bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediating and Moderating Roles of Trust in Government in Effective Risk Rumor Management: A Test Case of Radiation‐Contaminated Seafood in South Korea
Authors: Paek Hye‐Jin , Hove Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study has two aims: to identify effective strategies for managing false rumors about risks and to investigate the roles that basic and situational trust in government play in that process. Online experiment data were collected nationwide from 915 adults in South Korea. They were exposed to a false rumor about radiation‐contaminated seafood and were randomly assigned to one of three rumor response conditions (refutation, denial, attack the attacker). One‐way ANOVA indicated that the refutation response yielded the highest level of situational trust in government response (TGR). Results of moderated mediation models using the PROCESS Macro indicated the following. (1) The refutation response had a positive effect on TGR, and the attack response had a negative effect. (2) There were significant interaction effects between the attack response and preexisting basic trust in government (BTG) in that the attack response had a negative effect on TGR only when BTG was low. (3) TGR significantly mediated the relationship between each of the three rumor responses and two dependent variables (intentions for rumor dissemination and for unwarranted actions), but in dramatically different ways across the responses. This study provides evidence for the superior effectiveness of the refutation rumor response and identifies specific roles of trust in government in the risk rumor management process.
Data-Driven Transformations in Small Area Estimation
Authors: Rojas-Perilla Natalia , Pannier Sören , Schmid Timo , Tzavidis Nikos 
Published: July 2019

SummarySmall area models typically depend on the validity of model assumptions. For example, a commonly used version of the empirical best predictor relies on the Gaussian assumptions of the error terms of the linear mixed regression model: a feature rarely observed in applications with real data. The paper tackles the potential lack of validity of the model assumptions by using data-driven scaled transformations as opposed to ad hoc chosen transformations. Different types of transformations are explored, the estimation of the transformation parameters is studied in detail under the linear mixed regression model and transformations are used in small area prediction of linear and non-linear parameters. The use of scaled transformations is crucial as it enables fitting the linear mixed regression model with standard software and hence it simplifies the work of the data analyst. Mean-squared error estimation that accounts for the uncertainty due to the estimation of the transformation parameters is explored by using the parametric and semiparametric (wild) bootstrap. The methods proposed are illustrated by using real survey and census data for estimating income deprivation parameters for municipalities in the Mexican state of Guerrero. Simulation studies and the results from the application show that using carefully selected, data-driven transformations can improve small area estimation.
Well‐being and uncertainty in health care practice
Authors: George Riya E , Lowe Wendy A 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundWell‐being and uncertainty are intimately related, although less easily defined from a health care perspective. Uncertainty is intrinsic to both the science and practice of health care, and dealing with uncertainty can bring feelings of stress, avoidance and resistance, all of which are detrimental to an individual's well‐being.ContextContrary to the majority of the literature, which suggests promoting resilience as a way to improve health care professionals’ well‐being, our paper argues that a better understanding of the relationship between well‐being and uncertainty can support health care professionals in managing the complexity of everyday clinical interactions.InnovationVarious strategies and educational exercises around being comfortable in not knowing, preserving uncertainty through effective communication and the use of reflective silence are discussed to support clinical educators in recognising the impact of uncertainty on individual well‐being.The relationship between uncertainty and well‐being is poorly understood and vaguely defined …ImplicationsOur paper calls for a broader understanding of the term well‐being, recognising the interplay between individual and environmental factors that contribute to maintaining our well‐being. The recommended strategies and exercises can be considered in faculty member development sessions and used to promote the incorporation of curriculum initiatives in this area.
Investigation of Ash-Related Issues During Combustion of Maize Straw and Wood Biomass Blends in Lab-Scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Głód Krzysztof , Lasek Janusz , Słowik Krzysztof , Zuwała Jarosław , Nabagło Daniel , Jura Konrad , Żyrkowski Maciej 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
During the combustion of solid fuels, the undesired effects of ash transformation include bed agglomeration, slagging, and fouling processes. In particular, a problematic consequence of bed agglomeration is the defluidization process, resulting from the disappearance of gaseous bubbles that are created behind air distributors. Different solutions can be applied against the agglomeration process. One possible method is to apply some additives that influence the ash behavior, thus inhibiting the agglomeration process. This paper presents the results of investigations into ash-related issues in a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) reactor. In particular, the impact of additives (kaolin, halloysite, fly ash, and the residuals from wet desulfurization system (IMOS)) on bed agglomeration was investigated. It was found that the addition of these compounds increased the defluidization time from ∼109 min (without additive) to ∼285 min in the BFB (with the addition of 0.1 g/min of kaolin). The morphology of additive (kaolin and halloysite) transformation after their addition into the combustion chamber was discussed. Another interesting phenomenon is that residuals from the IMOS exhibited the ability to be an additive against the agglomeration process. The defluidization time can be also significantly increased by the simultaneous application of the additive and the control of fluidization air velocity. The procedure of periodical bed moving by impulse primary air feeding against defluidization (PADM) is suggested and discussed. The PADM procedure resulted in a 36% reduction of additive, thus reducing the cost of measures against ash-related issues.
Association of residency work hour reform with long term quality and costs of care of US physicians: observational study
Authors: Jena Anupam B , Farid Monica , Blumenthal Daniel , Bhattacharya Jay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether 30 day mortality, 30 day readmissions, and inpatient spending vary according to whether physicians were exposed to work hour reforms during their residency.DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingUS Medicare.Participants20% random sample (n=485 685) of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or more admitted to hospital and treated by a general internist during 2000-12.Main outcome measures30 day mortality, 30 day readmissions, and inpatient Medicare Part B spending among patients treated by first year internists who were fully exposed to the 2003 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) work hour reforms during their residency (completed residency after 2006) compared with first year internists with partial or no exposure to reforms (completed residency before 2006). Senior internists not exposed to reforms during their residency served as a control group (10th year internists) for general trends in hospital care: a difference-in-difference analysis.ResultsExposure of physicians to work hour reforms during their residency was not associated with statistically significant differences in 30 day mortality, 30 day readmissions, or inpatient spending. Among 485 685 hospital admissions, 30 day mortality rates during 2000-06 and 2007-12 for patients of first year internists were 10.6% (12 567 deaths/118 014 hospital admissions) and 9.6% (13 521/140 529), respectively, and for 10th year internists were 11.2% (11 018/98 811) and 10.6% (13 602/128 331), for an adjusted difference-in-difference effect of −0.1 percentage points (95% confidence interval −0.8% to 0.6%, P=0.68). 30 day readmission rates for first year internists during 2000-06 and 2007-12 were 20.4% (24 074/118 014) and 20.4% (28 689/140 529), respectively, and for 10th year internists were 20.1% (19 840/98 811) and 20.5% (26 277/128 331), for an adjusted difference-in-difference effect of 0.1 percentage points (−0.9% to 1.1%, P=0.87). Medicare Part B inpatient spending for first year internists during 2000-06 and 2007-12 was $1161 (£911; €1024) and $1267 per hospital admission, respectively, and for 10th year internists was $1331 and $1599, for an adjusted difference-in-difference effect of −$46 (95% confidence interval −$94 to $2, P=0.06).ConclusionsExposure of internists to work hour reforms during their residency was not associated with post-training differences in patient mortality, readmissions, or costs of care.
Risk assessment of patient factors and medications for drug-related problems from a prospective longitudinal study of newborns admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit in Brazil
Authors: Leopoldino Ramon D , Santos Marco T , Costa Tatiana X , Martins Rand R , Oliveira António G 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo identify patient factors and medications associated with the occurrence of drug-related problems (DRPs) in neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).DesignProspective, longitudinal study.SettingNICU of a teaching hospital in Brazil.ParticipantsData were collected from the records of the clinical pharmacy service of all neonates admitted between April 2014 and January 2017, excluding neonates with length of stay in the NICU <24 hours or without prescribed drugs.Primary outcome measuresOccurrence of one or more DRP (conditions interfering in the patient’s pharmacotherapy with potential undesired clinical outcomes).ResultsThe study observed 600 neonates who had a median length of stay in the NICU of 13 days (range 2–278 days). DRPs were identified in most neonates (60.5%). In a multivariate logistic regression model, the factors independently associated with DRP were gestational age (adjusted OR (AOR) 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89), 5 min Apgar <7 (AOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.00 to 3.13), neurological disease (AOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.09 to 5.69), renal disease (AOR 5.75, 95% CI 1.85 to 17.8) and cardiac disease (AOR 2.36, 95% CI 1.31 to 4.24). The medications with greater risk for DRP were amphotericin B (AOR 4.80), meropenem (AOR 4.09), alprostadil (AOR 3.38), vancomycin (AOR 3.34), ciprofloxacin (AOR 3.03), gentamicin (AOR 2.43), cefepime (AOR 1.88), amikacin (AOR 1.82) and omeprazole (AOR 1.66). These medicines represented one-third of all prescribed drugs.ConclusionsGestational age, 5 min Apgar <7, and neurological, cardiac and renal diseases are risk factors for DRP in NICUs. Alprostadil, omeprazole and several anti-infectives were associated with greater risk of DRP.
Efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in children with epilepsy: protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Gan Jing , Ma Dan , Xiong Tao 
Published: July 2019

IntroductionEpilepsy causes serious suffering in children and is associated with high morbidity and increased mortality. It impairs children’s quality of life and places a heavy burden on healthcare resources. Levetiracetam has been used to prevent and treat paediatric epilepsy for years. To date, a number of systematic reviews have been performed to assess the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in a variety of clinical settings. Conflicting outcomes have been reported for the same clinical issues. Our objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the literature for clinicians and policymakers via an umbrella review that assesses the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam in children with epilepsy.Methods and analysisWe will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guidelines for umbrella reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The following seven databases will be searched from 1990 to February 2019: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, JBISRIR, EPPI, Epistemonikos and PROSPERO. We will provide evidence from existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials regarding the use of levetiracetam in children with epilepsy. The intervention of interest is levetiracetam monotherapy and add-on therapies for prevention or treatment purposes. Studies will be individually selected and assessed by two reviewers. The primary outcomes of interest are epilepsy control, the efficacy of prophylaxis for provoked seizures and the mortality rate of children with epilepsy who received levetiracetam treatment. The secondary outcomes are adverse events and withdrawal rates due to adverse effects. The methodological quality of all reviews will be individually assessed by two reviewers using the ‘A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews’ instrument. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment will be applied to evaluate the quality of evidence for each outcome of interest. A narrative description of an analysis of the systematic reviews will be tabulated to address objective and specific questions. Information from each review will be detailed in a table including the population, number of studies, total number of participants, year range of the trials, study designs of the primary trials, countries and settings of the trials, heterogeneity of results and assessment tools. Recommendations regarding each outcome of levetiracetam will be categorised based on a protocol.Ethics and disseminationThis umbrella review will inform clinical and policy decisions regarding the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam for preventing and treating paediatric epilepsy. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. Ethical approval is not required for this study.
Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Scale and physical activity in COPD and lung cancer: an exploratory pooled data analysis
Authors: Barbetta Carlo , Allgar Victoria , Maddocks Matthew , Ribeiro Catarina , Wilcock Andrew , Currow David C , Phillips Jane , Johnson Miriam J 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesPatient-relevant measures of functional status are required in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer in clinical practice and research. We explored the relationship between the Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Scale (AKPS) and measures of functional capacity and physical activity in these patient groups.MethodsPooled clinical trial data were analysed to explore the relationship between AKPS and average daily steps (ADS), 6 min walk distance (6MWD), and body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea and exercise score (COPD group). Receiver operator characteristic curves were produced to compare sensitivity and specificity of cut-offs (no dependency >70, high dependency <60) and area under the curve (AUC).ResultsSeven clinical trials included people with COPD (n=79) and lung cancer (n=150). To detect an AKPS of >70, the optimal ADS cut-points were COPD, 3342 steps (AUC 0.88, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.97, sensitivity 82%, specificity 76%), and lung cancer, 3380 steps (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.81, sensitivity 61%, specificity 74%), and for 6MWD (COPD only) 242 m (AUC 0.72, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.81, sensitivity 73%, specificity 34%).ConclusionsAn AKPS score is strongly related to ADS in people with COPD and lung cancer. The AKPS may be useful in clinical practice and research to indicate levels of physical activity where ADS and 6 min walk test are not possible. Longitudinal data are needed to confirm these findings.
Validation of an extrinsic compression and early ambulation protocol after diagnostic transfemoral cerebral angiography: a 5-year prospective series
Authors: Tonetti Daniel A , Ferari Christopher , Perez Jennifer , Ozpinar Alp , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Jovin Tudor G , Gross Bradley A , Jankowitz Brian Thomas 
Published: July 2019

Background and purposeAccess-site complications constitute a substantial portion of the morbidity associated with transfemoral cerebral angiography, yet no standardized protocol exists for femoral closure and practice patterns vary widely. The objective of this single-arm prospective cohort study was to validate the efficacy and safety of a standardized femoral closure strategy for all diagnostic angiography, regardless of antiplatelet regimen.MethodsA single-arm, prospective study was designed enrolling consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic transfemoral cerebral angiography by a single neurointerventional surgeon from March 2013 – March 2018. The closure protocol consisted of 20 minutes of manual compression to the site of arterial access and 2 hours of bedrest. The primary outcome was hematoma or oozing after manual compression. Demographic, clinic, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed, and patients were stratified by antiplatelet use.ResultsOf 525 angiograms, 263 (50.1%) were on patients taking antiplatelet medication, with 66 (12.6%) on dual antiplatelet regimens. Five patients (0.95% of all patients) met the primary outcome: in all five cases, there was no further oozing or enlarging hematoma after the additional compression period. There were not significant differences in primary outcome in groups stratified by antiplatelet use, and there were no instances of delayed hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, or arteriovenous fistula.ConclusionIn this single-arm cohort study of 525 consecutive transfemoral angiograms with a standardized extrinsic compression protocol, hemostasis was achieved without complication in >99% regardless of antiplatelet strategy. This protocol is effective and safe for diagnostic transfemoral angiography regardless of a patient’s antiplatelet use.
Clinical utility of ultrahigh fractional exhaled nitric oxide in predicting bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with suspected asthma
Authors: Liu Jiaxing , Xu Rong , Zhan Chen , Luo Wei , Lai Kefang , Zhong Nanshan , Chen Wei , Chen Ruchong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a non-invasive biomarker for airway eosinophilic inflammation. However, the clinical value of ultrahigh FeNO (≥100 parts per billion (ppb)) in predicting asthma is never explored. We aimed to investigate the value of ultrahigh FeNO as a predictor of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), an important index for asthma diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 259 patients with suspected asthma who received the examination of FeNO, spirometry, bronchial provocation test (BPT) and differential cell count of induced sputum. Patients were stratified by FeNO value: ultrahigh (group A:≥100 ppb), high (group B: 50–99 ppb), intermediate (group C: 26–49 ppb) and normal (group D:≤25 ppb). The positive rates of BPT and sputum eosinophils percentage (Eos%) were compared among four cohorts. The correlations between FeNO and sputum Eos% were measured.ResultsA significant higher positive rate of BPT was observed in group A (90.91%) than all others (B: 51.43%, C: 31.43%, D: 28.13%, all p&lt;0.01). Referring to group D, the ORs of positive BPT in groups A, B and C were 26.84, 2.84 and 1.05. Sputum Eos% in group A (19.75 (7.00, 46.25)) is higher than that in others (B: 3.50 (1.00, 12.75), C: 1.13 (0.06,3.50), D: 0.50 (0.00, 2.13)). FeNO correlates with sputum Eos% in groups A and B, but not group C or D.ConclusionsUltrahigh FeNO correlates with BHR and could serve as a practical alternative to methacholine challenge to support an asthma diagnosis in patients with suspected asthma in primary care.
Dyslipidemia associated with body constitution in Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Li Qiuping , Kong Qing , Tang Zihui 
Published: July 2019

Objective: This study aimed at investigating the association between dyslipidemia and body constitution of traditional Chinese medicine (BCTCM) may be clinically meaningful for the early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia. Methods: More than 4,000 participants were invited to a screening visit between 2011 and 2014, and 3,748 participants were available for data analysis. All study subjects underwent complete clinical baseline characteristics evaluation. Differences were determined using one-way analysis and [Formula: see text] analysis. Univariate regression analyses and multiple-variable logistic regressions (MLRs) determined the association between BCTCM variables and outcomes. Results: In the dyslipidemia group, the Qi-deficient and Yang-deficient types accounted for more participants than others, and these two types were significantly associated with the outcome ([Formula: see text]). MLRs detected significant associations between the Qi-deficient and Yang-deficient types with dyslipidemia ([Formula: see text] for the two), and their odds ratios (ORs) for dyslipidemia were 1.211 and 1.234, respectively. Conclusion: Qi-deficient and Yang-deficient types are independently and significantly associated with dyslipidemia. Participants with Qi-deficient and Yang-deficient constitutions have a higher incidence of dyslipidemia.
A New Look at Novice Programmer Errors
Authors: McCall Davin , Kölling Michael 
Published: July 2019

The types of programming errors that novice programmers make and struggle to resolve have long been of interest to researchers. Various past studies have analyzed the frequency of compiler diagnostic messages. This information, however, does not have a direct correlation to the types of errors students make, due to the inaccuracy and imprecision of diagnostic messages. Furthermore, few attempts have been made to determine the severity of different kinds of errors in terms other than frequency of occurrence. Previously, we developed a method for meaningful categorization of errors, and produced a frequency distribution of these error categories; in this article, we extend the previous method to also make a determination of error difficulty, in order to give a better measurement of the overall severity of different kinds of errors.
An error category hierarchy was developed and validated, and errors in snapshots of students source code were categorized accordingly. The result is a frequency table of logical error categories rather than diagnostic messages. Resolution time for each of the analyzed errors was calculated, and the average resolution time for each category of error was determined; this defines an error difficulty score. The combination of frequency and difficulty allow us to identify the types of error that are most problematic for novice programmers.
The results show that ranking errors by severity—a product of frequency and difficulty—yields a significantly different ordering than ranking them by frequency alone, indicating that error frequency by itself may not be a suitable indicator for which errors are actually the most problematic for students.