bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical correspondence between trophic transfer efficiency in freshwater food webs and the slope of their size spectra
Authors: Mehner Thomas , Lischke Betty , Scharnweber Kristin , Attermeyer Katrin , Brothers Soren , Gaedke Ursula , Hilt Sabine , Brucet Sandra 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe density of organisms declines with size, because larger organisms need more energy than smaller ones and energetic losses occur when larger organisms feed on smaller ones. A potential expression of density‐size distributions are Normalized Biomass Size Spectra (NBSS), which plot the logarithm of biomass independent of taxonomy within bins of logarithmic organismal size, divided by the bin width. Theoretically, the NBSS slope of multi‐trophic communities is exactly −1.0 if the trophic transfer efficiency (TTE, ratio of production rates between adjacent trophic levels) is 10% and the predator‐prey mass ratio (PPMR) is fixed at 104. Here we provide evidence from four multi‐trophic lake food webs that empirically estimated TTEs correspond to empirically estimated slopes of the respective community NBSS. Each of the NBSS considered pelagic and benthic organisms spanning size ranges from bacteria to fish, all sampled over three seasons in 1 yr. The four NBSS slopes were significantly steeper than −1.0 (range −1.14 to −1.19, with 95% CIs excluding −1). The corresponding average TTEs were substantially lower than 10% in each of the four food webs (range 1.0% to 3.6%, mean 1.85%). The overall slope merging all biomass‐size data pairs from the four systems (−1.17) was almost identical to the slope predicted from the arithmetic mean TTE of the four food webs (−1.18) assuming a constant PPMR of 104. Accordingly, our empirical data confirm the theoretically predicted quantitative relationship between TTE and the slope of the biomass‐size distribution. Furthermore, we show that benthic and pelagic organisms can be merged into a community NBSS, but future studies have yet to explore potential differences in habitat‐specific TTEs and PPMRs. We suggest that community NBSS may provide valuable information on the structure of food webs and their energetic pathways, and can result in improved accuracy of TTE‐estimates.
A little bird told me…: Consequences of holding an implicit association between women and birds
Authors: Columb Corey , Plant E. Ashby 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPast research has shown that humans possess implicit associations that, when activated, affect subsequent behavior. In three studies, we demonstrated a novel implicit association held by some men: an association between women and birds. Additionally, we demonstrated three consequences of possessing and activating a Women–Birds association. For those who strongly associated women and birds, activating the association caused an increase in dehumanization of women, perceptions of female incompetence, and sexist hiring decisions. Perceptions of female incompetence mediated the effect of Women–Birds implicit association activation on sexist hiring decisions. These findings provide insight into a potential cause of bias toward women that should be accounted for when attempting to reduce discrimination toward women and speak to the need for careful consideration when making analogies linking social groups to animals or objects.
On achieving throughput optimality with energy prediction–based power allocation in 5G networks
Authors: Gardazi Syed Fasih Ali , Ahmad Rizwan , Qureshi Hassaan Khaliq , Ahmed Waqas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe expected presence of huge number of low data rate devices in 5G/beyond 5G networks can compromise its overall capacity and cause an increase in carbon footprint. With continuous improvement in radio access technologies, these low data rate devices can be offloaded to self sustainable small cells operating in spectrum extensions (licensed/unlicensed). To ensure self‐sustainability and end‐to‐end connectivity of these low data rate devices naturally calls for energy harvesting (EH)–based cooperative communication solution. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an energy prediction–based power allocation (EPPA) policy to improve the utilization of intermittent EH arrivals to maximize throughput. Moreover, EH predictions are obtained through the training of an M‐order Markov model, which are further used to derive estimated throughput optimal (EPPA‐NO) and suboptimal (EPPA‐I) power allocation/data rate selection policies. An EPPA‐K scheme with exact knowledge of future arrivals are used as an upper bound to benchmark the performance of EPPA‐NO and EPPA‐I in terms of throughput, delay, energy consumption per bit, and respective complexity. It is observed that the performance of these schemes is highly dependent on the prediction accuracy. To this end, we further propose a learning‐based weighted linear regression scheme. For an energy‐constrained scenario, using weighted linear regression further improves energy efficiency over EPPA‐NO and EPPA‐I and reaches within 1% of EPPA‐K for a buffer size of 700 bits.
Multi‐technical analysis on the antioxidative capacity and total phenol contents of 94 traditional Chinese dietary medicinal herbs
Authors: He Fangting , Chen Jiayi , Dong Ke , Leng Yun , Xu Jiayi , Hu Pengwei , Yao Yuqin , Xiong Jingyuan , Pei Xiaofang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDietary medicinal herbs (DMHs) are superior reservoirs for natural antioxidants and safe for long‐term consumption. Chinese government recently announced an official list of traditional Chinese DMHs to support civil health promotion. However, antioxidative capacity (AOC) and total phenol contents (TPC) of these listed herbs were not comprehensively and systematically evaluated. In this study, AOC of 94 listed DMHs in water extract were investigated by three techniques including radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidative power. The results showed that emblic leafflower, rose, and clove possessed the highest AOC, while TPC was significantly correlated with AOC. While traditional Chinese medicines are categorized by the nature of Yin‐Yang, this study demonstrated that Yin DMHs are statistically correlated with high AOC.Practical application: In this study, AOC and TPC of 94 traditional Chinese DMHs were documented systematically. Emblic leafflower, rose and clove were shown to possess the highest AOC. TPC in traditional Chinese DMHs was significantly correlated with the AOC, while DMHs with Yin characteristic might be used as an indicator to identify potential antioxidative herbs.
Iodine consumption and cognitive performance: Confirmation of adequate consumption
Authors: Choudhry Hani , Nasrullah Md. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIodine, a dynamic nutrient present in thyroid hormones, is responsible for regulating thyroid function, supporting a healthy metabolism, and aiding growth and development. Iodine is also essential for brain development during specific time windows influencing neurogenesis, neuronal and glial cell differentiation, myelination, neuronal migration, and synaptogenesis. About 1.5 billion people in 130 countries live in areas at risk of iron deficiencies (IDs). Reduced mental ability due to IDs occurs in almost 300 million people. Ensuring the consumption of minimum recommended daily allowances of iodine remains challenging. The effects of ID disorders range from high mortality of fetuses and children to inhibited mental development (cretinism). Poor socioeconomic development and impaired school performance are also notable. Currently, ID disorders are the single greatest contributor to preventable brain damage in fetuses and infants and arrested psychomotor development in children. Iodized salt may help fulfill iodine requirements. Increases in food salt iodization programs can help overcome ID disorders. Dietary plans can be well adjusted to incorporate iodinated foods. Maternal iodine supplementation for offspring requires adequate attention. Fruits, vegetables, bread, eggs, legumes (beans and peas), nuts, seeds, seafood, lean meats and poultry, and soy products provide small quantities of iodine. Nutrient‐dense foods containing essential vitamins and minerals such as iodine may confer positive effects. To some extent, fortified foods and daily dietary supplements can be provided for different nutrients including iodine; otherwise, iodine may be consumed in less than the recommended amounts. This review focuses on aspects of adequate iodine consumption to avoid cognitive impairments.
Overview of current research work at the Chair of Subsurface Engineering at Montanuniversitaet Leoben
Authors: Galler Robert , Wenighofer Robert , Gehwolf Paul , Stoxreiter Thomas , Schuller Erik , Pittino Gerhard , Darmaev Enkhe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Chair of Subsurface Engineering at the Montanuniversitaet Leoben is part of the Department of Mineral Resources Engineering. Regarding research and development, the chair cooperates with several departments of the university, such as the Departments of Petroleum Engineering, Environmental and Energy Technology, Product Engineering and Polymer Engineering. In addition to the construction of the ZAB, a research and development but also training and education centre at the Styrian Erzberg, some other research projects at the chair have recently been reported in this journal. These include, for example, research on segmental lining design in collaboration with with the ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG, and also topics such as disc force and face monitoring systems for TBMs. This research is deliberately not discussed here; rather research is reported that has received less attention lately. This includes further developments mainly relating to laboratory tests, the research field of rockfall simulations, international research cooperations, and also work on BIM implementation at the ZAB‐Zentrum am Berg.
Current research by ÖBB Infrastruktur AG on scale monitoring without track closures
Authors: Schachinger Tobias , Zagar Bernhard , Schwab Christian , Saliger Florian , Stur Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn water pressure‐relieved rail tunnels, calcium carbonate scaling occurs in tunnel drain pipes. This scaling is caused by the surrounding geology, groundwater or the use of building materials containing cement. If the amount of scale becomes excessive, the drains have to be be cleaned to prevent an increase of the water pressure on the tunnel lining, which can cause damage to the tunnel structure or water ingress. At the moment, the growth of scale in tunnel drainage can only be monitored by camera surveys. This requires closure of the track or the whole tunnel and causes a massive operational restriction. Therefore the ÖBB‐Infrastruktur AG project ”Task Force Drainage“ is looking for ways to monitor the growth of scale without any operating restrictions. Among other measures, an FFG project has been launched, and international knowledge transfer is taking place in the context of Shift2Rail. Various sensors and measuring methods are currently being examined regarding their suitability for this research question, examples including the measurement of differences in electrical resistance and acoustic measurement methods.
Hospitalisation and surgery: Is exposure associated with increased subsequent depressive symptoms? Evidence from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: O'Brien Helen , Scarlett Siobhan , O'Hare Celia , Ni Bhriain Siobhan , Kenny Rose Anne 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe dramatic shift in the global population demographic has led to increasing numbers of older people undergoing hospitalisation and surgical procedures. While necessary, these exposures may lead to an increase in depressive symptoms.ObjectivesTo determine whether hospitalisation or hospitalisation with surgery under general anaesthesia is associated with an increase in depressive symptoms in adults over the age of 50.MethodsDepressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in 8036 individuals at waves 1 and 2 of The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), 2 years apart. Mixed‐effects models were used to investigate the hypothesis after adjustment for risk factors for depression and potential confounders.ResultsDuring the 12 months preceding wave 1, a total of 459 participants were hospitalised (mean age, 67.0; 55.3% female), and a further 548 participants (mean age, 64.6; 51.8% female) were hospitalised and underwent surgery with general anaesthesia; 6891 (mean age, 63.5; 54.3% female) were not hospitalised. Analysis of waves 1 and 2 data using mixed‐effects models demonstrated that there was a 7% increased adjusted incidence rate of depressive symptoms (IRR [95% CI] = 1.07 [1.02‐1.11]) in the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in the hospitalisation group and a 4% increased adjusted incidence rate of depressive symptoms (IRR [95% CI] = 1.04 [1.00‐1.08]) in the surgery group compared with those with no hospitalisation.ConclusionHospitalisation and hospitalisation with surgery and general anaesthesia are associated with increased depressive symptoms. This is the first time a longitudinal population‐representative study has demonstrated this relationship for both exposures simultaneously.
Associations between ZnT3, tau pathology, agitation, and delusions in dementia
Authors: Whitfield David R. , Francis Paul T. , Ballard Clive , Williams Gareth 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveNeuropsychiatric symptoms such as agitation and delusions occur frequently in Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease and represent significant burden and unmet treatment need. The underlying aetiology remains poorly understood.MethodsWe used a multidimensional linear model to look for associations between measurements of agitation, delusions, amyloid, tau and α‐synuclein pathology, and synaptic proteins (ZnT3, PSD95, synaptophysin, and β‐III‐tubulin) across multiple brain regions in post‐mortem tissue from a cohort of 130 Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer's disease patients and non‐demented controls.ResultsWe found both agitations and delusions to be significantly associated with increased tau pathology and decreased levels of ZnT3. ZnT3 packages Zn2+ into synaptic vesicles to be released as a long‐term modulator of synaptic activity.ConclusionsOur finding adds to the evidence that zinc modulating compounds are of interest for treatment or symptomatic relief in these dementias.
Risk premia and seasonality in commodity futures
Authors: Hevia Constantino , Petrella Ivan , Sola Martin 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe develop and estimate a multifactor affine model of commodity futures that allows for stochastic seasonality. We document the existence of stochastic seasonal fluctuations in commodity futures and that properly accounting for the cost‐of‐carry curve requires at least three factors. We estimate the model using data on heating oil futures and analyze the contribution of the factors to risk premia. Correctly specifying seasonality as stochastic is important to avoid erroneously assigning those fluctuations to other risk factors. We also estimate a nonlinear version of the model that imposes the zero lower bound on interest rates and find similar results.
Suppression of Bone Resorption by miR-141 in Aged Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Yang Shihua , Zhang Wenhui , Cai Mingxiang , Zhang Yuanxu , Jin Fujun , Yan Sen , Baloch Zulqurain , Fang Zhihao , Xue Senren , Tang Rongping , Xiao Jia , Huang Qunshan , Sun Yao , Wang Xiaogang 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Aging-related osteoporosis (OP) is considered a serious public health concern. Approximately 30% of postmenopausal women suffer from OP; more than 40% of them risk fragility fractures. Multiple drugs have been prescribed to treat OP, but they are not ideal because of low cure rates and adverse side effects. miRNA-based gene therapy is a rapidly developing strategy in disease treatment that presents certain advantages, such as large-scale production capability, genetic safety, and rapid effects. miRNA drugs have been used primarily in cancer treatments; they have not yet been reported as candidates for osteoclast-targeted-OP treatment in primates. Their therapeutic efficacy has been limited by several shortcomings, such as low efficiency of selective delivery, insufficient expression levels in targeting cells, and unexpected side effects. Here, we identify miR-141 as a critical suppressor of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. The expression levels of miR-141 are positively correlated with BMD and negatively correlated with the aging of bones in both aged rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and osteoporotic patients. Selective delivery of miR-141 into the osteoclasts of aged rhesus monkeys via a nucleic acid delivery system allowed for a gradual increase in bone mass without significant effects on the health and function of primary organs. Furthermore, we found that the functional mechanism of miR-141 resides in its targeting of two osteoclast differentiation players, Calcr (calcitonin receptors) and EphA2 (ephrin type-A receptor 2 precursor). Our study suggests that miRNAs, such as miR-141, could play a crucial role in suppressing bone resorption in primates and provide reliable experimental evidence for the clinical application of miRNA in OP treatment. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
HOTAIR enhanced paclitaxel and doxorubicin resistance in gastric cancer cells partly through inhibiting miR‐217 expression
Authors: Wang Hui , Qin Rong , Guan Aoran , Yao Ying , Huang Yun , Jia Hongping , Huang Weikang , Gao Jianpeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDrug resistance is a big obstacle for clinical anti‐tumor treatment outcome. However, the role of HOTAIR in drug resistance in gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown. In this study, we showed that overexpression of HOTAIR enhanced paclitaxel and doxorubicin resistance in GC cells. Furthermore, the expression of HOTAIR was upregulated in GC tissues and higher expression of HOTAIR was associated with late stage. In addition, we showed that miR‐217 expression was lower in GC tissues compared with the paired non‐tumour tissues and downregulated expression of miR‐217 was correlated with late stage. Interestingly, the expression of miR‐217 was negatively correlated with HOTAIR expression in GC tissues. Ectopic expression of HOTAIR increased GC cell proliferation, cell cycle, and migration. Elevated expression of HOTAIR suppressed miR‐217 expression and enhanced GPC5 and PTPN14 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of miR‐217 suppressed paclitaxel and doxorubicin resistance in GC cells. Ectopic expression of HOTAIR promoted drug resistance and increased GC cell proliferation, cell cycle, and migration by targeting miR‐217. These data suggested that overexpression of HOTAIR enhanced paclitaxel and doxorubicin resistance in GC cells through inhibiting miR‐217 expression.
Structural and functional characterization of peptide YY on feeding in Schizothorax davidi
Authors: Zhou Chaowei , Lei Luo , Yuan Dengyue , Deng Xingxing , Ye Hua , Luo Hui , Fang Jiayang , Yang Minmin , Li Yan , Zhang Chi , Zhou Jianshe , Wang Jian , Zeng Benhe , Zhu Chengke , Li Baohai , Zheng Zonglin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSeveral studies have demonstrated that the neuropeptide peptide YY (PYY) plays an important role in feeding in mammals and fish. However, thus far, the feeding regulation function of PYY in Schizothorax davidi has not been well understood. Here, we identified the full‐length cDNA sequence of PYY in S. davidi for the first time. S. davidi PYY contains 803 bp nucleotides including a 328 bp 3′ untranslated region (UTR), a 181 bp 5′ UTR, and a 294 bp open reading frame encoding a peptide of 97 amino acids. S. davidi PYY expression was observed in almost all tissues, with the highest expression detected in the hypothalamus. PYY mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was significantly elevated after a meal (P < 0.01), and significantly decreased after fasting (P < 0.01). PYY expression levels were increased sharply following refeeding after 9 days (P < 0.01), suggesting that it might function as a satiety factor in S. davidi.
Overdiagnosis or not? 2017 ACC/AHA high blood pressure clinical practice guideline: Consequences of intellectual conflict of interest
Authors: Miyazaki Kei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAmerican Heart Association/the American College of Cardiology and nine other professional organizations have issued a new hypertension clinical practice guideline (CPG) on November 2017, which has lowered the hypertension threshold to 130/80 mmHg. American Academy of Family Medicine has decided to not endorse this new CPG for various reasons including flaws in CPG development process and a limited additional benefit for lower treatment targets. The major concern was intellectual conflict of interest (COI). Substantial weight was given to SPRINT trial, which provided the basis for the recommended change in blood pressure targets. It is a serious intellectual COI that the Chair of the SPRINT trial steering committee was commissioned as chair of the guideline panel. The new threshold would lead to 46 percent of the U.S. adult population being categorized as having hypertension, while using the previous threshold that figure would be 32 percent. Should we call this change as overdiagnosis?
Testing the ab initio quantum‐scattering calculations for the D2–He benchmark system with stimulated Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Martínez Raúl Z. , Bermejo Dionisio , Thibault Franck , Wcisło Piotr 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis work presents a comparison between experimental and calculated values for the collisional line broadenings and shifts of theS0(0),S0(1), andS0(2) lines of the rotational Raman spectrum of D2perturbed by He at 77, 195, and 300 K. The pure rotational Raman spectra were obtained by means of a stimulated Raman spectroscopy experimental setup. Close coupling dynamical calculations were performed on the most recent ab initio H2–He potential energy surface. The resulting scattering matrix elements implemented in the general Hess method allow us to provide pressure broadening, pressure shifting, and Dicke coefficients from 10 to 400 K. Experimental and calculated values agree well with each other.
SERS detection of food contaminants by means of portable Raman instruments
Authors: Pilot Roberto 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been emerging as a powerful tool for the detection of a variety of analytes due to its very high sensitivity and fingerprinting recognition capabilities. Technological progresses in the equipment for Raman analysis are contributing to its transition from a technically demanding research method to a more widely available analytical technique. In particular, the commercialization of portable or handheld instruments has opened up the possibility of performing in situ analysis. In this review, a selection of the SERS substrates that are expected to be more suitable for use in combination with portable instruments is presented: Substrates are compared, for example, in terms of performance, reproducibility, ease of fabrication, and surface area. Moreover, this paper provides a survey of the current diffusion of portable Raman instruments in the SERS detection of food contaminants: The investigation of several analytes is summarized (mainly toxins, virus, bacteria, pesticides, forbidden food dyes, and preservatives), reporting on the limits of detection and on the eventual coupling with concentration or separation techniques. A brief perspective on possible future developments of the SERS detection with portable instruments is also provided.