bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational modelling of hippocampal sensitivity to expectation violation
Authors: Frank Darya , Montemurro Marcelo , Montaldi Daniela 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPattern separation and completion are fundamental hippocampal computations supporting memory encoding and retrieval. However, despite extensive exploration of these processes, it remains unclear whether they are modulated by top-down processes. We used a neural network model to examine how unexpected information is represented by the hippocampus. During training the network learned a contingency between a cue and a category, which the target object belongs to. At test, we presented the network with congruous and incongruous cues, as well as perceptually similar foils. We used representational similarity analysis to examine how the top-down expectation modulation interacts with bottom-up perceptual input, in each layer. All subfields showed an interaction between the two, with DG and CA3 being more sensitive to expectation violation than CA1. A further multivariate analysis revealed that representational differences between expected and unexpected inputs were prominent for moderate to high levels of perceptual overlap in DG/CA3. This effect diminished when inputs from DG and CA3 into CA1 were lesioned. Overall, our findings suggest pattern separation in DG and CA3 underlies the effect that violation of expectation exerts on memory.
The Rising Prevalence of Weapons in Unsafe Arming Configurations Discovered in American Airports: the Increasing Practice of Storage and Carry of Firearms with a Round Chambered
Authors: Towers Sherry , Amoundi Bechir , Cordova Richard , Funderburk Karen , Montalvo Cesar , Thakur Mugdha , Velazquez-Molina Josean , Castillo-Chavez Carlos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have shown that Americans appear to be increasingly owning and carrying firearms for personal protection, and are increasingly storing their firearms loaded. However, the prevalence of firearm carry and/or storage with a round chambered has not hitherto been studied; in this arming configuration the weapon is loaded, with a bullet resting against the firing pin, ready to fire if the trigger is pulled. Ostensibly this decreases reaction time in a threat situation, but carries an increased risk of accidental discharge. It is unknown what fraction of firearm owners typically carry or store their firearms in this configuration, and if there have been significant temporal trends in the practice.ObjectiveWe examine firearms detected at Transportation Security Administration (TSA) airport security checkpoints between 2012 to 2017, to examine geospatial and temporal trends in the prevalence of unsafe arming configuration in detected firearms.ResultsThe fraction of detected firearms found to be loaded has risen significantly since 2012 (Beta Binomial logistic regressionp= 0.011). States with firearm child access prevention laws have significantly fewer firearms found by the TSA to be loaded (p= 0.039).The fraction of loaded firearms found by the TSA to also have a round chambered has also risen significantly since 2012 (Beta Binomial logistic regressionp< 0.001). By 2017, 36% of firearms found loaded were also found to have a round chambered, representing an apparent concerning trend in unsafe arming configurations during carry and storage.ConclusionsAmericans appear to be increasingly using and storing firearms in unsafe arming configurations. TSA firearm detection data can potentially provide a key source of data when researching trends in firearm injury.
Factors influencing prevention of mother to child HIV transmission service utilization among HIV positive women in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia: A thematic content analysis
Authors: Abebe Zebideru Zewdie , Mengistu Mezgebu Yitayal , Gete Yigzaw Kebede , Worku Abebaw Gebeyehu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionMother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is the major source of HIV infection among children under the age of 15 years. Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) service has been an important strategy in preventing HIV infections in infants. However, improving PMTCT service uptake and continuum of care still remains a significant impediment in the Amhara Region of Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to explore factors that may hinder and promote PMTCT service utilization among HIV positive women.MethodsPhenomenological study design was used. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) with HIV positive women and five in-depth interviews with health care workers were conducted from the selected health institutions. Data analysis was conducted using thematic content analysis. ATLAS/ti version 7.5.16 software was used to assist in coding and analysis of the qualitative data.ResultsThe findings of the study revealed that there are a range of factors that influence HIV positive women on PMTCT service utilization. Stigma, discrimination, limited knowledge on HIV, lack of partner and family support, and not getting friendly service from health facility were factors that might hinder PMTCT service utilization. The experiences of HIV positive mothers revealed that continuous partner support, previous history of getting HIV free child, good health worker support, and advice by mother support group were factors that promote utilization of PMTCT service.ConclusionsStrengthening community awareness on HIV, engaging male involvement in PMTCT care and getting friendly service were the key determinants for the better PMTCT service utilization.
Cortical Sensitivity to Natural Scene Structure
Authors: Kaiser Daniel , Häberle Greta , Cichy Radoslaw M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNatural scenes are inherently structured, with meaningful objects appearing in predictable locations. Human vision is tuned to this structure: When scene structure is purposefully jumbled, perception is strongly impaired. Here, we tested how such perceptual effects are reflected in neural sensitivity to scene structure. During separate fMRI and EEG experiments, participants passively viewed scenes whose spatial structure (i.e., the position of scene parts) and categorical structure (i.e., the content of scene parts) could be intact or jumbled. Using multivariate decoding, we show that spatial (but not categorical) scene structure profoundly impacts on cortical processing: Scene-selective responses in occipital and parahippocampal cortices (fMRI) and after 255ms (EEG) accurately differentiated between spatially intact and jumbled scenes. Importantly, this differentiation was more pronounced for upright than for inverted scenes, indicating genuine sensitivity to spatial structure rather than sensitivity to low-level attributes. Our findings suggest that visual scene analysis is tightly linked to the spatial structure of our natural environments. This link between cortical processing and scene structure may be crucial for rapidly parsing naturalistic visual inputs.
Shear strength and temperature distribution model of friction spot lap joint of high density polyethylene with aluminum alloy 7075
Authors: Abdullah Isam Tareq , Hussein Sabah Khammass 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to join a sheet of the AA7075 with the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by a lap joint using friction spot processing and investigate the temperature distribution of joint during this process using the finite element method (FEM).

Design/methodology/approach
A semi-conical hole was manufactured in the AA7075 specimen and a lap joint configuration was prepared with the HDPE specimen. A rotating tool was used to generate the required heat to melt the polymer by the friction with the AA7075 specimen. The applied tool force moved the molten polymer through the hole. Four parameters were used: lower diameter of hole, rotating speed, plunging depth and time. The results of shear test were analyzed using the Taguchi method. A FEM was presented to estimate the temperature distribution of joint during the process.

Findings
All specimens failed by shearing the polymer at the lap joint region without dislocation. The specimens of the smallest diameter exhibited the highest shear strength at the lap joint. The maximum ranges of temperature were recorded at the contact region between the rotating tool and the AA7075 specimen. The tool plunging depth recorded the highest effect on the generated heat compared with the rotating speed and plunging time.

Originality/value
For the first time, the AA7075 sheet was joined with the HDPE sheet by friction spot processing. The temperature distribution of this joint was simulated using the FEM.
Lean implementation in healthcare supply chain: a scoping review
Authors: Borges Gabriela Aline , Tortorella Guilherme , Rossini Matteo , Portioli-Staudacher Alberto 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the lean production (LP) practices applied in healthcare supply chain and the existing barriers related to their implementation.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve that, a scoping review was carried out in order to consolidate the main practices and barriers, and also to evidence research gaps and directions according to different theoretical lenses.FindingsThe findings show that there is a consensus on the potential of LP practices implementation in healthcare supply chain, but most studies still report such implementation restricted to specific unit or value stream within a hospital.Originality/valueHealthcare organizations are under constant pressure to reduce costs and wastes, while improving services and patient safety. Further, its supply chain usually presents great opportunities for improvement, both in terms of cost reduction and quality of care increase. In this sense, the adaptation of LP practices and principles has been widely accepted in healthcare. However, studies show that most implementations fall far short from their goals because they are done in a fragmented way, and not from a system-wide perspective.
Measuring change attitudes in health care organizations
Authors: Hower Kira Isabel , Pfaff Holger , Kowalski Christoph , Wensing Michel , Ansmann Lena 
Published: April 2019

PurposeMeasuring attitudes of healthcare providers and managers toward change in health care organizations (HCOs) has been of widespread interest. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the psychometric characteristics and usability of an abbreviated German version of the Change Attitude Scale.Design/methodology/approachThe Change Attitude Scale was used in a survey of healthcare providers and managers in German hospitals after the implementation of a breast cancer center concept. Reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and bivariate analysis were conducted.FindingsData from 191 key persons in 82 hospitals were analyzed. The item-scale structure produced an acceptable model fit. Convergent validity was shown by significant correlations with measures of individuals’ general opinions of the breast center concept. A non-significant correlation with a scale measuring the hospital’s hierarchical structure of leadership verified discriminant validity. The interaction of key persons’ change attitude and hospitals’ change performance through change culture as a mediator supported the predictive validity.Research limitations/implicationsThe study found general support for the validity and usability of a short version of the German Change Attitude Scale.Practical implicationsSince attitudes toward change influence successful implementation, the survey may be used to tailor the design of implementation programs and to create a sustainable culture of high readiness for change.Originality/valueThis is the first study finding that a short instrument can be used to measure attitudes toward change among healthcare providers and managers in HCOs.
Modeling and classification of enablers of CSR in Indian firms
Authors: Kumar Divesh , Goyal Praveen , Kumar Vinod 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study corporate social responsibility (CSR) enablers, with special reference to Indian firms. Further, the CSR enablers have been identified and their ranking obtained, and interactions and interrelationships among the different enablers have also been studied.Design/methodology/approachThe interpretive structural modeling (ISM) approach was used to evaluate the interactions among the various enablers of CSR implementation, from the perspective of Indian companies.FindingsIn the course of this paper, based on a detailed literature review, nine enablers were identified and after seeking expert opinion, eight CSR implementation enablers were shortlisted. The present study has identified that top management commitment, organizational culture and formal strategic planning are the main enablers of CSR implementation in Indian companies, whereas corporate reputation, better financial performance and customer satisfaction are the dependent enablers that have high dependence power but weak driving power.Originality/valueThe ISM-based model of CSR enablers presented in this paper will prove to be of interest to academicians and practitioners alike. While academicians will gain a better understanding of enablers of CSR implementation from the perspective of one of the fastest growing economies of the world, practitioners will gain a better understanding of CSR enablers, and their enhanced knowledge will help them to effectively implement CSR in their organizations.
Generation of a purely clonal defective interfering influenza virus
Authors: Yamagata Yutaro , Muramoto Yukiko , Miyamoto Sho , Shindo Keiko , Nakano Masahiro , Noda Takeshi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDefective interfering (DI) influenza viruses carry a large deletion in a gene segment that interferes with the replication of infectious virus; thus, such viruses have potential for antiviral therapy. However, because DI viruses cannot replicate autonomously without the aid of an infectious helper virus, clonal DI virus stocks that are not contaminated with helper virus have not yet been generated. To overcome this problem, we used reverse genetics to generate a clonal DI virus with a PB2 DI gene, amplified the clonal DI virus using a cell line stably expressing the PB2 protein, and confirmed its ability to interfere with infectious virus replication in vitro. Thus, our approach is suitable for obtaining purely clonal DI viruses, will contribute to the understanding of DI virus interference mechanisms and can be used to develop DI virus‐based antivirals.
Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Pepsin Hydrolysates Inhibit Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme by Interacting with its Catalytic Site
Authors: San Pablo‐Osorio Brenda , Mojica Luis , Urías‐Silvas Judith Esmeralda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHigh blood pressure can lead to cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this work was to obtain protein hydrolysates with antihypertensive potential from chia oil industry meal byproduct. Chia seed protein isolates (CPIs) were obtained from chia seed meal byproduct. CPI was hydrolyzed using different proteases (alcalase, pepsin, trypsin, and α‐chymotrypsin) and their biological potential was evaluated using in vitro and in silico approaches. Chia seed pepsin protein hydrolysate showed the highest angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition potential IC50 of 0.128 mg/mL (P < 0.05) compared to the rest of hydrolysates. Peptide sequence LIVSPLAGRL presented the lowest predicted binding energy and highest inhibition potential (–9.5 kcal/mol) compared to other sequenced peptides and positive controls (captopril and lisinopril). Chia peptides showed potential to block angiotensin‐converting enzyme by interacting with its catalytic site. Chia seed oil industry meal byproduct could be used as an inexpensive source of protein and bioactive peptides with antihypertensive potential.Practical ApplicationThis research shows an upcycling alternative for chia oil industry byproduct. Chia meal is a rich source of protein and can be used to generate bioactive peptides with antihypertensive potential. Chia protein isolate was obtained from chia meal and hydrolyzed using different enzymes, pepsin showed the highest antihypertensive potential. Chia meal waste could be a low‐cost source of protein and protein hydrolysates that could be used as a food ingredient with antihypertensive potential.
Physiochemical Properties and Functional Characteristics of Protein Isolates from the Scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) Gonad
Authors: Han Jia‐Run , Tang Yue , Li Yang , Shang Wen‐Hui , Yan Jia‐Nan , Du Yi‐Nan , Wu Hai‐Tao , Zhu Bei‐Wei , Xiong Youling L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProtein isolates were recovered from scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) gonads to develop a novel functional matrix by investigating their physiochemical and functional properties. Scallop gonad protein isolates (SGPIs) were prepared from degreased scallop gonads (DSGs) by an alkali extraction and isoelectric solubilization/precipitation (ISP) process. The protein compositions of the SGPIs were mainly vitellogenin and beta‐actin with molecular weights of 266 and 42 kDa, respectively, as determined using Nano‐liquid chromatography‐mass/mass (Nano‐LC‐MS/MS). After the ISP process, the protein solubility of the SGPIs was significantly improved, and the surface hydrophobicity of SGPIs intensely increased by 1.1‐fold, which were attributed to the exposure of aromatic residues such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. However, the content of total/reactive sulfhydryl in SGPIs was decreased compared with that of DSGs. Meanwhile, the ISP process caused partial protein unfolding, as indicated by circular dichroism analysis, which exhibited a remarkable rise in the β‐sheet content with a parallel decline in the α‐helix and random coil contents (P < 0.05). SGPIs exhibited a better oil absorption capacity and foaming property than both DSGs and soybean protein isolates (SPIs). Moreover, the emulsifying capacity of SGPIs was greatly enhanced by the ISP process, which was superior to the effect of commercial SPIs and was ascribed to its favorable solubility as well as surface characteristics.Practical ApplicationDuring the processing of scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) adductors, scallop gonad, a high‐protein part, is usually discarded as processing by‐products despite its edibility. In recent years, scallop gonads are regarded as good sources to develop protein matrices due to their high protein content and numerous nutrients. In this study, scallop gonad protein isolates (SGPIs) were isolated by isoelectric solubilization/precipitation (ISP) process. The preferable solubility, foaming property coupled with high emulsifying property of SGPIs indicated that the SGPIs could be potentially utilized as a good protein emulsifier and additives in production of kamaboko gels, hamburger patties, sausages, and pet foods.
Time's Arrow: Toward a Social History of Crow Biographic Art Using Seriation and Multivariate Statistics
Authors: Lycett Stephen J. , Keyser James D. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBiographic artworks produced by Historic‐period Plains Indian warriors can be viewed as genuine historical documents, detailing important events in their lives. This is especially true because these documents contain a genuinely narrative component, telling their stories as much as depicting them. However, for individual lives to create a broader social history, they must be connected with the lives of others, especially over a temporal span. Here, we begin the task of building a chronological framework for Crow (Apsáalooke) biographic artworks based on multivariate statistical analysis and seriation analysis of their content. Our research not only allows five undated artworks to be better placed in chronological context but also reveals the changing pattern of stylistic features in these artworks during the turbulent decades of the nineteenth century. [biographic art, Plains Indians, cultural traditions, Native American art]
Cultural Anthropology in 2018: Captivity and Its Unruly Failures
Authors: Doughty Kristin 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThis essay reviews articles produced in the four key American Anthropological Association cultural anthropology journals throughout 2018, and identifies the ways cultural anthropologists took up Haraway's invitation to “stay with the trouble” through implicit and explicit engagement with logics of captivity and its failures. This work suggests ongoing attention to long‐standing themes in cultural anthropology—tensions between capture and escape, constraint and resistance, structure and agency—even as it suggests that captivity and its unruly failures can productively draw our attention to new ways of thinking about governance, temporality, scale, affect, political economy, posthumanism, ontology, care, and infrastructure. In this review, I ask: What can and cannot be contained in the contemporary moment, and what is at stake in that containment, or in the seepage that exceeds its borders? The review focuses on key ways anthropologists analyzed these long‐standing questions anew in 2018: captivity and the nature of the human, dependency and exile, and violence and borders, and, by contrast, runaway change and uncertainty, unruly people and affects, and seeping waste and toxicity. Overall, I suggest that captivity and seepage provide productive provocations for further study. [year in review, sociocultural anthropology, captivity, escape, uncertainty, waste]
Intraoperative colonoscopy in laparoscopic colorectal surgery: A review of recent publications
Authors: Liu ZH , Liu JW , Chan Fion SY , Li Michael KW , Fan Joe KM 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionLaparoscopic colorectal resection is becoming the gold standard for treating colorectal cancers because it offers superior short‐term and comparable long‐time outcomes compared to open surgery. Intraoperative colonoscopy (IOC) is increasingly performed for tumor localization and mucosal assessment. The aim of this report was to review the safety and efficacy of IOC in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.MethodA MEDLINE search of studies of IOC in laparoscopic colorectal surgery was performed. We focused on three aspects of IOC use: (i) IOC for intraoperative tumor localization; (ii) colonic irrigation and IOC for obstructive left‐sided colorectal cancers; and (iii) IOC for assessing colorectal anastomosis.ResultsDuring laparoscopic colorectal surgery, IOC enables accurate localization of early mucosal tumors, detection of lesions in the proximal unexamined colon for obstructive left‐sided cancer, and visual assessment of anastomosis. Additionally, IOC allows for proper surgical resection, management of concomitant lesions, immediate maintenance of hemostasis, suture repair of leaks, and the creation of a protective stoma as necessary.ConclusionsIntraoperative colonoscopy is beneficial in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Experienced surgical endoscopists should be trained to safely perform IOC.