bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obesity, Weight Loss, and Progression of Disability in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Baker Joshua F. , England Bryant R. , Mikuls Ted R. , Sayles Harlan , Cannon Grant W. , Sauer Brian C. , George Michael D. , Caplan Liron , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveCross‐sectional studies have demonstrated that obese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often report greater disability. The longitudinal effects of obesity, however, are not well‐characterized. We evaluated associations between obesity, weight loss, and worsening of disability in patients of 2 large registry studies, which included patients who were followed for longer periods of time.MethodsThis study included patients with RA from the National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases (FORWARD) (n = 23,323) and the Veterans Affairs RA (VARA) registry study (n = 1,697). Results of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) or Multidimensional HAQ (MD‐HAQ) were recorded through follow‐up. Significant worsening of disability was defined as an increase of >0.2 in HAQ or MD‐HAQ scores. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the risk of worsening of disability from baseline and to adjust for demographics, baseline disability, comorbidity, disease duration, and other disease features.ResultsAt enrollment, disability scores were higher among severely obese patients compared to those who were overweight both in FORWARD (β = 0.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.14, 0.20]; P < 0.001) and in the VARA registry (β = 0.17 [95% CI 0.074, 0.27]; P = 0.001). In multivariable models, patients who were severely obese at enrollment had a greater risk of progressive disability compared to overweight patients in FORWARD (HR 1.25 [95% CI 1.18, 1.33] P < 0.001) and in the VARA registry (HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.07, 1.66]; P = 0.01). Weight loss following enrollment was also associated with a greater risk in both cohorts. In the VARA registry, associations were independent of other clinical factors, including time‐varying C‐reactive protein and swollen joint count.ConclusionSevere obesity is associated with a more rapid progression of disability in RA. Weight loss is also associated with worsening disability, possibly due to it being an indication of chronic illness and the development of age‐related or disease‐related frailty.
Synergistic Sonodynamic/Chemotherapeutic Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Targeted Biodegradable Mesoporous Nanosonosensitizers
Authors: Li Zhenli , Han Jun , Yu Luodan , Qian Xiaoqin , Xing Hao , Lin Han , Wu Mengchao , Yang Tian , Chen Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide featured with the poor prognosis and high mortality in affected patients. Given its insensitivity to conventional systemic chemotherapy, the development of novel modalities for HCC management is highly urgent. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has gained considerable momentum in cancer therapy. Especially, through synergistic SDT/chemotherapy, SDT would enhance the chemotherapeutic process on inhibiting tumor growth, which holds great potential on combating HCC. In this work, we report on the design/fabrication of targeted biodegradable nanosonosensitizers based on hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs), followed by pore‐engineering including covalent anchoring of protoporphyrin (PpIX, HMONs‐PpIX) and conjugation of arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid in order to specifically targeting HCC cells. Such nanosonosensitizers provide efficient loading and controllable stimuli‐responsive release of chemotherapeutic agents for HCC‐targeting chemotherapy, thus promoting an enhancing chemotherapeutic process via the unique sonotoxicity under ultrasound irradiation. The HMONs matrix with biologically active organic groups in the framework (disulfide bond) are endowed with intrinsic tumor microenvironment‐responsive biodegradability and improved biocompatibility/biosafety. In particular, a synergistic inhibition effect of drug‐loaded HMONs‐PpIX‐arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid on HCC growth has been systematically demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo (84.7% inhibition rate), which brings insights and meets the versatile therapeutic requirements for HCC management.
Inkjet–Spray Hybrid Printing for 3D Freeform Fabrication of Multilayered Hydrogel Structures
Authors: Yoon Sejeong , Park Ju An , Lee Hwa‐Rim , Yoon Woong Hee , Hwang Dong Soo , Jung Sungjune 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHere, a new bioprinting process by combining drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing with a spray‐coating technique, which enables the high‐resolution, high‐speed, and freeform fabrication of large‐scale cell‐laden hydrogel structures is reported. Hydrogel structures with various shapes and composed of different materials, including alginate, cellulose nanofiber, and fibrinogen, are fabricated using the inkjet–spray printing. To manufacture cell‐friendly hydrogel structures with controllable stiffness, gelatine methacryloyl is saponified to stabilize jet formation and is subsequently mixed with sodium alginate to prepare blend inks. The hydrogels crosslinked from the blend inks are characterized by assessing physical properties including the microstructure and mechanical stiffness and cellular responses including the cell viability, metabolic activity, and functionality of human dermal fibroblasts within the hydrogel. Cell‐laden hydrogel structures are generated on a large scale and collagen type I secretion and spreading of cells within the hydrogels are assessed. The results demonstrate that the inkjet–spray printing system will ensure the formation of a cell‐laden hydrogel structure with high shape fidelity in a rapid and reliable manner. Ultimately, the proposed printing technique and the blend bioink to be used to fabricate 3D laminated large‐scale tissue equivalents that potentially mimic the function of native tissues is expected.
Origin and Control of Orientation of Phosphorescent and TADF Dyes for High‐Efficiency OLEDs
Authors: Kim Kwon‐Hyeon , Kim Jang‐Joo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIt has been known for decades that the emitting dipole orientation (EDO) of emitting dyes influences the outcoupling efficiency of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, the EDO of dopants, especially phosphorescent dopants, has been studied less than that of neat films and polymer emitting layers (EMLs) due to the lack of an apparent driving force for aligning the dopants in amorphous host films. Recently, however, even globular‐shaped Ir complexes have been reported to have a preferred orientation in doped films and OLEDs. External quantum efficiencies (EQEs) higher than 30% have also been demonstrated using phosphorescent and thermally activated delayed fluorescent dyes (TADF) doped in EMLs. Here, recent results on the EDO of phosphorescent and TADF dyes doped in host films, and highly efficient OLEDs using these dyes are reviewed. The origin and control of the orientation of phosphors are discussed, followed by a discussion of future strategies to achieve EQEs of over 60% without a light extraction layer, from the material point of view.
Nanopatched Graphene with Molecular Self‐Assembly Toward Graphene–Organic Hybrid Soft Electronics
Authors: Kang Boseok , Lee Seong Kyu , Jung Jaehyuck , Joe Minwoong , Lee Seon Baek , Kim Jinsung , Lee Changgu , Cho Kilwon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIncreasing the mechanical durability of large‐area polycrystalline single‐atom‐thick materials is a necessary step toward the development of practical and reliable soft electronics based on these materials. Here, it is shown that the surface assembly of organosilane by weak epitaxy forms nanometer‐thick organic patches on a monolayer graphene surface and dramatically increases the material's resistance to harsh postprocessing environments, thereby increasing the number of ways in which graphene can be processed. The nanopatched graphene with the improved mechanical durability enables stable operation when used as transparent electrodes of wearable strain sensors. Also, the nanopatched graphene applied as an electrode modulates the molecular orientation of deposited organic semiconductor layers, and yields favorable nominal charge injection for organic transistors. These results demonstrate the potential for use of self‐assembled organic nanopatches in graphene‐based soft electronics.
Atom‐by‐Atom Fabrication of Monolayer Molybdenum Membranes
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxu , Dan Jiadong , Chen Jianyi , Ding Zijing , Zhou Wu , Loh Kian Ping , Pennycook Stephen J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFabrication of materials in the monolayer regime to acquire fascinating physical properties has attracted enormous interest during the past decade, and remarkable success has been achieved for layered materials adopting weak interlayer van der Waals forces. However, the fabrication of monolayer metal membranes possessing strong intralayer bonding remains elusive. Here, suspended monolayer Mo membranes are fabricated from monolayer MoSe2 films via selective electron beam (e‐beam) ionization of Se atoms by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The nucleation and subsequent growth of the Mo membranes are triggered by the formation and aggregation of Se vacancies as seen by atomic resolution sequential STEM imaging. Various novel structural defects and intriguing self‐healing characteristics are unveiled during the growth. In addition, the monolayer Mo membrane is highly robust under the e‐beam irradiation. It is likely that other metal membranes can be fabricated in a similar manner, and these pure metal‐based 2D materials add to the diversity of 2D materials and introduce profound novel physical properties.
Creating Lithium‐Ion Electrolytes with Biomimetic Ionic Channels in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Shen Li , Wu Hao Bin , Liu Fang , Brosmer Jonathan L. , Shen Gurong , Wang Xiaofeng , Zink Jeffrey I. , Xiao Qiangfeng , Cai Mei , Wang Ge , Lu Yunfeng , Dunn Bruce 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSolid‐state electrolytes are the key to the development of lithium‐based batteries with dramatically improved energy density and safety. Inspired by ionic channels in biological systems, a novel class of pseudo solid‐state electrolytes with biomimetic ionic channels is reported herein. This is achieved by complexing the anions of an electrolyte to the open metal sites of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which transforms the MOF scaffolds into ionic‐channel analogs with lithium‐ion conduction and low activation energy. This work suggests the emergence of a new class of pseudo solid‐state lithium‐ion conducting electrolytes.
Self‐Assembled “Breathing” Grana‐Like Cisternae Stacks
Authors: Li Qingchuan , Han Xiaojun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMembranes in cells display elaborate, dynamic morphologies intimately tied to defined cellular functions. Cisternae stacks are a common membrane morphology in cells widely found in organelles. However, compared with the well‐studied spherical cell membrane mimics, cisternae stacks as organelle membrane mimics are greatly neglected because of the difficulty of fabricating this unique structure. Herein, the grana‐like cisternae stacks are assembled via the reorganization of stacked microsized bicelles to mimic grana functions. The cisternae stacks are connected by fusion regions between adjacent cisternae. The number of cisternae can be controlled from ≈4 to 15 by the variation of ethanol volume percentage. Under the stimulation of solvent or negatively charged nanoparticles, the cisternae stacks can reversibly compress and expand, similar to the “breathing” property of natural grana. During the “breathing” process, nanoparticles are reversibly captured and released. Frequency resonance energy transfer is realized on the cisternae stacks trapped with two kinds of quantum dots. The cisternae stacks provide advanced membrane model for cell biotechnology, and clues for the shaping of organelles composed of cisternae. The ability of the cisternae stacks to capture materials enables them to possibly be applied in biomimetics and the design of advanced functional materials.
Metal‐Free 2D/2D Phosphorene/g‐C3N4 Van der Waals Heterojunction for Highly Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Ran Jingrun , Guo Weiwei , Wang Hailong , Zhu Bicheng , Yu Jiaguo , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe generation of green hydrogen (H2) energy using sunlight is of great significance to solve the worldwide energy and environmental issues. Particularly, photocatalytic H2 production is a highly promising strategy for solar‐to‐H2 conversion. Recently, various heterostructured photocatalysts with high efficiency and good stability have been fabricated. Among them, 2D/2D van der Waals (VDW) heterojunctions have received tremendous attention, since this architecture can promote the interfacial charge separation and transfer and provide massive reactive centers. On the other hand, currently, most photocatalysts are composed of metal elements with high cost, limited reserves, and hazardous environmental impact. Hence, the development of metal‐free photocatalysts is desirable. Here, a novel 2D/2D VDW heterostructure of metal‐free phosphorene/graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is fabricated. The phosphorene/g‐C3N4 nanocomposite shows an enhanced visible‐light photocatalytic H2 production activity of 571 µmol h−1 g−1 in 18 v% lactic acid aqueous solution. This improved performance arises from the intimate electronic coupling at the 2D/2D interface, corroborated by the advanced characterizations techniques, e.g., synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure, and theoretical calculations. This work not only reports a new metal‐free phosphorene/g‐C3N4 photocatalyst but also sheds lights on the design and fabrication of 2D/2D VDW heterojunction for applications in catalysis, electronics, and optoelectronics.
3D‐Printable Photochromic Molecular Materials for Reversible Information Storage
Authors: Wales Dominic J. , Cao Qun , Kastner Katharina , Karjalainen Erno , Newton Graham N. , Sans Victor 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe formulation of advanced molecular materials with bespoke polymeric ionic‐liquid matrices that stabilize and solubilize hybrid organic–inorganic polyoxometalates and allow their processing by additive manufacturing, is effectively demonstrated. The unique photo and redox properties of nanostructured polyoxometalates are translated across the scales (from molecular design to functional materials) to yield macroscopic functional devices with reversible photochromism. These properties open a range of potential applications including reversible information storage based on controlled topological and temporal reduction/oxidation of pre‐formed printed devices. This approach pushes the boundaries of 3D printing to the molecular limits, allowing the freedom of design enabled by 3D printing to be coupled with the molecular tuneability of polymerizable ionic liquids and the photoactivity and orbital engineering possible with hybrid polyoxometalates.
Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide/ScΙΙΙ Complex‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reaction of Cyclopropyl Ketones with Indoles
Authors: Chang Fenzhen , Lin Lili , Xia Yong , Zhang Hang , Dong Shunxi , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe asymmetric ring‐opening reaction of cyclopropyl ketones with indoles has been realized by using a N,N′‐dioxide/scandium(ΙΙΙ) complex as catalyst. The corresponding 3‐alkylated indole derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with good ee values. Moreover, a possible transition state was proposed on the basis of experimental studies and X‐ray structure of product.magnified image
Electrochemical–Thermal Evaluation of an Integrated Thermal Management System for Lithium‐Ion Battery Modules
Authors: Bahiraei Farid , Ghalkhani Maryam , Fartaj Amir , Nazri Gholam‐Abbas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThermal management of lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries using phase change materials (PCM) demonstrate advantages such as compactness and reduced weight compared to conventional active cooling systems. However, the heat accumulation in PCM due to ineffective cooling and added thermal inertia may lead to thermal management system failure. In this study, a hybrid active–passive thermal management system for a Li‐ion battery module is presented. Graphite nanopowder and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite sheets are employed to improve the low thermal conductivity of the PCM. The thermophysical properties of the nano‐enhanced PCM (NePCM) with various mass fractions are experimentally explored. A streamlined electrochemical–thermal coupled model for batteries is used to develop an air‐assisted hybrid thermal management system model. The effects of nanoparticles mass fraction, thickness of the PCM layer, and air inlet temperature on the module thermal behavior during a standard driving cycle are investigated. The hybrid system can maintain the module temperature within the safe limits and provide excellent temperature uniformity. The results reveal that an enhanced thermal conductivity is essential to recover the thermal energy storage capacity of PCM during the driving cycle. The proposed cooling approach presents a promising avenue for enhanced thermal management of Li‐ion battery modules.
Draw Spinning of Wafer‐Scale Oxide Fibers for Electronic Devices
Authors: Liu Ao , Zhu Huihui , Liu Guoxia , Noh Yong‐Young , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo , Shan Fukai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe fabrication of functionalized 1D oxide fibers with accurate control of orientation, location, and number is highly demanded and challengeable based on current techniques, which hinder their practical application in opto/electronic devices. Herein, a rapid and simple method is developed to directly draw the oxide fibers from its polymer solution over large area. The draw‐spinning method enables the accurate positioning of individual fiber and the construction of complex patterns, holding great potentials in fiber‐based electronics. The assembled field‐effect transistors (FETs) based on single indium oxide (In2O3) fiber exhibit excellent current modulation capability with a high on/off current ratio of 106. Adjusting the number of fibers within the channel, the device performance can be modulated. Moreover, the draw‐spinning technique is applied to fabricate highly aligned fiber arrays by using brush pen. The FETs based on aligned In2O3 fiber arrays exhibit superior current‐driven capability compared with the devices with limited number of fibers. Their further integrations on high‐permittivity dielectric layer show improved device performance at an operating voltage of 4 V. This method is scalable and can be implemented easily to fabricate various functional fibers in both laboratory and industrial manufacturing.
Low‐Temperature‐Processed SiOx One Diode–One Resistor Crossbar Array and Its Flexible Memory Application
Authors: Yoon Jongwon , Ji Yongsung , Lee Seoung‐Ki , Hyon Jinho , Tour James M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe one diode–one resistor (1D–1R) crossbar array is a promising architecture for high‐density memory due to its excellent scalability and effective suppression of the sneak paths arising from the unselected neighboring cells. In particular, the low‐temperature fabrication process plays an important role in the demonstration of the 1D–1R device, affording compatibility with conventional semiconductor processes, as well as flexible memory applications. In this study, a 1D–1R crossbar memory array consisting of a nanoporous SiOx film and an oxide‐based diode is achieved using physical vapor deposition methods at low temperature. The fabricated devices show reliable memory operation with high rectification and on/off resistance ratios under low power consumption. In addition, the low‐temperature process enables the fabrication of a flexible 1D–1R crossbar memory array on a plastic substrate. The observed uniform and stable memory performance of the flexible device under mechanical deformation establishes the feasibility of this platform for future high‐density flexible nonvolatile memory applications.
Characteristics distinguishing abusive head trauma from accidental head trauma in infants with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in Japan
Authors: Amagasa Shunsuke , Matsui Hikoro , Tsuji Satoshi , Uematsu Satoko , Moriya Takashi , Kinoshita Kosaku 
Published: April 2018

AimTo identify markers for detecting abusive head trauma (AHT) and its characteristics in the Japanese population.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 166 infants with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage between 2002 and 2013 in three tertiary institutions in Japan. The infants were classified into AHT (57), suspected AHT (24), and accidental (85) group based on the defined criteria. We compared clinical presentations and computed tomography findings among these three groups and also compared age distribution of infants with AHT in our study to those in the USA.ResultsAge distribution of AHT cases is significantly higher in our study than in the USA (P < 0.001). The rates of male sex, bruising, retinal hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, cerebral edema, and neurological sequelae were significantly higher, and those of skull fracture and scalp finding were significantly lower, in the AHT group than in the accidental group (P < 0.05). In the multivariable analysis of the infants with subdural hematoma, absence of skull fracture (odds ratio = 42.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.5–507.7, P = 0.003) was associated with AHT.ConclusionsThe age range of AHT in Japan is significantly different from that of countries in Europe and North America because of familial and sociocultural situations. Absence of bruising, and rib or long bone fractures did not reduce the likelihood of AHT. Subdural hematoma without findings of an impact to the head strongly suggested AHT. Abusive head trauma is a global problem, however, diagnosis and defensive measures likely need to be tailored to accommodate cultural risk factors.
Polypeptides with High Zwitterion Density for Safe and Effective Therapeutics
Authors: Zhang Peng , Jain Priyesh , Tsao Caroline , Yuan Zhefan , Li Wenchen , Li Bowen , Wu Kan , Hung Hsiang‐Chieh , Lin Xiaojie , Jiang Shaoyi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe commonly used “stealth material” poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) effectively promotes the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic cargos while reducing their immune response. However, recent studies have suggested that PEG could induce adverse reactions, including the emergence of anti‐PEG antibodies and tissue histologic changes. An alternative stealth material with no or less immunogenicity and organ toxicity is thus urgently needed. We designed a polypeptide with high zwitterion density (PepCB) as a stealth material for therapeutics. Neither tissue histological changes in liver, kidney, or spleen, nor abnormal behavior, sickness or death was induced by the synthesized polymer after high‐dosage administration for three months in rats. When conjugated to a therapeutic protein uricase, the uricase–PepCB bioconjugate showed significantly improved pharmacokinetics and immunological properties compared with uricase–PEG conjugates.