bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Cyclotorsional Rotation During Excimer Laser Ablation in LASIK
Authors: Hori-Komai Yoshiko , Sakai Chikako , Toda Ikuko , Ito Mitsutoshi , Yamamoto Takahiro , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Positionally induced cyclotorsion could be an important factor in the correction of astigmatism during refractive surgery. We analyzed the change in cyclotorsional rotation during excimer laser ablation in LASIK surgery using the NIDEK Torsion Error Detector (TED).
METHODS: One hundred ten patients (192 eyes) who underwent LASIK for myopic astigmatism, using the NIDEK Advanced Vision Excimer Laser (NAVEX) were measured for cyclotorsion during surgery using the TED system. The manifest refraction of these patients was -6.80?2.74 diopters (D) (range: -1.00 to -13.75 D). The iris pattern of the patient's eyes in the supine position was recorded via a CCD camera in the EC5000CXII excimer laser system, and it was compared to the iris pattern acquired during OPD-Scan measurement in the sitting position.
RESULTS: During laser ablation, the degree of cyclotorsional rotation detected by TED was 1.33 ?1.88 degrees (range: -6.33 to 2.99 degrees) clockwise and 1.00?1.79 degrees (range: -3.70 to 7.34 degrees) counterclockwise. The absolute degree of torsion error detected by the TED system was 2. 33? 1.16 degrees (range: 0 to 6.21 degrees).
CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of the cylinder treatment can be reduced due to torsion errors. The degree of cyclotorsion constantly changes during laser ablation. Therefore, a monitoring system should be developed for the measurement of torsion error, and this will enable the maximum possible correction of the error during laser ablation. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:911-915.]
Geometric Customization of Optical and Transition Zone Parameters for Treatment of Compound Myopic Astigmatism With the NIDEK EC-5000 Excimer Laser
Authors: Gatinel Damien , Hoang-Xuan Thanh 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the refractive outcome of two ablation zone designs using LASIK for the correction of compound myopic astigmatism.
METHODS: This retrospective study compared refractive outcomes in two groups of patients undergoing LASIK. In the circular treatment group, 45 eyes were corrected with circular optical and transition zones of 6 mm and 6.5 mm, respectively. In the customized treatment group, 45 eyes were corrected with optical and transition zones enlarged along the flat axis to 6.5 mm and 7.5 mm, respectively. P values <.05 were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -5.36?2.02 diopters (D) and -5.36?2.13Dfor the circular and customized treatment groups, respectively. Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -0.09?0.74 D and -0.11?0.42 D for the circular and customized treatment groups, respectively. Mean cylinder was 0.49?0.39 D and 0.22?0.43 D for the circular and customized treatment groups, respectively (P<.001). Postoperative blur strength index was 0.68 ?0.44 D and 0.39?0.27 D in the circular and customized treatment groups, respectively (P<.001). Uncorrected visual acuity was significantly better in the customized treatment group compared with the circular treatment group (P<.05). The gain in lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was significantly greater in the customized treatment group compared with the circular treatment group (P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: An elliptical ablation zone for treating compound myopic astigmatism results in better efficacy, safety, and lower tissue removal than a circular treatment zone. This may be due to the geometric optimization provided by the enlargement of the optical and transition zones along the flat meridian. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:924-930.]
Analysis of the Optical Performance of Presbyopia Treatments With the Defocus Transfer Function
Authors: Schwiegerling Jim 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A variety of techniques for treating presbyopia are available. However, these techniques are often disparate in the mechanisms used to cope with the lack of accommodation. Multizone-refractive, diffractive, and apodized intraocular lens technologies are currently being used. This article evaluates the optical performance of these markedly different technologies in a simple and comparable manner.
METHODS: The Defocus Transfer Function is a mathematical technique for illustrating the Optical Transfer Function for all levels of defocus. By calculating the Defocus Transfer Function, the simulated performance of presbyopia correction technologies on distance, intermediate, and near vision can be evaluated simultaneously. Simulations of an opaque annular ring, a zonal refractive lens, a full-aperture diffractive lens, and an apodized diffractive lens are analyzed at pupil sizes of 3, 4, and 6 mm with this technique.
RESULTS: The opaque annul us begins to act like a Fresnel amplitude zone plate for small pupils. The diffractive lens technologies had sharp optical performance at two distinct foci with a shift in performance from balanced to distance-biased for the apodized diffractive lens. The zonal refractive lens exhibited a multifocal effect. However, the optical performance of this technology fell below that of the diffractive lenses.
CONCLUSIONS: The Defocus Transfer Function is a useful tool for analyzing presbyopia treatments. Different strategies for creating simultaneous vision or extended depth of field are easily compared. It may also be possible to reverse this technique to create an ideal pupil function that meets a desired multifocal performance specification. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:965-971.]
Interpretation of Aberrometry Measurements in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Ligabue Edoardo A , Giordano Cristina 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To discuss the use of wavefront measurements generated from the NIDEK OPD-Scan Il and OPDStation for cataract surgery.
METHODS: Case examples are presented along with information and relevant clinical data obtained from the OPD-Scan Il aberrometer and OPD-Station software. All eyes underwent corneal topography, wavefront aberrometry, a uto refraction, keratometry, and pupil lometry measurements pre- and postoperatively using the OPDScan II. Optical and visual quality simulations, including modulation transfer functions, and visual quality attributable to corneal and internal aberrations, were performed using OPD-Station software.
RESULTS: Twelve case examples from cataract surgery, including aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, diffractive I OLs, and to rie IOL implantation, are presented.
CONCLUSIONS: The wavefront analysis in cataract surgery was shown to be a fundamental tool in evaluating visual quality after IOL implantation. The OPD-Scan Il distinguished between corneal and lenticular aberrations, allowing for evaluation of actual optical and visual performance attributable to the IOL. Our review of case examples also showed that for multifocal IOL implantation, a thorough investigation is necessary to correlate subjective and objective visual quality and for patient selection. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:S996-S1004.]
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy to Eliminate Postoperative Interface Sheen in Hyperopic LASIK
Authors: Grim Millicent , Pablo Rachelle 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of minimal phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) during primary hyperopic LASIKto eliminate or minimize interface sheen.
METHODS: Forty-two eyes of 21 consecutive hyperopic patients underwent LASIK using the NIDEK EC5000 CX excimer laser. Mean spherical hyperopia was +3.05±1.41 diopters (D) (range: +0.75 to +5.75 D); mean cylinder was -0.88±0.89 D (range: -0.25 to -2.25 D). Mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent was +2.70±1.17 D (range: +0.75 to +5.00 D). Twenty-eight eyes received PTK after the refractive ablation whereas 14 eyes did not. The presence or absence of interface sheen was noted using si it- lamp microscopy.
RESULTS: One (3.5%) eye in the group that received PTK ablation had sheen whereas 27 (89%) eyes did not. A greater number of cases with sheen occurred in the group that did not receive PTK (12 eyes).
CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that the delivery of minimal PTK without a masking agent tends to reduce the incidence of sheen after hyperopic LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:S1054-S1056.]
The Impact of Nd:YAG Capsulotomy on Foveal Thickness Measurement by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Altiparmak Ugur E. , Ersoz Ibrahim , Hazirolan Dicle , Koklu Burcin , Kasim Remzi , Duman Sunay 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To measure the foveal thickness change after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Fifty-four eyes of 54 patients who had posterior capsule opacification underwent Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. OCT of the foveal region was performed preoperatively and postoperatively (on days 1 and 7 and months 1, 3, 6, and 12). The preoperative and postoperative measurements were compared.

RESULTS:
The foveal thickness did not significantly change in the first year after laser treatment. Cystoid macular edema developed in only 1 patient (2%). Patient age and gender, time between surgery and laser capsulotomy, total laser shots, total laser energy, or mean laser energy per shot did not affect the foveal thickness.

CONCLUSION:
Foveal thickness does not change in the first year after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, as determined by OCT.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2010;41:67–71.]
The technical and physical preparation of basketball players
Authors: Koryahin Victor , Dutchak Myroslav , Iedynak Gennadii , Blavt Oksana , Galamandjuk Lesia , Cherepovska Elena 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe study aim was to analyse the technical and physical preparation of highly qualified basketball players, as well as to determine the level of development of their aerobic and anaerobic functions.MethodsWhen conducting laboratory examinations on a cycloergometer, for the purpose of determining the level of aerobic and anaerobic potential of basketball players, measurements of pulmonary ventilation, the level of oxygen consumption and the allocation of carbon dioxide, and the frequency of cardiac contractions were carried out.ResultsThe paper presents results concerning the technical and physical preparation level of highly qualified basketball players, as well as the level of development of their aerobic and anaerobic functions, taking into account play functions.ConclusionsThe results revealed a need to increase the efficiency of high-level players training system. It was also observed that, despite positive changes, the training system applied in basketball did not ensure sufficient impact upon the energy functions of highly qualified basketball players.
The accuracy of two equations for predicting maximal oxygen uptake on individualized ramp protocol
Authors: Aguiar Paula F. , Moriarty Terence A. , Baracho Wesley A. , Paula Fabricio De , Sampaio Pamela F.M. , Ottone Vinicius O. , Dias-Peixoto Marco F. , Rocha-Vieira Etel , Amorim Fabiano T. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeValid protocols use nomograms based on standardized stages to calculate maximal oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>max). Although the maximal ramp exercise protocol offers advantages over traditional protocols, it is not known if the non-standardized stages approach affects the accuracy to estimate VO<sub>2</sub>max. The study aims to examine the accuracy of 2 equations for predicting VO<sub>2</sub>max in a maximal ramp exercise test.MethodsOverall, 11 men (age: 26 ± 5 years, height: 178 ± 7 cm, weight: 77.6 ± 9.9 kg) underwent 3 sessions of a maximal ramp test on a motorized treadmill; the speed increments were equal but with 0, 3, and 6% grades. Expired gases were analysed with a portable metabolic system. The VO<sub>2</sub>max measured was set as the highest mean value observed from 7 consecutive breaths and it was predicted from 2 equations: American College Sports Medicine (ACSM) and Myers.ResultsVO<sub>2</sub>max predicted by ACSM equation (54.3 ± 6.7 mL • kg<sup>–1</sup> • min<sup>–1</sup>) was approximately 10 ± 10% higher and by Myers equation (30.6 ± 6.1 mL • kg<sup>–1</sup> • min<sup>–1</sup>) approximately 38 ± 11% lower than directly measured (49.6 ± 6.7 mL • kg<sup>–1</sup> • min<sup>–1</sup>, <i>p</i> <
0.05). Bland-Altman graphs indicate low and no agreement for ACSM and Myers equations, respectively. The calculated standard error of the estimates was 6.5 mL • kg<sup>–1</sup> • min<sup>–1</sup> for ACSM equation and 19.9 mL • kg<sup>–1</sup> • min<sup>–1</sup> for Myers equation.ConclusionsThe ACSM and Myers equations significantly over- and under-predict the VO<sub>2</sub>max of young adults, respectively. Although the former overestimated VO<sub>2</sub>max, we recommend its use with caution.
Attitudes toward physical education in Portuguese schools: Middle and high school students
Authors: Lima Ricardo Franco , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Vale Raul Fraguela 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to analyse possible determinants of Portuguese middle and high school students’ attitudes toward physical education (PE).MethodsThe total of 949 students (48.6% male, 51.4% female) aged 13.96 ± 1.96 years participated in the study. Out of these, 50.9% practised sports 2 or 3 times a week. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in 4 categories that explain 51.28% of the total variance: F1 (PE curriculum), F2 (PE teaching), F3 (practice conditions in PE), and F4 (PE benefits).ResultsThe t-test analysis (between-gender) revealed that males attributed significantly more meaning (a lower average corresponds to a greater value) than females to the PE curriculum (<i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>d</i> = 0.277), PE teaching (<i>p</i> = 0.019; <i>d</i> = 0.151), practice conditions in PE (<i>p</i> = 0.004; <i>d</i> = 0.189), and PE benefits (<i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>d</i> = 0.436). The variance between levels of practice outside school revealed higher meaning attributed by students who practiced sports in the variables of PE curriculum (<i>p</i> = 0.004; <i>d</i> = 0.205), PE teaching (<i>p</i> = 0.017; <i>d</i> = 0.168), and PE benefits (<i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>d</i> = 0.466).ConclusionsThe study results suggest that males ascribe more value to the general attributes of PE and that students who participate in sports value the meaning of PE more than those who do not.
Embodied Simulations of Pasts
Authors: Brædder Anne 
Published: January 2019

Building on theories from body phenomenology, new materialism and a theoretical concept of historical consciousness, this article argues that embodied simulations of pasts used in reenactment and living history in open-air museums make reenactors and living historians experience pasts as present and make the actors reflect on pasts. This is an argument for saying that historical consciousness has an embodied dimension that has not yet been explored in depth because most research about how ordinary people use pasts exposes how pasts on a reflexive level are present and usable to them. But what the research does not reveal, is how pasts are also physically present to people and that this process of materialization also has an effect on how people interpret, use and reflect on pasts. Two different kinds of reenactment done in Denmark are analysed and compared to build up the argument: World War II reenactors and volunteering living historians in different open-air museums communicating life and work in Denmark in the 19-20thcentury. Firstly, the material space they do their simulations of pasts in is analysed; Secondly, the things they use to simulate the pasts; Thirdly, their embodiments and their bodies’ movements, senses, habits and performances in their simulations of pasts. In conclusion, it is discussed how the reenactors and the living historians reflect on pasts in their embodied simulations of pasts.
KEYWORDSReenactment; Living History; World War II; Historical consciousness; Embodiment; Materiality
Definition differences and internal variability affect the simulated Arctic sea ice melt season
Authors: Smith Abigail , Jahn Alexandra 
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Satellite observations show that the Arctic sea ice melt season
is getting longer. This lengthening has important implications for the Arctic
Ocean's radiation budget, marine ecology and accessibility. Here we assess
how passive microwave satellite observations of the melt season can be used
for climate model evaluation. By using the Community Earth System Model Large
Ensemble (CESM LE), we evaluate the effect of multiple possible definitions
of melt onset, freeze onset and melt season length on comparisons with
passive microwave satellite data, while taking into account the impacts of
internal variability. We find that within the CESM LE, melt onset shows a
higher sensitivity to definition choices than freeze onset, while freeze
onset is more greatly impacted by internal variability. The CESM LE
accurately simulates that the trend in freeze onset largely drives the
observed pan-Arctic trend in melt season length. Under RCP8.5 forcing, the
CESM LE projects that freeze onset dates will continue to shift later,
leading to a pan-Arctic average melt season length of 7–9 months by the end
of the 21st century. However, none of the available model definitions produce
trends in the pan-Arctic melt season length as large as seen in passive
microwave observations. This suggests a model bias, which might be a factor
in the generally underestimated response of sea ice loss to global warming in
the CESM LE. Overall, our results show that the choice of model melt season
definition is highly dependent on the question posed, and none of the
definitions exactly match the physics underlying the passive microwave
observations.
Sharp Fano Resonance and Spectral Collapse in Stimuli‐Responsive Photonic Structures
Authors: An Soo‐Chan , Lee Eunsongyi , Lee Chang‐Hyun , Jeong Hoon Yeub , Kwon Taek‐Sun , Lee Jeong‐Hae , Jun Young Chul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStimuli‐responsive materials can sense environmental conditions and respond in predesigned ways. Such intelligent materials have a wide range of potential applications; however, they are usually limited to rather simple geometries. 3D printing is suitable for complex 3D objects with fine details. In particular, four‐dimensional (4D) printing of smart materials can be ideal for various stimuli‐responsive structures with highly enhanced functionalities. However, no studies on active, reconfigurable photonic structures in which external stimuli can induce a drastic response change have been reported. The 4D printing of stimuli‐responsive, Fano‐resonant structures that can exhibit sharp spectral resonances in an optimized lattice structure is demonstrated here. Specifically, shape memory polymers are employed and resonant microwave structures that undergo structural reconfiguration upon heating are demonstrated. When heated above the glass‐transition temperature, disordered lattices are transformed into a permanent, ordered lattice, resulting in a drastic change in their transmission spectrum. The origin of the sharp Fano resonance and spectral collapse is further elucidated using angle‐dependent transmission spectra. 4D printing could be a very interesting route for microwave active photonics. It can enable active reconfiguration without an electric power supply. It could therefore be useful in remote sensing applications such as long‐distance environmental monitoring.
Metasurface for Constructing a Stable High‐Q Plano‐Planar Open Cavity
Authors: Fu Jichao , Jin Yi , He Sailing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTraditional open cavities are constructed by planar or concave mirrors. A Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity is convenient to integrate and fabricate, but highly sensitive to the parallelism of the end mirrors. In contrast, a concave cavity is more stable and possesses a lower leaky rate, but the curved geometry brings inconvenience. Here, it is suggested that a planar meta‐cavity can simultaneously possess the advantages of both of the above open cavities by using a metasurface to create a planar meta‐mirror that mimics the behavior of a concave mirror. For demonstration, a microwave meta‐cavity is constructed, whose meta‐mirror consists of subwavelength ceramic blocks on a metal substrate. Compared to an FP cavity, the meta‐cavity is more robust against the alignment error of the end mirrors, and 15‐fold enhancement of the quality factor is observed numerically. Experimental results are in good agreement with the simulated results. The suggested method may be extended to work in high frequency ranges. This work would support the planarization and miniaturization of an open cavity and may also increase the functionality.
On the Influence of Rare Earth Dopants on Thermal Transport in Thermoelectric Bi2Te3 Compounds: An Ab Initio Perspective
Authors: Baranovskiy Andrei , Harush Mor , Amouyal Yaron 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA density functional theory (DFT) study of thermal transport properties of rare earth (RE) doped Bi2Te3 compounds (RE = Y, La, Eu, Gd, and Lu) is reported. The calculations reveal strong nonmonotonous concentration dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity (κL) with local minimum in the region of 2–3 at.% dopant concentration for all dopants in the series except Eu. This behavior is associated with the presence of impurity phonon modes in the frequency range of 0–2 THz. The low‐frequency parts of the phonon spectra vary substantially for different divalent and trivalent RE dopants, which results in different phonon scattering events for different dopants. The concentration dependence of κL correlates with both Grüneisen parameter (γ) and sound velocity (v). This provides us with a simple and powerful predictive tool assessing thermal transport in RE‐doped Bi2Te3 compounds.
An Interconnected Channel‐Like Framework as Host for Lithium Metal Composite Anodes
Authors: Wang Hansen , Lin Dingchang , Xie Jin , Liu Yayuan , Chen Hao , Li Yanbin , Xu Jinwei , Zhou Guangmin , Zhang Zewen , Pei Allen , Zhu Yangying , Liu Kai , Wang Kecheng , Cui Yi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLithium (Li) metal anodes have long been counted on to meet the increasing demand for high energy, high‐power rechargeable battery systems but they have been plagued by uncontrollable plating, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, and the resulting low Coulombic efficiency. These problems are even aggravated under commercial levels of current density and areal capacity testing conditions. In this work, the channel‐like structure of a carbonized eggplant (EP) as a stable “host” for Li metal melt infusion, is utilized. With further interphase modification of lithium fluoride (LiF), the as‐formed EP–LiF composite anode maintains ≈90% Li metal theoretical capacity and can successfully suppress dendrite growth and volume fluctuation during cycling. EP–LiF offers much improved symmetric cell and full‐cell cycling performance with lower and more stable overpotential under various areal capacity and elevated rate capability. Furthermore, carbonized EP serves as a light‐weight high‐performance current collector, achieving an average Coulombic efficiency ≈99.1% in ether‐based electrolytes with 2.2 mAh cm−2 cycling areal capacity. The natural structure of carbonized EP will inspire further artificial designs of electrode frameworks for both Li anode and sulfur cathodes, enabling promising candidates for next‐generation high‐energy density batteries.