bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MoS2 with Organic Fragment - a New Hybrid Material for Laser Writing
Authors: Jagminas Arunas , Trusovas Romualdas , Bittencourt Carla , Kurtinaitienė Marija , Pakštas Vidas , Cossement Damien , Valušis Gintaras 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNew nanostructured metasurfaces capable change the composition and physical properties upon pulse laser excitation recently received a marked attention for nanophotonic technologies. In this study, well adherent to the metal substrate and significantly thicker nanoplatelet-shaped MoS2-based arrays were synthesized by one pot hydrothermal way via addition of ethanolamine in the synthesis solution containing ammonium heptamolybdate and thiourea. It was shown that the lightening of this material with green light ns-laser pulses at a suitable fluencies results in the detachment of organic species and compositional transformations to significantly pure MoS2 material. For characterization the synthesized products scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GA-XRD), diffuse reflection, Raman, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) methods before and following green light picosecond laser pulse illumination were applied. We envisaged that these films can be successfully used as metamaterial for laser writing.
Revealing How Topography of Surface Microstructures Alters Capillary Spreading
Authors: Lee Yaerim , Matsushima Naoto , Yada Susumu , Nita Satoshi , Kodama Takashi , Amberg Gustav , Shiomi Junichiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWetting phenomena, i.e. the spreading of a liquid over a dry solid surface, are important for understanding how plants and insects imbibe water and moisture and for miniaturization in chemistry and biotechnology, among other examples. They pose fundamental challenges and possibilities, especially in dynamic situations. The surface chemistry and micro-scale roughness may determine the macroscopic spreading flow. The question here is how dynamic wetting depends on the topography of the substrate, i.e. the actual geometry of the roughness elements. To this end, we have formulated a toy model that accounts for the roughness shape, which is tested against a series of spreading experiments made on asymmetric sawtooth surface structures. The spreading speed in different directions relative to the surface pattern is found to be well described by the toy model. The toy model also shows the mechanism by which the shape of the roughness together with the line friction determines the observed slowing down of the spreading.
CGRP signalling inhibits NO production through pannexin-1 channel activation in endothelial cells
Authors: Gaete Pablo S. , Lillo Mauricio A. , Puebla Mariela , Poblete Inés , Figueroa Xavier F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBlood flow distribution relies on precise coordinated control of vasomotor tone of resistance arteries by complex signalling interactions between perivascular nerves and endothelial cells. Sympathetic nerves are vasoconstrictors, whereas endothelium-dependent NO production provides a vasodilator component. In addition, resistance vessels are also innervated by sensory nerves, which are activated during inflammation and cause vasodilation by the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Inflammation leads to superoxide anion (O2• −) formation and endothelial dysfunction, but the involvement of CGRP in this process has not been evaluated. Here we show a novel mechanistic relation between perivascular sensory nerve-derived CGRP and the development of endothelial dysfunction. CGRP receptor stimulation leads to pannexin-1-formed channel opening and the subsequent O2• −-dependent connexin-based hemichannel activation in endothelial cells. The prolonged opening of these channels results in a progressive inhibition of NO production. These findings provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of the inflammation-initiated endothelial dysfunction.
Gut microbiome of pre-adolescent children of two ethnicities residing in three distant cities
Authors: Khine Wei Wei Thwe , Zhang Yuwei , Goie Gerald Jian Yi , Wong Mung Seong , Liong Mintze , Lee Yeong Yeh , Cao Hong , Lee Yuan-Kun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent studies have realized the link between gut microbiota and human health and diseases. The question of diet, environment or gene is the determining factor for dominant microbiota and microbiota profile has not been fully resolved, for these comparative studies have been performed on populations of different ethnicities and in short-term intervention studies. Here, the Southern Chinese populations are compared, specifically the children of Guangzhou City (China), Penang City (west coast Malaysia) and Kelantan City (east coast Malaysia). These Chinese people have similar ancestry thus it would allow us to delineate the effect of diet and ethnicity on gut microbiota composition. For comparison, the Penang and Kelantan Malay children were also included. The results revealed that differences in microbiota genera within an ethnicity in different cities was due to differences in food type. Sharing the similar diet but different ethnicity in a city or different cities and living environment showed similar gut microbiota. The major gut microbiota (more than 1% total Operational Taxonomy Units, OTUs) of the children population are largely determined by diet but not ethnicity, environment, and lifestyle. Elucidating the link between diet and microbiota would facilitate the development of strategies to improve human health at a younger age.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 deficiency exacerbates acute lung injury via NF-κB signaling in bone marrow-derived macrophages
Authors: Qiu Tao , Zhou Jiangqiao , Wang Tianyu , Chen Zhongbao , Ma Xiaoxiong , Zhang Long , Zou Jilin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute inflammatory disease. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-bearing inhibitory receptor that is implicated in various pathological processes. However, the function of LILRB4 in ALI remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of LILRB4 in ALI. LILRB4 knockout mice (LILRB4 KO) were used to construct a model of ALI. Bone marrow cell transplantation was used to identify the cell source of the LILRB4 deficiency-aggravated inflammatory response in ALI. The effect on ALI was analyzed by pathological and molecular analyses. Our results indicated that LILRB4 KO exacerbated ALI triggered by LPS. Additionally, LILRB4 deficiency can enhance lung inflammation. According to the results of our bone marrow transplant model, LILRB4 regulates the occurrence and development of ALI by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) rather than by stromal cells in the lung. The observed inflammation was mainly due to BMDM-induced NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that LILRB4 deficiency plays a detrimental role in ALI-associated BMDM activation by prompting the NF-κB signal pathway.
Low concentration of rutin treatment might alleviate the cardiotoxicity effect of pirarubicin on cardiomyocytes via activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Fei Junjie , Sun Yi , Duan Yuyin , Xia Jianming , Yu Songhua , Ouyang Peigang , Wang Teng , Zhang Guimin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of deaths around the world, especially in low- and middle- income countries. Pirarubicin (THP) is an effective drug for treatment of cancer, however, there still exists cardiotoxic effects of THP. Rutin is a kind of antioxidative compound extracted from plants, and might be a protective compound for cardiomyocytes. Phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is critical for cellular survival, proliferation and metabolism, and thus we speculated rutin might perform a protective role in cardiomyocytes via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. And in this experiment, we first established a cardiotoxicity model of THP in mice model and cell models, and then found that rutin treatment could increase the proliferation of cells at low concentration. Then we explored the possible mechanism of the protective effect of rutin using Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and ELISA methods, and found that the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was increased, and expression of downstream molecules involved in antioxidative stress were also increased. We further noticed that concentration of angiogenesis promoting factors were also increased in medium of cultured cells. Thus, we speculated that rutin could increase the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, further decrease the oxidative stress level via increasing the expression of antioxidative stress enzymes with the increasing concentration of angiogenesis promoting factors, resulting in the protective role in cardiomyocytes and cardiac function.
α-bisabolol enhances radiotherapy-induced apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells by reducing the effect of XIAP on inhibiting caspase-3
Authors: Fang Dongmei , Wang Hongxin , Li Min , Wei Wenwen 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers in females. Although the diagnosis and treatment in early stages can greatly improve the survival rate of patients, the advanced EC still is lethal. Radiotherapy is widely used against EC, and it is a great challenge to find an effective way to overcome the resistance of EC during radiotherapy. α-bisabolol is a promising drug, which has already exhibited its anti-tumor effect in some malignancies. Here we reported that α-bisabolol could inhibit the proliferation of EC cells. It is also shown that their abilities of migration and invasion were effectively reduced by α-bisabolol. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that α-bisabolol could improve sensitivity of EC cells in radiotherapy and further inhibited the growth of EC cells. By Western blot, we found the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) and cyclin E were significantly decreased, which indicated that EC cells can be further suppressed by using α-bisabolol and radiotherapy. It is also demonstrated in our study that the rate of apoptotic cells is markedly increased in EC by using these two treatments. The significant decrease in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and increase in caspase-3 detected in our study suggested that the enhancement of apoptosis is mediated by XIAP/caspase-3 pathway, which was further confirmed by examining the downstream effectors of caspase-3, COX-2, PARP and cleaved PARP. In the present study, we demonstrated that α-bisabolol could enhance the sensitivity of EC cells to radiotherapy, which provide a novel alternative for overcoming radioresistance of EC cells and achieving a better outcome in radiotherapy.
Near- to mid-infrared spectroscopy of the heavily obscured AGN LEDA 1712304 with AKARI/IRC
Authors: Tsuchikawa T. , Kaneda H. , Oyabu S. , Kokusho T. , Morihana K. , Kobayashi H. , Yamagishi M. , Toba Y. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Although heavily obscured active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been found by many observational studies, the properties of the surrounding dust are poorly understood. Using AKARI/IRC spectroscopy, we discovered a new heavily obscured AGN in LEDA 1712304 which shows a deep spectral absorption feature due to silicate dust.
Aims. We study the infrared (IR) spectral properties of circumnuclear silicate dust in LEDA 1712304.
Methods. We performed IR spectral fitting, considering silicate dust properties such as composition, porosity, size, and crystallinity. Spectral energy distribution fitting was also performed on the flux densities in the UV to submillimeter range to investigate the global spectral properties.
Results. The best-fit model indicates 0.1 μm-sized porous amorphous olivine (Mg2xFe2−2xSiO4; x = 0.4) with 4% crystalline pyroxene. The optical depth is τsil ∼ 2.3, while the total IR luminosity and stellar mass are estimated to be LIR = (5 ± 1)×1010 L⊙ and Mstar = (2.7 ± 0.8)×109 M⊙, respectively. In such low LIR and Mstar ranges, there are few galaxies that show such a large τsil.
Conclusion. The silicate dust in the AGN torus of LEDA 1712304 has properties that are notably similar to those in other AGNs overall, but slightly different in the wing shape of the absorption profile. The porosity of the silicate dust suggests dust coagulation or processing in the circumnuclear environments, while the crystallinity suggests that the silicate dust is relatively fresh.
Kritik beim Einsatz der medikamentösen Osteoporose-Therapie
Authors: Burckhardt Peter 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungStudien über neue Medikamente für Osteoporose berichteten über die Verhütung von radiologischen Wirbelkörper (WK)-Frakturen, aber meist mit einer zu freien Definition dieser Frakturen. Radiologische Frakturen sind häufiger als die klinischen WK-Frakturen, was die Studien erleichtert, aber sie sind zu einem Drittel asymptomatisch. Die Resultate solcher Studien wurden auch oft verschönert mit der Angabe der relativen Fraktur-Verminderung, und nicht mit der wirklichen Verminderung der Frakturinzidenz. Damit konnte eine wirkliche Frakturinzidenz-Verminderung von nur 1 % als 50 % angegeben werden. Was Hüftfrakturen angeht, ist der NNT (Number Needed to Treat), die Anzahl von Patienten, die behandelt werden müssen um eine Fraktur zu verhüten, sehr oft so hoch, dass ein günstiges Kosten/Nutzen-Verhältnis fraglich wird. Meistens ist er wahrscheinlich auch zu hoch für WK-Frakturen bei Patienten ohne vorgängige WK-Fraktur. Die Erwähnung des NNT wird nicht nur von der Pharma-Industrie vermieden, sondern auch von den meisten Autoren. Weiterhin wird oft nicht das beste und preisgünstigste Medikament verschrieben (orale versus parenterale Bisphosphonate, Calcium mit Vitamin D versus Vitamin D und Calciumreiche Nahrung). Es ist auch bedauerlich, dass Fluor von der Pharma-Industrie nicht unterstützt wurde, und dass das Medikament wegen der toxischen Dosen verurteilt wurde. Die positiven Studien mit kleinen, hoch wirksamen Dosen wurden außer Acht gelassen.
Prospective Evaluation of Semiquantitative Strain Ratio and Quantitative 2D Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) in Association with TIRADS Classification for Thyroid Nodule Characterization
Authors: Cantisani Vito , David Emanuele , Grazhdani Hektor , Rubini Antonello , Radzina Maija , Dietrich Christoph F. , Durante Cosimo , Lamartina Livia , Grani Giorgio , Valeria Ascoli , Bosco Daniela , Di Gioia Cira , Frattaroli Fabrizio Maria , D'Andrea Vito , De Vito Corrado , Fresilli Daniele , D'Ambrosio Ferdinando , Giacomelli Laura , Catalano Carlo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of strain ratio elastography (SRE) and shear wave elastography (SWE) alone and in combination with Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) classification parameters to improve differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
Materials and Methods In this prospective study benign (n = 191) and malignant (n = 52) thyroid nodules were examined with high-resolution ultrasound (US) features using the TIRADS lexicon and SRE semiquantitative and SWE quantitative findings using histology or cytology as the gold standard with a 12-month follow-up. Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) and the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of each feature and combinations of the methods.
Results TIRADS score showed a sensitivity of 59.6 %, a specificity of 83.8 % with an AUROC of 0.717, a PPV of 50.0 % and an NPV of 88.4 %. SRE yielded the highest performance with a sensitivity of 82.7 %, a specificity of 92.7 % with AUROC of 0.877, a PPV 75.4 % and an NPV of 95.2 %. SWE (kPa) had a sensitivity and specificity of 67.3 % and 82.7 %, respectively, with an AUROC of 0.750, a PPV of 51.5 % and an NPV of 90.3 %. Differences were significant for SRE only but not for SWE.
Conclusion Ultrasound elastography may improve thyroid nodule discrimination. In particular, SRE has a better performance than TIRADS classification, while their combination improves sensitivity.
Update Mammakarzinom 2019 Teil 2 – Implementierung neuer Diagnostika und Therapien bei Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem Brustkrebs in der klinischen Praxis
Authors: Janni Wolfgang , Schneeweiss Andreas , Müller Volkmar , Wöckel Achim , Lux Michael P. , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Nabieva Naiba , Taran Florin-Andrei , Tesch Hans , Overkamp Friedrich , Lüftner Diana , Belleville Erik , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Fehm Tanja N. , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Ettl Johannes 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem Mammakarzinom hat sich in den letzten Jahren weiterentwickelt. Zusätzlich zum Therapiefortschritt in den etablierten Subgruppen (Hormonrezeptor- und HER2-Status) gibt es nun Therapien, die sich an einzelnen molekularen Charakteristika orientieren, wie zum Beispiel die PARP-Inhibitortherapie bei BRCA-mutierten Patientinnen. Zusätzlich dazu sind Tests in der Entwicklung, die innerhalb von Subgruppen weitere Marker etablieren sollen, um die Wirksamkeit einer Therapie vorherzusagen. Die PI3K-Mutationstestung bei HER2-negativen, hormonrezeptorpositiven Tumoren und die PD‑L1-Testung von Immunzellen bei triple-negativen Tumoren werden voraussichtlich in der klinischen Praxis etabliert, um Patientinnen für die jeweiligen Therapien auszuwählen. Mit neuen Therapieansätzen treten auch neue Nebenwirkungen auf. Das Management dieser Nebenwirkungen ebenso wie das der klassischen Therapien (supportive Therapie) ist mit der Einführung neuer Behandlungen essenziell, um die Lebensqualität der Patientinnen zu erhalten. Das Wissen über Maßnahmen zur Erhaltung und Verbesserung der Lebensqualität hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Lifestyle-Faktoren sollten dabei ebenso Berücksichtigung finden wie moderne Therapieverfahren. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die neuesten Studien und Veröffentlichungen zusammen und bewertet sie in Bezug auf die Relevanz für die klinische Praxis.
Plant Latex, from Ecological Interests to Bioactive Chemical Resources
Authors: Salomé Abarca Luis Francisco , Klinkhamer Peter G. L. , Choi Young Hae 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHistorically, latex-bearing plants have been regarded as important medicinal resources in many countries due to their characteristic latex ingredients. They have also often been endowed with a social or cultural significance in religious or cult rituals or for hunting. Initial chemical studies focused on the protein or peptide content but recently the interest extended to smaller molecules. Latex has been found to contain a broad range of specialized metabolites such as terpenoids, cardenolides, alkaloids, and phenolics, which are partly responsible for their antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, cytotoxic, and insect-repellent activities. The diversity in biology and chemistry of latexes is supposedly associated to their ecological roles in interactions with exogenous factors. Latexes contain unique compounds that are different to those found in their bearing plants. Exploring the feasibility of plant latex as a new type of bioactive chemical resource, this review paper covers the chemical characterization of plant latexes, extending this to various other plant exudates. Also, the factors influencing this chemical differentiation and the production, transportation, and chemistry of the latex exudates are described, based on ecological and biochemical mechanisms. We also proposed a latex coagulation model involving 4 general conserved steps. Therefore, the inherent defensive origin of latexes is recognized as their most valuable character and encourages one to pay attention to these materials as alternative sources to discover metabolites with insecticidal or antimicrobial activity.
Lung Disease in Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Maioli Gabriella , Calabrese Giulia , Capsoni Franco , Gerosa Maria , Meroni Pier Luigi , Chighizola Cecilia Beatrice 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an acquired prothrombotic condition characterized by vascular thrombosis and/or obstetric complications, in the persistent positivity of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). The clinical spectrum of manifestations associated with aPL positivity is progressively expanding, including the description of several lung manifestations. The most common pulmonary involvement related to aPL positivity is pulmonary embolism (PE), which has been reported to occur in 14.1% of APS patients during disease course. PE acknowledges a purely thrombotic etiology and thus might be accounted as a criterion for APS, making imperative to test aPL in young subjects with unprovoked PE. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can manifest in APS patients, being the second most common lung complication of the syndrome, with a prevalence ranging between 1.8 and 3.5%. aPL-positive patients might present PH following a PE, might develop pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with connective tissue disease, or might present pulmonary venous hypertension due to Libman–Sacks endocarditis. Additional lung manifestations, such as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary fibrosis, are rarely described in APS patients; it is still not clear whether in these settings aPLs exert a pathogenic role or is a mere epiphenomenon. Hereby we discuss impact, clinical presentation, histopathologic findings, etiology, and treatment of each aPL-associated lung manifestation.
Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features and Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease
Authors: Chernau Andrea K. , Leone Paolo M. , Swigris Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn 2015, a multidisciplinary task force comprising pulmonologists, rheumatologists, pathologists, and radiologists representing the European Respiratory Society and American Thoracic Society published a diagnostic classification schema for individuals with interstitial lung disease and autoimmune features who did not meet criteria for a defined connective tissue disease. The term interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) was applied. Classification criteria are often nonspecific, but up to 90% of subjects with IPAF have serological evidence for autoimmunity (particularly (+) antinuclear antibodies). Distinguishing patients with IPAF from idiopathic pulmonary disorders may be difficult. The natural history and appropriate management of IPAF have not been clarified, as data are largely limited to retrospective studies. In this review, we discuss the salient clinical, serologic, histologic, and radiographic features of IPAF and discuss an approach to management.