screening instruments.
Smaller and bolder fish enhance ecosystem‐scale primary production around artificial reefs in seagrass beds
Authors: Munsterman Katrina S. , Hesselbarth Maximilian H. K. , Allgeier Jacob E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEffective management of wild animals requires understanding how predation and harvest alter the composition of populations. These top‐down processes can alter consumer body size and behavior and thus should also have consequences for bottom‐up processes because (1) body size is a critical determinant of the amount of nutrients excreted and (2) variation in foraging behavior, which is strongly influenced by predation, can determine the amount and spatial distribution of nutrients. Changes to either are known to affect ecosystem‐scale nutrient dynamics, but the consequences of these dynamics on ecosystem processes are poorly understood. We used an individual‐based model of an artificial reef (AR) and reef fish in a subtropical seagrass bed to test how fish body size can interact with variation in foraging behavior at the population and individual levels to affect seagrass production in a nutrient‐limited system. Seagrass production dynamics can be driven by both belowground (BGPP) and aboveground primary production (AGPP); thus, we quantified ecosystem‐scale production via these different mechanistic pathways. We found that (1) populations of small fish generated greater total primary production (TLPP = BGPP + AGPP) than large fish, (2) fish that foraged more increased TLPP more than those that spent time sheltering on ARs, and (3) small fish that foraged more led to greatest increases in TLPP. The mechanism by which this occurred was primarily through increased BGPP, highlighting the importance of cryptic belowground dynamics in seagrass ecosystems. Populations of extremely bold individuals (i.e., foraged significantly more) slightly increased TLPP but strongly affected the distribution of production, whereby bold individuals increased BGPP, while populations of shy individuals increased AGPP. Taken together, these results provide a link between consumer body size, variation in consumer behavior, and primary production—which, in turn, will support secondary production for fisheries. Our study suggests that human‐induced changes—such as fishing—that alter consumer body size and behavior will fundamentally change ecosystem‐scale production dynamics. Understanding the ecosystem effects of harvest on consumer populations is critical for ecosystem‐based management, including the development of ARs for fisheries.
Unraveling the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Potamalpheops Sp. (Purple Zebra Shrimp) (Crustacea: Decapoda) Provides Insights Into Its Phylogenetic Relationships and Gene Order Rearrangements
Authors: Das Sofia Priyadarsani , Kao Yu‐Kai , Nguyen Huu‐The , Lin Yu‐Ru , Liao Zhen‐Hao , Hu Yeh‐Fang , Nan Fan‐Hua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the functions of mitochondrial genomes is crucial for studies related to the evolution of genomes, phylogenomics, and species identification. For the first time, complete mitogenome of Potamalpheops sp. a non‐snapping shrimp has been successfully sequenced and characterized from Taiwan that belongs to the Decapoda order, Crustacea class, and Caridea infraorder. This study involved analysis of nucleotide composition, codon usage, gene ordering, evolutionary selection pressure, and comparative mitogenomics. The mitogenome of Potamalpheops sp. is 16,605 base pairs in length and consists of standard set of 37 genes found in metazoans. The gene rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome of this species shows extensive rearrangements comparing to the typical pattern found in pancrustaceans mitogenomes. Therefore, it could be concluded that gene rearrangements most likely happen only in the caridea infraorder. The current investigation discovered transposition of the tRNA and rRNA genes along with reversal in strands in the tRNAs. No other Alpheidae mitochondrial genome that has been investigated thus far has revealed this pattern. All 13 protein coding genes in the mitochondrial genomes of superfamily Alphoidea exhibited Ka/Ks values lower than 1, according to the ratios of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions rates. This suggests that a strong purifying selection had taken place. The maximum likelihood tree consisting of 46 mitogenomes of infraorder Caridea along with outgroups, revealed the existence of Potamalpheops sp. in the family Alpheidae and it formed a monophyletic group along with Palaemonoidea and Alpheoidea superfamily.
Shifts in Chromosome Evolution Rates Shape the Karyotype Patterns of Leafcutting Ants
Authors: Cardoso Danon Clemes , Cristiano Maykon Passos 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTrait evolution has become a central focus in evolutionary biology, with phylogenetic comparative methods offering a framework to study how and why traits vary among species. Identifying variations in trait evolution rates within phylogenies is important for uncovering the mechanisms behind these differences. Karyotype variation, which is substantial across eukaryotic organisms, plays an essential role in species diversification. This study investigates karyotype variation within the leafcutting ant clade, focusing on chromosome number and morphology. We aim to determine whether karyotypic traits are phylogenetically dependent and how different evolutionary models explain karyotype diversity. Previous models have been insufficient in explaining these variations. To address these gaps, we employ modern phylogenetic methods to assess the impact of chromosomal fissions and fusions on karyotype evolution. By evaluating various evolutionary models—particularly the Brownian motion model, which suggests neutral chromosomal changes—we pursue for the further understanding the mode and tempo of karyotype evolution in ants. Our research examines how shifts in chromosomal change rates contribute to divergence among leafcutting ant species and assesses the role of chromosomal changes in the clade's evolutionary trajectory. Comparative analysis of leafcutting ant ideograms suggests that shared karyotype traits are strongly related to species relationships. This implies that karyotype diversification in leafcutting ants follows a phylogenetic trajectory at varying rates, with differences in karyotype traits reflecting the evolutionary distance between lineages. Particularly, the increase in the chromosome number of Acromyrmex is likely due to fission rearrangements rather than demi or polyploidization. We discuss and provide insights into the mechanisms driving karyotype variation and its implications for leafcutting ant diversification.