bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lichens facilitate seedling recruitment in alpine heath
Authors: Nystuen Kristin O. , Sundsdal Kristine , Opedal Øystein H. , Holien Håkon , Strimbeck George Richard , Graae Bente J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractQuestionsHow do mat thickness, physical structure and allelopathic properties of terricolous mat‐forming lichens affect recruitment of vascular plants in dwarf‐shrub and lichen heath vegetation?LocationThe mountains of Dovrefjell, central Norway.MethodsIn autumn, seeds of ten vascular plant species were collected and sown in a common garden experiment with mats of six lichen species and bare soil controls as experimental treatments. We recorded growing season soil temperature and moisture, and seedling recruitment and growth after one year. The effect of lichen secondary compounds on germination was tested in a growth chamber experiment and compared to the lichen–plant interactions detected under field conditions.ResultsThe lichen mats buffered extreme soil temperatures and soil drying in dry weather, with soils below the thickest mats (Cladonia stellaris and C. rangiferina) experiencing the lowest temperature fluctuations. Seedling recruitment and seedling growth in the field and seed germination in the lab were species‐specific. Seedling recruitment rates were overall higher within lichen mats than on bare soil, but the c. 6.5‐cm‐thick mats of C. stellaris reduced recruitment of many species. The lab experiment suggested no overall strong effect of lichen allelopathy on seed germination, and effects on seed germination were only moderately correlated with the lichen–plant interactions observed for seedling recruitment in the field.ConclusionsIn harsh environments like alpine dwarf‐shrub and lichen heaths, the presence of lichens and the resulting amelioration of the microclimate seem more important for vascular plant recruitment than are allelopathic effects often reported in lab experiments. We might therefore expect most terricolous lichens, depending on the plant species in focus, to facilitate rather than hamper the early stages of plant recruitment into lichen‐dominated arctic‐alpine heath vegetation.
Dynamics in plant roots and shoots minimize stress, save energy and maintain water and nutrient uptake
Authors: Arsova Borjana , Foster Kylie J. , Shelden Megan C. , Bramley Helen , Watt Michelle 
Published: May 2019

SummaryPlants are inherently dynamic. Dynamics minimize stress while enabling plants to flexibly acquire resources. Three examples are presented for plants tolerating saline soil: transport of sodium chloride (NaCl), water and macronutrients is nonuniform along a branched root; water and NaCl redistribute between shoot and soil at night‐time; and ATP for salt exclusion is much lower in thinner branch roots than main roots, quantified using a biophysical model and geometry from anatomy. Noninvasive phenotyping and precision agriculture technologies can be used together to harness plant dynamics, but analytical methods are needed. A plant advancing in time through a soil and atmosphere space is proposed as a framework for dynamic data and their relationship to crop improvement.
Changes in atrial electrophysiological and structural substrate and their relationship to histology in a long‐term chronic canine atrial fibrillation model
Authors: Yamashita Kennosuke , Silvernagel Josh , Kwan Eugene , Kamali Roya , Ghafoori Elyar , MacLeod Robert , Dosdall Derek J. , Ranjan Ravi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is related to numerous electrophysiological changes; however, the extent of structural and electrophysiological remodeling with long‐term AF is not well characterized.MethodsDogs (n = 6) were implanted with a neurostimulator in the right atrium (AF group). No implantation was done in the Control group (n = 3). Electroanatomical mapping was done prior to and following more than 6 months of AF. Magnetic resonance imaging was also done to assess structural remodeling. Animals were euthanized and tissue samples were acquired for histological analysis.ResultsA significant increase was seen in the left atrial (LA) volume among all AF animals (22.25 ± 12.60 cm3 vs 34.00 ± 12.23 cm3, P = .01). Also, mean bipolar amplitude in the LA significantly decreased from 5.96 ± 2.17 mV at baseline to 3.23 ± 1.51 mV (P < .01) after chronic AF. Those significant changes occurred in each anterior, lateral, posterior, septal, and roof regions as well. Additionally, the dominant frequency (DF) in the LA increased from 7.02 ± 0.37 Hz to 10.12 ± 0.28 Hz at chronic AF (P < .01). Moreover, the percentage of fibrosis in chronic AF animals was significantly larger than that of control animals in each location (P < .01).ConclusionsCanine chronic AF is accompanied by a significant decrease in intracardiac bipolar amplitudes. These decreased electrogram amplitude values are still higher than traditional cut‐off values used for diseased myocardial tissue. Despite these “normal” bipolar amplitudes, there is a significant increase in DF and tissue fibrosis.
Spatiotemporal changes in fungal growth and host responses of six yellow rust resistant near‐isogenic lines of wheat
Authors: Saleem K. , Sørensen C. K. , Labouriau R. , Hovmøller M. S. 
Published: May 2019

The objective of the present study was to investigate to what extent the macroscopic phenotype of incompatible host–pathogen interactions reflects differences in fungal development and host responses at the histological level. This was done by conventional and advanced microscopic analysis of six wheat near‐isogenic lines differing by individual R genes and inoculated with an avirulent isolate of Puccinia striiformis. Wheat line AvocetYr15 had the lowest macroscopic infection type (IT) 0–1, in which fungal growth was stopped at early stages due to extensive expression of a hypersensitive response (HR) at all time points (4, 8 and 16 days post‐inoculation, dpi) without any sign of haustorial bodies. AvocetYr5 and AvocetYr1 had IT 1, in which most fungal colonies developed secondary hyphae. Many colonies were encased by HR at 16 dpi, more extensively in AvocetYr1 than AvocetYr5. In AvocetYr6 (IT 2), HR was expressed after the formation of secondary hyphae at 4 dpi, after which fungal growth and HR increased simultaneously until most colonies became encased by HR. AvocetYr27 (IT 2–3) and AvocetYr17 (IT 4–5) showed similar fungal growth and HR at 4 dpi, where HR was only weakly expressed in a few host cells. Encasement of secondary and runner hyphae increased significantly in AvocetYr27, but at 16 dpi, HR was often circumvented by large, intermingled fungal colonies in both lines. No resistance responses were observed in Avocet S (susceptible control). The very different histological patterns conferred by the six R genes suggests differences in the timing of the host–pathogen recognition and onset of host defence pathways.
Long‐lasting systematic roguing for effective management of CABMV in passion flower orchards through maintenance of separated plants
Authors: Spadotti D. M. A. , Favara G. M. , Novaes Q. S. , Mello A. P. O. A. , Freitas D. M. S. , Edwards Molina J. P. , Rezende J. A. M. 
Published: May 2019

In Brazil, passion flower is grown across almost the entire country. The predominant disease of the passion flower crop is passion fruit woodiness, caused by the potyvirus cowpea aphid‐borne mosaic virus (CABMV), and transmitted by aphids in a nonpersistent manner. The disease reduces the useful life of the orchard from 36 months to approximately 18 months. Up to now, there has not been an efficient method for disease management. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of systematic roguing of diseased plants through weekly inspections, for disease management in the field. The latent and incubation periods of CABMV in passion flower vines were determined in order to optimize roguing efficiency. Passion fruit plants inoculated with CABMV started to act as sources of inoculum from 3 days after inoculation (DAI), and the symptoms were expressed, on average, at 8 DAI. Five field experiments, conducted in the states of São Paulo and Bahia, Brazil, demonstrated that systematic roguing of diseased plants was significantly efficient for managing passion fruit woodiness disease. In order to facilitate identification and subsequent removal of the infected plants, they need to be grown separately. This cultural practice can be recommended for managing passion fruit woodiness disease, provided it is applied on a regional scale by all passion fruit growers. The development of some pilot plantings for the application of roguing in a passion flower‐producing region is recommended to validate the use of this technique for managing passion fruit woodiness disease.
Late‐onset visceral varicella‐zoster virus infection presented as acute liver failure after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Kikuchi Taku , Arai Mari , Koda Yuya , Kato Jun , Shimizu Takayuki , Katano Harutaka , Fujii‐Nishimura Yoko , Sakamoto Michiie , Ebinuma Hirotoshi , Nakamoto Nobuhiro , Kanai Takanori , Okamoto Shinichiro , Mori Takehiko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough much less common than localized zoster, initial presentation of varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) as visceral infection can occur especially after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). We herein report a case of post‐transplant visceral VZV infection presenting as fatal acute liver failure. It developed 4 years after allogeneic HSCT when a long‐term prophylactic anti‐VZV agent administration was discontinued. VZV should be listed as a causative pathogen of acute liver failure even years after allogeneic HSCT. Indication for, and duration of anti‐VZV prophylaxis should be further investigated.
Community‐based strategies to identify the unmet need for care of individuals with sexually transmitted infection‐associated symptoms in rural South Africa
Authors: Hoffman Charlotte M. , Fritz Lise , Matlakala Nthabiseng , Mbambazela Nontembeko , Railton Jean P. , McIntyre James A. , Dubbink Jan Henk , Peters Remco P. H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the unmet need for care and barriers for consulting sexually transmitted infection (STI) services at six primary healthcare (PHC) facilities in rural South Africa.MethodsCross‐sectional study using three community‐based strategies to mobilise adult individuals with STI‐associated symptoms to access care. Participants were mobilised through clinic posters and referral by community healthcare workers (CHWs) and traditional leaders after training. Men with male urethritis syndrome and women with vaginal discharge syndrome were mobilised to visit participating PHC facilities on two designated days when an expert team visited the facility. Questionnaires were completed and HIV rapid tests offered. The minimal unmet need for care of individuals with STI‐associated symptoms was calculated by dividing the number of cases over the adult catchment population of each PHC facility.ResultsWe successfully mobilised 177 symptomatic individuals: 134 (76%) women and 43 (24%) men. The estimated minimal unmet need for STI care was 1:364 (95% CI 1:350–1:380) individuals in this region; the rate was higher in village than township facilities, and among women. Mobilisation through clinic posters (57%) and by CHWs (23%) was most successful. Three‐quarters of individuals (132/177) reported symptoms that had been present for >30 days; 49% (87/177) had symptoms >6 months. In addition, we identified 14 individuals with untreated HIV infection amounting to a 7% HIV testing yield. Lack of awareness of symptoms (34%), and disappointment in care due to persistent (23%) or recurrent (15%) symptoms after previous treatment, or disappointment with health services in general during previous visit(s) for any reason (10%) was the most common reasons for not consulting health care.ConclusionsWe demonstrate a high unmet need for care of individuals with STI‐associated symptoms in rural South Africa that requires urgent attention. A multidisciplinary approach that creates service demand through community awareness and information provision by healthcare workers combined with strengthening the quality of STI services is required to improve reproductive health and prevent complications of untreated STIs in this population.
Morphology, phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Sectonema (Nematoda, Aporcelaimidae)
Authors: Álvarez‐Ortega Sergio , Peña‐Santiago Reyes 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis contribution provides new insights in the phylogeny and taxonomy of the nematode genus Sectonema with an integrative approach. A brief historical outline of the matter is presented. Then, the morphological pattern of the genus is revised and illustrated, the nature of its stomatal protruding structure, either a reduced odontostyle or a mural tooth, being its most relevant diagnostic feature. The existence of cilia‐ or seta‐like structures in the perioral area and/or at the anterior part of cheilostom of some species is evidenced by SEM observations for the first time. Available molecular data (D2–D3 LSU‐rRNA gene) are analysed, including two new sequences of S. septentrionale from Spain. The monophyly of the genus is confirmed, and two species groups with geographical projection are tentatively identified. A close relationship with Metaporcelaimus is also demonstrated as both taxa constitute a highly supported clade. A likely polyphyly of the family Aporcelaimidae is once more demonstrated. Finally, an updated taxonomy of the genus is proposed, including revised diagnosis, list of species, identification key and a compendium of their main morphometrics.
Meaningful and culturally appropriate palliative care for Chinese immigrants with a terminal condition: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Wei Li , Walters Jennifer , Guo Qiaohong , Fetherston Catherine , O’Connor Moira 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to identify and synthesize the best qualitative evidence on the experiences of Chinese immigrants receiving palliative care in their country of residence where the culture is predominantly Western, and the experiences of their family carers.

Introduction:
The recent increase in international immigration has led to challenges in providing culturally appropriate palliative care. Chinese populations have particular beliefs, values and practices surrounding death and filial piety. These differ considerably from those in Western cultures and have significant implications for palliative care service provision. This review will explore the experiences and perceptions of Chinese immigrants and how their cultural beliefs shape their acceptance and decision making related to palliative care.

Inclusion criteria:
The review will include studies on the experiences of Chinese immigrants over 18 years of age with a terminal medical condition receiving palliative care in outpatient units, hospitals, hospices, specialist palliative care units, homes and community settings in their country of residence where the culture is predominantly Western.

Methods:
Eligible studies will be studies with qualitative data including designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, narrative research, qualitative description, action research and feminist research published in English and Chinese. CINAHL, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection will be used and grey literature will be searched using ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, OpenGrey and Caresearch. Appraisal of selected studies will be done with the Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review tool. Findings will be synthesized through a meta-aggregative approach to produce a comprehensive set of synthesized findings that can be used as a basis for evidence-based practice.
Predicting Happiness in Paralympic Swimming Medalists
Authors: Martin Jeffrey , Vassallo Mario , Carrico Jacklyn , Armstrong Ellen 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to predict Paralympian swimmers’ happiness as a result of winning 2016 Paralympic medals. Understanding potential antecedents of athletes’ happiness has theoretical and practical value. Medal winners (N = 138) had their facial expressions rated for happiness at the race finish. Three predictors were examined: finish place (i.e., first, second, or third), swimmers’ expectations for race place, and race time. A multiple-regression analysis predicting happiness was significant,F(3, 98) = 3.66,p < .015, accounting for 10% of the variance. Significant beta weights for race place (β = −0.551) and finishing higher than their 2015 world ranking (β = 0.551) indicated that higher-finishing swimmers were happier than lower-finishing swimmers, and swimmers who finished better than their 2015 ranking were happier than swimmers who finished lower than their ranking. The authors also found partial support for the counterfactual-thinking hypothesis for male swimmers and evidence of gender and country differences in happiness.
Validation of the Athlete’s Plate Nutrition Educational Tool: Phase I
Authors: Reguant-Closa Alba , Harris Margaret M. , Lohman Tim G. , Meyer Nanna L. 
Published: May 2019

Nutrition education visual tools are designed to help the general population translate science into practice. The purpose of this study was to validate the Athlete’s Plate (AP) to ensure that it meets the current sport nutrition recommendations for athletes. Twelve registered dietitians (RDs; 10 female and 2 male) volunteered for the study. Each registered dietitian was asked to create three real and virtual plates at three different times corresponding to breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and the three different AP training loads, easy (E), moderate (M), and hard (H), divided into two weight categories (male 75 kg and female 60 kg). Data of the real and virtual plates were evaluated using Computrition software (v. 18.1; Computrition, Chatsworth, CA). Statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS (version 23.0; IBM, Armonk, NY) to compare the difference between each training load category (E, M, and H) and the recommendations. No statistically significant differences were found among the created plates and the recommendations for energy, carbohydrates, fat, and fiber for E, M, and H. Protein relative to body mass (BM) was higher than recommended for E (1.9 ± 0.3 g·kg−1 BM·day−1, p = .003), M (2.3 ± 0.3 g·kg−1 BM·day−1, p < .001), and H (2.9+0.5 g·kg−1 BM·day−1, p < .001). No differences were found for the macronutrient distribution by gender when correcting for kilograms of body mass. The authors conclude that the AP meets the nutrition recommendations for athletes at different training intensities for energy, carbohydrates, fat, and fiber, but exceeds the recommendations for protein. Further research should consider this protein discrepancy and develop an AP model that meets, besides health and performance goals, contemporary guidelines for sustainability.
Replacing Sedentary Time With Light or Moderate–Vigorous Physical Activity Across Levels of Frailty
Authors: Godin Judith , Blodgett Joanna M. , Rockwood Kenneth , Theou Olga 
Published: May 2019

The authors sought to examine how much sedentary time needs to be replaced by light or moderate–vigorous physical activity in order to reduce frailty and protect against mortality. The authors built isotemporal substitution models to assess the theoretical effect of replacing sedentary behavior with an equal amount of light or moderate–vigorous activity on frailty and mortality in community-based adults aged 50 years and older. Controlling for age, sex, body mass index, marital status, race, education, employment status, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Study cycle, replacing 1 hr of sedentary time with moderate–vigorous or light physical activity daily was associated with a lower frailty index. For mortality, results varied based on frailty level. Replacing sedentary behavior with moderate–vigorous exercise was associated with lower mortality risk in vulnerable individuals; however, replacing sedentary behavior with light activity was associated with lower mortality risk in frailer individuals.
Association between early life (prenatal and postnatal) antibiotic administration and coeliac disease: a systematic review
Authors: Kołodziej Maciej , Patro-Gołąb Bernadeta , Gieruszczak-Białek Dorota , Skórka Agata , Pieścik-Lech Małgorzata , Baron Ruth , Szajewska Hania 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveWhether prenatal or postnatal exposure to antibiotics is associated with an increased risk of coeliac disease (CD) is unclear. We systematically reviewed studies on the association between early life antibiotic exposure and the risk of CD or CD autoimmunity.DesignSystematic review of observational studies.Data sourcesThe PubMed and Embase databases were searched up to December 2018, with no language restrictions. Additional references were obtained from reviewed articles.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesCohort, cross-sectional and case–control studies that assessed the association between prenatal and/or postnatal antibiotic exposure and the odds of developing CD (as defined by authors of the original studies) or CD autoimmunity were eligible for inclusion.ResultsSix studies were included. In two large cohort studies that focused on prenatal antibiotic exposure, no association with the risk of CD was found (adjusted OR=1.16; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.43 and adjusted HR=1.33; 95% CI 0.69 to 2.56) in the Norwegian and Swedish cohorts, respectively. In three studies that evaluated the association of postnatal antibiotic exposure with the risk of CD, the results were contradictory, with only the Italian cohort study reporting a significant positive association (adjusted incidence rate ratio=1.24; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.43). A large, multicentre cohort study that evaluated the association between postnatal antibiotic exposure and CD autoimmunity in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-positive subjects found no association.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of an association between prenatal or postnatal antibiotic exposure and CD.