bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Big Five, Self-efficacy, and Self-control in Boxers
Authors: Chen Xin , Li Bing , Xie Jiaqiong , Li Yun , Zhang Guodong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInviting 210 boxers of national athletes in China as participants, this study applied the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and self-control and self-efficacy scales for athletes to examine the relationship between personality traits and self-control, as well as any effect of self-efficacy as a mediator between the two variables. The data analysis indicated that, firstly, the boxers’ overall level of self-control is high, and the higher the competitive level, the higher the level of self-control. Secondly, there were significant correlations among the Big Five, self-control, and self-efficacy. Thirdly, the mediation model showed that self-efficacy has a significant mediating effect between the Big Five and self-control. These results suggest that formulating training and intervention programs based on the personality traits of boxers and focusing on training their self-efficacy (1) to help them enhance their self-control ability, thereby improving athletic performance and promoting physical and mental health, and (2) to support the inclusion of personality traits, self-efficacy, and self-control among psychological indicators to be assessed in boxers.
Analysis of genetic control and QTL mapping of essential wheat grain quality traits in a recombinant inbred population
Authors: Goel Sonia , Singh Kalpana , Singh Balwant , Grewal Sapna , Dwivedi Neeta , Alqarawi Abdulaziz A. , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Singh N. K. , Ahmad Parvaiz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWheat cultivars are genetically crossed for improving end use quality for apt traits as per need of baking industry and broad consumer’s preferences. The processing and baking qualities of bread wheat underlie into genetic make-up of a variety and influence by environmental factors and their interactions. WL711 and C306 derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population of 206 was used for phenotyping of quality related traits in three different environmental conditions. The genetic analysis of quality traits showed considerable variation for measurable quality traits with normal distribution and transgressive segregation across the years. From the 206 RIL, few RILs found to be superior to those of the parental cultivars for key quality traitsindicating their potential usefor improvement of end use quality and also suggestingprobability of finding new alleles and allelic combinations from the RIL population. A genetic linkage map including 346 markers was constructed withtotal map distance of 4526.8cM andinterval distance between adjacent markersof 12.9cM. Mapping analysis identified 38 putative QTLs for 13 quality related traits with QTLs explaining 7.9% - 16.8% phenotypic variation spanning over 14 chromosomes i.e. 1A, 1B, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 4A, 4B, 4D, 5D, 6A, 7A and 7B. Major novel QTLs regions for quality traits have been identified on several chromosome in studied RIL population posing their potential role in marker assisted selection for better bread making quality after validation.
Unsupervised phenotypic analysis of cellular images with multi-scale convolutional neural networks
Authors: Godinez William J. , Hossain Imtiaz , Zhang Xian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLarge-scale cellular imaging and phenotyping is a widely adopted strategy for understanding biological systems and chemical perturbations. Quantitative analysis of cellular images for identifying phenotypic changes is a key challenge within this strategy, and has recently seen promising progress with approaches based on deep neural networks. However, studies so far require either pre-segmented images as input or manual phenotype annotations for training, or both. To address these limitations, we have developed an unsupervised approach that exploits the inherent groupings within cellular imaging datasets to define surrogate classes that are used to train a multi-scale convolutional neural network. The trained network takes as input full-resolution microscopy images, and, without the need for segmentation, yields as output feature vectors that support phenotypic profiling. Benchmarked on two diverse benchmark datasets, the proposed approach yields accurate phenotypic predictions as well as compound potency estimates comparable to the state-of-the-art. More importantly, we show that the approach identifies novel cellular phenotypes not included in the manual annotation nor detected by previous studies.Author summaryCellular microscopy images provide detailed information about how cells respond to genetic or chemical treatments, and have been widely and successfully used in basic research and drug discovery. The recent breakthrough of deep learning methods for natural imaging recognition tasks has triggered the development and application of deep learning methods to cellular images to understand how cells change upon perturbation. Although successful, deep learning studies so far either can only take images of individual cells as input or require human experts to label a large amount of images. In this paper, we present an unsupervised deep learning approach that, without any human annotation, analyzes directly full-resolution microscopy images displaying typically hundreds of cells. We apply the approach to two benchmark datasets, and show that the approach identifies novel visual phenotypes not detected by previous studies.
RibonucleaseH1-targeted R-loops in surface antigen gene expression sites can direct trypanosome immune evasion
Authors: Briggs Emma , Crouch Kathryn , Lemgruber Leandro , Lapsley Craig , McCulloch Richard 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSwitching of the Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) inTrypanosoma bruceiprovides a crucial host immune evasion strategy that is catalysed both by transcription and recombination reactions, each operating within specialised telomeric VSG expression sites (ES). VSG switching is likely triggered by events focused on the single actively transcribed ES, from a repertoire of around 15, but the nature of such events is unclear. Here we show that RNA-DNA hybrids, called R-loops, form preferentially within sequences termed the 70 bp repeats in the actively transcribed ES, but spread throughout the active and inactive ES in the absence of RNase H1, which degrades R-loops. Loss of RNase H1 also leads to increased levels of VSG coat switching and replication-associated genome damage, some of which accumulates within the active ES. This work indicates VSG ES architecture elicits R-loop formation, and that these RNA-DNA hybrids connectT. bruceiimmune evasion by transcription and recombination.Author summaryAll pathogens must survive eradication by the host immune response in order to continue infections and be passed on to a new host. Changes in the proteins expressed on the surface of the pathogen, or on the surface of the cells the pathogen infects, is a widely used strategy to escape immune elimination. Understanding how this survival strategy, termed antigenic variation, operates in any pathogen is critical, both to understand interaction between the pathogen and host and disease progression. A key event in antigenic variation is the initiation of the change in expression of the surface protein gene, though how this occurs has been detailed in very few pathogens. Here we examine how changes in expression of the surface coat of the African trypanosome, which causes sleeping sickness disease, are initiated. We reveal that specialised nucleic acid structures, termed R-loops, form around the expressed trypanosome surface protein gene and increase in abundance after mutation of an enzyme that removes them, leading to increased changes in the surface coat in trypanosome cells that are dividing. We therefore shed light on the earliest acting events in trypanosome antigenic variation.
Genetically modified pigs are protected from classical swine fever virus
Authors: Xie Zicong , Pang Daxin , Yuan Hongming , Jiao Huping , Lu Chao , Wang Kankan , Yang Qiangbing , Li Mengjing , Chen Xue , Yu Tingting , Chen Xinrong , Dai Zhen , Peng Yani , Tang Xiaochun , Li Zhanjun , Wang Tiedong , Guo Huancheng , Li Li , Tu Changchun , Lai Liangxue , Ouyang Hongsheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractClassical swine fever (CSF) caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is among the most detrimental diseases, and leads to significant economic losses in the swine industry. Despite efforts by many government authorities try to stamp out the disease from national pig populations, the disease remains widespread. Here, antiviral small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were selected and then inserted at the porcine ROSA26 (pROSA26) locus via a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in strategy. Finally, anti-CSFV transgenic (TG) pigs were produced by somatic nuclear transfer (SCNT). Importantly, in vitro and in vivo viral challenge assays demonstrated that these TG pigs could effectively limit the growth of CSFV and reduced CSFV-associated clinical signs and mortality, and the disease resistance was stably transmitted to F1-generation. The use of these TG pigs can improve the well-being of livestock and substantially reduce virus-related economic losses. Additionally, this antiviral approach may provide a reference for future antiviral research.Author summaryClassical swine fever (CSF), caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and is a highly contagious, often fatal porcine disease with significant economic losses. Due to its economic importance to the pig industry, the biology and pathogenesis of CSFV have been investigated extensively. Despite efforts by many government authorities to stamp out the disease from national pig populations, the disease remains widespread in some regions and seems to be waiting for the reintroduction and the next round of disease outbreaks. These highlight the necessity and urgency of developing more effective approaches to eradicate the challenging CSFV. In this study, we successfully produced anti-CSFV transgenic pigs and confirmed that these transgenic pigs could effectively limit the growth of CSFV in vivo and in vitro and that the disease resistance traits in the TG founders can be stably transmitted to their F1-generation offspring. This study suggests that these TG pigs can improve the well-being of livestock and contribute to offer potential benefits over commercial vaccination. The use of these TG pigs can improve the well-being of livestock and substantially reduce CSFV-related economic losses.
Sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Critically Endangered Black Soft-shell Turtle (Nilssonia nigricans)
Authors: Kundu Shantanu , Kumar Vikas , Tyagi Kaomud , Chakraborty Rajasree , Singha Devkant , Rahaman Iftikar , Pakrashi Avas , Chandra Kailash 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe complete mitochondrial genome (16796 bp) of an endangered freshwater turtle,Nilssonia nigricanswas firstly sequenced and annotated. The mitogenome was encoded by 37 genes and a major non-coding Control Region (CR). The mitogenome was A+T biased (62.16%) and spread with six overlapping and 19 intergenic spacer regions. The initiation codons were exceptionally changed as ATA, ATT, and ATC in three Protein-coding genes (PCGs) and a single base (A, T, and C) incomplete termination codons in nine PCGs. The Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) value was consistent among all the studied species; exception with significant reduction of Serine (S) frequency inN. nigricans,N. formosa, andR. swinhoei. The secondary structure ofN. nigricansshowed a lack of conventional dihydrouridine (DHU) arm intrnS(GCT), as well as formed a small loop structure in the acceptor stem of bothtrnR(TCG) andtrnH(GTG). The mitogenome ofN. nigricansalso revealed two unique tandem repeats (ATTAT)8, and (TATTA)20in CR. Further, the average Ka/Ks values of 13 PCGs were indicating a strong natural selection in the studied Trionychidae species. The constructed Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogeny by PCGs shows cohesive clustering ofN. nigricanswithN. formosa. The resulted phylogeny illustrated the similar topology by all studied species from different taxonomic ranks and supported the previous taxonomic classification. Moreover, further taxon sampling from different taxonomic hierarchy, and their mitogenomics study is vital to reconcile the Testudines phylogeny and assure their evolutionary relationship.
Of puzzles and pavements: a quantitative exploration of leaf epidermal cell shape
Authors: Vőfély Róza V. , Gallagher Joseph , Pisano Grace D. , Bartlett Madelaine , Braybrook Siobhan A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe epidermal cells of leaves lend themselves readily to observation and display many shapes and types: tabular pavement cells, complex trichomes, and stomatal complexes1. Pavement cells fromZea mays(maize) andArabidopsis thaliana(arabidopsis) both have highly undulate anticlinal walls and are held as representative of monocots and eudicots, respectively. In these two model species, we have a nuanced understanding of the molecular mechanisms that generate undulating pavement cell shape2–9. This model-system dominance has led to two common assumptions: first, that particular plant lineages are characterized by particular pavement cell shapes; and second, that undulatory pavement cell shapes are common enough to be model shapes. To test these assumptions, we quantified pavement cell shape in the leaves of 278 vascular plant taxa and assessed cell shape metrics across large taxonomic groups. We settled on two metrics that described cell shape diversity well in this dataset: aspect ratio (degree of cell elongation) and solidity (a proxy for margin undulation). We found that pavement cells in the monocots tended to have weakly undulating margins, pavement cells in ferns had strongly undulating margins, and pavement cells in the eudicots showed no particular degree of undulation. Indeed, we found that cells with strongly undulating margins, like those of arabidopsis and maize, were in the minority in seed plants. At the organ level, we found a trend towards cells with more undulating margins on the abaxial leaf surface vs. the adaxial surface. We also detected a correlation between cell and leaf aspect ratio: highly elongated leaves tended to have highly elongated cells (low aspect ratio), but not in the eudicots. This indicates that while plant anatomy and plant morphology can be connected, superficially similar leaves can develop through very different underlying growth dynamics (cell expansion and division patterns). This work reveals the striking diversity of pavement cell shapes across vascular plants, and lays the quantitative groundwork for testing hypotheses about pavement cell form and function.
Enhancing student engagement in business sustainability through games
Authors: Emblen-Perry Kay 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the value students place on the sustainable strategies game (SSG) which seeks to improve student engagement in business sustainability through enhanced game-based learning. This game provides an alternative collaborative learning environment to the traditional instructivist approach to enrich Education for Sustainability (EfS) learning experiences and enhance student engagement.

Design/methodology/approach
Students’ reflections on their game-based learning experiences and suggestions for game development were collected through a short qualitative survey. Results are explored through three frameworks, namely, the multifaceted student value model, the dimensions of engagement framework and the UK higher education authority (HEA) framework for engagement through partnership.

Findings
Research findings suggest the SSG provides game-based learning within EfS that delivers “edutainment” within an active, collaborative and experiential learning environment that the students value. It is also able to challenge thinking and emotionally engage students with the fundamentals of business sustainability. Reflection-on-action and the students’ role as co-researchers in game development allow students to become active participants in their learning as well as knowledge producers and evaluators. These outcomes deliver the UK HEA’s core facets of student engagement through partnership.

Research limitations/implications
This practice-focused study presents the self-reported results of a one-time, small study which does not offer generalised, independently validated responses. However, the findings may be of interest to educators considering the adoption of game-based learning and those seeking new learning cultures for EfS.

Practical implications
Game-based learning and teaching approaches can achieve a learner-centred active, collaborative learning environment that enhances student engagement with business sustainability.

Originality/value
Experiences gained from this study should assist others in the implementation of game-based learning to engage students in business sustainability.
Student teachers’ perceptions about the social pillar of urban sustainability
Authors: Panatsa Vasiliki Maria , Malandrakis Georgios 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
This study aims to detect preschool and primary school student–teachers’ (STs) views about the social pillar of urban sustainability and particularly about the importance they attach to various social aspects of urban sustainability, and the perceived effectiveness of education in influencing these aspects.

Design/methodology/approach
A custom-designed questionnaire comprising eight literature-based social aspects of urban sustainability was developed and administered to 207 STs during the spring semester of 2015-2016, in the school of education, of a university located in northern Greece.

Findings
The highest levels of importance were attached to the aspect of “Health”, whereas aspects related to “Policy and Governance” were considered as the least important of all social aspects of urban sustainability. The aspect considered most easily influenced through education was that of “Human Relations”, in contrast to the aspect of “Housing” in which education was considered as the least effective. Also, STs considered every aspect of social urban sustainability to be more important than able to be influenced by education, revealing that they are somewhat sceptical of the effectiveness of education in this field.

Research limitations/implications
The participation of only student-teachers and the use of quantitative research tools are among the main limitation of the study. Future research should include teachers, both in-service and pre-service, from various disciplines and educational levels, and should employ a combination of quantitative with qualitative methods of analysis.

Practical implications
Insight into STs’ views can serve as a useful guidance for teacher education programs, providing information about necessary actions that have to be taken for the improvement of both pre- and in-service teacher educations.

Originality/value
There is a great lack of research around pre- and in-service teachers’ views about the importance of sustainability and the role of education in influencing it. Existing research is further scarcer when it comes to the investigation of the social pillar of urban sustainability, as literature usually focuses either on the environmental pillar of sustainability or on the concept of sustainable development in general.
Mindfulness training for school administrators: effects on well-being and leadership
Authors: Mahfouz Julia 
Published: July 2018

PurposeBased on a need to utilize strategies and develop social-emotional competency skills of school administrators, the purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of Cultivating Awareness and Resilience in Education (CARE), a mindfulness-based professional development program, on the leadership and well-being of 13 school administrators.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical data consist of in-depth interviews with 13 administrators before and after the implementation of CARE program, observation notes from shadowing their activities during school time and attending the CARE program as a participant observer. Employing the pro-social classroom model (Jennings and Greenberg, 2009) as a theoretical foundation, the paper is based on an ongoing, iterative data analysis process, following the coding and interpretive techniques of grounded theory.FindingsThe positive outcomes that emerged from the data relate to improved leadership skills, such as increased self-reflection, better relationships and attendance to self-care. These skills are tied to increased self-awareness, self-management and self-compassion. Participants also reported an improved ability to recognize their emotional reactions, which enabled them to better understand their leadership roles in shaping their school climates.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings reveal significant insights about the implementation of social-emotional, mindfulness-based professional development with school administrators and potential outcomes. Implications for professional development that fosters school administrators’ social-emotional competencies are discussed.Originality/valueAs a study of one of the first implementations of mindfulness-based professional development programs among school principals, this research illuminates the specific benefits of such programs for school leaders and how mindfulness could be integral in their lives and education. Specifically, this study is one of the first to reveal how the CARE professional development program influences principals’ well-being and leadership.
Problems and solutions for using computer (networks) for education
Authors: Maurer Hermann 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The idea to use computers for teaching and learning is over 50 years old. Numerous attempts to use computers for knowledge dissemination under a variety of names have failed in many cases, and have become successful in others. The essence of this paper can be summarized in two sentences. One, in some niches, applications tend to be successful. Second, attempts to fully eliminate humans from the educational process are bound to fail, yet if a large number of aspects is handled well, the role of teachers can indeed be much reduced. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Report on experimental results.

Findings
In some niches, applications of e-Learning technology tend to be successful. However, attempts to fully eliminate humans from the educational process are bound to fail, yet if a large number of aspects is handled well, the role of teachers can indeed be much reduced.

Research limitations/implications
A number of features that seemed essential in earlier e-Learning systems turn out to be superfluous.

Practical implications
New e-Learning systems have to concentrate on quality of content, not complex technology.

Social implications
E-Learning the right way helps learners, teachers and institutions.

Originality/value
Experiments reported verify or do the opposite of often loosely stated opinions.