bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT) Threshold Voltage with Monomer Blends
Authors: Priyadarshini Diana , Li Changbai , Rilemark Rebecka , Abrahamsson Tobias , Donahue Mary J. , Strakosas Xenofon , Ek Fredrik , Olsson Roger , Musumeci Chiara , Fabiano Simone , Berggren Magnus , Olsson Eva , Simon Daniel T. , Gerasimov Jennifer Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA novel approach is introduced to modulate the threshold voltage of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) that are fabricated by electropolymerizing the channel material between the source and drain electrodes. To achieve this, we adjust the ratio of two water‐soluble tri‐thiophene monomers, which share the same backbone, but present either anionic or zwitterionic sidechains, during channel formation. This approach allows for a continuous modulation of both the electropolymerization onset potential and the native doping state of the film. We attribute the effect of monomer blends displaying properties that are a weighted average of their components to the formation of nanoscale monomer aggregates that have a uniform internal charge density. Through an investigation of monomer aggregation behavior, polymer film growth, and device properties of OECTs fabricated by electropolymerization, we highlight the importance of monomer aggregation in the electropolymerization of conducting polymers. The ability to tune both electropolymerization onset and the OECT threshold voltage has significant implications for the development of more complex circuits for integrated neuromorphic computing, biosensing, and bioelectronic systems.
Hydrogen, a versatile chemical for the future: Applications and production methods
Authors: Etezadi Razieh , Wang Rongcheng , Tsotsis Theodore T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHydrogen, the simplest and most abundant element in the universe, is poised today to play a critical role in the transition toward a clean energy future. This perspective article explores the potential of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier. First, the historical and modern hydrogen applications across various sectors are examined. Then, the article delves into the different methods for hydrogen production. Since conventional fossil fuel‐based production methods raise environmental concerns, the article explores promising alternatives for cleaner hydrogen generation, including electrolysis powered by renewable energy, biomass gasification, and photocatalytic reforming. The technical details and advantages/disadvantages of hydrogen production methods are discussed, as well as the ongoing research and development efforts to improve the existing techniques and to make them more sustainable, efficient, and cost‐effective. As the world strives for a cleaner energy future, hydrogen holds immense potential to play a transformative role.
Midlife and late‐life environmental exposures on dementia risk in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study: The modifying effects of ApoE
Authors: Williams Victoria J. , Trane Ralph , Sicinski Kamil , Herd Pamela , Engelman Michal , Asthana Sanjay 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONLate‐life air pollution exposure is associated with an increased risk for dementia, with this effect exacerbated among apolipoprotein E‐4 (ApoE‐4) carriers. However, whether midlife occupational exposures likewise influence dementia outcomes, and varies as a function of ApoE‐4 status is unknown.METHODSUsing data from 3814 participants in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), we employed weighted logistic regression to evaluate associations between midlife occupational respiratory exposures and late‐life air pollution on all‐cause dementia risk, stratified by ApoE‐4 status.RESULTSMidlife occupational exposure was associated with increased odds of all‐cause dementia preferentially among ApoE‐4 noncarriers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, p = 0.01), whereas higher late‐life urban air pollution exposure was associated with increased dementia risk among ApoE‐4 carriers (OR = 1.258, p = 0.029).DISCUSSIONAssociations between environmental exposures and dementia risk vary based on the timing of exposure and ApoE‐4 status. While late‐life environmental exposures are associated with dementia among ApoE‐4 carriers, for noncarriers midlife environmental exposure confers the greatest risk.Highlights
The effect of adult environmental respiratory exposures on subsequent dementia risk varies as a function of both ApoE‐4 carrier status and exposure timing.
Midlife occupational exposure to respiratory hazards is preferentially associated with increased dementia odds among ApoE‐4 noncarriers.
Late‐life exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with dementia risk, but only among ApoE‐4 carriers.
While higher exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk for dementia, higher exposure to ozone was associated with reduced risk for dementia among ApoE‐4 carriers.
Benchmarking of a multi‐biomarker low‐volume panel for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research
Authors: Ibanez Laura , Liu Menghan , Beric Aleksandra , Timsina Jigyasha , Kohlfeld Pat , Bergmann Kristy , Lowery Joey , Sykora Nick , Sanchez‐Montejo Brenda , Brock Will , Budde John P. , Bateman Randall J. , Barthelemy Nicolas , Schindler Suzanne E. , Holtzman David M. , Benzinger Tammie L. S. , Xiong Chengjie , Tarawneh Rawan , Moulder Krista , Morris John C. , Sung Yun Ju , Cruchaga Carlos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIn the research setting, obtaining accurate established biomarker measurements and maximizing use of the precious samples is key. Accurate technologies are available for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but no platform can measure all the established and emerging biomarkers in one run. The NUcleic acid Linked Immuno‐Sandwich Assay (NULISA) is a technology that requires 15 µL of sample to measure more than 100 analytes.METHODSWe compared AD‐relevant biomarkers included in the NULISA against validated assays in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma.RESULTSCSF measures of amyloid beta 42/40, and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217 are highly correlated when measured by immunoassay, mass spectrometry, or NULISA. In plasma, p‐tau217 performance is similar to that reported with other technologies when predicting amyloidosis. Other biomarkers show a wide range of correlation values depending on the fluid and the platform.DISCUSSIONThe NULISA multiplexed platform produces reliable results for established biomarkers in CSF that are useful in research settings, with the advantage of measuring additional biomarkers using minimal sample volume.Highlights
We tested the novel technology NUcleic acid Linked Immuno‐Sandwich Assay (NULISA) in the dementia research setting.
NULISA multiplexed platform produces reliable results for established and emerging biomarkers using minimal sample volume.
Cerebrospinal fluid measures of amyloid beta 42/40, and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau)217 are highly correlated when measured by immunoassay, mass spectrometry, or NULISA.
In plasma, p‐tau217 performance is similar to that reported with other technologies when predicting amyloidosis.
NULISA measures are useful in research settings, with the advantage of measuring additional biomarkers using minimal sample volume.
Optimization of design and operational parameters of continuous oscillatory baffled reactors
Authors: Dewes Ruben M. , Mc Carogher Keiran , Van Olmen Jonas , Kuhn Simon , Van Gerven Tom 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOscillatory baffled reactors have obtained increasing popularity over the last decades, due to their high mixing efficiency at low flow rates. Several studies were performed on the optimization of geometrical and operational parameters. Yet, a full overview about the interactions in between those parameters is still missing, which can be ascribed to the high number of geometrical and operational parameters that can be varied. In the present work, a central composite rotatable design was used to obtain an overview about the interactions in between the geometrical and operational parameters. Through 3D‐printing, reactors were printed with high accuracy, assuring exact evaluation of geometrical effects on the flow. With particle image velocimetry the flow was characterized for effective mixing and the corresponding flow regime. The data obtained shows that the established optimization guidelines do not yield optimal operational conditions. Consequently, a new dimensionless number, the so called acceleration ratio , was introduced to offer additional guidelines for efficient reactor design. Moreover, it was found that the classical oscillatory Reynolds number does not sufficiently characterize the flow regime. An alternative form was derived from the classical Reynolds number and verified by experimental data. Both, the limits of the newly introduced acceleration ratio and redefined oscillatory Reynolds number are in good accordance with CFD‐results.
Neurologic Manifestations of Long COVID Disproportionately Affect Young and Middle‐Age Adults
Authors: Choudhury Natasha A. , Mukherjee Shreya , Singer Tracey , Venkatesh Aditi , Perez Giraldo Gina S. , Jimenez Millenia , Miller Janet , Lopez Melissa , Hanson Barbara A. , Bawa Aasheeta P. , Batra Ayush , Liotta Eric M. , Koralnik Igor J. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate neurologic manifestations of post‐acute sequelae of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (Neuro‐PASC) in post‐hospitalization Neuro‐PASC (PNP) and non‐hospitalized Neuro‐PASC (NNP) patients across the adult lifespan.MethodsCross‐sectional study of the first consecutive 200 PNP and 1,100 NNP patients evaluated at a Neuro‐coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) clinic between May 2020 and March 2023. Patients were divided into younger (18–44 years), middle‐age (45–64 years), and older (65+ years) age groups.ResultsYounger and middle‐age individuals accounted for 142 of 200 (71%) of PNP and 995 of 1100 (90.5%) of NNP patients. Significant age‐related differences in the frequencies of comorbidities and abnormal neurologic findings demonstrated higher prevalence in older patients. Conversely, 10 months from COVID‐19 onset, we found significant age‐related differences in Neuro‐PASC symptoms indicating lower prevalence, and therefore, symptom burden, in older individuals. Moreover, there were significant age‐related differences in subjective impression of fatigue (median [interquartile range (IQR)] patient‐reported outcomes measurement information system [PROMIS] score: younger 64 [57–69], middle‐age 63 [57–68], older 60.5 [50.8–68.3]; p = 0.04) and sleep disturbance (median [IQR] PROMIS score: younger 57 [51–63], middle‐age 56 [53–63], older 54 [46.8–58]; p = 0.002) in the NNP group, commensurate with higher impairment in quality of life (QoL) among younger patients. Finally, there were significant age‐related differences in objective executive function (median [IQR] National Institutes of Health [NIH] toolbox score: younger 48 [35–63], middle‐age 49 [38–63], older 54.5 [45–66.3]; p = 0.01), and working memory (median [IQR] NIH toolbox score: younger 47 [40–53], middle‐age 50 [44–57], older 48 [43–58]; p = 0.0002) in NNP patients, with the worst performance coming from the younger group.InterpretationYounger and middle‐age individuals are disproportionally affected by Neuro‐PASC regardless of acute COVID‐19 severity. Although older people more frequently have abnormal neurologic findings and comorbidities, younger and middle‐age patients suffer from a higher burden of Neuro‐PASC symptoms and cognitive dysfunction contributing to decreased QoL. Neuro‐PASC principally affects adults in their prime, contributing to profound public health and socioeconomic impacts warranting dedicated resources for prevention, diagnosis and interventions. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:369–383
Self‐Assembled Peptide‐Derived Proteolysis‐Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) Nanoparticles for Tumor‐Targeted and Durable PD‐L1 Degradation in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Moon Yujeong , Cho Hanhee , Kim Jinseong , Song Sukyung , Yeon Park Jung , Young Min Jin , Hee Han Eun , Kim Yongju , Seong Joon‐Kyung , Kyu Shim Man , Kim Kwangmeyung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProteolysis‐targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a promising technique for the specific and durable degradation of cancer‐related proteins via the ubiquitin‐proteasome system in cancer treatment. However, the therapeutic efficacy of PROTACs is restricted due to their hydrophobicity, poor cell permeability and insufficient tumor‐targeting ability. Herein, we develop the self‐assembled peptide‐derived PROTAC nanoparticles (PT‐NPs) for precise and durable programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD−L1) degradation in targeted tumors. The PT‐NPs with an average size of 211.8 nm are formed through the self‐assembly of amphiphilic peptide‐derived PROTAC (CLQKTPKQC‐FF‐ALAPYIP), comprising a PD−L1‐targeting ‘CLQKTPKQC’, self‐assembling linker ‘FF’ and E3 ligase recruiting ‘ALAPYIP’. Particularly, PT‐NPs strongly bind to tumor cell surface PD−L1 to form PD−L1/PT‐NPs complex, then internalized through receptor‐mediated endocytosis and degraded in lysosomes. Second, free PROTACs released from PT‐NPs to the cytoplasm further induce the durable proteolysis of cytoplasmic PD−L1 via the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. In colon tumor models, intravenously injected PT‐NPs accumulate significantly at targeted tumor tissues through nanoparticle‐derived passive and active targeting. At the targeted tumor tissues, PT‐NPs promote durable PD−L1 degradation and ultimately trigger a substantial antitumor immune response. Collectively, this study provides valuable insights into the rational design of self‐assembled peptide‐derived PROTAC nanoparticles to ensure noticeable accuracy and enhanced efficacy in cancer treatment.
Crystalline Assemblies of DNA Nanostructures and Their Functional Properties
Authors: Li Xueqiao , Wang Jiaoyang , Baptist Anna , Wu Wenna , Heuer‐Jungemann Amelie , Zhang Tao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelf‐assembly presents a remarkable approach for creating intricate structures by positioning nanomaterials in precise locations, with control over molecular interactions. For example, material arrays with interplanar distances similar to the wavelength of light can generate structural color through complex interactions like scattering, diffraction, and interference. Moreover, enzymes, plasmonic nanoparticles, and luminescent materials organized in periodic lattices are envisioned to create functional materials with various applications. Focusing on structural DNA nanotechnology, here, we summarized the recent developments of two‐ and three‐dimensional lattices made purely from DNA nanostructures. We review DNA‐based monomer design for different lattices, guest molecule assembly, and inorganic material coating techniques and discuss their functional properties and potential applications in photonic crystals, nanoelectronics, and bioengineering as well as future challenges and perspectives.
Synthetic Biomolecular Condensates: Phase‐Separation Control, Cytomimetic Modelling and Emerging Biomedical Potential
Authors: Song Siyu , Ivanov Tsvetomir , Doan‐Nguyen Thao. P. , da Silva Lucas Caire , Xie Jing , Landfester Katharina , Cao Shoupeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLiquid‐liquid phase separation towards the formation of synthetic coacervate droplets represents a rapidly advancing frontier in the fields of synthetic biology, material science, and biomedicine. These artificial constructures mimic the biophysical principles and dynamic features of natural biomolecular condensates that are pivotal for cellular regulation and organization. Via adapting biological concepts, synthetic condensates with dynamic phase‐separation control provide crucial insights into the fundamental cell processes and regulation of complex biological pathways. They are increasingly designed with the ability to display more complex and ambitious cell‐like features and behaviors, which offer innovative solutions for cytomimetic modeling and engineering active materials with sophisticated functions. In this minireview, we highlight recent advancements in the design and construction of synthetic coacervate droplets; including their biomimicry structure and organization to replicate life‐like properties and behaviors, and the dynamic control towards engineering active coacervates. Moreover, we highlight the unique applications of synthetic coacervates as catalytic centers and promising delivery vehicles, so that these biomimicry assemblies can be translated into practical applications.
Bienzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols by Esterification/Racemization in Water
Authors: Rudzka Aleksandra , Reiter Tamara , Kroutil Wolfgang , Borowiecki Paweł 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) is a key method used to prepare optically pure compounds in 100 % theoretical yield starting from racemic substrates by combining the interconversion of substrate enantiomers with an enantioselective transformation. Various chemoenzymatic DKR approaches have been developed to deracemize secondary alcohols, typically requiring an organic solvent to facilitate enantioselective acylation, primarily catalyzed by lipases, alongside racemization mediated by an achiral, non‐enzymatic catalyst. Achieving both steps in an aqueous solution remained elusive. Herein, we report a DKR of racemic sec‐alcohols in an aqueous solution requiring only two biocatalysts. The first key to success was to achieve fast racemization in a buffer employing a non‐stereoselective variant of an alcohol dehydrogenase (Lk‐ADH‐Prince) via a hydrogen‐borrowing oxidation‐reduction sequence. Engineered variants of the acyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) enabled enantioselective acyl transfer in water. Besides the appropriate choice of the enzymes, identifying a suitable acyl donor was a second key to the success. The DKR was successfully demonstrated using (R)‐selective MsAcT variants for a broad range of racemic (hetero)benzylic alcohols with 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acetate as the acyl donor, yielding (R)‐acetates with up to >99 % conv. and high‐to‐excellent optical purity (83–99.9 % ee). The (S)‐acetates were accessible using a stereocomplementary (S)‐selective MsAcT variant. Notably, substrate concentrations of up to 400 mM were tolerated in selected cases.
A Scenario for a Carbon‐Neutral Ammonia‐Fueled Engine Mediated by Catalytic NH3 Cracking and CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Ren Jie , Li Hongliang , Lou Hao , Zhou Weili , Zeng Feng , Wang Yu , Liu Xiaokang , Mebrahtu Chalachew , Pei Gang , Cao Jing‐Pei , Yao Tao , Wang Zhandong , Zeng Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUtilizing near zero‐carbon NH3 as fuel in engines is promising for carbon‐neutrality. However, the application of NH3 into the engine suffers from the intrinsic poor combustion characteristics of NH3 and the emission of harmful NOx exhausts. Herein, we proposed and successfully confirmed a novel scenario for converting a conventional “CH4‐fueled” engine to “NH3‐fueled” engine. Specifically, CH4 was used to power the internal combustion engine and release CO2 as the exhaust. Afterwards, we put forward two routes to convert the exhaust and NH3 into N2 and CH4 for enclosing the carbon cycle. The first “spatially decoupled” route splits the exhaust treatment into NH3 cracking over Ru clusters on the calcined Mg−Al hydrotalcite (Ru/MAO) and CO2 methanation over a commercial Ni/Al2O3. Both NH3 and CO2 were almost completely converted into the target products under their respective optimal conditions. The second “spatially coupled” route refers to an one‐pot reaction of NH3 and CO2 into N2, CH4, and H2O. Due to the mismatch of reaction conditions and the competitive adsorption of reactants, the conversions of NH3 and CO2 were lowered to 80.1 % and 49.3 %, respectively, over Ru/MAO under 1 bar (CO2:NH3=3 : 8) at 550 °C.
Two Octahedral Ni(II) and Cu(II) Mixed‐Ligand Complexes Incorporating 2,6‐Di(1H‐Pyrazol‐1‐yl)Pyridine and 4,4′‐Bipyridine: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro Bioactivity, and Molecular Docking Exploration
Authors: Khalaf Mai M. , Abd El‐Lateef Hany M. , Abdou Aly 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of NiBIDP and CuBIDP mixed‐ligand complexes. Synthesized with high yields in ethanol‐based solutions, these complexes demonstrate exceptional stability and non‐hygroscopic properties, with melting points exceeding 300°C. Solubility tests reveal compatibility with organic solvents such as acetonitrile, DMF, and DMSO, while being insoluble in water. Characterization through UV‐visible, IR, and mass spectrometry confirms octahedral coordination geometries around Ni(II) and Cu(II) centers. Thermal stability assessments indicate robust properties up to 180°C for NiBIDP and 170°C for CuBIDP. Computational analyses reveal significant electron localization and enhanced electron‐accepting capabilities in CuBIDP, as evidenced by its low LUMO value and high electrophilicity index. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analyses identify nucleophilic sites important for protein interactions, underscoring their potential in catalysis and materials science. Biological evaluations show that although the BI and DP ligands exhibit moderate antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidant activity, their metal complexes, particularly CuBIDP, demonstrate enhanced efficacy. Molecular docking studies further highlight the improved binding affinities of NiBIDP and CuBIDP with target proteins, suggesting their potential as therapeutic agents in drug discovery. In conclusion, this study provides significant insights into the structural, electronic, and biological properties of NiBIDP and CuBIDP complexes, supporting their development as versatile compounds in biomedical and materials science applications. Key outcomes include enhanced stability and bioactivity of metal complexes compared with their ligands, as well as promising therapeutic potential revealed through molecular docking analyses.
Synthesis of Zinc Porphyrin Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Tuning Electron‐Donor Group
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Yuan , Li Yu‐Xia , Zhang Wen‐Le , Wang Bo , Sun Xue‐Qin , Hu Yu‐Kui , Liu Jia‐Cheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are considered a promising solution to current energy challenges. In this study, three porphyrin sensitizers ZnP1–ZnP3 with donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) configurations were synthesized. The donors included 9,9‐dimethylfluorene, 4‐biphenyl, and 1,1′:3′,1″‐terphenyl groups, whereas alkynylbenzoic acid was used as the acceptor. The modification of the side alkyl chain addressed the poor solubility of the porphyrin sensitizer. The synthesized porphyrin sensitizers were structurally characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The introduction of electron donor groups into 1,1′:3′,1″‐terphenyl and alkynylbenzoic acid into the acceptor group improved the light‐harvesting ability of the sensitizer, increased the short‐circuit photocurrent density, and enhanced cell efficiency (η = 3.6%). Finally, density functional theory was used to verify the experimental results.