bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediagnosis aspirin use, DNA methylation, and mortality after breast cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Tengteng , McCullough Lauren E. , White Alexandra J. , Bradshaw Patrick T. , Xu Xinran , Cho Yoon Hee , Terry Mary Beth , Teitelbaum Susan L. , Neugut Alfred I. , Santella Regina M. , Chen Jia , Gammon Marilie D. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe authors hypothesized that epigenetic changes may help to clarify the underlying biologic mechanism linking aspirin use to breast cancer prognosis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first epidemiologic study to examine whether global methylation and/or tumor promoter methylation of breast cancer‐related genes interact with aspirin use to impact mortality after breast cancer.MethodsPrediagnosis aspirin use was assessed through in‐person interviews within a population‐based cohort of 1508 women diagnosed with a first primary breast cancer in 1996 and 1997. Global methylation in peripheral blood was assessed by long interspersed elements‐1 (LINE‐1) and the luminometric methylation assay. Promoter methylation of 13 breast cancer‐related genes was measured in tumor by methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction and the MethyLight assay. Vital status was determined by the National Death Index through December 31, 2014 (N = 202/476 breast cancer‐specific/all‐cause deaths identified among 1266 women with any methylation assessment and complete aspirin data). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs, and the likelihood ratio test was used to evaluate multiplicative interactions.ResultsAll‐cause mortality was elevated among aspirin users who had methylated promotor of BRCA1 (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.26‐2.22), but not among those with unmethylated promoter of BRCA1 (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.67‐1.45; P for interaction ≤.05). Decreased breast cancer‐specific mortality was observed among aspirin users who had unmethylated promotor of BRCA1 and PR and global hypermethylation of LINE‐1 (HR, 0.60, 0.78, and 0.63, respectively; P for interaction ≤.05), although the 95% CIs included the null.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that the LINE‐1 global methylation and promoter methylation of BRCA1 and PR in tumor may interact with aspirin use to influence mortality after breast cancer.
Different routes of insulin administration do not influence serum free thiols in type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: van Dijk Peter R. , Waanders Femke , Logtenberg Susan J. J. , Groenier Klaas H. , Vriesendorp Titia M. , Kleefstra Nanne , van Goor Harry , Bilo Henk J. G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsIntraperitoneal (IP) insulin administration is a last‐resort treatment option for selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). As the IP route of insulin administration mimics the physiology more closely than the subcutaneous (SC) route, we hypothesized that IP insulin would result in less oxidative stress (expressed as systemic level of free sulphydryl (R‐SH) content) compared to SC insulin in subjects with T1DM.Materials and methodsProspective, observational case‐control study. Serum thiol measurements were performed at baseline and at 26 weeks in age‐ and gender‐matched patients with T1DM. Serum‐free thiols, compounds with a R‐SH group that are readily oxidized by reactive oxygen species, are considered to be a marker of systemic redox status.ResultsA total of 176 patients, 39 of which used IP and 141 SC insulin therapy were analysed. Mean baseline R‐SH concentration was 248 (31) μmol/L. In multivariable analysis, the route of insulin therapy had no impact on baseline R‐SH levels. The estimated geometric mean concentrations of R‐SH did not differ significantly between both groups: 264 (95% CI 257, 270) for the IP group and 258 (95% CI 254, 261) for the SC group with a difference of 6 (95% CI −2, 14) μmol/L.ConclusionsBased on R‐SH as a marker of systemic oxidative stress, these findings demonstrate that the route of insulin administration, IP or SC, does not influence systemic redox status in patients with T1DM.
The role of TP53 in acute myeloid leukemia: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Barbosa Karina , Li Sha , Adams Peter D. , Deshpande Aniruddha J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe tumor suppressor gene TP53 is one of the most frequently mutated genes in human cancer. The central role of the TP53 protein in several fundamental processes such as cancer, aging, senescence, and DNA repair has ensured enormous attention. However, the role of TP53 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is enigmatic. Unlike many other human cancers, a vast majority of AMLs display no genomic TP53 alterations. There is now growing appreciation of the fact that the unaltered TP53 status of tumor cells can be exploited therapeutically. As most AMLs have an intact TP53 gene, its physiological tumor‐suppressive roles could be harnessed. Therefore, the use of pharmacological activators of the TP53 pathway may provide clinical benefit in AML. Conversely, even though the frequency of TP53 mutations in AML is substantially lower than in other human cancers, TP53 mutations are associated with chemoresistance and high risk of relapse. In patients with TP53 mutations, these alterations may lead to novel, selective vulnerabilities, creating opportunities for therapeutic targeting of TP53 mutant AML. The mutational status of TP53 therefore poses challenges and opportunities in terms of advancing effective treatment strategies in AML. An increasing armamentarium of small‐molecule activators of the TP53 pathway, and a growing understanding of molecular pathways triggered by mutant TP53 have accelerated efforts aimed at targeting TP53 function in AML. In combination with standard AML chemotherapy or emerging targeted therapies, pharmacological targeting of the TP53 pathway may provide therapeutic benefit in AML.
Classification of social anhedonia using temporal and spatial network features from a social cognition fMRI task
Authors: Krohne Laerke Gebser , Wang Yi , Hinrich Jesper L. , Moerup Morten , Chan Raymond C. K. , Madsen Kristoffer H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that the degree of social anhedonia reflects the vulnerability for developing schizophrenia. However, only few studies have investigated how functional network changes are related to social anhedonia. The aim of this fMRI study was to classify subjects according to their degree of social anhedonia using supervised machine learning. More specifically, we extracted both spatial and temporal network features during a social cognition task from 70 subjects, and used support vector machines for classification. Since impairment in social cognition is well established in schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders, the subjects performed a comic strip task designed to specifically probe theory of mind (ToM) and empathy processing. Features representing both temporal (time series) and network dynamics were extracted using task activation maps, seed region analysis, independent component analysis (ICA), and a newly developed multi‐subject archetypal analysis (MSAA), which here aimed to further bridge aspects of both seed region analysis and decomposition by incorporating a spotlight approach.We found significant classification of subjects with elevated levels of social anhedonia when using the times series extracted using MSAA, indicating that temporal dynamics carry important information for classification of social anhedonia. Interestingly, we found that the same time series yielded the highest classification performance in a task classification of the ToM condition. Finally, the spatial network corresponding to that time series included both prefrontal and temporal‐parietal regions as well as insula activity, which previously have been related schizotypy and the development of schizophrenia.
Treatment modality and outcomes in larynx cancer patients: A sex‐based evaluation
Authors: Li Hong , Li Eva Yujia , Kejner Alexandra Eva 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the differences in treatment modality and outcomes between male and female patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the United States.MethodsData were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database for patients with laryngeal SCC (2004‐2013). Overall survival (OS), disease specific survival (DSS), and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsAmong women, supraglottic cancers were the most prevalent (61.2%); whereas the majority of men developed glottic cancers (64.2%; P < .001). Women with T4 disease were more likely to undergo primary radiation (56.8% vs 45.3%; P < .001) and less likely to undergo open surgery were than men (37.1% vs 48.2%; P < .001). Women had significantly better OS in glottic and supraglottic cancers, and comparable survival in subglottic cancer. Sex remained an independent prognostic factor for both DSS and OS.ConclusionSex is an independent prognostic factor for DSS and OS in patients with laryngeal SCC.
Facial features and recognition memory: Eye‐movement study on the encoding and retrieval of unfamiliar child faces in children and adults
Authors: Rollins Leslie , Bertero Erin , Hunter Laurie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study examined eye movements to unfamiliar child faces as a function of memory in children and adults. Young adults (n = 30) and 7‐ to 11‐year‐old children (n = 30) performed a recognition memory task with neutral child faces. At encoding, fixating on internal features, especially the eye region, was associated with subsequently forgetting the face. During retrieval, children and adults fixated on internal features and the nose of correctly recognized faces more than novel faces. However, age‐related differences were present in fixations to individual facial features. Adults viewed the eye region of correctly recognized faces more than novel faces, whereas children's gaze behavior of the eye region did not differ as a function of viewing history. This finding suggests an increase in the reliance on the eye region, which provides critical information for social communication, for face recognition from middle childhood to young adulthood.Highlights

Encoding of external features supports face recognition
Children and adults fixate less on external features of previously viewed than novel faces
Adults, but not children, view the eye region of previously viewed faces more than novel faces
Optimized nonviral gene delivery for primary urinary renal progenitor cells to enhance cell migration
Authors: Liu Gary W. , Johnson Soren L. , Jain Ritika , Peeler David J. , Shankland Stuart J. , Pun Suzie H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProgressive loss of glomerular podocytes during kidney disease leads to irreversible kidney failure, and is exacerbated by the fact that podocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells and unable to proliferate. Regeneration of lost podocytes must therefore derive from nonpodocyte sources. Human urine‐derived renal progenitor cells (uRPCs) are attractive podocyte progenitors for cell therapy applications due to their availability from patient urine and ability to migrate to injured glomeruli and differentiate into de novo podocytes after intravenous administration. Because gene delivery has emerged as an important strategy to augment the functionality and survival of cell therapies prior to injection, in this work we optimized nonviral gene delivery conditions (cell density, DNA dose, % FBS, and transfection material composition) to primary uRPCs. Using the cationic polymer‐peptide conjugate VIPER for gene delivery and the Sleeping Beauty transposon/transposase constructs for gene integration, we optimized transfection parameters to achieve efficient transgene expression (up to 55% transfected cells) and stable transgene expression (>65% integration efficiency) lasting up to 10 days. With these methods, we transfected uRPCs to overexpress CXCR4, an important chemokine receptor that mediates uRPC migration to the kidneys after intravenous injection, and demonstrate that CXCR4‐uRPCs exhibit enhanced migration compared to mock‐transfected cells.
Morphological and physiological responses of Picea asperata to different nitrogen availability and pH
Authors: Tang Bo , Man Jing , Jia Ruoyu , Yin Chunying , Liu Qing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSoil nitrogen (N) availability and pH are two determinants affecting plant growth, both of which are influenced by long‐term N deposition. However, the physiological mechanism of plants response to the changes in soil N availability and pH are not fully understood. To investigate the response of Picea asperata to both factors, seedlings of P. asperata were exposed to 50 or 1000 µM NH4NO3 with pH 5 or pH 7. In the current study, P. asperata, regardless of N availability and pH in growth medium, exhibited invariably a
preference. Lower root biomass, root : shoot mass ratio, total root length and area, and root vitality were detected in high N condition compared to those in low N supply, corresponding well to lower net influxes of
and
at the root surface in both pH treatments. These results indicate that P. asperata may employ an active‐forge strategy to exploit nutrient resources for growth under low N availability, probably by increased below‐ground carbon allocation and net influxes of
and
. Although low pH, to some extent may generate more malondialdehyde, P. asperata would enhance pH tolerance by increased detoxification, i.e., antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase), free proline and soluble protein as well as improved carbohydrate status (i.e., soluble sugar and starch).
Exploring discrepancies between pharmacists’ perceived and actual roles towards optimising care in patients prescribed direct oral anticoagulants: a survey
Authors: Turgeon Ricky D. , Semchuk William M. , Thomson Peter , Bungard Tammy J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPharmacists are among the most accessible healthcare professionals, and scopes of practice are evolving. There is a paucity of literature evaluating community pharmacists’ degree of comfort with managing high‐risk medications, including anticoagulants.AimTo describe discrepancies between perceived and actual roles in care optimisation of patients prescribed direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), as well as the level of collaboration between pharmacists and other healthcare providers, and barriers to action among pharmacists.MethodsCommunity‐based pharmacists in Alberta, Canada, were surveyed to evaluate perceived and actual roles, collaboration and barriers. Discrepancies between perceived and actual roles were compared for individual items, and total scores were calculated.ResultsIn all, 177 (5%) pharmacists responded to the survey. Perceived role scores were high, and actual role scores were generally lower (median scores 42/52 vs 61/65). Actual role items with the lowest scores were: knowledge of the patient's medical conditions and indication for DOAC; provision of information about the condition being treated with a DOAC; review pertinent laboratory tests at initial prescription fill and refill; and follow‐up on adherence and side‐effects. Discrepancy rates between perceived and actual roles were low. There was moderate correlation between perceived and actual role scores (Spearman's ρ = 0.512, p < 0.001). Responders reported a high degree of collaboration with physicians. Several system‐ and organisation‐level barriers were identified, although overall barrier burden was low.ConclusionCommunity‐based pharmacists perceived a significant role for pharmacists in optimising DOACs for patients, and higher perceived role scores were associated with greater action in actual roles. Removing system‐level barriers, and improving communication with prescribers about indications for DOACs, should be prioritised to enhance the role of the pharmacist.
Enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis in overweight and obese patients: a prescribing audit at a tertiary hospital
Authors: Sherkat Masoum Maryam , Emmerton Lynne M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObesity increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Literature is inconclusive regarding fixed or weight‐based dose adjustment of enoxaparin to prevent VTE in overweight and obese patients. Data were collected for all adult patients who received enoxaparin in one of three wards at Royal Perth Hospital from September to December 2016. The reference dose for non‐obese patients was 40 mg daily. The key outcome was the percentage of obese patients (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) receiving dose‐adjusted enoxaparin. Of the 343 patients who received enoxaparin, 92 (27%) were obese and 108 (32%) overweight. Of 141 patients of ?normal’ BMI, 127 (90%) received appropriate doses. Two obese patients received adjusted enoxaparin doses: 60 mg daily for 6 days, and 40 mg twice daily before titration. Weight‐based enoxaparin dosing was not prevalent in this sample of 92 obese patients. Local prescribing guidelines are warranted, and their effect should be monitored.
Comparison of information sources used in Cochrane and non‐Cochrane systematic reviews: A case study in the field of anesthesiology and pain
Authors: Biocic Marina , Fidahic Mahir , Cikes Karla , Puljak Livia 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundIt has been reported that information sources searched in systematic reviews (SRs) are insufficiently comprehensive. We analyzed information sources used in SRs, as well as how up‐to‐date were the searches.MethodsWe searched PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) through Wiley from 2012 to 2016 to find SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the field of anesthesiology and pain. We analyzed information sources used and search dates.ResultsWe analyzed 674 SRs, including 374 non‐Cochrane SRs (NCSRs) and 300 Cochrane reviews. The most commonly searched electronic databases reported in all included SRs were Embase (88.6%), MEDLINE (78.3%), CENTRAL (76.1%), CINAHL (29.1%), and PubMed (30.9%). In 303 (45%) SRs, authors reported that they searched clinical trial registries; 57 (8.5%) reported that they searched for unpublished data, 184 (27.3%) searched grey literature, 51 (7.6%) searched citations, and 546 (81%) searched references of included studies. A substantial amount of Cochrane reviews searched clinical trial registries (75.7%), compared with NCSRs (20.3%). Search date was reported in 647 SRs (96.1%). The median time between the last search date and publication for the SRs that reported search date was 10 months. For the NCSRs, median time between the last search and publication date was significantly higher compared with Cochrane reviews. Nonreporting of search date was more prevalent in NCSRs.ConclusionSRs in the field of anesthesiology and pain often neglect to search all possible information sources, particularly in NCSRs. Cochrane reviews had more comprehensive searching and shorter search to publication time.
Determination of trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine using graphene oxide incorporated monolith solid‐phase extraction coupled with LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Li Zi‐Ling , Li Na , Du Li , Wang Ya‐Hui , Fang Bo , Wang Man‐Man , Wang Qian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe biomonitoring of hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine, as a direct way to access multiple exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, has raised great concerns due to their increasing hazardous health effects on humans. Solid‐phase extraction is an effective and useful technique to preconcentrate trace analytes from biological samples. Here, we report a novel solid‐phase extraction method using a graphene oxide incorporated monolithic syringe for the determination of six hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine coupled with liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The effect of graphene oxide amount, washing solvent, eluting solvent, and its volume on the extraction performance were investigated. The fabricated monoliths gave higher adsorption efficiency and capacity than the neat polymer monolith and commercial C18 sorbent. Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.02–0.1 ng/mL and the linear ranges of 0.1–1500 ng/mL for six analytes in urine sample. The recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 77.5 to 97.1%. Besides, the intra column‐to‐column (n = 3) and inter batch‐to‐batch (n = 3) precisions were ≤ 9.8%. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples of coke oven workers.
Electrochemical and theoretical assessment of the effect of two biocides on the corrosion of petroleum steel in sulfur‐polluted Black Sea water
Authors: Hasanzade Rovshan , Bilgiç Semra , Gece Gökhan , Türkşen Özlem 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough the inhibitory effects of different biocides continue to gain ever‐increasing importance, the corrosion inhibition of petroleum steel in the Black Sea water by such compounds remains largely uncharacterized. Thus, to study the effect of sulfate‐reducing bacteria, corrosion parameters in oxygen‐free medium contaminated with sulfur have been determined. The variation of corrosion rates with the addition of two biocides, glutaraldehyde (GA) and ammonium chloride (AC), has been determined by using Tafel extrapolation and linear polarization methods in sulfur‐polluted seawater, both with and without biocides. Overall, this experimental work, also corroborated by theoretical data, reveals that some concentrations of GA and AC act as effective biocides in sulfur‐polluted medium.
SLC12A ion transporter mutations in sporadic and familial human congenital hydrocephalus
Authors: Jin Sheng Chih , Furey Charuta G. , Zeng Xue , Allocco August , Nelson‐Williams Carol , Dong Weilai , Karimy Jason K. , Wang Kevin , Ma Shaojie , Delpire Eric , Kahle Kristopher T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundCongenital hydrocephalus (CH) is a highly morbid disease that features enlarged brain ventricles and impaired cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. Although early linkage or targeted sequencing studies in large multigenerational families have localized several genes for CH, the etiology of most CH cases remains unclear. Recent advances in whole exome sequencing (WES) have identified five new bona fide CH genes, implicating impaired regulation of neural stem cell fate in CH pathogenesis. Nonetheless, in the majority of CH cases, the pathological etiology remains unknown, suggesting more genes await discovery.MethodsWES of family members of a sporadic and familial form of severe L1CAM mutation‐negative CH associated with aqueductal stenosis was performed. Rare genetic variants were analyzed, prioritized, and validated. De novo copy number variants (CNVs) were identified using the XHMM algorithm and validated using qPCR. Xenopus oocyte experiments were performed to access mutation impact on protein function and expression.ResultsA novel inherited protein‐damaging mutation (p.Pro605Leu) in SLC12A6, encoding the K+‐Cl− cotransporter KCC3, was identified in both affected members of multiplex kindred CHYD110. p.Pro605 is conserved in KCC3 orthologs and among all human KCC paralogs. The p.Pro605Leu mutation maps to the ion‐transporting domain, and significantly reduces KCC3‐dependent K+ transport. A novel de novo CNV (deletion) was identified in SLC12A7, encoding the KCC3 paralog and binding partner KCC4, in another family (CHYD130) with sporadic CH.ConclusionThese findings identify two novel, related genes associated with CH, and implicate genetically encoded impairments in ion transport for the first time in CH pathogenesis.