bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Principles or templates? The antecedents and performance effects of cross‐border knowledge transfer
Authors: Oldroyd James B. , Morris Shad S. , Dotson Jeffrey P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryStrategic use of codified knowledge across borders can be a vital component for project‐based work. Analyzing 237 global consulting projects, we examine the performance effects of drawing upon different types of codified knowledge. We argue and find that using principle‐based forms of knowledge is likely to improve a project's customer responsiveness, whereas using template‐based knowledge increases a project's cost effectiveness. We also explore what drives project managers to select different forms of knowledge in the first place. Specifically, we find that manager experience drives knowledge principle use, whereas institutional distance drives knowledge template use. Taken together, our findings suggest that organizations need to carefully consider the performance implications of different types of codified knowledge that get used and understand what drives managers to use them.
Managerial SummaryManagers understand the importance of knowledge management systems for project‐based work. Efforts are often made to ensure that knowledge is codified and disseminated throughout the firm so employees can draw upon them to complete their projects. Unfortunately, however, such efforts often lead to stockpiles of information that remain untapped and underutilized. This study seeks to answer two questions. First, how can managers influence workers to utilize different types of codified knowledge in the first place? Second, do different types of codified knowledge have differential effects on performance? We find that increased individual experience drives the use of knowledge principles, whereas workers that are more distant are more likely to use knowledge templates. At the same time, we find that when individuals draw upon knowledge principles it increases the customer responsiveness of their projects, whereas the use of knowledge templates increases cost effectiveness. This suggests that project‐based firms should carefully consider codifying both knowledge templates as well as knowledge principles and consider how to incentivize workers to draw upon these different forms of knowledge.
The risk of being ranked: Investor response to marginal inclusion on the 100 Best Corporate Citizens list
Authors: Lewis Ben W. , Carlos W. Chad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryDespite the proliferation of lists and rankings that recognize firms for superior performance, empirical studies have been limited in their ability to causally evaluate how inclusion for the marginal firm influences shareholder value. We address this limitation by examining how investors responded to firms that were barely included or excluded from the 100 Best Corporate Citizens list. Contrary to prevailing theoretical expectations, our findings indicate that marginal firms that were included in the ranking experienced negative abnormal returns compared to marginal firms that were excluded. We discuss the theoretical implications of these findings and how they inspire future research questions for scholarship on rankings and status. We also discuss implications for managers that question whether and when being ranked results in financial benefits or liabilities.Managerial SummaryBecause being ranked is generally seen as an important strategic objective for companies, managers must carefully consider how much attention and resources to allocate toward this pursuit. Although existing research suggests that being ranked can be beneficial, we have a limited understanding about whether barely making a ranked list is worth the effort. We provide new insights for managers by showing that investors not only respond negatively to marginal inclusion on a ranking but also provide suggestions for how companies might counteract this effect. Specifically, our results suggest that making consistent, focused investments that are relevant to external stakeholders may buffer organizations from the potential negative effects of marginal inclusion on a ranking. These insights may also inspire managers to reconsider their firms' commitments to being ranked.
Equipment‐Free Quantitative Readout in Paper‐Based Point‐of‐Care Testing
Authors: Li Zedong , You Minli , Bai Yuemeng , Gong Yan , Xu Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEquipment‐free paper‐based devices with quantitative readout have gained considerable interests in recent years, due to the features of remarkable cheapness, prominent portability, and excellent user friendliness. These equipment‐free strategies have been demonstrated to be able to detect a variety of analytes with good performance, such as metal ions, nucleic acids, and cells, thus showing great potential for point‐of‐care testing in resource‐limited settings. In this review, the latest advances of equipment‐free quantitative readout strategies in paper‐based point‐of‐care testing are summarized, including distance‐based strategy, counting‐based strategy, time‐based strategy, and text‐based strategy. Each type of equipment‐free strategy is sequentially introduced and discussed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives are discussed.
Trace and bulk organics removal during ozone–biofiltration treatment for potable reuse applications
Authors: Sundaram Vijay , Pagilla Krishna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigated impact of ozone/biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration design and operational parameters on contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) and bulk organics removal over 450 days of operation. Two parallel BAC filters with identical media and influent were maintained, each at a different empty bed contact time of 10 and 20 min. This study captured the CEC removal performance of a BAC filter over an extended operational period after treating 65,000 bed volumes. Ozone system was operated at ozone dose to TOC ratio range of 0.9–2. Biofilter with lower EBCT (10 min) and exhausted media resulted in poor removals of Tris(2‐chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), sucralose, meprobamate, N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide (DEET), and cotinine. Biofilter with higher EBCT (20 min) and remaining adsorptive effects resulted in significant (84% or more) removal of all CECs that were detected in the ozonated effluent. Increasing both ozone dose and BAC EBCT resulted in increased removal of UV absorbance (UVA254). The evaluation of impact of ozone:TOC ratio and BAC EBCT on CEC removal, bulk organics (TOC), and UVA254 performed in this study confirmed the importance of these two parameters on overall success of nonreverse osmosis (RO) potable reuse projects.Practitioner points

Ozone–BAC biofiltration is feasible strategy for indirect potable reuse water reclamation.

Ozone–BAC empty bed contact time is a critical design parameter.

Adsorption and biodegradation are both important mechanisms for trace organic contaminant removal in BAC.
Will Healthy Eating Make You Happier? A Research Synthesis Using an Online Findings Archive
Authors: Veenhoven Ruut 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHealthy eating adds to health and thereby contributes to a longer life, but will it also add to a happier life? Some people do not like healthy food, and since we spend a considerable amount of our life eating, healthy eating could make their life less enjoyable. Is there such a trade-off between healthy eating and happiness? Or instead a trade-on, healthy eating adding to happiness? Or do the positive and negative effects balance? If there is an effect of healthy eating on happiness, is that effect similar for everybody? If not, what kind of people profit from healthy eating happiness wise and what kind of people do not? If healthy eating does add to happiness, does it add linearly or is there some optimum for healthy ingredients in one’s diet? I considered the results published in 20 research reports on the relation between nutrition and happiness, which together yielded 47 findings. I reviewed these findings, using a new technique. The findings were entered in an online ‘findings archive’, the World Database of Happiness, each described in a standardized format on a separate ‘findings page’ with a unique internet address. In this paper, I use links to these finding pages and this allows us to summarize the main trends in the findings in a few tabular schemes. Together, the findings provide strong evidence of a causal effect of healthy eating on happiness. Surprisingly, this effect is not fully mediated by better health. This pattern seems to be universal, the available studies show only minor variations across people, times and places. More than three portions of fruits and vegetables per day goes with the most happiness, how many more for what kind of persons is not yet established.
Undersown cover crops have limited weed suppression potential when reducing tillage intensity in organically grown cereals
Authors: Salonen J. , Ketoja E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Adoption of reduced tillage in organic cropping has been slow, partly due to concerns about increasing weed infestation. Undersown cover crops (CCs) are considered to be a feasible option for weed management but their potential for weed suppression is insufficiently investigated in low-till organic cropping. The possibilities to reduce primary tillage by introducing CCs to maintain weed infestation at a level that does not substantially jeopardize crop yield were studied in a field experiment in southern Finland during 2015–2017. Eight different CC mixtures were undersown in cereals and the response in weed occurrence was consecutively assessed in spring barley, winter wheat, and finally, as a subsequent effect, in spring wheat. Growth of CCs was too slow to prevent the flush of early emerging weeds in spring barley whereas in winter wheat, CCs succeeded in hindering the growth of weeds. However, CCs could not prevent the increase of perennial weeds in a reduced tillage system in which the early growth of spring wheat was retarded in cool 2017. Consequently, after 2 years of reduced tillage, weed biomass was about 2.6 times higher and spring wheat yield was 30% lower than in plowed plots, respectively. No major differences in weed control efficacy among CC treatments were evident. A grain yield benefit was recorded after repeated use of leguminous CCs. The need for long-term field studies remains of particular interest regarding post-harvest performance and influence of CCs on perennial weeds before the inversion tillage.
ON BLOOD, POWER, AND PUBLIC INTEREST: THE CONCEALMENT OF HINDU SACRIFICIAL RITES UNDER INDIAN LAW
Authors: Moodie Deonnie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCritiques of animal sacrifice in India have become increasingly strident over the past fifteen years. In the state of West Bengal, many of these critiques center on Kālīghāṭ, a landmark Hindu pilgrimage site in Kolkata where goats are sacrificed daily to the goddess Kālī. However, while similar critiques of this practice have resulted in many Indian states pushing to ban it—or enforce previous bans of it—no such legal action has been issued in West Bengal. Instead, in 2006, the Calcutta High Court ruled that this practice must be visually concealed at Kālīghāṭ. Drawing on modernist notions of cleanliness and public space, the bench argued that the blood and offal produced by this practice creates an inappropriate visual experience for visitors at a major pilgrimage and tourist site in this city. In the act of concealing sacrifice, the Calcutta High Court follows suit with courts across India in deeming the practice unmodern. Yet the Court's orders are defied daily by practitioners at Kālīghāṭ who seek physical and visual access to sacrificed animals and their blood. They believe Kālī desires that blood, and bestows her power and blessings through it. Fault lines in Hindu conceptions of power are dramatized here. The power of the courts is pitted against the power of the gods as Hindus debate the potency, necessity, and modernity of this practice.
Integrating heavy-mineral, geochemical and biomarker analyses of Plio-Pleistocene sandy and silty turbidites: a novel approach for provenance studies (Indus Fan, IODP Expedition 355)
Authors: Andò S , Aharonovich S , Hahn A , George SC , Clift PD , Garzanti E 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA multidisciplinary mineralogical, geochemical and biomarker study of Indus Fan sediments cored during International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 355 to the Laxmi Basin was carried out to define the different compositional signatures of sand, silt and clay. Upper Pliocene – lower Pleistocene turbidites from sites U1456 and U1457 were selected as the best candidates for this study. The integrated dataset presented here was obtained by coupling traditional and innovative bulk-sediment and single-mineral techniques on the same samples. Turbiditic deposits mostly consist of medium to fine silt, including rich and diverse heavy-mineral assemblages. Such a fine grain size forced us to push the limits of high-resolution quantitative heavy-mineral analysis down to as low as 5 μm. Heavy-mineral analysis allowed us to establish a Himalayan origin of the detritus in the studied turbidites. Heavy-mineral concentrations are higher in channel-fill than in overbank deposits. Mineralogical and geochemical data concur in revealing that fast-settling ultradense minerals such as zircon are preferentially concentrated in channel-fill deposits, whereas the top of overbank deposits are notably enriched with slow-settling platy phyllosilicates. Biomarker analysis represents a most suitable complementary technique that is able to investigate the provenance signature of the finer sediment fraction, largely consisting of clay. This technique allowed us to identify a largely terrigenous origin of organic matter at Site U1456 and an open marine origin at Site U1457. The latter site lies closer to the Laxmi Ridge, where thermal maturity increases with depth to reach the early oil window (127°C at c. 320 m below the seafloor).
Correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancy among women in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Adhikari Tara Ballav , Acharya Pawan , Rijal Anupa , Mapatano Mala Ali , Aro Arja R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnwanted and mistimed pregnancies impose threats on the health and well-being of the mother and child and limit the acquisition of optimal sexual and reproductive health services, especially in resource-constrained settings like the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies among women in the DRC. Data were drawn from the 2013–14 DRC Demographic Health Survey (EDS-RDC II). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies. Sequential logistic regression modelling including distal (place of residence), intermediate (socio-demographic and socioeconomic factors) and proximal (reproductive health and family planning) factors was performed using multivariate analysis. More than a quarter (28%) of pregnancies were reported as unintended (23% mistimed and 5% unwanted). Women who wanted no more children (aOR 1.21; CI: 1.01, 1.44) had less than 24 months of birth spacing (aOR 2.14; CI: 1.80, 2.54) and those who intended to use a family planning method (aOR 1.24; CI: 1.01, 1.52) reported more often that their last pregnancy was mistimed. Women with five or more children (aOR 2.13; CI: 1.30, 3.49), those wanting no more children (aOR 13.07; CI: 9.59, 17.81) and those with more than 48 months of birth spacing (aOR 2.31; CI: 1.26, 4.23) were more likely to report their last pregnancy as unwanted. The high rate of unintended pregnancies in the DRC shows the urgency to act on the fertility behaviour of women. The associated intermediate factors for mistimed and unwanted pregnancy indicate the need to accelerate family planning programmes, particularly for women of high parity and those who want no more children. Likewise, health promotion measures at the grassroots level to ensure women’s empowerment and increase women’s autonomy in health care are necessary to address the social factors associated with mistimed pregnancy.
Understanding the Resilience of Soil Moisture Regimes
Authors: Feng Maoyuan , Liu Pan , Cai Ximing , Wallington Kevin , Shi Liangsheng , Li Yu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResilience of soil moisture regimes (SMRs) describes the stability of a particular SMR and its ability to withstand disturbances. This study analyzes the resilience of SMRs with quantifiable ecological (ECO‐) and engineering (ENG‐) metrics for a stochastic dynamic soil moisture system. The SMR is defined by the stationary state, described by a stationary probability distribution function (pdf), of the soil moisture dynamical system, and further classified into arid, semiarid, semiwet, and wet classes. Applying the stationary pdf of soil moisture dynamics derived by Rodriguez‐Iturbe et al. (1999, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1999.0477) and Laio, Porporato, Ridolfi, et al. (2001, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309‐1708(01)00005‐7), the ENG‐ and ECO‐ resilience metrics of the various SMRs are quantified. We show that the recovery rate of soil moisture is a convex function of the expected soil moisture at the stationary state―the recovery rate reaches a minimum value at some intermediate soil moisture status. We also show that the maximum acceptable changes in the infiltration condition indicate the capacity of a system to avoid possible regime shifts. SMR shifts are characterized by phenomena of stagnation and hysteresis, which suggest two distinct thresholds for SMR shifts and their reversions. In particular, the semiwet SMR that is favorable to agriculture requires stricter infiltration conditions than other SMRs. This resilience analysis provides better understanding of how natural hydrological conditions control soil moisture, which helps provide guidance on maintaining SMRs suitable for agricultural activities and desertification prevention.
Extreme Conditions in the Bering Sea (2017–2018): Record‐Breaking Low Sea‐Ice Extent
Authors: Stabeno Phyllis J. , Bell Shaun W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe lowest winter‐maximum areal sea‐ice coverage on record (1980–2019) in the Bering Sea occurred in the winter of 2017/2018. Sea ice arrived late due to warm southerly winds in November. More typical northerly winds (albeit warm) in December and January advanced the ice, but strong, warm southerlies in February and March forced the ice to retreat. The cold pool (shelf region with bottom water < 2 °C) was the smallest on record, because of two related mechanisms: (1) lack of direct cooling in winter by melting sea ice and (2) weaker vertical stratification (no ice melt reduced the vertical salinity gradient) allowing surface heating to penetrate into the near bottom water during summer. February 2019 exhibited another outbreak of warm southerly winds forcing ice to retreat. The number of >31‐day outbreaks of southerly winds in winter has increased since 2016.
The Evolution and Role of Midtropospheric Cyclonic Vortex in the Formation of Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016)
Authors: Wu Shenglan , Fang Juan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBased on a successful cloud‐resolving simulation with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model, this study examines the evolution and the role of midtropospheric mesoscale cyclonic vortex in the formation of Super Typhoon Nepartak (2016). The midtropospheric vortex is correlated with the convective activity in pre‐Nepartak. Once the deep convection outbreaks, the midtropospheric vortex intensifies first via the vertical advection associated with the severe updrafts and then through the midlevel convergence associated with stratiform precipitation. As the stratiform precipitation dissipates, the midlevel vortex weakens slightly in the following shallow convection phase. The above‐described processes recur sequentially during the pregenesis of Nepartak, and the midtropospheric vortex demonstrates diurnal variations. Its intensification usually corresponds to the weakening of low‐level cyclonic circulation except for the deep convection phase, indicating that the development of midtropospheric vortex can inhibit the development of self‐sustained low‐level cyclonic circulation. Although the midtropospheric vortex is not always a quasi‐balanced perturbation, a cold core can be found in the lower troposphere below it during the most of the pregenesis stage. The appearance of the cold core enhances the low‐level temperature gradient around it, which favors convection burst. In addition, the closed cyclonic circulation associated with the midlevel vortex can serve as a pouch protecting the vorticity, moisture, and convection inside from the vertical wind shear and dry air intrusion when the low‐level and midlevel vortices are overlapped in the late pregenesis stage, which facilitates the sustained deep convection and the formation of Nepartak.
Seasonal Polar Temperatures on the Moon
Authors: Williams J.‐P. , Greenhagen B. T. , Paige D. A. , Schorghofer N. , Sefton‐Nash E. , Hayne P. O. , Lucey P. G. , Siegler M. A. , Aye K. Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has been acquiring visible and infrared radiance measurements of the Moon for nearly 10 years. These data have been compiled into polar stereographic maps of temperatures poleward of 80° latitude at fixed local times and fixed subsolar longitudes to provide an overview of diurnal temperatures of the polar regions. The data have been divided into winter and summer seasons, defined by the times of year when the subsolar latitude is above or below the equator, to characterize the variations in seasonal temperatures that result from the 1.54° angle between the Moon's spin pole and the ecliptic plane. Since the illumination in the polar regions is perpetually at grazing angles, topography plays a dominate role in surface temperatures. Consequently, the surface and near‐surface thermal environment can vary in complex ways with time of day and season, which produces areas that are seasonally shadowed for prolonged periods and that are much more extensive than the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs). We find that surfaces below 110 K capable of cold trapping water over 1 Gyr increases by factors of 2.8 and 4.3 in the winter for the south and north polar regions, respectively, with seasonal residence times of adsorbed water molecules occurring at higher temperatures and thus larger areas.