bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Home ranges of roaming golden jackals in a European forest‐agricultural landscape
Authors: Csányi Erika , Gaál Dorottya , Heltai Miklós , Pölös Máté , Sándor Gyula , Schally Gergely , Lanszki József 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe successful European expansion of the golden jackal (Canis aureus) is influenced by space use and an exploration of their movement ecology may promote the application of appropriate population management. However, little is known about their home range dynamics in forest–agricultural landscapes with dense populations and high hunting pressure. We evaluated home range size variations and movement patterns of golden jackals in southwestern Hungary, focusing on sex and age differences, seasonal variability, and the prevalence of irruptive nomad behavior. Over a 2‐year study, we tracked 45 global positioning system (GPS)‐collared jackals (22 females and 23 males) for an average of 245 days, collecting 236,675 hourly location points. We analyzed home ranges using the 95% kernel home range method, and used trajectory segmentation to identify residents (single home range) versus non‐resident or irruptive nomads (multiple home ranges or home range shifts). Residents exhibited a mean (± SE) home range size of 14.38 ± 2.27 km2 (n = 28), with significant individual variability (up to a 100‐fold difference). Males had larger home ranges than females, and juveniles had larger home ranges than adults, particularly during pup‐rearing periods. The home range shifts were more frequent for juveniles than adults, and females than males, whereas sex and age did not affect home range size of irruptive nomads (n = 17). Jackals mostly used forests close to forest–agricultural area edges and far from artificial structures. Our data revealed high interindividual space‐use variability and intra‐year differences in home range sizes between sexes, and substantiated the high ecological plasticity of this species. Our results likely relate to the complex social system of golden jackals along with a dense population, high hunting pressure, absence of large carnivores, and seasonal flexibility in response to abundant food sources.
Impact of forest management on the communication distance of an endangered tree squirrel
Authors: Brzozowski Ryan , Mahoney Sean M. , Combrink Hendrik J. , Hefty Kira L. , Pasch Bret 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLong‐distance acoustic signals mediate important social interactions between animals, and the structure of the environment can influence sound transmission to affect communication distance. Anthropogenic disturbances such as fire suppression alter forest structure and can potentially affect acoustic interactions by altering sound attenuation patterns. In the spruce‐fir and mixed‐conifer forests of the Pinaleño Mountains, Arizona, USA, that harbor endangered Mount Graham red squirrels (Tamiasciurus fremonti grahamensis), numerous historical anthropogenic disturbances have altered forest characteristics and contributed to habitat degradation and loss. In this study, we assessed how recent forest management treatments influenced the attenuation of red squirrel territorial rattle vocalizations. In June 2023–August 2023, we broadcast and recorded rattles 5.4 m above the forest floor at various distances (1, 10, 20, and 40 m) to mimic hypothetical senders and receivers. We used on‐the‐ground measurements and lidar to quantify forest structure relative to patterns of sound attenuation in 3 treatments: thinning, understory fuel reduction, and untreated control plots. Across all treatments, we found that increasing tree basal area resulted in higher attenuation, with rattles being approximately 6 dB lower in amplitude in the most dense compared to the least dense plots, equivalent to a doubling in squirrel communication distance. Additionally, rattles on untreated control plots experienced more attenuation than thinned (~3 dB) and fuel‐reduced (~1.5 dB) plots. A lidar‐derived measure of canopy structure was a better predictor of rattle attenuation than lower resolution on‐the‐ground measurements. In the short‐term, forest thinning may facilitate development of acoustic social neighborhoods that increase squirrel fitness, though alternative costs of more open forests exist. More generally, our results indicate that forest management can affect the efficacy of acoustic communication and that integration of signaling and sensory ecology with remote sensing can inform wildlife conservation.
In‐Plane Metasurface Design for Perfect Chiral Dichroism in Inhomogeneous Environment
Authors: Li Sergei , Ma Binze , Li Qiang , Rybin Mikhail V. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBound states in the continuum represent a captivating and significant phenomenon in the realms of photonics, materials science, and quantum mechanics. These exceptional resonant states have emerged as crucial elements in a diverse array of nanotechnology applications including chiral nanophotonics. Applying bound states in the continuum for chiral applications is a challenging problem and usually requires some additional complicated steps such as multi‐layer lithography, adding superstrate with index matching materials and geometry parameters adjusting. Nevertheless, creating a structure placed in inhomogeneous background that is capable to perfectly convert one circular polarization to the opposite one is still a challenging problem. This work presents chiral metasurface based on bound states in the continuum allowing to achieve perfect unitary circular conversion in an inhomogeneous environment. This approach is based on a coupling of two chiral but not perfect resonances which makes it possible to get one mode with chiral dichroism value of 1. A theoretical model is built, perform numerical calculation and conduct an experimental verification to prove this concept. The presented results could find many applications in sensing, optics, telecommunications, biomedical and chemical analysis.
Grating‐Based Eight‐Channel Lan‐WDM Silicon Photonic Transceiver for Tb/s Applications
Authors: Zhang Zanyun , Li Meixin , Lv Xiaoqing , Zhang Kaixin , Zhou Lingjun , Jiang Hao , Li Ke , Liu Tianjun , Wang Qixin , Huang Beiju 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn eight‐channel local‐area‐network wavelength division multiplexing silicon photonic transceiver is designed within a 5 mm × 5 mm chip area. This integrated chip is composed of a set of perfectly vertical grating couplers, interleaved angled‐MMI wavelength division (de)multiplexers, silicon E‐O modulators, and germanium waveguide photodetectors. The multiplexer exhibits an IL of (4.5–5.8) dB and average crosstalk ≈−20 dB. Due to the limited bandwidth of the 2‐D GC, the IL of the demultiplexer is 5.17 dB at minimum, with a channel nonuniformity of 5.53 dB. The EO modulator and germanium waveguide PD exhibit 3‐dB bandwidths of 45 and 47 GHz, respectively. With a customized fiber array packaged, a back‐to‐back data transmission capacity of 1.56 and 1.42 Tb/s with BERs below the SD‐FEC limit is demonstrated for the transmitter and receiver, respectively. By connecting the transmitter and receiver, the dynamic performance of the transceiver chip is characterized, and the total data capacity of eight wavelength channels is 1.18 Tb/s. To show the advantage of transmission distance, 2 and 10 km SMF transmission experiments are also carried out. Through close integration with matched electronic circuits, the data capacity of this transceiver chip can be potentially boomed to 1.6 Tb/s.
Ethanol‐Induced Reversible Phase Transition in Antimony Halides for Morse Code Anti‐Counterfeiting and Optical Logic Gates
Authors: Zang Zhigang , Liang Dehai , Shi Yingrui , Liu Zhenyu , Li Ru , Qaid Saif M. H. , Cai Wensi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLow‐dimensional hybrid organic‐inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) have attracted considerable attention in anti‐counterfeiting due to their non‐toxicity and high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, many reported OIMHs are either not reversible or have a poor PLQY. In this study, two antimony‐based halides, (C21H21P)2SbCl5 and (C22H24P)2SbCl5, are synthesized using different organic cations. Both compounds exhibit bright orange–yellow emissions with a PLQY of 82.6% and 83.5%, respectively. The orange–yellow emission of (C21H21P)2SbCl5 and (C22H24P)2SbCl5 are attributed to the radiative recombination of self‐trapping excitons. While (C21H21P)2SbCl5 maintains stable orange–yellow luminescence when exposed to ethanol, (C22H24P)2SbCl5 undergoes a structural transformation to non‐luminescent (C22H24P)2Sb2Cl8 upon ethanol treatment, which can be reverted to its luminescent state by heating. Even after multiple cycles, the PLQY of (C22H24P)2SbCl5 is still over 80%, demonstrating excellent cycling stability. (C21H21P)2SbCl5 and (C22H24P)2SbCl5 are also explored as fluorescent materials for Morse code anti‐counterfeiting and optical logic gate applications. This work offers a completely new option for fluorescent material used for security information.
Adolescent and Parent Experiences and Perceived Effectiveness of Physical Interventions for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Joslin Rhiannon , Roberts Lisa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere is a paucity of evidence on the effectiveness of physical interventions for chronic musculoskeletal pain affecting adolescents. This study explored adolescent and parent experiences and perceived effectiveness of physical intervention for chronic musculoskeletal pain in the UK.MethodsUsing semi‐structured interviews, 21 young people receiving treatment for chronic musculoskeletal pain and 21 parents were interviewed regarding their healthcare experiences. Data regarding experiences of physical interventions were analysed in this secondary qualitative analysis using inductive reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsThree themes that captured why adolescents and parents perceived physical interventions to be effective or not were (1) feeling in control, (2) the right person and an explanation that makes sense and (3) make a difference to me not my foot.DiscussionCore concepts that appeared to influence the perceived effectiveness of physical interventions from the perspectives of adolescents and parents included facilitating adolescent autonomy, establishing a therapeutic alliance on the basis of trust and focusing physiotherapy treatment on meaningful participation in life.ConclusionThere were no ideal physical interventions. The themes convey the importance of therapeutic alliance, intervention context and the need for personalised care.
A 40‐week phase 2B randomized, multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study evaluating the safety and efficacy of memantine in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Bhai Salman , Levine Todd , Moore Dan , Bowser Robert , Heim Andrew J. , Walsh Maureen , Shibani Aziz , Simmons Zachary , Grogan James , Goyal Namita A. , Govindarajan Raghav , Hussain Yessar , Papsdorf Tania , Schwasinger‐Schmidt Tiffany , Olney Nick , Goslin Kim , Pulley Michael , Kasarskis Edward , Weiss Michael , Katz Susan W. , Moser Suzan , Jabari Duaa , Jawdat Omar , Statland Jeffrey , Dimachkie Mazen M. , Barohn Richard ,   the Neuromuscular Study Group and Western ALS Consortium Memantine ALS Study Group
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease with no known cure, limited treatment options with minimal benefits, and significant unmet need for disease modifying therapies.AimsThis study investigated memantine's impact on ALS progression, with an additional focus on the effects of memantine on cognitive and behavioral changes associated with the disease.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted from December 2018 to September 2020. ALS patients were enrolled in‐person and remotely across 13 sites in the United States. Participants were randomized to memantine (20 mg twice daily) or placebo in a 2:1 ratio and completed 36 weeks of treatment. The primary outcome of disease progression was assessed by the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS‐R), and blood was collected for biomarker analysis.ResultsOf the 99 participants enrolled in the study, 89 were randomized to memantine or placebo (ages 24–83 years, male‐to‐female ratio ~3:2). Fifty‐two participants completed the study treatment with no significant differences in disease progression, biomarker changes (including neurofilament light chain [NfL]), or neuropsychiatric testing noted between the groups. Initial NfL values correlated with the rate of ALSFRS‐R decline.DiscussionIn this study, memantine did not impact ALS disease progression or neuropsychiatric symptoms. Trials with remote enrollment may help trial participation and success.
A Novel Hydro‐Grain‐Texture Model to Unveil the Impact of Mineral Grain Anisotropy on Fluid‐Driven Cracking Processes in Crystalline Rock
Authors: Wang Suifeng , Yasuhara Hideaki , Zhuang Li , Zhao Xianyu , Zhang Liping , Wang Tao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe anisotropy at the grain scale significantly impacts cracking behavior of crystalline rocks. However, the anisotropy of mineral structure, especially the grain shape and orientation has been inadequately addressed in studies on hydraulic fracturing. To bridge this gap, this paper introduces a coupled hydro‐grain‐texture model (HGTM) based on discrete element model (DEM) that investigates the influence of grain shape and orientation on fluid‐driven cracking processes in crystalline rock. The HGTM can consider the different mineral grain shapes and orientations by changing the aspect ratio and rotating coordinate axes. Our studies covered six distinct in‐situ stresses, three grain shapes, and five grain orientations. Initially, we present a comprehensive examination of the microcracking processes of hydraulic fracturing. Then the influences of in‐situ stress, grain shape, and grain orientation on cracking processes were studied. The results underscore that both mineral grain and in‐situ stress interplay to influence the hydraulic fracturing of the crystalline rocks. The proposed HGTM can well mimic the propagation process of hydraulic fracturing by comparing with the experimental results and the results reveal that hydraulic fracturing in crystalline rocks is a highly complex process. This research clarifies the complex interplay between grain texture and hydraulic fracturing, offering invaluable insights for optimizing stimulation practices.
Assessing the Bactericidal Effectiveness of Clove Oil Nanoemulsion‐Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanofibers for Eco‐Friendly and Endurable Food Packaging
Authors: Kenawy El‐Refaie , Hemdan Bahaa A. , Abdel‐Sattar Raghda , Khairallah Mohamed R. , Shendy Samah , Morsy Osama M. , El‐Naggar Mehrez E. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis research investigates the possible use of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofiber loaded with different concentrations of clove oil (CO) as an antimicrobial bioactive agent for utilization in food packaging. CO nanoemulsions were prepared using various concentrations of CO resulting in small, spherically‐shaped particles. The codes (CO‐1, CO‐2, and CO‐3) were given to these nanoemulsions, which had relative diameters of 69 nm, 71 nm, and 150 nm, respectively. After adding CO nanoemulsion to PCL solutions, the resulting nanofiber samples (PCL‐CO 1, PCL‐CO 2, and PCL‐CO 3), showed contact angle values (131.1°, 125.1°, and 117.4°) than the unmodified PCL nanofibers without CO (PCL ‐base; 140.5°). These obtained nanofibers exhibited smooth feature. Additionally, evaluations of thermal stability revealed that PCL loaded with CO exhibited higher thermal resistance when compared to PCL nanofibers without CO loading (PCL base). The antibacterial assessments conducted on these nanofibers revealed that their efficiency against typical food spoilage bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus subtilis, improved as the concentration of CO increased. Surprisingly, the most inhibitory impact was seen at greater CO concentrations, with bacterial counts being considerably reduced by 6.5 log10 CFU/mL. Significantly, the PCL‐CO 3 nanofiber composite showed encouraging characteristics that point to its possible use in reducing the growth of microorganisms in food packaging environments. These results highlight the potential use of PCL nanofibers loaded with CO (PCL‐CO 3 in particular) as multi‐purposes antibacterial agent appropriate for using in food packaging.
Preparation of a New Hydrophobic Modified Starch and Its Effect on Paper Properties
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhao WenGuang , Zhang Yazeng , Lin Benping , Zhu Hongwei , Deng Fengwei , Chen Qi‐Jie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPetroleum‐based compounds are widely used to enhance the hydrophobicity of paper but compromise its biodegradability. The development of biocompatible natural materials for the hydrophobic treatment of paper is of great significance. This study used corn starch (St) as raw material and prepared double‐modified starch (PT‐St) through dual modification of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and tetradecyl succinic anhydride (TDSA). The conditions for double modification starch were optimized through single‐factor and orthogonal experiments. The effects of PT‐St modified starch on the mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, and barrier properties of different paper types were studied. The results showed that the tensile index of 100% waste pulp (WEP), wood pulp (hardwood pulp: softwood pulp = 7:3) (WDP), and 100% bamboo pulp (BOP) coated with PT‐St increased by 44.11%, 37.41%, and 20.39%, respectively, and the contact angle was 118.42°, 120.17° and 122.37°, respectively. The water vapor transmission rate decreased by 35.03%, 20.32% and 21.83%, respectively. This new hydrophobic‐enhanced modified starch has considerable potential application potential in food packaging paper.
Covalently grafting silane coupling agents onto MXene‐reinforced carbon fibers for epoxy composites with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Han Ping , Hu Shaokai , Meng Chao , Yu Ying , Wei Gang , Gu Zheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) MXene (MX) and silane coupling agents are increasingly used to modify carbon materials for the fabrication of composite functional materials, which exhibit enhanced electrical, optical, and mechanical properties due to the synergistic effects of both MX and silane. We demonstrate the modification of carbon fibers (CFs) with MX and three different kinds of silane coupling agents, including 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3‐glycidyloxypropyldimethoxymethylsilane, and 3‐mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, which are named as CF‐MX@N, CF‐MX@O, and CF‐MX@S, respectively, and further prepare the CF‐MX@silane/epoxy (EP) composites. The utilized silane coupling agents serve as bridges between MX and CFs, forming CF‐MX@silane composites. Through comparative analysis, it is found that the CF‐MX@S composites form a strong interface phase through covalent bonds, significantly enhancing the interface compatibility and revealing strong interface adhesion. The interfacial shear strength of the molded CF‐MX@S/EP composites increases to 119.7 MPa, with an 173.9% enhancement comparing to unmodified composites. This work can offer useful guidance and reference for selecting appropriate silane coupling agent to modify CFs with 2D materials to form high‐performance composite materials.Highlights
Silane coupling agents are used as bridges to graft MXene‐modified CFs
The surface modification of CFs is achieved by a simple one‐step approach
Excellent interfacial phase is constructed through forming strong covalent bonds
Microstructure and failure interface are responsible to interface strengthen.
Spatial analysis with unoccupied aircraft systems data in wheat breeding yield trials
Authors: Herr Andrew W. , Campbell Kimberly Garland , Li Xianran , Carter Arron H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn important aspect of reliable cultivar development is good field trial evaluations. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS also known as drones or UAVs) are a popular high‐throughput phenotyping tool that has been used to successfully evaluate plant stress and other canopy characteristics in a field. In precision agriculture applications, UAS imagery has been used to identify spatial variability in field settings. Here, we use UAS spectral imagery to improve field trial spatial analysis, better control spatial variability, and reduce errors for more reliable selections. UAS imagery data were collected across 47 breeding trials planted in an augmented complete block design (ACBD) or alpha‐lattice replicated designs from 2020 through 2023. Trials were evaluated using three spatial analysis strategies: linear models incorporating block effect, row‐column effect, or 2D splines. UAS‐derived spectral reflectance indices (SRI) were combined with each model as covariates. Modeling strategies were used across all trials and evaluated for autocorrelation, model fitness, and coefficient of variation (CV). Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to assess model fitness. For spatial analysis trials, SRIs significantly lowered model AIC by an average of 38.4 for alpha‐lattice trials and 69.1 for ACBD trials. CV scores were also lowered when SRIs were utilized, with average CV values being 2.6 lower for alpha‐lattice and 2.1 for ACBD trials. This study highlights the potential for SRIs to improve the analyses of field breeding trials despite extreme environmental variables and climate conditions, improving experiment reliability and changing the way breeders plan and implement breeding experiments.