bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static Characteristics Analysis and Research on the Energy-Storage Flywheel Rotor Based on Finite Element
Authors: Zhang Xiu-hua , Song Kang-jie , Pu Jiang , Su Ya-feng , Feng Zhi-guo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The energy-storage flywheel system has been becoming a kind of energy storage device with broad application prospect. It has the advantages of high energy storage density, high power, high efficiency, short charging time, long life, etc. In order to prevent energy storage flywheel system components deformation or failure under high speed, the static characteristic analyses on the flywheel rotor were done respectively under two types of the permanent magnet don’t act on the rotor internal wall and the permanent magnet acts on the rotor internal wall, the deformation, equivalent stress, tangential stress, radial stress of the rotor were researched. The work can provides certain reference for the structure design, optimization design of the flywheel system.
Physical properties of Ti3SiC2/Zr heterojunction under hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Li Y , Mao C , Tu R , Xue L , Li H , Wang J , Chen Z , Ni H , Hu Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The geometric structure, elastic constants and electronic properties of Ti3SiC2/Zr heterojunctions under high hydrostatic pressure (0-10GPa) were investigated by first-principles calculations. It’s found that the increase of hydrostatic pressure loaded on the Ti3SiC2/Zr heterojunctions induces the monotonically decrease of their lattice parameters. Under hydrostatic pressure below 10GPa, the Ti3SiC2/Zr heterojunction is stable and its elastic properties change linearly with pressure. Ti3SiC2/Zr heterojunction under hydrostatic pressure is found to be ductile material, and its anisotropy is weak. Finally, Ti3SiC2/Zr heterojunction under hydrostatic pressure retains metallic properties, and hydrostatic pressure slightly changes the band structure of Ti3SiC2/Zr heterojunction.
Look4TRs: a de novo tool for detecting simple tandem repeats using self-supervised hidden Markov models
Authors: Velasco Alfredo , James Benjamin T , Wells Vincent D , Girgis Hani Z 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Simple tandem repeats, microsatellites in particular, have regulatory functions, links to several diseases and applications in biotechnology. There is an immediate need for an accurate tool for detecting microsatellites in newly sequenced genomes. The current available tools are either sensitive or specific but not both; some tools require adjusting parameters manually.

Results
We propose Look4TRs, the first application of self-supervised hidden Markov models to discovering microsatellites. Look4TRs adapts itself to the input genomes, balancing high sensitivity and low false positive rate. It auto-calibrates itself. We evaluated Look4TRs on 26 eukaryotic genomes. Based on F measure, which combines sensitivity and false positive rate, Look4TRs outperformed TRF and MISA—the most widely used tools—by 78 and 84%. Look4TRs outperformed the second and the third best tools, MsDetector and Tantan, by 17 and 34%. On eight bacterial genomes, Look4TRs outperformed the second and the third best tools by 27 and 137%.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/TulsaBioinformaticsToolsmith/Look4TRs.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Machine learning predicts per-vessel early coronary revascularization after fast myocardial perfusion SPECT: results from multicentre REFINE SPECT registry
Authors: Hu Lien-Hsin , Betancur Julian , Sharir Tali , Einstein Andrew J , Bokhari Sabahat , Fish Mathews B , Ruddy Terrence D , Kaufmann Philipp A , Sinusas Albert J , Miller Edward J , Bateman Timothy M , Dorbala Sharmila , Di Carli Marcelo , Germano Guido , Commandeur Frederic , Liang Joanna X , Otaki Yuka , Tamarappoo Balaji K , Dey Damini , Berman Daniel S , Slomka Piotr J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
To optimize per-vessel prediction of early coronary revascularization (ECR) within 90 days after fast single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using machine learning (ML) and introduce a method for a patient-specific explanation of ML results in a clinical setting.

Methods and results
A total of 1980 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent stress/rest 99mTc-sestamibi/tetrofosmin MPI with new-generation SPECT scanners were included. All patients had invasive coronary angiography within 6 months after SPECT MPI. ML utilized 18 clinical, 9 stress test, and 28 imaging variables to predict per-vessel and per-patient ECR with 10-fold cross-validation. Area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) of ML was compared with standard quantitative analysis [total perfusion deficit (TPD)] and expert interpretation. ECR was performed in 958 patients (48%). Per-vessel, the AUC of ECR prediction by ML (AUC 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.77, 0.80]) was higher than by regional stress TPD (0.71, [0.70, 0.73]), combined-view stress TPD (AUC 0.71, 95% CI [0.69, 0.72]), or ischaemic TPD (AUC 0.72, 95% CI [0.71, 0.74]), all P &lt; 0.001. Per-patient, the AUC of ECR prediction by ML (AUC 0.81, 95% CI [0.79, 0.83]) was higher than that of stress TPD, combined-view TPD, and ischaemic TPD, all P &lt; 0.001. ML also outperformed nuclear cardiologists’ expert interpretation of MPI for the prediction of early revascularization performance. A method to explain ML prediction for an individual patient was also developed.

Conclusion
In patients with suspected CAD, the prediction of ECR by ML outperformed automatic MPI quantitation by TPDs (per-vessel and per-patient) or nuclear cardiologists’ expert interpretation (per-patient).
Chromosomal-level assembly of the blood clam, Scapharca (Anadara) broughtonii, using long sequence reads and Hi-C
Authors: Bai Chang-Ming , Xin Lu-Sheng , Rosani Umberto , Wu Biao , Wang Qing-Chen , Duan Xiao-Ke , Liu Zhi-Hong , Wang Chong-Ming 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
The blood clam, Scapharca (Anadara) broughtonii, is an economically and ecologically important marine bivalve of the family Arcidae. Efforts to study their population genetics, breeding, cultivation, and stock enrichment have been somewhat hindered by the lack of a reference genome. Herein, we report the complete genome sequence of S. broughtonii, a first reference genome of the family Arcidae.

Findings
A total of 75.79 Gb clean data were generated with the Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore platforms, which represented approximately 86× coverage of the S. broughtonii genome. De novo assembly of these long reads resulted in an 884.5-Mb genome, with a contig N50 of 1.80 Mb and scaffold N50 of 45.00 Mb. Genome Hi-C scaffolding resulted in 19 chromosomes containing 99.35% of bases in the assembled genome. Genome annotation revealed that nearly half of the genome (46.1%) is composed of repeated sequences, while 24,045 protein-coding genes were predicted and 84.7% of them were annotated.

Conclusions
We report here a chromosomal-level assembly of the S. broughtonii genome based on long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding. The genomic data can serve as a reference for the family Arcidae and will provide a valuable resource for the scientific community and aquaculture sector.
Emergence of ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in KPC-3-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in vivo
Authors: Göttig Stephan , Frank Denia , Mungo Eleonora , Nolte Anika , Hogardt Michael , Besier Silke , Wichelhaus Thomas A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination ceftazidime/avibactam is active against KPC-producing Enterobacterales. Herein, we present molecular and phenotypic characterization of ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in KPC-3-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae that emerged in vivo and in vitro.MethodsSequence analysis of blaKPC-3 was performed from clinical and in vitro-generated ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates. Time–kill kinetics and the Galleria mellonella infection model were applied to evaluate the activity of ceftazidime/avibactam and imipenem alone and in combination.ResultsThe ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant clinical K. pneumoniae isolate revealed the amino acid change D179Y in KPC-3. Sixteen novel mutational changes in KPC-3 among in vitro-selected ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant isolates were described. Time–kill kinetics showed the emergence of a resistant subpopulation under selection pressure with either imipenem or ceftazidime/avibactam. However, combined selection pressure with imipenem plus ceftazidime/avibactam prevented the development of resistance and resulted in bactericidal activity. Concordantly, the G. mellonella infection model revealed that monotherapy with ceftazidime/avibactam is prone to select for resistance in vivo and that combination therapy with imipenem results in significantly better survival.ConclusionsCeftazidime/avibactam is a valuable antibiotic against MDR and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. Based on time–kill kinetics as well as an in vivo infection model we postulate a combination therapy of ceftazidime/avibactam and imipenem as a strategy to prevent the development of ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in KPC-producing Enterobacterales in vivo.
Judicial Inference of the ‘Intent to Destroy’
Authors: Anderson Kjell 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article tackles the issue of genocidal intent by placing emphasis on the nature of genocide as a hierarchical and collective crime. While traditionally it is the collective dimension of victimization that is highlighted, in this article the author highlights the collective dimension of perpetration, which is often downplayed in genocide cases. This is done by examining two specific cases pertaining to the genocide in Bosnia (Trbić and Nikolić) and the evidentiary patterns followed by the judges in these cases. Moreover, the author relies on his interviews with perpetrators (in Rwanda, Burundi, Bosnia, and Cambodia). Broadly speaking, the approach taken is that often the intent of individual perpetrators is conflated with more general collective policies and there are elements of this interplay that should be taken into account. It would seem more appropriate for the author to emphasize these collective aspects rather than inferring genocidal intent of individual perpetrators from a set of contextual elements which may not really be sufficient in determining the special intent required.
Reconstructing the Face of War
Authors: Farber Scott J , Latham Kerry P , Kantar Rami S , Perkins Jonathan N , Rodriguez Eduardo D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionOngoing combat operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other theaters have led to an increase in high energy craniomaxillofacial (CMF) wounds. These challenging injuries are typically associated with complex tissue deficiencies, evolving areas of necrosis, and bony comminution with bone and ballistic fragment sequestrum. Restoring form and function in these combat-sustained CMF injuries is challenging, and frequently requires local and distant tissue transfers. War injuries are different than the isolated trauma seen in the civilian sector. Donor sites are limited on patients with blast injuries and they may have preferences or functional reasons for the decisions to choose flaps from the available donor sites.MethodsA case series of patients who sustained severe combat-related CMF injury and were treated at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) is presented. Our study was exempt from Institutional Review Board review, and appropriate written consent was obtained from all patients included in the study for the use of representative clinical images.ResultsFour patients treated by the CMF team at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center are presented. In this study, we highlight their surgical management by the CMF team at WRNMMC, detail their postoperative course, and illustrate the outcomes achieved using representative patient clinical images. We also supplement this case series demonstrating military approaches to complex CMF injuries with CMF reconstructive algorithms utilized by the senior author (EDR) in the management of civilian complex avulsive injuries of the upper, mid, and lower face are thoroughly reviewed.ConclusionWhile the epidemiology and characteristics of military CMF injuries have been well described, their management remains poorly defined and creates an opportunity for reconstructive principles proven in the civilian sector to be applied in the care of severely wounded service members. The War on Terror marks the first time that microsurgery has been used extensively to reconstruct combat sustained wounds of the CMF region. Our manuscript reviews various options to reconstruct these devastating CMF injuries and emphasizes the need for steady communication between the civilian and military surgical communities to establish the best care for these complex patients.
Hospitalization Costs and Length of Stay in Chinese Naval Hospitals Between 2008 and 2016 Based on Influencing Factors: A Longitudinal Comparison
Authors: Xu Zhenqing , Xue Chen , Zhao Fangjie , Hu Chaoqun , Wu Yaomin , Zhang Lulu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionA retrospective review conducted in three hospitals of Guangdong and Hainan, China. To analyze the variation tendency of mean hospitalization costs and length of stay (LOS) in naval hospitals over nine years, paying special attention to the factors affecting hospitalization costs and LOS to provide a reference base for health resource allocation in naval hospitals.Materials and MethodsA total of 21,375 cases of military patients who were hospitalized and treated in three naval hospitals between January 2008 to December 2016 were extracted from the military health system. There were 16,278 complete and effective cases during those nine years. The situation, trends, and factors influencing hospitalization costs and LOS were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and multiple linear regressions.ResultsThe following factors showed statistically significant differences in hospitalization costs: special care, primary care, year, military rank, critical illness, allergies, and condition (p < 0.0001); and number of hospitalizations, gender, and age (p < 0.01). The following factors showed statistically significant differences in hospital LOS: year, number of hospitalizations, outcomes, military rank, special care, severity of illness, and condition (p < 0.0001); allergy (p < 0.01); and service and gender (p < 0.05). LOS between 2008–2016 showed a decreasing tendency, while hospitalization costs showed an increasing trend. There were 6 factors that affected Abstract (or Structured Summary) both the cost of hospitalization and LOS: special care, year, military rank, condition, allergy, and gender.ConclusionsThe results suggest that improving efficiency of military hospital require strengthening hierarchical referrals and controlling hospital LOS. Shortening LOS, optimizing clinical pathways, and reasonably controlling the costs associated with medicines and surgery can help reduce hospitalization costs for military patients. Controlling the growth of hospitalization costs can help avoid the physical and psychological burden of medical over-treatment on patients and may also optimize the allocation of military health resources.
Usefulness of C-Reactive Protein in Differentiating Acute Leptospirosis and Dengue Fever in French Guiana
Authors: Le Turnier Paul , Bonifay Timothée , Mosnier Emilie , Schaub Roxane , Jolivet Anne , Demar Magalie , Bourhy Pascale , Nacher Mathieu , Djossou Félix , Epelboin Loïc 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
Leptospirosis and dengue fever (DF) are hard-to-differentiate diseases in cocirculating areas, especially during DF epidemics. Misdiagnosis and ensuing lack of antibiotic therapy can be detrimental in leptospirosis. The objective of this study was to identify factors that help differentiate acute leptospirosis from dengue fever on admission.

Method
Patients with leptospirosis (positive serology or polymerase chain reaction) were compared with patients with DF (positive nonstructural 1 [NS1] antigen) in a case-control study with age matching. Data on admission were compared using bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis.

Results
Seventy-two patients with leptospirosis were compared to 216 patients with DF. In bivariate analysis, the factors associated with leptospirosis were male gender, cough, anemia, and elevated blood levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, creatinine, bilirubin, and creatine phosphokinase. Exanthema, purpura, myalgia, headache, and neutropenia were associated with DF. In multivariate analysis, elevated blood levels of leukocytes, bilirubin, and CRP were associated with leptospirosis. The CRP threshold of 50 mg/L taken alone had elevated sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusions
The CRP level, an easy-to-obtain biomarker, was a powerful tool to differentiate on admission leptospirosis and DF. Facing a dengue-like syndrome in cocirculating areas and awaiting new specific rapid diagnostic tests, CRP dosing could help the clinician to promptly consider the diagnosis of leptospirosis and initiate antibiotic therapy early.
Reforming a System That Cannot Reform Itself: Child Welfare Reform by Class Action Lawsuits
Authors: Lee Joyce Y , Gilbert Terri , Lee Shawna J , Staller Karen M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Class action lawsuits have become an increasingly common way to facilitate institutional reform. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to social workers of child welfare reform by class action lawsuits and subsequent consent decrees. The authors provide an overview of class action lawsuits, with a focus on their role in implementing systematic change in the United States. They highlight consent decrees as a means of settling class action lawsuits. They illustrate the current state of the child welfare system and how child advocacy groups have used class action lawsuits to initiate reform. Authors provide two case examples of child welfare reform by consent decree and engage in comparative analysis to investigate similarities and differences in the two cases. Finally, they note implications for social work practice and education and provide recommendations to equip and train social workers involved in child welfare services.
Bermuda Court exercises inherent jurisdiction to appoint protectors
Authors: Robinson Keith , Fife Ashley 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the matter of the H Trust [2019] SC (Bda) 27 Com (30 April 2019), the Supreme Court of Bermuda delivered an important judgment in which it exercised its inherent supervisory powers over trusts to appoint protectors. In its decision, the court also reaffirmed the wide breadth of the court’s jurisdiction under section 47 of the Trustee Act 1975 (‘section 47’) to grant powers to trustees to vary trusts when it is satisfied it is ‘expedient’ to do so.
Annie Kenney and the Politics of Class in the Women’s Social and Political Union
Authors: Jenkins Lyndsey 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article argues that an analysis of Annie Kenney’s public representation and private relationships offers a new way of evaluating how class was understood, experienced, and negotiated within the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU). Annie Kenney was a well-known suffrage activist from Lancashire, usually described as the only working-class woman to achieve prominence in the organization. This article analyses how the WSPU initially made much of Annie Kenney’s social origins, attracting significant press attention. However, it also demonstrates that their assumption that she could effectively speak for all working-class women was problematic, since it assumed a homogeneity of working-class experience. As the WSPU shifted its focus to recruiting more middle-class women, it sought instead to celebrate Annie Kenney’s commitment to the cause. Ironically, she was often more effective in building relationships with wealthier women, forming substitute families that provided significant support and benefits. Yet though the depth of these relationships was extraordinary in the context of contemporary class relations, they remained exceptional rather than typical. This article thus develops the work of scholars including Sandra Stanley Holton, Sue Thomas, and Laura Schwartz, who have analysed how class fragmented and shaped the women’s movement. It demonstrates that the significance of class within the WSPU was fluid and shifting rather than fixed and static and indicates both the potential for, and barriers to, meaningful and lasting cross-class collaboration.
Water transport from stem to stomata: the coordination of hydraulic and gas exchange traits across 33 subtropical woody species
Authors: Liu Xiaorong , Liu Hui , Gleason Sean M , Goldstein Guillermo , Zhu Shidan , He Pengcheng , Hou Hao , Li Ronghua , Ye Qing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCoordination between sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and stomatal conductance (gs) has been identified in previous studies; however, coordination between leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and gs, as well as between Kleaf and Ks is not always consistent. This suggests that there is a need to improve our understanding of the coordination among hydraulic and gas exchange traits. In this study, hydraulic traits (e.g., Ks and Kleaf) and gas exchange traits, including gs, transpiration (E) and net CO2 assimilation (Aarea), were measured across 33 co-occurring subtropical woody species. Kleaf was divided into two components: leaf hydraulic conductance inside the xylem (Kleaf-x) and outside the xylem (Kleaf-ox). We found that both Kleaf-x and Kleaf-ox were coordinated with gs and E, but the correlations between Kleaf-ox and gs (or E) were substantially weaker, and that Ks was coordinated with Kleaf-x, but not with Kleaf-ox. In addition, we found that Ks, Kleaf-x and Kleaf-ox together explained 63% of the variation in gs and 42% of the variation in Aarea across species, with Ks contributing the largest proportion of explanatory power, whereas Kleaf-ox contributed the least explanatory power. Our results demonstrate that the coordination between leaf water transport and gas exchange, as well as the hydraulic linkage between leaf and stem, were weakened by Kleaf-ox. This highlights the possibility that water transport efficiencies of stem and leaf xylem, rather than that of leaf tissues outside the xylem, are important determinants of stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity across species.