bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body composition changes differ by gender in stomach, colorectal, and biliary cancer patients with cachexia: Results from a pilot study
Authors: Yoon Saunjoo L. , Grundmann Oliver , Williams Joseph J. , Gordan Lucio , George Thomas J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFew studies have examined the possibility that cachexia may affect men and women differently. This pilot study assessed gender differences in body composition in stomach, colorectal, and biliary cancer patients with cachexia. A sample of 38 participants (Female: Male = 17:21, mean age 57.4 years) were included if they were undergoing chemotherapy and experienced weight loss of 5% or more over a 6‐month period. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was applied to measure body composition. Phase angle (PA) and levels of extra‐/intracellular water (ECW; ICW) were determined. Data were analyzed first by gender and then compared to age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls from the NHANES‐III dataset. PA was lower (P < .01) in both genders compared with healthy controls, and PA was lower in female patients compared with male patients (P = .03). Male cancer patients with lower PA also had lower ICW levels compared with healthy controls (r = .98, P < .01). For female patients, PA and ICW were negatively correlated (r = .897, P < .01). A lower ECW/ICW ratio was highly correlated (r = .969 for men, r = .639 for women) with increased PA in cancer patients. ICW changes are gender‐specific in patients with GI cancer. ECW/ICW ratios and PA may be suitable surrogate markers for gender‐specific changes in cell composition and health status.
Inhibition of CXCR4 regulates epithelial mesenchymal transition of NSCLC via the Hippo‐YAP signaling pathway
Authors: Zheng Chun‐Hui , Chen Xiao‐Mei , Zhang Fang‐Biao , Zhao Chun , Tu Shao‐Song 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCXCR4 has been shown to play a key role in the metastasis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). And CXCR may be associated with the Hippo—Yes kinase‐associated protein (YAP) pathway, thus involving in the occurrence and progression of NSCLC. This study aims to investigate the effect of CXCR4 inhibition on epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and migration of NSCLC cells via the Hippo‐YAP pathway. QRT‐PCR and Western blot were employed to detect CXCR4 expression in NSCLC cell lines. A549 and H1299 cells were treated with WZ811 (0, 10, 30, and 50 µM), and A549 cells were also divided into the Control, WZ811, YAP siRNA, and WZ811 + YAP groups. Wound‐healing, Transwell assay, immunofluorescent staining, and a luciferase reporter gene assay were performed in this experiment. Compared with human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, CXCR4 expression was up‐regulated in NSCLC cell lines. WZ811 increased E‐cadherin; decreased expression of Twist, vimentin, Snail, p‐YAP, CTGF, and BIRC5; blocked GTIIC reporter activity; and reduced migration and invasion of A549 cells, all in a dose‐dependent manner. YAP siRNA had a similar effect to WZ811 by inhibiting EMT, invasion and migration of A549 cells. However, compared with A549 cells in the YAP siRNA and WZ811 groups, cells in the WZ811 + YAP group showed a dramatically enhanced EMT phenotype as well as invasion and migration abilities. Inhibition of CXCR4 may reduce EMT, invasion and migration of NSCLC cells, thereby providing a new therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Suppressed expression of Cbl‐b by NF‐κB mediates icotinib resistance in EGFR‐mutant non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Tieqiong , Zheng Chunlei , Hou Kezuo , Wang Jinyao , Zhang Ye , Fan Yibo , Zhao Huan , Qu Xiujuan , Liu Yunpeng , Kang Jian , Che Xiaofang , Hu Xuejun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR‐TKI) could greatly improve the prognosis of NSCLC patients harboring activating EGFR mutations, drug resistance still remains a major obstacle to successful treatment. Our previous study found that the EGFR‐TKI icotinib could upregulate the expression of Casitas‐B‐lineage lymphoma protein‐B (Cbl‐b), an E3 ubiquitin ligase. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the potential role of Cbl‐b in the resistance to icotinib, and the underlying mechanisms using EGFR‐mutant cell lines. We found that icotinib inhibited the proliferation of mutant‐EGFR NSCLC cells (PC9 and HCC827), and upregulated the expression of Cbl‐b at both the protein and mRNA levels. Cbl‐b knockdown decreased the sensitivity of PC9 and HCC827 cells to icotinib, and partially restored icotinib‐inhibited AKT activation in PC9 cells. On the contrary, Cbl‐b overexpression could partly reverse the drug resistance in PC9 icotinib‐resistant cells (PC9/IcoR). Moreover, overexpressing p65, the main member of transcription factor NF‐κB family, reversed the icotinib‐mediated upregulation of Cbl‐b. Collectively, these data suggest that icotinib could upregulate Cbl‐b mediated by NF‐κB inhibition, and Cbl‐b contribute to the icotinib sensitivity in EGFR‐mutant NSCLC cells. This study highlights that low expression of Cbl‐b might be the key obstacles in the efficacy of icotinib therapy.
Men and women with borderline personality disorder resident in Dutch special psychiatric units in prisons: A descriptive and comparative study
Authors: van den Brink Chantal , Harte Joke M. , Denzel A. Dorina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe overall prevalence of borderline personality disorder is well known, but characteristics of offender patients with the condition are less clear, especially among men.AimDescribe characteristics of men and women with borderline personality disorder in special psychiatric units in Dutch prisons on three domains: prevalence of child abuse, comorbidity of borderline personality disorder with other disorders, and clinical symptoms.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐seven people were assigned to this study based on a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM‐5) diagnoses retrieved from records. Other DSM‐5 diagnoses were also recorded. Two scales, the Dutch Historisch, Klinisch, Toekomst—Revisie and the international Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale—Expanded (BPRS‐E) were used to record child abuse and clinical symptoms, respectively.ResultsPrevalence rates of child abuse were high, but the men and women did not differ in this respect. The male offender patients were more likely than the women to have a comorbid substance use disorder, whereas the women were more likely to have a comorbid anxiety disorder. Intellectual disability was the most common comorbid Axis II disorder. The women were more likely than the men to have committed a fatal/nearly fatal index offence and showed higher rates of distress or behavioural disturbance on all five BPRS‐E factors.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of the importance of in‐depth knowledge of presentations with borderline personality disorder specific to setting. Although we were unable to make direct comparisons with other samples, our figures suggest clinically relevant differences among offender patients from the more widely reported general samples. We also shed light on a sometimes underexposed group of men with borderline personality disorder and their clinical needs. More population‐specific intervention and follow‐up studies are now indicated.
A Mesoporous Carbon‐Supported and Cs‐promoted Ru Catalyst with Enhanced Activity and Stability for Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Nishi Masayasu , Chen Shih‐Yuan , Takagi Hideyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA mesoporous carbon‐supported Ru catalyst with Cs promotor and an open mesostructure (Cs−Ru/MPC) was prepared by a stepwise wet impregnation method and used for sustainable ammonia synthesis under mild reaction conditions using a wide range of space velocities (SV). The Cs−Ru/MPC catalyst showed higher activity and stability for ammonia synthesis than a reference catalyst with a microporous framework prepared by the same method (an active‐carbon‐supported and Cs‐promoted Ru catalyst (Cs−Ru/AC)). It was found that the mesoporous carbon framework is a suitable medium for the dispersion of the Ru nanoparticles within a narrow size distribution, and it also protected the small Ru nanoparticles against sintering during ammonia synthesis. However, the sintering of Ru nanoparticles on the outer surfaces of the Cs−Ru/AC catalyst was observed, resulting in its deactivation. The results suggest that the Cs−Ru/MPC catalyst is applicable to real operating conditions, where there may be short warm‐up and shut‐down periods for hydrogen production via the electrolysis of water using intermittently available renewable electricity.
Freestanding Cobalt‐Aluminum Oxides on USY Zeolite as an Efficient Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Jingyan , Ding Yu , Peng Honggen , Xu Hao , Guan Yejun , Wu Haihong , Wu Peng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe selective catalytic reduction of NOx with propane as reductant (C3H8‐SCR) is an attractive alternative for the depletion of NOx generated under lean burn condition. Herein, we developed a novel and low‐cost three‐dimensional CoOx@USY catalyst applied for catalytic reduction of NO with propane for the first time. The as‐fabricated hierarchical architecture was beneficial for exposing the active sites maximally, enhancing mass transports as well as integrating strongly interacted cobalt‐aluminum oxide together with the nature of USY zeolite. Serving as a SCR catalyst, the designed CoOx@USY yielded a remarkably elevated NO conversion efficiency due to the synergy between the Co−Al oxide shell and the USY zeolite core, showing promising application for the pollution abatement of nitric oxides. The reaction mechanism was also studied in detail trough the in situ DRIFTS technique. This work would provide new insights into the design and synthesis of transition metal‐based catalysts with a high‐efficiency for reducing NO emission.
Rhodamine 6G Radical: A Spectro (Fluoro) Electrochemical and Transient Spectroscopic Study
Authors: Slanina Tomáš , Oberschmid Teresa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA detailed study on the radical of rhodamine 6G, a key intermediate in photoredox catalysis, is presented. Various methods of its preparation (photoinduced electron transfer, electrochemistry), its spectroscopic characterization, stability, oxidation, photoionization and transient spectroscopic study have been investigated. Photooxidation of reduced rhodamine 6G has been established as a sensitive method for determination of dissolved oxygen. Photoionization of rhodamine 6G radical was found to be strongly solvent‐dependent and the released electrons were detected as photoinduced current in a spectroelectrochemical OTTLE cell. This process was identified as an extreme case of consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) mechanism. The electrofluorochromism of rhodamine 6G radical has been studied by a novel apparatus suitable for simultaneous analysis of electrochemical, absorption and emission properties.
The Size Effect of PdCu Bimetallic Nanoparticles on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity
Authors: Yang Yang , Dai Changqing , Wu Dengfeng , Liu Zhiping , Cheng Daojian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt is one of the basic objectives for heterogeneous catalysis to understand the particle size effect of nanoparticles (NPs) on their activity. However, such a particle size effect on the activity of bimetallic NPs is still in question. Here, we demonstrate an efficient ligand‐assisted technique for preparing PdCu NPs in four different sizes (9.3 nm, 7.1 nm, 6.3 nm and 5.8 nm) and explore the relationship between particle size and their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity as a benchmark. As a general trend, ORR activity decreases as bimetallic particle size increases. It is found that the 5.8 nm‐PdCu NPs/C with the smallest size shows the best catalytic activity for ORR among these NPs, which exceeds the ORR activity of commercial Pt/C catalysts. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that, with the increase of bimetallic particle size, the edges and corners become less, and, accordingly, the adsorption energies of O atom and charge distribution of the particle are closer to the bulk phase, leading to the decrease of ORR catalytic activity. Our results provide a useful size controlled strategy and reveal the relationship between bimetallic particle size and reaction activity.
One‐Step Synthesis of 3D‐Sandwiched Na3V2(PO4)2O2F@rGO Composites as Cathode Material for High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Hao , Mi Hongwei , Sun Lingna , Zhang Peixin , Li Yongliang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNa3V2(PO4)2O2F@reduced graphene oxide composites are rapidly synthesized by one‐step microwave‐assisted hydrothermal method within 1 h without any following energy‐consuming process. The composite shows a three‐dimensional sandwiched structure with carbon wrapping and is applied as cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries. It delivers a reversible capacity of 100.5 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention rate of 84.9 % at 20 C after 2000 cycles, exhibiting excellent rate capability and cyclability. This superior electrochemical performance is attributed to the synergetic effect from the enhanced electronic conductivity and the improved electrochemical kinetic behavior.
Iridium‐Induced Regioselective B−H and C−C Activations at Azo‐Substituted o‐Carboranes
Authors: Gao Yang , Cui Peng‐Fei , Aznarez Francisco , Jin Guo‐Xin 
Published: July 2018

Abstractp‐Methoxybenzeneazo‐substituted o‐carboranes have been synthesized and their reactivity with half‐sandwich iridium and rhodium complexes has been investigated in detail. A variety of solvent‐ and base‐dependent, highly site‐selective B−H and C−C σ‐bond activations at the C/B cage have been observed. While the use of CH3OH leads to the formation of metallacarboranes, o‐carborane clusters undergo cyclometallation reactions involving B(6)−H, B(4)−H or a rare B(7)−H activation in CH2Cl2. The synthesis of a unique pseudo‐closo‐iridacarborane through a very unconventional metal‐mediated Ccage−Ccage activation is described in this contribution.
Fluorescent Trimethylated Naphthyridine Derivative with an Aminoalkyl Side Chain as the Tightest Non‐aminoglycoside Ligand for the Bacterial A‐site RNA
Authors: Sato Yusuke , Rokugawa Masafumi , Ito Sho , Yajima Sayaka , Sugawara Hiroki , Teramae Norio , Nishizawa Seiichi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe bacterial ribosomal decoding region of the aminoacyl‐tRNA site (A‐site) is one of the most validated target RNAs for antibiotic agents. Although natural aminoglycosides are well‐characterized A‐site binding ligands, high off‐target effects and the growing emergence of bacterial resistance against aminoglycosides limit their clinical use. To circumvent these concerns with the aminoglycoside family, non‐aminoglycoside A‐site binding ligands have great potential as novel antibiotics against bacterial infections. This work describes a new class of small heterocyclic ligands based on the 2‐amino‐5,6,7‐trimethyl‐1,8‐naphthyridine (ATMND) structure for the bacterial (Escherichia coli) A‐site. ATMND possessing an aminoethyl side chain is found to strongly and selectively bind to the internal loop of the A‐site (Kd=0.44 μm; pH 7.0, I=0.06 m, 5 °C). Significantly, this ligand shows the tightest binding reported to date among non‐aminoglycoside ligands. The binding study based on the thermodynamics and molecular modelling reveals key molecular interactions of ATMND‐C2‐NH2 for high affinity to the A‐site. This ligand is also demonstrated to be applicable to the fluorescence indicator displacement assay for assessing ligand/A‐site interactions.
Chemical Tuning of Zwitterionic Ionic Liquids for Variable Thermophysical Behaviours, Nanostructured Aggregates and Dual‐Stimuli Responsiveness
Authors: Biswas Yajnaseni , Ghosh Pratyush , Mandal Tarun K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe design and synthesis of a series of zwitterionic ionic liquids (ZILs) to understand the structure–property relationship towards an increase of the thermal stability, a variation of the glass transition temperature, the shape‐tuning of nanostructured aggregates and the tuning of the stimuli responsiveness are demonstrated. The substitution reaction of imidazole with various aliphatic and aromatic bromides followed by the reaction of the corresponding substituted imidazoles with bromoalkyl carboxylic acids of varying spacer length produces the ZILs. In aqueous solution, a ZIL molecule either exist in its ionic liquid (substituted imidazolium bromide) form or its zwitterionic (substituted imidazolium alkyl carboxylate) form with an isoelectric point (pI) depending on the pH value of the solution. Upon changing the pH to near or above the pI, the aqueous ZIL solution undergoes transition from a transparent to a turbid phase due to the formation of insoluble hierarchical nanostructured aggregates of various morphologies, such as spheres, tripods, tetrapods, fern‐like, flower‐like, dendrites etc. depending on the pH of the solution and the nature of the alkyl/vinyl/aryl substituents. Upon heating the solution a phase transition occurs from turbid to transparent, exhibiting a distinct reversible upper critical solution temperature (UCST)‐type cloud point (Tcp). It is observed that the cloud point varies with the nature of the substituent, an increase of the concentration of the ZIL as well as with changes of the pH of the solution.
Post‐Assembly Reactivity of N‐Aryl Iminoboronates: Reversible Radical Coupling and Unusual B−N Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Keyzer Evan N. , Sava Alexandru , Ronson Tanya K. , Nitschke Jonathan R. , McConnell Anna J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPost‐assembly reaction of a dynamic covalent iminoboronate system following addition of Cp2Co resulted in the formation of a series of new reductively coupled dianionic dimers via C−C bond formation. The dimers formed as a mixture of BN‐containing isomeric products: diastereomers rac5 and meso5, with coupled five‐membered rings, and enantiomeric rac6, with a fused six‐membered ring bicyclic system from C−C bond formation and rearrangement of the B−N bonds. Each isomer was identified using 1H NMR spectroscopy in combination with single crystal X‐ray structure determination. Interestingly, interconversion between the coupled five‐membered rings (rac5) and fused bicyclic systems (rac6) was found to occur through an unprecedented breaking and reforming of the B−N covalent bond. Further, the coupled products could be converted quantitatively back to their iminoboronate precursors with addition of the electron abstractor Ph3C+.
The Importance of Length and Flexibility of Macrocycle‐Containing Molecular Translocators for the Synthesis of Improbable [2]Rotaxanes
Authors: Riss‐Yaw Benjamin , Clavel Caroline , Laurent Philippe , Waelès Philip , Coutrot Frédéric 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis work reports on the use of molecular translocators to capture a dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8) and then release it onto targeted molecular axles to afford, after removal of the translocator, [2]rotaxanes that do not hold any template site. Various translocators were studied and successfully aided the synthesis, with more or less efficacy, of [2]rotaxanes of different lengths. During the releasing step, the DB24C8 macrocycle shuttles along the thread, and the localization of the macrocycle might be driven by steric repulsion on the translocator part and/or electronic attraction of the targeted part of the axle to be encircled, which depends on both the nature of the translocator and the targeted thread to be encircled.
Organocatalytic Arylation of α‐Ketoesters Based on Umpolung Strategy: Phosphazene‐Catalyzed SNAr Reaction Utilizing [1,2]‐Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Aoki Takuma , Terada Masahiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn organocatalytic arylation of α‐ketoesters was developed on the basis of umpolung strategy. Phosphazene P2‐tBu efficiently catalyzes the three‐component coupling reaction of α‐ketoesters, a silylated secondary phosphite, and electron‐deficient fluoroarenes to provide α‐hydroxyester derivatives possessing an electron‐deficient aryl group at the α‐position. The reaction involves the catalytic generation of α‐oxygenated ester enolates from α‐ketoesters through the [1,2]‐phospha‐Brook rearrangement followed by the SNAr reaction.
Suicidal ideation in patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension: Baseline results from the DEPSCREEN‐INFO clinical trial
Authors: Lehmann Marco , Kohlmann Sebastian , Gierk Benjamin , Murray Alexandra M. , Löwe Bernd 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundA high proportion of cardiac patients suffers from depression, which is an antecedent for suicidal ideation. This study identifies clinical vulnerabilities for suicidal ideation in cardiac patients.MethodsThe primary outcome of the study was severity of suicidal ideation as measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) item No. 9. Covariates were demographics, cardiac characteristics (i.e., Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina rating of chest pain and New York Heart Association rating of shortness of breath), depression (PHQ‐8,i.e., PHQ‐9 minus item No. 9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7, GAD‐7), somatic symptoms (PHQ‐15), illness perception (Brief‐Illness Perception Questionnaire), and health‐related quality of life (EuroQol‐5D, EQ 5D).ResultsData from 1,976 patients were analysed. At least 14% (95% CI [12%, 16%]) of patients indicated suicidal ideations within the last 2 weeks. Bivariate analyses yielded associations between suicidal ideation and higher levels of depression severity, anxiety severity, somatic symptom burden, chest pain, shortness of breath, negative illness perceptions, reduced health‐related quality of life, and a higher probability of living alone (all p < 0.001). A multivariable ordinal regression revealed depression severity and anxiety severity to show the highest associations with suicidal ideation (ORPHQ‐8 = 1.22, p < 0.001; ORGAD‐7 = 1.09, p < 0.001). Having a defibrillator implant was associated with a lower probability of suicidal ideation (OR = 0.27, p = 0.017).ConclusionsThis study identified several clinical vulnerabilities of suicidal ideation. The results stress the importance of screening for suicidal ideation in clinical practice.
Investigation of Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of CZ Grown Ge Optical Windows
Authors: Çat Yunus , Baran Veysel , Afacan Gönenç , Coşar Mustafa Burak , Özçelik Süleyman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, different Ge IR optical windows are produced and their electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performances are investigated. Three Ge single crystals with different doping concentrations are grown by the Czochralski (CZ) technique. Optical windows are obtained after the slicing, lapping, and polishing processes are examined. Formation of (111)‐oriented single crystal is observed from the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. In addition, IR transmission of the crystals is measured around 45% in the range of 2–12 µm using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) spectrometer. EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of the windows is determined in a flanged coaxial SE tester developed for outer diameter as 1 inch. SE results are evaluated by taking into account both resistivity, thickness of the samples and limitations of measurement fixture.