bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas Axis and Angiotensin Type 2 Receptors in the Central Nervous System in Cardiovascular Disease and Therapeutics: A Riddle to be Solved
Authors: Katsi Vasiliki , Maragkoudakis Spyridon , Marketou Maria , Tsioufis Costas , Parthenakis Fragkiskos , Tousoulis Dimitrios 
Published: November 2018

:
In recent years, the Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor [Ang-(1-7)/Mas] sub-branch of the
Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) in the brain, and Angiotensin Type 2 Receptors (AT2R), have attracted
scientific interest, as there is evidence that they constitute an essential pathway in cardiovascular
regulation, in health and in disease. By acting centrally, the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis - that has been termed
‘the axis of good’- can exert blood pressure-lowering effects, while also favourably altering baroreflex
sensitivity and noradrenergic neurotransmission. Thus, research has focused on the possible neuro- and
cardioprotective effects of this pathway in the setting of cardiovascular disease, ultimately aiming to
evaluate the potential for development of novel therapeutic strategies based on its modulation.

:
We summarize the available evidence from experimental studies in this context, aiming to assess current
limits of scientific knowledge relevant to this newly-described ‘player’ in haemodynamic regulation,
that may become a potential therapeutic target.
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta indica Leaves on Pharmacokineics and Pharmacodynamics of Glipizide
Authors: Chaudhari Sugandha , Zambad Shitalkumar , Ali Mohammed 
Published: November 2018

Background:Polypharmacy, that is, two (or more) drugs administered together, may cause chemical or pharmacological interactions. Such interactions may alter the effect of either agent, leading to decrease or increase effectiveness of the drugs, which may cause adverse effects. The co-intake of complementary and alternative medicines with therapeutic medicine are supposed to influence pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics of the latter.Objective:This study was conducted to determine the interaction of glipizide (GZ) with an aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica (AZI) leaves.Method:The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glipizide was evaluated in High Fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Two doses of the AZI leaf extract (250 and 500 mg/kg) were administered alone or in combination with GZ (5 mg/kg) and serum glucose during oral glucose tolerance test, AST, ALT, and ALP levels were as estimated. In vitro CYP3A activity of AZI at 50 µg and 100 µg was assessed using liver microsomes.Results:In the glucose tolerance test, AZI and GZ showed a hypoglycemic effect. However, the hypoglycemic effect was lower when AZI was administered in combination with GZ compared with GZ alone. AZI at 100 µg has shown significant potentiation of CYP3A activity. AZI (500 mg/kg) pretreatment significantly decreased AUC and increased Tmax to 8 h.Conclusion:This indicated that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GZ altered by AZI might be due to the induction of CYP3A activity. In conclusion, AZI can decrease the bioavailability of GZ, and hence, it should be cautiously used.
Proposed Simple System for Road Traffic Counting
Authors: Alkhatib Ahmad A.A. , Hnaif Adnan , Kanan Tarek 
Published: November 2018

Background & Objective:
Traffic congestion is a burning issue in most countries due to
the rapid growth of running vehicles and infrastructures with limited capacity. Congestion can be
solved with Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and traffic management. Most traffic management
measurement are aimed to improve the safety and flow of traffic, reduce traffic emissions and utilize
traffic artery capacity more effectively.

Methods:
This paper proposes a new system to collect the required data for traffic management such
as, number of vehicles, time and lane location information; using a cheap infrared sensors and timers.

Conclusion:
The proposed method can take the length of the vehicle into account of traffic statistics
by measuring the car speed.
Design, Optimization and Characterization of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers of Raloxifene Hydrochloride for Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Puro Durga , Athawale Rajani , Pandya Anjali 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:
Raloxifene Hydrochloride (RXL), a BCS class II drug, is used for the treatment
of invasive breast cancer and osteoporosis in post menopausal women. Even though the drug is
highly efficient, it shows poor bioavailability of 2% when administered orally. The aim of the study
was to develop, statistically optimize, and characterize Raloxifene Hydrochloride loaded Nanostructured
Lipid Carriers (NLC) for transdermal delivery to overcome the bioavailability issue.

Methods:
The RXL-NLC’s were developed using glyceryl behenate (Compritol® 888 ATO), glyceryl
monostearate (GMS), and capric triglyceride (Miglyol® 810) as solid and liquid lipids, and Polysorbate
80 (Tween 80) and cremophor EL were used as surfactants and co-surfactant. A response surface
methodology was applied for the optimization of NLC, using Box-Behnken experimental design.
Amount of the drug, tween 80 and polyethoxylated castor oil (cremophor EL), each at three levels,
were selected as independent variables, while particle size and polydispersity index were identified as
dependent variables. The optimized batch was characterized for Particle size (79.8 nm±3), Polydispersity
index (0.229±0.05), Zeta potential (-12.3±5) and Entrapment efficiency (79.14%±5). Surface
morphology of the NLC’s were studied using Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM) and the shift
in the endotherm of Differential scanning calorimetry confirmed the entrapment of the drug within
NLC. In vitro drug release studies were performed using dialysis bag (12000-14000 Da) method. The
optimized NLC dispersion was then incorporated into gel and characterized for gel uniformity,
spreadability, pH, viscosity and drug content.

Results:
In vivo skin penetration study was carried out by tape stripping method, which showed increase
in penetration when incorporated into nanogel as compared to plain drug gel.

Conclusion:
Based on the above result it can be concluded that transdermal delivery of NLC’s can be
a superior alternative for orally low bioavailable drugs such as RXL which undergoes rapid first pass
metabolism.
Estructura de la red de ciudades en la ciudad región Eje cafetero (Colombia)
Authors: Gaviria Ríos Mario Alberto 
Published: November 2018

Partiendo de una revisión de la literatura sobre teoría de redes y redes de ciudades, se asume las relaciones de red como el producto de la interacción espacial que se da entre las ciudades, interacciones que se manifiestan a través de distintos flujos de orden material (población, mercancías, capital) e inmaterial (información). Utilizando datos sobre movimientos diarios de pasajeros y con el apoyo del análisis de redes, se identifica la estructura de la red de ciudades de la formación espacial “Ciudad región Eje Cafetero” del centro occidente colombiano, con especial revisión de las condiciones de integración, centralidad y accesibilidad de ese sistema urbano. Estructura de la red de ciudades en la ciudad región Eje cafetero (Colombia)
Клінічний досвід використання рослинного засобу Глюцемедін у комплексному лікуванні хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу
Authors: Shebaldova K.O. , Komisarenko Yu.I. 
Published: November 2018

Актуальність. Сучасним завданням лікування пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу й дисліпопротеїнемією є аналіз ефективності поєднання стандартних цукрознижувальних засобів з фітотерапевтичними препаратами, але інформація про особливості їх використання потребує уточнення. Мета: оцінити вплив лікування фіксованою комбінацією екстракту листя джимнеми, листя банаби й гіркої дині в поєднанні з препаратами сульфонілсечовини й метформіну на динаміку клінічного стану, вуглеводний і ліпідний обміни в пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу. Матеріали та методи. У дослідженні брали участь 40 пацієнтів (з них 16 чоловіків) віком 61,7 ± 7,8 року із цукровим діабетом 2-го типу. В усіх хворих до початку лікування й через 2 місяці виконували загальний аналіз крові, визначали рівень глікованого гемоглобіну, креатиніну, сечовини, білірубіну, аланінамінотрансферази, аспартатамінотрансферази, холестерину, ліпопротеїнів високої та низької щільності, тригліцеридів, глюкози. Усі пацієнти відповідно до базової цукрознижувальної терапії були поділені на чотири групи. 1-ша група отримувала метформін (n = 6); 2-га група — метформін і гліклазид (n = 10); 3-тя група — метформін і глімепірид (n = 14). Пацієнтам дозу цукрознижувальних препаратів не змінювали під час усього дослідження, додатково був призначений Глюцемедінпо 1 капсулі тричі на день протягом 2 місяців. У 4-й (контрольній) групі (n = 10) стандартну цукрознижувальну терапію не модифікували. Результати. Включення в лікувальні заходи прийому Глюцемедінупривело до статистично значущого зниження рівня глікемії, глікованого гемоглобіну, тригліцеридів і збільшення рівня ліпопротеїнів високої щільності й не вплинуло на концентрацію загального холестерину й ліпопротеїнів низької щільності. Висновки. Отримані результати дозволяють вважати, що ефективність комбінованої терапії Глюцемедіном і пероральними цукрознижувальними засобами є наслідком взаємної потенціюючої дії цих фармакологічних агентів на досліджувані показники, що обґрунтовує доцільність її використання в лікуванні хворих на цукровий діабет 2-го типу.
Os relevos da memória
Authors: Santa Cruz Lucia 
Published: November 2018

Este artigo aborda projetos memorialísticos desenvolvidos por meios de comunicação. Iniciativas como Memória Globo, Memória O Globo, Acervo Estadão, se mostram, simultaneamente, movimentos de valorização da memória e instrumentos de produção de novas versões sobre fatos passados, envolvendo ou não os veículos jornalísticos. Além de funcionarem como resgate e preservação da história dos veículos, reforçando ou estabelecendo uma determinada identidade, são o que Pierre Nora chamou de “lugares de memória” - espaços físicos ou não onde indivíduos e grupos sociais podem ancorar sua memória, face ao fenômeno da aceleração da história que torna o presente cada vez mais volátil. Ao assumirem esta configuração, colocam em questão aspectos constituintes do jornalismo, tais como critérios de atualidade e novidade, além de fomentarem uma rediscussão dos valores de noticiabilidade.
Etat des connaissances et conservation de flore endemique dans la region d’Oran (Algerie occidentale)
Authors: Mansouri Sihem , Miara Mohamed Djamel , Hadjadj-Aoul Seghir 
Published: November 2018

ResumeCette étude est une première exploration régionale visant la recherche des plantes endémiques de la région d›Oran en vue d›une éventuelle évaluation de leur état de conservation. Les recherches se sont basées essentiellement sur les 124 relevés phytoecologiques réalisés à travers les secteurs O1 et O2 ainsi que certains sorties ciblant les stations de présence des espèces endémiques signalées pour la région d›Oran dans la littérature. Ces recherches de terrain ont conduit à l›identification de 17 taxons endémiques dont certains sont très rares comme Brassic aspinescens et Helianthemum maritimum. D’autres espèces ayant été ciblées par les recherches n’ont pas été retrouvées ce qui renforce l’hypothèse de disparition de certaines d’entre elles. En plus de cette première liste des endémiques réellement observés dans la région depuis l’indépendance du pays, les données sur leurs aspects chorologiques, écologiques et biogéographiques sont exposées et discutés. Mots clés: Endémique, flore, chorologie, conservation, inventaire, Oran, rare. AbstractThis study is a first regional exploration for plants research of the Oran region for a possible evaluation for their conditions of conservation. The research were basically based on 124 phytoecological records carried out across the sectors O1 and O2 as well as some data targeting endemic species presence stations reported for the region of Oran in the literature. This field searches led to the identification of 17 endemic taxa some of which are very rare like Brassica spinescens and Helianthemum maritimum. Other targeted species were not found, which reinforces the hypothesis of the disappearance of some of them. In addition to this first list of endemics actually observed in the region since the independence of the country, the data on their chorological, ecological and phytobiogeographical aspects are exposed and discussed. Key words: Endemics, flora, chorology, conservation, inventory, Oran, rare.
An Optimized Snowmelt Lysimeter System for Monitoring Melt Rates and Collecting Samples for Stable Water Isotope Analysis
Authors: Rücker Andrea , Zappa Massimiliano , Boss Stefan , Freyberg Jana von 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The contribution of snow meltwater to catchment streamflow can be quantified through hydrograph separation analyses for which stable water isotopes (18O, 2H) are used as environmental tracers. For this, the spatial and temporal variability of the isotopic composition of meltwater needs to be captured by the sampling method. This study compares an optimized snowmelt lysimeter system and an unheated precipitation collector with focus on their ability to capture snowmelt rates and the isotopic composition of snowmelt. The snowmelt lysimeter system consists of three individual unenclosed lysimeters at ground level with a surface of 0.14 m2 each. The unheated precipitation collector consists of a 30 cm-long, extended funnel with its orifice at 2.3 m above ground. Daily snowmelt samples were collected with both systems during two snowfall-snowmelt periods in 2016. The snowmelt lysimeter system provided more accurate measurements of natural melt rates and allowed for capturing the small-scale variability of snowmelt process at the plot scale, such as lateral meltwater flow from the surrounding snowpack. Because of the restricted volume of the extended funnel, daily melt rates from the unheated precipitation collector were up to 43% smaller compared to the snowmelt lysimeter system. Overall, both snowmelt collection methods captured the general temporal evolution of the isotopic signature in snowmelt.
An Enkf-Based Scheme for Snow Multivariable Data Assimilation at an Alpine Site
Authors: Piazzi Gaia , Campo Lorenzo , Gabellani Simone , Castelli Fabio , Cremonese Edoardo , Cella Umberto Morra di , Stevenin Hervé , Ratto Sara Maria 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The knowledge of snowpack dynamics is of critical importance to several real-time applications especially in mountain basins, such as agricultural production, water resource management, flood prevention, hydropower generation. Since simulations are affected by model biases and forcing data uncertainty, an increasing interest focuses on the assimilation of snow-related observations with the purpose of enhancing predictions on snowpack state. The study aims at investigating the effectiveness of snow multivariable data assimilation (DA) at an Alpine site. The system consists of a snow energy-balance model strengthened by a multivariable DA system. An Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) scheme allows assimilating ground-based and remotely sensed snow observations in order to improve the model simulations. This research aims to investigate and discuss: (1) the limitations and constraints in implementing a multivariate EnKF scheme in the framework of snow modelling, and (2) its performance in consistently updating the snowpack state. The performance of the multivariable DA is shown for the study case of Torgnon station (Aosta Valley, Italy) in the period June 2012 - December 2013. The results of several experiments are discussed with the aim of analyzing system sensitivity to the DA frequency, the ensemble size, and the impact of assimilating different observations.
Spatial Variability of Snow Water Equivalent – The Case Study from the Research Site in Khibiny Mountains, Russia
Authors: Komarov Anton Yu. , Seliverstov Yury G. , Grebennikov Pavel B. , Sokratov Sergey A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The aim of the investigation was assessment of spatial variability of the characteristics of snowpack, including the snow water equivalent (SWE) as the main hydrological characteristic of a seasonal snow cover. The study was performed in Khibiny Mountains (Russia), where snow density and snow cover stratigraphy were documented with the help of the SnowMicropen measurements, allowing to determine the exact position of the snow layers’ boundaries with accuracy of 0.1 cm. The study site was located at the geomorphologically and topographically uniform area with uniform vegetation cover. The measurement was conducted at maximum seasonal SWE on 27 March 2016. Twenty vertical profiles were measured along the 10 m long transect. Vertical resolution depended on the thickness of individual layers and was not less than 10 cm. The spatial variation of the measured snowpack characteristics was substantial even within such a homogeneous landscape. Bulk snow density variability was similar to the variability in snow height. The total variation of the snowpack SWE values along the transect was about 20%, which is more than the variability in snow height or snow density, and should be taken into account in analysis of the results of normally performed in operational hydrology snow course SWE estimations by snow tubes.
Application of Passive Capillary Samplers in Water Stable Isotope Investigations of Snowmelt – A Case Study From Slovenia
Authors: Vreča Polona , Brenčič Mihael , Torkar Anja 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper we describe the use of modified passive capillary samplers (PCSs) to investigate the water isotope variability of snowmelt at selected sites in Slovenia during winter 2011/2012 and during winter 2012/2013. First, PCS with 3 fibreglass wicks covering approximately 1 m2 were tested to determine sample variability. We observed high variability in the amount of snowmelt water collected by individual wick (185 to 345 g) and in the isotope composition of oxygen (δ18O −10.43‰ to −9.02‰) and hydrogen (δ2H −70.5‰ to −63.6‰) of the collected water. Following the initial tests, a more detailed investigation was performed in winter 2012/2013 and the variability of snowmelt on the local scale among the different levels (i.e. within group, between the close and more distant groups of wicks) was investigated by applying 30 fibreglass wicks making use of Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) and a balanced hierarchical sampling design. The amount of snowmelt water collected by an individual wick during the whole experiment was between 116 and 1705 g, while the isotope composition varied from −16.32‰ to −12.86‰ for δ18O and from −120.2‰ to −82.5‰ for δ2H. The main source of variance (80%) stems from the variability within the group of wicks (e.g. within group) while other sources contribute less than 20% of the variability. Amount weighted samples for the 2012-2013 season show no significant differences among groups, but significant differences for particular sampling events were observed. These investigations show that due to the variability within the group of wicks, a large number of wicks (> 5) are needed to sample snowmelt.
SCREENING SINGLE RESISTANCE OF Eleusine indica ON OIL PALM PLANTATION IN PADANG LAWAS AND TAPANULI SELATAN REGENCY INDONESIA
Authors: Tampubolon Koko , Purba Edison 
Published: November 2018

Abstract: Eleusine indica population from several estates in Padang Lawas and Tapanuli Selatan Regency, Sumatera Utara Indonesia has never been reported to be resistant to glyphosate herbicide. This study aims at distribution mapping and resistance classification of Eleusine indica glyphosate-resistant populations from several estates in Padang Lawas and Tapanuli Selatan Regency, Sumatera Utara. This research was conducted at Weed Research Center of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara from October 2016 to August 2017. This research used glyphosate at the recommended rate of 720 g ai ha-1 and three replications. Population ESU0 (from Politeknik Negeri Medan Ball Field) as a comparison. Data analysis using t-test at the level of 5% with IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. The results showed 22 populations in Padang Lawas Regency have 8 populations classified as glyphosate-resistant (36.36%), 8 populations classified as developed-resistant (36.36%), and 6 populations classified as glyphosate-susceptible (27.27%). While from 6 populations in Tapanuli Selatan Regency have 5 populations classified as glyphosate-resistant (83.33%), 1 populations classified as developed-resistant (16.67%), and 0 populations classified as glyphosate-susceptible (0%). Keywords: glyphosate, goosegrass, oil palm plantation, resistance.
Engineering New Defective Phases of UiO Family Metal-Organic Frameworks with Water
Authors: Firth Francesca , Cliffe Matthew , Vulpe Diana , Moghadam Peyman , Fairen-jimenez David , slater ben , Grey Clare P. 
Published: November 2018

As defects significantly affect the properties of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)–from changing their mechanical properties to enhancing their catalytic ability–obtaining synthetic control over defects is essential to tuning the effects on the properties of the MOF. Previous work has shown that synthesis temperature and the identity and concentration of modulating acid are critical factors in determining the nature and distribution of defects in the UiO family of MOFs. In this paper we demonstrate that the amount of water in the reaction mixture in the synthesis of UiO family MOFs is an equally important factor, as it controls the phase which forms for both UiO-67(Hf)and UiO-66(Hf) (F4BDC). We use this new understanding of the importance of water to develop a new route to the stable defect-ordered hcp UiO-66(Hf) phase, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method of defect-engineering in the rational design of MOFs. The insights provided by thisinvestigation open up the possibility of harnessing defects to produce new phases and dimensionalities of other MOFs, including nanosheets, for a variety of applications such as MOF-based membranes.
Early enteral nutrition in surgical treatment of an acute complicated pancreatitis
Authors: Andriushchenko V. P. , Andriushchenko D. V. , Kunovskyi V. V. , Lysiuk Yu. S. 
Published: November 2018

Objective. To estimate the efficacy of early enteral nutrition (EEN) in patients with an acute complicated pancreatitis, after determining of its content and improving the realization methods.
Маterials and methods. There were studied the results of EEN in 82 patients, suffering an acute complicated pancreatitis. Two groups of patients were delineated - the main (n=58), in which EEN was included into the complex of treatment in preoperative and postoperative periods, and a comparative one (n=24). For conduction of EEN the probe was put during fibrogastroscopy into jejunum (in 25 patients), while suboperative nasogastrointestinal intubation was performed (in 12), and a jejunostomy in accordance to Witzel procedure was formatted (in 21), what have appeared the most effective procedure and served for realization of the Fast track surgery principles.
Results. Nutritious food blends were applied in combination with probiotics and the metabolism correctors. Application of EEN in the patients іn an acute complicated pancreatitis have promoted more rapid restoration of a motor-evacuation function of a small bowel, normalization of levels of the blood leukocytes and proteins, weakening of microstructural changes in mucosa and «clearance» of purulent-necrotic focus.
Conclusion. EEN in the patients, suffering an acute complicated pancreatitis constitutes an effective component of surgical treatment in preoperative and postoperative periods.