bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle-Derived Stem Cell–Enriched Scaffolds Are Capable of Enhanced Healing of a Murine Volumetric Muscle Loss Defect
Authors: Wang Howard D. , Lough Denver M. , Kurlander David E. , Lopez Joseph , Quan Amy , Kumar Anand R. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Volumetric muscle loss secondary to traumatic or surgical causes can lead to functional and aesthetic impairments. The authors hypothesize that an implantable muscle-derived stem cell–enriched collagen scaffold could significantly augment muscle regeneration in a murine model of volumetric muscle loss.

Methods:
Murine muscle-derived stem cells were isolated using a modified preplating technique and seeded onto type 1 collagen scaffolds to create the muscle-derived stem cell–enriched collagen scaffolds. Murine rectus femoris defects of 5 mm were created and randomized to one of three conditions (n = 6 per group): untreated controls, collagen scaffold only, and muscle-derived stem cell–enriched collagen scaffolds. In vivo muscle healing was quantified using micro–computed tomography. Muscle explants were analyzed using standard histology and whole-mount immunofluorescence at 8 weeks.

Results:
In vivo experiments demonstrated significantly greater quadriceps cross-sectional area in the muscle-derived stem cell–enriched collagen scaffold group compared with controls on micro–computed tomography (0.74 ± 0.21 versus 0.55 ± 0.06 versus 0.49 ± 0.04 ratio of experimental to naive quadriceps cross-sectional area; p < 0.05). Muscle explants of the muscle-derived stem cell–enriched collagen scaffold group demonstrated significantly higher cellular density compared with controls (1185 ± 360 versus 359 ± 62 versus 197 ± 68 nuclei/high-power field; p < 0.01). Immunofluorescence for laminin and myosin heavy chain confirmed formation of organized muscle fibers within the defect of the muscle-derived stem cell–enriched collagen scaffold group only. However, appreciable confocal colocalization of myosin heavy chain with green fluorescent protein expression was low.

Conclusions:
The results of this study indicate that muscle-derived stem cell–enriched scaffolds significantly improved skeletal muscle regeneration in a murine muscle defect model. Based on the low fluorescent colocalization, host progenitor cells appear to contribute significantly to intradefect myogenesis, suggesting that deployment of a viable muscle-derived stem cell–enriched scaffold stimulates a regenerative mitogen response in native tissues.
Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap: An Anatomical Study of the Correlation of the Superficial and the Deep Branches of the Artery and Evaluation of Perfusion from the Deep Branch to the Sartorius Muscle and the Iliac Bone
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Steinbacher Johannes , Meng Stefan , Hamscha Ulrike M. , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Tinhofer Ines E. , Harima Mitsunobu , Fuse Yuma , Yamamoto Takumi , Tzou Chieh Han John 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Harvesting the sartorius muscle and the iliac bone with a superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) perforator flap can be a challenging procedure. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical topology of the deep branch of the SCIA in fresh cadavers, which has not been reported in detail.

Methods:
Twenty groin regions from 10 fresh cadavers were dissected. The characteristics and landmarks of the SCIA system, including branches to the sartorius muscle and the iliac bone, were examined. Perfusion of the sartorius muscle and the iliac bone by means of the deep branch of the SCIA was evaluated with indocyanine green angiography and computed tomographic angiography.

Results:
The superficial and the deep branches were identifiable in all specimens. In 85 percent of the specimens, the bifurcation point could be seen within 2 cm from a fixed site: 6 cm from the pubic tubercle to the anterior superior iliac spine, and 3 cm caudal from that point. The deep branch in each case gave off branches to the sartorius muscle and the iliac bone. The cephalad portion of the sartorius muscle (up to 8 cm from the anterior superior iliac spine) and the superficial portion of the iliac bone (up to 1.5 cm from the iliac crest) were perfused by the deep branch of the SCIA.

Conclusions:
In all specimens, both the superficial branch and the deep branch of the SCIA were found. The deep branch was found consistently to give off perfusing branches to the sartorius muscle and the iliac bone.
Ultralow Dose Dynamic Expiratory Computed Tomography for Evaluation of Tracheomalacia
Authors: Cohen Stuart L. , Ben-Levi Eran , Karp Jason B. , Lazzaro Richard S. , Shah Amar , Rahmani Navid , Shah Rakesh D. 
Published: December 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to determine the average effective radiation dose and feasibility of ultralow dose dynamic expiratory computed tomography (CT) for evaluation of tracheomalacia (ULD) and to evaluate factors that impact image quality.

Methods
This is a retrospective study of 64 consecutive patients from September to October 2016 for the evaluation of tracheomalacia. All studies were performed with routine inspiration chest CT followed by ULD z(kilovoltage peak (kVp) 80, 100, or 120 and fixed milliamperage 10) or typical dose CT (TD) (kVp 100 or 120 with automated milliamperage) dynamic expiration CT. Image quality was considered diagnostic if the trachea area could be accurately measured for tracheomalacia assessment, and diagnostic studies were graded fair, good, or excellent. Scan length, image quality, and effective radiation dose were compared for ULD versus TD and ULD at 100 kVp versus ULD at 80 kVp. For ULD studies, patient factors were compared across image quality.

Results
The ULD had a mean effective radiation dose of 0.08 mSv, with all studies of diagnostic image quality. The ULD showed 95% reduction in effective radiation dose (P < 0.001), 14% significant reduction in scan length (P = 0.029), and qualitatively decreased image quality compared w2 ith TD (P < 0.001). The ULD at 100 kVp had significantly better image quality compared with ULD at 80 kVp (P = 0.041) with higher effective radiation dose (0.09 vs 0.05 mSv) (P < 0.001). Body mass index significantly impacted image quality for all ULD studies but not for ULD at 80 or 100 kVp.

Conclusion
For evaluation of tracheomalacia, ULD showed low effective radiation dose less than 0.1 mSv and maintained diagnostic image quality.
Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography in Comparison to Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breast Lesions
Authors: Xing Dong , Lv Yongbin , Sun Bolin , Xie Haizhu , Dong Jianjun , Hao Cuijuan , Chen Qianqian , Chi Xiaoxiao 
Published: December 2018

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value between contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) and breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast disease.

Methods
Two hundred thirty-five patients who were suspected of having breast abnormalities by clinical examination or mammography underwent CESM and MRI examination. Using histopathologic results as the criterion standard, the diagnostic performance of CESM and MRI was investigated. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were applied to analyze diagnostic efficiency. The Pearson correlation coefficients between CESM versus pathology and MRI versus pathology were calculated.

Results
Two hundred sixty-three breast lesions were found in 235 patients, in which 177 were malignant and 86 were benign. By evaluating the diagnostic value, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and false-negative rate from CESM examination were comparable to those from MRI (91.5%, 94.7%, 83.7%, and 8.5% vs 91.5%, 90.5%, 82.1%, and 8.5%). Importantly, the accuracy and the specificity were higher for CESM than those for MRI (81% and 89.5% vs 80.2% and 71.7%), whereas the false-positive rate was lower (10.5% vs 19.8%). The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves of CESM and MRI were 0.950 and 0.939, displaying the equivalent diagnostic efficiency (P = 0.48).
For the agreement between measurements, mean tumor sizes were 3.1 cm for CESM and 3.4 cm for MRI compared with 3.2 cm on histopathologic results. The Pearson correlation coefficient of CESM versus histopathology (r = 0.774, P = 0.000) was consistent with MRI versus histopathology (r = 0.771, P = 0.000).

Conclusions
Our results show better accuracy, specificity, and false-positive rate of CESM in breast cancer detection than MRI. Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography displayed a good correlation with histopathology in assessing the lesion size of breast cancer, which is consistent with MRI.
A model for spatiotemporal injury surveillance: implications for the evolution of a trauma system
Authors: Jansen Jan O. , Emerson Phil , Morrison Jonathan J. , Cornulier Thomas 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND
Geographic variations in case volume have important implications for trauma system configuration and have been recognized for some time. However, temporal trends in these distributions have received relatively little attention. The aim of this study was to propose a model to facilitate the spatiotemporal surveillance of injuries, using Scotland as a case study.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis of 5 years (2009–2013) of trauma incident location data. We analyzed the study population as a whole, as well as predefined subgroups, such as those with abnormal physiologic signs. To leverage sufficient statistical power to detect temporal trends in rare events over short time periods and small spatial units, we used a geographically weighted regression model.

RESULTS
There were 509,725 incidents. There were increases in case volume in Glasgow, the central southern part of the country, the northern parts of the Highlands, the Northeast, and the Orkney and Shetland Islands. Statistically significant changes were mostly restricted to major cities. Decreases in the number of incidents were seen in the Hebrides, Western Scotland, Fife and Lothian, and the Borders. Statistically significant changes were seen mostly in Fife and Lothian, the West, some areas of the Borders, and in the Peterhead area. Subgroup analyses showed markedly different spatiotemporal patterns.

CONCLUSIONS
This project has demonstrated the feasibility of population-based spatiotemporal injury surveillance. Even over a relatively short period, the geographic distribution of where injuries occur may change, and different injuries present different spatiotemporal patterns. These findings have implications for health policy and service delivery.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiologic study, level V.
Platelet dysfunction during trauma involves diverse signaling pathways and an inhibitory activity in patient-derived plasma
Authors: Verni Christopher C. , Davila Antonio , Balian Steve , Sims Carrie A. , Diamond Scott L. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND
Trauma-induced coagulopathy occurs in about 25% of injured patients and accounts for about 10% of deaths worldwide. Upon injury, hemostatic function may decline due to vascular dysfunction, clotting factor deficiencies, hyperfibrinolysis, and/or platelet dysfunction. We investigated agonist-induced calcium signaling in platelets obtained over time from trauma patients.

METHODS
Platelets from trauma patients and healthy donors were monitored via intracellular calcium mobilization and flow cytometry markers (α2bβ3 activation, P-selectin display, and phosphatidylserine exposure) following stimulation with a panel of agonists (adenosine 5′-diphosphate sodium salt, U46619, convulxin, PAR-1/4 activating peptides, iloprost) used in isolation or in pairwise tests. Furthermore, healthy donor platelets were tested in heterologous plasma isolated from healthy subjects and trauma patients.

RESULTS
When exposed to agonists over the first 24 hours postinjury, trauma patient platelets mobilized less calcium in comparison to healthy platelets. Partial recovery of platelet activity was observed in about a third of patients after 120 hours, although not fully obtaining healthy baseline function. Flow cytometry markers of trauma platelets were similar to healthy platelets prior to stimulation, but were depressed in trauma platelets stimulated with adenosine 5′-diphosphate sodium salt or convulxin. Also, washed healthy platelets showed a significant reduction in calcium mobilization when reconstituted in plasma from trauma patients, relative to healthy plasma, at all plasma doses tested.

CONCLUSION
Platelet dysfunction in trauma patients included poor response to multiple agonists relevant to hemostatic function. Furthermore, the inhibitor effect of patient plasma on healthy platelets suggests that soluble plasma species may downregulate endogenous or transfused platelets during trauma.
Accurate risk stratification for development of organ/space surgical site infections after emergent trauma laparotomy
Authors: Wei Shuyan , Green Charles , Kao Lillian S. , Padilla-Jones Brandy B. , Truong Van Thi Thanh , Wade Charles E. , Harvin John A. 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND
Organ/space surgical site infection (OS-SSI) develops frequently after trauma laparotomies and is associated with significant morbidity. No valid model exists to accurately risk-stratify the probability of OS-SSI development after emergent laparotomy. Risk stratification for OS-SSI in these patients could guide promising, but unproven, interventions for OS-SSI prevention, such as more frequent dosing of intraoperative antibiotics or direct peritoneal resuscitation. We hypothesize that in trauma patients who undergo emergent laparotomy, probability of OS-SSI can be accurately estimated using patient data available during the index operation.

METHODS
Retrospective review was performed on a prospectively maintained database of emergent trauma laparotomies from 2011 to 2016. Patient demographics and risk factors for OS-SSI were collected. We performed Bayesian multilevel logistic regression to develop the model based on a 70% training sample. Evaluation of model fit using area under the curve was performed on a 30% test sample. The Bayesian approach allowed the model to address clustering of patients within physician while implementing regularization to improve predictive performance on test data.

RESULTS
One hundred seventy-two (15%) of 1,171 patients who underwent laparotomy developed OS-SSI. Variables thought to affect development of surgical site infections and were available to the surgeon near the conclusion of the trauma laparotomy were included in the model. Two variables that contributed most to OS-SSIs were damage-control laparotomy and colon resection. The area under the curve of the predictive model validated on the test sample was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.71–0.85).

CONCLUSION
Using a combination of factors available to surgeons before the end of an emergent laparotomy, the probability of OS-SSI could be accurately estimated using this retrospective cohort. A Web-based calculator is under design to allow the real-time estimation of probability of OS-SSI intraoperatively. Prospective validation of its generalizability to other trauma cohorts and of its utility at the point of care is required.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level IV.
Management of duodenal trauma: A retrospective review from the Panamerican Trauma Society
Authors: Ferrada Paula , Wolfe Luke , Duchesne Juan , Fraga Gustavo P. , Benjamin Elizabeth , Alvarez Augustin , Campbell Andre , Wybourn Christopher , Garcia Alberto , Morales Carlos , Correa Julieta , Pereira Bruno M. , Ribeiro Marcelo , Quiodettis Martha , Peck Gregory , Salamea Juan C. , Kruger Victor F. , Ivatury Rao R. , Scalea Thomas 
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION
The operative management of duodenal trauma remains controversial. Our hypothesis is that a simplified operative approach could lead to better outcomes.

METHODS
We conducted an international multicenter study, involving 13 centers. We performed a retrospective review from January 2007 to December of 2016. Data on demographics, mechanism of trauma, blood loss, operative time, and associated injured organs were collected. Outcomes included postoperative intra-abdominal sepsis, leak, need for unplanned surgery, length of stay, renal failure, and mortality. We used the Research Electronic Data Capture tool to store the data. Poisson regression using a backward selection method was used to identify independent predictors of mortality.

RESULTS
We collected data of 372 patients with duodenal injuries. Although the duodenal trauma was complex (median Injury Severity Score [ISS], 18 [interquartile range, 2–3]; Abbreviated Injury Scale, 3.5 [3–4]; American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade, 3 [2–3]), primary repair alone was the most common type of operative management (80%, n = 299). Overall mortality was 24%. On univariate analysis, mortality was associated with male gender, lower admission systolic blood pressure, need for transfusion before operative repair, higher intraoperative blood loss, longer operative time, renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy, higher ISS, and associated pancreatic injury. Poisson regression showed higher ISS, associated pancreatic injury, postoperative renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy, the need for preoperative transfusion, and male gender remained significant predictors of mortality. Duodenal suture line leak was statistically significantly lower, and patients had primary repair over every American Association for the Surgery of Trauma grade of injury.

CONCLUSIONS
The need for transfusion prior to the operating room, associated pancreatic injuries, and postoperative renal failure are predictors of mortality for patients with duodenal injuries. Primary repair alone is a common and safe operative repair even for complex injuries when feasible.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, level IV.
Chemogenetic ligands for translational neurotheranostics
Authors: Bonaventura Jordi , Eldridge Mark A. , Hu Feng , Gomez Juan L. , Sanchez-Soto Marta , Abramyan Ara M. , Lam Sherry , Boehm Matthew , Ruiz Christina , Farrell Mitchell , Moreno Andrea , Faress Islam Mustafa Galal , Andersen Niels , Lin John Y. , Moaddel Ruin , Morris Patrick , Shi Lei , Sibley David R. , Mahler Stephen V. , Nabavi Sadegh , Pomper Martin G. , Bonci Antonello , Horti Andrew G. , Richmond Barry J. , Michaelides Michael 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDesigner Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) are a popular chemogenetic technology for manipulation of neuronal activity in uninstrumented awake animals with potential for precision medicine-based clinical theranostics. DREADD ligands developed to date are not appropriate for such translational applications. The prototypical DREADD agonist clozapine N-oxide (CNO) lacks brain entry and converts to clozapine. The second-generation DREADD agonist, Compound 21 (C21), was developed to overcome these limitations. We found that C21 has low brain penetrance, weak affinity, and low in vivo DREADD occupancy. To address these drawbacks, we developed two new DREADD agonists, JHU37152 and JHU37160, and the first dedicated positron emission tomography (PET) DREADD radiotracer, [18F]JHU37107. JHU37152 and JHU37160 exhibit high in vivo DREADD potency. [18F]JHU37107 combined with PET allows for DREADD detection in locally-targeted neurons and at their long-range projections, enabling for the first time, noninvasive and longitudinal neuronal projection mapping and potential for neurotheranostic applications.
EpiSmokEr: A robust classifier to determine smoking status from DNA methylation data
Authors: Bollepalli Sailalitha , Korhonen Tellervo , Kaprio Jaakko , Ollikainen Miina , Anders Simon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSelf-reported smoking status is prone to misclassification due to under-reporting, while biomarkers like cotinine can only measure recent exposure. Smoking strongly influences DNA methylation, with current, former and never smokers exhibiting different methylation profiles. Recently, two approaches were proposed to calculate scores based on smoking-responsive DNA methylation loci, to serve as reliable indicators of long-term exposure and potential biomarkers to estimate smoking behavior. However, these two methodologies need significant improvements to make them globally applicable to all populations and to achieve an optimal classification of individuals with unknown smoking habits. To advance the practical applicability of the smoking-associated methylation signals, we used machine learning methodology to train a classifier for smoking status prediction. We show the prediction performance of our classifier on three independent whole-blood test datasets demonstrating its robustness and global applicability. Furthermore, we show the cross-tissue functionality of our classifier in tissues other than blood. Additionally, we provide the community with an R package,EpiSmokEr, facilitating implementation of our classifier to predict smoking status in future studies.
Ancestral and offspring nutrition interact to affect life history traits inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Deas Joseph B. , Blondel Leo , Extavour Cassandra G. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAncestral environmental conditions can impact descendant phenotypes through a variety of epigenetic mechanisms. Previous studies on transgenerational effects inDrosophila melanogastersuggest that parental nutrition may affect the body size, developmental duration, and egg size of the next generation. However, it is unknown whether these effects on phenotype remain stable across generations, or if specific generations have general responses to ancestral diet. In the current study, we examined the effect on multiple life history phenotypes of changing diet quality across three generations. Our analysis revealed unforeseen patterns in how phenotypes respond to dietary restriction. Our generalized linear model showed that when considering only two generations, offspring phenotypes were primarily affected by their own diet, and to a lesser extent by the diet of their parents or the interaction between the two generations. Surprisingly, however, when considering three generations, offspring phenotypes were primarily impacted by their grandparents’ diet and their own diet. Interactions amongst different generations’ diets affected development time, egg volume, and pupal mass more than ovariole number or wing length. Further, pairwise comparisons of diet groups from the same generation revealed commonalities in strong responses to rich vs. poor diet: ovariole number, pupal mass, and wing length responded more strongly to poor diet than to rich diet, while development time responded strongly to both rich and poor diets. To improve investigations into the mechanisms and consequences of transgenerational, epigenetic inheritance, future studies should closely examine how phenotypes change across a higher number of generations, and consider responses to broader variability in diet treatments.