bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Sprint Performance With Inhaled Long-Acting β2-Agonists Combined With Resistance Exercise
Authors: Merlini Michele , Whyte Greg , Marcora Sam , Loosemore Mike , Chester Neil , Dickinson John 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To investigate the impact of twice-daily inhalation of 100 µg of salmeterol (SAL) or 12 µg of formoterol (FOR) in addition to a strength- and power-training program over a 5-wk period on a 30-m sprint, strength, power, mood, stress, and skinfold thickness. Methods: In a randomized, single-blind study, 23 male and 15 female nonasthmatic, recreationally active individuals were recruited (mean [SD] age 26.3 [5.4] y, weight 76.2 [11.5] kg, height 176.9 [8.5] cm). Participants completed 3 standardized whole-body strength- and power-training sessions per week for 5 wk during which they were assigned to an SAL, FOR, or placebo group. Participants used their inhaler twice per day as instructed and completed assessments of sprint, strength, and power at baseline and 1 wk after cessation of the training program. The assessments included a 30-m sprint, vertical jump, 1-repetition-maximum (1RM) bench press, 1RM leg press, peak torque flexion and extension, anthropometric evaluation, and Rest-Q questionnaires. Results: After 5 wk of strength and power training, 30-m sprint time reduced in the FOR (0.29 [0.11] s, P = .049) and SAL (0.35 [0.05] s, P = .040) groups compared with placebo (+0.01 [0.11] s). No significant change was found in other assessments of strength, mood, or skinfold thickness. Conclusions: When strength and power training are combined with the inhalation of FOR or SAL over a 5-wk period, moderately trained individuals experience an improvement in 30-m sprint performance.
Applying the Critical Power Model to a Full-Body Resistance-Training Movement
Authors: Dinyer Taylor K. , Byrd M. Travis , Vesotsky Ashley N. , Succi Pasquale J. , Bergstrom Haley C. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To determine if the mathematical model used to derive critical power could be used to identify the critical resistance (CR) for the deadlift; compare predicted and actual repetitions to failure at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% 1-repetition maximum (1RM); and compare the CR with the estimated sustainable resistance for 30 repetitions (ESR30). Methods: Twelve subjects completed 1RM testing for the deadlift followed by 4 visits to determine the number of repetitions to failure at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% 1RM. The CR was calculated as the slope of the line of the total work completed (repetitions × weight [in kilograms] × distance [in meters]) vs the total distance (in meters) the barbell traveled. The actual and predicted repetitions to failure were determined from the CR model and compared using paired-samples t tests and simple linear regression. The ESR30 was determined from the power-curve analysis and compared with the CR using paired-samples t tests and simple linear regression. Results: The weight and repetitions completed at CR were 56 (11) kg and 49 (14) repetitions. The actual repetitions to failure were less than predicted at 50% 1RM (P < .001) and 80% 1RM (P < .001) and greater at 60% 1RM (P = .004), but there was no difference at 70% 1RM (P = .084). The ESR30 (75 [14] kg) was greater (P < .001) than the CR. Conclusions: The total work-vs-distance relationship can be used to identify the CR for the deadlift, which reflected a sustainable resistance that may be useful in the design of resistance-based exercise programs.
Depression in primary care: part 1—screening and diagnosis
Authors: Ferenchick Erin K , Ramanuj Parashar , Pincus Harold Alan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDepression is a common and heterogeneous condition with a chronic and recurrent natural course that is frequently seen in the primary care setting. Primary care providers play a central role in managing depression and concurrent physical comorbidities, and they face challenges in diagnosing and treating the condition. In this two part series, we review the evidence available to help to guide primary care providers and practices to recognize and manage depression. In this first of two reviews, we outline an approach to screening and diagnosing depression in primary care that evaluates current evidence based guidelines and applies the recommendations to clinical practice. The second review presents an evidence based approach to the treatment of depression in primary care, detailing the recommended lifestyle, drug, and psychological interventions at the individual level. It also highlights strategies that are being adopted at an organizational level to manage depression more effectively in primary care.
Prognosis and NT-proBNP in heart failure patients with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Salah Khibar , Stienen Susan , Pinto Yigal M , Eurlings Luc W , Metra Marco , Bayes-Genis Antoni , Verdiani Valerio , Tijssen Jan G P , Kok Wouter E 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundWe assessed the prognostic significance of absolute and percentage change in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in patients hospitalised for acute decompensated heart failure with preservedejection fraction (HFpEF) versus heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).MethodsPatients with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50% were categorised as HFpEF (n=283), while those with <40% as were categorised as HFrEF (n=776). Prognostic values of absolute and percentage change in NT-proBNP levels for 6 months all-cause mortality after discharge were assessed separately in patients with HFpEF and HFrEF by multivariable adjusted Cox regression analysis. Comorbidities were compared between heart failure groups.ResultsDischarge NT-proBNP levels predicted outcome similarly in HFpEF and HFrEF: for any 2.7-factor increase in NT-proBNP levels, the HR for mortality was 2.14 for HFpEF (95% CI 1.48 to 3.09) and 1.96 for HFrEF (95% CI 1.60 to 2.40). Mortality prediction was equally possible for NT-proBNP reduction of ≤30% (HR 4.60, 95% CI 1.47 to 14.40 and HR 3.36, 95% CI 1.93 to 5.85 for HFpEF and HFrEF, respectively) and for >30%–60% (HR 3.28, 95% CI 1.07 to 10.12 and HR 1.79, 95% CI 0.99 to 3.26, respectively), compared with mortality in the reference groups of >60% reductions in NT-proBNP levels. Prognostically relevant comorbidities were more often present in patients with HFpEF than patients with HFrEF in low (≤3000 pg/mL) but not in high (>3000 pg/mL) NT-proBNP discharge categories.ConclusionsOur study highlights—after demonstrating that NT-proBNP levels confer the same relative risk information in HFpEF as in HFrEF—the possibility that comorbidities contribute relatively more to prognosis in patients with HFpEF with lower NT-proBNP levels than in patients with HFrEF.
Cardiovascular health and sleep disturbances in two population-based cohort studies
Authors: Hausler Nadine , Lisan Quentin , Van Sloten Thomas , Haba-Rubio Jose , Perier Marie-Cécile , Thomas Frédérique , Danchin Nicolas , Guibout Catherine , Boutouyrie Pierre , Heinzer Raphael , Jouven Xavier , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Empana Jean-Philippe 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular health (CVH), as defined by the American Heart Association, and several sleep disturbances.MethodsTwo community-based cohorts, the Paris Prospective Study 3 (PPS3, France, n=6441) and the CoLaus study (Switzerland, n=2989) were analysed. CVH includes 7 metrics which all can be classified as poor, intermediate and ideal. Global CVH score was categorised into poor (0–2 ideal metrics), intermediate (3–4 ideal metrics) and ideal (≥5 ideal metrics). Associations between global CVH and self-reported sleep disturbances (proxy of sleep-disordered breathing [SDB], excessive daytime sleepiness, insomnia symptoms and short/long sleep duration) and SDB severity measured by polysomnography (PSG) were investigated. Adjusted OR/relative risk ratio (RRR) and 95% CIs were estimated. Subjects with previous cardiovascular disease were excluded.ResultsCompared with poor CVH, subjects with intermediate and ideal global CVH had lower odds of self-reported SDB in both cohorts (ORs 0.55; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.68 and 0.35; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.53, respectively) and had lower SDB severity measured by PSG (RRR 0.07; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.20) in CoLaus. Subjects with intermediate and ideal global CVH had lower odds of excessive daytime sleepiness in PPS3 (ORs 0.82; 0.72 to 0.95 and 0.80; 0.82 to 1.02, respectively). No consistent associations were found between CVH and sleep duration or insomnia symptoms.ConclusionsHigher levels of CVH are associated with lower odds of SDB and excessive daytime sleepiness. However, causal interpretation cannot be made and associations might be bidirectional.
Impact of the NHS Stop Smoking Services on smoking prevalence in England: a simulation modelling evaluation
Authors: Song Fujian , Elwell-Sutton Tim , Naughton Felix 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe English National Health Service NHS Stop Smoking Services (SSS), established in 2001, were the first such services in the world. An appropriate evaluation of the SSS has national and international significance. This modelling study sought to evaluate the impact of the SSS on changes in smoking prevalence in England.MethodsA discrete time state-transition model was developed to simulate changes in smoking status among the adult population in England during 2001–2016. Input parameters were based on data from national statistics, population representative surveys and published literature. The main outcome was the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence attributable to the SSS.ResultsSmoking prevalence was reduced by 10.8 % in absolute terms during 2001–2016 in England, and 15.3 % of the reduction could be attributable to the SSS. The percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence each year was on average 0.72%, and 0.11 % could be attributable to the SSS. The proportion of SSS supported quit attempts increased from 5.5 % in 2001, to as high as 18.9 % in 2011, and then reduced to 8.2 % in 2016. Quit attempts with SSS support had a higher success rate than those without SSS support (15.1% vs 11.3%). Smoking prevalence in England continued to decline after the SSS was much reduced from 2013 onwards.ConclusionsApproximately 15% of the percentage point reduction in smoking prevalence during 2001–2016 in England may be attributable to the NHS SSS, although uncertainty remains regarding the actual impact of the formal smoking cessation services.
Reheating constraints on Kähler moduli inflation
Authors: Kabir Rakesh , Mukherjee Amitabha , Lohiya Daksh 
Published: April 2019

The end of inflation is connected to the standard cosmological scenario through reheating. During reheating, the inflaton oscillates around the minimum of the potential and thus decays into the daughter particles that populate the Universe at later times. Using cosmological evolution for observable CMB scales from the time of Hubble crossing to the present time, we translate the constraint on the spectral index [Formula: see text] from Planck data to the constraint on the reheating scenario in the context of Kähler moduli inflation. We find that the equation of state parameter plays a crucial role in the reheating analysis, however the details of the one parameter potential are irrelevant if the analysis is done strictly within the slow-roll formalism. In addition, we extend the de facto analysis generally done only for the pivot scale to all the observable scales which crossed the Hubble radius during inflation, where we study how the maximum number of e-folds varies for different scales, and the effect of the equation of state and potential parameters.
Electronic and optical properties of Ge-doped silica optical fiber
Authors: Guan Xiaoning , Zhang Ru , Jia Baonan , Chen Xi , Yan Binbin , Peng Gang-Ding , Li Shanjun , Lu Pengfei 
Published: April 2019

Electronic and optical properties of Germanium-doped (Ge-doped) silica optical fiber are investigated by employing first-principle methods. The substitution of a Ge atom with a Silicon (Si) atom or an Oxygen (O) atom in different “Si–O–Si” membered rings is analyzed. Compared with the experimental data observed at around 5 eV, our calculated results reveal that the characteristic absorption peak at 5.12 eV may be caused by Si–Ge–Si defect in 5-membered ring (5MR). Our study of Ge-doped approach in different ring structures will be useful in the application of Ge-doped optical fiber sensing.
THE EFFECT OF GOVERNANCE ON FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN LATIN AMERICA — ISSUES OF MODEL SELECTION
Authors: BIRO FLORA PANNA , ERDEY LASZLO , GALL JOZSEF , MARKUS ADAM 
Published: April 2019

This paper examines the impact of good governance on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the Latin American countries. Even though the FDI inflows in the region are relatively high, which can be explained by the level of development of the target countries, their connections with developed countries and the available natural resources, only a few papers have examined what kind of other factors make these countries more attractive for foreign investments. This study has two main goals. First, the gravity model is used to show whether the quality of governance measured by any of the World Governance Indicators (WGI) affects the inward FDI in Latin America. Second, following the recent trend in the gravity literature, the performance of different ordinary least squares (OLS) specifications are tested and compared to the Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood (PPML) estimator which is a natural alternative approach. Results according to the most efficient estimation show that good governance is mostly a factor of attractiveness but its significance depends on which indicator is used to proxy it. Our analysis also demonstrates that using a truncation on the sample or manipulating the data by adding a small number to the dependent variable makes the OLS parameter estimates extremely sensitive and yields biased, inconsistent, and inefficient results together with bad estimation of total FDI. Furthermore, the PPML method provides far better value for several indicators of goodness of fit. Thus, we argue that the PPML method should be preferred not just in trade but also in FDI gravity models.
Inhibition of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 14 Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Synergizes with Chemotherapeutic Agents in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhao Yanling , Fan Yihui , Chen Zhenghu , Li Hui , Lu Jiaxiong , Guo Kevin , Woodfield Sarah E. , Vasudevan Sanjeev A. , Yang Jianhua , Nuchtern Jed G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant solid tumor in children, and drug resistance is a major reason for poor outcomes. Elevated proteasome activity plays an important role in neuroblastoma tumor development and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Ubiquitin-specific protease 14 (USP14), one of three deubiquitinases associated with the regulatory subunit of the proteasome, is emerging as a potential therapeutic target in multiple tumor types. However, the role of USP14 in neuroblastoma is yet to be elucidated. We found that USP14 inhibition in neuroblastoma via knockdown or a specific inhibitor such as b-AP15 suppressed cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis. Furthermore, b-AP15 significantly inhibited neuroblastoma tumor growth in NGP and SH-SY5Y xenograft mouse models. For combination treatment, b-AP15 plus conventional chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin or VP-16 resulted in synergistic antitumor effects on neuroblastoma. Our study demonstrates that USP14 is required for cell viability and is a novel therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Moreover, USP14 inhibition may add value in combination therapy due to its powerful synergistic effects in treating neuroblastoma.
Manipulation of Cell-Type Selective Antibody Internalization by a Guide-Effector Bispecific Design
Authors: Lee Nam-Kyung , Su Yang , Bidlingmaier Scott , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cell-type–specific intracellular payload delivery is desired for antibody-based–targeted therapy development. However, tumor-specific internalizing antigens are rare to find, and even rarer for those that are expressed at uniformly high levels. We constructed a bispecific antibody that is composed of a rapidly internalizing antibody binding to a tumor-associated antigen, ephrin receptor A2 (EphA2), and a noninternalizing antibody binding to a highly expressed tumor-associated antigen, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). We found that the overall internalization property of the bispecific is profoundly impacted by the relative surface expression level (antigen density ratio) of EphA2 versus ALCAM. When the EphA2-to-ALCAM ratio is greater than a threshold level (1:5), the amount of the bispecific taken into the tumor cell exceeds what is achieved by either the monoclonal internalizing antibody or a mixture of the two antibodies, showing a bispecific-dependent amplification effect where a small amount of the internalizing antigen EphA2 induces internalization of a larger amount of the noninternalizing antigen ALCAM. When the ratio is below the threshold, EphA2 can be rendered noninternalizing by the presence of excess ALCAM on the same cell surface. We constructed a bispecific antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) based on the above bispecific design and found that the bispecific ADC is more potent than monospecific ADCs in tumor cell killing both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the internalizing property of a cell surface antigen can be manipulated in either direction by a neighboring antigen, and this phenomenon can be exploited for therapeutic targeting.
Safety and Outcomes of Tenecteplase in Moderate and Severe Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kvistad Christopher Elnan , Novotny Vojtech , Kurz Martin Wilhelm , Rønning Ole Morten , Thommessen Bente , Carlsson Maria , Waje-Andreassen Ulrike , Næss Halvor , Thomassen Lars , Logallo Nicola 
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—
Tenecteplase represents a promising alternative to alteplase as thrombolytic treatment in acute ischemic stroke. There are limited data on tenecteplase 0.4 mg/kg in patients with increased stroke severity. We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of tenecteplase 0.4 mg/kg in patients with moderate and severe ischemic stroke.

Methods—
NOR-TEST (Norwegian Tenecteplase Stroke Trial) was a phase III trial designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of tenecteplase 0.4 mg/kg versus alteplase 0.9 mg/kg in ischemic stroke. In this post hoc analysis, moderate stroke was defined as admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; 6 to 14 and severe stroke as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ≥15. Rates of favorable outcome at 90 days, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality after 7 and 90 days were assessed.

Results—

In patients with moderate stroke (n=261), there were no differences in rates of favorable outcome, sICH, or mortality between tenecteplase and alteplase. In patients with severe stroke (n=87), there were no differences in outcome, frequency of sICH, or mortality at 7 days, but all-cause mortality at 90 days was increased in patients treated with tenecteplase (10 [26.3%] versus 4 [9.1%];
P
=0.045). One patient died of sICH in the tenecteplase group, and 2 patients died of sICH in the alteplase group.

Conclusions—
Rates of favorable outcome and sICH were similar between treatment groups in patients with moderate and severe stroke. Mortality after 90 days was increased in patients with severe stroke receiving tenecteplase. Future studies assessing tenecteplase 0.4 mg/kg should monitor safety parameters closely in patients with severe stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01949948.
Reframing the Politics of Aesthetic Appropriation in the late-Nahḍah Novel: The Case of “Plagiarism” in Ibrāhīm al-Māzinī’s Ibrāhīm al-kātib
Authors: Paniconi Maria Elena 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In his novel Ibrāhīm al-kātib (Ibrāhīm the Writer, 1931) the Egyptian poet, narrator, and humorist Ibrāhīm al-Māzinī borrowed several passages from his own translation—via English—of the Russian novel Sanin, by Mikhail Petrovich Artsybashev, which he had published in 1922 under the title Sanīn aw Ibn al-ṭabī‘ah (Sanīn, or The Son of Nature). In this article, I analyze several personal authorial accounts, including the introduction to the first edition of the novel Ibrāhīm al-kātib (1931), in which the author develops the idea of creative writing and translation as a mechanical process of filling in the gaps of a “lost original.” Alongside literary allegations raised by critics against al-Māzinī soon after the publication of Ibrāhīm al-kātib, I recontextualize this issue of self-borrowing in the light of two parallel processes: the changing politics of intertextual practices that took place in Egypt during the first quarter of the twentieth century; and the rise of concepts as “Egyptianness” and “aṣālah” (cultural authenticity), key ideas to a national canon. Both Sanīn aw Ibn al-ṭabī‘ah and the (partially) re-written Ibrāhīm al-kātib, are the outcome of a process of adaptation, in which translation, intertextuality, literary borrowing and manipulation of the text constitute a common working practice and are not isolated incidents in the author/translator’s career.
Sovereign, Saint, and City: Honor and Reuse of Textiles in the Treasury of San Isidoro (Leon)
Authors: Feliciano María Judith 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The textiles currently housed in the treasury of the collegiate church of San Isidoro de León are part of a centuries-long process of collecting relics at the heart of an emblematic royal mausoleum. Instead of studying them through the prism of the “charter of 1063,” this investigation proposes a wider look at the place of luxurious textiles in Castile and León before and after the arrival of Saint Isidore’s relics. What emerges is an intricate relationship between the mythification of the city of León as a civitas regia, the Leonese monarchy’s concept of antiquity in legitimizing their rule, and the refinement associated with the royal court and its sacred performance of the cults of saints.
A Gnostic History of Religions
Authors: Robertson David G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
April DeConick’s The Gnostic New Age demonstrates that scholarship of Gnosticism is still entrenched in an Eliadian phenomenological paradigm which essentializes an ahistorical sui generis “Gnosis”. This approach is traceable to the Eranos Circle, particularly Carl G. Jung and Gilles Quispel, and builds certain philosophical and psychoanalytical affinities into an ahistorical religious current. DeConick’ comparison with New Age is tenuous, and misses the important fact that Gnosticism and New Age share specific genealogical antecedents. Interdisciplinary work needs to pay more attention to the theological and colonial implications of categories, or such problematic categories will continue to take root in the gaps between academic specialisms.