bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Lead Identification Strategy: Screening an sp3‐rich and Lead‐like Compound Library Composed of 7‐Azanorbornane Derivatives
Authors: Karaki Fumika , Umemoto Sho , Ashizawa Karin , Oki Tomoya , Sato Noriko , Ogino Takumi , Ishibashi Naoto , Someya Ryoto , Miyano Kanako , Hirayama Shigeto , Uezono Yasuhito , Fujii Hideaki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough the advantages of sp3‐rich, sterically complicated molecules in drug development have been pointed out, modern screening libraries are filled with planar, sp2‐rich components. Compounds that are sp3‐rich are difficult to synthesize, and thus we aimed to invent an efficient method to construct sp3‐rich libraries. By modifying sp3‐rich 7‐azanorbornane scaffolds through click chemistry, we efficiently prepared a small set of compounds. These compounds were not only sp3‐rich, but also had sufficient “lead‐like” properties in view of molecular weights and hydrophobicity. Screening assays of this library provided weak κ opioid receptor agonists and growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonists with high hit rates. These results indicate that the 7‐azanorbornane scaffold may be a “privileged structure” for lead identification in drug discovery.
Tuning the Properties of Tetracene‐Based Nanoribbons by Fluorination and N‐Doping
Authors: Younis Umer , Muhammad Imran , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Sun Qiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe structural stabilities and electronic properties are studied for the recently synthesized one‐dimensional (1‐D) tetracene‐based nanoribbons with four‐membered rings by using first‐principles calculation. All three configurations (named as straight, zigzag, and armchair) are stable and exhibit an indirect band gap of 1.46, 0.73, and 0.32 eV, respectively. The band gaps can be effectively tuned by substituting hydrogen with fluorine atoms and by doping with nitrogen atoms. Substituting hydrogen with fluorine atoms leads to gradual decrease of the electronic band gaps of all configurations. Nitrogen doping changes the band gap from indirect to direct, displaying flexibility of tuning the band structure.
Porous Ultrathin NiSe Nanosheet Networks on Nickel Foam for High‐Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Dengfeng , Li Zhuo , Zhao Gongyuan , Zhang Hong , Aslan Hüsnü , Li Jiwei , Sun Feifei , Zhu Lin , Du Baosheng , Yang Bin , Cao Wenwu , Sun Ye , Besenbacher Flemming , Yu Miao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransition metal selenides (TMSs) with excellent electrochemical activity and high intrinsic electrical conductivity have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential use in energy storage devices. However, the low energy densities of the reported TMSs, which originate from the small active surface area and poor electrolyte ion mobility, substantially restrict their application potential. In this work, porous ultrathin nickel selenide nanosheet networks (NiSe NNs) on nickel foam are fabricated by using a novel, facile method, that is, selenylation/pickling of the pre‐formed manganese‐doped α‐Ni(OH)2. Removal of Mn resulted in NNs with a highly porous structure. The 3D framework of the NNs and the inherent nature of the NiSe affords high ion mobility, abundant accessible activated sites, vigorous electrochemical activity, and low resistance. One of the highest specific capacities of TMSs ever reported, that is, 443 mA h g−1 (807 μAh cm−2) at 3.0 A g−1, is achieved with the NNs as electrodes. The assembled NiSe NNs//porous carbon hybrid supercapacitor delivers a high energy density of 66.6 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 425 W kg−1, with excellent cycling stability. This work provides a new strategy for the production of novel electrode materials that can be applied in high‐performance hybrid supercapacitors, and a fresh pathway towards commercial applications of hybrid supercapacitors based on TMS electrodes.
Primary pancreatic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound guided FNAC: A rare entity
Authors: Ravi Soundarya , Stephen S. Norton , Gochhait Debasis , Potakkat Biju , Niranjani R. , Siddaraju Neelaiah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrimary pancreatic lymphoma (PPL) is an uncommon neoplasm which can clinico‐radiologically mimic carcinoma. But the management of these patients differs from that of a carcinoma. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) serves as a potential tool to identify pancreatic lymphomas and thus prevent an invasive diagnostic test. This case report describes the presentation and diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma. A 37‐year‐old female presented with nausea, vomiting with signs of icterus and elevated liver function test and Bilirubin. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a hypodense lesion in the head of the pancreas. EUS guided FNA was performed and cytological material was collected. The lesion was diagnosed as Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and subtyped as diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma‐germinal centre (DLBCL‐GCB) base on immunohistochemistry on cell block. The patient was started on rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (RCHOP) regimen. EUS guided FNA along with ROSE, cell bock, and immunocytochemistry helps in the diagnosis of primary pancreatic lymphoma.
Cytologic and clinical features of NIFTP: Can we diagnose based on preoperative fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Yan Lei , Sethi Shenon , Park Ji‐Weon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) is considered an indolent neoplasm of the thyroid. Currently, this entity presents a diagnostic challenge on preoperative fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.MethodsCases of NIFTP and noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma from January 1994 to August 2018 were retrieved from our institution's pathology databases, and their clinical and cytopathologic features were reviewed.ResultsA total of 45 patients with NIFTP were identified. Thirty‐nine of 45 patients had presurgical thyroid FNAs, 27 of which showed abnormal cytology (27/39). NIFTPs were most often classified in the indeterminate diagnostic categories on presurgical FNAs (78%), including suspicious for follicular neoplasm (8/27), atypia of undetermined significance (8/27) and suspicious for malignancy (5/27). Six patients had a cytologic diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (6/27) on thyroid FNAs. Fourteen out of 27 cases with abnormal FNAs had in‐house cytology available for review. The most frequent cytologic features observed in NIFTPs included architectural abnormalities, such as crowded clusters (13/14), nuclear overlapping (13/14), predominance or presence of individual microfollicles (11/14), and abundant to scattered isolated cells (10/14). The papillary‐like nuclear features observed included nuclear enlargement (14/14), eccentric nucleoli (13/14), nuclear membrane irregularity (12/14), pale chromatin (12/14), nuclear grooves (10/14), and elongated nuclear contour (8/14).ConclusionsThe NIFTPs were most frequently categorized as atypia of undetermined significance and suspicious for follicular neoplasm on cytology. Recognition of the architectural and nuclear features of NIFTP can be helpful in distinguishing NIFTPs from other entities, such as papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular neoplasms.
Influence of climate change and postdelisting management on long‐term population viability of the conservation‐reliant Kirtland's Warbler
Authors: Brown Donald J. , Donner Deahn M. , Ribic Christine A. , Bocetti Carol I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRapid global climate change is resulting in novel abiotic and biotic conditions and interactions. Identifying management strategies that maximize probability of long‐term persistence requires an understanding of the vulnerability of species to environmental changes. We sought to quantify the vulnerability of Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii), a rare Neotropical migratory songbird that breeds almost exclusively in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and winters in the Bahamian Archipelago, to projected environmental changes on the breeding and wintering grounds. We developed a population‐level simulation model that incorporates the influence of annual environmental conditions on the breeding and wintering grounds, and parameterized the model using empirical relationships. We simulated independent and additive effects of reduced breeding grounds habitat quantity and quality, and wintering grounds habitat quality, on population viability. Our results indicated the Kirtland's Warbler population is stable under current environmental and management conditions. Reduced breeding grounds habitat quantity resulted in reductions of the stable population size, but did not cause extinction under the scenarios we examined. In contrast, projected large reductions in wintering grounds precipitation caused the population to decline, with risk of extinction magnified when breeding habitat quantity or quality also decreased. Our study indicates that probability of long‐term persistence for Kirtland's Warbler will depend on climate change impacts to wintering grounds habitat quality and contributes to the growing literature documenting the importance of considering the full annual cycle for understanding population dynamics of migratory species.
Preserved network functional connectivity underlies cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fuchs Tom A. , Benedict Ralph H. B. , Bartnik Alexander , Choudhery Sanjeevani , Li Xian , Mallory Matthew , Oship Devon , Yasin Faizan , Ashton Kira , Jakimovski Dejan , Bergsland Niels , Ramasamy Deepa P. , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Zivadinov Robert , Dwyer Michael G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCognitive reserve is one's mental resilience or resistance to the effects of structural brain damage. Reserve effects are well established in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and Alzheimer's disease, but the neural basis of this phenomenon is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether preservation of functional connectivity explains cognitive reserve. Seventy‐four PwMS and 29 HCs underwent neuropsychological assessment and 3 T MRI. Structural damage measures included gray matter (GM) atrophy and network white matter (WM) tract disruption between pairs of GM regions. Resting‐state functional connectivity was also assessed. PwMS exhibited significantly impaired cognitive processing speed (t = 2.14, p = .037) and visual/spatial memory (t = 2.72, p = .008), and had significantly greater variance in functional connectivity relative to HCs within relevant networks (p < .001, p < .001, p = .016). Higher premorbid verbal intelligence, a proxy for cognitive reserve, predicted relative preservation of functional connectivity despite accumulation of GM atrophy (standardized‐β = .301, p = .021). Furthermore, preservation of functional connectivity attenuated the impact of structural network WM tract disruption on cognition (β = −.513, p = .001, for cognitive processing speed; β = −.209, p = .066, for visual/spatial memory). The data suggests that preserved functional connectivity explains cognitive reserve in PwMS, helping to maintain cognitive capacity despite structural damage.
Affective iconic words benefit from additional sound–meaning integration in the left amygdala
Authors: Aryani Arash , Hsu Chun‐Ting , Jacobs Arthur M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent studies have shown that a similarity between sound and meaning of a word (i.e., iconicity) can help more readily access the meaning of that word, but the neural mechanisms underlying this beneficial role of iconicity in semantic processing remain largely unknown. In an fMRI study, we focused on the affective domain and examined whether affective iconic words (e.g., high arousal in both sound and meaning) activate additional brain regions that integrate emotional information from different domains (i.e., sound and meaning). In line with our hypothesis, affective iconic words, compared to their non‐iconic counterparts, elicited additional BOLD responses in the left amygdala known for its role in multimodal representation of emotions. Functional connectivity analyses revealed that the observed amygdalar activity was modulated by an interaction of iconic condition and activations in two hubs representative for processing sound (left superior temporal gyrus) and meaning (left inferior frontal gyrus) of words. These results provide a neural explanation for the facilitative role of iconicity in language processing and indicate that language users are sensitive to the interaction between sound and meaning aspect of words, suggesting the existence of iconicity as a general property of human language.
Ameloblastic carcinoma: Clinicopathological analysis of 18 cases and a systematic review
Authors: Deng Ling , Wang Rui , Yang Mingzhong , Li Wei , Zou Ling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesExploring the clinicopathological features of ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) and reviewing the literature to improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Materials and MethodsClinical data and pathological features of 18 cases of AC were retrospectively analyzed. A systematic review was carried out by searching PubMed and Medline databases using the MeSH terms “ameloblastic” and “carcinoma.”ResultsIn the systematic analysis, 125 cases of AC from 81 eligible original studies and 18 cases of AC from this research were included. The male‐to‐female ratio was 2.58:1, and the mandible‐to‐maxilla ratio was 1.80:1. Mean age of patients was 45.3 years. Thirty‐seven cases of recurrence and 27 cases of metastasis were recorded.ConclusionAC is a rare neoplasm of the odontogenic epithelium. A systematic review indicates that diagnoses at the early phase and a close periodic assessment for recurrence and metastasis are necessary.
Activation of GPR81 by lactate inhibits oscillatory shear stress‐induced endothelial inflammation by activating the expression of KLF2
Authors: Sun Zirui , Han Yu , Song Shubo , Chen Tongfeng , Han Yan , Liu Yuhao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a common and deadly cardiovascular disease with extremely high prevalence. Areas of the vasculature exposed to oscillatory shear stress (OSS) or disturbed blood flow are particularly prone to the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In part, various mechanosensitive receptors on the surface of endothelial cells play a role in regulating the ability of the vasculature to cope with variations in blood flow patterns. However, the exact mechanisms behind flow‐mediated endothelial responses remain poorly understood. Along with the development of highly specific receptor agonists, the class of G coupled‐protein receptors has been receiving increasing attention as potential therapeutic targets. G coupled‐protein receptor 81 (GPR81), also known as hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), is activated by lactate, its endogenous ligand. In the present study, we show for the first time that expression of GPR81 is significantly downregulated in response to OSS in endothelial cells and that activation of GPR81 using physiologically relevant doses of lactate can rescue OSS‐induced reduced GPR81 expression. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that activation of GPR81 can exert valuable atheroprotective effects in endothelial cells exposed to OSS by reducing oxidative stress and significantly downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1, and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). We also show that activation of GPR81 can potentially prevent the attachment of monocytes to the endothelium by suppressing OSS‐induced secretion of vascular cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM)‐1 and endothelial‐selectin (E‐selectin). Finally, we show that activation of GPR81 can rescue OSS‐induced reduced expression of the key atheroprotective transcription factor Kruppel‐like factor 2 (KLF2), which is mediated through the extracellular‐regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) pathway. These findings demonstrate a potential protective role of GPR81 against atherogenesis and that targeted activation of GPR81 may inhibit endothelial inflammation and dysfunction induced by OSS.
Discrepancy in Doppler waveforms between two umbilical arteries in fetuses with absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow: A prospective observational study
Authors: Park Jeong W. , Lee Seung M. , Kang Hye‐S. , Shim Soon‐S. , Jun Jong K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurposeTo asses the occurrence of discrepancies between the Doppler waveforms of the left and right umbilical arteries in their paravesical part in fetuses with absent or reversed end‐diastolic flow in the free‐floating umbilical cord.MethodsThis prospective observational study included pregnant women with fetal growth restriction or twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome. Umbilical arterial Doppler waveforms were obtained from both umbilical arteries in their intra‐abdominal paravesical part. Doppler findings were recorded as present end‐diastolic flow (PEDF)/absent end‐diastolic flow (AEDF); AEDF/AEDF; AEDF/reversed end‐diastolic flow (REDF); or REDF/REDF pattern.ResultsThere were 49 fetuses with AEDF or REDF at the free‐floating umbilical cord. Of these, 20 (40.8%) had a discrepancy in Doppler waveforms between the two umbilical arteries, with 14 (28.6%) showing PEDF/AEDF, 17 (34.7%) AEDF/AEDF, 6 (12.2%) AEDF/REDF, and 12 (24.5%) REDF/REDF pattern.ConclusionDoppler waveforms showed discrepancies between the two umbilical arteries in 40.8% of pregnant women with AEDF or REDF in the free‐floating umbilical cord. The presence of end‐diastolic flow in one umbilical artery cannot exclude the possibility of AEDF in the other.
Skeletal Muscle Mass Index Predicts Postoperative Complications in Intestinal Surgery for Crohn's Disease
Authors: Galata Christian , Hodapp Janina , Weiß Christel , Karampinis Ioannis , Vassilev Georgi , Reißfelder Christoph , Otto Mirko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) for major postoperative morbidity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal surgery at a tertiary referral center.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the prospectively maintained database for surgical patients with CD at our institution was performed. The cases of all patients operated on between December 2009 and December 2017 with sectional imaging prior to surgery were eligible for this study.ResultsA total of 230 patients were included. Major postoperative complications were observed in 32 patients (13.9%). Common intestinal procedures were ileocecal resections (51.7%), segmental small‐bowel resections (10%), and colectomy or proctocolectomy (8.3%). In multivariable analysis, SMI (P = .002; odds ratio = 0.914) was the only independent risk factor for major postoperative complications. Both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were suitable to determine SMI. The cutoff values for SMI were 31.8 cm2/m2 for females and 41.5 cm2/m2 for males.ConclusionWe present the largest published cohort investigating SMI with regard to major postoperative morbidity in surgery for CD. In multivariable analysis, SMI was the only significant risk factor for Clavien‐Dindo complications grade ≥III. Lumbar SMI was reliably determined by CT and MRI alike. Because preoperative abdominal imaging with either modality is common for patients with CD, SMI could be a reliable and largely available tool to stratify the risk of postoperative complications.
Combined chromatographic strategy based on macroporous resin, high‐speed counter‐current chromatography and preparative HPLC for systematic separation of seven antioxidants from the fruit of Terminalia billerica
Authors: Yang Xue , Shen Cheng , Li Hongmei , Wang Nana , Ma Jialin , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jingyang , Chen Jilin , Yang Li , Chen Tao , Li Yulin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the present study, combined chromatographic strategy based on macroporous resin, high‐speed counter‐current chromatography and preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography for systematic separation of antioxidants from crude samples guided by high‐performance liquid chromatography with 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl has been successfully established. Based on this strategy, seven antioxidants including isorugosin A, β‐1,2,3,6‐tetragalloyl‐D‐glucose, chebulinic acid, 1,2,3,4,6‐penta‐O‐galloyl‐β‐D‐glucose, chebulagic acid, ethyl gallate, and gallic acid were obtained from the fruit of Terminalia billerica. First, high‐performance liquid chromatography with 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl experiment showed the presence of seven main antioxidants in the crude extract of the fruit of Terminalia billerica. Then, a macroporous resin column chromatography method was developed for the enrichment of these seven antioxidants. Finally, an efficient method based on high‐speed counter‐current chromatography and preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography was developed for the separation of these antioxidants. In the selection of solvent systems, it was found that acetic acid could be a good regulator for modifying the partition coefficient values of tannins. The present study provides a reference for systematic separation of antioxidants from crude samples. Considering the general existence of antioxidants in crude samples, this combined chromatographic strategy might lead to broader application prospects.
Hot tops, cold bottoms: Synergistic climate warming and shielding effects increase carbon burial in lakes
Authors: Bartosiewicz Maciej , Przytulska Anna , Lapierre Jean‐François , Laurion Isabelle , Lehmann Moritz F. , Maranger Roxane 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, we challenge the notion that global warming stimulates organic matter mineralization and increases greenhouse gas emissions in lakes via direct temperature effects. We show that the interactive effects of warming and transparency loss due to eutrophication or browning overrides atmospheric warming alone. Thermal shielding enables a longer and more stable stratification that results in bottom‐water cooling, prolonged anoxia, and enhanced carbon preservation in a large proportion of global lakes. These effects are strongest in shallow lakes where an additional burial of 4.5 Tg C yr−1 increases current global estimates by 9%. Despite more burial, the net global warming potential of lakes will increase via enhanced methane production, related to prolonged periods of anoxia, rather than warming. Our understanding of how whole‐lake carbon cycling responds to climate change needs revision, as the synergistic influence of warming and transparency loss has much broader ecosystem level functional consequences.