bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CASE FOR INTERNATIONAL LEGAL PERSONALITY OF CITIES AND LOCAL SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
Authors: VIJAY ANIRUDH 
Published: July 2019

In 2008, with half of the world?s population comprised of homo urbanus(or urban dwellers)[1], there was a growing realization that cities have become the most prominent site for de-nationalization that runs in congruence to rising globalization.[2] In fact, authors claim that even globalization has a defined locus, which is the city.[3]Cities are reconfiguring their relations with other cities and global institutions in a bid to secure relevance. Cities are rapidly asserting their influence on the international legal order, which does not formally accept these entities as international persons. The paper advances a case for recognizing the international legal personality of these sub-national units, using different theoretical approaches to international personality, including human rights and sociological-constructivist approaches. This paper also seeks to analyze the rights and duties of cities in international law, their de facto recognition in the international framework, as well as the development of international principles governing cities.

[1]Alex Awiti, Building Cities for a Bulging World [analysis],Urban Gateway, http://www.urbangateway.org/content/news/building-cities-bulging-world-analysis

[2]SaskiaSassen, Territory, Authority, Rights31 (2006)

[3]SaskiaSassen, The global city: New York, London, Tokyo324 (1991)
A case of a severe reaction following the use of bisphosphonates in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Park Julie , Riordan Andrew , Bishop Nicholas J. , Dharmaraj Poonam , Ramakrishnan Renuka 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present a case of an unusual delayed multi-systemic reaction, following treatment with pamidronate. Although serious adverse reactions have been reported with pamidronate use, such a severe reaction, late in the course of pamidronate treatment, has not been described before. An 11-month-old boy with severe and complex osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) presented with hyperpyrexia and respiratory distress 10 days after his fifth cycle of pamidronate. He had significant derangement of his biochemical parameters including a positive urine myoglobin. His respiratory distress was out of proportion to his chest radiograph changes. Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) and paediatric intensive care (PICU) admission were required. He was extensively investigated to exclude other diagnoses, but all of these investigations were negative. The reaction resembled rhabdomyolysis. He made a full recovery with only supportive management.
Current issues in conditionals
Authors: Liu Mingya 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The concept of conditionality is central to human thought and action. Conditionals are thus a widely studied topic in cognitive science. The present paper introduces the main topics addressed in this special issue and aims to provide a non-exhaustive overview of the recent research on grammatical aspects of conditionals (i.e. morphosyntax, semantics and pragmatics) and conditional reasoning.
Adverbial clauses and V3
Authors: Csipak Eva 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper discusses word order effects in German adverbial clauses: often, the matrix clause can exhibit either V2 or V3 word order. I argue that adverbial clauses with V3 word order have an obligatory ‘biscuit’ interpretation and receive a speech act modifying interpretation, as has previously only been argued for ‘biscuit conditionals’. I show that this phenomenon holds more generally. On the other hand, a pragmatic analysis for V2 biscuit conditionals remains necessary.
The elastic nonveridicality property of indicative conditionals
Authors: Liu Mingya 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Indicative conditionals are known to have the semantic property of nonveridicality, that is, they do not entail the truth of the antecedent. In this paper, I argue that the nonveridicality property of indicative conditionals is elastic in that it can be affected by the choice of conditional connectives and negative polarity items. Two experiments are reported, one on German and the other on English. They show that in both languages, the presence of negative polarity items conveys a weakened speaker commitment towards the antecedent, although there is cross-linguistic variation concerning the effect of conditional connectives.
Stability property of the prey free equilibrium point
Authors: Yue Qin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We revisit a prey-predator model with stage structure for predator, which was proposed by Tapan Kumar Kar. By using the differential inequality theory and the comparison theorem of the differential equation, we show that the prey free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable under some suitable assumption. Our study shows that although the predator species has other food resource, if the amount of the predator species is too large, it could also do irreversible harm to the prey species, and this could finally lead to the extinction of the prey species. Our result supplement and complement some known results.
Fixed Points of Meromorphic Functions and Their Higher Order Differences and Shifts
Authors: Chen Hai-Ying , Zheng Xiu-Min 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the relationships between fixed points of meromorphic functions, and their higher order differences and shifts, and generalize the case of fixed points into the more general case for first order difference and shift. Concretely, some estimates on the order and the exponents of convergence of special points of meromorphic functions and their differences and shifts are obtained.
Quantitative robustness analysis of topological edge modes in C6 and valley-Hall metamaterial waveguides
Authors: Orazbayev Bakhtiyar , Fleury Romain 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Recent advances in designing time-reversal-invariant photonic topological insulators have been extended down to the deep subwavelength scale, by employing synthetic photonic matter made of dense periodic arrangements of subwavelength resonant scatterers. Interestingly, such topological metamaterial crystals support edge states that are localized in subwavelength volumes at topological boundaries, providing a unique way to design subwavelength waveguides based on engineering the topology of bulk metamaterial insulators. While the existence of these edge modes is guaranteed by topology, their robustness to backscattering is often incomplete, as time-reversed photonic modes can always be coupled to each other by virtue of reciprocity. Unlike electronic spins which are protected by Kramers theorem, photonic spins are mostly protected by weaker symmetries like crystal symmetries or valley conservation. In this paper, we quantitatively studied the robustness of subwavelength edge modes originating from two frequently used topological designs, namely metamaterial spin-Hall (SP) effect based on C6 symmetry, and metamaterial valley-Hall (VH) insulators based on valley preservation. For the first time, robustness is evaluated for position and frequency disorder and for all possible interface types, by performing ensemble average of the edge mode transmission through many random realizations of disorder. In contrast to our results in the previous study on the chiral metamaterial waveguide, the statistical study presented here demonstrates the importance of the specific interface on the robustness of these edge modes and the superior robustness of the VH edge stated in both position and frequency disorder, provided one works with a zigzag interface.
An Approach to Investigate the Fiber-Cementitious Composites Bond-Slip Mechanisms
Authors: Chin Chee Seong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The composite behavior of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites is generally governed by the total contribution of individual fiber interacting with the cementitious matrix for which fiber-matrix bridging phenomenon is the main mechanism that would influence the energy absorption capacity of the material. This would mean that the overall characteristics of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites can be predicted if the fiber pullout behavior could be better understood. Fiber pullout tests are commonly proposed in the study of fiber-matrix bonding behavior, but such a test is always difficult to perform because it is highly reliant on the configuration design and there is no valid and standard testing technique to date. The specially designed fiber pullout testing fixture presented herein was shown to be able to evaluate the fiber-matrix bond-slip characteristics. The testing results clearly demonstrated that fiber with less deformity was shown to give higher dissipated pullout energy but lower maximum pullout load, whereas more heavily deformed fiber would result in a higher maximum pullout load but with less dissipated pullout energy that is due to fiber fracture during the pullout process. This article has provided an important insight on how fiber shape could influence the ductility of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites.
Increase in Grasp Force Reflects a Desire to Improve Movement Precision
Authors: Takagi A. , Kambara H. , Koike Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGrasping is an action engraved in the human genome, enabling newborn infants to hang from a monkey-bar immediately after birth. The grasp force provides rich information about the brain’s control of arm movements. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the grasp force increases to improve the hand’s movement precision during reaching. In two reaching experiments, subjects increased grasp force to suppress movement imprecision that arose from both self-generated motor noise and from an unpredictable environment. Furthermore, the grasp force did not increase constantly, but increased specifically along the movement where the hand’s deviation was greatest. The increased grasp was premeditated and was not a reaction to environmental forces, suggesting that the central nervous system has a predictive, state-dependent model of movement precision during reaching. The grasp force provides a high temporal resolution and calibration-less estimate of movement precision adaptation.
When West Meets East: The Origins and Spread of Weedy Rice Between Continental and Island Southeast Asia
Authors: Neik Ting Xiang , Chai Jing-Yun , Tan Seow-Yeen , Sudo Maggie Pui San , Cui Yongxia , Jayaraj Jayasyaliny , Teo Su-Sin , Olsen Kenneth M , Song Beng-Kah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Weedy crop relatives are among the world’s most problematic agricultural weeds, and their ability to rapidly evolve can be enhanced by gene flow from both domesticated crop varieties and wild crop progenitor species. In this study, we examined the role of modern commercial crop cultivars, traditional landraces, and wild relatives in the recent emergence and proliferation of weedy rice in East Malaysia on the island of Borneo. This region of Malaysia is separated from the Asian continent by the South China Sea, and weedy rice has become a major problem there more recently than on the Malaysian peninsular mainland. Using 24 polymorphic SSR loci and genotype data from the awn-length domestication gene An-1, we assessed the genetic diversity, population structure and potential origins of East Malaysian weeds; 564 weedy, cultivated and wild rice accessions were analyzed from samples collected in East Malaysia, Peninsular Malaysia and neighboring countries. While there is considerable evidence for contributions of Peninsular Malaysian weed ecotypes to East Malaysian populations, we find that local crop cultivars and/or landraces from neighboring countries are also likely contributors to the weedy rice infestations. These findings highlight the implications of genetic admixture from different cultivar source populations in the spread of weedy crop relatives and the urgent need for preventive measurements to maintain sustainable crop yields.
Interneurons Regulate Locomotion Quiescence via Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Signaling During Stress-Induced Sleep in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Cianciulli Alana , Yoslov Lauren , Buscemi Kristen , Sullivan Nicole , Vance Ryan T , Janton Francis , Szurgot Mary R , Buerkert Thomas , Li Edwin , Nelson Matthew D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sleep is evolutionarily conserved, thus studying simple invertebrates such as Caenorhabditis elegans can provide mechanistic insight into sleep with single cell resolution. A conserved pathway regulating sleep across phylogeny involves cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a ubiquitous second messenger that functions in neurons by activating protein kinase A. C. elegans sleep in response to cellular stress caused by environmental insults [stress-induced sleep (SIS)], a model for studying sleep during sickness. SIS is controlled by simple neural circuitry, thus allowing for cellular dissection of cAMP signaling during sleep. We employed a red-light activated adenylyl cyclase, IlaC22, to identify cells involved in SIS regulation. We found that pan-neuronal activation of IlaC22 disrupts SIS through mechanisms independent of the cAMP response element binding protein. Activating IlaC22 in the single DVA interneuron, the paired RIF interneurons, and in the CEPsh glia identified these cells as wake-promoting. Using a cAMP biosensor, epac1-camps, we found that cAMP is decreased in the RIF and DVA interneurons by neuropeptidergic signaling from the ALA neuron. Ectopic overexpression of sleep-promoting neuropeptides coded by flp-13 and flp-24, released from the ALA, reduced cAMP in the DVA and RIFs, respectively. Overexpression of the wake-promoting neuropeptides coded by pdf-1 increased cAMP levels in the RIFs. Using a combination of optogenetic manipulation and in vivo imaging of cAMP we have identified wake-promoting neurons downstream of the neuropeptidergic output of the ALA. Our data suggest that sleep- and wake-promoting neuropeptides signal to reduce and heighten cAMP levels during sleep, respectively.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Consequences of CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the Replication Origins in the rDNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sanchez Joseph C , Ollodart Anja , Large Christopher R L , Clough Courtnee , Alvino Gina M , Tsuchiya Mitsuhiro , Crane Matthew , Kwan Elizabeth X , Kaeberlein Matt , Dunham Maitreya J , Raghuraman M K , Brewer Bonita J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The complex structure and repetitive nature of eukaryotic ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a challenge for genome assembly, thus the consequences of sequence variation in rDNA remain unexplored. However, renewed interest in the role that rDNA variation may play in diverse cellular functions, aside from ribosome production, highlights the need for a method that would permit genetic manipulation of the rDNA. Here, we describe a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based strategy to edit the rDNA locus in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, developed independently but similar to one developed by others. Using this approach, we modified the endogenous rDNA origin of replication in each repeat by deleting or replacing its consensus sequence. We characterized the transformants that have successfully modified their rDNA locus and propose a mechanism for how CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the rDNA occurs. In addition, we carried out extended growth and life span experiments to investigate the long-term consequences that altering the rDNA origin of replication have on cellular health. We find that long-term growth of the edited clones results in faster-growing suppressors that have acquired segmental aneusomy of the rDNA-containing region of chromosome XII or aneuploidy of chromosomes XII, II, or IV. Furthermore, we find that all edited isolates suffer a reduced life span, irrespective of their levels of extrachromosomal rDNA circles. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to quickly, efficiently, and homogeneously edit the rDNA origin via CRISPR/Cas9.
OPTIMISATION OF ORGANIC SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF TOTAL CAROTENOIDS FROM BULGARIAN TOMATO PROCESSING WASTE
Authors: Nikolova M. , Prokopov T. , Taneva D. , Dimitrov N. 
Published: July 2019

The quantity of tomato wastes combined with beneficial characteristics of components of the wastes justifies the great interest of researchers and manufacturers in extracting of carotenoids from this low cost material. In this study the response surface (RSM) approach and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were used to explore the possibility of modelling and optimisation the organic solvent extraction of total carotenoids from Bulgarian tomato processing waste (TPW). Bulgarian TPW consists of tomato pomace was used in this study. Dried and ground TPW was plased in the extraction flask and stirred with acetone at various extraction conditions. The extract obtained was vacuum filtered through filter paper and was subjected to spectrophotometrically total carotenoids content determination. A three-variable, three-level BBD of RSM was employed in optimisation the extraction conditions for the highest recovery of total carotenoids from Bulgarian TPW. A response surface quadratic model was developed and statistical analysis was carried out. Data concerning model adequacy tests indicated that the values of R2 and Radj2 for quadratic model were the higest in comparison to the other models. The obtained F-value of 38.65 implies the model was significant (p < 0.05) and could be used for optimisation. The effects of extraction temperature, solvent to solid ratio and extraction time were significant in total carotenoids yield. Total carotenoids content ranged from 9.78 to 25.28 mg/100 g dried TPW. The predicted values of total carotenoids content were closed to the experimental observed values. By use of RSM the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follow: extraction time of 90 min, solvent to solid ratio of 60 mL/g and extraction temperature of 50ºC. The results obtained showed that predicted (28.40 mg/100 g dried TPW) and experimental (28.86±0.92 mg/100 g dried TPW) values of total carotenoids content were not significant different (p > 0.05).
Biochemical Characterisation and Sensory Evaluation of Differently Coloured and Shaped Tomato Cultivars
Authors: OLUK Aylin Celile , ATA Atilla , ÜNLÜ Mustafa , YAZICI Ebru , KARAŞAHİN Zafer , EROĞLU Evren Çağlar , CANAN İhsan 
Published: July 2019

Antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, colour, sugar, volatiles, ascorbic acid and carotenoid (β-carotene and lycopene) contents of differently coloured and shaped tomato cultivars (cvs) grown in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Turkey were determined, along with a sensory evaluation. Tomato cultivars of two different types (cherry and beefsteak) and four different colours (red, yellow, orange and brown) were analysed. All plants were simultaneously grown in the same field and subjected to identical horticultural practices to minimise the effects of environmental conditions and to maximise those related to genotype. The red cherry cultivar had the highest lycopene content, while the orange beefsteak cultivar had the highest β-carotene content. The highest antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and hardness scores were found in cherry-type tomatoes, except the yellow one. The red cherry cultivar had the highest sugar content. Red and brown cherry cultivars were also significant in terms of their high carotenoid and sugar contents, along with a high antioxidant activity. The brown cherry cultivar had the highest total phenol content. The highest quantities of 2-hexenal, 3-hexen-1-ol, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were detected in red cultivars. The brown cherry cultivar had the highest sweetness, typical aroma and hardness scores, while the yellow beefsteak cultivars the lowest sweetness typical aroma scores. In terms of sensory parameters, red and brown cultivars scored higher than yellow and orange ones.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Nutritional Value of Garden Dill (Anethum graveolens L.), Depending on Genotype
Authors: BIESIADA Anita , KĘDRA Kamil , GODLEWSKA Katarzyna , SZUMNY Antoni , NAWIRSKA-OLSZAŃSKA Agnieszka 
Published: July 2019

The yield, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of eight genotypes (‘Krezus’, ‘Turkus’, ‘Kozak’, ‘Szmaragd’, ‘Lukullus’, ‘Herkules’, ‘Ambrozja’, ‘Moravan’) of garden dill (Anethum graveolens L.) biomass was estimated. Field experiments were conducted in 2011-2013 in Poland. The crop lasted 44 days and plants were collected at the 4-5 true leaf stage (a bunch harvest). The highest marketable yield was obtained for ‘Krezus’ and ‘Szmaragd’ cultivars (1.18 kg·m-2), while the lowest for ‘Herkules’ (0.53 kg·m-2). The dry matter of leaves ranged from 15.17% (‘Ambrozja’) to 19.27% (‘Krezus’). The study also proved that the genotype influenced the content of chlorophylls a+b, e.g. 1.10 g·kg-1 (‘Moravan’) and 0.78 g·kg-1 (‘Lukullus’), respectively carotenoids: 21.43 mg·100 g-1 (‘Moravan’) and 11.78 mg·100 g-1 (‘Szmaragd’). The content of nitrates (371.48 mg·kg-1 ‘Lukullus’ - 110 mg·kg-1 ‘Szmaragd’), K (11.30% ‘Moravan’ - 5.37% ‘Kozak’), Ca (2.06% ‘Turkus’ - 1.77% ‘Kozak’), and oils (99.13% ‘Lukullus’ - 93.82% ‘Ambrozja’) was also varied. In most cases the content of Mg, P, sugars and ascorbic acid was on similar level. The antioxidant activity was significantly different between tested groups (12.22 µM·g-1 ‘Turkus’ - 6.27 µM·g-1 ‘Krezus’). The presented research proved that the genotype of garden dill affects yield and chemical composition of plants.

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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