bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multiparametric Approach to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Toxicity Assessment in Non-Biting Midges
Authors: Savić-Zdravković Dimitrija , Milošević Djuradj , Uluer Ezgi , Duran Hatice , Matić Sanja , Stanić Snežna , Vidmar Janja , Ščančar Janez , Dikic Domagoj , Jovanović Boris 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are included in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) priority list of engineered nanomaterials for assessment of their environmental impact. The present study was carried out to assess the CeO2 NP toxicity to the freshwater midge Chironomus riparius larvae at concentrations of 2.5, 25, 250, and 2500 mg of CeO2 NP/kg of sediment. Experiments were designed to assess the prolonged exposure of midges to CeO2 NPs while adhering to OECD test guideline 218. The following parameters were investigated: CeO2 NP uptake by larvae, oxidative stress parameters, in vivo genotoxic effects, and life trait parameters. Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the concentration of CeO2 NPs in the sediment and its uptake by the larvae. No significant mortality was observed in C. riparius, and oxidative stress was not detected. The only significantly induced sublethal effect was genotoxicity, which began to manifest at a lowest-observed-effect concentration of 25 mg kg–1 of sediment and progressively increased at higher concentrations. Our results indicate that exposure to CeO2 NP–contaminated freshwater sediments does not pose a risk to chironomids at environmentally realistic concentrations. However, the significant accumulation of CeO2 NPs by chironomid larvae may pose a risk through trophic transfer to organisms further up the food chain. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:131–140. © 2019 SETAC
Distinct genomic signals of lifespan and life history evolution in response to postponed reproduction and larval diet inDrosophila
Authors: Hoedjes Katja M. , van den Heuvel Joost , Kapun Martin , Keller Laurent , Flatt Thomas , Zwaan Bas J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReproduction and diet are two major factors controlling the physiology of aging and life history, but how they interact to affect the evolution of longevity is unknown. Moreover, although studies of large-effect mutants suggest an important role of nutrient sensing pathways in regulating aging, the genetic basis of evolutionary changes in lifespan remains poorly understood. To address these questions, we analyzed the genomes of experimentally evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations subjected to a factorial combination of two selection regimes: reproductive age (early versus postponed), and diet during the larval stage (“low,” “control,” “high”), resulting in six treatment combinations with four replicate populations each. Selection on reproductive age consistently affected lifespan, with flies from the postponed reproduction regime having evolved a longer lifespan. In contrast, larval diet affected lifespan only in early-reproducing populations: flies adapted to the “low” diet lived longer than those adapted to control diet. Here, we find genomic evidence for strong independent evolutionary responses to either selection regime, as well as loci that diverged in response to both regimes, thus representing genomic interactions between the two. Overall, we find that the genomic basis of longevity is largely independent of dietary adaptation. Differentiated loci were not enriched for “canonical” longevity genes, suggesting that naturally occurring genic targets of selection for longevity differ qualitatively from variants found in mutant screens. Comparing our candidate loci to those from other “evolve and resequence” studies of longevity demonstrated significant overlap among independent experiments. This suggests that the evolution of longevity, despite its presumed complex and polygenic nature, might be to some extent convergent and predictable.
Nondestructive detection of apple crispness via optical fiber spectroscopy based on effective wavelengths
Authors: Ni Fupeng , Zhu Xiaowen , Gu Fang , Hu Yaohua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCrispness is regarded as a significant quality index for apples. Currently, destructive sensory evaluation is the accepted method used to detect apple crispness, making it essential to develop a method that can detect apple crispness in a nondestructive manner. In this study, spectroscopy was proposed as the nondestructive technique for detecting apples' crispness, ultimately obtaining a spectral reflectance curve between 450 nm and 1,000 nm. In order to simplify and improve modeling efficiency, successive projections algorithm (SPA) and x‐loading weights (x‐LW) methods were used to select the most effective wavelengths. Partial least squares (PLS) algorithm, radial basis neural networks (RBNN), and multilayer perceptron neural networks (MLPNN) methods were used to establish the models and to predict the crispness of “Fuji” and “Qinguan” apple varieties. Based on the full wavelength (FW), the prediction accuracy of the PLS model for “Fuji” and “Qinguan” apple varieties was 92.05% and 95.87%, respectively. The effective wavelengths selected via SPA for the “Fuji” apple variety were 450.41 nm, 476.80 nm, 677.75 nm, and 750.72 nm, and the effective wavelengths selected via x‐LW for the “Qinguan” apple variety were 542.51 nm, 544.79 nm, 676.96 nm, and 718.29 nm. The prediction accuracy of the PLS model based on effective wavelengths for “Fuji” and “Qinguan” apple varieties reached 91.31% and 96.41%, respectively. Compared with the RBNN model, the MLPNN model achieved better prediction results for both “Fuji” and “Qinguan” apples, with the prediction accuracy reaching 97.8% and 99.9%, respectively. Based on the above findings, effective wavelength selection and MLPNN modeling were able to detect apple crispness with the highest accuracy. Overall, it can be concluded that the less effective wavelengths are conducive to developing an instrument for crispness detection.
A Champion for the Unestablished
Authors: Rarrick Mohini P. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs a student in bioethics, I knew that The Hastings Center and its founders were the height of excellence in this field, and therefore I found them both intimidating and intriguing. When I began working there, Dan Callahan was supportive of my endeavors to provide a venue for students and other young writers to express their views on bioethics. I started my own blog called Bioethx under 25 that featured short essays by anyone who wished to submit, generally individuals who had a genuine philosophical interest but were not yet at the level of pursuing a Ph.D. Dan's support of my project culminated in his sponsorship of the Daniel Callahan Young Writer's Prize, an essay contest run through the blog. This was one of the many ways he demonstrated that making theoretical contributions to bioethics should not be limited to a select few.
Animals with Human Cells in Their Brains: Implications for Research
Authors: Maschke Karen J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn “Human‐Animal Chimeras: The Moral Insignificance of Uniquely Human Capacities,” Julian Koplin argues against the views that all uniquely human traits have moral significance or that all the traits humans have in common with other animals “are morally insignificant.” He recommends instead the adoption of “a better framework for thinking about the moral status of part‐human beings,” one that emphasizes the “phenomenal value (or disvalue)” chimeric animals are likely “to enjoy (or suffer).” If the moral status of these chimeric animals is grounded in the phenomenal value of their interests—that is, their interests as nonhuman animals—current protections for animals used in research may be inadequate to protect those interests.
An advanced human error assessment approach: HEART and AV‐DEMATEL
Authors: Can Gülin F. , Delice Elif K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHuman error assessment and reduction technique (HEART) is one of the most commonly used human error assessment approaches which computes human error probability (HEP) to prioritize errors related to human actions. HEART is a powerful tool considering error producing conditions (EPCs) which increase the HEP for generalized task versions named as generic task types (GTTs). HEART can give a solution including prevention of human‐related errors (HREs) and reduction of the HREs’ impacts via implementing additional controls. However, it has many shortcomings for real‐life error assessments. In this context, this study aims to improve effective usage of HEART through an advanced version of decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (AV‐DEMATEL). The reason to perform AV‐DEMATEL is to show the complex effect relations between main tasks (MTs), subtasks (STs), and EPCs in a process. For this aim, an integrated effect relation matrix is proposed for DEMATEL and importance weights of MTs, STs, and EPCs are computed based on this matrix. In addition, not only HREs are considered but also machine‐related errors (MREs) are taken into account to make error assessment for the process. The proposed approach also provides flexibility to categorize STs in different GTTs. Finally, a new term “process error probability” including HREs’ probabilities and MREs’ probabilities is recommended to compute error probability in an integrated manner for the process. To utilize the proposed approach, an example of a steam boiler daily control process is given.
Ectopic osteogenesis by type I collagen loaded with a novel synthesized PTH‐related peptide‐1 in vivo
Authors: Wang Yi , Wang Jianping , Zheng Jin , Yu Mingxia , Cai Lin , Zhang Shuwei , Li Jingfeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the ability of parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐related peptide‐1/type I collagen (PTHrP‐1/Col‐I) scaffold material to induce ectopic osteogenesis in the quadriceps muscle pocket of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. A novel peptide PTHrP‐1 was derived from PTH and used at different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/ml) to induce ectopic osteogenesis. Radiographic examinations (X‐ray, CT, and 3D reconstruction), pathological observations (H&E, Masson, Von Kossa, ALP and TRAP staining), immunohistochemical staining (Col‐I, OCN and Runx‐2 in tissues), western blotting was used to determine the qualitative and quantitative analysis of related markers proteins. Results confirmed that the appropriate concentration of PTHrP‐1 can effectively enhance the osteogenic activity, thereby improving the positive results and protein expression of osteogenic markers (COL‐I, OCN, and Runx‐2) in the quadriceps muscle pocket of SD rats. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, high concentration of PTHrP‐1 promotes osteogenic activity and active bone resorption. This study confirmed that PTHrP‐1 is a novel small molecule bioactive peptide, and the rat tail collagen scaffold is a good carrier of PTHrP‐1 with excellent biocompatibility. The PTHrP‐1/Col‐I composite scaffold material is an effective substitute for bone tissue engineering and can effectively induce and promote bone formation in the quadriceps muscle pocket of rats. In addition, the promoting ability for osteogenic differentiation of 0.3 mg/ml PTHrP‐1/Col‐I composite scaffold material group was significantly better than that of 0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/ml PTHrP‐1/Col‐I composite scaffold material groups. Hence, the optimal concentration of PTHrP‐1 to promote ectopic osteogenesis is 0.3 mg/ml.
Design and fabrication of clinoptilolite–nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan–gelatin composite scaffold and evaluation of its effects on bone tissue engineering
Authors: Sadeghinia Ali , Soltani Somaieh , Aghazadeh Marziyeh , Khalilifard Javad , Davaran Soodabeh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to synthesize an innovative composite scaffold, which structured of clinoptilolite–nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan–gelatin (CLN–nHA/CS–G) with enhanced attributes for utilization in the bone tissue engineering. This composite scaffold was prepared by blending the CLN, nHA, chitosan, and gelatin solution followed by a freeze‐drying step. The fabricated composite scaffolds were studied using BET, FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques. The highly porous composite scaffolds with a pore size of 200 ± 100 μm were synthesized. Moreover, the effects of CLN and nHA on the physicochemical features of the scaffold such as density, swelling ratio, biomineralization, biodegradation, and mechanical behavior were studied. Compared with CS–G scaffold, the presence of CLN and nHA leads to an increased surface area, increased biomineralization, and low rate of degradation in simulated body fluid solution (SBF) and mechanical strength. Cytotoxicity of the CLN–nHA/CS–G scaffold was studied by MTT assay on human dental pulp stem cells (h‐DPSCs). The biological response of h‐DPSCs showed no toxicity and studied cells proliferated and attached on the pore surfaces of the scaffold. Results indicated that introducing CLN and nHA to composite improves the scaffold characteristics in a way that makes it suitable for bone tissue engineering.
Nanofilm generated non‐pharmacological anabolic bone stimulus
Authors: Talukdar Yahfi , Rashkow Jason T. , Patel Sunny , Lalwani Gaurav , Bastidas Juan , Khan Slah , Sitharaman Balaji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStimulus‐responsive nanomaterials have mainly been employed to ablate or destroy tissues or to facilitate controlled release of drugs or biologics. Herein, we demonstrate the potential of stimulus‐responsive nanomaterials to promote tissue regeneration via a non‐pharmacological and noninvasive strategy. Thin nanofilms of an optically‐absorbing organic dye or nanoparticle (single‐walled graphene nanoribbons [SWOGNR]) were placed over (without touching the skin) a rodent femoral fracture site. A nanosecond pulsed near‐infrared laser diode was employed to generate photoacoustic (PA) signals from the nanofilms. X‐ray micro‐computed tomography (microCT), histology, and mechanical testing results showed that daily PA stimulations of upto 45 min for 6 weeks (complete fracture healing) do not adversely affect bone regeneration and quality. Further, microCT and histological analysis showed 10 min daily stimulation for 2 weeks significantly increases bone quantity at the fracture sites of rats exposed to the nanoparticle‐generated PA signals. In these rats, up to threefold increase in bone volume to callus volume ratio and twofold increase in bone mineral density within the callus were noted, compared to rats that were not exposed to the photoacoustic signals. The results taken together indicate that nanofilm‐generated photoacoustic signals serve as an anabolic stimulus for bone regeneration. The results, in conjugation with the ability of these nanofilms to serve as PA contrast agents, present opportunities toward the development of integrated noninvasive imaging and noninvasive or invasive treatment strategies for bone loss due to disease or trauma.
Retracted: Upregulation of acetylcholinesterase caused by downregulation of microRNA‐132 is responsible for the development of dementia after ischemic stroke
Authors: Yang Fu‐wei , Wang Hao , Wang Chen , Chi Guo‐nan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicroRNA‐132 (miR‐132) has been shown to participate in many diseases. This study aimed to understand the correlation between the level of miR‐132 and the severity of dementia post‐ischemic stroke. An online tool (www.mirdb.org) was used to find the miR‐132 binding site in acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) 3′‐untranslated region (UTR), followed by a luciferase reporter assay to validate ACHE as a miR‐132 target. A similar relationship between miR‐132 and ACHE was also established in cerebrospinal fluid samples collected from human subjects. A negative correlation was established between ACHE and miR‐132 by measuring the relative luciferase activity. Meanwhile, Western blot analysis and real‐time polymerase chain reaction were also conducted to compare the levels of ACHE messenger RNA and protein between two groups (dementia positive, n = 26 and dementia negative, n = 26) or among cells treated with miR‐132 mimics, ACHE small interfering RNA, and miR‐132 inhibitors. As shown in the results, miR‐132 can reduce the expression of ACHE. Further experiments were also carried out to study the effect of miR‐132 and ACHE on cell viability and apoptosis, and the results demonstrated that miR‐132 enhanced cell viability while suppressing apoptosis. In addition, ACHE reduced cell viability while promoting apoptosis. miR‐132 targeted ACHE and suppressed its expression. Additionally, miR‐132 and ACHE have been shown to affect the cell viability and apoptosis in the central nervous system.
miR‐205‐3p promotes proliferation and reduces apoptosis of breast cancer MCF‐7 cells and is associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer patients
Authors: Qiu Changhong , Huang Fei , Zhang Qing , Chen Wei , Zhang Huiting 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo study the expression of microribonucleic acid (miR)‐205 in breast cancer and its effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells.MethodsBreast cancer cell line MCF‐7 cells with stable expression of miR‐205‐3p were constructed. Cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis were detected via MTT assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. The expressions of Ezrin, LaminA/C, cleaved caspase‐3, Bcl‐2, and Bax were detected via Western blotting. The expressions of miR‐205‐3p in breast cancer tissues and para‐carcinoma tissues were detected via quantitative PCR (qPCR).ResultsIn transfection group, cell proliferation and invasion capacities were increased significantly (P < 0.01), but apoptotic cells were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). In addition, the expressions of Ezrin, LaminA/C, and cleaved caspase‐3 in the transfection group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), but the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The miR‐205‐3p expression in tumor tissues of breast cancer patients was significantly higher than that in para‐carcinoma tissue, but Ezrin, LaminA/C, and cleaved caspase‐3 expressions in tumor tissues were remarkably declined (P < 0.01), while the Bcl‐2/Bax ratio was remarkably increased (P < 0.01). Moreover, the 5‐year survival of patients with high expression of miR‐205‐3p was significantly shorter than patients with normal or low expression (P < 0.01).ConclusionHighly expressed miR‐205‐3p can promote the proliferation and invasion and reduce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells, and the high expression of miR‐205‐3p can significantly reduce the survival time of patients.
Primary colonospheres maintain stem cell‐like key features after cryopreservation
Authors: Eini Leila , Naseri Marzieh , Karimi‐Busheri Feridoun , Bozorgmehr Mahmood , Ghods Roya , Madjd Zahra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe development of efﬁcient and repeatable protocols for biobanking and prolonged storage of cancer stem cells (CSCs), with minimum alterations in biological function, is valuable and desired, particularly for retrospective analysis and clinical applications. In particular, data regarding the effect of cryopreservation on CSCs's functional features is scarce. In this regard, few studies have been shown that 3D spheroid structures, which enriched for CSCs, can keep their biological phenotype and genetic profiles. Here, for the first time, we present data on cryopreservation of CT‐26 colonospheres, with the focus on essential stem cell‐like properties after thawing. Tumor biopsy‐derived colonospheres were frozen in standard freezing media (90% fetal bovine serum + 10% dimethyl sulfoxide) and stored in liquid nitrogen for 10 months. Then, cryopreservation effect on preservation of CSCs‐related features was verified using real‐time polymerase chain reaction for evaluation of stemness genes and flow cytometry for the putative colorectal CSC surface biomarkers. The self‐renewal capacity of thawed spheres was also compared with their fresh counterparts using serial formation assay. Finally, tumorigenic capacity of both groups was evaluated in immunocompetence mouse model. Our data indicated that postthawed colonospheres had high viability without drastic alteration in biological and structural features and maintained self‐renewal potential after sequential passages. Real‐time analysis showed that both fresh and frozen colonospheres displayed similar expression pattern for key stemness genes: SOX2 and OCT4. Cryopreserved spheroids expressed CD133, CD166, and DCLK1 CSCs surface biomarkers at elevated levels when compared with parental as non‐cryopreserved counterparts. Our electron scanning microscopy micrographs clearly demonstrated that postthawed colonospheres retain their integrity and cell surface morphology and characteristics. We also found that both fresh and frozen spheroids were equally tumorigenic. This study represented an effective strategy for reliable storage of intact CT‐26 colonospheres; this can provide researchers with a functionally reliable repository of murine colorectal CSCs for their future CSCs projects.
Comparative evaluation of two immunoassays for serological diagnosis of hepatitis E
Authors: Sampedro Antonio , Casanovas Isabel , Ceballos Julian , Rodriguez‐Granger Javier , Cobo Fernando , Navarro Jose Maria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSerological testing for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is useful for diagnosing acute hepatitis E. Our aim was to evaluate the performance of chemiluminescence immunoassay (HEV IgM; Vircell, Granada, Spain) in comparison with a manual enzyme immunoassay (Anti‐HEV virus; Wantai, Beijing, China) for anti‐HEV IgM detection. Seventeen HEV‐RNA positive and 69 HEV‐RNA negative sera were tested by both assays. Virclia sensitivity was 94.1%, whereas that of the enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) was 76.5%; specificity was 98.5% and 97.1% for Virclia and EIA, respectively. Differences between both assays were not statistically significant. Virclia HEV IgM showed excellent performance and can be a good alternative to conventional enzyme immunoassays for the detection of IgM against HEV.
Meltwater discharge during the Holocene from the Wilkes subglacial basin revealed by beryllium isotope analysis of marine sediments
Authors: Behrens Bethany , Miyairi Yosuke , Sproson Adam D. , Yamane Masako , Yokoyama Yusuke 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTUnderstanding Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics related to global climate change is of scientific and societal interest as the future behaviour of the ice sheet under the currently changing climate is unknown. We present beryllium‐10 (10Be) analysis of a high‐resolution marine sediment core from the Adélie Basin near the eastern Wilkes Land margin, which is susceptible to marine ice sheet instability due to the low‐lying nature and down‐sloping trough of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin. Combined with a newly constructed age model using compound specific radiocarbon dates, the data reveal three events associated with high meteoric 10Be at ca. ~10 ka, ca. ~6.5 ka and from ca. ~4 ka. We interpret these high meteoric 10Be events to be derived from the deposition of 10Be released from the ice sheet during meltwater discharge. In particular, the shift to higher meteoric 10Be concentration at~4 ka may correspond to changes in climate patterns at this time. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.