bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalously Perfect Reflections Based on 3‐Bit Coding Metasurfaces
Authors: Jing Hong Bo , Ma Qian , Bai Guo Dong , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein, a new design method to realize anomalously perfect reflections based on digital coding metasurfaces is proposed. Previous studies on perfect reflections usually rely on impedance matching, which requires complicated analyses and calculations. Based on the digital design of coding metasurfaces, a simple design method to generate anomalously perfect reflections for different reflection angles with high efficiency is presented. 3‐bit digital coding units are designed and verified to provide reflection phase responses of 0°, 45°, 90°, 133°, 176°, 221°, 269°, and 302°. Four digital coding patterns for different reflection angles are created to demonstrate the anomalously perfect reflections. Numerical simulations and experimental results have good agreements, suggesting the powerful potentials of the digital coding metasurface in controlling the electromagnetic waves.
Semiconducting Polymer Dots with Modulated Photoblinking for High‐Order Super‐Resolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging
Authors: Sun Zezhou , Liu Zhihe , Chen Haobin , Li Rongqin , Sun Yujie , Chen Danni , Xu Gaixia , Liu Liwei , Wu Changfeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSuper‐resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) uses photoblinking to achieve fast, background free, 3D fluorescence nanoscopy. The on/off photoblinking characteristics are key factors for realizing high‐order SOFI. However, it remains a great challenge to tune the photoblinking of a fluorescent probe because most of the probes are typical single fluorophore systems with stochastic blinking nature. In this study, effective photoblinking modulation is demonstrated in a nanoscale multichromophoric system consisting of donor–acceptor semiconducting polymers. Numerical simulation is performed to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the number of acceptors on the photoblinking of the nanoparticle probe as well as the spatial resolution of the resulting SOFI nanoscopy. In tandem with simulation, a series of polymer dots (Pdots) are designed with varying donor–acceptor moieties that give rise to the modulated photoblinking behaviors, as evidenced by single‐particle fluorescence trajectories. The photoblinking behaviors are quantitatively compared in terms of autocorrelation function, dot retention fraction, and on/off time ratio. High‐performance photoblinking‐based nanoscopy is implemented by using the optimized Pdots, resolving subcellular structure at a spatial resolution of ≈95 nm. This study provides a useful approach to engineer the photoblinking properties of fluorescent nanoparticles for super‐resolution imaging applications.
Flavin‐Dependent Halogenases from Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris B100 Prefer Bromination over Chlorination
Authors: Ismail Mohamed , Frese Marcel , Patschkowski Thomas , Ortseifen Vera , Niehaus Karsten , Sewald Norbert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFlavin‐dependent halogenases selectively introduce halogen substituents into (hetero‐)aromatic substrates and require only molecular oxygen and halide salts for this regioselective oxidative CH‐functionalization. Genomic analysis of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris B100 identified three novel putative members of this enzyme class. They were shown to introduce halogen substituents into, e. g., substituted indoles, while preferring bromide over chloride.magnified image
An Upgraded Lithium Ion Battery Based on a Polymeric Separator Incorporated with Anode Active Materials
Authors: Chen Dongjiang , Zhou Ziqi , Feng Chao , Lv Weiqiang , Wei Zhaohuan , Zhang Kelvin H. L. , Lin Bin , Wu Songhao , Lei Tianyu , Guo Xuyun , Zhu Gaolong , Jian Xian , Xiong Jie , Traversa Enrico , Dou Shi Xue , He Weidong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStructural/compositional characteristics at the anode/electrolyte interface are of paramount importance for the practical performance of lithium ion batteries, including cyclic stability, rate capacity, and operational safety. The anode‐electrolyte interface with traditional separator technology is featured with inevitable phase discontinuity and fails to support the stable operation of lithium ion batteries based on large‐capacity anodes with structural change in charges/discharges, such as transition metal oxide anodes. In this work, an anode/electrolyte framework based on an oxide anode and an active‐oxide‐incorporated separator is proposed for the first time and investigated for lithium ion batteries. The architecture builds a robust anode‐separator interface in LIBs, shortens Li+ diffusion path, accelerates electron transport, and mitigates the volume change of the oxide anode in electrochemical reactions. Remarkably, 4 wt% CuO addition in the separator leads to a 17% enhancement in the overall capacity of a battery with a CuO anode. The battery delivers an unparalleled record reversible capacity of 637.2 mAh g−1 with a 99% capacity retention after 100 charge/discharge cycles at 0.5 C. The high performance are attributed to the robust anode‐separator interface, which gives rise to enhanced interaction between the oxide anode and the same‐oxide‐incorporated composite in the separator.
Non‐malignant respiratory disease among workers in the rubber manufacturing industry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thapa Nirmala , Tomasi Suzanne E. , Cox‐Ganser Jean M. , Nett Randall J. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundNon‐malignant respiratory disease (NMRD) cases have occurred among rubber manufacturing workers. We examined exposure to rubber manufacturing emissions as a risk factor for NMRD.MethodsFrom a systematic literature review, we identified case reports and assessed cross‐sectional and mortality studies for strength of evidence of positive association (strong, intermediate, non‐significant positive association, none) between exposure to rubber manufacturing emissions and NMRD‐related morbidity and mortality, and conducted two meta‐analyses.ResultsWe analyzed 62 articles. We identified 11 cases of NMRD. Nine (30%) of 30 cross‐sectional studies and one (4%) of 26 mortality studies had strong evidence. The summary odds ratio and SMR for the cross‐sectional and mortality meta‐analyses were 3.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.28‐6.51) and 0.90 (95%CI, 0.82‐0.99), respectively.ConclusionAvailable evidence supports rubber manufacturing emissions as a potential risk factor for NMRD‐related morbidity. Further investigations with longer follow‐up periods and inclusion of short‐tenured workers could further define risks for NMRD and identify prevention strategies.
Activating Inert, Nonprecious Perovskites with Iridium Dopants for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction under Acidic Conditions
Authors: Liang Xiao , Shi Lei , Liu Yipu , Chen Hui , Si Rui , Yan Wensheng , Zhang Qi , Li Guo‐Dong , Yang Li , Zou Xiaoxin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSimultaneous realization of improved activity, enhanced stability, and reduced cost remains a desirable yet challenging goal in the search of oxygen evolution electrocatalysts in acid. Herein we report iridium‐containing strontium titanates (Ir‐STO) as active and stable, low‐iridium perovskite electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid. The Ir‐STO contains 57 wt % less iridium relative to the benchmark catalyst IrO2, but it exhibits more than 10 times higher catalytic activity for OER. It is shown to be among the most efficient iridium‐based oxide electrocatalysts for OER in acid. Theoretical results reveal that the incorporation of iridium dopants in the STO matrix activates the intrinsically inert titanium sites, strengthening the surface oxygen adsorption on titanium sites and thereby giving nonprecious titanium catalytic sites that have activities close to or even better than iridium sites.
Cyanidosilicates—Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Harloff Jörg , Michalik Dirk , Nier Simon , Schulz Axel , Stoer Philip , Villinger Alexander 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStarting from fluoridosilicate precursors in neat cyanotrimethylsilane, Me3Si−CN, a series of different ammonium salts [R3NMe]+ (R=Et, nPr, nBu) with the novel [SiF(CN)5]2− and [Si(CN)6]2− dianions was synthesized in facile, temperature controlled F−/CN− exchange reactions. Utilizing decomposable, non‐innocent cations, such as [R3NH]+, it was possible to generate metal salts of the type M2[Si(CN)6] (M+=Li+, K+) via neutralization reactions with the corresponding metal hydroxides. The ionic liquid [BMIm]2[Si(CN)6] (m.p.=72 °C, BMIm=1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) was obtained by a salt metathesis reaction. All the synthesized salts could be isolated in good yields and were fully characterized.
Syntheses and optical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of polymers with 6‐(2‐thienyl)‐4H‐thieno[2,3‐b]indole with a variety of electron‐deficient units
Authors: Kim Juae , Chae Sangmin , Yi Ahra , Hong Seungyeon , Kim Hyo Jung , Suh Hongsuk 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTConjugated polymers were synthesized and used for polymer solar cells with new electron‐rich units, 6‐(2‐thienyl)‐4H‐thieno[2,3‐b]indole (2‐TTI). 2‐TTI was coupled with electron‐pulling units, including benzothiadiazole and benzimidazole derivatives, to provide push–pull types of conjugated polymers (poly(8‐(heptadecan‐9‐yl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐8H‐thieno[2,3‐b]indole)‐alt‐(2‐methyl‐5,6‐bis(octyloxy)‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2H‐benzimidazole) (PTTIDOCF3), poly(8‐(heptadecan‐9‐yl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐8H‐thieno[2,3‐b]indole)‐alt‐(5,6‐bis(octyloxy)‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole) (PTTIDOBT), poly(8‐(heptadecan‐9‐yl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐8H‐thieno[2,3‐b]indole)‐alt‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2H‐benzimidazole) (PTTIMBI), and poly(8‐(heptadecan‐9‐yl)‐6‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐8H‐thieno[2,3‐b]indole)‐alt‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐5,6‐bis(octyloxy)‐4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2H‐benzimidazole) (PTTIDOMBI)). The synthesized conjugated polymers provided deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy levels for higher open‐circuit voltages (VOC). The device composed of PTTIDOMBI and [6,6]‐Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester PC71BM (1:2) with chloronaphthalene additive showed a VOC of 0.72 V, a short‐circuit current (JSC) of 9.16 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 0.43; this gave a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.84%. The PTTIDOMBI provided better morphology for enhanced charge transport, and this led to the higher JSC and PCE of the organic solar cells. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47624.
Introgressive hybridization between native and non‐local steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of hatchery origin
Authors: Weigel Dana E. , Adams Jennifer R. , Jepson Michael A. , Waits Lisette P. , Caudill Christopher C. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The artificial propagation and release of individuals from non‐local populations is a widespread practice that can threaten the genetic integrity of native, locally adapted populations, because of domestication effects from the artificial rearing environments and inter‐breeding with the local populations. Introgressive hybridization was examined in a threatened population of anadromous Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) (winter‐run steelhead) in the Willamette Basin, Oregon. Non‐local, hatchery‐reared, summer‐run steelhead are released annually into the basin as mitigation for the impact of numerous dams.
Sixteen microsatellite loci were used to detect introgression in adult steelhead of natural origin migrating into the basin before spawning during 2013 and 2014. Bayesian clustering analysis (structure) was used to identify the level of admixture in the population and to assign individuals to clusters.
The Bayesian clustering analysis indicated that there are most likely two populations (or clusters) in the study area: a native, coastal, winter‐run steelhead population and a non‐local, summer‐run steelhead population that was derived from artificial crosses between summer‐run coastal and interior redband populations.
Introgressive hybridization was detected in 26.4% of the natural‐origin adult steelhead. First‐generation (F1) hybrids were estimated as 4.9–10.1% of the natural‐origin adult steelhead. Hybrids backcrossed to the native, coastal, winter‐run steelhead were nine times more numerous than backcrosses to the hatchery, summer‐run steelhead. The timing of upstream migration was significantly different between the native, winter steelhead and the F1 hybrids.
Low numbers of summer steelhead and back‐cross summer‐run hybrids were identified in the natural‐origin population, consistent with the reduced fitness of hatchery‐reared summer steelhead in natural environments. Conservation actions that protect native populations from hatchery fish include altering stocking practices (such as integrated management or sterility), and protecting the remaining intact populations by designating genetic preserves and preventing the release of hatchery‐origin or hybrid steelhead into these areas.
The Anatomical and Functional Evolution of the Femoral Fourth Trochanter in Ornithischian Dinosaurs
Authors: Persons Walter S. , Currie Philip J. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe femoral fourth trochanter is the attachment site of the caudofemoralis musculature, which is the primary hindlimb retractor in most non‐avian dinosaurs. Early ornithischian dinosaurs are uniquely characterized by a fourth trochanter with a prominent pendant process. Throughout the evolution of ornithischians, the fourth trochanter repeatedly converged on two major morphological changes: (1) the distal migration of the trochanter down the femoral shaft and (2) the loss of the pendant process. Both changes, as well as the original evolution of the pendant form, relate to a single major functional shift emphasizing caudofemoral leverage. Direct evidence of muscle scarring across the surface of the pendant process affirms that it served to extend the attachment of the primary caudofemoralis brevis tendon distally. A proximally located fourth trochanter is the basal condition in dinosaurs and other archosaurs, and the development of a pendant process lengthened the functional lever arm with regard to the insertion of the caudofemoralis. This adaptation afforded improved mechanical advantage, perhaps beneficial in the context of the newly assumed herbivorous diets of basal ornithischians. As some derived ornithischians increased in body size, a high‐leverage system with a more distal caudofemoralis attachment evolved. In some groups, the fourth trochanter as a whole descended down the femur, eventually reaching a point where the pendant process was unnecessary. Sauropodomorphs, the other great lineage of dinosaur herbivores, converged on the same high‐leverage distal fourth trochanter arrangement, but without first transitioning through a prominent pendant form. Anat Rec, 303:1146–1157, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteological Re‐Assessment and Taxonomic Revision of “Tanius laiyangensis” (Ornithischia: Hadrosauroidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong, China
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Guang , Wang Ke‐Bai , Chen Shu‐Qing , Liu Di , Xing Hai 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
Tanius is the earliest named ornithischian genus from China. Since 1929, three species of this genus, namely T. sinensis (the type species), “T. chingkankouensis” and “T. laiyangensis”, have been reported based on remains from the Wangshi Group of Shandong, China, and were previously recognized as hadrosaurines. Following the recent achievement of consensus on the phylogenetic placement of T. sinensis outside Hadrosauridae, the assignments of the “T. chingkankouensis” and “T. laiyangensis” material of hadrosaurid origin to the genus Tanius become problematic. Related taxonomic issues of “T. laiyangensis” therefore need re‐appraisals. Here, we provide an overall taxonomic revision of “T. laiyangensis” from the Jingangkou Formation of northeast Shandong, by means of approaches of comparative anatomy, phylogeny and geometric morphometrics. Our osteological comparisons confirm the hadrosaurine affinity of “T. laiyangensis”, given the presence of a suite of characters largely typical of Hadrosaurinae in the single specimen (i.e., a nearly complete sacrum and a partial right ilium), including a dorsoventrally narrow central plate of the ilium with the depth/length ratio <0.80. In the proposed phylogenetic framework, “T. laiyangensis” is inferred to be a member of Kritosaurini within Hadrosaurinae, as the sister taxon to Secernosaurus koerneri. The relative warp analysis on the lateral outline of the supraacetabular process also reveals a close resemblance of shape between the two species. Based on these different lines of evidence and considering no identification of any diagnostic characters from the specimen, we argue that the “T. laiyangensis” material comes from an indeterminate kritosaurin hadrosaurine in Asia. Anat Rec, 303:790–800, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Selective Detection of Hg2+ Ions with Boron Dipyrromethene‐Based Fluorescent Probes Appended with a Bis(1,2,3‐triazole)amino Receptor
Authors: Shi Wen‐Jing , Liu Jian‐Yong , Lo Pui‐Chi , Ng Dennis K. P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBy using a copper‐promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition reaction, two boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives bearing a bis(1,2,3‐triazole)amino receptor at the meso position were prepared and characterized. For the analogue with two terminal triethylene glycol chains, the fluorescence emission at 509 nm responded selectively toward Hg2+ ions, which greatly increased the fluorescence quantum yield from 0.003 to 0.25 as a result of inhibition of the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. By introducing two additional rhodamine moieties at the termini, the resulting conjugate could also detect Hg2+ ions in a highly selective manner. Upon excitation at the BODIPY core, the fluorescence emission of rhodamine at 580 nm was observed and the intensity increased substantially upon addition of Hg2+ ions due to inhibition of the PET process followed by highly efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the BODIPY core to the rhodamine moieties. The Hg2+‐responsive fluorescence change of these two probes could be easily seen with the naked eye. The binding stoichiometry between the probes and Hg2+ ions in CH3CN was determined to be 1:2 by Job′s plot analysis and 1H NMR titration, and the binding constants were found to be (1.2±0.1)×1011 m−2 and (1.3±0.3)×1010 m−2, respectively. The overall results suggest that these two BODIPY derivatives can serve as highly selective fluorescent probes for Hg2+ ions. The rhodamine derivative makes use of a combined PET‐FRET sensing mechanism which can greatly increase the sensitivity of detection.
The role of returnee executives in improving green innovation performance of Chinese manufacturing enterprises: Implications for sustainable development strategy
Authors: Hao Yingjie , Fan Congcong , Long Yunguang , Pan Jieyi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnvironmental problems in China have attracted global attention. Grafting returnee executives' green resources to Chinese manufacturing enterprises is an effective way to solve China's sustainable development problems. This paper focuses on the impact of returnee executives and the heterogeneity of returnee and local executives on green innovation performance and the moderating effects of environmental regulation and managerial ties. The paper builds on data from 276 Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The results show that returnee executives tend to achieve sustainable development through green innovation. However, not all kinds of heterogeneity between returnee and local executives can promote green innovation performance. In addition, environmental regulation and managerial ties, as two important external moderation variables, have different impacts and different extents of impact on the relationship between returnee executives and four aspects (R&D, manufacturing, marketing, and management) of green innovation performance, that is, environmental regulation positively moderates the relationship between returnee executives and green manufacturing and management innovation performance but negatively moderates the relationship between returnee executives and green R&D and marketing innovation performance. These findings have clear management implications for Chinese manufacturing enterprises.
Environmental sustainability orientation, competitive strategy and financial performance
Authors: Danso Albert , Adomako Samuel , Amankwah‐Amoah Joseph , Owusu‐Agyei Samuel , Konadu Renata 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExtant research has established that environmental sustainability orientation (ESO) has a positive influence on performance outcomes. Nevertheless, several contingencies tend to affect the strength of this relationship. In this study, we draw on natural resource‐based theory to introduce competitive strategies as moderators in the ESO–performance nexus. Using time‐lagged data obtained from 269 firms in Ghana, this study finds that firms pursuing the differentiation strategy can positively boost performance outcomes with ESO than without differentiation strategy. We also find that firms can use the low‐cost or the integrated strategy to get higher impact on performance with ESO, respectively. Based on the results, firms in Ghana do not need differentiation strategy in order to boost the effect of ESO on financial performance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
MicroRNA‐224 enhances the osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs via Rac1
Authors: Cai Qing , Zheng Peng , Ma Fuzhe , Zhang Huiyan , Li Zuntai , Fu Qiyue , Han Chunyu , Sun Yingying 
Published: February 2019

Osteogenesis is the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that target specific genes to mediate translational activities. In this study, we investigated how miR‐224 regulates the osteoblastic differentiation of human MSCs (hMSCs) as well as the underlying mechanism. The results revealed the upregulation of miR‐224 during hMSC differentiation. In vitro experiments showed that the downregulation of miR‐224 suppressed the differentiation of hMSCs into osteoblasts. However, upregulation of miR‐224 was concomitant with increased expression of relevant genes and augmented activity of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, the results indicated that Rac1 acted as the bona fide target of miR‐224 and that Rac1 depletion promoted osteogenic differentiation in miR‐224–silenced hMSCs. In addition, we found that both JAK/STAT3 and Wnt/β‐catenin pathways were repressed by Rac1 depletion using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Our data indicate a novel molecular mechanism in relation to hMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts, which may facilitate bone anabolism via miR‐224.Significance of the studyIn this study, we mainly explored the effects of miR‐224 on hMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts. We find that induced miR‐224 expression in hMSCs is considered closely associated with specific osteogenesis‐related genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix mineralization, indicating that miR‐224 may serve as a promising biomarker for osteogenic differentiation. Our data indicate a novel molecular mechanism in relation to hMSCs differentiation into osteoblasts, which may facilitate bone anabolism via miR‐224.