bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and risk of adolescent depression: the role of irritability
Authors: Eyre Olga , Hughes Rachael A. , Thapar Ajay K. , Leibenluft Ellen , Stringaris Argyris , Davey Smith George , Stergiakouli Evie , Collishaw Stephan , Thapar Anita 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundChildren with neurodevelopmental disorders are at increased risk of developing depression. Irritability predicts depression in the general population and is common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, it is possible that irritability in children with neurodevelopmental disorders contributes to the link with later depression. This study aimed to (a) examine the association between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent depression and (b) test whether irritability explains this association.MethodsChildren with any neurodevelopmental difficulty at the age of 7–9 (n = 1,697) and a selected, comparison group without any neurodevelopmental difficulty (n = 3,177) were identified from a prospective, UK population‐based cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Neurodevelopmental difficulties were defined as a score in the bottom 5% of the sample on at least one measure of cognitive ability, communication, autism spectrum symptoms, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity symptoms, reading or motor coordination. The Development and Well‐Being Assessment measured parent‐reported child irritability at the age of 7, parent‐reported adolescent depression at the age of 10 and 13, and self‐reported depression at the age of 15. Depression measures were combined, deriving an outcome of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence. Logistic regression examined the association between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent MDD, controlling for gender. Path analysis estimated the proportion of this association explained by irritability. Analyses were repeated for individual neurodevelopmental problems.ResultsChildhood neurodevelopmental difficulties were associated with adolescent MDD (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.24, 3.60, p = .006). Childhood irritability statistically accounted for 42% of this association. On examining each neurodevelopmental difficulty separately, autistic, communication and ADHD problems were each associated with depression, with irritability explaining 29%–51% of these links.ConclusionsChildhood irritability appears to be a key contributor to the link between childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and adolescent MDD. High rates of irritability in children with autistic and ADHD difficulties may explain elevated rates of depression in the neurodevelopmental group.
Port wine stain treatment outcomes have not improved over the past three decades
Authors: van Raath M.I. , Chohan S. , Wolkerstorfer A. , van der Horst C.M.A.M. , Storm G. , Heger M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundSince the early ‘80s, the pulsed dye laser has been the standard treatment tool for non‐invasive port wine stain (PWS) removal. In the last three decades, a considerable amount of research has been conducted to improve clinical outcomes, given that a fraction of PWS patients proved recalcitrant to laser treatment. Whether this research actually led to increased therapeutic efficacy has not been systematically investigated.ObjectiveTo analyse therapeutic efficacy in PWS patients globally from 1986 to date.MethodsPubMed was searched for all available PWS trials. Studies with a quartile percentage improvement scale were included, analysed and plotted chronologically. Treatment and patient characteristics were extracted. A mean clearance per study was calculated and plotted. A 5‐study simple moving average was co‐plotted to portray the trend in mean clearance over time. The data were separately analysed for multiple treatment sessions in previously untreated patients.ResultsSixty‐five studies were included (24.3% of eligible studies) comprising 6207 PWS patients. Of all patients, 21% achieved 75–100% clearance. Although a few studies reported remarkably good outcomes in a subset of carefully selected patients, there was no upward trend over time in mean clearance.ConclusionThe efficacy of PWS therapy has not improved in the past decades, despite numerous technical innovations and pharmacological interventions. With an unwavering patient demand for better outcomes, the need for development and implementation of novel therapeutic strategies to clear all PWS is as valid today as it was 30 years ago.
The effectiveness of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in prediction of medical treatment failure for tubo‐ovarian abscess
Authors: Alay Ismail , Kaya Cihan , Karaca Ibrahim , Eren Ecem , Hosgoren Murat , Aslanova Fidan , Cengiz Huseyin , Ekin Murat , YaSar Levent 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimWe aimed to compare the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in tubo‐ovarian abscess (TOA) patients who responded to medical treatment or who underwent surgical intervention due to medical treatment failure.MethodsThe files of the patients, hospitalized in our Obstetrics and Gynecology Department with TOA diagnosis between August 2015 and December 2017, were evaluated retrospectively. The conservative management group was comprised of 38 of the 81 patients (46.9%) who responded to sole medical treatment with the triple antibiotic regimen (gentamicin‐clindamycin‐ampicillin) and the surgical intervention group was comprised of 43 patients (53.1%) who did not respond to medical treatment and needed further surgery and/or interventional radiologic abscess drainage. Demographic and clinical data, imaging findings, and laboratory results including NLR were compared between two groups.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, TOA diameter, white blood cell and neutrophil counts, and NLR levels (P < 0.05). The mean NLR was 7.4 ± 5.8 for the conservative management group and 10.3 ± 5.8 for the surgical intervention group (P = 0.004). The area under the curve (AUC) for NLR was 0.69 (threshold value was ≥6.97, 95% confidence interval, sensitivity 79.1%, specificity 57.9%). On multiple regression analysis, a significant correlation was identified between age, NLR and resistance to the medical treatment.ConclusionNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and age are significantly higher in patients with medical treatment failure and NLR could be used as a novel marker in addition to white blood cell in the prediction of medical treatment failure in TOA patients.
Machine learning and its potential applications to the genomic study of head and neck cancer—A systematic review
Authors: Patil Shankargouda , Habib Awan Kamran , Arakeri Gururaj , Jayampath Seneviratne Chaminda , Muddur Nagaraj , Malik Shuaib , Ferrari Marco , Rahimi Siavash , Brennan Peter A. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundMachine learning (ML) is powerful tool that can identify and classify patterns from large quantities of cancer genomic data that may lead to the discovery of new biomarkers, new drug targets, and a better understanding of important cancer genes. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the existing literature and assess the application of machine learning of genomic data in head and neck cancer (HNC).Materials and methodsThe addressed focused question was “Does machine learning of genomic data play a role in prognostic prediction of HNC?” PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature from January 1990 up to and including May 2018 were searched. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection according to eligibility criteria.ResultsA total of seven studies that met the eligibility criteria were included. The majority of studies were cohort studies, one a case‐control study and one a randomized controlled trial. Two studies each evaluated oral cancer and laryngeal cancer, while other one study each evaluated nasopharyngeal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer. The majority of studies employed support vector machine (SVM) as a ML technique. Among the included studies, the accuracy rates for ML techniques ranged from 56.7% to 99.4%.ConclusionOur findings showed that ML techniques for the analysis of genomic data can play a role in the prognostic prediction of HNC.
Historical Trends in Concerns About Social Issues Across Four Decades Among U.S. Adolescents
Authors: Oosterhoff Benjamin , Wray‐Lake Laura , Palmer Cara A. , Kaplow Julie B. 
Published: March 2019

This study examined adolescents’ concerns about social issues and how these concerns have changed over historical time. Separate cohorts of U.S. high school seniors (N = 110,953; 51.1% female) reported their worries about four social issues (crime/violence, economic problems, hunger/poverty, race relations) every year from 1976 to 2015. Youth were most concerned with crime/violence, followed by economic problems, hunger/poverty, and race relations. Adolescents’ social concerns varied by demographic characteristics and cohort, paralleling specific historical events and appearing responsive to the political challenges of the time. Initiatives seeking to engage youth within the political process may benefit from providing opportunities for teens to participate in civic activities aimed to address these issues.
The miR‐3940‐5p inhibits cell proliferation of gingival mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Han Xiao , Yang Haoqing , Cao Yangyang , Ge Lihua , Han Nannan , Zhang Chen , Fan Zhipeng , Yao Rui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesDrug‐induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is a well‐recognized side effect of nifedipine (NIF). However, the molecular mechanisms of DIGO are still unknown. Here, we explored the possible role of miR‐3940‐5p in DIGO using NIF‐treated gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs).Material and methodsCFSE and cell cycle assays were used to examine cell proliferation. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, Alizarin Red staining, quantitative calcium analysis, and osteogenesis‐related gene expression were used to examine osteo/dentinogenic differentiation.ResultsThe CFSE assay showed that NIF enhanced cell proliferation, and the over‐expression of miR‐3940‐5p inhibited the proliferation of GMSCs with or without NIF stimulation. Cell cycle assays revealed that the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, it was found that the over‐expression of miR‐3940‐5p upregulated p15INK4b, p18INK4c, p19INK4d, and Cyclin A and downregulated Cyclin E in GMSCs with or without NIF treatment. In addition, the over‐expression of miR‐3940‐5p enhanced ALP activity and mineralization in vitro and increased the expression of the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation markers DSPP and DMP1 and the key transcription factor DLX5 in GMSCs.ConclusionsmiR‐3940‐5p inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of GMSCs, and might play a role in DIGO as a potent agent in the treatment of nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth.
Persistent subcutaneous CSF leak after removal of epidural catheter
Authors: Rusy Lynn M. , Dziamski Anna E. , Amin Sapan J. , Weisman Steven J. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe report the case of an 11‐month‐old boy with Wilm's tumor, who underwent nephrectomy. Postoperative pain was managed with a lumbar epidural for 3 days, with the formation of a persistent cerebral spinal fluid cutaneous fistula.
The potential of plant systems to break the HIV‐TB link
Authors: Habibi Peyman , Daniell Henry , Soccol Carlos Ricardo , Grossi‐de‐Sa Maria Fatima 
Published: March 2019

SummaryTuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can place a major burden on healthcare systems and constitute the main challenges of diagnostic and therapeutic programmes. Infection with HIV is the most common cause ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), which can accelerate the risk of latent TB reactivation by 20‐fold. Similarly, TB is considered the most relevant factor predisposing individuals to HIV infection. Thus, both pathogens can augment one another in a synergetic manner, accelerating the failure of immunological functions and resulting in subsequent death in the absence of treatment. Synergistic approaches involving the treatment of HIV as a tool to combat TB and vice versa are thus required in regions with a high burden of HIV and TB infection. In this context, plant systems are considered a promising approach for combatting HIV and TB in a resource‐limited setting because plant‐made drugs can be produced efficiently and inexpensively in developing countries and could be shared by the available agricultural infrastructure without the expensive requirement needed for cold chain storage and transportation. Moreover, the use of natural products from medicinal plants can eliminate the concerns associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and anti‐TB therapy (ATT), including drug interactions, drug‐related toxicity and multidrug resistance. In this review, we highlight the potential of plant system as a promising approach for the production of relevant pharmaceuticals for HIV and TB treatment. However, in the cases of HIV and TB, none of the plant‐made pharmaceuticals have been approved for clinical use. Limitations in reaching these goals are discussed.
A mutation in Waxy gene affects amylose content, starch granules and kernel characteristics of barley (Hordeum vulgare)
Authors: Li Qiao , Pan Zhifen , Liu Juan , Deng Guangbing , Long Hai , Zhang Haili , Liang Junjun , Zeng Xingquan , Tang Yawei , Tashi Nyima , Yu Maoqun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWaxy barley referred to as low‐amylose or amylose‐free has special advantages in nutrition composition and food processing. Waxy gene encoding granule–bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) is responsible for amylose synthesis in barley. The G3935‐to‐T in Waxy gene has been previously found in amylose–free barley. In this study, G3935‐to‐T was proved to co‐segregate with the waxy phenotype of barley, but has no obvious effect on GBSSI catalytic activity and starch chain length distribution. However, recombinant inbred lines with G3935‐to‐T in Waxy gene are of significant modification in starch granules morphology and pasting properties, increase of grain β‐glucan content, and decrease of thousand kernel weight along with lower kernel width. A polymerase chain reaction with confronting two–pair primers marker was developed for economic and efficient screening of G3935‐to‐T. This study provides the basis for cultivar improvement of waxy barley then fully developing its potential value and utility in food processing.
Treatment of benign cephalic histiocytosis with topical 1% rapamycin ointment
Authors: Habeshian Kaiane , Silverman Robert A. , DeKlotz Cynthia M. C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report a pediatric case of extensive, progressive benign cephalic histiocytosis (BCH) involving the face, trunk, and extremities with response of facial lesions to treatment with topical 1% rapamycin. A split‐face model was used to demonstrate improvement on the treated side versus the untreated side. After physician and parental perception of effectiveness, based in part on photodocumentation, subsequently both cheeks were treated with continued improvement.
Reconciling opposing perceptions of access to physical activity in a gentrifying urban neighborhood
Authors: Schroeder Krista , Klusaritz Heather , Dupuis Roxanne , Bolick Ansley , Graves Amy , Lipman Terri H. , Cannuscio Carolyn 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to understand perspectives on access to physical activity in a gentrifying neighborhood.DesignThis qualitative descriptive study used street intercept interviews and photo documentation.SampleParticipants included members (n = 19) of a gentrifying neighborhood in a northeastern city.ResultsParticipants held markedly different perceptions of opportunities for physical activity. Some participants, particularly area university students or those who are identified as White, perceived the neighborhood as favorable to physical activity, with high walkability and abundant resources. Other participants, particularly those who identified as Black or African‐American, felt it was difficult to be physically active because neighborhood recreation facilities are scarce or unaffordable and parks are poorly maintained or unsafe. Multiple participants noted strategies to overcome neighborhood barriers to physical activity. Regardless of neighborhood perceptions, family and friends played an important role in influencing physical activity.ConclusionsNurses must consider how disparities in actual and perceived access to neighborhood resources influence participation in physical activity, particularly in gentrifying neighborhood. Public health nurses are embedded in the neighborhoods that they serve, providing a unique opportunity to understand and address the impact of neighborhood on health.
Assessment of sun‐related behaviour, knowledge and attitudes among nursing students
Authors: Iglesias‐Puzas Álvaro , Méndez Iglesias Miguel , Diéguez Montes Mª Paz , Flórez Ángeles 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundAs future healthcare professionals, nursing students will play an important role in social training and promoting healthy behaviours including protection against sunlight. However, few studies to date have focused on their knowledge and attitudes regarding sun‐related behaviour.ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices about sun protection and skin cancer among nursing students.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 200 all year nursing students from University of Vigo, located in the Vigo, Ourense and Pontevedra campus. Participants completed a validated, self‐reported questionnaire with 38 questions regarding their demographic characteristics, sun‐related behaviour, knowledge and attitudes.ResultsApproximately 87% of students reported experiencing sunburn last summer and 57% stated that they had sunbathed more than 15 days. Participants showed low level of sun protection behaviours, with the exception of using sunscreen (86%) and wearing sunglasses (72.5%). Knowledge about skin cancer and sun protection was considered high (rate of correct responses 87.7%, 6.14 out of 7). Moreover, positive tanning attitudes were high in the sample overall. Nursing students awarded a high value to tanned skin and showed misconceptions about sun exposure.ConclusionAlthough most of the students were aware of the side effects of sun exposure, their behaviours and attitudes were unsatisfactory. A high level of knowledge may not be predictive of positive practices and adequate attitudes, even among future healthcare professionals. Further guidance and educational campaigns are utmost important, particularly in a group that will be directly involved in prevention and early diagnosis of skin cancer.
Main issues and challenges for sustainable development of salmon farming in Chile: a socio‐economic perspective
Authors: Chávez Carlos , Dresdner Jorge , Figueroa Yanina , Quiroga Miguel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe identify and discuss the main problems and challenges in sustainable development faced by the salmon farming industry in Chile from a socio‐economic perspective. This perspective is broad, in that it includes how the industry interacts with society and the environment, but also limited, in that it only assesses the impact on different social groups and economic agents. First, we present a brief description of the structure and socio‐economic relevance of salmon farming in the country. Second, we identify and discuss the primary current issues in the sustainable development of salmon farming in Chile. Third, we identify and discuss the challenges for developing sustainable salmon farming in Chile, including regulatory design and sectoral management, options for future expansion of the industry, responses and adjustments in the face of climate change and climatic variability, and the proper handling and growth of public‐private cooperation and goods governance.
Co‐existing monophasic teratoma and uterine adenocarcinoma in a female dog
Authors: Pires Maria dos Anjos , Catarino José Carlos , Vilhena Hugo , Faim Susana , Neves Tiago , Freire Andreia , Seixas Fernanda , Orge Leonor , Payan‐Carreira Rita 
Published: March 2019

ContentsOvarian teratomas are occasionally reported in dogs; the rarest type is the monophasic teratoma, composed of tissues originating from only one germ layer. Canine endometrial adenocarcinomas are also rare in dogs and mainly affect geriatric females. This report describes the case of co‐existing ovarian teratoma and uterine adenocarcinoma in a 10‐year‐old nulliparous female Boxer presented with lethargy, anorexia and purulent vaginal discharge. Abdominal ultrasonography evidenced pyometra and a mass in the left ovary. This was composed of a uniform whitish tissue with multiple cystic structures. The histology revealed an atrophy of the ovarian parenchyma, compressed by a proliferation of well‐differentiated nervous tissue staining positively to vimentin, S100 and neuronal specific enolase (NSE), and negatively to keratin and inhibin. The left uterine horn, whose diameter was markedly increased, showed foci of endometrial cellular atypia, evident nucleoli and mitoses, at light microscopy. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of a co‐existing ovarian monophasic teratoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma, two rare reproductive neoplasia in dogs.
A Definition and Categorization System for Advanced Materials: The Foundation for Risk‐Informed Environmental Health and Safety Testing
Authors: Kennedy Alan , Brame Jonathon , Rycroft Taylor , Wood Matthew , Zemba Valerie , Weiss Charles , Hull Matthew , Hill Cary , Geraci Charles , Linkov Igor 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNovel materials with unique or enhanced properties relative to conventional materials are being developed at an increasing rate. These materials are often referred to as advanced materials (AdMs) and they enable technological innovations that can benefit society. Despite their benefits, however, the unique characteristics of many AdMs, including many nanomaterials, are poorly understood and may pose environmental safety and occupational health (ESOH) risks that are not readily determined by traditional risk assessment methods. To assess these risks while keeping up with the pace of development, technology developers and risk assessors frequently employ risk‐screening methods that depend on a clear definition for the materials that are to be assessed (e.g., engineered nanomaterial) as well as a method for binning materials into categories for ESOH risk prioritization. The term advanced material lacks a consensus definition and associated categorization or grouping system for risk screening. In this study, we aim to establish a practitioner‐driven definition for AdMs and a practitioner‐validated framework for categorizing AdMs into conceptual groupings based on material characteristics. Results from multiple workshops and interviews with practitioners provide consistent differentiation between AdMs and conventional materials, offer functional nomenclature for application science, and provide utility for future ESOH risk assessment prioritization. The definition and categorization framework established here serve as a first step in determining if and when there is a need for specific ESOH and regulatory screening for an AdM as well as the type and extent of risk‐related information that should be collected or generated for AdMs and AdM‐enabled technologies.