bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full time occlusion VS part time occlusion in treatment of monocular amblyopia
Authors: Mehboob Mohammad Asim , Muhammad Shoaib , Farooq Muhammad Asad 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To compare improvement in Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) by Full Time Occlusion (FTO) or Part Time Occlusion (PTO) technique in children with monocular amblyopia.
Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Gujranwala from April 2018 to June 2019. A total of 52 children, diagnosed with non-pathological ametropic amblyopia were randomly divided in two groups. Both underwent cycloplegic refraction and assessment of BCVA. Group A underwent FTO for eight weeks with patch removal only during sleep. Group B underwent PTO for eight weeks with patching done for six hours a day, out of which 1-2 hours were utilized in near work. Final BCVA was checked at eight weeks, and compared between two groups.
Results: Mean age of study population was 11.06±3.30 years. Mean BCVA before amblyopia treatment was 0.70±0.20 logMAR, and mean BCVA after eight weeks of amblyopia treatment in both groups was 0.29±0.18 logMAR. Difference in BCVA between both groups was statistically significant (p= 0.023). Mean improvement in lines on Snellen’s Visual acuity chart was 1.92±1.35 lines. In our study, 92% of children in FTO group and 66.6% of children in PTO group achieved BCVA of 6/12 or better.
Conclusions: Full time occlusion in children with monocular amblyopia results in greater improvement in BCVA as compared to part time occlusion of six hours per day.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1287
How to cite this:Mehboob MA, Muhammad S, Farooq MA. Full time occlusion VS part time occlusion in treatment of monocular amblyopia. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1647-1651. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1287
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Proceedings of International Conference on “Prescription for Wellness: Working Across Boundaries” held at Lahore Pakistan (August 2-3, 2019)
Authors: Jawaid Shaukat Ali , Imran Nazish 
Published: October 2019

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1655
How to cite this:Jawaid SA, Imran N. Proceedings of International Conference on “Prescription for Wellness: Working Across Boundaries” held at Lahore Pakistan (August 2-3, 2019). Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1749-1763. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.1655
Comparison of Intralesional Meglumine Antimonite along withoral Itraconazole to Intralesional Meglumine Antimonitein the treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Bashir Uzma , Tahir Moizza , Anwar Muhammad Irfan , Manzoor Faisal 
Published: October 2019

Background & Objective: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is endemic in developing countries like Pakistan. Pentavalent antimonials are still drug of choice, despite being toxic and intolerable for patients. Second line treatments have been extensively studied but the results of their efficacy are conflicting. This, to our knowledge, will be the first study in this regard. Our objective was to determine if combination of oral itraconazole with intralesional (IL) meglumine antimoniate (MA) reduces the duration of treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis, as compared to intralesional MA alone.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial (single blinded) was carried out from August 2017 till December 2017 on 69 patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria. They were assigned to Group-A or B by lottery method. Group-A patients received IL MA once a week while Group-B received oral itraconazole 200mg, once daily, for six weeks along with similar regimen of IL MA as Group-A. The patients were assessed every three weeks by the blinded assessor till clinical cure was achieved. A follow up visit, two months after clinical cure was done to look for relapse of the disease.
Results: Thirty patients in Group-A and 35 patients in Group-B completed the study. At 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks the patients were assessed for: no, partial or complete response and results of the two groups were compared for statistical significance. The p-values of 0.20, 0.57 and 0.11 at 3, 6 and 9 weeks, respectively, depict that there was no significant difference at any step of assessment between the two groups in terms of healing. The p values of each t test was >0.05 refuting the hypothesis.
Conclusion: Combination of oral itraconazole with intralesional MA offered no benefit over intralesional MA alone in the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis in terms of duration of therapy.
Abbreviations Used: IL = Intralesional, MA = Meglumine Antimoniate, LD = Leishmania Donovan, CL = Cutaneous leishmaniasis, CMH = Combined Military Hospital.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.363
How to cite this:Bashir U, Tahir M, Anwar MI, Manzoor F. Comparison of Intralesional Meglumine Antimonite along with oral Itraconazole to Intralesional Meglumine Antimonite in the treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1669-1673. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.363
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Serum Lipoprotein (a) levels in acute coronary syndrome; Comparison of younger and elderly patients with healthy controls
Authors: Hanif Sadaf , Akhtar Bilqees , Afzal Muhammad Naeem 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To compare and see the association of serum Lipoprotein (a) levels in younger and older patients suffering from acute coronary syndrome compared to healthy controls
Methods: This case control study was conducted in department of cardiology, King Edward Medical University, Lahore from January to December 2015. Total 180 subjects (90 cases and 90 healthy controls, subdivided in 45 young and old in each group ≤/>45 years of age) were included in the study by non-probability purposive sampling. Patients presenting with acute coronary event and angiographically proven coronary vascular disease were considered cases while those with normal coronaries served as controls. Lp(a) was measured after ten hours fasting. Lp(a) >30 nmol/l) were considered as high. Data were entered and analyzed in SPSS 17. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean lipoprotein (a) in cases and controls.
Results: The mean age of cases and controls was 48.02 ± 10.90 & 45.89±10.09 years respectively. Lipid profile was similar in both cases and controls except triglycerides that were higher in controls (p=0.024). The mean lipoprotein (a) in cases was 47.03 ± 45.47 and in controls was 29.69±23.10 (p-value 0.001). Mean Lp(a) level was significantly high in cases vs controls in young subjects, (50.15±55.62 vs 25.75±15.84, p= 0.006), while in old ones, difference was not statistically significant (43.92±32.69 vs 33.64±28.22, p= 0.114). The frequency of desirable, borderline high, high, and very high Lp(a) levels in cases was 23(25.6%), 12(13.3%), 27(30.0%) and 28(31.1%), while in controls, it was 26(28.9%), 31(34.4%), 17(18.9%) and 16(17.8%), (p-value 0.003). Chi-Square test showed significant association of high Lp(a) with coronary artery disease in younger cases vs controls (P=0.004) with OR 3.65 but not in older (p-value 0.358).
Conclusion: Serum lipoprotein(a) is strongly associated with coronary vascular disease especially in patients younger than 45 years of age despite comparable LDL and HDL between cases and controls, making Lp(a) likely independent risk factor for coronary vascular disease.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.377
How to cite this:Hanif S, Akhtar B, Afzal MN. Serum Lipoprotein (a) levels in acute coronary syndrome; Comparison of younger and elderly patients with healthy controls. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1718-1723. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.377
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Practice to preach self-regulation: Use of metacognitive strategies by medical teachers in their learning practices
Authors: Mohammad Shabana Ali , Yasmeen Raheela 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To explore use of metacognitive skills by medical teachers in relation to Zimmerman’s model of self-regulation.
Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted at Riphah International University from February 2017 to August 2017. A semi structured interview of ten medical teachers was planned to uncover the lived experiences of selected teachers to demonstrate how these teachers use metacognitive strategies in different phases of learning. Data was collected by asking five open ended questions after expert validation. Data was analyzed by using N-Vivo software.
Results: Total eight themes were extracted. For prediction and planning three themes, brainstorming, making concept map and sufficient time required were isolated while teachers selected learning objectives and level of students for resource selection while for motivation theme selected was previous experience. Two themes, self- questioning to improve the learning and extra effort required to meet the timeline were isolated for monitoring and reflection during and after learning for evaluation of learning process.
Conclusion: During forethought phase, medical teachers predict their learning process through learning objectives and plan after brainstorming to make a concept map and use suitable learning resources. During learning, they monitor learning process through self-questioning and put extra-effort to meet the deadlines. During and after learning, teachers reflect on their performance.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.550
How to cite this:Ali S, Yasmeen R. Practice to preach self-regulation: Use of metacognitive strategies by medical teachers in their learning practices. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1642-1646. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.550
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of Body Mass Index on respiratory parameters: A cross-sectional analytical Study
Authors: Bhatti Urooj , Laghari Zulfiqar Ali , Manzoor Syed Binafsha 
Published: October 2019

Objective: To assess association of Body mass index (BMI) on respiratory parameters by performing spirometry in apparently healthy adults living in the district Jamshoro and Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Physiology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro, Pakistan from January to September 2015. A total of 180 underweight, normal, overweight and obese participants, aged between 18 to 40 years were included in the study. BMI was calculated by measuring weight and height by BMI scale (RGZ-160) in standing position. Pulmonary parameters were determined by spirometry on Power lab (AD instruments). Pulmonary parameters were compared between subjects in different categories of BMI.
Results: Mean age of participants was 21.83±5.88 years and the mean BMI was 25.10±6.55 kg/m2. The study results revealed that except for FVC, which was not statistically significant (p=0.45) all other respiratory parameters were significantly different (p≤0.05) in all BMI categories. Mean FEV1/FVC ratio (93.1 vs. 90.3, 86.4 and 86.6 respectively) was highest among underweight as compared to overweight, obese and normal weight individuals. The mean VT was 1.22 vs. 0.90, 1.01 and 0.84 respectively, IRV was 1.04 vs. 1.18, 1.23 and 1.20 respectively, IC was 2.26 vs. 2.08, 2.25 and 2.05 respectively, VC was 2.63 vs. 2.42, 2.54 and 2.54 respectively, TLC was 2.98 vs. 3.03 vs. 3.18 and 3.17 respectively among underweight, overweight, obese and normal weight participants.
Conclusion: We found a significant association between body mass index and pulmonary function parameters. Obesity causes detrimental effects on respiratory system.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.746
How to cite this:Bhatti U, Laghari ZA, Syed BM. Effect of Body Mass Index on respiratory parameters: A cross-sectional analytical Study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1724-1729. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.746
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Incidence and Management of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Interference in Monoclonal Gammopathy Monitoring
Authors: Liu Li , Wertz William J , Kondisko Anthony , Shurin Michael R , Wheeler Sarah E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has been revolutionized by the introduction of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (tmAbs). Daratumumab, a human IgG1/κ tmAb against CD38 on plasma cells, has improved overall survival in refractory MM and was recently approved as a frontline therapy for MM. Work on tmAb interference with serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) during MM monitoring has failed to provide information for laboratories on incidence of interference and effective methods of managing the interference at a practicable level. We aimed to evaluate daratumumab and elotuzumab interference in a large academic hospital setting and implement immediate solutions.MethodsWe identified and chart reviewed all cases of possible daratumumab interference by electrophoretic pattern (120 of 1317 total cases over 3 months). We retrospectively reviewed SPE cases in our laboratory to assess clinical implications of tmAb interference before the laboratory was aware of tmAb treatment. We supplemented samples with daratumumab and elotuzumab to determine the limits of detection and run free light chain analysis.ResultsApproximately 9% (120 of 1317) of tested cases have an SPE and/or immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) pattern consistent with daratumumab, but only approximately 47% (56) of these cases were associated with daratumumab therapy. Presence of daratumumab led to physician misinterpretation of SPE/IFE results. Limits of daratumumab detection varied with total serum gammaglobulin concentrations, but serum free light chain analysis was unaffected.ConclusionsClinical laboratories currently rely on interference identification by electrophoretic pattern, which may be insufficient and is inefficient. Critical tools in preventing misinterpretation efficiently include physician education, pharmacy notifications, separate order codes, and interpretive comments.
Bienestar Espiritual de los Estudiantes de Enfermería
Authors: Fajardo Ramos Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

Objetivo: Determinar el bienestar espiritual (BE) de estudiantes de enfermería en una universidad pública del departamento del Tolima, Colombia.Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio, transversal. Muestreo a conveniencia constituido por 264 estudiantes de enfermería de una institución de educación superior de la ciudad de Ibagué- Tolima, a los cuales se les aplicó el instrumento SHALOM-3, para medir el bienestar espiritual (disonancia y armonía) en los dominios personal, trascendental, ambiental y comunal. Resultados: La muestra fue constituida por mujeres en un 63.6% (168), solteros 90% (238) y el 65% (172) con edades entre 16 y 21 años, de religión católica 66,5% (175), con altos porcentajes en los niveles de armonía entre los dominios, utilizaron estrategias que fomentan el bienestar espiritual como la familia, estar feliz, tiempo para relajarse, la música y la espiritualidad en la vida.Conclusión Estos hallazgos podrían utilizarse para sentar las bases de un mayor apoyo en el fomento del bienestar espiritual de los estudiantes de enfermería en aspectos en los cuales presentaron disonancia.
Representaciones sociales del rol de la enfermera chilena en salud mental y psiquiatría 1960-1975: Una mirada histórica
Authors: Quiroz Reyes Jeannette Andrea , Rivas Rivero Edith 
Published: October 2019

Introducción: la profesionalización de la enfermería psiquiátrica parte el año 1928 con la inclusión de la asignatura “Cuidados de enfermos mentales y nerviosos” en el currículum de la carrera de enfermería de la Universidad de Chile.Objetivo: develar las representaciones sociales respecto del rol profesional de las enfermeras en el Hospital Psiquiátrico en la década del 60Material y método: investigación cualitativa desde el paradigma constructivista, de tipo descriptivo, metodología histórica de revisión documental e historia oral. Las unidades de estudio fueron a) las enfermeras que trabajaron en el Hospital Psiquiátrico en la década del 60 y b) la revisión de documentos primarios. La recolección de datos consistió en entrevistas semiestructuradas y documentos históricos. El análisis se realizó por medio del método comparativo constante y se apoyó en el programa Atlas. Ti. Se aplicaron los criterios de rigor metodológico y los 7 principios éticos de Ezequiel Emanuel, proyecto con aprobación del Comité de Ética Científico.Resultados: Emergió 1 núcleo temático: la representación social. Como subcategorías: *Ideario Valórico en elección y desarrollo de carrera profesional; *Profesionalismo y determinantes sociales; *Cuidado Integral como respuesta social.Discusión: Destaca el rol asistencial, delegación de procedimientos médicos.Conclusión: la enfermería profesional psiquiátrica se inicia en la década de los 60.
Environmental Condition and Trophic Status of Lake Rawa Pening in Central Java
Authors: Sulastri - , Henny Cynthia , Handoko Unggul 
Published: October 2019

Due to continuous problems of eutrophication, Lake Rawa Pening has been included into the 15 priority lakes in Indonesia to be saved from damage. This study aimed to clarify the current environmental conditions and trophic status of Lake Rawa Pening as a basis to control the eutrophication. Sediment loads, water quality, and nutrient concentrations were measured in the tributaries of lake inflow, within the lake, and at the point of lake outflow. The study was conducted in May, June, July, and August 2013. Water transparency, temperature, pH, turbidity, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen were measured in situ. Nitrogen, nitrate, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, TSS, and chlorophyll-a parameters were analyzed using standard method procedures. The Trophic State Index was used to determine the trophic state level. Hydroclimatological conditions showed that seasonally, fluctuation of water volume and discharge of lake followed the pattern of rainfall fluctuation. The sediment loads and nutrient concentration in the tributary inflow were more abundant than those in the lake and lake outflow. The results indicated that Lake Rawa Pening acts as sediment and nutrient sinks. Spatially and temporally, Lake Rawa Pening showed high variation of water quality. High concentration of nutrients observed during the wet and dry seasons indicated that the nutrients in the lake originated not only from external but also from internal sources. The overall results show that Lake Rawa Pening is a eutrophic lake, in which phosphorus seems to play a major role in causing eutrophication and massive growth of water hyacinth. <br /><br /><br />
Biodiversitas dan Sebaran Karang Jamur (Fungiidae) di Perairan Teluk Amurang, Minahasa Selatan
Authors: Hermanto Bambang 
Published: October 2019

<strong>Biodiversity and Distribution of Mushroom Coral (Fungiidae) in The Amurang Bay, South Minahasa.</strong> Mushroom coral is the one of sclerectinians that has essential role to form coral reefs. This kind of species act as a microhabitat for other marine organisms such as shrimp. cryptobenthic fish, barnacle and crab. Most of these unique species have an ability to move from one habitat to another during benthic phase. The aim of this research was to determine the community structure and distribution of mushroom corals. This research was conducted in February 2017 at 4 research stations using belt transect method with 50x2m<sup>2</sup> length of transects. The results showed that 431 individuals consisting of 19 species and 11 genus were recorded. Generally, the range of values of diversity index (H) was between 0,85-1,06 (low to medium level). The evennes index (J) values was ranged from 0,81 to 0,89 (high level) while the richness index (D) was 2,47-3,58 (low level). Lythophyllon repanda, Lythophyllon concinna and Fungia fungites were the most dominant mushroom coral spesies in the Amurang Bay waters.
Kontaminasi Logam Berat di Kawasan Pesisir Tanjung Selor Kalimantan Utara
Authors: Susantoro Tri Muji , Andayani Ariani 
Published: October 2019

<strong>Heavy Metal Contamination in the Coastal Area of Tanjung Selor North Kalimantan.</strong> The establishment of the North Kalimantan Province transformed the Tanjung Selor region and its surroundings into the provincial capital so that it will grow rapidly, both in terms of development and other activities. Monitoring environmental conditions, one of which is heavy metals in the waters need to be carried out as a starting environment before the area develops. This is important given the nature of heavy metals that change toxic at concentrations that exceed the threshold. The purpose of this study is to identify the potential for heavy metal contamination in the coastal area of Tanjung Selor, Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. Heavy metals studied is limiting to mercury (Hg), Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn). The location of the sampling was carried out using Landsat 8 imagery designed to represent the condition of the coastal area. Samples come from well water, river water, seawater, and marine sediments at 4, 9 and 5 observation stations respectively. Samples were taken on August 2014 using the grab sample method and analyzed for heavy metal content using the standard American Public Health Association (APHA) method with the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) instrument. Of the 23 samples produced, only 3 observation stations were not contaminated with heavy metals. While in the other 20 samples one of three types of heavy metals were found that exceeded the threshold. In general, Cu is the most detected metal exceeding the threshold in the study area found in samples of river water, sea water and sediment. Zn is found to exceed the threshold in well water. Pb is found to exceed the threshold in sample 5 of river water. Cd is found to exceed the threshold in samples of river water, sea water and sediment. The source of pollution is thought to originate from coal mining activities, oil palm plantations, and household waste. The overall results of this study show that river estuaries tend to accumulate heavy metals.
The life and contributions to the periodic table of Glenn T. Seaborg, the first person to have an element named after him while he was still alive
Authors: Seaborg David 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Glenn Seaborg was born on Michigan’s Upper Peninsula in 1912. At age 10, he moved to southern California, where his high school chemistry and physics teacher, Dwight Logan Read, sparked his interest in these fields. Seaborg was the first person to have an element named after him while he was still living. The only other person to have an element named after him while he was still alive was Yuri Oganessian.