bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression in chronic granulomatous disease and interferon‐γ receptor‐deficient cells treated in vitro with interferon‐γ
Authors: Frazão Josias B. , Colombo Martino , Simillion Cedric , Bilican Adem , Keller Irene , Wüthrich Daniel , Zhu Zhiqing , Okoniewski Michal J. , Bruggmann Rémy , Condino‐Neto Antonio , Newburger Peter E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInterferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity against intracellular infections and is used clinically for the prevention and control of infections in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and inborn defects in the IFN‐γ/interleukin (IL)‐12 axis. Using transcriptome profiling (RNA‐seq), we sought to identify differentially expressed genes, transcripts and exons in Epstein‐Barr virus–transformed B lymphocytes (B‐EBV) cells from CGD patients, IFN‐γ receptor deficiency patients, and normal controls, treated in vitro with IFN‐γ for 48 hours. Our results show that IFN‐γ increased the expression of a diverse array of genes related to different cellular programs. In cells from normal controls and CGD patients, IFN‐γ‐induced expression of genes relevant to oxidative killing, nitric oxide synthase pathway, proteasome‐mediated degradation, antigen presentation, chemoattraction, and cell adhesion. IFN‐γ also upregulated genes involved in diverse stages of messenger RNA (mRNA) processing including pre‐mRNA splicing, as well as others implicated in the folding, transport, and assembly of proteins. In particular, differential exon expression of
WARS (encoding tryptophanyl‐transfer RNA synthetase, which has an essential function in protein synthesis) induced by IFN‐γ in normal and CGD cells suggests that this gene may have an important contribution to the benefits of IFN‐γ treatment for CGD. Upregulation of mRNA and protein processing related genes in CGD and IFNRD cells could mediate some of the effects of IFN‐γ treatment. These data support the concept that IFN‐γ treatment may contribute to increased immune responses against pathogens through regulation of genes important for mRNA and protein processing.
Hydrogen sulfide protects against acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury by inhibiting apoptosis via the JNK/MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Xiaoyong , Lin Jiaqiong , Lin Yan , Huang Zena , Pan Yuguo , Cui Peng , Yu Chicai , Cai Cun , Xia Jintang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used over‐the‐counter analgesic and antipyretic. It can cause hepatotoxicity. Recent studies demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) exhibits cell protection in several cell types. This study was designed to investigate whether H
2S ameliorated APAP‐induced acute liver injury and to elucidate its mechanisms. In this study, we analyzed the detailed biological and molecular processes of APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity using a bioinformatics analysis, which showed that apoptosis and the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway were confirmed to play critical roles in these processes. We further investigated the protective effects of H
2S on APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity. In vivo, we observed that the exogenous supplement of H
2S ameliorated APAP‐induced liver injury. Cystathionine‐β‐synthase (CBS) and cystathionine‐γ‐lyase (CSE) systems were the endogenous pathway of H
2S. The expression of CBS/CSE was decreased in APAP‐treated mice, while H
2S could significantly restore it. In addition, APAP‐induced JNK activation was inhibited by H
2S in vivo. In vitro, H
2S abolished the active effects of APAP on caspase3, Bax, and Bcl‐2 expressions as well as JNK phosphorylation in hepatocytes. It was found through flow cytometry that the amount of APAP‐induced apoptotic hepatocytes was decreased in the presence of H
2S. In conclusion, our results suggested that H
2S attenuated APAP‐induced apoptosis in hepatocytes through JNK/MAPK siganaling pathway.
What's Keeping Some from Seeking Asylum? A Field Report Exploring Determinants and Implications for Fostering a Social Contract for Young People in Afghanistan
Authors: Alemi Qais , Smith Valerie , Montgomery Susanne , Stempel Carl 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe examined characteristics of Afghan youth who intend to stay in Afghanistan, a generation of young people critical to rebuilding the country. A survey of 232 young adults residing in Kabul assessed various demographic, health and psychological factors. The majority of participants reported that they had no intent to seek asylum, and our analyses showed that these individuals were financially stable, physically healthier, experienced less stress, resilient and more hopeful for their country's sociopolitical future when compared to those intending on seeking asylum. Findings provide justification for renewing a social contract that assures various protections and opportunities for social advancement. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Surfactant Headgroups on Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion Droplet Formation: An Experimental and Simulation Study
Authors: Li Bao , Zhang Lei , Liu Shengyu , Fan Minqiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNonpolar oils such as kerosene and diesel oil are common collectors in coal flotation. Surfactants are usually added to the pulp to emulsify the oil collectors. The present study used dodecane as the oil collector and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) and nonionic tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12EO) with different headgroups and identical chain alkyls to investigate the effect of the surfactant headgroups on oil‐in‐water emulsion droplet formation. The morphology and stability of dodecane emulsions were determined experimentally. Density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to explain the microscopic mechanism. The results of DFT indicated a larger interaction between SDS and the water molecules than that between C12EO and water molecules. The results obtained by MD suggested that the SDS headgroup exhibited a loose arrangement and a relatively large gap size, thereby weakening the interaction between SDS and water molecules at the dodecane/water interface. In contrast, the headgroups of C12EO were bent and interwoven with others to form a tight reticulation at the interface. According to the simulation results, the ability of the surfactant to form dodecane‐in‐water emulsion droplets depends on the arrangement of the surfactants at the oil–water interface rather than on the interaction strength between the headgroups of the surfactants and water molecules. The presented microscopic mechanism of the surfactant headgroup formation of oil‐in‐water emulsion droplets offers surfactant selection and design references.
Lymphedema and concomitant venous comorbidity in the extremity: Comprehensive evaluation, management strategy, and outcomes
Authors: Sachanandani Neil S. , Chu Sung‐Yu , Ho Olivia A. , Cheong Chon‐Fok , Lin Miffy Chia‐Yu , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: September 2018

BackgroudThe optimal approaches for concurrent vascular lesions with limb lymphedema are not well established. The purpose of the study was to investigate the outcome of the surgical management of lymphedema with concomitant vascular lesions.MethodsBetween August 2010 and November 2015, 15 consecutive patients with extremity lymphedema and concomitant vascular lesions treated with vascularized lymph node flaps were reviewed. The patients had vascular interventions discovered during workup for lymphedema surgery. Outcomes were assessed using circumferential difference (CD) and circumferential reduction rate (CRR) at 12‐month and final follow‐up visits.ResultsVascular lesions (n = 15) included proximal arterial occlusion (
n = 1), vascular malformation (
n = 2), and proximal venous compression/stenosis (
n = 12). Concomitant vascular lesions had an incidence of 15.8% in patients that underwent vascularized lymph node transfers (VLNTs). We had 100% VLNT survival rate and average number of episodes of cellulitis after VLNTs decreased significantly (
p < 0.05). The CRR for the below knee/elbow measurement at 12‐months follow‐up was significantly higher for patients that underwent vascular intervention for venous lesions before VLNT instead of concurrently or after (23.7% vs 12.2%,
P = 0.23). Final mean CRR was 23.7% and 12.2% respectively.ConclusionPreoperative workup of concomitant vascular lesions is important for lymphedema management. We suggest appropriate vascular intervention should be done prior to VLNT to maximize the short‐term and long‐term outcomes.
Success of genomic profiling of non–small cell lung cancer biopsies obtained by trans‐thoracic percutaneous needle biopsy
Authors: Gill Ritu R. , Murphy David John , Kravets Sasha , Sholl Lynnette Mary , Janne Pasi Antero , Johnson Bruce Evan 
Published: September 2018

PurposeGenomic profiling for personalized targeted therapy has become standard of care. We report the success of genomic profiling of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) obtained by trans‐thoracic needle biopsy (TTNB) in a single center experience.Materials and MethodsPatients with NSCLC who underwent TTNB for genomic were identified. Pathology specimens were evaluated for tumor adequacy and then analyzed for selected exons of epidermal growth factor receptor, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and ERBB2. ALK rearrangements were detected with fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry. Technical success was recorded and the factors affecting successful profiling were evaluated. Complications (pneumothorax, hemorrhage, and admission) were recorded. Comparison of yield and complications were done between the two groups (core biopsy and fine needle aspiration only group). Utility of PET‐CT to guide the needle track for optimized yield was assessed in a subset of patients.ResultsBetween December 6, 2009, and December 30, 2016, 765 patients with NSCLC underwent TTNB. Five‐hundred and seventy‐seven of 765 (75%) of all TTNB were profiled, for genomic analysis. Five‐hundred and eight of 577 (88%) were successfully profiled. The number of samples obtained ranged from 1 to 10 (1 to 2 cm, 18 to 20 G). Lesions biopsied ranged in size from 0.6 to 16 cm. No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of pneumothorax between two groups (P = 0.26). PET guidance was not found to be statistically significant (
P = 0.79) in the overall yield.ConclusionComputed tomographic guided TTNB is a safe and efficacious technique for genomic profiling, enables the acquisition of sufficient tissue for genetic mutation analyses allowing for personalized therapy with an acceptable complication rate.
Long‐term research reveals multiple relationships between the abundance and impacts of a non‐native species
Authors: Strayer David L. , Solomon Christopher T. , Findlay Stuart E. G. , Rosi Emma J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNon‐native species are among the most important drivers of the structure and function of modern ecosystems. The ecological impacts of a non‐native species ought to depend on the size and characteristics of its population, but the exact nature of this population‐impacts relationship is rarely defined. Both the mathematical form of this relationship (e.g., linear, exponential, and threshold) and the attributes of the invading population (e.g., density, biomass, and body size) that most efficiently describe its impacts could vary greatly across invaders, ecosystems, and ecological variables. Knowing the shape of this relationship could improve management and help to infer mechanisms of interaction between the invader and ecosystem. We used a long‐term data set on the invasion of the Hudson River ecosystem by two species of Dreissena (the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and the quagga mussel, Dreissena rostriformis) to explore the shape of the population‐impacts relationship for selected ecological variables, including seston, phytoplankton, and several taxa of zooplankton. Most population‐impacts relationships appeared to follow a negative exponential form, but we also found apparent thresholds and scatterplots for some variables. Including information on the traits of Dreissena (body size and filtration rate) often substantially improved models of impacts. We found only slight evidence that the resistance of the Hudson River ecosystem to the Dreissena invasion might be increasing over time. Our results suggest important refinements to widely used conceptual models of invasive species impact, and indicate that defining the population‐effects relationship will be essential in understanding and managing the impacts of non‐native species.
Design, Preparation, and Performance of a Novel Bilayer Tissue‐Engineered Small‐Diameter Vascular Graft
Authors: Ran Xiaolin , Ye Zhiyi , Fu Meiling , Wang Qilong , Wu Haide , Lin Song , Yin Tieying , Hu Tingzhang , Wang Guixue 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn clinical practice, the need for small‐diameter vascular grafts continues to increase. Decellularized xenografts are commonly used for vascular reconstructive procedures. Here, porcine coronary arteries are decellularized, which destroys the extracellular matrix structure, leading to the decrease of vascular strength and the increase of vascular permeability. A bilayer tissue‐engineered vascular graft (BTEV) is fabricated by electrospinning poly(l‐lactide‐co‐carprolactone)/gelatin outside of the decellularized vessels and functionalized by immobilizing heparin, which increases the biomechanical strength and anticoagulant activity of decellularized vessels. The biosafety and efficacy of the heparin‐modified BTEVs (HBTEVs) are verified by implanting in rat models. HBTEVs remain patent and display no expansion or aneurism. After 4 weeks of implantation, a cell monolayer in the internal surface and a dense middle layer have formed, and the mechanical properties of regenerated vessels are similar to those of rat abdominal aorta. Therefore, HBTEVs can be used for rapid remodeling of small‐diameter blood vessels.
Novel Surface Coatings Using Oxidized Glycosaminoglycans as Delivery Systems of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP‐2) for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Anouz Reema , Repanas Alexandros , Schwarz Elisabeth , Groth Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTissue engineering of bone requires the delivery of growth factors in a localized, sustained manner. Here, chitosan is used as polycation, while heparin and chondroitin sulfate are employed either as native or oxidized polyanions for formation of multilayers by layer‐by‐layer technique. The use of oxidized heparin and oxidized chondroitin sulfate permits additional stabilization by cross‐linking through imine bond formation between amino groups of polycations and aldehydes of oxidized glycosaminoglycans (oGAGs). Since these multilayers are highly hydrophilic, adhesion of C2C12 myoblasts is improved either by the use of a specific 4 + 9 pH regime with native glycosaminoglycans or a terminal collagen I layer in case of oGAGs. Adhesion and proliferation studies with C2C12 myoblasts, seeded either on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2) loaded or non‐loaded multilayers, show that intrinsic cross‐linking in oGAG‐based multilayers supports cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and subsequent cell differentiation into osteoblasts. This is related to higher thickness and roughness of multilayers made of oGAGs compared to their native counterparts studied by ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. Taken together, oGAG multilayer systems provide stable surface coatings and are useful as biocompatible reservoirs for sustained release of BMP‐2, paving the way for coating implants and scaffolds for repair and regeneration of bone.
Maximizing the Degree of Sulfonation of Polysulfone Supports in TFC Membranes for Osmotically Driven Processes
Authors: Grinic Daria , Giagnorio Mattia , Cosola Andrea , Ricceri Francesco , Zanetti Maria Chiara , Sangermano Marco , Tiraferri Alberto 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this work, thin‐film composite (TFC) polyamide membranes are prepared by introducing the highest amount of sulfonated polysulfone into the polysulfone‐based support layer with the goal to improve membrane performance in osmotically driven processes. Sulfonated polymers are synthesized via a one‐step reaction and used in suitable blends with pristine polysulfone to cast porous layers by phase inversion process. The sulfonated support substrates exhibit enhanced wettability over the traditional polysulfone layers as confirmed by a two‐fold decrease in water contact angle. Using a 0.35 mm NaCl draw solution, the best sulfonated TFC membranes achieve up to 16 and 21 L m−2 h−1 under forward osmosis (FO) and pressure‐retarded osmosis (PRO) configurations, respectively. However, no significant alterations in the support layer morphology can be detected. It is speculated, therefore, that wettability is the key factor for the observed improved osmotic flux, with a trade‐off between water and reverse salt fluxes.
Tell it like it is: The effects of differing responses to negative online reviews
Authors: Esmark Jones Carol L. , Stevens Jennifer L. , Breazeale Michael , Spaid Brian I. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNegative electronic word‐of‐mouth (eWOM) has a notable impact on a consumer's online purchase decisions and attitude toward a company or product. Despite substantial research examining this phenomenon, little attention has been given to the impact of responses to negative eWOM. The authors examine negative eWOM in the form of online reviews to understand how responses may impact a consumer’s product satisfaction and attitude toward the company. Three studies examine specific aspects of responses, including responder type, attribution, and severity of negative review. Consistent findings across the studies reveal while any response is better than no response, a fellow consumer responding to a negative review can produce the most beneficial outcomes. The findings of this study are important for advancing theory in relation to negative eWOM and for helping practitioners develop appropriate response strategies.
Technical Note: Experimental verification ofEGSnrc calculated depth dose within a parallel magnetic field in a lung phantom
Authors: Ghila Andrei , Fallone B. Gino , Rathee Satyapal 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe calculation of depth doses from a 6MVphoton beam in polystyrene usingEGSnrc Monte Carlo, within a parallel magnetic field, has been previously verified against measured data. The current work experimentally investigates the accuracy ofEGSnrc calculated depth doses in lung within the same parallel magnetic field.MethodsTwo cylindrical bore electromagnets produced a magnetic field parallel to the central axis of a Varian Silhouette beam. A Gammex lung phantom was used, along with a parallel plate ion chamber, for the depth dose measurements. Two experimental setups were investigated: top of phantom coinciding with the top of the magnet's bore, and top of phantom coinciding with the center of the bore.EGSnrc was modified to read the 3D magnetic field distribution and then used to simulate the depth dose in lung.ResultsThe parallel magnetic field caused measurable increases in dose at the surface and in the buildup region for both setups. For the setup where the top of the lung phantom coincides with the top of the magnet, the surface dose increased by ~11% compared to the no magnetic field case but the depth of maximum dose remained unchanged. When the phantom's top surface coincided with the center of the magnet, the surface dose increased by 32% and dose maximum occurred at a shallower depth.EGSnrc was able to calculate these dose increases due to the magnetic field accurately for both setups. All the simulated depth dose values were within 2% (with respect to Dmax) of the measured ones, and most of the investigated points were within 1.5%.ConclusionsSurface and dose increases due to a parallel magnetic field have been measured in a lung phantom at two separate locations within the magnetic field.EGSnrc has been shown to match these measurements to within 2%.
Identifying clinical practice guidelines for the supportive care of children with cancer: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Seelisch Jennifer , Sung Lillian , Kelly Michael J. , Raybin Jennifer L. , Beauchemin Melissa , Dvorak Christopher C. , Kelly Katherine Patterson , Nieder Michael L. , Noll Robert B. , Thackray Jennifer , Ullrich Nicole J. , Cabral Sandra , Dupuis L. Lee , Robinson Paula D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProviding evidence‐based supportive care for children with cancer has the potential to optimize treatment outcomes and improve quality of life. The Children's Oncology Group (COG) Supportive Care Guidelines Subcommittee conducted a systematic review to identify current supportive care clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) relevant to childhood cancer or pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Only 22 papers met the 2011 Institute of Medicine criteria to be considered a CPG. The results highlight the paucity of CPGs available to pediatric oncology healthcare professionals and the pressing need to create CPGs using current methodological standards.
Time‐Resolved NMR Analysis of Proteolytic α‐Synuclein Processing in vitro and in cellulo
Authors: Limatola Antonio , Eichmann Cédric , Jacob Reeba Susan , Ben‐Nissan Gili , Sharon Michal , Binolfi Andres , Selenko Philipp 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTargeted proteolysis of the disordered Parkinson's disease protein alpha‐synuclein (αSyn) constitutes an important event under physiological and pathological cell conditions. In this work, site‐specific αSyn cleavage by different endopeptidases in vitro and by endogenous proteases in extracts of challenged and unchallenged cells was studied by time‐resolved NMR spectroscopy. Specifically, proteolytic processing was monitored under neutral and low pH conditions and in response to Rotenone‐induced oxidative stress. Further, time‐dependent degradation of electroporation‐delivered αSyn in intact SH‐SY5Y and A2780 cells was analyzed. Results presented here delineate a general framework for NMR‐based proteolysis studies in vitro and in cellulo, and confirm earlier reports pertaining to the exceptional proteolytic stability of αSyn under physiological cell conditions. However, experimental findings also reveal altered protease susceptibilities in selected mammalian cell lines and upon induced cell stress.
“Open‐Mouth” Mesoporous Hollow Micro/Nano Coatings Based on POSS/PDMS: Fabrication, Mechanisms, and Anti‐Icing Performance
Authors: Yin Yuan , Liu Meihua , Wei Wei , Zhang Yifan , Gutowski Voytek , Zhang Wanxi , Deng Pengyang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA simple spray approach for fabricating unique micro–nano polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane/polydimethylsiloxane (POSS/PDMS) composite coatings decorated with 3D “opened‐mouth” hollow structures is reported. The structures are formed by a template‐free self‐assembly of cuboidal POSS precursors driven by room‐temperature aerosol‐assisted process. A three‐stage mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of the structures. The morphology and performance of the coatings are controlled via the type of the carrier liquid, the content of crystalline nanoparticles (POSS), the presence of ligands, and processing temperature. Mechanically stable micro‐ or micro–nano “open‐mouth” spherical or cylindrical structures with excellent super‐hydrophobic and anti‐icing properties are formed when POSS content exceeds 5%. Such spatial geometry of interphase‐embedded hollow structures incorporates effective heat‐transfer barrier, drastically reduces surface wettability and ice adhesion, which are quantified by water freezing temperature lowered to −26.3 °C and ice adhesion to 86 kPa.