bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appetite for risk: theoretical framework and practical application in a technology-based environment
Authors: Oliva Fábio Lotti , Bution Jefferson Luiz , Motta Flavia Gutierrez , Fenner Germano , Randolph-Seng Brandon , Papa Marco , Naqshbandi M. Muzamil 
Published: December 2024

PurposeThe research objective was twofold: first, to propose a novel framework for composing an organization’s aggregate risk appetite, and second, to demonstrate the application of this framework in a suitable organization.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework for defining an organization’s aggregate risk appetite was developed based on relevant organizational theory and research through the lens of knowledge management. The organizational appetite for risk framework was subsequently implemented at the São Paulo State Technological Research Institute (IPT) using the design science research approach. Finally, the implementation was carefully examined in order to encourage future applications and to further refine the appetite for risk framework.FindingsThe composition and application of the proposed appetite for risk framework optimally identified the aggregated risk appetite of the complete test organization. Moreover, organizational differences between bottom-up tolerance and top-down appetite were revealed.Practical implicationsOur main practical contribution is a comprehensive procedure to conduct a risk assessment and achieve an organization-wide aggregate risk appetite through the lens of knowledge management.Originality/valueUnlike past theory and research that take a strictly top-down approach to risk appetite, our framework integrates dispersed knowledge on risk-taking at various levels of the organization, thereby contributing to the underexplored role of bottom management in shaping aggregate risk appetite.
Exploring the association between “negative interpersonal relating” and attrition within a democratic prison-based therapeutic community
Authors: Smith Sam Alexander , Jones Sarah 
Published: December 2024

Purpose
This study aims to enhance wider understanding of attrition in forensic environments by testing the hypothesis that “negative interpersonal relating” tendencies can predict attrition within a democratic therapeutic community (DTC). The person’s relating to others questionnaire (PROQ; Version 3), a measure of negative relating, is routinely administered to men upon admission to the TC.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 300 men who had completed the PROQ3 upon admission between 2014 and 2018 and had either completed therapy (N = 52), been de-selected during the assessment phase (N = 46) or had been de-selected at the core therapy phase (N = 202) were included in the study. Existing data sets for total PROQ3 score and the corresponding eight sub-scale scores were input and analysed on SPSS in two stages; using multinomial logistic regression and one-way Anova, respectively.

Findings
Analysis showed that significantly higher levels of negative relating were present in men that did not complete therapy, compared to those who completed, supporting the main hypothesis. Analysis of the PROQ3 sub-scale scores showed that men who were de-selected from therapy during the core therapy phase had significantly higher scores on the “closeness” scales (lower close, neutral close, upper close), compared to completers. Similarly, men who were de-selected during the assessment phase had significantly higher scores on the “lower distant” scale, compared to completers.

Originality/value
Results are discussed considering their implications for future policy and practice in the context of understanding and managing attrition within a TC.
Optimization of a green tea seed oil–loaded double‐layer emulsion and its preventive effects on dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis in mice
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhao Yiwen , Zheng Qiangying , Zhao Bowen , Yu Huiwen , Zhi Yiming , Zhu Xiao , Wang Yijun , Huang Jinbao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGreen tea seed oil (GTSO; Camellia sinensis) is rich in bioactive compounds and has great potential for preventing intestinal inflammation. Conversely, high‐fat diets have been shown to promote or aggravate gastrointestinal inflammation, and the bioactive ingredients of GTSO face difficulty passing through the gastrointestinal tract while remaining intact. This study employed whey protein isolate (WPI) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC‐Na) to prepare a GTSO‐loaded double‐layer emulsion. The optimal parameters were as follows: WPI (2% w/w) and 35% oil phase for the primary emulsion preparation, CMC‐Na (0.8% w/w) for the final emulsion, and 450 W of ultrasonic power for homogenization. No significant changes in particle size or coalescence in the emulsions were observed after 30 days of storage at 4°C. In addition, in a simulated gastrointestinal digestion system, more than 60% of the encapsulated GTSO was able to remain intact while passing through the gastric and small intestinal environment. In mice with dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis, pretreatment with the GTSO emulsion significantly prevented the further development of colitis, whereas an empty‐carrier‐plus‐free‐GTSO treatment had no such protective effects and even tended to aggravate the disease. The results of the present study suggest that encapsulated GTSO is a reliable alternative approach for colitis prevention.Practical ApplicationThe green tea seed oil–loaded double‐layer emulsion demonstrates good storage stability when kept at 4°C, exhibits excellent slow‐release performance, and achieves superior outcomes in the prevention of colitis. Our current study provides a reliable alternative approach for the prevention of colitis.
Procedure time‐of‐day effects on postoperative opioid requirements in children
Authors: Fuller Clinton L. , Lee Maxwell , Hosek Kathleen E. , Hassanpour Ali , Lopez Monica E. , Baijal Rahul G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposePostoperative analgesic requirements in adults follow circadian rhythm patterns with requirements for opioids and local anesthetics highest in the morning. Procedure time of day may also potentially affect circadian rhythm patterns with surgery at night promoting wakefulness during nighttime hours. This disruption may produce a shift in the circadian rhythm and potentially affect when postoperative opioid requirements are highest. We hypothesized that children undergoing surgery at night would have higher postoperative opioid requirements during nighttime hours secondary to a shift in the circadian rhythm with those requirements remaining higher than daytime requirements for the duration of the hospital stay.MethodsA retrospective cohort was completed on all children aged 1–18 years undergoing a laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis between January 2018 and December 2019. Outcomes were total postoperative morphine equivalents (mg/kg), including total daytime and nighttime postoperative morphine equivalents (mg/kg) in children undergoing surgery during the day and at night.ResultsThere were 999 children who underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis at Texas Children's Hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. Of these, 758 children underwent the procedure during the day and 241 children at night. The total, daytime, and nighttime median morphine equivalents (mg/kg) for children undergoing an appendectomy during the day were 0.1 (0.0–0.4), 0.0 (0.0–0.2), 0.1 (0.0–0.2), respectively. The total, daytime, and nighttime morphine equivalents (mg/kg) for children undergoing an appendectomy at night were 0.2 (0.0–0.5) (p = −0.01), 0.1 (0.0–0.3) (p = 0.01), and 0.1 (0.0–0.2) (p = 0.03), respectively. All children, irrespective of the procedure time of day, required more morphine equivalents during daytime hours than during nighttime hours.ConclusionsWe found that procedure time of day did not impact postoperative opioid requirements in children undergoing a laparoscopic appendectomy for complicated appendicitis. Both children undergoing an appendectomy during the day or at night required more morphine equivalents during daytime hours than during nighttime hours. Surgery at night did not produce a shift in opioid requirements postoperatively from daytime hours to nighttime hours in children undergoing an appendectomy at night.
Thromboelastography or rotational thromboelastometry guided algorithms in bleeding patients: An updated systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Kvisselgaard A. D. , Wolthers S. A. , Wikkelsø A. , Holst L. B. , Drivenes B. , Afshari A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundBleeding patients face significant morbidity and mortality due to impaired haemostasis. Haemostatic resuscitation has evolved, yet the optimal approach remains unclear. The primary objective was to assess the benefits and risks of transfusion guided by TEG/ROTEM versus standard of care in bleeding patients in an updated review.MethodsThis systematic review of randomised controlled trials with meta‐analyses and trial sequential analysis was conducted according to Cochrane Collaboration methodology, PRISMA and GRADE guidelines. A literature search was conducted in five major databases. Both paediatric and adult patients were included. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes were the administration of blood products, blood loss, surgical reintervention, and dialysis‐dependent renal injury.ResultsThis systematic review included 31 randomised trials (n = 2756), with most patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. TEG‐/ROTEM‐guided algorithms reduced the amount of transfused fresh frozen plasma (RR 0.5, 95% CI 0.32–0.72, I2: 94%), platelets (RR 0.7, 95% CI 0.55–0.91, I2: 57%), the risk for surgical reintervention (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47–0.94, I2: 0%), and bleeding with a standard mean difference of −0.31 (95% CI −0.55 to −0.08, I2: 75%). No statistically significant difference was demonstrated for mortality (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.57–1.00, I2: 5%). According to GRADE methodology, the certainty of the evidence was very low for all outcomes. Trial sequential analysis of mortality analysis indicated that 54% of the optimal information size was reached with an alpha‐boundary RR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.63–1.03).ConclusionsTEG‐/ROTEM‐guided transfusion algorithms may reduce the risk of mortality, bleeding volume, and the need for fresh frozen plasma and platelets, but the evidence is very uncertain. Further, the results were primarily based on the adult population undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
Effects of anisometropic amblyopia on visual cognitive functions in children
Authors: Mao Danyi , Liu Chenyao , Yin Ziang , Cui Zaifeng , Zhang Jiali , Li Xue , Huang Yingying , Chen Hao , Bao Jinhua 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate visual cognitive functions, including visual attention, executive function, and visual working memory, in children with anisometropic amblyopia versus those with normal vision.MethodsThirty‐five children with anisometropic amblyopia and 34 with normal vision participated. Visual acuity, stereoacuity, and contrast sensitivity were measured, followed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery's six subtests for cognitive evaluation. Visual attention was assessed using reaction time (RTI) and rapid visual information processing (RVP). Executive function was evaluated through the multitasking test (MTT). Visual working memory was assessed with spatial working memory (SWM), delayed matching to sample (DMS), and paired association learning (PAL), all under binocular conditions.ResultsThe amblyopia group exhibited longer reaction and movement times in the RTI than the control group (p < 0.01). A trend towards lower RVP A' scores, reflecting reduced ability to detect target sequences, appeared in the amblyopia group (p = 0.056). Amblyopic children demonstrated a lower multitasking cost in the MTT compared with the control group (p = 0.04). As difficulty increased in the SWM (from four to six boxes), amblyopic children revisited more (p = 0.01). In the DMS task, while no differences were observed across all delay times (p = 0.55), amblyopic children performed significantly worse than the control group under the 12‐second delay (p = 0.04). In the eight‐pattern PAL condition, the amblyopia group made more errors (p = 0.01).ConclusionsChildren with anisometropic amblyopia performed poorly on neuropsychological tests, particularly visual attention and working memory, but outperformed the control group in multitasking. These findings highlight the broader cognitive impacts of anisometropic amblyopia beyond vision.
Impact of oncologic diseases on outcome in patients with severe isolated tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Dannenberg Varius , Zschocke Flora , Halavina Kseniya , Mascherbauer Katharina , Heitzinger Gregor , Koschutnik Matthias , Donà Carolina , Nitsche Christian , Kammerlander Andreas A. , Spinka Georg , Winter Max‐Paul , Bartko Philipp E. , Hengstenberg Christian , Bergler‐Klein Jutta , Goliasch Georg , Schneider‐Reigbert Matthias 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundSevere tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Isolated TR, defined as TR without overt heart disease, is typical and offers limited cardiac treatment options other than interventional repair or replacement. Survival history of cancer or active cancer treatment may lead to an unnecessary delay of TR treatment.MethodsWe included all patients diagnosed with severe TR at the Medical University of Vienna between 2003 and 2016 who had normal left ventricular function and no other valvular lesions. Outcome analysis was performed on cancer type, status and the number of organs affected by cancer.ResultsA total of 973 patients were included. 182 (19%) patients had cancer, 52 were active and 130 had a history of cancer at the time of TR diagnosis. Oncologic patients were divided into subgroups of gastrointestinal, skin, glands, gynaecological, breast, urogenital, lung and other cancers. Ten‐year mortality of patients with cancer was higher than those without cancer (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis adjusting for age did not reveal significantly higher mortality in patients with a history of cancer compared to patients without cancer (p = 0.59). Patients with lung, active, or multi‐organ cancer showed the highest mortality.ConclusionsMortality in patients with severe isolated TR is high and increased by active or multi‐organ cancer but not by a history of cancer. These patients should be discussed in interdisciplinary cardio‐oncology teams to avoid delaying life‐saving treatment of TR and cancer.
A Structural Equation Modelling Exploration of the Role of Schizotypal Traits, Cognitive Schemas and Dysfunctional Attitudes in Social Isolation
Authors: Aidelbaum Robert , Jagtap Shreya , Rumas Rachel , Shamblaw Amanda L. , Best Michael W. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionEvidence highlights the importance of social isolation as a critical yet underserved treatment target for individuals managing psychosis. Schizotypal traits represent a useful model of psychosis, facilitating the assessment of contributors to social isolation without the confounds associated with schizophrenia. This study utilised structural equation modelling to examine the unique predictive capacity of schizotypal traits for subjective and objective indices of social isolation. In addition, the potentially mediating role of negative core schemas and dysfunctional attitudes was assessed.MethodsStructural equation modelling was used to measure and compare the relationships between the constructs of interest simultaneously.ResultsSatisfactory fit indices were attained with separate models predicting loneliness and social engagement. Results support the partial mediation of the relationships between positive and negative traits, internalising symptoms and loneliness. While all three direct pathways were significant, all three were partially mediated. Of note, these mediated effects were not observed in the model predicting social engagement, with the only significant pathways being those directly from positive and negative schizotypal traits.ConclusionsSchizotypal traits directly predict loneliness and social engagement above that accounted for by internalising symptoms. Cognitive factors partially mediate the relationships between schizotypy and loneliness but not the size of an individual's social network. Cognitive interventions may be well suited for reducing loneliness; however, other approaches may be required to increase social networks for individuals with high levels of schizotypy.
Unveiling Pervasive Soil Microbial P Limitation in Terrestrial Ecosystems Worldwide
Authors: Guo Liang , Ju Chenghui , Xu Xia , Zhou Guomo , Luo Yiqi , Xu Chonghua , Li Qian , Du Huaqiang , Liu Wenfang , Zhou Yan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTSoil microorganisms are crucial in terrestrial ecosystems, influencing carbon (C) sequestration, yet their metabolic activities are often constrained by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Despite this, a global understanding of microbial nutrient limitation remains elusive. We synthesised 1245 observations from 225 articles to elucidate patterns and factors of microbial nutrient limitation. Contrary to convention, soil microbial P limitation is widespread (83.78% of observations), with N limitation mainly in temperate zones and pronounced P limitation in tropical and cold zones. Soil microbial P limitation correlates positively with mean annual precipitation and clay content, while N limitation correlates negatively with soil pH. Importantly, microbial nutrient limitation directly affects C cycling, as microbial C limitation increases with decreasing N or P limitation. This underscores the significance of microbial nutrient limitation in terrestrial C cycling and the need to incorporate it into Earth system models for accurate predictions under changing conditions.
Process‐Informed Neural Networks: A Hybrid Modelling Approach to Improve Predictive Performance and Inference of Neural Networks in Ecology and Beyond
Authors: Wesselkamp Marieke , Moser Niklas , Kalweit Maria , Boedecker Joschka , Dormann Carsten F. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTDespite deep learning being state of the art for data‐driven model predictions, its application in ecology is currently subject to two important constraints: (i) deep‐learning methods are powerful in data‐rich regimes, but in ecology data are typically sparse; and (ii) deep‐learning models are black‐box methods and inferring the processes they represent are non‐trivial to elicit. Process‐based (= mechanistic) models are not constrained by data sparsity or unclear processes and are thus important for building up our ecological knowledge and transfer to applications. In this work, we combine process‐based models and neural networks into process‐informed neural networks (PINNs), which incorporate the process knowledge directly into the neural network structure. In a systematic evaluation of spatial and temporal prediction tasks for C‐fluxes in temperate forests, we show the ability of five different types of PINNs (i) to outperform process‐based models and neural networks, especially in data‐sparse regimes with high‐transfer task and (ii) to inform on mis‐ or undetected processes.
Persistent symptoms, exacerbations and drug side effects despite treatment in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Reyes‐Leiva David , Carbayo Álvaro , Vesperinas‐Castro Ana , Rojas‐García Ricard , Querol Luis , Turon‐Sans Janina , Pla‐Junca Francesc , Olivé Montse , Gallardo Eduard , Pujades‐Rodriguez Mar , Cortés‐Vicente Elena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundGeneralized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness. Exacerbation frequency, adverse events (AEs) related to immunosuppressant therapy and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) are not well understood. Our study aimed to describe long‐term clinical outcomes, drug‐related AEs and estimated HCRU in gMG patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis of clinical data from patients with gMG followed‐up over eight consecutive years in a Spanish referral unit. Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification, MGFA post‐interventional status (MGFA‐PIS), Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL) score, exacerbations, MG crises, therapies, AEs reported, specialist consultations and emergency room visits were studied biannually. An estimation of HRCU was made based on these data.ResultsSome 220 patients newly diagnosed with gMG were included. Ninety percent were seropositive (84.5% anti‐acetylcholine receptor [AChR], 5.9% anti‐muscle‐specific kinase [MuSK]). Baseline mean MG‐ADL score was 5.04 points (SD 3.17), improving to 0.7 points (SD 1.40) after 8 years. Exacerbations were more frequent in years 1–2 (30.1%) but still occurred in years 7–8 (20.2%). Myasthenic crisis frequency remained 1% in years 7–8. Eighty‐nine percent achieved MGFA‐PIS minimal manifestations or better at 8 years. Fifty‐one percent of patients reported at least one AE during the study period, leading to drug withdrawal in approximately 20% of cases. HCRU decreased between years 1–2 to years 7–8 with an estimated cost of MG from 8074.19 € per patient/year to 1679.46 €, respectively.ConclusionsThere is a group of MG patients that suffers from persistent symptoms and exacerbations (11%–20%) or MG crises, and drug AEs, which may increase disease burden and impact on the healthcare system.
“Family Connections”, a program for relatives of people with borderline personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Guillén Verónica , Fernández‐Felipe Isabel , Marco José Helio , Grau Antoni , Botella Cristina , García‐Palacios Azucena 
Published: December 2024

AbstractFamily members of people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) often experience high levels of psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, or burden. Family Connections (FC) is a pioneer program designed for relatives of people with BPD, and it is the most empirically supported treatment thus far. The aim of this study was to carry out a randomized clinical trial to confirm the differential efficacy of FC versus an active treatment as usual (TAU) in relatives of people with BPD in a Spanish population sample. The sample consisted of 121 family members (82 family units) and a total of 82 patients who participated in a two‐arm randomized controlled trial (RCT). The primary outcome was burden of illness. Secondary outcomes were depression, anxiety, stress, family empowerment, and quality of life. This is the first study to evaluate relatives and patients in an RCT design comparing two active treatment conditions of similar durations. Although no statistically significant differences were found between conditions. However, the adjusted posttest means for FC were systematically better than for TAU, and the effect sizes were larger in burden, stress, depression, family functioning, and quality of life in the FC intervention. Patients of caregivers who received the FC condition showed statistically significant improvements in stress, depression, and anxiety. Results indicated that FC helped both patients and relatives pointing to the importance of involving families of patients with severe psychological disorders.