bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Index design and safety evaluation of pesticides application based on a fuzzy AHP model for beverage crops: tea as a case study
Authors: Chen Zongmao , Zhou Li , Yang Mei , Luo Fengjian , Lou Zhengyun , Zhang Xinzhong , Sun Hezhi , Wang Xinru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractsBACKGROUNDA fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is shown to be an effective methodology for multiple criteria decision‐making from various heterogeneous data. Despite application of AHP to some decision‐making problems in agriculture, research on AHP utilization for screening the safe use of pesticides for tea plantations based upon multiple criteria has not been reported. The overall safety chain from tea plantation to tea manufacture to tea cup after pesticides had been sprayed on a tea plantation was considered and the AHP network was constructed at two levels with two categories, tea‐related parameters and pesticide toxicity. Seven criteria were selected as safety indexes, half‐lives of pesticides on the tea plant (T1/2), water solubility (Ws), vapor pressure (Vp), acceptable daily intake (ADI), acute oral lethal dose of pesticides to rat (LD50), and ecotoxicity of pesticides including LD50 to bees and LD50 to aquatic organisms.RESULTSAccording to the AHP, water solubility was the most important factor in the evaluation pesticide safety for use on a tea plantation, followed by the half‐lives of the pesticides on the tea plant and the acceptable daily intake. Combined with the scale of seven criteria and relative weight (W), 48 pesticides with an overall score (S) < 25 could be regarded as relatively safe compounds when applied in tea plantations.CONCLUSIONAn AHP approach was suggested to evaluate the safe use of pesticides on tea plantations. This study provides a new idea for the evaluation of safety in beverage crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Phase Transfer Catalyst Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural from Biomass‐Derived Carbohydrates in a Biphasic Batch Reactor
Authors: Onkarappa Sharath Bandibairanahalli , Dutta Saikat 
Published: July 2019

Abstract5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural (CMF), a bio‐renewable chemical building block, has been produced in good isolated yields from biomass‐derived carbohydrates within a closed aqueous HCl‐1,2‐dichloroethane biphasic reactor in the presence of benzyltributylammonium chloride (BTBAC) as a phase transfer catalyst (PTC). The solvent‐economic, one‐pot strategy afforded CMF in 73% isolated yield (90 °C, 3 h) from sucrose with a combined yield of 84% for CMF and levulinic acid. The process was optimized on temperature, duration, solvent, type, and loading of PTC. Use of BTBAC led to nearly 10% increase in yield of CMF for all substrates when compared to control reactions.
Metal‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of Sulfonamides from Nitroarenes and Arylsulfonyl Chlorides in Water
Authors: Zhang Kaili , Zhang Yin , Liu Qixing , He Dan , Tian Juyan , Zhou Haifeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA metal‐free one‐pot synthesis of sulfonamides from readily available nitroarenes and arylsulfonyl chlorides promoted by diboronic acid in water has been described. Twenty‐one examples of arylsulfonamides were obtained in moderate to good yields. Notably, a disulfonamide was also prepared from dinitrobenzene by this method. In addition, this one‐pot process is applicable for gram‐scale synthesis.
Multifunctional Boron‐Doped Diamond Colloidal AFM Probes
Authors: Daboss Sven , Knittel Peter , Nebel Christoph E. , Kranz Christine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractScanning probe microscopy techniques providing information on conductivity, chemical fluxes, and interfacial reactivity synchronized with topographical information have gained importance within the last decades. Herein, a novel colloidal atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe is presented using a spherical boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode attached and electrically connected to a modified silicon nitride cantilever. These conductive spherical BDD–AFM probes allow for electrochemical force spectroscopy. The physical robustness of these bifunctional probes, and the excellent electrochemical properties of BDD renders this concept a unique multifunctional tool for a wide variety of scanning probe studies including conductive AFM, hybrid atomic force–scanning electrochemical microscopy, and tip‐integrated chem/bio sensing.
Encapsulation, Visualization and Expression of Genes with Biomimetically Mineralized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 (ZIF‐8)
Authors: Poddar Arpita , Conesa José J. , Liang Kang , Dhakal Sudip , Reineck Philipp , Bryant Gary , Pereiro Eva , Ricco Raffaele , Amenitsch Heinz , Doonan Christian , Mulet Xavier , Doherty Cara M. , Falcaro Paolo , Shukla Ravi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent work in biomolecule‐metal–organic framework (MOF) composites has proven to be an effective strategy for the protection of proteins. However, for other biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids, the encapsulation into nano MOFs and the related characterizations are in their infancy. Herein, encapsulation of a complete gene‐set in zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) MOFs and cellular expression of the gene delivered by the nano MOF composites are reported. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid (plGFP) as a proof‐of‐concept genetic macromolecule, successful transfection of mammalian cancer cells with plGFP for up to 4 days is shown. Cell transfection assays and soft X‐ray cryo‐tomography (cryo‐SXT) demonstrate the feasibility of DNA@MOF biocomposites as intracellular gene delivery vehicles. Expression occurs over relatively prolonged time points where the cargo nucleic acid is released gradually in order to maintain sustained expression.
Superior Magnetic Performance in FePt L10 Nanomaterials
Authors: Son Kwanghyo , Ryu Gihun , Jeong Hyeon‐Ho , Fink Lukas , Merz Michael , Nagel Peter , Schuppler Stefan , Richter Gunther , Goering Eberhard , Schütz Gisela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe discovery of the high maximum energy product of 59 MGOe for NdFeB magnets is a breakthrough in the development of permanent magnets with a tremendous impact in many fields of technology. This value is still the world record, for 40 years. This work reports on a reliable and robust route to realize nearly perfectly ordered L10‐phase FePt nanoparticles, leading to an unprecedented energy product of 80 MGOe at room temperature. Furthermore, with a 3 nm Au coverage, the magnetic polarization of these nanomagnets can be enhanced by 25% exceeding 1.8 T. This exceptional magnetization and anisotropy is confirmed by using multiple imaging and spectroscopic methods, which reveal highly consistent results. Due to the unprecedented huge energy product, this material can be envisaged as a new advanced basic magnetic component in modern micro and nanosized devices.
New Palaeogene caviomorphs (Rodentia, Hystricognathi) from Santa Rosa, Peru: systematics, biochronology, biogeography and early evolutionary trends
Authors: Arnal Michelle , Kramarz Alejandro G. , Vucetich María G. , Frailey Carl D. , Campbell Kenneth E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe origin and early evolution of South American rodents are ongoing subjects of debate. The caviomorphs of the Peruvian localities of Santa Rosa and Contamana are the oldest South American rodents so far known. The Santa Rosa rodents are abundant and diverse, but dating was based on biostratigraphy (?Eocene), whereas in various Contamana sites radiometric dates, vertebrate biochronology and palynostratigraphy suggest an age of 41.6–40.94 Ma (late middle Eocene). Previous faunal comparisons between the localities have identified few shared taxa. Here we studied new and previously described rodent fossils from Santa Rosa and analysed their biochronological and biogeographical implications. We recognize five new taxa and three genera for Santa Rosa, four of them previously known only from the Eocene Contamana region. Thus, the Santa Rosa and the late middle Eocene Contamana assemblages appear to be chronologically closer than previously thought. An ?Eocene age for Santa Rosa is substantiated by other mammals reported from Santa Rosa. With 11 named genera and 15 species, the Santa Rosa rodents represent the most species‐rich South American Palaeogene rodent assemblage known. The Eocene radiation in the Neotropics that gave rise to this diversity was not associated with an immediate geographical dispersion to higher latitudes, perhaps because different biogeographical barriers or factors of competition delayed their dispersal. Evidence suggests that replacement, rather than a persistence of conservative long‐lasting lineages, was the dominant process among Palaeogene tropical caviomorph rodents.
Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in commercially available biosolid‐based products: The effect of treatment processes
Authors: Kim Lazcano Rooney , de Perre Chloé , Mashtare Michael L. , Lee Linda S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in a variety of consumer and industrial products and are known to accumulate in sewage sludge due to sorption and their recalcitrant nature. Treatment processes ensure safe and high‐quality biosolids by reducing the potential for adverse environmental impacts such as pathogen levels; however, they have yet to be evaluated for their impact on the fate of PFAS. The objective of this study was to compare PFAS concentrations in four commercially available biosolid‐based products that received different types of treatments: heat treatment, composting, blending, and thermal hydrolysis. Seventeen perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) were quantified using liquid chromatography with tandem quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry followed by screening for 30 PFAA precursors. Treatment processes did not reduce PFAA loads except for blending, which served only to dilute concentrations. Several PFAA precursors were identified with 6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diesters in all samples pre‐ and post‐treatment.Practitioner points

Heat treatment and composting increased perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations.

Only dilution from blending with non‐PFAS material decreased PFAA concentrations.

Thermal hydrolysis process had no apparent effect on PFAA concentrations.

PFAS sources are a greater driver of PFAS loads in biosolid‐based products than treatment processes.
Past, present and future modally introduced
Authors: Placek Tomasz 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate the concepts of past, present, and future that build upon a modal distinction between a settled past and an open future. The concepts are defined in terms of a pre-causal ordering that is determined by the qualitative differences between alternative possible histories. We look what an event’s past, present, and future look like in the so-called Minkowskian Branching Structures, one in which histories are isomorphic to Minkowski space-time.
Individualized atrophy scores predict dementia onset in familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Staffaroni Adam M. , Cobigo Yann , Goh Sheng‐Yang M. , Kornak John , Bajorek Lynn , Chiang Kevin , Appleby Brian , Bove Jessica , Bordelon Yvette , Brannelly Patrick , Brushaber Danielle , Caso Christina , Coppola Giovanni , Dever Reilly , Dheel Christina , Dickerson Bradford C. , Dickinson Susan , Dominguez Sophia , Domoto‐Reilly Kimiko , Faber Kelly , Ferrall Jessica , Fields Julie A. , Fishman Ann , Fong Jamie , Foroud Tatiana , Forsberg Leah K. , Gavrilova Ralitza , Gearhart Debra , Ghazanfari Behnaz , Ghoshal Nupur , Goldman Jill , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Graff‐Radford Neill , Grant Ian , Grossman Murray , Haley Dana , Heuer Hilary W. , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek , Huey Edward D. , Irwin David J. , Jones David T. , Jones Lynne , Kantarci Kejal , Karydas Anna , Kaufer Daniel I. , Kerwin Diana R. , Knopman David S. , Kraft Ruth , Kramer Joel H. , Kremers Walter K. , Kukull Walter A. , Litvan Irene , Ljubenkov Peter A. , Lucente Diane , Lungu Codrin , Mackenzie Ian R. , Maldonado Miranda , Manoochehri Masood , McGinnis Scott M. , McKinley Emily , Mendez Mario F. , Miller Bruce L. , Multani Namita , Onyike Chiadi , Padmanabhan Jaya , Pantelyat Alex , Pearlman Rodney , Petrucelli Len , Potter Madeline , Rademakers Rosa , Ramos Eliana Marisa , Rankin Katherine P. , Rascovsky Katya , Roberson Erik D. , Rogalski Emily , Sengdy Pheth , Shaw Leslie M. , Syrjanen Jeremy , Tartaglia M. Carmela , Tatton Nadine , Taylor Joanne , Toga Arthur , Trojanowski John Q. , Weintraub Sandra , Wang Ping , Wong Bonnie , Wszolek Zbigniew , Boxer Adam L. , Boeve Brad F. , Rosen Howard J. ,   on behalf of the ARTFL/LEFFTDS consortium
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionSome models of therapy for neurodegenerative diseases envision starting treatment before symptoms develop. Demonstrating that such treatments are effective requires accurate knowledge of when symptoms would have started without treatment. Familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration offers a unique opportunity to develop predictors of symptom onset.MethodsWe created dementia risk scores in 268 familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration family members by entering covariate‐adjusted standardized estimates of brain atrophy into a logistic regression to classify asymptomatic versus demented participants. The score's predictive value was tested in a separate group who were followed up longitudinally (stable vs. converted to dementia) using Cox proportional regressions with dementia risk score as the predictor.ResultsCross‐validated logistic regression achieved good separation of asymptomatic versus demented (accuracy = 90%, SE = 0.06). Atrophy scores predicted conversion from asymptomatic or mildly/questionably symptomatic to dementia (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: [1.16,1.98]).DiscussionIndividualized quantification of baseline brain atrophy is a promising predictor of progression in asymptomatic familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration mutation carriers.
Sustained improvement in hospital cleaning associated with a novel education and culture change program for environmental services workers
Authors: Martin Elena K. , Salsgiver Elizabeth L. , Bernstein Daniel A. , Simon Matthew S. , Greendyke William G. , Gramstad James M. , Weeks Roydell , Woodward Timothy , Jia Haomiao , Saiman Lisa , Furuya E. Yoko , Calfee David P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To sustainably improve cleaning of high-touch surfaces (HTSs) in acute-care hospitals using a multimodal approach to education, reduction of barriers to cleaning, and culture change for environmental services workers.Design:Prospective, quasi-experimental, before-and-after intervention study.Setting:The study was conducted in 2 academic acute-care hospitals, 2 community hospitals, and an academic pediatric and women’s hospital.Participants:Frontline environmental services workers.Intervention:A 5-module educational program, using principles of adult learning theory, was developed and presented to environmental services workers. Audience response system (ARS), videos, demonstrations, role playing, and graphics were used to illustrate concepts of and the rationale for infection prevention strategies. Topics included hand hygiene, isolation precautions, personal protective equipment (PPE), cleaning protocols, and strategies to overcome barriers. Program evaluation included ARS questions, written evaluations, and objective assessments of occupied patient room cleaning. Changes in hospital-onset C. difficile infection (CDI) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) bacteremia were evaluated.Results:On average, 357 environmental service workers participated in each module. Most (93%) rated the presentations as ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ and agreed that they were useful (95%), reported that they were more comfortable donning/doffing PPE (91%) and performing hand hygiene (96%) and better understood the importance of disinfecting HTSs (96%) after the program. The frequency of cleaning individual HTSs in occupied rooms increased from 26% to 62% (P < .001) following the intervention. Improvement was sustained 1-year post intervention (P < .001). A significant decrease in CDI was associated with the program.Conclusion:A novel program that addressed environmental services workers’ knowledge gaps, challenges, and barriers was well received and appeared to result in learning, behavior change, and sustained improvements in cleaning.
Different dietary fibre sources and risks of colorectal cancer and adenoma: a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Oh Hannah , Kim Hanseul , Lee Dong Hoon , Lee Ariel , Giovannucci Edward L. , Kang Seok-Seong , Keum NaNa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDietary fibre is believed to provide important health benefits including protection from colorectal cancer. However, the evidence on the relationships with different dietary fibre sources is mixed and little is known about which fibre source provides the greatest benefits. We conducted a dose–response meta-analysis of prospective cohorts to summarise the relationships of different fibre sources with colorectal cancer and adenoma risks. Analyses were restricted to publications that reported all fibre sources (cereals, vegetables, fruits, legumes) to increase comparability between results. PubMed and Embase were searched through August 2018 to identify relevant studies. The summary relative risks (RR) and 95 % CI were estimated using a random-effects model. This analysis included a total of ten prospective studies. The summary RR of colorectal cancer associated with each 10 g/d increase in fibre intake were 0·91 (95 % CI 0·82, 1·00; I2 = 0 %) for cereal fibre, 0·95 (95 % CI 0·87, 1·03, I2 = 0 %) for vegetable fibre, 0·91 (95 % CI 0·78, 1·06, I2 = 43 %) for fruit fibre and 0·84 (95 % CI 0·63, 1·13, I2 = 45 %) for legume fibre. For cereal fibre, the association with colorectal cancer risk remained statistically significant after adjustment for folate intake (RR 0·89, 95 % CI 0·80, 0·99, I2 = 2 %). For vegetable and fruit fibres, the dose–response curve suggested evidence of non-linearity. All fibre sources were inversely associated with incident adenoma (per 10 g/d increase: RR 0·81 (95 % CI 0·54, 1·21) cereals, 0·84 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·98) for vegetables, 0·78 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·93) for fruits) but not associated with recurrent adenoma. Our data suggest that, although all fibre sources may provide some benefits, the evidence for colorectal cancer prevention is strongest for fibre from cereals/grains.
In the Shadow of Conflict: How Emotions, Threat Perceptions and Victimization Influence Foreign Policy Attitudes
Authors: Kupatadze A. , Zeitzoff T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate how emotions, threat perceptions and past violence influence foreign policy attitudes via a survey experiment in Georgia. Using a stratified sample across areas with differential exposure to the conflict and the presence of internally displaced persons, we randomly assign respondents to receive emotional primes about Russian aggression in the region. We find that exposure to violence, as well as simply being primed about past Russian aggression, both increase the perceived threat from Russia, and to a lesser extent anger towards Russia. Individuals who receive the primes are more supportive of a hardline foreign policy. In contrast, we find that exposure to violence does not have a direct effect on foreign policy attitudes, but increases hardline attitudes indirectly, through increased anger and threat. Taken together our results provide evidence that reminders of past violence have different effects than direct exposure to violence on foreign policy attitudes.
The Metaphysics of Race: Revisiting Nazism and Religion
Authors: Varshizky Amit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article redresses the interpretative lacunae of historians’ conceptions of Nazi racism by overcoming their attempts to comprehend it from either a secular/scientific or a religious/theological perspective. Drawing on a variety of anthropological, philosophical, and political-theoretical works, the article illustrates how Nazi racial ideas were formulated not only in accordance with the latest discoveries in the field of human heredity, but also in correspondence to contemporary debates over secularization, value-free science, and biological determinism. It argues that the Nazi conception of race constituted a new form of religiosity, which did not draw on supernatural beliefs or theological narratives, but rather on vitalist-oriented metaphysics, shifting the object of faith from the transcendent realm of God to the immanent sphere of racial inwardness. Redefining faith in vitalist-existentialist terms corresponded with the Nazi aspiration to overcome the fragmentation of modernity, overturn the nihilistic threat posed by materialist society, and carry out a spiritual renaissance built upon immanent-biological foundations.
Maize–lablab intercropping is promising in supporting the sustainable intensification of smallholder cropping systems under high climate risk in southern Africa
Authors: Rapholo Edith , Odhiambo Jude J. O. , Nelson William C. D. , Rötter Reimund P. , Ayisi Kingsley , Koch Marian , Hoffmann Munir P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIdentifying options for the sustainable intensification of cropping systems in southern Africa under prevailing high climate risk is needed. With this in mind, we tested an intercropping system that combined the staple crop maize with lablab, a local but underutilised legume. Grain and biomass productivity was determined for four variants (i) sole maize (sole-maize), (ii) sole lablab (sole-lablab), (iii) maize/lablab with both crops sown simultaneously (intercropped-SP) and (iv) maize/lablab with lablab sown 28 days after the maize crop (intercropped-DP). Soil water and weather data were monitored and evaluated. The trial was conducted for two seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) at two sites in the Limpopo Province, South Africa: Univen (847 mm rainfall, 29.2 °C maximum and 18.9 °C minimum temperature average for the cropping season over the years 2008–2017) and Syferkuil (491 mm rainfall, with 27.0 °C maximum and 14.8 °C minimum temperature). Analysis revealed three key results: The treatment with intercropped-SP had significantly lower maize yields (2320 kg ha−1) compared with maize in intercropped-DP (2865 kg ha−1) or sole-maize (2623 kg ha−1). As expected, maize yields in the El Niño affected in season 2015/2016 were on average 1688 kg ha−1 lower than in 2016/2017. Maize yields were significantly lower (957 kg ha−1) at Univen, the warmer site with higher rainfall, than at Syferkuil. In 2015/2016, maximum temperature at Univen exceeded 40 °C around anthesis. Furthermore, soil water was close to the estimated permanent wilting point (PWP) for most of the cropping season, which indicates possible water limitations. In Syferkuil, the soil water was maintained well above PWP. Lablab yields were low, around 500 ha−1, but stable as they were not affected by treatment across season and site. Overall, the study demonstrated that intercropped-DP appears to use available soil water more efficiently than sole maize. Intercropped-DP could therefore be considered as an option for sustainable intensification under high climate risk and resource-limited conditions for smallholders in southern Africa.