bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amiodarone-Associated Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Weidmayer Sara L. 
Published: May 2019

A 72-year old male presented symptomatic for unilateral inferior visual field loss, but was found to have bilateral optic neuropathy. Clinical features, an extended minimally symptomatic course and a temporal relationship to amiodarone use implicated amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy. Serial ancillary testing analyses provided insight into this entity’s natural course. This patient developed the greatest retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in the inferior quadrant; this may correlate with anatomically larger-diameter axons, supporting a previous publication which suggested that larger-diameter optic nerve axons are more susceptible to amiodarone-induced lipidosis. While rare, amiodarone-associated optic neuropathy may develop and cause permanent loss of visual function.
Association canadienne des optométristes/Société canadienne d’ophtalmologie ´Énoncé de position conjoint
Authors: Optométristes Association canadienne des , D'ophtalmologie Société canadienne 
Published: May 2019

La prévalence de symptômes oculaires liés aux écrans électroniques est estimée à 50 à 90 % chez les utilisateurs adultes d’écrans électroniques. ´Étant donné l’insuffisance de la littérature scientifique sur le sujet, les chiffres correspondant à la prévalence chez l’enfant ne sont pas connus. On sait néanmoins que l’utilisation des écrans électroniques est aujourd’hui plus courante chez les enfants (à la maison comme à l’école), qu’elle commence plus tôt et s’effectue sur de plus longues durées.
Les constatations sur la prévalence des symptômes liés aux écrans électroniques chez l’adulte et les lignes directrices correspondantes ne peuvent s’appliquer automatiquement aux enfants. En effet, les systèmes oculaire et physique de l’enfant diffèrent de ceux de l’adulte et sont en cours de développement. De plus, les enfants utilisent les écrans différemment et pour des tâches diverses. La présente question de principe examine la littérature disponible sur les symptômes oculaires et visuels liés à l’utilisation d’écrans électroniques chez l’enfant et propose des recommandations fondées sur des données probantes pour une utilisation sans risque. Le présent énoncé ne tient pas compte des répercussions du temps passé devant un écran sur les étapes du développement cognitif et autre de l’enfant.
Deliverology in Community Economic Development: Enhancing Results Frameworks and Performance Measurement
Authors: Stratton Trevin S. 
Published: May 2019

<p> </p><p><span> </span>This paper will assess the viability of implementing an alternative delivery model and performance measurement framework – commonly known as ‘deliverology’ – at the level of community economic development. First, a review of relevant literature on traditional economic development delivery models and performance metrics is conducted to determine strengths and weaknesses. Next, a deliverology approach is defined and analyzed to determine whether such a model can address the weaknesses of more traditional approaches. The results indicate that a deliverology approach has many potential advantages for economic development service delivery and addresses many of the weaknesses of current models and frameworks. Since deliverology remains rather new compared to more traditional approaches, further research in terms of a case study in a large urban municipality is recommended as a way to test the applicability of deliverology to community economic development. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>deliverology, performance measurement, results and delivery framework, community economic development, service delivery model</p>
Comparative analysis of social codes of constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Authors: Litvinova V. V. 
Published: May 2019

The current system of social support for the population is regulated by a large number of federal and regional regulatory legal acts adopted over the past 25 years. This creates both significant problems for beneficiaries (does not allow to quickly focus on what measures of social support and under what conditions they are entitled), as well as certain difficulties for the authorities themselves.During the existence and development of the legal field in the field of social support, not only the terminology has changed, but also the principles and approaches to social protection. There is an objective need to systematize the existing legislation. The subjects of the Russian Federation took the path of codification: Social codes of the Astrakhan, Belgorod, Volgograd, Leningrad, Omsk, Yaroslavl regions and the city of St. Petersburg have already been adopted.The article provides a comparison of the social codes of the regions of Russia according to six criteria: basic concepts, goals and objectives of the code, principles of social legislation, the structure of the code, the presence of formulas for calculations in the text of the code, the limitation of action in time Following the analysis, recommendations were made to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the codification of social legislation.
Three-dimensional boundary layer flow of nanofluids due to an unsteady stretching surface
Authors: Mahdy A. 
Published: May 2019

A numerical solution has been obtained for the unsteady three-dimensional stretching flow and heat transfer due to uncertainties of thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity of nanofluids. The term of nanofluid refers to a solid–liquid mixture with a continuous phase which is a nanometer sized nanoparticle dispersed in conventional base fluids. The unsteadiness in the flow and temperature fields is caused by the time-dependent of the stretching velocity and the surface temperature. Different water-based nanofluids containing Cu, Ag, and TiO2 are taken into consideration. The governing partial differential equations with the auxiliary conditions are converted to ordinary differential equations with the appropriate corresponding conditions via scaling transformations. Comparison with known results for steady state flow is presented and it found to be in excellent agreement.
Cytotoxic Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles on Normal Human Dental Pulp Cells
Authors: Alhomrany Rami , Zhang Chang , Chou Laisheng 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Recent in vitro studies have shown that chitosan nanoparticles could enhance the antimicrobial activity of several dental materials. However, the biocompatibility of these nanoparticles with normal human cells is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of various sizes and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles cultured with normal human dental pulp cells. Methods: Normal human dental pulp cells were derived from human dental pulp tissues and cultured with (50-67) nm and (318-350) nm chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations: 0.2 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL as study groups, and 0 mg/mL as a control. The cell attachment efficiency for each group was assessed at 16 hours. The proliferation rate and cell viability were evaluated at days 7 and 14. Both, attachment efficiency and proliferation rate were assessed by measuring the optical density of crystal violet stained cells. The cell viability was determined by the activity of the mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzyme. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Results: All concentrations of the (50-67) nm group significantly reduced cell attachment efficiency in comparison with the control (p<0.01) and with the (318-350) nm group (p<0.01). All concentrations of both groups, (50-67) nm and (318-350) nm, significantly reduced cell proliferation and cell viability compared to the control in dose-dependent and size-associated manners. (p<0.01). Conclusion: Chitosan nanoparticles exhibit a cytotoxic effect on normal human dental pulp cells
Prerequisites for Performance-Based Contracts: Digitalization and Data Sharing Changes Business Models in E&P Supply Chain
Authors: Laborie Francois , Biermann Marius , Camp Audrey , Sivertsen Morten 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper explores the way data sharing can enable innovation in the E&P supply chain.
International pump supplier Framo has signed the first performance-based contract on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Their partner in this project is Aker BP, one of the largest independent oil companies in Europe. Their SMART contract, signed in August 2018, sets an overview of concrete performance indicators that have a direct impact on the pricing of pump services. Using a shared industrial data platform, Framo receives live data from their equipment in operation offshore, allowing them to continuously monitor and improve performance. This paper analyzes the upsides and risks for both the operator and the supplier in this case and explains the data sharing technology that makes the project possible.
Live data sharing between operator and supplier revolutionizes the supply chain, enabling a transition from the traditional purchase of equipment to the purchase of performance of the equipment as a service. The Aker BP-Framo contract is the first of its kind to be implemented in the North Sea. It will set the standard for such contracts, showing how data should be shared between the parties, how performance is monitored, and how the pricing model may be set. Beyond changing a legacy business model, the Aker BP-Framo contract also demonstrates the necessity of data sharing in the industrial future.
This paper can function as a set of guidelines for other operators and suppliers looking to embrace a digitalized industrial future, disrupt the supply chain, and implement performance-based contracts.
Drilling Fluids - Lost Circulation Treatment
Authors: Khalifeh Mahmoud , Klungtvedt Karl Ronny , Vasshus Jan Kristian , Saasen Arild 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Occasionally the drilling fluid pressure exceeds the fracturing pressure and drilling fluid is lost to the formation. Several types of lost circulation materials (LCM) are used to heal such losses. However, in standard testing procedures like American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 13-1 or 13-2, only a 100psi or 500psi differential pressure is required in the pressure cell for LCM testing. It is shown that this pressure is by far too small to give any meaningful data for LCM performance.
Lost circulation can occur in all well sections. Especially, will lost circulation represent a potential problem during drilling long sections with varying formation strengths and varying formation pressures. In a typical drilling situation, the minimum static overbalance in the well is more than 100psi in order to control the formation pressures and avoid influx of formation fluids into the wellbore. During drilling this overbalance will increase due to, amongst others, frictional effects. These effects, together with variations in formation pressures sometimes lead to dynamic differential pressures exceeding 2000 or even 3000psi. Testing under conditions exceeding the expected maximum differential pressures are meaningful in order to identify the sealing capabilities of LCM materials under such conditions.
Some tests focus on losses through tapered slots. In such cases particles larger than the slot outlet will sooner or later contribute to stopping the loss. In a real situation the fracture would be in position to open further. Hence, such tests are not optimal. Other tests are based on slot openings as the minimum size. In such cases the fluids will need to bridge off the opening to work. Based on bridging formation ideas, a development of new LCMs was conducted. These LCMs were able to handle downhole pressure differences.
Slotted disks were installed into a high-pressure cell. The slots were 18.00 mm long and 400, 700, 1600, 2000 and 2500μm wide which were made into disks with a diameter of 24.13 mm. Drilling fluid was pumped through the cell and an LCM filter cake was formed across the disk slot. The pressure required to break this filter cake was obtained (unless it exceeds 5000 psi) and recorded. The fluid filtration losses through the apparatus was strongly dependent on the LCM concentration. A set of LCM tests was performed, and examples are given where the LCM actually would withstand a differential pressure 5000 psi across the slotted disks without failing.
Effect of Mud on Cement Sheath Integrity
Authors: Skorpa Ragnhild , Werner Benjamin , Vrålstad Torbjørn 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Cement sheaths are among the most important well barrier elements and cement sheath integrity is thus important to maintain zonal isolation. Repeated pressure cycling in a well might lead to radial cracks and/or formation of microannuli in the cement sheaths. However, most experimental tests and model simulations of cement sheath integrity do not include mudfilms at the cement-rock interface, and the effect of such mudfilms on cement degradation during pressure cycling is thus not well understood.
In this paper, we have used our custom-made laboratory set-up to study how mudfilms influence cement sheath integrity during pressure cycling, where X-ray computer tomography (CT) is used to visualize microannuli and cracks formed in the cement. Our results show that the bonding towards the formation is of importance for the cement sheath integrity during pressure cycling, both in the case of a soft and a stiff surrounding formation. Additionally, we see that with mudfilm present at the cement-rock interface the cement sheath is able to withstand less casing pressure before failure compared to a cement sheath without mud. For samples with a mudfilm present, radial cracks were not observed to propagate from the cement sheath and into the surrounding rock in the area covered by mudfilm.
Experimental Evaluation of Oil Recovery Mechanisms Using a Variety of Surface-Modified Silica Nanoparticles in the Injection Water
Authors: Bila Alberto , Stensen Jan Åge , Torsæter Ole 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Lack of relevant screening methods of oil recovery techniques for water flood with added nanoparticles in a given reservoir are hindering its implementation for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) purposes. Moreover, the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of oil increased by nanoparticles must be improved.
In this work, we screened twenty-three different types of silica nanoparticles as additives to injection water for oil recovery applications. The nanoparticles were surface functionalised to remain stable in the injection water and be active at the surface. The hypothesis is that the particles will improve the microscopic oil recovery efficiency of water flood in an oil reservoir. The concentrated solution of nanoparticles were prepared to 0.1 wt % concentration in synthetic North Sea water. Crude oil was obtained from a field in the North Sea. The following investigations were carried out to quickly verify the performance of nanoparticle oil recovery: 1) secondary injection through a visual glass micromodel. 2) For the prominent silica nanoparticles, we evaluated oil recovery by conducting secondary core flooding experiments in water-wet Berea sandstone rocks; and 3) the displacement mechanisms of nanoparticles were investigated by interfacial tension measurements between nanofluids and crude oil; Amott-wettability test; and by analyzing differential pressure across the core.
Experimental results from secondary floods showed that modified silica nanoparticles can boost oil recovery. The core flood recoveries ranged from 45.7% to 54.5% of original oil in place (OOIP) compared to 39.7% of reference water flood. Displacement studies revealed that, oil recovery was obtained from a contribution of interfacial tension reduction, wettability alteration, and log jamming effect due to pore blockage. This work suggests a procedure for screening nanoparticles for EOR applications while providing insights into the role of the modified-silica nanoparticles for recovery of oil.
Considering the Impacts of Health Disparities, Inequalities, and Inequities on Early Diagnosis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: D'Anna Laura Hoyt 
Published: May 2019

“Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane.” – Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a worthwhile endeavor in that it remains underdiagnosed in an era where 9 FDA-approved treatments are available, which have shown to provide clinical improvements and prolonged survival.1 Furthermore, despite the significant advances in understanding the etiology of PAH, the time from onset of symptoms to recognition of the disease has not improved over the past 2 decades, the delay of which results in progression of pathologic changes that are life threatening and irreversible when left untreated. This is particularly concerning in that the potential for optimal clinical outcomes and survival is diminished even after a 2-year delay in diagnosis.2 The aim of this article is to evaluate the current public health framework to highlight social determinants that influence and may result in barriers in achieving optimal health outcomes, with a focus on factors that may contribute to delayed diagnosis of PAH.3
The Structures and Bioactivities of Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors
Authors: Jiang Hezhong , Gan Tian , Zhang Jiasui , Ma Qingyun , Liang Yan , Zhao Youxing 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS or FASN) is a vital enzyme which catalyzes
the de novo synthesis of long chain fatty acids. A number of studies have recently been reported
that FAS was combined targets for the discovery of anti-obesity and anti-cancer drugs. Great interest
has been developed in finding novel FAS inhibitors, and result in more than 200 inhibitors being
reported.

Methods:
The reported research literature about the FAS inhibitors was collected and analyzedsised
through major databases including Web of Science, and PubMed. Then the chemical stractures,
FAS inhibitory activities, and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) were summarized
focused on all these reported FAS inhibitors.

Results:
The 248 FAS inhibitors, which were reported during the past 20 years, could be divided
into thiolactone, butyrolactone and butyrolactam, polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and other
structures, in view of their structure characteristics. And the SAR of high inhibitory structures of
each type was proposed in this paper.

Conclusion:
A series of synthetic quinolinone derivatives show strongest inhibitory activity in the
reported FAS inhibitors. Natural polyphenols, existing in food and herbs, show more adaptive in
medicine exploration because of their safety and efficiency. Moreover, screening the FAS inhibitors
from microorganism and marine natural products could be the hot research directions in the
future.
Insulin Management for Type 1 Diabetic Patients During Social Alcohol Consumption: The SPRITZ Study
Authors: Cipponeri Elisa , Blini Cesare , Lamera Christian , De Mori Valentina , Veronesi Giovanni , Bossi Antonio Carlo 
Published: May 2019

Background :
There is no data available on the best insulin treatment to counteract the effects
of glucose excursions due to a moderate alcohol intake associated with portions of slight fat and
protein-containing food, as often the case during social happenings or “happy hours”.
Introduction: This study analyzes the glycemic control and quality of life in 8 adult type 1 diabetic
(T1D) patients on insulin-pump therapy which were invited to consume a traditional Italian aperitif
(“Spritz” and chips).

Introduction :
This study analyzes the glycemic control and quality of life in 8 adult type 1 diabetic
(T1D) patients on insulin-pump therapy which were invited to consume a traditional Italian aperitif
(“Spritz” and chips).

Methods:
Patients consumed Spritz aperitif twice: using their habitual bolus, based on carbohydrates
(CHO) counting (V1), or with a personalized, advanced bolus (V2) calculated from insulin/Kcal derived
from Fats and Proteins (FPU). Post-prandial glucose was continuously monitored; glucose incremental
areas (iAUC), glucose peak and time to peak, and estimated change from V1 to V2 from repeated-
measures models were computed. Each patient fulfilled validated questionnaires on quality of
life, knowledge about diabetes and CHO counting.

Results :
After the educational program, a reduced iAUC (0-80 min: -306, p=ns; 40-80 min: -400,
p=0.07) due to greater (p=0.03) and prolonged double-wave insulin boluses was observed. Blood glucose
peak and time to peak were also reduced. Moreover, improvements in the psycho-affective dimension,
as well as in the alimentary knowledge were detected.

Conclusion:
Therefore, a personalized educational program on CHO + FPU counting together with insulin
bolus management can improve glycemic control during social consumption of alcohol, with positive
reflections on the psycho-affective dimension. Further studies are mandatory to confirm such preliminary
results.
Electroanalytical Methods for Determination of Calcium Channel Blockers
Authors: Ağın Fatma 
Published: May 2019

Background:Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular and ischemic heart diseases in recent years. They treat arrhythmias by reducing cardiac cycle contraction and also benefit ischemic heart diseases. Electroanalytical methods are very powerful analytical methods used in the pharmaceutical industry because of the determination of therapeutic agents and/or their metabolites in clinical samples at extremely low concentrations (10-50 ng/ml). The purpose of this review is to gather electroanalytical methods used for the determination of calcium channel blocker drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological media selected mainly from current articles.Methods:This review mainly includes recent determination studies of calcium channel blockers by electroanalytical methods from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples. The studies of calcium channel blockers electroanalytical determination in the literature were reviewed and interpreted.Results:There are a lot of studies on amlodipine and nifedipine, but the number of studies on benidipine, cilnidipine, felodipine, isradipine, lercanidipine, lacidipine, levamlodipine, manidipine, nicardipine, nilvadipine, nimodipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, diltiazem, and verapamil are limited in the literature. In these studies, DPV and SWV are the most used methods. The other methods were used less for the determination of calcium channel blocker drugs.Conclusion:Electroanalytical methods especially voltammetric methods supply reproducible and reliable results for the analysis of the analyte. These methods are simple, more sensitive, rapid and inexpensive compared to the usually used spectroscopic and chromatographic methods.