bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing loss and incident psychosis in later life: The Health in Men Study (HIMS)
Authors: Almeida Osvaldo P. , Ford Andrew H. , Hankey Graeme J. , Yeap Bu B. , Golledge Jonathan , Flicker Leon 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo determine if hearing loss is associated with increased risk of incident psychosis in later life.MethodsLongitudinal cohort study of a community‐representative sample of 38 173 men aged 65 to 85 years at the start of the follow‐up period of 18 years. We used the Western Australian Data Linkage System to ascertain the presence of hearing loss and of psychotic disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) (versions 8, 9, and 10). We also collected information on concurrent morbidities: cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and renal systems.ResultsOne thousand four hundred forty‐two (3.8%) and 464 (1.2%) men had a recorded diagnosis of hearing loss and psychosis at the start of follow‐up. After excluding the 464 participants with prevalent psychosis, 37 709 men were available for the longitudinal study, and of these, 252 (0.7%) developed a psychotic disorder. Competing risk regression showed that hearing loss was associated incident psychosis (subhazard ratio = 2.03, 95% CI, 1.24‐3.32; after statistical adjustment for age and concurrent morbidities).ConclusionsHearing loss is associated with double the risk of incident psychosis in older men. Available evidence suggests that this link could be causal, although conclusive evidence is still missing from randomized controlled trials designed to test the effect of correction of hearing loss on the prevalence and incidence of psychosis.
Using electronic health records to estimate the prevalence of agitation in Alzheimer disease/dementia
Authors: Halpern Rachel , Seare Jerald , Tong Junliang , Hartry Ann , Olaoye Anthony , Aigbogun Myrlene Sanon 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundAgitation is a common neuropsychiatric symptom of Alzheimer disease (AD). Data are scarce regarding agitation prevalence among community‐dwelling patients with AD.ObjectiveTo estimate agitation prevalence in a sample of US patients with AD/dementia overall and by AD/dementia disease severity, using data from electronic health records (EHR).MethodsThis retrospective database study examined community‐dwelling patients with ≥1 EHR record indicating AD/dementia from January 2008 to June 2015 and no evidence of non‐Alzheimer dementia during the 12‐month preindex and postindex periods. Agitation was identified using diagnosis codes for dementia with behavioral disturbance and EHR abstracted notes records indicating agitation symptoms compiled from the International Psychogeriatric Association provisional consensus definition.ResultsOf 320 886 eligible patients (mean age, 76.4 y, 64.7% female), 143 160 (44.6%) had evidence of agitation during the observation period. Less than 5% of patients with agitation had a diagnosis code for behavioral disturbance. The most prevalent symptom categories among patients with agitation, preindex and postindex, were agitation (31.4% and 41.3%), falling (22.6% and 21.7%), and restlessness (18.3% and 23.3%). Among the 78 827 patients (24.6%) with known AD/dementia severity, agitation prevalence was 61.3%. Agitation during the observation period was most prevalent for moderate‐to‐severe and severe AD/dementia (74.6% and 68.3%, respectively) and lowest for mild AD/dementia (56.4%).ConclusionsAgitation prevalence was 44.6% overall and 61.3% among patients with staged AD/dementia. Behavioral disturbance appeared to be underdiagnosed. While agitation has previously been shown to be highly prevalent in the long‐term care setting, this study indicates that it is also common among community‐dwelling patients.
Neuronal dynamics enable the functional differentiation of resting state networks in the human brain
Authors: Marino Marco , Liu Quanying , Samogin Jessica , Tecchio Franca , Cottone Carlo , Mantini Dante , Porcaro Camillo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntrinsic brain activity is organized in spatial–temporal patterns, called resting‐state networks (RSNs), exhibiting specific structural–functional architecture. These networks presumably reflect complex neurophysiological processes and have a central role in distinct perceptual and cognitive functions. In this work, we propose an innovative approach for characterizing RSNs according to their underlying neural oscillations. We investigated specific electrophysiological properties, including spectral features, fractal dimension, and entropy, associated with eight core RSNs derived from high‐density electroencephalography (EEG) source‐reconstructed signals. Specifically, we found higher synchronization of the gamma‐band activity and higher fractal dimension values in perceptual (PNs) compared with higher cognitive (HCNs) networks. The inspection of this underlying rapid activity becomes of utmost importance for assessing possible alterations related to specific brain disorders. The disruption of the coordinated activity of RSNs may result in altered behavioral and perceptual states. Thus, this approach could potentially be used for the early detection and treatment of neurological disorders.
Beware detrending: Optimal preprocessing pipeline for low‐frequency fluctuation analysis
Authors: Woletz Michael , Hoffmann André , Tik Martin , Sladky Ronald , Lanzenberger Rupert , Robinson Simon , Windischberger Christian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) offers the possibility to assess brain function independent of explicit tasks and individual performance. This absence of explicit stimuli in rs‐fMRI makes analyses more susceptible to nonneural signal fluctuations than task‐based fMRI. Data preprocessing is a critical procedure to minimise contamination by artefacts related to motion and physiology. We herein investigate the effects of different preprocessing strategies on the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) and its fractional counterpart, fractional ALFF (fALFF). Sixteen artefact reduction schemes based on nuisance regression are applied to data from 82 subjects acquired at 1.5 T, 30 subjects at 3 T, and 23 subjects at 7 T, respectively. In addition, we examine test–retest variance and effects of bias correction. In total, 569 data sets are included in this study. Our results show that full artefact reduction reduced test–retest variance by up to 50%. Polynomial detrending of rs‐fMRI data has a positive effect on group‐level t‐values for ALFF but, importantly, a negative effect for fALFF. We show that the normalisation process intrinsic to fALFF calculation causes the observed reduction and introduce a novel measure for low‐frequency fluctuations denoted as high‐frequency ALFF (hfALFF). We demonstrate that hfALFF values are not affected by the negative detrending effects seen in fALFF data. Still, highest grey matter (GM) group‐level t‐values were obtained for fALFF data without detrending, even when compared to an exploratory detrending approach based on autocorrelation measures. From our results, we recommend the use of full nuisance regression including polynomial detrending in ALFF data, but to refrain from using polynomial detrending in fALFF data. Such optimised preprocessing increases GM group‐level t‐values by up to 60%.
Extending Formal Modeling for Resilient Systems Design
Authors: Madni Azad M. , Sievers Michael , Madni Ayesha , Ordoukhanian Edwin , Pouya Parisa 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTResilience is a much‐needed characteristic in systems that are expected to operate in uncertain environments for extended periods with a high likelihood of disruptive events. Resilience approaches today employ ad hoc methods and piece‐meal solutions that are difficult to verify and test, and do not scale. Furthermore, it is difficult to assess the long‐term impact of such ad hoc “resilience solutions.” This paper presents a flexible contract‐based approach that employs a combination of formal methods for verification and testing and flexible assertions and probabilistic modelling to handle uncertainty during mission execution. A flexible contract (FC) is a hybrid modelling construct that facilitates system verification and testing while offering the requisite flexibility to cope with non‐determinism. This paper illustrates the use of FCs for multi‐UAV swarm control in, partially observable, dynamic environments. However, the approach is sufficiently general for use in other domains such as self‐driving vehicle and adaptive power/energy grids.
Thermo‐modulated Hela cell release from an elastic and biocompatible hydrogel
Authors: You Yujing , Tang Chenhao , Zhang Gang , Jiang Zhiqiang , Lv Zhongda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCell growth and release from the hydrogel scaffolds are critical steps in cell culture and cell therapies. Herein a double network hydrogel with one thermosensitive P(AEtMA‐Cl‐DEAEA) network and the other polyacrylamide network is reported. The diad hydrogel is elastic and maintains its structural integrity under large deformation. BSA is adsorbed onto the hydrogel at body temperature and subsequently released from the hydrogel at lower temperature. Hela cells proliferate on the hydrogel scaffolds at 37°C. When the scaffold is incubated at low temperature (20°C), 32.6% ± 6.4% of its population are detached from the scaffolds. The detached cells remain active in cell culture. This hydrogel with excellent mechanical properties and unique biological function has promising biomedical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1786–1791, 2019.
Evaluation of antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of 1,2‐bis (p‐amino‐phenoxy) ethane derivative Schiff bases and metal complexes
Authors: Parlak Akif Evren , Cakmak Haluk , Sandal Suleyman , Yılmaz Bayram , Sekerci Memet , Karagöz Genc Zuhal , Tuzcu Mehmet , Karatepe Mustafa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, the effects of the two Schiff base derivatives and their metal complexes were tested for MDA concentration, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin C levels in cell culture. A comparison was performed among the groups and it was observed that MDA, vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin C concentrations were statistically changed. According to the results, all compounds caused a significant oxidative stress without Zn complexes. Moreover, Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Ni(II) complexes of Schiff bases derived from a condensation of 1,2‐bis (p‐aminophenoxy) ethane with naphthaldehydes and 4‐methoxy benzaldehyde were examined in terms of antitumor activity against MCF‐7 human breast cancer and L1210 murine leukemia cells. Furthermore, the derivatives were tested for antioxidative and prooxidative effects on MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. The compounds which were tested revealed that there was an antitumor activity for MCF‐7 and L 1210 cancer cells. Also, some of the compounds induced oxidative harmful.
Biological evaluation of some quinoline derivatives with different functional groups as anticancer agents
Authors: Köprülü Tuğba Kul , Ökten Salih , Tekin Şaban , Çakmak Osman 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDue to a great deal of biological activities, quinoline derivatives have drawn attention for synthesis and biological activities in the search for new anticancer drug development. In this work, a variety of substituted (phenyl, nitro, cyano, N‐oxide, and methoxy) quinoline derivatives (3‐13) were tested in vitro for their biological activity against cancer cell lines, including rat glioblastoma (C6), human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and human adenocarcinoma (HT29). 6‐Bromo‐5‐nitroquinoline (4), and 6,8‐diphenylquinoline (compound 13) showed the greatest antiproliferative activity as compared with the reference drug, 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), while the other compounds showed low antiproliferative activity. 6‐Bromo‐5‐nitroquinoline (4) possesses lower cytotoxic activity than 5‐FU in HT29 cell line. Due to its the apoptotic activity 6‐Bromo‐5‐nitroquinoline (4) has the potential to cause cancer cell death.
Fisetin induces apoptosis in breast cancer MDA‐MB‐453 cells through degradation of HER2/neu and via the PI3K/Akt pathway
Authors: Guo Gang , Zhang Wenjie , Dang Minyan , Yan Mingzhu , Chen Zheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOverexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is observed in breast cancer. The major snag faced by the human population is the development of chemoresistance to HER2 inhibitors by advanced stage breast cancer cells. Moreover, recent researchers focussed on fisetin as an antiproliferative and chemotherapeutic agent. Therefore, this study was intended to analyze the effects of fisetin on HER2/neu‐overexpressing breast cancer cell lines. Our results depicted that fisetin induced apoptosis of these cells by various mechanisms, such as inactivation of the receptor, induction of proteasomal degradation, decreasing its half‐life, decreasing enolase phosphorylation, and alteration of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt signaling.
Lidocaine inhibits melanoma cell proliferation by regulating ERK phosphorylation
Authors: Chen Jun , Jiao Zhihua , Wang Aizhong , Zhong Wenhui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe melanoma is responsible for the majority of all skin cancer–related deaths worldwide. Evidence suggests that local anesthetics provide some benefit in the treatment of cancer via inhibition of cellular proliferation, invasion and migration. However, the potential antiproliferative effects of local anesthetics in the treatment of melanoma remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects and underlying mechanism of the commonly used local anesthetic (lidocaine) on melanoma cells. A375 melanoma cells were treated by lidocaine or vemurafenib. Cell Counting Kit‐8, histological staining, flow cytometric analysis, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot analyses were carried out to test the effects of lidocaine and vemurafenib on A375 cells. BALB/C‐nu/nu mice intraperitoneally injected with A375 cells were treated by lidocaine, and then tumor volume and weight were calculated. Lidocaine exhibited vemurafenib‐like effects totally. Lidocaine inhibited A375 melanoma cell proliferation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and colony formation also showed a dose‐dependent inhibition. Lidocaine treatment resulted in the arrest of cell‐cycle progression in the G1 phase and inhibited Ki‐67 expression in a dose‐dependent manner. This effect was associated with inhibited extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In vivo experiments revealed that intravenous injections of lidocaine suppressed tumor volume and weight. Lidocaine inhibits melanoma cell proliferation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner via a mechanism that may involve inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway. Thus, lidocaine may provide some benefit for the treatment of melanoma.
Engaging with the affiliative system through mindfulness: The impact of the different types of positive affect in psychosis
Authors: Martins M.J. , Marques C. , Barreto Carvalho C. , Macedo A. , Pereira A.T. , Castilho P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to explore associations between positive and negative symptoms, mindfulness, positive affect, and social safeness; and to understand the mediator role of positive emotions in the relationship between mindfulness and social safeness.MethodFifty‐six participants with a psychotic disorder were assessed with measures of mindfulness, negative and positive symptoms, positive affect, and social safeness.ResultsAll variables were associated with each other except for positive symptoms and active affect. Mindfulness predicted social safeness through safe affect, when controlling for positive and negative symptoms.ConclusionsThis study contributes to knowledge of mechanisms behind social safeness adding the role of mindfulness and activation of positive emotions. The continuing study of mindfulness as an important mechanism for social safeness will allow further improvement of interventions for psychosis.
Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in sludge extract from resorcinol‐rich wastewater: the removal and inhibitory effect of sludge toxicity
Authors: Chen Xiurong , Zhou Tianjun , Wang Xiaoxiao , Xu Peng , Yang Chenchen , Sun Xiaoli , Lu Quanling , Wang Shanshan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris present in toxic sludge extract from resorcinol‐rich wastewater was investigated to simultaneously determine the biomass production and toxicity removal.RESULTSA comparison of the blank and the toxic sludge extract revealed that the sludge toxicity originating from the degradation of resorcinol was highly correlated to the mass fraction at 5000–10000 Da (R = 0.987, P = 0.013) and led to a decline in biomass (1.49 g L−1 to 1.36 g L−1 in 30 days) along with a reduced utilization rate of organics in the sludge extract, especially in the early stage (0–5 days) of culture. The effects of sludge toxicity were characterized by the downregulation of proteins associated with carbon (C) metabolism and the upregulation of proteins involved in photoreaction by proteomics.CONCLUSIONThe sludge toxicity directly caused a decline in biomass production of C. vulgaris resulting from the downregulation of C metabolism. However, the promotion of biomass for heterotrophism was more significant than the inhibitory effect in the toxic sludge extract when compared with BG11 medium. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Fast free of acrylamide clearing tissue (FACT) for clearing, immunolabelling and three‐dimensional imaging of partridge tissues
Authors: Mohammad Rezazadeh Farzad , Saedi Saman , Rahmanifar Farhad , Namavar Mohammad Reza , Dianatpour Mehdi , Tanideh Nader , Akhlaghi Amir , Niazi Ali , Arabi Monfared Ali , Tsutsui Kazuyoshi , Jafarzadeh Shirazi Mohammad Reza , Tamadon Amin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFast free of acrylamide clearing tissue (FACT) is a modified sodium dodecyl sulfate‐based clearing protocol for the chemical clearing of lipids that completely preserves fluorescent signals in the cleared tissues. The FACT protocol was optimized to image translucent immunostained brain and non‐nervous tissues. For this purpose adult male Chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) was used as a model. After clearing the tissues, 1 or 2 mm‐thickness sections of tissues were immunolabeled. The paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus (2‐mm section) was cleared with FACT, and then was stained with gonadotropin‐inhibitory hormone (GnIH) antibody and Hoechst. Simultaneously, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of cryosectioned brain (30 μm) was done by GnIH‐antibody. The FACT protocol and staining of cell nuclei of nine other tissues were done by a z‐stack motorized fluorescent microscope. GnIH‐immunoreactive neurons were found by FACT and IHC during the breeding season in male partridges. Deep imaging of the kidney, duodenum, jejunum, lung, pancreas, esophagus, skeletal muscle, trachea, and testis were also done. The FACT protocol can be used for the three‐dimensional imaging of various tissues and immunostained evaluation of protein markers.Research highlight

The FACT is a simple and cheap method for whole tissue clearing.
The FACT‐cleared tissues can be imaged with simple fluorescent microscopes.
For the first time, using the FACT, three‐dimensional imaging of various tissues was done.
Accuracy and precision of proton density fat fraction measurement across field strengths and scan intervals: A phantom and human study
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Cho Hyo Jung , Kim Bohyun , You Myung‐Won , Lee Jei Hee , Huh Jimi , Kim Jai Keun 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundComplex‐based chemical shift imaging‐based magnetic resonance imaging (CSE‐MRI) is emerging as a preferred method for noninvasively quantifying proton density fat fraction (PDFF), a promising quantitative imaging biomarker (QIB) for longitudinal hepatic steatosis measurement.PurposeTo determine linearity, bias, repeatability, and reproducibility of the PDFF measurement using CSE‐MRI (CSE‐PDFF) across scan intervals, MR field strengths, and readers in phantom and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.Study TypeInstitutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved prospective.SubjectsFat‐water phantom and 20 adult patients.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T and 3.0 T MR systems and a commercially available CSE‐MRI sequence (IDEAL‐IQ).AssessmentTwo independent readers measured CSE‐PDFF of fat‐water phantom and NAFLD patients across two field strengths and scan intervals (same‐day and 2‐week) each and in a combination of both. MR spectroscopy‐based PDFF (MRS‐PDFF) was used as the reference standard for phantom PDFF.Statistical TestsLinearity and bias of measurement were evaluated by linear regression analysis and Bland–Altman plots, respectively. Repeatability and reproducibility were assessed by coefficient of variance and repeatability / reproducibility coefficients (RC). The intraclass correlation coefficient was used to validate intra‐ and interobserver agreements.ResultsCSE‐PDFF showed high linearity and small bias (–0.6–0.4 PDFF%) with 95% limits of agreement within ±2.9 PDFF% across field strengths, 2‐week interscan period, and readers in the clinical scans. CSE‐PDFF was highly repeatable and reproducible both in phantom and clinical scans, with the largest observed RC across field strengths and 2‐week interscan period being 3 PDFF%.Data ConclusionCSE‐PDFF is a robust QIB with high linearity, small bias, and excellent repeatability/reproducibility. A change of more than 3 PDFF% across field strengths within 2 weeks of scan interval likely reflects a true change, which is well within the clinically acceptable range.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:305–314.
Revealing the regional distribution of soybean lunasin content in China and the effects of climate factors by sampling extensively
Authors: Zhu Yingying , Song Wenwen , Everaert Nadia , Shi Zhenxing , Han Tianfu , Ren Guixing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDLunasin is a novel therapeutic peptide that was initially isolated from soybean. In this study, we quantified the variations in lunasin content in a total of 413 soybean samples that were collected from four major regions in China and harvested in 2014 and 2015 to reveal the regional distribution of soybean lunasin content in China and the effects of climate factors.RESULTSThe results showed that the cultivar Changmidou 30 collected from Jilin province and harvested in 2015 had the highest lunasin content (3.25 g kg−1 dry seeds). The data from both 2014 and 2015 showed that the lunasin content in soybean collected from northern China was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that from south China. There was a positive correlation (P < 0.01) between lunasin content and hours of sunshine (HS) as well as diurnal temperature range (DTR); however, there was a negative correlation (P < 0.01) between lunasin content and rainfall (RF). In addition, combined analysis of data from 2014 and 2015 demonstrated that DTR was the dominant factor that affected lunasin content with a direct path‐coefficient of 0.301.CONCLUSIONSThese results were anticipated to contribute to guiding the cultivation of soybean with high lunasin content. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry