bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The History and Foundations of Criticism of H.L.A. Hart’s Legal Positivism in R. Dworkin’s Philosophy of Law
Authors: Koval Sofya V. 
Published: October 2019

The paper discusses the Anglo-American philosophy of law of the 20th century, more specifically the philosophy of law of Ronald Myles Dworkin and his criticism of the legal positivism of Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart. The author presents the history of the criticism of legal positivism in Ronald Dworkin’s philosophy of law and distinguishes historical stages. The subject of the study is the critique of legal positivism but not the Hart-Dworkin debate itself, well known in Western philosophy of law. The reason is that the discussion was conducted between Dworkin and Hart’s supporters but not between Dworkin and Hart by himself. The latter responded to the criticism only after twenty seven years. The article explains why Dworkin chose for his criticism Herbert Hart’s version of legal positivism. This is due to the fact that Dworkin highly appreciated Hart’s positivist theory of law and characterized it as the “most clear.” The article presents the methodological foundations of criticism of Hart’s legal positivism in Dworkin’s philosophy of law. It reveals a methodological divergence between the two legal theories, which directly affects the understanding of the concept of law and its content. Therefore, we can assume that the legal theories of Hart and Dworkin are two competing models of law: Dworkin’s model considers law as a set of rules and principles and Hart’s model acknowledges only rules and court decisions as a source of law. The article also presents the key principles of positivism criticized by Dworkin. These principles, firstly, interpret law as a set of legal rules determined through a special legal criterion, secondly, provide the judge with an opportunity to make a decision “at his own discretion” in a situation not regulated by law, and, thirdly, recognize only legal rights and obligations enshrined in legal regulations. It is important to note that in this article the author describes criticism as an independent phenomenon of legal philosophy with a particular focus on the history and foundations of this phenomenon.
Perception, Logic and Plurality of Rational Representations of the World
Authors: Mikhailov Igor F. 
Published: October 2019

The article covers such issues as the relevance of the theory of perception as a multi-level information processing, the methodological role of the concept of representation and the relation of neurodynamic structures to subjective experience. The author critically reviews the philosophical presumptions underlying the various concepts of “local rationality,” the core of which is constituted by the belief that large ethnic cultures generate or are based on their own rationality and their own logic. Three statements are successively considered: (a) thinking is based on the inherent rules of rationality, (b) logic is an extract of rationality, and (c) types of rationality are geographically consistent with large ethnocultural communities. Empirical arguments are presented that demonstrate equivocality (if not falsity) of the first two theses. In particular, firstly, it is shown that the genuine rationality of thinking lies not in following the rules that are immanent to it, but in the development of thinking and, more broadly, cognitive operations towards optimization of certain indicators of the cognitive or motor system that are important for survival and adaptation. In addition, this rationality is multivariate, and the choice between variants is often weakly determined or even random. Thus, the first statement turns out to be refuted. Secondly, by reference to the well-known experiments, it is shown that most people do not explicitly follow some declared logical rules in solving even logical or mathematical problems, and yet there is reason to consider their behavior rational. The third thesis, as shown with some limited empirical material, appears to be partially confirmed. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the doubtfulness of the first two theses makes the conclusion that different nations have different logics insufficiently substantiated.
Do Chatbots Dream of Androids? Prospects for the Technological Development of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
Authors: Efimov Albert R. 
Published: October 2019

The article discusses the main trends in the development of artificial intelligence systems and robotics (AI&R). The main question that is considered in this context is whether artificial systems are going to become more and more anthropomorphic, both intellectually and physically. In the article, the author analyzes the current state and prospects of technological development of artificial intelligence and robotics and also determines the main aspects of the impact of these technologies on society and economy, indicating the geopolitical strategic nature of this influence. The author considers various approaches to the definition of artificial intelligence and robotics, focusing on the subject-oriented and functional ones. In the article, AI&R abilities and human abilities are compared in such areas as categorization, pattern recognition, planning and decision making, etc. Based on this comparison, it is concluded in which areas AI&R’s performance is inferior to a human and in which cases it is superior to one. The modern achievements in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence create the necessary basis for further discussion of the applicability of goal setting in engineering, in the form of a Turing test. It is shown that development of AI&R is associated with certain contradictions that impede the application of Turing’s methodology in its usual format. The basic contradictions in the development of AI&R technologies imply that there is to be a transition to a post-Turing methodology for assessing engineering implementations of AI&R. In such implementations, on the one hand, the “Turing wall” is removed, and on the other hand, artificial intelligence gets its physical implementation.
Avanza hacia el conocimiento científico - experiencias educativas científicas : dinámicas sociales del conocimiento científico tecnológico
Authors: Corvalán Rubén Edgar , Sanabria Norberto Argentino , Ibañez Miguel Ángel , Amarilla Alicia 
Published: October 2019

Es una actividad que se desarrolla desde la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura de la universidad nacional del Nordeste, consistente en una tarea eminentemente de Extensión y vinculación hacia el medio, con la participación principalmente de alumnos de las carreras de Ingeniería de la facultad. Quienes acompañados por sus profesores desarrollan kits educativos consistentes en experiencias didácticas sobre el desarrollo tecnológico referidos a las ramas de la ingeniería en colaboración con otras disciplinas, que permiten a modo de museo interactivo de las ciencias, que los alumnos de los niveles educativos desde el último año de la primaria, pasando por toda la secundaria y alumnos del primer año universitario, participen de manera lúdica e interactiva con estas experiencias , que se desarrollaron en distintos ámbitos en una presentación anual o semestral, en sus primeros años se desarrollaron en los salones del Edificio de física del campus universitario.
Cartografía temática. Representaciones cartográficas de implantación puntual y lineal: elaboración mediante sistemas de información geográfica
Authors: Claret Romina , Cabrera Carolina , Ramírez Liliana 
Published: October 2019

<p>La elaboración de Cartografía Temática, más específicamente la producción de representaciones cartográficas de implantación puntual y lineal, en términos tanto de procedimientos tradicionales como a través de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, es una labor cotidiana para aquellos profesionales que necesitan visualizar y hacer visualizar los fenómenos del mundo real sobre los cuales dan cuenta en sus estudios o abordajes temáticos. En este contexto, la presente contribución surge de la consulta y recopilación de información bibliográfica y digital y de la propia experiencia adquirida en circunstancias de tener que producir Cartografía Temática a partir de recursos informáticos. Por lo tanto la elaboración de este documento pretende inducir a la reflexión respecto de las fortalezas y debilidades o ventajas y desventajas que presentan los procesos de elaboración de Cartografía Temática que coexisten actualmente, a la vez que mostrar las potencialidades del subsistema de representaciones o salidas cartográficas incorporadas en los Sistemas de Información Geográfica.</p><p> </p>
Hermenéutica moderna y hermenéutica del sujeto en Michel Foucault
Authors: Del Valle Marilina 
Published: October 2019

<p>El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis conjunto de las nociones de “hermenéutica moderna” y “hermenéutica del sujeto” en Michel Foucault. En nuestra consideración, sería posible retomar y profundizar el análisis de elementos desarrollados en los estudios del autor francés en la conferencia Nietzsche, Freud, Marx (1967) en torno de la primera de las mencionadas nociones, a partir del estudio de las ideas esbozadas por el autor francés quince años después, en el marco de su replanteamiento del problema de la subjetividad a partir del concepto de “hermenéutica del sujeto”. </p>
Diabetes y enfermedad periodontal, una relación de doble vía
Authors: Monzón Javier , Caramello Carlos , Acuña Miguel Jorge 
Published: October 2019

<p>La asociación entre diabetes mellitus y la enfermedad periodontal ha sido motivo de estudio durante mucho tiempo. Son varias las hipótesis que se barajan a la hora de explicar dicha relación. El propósito de este artículo, es revisar los estudios publicados en la literatura periodontal hasta la fecha sobre la relación entre enfermedad periodontal y diabetes mellitus.</p><p> </p>
Caracterización histológica del tejido conectivo sometido a fuerzas ortodóncicas
Authors: Gili María Alejandra , Aguirre María Victoria , Almirón María Silvia , Latyn Karina 
Published: October 2019

<p>La investigación histológica ha permitido establecer conexión entre los hallazgos histológicos y el planeamiento profiláctico o terapéutico sirviendo de sustento como principio básico para la toma de decisiones en la clínica. Este proyecto de tipo descriptivo-analítico tiene por objeto describir las características del tejido conectivo periodontal y de los fibroblastos sometidos a fuerzas ortodóncicas mediante microscopía óptica con técnicas de coloración histológica convencionales (Hematoxilina-Eosina). Las muestras de tejido periodontal se obtuvieron de pacientes que concurrieron al Servicio de Ortodoncia de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNNE y en los cuales como parte del tratamiento está indicada la extracción dentaria. Las fuerzas aplicadas fueron de tipo leve con arcos iniciales elásticos, arco de Niti 0,12; o arco de acero trenzado, twinflex o coaxial. El tiempo de aplicación de la fuerza varió entre 15 y 30 días. Los preparados histológicos obtenidos a partir de las muestras evidencian a los fibroblastos dispuestos paralelos a los haces de fibras lo que hace suponer su intensa actividad remodeladora durante la aplicación del movimiento ortodóncico maneteniendo su morfología celular. Hay presencia de aislados focos de hemorragia y focos inflamatorios leves.</p>
Diagnóstico de Clase III: Identificación del patrón esqueletal
Authors: Palczikowski Lorena Y. , Collante de Benitez Carmen I. 
Published: October 2019

<p class="Default">La ya consagrada clasificación de Angle, agru-pa a las anomalías denominándola con números romanos en Clase I, II y III. De ellas las displasias más difíciles de tratar son las clases III, ya sea desde el punto de vista terapéutico como del pronóstico. Generalmente son el resultado de la combinación de varios factores. Estos se agru-pan en alteraciones severas de varias estructu-ras, oseas, dentarias y funcionales, por lo que re-sulta difícil precisar la causa. Sin duda, en un alto porcentaje de casos de clase III, es necesario un tratamiento combinado ortodóntico-quirúrgico. De allí la importancia de su diagnóstico tempra-no y el conocimiento del momento oportuno para su tratamiento1,2.</p><p> </p>
El Proyecto Riqueza Natural(Au) de Acción Comunitaria y Restauración del Paisaje en Cortes de Pallás (Valencia)
Authors: Romero-Maza César , Ferrer Gallego Pedro Pablo 
Published: October 2019

El proyecto “Riqueza Natural(Au)” se enmarca dentro de un trabajo de tesis doctoral realizado en el Departamento Educación Comparada e Historia de la Educación, de la Facultad de Filosofía y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Valencia (España). Es un proyecto dirigido a la ejecución de actividades de acción comunitaria y restauración del paisaje. Uno de los objetivos principales es la recuperación de ambientes forestales dentro del municipio de Cortes de Pallás (Valencia), en zonas afectadas por el incendio forestal ocurrido en junio de 2012. El proyecto consta de cuatro líneas estratégicas: i) la creación de un aula de interpretación de las causas y efectos de los incendios forestales (física y virtual); ii) la restauración de comunidades vegetales forestales mediante la creación de núcleos de vegetación según el modelo de Nucleación Forestal Aplicada; iii) la realización de actividades para voluntarios con la metodología de aprendizaje y servicio; iv) el desarrollo de una silvicultura sostenible, donde voluntarios ceden el uso de sus parcelas forestales afectadas por el GIF de 2012 con un contrato de tipo comodato. El proyecto cuenta con la colaboración de varias instituciones, ONGs y grupos de trabajo, como el Centro para la Investigación y Experimentación Forestal de la Generalitat Valencian, la Asociación Española de Jardinería Ecológica (AEJECO), la Universitat de València, la Dirección General de Prevención de Incendios Forestales de la Generalitat Valenciana, el Ayuntamiento de Cortes de Pallás, el Grupo Scout Impeesa 243 de Burjassot y la Federación de Scouts ASDE-Scouts Valencians.
Palabras clave: Acción comunitaria, aprendizaje servicio, contrato de comodato, Nucleación Forestal Aplicada, restauración forestal.
Problemas, posibilidades y retos para la integración de los cultivos de frutos rojos en el paisaje del suroeste peninsular
Authors: Morales Jiménez J. , Domingo-Santos Juan Manuel , Pérez-Carral Lorenzo Cristina , Corral-Pazos-de-Provens Eva 
Published: October 2019

Los cultivos de frutos rojos o berries ocupan una gran superficie en el tercio sur de la provincia de Huelva. Se caracterizan por una agricultura tecnificada, intensiva, que se vale de invernaderos en túnel para la obtención de un producto de alto valor añadido. Este valor induce una ocupación casi total del territorio, con grandes movimientos de tierras, rectificaciones y canalizaciones de arroyos, ocupaciones de dominios públicos hidráulico, viario y otros. Así mismo, esta actividad genera importantes cantidades de residuos cuya manipulación es a menudo inadecuada. Este conjunto de circunstancias produce impactos paisajísticos significativos.
En el presente trabajo se identifican y describen los problemas señalados, y se plantean posibles estrategias de integración paisajística. Se definen tres tipos de medidas: i) aquellas que deben responder a situaciones ilegales que deben ser corregidas por los propietarios; ii) aquellas que identifiquen usos territoriales irregulares no sancionables cuya corrección puede desarrollarse instando al propietario a su resolución, incluso incentivándole; iii) medidas de mejora y creación de hábitats naturales y de la imagen visual general cuyo desarrollo puede plantearse mediante incentivos y formación a los propietarios sobre las posibilidades de dar un uso terciario a sus explotaciones.
La integración paisajística de las explotaciones de frutos rojos es una necesidad importante para el desarrollo turístico de Huelva. Además, puede constituirse en una oportunidad para aquellos agricultores que se planteen generar espacios visitables que proyecten aún más hacia el exterior un producto y una denominación bien conocidos a escala mundial, pero que necesitan consolidar su imagen.
Early Stages of Precipitate Formation in a Dual Hardening Steel∗
Authors: Hofinger M. , Ognianov M. , Turk C. , Leitner H. , Schnitzer R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
For plastic mold steels, secondary hardening as well as hardenable, corrosion-resistant steels are used. Secondary hardening can be achieved through alloying with Ni, Ti, Al and Cu. The precipitation sequence of combined Cu and intermetallic NiAl particles depends on the precise ratio of the alloying contents. In this study, a dual hardening iron-based alloy with a high ratio of Ni/Cu and Al/Cu and low Carbon content is investigated. These dual hardening steels represent alloys that utilize both carbidic and intermetallic secondary hardening precipitates to achieve secondary hardening. The investigations focus on the initial precipitation of intermetallic particles in order to analyze the sequence of precipitate formation for a specific ratio of alloying elements. DSC measurements were used to identify characteristic precipitation temperatures between 360 °C and 600 °C and the corresponding heat treatment conditions were reproduced using a quenching dilatometer. The initial stages of precipitate formation were examined using high-resolution atom probe tomography. C-enrichments in the form of retained austenite films were evident in the examined material. Heterogeneous nucleation of Cu-NiAl precipitates on these retained austenite films was attributed to exothermal reactions at 460 °C.
Efficacy of a Persian Herbal Remedy and Electroacupuncture on Metabolic Profiles and Anthropometric Parameters in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rouhani Maryam , Motavasselian Malihe , Taghipoor Ali , Layegh Parvaneh , Asili Javad , Hamedi Shokouh Sadat , Badiee Avval Shapour 
Published: October 2019

Background: The most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficaciousness of a Persian herbal remedy, as well as electroacupuncture and the combination of them on metabolic profiles and anthropometric parameters in these patients. Materials and Methods: Eighty overweight women with PCOS were randomly divided into four groups. All of them received metformin 1000 mg and the second group received 5 g of herbal medicine per day (main components: Foeniculum vulgare, Urtica dioica, and Daucus carota), the third group were subjected to 20 electroacupuncture sessions, and the fourth group received both therapies. Results: After 12 weeks, the body fat and body mass index decreased the most in the herbal medicine+electroacupuncture group, and waist to hip ratio decreased the most in the electroacupuncture group. A significant decrease was also observed in fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. A significant increase was seen in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index in all intervention groups, but there was no noteworthy difference in these parameters in the control group. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly in the electroacupuncture groups and herbal medicine+electroacupuncture. Also, a significant decrease was observed in triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in the herbal medicine groups and herbal medicine+electroacupuncture. Conclusion: It is advisable to use this herbal remedy and electroacupuncture for better treatment of metabolic complications and overweight problems in these patients. [GMJ.2019;8:e1389]
Ezop Masallarının Dinleme Becerisine Etkisi
Authors: BİLGİÇ YILDIZ Ayşe , SAVAŞ Behsat 
Published: October 2019

Araştırmanın amacı, Ezop masallarının
dinlediğini anlama başarısına etkisini test etmektir. Çalışma grubunu,
2018-2019 öğretim yılında Isparta ilinin merkez ilçesinde bir devlet
ilkokulunda 2.sınıfta öğrenim gören 45 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın
modeli, kontrol gruplu ön test- son test yarı deneysel modeldir. Deney ve
kontrol gruplu ön test son test modelinde, gelişigüzel iki grup seçilmiştir.
İki gruba da ilk üç masal ön test olarak, son üç masal de son test olarak
dinleme ve anlamaya yönelik ölçme uygulanmıştır. Yarı deneysel araştırma
modelindeki etkinliklerde 18 farklı Ezop masalı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma altı
hafta devam etmiştir. Her masaldan sonra
dinleme ve anlamaya yönelik ölçme işlemi yapılmıştır.Veriler 5N 1K tekniğinden
geliştirilen üç sorudan oluşan form ile toplanmıştır. Sonuçta ön test ve son
test ölçümleri arasındaki farklılıklar tespit edilerek öğrencilerin dinleme
anlama becerilerindeki değişim incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında toplanan
verilerin analizinde SPSS programları kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde
betimsel istatiklerden yüzde, aritmetik ortalama ile minimum ve maksimum
değerleri ilebağımsız ve bağımlı t-Testi, kovaryans (ancova) analizi
istatistiksel teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Uygulama öncesi yapılan ön test toplam
puanları ile uygulama sonrası yapılan son test toplam puanları arasında anlamlı
bir fark görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin son test toplam puanları, ön test toplam
puanlarından daha yüksektir. Öğrencilerin dinleme anlama becerilerinin
gelişmesi yapılan etkinliğin olumlu sonuçlandığı görülmektedir.
Pedagogia da Autogestão: configurando espacialidades críticas para Outras Economias
Authors: De Moura Leão Carolina Valéria 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo discute as interconexões entre a Pedagogia da Autogestão e a prática de Outras Economias, de forma a compreender que espacialidades críticas são criadas a partir desta interrelação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o Movimento de Comunidades Populares (MCP), no Brasil, em São Lourenço da Mata (Pernambuco), Feira de Santana/Sítio Matias (Bahia) e Chico Mendes (Rio de Janeiro), com foco na experiência da sobrevivência coletiva. A metodologia foi construída a partir da IAP. Concluímos que as espacialidades críticas estimuladas pelo exercício da Pedagogia da Autogestão sinalizam a existência de práticas emergentes de Outras Economias, evidenciando novas geometrias de poder com potencial emancipatório.
Aplikasi Sistem Pakar Untuk Mendiagnosa Gangguan Kepribadian Pada Remaja Dengan Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor (CF)
Authors: Suwarno Adi , Husin Ishak , Zenni Ulfi Elana 
Published: October 2019

Adolescence is a period of increased activity, maturity of sexuality, growth of awareness, and recognition that the time free from problems experienced in childhood is lost forever. So they experience emotional instability as a result of adjusting themselves to new patterns of behavior and social environment. Personality and behavior disorders in adolescents are problems faced by parents and their environment. In this study, this knowledge was obtained from experts, namely psychologists. This study uses an interview method with a Psychologist. The expert system is a system designed to assist in detecting diseases with a dynamic knowledge base. This expert system can deduce the user's illness based on the symptoms of adolescent personality disorders that are entered into the system. As for the purpose of the research is to produce an expert system to assist psychologists in documenting their knowledge. The expert system will display the amount of confidence the symptom has on the possibility of the user's illness. The amount of the trust value is the result of calculations using the Certainty Factor (CF) method. The results obtained from this study are the application of an expert system to diagnose adolescent personality disorders with the certainty factor method by using a computer as a tool to access data
Teenagers, Adolescent Personality Disorders, Expert System, Certainty Factor