bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of Antithrombotic Treatment in Rural Patients (>60 years) with Atrial Fibrillation in East China
Authors: Wei Yong , Xu Juan , Wu Haiqing , Zhou Genqing , Chen Songwen , Wang Caihong , Shen Yahong , Yang Shunhong , Wang Bin , He Zheng , Sun Jianping , Sun Weidong , Ouyang Ping , Liu Shaowen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe prevalence and antithrombotic treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Chinese rural population is not well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which antithrombotic treatment was prescribed for rural AF patients >60 years. We identified 828 AF patients from 36734 rural residents >60 years in Shanghai China. Our data indicated the overall prevalence rate of AF was 2.3% in rural population >60 years in East China and 38.9% of AF patients underwent antithrombotic therapy, including warfarin (5.9%), aspirin (29.6%), clopidogrel (2.9%) and aspirin combined with clopidogrel (0.5%). Of enrolled subjects, 98.4% had CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥1, 72.0% had HAS-BLED score <3 and 59.2% had CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥2 with HAS-BLED score <3. Missing early detection (34.9%), delay in seeking treatment for asymptomatic AF (25.5%) and doctors’s incomplete inform of AF-related risk of stroke to patients (21.7%) were three dominant causes for failing anticoagulant usage. In conclusion, most AF patients were with a high risk of thrombosis and a low risk of bleeding in China, but a large majority of them failed to take anticoagulants mainly for missing an early screening of AF and lack of awareness on AF for both patients and primary care physicians.
Energy‐efficient user association and cell sleeping strategy for multi‐tier ultra‐dense small cell networks
Authors: Sun Yang , Chang Yongyu 
Published: April 2018

In this letter, the authors formulate the energy‐efficient user association and cell sleeping optimisation problem which applies to the multi‐tier ultradense network scenarios as a complex 0–1 integer programming and propose an alternating iterative method to solve the problem via two low‐complexity sub‐problems. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can steadily reduce overall energy consumption compared with the existing strategies.
Morbidity and Mortality Following Total Hip Replacement in Dogs
Authors: Israel Sarah , Liska William 
Published: April 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to determine morbidity and mortality rates in dogs that had undergone a total hip replacement surgery with implantation of either a cemented or a cementless prosthesis (BioMedtrix LLC, Whippany, NJ).
Methods The survival time after surgery, the date of death and the cause of death were collated from an ongoing registry maintained on consecutive total hip replacement procedures by a single surgeon.
Results A review of the 1,864 dogs entered in the total hip replacement registry revealed 642 in which the date of death and cause of death were known. The mean life span of the dogs in this study was 11.3 years, with the longest being 17.1 years. The mean survival after total hip replacement was 4.66 years, with the longest being 16.1 years. Multiorgan system failure was more common than any single organ system failure. The most common pathophysiological process leading to death was neoplasia.
Clinical Significance Morbidity and mortality rates are helpful for surgeons to compare outcomes and to inform animal owners about anaesthesia and procedural risks when contemplating this surgery. This information can be used for a better understanding of expectations for a dog's health after total hip replacement surgery.
Surgical Site Infection Rate after Hemilaminectomy and Laminectomy in Dogs without Perioperative Antibiotic Therapy
Authors: Schmökel Hugo , Dyall Barbara 
Published: April 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the surgical site infection (SSI) rate in dogs undergoing laminectomies without perioperative antibiotics, and compare those data with the expected infection rate for clean surgical wounds in dogs undergoing similar procedures.
Methods This was a retrospective single-centre study composed of dogs that underwent hemilaminectomies or laminectomies for thoracolumbar disc herniation or lumbosacral disease during a 2-year period (during 2015 and 2016). All incisional complications within 30 days were recorded and divided into superficial, deep or organ/space infections. Those dogs that received perioperative or postoperative antibiotics due to non-related comorbidities and those with incomplete medical records during the study period were excluded.
Results Of 221 consecutive hemilaminectomy and laminectomy procedures, 154 were included in this research study. One superficial wound infection was recorded and treated with antimicrobials. Overall, the SSI rate was 0.6%, while the expected SSI rate in clean operative wounds in dogs and cats is 2.0 to 4.8%. The SSI rate in human spinal surgery is 0.7 to 4.3%.
Clinical Significance Considering the low incidence of SSI in our study group, the routine use of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in dogs undergoing laminectomy procedures should be reconsidered to help address the global problem of bacterial resistance.
Tissue Factor Coagulant Activity is Regulated by the Plasma Membrane Microenvironment
Authors: Yu Yuanjie , Böing Anita , Hau Chi , Hajji Najat , Ruf Wolfram , Sturk Auguste , Nieuwland Rienk 
Published: April 2018

Background Tissue factor (TF) can be present in a non-coagulant and coagulant form. Whether the coagulant activity is affected by the plasma membrane microenvironment is unexplored.
Objective This article studies the presence and coagulant activity of human TF in plasma membrane micro-domains.
Methods Plasma membranes were isolated from human MIA PaCa2 cells, MDA-MB-231 cells and human vascular smooth muscle cells by Percoll gradient ultracentrifugation after cell disruption. Plasma membranes were fractionated by OptiPrep gradient ultracentrifugation, and the presence of TF, flotillin, caveolin, clathrin, protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), TF pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and phosphatidylserine (PS) were determined.
Results Plasma membranes contain two detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) compartments differing in density and biochemical composition. High-density DRMs (DRM-H) have a density (ρ) of 1.15 to 1.20 g/mL and contain clathrin, whereas low-density DRMs (DRM-L) have a density between 1.09 and 1.13 g/mL and do not contain clathrin. Both DRMs contain TF, flotillin and caveolin. PDI is detectable in DRM-H, TFPI is not detectable in either DMR-H or DRM-L and PS is detectable in DRM-L. The DRM-H-associated TF (> 95% of the TF antigen) lacks detectable coagulant activity, whereas the DRM-L-associated TF triggers coagulation. This coagulant activity is inhibited by lactadherin and thus PS-dependent, but seemed insensitive to 16F16, an inhibitor of PDI.
Conclusion Non-coagulant and coagulant TF are present within different types of DRMs in the plasma membrane, and the composition of these DRMs may affect the TF coagulant activity.
Duration of Spontaneous Active Labor and Perinatal Outcomes Using Contemporary Labor Curves
Authors: Hoppe Kara , Schiff Melissa , Benedetti Thomas , Delaney Shani 
Published: April 2018

Objective Evaluate the association between spontaneous active labor duration utilizing contemporary labor curves and risk of adverse outcomes.
Materials and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study from January 2012 to January 2015. Subjects were nulliparous, 18 to 44 years, with a cephalic, singleton ≥37 weeks in spontaneous labor. Subjects were placed into three subgroups, defined by active labor duration from 6 to 10 cm as less than the median, the median-95th, and >95th percentile based on contemporary labor curves published by Zhang et al. We evaluated the association between subgroups and cesarean delivery, chorioamnionitis, estimated blood loss, Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes, and neonatal intensive care unit admission using logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results Six-hundred forty two women met the inclusion criteria. Compared with women whose active labor was less than the median, the risk of cesarean was higher in the median-95th percentile ([adjusted OR, aOR] 3.1, 95% CI 1.8–5.5) and the >95th percentile ([aOR] 6.8, 95% CI 3.9–11.7) subgroups. There was an increased odds of chorioamnionitis in the median-95th percentile subgroup ([aOR] 2.5, 95% CI 1.1–5.9).
Conclusion Chorioamnionitis and cesarean delivery increased significantly as labor duration exceeded the median. This study provides a better understanding regarding the potential risk of cesarean and chorioamnionitis using contemporary labor curves.
A curcumin-diglutaric acid conjugated prodrug with improved water solubility and antinociceptive properties compared to curcumin
Authors: Muangnoi Chawanphat , Jithavech Ponsiree , Ratnatilaka Na Bhuket Pahweenvaj , Supasena Wiwat , Wichitnithad Wisut , Towiwat Pasarapa , Niwattisaiwong Nuansri , Haworth Ian S , Rojsitthisak Pornchai 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
In this work, a curcumin-diglutaric acid (CurDG) prodrug was synthesized by conjugation of curcumin with glutaric acid via an ester linkage. The water solubility, partition coefficient, release characteristics, and antinociceptive activity of CurDG were compared to those of curcumin. The aqueous solubility of CurDG (7.48 μg/mL) is significantly greater than that of curcumin (0.068 μg/mL). A study in human plasma showed that the CurDG completely releases curcumin within 2 h, suggesting the ability of CurDG to serve as a prodrug of curcumin. A hot plate test in mice showed the highest antinociceptive effect dose of curcumin at 200 mg/kg p.o., whereas CurDG showed the same effect at an effective dose of 100 mg/kg p.o., indicating that CurDG significantly enhanced the antinociceptive effect compared to curcumin. The enhanced antinociceptive effect of CurDG may be due to improved water solubility and increased oral bioavailability compared to curcumin.
Improving draft genome contiguity with reference-derived in silico mate-pair libraries
Authors: Grau José Horacio , Hackl Thomas , Koepfli Klaus-Peter , Hofreiter Michael 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Contiguous genome assemblies are a highly valued biological resource because of the higher number of completely annotated genes and genomic elements that are usable compared to fragmented draft genomes. Nonetheless, contiguity is difficult to obtain if only low coverage data and/or only distantly related reference genome assemblies are available.

Findings
In order to improve genome contiguity, we have developed Cross-Species Scaffolding—a new pipeline that imports long-range distance information directly into the de novo assembly process by constructing mate-pair libraries in silico.

Conclusions
We show how genome assembly metrics and gene prediction dramatically improve with our pipeline by assembling two primate genomes solely based on ~30x coverage of shotgun sequencing data.
The host galaxy of the γ-ray-emitting narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy PKS 1502+036
Authors: D’Ammando F , Acosta-Pulido J A , Capetti A , Baldi R D , Orienti M , Raiteri C M , Ramos Almeida C 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe detection of γ-ray emission from narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLSy1) has challenged the idea that large black hole (BH) masses (≥108 M⊙) are needed to launch relativistic jets. We present near-infrared imaging data of the γ-ray-emitting NLSy1 PKS 1502+036 obtained with the Very Large Telescope. Its surface brightness profile, extending to ∼20 kpc, is well described by the combination of a nuclear component and a bulge with a Sérsic index n = 3.5, which is indicative of an elliptical galaxy. A circumnuclear structure observed near PKS 1502+036 may be the result of galaxy interactions. A BH mass of ∼7 × 108 M⊙ has been estimated by the bulge luminosity. The presence of an additional faint disc component cannot be ruled out with the present data, but this would reduce the BH mass estimate by only ∼30 per cent. These results, together with analogous findings obtained for FBQS J1644+2619, indicate that the relativistic jets in γ-ray-emitting NLSy1 are likely produced by massive black holes at the centre of elliptical galaxies.
Generalizability of Competency Assessment Scores Across and Within Clerkships: How Students, Assessors, and Clerkships Matter
Authors: Zaidi Nikki L. Bibler , Kreiter Clarence D. , Castaneda Peris R. , Schiller Jocelyn H. , Yang Jun , Grum Cyril M. , Hammoud Maya M. , Gruppen Larry D. , Santen Sally A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Many factors influence the reliable assessment of medical students’ competencies in the clerkships. The purpose of this study was to determine how many clerkship competency assessment scores were necessary to achieve an acceptable threshold of reliability.

Method
Clerkship student assessment data were collected during the 2015–2016 academic year as part of the medical school assessment program at the University of Michigan Medical School. Faculty and residents assigned competency assessment scores for third-year core clerkship students. Generalizability (G) and decision (D) studies were conducted using balanced, stratified, and random samples to examine the extent to which overall assessment scores could reliably differentiate between students’ competency levels both within and across clerkships.

Results
In the across-clerkship model, the residual error accounted for the largest proportion of variance (75%), whereas the variance attributed to the student and student–clerkship effects was much smaller (7% and 10.1%, respectively). D studies indicated that generalizability estimates for eight assessors within a clerkship varied across clerkships (G coefficients range = 0.000–0.795). Within clerkships, the number of assessors needed for optimal reliability varied from 4 to 17.

Conclusions
Minimal reliability was found in competency assessment scores for half of clerkships. The variability in reliability estimates across clerkships may be attributable to differences in scoring processes and assessor training. Other medical schools face similar variation in assessments of clerkship students; therefore, the authors hope this study will serve as a model for other institutions that wish to examine the reliability of their clerkship assessment scores.
CNV Neurons Are Rare in Aged Human Neocortex
Authors: Chronister William D. , Wierman Margaret B. , Burbulis Ian E. , Wolpert Matthew J. , Haakenson Mark F. , Kleinman Joel E. , Hyde Thomas , Weinberger Daniel R. , Bekiranov Stefan , McConnell Michael J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMegabase-scale somatic copy number variants (CNVs) alter allelic diversity in a subset of human neocortical neurons. Reported frequencies of CNV neurons range from ∼5% of neurons in some individuals to greater than 30% in other individuals. Genome-wide and familial studies implicitly assume a constant brain genome when assessing the genetic risk architecture of neurological disease, thus it is critical to determine whether divergent reports of CNV neuron frequency reflect normal individual variation or technical differences between approaches. We generated a new dataset of over 800 human neurons from 5 neurotypical individuals and developed a computational approach that measures single cell library quality based on Bayesian Information Criterion and identifies integer-like variant segments from population-level statistics. A brain CNV atlas was assembled using our new dataset and published data from 10 additional neurotypical individuals. This atlas reveals that the frequency of neocortical CNV neurons varies widely among individuals, but that this variability is not readily accounted for by tissue quality or CNV detection approach. Rather, the age of the individual is anti-correlated with CNV neuron frequency. Fewer CNV neurons are observed in aged individuals than young individuals.
Motor cortical inactivation reduces the gain of kinematic primitives in mice performing a hold-still center-out reach task
Authors: Bollu Tejapratap , Whitehead Samuel C. , Prasad Nikil , Walker Jackson , Shyamkumar Nitin , Subramaniam Raghav , Kardon Brian , Cohen Itai , Goldberg Jesse Heymann 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYMotor sequences are constructed from primitives, hypothesized building blocks of movement, but mechanisms of primitive generation remain unclear. Using automated homecage training and a novel forelimb sensor, we trained freely-moving mice to initiate forelimb sequences with clearly resolved submillimeter-scale micromovements followed by millimeter-scale reaches to learned spatial targets. Hundreds of thousands of trajectories were decomposed into millions of kinematic primitives, while closed-loop photoinhibition was used to test roles of motor cortical areas. Inactivation of contralateral motor cortex reduced primitive peak speed but, surprisingly, did not substantially affect primitive direction, initiation, termination, or complexity, resulting in isomorphic, spatially contracted trajectories that undershot targets. Our findings demonstrate separable loss of a single kinematic parameter, speed, and identify conditions where loss of cortical drive reduces the gain of motor primitives but does not affect their generation, timing or direction. The combination of high precision forelimb sensing with automated training and neural manipulation provides a system for studying how motor sequences are constructed from elemental building blocks.
Genomic SEM Provides Insights into the Multivariate Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits
Authors: Grotzinger Andrew D. , Rhemtulla Mijke , de Vlaming Ronald , Ritchie Stuart J. , Mallard Travis T. , Hill W. David , Ip Hill F. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Deary Ian J. , Koellinger Philipp D. , Harden K. Paige , Nivard Michel G. , Tucker-Drob Elliot M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMethods for using GWAS to estimate genetic correlations between pairwise combinations of traits have produced “atlases” of genetic architecture. Genetic atlases reveal pervasive pleiotropy, and genome-wide significant loci are often shared across different phenotypes. We introduce genomic structural equation modeling (Genomic SEM), a multivariate method for analyzing the joint genetic architectures of complex traits. Using formal methods for modeling covariance structure, Genomic SEM synthesizes genetic correlations and SNP-heritabilities inferred from GWAS summary statistics of individual traits from samples with varying and unknown degrees of overlap. Genomic SEM can be used to identify variants with effects on general dimensions of cross-trait liability, boost power for discovery, and calculate more predictive polygenic scores. Finally, Genomic SEM can be used to identify loci that cause divergence between traits, aiding the search for what uniquely differentiates highly correlated phenotypes. We demonstrate several applications of Genomic SEM, including a joint analysis of GWAS summary statistics from five genetically correlated psychiatric traits. We identify 27 independent SNPs not previously identified in the univariate GWASs, 5 of which have been reported in other published GWASs of the included traits. Polygenic scores derived from Genomic SEM consistently outperform polygenic scores derived from GWASs of the individual traits. Genomic SEM is flexible, open ended, and allows for continuous innovations in how multivariate genetic architecture is modeled.
Intratumoral MAPK and PI3K signaling pathway heterogeneity in glioblastoma tissue correlates with selective CREB signaling and specific functional gene signatures
Authors: Daniel Paul M. , Filiz Gulay , Tymms Martin J. , Ramsay Robert G. , Kaye Andrew H. , Stylli Stanley S. , Mantamadiotis Theo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLimitations in discovering useful tumor biomarkers and drug targets is not only due to patient-to-patient differences but also due to intratumoral heterogeneity. Heterogeneity arises due to the genetic and epigenetic variation of tumor cells in response to microenvironmental interactions and cytotoxic therapy. We explored specific signaling pathway activation in glioblastoma (GBM) by investigating the intratumoral activation of the MAPK and PI3K pathways. We present data demonstrating a striking preponderance for mutual exclusivity of MAPK and PI3K activation in GBM tissue, where MAPK activation correlates with proliferation and transcription factor CREB activation and PI3K activation correlates with CD44 expression. Bioinformatic analysis of signaling and CREB-regulated target genes supports the immunohistochemical data, showing that the MAPK-CREB activation correlates with proliferative regions. In-silico analysis suggests that MAPK-CREB signaling activates a pro-inflammatory molecular signature and correlates with a mesenchymal GBM subtype profile, while PI3K-CREB activation correlates with the proneural GBM subtype and a tumor cell invasive gene signature. Overall, the data suggests the existence of intratumoral subtype heterogeneity in GBM and that using combinations of both MAPK and PI3K drug inhibitors is necessary for effective targeted therapy.
Determining the Quantitative Principles of T Cell Response to Antigenic Disparity: The Case of Stem Cell Transplant Donor-Recipient Exome Wide Mismatching and HLA Bound Alloreactive Peptides
Authors: Salman Ali , Koparde Vishal , Hall Charles , Jameson-Lee Max , Roberts Catherine , Serrano Myrna , AbdulRazzaq Badar , Manjili Masoud , Wijesinghe Dayanjan , Hashmi Shahrukh , Buck Greg , Qayyum Rehan , Neale Michael , Reed Jason , Toor Amir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlloreactivity compromising clinical outcomes in stem cell transplantation is observed despite HLA matching of donors and recipients. This has its origin in the variation between the exomes of the two, which provides the basis for minor histocompatibility antigens (mHA). The mHA presented on the HLA class I and II molecules and the ensuing T cell response to these antigens results in graft versus host disease. In this paper, results of a whole exome sequencing study are presented, with resulting alloreactive polymorphic peptides and their HLA class I and HLA class II (DRB1) binding affinity quantified. Large libraries of potentially alloreactive recipient peptides binding both sets of molecules were identified, with HLA-DRB1 presenting an order of magnitude greater number of peptides. These results are used to develop a quantitative framework to understand the immunobiology of transplantation. A tensor-based approach is used to derive the equations needed to determine the alloreactive donor T cell response from the mHA-HLA binding affinity and protein expression data. This approach may be used in future studies to simulate the magnitude of expected donor T cell response and risk for alloreactive complications in HLA matched or mismatched hematopoietic cell and solid organ transplantation.