bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testicular endothelial cells are a critical population in the germline stem cell niche
Authors: Bhang Dong Ha , Kim Bang-Jin , Kim Byung Gak , Schadler Keri , Baek Kwan-Hyuck , Kim Yong Hee , Hsiao Wayland , Ding Bi-Sen , Rafii Shahin , Weiss Mitchell J. , Chou Stella T. , Kolon Thomas F. , Ginsberg Jill P. , Ryu Buom-Yong , Ryeom Sandra 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMaintenance of adult tissues depends on stem cell self-renewal in local niches. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) are germline adult stem cells necessary for spermatogenesis and fertility. We show that testicular endothelial cells (TECs) are part of the SSC niche producing glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and other factors to support human and mouse SSCs in long-term culture. We demonstrate that FGF-2 binding to FGFR1 on TECs activates the calcineurin pathway to produce GDNF. Comparison of the TEC secretome to lung and liver endothelial cells identified 5 factors sufficient for long-term maintenance of human and mouse SSC colonies in feeder-free cultures. Male cancer survivors after chemotherapy are often infertile since SSCs are highly susceptible to cytotoxic injury. Transplantation of TECs alone restores spermatogenesis in mice after chemotherapy-induced depletion of SSCs. Identifying TECs as a niche population necessary for SSC self-renewal may facilitate fertility preservation for prepubertal boys diagnosed with cancer.
Effect of hydrophobic cations on the oxygen reduction reaction on single‒crystal platinum electrodes
Authors: Kumeda Tomoaki , Tajiri Hiroo , Sakata Osami , Hoshi Nagahiro , Nakamura Masashi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHighly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction are essential for the widespread and economically viable use of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Here we report the oxygen reduction reaction activities of single‒crystal platinum electrodes in acidic solutions containing tetraalkylammonium cations with different alkyl chain lengths. The high hydrophobicity of a tetraalkylammonium cation with a longer alkyl chain enhances the oxygen reduction reaction activity. The activity on Pt(111) in the presence of tetra‒n‒hexylammonium cation is eight times as high as that without this cation, which is comparable to the activities on Pt3Co(111) and Pt3Ni(111) electrodes. Hydrophobic cations and their hydration shells destabilize the adsorbed hydroxide and adsorbed water. The hydrophobic characteristics of non‒specifically adsorbed cations can prevent the adsorption of poisoning species on the platinum electrode and form a highly efficient interface for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Analysis of influencing factors on soil Zn content using generalized additive model
Authors: Jiang Yan , Gao Wen-Wu , Zhao Jin-Ling , Chen Qian , Liang Dong , Xu Chao , Huang Lin-Sheng , Ruan Li-Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSoil zinc (Zn) plays a crucial role in plant growth, but excessive accumulation in the environment may lead to air, water and soil pollution. It is affected by various chemical, environmental and spatial factors. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors influencing Zn content in the landscape. The main motivation for this study is to determine the suitability of a generalized additive model (GAM) to describe change in soil Zn content due to influencing factors. A total of 1497 soil nutrient samples were collected in Fangshan District, Beijing, China. Organic matter (OM), available phosphorus (AP), available potassium (AK), alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AHN) and slowly available potassium (SAK) are considered. The relationship between Zn, nutrients and geographic location (latitude & longitude) is investigated using the GAM. More precisely, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) is used to select influencing factors on Zn content and cross-validated to avoid overfitting of the multivariate model. The results show that Zn content reaches its maximum at latitude 39.8°N and longitude 115.9°E. Zinc content increases as AP increases to 150 mg/kg. When OM content is greater than 90 g/kg, Zinc content decreases with an increase in OM content. Factors that affected Zn content, in descending order of significance derived from deviance explained and adjustment coefficient of determination (Adj.R2) were AP, latitude, AHN, AK and OM. Moreover, the interactions between latitude and longitude, AHN and AP, OM and AK have significant impact on Zn.
Disrupted prefrontal functional connectivity during post-stress adaption in high ruminators
Authors: Rosenbaum David , Hilsendegen Paula , Thomas Mara , Haeussinger Florian B. , Nuerk Hans-Christoph , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Nieratschker Vanessa , Ehlis Ann-Christine , Metzger Florian G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRumination is a perseverative thinking style that is associated with adverse mental and physical health. Stressful situations have been considered as a trigger for this kind of thinking. Until today, there are mixed findings with respect to the relations of functional connectivity (FC) and rumination. The study at hand aimed to investigate, in how far high and low ruminators would show elevated levels of state rumination after a stress induction and if these changes would show corresponding changes in FC in the cognitive control network (CCN) and dorsal attention network (DAN). 23 high and 22 low trait ruminators underwent resting-state measurements before and after a stress induction with the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Changes in rsFC through the TSST were measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy within and between regions of the CCN. Stress successfully induced state rumination in both groups but stronger in the high trait ruminators. High trait ruminators showed elevated FC within the CCN at baseline, but attenuated increase in FC following the TSST. Increases in FC correlated negatively with state rumination. A lack of FC reactivity within the CCN in high ruminators might reflect reduced network integration between brain regions necessary for emotion regulation and cognitive control.
Ars2 promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in glioblastoma through regulating miR-6798-3p
Authors: Chen Yibiao , Hu Xiaoye , Li Yunong , Zhang Hongwei , Fu Ruoqiu , Liu Yanxia , Hu Jinjiao , Deng Qin , Luo Qingsong , Zhang Dunke , Gao Ning , Cui Hongjuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractArsenic resistance protein 2 (Ars2) is a component of the nuclear RNA cap-binding complex (CBC) that is important for some microRNA biogenesis and it is critical for cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. However, mechanism of Ars2-regulated cellular proliferation and tumorigenicity in glioblastoma has not been fully understood. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of Ars2, p53, p21, and cleavage/activation of caspases-3 (C-Caspase 3). Microarray and Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed to identify the Ars2-regulated microRNAs. Apoptosis assessed by flow cytometry analysis was used to evaluate the role of Ars2 in cells proliferation. The lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown approach was conducted to determine the function of Ars2. The orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft was used to demonstrate the role of Ars2 in glioblastoma growth in vivo. The high expression of Ars2 was observed in several glioblastoma cell lines and was significantly associated with poorer overall survival. Importantly, the overexpression of Ars2 promoted cell proliferation and colony formation in glioblastoma cells, whereas the depletion of Ars2 inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumor growth. Mechanistic study revealed that knockdown of Ars2 reduced the expression levels of miR-6798-3p, which was responsible for the up-regulation of p53 and p21, leading to apoptosis. Furthermore, the knockdown of Ars2 suppressed tumor growth in orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model and significantly prolonged the survival time of the tumor-bearing mice. These findings identify a critical role for Ars2 in regulation of proliferation and tumorigenicity in glioblastoma and suggest that Ars2 could be a critical therapeutic target for glioblastoma intervention.
A radiogenomic dataset of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Bakr Shaimaa , Gevaert Olivier , Echegaray Sebastian , Ayers Kelsey , Zhou Mu , Shafiq Majid , Zheng Hong , Benson Jalen Anthony , Zhang Weiruo , Leung Ann N. C. , Kadoch Michael , Hoang Chuong D. , Shrager Joseph , Quon Andrew , Rubin Daniel L. , Plevritis Sylvia K. , Napel Sandy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMedical image biomarkers of cancer promise improvements in patient care through advances in precision medicine. Compared to genomic biomarkers, image biomarkers provide the advantages of being non-invasive, and characterizing a heterogeneous tumor in its entirety, as opposed to limited tissue available via biopsy. We developed a unique radiogenomic dataset from a Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cohort of 211 subjects. The dataset comprises Computed Tomography (CT), Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT images, semantic annotations of the tumors as observed on the medical images using a controlled vocabulary, and segmentation maps of tumors in the CT scans. Imaging data are also paired with results of gene mutation analyses, gene expression microarrays and RNA sequencing data from samples of surgically excised tumor tissue, and clinical data, including survival outcomes. This dataset was created to facilitate the discovery of the underlying relationship between tumor molecular and medical image features, as well as the development and evaluation of prognostic medical image biomarkers.
Methane transport in agricultural soil after injection of isotopically-enriched methane in the sub-surface
Authors: Shaw George , Atkinson Brian , Meredith William , Snape Colin , Lever David , Hoch Andrew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSmall quantities of radioactive methane (14CH4) may be released over prolonged periods from geological disposal facilities for radioactive waste. The impact of this release depends on the capacity of soil to oxidise 14CH4 to 14CO2 during transport from the sub-surface to the atmosphere. We investigated this capacity by pulse-injecting isotopically-enriched methane 50 cm below the surface of an agricultural soil in central England. Three sequential injections were made during growth of a spring wheat crop. Samples of gas were taken from the pore space throughout the soil profile at predetermined time points after injection, accompanied by samples of the atmosphere above the soil collected in sampling chambers, deployed at scheduled intervals. Methane and CO2 were measured in soil and above-ground gas using gas chromatography; the isotopic composition of CH4 and CO2 was determined using gas chromatography with isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. Supporting measurements of environmental variables were made during the experiment. The data can be used to test mathematical models describing CH4 and CO2 transport and fate in temperate agricultural soils.
InAs/GaAs quantum dot infrared photodetectors on on‐axis Si (100) substrates
Authors: Yoshikawa H. , Kwoen J. , Doe T. , Izumi M. , Iwamoto S. , Arakawa Y. 
Published: October 2018

Quantum dot infrared photodetectors (QDIPs) are receiving attention as next generation infrared photodetectors that offer high‐sensitivity and high‐temperature operation. The realisation of QDIPs on silicon (Si) substrates offer further great advantages in terms of cost reduction and higher‐resolution focal plane arrays. Indium arsenide/gallium arsenide QDIPs grown directly on on‐axis Si (100) substrates are demonstrated. These are expected to further reduce fabrication costs by utilising both the monolithic integration of QDIPs with Si readout integrated circuits and also the bare substrate cost (compared with offcut Si substrates). In the device, the peak detectivity at a temperature of 32 K is measured to be 5.8 × 107 cm Hz1/2/W of 6.2 μm at a bias 0.6 V, with a corresponding responsivity of 27 mA/W. This result indicates that QD structures directly grown on on‐axis Si substrates are very promising for the realisation of high‐performance QDIPs with low fabrication cost.
The s process in AGB stars as constrained by a large sample of barium stars
Authors: Cseh B. , Lugaro M. , D’Orazi V. , de Castro D. B. , Pereira C. B. , Karakas A. I. , Molnár L. , Plachy E. , Szabó R. , Pignatari M. , Cristallo S. 
Published: October 2018

Context. Barium (Ba) stars are dwarf and giant stars enriched in elements heavier than iron produced by the slow neutron-capture process (s process). These stars belong to binary systems in which the primary star evolved through the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. During this phase the primary star produced s-process elements and transferred them onto the secondary, which is now observed as a Ba star.
Aims. We compare the largest homogeneous set of Ba giant star observations of the s-process elements Y, Zr, La, Ce, and Nd with AGB nucleosynthesis models to reach a better understanding of the s process in AGB stars.
Methods. By considering the light-s (ls: Y and Zr) heavy-s (hs: La, Ce, and Nd) and elements individually, we computed for the first time quantitative error bars for the different hs-element to ls-element abundance ratios, and for each of the sample stars. We compared these ratios to low-mass AGB nucleosynthesis models. We excluded La from our analysis because the strong La lines in some of the sample stars cause an overestimation and unreliable abundance determination, as compared to the other observed hs-type elements.
Results. All the computed hs-type to ls-type element ratios show a clear trend of increasing with decreasing metallicity with a small spread (less than a factor of 3). This trend is predicted by low-mass AGB models in which 13C is the main neutron source. The comparison with rotating AGB models indicates the need for the presence of an angular momentum transport mechanism that should not transport chemical species, but significantly reduces the rotational speed of the core in the advanced stellar evolutionary stages. This is an independent confirmation of asteroseismology observations of the slow down of core rotation in giant stars, and of rotational velocities of white dwarfs lower than predicted by models without an extra angular momentum transport mechanism.
Reiseimpfungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Kobbe R. , Rau C. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungImpfungen sind ein wichtiger Teil der medizinischen Beratung vor Auslandsreisen mit Kindern und Jugendlichen. Viele impfpräventable Krankheiten stellen für diese Altersgruppen ein besonderes Risiko dar. Für die meisten verfügbaren Impfstoffe gelten bestimmte Mindestaltersgrenzen. Bei der Beratung sollte zunächst der aktuelle Impfstatus gemäß STIKO-Empfehlungen überprüft werden. Die Reiseimpfempfehlung richtet sich vor allem nach Reiseziel, Reisedauer und Reisestandard. Daneben sind Einreisebestimmungen des Ziellandes und aktuelle Ausbrüche zu beachten. Bei besonderen Reiseanlässen wie Besuchen von Freunden und Verwandten, Großveranstaltungen, Langzeitaufenthalten, Backpacking oder Freiwilligendiensten ist die Indikation zur Immunisierung großzügiger zu stellen. Die Impfserie sollte idealerweise zwei Wochen vor Ausreise abgeschlossen sein. Auch kurzfristigere Impfungen können noch sinnvoll sein.
Durch Vektoren übertragene Erkrankungen
Authors: Kleine C. , Ziegler U. , Schwienhorst E.-M. , Stich A. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDer folgende Artikel fokussiert auf Erkrankungen, deren Erreger von Vektoren (Insekten, Spinnentieren) aktiv auf den Menschen übertragen werden. Sie spielen in tropischen und subtropischen Regionen der Erde eine erhebliche Rolle und sind auch im Rahmen der Differenzialdiagnose bei kranken Reiserückkehrern von großer Bedeutung. Am wichtigsten ist die Malaria, insbesondere die lebensbedrohliche Malaria tropica durch Plasmodium falciparum. Jede fieberhafte Erkrankung aus den Tropen erfordert eine zeitnahe Malaria-Diagnostik. Tropische Viruserkrankungen durch Dengue-, West-Nil-, Chikungunya- oder Zika-Viren haben sich in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten massiv ausgebreitet und stellen auch eine zunehmende Bedrohung für den europäischen Raum dar. Andere Vektor-übertragene Erkrankungen sind zwar von großer lokaler Relevanz in endemischen Regionen, aber als importierte Infektionen in Deutschland relativ selten. Bei der Betreuung der Patienten empfiehlt sich eine enge Kooperation mit Tropenmedizinern.
Advancing front of old-age human survival
Authors: Zuo Wenyun , Jiang Sha , Guo Zhen , Feldman Marcus W. , Tuljapurkar Shripad 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Old-age mortality decline has driven recent lifespan increases, but there is no agreement about the age pattern of old-age deaths. For example, some argue that old-age deaths should become compressed at advanced ages, and others argue that old-age deaths should become more dispersed with age. Here we show, for five decades in 20 developed countries, that old-age survival follows an advancing front, like a traveling wave. We make and test several predictions that support the existence of this front. Our unexpected result underscores the plasticity of old-age human mortality, with deaths steadily delayed as societies develop, and supports an ongoing increase in the age of transition to disability. We find no evidence of an impending limit to human lifespan.
Insuring Well‐Being? Buyer's Remorse and Peace of Mind Effects From Insurance
Authors: Tafere Kibrom , Barrett Christopher B. , Lentz Erin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe estimate the causal effects of index insurance coverage on subjective well‐being among livestock herders in southern Ethiopia. By exploiting the randomized distribution of discount coupons and information treatments to instrument for the purchase of index‐based livestock insurance, and three rounds of panel data, we separately identify ex ante welfare gains from insurance that reduces risk exposure and ex post buyer's remorse effects that may arise after the resolution of uncertainty. We find that current insurance coverage generates subjective well‐being gains that are significantly higher than the buyer's remorse effect of an insurance policy that lapsed without paying out. Given the positive correlation in insurance purchase propensity over time, failure to control for potential buyer's remorse effects can bias downward estimates of welfare gains from current insurance coverage.
Linezolid- and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship Using Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Abbo Lilian , Shukla Bhavarth S , Giles Amber , Aragon Laura , Jimenez Adriana , Camargo Jose F , Simkins Jacques , Sposato Kathleen , Tran Truc T , Diaz Lorena , Reyes Jinnethe , Rios Rafael , Carvajal Lina P , Cardozo Javier , Ruiz Maribel , Rosello Gemma , Cardona Armando Perez , Martinez Octavio , Guerra Giselle , Beduschi Thiago , Vianna Rodrigo , Arias Cesar A 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundVancomycin-resistant enterococci are an important cause of healthcare-associated infections and are inherently resistant to many commonly used antibiotics. Linezolid is the only drug currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat vancomycin-resistant enterococci; however, resistance to this antibiotic appears to be increasing. Although outbreaks of linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (LR-VRE) in solid organ transplant recipients remain uncommon, they represent a major challenge for infection control and hospital epidemiology.MethodsWe describe a cluster of 4 LR-VRE infections among a group of liver and multivisceral transplant recipients in a single intensive care unit. Failure of treatment with linezolid in 2 cases led to a review of standard clinical laboratory methods for susceptibility determination. Testing by alternative methods including whole genome sequencing (WGS) and a comprehensive outbreak investigation including sampling of staff members and surfaces was performed.ResultsReview of laboratory testing methods revealed a limitation in the VITEK 2 system with regard to reporting resistance to linezolid. Linezolid resistance in all cases was confirmed by E-test method. The use of WGS identified a resistant subpopulation with the G2376C mutation in the 23S ribosomal RNA. Sampling of staff members’ dominant hands as well as sampling of surfaces in the unit identified no contaminated sources for transmission.ConclusionsThis cluster of LR-VRE in transplant recipients highlights the possible shortcomings of standard microbiology laboratory methods and underscores the importance of WGS to identify resistance mechanisms that can inform patient care, as well as infection control and antibiotic stewardship measures.
The chemical imprint of the bursty nature of Milky Way’s progenitors
Authors: Sharma Mahavir , Theuns Tom , Frenk Carlos 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars with low abundances of neutron capture elements (CEMP-no stars) are ubiquitous among metal-poor stars in the Milky Way. Recent observations have uncovered their two subgroups that differ in the carbon to magnesium ([C/Mg]) abundance ratio. Here, we demonstrate that similar abundance patterns are also present in Milky Way-like galaxies in the eagle cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, where these patterns originate from the fact that stars may form from gas enriched predominantly by asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars or by type II supernovae. This occurs when stars form in the poorly mixed interstellar medium of Milky Way progenitor galaxies that are undergoing bursty star formation. The CEMP-no stars with lower [C/Mg] form at the onset of a starburst from gas enriched by low-metallicity type II supernovae that power a strong outflow, quenching further star formation. When star formation resumes following cosmological gas accretion, the CEMP-no stars with higher [C/Mg] form, with enrichment by AGB ejecta evident in their higher abundance of barium and lower abundance of magnesium. This suggests that bursty star formation in the progenitors of the Galaxy leaves a permanent imprint in the abundance patterns of CEMP stars.
Comorbidities (excluding lymphoma) in Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Pego-Reigosa José M. , Restrepo Vélez Juliana , Baldini Chiara , Rúa-Figueroa Fernández de Larrinoa Íñigo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The information about comorbidities (excluding lymphoma) in primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is relatively scarce. Cardiovascular disease, infections, musculoskeletal conditions or malignancy are likely the most relevant comorbid conditions in pSS. Different infections (particularly oral candidal infections) and fibromyalgia are extremely frequent in the daily clinical practice. On the other hand, the incidence of cardiovascular events and cancer in pSS is low, so information about them comes from large epidemiological studies or meta-analysis. For this reason, preclinical vascular disease is investigated by different techniques, demonstrating the presence of early atherosclerosis in pSS patients. Coronary events could be slightly more frequent in pSS than in the general population. The overall risk of malignancy in pSS patients seems to be slightly increased, likely due to excess occurrence of lymphoma. An association between pSS and thyroid cancer might exist, although it should be confirmed by further investigations.