bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Electronic Prescribing Incidents Reported by Community Pharmacists
Authors: Hincapie Ana L. , Alamer Ahmad , Sears Julie , Warholak Terri L. , Goins Semin , Weinstein Sara Danielle 
Published: June 2019

Background Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) technology was introduced as an alternative to handwritten prescriptions allowing health care professionals to send prescriptions directly to pharmacies. While the technology has many advantages, such as improving pharmacy workflow and reducing medication errors, some limitations have been realized.
Objective The objective of this study was to examine the frequency, type, and contributing factors of e-prescribing quality-related incidents reported to two national error-reporting databases in the United States.
Methods This was a retrospective analysis of voluntarily reports of e-prescribing quality-related incidents. A quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted of incidents reported between 2011 and 2015 to the Pharmacy Quality Commitment (PQC) and the Pharmacy Provider e-prescribing Experience Reporting Portal (PEER) databases. For the qualitative analysis, events were combined from the PQC and PEER portal and a 10% random sample of events were analyzed.
Results A total of 589 events were reported to the PEER Portal. Of these, problems with patient directions were the most frequent incident type (n = 210) of which 10% (n = 21) reached the patient. Quantity selection (n = 158) and drug selection (n = 96) were the next most frequently reported events, 20% of which reached the patient. The PQC system received 550 reports. The most frequent event type reported to this system was incorrect directions (23.3%, n = 128) followed by incorrect prescriber (17%), incorrect drug (15%), and incorrect strength (12%). The most common theme in the qualitative analysis was a perceived increased likelihood of patient receiving incorrect drug therapy due to e-prescribing. Another theme identified included confusion and frustration of pharmacy personnel as result of e-prescription quality-related events.
Conclusion The use of qualitative and quantitative incident data revealed that patient directions and quantity selection were the most common quality issues with e-prescribing. In turn, this may increase the likelihood of patients receiving incorrect drug therapy.
Neonates Effects and Tolerability of Treprostinil in Hypertension with Persistent Pulmonary
Authors: Jozefkowicz Mariela , Haag Dora Fabiana , Mazzucchelli María Teresa , Salgado Gladys , Fariña Diana 
Published: June 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to establish the effects of treprostinil in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients with persistent pulmonary hypertension (PHT) after 1 week of treatment. Drug effects were assessed by oxygenation index (OI), clinical end points, serial biochemical markers, and pre- and posttreatment echocardiogram. Treatment complications were also described.
Study Design This is a quasi-experimental study of neonates with PHT admitted to the NICU within 48 hours showing persistent clinical instability, receiving mechanical ventilation with FiO2 > 60%, milrinone therapy, and inhaled nitric oxide. Clinical data were compared before and after treprostinil treatment.
Results Seventeen neonates met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 17 days. Before treatment, median OI was 20 (IQR: 12–27). Suprasystemic PHT was estimated by echocardiogram in 8/17 patients; the rest were systemic. After 1 week of treatment, 15/17 patients were alive and median OI was 8 (IQR: 5–12, p = 0.0089). There were no statistically significant changes in laboratory data. Echocardiogram still showed suprasystemic PHT in 20% of patients. Adverse effects included hypotension, hematoma at the infusion site, and surgical persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure in 4/17 patients. Fourteen patients were discharged. The median treatment time was 61 days.
Conclusion Treprostinil was well tolerated with satisfactory clinical response. Further studies are required to identify early responder subgroups.
Management of Breech Presentation: A Comparison of Four National Evidence-Based Guidelines
Authors: Tsakiridis Ioannis , Mamopoulos Apostolos , Athanasiadis Apostolos , Dagklis Themistoklis 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective The management of breech presentation may improve perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to synthesize and compare published evidence of four national guidelines on breech presentation.
Study Design A descriptive review of four recently published national guidelines on breech presentation and external cephalic version (ECV) was conducted: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists guideline on “External Cephalic Version and Reducing the Incidence of Term Breech Presentation” and “Management of Breech Presentation”, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists guideline on “External Cephalic Version” and “Mode of Term Singleton Breech Delivery,” Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada guideline on “Vaginal Delivery of Breech Presentation” and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists guideline on “Management of breech presentation at term.”
Results Regarding ECV, there is no recommendation by the SOGC, whereas all other national guidelines recommend this technique. Regarding breech vaginal delivery, there are limited recommendations by the ACOG, whereas all other guidelines provide similar recommendations. The RANZCOG makes no special recommendations on the intrapartum period.
Conclusion The differences among national guidelines point out the need for the adoption of an international consensus on the management of breech presentation.
Stimulated emission, photoluminescence, and localisation of nonequilibrium charge carriers in ultrathin (monolayer) GaN/AlN quantum wells
Authors: Lutsenko E.V. , Rzheutski M.V. , Nagorny A.V. , Danilchyk A.V. , Nechaev D.V. , Jmerik V.N. , Ivanov S.V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The stimulated emission and photoluminescence of ultrathin GaN quantum wells with a nominal thickness of 1.5 – 2 monolayers (MLs) and AlN barrier layers 4 – 6.66 ML thick, obtained by plasma-activated molecular beam epitaxy on c-sapphire substrates, are studied. The stimulated emission of TE polarisation in ultrathin GaN/AlN quantum wells is obtained under pumping directly into quantum wells. The wavelength of stimulated emission varied from 262 to 290 nm, depending on the thickness of the wells and barriers. It is shown that stimulated emission is achieved on localised GaN states with a thickness of 2 and 3 ML in ultrathin quantum wells with a nominal thickness of 1.5 and 2 ML, respectively. The minimum excitation threshold of stimulated emission was 700 kW cm−2 at λ = 270 nm.
Electronic and optical properties of hybrid GaN/por-Si(111) heterostructures
Authors: Seredin P.V. , Goloshchapov D.L. , Zolotukhin D.S. , Lenshin A.S. , Mizerov A.M. , Arsent’ev I.N. , Leiste H. , Rinke M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA MBE) of nitrogen, we obtained integrated heterostructures based on a self-ordered array of GaN nanocolumns on Si substrates with a sufficiently uniform distribution of diameters, which subsequently coalesced into a 2D layer. The use of a ‘compliant’ por-Si substrate for GaN synthesis using PA MBE allowed us to obtain a crack-free GaN layer, prevent the Ga-Si etching process, maintain a sharp smooth Si – GaN interface, and also partially suppress the generation of tensile stresses caused by cooling the heterostructure from growth temperature to room temperature by its relaxation at the Si – GaN nanoporous interface, which had a positive effect on its optical properties in the UV region.
Effect of (Al)GaAs/AlGaAs quantum confinement region parameters on the threshold current density of laser diodes
Authors: Ladugin M.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
An approach has been proposed for choosing parameters (width and depth) of an (Al)GaAs/AlGaAs quantum confinement region via calculation of the threshold current density of a semiconductor laser. A detailed assessment of its components has made it possible to find criteria for optimising the range of quantum well widths so as to minimise the threshold current for lasers with different heterostructure geometries. The data presented in this paper demonstrate the feasibility of further improving output characteristics of semiconductor lasers by optimising the design and technology of quantum well heterostructures. Owing to this, we have simultaneously reduced the threshold current, carrier escape and internal optical loss, which has allowed us to obtain high (60 % to 70 %) efficiencies of a semiconductor laser operating in the spectral range 800 – 850 nm.
Quantum dot lasers with asymmetric barrier layers: Close-to-ideal threshold and power characteristics
Authors: Asryan L.V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A theory of static (threshold and power) characteristics of novel diode lasers – quantum dot (QD) lasers with asymmetric barrier layers (ABLs) – is developed. The barrier layers are asymmetric in that they have considerably different heights for the carriers of opposite signs. The ABL located on the electron- (hole-) injecting side of the structure provides a low barrier (ideally no barrier) for electrons (holes) [so that it does not prevent electrons (holes) from easily approaching the active region] and a high barrier for holes (electrons) [so that holes (electrons) injected from the opposite side of the structure do not overcome it]. The use of ABLs should thus ideally prevent the simultaneous presence of electrons and holes (and hence parasitic electron – hole recombination) outside the QDs. It is shown in this work that in such a case of total suppression of parasitic recombination, the QD lasers with ABLs offer close-to-ideal performance: the threshold current density is below 10 A cm−2 at any temperature, the absolute value of the characteristic temperature is above 1000 K (which manifests a virtually temperature-independent operation), the internal differential quantum efficiency is practically unity, and the light – current characteristic is linear at any pump current.
A metasurface comprising spiral shaped local resonators for surface acoustic waves
Authors: Kyrimi V , Ash B J , Nash G R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The interaction of Rayleigh waves, propagating on lithium niobate, with a metasurface consisting of a square array of spiral-like vertical oscillators is investigated. We observe confinement of the acoustic energy throughout the height of the oscillators and note that this confinement also takes place at relatively low frequencies compared to circularly symmetric resonators of similar dimensions. A transmission study reveals that the bandgap attenuation is large (~25 dB) at both high and low frequencies, a characteristic that could be exploited in the design of new RF filters.
Atomically thin α-In2Se3: an emergent two-dimensional room temperature ferroelectric semiconductor
Authors: Li Yue , Gong Ming , Zeng Hualing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Room temperature ferroelectric thin films are the key element of high-density nonvolatile memories in modern electronics. However, with the further miniaturization of the electronic devices beyond the Moore’s law, conventional ferroelectrics suffer great challenge arising from the critical thickness effect, where the ferroelectricity is unstable if the film thickness is reduced to nanometer or single atomic layer limit. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, thanks to their stable layered structure, saturate interfacial chemistry, weak interlayer couplings, and the benefit of preparing stable ultra-thin film at 2D limit, are promising for exploring 2D ferroelectricity and related device applications. Therefore, it provides an effective approach to overcome the limitation in conventional ferroelectrics with the study of 2D ferroelectricity in van der Waals (vdW) materials. In this review article, we briefly introduce recent progresses on 2D ferroelectricity in layered vdW materials. We will highlight the study on atomically thin α-In2Se3, which is an emergent ferroelectric semiconductor with the coupled in-plane and out-of-plane ferroelectricity. Furthermore, two prototype ferroelectric devices based on ferroelectric α-In2Se3 will also be reviewed.
Growth of oxidation-resistive silicene-like thin flakes and Si nanostructures on graphene
Authors: Yue Naili , Myers Joshua , Su Liqin , Wang Wentao , Liu Fude , Tsu Raphael , Zhuang Yan , Zhang Yong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We report the growth of Si nanostructures, either as thin films or nanoparticles, on graphene substrates. The Si nanostructures are shown to be single crystalline, air stable and oxidation resistive, as indicated by the observation of a single crystalline Si Raman mode at around 520 cm–1, a STM image of an ordered surface structure under ambient condition, and a Schottky junction with graphite. Ultra-thin silicon regions exhibit silicene-like behavior, including a Raman mode at around 550 cm–1, a triangular lattice structure in STM that has distinctly different lattice spacing from that of either graphene or thicker Si, and metallic conductivity of up to 500 times higher than that of graphite. This work suggests a bottom-up approach to forming a Si nanostructure array on a large-scale patterned graphene substrate that can be used to fabricate nanoscale Si electronic devices.
The relativistic implicit Particle-in-Cell method
Authors: Bacchini Fabio , Amaya Jorge , Lapenta Giovanni 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Relativistic Particle-in-Cell (PiC) methods are among the most reliable methods for the investigation of plasma phenomena at the particle scale. Standard explicit and semi-implicit PiC methods are affected by numerical instabilities that restrain the range of admissible simulation parameters, and prevent their application to large domains over long time scales. Here, we present a three-dimensional, fully-implicit algorithm for relativistic PiC simulations that conserves energy exactly (to machine precision) and eliminates numerical instabilities, allowing long-term calculations. We describe the full numerical solution procedure and test the algorithm with several one-and two-dimensional case-studies of kinetic instabilities, comparing the results with theoretical predictions.
Conservation of Gravitational Energy
Authors: Hanawa Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The total energy of an astronomical system is of great interest since the evolution of the system depends on it. Hence we solve the hydrodynamical equations by taking account of the conservation in numerical simulations of astrophysical objects. However, gravitational energy is often taken into account as a source term, and the total energy including gravity is not guaranteed to be conserved. This is partly because it increases the computational cost to solve hydrodynamical equations in the fully conservative form, i.e., those without any source term. This paper shows that the total energy and momentum of a system are fully conserved if the source terms due to gravity are properly taken into account. The error in the total energy is reduced as small as the round-off error. The method is applicable both when the gravitational force is given by the Poisson equation or explicitly as a function. The former case is confirmed by numerical simulations of 2D fragmentation of a self-gravitating gas. This method is applicable not only to the Cartesian uniform grid but an octree grid often used in adaptive mesh refinement.
Simulating 3-D Stellar Hydrodynamics using PPM and PPB Multifluid Gas Dynamics on CPU and CPU+GPU Nodes
Authors: Woodward Paul R. , Lin Pei-Hung , Mao Huaqing , Andrassy Robert , Herwig Falk 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The special computational challenges of simulating 3-D hydrodynamics in deep stellar interiors are discussed, and numerical algorithmic responses described. Results of recent simulations carried out at scale on the NSF’s Blue Waters machine at the University of Illinois are presented, with a special focus on the computational challenges they address. Prospects for future work using GPU-accelerated nodes such as those on the DoE’s new Summit machine at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are described, with a focus on numerical algorithmic accommodations that we believe will be necessary.
Challenges and improvements in applying a particle image velocimetry (PIV) approach to granular flows
Authors: Sarno Luca , Tai Yih-Chin , Carravetta Armando , Martino Riccardo , Nicolina Papa Maria , Kuo Chih-Yu 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a well-established non-invasive optical technique for measuring the velocity field in fluids. Recently, the PIV approach has been extended to granular flows, where the medium under investigation is composed of a discrete number of grains that are typically non-transparent and of super-millimetric size. Granular PIV (g-PIV) still represents a non-standard application, as some accuracy concerns arise. In particular, since granular flows can be highly sheared, the choice of appropriate interrogation windows for the PIV analysis is not trivial. As well, owing to the spatially-averaged nature of the PIV approach, the estimation of second-order statistics remains a very challenging task. Here, we report a laboratory investigation on dry granular flows composed of glass spheres in a rotating drum. The velocity measurements at the sidewall are obtained by using a window deformation multi-pass PIV approach, where the open-source code PIVlab has been specifically used. Different combinations of the number of PIV passes and of interrogation windows are investigated. A slightly modified version of PIVlab allowed us to carry out g-PIV calculations with an arbitrary number of passes (i.e. greater than 4). Comparisons among different analyses helped us to identify reliable settings for g-PIV applications.
Wall pressure analysis and Background Oriented Schlieren visualization on jet-flat plate interaction
Authors: Meloni Stefano , de Paola Elisa , Di Marco Alessandro , Fagotto Andrea , Camussi Roberto 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The interaction between a jet close to the sonic condition and a tangential flat plate was investigated. Measurements have been carried out in the semi-anechoic chamber of the Fluid Dynamic laboratory at the University Roma Tre. The converging nozzle has a conical shape and an outlet diameter of about D=12 mm. Wall pressure fluctuations are acquired at axial distances ranging between 1 < x/D < 6. Measurements are repeated for two different radial positions of the flat plate(H/D = 2 and H/D = 0.75) and they are performed at Mj
= 0.9 and Mj
= 1 in slightly under-expanded conditions until NPR = 1.94. Fluctuating pressure data are analyzed in time and frequency domain and compared with the flow visualization images obtained through a Background Oriented Schlieren technique. The investigation leaded to deepen the phenomena underlying the interaction between the planar surface and the high-speed jet, clarifying the influence on the shock cell structure.
Assessment of potable water quality in Balad city, Iraq
Authors: Mahmood Wesam , Ismail Alhassan H. , Shareef Muntasir A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe assessment of the quality of tap water is very important to explore its fit for drinking, especially for developing countries. In the present paper, tap water quality evaluation has been carried out in the Balad city, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. A total of 17 tap water samples were collected from the city and analysed for various physicochemical and biological parameters, namely, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total hardness (TH), calcium magnesium, chloride and total coliform (TC). Suitability of water for drinking was evaluated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards. Spot maps were also generated using GIS to identify the spatial distribution of tap water quality parameters. The results revealed that the tap water is fit for drinking purpose regarding bacteriological pollution. Physicochemical parameters concentration of water samples were within standards except for turbidity. This parameter was highly exceeding the limits (5 NTU) in all tap water samples. Generally, tap water in the Balad city may pose risks to the health of people using it for drinking purposes. Moreover, cluster analysis revealed that the distribution system might affect the quality of tap water in the study area.
Effect of Steel Fiber on Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Mechanical Properties of Self-Compact Light Weight Concrete
Authors: AL-Ridha Ahmed S D , Ibrahim Ali Kadhim , AL-Taweel Hayder Mohammed , Dheyab Layth Sahib 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this research, an attempt has been made to study the velocity of ultra-sonic pulse Velocity (UPV) transmitted through self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLC) with and without steel fiber (SF) for different specimen lengths (i.e. 100 mm cubes and 200 mm cylinders). Two volume fractions of SF “0.4%” and “0.8%”(as an indication to steel fiber content (SFC) were also studied to explore their contributor role. It was found that, for the (100 mm) cubic specimens and the (200 mm) cylindrical specimens, the UPV increment with increasing SFC, but the percentage of increase is higher in cylinders than in cubes. It was also found that, for the same SF volume fraction, the UPV in the SCLC, increases with the decreasing of specimen length, from (200 mm) cylinders to (100 mm) cubes. The percentage of this increase decreases with the increment of SFC. The influence of SF on three mechanical properties of the SCLC (namely: the compressive strength, the splitting tensile strength, and the bulk density) was also studied. It was found that the three mentioned properties are enhanced with the increment of SFC, but this increase is moderately in compressive strength, extremely in tensile strength, and slightly in bulk density.
Towards a more relevance university campus with its biosphere based on LEED - Case study: Technology Institute campus / Baghdad
Authors: Jaber Al-Bakry Hiyam Majeed , Abbas Suha Mnati 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
“US LEED” is the most important for transformation towards sustainable building design and existing building. “LEED” is a voluntary, consensus-based green building standard, also is a rating system. After the United States, many countries adopted “LEED” standards, because of its popularity, where it has been developed and commensurate with its environment and capabilities. Here the problem of the research is represented, and can be formulated with the following question: Where is Iraq from the experience of the “LEED” rating system? And is it possible to approach the “LEED” system and our architectural reality with all its components compatible with its biosphere? The aim of the research is to introduce the “LEED” standard and to formulate a theoretical approach that can be applied using “LEED” standards to improve the efficiency of educational buildings in Iraq so that they become more sustainable and in harmony with their biosphere. The practical part of the research applied on one of the educational complexes in Baghdad, Baghdad Institute of Technology - and evaluated according to “LEED” system. The research follows the descriptive analytical method in its interlocutor. The research concludes with the conclusions and recommendations needed to raise the level of educational buildings.