bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daiobotanpito combined with antibiotic therapy for treatment of acute diverticulitis: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ogawa-Ochiai Keiko , Yoshimura Kenichi , Shirai Akiko , Sakai Seisho , Moriyama Hideki , Nakamura Keishi , Murayama Toshinori , Ishikawa Hideki 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Colonic diverticular disease has been increasing in prevalence due to the rapidly aging global population, but standard treatment has not changed dramatically in recent years. Daiobotanpito (DBT; Da Huang Mu Dan Tang in Chinese) has been used in medical treatment of acute abdominal abscesses, such as appendicitis or diverticulitis in traditional Japanese (Kampo) medicine for many years, based on more than 3000 years of experience. Prior to this study, a retrospective open-label trial was conducted to compare patients with acute diverticulitis who received oral DBT combined with intravenous antibiotics with those who received intravenous antibiotic alone; it showed a positive effect of DBT on acute diverticulitis. We aim to investigate whether moderate to severe acute diverticulitis shows greater improvement with intravenous antibiotics plus orally administered DBT compared with intravenous antibiotics with placebo.
Methods: This is a two-group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial, which is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of DBT for moderate to severe diverticulitis patients treated with intravenous antibiotics. Eligible participants will be randomized to either a treatment group receiving a 10-day oral DBT regimen plus conventional therapy or a control group receiving a 10-day placebo regimen plus conventional therapy. The primary outcome will be the rate of fever reduction within 3 days or/and abdominal pain relief within 4 days. Secondary endpoints will include hospitalization days, changes in inflammatory response (CRP, WBC, neutrophil count), thermal type, number of days before beginning food intake, recurrence rate (observation for 1 year after registration), and adverse event expression rate. Assessments will be performed at baseline and on the day of discharge. The recurrence rate will be recorded at 1 year after registration.
Discussion: This study is expected to provide evidence to support the clinical benefits of DBT in the treatment of acute diverticulitis. It may also provide evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of DBT in the recurrence of acute diverticulitis.
Trial registration: UMIN000027381, registered on April 27th, 2017; https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-bin/ctr/ctr_view_reg.cgi?recptno=R000031377.
Clinical prognosis analysis of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with heart transplantation
Authors: Liao Xiaozu , Cheng Zhou , Wang Liqiang , Li Binfei , Huang Weizhao , Ye Hongyu , Jiang Haiming , Zhao Zhanyuan , Yuan Yong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is the primary indication for transplanted right heart failure in transition and postoperative period for heart transplantation patients. This study explored risk factors affecting the clinical prognosis of ECMO through analyzing the clinical data of heart transplantation patients with such condition. Methods Data on 28 heart transplantation patients with ECMO obtained from January 2012 to January 2018 in the People’s Hospital of Zhongshan City were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 25 patients (20 male and 5 female) were included in this study. Heart transplantation among patients was performed mainly due to cardiomyopathy (77.8%). Eighteen patients survived and were discharged 18 (72%). Four patients were treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation before ECMO, and three patients died in the hospital. No differences existed among the surviving and death group donors (N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide（NT-proBNP）, creatine kinase-muscle/brain（CK-MB）, warm ischemia time of donated heart, cold ischemia time of donated heart, total ischemia time of donated heart, and donator type). Univariate analysis showed that body mass index(BMI), length of stay in intensive care unit(ICU), and cardiopulmonary resuscitation are relevant prognosis factors in applying ECMO for patients with heart transplantation. Multi-factor logistic regression results show that cardiopulmonary resuscitation before ECMO (OR: 49.45, 95% CI[1.37, 1781.6]; P=0.033) is an independent risk factor influencing prognosis. Conclusion ECMO is an important life support method for patients with heart transplantation before and after the operation. Patients with obesity, poor preoperative cardiac function, and considerable red blood cell transfusions during surgery may influence the prognosis of patients. Extracardiac compression before ECMO of patients is an independent risk factor for their prognosis.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in pediatric strabismus surgery: A randomized controlled study
Authors: li shuangshuang , Liu Tingjie , Xia Junming , Jia Jie , Li Wenxian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common side-effects following strabismus surgery. The present study aimed to compare the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on PONV incidence in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.

Methods

In this prospective randomized double-blinded study, 126 pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery were randomized into one of three groups: Placebo group, normal saline; DEX1 group, 0.3 ug/kg dexmedetomidine, and DEX2 group, 0.5 ug/kg dexmedetomidine. Oculocardiac reflex (OCR) events were recorded during surgery. PONV or postoperative vomiting (POV) was recorded for 24 hours in the ward. Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED) scale and emergence agitation (EA) scale were recorded in the recovery room.

Results

Intraoperative OCR was significantly reduced in DEX2 group (41.5%) as compared to that of Placebo group (68.3%) (p=0.026). During the first 24 hours post-op, the overall incidence of PONV was significantly lower in DEX2 group (9.8%) than that of Placebo group (31.7%) (p=0.029). There was no significant difference in POV among the three groups. PAED or EA scores among the three groups were similar during recovery time.

Conclusion

Dexmedetomidine (0.5 ug/kg) reduced OCX and PONV without lengthening extubation time or recovery time in pediatric patients undergoing strabismus surgery.
rpoB, a promising marker for analyzing the diversity of bacterial communities by amplicon sequencing
Authors: OGIER Jean-Claude , Pagès Sylvie , Galan Maxime , Barret Matthieu , Gaudriault Sophie 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Microbiome composition is frequently studied by the amplification and high-throughput sequencing of specific molecular markers (metabarcoding). Various hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene are classically used to estimate bacterial diversity, but other universal bacterial markers with a finer taxonomic resolution could be employed. We compared specificity and sensitivity between a portion of the rpoB gene and the V3V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene.

Results
We first designed universal primers for rpoB suitable for use with Illumina sequencing-based technology and constructed a reference rpoB database of 45,000 sequences. The rpoB and V3V4 markers were amplified and sequenced from (i) a mock community of 19 bacterial strains from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive lineages; (ii) bacterial assemblages associated with entomopathogenic nematodes. In metabarcoding analyses of mock communities with two analytical pipelines (FROGS and DADA2), the estimated diversity captured with the rpoB marker resembled the expected composition of these mock communities more closely than that captured with V3V4. The rpoB marker had a higher level of taxonomic affiliation, a higher sensitivity (detection of all the species present in the mock communities), and a higher specificity (low rates of spurious OTU detection) than V3V4. We applied both primers to infective juveniles of the nematode Steinernema glaseri. Both markers showed the bacterial community associated with this nematode to be of low diversity (< 50 OTUs), but only rpoB reliably detected the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus poinarii.

Conclusions
Our results confirm that different microbiota composition data may be obtained with different markers. We found that rpoB was a highly appropriate marker for assessing the taxonomic structure of mock communities and the nematode microbiota. Further studies on other ecosystems should be considered to evaluate the universal usefulness of the rpoB marker. Our data highlight two crucial elements that should be taken into account to ensure more reliable and accurate descriptions of microbial diversity in high-throughput amplicon sequencing analyses: i) the need to include mock communities as controls; ii) the advantages of using a multigenic approach including at least one housekeeping gene (rpoB is a good candidate) and one variable region of the 16S rRNA gene.
In vitro synergistic potentials of novel antibacterial combination therapies against Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Hossain Md Akil , Park Hae-Chul , Lee Kwang-jick , Park Sung-Won , Park Seung-Chun , Kang JeongWoo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: Bacteria have remarkable abilities to acquire resistance against antibiotics by several mechanisms. New strategies are needed to block the development of resistance and to prolong the life of traditional antibiotics. This study aimed to increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics by combining them with the opportunistic phenolic compound gallic acid (GA) and its derivatives. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indexes of phenolic compound-antibiotic combinations against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were determined. Based on the FIC indexes and clinical importance, 3 combinations were selected to evaluate their effects on the virulence factors of these bacteria. The in vitro cytotoxicity of GA and hamamelitannin in the Rattus norvegicus (IEC-6) cell line were evaluated.
Results: Phenolic compounds demonstrated considerable antibacterial effects as the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of epigallocatechin, GA and hamamelitannin found against different strains were (32–1024), (128–1024) and (512–≥2048) μg/mL, respectively. The FIC indexes of the combined antibacterials against these strains were 0.281–1.016. The ultrastructural morphology and time-kill assays showed that the GA-ceftiofur combination, and hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations more efficiently inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium and E. coli, respectively, compared to the individual antibiotics. Biofilm viability and the swimming and swarming motilities of S. Typhimurium in the presence of GA-ceftiofur and E. coli in the presence of the hamamelitannin-erythromycin and GA-ampicillin combinations were more competently inhibited than individual antimicrobials. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of GA and hamamelitannin in IEC-6 cells were 564.55 μM and 988.54 μM, respectively.
Conclusions: The phenolic compounds increase the efficacy of existing antibiotics might be by disrupting virulence factors. We can conclude that these antibacterial combinations are safe and can be potential medications to treat S. Typhimurium, E. coli and S. aureus infections in animals and humans. Further study to confirm this effect in in vivo system and to determine the precise mechanism of action should be undertaken to establish these combinations as medications.
Mineral water leads to a progressive increase of the microbiota diversity
Authors: Zhou Kun , Liu Weili , Chen Zhaoli , Yang Dong , Yang Zhongwei , Feng Hua , Li Chao , Jin Min , Yin Jing , Wang Huaran , Li Junwen , Xu Qunying , Shen Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background: The human gut harbors trillions of microbes, strongly bearing great importance for the health of the host. However, the effect of drinking water on gut microbiota has been poorly understood.
Results: In this study, we explored the response of BALB/c mice gut bacterial community (feces) to the different types of drinking water, including commercial bottled mineral water(MW), natural water(NW), purified water(PW) and tap water(TW). Feces were cultured with Brain Heart Infusion Broth dissolved in 4 types of drinking water. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was performed. Our results reveal that the gut microbiota composition is different among culturing with 4 types of drinking water. As the culture time increases, the number of OTUs significantly decreased except under the aerobic condition of MW. Under the aerobic condition in the 5th day, the considerable differences of alpha diversity index are found between MW and 3 others, consistent to that there are the most unique taxa in MW group. Importantly, the LEfSe analysis discovers that the Bacteroidetes taxa dominate the differences between MW and the other water types.
Conclusion: our findings demonstrate that the mineral water can lead to a progressive increase of the microbiota diversity by providing the growth convenience to Bacteroidetes.
Management of the west-central Seto Inland Sea, Japan: factors controlling the spatiotemporal distributions of chlorophyll a concentration and Secchi depth
Authors: Wang Feng , Umehara Akira , Nakai Satoshi , Nishijima Wataru 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Water quality data from 1981 to 2015 were used to elucidate the spatiotemporal distributions of chlorophyll a (Chl.a) concentration and Secchi depth in the west-central Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The results revealed that salinity and distance from the northern coastline were the main factors for predicting Chl.a concentration and Secchi depth, respectively. Significant differences in both of these were observed between subareas in spring, summer and autumn; differences were insignificant in winter. Chl.a concentrations have decreased for the past 35 years, while their extent differed in the subareas. A greater rate of decrease in Chl.a concentration was observed in the innermost Hiroshima Bay in spring, compared with other subareas, while no significant difference in different subareas was found in other seasons. Secchi depth has increased for the past 35 years, but no significant difference in its rate of increase was found among different subareas in all seasons. Total nitrogen loading better explained changes in mean Chl.a concentration than total phosphorus throughout the west-central Seto Inland Sea. Phytoplankton's contributions to light attenuation were low in the west-central Seto Inland Sea, indicating that the nutrient loading reduction programme has been of limited effectiveness in improving water clarity.
Inside the New Era in Treatment: Three Experts Analyze the Growing Spectrum of Therapy and Future Strategies
Authors: Rubin Lewis J. , Barst Robyn , Galiè Nazzareno 
Published: May 2019

Three physicians addressed key concerns in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in a discussion that ranged from special considerations in tailoring therapy to the role of new agents dramatically changing the algorithm for managing this disease.
The roundtable discussion was moderated by Lewis J. Rubin, MD, Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, and included Robyn Barst, MD, Professor of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, and Nazzareno Galiè MD, Professor at the Postgraduate School of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Italy.
Gender, Sex Hormones, and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Austin Eric D. 
Published: May 2019

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling of the distal pulmonary vasculature, ultimately leading to destruction and loss of the smallest pulmonary arteries.1 The ensuing syndrome of PAH is clinically characterized by reduced pulmonary arterial circulatory flow, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance, which ultimately results in failure of the right heart.2 In both children and adults, PAH presents as a primary disease or in association with a diverse range of diseases such as connective tissue diseases, portal hypertension, and congenital heart disease.3 Nearly all forms of World Health Organization (WHO) Group 1 PAH demonstrate a skewed gender ratio with significantly more females diagnosed with PAH than males.4–6
While the mechanistic details behind the female predominance remain unclear, this gender discrepancy may represent an opportunity for advanced biologic understanding and future therapeutic development. This article will briefly discuss the intersection of human, in vitro, and animal studies of PAH, and highlight the conflicting data that others have discussed and elegantly elaborated upon as the “estrogen paradox” in PAH.7–9
B@UNAM: Interdisciplina y actualización en el currículum integrado de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors: Vadillo Bueno Guadalupe , Villatoro Alvaradejo Carmen 
Published: May 2019

<p>El Bachillerato a Distancia de la UNAM se desarrolló para dar atención a población migrante mexicana en Estados Unidos y después se consideró para contribuir a la atención al rezago educativo así como a la cobertura de este nivel en México. Es interdisciplinario, busca desarrollar habilidades cognitivas, metacognitivas, comunicativas, metodológicas, matemáticas e informáticas. Está constituido por tres propedéuticos y 24 asignaturas que se cursan una a la vez y requieren 20 horas de dedicación semanal.</p><p>El estudiante cuenta con la asesoría de un profesor en línea que resuelve dudas, evalúa actividades diagnósticas, formativas y para certificación, y con el apoyo de un tutor especialista en Psicopedagogía. Al inicio de 2009 se ofrece en cuatro escuelas de extensión de la UNAM en Estados Unidos y Canadá, así como en México a través de la Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Distrito Federal, del programa SEP Prepárate, de la Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca y de la Universidad Virtual del estado de Guanajuato.</p><p> </p>
The Increase in The Results of The Study and The Activity of Learners Through The Method of Discovery Learning in Mathematics
Authors: Emylina Miza 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The background study of mathematics in the sixth grade at SDN 10 Nan Balimo districk of Tanjung Harapan Solok city,where teachers mostly use the lecture method and learning tasks.During these learning out comes visible only from the ability of learnes to memorizefacts. Although many students are able to present a good level of memorization of the material it receives,but in reality they often do not understand in depth the substance of the material.Therefore conducted research in the form of precycle,cycle I and cycle II.There are four important satges in this action research,that is : (1) Design, (2) implementation, (3) observation, (4) reflection, Arikunto,dkk ( 2006 : 20 )at SDN 10 Nan Balimo,changes in learning shown by mastering by learnes.
Effective learning activities cannot appear by itself but the teacher should be able to create learning that enables learnes archieve the goals that have been set optimally,improvement of learning out comes of student and interest of learnes to be able to understand learning materials using a makeshift media and methods that are less precise at first was somewhat less but after improvements both in terms of teaching methode and used the students interest and understanding of the learning material has begin to rise, and with the use of mathematical methods of discovery learning outcomes of students at SDN 10 Nan Balimo already increased due to the discovery method required students to find themselves in everyday life.
Keywords : learning outcome,methods of Discovery,learning of mathematics
Performance Evaluation of Red Pepper Varieties and Types of Seed Bed for The Management of Root Rot (Phytophtora Capsici) Disease at Central Gondar, Northwest, Ethiopia.
Authors: Mengist Yigerm , Birara Abebe 
Published: May 2019

Root rot caused by Phytophtora capsici is one of the most important root diseases of pepper. The experiment was conducted at Denbiya and Takusa district with aimed to evaluate effective red pepper varieties and types of seed bed against root rot disease. Five red pepper varieties namely Melka Dera, Melka Oli, Melka Zala, Marco Fana, local; and two seed bed types namely flat and raised bed were used as treatments. Treatments were arranged in a factorial combination in RCBD with three replication. Result showed that the minimum incidence and severity of 28.13 % and 19.8%, respectively was recorded from Melka Oli variety transplanted in a raised bed while the maximum incidence and a severity of 51.03% and 42.8%, respectively were recorded from local red pepper in flat seed bed. The maximum grain yield of 28.81 q/ha and insignificance yield losses were recorded from Melka Oli in raised beds while the minimum grain yield and maximum yield losses 11.12q/ha and 61.44%, respectively were recorded from local red pepper in flat seed bed. Therefore, results suggested that the use of Melka Oli variety transplanted at raised seed bed is promising for significant reduction in root rot incidence and a corresponding increase in yield of red pepper.
Preliminary in vitro screening of the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts from various Ficus species (Moraceae) against Yersinia ruckeri
Authors: Tkachenko Halyna , Buyun Lyudmyla , Terech-Majewska El¿bieta , Honcharenko Vitaliy , Prokopiv Andriy , Osadowski Zbigniew 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Remarkable progress in the field of antibacterial herbal therapy has been made in recent decades in response to the development of drug-resistant pathogens in aquaculture. Studies have focused on the in vitro antimicrobial activity screening of ethanolic extracts of various plants belonging to the genus Ficus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of ethanolic extracts of various Ficus species against Yersinia ruckeri. In vitro tests for antibacterial activity revealed that ethanolic leaf extracts of various Ficus species and their cultivars offer a promising alternative to antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for controlling the growth of Y. ruckeri. In our study, ethanolic extracts obtained from leaves of F. natalensis subsp. leprieurii and F. macrophylla proved effective against a bacterial strain at a dose of 400 pl standardized inoculum (108 CFU ml−1). It should be noted that Y. ruckeri demonstrated an intermediate susceptibility to more extracts derived from the leaves of Ficus species. Our investigation showed that among the various Ficus species, ethanolic leaf extracts of ten Ficus species against Y. ruckeri were the most effective. The effect of the leaf extracts that expressed the highest antimicrobial activity (F. macrophylla, F. natalensis subsp. leprieurii) against Y. ruckeri was comparable to that of gentamicin. Therefore, preliminary screening indicated that the ethanolic leaf extracts of some Ficus species with antibacterial properties can be used in aquaculture as therapeutic and prophylactic agents against fish pathogens, including Y. ruckeri.