bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2B‐Alert App: A mobile application for real‐time individualized prediction of alertness
Authors: Reifman Jaques , Ramakrishnan Sridhar , Liu Jianbo , Kapela Adam , Doty Tracy J. , Balkin Thomas J. , Kumar Kamal , Khitrov Maxim Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKnowing how an individual responds to sleep deprivation is a requirement for developing personalized fatigue management strategies. Here we describe and validate the 2B‐Alert App, the first mobile application that progressively learns an individual’s trait‐like response to sleep deprivation in real time, to generate increasingly more accurate individualized predictions of alertness. We incorporated a Bayesian learning algorithm within the validated Unified Model of Performance to automatically and gradually adapt the model parameters to an individual after each psychomotor vigilance test. We implemented the resulting model and the psychomotor vigilance test as a smartphone application (2B‐Alert App), and prospectively validated its performance in a 62‐hr total sleep deprivation study in which 21 participants used the app to perform psychomotor vigilance tests every 3 hr and obtain real‐time individualized predictions after each test. The temporal profiles of reaction times on the app‐conducted psychomotor vigilance tests were well correlated with and as sensitive as those obtained with a previously characterized psychomotor vigilance test device. The app progressively learned each individual’s trait‐like response to sleep deprivation throughout the study, yielding increasingly more accurate predictions of alertness for the last 24 hr of total sleep deprivation as the number of psychomotor vigilance tests increased. After only 12 psychomotor vigilance tests, the accuracy of the model predictions was comparable to the peak accuracy obtained using all psychomotor vigilance tests. With the ability to make real‐time individualized predictions of the effects of sleep deprivation on future alertness, the 2B‐Alert App can be used to tailor personalized fatigue management strategies, facilitating self‐management of alertness and safety in operational and non‐operational settings.
Treatment outcomes in patients with proven/probable vs possible invasive mould disease in a phase III trial comparing isavuconazole vs voriconazole
Authors: Maertens Johan , Selleslag Dominik , Heinz Werner J. , Saulay Mikael , Rahav Galia , Giladi Michael , Aoun Mickael , Kovanda Laura , Kaufhold Achim , Engelhardt Marc , Cornely Oliver A. , Herbrecht Raoul , Ullmann Andrew J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryTreatment outcomes in patients with proven/probable vs possible invasive mould disease (IMD; 2008 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group [EORTC/MSG] criteria) needed further assessment. The Phase III SECURE trial compared isavuconazole vs voriconazole for treatment of IMD. This post hoc analysis assessed all‐cause mortality (ACM) through day 42 (primary endpoint) and day 84, overall and clinical success at end of treatment (EOT), and drug‐related treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in subgroups with proven/probable or possible IMD. Of 516 randomised patients, 304 (58.9%) had proven/probable IMD and 164 (31.8%) had possible IMD as per EORTC/MSG criteria; 48 did not have IMD. Across treatment groups, day 42 and day 84 ACM were numerically lower for possible vs proven/probable IMD (day 42: 17.1% vs 21.1%; P = 0.3, day 84: 26.2% vs 32.6%; P = 0.15). Overall and clinical success at EOT were significantly higher for possible IMD compared with proven/probable IMD (48.2% vs 36.2%; P = 0.01, 75.0% vs 63.1%; P = 0.01 respectively). Fewer drug‐related TEAEs were reported with isavuconazole compared with voriconazole in patients with either proven/probable or possible IMD. Compared with patients with proven/probable IMD, those with possible IMD demonstrated higher overall and clinical success rates, supporting early initiation of antifungal treatment.
Human energy expenditure: advances in organ‐tissue prediction models
Authors: Heymsfield S. B. , Peterson C. M. , Bourgeois B. , Thomas D. M. , Gallagher D. , Strauss B. , Müller M. J. , Bosy‐Westphal A. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHumans expend energy at rest (REE), and this major energy exchange component is now usually estimated using statistical equations that include weight and other predictor variables. While these formulas are useful in evaluating an individual's or group's REE, an important gap remains: available statistical models are inadequate for explaining underlying organ‐specific and tissue‐specific mechanisms accounting for resting heat production. The lack of such systems level REE prediction models leaves many research questions unanswered. A potential approach that can fill this gap began with investigators who first showed in animals and later in humans that REE reflects the summated heat production rates of individual organs and tissues. Today, using advanced imaging technologies, REE can be accurately estimated from the measured in vivo mass of 10 organ‐tissue mass components combined with their respective mass‐specific metabolic rates. This review examines the next frontier of energy expenditure models and discusses how organ‐tissue models have the potential not only to better predict REE but also to provide insights into how perturbations in organ mass lead to structure–function changes across other interacting organ systems. The introductory ideas advanced in this review provide a framework for future human energy expenditure modelling research.
Volatile anesthesia for a child with LPIN1 gene mutation and recurrent rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Burstal Richard J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWe report the case of a boy with LPIN1 gene mutation presenting for adenotonsillectomy who was successfully managed with preoperative saline and glucose infusion followed by balanced anesthesia including sevoflurane. The anesthetic planning is described as there is no modern literature to guide the perioperative management of these children.
Impact of improved maize varieties on food security in Eastern Zambia: A doubly robust analysis
Authors: Manda Julius , Gardebroek Cornelis , Kuntashula Elias , Alene Arega D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of improved maize varieties on household food security in eastern Zambia using household survey data from a sample of over 800 rural households. Since treatment effect estimates are often prone to misspecification in either the treatment or outcome equation, we use the doubly robust inverse probability weighted regression adjustment method, complemented with propensity score matching on six different food security measures to obtain reliable impact estimates. Generally, we find a positive impact of improved maize adoption on food security across the two econometric approaches. Maize being the most important food staple in Zambia has a great bearing on the food security status of farm households. It is therefore imperative that a conducive environment is created that promotes the adoption of maize yield improving technologies.
The Social Function of Autobiographical Stories in the Personal and Virtual World: An Initial Investigation
Authors: Alea Nicole , Bluck Susan , Mroz Emily L. , Edwards Zanique 
Published: July 2018

AbstractReceiving another's autobiographical story may serve to elicit feelings of liking and empathy for the story sharer. Research has mostly examined social functions of autobiographical stories for in‐person communications. The current experiment (N = 60) examined whether levels of liking, closeness, and empathy felt for a stranger (female confederate) after receiving her story depended on if (a) the story was received in‐person or through instant message (IM), and (b) the story was positive or negative. Liking and having empathy for the stranger was higher in the in‐person conditions compared to IM conditions. This effect was mediated by how engaged participants were with the story. Participants liked the stranger more after receiving the positive autobiographical story, but they felt more empathy toward her after the negative autobiographical story. The discussion considers parameters of the communication platform and people's perceptions of stories as explanations for the results. Limitations are considered.
International research and guidelines on post-tuberculosis chronic lung disorders: a systematic scoping review
Authors: van Kampen Sanne C , Wanner Amanda , Edwards Miles , Harries Anthony D , Kirenga Bruce J , Chakaya Jeremiah , Jones Rupert 
Published: July 2018

IntroductionPulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an important risk factor for chronic respiratory disease due to residual lung damage. Yet, the WHO End TB strategy does not mention post-TB chronic lung disorders (PTBLDs) and programmatic interventions to address PTBLD are lacking. This study assessed the scope of current guidelines and evidence on PTBLD to inform policy and research action.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Eight databases (TRIP, International Guideline Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Global Health, Cochrane Library) were searched for records on PTBLD published between 1 January 1990 and 1 December 2017. Non-English records, case series, conference abstracts and letters to editors were excluded. Data were extracted and charted on publication year, location, PTBLD condition(s) and main study outcome.ResultsA total of 212 guidelines and 3661 articles were retrieved. After screening, only three international TB guidelines mentioned TB sequelae, but none described how to identify or manage the condition. A total of 156 articles addressed PTBLD: 54 (35%) mentioned unspecified TB sequelae; 47 (30%) specific post-TB conditions including aspergillosis, bronchial stenosis or bronchiectasis; 52 (33%) post-TB obstructive disorders or lung function impairment; and 20 (13%) post-TB respiratory symptoms or chest X-ray abnormalities. The first two groups mostly assessed surgery or ventilation techniques for patient management, while the last two groups typically assessed prevalence or predictors of disease.ConclusionThis is the first review to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on PTBLD. The scope of evidence around the burden of PTBLD warrants inclusion and recognition of the problem in international TB guidelines. Research is now needed on early detection of PTBLD and patient management options that are suitable for high-burden TB countries.
The Efficacy of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for the treatment of chronic diabetic macular oedema in vitrectomised eyes: a retrospective study
Authors: Mieno Hiroki , Yoneda Kazuhito , Yamazaki Masahiro , Sakai Ryosuke , Sotozono Chie , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the change of chronic diabetic macular oedema (DMO) in vitrectomised eyes when the administration of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is initiated as a systemic medical treatment.Methods and analysisThis study involved 10 eyes of five patients with chronic DMO lasting more than 6 months who had previously undergone vitrectomy and whose systemic medical treatments were newly changed to SGLT2 inhibitors. In this study, chronic DMO was defined as persistent diffuse macular oedema despite ophthalmic treatment in patients with diabetes. Patients who received antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy or steroids administration, or change of eye-drop medication from at 3 months before and after the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors, were excluded. In this study, visual acuity (VA) and central retinal thickness (CRT, μm) prior to and at 3, 6 and 12 months after the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitors were retrospectively compared. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn the 10 treated eyes, from at baseline to at 3, 6 and 12 months after the initiation of SGLT2 inhibitor, median VA (logMAR) improved from 0.35 to 0.15 (p=0.038), 0.2 (p=0.157) and 0.2 (p=0.096), respectively, and median CRT significantly reduced from 500.5 µm to 410 µm (p<0.01), 378 µm (p<0.01) and 339 µm (p<0.01), respectively.ConclusionAlthough this study involved only five patients, our findings indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors might have structural efficacy for chronic DMO in vitrectomised eyes.
Focused educational intervention improves but may not sustain knowledge regarding falls management
Authors: Kempegowda Punith , Chandan Joht Singh , Hutton Richard , Brown Lauren , Madden Wendy , Webb June , Doyle Alison , Treml Jonathan 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe number of falls in hospital ranges from 3.8 to 8.6 falls per 1000 bed days.1Around 30% of falls as inpatients are injurious, and 4%–6% can result in serious and life-threatening injury.2 3This results in significant health burdens and economic burdens due to increased hospital stays following a fall. Junior doctors are usually the first point of contact for managing patients who fall in hospital. It is therefore important they understand the preventative measures and postfalls management.AimTo assess the retention of knowledge regarding falls management in foundation year 1 (FY1) doctors before and after a short educational intervention.MethodsA 3-stage quality improvement project was conducted at a West Midlands teaching hospital to highlight issues regarding falls management. A questionnaire assessing areas of knowledge regarding assessment and management of falls was delivered to 31 F1s. This was followed by a short presentation regarding falls management. The change in knowledge was assessed at 6 and 16 weeks postintervention. The questionnaire results were analysed using unpaired t-tests on STATA (V.14.2).ResultsThe mean score for knowledge regarding falls management in the preintervention, early postintervention and late postintervention were 73.7%, 85.2% and 76.4%, respectively. Although there was an improvement in the knowledge at 6 weeks’ postintervention, this returned to almost baseline at 16 weeks. The improvement in knowledge did not translate to clinical practice of falls management during this period.ConclusionAlthough educational interventions improve knowledge, the intervention failed to sustain over period of time or translate in clinical practice. Further work is needed to identify alternative methods to improve sustainability of the knowledge of falls and bring in the change in clinical practice.
The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test: reliability of a novel upper body isometric strength test in elite rugby players
Authors: Ashworth Ben , Hogben Patrick , Singh Navraj , Tulloch Laura , Cohen Daniel D 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesLower limb isometric tests are used to assess strength and strength asymmetries and monitor reductions in muscle force that may contribute to loss of performance and increase injury risk. Isometric tests in the upper body may be appropriate to monitor neuromuscular performance of the shoulder joint in sports involving contact and overhead actions. The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of a novel upper body isometric strength test.MethodsEighteen elite rugby players (age 22.4±4.6 years; body mass 95.5±13.4 kg) were tested on consecutive days. Maximal isometric contractions using both limbs against a force platform were assessed at three angles of abduction (180°, ‘I’; 135°, ‘Y’ and 90°, ‘T’), in a prone lying position. To evaluate interday reliability, intraclass coefficients (ICC) were calculated for mean net peak force (NPF) and highest NPF achieved in any trial (peak NPF). Intratrial variability was assessed using coefficient of variation (CV), and the standard error of measurement (SEM) was used to calculate minimal detectable change (MDC).ResultsInterday reliability for NPF was excellent in all test positions (ICC 0.94–0.98). The test demonstrated high absolute reliability values (SEM 4.8–10.8) and interday measurement error was below 10% in all test positions (CV 5.0–9.9%) except for the non-dominant arm I-position (CV 11.3%). Minimum detectable change was between 13.2 and 25.9 N.ConclusionThe Athletic Shoulder test demonstrated excellent reliability for each test position supporting its use as a reliable tool to quantify the ability to produce and transfer force across the shoulder girdle.
Right ventricular mechanics and contractility after aortic valve replacement surgery: a randomised study comparing minimally invasive versus conventional approach
Authors: Hashemi Nashmil , Johnson Jonas , Brodin Lars-Åke , Gomes-Bernardes Andreia , Sartipy Ulrik , Svenarud Peter , Dalén Magnus , Bäck Magnus , Alam Mahbubul , Winter Reidar 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveMinimally invasive aortic valve replacementsurgery (MIAVR) is an alternative surgical technique to conventional aortic valve replacement surgery (AVR) in selected patients. The randomised study Cardiac Function after Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Implantation (CMILE) showed that right ventricular (RV) longitudinal function was reduced after both MIAVR and AVR, but the reduction was more pronounced following AVR. However, postoperative global RV function was equally impaired in both groups. The purpose of this study was to explore alterations in RV mechanics and contractility following MIAVR as compared with AVR.MethodsA predefined post hoc analysis of CMILE consisting of 40 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who were eligible for isolated surgical aortic valve replacement were randomised to MIAVR or AVR. RV function was assessed by echocardiography prior to surgery and 40 days post-surgery.ResultsComparing preoperative to postoperative values, RV longitudinal strain rate was preserved following MIAVR (−1.5±0.5 vs −1.5±0.4 1/s, p=0.84) but declined following AVR (−1.7±0.3 vs −1.4±0.3 1/s, p<0.01). RV longitudinal strain reduced following AVR (−27.4±2.9% vs −18.8%±4.7%, p<0.001) and MIAVR (−26.5±5.3% vs −20.7%±4.5%, p<0.01). Peak systolic velocity of the lateral tricuspid annulus reduced by 36.6% in the AVR group (9.3±2.1 vs 5.9±1.5 cm/s, p<0.01) and 18.8% in the MIAVR group (10.1±2.9 vs 8.2±1.4 cm/s, p<0.01) when comparing preoperative values with postoperative values.ConclusionsRV contractility was preserved following MIAVR but was deteriorated following AVR. RV longitudinal function reduced substantially following AVR. A decline in RV longitudinal function was also observed following MIAVR, however, to a much lesser extent.
Towards the Emulation of the Cardiac Conduction System for Pacemaker Validation
Authors: Yip Eugene , Andalam Sidharta , Roop Partha S. , Malik Avinash , Trew Mark L. , Ai Weiwei , Patel Nitish 
Published: July 2018

The heart is a vital organ that relies on the orchestrated propagation of electrical stimuli to coordinate each heartbeat. Abnormalities in the heart’s electrical behaviour can be managed with a cardiac pacemaker. Recently, the closed-loop testing of pacemakers with an emulation (real-time simulation) of the heart has been proposed. This enables developers to interrogate their pacemaker design without having to engage in costly or lengthy clinical trials. Many high-fidelity heart models have been developed, but are too computationally intensive to be simulated in real-time. Heart models, designed specifically for the closed-loop testing of pacemaker logic, are too abstract to be useful for the testing of pacemaker implementations.
In the context of pacemaker testing, compared to high-fidelity heart models, this article presents a more computationally efficient heart model that generates realistic piecewise continuous electrical signals. The heart model is composed of cardiac cells that are connected by paths. Our heart model is based on the Stony Brook cardiac cell model and the UPenn path model, and improves them by stabilising the activation behaviour of the cells and by capturing the piecewise continuous behaviour of electrical propagation. We provide simulation results that show our ability to faithfully model a range of arrhythmias, such as VA conduction, heart blocks, and long Q-T syndrome. Moreover, re-entrant circuits (that cause arrhythmia) can be faithfully modelled, which only the discrete-event UPenn heart model is also able to achieve.
Experience report: types for a relational algebra library
Authors: Augustsson Lennart , Ågren Mårten 
Published: July 2018

As part of our software toolkit at a major financial institution we have a library for relational algebra. This library is written in C++ and the type checking of the operations on the relations is very dynamic; all relations have the same static type. Of course, relational algebra operations have stringent type constraints, and since we believe in static typing, we would prefer these to be checked at compile time.
We have managed to get full static type checking of the relational code, using some modern extensions to the Haskell type system, such as closed type families, type level strings, user-defined kinds, and custom type errors. The static type checking incurs no runtime overhead compared to the dynamically checked library.
Some effort has gone into making the use of the typed library similar to the dynamically typed version. We have also tried to produce good error messages when something is wrong.
Revisiting software transactional memory in Haskell
Authors: Le Matthew , Yates Ryan , Fluet Matthew 
Published: July 2018

Software Transactional Memory (STM) has become very popular in Haskell. Currently, there are nearly 500 packages on Haskell’s package archive that directly use STM. Despite the widespread use in real world applications, Haskell’s STM implementation has seen very few updates since its introduction in 2005.
In this work, we describe our efforts to redesign the STM implementation in the Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC), based on a TL2-like implementation that is able to support both <code>orElse</code> and <code>retry</code> without the use of traditional nested transactions. We argue that our implementation is simpler than the current GHC implementation while supporting opacity. We also demonstrate that our implementation performs better than the current GHC implementation on a number of benchmarks by multiple orders of magnitude for long-running transactions.
In an effort to measure the performance of <code>orElse</code> and <code>retry</code>, we present an STM-based work stealing scheduler. With <code>orElse</code> and <code>retry</code>, we are able to elegantly implement the scheduler in just a few lines of code. We have modified the Par Monad, a real-world Haskell package that provides deterministic parallelism, to use our STM-based work stealing scheduler and show that it is not only simpler but is able to perform as well as the current scheduler.