bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex wireframe DNA nanostructures from simple building blocks
Authors: Wang Wen , Chen Silian , An Byoungkwon , Huang Kai , Bai Tanxi , Xu Mengyuan , Bellot Gaëtan , Ke Yonggang , Xiang Ye , Wei Bryan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDNA nanostructures with increasing complexity have showcased the power of programmable self-assembly from DNA strands. At the nascent stage of the field, a variety of small branched objects consisting of a few DNA strands were created. Since then, a quantum leap of complexity has been achieved by a scaffolded ‘origami’ approach and a scaffold-free approach using single-stranded tiles/bricks—creating fully addressable two-dimensional and three-dimensional DNA nanostructures designed on densely packed lattices. Recently, wireframe architectures have been applied to the DNA origami method to construct complex structures. Here, revisiting the original wireframe framework entirely made of short synthetic strands, we demonstrate a design paradigm that circumvents the sophisticated routing and size limitations intrinsic to the scaffold strand in DNA origami. Under this highly versatile self-assembly framework, we produce a myriad of wireframe structures, including 2D arrays, tubes, polyhedra, and multi-layer 3D arrays.
High performance planar germanium-on-silicon single-photon avalanche diode detectors
Authors: Vines Peter , Kuzmenko Kateryna , Kirdoda Jarosław , Dumas Derek C. S. , Mirza Muhammad M. , Millar Ross W. , Paul Douglas J. , Buller Gerald S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSingle-photon detection has emerged as a method of choice for ultra-sensitive measurements of picosecond optical transients. In the short-wave infrared, semiconductor-based single-photon detectors typically exhibit relatively poor performance compared with all-silicon devices operating at shorter wavelengths. Here we show a new generation of planar germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) detectors for short-wave infrared operation. This planar geometry has enabled a significant step-change in performance, demonstrating single-photon detection efficiency of 38% at 125 K at a wavelength of 1310 nm, and a fifty-fold improvement in noise equivalent power compared with optimised mesa geometry SPADs. In comparison with InGaAs/InP devices, Ge-on-Si SPADs exhibit considerably reduced afterpulsing effects. These results, utilising the inexpensive Ge-on-Si platform, provide a route towards large arrays of efficient, high data rate Ge-on-Si SPADs for use in eye-safe automotive LIDAR and future quantum technology applications.
Ufbp1 promotes plasma cell development and ER expansion by modulating distinct branches of UPR
Authors: Zhu Huabin , Bhatt Brinda , Sivaprakasam Sathish , Cai Yafei , Liu Siyang , Kodeboyina Sai Karthik , Patel Nikhil , Savage Natasha M. , Sharma Ashok , Kaufman Randal J. , Li Honglin , Singh Nagendra 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe IRE1α/XBP1 branch of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway has a critical function in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expansion in plasma cells via unknown mechanisms; interestingly, another UPR branch, PERK, is suppressed during plasma cell development. Here we show that Ufbp1, a target and cofactor of the ufmylation pathway, promotes plasma cell development by suppressing the activation of PERK. By contrast, the IRE1α/XBP1 axis upregulates the expression of Ufbp1 and ufmylation pathway genes in plasma cells, while Ufbp1 deficiency impairs ER expansion in plasma cells and retards immunoglobulin production. Structure and function analysis suggests that lysine 267 of Ufbp1, the main lysine in Ufbp1 that undergoes ufmylation, is dispensable for the development of plasmablasts, but is required for immunoglobulin production and stimulation of ER expansion in IRE1α-deficient plasmablasts. Thus, Ufbp1 distinctly regulates different branches of UPR pathway to promote plasma cell development and function.
Polymer gels with tunable ionic Seebeck coefficient for ultra-sensitive printed thermopiles
Authors: Zhao Dan , Martinelli Anna , Willfahrt Andreas , Fischer Thomas , Bernin Diana , Khan Zia Ullah , Shahi Maryam , Brill Joseph , Jonsson Magnus P. , Fabiano Simone , Crispin Xavier 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMeasuring temperature and heat flux is important for regulating any physical, chemical, and biological processes. Traditional thermopiles can provide accurate and stable temperature reading but they are based on brittle inorganic materials with low Seebeck coefficient, and are difficult to manufacture over large areas. Recently, polymer electrolytes have been proposed for thermoelectric applications because of their giant ionic Seebeck coefficient, high flexibility and ease of manufacturing. However, the materials reported to date have positive Seebeck coefficients, hampering the design of ultra-sensitive ionic thermopiles. Here we report an “ambipolar” ionic polymer gel with giant negative ionic Seebeck coefficient. The latter can be tuned from negative to positive by adjusting the gel composition. We show that the ion-polymer matrix interaction is crucial to control the sign and magnitude of the ionic Seebeck coefficient. The ambipolar gel can be easily screen printed, enabling large-area device manufacturing at low cost.
Percolation thresholds for photonic quantum computing
Authors: Pant Mihir , Towsley Don , Englund Dirk , Guha Saikat 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite linear-optical fusion (Bell measurement) being probabilistic, photonic cluster states for universal quantum computation can be prepared without feed-forward by fusing small n-photon entangled clusters, if the success probability of each fusion attempt is above a threshold, $${\mathrm{\lambda }}_{\mathrm{c}}^{(n)}$$

λ

c

(

n

)

. We prove a general bound $${\mathrm{\lambda }}_{\mathrm{c}}^{(n)} \ge 1/(n - 1)$$

λ

c

(

n

)

≥
1
∕

(

n
-
1

)

, and develop a conceptual method to construct long-range-connected clusters where $${\mathrm{\lambda }}_{\mathrm{c}}^{(n)}$$

λ

c

(

n

)

becomes the bond percolation threshold of a logical graph. This mapping lets us find constructions that require lower fusion success probabilities than currently known, and settle a heretofore open question by showing that a universal cluster state can be created by fusing 3-photon clusters over a 2D lattice with a fusion success probability that is achievable with linear optics and single photons, making this attractive for integrated-photonic realizations.
Reversible defect engineering in graphene grain boundaries
Authors: Balasubramanian Krishna , Biswas Tathagatha , Ghosh Priyadarshini , Suran Swathi , Mishra Abhishek , Mishra Rohan , Sachan Ritesh , Jain Manish , Varma Manoj , Pratap Rudra , Raghavan Srinivasan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearch efforts in large area graphene synthesis have been focused on increasing grain size. Here, it is shown that, beyond 1 μm grain size, grain boundary engineering determines the electronic properties of the monolayer. It is established by chemical vapor deposition experiments and first-principle calculations that there is a thermodynamic correlation between the vapor phase chemistry and carbon potential at grain boundaries and triple junctions. As a result, boundary formation can be controlled, and well-formed boundaries can be intentionally made defective, reversibly. In 100 µm long channels this aspect is demonstrated by reversibly changing room temperature electronic mobilities from 1000 to 20,000 cm2 V−1 s−1. Water permeation experiments show that changes are localized to grain boundaries. Electron microscopy is further used to correlate the global vapor phase conditions and the boundary defect types. Such thermodynamic control is essential to enable consistent growth and control of two-dimensional layer properties over large areas.
Multispectral optoacoustic imaging of dynamic redox correlation and pathophysiological progression utilizing upconversion nanoprobes
Authors: Ai Xiangzhao , Wang Zhimin , Cheong Haolun , Wang Yong , Zhang Ruochong , Lin Jun , Zheng Yuanjin , Gao Mingyuan , Xing Bengang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrecise and differential profiling of the dynamic correlations and pathophysiological implications of multiplex biological mediators with deep penetration and highly programmed precision remain critical challenges in clinics. Here we present an innovative strategy by tailoring a powerful multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) technique with a photon-upconverting nanoprobe (UCN) for simultaneous visualization of diversely endogenous redox biomarkers with excellent spatiotemporal resolution in living conditions. Upon incorporating two specific radicals-sensitive NIR cyanine fluorophores onto UCNs surface, such nanoprobes can orthogonally respond to disparate oxidative and nitrosative stimulation, and generate spectrally opposite optoacoustic signal variations, which thus achieves compelling superiorities for reversed ratiometric tracking of multiple radicals under dual independent wavelength channels, and significantly, for precise validating of their complex dynamics and correlations with redox-mediated pathophysiological procession in vivo.
Regnase-1-mediated post-transcriptional regulation is essential for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell homeostasis
Authors: Kidoya Hiroyasu , Muramatsu Fumitaka , Shimamura Teppei , Jia Weizhen , Satoh Takashi , Hayashi Yumiko , Naito Hisamichi , Kunisaki Yuya , Arai Fumio , Seki Masahide , Suzuki Yutaka , Osawa Tsuyoshi , Akira Shizuo , Takakura Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe balance between self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) maintains hematopoietic homeostasis, failure of which can lead to hematopoietic disorder. HSPC fate is controlled by signals from the bone marrow niche resulting in alteration of the stem cell transcription network. Regnase-1, a member of the CCCH zinc finger protein family possessing RNAse activity, mediates post-transcriptional regulatory activity through degradation of target mRNAs. The precise function of Regnase-1 has been explored in inflammation-related cytokine expression but its function in hematopoiesis has not been elucidated. Here, we show that Regnase-1 regulates self-renewal of HSPCs through modulating the stability of Gata2 and Tal1 mRNA. In addition, we found that dysfunction of Regnase-1 leads to the rapid onset of abnormal hematopoiesis. Thus, our data reveal that Regnase-1-mediated post-transcriptional regulation is required for HSPC maintenance and suggest that it represents a leukemia tumor suppressor.
Harnessing liquid-in-liquid printing and micropatterned substrates to fabricate 3-dimensional all-liquid fluidic devices
Authors: Feng Wenqian , Chai Yu , Forth Joe , Ashby Paul D. , Russell Thomas P. , Helms Brett A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSystems comprised of immiscible liquids held in non-equilibrium shapes by the interfacial assembly and jamming of nanoparticle−polymer surfactants have significant potential to advance catalysis, chemical separations, energy storage and conversion. Spatially directing functionality within them and coupling processes in both phases remains a challenge. Here, we exploit nanoclay−polymer surfactant assemblies at an oil−water interface to produce a semi-permeable membrane between the liquids, and from them all-liquid fluidic devices with bespoke properties. Flow channels are fabricated using micropatterned 2D substrates and liquid-in-liquid 3D printing. The anionic walls of the device can be functionalized with cationic small molecules, enzymes, and colloidal nanocrystal catalysts. Multi-step chemical transformations can be conducted within the channels under flow, as can selective mass transport across the liquid−liquid interface for in-line separations. These all-liquid systems become automated using pumps, detectors, and control systems, revealing a latent ability for chemical logic and learning.
Neutrophils promote the development of reparative macrophages mediated by ROS to orchestrate liver repair
Authors: Yang Wenting , Tao Yuandong , Wu Yan , Zhao Xinyuan , Ye Weijie , Zhao Dianyuan , Fu Ling , Tian Caiping , Yang Jing , He Fuchu , Tang Li 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhagocytes, including neutrophils and macrophages, have been suggested to function in a cooperative way in the initial phase of inflammatory responses, but their interaction and integration in the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair remain unclear. Here we show that neutrophils have crucial functions in liver repair by promoting the phenotypic conversion of pro-inflammatory Ly6ChiCX3CR1lo monocytes/macrophages to pro-resolving Ly6CloCX3CR1hi macrophages. Intriguingly, reactive oxygen species (ROS), expressed predominantly by neutrophils, are important mediators that trigger this phenotypic conversion to promote liver repair. Moreover, this conversion is prevented by the depletion of neutrophils via anti-Ly6G antibody, genetic deficiency of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, or genetic deficiency of NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2). By contrast, adoptive transfer of WT rather than Nox2−/− neutrophils rescues the impaired phenotypic conversion of macrophages in neutrophil-depleted mice. Our findings thus identify an intricate cooperation between neutrophils and macrophages that orchestrate resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.
Phase segregation due to ion migration in all-inorganic mixed-halide perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Huichao , Fu Xu , Tang Ying , Wang Hua , Zhang Chunfeng , Yu William W. , Wang Xiaoyong , Zhang Yu , Xiao Min 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSemiconductor mixed-halide perovskites featured with a tunable energy bandgap are ideal candidates for light absorbers in tandem solar cells as well as fluorescent materials in light-emitting diodes and nanoscale lasers. These device advancements are currently hindered by the light-induced phase segregation effect, whereby ion migration would yield smaller-bandgap domains with red-shifted photoluminescence. Here we show that upon laser excitation all-inorganic mixed-halide nanocrystals unexpectedly exhibit a blue shift in the photoluminescence peak that can revert back in the dark, thus depicting the processes of ion migration out of and back to the originally excited nanocrystals. Interestingly, this reversible photoluminescence shift can also be induced by electrical biasing of mixed-halide nanocrystals without the injection of charge carriers. The above findings suggest that it is the local electric field that breaks the ionic bonds in mixed-halide nanocrystals, which could be a universal origin for light-induced phase segregation observed in other mixed-halide perovskite materials.
A complex hydride lithium superionic conductor for high-energy-density all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Kim Sangryun , Oguchi Hiroyuki , Toyama Naoki , Sato Toyoto , Takagi Shigeyuki , Otomo Toshiya , Arunkumar Dorai , Kuwata Naoaki , Kawamura Junichi , Orimo Shin-ichi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAll-solid-state batteries incorporating lithium metal anode have the potential to address the energy density issues of conventional lithium-ion batteries that use flammable organic liquid electrolytes and low-capacity carbonaceous anodes. However, they suffer from high lithium ion transfer resistance, mainly due to the instability of the solid electrolytes against lithium metal, limiting their use in practical cells. Here, we report a complex hydride lithium superionic conductor, 0.7Li(CB9H10)–0.3Li(CB11H12), with excellent stability against lithium metal and a high conductivity of 6.7 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C. This complex hydride exhibits stable lithium plating/stripping reaction with negligible interfacial resistance (<1 Ω cm2) at 0.2 mA cm−2, enabling all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries with high energy density (>2500 Wh kg−1) at a high current density of 5016 mA g−1. The present study opens up an unexplored research area in the field of solid electrolyte materials, contributing to the development of high-energy-density batteries.
Pressure-tuning the quantum spin Hamiltonian of the triangular lattice antiferromagnet Cs2CuCl4
Authors: Zvyagin S. A. , Graf D. , Sakurai T. , Kimura S. , Nojiri H. , Wosnitza J. , Ohta H. , Ono T. , Tanaka H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractQuantum triangular-lattice antiferromagnets are important prototype systems to investigate numerous phenomena of the geometrical frustration in condensed matter. Apart from highly unusual magnetic properties, they possess a rich phase diagram (ranging from an unfrustrated square lattice to a quantum spin liquid), yet to be confirmed experimentally. One major obstacle in this area of research is the lack of materials with appropriate (ideally tuned) magnetic parameters. Using Cs2CuCl4 as a model system, we demonstrate an alternative approach, where, instead of the chemical composition, the spin Hamiltonian is altered by hydrostatic pressure. The approach combines high-pressure electron spin resonance and r.f. susceptibility measurements, allowing us not only to quasi-continuously tune the exchange parameters, but also to accurately monitor them. Our experiments indicate a substantial increase of the exchange coupling ratio from 0.3 to 0.42 at a pressure of 1.8 GPa, revealing a number of emergent field-induced phases.
Autonomous helical propagation of active toroids with mechanical action
Authors: Shen Bowen , Zhu Youliang , Kim Yongju , Zhou Xiaobin , Sun Haonan , Lu Zhongyuan , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSelf-assembly in nature is fundamentally dynamic, existing in out-of-equilibrium state in which the systems have the ability to autonomously respond to environmental changes. However, artificial systems exist in a global minimum state, which are incapable of conducting such complex functions. Here we report that input of thermal energy can trigger fixed, artificial toroids to spontaneously nucleate helical growth. The helical polymerization undergoes reversible and repeatable cycles with subsequent energy input. When the toroids are located inside lipid vesicles, the polymerization-depolymerization cycle is accompanied by reversible elongation of spherical vesicles. Such liberation from a global minimum state will pave the way to create emergent structures with functions as complex as those of living systems.
Development of selective cytotoxic viral vectors for concentration of undifferentiated cells in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Kono Ken , Sawada Rumi , Kuroda Takuya , Yasuda Satoshi , Matsuyama Satoko , Matsuyama Akifumi , Mizuguchi Hiroyuki , Sato Yoji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCell-processed therapeutic products (CTPs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have innovative applications in regenerative medicine. However, undifferentiated hPSCs possess tumorigenic potential; thus, sensitive methods for the detection of residual undifferentiated hPSCs are essential for the clinical use of hPSC-derived CTPs. The detection limit of the methods currently available is 1/105 (0.001%, undifferentiated hPSCs/differentiated cells) or more, which could be insufficient for the detection of residual hPSCs when CTPs contain more than 1 × 105 cells. In this study, we developed a novel approach to overcome this challenge, using adenovirus and adeno-associated virus (AdV and AAV)-based selective cytotoxic vectors. We constructed AdV and AAV vectors that possess a suicide gene, iCaspase 9 (iCasp9), regulated by the CMV promoter, which is dormant in hPSCs, for the selective expression of iCasp9 in differentiated cells. As expected, AdV/CMV-iCasp9 and AAV/CMV-iCasp9 exhibited cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes but not in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). The vectors also induced apoptosis in hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, and the surviving cells exhibited higher levels of hPSC marker expression. These results indicate that the AdV- and AAV-based cytotoxic vectors concentrate cells expressing the undifferentiated cell markers in hiPSC-derived products and are promising biological tools for verifying the quality of CTPs.
Robotic-Assisted 3D Bio-printing for Repairing Bone and Cartilage Defects through a Minimally Invasive Approach
Authors: Lipskas Julius , Deep Kamal , Yao Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is an unmet need for new techniques and methods of healing critical size tissue defects, by further reduction of invasiveness in implant, cell and tissue-based surgery. This paper presents the development of a new regenerative medicine that combines 3D bio-printing and robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery techniques to meet this need. We investigated the feasibility of Remote Centre of Motion (RCM) and viscous material extrusion 3D printing. A hypothetical, intra-articular, regenerative medicine-based treatment technique for focal cartilage defects of the knee was used as a potential example of the application of 3D printing in vivo. The results of this study suggest, that RCM mechanism is feasible with viscous material extrusion 3D printing processes, without a major trade-off in imprint quality. The achieved printing accuracy at an average dimensional error of 0.06 ± 0.14 mm in this new modality of 3D printing is comparable to those described in literature for other types of bio-printing. Robotic assisted 3D bio-printing demonstrated here is a viable option for focal cartilage defect restoration.
Mouse mast cell protease 4 suppresses scar formation after traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Vangansewinkel Tim , Lemmens Stefanie , Geurts Nathalie , Quanten Kirsten , Dooley Dearbhaile , Pejler Gunnar , Hendrix Sven 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) triggers the formation of a glial and fibrotic scar, which creates a major barrier for neuroregenerative processes. Previous findings indicate that mast cells (MCs) protect the spinal cord after mechanical damage by suppressing detrimental inflammatory processes via mouse mast cell protease 4 (mMCP4), a MC-specific chymase. In addition to these immunomodulatory properties, mMCP4 also plays an important role in tissue remodeling and extracellular matrix degradation. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of mMCP4 on the scarring response after SCI. We demonstrate that the decrease in locomotor performance in mMCP4−/− mice is correlated with excessive scar formation at the lesion. The expression of axon-growth inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans was dramatically increased in the perilesional area in mMCP4−/− mice compared to wild type mice. Moreover, the fibronectin-, laminin-, and collagen IV-positive scar was significantly enlarged in mMCP4−/− mice at the lesion center. A degradation assay revealed that mMCP4 directly cleaves collagen IV in vitro. On the gene expression level, neurocan and GFAP were significantly higher in the mMCP4−/− group at day 2 and day 28 after injury respectively. In contrast, the expression of fibronectin and collagen IV was reduced in mMCP4−/− mice compared to WT mice at day 7 after SCI. In conclusion, our data show that mMCP4 modulates scar development after SCI by altering the gene and protein expression patterns of key scar factors in vivo. Therefore, we suggest a new mechanism via which endogenous mMCP4 can improve recovery after SCI.