bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the captivity effect on invertebrate communities transplanted into an experimental stream laboratory
Authors: Schmidt Travis S. , Rogers Holly A. , Miller Janet L. , Mebane Christopher A. , Balistrieri Laurie S. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Little is known about how design and testing methodologies affect the macroinvertebrate communities that are held captive in mesocosms. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a 32-d test to determine how seeded invertebrate communities changed once removed from the natural stream and introduced to the laboratory. We evaluated larvae survival and adult emergence in controls from 4 subsequent studies, as well as corresponding within-river community changes. The experimental streams maintained about 80% of the invertebrates that originally colonized the introduced substrates. Many macroinvertebrate populations experienced changes in numbers through time, suggesting that these taxa are unlikely to maintain static populations throughout studies. For example, some taxa (Tanytarsini, Simuliidae, Cinygmula sp.) increased in number, grew (Simuliidae), and possibly recruited new individuals (Baetidae) as larvae, while several also completed other life history events (pupation and emergence) during the 30- to 32-d studies. Midges and mayflies dominated emergence, further supporting the idea that conditions are conducive for many taxa to complete their life cycles while held captive in the experimental streams. However, plecopterans were sensitive to temperature changes &gt;2 °C between river and laboratory. Thus, this experimental stream testing approach can support diverse larval macroinvertebrate communities for durations consistent with some chronic criterion development and life cycle assessments (i.e., 30 d). The changes in communities held captive in the experimental streams were mostly consistent with the parallel changes observed from in situ river samples, indicating that mesocosm results are reasonably representative of real river insect communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2820–2834. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Sex-specific responses in neuroanatomy of hatchling American kestrels in response to embryonic exposure to the flame retardants bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate
Authors: Guigueno Mélanie F. , Karouna-Renier Natalie K. , Henry Paula F.P. , Peters Lisa E. , Palace Vince P. , Letcher Robert J. , Fernie Kim J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) and 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), flame retardant components of FireMaster 550® and 600® have been detected in tissues of wild birds. To address the paucity of information regarding potential impacts of flame retardants on the brain, brain volume regions of hatchling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were evaluated following in ovo injection at embryonic day 5 with safflower oil or to 1 of 3 doses of either BEH-TEBP (13, 64, or 116 μg/g egg) or EH-TBB (12, 60, or 149 μg/g egg). The doses for both chemicals reflected concentrations reported in wild birds. The volumes of the hippocampus and telencephalon and volumetric differences between left and right hemispheres were measured in hatchlings (embryonic day 28). A sex-specific effect of BEH-TEBP on relative hippocampus volume was evident: the hippocampus was significantly enlarged in high-dose females compared to control females but smaller in low-dose females than the other females. There was no significant effect of EH-TBB on hippocampus volume in female kestrel hatchlings or of either chemical in male hatchlings and no effects of these concentrations of EH-TBB or BEH-TEBP on telencephalon volume or the level of symmetry between the hemispheres of the brain. In sum, embryonic exposure of female kestrels to these BEH-TEBP concentrations altered hippocampus volume, having the potential to affect spatial memory relating to ecologically relevant behavior such as prey capture, predator avoidance, and migration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3032–3040. © 2018 SETAC
Enhancement of CO2 trapping efficiency in heterogeneous reservoirs by water‐alternating gas injection
Authors: Al‐Khdheeawi Emad A. , Vialle Stephanie , Barifcani Ahmed , Sarmadivaleh Mohammad , Iglauer Stefan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCarbon geosequestration efficiency is affected by various factors including reservoir heterogeneity, caprock properties, rock wettability, aquifer brine salinity and injection‐well configuration. Some parameters (e.g. the formation geology) cannot be changed but it is possible to select others and engineer an optimized storage program. One of these parameters is the way CO2 is injected into the reservoir. There are three main options for this: (1) continuous injection, (2) intermittent injection, and (3) water‐alternating gas (WAG) injection. We thus studied the efficiency of each injection option and predicted the associated storage capacities and CO2‐plume movements (which are related to the containment security). We found that WAG injection showed significantly superior behavior over continuous and intermittent injections (which resulted in similar CO2 flow responses). Specifically, residual and solubility trapping were significantly enhanced, whereas vertical CO2 migration was cut by approximately two‐thirds. Thus, in the examined reservoir, the WAG injection is preferred as it strongly enhances CO2 storage efficiency and containment security. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative Effect of rhPTH(1-84) on Bone Mineral Density and Trabecular Bone Score in Hypoparathyroidism and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Cipriani Cristiana , Pepe Jessica , Silva Barbara C , Rubin Mishaela R , Cusano Natalie E , McMahon Donald J , Nieddu Luciano , Angelozzi Maurizio , Biamonte Federica , Diacinti Daniele , Hans Didier , Minisola Salvatore , Bilezikian John P 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1-84) improves lumbar spine (LS) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in hypoparathyroidism over a 2-year treatment period. Studies in osteoporosis have shown that with PTH(1-34) there is a significant increase in LS aBMD and TBS. In this article, we provide new data comparing the effects of the same form of PTH, namely recombinant human PTH, rhPTH(1-84), on aBMD and TBS in hypoparathyroid and osteoporotic patients over an 18-month treatment period. We studied 19 premenopausal (mean age 45.8 ± 11.8 years) and 16 postmenopausal (71 ± 8.4 years) hypoparathyroid women and 38 women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (71 ± 8.3 years). DXA (hologic) at LS, femoral neck, total hip, and distal one-third radius was assessed. Site-matched LS TBS data were extracted from deidentified spine DXA scans using the TBS iNsight software (version 2.1; Medimaps, Geneva, Switzerland). We observed a significant increase in LS aBMD in premenopausal and postmenopausal hypoparathyroid (3 ± 1.1%, p &lt; 0.02 and 3.1 ± 1.4%, p &lt; 0.05, respectively) and osteoporosis (6.2 ± 1.1%, p &lt; 0.0001) patients after 18 months. There was a significant increase (3 ± 1.5%, p = 0.05) in TBS in premenopausal hypoparathyroid patients. A change in TBS was not observed in either postmenopausal group. One-third radius aBMD significantly declined in postmenopausal hypoparathyroid (-3.6 ± 1.1%, p &lt; 0.01) and osteoporosis (-8 ± 1.4%, p &lt; 0.0001) patients. Overall, there was a significantly greater increase in TBS in premenopausal hypoparathyroid than in osteoporosis patients (p &lt; 0.0001) after adjusting for baseline values, age, BMI, and average daily dose of rhPTH(1-84). Comparing only postmenopausal women, the LS aBMD increase was greater in osteoporotic than hypoparathyroid subjects (p &lt; 0.01). Our results demonstrate that rhPTH(1-84) administered for 18 months increases trabecular aBMD in hypoparathyroidism and postmenopausal osteoporosis with greater gains observed in the subjects with osteoporosis. The data suggest different effects of PTH on bone depending on the baseline skeletal structure, skeletal dynamics, compartments, and menopausal status. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A novel anesthesiologist‐led multidisciplinary model for evaluating high‐risk surgical patients at a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Sroka Raymond , Gabriel Emmanuel M. , Al‐Hadidi Danna , Nurkin Steven J. , Urman Richard D. , Quinn Timothy D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe objective of this retrospective analysis was to describe the development and implementation of an anesthesiologist‐led multidisciplinary committee to evaluate high‐risk surgical patients in order to improve surgical appropriateness. The study was conducted in an anesthesia preoperative evaluation clinic at an academic comprehensive cancer center. One hundred sixty‐seven high‐risk surgical patients with cancer‐related diagnoses were evaluated and discussed at a High‐Risk Committee (HRC) meeting to determine surgical appropriateness and optimize perioperative care. The HRC is an anesthesiologist‐led model for multidisciplinary review of high‐risk patients developed at Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center. The group of high‐risk patients in which surgery was not performed had, on average, a greater percentage of hypertension, smoking history, dyspnea, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, renal failure, and sleep apnea than the group in whom surgery was performed. Only one of 107 high‐risk patients who had surgery died within the first 30 days after surgery. A smaller percentage of patients died in the group that had surgery versus the group in which surgery was canceled. For all patients discussed by the HRC, the mortality was less than 2% within the first 30 days after the HRC.
Gaps and opportunities: measuring the key population cascade through surveys and services to guide the HIV response
Authors: Hakim Avi Joseph , MacDonald Virginia , Hladik Wolfgang , Zhao Jinkou , Burnett Janet , Sabin Keith , Prybylski Dimitri , Garcia Calleja Jesus Maria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 targets to diagnose 90% of people living with HIV, put 90% of them on treatment, and for 90% of them to have suppressed viral load have focused the international HIV response on the goal of eliminating HIV by 2030. They are also a constructive tool for measuring progress toward reaching this goal but their utility is dependent upon data availability. Though more than 25% of new infections are among key populations (KP)‐ sex workers, men who have sex with men, transgender people, people who inject drugs, and prisoners‐ and their sex partners, there is a dearth of treatment cascade data for KP. We assess the availability of cascade data and review the opportunities offered by biobehavioral and programme data to inform the HIV response.DiscussionThe emphasis on the collection of treatment cascade data among the general population in higher prevalence countries has not led to a similar increase in the availability of cascade data for KP. The limited data available for KP highlight large gaps in service uptake across the cascade, particularly in the first 90, awareness of HIV status. Biobehavioral surveys (BBS), with linked population size estimation, provide population‐based data on the treatment cascade and should be conducted every two to three years in locations with services for KP. With the inclusion of viral load testing, these surveys are able to monitor the entire treatment cascade among KP regardless of whether these populations access HIV services targeting the general population or KP. BBS also reach people accessing services and those who do not, thereby providing a unique opportunity to learn about barriers to service uptake including stigma and discrimination. At the same time high‐quality programme data can play a complementary role in identifying missed opportunities that can be addressed in real‐time.ConclusionsData are more important than ever for guiding the HIV response toward reaching 90‐90‐90 targets and eliminating HIV, particularly in the face of decreased funding for HIV and specifically for KP. Timely high‐quality BBS data can be triangulated with high‐quality programme data to provide a comprehensive picture of the epidemic response for KP.
Estimating the contribution of key populations towards the spread ofHIVin Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Mukandavire Christinah , Walker Josephine , Schwartz Sheree , Boily Marie‐Claude , Danon Leon , Lyons Carrie , Diouf Daouda , Liestman Ben , Diouf Nafissatou Leye , Drame Fatou , Coly Karleen , Muhire Remy Serge Manzi , Thiam Safiatou , Diallo Papa Amadou Niang , Kane Coumba Toure , Ndour Cheikh , Volz Erik , Mishra Sharmistha , Baral Stefan , Vickerman Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionKey populations including female sex workers (FSW) and men who have sex with men (MSM) bear a disproportionate burden ofHIV. However, the role of focusing prevention efforts on these groups for reducing a country'sHIVepidemic is debated. We estimate the extent to whichHIVtransmission amongFSWandMSMcontributes to overallHIVtransmission in Dakar, Senegal, using a dynamic assessment of the population attributable fraction (PAF).MethodsA dynamic transmission model ofHIVamongFSW, their clients,MSMand the lower‐risk adult population was parameterized and calibrated within a Bayesian framework using setting‐specific demographic, behavioural,HIVepidemiological and antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage data for 1985 to 2015. We used the model to estimate the 10‐yearPAFof commercial sex betweenFSWand their clients, and sex between men, to overallHIVtransmission (defined as the percentage of new infections prevented when these modes of transmission are removed). In addition, we estimated the prevention benefits associated with historical increases in condom use andARTuptake, and impact of further increases in prevention and treatment.ResultsThe model projections suggest that unprotected sex between men contributed to 42% (2.5 to 97.5th percentile range 24 to 59%) of transmissions between 1995 and 2005, increasing to 64% (37 to 79%) from 2015 to 2025. The 10‐yearPAFof commercial sex is smaller, diminishing from 21% (7 to 39%) in 1995 to 14% (5 to 35%) in 2015. WithoutART, 49% (32 to 71%) moreHIVinfections would have occurred since 2000, whenARTwas initiated, whereas without condom use since 1985, 67% (27 to 179%) moreHIVinfections would have occurred, and the overallHIVprevalence would have been 60% (29 to 211%) greater than what it is now. Further large decreases inHIVincidence (68%) can be achieved by scaling upARTinMSMto 74% coverage and reducing their susceptibility toHIVby two‐thirds through any prevention modality.ConclusionsUnprotected sex between men may be an important contributor toHIVtransmission in Dakar, due to suboptimal coverage of evidence‐informed interventions. Although existing interventions have effectively reducedHIVtransmission among adults, it is crucial that further strategies address the unmet need amongMSM.
From conventional to disruptive: upturning the HIV testing status quo among men who have sex with men in Vietnam
Authors: Green Kimberly E , Vu Bao N , Phan Huong TT , Tran Minh H , Ngo Huu V , Vo Son H , Ngo Trang M , Doan Anh H , Tran Tham T , Nguyen Trang NN , Bao An , Hang Lan TX , Le Thanh M , Doan Tung T , Dang Linh H , Ha Giang TT 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionHIV prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Vietnam is increasing, while annual HIV testing uptake has remained consistently low, posing a significant challenge to reaching the 90‐90‐90 goals. Barriers to MSM seeking HIV testing include concerns regarding confidentiality and lack of convenient testing options. Two new HIV testing strategies—HIV lay provider and HIV self‐testing (HIVST)—were piloted alongside intensive social media outreach to increase access to and uptake of HIV testing among MSM not actively engaged in services.MethodsWe measured the proportion of first‐time MSM HIV testers opting for HIV lay or self‐testing, and factors that were associated with first‐time testing, as part of a larger HIV lay and self‐testing study among key populations in Vietnam. We also assessed MSM satisfaction with HIV lay or self‐testing, and testing location and provider preferences. Finally, we calculated linkage to care cascade among MSM that were diagnosed and enrolled in anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) services.ResultsAmong MSM that sought HIV lay and self‐testing, 57.9% (n = 320) and 51.3% (n = 412) were first‐time testers respectively. In the final adjusted models, the odds of being a first‐time tester and opting for HIV lay testing were higher among MSM who were young, had lower levels of income and had never exchanged sex for money; for HIVST, the odds of being a first‐time HIV tester were higher among MSM that had attained lower levels of education. HIV lay and self‐testing resulted in higher detection of new HIV cases (6.8%) compared to conventional HIV testing among key populations (estimated at 1.6% in 2016), while MSM linked to testing through social media interventions presented with even higher HIV‐positivity (11%). Combined, 1655 HIV cases were diagnosed and more than 90% were registered for ART services.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that MSM‐delivered HIV testing and self‐testing, promoted through online or face‐to‐face interactions, offer important additions to MSM HIV testing services in Vietnam, and could significantly contribute to epidemic control by increasing HIV testing among harder‐to‐reach and higher‐risk MSM, effectively enrolling them in ART, and reducing onward transmission.
Social network methods for HIV case‐finding among people who inject drugs in Tajikistan
Authors: Kan Maxim , Garfinkel Danielle B , Samoylova Olga , Gray Robert P , Little Kristen M 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionHIV testing programmes have struggled to reach the most marginalized populations at risk for HIV. Social network methods such as respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) and peer‐based active case‐finding (ACF) may be effective in overcoming barriers to reaching these populations. We compared the client characteristics, proportion testing HIV positive (yield), and number of new cases found through two RDS strategies and an ACF approach to HIV case‐finding among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Tajikistan.MethodsRoutine programme data from adult PWID recruited to testing under the HIV Flagship Project in Tajikistan were analysed to compare client demographic and clinical characteristics across the three approaches. We also compared the number of previously untested clients, the number of new HIV cases found, and the yield across the case‐finding strategies, and evaluated predictors of new HIV diagnosis using fixed‐effects logistic regression.ResultsFrom 24 October 2016 to 30 June 2017, Flagship tested 10,300 PWID for HIV, including 2143 under RDS with unrestricted waves (RDS1, yield: 1.5%), 3517 under restricted RDS (RDS2, yield: 2.6%), and 4640 under ACF (yield: 1.5%). Clients recruited under ACF were similar in age (35.8 vs. 36.8) and gender (91% vs. 90% male) to those recruited through RDS, though ACF clients were more likely to report being a first‐time tester (85.1% vs. 68.3%, p < 0.001). After controlling for age, sex, previous testing history and accounting for clustering at the site level, we found that clients tested under both RDS1 (aOR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.90) and RDS2 (aOR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.15) had higher odds of testing newly positive for HIV relative to clients recruited through ACF. We did not find significant differences in the odds of new HIV infection between those recruited from RDS1 versus RDS2 (aOR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.86).ConclusionsRDS‐based interventions resulted in higher yields and overall case‐finding, especially when recruitment was restricted. However, ACF identified a higher proportion of first‐time testers. To find at least 90% of PWID living with HIV in Tajikistan, it may be necessary to implement multiple case‐finding approaches concurrently to maximize testing coverage.
A recent advance in the intracellular and extracellular redox post‐translational modification of proteins in plants
Authors: Ruiz‐May Eliel , Segura‐Cabrera Aldo , Elizalde‐Contreras Jose M. , Shannon Laura M. , Loyola‐Vargas Víctor M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPlants, as sessile organisms, have acquired through evolution sophisticated regulatory signal pathways to overcome external variable factors during each stage of the life cycle. Among these regulatory signals, two pathways in particular, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, have become of significant interest in several aspects of plant biology, underpinning these molecules as critical regulators during development, cellular differentiation, and plant‐pathogen interaction. Recently, redox posttranslational modifications (PTM), such as S‐nitrosylation on cysteine residues and tyrosine nitration, have shed light on multiple protein targets, as they are associated with signal networks/downstream metabolic pathways, capable of transducing the imbalance of redox hemostasis and consequently redirecting the biochemical status under stress conditions. However, most of the redox PTM have been studied only in the intracellular compartment, providing limited information concerning redox PTM in the extracellular matrix of plant cells. Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated the plausibility of redox PTM in extracellular proteins, including cell wall associated proteins. Accordingly, in this review, we endeavor to examine evidence of redox PTM supported by mass spectrometry data in the intracellular and extracellular space in plant cells. As a further example, we focus the last section of this review on illustrating, using molecular dynamics simulation, the effect of S‐nitrosylation on the structural conformation of well‐known cell wall‐associated proteins including pectin methylesterase and xyloglucan endo‐transglycosylases.