bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel insights into the genetic diversity and clonal structure of natural trembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichx.) populations: A transcontinental study
Authors: Latutrie Mathieu , Tóth Endre Gy. , Bergeron Yves , Tremblay Francine 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimDistribution‐wide trends in climate variability significantly influence the genetic diversity, differentiation and population structure of tree species. This study investigates the effects of disturbances such as fire, fragmentation and climate on modern‐day genetic patterns and clonal structures of trembling aspen at the transcontinental scale.LocationNorth American boreal zone.TaxonTrembling aspen (Populus tremuloidesMichx.).MethodsOne thousand two hundred individuals in a 30‐site network (40 trees per location) were genotyped with neutral genetic markers and studied in relation to regional differences in climate and surrounding site conditions (aridity, fire cycle, fragmentation). Multiple linear regression models and variance analysis were used to test relationships between genetic indices, structural parameters and the surrounding site factors.ResultsOverall, a high percentage of single ramet clones (SRC) and clonal diversity was detected and assumed to be the consequence of multiple sexual reproduction events that took place at all sites, together with suckering, which shapes the clonal structure of populations. Neutral genetic diversity and clonal structure suggested no substantial differences among sites, which were categorized into climate moisture index (CMI) classes; aspen stands across Canada were highly similar from a genetic point of view. Allelic richness (AR) and the average number of alleles (Na) varied significantly among clonal organization groups, and landscape fragmentation and a higher frequency of fires showed a negative influence on the levels of genetic diversity.Main conclusionsOur results are inconsistent with the idea that the genotypic diversity of trembling aspen is related to the intensity of disturbance within the boreal forest. It appears that species‐specific disturbance responses and post‐fire recruitment mechanisms are more important than dominant ecological factors, such as climate and fire regimes, in shaping distribution‐wide patterns of neutral genetic variation and clonal structure.
Atopic dermatitis and the metabolic syndrome: a cross‐sectional study of 116 816 patients
Authors: Shalom G. , Dreiher J. , Kridin K. , Horev A. , Khoury R. , Battat E. , Freud T. , Comaneshter D. , Cohen A.D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundData regarding the association between atopic dermatitis (AD) and the metabolic syndrome are controversial.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in a large group of patients with AD compared to a matched reference group.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of AD patients diagnosed by a dermatologist between 1998 and 2016, and a matched comparison group was performed. We analysed the association between AD and metabolic syndrome, its components and possible complications for the entire study population, adults (age > 18) and adults with moderate‐to‐severe AD.ResultsThe study included 116 816 patients with AD and 116 812 comparison enrollees. AD in the entire group of patients and in the adult patients was associated with a higher prevalence of dyslipidaemia and a lower prevalence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Moderate and severe AD were associated, respectively, with higher prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome (17.0% vs. 9.4%), its components (obesity: 22.2% vs. 18.6%; diabetes: 15.9% vs. 9.2%; hypertension 27.9% vs. 15.3%; dyslipidaemia 47.1% vs. 28.5%, all P values < 0.001) and cardiovascular morbidity (all P values < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant overrepresentation of the metabolic syndrome in moderate‐to‐severe AD (P = 0.04).ConclusionsSeverely affected patients with AD may have one or more undiagnosed components of metabolic syndrome.
Characteristics and predictors of adult frequent emergency department users in the United States: A systematic literature review
Authors: Giannouchos Theodoros V. , Kum Hye‐Chung , Foster Margaret J. , Ohsfeldt Robert L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudy objectiveWe conducted a systematic literature review to identify and to update patient characteristics and contextual factors for adult frequent emergency department users (FEDUs) compared with non‐FEDU in an era where the US health care system underwent substantial changes.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE to identify all relevant articles after 2010 through July 2018 that describe FEDU. We included US studies on adult FEDU only and excluded studies on specific subgroups of FEDU. We included demographic, clinical, and health care utilization information, and two reviewers independently evaluated the studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool.ResultsThe 11 studies included in the review indicated that FEDU were 4% to 16% of total ED users but accounted for 14% to 47% of ED visits, with six to nine visits per year on average. The majority of FEDU were young or middle‐aged adults, females, of low socioeconomic status and high school or less education, with public insurance, multiple primary care provider visits, and chronic conditions. Fair or poor self‐perceived health status, unemployment, unmet needs from primary care providers (PCPs), mental health, and substance abuse were predictors of FEDU.ConclusionFEDUs are disproportionally sicker and are also heavy users of non‐ED health care service providers. The limited data for non‐ED health services use in facility‐specific studies of FEDU may contribute to findings in such studies that complex and unmet needs from PCPs contributed to ED visits. This suggests the need for more comprehensive data analysis beyond a few sites that can inform systemic management approaches.
Prader‐Willi syndrome: A model for understanding the ghrelin system
Authors: Tauber Maithé , Coupaye Muriel , Diene Gwenaelle , Molinas Catherine , Valette Marion , Beauloye Veronique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSubsequent to the discovery of ghrelin as the endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a, this unique gut peptide has been found to exert numerous physiological effects, such as appetite stimulation and lipid accumulation via the central regulating mechanisms in the hypothalamus, stimulation of gastric motility, regulation of glucose metabolism and brown fat thermogenesis, and modulation of stress, anxiety, taste sensation, reward‐seeking behaviour and the sleep/wake cycle. Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) has been described as a unique pathological state characterised by severe obesity and high circulating levels of ghrelin. It was hypothesised that hyperghrelinaemia would explain at least a part of the feeding behaviour and body composition of PWS patients, who are characterised by hyperphagia, an obsession with food and food‐seeking, and increased adiposity. Initially, the link between hyperghrelinaemia and growth hormone deficiency, which is observed in 90% of the children with PWS, was not fully understood. Over the years, however, the increasing knowledge on ghrelin, PWS features and the natural history of the disease has led to a more comprehensive description of the abnormal ghrelin system and its role in the pathophysiology of this rare and complex neurodevelopmental genetic disease. In the present study, we (a) present the current view of PWS; (b) explain its natural history, including recent data on the ghrelin system in PWS patients; and (c) discuss the therapeutic approach of modulating the ghrelin system in these patients and the first promising results.
Clinical and intra‐operative factors affecting the outcome of arthrocentesis in disc displacement without reduction: A retrospective study
Authors: Bas Burcu , Yuceer Ezgi , Kazan Dilara , Gurbanov Vugar , Kutuk Nukhet 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a group of disease which affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and supporting tissues of the musculoskeletal structures. Arthrocentesis is an effective treatment modality for TMD, especially in patients who suffer from pain and limited mouth opening.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pre‐operative and intra‐operative variables on the clinical outcome of arthrocentesis therapy.MethodsThe records of 83 patients diagnosed as disc displacement (DD) without reduction according to DC/TMD, and treated with arthrocentesis were selected. Sex, age, bruxism history, pain intensity and maximum mouth opening (MMO) were recorded as pre‐operative variables. Extravasation and the amount of irrigation were recorded as intra‐operative variables. The success of the arthrocentesis procedure was determined as MMO <35 mm and pain intensity lower than 3, at third‐month follow‐up.ResultsAt 3‐month follow‐up, clinical evaluation showed a significant reduction in TMJ pain and an increase in MMO (P < 0.05). It was found that patients with an unsuccessful outcome are those who had a more restricted MMO and severe pain before the procedure. Extravasation was found to be a significant factor that affects the success of the procedure.ConclusionThe success of arthrocentesis in TMJ DD without reduction is adversely affected by the severity of the pre‐operative clinical symptoms. Extravasation is also a factor that has a negative effect on the success of the procedure.
Assessment of the relationship between masticatory performance, occlusal contact area, chewing time and cycles, and gastric emptying scintigraphy in dentate subjects
Authors: Sumonsiri Pattra , Thongudomporn Udom , Paphangkorakit Jarin , Premprabha Teerapon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundGood mastication is thought to help digestion in the stomach, hence promoting the health of the gastrointestinal system. However, the correlation between masticatory and gastric function has been controversial. This is partly explained by different food types used to assess the performance of the two organs. Recently, frankfurter sausage has been proposed to be suitable for both masticatory performance and gastric emptying tests.ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between masticatory performance, occlusal contact area, chewing time and cycles, and gastric emptying scintigraphy parameters in healthy dentate adults.Materials and MethodsForty healthy subjects (15 men: 25 women, age 23.9 ± 3.8 years) underwent masticatory performance tests and gastric emptying scintigraphy using frankfurter sausage as a test food. Masticatory performance was calculated as the median particle size (MPS) of chewed frankfurter sausage cubes after 30 chewing cycles. Gastric emptying scintigraphy was performed using frankfurter sausage mixed with technetium‐99 m‐labelled microwaved egg meal. Cumulative occlusal areas of contact‐near contact (cACNC) were determined by silicone bite registration and image‐analysed. Chewing time and cycles before swallowing were also recorded.ResultsNo significant differences in MPS, cACNC, chewing time and cycles, or gastric emptying parameters were observed between gender. Bivariate correlation showed masticatory performance, occlusal contact area, chewing time and cycles were not correlated with gastric emptying parameters (P > 0.05).ConclusionUsing the same test food to assess the masticatory and gastric function in dentate subjects, the present study showed that masticatory performance, occlusal contacts, chewing time and cycles did not affect gastric emptying.
Factors explaining individual differences in taste sensitivity and taste modality recognition among Finnish adults
Authors: Puputti Sari , Aisala Heikki , Hoppu Ulla , Sandell Mari 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the factors affecting interindividual variation in the sense of taste among Finnish adults. Two components of taste function were examined with five established taste modalities: taste sensitivity and capability to identify taste modalities. The potential explanatory factors for taste function included gender, age, BMI, and smoking. In total, 205 volunteers participated in the study at the sensory evaluation laboratory of Functional Foods Forum. Older age (>50 years) and male gender predicted a less sensitive sense of taste in general. For umami sensitivity, high BMI along with older age predicted lower sensitivity. Additionally, taste recognition and sensitivity were related in bitter and umami tastes. Older age was also associated with a poorer capability in taste recognition. Sour–bitter, umami–salty, and salty–umami were the most frequent taste confusions.Practical applicationsThese results showed individual differences in taste perception among adult. This study can help to understand diversity in personal eating practices and food choices, which can be utilized in personal nutritional guidance and well‐being applications. We suggest that umami should be included in studies concerning taste function. There is high variation in umami perception and as umami may increase food palatability, it can be an important element in improving diet especially among elderly people. In sensory research, panelists' interindividual variation in taste perception can be wide and should be acknowledged by careful design of studies.
Gestures and Words in Naming: Evidence From Crosslinguistic and Crosscultural Comparison
Authors: Cattani Allegra , Floccia Caroline , Kidd Evan , Pettenati Paola , Onofrio Daniela , Volterra Virginia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe report on an analysis of spontaneous gesture production in 2‐year‐old children who come from three countries (Italy, United Kingdom, Australia) and who speak two languages (Italian, English), in an attempt to tease apart the influence of language and culture when comparing children from different cultural and linguistic environments. Eighty‐seven monolingual children aged 24–30 months completed an experimental task measuring their comprehension and production of nouns and predicates. The Italian children scored significantly higher than the other groups on all lexical measures. With regard to gestures, British children produced significantly fewer pointing and speech combinations compared to Italian and Australian children, who did not differ from each other. In contrast, Italian children produced significantly more representational gestures than the other two groups. We conclude that spoken language development is primarily influenced by the input language over gesture production, whereas the combination of cultural and language environments affects gesture production.
Effect of locally produced complementary foods on fat‐free mass, linear growth, and iron status among Kenyan infants: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Konyole Silvenus O. , Omollo Selina A. , Kinyuru John N. , Skau Jutta K.H. , Owuor Bethwell O. , Estambale Benson B. , Filteau Suzanne M. , Michaelsen Kim F. , Friis Henrik , Roos Nanna , Owino Victor O. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe impact of quality complementary food products on infant growth and body composition has not been adequately investigated. This study evaluated the effect on fat‐free mass (FFM) accrual, linear growth, and iron status of locally produced complementary food products comparing to a standard product. In a randomized, double‐blind trial, 499 infants at 6 months received nine monthly rations of (a) WinFood Classic (WFC) comprising germinated amaranth (71%), maize (10.4%), small fish (3%), and edible termites (10%); (b) WinFood Lite (WFL) comprising germinated amaranth (82.5%), maize (10.2%), and multimicronutrient premix; or (c) fortified corn–soy blend plus (CSB+). Primary outcomes were changes in FFM, length, and plasma ferritin and transferrin receptors (TfR). FFM was determined using deuterium dilution. Analysis was by intention to treat, based on available cases. Compared with CSB+, there were no differences in change from 6 to 15 months in FFM for WFC 0.0 kg (95% CI [−0.30, 0.29]) and WFL 0.03 kg (95% CI [−0.25, 0.32]) and length change for WFC −0.3 cm (95% CI [−0.9, 0.4]) and WFL −0.3 cm (95% CI [−0.9, 0.3]). TfR increased in WFC group 3.3 mg L−1 (95% CI [1.7, 4.9]) and WFL group 1.7 mg L−1 (95% CI [0.1, 3.4]) compared with CSB+. Compared with the increase in Hb in CSB+ group, there was a reduction in Hb in WFC of −0.9 g dl−1 (95% CI [−1.3, −0.5]) and a lower increase in WFL −0.4 g dl−1 (95% CI [−0.8, 0.0]). In conclusion, the tested WinFoods had the same effect on FFM and length as CSB+, whereas Hb and iron status decreased, suggesting inhibited iron bioavailability from the amaranth‐based WinFoods.
Concept‐metacognition
Authors: Shea Nicholas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConcepts are our tools for thinking. They enable us to engage in explicit reasoning about things in the world. Like physical tools, they can be more or less good, given the ways we use them—more or less dependable for categorisation, learning, induction, action‐planning, and so on. Do concept users appreciate, explicitly or implicitly, that concepts vary in dependability? Do they feel that some concepts are in some way defective? If so, we metacognise our concepts. This article offers a preliminary taxonomy of different forms of metacognition directed at concepts and suggests that concept‐metacognition impacts on several different cognitive processes.
Mediastinal Mucormycosis: Case report, review of literature and treatment with continuous liposomal amphotericin B irrigation
Authors: Cooper Joseph D. , Gotoff Robert A. , Foltzer Michael A. , Carter Russell A. , Walsh Thomas J. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMediastinal mucormycosis is an uncommon but lethal infection associated with an 83% mortality. We describe a case of fatal Rhizopus microsporus mediastinitis despite three exploratory mediastinal surgeries and complementary systemic and mediastinal irrigation with liposomal amphotericin B. We further review the literature on surgical and antifungal management of mediastinal mucormycosis.
Using Ockham’s razor to redefine “nursing science”
Authors: Grace Pamela J. , Zumstein‐Shaha Maya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConfusion remains about the concept “nursing science.” Definitions vary, depending on country, context and setting. Even among nurse scholars and scientists there is disagreement about the content and boundaries of nursing science. There is an urgent need for an acceptable definition that can guide nursing knowledge development, education, and practice. In this article, we highlight the problems for the profession of this sort of conceptual ambiguity, arguing that it is an ethical responsibility for the profession to gain clarity about the meaning and apt focus of our knowledge development initiatives. We parse out nursing and science as separate concepts and synthesize from this analysis a simple yet comprehensive definition of nursing science. We propose that this definition is capable of unifying ongoing nursing endeavors and should serve as the basis for evaluating nursing's knowledge development and educational initiatives.
Mineral disorders in pediatric pre‐emptive kidney transplantation
Authors: Hasegawa Kei , Motoyama Osamu , Shishido Seiichiro , Aikawa Atsushi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPre‐emptive kidney transplantation (PEKT) is beneficial for patients, improves graft survival and minimizes the complications associated with chronic kidney disease. Reports on pediatric PEKT, however, are limited, and little is known about the parathyroid hormone (PTH) abnormalities and calcium–phosphorus disorders (CPD) in this condition. This study was the first to report on mineral disorders in pediatric PEKT patients during a 1 year period.MethodsWe conducted a comparative examination of the abnormalities in calcium, phosphorus, calcium–phosphorus products and PTH before and 1 year after living donor kidney transplantation in PEKT and non‐PEKT patients.ResultsThirty‐one patients were included. The patients were divided into two groups: PEKT (n = 11; 5 months in CKD stage 4–5) and non‐PEKT (n = 20; 31.5 months in dialysis). Mean age at transplantation was 9.4 ± 5.0 years. Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were observed before and after transplantation in the PEKT and non‐PEKT groups, and >15% of patients in each group had bone disorder and ectopic calcification associated with mineral disorder. Mineral disorder was present for approximately 3 months after transplantation in both treatment groups.ConclusionsNo significant differences in PTH or CPD were noted between PEKT and non‐PEKT groups; moreover, normalization of abnormal values did not differ between the PEKT and non‐PEKT groups. Compared with non‐PEKT, PEKT did not improve the course of mineral metabolism disorders. Mineral and bone disorder treatment was likely insufficiently provided to pediatric PEKT patients. To obtain the maximum advantage of PEKT, calcium and phosphorus levels should be strictly controlled before kidney transplantation.
Do Politicians See Eye to Eye? The Relationship between Political Group Characteristics, Perceived Strategic Plan Quality, and Strategic Consensus in Local Governing Majorities
Authors: Meyfroodt Kenn , Desmidt Sebastian , Goeminne Stijn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough strategic consensus is a core concept in strategic management research, empirical evidence is lacking on (1) the degree of strategic consensus in public organizations, (2) how strategic consensus is impacted by group characteristics specific to public strategic decision‐making groups, and (3) how strategic plans impact these relationships. An analysis of multisource data from 1,075 governing majority members nested in 256 Flemish municipalities (Belgium) indicates that within‐group strategic consensus varies among governing majorities and is negatively impacted by political diversity and political power, but these relationships are mediated by perceived strategic plan quality. The results indicate that the idiosyncrasies of public decision‐making groups can impede high levels of strategic consensus, but strategic plans can attenuate this effect by fulfilling a boundary‐spanning role.