bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of bacterial starter cultures on the sensory characteristics of doenjang, a fermented soybean paste, and their impact on consumer hedonic perception
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hoon , Jeong Do‐Won , Kim Mina K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the influence of starter cultures on the sensory characteristics of doenjang and their impact on consumer hedonic perception. Six doenjang samples (AB, AE, ABE, ABS, AES, and ABES) were prepared with different combinations of Aspergillus oryzae, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus succinus cultures. A descriptive sensory analysis using a highly trained panel (n = 6) was conducted, followed by consumer acceptance testing (n = 83). Strain‐specific aromatics in doenjang samples were identified: B. licheniformis inoculated doenjang samples exhibited the traditional doenjang‐like flavors that included ammonia‐like, balsamic, meju, and soy sauce. E. faecium inoculated doenjang samples developed traditional doenjang‐like flavors similar to B. licheniformis‐inoculated samples. Solvent aromatic was noted only in doenjang samples with E. faecium. Addition of S. succinus resulted in the decrease of the traditional doenjang‐like aromatics. Consumers preferred doenjang samples with low intensities of traditional doenjang‐like aromatics.Practical applicationsDoenjang is one of the most consumed, Korean traditional food ingredients, based on soybean fermentation. Different starter cultures and microbial community are involved during doenjang fermentation. Yet, the influence of specific strain of bacterial starter cultures on the sensory characteristics of doenjang has not been intensively studied. Current study reports the effect of three distinctive bacterial starter cultures including B. licheniformis, E. faecium, and S. succinus, on the aroma characteristics of Doenjang using human subjects. Also, this work suggests bacterial starter culture that produced the sensory aroma characteristics appealing to Korean consumers. This work provided the information on linkage between bacterial starter cultures and sensory characteristics of doenjang, and can guide the selection of starter cultures on doenjang fermentation.
Whole community estimates of macroalgal pigment concentration within two southern New Zealand kelp forests1
Authors: Desmond Matthew J. , Pajusalu Liina , Pritchard Daniel W. , Stephens Tiffany A. , Hepburn Christopher D. 
Published: May 2019

Light availability is a fundamental factor that controls the productivity and distribution of macroalgae and is highly variable, both spatially and temporally, in subtidal coastal systems. Our comprehension of how macroalgae respond to such variability is a significant knowledge gap that limits our understanding of how light influences the structure and productivity of these environments. Here, we examined the pigment characteristics of individual species, and for the first time the whole community, within one low‐light, and one high‐light kelp‐forest system in southern New Zealand. The aim was to quantify the range of pigmentation seen within the two kelp‐forests which differed in irradiance regime. Light availability was 33% and 64% greater at the high‐light compared to the low‐light site at 2 and 10 m depth, respectively. Results suggested Phaeophyceae species at deeper depths in the low‐light site may be living at the edge of their photosynthetic ability and pigment synthesis appeared significantly restricted. Even with greater investment in the pigment fucoxanthin, biomass of Phaeophyceae species was significantly lower in the low‐light site. Highly pigmented Rhodophyceae species made a greater proportional contribution to community biomass within the low‐light site where they likely possessed a photosynthetic advantage. This work helps explain discrepancies in community structure between the two study sites and explores the complex relationship between irradiance and photoacclimation. The comparison of community pigment concentration holds potential as a tool for assessing the relative degree of photoacclimation occurring between sites and provides a proxy of photosynthetic cost under a specific light regime.
Population cycles in voles and lemmings: state of the science and future directions
Authors: Oli Madan K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDespite nearly a century of research, the causes of population cycles in Arvicoline rodents (voles and lemmings) in northern latitudes are not yet fully understood. Theory tells us that delayed density‐dependent feedback mechanisms are essential for rodent population cycles, suggesting vegetation–rodent, rodent–parasite or rodent–predator interactions as the most likely drivers of population cycles.However, food provisioning, carried out either indirectly through fertilisation treatments of the habitat or directly through food supplementation, has failed to alter population cycles substantially, suggesting that variation in food supply by itself is not necessary or sufficient to cause cyclic fluctuations in abundance.Predator exclusion experiments conducted in Fennoscandia have succeeded in slowing population crashes and increasing autumn densities, implicating predation as the most likely cause of rodent cycles in this region. However, experimental removal of specialist predators in northern England had no discernible effect on a cyclic vole population, casting doubt on the notion that predation is a necessary explanation of rodent population cycles.Population cycle research has contributed substantially to our current understanding of the dynamics, regulation and persistence of biological populations, but we do not yet know with certainty what factors or processes cause multiannual population fluctuations or if population cycles are driven by the same mechanisms everywhere. Recent theoretical and empirical studies suggest that extrinsic factors (primarily food supply and predator abundance) may interact with population intrinsic processes (e.g. dispersal, social behaviour, stress response) to cause multiannual population fluctuations and to explain biological attributes of rodent population cycles.Solving the enigma of population cycles may necessitate identifying factors and processes that cause phase‐specific demographic changes and performing conclusive experiments to ascertain the mechanisms that generate multiannual density fluctuations.
Personalized scaffolding technologies for alveolar bone regenerative medicine
Authors: Yu Ning , Nguyen Trang , Cho Young D. , Kavanagh Nolan M. , Ghassib Iya , Giannobile William V. 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractThe reconstruction of alveolar bone defects associated with teeth and dental implants remains a clinical challenge in the treatment of patients affected by disease or injury of the alveolus. The aim of this review was to provide an overview on advances made in the use of personalized scaffolding technologies coupled with biologics, cells and gene therapies that offer future clinical applications for the treatment of patients requiring periodontal and alveolar bone regeneration. Over the past decade, advancements in three‐dimensional (3D) imaging acquisition technologies such as cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) and precise scaffold fabrication methods such as 3D bioprinting have resulted in personalized scaffolding constructs based on individual patient‐specific anatomical data. Furthermore, ‘fiber‐guiding’ scaffold designs utilize topographical cues to guide ligamentous fibers to form in orientation towards the root surface to improve tooth support. Therefore, a topic‐focused literature search was conducted looking into fiber‐guiding and image‐based scaffolds and their associated clinical applications.
Oral dysfunction as a cause of malocclusion
Authors: D'Onofrio Linda 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractThis narrative review surveys current research demonstrating how oral dysfunction can escalate into malocclusion, acquired craniofacial disorder and contribute to generational dysfunction, disorder and disease.IntroductionBaseline orthodontic consultations are generally recommended beginning age seven. However, the dysmorphic changes that result in malocclusion are often evident years earlier. Similarly, following orthodontic treatment, patients require permanent retention when the bite is not stable, and without such retention, the malocclusion can return.Setting and PopulationNarrative review article including research on infants, children and adults.Materials and MethodsThis review is a brief survey of the symptomology of orofacial myofunctional disorder and outlines 10 areas of oral function that impact occlusal and facial development: breastfeeding, airway obstruction, soft tissue restriction, mouth breathing, oral resting posture, oral habits, swallowing, chewing, the impact of orofacial myofunctional disorder (OMD) over time and maternal oral dysfunction on the developing foetus.ConclusionMalocclusions and their acquired craniofacial dysmorphology are the result of chronic oral dysfunction and OMD. In order to achieve long‐term stability of the face, it is critical to understand the underlying pathologies contributing to malocclusion, open bite and hard palate collapse.
Clastic cells in orthodontic treatment: Translational challenges and recent advances
Authors: Rody Wellington J. , Truzman Estela L. , Foster Desmond T. , Smith Leigh N. , Rocha Fernanda G. , Sorenson Heather L. , Wallet Shannon M. , Holliday L. Shannon 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesOrthodontic treatment consists of numerous appliance activations that rely on stimulation of osteoclasts at alveolar bone sites. However, the action of osteoclast‐like cells on dentin (“odontoclasts”) is a pathological side effect of orthodontic treatment. The aim of this article is twofold: (a) To report preliminary results from ongoing cell culture experiments to identify unique markers of dentin resorption, and (b) To discuss our work using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and exosomes for developing biological fluid‐based biopsies to monitor clastic cell activity.Setting and sample populationTwelve healthy volunteers in permanent dentition.Material and methodsFor the in vitro experiments, murine clastic cell precursors were cultured on dentin or bone slices for 7 days and phage‐display biopanning was used to identify molecular surface differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. In the human study, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected using different tools and analysed for protein and exosome recovery.ResultsBiopanning generated antibody fragments that were uniquely reactive to odontoclasts. Numerous nanoparticles in the size range of exosomes were detected in all of the human GCF samples.ConclusionsOur results support that there are molecular differences between osteoclasts and odontoclasts. Emerging technologies may allow the use of exosomes in GCF as a clinical tool to detect markers of root resorption.
3D Airway changes using CBCT in patients following mandibular setback surgery ± maxillary advancement
Authors: Havron Andrew G. , Aronovich Sharon , Shelgikar Anita V. , Kim H. Ludia , Conley R. Scott 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine the 3D airway changes that occur following mandibular setback surgery alone vs bimaxillary surgery in patients with similar skeletal start forms.Setting and Sample PopulationThe University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Medical Center. A total of 85 patients undergoing mandibular setback with or without simultaneous maxillary advancement.Materials and MethodsA retrospective evaluation of pre‐ and post‐surgical CBCT scans for patients undergoing mandibular setback surgery alone (14) vs bimaxillary surgery (71) was performed. Cross‐sectional evaluation at standardized locations, minimum cross section and volumetric analysis were performed (Dolphin Imaging & Management Solutions).ResultsPatients who underwent mandibular setback surgery alone showed a statistically significant average increase of 47.5 mm2 in minimum axial area. Patients who underwent bimaxillary surgery showed a statistically significant increase in airway volume, minimum axial area, location of minimum axial area, and axial area at the retropalatal and retroglossal regions.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the mandible can be setback safely without decreasing airway dimensions. In borderline OSA patients, bimaxillary surgery remains the preferred approach due to the larger airway increases observed. Long‐term follow‐up with polysomnography must be conducted to determine the full functional implications of both procedures.
3D Airway changes using cone beam computed tomography in patients following mandibular advancement surgery with and without constriction
Authors: Furche Silja , Edwards Sean P. , Aronovich Sharon , Hummon Gregory , Shah Kanchi B. , Conley R. Scott 
Published: May 2019

Structured AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare three‐dimensional airway changes resulting from mandibular advancement surgery and mandibular advancement surgery with constriction.Setting and Sample PopulationThe University of Michigan School of Dentistry and Medical Center. A total of 42 patients undergoing mandibular advancement with or without simultaneous constriction.Materials and MethodsA retrospective airway evaluation of patients undergoing mandibular advancement with or without simultaneous mandibular constriction was performed. Cross‐sectional evaluation at standardized locations, minimum cross section and volumetric analysis were performed using Dolphin Imaging TM Version 11.7.ResultsPatients undergoing mandibular advancement with or without constriction experienced significant airway increases (P < 0.05). Patients who underwent mandibular advancement only gained nearly twice as much airway volume as mandibular advancement with simultaneous constriction (8.69 mm3 vs 4.3 mm3). The largest increase for both groups was observed in the minimum axial area in the oropharynx segment (119.5 mm2) and the axial area of the retroglossal region (137.2 mm2).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate mandibular advancement with constriction results in airway enlargement following surgery.
Wittgenstein on Understanding as a Mental State
Authors: Lin Francis Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn trying to make clear whether understanding is a mental state Wittgenstein asks a series of questions about the timing and duration of understanding. These questions are awkward, and they have posed a great challenge for commentators. In this paper I review the interpretations by Mole and by Baker and Hacker, and point out their problems. I then offer a new interpretation which shows (1) that a “mental state” in this context means a state of consciousness, (2) that Wittgenstein's questions are intended to elicit the grammars of the words “understand” and a “state of consciousness”, (3) that, in this way, he clearly shows that understanding is not a state of consciousness and (4) that he also provides a therapy to dissolve the problem.
“Winning” and “Losing” the Iran Nuclear Deal: How Advocacy Coalitions and Competition Shape U.S. Foreign Policy
Authors: Lantis Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2019

This study adapts the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to help explain the puzzle of continuity and changes in U.S. nuclear diplomacy toward Iran. It shows how coalitions of governmental and nongovernmental actors promoted negotiation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action to sharply curtail Iran's nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief and engagement. This agreement remained in place from 2015 to 2018, even though President Trump and other opponents sought to dismantle the deal. This article demonstrates how competition and power balances shaped the foreign policy decision‐making process over time. Evidence suggests that the ACF offers a compelling lens to explain continuity and change in foreign policy.Related ArticlesCarlsson, Lars. 2017. “Policy Science at an Impasse: A Matter of Conceptual Stretching?”Politics & Policy45 (2): 148‐168.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12196David, Charles‐Philippe. 2015. “Policy Entrepreneurs and the Reorientation of National Security Policy under the G. W. Bush Administration (2001‐04).”Politics & Policy43 (1): 163‐195.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12106Haar, Roberta. 2010. “Explaining George W. Bush's Adoption of the Neoconservative Agenda after 9/11.”Politics & Policy38 (5): 965‐990.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00265.xRelated MediaBrookings Institution. 2018. “Debating the Iran Deal.”https://www.brookings.edu/series/debating-the-iran-deal/Harvard Kennedy School Institute of Politics. 2015. “The Iran Nuclear Negotiations: A Discussion with Wendy Sherman.”https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LF-Oiu99Gn8
Aquaculture and sensometrics: the need to evaluate sensory attributes and the consumers’ preferences
Authors: Calanche Juan B. , Beltrán José A. , Hernández Arias Adrián J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAquaculture represents a vital food production industry that contributes to the global economy and fish supplies. Several studies had suggested that changes in the production process, especially those related to nutritional and feeding interventions may have an impact on the final quality of farmed animal food products including those from aquaculture. An integrated approach is needed to close the gap between consumers’ response and aquaculture products which sensorial quality aspects could be altered by the inclusion of new alternative protein and lipid sources in aquafeed. Applied research efforts in aquaculture should recognize the significance of consumers’ behaviour and preferences with the aim of making this industry economically sustainable. Until now, sensory research in aquaculture has been developed in different ways depending on the commercial interest of the species implicated. The sensory analyses generally used in aquaculture were identified in four main application research areas: nutrition and feeding, production aspects, quality product and marketing topics. Applied aquaculture research for the continued growth of this industry needs to be complemented with the findings and possibilities offered by sensometrics. This paper aims to provide an overview of sensory analysis used in aquaculture as an activity that supplies products to the market. The main opportunity that sensometrics could offer to the aquaculture industry is to apply an accurate approach that takes into account the consumer.
Flexible (panel) Regression Models for Bivariate Count–Continuous Data with an Insurance Application
Authors: Lu Yang 
Published: May 2019

SummaryWe propose a flexible regression model that is suitable for mixed count–continuous panel data. The model is based on a compound Poisson representation of the continuous variable, with bivariate random effect following a polynomial-expansion-based joint density. Besides the distributional flexibility that it offers, the model allows for closed form forecast updating formulae. This property is especially important for insurance applications, in which the future individual insurance premium should be regularly updated according to one’s own past claim history. An application to vehicle insurance claims is provided.
The importance of peer relatedness at school for affective well‐being in children: Between‐ and within‐person associations
Authors: Schmidt Andrea , Dirk Judith , Schmiedek Florian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo intensive longitudinal studies examining the association between children's feeling of relatedness to peers at school and their affective well‐being were performed. In Study 1, 110 third and fourth graders reported on their positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) 4 times daily and on their peer relatedness once a day over 4 weeks. Multilevel analyses revealed that children who reported higher peer relatedness on average also reported higher PA and lower NA (between‐person associations). Moreover, on days when children reported higher peer relatedness than usual, they also reported higher PA, but they did not necessarily report lower NA (within‐person associations). In Study 2, 55 fourth, fifth, and sixth graders indicated their PA, NA, and peer relatedness once a day over 2 weeks. We replicated the findings of Study 1 on both levels. The studies showed that feeling related to peers is associated with high PA at school and at home on a daily basis, illustrating the function of peer relatedness in promoting positive well‐being. The findings further demonstrated the necessity of intensive longitudinal studies focusing on within‐person associations and the importance of measuring both PA and NA in order to capture effects on affective well‐being thoroughly.
FEEDBK: a novel approach for providing feedback
Authors: Hall Catriona , Peleva Emilia , Vithlani Rohan H , Shah Savan , Bashyam Maria , Ramadas Mayurun , Horsburgh Jo , Sam Amir H 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundHigh‐quality feedback is fundamental to students’ learning. We describe and evaluate FEEDBK, a novel feedback tool that encompasses the focus of learning, student self‐evaluation (reflection), the encounter with the patient (professionalism), one task that the student should continue to do (reinforcement), one task that they could do better (improvement) and a key take‐home message for self‐directed learning.MethodsMedical students received regular bedside teaching and feedback during a 9‐week clinical placement at a teaching hospital. Teaching fellows gave feedback in their usual style during weeks 1–3 and then used the FEEDBK tool during weeks 4–9. Questionnaires and focus groups were used to evaluate the students’ experience of feedback before and after the introduction of FEEDBK.ResultsFEEDBK significantly enhanced the feedback experience across six domains: identifying learning objectives, chance to reflect, feedback on communication skills/professionalism, specific suggestions for improvement, clear take‐home message and personalised feedback. The analysis of the feedback from focus groups yielded four categories: (i) FEEDBK influenced the feedback process (delivering timely feedback); (ii) the nature of the feedback (enhancing both the quantity and the quality of the feedback received); (iii) the structure of the feedback; and (iv) the evolution of teaching and learning.DiscussionFEEDBK may enhance both the quantity and the quality of feedback and has the potential to improve the quality of teaching. It provides teachers with a quick and easy‐to‐follow framework to signpost curriculum‐aligned feedback.