bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neoproterozoic “Blood Falls” in Tarim Craton and Their Possible Connection With Snowball Earth
Authors: Gao B. F. , Wu C. Z. , Yang T. , Santosh M. , Dong L. H. , Zhao T. Y. , Ye H. , Lei R. X. , Li W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBlood Falls refers to the outflow of iron‐rich brine plumes under the Taylor Glacier in Antarctica, which have distinctive blood‐like red color. It was proposed that during the Cryogenian, Fe oxides of terrestrial origin accumulated under glaciers via a mechanism similar to the modern Blood Falls, although reports of iron deposits of such novel origin are lacking in literature. The Quruqsay iron formation is hosted in Neoproterozoic glacial sequences in the northern margin of the Tarim Craton in NW China and consist of 15 lenticular iron orebodies. The iron ores are mainly composed of fine Fe‐oxide aggregate and clastics, with the latter sometimes occurring as dropstones indicating glacial fluvial deposition. The hematite minerals show positive Ce and Y anomalies but lack positive Eu anomalies, with flat shale‐normalized rare Earth elements patterns. The hematite minerals also display remarkably negative εNd values and close‐to‐0 δ56Fe values, which collectively indicate that iron was sourced from continents rather than mid‐ocean ridge hydrothermal vents. Additionally, δ18O values of the hematite are consistent with the large ice‐volume during the Snowball Earth event. Evidence from the Quruqsay iron deposit suggest oxidation of terrestrial sub‐glacier iron‐bearing discharge in oceans of extensive glaciation, correlating with the predicted Blood Falls‐type iron deposits in the Neoproterozoic. The Quruqsay iron formation is a unique hematite‐rich iron deposit implying that subglacial lakes can be a significant repository for Fe2+ and that the volume of the Neoproterozoic glaciers may be much higher than the current glacier.
Effects of Climatic Change on Temperature and Thermal Structure of a Mountain Reservoir
Authors: Lewis William M. , McCutchan James H. , Roberson Jennifer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA 35‐year monitoring record for the water column of Lake Dillon, a reservoir of the southern Rocky Mountains, shows near‐surface warming of 0.76 °C/decade and warming at all greater depths (55 m); warming was progressively smaller with depth. Annual heat budget of the lake increased (67 cal·cm−2·year−1; 0.089 W/m2) as did Schmidt stability (41%). The mixed layer was affected by climatic conditions at the high elevation of the lake (2,750 m above mean sea level); heat fluxes were high during both the seasonal warming and cooling. Density gradients below the mixed layer were weak because of low water temperatures associated with high elevation. Annual cooling of the mixed layer was rapid following a brief initial stabilization and showed high interannual variability across years for a given month, which obscured any trend in mixed layer thickness that might have been caused by heat accumulation. The hypolimnion was warmed by advective heat exchange from tributary inflow and deep water withdrawal, not by carryover of fall or spring warming; advective warming by tributaries can be expected in many reservoirs.
Genetics of narcolepsy
Authors: Miyagawa Taku , Tokunaga Katsushi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNarcolepsy is a term that was initially coined by Gélineáu in 1880 and is a chronic neurological sleep disorder that manifests as a difficulty in maintaining wakefulness and sleep for long periods. Currently, narcolepsy is subdivided into two types according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd edition: narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) and narcolepsy type 2 (NT2). NT1 is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis and is caused by a marked reduction in neurons in the hypothalamus that produce orexin (hypocretin), which is a wakefulness-associated neuropeptide. Except for cataplexy, NT2 exhibits most of the same symptoms as NT1. NT1 is a multifactorial disease, and genetic variations at multiple loci are associated with NT1. Almost all patients with NT1 carry the specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele HLA-DQB1*06:02. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered >10 genomic variations associated with NT1. Rare variants associated with NT1 have also been identified by DNA genome sequencing. NT2 is also a complex disorder, but its underlying genetic architecture is poorly understood. However, several studies have revealed loci that increase susceptibility to NT2. The currently identified loci cannot explain the heritability of narcolepsy (NT1 and NT2). We expect that future genomic research will provide important contributions to our understanding of the genetic basis and pathogenesis of narcolepsy.
Large-scale remediation of oil-contaminated water using floating treatment wetlands
Authors: Afzal Muhammad , Rehman Khadeeja , Shabir Ghulam , Tahseen Razia , Ijaz Amna , Hashmat Amer J. , Brix Hans 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe contamination of water with hydrocarbons resulting from oil exploration and production highlights the need for efficient and environmentally friendly technology to mitigate this form of water pollution. Floating treatment wetlands are a sustainable approach for remediating contaminated water. In this large-scale study, we used four different plants, Phragmites australis, Typha domingensis, Leptochloa fusca, and Brachiaria mutica, to vegetate a floating mat with an area of 3058 m2 made from locally sourced materials. The floating treatment wetlands constructed in this manner were used to treat an oil-contaminated water stabilization pit resulting from oil and gas exploration activities in District Chakwal, Pakistan. The plants and the water in the pit were inoculated with a consortium of 10 different hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria. The application of floating treatment wetlands to the pit reduced chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, hydrocarbon content, and heavy metals by 97.4%, 98.9%, 82.4%, 99.1%, and 80%, respectively, within 18 months. All plants survived and showed growth, but maximum development and biomass production were exhibited by P. australis. Moreover, the bacteria used for inoculation were able to persist and show degradation activity in the water as well as in the rhizoplane, roots, and shoots of the plants. We conclude that floating treatment wetlands can be applied to oil-contaminated water stabilization pits for affordable and effective water treatment.
Generating Dual-Mode Dual-Polarization OAM Based on Transmissive Metasurface
Authors: Qi Xin , Zhang Zheyuan , Zong Xianzheng , Que Xiaofeng , Nie Zaiping , Hu Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent advances in electromagnetic (EM) waves with helical phase wave-front carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has drawn great attention, since it is believed to be a promising candidate for the next generation of wireless communication technology. To make the design more practical, here, a transmissive metasurface for generating dual-mode and dual-polarization OAM has been designed, manufactured and experimentally validated. To generate EM waves carrying OAM, the element structure is well-designed and can introduce additional phase to the incident wave. The employed four-layer cascaded metasurface demonstrates a high performance of transmission and complete phase control. Dual-mode operating characterization is realized by applying the polarization-dependent physical response. Moreover, experimental results including near-field and far-field properties are conducted to validate the numerical simulations. The proposed method in this paper promotes the practical design and realization of OAM vortex waves for the next generation of wireless communication technology.
Cancer prevention and screening: the next step in the era of precision medicine
Authors: Loomans-Kropp Holli A. , Umar Asad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA primary mode of cancer prevention and early detection in the United States is the widespread practice of screening. Although many strategies for early detection and prevention are available, adverse outcomes, such as overdiagnosis and overtreatment, are prevalent among those utilizing these approaches. Broad use of mammography and prostate cancer screening are key examples illustrating the potential harms stemming from the detection of indolent lesions and the subsequent overtreatment. Furthermore, there are several cancers for which prevention strategies do not currently exist. Clinical and experimental evidence have expanded our understanding of cancer initiation and progression, and have instructed the development of improved, precise modes of cancer prevention and early detection. Recent cancer prevention and early detection innovations have begun moving towards the integration of molecular knowledge and risk stratification profiles to allow for a more accurate representation of at-risk individuals. The future of cancer prevention and early detection efforts should emphasize the incorporation of precision cancer prevention integration where screening and cancer prevention regimens can be matched to one’s risk of cancer due to known genomic and environmental factors.
The sequence and de novo assembly of hog deer genome
Authors: Wang Wei , Yan Hui-Juan , Chen Shi-Yi , Li Zhen-Zhen , Yi Jun , Niu Li-Li , Deng Jia-Po , Chen Wei-Gang , Pu Yang , Jia Xianbo , Qu Yu , Chen Ang , Zhong Yan , Yu Xin-Ming , Pang Shuai , Huang Wan-Long , Han Yue , Liu Guang-Jian , Yu Jian-Qiu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHog deer (Axis porcinus) is a small deer species in family Cervidae and has been undergoing a serious and global decline during the past decades. Chengdu Zoo currently holds a captive population of hog deer with sufficient genetic diversity in China. We sequenced andde novoassembled its genome sequence in the present study. A total of six different insert-size libraries were sequenced and generated 395 Gb of clean data in total. With aid of the linked reads of 10X Genomics, genome sequence was assembled to 2.72 Gb in length (contig N50, 66.04 Kb; scaffold N50, 20.55 Mb), in which 94.5% of expected genes were detected. We comprehensively annotated 22,473 protein-coding genes, 37,019 tRNAs, and 1,058 Mb repeated sequences. The newly generated reference genome is expected to significantly contribute to comparative analysis of genome biology and evolution within family Cervidae.
The Orion Region: Evidence of enhanced cosmic-ray density in a stellar wind forward shock interaction with a high density shell
Authors: Cardillo M. , Marchili N. , Piano G. , Giuliani A. , Tavani M. , Molinari S. 
Published: January 2019

Context. In recent years, an in-depth γ-ray analysis of the Orion region has been carried out by the AGILE and Fermi/LAT (Large Area Telescope) teams with the aim of estimating the H2–CO conversion factor, XCO. The comparison of the data from both satellites with models of diffuse γ-ray Galactic emission unveiled an excess at (l, b)=[213.9, −19.5], in a region at a short angular distance from the OB star κ-Ori. Possible explanations of this excess are scattering of the so-called “dark gas”, non-linearity in the H2–CO relation, or cosmic-ray (CR) energization at the κ-Ori wind shock.
Aims. Concerning this last hypothesis, we want to verify whether cosmic-ray acceleration or re-acceleration could be triggered at the κ-Ori forward shock, which we suppose to be interacting with a star-forming shell detected in several wavebands and probably triggered by high energy particles.
Methods. Starting from the AGILE spectrum of the detected γ-ray excess, showed here for the first time, we developed a valid physical model for cosmic-ray energization, taking into account re-acceleration, acceleration, energy losses, and secondary electron contribution.
Results. Despite the characteristic low velocity of an OB star forward shock during its “snowplow” expansion phase, we find that the Orion γ-ray excess could be explained by re-acceleration of pre-existing cosmic rays in the interaction between the forward shock of κ-Ori and the CO-detected, star-forming shell swept-up by the star expansion. According to our calculations, a possible contribution from freshly accelerated particles is sub-dominant with respect the re-acceleration contribution. However, a simple adiabatic compression of the shell could also explain the detected γ-ray emission. Futher GeV and TeV observations of this region are highly recommended in order to correctly identify the real physical scenario.
Proton acceleration at tearing coronal null-point current sheets
Authors: Pallister R. , Pontin D. I. , Wyper P. F. 
Published: January 2019

Context. Non-thermal particle acceleration in the solar corona is thought to constitute a substantial part of the energy budget of explosive events such as solar flares. One well-established mechanism of non-thermal acceleration is directly via fields in current sheets.Aims. In this paper we study proton acceleration during “spine-fan reconnection” at a 3D magnetic null point. This type of reconnection has recently been implicated in some flares known as circular-ribbon flares. It has also recently been discovered that the reconnecting current sheet may undergo a non-linear tearing-type instability. This tearing leads to the formation of flux ropes and quasi-turbulent dynamics.Methods. A predictor-corrector test particle code is used to model the trajectories of protons at different stages of sheet tearing: when the sheet is intact, just after the formation of the first major flux rope, and once the non-linear phase of the instability has become more fully developed. The fields for these proton trajectories were taken from snapshots of a 3D magnetohydrodynamics simulation treated as three static field geometries represented by interpolated grids. Acceleration in the intact current sheet is compared to earlier simulations of infinite static current sheets and then used as a control case with which to compare the later snapshots.Results. Protons are found to be predominantly accelerated along the fan surface, especially in the absence of current sheet tearing. Most of the highest energy protons are accelerated in the main body of the current sheet, along the direction of strongest parallel electric field. A high energy tail is present in the kinetic energy distribution. After tearing commences, this direct acceleration no longer dominates and acceleration in the outflow regions makes a proportionally greater contribution. Sheet tearing appears overall to hinder the acceleration of protons in the fan plane, at least in the absence of time-dependent acceleration mechanisms. Some correlation is found between high energy protons and locations of flux ropes formed by the instability, but the nature of the link remains at present unclear.
Chronic and acute stress monitoring by electrophysiological signals from adrenal gland
Authors: Sunwoo Sung Hyuk , Lee Ju Seung , Bae SungJun , Shin Yiel Jae , Kim Chang Seong , Joo Soo Yeon , Choi Hong Sang , Suh Minah , Kim Soo Wan , Choi Young Jin , Kim Tae-il 
Published: January 2019

Significance
In this paper, we designed a flexible electrophysiological probe that could be implanted in the adrenal gland of a living animal. It allowed us to measure the electrophysiological signals of the adrenal gland in response to stress hormone release induced by acute stress. This report collects electrophysiological signals of the adrenal gland in vivo with chronic implantation.
Constructing knowledge and identity in a professionally-oriented discipline
Authors: Morton Janne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCentral to rhetorical genre theory is the notion of ‘rhetorical situation’ (Bitzer, 1968), which emphasizes context as sociohistorically situated. In the analysis of academic genres, this notion helps us to think of the contexts that genres respond to as dynamic, varying across time and space, rather than as stable and unified disciplinary discourse communities. From this social perspective, academic disciplines are theorized as including a great number and range of rhetorical situations (Paré, 2014), and the idea of genre variation becomes of increasing scholarly interest. In this study, rhetorical genre theory and the concept of ‘rhetorical situation’ provide a framing for the analysis of a recurrent discursive event. The event is the design studio ‘crit’, a weekly presentation and review of students’ in-progress design ideas and artifacts, through which the teaching and learning of architectural design is enacted in the academy. In a professionally-oriented discipline such as architecture, curriculum genres often need to negotiate tensions between the academy and the profession. Applied to such settings, a rhetorical genre approach invites us to think about whose values and knowledge dominate, and who has the authority to adapt the genre to suit its changing needs. This paper reports on interviews with five design teachers (one senior academic and four professional practitioners). The interviews reveal how the teachers take up the crit genre in diverse ways, including what counts as knowledge and competence in the design studio and how this knowledge is best taught, learnt and assessed. The paper concludes that students would benefit from a genre pedagogy that focuses on genre variation, its sources and its consequences, as well as genre conventionality.
Inflectional morphology with linear mappings
Authors: Baayen R. Harald , Chuang Yu-Ying , Blevins James P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis methodological study provides a step-by-step introduction to a computational implementation of word and paradigm morphology using linear mappings between vector spaces for form and meaning. Taking as starting point the linear regression model, the main concepts underlying linear mappings are introduced and illustrated with R code. It is then shown how vector spaces can be set up for Latin verb conjugations, using 672 inflected variants of two verbs each from the four main conjugation classes. It turns out that mappings from form to meaning (comprehension), and from meaning to form (production) can be carried out loss-free. This study concludes with a demonstration that when the graph of triphones, the units that underlie the form space, is mapped onto a 2-dimensional space with a self-organising algorithm from physics (graphopt), morphological functions show topological clustering, even though morphemic units do not play any role whatsoever in the model. It follows, first, that evidence for morphemes emerging from experimental studies using, for instance, fMRI, to localize morphemes in the brain, does not guarantee the existence of morphemes in the brain, and second, that potential topological organization of morphological form in the cortex may depend to a high degree on the morphological system of a language.
Recrystallization behaviour and tensile properties of Al-added medium-Mn-steel at different deformation-annealing conditions
Authors: Sarkar Arnab , Sanyal Souriddha , Bandyopadhyay T. K. , Mandal Sumantra 
Published: January 2019

The role of recrystallisation on structure–property relationship in Al-added medium-Mn steel was investigated at different stages of thermo-mechanical processing comprising of hot forging (HF), hot rolling (HR), cold rolling (CR) and intermediate annealing. The CR-annealed specimens have exhibited faster recrystallisation kinetics than HF-annealed and HR-annealed conditions, as reflected by the higher Avrami exponent (∼1.28) and requirement of minimum annealing temperature-time (1073K-50 min) for complete recrystallisation. The specimen cold rolled and annealed at 1073 K for 3 min (CR-1073K-3 min annealed) has exhibited excellent tensile properties owing to the co-existence of deformed and recrystallised grains. Further, the refinement of ferrite grains, lower austenite aspect ratio and higher volume fraction of γ-fibre of ferrite phase are responsible for better strength–ductility combination in the CR-1073K-3 min annealed specimen. This paper is part of a Thematic Issue on Medium Manganese Steels.
Infective endocarditis in right ventricular outflow tract conduits: a register-based comparison of homografts, Contegra grafts and Melody transcatheter valves
Authors: Gröning Mathis , Tahri Naima Borg , Søndergaard Lars , Helvind Morten , Ersbøll Mads Kristian , Ørbæk Andersen Henrik 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim was to investigate the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) in right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduits implanted at a Danish tertiary centre.

METHODS
Cases of IE in patients with homografts, Contegra grafts and Melody transcatheter valves were evaluated retrospectively with regard to the likeliness of the diagnosis using the modified Duke criteria and the likeliness of conduit involvement. Incidence rates for IE were calculated 1 and 5 years after valve implantation for all 3 conduits, and separately for Melody subgroups depending on which conduit served as landing zone. Cox regression with time-dependent covariates was used to model the impact of the conduit type on the incidence of IE.

RESULTS
Annualized incidence rates of IE in homografts, Contegra grafts and Melody valves were 0.40% (0.40 cases per 100 patient-years), 0.97% and 6.96% 1 year and 0.27%, 1.12% and 2.89% 5 years after valve implantation. Hazard ratios (HRs) were 3.20 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–11.17, P = 0.069] for Contegra grafts and 11.89 (95% CI 2.91–48.48, P < 0.001) for Melody valves compared to homografts.

CONCLUSIONS
Bovine pulmonary conduits were more prone to endocarditis, with Melody valves being the most frequently infected. HRs for the risk of suffering from endocarditis were substantially higher for Melody valves and Contegra grafts compared to homografts, although this finding was only statistically significant for Melody valves and not for Contegra grafts.
Long-term outcomes of surgery for pulmonary artery sling in children†
Authors: Yong Matthew S , Zhu Michael Z L , Bell Douglas , Alphonso Nelson , Brink Johann , d’Udekem Yves , Konstantinov Igor E 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Pulmonary artery (PA) sling is a rare vascular anomaly often associated with congenital tracheal stenosis. We describe the long-term outcomes with repair of this condition.

METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted at 2 institutions. From 1984 to 2018, 33 patients with PA sling underwent repair.

RESULTS
The median age at the time of surgery was 5.9 months (quartile 1–3: 2.5–12 months). Concomitant tracheal surgery was required in 21 patients (64%) where slide tracheoplasty was used in 11 patients (52%). There were no early deaths in patients who did not require tracheal surgery (n = 12). Operative mortality was 22% (2 of 9 patients) between 1984 and 1993, 11% (1 of 9 patients) between 1994 and 2003 and 6.7% (1 of 15 patients) between 2004 and 2018. The 15-year probability of survival for patients who had PA sling repair alone was 100%, and for patients who required PA sling and tracheal repair was 76 ± 10% (95% confidence interval 51–89%) (P = 0.08). The mean follow-up for survivors was 14 ± 9.8 years (3 months–33 years). All survivors were in the New York Heart Association functional class I/II at the last follow-up. Spirometry performed at a median age of 10.4 years after PA sling and tracheal surgery demonstrated obstructive lung defects with median forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 1.0 l (48% predicted), forced vital capacity of 1.5 l (74% predicted) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity of 0.69 (78% predicted).

CONCLUSIONS
Early mortality after PA sling repair is determined by the need for tracheal surgery. Though late survival was excellent, and the majority of survivors remained asymptomatic, long-term respiratory assessment and follow-up is warranted for these patients.