bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle‐attached microorganism oxidation of ammonia in a hypereutrophic urban river
Authors: Cai Xianlei , Yao Ling , Hu Yuanyuan , Jiang Hui , Shen Mingdi , Hu Quanman , Wang Zixia , Dahlgren Randy A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo elucidate the importance and mechanisms of particle‐attached microorganisms on ammonia oxidation, we conducted a controlled simulation experiment with samples collected from the Shunao River, an ammonia‐rich hypereutrophic urban river in eastern China. The effects of particle concentration, ammonia concentration, organic carbon source and concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration, and pH were investigated on ammonia transformation rate (ammonia removal rate and NO2− + NO3− accumulation rate) and abundance of particle‐attached ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA). All these factors significantly influenced ammonia transformation rates. Our results provided direct evidence that microorganisms attached on riverine suspended particles were associated with ammonia oxidation. Sequencing revealed that the AOA genus Nitrososphaera, and the AOB genus Nitrosomonas were the most dominant in particle‐attached ammonia‐oxidizing microbial communities. Further analysis showed that AOB communities had higher species richness and diversity compared with AOA communities. Additionally, AOB amoA genes were ~10–100 times more abundant than AOA amoA genes, and AOB abundance was more strongly correlated with ammonia transformation rates than AOA abundance in most experiments, indicating that particle‐attached AOB were more important than AOA in the hypereutrophic urban river. This study adds to our knowledge of particle‐attached microorganism oxidation of ammonia.
Thermostable and halotolerant keratinase from Bacillus aerius NSMk2 with remarkable dehairing and laundary applications
Authors: Bhari Ranjeeta , Kaur Manpreet , Singh Ram S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKeratinases hydrolyze structural protein called keratin into constituent peptides. The present study reports excellent washing efficiency and dehairing properties of thermostable and halotolerant keratinase from Bacillus aerius NSMk2. Alkaline keratinase with molecular mass of 9 kDa displayed remarkable thermostability. K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mn2+, β‐mercaptoethanol, sodium sulfite, dithiothreitol, ethanol, isopropanol, Tween‐20, and Tween‐80 stimulated keratinase activity, while Hg2+ and Ba2+ were found to be inhibitory. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed a variety of complex protein substrates and exhibited high catalytic efficiency toward keratin‐rich substrates and least toward collagen. Keratinase showed exceptional stability to salinity and was found to be compatible with most of the commercial detergents. Efficient removal of chocolate, blood, and egg albumin stains from clothes and tolerance to elevated temperature and salinity potentiated the suitability of keratinase from B. aerius NSMk2 as laundary additive. Keratinase could efficiently dehair goat skin after 15 hr of incubation without damaging the grain structure and collagen layers that assures its use as a promising contender for leather industry.
Intravenous Fish Oil and Serum Fatty Acid Profiles in Pediatric Patients With Intestinal Failure–Associated Liver Disease
Authors: Ong Margaret L. , Venick Robert S. , Shew Stephen B. , Dunn James C. Y. , Reyen Laurie , Grogan Tristan , Calkins Kara L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous fish oil (FO) treats pediatric intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD). There are concerns that a lipid emulsion composed of ω‐3 fatty acids will cause an essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). This study's objective was to quantify the risk for abnormal fatty acid concentrations in children treated with FO.MethodsInclusion criteria for this prospective study were children with intestinal failure. Intravenous soybean oil (SO) was replaced with FO for no longer than 6 months. Serum fatty acids were analyzed using linear and logistic models, and compared with age‐based norms to determine the percentage of subjects with low and high concentrations.ResultsSubjects (n = 17) started receiving FO at a median of 3.6 months (interquartile range 2.4–9.6 months). Over time, α‐linolenic, linoleic, arachidonic, and Mead acid decreased, whereas docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid increased (P < 0.001 for all). Triene‐tetraene ratios remained unchanged (P = 1). Although subjects were 1.8 times more likely to develop a low linoleic acid while receiving FO vs SO (95% CI: 1.4–2.3,P < 0.01), there was not a significant risk for low arachidonic acid. Subjects were 1.6 times more likely to develop high docosahexaenoic acid while receiving FO vs SO; however, this was not significant (95% CI: 0.9–2.6,P = 0.08).ConclusionIn this cohort of parenteral nutrition–dependent children, switching from SO to FO led to a decrease in essential fatty acid concentrations, but an EFAD was not evident. Low and high levels of fatty acids developed. Further investigation is needed to clarify if this is clinically significant.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Stearic Acid Sucrose Ester: A Bio‐Based Surfactant
Authors: Kondamudi Narasimharao , McDougal Owen M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSugar esters of fatty acids are bio‐based surfactants that were synthesized by transesterification of table sugar (sucrose) with stearic acid methyl ester (SAME) in high yield and purity using an optimized microwave‐assisted method. The maximum surfactant product yield of 88.2% was obtained by combining reactants with potassium methoxide and irradiating the mixture with microwaves to achieve an ideal reaction temperature of 132 °C over 21 min. The synthetic procedure described herein minimized undesirable sugar pyrolysis as evidenced by retention of white color characteristic of a pure bio‐based surfactant product. The experiment implemented Box–Behnken design for response surface methodology to refine reaction parameters for optimal product yield. The following parameters were augmented: the irradiation time, the mole ratio of catalyst to sucrose, and temperature.
Changes in the perception of bitter constituents in thermally treated yeast extract
Authors: Alim Aygul , Song Huanlu , Yang Chao , Liu Ye , Zou Tingting , Zhang Yu , Zhang Songpei 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDMany studies have been performed over the past four decades to identify and quantify the odor‐active key volatiles in yeast extract (YE) but knowledge of the nonvolatile taste compounds is still rather fragmentary. In particular, research on bitter peptides with various structures during the thermal treatment of YE is still scarce.RESULTSCompounds imparting a bitter taste to thermally treated YE were investigated using sensory‐guided fractionation. This research found that when the treatment temperature reached 130 °C, bitter peptides were generated. Sensory evaluation of the purified, synthesized peptides revealed that four of these peptides showed a pronounced bitter taste with a taste dilution (TD) factor from 5 to 9. Guidance is provided for the production of bitter peptides in the flavor industry.CONCLUSIONBased on results from previous work on umami peptides, and this study, keeping the thermal reaction temperature under 120 °C could maximize the umami flavor and control bitterness so that it remains in an acceptable range. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Establishment of pressurized liquid extraction followed by HPLC–MS/MS method for the screening of adrenergic drugs, steroids, sedatives, colorants and antioxidants in swine feed
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Peng Dapeng , Zhu Yufei , Xie Shuyu , Pan Yuanhu , Chen Dongmei , Tao Yanfei , Yuan Zonghui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA facile and sensitive multi‐residue detection approach of pressurized liquid extraction following high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was established to detect the residues of adrenergic drugs, steroids, sedative, colorant and antioxidant in feed. The conditions employed for pressurized liquid extraction involved acetonitrile/ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) as the extracting solvent, the temperature 80°C, two cycles and a static time of 10 min. The extraction was followed by a solid‐phase extraction clean‐up step. The separation of samples was done by C18 column with the mobile phase of 5 mM ammonium acetate solution and acetonitrile with 0.1% formic acid. The limits of quantification ranged from 0.03 to 1 μg/kg, limits of detection were in a range of 0.01–0.5 μg/kg, and average recoveries were 70.4–98.6%. The pressurized liquid extraction procedure was optimized and overall method was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, selectivity, matrix effect, accuracy, recovery and stability of the target drugs in the pressurized liquid extraction extracts solution. The screening method was proved to be fast, selective, accurate and sensitive for screening drugs.
Ultrasound‐Guided Percutaneous Microwave Ablation for Substernal Goiter: Initial Experience
Authors: Cui Rui , Yu Jie , Han Zhi‐yu , Liu Fang‐yi , Yu Xiao‐ling , Liang Ping 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesTo preliminarily evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and feasibility of microwave ablation (MWA) for substernal goiter (SSG) in select patients and to provide a relevant treatment reference for further studies.MethodsFrom April 2017 to December 2017, 10 patients with SSG were treated by MWA. All patients were followed for at least 3 months to observe the therapeutic effects and complications. Therapeutic effects were assessed at follow‐up for the relief of patients’ symptoms, resolution of the cosmetic grade, and volume reduction rate (VRR) of SSG. Possibly related factors for the 3‐month VRR of the nodules were analyzed.ResultsThe study included 9 female patients and 1 male patient with a mean age ± SD of 56.8 ± 10.1 years (range, 34–70 years). The mean volume of the nodules was 52.9 ± 27.9 mL (range, 23.7–122.6 mL). The nodule volume was significantly reduced at the 3‐month follow‐up (17.5 ± 9.5 mL; P < .05). The mean 3‐month VRR of the index nodule was 66.7% ± 7.1%. A higher ablated portion‐to‐nodule ratio 1 day after MWA predicted a higher 3‐month VRR (Spearman r = 0.646; P = .044). The mean symptom score (from 4.5 ± 1.7 to 1.5 ± 1.0; P = .005) and cosmetic grade (from 3.3 ± 0.5 to 2.2 ± 0.4; P = .004) declined significantly 3 months after the procedure. No complications or unexpected side effects were observed.ConclusionsOur preliminary results support the effectiveness and safety of MWA for local control of SSG. This technology can be applied in select patients with SSG who are ineligible for surgery.
WHAT EVERY LEADER NEEDS TO KNOW ABOUT THE POWER OF SPONSORSHIP
Authors: Hewlett Sylvia Ann 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHewlett, founder of the Center for Talent Innovation (CTI), a think tank, writes about a “professional relationship in which an executive or manager identifies and chooses an outstanding junior talent, develops that person's career, and reaps significant rewards for these efforts.” She lists and explains “seven steps to effective sponsorship,” which in her words are: identify potential protégés, include a variety of perspectives, inspire to tap into passion and purpose, instruct to fill skill gaps, inspect your prospects, instigate a deal, and invest in three ways. Examples are drawn from such disparate sources as Los Angeles Lakers basketball superstar LeBron James and executives John Rogers and Mellody Hobson of Ariel Investments.
Scalable Trehalose‐Functionalized Hydrogel Synthesis for High‐Temperature Protection of Enzymes
Authors: Panescu Priera H. , Ko Jeong Hoon , Maynard Heather D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerein, a scalable, two‐step synthesis of a trehalose hydrogel for the thermostabilization of enzymes is reported. A reaction between vinylbenzyl chloride and trehalose in base, followed by a redox‐initiated radical polymerization of the resulting mixture, produces the gel in 88% yield. The reaction scale can be increased 100‐fold while maintaining a 76% yield. Additionally, various solvents are investigated for purification, and more sustainable manufacturing solvents are selected. When the three major enzymes utilized in animal feed, phytase, β‐glucanase, and xylanase, are heated to 90 °C in the hydrogel, greater than 98% activity is retained. Lastly, quantitative release of enzyme from the gel within 4 h is demonstrated. The scalable synthesis of the trehalose hydrogel, combined with its ability to stabilize and release a variety of animal feed enzymes, makes this technology promising for use with enzymes important in animal food production.
Syndiospecific Coordination Polymerization of Si‐H‐Containing Styrenes Catalyzed by Scandium Complex and Synthesis of Styrene‐Based Triblock Copolymers
Authors: Yu Hui , Yang Ke , Niu Hui , Yu Jialin , Dong Jinghan , Wang Jing , Li Yang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe controlled syndiospecific polymerization of three Si‐H‐containing styrenes, that is, 4‐(methylhydrosilyl)styrene (FSt‐1), 4‐(dimethylhydrosilyl)styrene (FSt‐2) and 4‐(diisopropylhydrosilyl)styrene (FSt‐3), is realized in the presence of (C5Me4SiMe3)Sc (CH2C6H5)2(THF)/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. Then a series of FSt‐b‐styrene‐b‐FSt triblock copolymers (FSt‐St‐FSt) are synthesized facilely via a sequential monomer feeding process (FSt‐2, styrene, and FSt‐2, respectively) during the polymerization. The syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) block in the middle endows the copolymer with high melting point above 250 °C, whereas the Si‐H groups on monomer FSt‐2 introduce functional pendants to the end‐blocks (with Si–H content of 31–63 mol%). Finally by a mild and high‐effective hydrosilylation reaction, novel polar‐group functionalized sPS is obtained.
Hemi Masticatory Spasm: Series of 7 Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Radhakrishnan Divya M. , Goyal Vinay , Shukla Garima , Singh Mamta Bhushan , Ramam M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundHemi masticatory spasm (HMS) is a rare movement disorder affecting muscles of mastication attributed to dysfunction of motor branch of trigeminal nerve and is characterized by painful spasm of masticatory muscles. Microvascular compression leading to focal demyelination of motor branch of trigeminal nerve is the most speculated on mechanism of HMS. Treatment options range from medical to surgical approaches, but botulinm toxin (BTX) has now become the preferred treatment.CasesWe report a retrospective review of 7 cases of HMS, supported by electrophysiological and clinical findings. All the cases had excellent response to BTX therapy.Discussion and ConclusionIn this article, we highlight the delay in diagnosis of HMS attributed to rarity, long course of illness, association with hemiatrophy, “Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus,” and scleroderma/morphea. Considering the favorable outcome to BTXs, surgical treatment can be avoided or delayed in majority except secondary cases.
Use of a sequential chimeric perforator flap for one‐stage reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects of the extremities
Authors: Qing Liming , Wu Panfeng , Yu Fang , Zhou Zhengbing , Tang Juyu 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundOne‐stage reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects of the extremities is a challenging problem. Repair of complex soft tissue defects requires adequate skin tissues to cover the large surface wound and special tissues for obliterating the dead space. The chimeric flap is one of the most popular approaches for reconstruction of complex soft tissue defects. However, the problems of donor‐site morbidity and inability to repair very large defects at one‐stage remain. The purpose of this study was to present our clinical experience using sequential chimeric perforator flaps for reconstruction of complex extremity defects with primary closure of the donor site.MethodsFrom August 2013 to March 2017, 12 patients with complex soft tissue defects underwent extremity reconstruction using sequential chimeric perforator flaps, which were composed of a chimeric anterolateral thigh perforator (ALTP) flap and an additional free perforator flap. The skin paddles were placed side‐by‐side to cover the large surface soft tissue defects, and the muscle component was used to obliterate the dead space. Of these patients, one was injured by a crushing accident, while the other 11 patients were injured in traffic accidents.ResultsThe size of the skin paddles ranged from 26 cm × 8 cm–10 cm × 6 cm to 30 cm × 8.5 cm–29 cm × 9 cm. The muscle paddle size ranged from 2 cm × 3 cm × 4 cm to 22 cm × 4 cm × 2 cm. All‐components of the sequential chimeric flaps survived in all‐patients. Vascular compromise was observed in one case. One case suffered minor wound‐edge necrosis and was treated conservatively. Primary closure of donor‐site was successfully achieved in all‐patients, and all‐donor‐site wounds healed uneventfully. The mean follow‐up time was 15.25 months. Most of the cases showed a satisfactory contour, and only two patients presented with mildly bulky appearance that treated with a debulking procedure.ConclusionsThe sequential chimeric perforator flap is an alternative procedure for reconstruct complex soft tissue defects of the extremities. This approach allows for flexible design, a larger cutaneous area, and low donor site morbidity.
Glucomannans Alleviated the Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease by Improving Kidney Metabolic Disturbance
Authors: Chen Haihong , Nie Qixing , Hu Jielun , Huang Xiaojun , Zhang Ke , Nie Shaoping 
Published: March 2019

ScopeThis study is aimed to investigate the kidney protective effects of glucomannans from Dendrobium officinale stem, konjac, and Aloe vera leaves on type 2 diabetic rats and explore its potential mechanisms.Methods and resultsPathological and metabolomics analysis methods are adopted in this study. Compared with the model group, lower levels of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and glycated serum protein are observed in glucomannan‐treated groups. Concentrations of serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and nonesterified fatty acid are significantly decreased by glucomannan treatment. Furthermore, glucomannan treatment significantly decreased the levels of uric acid, creatinine, urea in serum, and glycosuria, ketone body, and protein in the urine. Histopathological analysis showed that glucomannan treatment normalized the architecture of glomerulus. Metabolomic analysis indicated glucomannan treatment could improve urea cycle, metabolism of lipid, glucose, and amino acids on diabetes. In particular, the konjac glucomannan treatment is more effective in lipid and glucose regulation. Glucomannan from D. officinale is more effective in balancing the urea cycle and amino acid metabolism.ConclusionsThe disturbance of lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism is closely associated with the advancement of diabetic kidney disease, and glucomannan treatment could be efficient in the management of diabetic kidney disease.
An 8‐channel receive array for improved 31P MRSI of the whole brain at 3T
Authors: van Uden Mark J. , Peeters Tom H. , Rijpma Anne , Rodgers Christopher T. , Heerschap Arend , Scheenen Tom W. J. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo demonstrate a 1H/31P whole human brain volume coil configuration for 3 Tesla with separate 31P transmit and receive components that maintains 1H MRS performance and delivers optimal 31P MRSI with 1H decoupling.MethodsWe developed an 8‐channel 31P receive array coil covering the head to be used as an insert for a commercial double‐tuned 1H/31P birdcage transmit‐receive coil. This retains the possibility of using low‐power rectangular pulses for 1H‐decoupled 3D 31P MRSI (nominal resolution 17.6 cm3; acquisition duration 13 min) but increases the SNR with the receive sensitivity of 31P surface coils. The performance of the combined coil setup was evaluated by measuring 1H and 31P SNR with and without the 31P receive array and by assessing the effect of the receive array on the transmit efficiencies of the birdcage coil.ResultsCompared to the birdcage coil alone, the 31P insert in combination with the birdcage achieved an average 31P SNR gain of 1.4 ± 0.4 in a center partition of the brain. The insert did not cause losses in 1H MRS performance and transmit efficiency, whereas for 31P approximately 20% more power was needed to achieve the same γB1.ConclusionThe new coil configuration allows 1H MRSI and optimal 1H‐decoupled 3D 31P MRSI, with increased SNR of the human brain without patient repositioning, for clinical and research purposes at 3 Tesla.
Outcomes of right colon continent urinary pouch using standardized reporting methods
Authors: Myers Jeremy B. , Martin Christopher , Cheng Philip J. , Zhang Chong , Presson Angela P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsStudies of right colon pouch urinary diversion estimate risk of perioperative complications, 1%‐50%, and reoperation, 1%‐69%. This wide range is due to variable outcome measurements and reporting methods; it is also unclear which factors increase the risk of complications and reoperation. We sought to characterize the impact of patient‐specific factors on risk of complications, readmission, and reoperation after right colon pouch urinary diversion.MethodsPatients undergoing right colon pouch urinary diversion from January 2010 to April 2017 were analyzed. Outcomes included: high‐grade complications within 90 days (Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥3), readmission within 90 days, and reoperation at any time during follow‐up. Patient‐specific factors were analyzed to establish any associations with these outcomes.ResultsDuring the study period, 53 patients underwent the procedure and the average follow‐up was 30 (standard deviation [SD] 21.5) months; 90‐day high‐grade complications were 22% and readmission was 45%. The cumulative rate of any reoperation was 53% and major reoperation was 32%. Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of both postoperative complications and reoperation. Larger body mass index and prior abdominal surgery were associated with increased risk of readmission.ConclusionsOverall the rate of postoperative complications, readmissions, and reoperation was high, but in agreement with other contemporary series. This study helps to further characterize surgical outcomes after right colon pouch urinary diversion, however, similar to other studies in the literature, the rarity of the procedure limits the power to establish a link between preoperative patient factors and outcomes.
End‐of‐Trial Health Outcomes in Look AHEAD Participants who Elected to have Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Wadden Thomas A. , Chao Ariana M. , Bahnson Judy L. , Bantle John P. , Clark Jeanne M. , Gaussoin Sarah A. , Jakicic John M. , Johnson Karen C. , Miller Gary D. , Unick Jessica L. , Yanovski Susan Z. ,   the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThis study examined end‐of‐trial health outcomes in participants in the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial who had bariatric surgery during the approximately 10‐year randomized intervention.MethodsData were obtained from the Look AHEAD public access database of 4,901 individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity who were assigned to intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) or a diabetes support and education (DSE) control group. Changes in outcomes in participants who had bariatric surgery were compared with those in participants with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 who remained in the ILI and DSE groups.ResultsA total of 99 DSE and 97 ILI participants had bariatric surgery. At randomization, these 196 participants were significantly younger and more likely to be female and to have higher BMI than the remaining ILI (N = 1,972) and DSE (N = 2,009) participants. At trial’s end, surgically treated participants lost 19.3% of baseline weight, compared with 5.8% and 3.3% for the ILI and DSE groups, respectively, and were more likely to achieve partial or full remission of their diabetes.ConclusionsThe large, sustained improvements in weight and diabetes observed in this self‐selected sample of surgically treated participants are consistent with results of multiple randomized trials.