bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The proportion of weight gain due to change in fat mass in infants with vs without rapid growth
Authors: Johnson William , Nyati Lukhanyo H. , Ariff Shabina , Ahmad Tanvir , Byrne Nuala M. , Cheikh Ismail Leila I. , Costa Caroline S. , Demerath Ellen W. , Priscilla Divya J. , Hills Andrew P. , Kuriyan Rebecca , Kurpad Anura V. , Loechl Cornelia U. , Lucas M. Nishani , Santos Ina S. , Slater Christine , Wickramasinghe V. Pujitha , Norris Shane A. , Murphy-Alford Alexia J. ,   On behalf of the Multicenter Infant Body Composition Reference Study (MIBCRS)
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
There is extensive evidence that rapid infant weight gain increases the risk of childhood obesity, but this is normally based on childhood body mass index (BMI) only and whether or not this is because infants with rapid weight gain accrue greater fat mass is unknown.

Objective
The primary objective of our study was to test whether the proportion of infant weight gain due to concurrent increases in fat mass is greater in infants with rapid weight gain as compared to those with normal growth.

Methods
Body composition was assessed by (1) air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) at 0 and 6 months in 342 infants from Australia, India, and South Africa and (2) deuterium dilution (DD) at 3 and 24 months in 555 infants from Brazil, Pakistan, South Africa, and Sri Lanka. Weight gain and length growth were each categorized as slow, normal, or rapid using cut-offs of <−0.67 or >+0.67 Z-scores. Regression was used to estimate and contrast the percentages of weight change due to fat mass change.

Results
Approximately 40% of the average weight gain between 0 and 6 months and 20% of the average weight gain between 3 and 24 months was due to increase in fat mass. In both samples, compared to the normal group, the proportion of weight gain due to fat mass was higher on average among infants with rapid weight gain and lower among infants with slow weight gain, with considerable individual variability. Conversely, slow and rapid length growth was not associated with differential gains in fat mass.

Conclusions
Pediatricians should monitor infant growth with the understanding that, while crossing upward through the weight centiles generally is accompanied by greater adiposity gains (not just higher BMI), upward crossing through the length centiles is not.
Energetic and durable all-polymer aqueous battery for sustainable, flexible power
Authors: Hong Yang , Jia Kangkang , Zhang Yueyu , Li Ziyuan , Jia Junlin , Chen Jing , Liang Qimin , Sun Huarui , Gao Qiang , Zhou Dong , Li Ruhong , Dong Xiaoli , Fan Xiulin , He Sisi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAll-polymer aqueous batteries, featuring electrodes and electrolytes made entirely from polymers, advance wearable electronics through their processing ease, inherent safety, and sustainability. Challenges persist with the instability of polymer electrode redox products in aqueous environments, which fail to achieve high performance in all-polymer aqueous batteries. Here, we report a polymer-aqueous electrolyte designed to stabilize polymer electrode redox products by modulating the solvation layers and forming a solid-electrolyte interphase. Polyaniline is selected as an example for its dual functionality as a cathode or anode working by p/n doping mechanisms. This approach pioneers the application of polyaniline as an anode and enhances the high-voltage stability of polyaniline cathode in an aqueous electrolyte. The resulting all-polymer aqueous sodium-ion battery with polyaniline as symmetric electrodes exhibits a high capacity of 139 mAh/g, energy density of 153 Wh/kg, and a retention of over 92% after 4800 cycles. Spectroscopic characterizations have elucidated the hydration structure, solid-electrolyte interphase, and dual-ion doping mechanism. Large-scale all-polymer flexible batteries are fabricated with excellent flexibility and recyclability, heralding a paradigmatic approach to sustainable, wearable energy storage.
A bispecific CD40 agonistic antibody allowing for antibody-peptide conjugate formation to enable cancer-specific peptide delivery, resulting in improved T Cell proliferation and anti-tumor immunity in mice
Authors: Mebrahtu Aman , Laurén Ida , Veerman Rosanne , Akpinar Gözde Güclüler , Lord Martin , Kostakis Alexandros , Astorga-Wells Juan , Dahllund Leif , Olsson Anders , Andersson Oscar , Persson Jonathan , Persson Helena , Dönnes Pierre , Rockberg Johan , Mangsbo Sara 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCurrent antibody-based immunotherapy depends on tumor antigen shedding for proper T cell priming. Here we select a novel human CD40 agonistic drug candidate and generate a bispecific antibody, herein named BiA9*2_HF, that allows for rapid antibody-peptide conjugate formation. The format is designed to facilitate peptide antigen delivery to CD40 expressing cells combined with simultaneous CD40 agonistic activity. In vivo, the selected bispecific antibody BiA9*2_HF loaded with peptide cargos induces improved antigen-specific proliferation of CD8+ (10-15 fold) and CD4+ T cells (2-7 fold) over control in draining lymph nodes. In both virus-induced and neoantigen-based mouse tumor models, BiA9*2_HF demonstrates therapeutic efficacy and elevated safety profile, with complete tumor clearance, as well as measured abscopal impact on tumor growth. The BiA9*2_HF drug candidate can thus be utilized to tailor immunotherapeutics for cancer patients.
The Reliever Reliance Test: evaluating a new tool to address SABA over-reliance
Authors: Moon Zoe , Kaplan Alan , Mak Vincent , Nannini Luis , Winders Tonya , Chan Amy Hai Yan , Foot Holly , Horne Rob 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver-use of SABA is associated with poor asthma control and greater risk of exacerbations and death. Identifying and addressing the beliefs driving SABA over-reliance is key to reducing over-use. This study aimed to assess the utility, impact and acceptability of the Reliever Reliance Test (RRT), a brief patient self-test behaviour-change tool to identify and address SABA over-reliance. Patients with asthma who completed the RRT in Argentina were invited to an online survey exploring the acceptability of the RRT, and its impact on patients’ perceptions of SABA and intention to discuss asthma treatment with a doctor. 93 patients completed the questionnaire. The RRT classified 76/93 (82%) as medium-to-high risk of SABA over-reliance (a mindset where SABA is perceived as the most important aspect of asthma treatment), with 73% of these reporting SABA overuse (3 or more times a week). 75% intended to follow the RRT recommendations to review their asthma treatment with their doctor. The RRT is acceptable to patients and was effective at raising awareness of, identifying and addressing SABA over-reliance and encouraging patients to review their treatment with their doctor.
A reward self-bias leads to more optimal foraging for ourselves than others
Authors: Contreras-Huerta Luis Sebastian , Pisauro M. Andrea , Küchenhoff Svenja , Gekiere Arno , Le Heron Campbell , Lockwood Patricia L. , Apps Matthew A. J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeople are self-biased for rewards. We place a higher value on rewards if we receive them than if other people do. However, existing work has ignored one of the most powerful theorems from behavioural ecology of how animals seek resources in everyday life, the Marginal Value Theorem (MVT), which accounts for optimal behaviour for maximising resources intake rate. Does this self-bias help humans maximise rewards when foraging for their own benefit compared to foraging for the benefit of others? Participants had to decide when to leave patches where reward intake was gradually depleting, in environments with different average reward rates. Half of the time participants foraged for themselves, and in the other half they collected rewards for an anonymous stranger. The optimal MVT derived solution states people should leave when the instantaneous reward intake in a patch equals the average rate in an environment. Across two studies, people were more optimal when foraging for self, showing a reduced sensitivity to instantaneous rewards when foraging for other. Autistic traits were linked to reduced sensitivity to reward rates when foraging for self but not for other. These results highlight that the self-bias may be adaptive, helping people maximise reward intake.
A facile and green procedure in preparing dibenzo-chromeno-phenazine-diones using an effectual and recyclable Brønsted acidic ionic liquid
Authors: Hsu Chou-Yi , Abdulkareem Riyadh , Pallathadka Harikumar , Abbot Vikrant , Chahar Mamata , Abduvalieva Dilsora , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Altimari Usama S. , mhussan jabbar Abeer , Zwamel Ahmed Hussein 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFirst, a Brønsted acid ionic liquid (BAIL) in the role of a double acid-base called 1,3-n-propyl-bipyridinium bisulfonic acid-ditrifluoroacetate (PBPBSDT) was produced, and its skeleton was determined via TGA, mass, 13C NMR, 19F NMR, 1H NMR and FT-IR data. Further, it was successfully applied in the preparation of dibenzo-chromeno-phenazine-dione derivatives (1a-12a, 9–15 min, 90–98%) via one-pot multicomponent domino reaction among 2 mmol 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, 1 mmol benzene-1,2-diamine, and 1 mmol aldehydes under optimal conditions (5 mol% of PBPBSDT, solvent-free, 60 °C). The proper reproducibility of the PBPBSDT homogeneous catalyst (5 times), solvent-free medium, reasonable TON (Turnover Number) and TOF (Turnover Frequency) numbers, the non-metallic framework of the catalyst, and the formation of C-N, C = N, C-C, C = C, C-O bonds in a single operation are the distinct advantages of this protocol.
Development of an eco-friendly geopolymer mortar using slag and fly ash with high bentonite content for thermal and environmental applications
Authors: Ebrahim Aya allah M. , Ahmed Doaa A. , Abu-Elwafa Reham 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe construction industry is exploring the use of low-cost waste materials to create eco-friendly geopolymer mortar binders. Our study aims to develop various environmentally friendly geopolymer mortar mixes for thermal and adsorption applications using natural materials like bentonite and industrial by-products such as ground-granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash. Ternary geopolymer mortar pastes are prepared using equimolar amounts of slag (GBFS) and fly ash (FA), with 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% weight of bentonite (BC) from the total geopolymer weight to study the bentonite replacement effect. The prepared mortar are tested for their physico-chemical, mechanical, adsorption, and thermal stability properties (300 °C to 900 °C). The adsorption behavior of eco-friendly geopolymer mortar mixes against crystal violet dye in aqueous solutions is also identified. The study found that adding 6% bentonite to the slag/fly ash-based geopolymer mortar mix yielded the highest mechanical characteristics. Moreover, all the ternary geopolymer mortar mixes exhibited excellent thermal stability up to 900 °C. In adsorption study, the results indicated that the mortar mixes had excellent capacities and adhered well to the Freundlich isotherm model, suggesting potential applications in treating wastewater. Using bentonite in slag/fly ash geopolymer mortar offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and heat-resistant alternative to traditional cement binders.
Influence of physical activity on loneliness and depression among the older adults in Nigeria
Authors: Faronbi Joel O. , Ojewale Mariam O. , Faronbi Grace O. , Oladapo Olagbegi M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aims to determine the predictive influence of physical activities (PA) and evaluate the interactive effect of PA and loneliness on depression among older adults in Nigeria. Data was collected from 369 randomly selected older adults and analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression models. The result showed that that the predictors of depression were loneliness (OR = 4.59; p < 0.001), PA High (OR = 2.51; p = 0.008), Age 80–89(OR = 9.63; p < 0.001), education: Secondary (OR = 2.04; 0.049), religion (OR = 0.30; p 0 < 0.001) and living arrangement: Family (OR = 1.87; p = 0.037. The study further showed that there is an interactive effect of PA to reduce the odds of loneliness on depression (OR reduced from 4.59 to 3.40). The study concluded that the predictors of depression in this population are loneliness, physical activity, age, education, and religion while depression and the living arrangements are the predictors of loneliness among older adults.
Analysis of aging effects on the mechanical and vibration properties of quasi-isotropic basalt fiber-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Namrata B , Pai Yogeesha , Nair Vishnu G , Hegde Navya Thirumaleshwar , Pai Deepthi G 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEco-friendly natural fiber composites, such as basalt fiber composites, are gaining traction in material science but remain vulnerable to environmental degradation. This study investigates the mechanical and vibrational properties of quasi-isotropic basalt fiber composites subjected to aging in two different environments: ambient (30 ºC) and subzero (-10 ºC), both in distilled water until moisture saturation. Aged specimens absorbed 8.66% and 5.44% moisture in ambient and subzero conditions, respectively. Mechanical testing revealed significant strength reductions in tensile, flexural, impact, and short beam shear tests, with ambient-aged specimens showing the largest decline (up to 31.7% in flexural strength). Vibrational analysis showed reduced natural frequencies, particularly under ambient conditions (27.27%). Sound absorption tests showed that pristine specimens had the highest transmission loss, while moisture-rich ambient-aged specimens had the lowest. SEM analysis confirmed surface degradation, with fiber pull-out and matrix debonding contributing to property loss. This research provides valuable insights into the environmental limitations of basalt fiber composites, emphasizing the need for enhanced durability in eco-friendly materials.
VE-cadherin shedding in vitro and in patients with aortic aneurysm and dissection
Authors: Stammer Paul , Terhorst Inka , Guo Jiangang , Ibrahim Abdulhakim , Oberhuber Alexander , Eierhoff Thorsten 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVE-cadherin (VEC) is a major endothelial adhesion protein, which controls vascular homeostasis. During vascular diseases, VEC can be shed from the endothelial surface by proteases like ADAM10/17, which cleave the extracellular domain of VEC in response to inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α. The resulting, soluble fragments (sVEC) are discussed as a potential marker for endothelial barrier breakdown. However, its pathologic role or its potential as a specific biomarker for aortic diseases is yet unknown. Here we investigated the specificity and linkage of sVEC production with ADAM10/17 and TNF-α, both in vitro and in patients with aortic aneurysms and dissections, comparing the findings with those from patients with carotid stenosis and varicosis. Thereby, the baseline levels of sVEC, TNF-α, ADAM10 and Albumin was measured in clinical plasma samples and cell culture supernatants of human aortic endothelial cells (HAOEC) treated with TNF-α or ADAM10/17 inhibitors. The integrity of HAOEC monolayers was tested by permeability assays using Alexa488-conjugated dextran (10 kDa). Peripheral EDTA plasma samples taken preoperatively from patients ≥ 18 years of age that were diagnosed for aortic dissection (n = 29), aortic aneurysm (n = 76), carotid stenosis (n = 29) and varicose veins (n = 24) were included. In vitro shedding of VEC was induced by TNF-α and depends on ADAM10/17, which led to altered endothelial permeability. Absolute plasma sVEC levels in patients with aortic dissection (3016 ± 1008 ng/mL) and aneurysm (3288 ± 1376 ng/mL) were not statistically significantly different from patients with carotid stenosis (3013 ± 687.6 ng/mL) and varicose veins (3313 ± 1337 ng/mL). Plasma sVEC levels correlated positively with plasma TNF-α (r = 0.5586, p < 0.0001) and ADAM10 (r = 0.7003, p < 0.0001) levels with the highest degree of correlation between ADAM10 and sVEC for chronic aortic dissection (r = 0.7890, p = 0.0013), reflecting TNF-α and ADAM10 dependency of VEC shedding. In summary, VEC shedding and (plasma) sVEC levels are influenced by TNF-α and ADAM10/17 and could play a relevant role in the specific pathophysiological context of aortic diseases.
Multi-modal representation learning in retinal imaging using self-supervised learning for enhanced clinical predictions
Authors: Sükei Emese , Rumetshofer Elisabeth , Schmidinger Niklas , Mayr Andreas , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Klambauer Günter , Bogunović Hrvoje 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSelf-supervised learning has become the cornerstone of building generalizable and transferable artificial intelligence systems in medical imaging. In particular, contrastive representation learning techniques trained on large multi-modal datasets have demonstrated impressive capabilities of producing highly transferable representations for different downstream tasks. In ophthalmology, large multi-modal datasets are abundantly available and conveniently accessible as modern retinal imaging scanners acquire both 2D fundus images and 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to assess the eye. In this context, we introduce a novel multi-modal contrastive learning-based pipeline to facilitate learning joint representations for the two retinal imaging modalities. After self-supervised pre-training on 153,306 scan pairs, we show that such a pre-training framework can provide both a retrieval system and encoders that produce comprehensive OCT and fundus image representations that generalize well for various downstream tasks on three independent external datasets, explicitly focusing on clinically pertinent prediction tasks. In addition, we show that interchanging OCT with lower-cost fundus imaging can preserve the predictive power of the trained models.
Assessing the ability of GPT-4o to visually recognize medications and provide patient education
Authors: Bazzari Amjad H. , Bazzari Firas H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVarious studies have investigated the ability of ChatGPT (OpenAI) to provide medication information; however, a new promising feature has now been added, which allows visual input and is yet to be evaluated. Here, we aimed to qualitatively assess its ability to visually recognize medications, through medication picture input, and provide patient education via written and visual output. The responses were evaluated by accuracy, precision and clarity using a 4-point Likert-like scale. In regards to handling visual input and providing written responses, GPT-4o was able to recognize all 20 tested medications from packaging pictures, even with blurring, retrieve their active ingredients, identify formulations and dosage forms and provide detailed, yet concise enough, patient education in an almost completely accurate, precise and clear manner with a score of 3.55 ± 0.605 (85%). In contrast, the visual output through GPT-4o generated images illustrating usage instructions contained many errors that would either hinder the effectiveness of the medication or cause direct harm to the patient with a poor score of 1.5 ± 0.577 (16.7%). In conclusion, GPT-4o is capable of identifying medications from pictures and exhibits contrasting patient education performance between written and visual output with very impressive and poor scores, respectively.
Three-dimensional localization and tracking of chromosomal loci throughout the Escherichia coli cell cycle
Authors: Karempudi Praneeth , Gras Konrad , Amselem Elias , Zikrin Spartak , Schirman Dvir , Elf Johan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe intracellular position of genes may impact their expression, but it has not been possible to accurately measure the 3D position of chromosomal loci. In 2D, loci can be tracked using arrays of DNA-binding sites for transcription factors (TFs) fused with fluorescent proteins. However, the same 2D data can result from different 3D trajectories. Here, we have developed a deep learning method for super-resolved astigmatism-based 3D localization of chromosomal loci in live E. coli cells which enables a precision better than 61 nm at a signal-to-background ratio of ~4 on a heterogeneous cell background. Determining the spatial localization of chromosomal loci, we find that some loci are at the periphery of the nucleoid for large parts of the cell cycle. Analyses of individual trajectories reveal that these loci are subdiffusive both longitudinally (x) and radially (r), but that individual loci explore the full radial width on a minute time scale.
Synthetic studies on the tetrasubstituted D-ring of cystobactamids lead to potent terephthalic acid antibiotics
Authors: Stappert Moritz , Kohnhäuser Daniel , Seedorf Tim , Coetzee Janetta , Rox Katharina , Fuchs Hazel L. S. , Cirnski Katarina , Leitner Christian , Herrmann Jennifer , Kirschning Andreas , Müller Rolf , Brönstrup Mark 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNovel scaffolds for broad-spectrum antibiotics are rare and in strong demand because of the increase in antimicrobial resistance. The cystobactamids, discovered from myxobacterial sources, have a unique hexapeptidic scaffold with five arylamides and possess potent, resistance-breaking properties. This study investigates the role of the central D-ring pharmacophore in cystobactamids, a para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) moiety that is additionally substituted by hydroxy and isopropoxy functions. We varied the two oxygenated substituents and replaced both amide connectors with bioisosteres. Synthetic routes were developed that included metal-mediated aromatic functionalization or heterocycle formations, leading to 19 novel analogues. The antibiotic efficacy of all analogues was determined against bacteria from the ESKAPE pathogen panel. While the replacement and the repositioning of hydroxy and isopropoxy substituents was not advantageous, exchanging PABA by terephthalic acid amides led to the highly potent analogue 42 with broad-spectrum activity, insensitivity towards AlbD-mediated degradation and promising pharmacokinetic properties in mice. The study highlights the steep structure-activity relationships in the tetrasubstituted D-ring and a surprisingly favorable reversion of the amide connecting C and D.
Cystic fibrosis sputum media induces an overall loss of antibiotic susceptibility in Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Baker Emily J. , Allcott Gemma , Molloy Antonia , Cox Jonathan A. G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMycobacterium abscessus complex (MABSC) comprises a group of environmental microorganisms, which are a concerning cause of opportunistic respiratory infections in patients with cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis. Only 45.6% of MABSC treatments are successful, and therefore this is a need to discover new antimicrobials that can treat these pathogens. However, the transferability of outcomes to the clinic is flawed by an inability to accurately represent the lung environment within the laboratory. Herein, we apply two preestablished formulations of sputum media (ACFS and SCFM1) to MABSC antibiotic susceptibility testing. Using conventional broth microdilution, we have observed strain and antibiotic dependent alterations in antimicrobial sensitivity in each sputum media compared standard laboratory media (7H9), with an overall reduction in susceptibility within the physiologically relevant conditions. We provide a timely contribution to the field of M. abscessus antibiotic discovery by emphasising the need for improved physiological relevance.