bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations in visual sensitivity predict motion sickness in virtual reality
Authors: Fulvio Jacqueline M. , Ji Mohan , Rokers Bas 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeverity of motion sickness varies across individuals. While some experience immediate symptoms, others seem relatively immune. We explored a potential explanation for such individual variability based on cue conflict theory. According to cue conflict theory, sensory signals that lead to mutually incompatible perceptual interpretations will produce physical discomfort. A direct consequence of such theory is that individuals with greater sensitivity to visual (or vestibular) sensory cues should show greater susceptibility, because they would be more likely to detect a conflict. Using virtual reality (VR), we first assessed individual sensitivity to a number of visual cues and subsequently induced moderate levels of motion sickness using stereoscopic movies presented in the VR headset. We found that an observer’s sensitivity to motion parallax cues predicted severity of motion sickness symptoms. We also evaluated evidence for another reported source of variability in motion sickness severity in VR, namely sex, but found little support. We speculate that previously-reported sex differences might have been due to poor personalization of VR displays, which default to male settings and introduce cue conflicts for the majority of females. Our results identify a sensory sensitivity-based predictor of motion sickness, which can be used to personalize VR experiences and mitigate discomfort.
Improved sleep scoring in mice reveals human-like stages
Authors: Lacroix Marie Masako , de Lavilléon Gaetan , Lefort Julie , El Kanbi Karim , Bagur Sophie , Laventure Samuel , Dauvilliers Yves , Peyron Christelle , Benchenane Karim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRodents are the main animal model to study sleep. Yet, in spite of a large consensus on the distinction between rapid-eye-movements sleep (REM) and non-REM sleep (NREM) in both humans and rodent, there is still no equivalent in mice of the NREM subdivision classically described in humans.Here we propose a classification of sleep stages in mice, inspired by human sleep scoring. By using chronic recordings in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampus we can classify three NREM stages with a stage N1 devoid of any low oscillatory activity and N3 with a high density of delta waves. These stages displayed the same evolution observed in human during the whole sleep or within sleep cycles. Importantly, as in human, N1 in mice is the first stage observed at sleep onset and is increased after sleep fragmentation in Orexin-/- mice, a mouse model of narcolepsy.We also show that these substages are associated to massive modification of neuronal activity. Moreover, considering these stages allows to predict mPFC neurons evolution of firing rates across sleep period. Notably, neurons preferentially active within N3 decreased their activity over sleep while the opposite is seen for those preferentially active in N1 and N2.Overall this new approach shows the feasibility of NREM sleep sub-classification in rodents, and, in regard to the similarity between sleep in both species, will pave the way for further studies in sleep pathologies given the perturbation of specific sleep substages in human pathologies such as insomnia, somnambulism, night terrors, or fibromyalgia.
Development of a large-scale computer-controlled ozone inhalation exposure system for rodents
Authors: Smith Gregory J. , Walsh Leon , Higuchi Mark , Kelada Samir N. P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractComplete systems for laboratory-based inhalation toxicology studies are typically not commercially available; therefore, inhalation toxicologists utilize custom-made exposure systems. Here we report on the design, construction, testing, operation, and maintenance of a newly developed in vivo rodent ozone inhalation exposure system. Key design requirements for the system included large-capacity exposure chambers to facilitate studies with large sample sizes, automatic and precise control of chamber ozone concentrations, as well as automated data collection on airflow and environmental conditions. The exposure system contains two Hazelton H-1000 stainless steel and glass exposure chambers, each providing capacity for up to 180 mice or 96 rats. We developed an empirically tuned proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control loop that provides stable ozone concentrations throughout the exposure period (typically 3h), after a short ramp time (∼8 minutes), and across a tested concentration range of 0.2 to 2 ppm. Specific details on the combination analog and digital input/output system for environmental data acquisition, control, and safety systems are provided, and we outline the steps involved in maintenance and calibration of the system. We show that the exposure system produces consistent ozone exposures both within and across experiments, as evidenced by low coefficients of variation in chamber ozone concentration and consistent biological responses (airway inflammation) in mice, respectively. Thus, we have created a large and robust ozone exposure system, facilitating future studies on the health effects of ozone in rodents.
Influence of Preservation Methods, Sample Medium and Sampling Time on eDNA Recovery in a Neotropical River
Authors: Sales Naiara Guimarães , Wangensteen Owen Simon , Carvalho Daniel Cardoso , Mariani Stefano 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) has rapidly emerged as a promising biodiversity monitoring technique, proving to be a sensitive and cost-effective method for species detection. Despite the increasing popularity of eDNA, several questions regarding its limitations remain to be addressed. We investigated the effect of sampling medium and time, and preservation methods, on fish detection performance based on eDNA metabarcoding of neotropical freshwater samples. Water and sediment samples were collected from 11 sites along the Jequitinhonha River, Southeastern Brazil; sediment samples were stored in ethanol, while the same amounts of water per sample (3L) were stored in a cool box with ice, as well as by adding the cationic surfactant Benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Sediment and water samples yielded a similar amount of fish MOTUs (237 vs 239 in the first sampling event, and 153 vs 142 in the second sampling event). Water stored in ice provided better results than those preserved in BAC (239 and 142 vs 194 and 71 MOTUs). While documenting the effectiveness of eDNA surveys as practical tools for fish biodiversity monitoring in poorly accessible areas, we showed that keeping water samples cooled results in greater eDNA recovery and taxon detection than by adding cationic surfactants as sample preservatives. Furthermore, by comparing two sets of samples collected from the same locations at a three-week interval, we highlight the importance of conducting multiple sampling events when attempting to recover a realistic picture of fish assemblages in lotic systems.
Discovery of antimicrobial compounds from Lendenfeldia, Ircinia and Dysidea sponges using bioassay guided fractionation of marine extracts
Authors: Dinarvand Mojdeh , Proschogo Nicholas , Spain Malcolm P. , Nagalingam Gayathri , Triccas James A. , Rutledge Peter J. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTMultidrug resistant bacteria have emerged as a threat to public health all over the world. At the same time, the discovery of new bioactive small molecules with antimicrobial activity and suitable pharmacological properties has waned. Herein we report the screening of marine extracts to identify novel compounds with antimicrobial activity. Bioassay guided fractionation has enabled the discovery and identification of a family of simple amines with promising activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). To confirm the natural product structures proposed, these compounds and analogues have been prepared synthetically. Several of the synthetic analogues showed promising bioactivity against the medically important pathogens MRSA (MICs to 12.5 µM), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MICs to 0.02 µM), uropathogenic Escherichia coli (MIC 6.2 µM) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 3.1 µM). Cross-referencing antimicrobial activity and toxicity show that these synthetic compounds display a favourable therapeutic index for their target pathogens.
Fast and accurate large multiple sequence alignments using root-to-leave regressive computation
Authors: Garriga Edgar , Tommaso Paolo Di , Magis Cedrik , Erb Ionas , Laayouni Hafid , Kondrashov Fyodor , Floden Evan , Notredame Cedric 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInferences derived from large multiple alignments of biological sequences are critical to many areas of biology, including evolution, genomics, biochemistry, and structural biology. However, the complexity of the alignment problem imposes the use of approximate solutions. The most common is the progressive algorithm, which starts by aligning the most similar sequences, incorporating the remaining ones following the order imposed by a guide-tree. We developed and validated on protein sequences a regressive algorithm that works the other way around, aligning first the most dissimilar sequences. Our algorithm produces more accurate alignments than non-regressive methods, especially on datasets larger than 10,000 sequences. By design, it can run any existing alignment method in linear time thus allowing the scale-up required for extremely large genomic analyses.One Sentence SummaryInitiating alignments with the most dissimilar sequences allows slow and accurate methods to be used on large datasets
Interregional causal influences of brain metabolic activity reveal the spread of aging effects during normal aging
Authors: Di Xin , Wölfer Marie , Amend Mario , Wehrl Hans , Ionescu Tudor M. , Pichler Bernd J. , Biswal Bharat B. ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2018

AbstractDuring healthy brain aging, different brain regions show anatomical or functional declines at different rates, and some regions may show compensatory increases in functional activity. However, few studies have explored interregional influences of brain activity during the aging process. We proposed a causality analysis framework combining high dimensionality independent component analysis (ICA), Granger causality, and LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression on longitudinal brain metabolic activity data measured by Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). We analyzed FDG-PET images from healthy old subjects, who were scanned for at least five sessions with an averaged intersession interval of about one year. The longitudinal data were concatenated across subjects to form a time series, and the first order autoregressive model was used to measure interregional causality among the independent sources of metabolic activity identified using ICA. Several independent sources with reduced metabolic activity in aging, including the anterior temporal lobe and orbital frontal cortex, demonstrated causal influences over many widespread brain regions. On the other hand, the influenced regions were more distributed, and had smaller age related declines or even relatively increased metabolic activity. The current data demonstrated interregional spreads of aging on metabolic activity at the scale of a year, and have identified key brain regions in the aging process that have strong influences over other regions.
Napoleon in the Hamster Wheel: in the Labyrinth of Gendered Career Trajectories
Authors: Lipovka Anastassiya V. 
Published: December 2018

Learning outcomes
To analyze and personally relate to an individual having faced a quarter-life crisis; to define how environmental factors influence the person’s career priorities; to analyze the causes of career-family conflicts; to comprehend another gender’s position and concerns; and to originate ideas for prospective career development.

Case overview/synopsis
The case study presents a career management dilemma of a PhD candidate, senior lecturer at the Almaty Management University, Kazakhstan and a married mother of two small children. Having faced a kind of quarter-life crisis and the pressures of a traditional society with gendered career trajectories, the protagonist (33) is challenging her initial plan of an academic career that sees gradual promotion and progress and has to make a difficult decision about her professional and personal identity amidst the realities of a newly emerging and transitional economy.

Complexity academic level
Master’s level

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes, company’s organizational charts, protagonist’s curriculum vitae, PowerPoint slides with the protagonist and her classmates’ pictures.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
The barriers and enablers to career and leadership development
Authors: Mate Susan Elizabeth , McDonald Matthew , Do Truc 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to contrast how the relationship between career and leadership development and workplace culture is experienced by women in two different countries and the implications this has for human resource development initiatives.

Design/methodology/approach
The study used a qualitative narrative research design to understand how the lived experiences of Australian and Vietnamese early- to mid-career female academics is engendered.

Findings
The study identified a number of key barriers and enablers that affected women’s career and leadership development. For the Australian participants, the main barrier included the competing demands of work and life and male dominated organisational cultures that discriminate against women in covert ways. The main enabler was mentoring and the building of professional networks that provided their careers with direction and support. For the Vietnamese participants, the main barriers were overt and included male-dominated organisational and societal cultures that limit their career and leadership development opportunities. The main enabler was having a sponsor or person with power in their respective organisation who would be willing to support their career advancement and gaining recognition from colleagues and peers.

Research limitations/implications
Gaining a deeper understanding of the barriers and enablers that effect women’s career and leadership development can be used to investigate how culturally appropriate developmental relationships can create ways to overcome the barriers they experience.

Originality/value
The study analysed the contrasting experiences of barriers and enablers from two cultures. The participants narrated stories that reflected on the gender politics they experienced in their career and leadership development. The narrative comparisons provide a unique lens to analyse the complex cultural experience of gender and work with potential implications for human resource development.
The systems approach to Irish society: 136 years of unintended consequences
Authors: McCloughlin Thomas John 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to examine a range of unintended consequences in Irish society both historical and present-day, with a view of presenting the structure of society as a dynamic system with both homeostatic or autopoietic aspects.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken in this work is in the examination of the concept of institutionalisation and whether the public perception of life in Ireland can be compared between two widely separated periods, in this case, 1800s and 2000s, and then taking one example from this model and determining the validity of single case isolation: autism units in mainstream primary schools.FindingsEven initiatives in society for the “common good” appear to have unforeseen consequences which are negative. Irish society has the appearance of a homeostatic system but on closer examination is autopoietic. The term “better” is misplaced when comparing two time frames, and argument can be made to agree or disagree.Research limitations/implicationsThere are serious limitations in using historical data in the first place, but secondarily problematic when correlating with the equivalent modern data, for example, how questions are termed and answers given, how data are collected and validated are different across different time frames. Even when one finds comparable data, it is difficult to validate and selection does itself create a bias.Originality/valueThe value of this work is to evaluate the commonplace distinction policymakers make when comparing two periods in time; for the lay person, this is a means to say whether modern Irish society could be said to be “better” than that in the nineteenth century.
Guanxi and intra-organizational conflicts: evidence from Chinese logistics industry
Authors: Butt Atif Saleem 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand conflicts that develop between managers and their respective firms when a personal relationship is present between managers of buying and supplying firms in the Chinese logistics industry.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a case study methodology to allow for an assessment of the conflicts that emerge between managers and their respective firms when a personal relationship is present between them.FindingsThe findings reveal conflicts between managers and their respective firms as a result of personal relationship between managers buying and selling logistics services in China.Research limitations/implicationsThis study uses semi-structured interviews with Chinese senior managers to explore intra-organizational conflicts, which develop as a result of personal relationships embedded within buyer–supplier relationships. The generalizability of the findings will have to be empirically examined in future research.Practical implicationsChinese firms can use the findings to understand conflicts, which arise between managers and their respective firms when a personal relationship is present between managers engaged in the process of buying and selling logistics services.Originality/valueA notable gap in buyer–supplier relationship literature, specifically in Chinese business culture, is an unfulfilled need for research examining intra-organizational conflicts, when a personal relationship is present between managers of buying and supplying firms in the logistics industry. This paper addresses this gap.
Evaluation of long‐term efficacy of finasteride in Korean men with androgenetic alopecia using the basic and specific classification system
Authors: Shin Jung‐Won , Chung Euy‐Hyun , Kim Moon‐Bum , Kim Tae‐Ook , Kim Woo‐Il , Huh Chang‐Hun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFinasteride 1 mg is considered to be the standard treatment method for male androgenetic alopecia (AGA). However, there have only been a few studies investigating its long‐term efficacy. Moreover, its effect on various types of AGA remains unknown. In this study, the authors investigated the 5‐year efficacy of finasteride 1 mg in Korean men with AGA and analyzed the changes in hair growth according to the distribution of hair loss. The medical records of male AGA patients who were treated with oral finasteride for a period of at least 5 years at two university hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' photographs were evaluated using the basic and specific (BASP) classification and investigator's global assessment. Of the total 126 patients, 108 (85.7%) showed improvement after 5 years of treatment. According to the BASP classification, hair loss of the anterior hair line (basic type), vertex (V type), and frontal area (F type) was improved in 44.4%, 89.7% and 61.2% of patients, respectively. The V type showed a more rapid and steady improvement compared with the other types. Progression of alopecia after peak improvement was seen in 10.3% of cases of the V type, 16.2% of the F type and 0% of the basic type. In conclusion, finasteride 1 mg showed a sustainable effect for at least 5 years in Korean male AGA patients. The exact time points showing signs of first clinical improvement and sustainability were different depending on the type of alopecia.
The healing of dental extraction sockets in insulin‐dependent diabetic patients: a prospective controlled observational study
Authors: Power DJ , Sambrook PJ , Goss AN 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether there was a difference in delayed healing following dental extractions for insulin‐dependent diabetics as compared to non‐diabetic patients.MethodsProspective patients referred to the Adelaide Dental Hospital exodontia clinic for dental extractions were recruited into two groups: Known insulin‐dependent diabetics and healthy non‐diabetics. All had a random blood glucose level (BGL). Delayed healing cases were identified, and statistical evaluation was performed.ResultsThere were 56 insulin‐dependent diabetic patients (BGL 10.03, range 4.9–26) and 49 non‐diabetic, age‐ and sex‐matched patients. Seven patients (12.5%) in the study group showed delayed healing following extraction, while only four patients (8.2%) in the control group suffered delayed healing. This difference was not statistically significant. Two of the study group developed postextraction infections, requiring incision, drainage and antibiotics.ConclusionThe study shows that Type 1 and insulin‐dependent Type 2 diabetic patients, if well controlled, tend to heal up well following dental extractions but with a small but not statistically different rate of postextraction complications including infection. This is contrary to what is usually taught. Clinicians should take great care with management of insulin‐dependent diabetic patients, as compared to non‐insulin dependent diabetics or non‐diabetic patients.
Embryo production by intracytoplasmic injection of sperm retrieved from Meishan neonatal testicular tissue cryopreserved and grafted into nude mice
Authors: Kaneko Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Kazuhiro , Men Nguyen Thi , Noguchi Junko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTesticular xenografting, combined with cryopreservation can assist conservation of the genetic diversity of indigenous pigs by salvaging germ cells from their neonatal testes. Using Meishan male piglets as an example, we examined whether testicular tissue would acquire the ability to produce sperm after cryopreservation and grafting into nude mice (MS group). For comparison, testicular tissue from neonatal Western crossbreed male piglets was used (WC group). Sixty days after xenografting (day 0 = grafting), MS grafts had already developed seminiferous tubules containing sperm, whereas in the WC grafts, sperm first appeared on day 120. The proportion of tubules containing spermatids and sperm was higher in the MS group than in the WC group between days 90 and 120. Moreover, in vitro‐matured porcine oocytes injected with a single sperm obtained from the MS group on day 180 developed to the blastocyst stage. The blastocyst formation rate after injection of the xenogeneic sperm was 14.6%, whereas the ratio in the absence of such injection (attributable to parthenogenesis) was 6.7%. Thus, cryopreserved Meishan testicular tissue acquired spermatogenic activity in host mice 60 days earlier than Western crossbreed tissue. Such xenogeneic sperm are likely capable of generating blastocysts in vitro.