bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐presentational motives and public self‐consciousness: Why do people dress a certain way?
Authors: Nezlek John B. , Mochort Emilia , Cypryańska Marzena 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the self‐presentational motives underlying people’s selection of their daily dress and relationships between these motives and public self‐consciousness.MethodParticipants in this study, 61 working adults, described their motives for choosing what they wore each day for 2 weeks. They also provided trait‐level measures of self‐consciousness, social anxiety, and self‐monitoring.ResultsMultilevel modeling analyses found positive relationships between public self‐consciousness and the strength of various self‐presentational motives for why people chose the clothes they wore each day. In contrast, there were few relationships between the strength of these motives and private self‐consciousness, social anxiety, and self‐monitoring. Participants felt better about themselves when they received compliments from others about their attire and when they were more (vs. less) satisfied with how they had dressed each day.ConclusionsThe results suggest that dispositional public self‐consciousness manifests itself in daily life in the form of motives for choosing daily attire, specifically for motives that involve self‐presentation.
Direct and indirect caecotrophy behaviour in paca (Cuniculus paca)
Authors: Guerra Aldrigui Leticia , Nogueira‐Filho Sergio L. G. , Altino Vanessa Souza , Mendes Alcester , Clauss Marcus , Nogueira Selene S. d. C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe colonic separation mechanism in lagomorphs and some rodents, associated with caecotrophy, serves to retain microbial protein. As tropical fruits have low protein concentrations, caecotrophy could be an important microbial protein source in frugivorous rodents such as the paca (Cuniculus paca). Due to conflicting reports on the occurrence of caecotrophy in this species, we obtained digestive tracts of three adult animals and observed the behaviour of four specimens maintained on a diet of a pelleted feed (P) and a supplemental mix of fruits and sweet potato (S, a source of structural fibre). In a Latin square design, P and S were both offered either in the morning (M) or in the afternoon (A), or with one item in the morning and the other in the afternoon (SP or PS). The paca's proximal colon is characterized by a distinct furrow typical for the colonic separation mechanism of hystricomorph rodents. Caecotrophy, both “direct” (from the anus) and “indirect” (from a pile of defecated faeces), was a regular component of the paca's behavioural repertoire, and caecotrophs contained more nitrogen and less fibre than hard faeces. Higher food intake led to less overall caecotrophy. With afternoon feeding of S, the onset of caecotrophy was delayed and the proportion of indirect caecotrophy increased, with hard faeces and caecotrophs often defecated together. No indirect caecotrophy occurred on treatment M. The results suggest that the time available after ingestion of structural fibre determines the efficiency of the colonic mechanism for the separation of hard faeces and caecotrophs.
Weight loss improves arterial blood gases and respiratory parameters in obese dogs
Authors: Pereira‐Neto Gláucia B. , Brunetto Márcio A. , Oba Patrícia M. , Champion Tatiana , Villaverde Cecilia , Vendramini Thiago H. A. , Balieiro Julio C. C. , Carciofi Aulus C. , Camacho Aparecido A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCanine obesity is a common medical disorder and a known risk factor for associated diseases; it can seriously influence various physiological functions, thereby limiting the longevity of the animal. In this study, we evaluated potential respiratory alterations in obese dogs before and after being subjected to caloric restriction to decrease their body weight by 20%, and compared those dogs with control dogs with ideal body condition score. The animals were divided into three experimental groups:GI(obese dogs;n = 11);GII(obese dogs after weight loss, same animals as inGI);GIII(control dogs;n = 11). We evaluated lung function by spirometry and arterial blood gases. Statistical analysis included paired or non‐paired Student'sttest. Compared with dogs within an ideal body condition score (GIII), obese dogs (GI) had a low arterial partial pressure of oxygen (p < 0.05); decreased tidal volume (p < 0.005), inspiratory time and expiratory time (p < 0.05); and an increased respiratory rate (p < 0.005). After losing weight (GII), no differences with control dogs (GIII) were verified. The results suggested that obese dogs have an improvement in respiratory function with weight loss, but further investigations in a larger group of dogs are advised to confirm these findings.
Exploring the generic delimitation of Phyllagathis and Bredia (Melastomataceae): A combined nuclear and chloroplast DNA analysis
Authors: Zhou Qiu‐Jie , Lin Che‐Wei , Dai Jin‐Hong , Zhou Ren‐Chao , Liu Ying 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPhyllagathis Blume and Bredia Blume (Sonerileae s.l., Melastomataceae) are two closely related Asian genera with similar morphology and overlapping geographical range. Their generic circumscription and phylogenetic relationships are far from fully understood. We present here a molecular phylogenetic investigation for the two genera using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast (trnV‐trnM) sequence data. Seventeen genera of Sonerileae s.l. were included in the analyses, with Phyllagathis and Bredia densely sampled to cover their geographical range and morphological diversity. We identified 14 well supported species clusters within Sonerileae s.l.–Medinilla. Phylogenetic analyses together with reconstruction of morphological characters clearly indicated the taxonomic mess in generic delimitation of Sonerileae s.l. Many of the characters traditionally used in generic delimitation were highly homoplasious. Bredia and Phyllagathis, as well as Allomorphia, Anerincleistus, Fordiophyton, and Oxyspora, were revealed to be non‐monophyletic. Bredia, as currently defined, contains two groups of species with different phylogenetic affiliations. Bredia should be recircumscribed to exclude the Bredia–Phyllagathis clade I and accommodate the Bredia–Phyllagathis clade II as the type of the genus is included in the latter clade. Most species sampled in Phyllagathis spread across eight well supported clades throughout the phylogenetic tree. The type of Phyllagathis showed no close affiliation with other members of Phyllagathis nor its putative relatives. Phyllagathis, as presently circumscribed, is heterogeneous, encompassing multiple evolutionary lineages. As sequence data of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast trnV‐trnM failed to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among these lineages, the formal taxonomic adjustment of Phyllagathis is postponed until further evidence can be gathered.
A Boolean Networks Approach to Modeling and Resilience Analysis of Interdependent Critical Infrastructures
Authors: Galbusera Luca , Giannopoulos Georgios , Argyroudis Sotiris , Kakderi Kalliopi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, we propose a dynamic Boolean network‐type mathematical representation of networked critical infrastructures under stress. Our formulation is obtained as a threshold‐based approximation of a discrete‐time switched system meant to describe failure and recovery phases that may span considerably different time periods. The formalism can incorporate mitigating factors, resource constraints, and allocation strategies affecting the response of the system and the unfolding of restoration processes. As such, the tool may inform both contingency planning and consequence assessment. We also discuss an illustrative case study concerning the recovery process of selected infrastructures of the Thessaloniki Port in an earthquake scenario. Simulations are performed for assigned parameter distributions associated with the different operational modes. Finally, a performance loss indicator is computed to assess the overall service perturbation affecting the system. For the needs of this analysis, fragility curves have been selected from the literature, whereas restoration curves, recovery priorities, classification of components, and other modeling variables have been defined in collaboration with the local Port Authority.
Massive up‐regulation of LBD transcription factors and EXPANSINs highlights the regulatory programs of rhizomania disease
Authors: Fernando Gil Jose , Liebe Sebastian , Thiel Heike , Lennefors Britt‐Louise , Kraft Thomas , Gilmer David , Maiss Edgar , Varrelmann Mark , Savenkov Eugene I. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryRhizomania of sugar beet, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is characterized by excessive lateral root (LR) formation leading to dramatic reduction of taproot weight and massive yield losses. LR formation represents a developmental process tightly controlled by auxin signaling through AUX/IAA‐ARF responsive module and LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) transcriptional network. Several LBD transcription factors play central roles in auxin‐regulated LR development and act upstream of EXPANSINS (EXPs), cell wall (CW)‐loosening proteins involved in plant development via disruption of the extracellular matrix for CW relaxation and expansion. Here, we present evidence that BNYVV hijacks these auxin‐regulated pathways resulting in formation LR and root hairs (RH). We identified an AUX/IAA protein (BvAUX28) as interacting with P25, a viral virulence factor. Mutational analysis indicated that P25 interacts with domains I and II of BvAUX28. Subcellular localization of co‐expressed P25 and BvAUX28 showed that P25 inhibits BvAUX28 nuclear localization. Moreover, root‐specific LBDs and EXPs were greatly upregulated during rhizomania development. Based on these data, we present a model in which BNYVV P25 protein mimics action of auxin by removing BvAUX28 transcriptional repressor, leading to activation of LBDs and EXPs. Thus, the evidence highlights two pathways operating in parallel and leading to uncontrolled formation of LRs and RHs, the main manifestation of the rhizomania syndrome.
Why Maximize Expected Choice‐Worthiness?1
Authors: MacAskill William , Ord Toby 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper argues in favor of a particular account of decision‐making under normative uncertainty: that, when it is possible to do so, one shouldmaximize expected choice‐worthiness. Though this position has been often suggested in the literature and is often taken to be the ‘default’ view, it has so far received little in the way of positive argument in its favor. After dealing with some preliminaries and giving the basic motivation for taking normative uncertainty into account in our decision‐making, we consider and provide new arguments against two rival accounts that have been offered—the accounts that we call ‘My Favorite Theory’ and ‘My Favorite Option’. We then give a novel argument forcomparativism—the view that, under normative uncertainty, one should take into account both probabilities of different theories and magnitudes of choice‐worthiness. Finally, we further argue in favor of maximizing expected choice‐worthiness and consider and respond to five objections.
Bounded set of economic uncertainty and robust viability: An illustration from farming systems
Authors: Bates Samuel , Angeon Valérie , Désilles Anna , Saint‐Pierre Patrick 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUncertainty occupies a major place in the literature, both when it is being defined and when it is being measured. The mathematical viability theory framework provides useful concepts to go beyond the probabilistic views of uncertainty that are not able to capture all forms of uncertainty, particularly in the absence of statistical regularities. Bounded‐set uncertainty can help to analyze changes in the evolutionary conditions that affect ecological and social systems with probabilistic or nonprobabilistic distributions. This paper introduces uncertainty into a viability model by associating stochastic and bounded‐set uncertainty related to sales price as a driver of economic uncertainty. Based on an illustration of agroecosystems, the model identifies decision rules that guarantee viability. The larger the initial crop portfolio for sequential diversification is, the lower the costs to belong to the viability kernels will be, regardless of economic and environmental constraints. The diversification of farming systems transforms their complexity into an advantage against uncertainty, which opens up numerous viability trajectories.Recommedations for Resource Managers
Considering the relevance of a bounded set of economic uncertainty, restoring soil quality and choosing diversification guarantee viability and allow a single generation of farmers to relax both their environmental and economic constraints.
When the time available to conform to both their environmental and economic constraints decreases, sequential diversification can be used as a tool to relax the economic constraint of self‐financing soil restoration.
Sequential diversification is an asset, especially for low‐quality soil. Even under uncertainty and very low soil quality, diversification drastically reduces the value‐at‐risk for viable farming investment.
Eligibility for agricultural subsidies should be conditional on soil quality to motivate practices of soil restoration that provide a sort of insurance against economic uncertainty.
Early life adversity and health‐risk behaviors: proposed psychological and neural mechanisms
Authors: Duffy Korrina A. , McLaughlin Katie A. , Green Paige A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEarly life adversity (ELA) is associated with poorer health in adulthood, an association explained, at least in part, by increased engagement in health‐risk behaviors (HRBs). In this review, we make the case that ELA influences brain development in ways that increase the likelihood of engaging in HRBs. We argue that ELA alters neural circuitry underpinning cognitive control as well as emotional processing, including networks involved in processing threat and reward. These neural changes are associated psychologically and behaviorally with heightened emotional reactivity, blunted reward responsivity, poorer emotion regulation, and greater delay discounting. We then demonstrate that these adaptations to ELA are associated with an increased risk of smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and eating high‐fat, high‐sugar foods. Furthermore, we explore how HRBs affect the brain in ways that reinforce addiction and further explain clustering of HRBs.
Relationship of MR imaging of submandibular glands to hyposalivation in Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Kojima Ikuho , Sakamoto Maya , Iikubo Masahiro , Shimada Yusuke , Nishioka Takashi , Sasano Takashi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe analysed the correlation between magnetic resonance images of the parotid and submandibular glands and the salivary flow rate in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed magnetic resonance images (heterogeneous signal‐intensity distribution and gland volume on T1‐ and fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images, and multiple high‐signal‐intensity spots on magnetic resonance sialograms in the parotid and submandibular glands) obtained from 66 patients who were diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome. We evaluated the relationship between these imaging features and their salivary flow rates in stimulated and unstimulated conditions.ResultsWe found that as the disease progressed, both the heterogeneous signal‐intensity distribution and the volumes of the parotid and the submandibular glands were significantly related to the stimulated and the unstimulated salivary flow rate. These imaging features were more highly correlated in assessments of the submandibular gland than in those of the parotid gland for both stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates.ConclusionsMagnetic resonance image features of heterogeneity and smaller volume in the submandibular gland are reliable for predicting hyposalivation related to the progression of Sjögren's syndrome.
Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits M2 activation of macrophages by suppressing α‐ketoglutarate production in mice
Authors: Yu S. , Ding L. , Liang D. , Luo L. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryReprograming of metabolic pathways is critical in governing the polarization of macrophages into classical proinflammatory M1 or alternative anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotypes in metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen of periodontitis, causes an imbalance in M1/M2 activation, resulting in a hyperinflammatory environment that promotes the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, whether P. gingivalis infection modulates metabolic pathways to alter macrophage polarization remains unclear. Bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) were collected from 6‐week‐old female C57BL/6 mice and stimulated with P. gingivalis, P. gingivalis‐derived LPS or IL‐4. Relative gene expression and protein production were measured by quantitative real‐time PCR, RNA sequencing and western blotting. Colorimetric assays were also performed to assess the amounts of α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) and succinate. P. gingivalis or P. gingivalis‐derived LPS‐induced inflammatory responses enhanced M1 macrophages and suppressed M2 macrophages, even in the presence of IL‐4. P. gingivalis inhibited Idh1/2 and Gpt1/2 mRNA expression, and increased Akgdh mRNA expression, thus decreasing the ratio of α‐KG/succinate. Supplementation of cell‐permeable dimethyl‐α‐KG dramatically restored M2 activation during P. gingivalis infection. Our study suggests that P. gingivalis maintains a hyperinflammatory state by suppressing the production of α‐KG by M2 macrophages.
The mosasaur fossil record through the lens of fossil completeness
Authors: Driscoll Daniel A. , Dunhill Alexander M. , Stubbs Thomas L. , Benton Michael J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe quality of the fossil record affects our understanding of macroevolutionary patterns. Palaeodiversity is filtered through geological and human processes; efforts to correct for these biases are part of a debate concerning the role of sampling proxies and standardization in biodiversity models. We analyse the fossil record of mosasaurs in terms of fossil completeness as a measure of fossil quality, using three novel, correlating metrics of fossil completeness and 4083 specimens. A new qualitative measure of character completeness (QCM) correlates with the phylogenetic character completeness metric. Mean completeness by species decreases with specimen count; average completeness by substage varies significantly. Mean specimen completeness is higher for species‐named fossils than those identified to genus and family. We consider the effect of tooth‐only specimens. Importantly, we find that completeness of species does not correlate with completeness of specimens. Completeness varies by palaeogeography: North American specimens show higher completeness than those from Eurasia and Gondwana. These metrics can be used to identify exceptional preservation; specimen completeness varies significantly by both formation and lithology. The Belgian Ciply Formation displays the highest completeness; clay lithologies show higher completeness values. Neither species diversity nor sea level correlates significantly with fossil completeness. A generalized least squares (GLS) analysis using multiple variables agrees with this result, but reveals two variables with significant predictive value for modelling averaged diversity: sea level, and mosasaur and plesiosaur‐bearing formations (the latter is redundant with diversity). Mosasaur completeness is not driven by sea level, nor does completeness limit the mosasaur diversity signal.
Regional impacts of global climate change: a local humid phase in central Iberia in a late Miocene drying world
Authors: De Miguel Daniel , Azanza Beatriz , Morales Jorge 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe end of the Miocene was an eventful period of changes in climate and geography, and a restructuring of terrestrial plant and mammals. The tendency towards global aridification has attracted much recent interest, making the late Miocene a striking case‐study for testing current and near‐future scenarios involving global warming. Little is known about the consequences of global changes in temperature and precipitation at regional or local scales. Given its geographical position and extraordinary fossil record, the Iberian Peninsula offers many insights into short‐ and long‐term shifts in climate, and the local response. Here, we explore the diet and ecology of large‐mammals through tooth‐wear patterns, and examine changes in local climate and habitat conditions in central Spain in a period (9.1–6.3 Ma) for which there exists a dearth of palaeoenvironmental information. Relatively dry climates and open‐woodland landscapes evolved locally during the late Vallesian and early Turolian (9.0–7.7 Ma). Unexpectedly, we detect a period of high precipitation and a peak of humidity at the end of the Turolian (7.0 Ma) that prompted the development of wetter, more forested habitats, suggesting that the traditional view of the late Miocene as a steppe landscape is a misconception. We also find a period of relatively drier and warmer conditions from the early Ventian onwards. Overall, our finding that a local episode of increased humidity in central Spain was synchronous with a global warming trend in Europe provides evidence that the greatest climatic changes may have an opposite impact at regional and local scales.
Scalable individual tree delineation in 3D point clouds
Authors: Wang Jinhu , Lindenbergh Roderik , Menenti Massimo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractManually monitoring and documenting trees is labour intensive. Lidar provides a possible solution for automatic tree‐inventory generation. Existing approaches for segmenting trees from original point cloud data lack scalable and efficient methods that separate individual trees sampled by different laser‐scanning systems with sufficient quality under all circumstances. In this study a new algorithm for efficient individual tree delineation from lidar point clouds is presented and validated. The proposed algorithm first resamples the points using cuboid (modified voxel) cells. Consecutively connected cells are accumulated by vertically traversing cell layers. Trees in close proximity are identified, based on a novel cell‐adjacency analysis. The scalable performance of this algorithm is validated on airborne, mobile and terrestrial laser‐scanning point clouds. Validation against ground truth demonstrates an improvement from 89% to 94% relative to a state‐of‐the‐art method while computation time is similar.