bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reparar Miúdo, narrar Kékeré - Notas sobre nossa Fotoetnopoética com crianças de terreiros
Authors: Caputo Stela Guedes 
Published: June 2018

"O terreiro é o mundo ficando mais bonito". Diz Mene Viana Cardoso, de 3 anos, do Ilê Axé Omi Laare Ìyá Sagbá, um terreiro de candomblé, em Santa Cruz da Serra, Duque de Caxias, na Baixada Fluminese. Os terreiros, entre eles, os terreiros de candomblé, preservaram e ressignificaram modos de vida trazidos do Continente Africano durante a escravização. Conhecimentos sofisticados que atravessaram o Atlântico e foram mantidos e reinventados nesses espaçostempo. Os Estudos com Crianças de Terreiros nascem de duas grandes negações, ou de dois grandes desprezos: o primeiro desprezo é herança hegemônica deixada pelo modo dominante com o qual a modernidade "via" os cotidianos, tidos como lugar de reprodução e saberes menores. O segundo grande desprezo é aquele que marca os estudos da infância nas Ciências Sociais negando a criança como sujeito de conhecimento e participação social, portanto silenciando-as. Em um caminho original, o Grupo de Pesquisa Kékeré (pequeno em yorubá) contraria essa dupla negação para inverter e afirmar que, justamente aquilo que é considerado menor (os cotidianos), e quem é considerado menor ainda (as crianças), são fundamentos vitais para compreender a sociedade em que vivemos, bem como desestabilizar suas lógicas coloniais profundas. A proposta desse artigo é apresentar algumas notas dos caminhos desses estudos. Palavras Chave: Criança. Infância. Pesquisa com os cotidoanos. Estudos Com Crianças de Terreiro
Prognostication in periodontics – science or art?
Authors: Ower Philip 
Published: June 2018

Abstract: It has long been assumed that clinicians are able to predict the course of periodontal disease and advise patients about the longevity of individual teeth; the evidence challenges this concept and suggests that clinicians are unable to do this with any certainty. Periodontal therapy can be highly effective in the long term and questionable teeth can be retained for long periods. These facts have important implications when deciding whether or not to remove a tooth and consider some form of tooth replacement. The advent of dental implants has further complicated this decision-making process. In addition, the fate of dental implants in periodontally susceptible patients is not as predictable as it is in the periodontally healthy. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper highlights the difficulties clinicians face when determining the prognosis of periodontally involved teeth in terms of whether to extract or retain such teeth. It also examines the survival of implants in periodontally susceptible patients. ‘Let's see what happens' is actually very sensible….time is a powerful diagnostic tool, though many patients are unimpressed by it’ (Raymond Tallis, Hippocratic Oaths 2004).
Trigeminal nerve injuries related to restorative treatment
Authors: Renton Tara 
Published: June 2018

Abstract: Restorative dentistry provides many opportunities to cause trigeminal nerve damage. Chronic post-surgical pain, resulting from nerve damage, is rarely associated with dentistry as a result of local anaesthetic (LA) infiltration injections but is more commonly associated with injuries to the nerve trunks of division two and three caused by LA blocks, implants and endodontics. In dentistry, the term paraesthesia is often used inappropriately to mean neuropathy. Paraesthesia is only a descriptive term of symptoms, meaning altered sensation, and not a diagnosis. When sensory nerves are injured, a neuropathy (malfunction) may arise and this may be painful or non-painful. Fortunately, painful post-traumatic neuropathy, caused by injury to nerves, is rare in dentistry compared with other common general surgical procedures, where up to 20–40% of patients experience chronic post-surgical pain after limb amputation, thoracotomy and breast surgery. This article aims to highlight how to prevent nerve injuries using strategies for risk assessment, appropriate surgical techniques and suitable follow-up protocols to allow urgent management to optimize resolution of the nerve injuries when they occur. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Prevention of rare nerve injuries arising from common dental procedures is key, as many high risk procedures can cause lifelong neuropathic pain, functional and immense psychological impact for the patients involved, for which there is no simple remedy.
A prospective study of screening for musculoskeletal pathology in the child with a limp or pseudoparalysis using erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and MRI
Authors: Mitchell P. D. , Viswanath A. , Obi N. , Littlewood A. , Latimer M. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose To determine if the detection of musculoskeletal pathology in children with a limp or acute limb disuse can be optimized by screening with blood tests for raised inflammatory markers, followed by MRI. Methods This was a prospective observational study. Entry criteria were children (0 to 16 years of age) presenting to our emergency department with a non-traumatic limp or pseudoparalysis of a limb, and no abnormality on plain radiographs. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood tests were performed. Children with ESR > 10 mm/hr or CRP > 10 mg/L underwent a MRI scan. When the location of the pathology causing the limp was clinically unclear, screening images (Cor t1 and Short Tau Inversion Recovery) of both lower limbs from pelvis to ankles (‘legogram’) was undertaken. Data was gathered prospectively from 100 consecutive children meeting the study criteria. Results In all, 75% of children had a positive finding on their MRI. A total of 64% of cases had an infective cause for their symptoms (osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyomyositis, fasciitis, cellulitis or discitis). A further 11% had positive findings on MRI from non-infective causes (juvenile idiopathic arthritis, cancer or undisplaced fracture). The remaining 25% had either a normal scan or effusion due to transient synovitis. ESR was a more sensitive marker than CRP in infection, since ESR was raised in 97%, but CRP in only 70%. Conclusion In our opinion MRI imaging of all children with a limp and either raised ESR or CRP is a sensitive method to minimize the chance of missing important pathology in this group, and is an effective use of MRI resources. We advocate the use of both blood tests in conjunction. Level of Evidence Level II
An overview of EFLM harmonization activities in Europe
Authors: Kilpatrick Eric S. , Sandberg Sverre 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) has initiated many harmonization activities in all phases of the examination process. The EFLM is dealing with both the scientific and the educational aspects of harmonization, with the intention of disseminating best practice in laboratory medicine throughout Europe. Priorities have been given (1) to establish a standard for conducting and assessing biological variation studies and to construct an evidence based EFLM webpage on biological variation data, (2) to harmonize preanalytical procedures by producing European guidelines, (3) to improve test ordering and interpretation, (4) to produce other common European guidelines for laboratory medicine and play an active part in development of clinical guidelines, (5) to establish a common basis for communicating laboratory results to patients, (6) to harmonize units of measurement throughout Europe, (7) to harmonize preanalytical procedures in molecular diagnostics and (8) to harmonize and optimize test evaluation procedures. The EFLM is also now launching the 5th version of the European Syllabus to help the education of European Specialists in Laboratory Medicine (EuSpLM), which is being supported by the development of e-learning courses. A register of EuSpLM is already established for members of National Societies in EU countries, and a similar register will be established for specialists in non-EU countries.
Early availability of laboratory results increases same day ward discharge rates
Authors: Cornes Michael P. , Danks Graham , Elgaddal Sanna , Jawad Mohammed , Tonks Jayne , Ries Elisabeth , Ford Clare , Gama Rousseau 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background:
Delayed discharge reduces hospital efficiency and inconveniences patients. Most hospitals discharge in the afternoon, whereas the most common admission time is mid-morning. Consequently, new patients wait for the beds of patients who are fit to be discharged. Earlier discharge may, therefore, improve patient flow. We investigated the impact of early phlebotomy with early availability of laboratory results on patient discharge rates and discharge time.

Methods:
Discharge rates, discharge time and sample turnaround time were assessed before (1 October 2014 to 31 December 2014) and after (1 October 2015 to 31 December 2015) introduction of earlier phlebotomy with availability of laboratory results prior to the ward rounds on two surgical wards.

Results:
Following the intervention, over 95% of results were available before 8:30 am in 2015 as compared to less than 1% in 2014. Specimen turnaround times were similar in both study periods. Even after adjustment for age, gender, admission type and length of admission, the same day discharge rate was higher in 2015 compared to 2014 (60% vs. 52%; p<0.002), but time of discharge was unchanged.

Conclusions:
Early availability of blood results prior to ward rounds increased ward discharges but did not affect discharge time.
The role of acid sphingomyelinase and modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in bacterial infection
Authors: Simonis Alexander , Schubert-Unkmeir Alexandra 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide, thereby modulating membrane structures and signal transduction. Bacterial pathogens can manipulate ASM activity and function, and use host sphingolipids during multiple steps of their infection process. An increase in ceramides upon infection results in the formation of ceramide-enriched membrane platforms that serve to cluster receptor molecules and organize intracellular signaling molecules, thus facilitating bacterial uptake. In this review, we focus on how extracellular bacterial pathogens target ASM and modulate membrane properties and signaling pathways to gain entry into eukaryotic cells or induce cell death. We describe how intracellular pathogens interfere with the intralysosomal functions of ASM to favor replication and survival. In addition, bacteria utilize their own sphingomyelinases as virulence factors to modulate sphingolipid metabolism. The potential of ASM as a target for treating bacterial infections is also discussed.
Selective BH3-mimetics targeting BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1 induce severe mitochondrial perturbations
Authors: Henz Kristina , Al-Zebeeby Aoula , Basoglu Marion , Fulda Simone , Cohen Gerald M. , Varadarajan Shankar , Vogler Meike 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Induction of apoptosis by selective BH3-mimetics is currently investigated as a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Here, we report that selective BH3-mimetics induce apoptosis in a variety of hematological malignancies. Apoptosis is accompanied by severe mitochondrial toxicities upstream of caspase activation. Specifically, the selective BH3-mimetics ABT-199, A-1331852 and S63845, which target BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1, respectively, induce comparable ultrastructural changes including mitochondrial swelling, a decrease of mitochondrial matrix density and severe loss of cristae structure. These shared effects on mitochondrial morphology indicate a similar function of these anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins in maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function.
Austrian Constitutional Court Somewhere under the Rainbow: Marriage Equality and the Role of the Austrian Constitutional Court
Authors: Pail Christa 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In 2010, Austria introduced the Registered Partnership as the only form of legal recognition for same-sex couples while marriage is limited to heterosexual couples. In a recent judgment, the Austrian Constitutional Court decided this limitation to be unconstitutional. Due to numerous legal changes in the last years, the legal framework governing registered partnerships and marriage became nearly identical. By upholding different terms for the same kind of relationship, same-sex partners are presented unequal to different-sex couples and forced to show their sexual orientation even in situations where sexual orientation should be irrelevant. This puts them at risk of discrimination. The Court considers this as a violation of the principle of equality.
Outcomes in oligohydramnios: the role of etiology in predicting pulmonary morbidity/mortality
Authors: Hesson Ashley , Langen Elizabeth 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objective
Early-onset oligohydramnios is typically secondary to renal-urinary anomalies (RUA) or preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). We compared neonatal pulmonary outcomes between these etiologies.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of women with oligohydramnios identified before 24 completed weeks of gestation attributed to either PPROM or RUA. Patients were excluded if other fetal anomalies were noted. Respiratory morbidity was assessed by the need for oxygen at 36 corrected weeks or at hospital discharge.

Results
Of 116 eligible patients, 54 chose elective pregnancy termination. A total of 39.5% of PPROM (n=17/43) and 36.8% of RUA (n=7/19) pregnancies experienced pre-viable loss (P=1.00). Significantly fewer PPROM live births resulted in neonatal mortality (26.9% vs. 75.0%, P<0.01). There was no difference in respiratory morbidity (57.9% vs. 66.6%, P=1.00). The collective incidence of respiratory mortality and morbidity was not different between etiologies (P=0.06).

Conclusion
This analysis suggests that the prognoses for oligohydramnios due to pre-viable PPROM vs. renal anomalies are similarly grave, though RUA infants experienced a higher rate of neonatal respiratory mortality.
Obstetrical, maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies affected by muscular dystrophy
Authors: Petrangelo Adriano , Alshehri Eman , Czuzoj-Shulman Nicholas , Abenhaim Haim A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objective:
Pregnancies in women affected by a muscular dystrophy are at an increased risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes due to the effect of the disease on the muscular, cardiac and respiratory systems. We sought to evaluate the risk of adverse outcomes within a large population-based cohort study.

Methods:
We used the data extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) to conduct a retrospective population-based cohort study consisting of over 12 million births that occurred in the United States between 1999 and 2013. Births to mothers with muscular dystrophy were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes and were compared with births to mothers with no maternal muscular dystrophy. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the adjusted effect of muscular dystrophy on maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Results:
During the 14-year study period, there was an increasing trend in the incidence of muscular dystrophy, with a cumulative incidence of 7.26 in 100,000 births. Women with muscular dystrophy and their neonates were at a significantly increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: specifically, an increased risk of preeclampsia, preterm premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, venous thromboembolism, cardiac dysrhythmia, requiring a blood transfusion and giving birth by cesarean section. Neonates born to affected mothers were at a significantly higher risk of being born preterm, with a congenital malformation and suffering intrauterine growth restriction.

Conclusion:
The risk of several adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes is increased in pregnant women with muscular dystrophy. As such, additional surveillance in order to mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes is warranted in these pregnancies.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ3-5-carboxy-2-(pyridin-4-yl)benzoato-κ5
O,O′:O′′,O′′′:O′′′)(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)cadmium(II)], C100H60N12O16Cd4
Authors: Song Wei , Xu Xue-Li , Yang Yan-Ju , Li Shi-Hui 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
C100H60N12O16Cd4, monoclinic, I2/a (no. 15), a = 21.2654(5) Å, b = 11.1493(3) Å, c = 17.3039(4) Å, β = 97.774(2)°, V = 4064.96(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0213, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0559, T = 289.23(10) K.
Density development in foam forming: wet pressing dynamics
Authors: Järvinen Marjo , Pihko Riku , Ketoja Jukka A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The compression behaviour of both foam and water formed wet sheets was studied in the laboratory. The development of sheet thickness was followed for different pressing dynamics including both short and long pulses. The immediate recovery of sheet thickness after the first short pressing pulse was clearly better for foam than for water. The bulk advantage of foam forming gradually reduced as the number of pressing pulses increased. The solids content after wet pressing became higher for foam than water forming. The differences in sheet density and dewatering for the two forming methods should be taken into account when developing industrial processes for lightweight fibre-based products.
Design of an integrated optics for transglutaminase conformational change
Authors: Chen Chen , Hou Xun , Si Jinhai 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A detailed theoretical research on a novel integrated optics with surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based waveguide is presented. An SPR multilayer section is designed by introducing intermediate layers to support fundamental mode and stronger electromagnetic field. Most current techniques excited with a single optical mode are “blind” to the conformational change of bound molecules. The greatest strength of such technique lies in monitoring protein conformational change. The Mach-Zehnder interferometry architecture is adopted to maximize sensor sensitivity and prevent unspecific binding from biological material and error from geometrical difference. A proof-of-concept is conducted on the integrated optics by detecting protein transglutaminase (tTG) specifically binding calcium ion (Ca2+) via the finite-element method. The minimum decrease of biolayer thickness (δa
=0.5 nm) caused by tTG-Ca2+ interaction is much smaller than a single protein molecule (normally 1–100 nm). Associated with biolayer thickness and density, a thin dense layer is formed as Ca2+ binds to the tTG protein. Thus, the tTG protein undergoing conformational change on binding Ca2+ is traced and verified as molecular interaction occurs.
Interaction of nanofillers in injection-molded graphene/carbon nanotube reinforced PA66 hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Doagou-Rad Saeed , Islam Aminul , Jensen Jakob S. , Alnasser Ammar 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Interaction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets within injection-molded thermoplastic-based nanocomposites is investigated. The research shows how the nanofillers’ combination ratio and content influence the properties in the semicrystalline thermoplastic-based composites. Three main groups of polyamide-based composite specimens containing either or both of the nanofillers are prepared. Results show that the single inclusion of the nanomaterials improves the mechanical and thermal properties significantly. However, the combined incorporation of both the nanofillers in the polymeric matrix does not lead to the linear combination of the observed behaviors. While the mechanical properties and the degrees of crystallinity improve, the thermal conductivities decrease in the hybrid composites for similar nanofiller contents. Rheological and crystallization investigations also showed the dominant influence of the nanotubes in the structure of the hybrid composites. The underlying mechanisms of modulation in the properties were also investigated in detail.
Optical Ammonia Sensor Based on ZnO:Eu2+ Fluorescence Quenching Nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Wanting , Feng Wenlin , Yang Xiaozhan , Chen Hongliang , He Ying , Deng Dashen , Peng Zhiqing 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
An ammonia sensor is conceived and constructed using the downconverting ZnO:Eu2+ nanoparticles that can be excited by near-ultraviolet (378 nm) light and emit indigo color light. The capability of the ZnO:Eu2+ nanoparticles for ammonia gas sensing was studied from fluorescence quenching measurements. When these nanoparticles were exposed to ammonia gas, a significant luminescent intensity variation of the excitation spectra was observed. The detection limit of the proposed optical gas sensor is 20 ppm with a good linearity (R
2 =0.9759) from 0 to 80 ppm of ammonia. The sensor has the advantages of a simple structure, high sensitivity, easy fabrication, and low cost, and can be used for sensing ammonia gas in factories, laboratories, etc.
snpGeneSets: An R Package for Genome-Wide Study Annotation
Authors: Mei Hao , Li Lianna , Jiang Fan , Simino Jeannette , Griswold Michael , Mosley Thomas , Liu Shijian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Genome-wide studies (GWS) of SNP associations and differential gene expressions have generated abundant results; next-generation sequencing technology has further boosted the number of variants and genes identified. Effective interpretation requires massive annotation and downstream analysis of these genome-wide results, a computationally challenging task. We developed the snpGeneSets package to simplify annotation and analysis of GWS results. Our package integrates local copies of knowledge bases for SNPs, genes, and gene sets, and implements wrapper functions in the R language to enable transparent access to low-level databases for efficient annotation of large genomic data. The package contains functions that execute three types of annotations: (1) genomic mapping annotation for SNPs and genes and functional annotation for gene sets; (2) bidirectional mapping between SNPs and genes, and genes and gene sets; and (3) calculation of gene effect measures from SNP associations and performance of gene set enrichment analyses to identify functional pathways. We applied snpGeneSets to type 2 diabetes (T2D) results from the NHGRI genome-wide association study (GWAS) catalog, a Finnish GWAS, and a genome-wide expression study (GWES). These studies demonstrate the usefulness of snpGeneSets for annotating and performing enrichment analysis of GWS results. The package is open-source, free, and can be downloaded at: https://www.umc.edu/biostats_software/.
Enhancer Sharing Promotes Neighborhoods of Transcriptional Regulation Across Eukaryotes
Authors: Quintero-Cadena Porfirio , Sternberg Paul W 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Enhancers physically interact with transcriptional promoters, looping over distances that can span multiple regulatory elements. Given that enhancer–promoter (EP) interactions generally occur via common protein complexes, it is unclear whether EP pairing is predominantly deterministic or proximity guided. Here, we present cross-organismic evidence suggesting that most EP pairs are compatible, largely determined by physical proximity rather than specific interactions. By reanalyzing transcriptome datasets, we find that the transcription of gene neighbors is correlated over distances that scale with genome size. We experimentally show that nonspecific EP interactions can explain such correlation, and that EP distance acts as a scaling factor for the transcriptional influence of an enhancer. We propose that enhancer sharing is commonplace among eukaryotes, and that EP distance is an important layer of information in gene regulation.