bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NiCo2O4 Particles with Facile PPy Modification as an Anode Material for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Dawei , Zhao Ning , Wu Jieda , Ni Yongji , Wang Chengcheng , Cao Yulin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel structure of “sea urchin‐like” NiCo2O4 particles coated with a PPy protection layer is successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method combined with a subsequent in situ polymerization. As a potential anode material for Li‐ion batteries, the as‐prepared NiCo2O4@PPy nanocomposite exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 1524.1 mAh·g−1 and still maintains a wonderful reversible capacity of 955.6 mAh·g−1 over 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA·g−1, and it also delivers a very stable reversible capacity of 541 mAh·g−1 even at a high current density up to 1000 mA·g−1. The excellent cyclability and rate capability of the composite might be ascribed to the unique architecture of NiCo2O4 particles, especially for the in situ polymerized PPy conductive protection layers, which not only promote the anode material's conductivity, but also protect the inner NiCo2O4 particles from mechanical damage in the process of discharging and charging. The present work indicates that PPy modification could be an effective direction to improve the electrochemical properties of anode with poor conductivity.
Impact of disturbed areas on Theraphosidae spiders diversity (Araneae) and first population data of Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer) in Panul Park
Authors: Aguilera Milenko A. , Montenegro V. Rubén , Casanueva María Eugenia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSoil fauna constitutes one of the most abundant and richest environments on earth (Coleman et al. 2004, Fundamentals of solil ecology, 2nd ed. Elsevier Academic Press, London, UK). Different degrees of soil disturbance can affect arthropod diversity, which allows a correlation of biodiversity to quality of habitat. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of habitat on Theraphosidae spiders, with special focus on Grammostola rosea. Slight differences in the diversity of Theraphosidae between the disturbed area of Cerro Huechuraba and the undisturbed Panul Park were found. However, a high dominance of G. rosea was observed in both study areas. G. rosea density 1,350 ind/ha in Panul Park, and 750 ind/ha in Cerro Huechuraba. UPGMA cluster analysis did not show significant differences between established environments. A standard methodology to develop inventories of Theraphosidae was proposed. The distribution of G. rosea and its natural history were reported.
Interbreeding between local and translocated populations of a cleaner fish in an experimental mesocosm predicts risk of disrupted local adaptation
Authors: Blanco Gonzalez Enrique , Espeland Sigurd H. , Jentoft Sissel , Hansen Michael M. , Robalo Joana I. , Stenseth Nils C. , Jorde Per Erik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTranslocation of organisms within or outside its native range carries the risk of modifying the community of the recipient ecosystems and induces gene flow between locally adapted populations or closely related species. In this study, we evaluated the genetic consequences of large‐scale translocation of cleaner wrasses that has become a common practice within the salmon aquaculture industry in northern Europe to combat sea lice infestation. A major concern with this practice is the potential for hybridization of escaped organisms with the local, recipient wrasse population, and thus potentially introduce exogenous alleles and breaking down coadapted gene complexes in local populations. We investigated the potential threat for such genetic introgressions in a large seminatural mesocosm basin. The experimental setting represented a simulated translocation of corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) that occurs on a large scale in the Norwegian salmon industry. Parentage assignment analysis of mesocosm's offspring revealed 30% (195 out of 651 offspring) interbreeding between the two populations, despite their being genetically (FST = 0.094, p < 0.05) and phenotypically differentiated. Moreover, our results suggest that reproductive fitness of the translocated western population doubled that of the local southern population. Our results confirm that human translocations may overcome the impediments imposed by natural habitat discontinuities and urge for immediate action to manage the genetic resources of these small benthic wrasses.
Unveiling the relationship between central parkinsonian pain and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Vila‐Chã Nuno , Cavaco Sara , Mendes Alexandre , Gonçalves Alexandra , Moreira Inês , Fernandes Joana , Damásio Joana , Azevedo Luís Filipe , Castro‐Lopes José 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPain in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and heterogeneous non‐motor symptom. Although the characteristics and predictors of pain in general and of central pain in particular are still largely unknown.MethodsA semi‐structured interview, the Brief Pain Inventory and the Pain Disability Index were used to identify and characterize pain in a consecutive series of 292 PD patients. Unified PD Rating Scale‐III, Hoehn & Yahr, Schwab and England Independence Scale and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire were applied to assess motor symptoms and functional independence in off and on conditions. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Questionnaire of Impulsive‐Compulsive Control Disorders were used to screen for anxiety, depression and impulse control disorders.ResultsTwo hundred and twelve patients (73%) reported pain, which was classified as: musculoskeletal (63%), dystonia‐related (27%), central parkinsonian (22%) and/or radicular or neuropathic (9%). Patients with pain had more comorbidities and more severe motor symptoms. Patients with central parkinsonian pain were significantly younger, had earlier disease onset, fewer comorbidities, greater non‐axial motor symptom severity in on, more pain‐related disability and more relief of pain with antiparkinsonian medication than patients with non‐central parkinsonian pain.ConclusionsPD patients with central parkinsonian pain have some distinctive demographic and clinical features, including lower levodopa responsiveness of motor appendicular/limb symptoms to levodopa, associated with greater responsiveness of pain symptoms to these same medications. These findings suggest the need for a more integrated approach to motor and non‐motor symptoms in these patients' clinical care.SignificanceIn a consecutive series of 292 patients with PD, almost three quarters of patients with PD reported pain. The study results revealed that pain was related to more severe motor symptoms, anxiety symptoms and comorbidities. Among patients with pain, those with central parkinsonian subtype had distinct demographic and clinical features, including lower levodopa responsiveness for non‐axial motor symptoms and greater responsiveness of pain to antiparkinsonian treatment.
A screening framework study to evaluate CO2storage performance in single and stacked caprock–reservoir systems of the Northern Appalachian Basin
Authors: Raziperchikolaee Samin , Kelley Mark , Gupta Neeraj 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the context of geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration, the storage effectiveness of a caprock–reservoir system is a function of the properties of both the caprock and reservoir – namely, the ability of the caprock to prevent upward leakage of CO2(caprock sealing capability), the mechanical response of the reservoir and caprock (by evaluatingin situstress changes), and the extent and degree to which CO2can be trapped over long periods of time. In this work, all three parameters were considered to evaluate the storage effectiveness of the Cambrian–Ordovician sequence of the Northern Appalachian Basin. We constructed a series of hydro‐mechanical models to investigate interactions between CO2flow and geomechanical processes and to evaluate the three aspects of storage performance. Models were built to evaluate two scenarios: (1) single reservoirs with a single overlying caprock, and (2) systems comprising multiple reservoirs and multiple intermediate caprock units in addition to the primary (uppermost) caprock unit. The overall conclusion of the work is that focusing only on one aspect of storage effectiveness might not necessarily warrant long‐term CO2storage. Results of the sensitivity analysis for the single caprock–reservoir system show that each storage effectiveness metric has its own control parameters. A comparison among three stacked caprock–reservoir systems in different parts of the study area shows that each location in the study area could be appropriate for one of the storage effectiveness metrics. Therefore, we conclude that the screening process to select the best site for CO2sequestration should be based on an evaluation of all three metrics. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hippocampal alterations and functional correlates in adolescents and young adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Fontes Kimberly , Rohlicek Charles V. , Saint‐Martin Christine , Gilbert Guillaume , Easson Kaitlyn , Majnemer Annette , Marelli Ariane , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Brossard‐Racine Marie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairments in individuals living with congenital heart disease (CHD) and the neural correlates of these impairments are not yet fully understood. Recent studies have shown that hippocampal volume and shape differences may provide unique biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders. The hippocampus is vulnerable to early life injury, especially in populations at risk for hypoxemia or hemodynamic instability such as in neonates with CHD. We compared hippocampal gray and white matter volume and morphometry between youth born with CHD (n = 50) aged 16–24 years and healthy peers (n = 48). We also explored whether hippocampal gray and white matter volume and morphometry are associated with executive function and self‐regulation deficits. To do so, participants underwent 3T brain magnetic resonance imaging and completed the self‐reported Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult version. We found that youth with CHD had smaller hippocampal volumes (all statistics corrected for false discovery rate; q < 0.05) as compared to controls. We also observed significant smaller surface area bilaterally and inward displacement on the left hippocampus predominantly on the ventral side (q < 0.10) in the CHD group that were not present in the controls. Left CA1 and CA2/3 were negatively associated with working memory (p < .05). Here, we report, for the first‐time, hippocampal morphometric alterations in youth born with CHD when compared to healthy peers, as well as, structure–function relationships between hippocampal volumes and executive function. These differences may reflect long lasting alterations in brain development specific to individual with CHD.
Evidence for age‐related deficits in object‐location binding during place recognition
Authors: Muffato Veronica , Hilton Christopher , Meneghetti Chiara , De Beni Rossana , Wiener Jan M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDeciding whether a place is the same or different than places encountered previously is a common task in daily navigation which requires to develop knowledge about the locations of objects (object‐location binding) and to recognize places from different perspectives. These abilities rely on hippocampal functioning which is susceptible to increasing age. Thus, the question of the present study is how they both together impact on place recognition in aging. Forty people aged 20–29, 44 aged 60–69, and 32 aged 70–79 were presented with places consisting of four different objects during the encoding phase. In the test phase, they were then presented with a second place and had to decide whether it was the same or different. Test places were presented from different perspectives (0°, 30°, 60°) and with different object conditions (same, a swap of two objects, a substitution with a novel object). The sensitivity for detecting changes (d′) decreased from 20–29 to 60–69 and to 70–79 years old, and with increasing perspective shifts. Importantly, older adults were less sensitive to object swapping than to object substitution, while young participants did not show any difference. Overall, these results suggest specific age‐related difficulties in object‐location binding in the context of place recognition.
Vitamin C and B3 as new biomaterials to alter intestinal stem cells
Authors: Qi Yijun , Lohman Jo , Bratlie Kaitlin M. , Peroutka‐Bigus Nathan , Bellaire Bryan , Wannemuehler Michael , Yoon Kyoung‐Jin , Barrett Terrence A. , Wang Qun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin B3 (niacin) have been extensively studied since the 20th century. In the area of stem cell biology, vitamin C has shown its direct impact toward homeostasis and epigenetic changes (D'Aniello et al., Stem Cells International, 2017, 1–16). Vitamin B3 aids in maintaining healthy intestinal homeostasis and reducing gut inflammation by participating in the rapamycin signaling pathway (Kumar et al., The American Journal of Physiology‐Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2013). In this study, vitamin C and vitamin B3 (600 and 1,200 μg/mL) have been explored as potential new biomaterials to study their effects on four types of intestinal stem cells which are isolated from mice bearing different microbiota. We observed that C3H ASF and 129 ASF IL‐10 are more sensitive towardB7 600 μg/mL vitamin B3 and 1,200 μg/mL vitamin C. The lowest growth rate and viability for all types of organoids was with 1,200 μg/mL vitamin C. From quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis (qPCR analysis), MUC2 was upregulated for 129 ASF and C3H Conv when exposed to 600 μg/mL and 1,200 μg/mL vitamin C. It suggests that large amounts of glycoprotein may be produced after adding high concentrations of vitamin C. Since inflammatory bowel disease has low level of MUC2, this finding may be helpful in restoring mucosal health by upregulating the MUC2 gene while altering patient's microbiota (Sibila et al., Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 2016). These results are expected to have a positive translational impact because this bottom‐up strategy would be instrumental in developing Vitamin C and B3 based orally available therapeutic strategies and formula for advancing the fields of gastrointestinal regenerative medicine.
CEO characteristics, accounting opacity and stock price synchronicity: Empirical evidence from German listed firms
Authors: Neifar Souhir , Ajili Hana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe examine the influence of accounting opacity (earnings management [EM] and tax aggressiveness [TA]) and CEO characteristics (CEO age and tenure) on stock price synchronicity (SPS) of German companies and we test if CEO age and CEO tenure moderate the relation between EM, TA, and SPS. Using the GLS regression, we find that TA and EM have a significant positive effect on SPS. CEO age negatively moderates the relation between TA and SPS. CEO tenure affects positively SPS, but did not moderate neither the relation between EM and SPS nor the relation between TA and SPS. We use several robustness tests that confirm our main analysis.
Dysregulated circRNA_100876 suppresses proliferation of osteosarcoma cancer cells by targeting microRNA‐136
Authors: Jin Jian , Chen Ajuan , Qiu Weizheng , Chen Yilin , Li Qingchu , Zhou Xinying , Jin Dadi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the regulatory mechanism of circRNA_100876/ microRNA‐136 (miR‐136) axis in the development and progression of osteosarcoma cancer. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to evaluate the expression levels of circRNA_100876 and miR‐136 in osteosarcoma cancer samples and the adjacent nontumor tissues. Then, cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration of circRNA_100876‐knocked down cells were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo experiments, using cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), flow cytometry, and transwell and tumorigenesis assays. The expression of circRNA_100876 was found to be significantly upregulated in osteosarcoma, and was closely correlated with the tumor size and tumor differentiation degree. In addition, the knockdown of circRNA_100876 could significantly inhibit the tumor growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis results showed that the downregulation of circRNA_100876 inhibited osteosarcoma cells proliferation via promoting apoptosis and arresting more cells in the G2/M stage, as suggested by the expression of apoptosis and cell cycle pathway‐related proteins, which changed consistently. Furthermore, the level of miR‐136 was negatively correlated with the expression of circRNA_100876, and miR‐136 inhibitors were able to reverse the suppression of cell proliferation induced by silencing circRNA_100876. Our study demonstrates that the dysregulation of circRNA_100876 could induce apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle at G2/M stage, followed by suppression of cell proliferation in osteosarcoma, while silencing miR‐136 could restore the cell growth. Therefore, circRNA_100876 might serve as a promising biomarker and treatment target for osteosarcoma.
Reusable floating polymer nanocomposite photocatalyst for the efficient treatment of dye wastewaters under scaled‐up conditions in batch and recirculation modes
Authors: Das Suman , Mahalingam Hari 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn the last decade, research on floating photocatalysts has increased rapidly with polymer substrates being a popular choice. However, most of the published work is on very small volumes and there is very little work on scale‐up of such systems.RESULTSPolystyrene–titanium dioxide nanocomposite floating films were prepared using a facile solvent casting method and tested for the photocatalytic degradation of four different dyes under UV irradiation. The prepared film was characterised by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) and profilometry. Scale‐up studies were done in batch mode under optimised conditions, and for the larger reactor volume, the effect of recirculation was studied. Complete decolourisation of the model dye (Remazol Turquoise Blue) was observed within 80 min in the scaled‐up batch process. In the recirculation mode, for a much larger volume of the dye solution, around 75% decolourisation in 6 h was observed. The reusability of the photocatalytic film was tested, and the results promise a minimum decolourisation efficiency of around 70%. Finally, total organic carbon (TOC) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) analysis were used to assess the degradation of the dye. The maximum TOC reduction observed was around 25% possibly due to the complex nature of the dye used in this study. The intermediate products of degradation were identified, and a tentative mechanism is suggested.CONCLUSIONThis work demonstrates the recirculation aspects of the photocatalytic reactor under the scaled‐up conditions for a complex dye. The prepared film showed excellent stability with satisfactory wastewater decontamination under UV irradiation even after repeated use. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrastructural changes in colonic epithelial cells in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bochimoto Hiroki , Kondoh Daisuke , Nagata Ryuji , Ishihara Yo , Tomiyasu Jumpei , Han Kyu‐Ho , Shimada Kenichiro , Sasaki Motoki , Kitamura Nobuo , Fukushima Michihiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global, chronic intractable disease. The functions of drugs and food components have been evaluated in models of IBD induced by 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Here, we used transmission (TEM) and osmium‐maceration scanning (SEM) electron microscopy to evaluate the ultrastructure of colonic epithelial cells in rat models of IBD induced by TNBS. Histological evaluation revealed that the intestinal crypts in the most regions of the IBD‐model colons were deformed and we classified them as having high cell migration rates (HMIG). The remaining regions in the intestinal crypts retained a relatively normal structure and we classified them as having low cell migration rates (LMIG). Osmium‐maceration SEM revealed the mucosal fluid flowing in spaces without secretory granules in crypt goblet cells of both HMIG and LMIG regions, indicating the depletion of goblet cell mucin that is found in patients with IBD. The Golgi apparatus in absorptive cells was stacked and curled in both regions. Osmium‐maceration SEM showed membrane network structures resembling endoplasmic reticulum that were large and expanded in absorptive cells with HMIG rather than with LMIG regions in IBD‐model colons. These findings indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with susceptibility to IBD and that the effects of various agents can be evaluated according to endoplasmic reticulum stress revealed by using electron microscopy in models of IBD induced by TNBS.
Colourings of cubic graphs inducing isomorphic monochromatic subgraphs
Authors: Abreu Marién , Goedgebeur Jan , Labbate Domenico , Mazzuoccolo Giuseppe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA ‐bisection of a bridgeless cubic graph is a ‐colouring of its vertex set such that the colour classes have the same cardinality and all connected components in the two subgraphs induced by the colour classes (
monochromatic components in what follows) have order at most . Ban and Linial Conjectured that every bridgeless cubic graph admits a ‐bisection except for the Petersen graph. A similar problem for the edge set of cubic graphs has been studied: Wormald conjectured that every cubic graph with has a
‐edge colouring such that the two monochromatic subgraphs are isomorphic linear forests (ie, a forest whose components are paths). Finally, Ando conjectured that every cubic graph admits a bisection such that the two induced monochromatic subgraphs are isomorphic. In this paper, we provide evidence of a strong relation of the conjectures of Ban‐Linial and Wormald with Ando's Conjecture. Furthermore, we also give computational and theoretical evidence in their support. As a result, we pose some open problems stronger than the above‐mentioned conjectures. Moreover, we prove Ban‐Linial's Conjecture for cubic‐cycle permutation graphs. As a by‐product of studying ‐edge colourings of cubic graphs having linear forests as monochromatic components, we also give a negative answer to a problem posed by Jackson and Wormald about certain decompositions of cubic graphs into linear forests.
Tax Policies and Informality in South Africa
Authors: El Badaoui Eliane , Magnani Riccardo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing a micro–macro simulation approach, we evaluate the effects of different tax policies in South Africa. The country is characterised by a high unemployment rate, while the informal sector remains relatively small. The effects of the simulated tax policies are quantified at the macro level, on the individual's labour supply choices, and on income distribution, inequality and poverty. We find that the equity‐efficiency trade‐off can be improved by introducing a system combining a sufficiently high flat rate and a lump‐sum transfer paid only to formal workers. Interestingly, even though it increases the informal sector, this reform reduces inequality and poverty through a reduction in unemployment. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.