bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human mitochondrial DNA is extensively methylated in a non-CpG context
Authors: Patil Vibha , Cuenin Cyrille , Chung Felicia , Aguilera Jesus R Rodriguez , Fernandez-Jimenez Nora , Romero-Garmendia Irati , Bilbao Jose Ramon , Cahais Vincent , Rothwell Joseph , Herceg Zdenko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction plays critical roles in cancer development and related therapeutic response; however, exact molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Recently, alongside the discovery of mitochondrial-specific DNA methyltransferases, global and site-specific methylation of the mitochondrial genome has been described. Investigation of any functional consequences however remains unclear and debated due to insufficient evidence of the quantitative degree and frequency of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) methylation. This study uses WGBS to provide the first quantitative report of mtDNA methylation at single base pair resolution. The data show that mitochondrial genomes are extensively methylated predominantly at non-CpG sites. Importantly, these methylation patterns display notable differences between normal and cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of DNA methyltransferase enzymes resulted in a marked global reduction of mtDNA methylation levels, indicating these enzymes may be associated with the establishment and/or maintenance of mtDNA methylation. DNMT3B knockdown cells displayed a comparatively pronounced global reduction in mtDNA methylation with concomitant increases in gene expression, suggesting a potential functional link between methylation and gene expression. Together these results demonstrate reproducible, non-random methylation patterns of mtDNA and challenge the notion that mtDNA is lowly methylated. This study discusses key differences in methodology that suggest future investigations must allow for techniques that assess both CpG and non-CpG methylation.
The National Audit Office and the Select Committee System 1979–2019
Authors: Midgley Henry 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This is the first account of the relationship between select committees and the National Audit Office (NAO). The relationship has been often dismissed, but this article argues that it has been vital for the success of the committee system. Initially, both the committees and the audit office were established to strengthen the scrutiny of public administration. Despite the intentions of the early reformers, they did not initially collaborate. In the 1990s and 2000s, early reluctance gave way to enthusiastic collaboration between the two institutions. Initially, this collaboration focussed on financial and environmental scrutiny, but it has since expanded as the auditors have gained more confidence and the committees more familiarity with their work. Now the NAO advises committees on subjects such as European Union exit, which it would have never discussed with them only 40 years previously. This article provides both an account of that collaboration and an explanation for why the NAO and the committees have become so closely associated.
For Wales, Do Not See England? An Analysis of the 2017 General Election
Authors: McAllister Laura , Awan-Scully Roger 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article analyses the 2017 UK General Election from the perspective of the campaign and results in Wales, a nation which had the most interesting election campaign of all the different nations. The election saw a stark contrast between the way the two principal UK-wide parties fought their campaigns and how the campaign impacted on results. Drawing on data from a post-election survey conducted in June 2017, we consider factors that shape voter choice, which affected the outcome of the election in Wales. We argue that the election internalised and reflected a new pattern of party politics that is likely to stimulate differential election outcomes across the UK; this requires a different approach to understanding election campaigns, one that differentiates between the nations and how every political party operates in each territory. This will help distinguish different political and electoral fault lines, as well as constructing a more granular analysis of the campaign’s impact on electoral outcomes. We conclude first that, to better and more comprehensively explain UK-wide elections, there is a need to provide distinctive national and regional analyses, and secondly, it is mistaken to assume that the same electoral patterns will always exist in Wales as in England.
Collaboration Risk and the Choice to Consolidate Local Government Services
Authors: Hansen Katy , Mullin Megan , Riggs Erin K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Collaboration among local governments occurs through a range of mechanisms, which vary in degree of formality from contracts and ad hoc agreements to full consolidation. Prior work indicates that local decision makers favor formal mechanisms when expected gains from less formal collaboration may not be realized. This article explicates the concept of collaboration risk, treating it as a product of the likelihood that collaboration fails and the severity of consequences should failure occur. We examine how characteristics of a local service contribute to collaboration risk and thereby influence the choice to consolidate service delivery. Focusing on the case of drinking water provision, we identify physical and financial features of service delivery that contribute to the likelihood and severity of collaboration failure. Drawing on seven case studies of water system consolidation, we then analyze the importance of these service characteristics in the choice to enter into consolidation agreements.
Super heat kernel and one-loop divergence of super Yang–Mills theory in conformal supergravity
Authors: Leung Ka-Hei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We consider super Yang–Mills (SYM) theory in $N=1$ conformal supergravity. Using the background field method and the Faddeev–Popov procedure, the quantized action of the theory is presented. Its one-loop effective action is studied using the heat kernel method. We shall develop a non-iterative scheme, generalizing the non-supersymmetric case, to obtain the super heat kernel coefficients. In particular, the first three coefficients, which govern the one-loop divergence, will be calculated. We shall also demonstrate how to schematically derive the higher-order coefficients. The method presented here can be readily applied to various quantum theories. We shall, as an application, derive the full one-loop divergence of SYM in conformal supergravity.
Heroines of the Ballot: The Gender Gap and the Costs of Voting
Authors: Santana Andrés , Aguilar Susana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe focus on the effect of gender upon the costs of voting (C). With the aid of the Making Electoral Democracy Work dataset, we unveil a systematic gender gap whereby women always perceive higher C than men. This gap holds for the whole sample and each of the countries, remains after controlling for a wealth of factors, and is robust to changes in the specification of the models. The gender gap is attenuated only by education and widens with the presence of children and political interest. Important normative questions related to the principle of political equality arise from this gap.
19Digital Humanities
Authors: Mandal Anthony 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter examines material published in the field of the digital humanities (DH) in 2018, all of which explores the relationship between the digitalized present and its pre-digital past(s). In one publication, Friending the Past: The Sense of History in the Digital Age, Alan Liu notes: ‘The signal sense of history […] is not just like a plot on a radar scope. It is like the unfolding epic plot of Tolstoy’s War and Peace’ (p. 157). As political scandals over the use of social media and the role of cyber-targeting to influence electoral outcomes continue to dominate the news, it is becoming increasingly evident that not only are social media ushering in an era in which we are alienated from our personal data, but that today’s digitalized world builds on and replicates pre-digital hegemonic structures. Books by Andrew Piper and Alan Liu discuss ways in which scholars can approach the complexities and challenges of literary tradition and historical transmutation through the application of computational methods and digital tools. Discussion then turns to the ways in which digital practices have converged with wider cultural and political developments since the second half of the twentieth century. Lee Humphreys examines this transformation through the traces that we leave as the record of our daily lives while on social media, while Felix Stalder considers how such practices have wider ramifications as symptoms of a ‘digital condition’, for good and ill. Exploring the pressure points of the digital condition more closely, Safiya Umoja Noble scrutinizes the ways in which algorithmic processes, notably those that drive Google’s search engine, are shaped by and sustain discriminatory regimes at the expense of vulnerable minorities. Finally, Roopika Risam’s critique interrogates the field of the digital humanities itself, which—notwithstanding good intentions—remains dominated by the Global North and is at risk of perpetuating the very power structures that it seeks to dismantle.
Prospective Observational Investigation of Capnography and Pulse Oximetry Monitoring After Cesarean Delivery With Intrathecal Morphine
Authors: Weiniger C.F. , Akdagli S. , Turvall E. , Deutsch L. , Carvalho B. 
Published: August 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128:513–522)
Neuraxial morphine in low dosages is commonly used to provide high-quality analgesia to women after cesarean delivery. However, postoperative respiratory depression remains a concern, with reported incidences ranging from 0 to 32%. Inadequacy of ventilation and apneas can reliably be detected via capnography but current monitoring relies predominantly on pulse oximetry. No study has evaluated capnography use in women after cesarean delivery. Therefore, in the present study, the authors used capnography to estimate the number of “apnea alert events” (AAEs) in women who underwent cesarean delivery with spinal anesthesia that included 150 µg of intrathecal morphine.
Increasing the Participation of Pregnant Women in Clinical Trials
Authors: Heyrana K. , Byers H.M. , Stratton P. 
Published: August 2019

(JAMA. 2018;320:Number 20)
Pregnant women are considered a “vulnerable” population in research and are often excluded from trials by institutional review boards and study investigators even when they may benefit from study interventions. This has led to >80% of pregnant patients routinely prescribed medications that have not been studied in pregnancy. It is mostly unknown which medications could cause harm, which interventions are effective, or whether treatment can safely be delayed until after pregnancy. The authors argue to improve the health of pregnant women and their fetuses, they need to be appropriately enrolled in clinical research so that decisions can be based on evidence-based medicine.
Preeclampsia and Risk of Dementia Later in Life: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Basit S. , Wohlfahrt J. , Boyd H.A. 
Published: August 2019

(BMJ. 2018;363:k4109)
Vascular dysfunction plays an important role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, and women with a history of preeclampsia face an increased risk of other cardiovascular disorders after pregnancy, including hypertension and stroke. Given these associations, women with preeclampsia might also be at increased risk of developing dementia. Previous studies that have investigated the association between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and dementia later in life have had limitations such as being underpowered and dependent on self-reported information. This current study used a large register-based national cohort to compare the risk of dementia between women with and without a history of preeclampsia.
Term Pregnant Patients have Similar Gastric Volume to Nonpregnant Females: A Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Van de Putte P. , Vernieuwe L. , Perlas A. 
Published: August 2019

(Br J Anaesth. 2019;122(1):79–85. Doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.07.025)
Current studies suggest that gastric emptying time is not prolonged in pregnancy. However, these data come from small samples. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during obstetric anesthesia remains a concern. In the present study, authors assessed the range of gastric fluid volume in fasted nonlaboring term pregnant patients and fasted nonpregnant female patients scheduled for surgery.
Neuroinflammation in the Developing Brain: Risk Factors, Involvement of Microglial Cells, and Implication for Early Anesthesia
Authors: Baud O. , Saint-Faust M. 
Published: August 2019

(Anesth Analg. 2019;128(4):718–725. Doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000004032)
Microglia, permanent macrophages in the central nervous system, play a neuroprotective role but also a neurotoxic role when a developing brain is exposed to abnormal perinatal events, such as general anesthesia, surgery or analgesic drugs. These events may have adverse effects on maturation and plasticity. In order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the potential adverse effects of microglial functions, the regulation of microglial activation in the brain and anesthetic interactions should be further investigated. This article reviewed the most common situations associated with neuroinflammation and exacerbated systemic inflammation in infants along with the dual role of microglia in the resulting brain damage.
Nocturnal Desaturation Early After Delivery: Impact of Delivery Type and the Beneficial Effects of Fowler’s Position
Authors: Fujita N. , Grabitz S.D. , Shin C.H. , Hess P.E. , Eikermann M. 
Published: August 2019

(Br J Anaesth. 2019;122:e64–e66)
The authors of the present study previously reported that 20% of women experience obstructive sleep apnea episodes in the immediate postpartum period. They have also found that women sleeping in a 45-degree elevated upper body position, rather than supine, may have significantly reduced apnea-hypopnea indices. Subsequently, in this article, the authors reported on their continuing investigation, which evaluates the impact of delivery type on nocturnal oxygenation and the potential influence of elevated upper body position.
Risk of Repeat Cesarean Delivery in Women Undergoing Trial of Labor: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Wollmann C.L. , Ahlberg M. , Saltvedt S. , Johansson K. , Elvander C. , Stephansson O. 
Published: August 2019

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:1524–1529)
As the rate of cesarean delivery (CD) has increased worldwide, trial of labor after one cesarean delivery (TOLAC) is often recommended for limiting the incidence of CD. Both elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD) and TOLAC carry maternal and neonatal risks. Compared with ERCD, cesarean delivery following TOLAC is associated with increased risks of blood transfusion, hysterectomy, and endometritis. TOLAC itself is associated with a low but increased risk of uterine rupture. Previous studies have estimated the likelihood of successful VBAC after TOLAC in relation to maternal characteristics. These studies, though, have yielded contradictory results and study sizes have been limited. This study aimed to investigate the risk of TOLAC resulting in CD based on cervical dilation during labor for the first CD as well as the indication for the first CD.
Prepregnancy and Early Pregnancy Calcium Supplementation Among Women at High Risk of Preeclampsia: A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Hofmeyr G.J. , Betrán A.P. , Singata-Madliki M. , Cormick G. , Munjanja S.P. , Fawcus S. , Mose S. , Hall D. , Ciganda A. , Seuc A.H. , Lawrie T.A. , Bergel E. , Roberts J.M. , von Dadelszen P. , Belizán J.M. 
Published: August 2019

(Lancet. 2019;393:330–339)
Approximately 14% of maternal deaths worldwide are directly caused by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia. On the basis of surprisingly low rates of preeclampsia in low-income countries with high-calcium diets, it has been suggested that calcium deficiency may be linked to preeclampsia and several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have tested the hypothesis that calcium supplementation may prevent preeclampsia. One study found reductions in the severity of preeclampsia, maternal morbidity and mortality and neonatal mortality, but no significant effect on preeclampsia prevalence. A meta-analysis of 13 RCTs found that calcium supplementation decreased preeclampsia rates by approximately half, but one limitation was small sample sizes of the studies included. This current study aimed to determine whether calcium supplementation before pregnancy and during the first half of pregnancy would reduce the development of preeclampsia in women who experienced preeclampsia or eclampsia in a previous pregnancy.
Pharmacokinetics of Amlodipine Besylate at Delivery and During Lactation
Authors: Morgan J.L. , Kogutt B.K. , Meek C. , Stehel E.K. , McIntire D.D. , Sheffield J.S. , Roberts S.W. 
Published: August 2019

(Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018;11:77–80. Doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2018.01.002)
The management of chronic hypertension, which affects ~5% of all US pregnancies, requires careful balance. While many drugs used to treat hypertension have been well-studied, there is a lack of options that have been adequately studied during pregnancy and lactation. Amlodipine is an ideal option for use in pregnancy due to its long half-life, infrequent dosing, low cost and positive side-effect profile, but more data are needed on its use in pregnant and lactating patients and whether it crosses the placenta. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of amlodipine besylate in a population of pregnant women during delivery and postpartum lactation.
Insertion of an Intrathecal Catheter Following a Recognized Accidental Dural Puncture Reduces the Need for an Epidural Blood Patch in Parturients: An Australian Retrospective Study
Authors: Rana K. , Jenkins S. , Rana M. 
Published: August 2019

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2018;36:11–16)
Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common complications associated with obstetric epidural analgesia, It can be particularly debilitating for new mothers who have to deal with the responsibilities of a newborn and can lead to longer hospital stays after delivery. In addition, some studies have reported that approximately one quarter of parturients who have a PDPH ultimately develop chronic headaches. While some have proposed inserting an intrathecal catheter (ITC) at the time of an accidental dural puncture (ADP) as a means of preventing PDPH and the need for an epidural blood patch (EBP), the efficacy of this management strategy remains unclear. There have been studies reporting a reduction in PDPH and EBP but others have not found these beneficial effects. This study aimed to investigate whether the insertion of an ITC after ADP reduced the rate of PDPH and need for EBP in obstetric patients. They also evaluated whether the length of time the ITC was in place (<24 or >24 h) affected the efficacy of the treatment.
Livebirth After Uterus Transplantation From a Deceased Donor in a Recipient With Uterine Infertility
Authors: Ejzenberg D. , Andraus W. , Carelli Mendes L.R.B. , Ducatti L. , Song A. , Tanigawa R. , Rocha-Santos V. , Arantes R.M. , Soares J.M. , Serafini P.C. , de Paiva Haddad L.B. , Francisco R.P. , D’Albuquerque L.A. , Baracat E.C. 
Published: August 2019

(Lancet. 2018;392:2697–2704)
The first reported successful childbirths after uterus transplant occurred in Sweden in 2013. Since then, only 2 centers (1 in the US and 1 in Sweden) have published reports of livebirths from uterus transplants, with all using live donors. While the use of deceased donors could increase the availability of uterus transplants, one previous transplant from a deceased donor in Turkey resulted in a pregnancy that ended in miscarriage. This report detailed the first reported case of a successful livebirth following a uterus transplant from a deceased donor.
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Shocks and Psychological Distress
Authors: Lee Kyoung Suk , Kim Jun Hyung , Kang Ki-Woon , Miller Jennifer , McEvedy Samantha M. , Hwang Seon Young , Moser Debra K. 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Although the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has a survival benefit for the prevention of sudden cardiac death, ICD recipients commonly experience emotional distress as a consequence of ICD shocks.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between ICD shocks and psychological distress (anxiety and depressive symptoms) is mediated by ICD-related concerns and perceived control among ICD recipients.

Methods:
This was a multinational cross-sectional observational study of 334 ICD recipients. Patients reported the number of shocks received since ICD implantation and completed questionnaires to assess anxiety, depressive symptoms, ICD-related concerns, and perceived control. A path analysis was conducted to explore the relationship of receiving ICD shocks with anxiety and depressive symptoms and the mediating effects of ICD-related concerns and perceived control.

Results:
Of the 334 ICD recipients, 39.2% experienced ICD shocks at least once since implantation. There was no direct effect of ICD shocks on anxiety and depressive symptoms. Experiencing ICD shocks was indirectly associated with an increased likelihood of anxiety and depressive symptoms via the pathways of ICD-related concerns and perceived control (indirect effects on anxiety = 0.060, 0.043; indirect effect on depressive symptoms = 0.025, 0.073).

Conclusion:
Experiencing defibrillator shocks was associated with psychological distress in ICD recipients; the relationship was fully mediated by ICD-related concerns and perceived control. These results suggest that clinicians should routinely assess ICD-related concerns and perceived control in patients with ICD. Research is needed to develop and test interventions to decrease emotional distress related to the ICD shock experience.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma arising from the kidney
Authors: Liu Yuhui , Liu Ailian , Wu Jingjun , Liu Tieli 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Primary renal epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EH) is a rare vascular tumor with intermediate biologic behavior and metastatic potential, and it is extremely rare and has only 4 cases in the current literatures.

Patient concerns:
We reported a 30-year-old woman who had a 3-month history of gross hematuria and aggravated for half a month. The imaging examination showed a cystic lesion in the mid pole of the left kidney pelvicaliceal.

Diagnoses:
The diagnosis was confirmed according to the specific anatomical location and pathological examination which was proved as EH.

Interventions:
The patient underwent ureteroscopy and partial left nephrectomy.

Outcomes:
Her postoperative condition was good without complications. No clinical evidence of local recurrence or metastatic disease was found during 6 months of follow-up clinical and ultrasound examinations. In addition, laboratory tests, including a urine examination, were normal.

Lessons:
Renal EH is a rare low-grade malignant tumor with characteristic histological structure. Locally excision has been considered as the optimal treatment and regular follow-up is necessary. Our present study reviewed the clinical and biological information of previous cases which were diagnosed as renal EH and we supplemented more data for further study.