bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Many-body simulation of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of excitons and trions in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Tempelaar Roel , Berkelbach Timothy C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIndications of coherently interacting excitons and trions in doped transition metal dichalcogenides have been measured as quantum beats in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, but the microscopic principles underlying the optical signals of exciton-trion coherence remain to be clarified. Here we present calculations of two-dimensional spectra of such monolayers based on a microscopic many-body formalism. We use a parameterized band structure and a static model dielectric function, although a full ab initio implementation of our formalism is possible in principle. Our simulated spectra are in excellent agreement with experiments, including the quantum beats, while revealing the interplay between excitons and trions in molybdenum- and tungsten-based transition metal dichalcogenides. Quantum beats are confirmed to unambiguously reflect the exciton-trion coherence time in molybdenum compounds, but are shown to provide a lower bound to the coherence time for tungsten analogues due to a destructive interference from coexisting singlet and triplet trions.
AIEE Active Nanoassemblies of Pyrazine Based Organic Photosensitizers as Efficient Metal-Free Supramolecular Photoredox Catalytic Systems
Authors: Dadwal Shruti , Deol Harnimarta , Kumar Manoj , Bhalla Vandana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPyrazine derivatives DIPY, TETPY and CNDIPY have been designed and synthesized which form fluorescent supramolecular assemblies in mixed aqueous media due to their AIEE and ICT characteristics. Among all the derivatives, the assemblies of TETPY and CNDIPY show strong absorption in the visible region with high absorption coefficients, low HOMO-LUMO gap, and high photostability. Further, the supramolecular nanoassemblies of TETPY and CNDIPY show excellent potential to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the visible light irradiation. Owing to their strong absorption in the visible region and ROS generation ability, the supramolecular nanoassemblies of TETPY and CNDIPY act as efficient photoredox catalytic systems for carrying out (a) oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes (b) hydroxylation of boronic acid and (c) oxidative homocoupling of benzylamines under mild conditions such as aqueous media, aerial environment, and natural sunlight as a source of irradiation. All the mechanistic investigations suggest the participation of in-situ generated ROS in the organic transformations upon light irradiation.
Evaluation of a digitally-enabled care pathway for acute kidney injury management in hospital emergency admissions
Authors: Connell Alistair , Montgomery Hugh , Martin Peter , Nightingale Claire , Sadeghi-Alavijeh Omid , King Dominic , Karthikesalingam Alan , Hughes Cian , Back Trevor , Ayoub Kareem , Suleyman Mustafa , Jones Gareth , Cross Jennifer , Stanley Sarah , Emerson Mary , Merrick Charles , Rees Geraint , Laing Chris , Raine Rosalind 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe developed a digitally enabled care pathway for acute kidney injury (AKI) management incorporating a mobile detection application, specialist clinical response team and care protocol. Clinical outcome data were collected from adults with AKI on emergency admission before (May 2016 to January 2017) and after (May to September 2017) deployment at the intervention site and another not receiving the intervention. Changes in primary outcome (serum creatinine recovery to ≤120% baseline at hospital discharge) and secondary outcomes (30-day survival, renal replacement therapy, renal or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, worsening AKI stage and length of stay) were measured using interrupted time-series regression. Processes of care data (time to AKI recognition, time to treatment) were extracted from casenotes, and compared over two 9-month periods before and after implementation (January to September 2016 and 2017, respectively) using pre–post analysis. There was no step change in renal recovery or any of the secondary outcomes. Trends for creatinine recovery rates (estimated odds ratio (OR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.00–1.08, p = 0.038) and renal or ICU admission (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90–1.00, p = 0.044) improved significantly at the intervention site. However, difference-in-difference analyses between sites for creatinine recovery (estimated OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90–1.00, p = 0.053) and renal or ICU admission (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.98–1.16, p = 0.140) were not significant. Among process measures, time to AKI recognition and treatment of nephrotoxicity improved significantly (p < 0.001 and 0.047 respectively).
Differences Between Bimodal and Unimodal Force-time Curves During Countermovement Jump
Authors: Peng Hsien-Te , Song Chen-Yi , Chen Zong-Rong , Wang I-Lin , Gu Chin-Yi , Wang Li-I 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the biomechanical differences between single and double peak ground reaction force-time curves during the countermovement jump with respect to kinematics, kinetics, and coordination of the lower extremities. Twenty-five college students were stratified into a single peak curve group and a double peak curve group. Eight infrared cameras and two force platforms were synchronized to collect the data. Independent t-tests were performed with groups for each dependent kinematic, kinetic and time of the joint extensor concentric contraction variable. Repeated one-way analysis of variance measurements were performed for the time of the ankle, knee and hip extensor concentric contraction in each group. The double peak curve was associated with larger jump height, reactive strength index modified, rate of force development, impulse, hip, knee and ankle flexion, extension angular displacement, and hip and knee moments (p<0.05). The double peak curve group revealed a better hip, knee and ankle (proximal to distal) timing of extensor concentric contractions sequence of the lower extremities during the countermovement jump (p<0.05). The double peak curve group exhibited a more effective countermovement jump movement with respect to biomechanics compared to the single peak curve group.
Anti-plasmodial Effects of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides
Authors: Goodman Christopher Dean , Hoang An Thuy , Diallo Drissa , Malterud Karl Egil , McFadden Geoffrey I. , Wangensteen Helle 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, syn. Fagara zanthoxyloides, is a tree growing in West Africa and is used in traditional medicine against a variety of diseases, including malaria. In the work reported here, root bark and stem bark extracts of this tree, as well as compounds isolated from the extracts, have been investigated for activity in vitro against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, toxicity against nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina has been studied. Dichloromethane extracts of the root bark and stem bark, and a methanol extract of the stem bark, showed anti-parasitic activity towards chloroquine-sensitive as well as chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, with IC50 values between 1 and 10 µg/mL. Among the isolated compounds, bis-dihydrochelerythrinyl ether, buesgenine, chelerythrine, γ-fagarine, skimmianine, and pellitorine were the most active, with IC50 values of less than 5 µg/mL. The dichloromethane extracts were toxic to brine shrimp nauplii, with LC50 values of less than 1 µg/mL. Methanol extracts were much less toxic (LC50 between 50 and 100 µg/mL). Among the isolated substances, bis-dihydrochelethrinyl ether was the most toxic (LC50 ca. 2 µg/mL).
Neue Therapieoptionen mit kontinuierlich gemessenen Glukosedaten – Empfehlungen für die Praxis
Authors: Seufert Jochen , Deiss Dorothee , Gölz Stefan , Haak Thomas , Klausmann Gerhard , Kroeger Jens , Lobmann Ralf , Pfeiffer Andreas F.H. , Schnell Oliver , Seibold Alexander , Siegmund Thorsten , Ziegler Ralph 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungKontinuierliches Glukosemonitoring (Continuous Glucose Monitoring – CGM) ist heute fest in Konsensusempfehlungen und Leitlinien zur Verbesserung der glykämischen Kontrolle bei Menschen mit insulinpflichtigem Diabetes mellitus verankert. In der täglichen Praxis werden im Besonderen HbA1c, Glukosevariabilität und Hypoglykämien durch die Nutzung von CGM positiv beeinflusst. Der Stellenwert von CGM bei Therapieentscheidungen wächst und birgt weitere vielfältige Potenziale. Dieser Übersichtsartikel stellt dar, welche Therapieoptionen auf der Basis von CGM-Daten bestehen, wie das ambulante Glukoseprofil und Trendpfeile Therapieentscheidungen beeinflussen können und welche Schulungskonzepte für Patienten angeboten werden. Auch werden zukünftige Felder für die Anwendung von CGM erörtert und diskutiert.
Replacement Therapy in Patients with Von Willebrand Disease—Indications and Monitoring
Authors: Nowak-Göttl Ulrike , Miesbach Wolfgang , Koscielny Jürgen , Dempfle Carl-Erik , Maegele Marc , Prondzinski Mario von Depka , Westrup Dagmar , Spannagl Michael 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD), replacement therapy may be indicated in the case of spontaneous bleeding, surgical interventions and injuries/trauma or as a prophylaxis of spontaneous bleeding episodes. The deficient von Willebrand factor (VWF) is replaced with or without factor VIII (FVIII). Dual VWF/FVIII concentrates can be beneficial in the case of low FVIII level, while repeated dosing may lead to very high FVIII levels, with a potential thrombogenic effect in individual VWD patients. An excessive FVIII:C increase can be limited by using a VWF product with a low level of FVIII, achieving a haemostatic adequate FVIII:C increase after 6 to 12 hours. Replacement therapy in patients with VWD shall be individualised considering VWD type, history and risk of bleeding and risk of thrombosis, as well as indication and the individually variable VWF and FVIII increase. Deviations from the dosages and minimum trough levels mentioned in guidelines or recommendations can be considered in justified cases. The objective of this review is to provide recommendations for specific constellations of replacement therapy based on the VWD-specific guidelines available in Europe, the available evidence, own experiences and the consensus of the interdisciplinary German author group.
Smoking during Pregnancy and Adverse Birth and Maternal Outcomes in California, 2007 to 2016
Authors: Ratnasiri Anura W.G. , Gordon Lauren , Dieckmann Ronald A. , Lee Henry C. , Parry Steven S. , Arief Vivi N. , DeLacy Ian H. , Lakshminrusimha Satyan , DiLibero Ralph J. , Basford Kaye E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine associations between maternal cigarette smoking and adverse birth and maternal outcomes.
Study Design This is a 10-year population-based retrospective cohort study including 4,971,896 resident births in California. Pregnancy outcomes of maternal smokers were compared with those of nonsmokers. The outcomes of women who stopped smoking before or during various stages of pregnancy were also investigated.
Results Infants of women who smoked during pregnancy were twice as likely to have low birth weight (LBW) and be small for gestational age (SGA), 57% more likely to have very LBW (VLBW) or be a preterm birth (PTB), and 59% more likely to have a very PTB compared with infants of nonsmokers. During the study period, a significant widening of gaps developed in both rates of LBW and PTB and the percentage of SGA between infants of maternal smokers and nonsmokers.
Conclusion Smoking during pregnancy is associated with a significantly increased risk of adverse birth and maternal outcomes, and differences in rates of LBW, PTB, and SGA between infants of maternal smokers and nonsmokers increased during this period. Stopping smoking before pregnancy or even during the first trimester significantly decreased the infant risks of LBW, PTB, SGA, and the maternal risk for cesarean delivery.
Low Bioactive Vitamin D Is Associated with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in a Cohort of Pregnant HIV-Infected Women Sampled Over a 23-Year Period
Authors: Van Winden Kristi R. , Bearden Allison , Kono Naoko , Frederick Toni , Operskalski Eva , Stek Alice , Pandian Raj , Barton Lorayne , Kovacs Andrea 
Published: July 2019

Objective To examine the association of vitamin D insufficiency and risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating the impact of low maternal vitamin D levels on PIH and perinatal outcomes among HIV-infected pregnant women receiving care at an urban HIV center from 1991 to 2014.
Results A total of 366 pregnant women were included, of which 11% developed PIH. Lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and bioactive 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were associated with increased HIV disease activity. 25(OH)D levels were not significantly associated with the incidence of PIH. Higher 1,25(OH)2D levels were associated with reduced incidence of PIH in univariate (odds ratio, OR: 0.87 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.79–0.95], p = 0.004) and multivariate (OR: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.80–0.97], p = 0.010) analyses. No association was found between 25(OH)D levels and other obstetric outcomes. Lower 1,25(OH)2D levels were associated with group B Streptococcus colonization (OR: 0.92 [95% CI: 0.86–0.99]) and low birth weight (LBW) (OR: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.83–0.98]) on multivariate analysis. Mean 1,25(OH)2D levels were significantly lower in women with preterm delivery and LBW infants.
Conclusion Lower bioactive vitamin D levels are related to PIH in HIV-infected women. This association may be related to the coexistence of abnormal placental vitamin D metabolism and abnormal placental implantation.
Frequency characteristics of a gas coupled-cavity ring laser
Authors: Zolotoverkh I.I. , Lariontsev E.G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Based on a theoretical model describing the lasing dynamics in a gas ring laser (GRL) with coupled cavities, we have investigated the frequency characteristics of radiation. The conditions are found under which an increase in the scale factor is the largest. The regime of frequency locking of counterpropagating waves is studied. It is shown that the lock-in region in a GRL with an antiphase optical coupling of the cavities remains the same as without an additional cavity. The conditions are determined under which multistability of the radiation characteristics arises in a coupled-cavity GRL. In the numerical solution of the equations of the considered theoretical model, three branches of the frequency response are found.
Frequency and energy characteristics of a Cu – Ne laser at different durations of the leading edge of the excitation pulse
Authors: Bokhan P.A. , Gugin P.P. , Zakrevskii Dm.E. , Lavrukhin M.A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The lasing characteristics of a copper vapour laser in a tube with forced heating, having a length of 50 cm and a diameter of 2 cm, excited by a train of pulses are investigated. Comparative studies of the frequency and energy characteristics of the laser are performed with a leading edge duration of the excitation pulse of ∼25 ns (when the capacitance discharges through a thyratron and a magnetic compression line) and ∼3 and 1 ns (using circuits with a high-speed switch – kivotron). It is shown that a decrease in the leading edge duration gives rise to an increase in the optimal pulse repetition rate up to ∼30 kHz, the generation efficiency up to 3.2 % and the generation power per unit length over 100 W m−1. The results obtained confirm the concept of limiting the frequency and energy characteristics of a copper vapour laser due to the insufficient rate of energy input into the plasma at high prepulse electron concentrations.
Mapping magnetization states in ultrathin films with Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction
Authors: Kisielewski J , Kisielewski M , Zablotskii V , Dejneka A , Maziewski A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To succeed in the next generation of magnetic storages, nanomagnetic structures must be engineered to allow modulation of magnetization amplitude and spatial period. We demonstrate computationally how magnetic nanostructures states (domains with narrow wall, skyrmions, spin spirals, conical spin spirals, and in-plane magnetization configuration) can be designed in ultrathin films with a Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) by adjusting two material parameters: perpendicular magnetic anisotropy characterized by the quality factor Q, and reduced DMI constant

Δ

. For a broad range of Q and

Δ

parameters, the magnetization states are mapped in (Q,

Δ

) diagrams and characterized by the periodicity (p) of spatial distribution of magnetization and the mean value of the square of an out-of-plane normalized magnetization component

〈

m

z

2

〉

. We explain the transitions between different magnetization states and describe phase transition curves in terms of vanishing of the domain wall energy for both

0
≤
Q
<
1

and Q > 1 cases. We show that by changing

Δ

and/or Q and approaching the phase transition curves, the discontinuous transitions accompanied by jumps of both period and amplitude take place.
High gain millimeter wave leaky wave antennas with low side lobe level of the radiation pattern
Authors: Yuri Nechaev , Alexander Klimov , Anatoly Kuznetsov , Maxim Galuza 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Two linearly polarized millimeter wave planar leaky wave antennas designed for broadside radiation at 61 GHz with high gain and low sidelobes of radiation patterns are presented. Both antennas have a center-fed single-layer structure composed of two one-dimensional periodic symmetric arrays of metal strips of variable width on a grounded dielectric waveguide, but with different excitation devices for the dielectric waveguide, represented by a microstrip combline and a waveguide-fed linear substrate integrated slotted waveguide array. The antennas exhibit low return loss, antenna gain 26-27 dBi and radiation pattern sidelobe level in both E- and H-planes, not exceeding −20 dB. The antennas may be used, for example, in security sensors.
Revealing reproductive efficacy and Hypercholesterolemia status in pregnant rats that treated with ginger
Authors: Shakir Saleh Hazar , Saleh Jawad Inass 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of serious challenge during pregnancy that affects fetuses. This study has been undertaken to explore whether ginger supplementation maintains on delivery offspring in normal numbers and restore normal cholesterol levels in pregnant rats. Forty female rats with age 10 to 12 weeks have been divided into two groups; thirty Hpercholestrolemic pregnant rats and ten healthy pregnant rats. Hpercholestrolemic pregnant rats were equally divided into three groups; first group given normal saline, second group given simvastatin and third group treated with ginger after delivery litter size and weights were estimated for all dams. Dams were sacrificed and livers were removed and weighed, then fixed with 10% formalin and histopathological processing was performed. Results revealed that numbers of offspring in dams treated with ginger were nearby those of control while number of offspring from dams of simvastatin treated groups were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased than those of control group. Histpoathological examination of liver rats of hyperchol+Simvastatin showed obvious dilatation of central hepatic vein and examination of liver in Simvastatin group showed dilatation of central hepatic vein. While histpoathological examination of liver rats of ginger group showed normal radiation of hepatocytes.
Removing Metal Ions of Cobalt (II) from Aqueous Solutions By CaO Nanoparticle
Authors: Alibrahimi Ahmed A. , Toamah W. O. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Colloidal particles of “Calcium0oxide” CaO” nanoparticles0were prepared by the (sol-, gel)method)from(CaCl2). The study focused on the removal of metal Co(II) from aqueous solutions by adsorption process. Powder CaO was calcination at temperature 500oC. The 9 structural (characteristics) of the synthesized sorbent-were investigated, by-means of (X-ray) analysis “XRD” FTIR spectroscopy, “transmission electron microscope” (TEM), “scanning electron microscope” (SEM) and surface area. The effect of various parameters like as the effect of pH (2, 5, 7, 8 and 10), initial concentration for metal ion Co(II) (50-350 mg/L) and temperature difference (5, 25, 45 and 65) oC. Almost complete removal (99 %) of metal ion Co(II) was obtained within 30 min at an optimum adsorbent dose of 0.05 mg for initial Co(II) concentration of 50 mg/L at pH = 7, room temperature (≍ 25oC) were achieved.
Electromagnetic Transitions with Related Quantities for 80Se and 82Kr Nuclei
Authors: Hussain Wisam N. , Hossain I. , Sharrad Fadhil I. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Hamiltonian is determined in the Interacting Boson Model-1 (IBM-1) frame work for 80Se and 82Kr nuclei. Fit values of parameters are used to construct the Hamiltonian, energy levels, electromagnetic transitions (B(E2) and B(M1)) and multipole mixing ratios (E2/M1) for some even-even Se and Kr nuclei. These properties are calculated. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) to the IBM Hamiltonian have been obtained by using the intrinsic coherent state.
Evaluation of parasitic infection in two species of fishes from Euphrates river passing through Al-Muthanna province
Authors: Dakheel Kremsh Alasadiy Yassir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInthe present study, 450 fish samples were collectedwhich included225 individuals of Planiliza abu and 225 individuals of Leuciscus vorax during the period from April 2018 to January 2019 from Euphrates River passing through Al-Mahdi area in Al-Muthanna province by using gill nets. The results of the microscopic examination showed a parasitic infection in gills of both sexes of the two fish species with MyxobolussprostoniShul’man, 1962 of the phylum Myxozoa. Thus, these fishes are considered as two new hosts for this parasite in Iraq. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences at the level of P ≤ 0.05 in the percentage of infection between males and females of both species of fish separately, while a significant difference in the percentage of infection in P. abu compared to L. vorax was detected. The percentage of infection of L. vorax with this parasite was decreased with increasing length group for both sexes and the highest incidence of infection was obtained in the age groupIII+, while the percentage of infection increased with increasing length group of P. abu and the highest incidence of infection was obtained in the age groupII+.
Stereo Images Encryption by OSA & RSA Algorithms
Authors: Alhijaj Asaad A. , Kamil Hussein Marwah 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The proposed new partial encryption schemes use a secure encryption algorithm to encrypt only part of the compressed data. After application of image compression algorithm the partial encryption will applied. For two pairs of different gray scale images with the size (256 ´ 256) pixels, only 0.0244%-25% of the original data is encrypted. As a result, we see a significant reduction of time in the stage of encryption and decryption.In the compression step, the Orthogonal Search Algorithm (OSA) for motion estimation (the different between stereo images) is used. The resulting disparity vector and the remaining image were compressed by Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Quantization and arithmetic encoding. The image compressed was encrypted by RSA algorithm. The decoded images then compared with the original images.Good results showed in the experimental results of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Compression Ratio (CR) and processing time. The proposed schemes of partial encryption are fast, secure and not be reducing in compression performance of the selected compression methods.