bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived gender discrimination at work and subsequent long-term sickness absence among Finnish employed women
Authors: Pietiläinen Marjut , Nätti Jouko , Ojala Satu 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Discrimination has many kinds of consequences for employees and their well-being. This is an important aspect when considering certain issues, such as the need to prolong working careers. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of perceived gender discrimination at work with subsequent long-term sickness absence among Finnish employed women.

Methods
We used a representative sample of Finnish employed women (n = 8000) merged with register-based follow-up data. We examined the relationships of control variables with gender discrimination using cross tabulation, and the relationships of the controls with subsequent sickness absences were examined using analyses of variance. The effects of gender discrimination on long-term sickness absence were analysed using a negative binomial model.

Results
Perceived gender discrimination increased long-term sickness absence among employed women after controlling for age discrimination, various background, work and health-related factors. Employed women reporting perceived gender discrimination had a 1.4-times higher incidence rate ratios (IRR) of long-term sickness absence than those not reporting perceived gender discrimination. The association was strongest among upper-level socioeconomic group (IRR 2.2) in the adjusted model.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that gender discrimination at work is a risk factor for long sickness absence among women. Therefore, it is essential to increase awareness and prevention of discrimination to reduce negative gender-based treatment at work.
In silico studies reveal RSc1154 and RhlE as temperature-related pathogenic proteins of Ralstonia solanacearum
Authors: Zhou Daxiang , Li Guoli , Sun Houliang , Liu Feng , Chen Lin , Xiong Shu , Yin Youping 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to explore the temperature-related pathogenic mechanism of Ralstonia solanacearum infection in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Based on bioinformatics analysis of microarray dataset (GSE33657), the co-differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) ribonucleic acids were identified in R. solanacearum GMI1000-infected L. esculentum Mill., which was cultured at 20°C and 28°C, in rich medium containing casamino acids, peptone, and glucose (CPG) and planta. In total, 63 upregulated co-DEGs and 57 downregulated co-DEGs were identified between 20°C and 28°C in the CPG and planta groups. Protein–protein interaction network revealed 70 protein interaction pairs and 59 nodes. Notably, iolG, iolE, ioll and RSc1248 played critical roles in the network. The subcellular localization and functional annotation showed that the increased expressed proteins were mainly localized in the inner cell membrane, while those with decreased expression were localized in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, these proteins were mainly enriched in regulation of DNA-templated transcription. RSc1154 and RhlE were predicted to be temperature-related pathogenic genes for R. solanacearum in tomato. Furthermore, phosphorelay signal transduction system function might play an important role in R. solanacearum infection. The candidate genes were verified by quantitative real-time PCR, and the results were consistent with gene expression profile.
Effect of high-risk human papillomavirus in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Somalian and Turkish cases
Authors: Baş Yılmaz , Aker Fügen Vardar , Gönültaş Aylin , Akdeniz Raşit , Turgal Ebru , Çıkrıkçıoğlu Makbule Arar 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the role of high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV) in Somalian and Turkish patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In the sections obtained from paraffin-embedded blocks, the results of invasive tumor, peripheral tumor dysplasia and normal mucosa were examined. Samples containing 45 and 47 ESCC, 46 and 42 dysplasia in Somalian (n = 52) and Turkish (n = 53) cases, respectively, were included in the study. We examined the presence of 14 types of Hr-HPV in ESCC collected from Somalia and Turkey by Aptima® Panther System. Hr-HPV types were not detected in Somalian cases. p16INK4a is positive in 5 (11.4%) tumors and 6 (13%) dysplasia. p53 is positive in 28 (62.2%) tumors and 35 (76.1%) dysplasia. HPV16-18/45 are positive only in one of the Turkish cases. p16INK4a is positive in 5 (10.6%) tumors and 4 (9.5%) dysplasia. p53 is positive in 31 (63.3%) tumors and 24 (57.1%) dysplasia. No reaction was detected in normal mucosa samples in both countries. This study is regional. Although the findings did not reflect the general population, the present study shows that the effect of HPV on carcinogenesis in Somalian and Turkish ESCC patients was not significant.
VAPPER: High-throughput variant antigen profiling in African trypanosomes of livestock
Authors: Silva Pereira Sara , Heap John , Jones Andrew R , Jackson Andrew P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Analysing variant antigen gene families on a population scale is a difficult challenge for conventional methods of read mapping and variant calling due to the great variability in sequence, copy number, and genomic loci. In African trypanosomes, hemoparasites of humans and animals, this is complicated by variant antigen repertoires containing hundreds of genes subject to various degrees of sequence recombination.

Findings
We introduce Variant Antigen Profiler (VAPPER), a tool that allows automated analysis of the variant surface glycoprotein repertoires of the most prevalent livestock African trypanosomes. VAPPER produces variant antigen profiles for any isolate of the veterinary pathogens Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax from genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data and delivers publication-ready figures that show how the queried isolate compares with a database of existing strains. VAPPER is implemented in Python. It can be installed to a local Galaxy instance from the ToolShed (https://toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/) or locally on a Linux platform via the command line (https://github.com/PGB-LIV/VAPPER). The documentation, requirements, examples, and test data are provided in the Github repository.

Conclusion
By establishing two different, yet comparable methodologies, our approach is the first to allow large-scale analysis of African trypanosome variant antigens, large multi-copy gene families that are otherwise refractory to high-throughput analysis.
Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 Predicts Therapeutic Response in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients Treated With Infliximab
Authors: Barberio Brigida , D’Incà Renata , Facchin Sonia , Dalla Gasperina Marianna , Fohom Tagne Cedric Arsenè , Cardin Romilda , Ghisa Matteo , Lorenzon Greta , Marinelli Carla , Savarino Edoardo Vincenzo , Zingone Fabiana 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are treated with anti-TNF agents. Strategies to monitor response to therapy may improve clinical control of the disease and reduce economical costs. Previous evidence suggests cleavage of infliximab (IFX) by Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) as a mechanism leading to loss of response. Our study aimed to evaluate if MMP3 serum levels could be considered an early marker of anti-TNF nonresponse and to analyze the correlation with other biochemical markers of treatment failure such as IFX trough levels and anti-IFX antibodies, inflammatory markers, and albumin levels.

Methods
Retrospectively, 73 IBD patients who had received IFX for at least 1 year were enrolled: 35 patients were responders and 38 were nonresponders at 52 weeks. Clinical and biochemical data (Harvey-Bradshaw index [HBI], Mayo score, body mass index [BMI], C-reactive protein [CRP], fecal calprotectin and albumin levels), MMP3 serum levels, and drug monitoring were assessed at baseline, postinduction, and 52 weeks.

Results
The MMP3 levels were similar at baseline (19.83 vs 17.92 ng/mL), but at postinduction, patients who failed to respond at 1 year had significantly higher levels than patients who responded (26.09 vs 8.68 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.001); the difference was confirmed at week 52 (29.56 vs 11.48 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.001). The MMP3 levels tended to be higher in patients without antidrug antibodies than in patients with antidrug antibodies at postinduction and 52 weeks.

Conclusions
The MMP3 serum determination may represent an early marker of response to infliximab.
Epidemiology of Burn Wounds Arriving to a Level 1 Trauma Center in Israel
Authors: Yaacobi Dafna (Shilo) , Hayun Yehiel , Har-Shai Lior , Litwin Arik , Ad-El Dean D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Burn injuries have grave consequences for patients and impose a heavy economic burden on healthcare services. Studies on the epidemiology of burn injury in Israel are sparse and outdated, and improved understanding of current trends can help experts plan prevention campaigns and design effective treatment paradigms. This study sought to assess the background, clinical, and treatment characteristics of adult patients admitted with burn injury to a level 1 trauma center in Israel in 2005 to 2017. Data were retrospectively retrieved from the hard copy and electronic files as follows: patient sex and age; burn type, degree, and etiology; percentage total BSA (%TBSA) affected; and type of treatment and length of hospital stay (LOS). The cohort included 734 patients of mean age 41.79 years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1. Thermal factors, particularly hot liquids, were the most common cause; second-degree burns were the most common. Mean %TBSA was 5.39%; mean LOS was 11.81 days; and mean LOS/%TBSA was 4.65. Advanced dressings alone yielded satisfactory outcome in 74.2% of patients. The relatively younger patient age and male predominance of our cohort were in line with published findings. The LOS was similar to previous studies in Israel but lower than in Europe. The LOS/%TBSA was higher than in the literature, with a decrease over time suggesting an increased effectiveness of treatment. There appears to be a decline in the rate of surgery for burn injury and increased expertise in the use of advanced dressings. National prevention campaigns should focus on scalds rather than flame-induced burns.
Rethinking Unplugging
Authors: Knobel Angela 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOpponents of abortion have traditionally responded to Judith Thomson’s “A Defense of Abortion” by denying that her example of the unconscious violinist is analogous to a pregnancy that results from rape. In this article, I argue that this strategy does not work. Although there are differences between Thomson’s violinist and pregnancies that result from rape, the differences are not morally relevant. The appropriate strategy for the opponent of abortion, I argue, is to simply bite the bullet: the opponent of abortion should simply reply that Thomson’s innocent victim is not free to unplug himself from the violinist.
Upregulation of Annexin A1 in Reactive Astrocytes and Its Subtle Induction in Microglia at the Boundaries of Human Brain Infarcts
Authors: Shijo Masahiro , Hamasaki Hideomi , Honda Hiroyuki , Suzuki Satoshi O , Tachibana Masaki , Ago Tetsuro , Kitazono Takanari , Iihara Koji , Iwaki Toru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnnexin A1 (ANXA1) has multiple functions, including anti-inflammatory effects, and is thought to be neuroprotective in various pathophysiologies of the central nervous system. The importance of ANXA1 in microglia and endothelial cells in ischemic environments in the brain has been recognized, but its detailed behavior in astrocytes in the ischemic brain remains unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we therefore assessed the altered distribution of ANXA1 in human brain infarcts using 14 autopsied samples and 18 surgical samples. Elevated expression of ANXA1 was observed in reactive astrocytes in peri-infarct regions. ANXA1 accumulated at the cell periphery and in swollen cytoplasmic processes of reactive astrocytes, as well as at the rim of vacuoles at the boundary of necrosis, and colocalized with aberrantly distributed aquaporin 4 and excitatory amino acid transporter 1. Foamy macrophages in the necrotic core also expressed abundant ANXA1, whereas resident microglia at the boundary of necrosis rarely showed intrinsic expression of ANXA1. This characteristic distribution of ANXA1 in human brain infarcts may represent the good adaptability of reactive astrocytes to ischemic damage.
Recovery from a Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Daley Dennis C. , Douaihy Antoine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The chapter discusses the many possible paths that those with SUDs can take to recovery. Recovery refers to everything that a person with an SUD does to manage the problem and make positive changes. Abstinence is a first step for those who choose this goal, but the real work of recovery is staying abstinent over time and making personal changes to support this. Recovery is not short term; it is a process that takes place over years for many people with SUDs. People with more severe problems may require professional help. Those addicted to opioids or alcohol may also benefit from medications to help sustain recovery.
Psychiatric Illness Co-occurring with a Substance Use Problem
Authors: Daley Dennis C. , Douaihy Antoine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The combination of an SUD and a psychiatric disorder is called dual or co-occurring disorders (CODs). Rates of SUDs are especially high among individuals with antisocial or borderline personality disorders, bipolar illness, and schizophrenia. Having one disorder raises the risk of having the other. Psychiatric illness can affect how quickly a substance problem develops and response to treatment. It can also affect relapse to substance use. The effects of alcohol or other drugs can cause or worsen psychiatric symptoms. Suggestions are given for handling psychiatric emergencies, including suicide threats. An overview of the treatment options for patients with dual disorders is given.
How Substance Problems Affect the Family Unit
Authors: Daley Dennis C. , Douaihy Antoine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A family unit is a system in which various parts have an impact on other parts. This chapter looks at how families, concerned others, and friends are affected by a loved one’s SUD. Any family member may be hurt by a loved one with an SUD. The effects may vary among families and among members within the same family, but emotional pain and disruption of family life are common. Attention often centers on the member with the SUD, while overall family pain and distress are ignored. Individuals with SUDs often “underfunction,” which means that other members of the family have to pick up the slack and “overfunction.” This dynamic may change how family members communicate or relate to one another. The effects on families vary from mild to severe—in which a family is torn apart by an SUD.
Can the RNA World Still Function without Cytidine?
Authors: Tupper Andrew S , Pudritz Ralph E , Higgs Paul G 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost scenarios for the origin of life assume that RNA played a key role in both catalysis and information storage. The A, U, G, and C nucleobases in modern RNA all participate in secondary structure formation and replication. However, the rapid deamination of C to U and the absence of C in meteorite samples suggest that prebiotic RNA may have been deficient in cytosine. Here, we assess the ability of RNA sequences formed from a three-letter AUG alphabet to perform both structural and genetic roles in comparison to sequences formed from the AUGC alphabet. Despite forming less thermodynamically stable helices, the AUG alphabet can find a broad range of structures and thus appears sufficient for catalysis in the RNA World. However, in the AUG case, longer sequences are required to form structures with an equivalent complexity. Replication in the AUG alphabet requires GU pairing. Sequence fidelity in the AUG alphabet is low whenever G’s are present in the sequence. We find that AUG sequences evolve to AU sequences if GU pairing is rare, and to RU sequences if GU pairing is common (R denotes A or G). It is not possible to conserve a G at a specific site in either case. These problems do not rule out the possibility of an RNA World based on AUG, but they show that it wouldbe significantly more difficult than with a four-base alphabet.
An Outbreak of Brucellosis: An Adult and Pediatric Case Series
Authors: Hassouneh Linda , Quadri Syeda , Pichilingue-Reto Patricia , Chaisavaneeyakorn Sujittra , Cutrell James B , Wetzel Dawn M , Nijhawan Ank E 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis is recognized as a neglected zoonotic disease and a major public health threat. The purpose of this study was to characterize epidemiological risk factors and healthcare utilization and compare clinical aspects of disease among adult and pediatric cases in North Texas.MethodsA retrospective chart review of electronic medical records was completed at 3 large tertiary centers—Parkland Health and Hospital System, Clements University Hospital, and Children’s Medical Center—between January 1, 2007 and June 1, 2017. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables were collected. Cases were defined as confirmed or probable.ResultsTwenty-eight cases of brucellosis were identified: 26 confirmed (9 children, 17 adults) and 2 probable cases (1 child, 1 adult). Half (n = 14) were diagnosed in 2016 during an outbreak in Dallas County. Risk factors associated with infection were consumption of unpasteurized cheese (71%), recent travel (54%), close contact to a confirmed human brucellosis case (36%), and exposure to animals (11%). Median days of symptoms was 10 and 16 for children and adults, respectively. The majority (79%) of patients visited the emergency department before diagnosis and 93% were hospitalized. Fever was the most common symptom in children (80%) and adults (100%). Hepatitis (75% of children) and anemia (82% of adults) were the most common laboratory abnormalities. The most common complication in children was splenic lesions (40%), and the most common complication in adults was hepato/splenomegaly (39%).ConclusionsThe diagnosis of Brucella infection requires a high index of suspicion and should be considered in patients presenting with a febrile illness and a compatible exposure history.
The Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy and Its Judicious Use
Authors: Cohen-Gadol Aaron 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The concept of maximizing bone removal along the skull base has been advocated to expand the operative space for large, firm, and encasing ventral and ventrolateral skull base tumors. However, indications for the use of such osteotomies have not been well defined. The improved maneuverability and enhanced extent of expansion of the operative corridor via the skull base approaches compared to those of standard craniotomies have been based on cadaveric studies that might not simulate the operative environment realistically. Bony removal alone is not adequate to protect neurovascular structures, and strategic use of dynamic retraction and innovative operative routes are some of the other factors that contribute to successful microsurgery. In this analysis, the more discriminate indications and modified techniques for orbitozygomatic osteotomy are discussed.
Second data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
Authors: Aihara Hiroaki , AlSayyad Yusra , Ando Makoto , Armstrong Robert , Bosch James , Egami Eiichi , Furusawa Hisanori , Furusawa Junko , Goulding Andy , Harikane Yuichi , Hikage Chiaki , Ho Paul T P , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Huang Song , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Imanishi Masatoshi , Ito Kei , Iwata Ikuru , Jaelani Anton T , Kakuma Ryota , Kawana Kojiro , Kikuta Satoshi , Kobayashi Umi , Koike Michitaro , Komiyama Yutaka , Li Xiangchong , Liang Yongming , Lin Yen-Ting , Luo Wentao , Lupton Robert , Lust Nate B , MacArthur Lauren A , Matsuoka Yoshiki , Mineo Sogo , Miyatake Hironao , Miyazaki Satoshi , More Surhud , Murata Ryoma , Namiki Shigeru V , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Oguri Masamune , Okabe Nobuhiro , Okamoto Sakurako , Okura Yuki , Ono Yoshiaki , Onodera Masato , Onoue Masafusa , Osato Ken , Ouchi Masami , Shibuya Takatoshi , Strauss Michael A , Sugiyama Naoshi , Suto Yasushi , Takada Masahiro , Takagi Yuhei , Takata Tadafumi , Takita Satoshi , Tanaka Masayuki , Terai Tsuyoshi , Toba Yoshiki , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Utsumi Yousuke , Wang Shiang-Yu , Wang Wenting , Yamada Yoshihiko 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the second data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program, a wide-field optical imaging survey using the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. The release includes data from 174 nights of observation through 2018 January. The Wide layer data cover about 300 deg$^2$ in all five broad-band filters ($grizy$) to the nominal survey exposure (10 min in $gr$ and 20 min in $izy$). Partially observed areas are also included in the release; about 1100 deg$^2$ is observed in at least one filter and one exposure. The median seeing in the i-band is ${0_{.}^{\prime \prime }6}$, demonstrating the superb image quality of the survey. The Deep (26 deg$^2$) and UltraDeep (4 deg$^2$) data are jointly processed and the UltraDeep-COSMOS field reaches an unprecedented depth of $i\sim 28$ at $5 \, \sigma$ for point sources. In addition to the broad-band data, narrow-band data are also available in the Deep and UltraDeep fields. This release includes a major update to the processing pipeline, including improved sky subtraction, PSF modeling, object detection, and artifact rejection. The overall data quality has been improved, but this release is not without problems; there is a persistent deblender problem as well as new issues with masks around bright stars. The user is encouraged to review the issue list before utilizing the data for scientific explorations. All the image products as well as catalog products are available for download. The catalogs are also loaded into a database, which provides an easy interface for users to retrieve data for objects of interest. In addition to these main data products, detailed galaxy shape measurements withheld from Public Data Release 1 (PDR1) are now available to the community. The shape catalog is drawn from the S16A internal release, which has a larger area than PDR1 (160 deg$^2$). All products are available at the data release site, https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp/.
Strengthening the approach to oral health policy and practice in Canada
Authors: Hachey Shauna , Clovis Joanne , Lamarche Kimberley 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Evidence suggests that Canadian children from marginalized populations experience higher rates of oral diseases than their more fortunate counterparts. Oral health care in Canada is a nearly exclusively privatized and siloed system. In order to close the gap in child oral health, a combination of cohesive strategies and accessible providers is essential. The Health Impact Pyramid is a paradigm to guide health policy and programming with ready application to oral health care in Canada for the delivery of evidence-based oral health interventions with high impact. A collaborative approach among primary care providers (oral health and nonoral health), educators and the public sector, and the utilization of oral health service providers to their full scope of practice is needed to access priority populations and to deliver the most impactful interventions. Strengthening the approach to oral health care in Canada is necessary to reduce the inequities in oral health and, in turn, overall child health.