bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rivaroxaban and macitentan can be coadministered without dose adjustment but the combination of rivaroxaban and St John's wort should be avoided
Authors: Huppertz Andrea , Werntz Lars , Meid Andreas D. , Foerster Kathrin I. , Burhenne Jürgen , Czock David , Mikus Gerd , Haefeli Walter E. 
Published: September 2018

AimsWe assessed the potential mutual interaction of oral macitentan (cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 substrate) at steady‐state with single‐dose oral rivaroxaban (CYP3A4 and P‐glycoprotein substrate) and evaluated the effect of the CYP3A and P‐glycoprotein inducer St John's wort (SJW) on the pharmacokinetics of these drugs in healthy volunteers.MethodsTwelve healthy volunteers completed this open‐label, monocentre, two‐period, one‐sequence phase I clinical trial. The pharmacokinetics of macitentan (10 mg) was assessed on study days 3 (single dose), 15 (steady‐state), 16 (impact of rivaroxaban) and 29 (after induction by oral SJW), and of rivaroxaban on days 2 (single dose), 16 (impact of macitentan at steady‐state) and 29 (after induction by SJW). Concurrently, we quantified changes of CYP3A activity using oral microdoses of midazolam (30 μg).ResultsRivaroxaban and macitentan did not significantly change the pharmacokinetics of each other. After induction with SJW, CYP3A activity increased by 272% and geometric mean ratios of macitentan AUC decreased by 48% and of Cmax by 45%. Concurrently, also geometric mean ratios of rivaroxaban AUC and Cmax decreased by 25%.ConclusionsThere is no evidence for a relevant pharmacokinetic interaction between macitentan and rivaroxaban suggesting that these two drugs can be combined without dose adjustment. SJW strongly increased CYP3A activity and substantially reduced rivaroxaban and macitentan exposure while estimated net endothelin antagonism only decreased by 20%, which is considered clinically irrelevant. The combination of SJW with rivaroxaban should be avoided.
Evaluation of Ready, Set, BABY: A prenatal breastfeeding education and counseling approach
Authors: Parry Kathleen C. , Tully Kristin P. , Hopper Lorenzo N. , Schildkamp Paige E. , Labbok Miriam H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundComprehensive prenatal education on infant feeding is recommended by many United States health organizations because of the need to maximize maternal preparedness for managing lactation physiology. Ready, Set, BABY (RSB) is a curriculum developed for counseling women about breastfeeding benefits and management including education on optimal maternity care practices. We hypothesized that RSB would be acceptable to mothers and that mothers’ strength of breastfeeding intentions would increase, and their comfort with the idea of formula feeding would decrease after educational counseling using the materials. We also hypothesized that mothers’ knowledge of optimal maternity care practices would increase after participation.MethodsMaterials were sent to a total of seven sites in the United States and Puerto Rico. Local health care practitioners completed training before counseling mothers with the curriculum. A pre‐ and postintervention questionnaire was administered to participants. Statistical analysis of results included paired t tests, Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests, and McNemar’s tests.ResultsFour hundred and sixteen expectant women participated. In the pre‐ and postintervention comparison, maternal participation in RSB significantly improved Infant Feeding Intentions Scale scores (P < 0.001) and knowledge of Baby‐Friendly recommended maternity care practices (P < 0.001), while significantly decreasing comfort with the idea of formula feeding (P < 0.001). The education materials were positively rated by participants.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that the approach of using RSB in prenatal counseling group classes or individual sessions improves breastfeeding intentions. Future testing is needed to determine the effectiveness of the materials for impacting breastfeeding outcomes.
Phase 3 randomised study of avatrombopag, a novel thrombopoietin receptor agonist for the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Jurczak Wojciech , Chojnowski Krzysztof , Mayer Jiří , Krawczyk Katarzyna , Jamieson Brian D. , Tian Wei , Allen Lee F. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAvatrombopag, an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist, was compared with placebo in a 6‐month, multicentre, randomised, double‐blind, parallel‐group Phase 3 study, with an open‐label extension phase, to assess the efficacy and safety of avatrombopag (20 mg/day) in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and a platelet count <30 × 109/l (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01438840). The primary endpoint was the cumulative number of weeks of platelet response (platelet count ≥50 × 109/l) without rescue therapy for bleeding; secondary endpoints included platelet response rate at day 8 and reductions in the use of concomitant medications. Amongst the 49 patients randomised, avatrombopag (N = 32) was superior to placebo (N = 17) in the median cumulative number of weeks of platelet response (12·4 vs. 0·0 weeks, respectively; P < 0·0001). At day 8, a greater platelet response rate was also observed for patients treated with avatrombopag compared with placebo (65·63% vs. 0·0%; P < 0·0001), and use of concomitant ITP medications was also reduced amongst patients receiving avatrombopag. The safety profile of avatrombopag was consistent with Phase 2 studies; the most common adverse events were headache and contusion. Overall, avatrombopag was well tolerated and efficacious for the treatment of chronic ITP.
Family, Place and the Intergenerational Transmission of Union Membership
Authors: Bryson Alex , Davies Rhys 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article examines the importance of family, gender and place to the intergenerational transmission of trade union membership. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, we show that union membership among parents influences the union joining behaviour of young workers. These effects are particularly apparent among daughters and where both parents are members of unions. The effects of parental membership are also stronger among those born in areas characterized by relatively high levels of union density. Parental effects are therefore important to our understanding of the persistence of regional variations in levels of trade union membership.
The prenatal diagnosis of aortopulmonary window by fetal echocardiography
Authors: Yu Shaomei , Han Jiancheng , Gao Shuang , Liu Xiaowei , Gu Xiaoyan , Zhang Ye , Sun Lin , He Yihua 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to analyze the fetal echocardiographic features and the associated anomalies of prenatal aortopulmonary window (APW).MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the fetal echocardiographic database (n = 24 000) in our hospital between May 2012 and December 2017. The general clinical information, fetal echocardiographic features, and the associated anomalies in patients with APW were analyzed. Four patients had undergone whole genome sequencing using fetal tissues.ResultsSix cases of APW confirmed by autopsy were identified in our fetal echocardiographic database. On the three‐vessel view, a communication between the pulmonary artery trunk and ascending aorta was noted above the two semilunar valves in all cases. The most frequent type of APW among the cases was type II, and all cases were associated with other cardiac anomalies. No pathogenic or suspected pathogenic copy number variation or insertion‐deletions were detected in this series.ConclusionPrenatal diagnosis of APW is feasible, which is helpful during prenatal consultations, so that parents can make better decisions regarding postpartum treatment options and pregnancy outcomes.
Lambari fish Deuterodon iguape as an alternative to live bait for estuarine recreational fishing
Authors: Henriques Marcelo Barbosa , Fagundes Lúcio , Petesse Maria Letizia , da Silva Newton José Rodrigues , Rezende Karina Fernandes Oliveira , Barbieri Edison 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFishing tourism is growing steadily in Brazil. Artisanal fishers meeting the demand for recreational fishing are capturing live juvenile shrimp in the estuaries and selling them for live bait, preventing the recruitment of a larger contingent into the ocean. This study compares the efficiency of using lambari, Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann, as live bait with the shrimp, Penaeus schmitti Burkenroad, while fishing for common snook (Centropomus spp.), as well as to evaluate the swimming behaviour of D. iguape in different salinities. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the live baits used (P. schmitti vs D. iguape). The month, the period of the day and salinity presented differences. The size of the species did not depend on the type of bait used. There was no statistical difference in swimming behaviour, but there was a trend of increased speed and displacement in the group exposed to a salinity of 10 g/L. In conclusion, D. iguape appears as effective as P. schmitti and can be successfully used as live bait; and from an ecological point of view, it reduces the impact of fishing on juvenile shrimp.
Cell size and acid tolerance constrain pond diatom distributions in the subarctic
Authors: Teittinen Anette , Weckström Jan , Soininen Janne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNiche characteristics and traits affect species distributions. However, their effects on the distribution of microorganisms remain understudied, especially in subarctic regions. Our aim was to determine the effects of species niche characteristics and traits on benthic diatom (Bacillariophyceae) elevational distributions, and to identify the key drivers of trait diversity across climate‐sensitive subarctic ponds.We sampled 102 ponds along an elevational gradient of 10 to 1,038 m a.s.l. in subarctic Finland and Norway. We calculated the niche characteristics by Outlying Mean Index analysis using an independent data set collected from 141 lakes in northern Fennoscandia. We ran generalised linear models to identify traits most strongly affecting the distribution of individual species, and used a functional dispersion metric to explore trait diversity at community level.Benthic diatom distributions correlated positively with niche breadth, implying that generalists were more widely distributed than specialists, but negatively with niche position, suggesting that marginal species had narrow distributions. Cell size and acid tolerance were the key traits affecting diatom distributions: small size and strong acid tolerance were associated with a wider distribution.Local abiotic variables were more important than elevation in shaping trait diversity, which increased withpHand decreased with conductivity. Several acidic wetland ponds located at low elevations exhibited functionally clustered communities, reflecting stressful conditions that comprised a filter that selected acid‐tolerant species.Our results suggest that benthic diatom distributions across subarctic ponds are jointly driven by species cell size and tolerance towards water chemistry variables, especially acidity. Although elevation summarises the effects of several environmental factors, local abiotic variables were more strongly associated with trait diversity than were elevation effects. Our findings provide new insights into the key mechanisms associated with aquatic microbial distributions in highly sensitive climatic regions.
Expanding, shifting and shrinking: The impact of global warming on species’ elevational distributions
Authors: Freeman Benjamin G. , Lee‐Yaw Julie A. , Sunday Jennifer M. , Hargreaves Anna L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimSpecies are responding to climate warming by shifting their distributions toward historically cooler regions, but the degree to which expansions at cool range limits are balanced by contractions at warm limits is unknown. We synthesized published data documenting shifts at species’ warm versus cool range limits along elevational gradients to (a) test classic ecological theory that predicts temperature more directly influences species’ cool range limits than their warm range limits, and (b) determine how warming‐associated shifts have changed the extent and area of species’ elevational distributions.LocationGlobal.Time period1802–2012.Major taxa studiedVascular plants, endotherms, ectotherms.MethodsWe compiled a dataset of 975 species from 32 elevational gradients for which range shifts have been measured at both warm and cool range limits. We compared the magnitude and variance of shifts at species’ warm versus cool limits, and quantified how range shifts have impacted species’ elevational extents and areas.ResultsOn average species have shifted upslope associated with temperature increases at both warm and cool limits (warm limit: 92 ± 455 m/C; cool limit: 131 ± 465 m/C; overall mean ± SD). There was no systematic difference in the magnitude or variance of shifts at warm versus cool limits and thus no indication that cool limits are more directly controlled by temperature. Species’ elevational extents and available area significantly decreased for mountaintop species.Main conclusionsOur results do not support the long‐standing hypothesis that cool limits are more sensitive or responsive to temperature. We find that, across the globe, mountaintop species’ ranges are significantly shrinking as they shift upslope, supporting predictions that high elevation species are especially vulnerable to temperature increases. Our synthesis highlights the extreme variation in species’ distributional responses to warming, which may indicate that biotic interactions play a more prominent role in setting range limits than previously thought.
Blockchains, trust and action nets: extending the pathologies of financial globalization
Authors: CAMPBELL‐VERDUYN MALCOLM , GOGUEN MARCEL 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBlockchains combine digital encryption and time stamping technologies to enable digital exchange to occur in manners celebrated by proponents as ‘trust‐free’. Yet, an increasing range of scholars argue that actual applications of the peer‐to‐peer technology shifts, rather than eliminates, trust. In this article, we draw on organizational theory to argue that efforts to remove trust reorganize the action nets that underpin payment systems in manners that extend rather than eliminate longstanding pathologies afflicting financial globalization. Our analysis supports and extends the critiques that blockchain applications are far from ‘trust‐free’. By tracing how efforts to reconfigure the socio‐technical composition of the humans and objects that underpin payment systems, we illustrate how blockchain applications shift the location and character of the technical vulnerabilities that create market instabilities and concentration, as well as elite‐led governance.
The daughter‐in‐law questions remittances: changes in the gender of remittances among Indian migrants to Australia
Authors: SINGH SUPRIYA 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this article, I present a cross‐generational analysis of the gendered meanings and politics surrounding monetary remittances. Indian female migrants to Australia, who contribute significantly to household incomes, have recently started to question the sources and directions of remittances. This happens when the woman's earnings are sent, without consultation, to the husband's parents for luxuries, while the family in Australia is struggling. Women in paid work also want to send their earnings to their own parents, particularly if there is financial need. Remittances have become a testing ground for the traditional belief that the husband and his family own the money in the patrilineal marital household. It is possible to interpret male control of remittances without consultation as a form of financial abuse of the wife in the sending household. The article draws on two qualitative studies on five decades of Indian migration to Australia covering 203 people from 112 families.
The effect of antioxidants on Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang‐Ou Yao‐Bin , Hu Yi , Zhu Yin , Lu Nong‐Hua 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy and safety of the addition of antioxidants to triple or quadruple therapy were unclear.Materials and MethodsThis systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2009 guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify potentially relevant publications using the following keywords: ([Helicobacter pylori] or [H. pylori] or [Hp]) and ([antioxidant] or [vitamin] or [N‐acetylcysteine] or [curcumin] or [cranberry]). The primary end‐point of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the addition of antioxidants to triple or quadruple therapy according to ITT and PP analysis. The second end‐points were side effects and the comparative efficacy in terms of H. pylori eradication according to different antioxidant and antibiotic combinations.ResultsWe included 9 studies with 1260 participants. The total eradication rate of H. pylori in the group combining eradication therapy with antioxidants was not superior to that without antioxidants according to the ITT (pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.17 [0.99‐1.38]; P = 0.07) and PP analysis (pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.15 [0.99‐1.34; P = 0.07]. There were no differences regarding side effects between the two groups (pooled RR [95% CI], 1.36 [0.81‐2.28]; P = 0.24). However, the eradication regimen with vitamin supplementation (1400 mg/day) showed a significant, superior efficacy in eradication relative to those without supplementation (pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.57 [1.35, 1.84]; P < 0.01). In particular, in the amoxicillin‐clarithromycin‐based subgroup, the crude H. pylori eradication rate determined by ITT analysis was 81.3% and 68.6% for eradication therapy with and without antioxidant supplementation, respectively, which was a statistically significant difference (pooled RR [95% CI] = 1.23 [1.02‐1.49]; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe addition of antioxidants (vitamin, N‐acetylcysteine, curcumin, cranberry) to amoxicillin‐clarithromycin‐based therapy could improve the eradication rate, and vitamin supplementation might be effective at a high dosage. However, antioxidant supplements have no impact on improving side effects.
Effect of perforation size and furcal lesion on stress distribution in mandibular molars: a finite element analysis
Authors: Askerbeyli Örs S. , Aksel H. , Küçükkaya Eren S. , Serper A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo compare the effect of furcal perforations of various sizes on the biomechanical response of mandibular first molars with or without periodontal bone loss at the furcal region via three‐dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA).MethodologyThe 3D geometric basic model was reconstructed from the micro‐computed tomographic images of an extracted mandibular first molar. Five different models were constructed from this molar in group 1 as follows: intact molar model, root filled (RCF) model and three models with furcal perforations (1, 2 and 3 mm in diameter) repaired with a calcium silicate‐based cement (CSC). In group 2, a lesion simulating bone resorption at the furcal region was modelled on the models in group 1. A force of 200 N was applied to simulate normal occlusal loads. Static linear FEA was performed using the Abaqus software (Abaqus 6.14; ABAQUS Inc., Providence, RI, USA). The maximum principal stresses (Pmax) and maximum displacement magnitude were evaluated.ResultsThe range of Pmax values of the models in group 1, from high to low, was as follows: RCF + 3 mm perforation > RCF + 2 mm perforation > RCF + 1 mm perforation > RCF > intact model, and the range of Pmax values of the models in group 2 was as follows: RCF + 3 mm perforation + furcal lesion > RCF + 2 mm perforation + furcal lesion > RCF + 1 mm perforation + furcal lesion > RCF + furcal lesion > intact model + furcal lesion. All of the models in group 2 exhibited lower Pmax values and higher maximum displacement magnitude than their counterparts without lesions in group 1.ConclusionsThe size of the furcal perforation affected the accumulation and distribution of stress within the models. Mandibular molar teeth with large furcal perforations treated with a calcium silicate‐based cement may be associated with an increased risk of fracture whether or not accompanied by bone resorption.
Activation of melanoblasts and melanocytes after treatment with monochromatic excimer light and narrowband‐ultraviolet B of skin of vitiligo patients
Authors: Hirobe Tomohisa , Enami Hisao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is a hypopigmentation disease characterized by achromatic or hypochromatic macules in several sites of human skin. Although monochromatic excimer light (MEL) and narrowband‐ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) have recently been used for efficacious treatment of vitiligo, the repigmentation process and role of melanocytes/melanoblasts are not well known.MethodsWhite macules of 28 vitiligo patients were repeatedly exposed with MEL/NB‐UVB. After the exposures, punch biopsies of the center and edge of the lesional skin in addition to normal skin were fixed and processed to dopa and combined dopa‐premelanin reactions. Melanocytes positive to the dopa reaction and melanoblasts/melanocytes positive to the combined dopa‐premelanin reaction were surveyed.ResultsTwo repigmentation patterns were observed; one was “marginal” and the other was “perifollicular.” Although the frequency of the former pattern was much lower than that of the latter pattern, no differences were observed in average percentage of repigmentation and the number of melanocytes and melanoblasts observed at the center and edge of the lesional epidermis.ConclusionsThese results suggest that exposures with MEL/NB‐UVB induce the marginal or perifollicular repigmentation pattern in the white macules, though the two patterns produce no differences in the distribution and density of melanoblasts/melanocytes in the lesional epidermis.
Nodular fasciitis, a forgotten entity
Authors: Luna Amalia , Molinari Leisa , Bollea Garlatti Luis A. , Ferrario Damian , Volonteri Victoria , Roitman Pablo , Galimberti Gaston , Mazzuoccolo Luis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundNodular fasciitis is a benign pseudosarcomatous, self‐limited, and reactive process. Based on its clinical and histological features ‐ a fast‐growing, solitary tumor with high cellularity and mitotic count ‐ nodular fasciitis is considered to be a benign mimic of sarcoma.MethodsWe present four cases of nodular fasciitis and a review of the literature.ResultsThe cases we present were initially misdiagnosed as sarcoma; two as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, one as atypical fibroxanthoma, and one as leiomyosarcoma.ConclusionAwareness of this entity among dermatologists is important as misdiagnosis may lead to unnecessary treatments associated with increased morbidity.