bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disambiguating the role of blood flow and global signal with Partial Information Decomposition
Authors: Colenbier Nigel , Van de Steen Frederik , Uddin Lucina Q. , Poldrack Russell A. , Calhoun Vince D. , Marinazzo Daniele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) a common strategy to reduce the impact of physiological noise and other artifacts on the data is to regress out the global signal using global signal regression (GSR). Yet, GSR is one of the most controversial preprocessing techniques for rs-fMRI. It effectively removes non-neuronal artifacts, but at the same time it alters correlational patterns in unpredicted ways. Furthermore the global signal includes neural BOLD signal by construction, and is consequently related to neural and behavioral function. Performing GSR taking into account the underlying physiology (mainly the blood arrival time) has been proved to be beneficial. From these observations we aimed to: 1) characterize the effect of GSR on network-level functional connectivity in a large dataset; 2) assess the complementary role of global signal and vessels; and 3) use the framework of partial information decomposition to further look into the joint dynamics of the global signal and vessels, and their respective influence on the dynamics of cortical areas. We observe that GSR affects intrinsic connectivity networks in the connectome in a non-uniform way. Furthermore, by estimating the predictive information of blood flow and the global signal using partial information decomposition, we observe that both signals are present in different amounts across intrinsic connectivity networks. Simulations showed that differences in blood arrival time can largely explain this phenomenon. With these results we confirm network-specific effects of GSR and the importance of taking blood flow into account for improve denoising methods. Using GSR but not correcting for blood flow might selectively introduce physiological artifacts across intrinsic connectivity networks that distort the functional connectivity estimates.
Horizontal gene transfer by natural transformation promotes both genetic and epigenetic inheritance of traits
Authors: Dalia Ankur B. , Dalia Triana N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNatural transformation (NT) is a major mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in microbial species that promotes the spread of antibiotic resistance determinants and virulence factors. Here, we develop a cell biological approach to characterize the spatial and temporal dynamics of homologous recombination during NT inVibrio cholerae. Our results directly demonstrate (1) that transforming DNA efficiently integrates into the genome as single-stranded DNA, (2) that the resulting heteroduplexes are resolved by chromosome replication and segregation, and (3) that integrated DNA is rapidly expressed prior to cell division. We show that the combination of these properties results in the epigenetic transfer of gene products within transformed populations, which can support the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of antibiotic resistance in bothV. choleraeandStreptococcus pneumoniae. Thus, beyond the genetic acquisition of novel DNA sequences, NT can also promote the epigenetic inheritance of traits during this conserved mechanism of horizontal gene transfer.
Associated organisms inhabiting the calcareous spongeClathrina luteain La Parguera Natural Reserve, Puerto Rico
Authors: García-Hernández Jaaziel E. , Hammerman Nicholas M. , Cruz-Motta Juan J. , Schizas Nikolaos V. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTSponges provide an array of ecological services and benefits for Caribbean coral reefs. They function as habitats for a bewildering variety of species, however limited attention has been paid in the systematics and distribution of sponge-associated fauna in the class Calcarea or for that matter of sponges in the Caribbean. The goal of this study was to characterize infaunal assemblages from a calcareous sponge,Clathrina lutea, across multiple reefs from the La Parguera Natural Reserve, Puerto Rico. The associated fauna from 43C. luteaspecimens yielded a total of 2,249 associated infauna distributed in seven invertebrate phyla. Arthropoda was the most abundant phylum accounting for 62.5% of total abundance, followed by Annelida (21.0%) and Nematoda (5.5%). Limited patterns of temporal or spatial variability were surmised due to the opportunistic sampling effort afforded to this investigation from the cryptic nature of this species. A concordance between our data set and those for the class Demospongiae were observed, with the most abundant associated fauna being copepods and polychaetes. However, when compared to other Calcarea, the present study found considerably more associated fauna.
OpenAnnotate: a web server to annotate the chromatin accessibility of genomic regions
Authors: Chen Shengquan , Liu Qiao , Cui Xuejian , Feng Zhanying , Li Chunquan , Wang Xiaowo , Zhang Xuegong , Wang Yong , Jiang Rui 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTChromatin accessibility, as a powerful marker of active DNA regulatory elements, provides valuable information for understanding regulatory mechanisms. The revolution in high-throughput methods has accumulated massive chromatin accessibility profiles in public repositories. Nevertheless, utilization of these data is hampered by cumbersome collection, time-consuming processing, and manual chromatin accessibility (openness) annotation of genomic regions. To fill this gap, we developed OpenAnnotate (http://health.tsinghua.edu.cn/openannotate/) as the first web server for efficiently annotating openness of massive genomic regions across various biosample types, tissues, and biological systems. In addition to the annotation resource from 2729 comprehensive profiles of 614 biosample types of human and mouse, OpenAnnotate provides user-friendly functionalities, ultra-efficient calculation, real-time browsing, intuitive visualization, and elaborate application notebooks. We show its unique advantages compared to existing databases and toolkits by effectively revealing cell type-specificity, identifying regulatory elements and 3D chromatin contacts, deciphering gene functional relationships, inferring functions of transcription factors, and unprecedentedly promoting single-cell data analyses. We anticipate OpenAnnotate will provide a promising avenue for researchers to construct a more holistic perspective to understand regulatory mechanisms.
The brain detects stimulus features, but not stimulus conflict in task-irrelevant sensory input
Authors: Nuiten Stijn A. , Canales-Johnson Andrés , Beerendonk Lola , Nanuashvili Nutsa , Fahrenfort Johannes J. , Bekinschtein Tristan , van Gaal Simon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCognitive control over conflicting sensory input is central to adaptive human behavior. It might therefore not come as a surprise that past research has shown conflict detection in the absence of conscious awareness. This would suggest that the brain may detect conflict fully automatically, and that it can even occur without paying attention. Contrary to this intuition, we show that task-relevance is crucial for conflict detection. Univariate and multivariate analyses on electroencephalographic data from human participants revealed that when auditory stimuli are fully task-irrelevant, the brain disregards conflicting input entirely, whereas the same input elicits strong neural conflict signals when task-relevant. In sharp contrast, stimulus features were still processed, irrespective of task-relevance. These results show that stimulus properties are only integrated to allow conflict to be detected by prefrontal regions when sensory information is task-relevant and therefore suggests an attentional bottleneck at high levels of information analysis.
Integrative protein modeling in RosettaNMR from sparse paramagnetic restraints
Authors: Kuenze Georg , Bonneau Richard , Leman Julia Koehler , Meiler Jens 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComputational methods to predict protein structure from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) restraints that only require assignment of backbone signals hold great potential to study larger proteins and complexes. Additionally, computational methods designed to work with sparse data add atomic detail that is missing in the experimental restraints, allowing application to systems that are difficult to investigate. While specific frameworks in the Rosetta macromolecular modeling suite support the use of certain NMR restraint types, use of all commonly measured restraint types together is precluded. Here, we introduce a comprehensive framework into Rosetta that reconciles CS-Rosetta, PCS-Rosetta and RosettaNMR into a single framework, that, in addition to backbone chemical shifts and nuclear Overhauser effect distance restraints, leverages NMR restraints derived from paramagnetic labeling. Specifically, RosettaNMR incorporates pseudocontact shifts, residual dipolar couplings, and paramagnetic relaxation enhancements, measured at multiple tagging sites. We further showcase the generality of RosettaNMR for various modeling challenges and benchmark it on 28 structure prediction cases, eight symmetric assemblies, two protein-protein and three protein-ligand docking examples. Paramagnetic restraints generated more accurate models for 85% of the benchmark proteins and, when combined with chemical shifts, sampled high-accuracy models (≤ 2Å) in 50% of the cases.Significance StatementComputational methods such as Rosetta can assist NMR structure determination by employing efficient conformational search algorithms alongside physically realistic energy functions to model protein structure from sparse experimental data. We have developed a framework in Rosetta that leverages paramagnetic NMR data in addition to chemical shift and nuclear Overhauser effect restraints and extends RosettaNMR calculations to the prediction of symmetric assemblies, protein-protein and protein-ligand complexes. RosettaNMR generated high-accuracy models (≤ 2Å) in 50% of cases for a benchmark set of 28 monomeric and eight symmetric proteins and predicted protein-protein and protein-ligand interfaces with up to 1Å accuracy. The method expands Rosetta’s rich toolbox for integrative data-driven modeling and promises to be broadly useful in structural biology.
Wirerope-driven exoskeleton to assist lower-limb rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients by using motion capture
Authors: Xie Longhan , Huang Ledeng 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design a lower limb exoskeleton to enhance hemiplegic patient’s muscle strength and help the affected side return to normal gait after a long period of training.

Design/methodology/approach
A wire rope-driven exoskeleton that combines rigid bracket and flexible driven method was presented to assist the patients with rehabilitative walking training. By using three noncontact cameras, the patient’s gait was captured and the target trajectory of the affected side was analyzed. Meanwhile, a controlling strategy of the affected side, which mimics the gait of the healthy side, was developed to help hemiplegic patients with varying degrees of hemiplegic gait obtain personalized walking rehabilitation training.

Findings
The results show that the hemiplegic gait of hip excessive abduction and strephenopodia was prevented. After wearing the exoskeleton, the movement trajectories of both sides of the lower limb were approximately identical. Based on the controlling strategy, the exoskeleton can correct the impaired gait and provide assistance for patients during walking. The exoskeleton has great benefits in walking rehabilitation training for hemiplegic patients.

Originality/value
This work improves the efficiency of the patient’s individualized training in the room. The presented exoskeleton provides great benefits in walking rehabilitation training for hemiplegic patients.
South African corporate ethics codes: establishment and communication
Authors: Roberts-Lombard Mornay , Mpinganjira Mercy , Wood Greg , Svensson Göran 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study is on the top 500 companies in South Africa (as per the TopCo, 2014 list) that have a code of ethics, to see the current state of development in this area after 20 years of focus by the government and business on making corporate South Africa a more ethical environment, in which to conduct business.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire survey method was used to gather the data and it was directed to the company secretaries of these top 500 companies.FindingsMany companies in South Africa have a well-established set of protocols to enact the ethos of their code of ethics, indicating that they are becoming increasingly aware of the benefits to them of having a code. South African companies are, therefore, implementing both a code of ethics and strategies that contribute to creating an ethical corporate culture.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides an opportunity to further research assessing and comparing other companies in non-Western and emerging economies.Practical implicationsAfter 20 years of endeavours by business people and lawmakers to improve the ethical framework of South African business, there is still plenty of work to be done, as so many top companies do not appear to have a code of ethics.Originality/valueThere have been limited studies in the area of business ethics in South African companies. This study is the first of its kind in the South African context and establishes the current practice 20 years after the King I report.
Authentic leadership’s influence on ambidexterity with mediators in the South African context
Authors: Scheepers Caren Brenda , Storm Christiaan Philippus 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of a positive form of leadership, particularly authentic leadership, on ambidexterity, as ambidexterity has shown to improve financial performance. What is less clear, however, is how to create the organisational context towards ambidexterity or balanced exploitative and explorative innovation. This study set out to fill that gap in researching the direct influence of authentic leadership as well as indirect effect through innovation climate on ambidexterity.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research approach was followed, with an online survey to employees in South African organisations. There were 733 useable questionnaires. Structural equation modelling was used to test proposed hypotheses of direct, indirect and moderation effects.FindingsThe results revealed that authentic leadership has a significant and positive direct effect on ambidexterity and a significant indirect effect through an innovation climate. Environmental dynamism lessened the regression weight of the relationship between authentic leadership and ambidexterity.Research limitations/implicationsThe data collected were cross-sectional and respondents were South African employees; therefore, caution should be exercised when generalising the results to other organisations in a broader African context.Practical implicationsUnderstanding that both authentic leadership and innovation climate are required to significantly influence ambidexterity allows organisations to direct their leadership selection and development.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this research lies in clarifying the influence of authentic leadership on ambidexterity in the South African context.
Getting the balance right
Authors: Lingard Helen , Warmerdam Amanda , Shooshtarian Salman 
Published: April 2019

PurposeIn Australia, national harmonisation of occupational health and safety (OHS) regulation was pursued through the development of model Work Health and Safety legislation. The model Work Health and Safety Regulations specify that construction works above a threshold cost of AU$250,000 are deemed to be construction projects requiring the appointment of a principal contractor with duties relating to OHS planning and coordination. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of the monetary threshold as a suitable trigger for specific OHS planning and coordination duties.Design/methodology/approachInterviews were conducted with 46 Australian construction industry stakeholders, including union representatives, employer groups, construction firm representatives and regulators, as well as four international construction OHS experts, to explore perceptions about the effectiveness of the monetary threshold. Two construction scenarios were also modelled to test for variability in operation of the threshold by geographical location of works and design conditions.FindingsThe monetary threshold was perceived to be subject to two forms of capture problem, reflecting inadvertent capture of low risk works or failure to capture high risk works. Organisations were also reported to deliberately split contracts to avoid capture by the threshold. The cost-estimate modelling revealed inequalities and variation in the operation of the monetary threshold by geographic location and design specification.Practical implicationsThe analysis suggests that limitations inherent in the use of a monetary threshold to trigger duties relating to OHS planning and coordination in construction works. Opportunities to use more sophisticated risk-based mechanisms are considered.Originality/valueThe study explores a fundamental challenge of risk-based OHS regulation, i.e., how to ensure that workers’ health and safety are adequately protected without creating an unnecessarily high regulatory burden. The research provides evidence that using a monetary value as a proxy measure for OHS risk in construction projects may be problematic.
Gender differences in workplace stress response strategies of quantity surveyors in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Ojo Grace Kehinde , Adeyeye Grace Mayowa , Opawole Akintayo , Kajimo-Shakantu Kahilu 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess how gender influences stress response strategies among quantity surveyors in workplaces with a view to enhancing job performance.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data were obtained through a survey, which utilised structured questionnaires administered to quantity surveyors in Lagos, Oyo and Ondo States in Nigeria. In total, 334 quantity surveyors in government establishments, consulting and construction firms were randomly sampled to survey male quantity surveyors, and a purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from female quantity surveyors. Data collected were analysed using percentile, using mean item score (MIS) and Mann–WhitneyUtest.FindingsIn total, 27 stress response strategies were identified in dealing with stressors in quantity surveyors’ workplaces. The results of the analysis revealed the level of usage of the stress response strategies with the highest being “seeking clarification with colleagues or superiors” achieving an MIS of 3.95, followed by “belonging to professional association” (MIS=3.67), and “opportunity to discuss with manager/supervisor” (MIS=3.66). The scoring of the level of usage of the stress response strategies (2.20<MIS<3.95) suggested that although quantity surveying organisations were familiar with a good number of workplace stress response strategies, a significant number of the strategies were neither suitable nor adopted. Moreover, stress response strategies with high a rating of familiarity were also the most utilised and most effective.Practical implicationsThe study provided implications for management roles in identifying stressors and appropriate strategies towards creating a healthy working environment and improving job productivity of female quantity surveyors in their workplaces.Originality/valueThe results show no significant difference in gender perception of the effectiveness of the 27 stress response strategies assessed except three. The first is “opportunity to discuss with manager/supervisor” with the Mann–WhitneyUtest (MWW) value of 3.337 atp=0.001. The other two are “prioritizing future workloads” (MWW=−3.226;p=0.002) and “clubbing or socializing” (MWW=−3.483;p=0.001). These findings imply that both male and female quantity surveyors perceived the use of these three stress response strategies in different ways. In this regard, although all the strategies may be applied as influenced by employers’ decision and preference, managers may have to exercise caution when applying them while dealing with male and female employees.
Vision-based pose estimation of a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Gupta Kashish , Emran Bara Jamal , Najjaran Homayoun 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to facilitate autonomous landing of a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on a moving/tilting platform using a robust vision-based approach.

Design/methodology/approach
Autonomous landing of a multi-rotor UAV on a moving or tilting platform of unknown orientation in a GPS-denied and vision-compromised environment presents a challenge to common autopilot systems. The paper proposes a robust visual data processing system based on targets’ Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF features to estimate the UAV’s three-dimensional pose in real time.

Findings
The system is able to visually locate and identify the unique landing platform based on a cooperative marker with an error rate of 1° or less for all roll, pitch and yaw angles.

Practical implications
The proposed vision-based system aims at on-board use and increased reliability without a significant change to the computational load of the UAV.

Originality/value
The simplicity of the training procedure gives the process the flexibility needed to use a marker of any unknown/irregular shape or dimension. The process can be easily tweaked to respond to different cooperative markers. The on-board computationally inexpensive process can be added to off-the-shelf autopilots.
Isolated illiteracy and access to social programs: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Carrets Fernanda Dachi , Ribeiro Felipe Garcia , Teixeira Gibran da Silva 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether isolated illiteracy generates a barrier to knowledge about the Brazilian Federal Government’s Single Registry for social programs.Design/methodology/approachBased on information contained in the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicilios – PNAD) 2014, the propensity score matching method was combined with the algorithm proposed by Imbens (2015). The analyzed sample consists of two groups of illiterate individuals: isolated illiterates (IILs) (treatment group), which consists of only illiterate individuals who live with other illiterates; and proximate illiterates (PILs) (control group), which consists of illiterates who live with someone who is literate in the household.FindingsEvidence indicates that IIL individuals are, on average, less likely to know about the single registry than PIL people.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation relates to the database since the only information available in the PNAD on the access to the single registry is for the year 2014.Practical implicationsThe evidence found in the study reinforces the need to invest in the fight against illiteracy in Brazil.Social implicationsResults show that a portion of the possible beneficiaries of social programs are still “invisible” to the government’s social protection networks, and this highlights the existence of possible errors of exclusion.Originality/valueThe paper compares two groups of illiterate people, a group that lives in an isolated illiteracy situation and the other that does not. It also assesses the effect of literacy externalities on the access to the Brazilian Single Registry.