bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GNAQ Negatively Regulates Antiviral Innate Immune Responses in a Calcineurin-Dependent Manner
Authors: Wang Ning , Huang Hongjun , Xiong Qingqing , Chen Naiyang , Xi Nanxi , Wu Peilun , Liu Mingyao , Qian Min , Wang Qin , Du Bing 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Although guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)–coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest cell surface membrane receptor family and transduce thousands of extracellular signals into the cytoplasm, only four kinds of G protein α subunits (Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, and Gα12/13) are coupled to regulate cAMP or phosphatidylinositol signals. Growing evidence suggests that viruses tend to hijack GPCRs and harness their activated intracellular signaling pathways. Thus, understanding the roles of G protein signaling will further uncover the GPCR signaling pathways that are exploited by viruses. In this study, we demonstrate that the expression of GNAQ (Gq α subunit) was downregulated during viral infection and that small interfering RNA–mediated GNAQ knockdown protected host cells from both vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and HSV type 1 infection. Meanwhile, VSV and HSV type 1 replication was reduced significantly in Gnaq-deficient macrophages. Accordingly, the VSV distribution in the liver, spleen, and lung was reduced in Gnaq-deficient mice during VSV infection, and Gnaq-deficient mice were much more resistant to VSV infection than wild-type mice. Mechanistically, GNAQ limits type I IFN production through the canonical PLC-β/Ca2+/CALNA signaling pathway, which has been demonstrated to dephosphorylate virus-activated TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Thus, our data demonstrate that GNAQ negatively regulates the antiviral innate immune responses in a calcineurin-dependent manner. These findings also provide insights into the function and cross-talk of the classic GPCR signaling pathway with antiviral innate immune responses and suggest a potential therapeutic role for GNAQ in controlling viral diseases.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk by Season Period and Competition Segment: An Analysis of National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Data
Authors: Anderson Travis , Wasserman Erin B. , Shultz Sandra J. 
Published: July 2019

Context
Although fatigue has been implicated in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, few researchers have examined the timing of injury across a competitive sport season or within a competitive session to gain insight into the potential effects of fatigue on the incidence of ACL injury.

Objective
To identify the time segments across a competitive season or within an individual competition associated with the greatest ACL injury incidence.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods
Data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program for 2004–2005 through 2015–2016 for basketball, lacrosse, and soccer were analyzed. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) compared ACL injury rates by sport, sex, season segment, and competition period. Poisson regression was used to examine the associations between each of these categories and the incidence of ACL injury as well as interaction effects.

Results
During the early regular season, the incidence rate was elevated relative to the preseason (IRR = 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27, 2.74), middle regular season (IRR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.15), late regular season (IRR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.08, 2.27), and postseason (IRR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.06, 4.56). A sport-by-season interaction indicated this effect was largely attributable to a higher incidence in the early season among lacrosse athletes. An interaction between season segment and competition period (P = .02) revealed a greater injury incidence before halftime in the early regular season (IRR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.19, 0.76), but a greater incidence after halftime in the late regular season (IRR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.15, 5.02). Fewer noncontact injuries occurred in soccer than in basketball or lacrosse.

Conclusions
The ACL injury incidence was higher in the early part of the regular season, particularly among lacrosse athletes. Although the injury incidences before and after halftime were similar, further analyses of player time and time of injury within each half are necessary. Coaches and practitioners should be cognizant of the elevated injury incidence during the early season among lacrosse athletes. Future authors should consider more specific analyses to further elucidate the potential role of fatigue development in exacerbating the incidence of ACL injury in collegiate athletes both within games and across the season.
Effect of strong ground motion duration on the expected peak values of floor response spectra in elastic buildings
Authors: Kaneko Kensaku 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNonstructural components (eg, suspended ceilings, equipment, and piping systems) resonate with buildings and could suffer severe damage during strong earthquakes. The aim of the present study is to evaluate resonance properties based on the duration of ground motions for elastic nonstructural components. First, it is theoretically shown that the value of the dynamic amplification ratio (DAR) of nonstructural components can be bounded to a certain domain according to the extent of structural damping. Second, we propose a direct method for evaluating the expected value of the DAR, which does not require a time‐history analysis, using distinct dimensionless values related to structural properties and earthquake ground motions. Finally, the proposed estimation method is statistically verified based on time‐history analysis using thousands of recorded ground motions.
A Generic Coordination Assembly‐Enabled Nanocoating of Individual Tumor Cells for Personalized Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Chen Zuoguan , Zhang Chao , Zhang Chuangnian , Ma Guilei , Yang Jing , Wei Xiaoqing , Sun Hongfan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA generic and effective tumor cells encapsulation strategy enabled by metal–organic coordination is developed to prepare a vaccine for personalized immunotherapy. Specifically, an epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG)‐Al(III) coordination layer is in situ formed onto individual living cells in aqueous phase and the process can be completed within an hour. 98% of proteins in the cells are entrapped within the microparticles, which are endowed with high antigens loading capacity. The microparticles enhance the uptake efficiency of antigens, protect antigens from degradation in vivo, and delay the retention time of antigens in the lymph nodes. Moreover, dendritic cells (DCs) activation is triggered by the microparticles, and simultaneously, the expression of costimulation marker on DCs and the production of Th1‐related cytokines are significantly upregulated. Moreover, six kinds of tumor cells are utilized and successfully coated with the EGCG/Al(III) layer, suggesting the generalization of this strategy. More importantly, the microparticles exhibit a comparative antitumor effect with polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (PolyI:C) in B16 pulmonary metastasis model. Overall, the encapsulation strategy enabled by metal–organic coordination can be potentially useful for personalized immunotherapy customized to individual patient's tumor cells.
Understanding the Potential of 2D Ga2O3 in Flexible Optoelectronic Devices: Impact of Uniaxial Strain and Electric Field
Authors: Guo Rui , Su Jie , Lin Zhenhua , Zhang Junjing , Qin Yu , Zhang Jincheng , Chang Jingjing , Hao Yue 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe discovery of two‐dimensional (2D) Ga2O3 has provided an effective way to further tune the performance of β‐Ga2O3. Understanding the effects of strain and electric field (E‐field) on 2D Ga2O3 is helpful to explore the mechanism and potential application in the flexible device. Here, transport and optical properties of monolayer Ga2O3 under uniaxial strain and E‐field are investigated. An indirect‐to‐direct band‐gap‐transition occurs under uniaxial tension due to the different variation of π bonding at the valence bands. The band‐gap exhibits a parabolic variation character from compression to tension, and relates to the direction of uniaxial strain. Interestingly, the transport characters are sensitive to the direction of uniaxial strain, and both compression and tension along b direction enhance the mobility of monolayer Ga2O3, which is inconsistent with that of electron effective mass. The mobility of tensile monolayer Ga2O3 can be enlarged to 48368.14 cm2V−1s−1, different to that of 2D layered materials. Interestingly, the ultra‐visible absorption coefficients are just enhanced significantly by compression along c direction. Upon monolayer Ga2O3 undergoes large E‐field (>0.5 eV Å−1), the band‐gap and anisotropic transport property decreases and even vanishes. The results are useful to reveal the mechanisms and potential of 2D Ga2O3 in the flexible devices.
Highly Effective and Noninvasive Near‐Infrared Eradication of a Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm on Implants by a Photoresponsive Coating within 20 Min
Authors: Li Mu , Li Liqian , Su Kun , Liu Xiangmei , Zhang Tianjin , Liang Yanqin , Jing Doudou , Yang Xianjin , Zheng Dong , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Zheng Yufeng , Wang Xianbao , Wu Shuilin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiofilms have been related to the persistence of infections on medical implants, and these cannot be eradicated because of the resistance of biofilm structures. Therefore, a biocompatible phototherapeutic system is developed composed of MoS2, IR780 photosensitizer, and arginine–glycine–aspartic acid–cysteine (RGDC) to safely eradicate biofilms on titanium implants within 20 min. The magnetron‐sputtered MoS2 film possesses excellent photothermal properties, and IR780 can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the irradiation of near‐infrared (NIR, λ = 700–1100 nm) light. Consequently, the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), assisted by glutathione oxidation accelerated by NIR light, can provide synergistic and rapid killing of bacteria, i.e., 98.99 ± 0.42% eradication ratio against a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vivo within 20 min, which is much greater than that of PTT or PDT alone. With the assistance of ROS, the permeability of damaged bacterial membranes increases, and the damaged bacterial membranes become more sensitive to heat, thus accelerating the leakage of proteins from the bacteria. In addition, RGDC can provide excellent biosafety and osteoconductivity, which is confirmed by in vivo animal experiments.
Programmed Design of a Lithium–Sulfur Battery Cathode by Integrating Functional Units
Authors: Zeng Zhipeng , Li Wei , Wang Qiang , Liu Xingbo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSulfur is considered to be one of the most promising cathode materials due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low cost. However, the insulating nature of sulfur and notorious “shuttle effect” of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) lead to severe loss of active sulfur, poor redox kinetics, and rapid capacity fade. Herein, a hierarchical electrode design is proposed to address these issues synchronously, which integrates multiple building blocks with specialized functions into an ensemble to construct a self‐supported versatile cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries. Nickel foam acts as a robust conductive scaffold. The heteroatom‐doped host carbon with desired lithiophilicity and electronic conductivity serving as a reservoir for loading sulfur can trap LiPSs and promote electron transfer to interfacial adsorbed LiPSs and Ni3S2 sites. The sulfurized carbon nanofiber forest can facilitate the Li‐ion and electron transport and retard the LiPSs diffusion as a barrier layer. Sulfiphilic Ni3S2 acts as both a chemical anchor with strong adsorption affinity to LiPSs and an efficient electrocatalyst for accelerating kinetics for redox conversion reactions. Synergistically, all functional units promote the lithium ion coupled electron transfer for binding and redox conversion of LiPSs, resulting in high reversible capacities, remarkable cycle stability, and excellent rate capability.
Quality of life from a randomized trial of laparoscopic or open liver resection for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Fretland Å A , Dagenborg V J , Waaler Bjørnelv G M , Aghayan D L , Kazaryan A M , Barkhatov L , Kristiansen R , Fagerland M W , Edwin B , Andersen M H 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMost treatments for cancer cause a decline in patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Limiting this decline is a universal goal for healthcare providers. Using minimally invasive instead of open surgical techniques might be one way to achieve this. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative HRQoL after open and laparoscopic liver resection.MethodsThis was a predefined substudy of an RCT comparing open with laparoscopic liver resection. Patients with colorectal liver metastases were assigned randomly to open or laparoscopic parenchyma-sparing liver resection. HRQoL was assessed with the Short Form 36 questionnaire at baseline, and 1 and 4 months after surgery.ResultsA total of 280 patients were randomized, of whom 273 underwent surgery (129 laparoscopic, 144 open); 682 questionnaires (83.3 per cent) were available for analysis. One month after surgery, patients in the laparoscopic surgery group reported reduced scores in two HRQoL domains (physical functioning and role physical), whereas those in the open surgery group reported reduced scores in five domains (physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, vitality and social functioning). Four months after surgery, HRQoL scores in the laparoscopic group had returned to preoperative levels, whereas patients in the open group reported reduced scores for two domains (role physical and general health). The between-group difference was statistically significant in favour of laparoscopy for four domains after 1 month (role physical, bodily pain, vitality and social functioning) and for one domain after 4 months (role physical).ConclusionPatients assigned to laparoscopic liver surgery reported better postoperative HRQoL than those assigned to open liver surgery. For role limitations caused by physical health problems, patients in the laparoscopic group reported better scores up to 4 months after surgery. Registration number: NCT01516710 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Efficient Aluminum Catalysts for the Chemical Conversion of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates at Room Temperature and Atmospheric CO2 Pressure
Authors: Kim Yoseph , Hyun Kyunglim , Ahn Duseong , Kim Ran , Park Myung Hwan , Kim Youngjo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of dimeric aluminum compounds [Al(OCMe2CH2N(R)CH2X)]2 [X=pyridin‐2‐yl, R=H (PyrH); X= pyridin‐2‐yl, R=Me (PyrMe); X=furan‐2‐yl, R=H (FurH); X= furan‐2‐yl, R=Me (FurMe); X=thiophen‐2‐yl, R=H (ThioH); X= thiophen‐2‐yl, R=Me (ThioMe)] containing heterocyclic pendant group attached to the nitrogen catalyze the coupling of CO2 with epoxides under ambient conditions. In a comparison of their catalytic activities with those of aluminum complexes without pendant groups at N [X=H, R=H (HH); X=H, R=Me (HMe)] or with non‐heterocyclic pendant groups [X=CH2CH2OMe, R=H (OMeH); X=CH2CH2NMe2, R=H (NMe2H); X=CH2CH2NMe2, R=Me (NMe2Me)], complexes containing heterocycles, in conjunction with (nBu)4NBr as a cocatalyst, show higher catalytic activities for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under the same ambient conditions. The best catalyst system for this reaction is PyrH/(nBu)4NBr system, which gives a turnover number of 99 and a turnover frequency of 4.1 h−1, making it 14‐ and 20‐times more effective than HH/(nBu)4NBr and HMe/(nBu)4NBr, respectively. Although there are no direct interactions between the aluminum and the heteroatoms in the heterocyclic pendants, electronic effects combined with the increased local concentration of CO2 around the active centers influences the catalytic activity in the coupling of CO2 with epoxides. In addition, PyrH/(nBu)4NBr shows broad epoxide substrate scope and seven terminal epoxides and two internal epoxides undergo the designed reaction.
Amphibian responses to livestock use of wetlands: new empirical data and a global review
Authors: Howell Hunter J. , Mothes Caitlin C. , Clements Stephanie L. , Catania Shantel V. , Rothermel Betsie B. , Searcy Christopher A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPastureland currently occupies 26% of Earth's ice‐free land surface. As the global human population continues to increase and developing countries consume more protein‐rich diets, the amount of land devoted to livestock grazing will only continue to rise. To mitigate the loss of global biodiversity as a consequence of the ever‐expanding amount of land converted from native habitat into pastureland for livestock grazing, an understanding of how livestock impact wildlife is critical. While previous reviews have examined the impact of livestock on a wide variety of taxa, there have been no reviews examining how global livestock grazing affects amphibians. We conducted both an empirical study in south‐central Florida examining the impact of cattle on amphibian communities and a quantitative literature review of similar studies on five continents. Our empirical study analyzed amphibian community responses to cattle as both a binary (presence/absence) variable, and as a continuous variable based on cow pie density. Across all analyses, we were unable to find any evidence that cattle affected the amphibian community at our study site. The literature review returned 46 papers that met our criteria for inclusion. Of these studies, 15 found positive effects of livestock on amphibians, 21 found neutral/mixed effects, and 10 found negative effects. Our quantitative analysis of these data indicates that amphibian species that historically occurred in closed‐canopy habitats are generally negatively affected by livestock presence. In contrast, open‐canopy amphibians are likely to experience positive effects from the presence of livestock, and these positive effects are most likely to occur in locations with cooler climates and/or greater precipitation seasonality. Collectively, our empirical work and literature review demonstrate that under the correct conditions well‐managed rangelands are able to support diverse assemblages of amphibians. These rangeland ecosystems may play a critical role in protecting future amphibian biodiversity by serving as an “off‐reserve” system to supplement the biodiversity conserved within traditional protected areas.
The prevalence and correlates of eating disorders in adult emergency department patients
Authors: Dooley‐Hash Suzanne , Adams Mackenzie , Walton Maureen A. , Blow Frederic C. , Cunningham Rebecca M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study describes the prevalence of eating disorders among adult patients who present to the emergency department for medical care and examines the relationship between eating disorders, depression, and substance use disorders.MethodEmergency department patients aged 21–65 years (n = 1,795) completed a computerized questionnaire that included validated screening tools for eating disorders, risky drinking behavior, other substance use, and depression. Analyses were conducted comparing individuals who screened positive for an eating disorder with those who did not based on demographics (gender, age, race, income, education), body mass index (BMI), risky drinking behavior, other substance use, and depression.ResultsNearly 16% (15.9%) of all patients screened positive for an eating disorder regardless of their reason for presenting to the emergency department. Patients who screened positive for an eating disorder were significantly more likely to have a BMI > 30 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.68, confidence interval [CI] = 1.98, 3.62, p < .001), to also screen positive for depression (OR = 3.19, CI = 2.28, 4.47, p < .001) and to be female (OR = 2.37, CI = 1.76, 3.19, p < .001). No differences in the prevalence of positive screens for eating disorders were seen across age or racial groups, level of education or income, or for any of the included substance use variables.DiscussionEating disorders are common among adult emergency department patients and are associated with high rates of comorbid depression and higher BMI. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with eating disorders, targeted screening may be warranted in the emergency department setting.
Plants alter their vertical root distribution rather than biomass allocation in response to changing precipitation
Authors: Zhang Bingwei , Cadotte Marc W. , Chen Shiping , Tan Xingru , You Cuihai , Ren Tingting , Chen Minling , Wang Shanshan , Li Weijing , Chu Chengjin , Jiang Lin , Bai Yongfei , Huang Jianhui , Han Xingguo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElucidating the variation of allocation pattern of ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP) and its underlying mechanisms is critically important for understanding the changes of aboveground and belowground ecosystem functions. Under optimal partitioning theory, plants should allocate more NPP to the organ that acquires the most limiting resource, and this expectation has been widely used to explain and predict NPP allocation under changing precipitation. However, confirmatory evidence for this theory has mostly come from observed spatial variation in the relationship between precipitation and NPP allocation across ecosystems, rather than directly from the influences of changing precipitation on NPP allocation within systems. We performed a 6‐yr five‐level precipitation manipulation experiment in a semiarid steppe to test whether changes in NPP allocation can be explained by the optimal partitioning theory, and how water requirement of plant community is maintained if NPP allocation is unaltered. The 30 precipitation levels (5 levels × 6 yr) were divided into dry, nominal, and wet precipitation ranges, relative to historical precipitation variation over the past six decades. We found that NPP in both aboveground (ANPP) and belowground (BNPP) increased nonlinearly as precipitation increased, while the allocation of NPP to BNPP (fBNPP) showed a concave quadratic relationship with precipitation. The declined fBNPP as precipitation increased in the dry range supported the optimal partitioning theory. However, in the nominal range, NPP allocation was not influenced by the changed precipitation; instead, BNPP was distributed more in the surface soil horizon (0–10 cm) as precipitation increased, and conversely more in the deeper soil layers (10–30 cm) as precipitation decreased. This response in root foraging appears to be a strategy to satisfy plant water requirements and partially explains the stable NPP allocation patterns. Overall, our results suggest that plants can adjust their vertical BNPP distribution in response to drought stress, and that only under extreme drought does the optimal partitioning theory strictly apply, highlighting the context dependency of the adaption and growth of plants under changing precipitation.