bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Convergent Synthetic Strategy towards Oligosaccharides containing 2,3,6‐Trideoxypyranoglycosides
Authors: Lee Juyeol , Kang Soyeong , Kim Jungjoon , Moon Dohyun , Rhee Young Ho 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA de novo synthetic strategy for the production of oligosaccharides containing 2,3,6‐trideoxypyranoglycoside is reported. The key event is the Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric diastereoselective hydroalkoxylation of ene‐alkoxyallene‐linked glycosidic fragments. The utility of this approach was demonstrated by the activation‐free, stereodivergent, and convergent synthesis of various 2‐deoxyoligosaccharides, as well as their aglycon conjugates.
Aliphatic Radical Relay Heck Reaction at Unactivated C(sp3)−H Sites of Alcohols
Authors: Chuentragool Padon , Yadagiri Dongari , Morita Taiki , Sarkar Sumon , Parasram Marvin , Wang Yang , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Mizoroki–Heck reaction is one of the most efficient methods for alkenylation of aryl, vinyl, and alkyl halides. Given its innate nature, this protocol requires the employment of compounds possessing a halogen atom at the site of functionalization. However, the accessibility of organic molecules possessing a halogen atom at a particular site in aliphatic systems is extremely limited. Thus, a protocol that allows a Heck reaction to occur at a specific nonfunctionalized C(sp3)−H site is desirable. Reported here is a radical relay Heck reaction which allows selective remote alkenylation of aliphatic alcohols at unactivated β‐, γ‐, and δ‐C(sp3)−H sites. The use of an easily installed/removed Si‐based auxiliary enables selective I‐atom/radical translocation events at remote C−H sites followed by the Heck reaction. Notably, the reaction proceeds smoothly under mild visible‐light‐mediated conditions at room temperature, producing highly modifiable and valuable alkenol products from readily available alcohols feedstocks.
A Nitrogen‐Rich 2D sp2‐Carbon‐Linked Conjugated Polymer Framework as a High‐Performance Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Shunqi , Wang Gang , Biswal Bishnu P. , Addicoat Matthew , Paasch Silvia , Sheng Wenbo , Zhuang Xiaodong , Brunner Eike , Heine Thomas , Berger Reinhard , Feng Xinliang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA two‐dimensional (2D) sp2‐carbon‐linked conjugated polymer framework (2D CCP‐HATN) has a nitrogen‐doped skeleton, a periodical dual‐pore structure and high chemical stability. The polymer backbone consists of hexaazatrinaphthalene (HATN) and cyanovinylene units linked entirely by carbon–carbon double bonds. Profiting from the shape‐persistent framework of 2D CCP‐HATN integrated with the electrochemical redox‐active HATN and the robust sp2 carbon‐carbon linkage, 2D CCP‐HATN hybridized with carbon nanotubes shows a high capacity of 116 mA h g−1, with high utilization of its redox‐active sites and superb cycling stability (91 % after 1000 cycles) and rate capability (82 %, 1.0 A g−1 vs. 0.1 A g−1) as an organic cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
New sites expanding the “Sardinian cold‐water coral province” extension: A new potential cold‐water coral network?
Authors: Moccia Davide , Cau Alessandro , Alvito Andrea , Canese Simonepietro , Cannas Rita , Bo Marzia , Angiolillo Michela , Follesa Maria Cristina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Cold‐water coral (CWC) ecosystems are protected both in national and international waters. They are considered Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems and, in addition, meet the criteria to be defined ecological or biological significant areas.
Two new sites of the “Sardinian CWC province” were discovered by means of remotely operated vehicle surveys in two submarine canyons in the north‐eastern portion of the Sardinian continental margin, at depths ranging from 230 to 430 m.
Dense and healthy patches of small and medium‐sized Madrepora oculata colonies were found dwelling on rocky walls and inclined silted soft bottoms.
A rich and diverse associated megafauna was found within both live and dead portions of the coral framework. In addition, the presence of benthic litter and derelict fishing gears were also documented.
These results further extend the “Sardinian CWC province” extension, providing insights of a potential CWC network along the Sardinian continental margin with implications for the Mediterranean mosaic of CWC provinces, further stressing the need for urgent conservation measures for these habitats.
STAR: An integrated and standardized procedure to evaluate the ecological status of coralligenous reefs
Authors: Piazzi Luigi , Gennaro Paola , Montefalcone Monica , Bianchi Carlo Nike , Cecchi Enrico , Morri Carla , Serena Fabrizio 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Coralligenous reefs represent one of the most important coastal ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea, and their ecological quality must be assessed under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive to evaluate seafloor integrity. An effective standardized monitoring protocol is urgently needed in order to compare data at the Mediterranean scale and to plan efficient management and intervention programmes.
This paper aims to: (a) review methods used to study shallow coralligenous reefs to propose a method able to optimize sampling effort; (b) select the most effective ecological descriptors to evaluate the responses of coralligenous assemblages to anthropogenic stress; and (c) synthesize available information in an integrated and standardized procedure.
Ninety‐five scientific papers dealing with shallow coralligenous reefs were found. Among these, 52 papers reporting detailed descriptions about sampling methods were selected to identify methodologies and ecological descriptors suitable for monitoring purposes.
Downstream of the bibliographic review, an integrated and standardized procedure, named STAR (STAndaRdized coralligenous evaluation procedure), was proposed to assess the ecological quality of coralligenous reefs.
STAR was tested on coralligenous reefs at 12 sites, six of them subjected to high human pressure and six located in areas characterized by low human pressure.
Significant differences between the two conditions were detected for all the ecological descriptors selected, thus confirming the effectiveness of STAR in the assessment of ecological quality of coralligenous reefs.
Trabecular Bone Fraction Variation in Modern Humans, Fossil Hominins and Other Primates
Authors: Chirchir Habiba 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTEvidence suggests that recent modern humans (Holocene) have low trabecular bone density (i.e., trabecular bone fraction, TBF) compared with other extant primates and fossil hominins. However, the extent to which TBF in recent humans with varying subsistence strategies differs from that of fossil hominins, and in turn, how hominins differ from various extant catarrhines is unclear. This study tests the hypotheses that first, populations with subsistence strategies demanding high physical activity exhibit greater TBF than sedentary populations and are more similar to fossil Homo. Secondly, that, australopiths have TBF that is more similar to nonhuman primates because of the greater mechanical loading on their skeletons. The study quantifies TBF in the limb epiphyses of recent humans, hominoids, cercopithecines, and fossil hominins. The results show overall a significant decrease in TBF among recent humans, whereas hominins, hominoids, and cercopithecines have similar, high TBF values. In addition, active human populations display TBF that is more similar to fossil Homo. The results suggest that this TBF decline reflects a reduction in activity levels among sedentary populations, although a systemic decline cannot be ruled out. These findings support the recent evolution of low trabecular density because of a decline in activity levels and underscore the utility of comparing multiple skeletal elements across a diverse set of recent modern humans when drawing conclusions about changes in trabecular bone in the human skeleton. Anat Rec, 302:288–305, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterocyclic electrophiles as new MurA inhibitors
Authors: Keeley Aaron , Ábrányi‐Balogh Péter , Hrast Martina , Imre Tímea , Ilaš Janez , Gobec Stanislav , Keserű György M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn electrophilic fragment library of small heterocycles was developed and characterized in the surrogate GSH‐reactivity assay and aqueous stability test that revealed their potential as covalent warheads. Screening the library against MurA from Staphylococcus aureus (MurASA) and Escherichia coli (MurAEC) identified heterocyclic fragments with significant inhibitory potency. The validated heterocyclic warhead library might be useful for developing targeted covalent inhibitors for other targets of interest with a new design strategy incorporating heterocyclic electrophiles as warheads.
Sex differences in faecal occult blood test screening for colorectal cancer
Authors: Koskenvuo L , Malila N , Pitkäniemi J , Miettinen J , Heikkinen S , Sallinen V 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
This analysis of patients in a randomized population-based health services study was done to determine the effects of faecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening of colorectal cancer (CRC) in outcomes beyond mortality, and to obtain explanations for potential sex differences in screening effectiveness.

Methods
In the Finnish FOBT screening programme (2004–2011), people aged 60–69 years were randomized into the screening and control arms. Differences in incidence, symptoms, tumour location, TNM categories, non-vital outcomes and survival in the screening and control arms were analysed.

Results
From 321 311 individuals randomized, 743 patients with screening-detected tumours and 617 control patients with CRC were analysed. CRC was less common in women than in men (0·34 versus 0·50 per cent; risk ratio (RR) 0·82, 95 per cent c.i. 0·74 to 0·91) and women were less often asymptomatic (16·7 versus 22·0 per cent; RR 0·76, 0·61 to 0·93). Women more often had right-sided tumours (32·0 versus 21·3 per cent; RR 1·51, 1·26 to 1·80). Among men with left-sided tumours, those in the screening arm had lower N (RR 1·23, 1·02 to 1·48) and M (RR 1·57, 1·14 to 2·17) categories, as well as a higher overall survival rate than those in the control arm. Furthermore among men with left-sided tumours, non-radical resections (26·2 versus 15·7 per cent; RR 1·67, 1·22 to 2·30) and postoperative chemotherapy sessions (61·6 versus 48·2 per cent; RR 1·28, 1·10 to 1·48) were more frequent in the control arm. Similar benefits of screening were not detected in men with right-sided tumours or in women.

Conclusion
Biennial FOBT screening seems to be effective in terms of improving several different outcomes in men, but not in women. Differences in incidence, symptoms and tumour location may explain the differences in screening efficacy between sexes.
Analysis of lactase in lactose intolerance supplements
Authors: Stourman Nina , Moore Jennifer 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLactase is the enzyme responsible for the digestion of the disaccharide lactose, and deficiency in this enzyme causes the prevalent medical condition lactose intolerance. Management of lactose intolerance can be achieved through the administration of lactase supplements. Lactase is an appropriate platform for advanced enzymatic study because its medical application is a motivator for student learning. The following is an upper‐level biochemistry laboratory sequence that integrates student inquiry and exposure to advanced laboratory techniques. Students investigate three different lactase supplements through experimentation that includes the Bradford assay, SDS‐PAGE, continuous and discontinuous kinetic assays, and zymography. Upon completion of this project, students compile their results and conclusions in a scientifically formatted paper comparing supplement protein content and activity. This safe and inexpensive laboratory project enriches student understanding of key biochemical concepts while mirroring work performed in a realistic research setting. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(6):652–662, 2018.
Design and Synthesis of Selective Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: Arylisoxazole‐Phenylpiperazine Derivatives
Authors: Saeedi Mina , Mohtadi‐Haghighi Dorrin , Mirfazli Seyedeh Sara , Mahdavi Mohammad , Hariri Roshanak , Lotfian Hania , Edraki Najmeh , Iraji Aida , Firuzi Omidreza , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this work, a novel series of arylisoxazole‐phenylpiperazines were designed, synthesized, and evaluated toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Our results revealed that [5‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐1,2‐oxazol‐3‐yl](4‐phenylpiperazin‐1‐yl)methanone (5c) was the most potent AChE inhibitor with IC50 of 21.85 μm. It should be noted that most of synthesized compounds showed no BChE inhibitory activity and [5‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐1,2‐oxazol‐3‐yl](4‐phenylpiperazin‐1‐yl)methanone (5a) was the most active anti‐BChE derivative (IC50=51.66 μm). Also, kinetic studies for the AChE and BChE inhibitory activity of compounds 5c and 5a confirmed that they have simultaneously bound to the catalytic site (CS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of both AChE and BChE. Furthermore, docking study of compound 5c showed desired interactions of that compound with amino acid residues located in the active and peripheral anionic sites. Compound 5c was also evaluated for its BACE1 inhibitory activity and demonstrated IC50=76.78 μm. Finally, neuroprotectivity of compound 5c on Aβ‐treated neurotoxicity in PC12 cells depicted low activity.
Antidiabetic‐Like Effects of Naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside from Edible Chrysanthemum ‘Kotobuki’ and Naringenin by Activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway and PPARγ
Authors: Nishina Atsuyoshi , Sato Daisuke , Yamamoto Junpei , Kobayashi‐Hattori Kazuo , Hirai Yasuaki , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObesity is directly associated with cancer, cardiovascular injury, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. To date, Yamamoto identified that hot water extracts of edible Chrysanthemum (EC) induced cell size reduction, up‐regulation of adiponectin expression, and glucose absorption inhibition in 3T3‐L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, EC showed antidiabetic effects such as improvement in insulin resistance and the down‐regulation of the blood glucose level and liver lipid content in type 2 diabetes model mice. In this study, we attempted to identify the antidiabetic components in EC. The methanol fraction from EC that showed relatively strong biological activity was purified by chromatography to obtain acacetin‐7‐O‐glucoside, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucoside, kaempferol‐7‐O‐glucoside, and naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside. Among the isolated compounds and their aglycones, naringenin (NA) and naringenin‐7‐O‐glucoside (NAG) up‐regulated the intracellular accumulation of lipid and adiponectin‐secretion and down‐regulated the diameter of 3T3‐L1 cells during adipocyte differentiation. Because the PPARγ antagonist BADGE and PI3K/Akt inhibitors wortmannin and LY29004 inhibited the intracellular lipid accumulation by NA and NAG associated with adipogenesis, it was considered that NA and NAG showed the above‐mentioned activities via the activation of PPARγ as well as phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Design and Synthesis of Metabolically Stable tRNA Synthetase Inhibitors Derived from Cladosporin
Authors: Rusch Marion , Thevenon Arnaud , Hoepfner Dominic , Aust Thomas , Studer Christian , Patoor Maude , Rollin Patrick , Livendahl Madeleine , Ranieri Beatrice , Schmitt Esther , Spanka Carsten , Gademann Karl , Bouchez Laure C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSelective and specific inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum lysyl‐tRNA synthetase represent promising therapeutic antimalarial avenues. Cladosporin was identified as a potent P. falciparum lysyl‐tRNA synthetase inhibitor, with an activity against parasite lysyl‐tRNA synthetase >100‐fold more potent than that of the activity registered against the human enzyme. Despite its compelling activity, cladosporin exhibits poor oral bioavailability; a critical requirement for antimalarial drugs. Thus, the quest to develop metabolically stable cladosporin‐derived analogues, while retaining similar selectivity and potency to that of the natural compound, has begun. Chemogenomic profiling of a designed library allowed an entirely innovative structure–activity relationship study to be initiated; this shed light on structural evidence of a privileged scaffold with a unique activity against tRNA synthetases.
Graphene Adsorption and Separation Functional Materials
Authors: Chen Kaikai , Xiao Changfa , Liu Hailiang , Zhao Jian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGraphene and its derivatives have been considered intensively in the development and application of new types of adsorption and separation functional materials, due to its unique structure and superior performance. A comprehensive review on recent studies on adsorption and separation functional materials is given, including graphene, graphene oxide, graphene gel, graphene‐based sponge, graphene separation membrane as well as graphene continuous oil absorption and separation materials. Moreover, the preparation methods and application prospects are mainly utilized to illustrate the research progress. Especially, it is predicted that layered graphene membrane and graphene continuous oil absorption and separation materials may be the most research worthy.
Characterization of PEGylated Asparaginase: New Opportunities from NMR Analysis of Large PEGylated Therapeutics
Authors: Cerofolini Linda , Giuntini Stefano , Carlon Azzurra , Ravera Enrico , Calderone Vito , Fragai Marco , Parigi Giacomo , Luchinat Claudio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResonance assignment and structural characterization of pharmacologically relevant proteins promise to improve understanding and safety of these proteins by rational design. However, the PEG coating that is used to evade the immune system also causes these molecules to “evade” the standard structural biology methodologies. We here demonstrate that it is possible to obtain the resonance assignment and a reliable structural model of large PEGylated proteins through an integrated approach encompassing NMR and X‐ray crystallography.
Water Adsorption and Transport on Oxidized Two‐Dimensional Carbon Materials
Authors: Yan Hailong , Wu Fei , Xue Yifei , Bryan Kevin , Ma Wenjie , Yu Ping , Mao Lanqun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStudies on the adsorption and transport of water molecules with oxidized two‐dimensional (2 D) carbon materials have attracted increasing interest owing to their wide range of applications, such as sensing, energy conversion, and membrane separation. In this contribution, the interaction between water molecules and oxidized 2 D carbon materials (i.e., graphene oxide and graphdiyne oxide) is discussed, the influence of water adsorption and transport on the physicochemical properties of 2 D carbon materials is presented, and the recent progress on oxidized 2 D carbon material‐based proton conduction, electricity generation, water transport, and humidity sensing is highlighted. The opportunities and challenges in these research fields are discussed, especially the structural stability and chemical modification of 2 D carbon materials.
Tetra‐ammonium Zinc Phthalocyanine to Construct a Graded 2D–3D Perovskite Interface for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Li Congping , Lv Xudong , Cao Jing , Tang Yu 
Published: November 2018

Summary of main observation and conclusionThe crystallographic defects inevitably incur during the solution processed organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite film, especially at surface and the grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite film, which can further result in the reduced cell performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a simple defect passivation method was employed by treating perovskite precursor film with a hydrophobic tetra‐ammonium zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc). The results demonstrated that a 2D‐3D graded perovskite interface with a capping layer of 2D (ZnPc)0.5MAn − 1PbnI3n + 1 perovskite together with 3D MAPbI3 perovskite was successfully constructed on the top of 3D perovskite layer. This situation realized the efficient GBs passivation, thus reducing the defects in GBs. As expected, the corresponding PSCs with modified perovskite revealed an improved cell performance. The best efficiency reached 19.6%. Especially, the significantly enhanced long‐term stability of the responding PSCs against humidity and heating was remarkably achieved. Such a strategy in this work affords an efficient method to improve the stability of PSCs and thus probably brings the PSCs closer to practical commercialization.
Bioequivalence and Therapeutic Equivalence of Generic and Brand Bupropion in Adults With Major Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kharasch Evan D. , Neiner Alicia , Kraus Kristin , Blood Jane , Stevens Angela , Schweiger Julia , Miller J. Philip , Lenze Eric J. 
Published: November 2018

Controversy persists about bupropion XL 300 mg generic equivalence to brand product. A prospective, randomized, double‐blinded crossover in 70 adults with major depression in stable remission taking any bupropion XL 300 mg tested bioequivalence and therapeutic equivalence of available XL 300 mg products. After a 4‐week lead‐in on patients' existing bupropion, four 6‐week phases evaluated brand and three generics. Patients were uninformed of switching. Drug overencapsulation ensured blinding. There were no differences between any generic and brand, or between generics, in peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve over the 24‐hour dosing interval (AUC0–24) for racemic bupropion or major metabolites. All generics met formal bioequivalence criteria for bupropion and metabolites. There were no differences between generics and brand, or between generics, in depression symptoms or side effects, assessed by every 3‐week in‐person interview and daily smartphone‐based self‐report. There were no differences in patients' perceptions of bupropion products. Results show three bupropion XL 300 mg generic products are both bioequivalent and not therapeutically different from brand drug and each other.
Paternal methyl donor deficient diets during development affect male offspring behavior and memory‐related gene expression in mice
Authors: Sahara Yuji , Matsuzawa Daisuke , Ishii Daisuke , Fuchida Takahiro , Goto Takashi , Sutoh Chihiro , Shimizu Eiji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt has become increasingly evident that the methylation of DNA, known as an epigenetic marker, affects behavior in animals. In our previous study, a methyl‐donors (folate, methionine, and choline)‐deficient (FMCD) diet during the juvenile period could be shown to affect anxiety‐like behavior and fear memory, accompanied by alteration in some gene expression and their methylations in the hippocampus. One question is whether the fear memory of a parent affects the fear responses of offspring. To explore this question in the present study, C57BL/6 J male (F0) mice were given a FMCD diet from 3 to 12 weeks of age. After confirming the effect of the FMCD diet on the behavior and gene expression of F0 mice, their male offspring (F1‐FMCD mice) were examined using the same behavioral batteries and genetic analysis. F0 diet‐based differences in F1 behavior were observed, accompanied by the differences in the expression of memory‐related genes (Camk2α and PP1) and promoter methylation of the PP1 gene in the hippocampus. Our results add evidence that behavior and gene expression of the F1 generation could be altered due to differences in the father's intake of methyl‐donor nutrients.