bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning CO2 Hydrogenation to Light Olefin Selectivity via Cu/Zn/Zr Supported on Modified SAPO‐34
Authors: Lu Peng , Ali Kime Mala , Lin Yitong , Hu Qianwen , Yu Wenjia , Xing Chuang , Wang Yanhong , Wei Qinhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo alleviate CO2 emissions and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, a groundbreaking bifunctional catalyst system was introduced, which ingeniously merged CZZ with modified SAPO‐34 zeolite, to convert CO2 into light olefins. Different metals were impregnated into SAPO‐34 to form MeSAPO‐34 (Me = Zn, Zr, Mn) and the metal Zr content was altered. Furthermore, CZZ and MeSAPO‐34 was combined into CZZ/MeSAPO‐34 composite catalysts, which was used for CO2 hydrogenation. The MeSAPO‐34 and xZrSAPO‐34 catalysts were rigorously characterized by various techniques, revealing key physicochemical attributes. This innovative approach harnessed the synergistic effects between the metallic CZZ component and the modified zeolite to facilitate a series of reactions, effectively generating C2‐C4‐rich hydrocarbons. Benefiting from weak acid, higher oxygen vacancy concentration and interactions between components, the CZZ/ZrSAPO‐34 catalyst system has shown remarkable efficiency in enhancing the light olefin selectivity. The key aspects of this system are its ability to modulate surface acidity and oxygen vacancy concentration, thus creating favorable conditions for light olefin production via enhanced tandem reaction based on CO2 hydrogenation. This work enriches our insight into designing novel composite catalysts for promoting CO2 conversion and hence mitigating CO2 emissions.
A Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitor with High‐Performance and Long‐Lifetime: Fabrication of Nanoworm‐Like‐Structured Electrodes Based on Polypyrrole‐Thiosemicarbazone Complex
Authors: Avcu Altıparmak Elif , Yazar Sibel , Bal‐Demirci Tulay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA thiosemicarbazone‐based iron(III) complex is prepared and used in the preparation of a supercapacitor electrode material. This electrode is produced by a solvothermal reaction of polypyrrole and the complex on carbon felt. The characterization of the complex and material is carried out using UV‐vis, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, XRD, BET, and TGA methods, and the surface morphology is examined using SEM technique. Because the interaction of electrode and electrolyte is of great importance in energy storage systems, as the surface area and pore volume increase, electrode ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface leak to the inner surfaces and interact with the larger surface area, which increases the charge storage performance. The electrode material, nano‐worm structure, reached the highest specific capacitance value of 764.6 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. Compared to the capacitance value of polypyrrole in its pure form, it is observed to exhibit an 187.2% increase. The highest specific capacitance value of the asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) formed with a graphite electrode is 318.1 F g−1 at the current density of 1 Ag−1. Moreover, ASC reached a wide working potential of 1.8 V in an aqueous electrolyte and exhibited ultra‐long cycle life (112%), maintaining its stability after 10 000 cycles.
Model Driven Development for AI-Based Healthcare Systems: A Review
Authors: Brandon Colm , Singh Amandeep , Margaria Tiziana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe review our experience with integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into healthcare systems following the Model-Driven Development (MDD) approach. At a time when AI has the potential to instigate a paradigm shift in the health sector, better integrating healthcare experts in the development of these technologies is of paramount importance. We see MDD as a useful way to better embed non-technical stakeholders in the development process. The main goal of this review is to reflect on our experiences to date with MDD and AI in the context of developing healthcare systems. Four case studies that fall within that scope but have different profiles are introduced and summarised: the MyMM application for Multiple Myeloma diagnosis; CNN-HAR, that studies the ability to do AI on the edge for IoT-supported human activity recognition; the HIPPP web based portal for patient information in public health; and Cinco de Bio, a new model driven platform used for the first time to support a better cell-level understanding of diseases. Based on the aforementioned case studies we discuss the characteristics, the challenges faced and the postive outcomes achieved.
AI-Related Risk and Uncertainty
Authors: Zanotti Giacomo , Chiffi Daniele , Schiaffonati Viola 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiscussions on the risks involved in the deployment of AI systems are increasingly prominent in both public discourse and scientific debates. While talk of risk plays a crucial role in framing ethical and societal problems related to AI, we argue that it could profitably be associated with a clear analysis of uncertainty. Starting from a multi-component approach to AI-related risk assessment and mitigation, this chapter discusses the way the deployment of AI systems often takes place in contexts in which uncertainty is not meaningfully quantifiable.
Mapping Madness: HGIS and the Analysis of Irish Patient Records
Authors: Walsh Oonagh , Clancy Stuart 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Connaught District Lunatic Asylum (CDLA) opened at Ballinasloe, Co. Galway in 1833 as one of the first of a nationwide network of Irish District Asylums. Intended to serve the curable pauper lunatics of the counties of Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim, Galway, and Roscommon, the institution found itself at the heart of significant social, economic, and political change in the West of Ireland. From its opening, the asylum maintained a full and complex series of records that provide an exceptional level of detail on a cohort – the very poor and illiterate population of Connaught – who otherwise often lived and died unrecorded on the margins of Irish society. The CDLA admission records include information on age, sex, occupation, education, religion, marital status, places of origin and residence, migration, and family structures as well as the medical information, both mental and physical, required for treatment in the asylum.This paper will examine the potential benefits of implementing spatial epidemiological methods into historical studies of mental illness. Using a database of patient records this paper will conduct a demographic analysis of a sample of the population of the CDLA. The paper will outline the process of transforming the data extracted from these records into visual maps using Historical GIS (HGIS). Using the geographic co-ordinates of these two locations, the unique patterns of movement of those that entered the asylum can be mapped using GIS. These maps enable the examination of the socio-spatial processes which affected the marginalised population of the asylum. (The sources used in this paper come from the Connaught District Lunatic Asylum records, held at the National Archives of Ireland in Dublin. As the material is drawn from committal warrants of patients admitted in 1889, it falls outside of the ‘100 year rule’ for accessing sensitive historic patient information in Ireland.)
Beyond MELD Score: Association of Machine Learning-derived CT Body Composition with 90-Day Mortality Post Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement
Authors: Elhakim Tarig , Mansur Arian , Kondo Jordan , Omar Omar Moustafa Fathy , Ahmed Khalid , Tabari Azadeh , Brea Allison , Ndakwah Gabriel , Iqbal Shams , Allegretti Andrew S. , Fintelmann Florian J. , Wehrenberg-Klee Eric , Bridge Christopher , Daye Dania 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To determine the association of machine learning-derived CT body composition and 90-day mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and to assess its predictive performance as a complement to Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score for mortality risk prediction.

Materials and Methods
This retrospective multi-center cohort study included patients who underwent TIPS from 1995 to 2018 and had a contrast-enhanced CT abdomen within 9 months prior to TIPS and at least 90 days of post-procedural clinical follow-up. A machine learning algorithm extracted CT body composition metrics at L3 vertebral level including skeletal muscle area (SMA), skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle density (SMD), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), subcutaneous fat index (SFI), visceral fat area (VFA), visceral fat index (VFI), and visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR). Independent t-tests, logistic regression models, and ROC curve analysis were utilized to assess the association of those metrics in predicting 90-day mortality.

Results
A total of 122 patients (58 ± 11.8, 68% male) were included. Patients who died within 90 days of TIPS had significantly higher MELD (18.9 vs. 11.9, p < 0.001) and lower SMA (123 vs. 144.5, p = 0.002), SMI (43.7 vs. 50.5, p = 0.03), SFA (122.4 vs. 190.8, p = 0.009), SFI (44.2 vs. 66.7, p = 0.04), VFA (105.5 vs. 171.2, p = 0.003), and VFI (35.7 vs. 57.5, p = 0.02) compared to those who survived past 90 days. There were no significant associations between 90-day mortality and BMI (26 vs. 27.1, p = 0.63), SMD (30.1 vs. 31.7, p = 0.44), or VSR (0.97 vs. 1.03, p = 0.66). Multivariable logistic regression showed that SMA (OR = 0.97, p < 0.01), SMI (OR = 0.94, p = 0.03), SFA (OR = 0.99, p = 0.01), and VFA (OR = 0.99, p = 0.02) remained significant predictors of 90-day mortality when adjusted for MELD score. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that including SMA, SFA, and VFA improves the predictive power of MELD score in predicting 90-day mortality after TIPS (AUC, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.91; p = 0.02).

Conclusion
CT body composition is positively predictive of 90-day mortality after TIPS and improves the predictive performance of MELD score.
Level of Evidence: Level 3, Retrospective multi-center cohort study.

Graphical Abstract
Coherent Set Identification Via Direct Low Rank Maximum Likelihood Estimation
Authors: Polzin Robert M. , Klebanov Ilja , Nüsken Nikolas , Koltai Péter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We analyze connections between two low rank modeling approaches from the last decade for treating dynamical data. The first one is the coherence problem (or coherent set approach), where groups of states are sought that evolve under the action of a stochastic transition matrix in a way maximally distinguishable from other groups. The second one is a low rank factorization approach for stochastic matrices, called direct Bayesian model reduction (DBMR), which estimates the low rank factors directly from observed data. We show that DBMR results in a low rank model that is a projection of the full model, and exploit this insight to infer bounds on a quantitative measure of coherence within the reduced model. Both approaches can be formulated as optimization problems, and we also prove a bound between their respective objectives. On a broader scope, this work relates the two classical loss functions of nonnegative matrix factorization, namely the Frobenius norm and the generalized Kullback–Leibler divergence, and suggests new links between likelihood-based and projection-based estimation of probabilistic models.
Primary hyperoxaluria type 3: from infancy to adulthood in a genetically unique cohort
Authors: Julius Michal , Lavsky Hadas Shasha , Kalfon Limor , Kfir Nehama Cohen , Herskovits Miriam , Wiesmann Irith , Zaccai Tzipora C. Falik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary hyperoxaluria type 3 (PH3) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by bi-allelic genetic variants in the 4 hydroxy-2 oxoglutarate aldolase (HOGA-1) gene. We report the natural history of PH3 in a 16-patient cohort, 15 from a unique genetically isolated population.

Methods
This retrospective single-center study followed PH3 patients between 2003 and 2023 with demographic, clinical, radiographic, genetic, and biochemical parameters. Genetic population screening was performed in four villages to determine carrier frequency and identify couples at risk in a genetically isolated population.

Results
Sixteen patients with biallelic (or homozygous) pathogenic variants (PV) in HOGA-1 (c.944_946 del, c.119C > A, c.208C > T) were included in the study, 15 Druze and one Jewish, aged 0–63 years at diagnosis (4 adults and 12 pediatric patients). All symptomatic patients had clinical or imaging signs of nephrolithiasis. One developed chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5; biopsy showed focal mesangial sclerosis and chronic tubulo-interstitial changes with few oxalate deposits. Two other patients had CKD stage 2 (eGFR 87 and 74 mL/min/1.73 m2) upon their last visit. The remaining cohort showed preserved kidney function until the latest follow-up. Of 1167 healthy individuals screened, 90 carriers were found, a rate of 1:13 in the genetically unique cohort screened.

Conclusions
A high prevalence of PH3 patients was found among a unique cohort, but probably still underdiagnosed due to relatively mild disease course. The carrier rate is high. There is no specific therapy for PH3, but early diagnosis can prevent redundant diagnostic efforts and provide early treatment for kidney stone disease. Even in our homogeneous cohort, kidney stone disease severity and CKD degree were variable, supporting a suspected contribution of yet unknown genetic or environmental factors.

Graphical abstract
Enhanced interlocking in granular jamming grippers through hard and soft particle mixtures
Authors: Santarossa Angel , Pöschel Thorsten 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate the influence of particle stiffness on the grasping performance of granular grippers, a class of soft robotic effectors that utilize granular jamming for object manipulation. Through experimental analyses and X-ray imaging, we show that grippers with soft particles exhibit improved wrapping of the object after jamming, in contrast to grippers with rigid particles. This results in significantly increased holding force through the interlocking. The addition of a small proportion of rigid particles into a predominantly soft particle mixture maintains the improved wrapping but also significantly increases the maximum holding force. These results suggest a tunable approach to optimizing the design of granular grippers for improved performance in soft robotics applications.
Graphic abstract
Structured and prompt treatment of early arthritis in clinical practice leverages window of opportunity and leads to excellent clinical outcomes: an innovative retrospective cohort study
Authors: Teixeira R. L. , da Silva Vieira R. , Saavedra M. J. , Polido-Pereira J. , Moura R. A. , Alcobia I. , Fonseca J. E. , Romão V. C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
With this work, we evaluated the impact of the Lisbon Early ARthritis cliNic (LEARN) on untreated inflammatory arthritis clinical and patient-reported outcomes.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study enrolled patients in LEARN since its inception. Patients were followed for 12 months and treated to achieve disease remission. Clinical, structural, and quality of life outcomes were assessed. The early arthritis module of the Portuguese Rheumatic Diseases Registry (Reuma.pt) is described.

Results
We assessed 292 patients between 2015 and 2022. Mean symptom duration and DAS-28-4 V-ESR at baseline were 6.2 ± 3.5 months and 5.6 ± 1.3, respectively. Rheumatoid arthritis (56.4%; 40.1% seropositive) and psoriatic arthritis (12.4%) were the most common diagnoses. Most patients were treated with methotrexate (75.3%) combined with low-dose oral prednisolone (88.1%). At 12 months, a mean ΔDAS28-4 V-ESR improvement of 2.3 ± 0.4 was registered, with 29.5% and 48.9% of patients achieving remission (DAS28-4 V-ESR < 2.6) or low disease activity (DAS28-4 V-ESR < 3.2), respectively. Among RA patients only, these figures were 20.6% and 46.6%, respectively. A clinically meaningful functional improvement was observed in 72.1% of the patients. Structural progression was limited, affecting only 16.1% of the patients. Fatigue, anxiety, depression, and quality of life also improved substantially, translated by improvements in FACIT, HADS, EQ5D, and SF-36 scores.

Conclusions
A structured, dedicated approach to patients with early arthritis resulted in good clinical, structural, and functional outcomes. Furthermore, our findings suggest the window of opportunity for early intervention may have implications for mental health and global well-being.

Key Points• Patient assessment is facilitated by reliable electronic clinical records, such as the early arthritis module of the Rheumatic Diseases Portuguese Register (Reuma.pt) which we describe here for the first time.• Inflammatory arthritis was confirmed in the majority of patients observed, but the time to first appointment was above the recommended.• Prompt start of conventional therapy allowed significant disease activity improvement and remission to be achieved in about one-third of the patients.• Key patient-reported outcomes elucidate disease impact and confirm the benefit of early treatment initiation, suggesting a window of opportunity also for mental health and global well-being.
Impact of an In-Hospital postoperative imaging after uncomplicated elective posterior lumbar fixation: A case series
Authors: AbdelFatah Mohamed AR , Gayar Abdelrahman El , Ghobashy Mostafa K. , Hefny Sameh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose: Following spinal fixation, postoperative imaging is routinely performed. The value of routine postoperative imaging and its impact on the surgical decision remains uncertain, especially in degenerative cases. Moreover, routine postoperative imaging is not free and is an ionizing radiation. This study investigated the value of postoperative imaging after uneventful uncomplicated elective posterior lumbar fixation. Methods: This case series retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent elective posterior lumbar fixation surgeries at our institution within two years. A series of 98 cases met our selection criteria. Their mean age was 51.2 years. We reviewed the decisions taken after performing the routine postoperative images. We searched for further diagnostic or imaging studies, revision surgery, or an extended hospital stay. Results: We found no particular decision was made after performing the postoperative imaging after uneventful uncomplicated elective posterior lumbar fixation surgeries. Moreover, there was no change in the hospital stay or the regular postoperative clinical management for all the included patients. No revision surgery was required based on the postoperative routine images. Conclusions: We found that routine postoperative imaging after posterior fixation of a degenerative lumbar spine is of limited value. A randomized, controlled study is helpful to confirm this finding.
Distinct management units for the Critically Endangered angelshark (Squatina squatina) revealed in the Canary Islands
Authors: Meyers Eva K.M. , Faure Nadia , Jiménez-Alvarado David , Barker Joanna , Toledo-Padilla Hector , Tuya Fernando , Pike Charlotte , Mead Lucy R. , Sealey Michael J. , Caro Maria Belén , Jacoby David M.P. , Ravina Olivares Felipe , Bañeras Tomas , Guerra-Marrero Airam , Espino-Ruano Ana , Castro Jose Juan , Bousquet Caroline , Giovos Ioannis , Rödder Dennis , Manel Stéphanie , Deter Julie , Feldheim Kevin A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The angelshark, Squatina squatina, is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, and remaining populations are highly fragmented throughout its historical distribution. The Canary Islands archipelago in the North East Atlantic has been identified as a uniquely large stronghold for the species. In the present study, we compared the population genetic structure of S. squatina across different islands of the Canary Island archipelago using both microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Both markers revealed significant differentiation of angelsharks between islands in the archipelago, with three main genetic units at: (1) Tenerife, (2) Gran Canaria and (3) the island group consisting of La Graciosa, Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. Our results imply a connectivity barrier between some adjacent islands, most likely driven by abyssal depths, and varying geological history and formation of each island and oceanographic patterns (i.e. seasonal coastal upwellings off the African coast). Therefore, we suggest that in the Canary Islands, S. squatina populations should be managed locally, with conservation and research priorities designed and implemented specifically for each of the three genetic units.
Using Cell-phone Mobility Data to Study Voter Turnout
Authors: Harada Masataka , Ito Gaku , Smith Daniel M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStudies of voting behavior in some settings may be hampered by poor data availability or unsuitably large units of aggregation for reported turnout. We propose and demonstrate a practical big-data solution to these kinds of challenges, using fine-grained cell-phone mobility data on millions of GPS locations for more than 300,000 eligible voters in Tokyo. Our approach uses the geolocations of polling stations, combined with GPS data points recorded on election day and a reference day, to measure patterns in individual-level (but anonymized) voting behavior. We first test the validity of the measure by comparing it to official aggregated data on turnout, and then illustrate its substantive utility with an application exploring the well-known relationship between turnout decisions and the cost of voting, proxied by the distance between a voter’s residence and the polling station. Finally, we discuss the potential limitations of the approach and provide step-by-step instructions for other researchers.
Creativity as Key Trigger to Cognitive Achievement: Effects of Digital and Analog Learning Interventions
Authors: Fleissner-Martin Juliane , Paul Jürgen , Bogner Franz X. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study analyses the coherent integration of creativity into science education modules for eighth-grade students to enhance competence development. The learning modules’ content covered a basic ecological unit about forests, applied as digital or analog lesson. By utilizing the creativity subscales ‘Act’ and ‘Flow’ its analysis resulted in a clear factorial structure. Notably, higher levels of creativity were associated with increased cognitive learning achievements among students, irrespective of the instructional delivery method—be it analog or digital. Particularly, the ‘Act’ and ‘Flow’ dimensions exhibited a promising potential for augmenting learning outcomes in learner-centric, gamified modules. The mentoring role of teachers is supposed to promote a flow state and simultaneously to highlight the significance of autonomy in learning processes. Unexpectedly, there were no discernible gender differences. This research significantly contributes to our understanding of the interplay among creativity, learning success, and instructional modalities within the realm of science education.