bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cationic Proteins of Human Granulocytes. II. Separation of the Cationic Proteins of the Granules of Leukemic Myeloid Cells
Authors: Olsson I. , Venge P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The highly cationic proteins of human granulocytes, whose electrophoretic mobilities toward the cathode are faster than that for lysozyme, were isolated from the cytoplasmic granules of leukocytes, obtained from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. The granule extract was subjected to chromatography on Sephadex G-75 and E-aminocaproic acid-Sepharose ion adsorbant followed by preparative electrophoresis on agarose. Seven cationic protein components were identified, and five of these were obtained in a pure form. One group of cationic proteins, including components 1-4, exhibited molecular weights in the range 25,500-28,500, almost identical amino acid composition, and complete immunologic identity. Another group of proteins, including components 5-7, exhibited molecular weights in the range 21,000-29,000 and also showed complete immunologic identity; amino acid analysis performed on component 5 indicated a different amino acid composition from that of components 1-4. Cationic proteins with similar electrophoretic mobilities and immunochemical identities were also detected in granule extracts of granulocytes from healthy individuals. The proteins isolated from human granulocytes have a higher molecular weight and a lower content of basic amino acids than the cationic proteins with antibacterial and permeability-increasing properties previously demonstrated in rabbit polymorphonuclear granulocytes.
Impaired Erythropoietin Response in Anemic Premature Infants
Authors: Buchanan George R. , Schwartz Allen D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Serum erythrepoietin (ESF) levels were measured by the polycythemic mouse bioassay in a group of normal premature infants with physiologic anemia. No ESF was detected in these infants, while a group of older anemic children with similar hematocrit values had elevated levels. An impaired ESF response in these infants may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the anemia of prematurity. Tissue oxygen requirements in the premature infant are probably met in some way despite diminished ESF production and low hematocrit levels.
Teaching Blood Morphology: Audiovisual Method Compared to Microscope Slides With Written Text and Instructor
Authors: Stanley John , Reich Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two methods of teaching first-year medical students peripheral blood morphology were compared. A group of 27 students learned using a self-teaching audiovisual method of 35-mm color slides accompanied by an audio tape explanation. A group of 20 students were taught using the classic method of microscope slides explained by a written text, with an instructor to point out morphology. Both methods presented the same information to the students. Both groups were evaluated by a quiz consisting of actual blood smears. Although the mean learning time per student for the color slide group was significantly shorter than that for the microscope group, there was no significant difference between the mean quiz scores of the two groups, and both were significantly greater than the mean score of a control group which had no learning session.
Type I Dyserythropoietic Anemia in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Maldonado Jorge E. , Taswell Howard F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 58-yr-old woman is described in whom light and electron microscopic studies of bone marrow revealed the typical features of type I dyserythropoietic anemia. This form of anemia may be first diagnosed late in life, and caution should be exerted to avoid its confusion with preleukemia or erythroleukemia.
Hemoglobin Andrew-Minneapolis αA2β144 Lys → Asn2: A New High-Oxygen-Affinity Mutant Human Hemoglobin
Authors: Zak Solomon J. , Brimhall Bernadine , Jones Richard T. , Kaplan Manuel E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The functional properties and primary structure of a new β-chain mutant of human hemoglobin are described. The mutant was transmitted as an autosomal dominant characteristic. Affected members of the kindred exhibited marked erythrocytosis due to the high oxygen affinity of the resultant hemoglobin. The abnormality is associated with a substitution of an asparaginyl residue for lysine in the 144 position of the β-chain, αA2β144Lys→Asn2, presumably due to an AAA/G to AAA/U transversion. The mutant hemoglobin displayed a profound increase in oxygen affinity, with a P50 of the fresh whole blood of 14 mm Hg. The isolated mutant hemoglobin exhibited near normal heme—heme interaction, a half-normal Bohr effect, and normal reactivity with 2,3-diphosphoglycerate.
The Dependence of Shape of Human Erythrocyte Ghosts on Calcium, Magnesium, and Adenosine Triphosphate
Authors: Palek Jiri , Stewart Gwendolyn , Lionetti Fabian J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
ATP depletion of erythrocytes is associated with discocyte-echinocyte transformation and accumulation of calcium. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether this shape transformation results from interaction of Ca2+, Mg2+, and ATP with structural proteins of the membrane. ATP, Mg2+, or Ca2+ were incorporated into ghosts during hypotonic hemolysis followed by restoration of isotonicity with NaCl and incubation. Reconstituted ghosts were examined by electron microscope after osmium tetroxide fixation followed by platinum and carbon shadowing and in-phase contrast microscope. Four ghost configurations were observed: (1) flat, discoidal electron-penetrable ghosts were produced when ghosts were prepared without any additives, or with ATP alone, Mg2+ alone, or EDTA; (2) biconcave and cup-shaped less electron-penetrable ghosts predominated when equimolar concentrations of Mg2+ and ATP (0.5-2 mM) were introduced into ghosts during hemolysis; (3) spherical, spiculated, or markedly deformed electron-dense ghosts of smaller volume were the prevalent shape forms when Ca2+ alone was introduced during hemolysis; (4) small, smooth, electron-dense spheroids were present when both Ca2+ and Mg ATP (2 mM) were added during hemolysis. The above shapes were independent of ouabain, monovalent cations (NaCl, KCl, or choline chloride), transmembrane osmotic gradient, and ghost volume. The shape effects of Ca2+ and Mg ATP were prevented by preincubation of red cells with SH-blocking agent N-ethylmaleimide (4 mM) and by repeated ghost washing, which was associated with removal of water-soluble fibrous proteins from membranes. It is concluded that the interaction of Ca2+, Mg2+, and ATP with membrane structural proteins exerts a significant role in the control of shape of human erythrocytes.
Erythropoietic Colonies in Cultures of Human Marrow
Authors: Tepperman A. D. , Curtis J. E. , McCulloch E. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The cell culture method originally devised by Stephenson and Axelrad for erythropoietin-dependent erythropoietic colony formation (CFU-E) by mouse cells has been adapted to human marrow. Erythropoietic colonies from human marrow contain between eight and 150 cells and reach maximum growth after 7-9 days of incubation. Progenitors of larger colonies differ from the total pool of human CFU-E in that they have a slower mean sedimentation velocity and a greater erythropoietin requirement. The assay is quantitative and was used to determine the radiation sensitivity of human erythropoietic progenitors. The parameters of the survival curve are: Do = 113 ± 7.8, n = 1.5 ± 0.15.
A Red Cell Enzyme Method for the Diagnosis of Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Authors: Magnussen C. Richard , Levine Joel B. , Doherty Joyce M. , Cheesman Judy O. , Tschudy Donald P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method has been devised for the measurement of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase ih red cells. By using trichloroacetic acid as a protein precipitant, heme is removed from the final solution, allowing accurate measurement of porphyrins. The method is highly reproducible and adaptable to varying incubation volumes and enzyme preparations. It is of great value as an enzyme diagnostic method for acute intermittent porphyria and appears capable of detecting patients with the latent disease who have normal urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen excretion. It also appears to distinguish other types of porphyria from acute intermittent porphyria. The mean value of the enzyme in red cells of patients with acute intermittent porphyria was approximately 50% that of normals, indicating that the mutation causes complete lack of catalytic activity in the mutant enzyme.
Effects of erythropoietin on erythroid colony formation in uremic rabbit bone marrow cultures
Authors: Moriyama Y , Fisher JW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythropoietin-responsive stem cell (ERC) kinetics in anephric uremic rabbits were studied in vitro using the growth of erythroid colonies in a methyl cellulose system in cultures with and without the addition of erythropoietin (ESF). Approximately 68 hr after bilateral nephrectomy, an increase in BUN and decreases in hematocrit and marrow erythroid cellularity were seen. However, the numbers of erythroid colonies formed in response to ESF on plates inoculated with 2 times 10–5 cells were greater in anephric rabbit marrows than in normal controls. In addition, the numbers of erythroid colonies produced by the uremic and normal marrows in the presence of ESF were increased in proportion to the number of precursors plated. These findings suggest that, in uremia, the concentration of ERC is increased and that the ERC are capable of responding normally to ESF. The increase in the number of erythroid colonies of uremia may be due to the undisturbed flow of uncommitted hematopoietic stem cells into the ERC compartment in the presence of a delay of differentiation of ERC into heme-synthesizing nucleated erythroid cells due to a lack of ESF.
Selective damage to erythroblasts by 55-Fe
Authors: Reincke U , Burlington H , Cronkite EP , Hillman M , Laissue J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The low energy and short range of 55-Fe Auger electrons were utilized in mice to deliver lethal intracellular radiation to iron-incorporating erythropoietic precursors with minimal radiation damage to other bone marrow cells. The ensuing intramedullary, selective erythropoietic death was demonstrated by absolute and differential bone marrow cell counts and by decreased blood uptake of 59-Fe. The decreased number of colony-forming units in spleen colony assay and the decreased ability of tranplanted bone marrow to protect fatally irradiated mice shows that the bone marrow was partially depleted of pluripotent stem cells. These data are interpreted to indicate an increased pluripotent stem cell utilization in response to increased demand for differentiation of stem cells along the erythropoietic pathway.
The presence of hemoglobin S and C Harlem in an individual in the United States
Authors: Moo-Penn W , Bechtel K , Jue D , Chan MS , Hopkins G , Schneider NJ , Wright J , Schmidt RM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The first reported case of hemoglobin S and C Harlem in an individual is described. The patient, a 35-yr-old female, had numerous crises during adolescence and early adulthood, but these occurred more infrequently as she grew older. Chemical evidence is presented for the characterization of both variant hemoglobins. The clinical course of this individual with Hb S in combination with Hb C Harlem appears to be similar to that for persons with sickle cell anemia.
Unregulated growth of murine leukemic cells and suppression of normal granulocyte growth in diffusion chamber cultures
Authors: Miller AM , Marmor JB , Page PL , Russell JL , Robinson SH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The patterns of proliferation of C1498 mouse acute leukemic cells have been studied using the diffusion chamber technique of cell culture. These malignant cells grow to the same maximal cell concentration irrespective of initial cell input. Leukemic cells proliferate equally well with or without the stimulus of prior host irradiation. When cells cultured for several days are diluted to the original input concentration and recultured, they rapidly proliferate back to maximal cell number. All of these findings are in sharp contrast to the behavior of granulocytes from normal mouse marrow grown in the same culture system. Co-culutre of equal numbers of normal marrow cells and leukemic cells results in virtually complete inhibition of normal marrow cells and leukemic cells results in virtually complete inhibition of normal granulocyte growth. These experiments provide a means of studying malignant growth of leukemic cells, as compared to the controlled growth and differentiation of normal granulocytes, and mechanisms by which leukemic cells suppress normal granulocyte development.
Applicability of an enzymatic quantitation of methylmalonic, propionic, and acetic acids in normal and megaloblastic states
Authors: Frenkel EP , Kitchens RL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A rapid sensitive spectrophotometric assay for the measurement of methylmalonic and propionic acids in urine is described. The assay is based upon the quantitation of propionic acid using acetyl coenzyme A synthetase isolated from baker's yeast. This enzyme is highly specific for acetate and propionate, and acetate interference is eliminated by conversion to citrate. Methylmalonic acid was assayed by converting it to propionate by heat decarboxylation and then measuring the propionate increment over the endogenous amount in the noncarboxylated sample. Studies of urine obtained from normal subjects (by isolation, partial purification, and then assay by the isotope dilution technique) demonstrated urinary excretion of less than 1 mg of propionic acid and 1–5 mg of methylmalonic acid per day. In 22 consecutive patients with documented vitamin B12 deficiency, methylmalonic acid excretion in excess of 30 mg/24 hr was found. In four other patients, with only neurologic involvement methylmalonic aciduria aided in identifying B12 deficiency as an etiologic factor. Methylmalonic acid excretion was measured by direct assay of an aliquot of urine, requiring neither a valine load nor special extraction procedures. Propionic aciduria was variably increased in B12 deficiency and did not correlate either with the severity of the deficit or degree of methylmalonic aciduria. The assay was performed on urine, but it is potentially applicable to tissue extracts. In addition, this assay method can be utilized for the quantification of urine acetate levels as well.
Rabbit factor VIII: identification of size heterogeneity
Authors: Rick ME , Wampler DE , Hoyer LW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two forms of rabbit factor VIII procoagulant activity, distinguishable by size on gel filtration and ultracentrifugation, have been identified in normal rabbit plasma. These studies have been carried out with citrate-anticoagulated rabbit plasma obtained by cardiac puncture. Two peaks of factor VIII activity were obtained on agarose gel chromatography, using physiologic ionic strength buffers: a high molecular weight peak eluting at the void volume and a second peak eluting with smaller plasma proteins. The presence of high and low molecular weight factor VIII activities was confirmed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The two peaks of factor VIII activity remained distinct when proteolytic inhibitors were added to the plasma and eluting buffers. Both the high and low molecular weight factor VIII procoagulant activities were inhibited by antibodies to human and rabbit factor VIII, and both were activated by thrombin. The identification of size heterogeneity of factor VIII in normal rabbit plasma, in the absence of any modification by ionic strength, may permit more satisfactory study of the relationship of factor VIII size to function.
THE ONE-STAGE PROTHROMBIN CONSUMPTION TEST
Authors: STEFANINI MARIO , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The results of the one-stage prothrombin consumption test, performed in a group of patients with various abnormalities of the hemostatic mechanism, are reported. It appears that the test accurately identifies those conditions such as hemophilia and thrombocytopenic purpura which involve a deficiency of available thromboplastin. Other conditions examined in which a hemorrhagic tendency may develop (hypoprothrombinemia, polycythemia vera, pseudohemophilia) showed a normal consumption of prothrombin. In the hypoprothrombinemia due to dicumarol therapy, the limited amount of available prothrombin appears to have been well utilized during the process of coagulation.
2. It appears that correction of the results obtained for accelerator activity of serum is hardly ever necessary, since this effect is not of such magnitude as to modify the results of the prothrombin consumption test to any extent. A formula for such correction is given.
THE INTESTINAL CONTENT IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA OF FACTORS FOR THE GROWTH OF STREPTOCOCCUS FAECALIS AND LACTOBACILLUS LEICHMANNII
Authors: GIRDWOOD RONALD H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The gastric juice and small intestinal secretions of three cases of untreated pernicious anemia and two control patients obtained during a period of fasting contained only very small amounts of pteroylglutamic acid or of factors for the growth of L. leichmannii, which include vitamin B12; there was no evidence of a consistent increase or decrease of these factors along the intestine.
Both pteroylglutamic acid and vitamin B12 appear to be synthesized in relatively large amounts in the large intestine; in a patient with pernicious anemia, the daily output in the stools may be about 5 micrograms of vitamin B12 and 0.5 mg. of pteroylglutamic acid. Similar quantities may be present in patients not suffering from this disorder.
INTRAVASCULAR HEMAGGLUTINATION
Authors: DAY RICHARD , PERRY ELISE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Severe degrees of intravascular red cell agglutination have been observed during life in rats injected with anti-rat red cell serum and in a patient of 11 months with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia. There was no significant fall in the tissue oxygen tension or in the total oxygen consumption of the rats. Neither the rats nor the infant developed kernicterus. In a baby dying with kernicterus no true hemagglutination was observed, although there was slight sludging such as is seen in many illnesses. Additional support for the belief that the red cells in this case were not clumped lies in the fact that in vitro clumping was not observed; furthermore, the sedimentation rate was only 1 mm. in one hour. The blood of the injected rats and of the other infant who did not develop kernicterus sedimented extremely rapidly and displayed spontaneous agglutination in vitro. These observations indicate that intravascular agglutination has little if any bearing on the development of kernicterus in erythroblastosis fetalis.
CIRCULATING ANTICOAGULANTS IN HEMOPHILIA AND IN HEMOPHILIA-LIKE DISEASE
Authors: SINGER KARL , MOND ERNEST , HYMAN JULIAN , LEVY ROBERT C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemophilia-like disease may be defined as a hemorrhagic diathesis characterized by a prolonged clotting time and the presence of a circulating anticoagulant. Clinical data, such as occurrence in females or onset late in life in males, are of great value in establishing the diagnosis. It is to be distinguished from hemophilia complicated by the development of an anticoagulant following blood transfusions. Differentiation of these disorders is of practical significance because hemophilia-like disease is not hereditary and the clotting anomaly may disappear spontaneously.
2. Two cases with circulating anticoagulants are reported. In the first patient with hemophilia-like disease the anticoagulant was dialyzable and present for a limited period of time only. In the second patient, a 4 year old boy, the distinction between hemophilia-like disease due to an anticoagulant and pre-existing hemophilia with a complicating anticoagulant could not be made.
3. Analysis of the mode of action of the anticoagulants in these 2 cases showed interference with the formation of thromboplastin, although some antithromboplastic activity could not be excluded.
4. A simple technic for testing for circulating anticoagulants is described. It is recommended that this test be performed routinely in all patients with a bleeding tendency and a prolonged clotting time.
THE ACTION OF PTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID ON BLOOD DYSCRASIAS INDUCED BY THIOURACIL AND PROPYLTHIOURACIL
Authors: DELOR R. A. , PETERING H. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thiouracil and propylthiouracil fed to rats on purified diets produced severe granulocytopenia, and general leukopenia.
These blood dyscrasias were prevented by simultaneous administration of pteroylglutamic acid or liver in amounts to furnish at least 50 γ per cent of folic acid activity.
The leukopenia and granulocytopenia due to thiouracil could not be altered by excessive administration of pyridoxine hydrochloride.
The anemia in rats due to propylthiouracil was not appreciably influenced by folic acid.
CHANGES IN CIRCULATING LEUKOCYTES FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF ADRENAL CORTEX EXTRACT (ACE) AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) IN INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS AND CHRONIC LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA
Authors: SAUNDERS RICHARD H. , ADAMS ELIJAH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reduction in absolute numbers of circulating lymphocytes and eosinophils was observed after administering 25 cc. intravenous doses of aqueous ACE to normal adults. Such changes did not occur after a comparable intravenous dose of physiologic saline. Patients with infectious mononucleosis showed hematologic responses to ACE and ACTH both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those observed in normal persons, while a small group of persons with chronic lymphatic leukemia failed to respond with a characteristic fall in lymphocytes either after ACTH or after doses of ACE twice as great as those effective in normal persons and in patients with infectious mononucleosis. A single individual with Addison’s disease responded to 25 cc. of ACE by vein with a more prominent lymphocyte reduction than was observed in any of the normal subjects studied. No changes in heterophile antibody titers or titers of enteric agglutinins were noted in persons with infectious mononucleosis or normal subjects within eight hours after the administration of ACTH or aqueous ACE.
THE EFFECT OF CYSTEINE ON THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF THE IRRADIATED RAT
Authors: PATT HARVEY M. , SMITH DOUGLAS E. , JACKSON EUGENIA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A single injection of cysteine (950 mg. per Kg., I.V.) 5 minutes before total-body exposure of rats to x-rays (800 r) significantly modified the radiation-induced hematologic changes. Depression of the heterophils, lymphocytes, and erythrocytes was less severe and recovery more rapid. The hematologic observations are consistent with the thesis that cysteine reduces the biological effectiveness of the radiation.
LEUKEMIA IN A THREE MONTH OLD INFANT
Authors: JONES FRANCIS S. , NUMAINVILLE LEON J. , HAUSE WELLAND A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of myelogenous leukemia with chloromatous tumors in a three month old female infant is described and briefly discussed. Search through the literature revealed only 2 cases of chloroma which occurred in infants younger than the case presented.