bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on B‐Doped Carbon Nanocage as Electrocatalyst toward Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Su Yan , Yao Chenxue , Zhang Qiang , Xu Lijian , Wang Hua , Liu Jinglei , Hou Shifeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBoron‐doped carbon nanocage (BC‐2) was used as carrier to anchor palladium nanoparticles and enhanced the catalytic performance for the ethanol oxidation reaction. The BC‐2 was synthesized via thermal treatment the predesigned compound containing cobalt and boron at 900 °C with the help of hydrogen and acid washing process. Palladium nanoparticles can be loaded on the BC‐2 supports (Pd/BC‐2) for ethanol oxide reaction (EOR). The BC‐2 support has the following characteristics: (i) The hollow structure contains highly order nanoporous to offer more channel and space in catalysis process; (ii) boron‐doped carbon structures can supply abundant activity sites for stabilizing palladium nanoparticles; (iii) the unique three‐dimensional architecture can prevent the agglomeration and inactivation of metal catalysts. The Pd/BC‐2 catalyst displays higher catalytic activities 3614.11 mA mg−1 toward the peak current density compared to that of Pd/C (804.39 mA mg−1).
Patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes after surgery and/or radiotherapy for spinal metastases
Authors: Versteeg Anne L. , Sahgal Arjun , Kawahara Norio , Rhines Laurence D. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Weber Michael H. , Lazary Áron , Fehlings Michael G. , Schuster James M. , Clarke Michelle J. , Arnold Paul M. , Boriani Stefano , Bettegowda Chetan , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Fisher Charles G. ,   for the AOSpine Knowledge Forum Tumor
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPatient satisfaction is infrequently investigated despite its importance in assessing efficacy and patient comprehension. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient satisfaction with treatment outcomes after surgery and/or radiotherapy for spinal metastases and to evaluate how health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) is related to patient satisfaction.MethodsPatients with spinal metastases treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy were enrolled in a prospective, international, observational study. Demographic, histologic, treatment, and HRQOL data were collected. HRQOL was evaluated with the Numeric Rating Scale pain score, the 3‐level version of the EuroQol 5‐Dimension (EQ‐5D‐3L) instrument, and the Spine Oncology Study Group Outcomes Questionnaire (SOSGOQ2.0). Patient satisfaction was derived from the SOSGOQ2.0 at 6, 12, and 26 weeks after treatment. Patients were classified as satisfied, neutral, or dissatisfied.ResultsTwelve weeks after treatment, 183 of the surgically treated patients (84%) were satisfied, and only 11 (5%) were dissatisfied; in contrast, 101 of the patients treated with radiotherapy alone (77%) were satisfied, and only 7 (5%) were dissatisfied. Significant improvements in pain, physical function, mental health, social function, leg function, and EQ‐5D were associated with satisfaction after surgery. Satisfaction after radiotherapy was associated with significant improvements in pain, mental health, and overall SOSGOQ2.0 scores. Dissatisfaction after treatment was associated with lower baseline values for leg strength and lower social functioning scores for surgically treated patients and with lower social functioning scores and being single for patients treated with radiotherapy.ConclusionsHigh levels of satisfaction with treatment outcomes are observed after surgery and/or radiotherapy for spinal metastases. Posttreatment satisfaction is associated with significant improvements in pain and different dimensions of HRQOL.
Early life stress sensitizes individuals to the psychological correlates of mild fluctuations in inflammation
Authors: Kuhlman Kate R. , Robles Theodore F. , Haydon Marcie D. , Dooley Larissa , Boyle Chloe C. , Bower Julienne E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundEarly life stress (ELS) has been linked to health disparities across the human lifespan, particularly increased risk for depression and its recurrence. In this study we explore two plausible and competing pathways through which ELS may lead to depression via inflammation.MethodsParticipants (ages 18–22; n = 41) completed the Early Trauma Inventory as a measure of ELS. Participants then completed consecutive daily diaries of mood and other sickness behavior for the 7 days prior to and 7 days after receiving the annual influenza vaccine. Circulating concentrations of plasma interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were measured immediately before and 24 hr after vaccination.ResultsELS was not associated with the magnitude of change in IL‐6 from pre‐ to post‐vaccine, however, exposure to ELS moderated the association between change in IL‐6 from pre‐ to post‐vaccine and changes in both cognitive difficulty and depressed mood. Individuals exposed to greater ELS showed greater psychological sensitivity to increases in IL‐6.ConclusionsExposure to ELS may increase sensitivity to peripheral inflammation in the central nervous system. Future studies elaborating on the impact of ELS on the sensitivity of specific neural circuits and cells to inflammation are needed.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Hepatic Encephalopathy in a Population‐Based Cohort of Americans With Cirrhosis
Authors: Tapper Elliot B. , Henderson James B. , Parikh Neehar D. , Ioannou George N. , Lok Anna S. 
Published: September 2019

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a devastating complication of cirrhosis. Data are limited regarding the incidence of and risk factors for HE among contemporary patients in the context of the shifting epidemiology of cirrhosis. We examined a 20% random sample of U.S. Medicare enrollees with cirrhosis and Part D prescription coverage from 2008 to 2014. We modelled incident HE using demographic, clinical, and pharmacologic data. Risk factors for HE were evaluated, including demographics/socioeconomics, cirrhosis etiology, severity of liver disease, and pharmacotherapy, along with gastroenterology consultation, as time‐varying covariates. Among 166,192 Medicare enrollees with cirrhosis followed for 5.25 (interquartile range [IQR], 2.00‐7.00) years, the overall incidence of HE was 11.6 per 100 patient‐years. The cohort's median age was 65 years (IQR, 57‐72), 31% had alcohol‐related cirrhosis, and 49% had likely nonalcoholic fatty liver disease cirrhosis. The two strongest associations with HE were alcohol‐related cirrhosis (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40, 1.47, relative to nonalcoholic nonviral cirrhosis) and the presence of portal hypertension (AHR, 3.42; 95% CI, 3.34, 3.50). Adjusting for confounders, benzodiazepines (AHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.21, 1.27), gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergics (AHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.14, 1.21), opioids (AHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.21, 1.27), and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (AHR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.38, 1.45) were all associated with incident HE. Only benzodiazepines, however, were associated with the risk of hospitalization with HE (incidence‐rate ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.20, 1.26). Conclusion: Novel data regarding the risk of HE for contemporary patients with cirrhosis are provided. The incidence of HE in an older population of Americans with cirrhosis is high, particularly among those with alcohol‐related cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Several medication classes, namely PPIs, opiates, GABAergics, and benzodiazepines, represent potentially modifiable risk factors for HE.
Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00641 inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by sponging miR‐194‐5p
Authors: Mao Qixin , Lv Minhao , Li Lianfang , Sun Yadong , Liu Shanqing , Shen Yan , Liu Zhenzhen , Luo Suxia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs have an essential role in the tumorigenesis of breast cancer (BC). Nonetheless, the consequences of long intergenic noncoding RNA 00641 (LINC00641) in BC remain unidentified. This study shows that LINC00641 expression level was decreased in BC tissues. LINC00641 expression level was negatively related to tumor size, lymph‐node metastasis, as well as clinical stage. LINC00641 overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion but stimulated apoptosis in BC cells. LINC00641 overexpression also remarkably reduced BC growth and metastasis in vivo. LINC00641 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA to sponge miR‐194‐5p. miR‐194‐5p level was higher in BC tissues and cells compared with normal‐adjacent tissues and normal breast epithelial cell. miR‐194‐5p expression was negatively correlated with LINC00641 expression in BC tissues. miR‐194‐5p overexpression reversed the effects of LINC00641 on cell proliferation, cycle, apoptosis, migration, as well as invasion. In conclusion, LINC00641 inhibits BC cell proliferation, migration, as well as invasion by sponging miR‐194‐5p.
Detection and identification of canker and blight on orange trees using a hand‐held Raman spectrometer
Authors: Sanchez Lee , Pant Shankar , Irey Mike , Mandadi Kranthi , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHuanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is a devastating disease of citrus that is debilitating the U.S. citrus industry. The infected trees exhibit yellowing leaves, premature defoliation, and ultimately death of the entire plant. In addition to the devastating impact of HLB alone, infected trees become an easy target for other diseases. This further decreases the fruit yield, shortens the tree life, and complicates management practices. Raman spectroscopy is a noninvasive and nondestructive analytical technique that provides insight on the chemical structure of a specimen. In this study, we demonstrate that utilization of a hand‐held Raman spectrometer in combination with chemometric analyses enables detection and identification of the secondary disease such as blight on HLB‐infected orange trees (HLB + BL). We also showed that using this spectroscopic approach, we could detect and identify canker and distinguish this disease from healthy trees, HLB, and HLB + BL with high accuracy.
Use of the pathfinder network scaling to measure online customer reviews: A theme park study
Authors: Ren Qun , Xu Feifei , Ji Xiaowei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe use pathfinder network scaling (PENETS) approach to measure and evaluate theme park visitors' online reviews. PFNETS as an effective tool of big data analytics can be used to identify unobserved meaningful interrelationships between concepts. Although there are many research analyzing online reviews, this study is the first attempt to use an analytical approach of PFNETS to explore online reviews in theme park visitor experiences. The article collects 14,142 effective reviews of the world's first Disneyland in California from TripAdvisor. Using parallel and similarity comparison in pathfinder scaling, four individually but fully connected networks were generated to reveal different visitors' experiences in different segments. The findings indicate the dissimilarity of concept relatedness between different segments and revealed the knowledge gap of marketing to different segments in theme parks.
Energy Intake and Plasma Adiponectin as Potential Determinants of Lipoprotein‐Associated Phospholipase A2 Activity: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ntzouvani Agathi , Giannopoulou Efstathia , Fragopoulou Elizabeth , Nomikos Tzortzis , Antonopoulou Smaragdi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLipoprotein‐associated phospholipase A2 (Lp‐PLA2) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lp‐PLA2 activity is positively associated with male sex, Caucasian race, the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol, but it is negatively associated with high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol. Associations with other cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammation markers, and lifestyle factors are few or inconsistent. We investigated potential determinants of Lp‐PLA2 activity among both nonmodifiable and modifiable CVD risk factors in a middle‐aged Greek cohort without overt CVD. Two hundred eighty four subjects (159 men, 53 ± 9 years and 125 women 52 ± 9 years) participated in a cross‐sectional study carried out during 2011–2012 in Athens, Attica. Cardiometabolic risk factors, inflammation markers, lifestyle factors, and Lp‐PLA2 activity were evaluated with established methods. The American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria were used to define MetS. Lp‐PLA2 activity was not associated with MetS, but was associated with MetS components, markers of liver function, and macronutrient intake. Increased total energy intake was associated with increased Lp‐PLA2 activity (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.01–1.14 and 1.10, 1.03–1.16 for the 4th and 3rd quartiles, respectively, compared to the 1st quartile) after adjustments for sex, pack‐years of smoking, LDL‐cholesterol, and statin treatment. Adiponectin tended to be inversely associated with Lp‐PLA2 activity (0.91, 0.82–1.00, and 4th versus 1st quartile). Our results suggested that total energy intake and adiponectin levels are potential determinants of Lp‐PLA2 activity.
Evidence that downregulation of Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) is involved in cortical stromal cell differentiation into theca cells in adult bovine ovaries
Authors: Meng Kai , Wang Xiaomei , He Yuanyuan , Wang Hengqin , Xie Xiaogang , Zhang Yong , Quan Fusheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBovine theca cells are thought to differentiate from cortical stromal cells, and ovary‐derived Wilms’ tumor 1+ (WT1+) cells are the primary source of mouse theca cells. However, it is not known whether the differentiation of cortical stromal cells is regulated by WT1. Here, we identified WT1 in the cortical stroma and theca layer of the bovine ovary and analyzed the theca cell functional markers in cortical stromal cells and theca cells; in addition, we determined the effects of this gene on the secretion of androstenedione and progesterone by cortical stromal cells and the responsiveness of cortical stromal cells to luteinizing hormone (LH) in vitro. We used quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR), western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry to discover that the cortical stroma had higher WT1 expression than the theca layer. We used RT‐qPCR and ELISA analyses to determine that the cortical stromal cells had lower levels of androstenedione and progesterone secretion and LHR messenger RNA expression than the levels of the theca cells. In cultured bovine cortical stromal cells, we found that WT1 downregulation increased androstenedione and progesterone secretion but had no effect on the LH responsiveness. Notably, the increase in androstenedione and progesterone secretion was associated with an increase in 3‐β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression. In conclusion, the results suggest that WT1 is involved in the differentiation of cortical stromal cells into cells with characteristics similar to theca cells of antral follicles in adult bovine ovaries.
The gender pay gap in nonprofit executive compensation in South Florida
Authors: L'Herrou Todd , Tynes Adriene 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn general, systemic imbalance in pay between men and women is well established, but the literature on pay imbalance is mixed for nonprofit executives. Difference in organizational size could be a relevant factor in explaining pay imbalance, as previous research suggests average female nonprofit executives lead smaller organizations. The present study examines the role of governance accreditation on the gender gap in chief executive pay, using a 2 × 2 analysis of covariance to control for organizational size (as measured by annual revenue) when comparing samples of accredited and nonaccredited organizations in South Florida. We found a wage gap for gender, with female executives averaging 12% less compensation than male executives, after controlling for organizational size. No significant effect was found for accreditation; although the only significant difference between genders was in the nonaccredited sample, the findings hint that any trend towards pay equity would be due to a pattern of the male executives in the accredited sample being paid less than their counterparts in nonaccredited organizations.
Effects of carbon nanotube/polymer interfacial bonding on the long‐term creep performance of nanophased glass fiber/epoxy composites
Authors: Fulmali Abhinav O. , Sen Bhaskar , Ray Bankim C. , Prusty Rajesh K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article is focused on prediction of the long‐term creep performance of glass fiber/epoxy (GE) composites reinforced with pristine carbon nanotube (CNT) and functionalized carbon nanotube (FCNT). 0.1 wt% of CNT and FCNT are added to GE composites to fabricate CNT‐GE and FCNT‐GE composite laminates, respectively. Flexural tests were carried out at room temperature (RT) and 120°C to assess the effect of environment temperature on the flexural properties of the aforesaid materials. FCNT‐GE showed highest improvement in flexural properties at RT followed by CNT‐GE composite and control GE composite, due to better stress transfer with strong chemical interfacial bonding. By using accelerated deformation at elevated temperature and time‐temperature superposition principle, long‐term creep behavior of GE, CNT‐GE, and FCNT‐GE composites at various reference temperatures (30°C, 60°C, 90°C, and 110°C) has been anticipated. Positive reinforcement efficiency is noted up to ~1010.5 and ~1012.5 years for CNT‐GE and FCNT‐GE, respectively at reference temperature of 30°C, following which it neutralized and moderately became negative. However, at higher temperature this time period is reduced abruptly due to unfavorable thermal stress generation at the CNT/polymer interface. Evaluation of thermomechanical properties were also carried out using dynamic mechanical analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the variation in glass transition temperature due to CNT/FCNT addition to GE composite. Fractographic study was also carried out to know the mode of failure for CNT‐GE and FCNT‐GE composite flexural tested at room temperature.
A Quantitative Proteomics Study of Early Heat‐Regulated Proteins by Two‐Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis Identified OsUBP21 as a Negative Regulator of Heat Stress Responses in Rice
Authors: Zhou Hangfan , Wang Xiaolong , Huo Chenmin , Wang Hui , An Zhichao , Sun Daye , Liu Jingze , Tang Wenqiang , Zhang Baowen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo understand the early heat shock (HS)‐regulated cellular responses that influence the tolerance of rice plant to high environmental temperatures, two‐dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D‐DIGE) is performed to explore the early HS‐regulated proteome. Multiple proteins that show abundance changes after 1 and 5 min of HS treatment are identified. Of the early HS‐regulated proteins identified, the abundance of a ubiquitin‐specific protease, OsUBP21, and its Arabidopsis homolog, AtUBP13, is found to be upregulated by 5 min of HS treatment. Further, knocking the expression of OsUBP21 or AtUBP13 down or out increases the tolerance of rice and Arabidopsis plants to HS stress, suggesting that the function of these ubiquitin‐specific proteases in regulating plant HS responses is conserved between monocots and dicots. 2D‐DIGE showed a group of proteins are differentially regulated in wild‐type and ubp21 mutant after 30 min of HS treatment. Among these proteins, 11 are found to interact directly with OsUBP21; thus, they may be targets of OsUBP21. Future analyses of the roles of these OsUBP21‐interacting proteins in plant HS responses will help reveal the protein ubiquitination/deubiquitination‐regulated cellular responses induced by HS in rice.
Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants
Authors: Wang Jin‐Yan , Zhang Hao , Siemann Evan , Ji Xiang‐Yun , Chen Yi‐Juan , Wang Yi , Jiang Jie‐Xian , Wan Nian‐Feng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDInteractions between herbivorous insects and entomoviruses may depend on host plant, perhaps mediated through changes in herbivore innate immunity.RESULTSCaterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) fed Glycine max had high viral loads and low melanization rates together with low melanization enzyme [PO, DDC, TH] activities and gene expressions. Caterpillars fed Ipomoea aquatica had low viral loads and high melanization, gene activities and gene expressions while those fed Brassica oleracea or artificial diet had intermediate levels of each. Melanization rates were negatively correlated with viral loads and positively correlated with activity and expression of each of the three enzymes. Some diet effects on enzymes were constitutive because the same diets led to low (G. max) or high (I. aquatica) melanization related gene activities and expressions without infection.CONCLUSIONDiet influences the interactions between insect herbivores and viruses by shaping the innate immune response both at the onset of infection and afterwards as viral loads accumulate over a period of days. In addition, diets that lead to low viral loads are associated with high activities and gene expressions of a variety of melanization related enzymes suggesting a common causative mechanism. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid quantification of acetaminophen in plasma using solid‐phase microextraction coupled with thermal desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Shiea Jentaie , Bhat Suhail Muzaffar , Su Hung , Kumar Vinoth , Lee Chi‐Wei , Wang Chin‐Hsiung 
Published: September 2019

RationaleSolid‐phase microextraction coupled with thermal desorption electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (SPME‐TD‐ESI‐MS/MS) is proposed as a novel method for the rapid quantification of acetaminophen in plasma samples from a pharmacokinetics (PK) study.MethodsTraces of acetaminophen were concentrated on commercial fused‐silica fibers coated with a polar polyacrylate (PA) polymer using direct immersion SPME. No agitation, heating, addition of salt, or adjustment of the pH of the sample solution was applied during the extraction. Any acetaminophen absorbed on the SPME fibers was subsequently desorbed and detected by TD‐ESI‐MS/MS.ResultsParameters of the absorption, sensitivity, reproducibility, and linearity for the SPME‐TD‐ESI‐MS/MS method were evaluated. The time required to complete a TD‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis was less than 30 seconds. Matrix‐matching calibration was performed to calculate the concentration of acetaminophen in the sample. A linear calibration curve with a concentration range of 100–10,000 ng/mL was constructed to calculate the quantity of acetaminophen. The SPME‐TD‐ESI‐MS quantification results for acetaminophen in plasma were in good agreement with those obtained by the conventional LC/MS/MS method.ConclusionsWith the proposed method, a 10‐min SPME time was enough to achieve the lower limit of quantitation (i.e. 100 ng/mL) and for a complete PK profiling of acetaminophen. A shorter extraction time could be achieved by applying agitation, heating, adding salt, or adjusting the pH of the sample solution to enhance analyte absorption efficiency. The time required to detect acetaminophen on the SPME fiber was less than 30 s, allowing the rapid quantification of acetaminophen in plasma with good accuracy.