bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 10‐year study of the etiopathogenesis of cysts with a study of seromucinous glands in vocal folds
Authors: Nerurkar Nupur Kapoor , Chitnis Trishna , Gupta Vani Krishana , Muzumdar Girish , Patel Keyuri , Bhuiyan Pritha 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveAn increasing number of vocal fold cysts excised, as compared to polyps, over the last decade led us to review these cases. We found a statistically significant increase in cysts excised as compared to polyps, over the latter 5‐year period (2013–2017). This prompted us to analyze possible factors responsible for this increase. We also performed a histological study of the normative distribution pattern of seromucinous glands in the apparently normal vocal folds.MethodsA retrospective review of all cysts and polyps excised over a 10‐year period was performed. Patient demographics, air‐pollution levels, videostroboscopic findings and histologic analysis of pathology were reviewed. Findings were compared between the initial and latter 5‐year period of all cysts excised. The second part of the study entailed a histological study of the presence and distribution pattern of seromucinous glands in 40 apparently normal fresh frozen cadaver vocal folds.ResultsThere was a statistically significant (P = .035) increase of mucous retention cysts excised as compared to polyps over the latter 5‐year period. Decreased laryngeal hydration was a significant associated finding in cysts excised over the decade as compared to polyps. Striking zone lesions, suggestive of vocal abuse, were seen in a majority of patients of both polyps and cysts excised over the decade. Air pollution had significantly increased in India over the latter 5‐year period. Vocal fold histology in cadavers revealed a presence of seromucinous glands in 32.50% (13/40) with 25.00% (10/40) present in the Superficial Lamina Propria (SLP).ConclusionDecreased laryngeal hydration, vocal abuse and mucous glands present in the SLP may be predisposing factors towards mucous retention cyst formation. An increase in number of these cysts excised over the latter 5‐year period was seen as was increased air pollution.Level of Evidence3b for the first part of study and NA for the second part of the studyLaryngoscope, 130:986–991, 2020
A partially penalized P1/CR immersed finite element method for planar elasticity interface problems
Authors: Liu Angran , Chen Jinru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe propose a partially penalized P1/CR immersed finite element (IFE) method with midpoint values on edges as degrees of freedom for CR elements to solve planar elasticity interface problems. Optimal approximation errors in L2 norm and H1 semi‐norm are obtained for the P1/CR IFE spaces. Moreover, by adding some stabilization terms on the edges of interface elements, we derive an optimal error estimate for the P1/CR IFE method. Our method differs from the method with average values on edges as degrees of freedom for P1/CR elements in Qin et al.'s study, where no approximation theoretical result was presented. Numerical examples confirm our theoretical results.
Overall survival for neuroblastoma in South Africa between 2000 and 2014
Authors: Van Heerden Jaques , Hendricks Marc , Geel Jennifer , Sartorius Benn , Hadley G. P. , Du Plessis Jan , Büchner Ané , Naidu Gita , Van Emmenes Barry , Van Zyl Anel , Kruger Mariana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOutcome data for neuroblastoma in sub‐Saharan Africa are minimal, whereas poor outcome is reported in low‐ and middle‐income countries. A multi‐institutional retrospective study across South Africa was undertaken to determine outcome.MethodsPatients treated between January 2000 and December 2014 in nine South African pediatric oncology units were included. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models were employed to determine two‐year survival rates and to identify prognostic factors.ResultsData from 390 patients were analyzed. The median age was 39.9 months (range, 0–201 months). The majority presented with stage 4 disease (70%). The main chemotherapy regimens were OPEC/OJEC (44.8%), St Jude NB84 protocol (28.96%), and Rapid COJEC (22.17%). Only 44.4% had surgery across all risk groups, whereas only 16.5% of high‐risk patients received radiotherapy. The two‐year overall survival (OS) for the whole cohort was 37.6%: 94.1%, 81.6%, and 66.7%, respectively, for the very‐low‐risk, low‐risk, and intermediate‐risk groups and 27.6% for the high‐risk group (P < 0.001, 95% CI). The median survival time for the whole group was 13 months (mean, 41.9 months; range, 0.1–209 months). MYCN‐nonamplified patients had a superior two‐year OS of 51.3% in comparison with MYCN‐amplified patients at 37.3% (P = 0.002, 95% CI).ConclusionsLimited disease had an OS comparable with high‐income countries, but advanced disease had a poor OS. South Africa should focus on early diagnosis and implementation of a national protocol with equitable access to treatment.
Accelerator for Ultrafast Laser Serial Production
Authors: Ryll Joachim , Holtkamp Jens , Eifel Stephan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe world of serial applications has long been denied the possibility of ablation processes with ultrafast pulsed laser radiation due to high investment costs and low ablation rates. Nowadays, process scaling with advanced beam shaping technologies make use of the available high laser powers and therefor opens up possibilities for serial processing of individual components. But the exclusive focus on the main time of laser processing is not enough for a production system. Only the combined operation of handling systems, measurement technology, and process automation allow the ultrafast laser technology to spread further into volume markets.
Energy Storage, Lasered!
Authors: Wegener Maximilian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries are a key technology for all automotive manufacturers in 2019. The broad market acceptance of battery‐powered mobility is dependent primarily on three factors: greater capacity with higher charging and discharging currents for a long range and short charging times, absolute safety, and declining production costs. As a technologically leading manufacturer of fully integrated production lines for lithium‐ion batteries, high‐tech equipment manufacturer Manz is thus focused on the advantages of laser process technology.
Integration of Sequential Reactions in a Continuous Flow Droplet Reactor: A Route to Architecturally Defined Bimetallic Nanostructures
Authors: Santana Joshua S. , Gamler Jocelyn T. L. , Skrabalak Sara E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMicroreactors for nanoparticle (NP) synthesis offer advantages over batch reactions in terms of scale‐up and integration with online analyses. Herein, two microreactors (i.e., a duo‐microreactor) are integrated to achieve sequential reactions for the synthesis of bimetallic NPs with architectural control. The generality of the duo‐microreactor is shown with the synthesis of branched Pd‐Pt NPs and core@shell Pd@Au NPs, both achieved by synthesizing Pd nanocubes in the first part of the duo‐microreactor and then using those nanocubes downstream as seeds for Pt or Au deposition. Control of the dimensions of these NPs is further demonstrated and achieved by tailoring metal precursor concentrations inline. This microreactor methodology is anticipated to be applicable to other bimetallic NP systems.
Asymptomatic congenital tracheal stenosis
Authors: Sumi Toshiyuki , Ikeda Takumi , Nakata Hisashi 
Published: August 2019

Key messageCongenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) is often identified by characteristic wheezes and cyanosis in childhood. However, an asymptomatic progression to adulthood is rare. Asymptomatic latent CTS cases with a mild degree of stenosis may exist.
Data quality and feasibility issues with industry‐related Sustainable Development Goal targets for Sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Luken Ralph , Mörec Urška , Meinert Tim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractManufacturing output, employment, and resource use were entirely missing from the Millennium Development Goals but now play a central role in the newly formulated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this paper, we analyze the quality of databases for assessing progress by Sub‐Saharan African countries towards meeting industry‐related SDG targets. We find data quality issues least severe for two out of the five conventional economic indicators but extremely severe for the other three economic indicators, moderately severe for the one employment indicator, and extremely severe for the six environmental indicators except for energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. We also assess the feasibility of meeting conventional economic, employment, and energy targets by the year 2030 and find that they are overly optimistic for most countries. We propose setting additional and more realistic targets based on past country performance.
The pre‐commercialization emergence of the combination of product features in the charge‐coupled device image sensor
Authors: Roy Raja , Lampert Curba M. , Sarkar MB 
Published: August 2019

AbstractResearch SummaryDespite recent investigations that expand our understanding of the evolution of a new industry and the role of its early actors, an exploration of the critical function of firm experimentation in the pre‐commercialization phase has been lacking in the literature. This study focuses on the pre‐commercialization phase of CCD image sensors and uncovers the emergence of the combination of product features—chosen through systematic experimentations—that define the post‐commercialization dominant design.Managerial SummaryWe examine how pre‐commercialization experimentation generates new knowledge that transfers from one early actor to another enabling them to sequentially mitigate the product performance trade‐offs associated with the combination of product features that define the eventual dominant design. Our findings describe how firm experimentation helps the emergence of product features in the pre‐commercialization phase of CCD image sensors, which shapes the post‐commercialization dominant design to emerge.
Paper‐Based Disposable Zinc‐Vanadium Fuel Cell for Micropower Applications
Authors: Pasala Vasudevarao , Ramanujam Kothandaraman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe emergence properties of paper as the ionic conductor has driven the new development in energy generators mainly micro‐nano scale energy. Instead of the flow channels in conventional fuel cells, the capillary action of the paper controls the flow of the electrolytes. Paper based biofuel cells and electrochemical fuel cells are recent trends in micro‐nano power generation to support the biosensors. In this study, zinc fuel and
oxidant were used to form a membraneless fuel cell. Instead of membrane, Whatmann® 2 filter paper was used as the separator cum autonomous microfluidic pumping system. When 6 M KOH and 1.5 M
in 2.5 M H2SO4 were supplied on the anode and cathode respectively, a peak power density of 9.4 mW cm−2 at 1.21 V and open circuit voltage of ∼ 2.5 V were realized. Due to the low cost and high power associated with this system, it can be used to power the Lab‐on‐Chip devices employed for single use point‐of‐care applications.
Modification of MIL‐125(Ti) by Incorporating Various Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photocurrent during Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Fiaz Muhammad , Athar Muhammad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHighly efficient photocatalysts of the type MxOy@MIL‐125(Ti) (MxOy= MnO2, Fe2O3, Co3O4, NiO and CuO) have been prepared by in‐situ incorporation of pre synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles into MIL‐125(Ti) through hydrothermal method. The synthesized samples have been characterized by Powder X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectrometry, Elemental Mapping, UV‐Vis spectrophotometry andN2‐adsorption Isotherm. The photoelectrochemical properties for oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction have been studied by Cyclic voltammetry and Linear sweep voltammetry analysis in 2 M aq. KOH electrolyte and stability for constant current generation of these samples is observed by Chronoamperometric measurements. These studies indicate that metal oxide nanoparticles have been successfully incorporated into MIL‐125(Ti), which enhance the efficient absorption of visible light and improve the oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution reaction activity during water splitting. Furthermore, from linear sweep voltammetry results at 1mVs−1 scan rate it is observed that MxOy@MIL‐125(Ti) samples have lower onset potential and higher current density as compared to pure MIL‐125(Ti). CuO@MIL‐125(Ti)/NF exhibited highest current density, lowest onset potential and better oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction activity as compared to all other synthesized samples.
Application of rule‐based expert systems in hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation case study: Software and performance validation of an engine electronic control unit
Authors: Ortega‐Cabezas Pedro Miguel , Colmenar‐Santos Antonio , Borge‐Diez David , Blanes‐Peiró Jorge Juan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInnovative techniques to validate software are needed to reduce cost and increase software quality.This research aims to check if two rule‐based expert systems (EXs) combined with dynamic‐link libraries (dlls) perform better than other techniques widely employed in the automotive sector when validating the engine electronic control unit (ECU) software by using a hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulation.To perform this research, 15 software modules (SMs) of different complexities were chosen to be validated in an HIL simulation by using different techniques such as the manual execution, the tester‐in‐the‐loop, the model‐based testing, a rule‐based EX, and the combination of two EXs to establish the code and functional coverage, the productivity gain, the number of bugs found, potential limitations of each technique, and the success rate of the HIL simulation. The test cases used are described in‐depth in Section 2.The enhancement, which dlls and EXs offer, depends on the number of states in the functional model used in the EXs and the number of subintervals in which the SM inputs can be divided. A range between 6 and 16 more bugs can be detected when using two EXs. The HIL enhancement can reach 6%, 16.8%, and 18% depending on the SM complexity.
Photon masses in the landscape and the swampland
Authors: Reece Matthew 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn effective quantum field theory, a spin-1 vector boson can have a technically natural small mass that does not originate from the Higgs mechanism. For such theories, which may be written in Stückelberg form, there is no point in field space at which the mass is exactly zero. I argue that quantum gravity differs from, and constrains, effective field theory: arbitrarily small Stückelberg masses are forbidden. In particular, the limit in which the mass goes to zero lies at infinite distance in field space, and this distance is correlated with a tower of modes becoming light according to the Swampland Distance Conjecture. Application of Tower or Sublattice variants of the Weak Gravity Conjecture makes this statement more precise: for a spin-1 vector boson with coupling constanteand Stückelberg massm, local quantum field theory breaks down at energies at or below ΛUV= min((mMPl/e)1/2,e1/3MPl). Combined with phenomenological constraints, this argument implies that the Standard Model photon must be exactly massless. It also implies that much of the parameter space for light dark photons, which are the target of many experimental searches, is compatible only with Higgs and not Stückelberg mass terms. This significantly affects the experimental limits and cosmological histories of such theories. I explain various caveats and weak points of the arguments, including loopholes that could be targets for model-building.
Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to the Cervical Lymph Nodes: Outcomes of Compartment‐Oriented Lymph Node Resection
Authors: Rivera‐Robledo Carlos Gustavo , Velázquez‐Fernández David , Pantoja Juan Pablo , Sierra Mauricio , Pérez‐Enriquez Bernardo , Rivera‐Moscoso Raul , Chapa Mónica , Herrera Miguel F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma after initial treatment is challenging. Surgical reintervention is recommended, but cure after surgery in uncertain and surgical morbidity may be high. This study evaluates the effect of compartment‐oriented lymph node dissection (LND) on clinical and biochemical cure rate as well as the related complications.Patients and methodsAll patients who underwent LND for recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma between 2000 and 2015 were included. Demography, the extent of the initial surgery, usage of 131I, the pattern of recurrence, diagnosis, details of the surgical reintervention, histological findings, surgical morbidity, and clinical and biochemical outcomes were analyzed.ResultsThere were 11 (12.7%) males and 75 (87.2%) females with a mean age of 42.8 ± 14.6 years. Seventy‐seven patients had undergone total thyroidectomy and in 67 (77.9%) some type of LN resection. In 76 (88.3%), 131I was administered after the initial surgery. We localized suspicious lymph nodes by US in all patients, and metastases were documented before surgery by FNA in 63. Seven (8.13%) patients underwent central LND, 63 (73.2%) lateral LND and 16 (18.6%) both, central and lateral LND. Major complications occurred in 6 patients (6.9%). Sixty‐two (72.0%) patients received 131I after surgery. A second surgical re‐exploration was performed in 30 (34.8%) patients, and 7 patients required 3 or more additional LND. In a mean follow‐up of 59.4 ± 39 months, 51 (59.3%) patients are clinically, radiologically and biochemically free of disease.ConclusionsIn this series, compartment‐oriented lymph node resection of recurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma leads to a final clinical and biochemical disease‐free status of 59.3% with 6.9% of major complications.
Integrating routine clinical interventions with single-case methodology: Parallels, differences and bridging strategies
Authors: Tate Robyn L. , Perdices Michael , Wakim Donna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractClinical practice offers the opportunity for the clinician to be a scientist-practitioner in the workplace. This, in turn, facilitates building practice-based evidence. But this can only occur if the effects of the interventions are objectively and systematically evaluated. To this end, single-case methodology is a valuable tool to implement an intervention in a scientifically rigorous manner and gather data on treatment effectiveness. It is possible to incorporate single-case methods into routine clinical practice by using a few simple strategies. This paper examines the ways in which single-case methodology departs from (a) routine clinical practice and (b) the familiar between-groups research design, such as the randomised controlled trial. It presents five practical strategies that will bridge the gap between routine clinical practice and single-case methodology. The Model for Assessing Treatment Effect is described as providing context for and a framework to self-evaluate the scientific rigour in clinical practice and benchmark service delivery.
High calcium intake from fat-free milk, body composition and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomised crossover clinical trial
Authors: Gomes Júnia Maria Geraldo , de Assis Costa Jorge , Ribeiro Priscila Vaz de Melo , Alfenas Rita de Cássia Gonçalves 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of high-Ca fat-free milk v. low-Ca control diet on adiposity and on glycaemic control. Fourteen subjects with type 2 diabetes (aged 49·5 (sd 8·6) years, BMI 29·4 (sd 4·5) kg/m2, low habitual Ca consumption (&lt;600 mg/d)) were included in this randomised, crossover clinical trial. Subjects participated in two 12-week experimental sessions (high-Ca fat-free milk (HC) or low-Ca control (LC)) separated by 8-week washout. Subjects daily consumed in the laboratory a breakfast shake containing 700 mg (HC) or 6·4 mg (LC) of Ca. Energy-restricted diets containing 800 mg of dietary Ca/d were prescribed. Dietary records data indicated the consumption of 1200 mg of Ca/d during HC and of 525 mg of Ca/d during LC. There was a greater reduction in body weight, body fat mass, waist circumference and waist:hip ratio after HC. Serum 25-hydoxyvitamin D and homeostatic model assessment-2 β-cell function (HOMA2-%B) increased, and serum uric acid, parathormone (PTH) and glycated Hb (HbA1c) concentrations reduced after HC. In addition, changes from baseline in terms of serum uric acid, glucose, HbA1c and PTH concentrations were lower, and those of HOMA2-%B, serum Ca and 25-hydoxyvitamin D were higher after the HC than after LC. The consumption of approximately three servings of fat-free milk and 1200 mg of dietary Ca/d enhanced weight loss, improved body composition and promoted glycaemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes and low habitual Ca consumption (&lt;600 mg/d).
Legal Mediators: British consuls in Tengyue (western Yunnan) and the Burma-China frontier region, 1899–1931
Authors: WHEWELL EMILY 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBritish consuls were key agents for the British imperial presence in China from 1842 to 1943. Their role, which was to perform administrative duties that protected the rights of British subjects, is most prominently remembered in connection with the east coast. Here larger foreign communities and international maritime trade necessitated their presence. However, British consuls were also posted to the far southwest province of Yunnan and the Burma-China frontier region. This article sheds light on the role of consuls working in the little-known British consular station of Tengyue, situated close to the Burma-China frontier. Using the reports of locally stationed consuls and Burmese frontier officials, it argues that consuls were important mediators of legal power operating at the fringes of empire for British imperial and colonial interests in this region. They represented British and European subjects, and were mediators in legal disputes between British Burma and China, helping to smooth over Sino-British relations and promoting British Burmese sovereign interests. The article serves to shift our attention from the British presence in China on the east coast to the southwestern frontier, demonstrate the importance of consular legal duties, and emphasize the trans-imperial nature of British legal roles across this region.
Sovereignty, Mastery, and Law in the Danish West Indies, 1672–1733
Authors: Simonsen Gunvor 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, officers of the Danish West India and Guinea Company struggled to balance the sovereignty of the company with the mastery of St. Thomas’ and St. John's slave owners. This struggle was central to the making of the laws that controlled enslaved Africans and their descendants. Slave laws described slave crime and punishment, yet they also contained descriptions of the political entities that had the power to represent and execute the law. Succeeding governors of St. Thomas and St. John set out to align claims about state sovereignty with masters’ prerogatives, and this balancing act shaped the substance of slave law in the Danish West Indies. Indeed, the slave laws pronounced by and the legal thinking engaged in by island governors suggest that sovereignty was never a stable state of affairs in the Danish West Indies. It was always open to renegotiation as governors, with varying degrees of loyalty to the company and at times with questionable capability, strove to determine what sovereignty ought to look like in a time of slavery.