bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of short‐term complications between unilateral and single‐session bilateral surgery for medial patellar luxation in small/medium breed dogs
Authors: Sanders L. B. , Bevan J. M. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the short‐term complications of unilateralversussingle‐session bilateral medial patellar luxation surgery in small dogs.Materials and MethodsThe medical records of dogs weighing less than 13∙6 kg that underwent medial patellar luxation surgery were reviewed. Dogs were included in one of two groups based on the type of surgery performed (unilateral or single‐session bilateral). Postoperative patellar luxation grade and complications were compared between the groups.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐one dogs were included. In the bilateral treatment group, there was less improvement in patellar luxation grade and postoperative medial patellar luxation grade was higher. The frequency of major complications was higher in the bilateral group (23%) compared with the unilateral group (12%).Clinical SignificanceSingle‐session bilateral medial patellar luxation surgery was associated with a higher complication rate compared to unilateral surgery in this non‐randomised observational study. Staged rather than single‐session bilateral surgery should be considered in dogs with bilateral medial patellar luxation to improve clinical outcome and reduce the chance of major complications.
Hepatic copper concentrations in 546 dogs (1982–2015)
Authors: Strickland Jaimie M. , Buchweitz John P. , Smedley Rebecca C. , Olstad Katherine J. , Schultz Ryan S. , Oliver N. Bari , Langlois Daniel K. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundCopper associated hepatitis (CAH) has been increasingly recognized in dogs, and speculation exists that hereditary defects in copper metabolism have been exacerbated by increased environmental copper exposure. However, no broad epidemiological investigations have been performed to investigate quantitative hepatic copper concentrations ([Cu]H) over time in both dogs that are (predisposed breed [PB]), and are not (non‐predisposed breed [NPB]), considered at‐risk for CAH.ObjectivesTo investigate [Cu]Hin dogs and explore temporal, demographic, and histologic associations spanning 34 years.Animals546 archived liver specimens.MethodsRetrospective study. Searches of the Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory database identified dogs that had undergone hepatic histopathologic assessment. Cases with archived tissue were reviewed and classified by breed, time period, and presence or absence of hepatitis. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine [Cu]H.ResultsIn time period 2009–2015, median [Cu]Hwere 101 μg/g and 313 μg/g greater than median [Cu]Hin time period 1982–1988 for NPB and PB dogs, respectively (P< .001 for both comparisons). The proportion of dogs with [CU]H> 300 μg/g increased in NPB (28% to 49%) and PB dogs (48% to 71%) during these periods (P= .002 for both comparisons). Median [Cu]Hin dogs with hepatitis increased 3‐fold over time in both NPB (P= .004) and PB populations (P< .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe frequent recognition of CAH in recent years is likely due to the observed increases in [Cu]Hover time. Importantly, effects are not limited to PB dogs.
Assessment of eosinophils in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease of dogs
Authors: Bastan Idil , Rendahl Aaron K. , Seelig Davis , Day Michael J. , Hall Edward J. , Rao Savita P. , Washabau Robert J. , Sriramarao P. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAccurate identification of eosinophils in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of dogs with eosinophilic GI disease (EGID) by histological evaluation is challenging. The currently used hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining method detects intact eosinophils but does not detect degranulated eosinophils, thus potentially underrepresenting the number of infiltrating eosinophils.ObjectiveTo develop a more sensitive method for identifying and quantifying both intact and degranulated eosinophils to diagnose EGID more accurately.MethodsEndoscopically obtained paraffin‐embedded intestinal biopsy specimens from dogs with GI signs were examined. The study groups were dogs with eosinophilic enteritis (EE), lymphoplasmacytic and mixed enteritis, and control dogs with GI signs but no histologic changes on tissue sections. Consecutive sections were immunolabeled with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the eosinophil granule protein eosinophil peroxidase (Epx) and stained by H&E, respectively. The number of eosinophils was manually quantified and classified as intact or degranulated.ResultsThe number of intact eosinophils detected in Epx mAb‐labeled duodenal sections was significantly higher compared with that in H&E‐stained sections, with a similar relationship noted in the colon and stomach. The Epx mAb allowed the unique assessment of eosinophil degranulation. The number of intact and degranulated eosinophils was significantly higher in duodenal lamina propria of the EE and mixed group compared to the control group.ConclusionImmunohistochemical detection of Epx provides a more precise method to detect GI tract eosinophils compared to H&E staining and could be used as an alternative and reliable diagnostic tool for assessment of biopsy tissues from dogs with EGID.
Absence of olivine orientation fabric in highly shocked Martian dunite
Authors: Tkalcec B. J. , Brenker F. E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractShock is often given as the cause for many observations in meteorites due to the assumed previous exposure of most meteorites to at least one impact event that ultimately led to their ejection from their parent body. Here we present electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results on a substantially shocked dunitic achondrite, chassignite Northwest Africa (NWA) 8694, and question the general culpability of shock exposure for the formation of preferred orientation fabrics of meteoritic olivine crystals. Despite the ubiquitous presence of substantial shock indicators, the EBSD results for NWA 8694 reveal an absence of preferred orientation of olivine crystals, displaying instead an overall random fabric. We propose that the passage of shock waves through olivine crystals within a solid, crystalline, dunitic rock does not produce an overall preferred orientation, nor is it likely to actively form a whole‐rock random fabric but instead has likely no bearing on the formation of olivine orientation fabrics.
Capturing and Understanding Workers’ Activities in Far‐Field Surveillance Videos with Deep Action Recognition and Bayesian Nonparametric Learning
Authors: Luo Xiaochun , Li Heng , Yang Xincong , Yu Yantao , Cao Dongping 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecording workers’ activities is an important, but burdensome, management task for site supervisors. The last decade has seen a growing trend toward vision‐based activity recognition. However, recognizing workers’ activities in far‐field surveillance videos is understudied. This study proposes a hierarchical statistical method for recognizing workers’ activities in far‐field surveillance videos. The method consists of two steps. First, a deep action recognition method was used to recognize workers’ actions, and a new fusion strategy was proposed to consider the characteristics of far‐field surveillance videos. The deep action recognition method with the new fusion strategy has achieved the comparable performance (0.84 average accuracy) on the far‐field surveillance data set in contrast to the original method on the public data sets. Second, a Bayesian nonparametric hidden semi‐Markov model was innovatively used to model and infer workers’ activities based on action sequences. The latent states of the fitted Bayesian model captured workers’ activities in terms of state duration distributions and state transition distributions, which are indispensable for understanding workers’ time allocation. It has been preliminarily illustrated that the activity information learned by the Bayesian model possesses the potential to implement objective work sampling, personal physical fatigue monitoring, trade‐level health risk assessment, and process‐based quality control. Also, the limitations of this study are discussed.
Effect of electrode separation on high‐resolution impedance manometry catheters for ex vivo animal experiments
Authors: Ruiz‐Vargas Albert , Mohd Rosli Reizal , Wiklendt Lukasz , Arkwright John W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) catheters are used for esophageal reflux and bolus transit studies. Usually, these catheters have electrodes spaced at 20 mm intervals that are used for measuring electrical impedance between the consecutive electrodes and pressure sensors with 10 mm separation. Electrical impedance is a distributed measurement between the electrodes, unlike the point measurement of pressure sensors. Thus, the electrode separations affect the overall spatiotemporal resolution of the measurement.MethodsA 3D model of the gastrointestinal tract, in which bolus shape and size can be modified, was used to simulate the admittance signal response of an intraluminal impedance catheter with 10 and 20 mm electrode separation to study the distributed sensitivity in the lumen to gain insight on the impedance measurement. In addition, experiments on sections of rabbit proximal colon were conducted with two catheters with electrode separations of 10 and 20 mm to compare the experimental data with the simulated data.Key ResultsReducing electrode spacing from 20 to 10 mm increased sensitivity to diameter change by a factor of ten. Admittance and diameter correlated strongly during a myogenic contraction with a Pearson's Correlation Coefficient of 0.86 for the custom catheter, in comparison with 0.56 for the commercial HRIM catheter.ConclusionsTen millimeter electrode separation has a better spatiotemporal resolution, and unlike 20 mm electrode separation is able to identify myogenic contractions. Based on the numerical and experimental data, closer electrode separation should be considered for improved spatial resolution.
The RNA editing factor DUA1 is crucial to chloroplast development at low temperature in rice
Authors: Cui Xuean , Wang Yanwei , Wu Jinxia , Han Xiao , Gu Xiaofeng , Lu Tiegang , Zhang Zhiguo 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Low temperature stress hinders plant growth and chloroplast development and can limit the geographic range of cultivars. In rice, japonica cultivars have greater chilling tolerance than indica cultivars, but the molecular mechanism underlying chilling tolerance is unclear.

Here, we report an RNA‐binding protein, DUA1, cloned from the indica cultivar Dular, which exhibits a deficiency in chloroplast development at an early stage of development under low‐temperature conditions. DUA1 shares high sequence homology with the pentatricopeptide repeat family and functions in plastid RNA editing under low‐temperature conditions. Our data suggest that DUA1 can bind to the plastid‐encoded rps8‐182 transcript and disruption of DUA1 activity impairs editing.

The RNA editing cofactor WSP1, a partner of DUA1, also participates in chloroplast development at low temperature. Western blot analysis indicates that WSP1 enhances DUA1 stability under low temperatures.

DUA1 sequence analyses of rice core germplasm revealed that three major haplotypes of DUA1 and one haplotype showed substantial differences in chlorophyll content under low‐temperature conditions. Variation at DUA1 may play an important role in the adaptation of rice to different growing regions.
Embolism resistance drives the distribution of Amazonian rainforest tree species along hydro‐topographic gradients
Authors: Oliveira Rafael S. , Costa Flavia R. C. , van Baalen Emma , de Jonge Arjen , Bittencourt Paulo R. , Almanza Yanina , Barros Fernanda de V. , Cordoba Edher C. , Fagundes Marina V. , Garcia Sabrina , Guimaraes Zilza T. M. , Hertel Mariana , Schietti Juliana , Rodrigues‐Souza Jefferson , Poorter Lourens 
Published: October 2018

Summary

Species distribution is strongly driven by local and global gradients in water availability but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Vulnerability to xylem embolism (P50) is a key trait that indicates how species cope with drought and might explain plant distribution patterns across environmental gradients. Here we address its role on species sorting along a hydro‐topographical gradient in a central Amazonian rainforest and examine its variance at the community scale.

We measured P50 for 28 tree species, soil properties and estimated the hydrological niche of each species using an indicator of distance to the water table (HAND).

We found a large hydraulic diversity, covering as much as 44% of the global angiosperm variation in P50. We show that P50: contributes to species segregation across a hydro‐topographic gradient in the Amazon, and thus to species coexistence; is the result of repeated evolutionary adaptation within closely related taxa; is associated with species tolerance to P‐poor soils, suggesting the evolution of a stress‐tolerance syndrome to nutrients and drought; and is higher for trees in the valleys than uplands.

The large observed hydraulic diversity and its association with topography has important implications for modelling and predicting forest and species resilience to climate change.
Evolutionary and biogeographical shifts in response to the Late Ordovician mass extinction
Authors: Congreve Curtis R. , Krug Andrew Z. , Patzkowsky Mark E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Late Ordovician mass extinction was an interval of high extinction with inferred low ecological selectivity, resulting in little change in community structure after the event. In contrast, the mass extinction may have fundamentally changed evolutionary dynamics in the surviving groups. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships among strophomenoid brachiopods, a diverse brachiopod superfamily that was a primary component of Ordovician ecosystems. Four Ordovician families/subfamilies sampled in the analysis (Rafinesquinidae, Strophomeninae, Glyptomenidae and Furcitellinae) were reconstructed as monophyletic groups, and the base of the strophomenoid clade that dominated the Silurian recovery was reconstructed as diversifying alongside these families during the Middle Ordovician. We time‐calibrated the phylogeny and used geographical occurrences to investigate biogeographical changes in the strophomenoids through time with the R package BiogeoBEARS. Our results indicate that extinction was higher in taxa whose ranges were constrained to tropical or subtropical regions. Furthermore, our results suggest important shifts in the diversification patterns of these brachiopods after the mass extinction. While most of the strophomenoid families survived the Late Ordovician event, ecologically abundant taxonomic groups during the Ordovician were either driven to extinction, reduced in diversity, or slowly died off during the Silurian. The new abundant strophomenoid taxa derived from one clade (consisting of Silurian–Devonian groups such as Douvillinidae, Strophodontidae and Amphistrophiidae) that diversified during the post‐extinction radiation. Our results suggest the selective diversification during the Silurian radiation, rather than selective extinction in the Late Ordovician, had a greater impact on the evolutionary history of strophomenoid brachiopods.
Sexual activity and life satisfaction in older adults
Authors: Skałacka Katarzyna , Gerymski Rafał 
Published: October 2018

AimBased on the concept of successful ageing and research reports on the benefits of maintaining sexual activity in mid‐ to late life, the purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between global life satisfaction and sexual satisfaction in adults older than 60 years. The study also analyzed the relationship between various forms of sexual activity (genital and non‐genital) and both types of satisfaction.MethodsThirty‐three men and 50 women (N =83) were interviewed by using two structuralized questionnaires. Global life satisfaction was measured with Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale, whereas sexual satisfaction and preferences regarding various intimate behaviours (i.e. kissing, cuddling, touching partner's intimate body parts, penetration, and masturbation) were assessed with a questionnaire devised for the purpose of the study. Statistical analyses were conducted to verify the relationships among the variables, group differences, and the statistical significance of sexual satisfaction as a predictor of global life satisfaction.ResultsMost of the interviewed subjects have had engaged in sexual activity in the last 1–6 months before the study (60%). Participants declared that they mostly engage in subtle forms of sexual activity rather than having intercourse. The level of sexual activity of older adults was positively associated with both sexual and global life satisfaction, but different forms of intimacy had a different impact on satisfaction. Gender was not correlated with the level of sexual and global life satisfaction.ConclusionsSexual satisfaction was a good predictor of global life satisfaction in older adults in our study. The participants appeared less concerned with the frequency of their intimate activities and more with engaging in the type of behaviour they were able to enjoy, which shows that they were adapting to the ageing process and potential health issues.
Polling Bias and Undecided Voter Allocations: US Presidential Elections, 2004–2016
Authors: Bon Joshua J. , Ballard Timothy , Baffour Bernard 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAccounting for undecided and uncertain voters is a challenging issue for predicting election results from public opinion polls. Undecided voters typify the uncertainty of swing voters in polls but are often ignored or allocated to each candidate in a simple deterministic manner. Historically this may have been adequate because the undecided voters were sufficiently small to assume that they do not affect the relative proportions of the decided voters. However, in the presence of high numbers of undecided voters, these static rules may in fact bias election predictions from election poll researchers and metapoll analysts. We examine the effect of undecided voters in the 2016 US presidential election compared with the previous three presidential elections. We show that there were a relatively high number of undecided voters over the campaign and on election day, and that the allocation of undecided voters in this election was not consistent with two-party proportional (or even) allocations. We find evidence that static allocation regimes are inadequate for election prediction models and that probabilistic allocations may be superior. We also estimate the bias attributable to polling agencies, which is often referred to as ‘house effects’.
Anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis causing tracheal collapse in 4 small breed dogs
Authors: Thomer Amanda J. , Santoro Beer Kari A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe 4 cases of tracheal narrowing attributed to tracheal mucosal hemorrhage caused by anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity in breeds predisposed to tracheal collapse.Case SummaryOver the years 2005–2014, 4 dogs were presented for respiratory distress secondary to diffuse tracheal narrowing. All dogs had possible anticoagulant rodenticide ingestion and prolonged prothrombin time. All dogs received fresh‐frozen plasma transfusions, vitamin K1 supplementation, and supportive care. Tracheal narrowing improved on follow‐up radiographs in 3 of 4 patients. One of 4 did not have follow‐up radiographs performed. All dogs survived.New or Unique Information ProvidedAnticoagulant rodenticide toxicity causing clinical signs consistent with tracheal collapse is a rare but recognized phenomenon that has not been previously reported in breeds prone to tracheal collapse.
Preparation of free‐standing chitosan membranes for Chlorella vulgaris harvest and examination on suppression of algae‐fouling properties
Authors: Wu Peng , Wang Zhaokai , Liu Weiwei , Imai Masanao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFree‐standing chitosan membranes were prepared using genipin as crosslinker, using several molecular weights of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a void‐forming agent. The membrane surface formation and chitosan polymer chain crosslinking were confirmed through SEM and FTIR, respectively. The water flux was remarkably increased with increasing molecular weight of PEG employed in preparation of composite chitosan membrane (J∝[PEG(MW)]0.85), it appeared over 6000 Da of PEG. During Chlorella vulgaris harvest using chitosan membranes, focus was made on algae‐fouling caused by the deposition of cells and extracellular organic matter, and it was found that membranes employing lower molecular weight of PEG (under 10000 Da) had been maintaining the high flux recovery after alternating filtration cycles, in addition to PEG20000 containing membrane. The chitosan membrane prepared with lower molecular weight of PEG exhibited better suppression of algae‐fouling properties. The Chlorella vulgaris harvesting results indicated that cell rejection rate reached above 98%.
ParC and GyrA May Be Interchangeable Initial Targets of Some Fluoroquinolones in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Varon Emmanuelle , Janoir Claire , Kitzis Marie-Dominique , Gutmann Laurent 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

To evaluate the role of known topoisomerase IV and gyrase mutations in the fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
, we transformed susceptible strain R6 with PCR-generated fragments encompassing the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of
parC
or
gyrA
from different recently characterized FQ-resistant mutants. Considering the MICs of FQs and the GyrA and/or ParC mutations of the individual transformants, we found three levels of resistance. The first level was obtained when a single target, ParC or GyrA, depending on the FQ, was modified. An additional mutation(s) in a second target, GyrA or ParC, led to the second level. The highest increases in resistance levels were seen for Bay y3118 and moxifloxacin with the transformant harboring a double mutation in both ParC and GyrA. When a single modified target was considered, only the ParC mutation(s) led to an increase in the MICs of pefloxacin and trovafloxacin. In contrast, the GyrA or ParC mutation(s) could lead to increases in the MICs of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, grepafloxacin, Bay y3118, and moxifloxacin. These results suggest that the preferential target of trovafloxacin and pefloxacin is ParC, whereas either ParC or GyrA may both be initial targets for the remaining FQs tested. The contribution of the ParC and GyrA mutations to efflux-mediated FQ resistance was also examined. Active efflux was responsible for two- to fourfold increases in the MICs of ciprofloxacin for the transformants, regardless of the initial FQ resistance levels of the recipients.
Haemophilus influenzae
and
Moraxella catarrhalis
from Patients with Community-Acquired Respiratory Tract Infections: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (United States and Canada, 1997)
Authors: Doern Gary V. , Jones Ronald N. , Pfaller Michael A. , Kugler Kari ,   The Sentry Participants Group
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT

Between February and June of 1997, a large number of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of
Haemophilus influenzae
(
n
= 1,077) and
Moraxella catarrhalis
(
n
= 503) from 27 U.S. and 7 Canadian medical centers were characterized as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Overall prevalences of β-lactamase production were 33.5% in
H. influenzae
and 92.2% in
M. catarrhalis
with no differences noted between isolates recovered in the United States and those from Canada. Among a total of 21 different antimicrobial agents tested, including six cephalosporins, a β-lactamase inhibitor combination, three macrolides, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), rifampin, chloramphenicol, five fluoroquinolones, and quinupristin-dalfopristin, resistance rates of >5% with
H. influenzae
were observed only with cefaclor (12.8%) and TMP-SMX (16.2%).