bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease burden of liver cancer in China from 1997 to 2016: an observational study based on the Global Burden of Diseases
Authors: Ding Cheng , Fu Xiaofang , Zhou Yuqing , Liu Xiaoxiao , Wu Jie , Huang Chenyang , Deng Min , Li Yiping , Li Lanjuan , Yang Shigui 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the trends in disease burden and the epidemiological features of liver cancer in China while identifying potential strategies to lower the disease burden.DesignObservational study based on the Global Burden of Diseases.ParticipantsData were publicly available and de-identified and individuals were not involved.Measurement and methodsTo measure the liver cancer burden, we extracted data from the Global Health Data Exchange using the metrics of prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Joinpoint and negative binomial regressions were applied to identify trends and risk factors.ResultsFrom 1997 to 2016, the prevalence, incidence, mortality and DALYs of liver cancer in China were from 28.22/100 000 to 60.04/100 000, from 27.33/100 000 to 41.40/100 000, from 27.40/100 000 to 31.49/100 000 and from 10 311 308 to 11 539 102, respectively. The prevalence, incidence and mortality were increasing, with the average annual percent changes (AAPCs) of 4.0% (95% CI 3.9% to 4.2%), 2.1% (95% CI 2.0% to 2.2%) and 0.5% (95% CI 0.2% to 0.9%), respectively. Meanwhile, the rate of DALYs was stable with the AAPCs of −0.1% (95% CI −0.4% to 0.3%). The mortality-to-incidence ratio of liver cancer decreased from 1.00 in 1997 to 0.76 in 2016 (β=−0.014, p<0.0001). Males (OR: 2.98, 95% CI 2.68 to 3.30 for prevalence, OR: 2.45, 95% CI 2.21 to 2.71 for incidence) and the elderly individuals (OR: 1.57, 95% CI 1.55 to 1.59 for prevalence, OR: 1.58, 95% CI 1.56 to 1.60 for incidence) had a higher risk. Hepatitis B accounted for the highest proportion of liver cancer cases (55.11%) and deaths (54.13%).ConclusionsThe disease burden of liver cancer continued to increase in China with viral factors as one of the leading causes. Strategies such as promoting hepatitis B vaccinations, blocking the transmission of hepatitis C and reducing alcohol consumption should be prioritised.
Theory-based self-management intervention to improve adolescents’ asthma control: a cluster randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Harris Katherine , Mosler Gioia , Grigg Jonathan 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionAsthma-related morbidity and mortality in the UK is higher than elsewhere in Europe. Although the reasons for this are largely unclear, one explanation could be a higher prevalence of poorly controlled asthma in the UK. Findings from our earlier study found that, in a sample of 766 children with asthma, 45.7% had poorly controlled asthma. Our earlier study also showed that adherence to inhaled corticosteroids was low. Subsequent focus groups identified concerns regarding embarrassment and bullying as barriers to adherence, as well as forgetfulness and incorrect medication beliefs. Following this, a school-based self-management intervention has been developed, aimed to improve asthma control and self-management behaviours.Methods and analysisThe theory-based cluster randomised controlled trial tests an intervention comprising two components: (1) a theatre workshop for all children in years 7 and 8, and (2) self-management workshops for children with asthma. The COM-B model was used to guide the development of the intervention. Questionnaire data will be collected in schools at baseline, immediately post intervention, and 3, 6 and 12 months post intervention. The data collected at 6 months will measure the effect of the intervention against the baseline data. The primary outcome will be asthma control, measured using the Asthma Control Test. All the data will be analysed quantitatively using generalised linear and non-linear mixed effects models.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained by the Queen Mary University of London Ethics Committee on 12 April 2018. Regular meetings will be held with key patient and public stakeholders to plan the key messages from this research. Key messages from the study will also be tweeted via the project twitter account (@SchoolsAsthma). The findings of the study will be submitted for presentation at conferences, as well as written into a manuscript.Trial registration numberMGU0400
Realist evaluation of cancer rehabilitation services in South Wales (REEACaRS): a mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Csontos Judit Katalin , Fitzsimmons Deborah , Jones Mari , Wilkinson Wendy M , Horton Joanne , Love-Gould Lisa , Tee Anna , Watts Tessa 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionLong-term and late effects of cancer treatments can cause functional limitations and reduce quality of life. Cancer rehabilitation services, which can comprise physical exercise, psychological support and educational interventions depending on the individual’s needs, have been found to have a positive effect on health-related quality of life worldwide. However, accessibility or the lack of awareness on available help can act as barriers and influence the uptake of services, resulting in people having unmet rehabilitation needs. In Wales, UK, 41% of people, who have had health and social care needs resulting from cancer and its treatments, reported that they did not receive care when needed. The reason for this lack of support has not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the conditions in which cancer rehabilitation services work and their underpinning mechanisms in South Wales, UK, specifically addressing barriers, facilitators and costs.Methods and analysisRealist evaluation, which explains for whom a service works in what circumstances and how through context-mechanism-outcome pattern conjunctions, will be used in three phases to investigate the conditions in which cancer rehabilitation services work and their underpinning mechanisms. Phase 1 will be secondary analysis of a cancer rehabilitation database from a local Health Board to give context to who are accessing rehabilitation. Phase 2 will be thematic analysis of face-to-face, semistructured rehabilitation participant (n=20) and healthcare professional (n=20) interviews to explore the mechanisms of how cancer rehabilitation works. Phase 3 will be two case studies and cost-consequences analysis of cancer rehabilitation services.Ethics and disseminationThis study received favourable ethical opinion from London South-East Research Ethics Committee (17/LO/2123) in December 2017. This project is part of the author’s PhD thesis and it is expected that the findings will be disseminated in academic journals and at local and international conferences.
What US hospitals are currently doing to prevent common device-associated infections: results from a national survey
Authors: Saint Sanjay , Greene Michael Todd , Fowler Karen E , Ratz David , Patel Payal K , Meddings Jennifer , Krein Sarah L 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundDespite focused initiatives to reduce device-associated infection among hospitalised patients, the practices US hospitals are currently using are unknown. We thus used a national survey to ascertain the use of several established and novel practices to prevent device-associated infections.MethodsWe mailed surveys to infection preventionists in a random sample of nearly 900 US acute care hospitals in 2017. Our survey asked about the use of practices to prevent three common device-associated infections: catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Using sample weights, we estimated the percentage of hospitals reporting regular use of each practice. We also conducted multivariable regression to determine associations between selected hospital characteristics (eg, perceived support from leadership) and use of CAUTI, CLABSI and VAP prevention practices.ResultsThe response rate was 59%. Several practices are reportedly used in over 90% of US hospitals: aseptic technique during indwelling urethral catheter insertion and maintenance (to prevent CAUTI); maximum sterile barrier precautions during central catheter insertion and alcohol-containing chlorhexidine gluconate for insertion site antisepsis (to prevent CLABSI); and semirecumbent positioning of the patient (to prevent VAP). Antimicrobial devices are used in the minority of hospitals for these three device-associated infections.ConclusionsWe provide an updated snapshot of the practices US hospitals are currently using to prevent device-associated infections. Compared with previous studies using a similar design and questions, we found that the use of recommended practices increased in US hospitals, especially for CAUTI prevention.
Production Application Performance Data Streaming for System Monitoring
Authors: Izadpanah Ramin , Allan Benjamin A. , Dechev Damian , Brandt Jim 
Published: April 2019

In this article, we present an approach to streaming collection of application performance data. Practical application performance tuning and troubleshooting in production high-performance computing (HPC) environments requires an understanding of how applications interact with the platform, including (but not limited to) parallel programming libraries such as Message Passing Interface (MPI). Several profiling and tracing tools exist that collect heavy runtime data traces either in memory (released only at application exit) or on a file system (imposing an I/O load that may interfere with the performance being measured). Although these approaches are beneficial in development stages and post-run analysis, a systemwide and low-overhead method is required to monitor deployed applications continuously. This method must be able to collect information at both the application and system levels to yield a complete performance picture.In our approach, an application profiler collects application event counters. A sampler uses an efficient inter-process communication method to periodically extract the application counters and stream them into an infrastructure for performance data collection. We implement a tool-set based on our approach and integrate it with the Lightweight Distributed Metric Service (LDMS) system, a monitoring system used on large-scale computational platforms. LDMS provides the infrastructure to create and gather streams of performance data in a low overhead manner. We demonstrate our approach using applications implemented with MPI, as it is one of the most common standards for the development of large-scale scientific applications.We utilize our tool-set to study the impact of our approach on an open source HPC application, Nalu. Our tool-set enables us to efficiently identify patterns in the behavior of the application without source-level knowledge. We leverage LDMS to collect system-level performance data and explore the correlation between the system and application events. Also, we demonstrate how our tool-set can help detect anomalies with a low latency. We run tests on two different architectures: a system enabled with Intel Xeon Phi and another system equipped with Intel Xeon processor. Our overhead study shows our method imposes at most 0.5% CPU usage overhead on the application in realistic deployment scenarios.
Methylation of C/EBPα by PRMT1 Inhibits Its Tumor-Suppressive Function in Breast Cancer
Authors: Liu Li-Ming , Sun Wen-Zheng , Fan Xue-Zhe , Xu Ya-Li , Cheng Mo-Bin , Zhang Ye 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

C/EBPα is an essential transcription factor involved in regulating the expression or function of certain cell-cycle regulators, including in breast cancer cells. Although protein arginine methyltransferases have been shown to play oncogenic roles in a variety of cancers, little is known about the role of arginine methylation in regulating the antiproliferation activity of C/EBPα. Here, we report that the protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) is overexpressed in human breast cancer and that elevated PRMT1 correlates with cancer malignancy. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that knockdown of PRMT1 in breast cancer cells is accompanied by a decrease in the expression of pro-proliferative genes, including cyclin D1. Furthermore, tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry identified PRMT1 as a component of the C/EBPα complex. C/EBPα associated with and was methylated by PRMT1 at three arginine residues (R35, R156, and R165). PRMT1-dependent methylation of C/EBPα promoted the expression of cyclin D1 by blocking the interaction between C/EBPα and its corepressor HDAC3, which resulted in rapid growth of tumor cells during the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Inhibition of PRMT1 significantly impeded the growth of cancer cells from patients with triple-negative breast cancer. This evidence that PRMT1 mediates C/EBPα methylation sheds light on a novel pathway and potential therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Significance:
This study provides novel mechanistic insight of the role of the arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 in breast cancer pathogenesis.
Positron Emission Tomography Detects In Vivo Expression of Disialoganglioside GD2 in Mouse Models of Primary and Metastatic Osteosarcoma
Authors: Butch Elizabeth R. , Mead Paul E. , Amador Diaz Victor , Tillman Heather , Stewart Elizabeth , Mishra Jitendra K. , Kim Jieun , Bahrami Armita , Dearling Jason L.J. , Packard Alan B. , Stoddard Shana V. , Vāvere Amy L. , Han Yuanyuan , Shulkin Barry L. , Snyder Scott E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

The cell membrane glycolipid GD2 is expressed by multiple solid tumors, including 88% of osteosarcomas and 98% of neuroblastomas. However, osteosarcomas are highly heterogeneous, with many tumors exhibiting GD2 expression on &lt;50% of the individual cells, while some tumors are essentially GD2-negative. Anti-GD2 immunotherapy is the current standard of care for high-risk neuroblastoma, but its application to recurrent osteosarcomas, for which no effective therapies exist, has been extremely limited. This is, in part, because the standard assays to measure GD2 expression in these heterogeneous tumors are not quantitative and are subject to tissue availability and sampling bias. To address these limitations, we evaluated a novel, sensitive radiotracer [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A to detect GD2 expression in osteosarcomas (six patient-derived xenografts and one cell line) in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). Tumor uptake of the radiolabeled, humanized anti-GD2 antibody [64Cu]Cu-Bn-NOTA-hu14.18K322A was 7-fold higher in modestly GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32% GD2-positive cells) than in a GD2-negative tumor (9.8% vs. 1.3% of the injected dose per cc, respectively). This radiotracer also identified lesions as small as 29 mm3 in a 34% GD2-positive model of metastatic osteosarcoma of the lung. Radiolabeled antibody accumulation in patient-derived xenografts correlated with GD2 expression as measured by flow cytometry (Pearson r = 0.88, P = 0.01), distinguishing moderately GD2-expressing osteosarcomas (32%–69% GD2-positive cells) from high GD2 expressors (&gt;99%, P &lt; 0.05). These results support the utility of GD2 imaging with PET to measure GD2 expression in osteosarcoma and thus maximize the clinical impact of anti-GD2 immunotherapy.

Significance:
In situ assessment of all GD2-positive osteosarcoma sites with a novel PET radiotracer could significantly impact anti-GD2 immunotherapy patient selection and enable noninvasive probing of correlations between target expression and therapeutic response.
The Cancer Editome Atlas: A Resource for Exploratory Analysis of the Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editome in Cancer
Authors: Lin Chui-Hsien , Chen Sean Chun-Chang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Increasing evidence has suggested a role for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in carcinogenesis. However, the clinical utility of RNA editing remains limited because functions of the vast majority of editing events remain largely unexplored. To help the cancer research community investigate functional consequences of individual editing events, we have developed a user-friendly bioinformatic resource, The Cancer Editome Atlas (TCEA; http://tcea.tmu.edu.tw). TCEA characterizes &gt;192 million editing events at &gt;4.6 million editing sites from approximately 11,000 samples across 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Clinical information, miRNA expression, and alteration in miRNA targeting modulated through RNA editing are also integrated into TCEA. TCEA supports several modules to search, analyze, and visualize the cancer editome, providing a solid basis for investigating the oncogenic mechanisms of RNA editing and expediting the identification of therapeutic targets in cancer.

Significance:
This user-friendly bioinformatic resource reduces the barrier to analyzing the huge and complex cancer RNA editome that cancer researchers face and facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
LCL161, a SMAC-mimetic, Preferentially Radiosensitizes Human Papillomavirus–negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Linlin , Kumar Bhavna , Shen Changxian , Zhao Songzhu , Blakaj Dukagjin , Li Tianyun , Romito Mitchell , Teknos Theodoros N. , Williams Terence M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Targeting inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) with second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (SMAC) mimetics may promote cancer cell death. We tested whether cIAP1 predicts poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and whether a novel Smac-mimetic, LCL161, could radiosensitize human papillomavirus–positive (HPV+) and -negative (HPV−) HNSCC. The association of BIRC2 (encoding cIAP1) mRNA level with HPV status in HNSCC was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. cIAP1 was assessed by IHC on an HNSCC tissue microarray (TMA, n = 84) followed by correlation analysis with HPV status and patient outcomes. Human cell culture and animal models of HNSCC were used to analyze the outcome and molecular characteristics following radiotherapy in combination with LCL161. cIAP1 expression is increased in HPV− compared with HPV+HNSCC tumors in the TCGA database. In our TMA, cIAP1 was overexpressed in HNSCC compared with normal tissues (P = 0.0003) and associated with a poor overall survival (P = 0.0402). cIAP1 levels were higher in HPV− than that in HPV+HNSCC tumors (P = 0.004) and patients with cIAP1+/HPV− HNSCC had the worst survival. LCL161 effectively radiosensitized HPV− HNSCC cells, which was accompanied with enhanced apoptosis, but not HPV+ HNSCC cells. Importantly, LCL161 in combination with radiotherapy led to dramatic tumor regression of HPV− HNSCC tumor xenografts, accompanied by cIAP1 degradation and apoptosis activation. These results reveal that cIAP1 is a prognostic and a potential therapeutic biomarker for HNSCC, and targeting cIAP1 with LCL161 preferentially radiosensitizes HPV− HNSCC, providing justification for clinical testing of LCL161 in combination with radiation for patients with HPV− HNSCC.
Improvement of Power Quality Using Fuzzy Controlled D-STATCOM in Distribution System
Authors: Santhosh Kumar B. , Madhu Sahu K.B. , Saikiran K.B. , Krishna Rao CH. 
Published: April 2019

This paper investigates the problems associated with distribution system in terms of delivery of clean power and their solutions. Power quality has become a major issue in the present power system network. The network has mostly inductive nature. This draws more reactive power. This causes harmonics and voltage unbalance problems. So maintain the proper operation of interconnected power system, we are using one of the facts devices such as fuzzy controlled D-statcom. It provides suitable compensation and there by maintain proper power factor and also reduces harmonic contents. The simulation is taken out by MATLAB/SIMULINK and the result shows the effectiveness of GA (Genetic algorithm) simulation. Optimized Fuzzy controlled D-STATCOM for improvement of power quality.
A New Frequency for Offshore Wind-farm Based on Component Loss Calculation
Authors: Srilakshmi Koganti , Aravindhababu P. , Ravi Babu P. 
Published: April 2019

<span lang="EN-IN">Offshore wind power plants are gaining importance in recent years, as there is adequate space available for its installation, high wind speed, no restriction on the size of turbine blades (no transportation and construction problem) and blades can be allowed to rotate at higher speed without any noise constraint, thereby increasing the rated power. However, the existing offshore wind farms face greater cost related challenges than those of onshore plants. The integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid is a complex issue. Feasible solutions for power transmission through cables from offshore wind farms to onshore are HVAC, line commutated HVDC and VSC-HVDC. This paper analyses the various schemes for integration of offshore wind farm with onshore power grid and suggests that LFAC with submarine cable operating at 0.7 Hz is an optimal choice in obtaining better performances. </span>
Programmable Automation Controller Mechatronic Experiment
Authors: Gross Thomas , Anderson Kevin , Tsuchiya Nolan 
Published: April 2019

This paper describes the use of the OPTO-22 Programmable Automation Controller (PAC) Learning center in the undergraduate control systems course at California State Polytechnic University at Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). The OPTO-22 PAC System is an integrated system of hardware and software used for industrial control, remote monitoring, and data acquisition applications. The paper compares the pros and cons of using a PAC versus Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) systems. The paper introduces the flowchart based programming environment used in PACs. The paper includes an illustrative example of how the OPTO-22 PAC system can be interfaced to an industrial based Mechatronics pick-and-place robot station. This example details the input/output interfaces of the OPTO-22 PAC unit and the SUN Equipment Mecahtronics pick and place robot unit. Details of the flow chart programming and I/O interfacing protocols are given in the paper. The I/O configuration dialog in the OPTO-22 PAC development environment are also presented in this paper.
Implementing 3D Printer to Produce Parts in Medical Applications
Authors: Johnson Roger , Taylor Charles , Massiha G. H. 
Published: April 2019

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this project is to show the ability of a 3D printer to produce temporary parts, molds, and jigs for industrial applications. In the industry, it is common for any replacement parts to be milled by a CNC machine or a large inventory of replacement parts to be kept on standby. This represents an underutilization of company capital. This is because there should either be a CNC machine delegated to remake the part, while the other machine is down, or have capital dumped into parts that will not be utilized until a part breaks. A 3D printer can create a temporary part that can take the place of the broken one until another, more permanent, one can be produced or ordered. Although, if this was the only thing it would be used for it also would be underutilized and not bringing out its full potential. It can also make jigs in a fraction of the time, and cost in materials, it would take for a CNC machine to mill it from metal. This increases flexibility of the 3D printer and does not leave it underutilized, thus not being capital that is underutilized.</p>