bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Composite Electrode Applied for Studying the Electrochemistry of Insoluble Particles: α‐HgS
Authors: Yang Minjun , Compton Richard G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe redox chemistry of solid α‐HgS particles is revealed using a carbon/PVDF composite containing α‐HgS, carbon black, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The electrochemical behaviour of the carbon/PVDF composite is first characterised with three water insoluble organic solids. Then the reduction of solid α‐HgS particles is investigated and found to occur at a high negative potential, −1.82 V versus saturated mercury sulphate reference electrode, to form metallic mercury and sulphide ions. The subsequent oxidation of metallic mercury and sulphide occurs at +0.24 and −0.49 V versus MSE respectively.
Copper‐Catalyzed Allylic C−H Alkynylation by Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Almasalma Ahmad A. , Mejía Esteban 
Published: May 2018

AbstractC−H bond functionalization is a well‐developed concept that has been thoroughly studied and gives entry to rather complex molecules without the need for previous derivatization of the substrates. The use of copper complexes in allylic C−H bond functionalization under oxidative conditions as an alternative to the well‐established palladium‐based methodologies remains largely underdeveloped. Here, we show for the first time a selective cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction between underivatized allylic substrates and terminal alkynes to produce 1,4‐enynes in high yields in a single step, using an in situ synthesized copper catalyst and an oxidant.
Atomic‐Resolution Structure of a Class C β‐Lactamase and Its Complex with Avibactam
Authors: Pozzi Cecilia , Di Pisa Flavio , De Luca Filomena , Benvenuti Manuela , Docquier Jean Denis , Mangani Stefano 
Published: May 2018

Abstractβ‐Lactamases (BLs) are important antibiotic‐resistance determinants that significantly compromise the efficacy of valuable β‐lactam antibacterial drugs. Thus, combinations with BL inhibitor were developed. Avibactam is the first non‐β‐lactam BL inhibitor introduced into clinical practice. Ceftazidime–avibactam represents one of the few last‐resort antibiotics available for the treatment of infections caused by near‐pandrug‐resistant bacteria. TRU‐1 is a chromosomally encoded AmpC‐type BL of Aeromonas enteropelogenes, related to the FOX‐type BLs and constitutes a good model for class C BLs. TRU‐1 crystals provided ultrahigh‐resolution diffraction data for the native enzyme and for its complex with avibactam. A comparison of the native and avibactam‐bound structures revealed new details in the conformations of residues relevant for substrate and/or inhibitor binding. Furthermore, a comparison of the TRU‐1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa AmpC avibactam‐bound structures revealed two inhibitor conformations that were likely to correspond to two different states occurring during inhibitor carbamylation/recyclization.
Capacitor re‐design overcomes the rotation rate limit of MACS resonators
Authors: Adhikari Shyam S. , Wallrabe Ulrike , Badilita Vlad , Korvink Jan G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe magic angle coil spinning (MACS) technique has provided a breakthrough in enhancing sensitivity in magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR. However, efforts in improving the MACS detector for higher spinning speeds have been lacking. One published MACS construction technique is to solder a handwound solenoidal coil to a commercial non‐magnetic capacitor and subsequently centering the detector inside the MAS rotor. An alternative method to realize these detectors is by using MEMS fabrication at the wafer scale, potentially capable of achieving reproducible MACS detectors. However, it is also important that the performance of the sensors does not deteriorate as a result of microfabrication constraints. The footprint of the detectors is a limiting factor in achieving higher spinning speeds. One of the key elements of a micro‐resonator is its tuning capacitor, whose geometry has a significant influence on its electrical and mechanical performance. The quality factor of the capacitor, along with the induced eddy currents, are the key performance parameters considered. The article addresses these concerns by presenting a study of microfabricated on‐chip capacitors for magic angle coil spinning (MACS) detectors. The capacitors are juxtaposed with commercially available capacitors and the most suitable fit to be integrated with a micro‐coil is established.
Assessment of the Drug Interaction Potential of Ertugliflozin With Sitagliptin, Metformin, Glimepiride, or Simvastatin in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Dawra Vikas Kumar , Cutler David L. , Zhou Susan , Krishna Rajesh , Shi Haihong , Liang Yali , Alvey Christine , Hickman Anne , Saur Didier , Terra Steven G. , Sahasrabudhe Vaishali 
Published: May 2018

AbstractErtugliflozin, a sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, is expected to be coadministered with sitagliptin, metformin, glimepiride, and/or simvastatin. Four separate open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, crossover studies were conducted in healthy adults to assess the potential pharmacokinetic interactions between ertugliflozin 15 mg and sitagliptin 100 mg (n = 12), metformin 1000 mg (n = 18), glimepiride 1 mg (n = 18), or simvastatin 40 mg (n = 18). Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters derived from plasma concentration–time data were analyzed using mixed‐effects models to assess interactions. Coadministration of sitagliptin, metformin, glimepiride, or simvastatin with ertugliflozin had no effect on area under the plasma concentration–time profile from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf) or maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) of ertugliflozin (per standard bioequivalence boundaries, 80% to 125%). Similarly, ertugliflozin did not have any impact on AUCinf or Cmax of sitagliptin, metformin, or glimepiride. AUCinf for simvastatin (24%) and simvastatin acid (30%) increased slightly after coadministration with ertugliflozin and was not considered clinically relevant. All treatments were well tolerated. The lack of clinically meaningful pharmacokinetic interactions demonstrates that ertugliflozin can be coadministered safely with sitagliptin, metformin, glimepiride, or simvastatin without any need for dose adjustment.
Organoruthenium and Organoosmium Complexes of 2‐Pyridinecarbothioamides Functionalized with a Sulfonamide Motif: Synthesis, Cytotoxicity and Biomolecule Interactions
Authors: Arshad Jahanzaib , Hanif Muhammad , Zafar Ayesha , Movassaghi Sanam , Tong Kelvin K. H. , Reynisson Jóhannes , Kubanik Mario , Waseem Amir , Söhnel Tilo , Jamieson Stephen M. F. , Hartinger Christian G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAnticancer‐active RuII–η6‐p‐cymene complexes of bioactive 2‐pyridinecarbothioamide ligands have been shown to have high selectivity for plectin and can be administered orally. Reported herein is the functionalization of a 2‐pyridinecarbothioamide with a sulfonamide group and its conversion into M–η6‐p‐cymene complexes (M = Ru, Os). The presence of a sulfonamide moiety in many organic drugs and metal complexes endows these agents with interesting biological properties and can transform the latter into multi‐targeted agents. The compounds were characterized with standard methods and the in vitro anticancer activity data was compared with studies on the hydrolytic stability of the complexes and their reactivity to small biomolecules. A molecular modeling study revealed plausible modes of binding of the complexes in the catalytic pocket of carbonic anhydrase II.
The development of consistency and flexibility in manual pointing during middle childhood
Authors: Golenia Laura , Schoemaker Marina M. , Otten Egbert , Tuitert Inge , Bongers Raoul M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGoal‐directed actions become truly functional and skilled when they are consistent yet flexible. In manual pointing, end‐effector consistency is characterized by the end position of the index fingertip, whereas flexibility in movement execution is captured by the use of abundant arm‐joint configurations not affecting the index finger end position. Because adults have been shown to exploit their system's flexibility in challenging conditions, we wondered whether during middle childhood children are already able to exploit motor flexibility when demanded by the situation. We had children aged 5–10 years and adults perform pointing movements in a nonchallenging and challenging condition. Results showed that end‐effector errors and flexibility in movement execution decreased with age. Importantly, only the 9‐10‐year‐olds and adults showed increased flexibility in the challenging condition. Thus, while consistency increases and flexibility decreases during mid‐childhood development, from the age of nine children appear able to employ more flexibility with increasing task demands.
Embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of a brominated flame retardant reduces the size of song‐control nuclei in a songbird
Authors: Eng Margaret L. , Winter Viktoria , Elliott John E. , MacDougall‐Shackleton Scott A. , Williams Tony D. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTEnvironmental contaminants have the potential to act as developmental stressors and impair development of song and the brain of songbirds, but they have been largely unstudied in this context. 2,2′,4,4′,5‐Pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐99) is a brominated flame retardant congener that has demonstrated endocrine disrupting effects, and has pervaded the global environment. We assessed the effects of in ovo exposure to environmentally relevant levels of BDE‐99 on the neuroanatomy of the song‐control system in a model songbird species, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Embryos were exposed via egg injection to a vehicle control (DMSO), 10, 100, or 1000 ng BDE‐99/g egg on the day the egg was laid. Chicks were raised to sexual maturity to investigate long‐term effects of BDE‐99 on the adult male brain. Three key song‐control nuclei (Area X, HVC, RA) all showed a dose‐dependent trend toward decreasing volume as BDE‐99 concentration increased, and birds exposed to 1000 ng/g in ovo BDE‐99 had significantly smaller song‐control nuclei volume compared to control birds. High environmental concentrations of BDE‐99 in avian tissues can be within that range and thus could affect development of the song‐control system in birds, and potentially other processes. We previously found that BDE‐99 exposure during the nestling period had no effect of on the song‐control system, although it did have significant effects on some behaviural endpoints. Taken together, these results suggest that exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) during critical developmental windows can significantly alter neurological development. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2018
Avian demographic responses to drought and fire: a community‐level perspective
Authors: Saracco James F. , Fettig Stephen M. , San Miguel George L. , Mehlman David W. , Thompson Brent E. , Albert Steven K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDrought stress is an important consideration for wildlife in arid and semiarid regions under climate change. Drought can impact plant and animal populations directly, through effects on their physiology, as well as indirectly through effects on vegetation productivity and resource availability, and by creating conditions conducive to secondary disturbance, such as wildfire. We implemented a novel approach to understanding community‐level demographic responses of birds and their habitats to these stressors in the context of climate change at 14 study sites in the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. A large wildfire affecting three of the sites provided a natural experiment for also examining fire effects on vegetation and the bird community. We assessed (1) trends in drought and end‐of‐century (2071–2100) predicted average drought conditions under mid‐range and high greenhouse gas concentration trajectory scenarios; (2) effects of drought and fire on habitat (vegetation greenness); and (3) effects of drought and fire on community‐level avian productivity and adult apparent survival rates. Drought has increased and is expected to increase further at our study sites under climate change. Under spring drought conditions, vegetation greenness and avian productivity declined, while summer drought appeared to negatively affect adult apparent survival rates. Response to fire was mixed; in the year of the fire, avian productivity declined, but was higher than normal for several years post‐fire. Our results highlight important links between environmental stressors and avian vital rates that will likely affect population trajectories in this region under climate change. We suggest that the use and continued development of community‐level demographic models will provide useful tool for leveraging sparse species‐level data to provide multi‐species inferences and inform conservation.
Timing and frequency of sublethal exposure modifies the induction and retention of increased insecticide tolerance in wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus)
Authors: Jones Devin K. , Yates Erika K. , Mattes Brian M. , Hintz William D. , Schuler Matthew S. , Relyea Rick A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Although the paradigm for increased tolerance to pesticides has been by selection on constitutive (naïve) traits, recent research has shown it can also occur through phenotypic plasticity. However, the time period in which induction can occur, the duration of induced tolerance, and the influence of multiple induction events remain unknown. We hypothesized that the induction of increased pesticide tolerance is limited to early sensitive periods, the magnitude of induced tolerance depends on the number of exposures, and the retention of induced tolerance depends on the time elapsed after an exposure and the number of exposures. To test these hypotheses, we exposed wood frog tadpoles to either a no-carbaryl control (water) or 0.5 mg/L carbaryl at 4 time periods, and later tested their tolerance to carbaryl using time-to-death assays. We discovered that tadpoles induced increased tolerance early and midway but not late in our experiment and their constitutive tolerance increased with age. We found no difference in the magnitude of induced tolerance after a single or 2 exposures. Finally, induced pesticide tolerance was reversed within 6 d but was retained only when tadpoles experienced all 4 consecutive exposures. Phenotypic plasticity provides an immediate response for sensitive amphibian larvae to early pesticide exposures and reduces phenotypic mismatches in aquatic environments contaminated by agrochemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2188–2197. © 2018 SETAC
Harmonising European Insolvency Law: The Emerging Role of Stakeholders
Authors: Boon Gert‐Jan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn recent years, the European Commission has given increased room for stakeholder involvement in the area of insolvency and restructuring. In revising the European Insolvency Regulation in 2012–2015 and preparing the proposal for a directive on preventive restructuring frameworks 2016, the role and direct influence of stakeholders has been noteworthy. In these efforts, the Commission touched upon a field of law characterised by diverse stakeholders with strongly opposing interests. Following the active involvement of all stakeholders by the Commission, this study examines what relevant stakeholders are, what their positions are with respect to European Union insolvency legislation and what their role has been and can be in legislative processes in the area of insolvency and restructuring. Copyright © 2018 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Business Rescue in Insolvency Law in Europe: Introducing the ELI Business Rescue Report
Authors: Wessels Bob , Madaus Stephan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn a European study, written under the auspices of the European Law Institute, the authors have designed elements of a legal framework that will enable the further development of coherent and functional rules for business rescue in Europe. Based on the recommendations of international organisations, such as UNCITRAL and the World Bank, as well as the insolvency laws of EU Member States, comparative research has led to a lengthy report of 10 chapters and more than 100 recommendations which are described in this article. They range from the need for professional and honest parties involved in the process (insolvency practitioners, turnaround managers, courts and company directors) to the evaluation of specific tools (such as a stay on enforcement actions of creditors and forms of available finance) and procedural safeguards to enable serious rescue efforts of viable businesses, while protecting justified interests. Copyright © 2018 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of aromatherapy with essential oils of Rosa damascena for the management of premenstrual syndrome
Authors: Heydari Naval , Abootalebi Maliheh , Jamalimoghadam Neda , Kasraeian Maryam , Emamghoreishi Masoumeh , Akbarzaded Marzieh 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of aromatherapy with essential oils of Rosa damascena for the management of premenstrual syndrome (PMS).MethodsThe present triple‐blind randomized clinical trial was conducted between March 5, 2016, and February 20, 2017, among female students attending Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, who experienced PMS, had a menstrual cycle of 24–35 days, were not using vitamin supplements or hormonal drugs, and did not have any underlying diseases. Block randomization was used to assign participants to an intervention group receiving aromatherapy with R. damascena at a 4% concentration or a control group who received aromatherapy with 100% sweet almond oil. Aromatherapy was performed for 5 minutes, twice daily, for a total of 5 days during the luteal phase. The premenstrual symptoms screening tool questionnaire was completed at baseline and after 1 and 2 months of treatment. Per‐protocol analyses were performed with patients and investigators masked to group assignments.ResultsThere were 66 participants enrolled and 64 completed the study (33 in the intervention group and 31 in the control group). At 2 months, aromatherapy with R. damascena was associated with improved psychological (P<0.001), physical (P<0.001), social (P=0.002), and total (P<0.001) PMS symptoms compared with baseline. By contrast, no improvements were recorded in the control group.ConclusionAromatherapy with R. damascena improved multiple symptoms of PMS.Iranian registry of clinical trialsIRCT2016031113940N3.
Fumonisin B1 actuates oxidative stress‐associated colonic damage via apoptosis and autophagy activation in murine model
Authors: Kim Sang Ho , Singh Mahendra Pal , Sharma Chanchal , Kang Sun Chul 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of Fumonisin B1 (FB1) in mice colonic region in a time course manner. Herein, after consecutive 4 days of exposure to FBI (2.5 mg/kg body weight), we observed disintegration of mice colon, as evidenced by histopathological analysis. FB1 significantly increased alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in serum and plasma, decreased ceramide level, increased sphinganine level, and increased lipid peroxidase level along with the breakdown of the antioxidant system. Further, FB1‐induced ER stress caused apoptosis and autophagy activation in mice colon, evidenced by increased expression of IRE1‐α, p‐JNK, Casp3, and LC3I/II. In addition, we also noticed a reduced protein kinase C expression in mice colon exposed to FB1, suggesting its role in ER stress‐induced cell death. Taken together, study suggests both physiologically and biochemically, FB1 toxicity to mice colon induced by oxidative stress‐associated apoptosis and autophagy activation.
Typical atrial flutter mimicking a pacemaker‐mediated tachycardia
Authors: Yamada Takumi , Kay George Neal 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA 64‐year‐old man with a history of congestive heart failure secondary to nonischemic cardiomyopathy, mitral and aortic valve replacements, and biventricular cardioverter‐defibrillator placement, developed a tachycardia. The tachycardia exhibited a biventricular paced rhythm with a short R‐P interval and concentric atrial activation sequence within the coronary sinus, suggesting that the tachycardia might be a pacemaker‐mediated tachycardia (PMT). However, the tachycardia was diagnosed as counterclockwise cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)‐dependent atrial flutter (AFL), and linear ablation of the CTI eliminated the tachycardia. This case illustrated that typical AFL can mimic a PMT when there is a severe conduction delay through the CTI.
IL‐10(‐592A/C) gene variant a predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation in the north Indian population
Authors: Yadav Surabhi , Akhtar Salman , Agarwal Surendra K. , Majumdar Gauranga , Vimal Suman , Sharma Mala 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is an accumulating body of evidence indicating a strong association between inflammation and the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) in different ethnicities across the globe. AF increases the risk of stroke and heart failure. Despite various researches on IL‐10 response, there is limited clinical evidence present, which demonstrate a role of these immunity regulators in AF. Therefore, this study was designed to decipher the role of IL‐10(‐592A/C) polymorphism in the development of postoperative AF (post‐OP AF).MethodThe study was designed for north Indian patients. The study included 90 patients with AF and 126 controls in sinus rhythm undergoing surgery at Department of Cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India. DNA samples were genotyped for common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in gene IL‐10(‐592A/C). The PCR‐based RFLP technique was used to assess the genotype frequencies. The multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to study the association of other risk factors with AF.ResultsThe distribution of IL‐10(‐592A/C) genotypes (CC, AC, and AA) was found to be 48.41%, 47.61%, and 3.98% in controls and 41.11%, 45.55%, and 13.34% in cases, respectively (P = .0385). The frequency of allele A in cases was significantly higher than the control group (36.11% vs 27.77%, P = .0654). Compared with CC, AA genotype had increased risk of AF in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses.ConclusionsThis study suggests that IL‐10(‐592A/C) polymorphism may have significant association with post‐OP AF development in north Indian patients.
Validation of the Italian Remote Associate Test
Authors: Salvi Carola , Costantini Giulio , Pace Adriana , Palmiero Massimiliano 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe scientific approach to the study of creative problem‐solving has shifted from using classic insight problems (e.g., the Nine‐dots problem), toward sets of problems that have more robust psychometric properties, such as the Remote Associate Test (RAT). Because it is homogeneous, compact, quickly solvable, and easy to score, the RAT has been used more frequently in recent creativity studies. We applied the Item Response Theory (IRT) to develop an Italian version of this task. The final 51‐item test was reliable (α = .89) and provided information over a wide range of ability levels, as revealed by the IRT analysis. The RAT correlated with five measures of creative performance: The Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), three classic insight problems, a set of anagrams purposefully developed, the fluency and flexibility scores of the Alternative Uses Task (AUT), and the Creative Achievements Questionnaire (CAQ). The new measure provided is meant to encourage the study of creativity and problem‐solving in the Italian language.