bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of N‐acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐lysyl‐proline with the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2–angiotensin‐(1–7)–Mas axis attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in silicotic rats
Authors: Gao Xuemin , Xu Hong , Zhang Bonan , Tao Tao , Liu Yalou , Xu Dingjie , Cai Wenchen , Wei Zhongqiu , Li Shifeng , Zhang Hui , Mao Na , Zhang Guizhen , Li Dan , Jin Fuyu , Li Shumin , Zhang Lijuan , Liu Heliang , Hao Xiaohui , Yang Fang 
Published: July 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
What are the effects of the antifibrotic peptide acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐lysyl‐proline (Ac‐SDKP) on the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)–angiotensin‐(1–7)–Mas axis during the occurrence and progression of silicosis?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Ac‐SDKP inhibited lung fibrosis in rats exposed to silica by activation of the ACE2–angiotensin‐(1–7)–Mas axis. Angiotensin‐(1–7) potentially promotes Ac‐SDKP by increasing the level of meprin α, the major synthetase of Ac‐SDKP. Thus, the interaction Ac‐SDKP and angiotesin‐(1–7) in silicosis could provide a new therapeutic strategy.

AbstractThe central role of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) in the occurrence and progression of silicosis has been established. The antifibrotic peptide acetyl‐seryl‐aspartyl‐lysyl‐proline (Ac‐SDKP) can be degraded by ACE. The ACE2–angiotensin‐(1–7)–Mas axis is protective and acts to counterbalance the detrimental effects of ACE–angiotensin II (Ang II)–Ang II type 1 receptor and exerts antifibrotic effects. Here, we demonstrate an interaction between Ac‐SDKP and Ang‐(1–7) in the inhibition of collagen deposition and myofibroblast differentiation in rats exposed to silica. Treatment with Ac‐SDKP increased the level of ACE2–Ang‐(1–7)–Mas in rats or in cultured fibroblasts and decreased the levels of collagen type I and α‐smooth muscle actin. Furthermore, exogenous Ang‐(1–7) had similar antifibrotic effects and increased the level of meprin α, a major Ac‐SDKP synthetase, both in vivo and in vitro. Compared with non‐silicotic patients exposed to silica, the level of serum ACE was increased in patients with silicosis phase III; the levels of Ang II and Ang‐(1–7) were high in patients with silicosis phase II; and the level of Ac‐SDKP was high in the silicosis phase III group. These data imply that Ac‐SDKP and Ang‐(1–7) have an interactive effect as regulatory peptides of the renin–angiotensin system and exert antifibrotic effects.
HCN3 ion channels: roles in sensory neuronal excitability and pain
Authors: Lainez Sergio , Tsantoulas Christoforos , Biel Martin , McNaughton Peter A 
Published: July 2019

Key points
HCN ion channels conducting the Ih current control the frequency of firing in peripheral sensory neurons signalling pain.
Previous studies have demonstrated a major role for the HCN2 subunit in chronic pain but the potential involvement of HCN3 in pain has not been investigated.
HCN3 was found to be widely expressed in all classes of sensory neurons (small, medium, large) where it contributes to Ih.
HCN3 deletion increased the firing rate of medium but not small, sensory neurons.
Pain sensitivity both acutely and following neuropathic injury was largely unaffected by HCN3 deletion, with the exception of a small decrease of mechanical hyperalgesia in response to a pinprick.
We conclude that HCN3 plays little role in either acute or chronic pain sensation.
AbstractHCN ion channels govern the firing rate of action potentials in the pacemaker region of the heart and in pain‐sensitive (nociceptive) nerve fibres. Intracellular cAMP promotes activation of the HCN4 and HCN2 isoforms, whereas HCN1 and HCN3 are relatively insensitive to cAMP. HCN2 modulates action potential firing rate in nociceptive neurons and plays a critical role in all modes of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, although the role of HCN3 in nociceptive excitability and pain is less studied. Using antibody staining, we found that HCN3 is expressed in all classes of somatosensory neurons. In small nociceptive neurons, genetic deletion of HCN2 abolished the voltage shift of the Ih current carried by HCN isoforms following cAMP elevation, whereas the voltage shift was retained following deletion of HCN3, consistent with the sensitivity of HCN2 but not HCN3 to cAMP. Deletion of HCN3 had little effect on the evoked firing frequency in small neurons but enhanced the firing of medium‐sized neurons, showing that HCN3 makes a significant contribution to the input resistance only in medium‐sized neurons. Genetic deletion of HCN3 had no effect on acute thresholds to heat or mechanical stimuli in vivo and did not affect inflammatory pain measured with the formalin test. Nerve‐injured HCN3 knockout mice exhibited similar levels of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia to wild‐type mice but reduced mechanical hyperalgesia in response to a pinprick. These results show that HCN3 makes some contribution to excitability, particularly in medium‐sized neurons, although it has no major influence on acute or neuropathic pain processing.
Quantification of Measurement Errors in the Lengths of Metal-Loss Corrosion Defects Reported by Inline Inspection Tools
Authors: Siraj T. , Zhou W. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a framework to quantify the measurement error associated with lengths of corrosion defects on oil and gas pipelines reported by inline inspection (ILI) tools based on a relatively large set of ILI-reported and field-measured defect data collected from different in-service pipelines in Canada. A log-logistic model is proposed to quantify the likelihood of a given ILI-reported defect being a type I defect (without clustering error) or a type II defect (with clustering error). The measurement error associated with the ILI-reported length of the defect is quantified as the average of those associated with the types I and II defects, weighted by the corresponding probabilities obtained from the log-logistic model. The implications of the proposed framework for the reliability analysis of corroded pipelines given the ILI information are investigated using a realistic pipeline example.
Lower to middle Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy and paleontology in the greater Louisville, Kentucky, area
Authors: Brett Carlton E. , Hartshorn Kyle R. , Waid Christopher B.T. , McLaughlin Patrick I. , Bulinski Katherine V. , Thomka James R. , Paton Timothy R. , Freeman Rebecca L. , Dattilo Benjamin F. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The Cincinnati Arch region of Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana is an icon of North American Paleozoic stratigraphy, as it exposes strata ranging from Ordovician to Pennsylvanian in age. In particular, the highly fossiliferous Ordovician, Silurian, and Middle Devonian successions have been extensively studied since the nineteenth century, and continue to serve as a crucial proving ground for new methods and models of biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, and sequence stratigraphy in mixed clasticcarbonate depositional settings. These strata are locally capped by Middle Devonian limestones with their own diverse fauna and unique depositional history. Outcrops near Louisville, Kentucky, provide an excellent opportunity to examine these strata firsthand and discuss sequence stratigraphy, chemostratigraphy, sedimentary environments, and paleoecology. A series of new roadcuts south of Mount Washington, Kentucky, exposes the lower to middle Richmondian Stage (Upper Ordovician, Cincinnatian) and presents a diverse suite of marine facies, from peritidal mudstones to offshore shoals, coral biostromes, and subtidal shales. These exposures are well suited for highlighting the revised sequence stratigraphy of the Cincinnatian Series, presented herein. Nearby outcrops also include much of the local Silurian succession, allowing an in-depth observation of Llandovery and Wenlock strata, including several chemostratigraphically important intervals that have improved regional and international correlation. Supplementary exposures east and north of Louisville provide context for subjacent and superjacent Ordovician-Silurian strata, as well as examples of lateral facies changes and unconformities. Additionally, the Falls of the Ohio at Clarksville, Indiana, features an exceptional outcrop of the overlying Middle Devonian succession, including an extensive and well-preserved biostrome of corals, sponges, and other marine fauna. These fossil beds, coupled with significant exposures in local quarries, are critical for understanding the paleoecology and stratigraphy of the Middle Devonian of the North American midcontinent.
Significance of Pleistocene fluvial systems and glaciations on the landscape evolution of northern Kentucky
Authors: Massey Matthew A. , Andrews William , Martin Steven L. , Hammond Maxwell , Bottoms Antonia E. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Pleistocene glacial and interglacial episodes had a profound influence on erosion, sediment transport, and topographic expression in the Midwestern United States. Northern Kentucky hosts a variety of fluvial and glacial features that record these Quaternary advances and retreats of the Laurentide ice sheet. This field trip highlights the major glacial and interglacial episodes of the Pleistocene, including the Pliocene–Early Pleistocene Teays drainage system, the Early–Middle Pleistocene pre–Illinois glacial Episode, the Middle Pleistocene Yarmouth interglacial, the Illinois glacial Episode in the Middle Pleistocene, the Sangamon interglacial, and the Late Pleistocene Wisconsin Episode. The Old Kentucky River was tributary to the Teays, depositing sands at ca. 1.5 Ma, confirmed by multiple 10Be-26Al cosmogenic radionuclide burial ages. Glacial till uncoformably overlies Old Kentucky River sands and demonstrates that pre-Illinois ice extended into Kentucky. The modern-day course of the Ohio River was incised after the pre−Illinois Episode, and then aggraded with transportation of Illinois Episode glacial outwash. Deposition of outwash at the mouths of tributaries caused impoundment and slackwater deposition in tributary valleys; the Claryville Clay has long been assumed to represent a pre-Illinois lacustrine deposit, but new optically stimulated luminescence feldspar geochronology yields a Middle Pleistocene age of ca. 320 ka. We have not observed Illinoian till in Kentucky. The final advance of the Laurentide ice sheet did not reach Kentucky, however, high sediment volumes were transported along the Ohio River and impounded tributaries, similar to the Illinois Episode.
At the edge of the Laurentide Ice Sheet: Stratigraphy and chronology of glacial deposits in central Indiana
Authors: Loope Henry M. , Antinao José Luis , Monaghan G. William , Autio Robert J. , Curry B. Brandon , Grimley David A. , Huot Sébastien , Lowell Thomas V. , Nash Thomas A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
This field guide provides an updated synthesis of the stratigraphy and chronology of glacial deposits in central Indiana near the southern limit of glaciation in the midcontinent. Central Indiana contains evidence of multiple glaciations—deposits from the last two glaciations (Oxygen Isotope Stages [OIS] 2 [Wisconsin Episode] and 6 [Illinois Episode]) have been the focus of recent stratigraphic and chronologic investigation. New radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating from outcrop and core has refined the timing of OIS 2 and OIS 6 ice sheet advances, outwash/slackwater aggradation, glacial lake formation, and eolian activity. Radiocarbon ages within or below late Wisconsin till from three sites within 5 km (3 mi) of the late Wisconsin maximum limit indicate an age of 24.0 k cal yr B.P. for maximum OIS 2 ice sheet extent in central Indiana, consistent with chronology from Illinois and Ohio. A subsequent &gt;50 km (31 mi) readvance (21.6 k cal yr B.P.) across central Indiana came within 10 km (6 mi) of the maximum limit and in the western part of the field-trip area, terminated in glacial Lake Eminence. The start of outwash aggradation and associated slackwater sedimentation in the West Fork White River valley and tributaries began ca. 27 k cal yr B.P. and continued until ca. 20.5 k cal yr B.P., representing the timing of ice sheet advance into and out of the paleo–White River drainage basin. Ice sheet advance and retreat rates average ~40 m/yr before and after the global Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 26−21 k cal yr B.P.) when ice was within ~50 km of the late Wisconsin maximum. OSL dating of pre-Wisconsin outwash and glacio-lacustrine sediment return ages between ca. 218 and 127 ka, confirming deposition during OIS 6. These ages document spatially complex sedimentation in bedrock valleys beyond the Wisconsin limit.
Trails west and the Civil War in the Kansas City, Missouri/Kansas, region
Authors: Aber* James S. , Aber Susan W. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The Kansas City metropolitan region is a key geographic point in the exploration, settlement, and development of the United States. Several major pre-industrial trails originated from this vicinity, and the most important Civil War conflict west of the Mississippi, the Battle of Westport, took place here. Bedrock geology consists of Upper Pennsylvanian cyclothems that represent repeated marine transgressions and regressions over a shallow continental shelf and lowland. The modern landscape was shaped largely as a result of Pleistocene glaciation and related glacial meltwater drainage.
Curved slickenlines preserve direction of rupture propagation
Authors: Kearse Jesse , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Little Tim , Van Dissen Russ 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSlip-parallel grooves (striations) on fault surfaces are considered a robust indicator of fault slip direction, yet their potential for recording aspects of earthquake rupture dynamics has received little attention. During the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake (South Island, New Zealand), >10 m of dextral strike-slip on the steeply dipping Kekerengu fault exhumed >200 m2 of fresh fault exposure (free faces) where it crossed bedrock canyons. Inscribed upon these surfaces, we observed individual striae up to 6 m long, all of which had formed during the earthquake. These were typically curved. Using simulations of spontaneous dynamic rupture on a vertical strike-slip fault, we reproduce the curved morphology of striae on the Kekerengu fault. Assuming strike-slip pre-stress, our models demonstrate that vertical tractions induced by slip in the so-called cohesive zone result in transient changes in slip direction. We show that slip-path convexity is sensitive to the direction of rupture propagation. To match the convexity of striae formed in 2016 requires the rupture to have propagated in a northeast direction, a prediction that matches the known rupture direction of the Kaikōura earthquake. Our study highlights the potential for fault striae to record aspects of rupture dynamics, including the rupture direction of paleo strike-slip earthquakes.
Laser eye procedure is safe and effective as an early treatment for glaucoma
Authors: Cook Rob , Thomas Vaughan , Martin Rosie 
Published: July 2019

The studyGazzard G, Konstantakopoulou G, Garway-Heath E, et al. Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus eye drops for first-line treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma (LiGHT): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2019; doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32213-X.This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number 09/104/40) and was sponsored by the Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.To read the full NIHR Signal, go to https://discover.dc.nihr.ac.uk/content/signal-000774/early-glaucoma-laser-eye-treatment-trabeculoplasty
Women with physical disability in pregnancy resident education: a national survey as a needs assessment for curriculum improvement in obstetrics and gynaecology in Canada
Authors: Bekdache Gharid Nourallah , Berndl Anne 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo explore the current status to which Canadian obstetrics and gynaecology (Ob-Gyn) programmes teach residents about pregnancy in patients with physical disabilities, and to assess the level of interested in providing formal education sessions in this field. This study also assesses the residents’ perception of their knowledge and their comfort level caring for women with physical disabilities (WWPD), which will further determine the need for incorporation of this topic into the residency curriculum.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingAll Canadian English accredited Ob-Gyn residency programmes.ParticipantsProgramme directors and residents.Main outcome measuresThe current self-reported education and exposure Canadian Ob-Gyn residents have surrounding WWPD in pregnancy, and if there is an interest in further education in this area.MethodsAn online survey was developed and distributed to all Canadian English accredited Ob-Gyn residency programme directors and residents. Answers were collected over a 2-month period in 2017, which consisted of an initial email and two email reminders. Questions were in three key areas: demographic characteristics, knowledge gap and level of interest in a formal method of education.ResultsEighty-four residents and nine programme directors participated in the surveys. Eighty-six per cent of residents and all programme directors responded that there are no formal scheduled training sessions on WWPD as part of the residency curriculum. Two-thirds of the residents reported being uncomfortable with the management issues surrounding a woman with a disability in pregnancy. A vast majority of residents (91.67%) and all programme directors have an interest in incorporating this topic into the residency curriculum to meet the need of pregnant women with disabilities.ConclusionsThis survey indicated that there is both a need for and interest in education in the area of pregnancy and physical disability in the Canadian Ob-Gyn residency programme. This information suggests that the development of educational materials in this area should be considered to address an unmet need with the ultimate goal of improving the care provided to WWPD in pregnancy. Future projects in this area should focus on content development taking into account the CanMEDS and competency-based medical education framework.
What matters most to patients about primary healthcare: mixed-methods patient priority setting exercises within the PREFeR (PRioritiEs For Research) project
Authors: Edwards Louisa , Monro Melody , Butterfield Yaron , Johl Ravin , Loftsgard Kent Cadogan , Pelletier Hayley , McGavin Colleen , Lavergne M Ruth 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesTo identify patient-generated priority topics for future primary care research in British Columbia (BC), Canada within a diverse patient population.DesignMixed-methods priority setting exercises framed by the dialogue model, using the nominal group technique (rank-ordered scoring) and province-wide online surveys capturing importance ratings of the top 10 primary healthcare topics from patients and primary care providers.SettingBC, Canada.ParticipantsTopic identification was completed by 10 patient partners (7 female, 3 male) from the BC Primary Health Care Research Network Patient Advisory; online surveys were completed by 464 patients and 173 primary care providers.ResultsThe 10 members recruited to the patient advisory provided over 80 experiences of what stood out for them in BC primary care, which were grouped thematically into 18 topics, 10 of which were retained in province-wide surveys. Top-rated survey topics for both patients (n=464) and providers (n=173) included being unable to find a regular family doctor/other primary healthcare provider, support for living with chronic conditions, mental health resources and information sharing, including electronic medical records. However, all 10 topics were rated important, on average, by both groups.ConclusionsThe current project activities demonstrate the feasibility of including patients in priority setting exercises for primary healthcare in general, rather than focusing on a condition-specific population or disease area. There was considerable overlap between patient-generated topics and topics previously identified by other stakeholders, but patients identified two additional topics (mental health resources, improve and strengthen patient–provider communication). More similarities than differences in topic importance between patients and providers emerged in the online surveys. The project activities that follow (rapid literature reviews, multistakeholder dialogue) will highlight under-researched topics and inform the development of specific research questions.
Association between predialysis hypermagnesaemia and morbidity of uraemic restless legs syndrome in maintenance haemodialysis patients: a retrospective observational study in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Yang Yi , Ye Hongying , He Qien , Zhang Xiaohui , Yu Biying , Yang Jingjuan , Chen Jianghua 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to determine whether the predialysis serum magnesium level was associated with morbidity of uraemic restless legs syndrome (RLS) in maintenance haemodialysis patients.DesignA retrospective observational study of morbidity of uraemic RLS was conducted.SettingPatients on maintenance haemodialysis three times a week.ParticipantsWe reviewed 578 patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis for >1 year as our cohort.Outcome measuresUraemic RLS was diagnosed according to International RLS Study Group criteria, and hypermagnesaemia was defined as serum magnesium level >1.02 mmol/L.ResultsThe prevalence of uraemic RLS was 14.4% in our study cohort. Univariate analysis indicated that patients with uraemic RLS differed significantly from non-RLS ones in certain demographic and clinical characteristics, including younger age, longer dialysis duration, higher serum parathyroid hormone level and higher prevalence of predialysis hyperphosphataemia and hypermagnesaemia. Binary logistic-regression model analysis indicated that predialysis hypermagnesaemia was independently associated with uraemic RLS and conferred an increase in morbidity of the syndrome (OR=2.024; 95% CI 1.160 to 3.532; p=0.013). Moreover, we found that dialysis duration and predialysis hyperphosphataemia were independently associated with morbidity of uraemic RLS.ConclusionsOur data indicated that the predialysis serum magnesium level was associated with morbidity of uraemic RLS in maintenance haemodialysis patients and that predialysis hypermagnesaemia might serve as an independent risk factor for the syndrome.