bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling the significance of social support and entrepreneurial skills for determining entrepreneurial behaviour of individuals
Authors: Farooq Muhammad Shoaib 
Published: April 2018

PurposeAlthough entrepreneurial behaviour is considered a key element for economic development, yet very less is known about the determinants of factors leading towards entrepreneurial intention and behaviour. In order to bridge this gap, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of social support and entrepreneurial skills in determining entrepreneurial behaviour of individuals. Developing on the base of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), this study investigates the relationship between social support, entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial behaviour along with existing constructs of the TPB (i.e. attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and entrepreneurial intention).Design/methodology/approachData was collected from 281 respondents using a simple random sampling method, and the variance-based partial least-squares, structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach was used for testing the proposed conceptual model.FindingsFindings of this study have validated the proposed model, which have an explanatory power of 68.3 per cent. Moreover, findings reveal that social support and entrepreneurial skills have a significant impact on entrepreneurial intention of individuals. However, an unanticipated and non-significant relation between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention is also found.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the limited scope of this study, a multi-group analysis is not possible, which is considered as a limitation of this study. Moreover, due to time constraints, this study is conducted within a specified time-frame; however, a longitudinal study over a period of three to six years can overcome this limitation.Practical implicationsFindings of this study are expected to have substantial implications for policy makers, future researchers and academicians. Outcomes of this study can help to better understand the cognitive phenomenon of nascent entrepreneurs. Moreover, it is expected that this study can serve as a torch-bearer for policy makers to develop better entrepreneurial development programmes, policies and initiatives for promoting self-employment behaviour.Originality/valueFindings of this study are a unique step forward and offer new insights towards a better understanding of the determinants of entrepreneurial behaviour. Moreover, this study extends Ajzen’s (1991) TPB in the context of entrepreneurial behaviour. By introducing and investigating the impact of two new variables, i.e. social support and entrepreneurial skills in the TPB and by validating the proposed model with PLS-SEM approach, this study makes a sizeable theoretical, methodological and contextual contribution in the overall body of knowledge.
Beyond the heartlands: deindustrialization, naturalization and the meaning of an ‘industrial’ tradition
Authors: Nettleingham David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDeindustrialization is a complex and multifaceted series of processes and transitions, reflecting the equally complicated web of social relationships and interdependencies that constitute(d) an industrial society. Contemporary scholars have looked beyond just the economic impact of industrial loss, to the cultural, temporal and spatial legacies and impacts wrought by the mass closures of the 1980s, as well as the continuing presence of an industrial identity in struggles over representation and regeneration. However, deindustrialization has a history that precedes the volatility and culmination of that period, and has impacted upon a more geographically diverse range of former industrial locations than are commonly represented. The narratives that surround some sites are complicated by their displacement in time, place and discourse; they lack the political capital of an ‘industrial’ identity through this disassociation. In this article I aim to go beyond what we might consider the industrial ‘heartlands’ of the UK to a place that has felt the impact of deindustrialization, but which falls outside of the usual representations of the UK's industrial past. I explore how the industrial identity and memory of a place can be naturalized and selectively reworked for the needs of the hour, the very meaning of ‘industrial’ altered in the process. I argue that for sites unable to access or utilize the imagery of modern, heavy industry for community or promotional aims, deindustrialization becomes a process of rewriting an historic identity – one that sheds new light on industrial loss in diverse situations, and at an ever‐increasing distance from closure.
Trends in prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity among Swedish children and adolescents between 2004 and 2015
Authors: Eriksson Marit , Lingfors Hans , Golsäter Marie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThis study explored weight trends among children aged 4, 7, 11, 14 and 17 years in Jönköping County Sweden, from 2004 to 2015.MethodsThe study had a repeated cross‐sectional design, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on height and weight measurements collected from child health and school health records. The prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity was estimated with international cut‐offs, with linear trends calculated separately for boys and girls.ResultsThere were 190 965 measurements of BMI and these covered 82–97% of the younger children and 55–69% of the older children during the study period. The prevalence of thinness varied between 0.2% and 2.2% across time and age groups and did not change over the study period. There was a small decrease in overweight among both girls and boys aged four years. There were increasing trends in overweight and obesity in both girls and boys aged 11 and 14 years of age and a sharp increase among 17‐year‐old boys, with 7.3% obese in 2014/2015 and 3.6% in 2004/2005.ConclusionThe prevalence of obesity decreased from 2004 to 2015 or was stable in younger Swedish children, but increased among older children, with a large increase in adolescent boys.
Migrating Industrial Relations: Migrant Workers’ Initiative Within and Outside Trade Unions
Authors: Alberti Gabriella , Però Davide 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article develops an embedded actor‐centred framework for studying the mobilization and bargaining practices of migrant workers. This framework is applied to examine two instances of labour organizing by low‐paid Latin American workers in London showing how migrant workers can develop innovative collective initiatives located at the junction of class and ethnicity that can be effective and rewarding in material and non‐material terms. In particular, the article shows that while there is a growing interest on the part of established unions to represent migrant workers, their bargaining and mobilization strategies appear inadequate to accommodate the bottom‐up initiatives of such workers who, as a result, have started to articulate them independently. On the basis of the findings obtained, we thus argue in favour of an actor‐centred framework to the study of migration and IR to better identify migrant workers’ interests, identities and practices as shaped by complex regulatory and social context.
Optimal Sample Weights for Hemispherical Integral Quadratures
Authors: Marques Ricardo , Bouville Christian , Bouatouch Kadi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes optimal quadrature rules over the hemisphere for the shading integral. We leverage recent work regarding the theory of quadrature rules over the sphere in order to derive a new theoretical framework for the general case of hemispherical quadrature error analysis. We then apply our framework to the case of the shading integral. We show that our quadrature error theory can be used to derive optimal sample weights (OSW) which account for both the features of the sampling pattern and the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Our method significantly outperforms familiar Quasi Monte Carlo (QMC) and stochastic Monte Carlo techniques. Our results show that the OSW are very effective in compensating for possible irregularities in the sample distribution. This allows, for example, to significantly exceed the regular convergence rate of stochastic Monte Carlo while keeping the exact same sample sets. Another important benefit of our method is that OSW can be applied whatever the sampling points distribution: the sample distribution need not follow a probability density function, which makes our technique much more flexible than QMC or stochastic Monte Carlo solutions. In particular, our theoretical framework allows to easily combine point sets derived from different sampling strategies (e.g. targeted to diffuse and glossy BRDF). In this context, our rendering results show that our approach overcomes MIS (Multiple Importance Sampling) techniques.
Evaluation of a new biphasic calcium phosphate for maxillary sinus floor elevation: Micro‐CT and histomorphometrical analyses
Authors: Helder Marco N. , van Esterik Fransisca A. S. , Kwehandjaja Mardi D. , ten Bruggenkate Christiaan M. , Klein‐Nulend Jenneke , Schulten Engelbert A. J. M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesSynthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with a hydroxyapatite/ß‐tricalcium phosphate (HA/ß‐TCP) ratio of 60/40 (BCP60/40) is successfully used as alternative for autologous bone in patients undergoing maxillary sinus floor elevation (MSFE) for dental implant placement. A high percentage of HA in BCP60/40 may hamper efficient scaffold remodeling. Osteogenesis and neovascularization are pivotal in effective bone regeneration. We aimed to investigate whether differences exist in osteogenic and/or vasculogenic potential of BCP60/40 and BCP20/80 in patients undergoing MSFE.Materials and methodsTwenty patients undergoing MSFE were treated with BCP60/40 (n = 10) or BCP20/80 (n = 10). Bone and graft volumes were determined by micro‐computed tomography and histomorphometrical analysis of biopsies of the augmented region. Osteoid volumes, number of osteoclasts, and blood vessels were determined by histomorphometrical analysis. The biopsies were taken 6.5 months (26 weeks) postoperatively prior to dental implant placement.ResultsBone and osteoid volumes were 9.7% and 0.8% higher at the most cranial side of the BCP20/80 biopsies compared to the BCP60/40 biopsies. Graft volumes, number of osteoclasts, and blood vessels were similar in both groups.ConclusionsBCP20/80 showed enhanced osteogenic potential in patients undergoing MSFE compared to BCP60/40, due to either a faster bone remodeling rate or an earlier start of bone formation in BCP20/80‐treated patients, suggesting that a higher TCP content positively contributes to the bone remodeling rate. Therefore, BCP20/80 might perform better, at least in the short term, as a scaffold for bone augmentation in the MSFE model than BCP60/40 as more bone is formed, and more osteoid is deposited at the cranial side in BCP20/80‐treated patients compared to BCP60/40‐treated patients. However, catch‐up of BCP60/40 in the long term cannot be ruled out.
Suitability of livers for transplantation when treated by normothermic machine perfusion
Authors: Allard Marc‐Antoine , Castro‐Benitez Carlos , Imai Katsunori , Selten Jasmijn , Lopez Alexandre , Sebagh Mylène , Lemoine Antoinette , Sa Cunha Antonio , Cherqui Daniel , Castaing Denis , Vibert Eric , Adam René 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundMany factors may compromise the functional recovery of a harvested potential liver for engraftment. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) can revive hepatic metabolism ex vivo enabling subsequent transplantation. In this study, we evaluated the recovery of 11 discarded livers’ function utilizing NMP.Materials and methodsEleven consecutive discarded livers underwent NMP for 6 hours. Liver function recovery was defined by lactate levels of ≤3 mmol/L and continuous bile production.ResultsTen of 11 livers perfused were fatty. The median percentage of macrosteatosis (MaS) and microsteatosis (MiS) was 40% (10%‐90%) and 40% (20%‐50%), respectively, based on a review of paraffin‐embedded sections of preperfusion biopsies. A discarded “amyloid” liver from an HIV‐positive donor was also studied. Recovery of liver function was observed in 4 livers, including that with the amyloid deposition. These livers sustained shorter cold ischemia times and seemed to have increased portal and arterial blood flow. No significant change in MiS or MaS was observed before and after perfusion.ConclusionOur results suggest that some discarded grafts might have been salvaged for transplantation. Further studies utilizing NMP with subsequent transplantation would validate this strategy.
Retinal nerve fibre layer thinning is associated with worse visual outcome after optic neuritis in children with a relapsing demyelinating syndrome
Authors: Eyre Michael , Hameed Aasim , Wright Sukhvir , Brownlee Wallace , Ciccarelli Olga , Bowman Richard , Lim Ming , Wassmer Evangeline , Thompson Dorothy , Hemingway Cheryl , Hacohen Yael 
Published: April 2018

AimOptic neuritis may be monophasic or occur as part of a relapsing demyelinating syndrome (RDS), such as multiple sclerosis, aquaporin‐4 antibody (AQP4‐Ab) neuromyelitis optical spectrum disorder (NMOSD), or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG‐Ab)‐associated disease. The aims of this study were to test whether clinical, electrophysiological, and microstructural parameters differ in multiple‐sclerosis‐associated optic neuritis (MS‐ON) and antibody‐associated optic neuritis (Ab‐ON); to identify the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of children suffering worse long‐term visual outcome of RDS‐optic neuritis; and to explore the relationship between RNFL thickness and clinical parameters in RDS‐optic neuritis.MethodForty‐two children with optic neuritis were retrospectively studied: 22 with multiple sclerosis (MS‐ON) and 20 with antibody‐associated demyelination (Ab‐ON: MOG‐Ab=16 and AQP4‐Ab=4). Clinical and paraclinical features were analysed.ResultsComplete recovery of visual acuity was reported in 25 out of 42 children; eight out of 38 (21%) suffered moderate or severe visual impairment (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR]>0.5) in their worse eye, including four out of 38 who were blind (logMAR>1.3) in their worse eye (two with multiple sclerosis, two with AQP4‐Ab NMOSD). None of the children with MOG‐Ab were blind. Recurrence of optic neuritis was more common in the Ab‐ON group than the MS‐ON group (15 out of 20 vs seven out of 22, p=0.007). Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness at baseline inversely correlated with visual acuity at final follow‐up (r=−0.41, p=0.008). There was no significant relationship between the number of episodes of optic neuritis and mean RNFL (r=−0.08, p=0.628), nor any significant relationship between the number of episodes of optic neuritis and visual impairment (r=0.03, p=0.794).InterpretationIn children with RDS, long‐term visual impairment inversely correlated with RNFL thickness, but not with the number of relapses of optic neuritis. Optical coherence tomography may have a role in assessing children with optic neuritis to monitor disease activity and inform treatment decisions.What this paper adds

Long‐term visual impairment is reported in 40% of children with a relapsing demyelinating syndrome following optic neuritis.

Relapse of optic neuritis, occurring more frequently in the non‐multiple‐sclerosis group.

Retinal nerve fibre layer thinning is associated with worse visual outcome.

Optical coherence tomography can be used alongside clinical parameters as an objective measure of neuroretinal loss.
Intracranial haemorrhage in children with inherited bleeding disorders in the UK 2003‐2015: A national cohort study
Authors: Chalmers E. A. , Alamelu J. , Collins P. W. , Mathias M. , Payne J. , Richards M. , Tunstall O. , Williams M. , Palmer B. , Mumford A. ,   Paediatric & Rare Disorders Working Parties of the UK Haemophilia Doctors Organization
Published: April 2018

IntroductionIntracranial haemorrhage in children with inherited bleeding disorders is a potentially life‐threatening complication and presents a significant therapeutic challenge.AimTo define the characteristics, management and outcomes of intracranial haemorrhage presenting in UK children ≤16 years of age with inherited bleeding disorders from 2003 to 2015.MethodRetrospective analysis of children treated at UK haemophilia centres.ResultsOf 66 children presenting with Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH), 82% had haemophilia A or B, 3% VWD and 15% a rare IBD. The IBD was a severe phenotype in 91%. The rates of ICH were 6.4 and 4.2 per 1000 patient years for haemophilia A and B, respectively. Median age at presentation was 4 months (33% neonates; 91% children <2 years of age). In neonates, delivery was spontaneous vaginal (SV) in 11, instrumental in 6, caesarean in 4 and unknown in 1. In children with haemophilia, the risk of ICH after instrumental delivery was 10.6 times greater than after SV delivery. Trauma was more common in children >2 years (67%) than in children 1 month to 2 years (18%; P = .027). Prior to ICH, only 4.5% of children were on prophylaxis. 6% of haemophiliacs had an inhibitor. The median duration of initial replacement therapy was 15 days. Mortality was 13.5%. Neurological sequelae occurred in 39% of survivors, being more common following intracerebral bleeding. In haemophilia survivors, 52% subsequently developed a FVIII inhibitor.ConclusionIntracranial haemorrhage occurs most frequently in children with severe IBDs, during the first 2 years of life and in children not receiving prophylaxis. Intracranial haemorrhage often occurs without documented trauma.
Colour differences in Caucasian and Oriental women's faces illuminated by white light‐emitting diode sources
Authors: Melgosa M. , Richard N. , Fernández‐Maloigne C. , Xiao K. , de Clermont‐Gallerande H. , Jost‐Boissard S. , Okajima K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an approach to facial contrast, analysing CIELAB colour differences () and its components in women's faces from two different ethnic groups, illuminated by modern white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) or traditional illuminants recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).MethodsWe performed spectrophotometric measurements of spectral reflectance factors on forehead and cheek of 87 young healthy women (50 Caucasians and 37 Orientals), plus five commercial red lipsticks. We considered a set of 10 white LED illuminants, representative of technologies currently available on the market, plus eight main illuminants currently recommended by the CIE, representative of conventional incandescent, daylight and fluorescent light sources. Under each of these 18 illuminants, we analysed the magnitude and components of between Caucasian and Oriental women (considering cheek and forehead), as well as for cheek–forehead and cheek–lipsticks in Caucasian and Oriental women. Colour‐inconstancy indices for cheek, forehead and lipsticks were computed, assuming D65 and A as reference illuminants.Results between forehead and cheek were quantitatively and qualitatively different in Orientals and Caucasians, but discrepancies with respect to average values for 18 illuminants were small (1.5% and 5.0% for Orientals and Caucasians, respectively). between Caucasians and Orientals were also quantitatively and qualitatively different both for forehead and cheek, and discrepancies with respect to average values were again small (1.0% and 3.9% for forehead and cheek, respectively). between lipsticks and cheek were at least two times higher than those between forehead and cheek. Regarding between lipsticks and cheeks, discrepancies with respect to average values were in the range 1.5–12.3%, although higher values of up to 54.2% were found for a white RGB LED. This white RGB LED provided the highest average colour‐inconstancy indices: 17.1 and 11.5 CIELAB units, under reference illuminants D65 and A, respectively.ConclusionColour contrasts in women's faces under CIE standard illuminants for outdoor and indoor conditions may be strongly altered using specific white LEDs. More research needs to be performed on the impact of spectral power distribution of light sources with high colour rendering indices on visual colour appearance of cosmetic products.
Defect propagation in NiTi rotary instruments: a noncontact optical profilometry analysis
Authors: Barbosa I. , Ferreira F. , Scelza P. , Neff J. , Russano D. , Montagnana M. , Zaccaro Scelza M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo evaluate the presence and propagation of defects and their effects on surfaces of nickel–titanium (NiTi) instruments using noncontact, three‐dimensional optical profilometry, and to assess the accuracy of this method of investigation.MethodologyThe flute surface areas of instruments from two commercial instrumentation systems, namely Reciproc R25 (n = 5) and WaveOne Primary (n = 5), were assessed and compared before and after performing two instrumentation cycles in simulated root canals in clear resin blocks. All the analyses were conducted on areas measuring 211 × 211 μm, located 3 mm from the tips of the instruments. A quantitative analysis was conducted before and after the first and second instrumentation cycles, using the Sa (average roughness over the measurement field), Sq (root mean square roughness) and Sz (average height over the measurement field) amplitude parameters. All the data were submitted to statistical analysis at a 5% level of significance.ResultsThere was a significant increase (P = 0.007) in wear in both groups, especially between baseline and the second instrumentation cycle, with significantly higher wear values being observed on WaveOne instruments (Sz median values = 33.68 and 2.89 μm, respectively, for WO and RP groups). A significant increase in surface roughness (P = 0.016 and P = 0.008, respectively, for Sa and Sq) was observed in both groups from the first to the second instrumentation cycle, mostly in WaveOne specimens. Qualitative analysis revealed a greater number of defects on the flute topography of all the instruments after use.ConclusionsMore defects were identified in WaveOne Primary instruments compared to Reciproc R25, irrespective of the evaluation stage. The investigation method provided an accurate, repeatable and reproducible assessment of NiTi instruments at different time‐points.
The antioxidant activity and transcellular pathway of Asp‐Leu‐Glu‐Glu in a Caco‑2 cell monolayer
Authors: Xing Lujuan , Liu Rui , Tang Changbo , Pereira Jailson , Zhou Guanghong , Zhang Wangang 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAsp‐Leu‐Glu‐Glu (DLEE) is one of the antioxidant peptides purified from Chinese dry‐cured Xuanwei ham in our previous study. In the current work, the stability in a simulated digestion system, the transportation pathway and the antioxidant ability of DLEE were further investigated in a Caco‐2 cell monolayer. In the simulated gastrointestinal digestion system, no oligopeptides were generated. In the transport trial, the inhibitors cytochalasin D increased the transport of DLEE across the Caco‐2 cell monolayer, with Papp values of 3.22 × 10−6 cm s−1. A decreased expression occludin was observed with the DLEE incubation in the cell monolayer, and the antioxidant activity showed to be increased gradually in basolateral side. This study indicates that the absorption of DLEE could mainly occur via paracellular transport and provides information about its antioxidant activity after being absorbed across a cell monolayer.