bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetically Induced Current Piston for Generating Extreme-ultraviolet Fronts in the Solar Corona
Authors: Wongwaitayakornkul Pakorn , Haw Magnus A. , Li Hui , Bellan Paul M. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Single-pulse, globally propagating coronal fronts, called Extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) waves, were first observed in 1995 by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope and every observed EUV wave since has been associated with a coronal mass ejection (CME). The physical mechanism underlying these waves has been debated for two decades with wave or pseudo-wave theories being advocated. We propose a hybrid model where EUV waves are compressional fronts driven by a reverse electric current layer induced by the time-dependent CME core current. The reverse current layer flows in a direction opposite to the CME core current and is an eddy current layer necessary to maintain magnetic flux conservation above the layer. Repelled by the core current, the reverse current layer accelerates upward so it acts as a piston that drives a compressional perturbation in the coronal regions above. Given a sufficiently fast piston speed, the compressional perturbation becomes a shock that separates from the piston when the piston slows down. Since the model relates the motion of the EUV front to CME properties, the model provides a bound for the core current of an erupting CME. The model is supported and motivated by detailed results from both laboratory experiments and ideal 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations. Overlaps and differences with other models and spacecraft observations are discussed.
Constraints on the Spacetime Metric around Seven “Bare” AGNs Using X-Ray Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Tripathi Ashutosh , Yan Jinli , Yang Yuchan , Yan Yunfeng , Garnham Marcus , Yao Yu , Li Songcheng , Ding Ziyu , Abdikamalov Askar B. , Ayzenberg Dimitry , Bambi Cosimo , Dauser Thomas , García Javier A. , Jiang Jiachen , Nampalliwar Sourabh 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present the study of a sample of seven “bare” active galactic nuclei observed with Suzaku. We interpret the spectrum of these sources with a relativistic reflection component and we employ our model relxill_nk to test the Kerr nature of their supermassive black holes. We constrain the Johannsen deformation parameters α
13 and α
22, in which the Kerr metric is recovered when α
13 = α
22 = 0. All our measurements are consistent with the hypothesis that the spacetime geometry around these supermassive objects is described by the Kerr solution. For some sources, we obtain quite strong constraints on α
13 and α
22 when compared to those found in our previous studies. We discuss the systematic uncertainties in our tests and the implications of our results.
Magnetic Field Rearrangement in the Photosphere Driven by an M5.0 Solar Flare
Authors: Xu Zhe , Yang Jiayan , Ji Kaifan , Bi Yi , Yang Bo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Sunspot structures can be significantly affected by major flares. In this study, we reported a large penumbral area experiencing two kinds of transformations during the flare SOL2013-11-03T05:22 (M5.0). One penumbral segment decayed and transformed into a small pore when swept by the flare ribbon. At the same time, an adjacent penumbral segment expanded, permeating the granular area along the flaring magnetic polarity inversion line. EUV and X-ray observations indicated that the penumbral enhancement area was close to the flare center, while the penumbral decay area was on the relatively outer side. By tracking the magnetic motions and local magnetic field changes, we found that the magnetic transformations within two regions were totally different during the flare. The central penumbral enhancement area was accompanied by the field collapsing down, whereas the outer penumbral decay area was associated with the field lifting up toward the upper flare center. Particularly, following the uplift motion of the magnetic fields in the outer region, the magnetic flux in the decaying penumbra decreased and that in the forming pore subsequently increased. These results implied that the rearrangement of the magnetic field during the flare would be the action that resulted in the variations of sunspot structures.
RELICS: High-resolution Constraints on the Inner Mass Distribution of the z = 0.83 Merging Cluster RXJ0152.7-1357 from Strong Lensing
Authors: Acebron Ana , Alon May , Zitrin Adi , Mahler Guillaume , Coe Dan , Sharon Keren , Cibirka Nathália , Bradač Maruša , Trenti Michele , Umetsu Keiichi , Andrade-Santos Felipe , Avila Roberto J. , Bradley Larry , Carrasco Daniela , Cerny Catherine , Czakon Nicole G. , Dawson William A. , Frye Brenda , Hoag Austin T. , Huang Kuang-Han , Johnson Traci L. , Jones Christine , Kikuchihara Shotaro , Lam Daniel , Livermore Rachael C. , Lovisari Lorenzo , Mainali Ramesh , Oesch Pascal A. , Ogaz Sara , Ouchi Masami , Past Matthew , Paterno-Mahler Rachel , Peterson Avery , Ryan Russell E. , Salmon Brett , Sendra-Server Irene , Stark Daniel P. , Strait Victoria , Toft Sune , Vulcani Benedetta 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Strong gravitational lensing (SL) is a powerful means of mapping the distribution of dark matter. In this work, we perform an SL analysis of the prominent X-ray cluster RXJ0152.7-1357 (z = 0.83, also known as CL0152.7-1357) in Hubble Space Telescope images, taken in the framework of the Reionization Lensing Cluster Survey (RELICS). On top of a previously known z = 3.93 galaxy multiply imaged by RXJ0152.7-1357, for which we identify an additional multiple image, guided by a light-traces-mass approach, we identify seven new sets of multiply imaged background sources lensed by this cluster, spanning the redshift range [1.79–3.93]. A total of 25 multiple images are seen over a small area of ∼0.4 arcmin2, allowing us to put relatively high-resolution constraints on the inner matter distribution. Although modestly massive, the high degree of substructure, together with its very elongated shape, makes RXJ0152.7-1357 a very efficient lens for its size. This cluster also comprises the third-largest sample of z ∼ 6–7 candidates in the RELICS survey. Finally, we present a comparison of our resulting mass distribution and magnification estimates with those from a Lenstool model. These models are made publicly available through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes.
Multiepoch Ultraviolet HST Observations of Accreting Low-mass Stars
Authors: Robinson Connor E. , Espaillat Catherine C. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Variability is a defining characteristic of young low-mass stars that are still accreting material from their primordial protoplanetary disk. Here we present the largest Hubble Space Telescope (HST) variability study of classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) to date. For five of these objects, we obtained a total of 25 spectra with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph. Mass accretion rates and the fraction of the star covered by accretion columns (i.e., filling factors) were inferred using 1D NLTE physical models whose parameters were fit within a Bayesian framework. On week-long timescales, typical changes in the mass accretion rates range up to a factor of about two, while changes of up to a factor of about five are inferred for the filling factors. In addition to this, we observed a possible accretion burst in the transitional disk system GM Aur, and an incident we interpret as a chance alignment of an accretion column and the undisturbed photosphere along our line of sight in the full disk system VW Cha. We also measure correlations between mass accretion rate and line luminosities for use as secondary tracers of accretion. We place our objects in context with recent high-cadence photometric surveys of low-mass star formation regions and highlight the need for more broad-wavelength, contemporaneous data to better understand the physical mechanisms behind accretion variability in CTTS.
Asymptotically Stable Numerical Method for Multispecies Momentum Transfer: Gas and Multifluid Dust Test Suite and Implementation in FARGO3D
Authors: Benítez-Llambay Pablo , Krapp Leonardo , Pessah Martin E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present an asymptotically and unconditionally stable numerical method to account for the momentum transfer between multiple species. Momentum is conserved to machine precision. This implies that the asymptotic equilibrium corresponds to the velocity of the center of mass. Aimed at studying dust dynamics, we implement this numerical method in the publicly available code FARGO3D. To validate our implementation, we develop a test suite for an arbitrary number of species, based on analytical or exact solutions of problems related to perfect damping, damped sound waves, shocks, local and global gas–dust radial drift in a disk, and linear streaming instability. In particular, we obtain first-order steady-state solutions for the radial drift of multiple dust species in protoplanetary disks (PPDs), in which the pressure gradient is not necessarily small. We additionally present nonlinear shearing-box simulations of the streaming instability and compare them with previous results obtained with Lagrangian particles. We successfully validate our implementation by recovering the solutions from the test suite to second- and first-order accuracy in space and time, respectively. From this, we conclude that our scheme is suitable, and very robust, to study the self-consistent dynamics of several fluids. In particular, it can be used for solving the collisions between gas and dust in PPDs, with any degree of coupling.
Possible Detection of Torsional Alfvén Waves within an Interplanetary Magnetic Cloud
Authors: Guo Jianpeng , Wang Zehao , Feng Xueshang , Li Bo , Shi Mijie , Huang Hui , Lin Haibo , Yang Lei , Liu Chaoxu , Zhong Jiayong , Wei Yong , Yan Yihua , Wan Weixing 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Although it is believed that Alfvén waves can be present in the form of torsional modes in interplanetary magnetic flux ropes, convincing observational evidence remains elusive. In this Letter, we report the detection of Alfvén waves embedded within an interplanetary magnetic cloud (MC) on 2003 March 20, which exhibited features quite different from those upstream and downstream. The magnetic field inside the MC underwent alternate rotations along an arc through a relatively small angle in the plane perpendicular to the minimum variance direction, which seems consistent with the appearance of torsional modes. A significant poloidal motion of plasma existed in the MC, thus it is possible that the field-aligned helical plasma flow was mixed with Alfvén waves exhibiting high correlation between plasma velocity and the magnetic field.
Do Clinical Correlates of Knee Osteoarthritis Predict Outcome of Intraarticular Steroid Injections?
Authors: Maricar Nasimah , Parkes Matthew J. , Callaghan Michael J. , Felson David T. , O’Neill Terence W. 
Published: April 2019

Objective.To determine whether clinical correlates of knee osteoarthritis (OA) affect the outcome of intraarticular steroid injections (IASI) in symptomatic knee OA.Methods.Men and women aged ≥ 40 years with painful knee OA who participated in an open-label trial of IASI completed questionnaires and clinical examination. The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT)–Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) criteria were used to assess response to therapy in the short term (within 2 weeks). Among those who initially responded, those whose pain had not returned to within 20% of the baseline Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score pain score at 6 months were characterized as longer-term responders. Log-binomial regression was used to examine factors associated with outcome.Results.One hundred ninety-nine participants were included, of whom 146 (73.4%) were short-term and 40 (20.1%) longer-term responders. Compared to short-term nonresponders, participants with these characteristics were more likely to be short-term responders: medial joint line tenderness [relative risk (RR) 1.42, 95% CI 1.10–1.82], medial and lateral joint line tenderness (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03–1.84), patellofemoral tenderness (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.55), anserine tenderness (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06–1.52), and a belief that treatment would be effective [RR/unit increase (range 0–10) = 1.05 (1.01–1.09)]. Aspiration of joint fluid (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.95) and previous ligament/meniscus injury (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44–0.91) were associated with a reduced risk of being a short-term responder. Compared to initial nonresponders and those whose pain recurred within 6 months, participants with a higher number of pain sites [RR/unit increase (range 0–10) = 0.83, 95% CI 0.72–0.97], chronic widespread pain (RR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10–0.98), perceived chronicity of disease [RR/unit increase (range 0–10) = 0.86, 95% CI 0.78–0.94], and a higher depression score [RR/unit increase (range 0–21) = 0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.99] were less likely to be longer-term responders.Conclusion.Among patients with symptomatic knee OA, tenderness around the knee was associated with better short-term outcome of IASI. However, clinical-related factors did not predict longer-term response, while those with chronic widespread pain and depressive symptoms were less likely to obtain longer-term benefits.
Pain Measurement in Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Where To Go from Here? Report from a Special Interest Group at OMERACT 2018
Authors: Chiarotto Alessandro , Kaiser Ulrike , Choy Ernest , Christensen Robin , Conaghan Philip G. , Cowern Mary , Gill Michael , de Wit Maarten , Gargon Elizabeth , Horgan Ben , Kirkham Jamie J. , Simon Lee S. , Singh Jasvinder A. , Tugwell Peter , Turk Dennis C. , Mease Philip J. 
Published: April 2019

Objective.Establishing a research agenda on standardizing pain measurement in clinical trials in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD).Methods.Discussion during a meeting at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 2018, prepared by a systematic review of existing core outcome sets and a patient online survey.Results.Several key questions were debated: Is pain a symptom or a disease? Are pain core (sub)domains consistent across RMD? How to account for pain mechanistic descriptors (e.g., central sensitization) in pain measurement?Conclusion.Characterizing and assessing the spectrum of pain experience across RMD in a standardized fashion is the objective of the OMERACT Pain Working Group.
Percutaneous Biventricular Mechanical Heart Support in Cardiogenic Shock: A Nursing Case Report
Authors: Dittman Bridget K. 
Published: April 2019

INTRODUCTION
Only a few cases of biventricular cardiogenic shock have been treated with Impella circulatory assist devices in the United States.

CLINICAL FINDINGS
A 29-year-old man came to the emergency department because of cough, shortness of breath, fever, and chills. Initial assessment revealed hypotension; an elevated creatinine level of 2.1 mg/dL; and markedly elevated results on liver function tests, with alanine transaminase 5228 IU/L and aspartate aminotransferase 6200 IU/L. The patient’s signs and symptoms met criteria for New York Heart Association class IV heart failure and associated poor prognosis for recovery.

DIAGNOSIS
Echocardiography revealed dilated cardiomyopathy and biventricular failure with an ejection fraction of 15%. Results of an endomyocardial biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of myocarditis.

INTERVENTIONS
After unsuccessful treatment with inotropes, biventricular support was started with an Impella CP device in the left ventricle and an Impella RP device in the pulmonary artery.

OUTCOMES
The patient was maintained on support for 8 days and was discharged to home from the hospital after 27 days. Repeat echocardiography 90 days after discharge indicated improvement in ejection fraction to 40%. At follow-up 16 weeks after discharge, all signs and symptoms of heart failure had resolved. The patient has not had any inpatient readmissions to the hospital to date.

CONCLUSION
This case presents an opportunity for analysis of care activities and role responsibilities of bedside nurses in caring for this patient. Discussion of this case expands the literature describing nursing activities associated with caring for patients with Impella devices.
Critical Care Nurse Work Environments 2018: Findings and Implications
Authors: Ulrich Beth , Barden Connie , Cassidy Linda , Varn-Davis Natasha 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUNDThe health of critical care nurse work environments affects patient and nurse outcomes. The results of the 2018 Critical Care Nurse Work Environment Study are reported here with comparisons to previous studies and recommendations for continued improvement.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the current state of critical care nurse work environments.METHODSAn online survey was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data for this mixed-methods study. A total of 8080 American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) members and constituents responded to the survey.RESULTSThe health of critical care nurse work environments has improved since the previous study in 2013; however, there are still areas of concern and opportunities for improvement. Key findings include documented absence of appropriate staffing by more than 60% of participants; an alarming number of physical and mental well-being issues (198 340 incidents reported by 6017 participants); one-third of the participants expressed intent to leave their current positions in the next 12 months; and evidence of the positive outcomes of implementing the AACN Healthy Work Environment standards.CONCLUSIONEvidence of the relationship between healthy nurse work environments and patient and nurse outcomes continues to increase. The results of this study provide evidence of the positive relationship between implementation of the AACN Healthy Work Environment standards and the health of critical care nurse work environments, between the health of critical care nurse work environments and job satisfaction, and between job satisfaction and the intent of critical care nurses to leave their current positions or stay.
Cutting Edge: BCAP Promotes Lupus-like Disease and TLR-Mediated Type I IFN Induction in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells
Authors: Chu Talyn , Ni Minjian , Chen Chunmo , Akilesh Shreeram , Hamerman Jessica A. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus severity correlates with elevated serum levels of type I IFNs, cytokines produced in large quantities by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in response to engagement of TLR7 and TLR9 with endocytosed nucleic acids. B cell adaptor for PI3K (BCAP) promoted many aspects of TLR7-driven lupus-like disease, including Isg15 and Ifit1 expression in blood and an immature pDC phenotype associated with higher IFN production. BCAP−/− mice produced significantly less serum IFN-α than wild-type mice after injection of TLR9 agonist, and BCAP promoted TLR7 and TLR9-induced IFN-α production specifically in pDC. TLR-induced IFN-α production in pDC requires DOCK2-mediated activation of Rac1 leading to activation of IKKα, a mechanism we show was dependent on BCAP. BCAP−/− pDC had decreased actin polymerization and Rac1 activation and reduced IKKα phosphorylation upon TLR9 stimulation. We show a novel role for BCAP in promoting TLR-induced IFN-α production in pDC and in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis.
Should We Design Clinical Trials Differently in the Era of Cancer Immunotherapy?
Authors: Lin Chia-Chi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The oncology clinical trials are evolving in the era of cancer immunotherapy. In Phase I trials, some severe immune-related adverse events occur beyond the first cycle. This is important to determine the recommended Phase II dose if the treatment duration is long. If there is no dose–response/toxicity relationship, it will not be necessary to push to the maximum tolerated dose. In Phase II trials, companion predictive biomarkers are valuable in cancers with intermediate response rates. Randomized (comparison, selection, or discontinuation) Phase II trials are needed in cancer immunotherapy combination. In Phase III trials, milestone analysis and restricted mean survival time could serve as the alternatives to hazard ratio to fit the survival kinetics of cancer immunotherapy.
Produção e desempenho de carvão ativado fisicamente a partir de Bambusa vulgaris
Authors: Morais Rayssa De Medeiros , Santana Gregório Mateus , Costa Lelis Roberto Carlos , Paes Juarez Benigno , Schueler Maria Vanessa Egger , Morbeck Fernanda Lago 
Published: April 2019

Foi produzido carvão ativado (CA) a partir de Bambusa vulgaris para avaliar seu potencial para adsorção do corante azul de metileno (AM). O CA foi preparado mediante ativação física direta, utilizando como agente ativante o vapor d’água sendo caracterizado quanto ao rendimento gravimétrico em CA, pH do ponto de carga zero, método titulométrico de Boehm, análise de área superficial, volume e diâmetro dos poros e da morfologia superficial. Para aplicação do CA realizou-se estudos de cinética e isotermas de adsorção, tendo aplicados modelos de isotermas de Langmuir e Freundlich. O material produzido apresentou área superficial de 684,69 m2 g-1, pH do ponto de carga zero de 7,32 e predominância de grupos ácidos em sua superfície. Pela análise da micrografia foi possível verificar o desenvolvimento da porosidade do material devido à ativação. A capacidade máxima de adsorção para o corante AM foi de 301,07 mg g-1 com melhor ajuste ao modelo de Langmuir. O CA obtido a partir de Bambusa vulgaris apresentou excelentes propriedades texturais e adsortivas, sendo eficiente na adsorção do corante azul de metileno.
Local government and community events in New Zealand: a case study of two neighbouring cities
Authors: Grima Joany 
Published: April 2019

The objectives for this research project were to examine the quality and type of support offered to community events through a case study of two neighbouring councils in the North Island of New Zealand; and to determine the impacts of events staged in the communities of both councils, including their influence on social capital building.
The study found that both councils are supportive of the delivery of events by both council and non-council event organisers. The councils are providing human, financial and physical capital to enable the output of events. Event impacts – specifically social and economic impacts – were considered to be positive in nature.
However, there is scope for greater strategic planning around community event delivery both by individual authorities and collaboratively, including the establishment of formal monitoring and evaluation systems. There is also scope to incorporate key lessons in regard to good practice, as identified by this study.