bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical integration as an input price hedge: The case of Delta Air Lines and trainer refinery
Authors: Almansur Abdullah Mohammed , Megginson William L. , Pugachev Leonid V. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn April 2012, Delta Air Lines (Delta) purchased a mothballed oil refinery. We use this case to illustrate when, how, and why vertical integration (VI) can hedge input price risk. First, we show that stockholders and creditors expected the move to create wealth. Consistent with their predictions, Delta's exposure to refining margins, cash flow volatility, cost of debt, and default probability all decreased, relative to peers, postacquisition. Our evidence is consistent with the refinery influencing Delta's operating strategies, especially in its most affected markets. The case demonstrates how asset specificity and financial hedging frictions can justify VI.
Clarifying the mechanisms and resources that enable the reciprocal involvement of seldom heard groups in health and social care research: A collaborative rapid realist review process
Authors: Ní Shé Éidín , Morton Sarah , Lambert Veronica , Ní Cheallaigh Cliona , Lacey Vanessa , Dunn Eleanor , Loughnane Cliona , O'Connor Joan , McCann Amanda , Adshead Maura , Kroll Thilo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivePublic and patient involvement is increasingly embedded as a core activity in research funding calls and best practice guidelines. However, there is recognition of the challenges that prevail to achieve genuine and equitable forms of engagement. Our objective was to identify the mechanisms and resources that enable the reciprocal involvement of seldom heard groups in health and social care research.MethodsA rapid realist review of the literature that included: (a) a systematic search of CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed and Open Grey (2007‐2017); (b) documents provided by expert panel members of relevant journals and grey literature. Six reference panels were undertaken with homeless, women's, transgender, disability and Traveller and Roma organizations to capture local insights. Data were extracted into a theory‐based grid linking context to behaviour change policy categories.Main resultsFrom the review, 20 documents were identified and combined with the reference panel summaries. The expert panel reached consensus about 33 programme theories. These relate to environmental and social planning (7); service provision (6); guidelines (4); fiscal measures (6); communication and marketing (4); and regulation and legislation (6).ConclusionsWhile there is growing evidence of the merits of undertaking PPI, this rarely extends to the meaningful involvement of seldom heard groups. The 33 programme theories agreed by the expert panel point to a variety of mechanisms and resources that need to be considered. Many of the programme theories identified point to the need for a radical shift in current practice to enable the reciprocal involvement of seldom heard groups.
Evaluating cropland in the Canadian prairies as an ecological trap for the endangered Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia
Authors: Scobie Corey A. , Bayne Erin M. , Wellicome Troy I. 
Published: February 2019

Anthropogenic development may influence the choices animals make and their resulting reproductive success and survival. If such choices are maladaptive, the impact of anthropogenic change can be catastrophic to small or declining populations. Over the past century, Canada's prairie landscapes have been altered dramatically, with over two‐thirds of its native grasslands now having been converted to cropland. The decline of the endangered Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia population is assumed to have resulted from this landscape change, yet no causal link has been demonstrated. One hypothesis to explain this population decline is that owls get caught in an ecological trap, whereby they prefer to establish nests at the start of each breeding season in landscapes that later confer lower reproductive success. Agricultural landscapes represent a plausible potential ecological trap because the short and sparse vegetation in annual crops (seeded each spring) is predicted to be attractive nesting/foraging habitat for Burrowing Owls when they arrive from northward migration, yet crops become substantially taller and denser over the growing season so prey are predicted to become less accessible by the time broods have hatched. We tested this ecological trap hypothesis in a 3‐year study, involving 379 Burrowing Owl pairs, across the agricultural landscapes of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. In support of the hypothesis, Burrowing Owls did prefer to settle in breeding home‐ranges that contained a higher proportion of cropland, and their prey‐delivery rates during brood‐rearing were lower at nests with a higher proportion of cropland growing in the surrounding landscape. However, in contradiction to a key prediction, the number of fledglings produced (range = 0–9) was higher, not lower, for pairs with more actively growing cropland in their landscapes. Therefore, the decline of the Burrowing Owl in Canada does not appear to result from cropland forming an ecological trap during the breeding season. We also found a significant positive relationship between the amount of summer fallow within Burrowing Owl home‐ranges and the quantity of vertebrate prey delivered to the nest and the number of juveniles fledged, highlighting the importance of this declining land use in raptor conservation.
Efficacy of regular professional brushing by a dental nurse for 3 months in nursing home residents—A randomized, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Barbe Anna Greta , Kottmann Hannah E. , Derman Sonja H. M. , Noack Michael J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe oral health of nursing home residents is poor for various reasons. Many require help for oral hygiene. Regular professional brushing by a dental nurse should improve oral hygiene. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of regular tooth brushing by a dental nurse on the oral health of nursing home residents.MethodsThis controlled trial randomized participants (n = 50; mean age 83 ± 8 years) to brushing by a dental nurse every 2 weeks for 3 months (n = 25; test group) or oral hygiene procedures performed/controlled by nursing home staff (n = 25; control group). Personal, general and oral health, as well as various oral hygiene parameters—plaque index (PI), gingivitis index (GI), papilla bleeding index (PBI), oral hygiene index (OHI) and Volpe‐Manhold Index (VMI)—were evaluated at baseline, after initial professional dental cleaning and before last brushing.ResultsAt baseline, oral health was impaired according to investigated indices in both groups. After professional brushing for 3 months, there were improvements in PI, GI and PBI, with significant increases compared with the control group in OHI and VMI (P = 0.017 and P < 0.001, respectively). Among the control group, the number of teeth decreased while the root caries index increased (P = 0.002 between groups).ConclusionsRegular professional brushing every 2 weeks by a dental nurse can be recommended for nursing homes residents to improve oral health parameters and to help reduce root caries incidence as a basis to preserve the number of teeth. Such oral hygiene procedures will maintain and improve the oral health of nursing home residents.
Immunotherapy for genitourinary tumors
Authors: Nakayama Takayuki , Kitano Shigehisa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present review provides an update about the major achievements and recent advances of immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and prostate cancer. Although the treatment strategy for renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma includes traditional cancer immunotherapies, such as interleukin‐2 and interferon‐alfa, the clinical outcomes of these therapies are unsatisfactory. In recent years, the development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has drastically changed the treatment strategy for various cancers, including genitourinary cancer. The present review summarizes the approved cancer immunotherapies for renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma and prostate cancer. Furthermore, we review the response evaluation and biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitors with a distinctive mode of action that is different from cytotoxic agents. Finally, future perspectives for cancer immunotherapy are discussed.
Complications and reoperations after laparoscopic radical cystectomy in a Japanese multicenter cohort
Authors: Kanno Toru , Ito Katsuhiro , Sawada Atsuro , Saito Ryoich , Kobayashi Takashi , Yamada Hitoshi , Inoue Takahiro , Ogawa Osamu 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesTo describe the complications and their surgical management after laparoscopic radical cystectomy in a Japanese multicenter cohort.MethodsThe participants were drawn from a retrospective multicenter study at 10 institutions. We identified 436 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy with no robot assistance. Early and late complications were graded according to their Clavien–Dindo classification. The records of all patients who underwent surgical interventions for laparoscopic radical cystectomy‐specific complications were also reviewed. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to describe the time to surgical intervention.ResultsThe 90‐day rates for overall complications, high‐grade complications (Clavien–Dindo classification III–V) and mortality were 53%, 17% and 1.4%, respectively. Gastrointestinal (25%), infectious (22%) and abdominal wall‐related (9%) complications were the most common. The late complication rate was 18%, and a total of 81 patients (19%) underwent surgical intervention during the median follow‐up period of 22 months. The reoperation rate was 25% at 5 years. Gastrointestinal complications in the early postoperative period and abdominal wall‐related complications in the late postoperative period were the main reasons for reoperation. Seven (7%) out of 100 female patients underwent emergent surgical reoperation for transvaginal bowel evisceration as a result of vaginal dehiscence.ConclusionsEarly and late postoperative complications and surgical reoperations are notable after laparoscopic radical cystectomy. Abdominal wall‐related complications including vaginal dehiscence are common, and they represent the main indication for reoperation during long‐term follow up.
Neutrophil–macrophage cooperation and its impact on tissue repair
Authors: Bouchery Tiffany , Harris Nicola 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImmune cells are rapidly recruited to a site of injury or infection. Although the importance of phagocytic immune cells in clearing bacteria has long been appreciated, the advent of technologies allowing more in‐depth analysis of cellular function, such as intravital microscopy and the use of genetically modified animal models, has allowed much deeper insight into the complex roles of these cells play during tissue repair. Many immune cells contribute to the repair process; however, this review will concentrate on the involvement of the phagocytes, namely macrophages and neutrophils, with a particular focus on our more recent understanding of how interactions between these two cell types impact on the final outcome of tissue repair.
Rewriting stories of trauma through peer‐to‐peer mentoring for and by at‐risk young people
Authors: Douglas Lesley J. , Jackson Debra , Woods Cindy , Usher Kim 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences are strongly associated with the development of mental health disorders during the life span. When mental health issues are not effectively dealt with during the adolescent period, young people can become long‐term consumers in the mental health system. A widely accepted method of intervention is the provision of mentoring. More recently, young people have been fulfilling the role of mentor to their peers and mentoring has played a large role in supporting young people who are considered at‐risk of not achieving the expected psychosocial, educational, and/or developmental goals. What is not known is why young people, previously identified as being at‐risk, are motivated to mentor their at‐risk peers. The study aim was to examine what motivates previously recognized at‐risk young people to provide mentoring to their at‐risk peers. Participants were twelve previously recognized at‐risk young people recruited through a formal peer‐to‐peer mentoring programme. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, and the data analysed through narrative inquiry and reported in accordance with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research guidelines (COREQ). Results indicate that young people are motivated by their own lived experiences of trauma(s) to provide at‐risk peer mentoring. The experience of mentoring afforded opportunities to rewrite individual personal journeys of trauma through mentoring their at‐risk peers, thus constructing a more positive self‐identity. Outcomes of developing positive peer relationships and prosocial behaviours could significantly assist mental health clinicians in providing more acceptable care to clients in an age group known to be reluctant to accept traditional mental health intervention.
Fabrication of core‐shell structured TiC–Fe composite powders by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Liu Cheng , Yang Yafeng , Lv Pengpeng , Guo Junjie , Xiang Maoqiao , Zhu Qingshan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) was an effective way of preparing the core‐shell structured TiC–Fe composite powders by employing FeCl3 as a precursor. Fully covered TiC–Fe composite powders with the controllable Fe contents were readily achievable. An excellent interfacial bonding was formed between the TiC and the deposited Fe coating. The defluidization caused by the directional growth and self‐nucleation‐aggregation of the deposited Fe particles was the major barrier to depositing high‐Fe‐content composite powders. But it could be prevented by controlling the gas partial pressure of precursor and further eliminating the directional growth mode and self‐nucleation behavior of Fe atoms. The optimal deposition temperature was 600°C and the partial pressure was about 20 kPa, corresponding to the gasification temperature of 275°C.
MiR‐139‐5p, miR‐940 and miR‐193a‐5p inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting SPOCK1
Authors: Li Peng , Xiao Zhiwei , Luo Jiajun , Zhang Yaojun , Lin Lizhu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe study was aimed to screen out miRNAs with differential expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore the influence of the expressions of these miRNAs and their target gene on HCC cell proliferation, invasion and apoptosis. MiRNAs with differential expression in HCC were screened out by microarray analysis. The common target gene of these miRNAs (miR‐139‐5p, miR‐940 and miR‐193a‐5p) was screened out by analysing the target genes profile (acquired from Targetscan) of the three miRNAs. Expression levels of miRNAs and SPOCK1 were determined by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The target relationships were verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull‐down assay. Through 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide,thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and transwell assays and flow cytometry, HCC cell viability, invasion and apoptosis were determined. In vivo experiment was conducted in nude mice to investigate the influence of three miRNAs on tumour growth. Down‐regulation of miR‐139‐5p, miR‐940 and miR‐193a‐5p was found in HCC. Overexpression of these miRNAs suppressed HCC cell viability and invasion, promoted apoptosis and inhibited tumour growth. SPOCK1, the common target gene of miR‐139‐5p, miR‐940 and miR‐193a‐5p, was overexpressed in HCC. SPOCK1 overexpression promoted proliferation and invasion, and restrained apoptosis of HCC cells. MiR‐139‐5p, miR‐940 and miR‐193a‐5p inhibited HCC development through targeting SPOCK1.
Genetically elevated circulating homocysteine concentrations increase the risk of diabetic kidney disease in Chinese diabetic patients
Authors: Ma Liang , Liu Qian , Jiang Yongwei , Zhao Hailing , Zhao Tingting , Cao Yongtong , Li Ping , Niu Wenquan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating and frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. Here, we first adopted methylenetetrahytrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T polymorphism as an instrument to infer the possible causal relevance between circulating homocysteine and DKD risk in a Chinese population and next attempted to build a risk prediction model for DKD. This is a hospital‐based case‐control association study. Total 1107 study participants were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including 547 patients with newly diagnosed and histologically confirmed DKD. MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism was determined using the TaqMan method. Carriers of 677TT genotype (14.55 μmol/L) had significantly higher homocysteine concentrations than carriers of 677CT genotype (12.88 μmol/L) (P < 0.001). Carriers of 677TT genotype had a 1.57‐fold increased risk of DKD (odds ratio: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.21‐2.05, P = 0.001) relative to carriers of 677CT genotype after adjusting for confounders. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that the odds ratio for DKD relative to diabetes mellitus per 5 μmol/L increment of circulating homocysteine concentrations was 3.86 (95% confidence interval: 1.21‐2.05, P < 0.001). In the Logistic regression analysis, hypertension, homocysteine and triglyceride were significantly associated with an increased risk of DKD and they constituted a risk prediction model with good test performance and discriminatory capacity. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that elevated circulating homocysteine concentrations were causally associated with an increased risk of DKD in Chinese diabetic patients.
Metformin and tenovin‐6 synergistically induces apoptosis through LKB1‐independent SIRT1 down‐regulation in non‐small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Lee Bo Bin , Kim Yujin , Kim Dongho , Cho Eun Yoon , Han Joungho , Kim Hong Kwan , Shim Young Mog , Kim Duk‐Hwan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is known to play a role in a variety of tumorigenesis processes by deacetylating histone and non‐histone proteins; however, antitumour effects by suppressing SIRT1 activity in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. This study was designed to scrutinize clinicopathological significance of SIRT1 in NSCLC and investigate effects of metformin on SIRT1 inhibition. This study also evaluated new possibilities of drug combination using a SIRT1 inhibitor, tenovin‐6, in NSCLC cell lines. It was found that SIRT1 was overexpressed in 300 (62%) of 485 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded NSCLC tissues. Its overexpression was significantly associated with reduced overall survival and poor recurrence‐free survival after adjusted for histology and pathologic stage. Thus, suppression of SIRT1 expression may be a reasonable therapeutic strategy for NSCLC. Metformin in combination with tenovin‐6 was found to be more effective in inhibiting cell growth than either agent alone in NSCLC cell lines with different liver kinase B1 (LKB1) status. In addition, metformin and tenovin‐6 synergistically suppressed SIRT1 expression in NSCLC cells regardless of LKB1 status. The marked reduction in SIRT1 expression by combination of metformin and tenovin‐6 increased acetylation of p53 at lysine 382 and enhanced p53 stability in LKB1‐deficient A549 cells. The combination suppressed SIRT1 promoter activity more effectively than either agent alone by up‐regulating hypermethylation in cancer 1 (HIC1) binding at SIRT1 promoter. Also, suppressed SIRT1 expression by the combination synergistically induced caspase‐3‐dependent apoptosis. The study concluded that metformin with tenovin‐6 may enhance antitumour effects through LKB1‐independent SIRT1 down‐regulation in NSCLC cells.
Development of a risk scoring system for patients with papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Pak Kyoungjune , Kim Yun Hak , Suh Sunghwan , Goh Tae Sik , Jeong Dae Cheon , Kim Seong Jang , Kim In Joo , Han Myoung‐Eun , Oh Sae‐Ock 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs the importance of personalized therapeutics in aggressive papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) increases, accurate risk stratification is required. To develop a novel prognostic scoring system for patients with PTC (n = 455), we used mRNA expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We performed variable selection using Network‐Regularized high‐dimensional Cox‐regression with gene network from pathway databases. The risk score was calculated using a linear combination of regression coefficients and mRNA expressions. The risk score and clinical variables were assessed by several survival analyses. The risk score showed high discriminatory power for the prediction of event‐free survival as well as the presence of metastasis. In multivariate analysis, the risk score and presence of metastasis were significant risk factors among the clinical variables that were examined together. In the current study, we developed a risk scoring system that will help to identify suitable therapeutic options for PTC.
Effect of soothing techniques on infants’ self‐regulation behaviors (sleeping, crying, feeding): A randomized controlled study
Authors: Öztürk Dönmez Renginar , Bayik Temel Ayla 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo determine the effect of teaching 4S soothing techniques (swaddling, holding at side or stomach position, shushing‐white noise, swinging) on parent‐reported infants’ self‐regulation behaviors with respect to sleeping, crying, and feeding.MethodsThis research is a pretest–post‐test, single‐blind randomized experimental study with 6 month follow‐ups. An intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG) were formed, each consisting of 21 mother–infant dyads. A 90 min training program was applied to the mothers in the IG during the home visit in the fourth week after birth. For both groups, the dependent variables of the study are the parent‐reported self‐regulation behaviors of the infants in weeks 3, 7, 11, and 23.ResultsNo significant difference was found between the two groups before the intervention in the pretest in terms of the mean sleep duration, mean crying duration, frequency of feeding, and frequency of waking at night. After the teaching of the 4S soothing techniques had been conducted, it was determined that the mean frequency of waking at night, the mean frequency of daily feeding, and the mean daily crying duration of the infants in the IG was statistically significantly lower in all follow‐ups, compared to the infants in the CG. In weeks 7 and 11 after the intervention, the mean daily sleep duration of the infants in the IG was found to be statistically significantly higher, compared to the infants in the CG.ConclusionHealth professionals can use the 4S soothing techniques to develop self‐regulation behaviors of infants during the first 12 weeks of the infancy period.