bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Modification of H+‐Mordenite on the Isomerization of Oleic Acid into Branched‐Chain Isomers
Authors: Fan Mingming , Si Tengfei , Zhang Pingbo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent research studies have shown that oleic acid can be isomerized to saturated C18 branched‐chain fatty acids through H+‐Mordenite with modest yields (approximately 80 wt.%). The dimensions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) (10.3 Å) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) (11.4 Å) are larger than the H+‐Mordenite zeolite, which has a two‐dimensional 8‐member ring (MR) (2.6 Å × 5.7 Å) and 12‐MR (6.5 Å × 7.0 Å) framework. TEOS and TPP are incapable of entering into the internal channels of zeolite, however, they have the ability to poison the acids on the external surface of the H+‐Mordenite. The acidic sites of the specified pore can be selectively catalyzed but most of the active centers on the external surface are deactivated. In this study, all samples were characterized using X‐ray Diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunner–Emmet–Teller (BET) measurements, thermogravimetry (TG), NH3‐TPD, and 1H MAS NMR. 2,4,6‐Trimethylpyridine was used for the characterization of the external acidic sites. With TEOS (1 wt.%) and 0.1 mol L−1 TPP‐modified H+‐Mordenite, the Bronsted acid sites on the external surface were reduced by 92.7% and the dimers were reduced from 16.19 wt.% to as low as 4.14 wt.% with 90.09 wt.% yield of saturated C18 branched‐chain fatty acids.
An Efficient CaO‐Based Catalyst for Rapid Production of Biodiesel without Glycerol as a by‐Product Using a Tri‐Component Reaction
Authors: Tang Ying , Li Shaoying , Dong Jianlong , Meng Mei , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this work, commercial CaO was modified using various sodium salts (Na2WO4, Na2CO3, Na2SO4, and NaCl), among which NaCl/CaO showed the best catalytic performance for no‐glycerol biodiesel production using three components of rapeseed oil, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and methanol as reactants. 97.1% biodiesel yield was obtained at 1 h in the presence of NaCl/CaO. Various techniques including N2 physical adsorption, XRD, and CO2‐chemical adsorption revealed that the unique catalytic activity of NaCl/CaO was related to its higher degree of crystallinity and relatively weaker surface basicity, and large pore size in the structure compared to other catalysts. Furthermore, it was found that the rapid hydration by impregnation of CaO can be greatly weakened in the presence of NaCl and the pore diameter plays a more important role than the basicity of solid catalysts in this heterogeneous transesterification.
An Accelerated Method for Estimating the Dispersion Stability of Mayonnaise by Oil–Water Separation under Reduced Pressure
Authors: Miyagawa Yayoi , Ogawa Takenobu , Adachi Shuji 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel accelerated method to assess the dispersion instability of oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions with a high oil content such as mayonnaise and mayonnaise‐like semisolid dressing was developed. The method focuses on oil–water separation of the emulsions due to the increase in the ionic strength of the aqueous phase by evaporating the water under vacuum. The oil, separated from the emulsion, was absorbed with a filter paper. The oil penetration length increased in proportion to the square root of time after a certain time delay, while pure oil was absorbed with the filter paper with no delay. The time delay was defined as the destabilization time when the oil–water separation started to occur. A longer destabilization time represented higher dispersion stability. The destabilization time was longer for the mayonnaise‐like semisolid dressing containing a thickener, and was shorter for the mayonnaise stored for a longer duration. It is suggested that the effect of the composition of the aqueous phase on instability can be examined by the method.
Flame retardancy of unsaturated polyester composites with modified ammonium polyphosphate, montmorillonite, and zinc borate
Authors: Jiang Mengwei , Zhang Yunshu , Yu Yuan , Zhang Qingwu , Huang Bujun , Chen Zhiquan , Chen Tingting , Jiang Juncheng 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAmmonium polyphosphate (APP) was modified using a new method, where the resulting modified APP (MAPP) was obtained by mixing APP with unsaturated polyester resin (UPR). MAPP was more effective in improving the flame retardancy of UPR than APP which was due to the improved dispersion of MAPP in UPR composite. Then, the UPR composites were prepared based on dimethyl methylphosphonate, MAPP, montmorillonite, and zinc borate. Finally, the flame‐retardant and mechanical properties of the UPR composites were analyzed using the limited oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis, UL‐94 vertical burning test, scanning electron microscopy, cone calorimetry, mechanical tests, and viscosity measurements. The LOI and UL‐94 tests showed that the flame‐retardant properties clearly improved with the addition of fillers in the UPR composites compared to pristine UPR. The synergistic effect of Si‐ and P‐containing flame retardants in this composite resulted in the LOI value increasing from 18.9 to 31.3% and achieved the UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Moreover, the heat release rate was lower than the pristine UPR. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47180.
Finite‐Element Syntheses of Callus and Bone Remodeling: Biomechanical Study of Fracture Healing in Long Bones
Authors: Lipphaus Andreas , Witzel Ulrich 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTComputational simulations of fracture healing are a valuable tool to improve fracture treatment and implants. Several finite‐element models have been established to predict callus formation due to mechanobiological rules. This work provides a comprehensive simulation for virtual implantation through the combination of callus simulation and finite‐element structural synthesis (FESS) of (re‐)modeling during and after healing based on Pauwel's theory of histogenesis and Wolff's law. The simulation is based on a linear elastic material model and includes generation of fracture hematoma and initial mesenchymal stem cell concentration out of an unspecified solid, cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation due to mechanical stimuli and time‐dependent axial loading. Three nondisplaced femoral shaft fractures with initial interfragmentary movement of 0.2, 0.6, and 1 mm and one fracture with 4 mm translation are modeled. The predictions of interfragmentary movement during fracture healing, healing success, and healing time agree with observed clinical outcome, animal models, and other numerical models. Initial interfragmentary movement between 0.2 and 1 mm leads to healing success, with the fastest healing occurring at 0.2 mm. The model of the dislocated fractures shows no further bending after remodeling and is loaded with physiological stress of −13 MPa. Ideal load–time graphs may give insight into the bone's ability to withstand loads as healing time progresses, and thus holds potential for applications in rehabilitation planning. Better knowledge of the forces present during fracture healing is needed to deploy simulations for surgical planning and manufacturing of patient individualized implants. Anat Rec, 301:2112–2121, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How Does Oocyte Uptake Occur? A Macroscopic Study of the Ovarian and Oviductal Modifications for Egg Capture in the Coral‐Snake Micrurus corallinus
Authors: Bassi Erick Augusto , de Oliveira Classius , Braz Henrique B. , de Almeida‐Santos Selma Maria 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe processes of follicular development, ovulation, egg capture, and egg transport vary among vertebrates. Therefore, analysis of the reproductive tract of several lineages is needed for understanding the evolutionary changes of the reproductive system. In turtles, the ovulated eggs are released into the coelomic cavity and taken up by one of the two oviducts, a phenomenon called extrauterine migration of eggs. However, the process of egg uptake in lizards is different. The egg is ovulated directly into the infundibulum, and oocyte uptake by the contralateral oviduct rarely occurs. The same pattern has been hypothesized to occur in snakes. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the reproductive tract of female Micrurus corallinus preserved in zoological collections. We examined the anatomical characteristics of the infundibulum and ovary and compared the reproductive output between the ovaries to verify the mechanism of egg capture and the anatomical viability of extrauterine migration of eggs. The reproductive output of the right ovary was higher than that of the left ovary, and the higher number of eggs in the right oviduct is due exclusively to the production of the ipsilateral ovary. Several anatomical features prevent extrauterine migration of eggs, including the asymmetry of the reproductive system, the arrangement of the ovarian follicles in a single row, and the formation of a wrapping around the ovary and infundibulum by the visceral pleuroperitoneum membrane (preventing against ectopic eggs). Therefore, the hypothesis of egg capture by the contralateral oviduct is anatomically infeasible in M. corallinus and possibly in other snakes. Anat Rec, 301:1936–1943, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Novel Mouse Model for Cilia‐Associated Cardiovascular Anomalies with a High Penetrance of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Authors: Burns Tara A. , Deepe Raymond N. , Bullard John , Phelps Aimee L. , Toomer Katelynn A. , Hiriart Emilye , Norris Russell A. , Haycraft Courtney J. , Wessels Andy 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPrimary cilia are small organelles projecting from the cell surface of many cell types. They play a crucial role in the regulation of various signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the importance of cilia for heart development by conditionally deleting intraflagellar transport protein Ift88 using the col3.6‐cre mouse. Analysis of col3.6;Ift88 offspring showed a wide spectrum of cardiovascular defects including double outlet right ventricle and atrioventricular septal defects. In addition, we found that in the majority of specimens the pulmonary veins did not properly connect to the developing left atrium. The abnormal connections found resemble those seen in patients with total anomalous pulmonary venous return. Analysis of mutant hearts at early stages of development revealed abnormal development of the dorsal mesocardium, a second heart field‐derived structure at the venous pole intrinsically related to the development of the pulmonary veins. Data presented support a crucial role for primary cilia in outflow tract development and atrioventricular septation and their significance for the formation of the second heart field‐derived tissues at the venous pole including the dorsal mesocardium. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate that proper formation of the dorsal mesocardium is critically important for the development of the pulmonary veins. Anat Rec, 302:136–145, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Innervation of the Epithelium and Lamina Propria of the Urethra of the Female Rat
Authors: Eggermont Monica , De Wachter Stefan , Eastham Jane , Gillespie James 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to characterize the number, type and distribution of immunochemically identified nerves in epithelium and lamina propria of the female rat urethra. Urethras from female Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 12) were fixed, frozen and sectioned (8 μm). Standard immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify putative nerves using the following antibodies: calcitonin gene related peptide (cgrp), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNos), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vacht). The number, distribution and characteristics of all immunoreactive (IR) structures adjacent to the urethral epithelium and in the lamina propria was assessed. In the bladder, few cgrp‐IR and vacht‐IR fibers were associated with the urothelium or suburothelium of the lateral wall. In contrast, large numbers of vacht‐IR, nNos‐IR and cgrp‐IR fibers were found close to the epithelium and subepithelium of the bladder neck and throughout the urethra. The number of cgrp‐IR fibers was significantly higher in the urethra in comparison with the bladder neck. A population of undescribed cgrp‐IR cells associated with the bladder neck and proximal urethra has been characterized. Each of these cells appears to be associated with a nerve fiber. In the distal urethra, the number of peptidergic fibers penetrating the epithelium was significantly higher than the rest of the urethra. Clearly, this study has revealed a highly complex and heterogeneous network of putative afferent nerves fibers along the length of the urethra. These structural specializations need to be taken into account when probing the different functions of the urethra. Anat Rec, 302:201–214, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retracted: MiR‐141‐3p Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Cancer via Targeting Yin Yang 1
Authors: Fang Ming , Huang Wenlong , Wu Xinchi , Gao Yuan , Ou Jing , Zhang Xiaolan , Li Yanyun 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTMicroR‐141‐3p has been found to be downregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), while little is known about the cellular functions and precise signals elicited by miR‐141‐3p in PTC. The results of this study indicated that the expression of miR‐141‐3p was aberrantly down‐regulated in PTC tissues and cell lines, compared with the adjacent normal tissues and normal thyroid epithelial cells. Furthermore, the miR‐141‐3p expression level was negatively associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in PTC. Expression of miR‐141‐3p effectively inhibited cell growth, promoted apoptosis, and suppressed invasion in PTC cells. Meanwhile, miR‐141‐3p knockdown with miR‐141‐3p inhibitor reversed these effects. Consistent with the in vitro study, miR‐141‐3p also exhibited anti‐neoplastic activity in vivo. Moreover, the results revealed that miR‐141‐3p directly recognized the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and negatively regulated the expression of YY1 at both protein and mRNA levels. Ectopic expression of YY1 could effectively abrogate the anti‐metastatic and proapoptotic effects of miR‐141‐3p. In summary, the findings suggested that miR‐141‐3p can act as a tumor suppressor in PTC and may be a potential therapeutic target for PTC treatment. Anat Rec, 302:258–268, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Graphical representations and summary indicators to assess the performance of risk predictors
Authors: Antolini Laura , Tassistro Elena , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Bernasconi Davide Paolo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe availability of novel biomarkers in several branches of medicine opens room for refining prognosis by adding factors on top of those having an established role. It is accepted that the impact of novel factors should not rely solely on regression coefficients and their significance but also on predictive power measures, such as Brier score and ROC‐based quantities. However, novel factors that are promising at the exploratory stage often result in disappointingly low impact in the predictive power. This motivated the proposal of the net reclassification improvement and the integrated discrimination improvement, as direct measures of predictive power gain due to additional factors based on the concept of reclassification tables. These measures became extremely popular in cardiovascular disease and cancer applications, given the apparently easy interpretation. However, recent contributions in the biostatistical literature enlightened the tendency to indicate as advantageous models obtained by adding unrelated factors. These measures should not be used in practice. A further measure proposed a decade ago, the net benefit, is becoming a standard in assessing the consequences in terms of costs and benefits when using a risk predictor in practice for classification. This work reviews the conceptual formulations and interpretations of the available graphical methods and summary measures for evaluating risk predictor models. The aim is to provide guidance in the evaluation process that from the model development brings the risk predictor to be used in clinical practice for binary decision rules.
Improving the accuracy of the initial rise method and extending its applicability to evaluate the order of kinetics of TL glow peaks
Authors: Maghrabi Mufeed 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe classical initial rise method is limited to evaluate the activation energy for signal levels that do not exceed 10–15% of the maximum intensity. When it becomes necessary to include higher signal levels the associated error in the activation energy increases. In the present work we introduced a new correction factor for the activation energy obtained by the initial rise method in terms of the percentage of maximum intensity and the geometrical factor of the glow peak. The new expression reflects the dependence of the correction factor on the order of kinetics through the geometrical factor, especially when high signal levels are involved in the analysis. With this correction, the initial rise method can be applied to signal levels up to 70% of the maximum intensity with errors lower than those encountered in applying the classical method at low intensity levels (~10% of the maximum intensity). In addition, the order of kinetics was evaluated based on the difference between the corrected value of E and the one obtained by the initial rise method. The present procedure was applied to the glow curve of Li2B4O7:Mn single crystal. The obtained parameters show very good agreement with curve fitting, peak shape methods and the published data on this material which supports the validity and reliability of the present approach.
The case against categorical risk estimates
Authors: Scurich Nicholas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRisk estimates can be communicated in a variety of forms, including numeric and categorical formats. An example of the latter is “low/medium/high risk.” The categorical format is preferred by judges and practitioners alike, and is mandated by the most commonly utilized forensic risk assessment instruments (the HCR‐20 and the Static‐99). This article argues against the practice of communicating risk in categorical terms on empirical and normative grounds. Empirically, there is no consensus about what level of risk corresponds to a particular category, such as “high risk.” Moreover, recent studies indicate that categorizing an otherwise continuous risk estimate does not add incremental predictive validity to the risk estimate. Normatively, categorization obscures what is fundamentally a value judgment about the relative costs and benefits of correct (e.g., true positive) and incorrect (e.g., false positive) outcomes. Such a judgment is inherently non‐scientific and invades the province of the jury. Indeed, categorical risk estimates are in principle no different than “dangerousness predictions,” which are simply binary and which have been denounced by the field. The fact that alternative risk communication formats have limitations does not justify continuing the pervasive practice of communicating categorical risk estimates.
Effects of social identity and schadenfreude on attitude toward brand sponsoring an instant replay review: The moderating role of rivalry and suspense
Authors: Kim Jihoon (Jay) , Kim Jooyoung 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsed during sport games to guard against incorrect calls by referees, instant replay review has provided sponsoring brands an additional advertising opportunity. Although instant replay video (IRV) encourages sport spectators to stay focused on the screen, no study has examined how viewer perception of and attitude toward an ad or brand tied to IRV are formed or how such formations might vary in different circumstances. Applying social identity theory and the concept of schadenfreude (i.e., the experience of joy when observing another's misfortune), the current study examined sport fan perceptions of an IRV‐sponsoring ad and its sponsoring brand. Results from an experiment using a 2 (rivalry level: high vs. low) × 2 (suspense level: high vs. low) between‐subjects design revealed that the positive emotion induced by a negative instant replay outcome for the opposing team (i.e., schadenfreude) led to positive attitude toward the ad (Aad‐IRV) and the sponsoring brand (Ab‐IRV). Importantly, the results indicate that the effects of schadenfreude on Aad‐IRV were greater when the level of rivalry was higher. Participants exposed to the high rivalry game condition showed a stronger relationship between schadenfreude and Aad‐IRV than the low rivalry game group. In addition, when the participants felt high suspense during the game, the schadenfreude resulting from a negative outcome of the rivalry team produced a significantly positive effect on Aad‐IRV. However, no such schadenfreude effect was observed in the low suspense situations. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Exploring the C‐Terminal Tail Dynamics: Structural and Molecular Perspectives into the Therapeutic Activities of Novel CRMP‐2 Inhibitors, Naringenin and Naringenin‐7‐O‐glucuronide, in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lawal Maryam F. , Olotu Fisayo A. , Agoni Clement , Soliman Mahmoud E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe collapsin response mediator protein (CRMP‐2) is hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). These phosphorylation events are mediated by specific kinase proteins, GSK3β and Cdk5, and occur at target phosphorylation sites majorly located at the C‐terminal tail of CRMP‐2. The abilities of naringenin (NAR) and naringenin‐7‐O‐glucuronide (NAR‐7‐O‐G) to selectively bind CRMP‐2 and reduce its phosphorylation have been previously demonstrated; the molecular interplay between these events remains unresolved. Using computational tools, we unravel the possible mechanisms by which these molecules disrupt CRMP‐2 phosphorylation. Structural and dynamic analyses revealed that while the C‐terminal tail of unbound CRMP‐2 was extended and subtly organized, notable conformational disarray and rigidity characterized this region when bound by NAR and NAR‐7‐O‐G. Consequentially, atomistic motions of constituent phosphorylation sites were restricted, indicative of structural occurrences that could distort the accessibility of interactive kinase proteins. A similar pattern was observed at a target phosphorylation site located in the globular domain of CRMP‐2. MM/PBSA analyses revealed that both compounds interacted favorably with CRMP‐2 while crucial residues that enhanced their selective binding include Glu353, Thr349, Lys254, Asp140 and Arg75. These structural insights provide mechanistic events that could contribute towards the structure‐based design of anti‐AD molecules which can bind CRMP2 selectively and alter its phosphorylation process.