bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan among older children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Kuwait
Authors: Mohamed Kholoud , Al-Abdulrazzaq Dalia , Fayed Amel , El Busairi Eman , Al Shawaf Faisal , Abdul-Rasoul Majedah , Shaltout Azza A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
To evaluate the safety of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan among children and adolescent with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 50 children and adolescents with T1D whose mean age was 12.7 ± 2.1 years was conducted. Twenty-seven patients (54%) were on multiple daily injections (MDI) insulin regimen and 23 (46%) were on insulin pump therapy. Before fasting for Ramadan, children and their families were evaluated and educated about diabetes management during Ramadan. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), weight, number of days fasted, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia episodes, and emergency hospital visits were collected and analyzed after completing the month. Participants were compared according to the insulin treatment regimen and their glycemic control level before Ramadan.

Results
The children were able to fast 20 ± 9.9 days of Ramadan, and the most common cause for breaking the fast was mild hypoglycemia (7.8% among all cases). There was no significant difference between the two insulin regimen groups in breaking fast days, frequency of hypo- or hyperglycemia, weight and HbA1c changes post Ramadan. Patients with HbA1c ≤ 8.5% were able to fast more days during Ramadan with significantly less-frequent hypoglycemic attacks as compared to patients with HbA1c > 8.5 (1.2 ± 1.5 vs. 3.3 ± 2.9 days of hypoglycemia, p = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusions
Fasting for children with T1D above the age of 10 years is feasible and safe in both pump and non-pump users, and well-controlled patients are less likely to develop complications. Education of the families and their children before Ramadan, along with intensive monitoring of fasting children during the month are crucial.
Association of dietary intake below recommendations and micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy and low birthweight
Authors: Shankar Hari , Kumar Neeta , Sandhir Rajat , Singh Mrigendra Pal , Mittal Suneeta , Adhikari Tulsi , Tarique Mohd. , Kaur Parmeet , Radhika M.S. , Kumar Arun , Rao D.N. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Pregnancy is associated with biochemical changes leading to increased nutritional demands for the developing fetus that result in altered micronutrient status. The Indian dietary pattern is highly diversified and the data about dietary intake patterns, blood micronutrient profiles and their relation to low birthweight (LBW) is scarce.

Methods
Healthy pregnant women (HPW) were enrolled and followed-up to their assess dietary intake of nutrients, micronutrient profiles and birthweight using a dietary recall method, serum analysis and infant weight measurements, respectively.

Results
At enrolment, more than 90% of HPW had a dietary intake below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA). A significant change in the dietary intake pattern of energy, protein, fat, vitamin A and vitamin C (P < 0.001) was seen except for iron (Fe) [chi-squared (χ2) = 3.16, P = 0.177]. Zinc (Zn) deficiency, magnesium deficiency (MgDef) and anemia ranged between 54–67%, 18–43% and 33–93% which was aggravated at each follow-up visit (P ≤ 0.05). MgDef was significantly associated with LBW [odds ratio (OR): 4.21; P = 0.01] and the risk exacerbate with the persistence of deficiency along with gestation (OR: 7.34; P = 0.04). Pre-delivery (OR: 0.57; P = 0.04) and postpartum (OR: 0.37; P = 0.05) anemia, and a vitamin A-deficient diet (OR: 3.78; P = 0.04) were significantly associated with LBW. LBW risk was much higher in women consuming a vitamin A-deficient diet throughout gestation compared to vitamin A-sufficient dietary intake (OR: 10.00; P = 0.05).

Conclusion
The studied population had a dietary intake well below the RDA. MgDef, anemia and a vitamin A-deficient diet were found to be associated with an increased likelihood of LBW. Nutrient enrichment strategies should be used to combat prevalent micronutrient deficiencies and LBW.
Consonant strengthening: A crosslinguistic survey and articulatory proposal
Authors: Bybee Joan , Easterday Shelece 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGiven the common intuition that consonant lenition occurs more often than fortition, we formulate this as a hypothesis, defining these sound change types in terms of decrease or increase in oral constriction. We then test the hypothesis on allophonic processes in a diverse sample of 81 languages. With the hypothesis confirmed, we examine the input and output of such sound changes in terms of manner and place of articulation and find that while decrease in oral constriction (weakening) affects most consonant types, increase in oral constriction (strengthening) is largely restricted to palatal and labial glides. We conclude that strengthening does not appear to be the simple inverse of weakening. In conclusion we suggest some possible avenues for explaining how glide strengthening may result from articulatory production pressures and speculate that strengthening and weakening can be encompassed under a single theory of sound change resulting from the automatization of production.
Fabrication of Ag Np-coated wetlace nonwoven fabric based on amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer
Authors: Zhang Guangyu , Wang Dao , Xiao Yao , Dai Jiamu , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To prepare antibacterial fabrics with simple approach, wood pulp/viscose fibers and amino-capped silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) solution were utilized to form Ag Nps-coated wetlace nonwove fabric. Characterization of the Ag Nps and prepared wetlace nonwoven fabric was performed in virtue of TEM, UV-vis, XRD, ICP-AES, FESEM, EDS mapping and antibacterial test. FESEM and EDS characterizations demonstrated the hierarchical and uniform coating of high-density Ag NPs on wood pulp fibers, and antibacterial test indicated the excellent antibacterial activity of prepared wetlace nonwoven fabric.
What do we know about actinides-proteins interactions?
Authors: Creff Gaëlle , Zurita Cyril , Jeanson Aurélie , Carle Georges , Vidaud Claude , Den Auwer Christophe 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Since the early 40s when the first research related to the development of the atomic bomb began for the Manhattan Project, actinides (An) and their association with the use of nuclear energy for civil applications, such as in the generation of electricity, have been a constant source of interest and fear. In 1962, the first Society of Toxicology (SOT), led by H. Hodge, was established at the University of Rochester (USA). It was commissioned as part of the Manhattan Project to assess the impact of nuclear weapons production on workers’ health. As a result of this initiative, the retention and excretion rates of radioactive heavy metals, their physiological impact in the event of acute exposure and their main biological targets were assessed. In this context, the scientific community began to focus on the role of proteins in the transportation and in vivo accumulation of An. The first studies focused on the identification of these proteins. Thereafter, the continuous development of physico-chemical characterization techniques has made it possible to go further and specify the modes of interaction with proteins from both a thermodynamic and structural point of view, as well as from the point of view of their biological activity. This article reviews the work performed in this area since the Manhattan Project. It is divided into three parts: first, the identification of the most affine proteins; second, the study of the affinity and structure of protein-An complexes; and third, the impact of actinide ligation on protein conformation and function.
Exosome-encapsulated microRNAs as promising biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chen Jian-jiao , Yang Guang , Yan Qing-qing , Zhao Jie , Li Shao 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that locks into long clinical latency and low curative ratio. Therefore, early diagnosis before the clinical phase is quite essential and may be effective for therapeutic prevention. Peripheral blood or cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers symbolizing functional neuronal impairment are gradually applied to diagnose AD in research studies. Exosomes have generated immense interest in the diagnosis field of neurodegenerative disorders after confirmation of their roles as mediators, delivering important proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) in intercellular communication. Compelling research results reveal that miRNAs released from exosomes modulate expression and function of amyloid precursor proteins and tau proteins. These findings open up possibility that dysfunctional exosomal miRNAs may influence AD progression. In this review, we summarized the existing knowledge of exosomal miRNAs and their involvement in AD, emphasizing their potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers during the preclinical phase of AD.
Designing the Next Generation of HIV Prevention Efficacy Trials: Synopsis of a 2018 Symposium
Authors: Janes Holly , Donnell Deborah , Nason Martha 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A one-day symposium was held in Seattle, Washington on November 5, 2018, including a broad array of stakeholders in the HIV prevention community. The topic of discussion was the challenge of designing future HIV prevention efficacy trials, given the multiplicity and speed of changes in the field in recent years, the development and rollout of effective prevention tools, and the resultant complexity in designing trials to evaluate new HIV prevention products. The goal was to identify potential statistical trial design approaches worthy of further investigation, as well as gaps in understanding and logical next steps. We overview the themes that emerged from the presentations, panels, and floor discussions, and outline initial next steps in further exploring design options.
Fibroelastoma in an unusual location: a rare cause of multiple cerebrovascular events
Authors: Mashicharan Mary , El-Dean Zein , Zlocha Viktor , Khoo Jeffrey 
Published: July 2019

Summary
Fibroelastomas are rare, primary cardiac tumours with a predilection for valvular endothelium and a propensity to embolise. We present the case of a 72-year-old male with multiple cerebrovascular events (CVA) despite oral anticoagulation. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) revealed a small highly mobile left atrial mass with frond-like projections attached by a stalk to the orifice of the LAA. The mass was surgically excised and confirmed to be a fibroelastoma on histological examination. This case report describes a rare but treatable source of multiple cerebrovascular events and highlights the utility of TOE in the assessment of cardiac embolic source.
'Kawaii' in the semiotic landscape
Authors: Hiramoto Mie , Wee Lionel 
Published: July 2019

The Japanese word kawaii means ‘cute’, ‘lovable’ or ‘adorable’ and is used to express the quality of cuteness or kawaiiaesthetics in the general context of Japanese culture. This concept has become prominent in many aspects of Japanese modern culture, including clothing, personal appearance, food, toys, behaviour and mannerisms. While entities culturally characterized as kawaii are considered adorable and delicate, they also tend to appeal to people’s deep inward affections in a visceral manner. Scholarly discussions of kawaii have tended to focus on speci?c entities like commodi?ed objects or school children, and these target entities are treated as relatively isolable units that happen to be imbued with kawaii attributes. Concomitantly, this also means that the question of how kawaiientities or other features associated with kawaii aesthetics might be integrated into the broader sociocultural environment has tended to remain relatively underexplored. Drawing attention to kawaii as a key component of Japanese material culture, this paper investigates selected kawaii data taken from banal civic signs in Tokyo’s semiotic landscapes. We then analyse the role of kawaii in matters traditionally not associated with kawaii through the lens of affection and viscerality.
'The grammar of knowledge: A cross-linguistic typology' by Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald and Robert M. W. Dixon (eds) (2014)
Authors: Dwivedi Amitabh 
Published: July 2019

The grammar of knowledge: A cross-linguistic typology Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald and Robert M. W. Dixon (eds) (2014) Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Pp. xxii +289 ISBN: 9780198701316
'Inheritance and innovation in a colonial language: Towards a usage-based account of French Guianese Creole' by William Jennings and Stefan Pfänder (2018)
Authors: Siegel Jason 
Published: July 2019

Inheritance and innovation in a colonial language: Towards a usage-based account of French Guianese Creole William Jennings and Stefan Pfänder (2018) London: Palgrave Macmillan. Pp. 240 ISBN: 978-3-319-61951-4
MUTLULUĞUN EMPATİ, AFFETME VE YAŞAM DOYUMU ARASINDAKİ ARACI ROLÜ: BİR YOL ANALİZİ
Authors: KAYA Özgür Salih , ORÇAN Fatih 
Published: July 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin empatik
eğilimleriyle yaşam doyumu ve affetme düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide mutluluğun
aracılık rolünün olup olmadığını saptamaktır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama
modeline uygun olarak düzenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri 2016-2017 eğitim
öğretim yılı güz yarıyılında bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 209 kız,
142 erkek olmak üzere toplam 351 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Öğrencilerin yaş
ortalaması 20.3’tür. Araştırmada Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Toronto Empati Ölçeği,
Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği Türkçe Formu, Öznel Mutluluk Ölçeği ve Affedicilik Ölçeği
kullanılmıştır. Hipotez edilen yol modelini incelemek için veriler SPSS 24 ve
Mplus 5.1 programları kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin normal dağıldığı
gözlenmiştir ve bu yüzden maksimum olabilirlik tahmin metodu
kullanılmıştır.&nbsp; Çoklu bağlantı
probleminin olmadığı ve model veri uyum değerlerinin kabul edilebilir olduğu
görülmüştür (

=1.58, CFI=.99, TLI=.97, RMSEA=.04, SRMR=.01). Sonuçta,
empatinin affetme ve yaşam doyumu üzerinde doğrudan bir etkisinin olduğu
bulunmuştur. Ayrıca mutluluğun empati, yaşam doyumu ve affetme arasında aracı
rolü olduğu saptanmıştır.
DIGITALIZATION OF LAW: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Kornev A. V. 
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the problems associated with digitalization of the legal environment and some types of legal activities. The problems under consideration include the increase in electronic document flow, the so-called «electronic justice», electronic communication technologies in legislative and law enforcement activities. The author substantiates the premise concerning the inevitability of transformation of the legal system under the influence of information and communication technologies. The article describes the experience of some foreign countries where the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution have been used for quite a long time. The problems that arise due to the use of digital technologies in the legal sphere are outlined. The author highlights the role of digital information and its importance for managerial and administrative decision-making and maps changes associated with legal forms of the activity of the State. Predictions are made regarding the development of the legal system and the system of legislation, legal profession and some types of legal activities in the short term. The author substantiates the premise that the development of technologies is almost the main factor of competitiveness of a modern State.
THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN THE INTERROGATION OF WITNESSES IN THE PRE-TRIAL STAGES OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS (COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION LEGISLATION AND LAWS OF SOME FOREIGN COUNTRIES)
Authors: Antonovich E. K. 
Published: July 2019

The testimony of witnesses represents the type of evidence, without which practically no criminal case can do. It is the significance of this type of evidence that determines the legislative requirements for the regulation of preparation and the procedure for the interrogation of a witness, as well as for the recording of evidence. This is of particular importance both from the standpoint of ensuring the admissibility and reliability of evidence, as well as from the point of view of ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of persons involved in criminal proceedings. The national legislation of modern states creates its own standards for the use of witness testimony in proving criminal cases. With all the variety of approaches, the importance of information technology in the collection, testing and evaluation of witness testimony can be viewed in the following main areas: as a means of fixing an investigative action, as a way of establishing the actual circumstances relevant to the case, as a means of ensuring the production of an investigative action, and as a means of transmitting information. Based on the analysis of the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation and some foreign countries, the paper examines the problems of legislative regulation of the use of digital technologies during the interrogation of witnesses, including remote interrogation and deposition of witness testimony. Special attention is given to distant interrogation at the request of foreign countries.
TRANSFORMATION OF PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE INITIAL STAGE OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS, ENSURING ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN THE INDUSTRY 4.0 ERA
Authors: Maslennikova L. N. 
Published: July 2019

The paper deals with topical issues of ensuring access to justice in criminal proceedings, and substantiates the need to change the paradigm of the pre-trial proceedings. The new digital reality Industry 4.0 assumes a tremendous pace of development, profound changes in all spheres of society, including criminal proceedings. The author argues that the digital transformation of criminal proceedings in terms of ensuring access to justice is impossible unless the legislative model (algorithm) of the initial stage of criminal proceedings ensuring access to justice is changed. The key point in the transformation of the pre-trial proceedings should be the electronic interaction of the state and society (population) in the new digital reality. There are fundamentally new opportunities for participation in criminal proceedings (including remotely) and new opportunities to influence decision making and control over decision making (automatization of a crime report and the start of investigation registration, the ability to file complaints, petitions, receive notifications, copies of decisions in electronic form).
THE RATIO OF THE GROUNDS FOR INITIATING A CRIMINAL CASE AND THE GROUNDS FOR CHARGES IN CONDITIONS OF DIGITIZATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Obidin K. V. 
Published: July 2019

The proliferation and active use of technical means of audio and video recording in the process of identifying and proving certain types of crimes leads to the need to rethink the correlation of certain theoretical concepts. The paper analyzes similar elements and differences in the grounds for initiating a criminal case and the grounds for accusation. Attention is drawn to the convergence of the content of these concepts in the conditions of the spread of digital technologies in criminal proceedings. It is suggested that the use of audio and video recordings in a cognitive procedure has a significant effect on the inner conviction of the investigator and the inquiry officer when making procedural decisions. The possibility of initiating a criminal case is analyzed solely on the basis of audio and video. The author states his point of view on the inadmissibility of simplifying the procedure for establishment of evidence in cases of audio and video recordings, along with confessions, since in this case there is a violation of the basic foundations of cognitive activity in criminal proceedings.
THE USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN DETECTING AND FIXING DIGITAL TRACES: ANALYSIS OF MODERN PRACTICE
Authors: Semikalenova A. I. , Ryadovskiy I. A. 
Published: July 2019

The paper analyzes the results of studying the current practice of identifying, fixing, preserving and anticipating the forensic examination of the study of digital traces of crime. As a toolkit for monitoring investigative and operational investigative activities in this area, there were applied personal conversations and surveys of employees of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, investigative and operational search units of the Ministry of the Interior of Russia, employees of other services and departments, students of the relevant specialization. In addition, experts in the field of computer information technologies from both the private and public sector, involved in investigative actions and operational search activities were interviewed.The paper presents the results of this study, identifying current problems of criminal justice, faced by law enforcement officials investigating crimes involving information and computer technology, while seizing and recording computer information.
Factores críticos de éxito en el comercio digital de las PYMES exportadoras costarricenses
Authors: Vásquez Esquivel Ivonne 
Published: July 2019

Resumen
En esta investigación se evalúa la situación del comercio electrónico (CE) en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) exportadoras costarricenses, en cuanto a (1) elementos tecnológicos y de información utilizados en el sitio, y (2) percepción de las empresas sobre cuáles factores consideran como críticos para su implementación. Se identificaron 82 empresas con sitio de CE, de un total de 2.849 empresas que exportaron bienes y ser vicios en el 2014 y 2015. Se analizaron los sitios de CE para identificar los elementos tecnológicos y de información presentes, y se aplicó una encuesta a sus gerentes para identificar su percepción sobre cuáles factores, de una lista de opciones, consideran como críticos para el éxito de sus actividades comerciales por Internet. Del análisis se desprende una calidad media o pobre en la mayoría de los sitios. Los factores de éxito identificados reflejan un conocimiento de las actividades sustantivas de este tipo de comercialización por las mipymes exportadoras, siendo considerados importantes por más de un 90% de estas empresas la “orientación al cliente” del sitio y la “privacidad de la información”, y para más de un 65% de mipymes, la facilidad de uso y actualización constante del sitio, su disponibilidad 24/7, el servicio posventa y el tiempo de entrega, la reputación de la empresa y el tipo de producto.