bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative dynamic survival of gastric cancer patients: A multi‐institutional, international analysis of 22 265 patients
Authors: Wang Jia‐Bin , Zhong Qing , Wang Wei , Desiderio Jacopo , Chen Shi , Liu Zhi‐Yu , Chen Qi‐Yue , Li Ping , Xie Jian‐Wei , Liu Feng‐Qiong , Zheng Chao‐Hui , Peng Jun‐Sheng , Zhou Zhi‐Wei , Parisi Amilcare , Huang Chang‐Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundHow to best evaluate the disease‐specific survival (DSS) of gastric cancer (GC) survivors over time is unclear.MethodsClinicopathological data from 22 265 patients who underwent curative intend resection for GC were retrospectively analyzed. Changes in the patients’ 3‐year conditional disease‐specific survival (CS3) were analyzed. We used time‐dependent Cox regression to analyze which variables had long‐term effects on DSS and devised a dynamic predictive model based on the length of survival.ResultsBased on 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survivorships, the CS3 of the population increased gradually from 62% to 68.1%, 83.7%, and 90.6%, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the CS3 of patients who had poor prognostic factors initially demonstrated the greatest increase in postoperative survival time (eg, N3b: 26.6%‐84.1%, Δ57.5% vs N0: 84.1%‐93.3%, Δ9.2%). Time‐dependent Cox regression analysis showed the following predictor variables constantly affecting DSS: age, the number of examined lymph nodes (LNs), T stage, N stage, and site (P < .05). These variables served as the basis for a dynamic prediction model.ConclusionsThe influence of prognostic factors on DSS and CS3 changed dramatically over time. We developed an effective model for predicting the DSS of patients with GC based on the length of survival time.
Tunable Engineering of Heparinized Injectable Hydrogels for Affinity‐Based Sustained Delivery of Bioactive Factors
Authors: Kim Seong Han , Thambi Thavasyappan , Lym Jae Seung , Giang Phan V.H. , Lee Doo Sung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHere, the design of an in situ‐forming injectable hydrogel is reported based on pH‐ and temperature‐responsive copolymers finely engineered with heparin for the sustained delivery of bioactive factors. In order to develop such heparinized injectable hydrogels, pH‐ and temperature‐responsive copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(urethane sulfamethazine) (PEG‐PUSSM) are synthesized and acrylated, and subsequently coupled with thiolated heparin through Michael‐addition reaction. The content of heparin in the bioconjugates (Hep‐PUSSM) is finely tuned to control the release of heparin‐binding bioactive factors. The free‐flowing bioconjugate sols at room temperature transform to stable viscoelastic gel in physiological conditions, indicating that heparin modification does not affect the sol–gel transition. The subcutaneous administration of bioconjugate sols to the dorsal‐region of Sprague‐Dawley rats forms a hydrogel depot and shows controlled degradation. The bioconjugates effectively bind with bioactive factors (VEGF) through simple mixing, and the release is controlled over a period of 4 weeks without an initial burst. As a result, the implantation of VEGF‐loaded bioconjugate gel induces angiogenesis throughout the hydrogel network. The tunable engineering of the injectable hydrogel by heparinization with independent controllable physical properties sustains the release of bioactive factors, indicating that it may be a promising platform for the delivery of bioactive factors.
A modified culture medium for improved isolation of marine vibrios
Authors: Tagliavia Marcello , Salamone Monica , Bennici Carmelo , Quatrini Paola , Cuttitta Angela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMarine Vibrio members are of great interest for both ecological and biotechnological research, which often relies on their isolation. Whereas many efforts have been made for the detection of food‐borne pathogenic species, much less is known about the performances of standard culture media toward environmental vibrios. We show that the isolation/enumeration of marine vibrios using thiosulfate‐citrate‐bile salts‐sucrose agar (TCBS) as selective medium may be hampered by the variable adaptability of different taxa to the medium, which may result even in isolation failure and/or in substantial total count underestimation. We propose a modified TCBS as isolation medium, adjusted for marine vibrios requirements, which greatly improved their recovery in dilution plate counts, compared with the standard medium. The modified medium offers substantial advantages over TCBS, providing more accurate and likely estimations of the actual presence of vibrios. Modified TCBS allowed the recovery of otherwise undetected vibrios, some of which producing biotechnologically valuable enzymes, thus expanding the isolation power toward potentially new enzyme‐producers Vibrio taxa. Moreover, we report a newly designed Vibrio‐specific PCR primers pair, targeting a unique rpoD sequence, useful for rapid confirmation of isolates as Vibrio members and subsequent genetic analyses.
The role of BRCA1/2 in hereditary and familial breast and ovarian cancers
Authors: Hawsawi Yousef M. , Al‐Numair Nouf S. , Sobahy Turki M. , Al‐Ajmi Areej M. , Al‐Harbi Raneem M. , Baghdadi Mohammed A. , Oyouni Atif A. , Alamer Osama M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundBRCA1/2 pathogenic variants have become associated with familial breast and ovarian cancers, and hereditary cancer‐predisposition syndrome. With advances in molecular biology, BRCA profiling facilitates early diagnosis and the implementation of preventive and therapeutic strategies. The genes exhibit variable prevalence among different individuals and moderate interpretation complexity. BRCA deficiency is instrumental in cancer development, affects therapeutic options and is instrumental in drug resistance. In addition, BRCA1/2 profile is diverse across different groups and has been associated with the “founder effect” in certain populations.MethodsIn this review, we aim to detail the spectrum of BRCA1/2 variants and their associated risk estimates.ResultsThe relationship between BRCA1/2 and hereditary and familial cancers is indisputable, yet BRCA screening methods are beset with limitations and lack clinical confidence.ConclusionThis review emphasizes the importance of screening BRCA genetics, in addition to their clinical utility. Furthermore, founder variants are anticipated in the Saudi population.
Children's own perspectives demonstrate the need to improve paediatric perioperative care
Authors: Lööf Gunilla , Andersson‐Papadogiannakis Nina , Silén Charlotte 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo explore children's perspectives when facing anaesthesia and surgery.DesignInterpretative qualitative design.MethodsChildren undergoing outpatient surgery were interviewed in three different phases, before and after anaesthesia and surgery (phase 1 and 2) and 1 month after the hospitalization (phase 3). Twenty‐two children (4–15 years) were interviewed in phase 1 and 2 and six children (5–13 years) in phase 3. Data were analysed using manifest and latent qualitative content analysis.ResultsTwo contrasting themes were identified: Fearful in association with anaesthesia and surgery and Confident in association with anaesthesia and surgery. Comprehension of the perioperative procedures, continuous information and interaction with the healthcare providers were decisive factors for children's expressions of confidence or fearfulness. Events considered as major from a healthcare perspective may be of no importance to the child, while events considered as less important by healthcare providers may be significant to the child. Understanding children's perspectives and awareness of their need to process the information provided are significant factors for establishment of trust and confidence in a highly technological perioperative environment.
BMI, Waist Circumference, and Risk of Incident Vertebral Fracture in Women
Authors: Paik Julie M. , Rosen Harold N. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Rosner Bernard A. , Rimm Eric B. , Gordon Catherine M. , Curhan Gary C. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the association between BMI, waist circumference, and vertebral fracture (VF) risk in women.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted in 54,934 Nurses’ Health Study participants. BMI was assessed biennially, and waist circumference was assessed in the year 2000. Self‐reports of VF were confirmed by record review. BMI reflects lean body mass, and waist circumference reflects abdominal adiposity when included in the same regression model.ResultsThis study included 536 VF cases (2002 to 2014). Compared with women with BMI of 21.0 to 24.9 kg/m2, the multivariable‐adjusted relative risk (RR) of VF for women with BMI ≥ 32.0 was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.61‐1.14; Ptrend = 0.08). After further adjustment for waist circumference, the multivariable‐adjusted RR of VF for women with BMI ≥ 32.0 was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49‐0.98; Ptrend = 0.003). Compared with women with waist circumference < 71.0 cm, the multivariable‐adjusted RR of VF for women with waist circumference ≥ 108.0 cm was 1.76 (95% CI: 1.06‐2.92; Ptrend = 0.01), and after further adjustment for BMI, the multivariable‐adjusted RR of VF was 2.49 (95% CI: 1.44‐4.33; Ptrend < 0.001).ConclusionsGreater lean body mass was independently associated with lower VF risk. Larger waist circumference was independently associated with higher VF risk. These findings suggest that fat distribution is an important predictor of VF and that avoiding central adiposity, as well as maintaining muscle mass, may potentially confer reduced risk of VF in older women.
Behavioral Predictors of Weight Regain in Postmenopausal Women: Exploratory Results From the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta
Authors: McNeil Jessica , Liepert Maryah , Brenner Darren R. , Courneya Kerry S. , Friedenreich Christine M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis secondary analysis assessed associations between changes in energy balance and sleep behaviors and the risk of weight regain following exercise‐induced weight loss.MethodsOf 400 participants initially randomized in the Breast Cancer and Exercise Trial in Alberta (BETA), 227 lost weight following the moderate‐ to vigorous‐intensity exercise intervention (−4.2 ± 3.6 kg) and were included in this analysis. Self‐reported energy intake (EI), sleep duration, quality and timing, and objective measurements of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time were collected at the end of the intervention and the end of follow‐up. Linear regression models assessed associations between changes in these behaviors and risk of weight regain during follow‐up.ResultsParticipants regained 43% of the weight lost during follow‐up. Reductions in moderate to vigorous PA (β = −1.00; 95% CI = −1.74 to −0.25 h/d; P = 0.01) and steps per day (β = −0.0003; 95% CI = −0.0005 to −0.0001 steps/d; P = 0.004); increases in sedentary time (β = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.02 h/d; P = 0.03), EI (β = 0.001; 95% CI = 0.0003 to 0.002 kcal; P = 0.01), and fat intake (β = 0.004; 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.006 kcal; P = 0.002); and delayed sleep timing midpoint (β = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.004 to 0.03 min; P = 0.01) were associated with weight regain during follow‐up.ConclusionsThese exploratory results suggest that reductions in moderate to vigorous PA; increases in EI, fat intake, and sedentary time; and delayed sleep timing midpoint were significantly associated with risk of weight regain.
Laccase Encapsulation in ZIF‐8 Metal‐Organic Framework Shows Stability Enhancement and Substrate Selectivity
Authors: Knedel Tim‐Oliver , Ricklefs Esther , Schlüsener Carsten , Urlacher Vlada B. , Janiak Christoph 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCgL1 laccase from Corynebacterium glutamicum was encapsulated into the metal‐organic framework (MOF) ZIF‐8 which was synthesized in a rapid enzyme friendly aqueous synthesis, the fastest in situ encapsulation of laccases reported to date. The obtained enzyme/MOF, i. e. laccase@ZIF‐8 composite showed enhanced thermal (up to 70 °C) and chemical (N,N‐dimethylformamide) stability, resulting in a stable heterogenous catalyst, suitable for high temperature reactions in organic solvents. Furthermore, the defined structure of ZIF‐8 produced a size selective substrate specificity, so that substrates larger than the pore size were not accepted. Thereby, 2’‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) was used to verify that the enzyme is immobilized inside the MOF versus the outside surface. The enzyme@MOF composite was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (ASS) to precisely determine the enzyme loading to 2.1 wt%.
The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the prediction of birthweight
Authors: Carlin Andrew , Kadji Caroline , Cannie Mieke M. , Resta Serena , Kang Xin , Jani Jacques C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExtremes of fetal growth can increase adverse pregnancy outcomes, and this is equally applicable to single and multiple gestations. Traditionally, these cases have been identified using simple two‐dimensional ultrasound which is quite limited by its low precision. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has now been used for many years in obstetrics, mainly as an adjunct to ultrasound for congenital abnormalities and increasingly as part of the post‐mortem examination. However, MRI can also be used to accurately assess fetal weight as first demonstrated by Baker et al in 1994, using body volumes rather than standard biometric measurements. This publication was followed by several others, all of which confirmed the superiority of MRI; however, despite this initial promise, the technique has never been successfully integrated into clinical practice. In this review, we provide an overview of the literature, detail the various techniques and formulas currently available, discuss the applicability to specific high‐risk groups and present our vision for the future of MRI within clinical obstetrics.
Preparation of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine‐Copper Oxide Core‐Shell Particles and Their Thermal Decomposition Kinetics
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Zhu Ying , Cheng Zhipeng , Ke Xiang , Shi Kaiwen , Zhang Kaili 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe effect of interfacial contact conditions between cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) and copper oxide (CuO) on the thermal decomposition kinetics of RDX was investigated in this study. CuO was deposited onto the surface of superfine RDX particles to form RDX@CuO core‐shell structure through RF magnetron sputtering technology. The thermal decomposition characteristics of RDX, RDX@CuO and RDX‐CuO ultrasonic mixture were studied through thermo‐gravimetric method. Kissinger and Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose methods were used to obtain kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition processes. It was found that the temperature corresponding to maximum weight loss rate decreased in the order of RDX>RDX‐CuO>RDX@CuO. However, the apparent activation energy of RDX decomposition did not show apparent difference for the two kinds of CuO‐containing samples. The results indicate that the interfacial contact conditions between RDX and CuO have an effect on the thermal stability of RDX but do not alter the thermal decomposition paths of RDX.
Synthesis, insecticidal activities and resistance in Aedes albopictus and cytotoxicity of novel dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids
Authors: Zhu Qiuyan , Yang Yang , Lao Zhiting , Zhong Yingying , Zhang Bingjie , Cui Xiping , O'Neill Paul , Hong David , Zhang Kun , Zhao Suqing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe use of safe and effective insecticides against mosquito‐borne stocks is still one of the most effective ways to rapidly interrupt the spread of diseases such as malaria, dengue etc., but many insects are resistant to most insecticides and most of the traditional pyrethroids (like permethrin, deltamethrin etc.) contain phenoxy groups so it is easy to form dibenzofuran, a pollutant, after photodegradation. It is therefore necessary to synthesize novel pyrethroids which have better mosquito‐killing activity, poor resistance to mosquitoes, and no dibenzofuran formation during photodegradation.RESULTSA series of novel dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids were synthesized to enhance antimosquito activity. Bioassays based on the guidelines of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that the synthesized compounds DCA‐O (LC50 = 2.95 ± 0.05 μg L−1), DCA‐01 (LC50 = 5.83 ± 0.36 μg L−1) and DCA‐11 (LC50 = 5.79 ± 1.51 μg L−1) exhibit high insecticidal activities and sensitivity against Aedes albopictus while deltamethrin and permethrin produced moderate levels of resistance. Moreover, the analysis of the photodegradation implies that the novel compounds synthesized by substituting a phenoxy group with a heterocyclic ring do not form dibenzofuran, a pollutant. Lastly, the cytotoxicity data of pyrethroids on human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells confirm that the synthesized compounds have low toxicity for the cells.CONCLUSIONNovel dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids, made by simple synthesis steps, have better antimosquito activity, lower drug resistance, are less polluting to the environment and show low toxicity to human nerve cells. This also provides an effective idea for the synthesis of pyrethroids. Novel dihaloacetylated heterocyclic pyrethroids have better antimosquito activity, lower drug resistance, are less polluting to the environment, ahow low toxicity to human nerve cells and simple synthesis steps. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The quantum chemistry of attosecond molecular science
Authors: Palacios Alicia , Martín Fernando 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith the advent of attosecond light pulses at the beginning of this century, the possibility to perform real‐time observations of electron motion in molecules has spurred impressive theoretical developments aimed at providing support and guidance to numerous, but still incipient, experimental efforts devoted to understand chemistry at its ultimate temporal frontier: the attosecond. The first real‐time observation of electron dynamics in a relatively large molecule, phenylalanine, was reported in 2014. This would have been difficult without the help of theory, since observations in this emerging field, recently coined attochemistry, are still indirect. While standard Quantum Chemistry methods can describe excited bound‐state dynamics, new approaches incorporating scattering theory formalisms are needed to understand the interaction with attosecond pulses. Indeed, due to their short wavelengths, lying in the XUV and X‐ray spectral regions, the interaction of such pulses with any molecule inevitably leads to ionization, which requires describing the molecular ionization continuum. Also, because of their short duration (i.e., large bandwidth), ionization is accompanied by the formation of a molecular electronic wave packet (i.e., a coherent superposition of electronic states), which evolves in time and dictates the fate of the molecule at the longer time scales where chemistry shows up. Although much has already been done up to date, current bottlenecks in the field are to account for electron correlations during the ionization process and for the coupled electron and nuclear dynamics that follows. Past and ongoing theoretical efforts are described here along with experimental work towards the solid establishment of attochemistry.This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Software > Quantum Chemistry
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
Model‐based control addition to prescribe DFIG wind turbine fast frequency response
Authors: David Nicholas , Prevost Thibault , Xavier Florent , Wang Zhaoyu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the physical capability of double‐fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbines for inertial support of frequency response. Frequency stability is modeled using the DFIG electromechanical and generator controller dynamics, and a destabilizing effect is demonstrated in low‐inertia systems. To improve response, a synchronous reference frame DFIG controller is proposed that acts by following low‐frequency grid dynamics and adds a fast acting proportional plus integral (PI)‐controlled frequency‐responsive component to existing qd current commands. The proposed controller is derived in a straightforward manner using only the DFIG dynamic equations and is designed using pole/zero placement techniques. Laboratory experiments using a micro‐scale DFIG wind turbine with hub‐emulating flywheel prove better capability for transient frequency regulation even under extreme load change. The result is a DFIG controller that balances the appearance of transients in electrical and mechanical systems. Value is achieved in providing immediate continuous inertial response to support load change. The proposed frequency response can improve the use of existing physical inertia from wind turbines.
Debt perceptions: fairness judgments of debt relief for individuals and countries
Authors: CHAVANNE DAVID 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study examines how moral intuitions toward debt relief vary depending on whether a debt contract involves one country borrowing from another country or an individual borrowing from a bank. Participants respond to a vignette describing a basic debt dispute between a debtor and a lender. A judge in charge of settling the dispute decides to allow debt relief and participants express how fair they find the decision. Treatments vary (1) the debt context (international or person-bank), (2) the responsibility of lenders and debtors (whether their situations stem from bad luck or poor choices) and (3) whether a lender's profit motive is made salient. Results show that, across both international and person-bank debt, debt relief is perceived as being fairer when debtors are unlucky and when lenders are careless; profit salience, however, does not affect the perceived fairness of debt relief in either debt context. Results, when integrated with those from an initial related study, also point to anti-bank sentiment increasing the perceived fairness of debt relief when an individual borrows from a bank and to a consistent across-context ranking of the perceived fairness of debt relief in the scenario.
Parallel Simulation Decision-Making Method for a Response to Unconventional Public Health Emergencies Based on the Scenario–Response Paradigm and Discrete Event System Theory
Authors: Xie Tian , Ni Mengna , Zhang Zhaoyun , Wei Yaoyao 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTGiven the non-repeatability, complexity, and unpredictability of unconventional public health emergencies, building accurate models and making effective response decisions based only on traditional prediction–response decision-making methods are difficult. To solve this problem, under the scenario–response paradigm and theories on parallel emergency management and discrete event system (DES), the parallel simulation decision-making framework (PSDF), which includes the methods of abstract modeling, simulation operation, decision-making optimization, and parallel control, is proposed for unconventional public health emergency response processes. Furthermore, with the example of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) response process, the evolutionary scenarios that include infected patients and diagnostic processes are transformed into simulation processes. Then, the validity and operability of the DES–PSDF method proposed in this paper are verified by the results of a simulation experiment. The results demonstrated that, in the case of insufficient prior knowledge, effective parallel simulation models can be constructed and improved dynamically by multi-stage parallel controlling. Public health system bottlenecks and relevant effective response solutions can also be obtained by iterative simulation and optimizing decisions. To meet the urgent requirements of emergency response, the DES–PSDF method introduces a new response decision-making concept for unconventional public health emergencies.