bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyses of virus/viroid communities in nectarine trees by next-generation sequencing and insight into viral synergisms implication in host disease symptoms
Authors: Xu Yunxiao , Li Shifang , Na Chengyong , Yang Lijuan , Lu Meiguang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe analyzed virus and viroid communities in five individual trees of two nectarine cultivars with different disease phenotypes using next-generation sequencing technology. Different viral communities were found in different cultivars and individual trees. A total of eight viruses and one viroid in five families were identified in a single tree. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the most-frequently identified viral and viroid species co-infect a single individual peach tree, and is also the first report of peach virus D infectingPrunusin China. Combining analyses of genetic variation and sRNA data for co-infecting viruses/viroid in individual trees revealed for the first time that viral synergisms involving a few virus genera in theBetaflexiviridae,Closteroviridae,and Luteoviridaefamilies play a role in determining disease symptoms. Evolutionary analysis of one of the most dominant peach pathogens, peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd), shows that the PLMVd sequences recovered from symptomatic and asymptomatic nectarine leaves did not all cluster together, and intra-isolate divergent sequence variants co-infected individual trees. Our study provides insight into the role that mixed viral/viroid communities infecting nectarine play in host symptom development, and will be important in further studies of epidemiological features of host-pathogen interactions.
Evaluation of the safety of using propofol for paediatric procedural sedation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Sunhee , Hahn Seokyung , Jang Myoung-jin , Choi Yunhee , Hong Hyunsook , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kim Hee-Soo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPropofol is one of the most widely used drugs for paediatric procedural sedation owing to its known advantages, but some concerns remain regarding respiratory and/or cardiac complications in patients receiving propofol. Although a considerable number of randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) have been conducted to compare it with other sedative agents or opioids for children undergoing various procedures, propofol is still being used off-label for this indication in many countries. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of those RCTs to provide an overall summation of evidence that can potentially be considered for further regulatory decisions, including reimbursement policies. We searched for RCTs in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their inception to January 31, 2018. Our meta-analysis of 30 RCTs confirmed that propofol sedation had advantages in recovery time when compared with other drugs, without excessive concerns for cardiovascular or respiratory adverse events. Its safety profile regarding coughing, nausea or vomiting, and emergence delirium was also similar to that of other drugs. The overall evidence suggests that propofol sedation for paediatric procedures should be considered more positively in the context of regulatory decisions.
Neonicotinoid insecticides limit the potential of spiders to re-colonize disturbed agroecosystems when using silk-mediated dispersal
Authors: Řezáč Milan , Řezáčová Veronika , Heneberg Petr 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAgroecosystems are subject to regular disturbances that cause extinction or migration of much of their fauna, followed by recolonization from surrounding refuges. In small-sized aeronaut spiders, such recolonization is potentiated by their ability to rappel and balloon. These are complex behaviors that we hypothesized to be affected by neurotoxins, namely, neonicotinoids. We tested this hypothesis using two common farmland spider species,Oedothorax apicatus(Linyphiidae) andPhylloneta impressa(Theridiidae). The spiders were topically exposed by dorsal wet application or tarsal dry exposure to commercial neonicotinoid formulations Actara 25 WG, Biscaya 240 OD, Mospilan 20 SP and Confidor 200 OD at concentrations that are recommended for application in agriculture. Contact exposure to neonicotinoids suppressed the ability of spiders to produce the major ampullate fiber and anchor it to the substratum by piriform fibrils. Contact exposure to neonicotinoids also suppressed the ballooning behavior that was manifested by climbing to elevated places, adopting a tiptoe position and producing silk gossamer in the wind. Impaired ability of affected common farmland spiders to quickly recolonize disturbed agroecosystems by silk-mediated dispersal may explain their decline in multiple farmland ecosystems, in which neonicotinoids are applied.
Ultrasound- versus landmark-guided subclavian vein catheterization: a prospective observational study from a tertiary referral hospital
Authors: Sidoti Anna , Brogi Etrusca , Biancofiore Giandomenico , Casagli Sergio , Guarracino Fabio , Malacarne Paolo , Tollapi Lara , Borselli Matteo , Santori Gregorio , Corradi Francesco , Forfori Francesco 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis was a single-center, observational, prospective study designed to compare the effectiveness of a real-time, ultrasound- with landmark-guided technique for subclavian vein cannulation. Two groups of 74 consecutive patients each underwent subclavian vein catheterization. One group included patients from intensive care unit, studied by using an ultrasound-guided technique. The other group included patients from surgery or emergency units, studied by using a landmark technique. The primary outcome for comparison between techniques was the success rate of catheterization. Secondary outcomes were the number of attempts, cannulation failure, and mechanical complications. Although there was no difference in total success rate between ultrasound-guided and landmark groups (71 vs. 68, p = 0.464), the ultrasound-guided technique was more frequently successful at first attempt (64 vs. 30, p < 0.001) and required less attempts (1 to 2 vs. 1 to 6, p < 0.001) than landmark technique. Moreover, the ultrasound-guided technique was associated with less complications (2 vs. 13, p < 0.001), interruptions of mechanical ventilation (1 vs. 57, p < 0.001), and post-procedure chest X-ray (43 vs. 62, p = 0.001). In comparison with landmark-guided technique, the use of an ultrasound-guided technique for subclavian catheterization offers advantages in terms of reduced number of attempts and complications.
Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in tumor microenvironment leads to suppression of metastatic potential of cancer cells
Authors: Lee Hye Eun , Lee Jin Young , Yang Gabsik , Kang Han Chang , Cho Yong-Yeon , Lee Hye Suk , Lee Joo Young 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTumor microenvironment favors tumor cells to promote their growth and metastasis such as migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. IL-1β, one of the inflammatory cytokines released from myeloid cells in tumor microenvironment, plays an important role in development and progress of tumor. The activation of inflammasome is a critical step to secrete mature IL-1β through stepwise reactions to activate capspase-1. Therefore, we investigated whether the inhibition of NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in macrophages regulated the metastatic potential of tumor cells. NLRP3 inflammasome was activated by ATP in bone marrow-derived primary mouse macrophages. The metastatic potential of mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10) was determined by migration and invasion assays with transwell system. ATP-treated wild-type macrophages increased the migration and invasion of melanoma cells. However, NLRP3- or caspase-1-knockout macrophages exhibited greatly diminished ability to promote the migration and invasion of melanoma cells. In addition, treatment with celastrol, an inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced the potency of macrophages to stimulate migration and invasion of melanoma cells. The results demonstrate that inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages by genetic deficiency or a pharmacological inhibitor is linked to suppression of the metastatic potential of tumor cells. The results would provide a novel anti-cancer strategy to modulate tumor microenvironment by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome and consequently reducing IL-1β production.
Composites of Bimetallic Platinum-Cobalt Alloy Nanoparticles and
Reduced Graphene Oxide for Electrochemical Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Dopamine, and
Uric Acid
Authors: Demirkan Buse , Bozkurt Sait , Şavk Aysun , Cellat Kemal , Gülbağca Fulya , Nas Mehmet Salih , Alma Mehmet Hakkı , Sen Fatih 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe ultimate aim of this study is to produce a composite of bimetallic
platinum-cobalt nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide (Pt-Co@rGO) based biosensor
for the detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Those are
biologically important molecules with the key functions for the human body.
Pt-Co@rGO was synthesized using a microwave-assisted technique and utilized for the
production of a highly sensitive and stable electrochemical biosensor. Detailed
spectral XPS and Raman analysis, XRD, and TEM/HR-TEM characterization were also
studied. Due to the superior activity and excellent conductivity of rGO,
well-separated oxidation peaks of these biomolecules is proven by DPV (differential
pulse voltammetry) and CV (cyclic voltammetry) measurements. The prepared
Pt-Co@rGO-based biosensor showed high electrochemical activity, a broad linear
response, high sensitivity, and acceptable limit of detection values for individual
and simultaneous determination of AA, DA, and UA, under optimized conditions. The
linear range of Pt-Co@rGO was found to be 170–200; 35–1500 and 5–800 µM for AA, DA,
and UA, respectively. Moreover, the detection limit of the prepared composite was
calculated as 0.345; 0.051; 0.172 µM for AA, DA, and UA, respectively. In the field
of electrochemical biosensors, Pt-Co@rGO based sensor is highly promising due to its
superior sensitivity and good selectivity properties.
Copper complexes of synthetic peptides mimicking neurotrophin-3 enhance neurite outgrowth and CREB phosphorylation
Authors: Naletova Irina , Grasso Giuseppa Ida , Satriano Cristina , Travaglia Alessio , La Mendola Diego , Arena Giuseppe , Rizzarelli Enrico 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work we report on the synthesis and physiochemical/biological characterization of a peptide encompassing the first thirteen residues of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). The protein capability to promote neurite outgrowth and axonal branching by a downstream mechanism that involves the increase of the cAMP response element-binding level (CREB) was found for the NT3(1–13) peptide, thus validating its protein mimetic behaviour. Since copper ions are also involved in neurotransmission and their internalization may be an essential step in neuron differentiation and CREB phosphorylation, the peptide and its copper complexes were characterized by potentiometric and spectroscopic techniques, including UV-visible, CD and EPR. To have a detailed picture of the coordination features of the copper complexes with NT3(1–13), we also scrutinized the two peptide fragments encompassing the shorter sequences 1–5 and 5–13, respectively, showing that the amino group is the main anchoring site for Cu(ii) at physiological pH. The peptide activity increased in the presence of copper ions. The effect of copper(ii) addition is more marked for NT3(1–13) than the other two peptide fragments, in agreement with its higher affinity for metal ions. Confocal microscopy measurements carried out on fluorescently labelled NT3(1–13) indicated that copper ions increase peptide internalization.
Sleepiness, Exertion Fatigue, Arousal, and Vigilant Attention in Persons With Chronic Aphasia
Authors: Riley Ellyn A. , Owora Arthur , McCleary Joshua , Anderson Alyssa 
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Individuals in the acute and chronic stages of stroke recovery often report more daytime sleepiness (
Sterr, Herron, Dijk, & Ellis, 2008
) and fatigue that qualitatively differs from “normal” feelings of fatigue they experienced prestroke (
De Doncker, Dantzer, Ormstad, & Kuppuswamy, 2018
). Speech-language pathologists frequently observe signs of fatigue in their clients with aphasia and perceive that client fatigue impedes therapeutic interventions (
Riley, 2017
). The current study aimed to quantify daytime sleepiness, exertion fatigue, and physiologically measured arousal and vigilant attention in persons with aphasia.

Method

We measured sleepiness, exertion fatigue, arousal, and vigilant attention in 10 participants with aphasia and 10 neurologically healthy adults. Daytime sleepiness was measured using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (
Johns, 1991
). Exertion fatigue was measured using the Visual Analog Fatigue Scale (
B. Y. Tseng, Gajewski, & Kluding, 2010
) before and after a 72-min computer-administered language task. Arousal was measured using heart rate and variability (
Shaffer & Ginsberg, 2017
). Vigilant attention was measured using electroencephalography and subsequently classified into 1 of 4 levels of vigilant attention using a classification algorithm (
Berka et al., 2004
).

Results
Persons with aphasia did not show significant differences from controls in reported amount of daytime sleepiness, exertion fatigue, or overall physiological arousal but demonstrated different patterns of electroencephalography-measured vigilant attention and error production as compared to controls.

Conclusions
Although overall sleepiness, exertion fatigue, and overall arousal did not differ between groups, physiological measures of vigilant attention may be more sensitive to differences and may explain feelings of fatigue that persons with chronic aphasia experience.
Improving the Derivational Morphological Skills of a Ninth Grader With Language and Reading Disabilities: A Public School Case Study
Authors: Green Laura , Steele Rebecca 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This article details the implementation of a morphological awareness intervention program to improve the use and spelling of derivational suffixes (e.g., the “ful” in careful) for a 9th-grade student with a language impairment and reading disability in a public school setting.

Method
The unpublished morphological intervention program was implemented via a 30-min, once-weekly therapy schedule across 10 weeks. Careful data collection, which included establishment of stable baseline performance on a morphological measure prior to treatment and administration of the same measure during and after intervention, was utilized to measure progress over time. Additionally, pre- and posttreatment measures of morphological awareness and social validity were also administered.

Results
The participant demonstrated an increase in correct use and spelling of targeted derivational suffixes, and social validity data provided qualitative support of treatment outcomes.

Conclusion
The treatment program and data collection were successfully conducted in a high school setting and within the confines of a typical public school speech therapy schedule and caseload.
Optical digital‐to‐analogue conversion for 2‐bit BPSK‐modulated signal based on delay line interferometer with balanced photodetector
Authors: Aikawa Y. 
Published: August 2019

Optical digital‐to‐analogue (DA) conversion has the potential to realise fully‐transparent optical communication systems, as it is considered to be fundamental in the most of operations, including packet switching and label processor. However, most DA converters have been confined to on–off keying modulation as opposed to phase‐shift keying (PSK) modulation. In this Letter, the author provides an optical DA converter for binary PSK (BPSK) signal. The proposed scheme converts a digitised information into an optical intensity by using delay line interferometer and balanced photodetector. The scheme generates a quadrature PSK (QPSK) signal from two BPSK signals, then, the generated QPSK signal is coupled with a ‐shifted signal. The four constellations of the QPSK signal are converted into four levels at equal intervals when the angle is set at and . It is concluded that the optical 2‐bit DA conversion is experimentally demonstrated for BPSK signal at 10 Gbps.
Twelve port MIMO antenna with polarisation diversity for cognitive radio applications
Authors: Srikar D. , Anuradha S. 
Published: August 2019

In this letter, to overcome the drawbacks in reconfigurable antennas and maintain all the advantages in planar antennas, a compact 12 port integrated UWB and narrow band (NB)/wideband antennas for cognitive radio MIMO applications with polarisation diversity is presented. The proposed system has one pair of UWB antennas for sensing the spectrum and five pairs of NB/wideband antennas for communication. Each pair has two identical antennas, which are orthogonal to each other for polarisation diversity. Sensing antennas linked with ports (P1 and P7) have operating bandwidth of 3–11 GHz, whereas the antennas linked with ports (P2 and P8), (P3 and P9), (P4 and P10), (P5 and P11), and (P6 and P12) have operating bandwidths of 3.5–5.8 GHz, 2.8–3.5 GHz and 5.6–8 GHz (dual band), 8–8.4 GHz and 9–9.8 GHz (dual band), 8.4–9 GHz, and 9.8–11 GHz, respectively. Moreover, the overall volume of the antenna is 58mm × 50mm × 1.6 mm and the entire UWB spectrum is covered by NB/wideband antennas. Also, without any decoupling network, isolation of better than 20 and 15 dB is achieved between every two identical and non‐identical antennas, respectively.
The biasing phenomenon
Authors: Einasto J. , Liivamägi L. J. , Suhhonenko I. , Einasto M. 
Published: August 2019

Context. We study biasing as a physical phenomenon by analysing geometrical and clustering properties of density fields of matter and galaxies.
Aims. Our goal is to determine the bias function using a combination of geometrical and power spectrum analyses of simulated and real data.
Methods. We apply an algorithm based on the local densities of particles, δ, to form simulated, biased models using particles with δ ≥ δ0. We calculate the bias function of model samples as functions of the particle-density limit δ0. We compare the biased models with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) luminosity-limited samples of galaxies using the extended percolation method. We find density limits δ0 of biased models that correspond to luminosity-limited SDSS samples.
Results. The power spectra of biased model samples allow estimation of the bias function b(> L) of galaxies of luminosity L. We find the estimated bias parameter of L* galaxies, b* = 1.85 ± 0.15.
Conclusions. The absence of galaxy formation in low-density regions of the Universe is the dominant factor of the biasing phenomenon. The second-largest effect is the dependence of the bias function on the luminosity of galaxies. Variations in gravitational and physical processes during the formation and evolution of galaxies have the smallest influence on the bias function.
Design and off-design analysis of a Tesla Turbine utilizing CO2 as working fluid
Authors: Fiaschi Daniele , Talluri Lorenzo 
Published: August 2019

The Tesla turbine is a bladeless expander; which principle of operation is based on the conversion of the viscous forces, developed by the flow while expanding through the rotor, in mechanical energy. It is especially suitable for small/micro size distributed energy systems (kW scale), mainly due to its very low cost, which results from the simple structure of the machine.
The Tesla turbine works well at relatively moderate expansion ratios. Therefore, it is fit for CO2 power cycles applications that are characterised by small expansion ratio, despite the high pressure involved. In this work, the design and off-design analysis of a Tesla turbine for small/micro power application utilizing CO2 cycles is proposed.
The optimized design was targeted for an inlet temperature of 150 °C and an inlet pressure of 220 bar. The final optimized geometry of the expander was defined, achieving a 23.4 W per channel power output with a 63% isentropic efficiency, when working with a 10.1 bar pressure drop at 2000 rpm. Furthermore, the turbine placement on the Baljè diagram was performed in order to understand the direct competitors of this machine.
Finally, starting from the design configuration, the maps of efficiency at variable load and flow coefficients and that of reduced mass flowrate at variable pressure ratio were realized. Through the merging of these curves, the off-design maps of the Tesla turbine were obtained, highlighting a very limited sensitivity of the efficiency to variable working conditions, if rotational speed is adequately adjusted.
Wege zu einem herzlichen Nein
Authors: Perske Heike 
Published: August 2019

SummaryNein zu sagen, ist wichtig, um sich abzugrenzen. Oft fällt es jedoch im Alltag schwer. Ursachen hierfür reichen von Angst vor Ablehnung bis zu familiären Prägungen. Verschiedene Übungen und Mittel können dabei helfen, sich äußerlich und innerlich abzugrenzen.
Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions
Authors: Svidler López Laura , La Rosa Luciana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article addresses the natural history of the human papilloma virus (HPV) infection to anal squamous intraepithelial lesions, and onto squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. This article provides overviews of the virology, pathophysiology, nomenclature, classification, historical terms, risk factors, clinical evaluation, differential diagnosis, and treatment of HPV infection and its sequelae.
Relationship of Platelet Reactivity and Inflammatory Markers to Recurrent Adverse Events in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Adatia Krishma , Farag Mohamed F. , Gue Ying X. , Srinivasan Manivannan , Gorog Diana A. 
Published: August 2019

Background Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) exhibit pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory states. Markers of enhanced platelet reactivity and inflammation are predictive of adverse outcome. However, the relationship between these biomarkers, and their combined usefulness for risk stratification, is not clear.
Methods In a prospective study of 541 patients presenting with STEMI, blood samples were taken on arrival to measure high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet reactivity using the point-of-care Global Thrombosis Test. These biomarkers, alone and in combination, were related to the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, defined as composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident) at 30 days and 12 months.
Results Platelet reactivity and hs-CRP, but not NLR, were weakly predictive of MACE at 30 days and 12 months. The combination of enhanced platelet reactivity and raised hs-CRP was strongly predictive of MACE at 30 days (hazard ratio [HR] 3.46 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.81–6.62], p < 0.001) and 12 months (HR 3.46 [95% CI 1.81–6.63], p < 0.001). Combination of all three biomarkers (NLR, hs-CRP and platelet reactivity) provided the best prediction of MACE at 30 days (HR 3.73 [95% CI 1.69–8.27], p < 0.001) and 12 months (HR 3.85 [95% CI 1.72–8.60], p < 0.001), and improved the prediction of MACE when added to Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction score (net reclassification index 0.296, p < 0.001).
Conclusion A combination of three easy to measure biomarkers on arrival, namely hs-CRP, NLR and platelet reactivity, can help identify STEMI patients at high risk of recurrent adverse events over the subsequent year.