bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining motor imagery with action observation training does not lead to a greater autonomic nervous system response than motor imagery alone during simple and functional movements: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cuenca-Martínez Ferran , Suso-Martí Luis , Grande-Alonso Mónica , Paris-Alemany Alba , La Touche Roy 
Published: July 2018

Both motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) trigger the activation of the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the planning and execution of voluntary movements in a manner that resembles how the action is performed in a real way. The main objective of the present study was to compare the autonomic nervous system (ANS) response in an isolated MI group compared to a combined MI + AO group. The mental tasks were based on two simple movements that are recorded in the revised movement imagery questionnaire in third-person perspective. The secondary objective of the study was to test if there was any relationship between the ANS variables and the ability to generate mental motor imagery, the mental chronometry and the level of physical activity. The main outcomes that were measured were heart rate, respiratory rate and electrodermal activity. A Biopac MP150 system, a measurement device of autonomic changes, was used for the quantification and evaluation of autonomic variables. Forty five asymptomatic subjects were selected and randomized in three groups: isolated MI, MI + AO and control group (CG). In regards to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), no differences were observed between MI and MI + AO groups (p > .05), although some differences were found between both groups when compared to the CG (p < .05). Additionally, even though no associations were reported between the ANS variables and the ability to generate mental motor imagery, moderate-strong positive associations were found in mental chronometry and the level of physical activity. Our results suggest that MI and MI + AO, lead to an activation of the SNS, although there are no significant differences between the two groups. Based on results obtained, we suggest that tasks of low complexity, providing a visual input through the AO does not facilitates their subsequent motor imagination. A higher level of physical activity as well as a longer time to perform mental task, seem to be associated with a greater increase in the ANS response.
Study of community-living Alzheimer’s patients’ adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risks of malnutrition at different disease stages
Authors: Rocaspana-García Mariona , Blanco-Blanco Joan , Arias-Pastor Alfonso , Gea-Sánchez Montserrat , Piñol-Ripoll Gerard 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by deficits in episodic memory. It is the most common form of dementia and affects 50–70% of patients with cognitive impairments over the age of 65. Elderly people are particularly susceptible to malnutrition and that risk is even higher in patients with AD. This study assessed the nutritional status of patients with AD at different stages of AD and explored how that status correlated with cognitive, functional and behavioural variables and caregiver overburden. The characteristics of the diet and the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet were also analysed.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that was representative of the general population and it was carried out in the Unit of Cognitive Disorders, Lleida, Spain. The participants were 111 subjects with AD who were aged 65 and over and still living at home. The subjects’ nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Controlling Nutritional Status system. The monthly food intake was estimated using the short Food Frequency Questionnaire and adherence to the Mediterranean diet was evaluated using the Mediterranean Diet Score. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale, Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) were also used.ResultsWe found that 68% of the subjects presented with a risk of malnutrition and 19% were malnourished according to the MNA scale. Patients ate a higher quantity of meat and dairy products than recommended and fewer products from the remaining healthier food groups. Of the 111 subjects, 73% showed low adherence to the Mediterranean diet and 27% showed moderate adherence. There was a partial correlation between nutritional status and the MMSE when the data were adjusted for age and sex (r = 0, 318;p = 0.001) and inverse correlations were found for functional status (r = − 0.283;p = 0.004) and the NPI (r = − 0.409;p = 0.000) and ZBI scales (r = − 0.433;p = 0.000) when they were adjusted using the same variables. The ZBI scale (OR 1.08, 95% CI [1.01–1.15]) showed an increase in the risk of malnutrition in the multivariate analysis.DiscussionAlterations in nutritional status were more common during the advanced stages of AD and were also associated with behavioural changes and caregiver overburden. Low adherence to traditional healthy diets in Mediterranean countries and food intake profiles should be considered when managing patients with AD. Other countries can use the results to examine diets in people with AD that are high in meat and dairy and low in healthy food groups like fruit and vegetables.
Effects of size and microclimate on whole-tree water use and hydraulic regulation inSchima superbatrees
Authors: Zhao Xiao-wei , Ouyang Lei , Zhao Ping , Zhang Chun-fang 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundPlant-water relations have been of significant concern in forestry and ecology studies in recent years, yet studies investigating the annual differences in the characteristics of inter-class water consumption in trees are scarce.MethodsWe classified 15 trees from aSchima superbaplantation in subtropical South China into four ranks using diameter at breast height (DBH). The inter-class and whole-tree water use were compared based on three parameters: sap flux density, whole-tree transpiration and canopy transpiration over two years. Inter-class hydraulic parameters, such as leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, hydraulic conductance, and canopy conductance were also compared.Results(1) Mean water consumption of the plantation was 287.6 mm over a year, 165.9 mm in the wet season, and 121.7 mm in the dry season. Annual mean daily water use was 0.79 mm d−1, with a maximum of 1.39 mm d−1. (2) Isohydrodynamic behavior were found inS. superba. (3) Transpiration was regulated via both hydraulic conductance and stoma; however, there was an annual difference in which predominantly regulated transpiration.DiscussionThis study quantified annual and seasonal water use of aS. superbaplantation and revealed the coordinated effect of stoma and hydraulic conductance on transpiration. These results provide information for large-scale afforestation and future water management.
Phenytoin-induced chronic liver enzyme elevation and hepatic fibrosis: A case report
Authors: Curry Brent , Mican Lisa , Smith Tawny L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background:
Liver fibrosis results from chronic damage to the liver. Advanced liver fibrosis results in cirrhosis, liver failure, and portal hypertension and may even require liver transplantation. A liver biopsy is considered the “gold standard” method for the assessment of liver fibrosis; however, ultrasonography can also detect changes in the hepatic parenchyma due to fibrosis. Although reports in the literature describe phenytoin-induced hepatic injury, often this rare occurrence is usually accompanied by a hypersensitivity reaction.

Case report:
Our patient is a 50-year-old female with history of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar type, who had been admitted to a state psychiatric facility. She has a history of seizure disorder, which had been well controlled with phenytoin since 2011. Mild-to-moderate elevations in her liver enzymes were noted during therapy but normalized once phenytoin was discontinued. An ultrasound of the patient's liver in January 2016 showed changes of fatty infiltration and fibrosis.

Conclusion:
This case differs from other cases reported in the literature that describe phenytoin-induced hepatic injury. The majority of these cases are accompanied by immune-allergic features. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases in the literature of prolonged liver enzyme elevation resulting in phenytoin-induced hepatic fibrosis.
Acute hyponatremia with accompanying hyperammonemia secondary to divalproex sodium: A case report
Authors: Maister Ashley J. , Bogart Gregory T. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Divalproex sodium (DVP) is an antiepileptic medication that also has mood stabilizing properties for patients with mental health disorders. Currently, there are a small number of case reports discussing the incidence of hyponatremia that occurs as an adverse effect of DVP. After completion of a thorough literature search, we present the first case report describing acute hyponatremia with accompanying hyperammonemia secondary to DVP use. This case describes a 44-year-old male patient who experienced hyponatremia with accompanying hyperammonemia following initiation of DVP for schizoaffective disorder. This case highlights the need for clinicians to consider monitoring electrolytes, in addition to liver function and platelets, with the initiation of therapy or increase in daily dosage. Given the drug's action at voltage-gated sodium channels, changes in serum sodium could be expected.
Development of Vanadium‐Coated Carbon Microspheres: Electrochemical Behavior as Electrodes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Elmouwahidi Abdelhakim , Bailón‐García Esther , Pérez‐Cadenas Agustín F. , Fernández‐Sáez Nerea , Carrasco‐Marín Francisco 
Published: July 2018

AbstractVanadium‐coated carbon‐xerogel microspheres are successfully prepared by a specific designed sol–gel method, and their supercapacitor behavior is tested in a two‐electrode system. Nitrogen adsorption shows that these composite materials present a well‐developed micro‐ and mesoporous texture, which depends on the vanadium content in the final composite. A high dispersion of vanadium oxide on the carbon microsphere surface is reached, being the vanadium particle size around 4.5 nm. Moreover, low vanadium oxidation states are stabilized by the carbon matrix in the composites. The complete electrochemical characterization of the composites is carried out using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, cycling charge–discharge, and impedance spectroscopy. The results show that these composites present high capacitance as 224 F g−1, with a high capacitance retention which is explained on the basis of the presence of vanadium oxide, texture, and chemistry surface.
Synthetic Multifunctional Graphene Composites with Reshaping and Self‐Healing Features via a Facile Biomineralization‐Inspired Process
Authors: Lin Shuyuan , Zhong Yujia , Zhao Xuanliang , Sawada Toshiki , Li Xinming , Lei Wenhai , Wang Moran , Serizawa Takeshi , Zhu Hongwei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSince graphene is a type of 2D carbon material with excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties, the efficient preparation of graphene macroscopic assemblies is significant in the potentially large‐scale application of graphene sheets. Conventional preparation methods of graphene macroscopic assemblies need strict conditions, and, once formed, the assemblies cannot be edited, reshaped, or recycled. Herein, inspired by the biomineralization process, a feasible approach of shapeable, multimanipulatable, and recyclable gel‐like composite consisting of graphene oxide/poly(acrylic acid)/amorphous calcium carbonate (GO‐PAA‐ACC) is designed. This GO‐PAA‐ACC material can be facilely synthesized at room temperature with a cross‐linking network structure formed during the preparation process. Remarkably, it is stretchable, malleable, self‐healable, and easy to process in the wet state, but tough and rigid in the dried state. In addition, these two states can be readily switched by adjusting the water content, which shows recyclability and can be used for 3D printing to form varied architectures. Furthermore, GO‐PAA‐ACC can be functionalized or processed to meet a variety of specific application requirements (e.g., energy‐storage, actuators). The preparation method of GO‐PAA‐ACC composite in this work also provides a novel strategy for the versatile macroscopic assembly of other materials, which is low‐cost, efficient, and convenient for broad application.
Selective Functionalization of Aminoheterocycles by a Pyrylium Salt
Authors: Moser Daniel , Duan Yaya , Wang Feng , Ma Yuanhong , O'Neill Matthew J. , Cornella Josep 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe functionalization of aminoheterocycles by using a pyrylium tetrafluoroborate reagent (Pyry‐BF4) is presented. This reagent efficiently condenses with a great variety of heterocyclic amines and primes the C−N bond for nucleophilic aromatic substitution. More than 60 examples for the formation of C−O, C−N, C−S, or C−SO2R bonds are disclosed herein. In contrast to C−N activation through diazotization and polyalkylation, this method is characterized by its mild conditions and impressive functional‐group tolerance. In addition to small‐molecule derivatization, Pyry‐BF4 allows the introduction of functional groups in a late‐stage fashion to furnish highly functionalized structures.
Facile Preparation of Hydrophobic Colloidal MFI and CHA Crystals and Oriented Ultrathin Films
Authors: Zhou Ming , Hedlund Jonas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report novel routes for synthesis of defect‐free, hydrophobic and monodispersed 10 nm (5 unit cells) thick MFI crystals and 100 nm CHA crystals. The crystals are obtained in high yield and display very high 1‐butanol adsorption from aqueous solution. These crystals are assembled in monolayers for the growth of ultrathin and uniformly oriented films with thicknesses of 36 nm and 330 nm, respectively, using a synthesis gel in the form of a powder. This method is very simple and may open up for industrial preparation of materials with improved performances.
Synthesis of Bifunctional Allylic Compounds by Using Cyclopropenes as Functionalized Allyl Equivalents
Authors: Mata Sergio , López Luis A. , Vicente Rubén 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of uncommon bifunctional allylic derivatives bearing a silane and an alcohol within the same allylic framework is reported. This method relies on the coupling of hydrosilanes with substituted and functionalized cyclopropenes, which deliver the allyl fragment. Rhodium(II) catalysts provide regioselective access to vinyl carbene intermediates, which easily undergo Si−H bond insertions. The transformation occurs with complete atom economy and shows a remarkably broad scope, including a intramolecular version for the synthesis of cyclic O−Si‐linked compounds as well as the synthesis of the corresponding allyl amines.
Enzymatic Control of the Conformational Landscape of Self‐Assembling Peptides
Authors: Shi Junfeng , Fichman Galit , Schneider Joel P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPost‐translational modification is a common mechanism to affect conformational change in proteins, which in turn, regulates function. Herein, this principle is expanded to instruct the formation of supramolecular assemblies by controlling the conformational bias of self‐assembling peptides. Biophysical and mechanical studies show that an engineered phosphorylation/dephosphorylation couple can affectively modulate the folding of amphiphilic peptides into a conformation necessary for the formation of well‐defined fibrillar networks. Negative design principles based on the incompatibility of hosting residue side‐chain point charge within hydrophobic environments proved key to inhibiting the peptide's ability to adopt its low energy fold in the assembled state. Dephosphorylation relieves this restriction, lowers the energy barrier between unfolded and folded peptide, and allows the formation of self‐assembled fibrils that contain the folded conformer, thus ultimately enabling the formation of a cytocompatible hydrogel material.
Parsing in vivo and in vitro contributions to microcrystalline cellulose hydrolysis by multidomain glycoside hydrolases in the Caldicellulosiruptor bescii secretome
Authors: Conway Jonathan M. , Crosby James R. , McKinley Bennett S. , Seals Nathaniel L. , Adams Michael W. W. , Kelly Robert M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSix multidomain glycoside hydrolases (GHs), CelA (Athe_1867), CelB (Athe_1859), CelC (Athe_1857), CelD (Athe_1866), CelE (Athe_1865), and CelF (Athe_1860) are encoded in the Caldicellulosiruptor bescii glucan degradation locus (GDL). Each GH was affinity‐tagged, overexpressed, and purified from recombinant C. bescii for side‐by‐side characterization in vitro and to examine the contribution of each of these enzymes to microcrystalline cellulose hydrolysis in vivo. All six recombinant GDL GHs were glycosylated, and deletion of glycosyltransferase Athe_1864 eliminated this posttranslational modification. A simplex centroid mixture experimental design revealed that in vitro optimal mixtures of the GDL GHs were predominantly CelA, CelC, and CelE, had low to moderate proportions of CelB and CelD, and minimal CelF. The best binary mixture contained CelA + CelB in a 3:2 molar ratio, whereas the best ternary mixture was composed of CelA + CelC + CelE in equimolar amounts. Neither the native C. bescii secretome nor cocktails of GDL GHs in vitro exceeded 25% of cellulose hydrolysis observed for wild‐type C. bescii in vivo. C. bescii deletion strains lacking specific GDL GHs could be restored to wild‐type degradation levels with the exogenous addition of either 5 µg/ml of recombinant GDL GH cocktails based on the natural secretome or mixtures optimized in vitro. Also, the addition of CelA up to 100 µg/ml provided no significant additional benefit. These results suggest that the C. bescii secretome is naturally balanced to achieve optimal synergy for cellulose degradation. They also reinforce the importance of microbial contributions to microcrystalline cellulose hydrolysis and suggest that mass action effects from glucan fermentation shift equilibria to drive degradation.
Corporate sustainability performance improvement using an interrelationship hierarchical model approach
Authors: Tseng Ming‐Lang , Lim Ming K. , Wu Kuo‐Jui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study: (i) contributes to screening less important corporate sustainability attributes, (ii) proposes an interrelationship and hierarchical model based on the focal firm in the electronic industry's approach, and (iii) compares the performance and importance levels to identify performance improvement attributes. Prior studies neglected performance improvement with interrelationships and hierarchical structure analytical models built on multi‐attributes. Hence, this study proposes to integrate exploratory factor analysis to eliminate less important attributes, adopts a fuzzy synthetic method to address the hierarchical model, and the fuzzy synthetic and the decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory methods to trace the attributes' importance and performance levels. The importance and performance level discrepancies indicated improvement. The social image, corporate culture and stakeholder management led to economic activities. The results indicate that top management support and manager attitude and behaviour are the drivers of corporate sustainability performance improvement.
Characterisation of the Carboxypeptidase G2 Catalytic Site and Design of New Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jeyaharan Dhadchayini , Brackstone Carla , Schouten James , Davis Paul , Dixon Ann M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe enzyme carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2) is used in antibody‐directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT) to catalyse the formation of an active drug from an inert prodrug. Free CPG2 in the bloodstream must be inhibited before administration of the prodrug in order to avoid a systemic reaction in the patient. Although a few small‐molecule CPG2 inhibitors have been reported, none has been taken forward thus far. This lack of progress is due in part to a lack of structural understanding of the CPG2 active site as well as the absence of small molecules that can block the active site whilst targeting the complex for clearance. The work described here aimed to address both areas. We report the structural/functional impact of extensive point mutation across the putative CPG2 catalytic site and adjacent regions for the first time, revealing that residues outside the catalytic region (K208A, S210A and T357A) are crucial to enzyme activity. We also describe novel molecules that inhibit CPG2 whilst maintaining the accessibility of galactosylated moieties aimed at targeting the enzyme for clearance. This work acts as a platform for the future development of high‐affinity CPG2 inhibitors that occupy new chemical space and will advance the safe application of ADEPT in cancer treatment.
Delamination and Photochemical Modification of a Novel Two‐Dimensional Zr‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Mohmeyer Alexander , Schaate Andreas , Brechtken Benedikt , Rode Johannes C. , Warwas Dawid P. , Zahn Gesa , Haug Rolf J. , Behrens Peter 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this contribution we present a novel two‐dimensional Zr‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) which offers the possibility for delamination and post‐synthetic photochemical modification at the linker molecule derived from benzophenone‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid (H2bzpdc). The new Zr‐bzpdc‐MOF crystallizes in the orthorhombic system as crystals with rhombic shape. The structure was determined from single‐crystal diffraction data. The MOF is stable up to 300 °C in air and exhibits a moderate BET surface area of 650 m2 g−1. The material can be obtained as thin sheets of a few nanometer thickness. Single crystals were modified post‐synthetically, exploiting the intrinsic reactivity of the benzophenone group with C−H bond containing molecules. In this way, the surface properties of the MOF crystals (e.g., dispersibility in different solvents) can be changed drastically. Delamination and adaptation of the surface chemistry open up novel ways for shaping MOFs, for example, for the incorporation into polymer composites, and pave the way for various applications.
Near‐Infrared Ratiometric Luminescent Thermometer Based on a New Lanthanide Silicate
Authors: Ananias Duarte , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Carlos Luís D. , Rocha João 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new lanthanide silicate system, Na2K[Ln3Si6O18] (Ln=Lu, Yb/ Er, Lu/Eu, or Lu/Yb/Er), comprising microcrystals embedded in an amorphous siliceous matrix, obtained by sintering at 1373 K a Na3K[Ln2Si6O17]⋅3 H2O nano‐crystalline precursor, is reported. The crystal structure of these lanthanide silicates was solved from high‐resolution synchrotron power X‐ray diffraction data collected at 110 K, and further supported by 29Si MAS NMR and Eu3+ luminescence. The materials crystallize in the Pī triclinic centrosymmetric space group, exhibiting a dense framework consisting of hexameric [Si6O18]12− cyclosilicate units, and chains of two distinct {LnO6} octahedra. Na2K[(Lu0.75Yb0.20Er0.05)3Si6O18] is the first example of a lanthanide silicate operative as a near‐infrared ratiometric luminescent thermometer, with good sensitivity at cryogenic temperatures (<100 K). Upon excitation at 903 nm, the ratio between the 2F7/2→2F5/2 (Yb3+) and 4I13/2→4I15/2 (Er3+) emissions was used for sensing temperature in the 12–450 K range, reaching a maximum thermal sensitivity of 2.6 % K−1 at 26.8 K.