bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liposomal Amphotericin B–Associated Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Autry Marcus Tad , Harrison Kiya , White Bryan , Miller Jamie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) was developed with the intent to minimize the adverse effects associated with amphotericin B deoxycholate, especially nephrotoxicity. Although there has been a substantial decrease in adverse effects with L-AmB compared with its predecessor, there is a small body of evidence suggesting its association with cardiovascular adverse events. We report a case of L-AmB-associated cardiac arrest in a patient with preexisting cardiac-related disease states. In addition, we review currently available literature regarding cardiac-related adverse events associated with L-AmB. When the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale was applied to this case, the probability of association was determined as possible. This case adds to a small but important body of literature regarding L-AmB–associated cardiotoxicity. Moreover, a review of the available literature indicates that providers should be aware of the potential for cardiac adverse events with L-AmB.
Updates on adolescent dating and sexual violence prevention and intervention
Authors: Miller Elizabeth , Jones Kelley A. , McCauley Heather L. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose of review
Dating and sexual violence victimization are not uncommon in early adolescence and increase in prevalence throughout adolescence into young adulthood with profound health and social consequences. Greater attention to what works in prevention is needed to inform current policies and practices.

Recent findings
Adolescent dating violence (ADV) and sexual violence victimization, including cyber dating abuse, are highly prevalent among adolescents. Studies have found sex category differences, with adolescent girls reporting more victimization than boys, particularly sexual violence. Sexual and gender minority youth also experience a higher prevalence of violence victimization than their heterosexual counterparts. Studies on risk factors include examinations of childhood adversities, exposure to sexually explicit material and substance use as well as the role of gender inequitable attitudes on violence perpetration. Recent prevention research includes examining the impact of bystander interventions and transforming gender norms.

Summary
Recent ADV/ sexual violence research highlights both prevalence and modifiable risk and protective factors that may help reduce such violence. Practitioners caring for youth should consider ADV/ sexual violence when seeing patients (including those struggling with substance use and other behaviours that contribute to poor health) and not simply rely on screening tools to identify those suffering from ADV/ sexual violence.
Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Comparison of Bupivacaine versus Liposomal Bupivacaine for Pain Management after Unilateral Delayed Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Gatherwright James , Knackstedt Rebecca W. , Ghaznavi Amir M. , Bernard Steven , Schwarz Graham , Moreira Andrea , Gurunluoglu Raffi , Djohan Risal 
Published: May 2018

Summary:Effective postsurgical analgesia is a critical aspect of patient recovery. The goal of this prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded study was to examine the effect that liposomal bupivacaine delivered by means of a transversus abdominis plane block has on pain control in women undergoing unilateral deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction. Institutional review board approval was granted for this prospective study. Patients were eligible if they were undergoing unilateral, delayed deep inferior epigastric perforator flap reconstruction. Patients were randomized to one of three groups: liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block, or bupivacaine pain pump. Charts were reviewed for demographics, length of stay, and postoperative narcotic use. There were eight patients in the liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block groups and five patients in the pain pump group. A retrospective cohort of six patients who did not receive any intervention was included. Patients who received a liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block used statistically significantly less intravenous and total postoperative narcotics in milligrams and milligrams per kilogram per day compared with all other cohorts. They were able to get out of bed at an earlier time point. Overall hospital costs were similar among the groups. This is the first study to investigate liposomal bupivacaine delivered as a transversus abdominis plane block in a prospective, randomized, blinded study in women undergoing unilateral, delayed, abdominally based autologous breast reconstruction. The authors were able to demonstrate a significant reduction in intravenous and total narcotic use when a liposomal bupivacaine transversus abdominis plane block was used. Future studies are needed to prospectively investigate the effect that liposomal bupivacaine would have on immediate and bilateral reconstructions.
SLC22A5 Mutations in a Patient With Systemic Primary Carnitine Deficiency and Cleft Palate-Successful Perioperative Management
Authors: Hu Ching-Wei , Hu Ching-Hsuan , Wu-Chou Yah-Huei , Lo Lun-Jou 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Primary systemic carnitine deficiency (SCD) is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by SLC22A5 gene mutation resulting in defective cellular carnitine transporter organic cation transporter 2. Defective carnitine transporter causes renal carnitine wasting and low serum carnitine. Carnitine is an essential cofactor for the transportation of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria. Lacking of carnitine may cause metabolic decompensation and sudden death when the patient is exposed to prolonged fasting before an operation.

Methods:
An asymptomatic 9-month-old boy with SCD diagnosed by local hospital was referred to the authors’ hospital for incomplete cleft palate plastic surgery. Due to potential metabolic decompensation from prolonged fasting before the surgery, the patient underwent proper perioperative management.

Results:
The operation was successful and subsequent clinical course was fine. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 3.

Conclusion:
With proper perioperative management, patients with SCD and cleft palate can survive from prolonged fasting time before and during operation without metabolic decompensation manifestations. Early recognition of SCD and perioperative management can be lifesaving in preoperative infants with SCD.
Spatial gene-by-environment mapping for schizophrenia reveals locale of upbringing effects beyond urban-rural differences
Authors: Fan Chun Chieh , McGrath John J. , Appadurai Vivek , Buil Alfonso , Gandal Michael J. , Schork Andrew J. , Mortensen Preben Bo , Agerbo Esben , Geschwind Sandy A. , Geschwind Daniel , Werge Thomas , Thompson Wesley K. , Pedersen Carsten Bøcker 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIdentification of mechanisms underlying the incidence of psychiatric disorders has been hampered by the difficulty in discovering highly-predictive environmental risk factors. For example, prior efforts have failed to establish environmental effects predicting geospatial clustering of schizophrenia incidence beyond urban-rural differences. Here, we employ a novel statistical framework for decomposing the geospatial risk for schizophrenia based on locale of upbringing (place of residence, ages 0-7 years) and its synergistic effects with genetic liabilities (polygenic risk for schizophrenia). We use this statistical framework to analyze unprecedented geolocation and genotyping data in a case-cohort study of n=24,028 subjects, drawn from the 1.47 million Danish persons born between 1981 and 2005. Using this framework we estimate the effects of upbringing locale (E) and gene-by-locale interactions (GxE). After controlling for potential confounding variables, upbringing at high-risk locales increases the risk for schizophrenia on average by 122%, while GxE modulates genetic risk for schizophrenia on average by 78%. Within the boundaries of Copenhagen (the largest and most densely populated city of Denmark) specific locales vary substantially in their E and GxE effects, with hazard ratios ranging from 0.26 to 9.26 for E and from 0.20 to 5.95 for GxE. This study provides insight into the degree of geospatial clustering of schizophrenia risk, and our novel analytic procedure provides a framework for decomposing variation in geospatial risk into G, E, and GxE components.
Transcriptome and chromatin structure annotation of liver, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from four livestock species
Authors: Foissac Sylvain , Djebali Sarah , Munyard Kylie , Vialaneix Nathalie , Rau Andrea , Muret Kevin , Esquerré Diane , Zytnicki Matthias , Derrien Thomas , Bardou Philippe , Blanc Fany , Cabau Cèdric , Crisci Elisa , Dhorne-Pollet Sophie , Drouet Françoise , Faraut Thomas , Gonzalez Ignacio , Goubil Adeline , Lacroix-Lamandé Sonia , Laurent Fabrice , Marthey Sylvain , Marti-Marimon Maria , Momal-Leisenring Raphaelle , Mompart Florence , Quéré Pascale , Robelin David , Cristobal Magali San , Tosser-Klopp Gwenola , Vincent-Naulleau Silvia , Fabre Stéphane , der Laan Marie-Hélène Pinard-Van , Klopp Christophe , Tixier-Boichard Michelè , Acloque Hervé , Lagarrigue Sandrine , Giuffra Elisabetta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundFunctional annotation of livestock genomes is a critical step to decipher the genotype-to-phenotype relationship underlying complex traits. As part of the Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes (FAANG) action, the FR-AgENCODE project (http://www.fragencode.org) aimed to profile the landscape of transcription (RNA-seq), chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and conformation (Hi-C) in four livestock species representing ruminants (cattle, goat), monogastrics (pig) and birds (chicken), using three target samples related to metabolism (liver) and immunity (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells).ResultsRNA-seq assays considerably extended the available catalog of annotated transcripts and identified differentially expressed genes with unknown function, including new syntenic lncRNAs. ATAC-seq highlighted an enrichment for transcription factor binding sites in differentially accessible regions of the chromatin. Comparative analyses revealed a core set of conserved regulatory regions across species. Topologically Associating Domains (TADs) and epigenetic A/B compartments annotated from Hi-C data were consistent with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data. Multi-species comparisons showed that conserved TAD boundaries had stronger insulation properties than species-specific ones and that the genomic distribution of orthologous genes in A/B compartments was significantly conserved across species.ConclusionsWe report the first multi-species and multi-assay genome annotation results obtained by a FAANG project. Beyond the generation of reference annotations and the confirmation of previous findings on model animals, the integrative analysis of data from multiple assays and species sheds a new light on the multi-scale selective pressure shaping genome organization from birds to mammals. Overall, these results emphasize the value of FAANG for research on domesticated animals and reinforces the importance of future meta-analyses of the reference datasets being generated by this community on different species.
Estimating the sensorimotor components of cybersickness
Authors: Weech Séamas , Parokaran Varghese Jessy , Barnett-Cowan Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe user base of the virtual reality (VR) medium is growing, and many of these users will experience cybersickness. Accounting for the vast inter-individual variability in cybersickness forms a pivotal step in solving the issue. Most studies of cybersickness focus on a single factor (e.g., balance, sex, vection), while other contributors are overlooked. Here, we characterize the complex relationship between cybersickness and several indices of sensorimotor processing. In a single session, we conducted a battery of tests of balance control, vection responses, and vestibular sensitivity to self-motion. A principal components regression model, primarily composed of balance control measures during vection, significantly predicted 37% of the variability in cybersickness measures. We observed strong, inverse associations between measures of sway and cybersickness. The results reiterate that the relationship between balance control and cybersickness is anything but straightforward. We discuss other factors that may account for the remaining variance in cybersickness.
Phylogenetic, population genetic, and morphological analyses reveal evidence for one species of Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi)
Authors: Folt Brian , Bauder Javan , Spear Stephen , Stevenson Dirk , Hoffman Michelle , Oaks Jamie R. , Jenkins Christopher , Steen David A. , Guyer Craig 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAccurate species delimitation and description are necessary to guide effective conservation management of imperiled species. The Eastern Indigo Snake (Drymarchon couperi) is a large species in North America that is federally-protected as Threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Recently, two associated studies hypothesized thatDrymarchon couperiis two species. Here, we use diverse approaches to test the two-species hypothesis forD. couperi. Our analyses reveal that (1) phylogenetic reconstruction in previous studies was based entirely on variance of mitochondrial DNA sequence data, (2) microsatellite data demonstrate significant population admixture and nuclear gene flow between mitochondrial lineages, and (3) morphological analyses recover a single diagnosable species. Our results are inconsistent with the two-species hypothesis, thus we reject it and formally placeDrymarchon kolpobasileusinto synonymy withD. couperi. We suggest inconsistent patterns between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA may be driven by high dispersal of males relative to females. We caution against species delimitation exercises when one or few loci are used without evaluation of contemporary gene flow, particularly species with strong sex-biased dispersal (e.g., squamates) and/or when results have implications for ongoing conservation efforts.
Advanced Graph Traversal used in Protein Interactions Network and Systems Biology
Authors: Rameshwari Rashmi , Chapadgaonkar Shilpa S , Prasad T. V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA methodological framework of graph traversal in Systems Biology is presented here. At present there is need to investigate system rather individual component. The proposed analysis generalizes the various idea of network representations of protein interactions. This approach highlights various methods used in construction of protein interaction graph or network using suitable algorithm. The network nodes represent protein residues. Two nodes are connected if two residues are functionally correlated during the protein interaction event. The analysis of the resulting network enables the importance of each protein for its interactions. Furthermore, the determination of the pattern of edge between residues yields insights into the function prediction of an interaction. This is of special interest to investigate intrinsically disordered proteins, since it is difficult to determine structural (three-dimensional) architecture of each proteins in protein interactions network. In present work various approaches for protein interactions network construction, models and methods along with graph theories has been discussed which can be used to reveal hidden properties and features of a network. Further effective algorithm for visualization of protein interactions is suggested. As construction of Biological network is dependent on various properties of graph. A holistic approach such as Systems Biology approach can better solve the problem. This network profiling combined with knowledge extraction will help biologist to explore hidden information in genome as well as in proteome..
Superoanterior Fasciculus (SAF): Novel fiber tract revealed by diffusion MRI fiber tractography
Authors: David Szabolcs , Heemskerk Anneriet M. , Corrivetti Francesco , de Schotten Michel Thiebaut , Sarubbo Silvio , Petit Laurent , Viergever Max A. , Jones Derek K. , Mandonnet Emmanuel , Axer Hubertus , Evans John , Paus Tomáš , Leemans Alexander 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSubstantial progress in acquisition, processing, and analysis boosted the reliability of diffusion-weighted MRI and increased the accuracy of mapping white matter pathways with fiber tractography. Since the introduction of ‘region of interest’ (ROI) based virtual dissection by Conturo et al. in 1999, researchers have used tractography to identify white matter pathways, which faithfully represented previously known structures revealed by dyeing studies or post-mortem descriptions. The reconstructed streamlines are subjects of bundle-specific in vivo investigations to show differences between groups (e.g., comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) between patients and healthy controls) or to describe the relation between diffusion scalars and metrics of interest (e.g.: normal aging or changes due to learning). By applying a reverse strategy in using diffusion-weighted MRI tractography first, then supporting the findings with other techniques, we have identified a bilateral tract in the frontal cortex - the superoanterior fasciculus (SAF). The tract resembles the anterior shape of the cingulum bundle, but is located more frontally. To erase the chance that our findings are confounded by acquisition, processing or modeling artifacts, we analyzed a total of 421 subjects from four cohorts with different acquisition schemes and diverse processing pipelines. The findings were also completed with other non-MRI techniques, such as polarized light microscopy and dissection. Tractography results demonstrate a long pathway and are consistent among cohorts, while dissection indicates a series of U-shaped fibers connecting adjacent gyri. In conclusion, we hypothesize that these consecutive U-shaped fibers emerge to form a pathway, thereby resulting in a multicomponent bundle.
Somatosensory Perceptual Training Enhances Motor Learning by Observing
Authors: McGregor Heather R. , Cashaback Joshua G.A. , Gribble Paul L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeuroimaging and neurophysiological studies in humans have demonstrated that action observation activates brain regions involved in sensory-motor control. A growing body of work has shown that action observation can also facilitate motor learning; observing a tutor undergoing motor learning results in functional plasticity within the motor system and gains in subsequent motor performance. However, the effects of observing motor learning extend beyond the motor domain. Converging evidence suggests that learning also results in somatosensory functional plasticity and somatosensory perceptual changes. This work has raised the possibility that the somatosensory system is also involved in motor learning that results from observation. Here we tested this hypothesis using a somatosensory perceptual training paradigm. If the somatosensory system is indeed involved in motor learning by observing, then improving subjects' somatosensory function before observation should enhance subsequent observation-related gains in motor performance. Subjects performed a proprioceptive discrimination task in which a robotic manipulandum moved the subject’s passive upper limb and he or she made judgments about the position of the hand. Subjects in a Trained Learning group received trial-by-trial feedback to improve their proprioceptive acuity. Subjects in an Untrained Learning group performed the same task without feedback. All subjects then observed a learning video showing a tutor adapting her reaches to a left force field (FF). We found that subjects in the Trained Learning group, who had superior proprioceptive acuity prior to observation, benefited more from observing learning compared to subjects in the Untrained Learning group. Improving somatosensory function can therefore enhance subsequent observation-related gains in motor learning. This study provides further evidence in favor of the involvement of the somatosensory system in motor learning by observing.AbbreviationsFF:Force fieldPD:Maximum perpendicular deviationIQR:interquartile rangeThe authors report no financial interests or conflicts of interests.
A preliminary study of the calcification reason of pit mud in Chinese Strong-flavour liquor
Authors: Chen Bin , Wang Deliang , Yan Yinzhuo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPit mud play a key role in the brewing process of Chinese Strong-flavour liquor. In this study, the organic acids and metal ions was determinated by Ion Chromatograph and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, respectively. The diversities and structures in pit mud were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing based on Illumina Miseq platform. The results showed that the lactic acid in calcified pit mud was about 10 times higher than quality pit mud, and the calcium ions was about 20 times higher than quality pit mud. It could found a strange phenomenon, the calcified pit mud had more pyruvic acid and quality pit mud basically does not had this kind of material. The data analysis shown that the pit mud were detected prokaryotes 908 strains and the eukaryotes 226 strains. It was found that the Lactobacillus and Prevotella in calcified pit mud (the total of both increase 11 times) had a higher percentage. It can be guess that the lactic acid and metal ions would form lactic acid salt compounds and those compounds could affect the growth and reproduction of microbes in pit mud. This study provided a good comparison of physical and chemical properties between the calcified pit mud and the quality pit mud, which was significant for the maintenance of pit mud and the quality of liquor. Because of the first study for pit mud by using high-throughput sequencing, it could provide theoretical basis for improving microbes in pit mud.
Arterial smooth muscle cell PKD2 (TRPP1) channels control systemic blood pressure
Authors: Bulley Simon , Fernandez-Pena Carlos , Hasan Raquibul , Leo M. Dennis , Muralidharan Padmapriya , Mackay Charles E. , Evanson Kirk W. , Burris Sarah K. , Wang Qian , Kuruvilla Korah P. , Jaggar Jonathan H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSystemic blood pressure is determined, in part, by arterial smooth muscle cells (myocytes). Several Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels are proposed to be expressed in arterial myocytes, but it is unclear if these proteins control physiological blood pressure and contribute to hypertensionin vivo. We generated the first inducible, smooth muscle-specific knockout for a TRP channel, namely for PKD2 (TRPP1), to investigate arterial myocyte and blood pressure regulation by this protein. Using this model, we show that intravascular pressure and α1-receptors activate PKD2 channels in arterial myocytes of different systemic organs. PKD2 channel activation in arterial myocytes leads to an inward Na+ current, membrane depolarization and vasoconstriction. Inducible, smooth muscle cell-specific PKD2 knockout lowers both physiological blood pressure and hypertension and prevents pathological arterial remodeling during hypertension. In summary, we show for the first time that arterial myocyte PKD2 channels control systemic blood pressure and targeting reduces high blood pressure.