bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil pipelines and food sovereignty: threat to health equity for Indigenous communities
Authors: Jonasson Michael E. , Spiegel Samuel J. , Thomas Sarah , Yassi Annalee , Wittman Hannah , Takaro Tim , Afshari Reza , Markwick Michael , Spiegel Jerry M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Energy projects may profoundly impact Indigenous peoples. We consider effects of Canada’s proposed Trans Mountain oil pipeline expansion on the health and food sovereignty of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation (TWN) through contamination and impeded access to uncontaminated traditional foods. Federal monitoring and TWN documentation show elevated shellfish biotoxin levels in TWN’s traditional territory near the terminus where crude oil is piped. Although TWN restoration work has re-opened some shellfish-harvesting sites, pipeline expansion stands to increase health risk directly through rising bioaccumulating chemical toxins as well as through increased hazardous biotoxins. Climate change from increased fossil fuel use, expected via pipeline expansion, also threatens to increase algae blooms through higher temperature and nutrient loading. As the environmental impact assessment process failed to effectively consider these local health concerns in addition to larger impacts of climate change, new assessment is needed attending to linked issues of equity, sustainability and Indigenous food sovereignty.
A proactive blueprint to demonstrate on-farm animal welfare.
Authors: Johnson A. K. , Colpoys J. D. , Garcia A. , Jass C. , Millman S. T. , Pairis-Garcia M. D. , Rademacher C. J. , Weimer S. L. , Azarpajouh S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Farm animal welfare has become an increasing area of consumer and customer interest globally and this has resulted in dramatic changes related to on-farm accountability. Some markets are demanding an on-farm, transparent and accountable animal welfare programme. Knowing what key elements are required is critical. Key elements range from (a) caretaker qualities; (b) record keeping and standard operating procedures; (c) animal- and resource-based measures; (d) communication to (e) caretaker empowerment. The ultimate on-farm welfare programme goal is to provide the highest animal care. This review will provide context to these key elements that in turn can be used to create or improve on-farm animal welfare programmes.
Decentering constructs predict experience and tolerance of pain: evidence from a cold pressor study / Constructos relacionados con el descentramiento predicen la experiencia y la tolerancia al dolor: evidencia obtenida mediante la prueba del frío
Authors: DeMarree Kenneth G. , Naragon-Gainey Kristin , Giancola Abigail 
Published: September 2019

Decentering is a detached, observer perspective on one’s current mental contents. Recent work has identified two potential aspects of decentering, Observer Perspective (OP) and Reduced Struggle (RS), that independently predict the effects of decentering. Specifically, both OP and RS predict reduced psychological distress in response to negative affect, with some variability in predictive utility across outcomes. In this study, we sought to extend previous work by examining OP and RS as predictors of responses to an external source of distress, a painful stimulus. Participants completed measures of decentering, followed by a cold pressor task for up to four minutes. We recorded time that participants were able to withstand the cold-water bath and the intensity of the pain experienced. We found that both OP and RS predicted partiacipants’ pain tolerance and pain intensity, but that only RS did so uniquely. Results are discussed with respect to theory on decentering.
Health Care Engagement Behaviors of Men who use Performance- and Image-Enhancing Drugs in Australia
Authors: Jacka B. , Larance B. , Copeland J. , Burns L. , Farrell M. , Jackson E. , Degenhardt L. 
Published: September 2019

Background Although people who inject performance- and image-enhancing drugs (PIEDs) report fewer unsafe injecting practices, stigma and discrimination may negatively impact their access to help and information. Engagement with health care services, compared with social networks (friends, relatives, and gym associates) and the Internet and media (steroid user forums, information sites, and magazines), may be important for harm minimization. Methods A cross-sectional Internet or in-person survey of men who use PIEDs in Australia in 2014–2015 examined differences in sources for PIEDs, injecting equipment, and anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) information and factors associated with having periodical medical checks related to PIEDs issues using multivariate logistic regression. Results In total, 267 men (mean age: 25 years, SD: 8.7 years; 246 of 267 [92%] reported recent AAS injection) were recruited. Most participants sourced injecting equipment from health professionals, PIEDs from their social networks, and AAS information from the Internet and media. Self-reported AAS knowledge was high and frequent. Higher income (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 4.00), ≥2 different PIEDs used in addition to AAS (AOR: 1.94, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.49), and sourcing AAS information from health care professionals (AOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.81, 5.46) were independently associated with periodical medical checks. Participants nominated preference for improved health services through needle-syringe programs, primary care services, and peer educator support groups. Conclusion Men who use PIEDs in Australia consider themselves well informed but tend to use Internet and media sources, providing potentially misleading or inaccurate information. Increasing trust between men who use PIEDs and health care providers may enable delivery of PIEDs-specific information to those at greatest need.
Influence of neutral and stability athletic footwear on lower extremity coordination variability during a prolonged treadmill run in male rearfoot runners
Authors: Weir Gillian , Wyatt Hannah , Van Emmerik Richard , Trudeau Matthieu B. , Willwacher Steffen , Brüggemann Gert‐Peter , Hamill Joseph 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate changes in coordination variability (CV) over the course of a prolonged treadmill run and the influence of stability and neutral footwear on CV. Fourteen male habitually rearfoot runners completed two 42 min prolonged running sessions while three‐dimensional kinematics and kinetics were recorded. During the first 21 min, participants ran in a neutral shoe (baseline run), then changed into either another neutral shoe of the same construction but another colour or a stability shoe and ran a further 21 min (intervention run). A modified vector coding technique was used to compute thigh‐leg, leg‐rearfoot and rearfoot‐forefoot segment CV. Following the baseline run, thigh flexion/extension‐leg flexion/extension, rearfoot inversion/eversion‐forefoot plantar flexion/dorsiflexion and rearfoot inversion/eversion‐forefoot adduction/abduction CV increased (p < .05). During the intervention run, CV was higher in the neutral shoe compared with the stability shoe for thigh flexion/extension‐leg flexion/extension and leg flexion/extension‐rearfoot inversion/eversion couplings (p < .05). Lower extremity CV increased or was maintained during a prolonged treadmill run in healthy male rearfoot runners, likely to distribute stresses among the tissues as muscles begin to fatigue. CV increased to a greater extent in neutral compared with stability footwear which may be a result of: (1) the stability shoe acting as a perturbation to the runner and their response is to regulate CV, or; (2) stability footwear provides greater support and consequently, runners do not need to explore additional degrees of freedom to reduce stresses applied to the tissues throughout a prolonged run.
Tailoring virtual environments of an exergame for physiotherapy: the role of positive distractions and sensation-seeking (Adaptando entornos virtuales para un exergame para la fisioterapia: el papel de las distracciones positivas y la búsqueda de sensaciones)
Authors: Reis Eduardo , Arriaga Patrícia , Lima Maria-Luísa , Teixeira Luís , Postolache Octavian , Postolache Gabriela 
Published: September 2019

Recent findings have shown that exergames can facilitate physiotherapy. Environmental conditions, such as the inclusion of positive distractions, also seem to play a role in health recovery, but prior studies have never analysed their role in virtual environments. In this study we developed an exergame for the exercise of upper limbs by designing virtual environments with nature elements and testing the impact of including additional positive distractions. Participants ( n = 124, 81 females) were randomly assigned to one of two virtual environments: positive distractions vs. no distractions. To test whether these two environments matched the users’ characteristics, sensation-seeking was examined as a moderator. Measures of affect, sense of presence, intrinsic motivation and vitality were applied after the sessions, and game performance was assessed. Results showed that both environments were positively evaluated for all the dependent variables, regardless of the positive distractions and the sensation-seeking traits. However, game performance was affected by the environment and the participants’ sensation-seeking traits, suggesting that the additional distractions can reduce performance, and that individual differences also seem to impact performance.
Symmetry properties of nonlocal quark bilinear operators on a Lattice (LP3 Collaboration) *
Authors: Chen Jiunn-Wei , Ishikawa Tomomi , Jin Luchang , Lin Huey-Wen , Zhang Jian-Hui , Zhao Yong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Using symmetry properties, we determine the mixing pattern of a class of nonlocal quark bilinear operators containing a straight Wilson line along a spatial direction. We confirm the previous study that mixing among the lowest dimensional operators, which have a mass dimension equal to three, can occur if chiral symmetry is broken in the lattice action. For higher dimensional operators, we find that the dimension-three operators will always mix with dimension-four operators, even if chiral symmetry is preserved. Also, the number of dimension-four operators involved in the mixing is large, and hence it is impractical to remove the mixing by the improvement procedure. Our result is important for determining the Bjorken-x dependence of the parton distribution functions using the quasi-distribution method on a Euclidean lattice. The requirement of using large hadron momentum in this approach makes the control of errors from dimension-four operators even more important.
Dark matter and LHC phenomenology of a scale-invariant scotogenic model *
Authors: Guo Chao , Guo Shu-Yuan , Liao Yi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We study the phenomenology of a model that addresses the neutrino mass, dark matter, and generation of the electroweak scale in a single framework. Electroweak symmetry breaking is realized via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism in a classically scale invariant theory, while the neutrino mass is generated radiatively through interactions with dark matter in a typically scotogenic manner. The model introduces a scalar triplet and singlet and a vector-like fermion doublet that carry an odd parity of

, and an even parity scalar singlet that helps preserve classical scale invariance. We sample over the parameter space by taking into account various experimental constraints from the dark matter relic density and direct detection, direct scalar searches, neutrino mass, and charged lepton flavor violating decays. We then examine by detailed simulations possible signatures at the LHC to find some benchmark points of the free parameters. We find that the future high-luminosity LHC will have a significant potential in detecting new physics signals in the dilepton channel.
Low-lying states of 92,93Nb excited in the reactions induced by the weakly-bound nucleus 6Li near the Coulomb barrier *
Authors: Lv Yi-Feng , Lu Jing-Bin , Zhang Gao-Long , Wu Yi-Heng , Yuan Cen-Xi , Fu Guan-Jian , Zhang Guang-Xin , Huang Zhen , Wang Ming-Li , Hu Shi-Peng , Sun Hui-Bin , Zhang Huan-Qiao , Li Cheng-Qian , Ma Ke-Yan , Ma Ying-Jun , Liu Yun-Zuo , Testov D. , John P. R. , Valiente-Dobon J. J. , Goasduff A. , Siciliano M. , Galtarossa F. , Recchia F. , Mengoni D. , Bazzacco D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Excited states of odd-odd nucleus 92Nb and odd-A nucleus 93Nb were populated in the 6Li+ 89Y reaction with an incident energy of 34 MeV. The processes that produce 92,93Nb and can be measured by a combination of light charged particle and gamma ray measurements are discussed. Twenty new transitions are observed and eight new levels are constructed in 92Nb, and in addition two new transitions are added to the level scheme of 93Nb. Using shell model calculations, the low-lying structure of 92Nb is investigated and compared with the experimental results.
F(R) gravity in the early Universe: electroweak phase transition and chameleon mechanism *
Authors: Katsuragawa Taishi , Matsuzaki Shinya , Senaha Eibun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
It is widely believed that the screening mechanism is an essential feature for the modified gravity theory. Although this mechanism has been examined thoroughly in the past decade, their analyses are based on a conventional fluid prescription for the matter-sector configuration. In this paper, we demonstrate a new formulation of the chameleon mechanism in F(R) gravity theory, to shed light on quantum-field theoretical effects on the chameleon mechanism as well as the related scalaron physics, induced by the matter sector. We show a possibility that the chameleon mechanism is absent in the early Universe based on a scale-invariant-extended scenario beyond the standard model of particle physics, in which a realistic electroweak phase transition, yielding the right amount of baryon asymmetry of Universe today, simultaneously breaks the scale invariance in the early Universe. We also briefly discuss the oscillation of the scalaron field and indirect generation of non-tensorial gravitational waves induced by the electroweak phase transition.
Matter effects and coherent effect of neutrinos produced from

-ray bursts *
Authors: Liu Kuan , An Chun-Sheng , Li Xin , Lin Hai-Nan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Neutrinos produced from

-ray bursts (GRBs) carry significant physical information. The electron density in the GRBs outflow is very large. In this study, we calculate the matter effect on neutrinos when they propagate through such a dense region. The average survival probability and the flavor ratio of neutrinos are determined. The ratio of resonant neutrino energy from different spherical shells provides the information of power index N for the power-law distribution of electrons in the hot fireball model. Electron density in the magnetic jet model is sufficiently lower than in the hot fireball model. The matter effect on neutrinos can be used to distinguish these two models. The coherent effect of strongly lensed PeV neutrinos is also discussed. The average survival probability of strongly-lensed electron neutrinos in the normal and inverted hierarchical cases are presented. The results show that this coherent effect can be used to determine the hierarchical mass of neutrinos.
The use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for inventory and assessment of the experimental plantation in Lisino training and experimental forest of Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University
Authors: Alekseev A , Danilov Yu , Nikiforov A , Guzuk M , Kireev D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the article results of experimental plantation assessment and inventory made by UAV are presented. Plantation parameters such as the area, the length of the rows with planted trees, number of planted trees and trees heights was assessed both on ground and remotely. The aim of the research was to estimate systematic and random errors of estimations done by remote sensing method. The high resolution aerial photograph of the plantation established by 1997 was done by Geoscan 101 UAV. PhotoScan software was used for photogrammetric treatment of the obtained image. Multilevel special GIS was developed for plantation parameters calculations. As a result of the plantation parameters measurements made by remote sensing and ground method the following systematic and random errors was revealed: row length – systematic error as much as -6.9 meters, random 7.39 meter; trees height – systematic error as much as 0.4 meter, random 1.24 meter; number of trees – no any error. Taken into account the accuracy of used on UAV GPS positioning device which is as much as ±10 meter and also accuracy of ground measurements which was as much as ±5 meter we may conclude that remotely determined by using UAV plantation parameters are enough accurate and precise.
Potential reserves and development of non-wood forest resources
Authors: Gryazkin A , Bespalova V , Samsonova I , Belyaeva N , Belyaev V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the face of the global economy, the issue of the rational and cost-effective use of the available natural resources is growing more and more relevant. The international community has every reason to be worried. In particular, there is the threat of a significant degradation of the world’s forests, alongside a loss of unique biological systems, biodiversity and ecological situations. Amid the existing economic crisis, much less attention is being paid to this issue due to the lack of financial opportunities for particular states. However, Russia should pay special attention to these issues, as the country’s forests occupy vast areas. Given this situation, there are unlimited possibilities for the industrial harvesting of non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which can additionally bring an additional and significant amount of money to the state budget. These funds can then be allocated for addressing the economic and environmental problems of our modern society.
Intraspecific variability of apple tree by indicators of vegetative and generative organs
Authors: Bratilova N P , Moksina N V , Gerasimova O A 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article describes the results of the analysis of morphometric parameters of a leaf plate (leaf plate area, the mass of one leaf in completely dry state, mass of 1 cm² of leaf in completely dry state) and the fruits of large-fruited apple cultivars in the V. Krutovskiy Botanical Garden. A significant positive correlation was found for winter apple cultivars between the number of leaves on the annual sprout and the mass of fruits. The obtained results can be used when conducting a preliminary determination of the expected yield of apple trees. It has been established that the varietal belonging of an apple tree influences the ecological efficiency and productivity of an apple orchard. The cultivars acknowledged perspective on the characteristics studied are recommended to use for creating apple orchards in the given and similar climatic conditions.
Seed germination of woody and shrubby introduced species
Authors: Khudonogova E , Zatsepina O , Polovinkina S , Rachenko M , Tyapaeva M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article presents the research results of seed germination of woody and shrubby introduced species. Depending on the depth of dormancy, the studied plant species were divided into 3 groups. The first group includes plants with the absence of dormancy or with a short dormancy; the seeds of these species do not need stratification. The second group includes plants whose seeds are in a state of a rather long intermediate physiological dormancy; they need cold stratification. The organic dormancy period of plant seeds of the second group is different – from 25 to 160 days. As a rule, these are plants with a well-formed seed bud. The physiological dormancy of the seed bud and the inhibitory effect of its covers can be an obstacle to its formation. The third group includes plants whose seeds may not germinate for several years. As a rule, the seeds of these plants are in a state of a deep physiological or morphophysiological dormancy; multi-stage stratification is recommended for their germination. The introduced species of the third group are the most difficult to study since their seeds can belong to different variants of deep dormancy, which combines the physiological immaturity of different structures of the seed bud with the incomplete morphological maturity and exogenous dormancy.
On the structure of tree crown on the example of biennial shoot systems of Ulmus glabra Huds
Authors: Antonova I S , Televinova M S , Kremeneckaia M V , Bart V A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing the example of crowns ofUlmus glabraHuds. individuals of the virginal age state, the structure of biennial shoots systems (BSS), the occurrence of different types of them in the crown as a whole and in its different parts are analyzed. Identified features of the structure of the maternal shoot for three functionally different types of BSS: Filling-up, Growth, Basic and Narrow-Outline and Super-growth. Comprehensive analysis of morphology of the maternal axis and lateral shoots revealed the characteristics and enabled us to construct a discriminant function significantly separating the three types of BSS. The predictive accuracy of its classification by sample values is 94 percent. Special zones are identified on the maternal shoots of Growth and Basic BSS, which determine their difference and similarity. The fact that such zonality of the maternal shoot is determined only in the second year of his life corresponds to the idea of BSS as a single module of space-time aggregation in tree crown.
Methodical approach to increase efficiency of use of wood resource potential of the region
Authors: Medvedev S , Mokhirev A , Rjabova T 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the problems of increasing the efficiency of wood resources processing. It shows the developed methodical approach to increase the processing efficiency. It consists of five stages, which all are disclosed in detail providing examples. Approbation of the proposed approach justifies the expediency of its use and substantial economic benefits for wood processing enterprises.
Ecological consequences of the playgrounds’ reconstruction of specialized “Park-stadium Khimmash”, in Yekaterinburg
Authors: Atkina L , Mezenina O , Zhukova M , Lukin D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In connection with the World Cup in 2018 in the Russian Federation, including the qualifying matches of the World Championship in Yekaterinburg, the Government of the Sverdlovsk Regiondecided to place a training ground on the territory of the “Park-stadium Khimmash”. For this purpose, a sports field reconstruction project was created and implemented. The article is devoted to the assessment of negative consequences for plantings of the “Park-stadium Khimmash” in Yekaterinburg as a result of the construction, which led to the destruction of 388 trees, 95 of them are pine trees. The park historically originated on the site of a natural pine plantation. Cutting down so many trees led to further disintegration of the stand. According to the project, the replacement of felled large park trees of pine and birch by willow and apple trees is recommended, which led to the destruction of natural landscapes that have survived in the urban environment. At the same time, not only the aesthetic perception is worsened, but the ecological criteria of the industrial area of the city are also reduced. First of all, the oxygen-producing possibilities of the plantation decreased, which is reflected in the economic assessment of the consequences.