bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decadal–Multidecadal Variations of Asian Summer Rainfall from the Little Ice Age to the Present
Authors: Shi Hui , Wang Bin , Liu Jian , Liu Fei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFeatures of decadal–multidecadal variations of the Asian summer rainfall are revealed by analysis of the reconstructed Asian summer precipitation (RAP) dataset from 1470 to 2013. Significant low-frequency periodicities of the all-Asian rainfall (AAR) index (AARI) are found on decadal (8–10 yr), quasi-bidecadal (22 yr), and multidecadal (50–54 yr) time scales, as well as centennial time scales. The decadal and multidecadal peaks are mainly from the “monsoon Asia” area and the Maritime Continent, while the 22-yr peak is from the “arid Asia” area. A remarkable change of leading frequency from multidecadal to decadal after AD 1700 is detected across the entire Asian landmass. The leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes on the decadal and multidecadal time scales exhibit a uniform structure similar to that on the interannual time scale, suggesting a cross-time-scale, in-phase variation of the rainfall across continental Asia and the Maritime Continent. Enhanced AAR on a decadal time scale is found associated with the mega-La Niña sea surface temperature (SST) pattern over the Pacific. The AARI–mega-ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) relationship is persistently significant except from 1820 to around 1900. Enhanced decadal AAR is also found to be associated with extratropical North Atlantic warming. The AARI–AMO (Atlantic multidecadal oscillation) relationship, however, is nonstationary. On the multidecadal time scale, the AAR is significantly related to the AMO. Mechanisms associated with the decadal–multidecadal variability of AAR are also discussed.
Multiple Flood Experiences and Social Resilience: Findings from Three Surveys on Households and Companies Exposed to the 2013 Flood in Germany
Authors: Kuhlicke Christian , Masson Torsten , Kienzler Sarah , Sieg Tobias , Thieken Annegret H. , Kreibich Heidi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have explored the consequences of flood events for exposed households and companies by focusing on single flood events. Less is known about the consequences of experiencing repeated flood events for the resilience of households and companies. In this paper, we therefore explore how multiple floods experience affects the resilience of exposed households and companies. Resilience was made operational through individual appraisals of households and companies’ ability to withstand and recover from material as well as health and psychological impacts of the 2013 flood in Germany. The paper is based on three different datasets including more than 2000 households and 300 companies that were affected by the 2013 flood. The surveys revealed that the resilience of households seems to increase, but only with regard to their subjectively appraised ability to withstand impacts on mobile goods and equipment (e.g., cars, TV, and radios). In regard to the ability of households to withstand overall financial consequences of repetitive floods, evidence for nonlinear (quadratic) trends can be found. With regard to psychological and health-related consequences, the findings are mixed but provide tentative evidence for eroding resilience among households. Companies’ resilience increased with respect to material assets but appears to decrease with respect to ability to recover. We conclude by arguing that clear and operational definitions of resilience are required so that evidence-based resilience baselines can be established to assess whether resilience is eroding or improving over time.
Nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a meta-analysis
Authors: Meng Chan 
Published: August 2019

Objective The pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear, but is known to be related to increased insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. No meta-analyses have examined whether PCOS is associated with nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum/plasma nitrite levels and PCOS. Methods We performed a meta-analysis. To identify eligible original articles, we searched online computerized databases, including EMBASE, Medline, and Web of Science. The characteristics of each single study, as well as the standard mean difference (SMD) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs), were calculated and subgroup analysis was performed to examine heterogeneity. Results We included 12 articles with 16 studies and a total of 895 patients were included in the meta-analysis. We found a significant association between PCOS and serum or plasma nitrite levels, with a pooled SMD of −0.61 (95% CI: −1.05 to −0.16). The final pooled data were determined by the random effects model because significant high heterogeneity ( I2 = 89%) was found. Conclusions Our meta-analysis shows that decreased serum or plasma nitrite levels are associated with PCOS. The pathogenesis of PCOS may be due to endothelial dysfunction; however, further research to confirm this possibility is required.
Children’s and adolescents’ views on upper limb prostheses in relation to their daily occupations
Authors: Sims Tara , Donovan-Hall Maggie , Metcalf Cheryl 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionProsthetic treatment is widely used for children and adolescents with upper limb difference, for functional benefit, cosmetic restoration or the performance of specific activities. Children and adolescents feel, however, that prostheses do not help function, are uncomfortable, are unreliable, are heavy and are not aesthetically acceptable. This research aims to develop an understanding of children’s and adolescents’ views on upper limb prostheses in relation to their daily occupations.MethodEight children and adolescents with upper limb difference participated in a focus group ( n=4) or an individual interview ( n=4). Data was analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants described both positive and negative views of their prostheses. Participants described experiences where their prosthesis was helpful to them for social interactions, when playing and in self-care and productive activities. However, participants also described choosing not to use prostheses due to lack of functional benefit, causing a hindrance in certain activities and restriction of movement.ConclusionProstheses can be useful tools for occupational participation for children and adolescents. General purpose functional prostheses for children and adolescents can result in the prosthesis not being useful, becoming a hindrance and restricting movement. Task specific devices can overcome these issues to help children and adolescents in social interactions, when playing and in carrying out self-care and productive activities.
Conceptual framework of developmental coordination disorder in adolescence: Findings from a qualitative study
Authors: Payne Sally , Ward Gillian 
Published: August 2019

Introduction Developmental coordination disorder is a common disorder of childhood. Little is known about adolescence, however, and research typically reflects professionals’ and parents’ perspectives. This study explored how life is experienced by teenagers with developmental coordination disorder from their own contemporaneous perspective. Methods The study was guided by the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis and a reference group of older teenagers with developmental coordination disorder. A total of 16 interviews were carried out with nine teenagers aged 13–15 years over a 2-year period, offering the opportunity to examine changes in their experience over time. Accounts were subjected to a systematic process of ideographic, inductive and interpretative analysis. Findings Themes revealed were: ‘Doing everything the hard way’; ‘I didn’t want to be seen as anyone different’; ‘I’m an intelligent person but I can’t even write’; ‘Right help, right time’ and ‘Making sense of the diagnosis’. Self-efficacy was a strong recurring theme, influencing participants’ motivation for and participation in daily activities, and affecting teenagers’ sense of resilience, agency, ambition and identity. This article describes the development of a conceptual framework illustrating patterns and connections that occurred across the study themes. The conceptual framework is offered as a novel means of illustrating the complex interaction of factors representing the lived experience of teenagers with developmental coordination disorder. Conclusion This study furthers understanding of developmental coordination disorder in adolescence. The conceptual framework is firmly grounded in teenagers’ experience and illustrates the complex interaction of factors influencing teenagers’ lives. The study suggests avenues for intervention and research, and highlights the need for interventions that build teenagers’ self-efficacy to promote positive futures for teenagers with developmental coordination disorder.
Equivalent 10-Year Outcomes After Implantation of Autologous Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Versus Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Chondral Defects of the Knee
Authors: Teo Alex Quok An , Wong Keng Lin , Shen Liang , Lim Jia Ying , Toh Wei Seong , Lee Eng Hin , Hui James Hoi Po 
Published: August 2019

Background: The use of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in cartilage repair procedures circumvents some of the limitations of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), but long-term outcomes for this newer procedure are lacking. The authors previously reported comparable outcomes for the 2 procedures at 2-year follow-up. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the long-term clinical outcomes of ACI versus BMSCs. It was hypothesized that there would be no significant difference between the groups in terms of patient-reported outcome scores and safety outcomes at 10-year follow-up. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Seventy-two patients who underwent either ACI or BMSC implantation—matched in terms of age and lesion site— were followed up to a median of at least 10 years. Patients were assessed with the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the International Knee Documentation Committee knee evaluation form, the Lysholm Knee Score, and the Tegner Activity Scale. In addition, information was obtained regarding any additional surgical procedures as well as safety data, with particular attention to infection and tumor formation. Results: There was an improvement in all patient-reported outcomes scores apart from the Mental Component Summary of the SF-36 after cartilage repair surgery. There was no significant difference in any of the patient-reported outcomes between cohorts at any time point. Six and 5 patients in the ACI and BMSC groups, respectively, underwent subsequent surgical procedures, including 1 total knee replacement in the BMSC group. None of the patients in either group developed any deep infection or tumor within the follow-up period. Conclusion: BMSC implantation used for the treatment of chondral defects of the knee appears to result in equivalent clinical outcomes to first-generation ACI at up to 10 years, with no apparent increased tumor formation risk.
Increased Chondrocytic Gene Expression Is Associated With Improved Repair Tissue Quality and Graft Survival in Patients After Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Ackermann Jakob , Merkely Gergo , Mestriner Alexandre Barbieri , Shah Nehal , Gomoll Andreas H. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Assays to quantitate the quality of autologous chondrocyte implants have recently become available. However, the correlation of the assay score with radiological and clinical outcomes has not been established. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to assess the influence of cell identity (chondrocyte/synoviocyte gene expression ratio) and viability on patient-reported outcome measures, graft survival, and repair tissue quality. It was hypothesized that greater cell product quality as assessed through an identity assay and cell viability is associated with superior outcomes after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for symptomatic cartilage defects. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Seventy-nine patients with a minimum follow-up of 2 years were included in this study. Of these, 67 patients were available for imaging assessment utilizing the Magnetic Resonance Observation of Cartilage Repair Tissue (MOCART) scoring system. Patients were assigned to groups either below or above the cohort’s mean based on their individual cell identity score and viability percentage. Results: Patients were predominantly female (57.7%) with a mean age of 30.0 ± 9.3 years. No differences were seen between Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lysholm, Tegner, or International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form within the viability and cell identity groups at a final follow-up of 3.8 ± 1.4 years after ACI ( P > .05). In a subset of patients, the mean MOCART score was 68.3 ± 15.6 at an average magnetic resonance imaging follow-up of 17.7 ± 9.56 months. Low cell identity was significantly associated with the degree of defect filling ( P = .025), integration of border zone ( P = .01), effusion ( P = .024), and ACI graft failure ( P = .002). Patients with above-average cell identity scores had a significantly higher survival rate at 5-year follow-up compared with patients with below-average scores (95.8% vs 64.7%; P = .013). Cell viability did not influence MOCART subscales or graft failure (all P > .05). Cell viability and identity showed no significant correlation with each other ( r = −0.045; P = .694). Conclusion: Cell identity was significantly correlated with structural repair quality and graft survival after second-generation ACI for symptomatic chondral lesions in the knee. While improved imaging outcome and higher graft survivorship were associated with a higher individual cell identity score indicating a higher chondrocyte/synoviocyte gene expression ratio in the final cell product, clinical outcome did not correlate with the identity score.
The Kaplan Fibers of the Iliotibial Band Can Be Identified on Routine Knee Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Batty Lachlan , Murgier Jerome , O’Sullivan Richard , Webster Kate E. , Feller Julian A. , Devitt Brian M. 
Published: August 2019

Background: The Kaplan fibers (KFs) of the iliotibial band have been suggested to play a role in anterolateral rotational instability of the knee, particularly in the setting of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Description of the normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomy of the KFs may facilitate subsequent investigation into the MRI signs of injury. Purpose: To assess if the KF complex can be identified on 3-T MRI using standard knee protocols. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: 3-T MRI scans of 50 ACL-intact knees were reviewed independently by a musculoskeletal radiologist and 2 orthopaedic surgeons. Identification of the KFs was based on radiological diagnostic criteria developed a priori. Identification of the KFs in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes was recorded. Interobserver reliability was assessed using the Kappa statistic. Detailed anatomy including distance to the joint line and relationship to adjacent structures was recorded. Results: The mean patient age was 43 years (range, 15-81 years), 58% were male, and 50% were right knees. The KFs were identified by at least 2 reviewers on the sagittal images in 96% of cases, on the axial images in 76% of cases, and on the coronal images in 4% of cases. The mean distance from the KF distal femoral insertion to the lateral joint line was 50.1 mm (SD, 6.6 mm) and the mean distance to the lateral gastrocnemius tendon origin was 10.8 mm (SD, 8.6 mm). The KFs were consistently identified immediately anterior to the superior lateral geniculate artery on sagittal imaging. Interobserver reliability for identification was best in the sagittal plane (Kappa 0.5) and worst in the coronal plane (Kappa 0.1). Conclusion: The KF complex can be identified on routine MRI sequences in the ACL-intact knee; however, there is low to moderate interobserver reliability. Imaging in the sagittal plane had the highest rate of identification and the coronal plane the lowest. There is a consistent relationship between the most distal KF femoral attachment and the lateral joint line, lateral gastrocnemius tendon, and superior lateral geniculate artery.
Guide wire electrode versus liquid electrode for intravascular electrocardiography–guided central venous catheterization in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ling Guo , Zhiwen Wang , Guorong Wang , Shaomei Shang , Xue Wu 
Published: August 2019

Aim: To assess the effectiveness and safety of guide wire electrode versus liquid electrode for intravascular electrocardiography–guided central venous catheter placement in adults. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: We searched the main electronic databases (Cochrane Library, the Joanna Briggs Institute Library, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang) with articles published from inception up to March 2018. References of important articles were also screened for relevant studies. We used a structured search strategy and did not apply any search limitations. Review methods: Randomized, controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies or studies using a within-subject design, evaluating guide wire electrode versus liquid electrode for intravascular electrocardiography–guided central venous catheter placement in adults, were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Results: In total, six studies with a total of 2176 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in accuracy of tip location placement between guide wire and liquid electrodes. Use of guide wire electrode had a higher risk of complications which were transient and there were an insufficient number of studies using the same parameters to evaluate intravascular electrocardiography signal quality. Conclusion: Due to the small number and low quality of identified studies, it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions on the relative effectiveness and safety of guide wire versus liquid electrodes for the placement of central venous catheters in adults. More well-designed studies are needed in the future.
Presurgical Curettage Improves Accuracy for Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Excision
Authors: Lin Matthew J. , Dubin Danielle P. , Giordano Cerrene N. , Khorasani Hooman , Kriegel David A. 
Published: August 2019

Background Presurgical curettage before nonmelanoma skin cancer surgery may help delineate tumor subclinical extensions. Objective To determine histologically whether presurgical curettage appropriately or inappropriately changes excision specimen size. Materials and Methods One hundred fifty consecutive nonmelanoma skin cancers treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. The clinical margin (CM) was marked. Presurgical curettage was then performed and the resultant presurgical curettage margin (PCM) marked. Frozen section analysis of the CM and PCM revealed whether the curettage-induced margin change was appropriate or unnecessary. Results Presurgical curettage appropriately increased the surgical margin in 9.3% of cases, reducing the number of Mohs stages from 2 to 1. It appropriately decreased the surgical margin in 17.3% thereby conserving normal skin. In 19.4% of cases the curettage increased the margin in situations where the CM had underestimated the size of the tumor; however, in these cases, the curettage did not increase the margin sufficiently to clear the tumor. In 44.0% of cases the PCM did not change the size of the stage I specimen compared to the CM and confirmed the CM. In 10.0% of cases, preoperative curettage reduced margin accuracy by removing healthy tissue (8.0%) or underestimating tumor (2.0%). These errors were associated with eyelid location, severe background photodamage, and morpheiform/infiltrating/sclerosing basal cell carcinomas. Conclusion Presurgical curettage can improve tumor excision accuracy and efficiency. Careful tumor selection is important to optimize curette utility.
Online group pain management for chronic pain: Preliminary results of a novel treatment approach to teletherapy
Authors: Mariano Timothy Y , Wan Limeng , Edwards Robert R , Lazaridou Asimina , Ross Edgar L , Jamison Robert N 
Published: August 2019

Objective This pilot study was designed to determine the feasibility, tolerability, safety, and efficacy of group teletherapy for persons with chronic pain. The aim was to present preliminary outcomes of an open trial of group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) teletherapy compared with an in-person chronic pain patient group. Methods We recruited 47 chronic pain patients to participate in an 8-session, 2-hour-per-week, online, structured, CBT-oriented pain management group using WebEx and compared them with 46 subjects who participated in a parallel, content-matched, in-person, weekly group. Both groups included goal setting, skills training, relaxation exercises, group discussion, and practice assignments. All subjects completed baseline measures, which were repeated post-treatment. Those in the online group participated in weekly telephone interviews and rated the perceived helpfulness of the remote group. Results The average age of the online group participants was 54.5 ( ± 14.3) years and 70.2% were female, compared with 59.7 ( ± 13.0) years of age and 57.8% females among the in-person group members. On follow-up, both CBT groups showed modest improvements on the outcome measures. Results of this preliminary investigation comparing online teletherapy with in-person CBT suggest similar benefit. Many participants in the online group rated their experience as very helpful (62.5%; 7–10/10) and most would recommend this programme to others (93.7%; 7–10/10). Discussion Preliminary findings suggest that online group CBT may be as effective in improving coping among persons with chronic pain as in-person groups. More rigorous controlled trials are needed to adequately assess the outcome benefit of online teletherapy for chronic pain.