bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human natural killer cells can inhibit clonogenic growth of fresh leukemic cells
Authors: Beran M , Hansson M , Kiessling R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of allogenic human natural killer (NK) cells on fresh leukemic cells from three patients was investigated. The low levels of leukemic target cell lysis in the conventional 51Cr-release assay contrasted with a pronounced inhibitory effect on the colony growth of the clonogeneic leukemic target cells (L-CFC). The ability of allogeneic lymphocytes to inhibit L-CFC increased if they were pretreated with interferon (IFN), which also increased their NK activity, monitored in parallel cytotoxicity assay, against K562. Furthermore, cell separation procedures, based on differences in density among nonadherent lymphocytes, revealed that only NK cell containing fractions were inhibitory. We have also compared the susceptibility to NK-mediated L-CFC inhibition of IFN pretreated leukemic target cells with that of nontreated target cells. As in the case of NK lysis in general, this pretreatment of target cells abolished the presumably NK-mediated L-CFC inhibition. In conclusion, these data provide the first indication that NK cells can inhibit the in vitro growth of fresh clonogenic leukemia cells from patients with nonlymphocytic leukemia. The identity of NK cells as effector is strongly suggested by Percoll separation and responsiveness to interferon; the final proof awaits more sophisticated purification of these cells.
Selective toxicity of deoxyguanosine and arabinosyl guanine for T- leukemic cells
Authors: Cohen A , Lee JW , Gelfand EW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Deoxyguanosine is selectively cytotoxic to leukemic cells from patients with T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), whereas all other leukemic cell types were significantly less sensitive. Arabinosylguanine, a deoxyguanosine analog resistant to cleavage by purine nucleoside phosphorylase, is a more potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis in T- leukemic cells than deoxyguanosine and retains a selective cytotoxic activity for T-leukemic cells. Deoxyguanosine and arabinosylguanine are phosphorylated to deoxyGTP and arabinosylGTP, respectively, by T cells but not by other cell types. The phosphorylation and the cytotoxicity of arabinosylguanine are prevented by deoxycytidine. The selectivity of arabinosylguanine for malignant T cells, the exquisite sensitivity of these cells to the drug, and the failure of PNP to cleave the nucleoside indicate its potential in the treatment of T-ALL.
Murine eosinophils labeled with indium-111 oxine: localization to delayed hypersensitivity reactions against a schistosomal antigen and to lymphokine in vivo
Authors: Rand TH , Clanton JA , Runge V , English D , Colley DG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We have evaluated a method for quantitation of eosinophil migration to stimuli in vivo. Upon transfusion into normal syngeneic mice, 111In- labeled eosinophils had an intravascular half-life of 9.5 hr and distributed predominantly into spleen, bone marrow, and liver. In either Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice or recipients of lymphoid cells from infected mice, intradermal (ear pinna) injection of the schistosomal egg antigenic preparation (SEA) elicited time-dependent accumulation of 111In-labeled eosinophils detectable by either gamma scintillation counting of tissue samples or by nuclear medicine external imaging. Intradermal administration of a lymphokine fraction (containing eosinophil stimulation promoter activity) similarly caused accumulation of 111In-labeled eosinophils. Both reactions depended on the concentration of stimulus (SEA or lymphokine). 111In-labeled neutrophils or macrophages or 125I-albumin did not preferentially accumulate at the reactions examined to the extent found with 111In- labeled eosinophils, indicating that localization of label depends on an active process and is due to eosinophils rather than a contaminating cell type. The method was used to estimate how long eosinotactic lymphokine remained at dermal sites: 60% of initial activity was present 12 hr after injection. The model is discussed with regard to the role of lymphokines in hypersensitivity reactions with eosinophil involvement, such as the granulomatous response to S. mansoni eggs.
Spontaneous hematologic recovery from bone marrow aplasia after accidental tenfold overdosage with radiophosphorus
Authors: Gmur J , Bischof B , Coninx S , Bucher U , Poretti G , Henrichs K , Kaul A , Roedler HD , Buttner K , Frick PG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two patients with polycythemia vera received intravenously an accidental tenfold overdosage of radiophosphorus therapy (60 and 50 mCi 32P, respectively). In both patients, the occurrence of hemorrhagic complications 3 wk after the 32P medication led to detection of the error and referral to our hospital. Upon admission they showed an agranulocytosis, severe thrombocytopenia, and bone marrow aplasia. In both cases, spontaneous recovery of the hematopoiesis was observed from day 40 posttreatment onward. In one patient, a slow but ultimately complete normalization of blood counts and marrow morphology took place, whereas in the other, a mild thrombocytopenia persists. Nearly 5 yr after the accidental overdosage, both patients are clinically well. Symptoms of polycythemia vera have not reappeared up to now. Attempts were made to evaluate the radiation dose absorbed by the bone marrow. In the first patient, the daily 32P excretion was determined from day 22 to day 60, whereas in the other patient a whole body count was performed on day 78 after administration. From these results, an approximate cumulative bone marrow dose of 10 Sv (1000 rem) could be calculated.
A monoclonal antibody cross-reactive with human platelets, megakaryocytes, and common acute lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Deng CT , Terasaki PI , Iwaki Y , Hofman FM , Koeffler P , Cahan L , El Awar N , Billing R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A cytotoxic monoclonal antibody, CALL1, produced against a human schwannoma tumor was found to react with human platelets, common acute lymphocytic cells (cALL), and lymphoblasts from lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The hybridoma was repeatedly cloned, and the antibody was considered reactive to a single antigen by absorption tests demonstrating that platelets remove cALL activity and cALL cells absorb platelet activity from the antibody. In addition, chromatofocusing showed that the antibody against platelets and cALL had the same isoelectric point. The CALL1 antibody bound to megakaryocytes but inhibited neither myeloid (CFU-C) nor erythroid (BFU- E) colony formation from bone marrow stem cells. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-gel electrophoresis indicated that CALL1 reacts with a polypeptide of 26,000 daltons.
Lithium is an ineffective therapy for human cyclic hematopoiesis
Authors: Hammond WP , Berman B , Wright DG , Dale DC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cyclic hematopoiesis is a rare disease in man in which severe neutropenia recurs at 21-day intervals with associated illness. Because lithium carbonate therapy has been shown to eliminate cyclic hematopoiesis in grey collie dogs, we examined the effects of lithium treatment on five patients with this disease. With lithium levels maintained between 0.5 and 1.0 meq/liter, these patients showed no change in the fluctuations of their neutrophil counts. We conclude that lithium carbonate is not a simple cure for human cyclic hematopoiesis.
Cutaneous lymphoblastic lymphoma with pre-B markers
Authors: Link MP , Roper M , Dorfman RF , Crist WM , Cooper MD , Levy R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two children with cutaneous convoluted lymphoblastic lymphoma are reported. Malignant cells from both patients contained cytoplasmic Mu heavy chains characteristic of pre-B-cells and expressed CALLA and la antigens as well. Most cases of convoluted lymphoblastic lymphoma are T- cell-derived neoplasms. The non-T, non-B phenotype found in these two children demonstrates that histology does not necessarily predict immunophenotype. The association of the pre-B phenotype with cutaneous lymphoma has not been previously reported, but may represent a unique clinical-histopathologic-immunologic entity that occurs in young children.
Analysis of human myelogenous leukemia cells in the fluorescence- activated cell sorter using a tumor-specific antiserum
Authors: Malcolm AJ , Logan PM , Shipman RC , Kurth R , Levy JG 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The properties of a rabbit antiserum (anti-AML) raised to a purified protein from membranes of human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells is described. Bone marrow and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from either normal individuals or patients with either myeloproliferative or other disorders were analyzed in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS IV) after labeling with anti-AML, normal rabbit serum (NRS), or antiserum raised to normal human membrane antigens. Of 40 cell samples from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, 39 reacted strongly with the anti-AML antiserum. Similarly, all of 19 specimens from patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia reacted with the anti-AML. When 42 bone marrow or PBL samples from patients with a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders were examined, 2 specimens reacted with the antiserum, both from individuals with diagnoses of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). None of the 14 normal bone marrow or PBL donor specimens tested reacted with the antiserum. It was also found that essentially all samples from patients in clinical remission from AML had high numbers of cells reactive with the anti-AML. When cells from such individuals were labeled and sorted on the FACS IV, it was found that cells fluorescing strongly with the anti-AML contained cells of both myeloid and lymphoid origin. The implications of these results are discussed.
Relationship of megakaryocyte size at diagnosis to chemotherapeutic response in children with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Jackson CW , Dahl GV 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Small megakaryocytes are frequently seen in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). In this study, median megakaryocyte diameters were determined in marrow biopsy specimens of 32 children at diagnosis of ANLL and related to platelet count and chemotherapeutic response. The association between median megakaryocyte size and time-to- failure was striking. Seven of 9 patients with median megakaryocyte diameters greater than 20 microns remain in continuous complete remission for more than 3 yr, whereas 20 of 23 patients with smaller median megakaryocyte diameters failed therapy within 15 mo (p = 0.002). By Cox-regression analysis, megakaryocyte size had independent prognostic value (p less than 0.001), surpassing that of spleen size, the only other feature having significant association with time-to- failure. Megakaryocyte size at diagnosis may be useful for predicting the likelihood of prolonged complete remission in ANLL.
Mechanism of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate increase in neonatal lambs
Authors: Noble NA , Jansen CA , Nathanielsz PW , Tanaka KR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The tenfold increase in red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) concentration that occurs during the first 5 days of life in lambs is an important adaptation to extrauterine life. In lambs, DPG reduces hemoglobin oxygen affinity by the Bohr effect. Our data on 10 neonatal lambs suggest that the biochemical mechanism underlying this DPG increase involves the following: (1) a rise in plasma glucose from 40 to 100 mg/dl in the first 48 hr of life, which allows for increased glucose consumption in the highly glucose-permeable neonatal RBC; (2) a transitory rise in blood pH begins at birth, peaks at about 20 hr, and falls slightly; (3) the pH increase coincides with a threefold increase in RBC fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) concentration due, we believe, to pH activation of phosphofructokinase; (4) glycolytic intermediates after the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) step do not rise in the first 24 hr of life, possibly due to insufficient inorganic phosphate (Pi), a substrate of GAPD; (5) plasma Pi increases from about 7 mg/dl at birth to 11 mg/dl at 72 hr, activates the GAPD, and FDP levels decline; and (6) the in vitro activity of the DPG synthetic enzyme, DPG mutase, is increased 12-fold in neonatal compared to adult RBC. We conclude that the postnatal rise in DPG is explained at least in part by the sequential effects of these metabolic changes.
Therapeutic and prognostic value of initial chromosomal findings at the blastic phase of Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Sadamori N , Gomez GA , Sandberg AA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To assess parameters of therapeutic response and of survival after the onset of the blastic phase (BP) in 64 patients with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a number of clinical, hematologic, and cytogenetic data at the BP were evaluated. Among 10 parameters checked, only the chromosomal findings correlated with the therapeutic response and survival after the onset of the BP. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of the chromosome findings in the bone marrow, blood, and spleen: (1) those with only a Ph1 (PP), (2) those having two types of clones, i.e., one clone with only a Ph1 and another with additional karyotypic changes (AP), and (3) those with only abnormal clones in addition to the Ph1 (AA). The number of patients in each group was 29 in PP, 15 in AP, and 20 in AA. The results were as follows. (1) The percentage of patients with a good therapeutic response was 79% (23/29) in PP, 53% (8/15) in AP, and 30% (6/20) in AA. (2) The median survival after the onset of the BP was 171 days (5.7 mo) in PP, 146 days (4.9 mo) in AP, and 74 days (2.5 mo) in AA. Statistically, there was a significant difference between the AA and the other two groups (p less than 0.05). For further study, the AA and AP patients were divided into 4 subgroups each: those with 48 or more chromosomes, those with 47 chromosomes, those with pseudodiploidy, and those with hypodiploidy. A subgroup with 48 or more chromosomes in the AA patients had a very short survival (median, 25 days; 0.8 mo) and a poor therapeutic response (1/9, 11%). Our observations suggest that the lack of a clone with only a Ph1 (AA), particularly with more than 48 chromosomes, at the acute crisis or shortly after the onset of the BP indicates an unfavorable therapeutic response and a poor prognosis after the onset of the BP.
Macromolecules stimulating human granulocytic colony-forming cells, precursors of these cells, and primitive erythroid progenitors: some apparent nonidentities
Authors: Hoang T , Iscove NN , Odartchenko N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The relationship between molecules having granulocyte colony- stimulating activity (G-CSA), erythroid burst-promoting activity (E- BPA), and activity promoting increase in the number of granulocytic progenitors in liquid culture (delta GPA) was explored in conditioned medium from human leukocytes (HLCM) and human placenta (HPCM). As tested on human hemopoietic progenitors in culture, G-CSA eluted from Sephadex G100 as a single peak with apparent molecular weight of 25,000, separating partially from E-BPA and delta GPA, which both had an apparent molecular weight of 45,000. All three activities eluted together from hydroxyapatite at low molarity phosphate. Their charge properties were also similar and all three electrofocused in flat gel beds in the pH range near 5.4. On both hydroxyapatite and isoelectric focusing, delta GPA sometimes separated partially from the other two activities but not consistently. The gel filtration result shows that in conditioned medium of human origin, molecules having G-CSA are not the same as those having delta GPA, suggesting a dual factor requirement in the granulocytic lineage reminiscent of that in the erythroid pathway. The results suggesting that delta GPA might differ from E-BPA, on the other hand, were not consistent enough to establish their nonidentity. Single micromanipulated cells proved capable of forming erythroid or granulocytic colonies in the presence of either crude or partially purified activity. The results establish that human colony-forming cells are direct primary targets of growth factors in HLCM and HPCM.
Partial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 16 and bone marrow eosinophilia in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: a new association
Authors: Arthur DC , Bloomfield CD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recently, several specific chromosomal abnormalities have been associated with distinctive clinical and/or morphological subtypes of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). To further investigate the clinical utility of karyotype analysis in ANLL, we have examined G- banded metaphase chromosomes at diagnosis in 61 consecutive patients. Of the 60 patients who had adequate mitoses, 47 (78%) had a clonal chromosome abnormality. The sole karyotypic abnormality found in 5 patients was a del(16)(q22). The unique pretreatment characteristic of these 5 patients was marrow eosinophilia ranging from 8% to 54%. No other patient had more than 4% marrow eosinophils. Among the patients with eosinophilia, all had Auer rods, serum muramidase was elevated in the 4 tested, and 4 had hepatomegaly at presentation. Both patients who survived initial treatment remain in complete remission at 23+ and 33+ mo. The data suggest that we have identified a new cytogenetic-clinical subtype of ANLL defined by the del(16)(q22)
Exposure of fibrinogen receptors on fresh and stored platelets by ADP and epinephrine as single agents and as a pair
Authors: Di Minno G , Capitanio AM , Thiagarajan P , Martinez J , Murphy S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet concentrates stored at 22 degrees C have a marked decrease in their aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or epinephrine but a normal response to these agents when used as a pair. Since platelet stimulation involves exposure of receptors for fibrinogen, we studied fibrinogen binding to platelets from fresh and stored concentrates. Following stimulation with 10 microM ADP or 20 microM epinephrine, platelet suspensions from fresh concentrates bound 125I-fibrinogen in a reaction that reached completion within 30 min. Significantly less binding occurred in suspensions from platelet concentrates that had been stored for 5 days at 22 degrees C. When stimulated by ADP and epinephrine as a pair (2 microM each), binding of fibrinogen to platelets was complete within 10–15 min and was not significantly decreased in suspensions from stored concentrates. We also investigated the effect of storage on the glycoprotein IIb-IIa complex, thought to be a specific receptor for fibrinogen on the platelet surface. Binding of a monoclonal antibody specific for this complex (B59.2) to platelet suspensions was unaffected by 5 days of storage. Furthermore, B59.2 inhibited aggregation, secretion, and fibrinogen binding of fresh and stored platelets stimulated with the pair of agents just as it did with single agents. We conclude that storage for 5 days at 22 degrees C impairs the exposure of fibrinogen receptors on platelets in response to ADP or epinephrine when used as single agents, without affecting the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex quantitatively. The function of the receptor is normal in response to the pair of agents.
Ex vivo selective isolation of young red blood cells using the IBM-2991 cell washer
Authors: Bracey AW , Klein HG , Chambers S , Corash L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Transfusion-induced hemochromatosis is a major complication in the therapy of severe chronic anemia. Improvement of transfused cell survival with a reduction in transfusion frequency is one possible approach to this problem. Using continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC), young red blood cells (YRBC) with enhanced in vivo survival have been isolated, but the expense and donor time required with this technique prohibit its widespread use for patient support. We studied the use of the IBM 2991 cell washer (CW) to isolate YRBC ex vivo from previously collected donor blood. Age-dependent red cell separation could be achieved using this instrumentation. Autologous mean red cell half-life (RBC-T50) (n = 9) for the younger cell fractions was 43.9 +/- 7.8 days compared to 34.7 +/- 5.8 days for the older cell fractions (n = 6, p less than 0.05). Paired measurement of RBC-T50 for young and old fractions in three donors showed an average survival increase of 41% for the YRBC. Adequate quantities of YRBC with enhanced survival can be obtained with less cost and less donor stress using the CW system compared to CFC. This approach could improve the management of patients with chronic transfusion requirements and merits further examination.
Glucocorticoids and lymphocytes. III. Effects of glucocorticoid administration on lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptors
Authors: Shipman GF , Bloomfield CD , Gajl-Peczalska KJ , Munck AU , Smith KA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
To determine the effects of glucocorticoid administration on the number of measured lymphocyte glucocorticoid receptor sites and the duration of such effects, seven normal volunteers were studied. Glucocorticoid receptor levels of the lymphocytes circulating in the blood of each volunteer were determined. Glucocorticoid was then administered in a regimen of a total of four doses of dexamethasone 4 mg p.o. every 6 hr. Determinations of the number of receptors were performed at 6 hr and at various subsequent times after the end of dexamethasone administration. When compared to baseline receptor numbers, six volunteers showed a decrease in receptor number after glucocorticoid administration (median maximum decrease 2,046 sites/cell). The fall in receptor number occurred rapidly, reaching a nadir within 30 hr from the end of glucocorticoid administration. The return of receptor number to baseline was more gradual, requiring from 3 to as long as 17 days in one subject. Our results suggest that in order to accurately interpret glucocorticoid receptor numbers in human lymphoid cells, glucocorticoid should not have been administered for 3 wk prior to determinations of receptor levels.