bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐Term Dynamics of Soil Physical Properties as Affected by Compaction and Tillage in a Silt Loam Soil
Authors: Hu Wei , Tabley Frank , Beare Mike , Tregurtha Craig , Gillespie Richard , Qiu Weiwen , Gosden Peg 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Compaction deteriorated soil physical quality especially for the top 0.1‐m layer and tilled soils.
Tillage temporarily improved soil physical quality in compacted soils.
No‐till for establishing autumn forage crops can be used to mitigate the compaction effect.
Short‐term variation in hydraulic properties may be significant for soil and crop modeling.
This study investigated short‐term dynamics of soil physical properties as affected by tillage and compaction in a silt loam soil. After establishment of an autumn‐sown forage oat (Avena sativa L.) crop with either NT or intensive tillage (IT), five degrees of livestock compaction (0–261 kPa) were applied in winter using a “cow treading implement.” A barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop was then sown following shallow cultivation of the soil in spring. After 2 yr of sheep‐grazed pasture, tillage significantly improved the soil physical quality in the 0‐ to 0.2‐m layer. Compaction significantly deteriorated soil physical quality, by, for example, decreasing macroporosity, available water content, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Compared with IT and the top 0.1‐m soil layer, soil physical properties in NT and the subsurface 0.1‐ to 0.2‐m layer were more resistant to compaction. Irrespective of tillage, the topsoil (0–0.1 m) was more susceptible to physical degradation than the subsurface soil (0.1–0.2 m). Compaction and tillage effects on soil physical quality declined with time because of natural recovery and the shallow tillage used to establish the subsequent barley crop. This study demonstrated that using NT to establish an autumn‐sown forage crop can mitigate the adverse impacts of livestock treading on soil physical quality during subsequent grazing. Although tillage and compaction effects were short lived, soil physical properties were significantly different between every two adjacent measurement times. This highlights the need to consider the short‐term changes in soil hydraulic properties when modeling soil–crop systems.
Gestão Municipal e Desenvolvimento Sustentável: panorama dos indicadores de sustentabilidade nos municípios catarinenses
Authors: Réus Iuana , Andion Carolina 
Published: October 2018

Atualmente, a conexão entre os dilemas globais de sustentabilidade e as ações locais se coloca como um desafio central. Este estudo explora essa problemática, analisando uma experiência recente de avaliação do grau de sustentabilidade municipal: o Sistema de Indicadores para o Desenvolvimento Municipal Sustentável de Santa Catarina (SIDMS). O artigo examina as estratégias adotadas, destacando os avanços e as dificuldades na criação e implantação do sistema e apresenta uma síntese dos principais resultados, com uma análise panorâmica do grau de sustentabilidade dos municípios catarinenses. Como principal conclusão, o estudo mostra a fotografia de um estado composto por ilhas de dinamismo e diversas áreas com desenvolvimento precário, nas quais há o risco de consolidação do modelo excludente e concentrador observado em determinadas regiões do Brasil.
Sam Domains in Multiple Diseases
Authors: Vincenzi Marian , Mercurio Flavia Anna , Leone Marilisa 
Published: October 2018

Background:The sterile alpha motif (Sam) domain is a small helical protein module, able to undergo homo- and hetero-oligomerization, as well as polymerization, thus forming different types of protein architectures. A few Sam domains are involved in pathological processes and consequently, they represent valuable targets for the development of new potential therapeutic routes. This study intends to collect state-of-the-art knowledge on the different modes by which Sam domains can favor disease onset and progression.Methods:This review was build up by searching throughout the literature, for: a) the structural properties of Sam domains, b) interactions mediated by a Sam module, c) presence of a Sam domain in proteins relevant for a specific disease.Results:Sam domains appear crucial in many diseases including cancer, renal disorders, cataracts. Often pathologies are linked to mutations directly positioned in the Sam domains that alter their stability and/or affect interactions that are crucial for proper protein functions. In only a few diseases, the Sam motif plays a kind of "side role" and cooperates to the pathological event by enhancing the action of a different protein domain.Conclusion:Considering the many roles of the Sam domain into a significant variety of diseases, more efforts and novel drug discovery campaigns need to be engaged to find out small molecules and/or peptides targeting Sam domains. Such compounds may represent the pillars on which to build novel therapeutic strategies to cure different pathologies.
Goniothalamin-Related Styryl Lactones: Isolation, Synthesis, Biological Activity and Mode of Action
Authors: Pilli Ronaldo Aloise , de Toledo Ian , Meirelles Matheus Andrade , Grigolo Thiago Augusto 
Published: October 2018

:
This review covers the chemistry and biological aspects of goniothalamin-related styryl
lactones isolated from natural sources. This family of secondary metabolites has been reported to display
diverse uses in folk medicine, but only a limited number of these compounds have been throughly
investigated regarding their biological profile. Herein, we cover the goniothalamin-related styryl
lactones having a C6-C3-C4 framework which appeared in the literature for the first time in the period
2000-2017, and the reports on the synthesis, biological activity and mechanism of action which
were published from 2007-2017.
Prevalence, Identification, and Scouting for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Including Registries
Authors: Florentin Matilda , Kostapanos Michael S. , Elisaf Moses S. , Liberopoulos Evangelos N. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is the most common metabolic genetic disorder,
with around 13 million people worldwide having the disease. However, FH is globally underdiagnosed and undertreated,
while the vast majority of those treated do not achieve treatment goals.

Objective:
This review aims to clarify how to identify patients with FH.

Methods:
We performed a comprehensive search of the literature to identify available data.

Results:
Patients with FH are at high risk for cardiovascular events and death at an early age. Therefore, prompt
detection of individuals with FH is of pivotal importance in order to implement appropriate preventive measures
at a young age. Patient registries are a powerful tool for recording and monitoring a disease and encouraging
clinical practices, subsequently improving outcomes and reducing healthcare costs. National FH registries are
successfully applied in several countries (e.g. Spain, Denmark, UK, USA and the Netherlands). Importantly, in
the last few years, the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) launched a global FH network aiming to collect
data from specialized FH centres from different countries and establish a worldwide, standardised registry of
patients with FH.

Conclusion:
It appears that the establishment and proper function of such registries will improve FH diagnosis,
as well as preventive measures and management of FH patients.
Combiphore (Structure and Ligand Based Pharmacophore) - Approach for the Design of GPR40 Modulators in the Management of Diabetes
Authors: Gajjar Krishna A. , Gajjar Anuradha K. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Pharmacophore mapping and molecular docking can be synergistically
integrated to improve the drug design and discovery process. A rational strategy, combiphore
approach, derived from the combined study of Structure and Ligand based pharmacophore has
been described to identify novel GPR40 modulators.

Methods:
DISCOtech module from Discovery studio was used for the generation of the Structure
and Ligand based pharmacophore models which gave hydrophobic aromatic, ring aromatic and
negative ionizable as essential pharmacophoric features. The generated models were validated by
screening active and inactive datasets, GH scoring and ROC curve analysis. The best model was
exposed as a 3D query to screen the hits from databases like GLASS (GPCR-Ligand Association),
GPCR SARfari and Mini-Maybridge. Various filters were applied to retrieve the hit molecules
having good drug-like properties. A known protein structure of hGPR40 (pdb: 4PHU) having
TAK-875 as ligand complex was used to perform the molecular docking studies; using SYBYL-X
1.2 software.

Results and Conclusion:
Clustering both the models gave RMSD of 0.89. Therefore, the present
approach explored the maximum features by combining both ligand and structure based pharmacophore
models. A common structural motif as identified in combiphore for GPR40 modulation
consists of the para-substituted phenyl propionic acid scaffold. Therefore, the combiphore approach,
whereby maximum structural information (from both ligand and biological protein) is explored,
gives maximum insights into the plausible protein-ligand interactions and provides potential
lead candidates as exemplified in this study.
The Cancer Hygiene Hypothesis: From Theory to Therapeutic Helminths
Authors: Fernandes Ruben , Alves Helena , Botelho Monica C. 
Published: October 2018

Background::
The “Hygiene Hypothesis” was postulated by David Strachan in 1989 to
explain for the rapid 20th century increase in allergic diseases such as asthma. In this hypothesis,
children from developed countries living in ultra-hygienic environments and avoiding exposure to
viruses, bacteria, and parasites, especially helminthes, have an increased risk of atopic disorders.

Materials & Methods::
Research and online content related to cancer hygiene hypothesis is highlighted
and to illustrate key themes. Guidelines for meaningful participation in DOC activities for
people with diabetes, families, health care providers, and industry are provided.

Results::
The lack of worms leads to failure of stimulation of mucosal Th2 responses. These infections
exert their effect through critically altering T-helper (Th)1/Th2 regulation, and it is postulated
that, thus, they protect against atopy and asthma, through the induction of Th1 regulatory response.
It is now also recognized that this “hygiene hypothesis” concept applies to a wider range
of chronic inflammatory diseases than atopy and asthma, such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis and
cancer.

Conclusion::
Here we discuss the major implications of these findings for the association between
microorganisms and cancer, and also between some immune pathologies, like autoimmune diseases,
and cancer.
In vitro Identification of Spinosin Metabolites in Human Liver Microsomes Using a Simple and Sensitive UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Method
Authors: Zhang Qiaoyue , Zhang Xia , Liu Yanyan , Wan Changchen , Sun Yupeng , Zhang Lantong 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Spinosin is one of the major bioactive constituents among the total flavonoids
in semen ziziphi spinosae, which has sedation and hypnosis actions.

Methods:
A simple and rapid high-resolution ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled
with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) method was developed and
validated for predicting the structures of its spinosin metabolic products. This paper presents the first
research focused on the metabolites of spinosin in human liver microsomes.

Results:
Based on the analytical strategy, 8 spinosin metabolites were detected in human liver microsome
incubation samples, and the metabolic pathways required to generate these metabolites were proposed.
However, no phase II metabolites were found. The cytochrome P450 enzyme is the main metabolic
enzyme involved in drug metabolism, accounting for approximately 75% of the total number of
different metabolic reactions.

Conclusion:
The in vitro metabolism of spinosin was proposed. These results allow us to learn about
spinosin metabolism, leading to a better understanding of drug biotransformation and providing a basis
for clinical applications. Moreover, this study laid the foundation for developing new pharmaceutical
drugs.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Prevention, Awareness and Policy Recommendations - A Scoping Study
Authors: Midgley Georgia , Smithers-Sheedy Hayley , McIntyre Sarah , Badawi Nadia , Keogh John , Jones Cheryl A. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is known to cause childhood deafness,
neurodevelopmental disability and death. Simple hygiene precautions are effective in reducing
maternal risk of CMV infection.

Objective:
To review i) awareness of CMV infection and available primary prevention strategies
both in the community and amongst health professionals ii) available cCMV information sources
in the literature, grey literature and published professional guidelines.

Methods:
Scoping study to i) identify literature pertaining to cCMV awareness amongst parents
and health professionals using MedLine and CINAHL databases via EBSCO ii) review one high
income country’s guidelines and recommendations regarding cCMV infection and pregnancy (example
country Australia) iii) grey literature for parental information.

Results:
Worldwide awareness of cCMV and of available prevention strategies amongst women
and health professionals are poor. Findings internationally suggest at least half of maternity care
health professionals do not routinely provide advice to women regarding simple hygiene precautions
that can reduce their risk of infection during pregnancy. Though information resources regarding
cCMV are available, they are frequently not included within general healthy pregnancy
advice and require individuals to search for ‘congenital cytomegalovirus’.

Conclusion:
cCMV is a preventable cause of serious congenital disability and death. Prevention
opportunities are being missed because most women are not aware of cCMV or how to reduce
their risk of infection in pregnancy, in part due to poor health professional awareness. New strategies
to disseminate cCMV information to the community and to support health professionals to
embed cCMV advice within routine pregnancy counselling is required.
Dual Component Tablets for the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Jain Shalinee , Namdev Ankit , Jain Dharmendra 
Published: October 2018

Background and Objective: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most
common GIT disorders in which reflux of the GIT contents occurs into the esophagus. The present
study is focused on developing a dual component tablet containing a sustained release floating layer of
Baclofen and delayed release microspheres of Rabeprazole sodium for the effective treatment of Gastroesophageal
Reflux Disease (GERD).
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Methods:Dual component tablets have been developed to achieve a controlled delivery of two different
drugs. Microspheres were prepared by the emulsion solvent evaporation method using different ratios
of Eudragit S100 and Rabeprazole sodium (3:1, 6:1, 9:1 and 12:1) and optimized using various parameters.
Baclofen floating tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method by using different polymers
like sodium alginate (S1), pectin (S2) and guar gum (S3) and characterized for their floating properties
and in-vitro drug release study.
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Results: The cumulative percentage drug release after 9 hrs was found to be in the range of 46.18 to
65.78% for different microsphere formulations. The result showed that, as the amount of polymer increased,
the particle size and % yield were also increased, and drug release and entrapment efficiency
were decreased. Among all the formulations, M2 was considered as the best because it showed highest
entrapment efficiency. Among baclofen floating tablet formulations, S1 was resulted as optimized formulation
because it sustained the drug release up to 8 hrs and showed 64.82±0.82% drug release.

Conclusion:
From the above optimized formulations bilayer tablets containing floating layer of Baclofen
and Rabeprazole sodium loaded microspheres layer were prepared by single-punch tablet machine
and evaluated for the weight variation, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, floating time etc.
The results of the study showed that all parameters were within pharmacopoeial limits.
Prescriber Attitudes Toward Implementation of Pharmacogenomic Testing in a Family Medicine Residency Program
Authors: Gallipani Alyssa , Cope Rebecca , Fischetti Briann , Abraham Sherly , Ankireddypalli Arvind 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Few qualitative studies have explored the attitude of prescribers towards the implementation of pharmacogenomic testing in the family medicine (FM) setting, and none among FM residents. The purpose of this study was to describe the level of engagement and interest in the implementation of pharmacogenomic education and testing in an FM clinic within a residency program.
Methods: A qualitative study utilizing semistructured interviews was conducted among prescribers within the FM clinic at The Brooklyn Hospital Center (TBHC). Voluntary prescribers included FM residents and attendings. No prescribers were excluded. Prior to the interview, informational sheets about pharmacogenomics were provided to standardize participant knowledge base. The research team created an interview guide of specific open-ended questions. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed until a point of saturation was achieved. Transcripts of interviews served as data for analysis. Coding and analysis were performed to develop a hypothesis. No formal statistical analysis was required.
Results: Of the total 28 providers eligible for participation, 15 were recruited and interviewed (53% response rate). Based on analysis of interview data, four key conceptual concerns emerged regarding benefits and risks of testing, feasibility, accessibility, and modification of FM residency training curricula.
Conclusion: Positive attitudes and perceptions provide support for pharmacogenomic education and testing to be incorporated into FM residency curricula. Addressing practical barriers, such as curricular education and training, will allow for expansion of such initiatives in the future.
An Analysis of Auditors' Going-Concern Reporting Accuracy in Private Firms
Authors: Hardies Kris , Vandenhaute Marie-Laure , Breesch Diane 
Published: October 2018

SYNOPSIS
The accuracy of audit reports is often viewed as a signal for audit quality. Prior research shows that in the context of going-concern reporting in audit markets dominated by public firms, some auditors are more accurate than others (e.g., Big N firms). This study is the first large-scale study that investigates going-concern reporting accuracy in an audit market dominated by private firms. The threat of reputation and litigation costs incentivizes auditors to report accurately in markets dominated by public firms, but such incentives are largely absent in markets dominated by private firms. Hence, reporting accuracy in such markets might not vary across auditors. Our main analysis is based on a sample of 1,375 Belgian firms that ceased to exist within one year from the financial statement date. Our results show that the frequency of Type II misclassification does not vary across auditor types (Big 4 versus non-Big 4, audit firm and partner industry specialists versus non-specialists, more experienced versus less experienced, and female versus male auditors). Overall, these results cast doubt on the existence of quality differences among auditors in audit markets dominated by private firms.
Performance Feedback Type and Employees' Subsequent Willingness to Help Other Employees
Authors: Black Paul W. , Newman Andrew H. , Stikeleather Bryan R. , Waddoups Nathan J. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether the type of performance feedback (individual versus relative) firms provide employees on one task alters employees' willingness to help other employees on a subsequent, unrelated task. Consistent with prior research, results from our experiment show that employees perform better on a production task when they receive relative performance feedback as opposed to individual performance feedback about the task. However, we document that the valence of RPI feedback appears to moderate the effect of RPI on subsequent helping behavior. Specifically, those who receive RPI feedback indicating that they performed (better) worse than another participant exhibit (lower) higher levels of helping behavior relative to those who receive only individual feedback. Our results highlight the complex tradeoffs confronting managers and management accountants when designing performance feedback systems and the need for them to consider employees' tasks holistically rather than in isolation when deciding what type of performance feedback to provide.
JEL Classifications: C71; M41; J31.
Data Availability: Available upon request.
Difficult Cost Goals and Conflicting Honesty Incentives: The Influence of Decision Responsibility
Authors: Libby Theresa , Proell Chad A. , Smith Steven D. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
We experimentally examine the effects of difficult goals and controllability on managerial honesty in a cost reporting setting. In our experiment, participants in the role of production managers make cost reporting decisions with economic incentives to over-report. We manipulate the presence of a difficult cost goal and whether managers perceive product costs as somewhat under their control. Our setting captures conflicting incentives of goal achievement and perquisite consumption, and we find that difficult cost goals do increase reporting honesty conditional on the presence of perceived ability to impact costs. Specifically, managers with decision responsibility report more honestly with a difficult cost goal than without, while managers without decision responsibility report with similar honesty with or without a cost goal. Our study provides evidence that decision right assignment moderates the honesty effects of difficult cost goals, with implications for firms' goal setting and organizational architecture choices.
HUBUNGAN PERHATIAN ORANG TUA TERHADAP KESIAPAN BELAJAR SISWA DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR
Authors: Wulan sari Putri Oktavia 
Published: October 2018

Kesiapan belajar adalah faktor terpenting dalam menentukan siswa sukses dalam belajar dan dan menerima pembelajaran. Belajar akan memungkinkan individu untuk mengadakan perubahan di dalam dirinya. Perubahan ini dapat berupa penguasaan suatu kecakapan tertentu, perubahan sikap, memiliki ilmu pengetahuan yang berbeda dari sebelum seseorang melakukan proses pembelajaran.Kesiapan belajar berkaitan erat dengan motivasi belajar dalam pencapaian prestasi siswa disekolah. Orang tua adalah orang yang bertanggung jawab utama dalam pendidikan anak-anak. Para orang tua yang menentukan masa depan anak. Namun mengakui keterbatasan dan peluang yang mereka miliki, sehingga orang tua meminta pihak luar lain membantu mendidik anak-anak mereka. Pihak lainnya adalah guru, saudara, bahkan nenek di sekolah maupun dirumah. Orang tua berperan penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan pendidikan anak-anak mereka. Mereka memiliki tanggung jawab dan peran penting bagi anak antara lain dapat diwujudkan dengan membimbing kelangsungan anak belajar di rumah sesuai dengan program yang telah dipelajari oleh anak di sekolah. Perhatian orang tua dapat dilakukan dengan mengawasi dan membimbing tugas sekolah anak serta membantu menyelesaikan masalah anak dalam belajar.
Kata kunci: Kesiapan belajar, motivasi belajar, hasil belajar