bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liver Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease is associated with poor survival among allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Modi Dipenkumar , Ye Jing Christine , Surapaneni Malini , Singh Vijendra , Chen Wei , Jang Hyejeong , Deol Abhinav , Ayash Lois , Alavi Asif , Ratanatharathorn Voravit , Uberti Joseph P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLiver Graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is common in patients with post‐transplant liver dysfunction following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). Oftentimes, the diagnosis is made clinically, and liver biopsy is deferred. Our objective was to evaluate the risk factors and clinical outcomes of liver GVHD among patients who developed post‐transplant liver dysfunction. Additionally, we evaluated the feasibility of liver biopsy in this population. We compared outcomes between liver GVHD and a “non‐liver GVHD” group, which consisted of other etiologies of post‐transplant liver dysfunction. Between January 2003 and December 2010, 249 patients developed post‐transplant liver dysfunction following AHSCT: 124 patients developed liver GVHD and 125 were in the “non‐liver GVHD” group. The incidence of acute and chronic liver GVHD at one year was 15.7% and 31.0%, respectively. The competing risk analysis revealed full intensity conditioning regimen (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.76; P = .008) and related donor (HR, 1.68; P = .004) as independent risk factors for liver GVHD. The time‐varying covariate Cox regression analysis with competing risk event, demonstrated that liver GVHD was independently associated with higher non‐relapse mortality, and adverse relapse‐free and overall survival. A total of 112 liver biopsies were performed in 100 patients. No major complications were observed. Liver biopsy confirmed prebiopsy hypotheses in 49% of cases, and led to treatment modification in 49% of patients. Our study shows that liver GVHD is associated with adverse survival. Liver biopsy is safe and often helps directing care in this setting.
The inner ear of the Paranthropus specimen DNH 22 from Drimolen, South Africa
Authors: Beaudet Amélie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesMorphological variation within the southern African hypodigm of Paranthropus has been the focus of major interest since the earliest discoveries in the “Cradle of Humankind.” Given the relevance of the bony labyrinth for investigating fossil primate paleobiodiversity, this article aims to provide additional evidence for assessing the degree of regional variation within Paranthropus through the comparative analysis of the inner ear of DNH 22.Materials and methodsAs comparative material, 18 southern African hominin specimens from Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, and Makapansgat (plus published data from Kromdraai B), attributed to Australopithecus, early Homo or Paranthropus, as well as 10 extant human and 10 extant common chimpanzee specimens are investigated. A landmark‐based geometric morphometric method is applied for quantitatively assessing labyrinthine morphology. Additionally, cochlear parameters and oval window area are measured.ResultsIn terms of semicircular canal and cochlear shape, DNH 22 most resembles the Paranthropus specimen SKW 18 from Swartkrans. Both specimens differ from the other Paranthropus specimens investigated in this study by an anteroposteriorly large posterior semicircular canal and a cochlea with loose turns in the apical portion. Conversely, the oval window area in DNH 22 closely fits the range observed in Paranthropus from Swartkrans and Kromdraai B.DiscussionThe inner ear of the DNH 22 specimen represents a unique opportunity to provide further insight into the early hominin labyrinthine variation pattern. In particular, the description of DNH 22 raises critical questions on the diversity of the vestibular system and evolutionary pattern of the auditory apparatus in Paranthropus.
Indicators of stress and their association with frailty in the precontact Southwestern United States
Authors: O'Donnell Lexi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesPhysiological disturbances in early life have been shown to increase individual mortality risk and impact health in adulthood. This study examines frailty through analysis of lesion status of two commonly collected skeletal indicators of stress (cribra orbitalia [CO] and porotic hyperostosis [PH]) and their association with mortality risk in the precontact U.S. Southwest. Several predictions are addressed: (a) individuals with active skeletal lesions are the frailest; (b) individuals with healed lesions are the least frail; (c) CO lesions, regardless of status, are associated with increased mortality risk.Materials and methodsOdds ratios and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis are used to examine the association between stress indicators and mortality in the U.S. Southwest. This study includes 335 individuals (75 females, 81 males, 20 adults of unknown sex, and 159 juveniles) from precontact New Mexico archaeological sites dating to A.D. 1,000–1,400.ResultsActive CO and PH lesions are associated with lower survivorship and greater mortality risk than healed or absent lesions. Only juvenile individuals have active CO and PH lesions, as is expected given their physiology. CO lesions in any state are associated with greater mortality risk and earlier ages of death.DiscussionIndividuals with active lesions are the frailest; while individuals with healed lesions are the least frail. CO and PH likely have different etiologies: CO lesions are associated with increased mortality risk and decreased individual longevity. These results indicate that CO's presence suggests a more severe underlying condition than PH lesions alone.
Control of β‐Branching in Kalimantacin Biosynthesis: Application of 13C NMR to Polyketide Programming
Authors: Walker Paul D. , Williams Christopher , Weir Angus N. M. , Wang Luoyi , Crosby John , Race Paul R. , Simpson Thomas J. , Willis Christine L. , Crump Matthew P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe presence of β‐branches in the structure of polyketides that possess potent biological activity underpins the widespread importance of this structural feature. Kalimantacin is a polyketide antibiotic with selective activity against staphylococci, and its biosynthesis involves the unprecedented incorporation of three different and sequential β‐branching modifications. We use purified single and multi‐domain enzyme components of the kalimantacin biosynthetic machinery to address in vitro how the pattern of β‐branching in kalimantacin is controlled. Robust discrimination of enzyme products required the development of a generalisable assay that takes advantage of 13C NMR of a single 13C label incorporated into key biosynthetic mimics combined with favourable dynamic properties of an acyl carrier protein. We report a previously unassigned modular enoyl‐CoA hydratase (mECH) domain and the assembly of enzyme constructs and cascades that are able to generate each specific β‐branch.
Eine Beispielsammlung von Ausführungsvarianten für dauerhafte Betonbauteile in Parkbauten
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Bilgin Serdar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDas neue DBV‐Heft 42 „Ausführungsvarianten für dauerhafte Bauteile in Parkbauten – Beispielsammlung“ [1] wurde im Januar 2019 vom Deutschen Beton‐ und Bautechnik‐Verein E.V. aufgrund der Vielzahl möglicher Ausführungsvarianten und ‐details zur Sicherstellung der Dauerhaftigkeit von feuchte‐ und chloridbeanspruchten Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonbauteilen in Parkbauten als Ergänzung zum DBV‐Merkblatt „Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen“ von 2018 [2] veröffentlicht. Das DBV‐Heft repräsentiert einen umfangreichen Erfahrungsschatz auf dem aktuellen Stand der Technik und soll die in der Praxis tätigen Ingenieure bei Planung, Ausschreibung und Ausführung von Parkbauten unterstützen. Mit diesem Bericht wird ein Einblick in das DBV‐Heft 42 gegeben.
Direct assessment of quality of care in an applied behavior analysis center
Authors: Grauerholz‐Fisher Emma , Vollmer Timothy R. , Peters Kerri P. , Perez Brandon C. , Berard Allison M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMomentary time sampling has been used to evaluate quality of care in several settings, including residential facilities and nursing homes. Given the growing number of behavior analysts providing center‐based applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy to children with autism spectrum disorders, ABA centers are a new area in which assessing environmental indicators that might be correlated with the quality of care could be very important. Therefore, we extended these procedures to an ABA center, where we used momentary time sampling to assess staff behavior, client behavior, client condition, and environmental condition. The results demonstrated that this descriptive assessment can be a useful tool to obtain direct measures of variables that might affect quality of care. The general utility of this assessment, intervention plans for targets identified by this assessment, limitations of the assessment, and directions for future research in this area are discussed.
Physical and optical studies of Gd2O2S:Eu3+ nanophosphors by microwave irradiation and γ‐irradiation methods
Authors: Rahim Sapizah , Ayob Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi , Hasim Muhammad Hassyakirin , Abdul Rahman Irman , Radiman Shahidan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGd2O2S:Eu3+ nanophosphors have been successfully synthesized using microwave irradiation and γ‐irradiation methods with polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a stabilizer. The physical and luminescence spectra were compared. The morphologies of both Gd2O2S:Eu3+ nanophosphors were in the hexagonal phase and mainly consisted of spherical nanostructures with diameters of ~90 nm and ~50 nm for both microwave irradiation and γ‐irradiation methods. Upon 325 nm of ultraviolet (UV) light excitation, strong red emissions (626 nm) were observed for both methods; these emissions corresponded to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions. However, Gd2O2S:Eu3+ nanophosphors following microwave treatment showed better luminescence intensity than Gd2O2S:Eu3+ nanophosphors treated with γ‐irradiation. This difference was attributed to the crystallinity phase and surface quenching effects of Gd2O2S:Eu3+ nanophosphors. The reaction mechanisms of Gd2O2S:Eu3+ nanophosphors in both methods are discussed in detail.
Interim PET/CT based on visual and semiquantitative analysis predicts survival in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Sun Xun , Li Juan , Liu Zijian , Mi Mi , Zhu Fang , Wu Gang , Lan Xiaoli , Zhang Liling 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThe role of interim 18F‐FDG PET/CT (iPET/CT) in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of iPET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL according to visual and semiquantitative interpretation methods.MethodsA total of 129 newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with baseline PET/CT data were retrospectively screened. The iPET/CT findings were evaluated by the Deauville 5‐point scale (DS) and ΔSUVmax. Furthermore, the reduction in SUVmax incorporated with tumor size (ΔSUVmax*ΔSLD) was calculated. The optimal cutoff values of ΔSUVmax and ΔSUVmax*ΔSLD were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was applied to test for the influence of prognostic values. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine the potential independent impacts of iPET/CT.ResultsSeventy‐seven patients with PET/CT images acquired both at baseline and after four cycles of chemotherapy were finally enrolled. The optimal cutoff values for ΔSUVmax and ΔSUVmax*ΔSLD were 74% and 30%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 23 months, iPET/CT findings were significant predictors of PFS and OS whenever iPET/CT was interpreted by DS, ΔSUVmax, or ΔSUVmax*ΔSLD methods. ΔSUVmax‐based methods were more accurate than those based on DS. The IPI, DS, ΔSUVmax, and ΔSUVmax*ΔSLD were predictive in univariate analyses. However, in the multivariate analysis, only IPI and ΔSUVmax remained independent predictors of PFS and OS.ConclusionsInterim PET/CT may help to identify DLBCL patients with different prognoses. ΔSUVmax analysis shows the best accuracy and the strongest predictive value among these three methods. ΔSUVmax*ΔSLD may be a promising parameter to interpret iPET/CT images, reflecting both the changes in tumor size and metabolic activity.
Polyphenols of Leaf, Litter and Soil of Pinus bungeana across China and Their Responses to Ecological Factors
Authors: Feng Xueping , Wang Yongtao , Tang Lili , Li Dengwu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe importance of phenolic compounds for responding to various environmental conditions has been widely emphasized. However, the role of interactions between polyphenols and ecological factors, especially C, N, and P stoichiometry was little studied. Here, 15 sites across five provinces of Pinus bungeana in temperate regions of China were studied. The results showed that the higher values of total phenolic contents (TPC) of leaf and litter were distributed among the north distribution area of P. bungeana, lower values were in the south, whereas soil TPC were contrary to leaf and litter TPC. The stepwise regression, path analysis and decision index of path analysis for leaf TPC and ecological factors showed that altitude had the most direct impact on leaf TPC. Moreover, the principal determinants of leaf, litter and soil TPC were soil C/P ratios, longitude, and soil N/P ratios, respectively. In addition, the leaf, litter and soil TPC of P. bungeana were limited by soil C/N ratios, mean annual temperature, and soil P, respectively. Overall, our study provided evidence that ecological factors affected strongly the leaf, litter and soil TPC of P. bungeana.
Unique presentation of occult breast cancer with uterine cervix metastasis
Authors: Cimpeanu Emanuela , Ahmed Jibran , Tricorico Gabrielle , Bardarov Svetoslav , Shulimovich Maxim , Lakhi Nisha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe are reporting a case of occult breast cancer (OBC) diagnosed via biopsy of an asymptomatic cervical mass. While non‐OBC has occasionally been reported as metastatic to the uterine cervix, OBC never has, to our knowledge. Awareness of this presentation can be beneficial for a more expedite diagnosis and treatment.
Catalytic and Mechanistic Developments of the Nickel(II) Pincer Complex‐Catalyzed Hydroarsination Reaction
Authors: Tay Wee Shan , Lu Yunpeng , Yang Xiang‐Yuan , Li Yongxin , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Leung Pak‐Hing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSynthetic challenges have significantly slowed the development of the catalytic asymmetric hydroarsination reaction despite it being a highly attractive C−As bond formation methodology. In addition, there is a poor understanding of the main reaction steps in such reactions which limit further development in the field. Herein, key intermediates of the hydroarsination reaction catalyzed by a PCP NiII‐Cl pincer complex are presented upon investigating the reaction with DFT calculations, conductivity measurements, NMR spectroscopy, and catalytic screening. The novel Ni–Cl–As interaction proposed was then contrasted against known NiII‐catalyzed hydrophosphination reactions to highlight dissimilarities between them even though P and As share a close group relationship. Lastly, the asymmetric hydroarsination of nitroolefins was further developed to furnish a library of chiral organoarsines in up to 99 % yield and 80 % ee under mild conditions (−20 °C to RT) between 5 to 210 mins.
Origins of Enantiopreference of Mycobacterium smegmatis Acyl Transferase: A Computational Analysis
Authors: Kazemi Masoud , Sheng Xiang , Himo Fahmi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAcyl transferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis (MsAcT) is a promising biocatalyst because it catalyzes an acyl transfer reaction in aqueous solution, thereby accepting many primary and secondary alcohols as substrates. MsAcT also exhibits high enantioselectivity for a selected number of secondary alcohols. To increase the applicability of this enzyme for the production of optically active compounds, a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism and the factors that affect enantioselectivity is essential. Herein, quantum chemical calculations are employed to study the reactions of two secondary alcohols, 1‐isopropyl propargyl alcohol and 2‐hydroxy propanenitrile, for which the enzyme displays opposite enantiopreference, favoring the S enantiomer in the former case and R enantiomer in the latter. A model of the active site has been designed and for both substrates various binding modes are evaluated and the intermediates and transition states along the reaction path are then located. The calculated energy profiles agree with the experimental observations, and reproduce the selectivity outcome. Through a detailed analysis of the geometries of key transition states, insights into the origins of the enantiopreference are obtained.
A systematic review on the triggers and clinical features of type 2 myocardial infarction
Authors: Wang Guangqiang , Zhao Na , Zhong Shu , Li Jianping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the correlation between triggering factors, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and prognosis of patients with type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI). The triggers and features of T2MI are linked to its diagnosis and prognosis. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. A structured search of three databases (PubMed, Embase, and Medline) was undertaken to identify peer‐reviewed articles related to the triggers and clinical features of T2MI published between January 2012 and August 2018. Seven retrospective cohort studies and seven prospective cohort studies involving 3867 patients with T2MI were included. All selected studies were rated as being of high or acceptable quality. Nine studies revealed that the leading trigger of T2MI was arrhythmia, especially tachyarrhythmia. Six studies revealed that the proportion of single‐trigger T2MIs was higher than that of multiple triggers and two studies showed that two‐trigger cases formed the majority of multiple trigger cases. All included studies found that a greater prevalence of T2MI in the older population. Thirteen studies revealed that the patients with T2MI often had a previous relevant medical history. The leading trigger of T2MI is arrhythmia, especially tachyarrhythmia, and the majority of cases arise from a single trigger. Two‐trigger is the most common form of multiple‐trigger T2MI, which often occurs in older patients with cardiovascular risk factors or comorbidities. Non‐cardiovascular causes may be the triggering factors and are strongly associated with the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of T2MI.
Quantitative Analysis of Different Cell Entry Routes of Actively Targeted Nanomedicines Using Imaging Flow Cytometry
Authors: Guo Peng , Huang Jing , Moses‐Gardner Alexander , Smith Edward R. , Moses Marsha A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA rapid, high‐throughput, and quantitative method for cell entry route characterization is still lacking in nanomedicine research. Here, we report the application of imaging flow cytometry for quantitatively analyzing cell entry routes of actively targeted nanomedicines. We first engineered ICAM1 antibody‐directed fusogenic nanoliposomes (ICAM1‐FusoNLPs) and ICAM1 antibody‐directed endocytic nanolipogels (ICAM1‐EndoNLGs) featuring highly similar surface properties but different cell entry routes: receptor‐mediated membrane fusion and receptor‐mediated endocytosis, respectively. By using imaging flow cytometry, we characterized their intracellular delivery into human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells. We found that ICAM1‐FusoNLPs mediated a 2.8‐fold increased cell uptake of fluorescent payload, FITC‐dextran, with a 2.4‐fold increased intracellular distribution area in comparison with ICAM1‐EndoNLGs. We also investigated the effects of incubation time and endocytic inhibitors on the cell entry routes of ICAM1‐FusoNLP and ICAM1‐EndoNLG. Our results indicate that receptor‐mediated membrane fusion is a faster and more efficient cell entry route than receptor‐mediated endocytosis, bringing with it a significant therapeutic benefit in a proof‐of‐principle nanomedicine‐mediated siRNA transfection experiment. Our studies suggest that cell entry route may be an important design parameter to be considered in the development of next‐generation nanomedicines. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Preclinical evaluation of a biobetter candidate: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GX‐G3 in healthy and neutropenia‐induced rats
Authors: Kim Yun Jung , Ertan‐Ahmed Senem , Capan Yilmaz , Yang Sang In 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeutropenia is a condition of an abnormally low number of neutrophils which render patients more susceptible to infections, especially to bacterial infections, as the condition may become life threatening and deadly without prompt medical attention. Various factors such as, anticancer drugs, radiotherapy, infectious diseases, congenital defects, or vitamin B12/B9 deficiency can trigger neutropenia. GX‐G3, a human hybrid (hy) Fc‐fused granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF), was developed as next‐generation G‐CSF for the treatment of cancer therapy‐induced neutropenia. In this study, with the aim of investigating this promising potential next‐generation G‐CSF, comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in healthy and neutropenia‐induced rats. It was found that t1/2 of GX‐G3 is longer than same mass injection of filgrastim and pegfilgrastim and AUEClast (area under theeffect‐time curve from time zero to the last measurable ANC level) of absolute neutrophil count showed a significant increase after GX‐G3 injection compared with filgrastim and pegfilgrastim in healthy rats. Besides, in duration of neutropenia after the same mass injection GX‐G3 showed about 3.3 days of reduction effect compared with that of filgrastim, and 1.3 days of reduction effect compared with that of pegfilgrastim in neutropenia‐induced rats. These results demonstrate that the half‐life of GX‐G3 is longer than pegfilgrastim and GX‐G3 is more effective than filgrastim and pegfilgrastim in neutropenia‐induced rats.
Vasopressin, but not oxytocin, modulates responses to infant stimuli in marmosets providing care to dependent infants
Authors: Taylor Jack H. , Carp Sarah B. , French Jeffrey A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn family‐living species, the quality and patterning of caregiving is the product of an individual's role within the family (mother, father, sibling) and parental experience, both of which interact with underlying neurobiological substrates. Among these substrates are the nonapeptides vasopressin and oxytocin, which modulate maternal, paternal, and alloparental care. We used a nonhuman primate model of the “nuclear family,” the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), to investigate relationships between caregiving experience, role within the family, and activation of either the oxytocin or vasopressin systems in shaping responsiveness to offspring. During two phases of offspring development (early infancy, juvenile), mothers, fathers, and older siblings were treated with vasopressin, oxytocin, or saline via intranasal application, and tested for responses to infant distress stimuli in a within‐subjects design. Interest in infant stimuli was highest among marmosets that were caring for infants compared to those caring for juveniles, and parentally experienced marmosets were quicker to respond to infant stimuli than first‐time caregivers. Moreover, marmosets treated with vasopressin showed enhanced responsiveness to infant stimuli compared to control stimuli only when caring for infants. Thus, in all classes of marmoset caregivers, vasopressin enhances responsiveness to infant‐associated stimuli in caregivers during periods in which infant care is most crucial.