bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the type of social health insurance on health service utilisation and expenditures: implications for a unified system in China
Authors: Tan Si Ying , Wu Xun , Yang Wei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile moving towards unified social health insurance (SHI) is often a politically popular policy reform in countries where rapid expansion in health insurance coverage has given rise to the segmentation of SHI systems as different SHI schemes were rolled out to serve different populations, the potential impacts of reform on service utilisation and health costs have not been systematically studied. Using data from the Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we compared the mean costs incurred for both inpatient and outpatient care under different health insurance schemes, and the impact of different SHI schemes on treatment utilisation and health care costs using a two-part model. Our results show that Urban Employee Medical Insurance, which offers the most generous benefits, incurs the highest total costs prior to reimbursement when compared to other SHI schemes. Our analysis also shows that utilisation of SHI did not show significant reduction in out-of-pocket payments for outpatients. We argue that, unless effective measures are introduced to deal with perverse provider payment incentives, the move towards a unified system with more generous benefits may usher in a new wave of cost escalation for health care systems in China.
WiMAX and C bands semi-fractal circularly polarized antenna with satellite bands filtering properties
Authors: Sedghi T. , Aribi T. , Kalami A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed circular polarization (CP)-antenna for new generation applications with dual bands filtering performance along with CP feature based on unit-cell semi-fractal is proposed in this paper. The CP-antenna privileges from semi-fractal radiator causes to have a miniaturized size. The stopped bands are designed to suppress the interference with present WLAN and ITU-R satellite systems. These properties are obtained by embedding semi-fractal unit-cell patterns stubs at the radiator and applying two rectangular-shaped slits inside CPW ground plane and a pair of grounded L-shaped strips. By introducing the first step of semi-fractal strips, and the mirrored defected ground surface structures, dual-band rejection functionality at WLAN (5–6 GHz) and ITU-R (7.725–8.5 GHz) are practically obtained. Besides that, semi-fractal strips results to two orthogonal modes stimulation on the radiator and CP attribute are obtained at WiMAX (3.1–3.7 GHz). CP-antenna presents omni-directional radiation H-plane patterns over the applicational frequency band. The CP-antennas size is 25 mm × 25 mm and fabricated on commercially available FR4-epoxy substrate with 1 mm thickness. Measured results illustrate that the proposed ultimate CP-antenna with miniaturized structure, efficient impedance tuning characteristics, and adequate radiation performances is the best choice for new generation of wireless communications.
Quantifying and Mitigating Wind‐Induced Undercatch in Rainfall Measurements
Authors: Pollock M. D. , O'Donnell G. , Quinn P. , Dutton M. , Black A. , Wilkinson M. E. , Colli M. , Stagnaro M. , Lanza L. G. , Lewis E. , Kilsby C. G. , O'Connell P. E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite the apparent simplicity, it is notoriously difficult to measure rainfall accurately because of the challenging environment within which it is measured. Systematic bias caused by wind is inherent in rainfall measurement and introduces an inconvenient unknown into hydrological science that is generally ignored. This paper examines the role of rain gauge shape and mounting height on catch efficiency (CE), where CE is defined as the ratio between nonreference and reference rainfall measurements. Using a pit gauge as a reference, we have demonstrated that rainfall measurements from an exposed upland site, recorded by an adjacent conventional cylinder rain gauge mounted at 0.5 m, were underestimated by more than 23% on average. At an exposed lowland site, with lower wind speeds on average, the equivalent mean undercatch was 9.4% for an equivalent gauge pairing. An improved‐aerodynamic gauge shape enhanced CE when compared to a conventional cylinder gauge shape. For an improved‐aerodynamic gauge mounted at 0.5 m above the ground, the mean undercatch was 11.2% at the upland site and 3.4% at the lowland site. The mounting height of a rain gauge above the ground also affected CE due to the vertical wind gradient near to the ground. Identical rain gauges mounted at 0.5 and 1.5 m were compared at an upland site, resulting in a mean undercatch of 11.2% and 17.5%, respectively. By selecting three large rainfall events and splitting them into shorter‐duration intervals, a relationship explaining 81% of the variance was established between CE and wind speed.
The Collaborative Seismic Earth Model: Generation 1
Authors: Fichtner Andreas , van Herwaarden Dirk‐Philip , Afanasiev Michael , Simutė Saulė , Krischer Lion , Çubuk‐Sabuncu Yeşim , Taymaz Tuncay , Colli Lorenzo , Saygin Erdinc , Villaseñor Antonio , Trampert Jeannot , Cupillard Paul , Bunge Hans‐Peter , Igel Heiner 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present a general concept for evolutionary, collaborative, multiscale inversion of geophysical data, specifically applied to the construction of a first‐generation Collaborative Seismic Earth Model. This is intended to address the limited resources of individual researchers and the often limited use of previously accumulated knowledge. Model evolution rests on a Bayesian updating scheme, simplified into a deterministic method that honors today's computational restrictions. The scheme is able to harness distributed human and computing power. It furthermore handles conflicting updates, as well as variable parameterizations of different model refinements or different inversion techniques. The first‐generation Collaborative Seismic Earth Model comprises 12 refinements from full seismic waveform inversion, ranging from regional crustal‐ to continental‐scale models. A global full‐waveform inversion ensures that regional refinements translate into whole‐Earth structure.
Satellite Observations of Precipitating Marine Stratocumulus Show Greater Cloud Fraction for Decoupled Clouds in Comparison to Coupled Clouds
Authors: Goren Tom , Rosenfeld Daniel , Sourdeval Odran , Quaas Johannes 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study examines the relationships between marine stratocumulus clouds (MSC) coupling state with the ocean surface, their precipitation rate and fractional cloud cover (CF). This was possible by developing a novel methodology for satellite retrieval of the clouds coupling state. Decks of overcast MSC were reported in previous studies to break up often as their precipitation rate increases significantly, thus reducing CF and cloud radiative effect substantially. Here we show that decks of precipitating decoupled MSC have larger CF compared to similarly precipitating coupled MSC. The difference in CF between decoupled and coupled clouds was found to increase with precipitation rate, up to nearly doubling the CF of the heaviest precipitating decoupled MSC. This suggests that decoupling is a feature related to higher cloud radiative effect in precipitating MSC.
The Persistence of Brines in Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Ferguson Grant , McIntosh Jennifer C. , Grasby Stephen E. , Hendry M. Jim , Jasechko Scott , Lindsay Matthew B. J. , Luijendijk Elco 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBrines are commonly found at depth in sedimentary basins. Many of these brines are known to be connate waters that have persisted since the early Paleozoic Era. Yet questions remain about their distribution and mechanisms for retention at depth in the Earth's crust. Here we demonstrate that there is insufficient topography to drive these dense fluids from the bottom of deep sedimentary basins. Our assessment based on driving force ratio indicates that sedimentary basins with driving force ratio > 1 contain connate waters and frequently host large evaporite deposits. These stagnant conditions appear to be relatively stable over geological time and insensitive to factors such as glaciations, erosion, compaction, and hydrocarbon generation.
Aurora A-dependent CENP-A phosphorylation at inner centromeres protects bioriented chromosomes against cohesion fatigue
Authors: Eot-Houllier Grégory , Magnaghi-Jaulin Laura , Fulcrand Géraldine , Moyroud François-Xavier , Monier Solange , Jaulin Christian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSustained spindle tension applied to sister centromeres during mitosis eventually leads to uncoordinated loss of sister chromatid cohesion, a phenomenon known as “cohesion fatigue.” We report that Aurora A-dependent phosphorylation of serine 7 of the centromere histone variant CENP-A (p-CENP-AS7) protects bioriented chromosomes against cohesion fatigue. Expression of a non-phosphorylatable version of CENP-A (CENP-AS7A) weakens sister chromatid cohesion only when sister centromeres are under tension, providing the first evidence of a regulated mechanism involved in protection against passive cohesion loss. Consistent with this observation, p-CENP-AS7 is detected at the inner centromere where it forms a discrete domain. The depletion or inhibition of Aurora A phenocopies the expression of CENP-AS7A and we show that Aurora A is recruited to centromeres in a Bub1-dependent manner. We propose that Aurora A-dependent phosphorylation of CENP-A at the inner centromere protects chromosomes against tension-induced cohesion fatigue until the last kinetochore is attached to spindle microtubules.
Beliefs about others’ intentions determine whether cooperation is the faster choice
Authors: Castro Santa Juana , Exadaktylos Filippos , Soto-Faraco Salvador 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIs collaboration the fast choice for humans? Past studies proposed that cooperation is a behavioural default, based on Response Times (RT) findings. Here we contend that the individual’s reckoning of the immediate social environment shapes her predisposition to cooperate and, hence, response latencies. In a social dilemma game, we manipulate the beliefs about the partner’s intentions to cooperate and show that they act as a switch that determines cooperation and defection RTs; when the partner’s intention to cooperate is perceived as high, cooperation choices are speeded up, while defection is slowed down. Importantly, this social context effect holds across varying expected payoffs, indicating that it modulates behaviour regardless of choices’ similarity in monetary terms. Moreover, this pattern is moderated by individual variability in social preferences: Among conditional cooperators, high cooperation beliefs speed up cooperation responses and slow down defection. Among free-riders, defection is always faster and more likely than cooperation, while high cooperation beliefs slow down all decisions. These results shed new light on the conflict of choices account of response latencies, as well as on the intuitive cooperation hypothesis, and can help to correctly interpret and reconcile previous, apparently contradictory results, by considering the role of context in social dilemmas.
PLGA nanoparticles co-delivering MDR1 and BCL2 siRNA for overcoming resistance of paclitaxel and cisplatin in recurrent or advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Risnayanti Chitra , Jang Yeong-Su , Lee Jinju , Ahn Hyung Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe inherent or acquired resistance to paclitaxel and cisplatin, which are commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for ovarian cancer treatment, remains an important issue in chemotherapy of multidrug resistant ovarian cancer. Currently, it is still challenging to deal with the recurrent or advanced stage ovarian cancer. When drug efflux and anti-apoptotic pathways are highly interdependent and also involved in developing the resistance of multidrug resistant ovarian cancer, simultaneous inhibition of both pathways represents the potential targets to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. Here, we introduce PLGA nanoparticles system as a “dual RNAi delivery system” to contain both MDR1 and BCL2 siRNA, which is designed for simultaneous inhibition of drug efflux and cell death defense pathways. In the present studies, siRNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles efficiently elicit the simultaneous suppression of both genes, which consequently shows more enhanced drug-sensitivity than sole suppression of drug efflux or anti-apoptosis in the resistant ovarian cancer cells, owing to the interdependence of both pathways. Our siRNA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for co-delivering MDR1 and BCL2 siRNA provide an efficient combination therapy strategy to overcome the chemoresistance of paclitaxel and cisplatin on the paclitaxel-resistant SKOV3-TR and cisplatin-resistant A2780-CP20 ovarian cancer respectively.
Weighting of Amplitude and Formant Rise Time Cues by School-Aged Children: A Mismatch Negativity Study
Authors: Peter Varghese , Kalashnikova Marina , Burnham Denis 
Published: May 2018

PurposeAn important skill in the development of speech perception is to apply optimal weights to acoustic cues so that phonemic information is recovered from speech with minimum effort. Here, we investigated the development of acoustic cue weighting of amplitude rise time (ART) and formant rise time (FRT) cues in children as measured by mismatch negativity (MMN).MethodTwelve adults and 36 children aged 6–12 years listened to a /ba/–/wa/ contrast in an oddball paradigm in which the standard stimulus had the ART and FRT cues of /ba/. In different blocks, the deviant stimulus had either the ART or FRT cues of /wa/.ResultsThe results revealed that children younger than 10 years were sensitive to both ART and FRT cues whereas 10- to 12-year-old children and adults were sensitive only to FRT cues. Moreover, children younger than 10 years generated a positive mismatch response, whereas older children and adults generated MMN.ConclusionThese results suggest that preattentive adultlike weighting of ART and FRT cues is attained only by 10 years of age and accompanies the change from mismatch response to the more mature MMN response.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6207608
Astrometric and photometric accuracies in high contrast imaging: The SPHERE speckle calibration tool (SpeCal)
Authors: Galicher R. , Boccaletti A. , Mesa D. , Delorme P. , Gratton R. , Langlois M. , Lagrange A.-M. , Maire A.-L. , Le Coroller H. , Chauvin G. , Biller B. , Cantalloube F. , Janson M. , Lagadec E. , Meunier N. , Vigan A. , Hagelberg J. , Bonnefoy M. , Zurlo A. , Rocha S. , Maurel D. , Jaquet M. , Buey T. , Weber L. 
Published: May 2018

Context. The consortium of the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch installed at the Very Large Telescope (SPHERE/VLT) has been operating its guaranteed observation time (260 nights over five years) since February 2015. The main part of this time (200 nights) is dedicated to the detection and characterization of young and giant exoplanets on wide orbits.
Aims. The large amount of data must be uniformly processed so that accurate and homogeneous measurements of photometry and astrometry can be obtained for any source in the field.
Methods. To complement the European Southern Observatory pipeline, the SPHERE consortium developed a dedicated piece of software to process the data. First, the software corrects for instrumental artifacts. Then, it uses the speckle calibration tool (SpeCal) to minimize the stellar light halo that prevents us from detecting faint sources like exoplanets or circumstellar disks. SpeCal is meant to extract the astrometry and photometry of detected point-like sources (exoplanets, brown dwarfs, or background sources). SpeCal was intensively tested to ensure the consistency of all reduced images (cADI, Loci, TLoci, PCA, and others) for any SPHERE observing strategy (ADI, SDI, ASDI as well as the accuracy of the astrometry and photometry of detected point-like sources.
Results. SpeCal is robust, user friendly, and efficient at detecting and characterizing point-like sources in high contrast images. It is used to process all SPHERE data systematically, and its outputs have been used for most of the SPHERE consortium papers to date. SpeCal is also a useful framework to compare different algorithms using various sets of data (different observing modes and conditions). Finally, our tests show that the extracted astrometry and photometry are accurate and not biased.
Metallopeptidases ofToxoplasma gondii:in silicoidentification and gene expression
Authors: Escotte-Binet Sandie , Huguenin Antoine , Aubert Dominique , Martin Anne-Pascaline , Kaltenbach Matthieu , Florent Isabelle , Villena Isabelle 
Published: May 2018

Metallopeptidases are a family of proteins with domains that remain highly conserved throughout evolution. These hydrolases require divalent metal cation(s) to activate the water molecule in order to carry out their catalytic action on peptide bonds by nucleophilic attack. Metallopeptidases from parasitic protozoa, includingToxoplasma, are investigated because of their crucial role in parasite biology. In the present study, we screened theT. gondiidatabase using PFAM motifs specific for metallopeptidases in association with the MEROPS peptidase Database (release 10.0). In all, 49 genes encoding proteins with metallopeptidase signatures were identified in theToxoplasmagenome. An Interpro Search enabled us to uncover their domain/motif organization, and orthologs with the highest similarity by BLAST were used for annotation. These 49 Toxoplasmametallopeptidases clustered into 15 families described in the MEROPS database. Experimental expression analysis of their genes in the tachyzoite stage revealed transcription for all genes studied. Further research on the role of these peptidases should increase our knowledge of basicToxoplasmabiology and provide opportunities to identify novel therapeutic targets. This type of study would also open a path towards the comparative biology of apicomplexans.
DEGEA-Curriculum: Sedierung und Notfallmanagement in der Endoskopie für Endoskopiepflege- und Endoskopieassistenzpersonal – Update 2018
Authors: Beilenhoff Ulrike , Engelke Monika , Kern-Waechter Elisabeth , Pfeifer Ute , Riphaus Andrea , Wietfeld Kornelia , Maeting Silvia 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDas DEGEA-Curriculum, basierend auf der S3-Leitlinie „Sedierung in der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie, bietet einen qualitätsorientierten Rahmen, um Endoskopiefachpersonal in Sedierung und Notfallmanagement zu schulen. Dieses Curriculum wurde nun aktualisiert.
Patienten mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion
Authors: van der Giet Markus 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungBei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion ist eine arterielle Hypertonie ein häufiger Begleiter. Seit über 2 Jahrzehnten ist bekannt, dass ein nicht kontrollierter
Blutdruck mittelfristig zu einem schnelleren Nierenfunktionsverlust führt und damit auch eine Nierenersatztherapie fast unweigerlich droht. In den letzten
Jahrzehnten hat man über klinische Studien versucht, den idealen Zielblutdruckwert zu ermitteln, der die Progression der Niereninsuffizienz maximal reduziert
und damit gleichzeitig auch die kardiovaskuläre Morbidität und Mortalität positiv beeinflusst. In den aktuellen Leitlinien der Europäischen
Hypertoniegesellschaft oder auch von KDIGO wurde ein systolisches Blutdruckziel von unter 140 mmHg zur optimalen Behandlung von nierenkranken Hypertonikern
definiert. Aber nach Analyse der SPRINT-Studie gibt es sehr gute Hinweise, dass eine Blutdrucksenkung auf unter 130 mmHg systolisch auch für nierenkranke
Patienten Sinn macht. Eine erste Leitlinie US-amerikanischer kardiologischer/nephrologicher/hypertensiologischer Fachgesellschaften hat dieses Ziel von unter
130/80 mmHg bei Nierenkrankheit auch bereits definiert.
Dialysepatienten
Authors: Gohlisch Christopher , van der Giet Markus 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungBlutdruckprobleme sind beim Dialysepatienten ein alltägliches Problem. Während wir mittlerweile sehr gut wissen, welche Ziele wir in der Blutdrucktherapie beim
nierengesunden Patienten anstreben, so sind die entsprechenden Zielwerte für Dialysepatienten deutlich weniger klar. Durch das terminale Versagen der Niere
erscheint der kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktor Hypertonie entschärft zu werden, da andere, urämiebedingte Risikofaktoren für die kardiovaskuläre Mortalität
dominanter werden. Darüber hinaus ändert sich die Blutdruckregulation bei Dialysepatienten erheblich. In der vorliegenden Übersicht wird zusammengefasst, wann
und wie bei Dialysepatienten der Blutdruck gemessen werden sollte. Außerdem werden neben den möglicherweise zu erreichenden Blutdruckzielen auch die derzeit
bekannten Behandlungsstudien zusammenfassend dargestellt.
Full-thickness resection with an over-the-scope device: possible translocation of adenoma tissue in a case of an incomplete resection at the appendix
Authors: Dumoulin Franz , Gorris Dominik , Berger Susanne , Hildenbrand Ralf , Sido Bernd 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Clip-assisted endoscopic full-thickness resection has great potential for treatment of difficult-to-resect colorectal neoplasia. Here, we report on endoscopic full-thickness resection at the appendiceal orifice with the appendix in situ requiring emergency surgery due to acute appendicitis. Final histopathology showed appendicitis and residual serrated adenoma within the appendiceal stump, but unexpectedly, also a displaced adenoma fragment at the serosal surface of the cecum. Given the transmural placement of the clip prior to snare resection, translocation of neoplastic tissue to the extra luminal site in cases of incomplete adenoma/carcinoma resection could be a concern.
The clinical significance and synchronous polyp burden of large (≥ 20 mm) sessile serrated polyps in patients without serrated polyposis syndrome
Authors: Desomer Lobke , Tate David J. , Jayanna Mahesh , Pellise Maria , Awadie Halim , Burgess Nicholas G. , McLeod Duncan , Mahajan Hema , Lee Eric Y. T. , Williams Stephen J. , Bourke Michael J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background Sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) are important precursors of colorectal carcinoma and interval cancer. Large SSPs (≥ 20 mm) outside the definition of serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS) have not been studied in comparison with SPS. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with large SSPs in this context.
Methods Patients with at least one SSP (≥ 20 mm) were eligible. Data from three consecutive colonoscopies were used to compare clinical and endoscopic characteristics in three patient groups: SPS, a solitary large SSP, and patients with at least two SSPs without fulfilling the criteria for SPS (oligo-SSP). Data on the diagnostic colonoscopy were collected retrospectively, whereas the remaining data was collected prospectively.
Results 67/146 patients (45.9 %) had SPS, 53/146 (36.3 %) had a solitary SSP, and 26/146 (17.8 %) were categorized as oligo-SSP. Personal (16.4 %, 9.4 %, and 11.5 %, respectively) and family (17.9 %, 17.0 %, and 23.1 %, respectively) history of colorectal carcinoma did not differ significantly between groups. Polyp burden was greater in SPS compared with solitary SSP but was not different from oligo-SSP (advanced adenomas: SPS 32.8 % vs. solitary SSP 9.4 % [P = 0.002] vs. oligo-SSP 34.6 % [P = 0.87]; ≥ 10 conventional adenomas: 11.9 % vs. 0 % [P = 0.01] vs. 3.8 % [P = 0.44], respectively). Dysplasia in large SSPs was frequent in all groups (41.1 % overall). SPS was recognized by referring endoscopists in only 9.0 % of cases.
Conclusion Patients with oligo-SSPs have similar synchronous polyp burden and clinical characteristics as patients with SPS and may require similar surveillance. Modification of the criteria for the diagnosis of SPS to include this group seems warranted. Patients with a solitary SSP have a lower risk of synchronous polyps, including advanced adenomas. Larger studies are warranted to determine whether these patients may return to standard surveillance following complete examination and clearance of the colon.