bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and analysis of robust control compensators for Space descent & landing
Authors: Simplício P. , Marcos A. , Joffre E. , Zamaro M. , Silva N. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn this article, a complete modelling, synthesis, and analysis methodology of control compensators for descent and landing (D&L) on small planetary bodies is presented. These missions are scientifically very rewarding but technically extremely challenging due to the complex and poorly known environment around those bodies, which calls for the ability to manage competing robustness and performance requirements. While this issue is typically addressed via the redefinition of D&L guidance strategies, here, it is tackled through the augmentation with a simple yet robust control compensator. This compensator is designed using linear fractional transformation modelling to capture the interplay with uncertain gravity fields and the recently developed structured
optimisation framework, which has been proved particularly suitable for industry‐oriented applications. The proposed approach is completely generic but uses the scenario of a landing on the Martian moon Phobos as an illustrative example. Different compensators are then verified and compared analytically via the structured singular value μ and through high‐fidelity Monte Carlo simulation.
Synchronization in a network of identical continuous‐ or discrete‐time agents with unknown nonuniform constant input delay
Authors: Zhang Meirong , Saberi Ali , Stoorvogel Anton A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThis paper studies the synchronization problem for multiagent systems with identical continuous‐ or discrete‐time agents with unknown nonuniform constant input delays. The agents are connected via full‐ or partial‐state coupling. The agents are assumed to be asymptotically null controllable, ie, all eigenvalues are in the closed left‐half complex plane for continuous‐time agents or in the closed unit disc for discrete‐time agents. We derive an upper bound for the input delay tolerance, which explicitly depends on the agent dynamics. Moreover, for any unknown delay satisfying this upper bound, a low‐gain–based protocol design methodology is proposed without relying on exact knowledge of the network topology such that synchronization is achieved among agents for any network graph in a given set.
Enhancing antireflection property of silicon through direct picosecond laser surface texturing
Authors: Sarath Raghavendra Babu K. E. , Duraiselvam Muthukannan , Manikanta Reddy L. 
Published: May 2018

Crystalline silicon was laser surface textured by picosecond pulsed laser to enhance its antireflection property. The influence of laser scan speed and number of passes in fabricating the uniform surface microtexture were evaluated. Surface texture so generated was investigated and a grid of spherical domes and cavities, with nanoripples in the order of incident laser wavelength spread over it was observed. Reflectivity of bare silicon was greater than 40% and was significantly reduced well below 2% upon laser texturing, over a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm. Antireflecting surface is an essential requirement for more efficient performance of devices for optical and photovoltaic application.
Quantitative Proteomics Study Reveals Changes in the Molecular Landscape of Human Embryonic Stem Cells with Impaired Stem Cell Differentiation upon Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Pan Lei , Lee Yew Mun , Lim Teck Kwang , Lin Qingsong , Xu Xiuqin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe increasing number of nanoparticles (NPs) being used in various industries has led to growing concerns of potential hazards that NP exposure can incur on human health. However, its global effects on humans and the underlying mechanisms are not systemically studied. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), with the ability to differentiate to any cell types, provide a unique system to assess cellular, developmental, and functional toxicity in vitro within a single system highly relevant to human physiology. Here, the quantitative proteomics approach is adopted to evaluate the molecular consequences of titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2 NPs) exposure in hESCs. The study identifies ≈328 unique proteins significantly affected by TiO2 NPs exposure. Proteomics analysis highlights that TiO2 NPs can induce DNA damage, elevated oxidative stress, apoptotic responses, and cellular differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo analysis demonstrates remarkable reduction in the ability of hESCs in teratoma formation after TiO2 NPs exposure, suggesting impaired pluripotency. Subsequently, it is found that TiO2 NPs can disrupt hESC mesoderm differentiation into cardiomyocytes. The study unveils comprehensive changes in the molecular landscape of hESCs by TiO2 NPs and identifies the impact which TiO2 NPs can have on the pluripotency and differentiation properties of human stem cells.
Model‐based systems engineering: Motivation, current status, and research opportunities
Authors: Madni Azad M. , Sievers Michael 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs systems continue to grow in scale and complexity, the Systems Engineering community has turned to Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) to manage complexity, maintain consistency, and assure traceability during system development. It is different from “engineering with models,” which has been a common practice in the engineering profession for decades. MBSE is a holistic, systems engineering approach centered on the evolving system model, which serves as the “sole source of truth” about the system. It comprises system specification, design, validation, and configuration management. Even though MBSE is beginning to see a fair amount of use in multiple industries, specific advances are needed on multiple fronts to realize its full benefits. This paper discusses the motivation for MBSE, and its current state of maturity. It presents systems modeling methodologies and the role of ontologies and metamodels in MBSE. It presents model‐based verification and validation (V&V) as an example of MBSE use. An illustrative example of the use of MBSE for design synthesis is presented to demonstrate an important MBSE capability. The paper concludes with a discussion of challenges to widescale adoption and offers promising research directions to fully realize the potential benefits of MBSE.
Diphoton production at the LHC: a QCD study up to NNLO
Authors: Catani Stefano , Cieri Leandro , de Florian Daniel , Ferrera Giancarlo , Grazzini Massimiliano 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe consider the production of prompt-photon pairs at the LHC and we report on a study of QCD radiative corrections up to the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). We present a detailed comparison of next-to-leading order (NLO) results obtained within the standard and smooth cone isolation criteria, by studying the dependence on the isolation parameters. We highlight the role of different partonic subprocesses within the two isolation criteria, and we show that they produce large radiative corrections for both criteria. Smooth cone isolation is a consistent procedure to compute QCD radiative corrections at NLO and beyond. If photon isolation is sufficiently tight, we show that the NLO results for the two isolation procedures are consistent with each other within their perturbative uncertainties. We then extend our study to NNLO by using smooth cone isolation. We discuss the impact of the NNLO corrections and the corresponding perturbative uncertainties for both fiducial cross sections and distributions, and we comment on the comparison with some LHC data. Throughout our study we remark on the main features that are produced by the kinematical selection cuts that are applied to the photons. In particular, we examine soft-gluon singularities that appear in the perturbative computations of the invariant mass distribution of the photon pair, the transverse-momentum spectra of the photons, and the fiducial cross section with asymmetric and symmetric photon transverse-momentum cuts, and we present their behaviour in analytic form.
Non-relativistic Maxwell Chern-Simons gravity
Authors: Avilés Luis , Frodden Ernesto , Gomis Joaquim , Hidalgo Diego , Zanelli Jorge 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe consider a non-relativistic (NR) limit of (2 + 1)-dimensional Maxwell Chern-Simons (CS) gravity with gauge algebra [Maxwell] ⊕u(1) ⊕u(1). We obtain a finite NR CS gravity with a degenerate invariant bilinear form. We find two ways out of this difficulty: to consider i) [Maxwell] ⊕u(1), which does not contain Extended Bargmann gravity (EBG); or, ii) the NR limit of [Maxwell] ⊕u(1)⊕u(1)⊕u(1), which is a Maxwellian generalization of the EBG.
F-theory models on K3 surfaces with various Mordell-Weil ranks — constructions that use quadratic base change of rational elliptic surfaces
Authors: Kimura Yusuke 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We constructed several families of elliptic K3 surfaces with Mordell-Weil groups of ranks from 1 to 4. We studied F-theory compactifications on these elliptic K3 surfaces times a K3 surface.
Gluing pairs of identical rational elliptic surfaces with nonzero Mordell-Weil ranks yields elliptic K3 surfaces, the Mordell-Weil groups of which have nonzero ranks. The sum of the ranks of the singularity type and the Mordell-Weil group of any rational elliptic surface with a global section is 8. By utilizing this property, families of rational elliptic surfaces with various nonzero Mordell-Weil ranks can be obtained by choosing appropriate singularity types. Gluing pairs of these rational elliptic surfaces yields families of elliptic K3 surfaces with various nonzero Mordell-Weil ranks.
We also determined the global structures of the gauge groups that arise in F-theory compactifications on the resulting K3 surfaces times a K3 surface. U(1) gauge fields arise in these compactifications.
Applications of RNA Indexes for Precision Oncology in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ma Liming , Liang Zirui , Zhou Hui , Qu Lianghu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Precision oncology aims to offer the most appropriate treatments to cancer patients mainly based on their individual genetic information. Genomics has provided numerous valuable data on driver mutations and risk loci; however, it remains a formidable challenge to transform these data into therapeutic agents. Transcriptomics describes the multifarious expression patterns of both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which facilitates the deciphering of genomic codes. In this review, we take breast cancer as an example to demonstrate the applications of these rich RNA resources in precision medicine exploration. These include the use of mRNA profiles in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtyping to inform corresponding candidate targeted therapies; current advancements and achievements of high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screening technologies in breast cancer; and microRNAs as functional signatures for defining cell identities and regulating the biological activities of breast cancer cells. We summarize the benefits of transcriptomic analyses in breast cancer management and propose that unscrambling the core signaling networks of cancer may be an important task of multiple-omic data integration for precision oncology.
Cognitive Outcomes After Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Nassiri Farshad , Workewych Adriana M. , Badhiwala Jetan H. , Cusimano Michael D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground The long-term cognitive and quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes after treatment of ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms are unknown. Methods Potential participants were all consecutive patients with ruptured ACoA aneurysms who were treated at one institution from July 1992 to December 2008. All potential participants were asked to complete the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Center for Epidemiology Studies-Depression (CES-D) questionnaire, Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire, and Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-Modified (TICS-M). Patient charts were retrospectively reviewed for baseline demographics and clinical status, intra-operative details, and post-operative course. Reporting of cognitive and QoL assessment results was stratified by treatment method (endovascular coil embolization and surgical clipping by pterional craniotomy or orbitocranial craniotomy). Results In total, 82 patients (18 treated with coiling, 27 by orbitocranial craniotomy, and 37 by pterional craniotomy) were included in this study. In total, 32 patients (9 treated by coiling, 11 by orbitocranial craniotomy, and 16 by pterional craniotomy) completed follow-up cognitive and QoL questionnaires. The mean follow-up for patients who completed the questionnaires was 8.64±3.81 years. The three groups did not differ in questionnaires assessing cognitive status (TICS-M p=0.114, CFQ p=0.111). Moreover, there were no observed differences in QoL or depression scores between the three groups. Conclusions At long-term follow-up, QoL, cognitive, and depression test scores of patients with ruptured ACoA aneurysms are similar across open surgery and coiling modalities. Our results emphasize the importance of considering long-term outcomes with validated daily measures of functioning when reporting on outcomes after treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Larger prospective studies are required to further explore the results.
The European Paromomyidae (Primates, Mammalia): taxonomy, phylogeny, and biogeographic implications
Authors: López-Torres Sergi , Silcox Mary T. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPlesiadapiforms represent the first radiation of Primates, appearing near the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Eleven families of plesiadapiforms are recognized, including the Paromomyidae. Four species of paromomyids from the early Eocene have been reported from Europe:Arcius fuscusRussell et al., 1967,Arcius lapparentiRussell et al., 1967, andArcius rougieriGodinot, 1984 from France andArcius zbyszewskiiEstravís, 2000 from Portugal. OtherArciusspecimens from the early Eocene are known from Masia de l’Hereuet (Spain), Abbey Wood (England), and Sotteville-sur-Mer (Normandy, France). A cladistic analysis of the European paromomyids has never previously been published. A total of 53 dental characters were analyzed for the fourArciusspecies and the specimens from Spain, England, and Normandy. The results of a parsimony analysis using TNT agree with previous conceptions ofA. zbyszewskiias the most primitive member of the genus. Consistent with existing hypotheses,Arcius rougieriis positioned as the sister taxon ofA. fuscusandA. lapparenti, and the results suggest that the fossil from Normandy isA. zbyszewskii. However, the English fossil pertains to a primitive lineage, rather than grouping withA. lapparentias had been suggested; as such it is recognized here as a distinct species (Arcius hookerinew species). The Spanish fossils cluster together with the French species but do not show the previously proposed special relationship withA. lapparentiand are sufficiently distinct to be placed in a new species (Arcius ilerdensis).Arciusis recovered as monophyletic, which is consistent with a single migration event from North America to Europe around the earliest Eocene through the Greenland land bridge.UUID:http://zoobank.org/f4aac438-82d2-4a25-887b-3e0c072d87f6
Inhibition ofex vivoerythropoiesis by secreted and haemozoin-associatedPlasmodium falciparumproducts
Authors: Boehm Daniela , Healy Lydia , Ring Sarah , Bell Angus 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to a third of global malaria deaths may be attributable to malarial anaemia, with children and pregnant women being those most severely affected. An inefficient erythropoietic response to the destruction of both infected and uninfected erythrocytes in infections withPlasmodiumspp. contributes significantly to the development and persistence of such anaemia. The underlying mechanisms, which could involve both direct inhibition of erythropoiesis by parasite-derived factors and indirect inhibition as a result of modulation of the immune response, remain poorly understood. We found parasite-derived factors in conditioned medium (CM) of blood-stagePlasmodium falciparumand crude isolates of parasite haemozoin directly to inhibit erythropoiesis in anex vivomodel based on peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cells. Erythropoiesis-inhibiting activity was detected in a fraction of CM that was sensitive to heat inactivation and protease digestion. Erythropoiesis was also inhibited by crude parasite haemozoin but not by detergent-treated, heat-inactivated or protease-digested haemozoin. These results suggest that the erythropoiesis-inhibiting activity in both cases is mediated by proteins or protein-containing biomolecules and may offer new leads to the treatment of malarial anaemia.
Development of a sensitive immunochromatographic kit using fluorescent silica nanoparticles for rapid serodiagnosis of amebiasis
Authors: Tachibana Hiroshi , Kakino Azumi , Kazama Makoto , Feng Meng , Asai Satomi , Umezawa Kazuo , Nozaki Tsukasa , Makiuchi Takashi , Kamada Takayuki , Watanabe Hideki , Horiki Noriyuki , Cheng Xunjia , Masuda Gohta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe have previously shown that the C-terminal region of the intermediate subunit ofEntamoeba histolyticagalactose- andN-acetyl-D-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin (C-Igl) is a useful antigen for serodiagnosis of amebiasis. An immunochromatographic kit was developed using fluorescent silica nanoparticles coated with C-Igl prepared inEscherichia coli. Samples for examination were added to the freeze-dried particles and then applied to the immunochromatographic device, in which a test line on the membrane was also coated with C-Igl. Fluorescent intensity was measured using a hand-held reader. In an evaluation of the kit using a human monoclonal antibody, the minimum amount of C-Igl specific antibody showing positive results was 100 pg. In the evaluation of serum samples with different antibody titers in indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests in the kit, 20µL of serum was sufficient to obtain positive results at 30 min. Serum samples from symptomatic patients with amebic colitis and amebic liver abscess and those from asymptomaticE. histolytica-cyst carriers showed positive results in the kit. Based on evaluation using sera from healthy controls and patients with other infectious diseases, the sensitivity and specificity of the kit were 100 and 97.6%, respectively. Therefore, we conclude that the newly developed kit is useful for rapid serodiagnosis of amebiasis.
A new pathogen spillover from domestic to wild animals: Plasmodium juxtanucleare infects free-living passerines in Brazil
Authors: Ferreira-Junior Francisco C. , de Angeli Dutra Daniela , Silveira Patrícia , Pacheco Richard Campos , Witter Rute , de Souza Ramos Dirceu Guilherme , Pacheco M. Andreína , Escalante Ananias A. , Braga Érika M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHabitat modification may facilitate the emergence of novel pathogens, and the expansion of agricultural frontiers make domestic animals important sources of pathogen spillover to wild animals. We demonstrate for the first time that Plasmodium juxtanucleare, a widespread parasite from domestic chickens, naturally infects free-living passerines. We sampled 68 wild birds within and at the border of conservation units in central Brazil composed by Cerrado, a highly threatened biome. Seven out of 10 passerines captured in the limits of a protected area with a small farm were infected by P. juxtanucleare as was confirmed by sequencing a fragment of the parasite's cytochrome b. Blood smears from these positive passerines presented trophozoites, meronts and gametocytes compatible with P. juxtanucleare, meaning these birds are competent hosts for this parasite. After these intriguing results, we sampled 30 backyard chickens managed at the area where P. juxtanucleare-infected passerines were captured, revealing one chicken infected by the same parasite lineage. We sequenced the almost complete mitochondrial genome from all positive passerines, revealing that Brazilian and Asian parasites are closely related. P. juxtanucleare can be lethal to non-domestic hosts under captive and rehabilitation conditions, suggesting that this novel spillover may pose a real threat to wild birds.
The philosophy offilioque
Authors: EFFINGHAM NIKK 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis article offers a model of the Trinity dealing with various objections to thefilioqueclause. I deal with three worries: the problem of double procession; the problem of the Father's omnipotence; worries about the Spirit's subordination. The model has two main commitments: (i) relations like proceeding, begetting, generation, etc. are causal relations; (ii) each Divine Person is caused by the other two Divine Persons. The model also allows for the Father's elevation over and above the Spirit and the Son. I end by discussing some problems for this revisionary scheme.1
Exploiting lattice structures in shape grammar implementations
Authors: Chau Hau Hing , McKay Alison , Earl Christopher F. , Behera Amar Kumar , de Pennington Alan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe ability to work with ambiguity and compute new designs based on both defined and emergent shapes are unique advantages of shape grammars. Realizing these benefits in design practice requires the implementation of general purpose shape grammar interpreters that support: (a) the detection of arbitrary subshapes in arbitrary shapes and (b) the application of shape rules that use these subshapes to create new shapes. The complexity of currently available interpreters results from their combination of shape computation (for subshape detection and the application of rules) with computational geometry (for the geometric operations need to generate new shapes). This paper proposes a shape grammar implementation method for three-dimensional circular arcs represented as rational quadratic Bézier curves based on lattice theory that reduces this complexity by separating steps in a shape computation process from the geometrical operations associated with specific grammars and shapes. The method is demonstrated through application to two well-known shape grammars: Stiny's triangles grammar and Jowers and Earl's trefoil grammar. A prototype computer implementation of an interpreter kernel has been built and its application to both grammars is presented. The use of Bézier curves in three dimensions opens the possibility to extend shape grammar implementations to cover the wider range of applications that are needed before practical implementations for use in real life product design and development processes become feasible.
Efficient probabilistic grammar induction for design
Authors: Whiting Mark E. , Cagan Jonathan , LeDuc Philip 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe use of grammars in design and analysis has been set back by the lack of automated ways to induce them from arbitrarily structured datasets. Machine translation methods provide a construct for inducing grammars from coded data which have been extended to be used for design through pre-coded design data. This work introduces a four-step process for inducing grammars from un-coded structured datasets which can constitute a wide variety of data types, including many used in the design. The method includes: (1) extracting objects from the data, (2) forming structures from objects, (3) expanding structures into rules based on frequency, and (4) finding rule similarities that lead to consolidation or abstraction. To evaluate this method, grammars are induced from generated data, architectural layouts and three-dimensional design models to demonstrate that this method offers usable grammars automatically which are functionally similar to grammars produced by hand.