bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dualisme Kepentingan Joe Biden: Perhatian pada Sektor Lingkungan di Masa Kampanye & Hadirnya Willow Project 2023 setelah Terpilih [Joe Biden's Interest Dualism: Attention towards the Environment Sector in the Campaign Period and the Presence of Willow Project 2023 after Elected]
Authors: Irawan Kesya Permata Ariesta , Simanjuntak Triesanto Romulo , Nau Novriest Umbu Walangara 
Published: November 2024

This study aims to analyze President Joe Biden's dual interests regarding his focus on the environmental sector during his campaign and the decision to approve the Willow Project in2023 after being elected. Utilizing the concepts of national interest and public policy along with elite theory, this research highlights the discrepancy between Biden's pro-environment campaign promises and his policy decisions after taking office. A descriptive-analytical method is employed to identify and understand the reasons behind the approval of this controversial project. The findings reveal that the approval of the Willow Project was influenced by pressures from elite groups and the strategic necessity to balance broader national interests, despite conflicting with the environmental commitments made during the campaign. The conclusion of this study underscores the complexity of public policy decision-making, which often involves compromises between idealistic goals and political realities.Bahasa Indonesia Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dualisme kepentingan Presiden Joe Biden mengenai fokusnya pada sektor lingkungan di masa kampanye dan keputusannya untuk menyetujui Willow Project di tahun 2023 setelah terpilih. Dengan menggunakan konsep kepentingan nasional dan kebijakan publik, bersama teori elit, penelitian ini menggarisbawahi ketidaksesuaian di antara janji kampanye Biden yang prolingkungan dengan keputusan-keputusannya setelah menjabat. Metode deskriptif-analitis digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memahami alasan di balik persetujuan terhadap proyek yang kontroversial ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persetujuan terhadap Willow Project dipengaruhi tekanan yang datang dari kelompok elit dan kebutuhan strategis untuk menyeimbangkan kepentingan nasional, terlepas dari komitmen-komitmen terhadap isu lingkungan yang disampaikan semasa kampanye. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan kompleksitas pembuatan kebijakan publik yang kadang mengkompromikan tujuan-tujuan ideal terhadap realitas politik.
Effectiveness of hedges and nets in reducing the risk of drift and exposure of local residents during vineyard spraying: initial results
Authors: Vergès Adrien , Naud Olivier , Trinquier Elodie , Ribeyrolles Xavier , Horain Amélie , Grimbuhler Sonia , Douzals Jean-Paul , Codis Sébastien 
Published: November 2024

IFV and INRAE have used the EoleDrift test rig to measure the drift reduction performance of two types of plot modification (shrub hedges and windbreak nets). Whatever the sprayer used and the type of drift measured (airborne, sedimentary, exposure of mannequins), the reduction rates measured in the presence of physical barriers are relatively stable and high. By combining such barriers with efficient spraying equipment, reduction rates of over 95 % can be achieved.
Impact of Gender on Self-Assessment Accuracy Among Fourth-Year French Medical Students on Faculty's Objective Structured Clinical Examinations
Authors: Bodard Sylvain , Bouzid Donia , Ferré Valentine Marie , Carette Claire , Kivits Joelle , Nguyen Yann , Thy Michael , Marchèse Ugo , Oulès Bénédicte , Khider Lina , Tymowski Christian , Burnichon Nelly , Mirault Tristan , Faye Albert , Levi Laura I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Historically, women have been shown to underestimate their abilities, while men often assess themselves more accurately or overestimate. This study aims to determine self-assessment accuracy during Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) according to gender.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted among fourth-year medical students at Paris Cité University during faculty training OSCEs, utilizing Zoom® software for remote participation. Students and evaluators assessed performances using 5-point Likert scales for medical knowledge, interpersonal skills, and overall performance. Additionally, students predicted their grade out of twenty. The assessment covered three independent stations.
Results: This study included 259 medical students (177 women, 81 men, one non-binary (excluded from further analyses)) evaluated by 130 physicians. Evaluator scores did not differ according to students’ gender (total score out of 20: men: 10.25 ± 3.45, women: 10.23 ± 3.44 p=0.817) nor students’ self-assessments (total score out of 20: men: 11.22 ± 3.02, women: 11.00 ± 3.03; p=0.466) whatever the domains and stations (all p>0.05). The difference (delta) between self-assessment and evaluator scores for medical knowledge (men: 0.73 ± 1.00, women: 0.64 ± 1.02; p=0.296), interpersonal skills (men: 1.02 ± 1.06, women: 0.93 ± 1.09; p=0.296), and total score (men: 0.98 ± 3.41, women: 0.68 ± 3.42; p=0.296) showed no gender differences.
Further analysis categorized students based on their self-assessment accuracy, revealing that both men and women displayed a high ratio of accurate self-assessments (78.1% for overall performance across all stations), with minimal overestimation observed in both genders (20.9% for overall performance across all stations). Instances of overestimation or underestimation were rare and not consistent over the 3 stations, indicating that such misjudgments are likely situational rather than inherent traits.
Discussion: This study reveals similar self-assessment accuracy according to gender suggesting a shift towards gender-equitable self-perceptions among medical students compared to previous studies. Research remains necessary to corroborate these results and explore the underlying factors contributing to this shift in self-perception.
A radiological study on the relationship between the novel acromial angle and rotator cuff injuries
Authors: Hou Zhipeng , Dong Jiabao , Shang Wenzhao , Wan Quqiao , Huang Haoxin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

To investigate the relationship between the novel acromial angle and rotator cuff tears through imaging studies. We retrospectively selected 148 patients who underwent complete imaging examinations including scapular outlet X-rays and shoulder MRIs from January 2023 to September 2024 at our hospital. Based on whether the subjects had rotator cuff tears, they were divided into an injury group and a normal group, and the differences in the novel acromial angle between the two groups were compared. The novel acromial angle in the normal group was (149.1±5.957)°, while in the injury group, it was (142.3±6.558)°, showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). The probability of rotator cuff injury was 79.07% for individuals with a novel acromial angle smaller than the average in the injury group. The novel acromial angle in the injury group was generally smaller than that in the normal group. A novel acromial angle smaller than the average was associated with a higher probability of rotator cuff injury, and smaller angles were more likely to lead to more severe rotator cuff tears. Therefore, the novel acromial angle may serve as a simple and objective method to predict the probability of rotator cuff tears.
Exploring the genetic diversity and population structure of an ancient hexaploid wheat species Triticum sphaerococcum using SNP markers
Authors: Mazumder Amit Kumar , Budhlakoti Neeraj , Kumar Manjeet , Pradhan Anjan Kumar , Kumar Sundeep , Babu Prashanth , Yadav Rajbir , Gaikwad Kiran B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Understanding genetic diversity and population structure is crucial for strategizing and enhancing breeding efficiency. Wheat, a globally cultivated crop, is a significant source of daily calories for humans. To overcome challenges such as extreme climatic fluctuations, stagnant yields, and diminishing genetic variation, it is essential to develop diverse germplasms with new alleles. Triticum sphaerococcum, an underutilized ancient hexaploid wheat species, shows promise for contributing beneficial alleles. However, the genetic diversity of its germplasms remains unstudied. This is the first report where we have examined the genetic diversity and population structure of 116 T. sphaerococcumaccessions using a 35K SNP Array. The objective of this study is to apply these findings to improve wheat breeding programs.
Results:
Analysis of the population's genetic structure identified four potential subpopulations, which was supported by principal coordinate analysis. Allele neutrality tests showed an abundance of intermediate genotypes, suggesting that many beneficial alleles are maintained through balancing selection. Among the three subgenomes, subgenome B exhibited the highest genetic diversity. AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance) revealed significant variation both among (35%) and within (65%) the four subpopulations. The high genetic differentiation between subpopulations was corroborated by a moderate level of haploid migrant numbers (Nm = 1.286), indicating sufficient gene flow. SP4 emerged as the most diverse subpopulation, showing the highest values for allelic pattern indices due to its larger size and higher percentage of polymorphic loci. The D subgenome displayed a faster linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay rate compared to the A and B subgenomes. Haplotype block analysis identified 260 haplotype blocks of varying sizes distributed across the genome.
Conclusions:
This research demonstrates that Indian dwarf wheat accessions, sourced from three distinct gene banks and local collections, possess considerable genetic diversity. These germplasm collections offer valuable opportunities to investigate their unexplored genetic potential. They can be utilized in wheat improvement initiatives to tackle both present and future breeding challenges. Furthermore, these accessions can introduce new alleles to broaden the genetic base of modern wheat varieties, enhancing their overall diversity.
Nano silica reinforces the tolerance of the wheat plant against drought stress
Authors: Elsayed Nesma , Mehasen Sadiek , Khalil Radwan , Al-Musawi Hayder , Gamal Amina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Silicon nanoparticles have distinctive physicochemical characteristics and improve the plant growth and yield under unfavorable environmental conditions. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to study the impact of Nano Silica on drought resistance depending on the Nano-Silica dose and moisture levels. Nano Silica applied at different rates (0.0, 50 and 100 mg/l) and the water regime was 30, 50 and 70% of water holding capacity (WHC). Results indicated that, Si-NPs there was an ability to reduce the drought impact on wheat growth and improve the antioxidant system in plants. Besides, an increment in membrane stability index, chlorophyll, carbohydrates, protein and phenol content of wheat. In addition, spraying or watering of Si-NPs increased wheat tolerance to drought by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes; nitrate reductase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase and guaiacol peroxidase, as well as reducing the oxidative pressure in leaves which was demonstrated by the diminished electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde and proline in plant tissue. Data indicated that most of the highest values of the growth parameters and biochemical estimation were recorded for the wheat with application of 100 mg/l nano silica. Overall, this study advanced our understanding of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying drought stress and mitigating its impact using Si-NPs, which may reduce the environmental risks that negatively affect the growth and productivity of agricultural crops globally.
Utilization of Common Shell Wastes as a Limestone Alternative in Cementitious Materials
Authors: Rux Kylee , Tuen Montale , Suraneni Prannoy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Efforts to decarbonize the concrete industry have motivated the use of alternative sustainable materials. While limestone fillers are promising, reducing reliance on virgin materials and natural resources remains essential. Shell waste from seafood and egg production are available in large quantities and their disposal poses several environmental challenges. Utilizing these CaCO3-containing waste shells as an alternative to conventional limestone can divert shell waste from landfills while lessening cement demand. To test this hypothesis, five types of waste shells were ground into powder, including oyster shells, mussel shells, crab shells, shrimp shells, and eggshells. The raw shell powders were first characterized, followed by testing of hydration kinetics and mechanical properties. Results indicated that shell powders were analogous to limestone filler, consisting primarily of calcite, with the exception of shrimp shells. Small amounts of organics were also present in the shell materials. Incorporation of eggshell or oyster shell at a 20% cement replacement yielded compressive strengths similar to limestone after 28 days of curing, but other materials reduced strength. The mortar flow and compressive strength were likely influenced by morphology, size, chemical composition, and organics of the shell powders. The findings of this study indicate that substituting limestone filler in cementitious materials with recycled shell materials is feasible.
Preliminary validation for an online configuration determination method of a thin film buckling under point contact force
Authors: Kim Yeoun-Jae , Wi Daehan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The authors previously developed an online thin film buckling configuration determination method for a mini basket typemapping catheter prototype, which incorporates eight thin film sensor strips. In the prior study, no external force was appliedto the thin film, and only axial displacement was adjusted to induce buckling in the thin film. Extending this prior work, apreliminary methodological validation is conducted for an online configuration determination method of thin film buckling undera point contact force. The overall thin film configuration determination problem is formulated as a constrained optimizationproblem, involving five variables and five equality constraint functions. Before developing an actual online optimizationsolver, preliminary numerical calculations, Ansys simulations, and experiments are performed to verify the proposed problemformulation. The comparison between the numerical precalculations, Ansys simulations, and experimental results demonstratedthat the proposed problem formulation is consistent with Ansys simulations and experimental outcomes. This indicates that theproposed formulation is capable of calculating accurate solutions using appropriate optimization methodologies.
Disease diagnosis in Cassava leaves using CNN design and ResNet algorithm
Authors: L SnehaSnigdha M , Bandlamudi Srilakshmi , Polagani Roshini , Badugu Deva Harsha , Shaik Khajavali , Arepalli Gopi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Growth rate of crops is significantly lowered by illnesses that affect plants. It is impossible for anyone to eat the crops since they are tainted with various diseases. Farmers may suffer enormous losses as a consequence. Since cassava is an important food source in several countries, the financial system might be seriously damaged by the issue at hand. Traditional plant pathogen detection is labour-intensive and error-prone. It is not typically a dependable strategy to identify and stop the spread of plant viruses. Innovative technologies like deep learning as well as machine learning might aid in the early detection of plant diseases as an approach to get around these problems. The main goal of the work is to employ deep learning to image classification in order to accurately identify diseases that especially impact cassava plants. This recognition may make it possible to implement preventative measures like the specific application of chemical pesticides or confinement of contaminated crops. Each and every training and testing image comes from a rural area in the natural world. Using a specific collection of information, the simulation has been verified to ascertain its true results. The installation of a precise disease identification and mitigation model has the potential to significantly increase the durability of the cassava crop, improving food production and the quality of life for millions of people who are dependent upon this valuable crop.
Environmental conditions modulate hermaphroditic pathways in Salpa thompsoni near the Western Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Müller Svenja J. , Meyer Bettina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Field observations during summer-fall of 2018 in the Antarctic Peninsula region provided the first morphological evidence that under certain environmental conditions Salpa thompsoni blastozooid development can deviate from its traditional “sequential protogynous hermaphroditism” (SPH). Early male testis development at female blastozooid stages points to a wide-spread “overlapping protogynous hermaphroditism” (OPH) in regions where warm Antarctic Circumpolar Current waters mix with colder Antarctic Coastal waters. Our findings highlight the importance of the environmental setting in determining the reproductive pathway in Salpa thompsoni. The OPH was observed in cooler and less productive waters, while SPH occured in both warmer and cooler productive waters. It appears that food availability may offset the effect of decreasing water temperatures for warm-water S. thompsoni. It is plausible that the OPH may permit the establishment of the S. thompsoni populations in the high Antarctic under the warming trend in the Southern Ocean.
Cortical Gray Matter Volume Associations with Dietary Fiber and Calorie Density: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pallapothu Raghav , Newman-Norlund Roger D. , Gibson Makayla , Kannan Pranesh Rajesh , Rorden Chris , Bonilha Leo , Fridriksson Julius 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia are associated with significant societal costs and economic burdens and have been associated with decreases in cortical gray matter volume. This pilot cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between total fiber concentration in diet, total calorie density per diet, and regional GMV in a cohort of 190 patients aged 20 to 79 years, utilizing data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey Supplement and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) collected at the McCausland Center for Brain Imaging. Gray matter volumes were quantified using the CAT12 voxel-based morphometry toolbox and statistical correlations between GMV and dietary measures were assessed using Spearman’s rank order correlation coefficient. Our exploratory analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between dietary fiber consumption and GMV in 16 different areas, including the right Hippocampus (r (190) = 0.196, p = 0.003) and left Hippocampus (r (190) = 0.135, p = 0.032), when controlling for age and race of participants. Our analyses revealed significantly negative correlations between total calorie density per diet and localized GMV in 3 different brain areas, including the right Precentral Gyrus (r (190) = -0.15, p = 0.039) and right Thalamic Pulvinar (r (190) = -0.155, p = 0.033), when controlling for participant race. Together, our initial findings suggest that dietary fiber and calorie density are associated with GMV even after controlling for relevant demographic variables. If replicated, these findings could have important implications for dietary advice given to individuals at risk for developing MCI or more serious forms of dementia.
Improving ROS and expression of SOD, APX, and CAT genes in pear seedlings inoculated with Erwinia amylovora through encapsulated bioactive compounds
Authors: Faramarzidozein Rouhollah , Motamedi Elaheh , Tarighi Saeed , Oskoueian Ehsan , Bostan Aram 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of an encapsulated powder containing savory essential oil and calcium propionate salt on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of antioxidant genes (SOD, APX, CAT) in pear seedlings (cv. Spadona) inoculated with E. amylovora (ATCC 49946). To this goal, firstly, the antioxidant activity of 7 types of herbal essential oils (T. daenensis, T. vulgaris, S. hortensis, Z. multiflora, M. spicata, O. majorana, and T. ammi), with 10 types of different organic acid salts ) calcium acetate, calcium lactate, calcium citrate, calcium propionate, potassium acetate, potassium lactate, potassium citrate, magnesium acetate, magnesium lactate, and magnesium citrate) were separately evaluated in the laboratory. Next, the most effective candidates (calcium propionate salt + S. hortensis essential oil) were capsulated in maltodextrin and modified starch by spray drying technique. To evaluate the efficiency of the encapsulated powder, the greenhouse experiment was designed using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments. The findings demonstrated that increasing the concentration of the encapsulated powder treatment led to a relative increase in the expression of the antioxidant genes (SOD, APX, CAT) compared to the reference gene (GAPDH). The highest effect on SOD, APX, and CAT gene expression was seen in the third treatment (T3), while the first treatment (T1) had the lowest effect. Additionally, T1, T2, and T3 treatments decreased the amount of Malondialdehyde (MDA), but these treatments led to a relative increase in total phenolic content (TPC) in the pear leaves compared to the control treatment.
Machine learning to identify suitable boundaries for band-pass spectral analysis of dynamic [11C]Ro15-4513 PET scan and voxel-wise parametric map generation
Authors: Chang Zeyu , McGinnity Colm J , Hinz Rainer , Wang Manlin , Dunn Joel , Liu Ruoyang , Yakubu Mubaraq , Marsden Paul , Hammers Alexander 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Spectral analysis is a model-free quantification technique that treats the time-space signal as an impulse response to a bolus injection.Band-pass spectral analysis, considering specific frequency ranges, enables calculation of separate parametric maps of receptor subtype tracer binding for suitable radiopharmaceuticals. Frequency ranges are based on blocking studies. The process currently requires the manual selection of frequency ranges based on the data. To enhance the efficiency of band-pass spectral analysis and extend its application to a broader range of tracers, we propose employing machine learning to automate the selection of spectral boundaries. Based on these boundaries, voxel-wise parametric maps can be generated.Results:The best machine learning model agreed with the manual frequency boundary in 96.78% of the 3185 cases. The absolute mean error was 3.80% for slow component volume-of-distribution (V \(_s\) ) and 4.74% for fast component volume-of-distribution(V \(_f\) ), while the relative error was 2.83% ± 43.47% for V$_s$ and -2.01% ± 78.04% for V$_f$. The median intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) arross six representative regions was 0.770 for V$_s$, 0.670 for V$_f$, and 0.502 for total component volume-of-distribution(V \(_t\) ).Parameter maps applying different boundaries for different ROIs were generated.Conclusion: The machine learning model developed provided accurate boundary predictions in 96.78% of regions, with minimal average bias. However, when errors occur, they can be large, owing to the sparsity of peaks. The model enables setting boundaries automatically for the vast majority of regions, followed by manual checking of the outliers. It opens the possibility of accelerating analyses e.g. of GABA\textsubscript{A}\(\alpha\)1/2/3/5 subunit binding using [11C]flumazenil and of extending band-pass spectral analysis to other receptor systems.