bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A planar UWB MIMO antenna with gain enhancement and isolation improvement for the 5G Mobile platform
Authors: Jin Yunnan , Ko Minbeom , O Yeonjeong , Choi Jaehoon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA planar ultra‐wide band (UWB) multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) antenna with gain enhancement and isolation improvement for the 5G mobile platform is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of two planar UWB low‐band antenna elements: a compact multi‐loop antenna and a ground‐slotted planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) located on the opposite side of the rectangular ground plane. These two antennas satisfy the 10‐dB return loss bandwidth from 2.90 to 6.94 GHz for multi‐loop antenna and from 2.79 to 7.23 GHz for slotted PIFA antenna, respectively. A high isolation level of greater than 20 dB is realized without applying any additional decoupling structures. The realized gains are larger than 2.9 dBi. The experimental and simulated results of the proposed antenna are in good agreement with each other.
miR‐20b, miR‐296, and Let‐7f Expression in Human Adipose Tissue is Related to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gentile Adriana‐Mariel , Lhamyani Said , Coín‐Aragüez Leticia , Clemente‐Postigo Mercedes , Oliva Olivera Wilfredo , Romero‐Zerbo Silvana‐Yanina , García‐Serrano Sara , García‐Escobar Eva , Zayed Hatem , Doblado Esther , Bermúdez‐Silva Francisco‐Javier , Murri Mora , Tinahones Francisco J. , El Bekay Rajaa 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the potential association of different microRNA (miRNA) molecules with both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity and determine their target genes.MethodsQuantitative PCR was used to analyze the miR‐20b, miR‐296, and Let‐7f levels in human visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (ATs) in relation to obesity and T2D, miRTarBase 4.0 was used for validation of target genes, and the Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER) Classification System and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) were used to annotate the biological processes of the predicted targets.ResultsIn AT, miR‐20b, miR‐296, and Let‐7f levels were significantly different between normoglycemic subjects and those with T2D. In visceral adipose tissue, miRNA levels were higher in normoglycemic/obesity samples than in T2D/obesity samples. miR‐20b‐miR‐296 and Let‐7f target genes that showed significant differences in both ATs in relation to obesity and T2D were CDKN1A, CX3CL1, HIF1A, PPP2R1B, STAT3, and VEGFA. These genes are known to be principally involved in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and WNT pathways.ConclusionsThis study provides experimental evidence of the possible correlation between AT miR‐20b‐miR‐296‐Let‐7f with obesity and T2D, which might involve vascular endothelial growth factor and WNT‐dependent pathways that are regulated by six different genes, suggesting a novel signaling pathway that could be important for understanding the mechanisms underlying the AT dysfunction associated with obesity and T2D.
Influence of Sleep Duration on Postpartum Weight Change in Black and Hispanic Women
Authors: Herring Sharon J. , Yu Daohai , Spaeth Andrea , Pien Grace , Darden Niesha , Riis Valerie , Bersani Veronica , Wallen Jessica , Davey Adam , Foster Gary D. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThe primary purpose of this study was to examine associations of objectively measured sleep duration with weight changes in black and Hispanic mothers over the first postpartum year.MethodsData were from 159 mothers (69% black, 32% Hispanic). Nocturnal sleep duration was assessed using wrist actigraphy at 6 weeks and 5 months post partum, examined as a continuous variable and in categories (< 7 vs. ≥ 7 hours/night, consistent with American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommendations). Body weights were abstracted from medical records in pregnancy and measured at 6 weeks, 5 months, and 12 months post partum. Outcomes included early postpartum (6 weeks to 5 months) and late postpartum (5 to 12 months) weight changes.ResultsThe majority of participants slept < 7 hours/night at 6 weeks (75%) and 5 months (63%) post partum. Early postpartum weight change did not differ by 6‐week sleep duration category. By contrast, adjusted average late postpartum weight gain (SE) was 1.8 (0.7) kg higher in participants sleeping < 7 hours/night at 5 months post partum compared with those sleeping ≥ 7 hours/night (P = 0.02). Results did not show statistically significant associations of continuous measures of sleep duration, nor of measures of sleep quality, with postpartum weight changes.ConclusionsSleeping < 7 hours/night was associated with late postpartum weight gain in minority mothers.
Associations of Parental General Monitoring with Adolescent Weight‐Related Behaviors and Weight Status
Authors: Kim Kay W. , Wallander Jan L. , Felt John M. , Elliott Marc N. , Schuster Mark A. 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThis study examined how parental general monitoring (PGM), which refers to parental awareness of adolescents’ activities in various domains, is associated with adolescents’ weight status and related behaviors and whether these relationships differ among racial/ethnic groups.MethodsData are from 4,088 Black, Latino, and White youth assessed in seventh grade (mean age = 13.06). BMI percentile based on measured height and weight indicated weight status. PGM was assessed by adolescent report of parents’ awareness of money spending, friends, and whereabouts. Adolescents reported both healthy and unhealthy dietary intake (DI), physical activity, and screen time over the past 7 days. Total sample and multigroup structural models were estimated.ResultsPGM was associated with lower weight status for the total sample, as well as being positively associated with healthy DI and physical activity and inversely associated with screen time across racial/ethnic groups. PGM was also inversely associated with unhealthy DI, except for in Black adolescents. There was an indirect effect from PGM to lower weight status via reduced screen time among Latino and White adolescents.ConclusionsPositive outcomes associated with PGM are extended to weight status and related behaviors. Efforts at improving weight status and related behaviors could benefit from addressing general parenting practices with their children.
Using a six‐step co‐design model to develop and test a peer‐led web‐based resource (PLWR) to support informal carers of cancer patients
Authors: Santin Olinda , McShane Theresa , Hudson Peter , Prue Gillian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo co‐design and test the acceptability of a peer‐led web‐based resource (PLWR) for cancer carers to provide practical and emotional advice on common issues.MethodsA six‐step co‐design model informed PLWR development. Content was developed through three cancer carer workshops and monthly meetings with an expert advisory team (n = 12). User‐testing was conducted via web‐based survey and telephone interview. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were utilised. Google analytics explored site visits, commonly used components, and time spent using the PLWR.ResultsThe PLWR was developed to deliver cancer carer information tailored to each stage of the illness trajectory regardless of cancer type, in the form of videoed personal experiences. From November to May 2018, there were 2789 unique visits to the PLWR with 743 returners. The majority of time was spent on the full unclipped peer stories (414 views), and diagnosis‐specific information (159 views), with less time spent on bereavement, cancer treatment, or self‐care (120 views each). Fifty‐five individuals completed the resource evaluation, with 10 participating in telephone interviews. Fifty‐four carers rated the resource as excellent, useful, and easy to use. The web‐based videos were regarded as convenient as and less burdensome than written information. The resource provided relevant information, potentially reducing isolation and uncertainty.ConclusionThe content and design of the PLWR appear acceptable to cancer carers. The co‐design model is an effective way to develop appropriate information for service users and could be utilised as a framework for development of other interventions in a variety of disease groups.
Psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index in cancer survivors
Authors: Yusufov Miryam , Zhou Eric S. , Recklitis Christopher J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveInsomnia is commonly associated with cancer treatment. Cancer treatments increase risk for numerous psychological and medical late effects, thus making cancer survivors psychologically and medically vulnerable. Prior research examined psychometric properties of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) with various populations, including the French version of the ISI, with participants undergoing active cancer treatment. However, no prior studies examined insomnia exclusively with cancer survivors, using the English version of the ISI.MethodsThis study examined internal consistency and factor structure of an English version of the ISI in 100 cancer survivors (Mage = 51.1; SD = 14.92). This final analytic sample was composed of participants from three different insomnia interventions. Survivors ranged from less than 1 year off treatment (17%) to 21+ years off treatment (6%), with most participants off treatment for 1 to 2 years (24%).ResultsThe mean ISI score for the total sample was 16.69 (SD = 4.47), indicating clinical insomnia, with moderate severity. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated two factors (five items loading on Factor I and two items loading on Factor II) and acceptable reliability (α = .73). Item‐total correlations ranged from .15 to .63.ConclusionsFindings support the reliability of the ISI in cancer survivors. However, its factor structure warrants additional research with larger samples of cancer survivors. Results suggest inconsistency across participant responses and that ISI items may be functioning differently with this unique population of cancer survivors. Findings indicate that sleep maintenance problems are central to the experience of insomnia in our survivor sample.
In this issue of Weather
Authors: Galvin Jim 
Published: December 2018

We begin the new year of Weather with a fascinating examination of oceanic salinity and its measurement from space in ‘Salinity from space’ by M Srokosz and C Banks. Most important in the process of oceanic circulation and analogous to humidity in the atmosphere, creating water masses with particular characteristics, is its salt content. The proportion and absolute amount of salt is variable, but until recently it has not been possible to sense this variation in near‐real time, the most readily available data being the system of Argo floats. This paper shows the value of the recently launched European Space Agency Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellites, which measure the salinity of all the world's oceans, every three days.On p. 8, Alan Hisscott describes the use of a microwave sensor of the lower troposphere on the Isle of Man to explore atmospheric characteristics and weather features in ‘Exploiting wind profiler information’ using seven examples of data from the instrument.Personal weather stations have become very popular in recent years and sharing the information gathered is a useful adjunct to official weather observations. However, systems to allow this data to be seen on the Internet vary, as outlined by Michael Butler in ‘Personal weather stations and sharing weather data via the Internet’ on p. 22.On p. 30, we have the third in our irregular series of Climate Change Shorts, this one asking ‘How is sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic changing?’ by Dan Jones, Emily Shuckburgh and Ed Hawkins.Our final paper this month looks at rainfall in north‐eastern India in ‘Spatial trends in rainfall seasonality: a case study in Jharkhand, India’ by Shonam Sharma and Prasoon Kumar Singh on p. 31.
The effects of information and communication technologies on informal caregivers of persons living with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Lucero Robert J. , Fehlberg Elizabeth A. , Patel Aditi G.M. , Bjarnardottir Ragnhildur I. , Williams Renessa , Lee Karis , Ansell Margaret , Bakken Suzanne , Luchsinger Jose A. , Mittelman Mary 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionInformation and communication technology (ICT) has emerged as promising to support health care consumers, including informal caregivers. This systematic review seeks to evaluate the state of the science of ICT interventions on the health of informal dementia caregivers.MethodsWe searched PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO using concepts associated with ICT, dementia, and caregiver. Studies were assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.ResultsWe identified 657 full‐text publications. After removal of duplicates and title, abstract, and full‐text screening, the quality of 12 studies was assessed. Studies varied in technology, implementation, results, and intervention evaluation.DiscussionThe methodological quality of the ICT intervention studies among dementia family caregivers was moderate to strong, yet outcome measurement was not uniform. The evidence is strongest for various forms of telephone‐based interventions. However, there is a need for research that includes heterogeneous participants based on gender, race, and ethnicity.
No Impact of Increased EPSPS Gene Copy Number on Growth and Fecundity of Glyphosate-Resistant Kochia (Bassia scoparia)
Authors: Osipitan O. Adewale , Dille J. Anita 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe level of glyphosate resistance in kochia [Bassia scoparia(L.) A. J. Scott] was reported to be due to an increase in 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene copy number. A field study was conducted near Manhattan, KS, in 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the relationship between EPSPS gene copy number and growth and fecundity variables ofB. scopariaindividuals within suspected glyphosate-resistant (GR) populations from western Kansas. Initial assays of EPSPS gene copy and in vivo shikimate accumulation showed thatB. scopariapopulations from Finney (FN-R), Scott (SC-R), and Thomas (TH-R) counties were segregating for glyphosate resistance, with some individuals still being glyphosate susceptible (GS). A target-neighborhood competition approach was used to evaluate the competitive response of individual target plants with relatively low (classified as GS) and high (classified as GR) EPSPS gene copy number within the populations. There was no relationship observed between EPSPS gene copy number and vegetative or fecundity variables. There was no differential competitive response of target plant biomass to increasing neighbor density between individuals with low and high EPSPS gene copy number within each population. Lack of associated vegetative growth and fecundity cost to the increased EPSPS gene copy in the GRB. scopariaplants suggests that the plants are likely to persist in field populations, except when effective weed management strategies are adopted that would prevent their growth and seed production.
A Perturbative Approach for Modeling Short‐Term Fluid‐Driven Ground Deformation Episodes on Volcanoes: A Case Study in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy)
Authors: Petrillo Z. , D'Auria L. , Mangiacapra A. , Chiodini G. , Caliro S. , Scippacercola S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGround deformation in volcanic areas is linked to various, often interconnected processes such as magma intrusion, pressurized fluid migration, and thermal expansion effects. The presence of active and extended hydrothermal systems plays a key role and affects the deformation phenomenon in complex ways. In this study, we propose a generalized conceptual and mathematical model, which allows retrieving the flow rate of fluid injection in a volcanic hydrothermal system, assuming a ground deformation data set as input. The basic assumption is that short‐term ground uplift episodes (with characteristic periods of less than 5 years) depend on the injection of volcanic fluids into the hydrothermal system. Then, assuming a deformation field shape independent of time and a linear time‐invariant relation between the amount of injected fluid and the resulting ground deformation, we define a Green's function as the product of spatial and temporal components. The case study is a 3‐D elastic model with permeability and porosity for the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy. By Green's function, a 2‐km‐long source at 2.4‐km depth, which matches the interferometric synthetic aperture radar deformation, is localized and the amount of injected volcanic fluid in the last 20 years of high‐frequency deformation episodes estimated. In conclusion, we find a good agreement between the measured and estimated temporal deformation patterns and, principally, that fluid injection rates can be retrieved from the deformation field at volcanoes.
A Widespread Early Mesozoic Remagnetization in South China
Authors: Jiao Wenjun , Li Yong‐Xiang , Yang Zhenyu , Liu Jiarun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe recent discovery of a possible Late Cambrian true polar wander (TPW) from the Jiangshan section in eastern South China has intrigued us to test this TPW in other continuous, well‐dated Upper Cambrian successions. We have conducted a detailed paleomagnetic study of a continuous Upper Cambrian succession in Wa'ergang, Hunan Province, middle South China, that contains well‐defined trilobite zones correlative with those of the Jiangshan section. Three remanence components were isolated from the Upper Cambrian limestone. The low‐ and intermediate‐temperature components represent a recent viscous magnetization and a Cretaceous remagnetization, respectively. The high‐temperature component passes fold tests, but its pole lies close to the Middle Triassic pole of South China, indicating a Middle Triassic remagnetization. Rock magnetic analyses and petrographic observations indicate that the high‐temperature component resides in small framboidal magnetite aggregates that were formed via alteration and replacement of pyrite and represents a chemical remagnetization. This Middle Triassic remagnetization and previously recognized Triassic remagnetization exhibit a younging trend from the east to the west of South China. The widespread Triassic remagnetization was likely associated with the Indosinian orogeny during which the scissor‐like suturing processes between the South and North China Blocks and the accompanying so‐called squeegeed orogenic fluids led to progressively westward younging remagnetization in South China. Although the new paleomagnetic results do not allow us to effectively test the Late Cambrian TPW due to the thorough remagnetization, these data provide important insights into understanding the Early Mesozoic remagnetization and associated geological processes.
Updates to the Noah Land Surface Model in WRF‐CMAQ to Improve Simulated Meteorology, Air Quality, and Deposition
Authors: Campbell Patrick C. , Bash Jesse O. , Spero Tanya L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRegional, state, and local environmental regulatory agencies often use Eulerian models to investigate the potential impacts on pollutant deposition and air quality from changes in land use, anthropogenic and natural emissions, and climate. The Noah land surface model (LSM) in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is widely used with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for such investigations, but there are many inconsistencies that need to be changed so that they are consistent with dry deposition and emission processes. In this work, the Noah LSM in WRFv3.8.1 is improved in its linkage to CMAQv5.2 by adding important parameters to the WRF/Noah output, updating the WRF soil and vegetation reference tables that influence CMAQ wet and dry photochemical deposition processes, and decreasing WRF/Noah's top soil layer depth to be consistent with CMAQ processes (e.g., windblown dust and bidirectional ammonia exchange). The modified WRF/Noah‐CMAQ system (both off‐line and coupled) impacts meteorological predictions of 2‐m temperature (T2; increases and decreases), 2‐m mixing ratio (Q2; decreases), and 10‐m wind speed (WSPD10; decreases) in the United States. These changes are mostly driven by leaf area index values and aerodynamic roughness lengths updated in the vegetation tables based on satellite data, with additional impacts from soil tables updated based on recent soil data. Improvements in the consistency in the treatment of land surface processes between CMAQ and WRF resulted in improvements in both estimated meteorological (e.g., T2, WSPD10, and latent heat fluxes) and chemical (e.g., ozone, sulfur dioxide, and windblown dust) model estimates.
Experimental evidence of symmetry breaking of transition-path times
Authors: Gladrow J. , Ribezzi-Crivellari M. , Ritort F. , Keyser U. F. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhile thermal rates of state transitions in classical systems have been studied for almost a century, associated transition-path times have only recently received attention. Uphill and downhill transition paths between states at different free energies should be statistically indistinguishable. Here, we systematically investigate transition-path-time symmetry and report evidence of its breakdown on the molecular- and meso-scale out of equilibrium. In automated Brownian dynamics experiments, we establish first-passage-time symmetries of colloids driven by femtoNewton forces in holographically-created optical landscapes confined within microchannels. Conversely, we show that transitions which couple in a path-dependent manner to fluctuating forces exhibit asymmetry. We reproduce this asymmetry in folding transitions of DNA-hairpins driven out of equilibrium and suggest a topological mechanism of symmetry breakdown. Our results are relevant to measurements that capture a single coordinate in a multidimensional free energy landscape, as encountered in electrophysiology and single-molecule fluorescence experiments.
Tiny droplets of ocean island basalts unveil Earth’s deep chlorine cycle
Authors: Hanyu Takeshi , Shimizu Kenji , Ushikubo Takayuki , Kimura Jun-Ichi , Chang Qing , Hamada Morihisa , Ito Motoo , Iwamori Hikaru , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFully characterising the exchange of volatile elements between the Earth’s interior and surface layers has been a longstanding challenge. Volatiles scavenged from seawater by hydrothermally altered oceanic crust have been transferred to the upper mantle during subduction of the oceanic crust, but whether these volatiles are carried deeper into the lower mantle is poorly understood. Here we present evidence of the deep-mantle Cl cycle recorded in melt inclusions in olivine crystals in ocean island basalts sourced from the lower mantle. We show that Cl-rich melt inclusions are associated with radiogenic Pb isotopes, indicating ancient subducted oceanic crust in basalt sources, together with lithophile elements characteristic of melts from a carbonated source. These signatures collectively indicate that seawater-altered and carbonated oceanic crust conveyed surface Cl downward to the lower mantle, forming a Cl-rich reservoir that accounts for 13–26% or an even greater proportion of the total Cl in the mantle.