bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vom Unvermögen zum Un-Vermögen
Authors: Noller Jörg 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAre we free to act irrationally and evilly? Or are irrational and evil actions just consequences of our incapacity to act morally? The article discusses theses questions by referring to Kant’s practical philosophy. In a first step, I shall address Kant’s thesis given in hisGroundwork of the Metaphysics of Moralsthat a free will and a will under moral law be the same. This raises the problem of how it is possible to act immorally. In a second step, I will reconstruct Karl Leonhard Reinhold’s attempt to make freedom to act immorally also viable by conceiving of freedom as a “basic faculty” (“Grundvermögen”). Finally, I argue that Schelling in hisFreedom Essaybuilds on Reinhold, defining freedom as a “vital, positive capacity for good and evil” and making immoral actions comprehensible.
Tentative Sprechakte
Authors: Schoeller Donata 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper introduces speech acts that I denote as tentative, which means they do not make sense as single propositions. The meaning they make depends on the attempt to formulate something which seems difficult to put in words. There is no finished intention, feeling or idea to be represented; neither can one construct whatever one wants to say. Tentative speech acts make sense by literally speaking into a felt complexity, as Eugene Gendlin demonstrates. What needs to be understood in regards to these speech acts is a development of meaning occurring during the formulation and not the ontological status of inner entities. A happy outcome of tentative speech acts is a clarification of some aspect of a situation, problem, puzzlement or vague idea, at times involving complex implicit contexts, backgrounds and what Dilthey termed “Lebenszusammenhänge”. In order to speak of these kinds of complex points of reference, John Dewey introduced the term of the „quality of a situation“ and Eugene Gendlin the term „felt sense“. The paper explores ways to approach these speech acts and to consider their philosophical relevance.
Was ist eine psychische Störung?
Authors: Fulford K. W. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article sets out key contributions to the long-running debate about mental disorder from the ordinary language philosophy of the ‘Oxford School’. The distinction between definition and use of concepts underpinning ordinary language philosophy reframes the debate as a debate not just about mental disorder but about disorder in general, bodily as well as mental. The field work of ordinary language philosophy (focusing on the use of concepts as a guide to their meanings) shows that, attempts at elimination notwithstanding, there is an essential evaluative element in the meaning of disorder, bodily as well as mental. The concept of disorder in the debate thus reframed presents a double challenge for analysis: to explain why disorder has evaluative connotations used of mental conditions but descriptive connotations used of bodily conditions. Philosophical value theory, derived by applying ordinary language philosophy to the language of values, provides a rich resource of ideas for meeting this double challenge. It meets the double challenge at the level of theory by allowing both aspects of the double challenge of disorder to be derived from a logical property that disorder shares with all other value terms. It meets the double challenge at the level of practice by supporting the development of a new approach to working with values alongside evidence in healthcare called values-based practice. Ordinary language philosophy, notwithstanding these several contributions, is no panacea. It helps us to make a start, no more and no less, in understanding mental disorder.
“XANSONS for COD”: a new small BOINC project in crystallography
Authors: Neverov Vladislav S. , Khrapov Nikolay P. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
“XANSONS for COD” (http://xansons4cod.com) is a new BOINC project aimed at creating the open-access database of simulated x-ray and neutron powder diffraction patterns for nanocrystalline phase of materials from the collection of the Crystallography Open Database (COD). The project uses original open-source software XaNSoNS to simulate diffraction patterns on CPU and GPU. This paper describes the scientific problem this project solves, the project’s internal structure, its operation principles and organization of the final database.
Contractibility of the stability manifold for silting-discrete algebras
Authors: Pauksztello David , Saorín Manuel , Zvonareva Alexandra 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We show that any bounded t-structure in the bounded derived category of a silting-discrete algebra is algebraic, i.e. has a length heart with finitely many simple objects. As a corollary, we obtain that the space of Bridgeland stability conditions for a silting-discrete algebra is contractible.
Hydrocyanation of 2-arylmethyleneindan-1,3-diones using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as a nontoxic cyanating agent
Authors: Li Zheng , Du Yan , Lu Hao , Yang Aizhen , Yang Jingya 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe hydrocyanation of 2-arylmethyleneindan-1,3-diones with potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as a nontoxic cyanating agent to synthesize 2-(1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl)-2-arylacetonitriles in the presence of benzoyl chloride as a promoter and potassium carbonate as a base by a one-pot procedure is described. The use of nontoxic and inexpensive cyanide source, high yield and simple workup procedures are the advantages of this protocol.
Genomic Evaluation of Sunflower Broomrape (Orobanche Cumana) Germplasm by KASP Assay
Authors: Yonet Nilay , Aydin Yıldız , Evci Goksel , Altinkut Uncuoglu Ahu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOrobanche cumana Wallr. is a holoparasitic plant for only sunflower, hence it is called as sunflower broomrape. Yield loss created by O. cumana which is generally 50 % can reach to 100 %. In this study, it was planned to perform molecular characterization of O. cumana germplasm as nine locations of Thrace region obtained from Trakya Agricultural Research Institute by using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers, widely used in plant breeding programs, in Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) assay which is a fluorescent tagged allele specific PCR method based, economic, reliable and easily repeatable genotyping technology. Databases and literature were scanned to spot variations on O. cumana genome which is not known clearly. So far, four SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) marker (Ocum-197, Ocum-006, Ocum-023 and Ocum-151) regions showing polymorphic pattern were used for searching possible SNPs. Primer pairs were designed for amplification of the regions possibly having SNPs and PCR amplifications with these primer pairs were performed and 1 candidate deletion was detected on the amplicon which was amplified by Ocum-197 SSR marker. Following, the deletion was converted to KASP primers and KASP assay was performed. The deletion marker, Del-197, has grouped the samples from nine locations in the resulting allelic discrimination plot and infestation was performed according to this grouping, As a conclusion, Del-197 is considered as a selective marker for the ability to rapidly assay allelic variation at DNA markers for O. cumana populations that have effects on infestation results were evaluated as races, F, G, H and I in Thrace region.
Carcinogenic Hydrocarbon Pollution in Quintana Roo’s Sinkholes: Biotechnology for Remediation and Social Participation for Prevention
Authors: Lizardi-Jiménez Manuel Alejandro , Aguirre-García Gabriela Josefina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The State of Quintana Roo, in southeast of México, has important tourist attraction facilities, including underwater sinkholes popular among swimmers and divers. However, carcinogenic hydrocarbons were recently detected. The aim of this work was to demonstrate that biotechnology could represent an alternative to solve this problem; civil participation through the retrojection method could provide an alternative type of prevention.
Fluidization in Supercritical Water: Heat Transfer between Particle and Supercritical Water
Authors: Wei Liping , Lu Youjun 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Supercritical water fluidized bed reactor, which is used to gasify biomass and produce hydrogen, is a new member of fluidized bed family. Forced convection heat transfer between supercritical water and particles is a major basic heat transfer mechanism in supercritical water fluidized bed reactor. The object of this paper was to determine the heat transfer characteristics for a forced convection between a spherical particle and supercritical water (SCW) in a range of pressure from 23 to 27 MPa and temperature from 637 to 697 K. A numerical model fully accounting for thermal physical property variation of SCW has been solved using a finite volume method with Reynolds number up to 200. Comparing with constant property flow, high velocity and temperature gradient in the vicinity of the particle surface were observed when the variable thermal physical property of SCW was incorporated in calculation. Based on the numerical results, a correlation that takes into account the large thermal physical property variation was proposed for predicting Nusselt number.
Effects of a new chlorhexidine varnish on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro
Authors: Hayati Ali , Najafi Farhud , Tabatabaei Fahimeh Sadat 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Local sustained-release drug delivery systems increase the substantivity of drugs in the oral environment and subsequently enhance their therapeutic effects. This study sought to compare the effects of two commercially available varnishes and one experimental chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish on formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The solubility rates of the varnishes were evaluated as well.

Methods
Standard acrylic discs were fabricated and divided into groups based on the varnish applied to the disc surfaces, namely, V-varnish, Pascal, and experimental CHX varnish. The effects of the varnishes on S. mutans biofilm were assessed after 48 h. Bacterial growth on the discs was evaluated by colony count and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solubility was assessed by immersing the samples in phosphate buffered saline and recording their weight changes at different times. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.

Results
In the Pascal and experimental varnish groups, the total number of bacteria did not differ from that in the negative control group. The SEM findings confirmed the aforementioned results. Solubility varied significantly among the materials. V-varnish was detached from the surfaces after 2 days. No significant weight change was noted in the experimental varnish group at 14 days, while Pascal varnish showed gradual weight loss from the 5th day to the 10th day and had a plateau thereafter.

Conclusions
Biofilm formation was inhibited by the Pascal and experimental varnishes but not by the V-varnish. The highest acceptable rate of solubility was observed in the Pascal samples.
Long-term assessment of the success of a European badger reintroduction
Authors: Balestrieri Alessandro , Tirozzi Pietro , Agostani Eleonora , Saino Nicola 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo assess the success of a European badger reintroduction after 10 years, we monitored the reintroduction area (Regional Park of Montevecchia and Curone Valley, N Italy) using camera-trapping. Badgers were recorded 94 times by 20 camera-traps, spread over 12 out of the 15 1 km2grid-squares totally or partially surveyed. Eighteen videoclips recorded cubs, providing evidence of the occurrence of at least two litters. The occurrence of five badger social groups could be assessed, corresponding to 0.9–1.15 individual/km2. All suitable habitats of the reintroduction area have been currently colonised.
Mechanical Strengths and Microstructures of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Wengui , Luo Zhiyu , Long Chu , Huang Zhengyu , Huang Liang , Yu Qiang , Sun Zhihui 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The influences of nanoparticles on the mechanical properties and microstructures of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were investigated in this study. The compressive and flexural strengths of RAC with different dosages of nanoSiO2 (NS) and nanoCaCO3 (NC) were tested. Both the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) techniques were applied to analyze the microstructures and porosity of interfacial transition zones (ITZs) in RAC. Based on the comparison on compressive strength and flexural strength, the NS is more effective than the NC for improving the mechanical properties of RAC. Dispersion of NC particles by a superplasticizer can somewhat improve the early-age strength of RAC but is unlikely to enhance the 28-day mechanical strengths. This may be attributed to the better dispersion and pozzolanic activity of NS compared to NC. The results show that a denser microstructure and a reduction of porosity within ITZs were observed by incorporating NS, which occurred along with the improvement of the mechanical strengths of RAC. Moreover, the NS-modified RAC exhibits less total porosity than the NC-modified RAC. The NS-modified RAC mainly contains small size pores, but the NC-modified RAC has more large pores than the NS-modified RAC, which has negative effects on the mechanical properties of RAC.
A New Method for Direct Tensile Testing of Concrete
Authors: Alhussainy Faez , Hasan Hayder Alaa , Sheikh M. Neaz , Hadi Muhammad N. S. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Different testing methods were used in previous studies to measure the direct tensile strength of concrete. However, these methods experienced several major deficiencies such as stress concentration at the end of the specimens because of inadequate gripping and loading eccentricity and nonuniform fracture plane because of difficulties in aligning and centering the specimens during testing. This study presents the details of a new method of testing concrete under uniaxial tension. The method was developed to overcome the difficulties associated with testing methods adopted in the previous research studies. A full description of the wooden molds used in casting the specimens and the loading arrangements including the end grips, universal joints, and frame in which the specimens were tested under uniaxial tension are presented. As expected, all the tested specimens were fractured at the middle where the cross-sectional area was reduced by 20 %. Also, no crushing failure or slippage was observed at the ends of the tested specimens.
Dynamic Metamodeling for Predictive Analytics in Advanced Manufacturing
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Eddy Douglas , Krishnamurty Sundar , Grosse Ian , Denno Peter , Witherell Paul William , Lopez Felipe 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Metamodeling has been widely used in engineering for simplifying predictions of behavior in complex systems. The kriging method (Gaussian Process Regression) could be considered as a metamodeling technique that uses spatial correlations of sampling points to predict outcomes in complex and random processes. However, for large and nonideal data sets typical to those found in complex manufacturing scenarios, the kriging method is susceptible to losing its predictability and efficiency. To address these potential vulnerabilities, this article introduces a novel, dynamic metamodeling method that adapts kriging covariance matrices to improve predictability in contextualized, nonideal data sets. A key highlight of this approach is the optimal linking process, based on the location of prospective points, to alter the conventional stationary covariance matrices. This process reduces the size of resulting dynamic covariance matrices by retaining only the most critical elements necessary to maintain accuracy and reliability of new-point predictability. To further improve model fidelity, both the Gaussian parameters and design space attributes are optimized holistically within a problem space. Case studies with a representative test function show that the resulting Dynamic Variance-Covariance Matrix (DVCM) method is highly efficient without compromising accuracy. A second case study representative of an advanced manufacturing setting demonstrates the applicability and advantages of the DVCM method, including significantly increased model robustness.
Altered Excitability and Local Connectivity of mPFC-PAG Neurons in a Mouse Model of Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Cheriyan John , Sheets Patrick L. 
Published: April 2018

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a major role in both sensory and affective aspects of pain. There is extensive evidence that chronic pain produces functional changes within the mPFC. However, our understanding of local circuit changes to defined subpopulations of mPFC neurons in chronic pain models remains unclear. A major subpopulation of mPFC neurons project to the periaqueductal gray (PAG), which is a key midbrain structure involved in endogenous pain suppression and facilitation. Here, we used laser scanning photostimulation of caged glutamate to map cortical circuits of retrogradely labeled cortico-PAG (CP) neurons in layer 5 (L5) of mPFC in brain slices prepared from male mice having undergone chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Whole-cell recordings revealed a significant reduction in excitability for L5 CP neurons contralateral to CCI in the prelimbic (PL), but not infralimbic (IL), region of mPFC. Circuit mapping showed that excitatory inputs to L5 CP neurons in both PL and IL arose primarily from layer 2/3 (L2/3) and were significantly reduced in CCI mice. Glutamate stimulation of L2/3 and L5 elicited inhibitory inputs to CP neurons in both PL and IL, but only L2/3 input was significantly reduced in CP neurons of CCI mice. We also observed significant reduction in excitability and L2/3 inhibitory input to CP neurons ipsilateral to CCI. These results demonstrating region and laminar specific changes to mPFC-PAG neurons suggest that a unilateral CCI bilaterally alters cortical circuits upstream of the endogenous analgesic network, which may contribute to persistence of chronic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic pain is a significant unresolved medical problem that is refractory to traditional analgesics and can negatively affect emotional health. The role of central circuits in mediating the persistent nature of chronic pain remains unclear. Local circuits within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) process ascending pain inputs and can modulate endogenous analgesia via direct projections to the periaqueductal gray (PAG). However, the mechanisms by which chronic pain alters intracortical circuitry of mPFC-PAG neurons are unknown. Here, we report specific changes to local circuits of mPFC-PAG neurons in mice displaying chronic pain behavior after nerve injury. These findings provide evidence for a neural mechanism by which chronic pain disrupts the descending analgesic system via functional changes to cortical circuits.
Occurrence of the genus Actus (Mononchida: Mylonchulidae) in Vietnam
Authors: Thanh Tam Vu Thi 
Published: April 2018

Two species of Actus, A. conoidus and A. salvadoricus, are recorded, described and illustrated for the first time from Vietnam. Actus conoidus was collected from Bach Long Vi Island, Quang Ninh Province; its measurements and features corresponded well with the type population from Manipur, India. Actus salvadoricus was found in the Na Hang preservation area, Tuyen Quang Province; its measurements and morphological features corresponded well with the type population from Ilopango, San Andres, Sonsonate and El Recreo, El Salvador, as well as those from Okinawa, Japan. Citation: Vu Thi Thanh Tam, 2017. Occurrence of the genus Actus (Mononchida: Mylonchulidae) in Vietnam. Tap chi Sinh hoc, 39(3): 264-269. DOI: 10.15625/0866-7160/v39n3.9269. *Corresponding author: vtam7572@yahoo.com Received 2 March 2017, accepted 20 August 2017
Is there is a role for laparoscopy for treatment of appendicular mass?
Authors: Mohammed Asem F. , Shaheen Mahmoud A. , Eldesouky Mahmoud S. 
Published: April 2018

Background: The surgical intervention for acute appendicitis presenting with appendicular mass is not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of early laparoscopy and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) in the treatment of appendicular mass.Methods: During a 1-year period, 48 patients underwent LA for suspected appendicitis (n = 39), generalized peritonitis (n = 1), and an appendicular mass (n = 8).Results: All appendectomies were attempted and done laparoscopically except in one case (appendicular abscess), converted to an open approach. None of appendicular mass patients developed complications. There were no deaths. There was no significant difference between appendicular mass forming patients and non-mass-forming patients who underwent LA for an early appendicular mass as regard to the operative time (median [interquartile range]: 50 [36–60] vs 45 [25–50] min, p = 0.085) and postoperative hospital stay (median [interquartile range]: 2 [1–2] vs [1–2] days, p = 0.1). Conclusions: Early LA for appendicular mass patients is feasible, safe, and avoids misdiagnoses and the need for hospital readmission.
Low endogenous testosterone level is associated with high-risk prostate-specific antigen level in men with prostate cancer disease
Authors: Amadi Collins , Odum Ehimen P. , Aleme Benjamin M. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Low serum testosterone levels is hypothesized to predict adverse outcomes in prostate cancer patients. This study was structured to investigate this hypothesis using high-risk serum prostate-specific antigen as a marker of adverse outcome of the disease.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of serum total testosterone (TT) and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) records of prostate cancer patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Records of age, serum TT, and serum PSA test results from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2017 were acquired from laboratory and medical records and analyzed with SPSS software version 20. Results: The records of 450 men with prostate cancer were recruited for the study. The majority (56.7%) of the study cohorts were between 70 to 79 years of age. Hypogonadism was observed in 34.7% of the study cohort. The hypogonadal patients had higher PSA values compared to the eugonadal patients (p<0.001). Lower testosterone values were observed in patients with high-risk PSA levels (p<0.001). Strong significant negative correlations were observed between total PSA and endogenous testosterone within the overall study cohort (r= -0.792; p< 0.001), the hypogonadal group (r= -0.615; p < 0.001), and among the high-risk PSA group (r= -0.632; p< 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest low, rather than high, endogenous testosterone in prostate cancer disease is associated with high-risk PSA levels which implies adverse outcome in prostate cancer patients. However, further studies are warranted to confirm this association.