bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Mozart compositions during pregnancy should be exposed in the night. Study on apoptotic index of Rattus norvegicus offsprings’ brain neurons
Authors: Maulana Eka Nasrur , Joewono Hermanto Tri , Widjiati Widjiati , Purnomo Windhu 
Published: April 2018

Objectives: To analyze the optimal time to expose Mozart compositions(in the night/ dark) by measuring brain neural apoptotic index of Rattus norvegicus offspringsMaterials and Methods: This study used experimental random-ized post test only control group design in pregnant Rattus norvegicus. Subjects were divided into three groups at random, ie control group, 1 (1 hour Mozart exposure in dark) and 2 (1 hour Mozart in light), each comprised 8 females. After delivery, 2 heaviest Rattus norvegicus offsprings were chosen, totally 15 neonates in each group, then they were sacrificed with decapita-tion and the brain was prepared and stained using TUNEL assay method and the index of neurons cell apoptosis was calculated using microscope in 1000x magnification. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Airlangga, after conducting ethical feasibility test.Results: There were no miscarriages, congenital malformation, preterm birth and deaths in all groups. The control group's neural apoptosis index was 55.98 ± 4.12, group one 24.87±3.45 and group two 23.82±3.89. Based on statistical test result, there was no significant difference of apoptosis index between treatment group 1 and treatment group 2, with p value 0,836 but significant difference was found between control group and treatment group 1 (p=0.002) and between control group and treatment group 2 (p=0.009). In dark group we found the lower average of apoptotic index, the lowest apoptotic index, 9 of 15 had the lowest, the heaviest head weight and 4 of 15 subjects had the heaviest head weightConclusion: There was no significant difference between the pro-vision of Mozart music in dark and light on brain neuron of Rattus norvegicus offsprings although lower average in the dark group especially if the extreme value exluded. In the dark group: we found the lower average of apoptotic index, the lowest apoptotic index, biggest proportion of the lowest index, the heaviest head and biggest proportion of heaviest head.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN EKONOMI UNTUK MENYIAPKAN GURU PROFESIONAL DI SEKOLAH BERTARAF INTERNASIONAL
Authors: Dahlan Dadang , Budiwati Neti , Kurniawati Susanti 
Published: April 2018

Abstract : This study aims to: 1) Generating a description of the graduates competence to prepare economics teacher at the International School (SBI) 2) Generating the substance of the study which relevant with the graduates competence. 3) Producing design curriculum appropriate to the needs of the economy to prepare prospective teachers in SBI. The study was designed for 2 years in the Research and Development, is based on a curriculum development manual competency-based curriculum development of higher education issued by the Directorate General of Higher Education (2008). Results of the study, among others, found that the description of the competence of Education study program consists of a) two core competences b) nine supporting competency and c) four other competencies. Core competencies consist of a) control of the structure, concepts, generalizations, theories, and scientific mindset within the scope of the global economy that consists of 18 sub-competences b) mastery of concepts, theories, and pedagogical principles consisting of 6 sub-competences. Supporting competence consists of 11 subcompetences and other competencies consist of 9 sub-competences. Main competence substance consists of 24 studies, supporting competency consists of 11 studies and other competencies substance consists of 9 substance of the study, so the total credits of students who have taken a number of 152 credits or 61 courses.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan: 1) Menghasilkan deskripsi kompetensi lulusan untuk menyiapkan guru ekonomi di Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional (SBI) 2) Menghasilkan substansi kajian yang relevan dengan kompetensi lulusan. 3) Menghasilkan desain kurikulum yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan untuk menyiapkan calon guru ekonomi di SBI. Penelitian dirancang untuk 2 tahun dengan menggunakan metode Research and Development, Pengembangan kurikulum ini dilakukan berdasarkan buku panduan pengembangan kurikulum berbasis kompetensi pendidikan tinggi yang diterbitkan oleh Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi (2008). Hasil penelitian antara lain ditemukan bahwa deskripsi kompetensi Prodi Pendidikan terdiri dari a) dua kompetensi utama b) sembilan kompetensi pendukung dan c) empat kompetensi lainnya. Kompetensi utama terdiri dari a) penguasaan struktur, konsep, generalisasi, teori, dan pola pikir keilmuan ekonomi dalam lingkup global yang terdiri dari 18 subkompetensi b) penguasaan konsep, teori, dan prinsip pedagogik yang terdiri atas 6 subkompetensi. Kompetensi pendukung terdiri dari 11 subkompetensi dan kompetensi lainnya terdiri dari 9 subkompetensi. Kompetensi Utama terdiri dari 24 substansi kajian, kompetensi pendukung terdiri atas 11 substansi kajian dan kompetensi lainnya terdiri dari 9 substansi kajian, sehingga total SKS yang harus ditempuh mahasiswa sejumlah 152 SKS atau 61 mata kuliah.
PRODUKSI BAHASA SEORANG ’NATIVE BILINGUAL’ ANAK USIA 5 TAHUN
Authors: Tandiana Soni T 
Published: April 2018

Abstract: An analysis on psycholinguistics field has been conducted by the writer to find out the speech produced by the 5 years old ’native bilingual’ child namely Helga Claresta Raudina. Descriptive qualitative is used as the method of the research, the data required are obtained by interviewing the respondent. The lexical and grammatical types of speech produced by the respondent are analysed based on the psycholinguistics theories. This research is done to give valuable information and description of how the five years old child produces their languages. Abstrak: Analisis psikolinguistik telah dilakukan oleh penulis untuk mengetahui kemampuan berbicara bilingual anak 5 tahun, yaitu Helga Claresta Raudina. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh dengan mewawancarai responden. Jenis leksikal dan gramatikal berbicara dihasilkan oleh responden dianalisis berdasarkan teori psikolinguistik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi yang berharga dan deskripsi tentang bagaimana seorang anak berusia lima tahun memproduksi bahasa.
EFEKTIVITAS BENTUK PENILAIAN FORMATIF DISESUAIKAN DENGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Nurjannah Nurjannah 
Published: April 2018

This study investigates the effectiveness of formative assessment adapted to the instructional media towards science achivement of students by controlling prior knowledge. The research is an experiment using 2 x 2 factorial design. The result show that, learning to use visual instructional media will be more effective if formative assessment with worksheets, and if the learning uses conventional media will be more effective if the formative assessment with quizzes.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas penilaian formatif dengan media pembelajaran ter-hadap hasil belajar IPA siswa setelah mengontrol pengetahuan awalnya. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan disain faktorit 2 x 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, belajar dengan menggunakan media pembelajaran visual akan lebih efektif jika penilaian formatif dilakukan dengan LKS, dan jika pembelajaran menggunakan media konvensional akan lebih efektif jika penilaian formatifnya dilakukan melalui kuis.
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN KINERJA DOSEN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Yusrizal Yusrizal 
Published: April 2018

This study report the process of developing an assessment instrument for lecturers’s performance at college. The results indicated that at the first try out, seven factors are extracted from the data obtained by using exploratory method Principal Components Analysis (PCA), which is in accordance with the theoretical estimated factors. The Confirmatory method used is Maximum Likelihood (ML) to test the goodness of fit of the 7 factors. The index of test of the seven factors is 952.062. The second try out, also found seven factors, with the index of goodness of fit of 664.287

Abstrak
Penelitian ini memaparkan proses pengembangan instrumen penilaian kinerja dosen di perguruan tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada ujicoba pertama, tujuh faktor yang diambil dari data yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode eksplorasi Principal Components Analysis (PCA), yang sesuai dengan faktor perkiraan teoritis. Metode Konfirmatori yang digunakan adalah Maximum Likelihood (ML) untuk menguji kecocokan dari 7 faktor. Indeks dari uji tujuh faktor adalah 952,062. Uji coba kedua juga memperoleh tujuh faktor, dengan indeks kecocokan 664,287.
Improving Breeding Efficiency of a Hybrid Maize Breeding Program Using a Three Heterotic‐Group Classification
Authors: Fan XingMing , Bi Yaqi , Zhang Yudong , Jeffers Daniel , Yin XingFu , Kang Manjit 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Maize breeding efficiency can be greatly improved by adopting three heterotic groups in hybrid breeding.
Using three heterotic groups improves maize breeding efficiency for using genetic resources.
General breeding efficiency is used to measure efficiency of genetic resource usage, and specific breeding efficiency is to obtain maximum output with inputs.
Suwan1 is an important heterotic group from tropical/subtropical and should be explore more worldwide.
Heterotic group classification has a crucial impact on maize (Zea mays L.) breeding efficiency in a hybrid‐based breeding program. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate whether or not breeding efficiency could be improved using a three heterotic‐group (TriHG) classification (Reid and non‐Reid, and Suwan1 heterotic groups) system instead of a usual two heterotic‐group (DiHG) classification (Reid and non‐Reid heterotic groups) system; and (ii) estimate the impact of TriHG and DiHG systems on breeding efficiency, utilizing the same data in computing specific breeding efficiency (SBE) and general breeding efficiency (GBE) in a subtropical breeding program in southern China. Twenty‐five adapted tropical and subtropical lines were crossed to six testers using a line × tester mating design. Data on grain yield were used to calculate SBE and GBE for comparing DiHG‐ and TriHG‐based strategies. The TriHG classification system increased GBE by 77.8% over the DiHG system without a significant loss in SBE. We concluded that the TriHG system was better than the DiHG system for improving maize‐breeding efficiency. Therefore, maize breeders may re‐think their breeding strategy for improving breeding efficiency in long‐term breeding programs by adopting the suggested TriHG system. Hybrid maize improvement programs, especially in the early stages of breeding for identifying hybrids with high yield potential, can be become more efficient by using three testers with one from each of Reid, nonReid, and Suwan1 heterotic groups. This would improve the chances of developing high‐yielding hybrids in a breeding program with the available, diverse germplasm.
Spatial Patterns of Escherichia coli Concentrations in Sediment before and after High‐Flow Events in a First‐Order Creek
Authors: Stocker Matthew D. , Penrose Michael , Pachepsky Yakov A. 
Published: April 2018

Understanding spatial patterns of Escherichia coli in freshwater sediments is necessary to characterize sediments as microbial reservoirs and to evaluate the impact of sediment resuspension on microbial water quality in watersheds. Sediment particle size distributions and streambed E. coli concentrations were measured along a 500‐m‐long reach of a first‐order creek 1 d before and on Days 1, 3, 6, and 10 after each of two artificial high‐flow events, with natural high‐flow events also occurring within the sampling periods. Spatial variability of E. coli was greater in sediments than in water within any given sampling; however, variation between sampling days was greater for water than for sediment. The mean relative difference analysis revealed temporally stable patterns of E. coli concentrations in sediments. Escherichia coli–rich locations along the reach corresponded to areas with higher organic matter and fine particle contents. Although low (k < 0.5 d−1) or negative survival rates were observed at most locations along the reach during times where no precipitation was recorded, a small number of locations showed such large concentration increase that on average the survival rate remained positive at the reach scale. The studied creek appears to have hot spots of concentration increase, where conditions for E. coli populations to increase are much more favorable than in most other locations across the reach. The effect of this increase can be seen at the reach scale but is difficult to discern without individual sampling that is dense in space and time.Core Ideas
Temporally stable patterns of E. coli concentrations in sediments were observed.
Reach‐average E. coli concentrations increased in sediments between high‐flow events.
E. coli survival rates were generally low except in certain locations along the reach.
Soil Drought and Water Carrying Capacity for Vegetation in the Critical Zone of the Loess Plateau: A Review
Authors: Shao Ming'an , Wang Yunqiang , Xia Yongqiu , Jia Xiaoxu 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
The progress of research on soil drought in the Loess Plateau was reviewed.
Spatiotemporal patterns of dried soil layers were scale dependent.
SWCCV was recommended for optimizing water management in the critical zone of the LP.
The Loess Plateau (LP) of China is a good representative area for critical zone (CZ) science studies. The LP is famous for its deep loess. In most areas, the thickness of the loess profile is deeper than 100 m, and two‐thirds of the area is arid and semiarid. With the Grain‐for‐Green project, the vegetation of the plateau has recovered gradually. However, with the increase in vegetative coverage, especially the planted vegetation, the water content of the soil profile has decreased and the soil is much drier. In this review, particular emphasis is paid to the dry conditions of deep soil, drought, regional restoration of vegetation, and effective management of soil moisture. We reviewed the progress of research on dried soil layers (DSLs) that resulted from soil drought in the past decades on the Plateau, and then we summarized the development of the concept and models of soil water carrying capacity for vegetation (SWCCV). This review is helpful for understanding the development of DSLs, optimizing soil water management through vegetation mediation, and designing a long‐term sustainable framework for water‐limited ecosystems.
Hydropedological Interpretation of Regional Soil Information to Conceptualize Groundwater–Surface Water Interactions
Authors: van Tol Johan J. , Lorentz Simon A. 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Hydropedology can serve as an indicator of the hydrological behavior of catchments.
Hydropedological interpretations are applicable at regional scales.
Internal catchment properties are often more important than environmental factors.
Understanding and quantifying groundwater–surface water interactions is important for effective water resource management. Characterization of these interactions is difficult due to heterogeneities in landscapes and difficulties in measuring hydrological processes at different scales. Although soils play an integral role in the hydrological functioning of landscapes, very few groundwater–surface water interaction studies consider soils as key components of hydrologic variation. We studied 21 catchments in South Africa with available stream attributes, such as baseflow index (BFI) and hydrological variability (CVB). The soils of the catchments were interpreted and grouped into four classes based on dominant hydropedological response: Recharge, Interflow, Responsive (shallow), and Responsive (wet). The dominant soil distribution patterns in the catchments were then determined. Significant positive Spearman correlation coefficients exist between BFI and soil attributes such as depth (0.72), clay content (0.54), and the area covered by Recharge soils (0.81). The occurrence of Interflow and shallow soils is inversely correlated to BFI (−0.86 and −0.67, respectively), whereas CVB was positively correlated to the area of Interflow soils (0.81) and negatively to the area of Recharge soils (−0.75). Based on the hydropedological soil distribution pattern, three conceptual models of groundwater–surface water interactions were constructed: (i) those where vertical drainage and recharge of groundwater in the upper slopes are dominant, with return flow to soil layers in lower‐lying positions, and soil and groundwater contribute to streamflow; (ii) those where vertical drainage through soils and recharge of groundwater is dominant in upper and lower lying landscape positions, there is no return flow to soils, and only groundwater contributes to streamflow; and (iii) those where lateral flow at the soil–bedrock interface is dominant throughout the catchment, limited recharge occurs, and the stream is fed through lateral flow from soils with limited contribution from groundwater.
Development of a Physically Based Soil Albedo Parameterization for the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zheng Guanheng , Yang Hanbo , Lei Huimin , Yang Dawen , Wang Taihua , Qin Yue 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Liquid soil moisture controls seasonal variations in soil albedo.
Solar zenith angle determines diurnal variations in soil albedo.
Soil optical parameter values can be reasonably estimated from soil composition.
The simulated surface energy budget in summer is considerably improved.
Soil albedo controls the surface energy budget on the Tibetan Plateau (TP); however, estimates of the soil albedo include substantial uncertainties. This study presents a physically based soil albedo parameterization that includes the effects of the solar zenith angle and liquid soil moisture. The parameter values are calibrated and validated using the measurements from the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment–Asian Monsoon Experiment and the Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period Asia–Australia Monsoon Project (CAMP‐Tibet). Because few measurements of albedo are available from the TP, a transfer equation was built to estimate the parameter values through their inverse physical links with the soil composition. Compared with previous parameterizations, the parameter values from the transfer equation reduce the simulated mean bias and RMSE values by nearly 50%. Comparisons of the observed albedos and simulated values obtained using the new parameterization show that the correlation values are >0.5 and that the absolute errors (dimensionless) are within ±0.05. The new parameterization captures the diurnal and seasonal variations better than the previous schemes and shows that the diurnal and seasonal variations in soil albedo are controlled by the solar zenith angle and liquid soil moisture, respectively. This new parameterization scheme was incorporated into the Geomorphology‐Based Eco‐Hydrological Model and run for the CAMP‐Tibet stations. The inclusion of this new parameterization significantly improved the simulated surface energy budget in summer; the deviations in the upward shortwave radiation decreased by 81%, and the accuracy of the simulated Bowen ratio increased substantially.
Imidacloprid Sorption and Transport in Cropland, Grass Buffer, and Riparian Buffer Soils
Authors: Satkowski Laura E. , Goyne Keith W. , Anderson Stephen H. , Lerch Robert N. , Webb Elisabeth B. , Snow Daniel D. 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Vegetative buffer strip (VBS) soils sorb imidacloprid (ICD) more than cropland soils due to greater SOC.
Riparian VBS soils retard ICD leaching more than cropland and grass VBS soils.
Results indicate ICD sorption to two or three sites, likely through different mechanisms.
A VBS may reduce the mobility of ICD in agroecosystems.
An understanding of neonicotinoid sorption and transport in soil is critical for determining and mitigating environmental risk associated with the most widely used class of insecticides. The objective of this study was to evaluate mobility and transport of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid (ICD) in soils collected from cropland, grass vegetative buffer strip (VBS), and riparian VBS soils. Soils were collected at six randomly chosen sites within grids that encompassed all three land uses. Single‐point equilibrium batch sorption experiments were conducted using radio‐labeled (14C) ICD to determine solid–solution partition coefficients (Kd). Column experiments were conducted using soils collected from the three vegetation treatments at one site by packing soil into glass columns. Water flow was characterized by applying Br− as a nonreactive tracer. A single pulse of 14C‐ICD was then applied, and ICD leaching was monitored for up to 45 d. Bromide and ICD breakthrough curves for each column were simulated using CXTFIT and HYDRUS‐1D models. Sorption results indicated that ICD sorbs more strongly to riparian VBS (Kd = 22.6 L kg−1) than crop (Kd = 11.3 L kg−1) soils. Soil organic C was the strongest predictor of ICD sorption (p < 0.0001). The column transport study found mean peak concentrations of ICD at 5.83, 10.84, and 23.8 pore volumes for crop, grass VBS, and riparian VBS soils, respectively. HYDRUS‐1D results indicated that the two‐site, one‐rate linear reversible model best described results of the breakthrough curves, indicating the complexity of ICD sorption and demonstrating its mobility in soil. Greater sorption and longer retention by the grass and riparian VBS soils than the cropland soil suggests that VBS may be a viable means to mitigate ICD loss from agroecosystems, thereby preventing ICD transport into surface water, groundwater, or drinking water resources.
Strength and Permeability of Cultivated Histosols Characterized by Differing Degrees of Decomposition
Authors: Dessureault-Rompré Jacynthe , Thériault Laura , Guedessou Cédrick-Victoir , Caron Jean 
Published: April 2018

Core Ideas
Cultivated organic soils (Histosols) are highly productive but very sensitive to degradation and compaction.
Penetration resistance and saturated hydraulic conductivity are two important parameters related to the degree of decomposition of Histosols.
Penetration resistance could be used to assess the depth of the compact layer, as well as the degree of decomposition, of Histosols.
Cultivated organic soils (Histosols) are an important part of the agricultural economy in Canada. However, problems of degradation and compaction affect this particular type of soil. The objective of this study was to characterize the soil penetration resistance and the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat) in cultivated organic soils that differed in their degree of decomposition. Three fields in the plain of Montreal, in southwestern Quebec, were selected to provide a gradient of degrees of decomposition. Site 1 was classified as a Limnic Fibrisol, Site 2 was classified as a Terric Mesic Humisol, and Site 3 was classified as a Terric Humisol. At each site, penetration resistance and ksat were measured directly in the field. Penetration resistance, particularly at the 25‐cm depth and deeper, was found to increase with increasing soil degradation. An inverse relationship was observed for ksat in the compact layer. The results presented in this study indicate that penetration resistance and ksat are both linked to the degree of soil decomposition. However, the relationship between both parameters is complex, and both parameters are to be measured to achieve a more accurate characterization of organic soils. Further work could assess the depth of the compact layer, as well as the degree of decomposition of organic soils at different spatial scales using penetration resistance. In Histosols, accurately mapping ksat would help in designing field drainage system, as this soil property is difficult to predict from other parameters.