bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Market Coupling and the Capacity Allocation and Congestion Management Regulation
Authors: FELTKAMP Régine , HENDRIKX Gerrit 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article assesses the manner in which Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1222 of 24 July 2015 establishing a guideline on capacity allocation and congestion management (“CACM”) alters the legal context within which power exchanges (“PXs”) perform their activities related to market coupling. By submitting the cooperation among the newly-introduced NEMO-entities, and between these NEMOs and TSOs, regarding market coupling to a new set of rules, CACM affects the market coupling activities of PXs in different ways. This article in particular examines from the power exchanges’ perspective (1) the need for the increased regulation introduced by CACM, (2) how CACM affects their activities in the context of market coupling and (3) whether CACM contributes to a better governance of market coupling.
Parsing the Effect of the Internet on Regime Support in China
Authors: Tang Min , Huhe Narisong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough the internet is severely censored in China, negative reporting and critical deliberations of political institutions and policy issues, especially low-profile ones, have been abundant in cyberspace. Given such a mixed pattern of online information, this study explores the complexity of the effect of the internet on regime support by parsing it into direct effect and indirect effect. It argues that the internet indirectly erodes its viewers’ overall support for the authoritarian regime by decreasing their evaluation of government performance. The findings from a mediation analysis of a Beijing sample support this argument. The result of one analysis also indicates that the direct effect of internet use on regime support can be positive. Such findings about the effect of the internet in China help advance our understanding of both political and theoretical implications of the spread of the internet in authoritarian countries.
Rational Choice Meets the New Politics: Choosing the Scottish Parliament’s Electoral System
Authors: Convery Alan , Lundberg Thomas Carl 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough there has been extensive research on electoral system choice at the national level, we know relatively little about the dynamics of deciding the rules of the game for sub-state institutions. This article examines the factors that influenced the choice of a proportional electoral system for the new Scottish Parliament in 1999. Through the use of archival sources and interviews with key participants, we challenge the conventional rational choice explanation for the adoption of the mixed-member proportional (MMP) system. Although rational considerations on the part of the Labour Party were involved in the choice of MMP, our findings suggest that, as at the national level, theories of electoral system choice need to consider normative values as well.
ECONOMIC CRIMES IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW
Authors: Kryvoi Yarik 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe protection of foreign investment by treaties often clashes with the State's sovereign right to investigate economic crimes committed by investors. This article examines the different approaches taken by tribunals to questions concerning admissibility and jurisdiction, applicable law, the standard of review, the burden and standard of proof and deference to actions taken by domestic courts and regulators related to economic crimes. It concludes that investors should not automatically be deprived of treaty protections and their access to investment arbitration blocked. The arbitration agreement, being autonomous from the main contract (or the relevant treaty), should, as a rule, remain valid even if the conduct of investors is tainted by economic crimes. The article calls on investment tribunals to reflect in their awards on the contributory fault of the parties when representatives of States and investors are both complicit in economic crimes. To achieve greater legal certainty and procedural efficiency, a new generation of investment treaties and the practice of investment tribunals should draw on not only applicable domestic law but also existing sources of international law concerning economic crimes or national best practice.
Reforming reformed epistemology: a new take on thesensus divinitatis
Authors: MCALLISTER BLAKE , DOUGHERTY TRENT 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlvin Plantinga theorizes the existence of asensus divinitatis– a special cognitive faulty or mechanism dedicated to the production and non-inferential justification of theistic belief. Following Chris Tucker, we offer an evidentialist-friendly model of thesensus divinitatiswhereon it produces theistic seemings that non-inferentially justify theistic belief. We suggest that thesensus divinitatisproduces these seemings by tacitly grasping support relations between the content of ordinary experiences (in conjunction with our background evidence) and propositions about God. Our model offers advantages such as eliminating the need for asui generisreligious faculty, harmonizing thesensus divinitatiswith prominent theories in the cognitive science of religion, and providing a superior account of natural revelation.
Anomalous Pacific‐Antarctic Ridge Volcanism Precedes Glacial Termination 2
Authors: Lund David C. , Seeley Emily I. , Asimow Paul D. , Lewis Madeline J. , McCart Sarah E. , Mudahy Annalisa A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present results from a well‐dated sediment core on the Pacific‐Antarctic Ridge (PAR) that document a ∼15 cm thick layer of basaltic ash shards that precedes the penultimate deglaciation (Termination 2). The glasses have MORB composition consistent with an axial source and their morphologies are typical of pyroclastic deposits created by submarine volcanism. The ash layer was deposited ∼7 km from the PAR axis, a distance that implies buoyant plumes lofted debris high into the water column with subsequent fallout to the core location. We infer plume rise height using grain settling velocities, the water depth at the core site, and deep ocean current speeds from ARGO floats. Rise heights of 1.5 km or less require unrealistically large current speeds to transport grains to the core site. Instead, the data are consistent with a plume rise height of at least 2 km, implying that T2 was an interval of anomalous volcanism along this segment of the PAR. The timing and duration of the ash deposit is consistent with glacial‐interglacial modulation of ridge magmatism. Volcaniclastic records from additional locations will be necessary to assess whether the PAR record is a rare find or it is representative of mid‐ocean ridge volcanism during glacial terminations.
Artificial Ionospheric GPS Phase Scintillation Excited During High‐Power Radiowave Modulation of the Ionosphere
Authors: Mahmoudian A. , Scales W. A. , Taylor S. , Morton Y. , Bernhardt P. A. , Briczinski S. J. , Ghader S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractArtificial ionospheric GPS phase scintillation effects excited during the fourth gyroharmonic (4fce) heating at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program along with a theoretical model for the associated ionospheric irregularities are presented in this paper. The generation mechanism and time evolution of artificial GPS phase scintillation have been investigated using the simultaneous collected data including GPS scintillation, wideband stimulated electromagnetic emissions (WSEE), and ionosonde. The generation of the broad upshifted maximum, a WSEE spectral line associated with super small striation, through the four‐wave decay instability is studied using a theoretical model. The possible role of decameter‐scale irregularities within the Fresnel zone as well as super small striation in the GPS phase scintillation is investigated using the correlation of WSEE features with the scintillation data. Time evolution of slant total electron content (STEC) data and modulation of GPS phase and amplitude are compared with the theoretical model to study the plasma waves involved in the scintillation process. The similarity of theoretical and previously developed computational results, with the observations, is discussed. Specifically, the time evolution of STEC fluctuations including an initial growth period and subsequent saturation has been compared with the estimated growth rate of upper hybrid and electron Bernstein waves using the theoretical calculations as well as previous computational results. The damping process associated with the decay of STEC fluctuations after the initial growth has been investigated by considering the nonlinear behavior of electron Bernstein waves obtained from the computational model.
Impact of Spatially Variable Collision Efficiency on the Transport of Biocolloids in Geochemically Heterogeneous Porous Media
Authors: Katzourakis Vasileios E. , Chrysikopoulos Constantinos V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe effect of spatially variable attachment coefficient on biocolloid transport in geochemically heterogeneous porous formations was investigated numerically with a newly developed three–dimensional mathematical model. The biocolloid transport model accounts for horizontal uniform flow in water saturated porous media, and assumes that the biocolloid attachment varies spatially with a constant mean and random fluctuations. Biocolloid particles can either be suspended in the aqueous phase or attached (reversibly or irreversibly) onto the solid matrix. Multiple random realizations of geochemically heterogeneous porous media were employed in order to obtain appropriate ensemble mean concentration distributions, which subsequently were used for classical moment analysis. Emphasis was given in the proper selection of the number of realizations required for the correct ensemble mean estimation of a stochastic variable. The results showed that the existence of spatially variable biocolloid attachment efficiency, caused by geochemical heterogeneity, strongly contributes to an early time substantial increase in biocolloid spreading, an effect that asymptotically dissipated when the migrating biocolloid plume had sampled all of the geochemical heterogeneity within the porous formation. Furthermore, biocolloid plume spreading and enhanced transport were shown to increase with increasing variability of the attachment coefficient. Our findings suggested that neglecting to account for aquifer chemical heterogeneity may lead to erroneous predictions of biocolloid transport in porous media.
What Can We Do to Forecast Tsunami Hazards in the Near Field Given Large Epistemic Uncertainty in Rapid Seismic Source Inversions?
Authors: Cienfuegos Rodrigo , Catalán Patricio A. , Urrutia Alejandro , Benavente Roberto , Aránguiz Rafael , González Gabriel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe variability in obtaining estimates of tsunami inundation and runup on a near‐real‐time tsunami hazard assessment setting is evaluated. To this end, 19 different source models of the Maule Earthquake were considered as if they represented the best available knowledge an early tsunami warning system could consider. Results show that large variability can be observed in both coseismic deformation and tsunami variables such as inundated area and maximum runup. This suggests that using single source model solutions might not be appropriate unless categorical thresholds are used. Nevertheless, the tsunami forecast obtained from aggregating all source models is in good agreement with observed quantities, suggesting that the development of seismic source inversion techniques in a Bayesian framework or generating stochastic finite fault models from a reference inversion solution could be a viable way of dealing with epistemic uncertainties in the framework of nearly‐real‐time tsunami hazard mapping.
Deep Structure of Northern Apennines Subduction Orogen (Italy) as Revealed by a Joint Interpretation of Passive and Active Seismic Data
Authors: Piana Agostinetti Nicola , Faccenna Claudio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Apennines is a well‐studied orogeny formed by the accretion of continental slivers during the subduction of the Adriatic plate, but its deep structure is still a topic of controversy. Here we illuminated the deep structure of the Northern Apennines belt by combining results from the analysis of active seismic (CROP03) and receiver function data. The result from combining these two approaches provides a new robust view of the structure of the deep crust/upper mantle, from the back‐arc region to the Adriatic subduction zone. Our analysis confirms the shallow Moho depth beneath the back‐arc region and defines the top of the downgoing plate, showing that the two plates separate at depth about 40 km closer to the trench than reported in previous reconstructions. This spatial relationship has profound implications for the geometry of the shallow subduction zone and of the mantle wedge, by the amount of crustal material consumed at trench.
Retracted: Evaporation Dynamics and NaCl Precipitation on Capillarity‐Coupled Heterogeneous Porous Surfaces
Authors: Bergstad Mina , Or Dani , Withers Philip J. , Shokri Nima 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEvaporation of saline water from porous media and associated salt deposition are important for many applications ranging from soil salinization to the protection of archeological and civil structures. We investigate the effects of textural heterogeneity of porous media on evaporative salt precipitation patterns. Textural heterogeneity has been introduced into sand columns to form capillary‐interacting porous domains comprised different particle sizes. Several levels of textural contrasts were experimentally studied in terms of their effects on drying rates, salt precipitation patterns, and drying front displacement rates. Results show that in contrast with evaporation of pure water, evaporation of saline solutions from media with textural contrasts exerted only a minor effect on evaporation rates. This difference is attributed to enhanced liquid transport within the highly porous precipitated salt on the surface. The presence of textural contrasts significantly enhanced preferential spread of salt precipitation on the surface. The enhancement is attributed to low surface water content of the coarse domain and larger spacing between remaining evaporating wet pore clusters in which greater local evaporation rates are accelerating salt precipitation. The study illustrates the interactions between the water characteristic curve, preferential drying front displacement and subsequent salt deposition patterns, as also seen in high resolution X‐ray Computed tomography (CT) used to verify the suggested mechanisms. The study provides new insights into mechanisms of saline water evaporation and the complex effects of porous media heterogeneity on salt precipitation patterns and dynamics; all critical ingredients for enhanced understanding of the salt distribution in and transport in soils.
A fiber optoacoustic guide with augmented reality for precision breast-conserving surgery
Authors: Lan Lu , Xia Yan , Li Rui , Liu Kaiming , Mai Jieying , Medley Jennifer Anne , Obeng-Gyasi Samilia , Han Linda K. , Wang Pu , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLumpectomy, also called breast-conserving surgery, has become the standard surgical treatment for early-stage breast cancer. However, accurately locating the tumor during a lumpectomy, especially when the lesion is small and nonpalpable, is a challenge. Such difficulty can lead to either incomplete tumor removal or prolonged surgical time, which result in high re-operation rates (~25%) and increased surgical costs. Here, we report a fiber optoacoustic guide (FOG) with augmented reality (AR) for sub-millimeter tumor localization and intuitive surgical guidance with minimal interference. The FOG is preoperatively implanted in the tumor. Under external pulsed light excitation, the FOG omnidirectionally broadcasts acoustic waves through the optoacoustic effect by a specially designed nano-composite layer at its tip. By capturing the acoustic wave, three ultrasound sensors on the breast skin triangulate the FOG tip’s position with 0.25-mm accuracy. An AR system with a tablet measures the coordinates of the ultrasound sensors and transforms the FOG tip’s position into visual feedback with <1-mm accuracy, thus aiding surgeons in directly visualizing the tumor location and performing fast and accurate tumor removal. We further show the use of a head-mounted display to visualize the same information in the surgeons’ first-person view and achieve hands-free guidance. Towards clinical application, a surgeon successfully deployed the FOG to excise a “pseudo tumor” in a female human cadaver. With the high-accuracy tumor localization by FOG and the intuitive surgical guidance by AR, the surgeon performed accurate and fast tumor removal, which will significantly reduce re-operation rates and shorten the surgery time.
Multi-functional bismuth-doped bioglasses: combining bioactivity and photothermal response for bone tumor treatment and tissue repair
Authors: Wang Liping , Long Nicholas J. , Li Lihua , Lu Yao , Li Mei , Cao Jiangkun , Zhang Yu , Zhang Qinyuan , Xu Shanhui , Yang Zhongmin , Mao Chuanbin , Peng Mingying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTreatment of large bone defects derived from bone tumor surgery is typically performed in multiple separate operations, such as hyperthermia to extinguish residual malignant cells or implanting bioactive materials to initiate apatite remineralization for tissue repair; it is very challenging to combine these functions into a material. Herein, we report the first photothermal (PT) effect in bismuth (Bi)-doped glasses. On the basis of this discovery, we have developed a new type of Bi-doped bioactive glass that integrates both functions, thus reducing the number of treatment cycles. We demonstrate that Bi-doped bioglasses (BGs) provide high PT efficiency, potentially facilitating photoinduced hyperthermia and bioactivity to allow bone tissue remineralization. The PT effect of Bi-doped BGs can be effectively controlled by managing radiative and non-radiative processes of the active Bi species by quenching photoluminescence (PL) or depolymerizing glass networks. In vitro studies demonstrate that such glasses are biocompatible to tumor and normal cells and that they can promote osteogenic cell proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. Upon illumination with near-infrared (NIR) light, the bioglass (BG) can efficiently kill bone tumor cells, as demonstrated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. This indicates excellent potential for the integration of multiple functions within the new materials, which will aid in the development and application of novel biomaterials.
Leistungssensible Suchttherapie: Vorstellung und Wirksamkeitsprüfung einer neuen Kurzintervention
Authors: Fleckenstein Martin , Heer Marlis , Leiberg Susanne , Gex-Fabry Jenny , Lüddeckens Thomas 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Abstinenz bei einer Abhängigkeitserkrankung ist nicht selbstverständlich, sondern eine zu erbringende Leistung. Die vorgestellte Intervention, „Leistungssensible Suchttherapie“ (LST), hat zum Ziel, eine solche leistungssensible, von Stolz und Ehrlichkeit geprägte Haltung gegenüber der eigenen Erkrankung zu fördern und damit Rückfällen vorzubeugen.
Methodik 55 von 140 Patienten mit einer Abhängigkeitserkrankung nahmen zusätzlich zum regulären Therapieprogramm an der LST teil. Rückfallhäufigkeit während des Klinikaufenthalts, Veränderungen hinsichtlich Scham- und Schuldgefühlen, Lebenszufriedenheit und emotionalen Kompetenzen sowie psychische Belastung wurden erhoben.
Ergebnisse Die Interventionsgruppe wies während der Behandlungsdauer eine signifikant tiefere Rückfallhäufigkeit auf als die Kontrollgruppe. Beide Gruppen berichteten bessere Lebensqualität, emotionale Kompetenzen und weniger psychische Belastung und Scham- und Schuldgefühle.
Schlussfolgerung Die LST ist eine wirksame Behandlung zur Rückfallprävention.
Response to Agomelatine Treatment is Independent of Smoking Status and Dosage: Results From the AGOPSYCH Study
Authors: Englisch Susanne , Jung Hanna , Lewien Antje , Becker Anna , Nowak Ulrike , Braun Hanna , Eisenacher Sarah , Thiem Jascha , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Zink Mathias 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Introduction Cigarette smoking influences response to antidepressant treatment. It accelerates the metabolism of several cytochrome P450 (CYP) subtypes, including CYP1A2, and therefore bears the risk of pharmacokinetic interactions with psychotropic drugs using that pathway. Agomelatine is a substrate of CYP1A2; the association between nicotine use and agomelatine dosage, however, has never been studied before.
Methods Smoking habits were correlated with agomelatine doses and treatment outcomes in a sample of 27 patients with lifetime diagnoses within the schizophrenia spectrum who received agomelatine treatment in addition to their stable antipsychotic treatment regimen because of depressive symptoms.
Results No interactions were found between smoking status and agomelatine dosage, and treatment outcomes did not differ between smokers and nonsmokers.
Discussion Agomelatine efficacy appears to be independent of dosage and smoking status, pointing toward mechanisms beyond mere dose-response relationships. Further research will be necessary to validate these findings.
Minimally Invasive Treatment Strategies for Tracheoesophageal Fistulae
Authors: Mullan Damian , Shepherd David , Li Alan , Laasch Hans-Ulrich , Najran Pavan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTracheoesophageal fistula (TOF) is a serious consequence of invasive malignancy or iatrogenic injury. TOF can result in aspiration, infection, and sepsis causing significant morbidly and mortality. Management of TOF is challenging and deciding an appropriate strategy requires a multidisciplinary approach. Surgical management has limited application with associated risks and is not an option for a large portion of patients. Minimally invasive methods such as endoscopic repair and stent insertion are favorable. Radiological insertion of metallic stents allows accurate stent placement with the aid of fluoroscopic mapping. This review describes the various methods of managing TOF by a multidisciplinary team.
Anastomotic Strictures after Esophageal Atresia Repair: Timing of Dilatation during the First Two Postoperative Years
Authors: Salö Martin , Stenström Pernilla , Anderberg Magnus , Arnbjörnsson Einar 
Published: May 2018

Background We determined time frames for dilatation of anastomotic strictures (ASs) occurring during the first 2 years after esophageal atresia (EA) repair.
Methods A retrospective study was conducted on children with EA (Gross type C) who underwent direct repair between January 2008 and March 2015 at a single tertiary center of pediatric surgery. Endoscopic signs of stricture were indications for dilatation because the endoscopy provides more reliable information than X-ray imagining methods.
Results Among our cohort of 49 children with EA, 19 (39%) required at least one esophageal dilatation. All children required initial dilatation within the first year of life and none was older than 1 year during initial dilatation (p < 0.01). A median of three dilatations (range: 1–13) took place per patient, with 87% performed during the first postoperative year. The timing of initial dilatation in the first year (< 6 months, 14/19 [74%] vs. 6–12 months, 5/19 [26%]) was predictive of the need for dilatation beyond the first year (9/14 [64%] vs. 0/5 [0%]; p = 0.03) but not of more numerous dilatations (median, 3 vs. 1; p = 0.07).
Conclusion The need for dilatation within 6 months postoperatively predicts the need for dilatation after 1 year, but it does not indicate the number of dilatations that will be needed.