bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The bystander effect contributes to the accumulation of senescent cells in vivo
Authors: da Silva Paulo F. L. , Ogrodnik Mikolaj , Kucheryavenko Olena , Glibert Julien , Miwa Satomi , Cameron Kerry , Ishaq Abbas , Saretzki Gabriele , Nagaraja‐Grellscheid Sushma , Nelson Glyn , von Zglinicki Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSenescent cells accumulate with age in multiple tissues and may cause age‐associated disease and functional decline. In vitro, senescent cells induce senescence in bystander cells. To see how important this bystander effect may be for accumulation of senescent cells in vivo, we xenotransplanted senescent cells into skeletal muscle and skin of immunocompromised NSG mice. 3 weeks after the last transplantation, mouse dermal fibroblasts and myofibres displayed multiple senescence markers in the vicinity of transplanted senescent cells, but not where non‐senescent or no cells were injected. Adjacent to injected senescent cells, the magnitude of the bystander effect was similar to the increase in senescence markers in myofibres between 8 and 32 months of age. The age‐associated increase of senescence markers in muscle correlated with fibre thinning, a widely used marker of muscle aging and sarcopenia. Senescent cell transplantation resulted in borderline induction of centrally nucleated fibres and no significant thinning, suggesting that myofibre aging might be a delayed consequence of senescence‐like signalling. To assess the relative importance of the bystander effect versus cell‐autonomous senescence, we compared senescent hepatocyte frequencies in livers of wild‐type and NSG mice under ad libitum and dietary restricted feeding. This enabled us to approximate cell‐autonomous and bystander‐driven senescent cell accumulation as well as the impact of immunosurveillance separately. The results suggest a significant impact of the bystander effect for accumulation of senescent hepatocytes in liver and indicate that senostatic interventions like dietary restriction may act as senolytics in immunocompetent animals.
Simplifying the language of fetal monitoring
Authors: Yeoh Melissa , Ameratunga Devini , Lee Jacinta , Beckmann Michael 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundHealth professionals in Australia and New Zealand have used various intrapartum fetal surveillance (IFS) guidelines, with clear differences in how these guidelines present information. Based on clinician feedback, the 2015 Queensland Clinical Guideline on IFS structured the prose‐based Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) IFS Guidelines as a traffic‐light matrix and represented the categorical terms of unlikely, maybe, possible and likely fetal compromise, as the colours GREEN, BLUE, AMBER, and RED, respectively.AimsTo determine whether the interpretation of the RANZCOG IFS Guidelines in Table Format is more accurate and quicker compared to the current presentation of the RANZCOG Guideline in prose format.Materials and MethodTwenty‐nine clinicians, naïve to the use of the RANZCOG IFS Guidelines, interpreted ten cardiotocographs (CTGs) using one format and then the alternative format (totalling 580 CTG interpretations). Accuracy and time to decision were recorded as well as a participant questionnaire. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare differences.ResultsCompared to prose format, clinicians interpreted CTGs quicker using the table format (P < 0.01), especially CTGs representative of unlikely and maybe fetal compromise. There was a trend toward more accurate interpretation for table format for all clinicians, with significance among medical officers (P = 0.02). Participants responded more favourably to the table format regarding questions about ease of use, determining actions required, and desire to use the system in the future (P < 0.01).ConclusionsPresenting the RANZCOG IFS Guideline in table format as opposed to prose format improved the speed and accuracy of CTG interpretation and is preferred by clinicians.
Risk factors for high myopia: a 22‐year follow‐up study from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Pärssinen Olavi , Kauppinen Markku 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effect of the definition of high myopia on its prevalence and risk factors for high myopia.MethodsA total of 240 myopic schoolchildren (119 boys and 121 girls) at the mean age of 10.9 years (range 8.8–12.8 years) were recruited to a randomized clinical trial of myopia treatment among children from 3rd‐ and 5th grades of school referred for an eye examination due to poor distant vision and having no previous spectacles. Clinical follow‐ups, including refraction with cycloplegia, were conducted annually at 3 years [third follow‐up here = clinical follow‐up 1, (n = 237)], and thereafter twice at approximately 10‐year intervals [clinical follow‐ups 2 (n = 179) and 3, (n = 134)]. Additional refraction values between follow‐ups 2 and 3 were received from ophthalmologists and opticians’ prescriptions and records. The most recent adulthood refraction measure available was taken as the final refraction value for 204 (85%) of the original cohort [mean follow‐up time (±standard deviation) 22.1 (±3.9) years]. Parental myopia, time spent on reading and close work, watching TV and outdoor activities were assessed with a questionnaire at the clinical follow‐ups. The influence of different definitions of high myopia on its prevalence was analysed. The associations of different factors with high myopia were investigated.ResultsMean spherical equivalent (SE) at baseline was −1.43 (±0.60) D, ranging from ‐0.38 D to −3.00 D. At follow‐up end, mean SE of the more myopic eye was −5.29 (±1.95) D, ranging from −1.00 D to −11.25 D. High myopia prevalence with the definitions SE < −6.00 D in the right eye and SE ≤ −6.00 D or ≤−5.00 D in either eye was 24%, 32% and 52%, respectively. In this study, high myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ −6.00 D in either eye. If both parents were myopic, the odds ratio (OR) of having high myopia was 3.9 (95% CI: 1.5–10.4). Younger age at baseline predicted higher prevalence of high myopia; baseline ages between 8.8 and 9.7 and between 11.9 and 12.8 years gave prevalences 65% and 7%. Higher myopia at baseline, higher myopic progression between the first follow‐ups and more time spent on reading and close work as compared with time spent outdoors were associated with high myopia.ConclusionAbout 32% of the children receiving first spectacles for myopia between ages of 8.8–12.8 years had high myopia (SE ≤ −6.00 D in either eye) in adulthood. Different definitions of high myopia ranging between −5 D and −6 D lead to large differences in prevalence. A generally accepted definition of high myopia is thus needed. Parental myopia, age at baseline, myopic progression during the first post onset year, and more time spent on reading and close work and less on outdoor activities in childhood were associated with adulthood high myopia.
Objective assessment of robotic suturing skills with a new computerized system: A step forward in the training of robotic surgeons
Authors: Busch Caleb , Nakadate Ryu , Uemura Munenori , Obata Satoshi , Jimbo Takahiro , Hashizume Makoto 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to assess robot‐assisted suturing skills on a laparoscopic intestinal anastomosis model by using a novel computerized objective assessment system.MethodsThis study compared the suturing skills of 13 surgically naïve participants on an artificial intestinal anastomosis model that mimics real tissue. Each examinee sutured using da Vinci robot assistance under 2‐D and 3‐D visualization and with conventional laparoscopy (CL). Pressure‐measuring and image‐processing devices were employed to quantitatively evaluate suturing skills. Five unique criteria were used to evaluate the skills of participants.ResultsSuturing under 3‐D visualization (P < 0.01) and with CL (P < 0.05) were significantly faster than under 2‐D visualization. Sutures placed under 3‐D (P < 0.05) and 2‐D (P < 0.01) visualization had significantly better suture tension than those placed with CL, which did not meet acceptable values for suture tension. Sutures placed with CL had significantly better air pressure leakage than those placed under 2‐D visualization (P < 0.05), which did not meet acceptable values for air pressure leakage and wound opening area. One participants failed to achieve full‐thickness sutures with 2‐D, two participants with CL, and one participant with 3‐D.ConclusionUsing 3‐D vision is necessary for complex maneuvering during robot‐assisted minimally invasive surgery. Our quantitative assessment system is useful for evaluating the skill acquisition of surgeon‐trainees undergoing robotic surgery training.
Blockchain and the Journey Beyond Double Entry
Authors: Carlin Tyrone 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhilst blockchain technology has attracted substantial attention within the scholarly literature of a number of disciplines, including economics, finance, law and technology, it has been subject to minimal discussion and scrutiny within the scholarly accounting literature. This article argues that this is a missed opportunity and that the maturation of blockchain technology may represent as profound a shift in accounting as the emergence and adoption of double‐entry accounting.
Anthropomorphism, social understanding, and imaginary companions
Authors: Tahiroglu Deniz , Taylor Marjorie 
Published: November 2018

In two studies, we investigated the correlates of anthropomorphism, the attribution of unobservable mental states to inanimate entities and non‐human animals. In Study 1, we investigated the relations between anthropomorphism, social understanding, empathy, prosocial attitudes, and history of childhood imaginary companions in a college sample (N = 264;Mage = 19 years, 2 months). In Study 2, we explored the relations between two different measures of anthropomorphism, theory of mind, imaginary companions, and social preferences in 73 children (Mage = 5 years, 5 months). Anthropomorphism was not strongly correlated with social understanding in adults or with theory of mind in children. There was, however, some evidence for links between anthropomorphism and reports of having imaginary companions and social preferences. Moreover, the two measures of anthropomorphism were not correlated with each other and yielded different patterns of results in Study 2, a finding that is discussed in relation to different forms of anthropomorphism.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?There are individual differences in anthropomorphism in both adults and children.There are two different methods to assess anthropomorphism: self‐reports and narration of movies of geometric shapes.The two different methods that are used to assess anthropomorphism yield different developmental patterns.What does this study add?Individual differences in social understanding or theory of mind are not associated with individual differences in anthropomorphism.Having a childhood imaginary companion is linked with a tendency to anthropomorphize in both children and adults.Two measures of anthropomorphism are not correlated in children, consistent with the view that there are different forms of anthropomorphism.
Outcome of patients aged 80 years or older treated for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Al‐Sawaf Othman , Bahlo Jasmin , Robrecht Sandra , Fischer Kirsten , Herling Carmen D. , Hoechstetter Manuela , Fink Anna‐Maria , von Tresckow Julia , Langerbeins Petra , Cramer Paula , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Wendtner Clemens M. , Eichhorst Barbara , Hallek Michael , Goede Valentin 
Published: November 2018

SummaryClinical management of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in patients aged ≥80 years is based on limited evidence due to the lack of published information. Therefore, we analysed CLL patients aged ≥80 years using data from seven phase III clinical trials of the German CLL Study Group. Among 3552 participants, 152 were ≥80 years old at initiation of first‐line study treatment. Median age was 82 years (range 80–90). Concomitant diseases were present in 99% of the patients, with a median cumulative illness rating scale score of 8 (0–18). Chemoimmunotherapy with chlorambucil‐obinutuzumab (CLB‐OB) or chlorambucil‐rituximab (CLB‐R) was administered to 61 (40%) and 56 (37%) patients. The remaining patients received CLB (n = 19) or fludarabine (F, n = 10), F/cyclophosphamide (FC, n = 1), FC/rituximab (FCR, n = 2) or bendamustine/rituximab (BR, n = 3). Rates of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and infections were 35% and 13%. Overall response rate was 77% with 13% complete remissions. Median progression‐free survival and treatment‐free survival were 17·2 and 32·3 months, respectively. Median overall survival was 48·3 months; adverse events (22%) and progressive CLL (16·4%) were the most frequent causes of death. These findings suggest that anti‐leukaemic treatment including chemoimmunotherapy is feasible and efficacious in ≥80‐year‐old CLL patients. However, this group of patients lives for a shorter time than age‐matched controls of the general population.
Aplastic anaemia in pregnancy – a single centre, North American series
Authors: McGowan Kelly E. , Malinowski Ann K. , Schuh Andre C. , Whittle Wendy , Shehata Nadine 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAplastic anaemia (AA) is infrequently observed in pregnancy. We describe 19 pregnancies in 9 women at a tertiary care centre over a period of 30 years. Spontaneous resolution of AA did not occur postpartum in the five pregnancies where AA was first diagnosed in pregnancy. In the remaining pregnancies, although haematological indices declined and transfusion support was needed in 35% of pregnancies, relapses were not observed. There were no deaths, but complications occurred in 79% of pregnancies. Preterm delivery and postpartum haemorrhage were observed in 21% and 26% of pregnancies, respectively.
The PPARα agonist fenofibrate attenuates disruption of dopamine function in a maternal immune activation rat model of schizophrenia
Authors: De Felice Marta , Melis Miriam , Aroni Sonia , Muntoni Anna Lisa , Fanni Silvia , Frau Roberto , Devoto Paola , Pistis Marco 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAimsPrenatal maternal immune activation (MIA) is associated with a risk to develop schizophrenia and affects dopamine systems in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), key region in the neurobiology of psychoses. Considering the well‐described sex differences in schizophrenia, we investigated whether sex affects MIA impact on dopamine system and on schizophrenia‐related behavioral phenotype. Furthermore, considering peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPARα) expression in the CNS as well as its anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, we tested if PPARα activation by prenatal treatment with a clinically available fibrate (fenofibrate) may mitigate MIA‐related effects.MethodsWe induced MIA in rat dams with polyriboinosinic‐polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) and assessed prepulse inhibition and dopamine neuron activity in the VTA by means of electrophysiological recordings in male and female preweaned and adult offspring.ResultsPoly I:C‐treated males displayed prepulse inhibition deficits, reduced number and firing rate of VTA dopamine neurons, and paired‐pulse facilitation of inhibitory and excitatory synapses. Prenatal fenofibrate administration attenuated detrimental effects induced by MIA on both the schizophrenia‐like behavioral phenotype and dopamine transmission in male offspring.ConclusionOur study confirms previous evidence that females are less susceptible to MIA and highlights PPARα as a potential target for treatments in schizophrenia.
Facilitation promotes invasions in plant‐associated microbial communities
Authors: Li Mei , Wei Zhong , Wang Jianing , Jousset Alexandre , Friman Ville‐Petri , Xu Yangchun , Shen Qirong , Pommier Thomas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWhile several studies have established a positive correlation between community diversity and invasion resistance, it is less clear how species interactions within resident communities shape this process. Here, we experimentally tested how antagonistic and facilitative pairwise interactions within resident model microbial communities predict invasion by the plant–pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. We found that facilitative resident community interactions promoted and antagonistic interactions suppressed invasions both in the lab and in the tomato plant rhizosphere. Crucially, pairwise interactions reliably explained observed invasion outcomes also in multispecies communities, and mechanistically, this was linked to direct inhibition of the invader by antagonistic communities (antibiosis), and to a lesser degree by resource competition between members of the resident community and the invader. Together, our findings suggest that the type and strength of pairwise interactions can reliably predict the outcome of invasions in more complex multispecies communities.
Incidence of and risk factors for development of oral mucositis in outpatients undergoing cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Çakmak Seher , Nural Nesrin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimThe aims of the study are to determine the incidence of oral mucositis, the stage of the condition, risk factors, and other oral complications in patients receiving outpatient chemotherapy and to evaluate the factors that have an impact on these.MethodsThe study included 147 patients undergoing outpatient cancer chemotherapy at the Chemotherapy Unit of a University Hospital between February and April 2015. We used a questionnaire and the World Health Organization “Mucositis Grading Scale”. Chi‐squared tests were used to determine the relationships between factors, and multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to explore predictive factors.ResultsThe frequency of oral mucositis was 51.7%. The most common oral problems were mouth dryness (55.1%), a reduced/changed sense of taste (52.4%), and a lack of appetite (47.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for oral mucositis were advanced age, a lack of appetite, and the duration of chemotherapy.ConclusionsAs a result, half of all patients undergoing outpatient cancer chemotherapy developed oral mucositis. Patients are unable to adequately prevent oral mucositis and carry out oral care. It is recommended that more studies be conducted in outpatient units to evaluate predictive factors for oral mucositis.
Small molecule nAS‐E targeting cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and CREB‐binding protein interaction inhibits breast cancer bone metastasis
Authors: Jiang Min , Yan Yufei , Yang Kai , Liu Zhuochao , Qi Jin , Zhou Hanbing , Qian Niandong , Zhou Qi , Wang Tianqi , Xu Xing , Xiao Xiangshu , Deng Lianfu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBone is the most common metastatic site for breast cancer. The excessive osteoclast activity in the metastatic bone lesions often produces osteolysis. The cyclic‐AMP (cAMP)‐response element binding protein (CREB) serves a variety of biological functions including the transformation and immortalization of breast cancer cells. In addition, evidence has shown that CREB plays a key role in osteoclastgenesis and bone resorption. Small organic molecules with good pharmacokinetic properties and specificity, targeting CREB‐CBP (CREB‐binding protein) interaction to inhibit CREB‐mediated gene transcription have attracted more considerations as cancer therapeutics. We recently identified naphthol AS‐E (nAS‐E) as a cell‐permeable inhibitor of CREB‐mediated gene transcription through inhibiting CREB‐CBP interaction. In this study, we tested the effect of nAS‐E on breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration as well as osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro for the first time. Our results demonstrated that nAS‐E inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, survival and suppressed osteoclast differentiation as well as bone resorption through inhibiting CREB‐CBP interaction. In addition, the in vivo effect of nAS‐E in protecting against breast cancer‐induced osteolysis was evaluated. Our results indicated that nAS‐E could reverse bone loss induced by MDA‐MB‐231 tumour. These results suggest that small molecules targeting CREB‐CBP interaction to inhibit CREB‐mediated gene transcription might be a potential approach for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastasis.
Examining the implementation of clinical practice guidelines for the management of adult cancers: A mixed methods study
Authors: Urquhart Robin , Woodside Hillary , Kendell Cynthia , Porter Geoff A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesFocusing on the implementation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of adult cancers, the objectives of this study were to (a) describe the intrinsic elements known to influence CPG use; (b) identify the ways in which CPGs are implemented; and (c) explore how CPG characteristics and contextual factors influence implementation and use.MethodsWe conducted a sequential mixed methods study. First, we performed a content analysis of all CPGs developed and approved for the management of adult cancers in Nova Scotia, Canada, from 2005 to 2015. CPGs were examined for the presence of 22 elements known to influence CPG use. Next, we conducted semistructured interviews with CPG developers and end users. Participants were purposively sampled, based on the findings of the content analysis. All interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed by two researchers using the Framework Method.ResultsCPGs (n = 20) demonstrated large variation with respect to elements shown to influence CPG use. For example, 85% included content related to individualization and objectives. Yet no CPGs (0%) had journal or patient versions; discussed the education, training, or competencies needed to deliver recommendations; contained an explicit statement on anticipated work changes, or on potential direct or productivity costs; or identified barriers or facilitators that might influence CPG adoption. Interview data from CPG developers (n = 4) and users (n = 6) revealed five themes related to CPG implementation and use: (a) lack of consistency in CPG development; (b) timing and nature of stakeholder engagement; (c) credibility of the CPG development process and final CPGs; (d) limited understanding of implementation as an active process; and (e) factors at organizational and system levels influence CPG implementation and use.ConclusionsThis mixed methods study provides complementary data that may help inform more effective CPG implementation efforts and optimize their use in practice.