bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matter and Nature
Authors: Lizzini Olga L. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The fundamental principle—ruling both Avicenna’s metaphysics and his ethics—that the action of superior causes cannot be explained in virtue of the existence of inferior effects—seems to deny any possibility of a consistent idea of providence in Avicenna’s system. Despite this fact, Avicenna recurs to the term (ʿināya; tadbīr) as well as to the idea of providence in various contexts in his oeuvre. More precisely, providence is equated to the flow of being that originates and explains the world; and this not only in respect to the fundamental, existential, positive and “good” properties that belong to it—the world itself is good, the flow is the principle of good and the First Principle is the cause of the world in so far as the order of good is concerned—but also as regards the marginal, negative, non-existential and “bad” properties that can affect its individuals and that are necessarily consequents of the good itself: evil is something the First Principle “wants”, although in an accidental way, and it is therefore implicit in and contained by divine causality. In this paper I shall outline the fundamental structure that explains the existence of individuals in the sublunary world. I do not claim to be exhaustive (some questions require further investigation); my aim is to provide an overview of the topic, with a main question in mind: on what principles does Avicenna base his idea of providence?
A Polemical Tale and its Function in the Jewish Communities of the Mediterranean and the Near East
Authors: Goldstein Miriam 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The parodical narrative Toledot Yeshu (TY) has been the object of burgeoning interest in the past decade. It has recently become evident that this work was quite popular in Judeo-Arabic, and circulated continuously in Arabic-speaking Jewish communities from at least the eleventh century until nearly the present day. The following is a first foray into the Judeo-Arabic textual tradition of this narrative. From the sixteenth century and beyond, TY circulated in Arabic-speaking communities in collections of folk narrative. Close examination of the textual tradition of TY in Judeo-Arabic as preserved in four parallel manuscript fragments from the twelfth—fifteenth centuries provides further, more subtle evidence linking TY to this genre, and suggests that TY served primarily as literary entertainment in the Near East. I conclude with consideration of the codicological context of TY manuscripts preserved in Europe, and propose that this Near Eastern function contrasts to TY’s primarily polemical function in Europe.
The International Law Association Helsinki Rules
Authors: Bogdanović Slavko 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough the International Law Association (ILA) was established in 1873, it only turned its attention to the internationally shared water resources in 1954, when its study of the applicable principles and rules of international law thereon began. The first ILA committee assigned to this task was the Rivers Committee, which, after a decade of intensive study and through several resolutions and statements, arrived unanimously at a set of articles reflecting customary international law, known as The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers.The Helsinki Rules approved at the ILA Helsinki Conference in 1966 were soon widely accepted across the globe as a non-binding authoritative source of international water law. This monograph traces the work of ILA leading to the approval of the Helsinki Rules, analyses the Rules, and identifies their influence on, and contribution to the evolution of international water law.
Gathering Souls: Jesuit Missions and Missionaries in Oceania (1668–1945)
Authors: Coello de la Rosa Alexandre 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article deals with the missionary work of the Society of Jesus in today’s Micronesia from the 17th to the 20th century. Although the Jesuit missionaries wanted to reach Japan and other Pacific islands, such as the Palau and Caroline archipelagos, the crown encouraged them to stay in the Marianas until 1769 (when the Society of Jesus was expelled from the Philippines) to evangelize the native Chamorros as well as to reinforce the Spanish presence on the fringes of the Pacific empire. In 1859, a group of Jesuit missionaries returned to the Philippines, but they never officially set foot on the Marianas during the nineteenth century. It was not until the twentieth century that they went back to Micronesia, taking charge of the mission on the Northern Marianas along with the Caroline and Marshall Islands, thus returning to one of the cradles of Jesuit martyrdom in Oceania.
Molecular phylogenetic analysis of subfamilial placement of Haplotropis Saussure, 1888 (Orthoptera: Pamphagidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers
Authors: SUKHIKH IGOR , BLINOV ALEXANDER , BUGROV ALEXANDER 
Published: February 2019

The genus Haplotropis Sauss. is a relatively small genus in the family Pamphagidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera). Historically, there has been a discussion on the placement of this genus, whether it belongs in the subfamily Pamphaginae or in the subfamily Thrinchinae. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of two mitochondrial genes (COI, COII) and the ITS2 rRNA nuclear region of multiple species of the family Pamphagidae and related taxa. Our results clearly support the placement of the genus Haplotropis, and other species of the tribe Haplotropidini, in the subfamily Thrinchinae.
Visual prognosis of posterior and combined persistent fetal vasculature
Authors: Promelle Veronique , Bryselbout Sophie , Milazzo Solange 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: The persistent fetal vasculature refers to congenital anomalies of the globe resulting from the abnormal persistence of the hyaloid vascular system. It can present as anterior, posterior, or combined form. The aim of this study was to report the visual outcomes of posterior and combined forms of persistent fetal vasculature. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included every patient referred to our outpatient clinic with a posterior or combined form of persistent fetal vasculature. The primary endpoint was the visual acuity of the impaired eye, or of the best eye if bilateral, at the end of follow-up. Results: In total, 18 eyes of 14 patients (10 males) were included. The combined form was the most prevalent (12 of 18 eyes), and 4 of 14 patients had bilateral impairment. The range of assessed visual acuity was from 20/2000 to 20/25. The best visual acuity in patients having undergone a surgical procedure was 20/63 (cataract extraction = 3, combined phacovitrectomy = 1). In patients who had been treated for amblyopia with patching, without surgery, the best visual acuity measured was 20/100 (5 patients). Among patients who had neither surgery nor patching therapy, there was one 63-year-old patient with a 20/25 visual acuity; the other ones had a low visual acuity of less than 20/200. All included eyes presented with nystagmus, amblyopia, and/or strabismus at the end of follow-up. Conclusion: The posterior and combined forms of persistent fetal vasculature are of poor visual prognosis. The severe or occulting presentations require surgery to obtain the same visual outcomes as the moderate forms treated for amblyopia with patching therapy.
Association of angiotensin ІІ type 1 receptor gene A1166C polymorphism with cancer risk: An updated meta-analysis
Authors: Hu Xue , Chen Jing 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The association between angiotensin II type 1 receptor ( AGTR1) gene A1166C polymorphism and cancer risk has been investigated in many studies. However, the results have been inconclusive. A meta-analysis was performed to obtain a more precise estimation of the relationship. Methods: The PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched for published literature. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strengths of association. Results: Ten studies, including 1553 patients and 1904 controls, were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, there were no significant associations between the AGTR1 gene A1166C polymorphism and cancer risk in the general population (CC vs AA: OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.50–2.37; AC vs AA: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 0.81–2.91; dominant model: OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 0.77–2.79; recessive model: OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.84–1.49). In a subgroup analysis by nationality and cancer type, the results also showed no association between this polymorphism and cancer risk. Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrated that the AGTR1 gene A1166C polymorphism does not appear to be related to the risk of cancer.
Endovascular treatment of dural arteriovenous fistulas with sinus drainage: Do we really need to protect the sinus?
Authors: Kortman Hans , Boukrab Issam , Sluzewski Menno , van Rooij Willem Jan , Peluso Jo PP , Majoie Charles 
Published: February 2019

Background and purpose Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) with direct antegrade sinus drainage have a benign natural history but bruit can be disabling. Disconnection of the draining sinus is considered curative. We present the treatment results of 14 patients with a dural arteriovenous fistula with antegrade sinus return with emphasis on functionality of the involved sinus and the need for sinus patency. Materials and methods Between January 2009 and January 2018, 14 patients with a DAVF with direct antegrade sinus drainage were treated in our institution. There were two men and 12 women (1: 6) with a mean age of 61 years (median 61, range 43–78). Clinical presentation was unbearable pulsatile bruit in all cases. Thirteen were draining in the sigmoid or transverse sinus and one drained into the inferior petrosal sinus. Results Twelve of 14 (86%) patients had a draining sinus non-functional for the brain. In ten of these 12 patients the sinus was occluded with liquid embolic or coils. In the two patients with a functional sinus, the fistula was successfully occluded without occluding the sinus. One patient with inferior petrosal sinus drainage required transvenous embolization. There were no permanent adverse events of treatment. Conclusions Patients with DAVFs with direct antegrade sinus drainage were cured using a strategy of endovascular transarterial and transvenous embolization. Most patients had a non-functional sinus that could be occluded for cure.
Thrombus perviousness is not associated with first-pass revascularization using stent retrievers
Authors: Byun Jun-Soo , Nicholson Patrick , Hilditch Christopher A , Chun On Tsang Anderson , Mendes Pereira Vitor , Krings Timo , Fang Yibin , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: February 2019

Background and purpose Recent studies suggest that thrombus imaging characteristics such as Hounsfield unit (HU) and perviousness assessed on noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) and CT angiography (CTA) can predict successful recanalization. We assessed whether these thrombus imaging characteristics could predict successful first-pass recanalization. Methods We retrospectively reviewed cases of mechanical thrombectomy over a three-year period in which patients received a multiphase CTA and were treated with a stent retriever on first pass. Thrombus attenuation, thrombus enhancement on arterial- and delayed-phase CTA and percentage washout were calculated and their association with first-pass recanalization, successful recanalization and distal embolic complications was studied. Results Fifty-two mechanical thrombectomy patients were included. First-pass recanalization was achieved in 59.6% and complete revascularization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction scale 2b/3) was achieved in 84.6%. There was no correlation between first-pass recanalization with thrombus density on NCCT ( p = 0.94), percentage enhancement on arterial ( p = 0.61) and delayed-phase CTA ( p = 0.23) or thrombus length ( p = 0.16). There was no correlation between number of passes and either thrombus density on NCCT ( p = 0.91) or percentage enhancement on arterial- ( p = 0.79) and delayed-phase ( p = 0.14) CTA or thrombus length ( p = 0.34). Clot length was significantly higher in patients with distal embolic complications than in those without (18.5 ± 7.9 vs 11.4 ± 6.6 mm, p = 0.005). Conclusions Our data suggest that thrombus imaging characteristics on multiphase CTA cannot predict first-pass recanalization or successful revascularization in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with stent retrievers. Longer clot length was associated with higher risk of distal embolic complications.
Investigational drug labeling variability
Authors: Duhamel Amélie , Thibault Maxime , Lebel Denis , Bussières Jean-François , Tanguay Cynthia 
Published: February 2019

Background/aims In comparison with commercial drugs, there are few regulations concerning the labeling of investigational drugs. This leads to variability in their content and layout. This increases the risk of errors during storage, validation, compounding, dispensing and administration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conformity and variability of investigational drug labels. Additional exploratory aims were to evaluate the use of an automated script to describe the labels and to identify the factors associated with the ease of finding a kit number. Methods An 87-criterion list was developed to evaluate content, format and readability. It included eight criteria to evaluate the conformity to the Canadian Food and Drugs Regulation. A systematic cross-sectional evaluation of all investigational drug labels in our 500-bed mother–child center was performed. All active protocols during the period of 14–22 February 2018 were included. Labels from drugs that were sourced locally were excluded. Labels affixed to the outside (external) and inside (internal) containers, as well as labels from American and European sponsors, were compared with the chi-square and Student’s t tests. A script was developed in Python to automatically determine key information (number of words, main colors and their proportion). A short survey was conducted with a convenience sample of pharmacists to rate the ease of finding the kit number on labels. Correlation was evaluated with different factors. Results A total of 27 protocols were included (24 internal and 34 external labels). The majority (33/34) of external labels were compliant with the Regulation. Some internal labels did not state the expiry date (9/13), the sponsor address (2/13) or storing conditions (1/13). A total of 10 criteria were different between internal and external labels, for instance, the number of languages was higher on external labels (median 3 (2–14) vs 10 (2–50); p = 0.013). Five criteria were different depending on the sponsors’ location, for instance, European sponsors were more prone to use bold characters (25% vs 61%, p = 0.034). There was a mean of 146 ± 111 words and 78.3% ± 7.3% empty space per label. These were positively correlated (p < 0.001). The proportion of free space on a label was also correlated with the ease of finding the kit number (p = 0.002). Conclusion We measured a high variability in the labeling of investigational drugs. Key information was missing from labels affixed to internal containers, despite the use of a high number of pages. The automation worked well and further work is needed to identify criteria that may improve readability and reduce error risk. Detailed and harmonized international guidelines are needed.
Real‐life data on Selexipag for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Barnikel Michaela , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Klenner Friederike , Waelde Andrea , Arnold Paola , Sonneck Torben , Behr Jürgen , Neurohr Claus , Milger Katrin 
Published: February 2019

Selexipag is an orally available selective IP prostacyclin‐receptor agonist licensed since 2016 for the therapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We aimed to describe real‐life data of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) treated with selexipag. We analyzed all patients initiated with selexipag from July 2016 to April 2018 at the Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Munich. Non‐invasive and invasive parameters corresponding to the risk assessment were collected at baseline and follow‐up (FU). Furthermore, we recorded tolerability. Twenty‐six patients were treated with selexipag, of whom 23 had PAH and three had chronic thromboembolic PH. At baseline, most patients were in function class (FC) II or III (42% and 54%, respectively). All patients were under medical treatment for PH, mostly dual therapy (92%). One or more side effects were noted in 19 patients, while seven reported no side‐effects. FU assessment was available in 20 patients after 149 ± 80 days of treatment. Nt‐proBNP (median, baseline 1641 pg/mL, FU 1185 pg/mL, P = 0.05) and PVR (mean ± SD, baseline 8.5 ± 4.3 WU, FU 5.6 ± 1.1 WU; P < 0.05) improved significantly. At FU, at least one risk assessment parameter improved in nine patients (45%), all parameters remained in the same risk group in seven patients (35%), and at least one parameter deteriorated in four patients (20%). Interestingly, patients with any side effect throughout the dose titration had a better treatment response than those without any side effects. In our real‐life cohort, the majority of patients with PH treated with selexipag showed a stable or improved risk assessment at FU.
Beta-blockers for post-acute coronary syndrome mid-range ejection fraction: a nationwide retrospective study
Authors: Montenegro Sá Fernando , Carvalho Rita , Ruivo Catarina , Santos Luís Graça , Antunes Alexandre , Soares Francisco , Belo Adriana , Morais João ,   on behalf of the Portuguese Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome Investigators
Published: February 2019

Background: Patients with mid-range ejection fraction (40–49%) are in focus due to the newly defined entity of heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction. Acute coronary syndromes are a major aetiology for heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction. We aim to evaluate which therapeutic decisions are associated with inhospital survival benefit in post-acute coronary syndrome patients categorised according to the ejection fraction. Methods and results: The authors analysed a cohort of a multicentre national registry enrolling acute coronary syndrome patients between 2010 and 2016, classified according to their ejection fraction before hospital discharge. Patients with previously known heart failure or with no ejection fraction evaluation were excluded. A total of 9429 patients were included and categorised in three groups: (a) ejection fraction of 50% or greater ( n=6113, 65%); (b) ejection fraction of 40–49% ( n=1926, 20%); and (c) ejection fraction less than 40% ( n=1390, 15%). The primary endpoint was inhospital mortality. To eliminate confounding factors, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, including acute coronary syndrome type, baseline characteristics, pharmacological treatment, clinical data, laboratory data and coronary anatomy when known. The overall inhospital mortality was 2.8% ( n=263): 0.9% ( n=53) in group 1, 2.4% ( n=37) in group 2 and 11.4% ( n=159) in group 3. After multivariate analysis, an invasive strategy had a positive impact in all groups, inhospital beta-blocker administration had a positive impact for groups 2 and 3, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker and spironolactone had a positive impact on group 3. Conclusion: Post-acute coronary syndrome mid-range ejection fraction patients represent an intermediate risk group in which beta-blocker administration was associated with inhospital survival benefit. An invasive strategy was a survival predictor for all groups, regardless of ejection fraction category.
Influence of Processing Conditions on the Physical Properties of LLDPE Blown Film
Authors: Shang S. W. , Kamla R. D. 
Published: February 2019

The effects of (1) pelletizing extrusion conditions and (2) blowing film extrusion conditions on the physical properties of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) films were studied. The results show that better film properties can be obtained when a resin is pelletized at a lower temperature profile and then blown at a higher temperature profile. As the melt temperature of the blown film extrusion increases, the optical properties of the LLDPE film are improved. The mechanical properties, however, remain essentially the same as those blown at lower temperatures. Extrusion conditions during pelletizing were shown to have a significant effect on the number of "gel" defects in film-with an increase in the melt temperature resulting in more gel.
The diagnosis and management of interstitial ectopic pregnancies: a review
Authors: Brincat Maximilian , Bryant-Smith Alison , Holland T. K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe objective of this article is to review the published literature on the diagnosis and management of interstitial pregnancies (IPs). IPs account for 2–6% of all ectopic pregnancies and have the potential to cause life-threatening haemorrhage resulting in a 2–5% mortality rate. There is little consensus on the best practice for diagnosing and managing interstitial pregnancies. By reviewing the published data, we set out to determine what the best evidence-based practice for the management of interstitial ectopic pregnancies is, what protocols can be used and whether this improves post-operative outcomes and future fertility rates.
An analysis of the foot in turnout using a dance specific 3D multi‐segment foot model
Authors: Carter Sarah L. , Bryant Alan R. , Hopper Luke S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecent three‐dimensional (3D) kinematic research has revealed foot abduction is the strongest predictor of standing functional and forced turnout postures. However, it is still unknown how the internal foot joints enable a large degree of foot abduction in turnout. The primary purpose of this study was to use a dance specific multi‐segment foot model to determine the lower leg and foot contributions to turnout that female university‐level ballets use to accentuate their turnout.MethodsEighteen female dance students (mean age, 18.8 ± 1.6 years) volunteered for this study. Retro‐reflective markers were attached to the dancers' dominant foot. Each dancer performed three repetitions of functional turnout, forced turnout and ten consecutive sautés in first position. Repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni adjustments for the multiple comparisons were used to determine the kinematic adjustments, hindfoot eversion, midfoot and forefoot abduction, navicular drop (i.e. lowering of the medial longitudinal arch) and first metatarsophalangeal joint abduction between natural double leg up‐right posture and the first position conditions.ResultsHindfoot eversion (4.6°, p < 0.001) and midfoot abduction (2.8°, p < 0.001) significantly increased in functional turnout compared to the natural double leg up‐right posture. Thirteen dancers demonstrated increased first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) abduction in forced turnout, however no statistically significant increase was found. Navicular drop during sautés in first position significantly increased by 11 mm (p < 0.001) compared to the natural double leg up‐right posture.ConclusionOur findings suggest dancers do pronate, via hindfoot eversion and midfoot abduction in both functional and forced turnout, however, no immediate association was found between forced turnout and first MTPJ abduction. Foot pronation does play a role in achieving turnout. Further prospective research on in situ measures of the lower limb in turnout and injury surveillance is required to improve our understanding of the normal and abnormal dance biomechanics.