bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASKAP commissioning observations of the GAMA 23 field
Authors: Leahy Denis A. , Hopkins A. M. , Norris R. P. , Marvil J. , Collier J. D. , Taylor E. N. , Allison J. R. , Anderson C. , Bell M. , Bilicki M. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Brough S. , Brown M. J. I. , Driver S. , Gurkan G. , Harvey-Smith L. , Heywood I. , Holwerda B. W. , Liske J. , Lopez-Sanchez A. R. , McConnell D. , Moffett A. , Owers M. S. , Pimbblet K. A. , Raja W. , Seymour N. , Voronkov M. A. , Wang L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have observed the G23 field of the Galaxy AndMass Assembly (GAMA) survey using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) in its commissioning phase to validate the performance of the telescope and to characterise the detected galaxy populations. This observation covers ~48 deg2 with synthesised beam of 32.7 arcsec by 17.8 arcsec at 936MHz, and ~39 deg2 with synthesised beam of 15.8 arcsec by 12.0 arcsec at 1320MHz. At both frequencies, the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) noise is ~0.1 mJy/beam. We combine these radio observations with the GAMA galaxy data, which includes spectroscopy of galaxies that are i-band selected with a magnitude limit of 19.2. Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) infrared (IR) photometry is used to determine which galaxies host an active galactic nucleus (AGN). In properties including source counts, mass distributions, and IR versus radio luminosity relation, the ASKAP-detected radio sources behave as expected. Radio galaxies have higher stellar mass and luminosity in IR, optical, and UV than other galaxies. We apply optical and IR AGN diagnostics and find that they disagree for ~30% of the galaxies in our sample. We suggest possible causes for the disagreement. Some cases can be explained by optical extinction of the AGN, but for more than half of the cases we do not find a clear explanation. Radio sources aremore likely (~6%) to have an AGN than radio quiet galaxies (~1%), but the majority of AGN are not detected in radio at this sensitivity.
Dietary fibre and mortality risk in patients on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Xu Xiao , Li Ziqian , Chen Yuan , Liu Xihui , Dong Jie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHigher fibre intake reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among healthy population, but such data in dialysis patients are limited. We aimed to examine these associations in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). This single-centre prospective cohort study enrolled 881 incident PD patients between October 2002 and August 2014. All patients were followed until death, transfer to haemodialysis, renal transplantation or until being censored in June 2018. Demographic data were collected at baseline. Biochemical, dietary and nutrition data were examined at baseline and thereafter at regular intervals to calculate the average values throughout the study. The outcomes were defined as all-cause and cardiovascular death. Cox proportional regression models were applied to explore the relationship between fibre intake and outcomes. Participants with higher fibre intake were more likely to be younger, male and have better residual renal function and serum lipids at baseline. They were prone to maintain better nutrient status, higher blood pressure and lower inflammatory status at baseline and afterwards. Neither baseline nor time-averaged fibre intake did show protective effects on all-cause mortality after multivariate adjustment in the whole cohort. Among non-diabetic PD patients, an independent association between fibre intake and all-cause mortality was found, in which each 1 g/d increase in time-averaged fibre intake correlated to 13 % of reduction in all-cause mortality. We did not observe any benefits of fibre intake in the CVD mortality for both whole cohort and subgroups. The present study revealed that higher dietary fibre intake appeared to have a protective effect on all-cause mortality in non-diabetic PD patients, which suggest that PD patients should be encouraged to eat a diet rich in fibres.
Fine-tuning arguments and biological design arguments: can the theist have both?
Authors: BALLIVIAN JOEL 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere are at least two kinds of design arguments for theism: fine-tuning arguments and biological design arguments. Dougherty and Poston (2008) have argued that the success of one requires the failure of the other, and vice versa. The reason is that the success of these arguments hinges on the following crucial probability: the probability that biological life exists somewhere in the universe given that (a) our universe is finely tuned and that (b) biological development is unguided by intelligence. According to Dougherty and Poston, fine-tuning arguments require that the crucial probability is high while biological design arguments require that the crucial probability is low. As a result, at most one of these design arguments can factor into a cumulative case argument for theism. I argue that this is mistaken. Specifically, I show that fine-tuning arguments can succeed even if the crucial probability is low.
Die Stern-Tagebücher
Authors: Hoppe-Graff Siegfried , Kim Hye-On 
Published: July 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die vor mehr als 100 Jahren von Clara und William Stern zur Entwicklung ihrer drei Kinder angelegten Tagebücher stellen hinsichtlich der Beobachtungsdauer und Beobachtungsbreite immer noch die umfangreichste Dokumentation des Entwicklungsgeschehens von der Geburt bis zur Pubertät dar. Im ersten Teil unseres Beitrags erläutern wir den biographischen Entstehungskontext sowie den fachlichen und kulturhistorischen Hintergrund des Tagebuchprojektes. Außerdem beschreiben wir die Standards, die sich die Sterns für die Beobachtung und Aufzeichnung der Entwicklung ihrer Kinder gesetzt hatten. Im zweiten Teil rekonstruieren wir auf der Grundlage der sorgfältigen Lektüre der Originaleintragungen die tagtägliche Praxis der Tagebuchführung. Der Vergleich von Anspruch und tatsächlicher Vorgehensweise offenbart, dass die Sterns in vielfacher Hinsicht hinter den selbst gesteckten Maßstäben zurückgeblieben sind. Er zeigt aber auch, dass in der Sekundärliteratur häufig ein idealisiertes Bild der Tagebücher verbreitet wird. Im dritten Teil demonstrieren wir am Beispiel der Neuauswertung der Tagebucheintragungen zum Als ob-Spiel (pretend play), wie ein historisches Dokument Impulse für die aktuelle Forschung geben kann.
Vertical Velocities, Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, and Earth Structure of Northern and Western Alaska Based on Repeat GPS Measurements
Authors: DeGrandpre Kimberly G. , Freymueller Jeffrey T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGlacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), resulting from the Pleistocene loading of the Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets, is frequently associated with positive vertical velocities, or uplift. In Northern and Western Alaska, thousands of kilometers from the center of these ice sheets, vertical motion is primarily negative, or subsidence. Previously, no regional Earth structure model has been estimated for these areas using GIA modeling techniques, and the contribution of GIA processes to the observed subsidence signal has not been studied. We compare the vertical motion rates from 54 campaign and continuous GPS sites in Northern and Western Alaska to the predictions of the ICE‐5G and ICE‐6G GIA models, and to a suite of models that vary with four adjustable parameters defining the lithospheric thickness, asthenospheric thickness and viscosity, and upper mantle thickness and viscosity with the ICE‐3G loading model of Tushingham and Peltier (1991, https://doi.org/10.1029/90JB01583). The best overall fit with the ICE‐3G loading model and Earth model parameters were 120‐km lithosphere over a 100‐km asthenosphere with a viscosity of 2.5 × 1019 Pa/s, overlying a 450‐km‐thick upper mantle with a viscosity of 1.5 × 1021 Pa/s. These values are for a fixed lower mantle viscosity of 3 × 1021 Pa/s in a one‐dimensional Earth model that uses a linear Maxwell rheology. The GIA estimates are found to fit the GPS observations well and can be used to more accurately interpolate between measurement sites in a region where there is sparse spatial and temporal coverage of tectonic vertical velocities.
Rapid iceberg calving following removal of tightly packed pro-glacial mélange
Authors: Xie Surui , Dixon Timothy H. , Holland David M. , Voytenko Denis , Vaňková Irena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIceberg calving is a major contributor to Greenland’s ice mass loss. Pro-glacial mélange (a mixture of sea ice, icebergs, and snow) may be tightly packed in the long, narrow fjords that front many marine-terminating glaciers and can reduce calving by buttressing. However, data limitations have hampered a quantitative understanding. We develop a new radar-based approach to estimate time-varying elevations near the mélange-glacier interface, generating a factor of three or more improvement in elevation precision. We apply the technique to Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland’s major outlet glacier. Over a one-month period in early summer 2016, the glacier experienced essentially no calving, and was buttressed by an unusually thick mélange wedge that increased in thickness towards the glacier front. The extent and thickness of the wedge gradually decreased, with large-scale calving starting once the mélange mass within 7 km of the glacier front had decreased by >40%.
Satb1 integrates DNA binding site geometry and torsional stress to differentially target nucleosome-dense regions
Authors: Ghosh Rajarshi P. , Shi Quanming , Yang Linfeng , Reddick Michael P. , Nikitina Tatiana , Zhurkin Victor B. , Fordyce Polly , Stasevich Timothy J. , Chang Howard Y. , Greenleaf William J. , Liphardt Jan T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Satb1 genome organizer regulates multiple cellular and developmental processes. It is not yet clear how Satb1 selects different sets of targets throughout the genome. Here we have used live-cell single molecule imaging and deep sequencing to assess determinants of Satb1 binding-site selectivity. We have found that Satb1 preferentially targets nucleosome-dense regions and can directly bind consensus motifs within nucleosomes. Some genomic regions harbor multiple, regularly spaced Satb1 binding motifs (typical separation ~1 turn of the DNA helix) characterized by highly cooperative binding. The Satb1 homeodomain is dispensable for high affinity binding but is essential for specificity. Finally, we find that Satb1-DNA interactions are mechanosensitive. Increasing negative torsional stress in DNA enhances Satb1 binding and Satb1 stabilizes base unpairing regions against melting by molecular machines. The ability of Satb1 to control diverse biological programs may reflect its ability to combinatorially use multiple site selection criteria.
Rational design of spontaneous reactions for protecting porous lithium electrodes in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Ren Y. X. , Zeng L. , Jiang H. R. , Ruan W. Q. , Chen Q. , Zhao T. S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA rechargeable lithium anode requires a porous structure for a high capacity, and a stable electrode/electrolyte interface against dendrite formation and polysulfide crossover when used in a lithium-sulfur battery. Here, we design two simple steps of spontaneous reactions for protecting porous lithium electrodes. First, a reaction between molten lithium and sulfur-impregnated carbon nanofiber forms a fibrous network with a lithium shell and a carbon core. Second, we coat the surface of this porous lithium electrode with a composite of lithium bismuth alloys and lithium fluoride through another spontaneous reaction between lithium and bismuth trifluoride, solvated with phosphorous pentasulfide, which also polymerizes with lithium sulfide residual in the electrode to form a solid electrolyte layer. This protected porous lithium electrode enables stable operation of a lithium-sulfur battery with a sulfur loading of 10.2 mg cm−2 at 6.0 mA cm−2 for 200 cycles.
Evidence against tetrapod-wide digit identities and for a limited frame shift in bird wings
Authors: Stewart Thomas A. , Liang Cong , Cotney Justin L. , Noonan James P. , Sanger Thomas J. , Wagner Günter P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn crown group tetrapods, individual digits are homologized in relation to a pentadactyl ground plan. However, testing hypotheses of digit homology is challenging because it is unclear whether digits represent distinct and conserved gene regulatory states. Here we show dramatic evolutionary dynamism in the gene expression profiles of digits, challenging the notion that five digits have conserved developmental identities across amniotes. Transcriptomics shows diversity in the patterns of gene expression differentiation of digits, although the anterior-most digit of the pentadactyl limb has a unique, conserved expression profile. Further, we identify a core set of transcription factors that are differentially expressed among the digits of amniote limbs; their spatial expression domains, however, vary between species. In light of these results, we reevaluate the frame shift hypothesis of avian wing evolution and conclude only the identity of the anterior-most digit has shifted position, suggesting a 1,3,4 digit identity in the bird wing.
Structural basis of tubulin detyrosination by VASH2/SVBP heterodimer
Authors: Zhou Chen , Yan Ling , Zhang Wen-hui , Liu Zhu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe C-terminus of α-tubulin undergoes a detyrosination/tyrosination cycle and dysregulation of this cycle is associated with cancer and other diseases. The molecular mechanisms of tubulin tyrosination are well studied, however it has remained unknown how tyrosine is cleaved from the tubulin tail. Here, we report the crystal structure of the long-sought detyrosination enzyme, the VASH2/SVBP heterodimer at 2.2 Å resolution and the structure of the tail/VASH2/SVBP complex at 2.5 Å resolution. VASH2 possesses a non-canonical Cys-His-Ser catalytic architecture for tyrosine cleavage. The dynamics of the α1- and α2- helices of VASH2 are related to the insolubility of VASH2. SVBP plays a chaperone-like role by extensively interacting with VASH2 and stabilizing these dynamic helices. A positively charged groove around the catalytic pocket and the α1- and α2- helices of VASH2 targets the tubulin tail for detyrosination. We provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the cycle of tubulin tyrosine cleavage and religation.
A review of oxygen reduction mechanisms for metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts
Authors: Ma Ruguang , Lin Gaoxin , Zhou Yao , Liu Qian , Zhang Tao , Shan Guangcun , Yang Minghui , Wang Jiacheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe sluggish kinetics of Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) at the cathode in proton exchange membrane fuel cells or metal-air batteries requires highly effective and stable electrocatalysts to boost the reaction. The low abundance and high price of Pt-based electrocatalysts hamper the widespread application of proton exchange membrane fuel cells and metal-air batteries. As promising alternatives, metal-free carbon materials, especially upon doping heteroatoms or creating defects demonstrated excellent ORR activity, which is as efficient as or even superior to commercial platinum on carbon. Significant progress on the development of advanced carbon materials as highly stable and durable catalysts has been achieved, but the catalytic mechanisms of these materials still remain undistinguished. In present review, we summarized the up-to-date progress in the studies of carbon materials, and emphasized on the combination of experiment and theory to clarify the underlying mechanisms of these materials. At last, we proposed the perspectives on the proper strategies of elucidating the mechanisms of carbon materials as electrocatalysts towards ORR.
Multi-component background learning automates signal detection for spectroscopic data
Authors: Ament Sebastian E. , Stein Helge S. , Guevarra Dan , Zhou Lan , Haber Joel A. , Boyd David A. , Umehara Mitsutaro , Gregoire John M. , Gomes Carla P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAutomated experimentation has yielded data acquisition rates that supersede human processing capabilities. Artificial Intelligence offers new possibilities for automating data interpretation to generate large, high-quality datasets. Background subtraction is a long-standing challenge, particularly in settings where multiple sources of the background signal coexist, and automatic extraction of signals of interest from measured signals accelerates data interpretation. Herein, we present an unsupervised probabilistic learning approach that analyzes large data collections to identify multiple background sources and establish the probability that any given data point contains a signal of interest. The approach is demonstrated on X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy data and is suitable to any type of data where the signal of interest is a positive addition to the background signals. While the model can incorporate prior knowledge, it does not require knowledge of the signals since the shapes of the background signals, the noise levels, and the signal of interest are simultaneously learned via a probabilistic matrix factorization framework. Automated identification of interpretable signals by unsupervised probabilistic learning avoids the injection of human bias and expedites signal extraction in large datasets, a transformative capability with many applications in the physical sciences and beyond.
Association between the clinical features of and types of temporomandibular joint ankylosis based on a modified classification system
Authors: Xia Long , An Jingang , He Yang , Xiao E. , Chen Shuo , Yan Yingbin , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the clinical features of different types of traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis. Seventy-one patients with 102 ankylosed joints were retrospectively reviewed and categorized into four groups according to the grades of severity: type I, non-bony ankylosis of the joint with almost-normal joint space; type II, lateral bony ankylosis marked by a normal joint space that coexists with a radiolucent line; type III, complete bony ankylosis of the joint characterized by only a radiolucent line; and type IV, extensive bony ankylosis without any radiolucent line. The period of ankylosis, maximal mouth opening (MMO), rate of complications, and histopathological changes were compared among groups. Intergroup comparison showed significant differences in the clinical features of MMO and the incidence of complications (p < 0.05). Younger trauma patients tended to develop more severe types of ankylosis than older patients. Additionally, long post-trauma periods were related to the development of severe ankylosis. MMO was highly negatively correlated with the severity of ankylosis. Significant differences were noted among the four types of ankylosis. Younger trauma patients with long post-trauma periods tended to develop more severe TMJ ankylosis, experience more complications, and face more challenges in treatment than older patients.
Angiogenesis and tissue formation driven by an arteriovenous loop in the mouse
Authors: Wong Richard , Donno Roberto , Leon-Valdivieso Christopher Y. , Roostalu Urmas , Derby Brian , Tirelli Nicola , Wong Jason K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rapid vascularisation of biomaterials and artificial tissues is a key determinant for their in vivo viability and ultimately for their integration in a host; therefore promoting angiogenesis and maintaining the newly formed vascular beds has become a major goal of tissue engineering. The arteriovenous loop (AVL) has been an extensively studied platform which integrates microsurgery with cells scaffolds and growth factors to form neotissues. Most AVL studies to date are limited to larger animal models, which are surgically easier to perform, but have inherent limits for the understanding and interrogation of the underlying in vivo mechanisms due the paucity of transgenic models. Here, we demonstrate for the first time in a mouse model the utility of the AVL in the de novo production of vascularized tissue. We also present the combined use of the model with 3D printed chambers, which allow us to dictate size and shape of the tissues formed. This novel platform will allow for an understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved in tissue generation de novo.
Tubulin response to intense nanosecond-scale electric field in molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Marracino Paolo , Havelka Daniel , Průša Jiří , Liberti Micaela , Tuszynski Jack , Ayoub Ahmed T. , Apollonio Francesca , Cifra Michal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntense pulsed electric fields are known to act at the cell membrane level and are already being exploited in biomedical and biotechnological applications. However, it is not clear if electric pulses within biomedically-attainable parameters could directly influence intra-cellular components such as cytoskeletal proteins. If so, a molecular mechanism of action could be uncovered for therapeutic applications of such electric fields. To help clarify this question, we first identified that a tubulin heterodimer is a natural biological target for intense electric fields due to its exceptional electric properties and crucial roles played in cell division. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we then demonstrated that an intense - yet experimentally attainable - electric field of nanosecond duration can affect the bβ-tubulin’s C-terminus conformations and also influence local electrostatic properties at the GTPase as well as the binding sites of major tubulin drugs site. Our results suggest that intense nanosecond electric pulses could be used for physical modulation of microtubule dynamics. Since a nanosecond pulsed electric field can penetrate the tissues and cellular membranes due to its broadband spectrum, our results are also potentially significant for the development of new therapeutic protocols.
Analysis of Water Coupling in Inelastic Neutron Spectra of Uranyl Fluoride
Authors: Miskowiec Andrew , Niedziela J. L. , Kirkegaard Marie C. , Shields Ashley E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInelastic neutron scattering (INS) is uniquely sensitive to hydrogen due to its comparatively large thermal neutron scattering cross-section (82 b). Consequently, the inclusion of water in real samples presents significant challenges to INS data analysis due directly to the scattering strength of hydrogen. Here, we investigate uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) with inelastic neutron scattering. UO2F2 is the hydrolysis product of uranium hexafluoride (UF6), and is a hygroscopic, uranyl-ion containing particulate. Raman spectral signatures are commonly used for inferential understanding of the chemical environment for the uranyl ion in UO2F2, but no direct measurement of the influence of absorbed water molecules on the overall lattice dynamics has been performed until now. To deconvolute the influence of waters on the observed INS spectra, we use density functional theory with full spectral modeling to separate lattice motion from water coupling. In particular, we present a careful and novel analysis of the Q-dependent Debye–Waller factor, allowing us to separate spectral contributions by mass, which reveals preferential water coupling to the uranyl stretching vibrations. Coupled with the detailed partial phonon densities of states calculated via DFT, we infer the probable adsorption locations of interlayer waters. We explain that a common spectral feature in Raman spectra of uranyl fluoride originates from the interaction of water molecules with the uranyl ion based on this analysis. The Debye–Waller analysis is applicable to all INS spectra and could be used to identify light element contributions in other systems.