bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ABILITY OF OLDER WORKERS WITH IMPAIRMENTS TO ADAPT TO NEW JOBS: CHANGING THE AGE CRITERIA FOR SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY INSURANCE
Authors: Strand Alexander , Messel Matthew 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany applications for Social Security Disability Insurance cannot be evaluated based on medical criteria alone. In specific cases, the current regulatory structure dictates that applicants who can no longer do past jobs are expected to adapt to new jobs up to the age of 55, but not after. As the proportion of these cases has grown and life expectancy among beneficiaries has increased, policymakers have considered whether expectations for adapting to new jobs above age 55 should be adjusted. Some recent reform proposals call for increasing the age cutoffs in the regulations. Although prior research predicts reduced program costs, the capacity of potentially affected applicants to continue working is unclear. Filling this gap, we evaluate the work capacity of applicants above age 55 using an instrumental variables strategy. Our estimates indicate that, for applicants on the margin of allowance, at most an additional 11.2 percent would work above the regulatory definition of meaningful employment (known as Substantial Gainful Activity) in the absence of Disability Insurance benefits. We explore the implications for adapting to new jobs above age 55 under the proposed policy regime.
Outcomes of a clinical pathway for primary outpatient management of pediatric patients with low‐risk febrile neutropenia
Authors: Paolino Jonathan , Mariani Juliana , Lucas Alexandra , Rupon Jeremy , Weinstein Howard , Abrams Annah , Friedmann Alison 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundFever and neutropenia is a common reason for nonelective hospitalization of pediatric oncology patients. Herein we report nearly five years of experience with a clinical pathway designed to guide outpatient management for patients who had low‐risk features.ProceduresThrough a multidisciplinary collaboration, we implemented a clinical pathway at our institution using established low‐risk criteria to guide outpatient management of pediatric oncology patients. Comprehensive chart review of all febrile neutropenia episodes was conducted to characterize outcomes of patients with low‐risk febrile neutropenia following clinical pathway implementation.ResultsBetween April 1, 2013, and October 1, 2017, there were 169 cases of febrile neutropenia managed in our Pediatric Oncology Unit. Sixty‐seven (40%) of these episodes were defined as low risk and managed either entirely in the outpatient setting (41 episodes, 24%) or with a step‐down strategy involving a very brief inpatient stay (26 episodes, 15%). There were no intensive care unit admissions or deaths among the low‐risk patients. Of those identified as low risk, seven patients (10%) required subsequent hospitalization during the follow‐up period, two for inadequate oral intake, two for persistent fevers, one for cellulitis, one for seizure unrelated to the febrile episode, and one for a positive blood culture.ConclusionsFollowing implementation of a clinical pathway, the majority of patients designated as low risk were managed primarily in the outpatient setting without major morbidity or mortality, suggesting that carefully selected low‐risk patients can be successfully treated with outpatient management and subsequent admission if warranted.
Emulsifier‐free reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization of alkyl acrylates mediated by symmetrical trithiocarbonates based on poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Serkhacheva Natalia S , Prokopov Nikolay I , Chernikova Elena V , Kozhunova Elena Y , Lebedeva Inna O , Borisov Oleg V 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEmulsifier‐free batch emulsion polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate and its semi‐batch copolymerization with 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5‐octafluoropentyl acrylate and 2,2,3,4,4,4‐hexafluorobutyl acrylate both mediated by poly(acrylic acid) containing the trithiocarbonate group in the chain was employed to produce amphiphilic triblock copolymers. The polymerization‐induced self‐assembly of these copolymers in aqueous media gave rise to spherical core–shell particles. Irrespective of the experimental conditions, the polymeric product was characterized by a bimodal molecular weight distribution. The apparent violation of the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization mechanism may be attributed to restricted accessibility of the trithiocarbonate group in the self‐assembled block copolymers for propagating radicals that enter into the particle. Mean‐field theoretical arguments were employed to explain the exclusively spherical morphology of the particles observed in the experiment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Diet and asthma in Lebanese schoolchildren: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Sacre Hala , Malaeb Bassem , Hallit Rabih , Salameh Pascale 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe causes of the global increase in asthma in children are unknown. It has been hypothesized that diet is an important factor that may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. The objective was to evaluate the association between diet and current asthma among Lebanese children.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on 1000 children recruited from public and private schools in Lebanon. Of the total enrolled participants, 107 children were diagnosed with current asthma and were analyzed. The food frequency questionnaire was used to assess participants’ dietary habits.ResultsThe consumption of sweets ≥3 times weekly (ORa = 5.42), white bread ≥3 times weekly (ORa = 26.38), and olive oil daily (ORa = 9.80) were associated with higher odds of current asthma. Drinking carbonated beverages occasionally (ORa = 0.25) and ≥3 times per week (ORa = 0.03) was significantly associated with lower odds of current asthma. Adhering to Mediterranean diet (occasional, >3 times weekly and daily) was significantly associated with lower odds of current asthma compared to never consuming Mediterranean diet (ORa = 0.23 and ORa = 0.22, respectively). The occasional consumption of bread was significantly associated with higher odds of current asthma (ORa = 8.2), whereas daily consumption was significantly associated with lower odds (ORa = 0.336). Moreover, the occasional, ≥3 times weekly and daily consumption of meat were significantly associated with higher odds of current asthma (ORa = 9.6; ORa = 5.1 and ORa = 4.5), respectively. An occasional consumption of junk food was significantly associated with lower odds of current asthma (ORa = 0.044), whereas a daily consumption was associated with higher odds.ConclusionAdhering to certain diets might be associated with higher odds of current asthma.
Modelling the potential distribution of arbovirus vector Aedes aegypti under current and future climate scenarios in Taiwan, China
Authors: Liu Boyang , Jiao Zhihui , Ma Jun , Gao Xiang , Xiao Jianhua , Hayat Muhammad A , Wang Hongbin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAedes aegypti is one of the most important mosquito species and is a common disease‐transmitting pest in tropical areas. Various infectious arbovirus diseases can be transmitted by Ae. aegypti. With ongoing global climate change, we are facing an increasing public health threat from the rapid spread of disease vectors into wider geographical areas. To better understand the current ecological niche range and possible future expansion of Ae. aegypti, an ecological niche modelling approach was adopted to predict its current and future potential habitat in Taiwan, China.RESULTSBased on observed occurrence records and environmental layers reflecting climate and land‐use conditions, predictions with a high resolution of 30 arcsec (approx. 1 × 1 km) were made by our model. Ae. aegypti was predicted to expand its habitat in varying degrees out of its current niche range under different climate scenarios for the future 21st century. Winter temperature and dry season precipitation were considered as important predictors among climate variables. Croplands, pasture, forested lands and urban lands were important land‐use variables.CONCLUSIONAe. aegypti is expected to establish new habitats out of its current niche range under the trend of global climate change. The extent of habitat expansion varies under different climate scenarios. Appropriate measures should be taken to prevent its expansion to a broader scale. Our study has important strategic implications for mosquito surveillance and the prevention and control of mosquito‐borne diseases. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The operational global four‐dimensional variational data assimilation system at the China Meteorological Administration
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liu Yongzhu , Liu Yan , Gong Jiandong , Lu Huijuan , Jin Zhiyan , Tian Weihong , Liu Guiqing , Zhou Bin , Zhao Bin 
Published: March 2019

Since 1 July 2018, the GRAPES (Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) global 4‐dimensional variational (4D‐Var) data assimilation system has been in operation at the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). In this study, the GRAPES global 4D‐Var data assimilation system is comprehensively introduced. This system applies the non‐hydrostatic global tangent‐linear model (TLM) and the adjoint model (ADM) for the first time. The use of a digital filter as a weak constraint is achieved. A series of linear physical processes is developed, including vertical diffusion, subgrid‐scale orographic parametrization, large‐scale condensation, and cumulus convection parametrization. The vertical diffusion and subgrid‐scale orographic schemes are used in the operational suite and the linear convection parametrization and large‐scale condensation scheme remain under assessment. The Lanczos and conjugate gradient (Lanczos‐CG) algorithm and the limited‐memory Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno (L‐BFGS) algorithm are also developed. In terms of computational optimization, the total computational time of the GRAPES global TLM and ADM is approximately threefold that of the GRAPES global nonlinear model (NLM).Before it became operational, a one‐year retrospective trial was performed on the GRAPES global 4D‐Var data assimilation system. The entire system was stable, and the analysis and forecasting performances were significantly better than those of the 3D‐Var data assimilation system, especially in the Southern Hemisphere.
Copper Immobilized on Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide Functionalized Nano‐Magnetite as a Novel Recyclable Catalyst for Direct Synthesis of Phenols and Anilines
Authors: Ghiasbeigi Elahe , Soleiman‐Beigi Mohammad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA new nano‐catalyst which contains a core of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) has been fabricated. It is covered via isonicotinic acid hydrazide and copper (Cu). In this sense, Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) is applied because of its ability as a bidendental ligand and pharmaceutical activity in order to be used for the complexion and connection of Cu on Fe3O4 surface for the synthesis of Fe3O4@INH@Cu (INH= Isonicotinic acid hydrazide). In this regard, Fe3O4@INH@Cu as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the cross‐coupling of aryl halides with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the hydroxide source and ammonium acetate (NH4OAc), as the amine source in the presence of cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) in polyethylene glycol (PEG‐400), has been applied. The catalyst is a new magnetically recyclable catalytic system with easy preparation and purification, high activity, eco‐friendly and economic advantages.
Synthesis and Characterization of Diaminoguanidine and Hydroxylamine Salts of 1,1,2,2‐Tetranitroaminoethane (TNAE)
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Tongtong , Zhibinu  , Meng Zihui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEnergetic salts readily exhibited desirable properties through appropriate combination of different cations and anions. Due to its acidity of nitramine group, 1,1,2,2‐tetranitroaminoethane (TNAE) is a good anion in energetic salts. In this paper, diaminoguanidine and hydroxylamine salts of TNAE have been synthesized and their performances were studied. Both salts of TNAE exhibit excellent detonation pressure and velocity based on theoretical performance calculation. Especially, the diaminoguanidine salt of TNAE exhibits excellent thermal stability and insensitive to impaction and friction. It will has a great potential to be applied in the field of energetic materials.
A Controlled Cyclization of Functionalized Thioureas and Unprecedented Termolecular Decyclization of Iminothiazolidinones
Authors: Franklin Constance D. , Zavalij Peter Y. , Diamond Courtney , Groth Ashley J. , Lebron David J. , Holmes Samuel G. , Anderson Danny R. , Paul Dilip K. , Alvarez Julio C. , Sidorov Vladimir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA series of thiourea derivatives bearing pendant hydroxyl groups was synthesized. These quadruply nucleophilic compounds underwent cyclization reactions with bromoacyl bromides, yielding two isomeric iminothiozolidinones. While the remote hydroxyl group in functionalized thioureas was not directly involved in the cyclization, it allowed us to establish control over the product formation through the choice of temperature and/or solvent. The new mode of temperature‐dependent control over the product distribution was different from the classical kinetic vs thermodynamic control. A number of synthesized iminothiozolidinones underwent an unprecedented termolecular decyclization reaction in the presence of an external nucleophile and a proton to yield aminooxoethylcarbamothionates. In addition to the theoretical importance of this newly discovered reaction, there is also a practical need for these decyclized products as they are known privileged structures in the family of HIV‐1 transcriptase inhibitors.
miRNA‐Specific Unlocking of Drug‐Loaded Metal–Organic Framework Nanoparticles: Targeted Cytotoxicity toward Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Wei‐Hai , Luo Guo‐Feng , Sohn Yang Sung , Nechushtai Rachel , Willner Itamar 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUiO‐68 metal–organic framework nanoparticles (NMOFs) are loaded with a doxorubicin drug (fluorescent dye analogs) and locked by means of structurally engineered duplex nucleic acid structures, where one strand is covalently linked to the NMOFs and the second strand is hybridized with the anchor strand. Besides the complementarity of the second strand to the anchor sequence, it includes the complementary sequence to the microRNAs (miRNA)‐21 or miRNA‐221 that is specific miRNA biomarker for MCF‐7 breast cancer cells or OVCAR‐3 ovarian cancer cells. In the presence of the respective miRNA biomarkers, the miRNA‐induced displacement of the strand associated with the anchor strand proceeds, resulting in the release of DNA/miRNA duplexes. The released duplexes are, however, engineered to be digested in the presence of exonuclease III, Exo III, a process that recycles the miRNAs and provides the autonomous amplified unlocking of the NMOFs and the release of the doxorubicin load (or the fluorescent dye analogs) even at low concentrations of miRNA. Preliminary cell experiments reveal that the respective NMOFs are unlocked by the miRNA‐21 or miRNA‐221, resulting in selective cytotoxicity toward MCF‐7 breast cancer cells or OVCAR‐3 ovarian cancer cells.
Risk mapping and eco‐anthropogenic assessment of anthrax in the upper Zambezi basin
Authors: Kamboyi Harvey K. , de Garine‐Wichatitsky Michel , Hang'ombe Mudenda B. , Munyeme Musso 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn Zambia, anthrax has emerged as a serious disease decimating humans, livestock and wildlife with devastating effects on eco‐tourism resulting in the destabilization of major pristine wildlife sanctuaries. Consequently, the thrust of this study was to establish the spatial distribution of anthrax and determine ecological drivers of its recurrence, maintenance and epidemiological linkage to anthropogenic activities. Environmental and biological samples were collected within the livestock production and conservation areas (n = 80). Each sample was serially tested for Bacillus anthracis positivity through blood agar culture and Gram stain technique, and then confirmation by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (MPCR). Questionnaires (n = 113) were conducted at independently distinct villages in terms of space and time. Most respondents showed that animals that died from anthrax were not properly disposed off. More likely than not, poverty being the main driver for anthrax carcass dressing and meat distribution contributed to environmental contamination with anthrax spores in areas where the animals subsequently died resulting in further environmental contamination, which is the major source of primary infection for livestock and wildlife. From the samples, 15 pure isolates of anthrax were obtained which were spatially distributed across four districts. Twelve, biologically plausible variables were found to be highly significant on multivariable logistic regression analysis model for questionnaires which included herd size (odds = 10.46; P = 0.005; CI 8.8–16), carcass disposal method (odds = 6.9; P = 0.001; CI = 3.4–9.8), access to veterinary services (odds = 10.87; P = 0.004; CI = 4.8–15.9) and management system (odds = 2.57; P = 0.001; CI = 1.3–7.5). In summary, the majority (78.7%) of anthrax outbreaks were observed in areas with low veterinary services (χ2 = 8.6162, P = 0.013) within the newly created districts of Nalolo, Mwandi and Luampa.
A spontaneous electric field membrane bioreactor with the innovative Cu‐nanowires conductive microfiltration membrane for membrane fouling mitigation and pollutant removal
Authors: Yin Xiafei , Li Xiufen , Wang Xinhua , Ren Yueping , Hua Zhaozhe 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, a spontaneous electric field membrane bioreactor (SEF‐MBR), equipped with the innovative Cu‐nanowires conductive microfiltration membrane, was developed to achieve membrane fouling mitigation and high‐quality effluent. The membrane fouling was significantly mitigated due to the presence of spontaneous electric field that the intensity of the spontaneous electric field in the established SEF‐MBR was up to 0.073 V/cm. After over 2‐month operation, the membrane flux of SEF‐MBR was 2.1 times that of the control reactor. The thickness of fouling layer on the Cu‐nanowires conductive membrane surface was about 80 μm, which was far thinner than that on the surface of commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. Meanwhile, it was featured with the lower microbe density and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) content. The effluent quality of SEF‐MBR met the first‐class discharge standards, and the removal rates were 94.5% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 99.8% for , 78.5% for total nitrogen (TN), and 86.6% for total phosphorus (TP). The established system with the innovative Cu‐nanowires conductive membrane showed a promising prospect for using the spontaneous electric field to mitigate membrane fouling and achieve high‐quality effluent without extra power consumption.Practitioner points

The innovative Cu‐NWs conductive microfiltration membrane was prepared.

The spontaneous electric field in the novel SEF‐MBR mitigated membrane fouling.

The fouling layer of the novel SEF‐MBR was thinner with lower microbe and EPS content.

The effluent quality of the novel SEF‐MBR met the first‐class discharge standard.
Comparative clinical outcomes between direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin among elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in the CMS medicare population
Authors: Amin Alpesh , Keshishian Allison , Dina Oluwaseyi , Dhamane Amol , Nadkarni Anagha , Carda Eric , Russ Cristina , Rosenblatt Lisa , Mardekian Jack , Yuce Huseyin , Baker Christine L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence increases with age; > 80% of US adults with AF are aged ≥ 65 years. Compare the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (SE), major bleeding (MB), net clinical outcome (NCO), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among elderly non-valvular AF (NVAF) Medicare patients prescribed direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) vs warfarin. NVAF patients aged ≥ 65 years who initiated DOACs (apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban) or warfarin were selected from 01JAN2013-31DEC2015 in CMS Medicare data. Propensity score matching was used to balance DOAC and warfarin cohorts. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the risk of stroke/SE, MB, NCO, and MACE. 37,525 apixaban–warfarin, 18,131 dabigatran–warfarin, and 55,359 rivaroxaban–warfarin pairs were included. Compared to warfarin, apixaban (HR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.59–0.81) and rivaroxaban (HR: 0.82; 95% CI 0.73–0.91) had lower risk of stroke/SE, and dabigatran (HR: 0.88; 95% CI 0.72–1.07) had similar risk of stroke/SE. Apixaban (MB: HR: 0.61; 95% CI 0.57–0.67; NCO: HR: 0.64; 95% CI 0.60–0.69) and dabigatran (MB: HR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.71–0.89; NCO: HR: 0.84; 95% CI 0.76–0.93) had lower risk of MB and NCO, and rivaroxaban had higher risk of MB (HR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.02–1.14) and similar risk of NCO (HR: 1.04; 95% CI 0.99–1.09). Compared to warfarin, apixaban had a lower risk for stroke/SE, MB, and NCO; dabigatran had a lower risk of MB and NCO; and rivaroxaban had a lower risk of stroke/SE but higher risk of MB. All DOACs had lower risk of MACE compared to warfarin.
The Ontology of Uncertainty in Finance: The Normative Legacy of General Equilibrium
Authors: Boldyrev Ivan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper considers in detail the ontological and normative presuppositions of the state-contingent approach to pricing commodities first introduced by Arrow (Le rôle des valeurs boursières pour la répartition la meilleure des risques. Econométrie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, 1953) in his model of general equilibrium under uncertainty, which became a milestone in the theory of finance. By contextualizing Arrow’s fundamental contribution and subsequent developments in finance, it demonstrates how this new conceptual framework implied certain technologies—both intellectual and financial. In showing how theoretical thinking about finance was underlying institutional developments in finance, this paper complements the familiar narrative of the performativity of economics.