bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Démocrature en Europe du Centre-Est : trente ans après 1989
Authors: Rupnik Jacques 
Published: May 2019

L’Europe centrale fait son retour dans les perceptions occidentales, pour des raisons inverses cependant de celles de 1989. Ce n’est plus la démocratisation mais, au contraire, la régression autoritaire baptisée « démocratie illibérale » qui focalise l’attention. Trente ans après la chute du mur de Berlin, on oppose société démocratique et société ouverte. Comment expliquer ce retournement ? Quels en sont les traits principaux et comment définir ces régimes hybrides qui s’éloignent de la démocratie libérale sans sombrer dans la dictature ?
Fantaisies constitutionnelles
Authors: Sureau François 
Published: May 2019

La « démocrature », combinaison inédite des procédures formelles de la démocratie représentative avec la démagogie autoritaire, est peut-être une pente sur laquelle nous sommes engagés. Son origine se trouve dans le discrédit des institutions traditionnelles, et dans la perte de confiance à l’égard des gouvernants qui en résulte. Peut-on prendre un autre chemin, notamment en distinguant mieux, dans notre démocratie, la fonction d’incarnation de la nation de la fonction de gouvernement ? Une révision constitutionnelle peut-elle le permettre ? Est-elle seulement possible ?
Analyse géographique sur les sports de plage au prisme des transformations et tendances en cours. Essai de synthèse
Authors: Piraudeau Bertrand 
Published: May 2019

Les sports de plage apportent des éclairages sur les cultures, les territoires littoraux et les sociétés auxquelles ils sont associés. En croisant les contributions en géographie du sport, géographie du littoral et géographie du tourisme, cette étude aborde la question de l’évolution des activités et des espaces récréatifs et sportifs pratiquées sur la frange littorale. L’analyse conduite sur l’ensemble des sports de plage combine plusieurs sources : observations directes, publications en sciences humaines et sociales, informations recueillies	via Internet (collectivités, associations, fédérations, quotidiens régionaux…), entretiens avec des acteurs publics et privés en interaction sur les territoires littoraux. L’étude de la diversité des sports de plage permet de réinterpréter les enjeux, les lieux et les conditions de développement de ces activités ludosportives. Tout en relevant les aspects dichotomiques (cadre fédéral/cadre ludosportif) elle ambitionne de dégager les transformations et les tendances en cours dont la dominante tient à des pratiques en quête d’hédonisme dans un environnement récréatif et sportif.
Regard sur l’hétéronormativité au sein d’une UFR STAPS : la normalisation des corps en jeu
Authors: Drivet Noémie , Champely Stéphane , Ottogalli-Mazzacavallo Cécile 
Published: May 2019

À partir d’une analyse des travaux menés en France sur l’homophobie dans le sport (dans les cadres associatifs et scolaires), cette étude a questionné, entre janvier et mars 2016, 413 étudiant·es en STAPS concernant leur perception de l’homosexualité, leur vécu et connaissance de l’homophobie et les apports de leur formation par rapport à ces points. Ce premier état des lieux met en exergue une banalisation et un usage quotidien de violences verbales, sociales et physiques qui hiérarchisent et divisent les sexes et les sexualités, assorti d’une faible prise de conscience professionnelle des processus à l’œuvre. En perspective de ce travail, s’engage une réflexion autour de l’utilisation du langage concernant l’homosexualité, autour de l’évolution des normes en place et autour du discours et positionnement des enseignant·es de la formation universitaire.
<b> O vivido do processo da cesariana desvelado por enfermeiras/ The living of the process of the cesarean section unveiled by nurses
Authors: Arreguy-Sena Cristina , Motta Franciane Vilela Réche da , Souza Rafael Carlos Macedo de , Peixoto Raquel Dos Santos Rosa , Melo Maria Carmen Simões Cardoso de , Salimena Anna Maria de Oliveira 
Published: May 2019

Este estudo objetivou compreender significados e desvelar sentidos de enfermeiras que vivenciaram o processo de suas cesarianas. Pesquisa de natureza qualitativa com abordagem fenomenológica com o aporte metodológico/filosófico de Martin Heidegger e a Teoria de Jean Watson. Participaram nove enfermeiras que realizaram o parto por cesárea no interior da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, por meio da técnica de bola de neve em encontros fenomenológicos, nos meses de junho/agosto de 2016. As participantes mostraram-se inautênticas na escolha das possibilidades de nascimento do filho e durante a cesariana, pois não foram protagonistas nas decisões da via de parto e não tiveram sua autonomia e liberdade de escolha respeitada. O diálogo entre a mulher e o obstetra mostrou-se distante, e a hegemonia médica se sobrepôs sobre a vontade da mulher. O temor foi desvelado ao relatarem medo de tomar a decisão pela via de parto por conta própria e o pavor da anestesia. Os conhecimentos científicos não foram suficientes para que a mulher-enfermeira se tornasse empoderada na escolha da via de parto e do próprio parto. A mulher como ser existencial mostrou-se lançada na impropriedade na ocasião da escolha pela via de parto e durante a própria cesariana.
<b>O enfermeiro e o cuidado ao indígena idoso: o olhar gerontológico/ Nurses and healthcare for the elderly indigenous people: the gerontological perspective<b>
Authors: Coelho Liliana Pereira , Coelho Maria Carlota Rezende , Olympio Paula Cristina de Andrade Pires , Oliveira Lavínia Santos de Souza , Massaroni Leila , Maciel Paulete Maria Ambrósio 
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as práticas de cuidado à saúde realizadas pelos enfermeiros aos indígenas idosos nas terras indígenas localizadas no Espírito Santo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada no período de novembro a dezembro de 2015, com enfermeiros que trabalham nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde Indígena. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática, a qual derivou nas seguintes categorias: As atividades administrativas voltadas para o cuidado; As atividades assistenciais voltadas para o cuidado; e As atividades educativas voltadas para o cuidado. O modelo atual de atenção à saúde indígena, implantado há 19 anos, ainda pode ser caracterizado como um processo em construção. Pode-se dizer que as políticas públicas avançaram, mas há muito a ser feito para sua efetivação e destinação de serviços de qualidade. É essencial que o enfermeiro compreenda a realidade onde atua e reflita sobre sua prática, busque referenciais teóricos na enfermagem transcultural, para que possa atender de forma integral o indígena, planejando as ações para lidar com o seu processo de envelhecimento, a partir do conhecimento dos hábitos de vida, valores culturais, éticos e religiosos.
Armored Inducible Expression of IL-12 Enhances Antitumor Activity of Glypican-3–Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Engineered T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ying , Di Shengmeng , Shi Bizhi , Zhang Honghong , Wang Yi , Wu Xiuqi , Luo Hong , Wang Huamao , Li Zonghai , Jiang Hua 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy based on chimeric antigen receptor–modified T (CAR-T) cells has been demonstrated as one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in the treatment of malignancies. However, CAR-T cell therapy has shown limited efficacy for the treatment of solid tumors. This is, in part, because of tumor heterogeneity and a hostile tumor microenvironment, which could suppress adoptively transferred T cell activity. In this study, we, respectively, engineered human- or murine-derived–armored glypican-3 (GPC3)–specific CAR-T cells capable of inducibly expressing IL-12 (GPC3-28Z-NFAT-IL-12) T cells. The results showed that GPC3-28Z-NFAT-IL-12 T cells could lyse GPC3+ tumor cells specifically and increase cytokine secretion compared with GPC3-28Z T cells in vitro. In vivo, GPC3-28Z-NFAT-IL-12 T cells augmented the antitumor effect when encountering GPC3+ large tumor burdens, which could be attributed to IL-12 increasing IFN-γ production, favoring T cells infiltration and persistence. Furthermore, in immunocompetent hosts, low doses of GPC3-m28Z-mNFAT-mIL-12 T cells exerted superior antitumor efficacy without prior conditioning in comparison with GPC3-m28Z T cells. Also, mIL-12 secretion decreased regulatory T cell infiltration in established tumors. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that the inducible expression of IL-12 could boost CAR-T function with less potential side effects, both in immunodeficient and immunocompetent hosts. The inducibly expressed IL-12–armored GPC3–CAR-T cells could broaden the application of CAR-T–based immunotherapy to patients intolerant of lymphodepletion chemotherapy and might provide an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with GPC3+ cancers.
Eosinophils Do Not Drive Acute Muscle Pathology in the mdx Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Sek Albert C. , Moore Ian N. , Smelkinson Margery G. , Pak Katherine , Minai Mahnaz , Smith Roberta , Ma Michelle , Percopo Caroline M. , Rosenberg Helene F. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Eosinophils are present in muscle lesions associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and dystrophin-deficient mdx mice that phenocopy this disorder. Although it has been hypothesized that eosinophils promote characteristic inflammatory muscle damage, this has not been fully examined. In this study, we generated mice with the dystrophin mutation introduced into PHIL, a strain with a transgene that directs lineage-specific eosinophil ablation. We also explored the impact of eosinophil overabundance on dystrophinopathy by introducing the dystrophin mutation into IL-5 transgenic mice. We evaluated the degree of eosinophil infiltration in association with myofiber size distribution, centralized nuclei, serum creatine kinase, and quantitative histopathology scores. Among our findings, eosinophils were prominent in the quadriceps muscles of 4-wk-old male mdx mice but no profound differences were observed in the quantitative measures of muscle damage when comparing mdx versus mdx.PHIL versus mdx.IL5tg mice, despite dramatic differences in eosinophil infiltration (CD45+CD11c−Gr1−MHC class IIloSiglecF+ eosinophils at 1.2 ± 0.34% versus &lt;0.1% versus 20 ± 7.6% of total cells, respectively). Further evaluation revealed elevated levels of eosinophil chemoatttractants eotaxin-1 and RANTES in the muscle tissue of all three dystrophin-deficient strains; eotaxin-1 concentration in muscle correlated inversely with age. Cytokines IL-4 and IL-1R antagonist were also detected in association with eosinophils in muscle. Taken together, our findings challenge the long-held perception of eosinophils as cytotoxic in dystrophin-deficient muscle; we show clearly that eosinophil infiltration is not a driving force behind acute muscle damage in the mdx mouse strain. Ongoing studies will focus on the functional properties of eosinophils in this unique microenvironment.
Species of the diatom taxa &lt;i&gt;Aulacodiscus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Trinacria&lt;/i&gt; with biostratigraphic utility in Palaeogene and Neogene North Sea sediments
Authors: Mitlehner Alexander G. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Species of Aulacodiscus and Trinacria, two important marine diatom genera with biostratigraphic utility in offshore North Sea exploration and onshore correlation, are identified, described and emended and the North Sea microfaunal zonation scheme is revised accordingly. Occurring mainly as pyritised diatom moulds or steinkerns, detailed scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of several specimens, formerly in open nomenclature, has allowed the correct taxonomic identification of pyritised morphologies found to belong to the genus Aulacodiscus, including A. allorgei, A. heterostictus, A. insignis, A. singilewskyanus, A. subexcavatus and A. suspectus. The important marker species Trinacria regina is emended. SEM studies, using specimens preserved in pyrite and original silica, have shed further light on the varying forms and frustule morphology of Trinacria regina so that valves and frustules formerly thought to represent separate species are now found to be grouped within this taxon; SEM studies have shown that many of these variations represent different valves within a chain, whilst others may signify ecophenotypic variants. Emendments are therefore made to clarify the taxonomic status of different variants within T. regina, important in the Palaeocene–Eocene boundary interval onshore and offshore such as the Sele and Balder formations and the Fur Formation diatomite of Jutland, Denmark. Species of taxa formerly in open nomenclature are now assigned to Aulacodiscus insignis, which are important offshore markers in offshore late Oligocene to early Miocene sediments in northwest Europe.
Mediation bij ZSM Midden-Nederland
Authors: van der Plas Britt 
Published: May 2019

Mediation at ZSM Midden-Nederland The role of criminal justice partners and optimization of referrals
This article is based on research into the use of mediation in criminal cases at ZSM Midden-Nederland. It focusses on the question how referrals to mediation can be optimized. The research shows that there is much room for improvement and a broader deployment of mediation. Lack of knowledge of the criminal justice partners involved, leads to misconceptions about the mediation process, about which institution should be deployed, and about the (in)suitability of cases for mediation. This lack of knowledge seems to be greatest among the police, while they play an important role within ZSM. Moreover, Victim Support Netherlands has a dominant role in the choice whether or not to refer to mediation. The overall conclusion is that mediation is not yet sufficiently anchored in the criminal justice partners’ system.
De in zichzelf gekeerde Nationale Politie
Authors: van Stokkom Bas 
Published: May 2019

The self-absorbed National Police Mediation and neighbourhood empowerment out of sight?
How does the police deal with conflict resolution and (referrals to) mediation? Is this perceived as relevant within the new national police organization? This article elaborates on work processes within the National Police, including ZSM-settlements, the punitive aspects of police culture and the impoverishment of neighborhood-oriented police work. It is concluded that there is little room within the police for responsive approaches to crime and social unsafety. However, there are still police professionals who question ‘assembly line’-processing of criminal cases, support restorative justice strategies and try to improve the citizen-empowerment in neighbourhoods.
Een nieuwe Aanbeveling van de Raad van Europa: naar een duurzame verankering van het herstelrecht?
Authors: Aertsen Ivo 
Published: May 2019

A new Recommendation by the Council of Europe on restorative justice: towards a sustainable implementation of restorative justice?
This article presents and critically discusses a new Recommendation on restorative justice (CM/Rec(2018)8) that was adopted on 3 October 2018 by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. This new regulation builds on the previous Recommendation No. R(99)19 on mediation in penal matters and recommends the governments of the 47 member States of the Council of Europe the adopt and implement the principles of restorative justice as described in the Appendix of the new Recommendation. These guidelines apply to national authorities and national agencies in general, and to judges, public prosecutors, police, prisons, probation, juvenile justice agencies, victim support services and restorative justice services in particular. The article presents the origins of the Recommendation, its contents and its meaning for restorative justice developments in Europe and beyond.
MicroRNA‐125a inhibits tumorigenesis by targeting Smurf1 in colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Li Dongbin , Xu Xiangmei , Miao Jihao , Cai Jianhui 
Published: May 2019

Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) may contribute to the initiation and development of multiple types of human cancer. Several miRNAs have been found to be strongly correlated with the diagnosis, progression, and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC), but the role of miR‐125a in CRC remains unclear. In the present study, the function of miR‐125a on the expression of Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1) was investigated in vitro and in vivo. We verified that Smurf1 is a downstream target gene of miR‐125a and is involved in miR‐125a‐mediated regulation of CT26 cell (colon cancer cell) proliferation and migration. Overexpression of miR‐125a suppresses CT26 cell growth by inhibiting cell proliferation. Additionally, wound healing assays were performed to show that overexpression of miR‐125a significantly reduced CT26 cell migration, which was reversed by overexpression of Smurf1. In vivo, miR‐125a overexpression downregulated the expression of Ki67 and Smurf1, thus leading to a marked reduction in tumor growth. These results revealed that miR‐125a plays a critical role in CRC by directly targeting Smurf1, a finding that may facilitate the development of improved diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for CRC.
Monolithic Fabrication of NPN/SiNx Dual Membrane Cavity for Nanopore‐Based DNA Sensing
Authors: Madejski Gregory R. , Briggs Kyle , DesOrmeaux Jon‐Paul , Miller Joshua J. , Roussie James A. , Tabard‐Cossa Vincent , McGrath James L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNanoscale preconfinement of DNA is shown to reduce the variation of passage times through solid‐state nanopores. Preconfinement is previously achieved by forming a femtoliter‐sized cavity capped with a highly porous layer of nanoporous silicon nitride (NPN). This cavity is formed by sealing a NPN nanofilter membrane against a substrate chip using water vapor delamination. Ultimately, this method of fabrication cannot keep a consistent spacing between the filter and solid‐state nanopore due to thermal fluctuations and wrinkles in the membrane, nor can it be fabricated on thousands of individual devices reliably. To overcome these issues, a method is presented to fabricate the femtoliter cavity monolithically, using a selective xenon difluoride (XeF2) etch to hollow out a polysilicon (poly‐Si) spacer sandwiched between silicon nitride (SiNx) layers. These monolithically fabricated cavities behave identically to their counterparts formed by vapor delamination, exhibiting similar translocation passage time variation reduction and folding suppression of DNA without requiring extensive manual assembly. The ability to form nanocavity sensors with nanometer‐scale precision and to reliably manufacture them at scale using batch wafer processing techniques will find numerous applications, including motion control of polymers for single‐molecule detection applications, filtering of dirty samples prior to nanopore detection, and simple fabrication of single‐molecule nanobioreactors.
Digital Texture Voxels for Stretchable Morphing Skin Applications
Authors: Lamuta Caterina , He Honglu , Zhang Kaihao , Rogalski Michael , Sottos Nancy , Tawfick Sameh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe skin of the cephalopod is a 3D display, where the papillae muscles control the protrusion of each voxel by several millimeters out of the skin plane, create hierarchical textures, and collectively change the overall skin pattern in a fraction of a second. A material system capable of mimicking this response using electromechanical actuation of twisted spiral artificial muscles (TSAMs) is presented in this study. TSAMs leverage the mechanics of their twisted geometry to extend out of plane by 8 mm, corresponding to 2000% strain using a voltage of only 0.02 V mm−1. They are made of polymer fibers wrapped with a helical metal wire. These actuators are assembled on a stretchable skin with the required flexible electrical connections to form an array of digital texture voxels (DTVs). The DTV array produces arbitrary 3D surface patterns on‐demand, and provides opportunities to control hydrodynamic drag, camouflage, and haptic displays.
Nonfullerene n‐Type Organic Semiconductors for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCompared to inorganic semiconductors and/or fullerene derivatives, nonfullerene n‐type organic semiconductors present some advantages, such as low‐temperature processing, flexibility, and molecule structure diversity, and have been widely used in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this research news article, the recent advances in nonfullerene n‐type organic semiconductors which function as electron‐transporting, interface‐modifying, additive, and light‐harvesting materials in PSCs are summarized. The remaining challenges and promising future directions of nonfullerene‐based PSCs are also discussed.
A High‐Throughput Mass Spectrometric Enzyme Activity Assay Enabling the Discovery of Cytochrome P450 Biocatalysts
Authors: de Rond Tristan , Gao Jian , Zargar Amin , de Raad Markus , Cunha Jack , Northen Trent R. , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAssaying for enzymatic activity is a persistent bottleneck in biocatalyst and drug development. Existing high‐throughput assays for enzyme activity tend to be applicable only to a narrow range of biochemical transformations, whereas universal enzyme characterization methods usually require chromatography to determine substrate turnover, greatly diminishing throughput. We present an enzyme activity assay that allows the high‐throughput mass‐spectrometric detection of enzyme activity in complex matrices without the need for a chromatographic step. This technology, which we call probing enzymes with click‐assisted NIMS (PECAN), can detect the activity of medically and biocatalytically significant cytochrome P450s in cell lysate, microsomes, and bacteria. Using this approach, a cytochrome P450BM3 mutant library was successfully screened for the ability to catalyze the oxidation of the sesquiterpene valencene.
Superionic Conduction over a Wide Temperature Range in a Metal–Organic Framework Impregnated with Ionic Liquids
Authors: Yoshida Yukihiro , Fujie Kazuyuki , Lim Dae‐Woon , Ikeda Ryuichi , Kitagawa Hiroshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost molecules in confined spaces show markedly different behaviors from those in the bulk. Large pores are composed of two regions: an interface region in which liquids interact with the pore surface, and a core region in which liquids behave as bulk. The realization of a highly mobile ionic liquid (IL) in a mesoporous metal–organic framework (MOF) is now reported. The hybrid shows a high room‐temperature conductivity (4.4×10−3 S cm−1) and low activation energy (0.20 eV); both not only are among the best values reported for IL‐incorporated MOFs but also are classified as a superionic conductor. The conductivity reaches over 10−2 S cm−1 above 343 K and follows the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation up to ca. 400 K. In particular, the hybrid is advantageous at low temperatures (<263 K), where the ionic conduction is superior to that of bulk IL, making it useful as solid‐state electrolytes for electrochemical devices operating over a wide temperature range.