bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Entrepreneurial Student's Experience Journey Through Engineering Education
Authors: Fallast Mario , Vorbach Stefan 
Published: August 2019

The goal of this paper is to present a new perspective on how to design entrepre-neurial education in a wider sense. By applying the method of “customer journey mapping”, which is widely used in the field of marketing, the perspective of the student (“customer”) is put into the centre of attention. It intends to raise aware-ness for a more holistic and customer-centric view of the entrepreneurship-related “customer experience”.
The paper shows the limitations of existing tools and procedures and gives an outlook on possible tools to describe customer experience journey in entrepre-neurship education.
Recovery of Left Ventricular Twist and Left Ventricular Untwist Rate in Patients with ST-segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hristova Krasimira 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Left ventricular (LV) functional recovery and morphological remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) followed by reperfusion remain incompletely understood. The aim of the study was to describe the recovery of LV twist (LVT) and LV untwist rate (LVUR) upon revascularization after AMI using two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking.

Methods:
We evaluated 88 subjects: 22 normal volunteers (mean age 31 ± 5 years), and 66 patients with AMI (mean age 65 ± 12 years), of which 40 had an inferior AMI and 26 an anterior one. All AMI patients had ST-segment elevation. Echocardiography was performed in all subjects. Patients were scanned within 36 h (baseline) after revascularization (percutaneous coronary intervention) and after 4 months (4 mFU). Apical and basal short-axis images were acquired (frame rate 67 ± 5 frames/s) and analyzed offline to extract the rotation (rate) curves. From these, maximal systolic LVT and peak LVUR were derived. Finally, the infarct size (IS) was estimated based on magnetic resonance imaging delayed enhancement and expressed as a percentage of the total LV volume.

Results:
At 36 h, LVT and LVUR were significantly reduced in both AMI groups when compared to normals. At 4 mFU, both AMI groups showed recovery in ejection fraction (EF) and reduction in IS (7.24 ± 10.07 vs. 20.13 ± 13.9, P < 0.0001 for inferior AMI and 13.13 ± 10.3 vs. 24.40 ± 15, P < 0.0001 for anterior AMI). LVT and LVUR increased significantly but remained below normal levels. Correlation of LVT and LVUR with IS was significant, but weak (r = 0.34 and r = 0.34, respectively). In addition, a fair correlation of LVT with EF (r = 0.64) and a weak correlation of LVUR with end-diastolic volume (r = 0.43) were found.

Conclusion:
LVT and LVUR are reduced in AMI patients early after reperfusion and recover incompletely upon follow-up. Interestingly, recovery of LVT characteristics as measured with this 2D speckle tracking-based method showed to be independent of infarct location or extent. LVT and LVUR might be good parameters to monitor the recovery of global LV function after treatment.
Publicaciones periódicas y vida intelectual en Nicaragua: El Mentor nicaragüense de Frutos Chamorro (1841-1842)
Authors: Ayerdis Miguel 
Published: August 2019

En este ensayo se hace una aproximación a la vida cultural nicaragüense de la primera mitad del siglo XIX, en diálogo con E.B. Burns quien en Patriarcas y pueblos. El surgimiento de Nicaragua. 1798-1858, afirma que en la Nicaragua de esos primeros años de vida republicana, había una actividad intelectual digna de documentar. Sobre este aspecto, se estudia a uno de los personajes controversiales en la historia de este país, Fruto Chamorro, a partir de su veta intelectual, principalmente en su faceta de periodista, al frente de El Mentor Nicaragüense (1841-1842). Otro aspecto que se integra al tema, es la labor de documentalista de Orlando Cuadra Downing, quien desde la Revista Conservadora del Pensamiento Centroamericano, divulgó documentos valiosos para la historia de Nicaragua.Por ello, este trabajo además de problematizar acerca de la cultura de Nicaragua en las primeras décadas del siglo XIX, hace una valoración al trabajo documental.
Performance of linkage bars for restraint of bridge spans in earthquakes
Authors: Wood John H. , Chapman Howard E. 
Published: August 2019

Many New Zealand bridge decks consist of simply supported spans, which are interconnected with steel linkage bars. The main purpose of the bars is to restrain and prevent the bridge spans falling in an earthquake. The prediction of the forces imposed on the linkages is quite indeterminate because of the many variables that affect the response of adjacent bridge spans during strong earthquake motions. For economic reasons it is also usually not practical to make the linkages so strong that they will never fail under the strongest likely shaking. Linkage bars are therefore designed for a reasonable and practical strength, and are then detailed to yield and have large plastic extensions before failing in tension.
The paper presents the results of laboratory tensile testing of a range of linkage bar types and conclusions are made regarding the most suitable bar assemblies, taking into account tensile ductility and cold temperature fracture toughness.
Recommendations are made regarding methods of predicting earthquake loads in linkage system and on design detailing for linkage assemblies.
Stress-Strength Reliability Estimation for the Type I Extreme-Value Distribution Based on Records
Authors: KIZILASLAN Fatih 
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we consider the stress-strength reliability for record data when the distribution of random stress and strength have the type I extreme-value distribution. First, classical inference methods, namely uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimate (UMVUE) and maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), are used for . Second, Bayesian inference of are considered for gamma priors assumption. When the common parameter of stress and strength variables is known, the exact Bayes estimate and Bayesian credible interval of are obtained. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method are used to derive the Bayes estimate and highest probability density (HPD) credible interval of when the common parameter is unknown. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations are performed to compare the performance of the obtained estimates. A real data set about the weather temperature is analyzed to illustrate the performances of the derived estimators in the paper.
RIdeogram: drawing SVG graphics to visualize and map genome-wide data on the idiograms
Authors: Hao Zhaodong , Lv Dekang , Ge Ying , Shi Jisen , Weijers Dolf , Yu Guangchuang , Chen Jinhui 
Published: August 2019

Background: Owing to the rapid advances in DNA sequencing technologies, whole genome from more and more species are becoming available at increasing pace. For whole-genome analysis, idiograms provide a very popular, intuitive and effective way to map and visualize the genome-wide information, such as GC content, gene and repeat density, DNA methylation distribution, etc. However, most available software programs and web servers are available only for a few model species, such as human, mouse and fly. As boundaries between model and non-model species are shifting, tools are urgently needs to generate idiograms for a broad range of species are needed to help better understanding fundamental genome characteristics.
Results: The R package RIdeogram allows users to build high-quality idiograms of any species of interest. It can map continuous and discrete genome-wide data on the idiograms and visualize them in a heat map and track labels, respectively.
Conclusion: The visualization of genome-wide data mapping and comparison allow users to quickly establish a clear impression of the chromosomal distribution pattern, thus making RIdeogram a useful tool for any researchers working with omics.
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Enhydra fluctuans Available in Bangladesh
Authors: Kamal S. , Rony S. R. , Sharmin S. , Laboni F. R. , Sohrab M. H. 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: The possible phytochemical constituents, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities of the crude ethanolic extract of Enhydra fluctuans (CE) were investigated along with the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of its petroleum ether (PESF), carbon tetrachloride (CTCSF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions.
Materials & Methods: The coarse leaf powder was extracted at room temperature with ethanol. Solvent-solvent partitioning was done to obtain the four soluble fractions. Anticoagulant potential was determined by the in vitro thrombolytic model, membrane stabilization method was used to assess in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, the disc diffusion method was used for anti-microbial screening, antioxidant potential was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and brine shrimp lethality bioassay method was used for cytotoxic activity determination.
Results: Chemical screening of the crude extract evidenced the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars and gums. It showed significant clot lysis property of 46.91%. It also significantly inhibited heat and hypotonic solution induced lysis of the human red blood cell membrane with values of 71.80% and 47.60%, respectively. CTCSF and PESF showed mild antimicrobial activity. AQSF showed most prominent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 12.27 µg/mL. CTCSF showed LC50 value of 0.84 µg/mL, with most potent cytotoxic activity.
Conclusion: Significant thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing, antioxidant and in vitro cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic plant extract were observed in this study. In vivo activities and isolation of active compound(s) from this extract are yet to be investigated.
Conversion of Tuberculosis Screening Tests During Biologic Therapy Among Veteran Patient Population With Rheumatic Disease
Authors: Pattanaik Debendra , Gupta Sandeep , Islam Syed , Singhal Kunal , Raza Syed 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThe optimal strategy to detect the development of tuberculosis (TB) in subjects receiving biologic agents is not clear. The recommendations vary because there is wide variation in the reported rate of seroconversion in various parts of the world. There is a scarcity of long‐term studies regarding seroconversion of TB in the United States among these patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective study among veteran populations with rheumatic diseases who received various biologic agents between 2003 and 2014. Subjects who had repeated TB screening tests and adequate follow‐up periods were considered for the study.ResultsOut of 298 subjects who received biologic agents, 123 were considered for the study. After the initial negative screening test by tuberculin skin test (TST), patients were screened on an average of 1.2 years for 4.3 to 12 years. A total of 420 tests were performed, which were combination of TST and QuantiFERON‐TB gold in‐Tube assay. Only 1 out of 123 subjects (0.8%) seroconverted to latent TB and was treated with isoniazid for 9 months.ConclusionOur results are in line with a few other studies reported from the United States. We conclude that in areas with low prevalence of TB the seroconversion rate is extremely low and annual testing is unnecessary in low‐risk patient populations.
Reactive Oxygen Species–Activatable Liposomes Regulating Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment for Synergistic Photo/Chemodynamic Therapies
Authors: Zhao Zhihao , Wang Weiqi , Li Chenxi , Zhang Yiqiu , Yu Tianrong , Wu Renfei , Zhao Jiayue , Liu Zhuang , Liu Jian , Yu Haijun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTumors have adapted various cellular antidotes and microenvironmental conditions to subsist against photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Here, the development of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐activatable liposomes (RALP) for therapeutic enhancement by simultaneously addressing the critical questions in PDT and CDT is reported. The design of RALP@HOC@Fe3O4 features ROS‐cleavable linker molecules for improved tumor penetration/uptake and ondemand cargo releasing, and integration of Fe3O4 and an oxaliplatin prodrug for smart regulation of hypoxia tumor microenvironment. Glutathione stored by the tumor cells is consumed by the prodrug to produce highly toxic oxaliplatin. Depletion of glutathione not only avoids the undesired annihilation of ROS in PDT, but also modulates the chemical specie equilibria in tumors for H2O2 promotion, leading to greatly relieved tumor hypoxia and PDT enhancement. Synergistically, Fe (II) in the hybrid RALP formulation can be fuelled by H2O2 to generate •OH in the Fenton reaction, thus elevating CDT efficiency. This work offers a strategy for harnessing smart, responsive, and biocompatible liposomes to enhance PDT and CDT by regulating tumor microenvironment, highlighting a potential clinical translation beneficial to patients with cancer.
Design of High‐Performance Disordered Half‐Heusler Thermoelectric Materials Using 18‐Electron Rule
Authors: Liu Zihang , Guo Shuping , Wu Yixuan , Mao Jun , Zhu Qing , Zhu Hangtian , Pei Yanzhong , Sui Jiehe , Zhang Yongsheng , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTernary half‐Heusler (HH) alloys display intriguing functionalities ranging from thermoelectric to magnetic and topological properties. For thermoelectric applications, stable HH alloys with a nominal valence electron count (VEC) of 18 per formula or defective HH alloys with a VEC of 17 or 19 are assumed to be promising candidates. Inspired by the pioneering efforts to design a TiFe0.5Ni0.5Sb double HH alloy by combining 17‐electron TiFeSb and 19‐electron TiNiSb HH alloys, both high‐performance n‐type and p‐type materials based on the same parent TiFe0.5Ni0.5Sb are developed. First‐principles calculation results demonstrate their beneficial band structure having a high band degeneracy that contributes to their large effective mass and thereby maintains their high Seebeck coefficient values. Due to the strong Fe/Ni disorder effect, TiFe0.5Ni0.5Sb exhibits a much lower lattice thermal conductivity than does TiCoSb, consistent with very recently reported results. Furthermore, tuning the ratio of Fe and Ni leads to achieving both p‐ and n‐types, and alloying Ti by Hf further enhances the thermoelectric performance significantly. A peak ZT of ≈1 and ≈0.7 at 973 K are achieved in the p‐type and n‐type based on the same parent, respectively, which are beneficial and promising for real applications.
Preparation of Decellularized Triphasic Hierarchical Bone‐Fibrocartilage‐Tendon Composite Extracellular Matrix for Enthesis Regeneration
Authors: Su Mingzhen , Zhang Qi , Zhu Yiwei , Wang Shengyu , Lv Jiawen , Sun Jiaan , Qiu Pengchen , Fan Shunwu , Jin Keke , Chen Lei , Lin Xianfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTendon to bone (enthesis) rupture, which may cause disability and persistent pain, shows high rate of re‐rupture after surgical repair. Tendon or enthesis scaffolds have been widely studied, but few of these materials can recapitulate the tissue continuity. Thus, this study is conducted to prepare a triphasic decellularized bone‐fibrocartilage‐tendon (D‐BFT) composite scaffold. The D‐BFT scaffold is developed using a combination of physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments using liquid nitrogen, Triton‐X 100, sodium‐dodecyl sulfate, and DNase I, which effectively removes the cell components while preserving the biological composite and microstructure. Moreover, the mechanical properties of D‐BFT are highly preserved and similar to those of the human Achilles tendon. Additionally, in vitro, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) adhered, proliferated, and infiltrated into the D‐BFT scaffold, and MSC differentiation is confirmed by up‐regulation of osteogenic‐related and tenogenic‐related genes. The repair outcomes are explored by applying the D‐BFT scaffold in the model of femur‐tibia defects in vivo, which shows good repair results. Thus, the D‐BFT scaffold developed in this study is a promising graft for enthesis regeneration.
Nanomaterial‐Enabled Flexible and Stretchable Sensing Systems: Processing, Integration, and Applications
Authors: Yao Shanshan , Ren Ping , Song Runqiao , Liu Yuxuan , Huang Qijin , Dong Jingyan , O'Connor Brendan T. , Zhu Yong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNanomaterial‐enabled flexible and stretchable electronics have seen tremendous progress in recent years, evolving from single sensors to integrated sensing systems. Compared with nanomaterial‐enabled sensors with a single function, integration of multiple sensors is conducive to comprehensive monitoring of personal health and environment, intelligent human–machine interfaces, and realistic imitation of human skin in robotics and prosthetics. Integration of sensors with other functional components promotes real‐world applications of the sensing systems. Here, an overview of the design and integration strategies and manufacturing techniques for such sensing systems is given. Then, representative nanomaterial‐enabled flexible and stretchable sensing systems are presented. Following that, representative applications in personal health, fitness tracking, electronic skins, artificial nervous systems, and human–machine interactions are provided. To conclude, perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in this burgeoning field are considered.
Tailoring Oxidation State of Solution‐Processed MoO3–x Layer Using Laser‐Irradiation and Its Application in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Wan Jae , Lee Jong‐Lam 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSolution‐processed molybdenum oxide (MoO3–x) is a promising material for charge transport layer in optoelectronic devices. However, no clear relationship between oxidation state and electrical properties has been experimentally derived to guide the optimization of MoO3–x. Here, oxidation state of solution‐processed MoO3–x is controlled by both a photoassisted reduction and a spontaneous reduction. The photoassisted reduction proceeds by absorbing the incoming high flux photons, resulting in oxygen vacancies. Moreover, the spontaneous reduction occurs when MoO3–x layer is in contact with indium‐tin oxide (ITO) electrode and affects for several nanometers away from the interface. Thus, both the photon flux and the thickness of MoO3–x layer play a key role in determining the oxidation state. Synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy confirms a relationship that the oxidation state gradually decreases with increasing the photon flux and thinning the MoO3–x layer. As a result, at an optimized photon flux and thickness of MoO3–x layer, both high work function (>4.7 eV) and high electrical conductivity (29.1 µS cm‐1) could be simultaneously obtained. These beneficial electronic properties make the solution‐processed MoO3–x thin films to be an efficient hole transport layers in organic solar cells.
Sexual Dimorphism of Gut Microbiota Dictates Therapeutics Efficacy of Radiation Injuries
Authors: Cui Ming , Xiao Huiwen , Li Yuan , Zhang Shuqin , Dong Jiali , Wang Bin , Zhu Changchun , Jiang Mian , Zhu Tong , He Junbo , Wang Haichao , Fan Saijun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAccidental or iatrogenic ionizing radiation exposure precipitates acute and chronic radiation injuries. The traditional paradigm of mitigating radiotherapy‐associated adverse side effects has ignored the gender‐specific dimorphism of patients' divergent responses. Here, the effects of sexual dimorphism on curative efficiencies of therapeutic agents is examined in murine models of irradiation injury. Oral gavage of simvastatin ameliorates radiation‐induced hematopoietic injury and gastrointestinal tract dysfunction in male mice, but adversely deteriorates these radiation syndromes in female animals. In a sharp contrast, feeding animals with high‐fat diet (HFD) elicites explicitly contrary results. High‐throughput sequencing of microbial 16S rRNA, host miRNA, and mRNA shows that simvastatin or HFD administration preventes radiation‐altered enteric bacterial taxonomic structure, preserves miRNA expression profile, and reprogrammes the spectrum of mRNA expression in small intestines of male or female mice, respectively. Notably, faecal microbiota transplantation of gut microbes from opposite sexual donors abrogates the curative effects of simvastatin or HFD in respective genders of animals. Together, these findings demonstrate that curative efficiencies of therapeutic strategies mitigating radiation toxicity might be dependent on the gender of patients, thus simvastatin or HFD might be specifically useful for fighting against radiation toxicity in a sex‐dependent fashion partly based on sex‐distinct gut microbiota composition in preclinical settings.
The CRISPR‐Cas13a Gene‐Editing System Induces Collateral Cleavage of RNA in Glioma Cells
Authors: Wang Qixue , Liu Xing , Zhou Junhu , Yang Chao , Wang Guangxiu , Tan Yanli , Wu Ye , Zhang Sijing , Yi Kaikai , Kang Chunsheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRNA is rarely used as a therapeutic target due to its flexible structure and instability. CRISPR‐Cas13a is a powerful tool for RNA knockdown, and the potential application of CRISPR‐Cas13a in cancer cells should be further studied. In this study, overexpression of LwCas13a by lentivirus in glioma cells reveals that crRNA‐EGFP induces a “collateral effect” after knocking down the target gene in EGFP‐expressing cells. EGFRvIII is a unique EGFR mutant subtype in glioma, and the CRISPR‐Cas13a system induces death in EGFRvIII‐overexpressing glioma cells. Bulk and single‐cell RNA sequencing analysis in U87‐Cas13a‐EGFRvIII cells confirm the collateral effect of the CRISPR‐Cas13a system. Furthermore, CRISPR‐Cas13a inhibits the formation of glioma intracranial tumors in mice. The results demonstrate the collateral effect of the CRISPR‐Cas13a system in cancer cells and the powerful tumor‐eliminating potential of this system.
Spin‐Momentum Locking in the Gate Tunable Topological Insulator BiSbTeSe2 in Non‐Local Transport Measurements
Authors: Voerman Joris A. , Li Chuan , Huang Yingkai , Brinkman Alexander 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe helical spin‐momentum locking of an electron in a topological surface state is a feature excellently suited for the use in spintronic applications. Devices are fabricated that allow to generate, transport, and detect the spin‐polarization coming from an electronic current in the topological surface state of BiSbTeSe2; a topological insulator reported to have a negligible bulk contribution to its conduction. The successful creation of such a device is described, as is a study of the generated spin‐polarized current as the BiSbTeSe2 surface state is gated through its Dirac point. A non‐local voltage difference across separated ferromagnetic leads is observed, larger than previously reported in literature. The spin‐polarization has a maximum when the Fermi level crosses the Dirac point.