bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D variable-grid full-waveform inversion on GPU
Authors: Wang Zi-Ying , Huang Jian-Ping , Liu Ding-Jin , Li Zhen-Chun , Yong Peng , Yang Zhen-Jie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful tool to reconstruct subsurface geophysical parameters with high resolution. As 3D surveys become widely implemented, corresponding 3D processing techniques are required to solve complex geological cases, while a large amount of computation is the most challenging problem. We propose an adaptive variable-grid 3D FWI on graphics processing unit devices to improve computational efficiency without losing accuracy. The irregular-grid discretization strategy is based on a dispersion relation, and the grid size adapts to depth, velocity, and frequency automatically. According to the transformed grid coordinates, we derive a modified acoustic wave equation and apply it to full wavefield simulation. The 3D variable-grid modeling is conducted on several 3D models to validate its feasibility, accuracy and efficiency. Then we apply the proposed modeling method to full-waveform inversion for source and residual wavefield propagation. It is demonstrated that the adaptive variable-grid FWI is capable of decreasing computing time and memory requirements. From the inversion results of the 3D SEG/EAGE overthrust model, our method retains inversion accuracy when recovering both thrust and channels.
The Incidence of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Sørensen Jeanette , Schantz Laursen Birgitte , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Krarup Anne Lund 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionSeveral studies have suggested that patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently have symptoms of sexual dysfunction.AimThe current study aims to map the current knowledge about the burden of sexual dysfunction in patients with IBS.MethodsA literature review was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE using the following search terms or combinations thereof: irritable bowel syndrome; functional colonic disease; sexual function; sexual health; sexual behavior; sexual dysfunction; dyspareunia; erectile dysfunction; quality of life; and questionnaire.Main Outcome MeasureSexual dysfunction.Results1,273 texts were found, 331 duplicates were removed, and 844 texts were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 98 full text articles. These were examined and it was found that 41 fulfilled the criteria. 4 questionnaires were found; Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire, the Irritable Bowel Syndrome – Quality of Life (IBSQOL) questionnaire, the Irritable Bowel Syndrome-36 question (IBS-36) questionnaire, and the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale. Subscores for sexual relations in IBS-QOL ranged from 37.7−100 (11.9) for patients with IBS and 82.2−100 (6.6) for controls. The IBSQOL and IBS-36 subscores for sexual relations ranged from 49.7−90.5 (9) to 3.9−5.4 (0.8) with no healthy controls for comparison. After interventions were implemented, there was an improvement in subscores (the IBS-QOL mean changed to 10.5%, IBSQOL mean changed to 3.8%, and the IBS-36 mean changed to 40%). The study using Arizona Sexual Experience Scale showed that 51% of patients with IBS had sexual dysfunction and also scored lower on the IBSQOL questionnaire.ConclusionThe information about sexual dysfunction in patients with IBS is sparse and emerges primarily from quality of life questionnaires. It seems as though patients with IBS have more sexual problems compared to controls, but further investigation regarding the extent and type of sexual dysfunction is needed.
The Designation of a Deleuzian Philosophy for Environmental Education and Its Consequences…
Authors: Cole David R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe philosophy of Gilles Deleuze has become popular in recent moves to embed approaches such as the new materialist and the posthuman in environmental education. Certainly, a newfound respect for the material universe, including the comprehension of the human place in it, and the tendency to a posthuman theoretical position, are both important given the contemporary environmental crisis, named as the Anthropocene. However, this article will argue that both these philosophies do not go far enough. This is because they must retain a political, social and critical edge if they are to be effective, and this edge can be too easily disregarded in the pursuit of increased engagement with the material and everything not human. In contrast, this article will put forward a Deleuzian approach to environmental education, based on the intellectual quadrant of Spinoza-Marx-Nietzsche-Bergson (Figure 1). It will be argued that only by fully connecting these often conflicting and disparate philosophies that a workable new synthesis for environmental education and a cartography for learning can be achieved. The Deleuzian approach to environmental education will be exemplified through an analysis of current environmental practises in schools as assemblage.
Polylogarithmic bounds in the nilpotent Freiman theorem
Authors: TOINTON MATTHEW C. H. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe show that if A is a finite K-approximate subgroup of an s-step nilpotent group then there is a finite normal subgroup $H \subset {A^{{K^{{O_s}(1)}}}}$ modulo which ${A^{{O_s}(\mathop {\log }\nolimits^{{O_s}(1)} K)}}$ contains a nilprogression of rank at most ${O_s}(\mathop {\log }\nolimits^{{O_s}(1)} K)$ and size at least $\exp ( - {O_s}(\mathop {\log }\nolimits^{{O_s}(1)} K))|A|$. This partially generalises the close-to-optimal bounds obtained in the abelian case by Sanders, and improves the bounds and simplifies the exposition of an earlier result of the author. Combined with results of Breuillard–Green, Breuillard–Green–Tao, Gill–Helfgott–Pyber–Szabó, and the author, this leads to improved rank bounds in Freiman-type theorems in residually nilpotent groups and certain linear groups of bounded degree.
Dispersionless integrable hierarchies andGL(2, ℝ) geometry
Authors: FERAPONTOV EVGENY , KRUGLIKOV BORIS 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParaconformal orGL(2, ℝ) geometry on ann-dimensional manifoldMis defined by a field of rational normal curves of degreen– 1 in the projectivised cotangent bundle ℙT*M. Such geometry is known to arise on solution spaces of ODEs with vanishing Wünschmann (Doubrov–Wilczynski) invariants. In this paper we discuss yet another natural source ofGL(2, ℝ) structures, namely dispersionless integrable hierarchies of PDEs such as the dispersionless Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (dKP) hierarchy. In the latter context,GL(2, ℝ) structures coincide with the characteristic variety (principal symbol) of the hierarchy.Dispersionless hierarchies provide explicit examples of particularly interesting classes of involutiveGL(2, ℝ) structures studied in the literature. Thus, we obtain torsion-freeGL(2, ℝ) structures of Bryant [5] that appeared in the context of exotic holonomy in dimension four, as well as totally geodesicGL(2, ℝ) structures of Krynski [33]. The latter possess a compatible affine connection (with torsion) and a two-parameter family of totally geodesicα-manifolds (coming from the dispersionless Lax equations), which makes them a natural generalisation of the Einstein–Weyl geometry.Our main result states that involutiveGL(2, ℝ) structures are governed by a dispersionless integrable system whose general local solution depends on 2n– 4 arbitrary functions of 3 variables. This establishes integrability of the system of Wünschmann conditions.
Neurobehavioral phenotype of autism spectrum disorder associated with germline heterozygous mutations in PTEN
Authors: Busch Robyn M. , Srivastava Siddharth , Hogue Olivia , Frazier Thomas W. , Klaas Patricia , Hardan Antonio , Martinez-Agosto Julian A. , Sahin Mustafa , Eng Charis ,   on behalf of the Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium, Warfield Simon K. , Scherrer Benoit , Dies Kira , Filip-Dhima Rajna , Gulsrud Amanda , Hanson Ellen , Phillips Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGermline mutations in PTEN, the gene that encodes phosphatase and tensin homolog, have been identified in up to 20% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and macrocephaly and are associated with marked abnormalities in the white matter of the brain. This study sought to characterize the neurobehavioral phenotype of PTEN-ASD. Comprehensive neurobehavioral evaluations were conducted in 36 participants (ages 3–21 years) with PTEN-ASD and compared to two groups of controls: non-syndromic ASD with macrocephaly (Macro-ASD, n = 25) and those with PTEN mutations without ASD (PTEN-no ASD, n = 23). Linear regression analysis or Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine group differences on neurobehavioral measures (cognitive, behavioral, sensory, and adaptive functioning) and, for select measures, one-sample t-tests were used to compare group performance to healthy control norms. These analyses revealed a distinct neuropsychological profile associated with mutations in PTEN suggesting primary disruption of frontal lobe systems (i.e., attention, impulsivity, reaction time, processing speed, and motor coordination). Cognitive deficits in PTEN-ASD are more severe than those in PTEN-no ASD and extend to other areas of neurobehavioral function, specifically, adaptive behavior and sensory deficits. While core ASD symptoms are similar in PTEN-ASD and Macro-ASD, PTEN-ASD had lower clinical ratings of autism severity and showed more sensory abnormalities suggestive of less sensory responsiveness. Together, these results suggest that PTEN-ASD has a distinct neurobehavioral phenotype compared to idiopathic ASD that is likely to warrant special consideration for overall assessment and treatment.
From spinodal decomposition to alternating layered structure within single crystals of biogenic magnesium calcite
Authors: Seknazi Eva , Kozachkevich Stas , Polishchuk Iryna , Bianco Stein Nuphar , Villanova Julie , Suuronen Jussi-Petteri , Dejoie Catherine , Zaslansky Paul , Katsman Alex , Pokroy Boaz 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs organisms can form crystals only under ambient conditions, they demonstrate fascinating strategies to overcome this limitation. Recently, we reported a previously unknown biostrategy for toughening brittle calcite crystals, using coherently incorporated Mg-rich nanoprecipitates arranged in a layered manner in the lenses of a brittle star, Ophiocoma wendtii. Here we propose the mechanisms of formation of this functional hierarchical structure under conditions of ambient temperature and limited solid diffusion. We propose that formation proceeds via a spinodal decomposition of a liquid or gel-like magnesium amorphous calcium carbonate (Mg-ACC) precursor into Mg-rich nanoparticles and a Mg-depleted amorphous matrix. In a second step, crystallization of the decomposed amorphous precursor leads to the formation of high-Mg particle-rich layers. The model is supported by our experimental results in synthetic systems. These insights have significant implications for fundamental understanding of the role of Mg-ACC material transformation during crystallization and its subsequent stability.
Intertwined dipolar and multipolar order in the triangular-lattice magnet TmMgGaO4
Authors: Shen Yao , Liu Changle , Qin Yayuan , Shen Shoudong , Li Yao-Dong , Bewley Robert , Schneidewind Astrid , Chen Gang , Zhao Jun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA phase transition is often accompanied by the appearance of an order parameter and symmetry breaking. Certain magnetic materials exhibit exotic hidden-order phases, in which the order parameters are not directly accessible to conventional magnetic measurements. Thus, experimental identification and theoretical understanding of a hidden order are difficult. Here we combine neutron scattering and thermodynamic probes to study the newly discovered rare-earth triangular-lattice magnet TmMgGaO4. Clear magnetic Bragg peaks at K points are observed in the elastic neutron diffraction measurements. More interesting, however, is the observation of sharp and highly dispersive spin excitations that cannot be explained by a magnetic dipolar order, but instead is the direct consequence of the underlying multipolar order that is “hidden” in the neutron diffraction experiments. We demonstrate that the observed unusual spin correlations and thermodynamics can be accurately described by a transverse field Ising model on the triangular lattice with an intertwined dipolar and ferro-multipolar order.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of multidrug resistant bacteria on intensive care unit surfaces
Authors: D’Souza Alaric W. , Potter Robert F. , Wallace Meghan , Shupe Angela , Patel Sanket , Sun Xiaoqing , Gul Danish , Kwon Jennie H. , Andleeb Saadia , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Dantas Gautam 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBacterial pathogens that infect patients also contaminate hospital surfaces. These contaminants impact hospital infection control and epidemiology, prompting quantitative examination of their transmission dynamics. Here we investigate spatiotemporal and phylogenetic relationships of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria on intensive care unit surfaces from two hospitals in the United States (US) and Pakistan collected over one year. MDR bacteria isolated from 3.3% and 86.7% of US and Pakistani surfaces, respectively, include common nosocomial pathogens, rare opportunistic pathogens, and novel taxa. Common nosocomial isolates are dominated by single lineages of different clones, are phenotypically MDR, and have high resistance gene burdens. Many resistance genes (e.g., blaNDM, blaOXA carbapenamases), are shared by multiple species and flanked by mobilization elements. We identify Acinetobacter baumannii and Enterococcus faecium co-association on multiple surfaces, and demonstrate these species establish synergistic biofilms in vitro. Our results highlight substantial MDR pathogen burdens in hospital built-environments, provide evidence for spatiotemporal-dependent transmission, and demonstrate potential mechanisms for multi-species surface persistence.
Structural basis of the activation of type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor
Authors: Li Jie , Choi Eunhee , Yu Hongtao , Bai Xiao-chen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractType 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cell growth and proliferation, and can be activated by IGF1, IGF2, and insulin. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of full-length IGF1R–IGF1 complex in the active state. This structure reveals that only one IGF1 molecule binds the Γ-shaped asymmetric IGF1R dimer. The IGF1-binding site is formed by the L1 and CR domains of one IGF1R protomer and the α-CT and FnIII-1 domains of the other. The liganded α-CT forms a rigid beam-like structure with the unliganded α-CT, which hinders the conformational change of the unliganded α-CT required for binding of a second IGF1 molecule. We further identify an L1–FnIII-2 interaction that mediates the dimerization of membrane-proximal domains of IGF1R. This interaction is required for optimal receptor activation. Our study identifies a source of the negative cooperativity in IGF1 binding to IGF1R and reveals the structural basis of IGF1R activation.
Mesopelagic fishes dominate otolith record of past two millennia in the Santa Barbara Basin
Authors: Jones William A. , Checkley David M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe mesopelagic (200–1000 m) separates the productive upper ocean from the deep ocean, yet little is known of its long-term dynamics despite recent research that suggests fishes of this zone likely dominate global fish biomass and contribute to the downward flux of carbon. Here we show that mesopelagic fishes dominate the otolith (ear bone) record in anoxic sediment layers of the Santa Barbara Basin over the past two millennia. Among these mesopelagic fishes, otoliths from families Bathylagidae (deep-sea smelts) and Myctophidae (lanternfish) are most abundant. Otolith deposition rate fluctuates at decadal to centennial time scales and covaries with proxies for upper ocean temperature, consistent with climate forcing. Moreover, otolith deposition rate and proxies for temperature and primary productivity show contemporaneous discontinuities during the Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age. Mesopelagic fishes may serve as proxies for future climatic influence at those depths including effects on the carbon cycle.
One-shot preparation of topologically chimeric nanofibers via a gradient supramolecular copolymerization
Authors: Kitamoto Yuichi , Pan Ziyan , Prabhu Deepak D. , Isobe Atsushi , Ohba Tomonori , Shimizu Nobutaka , Takagi Hideaki , Haruki Rie , Adachi Shin-ichi , Yagai Shiki 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSupramolecular polymers have emerged in the last decade as highly accessible polymeric nanomaterials. An important step toward finely designed nanomaterials with versatile functions, such as those of natural proteins, is intricate topological control over their main chains. Herein, we report the facile one-shot preparation of supramolecular copolymers involving segregated secondary structures. By cooling non-polar solutions containing two monomers that individually afford helically folded and linearly extended secondary structures, we obtain unique nanofibers with coexisting distinct secondary structures. A spectroscopic analysis of the formation process of such topologically chimeric fibers reveals that the monomer composition varies gradually during the polymerization due to the formation of heteromeric hydrogen-bonded intermediates. We further demonstrate the folding of these chimeric fibers by light-induced deformation of the linearly extended segments.
Supersonic turbulent flow simulation using a scalable parallel modal discontinuous Galerkin numerical method
Authors: Houba Tomas , Dasgupta Arnob , Gopalakrishnan Shivasubramanian , Gosse Ryan , Roy Subrata 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe scalability and efficiency of numerical methods on parallel computer architectures is of prime importance as we march towards exascale computing. Classical methods like finite difference schemes and finite volume methods have inherent roadblocks in their mathematical construction to achieve good scalability. These methods are popularly used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid flow simulations. The discontinuous Galerkin family of methods for solving continuum partial differential equations has shown promise in realizing parallel efficiency and scalability when approaching petascale computations. In this paper an explicit modal discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method utilizing Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES) is proposed for unsteady turbulent flow simulations involving the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. A study of the method was performed for the Taylor-Green vortex case at a Reynolds number ranging from 100 to 1600. The polynomial order P = 2 (third order accurate) was found to closely match the Direct Navier-Stokes (DNS) results for all Reynolds numbers tested outside of Re = 1600, which had a normalized RMS error of 3.43 × 10−4 in the dissipation rate for a 603 element mesh. The scalability and performance study of the method was then conducted for a Reynolds number of 1600 for polynomials orders from P = 2 to P = 6. The highest order polynomial that was tested (P = 6) was found to have the most efficient scalability using both the MPI and OpenMP implementations.
Development of a real-time endoscopic image diagnosis support system using deep learning technology in colonoscopy
Authors: Yamada Masayoshi , Saito Yutaka , Imaoka Hitoshi , Saiko Masahiro , Yamada Shigemi , Kondo Hiroko , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Taku , Sese Jun , Kuchiba Aya , Shibata Taro , Hamamoto Ryuji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGaps in colonoscopy skills among endoscopists, primarily due to experience, have been identified, and solutions are critically needed. Hence, the development of a real-time robust detection system for colorectal neoplasms is considered to significantly reduce the risk of missed lesions during colonoscopy. Here, we develop an artificial intelligence (AI) system that automatically detects early signs of colorectal cancer during colonoscopy; the AI system shows the sensitivity and specificity are 97.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 95.9%–98.4%) and 99.0% (95% CI = 98.6%–99.2%), respectively, and the area under the curve is 0.975 (95% CI = 0.964–0.986) in the validation set. Moreover, the sensitivities are 98.0% (95% CI = 96.6%–98.8%) in the polypoid subgroup and 93.7% (95% CI = 87.6%–96.9%) in the non-polypoid subgroup; To accelerate the detection, tensor metrics in the trained model was decomposed, and the system can predict cancerous regions 21.9 ms/image on average. These findings suggest that the system is sufficient to support endoscopists in the high detection against non-polypoid lesions, which are frequently missed by optical colonoscopy. This AI system can alert endoscopists in real-time to avoid missing abnormalities such as non-polypoid polyps during colonoscopy, improving the early detection of this disease.
Doc2b Ca2+ binding site mutants enhance synaptic release at rest at the expense of sustained synaptic strength
Authors: Bourgeois-Jaarsma Quentin , Verhage Matthijs , Groffen Alexander J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCommunication between neurons involves presynaptic neurotransmitter release which can be evoked by action potentials or occur spontaneously as a result of stochastic vesicle fusion. The Ca2+-binding double C2 proteins Doc2a and –b were implicated in spontaneous and asynchronous evoked release, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we compared wildtype Doc2b with two Ca2+ binding site mutants named DN and 6A, previously classified as gain- and loss-of-function mutants. They carry the substitutions D218,220N or D163,218,220,303,357,359A respectively. We found that both mutants bound phospholipids at low Ca2+ concentrations and were membrane-associated in resting neurons, thus mimicking a Ca2+-activated state. Their overexpression in hippocampal primary cultured neurons had similar effects on spontaneous and evoked release, inducing high mEPSC frequencies and increased short-term depression. Together, these data suggest that the DN and 6A mutants both act as gain-of-function mutants at resting conditions.
Association between oral health and dementia in the elderly: a population-based study in Korea
Authors: Lee Kyeong Hee , Choi Yoon Young 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe have investigated the association of oral health with development of dementia in elderly Koreans. Data for subjects aged ≥65 years who underwent regular National Health Insurance Service check-ups and received dental care in 2017 were analysed. Those treated for dementia in 2017 served as the dementia group and those with no record of dementia in 2002–2017 as the control group. Explanatory variables were sex, age, household income, place of residence, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and presence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, periodontitis, and removable dentures. Regression analysis showed that dementia was significantly more common in women than in men and in those aged ≥81 years than in those aged 65–70 years. The risk of dementia was highest in the ‘upper-middle’ income group and in the rural population. Smokers and those who consumed alcohol were less likely to develop dementia. Subjects with diabetes were more likely to have dementia than those without it, as were those with hypertension. Dementia was less likely in subjects with periodontitis and more likely in those with removable dentures. Therefore, loss of teeth may contribute to development of dementia.