bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of Mad2 and BubR1 increase the malignant potential and nocodazole resistance by compromising spindle assembly checkpoint signaling pathway in cervical carcinogenesis
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Jian , Jin Yubiao , Zheng Jun , Yang Yongbin , Xi Xiaowei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo explore the involvement of Mad2 and BubR1 in cervical carcinogenesis.MethodsThe expressions of Mad2 and BubR1 in tissues of high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and chronic cervicitis were analyzed immunohistochemistrily and compared with those of p16INK4A. PEGFP‐Mad2 and pEGFP‐BubR1 were transfected into SiHa cells to overexpress Mad2 and BubR1 and Si‐RNAs to knockdown. Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay. Migration and invasion capabilities were detected by Transwell. Propidium iodide staining with flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and apoptosis was detected using Annexin V/7‐AAD staining after nocodazole treatment.ResultsThe expression of Mad2 was significantly lower in HSIL than those in chronic cervicitis and LSIL, however, the expression of BubR1 showed no significant differences. To detect HSIL in cervical lesions, Mad2 had a sensitivity of 88.44% and a specificity of 87.23%, Mad2 was less sensitive and more specific than p16INK4a. In SiHa cells, knockdown of Mad2 and BubR1 increased cell growth, reinforced invasion capacity and migration potency, inhibited apoptosis and decreased G2‐phase distribution after nocodazole treatment. Oppositely, the overexpression strategies made cells show decreased malignant behaviors, raised apoptosis and increased G2‐phase distribution.ConclusionMad2 negativity was specific to identify HSIL immunohistochemistrily. Downregulation of Mad2 and BubR1 increase the malignant behavior and nocodazole resistance of SiHa cells via causing spindle assembly checkpoint defect. This mechanism may contribute to cervical carcinogenesis and resistance to microtubule‐targeting drugs.
Luminal 5‐HT4 receptors—A successful target for prokinetic actions
Authors: Gwynne Rachel M. , Bornstein Joel C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe prokinetic effects of 5‐HT4 receptor (5‐HT4R) agonists have been utilized clinically for almost three decades to relieve symptoms of constipation. Surprisingly, the mechanism(s) of action of these compounds is still being debated. Recent studies highlight luminal 5‐HT4Rs as an alternative and effective target for these prokinetic agents. These include the study by Shokrollahi et al (2019, Neurogastroenterol Motil, e13598) published in the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, who found that activation of mucosal 5‐HT4Rs by intraluminal prucalopride, significantly enhanced propulsive motor patterns in rabbit colon. The authors highlight the idea that development of agonists targeting luminal 5‐HT4Rs in the colonic mucosa might be more effective and safer in achieving prokinetic effects on intestinal motility. The purpose of this mini‐review is to discuss the evidence for luminal 5‐HT4Rs as an emerging target for prokinetic agents in facilitating propulsive motor patterns in the colon.
Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction on manometry: Outcomes and lack of benefit from CT and EUS
Authors: Liu Andy , Woo Matthew , Nasser Yasmin , Gupta Milli , Buresi Michelle C. , Curley Michael , Li Dorothy Y. , Wilsack Lynn , Andrews Christopher N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundEsophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is a manometric diagnosis based on the Chicago Classification defined by inadequate relaxation of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) with swallowing, but with sufficient peristalsis such that the criteria for achalasia are not met. Possible causes include anatomical and functional etiologies. Further investigations, including computed tomography (CT) of the chest and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), to help elucidate the etiology of EGJOO have been suggested, but the utility of this approach has not been proven.MethodsAll new diagnoses of EGJOO made in the calendar years 2015‐2016 were included. A review was performed for each patient to assess clinical outcomes, diagnostic, and therapeutic interventions after the EGJOO diagnosis.Key Results107 EGJOO patients were included. Their primary complaints were dysphagia (68%), chest pain (12%), reflux (8%), pre‐operative assessment (6%), regurgitation (3%), and cough (3%). The mean IRP was 21.8 mm Hg. After a mean follow‐up period of 463 days, the etiology of EGJOO remained undetermined in 67% of patients. 48% of patients were investigated with cross‐sectional imaging (and 10% with EUS to rule out external compression or malignancy as a cause of EGJOO; none of these tests provided any further useful information). In only two cases did the EGJOO progress to achalasia.Conclusions & InferencesEGJOO is a manometric diagnosis with unclear clinical significance and outcome. CT and EUS of the GEJ were unhelpful at determining the cause of this entity. In this series, very few appear to progress to achalasia, none were due to malignancy, and many resolved spontaneously.
Public health nurse delivered group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for postpartum depression: A pilot study
Authors: Van Lieshout Ryan J. , Layton Haley , Feller Andrea , Ferro Mark A. , Biscaro Anne , Bieling Peter J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesAlthough postpartum depression (PPD) affects 1 in 5 women, just 15% receive treatment. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) is a first‐line treatment for PPD. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of public health nurse (PHN)‐delivered group CBT for PPD and to determine preliminary estimates of effect.DesignA pre–posttest design was used. Participants provided data before and after the CBT groups.SampleSeven women who were over the age of 18 and had given birth in the past year participated.MeasurementsFeasibility and acceptability focused on PHN training, recruitment, retention, and adherence to the intervention. Participants provided data on depression, worry, health care utilization and mother‐infant relations. Women and their partners reported on infant temperament.InterventionParticipants attended a 9‐week CBT group delivered by two PHNs.ResultsThe PHN training, CBT intervention and our study protocol were found to be feasible and acceptable to participants. Reductions were seen in depression and worry. The number of health care visits decreased; mother‐infant relations improved.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the feasibility of PHN‐delivered group CBT for PPD and suggest that it could reduce the burden of PPD on women and their children.
Noncognitivism and the Frege‐Geach Problem in Formal Epistemology
Authors: Lennertz Benjamin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper makes explicit the way in which many theorists of the epistemology of uncertainty, or formal epistemologists, are committed to a version of noncognitivism—one about thoughts that something is likely. It does so by drawing an analogy with metaethical noncognitivism. I explore the degree to which the motivations for both views are similar and how both views have to grapple with the Frege‐Geach Problem about complex thoughts. The major upshot of recognizing this noncognitivism is that it presents challenges and opportunities not only in the philosophy of mind and language but also in epistemology itself. I present some examples where attention to the implicit noncognitivism in formal epistemology has affected or should affect epistemological theory. And I suggest that it is likely that further examples of this sort will arise.
Extended Analysis and Evidence Integration of Chloroprene as a Human Carcinogen
Authors: Sax Sonja N , Gentry P. Robinan , Van Landingham Cynthia , Clewell Harvey J. , Mundt Kenneth A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstractβ‐Chloroprene is used in the production of polychloroprene, a synthetic rubber. In 2010, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the Integrated Risk Information System “Toxicological Review of Chloroprene,” concluding that chloroprene was “likely to be carcinogenic to humans.” This was based on findings from a 1998 National Toxicology Program (NTP) study showing multiple tumors within and across animal species; results from occupational epidemiological studies; a proposed mutagenic mode of action; and structural similarities with 1,3‐butadiene and vinyl chloride. Using mouse data from the NTP study and assuming a mutagenic mode of action, EPA calculated an inhalation unit risk (IUR) for chloroprene of 5 × 10−4 per µg/m3. This is among the highest IURs for chemicals classified by IARC or EPA as known or probable human carcinogens and orders of magnitude higher than the IURs for carcinogens such as vinyl chloride, benzene, and 1,3‐butadiene. Due to differences in pharmacokinetics, mice appear to be uniquely responsive to chloroprene exposure compared to other animals, including humans, which is consistent with the lack of evidence of carcinogenicity in robust occupational epidemiological studies. We evaluated and integrated all lines of evidence for chloroprene carcinogenicity to assess whether the 2010 EPA IUR could be scientifically substantiated. Due to clear interspecies differences in carcinogenic response to chloroprene, we applied a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for chloroprene to calculate a species‐specific internal dose (amount metabolized/gram of lung tissue) and derived an IUR that is over 100‐fold lower than the 2010 EPA IUR. Therefore, we recommend that EPA's IUR be updated.
Welfare effects of energy subsidy reform in developing countries
Authors: Groot Loek , Oostveen Thijs 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe analyze the potential welfare effect of energy subsidy reforms. The income distributions of eleven developing countries from different geographical regions are simulated using the assumption that income is lognormally distributed. We use the concept of the compensating variation to measure how much compensation is required to compensate consumers for a price increase in formerly subsidized goods. The behavior of consumers is modeled by a standard Cobb–Douglas and a quasilinear utility function. In the Cobb–Douglas case, a fixed fraction of income is spent on the subsidized good, which does not change after a price increase. With quasilinear preferences, the optimal amount of the subsidized good does not vary with income, but does change as prices change. We show theoretically and empirically that the required compensating variation can be set below the saved expenditures on subsidies, so a budget neutral reform can have a positive effect on social welfare.
Ferrofluid Flow and Heat Transfer From a Sphere in the Presence of Nonuniform Magnetic Fields
Authors: Abbasi Zeinab , Dehkordi Asghar Molaei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this article, the effects of nonuniform magnetic fields on the hydrodynamics and heat transfer from a heated sphere to its surrounding ferrofluid flow have been investigated. Kelvin body forces originate from the nonuniformity of the applied magnetic field and can generate the vortices behind the sphere leading to a considerable change in the velocity and temperature fields. The applied magnetic field disturbs the thermal boundary layer and decreases heat-transfer resistance, leading to a significant enhancement in the heat-transfer coefficient. Variations of the local and average Nusselt number value (Nu), separation angle, recirculation length, and drag coefficient were considered to investigate the effects of magnetic field intensity, Reynolds number, and the relative magnetic permeability of the sphere. In addition, the arrangement of the coils was optimized to provide the highest heat-transfer rate. Moreover, the obtained results indicate that enhancement in Nuavg is much larger than the drag resistance penalty.
Reduced Order Models for Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis With Application to a Fan Blade
Authors: Balmaseda Mikel , Jacquet-Richardet G. , Placzek A. , Tran D.-M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this work, reduced order models (ROM) that are independent from the full order finite element models (FOM) considering geometrical nonlinearities are developed and applied to the dynamic study of a fan. The structure is considered to present nonlinear vibrations around the prestressed equilibrium induced by rotation enhancing the classical linearized approach. The reduced nonlinear forces are represented by a polynomial expansion obtained by the stiffness evaluation procedure (STEP) and then corrected by means of a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) that filters the full order nonlinear forces (StepC ROM). The linear normal modes (LNM) and Craig-Bampton (C-B) type reduced basis are considered here. The latter are parameterized with respect to the rotating velocity. The periodic solutions obtained with the StepC ROM are in good agreement with the solutions of the FOM and are more accurate than the linearized ROM solutions and the STEP ROM. The proposed StepC ROM provides the best compromise between accuracy and time consumption of the ROM.
Mathematical Relationship Between Palpation Forces and Displacement Associated With Restriction
Authors: Hoyer Anneke , Degenhardt Brian F. , Palumbo Todd Hammond , Webb Steven J. , Fales Roger C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Based on the clinical data, a mathematical model was developed that characterized the palpation forces and the associated deformation/displacement of the surface of the body when osteopathic clinicians examine the low back or lumbar spine region. The purpose of this work was to better understand the haptic perception of clinicians who use palpation to assist in their assessment of patients with low back pain. Clinicians use palpation to identify areas of reduced tissue compliance thought to be associated with restriction of segmental vertebral motion. Using existing experimental data generated by multiple clinicians examining human volunteers, palpation forces and associated displacements were modeled by using three key variables: stiffness, damping, and inertia of the system. Of the total number of force application cycles analyzed, 92% had a goodness of fit, R2, that was better than 95% (R2≥ 0.95). When comparing the experimental data to the response of the three-parameter force/displacement mathematical model, the mathematical model delivered an accurate representation of palpation forces and displacements. A normalized stiffness difference (NSD) was generated to compare to clinician assessments. Recommendations for design specifications of a palpation-training device were suggested.
Design Evaluation of a Novel Multicompartment Unloader Knee Brace
Authors: Budarick Aleksandra R. , MacKeil Bradley E. , Fitzgerald Stephen , Cowper-Smith Christopher D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant problem in the aging population, causing pain, impaired mobility, and decreased quality of life. Conservative treatment methods are necessary to reduce rapidly increasing rates of knee joint surgery. Recommended strategies include weight loss and knee bracing to unload knee joint forces. Although weight loss can be beneficial for joint unloading, knee OA patients often find it difficult to lose weight or begin exercise due to knee pain, and not all patients are overweight. Unicompartment offloader knee braces can redistribute joint forces away from one tibiofemoral (TF) compartment; however, <5% of patients have unicompartmental tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (TFOA), while patients with isolated patellofemoral or multicompartmental OA are much more common. By absorbing body weight (BW) and assisting the knee extension moment using a spring-loaded hinge, sufficiently powerful knee-extension-assist (KEA) braces could be useful for unloading the whole knee. This paper (1) describes the design of a spring-loaded tricompartment unloader (TCU) knee brace intended to provide unloading in all three compartments of the knee while weight-bearing, (2) measures and compares the force output of the TCU against the only published and commercially available KEA brace, and (3) calculates the static unloading capacity of each device. The TCU and KEA braces delivered maximum assistive moments equivalent to reducing BW by approximately 45 and 6 lbs, respectively. The paper concludes that sufficiently powerful spring-loaded knee braces show promise in a new class of multicompartment unloader knee orthoses, capable of providing a clinically meaningful unloading effect across all three knee compartments.
Investigation of Turbulence Effects on the Nonlinear Vibration of a Rigid Rotor Supported by Finite Length 2-Lobe and Circular Bearings
Authors: Koondilogpiboon Nuntaphong , Inoue Tsuyoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of turbulence on the nonlinear vibration of a symmetrical rigid rotor supported by two identical journal bearings. The bearings consisted of various length to diameter (L/D) ratio circular and 2-lobe bearings with differing pad preloads. Two turbulent (Ng–Pan–Elrod and Constantinescu model) and one laminar Reynolds equations were selected for comparison, and they were solved using a finite difference method to obtain nonlinear bearing forces. The nonlinear equations of motion for the rotor-bearing system were solved using a shooting method and arclength continuation to obtain limit cycles for each bearing configuration. Floquet multiplier analysis was then utilized to identify the stability of the obtained limit cycles. For the cases of the circular and 2-lobe bearing without pad preload, the turbulent Reynolds equations yielded a lower onset speed of instability and L/D ratio at which the bifurcation type changed from supercritical to subcritical than the laminar Reynolds equation. However, at higher pad preloads (preloads of 0.25 or 0.5), the turbulence effects increased the onset speed of instability, especially for L/D ratios > 0.7, and only supercritical bifurcation was observed. For all bearing configurations, the ratio of the limit cycle whirl frequency to shaft rotational speed for both turbulence bearing models was higher than that of the laminar bearing model, and the Ng–Pan–Elrod turbulence model always generated lower onset speed of instability than the Constantinescu model.
Analytical Solution for Solid Cylindrical Heat Source Model With Convective Boundary Condition
Authors: Zhou Yang , Xu Cheng , Sego David , Zhang Dong-hai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe energy pile technology has been widely used, and the solid cylindrical heat source (SCS) model is usually adopted to describe the heat transfer process between the energy pile and the surrounding soil. This paper investigates the SCS model with a convective boundary condition (SCS-3 model), and realistic conditions such as transversely isotropic ground and groundwater flow are all included in the model. An analytical solution for the problem is established using Green's function method and the theory of moving heat sources. Solutions for the SCS model with a boundary condition of the first kind (SCS-1 model) and for the line source (LS) model with a convective boundary condition (LS-3 model) are recovered as special cases of the solution in this paper. Computational examples are presented, and comparisons between different models are made. First, the SCS-1 model is compared with the SCS-3 model, showing the error caused by neglecting the surface convective effect. Second, the LS-3 model is compared with the SCS-3 model, showing the error associated with neglecting the size of heat source. The effects of groundwater flow velocity and convective heat transfer coefficient on the temporal and spatial variations of these errors are also investigated.
Prediction of Turbulent Flow Over a Flat Plate With a Step Change From a Smooth to a Rough Surface Using a Near-Wall RANS Model
Authors: Chu Minghan , Bergstrom Donald J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present paper reports a numerical study of fully developed turbulent flow over a flat plate with a step change from a smooth to a rough surface. The Reynolds number based on momentum thickness for the smooth flow was Reθ=5950. The focus of the study was to investigate the capability of the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations to predict the internal boundary layer (IBL) created by the flow configuration. The numerical solution used a two-layer k−ε model to implement the effects of surface roughness on the turbulence and mean flow fields via the use of a hydrodynamic roughness length y0. The prediction for the mean velocity field revealed a development zone immediately downstream of the step in which the mean velocity profile included a lower region affected by the surface roughness below and an upper region with the characteristics of the smooth-wall boundary layer above. In this zone, both the turbulence kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress profiles were characterized by a significant reduction in magnitude in the outer region of the flow that is unaffected by the rough surface. The turbulence kinetic energy profile was used to estimate the thickness of the IBL, and the resulting growth rate closely matched the experimental results. As such, the IBL is a promising test case for assessing the ability of RANS models to predict the discrete roughness configurations often encountered in industrial and environmental applications.
Temperature Fields Generated by a Circular Heat Source: Solution of a Composite Solid of Two Different Isotropic Semi-Infinite Media
Authors: Emanuel Michael , Emanuel Avi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The problem of a three-dimensional (3D) heat flow from a circular heat source (CHS) embedded inside a composite solid of two isotropic but different semi-infinite media is solved for the first time in this paper. This CHS asymmetrical measurement setup is useful when two identical samples are not available for measurement. Two different time-dependent temperature fields are derived for the composite semi-infinite media, as well as their corresponding heat fluxes. The derivation of the 3D solution uses first principles with basic assumptions and employs the Hankel and Laplace transforms. The Laplace inversion theorem is used to find the inverse Laplace transform of the temperature functions, since no tabulated inverse transform functions are available for this case. The solution is exact with no approximations and is given in an integral form, which can easily be evaluated numerically. This solution is a generic one and can be applied to more complex asymmetrical setups, such as the case involving thermal contact resistances.
Effects of Streamlining a Bluff Body in the Laminar Vortex Shedding Regime
Authors: Dobriyal Ritvik , Mishra Maneesh , Bölander Markus , Skote Martin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Two-dimensional flow over bluff bodies is studied in the unsteady laminar flow regime using numerical simulations. In previous investigations, lift and drag forces have been studied over different cross-sectional shapes like circles, squares, and ellipses. We aim to extend the previous research by studying the variation of hydrodynamic forces as the shape of the body changes from a circular cylinder to a more streamlined or a bluffer body. The different body shapes are created by modifying the downstream circular arc of a circular cylinder into an ellipse, hence elongating or compressing the rear part of the body. The precise geometry of the body is quantified by defining a shape factor. Two distinct ranges of shape factors with fundamentally different behavior of lift and drag are identified. The geometry constituting the limit is where the rear part ellipse has a semi-minor axis of half the radius of the original circle, independent of the Reynolds number. On the other hand, the vortex shedding frequency decreases linearly over the whole range of shape factors. Furthermore, the variation of the forces and frequency with Reynolds number, and how the relations vary with the shape factor are reported.