bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of inversion traction on pain sensation, lumbar flexibility and trunk muscles strength in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Kim Jae-Deung , Oh Hye-Won , Lee Jung-Hyun , Cha Jun-Youl , Ko Il-Gyu , Jee Yong-Seok 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Effectiveness of inversion traction has been revealed in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP), however, it is still unknown as to which angles of inversion traction positively affect patients with CLBP. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the angle-effects of inversion traction on pain sensation, lumbar flexibility, and trunk muscles (flexors and extensors) strength in patients with CLBP after an 8 week treatment program. METHODS: Forty-seven women suffering nonspecific CLBP for 23.00± 5.45 weeks were included prospectively and randomized into 3 groups: supine group (SG; n=15), inversion −30° group (I30G; n=18), and inversion −60° group (I60G; n=14), respectively. Each group completed a 3-minute × 3-set inversion traction protocol at 0°, inverted−30°, or inverted −60°, respectively for 4 days a week during 8 weeks. The outcome measures included rating of pain using the visual analogue scale (VAS), flexibility of lumbosacral joint, and the isokinetic strength of the trunk flexors and extensors at 60°/s. RESULTS: Pain was significantly improved after 8 weeks. The reductions observed in VAS scores were lower in the I60G compared with the changes in I30G and SG. Significant interaction effects were observed in trunk flexion and extension particularly in the I60G condition. There was also a significant increase in the extensor peak torque of the I60G. CONCLUSIONS: Inversion traction at angle of −60° reduced back pain or discomfort and improved lumbar flexibility and isokinetic trunk extensor strength in patients with CLBP following an 8 week program. Therefore, this treatment modality may be suitable for patient groups of similar CLBP phenomenology.
Ultrasonography of the deep abdominal muscles at rest and during the drawing-in maneuver: A comparative study of Japanese adolescent vs. adult soccer players
Authors: Watanabe Hiroyuki , Abe Hiroshi , Tojima Michio , Yoshimoto Masumi , Takahira Naonobu , Torii Suguru 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of abdominal deep muscles in adolescent soccer players. METHODS: Participants were 53 soccer players from junior high school and 14 adult soccer players. The deep abdominal muscles of both sides were imaged by ultrasonography. Abdominal muscles on the dominant leg side were selected as the targets of measurements, and measurements of the transversus abdominis (TrA) and internal oblique (IO) muscle were conducted. The muscle thickness of these muscles was measured at rest and during contraction (while drawing-in of the abdominal wall) and served as the basis for comparing the adolescent and adult players. RESULTS: While no significant inter-group differences were noted in the thickness of the TrA or IO muscle at rest, a significant difference was observed during the drawing-in maneuver. CONCLUSION: The deep abdominal muscles of adolescent soccer players have not likely reached full maturity.
Inflammatory responses after different velocities of eccentric exercise
Authors: Conceição Miguel Soares , Libardi Cleiton A. , Chacon-Mikahil Mara Patrícia T. , Nogueira Felipe Romano Damas , Vechin Felipe Cassaro , Bonganha Valéria , Bernardes Celene Fernandes , Madruga Vera Aparecida , Cavaglieri Claudia Regina 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to verify the indirect markers of muscle damage and inflammatory response following different velocities of eccentric exercise in women. METHODS: Nine women performed isokinetic eccentric actions at a slow velocity (Ecc30 group, 23.8 ± 2.0 years; 57.8 ± 7.0 Kg; 1.6± 0.5 m) and another ten women performed at high velocity (Ecc210 group, 22.2 ± 3.9 years; 56.4 ± 6.0 Kg; 1.6 ± 0.5 m). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), range of motion (ROM), upper-arm circumference, muscle soreness, creatine kinase (CK), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured before, immediately after (except CK and cytokines), and 24, 48 and 72 h following exercise. Normalized changes in the variables following exercise were compared between velocities by a mixed model. RESULTS: The Ecc30 demonstrated greater CK activity than the Ecc210(group vs. time interaction, P< 0.001). A group effect for circumference and ROM (P< 0.001) and a time effect for circumference (P=0.003), ROM (P=0.004), soreness (P< 0.001), TNF-α (P=0.004), IL-6 (P=0.001) and IL-10(P=0.041) were found. The Ecc30 showed large effect sizes for TNF-α and IL-6 compared to Ecc210, which presented small and moderate effect sizes, respectively. IL-10 showed a moderate effect size for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The velocity of the eccentric exercise does not modulate the systemic anti-inflammatory response, at least for a low number of muscle contractions performed by a small muscle group in women.
The influence of running and cycling on subsequent maximal muscular performance
Authors: Wilhelm Eurico N. , Radaelli Regis , Perin Diana , Cunha Giovani S. , Cadore Eduardo L. , Laitano Orlando , Reischak-Oliveira Alvaro , Pinto Ronei S. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The extent to which moderate intensity running or cycling impact subsequent maximal neuromuscular performance is unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of moderate intensity and volume running and cycling on maximal and explosive muscle strength. METHODS: Ten young physically active men were recruited and had their knee extension isometric peak torque, rate of torque development (RTD), and counter movement jump height measured at a baseline reference condition (REF) and after moderate intensity 30 min running(RUN) or cycling (CYC). Electromyographic activity of the quadriceps muscles was obtained during the isometric tests. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between conditions for isometric peak torque (p> 0.05), RTD (p> 0.05), countermovement jump (p> 0.05), and the electromyographic amplitude (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present data indicate that maximal and explosive lower limb muscle strength is not compromised after 30 minutes of moderate intensity continuous exercise, independent of the mode of the exercise performed.
Effect of low to moderate intensity walking and cycling on glycaemic and metabolic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus adolescent males: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tomar Rakesh , Hamdan Mohammmed , Al-Qahtani Mohammad Hussain 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, i.e., the immune system destroys the special cells that make and secrete insulin. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of 12 weeks exercise programme on glycaemic and metabolic control in T1DM adolescents. METHODS: Twenty-four T1DM adolescent males(12–16 y) were randomised into an exercise (n=12) and control group (n=12). Twelve weeks of exercise programme was administered to the exercise group. Two patients, one in each group discontinued training. Training intensity was 40–60% of maximum heart rate for a duration 60 min, 3 times a week. RESULTS: No significant improvement was seen in HbA $_{1c}$ (P=0.598), low density lipoprotein (P=0.264), high density lipoprotein (P=0.276) and triglycerides (P=0.490) in the exercise group but significant improvement was observed in insulin dose (P=0.000) and total cholesterol (P=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Twelve weeks of closely supervised exercise programme enhanced reduction in insulin dose and lowered the total cholesterol T1DM adolescent male and could be recommended as a part of the management of T1DM.
Kinesio Taping improves shoulder internal rotation and the external/internal rotator strength ratio in patients with rotator cuff tendinitis
Authors: Kim Soo-Yong , Kang Min-Hyeok , Kim Eui-Ryong , Oh Jae-Seop 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Although Kinesio Taping (KT) may increase muscle strength, few studies have examined the effectiveness of KT on muscle strength in patients with rotator cuff tendinitis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of KT on the isokinetic strength of the shoulder internal rotator (IR) and external rotator (ER) muscles in patients with rotator cuff tendinitis. METHODS: Thirteen patients with rotator cuff tendinitis participated in this study. Shoulder IR and ER strength was measured concentrically (at 60 and 180°/s) before and after applying KT. The PT of each muscle group as well as the ER to IR ratios served as the outcome parameters. RESULTS: The PT (both absolute and bodyweight normalized) of the IRs was significantly higher post-KT compared to pre-KT at both angular velocities. The ER/IR ratio was significantly lower post-KT than pre-KT at 60°/s. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that KT may effectively increase the shoulder IR muscle strength and help restore the shoulder ER/IR balance with decreased ratios in patients with rotator cuff tendinitis.
Moderate intensity and volume downhill run does not impair knee joint stability at early and late phases of quadriceps/hamstrings contraction
Authors: de Oliveira Assumpção Cláudio , de Lima Leonardo Coelho Rabello , de Oliveira Felipe Bruno Dias , Greco Camila Coelho , Denadai Benedito Sérgio 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Muscle strength imbalance can be an important factor in hamstrings muscle strain. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of downhill running on hamstrings/quadriceps torque (H/Q _{torque} ) and the electromechanical delay(H/Q _{EMD} ) ratios. METHODS: Fifteen active male individuals performed two maximal voluntary isometric contractions of the knee extensors and knee flexors, from which the maximal muscle torque, EMD and H/Q _{torque} and H/Q _{EMD} ratios were extracted. Thereafter, the participants performed a 30-minute downhill run (−16%) at 70% VO _{2} max. Dependent variables were assessed immediately before, immediately following and 48 hours after the effort. RESULTS: Maximal isometric torque decreased significantly immediately after the downhill run for both the extensors (pre: 271.8 ± 45.9 N˙m; post: 235.5 ± 55.7 N˙m) and flexors (pre: 112.2 ± 26.3 N˙m; post: 97.7 ± 27.2 N˙m). No significant difference was identified over time for the EMD of the vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscles. The H/Q _{torque} and H/Q _{EMD} ratios were not influenced by the downhill run. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated that moderate intensity and volume downhill run does not impair knee joint stability at early(H/Q _{EMD} ) and late phases (H/Q _{torque} ) of quadriceps/hamstrings contraction.
Factors influencing the reproducibility of isokinetic knee flexion and extension test findings
Authors: Alt Tobias , Knicker Axel J. , Strüder Heiko K. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Although the reliability of isokinetic strength tests of knee flexors (flex) and extensors (ext) has been examined several times, statistical evidence about the influence of internal and external factors is missing. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine the impact of familiarisation, muscle group, contraction mode, angular velocity and test parameters on the reproducibility of findings derived from an isokinetic dynamometer (IsoMed 2000). METHODS: Thirty-three male subjects (mean age: 22.3 years) with no prior experience of isokinetic exercise participated in three identical test sessions (T1, T2, T3), each separated by 48–72 h. Peak moment (PM), angle of peak moment (APM) and contractional work (CW) were determined unilaterally(left and right) during maximum concentric (con) and eccentric (ecc) knee flexion (abdominal position) and extension (supine position) at 30, 90 and 150°/s, respectively. An ANOVA with repeated measures confirmed systematic bias. Reproducibility of consecutive tests (T1–T2, T2–T3) was assessed by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC 2,1)(relative reliability) as well as the standard error of measurement (SEM)(absolute reliability). ICC values were averaged according to respective factors (Fisher's z-transformation) and tested for significant differences by Steiger's formulas. RESULTS: PM and CW demonstrated a high absolute reliability (SEM: 4.7–10.5%). Relative reproducibility varied considerably (p⩽ 0.05) between muscles (ecc flex > ecc ext), contraction modes (con ext > ecc ext) and test parameters (PM=CW > APM), but did not depend on angular velocity (30=90=150°/s). Due to familiarisation the reliability of PM obtained from eccentric knee extensions significantly increased (T2–T3> T1–T2). CONCLUSIONS: These results improve the development and execution of reliable isokinetic strength testing protocols for unilateral knee flexion and extension together with the interpretation of different test parameters.
Relative muscle contribution of lower extremity muscles during isokinetic single leg squat in patients following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Shanbehzadeh Sanaz , Amiri Ali , Pirali Milad , Nassadj Gholamhossein , Yazdi Hamid Reza , Jamshidi Ali Ashraf 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: The single-leg squat (SLS) is a common strengthening exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) surgery. The multi-joint nature of squatting may allow patients to shift the demand from the target muscle group to its synergies, thus reducing the strengthening effect of the SLS exercise. OBJECTIVE: To compare the muscular contribution in the involved and uninvolved side of the ACLR patients and both sides of the ACLR patients with the matched control group during SLS exercise. METHOD: Seventeen athletic men with unilateral ACL reconstruction and 16 athletic healthy men participated. Integrated Electromyography was used to calculate the relative contributions of, Vastus Medialis (VM), Vastus Lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), Gluteus maximus(GMax) and Soleus (SOL) muscles to SLS performance and squat peak force was measured with a Biodex System 3 isokinetic dynamometer. RESULTS: The VM muscle contribution was significantly lower and the VL and GMax contribution was higher on the involved side of the ACLR patients compared to their uninvolved side and the control group. The SLS peak force was significantly lower on the involved side compared to the uninvolved side. CONCLUSION: The increased VL and GMax muscle contribution might be a compensatory mechanism for the reduced VM contribution on the involved side.
Association between clinical measures of sarcopenia in a sample of community-dwelling women
Authors: Steffl Michal , Bohannon Richard W. , Houdova Veronika , Musalek Martin , Prajerova Kveta , Cesak Petr , Petr Miroslav , Kohlikova Eva , Holmerova Iva 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia is defined as a loss of muscle mass and strength as well as a reduction in physical performance with aging. This study was undertaken to examine the association between specific measures of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in older women. METHODS: Sixty-nine community-dwelling women with an average age of 66 years (range 60–79) participated in this study. Their muscle mass was described using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), their muscle strength was characterized using hand-grip dynamometry (HGD) and their physical performance was denoted using gait speed. Associations between the measures were examined using Pearson correlations and factor analysis. RESULTS: The correlation between muscle mass and muscle strength was strong and significant (p< 0.001), whereas the correlation between both variables and gait speed was poor and not significant. The factor analysis showed that gait speed (loading=−0.235) was not part of the same component as muscle mass and grip strength. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle mass and muscle strength were very closely linked with one another but not with gait speed. Muscle mass and strength represent a different component of sarcopenia than physical performance, at least as represented by gait speed.
Strength and torque consistency of the hip and knee flexors and extensors: A comparative study of elderly and young individuals
Authors: Borges Viviane Santos , Domingues João Marcos , Dias Rosângela Corrêa , Garcia Patrícia Azevedo , Dvir Zeevi 
Published: October 2018

OBJECTIVES: To assess the strength of the flexors and extensors of the knee and hip joints in elderly and in young individuals. METHODS: A group of elderly women (N=47) and men (N=44) aged 65 and older and a group of young women (N=15) and men (N=15) aged between 20 and 30 years were tested for the isokinetic strength of the hip and knee flexors and extensors. RESULTS: A typical age-related decrease in the strength of all tested muscles was observed but the decline in hip muscles strength, compared to those of the knee, was significantly lower, by about 10%. Moreover, women presented a significantly better strength preservation than men. The consistency of performing the repeated isokinetic efforts was higher, in some instances significantly so, in the older (range: 4.4–11%) than in the younger (3.5–6.3%) individuals but the differences do not seem to convey any clinical significance. CONCLUSION: These findings enable clinicians to set valid rehabilitation goals, particularly with respect to hip dysfunction in the elderly. Furthermore, healthy elderly individuals perform maximal isokinetic tests with substantially similar degree of gross motor control compared to that of young individuals.
The association of WOMAC, HSS and isokinetic strength and fatigue of knee muscles in people with osteoarthritis following total knee replacement
Authors: Tutté María Laura , Viladomat Merce Avellanet , Coppin Oliver Valero , Cervantes Didac Haro , Muñoz Jose Ignacio Torrero 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint pathology and an important cause of disability among people over 65 years of age. Following total knee replacement (TKR), which may be the only curative intervention, function is mainly affected by quadriceps weakness whose extent can accurately be assessed using isokinetic dynamometry. AIM: To evaluate the association between the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Hospital for Special Surgery Score (HSS) scores and knee muscle isokinetic strength and fatigue findings in TKR patients 2–5 years postoperatively as well as assess the reproducibility and validity of the isokinetic test findings in this cohort. DESIGN: Twenty-four women who underwent TKR filled in the WOMAC and HSS questionnaires. The isokinetic test was carried out at 120 and 180°/s in concentric flexion/extension. The maximal isokinetic strength was evaluated as the peak torque (PT). Isokinetic fatigue was measured using the fatigue index and calculated based on 40 repetitions at 120°/s. The same protocol was performed 7 days apart. Test-retest reproducibility was analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and Bland Altman plots. HSS and WOMAC internal consistency was tested with Cronbach's alpha; questionnaire validity and correlations were obtained using Spearman's rho. RESULTS: The HSS Function sub-score was significantly correlated with quadriceps PT but not with fatigue isokinetic scores. Excellent reproducibility was indicated for all outcome measures, with the exception of the HSS Knee subscore and the fatigue index. CONCLUSIONS: Isokinetic dynamometry of the quadriceps can provide objective and useful information regarding the functional status of patients following TKR due to OA of the knee.
Changes in the mechanical and electromyographic output during isotonic and isometric exercise in men and women
Authors: Schmitz Randy J. , Arnold Brent L. , Perrin David H. , Granata Kevin P. , Gaesser Glenn A. , Gansneder Bruce M. 
Published: October 2018

{\it Purpose:} The purpose of this study was to determine if surface electromyography (EMG) could be used to index fatigue during isotonic and maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the knee extensors in men and women. {\it Methods:} Ten males (age = 22.1 \pm 3.3 yr, ht = 180.3 \pm 5.5 cm, mass 78.7 \pm 5.1 kg) and ten females (age = 23.9 \pm 4.6 yr, ht = 163.7.3 \pm 11.1 cm, mass 63.2 \pm 7.4 kg) underwent one isometric (120 s MVIC of the knee extensors) and one isotonic (120 maximal effort isotonic contractions at a resistance of 25% of the MVIC peak torque determined on the testing day) exercise session separated by at least 48∼hrs. The EMG signal was collected from the vastus lateralis during both exercise protocols using standard EMG collection techniques. Average torque (AT) was calculated from each 3 s window of the 120 s MVIC, and the average peak power (APP) was calculated for every 3 consecutive contractions during the dynamic exercise. {\it Results:} Both the isometric and isotonic fatigue protocols resulted in significant (p<0.05) decreases in AT and APP, respectively. During the isotonic exercise protocol, decreases in APP during contractions 31--54 were significantly greater (p<0.05) for males than females. Time-amplitude domain processing of the EMG data demonstrated significant decreases in the root mean square amplitude during the course of isometric exercise (p<0.05) but not during isotonic exercise (p>0.05). A main effect for gender (p<0.05) revealed larger EMG amplitude for females when compared to males during isotonic exercise. {\it Conclusions:} These results indicate that gender may be a factor in the development of dynamic fatigue and that EMG can index fatigue during a sustained MVIC.
Isokinetic assessment in schoolchildren with low back pain
Authors: Negrini Stefano 
Published: October 2018

In recent years there has been growing concern regarding back pain in schoolchildren. Our research team studied the risk factors in this particular age group including a careful evaluation, still in progress, of trunk performance. The aim of this paper is to present a review of literature and the pertinent questions relating to this field. The issues that will be discussed are: 1. Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain in teenagers: are they related to trunk muscles? 2. Low back pain and school backpacks: some unexpected results relating to a particular trunk muscle performance risk factor 3. Normative isokinetic trunk performance parameters in schoolchildren 4. Correlation of sporting activities with back pain and isokinetic trunk strength 5. Preliminary results associating isokinetic trunk strength and back pain 6. Pertinent new questions