bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nicotine suppresses proliferation and mineralized tissue‐associated gene expressions of cementoblasts
Authors: Bozkurt Serife Buket , Hakki Sema Sezgin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies reported that nicotine, which is the prominent constituent of tobacco, has negative effects on periodontium cells. However, the precise role of nicotine in cementoblast functions remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nicotine on the functions of cementoblasts (OCCM‐30) in terms of proliferation, migration, and mineralized tissue‐associated gene expression.MethodsImmortalized murine cementoblasts were exposed to various concentrations (0, 10−6, 10−5, 10−4, 10−3, 10−2, 10−1, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM) of nicotine, and cementoblast proliferation was then evaluated using a real‐time cell analyzer for 142 hours. Using an in vitro wound healing assay, cell migration was evaluated 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after exposure to different concentrations of nicotine (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM). The mRNA expressions of bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen type I (COL‐I), osteocalcin (OCN), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed in the nicotine‐treated (0, 10−3, 10−2, 10−1, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM) OCCM‐30 cells by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 8 and 24 hours exposure.ResultsAt concentrations of 1 to 10 mM, nicotine significantly reduced cementoblast proliferation (P <0.01). Exposure to nicotine at other concentrations (1, 2.5, and 5 mM) significantly reduced wound healing rates, whereas nicotine at a concentration of 10 mM immediately decreased the viability of OCCM‐30 cells. Similar results were observed in inverted microscopy images at the highest nicotine concentrations. All concentrations of nicotine decreased the transcripts of BSP and COL‐I in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner (P <0.001). Nicotine concentrations higher than 1 mM reduced the expression of OCN, RunX2, and ALP in a time‐dependent manner (P <0.001).ConclusionsThis study indicated that nicotine inhibited the proliferation, migration, and mineralized tissue‐associated gene expression of OCCM‐30 cells. These findings suggest that nicotine negatively affects cementoblast function and the formation of new cementum, which is critical for new attachment.
Reduced enamel epithelium‐derived cell niche in the junctional epithelium is maintained for a long time in mice
Authors: Soda Miki , Saito Kotaro , Ida‐Yonemochi Hiroko , Nakakura‐Ohshima Kuniko , Kenmotsu Shinichi , Ohshima Hayato 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough numerous reports have demonstrated that the junctional epithelium (JE) is derived from the reduced enamel epithelium (REE), the fate of the REE‐derived JE remains controversial. The present study elucidated the fate of the REE‐derived JE and the cell dynamics of stem/progenitor cells in the JE following tooth eruption.MethodsMandibular first molar germs (embryonic days 15 to postnatal 1‐day‐old) were transplanted into the socket of 2‐week‐old mice after extraction of the upper first molars of B6 wild‐type (WT) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice. After analysis by µ‐CT, paraffin sections were processed for immunohistochemistry for Nestin, Ki67 and GFP. We also performed chasing analysis using BrdU‐administered TetOP‐H2B‐GFP mice.ResultsAmelogenesis progressed normally in the cervical areas, and the structure of the JE was like that in normal tooth development. The JE was GFP‐negative in transplantations using GFP transgenic mice as the host, and the oral epithelium (OE) showed a positive reaction. By contrast, the JE remained GFP‐positive throughout the experimental period in transplantations using GFP transgenic mice as the donor. Chasing analysis revealed that H2B‐GFP‐ and 5‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU)‐labeled cells in the basal side of the JE translocated to oral side of the JE as the chasing time increased. Some label‐retaining cells remained at the supra‐basal cell layer in the JE.ConclusionThese results suggest that REE‐derived cell niche in the JE is maintained for a long time following tooth eruption. Therefore, the JE may be available as the source of the odontogenic epithelium.
Business strategy and business environment: The impact of virtual communities on value creation
Authors: Ardley Barry , McIntosh Eleanor 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe impact of new forces in the firm's business environment means that strategy and value are now delivered and captured in digital spaces occupied by virtual communities of customers. These strategic changes have made possible the sharing of value creating practices between consumers and firms, where customers are now highly influential in brand decisions. Technology has made it possible to co‐opt customers directly into the product design process. Many customer facing strategy processes and practices have been transformed due to changes in markets, technology, and the business environment.
Evolution of volatile compounds in ‘Cuoredolce®’ and ‘Rugby’ mini‐ watermelons (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsumura and Nakai) in relation to ripening at harvest
Authors: Bianchi Giulia , Provenzi Lia , Rizzolo Anna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWatermelon is appreciated for its nutritional properties and for its flavor. Among the flavor‐active compounds that it contains, volatiles play a key role being responsible for aroma. Recent breeding activity has led to the release of mini‐watermelons with reduced fruit weight. This paper reports on the characterization of aroma profiles of 'Rugby' and 'Cuoredolce®' novel mini‐watermelon cultivars at the ripening stage. The main volatiles were identified and quantified using headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas‐chromatography mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS), and their concentrations were correlated with the E‐nose profile. The potential contribution of volatile compounds to the fruit aroma was evaluated by computing the odor activity values (OAV).RESULTSTwenty main volatile compounds were identified: aldehydes (9), alcohols (4), ketones (2), and terpenes and terpenoids (5). C‐9 aldehydes and alcohols were the prevalent compounds. The two cultivars differed in precocity, with ‘Rugby’ being riper from the early stage considered. Many apocarotenoids with desirable olfactory notes were detected in the volatile profile of ‘Rugby’. Four e‐nose sensors' signals significantly changed with variety and ripening stage: W1W and W2W were positively correlated and W6S was negatively correlated with all identified volatiles, while W3S showed a negative correlation with 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, the major lycopene catabolite.CONCLUSIONSThe aroma profiles described here contribute to the characterization of 'Cuoredolce®' and 'Rugby' mini‐watermelon cultivars. Electronic‐nose measurement was able to discriminate between cultivars and, to a lesser extent, among ripening stages. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid determination of antiviral medication ribavirin in different feedstuffs using a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Ma Jin‐Kui , Huang Xiao‐Chen , Wei Shou‐Lian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbing material was successfully synthesized to detect ribavirin in animal feedstuff. Molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared through surface polymerization by using ribavirin as template molecule, methyl methacrylate, and γ‐methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica as bifunctional monomers, and ethylene diglycidyl ether as crosslinking agent. The prepared magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Static and dynamic adsorption experiments and selective adsorption analysis were performed to evaluate the adsorption and selectivity of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer. Different experiments were conducted to optimize the magnetic solid‐phase extraction conditions. Under optimal experimental conditions, a magnetic molecularly imprinted solid‐phase extraction coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography method was successfully developed for ribavirin detection. The established method achieved a satisfactory linear range of 0.20–50 mg/L (R2 > 0.99) and a low detection limit (0.081 mg/kg). An average recovery of 92–105% with relative standard deviation of <6.5% was obtained upon the application of the developed method to detect ribavirin in real feedstuff samples. Thus, established method can be used for the rapid and simple separation and detection of added ribavirin in feedstuff.
Tracheal Ultrasound for the Accurate Confirmation of the Endotracheal Tube Position in Obese Patients
Authors: Men Xiao Qian , Yan Xi Xin 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesObesity is a serious disorder that may lead to numerous difficulties in endotracheal tube (ETT) management. This study investigated the potential of tracheal ultrasound (TUS) for the accurate confirmation of the ETT position in obese patients.MethodsA total of 68 obese patients undergoing tracheal intubation were enrolled in this study from January 2017 to June 2018. All patients received auscultation and TUS to evaluate the ETT position, which was ultimately verified by bronchoscopy. A correct position of the ETT was defined as placement at the trachea, whereas placement at the right/left main bronchus was classified as an incorrect position.ResultsWe found 58 correct placements of the ETT at the trachea, 8 incorrect placements at the right main bronchus, and 2 incorrect placements at the left main bronchus. Compared with auscultation, TUS showed higher accuracy (85.29% versus 67.65%; P = .005), sensitivity (84.48% versus 67.24%; P = .005), and specificity (90.00% versus 70.00%; P < .001), as well as lower rates of false‐positive (10.00% versus 30.00%; P < .001) and false‐negative (15.52% versus 32.76%; P = .005) results for detecting the correct placement of the ETT, defined as placement at the trachea.ConclusionsTracheal ultrasound is highly sensitive and specific in confirming the ETT position in obese patients.
Waterfowl management and diet of the salt marsh harvest mouse
Authors: Smith Katherine R. , Kelt Douglas A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) is an endangered species, endemic to the marshes of the San Francisco Bay, California, USA. This species is thought to feed primarily on pickleweed (Salicornia pacifica), although its diet is poorly understood, and a large proportion of remaining habitat for salt marsh harvest mice is managed for non‐pickleweed vegetation to provide habitat for waterfowl. Using 2 sets of cafeteria trials, we tested food preferences of the salt marsh harvest mouse when offered a variety of plants and invertebrates from the Suisun Marsh, Solano County, California. In a set repeated menu, and unique seasonal menus, salt marsh harvest mice showed strong preferences for food types commonly grown for waterfowl, and also for non‐native plants; in contrast, pickleweed was the most preferred during only some of the set and some of the seasonal trials. These results suggest that salt marsh harvest mice have a more flexible diet than previously thought, and will allow land managers in areas such as the Suisun Marsh to promote the growth of plants that provide foods that are preferred by both waterfowl and salt marsh harvest mice. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Puma population limitation and regulation: What matters in puma management?
Authors: Logan Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWildlife managers require reliable information on factors that influence animal populations to develop successful management programs, including the puma (Puma concolor), in western North America. As puma populations have recovered in recent decades because of restrictions on human‐caused mortality, managers need a clear understanding of the factors that limit or regulate puma populations and how those factors might be manipulated to achieve management objectives, including sustaining puma and other wildlife populations, providing hunting opportunity, and reducing puma interactions with people. I synthesized technical literature on puma populations, behavior, and relationships with prey that have contributed to hypotheses on puma population limitation and regulation. Current hypotheses on puma population limitation include the social limitation hypothesis and the food limitation hypothesis. Associated with each of those are 2 hypotheses on puma population regulation: the social regulation hypothesis and the competition regulation hypothesis. I organize the biological and ecological attributes of pumas reported in the literature under these hypotheses. I discuss the validity of these hypotheses based on the limits of the research associated with the hypotheses and the evolutionary processes theoretically underlying them. I review the management predictions as framed by these hypotheses as they pertain to puma hunting, puma‐prey relationships, and human‐puma interactions. The food limitation and competition regulation hypotheses explain more phenomena associated with puma and likely would guide more successful management outcomes. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Corticosteroid‐induced glaucoma in pediatric patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Sugiyama Minako , Terashita Yukayo , Hara Kazuya , Cho Yuko , Iguchi Akihiro , Chin Shinki , Manabe Atsushi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCorticosteroids, especially dexamethasone, play a critical role in chemotherapy for pediatric hematological malignancies. We previously observed that patients with complaints of headache or photophobia during corticosteroid administration had high intraocular pressure (IOP).ProcedureWe measured IOP during corticosteroid administration in 15 patients with acute leukemia or lymphoma undergoing treatment at our institution from January 2016 to December 2018. IOP was measured by an ophthalmologist within seven days of the initiation of standard dose of corticosteroid, which was defined as 60 mg/m2/day for prednisolone and 10 mg/m2/day for dexamethasone.ResultsFifteen patients received 52 courses of chemotherapy containing corticosteroids. IOP exceeded 21 mmHg among 13 patients in 28 courses. Twelve of the 13 patients were administered topical treatment, and six of the 12 patients needed additional diuretic agents. IOP during the chemotherapy courses containing dexamethasone was significantly higher compared with IOP during the chemotherapy courses containing prednisolone. Only two patients complained of symptoms, such as headache and photophobia, and one of the two patients underwent trabeculotomy. Funduscopic findings were normal in all patients. There was a dose‐associated decrease in IOP with reduction of dexamethasone dose.ConclusionsIOP should be measured during administration of substantial corticosteroid doses even in patients with no symptoms. Further investigations regarding the level of IOP for intervention need to be conducted.
Prenatal diagnosis of HNF1B‐associated renal cysts: Is there a need to differentiate intragenic variants from 17q12 microdeletion syndrome?
Authors: Vasileiou Georgia , Hoyer Juliane , Thiel Christian T. , Schaefer Jan , Zapke Maren , Krumbiegel Mandy , Kraus Cornelia , Zweier Markus , Uebe Steffen , Ekici Arif B. , Schneider Michael , Wiesener Michael , Rauch Anita , Faschingbauer Florian , Reis André , Zweier Christiane , Popp Bernt 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective17q12 microdeletions containing HNF1B and intragenic variants within this gene are associated with variable developmental, endocrine, and renal anomalies, often already noted prenatally as hyperechogenic/cystic kidneys. Here, we describe prenatal and postnatal phenotypes of seven individuals with HNF1B aberrations and compare their clinical and genetic data to those of previous studies.MethodsPrenatal sequencing and postnatal chromosomal microarray analysis were performed in seven individuals with renal and/or neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We evaluated HNF1B‐related clinical features from 82 studies and reclassified 192 reported intragenic HNF1B variants.ResultsIn a prenatal case, we identified a novel in‐frame deletion p.(Gly239del) within the HNF1B DNA‐binding domain, a mutational hot spot as demonstrated by spatial clustering analysis and high computational prediction scores. The six postnatally diagnosed individuals harbored 17q12 microdeletions. Literature screening revealed variable reporting of HNF1B‐associated clinical traits. Overall, both mutation groups showed a high phenotypic heterogeneity. The reclassification of all previously reported intragenic HNF1B variants provided an up‐to‐date overview of the mutational spectrum.ConclusionsWe highlight the value of prenatal HNF1B screening in renal developmental diseases. Standardized clinical reporting and systematic classification of HNF1B variants are necessary for a more accurate risk quantification of prenatal and postnatal clinical features, improving genetic counseling and prenatal decision making.
Generating Plateau Burning Segments for Composite Solid Rocket Propellants
Authors: El‐Basuony Sameh A. , Sadek Mohamed A. , Wafy Tamer Z. , Mostafa Hosam E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlateau burning is a highly desired phenomenon for composite solid rocket propellants. Three composite propellant compositions were prepared in an attempt to generate plateau burning segments. In these compositions the curative type was changed along with controlling the coarse to fine ratio of the oxidizer particles. The prepared compositions were extensively tested at one‐MPa segments from 1 to 14 MPa through strand burner technique. The results showed that depriving the combustion process from the thermal energy causes the plateau to exist. The thermal depriving was achieved through controlling the spacing of coarse and fine particle of the oxidizer, to reduce the intensity of their combustion flame, and through employing binders that possess high activation energy for the first decomposition stage. These findings were proven through the appearance of bi‐plateau segments for the first time for one of the employed isocyanates.
Techniques and challenges in the assimilation of atmospheric water observations for numerical weather prediction towards convective scales
Authors: Bannister Ross Noel , Chipilski Hristo Georgiev , Martinez‐Alvarado Oscar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWhile contemporary numerical weather prediction models represent the large‐scale structure of moist atmospheric processes reasonably well, they often struggle to maintain accurate forecasts of small‐scale features such as convective rainfall. Even though high‐resolution models resolve more of the flow, and are therefore arguably more accurate, moist convective flow becomes increasingly nonlinear and dynamically unstable. Importantly, the models' initial conditions are typically sub‐optimal, leaving scope to improve the accuracy of forecasts with improved data assimilation. To address issues regarding the use of atmospheric water‐related observations – especially at convective scales (also known as storm scales) – this article discusses the observation and assimilation of water‐related quantities. Special emphasis is placed on background error statistics for variational and hybrid methods which need special attention for water variables. The challenges of convective‐scale data assimilation of atmospheric water information are discussed, which are more difficult to tackle than at larger scales. Some of the most important challenges include the greater degree of inhomogeneity and lower degree of smoothness of the flow, the high volume of water‐related observations (e.g. from radar, microwave and infrared instruments), the need to analyse a range of hydrometeors, the increasing importance of position errors in forecasts, the greater sophistication of forward models to allow use of indirect observations (e.g. cloud‐ and precipitation‐affected observations), the need to account for the flow‐dependent multivariate “balance” between atmospheric water and both dynamical and mass fields, and the inherent non‐Gaussian nature of atmospheric water variables.
Development and evaluation of an autonomous camera control algorithm on the da Vinci Surgical System
Authors: Eslamian Shahab , Reisner Luke A. , Pandya Abhilash K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundManual control of the camera arm in telerobotic surgical systems requires the surgeon to repeatedly interrupt the flow of the surgery. During surgery, there are instances when one or even both tools can drift out of the field of view. These issues may lead to increased workload and potential errors.MethodsWe performed a 20‐participant subject study (including four surgeons) to compare different methods of camera control on a customized da Vinci Surgical System. We tested (a) an autonomous camera algorithm, (b) standard clutched control, and (c) an experienced camera operator using a joystick.ResultsThe automated algorithm surpassed the traditional method of clutched camera control in measures of userperceived workload, efficiency, and progress. Additionally, it was consistently able to generate more centered and appropriately zoomed viewpoints than the other methods while keeping both tools safely inside the camera's field of view.ConclusionsClinical systems of the future should consider automating the camera control aspects of robotic surgery.
A hybrid deep learning architecture for classification of microscopic damage on National Ignition Facility laser optics
Authors: Amorin Connor , Kegelmeyer Laura M. , Kegelmeyer W. Philip 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAccurately classifying microscopic damage helps automate the repair and recycling of National Ignition Facility optics and informs the study of damage initiation and growth. This complex 12‐class problem previously required human experts to distinguish and label the various damage morphologies. Finding image analysis methods to extract and calculate distinguishing features would be time consuming and challenging, so we sought to automate this task by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) pretrained on the ImageNet database to take advantage of its automated feature discovery and extraction. We compared three model architectures on this dataset and found the one with highest overall accuracy, 99.17%, was a novel hybrid architecture, one in which we removed the final decision‐making layer of the deep learner and replaced it with an ensemble of decision trees (EDT). This combines the power of feature extraction by CNNs with the decision‐making strength of EDT. The accuracy of the hybrid architecture over the deep learning alone is shown to be significantly improved. Furthermore, we applied this novel hybrid architecture to an entirely different dataset, one containing images of repaired damage sites, and improved on the previously published findings, also with a demonstrably significant increase in accuracy over using the deep learner alone.