bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMMENCE Trial – Comparing hypOtherMic teMperaturEs duriNg hemiarCh surgEry A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mild vs Moderate Hypothermia on Patient Outcomes in Aortic Hemiarch Surgery with Anterograde Cerebral Perfusion
Authors: Jabagi Habib , Wells George , Boodhwani Munir 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background

Aortic arch surgery remains the only viable life-saving treatment for aortic arch disease. However, the necessity for cessation of systemic blood flow with hypothermic cardiac arrest carries substantial risk of morbidity and mortality, including poor neurological outcomes and kidney failure. While uncontrolled studies have suggested the safety of operating at warmer temperatures, significant variables remain un-investigated supporting the need for a randomized clinical trial to produce evidence-based guidelines for perfusion strategies in aortic surgery. This study proposes a multi-centre RCT, in order to compare outcomes of warmer hypothermic strategies during hemiarch surgery on a composite endpoint of neurologic and acute kidney injury.

Methods

This is a prospective multi-centre, single-blind two-arm RCT comparing mild (32°C) versus moderate (26°C) hypothermic cardiac arrest in patients (n=282) undergoing aortic hemiarch surgery with antegrade cerebral perfusion. The primary endpoint is a composite of neurological injury (incidence of TIA and/or stroke) and acute kidney injury (1 or higher). Secondary outcomes include death, cardiopulmonary bypass time, bleeding, transfusion rates, prolonged mechanical ventilation, myocardial infarction, length of stay, and quality of life measures.

Patients will undergo 1:1 block randomization to each treatment arm on day of surgery. Sequence of operation will be at the surgeon's discretion with mandatory guidelines for temperature and antegrade cerebral perfusion administration. Perioperative management will occur as per enrolling centre standard of care. Neurocognitive function will be assessed using validated neurological screening tests: NIHSS, MOCA, BI, and MRS. Diagnosis and classification of acute kidney injury will be assessed using creatinine measurements. Study duration for each patient will be 60±30 days.

Discussion

It is hoped that performing hemiarch surgery using mild hypothermia (32°C) and selective anterograde cerebral perfusion will result in a 15% absolute risk reduction in the composite outcomes. The potential of this risk reduction will translate into improved patient outcomes, survival, and long-term financial savings to the Health Care system. In addition to this, the results of this trial will be used to create the first-ever guidelines for temperature management strategy during aortic surgery.
The role of p66Shc in high glucose concentration -induced oxidative damage in R28 cells
Authors: Zhao Minghui , Wu Qiang , Hu Jianyan , Lu Peirong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effect of high glucose concentrations on the expression of p66Shc and phosphorylation of p66Shc Ser36 in R28 cells, and to elucidate the role of p66Shc in high glucose-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis of R28 cells.
Methods: R28 cells were cultured with various concentrations of D-glucose, or with 30 mM D-glucose or 30 mM mannitol only for the indicated timepoints. The expression of p66Shc and phosphorylation of p66Shc Ser36 were subsequently detected. Additionally, R28 cells were divided into five groups: i. control (CTL) group; ii. high glucose group; iii. high glucose overexpressed p66Shc group; iv. high glucose p66Shc knockout (KO) group; and v. high glucose S36A mutant group. P66Shc, cytochrome C, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in mitochondria, mitochondrial DNA damage, and apoptosis were also evaluated.
Results: With the increase of glucose concentration, the levels of p66Shc mRNA and expression of p66Shc protein gradually increased. P66Shc mRNA and protein levels, and phosphorylation of p66Shc Ser36 increased with the prolongation of exposure to high concentrations of glucose. Notably, after stimulation with 30 mM mannitol, the levels of p66Shc mRNA, p66Shc protein, and p66Shc S36 phosphorylation did not change. With the increase of p66Shc level in the mitochondria of R28 cells, ROS content in mitochondria increased, mitochondrial DNA damage was exacerbated, cytochrome C content in mitochondria decreased, and apoptosis increased.
Conclusion: High glucose concentrations increased the expression of p66Shc in R28 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. P66Shc regulated both oxidative damage and apoptosis in R28 cells.
Evaluation of Endothelial Biomarkers on the Prognosis of Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Yu , Tu Kun-Hua , Tsai Feng-Chun , Nan Yu-Yun , Fan Pei-Chun , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Tian Ya-Chung , Fang Ji-Tseng , Yang Chih-Wei , Chen Yung-Chang 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is often used in critical patients with severe myocardial failure. However, patients on ECMO often have high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Recent studies suggest that endothelial activation with subsequent vascular barrier breakdown is a critical pathogenic mechanism in organ damage and related to the outcome in critical illness. This study aimed to determine whether the endothelial biomarkers could serve as prognostic factors for the outcome of patients on ECMO.

Methods

This prospective study enrolled total 23 critically ill patients on veno-arterial ECMO in the intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital between March 2014 and February 2015. Serum samples were tested for thrombomodulin, angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were also collected.

Results

The overall mortality rate was 56.5%. The combination of Ang-2 at the time of ECMO support (day 0) and VEGF at day 2 had modest prognostic ability of discriminating mortality (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.854; 95% confidence interval: 0.645-0.965).

Conclusions

In this study, we found that the combination of Ang-2 at day 0 and VEGF at day 2 was a modest model for mortality discrimination in this group of patients.
Determining $\alpha_s$ from hadronic $\tau$ decay: the pitfalls of truncating the OPE
Authors: Boito Diogo , Golterman Maarten , Maltman Kim , Peris Santiago 
Published: February 2019

We discuss sum-rule determinations of \alpha_sαs
from non-strange hadronic \tauτ-decay
data. We investigate, in particular, the reliability of the assumptions
underlying the “truncated OPE strategy,” which specifies a certain
treatment of non-perturbative contributions, and which was employed in
Refs. . Here, we test this strategy by applying the strategy to the
RR-ratio
obtained from e^+e^-e+e−
data, which extend beyond the \tauτ
mass, and demonstrate that the assumptions underlying this strategy are
not, in general, valid. We then present a brief overview of new results
on the form of duality-violating non-perturbative contributions, which
are conspicuously present in the experimentally determined spectral
functions. As we show, with the current precision claimed for the
extraction of \alpha_sαs,
including a representation of duality violations is unavoidable if one
wishes to avoid uncontrolled theoretical errors.
Elaboração e Caracterização de Filmes Biodegradáveis de Amido de Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill e Glicerol
Authors: Fernandes Adriana Dos Santos , Cardoso Jocielle Conceição de Oliveira , Gomes Jacqueline Nascimento , Ascheri Diego Palmiro Ramirez 
Published: February 2019

O objetivo do presente estudo foi a elaboração e caracterização de filmes biodegradáveis de amido da fruta-do-lobo e glicerol. Os filmes foram submetidos a análise de imagem e microscópica teste de espessura, solubilidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água, testes mecânicos e ensaio de biodegradação. Os filmes apresentaram bom aspecto visual e tiveram suas propriedades influenciadas a partir do incremento de glicerol, tornando-se mais flexíveis e menos deformáveis, conforme comprovado pelo módulo de elasticidade, que diminuiu de 706,84 Mpa para 463,60 Mpa com aumento na concentração de glicerol de 5% para 20%. O filme mais espesso (0,123 mm), o mais solúvel (54%) e com maior permeabilidade ao vapor de água (4,3 x 10-4 g mm m-2 h-1 KPa-1), foi aquele elaborado com 20% de glicerol. O ensaio de biodegradação confirmou a degradação dos filmes num tempo máximo de 60 dias. Os resultados sugerem a utilização dos filmes como embalagens para alimentos.
Effects of Acute and Chronic Treatment of Novel Psychotropic Drug, 8- (Trifluoromethyl)-1, 2, 3, 4, 5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine Hydrochloride (TC-2153), on the Behavior of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio): A Comparison with Fluoxetine
Authors: Kulikov Alexander , Sinyakova Nadezhda , Kulikova Elizabeth , Khomenko Tatyana , Salakhutdinov Nariman , Kulikov Victor , Volcho Konstantin 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Striatal-enriched Tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP) plays a key role in the
mechanisms of neuronal signaling and is a potential molecular target for new generation of
psychotropic drugs. STEP inhibitor, 8-(trifluoromethyl-1,2,3,4,5-benzopentathiepin-6-amine
hydrochloride (TC-2153), shows anxiolytic effect on mice. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a suitable
model for the study of anxiety pharmacology.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of acute and chronic TC-2153
treatment on zebrafish anxiety-related behavior.

Methods:
The effects of acute (0.125 and 0.25 mg/l, 3 h) and chronic (0.125 mg/l, 14 days)
administration of TC-2153 on locomotion and anxiety-related behavior (time spent near the bottom
and mean distance from the bottom) of adult zebrafish in the Novel Tank (NT) test were compared
with those of the same doses of fluoxetine chosen as a positive control.

Results:
Acute treatment with 0.125 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l of TC-2153 or fluoxetine decreased time
spent near the bottom, increased time spent near the surface and increased mean distance from the
bottom of tank. Chronic treatment with 0.125 mg/l of TC-2153 reduced only time spent near the
tank bottom without any effect on time spent near the surface and mean distance from the bottom,
while chronic administration of 0.125 mg/l of fluoxetine altered these three indices of anxiety.

Conclusion:
Both acute and chronic TC-2153 produces anxiety-like effect indicating STEP
involved in the mechanism of anxiety-related behavior in zebrafish. At the same time, chronic
treatment with TC-2153 reduced locomotor activity. Zebrafish is a promising laboratory object to
study the role of STEP in the nervous system.
Ultrasound Assisted Dispersive Solid Phase Microextraction of Thymol and Carvacrol in Pharmaceutical Products Using Graphene Oxide as an Adsorbent Prior to Analysis by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ghobadloo Parvin Abedi , Hamidi Samin , Nemati Mahboob , Jahed Fatemeh Soghra 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Thymol and carvacrol are the most important dietary constituents in thyme
species. These two active compounds are used for the standardization of pharmaceutical compounds.

Objective:
In this work, a simple and reliable ultrasonic assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction
method (USA-DSPME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detection
system was developed to determine thymol and carvacrol in pharmaceutical syrups. The efficiency of
SPME sorbent was examined through several sorbents and finally Graphene Oxide (GO) was applied
for extraction of the analytes. Method: The efficiency of GO was compared with three reduced forms of
GO adsorbents as well. Several effective factors on the extraction performance were investigated.

Results:
Under the optimized conditions for the GO sorbent, inter and intra-day relative standard deviations
(RSDs, n = 3) and the Limits of Detections (LODs) were lower than 5.0% and 0.02 μg/ml, respectively.
Moreover, good linear ranges were observed in wide concentration ranges with R-squared
larger than 0.9961 for both thymol and carvacrol.

Conclusion:
The present method is reliable and simple for determination of carvacrol and thymol in
pharmaceutical products.
Treatment of erectile dysfunction in patients after kidney transplantation depending on type of vascular anastomosis: results of short-term follow up study
Authors: Zagitov A. R. , Mukhamedyanov F. N. , Izmailov A. A. , Kutliyarov L. M. , Pavlov V. N. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men with chronic kidney disease stage V is from 60 to 80%. At the same time, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction in patients after kidney transplantation remains high at up to 60%. One of the possible causes of erectile dysfunction after kidney transplantation is considered a decrease in arterial inflow to the cavernous bodies of the penis.Objectives. Тo evaluate the results of treatment of ED in patients after KT, depending on the vascular anastomosis.Materials and methods. 84 patients with a functioning kidney after transplantation were examined. All patients were divided into 3 groups: Group I – 38 patients undergoing KT with arterial vascular anastomosis with an internal iliac artery; Group II – 46 patients undergoing kidney transplantation with arterial vascular anastomosis to external iliac artery; Group III – 35 healthy volunteers (control group) with no history of urological diseases or surgical interventions on the pelvic organs. International Index of Erectile Function Index (IIEF-5) was used to assess erectile function. An ultrasound study with dopplerography of the penile arteries was performed before and after intracavernous pharmacological stress. For treating patients with erectile dysfunction after kidney transplantation were used PDE-5 inhibitors (Tadalafil® 5 mg daily for 3 months, then at a dose of 20 mg “on demand”), a special set of exercises for the muscles of the pelvic floor, vacuum therapy and physiotherapy with the device “Androgyne”.Results. Significant erectile function disorders were detected in 26 (68.4%) patients of group I, and in 31 (73.9%) patients of group II, according to data from the IIEF-5 questionnaire. Group I 27 (71.1%) patients were satisfied with sex life, group II – 39 (84.8%) by the end of the year. According to the Doppler ultrasound, after 12 months in patients of group I, the maximum systolic velocity of blood flow in the right and left cavernous artery of the penis was 25.0 ± 3.44 cm / s and 33.0 ± 3.56 cm / s, respectively. The difference in arterial inflow of 8 cm / s indicates a pronounced arterial perfusion of the penis in group I patients. At the same time, in patients of group II, the maximum systolic velocity was significantly higher than in group I and amounted to 40.1 ± 2.66 cm/s and 40.0 ± 2.77 cm/s, respectively.Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a decrease in the arterial inflow to the penis along the right cavernous artery in patients from group I, who underwent an arterial vascular anastomosis with an internal iliac artery during kidney transplantation.
Improved Open-Loop Glucose Control With Basal Insulin Reduction 90 Minutes Before Aerobic Exercise in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Zaharieva Dessi P. , McGaugh Sarah , Pooni Rubin , Vienneau Todd , Ly Trang , Riddell Michael C. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
To reduce exercise-associated hypoglycemia, individuals with type 1 diabetes on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion typically perform basal rate reductions (BRRs) and/or carbohydrate feeding, although the timing and amount of BRRs necessary to prevent hypoglycemia are unclear. The goal of this study was to determine if BRRs set 90 min pre-exercise better attenuate hypoglycemia versus pump suspension (PS) at exercise onset.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Seventeen individuals completed three 60-min treadmill exercise (∼50% of VO2peak) visits in a randomized crossover design. The insulin strategies included 1) PS at exercise onset, 2) 80% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise, and 3) 50% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise.

RESULTS
Blood glucose level at exercise onset was higher with 50% BRR (191 ± 49 mg/dL) vs. 80% BRR (164 ± 41 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.001) and PS (164 ± 45 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.001). By exercise end, 80% BRR showed the smallest drop (−31 ± 58 mg/dL) vs. 50% BRR (−47 ± 50 mg/dL; P = 0.04) and PS (−67 ± 41 mg/dL; P &lt; 0.001). With PS, 7 out of 17 participants developed hypoglycemia versus 1 out of 17 in both BRR conditions (P &lt; 0.05). Following a standardized meal postexercise, glucose rose with PS and 50% BRR (both P &lt; 0.05), but failed to rise with 80% BRR (P = 0.16). Based on interstitial glucose, overnight mean percent time in range was 83%, 83%, and 78%, and time in hypoglycemia was 2%, 1%, and 5% with 80% BRR, 50% BRR, and PS, respectively (all P &gt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, a 50–80% BRR set 90 min pre-exercise improves glucose control and decreases hypoglycemia risk during exercise better than PS at exercise onset, while not compromising the postexercise meal glucose control.
Efficacy of Thrombolytic Therapy in Treatment of Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ikramov A. I. , Dadamyants N. G. 
Published: February 2019

The purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy in patients with ischemic stroke according to radiological methods.Materials and methods. The study included 60 people who were divided into two groups. The main group included 34 (56.7%) patients with ischemic stroke (20 men and 14 women) aged 22 to 78 years (mean age 62 ± 8.6 years) who were treated in Republican research center of emergency medical care. The control group consisted of 26 (43.3%) patients to estimate the parameters of normeperidine in the middle cerebral artery (MCA): the maximum blood flow velocity, linear blood flow velocity, index Gosling (PI) and coefficient overshoot (KO). Evaluation of patients included: assessment of nevrostatus according NIHSS scale, computered tomograhy of brain to exclude hemorrhagic stroke, transcranial and extracranial arteries Duplex scanning, digital subtraction angiography. Thrombolysis was performed to all patients of main group with ischemic stroke: systemic thrombolysis with streptokinase – in 17 (50%) cases, selective thrombolysis of Actilyse – 17 (50%). Thrombolysis was performed in a period from 90 minutes to 4 hours after the manifestation of symptoms. Results. Significant positive changes were observed in 22 (64.7%) patients. Asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation of ischemic lesion was observed in 4 (11.7%). In acute occlusion of the internal carotid artery recanalization was registered only in 11.7% of cases, while the M1 MCA occlusion segment – at 52.9%. Transcranial Doppler is manifested by registration of hyperperfusion flow after thrombolysis in the presence of residual flow to thrombolysis. Re-occlusion was observed in 2 (5.8%) patients. In these cases, before and after thrombolysis TCD fixed flow hypoperfusion. Mortality was 14.7%.Conclusions. Thrombolytic therapy is effective treatment for ischemic stroke, especially in the delivery of the patient to a hospital for the first 2 hours after the manifestation of clinical symptoms. The marker of effectiveness thrombolysis is registration on the CMA normoperfusion or hyperperfusion pattern. Good functional outcome marked when a patient achieved result ≤2 points on the mRS. Asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation can also be considered as a marker of effective thrombolysis. The combination of a CT scan of the brain with transcranial Doppler allows to assess not only the size of the lesion of the brain, but also to investigate the nature of cerebral hemodynamics. Further development of a set of measures designed to raise awareness among the population and general practitioners about the symptoms of stroke and its effective treatment in the case of delivery of the patient to a specialized hospital in which is possible to conduct thrombolysis.
Diagnostic Capabilities of MRI and Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography in Dense Breasts
Authors: Solodkiy V. A. , Oksanchuk E. A. , Meskih E. V. , Kolesnik A. U. , Nudnov N. V. 
Published: February 2019

Objective: to study the technique of contrast-enhanced mammography (CESM) and to make a comparative analysis of the accuracy of CESM and MRI in dense breasts.Materials and methods. Was analyzed data of the world researches dedicated comparative characteristics of contrast-enhanced mammography (CESM) and MRI. The MRI and contrast-enhanced mammography (CESM) were performed 61 patients in our center from 04.2017 to 05.2017. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods were evaluated, these data were compared with the results of published studies.Results. Contrast mammography (CESM) is a highly sensitive and specific technique in detecting cancer in dense breasts, comparable in informativeness of contrastenhanced MRI. The sensitivity of CESM and MRI was 100%, the specificity was 100% and 94% respectively.Conclusion. Contrast mammography (CESM) is a perspective techique for earlier diagnosis of breast carcinomas, even with dense breasts.
Postmortem Characteristics of Lung Hypoplasia at Diaphragmatic Hernia: MRI – Pathomorphological Comparisons
Authors: Tumanova U. N. , Lyapin V. M. , Burov A. A. , Shchegolev A. I. , Degtyarev D. N. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose: the study of postmortem MRI possibilities for the diagnosis of lung hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.Materials and methods. A comparison of the results of postmortem MRI study and data of pathoanatomical autopsy of 23 newborns was performed. In group I, the bodies of 10 deceased newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia without operative intervention were examined. In group II – the bodies of 7 newborns who died after surgery for congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Group III (control) included 6 bodies of newborns without diaphragmatic hernia and signs of lung hypoplasia. Before the autopsy, an MRI study was performed on a 3T Magnetom Verio device (Siemens, Germany) in standard T1 and T2 modes. The volumes of the lungs and chest cavity were calculated in the analysis of the tomograms data and their 3D reconstruction. The stage of the lung development and number of radial alveoli were identified at the microscopic study of histological preparations.Results.As a result of the postmortem MRI study, it was established that the observations of group I are characterized by minimal lung volumes. The mean lung volume on the side of the diaphragmatic hernia was 4.1 times less than the contralateral lung (p < 0.01), and the mean values of the volume of both lungs were 4.6 times less than the corresponding values of the control group (p < 0.01) . The average value of the specific volume of the lungs in newborns who died as a result of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (group I) was 8.8%, which is 4.2 times less than the control group (p < 0.01) and was accompanied by histological signs of hypoplasia. The operation in Group II observations led to an increase in lung size. However, the specific volume of the lungs in this group remained by 18.6% less than the control group, and on histological specimens there were signs of lung hypoplasia.Conclusion.The postmortem MRI of dead newborns allows for an objective quantification of lung volumes and verifies the presence of hypoplasia. This helps to clarify the pathogenesis and determine the immediate cause of death. Indices of specific lung volume relative to the chest cavity of less than 20% indicate lung hypoplasia as the immediate cause of death of the newborn.