bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of occupational therapy threshold concepts by students in role‐emerging placements in schools: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Kaelin Vera C. , Dancza Karina 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionTraversing threshold concepts has been identified as crucial in becoming an occupational therapist. To support this learning, previous research has emphasised the value of students engaging in practice‐based learning, accompanying reflection, and a curriculum which makes threshold concepts explicit to students. Role‐emerging placements form part of students’ practice‐based learning in many universities and could offer a valuable opportunity for students to learn threshold concepts. Understanding the value of threshold concepts to enhance role‐emerging placement learning from both the students’ and educators’ perspectives warrants further research. The aim of this study was to examine how occupational therapy students on role‐emerging placements in school settings experienced applying threshold concepts and how it impacted on their learning.MethodsAn epistemological position of social constructionism and a qualitative research design was used. This included semi‐structured focus group interviews and reflective logs that enabled exploration of 13 student’s and one supervisor’s perspectives of learning during the placement. Template analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsStudents spoke of their learning of the threshold concepts of client‐centredness, occupation, and understanding and applying occupational therapy theory in practice. These are expressed within the three emergent themes; ‘curriculum supports in placement’, ‘uncertainty when applying their own knowledge’, and ‘placement context and expectations’.ConclusionResults suggest that learning happens within the liminal spaces which occurred from an intersection with the threshold concepts, the curriculum, knowledge generation and use, and the context and expectations of the role‐emerging placement. Engaging with uncertainty may be considered a vital part of this process and something which should be valued.
Food Consumer Behavior and Salmonella Exposure Self‐Perception in the Central Region of Mexico
Authors: Godínez‐Oviedo Angélica , Sampedro Parra Fernando , Machuca Vergara Jessica J. , Gutiérrez González Porfirio , Hernández Iturriaga Montserrat 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn Mexico, there is limited information regarding food consumer behaviors at home. The knowledge of food consumption and food handling practices can help to determine more realistically the exposure to different hazards, such as Salmonella spp. on the population. The main goal of this study was to characterize the food consumption habits of five food groups (fruits and vegetables, fresh meat, dairy products, processed meat products, and seafood), food handling practices, and Salmonella exposure self‐perception of the population of the central region of Mexico using an online survey. A total of 1,199 surveys were analyzed. The group of fruits and vegetables is the most consumed and one of the most related to the consumer self‐perception of suffering from salmonellosis. Mexican consumers regularly use refrigeration as the principal food storage method for the five food groups (42.2% to 90.8%), and generally, they store the products between 2 and 3 days (26.5% to 38.1%). A total of 86.4% of consumers reported that they always wash their hands prior to food preparation. A total of 16.9% and 13.0% use the same cutting board and knife, respectively, to cut more than one product without applying sanitization. Men, people between 20 and 24 years, and people between 60 and 64 years, had the highest risk food handling practices at home. Finally, age (P < 0.0001), education level (P = 0.0004), and suffering from gastrointestinal diseases (P = 0.0005) showed significant effects with self‐perception of having salmonellosis.Practical ApplicationData presented in this study could be used in future risk and exposure assessment research to evaluate the public health risk from the consumption of contaminated food. In addition, it could be used by government agencies to design education campaigns in food safety area.
The roles of energy markets and environmental regulation in reducing coal‐fired plant profits and electricity sector emissions
Authors: Linn Joshua , McCormack Kristen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBetween 2005 and 2015, US electricity sector emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide, which harm human health and the environment, declined by two thirds, and many coal‐fired power plants became unprofitable and retired. Intense public controversy has focused on these changes, but the literature has not identified their underlying causes. Using a new electricity sector model of the US eastern interconnection that accurately reproduces unit operation, emissions, and retirement, we find that electricity consumption and natural gas prices account for nearly all the coal plant profitability declines and resulting retirements. Environmental regulations had little effect on these outcomes.
Modeling strategies and evaluating success during repatriations of elusive and endangered species
Authors: Folt B. , McGowan C. P. , Steen D. A. , Piccolomini S. , Hoffman M. , Godwin J. C. , Guyer C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWildlife repatriation is an important tool to decrease extinction risk for imperiled species, but successful repatriations require significant time, resources and planning. Because repatriations can be long and expensive processes, clear release strategies and monitoring programs are essential to efficiently use resources and evaluate success. However, monitoring can be challenging and surrounded by significant uncertainty, particularly for secretive species with extremely low detection probability. Here, we simulated how alternative repatriation strategies influence repatriation success for the eastern indigo snake Drymarchon couperi, a federally‐Threatened species that is currently being repatriated in Alabama and Florida. Critically, we demonstrate how observed population growth can differ from true population growth when detection probabilities are low and mark‐recapture analyses are not an option. Specifically, we built a stochastic stage‐based population model to predict population growth and extinction risk under different release strategies and use information from ongoing repatriations to predict success and guide future releases. Because D. couperi is difficult to monitor, we modeled how detection probability influenced perceptions of abundance and population growth by monitoring programs. Simulated repatriation strategies releasing older, head‐started snakes in greater abundance and frequency created wild populations with decreased extinction risk relative to scenarios releasing fewer and younger snakes less frequently. Ongoing repatriations currently have a 0.23 (Alabama) and 0.61 (Florida) probability of quasi‐extinction, but extinction risk decreased to 0.07 and 0.10 at sites upon achieving the targeted number of releases. Abundances observed under realistic detection thresholds for D. couperi did not always predict true population growth; specifically, we demonstrate that monitoring programs during repatriations of secretive species may indicate that efforts have been unsuccessful when populations are actually growing. Overall, our modeling framework informs release strategies to maximize repatriation success while demonstrating the need to consider how detection processes influence assessment of success during conservation interventions.
Competitive effects and responses of the invasive grass Eragrostis plana in Río de la Plata grasslands
Authors: Guido Anaclara , Hoss Daniela , Pillar Valério D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ability of an invasive species to establish is mostly determined by its biotic interactions with native species from the recipient community. Here, we evaluate the competitive effects and responses of the invasive Eragrostis plana when interacting with native species, in order to identify possible mechanisms driving invasion in Río de la Plata grasslands. A pairwise competition experiment was performed consisting of treatments that varied in the identity of neighbour plant species: (i) control (no interaction); (ii) intraspecific interaction; (iii) interspecific interaction between native and invasive species; and (iv) interspecific interaction between two co‐occurring native species. Data analysis was separated into the effect of E. plana on the performance of three native perennial grasses (target species: Aristida laevis, Eragrostis neesii and Paspalum notatum) and the response of E. plana to natives (target species: E. plana). Separately for each target species, components of plant performance were compared between neighbouring species treatments. We found that the strength of competitive interactions depended on both target and neighbour species identity. Regarding natives, interspecific competition was stronger than intraspecific. Native species showed distinctive responses to whether the neighbour was the invasive or a co‐occurring native (Eragrostis lugens). Competition between E. plana and native species was stronger than between co‐occurring natives. We demonstrated E. plana had a greater negative effect on native's species performance than the native congener E. lugens. Regarding E. plana, intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific, and its response was positive or neutral when interacting with natives, suggesting its high tolerance to grow in competition with neighbours. We conclude E. plana's negative effects on native species performance, and its positive or neutral responses to neighbouring native plants demonstrate its strong competitive ability in the recipient community. This may explain its invasion success in southern Brazil and in the encompassing Río de la Plata grasslands.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.
Body wall defects and amniotic band syndrome in pig (Sus scrofa domesticus)
Authors: Martín‐Alguacil Nieves , Avedillo Luis 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe amniotic band syndrome is a congenital condition. It is characterized by the presence of fibrous amniotic bands that may entangle or entrap different foetal parts in utero, resulting in deformation, malformation or disruption. We report on a female piglet presenting amniotic band adherences in the right abdominal flank, several body wall defects (gastroschisis, abdominoschisis with omphalocele), severe scoliosis, anomalous umbilical cord with single umbilical artery, anal atresia, anomalous liver and absent gall bladder, hypoplastic genitalia, ankylosis and arthrogryposis in pelvic limbs, and bilateral patellar agenesia. The ethiopatogenia is discussed, as well as the comparative and embryological implications.
The tongue of Leopard Gecko (Eublepharis macularius): LM, SEM and confocal laser study
Authors: Abbate Francesco , Guerrera Maria Cristina , Levanti Maria , Laurà Rosaria , Montalbano Giuseppe , Cavallaro Mauro , Germanà Antonino 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe leopard gecko is a crepuscular and insectivorous reptile. The role of the tongue in this reptile is fundamental for the prey capture and ingestion and is not related with eyes cleaning as usual in other geckos. The elongated tongue can be divided into a foretongue with a slightly bifurcated apex and a hindtongue. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that several different papillae are present on the dorsal surface, foliate and dome‐shaped in the foretongue, becoming thicker and stouter with reduced interpapillary spaces in the lateral parts. The hindtongue is characterised by wide foliate papillae with indented margins and deep fissures of the mucosa. Light microscopy showed the presence of a stratified slightly keratinized squamous epithelium in the apex of the foretongue, a stratified non‐keratinized squamous epithelium in the fore and in the hindtongue. In the foretongue, numerous muciparous caliciform cells were observed. Moreover, the presence of taste buds on the tongue ventral surface was demonstrated for the first time in this species and the confocal laser study revealed a strong immunoreactivity for the S‐100 protein in the sensory cells. Therefore, the results obtained could give a contribution to the knowledge of the tongue anatomy and are a basis for eventual further studies regarding the feeding habits in a reptile become a popular pet.
Gill epithelium of an angler catfish, Chaca chaca (Siluriformes, Chacidae): Enzyme and glycoprotein histochemistry
Authors: Mistri Arup , Kumari Usha , Mittal Swati , Mittal Ajay Kumar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA series of histochemical techniques have been employed to localize alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, non‐specific esterase, catalase and peroxidase; and to visualize and characterize glycoprotein (GPs) moieties in the epithelium of gill arch, gill filaments and secondary lamellae of an angler catfish Chaca chaca. The epithelium of gill arch and gill filament shows strong alkaline phosphatase activity in the deeper layer epithelial cells; strong non‐specific esterase activities in the outer layer epithelial cells; and weak acid phosphatase activity throughout the epithelium. The activity of these enzymes in the secondary lamellae is weak. The catalase and peroxidase show strong activities in the blood cells of the secondary lamellae. Various classes of GPs have been identified and characterized in the mucous secretions of the gill epithelium of C. chaca. These include—GPs with oxidizable vicinal diols, GPs with sialic acid residues without O‐acyl substitution and GPs with O‐sulphate esters. The functional significance of different enzymes in gill epithelium and the GPs in the mucus secreted on the surface has been discussed with the physiology of the gills in relation to the characteristic habit and habitat of the fish.
Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene profile and a novel missense mutation (P313H) in Iranian Azari‐Turkish patients
Authors: Rostamizadeh Leila , Vahedi Leila , Bahavarnia Seied Rafi , Alipour Shahriar , Abolhasani Somayeh , Khabazi Alireza , Sakhinia Ebrahim 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is common in Azari‐Turkish people, one of the biggest ethnic groups in Iran. In this study, we sought to investigate the mutation spectrum of the MEFV gene and any genotype–phenotype correlations.Methods and materials400 unrelated Azari‐Turkish FMF patients were analyzed in this study. Mutations in exons 2, 3, 5, and 10 of the MEFV gene were investigated using direct Sanger sequencing, and their correlations with the clinical features of the patients were analyzed.ResultsAt least one mutation was detected in 248 (62%) patients. The most common mutations were M694V (26.25%) and E148Q (24.75%), respectively. Abdominal pain (65.2%) and fever 204 (51%) were the most frequent clinical problems in all subjects. The analysis recognized a novel missense mutation in the coding region of the MEFV gene, named P313H, which is the first report of a new mutation in exon 2 of the MEFV gene in an Azari‐Turkish family.ConclusionGenotype–phenotype correlations obtained from this study would be helpful in the diagnosis and management of FMF patients in clinical situations. This novel missense mutation may provide useful evidence for further studies of FMF pathogenesis.
GJB2‐related hearing loss in central Iran: Review of the spectrum and frequency of gene mutations
Authors: Koohiyan Mahbobeh , Koohian Farideh , Azadegan‐Dehkordi Fatemeh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMutations in the GJB2 gene are a main cause of autosomal‐recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) in many populations. Previous studies have estimated the average frequency of GJB2 mutations to be ∼16% in Iran, but would vary among different ethnic groups. Here, we have taken together and reviewed results from our two previous publications and data from searching other published mutation reports to provide a comprehensive collection of data for GJB2 mutations and HL in central Iran. In all, 332 unrelated families were included and analyzed for the prevalence and type of the GJB2 gene mutations. In total, the frequency of GJB2 mutations was found to be 16% in the central provinces, which is significantly higher than those identified in southern populations of Iran. Also, c.35delG was the most frequent mutation in the related population. The present study suggests that mutations in the GJB2 gene, especially c.35delG, are important causes of HL in central Iran and can be used as a basis of genetic counseling and clinical guidelines in this region.
Long‐term patient‐reported outcomes after laparoscopic Burch colposuspension
Authors: Conrad Dean H. , Pacquee Stefaan , Saar Tal D. , Walsh Caroline , Chou Danny , Rosen David , Cario Gregory M. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe negative media attention surrounding vaginal mesh procedures has seen a rise in demand for minimally invasive non‐mesh options for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The laparoscopic Burch colposuspension (LBC) is a non‐mesh alternative to synthetic midurethral slings (MUS) with similar short‐term outcomes. However, long‐term outcomes are not well established.AimsTo evaluate the long‐term outcomes of LBC for treatment of SUI in women.Material and MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐one cases of LBC were performed by a single surgeon over two private hospital settings between January 2010 and January 2016. Follow‐up subjective outcomes were obtained in 137 cases (90.7%) utilising standardised questionnaires. Primary outcome was successful treatment of SUI, defined as subjective cure or significant improvement of stress incontinence symptoms. Secondary outcomes included new‐onset or worsened symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB), voiding dysfunction, prolapse, and perioperative complications.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐seven patients were analysed with a mean follow‐up of 50.6 months (range: 13–89 months). Primary outcome of successful treatment was achieved in 90.5% of women. New‐onset or worsened symptoms of OAB was reported in 10.2%, with a further 8.8% of women experiencing symptomatic voiding dysfunction. Sixteen patients (11.7%) reported new‐onset or worsening symptoms of prolapse. There were no major surgical complications.ConclusionsLBC is a safe and effective long‐term treatment for SUI, with low failure rates and minimal adverse outcomes. It is a suitable alternative for women with contraindications to mesh or those having concomitant laparoscopic procedures.
Maternal mortality at the National Referral Hospital in Honiara, Solomon Islands over a five‐year period
Authors: De Silva Manarangi , Panisi Leeanne , Maepioh Anita , Mitchell Rebecca , Lindquist Anthea , Tong Stephen , Hastie Roxanne 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe Solomon Islands is a developing country facing significant barriers to the provision of quality antenatal and obstetric care. The maternal mortality rate is 114/100 000 live births, ranking the Solomon Islands 113th globally. Investigating maternal mortality may yield valuable insight into improving these numbers.AimThe objective of this study was to review all cases of maternal mortality at the National Referral Hospital, Solomon Islands over a five‐year period.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective review of maternal deaths occurring at the National Referral Hospital, Solomon Islands from 2013 to 2017. Data on maternal demographics, characteristics and cause of death were collected.ResultsThere were 39 maternal deaths at the National Referral Hospital from 2013 to 2017. The maternal mortality rate of the National Referral Hospital (139/100 000) is higher than the national rate (114/100 000). Most deaths were direct, with 28% attributed to haemorrhage. Overall, 79% of the total maternal deaths had elements that may be considered preventable, with laboratory delays present in 54% and medication shortages present in 29% of cases.ConclusionMaternal mortality is high in the Solomon Islands, with many potentially preventable deaths occurring at the National Referral Hospital. Continued focus on improving data collection, access to resources, and training is vital to reduce maternal mortality in the Solomon Islands.
A brief update on the evidence supporting the treatment of infertility in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Costello Michael F. , Misso Marie L. , Balen Adam , Boyle Jacqueline , Devoto Luigi , Garad Rhonda M. , Hart Roger , Johnson Louise , Jordan Cailin , Legro Richard S. , Norman Rob J. , Moran Lisa , Mocanu Edgar , Qiao Jie , Rodgers Ray J. , Rombauts Luk , Tassone Eliza C. , Thangaratinam Shakila , Vanky Eszter , Teede Helena J. 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is complex with reproductive, metabolic and psychological features. Infertility is a prevalent presenting feature of PCOS with approximately 75% of these women suffering infertility due to anovulation, making PCOS by far the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. Previous guidelines either lacked rigorous evidence‐based processes, did not engage consumer and international multidisciplinary perspectives, or were outdated.AimsThis review paper aims to provide a brief update on the best available and most current research evidence supporting the treatment of PCOS which informed the recommendations in the assessment and treatment of infertility section of the international evidence‐based guideline on PCOS 2018.Materials and MethodsInternational evidence‐based guideline development engaged professional societies and consumer organisations with multidisciplinary experts and women with PCOS directly involved at all stages.ResultsLifestyle change alone is considered the first‐line treatment for the management of infertile anovulatory PCOS women who are overweight or obese. Letrozole should now be considered first‐line pharmacological treatment for ovulation induction to improve fertility outcomes. Clomiphene citrate alone and metformin alone could also be used as first‐line pharmacological therapy, although both are less effective than letrozole and metformin is less effective than clomiphene citrate in obese women. Gonadotrophins or laparoscopic ovarian surgery are usually second‐line ovulation induction therapies. In the absence of an absolute indication for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) / intracytoplasmic sperm injection, women with PCOS and anovulatory infertility could be offered IVF as third‐line therapy where first‐ or second‐line ovulation induction therapies have failed.ConclusionThis review provides the best available evidence informing recommendations (along with clinical expertise and consumer preference) which provide clinicians with clear advice on best practice for the management of infertile women with PCOS.