bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIRE is induced in oral squamous cell carcinoma and promotes cancer gene expression
Authors: Nguyen Chi Thi Kim , Sawangarun Wanlada , Mandasari Masita , Morita Kei-ichi , Kayamori Kou , Yamaguchi Akira , Sakamoto Kei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAutoimmune regulator (AIRE) is a transcriptional regulator that is primarily expressed in medullary epithelial cells, where it induces tissue-specific antigen expression. Under pathological conditions, AIRE expression is induced in epidermal cells and promotes skin tumor development in association with stress-responsive keratin KRT17. This study aimed to clarify the role of AIRE in the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). AIRE expression was evaluated in seven OSCC cell lines and in OSCC tissue specimens. Transient or constitutive expression of AIRE in 293A cells induced KRT17 expression. cDNA microarray analysis of 293A cells stably expressing AIRE revealed that STAT1 and ICAM1 were significantly upregulated by AIRE. Expression of KRT17, STAT1, ICAM1, MMP9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 was elevated in 293A cells stably expressing AIRE, and conversely, was decreased in AIRE-knockout HSC3 OSCC cells when compared to the respective controls. Upregulation of KRT17, STAT1, and ICAM in OSCC cells was confirmed in tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry. We provide evidence that AIRE exerts transcriptional control in cooperation with ETS1. Expression of STAT1, ICAM1, CXCL10, and MMP9 was increased in 293A cells upon Ets1 transfection, and coexpression of AIRE resulted in enhanced expression of STAT1. AIRE coprecipitated with ETS1 in a modified immunoprecipitation assay using formaldehyde crosslinking. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR analysis revealed that promoter fragments of STAT1, ICAM1, CXCL10, and MMP9 were enriched in the AIRE precipitates. In oral cancer cells, ETS1 was diffusely located in the nucleus and partially overlapped with dot-like AIRE accumulation sites. Nuclear translocation of AIRE was promoted by cotransfection with Ets1. These results indicate that AIRE is induced in OSCC and supports cancer-related gene expression in cooperation with ETS1. This is a novel function of AIRE in extrathymic tissues under the pathological condition.
Human PUM1 and PUM2 exhibit regulation of divergent mRNA targets in male germ cells
Authors: Smialek Maciej Jerzy , Ilaslan Erkut , Sajek Marcin Piotr , Swiercz Aleksandra , Janecki Damian Mikolaj , Kusz-Zamelczyk Kamila , Wozniak Tomasz , Kotecki Maciej , Handschuh Luiza , Figlerowicz Marek , Jaruzelska Jadwiga 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTMammalian Pumilio (PUM) proteins are sequence-specific, RNA-binding proteins with wide-ranging roles, including germ cell development that has functional implications in fertility. Although human PUM1 and PUM2 are closely related to each other and recognize the same RNA binding motif, there is some evidence for functional diversity, particularly related to their roles in fertility. Here, by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) approaches, we identified separate mRNA pools regulated by PUM1 and PUM2 proteins in human male germ cells. Using global mass spectrometry-based profiling, we identified distinct PUM1- and PUM2-bound putative protein cofactors, most of them involved in RNA processing. Combinatorial analysis of RNA-Seq and mass spectrometry findings revealed that PUM1 and PUM2 may form distinct RNA-regulatory networks, with different roles in human reproduction and testicular tumorigenesis. Our findings highlight the functional divergence and versatility of PUM paralogue-based post-transcriptional regulation, offering insight into the mechanisms underlying their diverse biological roles and diseases resulting from their dysfunction.
Sumoylation is largely dispensable for normal growth but facilitates heat tolerance in yeast
Authors: Moallem Marjan , Akhter Akhi , Burke Giovanni L. , Babu John , Bergey Benjamin G. , McNeil J. Bryan , Baig Mohammad S. , Rosonina Emanuel 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTNumerous proteins are sumoylated in normally growing yeast and SUMO conjugation levels rise upon exposure to several stress conditions. We observe high levels of sumoylation also during early exponential growth and when nutrient-rich medium is used. However, we find that reduced sumoylation (~75% less than normal) is remarkably well-tolerated, with no apparent growth defects under non-stress conditions or under osmotic, oxidative, or ethanol stresses. In contrast, strains with reduced activity of Ubc9, the sole SUMO conjugase, are temperature-sensitive, implicating sumoylation in the heat stress response, specifically. Aligned with this, a mild heat shock triggers increased sumoylation which requires functional levels of Ubc9, but likely also depends on decreased desumoylation, since heat shock reduces protein levels of Ulp1, the major SUMO protease. Furthermore, we find that a ubc9 mutant strain with only ~5% of normal sumoylation levels shows a modest growth defect, has abnormal genomic distribution of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII), and displays a greatly expanded redistribution of RNAPII after heat shock. Together, our data implies that SUMO conjugations are largely dispensable under normal conditions, but a threshold level of Ubc9 activity is needed to maintain transcriptional control and to modulate the redistribution of RNAPII and promote survival when temperatures rise.
Developmental stages and gut microenvironments influence gut microbiota dynamics in the invasive beetle Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Chouaia Bessem , Goda Nizar , Mazza Giuseppe , Alali Sumer , Florian Fiorella , Gionechetti Fabrizia , Callegari Matteo , Gonella Elena , Magoga Giulia , Fusi Marco , Crotti Elena , Daffonchio Daniele , Alma Alberto , Paoli Francesco , Roversi Pio Federico , Marianelli Leonardo , Montagna Matteo 
Published: September 2019

SummaryPopillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a highly polyphagous invasive beetle originating from Japan. This insect is highly resilient and able to rapidly adapt to new vegetation. Insect‐associated microorganisms can play important roles in insect physiology, helping their hosts to adapt to changing conditions and potentially contributing to an insect's invasive potential. Such symbiotic bacteria can be part of a core microbiota that is stably transmitted throughout the host's life cycle or selectively recruited from the environment at each developmental stage. The aim of this study was to investigate the origin, stability and turnover of the bacterial communities associated with an invasive population of P. japonica from Italy. Our results demonstrate that soil microbes represent an important source of gut bacteria for P. japonica larvae, but as the insect develops, its gut microbiota richness and diversity decreased substantially, paralleled by changes in community composition. Notably, only 16.75% of the soil bacteria present in larvae are maintained until the adult stage. We further identified the micro‐environments of different gut sections as an important factor shaping microbiota composition in this species, likely due to differences in pH, oxygen availability and redox potential. In addition, P. japonica also harboured a stable bacterial community across all developmental stages, consisting of taxa well known for the degradation of plant material, namely the families Ruminococcacae, Christensenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae. Interestingly, the family Christensenallaceae had so far been observed exclusively in humans. However, the Christensenellaceae operational taxonomic units found in P. japonica belong to different taxonomic clades within this family.
How efficient is the market for Australian firms’ earnings information?
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Tong Alex 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe construct a measure of the speed with which forecasts issued by sell‐side analysts accurately forecast future annual earnings. Following Marshall, we label this measure earnings information flow timeliness (EIFT). This measure avoids the aggregation problem inherent in price‐based measures of information efficiency. We document large variation in EIFT across firm‐years, and show that EIFT is positively associated with the extent of analyst following, consistent with increased analyst coverage improving the speed with which earnings‐related information is recognised. We also find that EIFT is higher for firm‐years classified as ‘bad news’ (i.e., where analysts’ forecasts at the start of the financial period exceed the reported outcome). However, when we separately consider instances where analysts appear to forecast non‐GAAP (or ‘street’) earnings rather than GAAP earnings, we find that the greater timeliness of bad news is concentrated among observations where analysts forecast non‐GAAP earnings, where unusual items are typically excluded. We conclude that the market for accounting information is more efficient for negative operating outcomes than for negative outcomes reflecting unusual items.
Outcomes of gear and closure subsidies in artisanal coral reef fisheries
Authors: McClanahan Tim R. , Kosgei Jesse K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe outcomes of subsidizing natural and fishing capital were studied in nearshore coral reef fisheries initiated by the devolution of governance and management from national to county governments. One county promoted a net subsidy program of preferred mesh sizes with a distinct purchase and distribution date, while the other supported the ongoing maintenance of fisheries closures. This provoked a BACI design where standard fisheries statistics were measured 3 years prior to and 2.5 years after the net subsidy, or the life expectancy of these nets. Only ~50% of the purchased nets were utilized, indicating a replacement rather than addition of capital and low need. For example, net fishing effort did not change and there was an overall demographic change in gear use away from traps toward lower cost spearguns. Net subsidized fisheries displayed a 9% increase in the mean length of captured fish but also a decline in catch‐per‐unit effort (CPUE) and personal incomes and no change in prices, yields, and per area incomes. In contrast, the fisheries surrounding closures displayed increased fishing effort and a 4% decline in fish lengths but increased CPUE, yield, incomes, and per area revenues. The net cost of maintaining closures was less than the gear subsidy purchase. Significant time × treatment interactions in all indicators support the conclusion that gear subsidies, apart from larger fish sizes, worsened the fisheries, while closures improved it. Increased recruitment rather than growth of fish appeared to be the mechanism for improvement.
Ultraviolet emission transparent Gd:YAG ceramics processed by solid‐state reaction spark plasma sintering
Authors: Zhang Guangran , Carloni David , Wu Yiquan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTransparent 1% Gd‐doped YAG and YAG ceramics were synthesized via solid‐state reaction spark plasma sintering using commercially available powder and TESO as a sintering additive. The highest in‐line transmission values achieved were 77.1% at 550 nm and 80.6% at 800 nm in the 1% (at.%) Gd‐doped YAG transparent ceramic with 99.90% relative density. Ultraviolet emission at 312.5 nm was observed in 1% Gd‐doped YAG ceramic via photoluminescence excitation, making it a promising material for applications in solid‐state UV devices.
Equality Beyond Needs‐Satisfaction: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Allard Aurélien , Cova Florian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The moral value of distributive equality constitutes one of the most contentious debates in political philosophy. Following Frankfurt, many philosophers have claimed that the intuitive appeal of equality is illusory and that egalitarian intuitions are fundamentally intuitions about the importance of satisfying basic needs. According to this argument, our intuitions tell us that inequality ceases to matter once a certain threshold has been reached. Despite the widespread appeal to intuitions regarding this issue, few empirical studies have tried to assess whether Frankfurt and his followers are right in claiming the lack of intuitiveness of equality per se. In a series of three experiments, we show that experimental evidence does not allow us to settle the intuitiveness of each theory: laypeople are divided in the consideration of the respective importance of needs and equality. While our results do show that laypeople attach special importance to needs‐fulfilment, it also seems that they are divided when it comes to the importance they grant to equality once needs are fulfilled. No theory is unanimously backed by participants, and it seems that, fundamentally, divisions among philosophers reflect deep divisions among people.
Phylogeography of sand‐burrowing amphipods (Haustoriidae) supports an ancient suture zone in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Hancock Zachary B. , Hardin Faith O. , Light Jessica E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the impact of a proposed ancient suture zone in the Gulf of Mexico on the distribution and molecular diversity of dispersal‐limited, sand‐burrowing amphipods of the genera Haustorius and Lepidactylus (Haustoriidae: Amphipoda).LocationGulf of Mexico, USA and Mexico.MethodsPhylogenetic and population genetic analyses were performed using mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and nuclear (18S and 28S) data from 93 amphipod individuals from 16 sites across the Gulf of Mexico. Bayesian and ML phylogenies were constructed for all genes, divergence times were estimated using a molecular clock for COI (0.007–0.013 subs./site per Myr), and four species delimitation methods were used to identify operational taxonomic units (OTUs) within each amphipod species. The mitochondrial COI gene was used to construct haplotype networks and estimate population genetic parameters to evaluate historical changes in effective population sizes.ResultsDeep divergences (most estimated to be >4 Ma) were uncovered between sister clades of both amphipod genera on either side of the Mississippi River as well as within Lepidactylus triarticulatus where each sample site was found to harbour a unique genetic lineage. Two cryptic OTUs of L. triarticulatus were identified living sympatrically at Pass Christian, Mississippi. Two distinct OTUs representing western and eastern Haustorius galvezi clades were identified along the Texas and Mexico coastlines with abutting ranges. Population genetic results show some support for recent population expansions for western Gulf OTUs, while eastern Gulf OTUs may have suffered population bottlenecks in the past.Main conclusionsDivergences between sister species of sand‐burrowing amphipods exceeds the timing of previous vicariant hypotheses. The split appears to be consistent with Miocene sedimentation levels from the Mississippi River acting as an east–west barrier to gene flow in the Gulf of Mexico. Given their strong population structure and cryptic diversity, haustoriid amphipods are ideal model organisms for studying open coast biogeography.
The N‐terminal D1 domain of Treponema pallidum flagellin binding to TLR5 is required but not sufficient in activation of TLR5
Authors: Xu Man , Xie Yafeng , Tan Manyi , Zheng Kang , Xiao Yongjian , Jiang Chuanhao , Zhao Feijun , Zeng Tiebing , Wu Yimou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSyphilis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Treponema pallidum (T pallidum) and the pathogenesis that T pallidum infection induces immunopathological damages in skin and other tissues remains unclear. We have previously reported that recombinant flagellins of T pallidum can elicit IL‐6 and IL‐8 transcriptions via TLR5 pathway. To identify the domains which induced the pro‐inflammatory activity and the importance of the interactions between TLR5 and domains, homology‐based modelling and comparative structural analyses revealed that Tpflagellins can combine with TLR5 directly. Deletion mutations showed that the ND1 domain binding to TLR5 is required but not sufficient in TLR5 activation. Moreover, site‐directed mutagenesis analysis indicated that the arginine residue (Tpflagellins R89) of the ND1 domain and its adjacent residues (Tpflagellins L93 and E113) constitute a hot spot that elicits IL‐6, IL‐8 transcriptions and TLR5 activation, and affects the binding of Tpflagellins to TLR5. Taken together, these results give insight into the pathogenesis of T pallidum and may contribute to the future design of Tpflagellins‐based therapeutics and syphilis vaccine.
Effectiveness of applied relaxation method vs splint in treatment of temporomandibular disorders in Finnish students
Authors: Huhtela Outi S. , Koivisto Nina , Hägg Vuokko , Sipilä Kirsi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) include pain and dysfunction in masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints (TMJs). Applied relaxation (AR) is a coping skill that may be applicable for treatment of TMD.ObjectivesThe aim of this randomised, controlled study was to evaluate the effectiveness of AR as compared to stabilisation splint (SS), for treatment of TMD during 12‐month follow‐up.MethodsThe data were derived from 96 university students seeking treatment due to TMD symptoms at Finnish Student Health Service in Finland. The subjects were randomly divided into two treatment groups: SS (n = 41) and AR (n = 51) groups. Clinical TMD examinations (a modified version of DC/TMD, Axis I) were performed for both the groups at baseline and 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. Depressive and non‐specific physical symptoms (NSPS) were estimated with Axis II questionnaire (RDC/TMD), and a number of other pain sites were screened at baseline and 12‐month follow‐up. Data were analysed by means of chi‐square test for both groups on five variables, t test for VAS pain intensity and repeated measures ANOVA for palpation pain at follow‐up points. Statistical significance was set on P < .05.ResultsDecrease in the number of painful masticatory muscles and TMJs and VAS on pain intensity did not differ between groups. During follow‐up, NSPS and number of body pain sites decreased significantly more in the AR than the SS group. The dropout was 56 patients.ConclusionNeither of the treatments showed more benefit in decreasing local TMD pain. AR gave more benefit on psychological well‐being and general pain symptoms.
Titanium coated with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid incorporating simvastatin: Biofunctionalization of dental prosthetic abutments
Authors: Littuma Gustavo J. S. , Sordi Mariane B. , Borges Curtarelli Raissa , Aragonês Águedo , da Cruz Ariadne C. C. , Magini Ricardo S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo propose a biofunctionalized prosthetic abutment by analyzing physico‐chemical and morphological properties, simvastatin (SIM) release, and biocompatibility of titanium (Ti) disks coated with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) incorporating SIM.MethodsTitanium disks (8 × 3 mm) were distributed into four groups: Ti: pure Ti; Ti + PLGA: Ti coated with PLGA; Ti + PLGA + SIM6%: Ti + PLGA with 6% SIM; and Ti + PLGA + SIM0.6%: Ti + PLGA incorporating 0.6% SIM. PLGA was prepared through chloroform evaporation technique. After complete dissolution of PLGA, SIM was diluted in the solution. Ti + PLGA, Ti + PLGA + SIM6%, and Ti + PLGA + SIM0.6% were dip coated with PLGA and PLGA + SIM, respectively. Samples were sterilized by ethylene oxide. For SIM release assay, disks were submerged in PBS, pH 7.4, 37°C, 30 rpm up to 600 hours. At different time intervals, SIM was quantified by spectrophotometry (238 nm). For characterization of the biomaterial components, it was performed Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry, and atomic force microscopy. Biocompatibility analyses were performed by MTS colorimetric assay on murine fibroblasts L929, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). Absorbance was measured at 490 nm, and percentages of viable cells were calculated in relation to positive control (Ti). SEM images were obtained to verify cell adhesion and morphology. One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was applied (P < 0.05) for statistical analyses.ResultsSIM release was slow and continuous, reaching about 21% of the incorporated SIM after 600 hours. Topographical analyses revealed success in coating Ti disks with PLGA incorporating SIM. Regarding biocompatibility test, Ti + PLGA + SIM0.6% showed the highest percentage of L929 viability at days 3 and 7. There was no significant difference for Ti, Ti + PLGA, and Ti + PLGA + SIM0.6% groups on cell viability of both SHEDs and HGFs at days 3 and 7. SEM corroborates that SHEDs and HGFs were able to adhere and proliferate on Ti, Ti + PLGA, and Ti + PLGA + SIM0.6% surfaces.ConclusionA slow and controlled release of SIM was achieved, attributed to a diffusional mass transfer mechanism. Moreover, a homogenous coating topography was obtained. Additionally, 0.6% SIM incorporated into PLGA coating improved fibroblasts L929 viability compared to titanium or PLGA. Also, 0.6% SIM incorporated into PLGA promoted cell viability of about 100% for HGFs and approximately 150% for human mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, this study allows to consider the use of PLGA‐coated titanium incorporating SIM as a biofunctionalized abutment for dental implants.
Hepatic copper and other trace mineral concentrations in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Harro Cailin C. , Smedley Rebecca C. , Buchweitz John P. , Langlois Daniel K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor in dogs. Abnormalities in hepatic copper, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations increase risk for HCC development in other species, but trace mineral concentrations have not been evaluated in dogs with HCC.ObjectivesTo investigate hepatic trace mineral concentrations in dogs with HCC.AnimalsArchived liver specimens from 85 dogs with HCC and 85 control dogs.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. A histopathology database was searched to identify dogs with HCC (test population) and an age‐matched control population. Demographic information was retrieved, and H&E and rhodanine stained slides were reviewed for all cases. Copper, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations were determined in noncancerous liver tissues (test and control population) and in HCC tissues (test population) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsHepatic copper concentrations (non‐neoplastic hepatic tissue) were greater in test population dogs (median, IQR; 294.9 μg/g, 233.5‐475.9 μg/g) than in control dogs (202.8 μg/g, 135.0‐295.3 μg/g; P < .001). Hepatic zinc concentrations in test (132.1 μg/g,108.6‐163.2 μg/g) and control dogs (151.5 μg/g, 117.1‐184.5 μg/g) also were different (P = .03). Within test population dogs, all trace mineral concentrations were decreased in the HCC tissue as compared to the non‐neoplastic hepatic tissue (all P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHepatic copper accumulation and other abnormalities in hepatic trace mineral concentrations could be involved in the pathogenesis of HCC in some dogs.
Reality is not as it seems
Authors: Paulson Steve , Hoffman Donald D. , O'Sullivan Suzanne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe prevalent view in cognitive science is that we construct our perception of reality in real time. But could we be misinterpreting the content of our perceptual experiences? Does what we perceive with our brain and senses reflect the true nature of reality? Might evolution have shaped our perceptions to guide adaptive behavior, without enabling us to see reality as it actually is? In a discussion moderated by Steve Paulson, cognitive scientist Donald D. Hoffman and neurologist Suzanne O'Sullivan analyze these questions and their profound implications for our understanding of human consciousness.