bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttrauma psychosocial effects in children: A systematic review of measurement scales
Authors: Atazadeh Najibeh , Mahmoodi Hassan , Shaghaghi Abdolreza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProblemWorldwide, the psychopathological effects of catastrophes such as earthquake, hurricane and war are causing traumas in an enormous number of children. Identification and assessment of the impact on children of catastrophic events is essential to their healing and continued well‐being.MethodsTo identify the relevant tools Google Scholar, SID, PsycInfo, Medlib, MedLine, and PubMed databases were searched using the relevant Mesh terms and their equivalents including (“anxiety” or “fear” or “depression” or “psychosocial distress” or “prolonged grief” or “trauma general effect”) AND (“tool and measures”) OR (“cognition” and “parents”) AND “scale and measures”) from inception to March 2019.FindingsSixty‐four measures were identified to be applied for measuring traumas’ psychosocial effects on children. Anxiety and depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), sexual abuse, trauma general effect and stress were among the important emanated tools to the assessment of posttrauma psychosocial predicaments in children.ConclusionFew measures are identified to measure post trauma fear, prolonged grief and psychosocial distress in young children. However; a suitable scale for assessment of parents’ cognition about general effects of traumas and parents’ cognition about effects of trauma on children is less emphasized in current literature.
Misdiagnosis of ARVC leading to inappropriate ICD implant and subsequent ICD removal – lessons learned
Authors: Sharma Apurva , Assis Fabrizio , James Cynthia A. , Murray Brittney , Tichnell Crystal , Tandri Harikrishna , Calkins Hugh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionArrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is an inherited progressive cardiomyopathy characterized by frequent life‐threatening arrhythmias. The diagnosis of ARVC is challenging and is on the basis of a set of major and minor criteria as described by the modified Task Force Criteria (TFC). We report our clinical experience in a series of patients who were misdiagnosed with ARVC and subsequently underwent removal of their implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) after a re‐evaluation at our center.Methods and resultsWe studied 12 patients who were misdiagnosed with ARVC and had ICD implantation before our assessment. All patients had a repeat evaluation and were scored according to TFC before ICD removal. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) studies performed at outside institutions during the initial evaluation were reported abnormal and classified as meeting major TFC in ninety percent of patients. The most common abnormality reported was fatty infiltration of the right ventricular (RV) free wall and/or presence of focal intra‐myocardial fat in six patients (50%). On re‐evaluation, none of these findings fulfilled the TFC for the diagnosis.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that high dependence on misinterpretation of CMR along with a misunderstanding of the TFC evaluation are the main reasons for the misdiagnosis of ARVC. Despite the updated criteria for almost a decade, this study reminds that the diagnosis of ARVC is complex and hence careful TFC evaluation and consideration of multiple cardiac test results should be the focused approach for clinicians when confronted with suspected ARVC patients.
Maintenance of long‐term blood pressure control and vascular health by low‐dose amiloride‐based therapy in hyperaldosteronism
Authors: Izzo Joseph L. , Hong Michael , Hussain Tanveer , Osmond Peter J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhether aldosterone itself contributes directly to macro‐ or microcirculatory disease in man or to adverse cardiovascular outcomes is not fully known. We report our long‐term single‐practice experience in an unusual group of five patients with chronic hyperaldosteronism (HA, including three with glucocorticoid‐remediable aldosteronism, GRA) treated with low‐dose amiloride (a specific epithelial sodium channel [ENaC] blocker) 5‐10 (mean 7) mg daily for 14‐28 (mean 20) years. Except for one GRA diagnosed in infancy, all had severe resistant hypertension. In each case, BP was normalized within 1‐4 weeks after starting amiloride and office BP’s remained well controlled throughout the next two decades. 24‐hour ambulatory BP monitoring with pulse wave analysis (cardiac output, vascular resistance, augmentation index, reflection magnitude), regional pulse wave velocities, pulse stiffening ratio, ankle‐brachial index, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and spot urinary albumin:creatinine ratio were measured after a mean of 18 years; all of these indicators were essentially normal. Over two additional years of observation (100 patient‐years total), no cardiovascular or renal event occurred. We conclude that long‐term ENaC blockade with amiloride can normalize BP and protect macro‐ and microvascular function in patients with HA. This suggests that either (a) putative vasculopathic effects of aldosterone are mediated via ENaC or (b) aldosterone may not play a direct role in age‐dependent vasculopathic changes in humans independent of blood pressure. These findings, coupled with our literature review in both animal and human results, underscore the need for additional studies.
Innervation of internal female genital organs in the pig during prenatal development
Authors: Franke‐Radowiecka Amelia , Prozorowska Ewelina , Zalecki Michal , Jackowiak Hanna , Kaleczyc Jerzy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the innervation of internal genital organs in 5‐, 7‐ and 10‐week‐old female pig foetuses using single and double‐labelling immunofluorescence methods. The structure and topography of the organs was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The investigations revealed differences in the innervation between the three developmental periods. Immunostaining for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP; general neural marker) disclosed solitary nerve fibres in the external part of the gonadal ridge and just outside of the mesenchyme surrounding mesonephric ducts in 5‐week‐old foetuses. Double‐labelling immunohistochemistry revealed that nerve fibres associated with the ridge expressed dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DβH; adrenergic marker) or vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT; cholinergic marker). In 7‐week‐old foetuses, the PGP‐positive nerve terminals were absent from the gonad but some of them ran outside and along, and sometimes penetrated into the mesenchyme surrounding the tubal and uterine segments of the paramesonephric ducts and uterovaginal canal. Few axons penetrated into the mesenchyme. DβH‐positive fibres were found in single nerve strands or bundles distributed at the edge of the mesenchyme. VAChT‐positive nerve terminals formed delicate bundles located at the edge of the mesenchyme, and the single nerves penetrated into the mesenchyme. DβH was also expressed by neurons which formed cell clusters comprising also DβH‐ or VAChT‐positive nerve fibres. In 10‐week‐old foetuses, PGP‐positive nerve fibres were still absent from the ovary but some were distributed in the mesenchyme associated with the uterovaginal canal and uterine and a tubal segment of the paramesonephric ducts, respectively. DβH‐ or VAChT‐positive nerve fibres were distributed at the periphery of the mesenchyme associated with the uterovaginal canal. Some DβH‐ and many VAChT‐positive nerve fibres were evenly distributed throughout the mesenchyme. The clusters of nerve cells comprised DβH‐positive perikarya and DβH‐ or VAChT‐positive nerve fibres. The investigations revealed no DβH/VAChT‐positive nerve fibres or neurons as well as no nerve structures stained for calcitonin gene‐related peptide and/or substance P (sensory markers) associated with the genital organs in the studied prenatal periods.
Interaction between low‐level laser therapy and Guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract induces antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic effects and promotes proliferation in dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Maldaner Daíse Raquel , Pellenz Neida Luiza , Barbisan Fernanda , Azzolin Verônica Farina , Mastella Moisés Henrique , Teixeira Cibele Ferreira , Duarte Thiago , Maia‐Ribeiro Ednea A. , da Cruz Ivana Beatrice Mânica , Duarte Marta Maria Medeiros Frescura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundLow‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has several clinical applications; however, its benefits are not universal. Therefore, combination therapy with LLLT and extracts from the guarana (Paullinia cupana) plant may improve its effectiveness as guarana extracts exhibit anti‐aging properties.ObjectivesTo evaluate the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐apoptotic, and proliferative effects of combined LLLT and guarana extract therapy on human dermal fibroblasts.MethodsHuman dermal fibroblasts (HFF‐1) were cultured and initially exposed to several concentrations (1, 3, 5, 10, 30 µg/mL) of guarana extract. The experimental concentration of guarana extract was selected by analyzing cytokine levels, DNA oxidation, and apoptotic markers in LLLT‐exposed (4 J/cm2) and LLLT‐unexposed fibroblast cultures. After 72 hours, the cells were analyzed using spectrophotometric, fluorimetric, immunological, and gene expression (qRT‐PCR) assays. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the effect of each treatment on cell cycle.ResultsFibroblasts treated with guarana (5 µg/mL) exhibited anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic properties been used in complementary protocols. Combined guarana and LLLT treatment significantly decreased protein carbonylation, lipoperoxidation, and DNA oxidation, downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of pro‐inflammatory molecules, and upregulated IL‐10 gene and protein expression. Guarana plus LLLT also decreased the levels of caspases 1, 3, and 8, increased the percentage of S‐phase cells, and decreased FGF‐1 and KGF‐1 levels. Some of these changes were also observed after treatment with guarana or LLLT alone.ConclusionsOur results suggest that concomitant treatment with guarana and LLLT may promote fibroblast biostimulation and thus is clinically relevant.
Investigating the effect of a symposium on sexual health care in prostate cancer among Dutch healthcare professionals
Authors: Grondhuis Palacios Lorena A. , Hendriks Nora , den Ouden Marjolein E. M. , Reisman Yacov , Beck Jack J. H. , den Oudsten Brenda L. , van Ek Gaby F. , Putter Hein , Pelger Rob C. M. , Elzevier Henk W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate whether a symposium aimed at healthcare professionals in the uro‐oncological field changes knowledge, competence and general practice regarding sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment.BackgroundSexual dysfunction is not frequently discussed by healthcare professionals; lack of knowledge and training are two of the most often reported barriers. Provision of additional training could improve knowledge, competence and general practice of healthcare professionals.DesignTwo questionnaires were used in this pre–post study to determine knowledge, competence and general practice at the time of the symposium and six months afterwards.MethodsIn order to perform repeated measures to analyse alterations among participating healthcare professionals (n = 55), the McNemar's test was used. A STROBE checklist was completed.ResultsSeventy‐three per cent (n = 40) stated that not enough attention was paid to prostate cancer‐related sexual dysfunction during their education. Nurses felt significantly less competent in discussing sexual function, advising on sexual dysfunction and actively inquiring sexual complaints compared to other healthcare professionals. After the symposium, sexual dysfunction was significantly more often discussed. No significant effects were found on knowledge on sexual dysfunction, knowledge on treatment of sexual dysfunction, competence in discussing sexual function, advising on sexual dysfunction, actively inquiring sexual complaints and rate of referral. Tools needed to address sexual dysfunction concerned written information materials (75.5%) and a website containing adequate information (56.6%).ConclusionsThe symposium had no significant influence on knowledge, competence and rate of referral in men with sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment. However, sexual dysfunction was more frequently discussed after the symposium, so increase of awareness of consequences of prostate cancer treatment was achieved.Relevance to clinical practiceConsequences of prostate cancer treatment to sexual function should be taken in consideration in daily practice; written information materials and a website containing adequate information were indicated as valuable resources to address sexual dysfunction in routine consultations.
Substitution of corn silage with shredded beet pulp affects sorting behaviour and chewing activity of dairy cows
Authors: Naderi Nima , Ghorbani Gholam R. , Sadeghi‐Sefidmazgi Ali , Kargar Shahryar , Hosseini Ghaffari Morteza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effects of substituting increasing concentrations of shredded beet pulp (SBP) for corn silage (CS) on nutrient intake, sorting index, intakes of particle size and nutrients, meal and rumination patterns, and chewing activity of dairy cows. Four multiparous (126 ± 13 day in milk) and 4 primiparous (121 ± 11 day in milk) Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment with 4 periods of 21 days. Dietary treatments were (DM basis): 16% of dietary DM as CS without SBP (0SBP); 8% CS and 8% SBP (8SBP); 4% CS and 12% SBP (12SBP); and 0% CS and 16% SBP (16SBP). We observed a reduction in the extent of sorting against long particles and medium particles but for fine particles with increasing SBP levels in the diets. The number of eating bouts per day was lesser (8.2%) in cows fed SBP diets compared with 0SBP cows and corresponded with a reduction in eating time per d across treatments. The number of ruminating bouts per day was similar across diets (16.8 bouts/day), but substituting SBP for CS in the diets tended to decrease linearly ruminating bout length (5 min/bout) and tended to increase ruminating bout interval (8 min/day). Eating, ruminating and total chewing time when expressed as minutes per kilogram of forage NDF intake and peNDF > 8 intake increased when SBP was substituted for CS in the diets. Primiparous cows had greater ruminating time (57 m/day) and total chewing time (73 min/day), eating rate (0.01 kg of DM/min) compared with multiparous cows. Also, increasing forage NDF and peNDF>8, >8‐mm DM intakes are effective means of stimulating ruminating and chewing activities. This study showed that SBP could partially replace CS and not affect DM intake, but chewing activity may decrease slightly.
Enhanced junctional epithelial permeability in TRPV4‐deficient mice
Authors: Kitsuki Tomoko , Yoshimoto Reiko U. , Aijima Reona , Hatakeyama Junko , Cao Ai‐Lin , Zhang Jing‐Qi , Ohsaki Yasuyoshi , Mori Yoshihide , Kido Mizuho A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAs the interface between the oral cavity and the teeth, the junctional epithelial barrier is critical for gingival defense. The junctional epithelium is subject to mechanical stresses from biting force or external insults such as bacterial attacks, but little is known about the effects of mechanical stimuli on epithelial functions. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) functions as a mechanosensitive nonselective cation channel. In the present study, based on marked expression of TRPV4 in the mouse junctional epithelium, we aimed to clarify the putative links between TRPV4 and junctional complexes in the junctional epithelium.Methods and ResultsHistological observations revealed that the junctional epithelium in TRPV4‐deficient (TRPV4−/−) mice had wider intercellular spaces than that in wild‐type (TRPV4+/+) mice. Exogenous tracer penetration in the junctional epithelium was greater in TRPV4−/− mice than in TRPV4+/+ mice, and immunoreactivity for adherens junction proteins was suppressed in TRPV4−/− mice compared with TRPV4+/+ mice. Analysis of a mouse periodontitis model showed greater bone volume loss in TRPV4−/− mice compared with TRPV4+/+ mice, indicating that an epithelial barrier deficiency in TRPV4−/− mice may be associated with periodontal complications.ConclusionThe present findings identify a crucial role for TRPV4 in the formation of adherens junctions in the junctional epithelium, which could regulate its permeability. TRPV4 may be a candidate pharmacological target to combat periodontal diseases.
Feeding of adult Ornithodoros tartakovskyi ticks using a modified artificial membrane feeding system
Authors: Lewis C. E. , Bartholomay L. C. , Blanchong J. A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDevelopment and maintenance of laboratory tick colonies provides reliable access to a variety of tick species at multiple life stages. Advances in techniques for the membrane feeding of ticks reduce the number of laboratory animals needed for colony maintenance. In the present study, modifications to the existing protocol for in vitro feeding of the argasid species Ornithodoros tartakovskyi were made. Adult O. tartakovskyi ticks of both sexes were allowed to feed to engorgement using a novel membrane feeding apparatus in a six‐well plate format with well‐inserts of laboratory‐grade, wax sealing film. Of the 193 ticks placed on the membrane, 89% (n = 172) fed until engorgement and subsequently detached. The modified feeding method described will aid in future laboratory tick‐based research because it allows for increased containment, ease of sorting, successful in vitro feeding, easy replacement of blood meals and a reduction in the total volume of blood meal required.
Reliability and validity of the Children's Depression Inventory–Japanese version
Authors: Ozono Shuichi , Nagamitsu Shinichiro , Matsuishi Toyojiro , Yamashita Yushiro , Ogata Akiko , Suzuki Shinichi , Mashida Naoki , Koseki Shunsuke , Sato Hiroshi , Ishikawa Shinichi , Togasaki Yasuko , Sato Yoko , Sato Shoji , Sasaki Kazuyoshi , Shimada Hironori , Yamawaki Shigeto 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDepression has major negative consequences for individuals and society, and psychological assessment tools for early disease detection are needed. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of an updated Japanese version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI‐J) and set a cut‐off score for the detection of depression.MethodsThe participants consisted of 465 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years. The control (CON) groups consisted of students recruited from elementary and junior‐high school (CONEJ) and children recruited from among hospital staff members (CONRE), while the outpatient clinical (OPC) groups consisted of pediatric psychosomatic outpatients (OPCPD) and adolescent psychiatric outpatients (OPCPS). The CON and OPC CDI‐J scores underwent factor analysis using varimax rotation, followed by measurement invariance analysis. The Youth Self‐Report (YSR) was administered to assess concurrent validity. The Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview was administered to the OPC group to diagnose current depressive symptoms. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was conducted to evaluate case‐finding performance and to set cut‐off points for the detection of depression.ResultsThe CDI‐J was reliable in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.86; mean inter‐item correlation, 0.16). Re‐test reliability was substantial (mean interval 18 days: γ = 0.59, P < 0.05). The four‐factor solution exhibited adequate internal consistency (range, 0.52–0.73) and correspondence (Pearson correlation of 0.65 with the YSR) for both the CON and OPC groups. On ROC analysis the optimal cut‐off score was 23/24.ConclusionThe CDI‐J can be used as a reliable and well‐validated instrument alongside standard diagnostic procedures.
The association of stillbirth with placental abnormalities in growth‐restricted and normally grown fetuses
Authors: Freedman Alexa A. , Silver Robert M. , Gibbins Karen J. , Hogue Carol J. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Dudley Donald J. , Pinar Halit , Drews‐Botsch Carolyn 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundStillbirth, defined as foetal death ≥20 weeks’ gestation, is associated with poor foetal growth and is often attributed to placental abnormalities, which are also associated with poor foetal growth. Evaluating inter‐relationships between placental abnormalities, poor foetal growth, and stillbirth may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for some causes of stillbirth.ObjectiveOur primary objective was to determine whether poor foetal growth, operationalised as small for gestational age (SGA), mediates the relationship between placental abnormalities and stillbirth.MethodsWe used data from the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network study, a population‐based case‐control study conducted from 2006‐2008. Our analysis included 266 stillbirths and 1135 livebirths. We evaluated associations of stillbirth with five types of placental characteristics (developmental disorders, maternal and foetal inflammatory responses, and maternal and foetal circulatory disorders) and examined mediation of these relationships by SGA. We also assessed exposure‐mediator interaction. Models were adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, parity, and smoking status.ResultsAll five placental abnormalities were more prevalent in cases than controls. After adjustment for potential confounders, maternal inflammatory response (odds ratio [OR] 2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77, 3.75), maternal circulatory disorders OR 4.14, 95% CI 2.93, 5.84, and foetal circulatory disorders OR 4.58, 95% CI 3.11, 6.74 were strongly associated with stillbirth, and the relationships did not appear to be mediated by SGA status. Associations for developmental disorders and foetal inflammatory response diverged for SGA and non‐SGA births, and strong associations were only observed when SGA was not present.ConclusionsFoetal growth did not mediate the relationships between placental abnormalities and stillbirth. The relationships of stillbirth with maternal and foetal circulatory disorders and maternal inflammatory response appear to be independent of poor foetal growth, while developmental disorders and foetal inflammatory response likely interact with foetal growth to affect stillbirth risk.
You Can't Fix What You Don't Measure: How ALICE Can Help Rebuild the Middle Class
Authors: Hoopes Stephanie , Treglia Dan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeventy percent of Americans identify as middle class, but one in three middle‐income households do not earn enough to support their family at the most basic level, and four in five do not earn enough to afford a sustainable budget. This incongruity explains the increasing frustration of many workers. Yet official government measures do not capture this reality, and as a result, policy makers continue to create economic policies that perpetuate the structural mismatch between wages and costs. This Viewpoint essay addresses these shortcomings. After reviewing alternatives to the federal poverty level, it argues that the most realistic and accurate floor to the middle class is the ALICE (Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed) Household Survival Budget. The essay then turns to policies that help realign wages and cost of living and presents initiatives that are being implemented in states across the country. Four policy areas would enable more workers to support their families and fulfill the promise of being middle class in America: meaningful work with stable and sufficient wages, upskilling and digital retooling, fiscal cushion for periods of financial instability, and affordable credit.