bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenolic acid phenethylesters and their corresponding ketones: Inhibition of 5‐lipoxygenase and stability in human blood and HepaRG cells
Authors: Mbarik Maroua , Poirier Samuel J. , Doiron Jérémie , Selka Ayyoub , Barnett David A. , Cormier Marc , Touaibia Mohamed , Surette Marc E. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LO) catalyzes the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, potent lipid mediators involved in inflammatory diseases, and both 5‐LO and the leukotrienes are validated therapeutic targets. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an effective inhibitor of 5‐LO and leukotriene biosynthesis but is susceptible to hydrolysis by esterases. In this study a number of CAPE analogues were synthesized with modifications to the caffeoyl moiety and the replacement of the ester linkage with a ketone. Several new molecules showed better inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis than CAPE in isolated human neutrophils and in whole blood with IC50 values in the nanomolar (290‐520 nmol/L) and low micromolar (1.0‐2.3 µmol/L) ranges, respectively. Sinapic acid and 2,5‐dihydroxy derivatives were more stable than CAPE in whole blood, and ketone analogues were degraded more slowly in HepaRG hepatocyte cultures than esters. All compounds underwent modification consistent with glucuronidation in HepaRG cultures as determined using LC‐MS/MS analysis, though the modified sinapoyl ketone (10) retained 50% of its inhibitory activity after up to one hour of incubation. This study has identified at least one CAPE analogue, compound 10, that shows favorable properties that warrant further in vivo investigation as an antiinflammatory compound.
Enzymes in the juvenile hormone biosynthetic pathway can be potential targets for pest control
Authors: Yin Yue , Qiu Yan‐Wei , Huang Juan , Tobe Stephen S , Chen Shan‐Shan , Kai Zhen‐Peng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiscovery of novel insecticides and targets has received global attention in recent years. Ten genes coding for enzymes involved in the juvenile hormone biosynthetic pathway of Manduca sexta were studied as potential insecticide targets.RESULTSWe determined the expression of genes encoding some critical enzymes in the JH biosynthetic pathway. Farnesol dehydrogenase (FOLD), Juvenile hormone acid O‐methyltransferase (JHAMT) and Juvenile hormone epoxidase (CYP15C1) were selected as the candidate targets based on gene expression results. RNAi silencing and enzyme inhibitor tests were performed to validate whether these candidate genes could be the potential insecticide targets. The down‐regulation of FOLD, JHAMT and CYP15C1 resulted in a 68%, 82% and 79% reduction in the rates of JH biosynthesis in vitro, respectively. In addition, RNA interference and inhibitor studies of these enzymes following oral administration demonstrated the potential application in pest management, with respect to high mortality and effects on growth.CONCLUSIONBased on our study, FOLD, JHAMT and CYP15C1 could be potential targets for pest control as a consequence of their important roles in insect development. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Selectively Permeable Double Emulsions
Authors: Ong Irvine Lian Hao , Amstad Esther 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNatural organisms are made of different types of microcompartments, many of which are enclosed by cell membranes. For these organisms to display a proper function, the microcompartments must be selectively permeable. For example, cell membranes are typically permeable toward small, uncharged molecules such as water, selected nutrients, and cell signaling molecules, but impermeable toward many larger biomolecules. Here, it is reported for the first time dynamic compartments, namely surfactant‐stabilized double emulsions, that display selective and tunable permeability. Selective permeability is imparted to double emulsions by stabilizing them with catechol‐functionalized surfactants that transport molecules across the oil shell of double emulsions only if they electrostatically or hydrophobically attract encapsulants. These double emulsions are employed as semipermeable picoliter‐sized vessels to controllably perform complexation reactions inside picoliter‐sized aqueous cores. This thus far unmet level of control over the transport of reagents across oil phases opens up new possibilities to use double emulsion drops as dynamic and selectively permeable microcompartments to initiate and maintain chemical and biochemical reactions in picoliter‐sized cell‐mimetic compartments.
Zur Festigkeit und Duktilität von Schweißverbindungen an höherfesten Stählen
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Kästner Thoralf , Hälsig André , Mayr Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIm AiF‐FOSTA‐Forschungsprojekt P1020 [1] wurde ein neues Bemessungsmodell für Schweißverbindungen entwickelt. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde ein Kleinteilversuch an Flachzugproben konzipiert, mit dessen Hilfe verschiedene Einflüsse auf die Festigkeit und das Verformungsvermögen der Nähte untersucht wurden. Hierzu gehören solche aus dem Grund‐ und Schweißzusatzwerkstoff, der Abkühlgeschwindigkeit und der Anzahl der Schweißlagen. Im folgenden Beitrag werden das Bemessungsmodell und dessen Eingangsparameter beschrieben. Nach einer Charakterisierung der untersuchten Stähle und Schweißzusatzwerkstoffe wird der Kleinteilversuch zur Bestimmung der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Schweißnähte erläutert. Im Anschluss folgen Parameterstudien, im Rahmen derer wesentliche Einflussgrößen auf die Eigenschaften von Schweißnähten untersucht werden. Auf Basis statistischer Auswertungen werden Schweißnahtfestigkeiten in Abhängigkeit vom Zusatzwerkstoff und der Abkühlzeit t8/5 angegeben.
Dynamic Vesicles Formed By Dissipative Self‐Assembly
Authors: Wanzke Caren , Jussupow Alexander , Kohler Fabian , Dietz Hendrik , Kaila Ville R. I. , Boekhoven Job 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSynthetic lipid membranes have served as important models for cellular membranes. However, these static membranes do not recapitulate the dynamic nature of the biological membranes which are frequently remodeled to support cellular function. An ideal membrane model would thus also display dynamic exchange of lipids. In this work, we achieve such a system by coupling the self‐assembly of peptides into membranes with a chemical reaction cycle. The reaction cycle activates and deactivates the peptides for self‐assembly at the expense of a chemical fuel. The resulting membranes are dynamically remodeled, and, over their 40 min lifetime, they emerge, grow, and are torn apart before they eventually decay.
Hilbert series and plethystics: paving the path towards 2HDM- and MLRSM-EFT
Authors: Anisha  , Das Bakshi Supratim , Chakrabortty Joydeep , Prakash Suraj 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Effective Field Theory (EFT) technique is one of the most elegant ways to capture the impact of high scale theory, if any, at some low energy by incorporating higher mass dimensional (≥5) effective operators (

$$ \mathcal{O} $$

O

i
). The low energy EFT is described in terms of only light degrees of freedom (DOF) which can appear on-shell. An essential task while developing the EFT framework is to compute these

$$ \mathcal{O} $$

O

i
’s. Hilbert Series (HS) is a novel and mathematically robust method to construct the complete set of gauge invariant independent, effective operators. The HS requires the knowledge of the transformation properties of the light DOF and the covariant derivatives under the internal gauge symmetries and conformal groups. The Hilbert Series method, by its virtue, automatically takes care of the redundancies in the operator set due to the Equations of Motion (EOMs) of fields and Integration by Parts (IBPs) with impeccable accuracy.
In this paper, we have adopted this methodology to construct the complete set of independent operators up to dimension-6 in the “Warsaw”-like basis for two different Beyond Standard Model scenarios — Two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) and Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model (MLRSM). For both these cases, we have calculated the corrections to the scalar, gauge boson and fermion mass spectra due to the dimension-6 operators. The additional contributions to all the Feynman vertices are computed and their impact on different observables, namely Weak mixing angle, Fermi constant, ρ and oblique (S, T, U) parameters. We have further discussed how the magnetic moments of charged leptons and production and decay of the massive BSM particles, e.g., charged scalar and different rare processes are affected in the presence of effective operators. We have also constructed the effective scalar four-point interactions and commented on the possible reinvestigation of the theoretical constraints, e.g., unitarity and vacuum stability within these frameworks.
Towards quasi-transverse momentum dependent PDFs computable on the lattice
Authors: Ebert Markus A. , Stewart Iain W. , Zhao Yong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDPDFs) which appear in factorized cross sections involve infinite Wilson lines with edges on or close to the light-cone. Since these TMDPDFs are not directly calculable with a Euclidean path integral in lattice QCD, we study the construction of quasi-TMDPDFs with finite-length spacelike Wilson lines that are amenable to such calculations. We define an infrared consistency test to determine which quasi-TMDPDF definitions are related to the TMDPDF, by carrying out a one-loop study of infrared logarithms of transverse position b

T
∼ ΛQCD
−1, which must agree between them. This agreement is a necessary condition for the two quantities to be related by perturbative matching. TMDPDFs necessarily involve combining a hadron matrix element, which nominally depends on a single light-cone direction, with soft matrix elements that necessarily depend on two light-cone directions. We show at one loop that the simplest definitions of the quasi hadron matrix element, the quasi soft matrix element, and the resulting quasi-TMDPDF all fail the infrared consistency test. Ratios of impact parameter quasi-TMDPDFs still provide nontrivial information about the TMD-PDFs, and are more robust since the soft matrix elements cancel. We show at one loop that such quasi ratios can be matched to ratios of the corresponding TMDPDFs. We also introduce a modified “bent” quasi soft matrix element which yields a quasi-TMDPDF that passes the consistency test with the TMDPDF at one loop, and discuss potential issues at higher orders.
Double copy for massive quantum particles with spin
Authors: Johansson Henrik , Ochirov Alexander 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe duality between color and kinematics was originally observed for purely adjoint massless gauge theories, and later found to hold even after introducing massive fermionic and scalar matter in arbitrary gauge-group representations. Such a generalization was critical for obtaining both loop amplitudes in pure Einstein gravity and realistic gravitational matter from the double copy. In this paper we elaborate on the double copy that yields amplitudes in gravitational theories coupled to flavored massive matter with spin, which is relevant to the problems of black-hole scattering and gravitational waves. Our construction benefits from making the little group explicit for the massive particles, as shown on lower-point examples. For concreteness, we focus on the double copy of QCD with massive quarks, for which we work out the gravitational Lagrangian up to quartic scalar and vector-scalar couplings. We find new gauge-invariant double-copy formulae for tree-level amplitudes with two distinct-flavor pairs of matter and any number of gravitons. These are similar to, but inherently different from, the well-known Kawai-Lewellen-Tye formulae, since the latter only hold for the double copy of purely adjoint gauge theories.
Assembly and characterisation of a unique onion diversity set identifies resistance to Fusarium basal rot and improved seedling vigour
Authors: Taylor Andrew , Teakle Graham R. , Walley Peter G. , Finch-Savage William E. , Jackson Alison C. , Jones Julie E. , Hand Paul , Thomas Brian , Havey Michael J. , Pink David A. C. , Clarkson John P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKey messageA unique, global onion diversity set was assembled, genotyped and phenotyped for beneficial traits. Accessions with strong basal rot resistance and increased seedling vigour were identified along with associated markers.AbstractConserving biodiversity is critical for safeguarding future crop production. Onion (Allium cepaL.) is a globally important crop with a very large (16 Gb per 1C) genome which has not been sequenced. While onions are self-fertile, they suffer from severe inbreeding depression and as such are highly heterozygous as a result of out-crossing. Bulb formation is driven by daylength, and accessions are adapted to the local photoperiod. Onion seed is often directly sown in the field, and hence seedling establishment is a critical trait for production. Furthermore, onion yield losses regularly occur worldwide due to Fusarium basal rot caused byFusarium oxysporumf. sp.cepae. A globally relevant onion diversity set, consisting of 10 half-sib families for each of 95 accessions, was assembled and genotyping carried out using 892 SNP markers. A moderate level of heterozygosity (30–35%) was observed, reflecting the outbreeding nature of the crop. Using inferred phylogenies, population structure and principal component analyses, most accessions grouped according to local daylength. A high level of intra-accession diversity was observed, but this was less than inter-accession diversity. Accessions with strong basal rot resistance and increased seedling vigour were identified along with associated markers, confirming the utility of the diversity set for discovering beneficial traits. The onion diversity set and associated trait data therefore provide a valuable resource for future germplasm selection and onion breeding.
Desecuritisation as a soft power strategy: the Belt and Road Initiative, European fragmentation and China’s normative influence in Central-Eastern Europe
Authors: Jakimów Małgorzata 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
While much discussion centres on economic properties and political challenges of implementing the China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), few studies investigate the subtle connections between the narratives of the BRI and the political transformations in the regions en route of the project. Through a critique of the Copenhagen School’s theory of securitisation, this paper brings together the analysis of Chinese, Central-Eastern European (CEE) and the core EU governments’ ideas and perceptions of the BRI and assesses what they mean for the future of the European Union’s political and normative cohesion. This paper argues that the China-deployed desecuritised narratives of the BRI constitute an important soft power strategy of China in its engagement in Europe. The article illustrates how these desecuritised narratives are utilised and co-produced actively by countries of CEE with a political aim of negotiating their domestic interests with the EU’s institutions, making the process of desecuritisation neither apolitical nor benign. As China-promoted desecuritisation is used instrumentally by the regional actors to present China as an economic, political and normative alternative to the EU, the article contributes to the understanding of China’s desecuritisation as a soft power strategy, which is both forged through ‘negative’ language (Callahan, Politics 35(3–4):216–229, 2015) and is ‘contingent’ upon recipient audiences (Kavalski, Coop Confl 48(2):247–267, 2013). As a result, new regional dynamics emerge in the EU, which are driven by the populist turn and growing demand for Chinese investments in the European periphery, which China skilfully utilises through narratives of desecuritisation in order to boost its soft power strategy in the region.
Membrane Deformation of Endothelial Surface Layer Interspersed with Syndecan-4: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Jiang Xi Zhuo , Guo Liwei , Luo Kai H. , Ventikos Yiannis 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The lipid membrane of endothelial cells plays a pivotal role in maintaining normal circulatory system functions. To investigate the response of the endothelial cell membrane to changes in vascular conditions, an atomistic model of the lipid membrane interspersed with Syndecan-4 core protein was established based on experimental observations and a series of molecular dynamics simulations were undertaken. The results show that flow results in continuous deformation of the lipid membrane, and the degree of membrane deformation is not in monotonic relationship with the environmental changes (either the changes in blood velocity or the alteration of the core protein configuration). An explanation for such non-monotonic relationship is provided, which agrees with previous experimental results. The elevation of the lipid membrane surface around the core protein of the endothelial glycocalyx was also observed, which can be mainly attributed to the Coulombic interactions between the biomolecules therein. The present study demonstrates that the blood flow can deform the lipid membrane directly via the interactions between water molecules and lipid membrane atoms thereby affecting mechanosensing; it also presents an additional force transmission pathway from the flow to the lipid membrane via the glycocalyx core protein, which complements previous mechanotransduction hypothesis.
Wood protective coatings based on fluorocarbosilane
Authors: Szubert Karol , Dutkiewicz Agnieszka , Dutkiewicz Michał , Maciejewski Hieronim 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The effectiveness of protective coatings based on 3-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyloxy)propyltriethoxysilane in the protection of wood surface from the effects of water was tested. No earlier attempts at using the mentioned fluorocarbosilane for the protection of wood have been reported in the literature. The coatings were deposited by the sol–gel method. As a result of the generation of chemical bonds between the wood surface and silane, a coating was produced that permanently increased the wood hydrophobicity. Fluorinated chains attached to the silicon atoms make an effective barrier preventing the access of water and limiting the effects of water on the wood surface.
Mindful Parenting and Parenting Practices in Chinese Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ren Yaxuan , Hu Xiaoyi , Han Zhuo Rachel , Yang Xuan , Li Mingyao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Parenting children with autism spectrum disorder may be different from parenting typically developing children. The current study systematically compared mindful parenting and parenting practices in families of children with autism spectrum disorder and in families of typically developing children in China.

Methods
167 biological parents (Mage = 37.87) of Chinese children with autism spectrum disorder and 167 biological parents (Mage = 38.04) of typical developing children completed questionnaires regarding mindful parenting and parenting practices. A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to compare between the two types of families with parent/child gender effects on mindful parenting and parenting practices. Then a series of path analyses were also conducted to examine the associations between mindful parenting and parenting practices in the two types of families.

Results
Compared to parents of typically developing children, parents of children with autism spectrum disorder showed less listening with full attention, less proactive parenting, less supportiveness, more lax control, and more physical control to their children; in families of children with autism spectrum disorder (but not in families of typically developing children), fathers showed less proactive parenting and supportiveness to their children than mothers. We also found that parents’ listening with full attention and awareness of children’s emotions were significantly related to both positive and negative parenting practices in families of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Conclusions
Chinese parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and parents of typically developing children display different parenting behaviors. These findings can provide us more future directions in studying parenting behaviors in Chinese families of children with autism spectrum disorder.
The Stokes Complex for Virtual Elements with Application to Navier–Stokes Flows
Authors: Beirão da Veiga L. , Mora D. , Vacca G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the present paper, we investigate the underlying Stokes complex structure of the Virtual Element Method for Stokes and Navier–Stokes introduced in previous papers by the same authors, restricting our attention to the two dimensional case. We introduce a Virtual Element space $${\varPhi }_h \subset H^2({\varOmega })$$

Φ
h

⊂

H
2

(
Ω
)

and prove that the triad $$\{{\varPhi }_h, {\varvec{V}}_h, Q_h\}$$

{

Φ
h

,

V

h

,

Q
h

}

(with $${\varvec{V}}_h$$

V

h

and $$Q_h$$

Q
h

denoting the discrete velocity and pressure spaces) is an exact Stokes complex. Furthermore, we show the computability of the associated differential operators in terms of the adopted degrees of freedom and explore also a different discretization of the convective trilinear form. The theoretical findings are supported by numerical tests.
Peer Problems and Low Self-esteem Mediate the Suspicious and Non-suspicious Schizotypy–Reactive Aggression Relationship in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Wong Keri Ka-Yee , Raine Adrian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The relationship between schizophrenia and violence has been well-established. Yet very little prior research exists on the factors that might explain the nature of this relationship and even fewer studies seek to clarify the etiology of aggressive behavior in adolescents with specific features of schizotypal personality that might help improve the specificity of intervention. The current study tested whether one dimension of schizotypy alone (i.e., the ‘suspicious’ feature) or the other 8 dimensions (i.e., the ‘non-suspicious’ features) were particularly associated with aggressive behaviors (reactive and proactive aggression), and if peer problems and low self-esteem mediated these relationships. A serial multiple mediation model testing the hypothesized flow from suspicious and non-suspicious schizotypy to peer problems to low self-esteem and to increased aggression was tested in Hong Kong schoolchildren aged 8- to 14-years (N = 1412; Mage = 11.47, SD = 1.67 years, female = 47.6%). Increased suspicious and non-suspicious schizotypal features were found to be independently associated with increased reactive aggression, but not proactive aggression. Children with high levels of suspicious schizotypy and non-suspicious schizotypy were more likely to have poor peer problems and low self-esteem concurrently, which in turn was associated with reactive aggression only. This explanatory model suggests that future longitudinal intervention studies that enhance self-esteem in schizotypal adolescents may potentially reduce co-morbid reactive aggressive behaviors too.
Collective ignorance: an information theoretic account
Authors: Ranalli Christopher , van Woudenberg René 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe are ignorant knowers. This paper proposes an information theoretic explanation of that fact. The explanation is a conjunction of three claims. First, that even in those dimensions where we are capable of picking up information, there is information that we don’t pick up. Second, that there can be dimensions of information for which we lack the capacity to pick up any information whatsoever. Third, that we don’t know whether the faculties and cognitive capacities we are endowed with process all the information that they pick up.