bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understory vegetation plays the key role in sustaining soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Chuang , Wang Huimin , Fu Xiaoli , Chen Fusheng , Wan Songze , Sun Xiaomin , Wen Xuefa , Wang Jifu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. While we know that understory vegetation affects the soil
microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activities in subtropical Chinese
fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests, we are less certain about the
degree of its influence. We determined the degree to which the soil abiotic
and biotic properties, such as PLFAs and extracellular enzyme activities,
were controlled by understory vegetation. We established a paired treatment
in a subtropical Chinese fir plantation, which comprised one plot from which
the understory vegetation and litter were removed (None) and another from
which the litter was removed but the understory vegetation was left intact
(Understory). We evaluated how the understory vegetation influenced the soil
abiotic properties, the bacterial, fungal, and actinobacterial PLFAs, and the
activities of five hydrolases and two oxidative enzymes. The dissolved
organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon, soil organic carbon,
ammonia nitrogen (NH4+–N), and total nitrogen contents and soil
moisture were 18 %, 25 %, 12 %, 34 %, 8 %, and 4 % lower in the
None treatments than in the Understory treatments, respectively (P<0.05).
Soil bacterial, fungal, and total PLFAs, and the potential activities of
β-1,4-glucosidase (βG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase,
phenol oxidase, and peroxidase, were as much as 24 % lower in None
treatments than in Understory treatments (P<0.05). The specific activities
of C-acquiring enzymes were as much as 41 % higher (P<0.05), and the
ratio of C- to N-acquiring enzymes was also higher in the None treatments
than in the Understory treatments. This suggests that in the absence of
understory vegetation microbes invested more in C acquisition than N
acquisition because the carbon (C) inputs were less labile. The negative
relationship between DOC and AP shows that DOC is consumed when P-acquiring
enzymes are produced. The positive correlation between NH4+–N
and βG suggested the increased availability of N promoted the
decomposition of C. More extracellular enzymes that degrade soil organic
matter are produced when there is understory vegetation, which leads to
losses of soil C. On the other hand, the soil C sink is maintained by
increased inputs of C. We can therefore conclude that understory vegetation
contributes to C sequestration in Chinese fir forests and suggest that
understory should be maintained to sustain soil quality in subtropical
Chinese fir plantations.
Diagnosis and Multimodal Treatment of Metastatic Maxillofacial Juvenile Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma in a Young Golden Retriever
Authors: Gillem Julie Marie , Sullivan Louise , Sorenmo Karin U. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
A 2 yr old male castrated golden retriever was evaluated for a rapidly progressing maxillofacial spindle cell tumor. On examination, an ill-defined left maxillary mass, a 2 cm swelling under the left eye, and an enlarged left mandibular lymph node were noted. The dog was bright and alert but appeared painful upon jaw extension. Cytology from the lymph node revealed metastatic disease. Thoracic radiographs and computed tomography scan revealed pulmonary nodules. Computed tomography of the head and neck revealed a 6.7 × 4.1 × 6.5 cm mass at the rostral aspect of the left zygomatic arch invading the orbit. A second opinion of the biopsy specimen in conjunction with positive immunohistochemical staining for desmin led to a revised diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Treatment consisted of three doses of palliative radiation therapy, in 8 Gy fractions, and chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. A rapid clinical response was noted shortly after treatment initiation; however, the response was temporary, and the dog was euthanized due to widespread metastatic disease and associated clinical signs 74 days after initial therapy. This is one of the first reports describing positive results from multimodal treatment with chemotherapy and radiation therapy of a maxillofacial juvenile rhabdomyosarcoma in the veterinary literature.
Plasma-Mediated Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation of Overlong Soft Palate in the Dog: A Pilot Study
Authors: Palierne Sophie , Meynaud Patricia , Bilmont Alexis , Delverdier Maxence , Semin Marie-Odile , Stieglitz Mailys , Riviere Guillaume , Autefage André 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to compare the clinical, biological, macroscopic, and histologic outcomes after resection of the soft palate by plasma-mediated bipolar radiofrequency ablation (PBRA) or traditional incisional techniques (incisional soft palate resection [INC]) in dogs.
Ten dogs were divided in two groups. In the INC group, the soft palate was incised with scissors and the wound was sutured in a continuous pattern. In the PBRA group, a wand was used to ablate the desired portion of the soft palate, without suture. Clinical, biological, macroscopic, and histologic assessments were scheduled over 14 days.
The duration of surgery was significantly shorter for the PBRA group. The C-reactive protein concentrations were significantly higher in the PBRA group at 6 hr and on day 3 (P &lt; .05) but with values very close to the baseline. C-reactive protein concentrations were maximal, but with low values (&lt;25 mg/L), at day 1 for both techniques. The irregularity scores for the soft palate caudal border on days 1, 3, and 14 were significantly higher in the INC group than in the PBRA group (P &lt; .05). The main histopathologic changes were the presence of superficial granulomas and a significantly greater depth of tissue damage in the INC group (2.5 ± 0.3 mm) compared with the PBRA group (1.5 ± 0.1 mm; P &lt; .05).
PBRA compared favorably with the traditional technique in terms of ease, duration of surgery, and depth of tissue damage. Future studies are warranted to validate its effectiveness for treating brachycephalic airway obstruction syndrome in dogs.
Postsurgical Outcome in Cats with Exocrine Pancreatic Carcinoma: Nine Cases (2007–2016)
Authors: Nicoletti Ryan , Chun Ruthanne , Curran Kaitlin M. , Lorimier Louis-Philippe de , Morges Michelle A. , Rau Suzanne , Zwehlen Courtney H. , Thamm Douglas H. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Feline exocrine pancreatic carcinoma has been reported to be an aggressive tumor with a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis. Studies reporting long-term outcome of cats after surgical removal of solitary pancreatic carcinomas are rare, due to the uncommon diagnosis and paucity of cats who undergo treatment. In this study, nine cases of feline exocrine pancreatic carcinoma from seven academic and private practice veterinary hospitals were reviewed to examine the outcome in cats undergoing surgical removal of the mass. The median postsurgical survival time for the nine cats was 316.5 days (range, 25–964 days), with three cats alive at a median follow-up time of 309 days. This study demonstrates that surgical removal of pancreatic exocrine tumors in cats with localized disease can result in survival times of over 300 days.
Proyecto Integración Regional, Universidad y Desarrollo Sostenible en Centroamérica (IRUDESCA)
Authors: Gago García Violeta 
Published: July 2018

El Proyecto Integración Regional, Universidad y Desarrollo Sostenible en Centroamérica IRUDESCA es un Proyecto auspiciado por la Unión Europea dentro del Programa Europeo de Educación, Formación, Juventud y Deporte, ERASMUS +. En el proyecto, participan 12 universidades de Centroamérica, el Consejo Superior Universitario de Centroamérica (CSUCA), el Centro Regional de Promoción de la Micro y Pequeña Empresa (CENPROMYPE). Además, por la parte europea, participan la Escuela Superior de Comercio de París (ESCP Europe, sede Madrid), la Universidad Camilo José Cela (España), Dinamia Sociedad Cooperativa (España) y el Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo - IPVC (Portugal), quien lidera y coordina este Proyecto.
La innovación en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua
Authors: Pereira Morales César 
Published: July 2018

La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua (UNAN-Managua) desde su Rectorado ha venido desarrollando, gestionando e impulsando diferentes iniciativas en pro de mejorar las competencias creativas en los estudiantes de grado de esta Alma Mater. Así lo establecen la Política de investigación e innovación de la UNAN Managua. Es por eso que se han desarrollados esfuerzo en pro de fortalecer una cultura innovadora, entre estos podemos destacar.
”Espelho, espelho meu”: reflexos do narcisismo na publicidade
Authors: Rabello de Moraes Bruna , Sagebin Albuquerque de Miranda Christiane Maria 
Published: July 2018

Este artigo discute a relação entre publicidade e narcisismo, a partir da teoria psicanalítica, visando problematizar a questão do sofrimento narcísico na atualidade. Pretende compreender a influência do contexto social na promoção ou perpetuação do sofrimento psíquico e o papel da publicidade nesse contexto. Para ilustrar o que é “vendido” além do real produto na publicidade foram utilizados nove slogans. Conclui-se que a constante imposição de ideais narcísicos inalcançáveis pela publicidade, somados a uma sociedade com sujeitos que se utilizam de defesas narcísicas, como forma de se protegerem da instabilidade e da insegurança, gera um crescente desinvestimento narcísico dos objetos e um incremento das pulsões libidinais voltadas ao próprio ego, resultando no que Green (1988) denomina “narcisismo de morte”.
Geografia e Ontologia Marxiana <p> Geography and Marxian Ontology <outra>
Authors: Rossi Rafael 
Published: July 2018

De modo geral a Geografia é tratada apenas do ponto de vista gnosiológico enquanto um ramo da ciência que se especializou no estudo das diferentes dimensões físicas, sociais e outras que produzem o espaço geográfico. Certamente a Geografia é, também, uma ciência própria, específica. Todavia, propomos neste artigo uma reflexão de ordem ontológica materialista a respeito da Geografia. Neste sentido, podemos compreendê-la enquanto um complexo universal, ou seja, ontológico do ser social. Para demonstrar a necessidade deste raciocínio e deste modo de encarar esta problemática, trazemos as contribuições do filósofo húngaro Gyrogy Lukács, em especial, no tocante à sua monumental Ontologia do Ser Social, pois nesta obra há reflexões imprescindíveis para a compreensão a respeito da constituição do mundo dos homens numa perspectiva eminentemente crítica, radical e revolucionária. AbstractIn general geography is treated just the gnoseological point of view, as a branch of science that specializes in the study of different physical, social and other that produces the geographical space. Certainly Geography is also a separate, specific science. However, in this article we propose a materialist ontological reflection on Geography. In this sense, we can understand it as a universal complex, ie the ontological social being. To demonstrate the need for this reason and this way of looking at this issue, we bring the contributions of the Hungarian philosopher Gyrogy Lukács, in particular with regard to its monumental Ontology of Social Being, because this work there are reflections essential for understanding on the formation of world of men in a highly critical perspective, radical and revolutionary.
Integrative description of Macrobiotus canaricus sp. nov. with notes on M. recens (Eutardigrada: Macrobiotidae)
Authors: Stec Daniel , Krzywański Łukasz , Michalczyk Łukasz 
Published: July 2018

In this paper we describe Macrobiotus canaricus sp. nov., a new tardigrade species of the Macrobiotus hufelandi group from the Canary Islands. Moreover, with the use of DNA sequencing, we confirm that Macrobiotus recens Cuénot, 1932 represents the hufelandi group, even though eggs laid by this species do not exhibit the typical hufelandi group morphology. Our study is based on both classical taxonomic methods that include morphological and morphometric analyses conducted with the use of light and scanning electron microscopy, and on the analysis of nucleotide sequences of four molecular markers (three nuclear: 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS-2, and one mitochondrial: COI). Our analyses revealed that M. canaricus sp. nov. is most similar to Macrobiotus almadai Fontoura et al., 2008 from the Archipelago of the Azores, from which it differs by the absence of granulation patches on the external and internal surfaces of legs I–III as well as by the absence of a cuticular pore in the centre of the external patch on legs I–III. Molecular sequences allowed us to pinpoint the phylogenetic positions of M. canaricus sp. nov. and M. recens within the M. hufelandi group.
The Diagnosis of Pleural Tumors Other Than Mesothelioma
Authors: Attanoos Richard Luther , Pugh Matthew Richard 
Published: July 2018

Context.—Pleural pathology has been dominated by discussions relating to the diagnosis, prognosis, etiology, and management of malignant mesothelioma. However, there exists a diverse group of other neoplasms that involve the pleura; the most common by far is metastatic carcinoma, usually of pulmonary origin. Other metastatic tumors of varied histogenesis do occur but are less common. Primary pleural neoplasms other than diffuse malignant mesothelioma are either uncommon or rare and have received less attention.Objective.—To provide a review of those diverse tumors that can involve the pleura other than mesothelioma in order to facilitate their accurate diagnosis.Data Sources.—Review of relevant literature published via PubMed and other search engines.Conclusions.—A wide variety of tumors can involve the pleura. In most cases, the approach of considering the morphologic features with appropriate immunohistochemistry, in the correct clinical context, allows for a confident diagnosis. For a number of those soft tissue tumors that are well recognized in the pleura, such as solitary fibrous tumor, desmoid-type fibromatosis, synovial sarcoma, and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, novel markers now exist based on an understanding of the individual tumors' molecular characteristics. Primary pleural lymphomas are rare with poor prognosis. They represent localized specific diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, with either post–germinal center B-cell or plasma cell lineage, arising in the context of either immunodeficiency or immune sequestration and with viral infection.
Marijuana Use by Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gupta Sheila , Fellows Kelly , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Hagemeier Jesper , Zivadinov Robert , Ramanathan Murali 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background:
With social attitudes about marijuana changing and patients sometimes seeking nonmainstream treatment options, the main goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of, and factors associated with, marijuana use by patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods:
Adult patients with MS (n = 521) and controls (n = 279) from a study of clinical, neuroimaging, genetic, and environmental factors in MS progression were included. Patients with MS stated whether they had ever used marijuana before MS diagnosis, after MS diagnosis, and in the preceding 3 months as part of an in-person questionnaire. The control group stated whether they had ever used marijuana and in the preceding 3 months.

Results:
The percentage of patients with MS reporting ever use of marijuana was 39.9%, compared with 32.7% of controls. Marijuana use in the preceding 3 months was significantly more prevalent among patients with MS (9.4%) compared with controls (0.4%) (P &lt; .001). Marijuana use was most prevalent in male patients with MS (P = .004) and in patients with MS who used complementary and alternative medicine (P = .045). Cigarette smoking was associated with marijuana use in patients with MS (P &lt; .001) and controls (P = .001). Increasing age was associated with decreasing prevalence of marijuana use in the patients with MS (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients with MS are more likely to report recent marijuana use than are people without MS. Owing to potential adverse effects, marijuana use by patients with MS may warrant vigilance by MS caregivers, given shifting social attitudes and the trend towards legalization of marijuana in the United States.
Hip muscular strength balance is associated with running economy in recreationally-trained endurance runners
Authors: Silva Wallace A. , de Lira Claudio Andre B. , Vancini Rodrigo L. , Andrade Marilia S. 
Published: July 2018

Background
The percentage of sustained maximal oxygen uptake and the running economy are important factors that determine the running success of endurance athletes. Running economy is defined as the oxygen uptake required to run at a given speed and depends on metabolic, cardiorespiratory, biomechanical, neuromuscular, and anthropometric factors. With regard to anthropometric characteristics, total body mass seems to be a crucial factor for the running economy. Moreover, neuromuscular components, especially knee muscular strength and the strength balance ratio, also seem to be critical for the running economy. In addition to knee muscle strength, hip muscle strength is also an important contributor to running performance on level or hilly ground. However, the relationship between running economy and the hip muscles is unknown. Thus the aim of the present study was to verify whether hip flexor and extensor isokinetic peak torque, the isokinetic strength balance ratio, total body mass and fat free mass were associated with running economy in both sexes and to compare sex differences in physical fitness and isokinetic strength characteristics.

Methods
A total of 24 male (31.0 ± 7.7 years, 176.2 ± 7.3 cm, and 70.4 ± 8.4 kg) and 15 female (31.3 ± 6.7 years, 162.9 ± 3.9 cm, and 56.0 ± 5.3 kg) recreationally-trained endurance runners were recruited. Maximal oxygen uptake, running economy, conventional (concentric flexors-to-concentric extensors) and functional (concentric flexors-to-eccentric extensors) hip isokinetic strength balance ratios, peak torque of the hip flexor and extensor muscles, total body mass, and fat-free mass were measured. Running economy was assessed on two separate days by means of the energy running cost (Ec) using a motorized treadmill at 10.0 and 12.0 km h−1 (3% gradient) and 11.0 and 14.0 km h−1 (1% gradient).

Results
The functional balance ratio was significantly and negatively associated with Ec at 11.0 (r = − 0.43, P = 0.04) and 12.0 km h−1 (r = − 0.65, P = 0.04) when using a 3% gradient in male runners. Considering muscular strength, male runners only showed a significant relationship between Ec (assessed at 12 km h−1 and a 3% gradient) and peak torque for extensor muscle eccentric action (r = 0.72, P = 0.04). For female runners, only peak torque relative to total body mass for extensor muscles (180° s−1) was positively associated with Ec when assessed at 10 km h−1 using a 3% gradient (r = 0.59, P = 0.03). No significant relationships were found between Ec and total body mass or fat-free mass.

Discussion
Given that the functional balance ratio was associated with a better Ec, coaches and athletes should consider implementing a specific strengthening program for hip flexor muscles to increase the functional ratio.
Hepatic autotaxin overexpression in infants with biliary atresia
Authors: Udomsinprasert Wanvisa , Vejchapipat Paisarn , Klaikeaw Naruemon , Chongsrisawat Voranush , Poovorawan Yong , Honsawek Sittisak 
Published: July 2018

Background
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted glycoprotein that is involved in the development of hepatic fibrogenesis via the enzymatic production of lysophosphatidic acid. The aim of this study was to investigate hepatic expression of ATX in biliary atresia (BA) compared with non-BA liver controls and to examine the association between ATX expression and clinical outcome in BA.

Methods
Liver specimens from BA infants (n = 20) were compared with samples from infants who underwent liver biopsy for reasons other than BA (n = 14) and served as controls. Relative mRNA and protein expression of ATX were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Masson’s Trichrome staining was performed to determine the degree of liver fibrosis.

Results
Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated overexpression of ATX mRNA in BA livers. In immunohistochemical evaluation, ATX was positively stained on the hepatic parenchyma and the biliary epithelium in BA patients, as compared to non-BA controls. The immunostaining score of ATX in BA livers was also significantly higher than that observed in non-BA livers (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that ATX expression in the patients with poor outcomes was significantly greater than in those with good outcomes (P = 0.03). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between hepatic ATX expression and Metavir fibrosis stage in BA livers (r = 0.79, P < 0.001).

Discussion
This study found that mRNA and protein expression of ATX were increased in BA livers. High hepatic ATX expression at the time of Kasai operation was associated with liver fibrosis and outcome in BA, suggesting that ATX may serve a role as a promising biomarker of the prognosis in biliary atresia.
Nanoparticle‐mediated HMGA1 Silencing Promotes Lymphocyte Infiltration and Boosts Checkpoint Blockade Immunotherapy for Cancer
Authors: Wang Ying , Song Wantong , Hu Mengying , An Sai , Xu Ligeng , Li Jingjing , Kinghorn Karina A. , Liu Rihe , Huang Leaf 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor most cancer types, only a minority of cancer patients respond to checkpoint inhibition therapy. T lymphocyte infiltration is critically important for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. High expression of high mobility group protein A1 (HMGA1) is observed in rapidly proliferating neoplastic cells, and is reported to contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the tumor. Herein, whether the silencing of HMGA1 using a nanoparticle (NP) approach could promote T lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor, and sensitize tumors to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in several orthotopic murine cancer models, which has high levels of HMGA1 but little T lymphocyte infiltration, is investigated. Selectively silencing HMGA1 using a lipid‐protamine‐hyaluronic acid‐siHMGA1 (LPH‐siHMGA1) NP system greatly enhances the lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor. Furthermore, the combination of LPH‐siHMGA1 and a locally expressed PD‐L1 inhibitor system, a lipid‐protamine‐DNA NP loaded with plasmid encoding the PD‐L1 trap fusion protein, significantly inhibits the tumor growth and prolonged survival. LPH‐siHMGA1 also decreased the content of stem cells in the tumor. These findings highlight the potential of targeting HMGA1, especially using a nano approach, in the combination with cancer immunotherapy, and provide a strategy for broadening the application and enhancing the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors.
Direct Reduction of Allylic Alcohols Using Isopropanol as Reductant
Authors: Sai Masahiro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe lithium cation‐catalyzed direct reduction of allylic alcohols to alkenes using isopropanol as a hydride donor was developed. The hydride transfer of the in situ‐generated lithium isopropoxide to an allylic cation is the key process in this transformation. The reaction generates only water and acetone as byproducts, which highlights the synthetic utility of this method.magnified image