bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans spores on the intestinal microflora and growth performance in rat
Authors: Mazkour Somaye , Shekarforoush Seyed Shahram , Basiri Sara 
Published: August 2019

Background and Objectives: The intestinal microflora has an important role in the health status. Since probiotics can bal- ance the intestinal microflora, they have a lot of health beneficial effects. So the appropriate selection of probiotics can cause health-promoting effects. In this study, the combined effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus coagulans on the intestinal microflora and growth performance in rats were investigated.
Materials and Methods: 80 male rats were divided into the treatment (receiving 5×107 spores/ml of B. subtilis and 5×107 spores/ml of B. coagulans for three weeks in daily water) and control (tap water without probiotics) groups. The total aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), coliforms and spores were weekly counted in the fecal samples. Additionally, the water and feed consumption, the weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were calculated for each week.
Results: The probiotics significantly increased the total aerobic, LAB and spore counts and caused significant reduction in the anaerobe and coliform counts. Following three weeks of probiotic administration, the number of anaerobic bacteria, and coliforms were reduced by up to 0.7 and 1.18 log and the number of aerobic bacteria, LAB and spores were increased by
1.29, 1.15 and 7.2 log respectively. Also, the results showed the feed consumption reduction, weight gain and FCR enhance-
ment in the probiotic group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Supplementation the spores of B. subtilis and B. coagulans improved the growth performance and was benefi- cial to the intestinal microbiota in rats.
Perspectives of Hinduism and Zoroastrianism on abortion: a comparative study between two pro-life ancient sisters
Authors: Aramesh Kiarash 
Published: August 2019

Hinduism and Zoroastrianism have strong historical bonds and share similar value-systems. As an instance, both of these religions are pro-life. Abortion has been explicitly mentioned in Zoroastrian Holy Scriptures including Avesta, Shayast-Nashayast and Arda Viraf Nameh. According to Zoroastrian moral teachings, abortion is evil for two reasons: killing an innocent and intrinsically good person, and the contamination caused by the dead body (Nashu). In Hinduism, the key concepts involving moral deliberations on abortion are Ahimsa, Karma and reincarnation. Accordingly, abortion deliberately disrupts the process of reincarnation, and killing an innocent human being is not only in contrast with the concept of Ahimsa, but also places a serious karmic burden on its agent. The most noteworthy similarity between Zoroastrianism and Hinduism is their pro-life approach. The concept of Asha in Zoroastrianism is like the concept of Dharma in Hinduism, referring to a superior law of the universe and the bright path of life for the believers. In terms of differences, Zoroastrianism is a religion boasting a God, a prophet, and a Holy book, while Hinduism lacks all these features. Instead of reincarnation and rebirth, Zoroastrianism, like Abrahamic religions, believes in the afterlife. Also, in contrast with the concept of Karma, in Zoroastrianism, Ahura Mazda can either punish or forgive sins.
Al-Qur’an dan Psikologi
Authors: Afandi Muslim 
Published: August 2019

Viewed from various aspects, al-Qur'an has long talked about psychology before the West exposed this concept. Even when by definition the concept of psychology is still "shifting in search" of the true form of meaning, Al-Qur'an explicitly explains the psychological concepts related to everything that concerns of human both from physical and psychic reviews. Al-Quran reviews about the human physical includes insan, ins, nas or unas, basyar, and bani adam or zurriyat adam. While the review of the soul/psychic is broader that start from an-nafs, ar-ruh and al-jism with all sorts of diversity of meaning and intent.
Ditinjau dari berbagai aspek, al-Quran telah lama membicarakan psikologi sebelum dunia Barat memaparkan konsep ini. Bahkan ketika secara definisi konsep psikologi masih “bergeser mencari” bentuk arti yang sesungghuhnya, al-Quran telah secara gamblang menjelaskan konsep-konsep psikologis berkaitan dengan segala sesuatu yang menyangkut manusia baik dari tinjauan fisik maupun psikis. Tinjau al-Quran tentang fisik manusia mencakup insan, ins, nas atau unas, basyar, dan bani adam atau zurriyat adam. Sementara tinjauan tentang jiwa/psikis lebih luas yang dimulai dari an-nafs, ar-ruh dan al-jism dengan segala macam keberagaman arti dan maksudnya.
Implikasi Psikologis Bagi Penghafal Al-Qur’an
Authors: Masduki Yusron 
Published: August 2019

The wisdom of memorizing the Koran will be won, whoever recites the Qur'an, learns, and practices, is applied to his parents' crown of light on the Day of Resurrection. The light is like sunlight and both parents are dressed in two glorious robes that were never found in the world. The virtue of memorizing the Qur'an: first, the Qur'an as a giver of intercession for the reader, understanding and practicing; secondly, the memorizers of the Qur'an have been promised by Allah SWT, thirdly, the Qur'an becomes Hujjah / defender for the reader and as a guardian of the torrent of hell fire. The special Qur'an reader memorizing the Qur'an quality and quantity of higher reading, will be with the angel always protect and invite to the good. As for psychological implications for the first Qur'an memorizers, as a drug distracted, anxious and anxious; secondly, memorizing the Qur'an to gain peace of mind, intelligence and boost learning achievement; third, the memorization of the Qur'an can reduce juvenile delinquency and tawuran; the memorization of the Qur'an will be highly rewarded by Allah and His Messenger; memorizing the Qur'an as a cure for anyone who reads and memorizes.

Hikmahnya hafal al-Quran akan diperoleh kemenangan, barang siapa membaca al-Qur’an, mempelajari, dan mengamalkan, dipakaikan kepada orang tuanya mahkota dari cahaya pada hari kiamat. Cahayanya seperti cahaya matahari dan kedua orang tuanya dipakaikan dua jubah kemuliaan yang tidak pernah didapatkan di dunia. Keutamaan menghafal al-Qur’an: pertama, al-Qur’an sebagai pemberi syafa’at pada bagi pembaca, memahami dan mengamalkan; kedua, penghafal al-Qur’an telah dijanjikan derajatnya oleh Allah SWT, ketiga, al-Qur’an menjadi Hujjah/pembela bagi pembaca dan sebagai pelindung dari adzab api neraka. Pembaca al-Qur’an khusus penghafal al-Qur’an kualitas dan kuantitas bacaan lebih tinggi, akan bersama malaikat selalu melindungi dan mengajak kepada kebaikan. Adapun implikasi secara psikologi bagi penghafal al-Qur’an pertama, sebagai obat galau, cemas dan cemas; kedua, menghafal al-Qur’an untuk memperoleh ketenangan jiwa, kecerdasan dan mendongkrak prestasi belajar; ketiga, penghafal al-Qur’an dapat meredam kenakalan remaja dan tawuran; penghafal al-Qur’an akan mendapat penghargaan yang tinggi di sisi Allah dan Rasul-Nya; menghafal al-Qur’an sebagai obat bagi siapa saja yang membaca dan menghafalkan.
Hikmah Tut Tasyri’ Ahli Waris Mualaf Setelah Pewaris Meninggal Dunia Mendapatkan Harta Warisan
Authors: Fitriyati Yusida 
Published: August 2019

The causes of Islamic inheritance relationship are relationship nasab, marital relations, wala 'and the same religion relationship. Furthermore, the relationship causes a barrier of inheritance is for murder, different religions and slavery. From the above explanation if there are reasons the above relationship, it will cause a person entitled to be heirs and vice versa if there are causes obstructions inheritance, it will be blocked to inherit each other. If the heirs is not Moeslem and during heirs lifetime, and then heir embrace Islam, Mualaf. after He or She died while the inheritance is not devided yet. In this case there is a opinion of Imam mashab, which is the opinion of Imam Ahmad who argue are not blocked and the right to become heir. Based on the purpose of this research was conducted to know hikmahtut tasyri, Mualaf after the heir dies become heir. The Type of This research is a library (library research) by reviewing the current literature sources as data sources, which are analyzed descriptively qualitative. From results of this research, we concluded that hikmah tut tasyri Expected increase the confidence and faith of Islam heirs Mualaf, so strengthening his or her Islam. This is in keeping with religion. Adding and strengthen kinship between the heir to the heir who had died because there are two relationships that the same religion relationship and incest. These conditions will maintain the benefit of ancestry, making tranquility of life and love among the heirs.
Composición florística y carbono en la vegetación arbórea de un área periurbana en Tabasco, México
Authors: Tobías-Baeza Aydee , Salvador Morales Pedro , Sánchez-Hernández Rufo , Ruiz-Acosta Silvia Del Carmen , Arrieta-Rivera Agrícola , Andrade-Prado Héctor 
Published: August 2019

El objetivo fue determinar la composición florística, y la captura de carbono (C) en los parches de vegetación arbórea del área periurbana de Ocuiltzapotlan-Macultepec. Se evaluaron los subsistemas: frutales (FR), selva media sub- perennifolia (SM), árboles en potreros (AP) y una plantación forestal de Cedrella odorata (PF). En cada subsistema se establecieron parcelas de muestreo de 1000 m2 en las que se realizaron inventarios forestales para determinar las especies y se midieron los diámetros y alturas de los árboles. En el área de estudio se registraron 21 familias, 35 géneros y 38 especies, valores más bajo a los reportados para áreas naturales no perturbadas. Sin embargo, algunas especies poseen características de equidad y dasométricas, que les confieren una capacidad para almacenar de 38.99 a 84.82 Mg C ha−1, por esta razón, la captura de carbono es una de las principales funciones ambientales que ofrece esta área periurbana.
Oribátidos, colémbolos y hormigas como indicadores de perturbación del suelo en sistemas de producción agrícola
Authors: Cabrera Mireles Hector , Murillo Cuevas Félix David , Villanueva Jiménez Juan Antonio , Adame Grcía Jacel 
Published: August 2019

Se comparó la abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de oribátidos, colémbolos y hormigas como indicadores de perturbación del suelo encontrados bajo sistemas de manejo mínimo (tradicional), manejo en transición y manejo tecnifi- cado del cultivo de mango, así como el sistema de manejo tecnificado de la caña de azúcar en la región Centro de Veracruz, México. En cada sistema de manejo se tomaron muestras de suelo y hojarasca, para colectar artrópodos mediante el método de embudos de Berlese-Tullgren. Los muestreos se realizaron en primavera, verano e invierno durante el 2017 y 2018. Las especies con mayor abundancia fueron los ácaros Ceratozetes sp., Archegozetes longisetosus, Scheloribates laticlava, Paropanolophus sp. y Pseudoparasitussp., los colémbolos Pseudosinella sp. y Seira sp., y las hormigas Solenop- sis conjurata, Solenopsis terricola, Pyramica brevicornis y Pachycondyla harpax. Los colémbolos y hormigas fueron más abundantes bajo el sistema de manejo mínimo seguido por manejo en transición, y por último en los sistemas de manejo tecnificado de mango y caña de azúcar. En cambio, los oribátidos fueron más abundantes en el sistema de manejo tecnificado del cultivo de mango. El sistema de manejo tecnificado con caña de azúcar con promedio de 12.3 individuos, 1.3 especies y 0.26 de diversidad fue significativamente inferior a los otros sistemas (abundancia, F3,112 = 7.2, p = 0.0001; riqueza, F3,112 = 13.3, p = 0.0001; diversidad, F3,112 = 13.2, p = 0.0001), los cuales no presentaron diferencias significativas entre sí (p > 0.05).
Effect of Total Amount of Metformin HCl on the Characteristics of Metformin-Ca Alginate Microspheres
Authors: Hariyadi Dewi Melani , Rosita Noorma , Rosadi Tiara Jeni 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Metformin hydrochloride (metformin HCl) is an antidiabetic drug that is specifically used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and belongs to the biguanide antidiabetic drugs. Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the effect of total amount of metformin HCl on the characteristics of metformin HCl-Ca alginate microspheres using aerosolization technique. Methods: The total amount of metformin were 0.5 g (F1); 1 g (F2); 1.5 g (F3) and 2 g (F4). Drug was encapsulated into alginate and was crosslinked using CaCl2. Results: The results showed that drug loadings were 5.09%; 9.61%; 13.11%; and 15.09% respectively, while the entrapment efficiencies were 48.35%; 41.99%; 38.67%; and 30.53%. The yields were 80.92%; 74.12%; 68.27%; and 59.11% respectively. Based on the statistical analysis, it was found that there were significant differences between formulas. Particles of formulas decreased as the amount of drug increased. The resulting sizes were 1.82 μm (F1); 1.96 μm (F2); 2.1 μm (F3); and 2.97 μm (F4). Conclusion: It can be concluded that amount of drug significantly affected the characteristics of metformin-alginate microspheres.
Optimasi Kondisi Sintesis Asam 4-Benzoiloksisinamat Menggunakan Iradiasi Gelombang Mikro
Authors: Sagitaras Ilham Bagus , Syahrani Achmad , Ekowati Juni 
Published: August 2019

Pendahuluan: Salah satu usaha meningkatkan aktivitas asam p-kumarat adalah meningkatkan sifat lipofiliknya. Reaksi benzoilasi gugus fenol asam p-kumarat merupakan salah satu strategi meningkatkan sifat lipofilik. Iradiasi microwave merupakan salah satu alternative metode untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dalam reaksi organik. Selain memiliki kelebihan mempercepat reaksi kimia, penggunaan iradiasi gelombang mikro juga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan struktur kimia produk maupun terjadinya reaksi samping lainnya. Tujuan: Mendapatkan kondisi optimum reaksi sintesis asam 4-benzoiloksisinamat. Metode: asam 4-benzoiloksisinamat disintesis dengan cara mereaksikan asam p-kumarat, benzoil klorida dan piridin sebagai katalis. Reaksi benzoilasi dilakukan dengan iradiasi gelombang mikro pada daya 180, 270, dan 360 Watt. Karakterisasi asam 4-benzoiloksisinamat dilakukan menggunakan alat spektrometer UV-Vis, FT-IR dan 1H–NMR. Hasil: Persentase hasil yang diperoleh pada daya 180, 270, dan 360 Watt berturut-turut adalah sebagai berikut 49,3%, 58,5%, and 47,7%. Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan persentase hasil yang diperoleh pada daya 270 Watt dengan persentase hasil pada daya 180 Watt dan 360 Watt, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan bermakna persentase hasil pada daya 180 Watt dan 360 Watt. Persentase hasil terbesar diperoleh selama enam puluh detik pada daya 270 Watt, yaitu 61,4%. Jika reaksi dilakukan lebih dari enam puluh detik, terjadi kerusakan struktur senyawa target. Kesimpulan: Kondisi optimum sintesis asam 4-benzoiloksisinamat menggunakan iradiasi gelombang mikro adalah selama enam puluh detik pada daya 270 Watt.
Motor impairment in a rare form of spastic paraplegia (Spoan syndrome): a 10-year follow-up
Authors: Galvão Cláudia R. C. , Cavalcante Priscilla M. A. , Olinda Ricardo , Graciani Zodja , Zatz Mayana , Kok Fernando , Santos Silvana , Lancman Selma 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy and neuropathy (Spoan syndrome) is an autosomal recessive disease with approximately 70 cases recorded in Brazil and Egypt. Methods: This is a prospective longitudinal study performed with 47 patients affected with Spoan syndrome of seven communities of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) to investigate changes in motor function based on comparative data obtained from a 10-year follow-up. Results: The mean age of the participants was 47.21±12.42 years old, and the mean age at loss of ambulation and hand function were 10.78±5.55 and 33.58±17.47 years old, respectively. Spearman’s correlation analysis between the score on the Modified Barthel Index and the investigated variables evidenced statistical significance for age (p<0.001) and right- and left-hand grip strength (p=0.042 and p=0.021, respectively). Statistical significance was not evidenced for the remainder of the variables, including age at onset of symptoms (p=0.634), age at loss of ambulation (p=0.664) and age at loss of hand function (p=0.118). Conclusions: Our analysis allows asserting that the participants exhibited slight dependence until age 35. The greatest losses occurred from ages 35 to 41, and starting at 50, practically all patients become completely dependent. These findings are relevant for determining the prognosis as well as suitable treatment, rehabilitation and assistive technology for these individuals.
Treatment outcomes and antiretroviral uptake in Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis and HIV coinfected Patients in Sub Saharan Africa. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chem Elvis Dzelamonyuy , Hout Marie Claire Van , Hope Vivian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in HIV endemic settings is a major threat to public health. MDR-TB is a substantial and underreported problem in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with recognised cases projected to increase with advancement in diagnostic technology. There is paucity of review evidence on treatment outcomes and antiretroviral (ART) uptake among MDR-TB patients with HIV in SSA. To address this gap a review of treatment outcomes in HIV patients co-infected with MDR-TB in the SSA region was undertaken.

Methods

Three databases (Medline, Web of Science, CINHAL), Union on Lung Heath conference proceedings and grey literature were searched for publications between January 2004 and May 2018. Records were assessed for eligibility and data extracted. Random effect meta-analysis was conducted using STATA and Cochrane’s review manager.

Results

A total of 271 publications were identified of which nine fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was collected from 3,368 MDR-TB and HIV co-infected patients from four SSA countries; South Africa (6), Lesotho (1), Botswana (1) and Ethiopia (1). The most common outcome was cure (34.9% cured in the pooled analysis), this was followed by death (18.1% in pooled analysis). ART uptake was high, at 83% in the pooled analysis. Cure ranged from 22.2% to 57.7% among patients on ART and from 28.6% to 54.7% among those not on ART medication. MDR-TB and HIV coinfected patients were less likely to be successfully treated than HIV negative MDR-TB patients (Risk Ratio = 0.87, 95% CI 0.97, 0.96).

Conclusion

Treatment outcomes for MDR-TB and HIV coinfected patients do not vary widely from those reported globally. However, treatment success was lower among HIV positive MDR-TB patients compared to HIV negative MDR-TB patients. Prompt antiretroviral initiation and interventions to improve treatment adherence are necessary.
Breaking barriers: using the Behavior Change Wheel to develop a tailored intervention to overcome workplace inhibitors to breaking up sitting time
Authors: Ojo Samson O , Bailey Daniel P. , Brierley Marsha L. , Hewson David J. , Chater Angel M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: The workplace is a prominent domain for excessive sitting. The consequences of increased sitting time include adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease and poor mental wellbeing. There is evidence that breaking up sitting could improve health, however, any such intervention in the workplace would need to be informed by a theoretical evidence-based framework. The aim of this study was to use the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to develop a tailored intervention to break up and reduce workplace sitting in desk-based workers.
Methods: The BCW guide was followed for this qualitative, pre-intervention development study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 office workers (26-59 years, mean age 40.9 [SD=10.8] years; 68% female) who were purposively recruited from local council offices and a university in the East of England region. The interview questions were developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Transcripts were deductively analysed using the COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) model of behaviour. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy Version 1 (BCTv1) was thereafter used to identify possible strategies that could be used to facilitate change in sitting behaviour of office workers in a future intervention.
Results: Qualitative analysis using COM-B identified that participants felt that they had the physical Capability to break up their sitting time, however, some lacked the psychological Capability in relation to the knowledge of both guidelines for sitting time and the consequences of excess sitting. Social and physical Opportunity was identified as important, such as a supportive organisational culture (social) and the need for environmental resources (physical). Reflective and automatic Motivation was highlighted as a core target for intervention. Seven intervention functions and three policy categories from the BCW were identified as relevant. Finally, 39 behaviour change techniques (BCTs) were identified as potential active components for an intervention to break up sitting time in the workplace.
Conclusions: The TDF, COM-B model and BCW can be successfully applied through a systematic process to understand the drivers of behaviour of office workers to develop a co-created intervention that can be used to break up and decrease prolonged sitting in the workplace.
Capsular Warning Syndrome: Clinical Analysis and Treatment
Authors: he lanying , Xu Ronghua , Wang Jian , Zhang Lili , Zhang Lijuan , Zhou Fangfang , Dong Weiwei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Capsular warning syndrome (CWS) was a rare clinical syndrome, which was defined as recurrent transient lacunar syndromes. The mechanism and clinical management of CWS were not clear. The purpose of this study was to discuss the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of the CWS.
Methods: This was a multicenter retrospective study that involved three medical centers, we collected clinical data from patients with CWS between January 2013 and December 2018. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the CWS. Patients with CWS were divided into two groups: rt-PA and no rt-PA groups. We analyzed the therapeutic effects and prognosis between different groups.
Results: This study included 72 patients, 27 in rt-PA group, 45 in no rt-PA group, hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most common risk factors. The mean number of episodes before an irreversible neurological impairment or the symptoms completely disappeared was 5 times(3-11). 59 (81.94%) patients had acute infarction lesions on the diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). The most common infarct location was the internal capsule (76.38%,55), followed by the thalamus and pons. The difference in therapeutic effects between rt-PA, single and double antiplatelet groups was not significant(P>0.05). A good prognosis was observed in 61 (84.72%) patients at 3-month, 23 (23/27, 85.19%) patients in rt-PA group and 38 (38/45,84.44%) patients in no rt-PA group(P>0.05). After 3 months of follow-up, 2 patients had recurrent ischemic stroke.
Conclusions: The most effective treatment of CWS remains unclear. Despite the high incidence of infarction in CWS patients, more than 80% patients had favorable functional prognosis