bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phyllophaga nitididorsis (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae), the first biennial melolonthid recorded in the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: de Oliveira Charles Martins , Frizzas Marina Regina , Morón Miguel Angel 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPhyllophaga nitididorsis Frey, a species native to Brazil, has recently been recorded as a soil pest in soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. fields in the north‐west region of Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil. Our study aimed to evaluate the phenology of P. nitididorsis in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. The study was conducted in a field (≈300 ha) in Buritis/MG where soybean is sown in October (spring) annually. Monthly (December 2012–November 2014) samples were collected by opening trenches (50 cm × 50 cm and 30 cm in depth), recording the developmental phases of all P. nitididorsis found. Specimens collected from the field were maintained in the laboratory at 25 (±2 °C), and their development was recorded at weekly intervals. Light traps were installed in the states of Minas Gerais, Goiás (GO), and the Federal District (DF) to verify species distribution. P. nitididorsis exhibited a biennial life cycle that lasted approximately 22 months, from egg to inactive adult, and 24 months from egg until the emergence of active adults. Eggs were found in the soil in November. The larval stage lasted about 20 months (≈607 days). Second‐instar and third‐instar larvae constructed chambers in the soil to overwinter during the dry season (March to September) during the first and second years of development, respectively. Pre‐pupae were observed between July and August and pupae between July and September. Inactive adults occurred in August and September, and the swarming period was between October and November. Adult P. nitididorsis were caught in all of the States where light traps were operated. The active phases of the insect (larvae and adults) were synchronised with soybean cultivation and the rainy season (October and March) in the Cerrado. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report P. nitididorsis in the states of Goiás and the Federal District. Further, this species is the first biennial melolonthid observed in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Detecting tumour response and predicting resectability after neoadjuvant therapy for borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Barreto Savio G. , Loveday Benjamin , Windsor John A. , Pandanaboyana Sanjay 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThis systematic review aimed to determine the accuracy of imaging modalities to predict resectability and R0 resection for borderline resectable (BRPC) or locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT).MethodsA systematic search of major databases was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.ResultsFifteen studies identified 995 patients of which 683 had BRPC and 312 LAPC. Computed tomography (CT) scan was the most common modality for re‐staging (n = 14), followed by positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT (n = 3) and endosonography (EUS) (n = 2). Stable disease on RECIST criteria was found in 67% of patients (range 53–80%) with 20% demonstrating reduction in tumour size. A total of 60% of patients underwent surgery post‐NAT (range 31–85%) with a R0 rate of 88% (range 57–100%). Accuracy for predicting R0 resectability and T‐stage on CT scan was 71 and 49%. A reduction in SUVmax on PET‐CT and reduction of tumour stiffness on EUS elastography positively correlated with resectability.ConclusionsMore than half the patients undergo resection post‐NAT for LAPC and BRPC. Stable, or reduction of, tumour disease may predict resectability. Reduction in tumour SUVmax on PET‐CT and decreased tumour stiffness on EUS elastography may be potential markers of NAT response and resectability.
Anatomical variations in the first extensor compartment: a cadaver study
Authors: Xu Hao , Wu Ji‐Xia , Wang Qiang , Gao Zheng‐Yu 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAnatomical variations in the first extensor compartment are associated with the pathogenesis of de Quervain's disease. Here, we report two novel anatomical variations of the first extensor compartment.MethodsThe wrists of two adult cadavers were dissected to reveal the anatomical variations in the first extensor compartment.ResultsIn one of the cadavers, no septum was present in the first extensor compartment. However, the extensor pollicis brevis tendon and its proximal muscle belly were absent. The abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendon had multiple slips, and one of them inserted on the dorsal base of the proximal thumb phalanx. In another cadaver, a septum was present in the first extensor compartment. One of the multiple APL tendon slips ran into the septum alongside the extensor pollicis brevis tendon for 4 mm, which then exited the septum and inserted into the base of the first phalanx together with the APL tendon.ConclusionOur findings may help to improve the awareness of the anatomical variations in the first extensor compartment.
A test of the cumulative effect of river weirs on downstream migration success, speed and mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts: An empirical study
Authors: Newton Matthew , Barry James , Dodd Jennifer A. , Lucas Martyn C. , Boylan Patrick , Adams Colin E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the cumulative impact of weirs on the downstream migration of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in the River Foyle, Northern Ireland. In spring of 2013 fish were released in two tributaries of similar length; one tributary (impacted) had seven low‐head weirs along the migration pathway and the other was devoid of such structures (un‐impacted). Salmon smolts fitted with acoustic transmitters were monitored via a passive acoustic telemetry array during downstream migration. In 2014 the study was repeated only in the impacted tributary. Overall freshwater survival rates were high (>94%). There was no significant difference in mortality, movement pattern, delay or travel speeds between rivers or between years at any phase of migration. Escapement of salmon smolts through Lough Foyle (a marine sea lough) to the open ocean was low, approximately 18% in each year. Escapement did not differ between impacted and un‐impacted rivers. This study showed no postpassage effects of weirs on mortality, migration speed or escapement of downstream migrating smolts. This suggests that the elevated mortality at low‐head obstacles described in other studies is not inevitable in all river systems. Migration through rivers with natural riffle‐pool migration may result in similar effects as those from low‐head weirs. Causes of apparent high mortality in the early part of marine migration in this study, are unknown; however similar studies have highlighted the impact of fish predators on smolts.
Cocaine self‐administration is increased after frontal traumatic brain injury and associated with neuroinflammation
Authors: Vonder Haar Cole , Ferland Jacqueline‐Marie N. , Kaur Sukhbir , Riparip Lara‐Kirstie , Rosi Susanna , Winstanley Catharine A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) has been linked to the development of numerous psychiatric diseases, including substance use disorder. However, it can be difficult to ascertain from clinical data whether the TBI is cause or consequence of increased addiction vulnerability. Surprisingly few studies have taken advantage of animal models to investigate the causal nature of this relationship. In terms of a plausible neurobiological mechanism through which TBI could magnify the risk of substance dependence, numerous studies indicate that TBI can cause widespread disruption to monoaminergic signaling in striatal regions, and also increases neuroinflammation. In the current study, male Long‐Evans rats received either a mild or severe TBI centered over the frontal cortex via controlled cortical impact, and were subsequently trained to self‐administer cocaine over 10 6‐hour sessions. At the end of the study, markers of striatal dopaminergic function, and levels of inflammatory cytokine levels in the frontal lobes, were assessed via western blot and multiplex ELISA, respectively. There was significantly higher cocaine intake in a subset of animals with either mild or severe TBI. However, many animals within both TBI groups failed to acquire self‐administration. Principal components analysis suggested that both dopaminergic and neuroinflammatory proteins were associated with overall cocaine intake, yet only an inflammatory component was associated with acquisition of self‐administration, suggesting neuroinflammation may make a more substantial contribution to the likelihood of drug‐taking. Should neuroinflammation play a causal role in mediating TBI‐induced addiction risk, anti‐inflammatory therapy may reduce the likelihood of substance abuse in TBI populations.
Improvement of medical judgments by numerical training in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zamarian L. , Delazer M. , Ehling R. , Pertl M.‐T. , Bsteh G. , Wenter J. , Glatzl S. , Brenneis C. , Benke T. , Berger T. 
Published: August 2018

Background and purposePeople with multiple sclerosis (MS) have to face important decisions with regard to their medical treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a targeted cognitive training reduces framing effects and thus improves medical judgments.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study enrolling patients with relapsing‐remitting MS and healthy controls (HCs). Participants were randomly assigned to training order A (first week, numerical training; second week, control training) or B (reverse order). The primary endpoint was changed in a framing task score (framing effect). In the framing task, participants evaluated the success of fictive medications on a 7‐point scale. Medications were described in either positive or negative terms.ResultsA total of 37 patients and 73 HCs performed either training order A (n = 56) or B (n = 54). The framing effect decreased after the numerical training regardless of training order. No such decrease was found after the control training. Mean change in framing effect was −0.3 ± 0.8 after the numerical training and 0.03 ± 0.6 after the control training. This specific effect of training type was comparable between groups.ConclusionJudgments of medical information improve in both patients with relapsing‐remitting MS and HCs after a targeted numerical training. Thus, a specific cognitive intervention may help patients making informed decisions.
A demented world: Politics without politics, state without state
Authors: La Torre Massimo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractJohann Huizinga, the great Dutch historian, wrote: ‘We are living in a demented world. And we know it’, pointing to the Schmittian nationalist irrationalism. Nevertheless, this expression might be accommodated to stress a contemporary form of dementia: the dementia of marketing. We are obsessed, made demented, by consumption, and we know it because we go and hunt for it. Classical economics in its neoliberal shift becomes, now, bio‐economics. The institutional venue where this kind of bio‐political commitment has been strongest is that provided by the European Union. The European Union has failed to halt the process of depoliticisation underway in the government of public affairs, contributing, on the contrary, to its encouragement and acceleration. The picture that emerges seems to have thrown us back 100 years, overrunning the defences of the Welfare State against the excesses of the free market and financial capitalism.
Microvascular invasion predicts a poor prognosis of solitary hepatocellular carcinoma up to 2 cm based on propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Wang Han , Wu Meng‐Chao , Cong Wen‐Ming 
Published: August 2018

AimMicrovascular invasion (MVI) is not discussed for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) up to 2 cm in the 8th Edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual. The present study aimed to reappraise the influence of MVI on solitary HCC up to 2 cm in diameter.MethodsBetween January 2010 and December 2012, a retrospective cohort of 496 HCC patients from the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital was analyzed. Propensity score matching was carried out to balance the baseline characteristics. Survival analysis was carried out using the Kaplan–Meier method. Risk factors were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with MVI.ResultsAll patients were classified into either an MVI‐negative group (n = 332) or an MVI‐positive group (n = 164). The MVI‐positive group had poorer recurrence‐free survival and overall survival before and after propensity score matching. The multivariate analysis showed that MVI; being male; increased total bilirubin levels, alanine transaminase levels and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase levels; decreased albumin levels; and HBV DNA load >103 IU/mL were risk factors for recurrence‐free survival. MVI, older age, lower albumin levels, and cirrhosis were risk factors for overall survival. Age <50 years, alpha‐fetoprotein >20 ng/mL, and lack of or an incomplete capsule were significantly independent predictors for MVI.ConclusionsMVI had a negative impact on the prognosis of solitary HCC up to 2 cm after curative hepatectomy. The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system could be improved by subdividing solitary HCC up to 2 cm according to MVI.
Performance of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) infected plants
Authors: Watanabe Luís Fernando Maranho , Bello Vinicius Henrique , De Marchi Bruno Rossitto , Sartori Maria Márcia Pereira , Pavan Marcelo Agenor , Krause‐Sakate Renate 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWhiteflies are important agricultural pests of several crops and cause great economic losses, mainly by the transmission of plant viruses. Among the different species of whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (B biotype) transmit the crinivirus Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV). Previous studies report that virus‐infected plants can influence the attractiveness and the behaviour of different species of whiteflies. In this study, we evaluated the number of eggs, egg hatching rate and emergence of adults of both T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci MEAM1 on ToCV‐infected and healthy tomatoes. In addition, ToCV transmission assays were conducted with both whitefly species. ToCV infection did not influence the number of eggs or egg hatching rate of T. vaporariorum; whereas the emergence of adults was reduced by 37.3% on ToCV‐infected tomatoes. By contrast, ToCV‐infected tomatoes strongly affected the B. tabaci MEAM1 egg hatching rate and emergence of adults with reductions of 41.8% and 92.4%, respectively. Regarding virus transmission, T. vaporariorum transmitted ToCV with lower efficiency (35.7%) than B. tabaci MEAM1 (78.6%). Our data suggest that the performance of T. vaporariorum is less affected than that of B. tabaci MEAM1 when feeding on ToCV‐infected tomato plants.
Nocardia seriolae infection in the cultured eel Anguilla japonica in Korea
Authors: Kim Jin Do , Lee Nam‐Sil , Do Jeung Wan , Kim Myoung Sug , Seo Han Gill , Cho Miyoung , Jung Sung Hee , Han Hyun‐Ja 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMass mortality occurred at an Anguilla japonica eel farm equipped with a recirculating aquaculture system in Gimcheon, Korea, from late spring to early summer 2015. The cumulative 3‐month mortality was 16% (approximately 24,300–150,000 fish). The majority of affected fish displayed ulcerative lesions that progressed to petechial haemorrhages and small white granulomas in the major organs. A Gram‐positive, acid‐fast, nonmotile bacterium was isolated from internal organ lesions. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA identified the species as Nocardia seriolae and the strain was designated EM150506. Afterwards, naïve eels were injected with 1.8 × 107 colony‐forming units per fish to confirm the strain's pathogenicity, which resulted in a 20% mortality rate within 4 weeks. However, surviving fish still exhibited white N. seriolae colonies in internal organs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a N. seriolae infection in cultured eel.
Determinants of attitudes and beliefs toward human papillomavirus infection, cervical cancer and human papillomavirus vaccine among parents of adolescent girls in Mysore, India
Authors: Degarege Abraham , Krupp Karl , Srinivas Vijaya , Ibrahimou Boubakari , Marlow Laura A. V. , Arun Anjali , Madhivanan Purnima 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThis study examined the determinants of attitudes and beliefs about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical cancer and HPV vaccine among parents of adolescent girls in Mysore, India.MethodsA random sample of 800 parents who had at least one adolescent‐aged daughter attending school were recruited for a survey.ResultsMost parents (n = 778; 97.3%) completed the survey. Compared to Hindus, Muslims were more likely to perceive that their daughters are susceptible to HPV infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.87, 8.49) or cervical cancer (aOR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.55, 4.80). However, the likelihood of perceiving that daughters are susceptible to HPV infection (aOR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.98) or cervical cancer (aOR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99) decreased with an increase in the age of the parents. Perceived severity of HPV infection (aOR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.97) and cervical cancer (aOR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.74) was lower among Muslims than Hindus. Muslims had lower odds of believing that HPV vaccine is safe (aOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.25, 0.89) or could protect against cervical cancer (aOR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.48), but were more likely to feel that HPV vaccination may cause girls to become more sexually active (aOR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.39). The odds of believing that HPV vaccine is effective increased with an increase in the age of the parents (aOR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.003, 1.06).ConclusionAmong Indian parents, age and religion of parents are associated with parental attitudes and beliefs about the threat of HPV and cervical cancer as well as the risks and benefits of HPV vaccine.
The emergence of team resilience: A multilevel conceptual model of facilitating factors
Authors: Gucciardi Daniel F. , Crane Monique , Ntoumanis Nikos , Parker Sharon K. , Thøgersen‐Ntoumani Cecilie , Ducker Kagan J. , Peeling Peter , Chapman Michael T. , Quested Eleanor , Temby Philip 
Published: August 2018

With empirical research on team resilience on the rise, there is a need for an integrative conceptual model that delineates the essential elements of this concept and offers a heuristic for the integration of findings across studies. To address this need, we propose a multilevel model of team resilience that originates in the resources of individual team members and emerges as a team‐level construct through dynamic person–situation interactions that are triggered by adverse events. In so doing, we define team resilience as an emergent outcome characterized by the trajectory of a team's functioning, following adversity exposure, as one that is largely unaffected or returns to normal levels after some degree of deterioration in functioning. This conceptual model offers a departure point for future work on team resilience and reinforces the need to incorporate inputs and process mechanisms inherent within dynamic interactions among individual members of a team. Of particular, importance is the examination of these inputs, process mechanisms and emergent states, and outcomes over time, and in the context of task demands, objectives, and adverse events.Practitioner points

Team resilience as a dynamic, multilevel phenomenon requires clarity on the individual‐ and team‐level factors that foster its emergence within occupational and organizational settings.

An understanding of the nature (e.g., timing, chronicity) of adverse events is key to studying and intervening to foster team resilience within occupational and organizational settings.
Adolescent Psychological Functioning and Membership in Latent Adolescent–Parent Communication Dual Trajectory Classes
Authors: Ohannessian Christine McCauley , Vannucci Anna 
Published: August 2018

The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship between adolescents’ psychological functioning (as indicated by depressive symptoms) and substance use (alcohol and drug use) and membership in adolescent–parent communication trajectory subgroups in a large, diverse community sample of adolescents from the United States (n = 1,057; 53% female; 51% Caucasian; Age: M = 16.15, SD = .75). Adolescents completed questionnaires at three annual assessments. Fit indices from parallel process growth mixture models suggested three dual trajectory classes: (1) Average communication with both parents (Average‐Both); (2) Good adolescent–mother and poor adolescent–father communication (Good‐Mom/Poor‐Dad); and (3) Poor adolescent–mother and good adolescent–father communication (Poor‐Mom/Good‐Dad). The trajectory classes differed by gender. In addition, psychological functioning and substance use were differentially related to the trajectory classes.
Comprehension‐Dependent Cortical Activation During Speech Comprehension Tasks with Multiple Languages: Functional Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Lei Miaomei , Miyoshi Toshinori , Niwa Yoshiki , Dan Ippeita , Sato Hiroki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this era of globalization, a second language (which is often English in Japan) has become prevalent and important. To investigate whether cerebral hemodynamics could represent the speech comprehension level of a learned language, we measured the brain activation of 46 non‐fluent Japanese learners of English using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy while performing speech comprehension tasks. Tasks were given in three languages: English (second language), Japanese (native language), and Chinese (unknown language). Analyses of the hemodynamic responses showed that the activated areas for the English task were widely distributed in the bilateral frontal and temporal regions, and this was more evident than for the Japanese and Chinese tasks. This suggests that comprehension of a second language involves more cognitive and/or attentional load. Moreover, particularly in the English tasks, there were significant differences in activations between the cases when participants correctly answered questions and the cases when they did not. These results suggest that the hemodynamic response can provide the information needed to estimate the speech comprehension level of a learned language.