bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous atopic dermatitis in mice with a defective skin barrier is independent of ILC2 and mediated by IL‐1β
Authors: Schwartz Christian , Moran Tara , Saunders Sean P. , Kaszlikowska Agnieszka , Floudas Achilleas , Bom Joana , Nunez Gabriel , Iwakura Yoichiro , O’Neill Luke , Irvine Alan D. , McKenzie Andrew N. J. , Ogg Graham , Walsh Patrick T. , Demengeot Jocelyne , Fallon Padraic G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin diseases with a multifactorial etiology. Mutations leading to loss of skin barrier function are associated with the development of AD with group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) promoting acute skin inflammation. Filaggrin‐mutant (Flgft/ft) mice develop spontaneous skin inflammation accompanied by an increase in skin ILC2 numbers, IL‐1β production, and other cytokines recapitulating human AD. Here, we investigated the role of ILC2, effector cytokines, inflammasome activation, and mast cell function on the development of chronic AD‐like inflammation in mice.MethodsMice with a frameshift mutation in the filaggrin gene develop spontaneous dermatitis. Flgft/ft mice were crossed to cell‐ or cytokine‐deficient mouse strains, or bred under germ‐free conditions. Skin inflammation was scored, and microbiome composition was analyzed. Skin protein expression was measured by multiplex immunoassay. Infiltrating cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsWild‐type and Flgft/ft mice significantly differ in their microbiome composition. Furthermore, mutant mice do not develop skin inflammation under germ‐free conditions. ILC2 deficiency did not ameliorate chronic dermatitis in Flgft/ft mice, which was also independent of IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐9, IL‐13, IL‐17A, and IL‐22. Inflammation was independent of NLRP3 inflammasome activation but required IL‐1β and IL‐1R1‐signaling. Mechanistically, IL‐1β promoted hyperactivation of IL‐1R1‐expressing mast cells. Treatment with anti‐IL‐1β‐antibody alleviated dermatitis exacerbation, while antibiotic intervention ameliorated dermatitis in neonatal mice but not in adults with established inflammation.ConclusionsIn summary, we identified a critical role for the microbiome and IL‐1β mediating chronic inflammation in mice with an impaired skin barrier.
Automated individualization of dialysate sodium concentration reduces intradialytic plasma sodium changes in hemodialysis
Authors: Ságová Michaela , Wojke Ralf , Maierhofer Andreas , Gross Malte , Canaud Bernard , Gauly Adelheid 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn standard care, hemodialysis patients are often treated with a center‐specific fixed dialysate sodium concentration, potentially resulting in diffusive sodium changes for patients with plasma sodium concentrations below or above this level. While diffusive sodium load may be associated with thirst and higher interdialytic weight gain, excessive diffusive sodium removal may cause intradialytic symptoms. In contrast, the new hemodialysis machine option “Na control” provides automated individualization of dialysate sodium during treatment with the aim to reduce such intradialytic sodium changes without the need to determine the plasma sodium concentration. This proof‐of‐principle study on sodium control was designed as a monocentric randomized controlled crossover trial: 32 patients with residual diuresis of ≤1000 mL/day were enrolled to be treated by high‐volume post‐dilution hemodiafiltration (HDF) for 2 weeks each with “Na control” (individually and automatically adjusted dialysate sodium concentration) versus “standard fixed Na” (fixed dialysate sodium 138 mmol/L), in randomized order. Pre‐ and post‐dialytic plasma sodium concentrations were determined at bedside by direct potentiometry. The study hypothesis consisted of 2 components: the mean plasma sodium change between the start and end of the treatment being within ±1.0 mmol/L for sodium‐controlled treatments, and a lower variability of the plasma sodium changes for “Na control” than for “standard fixed Na” treatments. Three hundred seventy‐two treatments of 31 adult chronic hemodialysis patients (intention‐to‐treat population) were analyzed. The estimate for the mean plasma sodium change was −0.53 mmol/L (95% confidence interval: [−1.04; −0.02] mmol/L) for “Na control” treatments and −0.95 mmol/L (95% CI: [−1.76; −0.15] mmol/L) for “standard fixed Na” treatments. The standard deviation of the plasma sodium changes was 1.39 mmol/L for “Na control” versus 2.19 mmol/L for “standard fixed Na” treatments (P = 0.0004). Whereas the 95% CI for the estimate for the mean plasma sodium change during “Na control” treatments marginally overlapped the lower border of the predefined margin ±1.0 mmol/L, the variability of intradialytic plasma sodium changes was lower during “Na control” versus “standard fixed Na” treatments. Thus, automated dialysate sodium individualization by “Na control” approaches isonatremic dialysis in the clinical setting.
Influence of Personality Traits and Moral Values on Employee Well‐Being, Resilience and Performance: A Cross‐National Study
Authors: Athota Vidya S. , Budhwar Pawan , Malik Ashish 
Published: April 2019

Research examining the relationship at the interface of personality, values, moral foundations and its impact on employees’ subjective well‐being, resilience, job performance and satisfaction is almost non‐existent. This study addresses this Special Issue’s call focusing on the key antecedents and consequences of resilience on individual and/or organisational level outcomes. It does so by analysing data from two different, though comparative cross‐national studies in Australia and India. Employing a quantitative survey method, we collected data from 195 respondents in Australia and 257 respondents from India. Employing the core theory of moral foundations in association with its relationships with individual personality, values, well‐being and resilience, our findings suggest a significant relationship between personality traits and individual moral foundations, and psychological well‐being via values. The study offers distinctive contributions to the literatures on well‐being, resilience and moral foundations theory. Specifically, the personality trait of extroversion influences power and achievement or self‐enhancement values through individualised moral foundations. Second, the study found that values of benevolence and universalism, or compassionate values, form the basis for biological mechanisms of resilience through individual moral foundations of fairness/harm care. The paper concludes with implications for theory and practice.
Tomatero Circuit of Southern Appalachia–South Florida
Authors: Schmid Mary Elizabeth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDrawing on the voices of tomato industry workers, this paper offers a multi‐sited ethnographic view of largely unrecognized practices in the conventional, field‐grown, fresh‐market wholesale tomato industry in the southeastern United States. Tomato industry workers—including agricultural cooperative extension agents, farmers, labor contractors, marketers, and harvesters—present their distinctive perspectives on production‐exchange relations, shifting political economic identities, and what I call emerging redistributive practices found throughout a southeastern U.S. tomato circuit. I argue that two specific emerging redistributive practices take place while the tomatoes are technically still in the production stage in certain conventional tomato fields: (i) pinhooking and (ii) buying the field. Studying these practices helps us better understand the complexities of the southeastern U.S. tomato industry. By looking at tomato enterprises that plant, cultivate, harvest, transport, and/or market produce, this paper presents a body of evidence that counter‐constructs the racialized stereotype concerning Mexicans and Mexican Americans’ contributions to agriculture in the southeastern United States. It shows how an ethnographically informed picture of a regional tomato industry circuit reveals commonly unrecognized features of social change, enterprise, production‐exchange relations, and redistributive practices. It concludes by suggesting that these enterprise arrangements and practices could support the creation of more equitable regional food production systems.
Patient behaviour in medication management: Findings from a patient usability study that may impact clinical outcomes
Authors: Schenk Ariane , Eckardt‐Felmberg Rahel , Steinhagen‐Thiessen Elisabeth , Stegemann Sven 
Published: April 2019

AimsAdequate medication management is a key condition to ensuring effective pharmacotherapy. However, it is well acknowledged that older people may encounter difficulties self‐administering medicines in a correct manner.MethodsA mixed method pilot study was performed to investigate medication self‐management in older and multimorbid patients with polypharmacy. The pilot study involved medication management tasks followed by semi‐structured interviews in 20 patients. The tasks and interviews were based on the patients' individual medication plans, which had been prepared earlier by the pharmacy for each patient on basis of all their prescriptions.ResultsThe patients' self‐reported medication management skills differed from their actual observed medication management performance. In addition, the routines and coping strategies used by the patients to deal with the complexity of their overall medication regimen were not in accordance with the medication plan and the instructions for use on the product labels. Issues were observed on all stages of the medication process that can be considered relevant to patient adherence, especially medication plan recall, product identification, product selection, product handling and product recognition in a multicompartment compliance aid.ConclusionsThe pilot study suggested that medication management issues by older and multimorbid patients remain widely undetermined and unrecognized in primary care. Further investigation and interdisciplinary collaboration will be required to resolve the user problems and ensure adequate patient adherence.
Systematic mixed‐study review of nonpharmacological management of neonatal abstinence syndrome
Authors: MacVicar Sonya , Kelly Lauren E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal abstinence syndrome is a multisystem disorder resulting from exposure to maternal addictive substance use in pregnancy. Withdrawal is characterized by neonatal tremors, feeding difficulties, and sleep disruption. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the nonpharmacological management of infants at risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome after prenatal exposure.MethodsA systematic mixed‐study review was conducted. A search of CINAHL, MEDLINE, AMED, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and Web of Science was performed for relevant articles published between January 2007 and June 2018. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted and thematic analysis undertaken. The findings were synthesized as a narrative summary.ResultsFourteen studies were included in the review, of which nine were quality improvement initiatives and five explored complementary therapies. The most common components of nonpharmacological management were consolation therapy and rooming‐in of mother and baby. Implementation strategies incorporated family integrated care and practitioner training in the evaluation of neonatal withdrawal. When nonpharmacological management was applied, there was a reduction in the need for pharmacotherapy and a shorter hospital stay for newborns. Potential barriers to effective management included unreliable assessment tools, judgmental practitioner attitudes, and limited breastfeeding promotion.ConclusionsProviding and optimizing nonpharmacological management for the infant at risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome improves outcomes by reducing their length of hospital stay and the need for pharmacotherapy.
Parenting Teamwork: The Impact of a Fathering Intervention on Mothers and Infants in Vietnam
Authors: Rempel John K. , Rempel Lynn A. , Hoa Dinh T.P. , Vui Le T. , Long Tran K. 
Published: April 2019

A multifaceted, relationally focused intervention involving group and individual pre‐ and postnatal counseling, print resources, and community resources encouraged 390 fathers of newborn infants in Vietnam to responsively support mothers and work with them as a parenting team. Both partners completed questionnaires prebirth and 1‐, 4‐, and 9‐months postbirth on measures of breastfeeding support, exclusive breastfeeding duration, relationship quality, and infant development. Compared to 412 comparison group couples, intervention couples evidenced greater father support, especially in terms of helping and responsiveness to the mother's needs. This support predicted longer exclusive breastfeeding duration, improved relationship quality, and higher levels of infant development at 9 months. Sensitively working together with mothers as a coordinated team enhanced couple's relationship functioning and improved children's developmental outcomes.
Drug consumption rooms: A systematic review of evaluation methodologies
Authors: Belackova Vendula , Salmon Allison M. , Day Carolyn A. , Ritter Alison , Shanahan Marian , Hedrich Dagmar , Kerr Thomas , Jauncey Marianne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIssuesDrug consumptions rooms (DCR) and supervised injecting facilities (SIF) are expanding internationally. Previous reviews have not systematically addressed evaluation methodologies.ApproachResults from systematic searches of scientific databases in English until June 2017 were coded for paper type, country and year of publication. For evaluation papers, study outcome, methodology/study design and main indicators of DCR/SIF ‘exposure’ were recorded.Key FindingsTwo hundred and nineteen eligible peer‐reviewed papers were published since 1999: the majority from Canada (n = 117 papers), Europe (n = 36) and Australia (n = 32). Fifty‐six papers reported evaluation outcomes. Ecological study designs (n = 10) were used to assess the impact on overdose, public nuisance and crime; modelling techniques (n = 6) estimated impact on blood‐borne diseases, overdose deaths and costs. Papers using individual‐level data included four prospective cohorts (n = 28), cross‐sectional surveys (n = 7) and service records (n = 5). Individual‐level data were used to assess safer injecting practice, uptake into health and social services and all the other above outcomes except for impact on crime and costs. Four different indicators of DCR/SIF attendance were used to measure service ‘exposure’.ImplicationsResearch around DCRs/SIFs has used ecological, modelling, cross‐sectional and cohort study designs. Further research could involve systematic inclusion of a control group of people who are eligible but do not access SIFs, validation of self‐reported proportion of injections at SIFs or a stepped‐wedge or a cluster trial comparing localities.ConclusionsMethodologies appropriate for DCR/SIF evaluation have been established and can be readily replicated from the existing literature. Research on operational aspects, implementation and transferability is also warranted.
Development and validation of a screening tool for feeding/swallowing difficulties and undernutrition in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Bell Kristie L , Benfer Katherine A , Ware Robert S , Patrao Tania A , Garvey Josephine J , Arvedson Joan C , Boyd Roslyn N , Davies Peter S W , Weir Kelly A 
Published: April 2019

AimTo develop and validate a screening tool for feeding/swallowing difficulties and/or undernutrition in children with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThis cross‐sectional, observational study included 89 children withCP(63 males, 26 females; median age 6y 0mo; interquartile range 4y 0mo–8y 11mo), across all Gross Motor Function Classification System levels. Children with feeding tubes were excluded. Children were classified as well‐nourished or moderately to severely undernourished, using the paediatric Subjective Global Nutrition Assessment. Eating and drinking abilities were classified using the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS) from mealtime observation and videofluoroscopic swallow studies when indicated. Parents/caregivers answered 33 screening questions regarding their child's feeding/swallowing abilities and nutritional status. The diagnostic ability of each question for identifying children with feeding/swallowing difficulties and undernutrition was calculated and the combination of questions with the highest sensitivity and specificity identified.ResultsFeeding difficulties impacted on swallow safety in 26 children (29%) and 26 children (29%) were moderately or severely undernourished. The 4‐item final tool had high sensitivity and specificity for identifying children with feeding/swallowing difficulties (81% and 79% respectively) and undernutrition (72% and 75% respectively). The tool successfully identified 100 per cent of children with severe undernutrition and 100 per cent of those classified asEDACSlevelIVor V.InterpretationScreening for feeding/swallowing difficulties and undernutrition will enable early identification, assessment, and management for those children in need.What this paper addsA screening tool with high sensitivities and specificities for identifying children with feeding/swallowing difficulties and undernutrition.The tool identified 100 per cent of children with severe undernutrition.The tool identified 100 per cent of children in Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System levels IV or V.
Deintensification in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review of approaches, rates and outcomes
Authors: Seidu Samuel , Kunutsor Setor K. , Topsever Pinar , Hambling Clare E. , Cos Francesc X. , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimTo assess deintensification approaches and rates and evaluate the harm and benefits of deintensification with antidiabetic medication and other therapies among older people (≥ 65 years) with type 2 diabetes with or without cardiometabolic conditions.MethodsWe identified relevant studies in a literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane databases to 30 October 2018. Data were extracted on baseline characteristics, details on deintensification and outcomes, and was synthesized using a narrative approach.ResultsTen studies (observational cohorts and interventional studies) with data on 26 558 patients with comorbidities were eligible. Deintensification approaches included complete withdrawal, discontinuation, reducing dosage, conversion, or substitution of at least one medication, but the majority of studies were based on complete withdrawal or discontinuation of antihyperglycaemic medication. Rates of deintensification approaches ranged from 13.4%–75%. The majority of studies reported no deterioration in HbA1c levels, hypoglycaemic episodes, falls or hospitalizations on deintensification. On adverse events and mortality, no significant differences were observed among the comparison groups in the majority of studies.ConclusionAvailable but limited evidence suggests that the benefits of deintensification outweigh the harm in older people with type 2 diabetes with or without comorbidities. Given the heterogeneity of patients with diabetes, further research is warranted on which deintensification approaches are appropriate and beneficial for each specific patient population.
Prognostic value of elevated lipoprotein(a) in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Gencer Baris , Rigamonti Fabio , Nanchen David , Vuilleumier Nicolas , Kern Ilse , Aghlmandi Soheila , Klingenberg Roland , Räber Lorenz , Auer Reto , Carballo David , Carballo Sebastian , Heg Dik , Windecker Stephan , Lüscher Thomas Felix , Matter Christian M. , Rodondi Nicolas , Mach François 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundMinimal lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] target values are advocated for high‐risk cardiovascular patients. We investigated the prognostic value of Lp(a) in the acute setting of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).Materials and methodsPlasma levels of Lp(a) were collected at time of angiography from 1711 patients hospitalized for ACS in a multicentre Swiss prospective cohort. Associations between elevated Lp(a) ≥30 mg/dL (cut‐off corresponding to the 75th percentile of the assay) or Lp(a) tertiles at baseline, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1 year, defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction or stroke, were assessed using hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL‐C], high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL‐C] and triglycerides.ResultsLp(a) levels range between 2.5 and 132 mg/dL with a median value of 6 mg/dL and a mean value of 14.2 mg/dL. A total of 276 patients (23.0%) had Lp(a) plasma levels ≥30 mg/dL. Patients with elevated Lp(a) were more likely to be of female gender and to have higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL‐C, HDL‐C and triglycerides. Higher Lp(a) was associated with failure to reach the LDL‐C target <1.8 mmol/L at 1 year (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.13‐2.58, P = 0.01). No association was found between elevated Lp(a) and MACE at 1 year (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.64‐1.73), nor for Lp(a) tertiles (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.52‐1.28, P > 0.20) or standardized continuous variables (0.98, 95% CI 0.82‐1.19 for each increase of standard deviation).ConclusionsOur real‐world data suggest high Lp(a) levels at time of angiography are not predictive for cardiovascular outcomes in patients otherwise medically well controlled, but might be useful to identify patients who would not be on LDL‐C targets 1 year after ACS.
Proximity of restored hedgerows interacts with local floral diversity and species' traits to shape long‐term pollinator metacommunity dynamics
Authors: Ponisio Lauren C. , de Valpine Perry , M’Gonigle Leithen K. , Kremen Claire 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDisconnected habitat fragments are poor at supporting population and community persistence; restoration ecologists, therefore, advocate for the establishment of habitat networks across landscapes. Few empirical studies, however, have considered how networks of restored habitat patches affect metacommunity dynamics. Here, using a 10‐year study on restored hedgerows and unrestored field margins within an intensive agricultural landscape, we integrate occupancy modelling with network theory to examine the interaction between local and landscape characteristics, habitat selection and dispersal in shaping pollinator metacommunity dynamics. We show that surrounding hedgerows and remnant habitat patches interact with the local floral diversity, bee diet breadth and bee body size to influence site occupancy, via colonisation and persistence dynamics. Florally diverse sites and generalist, small‐bodied species are most important for maintaining metacommunity connectivity. By providing the first in‐depth assessment of how a network of restored habitat influences long‐term population dynamics, we confirm the conservation benefit of hedgerows for pollinator populations and demonstrate the importance of restoring and maintaining habitat networks within an inhospitable matrix.
Is Financial Flexibility a Priced Factor in the Stock Market?
Authors: Oad Rajput Suresh Kumar , Wongchoti Udomsak , Chen Jianguo , Faff Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper develops a factor analysis–based measure for shifts in corporate financial flexibility (FFLEX) that can be observed from public accounting information. Companies that experience positive shifts in FFLEX are associated with higher future investment growth opportunities. We show that FFLEX is a robust determinant of future stock returns. Firms that have increased their financial flexibility are associated with lower stock returns in the subsequent period. A zero‐cost return portfolio produces a significant positive monthly premium of 0.69%, which is driven by covariance (risk). Risk inherent in the flexibility factor is not explained away by either prominent pricing characteristics or factors.