bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISPR/Cas9‐based mutation reveals Argonaute 1 is essential for pigmentation in Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: You Lang , Bi Hong‐Lun , Wang Yao‐Hui , Li Xiao‐Wei , Chen Xi‐En , Li Zhi‐Qian 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOstrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in Asia. Traditional pest‐management methods include sex pheromone capture, transgenic crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis toxin, and pesticides. Although these strategies control pest populations effectively, they also cause negative side effects, including dramatically increased pesticide resistance, severe pollution, and hazards for human health. Recently developed genome editing tools provide new prospects for pest management and have been successfully used in several species. However, few examples have been reported in the agricultural pest O. furnacalis due to a lack in genomic information. In this report, we identified only one transcript of O. furnacalis Argonaute 1 (OfAgo1) gene from the genome and cloned the open reading frame. OfAgo1 presented the maximum expression at the embryo stage or in the fat body during the larval stages. To understand its function, an OfAgo1 mutant was constructed using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat/RNA‐guided Cas9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9). Mutagenesis of OfAgo1 disrupted cuticle pigmentation by down‐regulating micro RNAs and pigmentation‐related genes. This is the first report for the cloning and functional analysis of OfAgo1, revealing a role of OfAgo1 in cuticle pigmentation. The current report also established a CRISPR/Cas9 system in O. furnacalis, providing a new insight for pest management.
Enzymatic Modification of Rice Bran Polysaccharides by Enzymes from Grifola Frondosa: Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Liu Shiyao , Zhuang Xuhui , Zhang Xiaolin , Han Wei , Liu Yuchun , Sun Dongmei , Guo Weiqun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRice bran polysaccharides (RBPSs) are the major active constituents of rice bran (RB). In this study, we utilized intracellular enzymes from Grifola frondosa to modify RBPSs, which were extracted from RB using ultrasound. To enhance the effect on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity of modified polysaccharides (mRBPSs) generated from RBPSs, an orthogonal test (L9[3]4) was employed to optimize the modification conditions. Based on the results of a single‐factor test, the enzyme to polysaccharide ratio, reaction temperature, reaction pH, and reaction time were the main factors affecting mRBPSs‐enhanced NK‐cell cytotoxicity. The best conditions were determined to be an enzyme to polysaccharide ratio of 1:5, a reaction temperature of 40 °C, a reaction pH of 4, and a reaction time of 4 hr. By optimizing the conditions, the NK‐cell cytotoxicity induced by mRBPSs6 was the highest, increasing by 12.01% ± 0.08%. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed that mRBPSs6 consists of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose at a molar ratio of 7:21:6:5:53:48, which was 8:13:8:5:44:44 before modification. High‐performance liquid chromatography results indicated molecular weights for the RBPSs of approximately 106 Da, which decreased to 104 to 105 Da after modification. Antioxidant activity tests revealed high capacity of mRBPSs6 for scavenging 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radicals and hydroxyl free radicals at 1.0 mg/mL.Practical ApplicationRice bran polysaccharides (RBPSs) contain compounds with many biological activities. However, these polysaccharides difficult to absorb due to high molecular weights and unexposed active sites, which are the main factors that limit their use in functional foods. The results of this study demonstrate that modification of RBPSs using intracellular enzymes from an edible fungus alters the molecular weights and monosaccharide composition of RBPSs. In addition, immune and antioxidant activities of RBPSs were increased. The findings provide a new and beneficial application for rice bran.
Reconstructing phylogeny from reduced‐representation genome sequencing data without assembly or alignment
Authors: Fan Huan , Ives Anthony R. , Surget‐Groba Yann 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReduced‐representation genome sequencing such as RADseq aids the analysis of genomes by reducing the quantity of data, thereby lowering both sequencing costs and computational burdens. RADseq was initially designed for studying genetic variation across genomes at the population level, but has also proved to be suitable for interspecific phylogeny reconstruction. RADseq data pose challenges for standard phylogenomic methods, however, due to incomplete coverage of the genome and large amounts of missing data. Alignment‐free methods are both efficient and accurate for phylogenetic reconstructions with whole genomes and are especially practical for nonmodel organisms; nonetheless, alignment‐free methods have not been applied with reduced genome sequencing data. Here, we test a full‐genome assembly‐ and alignment‐free method, AAF, in application to RADseq data and propose two procedures for reads selection to remove reads from restriction sites that were not found in taxa being compared. We validate these methods using both simulations and real data sets. Reads selection improved the accuracy of phylogenetic construction in every simulated scenario and the two real data sets, making AAF as good or better than a comparable alignment‐based method, even though AAF had much lower computational burdens. We also investigated the sources of missing data in RADseq and their effects on phylogeny reconstruction using AAF. The AAF pipeline modified for RADseq or other reduced‐representation sequencing data, phyloRAD, is available on github (https://github.com/fanhuan/phyloRAD).
Effects of gamma radiation on the survival of four species of thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)
Authors: Nicholas Adrian , Lidbetter Fiona , Eagleton Fah , Spohr Lorraine , Harris Anne , Barchia Idris 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe survival of four species of thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella schultzei, Thrips tabaci and Thrips imaginis) exposed to gamma irradiation at doses of 0, 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gray was investigated. The aim of the work was to identify a generic dose of gamma radiation capable of killing or sterilising thrips infesting horticultural produce to prevent movement to, and colonisation of host plants in noninfested regions or countries. To simulate naturally occurring thrips populations, mixed life‐stages were irradiated, and the effects compared with a nonirradiated control. The eggs of F. occidentalis and T. tabaci were more tolerant to irradiation than those of F. schultzei and Thrips imaginis, but none of the F. occidentalis or T. tabaci eggs developed beyond first stage larvae when irradiated at a target dose of 200 Gy. In mixed life‐stage tests, all species had a similar tolerance to gamma irradiation. At a target dose of 200 Gy, all species were sterilised and no further offspring were produced. Based on these results, a minimum generic dose of 200 Gy would be sufficient to control these species of thrips in fresh horticultural produce destined for export to thrips‐sensitive regions. A target dose of 250 Gy will provide a further margin of safety, until large‐scale confirmatory trials are completed.
The presence of atrial fibrillation in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is predictive of mortality: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prasitlumkum Narut , Kittipibul Veraprapas , Limpruttidham Nath , Rattanawong Pattara , Chongsathidkiet Pakawat , Boondarikpornpant Thosaporn 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is known as the most common arrhythmia and an independent risk factor for mortality. Recent studies suggest that AF is associated with morbidity and mortality in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). However, a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature have not been done. We assessed the association between AF in patients with TTC and mortality by a systematic review of the literature and a meta‐analysis.MethodsWe comprehensively searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to January 2018. Included studies were published prospective or retrospective cohort studies that compared all‐cause mortality in TTC with AF versus without AF. Data from each study were combined using the random‐effects, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFive studies from August 2008 to October 2017 were included in this meta‐analysis involving 2,321 subjects with TTC (243 with AF and 2,078 without AF). The presence of AF was associated with all‐cause mortality (pooled odds ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.57–3.06, p < 0.001, I 2 = 0%).ConclusionAtrial fibrillation increased all‐cause mortality by double among patients with TTC compared to without it. Our study suggests that the presence of AF in TTC is prognostic for all‐cause mortality.
Aromatherapy: Activating olfactory calcium‐sensing receptors impairs renal hemodynamics via sympathetic nerve‐mediated vasoconstriction
Authors: Lee Shih‐Pin , Wu Wei‐Yi , Hsiao Jong‐Kai , Zhou Jia‐Hao , Chang Hao‐Hsiang , Chien Chiang‐Ting 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimThis study determines whether the activation of olfactory calcium‐sensing receptor initiates a sympathetic activation‐dependent neurovascular reflex subsequently contributing to renal hemodynamic depression.MethodsImmunohistochemistry and nose‐loading calcium‐sensitive dye were used to explore the location and function of calcium‐sensing receptor on the olfactory sensory neuron. The renal sympathetic nervous activity, renal hemodynamics and the microcirculation of kidney, liver and intestine were evaluated after liquid‐phase intranasal administrations of saline, lidocaine, calcium‐sensing receptor agonists and antagonist in sham and bilateral renal denervated rats. Real‐time renal glomerular filtration rate was measured by a magnetic resonance renography.ResultsCalcium‐sensing receptors were expressed on the cilia the olfactory sensory neuron and their activation depolarized olfactory sensory neuron and induced the calcium influx in the terminal side on olfactory glomeruli. Activating olfactory calcium‐sensing receptors significantly increased arterial blood pressure and renal sympathetic nervous activities and subsequently decreased renal blood flow, renal, hepatic and enteral microcirculation. Cotreatments with calcium‐sensing receptor antagonist or lidocaine inhibited these physiological alterations. The renal hemodynamic depressions by olfactory calcium‐sensing receptor activation were significantly blocked by bilateral renal denervation. The intranasal manganese administration decreased the glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionCalcium‐sensing receptor acts as a functional chemosensory receptor on olfactory sensory neuron, and its activation causes the global sympathetic enhancement contributing to systematic vasoconstriction and subsequently depresses renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. These data implicate a possibly clinical aspect that several environmental stimuli may activate olfactory calcium‐sensing receptors to evoke a sympathetic nervous system‐mediated neurovascular reflex to depress renal hemodynamics.
Letter: unlikely liver bedfellows—alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency and granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Farshad S. , Imam Z. H. , Tobi M. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Townsend et al and Turner papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14537 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14809.
Editorial: real‐life data confirm efficacy of elbasvir/grazoprevir in HCV patients with severe kidney disease
Authors: Rumi M. G. , Occhipinti V. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Flamm et al and Flamm papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14635 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14826.
Letter: unlikely liver bedfellows—alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency and granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Author's reply
Authors: Turner A. M. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Townsend et al and Farshad et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14537 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14675.
Letter: impact of HBV genotypes and PC/BCP mutations on serum HBsAg levels in Chinese HBeAg‐negative patients
Authors: Chen E.‐Q. , Wang M.‐L. , Wu D.‐B. , Liao J. , Tang H. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Kuhnhenn et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14636 and https://doi/org/10.1111/apt.14836.
Letter: impact of HBV genotypes and PC/BCP mutations on serum HBsAg levels in Chinese HBeAg negative patients—Authors′ reply
Authors: Kuhnhenn L. , Jiang B. , Kubesch A. , Zeuzem S. , Sarrazin C. , Hildt E. , Peffer K.‐H. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Kuhnhenn et al and Chen et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14636 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14815.
Offset Analgesia and The Impact of Treatment with Oxycodone and Venlafaxine: A Placebo‐Controlled, Randomized Trial in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Olesen Anne E. , Nissen Thomas D. , Nilsson Matias , Lelic Dina , Brock Christina , Christrup Lona L. , Drewes Asbjørn M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOffset analgesia (OA) is a pain‐modulating mechanism described as a disproportionately large decrease in pain intensity evoked by a discrete decrease in stimulus temperature. The role of the opioidergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic systems on OA remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether OA is modulated by an opioid (oxycodone) and a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (venlafaxine) in terms of psychophysical assessments. In this randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled cross‐over study, 20 healthy male participants (mean age: 24.6 ± 2.5 years) received 10 mg oxycodone, 37.5 mg venlafaxine or placebo twice daily for 5 days in three periods. OA was induced by noxious thermal stimulation on the forearm at baseline and last day of treatment. A control session of constant stimulus intensity was included for comparison. OA magnitude was unaffected by oxycodone and venlafaxine (p = 0.20 and p = 0.90, respectively). Oxycodone affected the control paradigm where a decreased rating of pain intensity was observed compared to placebo (p = 0.001). OA could not be modulated by oxycodone or venlafaxine and may be a robust phenomenon in healthy volunteers and not suitable for exploring pharmacological mechanisms of analgesia in human beings.
Advances in understanding iron metabolism and its crosstalk with erythropoiesis
Authors: Camaschella Clara , Pagani Alessia 
Published: June 2018

SummaryRecent years have witnessed impressive advances in our understanding of iron metabolism. A number of studies of iron disorders and of their animal models have provided landmark insights into the mechanisms of iron trafficking, distribution and homeostatic regulation, the latter essential to prevent both iron deficiency and iron excess. Our perception of iron metabolism has been completely changed by an improved definition of cellular and systemic iron homeostasis, of the molecular pathogenesis of iron disorders, the fine tuning of the iron hormone hepcidin by activators and inhibitors and the dissection of the components of the hepcidin regulatory pathway. Important for haematology, the crosstalk of erythropoiesis, the most important iron consumer, and the hepcidin pathway has been at least partially clarified. Novel potential biomarkers are available and novel therapeutic targets for iron‐related disorders have been tested in murine models. These preclinical studies provided proofs of principle and are laying the ground for clinical trials. Understanding iron control in tissues other than erythropoiesis remains a challenge for the future.
Oxidative stress and phosphatidylserine exposure in red cells from patients with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Hannemann Anke , Rees David C. , Brewin John N. , Noe Andreas , Low Ben , Gibson John S. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPhosphatidylserine (PS) exposure increases as red cells age, and is an important signal for the removal of senescent cells from the circulation. PS exposure is elevated in red cells from sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients and is thought to enhance haemolysis and vaso‐occlusion. Although precise conditions leading to its externalisation are unclear, high intracellular Ca2+ has been implicated. Red cells from SCA patients are also exposed to an increased oxidative challenge, and we postulated that this stimulates PS exposure, through increased Ca2+ levels. We tested four different ways of generating oxidative stress: hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase, phenazine methosulphate, nitrite and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, together with thiol modification with N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM), dithiothreitol and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), in red cells permeabilised to Ca2+ using bromo‐A23187. Unexpectedly, our findings showed that the four oxidants significantly reduced Ca2+‐induced PS exposure (by 40–60%) with no appreciable effect on Ca2+ affinity. By contrast, NEM markedly increased PS exposure (by about 400%) and slightly but significantly increased the affinity for Ca2+. Dithiothreitol modestly reduced PS exposure (by 25%) and HOCl had no effect. These findings emphasise the importance of thiol modification for PS exposure in sickle cells but suggest that increased oxidant stress alone is not important.
Climate reconstruction for the Entre‐Douro‐e‐Minho region (NWPortugal) betweenAD1626 andAD1820: synthesis of viticulture data and foraminiferal evidence
Authors: Moreno João , Fatela Francisco , Gonçalves Mário A. , Leorri Eduardo , Trigo Ricardo M. , Moreno Filipa , Gómez‐Navarro Juan J. , Brázdil Rudolf , Ferreira Manuel J. 
Published: June 2018

This work presents two novel climate‐related time series for the northwest of Portugal. The first is anAD1626–1820 triennial‐resolved wine production series, based on the Benedictine accounts from six monasteries of the Entre‐Douro‐e‐Minho (EDM) region. The second, anAD1654–2010 benthic foraminiferal record from the Caminha salt marsh, located in the lower estuary of the Minho River. The series were analysed together for the common period to outline how both palaeoclimatic proxies respond to the most likely natural environmental drivers of temporal variability, solar forcing included. Singular spectral analysis revealed a common significant multidecadal periodicity agreeing with recognized long‐term changes in solar activity, i.e. the Lower Gleissberg cycle (50–80 years). The application of wavelet analysis allowed the detection of high coherence at this time scale (centred atc. 64 years) between marsh foraminifera and both total solar irradiance and the North Atlantic Oscillation index. This relationship persists throughout thec. AD1730–1875 period. The continuous wavelet transform results for wine production were inconclusive. As the time‐span analysed is recognized as one of high socio‐economic and political distress, the main human‐driven impacts on wine production, particularly in the two periods of greatly reduced solar activity – the Maunder and Dalton Minima – are reviewed in the light of the available historical records. In addition to a documented climate‐related agricultural crisis in Portugal, damage and losses to wine production may have been triggered by several local and international conflicts in which the country was involved. But to what extent the two influences contributed to the wine production variations observed in theEDMregion during both periods remains an open question.
Forest disturbance and seasonal food availability influence a conditional seed dispersal mutualism
Authors: Aliyu Babale , Thia Joshua A. , Moltchanova Elena , Forget Pierre‐Michel , Chapman Hazel M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe interaction between granivorous scatterhoarding mammals and plants is a conditional mutualism: scatterhoarders consume seeds (acting as predators), but the movement of seed by scatterhoarders may contribute to dispersal (acting as mutualists). Understanding the ecological factors that shape this relationship is highly relevant in anthropogenically disturbed tropical forests where large‐bodied frugivores are extirpated. In such forests, large‐seeded trees that once depended on these frugivores for dispersal may now only have scatterhoarders as prospective dispersers. We studied Carapa oreophila (Meliaceae) in an Afromontane forest, to test the hypotheses that the proportion of seeds immediately consumed or hoarded (dispersed) would vary over a disturbance gradient. Temporal replication also afforded exploration of how habitat effects might vary with food availability. Using a Bayesian framework, we demonstrate that seeds were more likely to be hoarded in less disturbed forest, irrespective of temporal variation in food abundance. In contrast, forest disturbance only appeared to increase seed predation in temporal replicates that coincided with sustained food availability. These results highlight the potential variability in the dynamics between plants and scatterhoarders over fine temporal scales, elucidating possible ecological scenarios where scatterhoarders might act as mutualists (contributing positively to plant recruitment). Our study also fills important knowledge gaps about the importance of scatterhoarders as dispersers in tropical forests depleted of large‐bodied frugivores, particularly in Africa where scatterhoarding mutualisms have not been extensively studied.
Survival analysis of multiple peptide vaccination for the selection of correlated peptides in urological cancers
Authors: Noguchi Masanori , Koga Noriko , Moriya Fukuko , Suekane Shigetaka , Yutani Shigeru , Yamada Akira , Shichijo Shigeki , Kakuma Tatuyuki , Itoh Kyogo 
Published: June 2018

Peptide‐based cancer vaccines are able to induce strong immune responses, but their clinical results are unsatisfactory. To determine clinically correlated peptides, we analyzed survival data from urological cancer patients treated by personalized peptide vaccination (PPV), in which different multiple peptides were used for individual patients based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type and pre‐existing immunity. Survival data were obtained from a database of 265 urological cancer patients treated in 5 clinical PPV trials comprising 154 patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and 111 patients with advanced urothelial cancer (UC). Expression of tumor‐associated antigens (TAA) was evaluated in 10 prostate cancer tissues, 4 metastatic lymph nodes from prostate cancer, and 10 UC tissues using immunohistochemical staining. Clinical efficacy of individual peptides for overall survival was evaluated by the Cox proportional hazards regression model. All TAA coding candidate peptides used in PPV treatment were expressed in tumor cells from prostate cancer and UC samples except for p56Lck in both, and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the UC samples. Patients with the following peptides had a significantly longer survival than patients without the peptides (hazard ratio <1.0, 95% confidence intervals <1.0 and P < .05): SART3‐109, PTHrP‐102, HNPRL‐140, SART3‐302 and Lck‐90 in CRPC patients, and EGF‐R‐800, Lck‐486, PSMA‐624, CypB‐129 and SART3‐734 in advanced UC patients, respectively. Correlated peptides selected using both survival data and pre‐existing immunity for PPV treatment may enhance the clinical benefits for urological cancer patients.