bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the improvisational pelvic circumferential compression technique for open-book pelvic fractures using a simulation model and a sphygmomanometer
Authors: Rega Paul Patrick , Fink B , Sexton M , Schneiderman J , Kakish E , McKenzie N , Kenney K , Jones C 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundOpen-book pelvic fractures are associated with significant mortality. Emergency management may require a commercial pelvic circumferential compression device to reduce the fracture and compress haemorrhaging pelvic vasculature. Standard, commercial, twin-sized bedsheets are acceptable should commercial devices be unavailable. However, obese victims or personnel with insufficient body strength may impede successful reduction.ObjectiveTo demonstrate the value of an improvisational windlass (intravenous pole) in improving the ability to reduce an open-book pelvic fracture.MethodsThe Institutional Review Board-approved study involved 28 diverse healthcare students and emergency medicine residents. Each participant’s demographic information and physical characteristics were recorded. A METIman was prepared with knee and ankle binding and a sphygmomanometer set at 40 mm Hg placed over the symphysis pubis. Two-person teams were randomly selected to place a bedsheet at greater trochanter level and atop the sphygmomanometer. The bedsheet was secured with maximum effort by the pairs and the pressure recorded. Following this, the pairs inserted an intravenous pole in the knot and torqued the pole to maximum effort and a repeat pressure recorded.ResultsThe mean increase in pressure using only the bedsheet was 106.43 mm Hg per team. With bedsheet and intravenous pole, the mean pressure increase was 351.79 mm Hg per team. The difference was statistically significant (independent samples t-test: t = 17.177, p < 0.001, 95% CI (216.65 to 274.07 mm Hg). There was no correlation between pressure increases and the individual physical characteristics of the subjects (r = − 0.183, p = 0.352).ConclusionsRegardless of personnel’s physical attributes, the addition of an improvisational windlass to a pelvic circumferential compression bedsheet can improve the ability to reduce an open-book fracture, especially in obese victims.
Occupational exposure to organic particles and combustion products during pregnancy and birth outcome in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Norlén Filip , Gustavsson Per , Wiebert Pernilla , Rylander Lars , Westgren Magnus , Plato Nils , Albin Maria , Selander Jenny 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo study if children of women exposed to organic particles and combustion products at work during pregnancy, have an increased risk of low birth weight, preterm birth or small for gestational age.MethodsA nationwide cohort of all occupationally active mothers and their children from single births during 1994 to the end of 2012 (1 182 138 observations) was formed. Information on birth outcome was obtained from the medical birth register. Information on absence from work, education, occupation, age, nationality and smoking habits was obtained from national registers. A job exposure matrix (FINJEM) was used to assess the exposure.ResultsPregnant women with low absence from work and high (>50th percentile) exposure to organic particles had an increased risk of giving birth to children with low birth weight (OR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.32), small for gestational age (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.38) or preterm birth (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.27). Subgroup analyses showed an increased risk of small for gestational age in association with exposure to oil mist. Exposure to oil mist and cooking fumes was associated with low birth weight. Paper and other organic dust was associated with preterm birth. Exposure to combustion products showed an increased risk of small for gestational age (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.71).ConclusionsThe results indicate that occupational exposure to organic particles or combustion products during pregnancy is associated with restriction of fetal growth and preterm birth. More studies are needed to confirm a casual association.
Structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and impedance spectroscopic studies on Ba1−xSrxTiO3(0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.35)
Authors: Pandey Shukdev , Parkash Om , Kumar Devendra 
Published: May 2019

Compositions with x = 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 and 0.35 were synthesized in the system [Formula: see text] using conventional solid state reaction method and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Tetragonal phase was confirmed in all the samples using Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns and observation of their Raman spectra. Dielectric and impedance measurements were carried out in the temperature range 300–723 K in the frequency range 1 Hz to 1 MHz. The samples exhibit diffuse phase transition (DPT). Equivalent circuit model involving combination of Constant Phase angle Elements (CPE) and resistances (R) was developed which represents the data well. Expressions for the values of resistances (R) were established in terms of composition and temperature empirically. P-E loops indicated normal ferroelectric behavior for all the samples. Dielectric constant was also measured in the frequency range 8–12 GHz in the X band of microwaves.
Geographical Information Science (GIS), spatial sampling and sediment variability examined using a case of manslaughter
Authors: McKinley Jennifer , Ruffell Alastair 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The body of a missing person was found adjacent to a 3 km long sand-covered forest track in an upland area of Northern Ireland (UK). Geological trace evidence in the form of sand was found in the passenger footwell and on the foot pedals of a vehicle belonging to the last known associates of the deceased. A Geographical Information Science (GIS) methodology was used to integrate regional geological and soil databases to confirm the provenance of the sand and to find geographical locations for control (or alibi) samples. To complement the forensic examination in the case, 77 samples were taken at the scene in order to test whether such a collection assists knowledge of the scene, or whether fewer, targeted samples at access points to the body would have sufficed. The results demonstrate the potential applications of a GIS approach and show the usefulness of employing a spatial sampling scheme to understand the degree of local variability between samples. The findings from this study demonstrated that fewer samples would have been sufficient to associate the questioned items with the scene, yet would not have demonstrated how other areas of the track could be progressively excluded from comparison.
Asporin Restricts Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Differentiation, Alters the Tumor Microenvironment, and Drives Metastatic Progression
Authors: Hughes Robert M. , Simons Brian W. , Khan Hamda , Miller Rebecca , Kugler Valentina , Torquato Samantha , Theodros Debebe , Haffner Michael C. , Lotan Tamara , Huang Jessie , Davicioni Elai , An Steven S. , Riddle Ryan C. , Thorek Daniel L.J. , Garraway Isla P. , Fertig Elana J. , Isaacs John T. , Brennen W. Nathaniel , Park Ben H. , Hurley Paula J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTumor progression to metastasis is not cancer cell autonomous, but rather involves the interplay of multiple cell types within the tumor microenvironment. Here we identify asporin (ASPN) as a novel, secreted mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) factor in the tumor microenvironment that regulates metastatic development. MSCs expressed high levels of ASPN, which decreased following lineage differentiation. ASPN loss impaired MSC self-renewal and promoted terminal cell differentiation. Mechanistically, secreted ASPN bound to BMP-4 and restricted BMP-4–induced MSC differentiation prior to lineage commitment. ASPN expression was distinctly conserved between MSC and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). ASPN expression in the tumor microenvironment broadly impacted multiple cell types. Prostate tumor allografts in ASPN-null mice had a reduced number of tumor-associated MSCs, fewer cancer stem cells, decreased tumor vasculature, and an increased percentage of infiltrating CD8+ T cells. ASPN-null mice also demonstrated a significant reduction in lung metastases compared with wild-type mice. These data establish a role for ASPN as a critical MSC factor that extensively affects the tumor microenvironment and induces metastatic progression.Significance:These findings show that asporin regulates key properties of mesenchymal stromal cells, including self-renewal and multipotency, and asporin expression by reactive stromal cells alters the tumor microenvironment and promotes metastatic progression.
No Wound for Stones &#x3c;2 cm in Horseshoe Kidney: A Systematic Review of Comparative Studies
Authors: Chen Han , Chen Gang , Pan Yang , Zhu Yunxiao , Xiong Chaoyu , Chen Hualin , Yang Ziyi 
Published: May 2019

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> No wound to the patients is the pursuit of surgeons. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and ureteroscopy (URS) are minimally invasive modalities for treating horseshoe kidney (HSK) stone &#x3c;2 cm. We aimed to review the outcomes and complications of comparing SWL and URS in HSK stone. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The literature was reviewed in the Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library up to March 1, 2018. Only 4 articles were available for analysis. Inclusion criteria were all English language articles reporting on the comparison between SWL and URS. <b><i>Results:</i></b> URS tends to be performed in a relatively heavier stone burden. The higher initial stone-free rate and success rate were demonstrated for URS than for SWL (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.00001, <i>p</i> = 0.02, respectively). The less retreatment rate was found in URS than SWL (<i>p</i> = 0.04). There was no difference in minor complications in the 2 groups (<i>p</i> = 0.57). Renal colic episodes were more likely to be observed in the SWL group (<i>p</i> = 0.02). There were no major complications found in the review. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> For a stone &#x3c;2 cm in HSK, both SWL and URS are safe treatment modalities. URS alone is a more feasible and sufficient option for stone in HSK &#x3c;2 cm than SWL with possibilities of a second session.
Nuclear Imaging
Authors: Hyafil Fabien , Vigne Jonathan 
Published: May 2019

Noninvasive imaging technologies offer to identify several anatomic and molecular features of high-risk plaques. For the noninvasive molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques, nuclear medicine constitutes one of the best imaging modalities, thanks to its high sensitivity for the detection of probes in tissues. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is currently the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaques with positron emission tomography. The intensity of FDG uptake in the vascular wall correlates closely with the degree of macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques. FDG positron emission tomographic imaging has become a powerful tool to identify and monitor noninvasively inflammatory activities in atherosclerotic plaques over time. This review examines how FDG positron emission tomographic imaging has given us deeper insight into the role of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque progression and discusses perspectives for alternative radiopharmaceuticals to FDG that could provide a more specific and simple identification of high-risk lesions and help improve risk stratification of atherosclerotic patients.

Visual Overview—
An online visual overview is available for this article.
Excess Mortality Associated With Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation Complicating Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Benfari Giovanni , Antoine Clemence , Miller Wayne L. , Thapa Prabin , Topilsky Yan , Rossi Andrea , Michelena Hector I. , Pislaru Sorin , Enriquez-Sarano Maurice 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) is common in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and mostly consequent to pulmonary hypertension. However, the intrinsic clinical implications of FTR are not fully understood.

Methods:
The cohort of all Mayo Clinic patients from 2003 to 2011 diagnosed with heart failure stage B-C and ejection fraction<50%, with FTR grading and systolic pulmonary artery pressure estimation by Doppler echocardiography was identified and outcomes were analyzed. Patients with pacemakers/defibrillators, organic valve disease, or previous valve surgery were excluded. The primary outcome measure was overall mortality (censored at implantation of a defibrillator, ventricular assist device, or cardiac transplantation), adjusting for clinical and echocardiographic associates with mortality and major comorbidities.

Results:

Among 13 026 patients meeting inclusion criteria, FTR was detected in 88% (N=11 507: 33% trivial, 32% mild, 17% moderate, and 6% severe), aged 68±14 years, 35% women, ejection fraction 36±10%, systolic pulmonary artery pressure 41±14 mm Hg with 20% atrial fibrillation. Covariates independently associated with FTR included elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure, older age, female sex, lower ejection fraction, mitral regurgitation, and atrial fibrillation (all
P
<0.0001). FTR was independently associated with more dyspnea, impaired kidney function, and lower cardiac output (
P
<0.003 for all). For long-term outcome, higher FTR degree compared with trivial tricuspid regurgitation was independently associated with higher mortality (adjusted hazard ratios 1.09 [1.01-1.17] for mild FTR, 1.21 [1.11-1.33] for moderate FTR and 1.57 [1.39-1.78] for severe FTR); hence, 5-year survival was substantially lower with increasing severity of functional FTR, 68±1% for trivial FTR, 58±2% for mild FTR, 45±2% for moderate FTR, and 34±4% for severe FTR.

Conclusions:
In this large cohort of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, FTR was common and independently associated with pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and more severe heart failure presentation. Long-term, higher FTR severity is associated with considerably worse survival, independently of baseline characteristics. Given these untoward outcomes associated with FTR in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, clinical trials should be directed at testing FTR treatment.
Uncovering the challenges to menstrual health: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of adolescent girls in government schools of Delhi
Authors: Rastogi Shreya , Khanna Aparna , Mathur Pulkit 
Published: May 2019

Background: Menstrual hygiene management is a significant issue affecting the health of women around the world. Lack of knowledge and awareness about menstruation and the silence surrounding it is a risk factor for all women. Objective: The objectives of this study were to elicit the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescent girls (13–15 years) regarding issues related to menstruation and to assess the barriers that prevent them from practising menstrual hygiene. Design and Setting: Cross-sectional study involving 187 adolescent girls from four government schools of Delhi. Method: Information was obtained using a mixed-methods approach, including a pretested questionnaire and focus group discussions with girls, parents and school staff. Results: Only 40% of girls were aware of menstruation prior to menarche. The majority of girls (95.7%) did not know the source of menstrual blood. About two-thirds (65.8%) of girls were unaware that the menstrual blood flow could be affected by anaemia. Approximately 17% of the girls believed a woman to be impure during menstruation. About half of the girls absented themselves from school for the first 2–3 days of their menstrual cycle. Thirty-four percent girls did not bathe at all during their menstrual period and a similar number of girls did not bathe daily while menstruating. Dysmenorrhoea was a common problem among 60% of girls. The mothers of girls were identified as the major source of information about menstruation. However, mothers believed that school teachers should also be imparting this knowledge. Teachers expressed the belief that menstrual hygiene was poor among girls. The provision of free sanitary napkins in school has improved hygiene levels. Conclusion: Strategic behaviour change interventions should be designed involving all stakeholders to ensure a sustained change in knowledge, attitude and practices so as to ensure the better health of adolescent girls.
Effect of intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin before frozen–thawed embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes in women with endometriosis
Authors: Xu Zhihui , Chen Wenming , Chen Chune , Xiao Yikang , Chen Xia 
Published: May 2019

Objective To investigate the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) intrauterine injection before frozen–thawed embryo transfer (FET) in women with endometriosis. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 45 women with endometriosis who underwent hCG intrauterine injection before FET; each woman was matched with three patients with endometriosis who did not receive hCG intrauterine injection (controls). Data on pregnancy and prenatal outcomes were extracted from medical records and compared. Results Patients in the hCG intrauterine injection group had significantly higher rates of pregnancy and clinical pregnancy (64.4% and 57.8%, respectively) than controls (47.4% and 39.3%, respectively). Neonatal birth weight for both singletons and twins was significantly higher in the hCG group (3486 ± 458 g and 2710 ± 437 g, respectively) than in the control group (3195 ± 401 g and 2419 ± 370 g, respectively). Conclusion Pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and birth weight were improved in women with endometriosis who underwent intrauterine hCG injection compared with those who did not receive hCG before FET.
Nasolabial Aesthetics Following Cleft Repair: An Objective Evaluation of Subjective Assessment
Authors: Kantar Rami S. , Maliha Samantha G. , Alfonso Allyson R. , Wang Maxime M. , Ramly Elie P. , Eisemann Bradley S. , Shetye Pradip R. , Grayson Barry H. , Flores Roberto L. 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Assess the weight and contribution of each of the parameters of the Asher-McDade Scale to overall subjective assessment of nasolabial aesthetics following cleft lip repair. Design: Retrospective cohort evaluation. Setting: Cleft and craniofacial center. Participants: Forty-one patients who underwent unilateral cleft lip repair. Interventions: Unilateral cleft lip repair. Main Outcome Measures: Nasolabial rating using the Asher-McDade scale and overall subjective assessment of nasolabial aesthetics using a rank score following unilateral cleft lip repair. Results: Strong interrater reliability was observed between the 3 raters. Significant association was determined on bivariate analysis between nasal form score (β = 27.06; P < .001), nasal symmetry score (β = 26.41; P < .001), nasal profile score (β = 28.75; P < .001), vermilion border score (β = 13.40; P = .012), and the ranking score. Adjusted β coefficients obtained from multivariate regression analysis were used to develop a modified nasolabial appearance score (over 5), that is, weighted for each of the 4 parameters: nasal form (over 8, adjusted β = 14.33), nasal symmetry (over 5, adjusted β = 7.96), nasal profile (over 5, adjusted β = 9.44), and vermilion (over 2, adjusted β = 3.31). Regression analysis between our modified nasolabial appearance score and patient ranking score demonstrated superior goodness of fit when compared to the Asher-McDade overall nasolabial appearance score ( R2 = .80; P < .001 vs R2 = .69; P < .001). Conclusion: The parameters evaluated in the Asher-McDade scale have different weights and contribute differently to overall subjective assessment of nasolabial aesthetic outcomes following cleft lip repair. Adjusting for their weights results in a modified score that demonstrates superior correlation with overall subjective assessment of nasolabial aesthetic outcomes.
Intensive safety monitoring program of antineoplastic medicines: A pilot study in a Portuguese oncology hospital
Authors: Mendes Diogo , Rigueiro Graça , Silva Rui S , Penedones Ana , Alves Carlos , Sousa Gabriela , Batel-Marques Francisco 
Published: May 2019

Purpose The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and the usefulness of an intensive safety monitoring program to identify adverse drug reactions for medicines under additional monitoring that are used to treat cancer patients within a Portuguese oncology hospital. Methods This pilot intensive safety monitoring program was a three-month prospective, observational study. Patients undergoing treatment with one of the following medicines were included: nivolumab, olaparib, palbociclib, pembrolizumab, pertuzumab, ramucirumab, ribociclib, trastuzumab emtansine, or trifluridine/tipiracil. Potential eligible patients were identified by pharmacists based on prescription data. Clinicians used proper paper-based reporting forms to record adverse drug reactions. Clinical secretariats sent those reports through an electronic platform to the pharmacovigilance department for analysis. Results Seventy-five patients were on treatment with selected medicines. Of those, 33 (44%) experienced adverse drug reactions: 23 (69.7%) cases were serious and 5 (15.2%) unexpected. Considering the number of patients exposed to each medicine and the number of patients experiencing adverse drug reactions, trifluridine/tipiracil (72.7%; 8/11) was associated with the highest rate of toxicity, followed by olaparib (66.7%; 2/3), trastuzumab emtansine (50.0%; 3/6), pertuzumab (47.8%; 11/23), pembrolizumab (45.5%; 5/11), palbociclib (25.0%; 1/4), and nivolumab (18.8%; 3/16). A total of 59 adverse drug reactions were identified (i.e. 1.8 adverse drug reactions/patient), mainly gastrointestinal disorders ( n = 15; 25.4%), and blood and lymphatic system disorders ( n = 14; 23.7%). Conclusion This intensive safety monitoring program was feasible and allowed identifying serious and unexpected adverse drug reactions, adding value to pharmacovigilance and therefore contributing to improve patient safety. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this pilot study.
The impact of At1r inhibition via losartan on the anti-leukaemic effects of doxorubicin in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Ghasemi Mehdi , Okay Mufide , Turk Seyhan , Naeemaee Ronak , Guver Ebru , Malkan Umit Y , Aksu Salih , Sayinalp Nilgun , Haznedaroglu Ibrahim C 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Bone marrow renin–angiotensin system(RAS) modulates acute myeloid leukaemia(AML).The aim of this study is to clarify the relationships between RAS and AML, and to show the effect of losartan and doxorubicin treatment in AML cell lines. Methods: AML cell lines including CESS, HL-60, MO-1, P31/FUJ, GDM-1 and KASUMI-3 were used as models in this study. Results: After treating the six AML cell lines with a combination of losartan and doxorubicin, they were divided into two groups based on their behaviour: one became more sensitive to drug treatment (Group A) and the other had no change observed in behaviour after drug treatment (Group B). In silico analyses showed that Group A is involved in cellular apoptosis, while Group B is involved in tumour angiogenesis further supporting the in vitro results. Conclusion: The combined treatment of the AML cell lines with losartan and doxorubicin resulted in an increase in sensitivity of some of the cell lines. Those leukaemic cells are modulated via the induction of apoptosis, whereas the other cells resistant to the drug treatment are closely related to tumour angiogenesis indicating that RAS-AT1R seems to be differently expressed in different leukaemic blast cells and tumour microenvironments. Pharmaco-biological actions of RAS inhibitors may be different in distinct leukaemic cells based on the pathological behaviour of AML genomic subtypes.