bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should we start a nationwide screening program for critical congenital heart disease in Turkey? A pilot study on four centres with different altitudes
Authors: Dilli Dilek , Doğan Vehbi , Özyurt Banu M. , Özyurt Abdullah , Hakan Nilay , Bozabalı Sibel , Caner İbrahim , Olgun Haşim , Koç Murat , Taşoğlu İrfan , Karademir Selmin , Zenciroğlu Ayşegül 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground:To investigate the feasibility of critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening test by pulse oximetry in four geographical regions of Turkey with different altitudes, before implementation of a nationwide screening program.Methods:It was a prospective multi-centre study performed in four centres, between December, 2015 and May, 2017. Pre- and post-ductal oxygen saturations and perfusion indices (PI) were measured using Masimo Radical-7 at early postnatal days. The results were evaluated according to the algorithm recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Additionally, a PI value <0.7 was accepted to be significant.Results:In 4888 newborns, the mean screening time was 31.5 ± 12.1 hours. At first attempt, the mean values of pre- and post-ductal measurements were: saturation 97.3 ± 1.8%, PI 2.8 ± 2.0, versus saturation 97.7 ± 1.8%, PI 2.3±1.3, respectively. Pre-ductal saturations and PI and post-ductal saturations were the lowest in Centre 4 with the highest altitude. Overall test positivity rate was 0.85% (n = 42). CCHD was detected in six babies (0.12%). Of them, right hand (91 ± 6.3) and foot saturations (92.1 ± 4.3%) were lower compared to ones with non-CCHD and normal variants (p <0.05, for all comparisons). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratio of the test were: 83.3%, 99.9%, 11.9%, 99.9%, and 99.2%, respectively.Conclusion:This study concluded that pulse oximetry screening is an effective screening tool for congenital heart disease in newborns at different altitudes. We support the implementation of a national screening program with consideration of altitude differences for our country.
Severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with everolimus drug-eluting stent placement in an infant
Authors: Lai Kuan-Chi , Brothers Julie A. , Stoller Jason Z. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe report a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia associated with an everolimus drug-eluting stent in an infant with pulmonary vein stenosis. We review from current literature the mechanisms by which everolimus may cause dyslipidaemia, pharmacokinetics of everolimus in drug-eluting stents, and treatments of hypertriglyceridemia. This case demonstrates the need to closely monitor serum triglyceride levels after everolimus drug-eluting stent placement in infants.
The Tsukui (Japan) Yamayuri-en Facility Stabbing Mass-Casualty Incident
Authors: Maruhashi Takaaki , Takeuchi Ichiro , Hattori Jun , Kataoka Yuichi , Asari Yasushi 
Published: April 2019

Introduction:In July 2016, a mass-casualty stabbing attack took place at a facility for disabled persons located in Sagamihara City (Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan). The attack resulted in 45 casualties, including 19 deaths. The study hospital dispatched physicians to the field and admitted multiple casualties. This report aimed to review the physicians’ experiences and to provide insights for the formulation of response measures for similar incidents in the future.Report:This incident involved 30 emergency teams and 12 fire department teams, including those from neighboring fire departments. Five physicians from three medical institutions, including the study hospital, entered the field. The Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) method was used on the field. The final field triage category count was: 20 red, four yellow, two green, and 19 black tags. All the casualties (n = 26) except for the 19 black tag casualties were transported to one of six neighboring medical institutions.The median age of the transported casualties was 41 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 35.5 – 42.0). Three casualties (21.4%) were in hemorrhagic shock on arrival at the hospital. Twelve patients had multiple cervical stab wounds (median four wounds; IQR = 3.75 – 6.0). A total of 91.7% of these stab wounds were in mid-neck Zone II region. Of the 12 patients with cervical stab wounds, four (33.3%) required emergency surgery, and the rest were sutured on an out-patient basis. One patient had already been sutured on the field. All patients requiring emergency surgery had deep wounds, including those of the carotid vein, thyroid gland, nerves, and the trachea. Eight of the casualties were hospitalized at the study institution. Five of them were admitted to the intensive care unit. There were no deaths among the casualties transported to the hospitals.Conclusion:Regional core disaster medical hospitals must take on a central role, particularly in the case of local disasters. Horizontal communication and interactions should be reinforced by devising protocols and conducting joint training for effective inter-department collaborations on the field.Maruhashi, T, Takeuchi, I, Hattori, J, Kataoka, Y, Asari, Y. The Tsukui (Japan) Yamayuri-en facility stabbing mass-casualty incident. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):203–208
An Alternative Account of the Populist Backlash in the United States: A Perspective from Turkey
Authors: Esen Berk , Yardımcı-Geyikçi Şebnem 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTScholars tend to assume that consolidated democracies are free from the global retreat of democracy due to their strong institutions and economic development. Yet, populist forces that challenge the liberal democratic model have started to increase their support even in Western countries. However, in no country has democratic backsliding taken scholars by more surprise than in the United States. This article addresses the question of how a populist figure like Donald Trump managed to win the presidential election and subsequently undermined the democratic institutions in one of the world’s oldest democracies. We contend that the upsurge of populist leaders in contemporary Western democracies resulted from the political establishment’s failure to juggle responsiveness and responsibility simultaneously. In addition to our discussion of American politics, we draw parallels with the Turkish case to demonstrate our causal argument and offer suggestions on how to reverse democratic backsliding in the United States.
Characterizing core beliefs in psychosis: a qualitative study
Authors: Taylor Christopher D.J. , Haddock Gillian , Speer Susan , Bee Penny E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground: Cognitive behavioural treatments are recommended for people with psychosis. Core beliefs regarding the self and others are a key part of the models underpinning cognitive behavioural therapy but detailed understanding of these putative beliefs in people with psychosis are limited. A greater understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to improve and refine treatments.Aims: This study utilized a qualitative approach to explore core schematic beliefs in psychosis (strongly held positive and negative beliefs about the self and others) and their relation to hallucinations and delusions.Method: Twenty individuals with psychosis participated in individual semi-structured interviews. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews.Results: Four emergent themes were identified: (i) the solidity and permanency of core beliefs, (ii) the causes and development of core beliefs, (iii) a synergistic relationship between core beliefs and symptoms, and (iv) core beliefs associated with images and their influence on psychotic symptoms.Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the range and character of core beliefs in psychosis and provides important data to guide ongoing and future development of treatment approaches for psychosis.
Anticoagulation in addition to dual antiplatelet therapy has no	impact on long-term follow-up after endovascular treatment of (sub)acute lower	limb ischemia
Authors: Kronlage Mariya , Blessing Erwin , Müller Oliver J. , Heilmeier Britta , Katus Hugo A. , Erbel Christian 
Published: April 2019

Summary. Background: To assess the impact of short- vs. long-term anticoagulation in addition to standard dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) upon endovascular treatment of (sub)acute thrombembolic occlusions of the lower extremity. Patient and methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on 202 patients with a thrombembolic occlusion of lower extremities, followed by crirical limb ischemia that received endovascular treatment including thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, or a combination of both between 2006 and 2015 at a single center. Following antithrombotic regimes were compared: 1) dual antiplatelet therapy, DAPT for 4 weeks (aspirin 100 mg/d and clopidogrel 75 mg/d) upon intervention, followed by a lifelong single antiplatelet therapy; 2) DAPT plus short term anticoagulation for 4 weeks, followed by a lifelong single antiplatelet therapy; 3) DAPT plus long term anticoagulation for > 4 weeks, followed by a lifelong anticoagulation. Results: Endovascular treatment was associated with high immediate revascularization (> 98 %), as well as overall and amputation-free survival rates (> 85 %), independent from the chosen anticoagulation regime in a two-year follow up, p > 0.05. Anticoagulation in addition to standard antiplatelet therapy had no significant effect on patency or freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR) 24 months upon index procedure for both thrombotic and embolic occlusions. Severe bleeding complications occurred more often in the long-term anticoagulation group (9.3 % vs. 5.6 % (short-term group) and 6.5 % (DAPT group), p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our observational study demonstrates that the choice of an antithrombotic regime had no impact on the long-term follow-up after endovascular treatment of acute thrombembolic limb ischemia whereas prolonged anticoagulation was associated with a nominal increase in severe bleeding complications.
Seasonality and Buoyancy Suppression of Turbulence in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Thakur Ritabrata , Shroyer Emily L. , Govindarajan Rama , Farrar J. Thomas , Weller Robert A. , Moum James N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA yearlong record from moored current, temperature, conductivity, and four mixing meters (χpods) in the northernmost international waters of the Bay of Bengal quantifies upper‐ocean turbulent diffusivity of heat (Kt) and its response to the Indian monsoon. Data indicate (1) pronounced intermittency in turbulence at semidiurnal, diurnal, and near‐inertial timescales, (2) strong turbulence above 25‐m depth during the SW (summer) and NE (winter) monsoon relative to the transition periods (compare Kt > 10−4 m2/s to Kt  ∼ 10−5 m2/s, and (3) persistent suppression of turbulence (Kt < 10−5 m2/s) for 3 to 5 months in the latter half of the SW monsoon coincident with enhanced near‐surface stratification postarrival of low‐salinity water from the Brahmaputra‐Ganga‐Meghna delta and monsoonal precipitation. This suppression promotes maintenance of the low‐salinity surface waters within the interior of the bay preconditioning the upper northern Indian Ocean for the next year's monsoon.
Momentum Drag Effect Over Urbanized Areas in the ACM2 PBL Component of the WRF model
Authors: Dy C. Y. , Fung J. C. H. , Pleim Jonathan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMesoscale meteorology models, such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, typically use land use categorization data to specify surface characteristics by grid cells. In commonly used land use schemes, such as the 24‐class U.S. Geological Survey land use classification system or the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer landcover product, cities are placed in single urban categories that are characterized by a high roughness length. Monin‐Obunkov similarity theory is commonly used to simulate boundary layer dynamics based on surface energy and momentum fluxes which resulted in an overprediction of wind speed in weather forecasts for urban areas. It is thus crucial to include the momentum drag effects of the buildings, including walls and roofs, in the prediction models. The WRF model contains several momentum flux parameterizations, including the single‐layer urban canopy model, building effect parameterization, and building energy model. The building energy model and building effect parameterization schemes are limited to the Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic or BouLac planetary boundary layer models and are computationally costly. In this study, a realistic multilayer urban approach is introduced into the Asymmetric Convective Model version 2 planetary boundary layer component of the WRF model. Sensitivity tests are applied to a range of urban morphological parameters in idealized simulations, and the impact of building morphology on atmospheric conditions is examined. The modified Asymmetric Convective Model version 2 is implemented in two real cases in the forecast mode, resulting in significant improvements in wind speed prediction.
Gravity Waves in Global High‐Resolution Simulations With Explicit and Parameterized Convection
Authors: Stephan C. C. , Strube C. , Klocke D. , Ern M. , Hoffmann L. , Preusse P. , Schmidt H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIncreasing computing resources allow us to run weather and climate models at horizontal resolutions of 1–10 km. At this range, which is often referred to as the convective gray zone, clouds and convective transport are partly resolved, yet models may not achieve a satisfactory performance without convective parameterizations. Meanwhile, large fractions of the gravity wave (GW) spectrum become resolved at these scales. Convectively generated GWs are sensitive to spatiotemporal characteristics of convective cells. This raises the question of how resolved GWs respond to changes in the treatment of convection. Two global simulations with a horizontal grid spacing of 5 km are performed, one with explicit and one with parameterized convection. The latitudinal profiles of absolute zonal‐mean GW momentum flux match well between both model configurations and observations by satellite limb sounders. However, the simulation with explicit convection shows ∼30–50% larger zonal‐mean momentum fluxes in the summer hemisphere subtropics, where convection is the dominant source of GWs. Our results imply that changes in convection associated with the choice of explicit versus parameterized convection can have important consequences for resolved GWs, with broad implications for the circulation and the transport in the middle atmosphere.
Multidecadal Geomorphic Evolution of a Profoundly Disturbed Gravel Bed River System—A Complex, Nonlinear Response and Its Impact on Sediment Delivery
Authors: Major J. J. , Zheng S. , Mosbrucker A. R. , Spicer K. R. , Christianson T. , Thorne C. R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA 2.5‐km3 debris avalanche during the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens buried upper North Fork Toutle River valley and reset the fluvial landscape. Since then, a new drainage network has evolved. Cross‐sectional surveys repeated over nearly 40 years at 16 locations along a 20‐km reach of river valley document channel evolution. We analyze spatial and temporal changes in channel morphology using two new metrics: (1) a shape index that defines the degree of U‐shaped or V‐shaped valley geometry and (2) an alluvial phase space diagram that relates bed degradation or aggradation to increases or decreases in cross‐sectional area. Unlike a simple, linear response model previously proposed, our analysis reveals channel development has been distinctly nonlinear and nonsequential. Rather than following a sequential trajectory of (1) channel initiation and incision, (2) aggradation and widening, and (3) episodic scour and fill with little change in bed elevation, long‐term channel evolution has been more complex with vertical and lateral adjustments intertwined throughout. Our analysis reveals channel evolution has followed a complex trajectory that has migrated nonsequentially through several phase space domains including degradation and aggradation with widening and narrowing, bed‐level fluctuations with little change in cross‐section area, and changes in cross‐sectional area with little change of bed elevation. Persistent channel widening and reworking of the channel bed are responsible for maintaining elevated sediment delivery from this basin. Elevated sediment delivery is likely to persist until valley floor widths greatly exceed that of the channel migration zone, and/or channel slopes and valley walls stabilize.
Structural and Geomorphic Evidence for Rolling‐Hinge Style Deformation of an Active Continental Low‐Angle Normal Fault, SE Papua New Guinea
Authors: Mizera M. , Little T. A. , Biemiller J. , Ellis S. , Webber S. , Norton K. P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTo what degree low‐angle normal faults (LANFs) deform by a “rolling‐hinge” mechanism is still debated for continental metamorphic core complexes (MCCs). The Mai'iu fault in SE Papua New Guinea is one of the best preserved and fastest slipping active continental LANFs on Earth, providing an ideal setting in which to evaluate footwall deformation and doming in MCCs. We analyzed structural field data from the exhumed slip surface and subjacent footwall of the Mai'iu fault, together with geomorphic data interpreted from aerial photographs and GeoSAR‐derived digital terrain models. The exhumed part of the Mai'iu fault forms a smooth, continuous surface, traced at least 28 km in the slip direction. The fault emerges from the ground near sea level with a northward dip of ≤22°N and flattens southward over the crest of the Suckling‐Dayman Dome. Its most southern mapped portion dips ~12°S. Geomorphic and structural evidence indicates updip tectonic transport of the footwall and progressive back‐tilting of the exposed part of the fault and the underlying foliation through >26°. We infer that antithetic (northside‐up) dip slip on an array of steep‐dipping faults striking parallel to the Mai'iu fault accommodated some of the exhumation‐related inelastic bending of the footwall. The exhuming footwall was subject to late‐stage slip‐parallel contractional strain as recorded by a postmetamorphic crenulation foliation that strikes parallel to the curved Mai'iu fault trace, by folds of bedding in a large rider block that is stranded on the current footwall and by strike‐parallel warps in the exhumed fault surface. Geodynamic modeling predicts the observed footwall strain.
Coulomb Mechanics and Relief Constraints Explain Landslide Size Distribution
Authors: Jeandet L. , Steer P. , Lague D. , Davy P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDespite the idea that topography could control landslide size scaling law, the contribution of landscape geometry to landslide size distribution remains elusive. We define a simple mechanical model accounting for the complexity and variability of natural hillslopes to infer the landslide depth probability density function (PDF) in a given landscape and upscale it to landslide area PDF. This model is based on both a Mohr‐Coulomb stability analysis, accounting for cohesion and friction, and a criterion of intersection between rupture planes and the topographic surface. It can reproduce the distribution of observed landslide areas triggered by several past events. We found the ranges of effective cohesion (10–35 kPa) and friction (20–45°) consistent with previous estimates of large‐scale rock strength. Using synthetic topographies, we found that the finite geometry of hillslopes (length, steepness, and concavity) exerts a first‐order control on the PDF of landslide areas, especially for large landslides.
Scalable fabrication of sub-10 nm polymer nanopores for DNA analysis
Authors: Choi Junseo , Lee Charles C. , Park Sunggook 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present the first fabrication of sub-10 nm nanopores in freestanding polymer membranes via a simple, cost-effective, high-throughput but deterministic fabrication method. Nanopores in the range of 10 nm were initially produced via a single-step nanoimprinting process, which was further reduced to sub-10 nm pores via a post-NIL polymer reflow process. The low shrinkage rate of 2.7 nm/min obtained under the conditions used for the reflow process was the key to achieving sub-10 nm pores with a controllable pore size. The fabricated SU-8 nanopore membranes were successfully employed for transient current measurements during the translocation of DNA molecules through the nanopores.
Adaptive individual variation in phenological responses to perceived predation levels
Authors: Abbey-Lee Robin N. , Dingemanse Niels J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe adaptive evolution of timing of breeding (a component of phenology) in response to environmental change requires individual variation in phenotypic plasticity for selection to act upon. A major question is what processes generate this variation. Here we apply multi-year manipulations of perceived predation levels (PPL) in an avian predator-prey system, identifying phenotypic plasticity in phenology as a key component of alternative behavioral strategies with equal fitness payoffs. We show that under low-PPL, faster (versus slower) exploring birds breed late (versus early); the pattern is reversed under high-PPL, with breeding synchrony decreasing in conjunction. Timing of breeding affects reproductive success, yet behavioral types have equal fitness. The existence of alternative behavioral strategies thus explains variation in phenology and plasticity in reproductive behavior, which has implications for evolution in response to anthropogenic change.
Rbpj expression in regulatory T cells is critical for restraining TH2 responses
Authors: Delacher Michael , Schmidl Christian , Herzig Yonatan , Breloer Minka , Hartmann Wiebke , Brunk Fabian , Kägebein Danny , Träger Ulrike , Hofer Ann-Cathrin , Bittner Sebastian , Weichenhan Dieter , Imbusch Charles D. , Hotz-Wagenblatt Agnes , Hielscher Thomas , Breiling Achim , Federico Giuseppina , Gröne Hermann-Josef , Schmid Roland M. , Rehli Michael , Abramson Jakub , Feuerer Markus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe transcriptional regulator Rbpj is involved in T-helper (TH) subset polarization, but its function in Treg cells remains unclear. Here we show that Treg-specific Rbpj deletion leads to splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy despite increased numbers of Treg cells with a polyclonal TCR repertoire. A specific defect of Rbpj-deficient Treg cells in controlling TH2 polarization and B cell responses is observed, leading to the spontaneous formation of germinal centers and a TH2-associated immunoglobulin class switch. The observed phenotype is environment-dependent and can be induced by infection with parasitic nematodes. Rbpj-deficient Treg cells adopt open chromatin landscapes and gene expression profiles reminiscent of tissue-derived TH2-polarized Treg cells, with a prevailing signature of the transcription factor Gata-3. Taken together, our study suggests that Treg cells require Rbpj to specifically restrain TH2 responses, including their own excessive TH2-like differentiation potential.