bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The status of sociology
Authors: Bruce Steve 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
‘The status of sociology’ asks whether sociology can be scientific. Some forms of sociological research follow the models of the physical sciences, but there are some fundamental limits to such imitation. We need to appreciate the differences between the subject matter of the natural and the human sciences. People think and feel. They act as they do, not because they are bound to follow unvarying rules but because they have beliefs, values, interests, and intentions. For the sociologist there is always a further step to take. Our notion of explanation does not stop at identifying regular patterns in social action.
Patient cardiovascular risk self-management: results from a randomized trial of motivational interviewing delivered by practice nurses
Authors: Huntink Elke , Koetsenruijter Jan , Wensing Michel , van Lieshout Jan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
To enhance cardiovascular risk management and patients’ self-management, a tailored programme to improve cardiovascular risk management was tested in a randomized trial. The presented study concerned secondary analysis.

Objectives
To explore the correlations of practice nurses’ counselling skills at baseline on chronic illness care (measured with Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care questionnaire) and patients’ self-management (assessed with Patient Activation Measure) at follow-up and to examine the effect of the tailored implementation programme on chronic illness care and patients’ self-management.

Methods
A two-arm cluster randomized trial was conducted in 34 general practices in the Netherlands. Counselling skills of practice nurses at baseline were abstracted from audio-taped consultations, which were assessed by Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity. Data of 2184 patients with established cardiovascular disease or at high cardiovascular risk were gathered at inclusion and at 6 months follow-up by a composite questionnaire. Multilevel regression analysis was applied, controlling for patient characteristics.

Results
Counselling skills of practice nurses were not associated with chronic illness care and patients’ self-management scores. At follow-up, patients in the intervention group experienced less chronic illness care and were less activated in disease management than patients in the control group. The most important predictors were patients’ age, gender and education level.

Conclusions
The logic model underlying the implementation programme needs to be reconsidered, because patient perceptions were neither influenced by nurses’ counselling skills nor by other components of the implementation programme.
Cryptococcal Meningitis and Tuberculous Meningitis Co-infection in HIV-Infected Ugandan Adults
Authors: Ellis Jayne , Cresswell Fiona V , Rhein Joshua , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Boulware David R 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We report 5 HIV-infected Ugandan adults with cryptococcal and tuberculous (TB) meningitis co-infection. All unmasked meningitis occurred within 5 weeks of starting HIV therapy. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra facilitated prompt diagnosis; however, 60% in-hospital mortality occurred. TB meningitis coinfection prevalence was 0.8% (5/586) among cryptococcal meningitis, 2 during second cryptococcal episodes.
Psoriatic arthritis screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Iragorri Nicolas , Hazlewood Glen , Manns Braden , Danthurebandara Vishva , Spackman Eldon 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
To systematically review the accuracy and characteristics of different questionnaire-based PsA screening tools.

Methods
A systematic review of MEDLINE, Excerpta Medical Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science was conducted to identify studies that evaluated the accuracy of self-administered PsA screening tools for patients with psoriasis. A bivariate meta-analysis was used to pool screening tool-specific accuracy estimates (sensitivity and specificity). Heterogeneity of the diagnostic odds ratio was evaluated through meta-regression. All full-text records were assessed for risk of bias with the QUADAS 2 tool.

Results
A total of 2280 references were identified and 130 records were assessed for full-text review, of which 42 were included for synthesis. Of these, 27 were included in quantitative syntheses. Of the records, 37% had an overall low risk of bias. Fourteen different screening tools and 104 separate accuracy estimates were identified. Pooled sensitivity and specificity estimates were calculated for the Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation (cut-off = 44), Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation (47), Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Screening (8), Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool (3) and Early Psoriatic Arthritis Screening Questionnaire (3). The Early Psoriatic Arthritis Screening Questionnaire reported the highest sensitivity and specificity (0.85 each). The I2 for the diagnostic odds ratios varied between 76 and 90.1%. Meta-regressions were conducted, in which the age, risk of bias for patient selection and the screening tool accounted for some of the observed heterogeneity.

Conclusions
Questionnaire-based tools have moderate accuracy to identify PsA among psoriasis patients. The Early Psoriatic Arthritis Screening Questionnaire appears to have slightly better accuracy compared with the Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Screening, Psoriasis Epidemiology Screening Tool and Psoriatic Arthritis Screening and Evaluation. An economic evaluation could model the uncertainty and estimate the cost-effectiveness of PsA screening programs that use different tools.
Depo-Provera increases neural activity in the central amygdala of reindeer bulls
Authors: Ziegler R L , Austin K J , Blake J E , Rowell J E , Cupp A S , Shipka M P , Alexander B M 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Reindeer bulls are difficult to manage and dangerous to handlers during the rutting period. Progesterone agonists have been used anecdotally in the field to favorably influence behavior, but effects on reproductive signaling have not been determined. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Depo-Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) on neural activity in the amygdala of reindeer bulls in the early (n = 4) and full (n = 4) rut. Treated bulls (n = 4) were injected with a single injection of Depo-Provera (400 mg i.m.) approximately 2 wk before rut was initiated. Control bulls were untreated. Bulls were exsanguinated and brains collected. Neural activity in the amygdala was determined using c-fos immunohistochemistry. Neural activity did not differ by treatment (P ≥ 0.5), collection period (P ≥ 0.5), or their interaction (P ≥ 0.3) in the medial and cortical amygdala nuclei. A treatment × time interaction (P = 0.009) was observed in the central amygdala. The amygdala nuclei are interconnected allowing for integration of sensory stimuli with a direct connection between the medial amygdala and the olfactory bulb. The central amygdala is responsible for alerting, fear, and initiating a state of arousal towards nonspecific stimuli in the surrounding environment. In wildlife, the central amygdala has a role in recognizing threats in the environment such as predators. During the rut, bulls normally have a decreased sense of fear and elevated aggressive behavior with Depo-Provera treatment seemly able to diminish that aggression. Although it is unlikely that this observed change in neural activity fully explains the decreased aggressive behavior noted in bulls treated with Depo-Provera, neural networks of aggression include the amygdala. It is possible that further changes in c-fos activity will be noted in other areas of the brain known to be necessary for processing social cues. Bulls treated with Depo-Provera maintain sexual interest and have offspring. Depo-Prevera increases the neural activity within the central amygdala and may partially account for their altered aggressive behavior during the rut.
Impact of 24-h feed or water, or both, deprivation on feed intake, metabolic, and inflammatory response in beef heifers
Authors: Rett B , Marques R S , Brandão A P , de Sousa O A , Schumaher T F , Cooke R F , Bohnert D W 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effects of 24-h feed or water, or both, restriction on hay intake, metabolic, and inflammatory response in growing beef heifers. Forty Angus × Hereford heifers were ranked by initial body weight (BW) (275 ± 6 kg) and age (278 ± 6 d) and randomly allocated to 20 drylot pens (two heifers per pen) in 5, consecutively run, 4 × 4 Latin squares containing four periods of 17 d each. From days 5 to 0 of each period, all pens were offered alfalfa-grass hay ad libitum plus 454 g of dried distillers’ grains with solubles (as-fed basis) per heifer/d. On day 0 of each period, pens received one of the four treatments: 1) feed and water restriction for 24 h (FWR), 2) feed restriction for 24 h (FR), 3) water restriction for 24 h (WR), or 4) full access to feed and water (CON). Treatments were concurrently applied from days 0 to 1. Heifer full BW was collected for two consecutive days (days 6 and 5), before (day 0) and after (day 1) treatment application, and on days 3, 6, and 10 of each period. Hay dry matter intake was recorded daily from days 5 to 10. Blood was collected on days 5, 0, 1, 3, 6, and 10 of each experimental period. Following treatment on day 1, BW loss was greater, and heifer BW was less (P &lt; 0.01), for WR, FWR, and FR compared with CON, whereas similar (P &gt; 0.13) for BW loss and heifer BW among heifers that received nutrient restriction. No treatment effects were detected (P = 0.88) for overall ADG. Plasma cortisol concentration was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in FR and FWR vs. WR and CON on day 1, and similar (P = 0.46) between CON and WR. Serum NEFA concentration was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in FR and FWR vs. WR and CON on day 1, and also greater (P &lt; 0.01) in WR vs. CON heifers on day 1. No treatment effects were detected (P = 0.53) for plasma haptoglobin concentration. Hence, feed or water, or both, restriction for 24 h did not affect hay intake and ADG, whereas metabolic results suggest that nutrient deprivation is the major contributor to the increased cortisol and NEFA response of growing beef heifers.
Time of rumen fluid collection relative to feeding alters in vitro fermentation gas parameters
Authors: Brewster A N , Pless L A , McLean D J , Armstrong S A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time of rumen fluid collection relative to feeding on gas production kinetics for in vitro rumen fermentation. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein heifers were rumen fluid donors. Feed was removed from heifers 12 h prior to feeding, rumen fluid was collected from each heifer before feeding (0 h), and at 2, 4, and 6 h after feeding, repeated on three separate incubation days. Buffered rumen fluid (100 mL) was incubated in 250-mL bottles containing 1.4 g of dried TMR, in duplicate for each heifer at each collection time. All bottles were incubated for 24 h at 39°C and constant agitation (60 rpm), and capped with monitors to capture temperature and pressure every 15 min (RF1, Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY). At the end of incubation, final pH was recorded. Gas data were fit with nonlinear regression comparison of fit in GraphPad Prism 7 to find best fit regression. The formula with best fit was as follows: y = Vm(1 − (e(−Kd(x − lag)))), where y is gas produced at time X (mmol), Vm is the asymptotic gas production (mmol), Kd indicates the fractional rate of gas production (mmol/h), X is time (h), and lag refers to the lag time before the start of fermentation (h) as indicated by positive gas production (R2 = 0.98). Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS, with donor as the experimental unit and day as the random blocking factor; significance is defined as P ≤ 0.05. Time of rumen fluid collection significantly affected gas production kinetics (lag P = 0.01, VmP = 0.03, KdP &lt;0.0001). Gas production was highest in fermenter units fed with rumen fluid collected 2-h post-feeding. Fractional rate of fermentation (Kd) was fastest in rumen fluid collected at 0 h. Lag time was longest in rumen fluid collected at 4-h post-feeding and slowest in rumen fluid collected at 0 h. Time of rumen fluid collection did not alter final pH. Our findings suggest that gas production is maximized when rumen fluid is collected between 2 and 4 h after feeding.
Time of rumen fluid collection relative to feeding alters in vitro fermentation volatile fatty acid production
Authors: Pless L A , Brewster A N , McLean D J , Armstrong S A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of time of rumen fluid collection relative to feeding on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production for in vitro rumen fermentation. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein heifers were used as rumen fluid donors. Feed was removed from heifers 12 h prior to feeding, rumen fluid was collected from each heifer before feeding (0 h), and at 2, 4, and 6 h after feeding, repeated on three separate incubation days. Buffered rumen fluid (100 mL) was incubated in 250-mL bottles containing 1.4 g of dried TMR, in duplicate for each heifer at each collection time. All bottles were incubated for 24 h at 39°C and constant agitation (60 rpm), and capped with monitors to capture temperature and pressure every 15 min (RF1, Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY). At the end of incubation, final pH and a sample of rumen fluid were collected for VFA and ammonia nitrogen. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS, with donor as the experimental unit and day as the random blocking factor; significance is defined as P ≤ 0.05. Time of rumen fluid collection significantly affected acetate (mmol/liter; P = 0.0004), propionate (mmol/liter; P = 0.02), isobutyrate (mmol/liter; P &lt; 0.0001), valerate (mmol/liter; P = 0.004), isovalerate (mmol/liter; P &lt; 0.00001), and total VFA concentrations (mmol/liter; P = 0.004). All VFA relative proportions were altered due to time of rumen fluid collection (P &lt; 0.02). VFA production was highest when rumen fluid was collected 4-h post-feeding. There was little to no effect on pH. Our findings suggest that VFA production is maximized when rumen fluid is collected between 2 and 4 h after feeding.
Dynamic Prediction of Survival in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Keogh Ruth H. , Seaman Shaun R. , Barrett Jessica K. , Taylor-Robinson David , Szczesniak Rhonda 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, chronic, progressive condition affecting around 10,000 individuals in the United Kingdom and over 70,000 worldwide. Survival in CF has improved considerably over recent decades, and it is important to provide up-to-date information on patient prognosis.

Methods:
The UK Cystic Fibrosis Registry is a secure centralized database, which collects annual data on almost all CF patients in the United Kingdom. Data from 43,592 annual records from 2005 to 2015 on 6181 individuals were used to develop a dynamic survival prediction model that provides personalized estimates of survival probabilities given a patient’s current health status using 16 predictors. We developed the model using the landmarking approach, giving predicted survival curves up to 10 years from 18 to 50 years of age. We compared several models using cross-validation.

Results:
The final model has good discrimination (C-indexes: 0.873, 0.843, and 0.804 for 2-, 5-, and 10-year survival prediction) and low prediction error (Brier scores: 0.036, 0.076, and 0.133). It identifies individuals at low and high risk of short- and long-term mortality based on their current status. For patients 20 years of age during 2013–2015, for example, over 80% had a greater than 95% probability of 2-year survival and 40% were predicted to survive 10 years or more.

Conclusions:
Dynamic personalized prediction models can guide treatment decisions and provide personalized information for patients. Our application illustrates the utility of the landmarking approach for making the best use of longitudinal and survival data and shows how models can be defined and compared in terms of predictive performance.
Countering Unprofessional Behaviors Among Nurses in the Workplace
Authors: Filipova Anna A. 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE:
This study investigates the association of authentic leadership (AL) and perceived organizational support to workplace bullying among a sample of licensed practical nurses (LPNs).

BACKGROUND:
Workplace bullying is a serious problem in the workplace that harms nurses' physical and psychological well-being.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional survey design was implemented. A simple random sample of 855 was drawn from a population of 4306 LPNs in a single US Midwestern state. A total of 168 usable questionnaires were returned (19.65% response rate).

RESULTS:
Forty-three percent of nurses experienced at least 2 negative behaviors on a weekly/daily basis; 12% self-identified as a victim. The moral component of AL was a major determinant of overall workplace bullying (β = −.59), person-related bullying (β = −.70), and physical intimidation (β = −.58). Perceived support was a major determinant of work-related bullying (β = −.40).

CONCLUSIONS:
Organizational support initiatives and AL training for nurse leaders should be considered to reduce bullying.
Leadership Practices and Engagement Among Magnet® Hospital Chief Nursing Officers
Authors: Prado-Inzerillo MariLou , Clavelle Joanne T. , Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVE
Describe the relationship between leadership practices and engagement of chief nursing officers (CNOs) in Magnet® organizations.

BACKGROUND
Transformational leadership practices and CNO engagement are vital in influencing nursing practice.

METHODS
Magnet hospital CNOs were invited to participate in a quantitative descriptive study via an online survey published in 2 newsletters.

RESULTS
The CNOs rated their leadership practices high across all dimensions; the top leadership practice of Magnet CNOs was enabling others to act. There was a strong positive correlation between the vigor of engagement and the challenge the process leadership practice.

CONCLUSION
This is the 1st study of Magnet CNOs transformational leadership practices and their work engagement and therefore adds to our understanding of the important characteristics to build future leadership development programs for nurse leaders at the executive level. Particularly noteworthy for the development of future nurse executives is the strong link between vigor and challenging the process.
Effects of Twitch Contraction Induced by Magnetic Stimulation on Expression of Skeletal Muscle Fibrosis Related Genes and Limited Range of Motion in Rats
Authors: Kubo Kiyoko , Sakamoto Junya , Honda Ayana , Honda Yuichiro , Kataoka Hideki , Nakano Jiro , Okita Minoru 
Published: September 2018

Objective
We examined the effects of twitch contraction induced by lumbar spinal root magnetic stimulation on immobilization-induced limited range of motion and skeletal muscle fibrosis in rat soleus muscle.

Design
The groups included male Wistar rats (controls), rats with both bilateral ankle joints immobilized with plaster casts for 4 wks (immobilization [IM]), and rats in which twitch contraction of the soleus muscle was induced by lumbar magnetic stimulation for 4 wks of immobilization (twitch contraction [TC]). Group differences in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion, collagen content as determined by hydroxyproline assay, and the expression of fibrosis-related genes as determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (hypoxia inducible factor 1α, α-smooth muscle actin, and types I and III collagen) in the soleus muscle were examined after the 4-wk-long experiment.

Results
Range of motion in the TC group was significantly greater than that in the IM group. The hydroxyproline content and the expressions of fibrosis-related genes decreased significantly in the TC group compared with those in the IM group. No significant differences were seen in the expression of transforming growth factor β mRNA.

Conclusions
These results suggest that twitch contraction induced by lumbar spinal root magnetic stimulation may reduce immobilization-induced limited range of motion and skeletal muscle fibrosis.
State of the States: Growing Physiatry
Authors: Perret Danielle , Sunico Rachel , Knowlton Tiffany , Kezar Laura , Worsowicz Gregory , Whyte John 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The growth of physiatry in the United States is dependent on academic exposure at both the undergraduate and graduate medical education levels. Undergraduate medical education provides students with knowledge of physiatry, as well as proper understanding of human function, medical rehabilitation treatments, and of physiatrists as consultants. Graduate medical education contributes more directly to the total number of practicing physiatrists. This article presents disparities in medical student exposure to physiatry, physical medicine and rehabilitation residency positions, the number of practicing physiatrists, and physical medicine and rehabilitation–relevant patient care needs, by state. In the model, these disparities are highlighted to provide guidance and expose gaps/opportunities for targeted physiatric growth.
Motor Control Training Compared With Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Patients With Disc Herniation With Associated Radiculopathy
Authors: França Fábio Jorge Renovato , Callegari Bianca , Ramos Luiz Armando Vidal , Burke Thomaz Nogueira , Magalhães Maurício Oliveira , Comachio Josielli , CarvalhoSilva Ana Paula Moura Campos , Almeida Gabriel Peixoto Leão , Marques Amélia Pasqual 
Published: September 2018

Objective
The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of motor control training and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in relieving pain, reducing functional disability, and improving transversus abdominis activation in patients with lumbar disc herniation with associated radiculopathy.

Design
This is a randomized controlled trial.

Methods
Forty patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation were randomly divided into two groups: motor control training group (n = 20) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group (n = 20).

Interventions
The motor control training group and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation group attended 60 mini sessions twice a week for 8 wks, totaling to 16 sessions.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures are pain, functional disability, and transversus abdominis activation capacity.

Results
Differences between both groups were observed after 8 wks, favoring the motor control training group. Motor control training was more effective than transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in relieving pain (mean difference = 3.3 points, 95% confidence interval = 2.12–4.48), reducing functional disability (mean difference = 8.4 points, 95% confidence interval = 5.44–11.36), improving the quality of pain (mean difference = 17 points, 95% confidence interval = 7.93–26.07), sensory quality of pain (mean difference = 10.3 points, 95% confidence interval = 5.55–15.05), and transversus abdominis activation (mean difference = 1.5 points, 95% confidence interval = 0.90–2.10).

Conclusions
The results suggest that motor control training is more effective than transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with respect to relieving pain, reducing functional disability, and improving transversus abdominis activation in patients with lumbar disc herniation.