Abstract 2322: ICAM-1 targeting CAR T cell therapy for triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Yang Yanping , Vedvyas Yogindra , McCloskey Jaclyn E. , Min Irene M. , Jin Moonsoo M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. TNBC patients do not respond to hormone receptor or HER2-targeted therapies owing to low expression of these cell surface biomarkers. The lacking of targeted therapy leaves conventional combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy as the standard-of-care treatment options for TNBC. But even this combination usually fails to prevent disease recurrence. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was recently discovered to be upregulated in TNBC and could serve as an attractive molecular target (Guo et al., PNAS 2014). Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has shown remarkable success against hematological malignancies, however there has been little success in the treatment of solid tumors. Here, we developed an ICAM-1 targeting CAR T cell-based immunotherapeutic strategy to redirect T cell to kill solid TNBC.
Methods: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of TNBC were utilized to determine ICAM-1 expression by immunohistochemistry. ICAM-1 surface protein expression in TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 was measured by flow cytometry. Primary T cells (n = 4 donors) were isolated and transduced with ICAM-1 CAR lentivirus twice at 24 and 48 hours after activation with anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads. In vitro killing ability was determined by co-incubation of GFP-Firefly Luciferase (GFP/Fluc) transduced target cells (HeLa, MDA-MB-231, and 293T) with transduced and non-transduced T cells. NSG mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts were treated with CAR T cells to test the in vivo efficacy. Bioluminescence was used to quantify cell lysis in vitro and to track tumor growth in vivo.
Results: 4 out of 8 TNBC PDX models (JAX, tumor markers: TER−/PR−/HER2−) showed strong IHC ICAM-1 staining. We validated by flow cytometry that ICAM-1 is highly expressed on TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. These results provide further evidence supporting ICAM-1 as a molecular target for TNBC by CAR T cell therapy. Primary T cells were transduced to express ICAM-1 targeting CAR at approximately 50%. Co-incubation of CAR T cells or non-transduced T cells with ICAM-1 positive cell lines (HeLa and MDA-MB-231) or negative control cell line (293T) showed that CAR T cell-mediated killing was ICAM-1 expression dependent. After 48 hours, 70% of HeLa and 85% of MDA-MB-231 cells were specifically lysed at effector to target ratio of 5:1, while no obvious killing of 293T cells was observed. Additionally, non-transduced T cells produced little killing with less than 20% of target cell lysis. Ongoing in vivo studies will determine the efficacy of this ICAM-1 targeting CAR T cell against TNBC.
Conclusions: We developed an ICAM-1 targeting CAR T cell with the ability to induce potent and specific killing of TNBC cells. Preclinical studies are being conducted to evaluate the feasibility of ICAM-1 specific CAR T cells as a potential therapy for patients with ICAM-1 positive TNBC.
Citation Format: Yanping Yang, Yogindra Vedvyas, Jaclyn E. McCloskey, Irene M. Min, Moonsoo M. Jin. ICAM-1 targeting CAR T cell therapy for triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2322.