bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Habitat edge responses of generalist predators are predicted by prey and structural resources
Authors: Wimp Gina M. , Ries Leslie , Lewis Danny , Murphy Shannon M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGeneralist predators are thought to be less vulnerable to habitat fragmentation because they use diverse resources across larger spatial scales than specialist predators. Thus, it has been suggested that generalist predators may respond positively to habitat edges or demonstrate no edge response, because they can potentially use prey resources equally well on both sides of the habitat edge. However, most predictions about generalist predator responses to the habitat edge are based solely on prey resources, without consideration of other potential drivers. For instance, structural resources are essential for some species to build webs to capture prey or to avoid intraguild predation and cannibalism. In this study, we used both prey and structural resources to predict the response of four predator functional groups (hunting spiders, web‐building spiders, aerial predators, and epigeic predators that feed on the detrital/algal food web) to a habitat edge between two salt‐marsh grasses (Spartina alterniflora and Spartina patens). We found that generalist predators largely demonstrated negative responses to the habitat edge and had distinct habitat associations. Positive edge responses were only observed in one functional group (hunting spiders), and this pattern was driven by the two most abundant species. Negative responses to the habitat edge were more common among taxa and were better explained by structural resources rather than prey resources in the two habitats. Although it is generally acknowledged that specialists decline in fragmented habitats, generalists are thought to be more resilient. However, our research demonstrates that even generalists have habitat structural or food resource requirements that may limit their resilience to habitat loss and fragmentation.
Rapid modeling of space structure of rock mass and the method of equivalent assignment
Authors: Luo Zhouquan , Qin Yaguang , Wang Wei , Ma Shaowei , Wen Lei , Zhang Xuyang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccurately grasping the spatial distribution characteristics of fractures is an important basis for computation and analysis of rock engineering. On the basis of field investigation, probability statistics, and numerical simulation, the fast modeling method of fracture with special probability and statistical distribution is proposed. The server connection between COMSOL and MATLAB is established. In the COMSOL with MATLAB programming environment, the fast modeling program of fissure space structure is developed. Aiming at the difficulty of mesh generation due to high fracture aspect ratio, programming language was used to interpolate the material parameters of fissure space structure and construct the equivalent assignment method of fissure space structure. Based on the field fracture investigation in an underground mine, probabilistic data analysis of fracture data is carried out, and the fast modeling and equivalent assignment method is applied to realize the efficient modeling and assignment for the field investigation of fissure spatial structure.
The formation and closure of the Big Breach of Sacalin spit associated with extreme shoreline retreat and shoreface erosion
Authors: Zăinescu Florin Iulian , Vespremeanu‐Stroe Alfred , Tătui Florin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe document a case of exceptionally large natural breaching of a sandy spit (Sacalin spit, Danube Delta) using multiannual to seasonal surveys of topography and bathymetry on successive cross‐barrier and shoreface profiles, LiDAR data, satellite imagery, and wind and wave data.The large breach, which quickly reached 3.4 km in May 2014, is attributed to morphological preconditioning of the narrow (50–150 m) barrier, which was susceptible to breaching even during moderate storm conditions. The event switched the barrier's decadal evolution from low cross‐shore transport to high cross‐shore transport over the barrier, which is an order of magnitude larger than during the non‐breach period. Upper shoreface erosion, as indicated by the extensive erosion down to −4 m, indicates that this zone is a significant source for the rebuilding of the barrier. Barrier recovery and widening trigger a negative feedback which limits the back‐barrier sediment transfer. As a result, back‐barrier deposition decreases whilst the barrier aggradation through overwash becomes more frequent.The Big Breach (TBB) closed naturally in three years. The very high deposition rate of sediment in the breach is a testimony of the high sediment volumes supplied by the longshore transport and the high sediment released through shoreface retreat, and resulted in widening the barrier to a maximum of 1 km. Since the newly‐formed barrier shoreline retreated 500 m, this reveals that barrier breaching is an important mechanism which significantly accelerates the landward migration of the barrier system and is a proof of the highly non‐linear morphodynamics involved in the barrier island translation. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internal structure of intense collisional bedload transport
Authors: Matoušek Václav , Zrostlík Štĕpán , Fraccarollo Luigi , Prati Anna , Larcher Michele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntense bed load refers to a regime which is responsible of most of sediment transport in torrents and rivers during floods. Even if restricted to uniform steady conditions and well sorted particles, the liquid and solid phases interact in a rather complex way over the plane mobile bed. We focus on flow conditions where the sediment grains in the flow are supported by mutual contacts, primarily collisions, and not by the fluid turbulence. Nonetheless, the turbulent liquid stresses are important everywhere, but the top of the bed, and may not be neglected. Being particles and fluid reciprocally affecting at various scale, mechanical interpretations are challenging and not consolidated, yet. In this picture, it is clear that experimental evidences provide a fundamental, still lacking, piece of information.We contribute with new experiments in a tilting flume to face this need. Compared to previous laboratory tests, we apply various measuring techniques, getting to a robust validation of the acquired dataset. We exploited stereoscopic imaging techniques to capture the solid concentration and the three components of grain velocity, and extract the velocity fluctuations from the local mean values. Measured velocity distributions are independently checked by using an Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry technique.With all the needed quantities available, we exploited the constitutive relations based on the kinetic theory for granular flow, to highlight how the comparison between predictions and measurements works, deploying some accuracy deficiencies in the measurement and/or interpretation limits. Our results also address the attention to interfaces that separate layers affected by different rheological mechanisms. Along with pure experimental and theoretical aspects, we grasp the chance to use the data to check how the relations involving global quantities (discharges, friction factor, bed slope, flow depth), so common in hydraulic practice, work when the sediment transport is intense. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emerging translational science discoveries, clonal approaches, and treatment trends in chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Mughal Tariq I. , Pemmaraju Naveen , Radich Jerald P. , Deininger Michael W. , Kucine Nicole , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Bose Prithviraj , Gotlib Jason , Valent Peter , Chen Chih‐Cheng , Barbui Tiziano , Rampal Raajit , Verstovsek Srdan , Koschmieder Steffen , Saglio Giuseppe , Van Etten Richard A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe 60th American Society of Hematology (ASH) held in San Diego in December 2018 was followed by the 13th Post‐ASH chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) workshop on December 4 and 5, 2018. This closed annual workshop, first introduced in 2006 by Goldman and Mughal, was organized in collaboration with Alpine Oncology Foundation and allowed experts in preclinical and clinical research in the chronic MPNs to discuss the current scenario, including relevant presentations at ASH, and address pivotal open questions that impact translational research and clinical management. This review is based on the presentations and deliberations at this workshop, and rather than provide a resume of the proceedings, we have selected some of the important translational science and treatment issues that require clarity. We discuss the experimental and observational evidence to support the intimate interaction between aging, inflammation, and clonal evolution of MPNs, the clinical impact of the unfolding mutational landscape on the emerging targets and treatment of MPNs, new methods to detect clonal heterogeneity, the challenges in managing childhood and adolescent MPN, and reflect on the treatment of systemic mastocytosis (SM) following the licensing of midostaurin.
Toxic trans‐crotonaldehyde in mitochondria intercepted by oxyresveratrol contributing to anticancer
Authors: Su Yanbin , Sun Chengyu , Chen Yan , Liu Shichang , Jing Ning , Li Shuxin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore how the toxic trans‐crotonaldehyde (TCA) in mitochondria or aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) at different pHs was intercepted by oxyresveratrol (Oxy‐Res) contributing to anticancer. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed. UV–vis spectra showed that the Oxy‐Res red shifted the peak of the toxic TCA from 316 nm to 325 nm, while the peaks of the Oxy‐Res shifted from 329 nm with 290 nm and 300 nm to 325 nm with 303 nm. In the mitochondria, the Oxy‐Res blue shifted the peaks of the toxic TCA from 325 nm with 303 nm to 321 nm with 301 nm. Raman spectra revealed that the Oxy‐Res caused shifting of the CHO of the toxic TCA from 1,689 cm−1 to 1,671 cm−1 with band decline. The CC of the toxic TCA at 1641 cm−1 was split into 1,639 cm−1 and 1,642 cm−1 with band decline. The bands of the Oxy‐Res at 1634 cm−1, 1,617 cm−1, and 1,595 cm−1 disappeared. In the mitochondria, the CC of the toxic TCA at 1641 cm−1 splitting disappeared. In ALDH, with the decrease of pH from 7.8 to 6.5, the CHO of the toxic TCA did not red shift from 1,689 cm−1 to 1,674 cm−1 up to pH 6.5. There was no change in the CC of the toxic TCA at 1640 cm−1 in ALDH at different pHs. The conclusion of the study was that the CHO of the toxic TCA was intercepted by the Oxy‐Res under the action of ALDH in the mitochondria, particularly at pH 7.8. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 2019
General model for depth‐resolved estimation of the optical attenuation coefficients in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Amaral Marcello M. , Zezell Denise M. , Monte Adamo F. G. , de Cara Ana C. B. , Araújo Jeann C. R. , Antunes Andrea , Freitas Anderson Z. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present the proof of concept of a general model that uses the tissue sample transmittance as input to estimate the depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient of tissue samples using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This method allows us to obtain an image of tissue optical properties instead of intensity contrast, guiding diagnosis and tissues differentiation, extending its application from thick to thin samples. The performance of our method was simulated and tested with the assistance of a home built single‐layered and multilayered phantoms (~100 μm each layer) with known attenuation coefficient on the range of 0.9 to 2.32 mm−1. It is shown that the estimated depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient recovers the reference values, measured by using an integrating sphere followed by the inverse adding doubling processing technique. That was corroborated for all situations when the correct transmittance value is used with an average difference of 7%. Finally, we applied the proposed method to estimate the depth‐resolved attenuation coefficient for a thin biological sample, demonstrating the ability of our method on real OCT images.
The optimization of sintering treatment on bovine‐derived bone grafts for bone regeneration: in vitro and in vivo evaluation
Authors: Xu An‐Tian , Qi Wen‐Ting , Lin Meng‐Na , Zhu Yu‐Hao , He Fu‐Ming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractModifications of sintering temperature and treatment time of bovine‐derived bone grafts affect their physicochemical properties and further influence biological activity. Three different temperature sintered bovine‐derived bone grafts: group I (300 °C 3 h), group II (300 °C 3 h plus 530 °C 6 h), and group III (300 °C 3 h plus 1000 °C 2 h) and Bio‐Oss® were characterized and then compared in vitro for their effects on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) migration, proliferation, and differentiation as estimated by cell migration assay, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, and Alizarin red staining. Further, the four bone grafts were implanted into the calvarial defects of rabbits to evaluate bone regeneration and graft degradation. The four deproteinized bovine‐derived bone grafts displayed different surface topography. Group II displayed the highest potential of attracting cells. Both groups I and II markedly promote BMSCs differentiation. After 6 and 12 weeks, defects grafted with groups I and II displayed a significant higher bone fraction than defects grafted with group III and Bio‐Oss®. Bone graft remnants remained in all four groups. Taken together, sintering at 300 °C for 3 h and sintering at 300 °C for 3 h with an addition of 530 °C for 6 h of bovine‐dervied bone grafts displayed potential use in bone regeneration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:272–281, 2020.
Spatial control of oxygen delivery to three‐dimensional cultures alters cancer cell growth and gene expression
Authors: Wulftange William J. , Rose Michelle A. , Garmendia‐Cedillos Marcial , da Silva Davi , Poprawski Joanna E. , Srinivasachar Dhruv , Sullivan Taylor , Lim Langston , Bliskovsky Valery V. , Hall Matthew D. , Pohida Thomas J. , Robey Robert W. , Morgan Nicole Y. , Gottesman Michael M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCommonly used monolayer cancer cell cultures fail to provide a physiologically relevant environment in terms of oxygen delivery. Here, we describe a three‐dimensional (3D) bioreactor system where cancer cells are grown in Matrigel in modified six‐well plates. Oxygen is delivered to the cultures through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane at the bottom of the wells, with microfabricated PDMS pillars to control oxygen delivery. The plates receive 3% oxygen from below and 0% oxygen at the top surface of the media, providing a gradient of 3–0% oxygen. We compared growth and transcriptional profiles for cancer cells grown in Matrigel in the bioreactor, 3D cultures grown in 21% oxygen, and cells grown in a standard hypoxia chamber at 3% oxygen. Additionally, we compared gene expression of conventional two‐dimensional monolayer culture and 3D Matrigel culture in 21% oxygen. We conclude that controlled oxygen delivery may provide a more physiologically relevant 3D system.
Inhibition of GLI2 with antisense‐oligonucleotides: A potential therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer
Authors: Raven Peter A. , Lysakowski Summer , Tan Zheng , D'Costa Ninadh M. , Moskalev Igor , Frees Sebastian , Struss Werner , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Narita Shintaro , Buttyan Ralph , Chavez‐Munoz Claudia , So Alan I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays an integral role in the maintenance and progression of bladder cancer (BCa) and SHH inhibition may be an efficacious strategy for BCa treatment. We assessed an in‐house human BCa tissue microarray and found that the SHH transcription factors, GLI1 and GLI2, were increased in disease progression. A panel of BCa cell lines show that two invasive lines, UM‐UC‐3 and 253J‐BV, both express these transcription factors but UM‐UC‐3 produces more SHH ligand and is less responsive in viability to pathway stimulation by recombinant human SHH or smoothened agonist, and less responsive to inhibitors including the smoothened inhibitors cyclopamine and SANT‐1. In contrast, 253J‐BV was highly responsive to these manipulations. We utilized a GLI1 and GLI2 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to bypass pathway mechanics and target the transcription factors directly. UM‐UC‐3 decreased in viability due to both ASOs but 253J‐BV was only affected by GLI2 ASO. We utilized the murine intravesical orthotopic human BCa (mio‐hBC) model for the establishment of noninvasive BCa and treated tumors with GLI2 ASO. Tumor size, growth rate, and GLI2 messenger RNA and protein expression were decreased. These results suggest that GLI2 ASO may be a promising new targeted therapy for BCa.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate inhibits migration of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by repressing MMP‐2 expression
Authors: Ho Hsu‐Chueh , Huang Cheng‐Chen , Lu Yen‐Ting , Yeh Chia‐Ming , Ho Yu‐Ting , Yang Shun‐Fa , Hsin Chung‐Han , Lin Chiao‐Wen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetastasis of the cancer cells to the regional lymph nodes parts of the body remains an important cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), the most important ingredient in the green tea, has been reported to possess antioxidant and anticancer activities. However, the effects of EGCG on NPC cell metastasis are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the in vitro antimetastatic properties of EGCG on human NPC cells, NPC‐39, HONE‐1 and NPC‐BM. The results revealed that EGCG considerably inhibited the migration abilities of three NPC cells. The matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2) activity and expression were also significantly inhibited by EGCG treatment. Furthermore, EGCG suppressed the phosphorylation of the Src signaling pathway. Moreover, blocking the Src pathway also inhibits MMP‐2 expression and migration in the NPC cells. In conclusion, this study revealed that EGCG could inhibit the metastatic activity of human NPC cells by downregulating the protein expression of MMP‐2 through modulation of the Src signaling pathway, suggesting that EGCG may be a potential candidate for chemoprevention of NPC.
Treatment of human neuroblastoma cell line SH‐SY5Y with HSP27 siRNA tagged‐exosomes decreased differentiation rate into mature neurons
Authors: Shokrollahi Elhameh , Nourazarian Alireza , Rahbarghazi Reza , Salimi Leila , Karbasforush Saeede , Khaksar Majid , Salarinasab Sadegh , Abhari Alireza , Heidarzadeh Morteza 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHeat shock proteins (HSPs) participate in the regulation of different cell activities in response to stimuli. By applying different strategies, the modulation of heat shock proteins is at the center of attention. Conventional delivery approaches are not fully encouraged due to cytotoxicity and immunogenicity issues. Exosomes are touted as bio‐shuttles for delivery of distinct biomolecules inside the cells. Here, we aimed to HSP27 small interfering RNA (siRNA)‐tagged exosomes for the inhibition of Hsp27 in human neuroblastoma cell line SH‐SY5Y and explored differentiation into neuron‐like cells. Exosomes were isolated, characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and CD63 then enriched with siRNA against Hsp27. Neuroblastoma cells were incubated with exosomes carrying siRNA for 48 hr. Exosome uptake was monitored by immunofluorescence assay. The cell viability and proliferation were analyzed using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide and bromodeoxyuridine/5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine incorporation assays. The ability of cells to form colonies was evaluated by clonogenic assay. The cell potential to express NeuN, a mature neuron factor, was studied by flow cytometry analysis. SEM showed the nano‐sized particles and a high level of CD63 after enrichment. Immunofluorescence imaging revealed an appropriate transfection rate in cell exposed to Hsp27 siRNA tagged exosomes. The cell viability and proliferation were reduced compared to cells received nude exosomes (
p < 0.05). Clonogenic activity of cells was diminished by the inhibition of Hsp27. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the inhibition of Hsp27 prohibited NeuN content, showing the maturation of SH‐SY5Y cells to mature cells compared to control. These data confirmed that exosomes could be used as appropriate bio‐shuttles for the inhibition of Hsp27‐aborted cell differentiation toward mature neuron.
Contextual moderators for leadership potential based on trait activation theory
Authors: Luria Gil , Kahana Allon , Goldenberg Judith , Noam Yair 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis study tested the moderating role of group properties in the relationship between two prototypical leadership attributes (cognitive ability and adjustment) and leadership potential. Building on trait activation theory, we investigated one organizational cue (degree of centralization in the informal social structure) and one social cue (average level of the relevant attribute among other group members) and posited that the two prototypical leadership attributes would more likely be activated (leading to leadership potential) in more centralized groups and in groups where others have lower levels of the studied attribute. We tested 874 combat soldiers undergoing basic training in 71 teams. In a time‐lagged design, we measured general cognitive ability and adjustment before conscription and then used regression analyses to calculate the group informal social structure and leadership potential several months after conscription. As predicted, the relationships of both adjustment and cognitive ability with leadership potential were moderated by group informal structure, with stronger relationships in groups with more centralized structures. Other group members' cognitive ability moderated the relationship between cognitive ability and leadership potential (stronger relationships in groups with lower mean of others' cognitive ability), but other group members' adjustment did not moderate the relationship between adjustment and leadership potential.
Evaluating narrative operative reports for endoscopic sinus surgery in a residency training program
Authors: Wheeler Shannon C. , Miglani Amar , Deep Nicholas L. , Girardo Marlene E. , Hinni Michael , Lal Devyani 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveThe narrative operative report (NR) bears testimony to critical elements of patient care. Residents’ NRs also provide insights into their comprehension of the procedure. NR documentation is an informal element of surgical residency training but data regarding quality of such training are scant. We aim to evaluate the NR within a residency training program.MethodsThe quality of NRs for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was evaluated through a retrospective analysis of 90 NRs for ESS. Thirty‐four elements that the attending surgeon regards as “critical” variables, or quality indicators (QIs), that should be documented, were studied to evaluate quality. A “performance metric (PM),” defined as the average percent of QIs dictated/total word count, was determined. Subgroup analysis by the level of training was additionally performed.ResultsSurgical indications, procedural steps, and immediate postoperative findings were accurately documented in 71%, 84%, and 82% of patients, respectively. The attending surgeon had the highest proportion of included key elements (89% ± 6.2%) followed by junior residents (87% ± 5.7%) and then senior residents (80% ± 14%) (P = .008). The attending surgeon also demonstrated the highest PM, followed by senior and then junior residents (P < .0001).ConclusionsThe quality of NRs was found to be high overall, but not “perfect” for either the attending or trainee surgeon. The PM among residents was expectedly lower than the attending surgeon. We propose that a synoptic reporting system that ensures inclusion of key elements may be helpful in training residents (and attendings) in creating comprehensive and efficient NRs.Level of Evidence3