bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microhabitat use during brumation in the Japanese treefrog, Dryophytes japonicus
Authors: Borzée Amaël , Kim Miyeon , Kim Jun Young , Kim Taeho , Jang Yikweon 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Although amphibians undergo drastic changes in physiology and behaviour before hibernation, this phase of their life cycle (i.e., brumation) is the least understood. We investigated the patterns of microhabitat use by Dryophytes japonicus during brumation using a Harmonic Direction Finder to track 27 adults in October 2013. Most frogs used chestnut trees throughout their diel cycle. The species was most active within the “leafy vegetation” microhabitat, moving about 2 m within 72 h on average, and mostly circa 10 AM. Frogs moved less in the four other microhabitats, with individuals moving between 1 m and 50 cm, typically during the early afternoon. Around 3 pm, the microhabitat mostly used was “on bark”, with displacements almost totally halted. The use of microhabitats and shelters, as well as movements in relation to time of day, suggests that D. japonicus displays behavioural thermoregulation during brumation. This research is the first providing insights in the brumation ecology of a non-freeze-resistant Palearctic anuran.
Visual communication and aggressive behaviour in a giant mute torrent-frog, Megaelosia apuana (Anura; Hylodidae)
Authors: Augusto-Alves Guilherme , Dena Simone A. , Toledo Luís F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Advertisement call is the most common signal used by anurans for intraspecific communication. However, some species have lost the ability to emit these vocalizations and are denoted as mute. Alternatively, these species may communicate by visual, tactile and chemical signals. The lack of advertisement call could be explained by the high background noise of breeding microhabitats. A model group to study alternative communication tactics is the genus Megaelosia, which is composed by seven mute species that inhabit noisy streams, and for which no information on intraspecific communication is available. We monitored a population of M. apuana and described its visual signalling during aggressive interactions between males. This interaction included visual signalling, physical combat, and the retreat of the smaller individual. No audible sound was detected during the whole aggressive interaction, reinforcing the genus muteness. This is the first report of any communication behaviour for the genus Megaelosia.
Three Buddhist Texts from Dunhuang
Authors: Goble Geoffrey C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract“Three Buddhist Texts from Dunhuang” provides an introduction to and translation of texts that are representative of the larger genre of Chinese Buddhist medical literature. These examples are indigenous Chinese Buddhist scriptures dating to the early ninth century. They were recovered in the early twentieth century at Dunhuang in western China. Although they often draw from Indian Buddhist sources, these texts are local Chinese products and are characterized by etiologies and therapeutics drawn from both Indian Buddhist traditions and Chinese worldviews. In these texts, disease is alternately the result of personal immorality, divine retribution, and collective misconduct. The prescribed therapies are also multiple, but consistently social in nature. These include worshiping buddhas and Buddhist deities, performing repentance rituals, copying Buddhist scriptures, sponsoring meals, and refraining from immoral behavior. As manuscripts essentially discoveredin situ, these texts provide valuable insight into on-the-ground worldviews, concerns, practices, and institutions in far western China. With their composite nature, drawing from established Indian Buddhist scriptures, folk beliefs, and governmental fiats, they are also suggestive of the strategies behind indigenous textual production.
Effects of Wave–Current Interactions on Suspended-Sediment Dynamics during Strong Wave Events in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China
Authors: Gao Guan Dong , Wang Xiao Hua , Song Dehai , Bao Xianwen , Yin Bao Shu , Yang De Zhou , Ding Yang , Li Haoqian , Hou Fang , Ren Zhaopeng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWave–current interactions are crucial to suspended-sediment dynamics, but the roles of the associated physical mechanisms, the depth-dependent wave radiation stress, Stokes drift velocity, vertical transfer of wave-generated pressure transfer to the mean momentum equation (form drag), wave dissipation as a source term in the turbulence kinetic energy equation, and mean current advection and refraction of wave energy, have not yet been fully understood. Therefore, in this study, a computationally fast wave model developed by Mellor et al., a Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) hydrodynamics model, and the sediment model developed by the University of New South Wales are two-way coupled to study the effect of each wave–current interaction mechanism on suspended-sediment dynamics near shore during strong wave events in a tidally dominated and semiclosed bay, Jiaozhou Bay, as a case study. Comparison of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager data and model results demonstrates that the inclusion of just the combined wave–current bottom stress in the model, as done in most previous studies, is clearly far from adequate to model accurately the suspended-sediment dynamics. The effect of each mechanism in the wave–current coupled processes is also investigated separately through numerical simulations. It is found that, even though the combined wave–current bottom stress has the largest effect, the combined effect of the other wave–current interactions, mean current advection and refraction of wave energy, wave radiation stress, and form drag (from largest to smallest effect), are comparable. These mechanisms can cause significant variation in the current velocities, vertical mixing, and even the bottom stress, and should obviously be paid more attention when modeling suspended-sediment dynamics during strong wave events.
Upper Airway Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: 5‐Year Outcomes
Authors: Woodson B. Tucker , Strohl Kingman P. , Soose Ryan J. , Gillespie M. Boyd , Maurer Joachim T. , de Vries Nico , Padhya Tapan A. , Badr M. Safwan , Lin Ho‐sheng , Vanderveken Olivier M. , Mickelson Sam , Strollo Patrick J. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo present 5‐year outcomes from a prospective cohort of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who were treated with upper airway stimulation (UAS) via a unilateral hypoglossal nerve implant.Study DesignA multicenter prospective cohort study.SettingIndustry‐supported multicenter academic and clinical trial.MethodsFrom a cohort of 126 patients, 97 completed protocol, and 71 consented to a voluntary polysomnogram. Those having continuous positive airway pressure failure with moderate to severe OSA, body mass index <32 kg/m2, and no unfavorable collapse on drug‐induced sleep endoscopy were enrolled in a phase 3 trial. Prospective outcomes included apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index, and adverse events, as well as measures of sleepiness, quality of life, and snoring.ResultsPatients who did and did not complete the protocol differed in baseline AHI, oxygen desaturation index, and Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire scores but not in any other demographics or treatment response measures. Improvement in sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and quality of life was observed, with normalization of scores increasing from 33% to 78% and 15% to 67%, respectively. AHI response rate (AHI <20 events per hour and >50% reduction) was 75% (n = 71). When a last observation carried forward analysis was applied, the responder rate was 63% at 5 years. Serious device‐related events all related to lead/device adjustments were reported in 6% of patients.ConclusionsImprovements in sleepiness, quality of life, and respiratory outcomes are observed with 5 years of UAS. Serious adverse events are uncommon. UAS is a nonanatomic surgical treatment with long‐term benefit for individuals with moderate to severe OSA who have failed nasal continuous positive airway pressure.
Minimal Invasive Fixation Can Decrease Infection Rates in Diabetic and Obese Patients With Severe Ankle Fracture and Syndesmotic Injury
Authors: Ebraheim Nabil A. , Dailey Matthew , Huff Scott , Qu Yihuai , White Erik , Liu Jiayong 
Published: March 2018

Background. Ankle fractures involving syndesmosis disruption cause severely unstable joint conditions. Traditional invasive operations put certain patient groups at an increased risk of infection. There is limited literature discussing the outcomes of minimally invasive fixation of severe ankle fractures including syndesmotic injury, as clinicians may be tempted to treat these difficult cases with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Methods. A retrospective case-control study was conducted on patients treated at a level one trauma center. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on presence of diabetes and/or obesity (body mass index ≥30.0 kg/m2). Those with either comorbidity were defined as high infection risk patients and placed in a comorbidity group. Patients were further divided into subgroups based on the operation’s invasiveness; either traditional ORIF or percutaneous cannulated screw fixation. Results. Comorbid patients (N = 67) were more likely to sustain Weber C fractures compared to noncomorbid patients (N = 43) (59.70% to 37.21%, P = .019). Additionally, patients receiving minimally invasive fixation procedures experienced fewer infections than those receiving ORIF (0 vs 11 incidences, P = .01), without effect on union rates, fracture reduction, pain, need for revision surgery, or time to full weightbearing. Conclusions: Diabetic and obese patients are at an increased risk of experiencing severe ankle fractures. The use of minimally invasive fixation methods can reduce the risk of postoperative infection without sacrificing other surgical outcomes, even with fractures involving syndesmotic injury. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III: Retrospective comparative study
Effect of the CCL5-Releasing Fibrin Gel for Intervertebral Disc Regeneration
Authors: Zhou Zhiyu , Zeiter Stephan , Schmid Tanja , Sakai Daisuke , Iatridis James C. , Zhou Guangqian , Richards R. Geoff , Alini Mauro , Grad Sibylle , Li Zhen 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo explore if chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) delivery could recruit annulus fibrosus (AF) cells to the injury sites and facilitate the repair of ruptured AF.DesignThe effects of CCL5 on bovine AF cells in vitro were tested by transwell assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fibrin gel containing CCL5 was used to treat annulotomized bovine caudal discs cultured under dynamic loading conditions. After 14 days of loading, the samples were collected for histological examination. A pilot animal study was performed using sheep cervical discs to investigate the effect of fibrin gel encapsulated with CCL5 for the treatment of ruptured AF. After 14 weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the discs were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging before histopathological examination.ResultsCCL5 showed a chemotactic effect on AF cells in a dose-dependent manner. AF cells cultured with CCL5 in vitro did not show any change of the gene expression of CCL5 receptors, catabolic and proinflammatory markers. In vitro release study showed that CCL5 exhibited sustained release from the fibrin gel into the culture media; however, in the organ culture study CCL5 did not stimulate homing of AF cells toward the defect sites. The pilot animal study did not show any repair effect of CCL5.ConclusionsCCL5 has a chemotactic effect on AF cells in vitro, but no ex vivo or in vivo regenerative effect when delivered within fibrin gel. Further study with a stronger chemotactic agent and/or an alternate biomaterial that is more conductive of cell migration is warranted.
Feasibility of mesenchymal stem cell culture expansion for a phase I clinical trial in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Planchon Sarah M , Lingas Karen T , Reese Koç Jane , Hooper Brittney M , Maitra Basabi , Fox Robert M , Imrey Peter B , Drake Kylie M , Aldred Micheala A , Lazarus Hillard M , Cohen Jeffrey A 
Published: March 2018

Background Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system for which therapeutic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is under study. Published experience of culture-expanding multiple sclerosis patients’ mesenchymal stem cells for clinical trials is limited. Objective To determine the feasibility of culture-expanding multiple sclerosis patients’ mesenchymal stem cells for clinical use. Methods In a phase I trial, autologous, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from 25 trial participants with multiple sclerosis and eight matched controls, and culture-expanded to a target single dose of 1–2 × 106 cells/kg. Viability, cell product identity and sterility were assessed prior to infusion. Cytogenetic stability was assessed by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from 18 multiple sclerosis patients and five controls. Results One patient failed screening. Mesenchymal stem cell culture expansion was successful for 24 of 25 multiple sclerosis patients and six of eight controls. The target dose was achieved in 16–62 days, requiring two to three cell passages. Growth rate and culture success did not correlate with demographic or multiple sclerosis disease characteristics. Cytogenetic studies identified changes on one chromosome of one control (4.3%) after extended time in culture. Conclusion Culture expansion of mesenchymal stem cells from multiple sclerosis patients as donors is feasible. However, culture time should be minimized for cell products designated for therapeutic administration.
Does the Rotator Cuff Tear Pattern Influence Clinical Outcomes After Surgical Repair?
Authors: Watson Scott , Allen Benjamin , Robbins Chris , Bedi Asheesh , Gagnier Joel J. , Miller Bruce 
Published: March 2018

Background: Limited literature exists regarding the influence of rotator cuff tear morphology on patient outcomes. Purpose: To determine the effect of rotator cuff tear pattern (crescent, U-shape, L-shape) on patient-reported outcomes after rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of known full-thickness rotator cuff tears were observed prospectively at regular intervals from baseline to 1 year. The tear pattern was classified at the time of surgery as crescent, U-shaped, or L-shaped. Primary outcome measures were the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. The tear pattern was evaluated as the primary predictor while controlling for variables known to affect rotator cuff outcomes. Mixed-methods regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the effects of tear morphology on patient-reported outcomes after surgical repair from baseline to 1 year. Results: A total of 82 patients were included in the study (53 male, 29 female; mean age, 58 years [range, 41-75 years]). A crescent shape was the most common tear pattern (54%), followed by U-shaped (25%) and L-shaped tears (21%). There were no significant differences in outcome scores between the 3 groups at baseline. All 3 groups showed statistically significant improvement from baseline to 1 year, but analysis failed to show any predictive effect in the change in outcome scores from baseline to 1 year for the WORC, ASES, or VAS when tear pattern was the primary predictor. Further ANOVA also failed to show any significant difference in the change in outcome scores from baseline to 1 year for the WORC ( P = .96), ASES ( P = .71), or VAS ( P = .86). Conclusion: Rotator cuff tear pattern is not a predictor of functional outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Relationship Between Psychosocial Distress in Pregnancy and Two Genes Associated With Human Social Interaction: A Pilot Study
Authors: Dewell Sarah , Slater Donna , Benzies Karen , McDonald Sheila , Tough Suzanne 
Published: March 2018

Background Prenatal depression, anxiety, and stress (prenatal psychosocial distress) are common, and several environmental risk factors have been implicated in their development. Variation in genes, specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), may explain why some women develop maternal mental health concerns while others do not. Purpose The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of completing SNP analyses using whole blood collected prenatally between 2008 and 2011. We examined the association between SNPs in two genes ( FKBP5 and OXTR) among women with low and high prenatal psychosocial distress. Methods A subset ( N = 50, 25 high and 25 low prenatal psychosocial distress) of participants was selected from the All Our Families pregnancy cohort. DNA was extracted from maternal blood and used for selected SNP analysis. Participants’ scores on the Edinburgh Prenatal Depression Scale, Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale were used along with demographic variables. Results Genotype distribution was not significantly different between the low and high prenatal psychosocial distress groups for either the FKBP5 or the OXTR SNP ( p = .699 and p = .125). After controlling for maternal age and income, women with the GG genotype at the OXTR SNP (rs237885) were statistically less likely to be in the high prenatal psychosocial distress group ( p = .037). Conclusion OXTR SNP rs237885, maternal age, and lower income were associated with prenatal psychosocial distress. This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of continuing to a larger study that incorporates additional environmental and genetic information.
Overall Survival Benefit in Patients With Rituximab-Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Who Received Obinutuzumab Plus Bendamustine Induction and Obinutuzumab Maintenance in the GADOLIN Study
Authors: Cheson Bruce D. , Chua Neil , Mayer Jiri , Dueck Greg , Trněný Marek , Bouabdallah Kamal , Fowler Nathan , Delwail Vincent , Press (Deceased) Oliver , Salles Gilles , Gribben John G. , Lennard Anne , Lugtenburg Pieternella J. , Fingerle-Rowson Günter , Mattiello Federico , Knapp Andrea , Sehn Laurie H. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeTo perform an updated analysis of the randomized phase III GADOLIN trial in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with obinutuzumab (GA101; G) and bendamustine (B).Patients and MethodsPatients with histologically documented, rituximab-refractory CD20+indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma received G 1,000 mg (days 1, 8, and 15, cycle 1; day 1, cycles 2 to 6) plus B 90 mg/m2/d (days 1 and 2, all cycles) or B 120 mg/m2/d monotherapy. Patients who did not experience disease progression with G-B received G maintenance (1,000 mg every 2 months) for up to 2 years. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsOf 413 randomly assigned patients (intention-to-treat [ITT]: G-B, n = 204; B monotherapy, n = 209), 335 had follicular lymphoma (FL; G-B, n = 164; B monotherapy, n = 171). After a median follow-up of 31.8 months, median PFS in ITT patients was 25.8 months (G-B) and 14.1 months (B monotherapy; hazard ratio [HR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.73; P < .001). Overall survival (OS) also was prolonged (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.96; P = .027). PFS and OS benefits were similar in patients with FL. Grade 3 to 5 adverse events (AEs) were reported by 148 (72.5%) and 133 (65.5%) patients in the G-B and B monotherapy arms, respectively, most commonly neutropenia (G-B, 34.8%; B monotherapy, 27.1%), thrombocytopenia (10.8% and 15.8%), anemia (7.4% and 10.8%), and infusion-related reactions (9.3% and 3.4%). Serious AEs occurred in 89 G-B patients (43.6%) and 75 B monotherapy patients (36.9%); fatal AEs occurred in 16 (7.8%) and 13 (6.4%), respectively.ConclusionThis updated analysis confirms the PFS benefit for G-B shown in the primary analysis. A substantial OS benefit also was demonstrated in the ITT population and in patients with FL. Toxicity was similar for both treatments.
Substratum stiffness tunes proliferation downstream of Wnt3a in part by regulating integrin-linked kinase and frizzled-1
Authors: Han Siyang , Pang Mei-Fong , Nelson Celeste M. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls a variety of cellular behaviors, aberrant activation of which are associated with tumor progression in several types of cancer. The same cellular behaviors are also affected by the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) substratum, which induces signaling through integrins and integrin-linked kinase (ILK). Here, we examined the role of substratum stiffness in the regulation of cell proliferation downstream of Wnt3a. We found that treatment with Wnt3a increased proliferation of cells cultured on stiff substrata, with compliances characteristic of breast tumors, but not of cells on soft substrata, with compliances comparable to that of normal mammary tissue. Depleting ILK rendered cells unresponsive to Wnt3a on both substrata. Ectopic expression of ILK permitted Wnt3a to induce proliferation of cells on both microenvironments, although proliferation on soft substrata remained lower than that on stiff substrata. We further showed that ILK regulates expression of the Wnt receptor frizzled-1 (Fzd1), suggesting the presence of a positive feedback loop between Wnt3a, ILK and Fzd1. These findings suggest that tissue mechanics regulates the cellular response to Wnt under physiological and pathological microenvironmental conditions.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Efficacy of Testosterone plus NASA Exercise Countermeasures during Head-Down Bed Rest
Authors: DILLON E. LICHAR , SHEFFIELD-MOORE MELINDA , DURHAM WILLIAM J. , PLOUTZ-SNYDER LORI L. , RYDER JEFFREY W. , DANESI CHRISTOPHER P. , RANDOLPH KATHLEEN M. , GILKISON CHARLES R. , URBAN RANDALL J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prolonged confinement to head-down bed rest (HDBR) results in musculoskeletal losses similar to those observed during long-duration space flight. Exercise countermeasures by themselves have not completely prevented the deleterious losses in muscle mass or function in HDBR or space flight.

Purpose
The objective was to investigate the safety and efficacy of intermittent, low-dose testosterone treatment in conjunction with NASA exercise (SPRINT) countermeasures during 70 d of 6° HDBR.

Methods
Healthy men (35 ± 8 yr) were randomized into one of three groups that remained inactive (CON) or performed exercise 6 d·wk−1 in addition to receiving either placebo (PEX) or testosterone treatment (TEX, 100 mg·wk−1). Testosterone/placebo injections were administered once a week for 2 wk, followed by 2 wk off and so on, during HDBR.

Results
Total, leg, and trunk lean body mass (LBM) consistently decreased in CON, increased in TEX, and had little or no changes in PEX. Total, leg, and trunk fat mass consistently increased in CON and PEX and decreased in TEX. Leg strength decreased in CON, whereas PEX and TEX were protected against loss in strength. Changes in leg LBM correlated positively with changes in leg muscle strength.

Conclusions
Addition of a testosterone countermeasure enhanced the preventative actions of exercise against body composition changes during long-term HDBR in healthy eugonadal men. This is the first report to demonstrate that cycled, low-dose testosterone treatment increases LBM under conditions of strict exercise control. These results are clinically relevant to the development of safe and effective therapies against muscle atrophy during long-term bed rest, aging, and disease where loss of muscle mass and strength is a risk. The potential space flight applications of such countermeasure combinations deserve further investigations.