bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holistic services for people with advanced disease and chronic breathlessness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Brighton Lisa Jane , Miller Sophie , Farquhar Morag , Booth Sara , Yi Deokhee , Gao Wei , Bajwah Sabrina , Man William D-C , Higginson Irene J , Maddocks Matthew 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundBreathlessness is a common, distressing symptom in people with advanced disease and a marker of deterioration. Holistic services that draw on integrated palliative care have been developed for this group. This systematic review aimed to examine the outcomes, experiences and therapeutic components of these services.MethodsSystematic review searching nine databases to June 2017 for experimental, qualitative and observational studies. Eligibility and quality were independently assessed by two authors. Data on service models, health and cost outcomes were synthesised, using meta-analyses as indicated. Data on recipient experiences were synthesised thematically and integrated at the level of interpretation and reporting.ResultsFrom 3239 records identified, 37 articles were included representing 18 different services. Most services enrolled people with thoracic cancer, involved palliative care staff and comprised 4–6 contacts over 4–6 weeks. Commonly used interventions included breathing techniques, psychological support and relaxation techniques. Meta-analyses demonstrated reductions in Numeric Rating Scale distress due to breathlessness (n=324; mean difference (MD) −2.30, 95% CI −4.43 to −0.16, p=0.03) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) depression scores (n=408, MD −1.67, 95% CI −2.52 to −0.81, p<0.001) favouring the intervention. Statistically non-significant effects were observed for Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) mastery (n=259, MD 0.23, 95% CI −0.10 to 0.55, p=0.17) and HADS anxiety scores (n=552, MD −1.59, 95% CI −3.22 to 0.05, p=0.06). Patients and carers valued tailored education, self-management interventions and expert staff providing person-centred, dignified care. However, there was no observable effect on health status or quality of life, and mixed evidence around physical function.ConclusionHolistic services for chronic breathlessness can reduce distress in patients with advanced disease and may improve psychological outcomes of anxiety and depression. Therapeutic components of these services should be shared and integrated into clinical practice.Registration numberCRD42017057508.
Expression of MT4-MMP, EGFR, and RB in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Strongly Sensitizes Tumors to Erlotinib and Palbociclib Combination Therapy
Authors: Foidart Pierre , Yip Cassandre , Radermacher Jean , Blacher Silvia , Lienard Mehdi , Montero-Ruiz Laetitia , Maquoi Erik , Montaudon Elodie , Château-Joubert Sophie , Collignon Joëlle , Coibion Michel , Jossa Véronique , Marangoni Elisabetta , Noël Agnès , Sounni Nor Eddine , Jerusalem Guy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Here, we investigated the clinical relevance of an unprecedented combination of three biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), both in human samples and in patient-derived xenografts of TNBC (PDX-TNBC): EGFR, its recently identified partner (MT4-MMP), and retinoblastoma protein (RB).
Experimental Design: IHC analyses were conducted on human and PDX-TNBC samples to evaluate the production of the three biomarkers. The sensitivity of cancer cells expressing or not MT4-MMP to anti-EGFR (erlotinib) or anti-CDK4/6 inhibitor (palbociclib) was evaluated in vitro in 2D and 3D proliferation assays and in vivo using xenografts and PDX-TNBC displaying different RB, MT4-MMP, and EGFR status after single (erlotinib or palbociclib) or combined (erlotinib + palbociclib) treatments.

Results:
EGFR and MT4-MMP were coexpressed in &gt;70% of TNBC samples and PDX-TNBC, among which approximately 60% maintained RB expression. Notably, approximately 50% of all TNBC and PDX-TNBC expressed the three biomarkers. Single erlotinib and palbociclib treatments drastically reduced the in vitro proliferation of cells expressing EGFR and MT4-MMP when compared with control cells. Both TNBC xenografts and PDX expressing MT4-MMP, EGFR, and RB, but not PDX-TNBC with RB loss, were sensitive to erlotinib and palbociclib with an additive effect of combination therapy. Moreover, this combination was efficient in another PDX-TNBC expressing the three biomarkers and resistant to erlotinib alone.

Conclusions:
We defined a new association of three biomarkers (MT4-MMP/EGFR/RB) expressed together in 50% of TNBC and demonstrated its usefulness to predict the TNBC response to anti-EGFR and anti-CDK4/6 drugs used in single or combined therapy.
Nurses’ use of monitors in patient surveillance: an ethnographic study on a coronary care unit
Authors: Freysdóttir Gerður Rán , Björnsdóttir Kristín , Svavarsdóttir Margrét Hrönn 
Published: November 2018

Background: Physiological monitors are increasingly used for patient surveillance. Although nurses play a vital role in the observation, analysis and use of information obtained from these devices, difficulties in their use, coupled with the high frequency of false and nuisance monitor alarms, can lead to negative working conditions and threaten patient safety. Aim: With the purpose of promoting effective monitor use and ensuring patient safety, the aim was to explore both how cardiovascular nurses use monitors in patient surveillance and the effect that the monitors have on the nurses’ work. Methods: A qualitative ethnographic design with semi-structured interviews and a field observation conducted at a 35-bed coronary care unit. A purposive sample was used in selecting participants. Data were analysed using systematic text condensation. Results: Eight registered nurses, all women, aged 27–49 years, were participants. The themes helping device, competence development and distractions and strain reflected both the knowledge on which the nurses drew in working with monitors and their influence on the nurses’ work. False security and collaboration and teamwork discussed how the nurses trust and depend on each other during monitor surveillance and how poor work conditions and unclear responsibility undermine surveillance. Conclusions: Monitors enable nurses to observe critically ill cardiac patients closely and respond quickly to life-threatening changes in their condition. Current work arrangements and limited training diminish the reliability of monitor surveillance. It is imperative to revise the structure of the surveillance and improve education in monitor surveillance to enhance nurses’ clinical competence and patients’ safety.
Esophageal adenocarcinoma in a first‐degree relative increases risk for esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Tofani Christina J , Gandhi Kunjal , Spataro Joseph , Yoo Joseph , Murphy Megan , Mohan Neena , Daitch Zachary , Shah Apeksha , Janowski Raymond , Huntley Colin , Dabbish Nooreen , Keith Scott , Coben Robert , Cohen Sidney , Kastenberg David , Infantolino Anthony 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe significance of a family history of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus has not been thoroughly evaluated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the presence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in a first‐degree relative in patients with Barrett's esophagus.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients with Barrett's esophagus at a tertiary care center undergoing radiofrequency ablation. Family history, demographics, and pathology and endoscopy reports were assessed in all patients.FindingsThree hundred and one patients with Barrett's esophagus were assessed. Nineteen patients who had a diagnosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma on index endoscopy were excluded. Nineteen (6.7%) patients had a first‐degree relative with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Four (21.1%) of these patients progressed to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Of patients without first‐degree relative with esophageal adenocarcinoma 22/263 (8.7%) progressed to esophageal adenocarcinoma. In a logistic regression model adjusted for sex and the number of radiofrequency ablation treatments, we found that family history of esophageal adenocarcinoma was a significant independent predictor of progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma (odds ratio = 5.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.47–20.0).ConclusionOur study indicates that Barrett's esophagus patients with a first‐degree family member with esophageal adenocarcinoma are at 5.5‐fold higher risk for disease progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma. Family history of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus patients should be considered in patient surveillance and radiofrequency ablation treatment, beyond recommended guidelines.
Insights about Dental Ergonomics among Dental Students: The Need of the Hour to Recommend Dental Ergonomics in Academic Curriculum
Authors: Anu V. , Babu A. M. Suresh , Kumar P. D. Madan 
Published: November 2018

Aims and Objectives: To assess the perception, practice, and attitude about dental ergonomics among dental students in Chennai. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out among 148 dental students in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, using a self-made validated closed-ended questionnaire. Results: Among 148 dental students, 75 (50.6%) were undergraduate and 73 (49.4%) were postgraduate students. Of the study population, 38 (25.67%) had listed their general health problems which they thought were related to their profession, 102 (68.5%) were aware of musculoskeletal disorders, 90 (60.4%) were aware of dental ergonomics, and 104 (69.8%) were not aware of dental ergonomics. Of the dental students, 55% practiced both sitting and standing dentistry, and 43% of them practiced sitting dentistry alone. Only 22.8% of the dental students practiced 4-handed dentistry and 38.3% of them, who did not practice 4-handed dentistry swiveled themselves to face the area. A total of 113 (75.8%) dental students suggest to include dental ergonomics in their academic curriculum and 94 (63.1%) wanted to practice workshops on dental ergonomics. Conclusions: A majority of the dental students in this present study were aware of musculoskeletal disorders and dental ergonomics, but only a considerable number of them practiced dental ergonomics. This study recommends the need for including dental ergonomics in the academic curriculum.
Long-term Effects of Preschool on School Performance, Earnings and Social Mobility
Authors: Raut Lakshmi 
Published: November 2018

Children from disadvantaged families perform very poorly in school and labour market because they acquire low level of social, motivational and cognitive skills during their early childhood development. Using the NLSY data set, this paper formulates and then estimates the production processes for cognitive skills and non-cognitive skills such as social and motivational skills during early childhood development and the long-term effects of these skills on learning and lifetime earnings of an individual. Using these estimated relationships, the paper provides a calibrated intergenerational altruistic model of parental investment in children's preschool. This dynamic model is then used to estimate the effects of publicly provided preschool to the children of poor socioeconomic status (SES) as a social contract on lifetime earnings distribution, intergenerational college and social mobility, and to estimate the tax burden of such a social contract. JEL Classifications: J24, J62, O15, I21
Fast modeling of gamma-gamma density measurementsvia gamma-ray point-kernel approximations
Authors: Luycx Mathilde , Torres-Verdín Carlos 
Published: November 2018

Forward-modeling algorithms based on flux sensitivity functions are commonly recognized as fast, reliable, and the most efficient way to implement inversion-based interpretation algorithms for borehole nuclear measurements. Second-order sensitivity functions enhance the accuracy of fast-forward-modeling algorithms in complex geometries: In the presence of standoff, density accuracy is improved up to 70% compared with first-order approximations. However, second-order sensitivity functions can only be generated with the Monte Carlo [Formula: see text]-Particle code for perturbations in bulk density, material composition, and reaction cross sections; therefore, their use is limited to gamma-gamma borehole density measurements. We have developed an alternative method to second-order approximations in complex 3D geometries. It is the first step toward future improvements to simulate borehole environmental effects across arbitrary well trajectories for nuclear measurements based on coupled neutron and gamma-ray transport. The gamma flux-difference (GFD) method quantifies gamma-ray flux perturbations using exponential point kernels and Rytov approximations. Gamma-ray point kernels are corrected for flux buildup and flux perturbations caused by radial heterogeneities, i.e., standoff. Correction coefficients are calculated by flux-fitting 1D radial sensitivity functions yielded by MCNP to the 1D exponential gamma-ray kernel; they depend on standoff and mud density, but they are negligibly affected by formation properties. The GFD method is benchmarked against Monte Carlo calculations. Compared with first-order approximations, it improves simulated density accuracy across regions of significant contrasting properties, up to [Formula: see text] with 3.18 cm (1.25 in) standoff and freshwater mud. The GFD method yields a maximum density error of [Formula: see text] across complex geometries and up to up to 4.45 cm (1.75 in) standoff, similar to that achieved by second-order forward modeling algorithms. Moreover, the principles behind GFD approximations can be adapted to measurements based on coupled neutron and gamma-ray transport.
Seismic on floating ice on shallow water: Observations and modeling of guided wave modes
Authors: Johansen Tor Arne , Ruud Bent Ole , Hope Gaute 
Published: November 2018

Seismic mapping of the shallow, coastal areas of the Arctic is best facilitated in periods when the sea is covered with solid, floating ice. Data from three seismic acquisition campaigns on sea ice floating on shallow water reveal how coherent noise related to guided waves is differently exposed for various source and receiver systems placed on and below the ice. The main coherent noise is due to interference of ice flexural and Scholte waves. The experimental data were overall successfully modeled using a wavenumber integration technique. A seismic source at or near the ice generates high-amplitude, slowly propagating, and highly dispersive flexural waves. Their amplitudes are severely reduced when recorded at hydrophones deployed 5 m or more below the sea ice. The extent of flexural waves generated using an air gun below the ice similarly reduces as the depth of the air gun increases, but then the amplitudes of the seabed Scholte waves increase. Our experiments indicate that an inline line source of detonating cord on the ice combined with hydrophones deployed at the appropriate depth below the ice constitute an efficient setup for reducing the imprints of the ice flexural and Scholte waves on seismic data.
Finding Women in the Zimbabwean Transition
Authors: Dendere Chipo 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This essay is a feminist response to the 2017 coup in Zimbabwe that brought to an end Robert Mugabe’s thirty-seven-year on power. Mugabe came into power in 1980 after his party, the Zimbabwe African National Union–Patriotic Front (ZANU PF), successfully negotiated for an end to the civil war. The male-dominated ZANU PF has stayed in power because they consolidated power around Mugabe’s leadership. However, as the aging Mugabe became frail and his fifty-two-year-old energetic wife found her political voice, ZANU PF became deeply fractured and was facing electoral defeat in the 2018 elections. Grace Mugabe’s rise to power became the rallying point for ZANU PF to evict their longtime leader. Her fall from power has been used to restrict the voices of women even in this new era of political openness.
The ‘invisible scalpel technique’ with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) devices
Authors: Karkhi Alexandru , Kisyova Rumi 
Published: November 2018

One of the most significant innovations in the rejuvenation of the ageing face over the last 10 years has been the introduction of non-surgical treatments for the relaxation of facial wrinkles, restoration of lost volume and correction of the excess of skin. Mesotherapy, platelet-rich plasma, botulinum toxin A injections, micro-dermal abrasion, injectable dermal fillers and suspension threads are just few of the methods for the non-surgical management of the ageing face. These procedures are less invasive, consume less time and money, and are able to give immediate visible results with a softer, relaxed appearance and subtle enhancements. Body sculpting is another aspect of aesthetic medicine that is becoming more and more sought after. This article will discuss the advantages of body reshaping with the help of energy based devices such as high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and how to identify patients suitable for this treatment.
Rehabilitating Austin, Reassessing Grice: The Case of Cancellability
Authors: Egan David 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper assesses Grice’s work on conversational implicature in the light of one of its early targets: Austin’s claim that we cannot isolate the meaning of an expression from the context in which it is used. Grice argues that we can separate the literal meaning of many utterances from their pragmatic implicatures through the mechanism of explicit cancellation. However, Grice’s conception of cancellation does not account for the fact that an explicit cancellation must be uttered, and that its utterance involves further implicatures that undermine the attempted cancellation. What Grice calls explicit cancellations are better understood as utterances that resolve ambiguities, and hence apply only in cases where there exists an ambiguity that needs resolving. If Grice’s work does not undermine Austin, we are in a position to reassess an Austinian form of philosophical criticism that emphasizes the ordinary usage of expressions deployed in philosophical arguments.
„… und von hier oben sieht es so aus, als wären die Trümmer der alten Bibliothek mit riesigen schwarzen Spinnen bedeckt. “ Die Bibliothek in dystopischen Jugendromanen des 21. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Planka Sabine 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht unter Berücksichtigung aktueller Diskurse die in kinder- und jugendliterarischen Dystopien implementierten Bibliotheken hinsichtlich ihres strukturellen Aufbaus, ihrer technischen Entwicklung sowie damit verknüpft ihrer topografischen Verortung und des in ihnen enthaltenen Wissens und widmet sich der Frage nach dem Stellenwert, den die Bibliothek für die handelnden Akteure, namentlich staatlichen Machthabern auf der einen und den Protagonistinnen und Protagonisten auf der anderen Seite haben.
Die Analyse diverser ausgewählter Dystopien zeigt, dass Bibliotheken gedoppelt vorkommen, nämlich einerseits virtuell, andererseits aber eben auch als real existentes topografisch verortbares Gebäude, das häufig verfallen und zerstört, immer aber verborgen präsentiert wird. Daraus resultiert ein divergierender Umgang mit dem Bibliotheksbestand: Während das digital vorhandene Wissen in der Regel staatlich kontrolliert und selektiert an die Bewohner weitergegeben wird - es sich somit um staatliche Zensur handelt -, beherbergen die - der Vergessenheit anheim gegebenen - topografisch verortbaren Bibliotheken/Bibliotheksgebäude verbotenes und in dieser Ausformung systemgefährdendes Wissen, das von den Protagonisten entdeckt und im Sinne der Narration zum Sturz der oftmals totalitär aufgebauten Regierung führt, vor allem wenn man bedenkt, dass die Bibliothek „das kulturelle Gedächtnis in räumlicher, konkreter Form [verkörpert]“, wie Dietmar Rieger, Kirsten Dickhaut und Cornelia Schmelz in ihrem Artikel „Bücher in Bibliotheken - Das Motiv der Bibliothek“ (in: Spiegel der Forschung 16 (1999), H 2, S. 14-23, hier: S. 15) festhalten. Dementsprechend kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass sich, sobald in jugendliterarischen Dystopien eine Bibliothek bewusst oder zufällig aufgesucht wird, vergessenes, ‚überschriebenes‘ Wissen finden lässt, das den aus dem Verborgenen heraus organisierten revolutionären Sturz von diktatorischen Gesellschaftsentwürfen ermöglicht.
Monetary Integration, Fiscal Divergence and Current Account Imbalances in Europe
Authors: Schnabl Gunther 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The paper scrutinizes the role of diverging fiscal policy stances for diverging current account positions in Europe with a focus on the European Monetary Union (EMU). In a heterogeneous monetary union fiscal policy has the task to absorb asymmetric shocks to ensure the efficacy of the one-size monetary policy. It is argued that since the early years of the European Monetary Union divergent fiscal policies combined with monetary expansion constituted a major determinant of current account divergence within the euro area, which finally led into the European debt and financial crisis. Panel regressions reveal a significant impact of fiscal policies on current account positions, which to a large extent are independent from the exchange rate regime and turn out to be contingent on monetary and fiscal policy mix. Based on the findings economic policy recommendations are presented.
Determinants of early marriage among female adolescent in Indonesia
Authors: Berliana Sarni Maniar , Kristinadewi Putu Arry Novelina , Rachmawati Praba Diyan , Fauziningtyas Rista , Efendi Ferry , Bushy Angeline 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
While studies on reproductive health issues are discussed widely, until recently early marriage among adolescent has not received enough attention across stakeholders in Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the determinants of early marriage among female adolescents in Indonesia.

Methods
This study employs data from the Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) 2012 on females aged 15–19 years (n = 7207). The analytical methods used to determine factors of early marriage were chi-square and multiple logistic regression.

Results
The results from this research revealed that four determinants are significantly related to early marriage among female adolescent. Females who have not completed primary school tend to be involved in an early marriage more often than those who graduated from high school. Furthermore, underprivileged females tend to get married earlier than those with a high socio-economic status. Additionally, females living in rural areas are more prone to early marriage than those living in urban areas. Finally, well-informed females tend not to get married as early as females who do not have access to media information.

Conclusion
A stakeholder policy is required that promotes the status of females by improving access to national education, particularly for females in rural areas and those who live in poverty. Marketing and advertising media campaign targeting adolescent are needed to ensure greater access to information.