bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Halogen Bonds of Halotetrafluoropyridines in Crystals and Co‐crystals with Benzene and Pyridine
Authors: Schwabedissen Jan , Trapp Pia C. , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate , Lamm Jan‐Hendrik , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Körte Leif A. , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe structures of the three para‐substituted halotetrafluoropyridines with chlorine, bromine, and iodine have been determined in the solid state (X‐ray diffraction). The structures of these compounds and that of pentafluoropyridine were also determined in the gas phase (electron diffraction). Structures in the solid state of the bromine and iodine derivatives exhibit halogen bonding as a structure‐determining motif. On the way to an investigation of halogen bond formation of halotetrafluoropyridines in the solid state with the stronger Lewis base pyridine, co‐crystals of benzene adducts were investigated to gain an understanding of the influence of aryl–aryl interactions. These co‐crystals showed halogen bonding only for the two heavier halotetrafluoropyridines. In the pyridine co‐crystals halogen bonding was observed for all three para‐halotetrafluoropyridines. The formation of homodimers and heterodimers with pyridine is also supported by quantum‐chemical calculations of electron density topologies and natural bond orbitals.
Low‐Valent Group 14 NHC‐Stabilized Phosphinidenide ate Complexes and NHC‐Stabilized K/P‐Clusters
Authors: Balmer Markus , Weigend Florian , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized phosphinidenide, SIMesPK [SIMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolidine‐2‐ylidene], was used as an (NHC)P‐transfer reagent for the synthesis of the low‐valent Group 14 ate complexes K[(SIMesP)3E] (E=Ge: 2, Sn: 3, Pb: 4), which were characterized by 1H NMR, 31P NMR, IR spectroscopy as well as elemental and X‐ray analysis. Furthermore, SIMesPK was used in reactions with potassium amides and alkoxides to form the molecular phosphorus–potassium clusters [K4(SIMesP)2(hmds)2] [5, hmds=N(SiMe3)2] and [K6(SIMesP)2(OtBu)4] (6). Finally, the reaction of SIMesPK with Li[Al(OC4F9)4] led to the potassium‐rich ionic compound [(SIMesP)4K5][Al(OC4F9)4] (7).
Exfoliating a CdII–Purine Framework: Conversion of Nanosheets‐to‐Nanofibers and Studies of Elastic and Capacitive Properties
Authors: Avasthi Ilesha , Kulkarni Manish M. , Verma Sandeep 
Published: March 2019

AbstractLayered bulk crystals are amenable to exfoliation to yield 2D nanosheets through isolation and intercalation processes, which could be further converted to 1D nanoscale structures. The latter inherit gross morphological and physical properties associated with the precursor structures. Herein, we report three purine‐based crystal structures 1, 2, and 3, where 3 is obtained by a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal transformation from 2 and is a conformational polymorph of 1. Next, we describe the sonication‐assisted liquid exfoliation of 1, a CdII–purine coordination framework, into nanosheets and nanofibers in a solvent‐dependent process. The exfoliation was carefully studied at low temperatures to ascertain this unique conversion. This work also features the determination of the Young's modulus and surface potential of the bioinspired CdII‐based nanostructures by using amplitude modulation–frequency modulation atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy, respectively, revealing their interesting elastic and capacitive properties for their possible use in electronics and energy devices. Electron impedance spectroscopy measurements further established a higher value of capacitance for the exfoliated CdII framework as compared to the ligand alone.
Biphasic Enantioselective Fluorescent Recognition of Amino Acids by a Fluorophilic Probe
Authors: Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Wu Xue‐Dan , Abed Mehdi , Gu Shuang‐Xi , Pu Lin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA fluorophilic fluorescent probe based on a perfluoroalkyl‐substituted bis(binaphthyl) compound was designed and synthesized. It displayed a highly enantioselective fluorescence response toward structurally diverse amino acids in a biphasic fluorous/aqueous system with enantiomeric fluorescent enhancement ratio (ef; ΔID/ΔIL) values up to 45.2 (histidine). It can be used to determine the enantiomeric compositions of amino acids and also allows the amino acid enantiomers to be visually discriminated. NMR and mass‐spectroscopic investigations provided insights into the observed high enantioselectivity. This biphasic fluorescent recognition was used to determine the enantiomeric composition of the crude phenylalanine products generated by an enzyme‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrolysis under various reaction conditions. The fluorous‐phase‐based fluorescence measurement under the biphasic conditions was able to minimize the interference of other reaction components and thus has potential in asymmetric reaction screening.
Noncancer mortality among adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Anderson Chelsea , Lund Jennifer L. , Weaver Mark A. , Wood William A. , Olshan Andrew F. , Nichols Hazel B. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundRelative to the general population, cancer patients and survivors may have an elevated risk of mortality from noncancer causes, such as cardiovascular disease and infections, but few studies have examined rates of noncancer mortality among patients diagnosed as adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (ages 15‐39 years).MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify AYA patients who were diagnosed with a first malignant cancer between 1973 and 2015. Rates of mortality from noncancer causes among AYAs with cancer were compared with those in the general US population using standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), adjusted for age, sex, race, and calendar year.ResultsAmong 235,541 AYAs with cancer, a total of 12,948 deaths from noncancer causes occurred over 3.1 million total person‐years of follow‐up. Overall, noncancer mortality was significantly increased among AYAs with cancer relative to the general population (SMR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.80‐1.87). SMRs were particularly elevated for infectious diseases (SMR, 5.13; 95% CI, 4.95‐5.32), cardiovascular disease (SMR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.50‐1.60), and renal diseases (SMR, 2.40; 95% CI, 2.12‐2.71). These associations persisted for more than 20 years after cancer diagnosis. Cancer types associated with the highest SMRs for all noncancer mortality included leukemias (SMR, 5.26), Hodgkin lymphoma (SMR, 3.12), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (SMR, 6.33), central nervous system tumors (SMR, 3.38), head and neck cancers (SMR, 2.09), and cervical/uterine cancers (SMR, 2.03).ConclusionsAYAs with cancer have an elevated burden of mortality from noncancer causes that persists many years after cancer diagnosis, highlighting the importance of comprehensive, long‐term follow‐up care for noncancer conditions throughout survivorship.
Follow‐up with histopathology and HPV testing on LSIL cytology in China’s largest academic woman’s hospital
Authors: Tao Xiang , Zhang Huina , Zhang Hao , Xiao Jianan , Li Juan , Zhou Xianrong , Wang Li , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundCervical cancer remains a major health problem in China. To provide baseline data for establishing the appropriate screening strategy, the authors investigated the histopathologic follow‐up and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing results of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology in the Chinese Largest Women Hospital.MethodsWomen with LSIL cytology, human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and immediate histopathologic follow‐up between 2011 and 2016 were analyzed.ResultsThe frequency of LSIL among 1,095,022 Papanicolaou (Pap) tests was 1.4%, and was significantly higher in cases using liquid‐based cytology (LBC; 1.5%‐1.6%) compared with conventional Pap smears (CPS; 0.5%). The CPS method had performance for predicting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) that was comparable to that of LBC (75% vs 69.1% and 71.9%). Among 8079 LSIL cases with an immediate histopathologic diagnosis, CIN‐2/3 or higher (CIN‐2/3+) was found in 11.9% of cases and carcinoma in 0.3% of cases. A total of 158 patients (15.7%) with HPV‐positive LSIL had a diagnosis of CIN‐2/3 compared with 18 patients (5.5%) with HPV‐negative LSIL. In postmenopausal women with LSIL cytology, the detection rate for CIN‐2/3 in HPV‐negative patients was significant lower than that in HPV‐positive patients. Furthermore, HPV type 16 (HPV‐16) was the most common genotype noted in patients with CIN‐2+ lesions, whereas HPV‐18 was the most common in patients with CIN‐1.ConclusionsAlthough its reporting rate is lower than that of LBC, CPS is useful due to its low cost and comparable predictive value. HPV testing is helpful for stratifying postmenopausal women with LSIL into lower and higher risk groups. HPV‐16 is the most commonly identified genotype in CIN‐2+ lesions diagnosed in Chinese women with LSIL cytology, whereas HPV‐18 is the most commonly identified genotype in patients with CIN‐1 lesions.
Comparison of self‐adaptive dynamic differential evolution and particle swarm optimization for smart antennas in wireless communication
Authors: Chiu Chien‐Ching , Tong Yi‐Xiang , Cheng Yu‐Ting 
Published: March 2019

SummaryIn this paper, ultrawide band (UWB) communication systems with eight transmitting and receiving ring antenna arrays are implemented to test the bit error rate and capacity performance. By using the ray‐tracing technique to compute any given indoor wireless environment, the impulse response of the system can be calculated. The synthesized beamforming problem can be reformulated into a multiobjective optimization problem. Self‐adaptive dynamic differential evolution (SADDE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to find the excitation current and the feed line length of each antenna to form the appropriate beam pattern. This pattern can then reduce the bit error rate and increase the channel capacity and receiving energy. Numerical results show that the fitness value and the convergence speed by the SADDE are better than those by the PSO. Moreover, the SADDE had better results for both line‐of‐sight and nonline‐of‐sight cases. In other words, compared with PSO, SADDE has improved more effectively the main beam radiation energy and reduced the multipath interference.
The latitudinal herbivory hypothesis revisited: To be part is to be whole
Authors: Gao Jianguo , Fang Changming , Zhao Bin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs the big data accumulation in ecology picks up pace, we now have the opportunity to test several macroecological hypotheses, such as the latitudinal herbivory hypothesis (LHH) dated from the 1990s. The LHH proposes that plant–herbivore interactions decrease as latitude increases, that is, from lower latitudinal areas (i.e., the equator) to higher latitudinal areas (i.e., the poles). This hypothesis has been challenged in recent years. In this study, we used the greatest volume dataset of leaf herbivory from the study of Zhang et al. (Journal of Ecology, 104, 2016, 1089) to test the LHH at a global scale, based on a quantile regression model. We found that the mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and potential net primary production were heterogeneously correlated with herbivory at different quantiles or variable intervals. Although the Northern Hemisphere (NH) and the global‐scale trends are in accordance with the expected latitudinal variation, the Southern Hemisphere (SH) was found to exhibit inverse trends. The latitude has a negative effect on plant–herbivore interactions in the NH and on a global scale; leaf herbivory decreased more at a given latitude in higher latitudinal areas, which is attributed to harsher survival conditions in these areas. The uniformity of leaf herbivory variability along the climate and latitude gradient in the NH and on a global scale motivates that the loosening of this herbivory variability in the SH is not significant enough to dismiss the prevalence of the LHH, a testable macroecology hypothesis.
Effects of urbanization on cougar foraging ecology along the wildland–urban gradient of western Washington
Authors: Robins Clint W. , Kertson Brian N. , Faulkner James R. , Wirsing Aaron J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHumans have dramatically altered ecosystem structure through landscape manipulation, often leaving refuge patches of suitable habitat for wildlife amidst inhospitable terrain. Large carnivores are especially vulnerable to such habitat modification because they tend to have low population densities and wide‐ranging movements necessitated by their food requirements. Cougars (Puma concolor), unlike many other large carnivores, have demonstrated an ability to exploit resources in fragmented and managed landscapes. The influence of increasing landscape development on cougar foraging behavior, however, has yet to be fully elucidated. Accordingly, we investigated variation in cougar use of three prey types (synanthropes, ungulates, and rodents) along a wildland–urban gradient in western Washington to determine how urbanization affects the foraging ecology of this apex predator. We predicted that cougar diets would comprise more synanthropic prey (e.g., prolific urban species) and fewer deer as a function of increasing residential development. Generalized linear mixed model results showed that the odds of cougar predation on synanthropic prey did increase with urbanization. The odds of ungulate predation, however, remained relatively consistent across the wildland–urban gradient despite cougar use of black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) and elk (Cervus canadensis) increasing over time. These results suggest that cougar–ungulate predator–prey systems can persist in landscapes with substantial human presence. The odds of forest‐associated rodent (Castor sp., Aplodontia sp.) predation decreased with increasing development, suggesting that urbanization may coincide with more intensive beaver management near residences and thereby reduce beaver and mountain beaver presence in exurban landscapes in western Washington. Most cougars exhibited similar diets, but certain individuals deviated significantly from the population averages characterizing use of all three major prey categories. This variation suggests that cougar population responses to urbanization are unlikely to be uniform and that cases of human–cougar conflict may be linked to individual cats, rather than the population as a whole.
Antioxidant and Hypocholesterolemic Properties of Functional Soy Yogurts Fortified with ω‐3 and ω‐6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Balb/c Mice
Authors: Sengupta Samadrita , Koley Hemanta , Dutta Shanta , Bhowal Jayati 
Published: March 2019

Increase of ω3 and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake is currently recommended. Yogurt, which is already popular, offers a functional food matrix to deliver ω3 and ω6 PUFAs. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidative and cholesterol‐lowering properties of functional soy yogurts fortified with fish oil (FO) containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and Evening primrose oil (EPO) containing gamma linolenic acid (GLA) in diet induced hypercholesterolemic mice. Adding FO and EPO results in a significant reduction in the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and low–density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and the atherogenic index of hypercholesterolemic mice when compared with soy yogurt (control) only. Soy yogurts supplemented with functional lipids had significantly improved the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) in serum, super oxide dismutase and catalase level in liver homogenate and significantly declined the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma glutamyl transferase activities.Practical Applications: FO and EPO may be considered as novel functional food ingredients for soy yogurt production. The process is commercially economical in view of the uses of seed flour as direct raw material without beany odor problem for making non‐dairy food product.Consumption of poly unsaturated fatty acid fortified soy yogurt results in a significant reduction in the liver total cholesterol of hypercholesterolemic mice when compared with soy yogurt (control) only.
Coupling of capillary electrophoresis with electrospray ionization multiplexing ion mobility spectrometry
Authors: Guo Jianheng , Li Guozhu , Zhang Hanghang , Jia Xu , Meng Qingyan , Liu Wenjie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this work, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) function as a detector and another dimension of separation was coupled with CE to achieve two‐dimensional separation. To improve the performance of hyphenated CE‐IMS instrument, electrospray ionization correlation ion mobility spectrometry is evaluated and compared with traditional signal averaging data acquisition method using tetraalkylammonium bromide compounds. The effect of various parameters on the separation including sample introduction, sheath fluid of CE and drift gas, data acquisition method of IMS were investigated. The experimental result shows that the optimal conditions are as follows: hydrodynamic sample injection method, the electrophoresis voltage is 10 kilo volts, 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 80% acetonitrile as both the background electrolyte and the electrospray ionization sheath fluid, the ESI liquid flow rate is 4.5 μL/min, the drift voltage is 10.5 kilo volts, the drift gas temperature is 383 K and the drift gas flow rate is 300 mL/min. Under the above conditions, the mixture standards of seven tetraalkylammoniums can be completely separated within 10 min both by CE and IMS. The linear range was 5–250 μg/mL, with LOD of 0.152, 0.204, 0.277, 0.382, 0.466, 0.623 and 0.892 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with traditional capillary electrophoresis detection methods, the developed CE‐ESI‐IMS method not only provide two sets of qualitative parameters including electrophoresis migration time and ion drift time, ion mobility spectrometer can also provide an additional dimension of separation and could apply to the detection ultra‐violet transparent compounds or none fluorescent compounds.
Droplet‐based microfluidics systems in biomedical applications
Authors: Feng Huanhuan , Zheng Tingting , Li Mingyu , Wu Junwei , Ji Hongjun , Zhang Jiaheng , Zhao Weiwei , Guo Jinhong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicrofluidics has made a very impressive progress in the past decades due to its unique and instinctive advantages. Droplet‐based microfluidic systems show excellent compatibility with many chemical and biological reagents and are capable of performing variety of operations that can implement microreactor, complex multiple core–shell structure, and many applications in biomedical research such as drug encapsulation, targeted drug delivery systems, and multifunctionalization on carriers. Droplet‐based systems have been directly used to synthesize particles and encapsulate many biological entities for biomedicine applications due to their powerful encapsulation capability and facile versatility. In this paper, we review its origin, deviation, and evolution to draw a clear future, especially for droplet‐based biomedical applications. This paper will focus on droplet generation, variations and complication as starter, and logistically lead to the numerous typical applications in biomedical research. Finally, we will summarize both its challenge and future prospects relevant to its droplet‐based biomedical applications.
Implementation of uplink network‐coded modulation for two‐hop networks
Authors: Chu Yi , Peng Tong , Grace David , Burr Alister 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith the fast growing number of wireless devices and demand of user data, the backhaul load becomes a bottleneck in wireless networks. Physical‐layer network coding (PNC) allows access points to relay‐compressed, network‐coded user data, therefore reducing the backhaul traffic. In this paper, an implementation of uplink network‐coded modulation (NetCoM) with PNC is presented. A five‐node prototype NetCoM system is established using Universal Software Radio Peripherals, and a practical PNC scheme designed for binary systems is utilized. An orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing waveform implementation and the practical challenges (eg, device synchronization and clock drift) of applying orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing to NetCoM are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first PNC implementation in an uplink scenario in radio access networks, and our prototype provides an industrially applicable implementation of the proposed NetCoM with PNC approach.
A simple approximation to bias in the genetic effect estimates when multiple disease states share a clinical diagnosis
Authors: Lobach Iryna , Kim Inyoung , Alekseyenko Alexander , Lobach Siarhei , Zhang Li 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCase‐control genome‐wide association studies (CC‐GWAS) might provide valuable clues to the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of complex diseases, such as neurodegenerative disease and cancer. A commonly overlooked complication is that multiple distinct disease states might present with the same set of symptoms and hence share a clinical diagnosis. These disease states can only be distinguished based on a biomarker evaluation that might not be feasible in the whole set of cases in the large number of samples that are typically needed for CC‐GWAS. Instead, the biomarkers are measured on a subset of cases. Or an external reliability study estimates the frequencies of the disease states of interest within the clinically diagnosed set of cases. These frequencies often vary by the genetic and/or nongenetic variables. We derive a simple approximation that relates the genetic effect estimates obtained in a traditional logistic regression model with the clinical diagnosis as the outcome variable to the genetic effect estimates in the relationship to the true disease state of interest. We performed simulation studies to assess the accuracy of the approximation that we have derived. We next applied the derived approximation to the analysis of the genetic basis of the innate immune system of Alzheimer's disease.
Multi‐Dimensional Quantum Nanostructures with Polarization Properties for Display Applications
Authors: Yang Gaoling , Zhong Haizheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractColloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), or quantum nanostructures with various dimensions and morphologies, are excellent emerging solution‐processable luminescent materials for display applications. The future of semiconductor NCs in the display market strongly relies on the development of low energy consuming devices. Replacing spherical NCs with multi‐dimensional nanostructures that emit linearly or circularly polarized light with high color purity and brightness, can significantly enhance the performance and efficiency of future display devices. In this review, we highlight some recent advances of colloidal syntheses of multi‐dimensional quantum nanostructures and their implementation as polarized light sources. The most representative examples are quasi‐one‐dimensional (q‐1D) CdSe/CdS dot‐in‐rods with strong linearly polarized emission for liquid crystal display technologies, and two‐dimensional (2D) nanoplatelets with enhanced circular dichroism signals as potential circularly polarized luminescence sources for electroluminescence applications.