bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and functional analyses of differentially expressed metabolites in early stage endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Shi Kun , Wang Qiong , Su Yao , Xuan Xingcui , Liu Yaqiong , Chen Weiwei , Qian Yuanmin , Lash Gendie E. 
Published: February 2018

Diagnosis of endometrial cancer is primarily based on symptoms and imaging, with early‐stage disease being difficult to diagnose. Therefore, development of potential diagnostic biomarkers is required. Metabolomics, a quantitative measurement of the dynamic metabolism in living systems, can be applied to determine metabolite profiles in different disease states. Here, serum metabolomics was performed in 46 early stage endometrial cancer patients and 46 healthy volunteers. In addition, the effect of identified metabolites on tumor cell behavior (invasion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy) was examined in endometrial cancer cell lines. Compared with controls, phenylalanine, indoleacrylic acid (IAA), phosphocholine and lyso‐platelet‐activating factor‐16 (lyso‐PAF) were differentially detected in patients. Functional analyses demonstrated that IAA, PAF and phenylalanine all dose‐dependently inhibited tumor cell invasion and migration, and suppressed cell proliferation. PAF also induced tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy, while phenylalanine had no effect on apoptosis or autophagy. IAA triggered apoptosis and had a biphasic effect on autophagy: inhibiting autophagy with doses <1 mmol/L but inducing at 1 mmol/L. Interestingly, the alterations in proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy caused by 1 mmol/L IAA, were all reversed by the concomitant treatment of tryptophan (100 μmol/L). Phosphocholine inhibited tumor cell invasion and migration, and promoted cell proliferation and autophagy, all in a dose‐dependent manner. Phosphocholine also protected cells from TNF‐α‐induced apoptosis. In conclusion, 4 serum metabolites were identified by serum metabolomics in endometrial cancer patients and functional analyses suggested that they may play roles in modulation of tumor cell behavior, although their exact mode of action still needs to be determined.
Hypertriglyceridaemic–waist phenotype and risk of diabetes in people with impaired fasting glucose in primary care: a cohort study
Authors: Guo V. Y.‐W. , Yu E. Y.‐T. , Wong C. K.‐H. , Sit R. W.‐S. , Wang J. H.‐L. , Lam C. L.‐K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine the prospective association between baseline triglyceridaemic–waist phenotypes and diabetic mellitus incidence in individuals with impaired fasting glucose seen in primary care.MethodsA cohort of 1101 participants (84.4% of the recruited individuals) with impaired fasting glucose were recruited from three primary care clinics during regular follow‐ups to monitor their chronic conditions. Baseline triglyceridaemic–waist phenotypes were divided into four groups: (1) normal waistline and triglyceride level (n = 252); (2) isolated central obesity (n = 518); (3) isolated high triglyceride level (n = 80); and (4) central obesity with high triglyceride level (i.e. hypertriglyceridaemic–waist phenotype) (n = 251). The presence of diabetes at follow‐up was determined by fasting plasma glucose (≥ 7.0 mmol/l) and/or 2‐h 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (≥ 11.1 mmol/l) and/or HbA1c (47.5 mmol/mol; ≥ 6.5%) according to American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regressions were established to assess the impact of different triglyceridaemic–waist phenotypes on time to diabetes onset.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up period of 6.5 months (sd 4.7 months), the number of diabetes cases was significantly higher in the group with hypertriglyceridaemic–waist phenotype (52.2%) compared with the other three phenotype groups (group 1: 28.2%; group 2: 34.6%; group 3: 30.0%). Only the hypertriglyceridaemic–waist phenotype showed an increased risk of developing diabetes (hazard ratio 1.581, 95% CI 1.172–2.134; P = 0.003) compared with the group with normal waistline and triglyceride level after controlling for confounders.ConclusionsThe combination of central obesity and hypertriglyceridaemia is associated with > 50% risk of progression to diabetes within 6 months among individuals with impaired fasting glucose seen in primary care.
Large electric‐field‐induced strain and enhanced piezoelectric constant in CuO‐modified BiFeO3‐BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Gao Weiwei , Lv Jing , Lou Xiaojie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this work, we fabricated the (1‐x)BiFeO3‐xBaTiO3+y‰ mol CuO ceramics by the modified thermal quenching technique. The pure perovskite phase was formed and a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was observed in the ceramics with x = 0.30‐0.33. The addition of CuO can significantly enhance the density of the BiFeO3‐BaTiO3 material. Importantly, an enhanced piezoelectric constant (d33=165 pC/N), a large electric‐field‐induced strain (∆S = 0.54%: peak to peak strain) and a large piezoelectric actuator constant (d33*=449 pm/V) together with a high Curie temperature (TC) of 503°C were observed in the ceramics with x = 0.30 and y = 5. As a result, the enhanced piezoelectricity and large electric‐field‐induced strain could significantly stimulate further researches in BFO‐based ceramics.
Spontaneous resolution of labial adhesions in pre‐pubertal girls
Authors: Norris Jean E , Elder Charlotte V , Dunford Angela M , Rampal Deepti , Cheung Charleen , Grover Sonia R 
Published: February 2018

AimsThis study sought to observe the rate and timing of spontaneous resolution of labial adhesions that had been diagnosed in pre‐pubertal girls. The secondary aim was to evaluate the conservative approach to management of labial adhesions that has been advocated by the Gynaecology Department, by assessing the rates of concurrent uro‐gynaecological symptoms in this population, as well as parent satisfaction with their child's management.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of all patients diagnosed with labial adhesions in the Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology between 2000 and 2017. Patients and their parents (depending on the age of the patient at the time of this study) were then invited to participate in follow‐up surveys and questionnaires and clinical examination.ResultsOf 148 girls identified, the median age of the follow‐up participants (n = 45) was 6.1 years (2.6–27.2 years), compared with that of the entire cohort of 7.4 years (1–27 years). After a median follow‐up period of 2.6 years (0.4–20.7 years), 40% (18/45) of girls reported and/or had findings that supported resolution of labial adhesions without treatment. Two parents (4%) sought treatment elsewhere after their appointment. A history of UTI was reported in 30% (14/45) of patients, and 16% (7/45) had a known history of vulvovaginitis.ConclusionsOur findings support the natural history of spontaneous resolution of labial adhesions. Concurrent uro‐gynaecological conditions that developed were successfully treated according to standard treatments. A conservative approach to the management of labial adhesions is associated with very low rates of parental concern and intervention.
Human immunodeficiency virus status disclosure and education for children and adolescents in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Orelly Thyna , Welch Henry , Machine Edwin , Pameh Wendy , Duke Trevor 
Published: February 2018

AimHow to provide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disclosure and awareness for children and young people has not been studied in Papua New Guinea or Pacific Island countries. We aimed to determine the current practices of HIV disclosure and evaluate whether an incremental disclosure education model, as recommended by World Health Organization (WHO), would increase children's knowledge about their condition and improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsWe enrolled HIV‐infected children on ART whose parents consented, and we identified whether they were aware that they were HIV positive or not. An incremental education model was used to teach the children about their illness and to disclose their HIV status if that was the parents' wishes. Knowledge of HIV and adherence to ART before and following education sessions was assessed.ResultsA total of 138 children HIV‐positive children were recruited. Only 7% had previously been made aware of their HIV test results; the mean disclosure age was 12.7 years. By 10 years of age, 25 of 34 participants (74%) had not been told they had HIV. The common reasons caregivers gave for not disclosing were that the child was too young and the potential psychosocial impacts on the child and the family. Using an education model of HIV disclosure, children's knowledge of HIV increased significantly, and ART adherence, which was good at 95%, increased to 99% an average of 9 months after education.ConclusionThere is a low rate of disclosure for HIV‐infected children in Papua New Guinea. This study underlines the importance and value of incorporating age‐appropriate HIV education within HIV services.
Perception and measurement of food texture: Solid foods
Authors: Nishinari Katsuyoshi , Fang Yapeng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is still a gap between instrumental measurement and sensory evaluation because of the complexity of food texture in spite of many efforts. In sensory evaluation, the terms describing the texture should be well understood by panelists, which poses a problem of establishing lexicons and training panelists. In the instrumental measurement, more efforts are required to understand the large deformation and fracture behavior of foods. The texture profile analysis (TPA) proposed by Alina Szczesniak, Malcolm Bourne, and Sherman has been applied to many foods, and was useful to develop the understanding of textures. But sometimes confusion of the interpretation of TPA parameters appeared. Many new techniques have been introduced to quantify TPA parameters. Recent efforts to fill the gap between sensory evaluation and instrumental measurements, human measurements, or physiological measurements have been introduced. This endeavor is an effort of synthesizing the dentistry and biomedical approach, sensory and psychological approach, and material science approach, and therefore, the collaboration among these disciplines is necessary. This manuscript mainly discusses texture studies for solid foods.Practical applicationsTo fill the gap between the sensory evaluation and the instrumental measurement of texture, it is necessary to examine the physical change of foods during the oral processing. This will give us the designing principle of palatable and safe foods.
Mechanism of agonism and antagonism of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing regulator QscR with non‐native ligands
Authors: Wysoczynski‐Horita Christina L. , Boursier Michelle E. , Hill Ryan , Hansen Kirk , Blackwell Helen E. , Churchill Mair E. A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that uses the process of quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate the expression of many virulence genes. During quorum sensing, N‐acyl‐homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules regulate the activity of three LuxR‐type transcription factors, LasR, RhlR and QscR. To better understand P. aeruginosa QS signal reception, we examined the mechanism underlying the response of QscR to synthetic agonists and antagonists using biophysical and structural approaches. The structure of QscR bound to a synthetic agonist reveals a novel mode of ligand binding supporting a general mechanism for agonist activity. In turn, antagonists of QscR with partial agonist activity were found to destabilize and greatly impair QscR dimerization and DNA binding. These results highlight the diversity of LuxR‐type receptor responses to small molecule agonists and antagonists and demonstrate the potential for chemical strategies for the selective targeting of individual QS systems.
Who is shaping the food choices of the future?
Authors: Lockyer S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA conference was held by the British Nutrition Foundation in October 2017 to explore future trends in agriculture, manufacturing and retailing, and the relationship between these trends and food choice. Topics explored by the speakers included sustainability, climate change, Brexit, the ageing population, technological advances in food production, product reformulation, consumer behaviour and public health agendas. This report summarises the conference proceedings.
Accumulated Spinal Axial Biomechanical Loading Induces Degeneration in Intervertebral Disc of Mice Lumbar Spine
Authors: Lao Yang‐jun , Xu Tao‐tao , Jin Hong‐ting , Ruan Hong‐feng , Wang Ji‐tao , Zhou Li , Wang Ping‐er , Wang Jian , Ying Jun , Zhang Yuan‐bin , Luo Cheng , Fu Fang‐da , Tong Pei‐jian , Xiao Lu‐wei , Wu Cheng‐liang 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of accumulated spinal axial biomechanical loading on mice lumbar disc and the feasibility of applying this method to establish a mice intervertebral disc degeneration model using a custom‐made hot plate cage. In previous studies, we observed that the motion pattern of mice was greatly similar to that of humans when they were standing and jumping on their lower limbs. There is little data to demonstrate whether or not accumulated spinal axial biomechanical loading could induce intervertebral disc degeneration in vivo.MethodsTwenty‐four 0‐week‐old mice were randomly divided into model 1‐month and 3‐month groups, and control 1‐month and 3‐month groups (n = 6 per group). The model groups was transferred into the custom‐made hot plate cage three times per day for modeling. The control group was kept in a regular cage. The intervertebral disc samples of the L3–L5 were harvested for histologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical studies after modeling for 1 and 3 months.ResultsAccumulated spinal axial biomechanical loading affects the histologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical changes of mice L3–L5 intervertebral discs. Decreased height of disc and endplate, fissures of annulus fibrosus, and ossification of cartilage endplate were found in morphological studies. Immunohistochemical studies of the protein level showed a similar expression of type II collagen at 1 month, but a slightly decreased expression at 3 months, and an increased expression level of type X collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13). Molecular studies showed that ColIIa1 and aggrecan mRNA expression levels were slightly increased at 1 month (P > 0.05), but then decreased slightly (P > 0.05). ColXa1, ADAMTS‐5, and MMP‐13 expression levels werer increased both at 1 and 3 months (P < 0.05). In addition, increased expression of Runx2 was observed.ConclusionAccumulated spinal axial loading provided by a custom‐made hot plate accelerated mice lumbar disc and especially endplate degeneration. However, this method requires further development to establish a lumbar disc degeneration model.
Coronary venous angioplasty to facilitate transvenous left ventricular lead placement: A single‐center 13‐year experience
Authors: Hesselson Aaron B. , Duggal Sandeep , Rukavina Michael , Gallagher Peter L. , Tomassoni Gery F. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundBarriers to successful left ventricular lead placement within the coronary venous anatomy may include focal stenoses, thromboses, phrenic nerve stimulation, vessel tortuosity, small vessel caliber, nonexcitable tissue, and valve presence. A large series describing the utilization of coronary venous angioplasty (CVAP) for relief of these issues is absent in the literature.ObjectiveWe report our experience on all patients treated with CVAP in a single‐center 13‐year experience.MethodsForty‐seven patients with CVAP (64% male, mean age 67 ± 12 years) were treated by five different implanting physicians for approved cardiac resynchronization therapy indications. The reason for CVAP was categorized by obstacle (focal occlusion, valve presence, small caliber vessel) and location. The number, type, and size of balloon used, inflation characteristics, complications, and success of lead deployment crossing the point of intervention were all tabulated.ResultsSeventy‐seven percent of patients (36/47) had successful CVAP. The most common reason for intervention was a focal occlusion (24/47; 51%), followed by valve presence (13/47; 28%), and small vessel caliber (10/47; 21%). Focal occlusions were most successfully managed with CVAP (23/24; 96%), followed by small vessel caliber (7/10; 70%) and valve presence (6/13; 46%). The reason for failure was most commonly due to failure to relieve the obstruction (5/11; 45%), thrombosis (3/11; 27.3%), dissection (2/11; 18.2%), and inability to pass the balloon through the occlusion (1/11; 9.0%). There were no significant complications developed from CVAP utilization.ConclusionIn a large analysis, CVAP can be safely and successfully performed in the majority of instances required.
A BAHD acyltransferase catalyzing 19‐O‐acetylation of tabersonine derivatives in roots of Catharanthus roseus enables combinatorial synthesis of monoterpene indole alkaloids
Authors: Carqueijeiro Inês , Dugé de Bernonville Thomas , Lanoue Arnaud , Dang Thu‐Thuy , Teijaro Christiana N , Paetz Christian , Billet Kevin , Mosquera Angela , Oudin Audrey , Besseau Sébastien , Papon Nicolas , Glévarec Gaëlle , Atehortùa Lucía , Clastre Marc , Giglioli‐Guivarc'h Nathalie , Schneider Bernd , St‐Pierre Benoit , Andrade Rodrigo B. , O'Connor Sarah E. , Courdavault Vincent 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWhile the characterization of the biosynthetic pathway of monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) in leaves of Catharanthus roseus is now reaching completion, only two enzymes from the root counterpart dedicated to tabersonine metabolism have been identified to date, namely tabersonine 19‐hydroxylase (T19H) and minovincine 19‐O‐acetyltransferase (MAT). Albeit the recombinant MAT catalyzes MIA acetylation at low efficiency in vitro, we demonstrated that MAT was inactive when expressed in yeast and in planta, suggesting an alternative function for this enzyme. Therefore, through transcriptomic analysis of periwinkle adventitious roots, several other BAHD acyltransferase candidates were identified based on the correlation of their expression profile with T19H and found to localize in small genomic clusters. Only one, named tabersonine derivative 19‐O‐acetyltransferase (TAT) was able to acetylate the 19‐hydroxytabersonine derivatives from roots, such as minovincinine and hörhammericine, following expression in yeast. Kinetic studies also showed that the recombinant TAT was specific for root MIAs and displayed an up to 200‐fold higher catalytic efficiency than MAT. In addition, gene expression analysis, protein subcellular localization and heterologous expression in Nicotiana benthamiana were in agreement with the prominent role of TAT in acetylation of root‐specific MIAs, thereby redefining the molecular determinants of the root MIA biosynthetic pathway. Finally, identification of TAT provided a convenient tool for metabolic engineering of MIAs in yeast enabling efficiently mixing different biosynthetic modules spatially separated in the whole plant. This combinatorial synthesis associating several enzymes from Catharanthus roseus resulted in the conversion of tabersonine in tailor‐made MIAs bearing both leaf and root‐type decorations.
The PHD1 oxygen sensor in health and disease
Authors: Kennel Kilian B. , Burmeister Julius , Schneider Martin , Taylor Cormac T. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) co‐ordinates the adaptive transcriptional response to hypoxia in metazoan cells. The hypoxic sensitivity of HIF is conferred by a family of oxygen‐sensing enzymes termed HIF hydroxylases. This family consists of three prolyl hydroxylases (PHD1–3) and a single asparagine hydroxylase termed factor inhibiting HIF (FIH). It has recently become clear that HIF hydroxylases are functionally non‐redundant and have discrete but overlapping physiological roles. Furthermore, altered abundance or activity of these enzymes is associated with a number of pathologies. Pharmacological HIF‐hydroxylase inhibitors have recently proven to be both tolerated and therapeutically effective in patients. In this review, we focus on the physiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of the PHD1 isoform, which has recently been implicated in diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, ischaemia and cancer.
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Role of recoverin in rod photoreceptor light adaptation
Authors: Morshedian Ala , Woodruff Michael L. , Fain Gordon L. 
Published: February 2018

Key points
Recoverin is a small molecular‐weight, calcium‐binding protein in rod outer segments that can modulate the rate of rhodopsin phosphorylation. We describe two additional and perhaps more important functions during photoreceptor light adaptation.
Recoverin influences the rate of change of adaptation. In wild‐type rods, sensitivity and response integration time adapt with similar time constants of 150–200 ms. In Rv–/– rods lacking recoverin, sensitivity declines faster and integration time is already shorter and not significantly altered.
During steady light exposure, rod circulating current slowly increases during a time course of tens of seconds, gradually extending the operating range of the rod. In Rv–/– rods, this mechanism is deleted, steady‐state currents are already larger and rods saturate at brighter intensities.
We propose that recoverin modulates spontaneous and light‐activated phophodiesterase‐6, the phototransduction effector enzyme, to increase sensitivity in dim light but improve responsiveness to change in brighter illumination.
AbstractRecoverin is a small molecular‐weight, calcium‐binding protein in rod outer segments that binds to G‐protein receptor kinase 1 and can alter the rate of rhodopsin phosphorylation. A change in phosphorylation should change the lifetime of light‐activated rhodopsin and the gain of phototransduction, but deletion of recoverin has little effect on the sensitivity of rods either in the dark or in dim‐to‐moderate background light. We describe two additional functions perhaps of greater physiological significance. (i) When the ambient intensity increases, sensitivity and integration time decrease in wild‐type (WT) rods with similar time constants of 150–200 ms. Recoverin is part of the mechanism controlling this process because, in Rv–/– rods lacking recoverin, sensitivity declines more rapidly and integration time is already shorter and not further altered. (ii) During steady light exposure, WT rod circulating current slowly increases during a time course of tens of seconds, gradually extending the operating range of the rod. In Rv–/– rods, this mechanism is also deleted, steady‐state currents are already larger and rods saturate at brighter intensities. We argue that neither (i) nor (ii) can be caused by modulation of rhodopsin phosphorylation but may instead be produced by direct modulation of phophodiesterase‐6 (PDE6), the phototransduction effector enzyme. We propose that recoverin in dark‐adapted rods keeps the integration time long and the spontaneous PDE6 rate relatively high to improve sensitivity. In background light, the integration time is decreased to facilitate detection of change and motion and the spontaneous PDE6 rate decreases to augment the rod working range.
Coexistence of Two
bla
NDM-5
Genes on an IncF Plasmid as Revealed by Nanopore Sequencing
Authors: Feng Yu , Liu Lu , McNally Alan , Zong Zhiyong 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

In a carbapenem-resistant
Escherichia coli
clinical isolate of sequence type 167, two copies of
bla
NDM-5
were found on a 144,225-bp IncF self-transmissible plasmid of the F36:A4:B
−
type. Both
bla
NDM-5
genes were located in 11,065-bp regions flanked by two copies of IS
26
. The two regions were identical in sequence but were present at different locations on the plasmid, suggesting a duplication of the same region. This study highlights the complex genetic contexts of
bla
NDM-5
.