bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phonon properties of ZnSnSb2 + Mn semiconductors: Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Romcevic Maja , Gilic Martina , Kilanski Lukasz , Dobrowolski Witold , Fedorchenko Irina Valentinovna , Marenkin Sergey Fedorovich , Romcevic Nebojsa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDoping of II–IV–V2 semiconductors opens up new opportunities for wide application. Addition of Mn to these materials induces formation of magnetic clusters, which are responsible for high‐temperature ferromagnetism. Our aim was to examine how the addition of Mn influences the optical and structural properties of ZnSnSb2 by micro‐Raman spectroscopy. For four samples of Zn1 − xMnxSnSb2 synthesized using the direct fusion method, with x = 0.027, 0.066, 0.076, and 0.086, Raman spectra were measured at room temperature in spectral range from 60 to 300 cm−1. The obtained results indicate that these are multiphase materials. Based on the size and shape of complex microstructures, which consist of different phases and clusters, dispersive and duplex or triplex types of microstructures can be identified. Existence of ZnSb, SnSb, and MnSb phases was confirmed. By analyzing the Raman spectra, phonons of ZnSb and SnSb are determined and they are consistent with the data from literature. Phonon properties of ZnSnSb2, as well as of MnSb, are experimentally obtained for the first time. On the basis of a shift of the ZnSnSb2 phonons, we found that some amount of Mn entered lattice and form Zn1 − xMnxSnSb2. Microstructures affect the physical properties and behavior of a material. Analysis of this complex semiconductors and obtained results are important for their optimization and customization for possible applications.
Adult soft tissue sarcoma and time to treatment initiation: An analysis of the National Cancer Database
Authors: Curtis Gannon L. , Lawrenz Joshua M. , George Jaiben , Styron Joe F. , Scott Jacob , Shah Chirag , Shepard Dale R. , Rubin Brian , Nystrom Lukas M. , Mesko Nathan W. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe primary goal of this investigation is to determine the current national standards for time to treatment initiation (TTI) in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Additionally, we aim to identify the variables affecting TTI variability in STS.MethodsAn analysis of the National Cancer Database identified 41 529 patients diagnosed with STS between 2004 and 2013. Kruskall‐Wallis tests identified differences between covariates regarding TTI. Negative binomial regression models identified variables that independently influenced TTI, and adjusted for confounders.ResultsThe median TTI was 22.0 days and the mean TTI was 29.7 days. Longer TTI was correlated with transitions in care between institutions (Incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.76; P < 0.001), neoadjuvant radiotherapy (IRR = 1.53; P < 0.001), neoadjuvant systemic therapy (IRR = 1.40; P < 0.001), treatment at an academic center (IRR = 1.23; P < 0.001), Medicaid (IRR = 1.18; P < 0.001), being uninsured (IRR = 1.13; P = 0.001), and Medicare (IRR = 1.05 P = 0.016) status. Shorter TTI was correlated with tumor size >5 cm (IRR = 0.93; P < 0.001), high grade (IRR = 0.92; P = 0.015), truncal tumor site (IRR = 0.94; P = 0.003), and median income >$63 000 (IRR = 0.95; P = 0.028).ConclusionsThe median TTI in the United States for STS is 22 days. Increased TTI in STS are associated with tumor and treatment characteristics, socio‐economic factors and hospital systems issues. Transitions in care between institutions are responsible for the greatest increases.
Age‐dependent prognostic value of body mass index for non‐metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: A large multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Byun Seok‐Soo , Hwang Eu C. , Kang Seok H. , Hong Sung‐Hoo , Chung Jinsoo , Kwon Tae G. , Kim Hyeon H. , Kwak Cheol , Kim Yong‐June , Lee Won K. 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesThe prognostic value of obesity is unestablished for renal cell carcinoma. We assessed the age‐dependent prognostic value of body mass index (BMI) in a large multicenter cohort of patients with non‐metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nm‐cRCC).MethodsThis study evaluated 2092 patients with nm‐cRCC who underwent surgery with curative intent at five Korean institutions between 2001 and 2014.ResultsThere was no significant difference in BMI between the young (<45 years) and older patients (≥45 years) (P = 0.398). Among older patients, high BMI (≥25 kg/m2) was associated with better 5‐year rates of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) (P = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively), and multivariate analysis confirmed that high BMI was independently associated with better RFS and CSS (RFS hazard ratio [HR]: 0.617, P = 0.005; CSS HR: 0.588, P = 0.024). However, among young patients, there were no significant BMI‐related differences in the 5‐year RFS and CSS rates (P = 0.457 and 0.420, respectively), and high BMI was not independently associated with RFS or CSS (P = 0.822 and 0.749, respectively).ConclusionsAmong patients with nm‐cRCC, high BMI was associated with a favorable prognosis among older patients but not among young patients. Therefore, the relationship between obesity and nm‐cRCC prognosis might vary according to age.
On the spectrum of the equation of linear viscoelasticity
Authors: Dell'Oro Filippo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe spectrum of the infinitesimal generator of the contraction semigroup associated with an abstract version of the integrodifferential equation
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201700212:mana201700212-math-0002arising from linear viscoelasticity is analyzed. An application to the study of the stability properties of is given.
Carbide types in an advanced microalloyed bainitic/ferritic Cr–Mo Steel – TEM observations and thermodynamic calculations
Authors: Wang H. , Somsen C. , Eggeler G. , Detemple E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe strength and toughness of low alloyed ferritic/bainitic steels depend on their microstructure, which evolves during thermo‐mechanical treatments along the processing chain. Chromium‐molybdenum steel microstructures are complex. Therefore, only a limited number of attempts have been made to fully characterize carbide populations in such steels. In the present work, analytical transmission electron microscopy is employed to study the microstructure of a low alloyed chromium‐molybdenum steel, which features ferritic (F, mainly α‐iron and niobium‐carbides) and bainitic (B, α‐phase, dislocation, grain/subgrain boundaries, various MxCy carbides) regions. The crystal structure and chemical nature of more than 200 carbides are determined and their distributions in the two microstructural regions are analyzed. The present work shows how particles can be identified in an effective manner and how the microstructural findings can be interpreted on the basis of thermodynamic calculations.
Der Einfluss zinkbasierter Korrosionsschutzsysteme auf die Dauerfestigkeit
Authors: Simonsen F. , Weber J. , Rennert R. , Oechsner M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractZinkbasierte Korrosionsschutzsysteme bieten dem Anwender eine günstige und dauerhafte Möglichkeit, Bauteile aus Stahl vor korrosivem Angriff zu schützen. Deshalb sind diese Systeme in vielen verschiedenen Varianten im Einsatz und Stand der Technik. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass zinkbasierte Korrosionsschutzsysteme bei zyklischer Beanspruchung Einfluss auf die zyklische Beanspruchbarkeit bzw. Ermüdungsfestigkeit haben können. Dieser Einfluss wird in aktuellen Bemessungsregelwerken nicht oder nur teilweise berücksichtigt. In diesem Paper wird der Einfluss auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit und die Möglichkeit der rechnerischen Berücksichtigung verschiedener Korrosionsschutzsysteme bei der Auslegung gegen Werkstoffermüdung aufgezeigt.
Early impact of the ICD‐10‐CM transition on selected health outcomes in 13 electronic health care databases in the United States
Authors: Panozzo Catherine A. , Woodworth Tiffany S. , Welch Emily C. , Huang Ting‐Ying , Her Qoua L. , Haynes Kevin , Rogers Catherine , Menzin Talia J. , Ehrmann Max , Freitas Katherine E. , Haug Nicole R. , Toh Sengwee 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo describe the consistency in the frequency of 5 health outcomes across the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) eras in the US.MethodsWe examined the incidence of 3 acute conditions (acute myocardial infarction [AMI], angioedema, ischemic stroke) and the prevalence of 2 chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension) during the final 5 years of the ICD‐9‐CM era (January 2010‐September 2015) and the first 15 months of the ICD‐10‐CM era (October 2015‐December 2016) in 13 electronic health care databases in the Sentinel System. For each health outcome reviewed during the ICD‐10‐CM era, we evaluated 4 definitions, including published algorithms derived from other countries, as well as simple‐forward, simple‐backward, and forward‐backward mapping using the General Equivalence Mappings. For acute conditions, we also compared the incidence between April to December 2014 and April to December 2016.ResultsThe analyses included data from approximately 172 million health plan members. While the incidence or prevalence of AMI and hypertension performed similarly across the 2 eras, the other 3 outcomes did not demonstrate consistent trends for some or all the ICD‐10‐CM definitions assessed.ConclusionsWhen using data from both the ICD‐9‐CM and ICD‐10‐CM eras, or when using results from ICD‐10‐CM data to compare to results from ICD‐9‐CM data, researchers should test multiple ICD‐10‐CM outcome definitions as part of sensitivity analysis. Ongoing assessment of the impact of ICD‐10‐CM transition on identification of health outcomes in US electronic health care databases should occur as more data accrue.
Exploring the genetics of lesion and nodal resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L.) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using genome‐wide association studies and RNA‐Seq
Authors: Chang Hao‐Xun , Sang Hyunkyu , Wang Jie , McPhee Kevin E. , Zhuang Xiaofeng , Porter Lyndon D. , Chilvers Martin I. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe disease white mold caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a significant threat to pea production, and improved resistance to this disease is needed. Nodal resistance in plants is a phenomenon where a fungal infection is prevented from passing through a node, and the infection is limited to an internode region. Nodal resistance has been observed in some pathosystems such as the pea (Pisum sativum L.)‐S. sclerotiorum pathosystem. In addition to nodal resistance, different pea lines display different levels of stem lesion size restriction, referred to as lesion resistance. It is unclear whether the genetics of lesion resistance and nodal resistance are identical or different. This study applied genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and RNA‐Seq to understand the genetic makeup of these two types of resistance. The time series RNA‐Seq experiment consisted of two pea lines (the susceptible ‘Lifter’ and the partially resistant PI 240515), two treatments (mock inoculated samples and S. sclerotiorum‐inoculated samples), and three time points (12, 24, and 48 hr post inoculation). Integrated results from GWAS and RNA‐Seq analyses identified different redox‐related transcripts for lesion and nodal resistances. A transcript encoding a glutathione S‐transferase was the only shared resistance variant for both phenotypes. There were more leucine rich‐repeat containing transcripts found for lesion resistance, while different candidate resistance transcripts such as a VQ motif‐containing protein and a myo‐inositol oxygenase were found for nodal resistance. This study demonstrated the robustness of combining GWAS and RNA‐Seq for identifying white mold resistance in pea, and results suggest different genetics underlying lesion and nodal resistance.
Effect of arrangement of nano and micro barium titanate (BaTiO3) particles on the enhanced dielectric constant of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/BaTiO3
Authors: Su Jun , Zhang Jun 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to improve the dielectric and mechanical properties of HDPE/BaTiO3 composites by binary BaTiO3 particles, when the volume fraction of BaTiO3 is constant. In this study, it was found that the pack density of binary BaTiO3 particles in HDPE/BaTiO3 composite relies on particle ratio and volume fraction of small particles. It is found that the addition of 50 vol % 1600 nm BaTiO3 particles can boost the dielectric constant of HDPE control from 2 to 30 (14 times higher) at 40 Hz and 19 (8.5 times higher) at 40 MHz, respectively. When the particle ratio was 4, the substitution of 10 vol % 1600 nm BaTiO3 particles by 10 vol % 400 nm BaTiO3 particles can further enhance the dielectric constant of HDPE/L‐BT (10/10) from 30 to 50 (67% increase) at 40 Hz and from 19 to 42 (121% increase) at 40 MHz, respectively, without greatly influencing the volume resistivity of HDPE composites. In addition, the thermal conductivity of HDPE with binary BaTiO3 particles were all above 2.0 W/(m•K). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1101–1108
Linear viscoelastic studies on a transient network formed by host–guest interaction
Authors: Kashiwagi Yu , Katashima Takuya , Nakahata Masaki , Takashima Yoshinori , Harada Akira , Inoue Tadashi 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTA host–guest (HG) polymer was prepared through the radical polymerization of acrylamide monomers (AAm) with a small amount of host‐guest linkers, β‐cyclodextrin‐attached AAm (βCD‐AAm) and adamantane‐attached AAm (Ad‐AAm). The linear viscoelastic and swelling measurements indicated that the resulting HG polymer swollen in water was gel‐like, although the HG polymer is conceptually a linear chain having only temporary crosslinkings. NMR measurements indicated that half of the βCD units incorporated in the HG polymer do not form the inclusion complex with Ad. Rheological analysis of the HG polymer revealed that HG interaction retarded the Rouse modes of networks but did not affect the level of the plateau modulus, which was simply described by the entanglements of AAm chains. This result was confirmed with the reference experiment, in which Ad were capped by competitive βCD molecules. Furthermore, the PAAm polymer with only βCD units (no Ad) was found to exhibit gel‐like behavior. This behavior was attributed to the formation of a small amount of rotaxane structure, which act as permanent crosslinkings, based on 2D NMR data. The HG polymer is basically an entanglement network with temporary sticky points due to the HG interaction, and a few permanent branching points. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1109–1117
A 3D ensemble variational data assimilation scheme for the limited‐area AROME model: Formulation and preliminary results
Authors: Montmerle Thibaut , Michel Yann , Arbogast Etienne , Ménétrier Benjamin , Brousseau Pierre 
Published: June 2018

This paper presents the formulation and preliminary results of a 3D ensemble‐variational data assimilation algorithm (3DEnVar) for the AROME‐France model at 3.8 km horizontal resolution. This algorithm is a deterministic, variational data assimilation scheme that uses background‐error covariances sampled from an ensemble. Our ensemble is an ensemble of data assimilation (EDA) at convective scale, based on the same system with the same spatial resolutions.In ensemble schemes, localization of the covariances is necessary to filter sampling noise. Two different localization schemes have been implemented, one in spectral space and one in grid‐point space. We also evaluate hybrid formulations, where the background‐error covariances are a weighted linear combination of the sampled covariances with the climatological ones.Cycled experiments are performed over a five‐week time period with 3 h updates. The 3DEnVar scheme largely outperforms standard 3D‐Var in terms of forecast scores. The best experiment is the one with the grid‐point localization scheme. A diagnostic of objective localization can provide guidance about the horizontal and vertical localization lengths that give best performance.The hybrid configuration with 80% of ensemble covariances and 20% of climatological ones performs also significantly better than the 3D‐Var, but to a lesser extent than the best 3DEnVar configuration, although it has better balanced initial fields.
An optimized technique for reliability analysis of safety‐critical systems: A case study of nuclear power plant
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Singh Lalit Kumar , Kumar Chiranjeev 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStochastic models are extensively used in quantifying the reliability of safety critical systems. These models use the state‐space model for reliability quantification. Markov chain is comprehensively used in describing a sequence of possible events of any system in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event. Markov chains are convenient to model the software system of the SCS with the help of Petri Nets, a directed bipartite graph widely used for the verification and validation of real‐time systems. However, the stochastic model suffers from the state‐space explosion problem. In this paper, we proposed a technique for reliability analysis of safety critical systems, excavating into the coherent optimization of Markov chain. The approach has been validated on 17 safety critical systems of nuclear power plants.
Carbon and nitrogen isotope variability in the seeds of two African millet species: Pennisetum glaucum and Eleusine coracana
Authors: Reid Rachel E.B. , Lalk Ellen , Marshall Fiona , Liu Xinyi 
Published: June 2018

RationaleA range of important small seeded C4 crops were domesticated in Africa, but little is known about their carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N values). Understanding natural isotopic variability within and among millets has the potential to help us to understand the conditions under which ancient cereals were grown and has significant implications for the interpretation of ancient diets based on stable isotope signatures.MethodsWe conducted carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of modern and historical pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum, n = 108) and finger millet (Eleusine coracana, n = 17) seed samples sourced from the United States Department of Agriculture as well as the Harlan Collection curated at the Crop Evolution Laboratory Herbarium at the University of Illinois.ResultsThe millet species have significantly different mean carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios over broad temporal and spatial scales. We also found substantial isotopic variation within species (range of 1.9‰ and 8.5‰ in δ13C and δ15N values, respectively). Both water availability and growing season temperature significantly affected the P. glaucum δ13C and δ15N values; cumulative annual precipitation was positively correlated with both seed δ13C and δ15N values, while temperature was positively correlated with δ15N values but negatively correlated with seed δ13C values.ConclusionsThe importance of both temperature and precipitation as predictors of δ13C and δ15N values in millets suggests that C4 plants may be more sensitive to environmental parameters than previously appreciated. Given the high degree of carbon and nitrogen isotope variability among accessions of these species, it is imperative that site‐relevant plant isotope ratios are used for making isotope‐based paleo‐dietary predictions.
Multi‐isotope provenancing of archaeological skeletons including cremations in a reference area of the European Alps
Authors: Grupe Gisela , Klaut Dominika , Mauder Markus , Kröger Peer , Lang Amei , Mayr Christoph , Söllner Frank 
Published: June 2018

RationaleDue to the spatial heterogeneity of stable isotope ratios of single elements measured in attempts to georeference bioarchaeological finds, multi‐isotope fingerprints are frequently employed under the assumption that similar isotopic signatures are indicative of similar shared environments by the individuals studied. The extraction of the spatial information from multi‐isotope datasets, however, is challenging.MethodsGaussian mixture clustering of six‐ to seven‐dimensional isotopic fingerprints measured in archaeological animal and human bones was performed. Uncremated animal bones served for an isotopic mapping of a specific reference area of eminent archaeological importance, namely the Inn‐Eisack‐Adige passage across the European Alps. The fingerprints consist of 87Sr/86Sr, 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 206Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/207Pb, and 206Pb/207Pb ratios, and δ18Ophosphate values in uncremated bone apatite, while the thermally unstable δ18O values of human cremations from this region were discarded.ResultsThe bone finds were successfully decontaminated. Animal and human isotope clusters not only reflect individual similarities in the multi‐isotopic fingerprints, but also permit a spatial allocation of the finds. This holds also for cremated finds where the δ18Ophosphate value is no longer informative. To our knowledge, for the first time Pb stable isotopes have been systematically studied in cremated skeletal remains and proved significant in a region that was sought after for its ore deposits in prehistory.ConclusionsGaussian mixture clustering is a promising method for the interpretation of multi‐isotopic fingerprints aiming at detecting and quantifying migration and trade.
Efficient Capture of Radioactive Strontium from Water Using Magnetic WO3 Assembled on Grapheme Oxide Nanocomposite
Authors: Mou Wanjun , Du Shenzhen , Yu Qianhong , Li Xingliang , Wei Hongyuan , Yang Yuchuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNovel core‐shell magnetic Fe3O4@WO3@GO nanocomposites were synthesized and used to remove radioactive strontium from aqueous solution. Taking advantage of the combined benefits of GO and magnetic WO3 nanoparticles, Fe3O4@WO3@GO nanocomposites exhibited excellent adsorption capability for removing Sr2+. Results for Sr2+ adsorption on Fe3O4@WO3@GO have a good fit with a Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity is 61.42 mg g−1, which is higher than that of other similar adsorbents. The high adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@WO3@GO can be attributed to the good dispersion of magnetic WO3 on the surface of GO, efficiently reducing the aggregation of nanoparticles and enhancing the probability for contact between adsorbent and adsorbate. In addition, the Fe3O4@WO3@GO nanocomposites exhibited excellent reusability, after 5 uses there was no noticeable loss in adsorption capacity. Thus, this type of nanocomposite to hold excellent is promising for clean‐up of radioactive strontium from wastewater.
NIS‐Initiated Cyclization of Pyridines with Methyl Ketones and Alkenoic Esters for the Synthesis of Indolizines under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Liu Yun , Wang Wenhui , Han Junwen , Shi Yanhui , Sun Jinwei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of indolizines was developed via NIS‐initiated three‐component reaction of pyridines, methyl ketones and alkenoic esters in the presence of substoichiometric amount of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) under oxygen atmosphere. A wide range of substrates could be applied and gave the desired products in good yields under metal‐free conditions with high atom and step‐economy.