bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional outcome of middle third humeral shaft fractures treated with anteromedial plate osteosynthesis through an anterolateral approach
Authors: Kubsad Sandeep , B. Suresh , S. G. Bharath , Reddy Manohar , Pai Harish S. 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The main aim of treatment of the humeral shaft fractures is to establish union with an acceptable humeral alignment and to restore the patient to pre-injury level of function. Plate osteosynthesis remains the standard of surgical treatment displaced middle third humeral fractures. The most commonly used approaches for treating these fractures are posterior and anterolateral, but these approaches can have iatrogenic radial nerve injury. Our aim is to study the incidence of radial nerve palsy and functional outcome of anterolateral approach with anteromedial plating.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 26 patients in the age group of 21 to 62 years were included in this prospective study, who were treated by anteromedial plating through anterolateral approach for humerus shaft. Functional assessment was done using Rodriguez-Merchan criteria.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 26 patients with shaft humerus fracture were included in the study with 19 (73%) patients were less than 40 years age. Most common type of fracture pattern is A3 type and the mean duration of surgical time was 60±10 min for anteromedial plating. The time taken for the fracture union was less than 4 months in the most patients (88%). There was no evidence of iatrogenic radial nerve injury. Functional assessment done using Rodriguez-Merchan criteria showed 84.6% of the patients had good to excellent functional outcome.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> For treatment of displaced middle third humeral fractures open reduction with anteromedial plating through anterolateral approach is surgically safer and gives better functional outcome.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Comparison of intramedullary nailing versus proximal locking plating in the management of closed extra-articular proximal tibial fracture
Authors: Gupta Siddhartha , M. D. Rafeeq 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> To compare the outcomes of closed reduction and expert tibial nailing (ETN) versus minimally invasive proximal tibial plating in treating proximal extraarticular tibial fractures.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study included 30 cases of extraarticular proximal tibial shaft fractures. They were admitted to our department between March 2014 and June 2016 and treated respectively by closed reduction and ETN (group A, n=15) or minimally invasive proximal tibial plating (group B, n=15). To compare the therapeutic effects between two groups, the intraoperative condition, post-operative function, related complications and malalignment were investigated.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All the patients were successfully followed up till radiological union. The average union time for group A was 14.2 months and for group B was 16.7 months. 3 patients in group A developed delayed union and was treated with dynamization and ultimately lead to union whereas 1 patient developed non-union in group B. There were 3 cases of superficial infection in group B cured by antibiotics and repeated dressing change. Moreover, group A showed better result in terms of intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative weight bearing time and fracture union time. Functional scores as calculated by the knee rating scale of the hospital for special surgery, 12 (80%) had excellent results in group A compared to 10 (66.66%) in group B which was not statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Compared with plate and screw fixation, ETN fixation has the advantages of fewer complications, shorter operation time, being less invasive, earlier postoperative rehabilitation and weight bearing, quicker fracture union and better functional recovery, thus being an effective way to treat extra articular proximal tibial fractures.</p>
Retrospective analysis of burden of maternal syphilis and the outcome in the fetus in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Manimegalai M. , Elangovan P. , Kayalvizhi V.A. , Rangapriya D. Mithra 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Syphilis in pregnancy has its own significance with regards to the outcome of pregnancy. In the meanwhile, it also reflects the effectiveness of health system in the community.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care centre in Chennai between January 2014 and July 2015 to determine the seroprevalence of syphilis in pregnant women. A total of 4423 ANC mother attending the hospital were included in the study.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of the 4423 cases studied, 7 cases were found to be positive for RPR accounting to the prevalence of 0.15%. One mother was symptomatic, presenting with condyloma lata. TPHA was positive in 2 cases (28.5%) Most common association was with HIV infection, 2/7 (28.5%). All the RPR positive patients were treated with tablet erythromycin 500 mg qid × 14 days. Epidose for the partner was given. The outcome was uneventful except for one. A single case of congenital syphilis was reported.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Though the prevalence of RPR positive in routine screening is less, the outcome of single congenital syphilis is worrisome. To conclude, although the prevalence of syphilis (0.1%) is low, routine screening of asymptomatic ante natal women is recommended to reduce the incidence of congenital syphilis &amp; perinatal complications and it is always better to treat the ANC mothers with syphilis with Penicillin, preferably with a second dose also.</p>
Cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disorders
Authors: K. Kirthi Sampath , S. Haritha , B. Mahesh 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> It is a well-known fact that the skin is referred to as a window or mirror to the body. The present study was undertaken to know the spectrum of cutaneous manifestations in endocrinological disorders.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 500 patients with endocrinological disorders attending the Medical and Dermatology OPD at Dr. PSIMS&amp;RF were studied. Among the 500 cases studied, 417 patients had diabetes, 81 cases had thyroid disorder and 2 patients had Addison’s disease.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Most common dermatoses observed in patients with diabetes mellitus were infections {(fungal 25.3%), bacterial (6.92%), viral (5.42%)} followed by eczemas (13.2%), psoriasis (8.13%). Among 81 patients with thyroid disease, 78 patients were hypothyroid and 3 patients had hyperthyroidism and skin manifestations were observed in 55 (67%) of the patients with thyroid disorders. Most common dermatoses observed in patients with hypothyroidism were fungal infections (23.07%), urticaria (19.23%), xerosis (13.46%), bacterial infections (13.46%), psoriasis (11.53%). All 3 hyperthyroid patients have shown skin manifestations. 2 patients had diffuse hair loss and 1 patient had vitiligo. 2 cases of Addison’s disease were observed and both of them showed diffuse hyperpigmentation with accentuation over palmar creases, knuckles and gums.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The present study shows the wide range of skin lesions in patients with endocrinological disorders paerticularly diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease. Through knowledge of the associated skin lesions helps in early diagnosis of underlying endocrine abnormality and thereby appropriate treatment provided at the earliest helps in preventing complications. </p>
Student Perceptions of Academic Dishonesty in a Private Middle Eastern University
Authors: Ahmed Khawlah 
Published: April 2018

Objective: In varying degrees of severity and seriousness, evidence of academic dishonesty exists in tertiary institutions around the world. This paper examines academic misconduct in a tertiary-level institution in one of the Gulf countries to see if academic dishonesty prevails, and if so, how and why it happens.
Method: To gauge students’ perceptions about academic dishonesty in this context, a survey was distributed to 111 junior, sophomore, and senior level students taking an advanced academic writing course in a private university.
Results: Results show statistically significant evidence that cheating exists.
Conclusions: While research on academic misconduct is extensive in Western contexts, less is documented in the Middle East and North Africa region besides conceptual papers that aim to create a general understanding of this issue and newspaper articles that discuss its prevalence.
Implications for Theory and/or Practice: This paper underscores the existence of academic misconduct in the Middle East and North Africa region, identifying the need for further research and implementation of improved teaching strategies and increased attention regarding academic misconduct.
Consumer water quality evaluation of private and public drinking water sources
Authors: Gholson Drew M. , Boellstorff Diane E. , Cummings Scott R. , Wagner Kevin L. , Dozier Monty C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Private water wells have no requirements to be tested or monitored to ensure safe drinking water quality, and yet those receiving their primary drinking water from private supplies are more frequently confident that their tap drinking water is safe. Using data from surveys administered in 2008 and 2014, this study assesses public attitudes and perceptions regarding drinking water. This study examines the results of a random sample survey of Texans to evaluate citizen awareness and attitudes on water issues. Most respondents reported that they believe their drinking water is of high quality, with 81.4% responding that they believe their tap water is safe to drink. An even larger number, 92.1%, of those receiving their water from private sources believe their tap water is safe. Conversely, only 57.0% of respondents who consume bottled water as their primary source of drinking water believe their tap water is safe to drink. Additionally, more than 65% of Texans receiving their primary drinking water from private supplies (usually their private water well) have never had their water supply tested. A large majority (81.3%) of those primarily receiving their drinking water from private supplies believed groundwater in their area to be of good or excellent quality.
The derivation of water quality criteria for bisphenol A for the protection of marine species in China
Authors: Guan Bo , Guo Lei , Gibson Mark , Li Zhengyan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental estrogen that occurs widely in the aquatic environment and causes feminization to various species, including fishes and gastropods. This study aims to develop the water quality criteria for BPA in the marine environment using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) methodology from a scientific basis. Both acute and chronic toxicity data tested with saltwater species resident to China were collected. Additional tests were conducted to supplement toxicity data with local saltwater biota, including mollusk (Ruditapes philippinarum) and fish species (Scophthalmus maximus and Pagrosomus major). Based on SSD modelling, the criterion maximum concentration of BPA was estimated to be 273 μg/L. The criterion continuous concentration (CCC) for reproductive and non-reproductive effects was calculated to be 0.46 μg/L and 4.90 μg/L, respectively. Based on the derived criteria, the acute risk of BPA in coastal waters of China was determined to be negligible with RQs (risk quotients) of &lt;0.01. The chronic risk was however much higher with RQs of up to 0.4 and 4.3 based on non-reproductive and reproductive CCC, respectively. The ecological risk assessment for BPA based on reproductive CCC can, therefore, better protect the safety of marine species.
Assessment of Auditory Pathways Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Meydan Sedat , Aydin Sinem , Otcu Hafize , Kitis Serkan , Alkan Alpay 
Published: April 2018

Aim:
The aim of our study was to determine whether the diffusion properties of the
auditory pathways alter between patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and the healthy subjects.
DTI can well demonstrate FA and ADC changes in auditory tracts and it may be a guide to
identify the candidates for hearing loss among NF1 children.

Methods:
The study population consisted of 43 patients with NF1 and 21 healthy controls. Diffusion
tensor imaging (DTI) was used to measure apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional
anisotropy (FA) values from lemniscus lateralis, colliculus inferior, corpus geniculatum mediale
and Heschl's gyrus. The results were compared with those of the control group.

Results:
The ADC values of lateral lemniscus, colliculus inferior and corpus geniculatum mediale
were significantly higher in NF1 compared to those of the control group. On the other hand, decreased
FA values were observed in lateral lemniscus and colliculus inferior in patients with NF1.

Conclusion:
The increase in ADC and reduction in FA in the auditory pathways of patients with
NF1 may suggest microstructural alterations, such as a decrease in the number of axons, edema or
inflammation in the auditory tracts.
Nodule Size Effect on Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasonography and Computed Tomography for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: LI Jia-wei , Chang Cai , Chen Jia-ying , Shi Zhao-ting , Chen Min 
Published: April 2018

Background:
To compare the abilities of ultrasonography (US) and Computed Tomography
(CT) to identify calcifications and to predict probability of malignancy for Papillary Thyroid
Carcinoma (PTC) and Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma (PTMC).

Methods:
We reviewed 1008 cases of PTC/PTMC with calcifications reported by pre-operative
US, CT, or post-operative pathology. The size of the thyroid nodule was obtained from the US report
and the maximum diameter (d) was documented. According to the nodule size (d), the PTC
and PTMC groups were each divided into two subgroups, as follows: large PTC group (d ≥ 2 cm),
small PTC group (1 cm < d < 2 cm), large PTMC group (0.6 cm ≤ d ≤ 1 cm), and small PTMC
group (d < 0.6 cm).

Results:
In the 1008 patients, the ratio of females to males was 2.29 and the mean age was 40.9
years (standard deviation: 11.7 years). Of the 1008 records, 92.8% were found to have calcifications
according to the US report, while 50.4% showed calcifications according to the CT report.
This difference between US and CT reports was statistically significant (p < 0.0005). The percentages
of US reports showing calcifications were similar for all four PTC and PTMC subgroups
(93.7%, 94.3%, 92.1%, and 85.1%, respectively; p = 0.052), while the percentages of CT reports
showing calcifications were significantly different among the PTC and PTMC subgroups (62.3%,
52.2%, 45.4%, and 31.3%, respectively; p < 0.0005). As for the prediction of malignancy, US was
superior to CT in all four subgroups (large PTC group: 97.1% vs. 54.1%, small PTC group: 94.8%
vs. 42.9%, large PTMC group: 97.2% vs. 32.0%, small PTMC group: 95.5% vs. 14.9%; p < 0.0005
for all pairwise comparisons). No significant difference was observed in terms of the ability of US
to predict the malignancy of PTC versus PTMC (p = 0.31), while CT showed significant superiority
in diagnosing PTC versus PTMC (p < 0.0005). The predictive value of CT for PTC declined as
the nodule size decreased (p < 0.05 for all pairwise comparisons).

Conclusion:
Our results showed that US detected calcifications and predicted the malignancy of all
nodule sizes of thyroid papillary carcinoma equally well, while the performance of CT declined
with the reduction of nodule size.
Structural, Morphological and Raman Studies of CdS/CdSe Sensitized TiO2 Nanocrystalline Thin Films for Quantum Dot Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Bousiakou Leda G. , Ivanda Mile , Mikac Lara , Raptis Dimitris , Gotic Marijan , Lianos Panagiotis , Jurschat Kerstin , Johnston Colin 
Published: April 2018

Background:
It is well known that quantum dot-sensitized solar cells based on nanostructured
semiconductor films are considered as a promising alternative to silicon-based solar cells. The
aim of this paper is to investigate the structural and morphological properties of CdS/CdSe quantum
dot sensitized photoanodes based on nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films considering their performance
can reach an efficiency of 2.7%.

Methods:
TiO2 thin films were prepared on fluorine tin oxide (FTO) glass via the chemical route
using commercial Degussa 25 and crystallized at 550°C. Furthermore, a layer of CdS and CdSe
nanoparticles was deposited on the titania film by a sequence of successive ionic layer adsorption
and reaction (SILAR) and chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods. After preparation, samples were
analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)
and Raman spectroscopy for their structural properties and composition. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate their surface morphology, while energy dispersive X-ray
spectrometry (EDS) was used to analyze the sample stoichiometry.

Results:
The structural properties and morphology of quantum dot sensitized photoanodes revealed
that the titania thin films were highly crystalline belonging predominantly in the tetragonalanatase
structure, while the CdS/CdS quantum dots were in the cubic phase. Furthermore, scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) along with energy dispersive X-Ray mapping EDS showed little contamination.

Conclusions:
Combined analysis suggests that our preparation route leads to highly crystalline,
stoichiometric photoanodes. This plays an important role in the performance of the quantum dot
sensitized solar cells.
Worker Preferences for a Mental Health App Within Male-Dominated Industries: Participatory Study
Authors: Peters Dorian , Deady Mark , Glozier Nick , Harvey Samuel , Calvo Rafael A 
Published: April 2018

Background
Men are less likely to seek help for mental health problems, possibly because of stigma imposed by cultural masculine norms. These tendencies may be amplified within male-dominated workplaces such as the emergency services or transport industries. Mobile apps present a promising way to provide access to mental health support. However, little is known about the kinds of mental health technologies men would be willing to engage with, and no app can be effective if the intended users do not engage with it.

Objective
The goal of this participatory user research study was to explore the perceptions, preferences, and ideas of workers in male-dominated workplaces to define requirements for a mental health app that would be engaging and effective at improving psychological well-being.

Methods
Workers from male-dominated workplaces in rural, suburban, and urban locations took part in an exploratory qualitative study involving participatory workshops designed to elicit their perspectives and preferences for mental health support and the design of an app for mental health. Participants generated a number of artifacts (including draft screen designs and promotional material) designed to reify their perceptions, tacit knowledge, and ideas.

Results
A total of 60 workers aged between 26 and 65 years, 92% (55/60) male, from male-dominated workplaces in rural (16/60, 27%), suburban (14/60, 23%), and urban (30/60, 50%) locations participated in one of the 6 workshops, resulting in 49 unique feature ideas and 81 participant-generated artifacts. Thematic analysis resulted in a set of feature, language, and style preferences, as well as characteristics considered important by participants for a mental health app. The term “mental health” was highly stigmatized and disliked by participants. Tools including a mood tracker, self-assessment, and mood-fix tool were highly valued, and app characteristics such as brevity of interactions, minimal on-screen text, and a solutions-oriented approach were considered essential by participants. Some implementation strategies based on these findings are included in the discussion.

Conclusions
Future mental health mobile phone apps targeting workers in male-dominated workplaces need to consider language use and preferred features, as well as balance the preferences of users with the demands of evidence-based intervention. In addition to informing the development of mental health apps for workers in male-dominated industries, these findings may also provide insights for mental health technologies, for men in general, and for others in high-stigma environments.
Cost–effectiveness of long-acting injectable aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg in bipolar I disorder in the USA
Authors: Augusto Margarida , Greene Mallik , Touya Maëlys , Sweeney Samantha Min , Waters Heidi 
Published: April 2018

Aim:To evaluate the cost–effectiveness of aripiprazole once-monthly 400/300 mg (AOM 400) in maintenance monotherapy treatment of bipolar I disorder (BP-I).Methods:Ade novolifetime Markov model was developed for BP-I using available data for AOM 400 and relevant comparators. Base-case analysis considered costs and outcomes from the US payer perspective.Results:The cost per quality-adjusted life year gained with AOM 400 versus comparators ranged from US$2007 versus oral asenapine to dominance (i.e., lower cost with quality-adjusted life gain) versus long-acting injectable risperidone, paliperidone palmitate, oral cariprazine and best supportive care. Patients treated with AOM 400 were estimated to have fewer mood episodes and hospitalizations per patient (5.37) than comparators (6.33, asenapine or cariprazine; 6.54, risperidone long-acting injectable; 7.64, paliperidone palmitate; and 8.93, best supportive care). Sensitivity analyses showed results were robust to parameter uncertainty.Conclusion:AOM 400 may be considered cost effective in the maintenance monotherapy treatment of BP-I in adults.
Meke Krater Gölü’nden (Konya/Türkiye) İzole Edilen Dunaliella tertiolecta Mikroalginin Nötral Lipid İçeriğine pH Değişimlerinin Etkisi
Authors: ELİBOL ÇAKMAK Zeynep 
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmada, halofil bir yeşil mikroalg
olan Dunaliella tertiolecta’nın
büyüme ortamındaki pH değişikliğinin biyodizel hammaddesi olarak kullanılan
triaçilgliserol üretimi ve ilgili parametrelerde meydana gelen değişimi üzerine
etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Mikroalgler Johnson’s besin ortamında farklı
pH’larda (pH=4, 6, 8, 10) 25 gün boyunca uygun şartlarda kültüre alınmış ve
büyümeleri takip edilmiş, triaçilgliserol üretimleri ve ilgili parametreler analiz
edilmiştir. Mikroalglerin büyüme ortamının başlangıç pH’sındaki düşüşle doğru
orantılı olarak büyüme hızı, toplam klorofil ve karotenoid miktarlarında artış,
net oksijen üretim ve tüketim hızında önemli bir değişim belirlenmezken nötral
lipid ve triaçilgliserol üretiminde de artma olmuştur. Diğer taraftan ortam
pH’sı 10 olarak ayarlandığında ise mikroalglerin çoğalma hızında önemli bir
değişim belirlenmezken, toplam klorofil
ve karotenoid miktarlarında düşüş, net oksijen üretim ve tüketim hızlarında
azalma olmuş, nötral lipid ve triaçilgliserol üretiminde dikkate değer bir
değişim gözlenmemiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar D.tertiolecta’dan biyodizel hammaddesi üretimi için ortam pH’sını düşürmenin
etkili bir sonuç alınabilecek pratik bir yöntem olduğunu göstermiştir.