bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular evolution in small steps under prevailing negative selection – A nearly-universal rule of codon substitution
Authors: Chen Qingjian , Lan Ao , Shen Xu , Wu Chung-I 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe widely accepted view that evolution proceeds in small steps is based on two premises: i) negative selection acts strongly against large differences (Kimura 1983); and ii) positive selection favors small-step changes (Fisher 1930). The two premises are not biologically connected and should be evaluated separately. We now extend the approach of Tang et al. (2004) to codon evolution for the entire genome. Codon substitution rate is a function of the physico-chemical distance between amino acids (AAs), equated with the step size of evolution. This step size depends on a large number of physico-chemical properties as 46 of the 48 properties examined affect the rate. Between 9 pairs of closely-related species of plants, invertebrates and vertebrates, the evolutionary rate is indeed strongly andnegativelycorrelated with the AA distance (ΔU, scaled to [0, 1]). While the analyses corroborate the published results that relied on partial genomes, there is an important difference: ΔUis strongly correlated with the evolutionary rate (R2> 0.8) only when the genes are under predominant negative selection. Nevertheless, since most genes in most taxa are strongly constrained by negative selection, ΔUwould appear to be a nearly-universal measure of codon evolution. In conclusion, the driving force of the small-step evolution at the codon level is negative selection. The unanswered question of whether positive selection may, or may not, follow the small-step rule will be addressed in a companion study (Chen, et al. 2019).
Fundamental Law of Memory Recall
Authors: Naim Michelangelo , Katkov Mikhail , Romani Sandro , Tsodyks Misha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFree recall of random lists of words is a standard paradigm used to probe human memory. We proposed an associative search process that can be reduced to a deterministic walk on random graphs defined by the structure of memory representations. The corresponding graph model is different from the ones considered in the past but still can be solved analytically, resulting in a novel parameter-free prediction for the average number of memory items recalled (RC) out of M items in memory: . This prediction was verified with a specially designed experimental protocol combining large-scale crowd-sourced free recall and recognition experiments with randomly assembled lists of words or common facts. Our theoretical and experimental results indicate that memory recall operates according to a stereotyped search process common to all people.
Mitochondrial Ca2+influences photoresponse recovery, metabolism, and mitochondrial localization in cone photoreceptors
Authors: Hutto Rachel A. , Bisbach Celia M. , Abbas Fatima , Brock Daniel , Cleghorn Whitney M. , Parker Edward D. , Bauer Benjamin , Ge William , Vinberg Frans , Hurley James B. , Brockerhoff Susan E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMitochondrial Ca2+regulates key cellular processes including cytosolic Ca2+signals, energy production, and susceptibility to apoptosis. Photoreceptors are specialized neurons that have extraordinarily high energy demands and rely on cytosolic Ca2+signals for light adaptation and neurotransmission. Here we show that unlike other neurons zebrafish cone photoreceptors express low levels of the mitochondrial Ca2+uniporter (MCU), the channel that allows mitochondrial Ca2+entry. To determine why MCU expression is kept low, we overexpressed MCU specifically in cones. This increases mitochondrial [Ca2+], causes faster cytosolic Ca2+clearance, and accelerates photoresponse recovery. Moreover, flux through the citric acid cycle increases despite dramatic changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure and localization. Remarkably, cones survive this ongoing stress until late adulthood. Our findings demonstrate the importance of tuning mitochondrial Ca2+influx to modulate physiological and metabolic processes and reveal a novel directed movement of abnormal mitochondria in photoreceptors.
Molecular evolution in large steps - Codon substitutions under positive selection
Authors: Chen Qingjian , He Ziwen , Lan Ao , Wen Haijun , Wu Chung-I 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMolecular evolution is believed to proceed in small steps. The step size can be defined by a distance reflecting physico-chemical disparities between amino acid (AA) pairs that can be exchanged by single 1 bp mutations. We show that AA substitution rates are strongly and negatively correlated with this distance but only when positive selection is relatively weak. We use the McDonald and Kreitman (MK) test to separate the influences of positive and negative selection. While negative selection is indeed stronger on AA substitutions generating larger changes in chemical properties of amino acids, positive selection operates by different rules. For 65 of the 75 possible pairs, positive selection is comparable in strength regardless of AA distance. However, the 10 pairs under the strongest positive selection all exhibit large leaps in chemical properties. Five of the 10 pairs are shared between hominoids andDrosophila, thus hinting at a common but modest biochemical basis of adaptation across taxa. The hypothesis that adaptive changes often take large functional steps will need to be extensively tested. If validated, molecular models will need to better integrate positive and negative selection in the search for adaptive signal.
Demographic and genetic structure of a severely fragmented population of the endangered hog deer (Axis porcinus) in the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Angom Sangeeta , Tuboi Chongpi , Ullah Mirza Ghazanfar , Hussain Syed Ainul 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe population of the globally endangered hog deer (Axis porcinus) has declined severely across its geographic range. Intensive monitoring of its demographic and genetic status is necessary. Northeast India is a stronghold of the species; however, in recent years the population has been getting fragmented, and it is vulnerable to extinction. We examined the demographic and genetic structure of a small hog deer population in the floating meadows of Keibul Lamjao National Park (KLNP), located on the western fringe of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot for conservation planning. We used a double-observer distance sampling method to derive the hog deer abundance and population structure. We also derived the genetic diversity of the population through microsatellite screening and bottleneck detection. Our study revealed that the abundance of the deer in the park was 1.82–4.32 individuals/km2. The adult male to female ratio and fawn to doe ratio were 36.2 ± 1.9 males/100 females and 16.5 ± 0.4 fawns/100 females, respectively. The mean number of alleles at 23 loci was 2.70 ± 0.18, the observed heterozygosity (HO) ranged from 0.26 to 0.63 (mean 0.42 ± 0.02), the expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.23 to 0.73 (χ = 0.51 ± 0.03), and the polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.2 to 0.67 (χ = 0.43 ± 0.03). The observed allelic distribution reveals that the population has not encountered any genetic bottleneck in the recent past. Although the population is declining, it still retains some rare alleles, and the genetic diversity is 50%. This diversity will probably not affect the short-term population growth but may affect the evolutionary potential by limiting the selection flexibility. Conservation measures coupled with a scientifically sound management regime may help the persistence of the population in the region at a time when the population still retains rare alleles and maintains reproductive fitness.
Green innovation and performance: moderation analyses from Thailand
Authors: Tariq Adeel , Badir Yuosre , Chonglerttham Supasith 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of green product innovation performance (GPIP) on a firm’s financial performance (i.e. a firm’s profitability and risk). In addition, it has adopted the resource-based view and contingency theory to explore how GPIP and a firm’s financial performance relationship is manifested when subject to the moderating role of a firm’s market resource intensity and certain environmental factors, such as technological turbulence and market turbulence.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 202 publicly listed Thai manufacturing firms. This research has used hierarchical regression analyses to empirically test the proposed research hypotheses.FindingsThe findings reveal that GPIP exerts a significant influence on a firm’s financial performance, i.e. higher the GPIP, higher the firm’s profitability and lower the firm’s financial risk. Moreover, findings support the theoretical assertions that the higher level of market resource intensity, market turbulence and technological turbulence further strengthens GPIP and a firm’s financial performance relationship.Originality/valueBy considering the independent moderating role of market resource intensity, market turbulence and technological turbulence, this research has contributed to reconcile the previously disparate findings regarding the GPIP and a firm’s financial performance relationship. Moreover, this research has highlighted the role of the essential moderators that business managers must understand and adjust to capitalize on and achieve superior financial performance.
Does positive relationship exist between bank mergers
and asset turnover?
Authors: Yusuf Hassan , Raimi Lukman 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
This study aims to examine the nature of relationship that exists between
merger and acquisition (M&A) and banks’ asset turnover (AT)
following M&As that took place during the 2004 and 2008 banking
sector reforms.

Design/methodology/approach
Considering the fact that this study is empirical, the authors adopted the
quantitative research method relying on financial industry data. Being a
matched-sample comparison, the study evaluated whether the merged banks
outperformed the stand-alone banks as a result of their involvement in
M&As. Using data extracted from the annual financial reports of the
banks, mean AT ratios were computed. Chow test for structural break, paired
sample and independent sample t-tests were performed on the
mean AT ratios to gauge the impact of M&A.

Findings
The findings suggest that there is no positive relationship between
M&A and banks’ AT as either the AT ratios of the banks
deteriorated or at best, did not improve significantly. Furthermore, the
evidence suggests that the stand-alone banks outperformed the merged banks
following M&As in Nigeria.

Practical implications
The major practical implication of this empirical study is that M&A
has not been able to solve the fundamental problems of banks in Nigeria.
Apart from improving their liquidity constraints, the unresolved problems of
banks in Nigeria include poor corporate governance compliance, poor credit
risk management policy and ineffective allocation of capital to
businesses.

Originality/value
This study supports the Keynesian argument for effective regulation
supervision and control of the economy in general and financial
institutions.
What remains to be discovered? Manifesto for researching the interactive business world
Authors: Waluszewski Alexandra , Snehota Ivan , La Rocca Antonella 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to summarise the key findings of the industrial marketing and purchasing (IMP) research – especially for those who are unaware or unfamiliar with this research community – and above all, to point at some directions of development.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors draw on IMP research studies.

Findings
The authors identify three avenues for further research. The first is related to the need for a sharper, more elaborated and nuanced pictures of the business world, which is in a state of continuous evolution. Second, to present research on business movements from new angles and elaborate sequences of effects and larger patterns of change, there is a need for methodological and conceptual development. The third avenue for further research concerns the provision of normative recommendations to business and policymakers on how to cope with, and make use of, interactivity and interdependences.

Originality/value
The authors outline the areas in which they currently see the greatest “need for better understanding”, aware of the limits in what they know.
What drives omnichannel shopping behaviors?
Authors: Kang Ju-Young M. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the interrelationships among fashion lifestyle of social-local-mobile (SoLoMo) consumers as individual characteristics, perceptions of the value of showrooming and webrooming and omnichannel shopping intention as choice/purchase behavior, and product review sharing intention as a post-purchase behavior.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were 601 SoLoMo consumers who were drawn from a US consumer panel. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized model.FindingsThis study found that SoLoMo consumers’ perceptions of the value of showrooming and webrooming were antecedents of their omnichannel shopping intention, which had an influence on their intention to share product reviews. SoLoMo consumers’ brand prestige-based fashion lifestyle did not affect the perceived value of webrooming and had a negative influence on perceived value of showrooming. SoLoMo consumers’ information-based and practicality-based fashion lifestyles affected the perceived value of showrooming and webrooming. Interestingly, SoLoMo consumers’ personality-based fashion lifestyle did not have an influence on the perceived value of showrooming and webrooming.Originality/valueThis study provides the theoretical understanding of the interrelationships among SoLoMo consumers’ fashion lifestyle, perceived value, omnichannel shopping intention and product review sharing intention. This proposed model offers fashion retailers useful insights regarding the development of efficient omnichannel strategies based on SoLoMo consumers’ individual characteristics and perceptions. Finally, the results of this study engender important literature and knowledge related to omnichannel retailing and marketing.
Predicting delays in lung cancer diagnosis and staging
Authors: Leiro‐Fernández Virginia , Mouronte‐Roibás Cecilia , García‐Rodríguez Esmeralda , Botana‐Rial Maribel , Ramos‐Hernández Cristina , Torres‐Durán María , Ruano‐Raviña Alberto , Fernández‐Villar Alberto ,   On behalf of the Lung Cancer Group at the Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital in Vigo
Published: January 2019

BackgroundDespite growing interest in increasing the efficiency and speed of the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of lung cancer (LC), the interval from signs and symptoms to diagnosis and treatment remains longer than recommended. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that cause delays in the LC diagnosis/staging process and, consequently, delays in making therapeutic decisions.MethodsWe analyzed audit data from a prospective dataset of 1330 patients assessed at The Lung Cancer Rapid Diagnostic Unit from 26 June 2013 to 26 March 2016. The number and type of procedures and medical tests and the times of all procedures were recorded. Clinical and epidemiological variables and whether the diagnosis was performed on an inpatient or outpatient basis were also recorded.ResultsMalignancy was confirmed in 737 (55.4%) of the 1330 patients, with LC in 627 of these (85.2%). The mean interval to final diagnosis was 19.8 ± 13.9 days. Variables significantly related to a longer diagnostic time were the number of days until computed tomography (CT) was performed (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.347, 1.103–1.645; P = 0.003), until a histology sample was obtained (OR 1.243, 95% CI1.062–1.454; P = 0.007), and the total number of tests performed during the diagnostic and staging process (OR 1.823, 95% CI 1.046–3.177; P = 0.03).ConclusionsA greater number of tests and more days to CT and histology led to longer delay times. Optimization of these factors should reduce delays in the LC diagnosis process.
Pre‐operative respiratory optimisation: an expert review
Authors: Lumb A. B. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPostoperative pulmonary complications are common and cause increased mortality and hospital stay. Smoking and respiratory diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnoea are associated with developing postoperative pulmonary complications. Independent risk factors for such complications also include low pre‐operative oxygen saturation, or a recent respiratory infection. Postponing surgery in patients who have respiratory infections or inadequately treated respiratory disease, until these can be fully treated, should, therefore, reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. There is evidence from several studies that pre‐operative smoking cessation reduces such complications, with no agreed duration at which the benefits become significant; the longer the abstinence, the greater the benefit. Intensive smoking cessation programmes are more effective, and there are long‐term benefits, as many patients become permanent non‐smokers following their surgery. Supervised exercise programmes normally last 6–8 weeks, and although they reduce overall complications, the evidence of benefit for postoperative pulmonary complications is mixed. High‐intensity interval training can improve fitness in just 2 weeks, and so may be more useful for surgical patients. Specific respiratory pre‐operative interventions, such as deep breathing exercises and incentive spirometry, can help when used as components of a package of respiratory care. Pre‐operative inspiratory muscle training programmes that involve inspiration against a predetermined respiratory load may also reduce some postoperative pulmonary complications. Pre‐operative exercise programmes are recommended for patients having major surgery, or in those where pre‐operative testing has shown low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness; interval training or respiratory interventions are more feasible as these reduce complications after a shorter pre‐operative intervention.
The challenges to trust‐based governance in the European Union: Assessing the use of mutual trust as a driver of EU integration
Authors: Rizcallah Cecilia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe principle of mutual trust constitutes a vital parameter for integration within the EU. In allowing Member States to open up to each other despite their legal diversities, this principle is an attractive tool in governance for achieving a borderless European area without going through the unification of the various national laws. The analysis of the consequences of mutual trust in the internal market and in the AFSJ shows that it enables Member States to exercise, to a certain degree, their prescriptive and enforcement powers extraterritorially throughout the whole European area. While the objective of enabling integration without jeopardising national autonomy is beyond doubt legitimate, this trust‐based governance raises several challenges. Integration by means of mutual trust may be problematic with regard to concerns such as national sovereignty, democratic legitimacy, the protection of individual prerogatives, state liability and the duty of public authorities to protect the public interest.
Frequency of ABO/Rhesus (D) blood groupings and ethnic distribution in the Greater‐Accra region of Ghana, towards effective blood bank inventory
Authors: Doku George Narh , Agbozo William Kweku , Annor Rabia Asiba , Kisseh Gladis Doeyo , Owusu Matilda Ampomah 
Published: January 2019

AbstractKnowledge on blood group phenotypes is of key importance in clinical practice. It used in blood transfusion practice to determine the direction of recruitment of voluntary donors as required for each population within a country, and for disease association and population genetics studies. This study aimed at reporting the frequency of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) groups in the population of the Greater‐Accra region of Ghana and amongst their various ethnic groups. A retrospective study in 11 main hospitals within the region was done. Data collected provided information on the blood group status of persons (both blood donors and recipients) who visited the selected hospitals. Medical records used were within the years 2012–2017. A total of 42,317 (26,802 males and 15,515 females) data were retrieved and analysed. The frequencies of the blood groups O, A, B and AB were 50.0%, 24.3%, 20.7% and 5.0%, respectively. Rhesus‐positive to negative ratio was 93.2%/6.2%. Frequencies of blood group O was highest (49.1%–53.6%) in all ethnic groups. The second most dominant blood group was B (24.2%–25.4%) in the Ga‐Adamgbe, Akan and Ewe ethnic groups, whilst blood group A (25.0%–26.9%) was the second most dominant in the Northerners and non‐Ghanaians. Blood group distribution amongst gender and different age groups showed no significant differences but followed the same pattern for the general population. The study provides data on the ethnic distribution and frequency of ABO and Rhesus blood groupings in the Greater‐Accra region of Ghana. It also informs the need for blood banks in the region to increase the proportion of stockpiled Rhesus‐positive blood groups especially for O, B and A that may be high in demand.
A variable neighborhood search heuristic algorithm for the double vehicle routing problem with multiple stacks
Authors: Chagas Jonatas B. C. , Silveira Ulisses E. F. , Santos André G. , Souza Marcone J. F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper addresses the double vehicle routing problem with multiple stacks (DVRPMS) in which a fleet of vehicles must collect items in a pickup region and then travel to a delivery region where all items are delivered. The load compartment of all vehicles is divided into rows (horizontal stacks) of fixed profundity (horizontal heights), and on each row, the unloading process must respect the last‐in‐first‐out policy. The objective of the DVRPMS is to find optimal routes visiting all pickup and delivery points while ensuring the feasibility of the vehicle loading plans. We propose a new integer linear programming formulation, which was useful to find inconsistencies in the results of exact algorithms proposed in the literature, and a variable neighborhood search based algorithm that was able to find solutions with same or higher quality in shorter computational time for most instances when compared to the methods already present in the literature.