bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Playing for fun or gambling for money: a qualitative longitudinal study of digitally simulated gambling among young Danes
Authors: Kristiansen Søren , Trabjerg Maria Camilla , Lauth Nanna Reventlov , Malling Anders 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The study aims to explore the types of simulated games and gambling platforms used by adolescents, adolescent’s experiences, motivations and behaviors vis-à-vis simulated gambling and the potential interrelationships between simulated and monetary forms gambling.

Design/methodology/approach
Data was obtained from a qualitative longitudinal panel study with three waves of individual interviews. A cohort of 51 young Danes, with varying levels of gambling involvement, were interviewed three times, with a 10-12 frequency from 2011 to 2014. In total, 149 interviews were conducted over the 4-year period.

Findings
Enjoying social interactional effects appeared to be the main reasons young people engage in simulated gambling games. The study documented characteristics of both a catalyst pathway and a containment pathway emphasizing that for some young people simulated gambling may increase the likelihood of involvement in real money gambling while it may decrease it for others.

Research limitations/implications
The sample was relatively limited and it involved participants from only one of the five Danish regions. The sample reflects the culture, rural/urban configuration and gambling market of a specific geographic region.

Practical implications
Some forms of simulated digital gambling may provide players with excitement and unrealistic conceptions of winning chances, which, in turn, may encourage participation in real forms of gambling. This may call for regulatory policies aiming at the structural features of simulated gambling products and their rapid global spread. Consumer campaigns aimed at both young people themselves and their parents may be considered.

Originality/value
Few studies have provided insights into the meanings and motivations of young people engaged in simulated gambling. The current study is among the first to explore adolescent’s experiences, motivations and behaviors vis-à-vis simulated gambling and the potential interrelationships between simulated and monetary forms gambling.
Edible oil methods to remove asphalt on burns
Authors: Yamazaki Emi , Shido Kosuke , Yamasaki Kenshi , Aiba Setsuya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAsphalt, also known as bitumen, is a viscous liquid or a semi‐solid form of petroleum. In cases of hot liquid asphalt splash, asphalt broadly adheres to the skin surface and is hard to remove from skin. Because accidental burns from hot liquid asphalt splash rarely occur, there is no consensus about initial approaches to remove adherent asphalt from skin. We reviewed articles relating to asphalt burns and summarized methods to remove adherent asphalt from skin, including our present case in which we successfully removed adherent asphalt by edible butter and vegetable oil. We summarized information of 127 cases and classified agents used to remove asphalt in four categories: (i) medicines; (ii) health‐care products; (iii) foods; and (iv) solvents. Before the 1990s, antimicrobial topical medicines were mainly reported to treat asphalt burns but it took half a day or more to remove asphalt. Mineral oils and edible oils such as butter and vegetable oil are easily available in grocery stores and could emulsify to remove asphalt in a few hours. From the review of articles and our experience, edible oils are useful agents for the first approach to remove asphalt from the point of view of efficacy, safety, availability and expense.
A triple porosity scheme for fluid/solid substitution: theory and experiment
Authors: Sun Yongyang , Gurevich Boris , Lebedev Maxim , Glubokovskikh Stanislav , Mikhaltsevitch Vassili , Guo Junxin 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTQuantifying the effects of pore‐filling materials on elastic properties of porous rocks is of considerable interest in geophysical practice. For rocks saturated with fluids, the Gassmann equation is proved effective in estimating the exact change in seismic velocity or rock moduli upon the changes in properties of pore infill. For solid substance or viscoelastic materials, however, the Gassmann theory is not applicable as the rigidity of the pore fill (either elastic or viscoelastic) prevents pressure communication in the pore space, which is a key assumption of the Gassmann equation. In this paper, we explored the elastic properties of a sandstone sample saturated with fluid and solid substance under different confining pressures. This sandstone sample is saturated with octadecane, which is a hydrocarbon with a melting point of 28°C, making it convenient to use in the lab in both solid and fluid forms. Ultrasonically measured velocities of the dry rock exhibit strong pressure dependency, which is largely reduced for the filling of solid octadecane. Predictions by the Gassmann theory for the elastic moduli of the sandstone saturated with liquid octadecane are consistent with ultrasonic measurements, but underestimate the elastic moduli of the sandstone saturated with solid octadecane. Our analysis shows that the difference between the elastic moduli of the dry and solid‐octadecane‐saturated sandstone is controlled by the squirt flow between stiff, compliant, and the so‐called intermediate pores (with an aspect ratio larger than that of compliant pore but much less than that of stiff pores). Therefore, we developed a triple porosity model to quantify the combined squirt flow effects of compliant and intermediate pores saturated with solid or viscoelastic infill. Full saturation of remaining stiff pores with solid or viscoelastic materials is then considered by the lower embedded bound theory. The proposed model gave a reasonable fit to the ultrasonic measurements of the elastic moduli of the sandstone saturated with liquid or solid octadecane. Comparison of the predictions by the new model to other solid substitution schemes implied that accounting for the combined effects of compliant and intermediate pores is necessary to explain the solid squirt effects.
Invasive prey controlling invasive predators? European rabbit abundance does not determine red fox population dynamics
Authors: Scroggie Michael P. , Forsyth David M. , McPhee Steven R. , Matthews John , Stuart Ivor G. , Stamation Kasey A. , Lindeman Michael , Ramsey David S. L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Invasive mammalian predators commonly coexist with invasive mammalian herbivore prey. Managers often advocate controlling invasive prey in the belief that this will also reduce invasive predator abundance. Such an outcome would have desirable ecological and financial benefits, but there have been few tests of this hypothesis.

We used large‐scale and long‐term monitoring data to test the prediction that invasive red fox Vulpes vulpes populations decline following control of invasive European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus populations in Australia. Both species severely impact natural and agricultural ecosystems, and significant resources are expended to reduce these impacts. We fitted a hierarchical state‐space model to spotlight counts of both species conducted at 21 transects between 1998 and 2015. The effects of rainfall, control activities (warren ripping and surface harbour removal), and density dependence on the population growth rates of both species were also evaluated.

Control activities at 18 transects substantially reduced average rabbit abundances. Rabbit populations showed little response to rainfall, but exhibited negative density dependence and higher rates of increase during the autumn–spring interval.

There was no numerical response of foxes to changes in rabbit abundance. Rather, fox populations increased rapidly after high rainfall and exhibited negative density dependence. The equilibrium abundance of foxes varied with rainfall and season, but was always <0.2 foxes per spotlight km.

Synthesis and applications. We conclude that controlling rabbits to low abundances does not substantially reduce fox abundances in south eastern Australia. Rather, efforts to reduce fox abundance should directly target fox populations. Managers of invasive predator–invasive prey systems should not assume that controlling prey will, by itself, reduce predator abundances. Quantifying the numerical response is critical for understanding the likely response of predators to changes in prey abundance.
Advancing restoration ecology: A new approach to predict time to recovery
Authors: Rydgren Knut , Halvorsen Rune , Töpper Joachim P. , Auestad Inger , Hamre Liv Norunn , Jongejans Eelke , Sulavik Jan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Species composition is a vital attribute of any ecosystem. Accordingly, ecological restoration often has the original, or “natural,” species composition as its target. However, we still lack adequate methods for predicting the expected time to compositional recovery in restoration studies.

We describe and explore a new, ordination regression‐based approach (ORBA) for predicting time to recovery that allows both linear and asymptotic (logarithmic) relationships of compositional change with time. The approach uses distances between restored plots and reference plots along the successional gradient, represented by a vector in ordination space, to predict time to recovery. Thus, the approach rests on three requirements: (a) the general form of the relationship between compositional change and time must be known; (b) a sufficiently strong successional gradient must be present and adequately represented in a species compositional dataset; and (c) a restoration target must be specified. We tested the approach using data from a boreal old‐growth forest that was followed for 18 years after experimental disturbance. Data from the first 9 years after disturbance were used to develop models, the subsequent 9 years for validation.

Rates of compositional recovery in the example dataset followed the general pattern of decrease with time since disturbance. Accordingly, linear models were too optimistic about the time to recovery, whereas the asymptotic models provided more precise predictions.

Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate that the new approach opens for reliable prediction of recovery rates and time to recovery using species compositional data. Moreover, it allows us to assess whether recovery proceeds in the desired direction and to quantitatively compare restoration speed, and hence effectiveness, between alternative management options.
Associations between interleukin gene polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yunxia , Xu Yefeng , Wang Yiqing , Yao Yongwei , Yang Jiewen 
Published: August 2018

SummaryRecently, the roles of interleukin‐2 (IL‐2),IL‐4,IL‐6andIL‐8gene polymorphisms in gastric cancer (GC) have been studied extensively, with conflicting results. Therefore, we conducted the present meta‐analyses to better elucidate the roles of interleukin gene polymorphisms inGC. Eligible articles were searched in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science andCNKI. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to detect any potential association between interleukin gene polymorphisms and the risk ofGC. A total of 63 case‐control studies was finally included in our analyses. Significant associations with the risk ofGCwere detected for theIL‐6rs1800796 andIL‐8rs4073 polymorphisms in overall analyses. Further subgroup analyses based on ethnicities of participants revealed that theIL‐4rs2243250,IL‐6rs1800796 andIL‐8rs4073 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk ofGCin Asians. Moreover,IL‐8rs4073 polymorphism was also significantly associated with the risk ofGCin Africans. In conclusion, our findings suggested thatIL‐4rs2243250,IL‐6rs1800796 andIL‐8rs4073 polymorphisms may serve as genetic biomarkers ofGC.
Coupling biogeochemical process rates and metagenomic blueprints of coastal bacterial assemblages in the context of environmental change
Authors: Markussen Trine , Happel Elisabeth M. , Teikari Jonna E. , Huchaiah Vimala , Alneberg Johannes , Andersson Anders F. , Sivonen Kaarina , Riemann Lasse , Middelboe Mathias , Kisand Veljo 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBacteria are major drivers of biogeochemical nutrient cycles and energy fluxes in marine environments, yet how bacterial communities respond to environmental change is not well known. Metagenomes allow examination of genetic responses of the entire microbial community to environmental change. However, it is challenging to link metagenomes directly to biogeochemical process rates. Here, we investigate metagenomic responses in natural bacterioplankton communities to simulated environmental stressors in the Baltic Sea, including increased river water input, increased nutrient concentration, and reduced oxygen level. This allowed us to identify informative prokaryotic gene markers, responding to environmental perturbation. Our results demonstrate that metagenomic and metabolic changes in bacterial communities in response to environmental stressors are influenced both by the initial community composition and by the biogeochemical factors shaping the functional response. Furthermore, the different sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) had the largest impact on metagenomic blueprint. Most prominently, changes in DOM loads influenced specific transporter types reflecting the substrate availability and DOC assimilation and consumption pathways. The results provide new knowledge for developing models of ecosystem structure and biogeochemical cycling in future climate change scenarios and advance our exploration of the potential use of marine microorganisms as markers for environmental conditions.
European elites and the narrative of the Greek crisis: A discursive institutionalist analysis
Authors: PAPADIMITRIOU DIMITRIS , PEGASIOU ADONIS , ZARTALOUDIS SOTIRIOS 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article examines elite European discourses during the Greek financial crisis from its pre‐history in September 2008 up to the arrival of the SYRIZA government in January 2015. The article employs the conceptual literature on Discursive Institutionalism (DI) and Historical Institutionalism (HI). Having coded 1,153 unique quotes drawn from a dataset of 15,354 news wires from Reuters, the authors argue that the communicative discourse of 63 senior European (and IMF) officials on the Greek crisis during that period demonstrates significant volatility. Four distinct narrative frames are identified: ‘neglect’, ‘suspicious cooperation’, ‘blame’ and ‘reluctant redemption’, punctuated by three discursive junctures in 2010, 2011 and 2012, which reflect the content of the changing communicative discourse of the Greek crisis. The article's contribution is twofold: empirically, it is the first to provide a systematic analysis of the protagonists’ communication of the Greek crisis; and theoretically, it combines DI and HI in an effort to conceptualise an important part of our understanding of ‘bail‐out politics’ throughout the Eurozone crisis.
Do Crowdsourced Hospital Ratings Coincide with Hospital Compare Measures of Clinical and Nonclinical Quality?
Authors: Perez Victoria , Freedman Seth 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the consistency with which government‐issued hospital quality ratings and crowdsourced ratings on social media sites identify hospital quality.Data SourcesHospital ratings from Facebook, Google, and Yelp were linked with Hospital Compare (HC) measures.Study DesignFixed‐effects linear regression model.Principal FindingsAmong crowdsourcing sites’ best‐ranked hospitals, 50–60% were also the best ranked on HC's overall and patient experience ratings; 20% ranked as the worst. Best‐ranked hospitals had significantly better clinical quality scores than worst ranked hospitals, but were not more likely to be the highest rated in terms of HC's clinical quality measures alone.ConclusionsCrowdsourcing sites and HC provide comparable information on patient experience; scores were less consistent in terms of risk‐adjusted measures of patient safety and clinical quality.
Microbial Starch‐Converting Enzymes: Recent Insights and Perspectives
Authors: Miao Ming , Jiang Bo , Jin Zhengyu , BeMiller James N. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStarch is an abundant, natural, renewable resource, and present as the major storage carbohydrate in the seeds, roots, or tubers of many important food crops, such as maize, wheat, rice, potato, and cassava. Uses of native starches in most industrial applications are limited by their inherent properties. Hence, they are often structurally modified after isolation to enhance desirable attributes, to minimize undesirable attributes, or to create new attributes. Enzymatic, rather than chemical, approaches are used in the production of starch syrups, maltodextrins, and cyclodextrins. However, the desire for starch‐active enzymes working optimally at high temperatures and low pH conditions with superior stability and activity is still not satisfied and this stimulates interest in developing novel and improved starch‐active enzymes through a variety of strategies. This review provides current information on enzymes belonging to GH13, 57, 70, and 77 that can be used in structural modifications of the starch polysaccharides or to produce starch‐derived products from them. The characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of microbial enzymes are discussed (including 4‐α‐glucanotransferase, branching enzyme, maltogenic amylase, cyclomaltodextrinase, amylosucrase, and glucansucrase). Product diversity after starch‐converting reaction and utilization in industrial applications are also dealt with.
Unexpected Human Fatality Associated with Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Heat Treatment
Authors: Sanford Michelle R. , Torres Mirna , Ross Jennifer 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThermal insect treatments can be an effective method of controlling cryptic insect pests, particularly bed bugs, in residential settings. The treatments require high heat over a sustained timeframe. Residents are not present during treatment but return after completion. An unexpected death was investigated following heat treatment for bed bugs in the home of an elderly female, found with a postmortem axillary temperature of 106.2°F (41.2°C) approximately 8 h after returning home. The cause of death was classified as hyperthermia with a contributory cause of hypertensive cardiovascular disease. The manner of death was an accident. The decedent had medical history and medications that could have impaired her ability to dissipate heat. Furthermore, the air conditioning inside the residence was not functional following treatment. Recommendations including education regarding heat stroke and treatment, re‐entry timeframes, and/or temperature thresholds are suggested to reduce the risk of heat‐related injury or death in vulnerable populations.
Wandering Dementia—A Syndrome with Forensic Implications
Authors: Byard Roger W. , Langlois Neil E. I. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWandering behavior in dementia may result in significant injury or death. Search of files at Forensic Science South Australia over a 20‐year period (1998–2018) identified nine individuals with dementia who were found deceased having been reported as missing from home/residential facilities (M:F, 6:3; age range, 54–92 years; average, 77.7 years; median, 80 years). The established clinical diagnoses were of dementia in seven cases and Alzheimer disease in two. Deaths were unnatural in six cases: hypo/hyperthermia three, drowning two, train impact one; natural in two cases due to ischemic (N=1) and valvular heart disease (N=1); and undetermined in one case due to marked decomposition. There were five fatalities in winter. Exposure and drowning were significant causes of death. The increasing aging population means cases of lethal wandering dementia will be more often encountered among forensic cases in future. Issues around duty of care and suicide should be considered in evaluating cases.
Social Dimensions of Urban Flood Experience, Exposure, and Concern
Authors: Hale Rebecca L. , Flint Courtney G. , Jackson‐Smith Douglas , Endter‐Wada Joanna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith growing urban populations and climate change, urban flooding is an important global issue, even in dryland regions. Flood risk assessments are usually used to identify vulnerable locations and populations, flooding experience patterns, or levels of concern about flooding, but rarely are all of these approaches combined. Furthermore, the social dynamics of flood concerns, exposure, and experience are underexplored. We combined geographic and survey data on household‐level measures of flood experience, concern, and exposure in Utah's urbanizing Wasatch Front. We asked: (1) Are socially vulnerable groups more likely to be exposed to flood risk? (2) How common are flooding experiences among urban residents, and how are these experiences related to sociodemographic characteristics and exposure? and (3) How concerned are urban residents about flooding, and does concern vary by exposure, flood experience, and sociodemographic characteristics? Although floodplain residents were more likely to be White and have higher incomes, respondents who were of a racial/ethnic minority, were older, had less education, and were living in floodplains were more likely to report flood experiences and concern about flooding. Flood risk management approaches need to address social as well as physical sources of vulnerability to floods and recognize social sources of variation in flood experiences and concern.
The many faces of lung adenocarcinoma: A pictorial essay
Authors: Pascoe Heather M , Knipe Henry C , Pascoe Diane , Heinze Stefan B 
Published: August 2018

SummaryLung adenocarcinoma has a spectrum of appearances on CT, many of which mimic non‐malignant processes. The general radiologist has a major role in guiding the management of abnormalities detected on chest CT and an awareness of these appearances is vital. We describe the protean imaging manifestations of lung adenocarcinoma.
Labor Provisions in Trade Agreements (LABPTA): Introducing a New Dataset
Authors: Raess Damian , Sari Dora 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlobal labor policy through trade has begun to receive growing attention with the inclusion of labor provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs). Until recently there has been a shortage of available data that would adequately capture the variation that exists with respect to the scope and stringency of labor provisions, preventing scholars and practitioners from addressing key questions about the design and effects of the trade‐labor linkage. This paper introduces a new dataset covering 487 PTAs from 1990 to 2015 coded against 140 distinct items pertaining to six main categories, presenting – to our knowledge – the most rigorous and fine‐grained mapping of labor provisions. It also offers the first systematic description of key trends in the design and occurrence of those commitments. Our study shows that labor provisions have not only expanded in terms of their content and participating countries but that labor provisions have, although to a varying degree, also become more stringent over time. The provisions that have across all PTAs increased most steadily are the ones related to the institutional framework set up for the monitoring and implementation of labor commitments, becoming more specialized and more inclusive of third party involvement over time.