bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alopecia areata treated with hydroxychloroquine: A retrospective study of nine pediatric cases
Authors: Yun Duri , Silverberg Nanette B. , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAlopecia areata is a common hair loss condition that is often emotionally devastating for patients. There is a paucity of effective treatments available. Hydroxychloroquine has been reported as variably effective in inducing significant hair regrowth in adults with alopecia areata. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the benefit and tolerability of hydroxychloroquine in pediatric alopecia areata.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of nine children with a history of alopecia areata treated with hydroxychloroquine. Clinical data were obtained from patients treated at two tertiary care centers in the United States between July 1, 2013, and July 1, 2015.ResultsAlopecia scores of five patients improved by 6 months of treatment. Four patients experienced no improvement from baseline evaluation. The most common side effect associated with treatment was gastrointestinal intolerance and headache.ConclusionThis retrospective series suggests that hydroxychloroquine can be considered as a treatment option for alopecia areata in children.
Usefulness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of subcutaneous granuloma annulare
Authors: Vázquez‐Osorio Igor , Quevedo Andrés , Rodríguez‐Vidal Adriana , Rodríguez‐Díaz Eloy 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSubcutaneous granuloma annulare is a benign inflammatory disorder that primarily affects healthy children and manifests as a rapidly growing, painless, nonmobile mass, most commonly located in the leg. The current case highlights the sonographic appearance of subcutaneous granuloma annulare. Ultrasound color Doppler is a helpful noninvasive imaging test that may allow physicians to confirm the diagnosis of subcutaneous granuloma annulare and avoid unnecessary medical procedures.
Changes in left ventricular strain parameters following pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: Godown Justin , Dodd Debra A. , Stanley Michael , Havens Corey , Xu Meng , Slaughter James C. , Bearl David W. , Soslow Jonathan H. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSTE is increasingly utilized to assess strain in a variety of pathologies. Strain measurements have demonstrated utility following HTx and may aid in the detection of rejection and CAV. Strain parameters have not been well defined in the pediatric HTx population. This study aimed to describe strain in pediatric HTx recipients compared to controls and assess changes over time. All pediatric HTx recipients with available echocardiograms (2004‐2015) without rejection or CAV were identified. Longitudinal and circumferential strain was measured at <1 month, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years post‐transplant and compared to controls. A total of 218 echocardiograms were analyzed in 79 HTx recipients. At <1 month post‐transplant, there was a significant decrement in longitudinal strain (GLS −14.6 vs −19.2, P < .001) with concurrent augmentation of circumferential strain (GCS −27.3 vs −24.3, P = .005). By 1 year post‐HTx, all strain parameters normalized and were not significantly different from the control population. In the absence of graft complications, strain parameters did not change up to 5 years post‐transplant. Abnormal longitudinal strain parameters are present in the early post‐HTx period with a compensatory increase in circumferential strain. These changes normalize by 1 year post‐transplant and do not change over time in the absence of graft complications.
Body‐Worn Cameras and Policing: A List Experiment of Citizen Overt and True Support
Authors: Bromberg Daniel E. , Charbonneau Étienne , Smith Andrew 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Police body‐worn cameras (BWCs) have gained popularity in recent years. However, many minimize the complexity of this transparency initiative and elevate the potential benefits. While BWCs can promote police accountability, they may also reduce citizen trust in police organizations. For BWCs to achieve win‐win solutions, police organizations should determine the level of citizen support for specific BWC practices. However, measuring citizen support presents several challenges. Social desirability may impact polling results, as participants underreport responses they perceive to be outside the norm. The authors employ a list experiment design to measure true citizen support for BWC practices. They find statistically significant levels of social desirability for police discretion in the activation of BWCs and for restriction of footage accessibility regarding suspects with mental illness. Decision makers should not rely on public opinion polls as a gauge of true citizen support for BWC use.
Inhibition of PSMD4 alters ZP1 ubiquitination state and sperm–oocyte‐binding ability in pigs
Authors: Xuan B , Li ZC , Wang QY , Xu M , Chen X , Jin Y 
Published: March 2018

Contents
The aim of this study was to determine how the duration of culture affects the ubiquitination of zona pellucida (ZP) proteins (ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3) during porcine oocyte maturation in vitro. We analysed the changes in ZP protein ubiquitination under three conditions: (i) during oocyte maturation from stage GV to MII; (ii) in oocytes cultured for different periods of time; and (iii) in oocytes treated with an antibody against PSMD4. Our results show that ZP1 and ZP2 are ubiquitinated at the GV stage, while ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 are ubiquitinated at the MII stage, and band intensities for these proteins were significantly different between the GV and MII stages (p < .05). We also found that ubiquitination occurs in ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 after cultured for 46, 52, 58 and 64 hr, and that the level of ubiquitinated ZP1 was significantly different in oocytes that were cultured for different time periods. Finally, treatment with an antibody against PSMD4 resulted in a significant decrease in ZP1 ubiquitination (p < .05), without affecting ZP2 or ZP3. The number of attached sperms per oocyte was also significantly different between control and anti‐PSMD4‐treated groups. Thus, we concluded that ZP1 and ZP2 are ubiquitinated at the GV stage, and ZP1, ZP2 and ZP3 are ubiquitinated at the MII stage. As the duration of culture increases, the ubiquitination levels of ZP proteins decrease. We also found that PSMD4 improves ZP1 ubiquitination during in vitro culture of porcine oocytes and effectively inhibits sperm–oocyte binding.
Performance of the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire in patients with connective tissue disease‐associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Swigris Jeffrey J. , Ando Masahiko , Kimura Tomoki , Kataoka Kensuke , Yamano Yasuhiko , Furukawa Taiki , Numata Mari , Sakamoto Koji , Hasegawa Yoshinori 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) is a self‐administered questionnaire used to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in various chronic respiratory diseases. Few studies have assessed the performance of the SGRQ in patients with connective tissue disease‐associated interstitial lung disease (CTD‐ILD). We aimed to examine the SGRQ’s performance characteristics and generate data to support its reliability and validity in patients with CTD‐ILD.MethodsWe used data from 193 CTD‐ILD patients evaluated at Tosei General Hospital from May 2007 to July 2016 to assess the cross‐sectional and longitudinal validity of the SGRQ.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 64.2 years and 122 (63.2%) were women. There were no significant differences in SGRQ scores between any of the CTD groups. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.905) and repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.873) for the SGRQ total score were excellent. At baseline, SGRQ total score was significantly associated with clinically meaningful measures of physiological function, exercise capacity and dyspnoea. Change in SGRQ total score over 6 months was also associated with change in other measures. Cox proportional hazards models showed that higher baseline SGRQ total score was a significant predictor of mortality. The estimated minimal clinically important difference of SGRQ total score was 4–13 points.ConclusionThese data support the validity and reliability of SGRQ as a sensitive measure for capturing HRQoL in patients with CTD‐ILD.
Cost‐effectiveness of endobronchial valve treatment in patients with severe emphysema compared to standard medical care
Authors: Hartman Jorine E. , Klooster Karin , Groen Henk , ten Hacken Nick H.T. , Slebos Dirk‐Jan 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveBronchoscopic lung volume reduction using endobronchial valves (EBV) is an effective new treatment option for severe emphysema patients without interlobar collateral ventilation. The objective of this study was to perform an economic evaluation including the costs and cost‐effectiveness of EBV treatment compared with standard medical care (SoC) from the hospital perspective in the short term and long term.MethodsFor the short‐term evaluation, incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios (ICER) were calculated based on the 6‐month end point data from the STELVIO randomized trial. For the long‐term evaluation, a Markov simulation model was constructed based on STELVIO and literature. The clinical outcome data were quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALY) based on the EuroQol5‐Dimensions (EQ5D) questionnaire, the 6‐min walking distance (6MWD) and the St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).ResultsThe mean difference between the EBV group and controls was €16 721/patient. In the short‐term (6 months), costs per additional QALY was €205 129, the ICER for 6MWD was €160 and for SGRQ was €1241. In the long term, the resulting cost‐effectiveness ratios indicate additional costs of €39 000 per QALY gained with a 5‐year time horizon and €21 500 per QALY gained at 10 years. In comparison, historical costs per additional QALY 1 year after the coil treatment are €738 400, 5 years after lung volume reduction surgery are €48 415 and 15 years after double‐lung transplantation are €29 410.ConclusionThe positive clinical effects of EBV treatment are associated with increased costs compared with SoC. Our results suggest that the EBV treatment has a favourable cost‐effectiveness profile, also when compared with other treatment modalities for this patient group.
Fluid Inclusions and C, H, O, S, and Pb Isotopic Compositions of the Dabaoshan Cu Polymetallic Deposit, Northern Guangdong Province, South China
Authors: Qu Hongying , Mao Jingwen , Zhou Shumin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Dabaoshan deposit in Northern Guangdong Province, South China, is a Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn polymetallic deposit, located in the southern part of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt. The deposit mainly comprises porphyry Mo and stratiform skarn Cu ore deposits. The genesis of the Cu ore deposit has been ascribed to a typical skarn ore deposit formed by the metasomatism of Devonian carbonate rock layers or to a volcanic rock‐hosted massive sulfide deposit formed by marine exhalation. In this paper, we report on the homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions and C, H, O, S, and Pb isotopic compositions of fluids and minerals in this deposit. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in garnet, diopside, quartz, and calcite provide information on the skarnification, mineralization, and postmineralization stages. The data show that ore‐forming fluids experienced a continuous transition from high temperatures and salinities to low temperatures and salinities over the entire period of mineralization. C, H, and O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids were derived mainly from magmatic water. O isotopic compositions indicate that ore‐forming fluids mingled with atmospheric water during the last stage of mineralization. Sulfur in the ore came mainly from deep magmatic sources. Pb isotopic compositions in the orebody show that almost all the lead in the ore was derived from magma with a crustal source. Combined geological, geophysical, and geochemical data were achieved before we proposed that the Dabaoshan porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo–W–Pb–Zn deposit, as one member of the Qin–Hang porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo ore belt, formed during the Jurassic subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath the Eurasian continent at quite low angle. NE‐ and EW‐trending structures controlled the emplacement of magmatic rocks in the South China region. In the mining area, the Xiangguanping Fault and its branches were the main conduits for magmatic crystallization and mineralization. The many subfaults, folds, and interlayer fracture zones on both sides of the main fault provided the requisite space for the ore and, together, were the controlling structures of the orebody.
Why do we do what we do? The Attention–Readiness–Motivation framework
Authors: Suri Gaurav , Shine James M. , Gross James J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAccording to many theories of motivation, the principal driver of human behavior is the affectively driven valuation of actions. Actions are valued by maximizing the difference between stimulus value (the benefits and costs inherent in the stimulus outcome that is the expected result of a given action) and action costs (the effort required to perform that action). However, such accounts have difficulty explaining why individuals act inconsistently in what appear to be comparable situations and often act in ways that seem inconsistent with relevant action values. In particular, we highlight several seemingly anomalous default effects which cannot be explained via traditional valuation‐based factors. In this article, we present the Attention–Readiness–Motivation framework, according to which such behavioral anomalies occur because stimulus value and action costs are respectively influenced by endogenous attention and action readiness—cognitive variables that are typically not considered as a part of the valuation calculus.
OCT image atlas of healthy skin on sun‐exposed areas
Authors: O'Leary S. , Fotouhi A. , Turk D. , Sriranga P. , Rajabi‐Estarabadi A. , Nouri K. , Daveluy S. , Mehregan D. , Nasiriavanaki M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkin cancer represents the most prevalent type of cancer in the United States. Excision of these lesions can leave significant scarring, and a delay in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma could result in metastasis or death. Therefore, developing technology and criteria to accurately diagnose these cancers is of particular importance to the medical community. While biopsy can lead to scarring and infections, dermoscopy and confocal microscopy offer noninvasive imaging methods but are also limited in their ability to determine tumor depth and margins. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising imaging method that uses near‐infrared light backscattering to image structures underneath the surface of the skin. The purpose of this study is to provide examples of variations across different skin locations and to identify common themes that occur with aging and sun exposure, most notably thinning of the epidermis and loss of a distinct dermal‐epidermal junction.MethodsOptical coherence tomography images were taken using the VivoSight swept‐source OCT. Images were taken from a 23‐year‐old man (Subject 1) and an 89‐year‐old man (Subject 2), both with Fitzpatrick Skin Type I, who did not have any prior skin conditions. We investigated the regions of the body that represent sun‐exposed areas.ResultsResults including OCT images taken from 19 predominately sun‐exposed areas are shown in Figure 2‐Figure 20.ConclusionThe 2 sets of images demonstrate the variety that exists within OCT imaging of healthy skin, and thus, a comprehensive understanding of the variation in normal skin imaging using OCT is critical to be able to distinguish and diagnose skin cancers when present.
Classification of topological relations between spatial objects in two‐dimensional space within the dimensionally extended 9‐intersection model
Authors: Shen Jingwei , Chen Min , Liu Xintao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs an important topological relation model, the dimensionally extended 9‐intersection model (DE‐9IM) has been widely used as a basis for standards of queries in spatial databases. However, the negative conditions for the specification of the topological relations within the DE‐9IM have not been studied. The specification of the topological relations is closely related to the definition of the spatial objects and the topological relation models. The interior, boundary, and exterior of the spatial objects, including the point, line, and region, are defined. Within the framework of the DE‐9IM, 43 negative conditions are proposed to eliminate impossible topological relations. Configurations of region/region, region/line, line/line, region/point, line/point, and point/point relations are drawn. The mutual exclusion of the negative conditions is discussed, and the topological relations within the framework of 9IM and DE‐9IM are compared. The results show that: (1) impossible topological relations between spatial objects can be eliminated by the application of 43 negative conditions; and (2) 12 relations between two regions, 31 relations between a region and a line, 47 relations between two lines, three relations between a region and a point, three relations between a line and a point, and two relations between two points can be distinguished by the DE‐9IM.
Changes in the proteome of the problem weed blackgrass correlating with multiple‐herbicide resistance
Authors: Tétard‐Jones Catherine , Sabbadin Federico , Moss Stephen , Hull Richard , Neve Paul , Edwards Robert 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHerbicide resistance in grass weeds is now one of the greatest threats to sustainable cereal production in Northern Europe. Multiple‐herbicide resistance (MHR), a poorly understood multigenic and quantitative trait, is particularly problematic as it provides tolerance to most classes of chemistries currently used for post‐emergence weed control. Using a combination of transcriptomics and proteomics, the evolution of MHR in populations of the weed blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) has been investigated. While over 4500 genes showed perturbation in their expression in MHR versus herbicide sensitive (HS) plants, only a small group of proteins showed >2‐fold changes in abundance, with a mere eight proteins consistently associated with this class of resistance. Of the eight, orthologues of three of these proteins are also known to be associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) in humans, suggesting a cross‐phyla conservation in evolved tolerance to chemical agents. Proteomics revealed that MHR could be classified into three sub‐types based on the association with resistance to herbicides with differing modes of action (MoA), being either global, specific to diverse chemistries acting on one MoA, or herbicide specific. Furthermore, the proteome of MHR plants were distinct from that of HS plants exposed to a range of biotic (insect feeding, plant–microbe interaction) and abiotic (N‐limitation, osmotic, heat, herbicide safening) challenges commonly encountered in the field. It was concluded that MHR in blackgrass is a uniquely evolving trait(s), associated with changes in the proteome that are distinct from responses to conventional plant stresses, but sharing common features with MDR in humans.
Decomposition of cyanobacterial light harvesting complexes: NblA‐dependent role of the bilin lyase homolog NblB
Authors: Levi Mali , Sendersky Eleonora , Schwarz Rakefet 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPhycobilisomes, the macromolecular light harvesting complexes of cyanobacteria are degraded under nutrient‐limiting conditions. This crucial response is required to adjust light excitation to the metabolic status and avoid damage by excess excitation. Phycobilisomes are comprised of phycobiliproteins, apo‐proteins that covalently bind bilin chromophores. In the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus, the phycobiliproteins allophycocyanin and phycocyanin comprise the core and the rods of the phycobilisome, respectively. Previously, NblB was identified as an essential component required for phycocyanin degradation under nutrient starvation. This protein is homologous to bilin‐lyases, enzymes that catalyze the covalent attachment of bilins to apo‐proteins. However, the nblB‐inactivated strain is not impaired in phycobiliprotein synthesis, but rather is characterized by aberrant phycocyanin degradation. Here, using a phycocyanin‐deficient strain, we demonstrate that NblB is required for degradation of the core pigment, allophycocyanin. Furthermore, we show that the protein NblB is expressed under nutrient sufficient conditions, but during nitrogen starvation its level decreases about two‐fold. This finding is in contrast to an additional component essential for degradation, NblA, the expression of which is highly induced under starvation. We further identified NblB residues required for phycocyanin degradation in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate phycocyanin degradation in a cell‐free system, thereby providing support for the suggestion that NblB directly mediates pigment degradation by chromophore detachment. The dependence of NblB function on NblA revealed using this system, together with the results indicating presence of NblB under nutrient sufficient conditions, suggests a rapid mechanism for induction of pigment degradation, which requires only the expression of NblA.
Hunting the main player enabling Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth under fluctuating light
Authors: Jokel Martina , Johnson Xenie , Peltier Gilles , Aro Eva‐Mari , Allahverdiyeva Yagut 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPhotosynthetic organisms have evolved numerous photoprotective mechanisms and alternative electron sinks/pathways to fine‐tune the photosynthetic apparatus under dynamic environmental conditions, such as varying carbon supply or fluctuations in light intensity. In cyanobacteria flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photodamage under fluctuating light (FL). In Arabidopsis thaliana, which does not possess FDPs, the PGR5‐related pathway enables FL photoprotection. The direct comparison of the pgr5, pgrl1 and flv knockout mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown under ambient air demonstrates that all three proteins contribute to the survival of cells under FL, but to varying extents. The FDPs are crucial in providing a rapid electron sink, with flv mutant lines unable to survive even mild FL conditions. In contrast, the PGRL1 and PGR5‐related pathways operate over relatively slower and longer time‐scales. Whilst deletion of PGR5 inhibits growth under mild FL, the pgrl1 mutant line is only impacted under severe FL conditions. This suggests distinct roles, yet a close relationship, between the function of PGR5, PGRL1 and FDP proteins in photoprotection.