bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging With Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification Enables Characterization of Mild Hypoxic‐Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rats
Authors: Zhu Zhen‐Hua , Peng Ke‐ping , Liu Ming‐hui , Tian Gui‐xiang 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the measurement of brain tissue stiffness using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography with virtual touch tissue quantification can improve the early detection of neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain damage in rats.MethodsSeven‐day‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the mild asphyxia (n = 30), moderate asphyxia (n = 30), and sham control (n = 10) groups. Rats in the mild and moderate asphyxia groups were exposed to 8% oxygen (hypoxia) for 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, at 1 hour after ligation of the right common carotid artery. An ultrasound diagnostic instrument was used to obtain 2‐dimensional ultrasound images, and ARFI with virtual touch tissue quantification was used to measure shear wave velocity preoperatively and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. Hematoxylin‐eosin staining was used to evaluate brain damage.ResultsTwo‐dimensional ultrasound imaging detected swelling and increased echogenicity at 48 to 72 hours in the mild asphyxia group and at 24 to 72 hours in the moderate asphyxia group. The shear wave velocity substantially increased from 0.65 ± 0.04 m/s preoperatively to 0.78 ± 0.07 m/s at 72 hours in the moderate asphyxia group and from 0.64 ± 0.04 m/s preoperatively to 0.70 ± 0.03 m/s at 72 hours in the mild asphyxia group. The changes in the shear wave velocity coincided with the histopathologic changes in the brain, which included neuronal demyelination, hyperplasia, and necrosis; edema around vascular structures; and hemorrhage in the ependymal and periventricular areas.ConclusionShear wave velocity data obtained with the virtual touch tissue quantification technique may be used for early diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain damage.
Automated Quantification of Vocal Fold Motion in a Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury Mouse Model
Authors: Haney Megan M. , Hamad Ali , Leary Emily , Bunyak Filiz , Lever Teresa E. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe goal of this study was to objectively examine vocal fold (VF) motion dynamics after iatrogenic recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury in a mouse surgical model. Furthermore, we sought to identify a method of inducing injury with a consistent recovery pattern from which we can begin to evaluate spontaneous recovery and test therapeutic interventions.Study DesignAnimal model.MethodsThe right RLN in C57BL/6J mice was crushed for 30 seconds using an aneurysm clip with 1.3‐N closing force. Transoral laryngoscopy enabled visualization of VF movement prior to surgery, immediately post‐crush, and at two endpoints: 3 days (n = 5) and 2 weeks (n = 5). VF motion was quantified with our custom motion‐analysis software. At each endpoint, RLN samples were collected for transmission electron microscopy for correlation with VF motion dynamics.ResultsOur VF tracking software permitted automated quantification of several measures of VF dynamics, such as range and frequency of motion. By 2 weeks post‐injury, the frequency of VF movement on the right (injured) side equaled the left, yet range of motion only partially recovered. These objective outcome measures enabled detection of VF dysfunction that persisted at 2 weeks post‐crush. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed RLN degeneration 3 days post‐crush and partial regeneration at 2 weeks, consistent with functional results obtained with automated VF tracking.ConclusionsOur motion‐analysis software provides novel objective, quantitative, and repeatable metrics to detect and describe subtle VF dysfunction in mice that corresponds with underlying RLN degeneration and recovery. Adaptation of our tracking software for use with human patients is underway.Level of EvidenceNALaryngoscope, 129:E247–E254, 2019
Synthesis of Methacrylate‐Terminated Block Copolymers with Reduced Transesterification by Controlled Ring‐Opening Polymerization
Authors: Ruiz‐Cantu Laura A. , Pearce Amanda K. , Burroughs Laurence , Bennett Thomas M. , Vasey Catherine E. , Wildman Ricky , Irvine Derek J. , Alexander Cameron , Taresco Vincenzo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis work presents a robust method to achieve the synthesis of low molecular weight polyesters via ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) initiated by 2‐hydroxyethyl‐methacrylate (HEMA) when using triazabicyclodecene (TBD) as catalyst. The effect that the HEMA:TBD ratio has upon the final reaction rate and final polymer molecular architecture is discussed. The optimum HEMA:TBD ratio and reaction conditions required to minimize competing transesterification reactions are determined, in order to synthesize successfully the target ROP macromonomer species containing only a single 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl end‐group. Additionally, to confirm the terminal end‐group fidelity of the product macromonomers and confirm TBD utility for block copolymer manufacture, a small series of di‐block polyesters are synthesized using TBD and shown to exhibit good control over the final polymer structure whilst negating the side transesterification reactions, irrespective of the monomers used.
Research on the acquisition of time‐reversed electromagnetic waves based on Fourier transform theory
Authors: Zhou Hong‐Cheng , Wang Bing‐Zhong , Wang Yu , Chen Wei‐Rong , Yan Zhong‐Ming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper mainly researches on the realization of time reversal mirror (TRM) based on the analog signal processing technology. Using chirped dispersive delay lines (CDDL) and based on Fourier transform theory, the solution for achieving time reversal (TR) waveform transformation has been concept proposed and theoretically analyzed. Furthermore, using two designed delay lines with the slope of −0.4 ns/GHz, the paper experimentally achieves time‐reversed waveform for a microwave signal with the time length of 1 ns. Compared to conventional implementation scheme systems with CDDLs, the newly suggested one is more stable with higher time‐bandwidth products and is able to process longer time duration and wider bandwidth, which provide theoretical basis for physically achieving time‐reversed systems.
Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions by Carbon‐Nanofibers‐Blended Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Sun Wanying , Wu Haiming , Xu Zhiwei , Li Cuiyu , Qian Xiaoming , Chen Lei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBy spinning different proportions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyacrylonitrile into filaments, discussing the structure of CNTs exposed on the surface of nanofibers after carbonization treatment at different temperatures, and the relationship between CNTs and pores in carbon nanofibers. Different pH, dosage, initial concentration of pollutants and adsorption time on the adsorption of Cr(VI) was studied on carbon nanofiber porous materials with carbon nanotubes. The results showed that the specific surface area of carbon nanofibers blended with CNTs increased to 37.627 m2/g and the pore volume reached 3.832cc/g. The porous adsorption material can reach the adsorption capacity of 25.17mgg−1 within 20 min. When the adsorption reached equilibrium, the adsorption capacity reached 76.62mgg−1.
Anti‐Inflammatory, Radical Scavenging Mechanism of New 4‐Aryl‐[1,3]‐thiazol‐2‐yl‐2‐quinoline Carbohydrazides and Quinolinyl[1,3]‐thiazolo[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazoles
Authors: Srinivasa Shashidhar Bharadwaj , Poojary Boja , Brahmavara Usha , Das Anupam Jyoti , Middha Sushil Kumar 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuinolines, thiazole and many thiazolotriazoles have been given insistence because of diversification in medicinal and biological properties associated with them. In view of these observations, it is therefore proposed to synthesize and study the biological properties of some novel quinolinylthiazolotriazole derivatives. All derivatives were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra. All compounds 5 a–g and 7 a–g series were screened for antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory potential. In 5 a‐g series, compounds 5 c (4‐NO2) and 5 a (4‐Br) derivatives showed free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 425.9 μg/ml and 413.3 μg/ml. In 7 a‐g series, compound 7 c (3‐NO2) and 7 g (4‐OH) derivatives showed highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values 7.75 μg/ml and 14.06 μg/ml. Compounds 5 a, 5 c, 7 c and 7 g exhibited pronounced anti‐inflammatory activity among all other synthesized compounds. Molecular docking studies revealed good binding through hydrogen bonding with catalytic residues as well as neighboring residues at the active site of target protein trypsin. Among all the synthesized compounds 5 c, 5 a, 7 c and 7 g showed least binding energy values of −10.70 kcal/mol, −9.69 kcal/mol, −11.47 kcal/mol and −9.83 kcal/mol respectively. Results from antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and in silico studies suggest that the synthesized compounds may be potential antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory agents and can act as lead molecules in drug discovery.
A Cellulose Derived Nanotubular MoO3/SnO2 Composite with Superior Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Qi Dongmei , Chu Huiya , Wang Kun , Li Xue , Huang Jianguo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA hierarchically nanotubular MoO3/SnO2 composite was synthesized based on the layer‐by‐layer self−assemble process followed by a calcination treatment, employing natural cellulose substance (commercial filter paper) as structural scaffold. This nanocomposite is composed of molybdenum trioxide nanocrystallites immobilized as a thin layer on the tin oxide nanotube surface. As being utilized as a host material for lithium storage, the MoO3/SnO2 nanocomposite exhibited high reversible specific capacity, good cyclability and enhanced rate performance as compared with the pure SnO2 and MoO3 counter materials. For the nanotubular MoO3/SnO2 composite with 48.9 wt% MoO3 content, it delivered an initial discharge capacity of 1930.6 mAh g−1 and a stable specific capacity of 1084.1 mAh g−1 after 100 discharge/charge cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The excellent lithium storage performance of the MoO3/SnO2 composite is benefited from the sophisticated hierarchically three‐dimensional network structures and the synergistic interaction between MoO3 and SnO2 components upon repeated lithiation/delithiation processes.
A Tunneling Dielectric Layer Free Floating Gate Nonvolatile Memory Employing Type‐I Core–Shell Quantum Dots as Discrete Charge‐Trapping/Tunneling Centers
Authors: Yan Chengyuan , Wen Jiamin , Lin Peng , Sun Zhenhua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA nonvolatile memory with a floating gate structure is fabricated using ZnSe@ZnS core–shell quantum dots as discrete charge‐trapping/tunneling centers. Systematical investigation reveals that the spontaneous recovery of the trapped charges in the ZnSe core can be effectively avoided by the type‐I energy band structure of the quantum dots. The surface oleic acid ligand surrounding the quantum dots can also play a role of energy barrier to prevent unintentional charge recovery. The device based on the quantum dots demonstrates a large memory window, stable retention, and good endurance. What is more, integrating charge‐trapping and tunneling components into one quantum dot, which is solution synthesizable and processible, can largely simplify the processing of the floating gate nonvolatile memory. This research reveals the promising application potential of type‐I core–shell nanoparticles as the discrete charge‐trapping/tunneling centers in nonvolatile memory in terms of performance, cost, and flexibility.
Rapid Relief: Thyroidectomy is a Quicker Cure than Radioactive Iodine Ablation (RAI) in Patients with Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Davis James R. , Dackiw Alan P. , Holt Shelby A. , Nwariaku Fiemu E. , Oltmann Sarah C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundTime to hormonal control after definitive management of hyperthyroidism is unknown but may influence patient and physician decision making when choosing between treatment options. The hypothesis is that the euthyroid state is achieved faster after thyroidectomy than RAI ablation.MethodsA retrospective review of all patients undergoing definitive therapy for hyperthyroidism was performed. Outcomes after thyroidectomy were compared to RAI.ResultsOver 3 years, 217 patients underwent definitive therapy for hyperthyroidism at a county hospital: 121 patients received RAI, and 96 patients underwent thyroidectomy. Age was equivalent (p = 0.72). More males underwent RAI (25% vs 15%, p = 0.05). Endocrinologists referred for both treatments equally (p = 0.82). Both treatments were offered after a minimum 1‐year trial of medical management (p = 0.15). RAI patients mostly had Graves (93%), versus 73% of thyroidectomy patients (p < 0.001). Thyroidectomy patients more frequently had eye symptoms (35% vs 13%, p < 0.001), compressive symptoms (74% vs 15%, p < 0.001), or were pregnant/nursing (14% vs 0, p < 0.001). While the thyroidectomy patients had a documented discussion of all treatment modalities, 79% of RAI patients did not have a documented discussion regarding the option of surgical management (p < 0.001). Both treatment groups achieved an euthyroid state (71% vs 65%, p = 0.39). Thyroidectomy patients became euthyroid faster [3 months (2–7 months) versus 9 months (4–14 months); p < 0.001].ConclusionsThyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism renders a patient to an euthyroid state faster than RAI. This finding may be important for patients and clinicians considering definitive options for hyperthyroidism.
An Online P300 Brain–Computer Interface Based on Tactile Selective Attention of Somatosensory Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Li Jianing , Pu Jiangbo , Cui Hongyan , Xie Xiaobo , Xu Shengpu , Li Ting , Hu Yong 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Purpose
P300 component of event related potentials in response to visual and auditory stimulation has been widely used in brain–computer interfaces (BCI). In clinical applications, tactile stimulus based on somatosensory electrical stimulation is an alternative for patients with impaired vision or hearing. This study presents an online P300 BCI based on somatosensory electrical stimulation paradigm. P300 signals were elicited by tactile selective attention of electrical stimuli on four fingers.

Methods
Fifteen healthy subjects participated in this study. Participants’ task was to focus their attention on the target finger and count the number. The classification of P300 signals was performed by step-wise linear discriminate analysis.

Results
The average classification accuracy of the somatosensory BCI was 79.81 ± 7.91%, with the information transfer rate at 4.9 ± 1.3 bits/min. The BCI performance on different time windows was also evaluated in the present study.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate the feasibility of employing somatosensory electrical stimuli to build a practical online P300 BCI without taxing the visual and auditory channel, providing a wider application prospect in clinical applications and daily life. We anticipate our diagram to be a starting point for more explorations on utilizing electrical somatosensory stimuli in conjunction with portable BCI for neural rehabilitation.
Knowing Yourself and Being Worth Knowing
Authors: MACKENZIE JORDAN 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhilosophers have often understood self-knowledge's value in instrumentalist terms. Self-knowledge may be valuable as a means to moral self-improvement and self-satisfaction, while its absence can lead to viciousness and frustration. These explanations, while compelling, do not fully explain the value that many of us place in self-knowledge. Rather, we have a tendency to treat self-knowledge as its own end. In this article, I vindicate this tendency by identifying a moral reason that we have to value and seek self-knowledge that is independent of the reason that we have to value the beneficial ends that it helps us achieve. I argue that we are in an inescapable relationship with ourselves that requires both self-love and self-respect. Self-love gives us a noninstrumental reason to know ourselves, while self-respect demands that we take this reason seriously. To pursue a project of self-discovery carefully and for its own sake, then, is part of what it is to stand in a loving and respectful relationship with ourselves.
Asymmetric Personal Identity
Authors: SIDER THEODORE 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPersonal identity is not always symmetric: even if I will not be a later person, the later person may have been me. What makes this possible is that the relations that are criterial of personal identity—such as memory and anticipation—are asymmetric and ‘count in favor of personal identity from one side only’. Asymmetric personal identity can be accommodated by temporal counterpart theory but not by Lewisian overlapping aggregates of person stages. The question of uncertainty in cases of personal fission (and in Everettian quantum mechanics) is also discussed.
Flux emergence rate of active regions as a probe for turbulent dynamo action
Authors: Kutsenko Aleksandr S. , Abramenko Valentina I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe analyze the flux emergence rate of solar active regions (ARs). Numerical simulations by other authors suggest that the flux emergence rate depends on the AR’s twist. To prove this statement observationally, we make a comparison of the flux emergence rate and twist of 215 emerging ARs. Our results confirm that the correlation exists: the higher the twist the higher the flux emergence rate of an AR. We suppose that the difference in the twist can be caused by chaotic influence of the convective plasma motions on the lifting magnetic flux tube.
Study of solar flares associated with Geoeffective CMEs
Authors: Choithani Veena , Jain Rajmal , Pallamraju Duggirala 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe study 30 solar flare events associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) that produced geomagnetic storms as measured in Dst index. Our study reveals that the magnitude of Dst index is significantly associated with maximum solar wind speed, peak of Bz component of the IMF and the product of peak Bz and solar wind speed (minimum and maximum). From our investigations, it can be inferred that CMEs travel with higher speed in the beginning and their speed reduces as they reach L1 location.
Migration of polar prominences in 13-24 cycles of activity
Authors: Tlatova Kseniya A. , Tlatov Andrey , Vasil’eva Valeriya 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe are performed the digitization of the prominences from the full disk observations of the Sun in the CaIIK line Kodaikanal Observatory for the period 1904-1954. These data were supplemented by digitization of prominences data on Wolfer atlases for the period 1887-1900 and observations of Kislovodsk Observatory in the period 1957-2017. Particular attention was paid to study of the polar crown prominences drift time. The time interval of the prominence drift is ambiguous from the sunspot cycle amplitude.
Scaling Analysis of the Flare Index Data from Kandilli Observatory
Authors: Roy Soumya , Prasad Amrita , Chowdhury Susovan , Panja Subhash Chandra , Patra Sankar Narayan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe daily time series Flare Index (FI) data of Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere and Total Disk for Solar Cycle 21- 23 and 24 up to Dec. 2014 has been pre-processed using a 2nd order exponential smoothing algorithm to remove orthogonal noise. The smoothed data in each case is processed for scaling analysis using Rescaled-Range Analysis as well as Finite Variance Scaling Method in order to search for the Hurst exponent. As the value of H obtained from our analysis lies in between 0 and 1, so it can be said that the signal may behave like Fractional Brownian Motion. Also, it is observed that H is less than 0.5 which indicates the data is anti-persistent in nature and it has a strong negative correlation within the signal. The value of H also indicates the oscillating features of the signal which might have some fundamental periodicities in the Suns atmosphere.
Characteristic of Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Indices during Solar Flares
Authors: Mishra Roshan K. , Adhikari Binod , Pandit Drabindra , Chapagain Narayan P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractActive sun is characterized by compelling short-lived flash of solar eruption like solar flare, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), high-speed solar winds and solar energetic particles along with colossal release of energy and mass. This paper proposes a new method to evaluate solar wind parameters and geomagnetic indices based on wavelet analysis during the solar flares. The crucial role of IMF-Bz (interplanetary magnetic field) is examined for the two solar flares events. The key result obtained from our study is substantial dependence of solar flare intensity on IMF-Bz together with solar wind velocity. We also observed the duration of solar flares and their effect on ionospheric and ground based parameters.
Long-term variations in meridional motion of sunspot groups: comparison of DPD and SOON data
Authors: Javaraiah J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe have analyzed the Debrecen Photoheliographic Data (DPD) and the Solar Optical Observing Network (SOON) sunspot group data during the period 1977 – 2015 and find that during the maximum of solar cycle 23 there is a large difference in the mean meridional motion of sunspot groups determined from DPD and SOON data.
Explaining the variation of the meridional circulation with the solar cycle
Authors: Hazra Gopal , Choudhuri Arnab Rai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe meridional circulation of the Sun is observationally found to vary with the solar cycle, becoming slower during the solar maxima. We explain this by constructing a theoretical model in which the equation of the meridional circulation (the φ component of the vorticity equation) is coupled with the equations of the flux transport dynamo model. We find that the Lorentz force of the dynamo-generated magnetic fields can slow down the meridional circulation during the solar maxima in broad conformity with the observations.
Reconstruction of solar activity according to the data of centenary observations
Authors: Tlatova Kseniya A. , Vasil’eva Valeriya , Tlatov Andrey 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDigitization of solar activity data over a period of more than 100 years has been performed. The database presents the characteristics of sunspots, sunspot umbras, filaments, plages in CaIIK line and prominences. The series of vector boundaries and photometric properties of the selected objects are created.The characteristics of individual types of solar activity were determined. An interactive atlas of solar activity has been created, on which daily maps of solar activity, characteristics of individual elements and summary indices of solar activity are presented. The indices of solar activity were reconstructed and the analysis was carried out.
The morphological comparison and analysis of coronal green line
Authors: Zhang Xuefei , Liu Yu , Zhao Mingyu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe coronal is the origins of large-scale solar activity and disastrous space weather, it contains extremely rich information and various physical processes. The coronal loop is a kind of bright structure with hot plasma which is bounded by magnetic field in the coronal, it is a good reflection of the magnetic structure that we can hardly observe directly. It is also the energy channel between the photosphere and coronal, and the study of coronal loop is helpful for us to understand the magnetic line foot movement.