bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An electromagnetic inverse scattering problem for dielectrics that depend on two spatial variables via Eikonal approximation
Authors: Chika Charles E. , Hooshyar M. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA noniterative and efficient method is developed to recover refractive index of a medium which is a function of only two spatial variables from the information on forward scattering amplitude for electromagnetic plane waves incident at different angles and frequencies. To test implementation feasibility of the proposed method and its performance, some preliminary numerical calculations are presented.
An empirical propagation prediction model for urban street canyon environments at 6, 10, and 18 GHz
Authors: Oh Soon‐Soo , Choi Jae‐Won , Lee Hwa‐Choon , Lee Young‐Chul , Cho Byung‐Lok , Lee Il‐Yong , Lim Jong‐Hyuk , Lee Jong‐Il , Park Sung Won 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis Letter proposes site‐general models for urban high‐rise environments based on 6, 10, and 18 GHz measurements. We conducted a measurement campaign using 10‐ and 2‐m‐high omnidirectional antennas for transmitting (Tx) and receiving (Rx) sites, respectively. This Letter reports the path loss and the parameters of the alpha‐beta (AB) and close‐in (CI) models. This Letter also shows the simulation model and its results. The proposed model would be useful for predicting electromagnetic fields located in real environments, and for planning cellular communication services.
A novel Michelson interferometer of high interference degree with the application of bi‐direction erbium‐doped fiber amplifier
Authors: Bian Ji , Li ChuRui , Yan YuZe , Wang Chao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a novel Michelson fiber high‐interference optical structure has been proposed. When an optical amplifier is applied into the interference optical path, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the signal light in the optical path is reduced by the amplifier generates amplifier spontaneous emission (ASE) noise. Through this new type of optical path, the ASE in the interference optical path can be suppressed, the SNR of the signal light can be improved, and a higher degree of interference can be achieved.
38‐GHz SIW filter based on the stepped‐impedance face‐to‐face E‐shaped DGSs for 5G application
Authors: Li Jian , Huang Yongjun , Wang Huiru , Wang Ping , Wen Guangjun 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article, a novel defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed and used to integrate in the metallic layer of millimeter‐wave substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) to form a 38 GHz high‐performance bandpass filter. The lower stopband and upper stopband of the designed bandpass filter are achieved by the nature cutoff frequency of SIW and the band notching property of the new proposed DGS, respectively. Numerical optimizations and experimental demonstrations are carried out to validate the proposed DGS‐inspired SIW filter, and good agreements between simulated and measured results are obtained. The measured results indicate a 3.2 GHz passband centered at 38.2 GHz, and the simulated results show good out‐of‐band rejection performance. The proposed filter can be widely used in the upcoming 5G communications.
A unique anisotropic R2 of collagen degeneration (ARCADE) mapping as an efficient alternative to composite relaxation metric (R2‐R1ρ) in human knee cartilage study
Authors: Pang Yuxi , Palmieri‐Smith Riann M. , Malyarenko Dariya I. , Swanson Scott D. , Chenevert Thomas L. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeAnisotropic transverse R2 (1/T2) relaxation of water proton is sensitive to cartilage degenerative changes. The purpose is to develop an efficient method to extract this relaxation metric in clinical studies.MethodsAnisotropic R2 can be measured inefficiently by standard R2 mapping after removing an isotropic contribution obtained from R1ρ mapping. In the proposed method, named as a unique anisotropic R2 of collagen degeneration (ARCADE) mapping, an assumed uniform isotropic R2 was estimated at magic angle locations in the deep cartilage, and an anisotropic R2 was thus isolated in a single T2W sagittal image. Five human knees from 4 volunteers were studied with standard R2 and R1ρ mappings at 3T, and anisotropic R2 derived from ARCADE on the T2W (TE = 48.8 ms) image from R2 mapping was compared with the composite relaxation (R2 – R1ρ) using statistical analysis including Student's t‐test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.ResultsAnisotropic R2 (1/s) from ARCADE was highly positively correlated with but not significantly different from standard R2 – R1ρ (1/s) in the segmented deep (r = 0.83 ± 0.06; 8.3 ± 2.9 vs. 7.3 ± 1.9, P = .50) and the superficial (r = 0.82 ± 0.05; 3.5 ± 2.4 vs. 4.5 ± 1.6, P = .39) zones. However, after eliminating systematic errors by the normalization in terms of zonal contrast, anisotropic R2 was significantly higher (60.2 ± 18.5% vs. 38.4 ± 16.6%, P < .01) than R2 – R1ρ as predicted.ConclusionThe proposed anisotropic R2 mapping could be an efficient alternative to the conventional approach, holding great promise in providing both high‐resolution morphological and more sensitive transverse relaxation imaging from a single T2W scan in a clinical setting.
Effects of excitation angle strategy on quantitative analysis of hyperpolarized pyruvate
Authors: Walker Christopher M. , Fuentes David , Larson Peder E.Z. , Kundra Vikas , Vigneron Daniel B. , Bankson James A. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeVarious excitation strategies have been proposed for dynamic imaging of hyperpolarized agents such as [1‐13C]‐pyruvate, but the impact of these strategies on quantitative evaluation of signal evolution remains unclear. To better understand their relative performance, we compared the accuracy and repeatability of measurements made using variable excitation angle strategies and conventional constant excitation angle strategies.MethodsSignal evolution for constant and variable excitation angle schedules was simulated using a pharmacokinetic model of hyperpolarized pyruvate with 2 chemical pools and 2 physical compartments. Noisy synthetic data were then fit using the same pharmacokinetic model with the apparent chemical exchange term as an unknown, and fit results were compared with simulation parameters to determine accuracy and reproducibility.ResultsConstant excitations and a variable excitation strategy that maximizes the HP lactate signal yielded data that supported quantitative analyses with similar accuracy and repeatability. Variable excitation angle strategies that were designed to produce a constant signal level resulted in lower signal and worse quantitative accuracy and repeatability, particularly for longer acquisition times.ConclusionsThese results suggest that either constant excitation angle or variable excitation angles that attempt to maximize total signal, as opposed to maintaining a constant signal level, are preferred for metabolic quantification using hyperpolarized pyruvate.
Simultaneous editing of GABA and GSH with Hadamard‐encoded MR spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Chan Kimberly L. , Oeltzschner Georg , Saleh Muhammad G. , Edden Richard A.E. , Barker Peter B. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutathione (GSH) in the human brain using Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of MEGA‐Edited Spectroscopy (HERMES).MethodsPoint RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS)‐localized MRSI was performed in GABA and GSH phantoms and in the human brain (n = 3) using HERMES editing and compared to conventional MEGA editing of each metabolite. Multiplet patterns, signal intensities, and metabolite crosstalk were compared between methods. GABA+ and GSH levels were compared between methods for bias and variability. Linear regression of HERMES‐MRSI GABA+/H2O and GSH/H2O versus gray matter (GM) fraction were performed to assess differences between GM and white matter (WM).ResultsPhantom HERMES‐MRSI scans gave comparable GABA+ and GSH signals to MEGA‐MRSI across the PRESS‐localized volume. In vivo, HERMES‐reconstructed GABA+ and GSH values had minimal measurement bias and variability relative to MEGA‐MRSI. Intersubject coefficients of variation (CV) from two regions within the PRESS‐localized volume for HERMES and MEGA were 6‐12% for GABA+ and 6‐19% for GSH. Interregion CVs were 5–15% for GABA+ and 3–17% for GSH. The GABA+/H2O and GSH/H2O ratios were ~1.8 times higher and ~1.9 times higher, respectively, in GM than in WM.ConclusionHERMES‐MRSI of GABA+ and GSH was found to be practical in the human brain with minimal measurement bias and comparable variability to separate MEGA‐edited acquisitions of each metabolite performed in double the scan time. The HERMES‐MRSI is a promising method for simultaneously mapping the distribution of multiple low‐concentration metabolites.
Imaging of the region of the osteochondral junction (OCJ) using a 3D adiabatic inversion recovery prepared ultrashort echo time cones (3D IR‐UTE‐cones) sequence at 3 T
Authors: Ma Ya‐Jun , Jerban Saeed , Carl Michael , Wan Lidi , Guo Tan , Jang Hyungseok , Bydder Graeme M. , Chang Eric Y. , Du Jiang 
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a 3D adiabatic inversion recovery prepared ultrashort echo time Cones (3D IR‐UTE‐Cones) sequence for high resolution and contrast imaging of the region of osteochondral junction (OCJ) of human knee joint using a clinical 3 T scanner. A feasibility study on direct imaging of the OCJ region was performed on a human patellar cartilage sample and on eight cadaveric knee joints using T1‐weighted, proton density (PD)‐weighted and short‐T2‐weighted 3D IR‐UTE‐Cones sequences. Contrast to noise ratio was measured to evaluate the effectiveness of the 3D IR‐UTE‐Cones sequences for selective imaging of the OCJ region. Computed tomography imaging was performed in parallel for the cadaveric knee joints. The optimized T1‐weighted 3D IR‐UTE‐Cones sequence was used to image the knee joints of eight healthy volunteers and six patients with osteoarthritis (OA) to evaluate morphological changes in the OCJ region. Clinical PD‐ and T2‐weighted FSE sequences were also performed for comparison. The T1‐weighted 3D IR‐UTE‐Cones sequence showed high resolution and contrast bright band of the normal OCJ region in the cadaveric joints. Normal OCJ appearances were also seen in healthy volunteers. Abnormal OCJ regions, manifested as ill‐defined, focal loss or non‐visualization of the high intensity band adjacent to the subchondral bone plate, were observed in the knee joints of both ex vivo and in vivo OA patients. The 3D IR‐UTE‐Cones sequence can image OCJ regions ex vivo and in vivo, with abnormalities depicted with high resolution and contrast. The technique may be useful for demonstrating involvement of OCJ regions in early OA.
Stability and stabilization for a class of complex production processes via LMIs
Authors: Wang Mushu , Xu Zhengguang , Guo Lingli 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper deals with the problem of stability and stabilization for a non‐Newton mechanical system, and the system is described by the so‐called pattern class variable rather than a state or output variable. At the beginning of this paper, the method of pattern‐moving–based dynamics description is introduced, and it describes the dynamic properties of a concerned production process at a larger granularity. Then, a pattern‐moving–based nonlinear state space model is put forward. Moreover, a feature of output‐class partition is defined and extracted, and two constraint conditions are given for the system based on the feature. Through dealing with difference of a Lyapunov function in two cases, new methods of stability and stabilization are proposed by using the LMI and S‐procedure approaches. They guarantee the stability and robust stabilization of the system and present the relationship between the feature of output‐class partition and system stability. A sintering process and numerical examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.
Design of a Prediction Model for the Differentiation of Pasteurized Milk from Heated ESL Milk by Peptide Profiling
Authors: Dalabasmaz Sevim , Pischetsrieder Monika 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study designs a prediction model to differentiate pasteurized milk from heated extended shelf life (ESL) milk based on milk peptides. For this purpose, quantitative peptide profiles of a training set of commercial samples including pasteurized (n = 20), pasteurized‐ESL (n = 13), and heated‐ESL (n = 16) milk are recorded by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). Seven peptides are selected as putative markers, and cutoff levels and performance measures of each marker are defined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The accuracy of these peptides in the training set range between 71% and 90%. A prediction model is established based on the combined cutoff levels and evaluated by an independent blind test set. The processing method of 19 out of 20 unknown milk samples is predicted correctly achieving 95% accuracy. Five peptides of the prediction model are identified as αS1‐casein182–199 (m/z 2014.0), αS1‐casein180–199 (m/z 2216.1), αS1‐casein1–24 (m/z 2910.6), β‐casein108–125 (m/z 2126.0), and β‐casein106–125 (m/z 2391.2) indicating thermal release and the action of plasmin and cathepsins. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the milk peptide profile reflects even minor differences in production parameters.
On the Need to Develop Guidelines for Characterizing and Reporting Intrinsic Disorder in Proteins
Authors: Vincent Michael , Uversky Vladimir N. , Schnell Santiago 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the early 2000s, numerous computational tools have been created and used to predict intrinsic disorder in proteins. At present, the output from these algorithms is difficult to interpret in the absence of standards or references for comparison. There are many reasons to establish a set of standard‐based guidelines to evaluate computational protein disorder predictions. This viewpoint explores a handful of these reasons, including standardizing nomenclature to improve communication, rigor and reproducibility, and making it easier for newcomers to enter the field. An approach for reporting predicted disorder in single proteins with respect to whole proteomes is discussed. The suggestions are not intended to be formulaic; they should be viewed as a starting point to establish guidelines for interpreting and reporting computational protein disorder predictions.
A detailed theoretical simulation about the excited state dynamical process for the novel (benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenol molecule
Authors: Zhang Qiaoli , Zhang Tianjie , Cheng Shibo , Yang Guang , Jia Min , Song Xiaoyan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGiven that molecular excited state dynamical process plays important roles in designing and developing novel applications in recent years. In this work, based on density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods, we theoretically explored the novel (benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)phenol (HBT‐Cz) system about its excited state behaviors. Via simulating the electrostatic potential surface (EPS) of HBT‐Cz structure, we confirm the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond O2—H3···N4 in the S0 state. Our theoretical dominating bond lengths, bond angles, and the infrared (IR) vibrational spectra involved in hydrogen bond demonstrate that O2—H3···N4 should be strengthened in the S1 state. Upon the photoexcitation, we find the charge transfer characteristics around hydrogen bonding moieties play important roles in facilitating excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) process. Via constructing potential energy curves, we confirm the ESIPT reaction that further explains previous experimental phenomenon. Moreover, we also search the S1‐state transition state (TS) structure along with ESIPT path, based on which we simulate the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) path. Combing with the atom‐centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) molecular dynamics simulation, we further confirm the ESIPT mechanism presented in this work. We sincerely hope that our theoretical work could guide novel applications based on HBT‐Cz system in future.
Local design of distributed H∞‐consensus filtering over sensor networks under multiplicative noises and deception attacks
Authors: Han Fei , Dong Hongli , Wang Zidong , Li Gongfa 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the local design of the distributed H∞‐consensus filtering problem for a class of discrete time‐varying systems subject to both multiplicative noises and deception attacks over sensor networks. The target plant and the measuring sensors are disturbed by multiplicative noises with known statistics. The malicious signal involved in deception attacks is constrained by a specific sector‐like bounded condition, which reflects certain tolerable bound on the difference between the attack signal and the true signal. Attention is paid to the design of filter gains for guaranteeing a desirable filtering performance that simultaneously characterizes the filtering accuracy and the consensus requirement. To handle the proposed filtering problem, the supply rate function is firstly chosen for each node and then the dissipation matrix is constructed as a column substochastic matrix based on the stochastic vector dissipation theory. Subsequently, sufficient conditions by means of recursive linear matrix inequalities are presented for each node such that the filtering error and the consensus error satisfy the desirable H∞‐consensus performance index over a finite horizon. Finally, an illustrative simulation is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed filter strategy.
Switched adaptive control for a class of switched nontriangular nonlinear systems with vanishing control gains
Authors: Xie Jing , Yang Dong , Zhao Jun 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the adaptive control problem for a class of switched nontriangular nonlinear systems is investigated, which allows the control gains to vanish at some points. Neither the triangular structure nor the solvability of the adaptive control problem is required for each subsystem. A key point of this work is to solve the adaptive control problem of switched nontriangular nonlinear systems with vanishing control gains by the dual design of the controllers and switching signals. To this end, firstly, a hysteresis‐type control gains‐dependent switching law is designed, which makes the control gain of the active subsystem not vanish and thus the associated designed control input can enter into the active subsystem. Moreover, the designed switching law guarantees a dwell time between any adjacent switching instants, which rules out the Zeno behavior. Secondly, when the adaptive control problem of each subsystem is unsolvable, a sufficient condition ensuring the solvability of the adaptive control problem of switched nontriangular nonlinear systems is developed even if no control input can enter into subsystems at some points. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed result is illustrated by two examples.
Efficient peroxymonosulfate activation by Zn/Fe metal–organic framework‐derived ZnO/Fe3O4@carbon spheres for the degradation of Acid Orange 7
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhang Jing , Huang Xue , Wu Qing Ping , Yan Chun Hui , Lu Jin Feng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZnO/Fe3O4@carbon spheres, which synthesized via a calcination process used Zn/Fe metal–organic frameworks (Zn/Fe–MOFs) as a precursor, were studied for the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7). The ZnO/Fe3O4@carbon spheres exhibited relatively high catalytic degradation properties for AO7 in an aqueous solution. The AO7 degradation reached 93.6% in 15 min under the conditions: 0.20 g/L ZnO/Fe3O4@carbon spheres, 1.25 mmol/L PMS, 0.03 mmol/L AO7, and initial pH of 4. Findings revealed that higher ZnO/Fe3O4@carbon spheres dose and PMS concentration, lower initial AO7 concentration, and acidic pH favored the AO7 degradation to a certain extent. The mechanisms for the activation of PMS by ZnO/Fe3O4@carbon spheres were proposed based on the results of radical identification tests and structure characterization. Both radical and nonradical pathways contribute to the AO7 degradation in this system.Practitioner points

PMS + ZnO/Fe3O4@carbon spheres system can effectively catalyze PMS to decompose AO7.

Both radical and nonradical pathways contribute to the degradation of AO7 in this system.

The acidic condition was favorable for the activation of PMS.
Roma Westward Migration in Europe: Rethinking Political, Social, and Methodological Challenges
Authors: Piemontese Stefano , Magazzini Tina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe idea for this book stemmed from two symposia that brought together scholars from a range of different countries and disciplines to reflect upon the political and legal context of the mobility of Romani citizens in Europe. Our interest in this topic started with the adoption of a EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies in 2011, when Member States were requested to develop integration strategies that were explicitly yet not exclusively targeted at their Roma populations (European Commission 2011). Even though this policy scheme represented an effort to overcome the inadequacies of the anti-discrimination directives to address the social and institutional discrimination suffered by Roma people in Europe, tangible results of such measures have so far been lacking. The symposia, titled “Roma Westward Migration in Europe: Rethinking Political, Social, and Methodological Challenges”, addressed the emergence of Roma-specific policies alongside an increasing concern about migration and diversity management. The drive to bring together different disciplinary and methodological approaches to “Roma migration” in Europe, and to explore how such phenomenon has been narrated, policed, politicized or ignored was – and is – rooted in four main considerations. Firstly, we are convinced that putting the focus squarely on the so-called “Roma westward migration” and problematizing the assumptions that underpin such a label contributes to uncover the structural inconsistencies of the European “Roma integration” framework and to question its overall political approach. Secondly, the intersections and overlaps between the categories of “Roma” and of “migrants” show how the classifications of deservingness and of access to welfare resources have shifted in recent years, making explicit the under-studied link between inclusive and securitarian policies. Thirdly, we believe that “Roma migration” provides a unique testing ground to understand how those portrayed as “the others” in contemporary Europe cope and develop counter-strategies in a system in which their options are limited. Fourthly and finally, we strongly support ethnographic accounts as a useful means to evaluate public policies at the local level, as they offer rich data that cannot be captured by national statistics or by surveys alone.