bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal decreases in multiple cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuronal injury in symptomatic late onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sutphen Courtney L. , McCue Lena , Herries Elizabeth M. , Xiong Chengjie , Ladenson Jack H. , Holtzman David M. , Fagan Anne M. ,   On behalf of ADNI
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals in early stages of Alzheimer's disease are a targeted population for secondary prevention trials aimed at preserving normal cognition. Understanding within‐person biomarker(s) change over time is critical for trial enrollment and design.MethodsLongitudinal cerebrospinal fluid samples from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were assayed for novel markers of neuronal/synaptic injury (visinin‐like protein 1, Ng, and SNAP‐25) and neuroinflammation (YKL‐40) and compared with β amyloid 42, tau, and phospho‐tau181. General linear mixed models were used to compare within‐person rates of change in three clinical groups (cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease) further defined by β amyloid status.ResultsLevels of injury markers were highly positively correlated. Despite elevated baseline levels as a function of clinical status and amyloid‐positivity, within‐person decreases in these measures were observed in the early symptomatic, amyloid‐positive Alzheimer's disease group.DiscussionKnowledge of within‐person biomarker change will impact interpretation of biomarker outcomes in clinical trials that are dependent on disease stage.
Risk of Incident Psychiatric Disorders in Sexual Assault Victims: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Tung Tao-Hsin , Shen Sheng-Ang , Chen Chih-Hao , Huang Chien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSexual offenses cause harm to the victims’ physical and psychological functions. This study was conducted to evaluate the risk of incident psychiatric disorders in sexual assault victims. Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database was used to conduct a nationwide population-based cohort study to assess the risk of incident psychiatric disorders in sexual assault victims and to further evaluate the respective risk estimates on the basis of diagnostic patterns. A total of 81 sexual assault victims and 324 controls matched by sex, age and residential area were included. The mean age of the sexual assault victims was 18.39 (sd10.23) years, and 93.83% (76/81) of the sample were females. Sexual assault victims had a higher incidence density of psychiatric disorders than did the control group (9.2% per year, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–33.2% per yearv.1.1% per year, 95% CI .4–15.7% per year;p=.037). Sexual assault was an independent risk factor for incident psychiatric disorders, with an incidence rate ratio of 3.40 (95% CI 1.04–26.41) after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Assessment of psychiatric disorders should be implemented in the integrative care of sexual assault victims. Physicians providing clinical care to the sexual assault victims should receive more all-round training to understand and manage this type of violence.
Trypanosoma amblyommi sp. nov. (Protozoa: Kinetoplastida) isolated from Amblyomma brasiliense (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Marotta Carolina R. , Dos Santos Priscilla N. , Cordeiro Matheus D. , Barros Juliana Helena Da S. , Bell-Sakyi Lesley , Fonseca Adivaldo H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractParasites of the genusTrypanosomaare microorganisms that display wide morphological, biological and genetic variability. Here we present the first description of an isolate of the genusTrypanosomanaturally infecting the tickAmblyomma brasiliense. The ticks were collected from a specimen ofTayassu pecari(Queixada, white-lipped peccary) from the Itatiaia National Park, Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The isolate was characterized by molecular, morphometric and biological analyses. ATrypanosomaculture was isolated from crushed nymphal and adult ticks, propagated in the tick cell line IDE8 and maintained in L15B culture medium, incubated at 32 °C. The isolate grew well in L15B medium at 30, 32 and 34 °C but not at lower or higher temperatures. The culture remained stable in axenic L15B medium at 30 °C. Cryopreserved cultures retained viability after cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen. Growth in axenic medium and developmental forms of the trypanosomes were analysed. Analysis of the 18S rDNA region confirmed the authenticity of this new species and the nucleotide sequence was deposited in Genbank. The species was namedTrypanosoma amblyommisp. nov. strain C1RJ. Characteristics related to pathogenicity, involvement with vertebrate hosts, epidemiology, developmental cycle and transmission mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, further studies are necessary to understand the aspects of the biological cycle ofT. amblyommisp. nov.
Leucine promotes differentiation of porcine myoblasts through the protein kinase B (Akt)/Forkhead box O1 signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Shurun , Chen Xiaoling , Huang Zhiqing , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Chen Hong , Luo Junqiu , He Jun , Zheng Ping , Yu Jie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLeucine, one of the branched-chain amino acids, is the only amino acid to regulate protein turnover in skeletal muscle. Leucine not only increases muscle protein synthesis, but also decreases muscle protein degradation. It is well documented that leucine plays a positive role in differentiation of murine muscle cells. However, the role of leucine on porcine myoblast differentiation and its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, porcine myoblasts were induced to differentiate with differentiation medium containing different concentrations of leucine, and wortmannin was used to interdict the activity of protein kinase B (Akt). We found that leucine increased the number of myosin heavy chain-positive cells and creatine kinase activity. Moreover, leucine increased the mRNA and protein levels of myogenin and myogenic determining factor (MyoD). In addition, leucine increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt/Akt and phosphorylated Forkhead box O1 (P-FoxO1)/FoxO1, as well as decreased the protein level of FoxO1. However, wortmannin, a specific repressor of PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, attenuated the positive role of leucine on porcine myoblast differentiation. Our results suggest that leucine promotes porcine myoblast differentiation through the Akt/FoxO1 signalling pathway.
A comparison between two healthy diet scores, the modified Mediterranean diet score and the Healthy Nordic Food Index, in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality
Authors: Warensjö Lemming Eva , Byberg Liisa , Wolk Alicja , Michaëlsson Karl 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHigh adherence to healthy diets has the potential to prevent disease and prolong life span, and healthy dietary pattern scores have each been associated with disease and mortality. We studied two commonly promoted healthy diet scores (modified Mediterranean diet score (mMED) and the Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI)) and the combined effect of the two scores in association with all-cause and cause-specific mortality (cancer, CVD and ischaemic heart disease). The study included 38 428 women (median age of 61 years) from the Swedish Mammography Cohort. Diet and covariate data were collected in a questionnaire. mMED and HNFI were generated and categorised into low-, medium- and high-adherence groups, and in nine combinations of these. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of register-ascertained mortality and 95 % CI were calculated in Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. During follow-up (median: 17 years), 10 478 women died. In the high-adherence categories compared with low-adherence categories, the HR for all-cause mortality was 0·76 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·81) for mMED and 0·89 (95 % CI 0·83, 0·96) for HNFI. Higher adherence to mMED was associated with lower mortality in each stratum of HNFI in the combined analysis. In general, mMED, compared with HNFI, was more strongly associated with a lower cause-specific mortality. In Swedish women, both mMED and HNFI were inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The combined analysis, however, indicated an advantage to be adherent to the mMED. The present version of HNFI did not associate with mortality independent of mMED score.
Imported case of measles in a university setting leading to an outbreak of measles in Edinburgh, Scotland from September to December 2016
Authors: Kirolos A. , Waugh C. , Templeton K. , McCormick D. , Othieno R. , Willocks L. J. , Stevenson J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn September 2016, an imported case of measles in Edinburgh in a university student resulted in a further 17 confirmed cases during October and November 2016. All cases were genotype D8 and were associated with a virus strain most commonly seen in South East Asia. Twelve of the 18 cases were staff or students at a university in Edinburgh and 17 cases had incomplete or unknown measles mumps rubella (MMR) vaccination status. The public health response included mass follow-up of all identified contacts, widespread communications throughout universities in Edinburgh and prompt vaccination clinics at affected campuses. Imported cases of measles pose a significant risk to university student cohorts who may be undervaccinated, include a large number of international students and have a highly mobile population. Public health departments should work closely with universities to promote MMR uptake and put in place mass vaccination plans to prevent rapidly spreading measles outbreaks in higher educational settings in future.
An explicit single-layer frequency selective surface design with wide stop band frequency response
Authors: Bashiri M. , Ghobadi Ch. , Nourinia J. , Majidzadeh M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis manuscript deals with the development of a novel configuration of a wide-band single-layer frequency selective surface (FSS) for wide-band rejection applications. The established unit cell is composed of a simple circular ring on the top side of the substrate and a combined conductive element on the backside. Such an inclusion of conductive elements and accurate tuning of their dimensions ends in the rejection of a wide frequency band extended from 6.3 to 16.3 GHz. Moreover, the proposed structure exhibits a stable response against different angles of incidence for both TE and TM polarizations. Detailed simulation and measurement studies are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed FSS. The obtained results are discussed in depth.
All-optical dynamic focusing of light via coherent absorption in a plasmonic metasurface
Authors: Papaioannou Maria , Plum Eric , Rogers Edward TF , Zheludev Nikolay I 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVision, microscopy, imaging, optical data projection and storage all depend on focusing of light. Dynamic focusing is conventionally achieved with mechanically reconfigurable lenses, spatial light modulators or microfluidics. Here we demonstrate that dynamic control of focusing can be achieved through coherent interaction of optical waves on a thin beam splitter. We use a nanostructured plasmonic metasurface of subwavelength thickness as the beam splitter, allowing operation in the regimes of coherent absorption and coherent transparency. Focusing of light resulting from illumination of the plasmonic metasurface with a Fresnel zone pattern is controlled by another patterned beam projected on the same metasurface. By altering the control pattern, its phase, or its intensity, we switch the lens function on and off, and alter the focal spot’s depth, diameter and intensity. Switching occurs as fast as the control beam is modulated and therefore tens of gigahertz modulation bandwidth is possible with electro-optical modulators, which is orders of magnitude faster than conventional dynamic focusing technologies.
MLL5 suppresses antiviral innate immune response by facilitating STUB1-mediated RIG-I degradation
Authors: Zhou Peipei , Ding Xiaodan , Wan Xiaoling , Liu Lulu , Yuan Xiujie , Zhang Wei , Hui Xinhui , Meng Guangxun , Xiao Hui , Li Bin , Zhong Jin , Hou Fajian , Deng Lihwen , Zhang Yan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTrithorax group protein MLL5 is an important epigenetic modifier that controls cell cycle progression, chromatin architecture maintenance, and hematopoiesis. However, whether MLL5 has a role in innate antiviral immunity is largely unknown. Here we show that MLL5 suppresses the RIG-I-mediated anti-viral immune response. Mll5-deficient mice infected with vesicular stomatitis virus show enhanced anti-viral innate immunity, reduced morbidity, and viral load. Mechanistically, a fraction of MLL5 located in the cytoplasm interacts with both RIG-I and its E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1, which promotes K48-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of RIG-I. MLL5 deficiency attenuates the RIG-I and STUB1 association, reducing K48-linked polyubiquitination and accumulation of RIG-I protein in cells. Upon virus infection, nuclear MLL5 protein translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm inducing STUB1-mediated degradation of RIG-I. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role for MLL5 in antiviral innate immune responses and suggests a new target for controlling viral infection.
The Relationship Between Speech, Language, and Phonological Awareness in Preschool-Age Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Barton-Hulsey Andrea , Sevcik Rose A. , Romski MaryAnn 
Published: March 2018

PurposeA number of intrinsic factors, including expressive speech skills, have been suggested to place children with developmental disabilities at risk for limited development of reading skills. This study examines the relationship between these factors, speech ability, and children's phonological awareness skills.MethodA nonexperimental study design was used to examine the relationship between intrinsic skills of speech, language, print, and letter–sound knowledge to phonological awareness in 42 children with developmental disabilities between the ages of 48 and 69 months. Hierarchical multiple regression was done to determine if speech ability accounted for a unique amount of variance in phonological awareness skill beyond what would be expected by developmental skills inclusive of receptive language and print and letter–sound knowledge.ResultsA range of skill in all areas of direct assessment was found. Children with limited speech were found to have emerging skills in print knowledge, letter–sound knowledge, and phonological awareness. Speech ability did not predict a significant amount of variance in phonological awareness beyond what would be expected by developmental skills of receptive language and print and letter–sound knowledge.ConclusionChildren with limited speech ability were found to have receptive language and letter–sound knowledge that supported the development of phonological awareness skills. This study provides implications for practitioners and researchers concerning the factors related to early reading development in children with limited speech ability and developmental disabilities.
Versorgungsplanung in der Rheumatologie: Eckpunkte aus dem 2016 aktualisierten Memorandum der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie zur Versorgungsqualität
Authors: Zink Angela , Schneider Matthias 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungEs wird eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten Ergebnisse und Forderungen des 2016 aktualisierten Memorandums der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh) zur Versorgungsqualität in der Rheumatologie gegeben. Eine interdisziplinär zusammengesetzte Kommission hat angesichts der veränderten Therapiestrategien und -ziele sowie aktueller Versorgungsstrukturen und politischer Rahmenbedingungen eine Neubearbeitung vorgenommen. Wesentliches Ziel war die Ermittlung des Bedarfs an internistischen Rheumatologen in der ambulanten, akutstationären und rehabilitativen Versorgung. Das Memorandum geht davon aus, dass der internistische Rheumatologe der primär zuständige Facharzt ist für die Versorgung von Personen mit entzündlich-rheumatischen Systemerkrankungen ist. Je 100000 erwachsene Einwohner werden mindestens 2, unter Einrechnung von Teilzeitbeschäftigung und nicht versorgungsbezogenen Aufgaben eher drei, internistische Rheumatologen in der ambulanten Versorgung gebraucht, dies sind 1350 bis 2000 Rheumatologen. Ende 2015 standen 776 Rheumatologen für die ambulante Versorgung zur Verfügung. Die DGRh fordert daher eine eigene ambulante Bedarfsplanung für internistische Rheumatologen, um das Versorgungsdefizit abzubauen. Nach Ansicht der DGRh sollte die akutstationäre Versorgung in spezialisierten Akutkliniken und -abteilungen erfolgen, die eine hohe Behandlungsqualität sicherstellen. Dies erfordert bis zu 50 Betten je 1 Mio. Einwohner, wobei Fehlbelegungen in nicht rheumatologisch spezialisierten Kliniken abgebaut werden sollten. Je 30 Betten werden mindestens 2 hauptamtlich stationär tätige Rheumatologen und drei weitere ärztliche Mitarbeiter (einschließlich Weiterbildungsassistenten) benötigt. Im Bereich der Rehabilitation sind je 1 Mio. Einwohner 40 Betten oder ambulante Plätze mit jeweils 1 hauptamtlich tätigen Rheumatologen und 1 weiteren ärztlichen Mitarbeiter erforderlich. Das Memorandum führt aus, dass im Sinne partizipativer Entscheidungsfindung in allen Versorgungssegmenten die internistischen Rheumatologen mit den Betroffenen die Behandlungsziele gemeinsam festlegen. Eine Versorgung in einem interdisziplinären Netzwerk unter Einbindung anderer ärztlicher Fachrichtungen, nichtärztlicher Heilberufe sowie Patientenorganisationen wird angestrebt.
Rare Recurrence of Traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistula after Parent Artery Occlusion—Report of Two Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Kumar Savith , Malik Virender , Rajan Jayadevan , Kannath Santhosh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe authors present two cases of recurrence of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) following complete exclusion by parent artery occlusion (PAO). In both cases, the fistula recurred through the development of indirect CCF and reconstitution of the occluded artery through the development of vasa vasorum or simple recanalization of the parent artery. The cavernous venous sac was patent in both cases. The patent cavernous sac along with the inflammatory or angiogenetic factors might have induced dural neovascularization leading to the development of indirect CCF. These factors along with ischemia of the arterial wall secondary to the steal phenomenon due to persistent shunt flow would have triggered the development of vasa vasorum. Thus the cavernous sac embolization may have to be considered in addition to PAO when PAO is planned as a therapeutic option for direct CCF.
Model of a Ternary Complex between Activated Factor VII, Tissue Factor and Factor IX
Authors: Chen Shu-wen , Schved Jean-François , Pellequer Jean-Luc , Giansily-Blaizot Muriel 
Published: March 2018

SummaryUpon binding to tissue factor, FVIIa triggers coagulation by activating vitamin K-dependent zymogens, factor IX (FIX) and factor X (FX). To understand recognition mechanisms in the initiation step of the coagulation cascade, we present a three-dimensional model of the ternary complex between FVIIa:TF:FIX. This model was built using a full-space search algorithm in combination with computational graphics. With the known crystallographic complex FVIIa:TF kept fixed, the FIX docking was performed first with FIX Gla-EGF1 domains, followed by the FIX protease/EGF2 domains. Because the FIXa crystal structure lacks electron density for the Gla domain, we constructed a chimeric FIX molecule that contains the Gla-EGF1 domains of FVIIa and the EGF2-protease domains of FIXa. The FVIIa:TF:FIX complex has been extensively challenged against experimental data including site-directed mutagenesis, inhibitory peptide data, haemophilia B database mutations, inhibitor antibodies and a novel exosite binding inhibitor peptide. This FVIIa:TF:FIX complex provides a powerful tool to study the regulation of FVIIa production and presents new avenues for developing therapeutic inhibitory compounds of FVIIa:TF:substrate complex.
Two Different β3 Cysteine Substitutions Alter αIIbβ3 Maturation and Result in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
Authors: Milet-Marsal S. , Breillat C. , Peyruchaud O. , Nurden P. , Combrié R. , Bourre F. , Nurden A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryWe report the defects responsible for Glanzmann thrombasthenia in two patients showing traces of abnormally migrating platelet β3 in immunoblotting. Using PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing, we identified a novel homozygous mutation in exon 10 of the β3 gene of patient 1 which gave a C457 to Y amino acid substitution. A C542 to R substitution in β3 of patient 2 was previously reported by us. These cysteines are present in EGF-domains 1 and 3 respectively of β3. We therefore constructed mutants carrying substitutions on cysteine residues in each of the first three EGF domains of β3, C457, C495 and C542 respectively. Transient expression of these mutants in COS-7 cells, including the C542 and C547 double mutant, proved that disulfide disruption directly affects cell surface expression of the integrin. We then showed by metabolic (35S) labeling and Endo-H glycosidase treatment that these substitutions strongly affected complex maturation within the cell.
Studies on Reference Intervals for Platelet Counts in Three Cities in China and one in Japan
Authors: Ruan Changgeng , Wu Yun , Okada Tokuhiro , Motoi Shigemi , Kondo Tamiaki , Jiang Meiyi , Xin Xiaomin , Peng Liming , Ichihara Kiyoshi , Ikeda Yasuo 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHematological parameters including platelet counts, etc. were determined in 1,140 healthy subjects living in four cities: Suzhou (Jiangsu Province), Chengdu (Sichuan Province) and Harbin (Heilongjang Province) in China, and Kobe in Japan. Then, the reference intervals for platelet counts were calculated and compared. The reference interval for platelet count of subjects aged between 18 and 60 years was 60-259 × 109/L in Suzhou and 52–202 × 109/L in Chengdu, and subjects with platelet counts of 100 × 109/L or less accounted for about 30% of the subjects examined in these cities. The reference intervals in Harbin and Kobe were within the range of 150–350 × 109/L, and no subject having a platelets count of 100 × 109/L or less was detected. Mean platelet volume (MPV) determined concurrently was negatively correlated with platelet count, and the reference intervals for MPV in Chengdu and Suzhou were higher than those in Harbin and Kobe.