bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant Form and Aesthetic Emotion
Authors: Hussey Mark 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The early twentieth-century revolution in visual art that came to be known in England as post-impressionism emphasized the view that artistic creativity resides not only in the making of the artwork, but also in the interaction between the artwork and the spectator, an orientation which the contemporary discipline of neuroaesthetics holds in our time. Clive Bell’s theory of “significant form” provided an approachable way for the British public to integrate their understanding of the new art into existing notions of art history and led to a severely diminished role for representation in visual art. Bell’s theory is identifiable as one manifestation of pervasive changes in the understanding of creativity and perception that were sweeping through Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Bell could not say why certain combinations of lines and colors led to the experience of an “aesthetic emotion,” only that they did. Contemporary researchers in neuroaesthetics, such as Semir Zeki, have returned to Bell’s notion to ask whether the experience of aesthetic emotion might be due to some common neural organization. This chapter points to commonalities between the speculations of Bell and other members of the Bloomsbury Group, such as Virginia Woolf and Roger Fry, and those of contemporary researchers into brain processes.
The Musical Imagination
Authors: Adolphe Bruce 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Composers have taken various approaches to create musical compositions, including an exploration of the relationship between intellect, emotion, and memory as they combine in the imagination. In this chapter, aspects of compositional thought—defined primarily in terms of dreaming and thinking—are considered in detail, and the reader is given means to explore these methods of thought through specific imagination exercises. The author also examines these concepts through historical and contemporary examples of the creative process, with analyses that link personal real-life experiences to musical ideas in music by Mozart and Beethoven, as well as in works by the author. Examples of the author’s own creative process are examined, with particular attention paid to the relationship of inspiration and improvisation to the selection of ideas and the realization of those ideas through technique and craft. A central focus is the process of creative decision-making and its link to emotional authenticity as a manifestation of the composer’s memories and inner life. The idea of truth and personal artistic expression is investigated. Particular principles of composing—surprise, emotional authenticity, economy, and unity—serve as essential tools for assessment during the composing process. The role of unconscious thought is considered as an aspect of the mysterious side of the creative process, linked to dreaming and associative thinking. Finding musical inspiration from real life, neuroscience, and preexisting music are considered in depth within the context of compositional analysis. Neuroscience in particular is explored along with the composer’s work with neuroscientist Antonio Damasio.
An American Icon Crosses the Pacific
Authors: Yoshihara Mari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Leonard Bernstein’s early career was shaped by the global politics of World War II and its aftermath as well as his interest in the world beyond the United States, his understanding of war, and his dedication to peace. It was also propelled by the United States government’s investment in his background, qualities, and success in its war effort and postwar public relations. The initial encounter of Kazuko Amano (born Ueno) with Bernstein was enabled by the cultural policy of US occupation forces. After her initial fan letter to Bernstein in 1947, she followed his rising career through recordings, broadcasts, and performances and became Japan’s most loyal fan of the maestro, who quickly became an American icon with his appointment as the music director of the New York Philharmonic and the huge success of West Side Story.
Coda
Authors: Yoshihara Mari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The project for this book began with the author’s accidental discovery of Kazuko Amano’s and Kunihiko Hashimoto’s letters in the Leonard Bernstein Collection at the Library of Congress. Subsequent research in various archives and corresponding with and meeting the two individuals, in Tokyo and Sydney, respectively, took her on an unexpected journey as a scholar and a writer. In this coda, the author reflects upon her findings and the research process, as well as the portent of correspondence, especially handwritten letters sent through what is now colloquially called snail mail that shaped Amano’s and Hashimoto’s special relationship with Bernstein.
Conclusion
Authors: Alborn Timothy 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The discovery of gold in California in 1848, and in Australia three years later, transformed the landscape for most of the themes discussed in the book. By doubling the world’s supply of gold in less than a decade, these discoveries produced short-term inflation and, over time, made it possible for other nations to join Britain on the gold standard—both of which processes radically altered the financial significance of gold in the British economy. By newly identifying the extraction of gold with the British Empire, the Australian gold rush rendered it more difficult for British observers to domesticate the metal. The huge influx of new gold supplies also threatened to wreak havoc on the conviction that gold was perennially precious. Although it would soon regain its prior value, the misgivings that surfaced in the 1850s remind us that gold’s value was always contingent.
Examples of Positive Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: Geher Glenn , Wedberg Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
To introduce the approach that positive evolutionary psychology takes and to demonstrate how multifaceted it is, this chapter introduces several clear examples. Each example addresses some aspect of living that could be improved, and then it uses evolutionary principles to shed light on the issue. Specifically, this chapter focuses on better understanding love, reciprocity in relationships, and gratitude—each of which has been the subject of work in the field of positive psychology. In this chapter, each of these concepts is dissected through an evolutionary lens, providing insights into the ultimate factors that underlie each of these critical substrates of human happiness.
Ape Out of Water
Authors: Geher Glenn , Wedberg Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A core concept in the discipline of positive evolutionary psychology pertains to evolutionary mismatch. Evolutionary mismatch exists when the current environment of an organism is somehow inconsistent with the ancestral conditions that existed during the evolutionary history of that organism. Modern human environments differ dramatically from the conditions that surrounded our nomadic ancestors, who spent thousands of generations in the African savanna in small social groups. This chapter describes the issue of evolutionary mismatch in detail and then provides several examples of mismatch that adversely affect life for so many of us on a daily basis. Such issues include mismatches regarding diet, exercise, and the nature of our modern social worlds.
The Political Ape
Authors: Geher Glenn , Wedberg Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter describes social-coercion theory as conceptualized by Paul Bingham and Joanne Souza. This theory, which pertains to the evolution of human uniqueness, helps us understand how humans evolved to coordinate social activities in small non–kin-based groups. The tendency of humans to form such coordinated alliances is a foundational part of our evolutionary history that sets us apart from other apes in important ways. Further, this theory can help us understand the emergence of democracy and egalitarianism as basic aspects of the human social world. Understanding the principles that underlie this theory can help us understand factors associated with positive functioning in human communities.
Evolutionary Psychology of Resilience
Authors: Geher Glenn , Wedberg Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Dealing with environmental stressors is a basic part of life for any organism. Positive psychology focuses largely on the topic of resilience and how people can move past difficult situations and interactions. The evolutionary perspective has much to offer in terms of the topic of resilience. This chapter describes resilience and stress reactions from an evolutionary perspective. Further, this chapter uses the concept of natural selection as a model for how failures are to be expected and how success in any domain for any organism owes largely to a long string of failures. This model is used to help provide evolution-based guidance on the topic of moving forward after setbacks and developing a resilient approach to life.
Building Darwin’s Community
Authors: Geher Glenn , Wedberg Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Positive psychologists focus not only on the health of individuals but also on the health of human communities. And when it comes to understanding human communities, the evolutionary perspective has a lot to say. Human communities can be understood in terms of ancestral conditions that surrounded our nomadic ancestors. Under such conditions, communities were naturally small, and individuals within communities had long-standing relationships with one another. Modeling modern human communities after such ancestral communities can help us create communal environments that best match our evolved psychology. This chapter looks outward and, as such, focuses on applications of evolutionary psychological principles to questions of communal functioning.
Women and Children
Authors: Chapman Con 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Three women with whom Hodges had relationships are described in this chapter: his first wife, Bertha, whom he met at a New York nightclub and by whom he had a daughter; a young woman in Boston named Frances Jones, by whom he also had a daughter; and Edith Cue, whom he married in 1944. The last-named relationship was consummated two years after Hodges had a third daughter and would last until the end of his life. The couple would also have a son who played drums on live dates and recorded albums with his father. While his two wives have previously been documented, Hodges’ relationship with Frances Jones is newly discovered. Hodges’s somewhat strained relationship with the daughter by his second marriage is recounted in some detail.
Lagomorphology
Authors: Chapman Con 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
this chapter collects, mosaic-style, a number of personality traits and quirks that Hodges was known to possess, and describes his various pastimes, so that the reader can get a sense of who the man was apart from his music. As others have noted, he was an avid gambler who claimed to have much success, but on the other hand he insisted on being paid with cash and carried money in a roll with a large-denomination bill on the outside, so it would have been easy for him to exaggerate his luck. He spent much of his life on the road and he grew tired of it, but he learned to accommodate himself to travel in various minor ways. Some of his arrangements for caring for his pet monkey are detailed.
The Out Chorus
Authors: Chapman Con 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Johnny Hodges’s final days and his death are recounted, his life and influence is summed up, and his impact on jazz compared to that of other alto saxophonists is assessed. The details of his death, supplemented by a first-ever review of his death certificate, are described, along with those of his funeral, at which a moving eulogy by Duke Ellington was read. Hodges’s financial success at the end of his long career is calculated by value of the estate he left. The number of references to him in popular culture is small compared to Charlie Parker, his successor on the alto throne, whose membership in the eccentric fraternity of beboppers and drug habit made him more newsworthy than the stolid but dependable Hodges. Hodges is compared to several altos who followed him and is found to be sui generis, a testimony to his unique sound.
Carnival Music and Diasporic Transnationalism
Authors: Allen Ray 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Introduction lays out the organization and the research methodology of the book Jump Up! Caribbean Carnival Music in New York City. It outlines the history of calypso, soca, and steelband music in the diaspora, including the globalization of Trinidad Carnival, which was transplanted to Harlem in the 1930s and to Brooklyn in the late 1960s. The concept of diaspora looms large here, of course, given the historical circumstances of New York’s Afro-Caribbean migrants. The Introduction also looks at the concept of hybridity, including hybridization between African and European musical practices in the Caribbean, which is central to diasporic transnationalism in this context. Also discussed is the concept of “heritage music,” or music that is important and needs to be preserved and protected. In addition, relevant writings on Caribbean music are reviewed and the study is positioned within the broader field of transnational diasporic music scholarship. And finally, a chapter outline is offered.
The Brooklyn Soca Connection
Authors: Allen Ray 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 focuses on the rise of Brooklyn soca (soul/calypso), beginning with the story of the early Bronx-based independent record company Camille Records, before shifting to the three most important Brooklyn-based labels: Straker’s Records, Charlie’s Records, and B’s Records. These Caribbean-owned businesses, along with a cadre of influential calypso/soca singers and the music arrangers with whom they collaborated, played a crucial role in the evolution of modern calypso and soca music during the 1970s and 1980s. Brooklyn’s Labor Day celebration had been dominated by calypso from its inception. Indeed, calypso and the new variant soca (soul/calypso) were essential hallmarks of the festivities. Equally important, and concurrent with the rise of Brooklyn Carnival in the 1970s, was the borough’s emergence as a vital transnational center for the recording and production of calypso and soca music.
Documentary Goes Popular
Authors: Aguayo Angela J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
While the documentary genre has frequently been conceptualized as a democratic tool with civic potential, the ways popular advocacy documentary functions in the process of social change is unclear. We need more information about the relationship between documentary agitation and collective organizing for social change, as well as about how this function shifts with the visibility of popular attention. Mainstream commercial culture is more than at odds with a commons of democratic exchange. The advocacy film is a time-honored tradition in documentary history, made specifically for the aims of democratic exchange. This type of film is produced for political causes by activists or advocates who are not closely connected with the government or decision makers. Often the director is constructed as a central creative force. Central figures usually function as surrogates for the film in public interviews and engagements; the speakers are often connected to sponsoring organizations. In this chapter, I first address the historical linage of popular documentary and its movement from the vernacular to the popular. Then, I examine the ways popular advocacy documentary in popular form has morphed in recent years, providing insight into the potential of the genre to make contact with the political structure.
Laboring under Documentary
Authors: Aguayo Angela J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The impulse to record and document labor struggle is almost as old as the concept of documentary itself. From the Worker’s Film and Photo League to the activist programming of Labor Beat, documentary has had an intimate relationship with the labor struggle. This chapter addresses the history of labor documentary production in the United States as an expression of radical ideology. Challenging the aesthetic form and content of the mainstream media, the labor movement is a loosely connected network of activists and artists across the country, engaged in efforts to produce media outside mainstream institutions. Specifically, this chapter focuses on elements of labor history that made significant contributions but are now largely ignored and undocumented: the efforts of radical women, rank-and-file amateur videographers, and undocumented workers. Existing on the fringes of the mainstream and counterculture, the work of women in alternative media in the early 1970s reflected a direct relationship between their lived experience, the camera, and political engagement, embodying a liberated agency that is magnified by the documentary camera. The chapter creates a portrait of the documentary commons as it expands and works for citizens in their daily lives. They represent a whole population of radical activists carving out a space for themselves to engage labor and social change with their cameras.
Ambiguity
Authors: Wolfsdorf David Conan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chapter 2 argues that the adjective “good” is fundamentally three ways ambiguous between so-called evaluative, quantitative, and operational senses. Compare: “This painting is good” (evaluative); “It’s a good distance from here to the Schuylkill River” (quantitative); “The light bulb is good; it’s the wiring that’s frayed” (operational). On the basis of several semantic, syntactic, and phonological properties, it is argued that evaluative and operational “good” are irregular polysemes encoded in one lexeme, called “purposive ‘good,’ ” whereas quantitative “good” is a distinct lexeme, whose meaning stands in the relation of homonymy to the former two.
Gradability
Authors: Wolfsdorf David Conan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The sense of “good” that has been of principal interest to philosophers and that is the focus of chapters 3, 4, and 5 is evaluative “good.” Hereafter, the modifier “evaluative” is dropped. “Good” is a gradable adjective. Accordingly, chapter 3 examines the semantics of gradable adjectives. The chapter argues that “good” is the unmarked member of an antonym pair of relative gradable adjectives, the marked member being (evaluative) “bad.” The lexical meaning of “good” is associated with a non-significant degree on an open scale of unspecified value. In tokenings of sentences of the form “x is good,” the degree associated with “good” is modulated to a significant degree. Significance of degree is a quantity that exceeds the upper bound of a range of numeric values based on a contextually determined comparison class.
Adjectival Nominalization
Authors: Wolfsdorf David Conan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Chapter 6 focuses on the semantics and metaphysical implications of the semantics of the adjectival nominalization “goodness.” Adjectival nominalizations of the form “F-ness” are almost always mass nouns. The mass noun “goodness” derives gradability of a kind from the gradable adjective that it incorporates. So “goodness” is a gradable adjectival nominalization. Mass nouns are distinguished from count nouns on the basis of two semantic properties, called “semantic cumulativity” and “semantic divisibility.” The denotations of mass nouns are then interpreted in terms of the mereological structure of a join semi-lattice. The denotation of gradable mass nouns incorporate scalar as well as mereological structure. In the case of “goodness,” the elements at the base of the lattice structure are instances of goodness. An instance of goodness is a so-called qua quantitative trope, precisely one degree of purpose serving qua exceeding a second degree of purpose serving, where the latter is a standard of comparison.
Firsthand Knowledge and Understanding
Authors: Sosa Ernest 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter aims to enhance our understanding of the notions of firsthand knowledge and of understanding, of how these are related, and of their importance in a flourishing human life. On certain questions of great human interest, firsthand knowledge and firsthand understanding are closely interrelated and have high priority. Such questions are often met in the humanities, broadly conceived to include not only appreciation of art, but also appreciation of sports, food, relationships, nature, and much more. And many such questions are to be found in philosophy. All such humanistic questions stand in contrast with practical questions where mere information suffices. What follows is devoted to explaining and defending these ideas.
How Do Partial Understandings Work?
Authors: Keil Frank 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Most understandings are massively incomplete, raising questions about how they could be of any use. This in turn leads to questions about the typical contents of partial understandings and whether they suggest a different account of what understandings are and how they are used not just by laypeople but even by experts. Whether they are scientists or young children, all people work with partial understandings and usually fail to realize just how partial those understandings are. It is not possible for any one mind to store all the details necessary to completely understand many phenomena. Yet those gaps may be surprisingly functional, especially given ways that young children cope with overwhelming causal content. Our partial understandings work through heuristics that enable us to use what we do know to appropriately defer and lock onto knowledge in other minds. Early exposure to mechanisms may provide a route to more abstract causal understandings, such as a system’s causal complexity, that endure when mechanistic details fade from memory. These abstract understandings may guide deference. Illusions of understanding may also result in useful restraints on storing details that are not really necessary given access to knowledge in other minds.
Mechanistic versus Functional Understanding
Authors: Lombrozo Tania , Wilkenfeld Daniel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Many natural and artificial entities can be predicted and explained both mechanistically, in term of parts and proximate causal processes, as well as functionally, in terms of functions and goals. Do these distinct “stances” or “modes of construal” support fundamentally different kinds of understanding? Based on recent work in epistemology and philosophy of science, as well as empirical evidence from cognitive and developmental psychology, this chapter argues for the “weak differentiation thesis”: the claim that mechanistic and functional understanding are distinct in that they involve importantly different objects. The chapter also considers more tentative arguments for the “strong differentiation thesis”: the claim that mechanistic and functional understanding involve different epistemic relationships between mind and world.