bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High precision control in PTP trajectory planning for nonlinear systems using on high‐degree polynomial and cuckoo search
Authors: Wu Huifeng , Sun Danfeng 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this paper, in order to fulfill requirements for high precision control, high‐degree polynomial and cuckoo search algorithms are used in point‐to‐point (PTP) trajectory planning for nonlinear systems. The high‐degree polynomial describes the PTP trajectory and the cuckoo search is applied to obtain the coefficients of the high‐degree polynomial with constraints. This method is verified in the hydraulic toggle mechanism. Hamilton's principle and a Lagrange multiplier help establish the dynamic and kinematic equations in the hydraulic toggle mechanism. Position accuracy and the convergence effect of different degrees of polynomials are then compared through experiment. Specifically, this paper discusses the error of the 8‐degree polynomial trajectory between the optimization and practical values and the repeated accuracy of the optimization trajectory, which verify the method's high precision control in regard to the PTP trajectory planning for nonlinear system proposed in this paper. This method could be used in any type of PTP trajectory planning for nonlinear system.
Sun exposure among teenage and young adult cancer survivors in the United Kingdom
Authors: Pugh Gemma , Hough Rachael , Hubbard Gill , Banks Elspeth , Fisher Abigail 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSkin cancers are a common form of second malignant neoplasm among teenage and young adult cancer survivors (TYACS). The Children's Oncology Group specifies that TYACS should adhere to safe sun practices and be screened for skin cancer annually. Cross‐sectional self‐report data collected by our group indicate over a third of TYACS (n = 229; mean age: 19.8 years) intentionally sunbathe, with many reporting sunburn. TYACS sunbathing, sunburn, and sunbed use are similar to the general population (P > 0.05). These data suggest TYACS require intervention to limit sun exposure and improve their sun safety habits.
The Cone Evasion Walk test: Reliability and validity in acute stroke
Authors: Sjöholm Hanna , Hägg Staffan , Nyberg Lars , Rolander Bo , Kammerlind Ann‐Sofi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the reliability and validity of the Cone Evasion Walk test (CEW), a new test assessing the ability to evade obstacles, in people with acute stroke.MethodsTo estimate the reliability of the CEW, video recordings of 20 people with acute stroke performing the test were assessed by 10 physiotherapists on two occasions, resulting in a total of 400 ratings. Patients performed the CEW (n = 221), functional ambulation classification (FAC; n = 204), Timed Up and Go (TUG; n = 173), TUG cognitive (TUG‐cog; n = 139), Serial 7s attention task from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA‐S7; n = 127), and the Star Cancellation Test (SCT; n = 151). These tests and side of lesion (n = 143) were used to examine construct validity. The predictive validity was evaluated in relation to falls during the following 6 months (n = 203).ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficients for intrarater and interrater reliability were 0.88–0.98. For validity, there were significant correlations between the CEW and FAC (rs = −0.67), TUG (rs = 0.45), MoCA‐S7 (rs = −0.36), and SCT total score (rs = −0.36). There was a significant correlation between the number of cones touched on the left side and the proportion of cancelled stars on the left (rs = −0.23) and right (rs = 0.23) side in the SCT. Among right hemisphere stroke participants (n = 79), significantly more persons hit cones on the left side (n = 25) than the right side (n = 8), whereas among those with a left hemisphere stroke (n = 64) significantly more persons hit cones on the right side (n = 11) than the left (n = 3). Cox regression showed that participants who touched four to eight cones had an increased risk of falls over time (hazard ratio 2.11, 95% CI [1.07, 4.17]) compared with those who touched none.ConclusionThe new CEW test was reliable and valid in assessing the ability to evade obstacles while walking and to predict falls in patients with acute stroke.
Does muscle energy technique have an immediate benefit for women with pregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain?
Authors: Ceprnja Dragana , Gupta Amitabh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivePregnancy‐related pelvic girdle pain (PPGP) is a common and debilitating condition. Muscle energy techniques (METs) are used in the management of PPGP. This study aimed to determine the immediate effectiveness of a MET in the management of pain in women with PPGP within a single session of physiotherapy.MethodsThis study was a randomized, crossover, sham‐controlled trial. Women (N = 80), M (SD), 30 (5) years of age and 29 (5) weeks of gestation with PPGP were included in the study. All participants were treated with a MET and sham transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in a randomized order, followed by standard physiotherapy during a single physiotherapy session. The primary outcome measures were the self‐report of pain using a visual analogue scale and function using the Timed Up and Go. The secondary outcome was the duration of single leg stance (SLS). Clinical measures were taken prior to the first intervention and immediately following each of the interventions, a total of four times.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between scores for the visual analogue scale, Timed Up and Go, or duration of SLS between participants following the use of a MET, sham transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, or standard care, which was recorded after each intervention (p ≥ 0.72). There was a consistent and statistically significant (p value, mean difference) improvement in pain (p < 0.001, 2.6), function (p < 0.001, 1.0 s), and left SLS (p < 0.001, 4.4 s) and right SLS (p < 0.001, 4.7 s) from baseline compared with each time of measurement thereafter.ConclusionsThe improvements measured may have been due to a placebo effect with the knowledge that care is being provided, mechanical unloading during the session, or familiarization with the test procedures. The mechanism(s) that led to improvements in pain and function remain unknown, however, does not preclude from women with PPGP being offered physiotherapy care.
Gain‐scheduled continuous‐time control using polytope‐bounded inexact scheduling parameters
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Arash 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of gain‐scheduled output feedback control design for continuous‐time linear parameter varying systems. The scheduling parameters are supposed to be measured in real time with absolute uncertainties and proportional uncertainties, simultaneously. Using a nonlinear transformation, the problem is formulated in terms of solutions to a set of parameter‐dependent linear matrix inequalities, exploiting parameter searches for two scalar values. H∞‐type problem is treated using parameter‐dependent Lyapunov and auxiliary matrices. One of the advantages of the presented method lies in its less conservatism in comparison with the available approaches. Some numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed method.
Review of mission planning for autonomous marine vehicle fleets
Authors: Thompson Fletcher , Guihen Damien 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe deployment of a fleet of autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs) allows for the parallelisation of missions, intervehicle support for longer deployment times, adaptability and redundancy to in situ mission changes, and effective use of the right vehicle for the right purpose. End users and operators of AMVs face challenges in planning complex missions due to the limitations of their vehicles, dynamic, operationally constrictive, and unstructured environments, and in minimising risks to equipment, the mission, and personnel. Automated mission planning for AMV fleets can be a tool to reduce the complexity of programming vehicle tasking, and to perform validity assessments for end user‐specified goals, allowing the operator to focus on risk assessment. We present a critical review of the current advances in automated planning for AMV fleets, investigating the limitations of available state‐of‐the‐art tools and providing a road map of the goals and challenges based on analysis of field reports and end user initiatives.
Surface chemical states of gold nanoparticles prepared using the solution‐plasma method in a CsCl aqueous solution
Authors: Tsukada Chie , Yoshida Hikaru , Ogawa Satoshi , Yoshigoe Akitaka , Yagi Shinya , Yaita Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2018

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) prepared in a 5 mM CsCl aqueous solution using the solution‐plasma method are characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation (SR‐XPS). The particle diameter is measured over the process time via TEM. During the solution‐plasma process, small particles of 2.1 to 2.2‐nm diameter are generated in the CsCl aqueous solution; these particles then enlarge via Ostwald ripening over time until they reach an equilibrium size of ~13 nm after 36 days. In addition, the surface chemical states of the AuNPs are characterized at different depths via SR‐XPS. The SR‐XPS measurements obtained using incident X‐ray energy (hν) of 945.0 eV revealed that Cs─Au, Cl─Au, and Cs─Cl─Au bonds are present 1.2 nm below the surface. The measurements obtained at an incident X‐ray energy of 2515.0 eV showed that Cs─Cl─Au bonding is also present 2.5 nm below the surface, indicating that Cs and Cl strongly interact with Au. The TEM and SR‐XPS measurements revealed that 2 processes occur cyclically during the growth process via Ostwald ripening: (i) the Cs and Cl in the aqueous solution adsorb on the AuNP surface and (ii) Au atoms subsequently bond to the AuNPs surface.
Investigation of one‐stage meta‐analysis methods for joint longitudinal and time‐to‐event data through simulation and real data application
Authors: Sudell Maria , Kolamunnage‐Dona Ruwanthi , Gueyffier François , Tudur Smith Catrin 
Published: September 2018

Background:Joint modeling of longitudinal and time‐to‐event data is often advantageous over separate longitudinal or time‐to‐event analyses as it can account for study dropout, error in longitudinally measured covariates, and correlation between longitudinal and time‐to‐event outcomes. The current literature on joint modeling focuses mainly on the analysis of single studies with a lack of methods available for the meta‐analysis of joint data from multiple studies.Methods:We investigate a variety of one‐stage methods for the meta‐analysis of joint longitudinal and time‐to‐event outcome data. These methods are applied to the INDANA dataset to investigate longitudinally measured systolic blood pressure, with each of time to death, time to myocardial infarction, and time to stroke. Results are compared to separate longitudinal or time‐to‐event meta‐analyses. A simulation study is conducted to contrast separate versus joint analyses over a range of scenarios.Results:The performance of the examined one‐stage joint meta‐analytic models varied. Models that accounted for between study heterogeneity performed better than models that ignored it. Of the examined methods to account for between study heterogeneity, under the examined association structure, fixed effect approaches appeared preferable, whereas methods involving a baseline hazard stratified by study were least time intensive.Conclusions:One‐stage joint meta‐analytic models that accounted for between study heterogeneity using a mix of fixed effects or a stratified baseline hazard were reliable; however, models examined that included study level random effects in the association structure were less reliable.
Development of an Ionic Liquid Based Method for the Preparation of Albumin Nanoparticles
Authors: Demirkurt Begüm , Akdogan Yasar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlbumin based nanocarriers have been widely used in drug delivery studies. Here, we developed a water‐in‐ionic liquid (IL) emulsion‐like method to prepare bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles as alternative to the traditional organic solvents containing techniques. Conformational changes of albumin induced by the imidazolium based ILs at the water‐IL interface triggers the BSA nanoparticle formation. The albumin nanoparticle formation are dependent on the experimental parameters and the hydophobicity of the IL. At pH 9.0, using 1.3%wt of BSA in water/1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BmimBF4) (50/50 mol%) and TX‐100/butanol surfactant mixture yields uniformly distributed 200 nm average sized BSA nanoparticles. Different than BmimBF4, using a more hydrophilic IL, EmimBF4 yielded albumin aggregates. Instead, using a more hydrophobic IL, HmimBF4 produced albumin nanoparticles but a non‐uniform size distribution was obtained. These results indicate that the ionic liquids called green and designer solvents can be also used to synthesize albumin nanoparticles.
Amberlyst‐15 as a Green and Efficient Reusable Catalyst for Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Activated Arenes with N‐Sulfonyl Aldimines and Synthesis of Bis‐triarylmethanes
Authors: Thirupathi Ponnaboina , Venkatagiri Noole , Reddy Chepyala Krishna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAmberlyst‐15 has been found to be an efficient and an inexpensive acidic heterogeneous catalyst for Friedel–Crafts alkylation of an activated arenes and N‐sulfonyl aldimines at room temperature. A Friedel‐Crafts alkylation products further undergoes alkylation with another mole of activated arenes to afford bis‐triarylmethanes in single transformation. Non‐toxicity and high stability of catalyst, broad applicability to various substrates with good to high yields and a simple operational procedure are the major advantages of the present method. The catalyst can be easily recycled by simple filtration and reused consecutively four times times without significant loss of activity.
Synthesis, Transformation Mechanism and Photocatalytic Properties of Various Morphologies Anatase TiO2 Nanocrystals Derived From Tetratitanate Nanobelts
Authors: Liu Leng , Du Yi‐en , Niu Xianjun , Li Wanxi , Li Jun , Yang Xiaojing , Feng Qi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRod‐like, rhombic, octahedral bipyramid‐shaped, cuboid, and spindle‐like anatase TiO2 nanocrystals samples with part of {101}, {001} and {010} facets exposure were synthesized through a straightforward solvothermal treatment of layered tetratitanate nanobelt colloidal solution precursor. The shape and structural evolutionmechanism of the as‐synthesized anatase TiO2 nanocrystals from the layered tetratitanate nanobelts were investigated by using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The transformation from the layered tetratitanate nanobelts into the various morphologies anatase TiO2 nanocrystals may experience two stages during the solvothermal process including an in situ topotactic dehydration reaction of the layered tetratitanate nanobelts, and a dissolution‐recrystallization reaction of the nanobelts anatase TiO2 crystals along the different planes. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of the various morphologies anatase TiO2 nanocrystals was also investigated and discussed, and compared to the benchmark P25 TiO2 nanocrystals. The results revealed that the {010}‐faceted spindle‐like anatase TiO2 nanocrystals exhibited the most superior photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue.
Metal Dependent Formation of Imidazolidine or Hemiaminal Ether Complexes from Multicomponent One‐pot Reactions
Authors: Chahal Manoj , Mani Kalaikodikumaran , Lodhi Chetan Singh , Butcher Ray J. , Raje Sakthi , Angamuthu Raja 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImidazolidinylpyridines, a new type of strictly face‐capping tridentate ligands, are reported as cheap and easily synthesizable alternates to well‐known crown and scorpionate ligands that are costly and cumbersome to be synthesized. The reported imidazolidinylpyridines have been made from the equimolar multicomponent mixture of N1,N2‐bis(substituted)ethane‐1,2‐diamine, pyridine‐2‐carboxaldehyde and MCl2, where M is Ni, Cu or Cd. The metal dependent formation of complexes of the expected imidazolidinylpyridine while using cadmium(II) ion and unexpected hemiaminal ethers when Ni(II)/Cu(II) was used are portrayed with the support of complete characterization including NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and solid‐state structures.
Evaluating the suitability of state‐based formal methods for industrial deployment
Authors: Mashkoor Atif , Kossak Felix , Egyed Alexander 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAfter a number of success stories in safety‐critical domains, we are starting to witness applications of formal methods in contemporary systems and software engineering. However, one thing that is still missing is the evaluation criteria that help software practitioners choose the right formal method for the problem at hand. In this paper, we present the criteria for evaluating and comparing different formal methods. The criteria were chosen through a literature review, discussions with experts from academia and practitioners from industry, and decade‐long personal experience with the application of formal methods in industrial and academic projects. The criteria were then evaluated on several model‐oriented state‐based formal methods. Our research shows that besides technical grounds (eg, modeling capabilities and supported development phases), formal methods should also be evaluated from social and industrial perspectives. We also found out that it is not possible to generate a matrix that renders the selection of the right formal method an automatic process. However, we can generate several pointers, which make this selection process a lot less cumbersome.
Simultaneous quantification of 14 amino acids from five plants by validated reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Fayaz Mufida , Dar Alamgir A. , Bhat Musadiq Hussain , Kumar Amit , Jain Ashok Kumar 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMadhuca longifolia, Cassia tora, Cocculus hirsutus, Celosea argentea and Alternanthera sessilis plants were scrutinized to determine the amino acid content by a validated method. Herein we report a novel, accurate and cost‐effective reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination and quantification of 14 amino acids. The developed method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. All calibration curves showed a good linear relationship (r > 0.9928) within test range. Precision was assessed by intra‐ and inter‐day tests with relative standard deviations less than 2%. Recovery of 98.38–99.60% with relative standard deviations <1.00% was observed. On quantification, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, methionine, glycine, leucine, valine and threonine were present in major quantity from different parts of selected plants which is advantageous as they control most of the physiological activities of the body. The proposed method can be used for the simultaneous estimation of 14 amino acids in one run and can be extended for amino acid‐based standardization of herbal formulations containing these plants and its use in pharmaceutical industries.
Encouragements for the Use of Microwaves in Industrial Chemistry
Authors: Nagahata Ritsuko , Takeuchi Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicrowave travels at the speed of light, and transfers energy solely to materials. This holds great promise for energy conservation in industrial processes. However, due to differences with common heating principles, and misunderstanding of the correct way to handle them, the effectiveness of microwaves has been underestimated, and development of technologies using microwaves often stops due to this. This paper has focused on the use of microwave heating for organic/polymer synthesis, specifically for a highly effective condensation reaction and for use with ionic reactants. In addition to covering the process of ascertaining which reactions are suitable for the application of microwave heating, and introducing studies on scaling these up, this paper covers points of caution, especially those relating to the all‐important measurement/control of temperature. Based on their accumulation of expertise in the area, the authors present the design for equipment/plants for industrial use and introduce their research into the practical application of such technology.
Higgs boson pair production in non-linear Effective Field Theory with full mt-dependence at NLO QCD
Authors: Buchalla G. , Capozi M. , Celis A. , Heinrich G. , Scyboz L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present a calculation of the NLO QCD corrections to Higgs boson pair production within the framework of a non-linearly realised Effective Field Theory in the Higgs sector, described by the electroweak chiral Lagrangian. We analyse how the NLO corrections affect distributions in the Higgs boson pair invariant mass and the transverse momentum of one of the Higgs bosons. We find that these corrections lead to significant and non-homogeneous K-factors in certain regions of the parameter space. We also provide an analytical parametrisation for the total cross-section and themhhdistribution as a function of the anomalous Higgs couplings that includes NLO corrections. Such a parametrisation can be useful for phenomenological studies.
Normal forms of linear second order partial differential equations on the plane
Authors: Davydov Alexey 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the theory of normal forms of main symbols for linear second order partial differential equations on the plane. We discuss the results obtained in the last decades and some problems, which are important both for the development of this theory and the applications. The reduction theorem, which was used to obtain many of recent results in the theory, is included in the paper in the parametric form together with proof. There is a feeling that the theorem still has potential to get progress in the solution of open problems in the theory.
Child maltreatment prevention strategies
Authors: Al-Eissa Majid A. , ElChoueiry Nathalie , AlBuhairan Fadia , Saleheen Hassan N. , Almuneef Maha A. 
Published: September 2018

Background and Objectives:
Child maltreatment (CM) is a global problem that has long-term negative outcomes. The objective of this study is to explore the knowledge and perceptions of youth regarding CM prevention.

Methods:
The study was conducted in Saudi Arabia using International Child Abuse Screening Tool (ICAST). Answers to open-ended questions were analyzed and a list of CM prevention strategies was generated.

Results:
Participants identified a range of preventive strategies that were grouped into three main themes: 1) collective preventive efforts; 2) recognizing and responding to CM; 3) gaining closure. For each overarching theme, a list of subthemes were derived. Subthemes included raising awareness through the mass media; school professionals' capacity building and curriculum advancement; strengthening family relationships; enact CM preventive legislations and policies; monitoring media content and video games and limiting access to firearms for the first theme. The second theme comprised the subthemes reporting services and protective services. As for the third theme it included rehabilitation; punishment for CM crimes and connection to spirituality.

Conclusion:
Gathering youth perspectives on CM prevention will help us in designing future prevention strategies.