bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cause-specific mortality in children and young adults with diabetes mellitus: A Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Svane Jesper , Lynge Thomas H , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Jespersen Thomas , Gislason Gunnar H , Risgaard Bjarke , Winkel Bo G , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
Persons with diabetes mellitus have increased all-cause mortality compared with the general population. Nationwide studies on causes of death and mortality among young persons with diabetes mellitus are sparse. The aim of this study was to examine all-cause and cause-specific mortality in children and young adults with and without diabetes.

Methods and results
The study population consisted of all persons in Denmark aged 1–35 years in 2000–2009 and 36–49 years in 2007–2009, which equals 27.1 million person-years. All 14,294 deaths in the 10-year period were included and cause of death was established based on information from autopsy reports and death certificates. The Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics was used to identify persons with type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. During the study period, which included 153,070 diabetic person-years, 669 (5% of all deceased) persons with diabetes mellitus died, of which 70% had type 1 and 30% had type 2 diabetes. Persons with diabetes mellitus had an all-cause mortality rate (ASMR) of 327 per 100,000 person-years compared with 74 per 100,000 person-years among persons without diabetes mellitus (ASMR ratio 4, p &lt; 0.001). The leading cause of death among persons with diabetes mellitus was cardiac diseases (n = 230, 34%) with an ASMR ratio of 8 (95% confidence interval 6–9).

Conclusions
Young persons with diabetes mellitus had four-fold increased all-cause mortality and eight-fold increased cardiovascular mortality compared with persons without diabetes mellitus. Focus on cardiovascular risk monitoring and management among young persons with diabetes mellitus is warranted to prevent premature death in diabetes mellitus.
Visual rehabilitation using video game stimulation for Stargardt disease
Authors: Ratra Dhanashree , Rakshit Archayeeta , Ratra Vineet 
Published: March 2019

Background: Stargardt disease, a common form of heredomacular degeneration, leads to severe vision loss. Video game play can act as a positive biofeedback to reinforce visual rehabilitation and fixation training. It can potentially lead to visual improvement. This study was done to explore the possibility of visual improvement using video game stimulation for visual rehabilitation in Stargardt disease. Methods: We evaluated eight patients with Stargardt disease who had nonatrophic retina surrounding the area of degeneration at the macula. They underwent extensive baseline testing to determine their Snellen visual acuity, pattern visual evoked potentials, retinal sensitivity, and fixation analysis with microperimetry, electroretinography, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and autofluorescence. They were given 40 h of training with video game play and re-evaluated on all the tests. Results: They showed both subjective and objective evidence of improvement in visual functions and vision-related tasks. Visual acuity (from 0.77 ± 0.29 to 0.71 ± 0.32 logMAR, p = 0.027), contrast sensitivity (from 1.28 ± 0.25 to 1.46 ± 0.17, p = 0.002), and fixation stability (log of bivariate contour ellipse area from 6.67 ± 0.52 to 5.85 ± 0.84, p = 0.022) improved significantly. The retinal sensitivity improved by 0.47 ± 3.39 dB ( p = 0.67). Stereopsis and pattern visual evoked potentials showed improvement. A low vision questionnaire documented subjective improvement. Conclusion: Visual stimulation by video game play can result in improvement in visual acuity, fixation pattern, and retinal sensitivity with improvement in vision-related tasks. It can serve as a simple rehabilitatory technique for patients with central vision loss due to Stargardt disease.
The Potential for pathogenicity was present in the ancestor of the Ascomycete subphylum Pezizomycotina
Authors: Sánchez-Rodríguez Aminael , Martens Cindy , Engelen Kristof , Van de Peer Yves , Marchal Kathleen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous studies in Ascomycetes have shown that the function of gene families of which the size is considerably larger in extant pathogens than in non-pathogens could be related to pathogenicity traits. However, by only comparing gene inventories in extant species, no insights can be gained into the evolutionary process that gave rise to these larger family sizes in pathogens. Moreover, most studies which consider gene families in extant species only tend to explain observed differences in gene family sizes by gains rather than by losses, hereby largely underestimating the impact of gene loss during genome evolution.

Results
In our study we used a selection of recently published genomes of Ascomycetes to analyze how gene family gains, duplications and losses have affected the origin of pathogenic traits. By analyzing the evolutionary history of gene families we found that most gene families with an enlarged size in pathogens were present in an ancestor common to both pathogens and non-pathogens. The majority of these families were selectively maintained in pathogenic lineages, but disappeared in non-pathogens. Non-pathogen-specific losses largely outnumbered pathogen-specific losses.

Conclusions
We conclude that most of the proteins for pathogenicity were already present in the ancestor of the Ascomycete lineages we used in our study. Species that did not develop pathogenicity seemed to have reduced their genetic complexity compared to their ancestors. We further show that expansion of gained or already existing families in a species-specific way is important to fine-tune the specificities of the pathogenic host-fungus interaction.
A multi-component intervention to sit less and move more in a contact centre setting: a feasibility study
Authors: Morris Abigail S. , Murphy Rebecca C. , Shepherd Sam O. , Healy Genevieve N. , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Graves Lee E. F. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Call agents spend ~ 90% of their working day seated, which may negatively impact health, productivity, and wellbeing. This study aimed to explore the acceptability and feasibility of a multi-component workplace intervention targeting increased activity and decreased prolonged sitting in the contact centre setting prior to a full-scale effectiveness trial.

Methods
An 8-week non-randomised pre-post feasibility study was conducted. Using a mixed methods approach, focus groups and interviews were thematically analysed to explore the acceptability and feasibility of key study phases, and provide context to agents’ process evaluation and survey responses. The multi-component intervention, conducted in a single call centre, included height-adjustable workstations, emails, education and training sessions, and support from team leaders and a workplace champion.

Results
Six (of 20) team leaders were recruited, with 17 of 84 call agents (78% female, 39.3 ± 11.9 years) completing baseline assessments and 13 completing follow-up. High workload influenced recruitment. Call agents perceived assessments as acceptable, though strategies are needed to enhance fidelity. Education sessions, height-adjustable workstations and emails were perceived as the most effective components; however, height-adjustable hot-desks were not perceived as feasible in this setting.

Conclusions
This study has identified unique, pragmatic considerations for conducting a multi-level, multi-component PA and SB intervention and associated evaluation in highly sedentary call agents in the challenging contact centre setting. The intervention was largely perceived positively, with call agents and team leaders describing numerous perceived positive effects on behavioural, health and work-related outcomes. Findings will be of value to researchers attempting to intervene in contact centres and will be used by the current authors to design a subsequent trial.
Delivery of integrated infectious disease control services under the new antenatal care guidelines: a service availability and readiness assessment of health facilities in Tanzania
Authors: Odjidja Emmanuel Nene , Gatasi Ghislaine , Duric Predrag 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Tanzania remains among the countries with the highest burden of infectious diseases (notably HIV, Malaria and Tuberculosis) during pregnancy. In response, the country adopted World Health Organization’s (WHO) latest antenatal care (ANC) guidelines which recommend comprehensive services including diagnostic screening and treatment for pregnant women during antenatal. However, as Tanzania makes efforts to scale up these services under the existing health system resources, it is crucial to understand its capacity to deliver these services in an integrated fashion. Using the WHO’s service availability and readiness assessment(SARA) framework, this study assesses the capacity of the Tanzanian Health System to provide integrated Malaria, Tuberculosis and HIV services.

Methods
Composite indicators of the five components of integration were constructed from primary datasets of the Tanzanian Service Provision Assessments (SPA) under the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) programs. Chi-squared analysis was conducted to determine the associations of each of the defined components and background characteristics of facilities/health workers. A logistic regression model was further used to explore strength of relationships between availability of service readiness components and a pregnant women’s receipt of HIV, Malaria and TB services by reporting adjusted odds ratios.

Results
Generally, capacity to integrate malaria services was significantly higher (72.3 95% CI 70.3–74.4 p = 0.02) compared to Tuberculosis (48.9 95% CI 48.4–50.7) and HIV (54.8 95% CI 53.1–56.9) services. Diagnostic capacity was generally higher than treatment commodities. Regarding the components of SARA integration, logistic regression found that the adjusted odds ratio of having all five components of integration and receiving integrated care was 1.9 (95% CI 0.8–2.7). Among these components, the strongest determinant (predictor) to pregnant women’s receipt of integrated care was having trained staff on site (AOR 2.6 95% CI 0.6–4.5).

Conclusion
Toward a successful integration of these services under the new WHO guidelines in Tanzania, efforts should be channelled into strengthening infectious disease care especially HIV and TB. Channelling investments into training of health workers (the strongest determinant to integrated care) is likely to result in positive outcomes for the pregnant woman and unborn child.
Prospective Multicenter Validation of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant 7 and Hormone Therapy Resistance in High-Risk Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The PROPHECY Study
Authors: Armstrong Andrew J. , Halabi Susan , Luo Jun , Nanus David M. , Giannakakou Paraskevi , Szmulewitz Russell Z. , Danila Daniel C. , Healy Patrick , Anand Monika , Rothwell Colin J. , Rasmussen Julia , Thornburg Blair , Berry William R. , Wilder Rhonda S. , Lu Changxue , Chen Yan , Silberstein John L. , Kemeny Gabor , Galletti Giuseppe , Somarelli Jason A. , Gupta Santosh , Gregory Simon G. , Scher Howard I. , Dittamore Ryan , Tagawa Scott T. , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , George Daniel J. 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) results in a truncated receptor, which leads to ligand-independent constitutive activation that is not inhibited by anti-androgen therapies, including abiraterone or enzalutamide. Given that previous reports suggested that circulating tumor cell (CTC) AR-V7 detection is a poor prognostic indicator for the clinical efficacy of secondary hormone therapies, we conducted a prospective multicenter validation study. PATIENTS AND METHODS PROPHECY ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02269982) is a multicenter, prospective-blinded study of men with high-risk mCRPC starting abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide treatment. The primary objective was to validate the prognostic significance of baseline CTC AR-V7 on the basis of radiographic or clinical progression free-survival (PFS) by using the Johns Hopkins University modified-AdnaTest CTC AR-V7 mRNA assay and the Epic Sciences CTC nuclear-specific AR-V7 protein assay. Overall survival (OS) and prostate-specific antigen responses were secondary end points. RESULTS We enrolled 118 men with mCRPC who were starting abiraterone or enzalutamide treatment. AR-V7 detection by both the Johns Hopkins and Epic AR-V7 assays was independently associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.1 to 3.3; P = .032] and 2.4 [95% CI, 1.1 to 5.1; P = .020], respectively) and OS (hazard ratio, 4.2 [95% CI, 2.1 to 8.5] and 3.5 [95% CI, 1.6 to 8.1], respectively) after adjusting for CTC number and clinical prognostic factors. Men with AR-V7–positive mCRPC had fewer confirmed prostate-specific antigen responses (0% to 11%) or soft tissue responses (0% to 6%). The observed percentage agreement between the two AR-V7 assays was 82%. CONCLUSION Detection of AR-V7 in CTCs by two blood-based assays is independently associated with shorter PFS and OS with abiraterone or enzalutamide, and such men with mCRPC should be offered alternative treatments.
Sense and need for power in schizophrenic patients
Authors: Kocur Dagna , Kwiatkowska Sławomira 
Published: March 2019

Cel pracyCelem badania była analiza poczucia władzy w relacjach z innymi, relacjach z lekarzem oraz analiza potrzeby władzy i wywierania wpływu a także poczucia umiejętności wywierania wpływu i sprawowania władzy wśród pacjentów cierpiących na schizofrenię. Analizie poddano także zależności wieku i płci porównując grupę badaną i kontrolną.MetodaGrupę badaną stanowiło 47 pacjentów z rozpoznaniem F20 (Schizofrenia). Do grupy kontrolnej zostały dobrane osoby pod kątem wieku i płci, niekorzystające z pomocy psychiatrycznej lub psychologicznej. W badaniu wykorzystano: Kwestionariusz Potrzeby Władzy i Wywierania Wpływu (Bennett, 1988), Skalę Poczucia Władzy (Anderson, John i Keltner, 2012) oraz rozszerzoną metryczkę.WynikiPacjenci cierpiący na schizofrenię charakteryzowali się niższym poczuciem władzy niż osoby zdrowe. Pacjenci uzyskali także niższe wyniki w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną w zakresie poczucia umiejętności sprawowania władzy i wywierania wpływu. Osoby cierpiące na schizofrenię miały istotnie wyższe poczucie władzy w relacjach ze swoim lekarzem niż ogólnie w relacjach z innymi osobami. Mężczyźni cierpiący na schizofrenię uzyskali niższe wyniki w zakresie poczucia władzy, poczucia umiejętności sprawowania władzy i wywierania wpływu oraz potrzeby wywierania wpływu w porównaniu z pozostałymi mężczyznami. W grupach kobiet nie zaobserwowano analogicznych różnic.WnioskiWyniki mogą zostać wykorzystane w terapii pacjentów cierpiących na schizofrenię, podczas analizy skuteczności terapii czy analizy relacji terapeutycznej.
Strengths in patients with schizophrenia and healthy people – similarities and differences
Authors: Rozya Paulina , Sawicka Maryla , Żochowska Agnieszka , Bronowski Paweł 
Published: March 2019

Cel pracyOcena mocnych stron charakteru osób ze schizofrenią i ich znaczenia w budowaniu satysfakcji z życia. Określenie różnic i podobieństw pod względem mocnych stron pomiędzy chorymi na schizofrenię a osobami zdrowymi.MetodaW badaniu wzięło udział 40 osób z rozpoznaną schizofrenią oraz 40 osób zdrowych. Każdego z uczestników zbadano: Kwestionariuszem Danych Społeczno-Demograficznych, Skalą Satysfakcji z Życia (SWLS), Kwestionariuszem do Pomiaru Mocnych Stron Charakteru (IPIP-VIA).WynikiOsoby chore osiągnęły istotnie niższe od osób zdrowych wyniki pod względem takich mocnych stron, jak: nadzieja, humor, samoregulacja, przynależność, przywództwo, zdolność do kochania, życzliwość, inteligencja społeczno-emocjonalna, waleczność, pracowitość, spójność, werwa, ciekawość, pasja zdobywania wiedzy, szerokie horyzonty umysłowe oraz pod względem satysfakcji z życia. Nie odnotowano między zdrowymi i chorymi różnic w zakresie oryginalności, rozsądku, uczciwości, umiejętności przebaczania i okazywania litości, skromności i pokorze, roztropności, podziwie dla piękna, wdzięczności, duchowości. Istotne związki z satysfakcją z życia w grupie osób ze schizofrenią dotyczyły: poczucia wdzięczności, nadziei, humoru, duchowości, samoregulacji, zdolności do kochania, inteligencji społeczno-emocjonalnej, waleczności, werwy, oryginalności, ciekawości, rozsądku i szerokich horyzontów umysłowych. U osób zdrowych satysfakcja z życia wiązała się jedynie z nadzieją i zdolnością do kochania.WnioskiOsoby chore na schizofrenię różnią się od osób zdrowych pod względem 15 mocnych stron, których niższy poziom może tłumaczyć ich trudności w funkcjonowaniu społecznym. Są również mniej zadowolone ze swojego życia. Z przeżywaniem satysfakcji z życia u osób chorych wiąże się złożona konfiguracja mocnych stron. Być może mocne strony różniące osoby chore od zdrowych są istotniejsze w budowaniu zadowolenia z życia niż te, które są podobne.
The Occurrence of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) – Systematic Review
Authors: Czyż-Szypenbejl Katarzyna , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta , Kwiecień-Jaguś Katarzyna , Lewandowska Katarzyna 
Published: March 2019

WstępCelem tego systematycznego przeglądu było podsumowanie obecnej literatury na temat upośledzenia funkcji poznawczych u osób dorosłych po zabiegach operacyjnych.Materiał i metodyPrześledzono bazy MEDLINE: PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, EBSCO, używając odpowiednich słów kluczowych. Dokonano przeglądu literatury na temat zaburzeń poznawczych po zabiegach operacyjnych oraz analizy czynników ryzyka wystąpienia POCD.WynikiPrześledzono wyniki z siedmiu artykułów opisujących badania neuropsychologiczne 2796 pacjen-tów. Testy przeprowadzane były w bardzo krótkim czasie od zabiegu (7 dni), krótkim czasie (3 miesięcy) oraz odległej perspektywie (12 – 60 miesięcy). POCD w bardzo krótkim czasie po operacji występowało z różną częstością: od 17 do 56% z tendencją do ustępowania w miarę upływu czasu (3 – 34,2%). Zidentyfikowano czynniki ryzyka POCD: zaawansowany wiek, insuliooporność, krótki okres kształcenia. Rodzaj operacji, znieczulenia oraz mikrozatorowość związana z użyciem CPB nie wpływają na występowanie POCD.WnioskiPatomechanizm powstawania pooperacyjnych zaburzeń poznawczych nie jest do końca znany, jed-nak wydaje się, że należy skupić uwagę na poszukiwaniu pozaproceduralnych czynników ryzyka oraz opracować zalecenia postępowania okołooperacyjnego, co mogłoby być korzystne dla pacjen-tów zagrożonych upośledzeniem funkcji poznawczych po zabiegach operacyjnych.
Differences in subjective quality of life of people with a schizophrenia diagnosis between participants in Occupational Therapy Workshops and those working in a Sheltered Employment Establishment
Authors: Cichocki Łukasz , Arciszewska Aleksandra , Błądziński Piotr , Hat Marta , Kalisz Aneta , Cechnicki Andrzej 
Published: March 2019

Cel pracyCelem badań było porównanie przebiegu choroby u osób chorujących na schizofrenię zatrudnionych w Zakładzie Aktywizacji Zawodowej "Pensjonat u pana Cogito" (ZAZ) oraz uczestniczących w Warsztatach Terapii Zajęciowej (WTZ), ze szczególnym naciskiem na jakość życia (JŻ) oraz analiza związków pomiędzy JŻ a funkcjonowaniem ogólnym, społecznym i poznawczym, stanem psychopatologicznym oraz wglądem w obu grupach.MetodaW badaniu wzięło udział 52 osoby, 22 pracujące w ZAZ i 27 uczestników WTZ. Wykorzystano: kwestionariusz do badania JŻ - the LQoLP Olivera, skalę PANSS, GAF, SOFAS, testy poznawcze MoCA, RAVLT i RHLB, a także kwestionariusz wglądu „Moje Myśli i Odczucia”.WynikiStwierdzono obecność różnic między grupami na korzyść grupy ZAZ w takich obszarach subiektywnej JŻ jak: relacje rodzinne (p≤0,05), zdrowie somatyczne (p≤0,05), poczucie własnej wartości (p≤0,05). W grupie pracującej JŻ korelowała ujemnie z objawami dystresu a dodatnio z ogólnym wglądem w objawy, a w grupie poddanej rehabilitacji korelowała ujemnie z funkcjami poznawczymi a dodatnio z wglądem jako reakcją na informacje z otoczenia.WnioskiPodjęcie i utrzymanie pracy w firmie społecznej przez osoby chorujące na schizofrenię przekłada się na lepsze wyniki w istotnych obszarach jakości życia jakimi są relacje rodzinne, ogólna sytuacja zdrowotna i poczucie własnej wartości. Gorsza JŻ jest powiązana z nasileniem objawów, szczególnie depresyjnych. Osoby zatrudnione w ZAZ czerpały większą korzyść z samodzielnej kontroli objawów, podczas gdy u uczestników WTZ ważną rolę odgrywały osoby trzecie.
Analisis Premi Asuransi Jiwa Menggunakan Model Cox Proportional Hazard
Authors: Fajarini Firda Anisa , Fatekurohman Mohamat 
Published: March 2019

<p>Cox proportional hazard model is a regression model that is used to see the factors that cause an event. The survival analysis used in this research is the period of time the client is able to pay the life insurance premium using Cox proportional hazard model with Breslow method.The purpose of this research is to know how sex, age, insured money, job, method of payment of premium, premium, and type of product can influence the level of ability of client to make payment of life insurance premium based on customer data from PT. BRI Life Insurance Branch of Jember in 2007.The result of this research is the final model of Cox proportional hazard obtained from several variables which have significant influence with simultaneous and partial significance test is the variable of insured money (<em>X<sub>3</sub></em>), variable of payment method of premium (<em>X<sub>5</sub></em>), premium variable (<em>X<sub>6</sub></em>) , and insurance product variable (<em>X<sub>7</sub></em>) . The four variables are said to have a significant effect on the model, so that the final model of Cox proportional hazard is obtained that consists of the parameter estimation (<em>β</em>) value of each variable</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong><strong> : </strong>survival analysis; cox proportional hazard model; breslow method; life insurance.</p>
American Horror Story: Capital, counterculture, and the freak
Authors: Costa Stevi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The tagline for Ryan Murphy’s American Horror Story: Freak Show (AHS: Freak Show) is ‘Wir Sind Alle Freaks’, a German phrase that clearly signals the show’s ‘freaktopic’ intention. ‘We are all freaks’ introduces a narrative that promises to collapse boundaries between the self and other, allowing viewers to see themselves as more like the freakish characters at the heart of Elsa Mars’ Cabinet of Curiosities than the outsiders threatening their lives. However, this invitation, combined with the narrative focus on normate characters instead invokes the countercultural appropriation of ‘freak’ as an anti-establishment rebellion. These narratives provide not a ‘freaktopia’, but rather an escape, both temporary and permanent, from ‘normative’ values for non-freakish characters, and an outright rejection of those norms. While this choice seems in some ways informed by contemporary notions of social justice, access, and inclusion, in which the ‘normative’ characters act in alliance with their underprivileged ‘freak’ peers, Ryan Murphy’s AHS: Freak Show ultimately troubles its very tagline. Through an analysis of the AHS: Freak Show’s narrative structures surrounding capital, family, and consumption, I argue that the myth of a ‘freaktopia’ collapses under the weight of its own neo-liberal dream, and is ultimately consumed by mainstream capital.