bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrative genomic analysis identifies associations of molecular alterations to APOBEC and BRCA1/2 mutational signatures in breast cancer
Authors: Trevino Victor 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe observed mutations in cancer are the result of ~30 mutational processes, which stamp particular mutational signatures (MS). Nevertheless, it is still not clear which genomic alterations correlate to several MS. Here, a method to analyze associations of genomic data with MS is presented and applied to The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer data revealing promising associations.MethodsThe MS were discretized into clusters whose extremes were statistically associated with mutations, copy number, and gene expression data.ResultsKnown associations for apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC) and for BRCA1 and BRCA2 support the proposal. For BRCA1/2, mutations in ARAP3, three focal deletions, and one amplification were detected. Around 50 mutated genes for the two APOBEC signatures were identified including three kinesins (KIF13A, KIF1B, KIF4A), three ubiquitins (USP45, UBR4, UBR1), and two demethylases (KDM5B, KDM5C) among other genes also connected to DNA damage pathways. The results suggest novel roles for other genes currently not involved in DNA repair. The altered expression program was very high for the BRCA1/2 signature, high for APOBEC signature 13 clearly associated to immune response, and low for APOBEC signature 2. The remaining signatures show scarce associations.ConclusionSpecific genetic alterations can be associated with particular MS.
Nerve ultrasound can identify treatment‐responsive chronic neuropathies without electrodiagnostic features of demyelination
Authors: Goedee H. Stephan , Herraets Ingrid J. T. , Visser Leo H. , Franssen Hessel , van Asseldonk Jan‐Thies H. , van der Pol W. Ludo , van den Berg Leonard H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionWe present a case series of six treatment‐naive patients with clinical phenotypes compatible with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy without electrodiagnostic features of demyelination but with abnormal peripheral ultrasound findings who responded to treatment.MethodsAll six patients underwent a complete set of ancillary investigations, including extensive nerve conduction studies. We also performed standardized nerve ultrasound of median nerves and brachial plexus as part of a larger effort to evaluate diagnostic value of sonography.ResultsNerve conduction studies did not show conduction block or other signs of demyelination in any of the six patients. Sonographic nerve enlargement was present in all patients and was most prominent in proximal segments of the median nerve and brachial plexus. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin resulted in objective clinical improvement.DiscussionOur study provides evidence that nerve ultrasound represents a useful complementary diagnostic tool for the identification of treatment‐responsive inflammatory neuropathies.
Validation of a visual analogue scale for the evaluation of the postoperative anxiety: A prospective observational study
Authors: Labaste François , Ferré Fabrice , Combelles Hélène , Rey Valentin , Foissac Jean‐Christophe , Senechal Anne , Conil Jean‐Marie , Minville Vincent 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimAnxiety affects the perception of pain during the postoperative period. A simple evaluation scale could improve the management of this component. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility and the consistency of a visual analogue scale for anxiety compared with the reference method, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).DesignObservational, prospective, monocentric study of 500 patients in the post‐anaesthetist care unit. Anxiety was evaluated using both the visual analogue scale for anxiety and the STAI in perioperative patients. Consistency between the visual analogue scale for anxiety and the STAI, detection thresholds and factors predicting anxiety were researched.ResultsA correlation was found between the visual analogue scale for anxiety and the STAI. There was also a correlation between pain and anxiety. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed a visual analogue scale for anxiety threshold of 34/100 allowing the identification of patients with or without anxiety. Predictive factors for anxiety are female gender, use of benzodiazepine in premedication, emergency surgery and significant pain in the post‐anaesthetist care unit. In summary, visual analogue scale for anxiety is a useful tool for detecting the anxiety component of postoperative pain. It could be used in association with covariates of interest to improve anxiety management during the postoperative period.
Weight bias internalization in a commercial weight management sample: prevalence and correlates
Authors: Pearl R. L. , Himmelstein M. S. , Puhl R. M. , Wadden T. A. , Wojtanowski A. C. , Foster G. D. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryObjectiveWeight bias internalization (WBI) is associated with poor weight‐related health. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and correlates of WBI in a large sample of adults in a commercial weight management programme.MethodsWW (the new Weight Watchers) members participated in an online survey. Participants (N = 18,769) completed the 10‐item Weight Bias Internalization Scale – Modified (WBIS‐M) and the Weight Self‐Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ). Participants reported details about weight‐stigmatizing experiences, including the onset, frequency and distress, and interpersonal sources of weight stigma. Participants self‐reported their demographics, weight history, and height and weight (to compute body mass index [BMI]).ResultsWeight bias internalization was relatively high compared with the general population (mean WBIS‐M score = 4.3 ± 1.4; mean WSSQ total score = 35.2 ± 9.7). WBI was higher among participants who were female, younger and had higher BMIs (p < 0.001) and lower among those who were Black and were widowed or had a romantic partner (p < 0.001). Onset of weight stigma in childhood and young adulthood, and recent distress due to weight stigma, predicted higher WBI. Extended family and school sources of weight stigma had weaker associations with WBI than did other interpersonal sources.ConclusionsWeight bias was internalized by a significant proportion of adults enrolled in a commercial weight management programme. A phenotype of WBI includes demographic characteristics and the timing and sources of weight stigma.
Anxiety and depression mediate the association between chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy and fatigue: Results from the population‐based PROFILES registry
Authors: Bonhof Cynthia S. , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. , Vissers Pauline A.J. , Wasowicz Dareczka K. , Wegdam Johannes A. , Révész Dóra , Vreugdenhil Gerard , Mols Floortje 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveChemotherapy‐induced sensory peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is common among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. The aim of this study was to examine whether CIPN is associated with both psychological distress (ie, anxiety and depression) and fatigue and whether the relationship between CIPN and fatigue can (partly) be explained by psychological distress.MethodsAll CRC survivors diagnosed between 2000 and 2009 as registered by the population‐based Netherlands Cancer Registry (Eindhoven region) were eligible for participation. Chemotherapy‐treated survivors completed questions on CIPN (EORTC QLQ‐CIPN20), psychological distress (HADS), and fatigue (FAS) on average 5.6 years after diagnosis. Simple and multiple mediation analyses were performed to examine anxiety and depression as possible mediators in the association between CIPN and fatigue.ResultsSurvivors with high (ie, upper 30% of scores) CIPN (n = 172) reported more anxiety and depressive symptoms and more fatigue compared with those with low CIPN (n = 299). Furthermore, among survivors with high CIPN, those who were anxious, depressed, or both reported more fatigue compared with those without psychological distress. These differences were clinically relevant. Finally, mediation analyses showed that while CIPN was directly associated with fatigue, the relationship between CIPN and fatigue was also significantly mediated by both anxiety and depression.ConclusionsCRC survivors with high CIPN report more fatigue, especially those who are also anxious and/or depressed. More research is needed on the direction of the relationship between CIPN, psychological distress, and fatigue. For now, the treatment of fatigue should also focus on addressing psychological distress, as treating fatigue alone might not be sufficient.
Cognitive factors related to distress in patients recently diagnosed with cancer
Authors: Priede Amador , Hoyuela Fernando , Umaran‐Alfageme Olga , González‐Blanch César 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to analyse the association between rumination and thought suppression and the intensity of psychological distress in a sample of patients with recently diagnosed cancer.MethodsA total of 131 patients with a recent diagnosis of cancer were assessed within 4 months of diagnosis. All participants completed standardized questionnaires to assess psychological distress, rumination, and thought suppression. Multiple regression and logistic regression models were conducted to determine the associations between these variables.ResultsThe multiple regression model explained 50% of variance in psychological distress, with rumination independently explaining more than 16% of the variance. Thought suppression, however, was not significantly associated with distress. The logistic model for caseness of depression and anxiety explained, respectively, 33% and 48% of the variance. Anxiety caseness was also associated with social support and self‐efficacy.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate that rumination is an important explanatory variable of psychological distress in patients with recently diagnosed cancer. Statistical models that include rumination could explain a significant proportion of variance of clinical caseness for both anxiety and depression. These findings suggest that assessing rumination in recently diagnosed patients could improve clinical practice by detecting individuals at greater risk of developing more severe psychological distress. These findings suggest that treating rumination as a key component of the therapeutic objectives of psychological interventions could improve clinical outcomes.
Continuous‐Wave Laser Ignition of Non‐Solvent Ionic Liquids Based on High Energetic Salts with Carbon Additives
Authors: Itouyama Noboru , Habu Hiroto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ignition system for ammonium dinitramide‐based non‐solvent ionic liquids (ADN‐EILPs) with a continuous‐wave (CW) laser was investigated. The efficiency of conversion from CW laser power to ignition energy for ADN‐EILPs is important, and carbon additives are expected to enhance the efficiency of conversion. The impact of additive shapes on ADN‐EILP ignition by CW lasers is discussed herein by comparing the results of the ignition behavior observation using a high‐speed infrared camera. The shapes of the carbon additives are of two different types: fine fiber mass, called carbon wool, and powder of graphite. The ignition delay of carbon wool mixed ADN‐EILPs is shorter than that of the sample with graphite powder. The difference in these results might depend on the low dispersibility in ADN‐EILPs of carbon wools and the presence of local heat spots owing to the CW laser. The addition of carbon wools in ADN‐EILPs is expected to facilitate their ignition by CW laser heating.
Non‐Singular Black Holes Interiors Need Physics Beyond the Standard Model
Authors: Brustein Ram , Medved A.J.M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe composition as well as the very existence of the interior of a Schwarzschild black hole (BH) remains at the forefront of interesting, open problems in fundamental physics. To address this issue, we turn to Hawking's “principle of ignorance”, which says that, for an observer with limited information about a physical system, all descriptions that are consistent with known physics are equally valid. We compare three different observers who view the BH from the outside and agree on the external Schwarzschild geometry. First, the modernist, who accepts the classical BH as the final state of gravitational collapse, the singularity theorems that underlie this premise and the central singularity that the theorems predict. The modernist is willing to describe matter in terms of quantum fields in curved space but insists on (semi)classical gravity. Second is the skeptic, who wishes to evade any singular behavior by finding a loophole to the singularity theorems within the realm of classical general relativity (GR). The third is a postmodernist who similarly wants to circumvent the singularity theorems but is willing to invoke exotic quantum physics in the gravitational and/or matter sector to do so. The postmodern view suggests that the uncertainty principle can stabilize a classically singular BH in a similar manner to the stabilization of the classically unstable hydrogen atom: Strong quantum effects in the matter and gravitational sectors resolve the would‐be singularity over horizon‐sized length scales. The postmodern picture then requires a significant departure from (semi)classical gravity, as well as some exotic matter beyond the standard model of particle physics (SM). We find that only the postmodern framework is consistent with what is known so far about BH physics and conclude that a valid description of the BH interior needs matter beyond the SM and gravitational physics beyond (semi)classical GR.
An NMR and MD study of complexes of bacteriophage lambda lysozyme with tetra‐ and hexa‐N‐acetylchitohexaose
Authors: Turupcu Aysegul , Bowen Alice M. , Di Paolo Alexandre , Matagne André , Oostenbrink Chris , Redfield Christina , Smith Lorna J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe X‐ray structure of lysozyme from bacteriophage lambda (λ lysozyme) in complex with the inhibitor hexa‐N‐acetylchitohexaose (NAG6) (PDB: 3D3D) has been reported previously showing sugar units from two molecules of NAG6 bound in the active site. One NAG6 is bound with four sugar units in the ABCD sites and the other with two sugar units in the E′F′ sites potentially representing the cleavage reaction products; each NAG6 cross links two neighboring λ lysozyme molecules. Here we use NMR and MD simulations to study the interaction of λ lysozyme with the inhibitors NAG4 and NAG6 in solution. This allows us to study the interactions within the complex prior to cleavage of the polysaccharide. 1HN and 15N chemical shifts of λ lysozyme resonances were followed during NAG4/NAG6 titrations. The chemical shift changes were similar in the two titrations, consistent with sugars binding to the cleft between the upper and lower domains; the NMR data show no evidence for simultaneous binding of a NAG6 to two λ lysozyme molecules. Six 150 ns MD simulations of λ lysozyme in complex with NAG4 or NAG6 were performed starting from different conformations. The simulations with both NAG4 and NAG6 show stable binding of sugars across the D/E active site providing low energy models for the enzyme‐inhibitor complexes. The MD simulations identify different binding subsites for the 5th and 6th sugars consistent with the NMR data. The structural information gained from the NMR experiments and MD simulations have been used to model the enzyme‐peptidoglycan complex.
Tetranuclear 3 d/4 f Coordination Complexes as Homogeneous Catalysts for Bis(indolyl)methane Syntheses
Authors: Sai Manoj Gorantla N. V. T. , Guruprasad Reddy Pulikanti , Abdul Shakoor Sayed Mohmmed , Mandal Rajkumar , Roy Sudipta , Mondal Kartik Chandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo novel 3d (Ni)/4 f (Dy and Y) metal ions and polydentate organic ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) based tetranuclear coordination complexes, [(L1)4NiII2DyIII2(DMF)2(NO3)2]⋅DMF (1) and [(L2)4NiII2YIII2(DMF)2(NO3)2]⋅DMF⋅H2O (2), have been synthesized and characterized using IR, elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The application of these complexes as C−C bond coupling homogeneous catalysts has been logically shown. The complex 1 acts as an excellent catalyst (with a very low catalyst loading of 0.17 mol%) for the syntheses of a wide range of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives in good yields using various indoles and aromatic/hetero aromatic aldehydes under optimized reaction conditions. A plausible reaction mechanism has been proposed showing the coordinative binding of the aromatic aldehyde at NiII centre along with the associative π‐stacking interaction between the ligand (H2L1) and the phenyl ring of the aromatic aldehyde and/or indole leading to the formation of the desired bis(indolyl)methanes under the metal assisted C−C bond forming reaction with subsequent elimination of water molecule in polar protic solvent.
Reviewing the decision‐making behavior of irrigators
Authors: Meempatta Lubna , Webb A. James , Horne Avril C. , Keogh Louise Anne , Loch Adam , Stewardson Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe contribution of agriculture to society is undeniable, as is its impact on the environment. Irrigators' decisions to follow best management practices or implement a policy change, to accept a technology, or even to exit farming, all affect society. Hence the decision‐making behavior of irrigators is of interest to politicians, policymakers, and researchers due to their impact on resource use and social concerns for their welfare. There are numerous studies available regarding the decision‐making behavior of irrigators. Most of them concentrate on decisions within a single time frame, single decisions with multiple driving forces, or multiple decisions with a single driving force. We have conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature related to irrigators' decision‐making behavior. We used a systematic method to identify relevant publications and used qualitative data analysis (content analysis) to analyze trends and/or patterns across the selected articles. This research provided a typology and an overarching high‐level framework of irrigators' decision‐making process irrespective of the types of decisions made. The results of the study demonstrate that it is highly beneficial to integrate both qualitative and quantitative methods in a single study to get a complete picture of irrigators' decision‐making process. This allows us to ensure that we have captured the relevant drivers of decision‐making in highly dynamic and complex environments. Better knowledge of irrigators' decision‐making process allows regulators to shape improved agricultural policy and increase acceptance by irrigators of technologies that allow water managers to allocate resources fairly among different stakeholders.This article is categorized under:
Human Water > Methods
Engineering Water > Planning Water
Human Water > Water Governance
The effect of the ECB’s conventional monetary policy on the real economy: FAVAR-approach
Authors: Laine Olli-Matti Juhani 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study applies factor-augmented vector autoregressive models to investigate the effect of the European Central Bank’s (ECB) conventional monetary policy on the real economy. More specifically, the study examines how unanticipated changes in the ECB’s policy rate have affected unemployment rate and industrial production. The effect of monetary policy on unemployment rate and industrial production is estimated to be strong and statistically significant using the data from January 1999 to July 2017 or from the pre-crisis period. However, after the beginning of the crisis the responses weaken drastically and become sometimes statistically insignificant, indicating that the effect of the ECB’s conventional monetary policy became weaker after the financial crisis. This finding is extremely interesting because one could presume either weaker or stronger effect based on economic theory. Additionally, the previous studies that have analysed the possible changes in the monetary policy effectiveness in the euro area have not found any changes (e.g. Bagzibagli in Empir Econ 47(3):781–823, 2014; Von Borstel et al. in Int J Money Finance 68:386–402, 2016).
Provision of Surgical Care for Children Across Somaliland: Challenges and Policy Guidance
Authors: Concepcion Tessa L. , Smith Emily R. , Mohamed Mubarak , Dahir Shugri , Ismail Edna Adan , Leather Andrew J. M. , Poenaru Dan , Rice Henry E. ,   the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundExisting data suggest a large burden of surgical conditions in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). However, surgical care for children in LMICs remains poorly understood. Our goal was to define the hospital infrastructure, workforce, and delivery of surgical care for children across Somaliland and provide policy guidance to improve care.MethodsWe used two established hospital assessment tools to assess infrastructure, workforce, and capacity at all hospitals providing surgical care for children across Somaliland. We collected data on all surgical procedures performed in children in Somaliland between August 2016 and July 2017 using operative logbooks.ResultsData were collected from 15 hospitals, including eight government, five for‐profit, and two not‐for‐profit hospitals. Children represented 15.9% of all admitted patients, and pediatric surgical interventions comprised 8.8% of total operations. There were 0.6 surgical providers and 1.2 anesthesia providers per 100,000 population. A total of 1255 surgical procedures were performed in children in all hospitals in Somaliland over 1 year, at a rate of 62.4 surgical procedures annually per 100,000 children. Care was concentrated at private hospitals within urban areas, with a limited number of procedures for many high‐burden pediatric surgical conditions.ConclusionsWe found a profound lack of surgical capacity for children in Somaliland. Hospital‐level surgical infrastructure, workforce, and care delivery reflects a severely resource‐constrained health system. Targeted policy to improved essential surgical care at local, regional, and national levels is essential to improve the health of children in Somaliland.
Technology in children’s picture books as an agent for reinforcing or challenging traditional gender stereotypes
Authors: Axell Cecilia , Boström Johan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTechnology is a field with strong connections to the female/male dichotomy. Children start to stereotype everyday life regarding this dichotomy as early as the age of two. The preschool, through its activities—among them reading aloud from picture books—is an arena where societal norms can be either preserved or challenged. Books about different artefacts, e.g. cars, airplanes and boats, often serve as an introduction for children about the human application of technology and may influence how they identify and categorise the technology they encounter in everyday life. The aim of this study was to investigate the technological content in a selection of picture books from a gender perspective. Since preschools in Sweden often use books from libraries in their daily activities, the empirical material was derived from the library sectionsFacts for youngstersandTechnology for youngsters, aimed at children aged 1–3 and 3–6. A thematic analysis was used to discover the dominant themes within the books. The results show that there is a focus on how separate artefacts function but no detailed explanation of how these artefacts are connected or what kind of implications they have in a societal context. There also seems to be an emphasis on traditionally masculine coded technology.