bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer‐Wise Formation Mechanisms of an Entire‐Troposphere‐Thick Extratropical Cyclone That Induces a Record‐Breaking Catastrophic Rainstorm in Beijing
Authors: Li Wan‐Li , Xia Ru‐Di , Sun Jian‐Hua , Fu Shen‐Ming , Jiang Li‐Zhi , Chen Bao‐Fa , Tian Fu‐You 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA rarely seen entire‐troposphere‐thick (ETT) extratropical cyclone that induced a record‐breaking catastrophic rainstorm in Beijing (the largest since 1963) on 20 July 2016 was reproduced reasonably by a convection‐permitting Weather Research and Forecasting Model. This cyclone was the result of a vertical coupling of a lower, a middle, and an upper tropospheric cyclone, which formed at different times and locations. Dry air descending from the stratosphere through a tropopause folding process capped moist air to the middle and lower troposphere, making convection associated with the cyclone relatively shallow. Overall, cyclonic vorticity associated with the ETT cyclone enhanced much rapider than its wind kinetic energy (KE), and formation mechanisms of the ETT cyclone were characterized by layer‐wise features: (i) The formation of the middle and upper tropospheric cyclones was dominated by cyclonic vorticity transport, instead of cyclonic vorticity production, whereas the lower tropospheric cyclone was generated through both cyclonic vorticity transport and convergence‐related cyclonic vorticity production. (ii) Consistent with the cyclonic vorticity intensification, the formation of the lower and middle tropospheric cyclones featured an enhancement of rotational wind KE (in western section of the cyclone, this was mainly due to the work done by the pressure gradient force, but in eastern section, it was mainly due to the inward transport of wind KE by rotational wind), whereas the formation of the upper tropospheric cyclone featured a decrease in the rotational wind KE (particularly in its eastern section), which was in contrast to its increasing cyclonic vorticity. The export of wind KE by a southwesterly wind within the eastern section of the cyclone governed the rotational wind attenuation.
Radio Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation Using Compressive Statistical Sensing
Authors: Cucho‐Padin G. , Wang Y. , Li E. , Waldrop L. , Tian Z. , Kamalabadi F. , Perillat P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractQuasiperiodic radio frequency interference (RFI), such as those generated by telecommunication and active radar systems, is commonly encountered in radio astronomy observations. Such RFI‐contaminated signals contain hidden periodicities due to cyclic features involved in their formation (e.g., carrier frequencies, periodic keying of the amplitude, and baud rates). RFI signal characterization and its subsequent excision based on the well‐known cyclic spectrum analysis have been previously demonstrated; however, the high complexity of the algorithm and the computational cost of its implementation have limited its utility in radio astronomy, rendering less sophisticated solutions. To overcome this challenge, we present a novel method for RFI detection and mitigation based on efficient estimation of the cyclic spectrum by compressive statistical sensing (CSS) of sub‐Nyquist data. CSS performs second‐order statistical estimation such as cyclic spectrum using a reduced number of input samples, thereby enabling accelerated performance. To validate the feasibility of the proposed method, we conduct experiments with simulated data and assess the detection and mitigation results under different parameter settings, for example, interference‐to‐noise ratio, additional RFI sources, frequency resolution, and input data size. We demonstrate the real performance of the method by analyzing radio astronomy data (∼1.3 GHz) acquired with the L‐wide band receiver at the Arecibo Observatory, which is typically corrupted by active air surveillance radars located nearby. Our CSS‐based solution enables robust and efficient detection of the RFI frequency bands present in the L‐band data, and subsequent excision by blanking is also demonstrated.
TRPM8-androgen receptor association within lipid rafts promotes prostate cancer cell migration
Authors: Grolez Guillaume P. , Gordiendko Dmitri V. , Clarisse Manon , Hammadi Mehdi , Desruelles Emilie , Fromont Gaëlle , Prevarskaya Natalia , Slomianny Christian , Gkika Dimitra 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn prostate carcinogenesis, androgens are known to control the expression of the transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) protein via activation of androgen receptor (AR). Overexpression and/or activity of TRPM8 channel was shown to suppress prostate cancer (PCa) cell migration. Here we report that at certain concentrations androgens facilitate PCa cell migration. We show that underlying mechanism is inhibition of TRPM8 by activated AR which interacts with the channel within lipid rafts microdomains of the plasma membrane. Thus, our study has identified an additional nongenomic mechanism of the TRPM8 channel regulation by androgens that should be taken into account upon the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
CCT3 acts upstream of YAP and TFCP2 as a potential target and tumour biomarker in liver cancer
Authors: Liu Ya , Zhang Xiao , Lin Jiafei , Chen Yuxin , Qiao Yongxia , Guo Susu , Yang Yueyue , Zhu Guoqing , Pan Qiuhui , Wang Jiayi , Sun Fenyong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough Yes-associated protein (YAP) is very important to liver cancer, its nuclear localisation prevents consideration as a promising therapeutic target and a diagnostic biomarker. Recently, we reported that the protumourigenic roles of YAP in liver cancer are indispensable for transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2) in a Hippo-independent manner; however, proteins that act upstream to simultaneously control YAP and TFCP2 remain unclear. The aim of this study was to uncover such proteins and evaluate whether they are potential YAP-associated therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Mass spectrometry revealed that chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 3 (CCT3) co-interact with YAP and TFCP2, and notably, CCT3 is a non-nuclear protein. CCT3 was elevated in liver cancer, and its higher expression was associated with poorer overall survival. Inhibiting CCT3 resulted in a suppressed transformative phenotype in liver cancer cells, suggesting that CCT3 might be a potential therapeutic target. CCT3 prolonged half-life of YAP and TFCP2 by blocking their ubiquitination caused by poly(rC) binding protein 2 (PCBP2) in a beta-transducin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (βTrCP)-independent manner. Interestingly, PCBP2 directly interacted with YAP via a WB motif-WW domain interaction, whereas indirectly interacted with TFCP2 via the aid of YAP. Furthermore, CCT3 was capable of separating PCBP2-YAP interactions, thereby preventing YAP and TFCP2 from PCBP2-induced ubiquitination. Moreover, YAP and TFCP2 were downstream of CCT3 to positively control tumourigenesis, yet such effects were inhibited by PCBP2. Clinically, CCT3 was positively correlated with YAP and TFCP2, and elevated levels of the CCT3-YAP-TFCP2 axis might be critical for liver malignancy. In addition, seral-CCT3 was proven to be a potential biomarker, and its diagnostic capacity was better than that of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) to a certain extent. Together, CCT3 acts as a trigger of YAP and TFCP2 to affect tumourigenesis and serves as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker in liver cancer.
Accurate detection of m6A RNA modifications in native RNA sequences
Authors: Liu Huanle , Begik Oguzhan , Lucas Morghan C. , Ramirez Jose Miguel , Mason Christopher E. , Wiener David , Schwartz Schraga , Mattick John S. , Smith Martin A. , Novoa Eva Maria 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe epitranscriptomics field has undergone an enormous expansion in the last few years; however, a major limitation is the lack of generic methods to map RNA modifications transcriptome-wide. Here, we show that using direct RNA sequencing, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications can be detected with high accuracy, in the form of systematic errors and decreased base-calling qualities. Specifically, we find that our algorithm, trained with m6A-modified and unmodified synthetic sequences, can predict m6A RNA modifications with ~90% accuracy. We then extend our findings to yeast data sets, finding that our method can identify m6A RNA modifications in vivo with an accuracy of 87%. Moreover, we further validate our method by showing that these ‘errors’ are typically not observed in yeast ime4-knockout strains, which lack m6A modifications. Our results open avenues to investigate the biological roles of RNA modifications in their native RNA context.
Exploring use of unsupervised clustering to associate signaling profiles of GPCR ligands to clinical response
Authors: Benredjem Besma , Gallion Jonathan , Pelletier Dennis , Dallaire Paul , Charbonneau Johanie , Cawkill Darren , Nagi Karim , Gosink Mark , Lukasheva Viktoryia , Jenkinson Stephen , Ren Yong , Somps Christopher , Murat Brigitte , Van Der Westhuizen Emma , Le Gouill Christian , Lichtarge Olivier , Schmidt Anne , Bouvier Michel , Pineyro Graciela 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSignaling diversity of G protein-coupled (GPCR) ligands provides novel opportunities to develop more effective, better-tolerated therapeutics. Taking advantage of these opportunities requires identifying which effectors should be specifically activated or avoided so as to promote desired clinical responses and avoid side effects. However, identifying signaling profiles that support desired clinical outcomes remains challenging. This study describes signaling diversity of mu opioid receptor (MOR) ligands in terms of logistic and operational parameters for ten different in vitro readouts. It then uses unsupervised clustering of curve parameters to: classify MOR ligands according to similarities in type and magnitude of response, associate resulting ligand categories with frequency of undesired events reported to the pharmacovigilance program of the Food and Drug Administration and associate signals to side effects. The ability of the classification method to associate specific in vitro signaling profiles to clinically relevant responses was corroborated using β2-adrenergic receptor ligands.
PIF transcription factors link a neighbor threat cue to accelerated reproduction in Arabidopsis
Authors: Galvāo Vinicius Costa , Fiorucci Anne-Sophie , Trevisan Martine , Franco-Zorilla José Manuel , Goyal Anupama , Schmid-Siegert Emanuel , Solano Roberto , Fankhauser Christian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChanges in light quality indicative of competition for this essential resource influence plant growth and developmental transitions; however, little is known about neighbor proximity-induced acceleration of reproduction. Phytochrome B (phyB) senses light cues from plant competitors, ultimately leading to the expression of the floral inducers FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TWIN SISTER of FT (TSF). Here we show that PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs 4, 5 and 7 (PIF4, PIF5 and PIF7) mediate neighbor proximity-induced flowering, with PIF7 playing a prominent role. These transcriptional regulators act directly downstream of phyB to promote expression of FT and TSF. Neighbor proximity enhances PIF accumulation towards the end of the day, coinciding with enhanced floral inducer expression. We present evidence supporting direct PIF-regulated TSF expression. The relevance of our findings is illustrated by the prior identification of FT, TSF and PIF4 as loci underlying flowering time regulation in natural conditions.
Zebrafish behavioural profiling identifies GABA and serotonin receptor ligands related to sedation and paradoxical excitation
Authors: McCarroll Matthew N. , Gendelev Leo , Kinser Reid , Taylor Jack , Bruni Giancarlo , Myers-Turnbull Douglas , Helsell Cole , Carbajal Amanda , Rinaldi Capria , Kang Hye Jin , Gong Jung Ho , Sello Jason K. , Tomita Susumu , Peterson Randall T. , Keiser Michael J. , Kokel David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAnesthetics are generally associated with sedation, but some anesthetics can also increase brain and motor activity—a phenomenon known as paradoxical excitation. Previous studies have identified GABAA receptors as the primary targets of most anesthetic drugs, but how these compounds produce paradoxical excitation is poorly understood. To identify and understand such compounds, we applied a behavior-based drug profiling approach. Here, we show that a subset of central nervous system depressants cause paradoxical excitation in zebrafish. Using this behavior as a readout, we screened thousands of compounds and identified dozens of hits that caused paradoxical excitation. Many hit compounds modulated human GABAA receptors, while others appeared to modulate different neuronal targets, including the human serotonin-6 receptor. Ligands at these receptors generally decreased neuronal activity, but paradoxically increased activity in the caudal hindbrain. Together, these studies identify ligands, targets, and neurons affecting sedation and paradoxical excitation in vivo in zebrafish.
Design and synthesis of highly active MoVTeNb-oxides for ethane oxidative dehydrogenation
Authors: Melzer Daniel , Mestl Gerhard , Wanninger Klaus , Zhu Yuanyuan , Browning Nigel D. , Sanchez-Sanchez Maricruz , Lercher Johannes A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEthane oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) is an alternative route for ethene production. Crystalline M1 phase of Mo-V mixed metal oxide is an excellent catalyst for this reaction. Here we show a hydrothermal synthesis method that generates M1 phases with high surface areas starting from poorly soluble metal oxides. Use of organic additives allows control of the concentration of metals in aqueous suspension. Reactions leading to crystalline M1 take place at 190 °C, i.e., approximately 400 °C lower than under current synthesis conditions. The evolution of solvated polyoxometalate ions and crystalline phases in the solid is monitored by spectroscopies. Catalysts prepared by this route show higher ODH activity compared to conventionally prepared catalysts. The higher activity is due not only to the high specific surface area but also to the corrugated lateral termination of the M1 crystals, as seen by atomic resolution electron microscopy, exposing a high concentration of catalytically active sites.
Moebius strips of chiral block copolymers
Authors: Geng Zhen , Xiong Bijin , Wang Liquan , Wang Ke , Ren Min , Zhang Lianbin , Zhu Jintao , Yang Zhenzhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe Moebius topology (twisted, single-sided strip) is intriguing because of its structural elegance and distinct properties. Here we report the generation of block copolymer Moebius strips via a fast self-assembly of chiral block copolymer polystyrene-block-poly(D-lactide acid) (PS-b-PDLA) in tetrahydrofuran/water mixed solvents. The Moebius strip is formed by morphological evolution from large compound micelle (LCM) to spindle-like micelle (SLM) and then to toroid with a 180° twist along the ring. Mechanism insight reveals that a subtle balance of crystallization of PDLA and microphase separation between PS and PDLA chains dominates the formation of Moebius strips. An intriguing helix-helix transition occurs during the chiral transfer from microphase to assemblies, which is driven by relaxation of the internal stress within SLM related to orientated stretching of PS chains. Mesoporous chiral channels can be generated within Moebius strips after removal of PDLA, which are interesting in chiral recognition, separation and asymmetric catalysis.
CDK5-dependent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of TRIM59 promotes macroH2A1 ubiquitination and tumorigenicity
Authors: Sang Youzhou , Li Yanxin , Zhang Yingwen , Alvarez Angel A. , Yu Bo , Zhang Weiwei , Hu Bo , Cheng Shi-Yuan , Feng Haizhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite the development of adjuvant therapies, glioblastoma (GBM) patients remain incurable, thus justifying the urgent need of new therapies. CDK5 plays a critical role in GBM and is a potential target for GBM. However, the mechanism by which CDK5 promotes GBM tumorigenicity remains largely unknown. Here, we identify TRIM59 as a substrate of CDK5. EGFR-activated CDK5 directly binds to and phosphorylates TRIM59, a ubiquitin ligase at serine 308, which recruits PIN1 for cis–trans isomerization of TRIM59, leading to TRIM59 binding to importin α5 and nuclear translocation. Nuclear TRIM59 induces ubiquitination and degradation of the tumor suppressive histone variant macroH2A1, leading to enhanced STAT3 signaling activation and tumorigenicity. These findings are confirmed by inhibition of CDK5-activated TRIM59 activity that results in suppression of intracranial tumor growth. Correlative expressions of the components of this pathway are clinically prognostic. Our findings suggest targeting CDK5/TRIM59 signaling axis as a putative strategy for treating GBM.
Sensory representations in the striatum provide a temporal reference for learning and executing motor habits
Authors: Hidalgo-Balbuena Ana E. , Luma Annie Y. , Pimentel-Farfan Ana K. , Peña-Rangel Teresa , Rueda-Orozco Pavel E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPrevious studies indicate that the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) integrates sensorimotor information from cortical and thalamic regions to learn and execute motor habits. However, the exact contribution of sensory representations to this process is still unknown. Here we explore the role of the forelimb somatosensory flow in the DLS during the learning and execution of motor habits. First, we compare rhythmic somesthetic representations in the DLS and primary somatosensory cortex in anesthetized rats, and find that sequential and temporal stimuli contents are more strongly represented in the DLS. Then, using a behavioral protocol in which rats developed a stereotyped motor sequence, functional disconnection experiments, and pharmacologic and optogenetic manipulations in apprentice and expert animals, we reveal that somatosensory thalamic- and cortical-striatal pathways are indispensable for the temporal component of execution. Our results indicate that the somatosensory flow in the DLS provides the temporal reference for the development and execution of motor habits.
Neural correlates of victimization in psychosis: differences in brain response to angry faces
Authors: van der Stouwe Elisabeth C. D. , van Busschbach Jooske T. , Opmeer Esther M. , de Vries Bertine , Marsman Jan-Bernard C. , Aleman André , Pijnenborg Gerdina H. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIndividuals with psychosis are at an increased risk of victimization. Processing of facial expressions has been suggested to be associated with victimization in this patient group. Especially processing of angry expressions may be relevant in the context of victimization. Therefore, differences in brain activation and connectivity between victimized and nonvictimized patients during processing of angry faces were investigated. Thirty-nine patients, of whom nineteen had experienced threats, assaults, or sexual violence in the past 5 years, underwent fMRI scanning, during which they viewed angry and neutral facial expressions. Using general linear model (GLM) analyses, generalized psychophysiological (gPPI) analysis and independent component analyses (ICA) differences in brain activation and connectivity between groups in response to angry faces were investigated. Whereas differences in regional brain activation GLM and gPPI analyses yielded no differences between groups, ICA revealed more deactivation of the sensorimotor network in victimized participants. Deactivation of the sensorimotor network in response to angry faces in victimized patients, might indicate a freeze reaction to threatening stimuli, previously observed in traumatized individuals.
Asymmetric developmental change regarding the effect of reward and punishment on response inhibition
Authors: Miyasaka Mami , Nomura Michio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractReward and punishment influence inhibitory performance, but developmental changes in these effects are not well understood. Our aim was to understand the effects of potential reward gains and losses (as indices of reward and punishment) on response inhibition among children and adolescents. We conducted financial and non-financial go/no-go tasks with 40 boys (8- to 15-year-olds). Participants gained or lost money depending on their performance on the financial task, and score rankings were compared to participants on the non-financial task. We found that adolescents’ inhibitory control, as reflected in their reaction times when they made inhibitory errors, was lower in the reward-present condition than in the reward-absent condition, although accuracy was higher when the reward was available for all participants. Additionally, inhibitory control, specifically among adolescents, was higher for financial feedback than for non-financial feedback. These results suggest that the effects of reward and feedback type on motor impulsivity differ as a function of developmental stage. We discuss the theoretical implications of the present findings in terms of the interaction between emotional feedback and response inhibition among children and adolescents.
The association of gut microbiota characteristics in Malawian infants with growth and inflammation
Authors: Kamng’ona Arox W. , Young Rebecca , Arnold Charles D. , Kortekangas Emma , Patson Noel , Jorgensen Josh M. , Prado Elizabeth L. , Chaima David , Malamba Chikondi , Ashorn Ulla , Fan Yue-Mei , Cheung Yin B. , Ashorn Per , Maleta Kenneth , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe tested the hypotheses that a more mature or diverse gut microbiota will be positively associated with infant growth and inversely associated with inflammation. We characterized gut microbiota from the stool samples of Malawian infants at 6 mo (n = 527), 12 mo (n = 632) and 18 mo (n = 629) of age. Microbiota diversity and maturity measurements were based on Shannon diversity index and microbiota for age Z-score (MAZ), respectively. Growth was calculated as change in Z-scores for weight-for-age (WAZ), length-for-age (LAZ) and head circumference-for-age (HCZ) from 6 to 12 mo and 12 to 18 mo. Biomarkers of inflammation (alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were measured at 6 and 18 mo. Multivariable models were used to assess the association of each independent variable with each outcome. Microbiota diversity and maturity were related to growth in weight from 6 to 12 mo, but not to growth in length or head circumference or to growth from 12 to 18 mo. Microbiota diversity and maturity may also be linked to inflammation, but findings were inconsistent.