bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Use of 1D and 2D 1H NMR to Examine the Glycosylation of Scopoletin in Duboisia myoporoides Cell Suspensions
Authors: Fliniaux Ophélie , Roscher Albrecht , Cailleu Dominique , Mesnard François 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCell suspensions initiated from Duboisia myoporoides–a shrub belonging to the Solanaceae family and being a rich source of tropane alkaloids–previously showed their ability to glycosylate scopoletin into scopolin, which represent coumarins showing health benefits. To investigate the time course of this glycosylation reaction, an in vivo NMR approach was developed using a perfusion system in an 8-mm NMR tube and 1H NMR with 1D and 2D (TOCSY and NOESY) experiments. The time course of metabolic changes could therefore be followed without any labeling.
Skin Development in H. huso Larvae
Authors: Fazel Shooraki H. , Saadatfar Z. , Shahsavani D. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction Fish skin is important for life and protection mechanisms. Sturgeon skin also has an economical potential for its leather.
Materials and Methods This article is a light microscopy study for knowledge the development of epidermis and dermis in one species of sturgeon (Huso. huso). The fishes from different days of week-1 to week-6 were caught from Shahid Marjani propagation center and were processed.
Results From 1(dph) the epidermis as two layers and dermis as a very thin collagen layer had formed. Sensory buds in epidermis and chromatophore cells in dermis of head and also arranged the dermal endothelial cells were features of 3 (dph). At 10 (dph) there was an increase in epidermal cell line, existence the circular cells as club cells in epidermis and increase in dermal thickness observed. From the character of 20 (dph) was organized epidermis to three layers and collagen fibrils as parallel to body. From 25- 40 (dph) an increase in cell lines of epidermis up to 10 rows in some areas was observed.
Conclusion The most important changes were the events occurred in dermis. The self-organized collagen fibrils to several lamellae, invading the fibroblasts to derm and forms of stratum campactum and stratum spongiosum.
Osteoporosis: Current Concepts
Authors: Akkawi Ibrahim , Zmerly Hassan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOsteoporosis is a worldwide disease characterized by reduction of bone mass and alteration of bone architecture resulting in increased bone fragility and increased fracture risk. Causes of osteoporosis include increasing age, female sex, postmenopausal status, hypogonadism or premature ovarian failure, low body mass index, ethnic background, rheumatoid arthritis, low bone mineral density (BMD), vitamin D deficiency, low calcium intake, hyperkyphosis, current smoking, alcohol abuse, immobilization, and long-term use of certain medications. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is established by measurement of BMD of the hip and spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. According to the World Health Organization criteria, osteoporosis is defined as a BMD that lies 2.5 standard deviation or more below the average value for young healthy women. Bone turnover biomarker detection may be useful in monitoring osteoporosis treatment and assessing fracture risk but not for diagnosis of osteoporosis. Management of osteoporosis consists of nonpharmacological interventions, which are recommended for all subjects, and pharmacological therapy in all postmenopausal women who have had an osteoporotic fracture or have BMD values consistent with osteoporosis.
„Frei von“ – tatsächlich frei von Allergenen und Gluten?
Authors: Ebock Anett 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie „Frei-von“-Welle hat neben den glutenfreien Lebensmitteln auch die Allergene mit erfasst. Allergiker fühlen sich von solchen Produkten besonders
angesprochen, jedoch können selbst minimale Spurenverunreinigungen bei Allergikern Symptome auslösen. Daher müssen die Hersteller sicherstellen, dass derart
beworbene Produkte nicht mit den ausgelobten Allergenen verunreinigt sind.
10.23 Product Class 23: Pyrido[X,Y-b]indoles (Carbolines)
Authors: Joule J. A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMethods for the synthesis of the four isomeric carboline (pyrido[X,Y-b]indole) ring systems are discussed. Reports from 1919, when the word “carboline” was first coined, up to 2015 are covered, with some references from early 2016 also included.
Grimon: graphical interface to visualize multi-omics networks
Authors: Kanai Masahiro , Maeda Yuichi , Okada Yukinori 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Summary
Rapid advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have enabled more efficient acquisition of massive amount of multi-omics data. However, interpretation of the underlying relationships across multi-omics networks has not been fully succeeded, partly due to the lack of effective methods in visualization. To aid interpretation of the results from such multi-omics data, we here present Grimon (Graphical interface to visualize multi-omics networks), an R package that visualizes high-dimensional multi-layered data sets in three-dimensional parallel coordinates. Grimon enables users to intuitively and interactively explore their analyzed data, helping their understanding of multiple inter-layer connections embedded in high-dimensional complex data.

Availability and implementation
Grimon is freely available at https://github.com/mkanai/grimon as an R package with example omics data sets.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at bioinformatics online.
The impact and incidence of altered body image in patients with head and neck tumors: a systematic review
Authors: Manier Karra K , Rowe Lindsay S , Welsh Judith , Armstrong Terri S 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBody image dissatisfaction is a common issue among patients with cancer and is associated with difficulty coping, anxiety, and depression. Patients with tumors involving the head and neck are at increased risk of body image dissatisfaction due to the visible disfigurement that can occur from their illness and its treatment. Patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) malignancies often face similar tumor-related and treatment-related effects, yet there is limited research conducted in this population. Our aim was to perform a systematic review of the literature on body image in patients with tumors of the head and neck, and identify factors associated with body image alterations during treatment, with the intention of applying these approaches to those with CNS disease. A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE was performed using predefined criteria. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review. The literature collected showed a relationship between body image and age, depressive symptoms, and tumor grade or stage. In addition, body image disturbance had an impact on patients’ daily functioning and psychosocial indices including anxiety, coping, and body reintegration. Evaluation of the impact of body image alterations in patients with CNS tumors is needed to direct clinical care, explore research opportunities, and improve patient quality of life.
A web-based dietary intervention in early pregnancy and neonatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kennedy R A K , Reynolds C M E , Cawley S , O’Malley E , McCartney D M , Turner M J 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundMaternal nutrition is a determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Few studies have evaluated the potential of online nutrition resources to modify behaviour. This randomized controlled trial aimed to determine whether access to a customized evidence-based nutrition website in pregnancy improved neonatal outcomes.MethodsWomen <18 weeks gestation were recruited at their convenience. The control group received standard care. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received access to an evidence-based nutrition website, customized to the preferences of pregnant women.ResultsOf the 250 women, there were no differences in characteristics between the two groups. Of the women, 91.0% reported they make a conscious effort currently to eat a healthy diet. However, only 19.6% met dietary requirements for calcium, 13.2% for iron, 2.7% for folate and 2.3% for iodine. The most popular website section was pregnancy nutrition advice but engagement was not sustained. Access to the website was not associated with any improvement in clinical outcomes (P > 0.05).ConclusionsWe found that provision of a customized website providing nutrition information, did not improve neonatal outcomes. Future studies should explore whether redesign with website interactivity or embedding information on popular digital platforms sustains women’s engagement and modifies dietary behaviour.
Dermal nerve fibre and mast cell density, and proximity of mast cells to nerve fibres in the skin of patients with complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Morellini Natalie , Finch Philip M. , Goebel Andreas , Drummond Peter D. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
An interaction between cutaneous nerves and mast cells may contribute to pain in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). To explore this, we investigated the density of dermal nerve fibres, and the density and proximity of mast cells to nerve fibres, in skin biopsies obtained from the affected and unaffected limbs of 57 patients with CRPS and 28 site-matched healthy controls. The percentage of the dermis stained by the pan-neuronal marker protein gene-product 9.5 was lower in the affected limb of patients than in controls (0.12 ± 0.01% vs 0.22 ± 0.04%, P < 0.05), indicating a reduction in dermal nerve fibre density. This parameter did not correlate with CRPS duration. However, it was lower in the affected than unaffected limb of patients with warm CRPS. Dermal mast cell numbers were similar in patients and controls, but the percentage of mast cells less than 5 µm from nerve fibres was significantly lower in the affected and unaffected limbs of patients than in controls (16.8 ± 1.7%, 16.5 ± 1.7%, and 31.4 ± 2.3% respectively, P < 0.05). We confirm previous findings of a mild neuropathy in CRPS. Our findings suggest that this either develops very early after injury or precedes CRPS onset. Loss of dermal nerve fibres in CRPS might result in loss of chemotactic signals, thus halting mast cell migration toward surviving nerve fibres. Failure of normal nerve fibre–mast cell interactions could contribute to the pathophysiology of CRPS.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Using at Rest Images to Determine the Height of Velopharyngeal Closure
Authors: Mason Kazlin N. , Hauhuth Kelly , Perry Jamie L. , Riski John E. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Prior to performing secondary surgeries, lateral cephalograms have been used during phonation to evaluate the point of attempted velopharyngeal contact along the posterior pharyngeal wall relative to the palatal plane and the first cervical vertebra. The ability to quantify the height of velopharyngeal closure is an important aspect of planning corrective surgeries for velopharyngeal dysfunction. However, issues with patient compliance during the imaging process can present difficulties for obtaining adequate preoperative imaging data. The purpose of this study was to assess if the height of velopharyngeal closure can be accurately estimated and quantified from at rest images. Results demonstrate that the height of velopharyngeal closure above C1 can be accurately quantified using at rest images in children with cleft palate. No statistically significant difference was found between the measures obtained at rest or during sustained phonation images (P = 0.573). Thus, quantitative measures from at rest images can aid in the preoperative planning process by providing surgeons with a numeric distance for tissue insertion along the posterior pharyngeal wall above C1. This distance is correlated to the height of velopharyngeal closure and successfully placing tissue at this height is likely tied to improved postoperative speech outcomes.
How Public Transport affected the Propagation of Zika and Microcephaly within Rio de Janeiro early in 2015
Authors: Armstrong M. , Coelho F.C. , Bastos L. , Saraceni V. , Lemos C. , Silva M. , Santana L. , Crespo J , Watanabe M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFrom mid-2015 to the end of January 2016, 47 cases of microcephaly were observed in the city of Rio de Janeiro, that were not due to other viral infections (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, herpes & cytomegalovirus). These children were conceived from Dec 2014 to April 2015, far too early to be explained by the officially recorded cases from October 2015 onward. Zika must have been rampant in the city from late 2014 onward. In the first half of the paper we study how the geographic spread of microcephaly cases evolved from mid-2015 to January 2016 (and hence Zika 6-9 months earlier). Cases were not evenly spread in proportion to the number of births; they were preferentially located in the northern suburbs apparently following the public transport routes, with virtually no cases in favelas and none in the southern suburbs (Zona Sul). One key difference between the transport systems in the northern and southern suburbs is that the metro & rail system in the north is above ground in the north whereas in the southern part the metro is underground with air-conditioning in carriages and forced ventilation on the platforms. The train system does not extend to Zona Sul.In the second half of the paper we postulate that the air-conditioning and ventilation prevent mosquitos from biting people who are waiting on platforms in Zona Sul. Agent-based simulations are used to test this hypothesis. After confirming this, we postulate that providing air-conditioning and/or forced ventilation on the rail-metro transport hub in the city center (Centro) would significantly delay the propagation of arboviruses in the city, possibly preventing epidemics. One advantage of this proposal is that it does not require the use of insecticides.
Run or die in the evolution of new microRNAs - Testing the Red Queen hypothesis on de novo new genes
Authors: Zhao Yixin , Lu Guang-An , Yang Hao , Lin Pei , Liufu Zhongqi , Tang Tian , Xu Jin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Red Queen hypothesis depicts evolution as the continual struggle to adapt. According to this hypothesis, new genes, especially those originating from non-genic sequences (i.e., de novo genes), are eliminated unless they evolve continually in adaptation to a changing environment. Here, we analyze two Drosophila de novo miRNAs that are expressed in a testis-specific manner with very high rates of evolution in their DNA sequence. We knocked out these miRNAs in two sibling species and investigated their contributions to different fitness components. We observed that the fitness contributions of miR-975 in D. simulans seem positive, in contrast to its neutral contributions in D. melanogaster, while miR-983 appears to have negative contributions in both species, as the fitness of the knockout mutant increases. As predicted by the Red Queen hypothesis, the fitness difference of these de novo miRNAs indicates their different fates.
Distinct Microbes, Metabolites, and Ecologies Define the Microbiome in Deficient and Proficient Mismatch Repair Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Hale Vanessa L. , Jeraldo Patricio , Chen Jun , Mundy Michael , Yao Janet , Priya Sambhawa , Keeney Gary , Lyke Kelly , Ridlon Jason , White Bryan A. , French Amy J. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Diener Christian , Resendis-Antonio Osbaldo , Gransee Jaime , Dutta Tumpa , Petterson Xuan-Mai , Blekhman Ran , Boardman Lisa , Larson David , Nelson Heidi , Chia Nicholas 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe link between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiome has been established, but the specific microbial species and their role in carcinogenesis remain controversial. Our understanding would be enhanced by better accounting for tumor subtype, microbial community interactions, metabolism, and ecology.MethodsWe collected paired colon tumor and normal–adjacent tissue and mucosa samples from 83 individuals who underwent partial or total colectomies for CRC. Mismatch repair (MMR) status was determined in each tumor sample and classified as either deficient MMR (dMMR) or proficient MMR (pMMR) tumor subtypes. Samples underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a subset of samples from 50 individuals were submitted for targeted metabolomic analysis to quantify amino acids and short-chain fatty acids. A PERMANOVA was used to identify the biological variables that explained variance within the microbial communities. dMMR and pMMR microbial communities were then analyzed separately using a generalized linear mixed effects model that accounted for MMR status, sample location, intra–subject sample correlation, and read depth. Genome–scale metabolic models were then used to generate microbial interaction networks for dMMR and pMMR microbial communities. We assessed global network properties as well as the metabolic influence of each microbe within the dMMR and pMMR networks.ResultsWe demonstrate distinct roles for microbes in dMMR and pMMR CRC. Sulfidogenic Fusobacterium nucleatum and hydrogen sulfide production were significantly enriched in dMMR CRC, but not pMMR CRC. We also surveyed the butyrate–producing microbial species, but did not find a significant difference in predicted or actual butyrate production between dMMR and pMMR microbial communities. Finally, we observed that dMMR microbial communities were predicted to be less stable than pMMR microbial communities. Community stability may play an important role in CRC development, progression, or immune activation within the respective MMR subtypes.ConclusionsIntegrating tumor biology and microbial ecology highlighted distinct microbial, metabolic, and ecological properties unique to dMMR and pMMR CRC. This approach could critically improve our ability to define, predict, prevent, and treat colorectal cancers.
NMDA spikes mediate amplification of odor pathway information in the piriform cortex
Authors: Kumar Amit , Schiff Oded , Barkai Edi , Mel Bartlett W. , Poleg-Polsky Alon , Schiller Jackie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe piriform cortex (PCx) receives direct input from the olfactory bulb (OB) and is the brain’s main station for odor recognition and memory. The transformation of the odor code from OB to PCx is profound: mitral and tufted cells in olfactory glomeruli respond to individual odorant molecules, whereas pyramidal neurons (PNs) in the PCx responds to multiple, apparently random combinations of activated glomeruli. How these “discontinuous” receptive fields are formed from OB inputs remains unknown. Counter to the prevailing view that olfactory PNs sum their inputs passively, we show for the first time that NMDA spikes within individual dendrites can both amplify OB inputs and impose combination selectivity upon them, while their ability to compartmentalize voltage signals allows different dendrites to represent different odorant combinations. Thus, the 2-layer integrative behavior of olfactory PN dendrites provides a parsimonious account for the nonlinear remapping of the odor code from bulb to cortex.
The impact of person-organization fit and leader-member exchange on withdrawal behaviors in Thailand
Authors: Rurkkhum Suthinee 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of person-organization fit and leader-member exchange (LMX) on the withdrawal behaviors of Thai employees.Design/methodology/approachSelf-report questionnaires were received from 300 employees working in one of the largest Thai public universities. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, followed by confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation model was then implemented to test the relationships among all variables.FindingsThe results showed negative relationships between person-organization fit and withdrawal behaviors, between LMX and withdrawal behaviors, and between person-organization fit and LMX and an intention to leave. However, only person-organization fit was statistically significant with withdrawal behaviors and an intention to leave. The progression model of withdrawal behaviors was also supported.Research limitations/implicationsThe self-report questionnaires were the limitations of the study.Practical implicationsThis study highlighted the importance of withdrawal behaviors and an intention to leave an organization which are costly behaviors. Person-organization fit should be emphasized at the recruitment and selection process, and coherent human resource practices should be used in an organization to possibly lessen these costly behaviors.Originality/valueThis study contributed to the knowledge of withdrawal behaviors, covering both least severe and more extreme behaviors. This study suggested that an organization should pay attention to these least severe withdrawal behaviors among employees, since these can lead to an extreme withdrawal behavior – i.e. an intention to leave an organization.
Is tourism really an escape from everyday life? Everyday leisure activities vs leisure travel activities of expats and emirati nationals living in the UAE
Authors: Slak Valek Natasa , Fotiadis Anestis 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand the linkage between everyday life activities with its various aspects of leisure and the leisure-related activities undertaken when traveling as a tourist. This comparison is based on information from individuals who take on both the roles of the everyday person and the traveling tourist. Moreover, as the study is based in the UAE, a multi-cultural country, leisure activities between local residents and expatriates living in UAE are contrasted as part of the investigation.

Design/methodology/approach
A newly modified International Social Survey Program about Leisure Time questionnaire was used in this study to define a comprehensive list of leisure activities. This was distributed to a sample of local residents and expats living in the UAE in 2015. Pearson χ2 was used to understand the association between everyday leisure activities and travel leisure activities.

Findings
The results show statistically significant differences in everyday leisure activities between expats and Emirati nationals living in UAE. Moreover, a moderate (V = 0.21; p = 0.25) strength of associations between everyday activities and travel leisure activities was found in the overall sample of all UAE residents.

Research limitations/implications
A non-probability sampling method was used to collect the data, and no general conclusions about the segments or the total population of residents can be made at this point. However, the sample size is sufficient to examine the proposed model and understand the differences between the two resident segments (Emirati nationals vs expats) and to compare the differences in behavior between everyday leisure and tourism-related leisure activities.

Practical implications
These findings are recommended for consideration by tourism authorities, holiday destination managers and trip organizers when targeting UAE residents, both Emirati nationals and expats.

Social implications
As a relation between everyday activities and travel activities was confirmed, the typical tourism motivation assumption that people are traveling to escape the everyday should be reconsidered. In addition, a managerial conclusion is that Emirati nationals and expats should be considered as two distinct groups when devising, preparing and marketing the leisure activities for the market in the UAE.

Originality/value
The problem of separating tourism travel from everyday life, as the common perspective of the time, was to treat tourism simply as a temporary escape from everyday life. This research enters this same area and attempts to fill the academic gap and address this issue which, to our knowledge, no specific studies have investigated or exposed the relationship between common everyday leisure activities and special travel leisure activities.