bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restoration treatments enhance tree growth and alter climatic constraints during extreme drought
Authors: Rodman Kyle C. , Bradford John B. , Formanack Alicia M. , Fulé Peter Z. , Huffman David W. , Kolb Thomas E. , Miller‐ter Kuile Ana T. , Normandin Donald P. , Ogle Kiona , Pedersen Rory J. , Schlaepfer Daniel R. , Stoddard Michael T. , Waltz Amy E. M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe frequency and severity of drought events are predicted to increase due to anthropogenic climate change, with cascading effects across forested ecosystems. Management activities such as forest thinning and prescribed burning, which are often intended to mitigate fire hazard and restore ecosystem processes, may also help promote tree resistance to drought. However, it is unclear whether these treatments remain effective during the most severe drought conditions or whether their impacts differ across environmental gradients. We used tree‐ring data from a system of replicated, long‐term (>20 years) experiments in the southwestern United States to evaluate the effects of forest restoration treatments (i.e., evidence‐based thinning and burning) on annual growth rates (i.e., basal area increment; BAI) of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), a broadly distributed and heavily managed species in western North America. The study sites were established at the onset of the most extreme drought event in at least 1200 years and span much of the climatic niche of Rocky Mountain ponderosa pine. Across sites, tree‐level BAI increased due to treatment, where trees in treated units grew 133.1% faster than trees in paired, untreated units. Likewise, trees in treated units grew an average of 85.6% faster than their pre‐treatment baseline levels (1985 to ca. 2000), despite warm, dry conditions in the post‐treatment period (ca. 2000–2018). Variation in the local competitive environment promoted variation in BAI, and larger trees were the fastest‐growing individuals, irrespective of treatment. Tree thinning and prescribed fire altered the climatic constraints on growth, decreasing the effects of belowground moisture availability and increasing the effects of atmospheric evaporative demand over multi‐year timescales. Our results illustrate that restoration treatments can enhance tree‐level growth across sites spanning ponderosa pine's climatic niche, even during recent, extreme drought events. However, shifting climatic constraints, combined with predicted increases in evaporative demand in the southwestern United States, suggest that the beneficial effects of such treatments on tree growth may wane over the upcoming decades.
Food‐web dynamics of a floodplain mosaic overshadow the effects of engineered logjams for Pacific salmon and steelhead
Authors: Paris James C. , Baxter Colden V. , Bellmore J. Ryan , Benjamin Joseph R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFood webs vary in space and time. The structure and spatial arrangement of food webs are theorized to mediate temporal dynamics of energy flow, but empirical corroboration in intermediate‐scale landscapes is scarce. River‐floodplain landscapes encompass a mosaic of aquatic habitat patches and food webs, supporting a variety of aquatic consumers of conservation concern. How the structure and productivity of these patch‐scale food webs change through time, and how floodplain restoration influences their dynamics, are unevaluated. We measured productivity and food‐web dynamics across a mosaic of main‐channel and side‐channel habitats of the Methow River, WA, USA, during two study years (2009–2010; 2015–2016) and examined how food webs that sustained juvenile anadromous salmonids responded to habitat manipulation. By quantifying temporal variation in secondary production and organic matter flow across nontreated river‐floodplain habitats and comparing that variation to a side channel treated with engineered logjams, we jointly confronted spatial food‐web theory and assessed whether food‐web dynamics in the treated side channel exceeded natural variation exhibited in nontreated habitats. We observed that organic matter flow through the more complex, main‐channel food web was similar between study years, whereas organic matter flow through the simpler, side‐channel food webs changed up to ~4‐fold. In the side channel treated with engineered logjams, production of benthic invertebrates and juvenile salmonids increased between study years by 2× and 4×, respectively; however, these changes did not surpass the temporal variation observed in untreated habitats. For instance, juvenile salmonid production rose 17‐fold in one untreated side‐channel habitat, and natural aggregation of large wood in another coincided with a shift to community and food‐web dominance by juvenile salmonids. Our findings suggest that interannual dynamism in material flux across floodplain habitat mosaics is interrelated with patchiness in food‐web complexity and may overshadow the ecological responses to localized river restoration. Although this dynamism may inhibit detection of the ecological effects of river restoration, it may also act to stabilize aquatic ecosystems and buffer salmon and other species of conservation concern in the long term. As such, natural, landscape‐level patchiness and dynamism in food webs should be integrated into conceptual foundations of process‐based, river restoration.
Dryland fungi are spatially heterogeneous and resistant to global change drivers
Authors: Lopez Andrea , Anthony Mark , Catalan‐Dibene Jovani , Ferrenberg Scott , Jordan Samuel E. , Osborne Brooke , Reed Sasha , Romero‐Olivares Adriana L. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFungi are considered particularly important in regulating the structure and function of dryland ecosystems, yet the response of dryland fungal communities to global change remains notably understudied. Without a clear understanding of how fungi respond to global change drivers, mitigation plans—required for biodiversity and ecosystem service conservation and restoration—are impossible to develop. In this study, we asked the following: (1) How does the fungal community respond to the individual and interactive effects of physical disturbance and drought in a heterogeneous dryland landscape comprised of drought‐adapted shrubs separated by adjacent open areas of soil? (2) What are the larger scale impacts of this response? We assessed fungal communities (using fungal‐specific DNA metabarcoding analyses) of surface soil samples in an in situ global change experiment that included disturbance and drought in a full factorial design in the northern extent of the Chihuahuan Desert. We found that the fungal community was spatially heterogenous and remarkably resistant to disturbance and drought. We also show that dryland soils harbor high shares of facultative pathogenic and obligately pathogenic fungal taxa, with several concerning taxa reaching high relative abundances under drought. Our results suggest that the fungal community is highly influenced by microclimatic conditions associated with the presence or absence of vegetation. Moreover, our results imply that the fungal community in our experiment was already adapted to the magnitude of stress imposed by two years of experimental disturbance and drought treatments. Overall, our study shows that the fungal community is spatially heterogeneous and resistant to global change drivers and houses many fungal species known for being stress tolerant and pathogenic.
Reconstruction of Araucaria araucana cone production reveals warming intensifies regionally synchronized masting
Authors: Hacket‐Pain Andrew , Roig Fidel A. , Ascoli Davide , LeQuesne Carlos , Hadad Martin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe reproduction of many long‐lived plants is highly variable and synchronized, known as masting. Masting is a key driver of plant regeneration dynamics and has cascading effects on food webs and carbon and nutrient fluxes through ecosystems. Masting patterns can respond to changes in climate, but natural long‐term variability in masting behavior (i.e., baseline variability) is poorly understood. Here we use tree‐rings to create a four‐century reconstruction of annual cone production to uncover centennial‐scale evolution in masting of Araucaria araucana, a dioecious masting species in South America. Over the last four decades, direct observations of annual cone production in this species revealed remarkable range‐wide synchrony of masting. Our tree‐ring‐based reconstruction places this in a long‐term context, revealing that intense regional masting is not a consistent feature of A. araucana reproduction. For extensive periods over the last four centuries, masting has been a site‐specific phenomenon, with variability in cone production that was not regionally synchronized. Comparison with regional climate reconstructions indicates that regional synchrony of masting varies with regional temperature trends, including during recent decades. During warmer periods, synchrony is enhanced, and during cooler periods, regional synchrony breaks down. These dynamics have implications for understanding the reproduction of this iconic and endangered tree species and provide evidence of long‐term linkages between climate change and masting behavior. Our study demonstrates the potential for novel tree‐ring‐based reconstructions of masting to reveal crucial insights into baseline variability and the response of masting to climate change.
Ebbs and Flows of Marine Biodiversity: Navigating Spatiotemporal Patterns of Environmental DNA in a Coastal Tidal Ecosystem
Authors: Scriver Michelle , von Ammon Ulla , Pochon Xavier , Zirngibl Martin , Audrezet Francois , Leonard Kaeden , Pedersen Kylie , Bamford Nick , Tahere Ngairo , Stanton Jo‐Ann L. , Gemmell Neil J. , Zaiko Anastasija 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) offers an efficient approach to biodiversity monitoring and biosecurity surveillance in coastal ecosystems. Understanding eDNA dynamics in tidal areas is critical for guiding sampling strategy design and interpreting molecular detection results. In a field study conducted at Ōpua, Bay of Islands, Aotearoa, New Zealand, an international marina with a dynamic coastal environment, we investigated eDNA detection patterns across a local spatial and temporal gradient. Hourly samples were collected from six sampling stations around the marina, from artificial shore structures and a channel, over a 12‐h tidal cycle. Detected eukaryotic communities were assessed using eDNA metabarcoding analysis of the small‐subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) genes. This core community was screened for marine nonindigenous species (NIS) using an online metabarcoding data screening app (ExPAT). Community composition varied significantly based on sampling location and time, with most of the core community captured around mid‐tide. The NIS community exhibited inconsistent detection for some species (e.g., the amphipod Monocorophium acherusicum) across space and time, whereas other NIS (e.g., the mussel Arcuatula senhousia) were consistently detected and behaved similar to the core community. Overall, species‐specific eDNA detection patterns may be linked to the biology and movement of the organism. The results indicated slightly higher NIS detection from artificial structures at the shore stations and within 2 h of low tide. For marine biosecurity applications, users may want to prioritize sampling near‐shore during low tide, while samples collected during mid‐tide may provide more comprehensive insights into the core community for biomonitoring. Further field studies across multiple tidal cycles and marinas may guide the standardization of molecular biomonitoring and biosurveillance sampling strategies and support their broader integration into marine biosecurity programs.
Magnetohydrodynamic Effects on Double Diffusion of Non‐Newtonian Hybrid Nanofluid in Circular Eccentric Annuli
Authors: Supti Israt Jahan , Molla Md. Mamun , Nag Preetom , Siddiqa Sadia , Souai Souhail 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe numerical investigation conducted in this study focuses on the heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamic non‐Newtonian power‐law fluid flow of temperature‐dependent Al2O3–Fe3O4–water hybrid nanofluid within cylindrical annuli across four different eccentricities. This type of problem finds widespread application in various engineering contexts, where hybrid non‐Newtonian fluids offer enhanced efficiency for cooling and insulation purposes. In this configuration, the inner circle of the geometry is hot while the outer circle is cold, with the nanofluid filling the space between the cylinders. The governing equations are simulated using the Galerkin weighted residual finite element method. Various parameters are controlled in the study, including the Rayleigh number ranging from to , power‐law index ranging from to , nanoparticle volume fraction ranging from to , Hartmann number ranging from to , Buoyancy ratio ranging from to , and Lewis number ranging from to , in addition to the fixed Prandtl number (6.8377). The study presents visualizations such as streamlines, isotherms, and iso‐concentration contours, along with the assessment of heat and mass transfer rates expressed in terms of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. The findings reveal that the heat transfer rate increases with higher nanoparticle volume fraction, Rayleigh number, and Buoyancy ratio. Similarly, the mass transfer rate is enhanced with increased Rayleigh number, Lewis number, and power‐law index. Notably, elevating the power‐law index leads to a decrease of 50.1% in the local Nusselt number and 52.4% in the local Sherwood number, respectively. With and , increasing from to raises and .
Enhanced prediction of Cs removal by CST from Hanford tank waste with K accountability
Authors: Westesen Amy , Campbell Emily , Peterson Reid 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe treatment of Hanford tank waste is one of the most challenging environmental cleanup activities to date. To expedite the processing of liquid waste stored in underground tanks in Washington State it is necessary to remove the significant dose contributor, 137Cs. Crystalline silicotitanate ion exchanger is currently used to remove 137Cs from the aqueous phase of Hanford tank wastes in preparation for vitrification at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Improving the understanding of potassium impacts on ion exchange behavior of Cs will help in the operation of a critical component of one of the most complex treatment processes in the world today. Optimization of this process can result in significant cost savings and less waste production. Toward this effort, a series of batch contact tests varied in potassium concentration were conducted to look at the impact of potassium concentration on Cs distribution. Experimental distribution ratios (Kd) were compared to the distribution ratios predicted using the ZAM model. A significant underprediction of Cs capacity in the presence of potassium was seen with the existing model. A revision of the equilibrium constants was determined and provided a statistically better fit for determining the Cs Kd values in tank waste matrices.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Slippage Effect and Injection Capacity With Hydrophobic Nanoparticles Adsorption
Authors: Zhang Dong , Ye Yuze , Zhou Runnan , Ye Peng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWith the continuous exploitation of global oil and gas resources, the focus of oilfield development has gradually shifted to low‐permeability and tight reservoirs. Nowadays the nanofluid has become one of the most important methods to enhance oil recovery in low‐permeability reservoir since the wettability and fluid flow characteristics can be changed as hydrophobic nanoparticles are adsorbed on the surface. In this study, we focus on the fluid slip characteristics feature of nanoparticles adsorbed with different adsorption degrees through molecular dynamics methods. Our results show that the adsorption of hydrophobic nanoparticles on the wall induces a velocity slip effect. The fluid flows in a Cassie state in the micro‐channel, with a significant increase in density, velocity, and slip length. In addition, the velocity in the mainstream area is significantly greater than that near the wall. The fluid flow rate within the pore channel is maximized and the most optimal adsorption degree is around 65.08%. Meanwhile, this study provides not only of great significance for the microscopic mechanism of pressure reduction and injection enhancement technology by nanoparticles adsorbed, but also an efficient method in enhance oil recovery in low‐permeability oil reservoirs.
Utilizing geospatial tools for the assessment of river bank erosion and migration patterns in complex braided and meandering river systems
Authors: Chyne Bajitborlang L. , Das Ranjit , Sarmah Ranadeep , Saha Asish , Sarma Kamini K. , Aggarwal Shiv P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBank erosion along the Brahmaputra has serious environmental and socio‐economic implications for the state of Assam, India. The lack of high‐resolution satellite images to map erosion and deposition is one of the primary drawbacks of previous studies. This study investigates river bank erosion, deposition and migration of river banks during 2016–2022 using high‐resolution Sentinel 2A/2B imagery. Multi‐temporal post‐monsoon images were analysed for three subperiods (2016–2018, 2018–2020 and 2020–2022) to automatically extract river banklines and morphodynamics using the normalized difference water index (NDWI) in Google Earth Engine (GEE). The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was employed to calculate the bankline migration rate. The study shows that the left bank of the Brahmaputra river experienced higher erosion and migration as compared to the right bank. The subperiod 2018–2020 revealed severe bank erosion and migration, potentially associated with intense flood events in 2020. Zone‐wise analysis indicated that the left bank of Zone 1 experienced higher net erosion (8440 ha) and migration (−28.76 m/year). This may be attributed to scouring caused by the impact of flood water as it enters Assam with high erosive velocity. Similarly, Zone 3 of the right bank also experienced higher net erosion (7640 ha) and migration (−24.38 m/year). The accuracy assessment shows that there is almost a perfect agreement between the erosion/deposition and the reference data, with mean migrations within the confidence interval of 5% significance level. Given the above findings on erosion and bank migration, protective measures like agronomical and engineering measures should be implemented to protect the banks from getting eroded. This analysis provides valuable inputs for decision‐makers in formulating targeted strategies to address the challenges posed by river bank erosion in the Brahmaputra river.
The Scenario Quality Assessment Method: A New Technique for Verifying the Quality of Scenarios
Authors: Curnin Steven , Brooks Oliver , Brooks Benjamin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn a modern world faced by increasing uncertainty and crises, the importance of scenarios to inform the strategic decision‐making processes of governments and corporations has become paramount. This necessitates that those scenarios are rigorous and of high quality. A challenge is that research articulating how to classify and ensure the quality of a scenario is not prolific. This paper addresses this challenge by developing a framework of criteria for assessing scenario quality based on the futures and foresight literature and then using this to offer a new method for specifically assessing the quality of scenarios in the context of crisis management. The Scenario Quality Assessment Method infuses both the critical thinking and creativity required to develop quality scenarios. The method was empirically verified with scholars and practitioners in the industry to determine inter‐rater reliability before its intended use in the analysis of a data set for a scenario planning research project in the context of crisis management. This paper contributes theoretically to future and foresight research by including the concept of creativity when assessing the quality of scenarios and offers practitioners in crisis management an effective technique to assess the quality of their own scenarios.
Advances in Magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) Sulphide Deposits and Their Constraints on Neoproterozoic Tectonic Settings of China
Authors: Yu Huidong , Chen Haoran , Cao Huawen , Said Nuru , Huang Changcheng , Ma Zihan , Xiao Bin , Chen Haifeng , Zou Hao 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMagmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulphide deposits are the primary global sources of nickel, copper and platinum group elements (PGE). The study of these deposits is critical for mineral exploration and holds important economic implications. This paper reviews recent advances in understanding magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulphide deposits and their related magmatism. Findings reveal that these deposits have an uneven global distribution and a wide range of classifications. The Proterozoic era represents the main period of mineralisation, and the mineralisation setting is closely related to continental rifts, mantle plumes and collision orogenic belts. An ongoing debate exists between the ‘magma conduit’ and ‘deep‐multiple magma chamber segregation’ models, which differ in mineralisation location, magma intrusion mechanisms and the role of external sulphur addition. The primary mechanisms of sulphide segregation include rapid cooling, crystal differentiation and crustal contamination. Furthermore, this paper examines the spatial–temporal distribution and mineralisation dynamic settings of Neoproterozoic magmatic Ni–Cu–(PGE) sulphide deposits in China and their relationship to the convergence and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. These Neoproterozoic deposits are located along the margins of the Yangtze, North China and Tarim blocks. They formed in five different stages, 1000–960, 900–850, 830–800, 760–740 and 650–620 Ma, corresponding to the following tectonic settings, respectively: (1) a back‐arc extensional setting before the convergence of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks; (2) a post‐orogenic extensional setting following the convergence between the Yangtze and North China blocks; (3) a rift setting related to the first Neoproterozoic mantle plume event (830–795 Ma) within the Yangtze Block or North China Block; (4) a rift setting related to the second Neoproterozoic mantle plume event (780–745 Ma) within the Tarim Block and (5) an intraplate rift setting within the Yangtze Block. The evolving mineralisation dynamic settings of these deposits indicate that their mineralisation is directly related to large‐scale mafic–ultramafic magmatism during the Neoproterozoic and the convergence and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent.