bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early warm‐rewarding parenting moderates the genetic contributions to callous–unemotional traits in childhood
Authors: Henry Jeffrey , Dionne Ginette , Viding Essi , Vitaro Frank , Brendgen Mara , Tremblay Richard E. , Boivin Michel 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundPrevious gene–environment interaction studies of CU traits have relied on the candidate gene approach, which does not account for the entire genetic load of complex phenotypes. Moreover, these studies have not examined the role of positive environmental factors such as warm/rewarding parenting. The aim of the present study was to determine whether early warm/rewarding parenting moderates the genetic contributions (i.e., heritability) to callous–unemotional (CU) traits at school age.MethodsData were collected in a population sample of 662 twin pairs (Quebec Newborn Twin Study – QNTS). Mothers reported on their warm/rewarding parenting. Teachers assessed children's CU traits. These reports were subjected to twin modeling.ResultsCallous–unemotional traits were highly heritable, with the remaining variance accounted for by nonshared environmental factors. Warm/rewarding parenting significantly moderated the role of genes in CU traits; heritability was lower when children received high warm/rewarding parenting than when they were exposed to low warm/rewarding parenting.ConclusionsHigh warm/rewarding parenting may partly impede the genetic expression of CU traits. Developmental models of CU traits need to account for such gene–environment processes.
Modeling of soybean hydration as a Stefan problem: Boundary immobilization method
Authors: Nicolin Douglas Junior , da Silva Gisleine E. C. , Jorge Regina Maria Matos , Jorge e Luiz Mario de Matos 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the present work, the mathematical modeling of the soybean hydration process is presented, considering the increase in the grain radius by Stefan problem approach. The boundary immobilization method was used in the model to take into account the spatial mesh variation caused by the diffusion of moisture in the grains. The results provided by the model show its quality when compared with experimental data, both for the adequacy of the predictions for moisture data over time and for the adequacy of grain radius increase predictions over time, for five different temperatures. The presented methodology showed improvements on results already reported in the literature.Practical applicationsThe approach presented in this article allows one to fit diffusivity values for soybean hydration by taking into account a phenomenon commonly observed in this process: the increase of the grains during water absorption. Thus, it is expected the diffusivities to be more realistic and precise, improving the project of equipment. Since the model proposed provide the increase of the grains along the hydration process, an estimation of the increase of a higher amount of the grains could be obtained as well. Such estimation is relevant due to the considerable increase that grains suffer after absorbing water.
Age‐Related Differences in Reperfusion Therapy and Outcomes for ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Turk Julien , Fourny Magali , Yayehd Komlavi , Picard Nicolas , Ageron François‐Xavier , Boussat Bastien , Belle Loïc , Vanzetto Gérald , Puymirat Etienne , Labarère José , Debaty Guillaume 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo compare timely access to reperfusion therapy and outcomes according to age of older adults with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEM) managed within an integrated regional system of care.DesignOngoing, prospective, regional, hospital‐based clinical registry.SettingTwenty‐three public and private hospitals in the Northern Alps in France.ParticipantsIndividuals presenting with STEMI evolving for less than 12 hours from symptom onset between January 2009 and December 2015 (N=4,813; 3,716 (77.2%) <75, 782 (16.2%) 75–84, 315 (6.5%) ≥85).MeasurementsDelivery of any reperfusion therapy (primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), intravenous fibrinolysis), primary PCI, and timely reperfusion therapy and in‐hospital outcomes.ResultsThe percentages of patients receiving any reperfusion therapy were 92.9% for those younger than 75, 89.0% for those aged 75 to 84, and 78.7% for those aged 85 and older (P < .001). The percentages of patients undergoing primary PCI were 63.7%, 70.3%, 72.4% (P < .001); and the percentages of patients receiving timely delivery of reperfusion therapy were 44.6%, 36.8%, 29.9% (P < .001). In‐hospital all‐cause mortality was 3.4% for those younger than 75, 10.2% for those aged 75 to 84, and 19.8% for those aged 85 and older (P <.001). In multivariable analysis adjusting for baseline characteristics, timely delivery of reperfusion therapy was associated with lower in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio=0.63, 95% confidence interval=0.46–0.85) with no significant heterogeneity between age groups (P‐value for interaction = .45).ConclusionOlder adults meeting contemporary eligibility criteria for reperfusion therapy continue to receive delayed reperfusion therapy and experience higher mortality than their younger counterparts.
Up‐regulation of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin by peripherally administered furosemide in transgenic rats expressing arginine vasopressin‐enhanced green fluorescent protein
Authors: Ueno H. , Yoshimura M. , Tanaka K. , Nishimura H. , Nishimura K. , Sonoda S. , Motojima Y. , Saito R. , Maruyama T. , Miyamoto T. , Serino R. , Tamura M. , Onaka T. , Otsuji Y. , Ueta Y. 
Published: April 2018

Furosemide, which is used worldwide as a diuretic agent, inhibits sodium reabsorption in Henle's loop, resulting in diuresis and natriuresis. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is synthesised in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The synthesis of AVP in the magnocellular neurones of SON and PVN is physiologically regulated by plasma osmolality and blood volume and contributes to water homeostasis by increasing water reabsorption in the collecting duct. Central AVP dynamics after peripheral administration of furosemide remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of i.p. administration of furosemide (20 mg kg−1) on hypothalamic AVP using transgenic rats expressing AVP‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the AVP promoter. The i.p. administration of furosemide did not affect plasma osmolality in the present study; however, eGFP in the SON and magnocellular divisions of the PVN (mPVN) was significantly increased after furosemide administration compared to the control. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed Fos‐like immunoreactivity (‐IR) in eGFP‐positive neurones in the SON and mPVN 90 minutes after i.p. administration of furosemide, and AVP heteronuclear RNA and eGFP mRNA levels were significantly increased. These furosemide‐induced changes were not observed in the suprachiasmatic AVP neurones. Furthermore, furosemide induced a remarkable increase in Fos‐IR in the organum vasculosum laminae terminals, median preoptic nucleus, subfornical organ, locus coeruleus, nucleus of the solitary tract and rostral ventrolateral medulla after i.p. administration of furosemide. In conclusion, we were able to visualise and quantitatively evaluate AVP‐eGFP synthesis and neuronal activation after peripheral administration of furosemide using AVP‐eGFP transgenic rats. The results of the present study may provide new insights and help clarify the physiological mechanisms underlying the body fluid homeostasis induced by furosemide.
Is a Big Entrant a Threat to Incumbents? The Role of Demand Substitutability in Competition Among the Big and the Small
Authors: Pan Lijun , Hanazono Makoto 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe establish a model of market competition between large and small firms and investigate the way in which demand substitutability affects how the entry of big firms impacts incumbents. We focus on the relative strength of two opposing effects of entry on large incumbent firms’ demand: the direct substitution effect among large firms (negative) and the indirect feedback effect through the change in small firms’ aggregated behavior (positive). If the substitutability between large and small firms is sufficiently high, the indirect effect dominates the direct effect and large incumbents’ equilibrium prices and profits increase. We show that welfare effects are ambiguous, which calls for careful assessment when regulating large firms’ entry.
Additive Manufacturing Technologies Used for Processing Polymers: Current Status and Potential Application in Prosthetic Dentistry
Authors: Revilla‐León Marta , Özcan Mutlu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere are 7 categories of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, and a wide variety of materials can be used to build a CAD 3D object. The present article reviews the main AM processes for polymers for dental applications: stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), material jetting (MJ), and material extrusion (ME). The manufacturing process, accuracy, and precision of these methods will be reviewed, as well as their prosthodontic applications.
The effect of phloretin on synaptic proteins and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Aβ (1-42)-injected male Wistar rats
Authors: Ghumatkar Priya , Peshattiwar Vaibhavi , Patil Sachin , Muke Suraj , Whitfield David , Howlett David , Francis Paul , Sathaye Sadhana 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Considering the deleterious effect of Aβ1-42, a study was designed to evaluate the effect of phloretin on altered synaptic proteins and adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Aβ1-42-injected Wistar rats.

Methods
The rats were pretreated with 5 mg/kg p.o dose of phloretin and donepezil (positive control) for 28 days, followed by intrahippocampal injections of aggregated Aβ1-42. After termination, perfused brains were isolated and subjected to Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis.

Key findings
The Western blot revealed that Aβ1-42-injected rats had significantly low levels of synaptophysin as compared to sham control. Phloretin pretreatment significantly protected the presynaptic protein synaptophysin against the effects of Aβ1-42. There were no significant changes in the levels of PSD95 between different groups. The IHC findings showed that Aβ1-42 significantly reduced the Ki67 and DCX in the dentate gyrus as compared to sham control. However, phloretin significantly improved the number of Ki67- and DCX-positive neurons in the dentate gyrus region as compared to Aβ1-42 group.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated the protective effect of phloretin on synaptophysin and adult neuronal proliferating cells in Aβ1-42-injected rats. The encouraging findings highlight the potential of phloretin as a dietary supplement targeting key therapeutic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.
A qualitative signature for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on relative expression orderings
Authors: Ao Lu , Zhang Zimei , Guan Qingzhou , Guo Yating , Guo You , Zhang Jiahui , Lv Xingwei , Huang Haiyan , Zhang Huarong , Wang Xianlong , Guo Zheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsCurrently, using biopsy specimens to confirm suspicious liver lesions of early hepatocellular carcinoma are not entirely reliable because of insufficient sampling amount and inaccurate sampling location. It is necessary to develop a signature to aid early hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis using biopsy specimens even when the sampling location is inaccurate.MethodsBased on the within‐sample relative expression orderings of gene pairs, we identified a simple qualitative signature to distinguish both hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent non‐tumour tissues from cirrhosis tissues of non‐hepatocellular carcinoma patients.ResultsA signature consisting of 19 gene pairs was identified in the training data sets and validated in 2 large collections of samples from biopsy and surgical resection specimens. For biopsy specimens, 95.7% of 141 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and all (100%) of 108 cirrhosis tissues of non‐hepatocellular carcinoma patients were correctly classified. Especially, all (100%) of 60 hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent normal tissues and 77.5% of 80 hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent cirrhosis tissues were classified to hepatocellular carcinoma. For surgical resection specimens, 99.7% of 733 hepatocellular carcinoma specimens were correctly classified to hepatocellular carcinoma, while 96.1% of 254 hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent cirrhosis tissues and 95.9% of 538 hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent normal tissues were classified to hepatocellular carcinoma. In contrast, 17.0% of 47 cirrhosis from non‐hepatocellular carcinoma patients waiting for liver transplantation were classified to hepatocellular carcinoma, indicating that some patients with long‐lasting cirrhosis could have already gained hepatocellular carcinoma characteristics.ConclusionsThe signature can distinguish both hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and tumour‐adjacent tissues from cirrhosis tissues of non‐hepatocellular carcinoma patients even using inaccurately sampled biopsy specimens, which can aid early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Identifying palliative care needs in a Portuguese liver unit
Authors: Carvalho Joana Rita , Vasconcelos Mariana , Marques da Costa Pedro , Marinho Rui Tato , Fatela Narcisa , Raimundo Miguel , Carvalhana Sofia , Ramalho Fernando , Cortez‐Pinto Helena , Velosa José 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsChronic liver disease is a major worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Palliative care policies are not clearly established in chronic liver disease. The NECPAL CCOMS‐ICO© (NECesidades PALiativas/Palliative Needs) is a tool to identify palliative care needs, including a section for liver disease. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify palliative care needs in liver patients hospitalised in a tertiary referral Liver Unit.MethodsSingle‐centre prospective observational study. One hundred and twenty patients with cirrhosis were included and NECPAL questionnaire was applied to all patients in a 7‐month period.Results84.2% of patients were considered as requiring palliative intervention; however, clinicians identified those needs only in 65.8% of the cases and caregivers in 6.7% of the cases; less than 8% of the patients were referred for palliative care consultation. An excessive use of healthcare resources (positive answer to question 3) was strongly associated with a positive need for palliative care (positive NECPAL): OR 7.305, CI 95% 2.54‐20.995, P < .001). An excessive use of healthcare facilities has a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 42.1% for prediction of a positive NECPAL result (AUC 0.710, 95% CI 0.570‐0.850, P = .004).ConclusionsThe NECPAL CCOMS‐ICO© represents a feasible and easy‐to‐use tool to identify palliative care needs in patients with chronic liver disease.
Senses of Humor as Political Virtues
Authors: Deen Phillip 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article discusses whether a sense of humor is a political virtue. It argues that a sense of humor is conducive to the central political virtues. We must first, however, delineate different types of humor (benevolent or malicious) and the different political virtues (sociability, prudence, and justice) to which they correspond. Generally speaking, a sense of humor is politically virtuous when it encourages good will toward fellow citizens, an awareness of the limits of power, and a tendency not to take oneself too seriously or when it condemns moral or intellectual vice. An analysis of President Donald Trump's deeply flawed sense of humor is used to ground this account.
Generosity: A Preliminary Account of a Surprisingly Neglected Virtue
Authors: Miller Christian B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere have only been three articles in mainstream philosophy journals going back at least to the 1970s on generosity. This paper hopes to draw attention to this neglected virtue. By building on what work has already been done, and trying to advance that discussion along several different dimensions, it hopes that others will take a closer look at this important and surprisingly complex virtue. More specifically, it formulates three important necessary conditions for what is involved in possessing the virtue of generosity, and considers other contenders as well. The necessary conditions have to do with whether what is given must be of value to the giver, whether the giver's primary motivation has to be altruistic, and whether the act of giving has to be supererogatory.
Epistemic Vice and Motivation
Authors: Tanesini Alessandra 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article argues that intellectual character vices involve non‐instrumental motives to oppose, antagonise, or avoid things that are epistemically good in themselves. This view has been the recent target of criticism based on alleged counterexamples presenting epistemically vicious individuals who are virtuously motivated or at least lack suitable epistemically bad motivations. The paper first presents these examples and shows that they do not undermine the motivational approach. Finally, having distinguished motivating from explanatory reasons for belief and action, it argues that our epistemic practice of vice attribution supplies evidence in favour of motivational accounts of vice.
Citizens' Political Prudence as a Democratic Virtue
Authors: Ottonelli Valeria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis essay aims to vindicate the importance of a theory of ordinary citizens' political prudence in a democratic society. It follows a reconstructive method, by looking at the full range of powers and decisions that are enabled by democratic rights in order to show that in contemporary democracies there is room for the exercise of political prudence by ordinary citizens. By the same method, it also reconstructs the main traits and manifestations of citizens' political prudence in the everyday politics of our democracies. Theorizing citizens' political prudence is important for detecting and correcting the ways in which the citizens of a democratic society, as well as its institutions, may fail to fulfil the mandates of such an essential political virtue.
Pruning representations in a distributed model of working memory: a mechanism for refreshing and removal?
Authors: Shepherdson Peter , Oberauer Klaus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSubstantial behavioral evidence suggests that attention plays an important role in working memory. Frequently, attention is characterized as enhancing representations by increasing their strength or activation level. Despite the intuitive appeal of this idea, using attention to strengthen representations in computational models can lead to unexpected outcomes. Representational strengthening frequently leads to worse, rather than better, performance, contradicting behavioral results. Here, we propose an alternative to a pure strengthening account, in which attention is used to selectively strengthen useful and weaken less useful components of distributed memory representations, thereby pruning the representations. We use a simple sampling algorithm to implement this pruning mechanism in a computational model of working memory. Our simulations show that pruning representations in this manner leads to improvements in performance compared with a lossless (i.e., decay‐free) baseline condition, for both discrete recall (e.g., of a list of words) and continuous reproduction (e.g., of an array of colors). Pruning also offers a potential explanation of why a retro‐cue drawing attention to one memory item during the retention interval improves performance. These results indicate that a pruning mechanism could provide a viable alternative to pure strengthening accounts of attention to representations in working memory.
The function and failure of sensory predictions
Authors: Bansal Sonia , Ford Judith M. , Spering Miriam 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHumans and other primates are equipped with neural mechanisms that allow them to automatically make predictions about future events, facilitating processing of expected sensations and actions. Prediction‐driven control and monitoring of perceptual and motor acts are vital to normal cognitive functioning. This review provides an overview of corollary discharge mechanisms involved in predictions across sensory modalities and discusses consequences of predictive coding for cognition and behavior. Converging evidence now links impairments in corollary discharge mechanisms to neuropsychiatric symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. We review studies supporting a prediction‐failure hypothesis of perceptual and cognitive disturbances. We also outline neural correlates underlying prediction function and failure, highlighting similarities across the visual, auditory, and somatosensory systems. In linking basic psychophysical and psychophysiological evidence of visual, auditory, and somatosensory prediction failures to neuropsychiatric symptoms, our review furthers our understanding of disease mechanisms.
Possible association of oestrogen and Cryba4 with masticatory muscle tendon‐aponeurosis hyperplasia
Authors: Hayashi N , Sato T , Kokabu S , Usui M , Yumoto M , Ikami E , Sakamoto Y , Nifuji A , Hayata T , Noda M , Yoda T 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveMasticatory muscle tendon‐aponeurosis hyperplasia, which is associated with limited mouth opening, progresses very slowly from adolescence. The prevalence rates of this disease are higher among women than among men, suggesting oestrogen involvement. As parafunctional habits are frequently observed, mechanical stress is likely involved in the pathogenesis and advancement of this disease. To elucidate the pathological condition, we examined the effect of oestrogen on tenocyte function and the relationship between mechanical stress and crystallin beta A4 (Cryba4), using murine TT‐D6 tenocytes.Materials and MethodsCell proliferation assays, RT‐PCR, real‐time RT‐PCR, Western blot analysis and mechanical loading experiments were performed.ResultsThe physiological dose of oestrogen increased the levels of scleraxis and tenomodulin in TT‐D6 tenocytes. In contrast, forced expression of Cryba4 inhibited scleraxis expression in these cells. Surprisingly, oestrogen significantly promoted cell differentiation in the Cryba4‐overexpressing TT‐D6 tenocytes. Moreover, tensile force induced Cryba4 expression in these tendon cells.ConclusionOestrogen and Cryba4 may be associated with the progression of masticatory muscle tendon‐aponeurosis hyperplasia.