bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Syntactic—Stylistic Critique of Interjections & Ideophones with Reference to the IsiZulu Novel
Authors: Sizwe Zwelakhe Dlamini  
Published: December 2024

Through the lenses of descriptive linguistics, interjections and ideophones are usually analysed separately from literature in the South African indigenous languages. Nothing much has been done so far to investigate these aspects through descriptive linguistics in context to literature. By investigating the syntactic features of interjections and ideophones, with reference to the IsiZulu novel genre, this paper seeks to harmonise literary criticism and linguistics. This study is theoretically and broadly grounded on linguistic stylistics, and it adopts Ngara’s linguistic proper format as the main theoretical base. With the analysis of four novels namely, Kungasa Ngifile, Ngidedele Ngife, Ngiyolibala Ngifile, and Inkululeko Engakhululekile, as primary sources, the study is done qualitatively through textual analysis. The findings of the study demonstrate that literary criticism and linguistics can co-exist even with reference to the isiZulu language as a case study. While interjections are discussed under the syntactic properties of them as complete sentences and auxiliaries in sentences, ideophones are discussed under the following sub – headings: Ideophones used with finite verbs, ideophones used with the verb stem -thi, and ideophones used independently. It is through these syntactic properties that the artistic or stylistic significance of interjections and ideophones in the novels are also demonstrated. Such an approach covers both the form (linguistic description) and function (literary significance) of interjections and ideophones.
Estimating Crop and Reference Evapotranspiration and Crop Factor and Some Growth Indicators for Wheat and Barley in Dhi Qar Governorate Using the CropWat Program
Authors: Yahya Ajib Oudah Al-Shami  , Hammadi Al-Budeiri Muntadher 
Published: December 2024

Information about the average water consumption or evapotranspiration of crops is the basis for scheduling irrigation and the water requirements of plants, and choosing the appropriate crops for the region in light. This experiment was carried out to evaluate and calculate the ability of the CropWat program to estimate evapotranspiration rates, and plant consumptive water use for strategic crops in Iraq, including wheat and barley in Dhi Qar Governorate. The results of the study showed that the maximum root depth ranged between 1.20 m, and 1.10 m in the distance between the vegetative growth and flowering stages for wheat and barley crops, respectively. It was also noted that the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) values decreased at the beginning of the growing season, ranging from 0.79 mm day–1 to 1.57 mm day–1 for wheat and barley crops, respectively. Then, the values increased with the progress of the growing season and the increase of the vegetative mass of the plants, reaching 3.72 mm day–1 and 3.46 mm day–1 for wheat and barley crops, respectively. The reference evapotranspiration (ETo) values were also low in the first months of the year and were around 2.1 mm day–1 at the beginning, then gradually increased with the progress of the months of the year, reaching the maximum reference evapotranspiration values of 10.5 mm day–1 in the seventh month, and then the values decreased at the end of the season for wheat and barley crops.
सुकरातका पाइला उपन्यासमा अभिघात
Authors: Aryal Ambika 
Published: December 2024

गोविन्दराज भट्टराईको ‘सुकरातका पाइला’ उपन्यासमा मानवनिर्मित स्रोत अर्थात् दसवर्षे जनयुद्ध, द्वन्द्व तथा हिंसाले निम्त्याएको दुर्घटनाका कारण देखापरेको शारीरिक एवम् मानसिक अभिघातलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । यस किसिमका अभिघातको प्रस्तुति केकसरी गरिएको छ भन्ने प्राज्ञिक समस्याको निरूपण गर्ने लक्ष्य यस लेखको रहेको छ । यस क्रममा विवेच्य उपन्यासको विश्लेषणका लागि केथी कारुथको अभिघातसम्बन्धी अवधारणालाई सैद्धान्तिक आधार मानिएको हुनाले यो लेख निगमनात्मक प्रवृत्तिको बनेको छ । पुस्तकालयीय कार्यबाट प्राथमिक तथा द्वितीयक सामग्री सङ्कलन गरी विश्लेषणात्मक पद्धतिको प्रयोग गरिएको यो लेख गुणात्मक प्रवृत्तिको बन्न पुगेको छ । प्राकृतिक एवम् मानवनिर्मित घटनाका कारणले मानिसमा पर्ने मानसिक चोट, दुःख, कष्ट एवम् सङ्कटको स्थिति अभिघात हो । दुःखदायी घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप देखा पर्ने शारीरिक तथा मानसिक क्षति तथा त्यसबाट निर्मित तनावको स्थिति र पीडाबोधलाई अभिघातका रूपमा लिन सकिन्छ । भट्टराईको प्रस्तुत उपन्यासको नायक अनन्त मानसिक अभिघातको सिकार बनेको पात्र हो । यस उपन्यासमा शारीरिक भन्दा मनोवैज्ञानिक रूपमा विक्षिप्त बनेका र डिप्रेसनमा पुगेर आत्महत्याको बाटो रोज्ने स्थितिलाई चित्रण गरिएको छ । कारुथको मान्यतामा अभिघातले विनाशतर्फ भन्दा भोक्तालाई जीवित राख्ने मार्ग देखाउनुपर्छ । उनले भनेझैँ नभएर यस उपन्यासमा अभिघात भोगिरहेको नायक अनन्तले आफ्नो जीवन आफैँबाट छिनेर आत्महत्याको बाटो रोजेको छ । यस उपन्यासमा अभिघातलाई शमन गर्ने भन्दा पनि पुनस्र्मृति गरी जीवनलाई नै बोझ ठान्ने पात्रको उपस्थिति मात्रै नभएर जीवन रहे सबैथोक रहन्छ भन्ने अस्तित्ववादी सोच बोकेका सुकरातजस्ता पात्रको उपस्थितिले केथी कारुथकै मतलाई समर्थन गरेको अवस्था पनि छ । तसर्थ मानवनिर्मित स्रोतबाट सिर्जित अभिघातका कारण शारीरिक र मानसिक दुर्दशा भोगिरहेका पात्रहरूले जीवन जिउने मार्ग देखाउने तथा निराश बनेर मृत्युलाई रोज्ने दुवै प्रवृत्तिको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेका छन् । यसरी ‘सुकरातका पाइला’ उपन्यासमा माओवादी सशस्त्र द्वन्द्वका कारण समस्यामा परेका पात्रहरूको जीवनको दुर्दशा र प्रियजनको वीभत्स हत्या देखेपछि सिर्जित मानसिक अभिघातले जीवनबाटै विमुख बनाउने स्थितिमा कसरी पु¥यायो भन्ने तथ्यलाई कलात्मक रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
دور الأدوات المالية في تمويل المشاريع الاستثمارية في القطاع الخاص
Authors: مؤيد جلوب عبد الحسين  , تميمة احمد الحسن  
Published: December 2024

الغرض الرئيسي من هذه الدراسة هو فهم دور الأدوات المالية في عملية تمويل المشاريع الاستثمارية في البنوك العراقية وتقييم مدى تأثير الأدوات المالية على عملية تمويل هذه. وقد اختار الباحث لهذه الدراسة أربعة متغيرات مستقلة الأدوات المالية والأبعاد الاربعة المرتبطة (المصداقية والكفاءة والابتكار والتطوير ) وثلاثة متغيرات تابعة في المشروع المالي والأبعاد المرتبطة به ( عوامل متعلقة بالعميل وعوامل متعلقة بموضوع القرض الاستثماري وعوامل متعلقة بالمشروع الاستثماري). وقد قام بتنظيم استبيان من 36 فقرة من أجل جمع الإجابات المناسبة لدراسة هذا الأثر. حيث تم جمع حوالي 100 إجابة على الاستبيان واجراء التحليل الإحصائي تم استخدام البرنامج الاحصائي SPSS V.25. وقد أظهرت النتائج وجود علاقة ارتباط معنوية بين الأدوات المالية وتمويل المشاريع الاستثمارية.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN IDENTITAS KEPENDUDUKAN DIGITAL (IKD) DALAM PENERBITAN ADMINISTRASI KEPENDUDUKAN DIGITAL DI KECAMATAN BUMI WARAS KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Authors: Djano Rizke Hulan , Suryani Eny Inti , Rahmaini Putri 
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 7 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Online Population Administration in Bumi Waras District. This research also aims to explain problems that arise in its implementation, as well as provide recommendations for improvements that can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of population services.This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Primary data was obtained through interviews and observations with users of population administration services, both through applications and websites. Secondary data was obtained through literature study and document study related to Permendagri guidelines and other related policies. The data analysis method involves data reduction, data presentation, as well as drawing conclusions and verification.The research results show that the implementation of ImplementasiKependudukan Digital (IKD) in Bumi Waras District is carried out through the "Digital Population Identity" application which allows online registration and verification. This online service involves the use of the Population Administration application and website in accordance with the guidelines of Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 7 of 2019. Even though there are several challenges, such as public awareness and investment in cyber security, the implementation ofIdentitasKependudukan Digital (IKD) has had a positive impact in the form of increasing efficiency, speed and accessibility of population services.
Modeling incident management processes in information security at an enterprise
Authors: Mityakov E. S. , Maksimova E. A. , Artemova S. V. , Bakaev A. A. , Vegera Zh. G. 
Published: December 2024

Objectives. The primary aim of the study is to develop a model for managing information security incidents within an enterprise that minimizes damage and costs associated with incident resolution under limited resources and time constraints.Methods. The paper analyzes existing approaches to managing information security incidents, including mathematical and simulation models, stochastic differential equations, Markov chains, and other methods. The study is based on a systems approach, incorporating analysis of incident parameters, actions for their resolution, response times, damages due to incident occurrence, and the probability of incident elimination. To validate the developed model, synthetic data reflecting various types of incidents and possible actions were used.Results. The proposed model optimizes incident management by minimizing damage and costs. It considers parameters such as incident criticality, available resources, response time, and the likelihood of successful incident resolution. Testing of the model on synthetic data showed that the proposed approach significantly improves the selection of optimal actions for responding to incidents in situations constrained by budget and time limitations, thereby enhancing the overall effectiveness of incident management.Conclusions. Implementing the proposed model in enterprises will improve the overall level of information security, enhance incident response efficiency, and strengthen information protection processes. This will ensure the minimization of risks associated with data leaks and other incidents, thus helping enterprises to make informed and timely decisions under conditions of limited resources and time.
AERO: Softmax-Only LLMs for Efficient Private Inference
Authors: Jha Nandan Kumar , Reagen Brandon 
Published: December 2024

The pervasiveness of proprietary language models has raised privacy concerns for users’ sensitive data, emphasizing the need for private inference (PI), where inference is performed directly on encrypted inputs. However, current PI methods face prohibitively higher communication and latency overheads, primarily due to nonlinear operations. In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis to understand the role of nonlinearities in transformer-based decoder-only language models. We introduce AERO, a four-step architectural optimization framework that refines the existing LLM architecture for efficient PI by systematically removing nonlinearities such as LayerNorm and GELU and reducing FLOPs counts. For the first time, we propose a Softmax-only architecture with significantly fewer FLOPs tailored for efficient PI. Furthermore, we devise a novel entropy regularization technique to improve the performance of Softmax-only models. AERO achieves up to 4.23\(\times\) communication and 1.94\(\times\) latency reduction. We validate the effectiveness of AERO by benchmarking it against the state-of-the-art.
Analisis Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat pada Produk Multiguna di KSPP Syariah Citra Pasundan Utama Bandung
Authors: Atje Reliyani , Rapida Ida 
Published: December 2024

Based on the results of observations and interviews, the background of this research is the fluctuating customers that occur in multipurpose products at KSPP Syariah Citra Pasundan Utama Bandung. In connection with this, the author wants to know the position of Multipurpose products by conducting a SWOT analysis. This study aims to determine Strengths, Weakness, Opportunity and threats on multipurpose products at KSPP Syariah Citra Pasundan Utama Bandung so that it can determine the strategy that must be carried out based on the results of EFAS and IFAS analysis.The object of this research aims to find out what are the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats contained in this multipurpose product. The type of research is descriptive qualitative, the type of data is the premier data collection technique in the form of observation, interviews, literature study and documentation study. The results showed that KSPP Syariah Citra Pasundan Utama Bandung's multipurpose products had: 6 items, 6 weaknesses, 6 opportunities, and 6 threats. The analysis results show that the position of multipurpose products is in quadrant I which is aggressive with the Strengths and Opportunity (S-O) pattern and there are 5 strategy points in it.
Conversational Implicature Analysis on Fast Five Movie
Authors: Sudrajat Muhamad Donny , Winarto Eline Rozaliya , Adiantika Hanif Nurcholish 
Published: December 2024

Movie is a medium that can easily attract human attention, in terms of image quality and storyline. However, not everyone is aware of the hidden meaning in conversation between the actors. This research was conducted to explore the hidden meaning of the conversation in Fast Five movie. The objective of this research is to find out and analyse the types of conversational implicature in Fast Five movie. Fast Five movie was directed by Justin Lin and released in 2011. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. Researcher employ himself as a research instruments by collecting, observing and analyzing the data. This research are expected to increase people’s ability to understand the hidden meaning of a conversation. Conversational implicature is divided into 2 categories, particularized implicature and generalized implicature. Besides, generalized implicature consists of indefinite implicature and scalar implicature. The result of this research are 10 data regarding Particularized Implicature, 4 data regarding Generalized Implicature, 5 data regarding Indefinite Implicature and 7 data regarding Scalar Implicature. The percentage obtained from the 4 types of Conversational Implicature are 39% found in Particularized Implicature, 15% found in Generalized Implicature, 19% found in Indefinite Implicature and 27% found in Scalar Implicature.
Exploratory Study of EFL Students’ Difficulties in Pronunciation at X1 Grade of a Senior High School in Bandung
Authors: Putri Rizka Rahil , Sakina Rahma , Arifin Riyadh Ahsanul 
Published: December 2024

Pronunciation is a fundamental part of the language-learning process. In order to speak meaningfully in real-world conversations, students require to be able to pronounce word sound properly. This research aims to explore the pronunciation difficulties faced by students of a private senior high school in Bandung and to find out what factors influenced their difficulties in pronunciation. A descriptive qualitative design method is used in this study. To collect the data, three techniques were used including observation, interview, and questionnaires. The findings highlight several difficulties faced by the students, namely substitution errors, voicing errors, difficulties with consonant voiced and unvoiced, and challenges related to stress, rhythm, and intonation patterns are identified as common challenges. These errors and difficulties are influenced by both internal and external factors such as; students' native language, learning environment, types of teachers, and methods applied. The results of this study are essential because they provide language teachers with insight into the elements that influence the pronunciation of English as a foreign language, as well as the opportunity to reflect on their own learning and teaching methods
Assessment the Effects of Heavy Elements on Some Hematological Parameter in CKD Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in Thi-Qar Province / Iraq .
Authors: Al-khafaji Noora , Bassim Y. Al-khafaji  , Dheyaa K. Al-Omar  
Published: December 2024

The present study aimed to assess the level of heavy elements (HEs) (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) in blood serum and their effects upon selected parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb and PLT.) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in Thi-Qar province Iraq. The study was from Sept 2022 until July 2023. Fifty samples of blood were taken from patients with CKD, whereas 25 samples were takenfrom healthy people (males and females as a control group. The patients and the controlroup ranged from (17-76) years. All the patients were submitted to the HD for (1-15) yeas in Al-Hussain Hospital in the mentioned province. The results showed that the sex ratio of the samples was more than 70% for males and 30% females respectively, and the high number of the patients with CKD was 48% for the advance age group (57-76). The mean concentration of (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) in the blood serum of patients pre HD were 0.065±0.018, 0.014±0.006, 0.016±0.008 and 1.041±0.38 mg/L respectively, Pb and Cd recorded the higher mean concentration, while Cu and Zn recorded lower concentration compared to the control group .The mean count of (WBC, RBC, Hb and PLT) were decreased , recorded 2.78±0.79, 3.06±0-54, 8.54±1.43 and 164.4±51.8 respectively , it concluded from the present study that the CKD affected the hematological parameters directly while HEs affected indirectly.
Assessment of Some Trace Elements in Workers’ Blood in Fuel Stations in Al-Nasiriyah City
Authors: Al tai Zainab Sabbar  Kadhem , Afrah Abid Maktoof  
Published: December 2024

Environmental pollution has become a major problem in the world, especially due to the rapid development of industries related to hydrocarbons such as fuels and polluting products. This situation is considered a serious threat to the environment and people due to its impact on human health and other living things. This study aimed to assess the trace element levels (Lead, Cadmium, Nickel, Arsenic) in the serum of workers in the fuel stations in central region of Thi-Qar Province. 60 people were selected from a group of workers in the age category (19 to 50 years), with work experience (1 to 5 years), some of whom were smokers and others were non-smokers. The study involved workers from three stations: ( Al-Raya, Al-Noor, and Thi-Qar). Control group incorporated from university students who were working remotely. The measurements were conducted at the laboratories of the Southern Technical College at Thi-Qar University. The statistical analysis revealed that the levels of the four metals (Pd >Ni > As > Cd) in individuals working at fuel stations are higher compared to the control group. In addition, the concentration of these metals in the blood of smokers is higher than that of non-smokers. The study also confirmed that all trace elements increase in the autumn season. Compared to the winter season, the concentration of trace elements in the autumn season was (20.3, 2.425, 2.068, 0.2.7) μg/dl, while their concentration in the winter was (14.4, 1.339, 1.218, 0.129) μg/dl. T
Are uncrewed aerial spraying systems the future for forestry pesticide application?
Authors: Richardson Brian 
Published: December 2024

Background: Pesticide application is a primary method for managing weeds, insect pests and pathogens in New Zealand’s forests. Apart from some manual spot spraying, most pesticide applications are made using helicopters, with herbicides the most widely used pesticide class. Current aerial application practices have evolved into efficient operations designed to provide a balance between performance criteria, i.e. maximising treatment efficacy, minimising unwanted environmental impacts (e.g. spray drift), and maximising productivity while minimising cost. Over the last decade, there has been a proliferation of relatively small, battery-powered, multi-rotor uncrewed aerial spraying systems (UASS) but their use to date in New Zealand forestry has been limited. This paper assesses the potential role of UASS in forest management and, where opportunities exist, identifies barriers slowing their adoption.
Methods: Publications on spray application in New Zealand forestry and use of UASS in both New Zealand and internationally were identified by conducting a Google Scholar literature search using a range of relevant keywords, and the retrieved studies were reviewed systematically. Unpublished reports from the New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd and Forest Growers Research Ltd were also considered. Information from the reviews was assessed critically, synthesised, and used to evaluate several potential forestry use cases for UASS.
Results: Several potential use cases for UASS were identified along with a set of research and development needs to support and accelerate the adoption of UASS into forest management operations and to provide regulators with the means to apply appropriate risk management measures. Based on the literature analysis, the opportunity for UASS, at least in the near term, is to realise the concept of ‘precision spraying’ rather than to replace conventional aircraft carrying out broadcast applications over large areas.
Conclusions: Recent UASS technology improvements have provided the potential for a step-change for at least some pesticide application niches within New Zealand forestry. Significant opportunities for UASS in forestry include herbicide spot spraying, treatment of boundaries close to sensitive areas, low-volume fungicide or insecticide applications, especially for small areas or in pest eradication operations; and applying variable treatments to individual plants or zones within a target area defined by remote sensing tools. A coordinated research and development programme is needed to optimise UASS use and to provide performance data to underpin regulatory processes.