bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal outcome of vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia initiated at the early or late phase of labor period: A retrospective cohort study in the Japanese population
Authors: Shiro Michihisa , Nakahata Katsutoshi , Minami Sawako , Kawamata Tomoyuki , Ino Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimWe compared the perinatal outcomes of vaginal delivery with epidural analgesia initiated at the early versus late phase in a Japanese population.MethodsWomen enrolled in this retrospective cohort study received intrapartum analgesia via combined spinal epidural analgesia after labor onset between May 2010 and August 2015. We compared the perinatal outcomes between two different timings of epidural analgesia: at the early phase (≤3 cm cervical dilatation) and the late phase (≥4 cm) or at the new definition‐based early phase (≤5 cm) and late phase (≥6 cm).ResultsOne hundred twenty‐eight singleton pregnant women were eligible. In nulliparous women, there was no marked difference in perinatal outcomes between the early and late phase except for in the first‐stage labor period (13.7 h vs 10.1 h, P = 0.016). In multiparous women, there was no marked difference in perinatal outcomes between the early and late phase except for a higher proportion of Apgar score ≤7 at 1 min in the early phase (20.0% vs 0.0%, P = 0.033). In nulliparous women, the first‐stage labor period in the new early phase was significantly longer than in the new late phase (13.3 h vs 6.9 h, P = 0.035). Other variables for nulliparous women and all for multiparous women were not different between the new early and late phases.ConclusionMost perinatal outcomes between the early and late phases of initiated epidural analgesia were not markedly different in our Japanese population, even when using a new definition of labor phase.
The Effect of a Continuous Mechanical Polishing Protocol on Surface Roughness, Biofilm Adhesion, and Color Stability of Acrylic Resin Artificial Teeth
Authors: Barreto Joel de Oliveira , de Alencar‐Silva Flávia Jucá , Oliveira Viviane Cássia , Silva‐Lovato Cláudia Helena , Silva Paulo Goberlânio , Regis Rômulo Rocha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeAcrylic resin properties are susceptible to change over the duration of use, thereby decreasing prosthesis longevity. To make the material less susceptible to the action of external agents such as stain‐causing liquids and cleaning solutions, polishing procedures are recommended. A specific mechanical polishing procedure performed regularly was evaluated regarding the biofilm adhesion, surface roughness (Ra), color stability (ΔE), and mass changes in acrylic resin artificial teeth.Materials and MethodsSixty artificial teeth divided into two groups (n = 30) were immersed in distilled water (WT) and coffee (CF). These groups were then subdivided (n = 10) according to the type of polishing procedure administered: no polishing, biweekly polishing (once every 2 weeks) (pol 1), or monthly polishing (once a month) (pol 2), using aluminum oxide paste and a felt polishing wheel attached to an electric motor at a speed of 3000 rpm. Properties were evaluated at baseline and after 4, 8, 12, and 24 months of simulated immersion. At the end, the adhesion of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans multispecies biofilm in all groups was assessed.ResultsThe CF group showed an increased Ra and weight, and a significantly greater ΔE compared to the WT group. The polishing procedure reduced Ra and minimized the stains caused by coffee, without losing mass, with the biweekly regime more effective than the monthly regime. Also, polishing reduced the adhesion of biofilm in the CF groups, again with the biweekly regime the most effective.ConclusionsWhen performed regularly, the mechanical polishing procedure tested reduces the changes in artificial teeth subjected to immersion in coffee, with the biweekly frequency most effective regarding the properties evaluated.
Infantile‐onset Pompe disease: A case series highlighting early clinical features, spectrum of disease severity and treatment response
Authors: Owens Penny , Wong Melanie , Bhattacharya Kaustuv , Ellaway Carolyn 
Published: June 2018

AimPompe disease is a rare, autosomal, recessive disorder. Alterations in the gene encoding lysosomal acid alpha‐glucosidase cause impaired glycogen degradation and resultant lysosomal glycogen accumulation. Classic infantile‐onset Pompe disease (IPD) manifests soon after birth, severe cases have complete/near complete enzyme deficiency. IPD is associated with a broad spectrum of non‐specific clinical features, and diagnostic delays are common. Without treatment, death typically occurs within the first 2 years of life. We present case experiences to help expand paediatricians’ understanding of factors contributing to diagnostic delay, clinical decline and to highlight the need for timely therapy.MethodsData were extracted from IPD cases managed at our hospital. Key aspects of clinical presentation, diagnosis, genetic variations, management and overall outcomes were collated then compared with what is already known in the literature.ResultsWe report four IPD cases (three female). Two patients were cross‐reactive immunological material negative. Age at symptom onset was 3–9 months, presenting clinical features were varied, and confirmatory diagnosis was significantly delayed in one patient. In concert with the literature, cardiomegaly, ventricular hypertrophy and delayed developmental milestones were seen in all four cases. Our cases demonstrate a range of disease severity, response to enzyme replacement therapy and antibody development. Significant immune responses were seen in two cases (one cross‐reactive immunological material positive); despite immunomodulation therapy, both were associated with fatal outcomes.ConclusionTimely diagnosis and initiation of enzyme replacement therapy is critical to patient outcomes as IPD progresses rapidly and irreversible changes in clinical status may occur during the delay.
Melatonin and its metabolites vs oxidative stress: From individual actions to collective protection
Authors: Galano Annia , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOxidative stress (OS) represents a threat to the chemical integrity of biomolecules including lipids, proteins, and DNA. The associated molecular damage frequently results in serious health issues, which justifies our concern about this phenomenon. In addition to enzymatic defense mechanisms, there are compounds (usually referred to as antioxidants) that offer chemical protection against oxidative events. Among them, melatonin and its metabolites constitute a particularly efficient chemical family. They offer protection against OS as individual chemical entities through a wide variety of mechanisms including electron transfer, hydrogen transfer, radical adduct formation, and metal chelation, and by repairing biological targets. In fact, many of them including melatonin can be classified as multipurpose antioxidants. However, what seems to be unique to the melatonin's family is their collective effects. Because the members of this family are metabolically related, most of them are expected to be present in living organisms wherever melatonin is produced. Therefore, the protection exerted by melatonin against OS may be viewed as a result of the combined antioxidant effects of the parent molecule and its metabolites. Melatonin's family is rather exceptional in this regard, offering versatile and collective antioxidant protection against OS. It certainly seems that melatonin is one of the best nature's defenses against oxidative damage.
Different fermentation strategies by Schizochytrium mangrovei strain pq6 to produce feedstock for exploitation of squalene and omega‐3 fatty acids
Authors: Hoang Lan Anh Thi , Nguyen Ha Cam , Le Thom Thi , Hoang Thi Huong Quynh , Pham Van Nhat , Hoang Minh Hien Thi , Ngo Hoai Thu Thi , Hong Dang Diem 
Published: June 2018

Schizochytrium mangrovei strain PQ6 was investigated for coproduction of docosahexaenoic acid (C22: 6ω‐3, DHA) and squalene using a 30‐L bioreactor with a working volume of 15 L under various batch and fed‐batch fermentation process regimes. The fed‐batch process was a more efficient cultivation strategy for achieving higher biomass production rich in DHA and squalene. The final biomass, total lipid, unsaponifiable lipid content, and DHA productivity were 105.25 g · L−1, 43.40% of dry cell weight, 8.58% total lipid, and 61.66 mg · g−1 · L−1, respectively, after a 96 h fed‐batch fermentation. The squalene content was highest at 48 h after feeding glucose (98.07 mg · g−1 of lipid). Differences in lipid accumulation during fermentation were correlated with changes in ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy and Nile Red staining of cells. The results may be of relevance to industrial‐scale coproduction of DHA and squalene in heterotrophic marine microalgae such as Schizochytrium.
Rural‐Urban Disparities in Access to Breast Cancer Screening: A Spatial Clustering Analysis
Authors: Chandak Aastha , Nayar Preethy , Lin Ge 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine rural‐urban differences in access to breast cancer screening in a predominantly rural Midwestern state in the United States.MethodsThe study is a retrospective analysis of pooled cross‐sectional data for the years 2008 to 2012. We conducted hot spot analyses of the rate of late‐stage diagnosis of breast cancer at the census tract level in Nebraska for cases diagnosed between 2008 and 2012, using cancer registry data. We also conducted hot spot analyses of access to mammography facilities (distance to the nearest center) using data on mammography facilities from the US Food and Drug Administration and rates of screening using the National Private Insurance Claims data for year 2013.ResultsThe spatial clustering analyses found that urban areas in Nebraska had lower distances to mammography centers, higher screening rates and lower rates of late‐stage diagnosis of breast cancer. Rural areas had higher distance to the mammography centers and higher rates of late‐stage at diagnosis for breast cancer.ConclusionsThe evidence from this study points to geographic disparities in access to screening for breast cancer. Mitigating the access issues that rural women face would require interventions specifically targeted to rural populations.
Durability of virologic response, risk of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma, liver function and stiffness 2 years after treatment with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir±dasabuvir±ribavirin in the AMBER, real‐world experience study
Authors: Flisiak R. , Janczewska E. , Łucejko M. , Karpińska E. , Zarębska‐Michaluk D. , Nazzal K. , Bolewska B. , Białkowska J. , Berak H. , Fleischer‐Stępniewska K. , Tomasiewicz K. , Karwowska K. , Simon K. , Piekarska A. , Tronina O. , Tuchendler E. , Garlicki A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe followed for 2 years patients treated with direct‐acting agents (DAA) to assess long‐term durability of virologic response, improvement of liver function, reduction in liver stiffness (LS) and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study included patients from 16 hepatologic centres involved in the AMBER, investigator‐initiated study on treatment of chronic hepatitis C patients within a programme preceding EU registration of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir±dasabuvir±ribavirin. A total of 204 patients among 209 from the primary study were enrolled, 200 with available testing at 2‐year follow‐up (2yFU) with undetectable HCV RNA (198 responders and 2 nonresponders retreated). During 2yFU, 4 patients died, 17 had hepatic decompensation and 3 needed liver transplantation. De novo hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 4 and its recurrence in 3 patients. Significant decreases in bilirubin, MELD, Child‐Pugh scores and liver stiffness, and increases in albumin level were observed during 2yFU. Strengths of the study were a fixed period of post‐treatment follow‐up, prospective character of the study and high proportion of available patients from the primary study. The major weaknesses were lack of a comparative arm and relatively insufficient number of patients for subsets analysis. In conclusion, 2‐year follow‐up confirmed durability of virologic response after treatment of HCV infection with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir±dasabuvir±ribavirin. It was accompanied by significant improvement of major measures of hepatic function and reduction of hepatic stiffness. Successful therapy did not prevent hepatic decompensation, HCC or death in cirrhotics that support the need for longer than 2‐year monitoring for possible disease progression.
Pharmacokinetics of ivermectin in sheep following pretreatment with Escherichia coli endotoxin
Authors: Riquelme J. , Cazanga V. , Jeldres J. , Pérez R. 
Published: June 2018

The comparative pharmacokinetics of ivermectin (IVM), between healthy and in Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) injected sheep, was investigated after an intravenous (IV) administration of a single dose of 0.2 mg/kg. Ten Suffolk Down sheep, 55 ± 3.3 kg, were distributed in two experimental groups: Group 1 (LPS): treated with three doses of 1 μg LPS/kg bw at −24, −16, and −0.75 hr before IVM; group 2 (Control): treated with saline solution (SS). An IV dose of 0.2 mg IVM/kg was administered 45 min after the last injection of LPS or SS. Plasma concentrations of IVM were determined by liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on non‐compartmental modeling. In healthy sheep, the values of the pharmacokinetic parameters were as follows: elimination half‐life (2.85 days), mean residence time (MRT) (2.27 days), area under the plasma concentration curve over time (AUC, 117.4 ng day−1 ml−1), volume of distribution (875.6 ml/kg), and clearance (187.1 ml/day). No statistically significant differences were observed when compared with the results obtained from the group of sheep treated with LPS. It is concluded that the acute inflammatory response (AIR) induced by the intravenous administration of E. coli LPS in adult sheep produced no changes in plasma concentrations or in the pharmacokinetic behavior of IVM, when it is administered intravenously at therapeutic doses.
Determination of the intramammary dose of benzylpenicillin required to maintain an adequate concentration in the milk to inhibit Gram‐positive bacteria in the clinically normal udder for 24 hr
Authors: Abbeloos Elke , Pyörälä Satu , Rajala‐Schultz Päivi , Myllys Vesa 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the intramammary dose of benzylpenicillin required to maintain a concentration in the milk above theMICfor the Gram‐positive bacteria that cause mastitis. The product used in this study was a commercially available procaine benzylpenicillin in an oily suspension with micronized particles. Three dose levels were used: 200,000, 300,000, and 600,000 IU. Concentrations of benzylpenicillin in cow milk and plasma were determined after a single intramammary dose was administered into one quarter of each of the five cows in each treatment group. Samples were analyzed using anHPLC‐MS/MSmethod, which was validated during the study. Concentrations in the milk were well above theMICfor the target pathogens for all doses tested. There was a linear dose‐dependent increase in the meanAUCs of benzylpenicillin concentrations in plasma and milk. At the first milking, 12 hr after dosing, there was a significant difference between the mean milk benzylpenicillin concentrations in cows treated with a dose of 600,000 IU, and those treated with 200,000 or 300,000 IU. Although this study shows a linear relationship between the dose of procaine benzylpenicillin administered and the concentration in the milk in the healthy udder, it would be useful to conduct studies on cows with mastitis to define the optimum dose and duration of intramammary treatment with benzylpenicillin.
A Meta‐Analysis and Meta‐Regression of Incidental Second Language Word Learning from Spoken Input
Authors: de Vos Johanna F. , Schriefers Herbert , Nivard Michel G. , Lemhöfer Kristin 
Published: June 2018

We meta‐analyzed the effectiveness of incidental second language word learning from spoken input. Our sample contained 105 effect sizes from 32 primary studies employing meaning‐focused word‐learning activities with 1,964 participants with typical cognitive functioning. The random‐effects meta‐analysis yielded a mean effect size of g = 1.05, reflecting generally large vocabulary gains from spoken input in meaning‐focused activities. A meta‐regression with three substantive and two methodological predictors also revealed that adult participants outperformed children in terms of word learning and that interactive learning tasks were more effective than noninteractive ones. Furthermore, learning scores were higher when measured with recognition than with recall tests. Methodologically, the use of a no‐input control group seemed to protect against an overestimation of learning effects, evidenced by smaller effect sizes. Finally, whether a pretest–posttest design was used did not influence effect sizes. All data and the analysis script are publicly available.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Data badge. All data and the analysis script are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/92vfw. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Differential response to renal replacement therapy in neonatal‐onset inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Porta Francesco , Peruzzi Licia , Bonaudo Roberto , Pieretti Silvia , Busso Marta , Cocchi Enrico , Conio Alessandra , Pagliardini Veronica , Spada Marco 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTSevere urea cycle defects (UCD), organic acidemias (OA) and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) are life‐threatening disorders presenting in the first days of life. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is an emergency option in affected newborns, mostly performed as ultima ratio. We report our 10‐year experience using emergency RRT in newborns with UCD, OA and MSUD. Twelve newborns (eight with UCD, two with methylmalonic acidemia and two with MSUD) underwent emergency RRT. The overall survival rate to RRT was 58.3%. Hyperammonemic newborns required earlier RRT with respect to MSUD patients (75 (65–102) vs 301 (192–410) h of life, P < 0.01). Hyperammonemic neonates surviving (n = 5) and non‐surviving (n = 5) the acute neonatal decompensation showed similar birth weight (P = 0.690), duration of intubation (P = 0.917), ammonia at onset (P = 0.916) and at the start of RRT (P = 0.426), age at RRT (P = 0.999) and duration of coma before RRT (P = 0.691). Remarkably, all survivors quickly responded to RRT, with ammonia concentration less than 300 μmol/L after 8 h of treatment. One patient with UCD successfully treated by neonatal RRT died at 4 months of life because of sepsis. All patients with MSUD had normalized leucine levels after 12 h of RRT, surviving the acute neonatal decompenstation. All long‐term survivors (five liver transplanted, one waiting for liver transplantation) currently show normal or near‐normal neurological development (48 ± 39 months of age). Early response to RRT was associated with survival irrespective of pre‐treatment picture. RRT can be considered even in huge neonatal metabolic decompensations. Early liver transplantation may be an option for select patients.
Once upon a time: Storytelling as a knowledge translation strategy for qualitative researchers
Authors: Bourbonnais Anne , Michaud Cécile 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQualitative research should strive for knowledge translation toward the goal of closing the gap between knowledge and practice. However, it is often a challenge in nursing to identify knowledge translation strategies able to illustrate the usefulness of qualitative results in any given context. This article defines storytelling and uses pragmatism to examine storytelling as a strategy to promote the knowledge translation of qualitative results. Pragmatism posits that usefulness is defined by the people affected by the problem and that usefulness is promoted by modalities, like storytelling, that increase sensitivity to an experience. Indeed, stories have the power to give meaning to human behaviors and to trigger emotions, and in doing so bring many advantages. For example, by contextualizing research results and appealing to both the reason and the emotions of audiences, storytelling can help us grasp the usefulness of these research results. Various strategies exist to create stories that will produce an emotional experience capable of influencing readers’ or listeners’ actions. To illustrate the potential of storytelling as a knowledge translation strategy in health care, we will use our story of discovering this strategy during a qualitative study in a nursing home as an example.
Employing stable isotopes to determine the residence times of soil water and the temporal origin of water taken up by Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies in a temperate forest
Authors: Brinkmann Nadine , Seeger Stefan , Weiler Markus , Buchmann Nina , Eugster Werner , Kahmen Ansgar 
Published: June 2018

Summary

We assessed how the seasonal variability of precipitation δ2H and δ18O is propagated into soil and xylem waters of temperate trees, applied a hydrological model to estimate the residence time distribution of precipitation in the soil, and identified the temporal origin of water taken up by Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica over 4 yr.

Residence times of precipitation in the soil varied between a few days and several months and increased with soil depth. On average, 50% of water consumed by trees throughout a year had precipitated during the growing season, while 40% had precipitated in the preceding winter or even earlier. Importantly, we detected subtle differences with respect to the temporal origin of water used by the two species.

We conclude that both current precipitation and winter precipitation are important for the water supply of temperate trees and that winter precipitation could buffer negative impacts of spring or summer droughts.

Our study additionally provides the means to obtain realistic estimates of source water δ2H and δ18O values for trees from precipitation isotope data, which is essential for improving model‐based interpretations of δ18O and δ2H values in plants.
Clinical features of Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Sato Satoshi , Kanbe Tomoka , Tamaki Zenshiro , Furuichi Mihoko , Uejima Yoji , Suganuma Eisuke , Takano Tadamasa , Kawano Yutaka 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundStevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are rare, but these conditions are associated with high mortality. There have been few reports of SJS and TEN in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of SJS and TEN in a group of Japanese children.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed pediatric cases of SJS and TEN, from 2000 to 2015.ResultsWe identified 12 pediatric cases of SJS and three of TEN. Six (all SJS) were caused by infection, and eight of the cases (SJS, n = 5; TEN, n = 3) were drug induced. Respiratory complications were the most common in terms of organ involvement, followed by hepatitis and gastrointestinal symptoms. Thirteen patients were treated with systemic corticosteroids, and two patients were treated with supportive therapy only. Concomitant with corticosteroid, four patients were given i.v. immunoglobulin. One patient with severe TEN was treated with systemic corticosteroids combined with plasmapheresis and cyclosporine. None of the present patients died. One patient with TEN had severe sequelae, with bronchiolitis obliterans and ocular involvement.ConclusionsSJS/TEN are rare, but are associated with severe complications. General pediatricians need to have up‐to‐date information regarding these conditions. The present study provides insights into the confirmation of the risk of SJS/TEN as well as the treatment of these diseases.