bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a PV Module–Integrated Dual-Boost DC-AC Converter–Based Isolated Microinverter for Grid-Connected Application
Authors: Sarasagopalan Kamalathiyagarajan , Shokkalingam Chitra Selvi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this article, a Photovoltaic (PV) array–integrated dual-boost dc-ac converter operating as an isolated single-phase microinverter is presented to track and export the power produced on the PV array to grid and load. The single-phase microinverter, which utilizes the cascaded connection of the dc-dc converter, rectifier, and an inverter, offers high boosting gain with low-duty ratio. However, the cascaded connection of the converters offers low conversion efficiency that is due to the usage of an increased number of power-switching devices. The proposed isolated dual-boost microinverter is designed to offer high Maximum Power Point Tracking efficiency, high conversion ratio, and high conversion efficiency with a reduced number of switches and passive elements. The design considerations and six different modes of the microinverter are presented. The simulated and experimental results are presented to investigate the proposed dual-boost dc-ac converter–operated microinverter.
Banking on Remittances? How opening a bank account in the United States affects Mexican migrants sending money back to Mexico
Authors: Barrett Benjamin W. , Durden T. Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

Data from 154 different Mexican communities, housed within the Mexican Migration Project (mmp), is used to explore the influence of U.S. assimilation on a Mexican migrant’s propensity to remit money back to Mexico. A migrant opening a U.S. bank account is employed as a proxy for assimilation. Sociodemographic, U.S. migration, and Mexican community control variables are included. It is found that a migrant opening a bank account during the last U.S. migration is associated with a reduced probability of remitting money back to Mexico, suggesting a shift in social and economic activity from Mexico to the U.S. for migrants abroad.
Los datos de 154 comunidades mexicanas, agrupados en el Mexican Migration Project (mmp), se utilizan para explorar la influencia de la asimilación a Estados Unidos sobre los migrantes mexicanos, tomando en cuenta su propensión a enviar remesas de vuelta a México. La apertura de una cuenta bancaria en Estados Unidos por parte de un migrante se emplea como una forma subsidiaria de asimilación. Se incluyen variables sociodemográficas, de migración a Estados Unidos y de control de las comunidades mexicanas. Los hallazgos dicen que la apertura de una cuenta bancaria por parte de un migrante durante la última ola de migración a Estados Unidos se asocia a una menor probabilidad de enviar remesas de vuelta a México, lo cual sugiere un cambio en la actividad social y económica de México hacia Estados Unidos por parte de los migrantes en el extranjero.
Missed clinical clues in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma discovered by imaging
Authors: Rogowski-Lehmann Natalie , Geroula Aikaterini , Prejbisz Aleksander , Timmers Henri J L M , Megerle Felix , Robledo Mercedes , Fassnacht Martin , Fliedner Stephanie M J , Reincke Martin , Stell Anthony , Januszewicz Andrzej , Lenders Jacques W M , Eisenhofer Graeme , Beuschlein Felix 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare but potentially harmful tumors that can vary in their clinical presentation. Tumors may be found due to signs and symptoms, as part of a hereditary syndrome or following an imaging procedure.ObjectiveTo investigate potential differences in clinical presentation between PPGLs discovered by imaging (iPPGLs), symptomatic cases (sPPGLs) and those diagnosed during follow-up because of earlier disease/known hereditary mutations (fPPGL).DesignProspective study protocol, which has enrolled patients from six European centers with confirmed PPGLs. Data were analyzed from 235 patients (37 iPPGLs, 36 sPPGLs, 27% fPPGLs) and compared for tumor volume, biochemical profile, mutation status, presence of metastases and self-reported symptoms. iPPGL patients were diagnosed at a significantly higher age than fPPGLs (P < 0.001), found to have larger tumors (P = 0.003) and higher metanephrine and normetanephrine levels at diagnosis (P = 0.021). Significantly lower than in sPPGL, there was a relevant number of self-reported symptoms in iPPGL (2.9 vs 4.3 symptoms,P < 0.001). In 16.2% of iPPGL, mutations in susceptibility genes were detected, although this proportion was lower than that in fPPGL (60.9%) and sPPGL (21.5%). Patients with PPGLs detected by imaging were older, have higher tumor volume and more excessive hormonal secretion in comparison to those found as part of a surveillance program. Presence of typical symptoms indicates that in a relevant proportion of those patients, the PPGL diagnosis had been delayed.PrécisPheochromocytoma/paraganglioma discovered by imaging are often symptomatic and carry a significant proportion of germline mutations in susceptibility genes.
Resilience Processes, Engagement and Emotional Competencies, in Professionals Attending Elder People in Violence Situations in Saltillo, Coahuila and Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Authors: Castro Saucedo Laura Karina , De León Alvarado Cesar Arnulfo , Acevedo Alemán Jesús , Ramírez Ríos Cesar Omar 
Published: September 2018

En los últimos años se han incrementado los estudios sobre la resiliencia como un proceso desarrolladofilogeneticamente para la supervivencia (Stein, 2009; Aparecida dos Santos & Nunes Moreira, 2014). El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar la relación existente entre las dimensiones de la resiliencia de profesionales que atienden adultos mayores y el engagement laboral y la relación con las competencias emocionales. Se elaboraron modelos de regresión lineal para establecer los niveles de predicción entre las variables independientes y dependiente. Los principales resultados arrojan una relación entre la resiliencia (así como sus diversas dimensiones), el engagement (β = .207; p =. 005) y las competencias emocionales (β =.710; p =.001) incluyendo cuatro de las cinco dimensiones en el análisis (R2= .724, F = 108.63, gl = 2, p = .001).
CHANGES MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANTS PROTEIN-1 IN HELICOBACTER PYLORIASSOCIATED GASTRODUODENAL DISEASES
Authors: Matveeva L. V. , Kapkaeva R. C. , Chudajkin A. N. , Mishanina L. S. 
Published: September 2018

Chemoattractants monocyte protein-1 (MCP-1) is a low molecular weight cytokine, secreted by many cells of the body. The synthesis of MCP-1 can induce the lipopolysaccharides of bacteria, a range of cytokines. It is believed that MCP-1 regulates the migration and infiltration of tissue by monocytes, T-lymphocytes memory, natural killer cells, is involved in differentiation of naive T-helper cells. There is evidence oncogenic and antitumor activity of MCP-1 at different stages of tumor progression. The aim of this work was the determination and comparison of serum level of MCP-1 by infection with Helicobacter (H.) pylori in precancerous conditions and gastric cancer.Material and methods. Surveyed with the informed consent 204 patients with precancerous diseases of the stomach, 40 patients with gastric cancer and 40 healthy volunteers. Patients at esophagogastroduodenoscopy conducted the fence of material for target biopsy for histological and microbiological studies. Blood on the immunoassay climbed in the morning on an empty stomach from the cubital vein in a volume of 5 ml in a vial without preserving agent, the serum was separated by centrifugation for 10 minutes. By ELISA in the serum of patients determined the level of MCP-1, titer of total antibodies to the cytotoxin-associated protein of H. pylori. The obtained data statistically processed.Results. The amount of MCP-1 in serum of the patients significantly exceeded the data of healthy individuals in all groups of comparison. Values of MCP-1 during exacerbation of gastric ulcer was higher than patients with exacerbation of chronic not atrophic and focal atrophic gastritis. The concentration of MCP-1 280 pg/ml was detected in 17.6% of patients with pre-cancerous conditions of the stomach. When ulceration process there was a strong direct correlation of the severity of its course and the number of MCP-1 in serum. Serum level of MCP-1 in 5.0% of patients with gastric cancer was at the upper limit of normal values, and 77.5% of patients exceeded it. Indicator in gastric cancer significantly prevailed over the values in precancerous conditions, was correlated with the tumor stage. The level of MCP-1 in serum of the examined healthy volunteers, patients with exacerbation of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer disease, polyposis, gastric cancer was correlated with the titers of total antibodies to the cytotoxin-associated protein of H. pylori.Conclusion. Determination of serum level of MCP-1 in precancerous conditions and gastric cancer is diagnostically valuable. Comparison of indicator values with the titers of total antibodies to the cytotoxin- associated protein of H. pylori prognostically significant, as it allows to assess the intensity of the induction signal to production of a cytokine.
OXYGEN-DEPENDENT PHAGOCYTOSIS OF BLOOD MONOCYTES IN CHILDREN WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORI-ASSOCIATED GASTRIC AND DUODENAL EROSIONS AND ULCER
Authors: Kolenchukova O. A. , Gvozdev I. N. , Gorbachova N. N. , Litvinova I. S. 
Published: September 2018

The aim of the research is to study oxygen-dependent phagocytosis of blood monocytes in children with gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers by chemiluminescence analysis. The subjects of the research were blood monocytes, extracted from blood in 44 children with gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers in the ages from 11 to 18 years. Microscopic tests for the bioptats of gastric mucosa of both standard regions and edges of ulcer defects had resulted in the determination of 2 groups of the patients with gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers. The 1st group was represented by Helicobacter pylori high dissemination. As for the 2nd group, the patients showed low bacterization. The tests for luminol-dependent hemiluminescence of blood monocytes in patients with H. pylorihigh dissemination of gastric and duodenal mucosa demonstrated the significant increase of the intensity and the growth of areas both under the curve of spontaneous response and under the curve in the zimozan-induced process as compared to the monocyte activity in the group with low dissemination. Following the lucigenin- dependent chemiluminescence reactions in the group with H. pylori high dissemination we had found significant increase of the time of approaching the peak in both spontaneous response and zimozan- induced processes while the activation index was higher in comparison with phagocyte activities of monocytes in the group with low dissemination. Further stage of the research was to identify CagA-positive strains of H. pylori in the children with gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers. Studying chemiluminescence activity of blood lymphocytes in the patients with anti-CagA antibodies we found the true increase of the time of reaching the peak, the intensity and the area under the curve in spontaneous process in luminol-dependent response and the time of reaching intensity peak and the intensity of spontaneous chemiluminescence reaction, lucigenin being an activator. So we marked the increase of the activity of oxygen-dependent phagocytosis of blood monocytes in children with H. pylori associated with gastric and duodenal erosions and ulcers related to H. pylori increased bacterization. The growth of H. pylori dissemination results in the higher stage of stomach mucosa inflammation. Therefore active phagocytes generate more intensively the formation of active forms of oxygen, free radicals and the products of peroxide oxidation. CagA-positive strains of H. pylori, as a rule, are associated with the higher level of inflammatory activity than CagA-negative ones. As a result of such influence the functional activity of monocytes increases, because they are «professional » phagocytes. The ability to perform phagocytosis is better expressed in them as compared to other leukocytes.
DYNAMICS OF IL-2 PLASMA LEVELS IN HIV PATIENTS WITH CONSIDERING DRUGS RESISTANCE
Authors: Eliseeva E. S. , Kruglak S. P. , Sklar L. F. , Markelova E. V. , Borovskaya N. A. 
Published: September 2018

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is one of the most important cytokines involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. Its main immunological function is to regulate a specific (antigen-dependent) immune response by stimulating proliferation and differentiation of immune cells involved in its realization, including Т-lymphocytes. Dysfunction of cellular immunity is the main pathogenetic mechanism for the development of HIV infection.Objective: to identify patterns of IL-2 levels change in HIV-infected patients on the background of drug resistance at the later stages of infection. The study included 83 patients with HIV infection receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy; the control group consisted of 20 healthy blood donors. All patients underwent a study of the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy, including an assessment of HIV viral load and CD4+ Т lymphocyte levels. In patients with ineffective antiretroviral therapy, a study of drug resistance to HIV by Senger sequencing was additionally conducted. According to the results of genome sequencing, HIV-infected patients with ineffective antiretroviral therapy were divided into two subgroups — with revealed drug resistance (58.5%) and absence of detectable resistance mutations in the genome (41.5%). Levels of IL-2 were measured in all persons included in the study by the method of enzyme immunoassay. When comparing the levels of IL-2 between groups of patients with continuing viral load on the background of antiretroviral therapy (viral load is detected) with drug resistance and without it, significant differences were obtained (1.75±0.26 pg/ml versus 1.95±0.29 pg/ml, p ≤ 0.05, U-criterion, respectively). The content of IL-2 is statistically significantly lower in the group of patients who did not succeed with antiretroviral therapy than in the group of patients with treatment efficacy (1.83±0.29 pg/ml versus 4.89±0.55 pg/ml, respectively, p 0.001, U-criterion). Thus, it is shown that in patients with revealed drug resistance against the background of progression of HIV infection there is a decrease in levels of IL-2. The increase in its levels in patients with HIV infection who have reached virological and immunological success of therapy is due to the reduction in the number of the cytokine-producing immune cells (T-lymphocytes). We assume that a significant decrease in the levels of IL-2 makes an additional contribution to the disruption of the processes of proliferation and differentiation of immunocompetent cells in HIV infection, which is of great importance in the formation of drug resistance of HIV in conditions of constant viral replication.
MULTIMARKER DIAGNOSTIC PANELS FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Metelskaya V. A. 
Published: September 2018

Aim. To consider an opportunity for application of different combinations of biochemical and bioimaging parameters to create different multimarker diagnostic panels designed for assessment of risk of coronary atherosclerosis and its complications.Material and methods. To the analysis, data included, obtained from patients 18 y.o. and older (n=502), investigated at NMRCPR of the Ministry of Health in 2011-2013, who had undergone diagnostic coronary arteriography and duplex carotid scanning. Atherosclerosis burden was measured according the Gensini score. Subfractional spectrum of apoB-lipoproteides was assessed with the Quantimetrix Lipoprint LDL System (USA), biochemistry was done with standard lab. methods. Statistics was done with software Statistica v.10, IBM SPSS Statistics v.20, SAS v.9.4.Results. Several multimarker combinations (panels) for non-invasive estimation of risk of coronary atherosclerosis detection and its severity were proposed. These are 1) an index K, calculated as ratio of the sum of potentially atherogenic subfractions to the large physiologically active LDL1 particles; index K >1,7 indicates an increased atherogenic potential of apo B-containing particles even with normal lipid profile, and can be used for non-invasive prediction of coronary atherosclerosis; 2) duplex complexes as adiponectin to endothelin ratio which <7,0 is associated with coronary atherosclerosis risk only in men, and as leptin to insulin ratio which <3,5 is associated with elevated atherosclerosis risk only in women; 3) integrated biomarker BIO represented the combination of individual visual and biochemical variables and permitted to discriminate patients from those with no coronary atherosclerosis or having subclinical or severe atherosclerotic lesions.Conclusion. Proposed multimarker diagnostic panel could be regarded as novel potential biomarkers of coronary atherosclerosis risk and severity, however validation of these markers is necessary. The problem of cardiovascular risk stratification and further prevention activities should be solved with the search for novel markers and combinations of markers.
Сhanges in subcellular distribution of lysosomal cysteine proteinases activity in parenchymatous organs of rats under the action of nitric oxide synthesis modulators
Authors: Fomina M. A. , Terent'ev A. A. 
Published: September 2018

Aim. To study the eﬀect of non-selective inhibitor of NO-synthase N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and substrate of nitric oxide synthesis L-arginine on the activity of cathepsins B, L, H and its subcellular distribution in liver, kidney and lung tissues.Materials and methods. The object of study – male rats Wistar line, the material was the cytoplasmic and lysosomal fraction of homogenates of liver, kidney, lung tissues. A non-selective inhibitor of inducible NO-synthase N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was applied at a dose of 25 mg/kg, the substrate of NO synthesis L-arginine – at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Activity of cathepsins B, L, H was defined separately in the cytoplasmic and lysosomal fractions by spectrofluorometry quantitative determination of the specific substrate cleavage product 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin.Results. Suppression of nitric oxide synthesis by non-selective inhibitor of NO-synthase L-NAME (25 mg/kg, 7 days) in the kidney tissue leads to a decrease in the activity of cathepsins В, L, H in lysosomal fraction with a parallel increase in non-lysosomal activity of cathepsin L, in the liver tissue leads to an increase in lysosomal activity of cathepsin H and a decrease in non-lysosomal activity of cathepsin L. The substrate of nitric oxide synthesis L-arginine (500 mg/kg, 10 days) only causes increased activity of cathepsin L in non-lysosomal fraction of liver tissue, leads to increased lysosomal activity of cathepsin H in kidney tissue, the lung tissue shows a significant increase in the activity of the all studied cathepsins in non-lysosomal fraction, accompanied by an increase in lysosomal activity of cathepsins B and H. The revealed changes are associated with the signs of changes in the ratio of pro-enzyme and active forms of cathepsins.Conclusion. The eﬀects of non-selective inhibitor and substrate of nitric oxide synthesis on the total activity of cathepsins B, L and H in parenchymatous organs and its subcellular distribution are tissue-specific and multidirectional in some cases and are accompanied by signs of changes in the ratio of pro-enzyme and enzymatically active forms mainly due to an increase of pro-enzyme forms.
Constitucionalismo democrático e innovación constitucional en Ecuador
Authors: Martínez Dalmau Rubén 
Published: September 2018

Desde la activación del poder constituyente en la Constitución colombiana de 1991, diversas constituciones democráticas han supuesto cambios estructurales importantes en varios países latinoamericanos, tanto en la organización de los poderes públicos como en la legitimidad democrática del poder y la regeneración constitucional de los derechos. De entre estos nuevos textos constitucionales latinoamericanos destaca, ­­por su originalidad y avances teóricos, la Constitución ecuatoriana de 2009: el primer caso de constitucionalismo de transición en el nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano. Estas constituciones, no obstante, se encuentran ante un problema de aplicación que dificulta su funcionamiento como instrumentos de transformación social.
El presente trabajo explora las condiciones en las que se activó en 2007 el poder constituyente ecuatoriano, así como los contextos en los que se produjo la redacción de la Constitución de 2008, así mismo explica las razones por las cuales se incluye el texto constitucional en el paradigma teórico del nuevo constitucionalismo. Centra el análisis, por un lado, en la relación entre soberanía y poder constituido, y por el otro, en el constructo de las innovaciones constitucionales, así como el Buen Vivir como fundamento axiológico de la Constitución. Asimismo, se hace referencia a los objetivos maximalistas de la nueva Constitución y a la posibilidad de creación de fracturas entre el formalismo constitucional y la realidad de su aplicación.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP POLIS ELEKTRONIK DALAM PERJANJIAN ASURANSI
Authors: Ika Putri Vianda Karina , Winarno Bambang , Budiono A. Rachmad 
Published: September 2018

Abstract: Electronic policy or e-policy is an insurance contract that happends due to an electronic commercial transactions. But e-policy has been in Indonesia although there is no clear legal framework related to the existence of these e-policy. The purpose of this study are 1) Determine and analyze how the legality of e-policy according to the law in Indonesia. 2) Determine and analyze how the strength of e-policies evidence in the event of a dispute between the parties. Judicial review of electronic policy in the insurance agreement, namely: 1) E-polis as a form of agreement which could be interpreted is not qualify as legitimate e-policy agreement contrary to KUHDagang to be equivalent for sub law. So, insurance agreement can be interpreted is not meet objective conditions of an agreement that could result in the agreement is null and void (Article 1320 of KUHPerdata). 2) The strength of evidence on e-policy will have a strong legal force if the e-policy is made in the form of a deed in writing and acknowledged by both parties entered into an agreement, but if e-policy just softfile that send by email then e-policy does not have the strength of evidence because it was not in accordance with the provisions of Indonesian laws. Keywords: Agreement, E-policy, The Insurance Agreement Abstrak: Polis elektronik atau e-polis merupakan kontrak asuransi yang terjadi akibat suatu transaksi komersial elektronik. Namun e-polis telah berada di Indonesia meski belum ada payung hukum yang jelas terkait adanya e-polis ini. Tujuan Penelitian ini ialah 1) Mengetahui dan menganalisis keabsahan e-polis menurut hukum di Indonesia, 2) Mengetahui dan menganalisis bagaimana kekuatan pembuktian e-polis dalam hal terjadi sengketa antara para pihak. Tinjauan yuridis terhadap polis elektronik dalam perjanjian asuransi, yakni : 1) E-polis sebagai suatu bentuk perjanjian yang dapat diartikan tidak memenuhi syarat sah perjanjian karena e-polis bertentangan dengan KUHDagang yang setara dengan Undang-Undang. Sehingga perjanjian asuransi tersebut dapat diartikan tidak memenuhi syarat objektif suatu perjanjian yang dapat mengakibatkan perjanjian tersebut batal demi hukum (Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata). 2) Kekuatan pembuktian pada e-polis akan memiliki kekuatan hukum yang kuat apabila e-polis dibuat dalam bentuk akta yang tertulis dan diakui oleh kedua belah pihak yang mengadakan perjanjian, namun apabila e-polis tersebut hanya berbentuk softfile yang dikirim melalui email maka e-polis tersebut tidak memiliki kekuatan pembuktian karena tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan-ketentuan hukum positif Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Perjanjian, E-polis, perjanjian asuransi