bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonadherence in the era of severe asthma biologics and thermoplasty
Authors: Lee Joy , Tay Tunn Ren , Radhakrishna Naghmeh , Hore-Lacy Fiona , Mackay Anna , Hoy Ryan , Dabscheck Eli , O'Hehir Robyn , Hew Mark 
Published: March 2018

Nonadherence to inhaled preventers impairs asthma control. Electronic monitoring devices (EMDs) can objectively measure adherence. Their use has not been reported in difficult asthma patients potentially suitable for novel therapies,i.e.biologics and bronchial thermoplasty.Consecutive patients with difficult asthma were assessed for eligibility for novel therapies. Medication adherence, defined as taking >75% of prescribed doses, was assessed by EMD and compared with standardised clinician assessment over an 8-week period.Among 69 difficult asthma patients, adherence could not be analysed in 13, due to device incompatibility or malfunction. Nonadherence was confirmed in 20 out of 45 (44.4%) patients. Clinical assessment of nonadherence was insensitive (physician 15%, nurse 28%). Serum eosinophils were higher in nonadherent patients. Including 11 patients with possible nonadherence (device refused or not returned) increased the nonadherence rate to 31 out of 56 (55%) patients. Severe asthma criteria were fulfilled by 59 out of 69 patients. 47 were eligible for novel therapies, with confirmed nonadherence in 16 out of 32 (50%) patients with EMD data; including seven patients with possible nonadherence increased the nonadherence rate to 23 out of 39 (59%).At least half the patients eligible for novel therapies were nonadherent to preventers. Nonadherence was often undetectable by clinical assessments. Preventer adherence must be confirmed objectively before employing novel severe asthma therapies.
Preferences for befriending schemes: a survey of patients with severe mental illness
Authors: Toner Sarah , Cassidy Megan , Chevalier Agnes , Farreny Aida , Leverton Monica , da Costa Mariana Pinto , Priebe Stefan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Befriending has become a widely used method for tackling social isolation in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), and evidence exists to support its effectiveness. However, patient preferences for befriending remain unclear. We aimed to determine whether patients with SMI want a volunteer befriender and, if so, the volunteer characteristics and character of the relationship they would prefer.

Methods
A survey of outpatients was conducted across London-based community mental health teams, for individuals diagnosed with affective or psychotic disorders. Questions consisted of measures of demographic characteristics, befriending preferences and social context, including measures of time spent in activities, number of social contacts, loneliness and subjective quality of life (SQOL). Binary logistic regressions were used to investigate potential predictors of willingness to participate in befriending.

Results
The sample comprised of 201 participants with a mean age of 43 years. The majority (58%) of the sample indicated willingness to participate in befriending. In univariable analyses this was associated with less time spent in activities in the previous week, higher level of loneliness and lower SQOL. When all three variables were tested as predictors in a multivariable analysis, only lower SQOL remained significantly associated with willingness to take part in befriending.
Relative to other options presented, large proportions of participants indicated preference for weekly (44%), 1-hour (39%) meetings with a befriender, with no limits on the relationship duration (53%). Otherwise, patient preferences exhibited great variability in relation to other characteristics of befriending schemes.

Conclusions
A substantial number of patients with SMI appear willing to take part in a befriending scheme. Patients with lower SQOL are more likely to accept befriending, so that befriending schemes may be a realistic option to help patients with particularly low SQOL. The large variability in preferences for different types of befriending suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all formula and that schemes may have to be flexible and accommodate different individual preferences.
Clinical feasibility of umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Riordan Neil H. , Morales Isabela , Fernández Giselle , Allen Nicole , Fearnot Neal E. , Leckrone Michael E. , Markovich Dedra Jones , Mansfield Darla , Avila Dorita , Patel Amit N. , Kesari Santosh , Paz Rodriguez Jorge 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressively debilitating neurological condition in which the immune system abnormally erodes the myelin sheath insulating the nerves. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been used in the last decade to safely treat certain immune and inflammatory conditions.

Methods
A safety and feasibility study was completed on the use of umbilical cord MSC (UCMSC) as a treatment for MS. In this 1-year study, consenting subjects received seven intravenous infusions of 20 × 106 UCMSC over 7 days. Efficacy was assessed at baseline, 1 month and 1 year after treatment, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Scripps Neurological Rating Scale, Nine-Hole Peg Test, 25-Foot Walk Test, and RAND Short Form-36 quality of life questionnaire.

Results
Twenty subjects were enrolled in this study. No serious adverse events were reported. Of the mild AEs denoted as possibly related to treatment, most were headache or fatigue. Symptom improvements were most notable 1 month after treatment. Improvements were seen in EDSS scores (p < 0.03), as well as in bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction (p < 0.01), in non-dominant hand average scores (p < 0.01), in walk times (p < 0.02) and general perspective of a positive health change and improved quality of life. MRI scans of the brain and the cervical spinal cord showed inactive lesions in 15/18 (83.3%) subjects after 1 year.

Conclusions
Treatment with UCMSC intravenous infusions for subjects with MS is safe, and potential therapeutic benefits should be further investigated.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02034188. Registered Jan 13, 2014. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02034188
Physicochemical and Biological Characterisation of Azobenzene-Containing Photoswitchable Surfactants
Authors: Tabor Rico F , McCoy Thomas M , Hu Yingxue , Wilkinson Brendan L 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Surfactants are a versatile and widely used class of molecules, due to their valuable adsorption and self-assembly properties. In particular, surfactants that can respond to stimuli are of interest in modulating wetting, controlling delivery, and exploring mechanistic aspects of biological processes. Incorporating azobenzene into surfactants is a classic approach to rendering molecules that respond to light as an external stimulus; these molecules find wide utility in the precise spatiotemporal control of dispersed systems, from DNA to graphene. More recently, the creation of diverse libraries of such molecules has been achieved by coupling azobenzene-containing hydrophobic tail-groups to hydrophilic carbohydrate head-groups. Such a synthetic strategy offers fine control over adsorption and aggregation, as evidenced by physicochemical characterization of these molecules, uncovering rich phase behavior and diverse biological response. This article covers recent advances in the field of both ‘traditional’ and new azobenzene-containing photosurfactants, and offers directions for future study and use of this unique class of molecule.
Virus-like particles and enterovirus antigen found in the brainstem neurons of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dourmashkin Robert R. , McCall Sherman A. , Dourmashkin Neil , Hannah Matthew J. 
Published: March 2018

Background: In a previous study on encephalitis lethargica, we identified an enterovirus in autopsy brain material. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular analysis were employed. Our present objective was to investigate, using a similar approach, as to whether virus-like particles (VLP) and enterovirus antigen are present in Parkinson’s disease (PD) brainstem neurons. Methods: Fixed tissue from autopsy specimens of late onset PD and control brainstem tissue were received for study. The brain tissue was processed for TEM and IHC according to previous published methods. Results: We observed VLP in the brainstem neurons of all the cases of PD that were examined. In the neurons’ cytoplasm there were many virus factories consisting of VLP and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. In some neurons, the virus factories contained incomplete VLP. Complete VLP in some neurons’ virus factories had an average diameter of 31 nm, larger than control brain ribosomes. In the nuclei, there were VLP with an average diameter of 40 nm. In cases of human poliomyelitis, there were cytoplasmic virus factories and intranuclear virus particles similar to those observed in PD. On preparing PD brain sections for IHC there was positive staining using anti-poliovirus antibody and anti-coxsackie antibody. This result was statistically significant. Conclusions: We present evidence for an enterovirus infection in PD. For future studies, virus isolation and molecular analysis is suggested.
Robust Efficiency in Urban Public Transportation: Minimizing Delay Propagation in Cost-Efficient Bus and Driver Schedules
Authors: Amberg Bastian , Amberg Boris , Kliewer Natalia 
Published: March 2018

This work examines combined vehicle and crew scheduling in public bus transit in the context of both robust and cost-efficient resource allocation. Cost-efficiency in terms of minimal planned costs for resource usage is already addressed in numerous contributions providing increasingly sophisticated optimization approaches that are able to compute highly efficient resource schedules. Unfortunately, during operations the resulting tight resource schedules are generally more susceptible to disruptions causing delays or even cascades of delays. Because of dependencies between scheduled vehicles and drivers, even small delays may propagate through the entire network. However, to date there is only little research assessing schedule robustness against disruptions and delays, affecting both vehicle and crew schedules. We consider the mutual dependencies between vehicle and crew schedules and propose solution approaches that are able to consider the propagation of possible delays. The approaches are used to create cost-efficient resource schedules simultaneously capable to absorb delays and to prevent delay propagation. In particular, we present a fully integrated vehicle and crew scheduling approach. To analyze problem characteristics we investigate to what extent sequential, partially integrated, and integrated vehicle and crew scheduling lead to schedules with different quality. Numerical experiments using real-world problem instances examine the influence of these different scheduling schemes on robustness and cost-efficiency. The results stress the relevance of incorporating possible delay propagation when scheduling resources in (especially urban) public transportation. Compared to pure cost-efficient scheduling, the expected delay propagation can be decreased drastically without additional costs. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0757 .
Age- and gender-specific variations of the epiphyseal tilt and epiphyseal angle in adolescents without hip pathology
Authors: Novais E. N. , Kienle K.-P. , Miller P. E. , Bowen G. , Kim Y.-J. , Bixby S. D. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose To determine age-and gender-dependent variation of epiphyseal tilt and epiphyseal angle using CT in adolescents without hip pathology. Methods Pelvic CT scans were obtained in 132 adolescents for evaluation of abdominal pain. Radially oriented planes around the femoral neck were reformatted and the epiphyseal tilt and angle were measured in the anterior, anterosuperior and superior planes. Variations in the tilt angle and epiphyseal angle were assessed by age group from 12 to 18 years and gender by using a linear mixed model analysis. Results The epiphyseal tilt did not change (p = 0.97) with increasing age. Male patients exhibited smaller tilt angle in the anterosuperior plane (p = 0.003) but no difference was detected in the anterior (p = 0.17) or superior (p = 0.06) planes. The epiphyseal angle decreased with increasing age in the anterior (p = 0.03), anterosuperior (p = 0.001) and superior (p < 0.001) planes in male patients, with no variation in female patients (p = 0.92). Male patients had larger epiphyseal angles in the anterior (p = 0.02), anterosuperior (p < 0.001) and superior (p = 0.002) planes compared with female patients. Conclusion We found no age-specific variations in the epiphyseal tilt and no difference in the epiphyseal tilt in male and female patients in the superior and anterior plane. The epiphyseal angle was smaller in female patients, however, the epiphyseal angle decreased with increasing age in male patients which corresponds to an increase in epiphyseal extension. The reference values reported in this study may serve as additional information in the evaluation of adolescents with hip pain and as reference for future studies investigating slipped capital femoral epiphysis and femoroacetabular impingement development. Level of Evidence Level III Diagnostic Study
Exploring the Relationship Between School Transformation and Inclusion: A Bayesian Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Kurth Jennifer A. , Morningstar Mary E. , Hicks Tyler A. , Templin Jonathan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGrounded in research and federal law, inclusive education is a right and preferred placement for all learners with disabilities receiving special education services. However, most students in the U.S. education system do not have access to inclusive education and few models are available to demonstrate how schools can develop and implement inclusive services. The purpose of this study was to describe the outcomes of one such endeavor, the SWIFT technical assistance model, aimed at transforming schools to develop inclusive, effective instruction for all students. Multilevel multinomial modeling was used to predict rates of inclusion over time for a subset of students with disabilities in schools participating in SWIFT technical assistance. The findings suggest schools did become more inclusive in their services, with many students predicted to be served in less restrictive general education placements and others no longer requiring special education services. Implications for inclusive education are provided.
Leadership for Equity and Inclusivity in Schools: The Cultural Work of Inclusive Schools
Authors: Kozleski Elizabeth B. , Choi Jeong Hoon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA set of schools located across the United States partnered with a federally funded inclusive schools systems approach to improving outcomes for all students—both general and special education students, including students with extensive support needs stemming from intellectual and developmental disabilities. Two years of data from the schools provided evidence of changes in specific school leadership practices. Schools that received targeted, feature-specific technical assistance in the Administrative Leadership domain improved their administrative leadership performance as measured by the Schoolwide Integrated Framework for Transformation Fidelity of Implementation Tool (SWIFT-FIT). Improvements were noted in the two major aspects of leadership measurement: Strong and Engaged Site Leadership and Strong Educator Support System features. Improvements corresponded with higher achievement scores on English Language Arts and Math as measured by the Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers (PARCC) assessment. These results show promise for continued focus on improving school administrator leadership in order to install more inclusive systems of support for learning that are associated with higher levels of student achievement.
Waiting for a hypothetical asylum: The photographic coverage of the Maximilian Park in Brussels
Authors: Standaert Olivier , Derèze Gérard 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This article investigates the photographic coverage of the migration crisis in Belgium. It focuses on an event that captured the attention of the Belgian media in September 2015. At the end of the summer, hundreds of Syrian and Iraqi refugees, waiting for a hypothetical asylum in Belgium, suddenly set up a camp in the middle of the Maximilian Park, which is located in the heart of Brussels, near the Immigration Office. Up to 1000 people slept there until the camp was dismantled in early October. These events generated a wave of citizen solidarity and constant political agitation over regularization of the refugees. Technical, thematic and contextual analysis of the photographic coverage of the Maximilian Park in four Belgian newspapers (two ‘popular’ titles and two ‘quality papers’) helps not just to understand how what happened there is to be distinguished from other pictures and stereotypes of refugees, but also how these images express and feed longer crisis narratives at both Belgian and European levels. We observed that the photo coverage of the quality newspapers focused on the refugees and the living conditions in the park (while the tabloid newspapers largely ignored them). Instead of showing the refugees as a threat or as distant foreigners facing a new interlocutor (the volunteers of the park), those pictures chose to get as close as possible to the refugees’ daily life and their difficult living conditions. In doing so, however, the pictures presented to the readers seemed far from the tendency to universalize ‘the refugee’ and do not question photojournalism as a form of humanism.
End of an era and the debacle of cross-border media building projects in Africa
Authors: Phiri Sam 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In the 1990s following the collapse of the Berlin Wall in Germany and the death of Apartheid in South Africa, several cross-national initiatives were undertaken in Africa to strengthen the role of the media in nascent democracies. Some 30 years later, several of these initiatives are dead while the surviving ones are on the brink of folding. This discussion takes a critical historic synopsis by exploring the conjectural and chronological foundations for such media initiatives, in particular, in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It concludes that while much was accomplished, these foreign-inspired endeavours are no longer valid, useable or germane and ought to be abandoned. That way, Africa shall define its own urgencies, priorities and destiny without the external stimulus.
Talking ubuntu: Towards a relational talk show model
Authors: Tavernaro-Haidarian Leyla 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this article I discuss some of the prevalent and oppositional discursive strategies employed in the media and in talk show programming. I elaborate on the normative underpinnings of these strategies and offer a contrasting approach rooted in the harmonious, cohesive and relational notions of power and human relations associated with the African moral philosophy of ubuntu. By drawing on examples from specific talk show samples, I highlight how some key elements of discourse can be reconceptualized towards ‘deliberative’ ends. Informed by ‘I am because we are’, my model has a practical rather than theoretical thrust.
Cecil the lion in the British media: The pride and prejudice of the press
Authors: Somerville Keith 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
When US talk show host Jimmy Kimmel shed tears on his TV show about the killing of a lion that had been nicknamed Cecil, he helped unleash a storm of media coverage, social media response and comment that shed an interesting light on media coverage of wildlife and conservation issues. The killing of the lion in Zimbabwe in July 2015 led to media coverage of an unprecedented nature. The media hits on the story were greater than for any previous conservation story in living memory. But the tone and content of the stories was also as important as the scale. The use of language was hyperbolic, the attention to detail poor and the use of sources fell outside what is normally considered good journalistic practice. This article analyses the coverage of the story in the British media and the likely effects for the understanding of lion conservation and wildlife in general.
Towards understanding healthcare professionals’ adoption and use of technologies in clinical practice: using Q-methodology and models of technology acceptance
Authors: Ladan Muhammad Awwal , Wharrad Heather , Windle Richard 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundGlobally, technologies have been recognised to improve productivity across different areas of practice including healthcare. This has been achieved by the expansion of computers and other forms of information technologies (ITs). Despite this advancement, there have also been growing challenges to the adoption and use of these technologies within practice, sometimes with unintended or unexpected consequences. However, the barriers and drivers to IT and, more specifically, e-health adoption within healthcare are little understood, especially in areas such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where e-health adoption is relatively new.MethodologyThis paper describes a pilot study to develop and validate sample statements for use within a later substantive Q-methodology study. The aim of the main study was to understand factors that influence healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) attitudes towards IT adoption and use in SSA. We report on the use of this methodology to explore the subjectivity of HCPs together with the models of technology acceptance [technology acceptance model (TAM) and the unified-theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT)] used in combination for the first time.ResultsFollowing various stages and mapping of the two models of technology acceptance used, 46 statements were developed at the end of the pilot study. These statements were grouped into six themes to capture the constructs of the two models used in the study.ConclusionFindings suggest that it is possible to use TAM and UTAUT to develop a comprehensive set of statements. These statements reflect choices that HCPs consider on IT/e-health adoption and use in SSA which can be used in a Q-study.
Cerh-Ta'dîl Bağlamında İmam Şafiî'ye Yöneltilen İthamlar
Authors: KANARYA Bayram 
Published: March 2018

İlk dönemlerde hadislerin sıhhati konusu, cerh-ta’dîl kriterleri çerçevesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Kaynaklarda hadis rivayeti bağlamında İmam Şafiî’ye yönelik bazı ithamlar bulunmaktadır. Yahya b. Main (ö. 233/848) onun hakkında bir tartışma olduğunu belirtirken el-İclî (ö. 261/875) ise onun teşeyyua meylettiğini savunmuştur. Bir diğer tartışma konusu ise Buhârî ve Müslim’in ondan hadis almamasıdır. Mezkûr sebeplerden dolayı İmam Şafiî’nin hadis rivayeti konusunda yeterli olmadığı savı üzerinde durulmuştur. İmam Şafiî’yi cerh sadedinde zikredilen argümanlar alanla uğraşan hemen herkes tarafından kabul görmemiş ve buna karşı çıkılmıştır. Rical ilmi ile ilgilenen bir çok alim onun hadis ilminde sıka ve güvenilir olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Hadis usulü ile ilgili ilk eseri veren (er-Risâle) ve hadisler arasındaki çelişkili görünen ifadeleri uzlaştıran (İhtilâfü’l-Hadîs) İmam Şafiî’nin rivayet kriterlerini taşımadığını ileri sürmek isbatı zor bir iddiadır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu iddialar ele alınmış ve bu iddiaların yeterliliği tartışılmıştır.