bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double aromaticity arising from σ- and π-rings
Authors: Furukawa Shunsuke , Fujita Masahiro , Kanatomi Yoshihiko , Minoura Mao , Hatanaka Miho , Morokuma Keiji , Ishimura Kazuya , Saito Masaichi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAromaticity has been a central concept in chemistry since the discovery of benzene in the 19th century and has impacted the science of delocalized π-electron systems. The aromaticity of conventional aromatic compounds usually originates from electron delocalization through a single ring that consists of π-symmetric orbitals. Although double aromaticity, i.e. aromaticity composed of two circularly delocalized orbitals, has been theoretically predicted for over 20 years, the double aromaticity of a bench-stable compound is not well explored by experiment. Here we report the synthesis and isolation of the dication of hexakis(phenylselenyl)benzene, as well as its double aromaticity based on structural, energetic, and magnetic criteria. In this dication, cyclic σ-symmetric and π-symmetric delocalized orbitals are formally occupied by ten and six electrons, respectively, and the aromaticity thus follows the 4n + 2 (n = 1, 2,…) electron Hückel rule, regardless of the σ-orbital or π-orbital symmetry.
Bakuchiol protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy by blocking NF-κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Zheng , Gao Lu , Xiao Lili , Kong Lingyao , Shi Huiting , Tian Xinyu , Zhao Luosha 
Published: September 2018

Bakuchiol (Bak), a monoterpene phenol isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia, has been widely used to treat a large variety of diseases in both Indian and Chinese folkloric medicine. However, the effects of Bak on cardiac hypertrophy remain unclear. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine whether Bak could alleviate cardiac hypertrophy. Mice were subjected to aortic banding (AB) to induce cardiac hypertrophy model. Bak of 1 ml/100 g body weight was given by oral gavage once a day from 1 to 8 weeks after surgery. Our data demonstrated for the first time that Bak could attenuate pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and could attenuate fibrosis and the inflammatory response induced by AB. The results further revealed that the effect of Bak on cardiac hypertrophy was mediated by blocking the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In vitro studies performed in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes further proved that the protective effect of Bak on cardiac hypertrophy is largely dependent on the NF-κB pathway. Based on our results, Bak shows profound potential for its application in the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and we believe that Bak may be a promising therapeutic candidate to treat cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Magnetic field variations associated with umbral flashes and penumbral waves
Authors: Joshi Jayant , de la Cruz Rodríguez Jaime 
Published: September 2018

Context. Umbral flashes (UF) and running penumbral waves (RPWs) in sunspot chromospheres leave a dramatic imprint in the intensity profile of the Ca II 8542 Å line. Recent studies have focussed on also explaining the observed polarization profiles, which show even more dramatic variations during the passage of these shock fronts. While most of these variations can be explained with an almost constant magnetic field as a function of time, several studies have reported changes in the inferred magnetic field strength during UF phases. These changes could be explained by opacity effects or by intrinsic changes in the magnetic field strength.
Aims. In this study we investigate the origin of these periodic variations of the magnetic field strength by analyzing a time-series of high-temporal-cadence observations acquired in the Ca II 8542 Å line with the CRISP instrument at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. In particular, we analyze how the inferred geometrical height scale changes between quiescent and UF phases, and whether those changes are enough to explain the observed changes in the magnetic field, B.
Methods. We have performed non local thermodynamical equilibrium (non-LTE) data inversions with the NICOLE code of a time-series of very high spatio-temporal-resolution observations in the Ca II 8542 Å, Fe I 6301.5, and Fe I 6302.5 Å lines. We analyze in detail the variations of the different physical parameters of the model as a function of time.
Results. Our results indicate that the Ca II 8542 Å line in sunspots is greatly sensitive to magnetic fields at log τ500 = −5 (hereafter log τ = −5) during UFs and quiescence. However this optical depth value does not correspond to the same geometrical height during the two phases. Our results indicate that during UFs and RPWs the log τ = −5 is located at a higher geometrical height than during quiescence. Additionally, the inferred magnetic field values are higher in UFs (up to ∼270 G) and in RPWs (∼100 G).
Conclusions. Our results suggest that opacity changes caused by UFs and RPWs cannot explain the observed temporal variations in the magnetic field, as the line seems to form at higher geometrical heights where the field is expected to be lower.
Seismic characterization of red giants going through the helium-core flash
Authors: Deheuvels S. , Belkacem K. 
Published: September 2018

Context. First-ascent red giants in the approximate mass range 0.7 ≲ M/M⊙ ≲ 2 ignite helium in their degenerate core as a flash. Stellar evolution codes predict that the He flash consists of a series of consecutive subflashes. Observational evidence of the existence of the He flash and subflashes is lacking. The detection of mixed modes in red giants from space missions CoRoT and Kepler has opened new opportunities to search for such evidence.
Aims. During a subflash, the He-burning shell is convective, which splits the cavity of gravity modes in two. We here investigate how this additional cavity modifies the oscillation spectrum of the star. We also address the question of the detectability of the modes, to determine whether they could be used to seismically identify red giants passing through the He flash.
Methods. We calculate the asymptotic mode frequencies of stellar models going through a He subflash using the Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (JWKB) approximation. To predict the detectability of the modes, we estimate their expected heights, taking into account the effects of radiative damping in the core. Our results are then compared to the oscillation spectra obtained by numerically calculating the mode frequencies during a He subflash.
Results. We show that during a He subflash, the detectable oscillation spectrum mainly consists of modes trapped in the acoustic cavity and in the outer g-mode cavity. The spectrum should thus at first sight resemble that of a core-helium-burning giant. However, we find a list of clear, detectable features that could enable us to identify red giants passing through a He subflash. In particular, during a He subflash, several modes that are trapped in the innermost g-mode cavity are expected to be detectable. We show that these modes could be identified by their frequencies or by their rotational splittings. Other features, such as the measured period spacing of gravity modes or the location of the H-burning shell within the g-mode cavity could also be used to identify stars going through a He subflash.
Conclusions. The features derived in this study can now be searched for in the large datasets provided by the CoRoT and Kepler missions.
Super star cluster feedback driving ionization, shocks and outflows in the halo of the nearby starburst ESO 338-IG04
Authors: Bik A. , Östlin G. , Menacho V. , Adamo A. , Hayes M. , Herenz E. C. , Melinder J. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Stellar feedback strongly affects the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies. Stellar feedback in the first galaxies likely plays a major role in enabling the escape of LyC photons, which contribute to the re-ionization of the Universe. Nearby starburst galaxies serve as local analogues allowing for a spatially resolved assessment of the feedback processes in these galaxies.
Aims.We aim to characterize the feedback effects from the star clusters in the local high-redshift analogue ESO 338-IG04 on the ISM and compare the results with the properties of the most massive clusters.
Methods. We used high quality VLT/MUSE optical integral field data to derive the physical properties of the ISM such as ionization, density, shocks, and performed new fitting of the spectral energy distributions of the brightest clusters in ESO 338-IG04 from HST imaging.
Results.We find that ESO 338-IG04 has a large ionized halo which we detect to a distance of 9 kpc. We identify four Wolf-Rayet (WR) clusters based on the blue and red WR bump. We follow previously identified ionization cones and find that the ionization of the halo increases with distance. Analysis of the galaxy kinematics shows two complex outflows driven by the numerous young clusters in the galaxy. We find a ring of shocked emission traced by an enhanced [O I]/Hα ratio surrounding the starburst and at the end of the outflow. Finally we detect nitrogen enriched gas associated with the outflow, likely caused by the WR stars in the massive star clusters.
Conclusions. Photoionization dominates the central starburst and sets the ionization structure of the entire halo, resulting in a density bounded halo, facilitating the escape of LyC photons. Outside the central starburst, shocks triggered by an expanding super bubble become important. The shocks at the end of the outflow suggest interaction between the hot outflowing material and the more quiescent halo gas.
X-ray and UV emission of the ultrashort-period, low-mass eclipsing binary system BX Trianguli
Authors: Perdelwitz V. , Czesla S. , Robrade J. , Pribulla T. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. 
Published: September 2018

Context.Close binary systems provide an excellent tool for determining stellar parameters such as radii and masses with a high degree of precision. Due to the high rotational velocities, most of these systems exhibit strong signs of magnetic activity, postulated to be the underlying reason for radius inflation in many of the components.Aims.We extend the sample of low-mass binary systems with well-known X-ray properties.Methods.We analyze data from a singularXMM-Newtonpointing of the close, low-mass eclipsing binary system BX Tri. The UV light curve was modeled with the eclipsing binary modeling toolPHOEBEand data acquired with the EPIC cameras was analyzed to search for hints of orbital modulation.Results.We find clear evidence of orbital modulation in the UV light curve and show thatPHOEBEis fully capable of modeling data within this wavelength range. Comparison to a theoretical flux prediction based onPHOENIXmodels shows that the majority of UV emission is of photospheric origin. While the X-ray light curve does exhibit strong variations, the signal-to-noise ratio of the observation is insufficient for a clear detection of signs of orbital modulation. There is evidence of a Neupert-like correlation between UV and X-ray data.
Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern
Authors: Dodel Richard , Koschel Jiri , Lorenzl Stefan , Levin Johannes , van Eimeren Thilo , Höglinger Günter 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Demenz mit Lewy-Körpern ist histopathologisch durch die Ablagerung von α-Synuclein in Einschlusskörpern gekennzeichnet. Für die klinische Diagnose wird eine fortschreitende Demenz sowie das Auftreten von Fluktuationen der Kognition, früh im Krankheitsverlauf auftretende visuelle Halluzinationen, REM-Schlafverhaltensstörungen sowie die Symptome eines Parkinson-Syndroms zugrunde gelegt. Anhand der 2017 erschienenen neuen Kriterien soll eine bessere Trennung von anderen neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen mit Demenz möglich sein. Therapiekonzepte beinhalten die Behandlung der motorischen sowie der kognitiven Leistungseinbuße sowie die psychologischen und Verhaltenssymptome. Gegenwärtig stehen nur wenige Studien für dieses Krankheitsbild zur Verfügung, so dass Evidenz-basierte Therapieansätze nur bedingt möglich sind.
Long-Term Effects on Volume Change in Musculocutaneous Flaps after Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Sakakibara Akiko , Kusumoto Junya , Sakakibara Shunsuke , Hasegawa Takumi , Akashi Masaya , Minamikawa Tsutomu , Furudoi Shungo , Hashikawa Kazunobu , Komori Takahide 
Published: September 2018

Objective Musculocutaneous flap reconstruction surgery is one of the standard procedures following head and neck cancer resection. However, no previous studies have classified flaps in terms of muscle and fat or examined them after long-term follow-up. The purpose of this study was to estimate the fat and muscle volume changes in musculocutaneous flaps during long-term follow-up.
Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 35 patients after musculocutaneous flap reconstruction. The total, fat, and muscle volumes of the musculocutaneous flaps were measured using 3-dimensional images. Changes in flap volumes over time (1 month, 1 year [POY1], and 5 years [POY5] postoperatively) were assessed. Flap persistence was calculated using flap volumes at 1 month after reconstruction for reference.
Results Flap persistence at POY5 was 42.0% in total, 64.1% in fat, and 25.4% in muscle. Muscle persistence was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001). In a multiple regression analysis, decreased body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 5% influenced fat persistence less than muscle persistence at POY1; however, there was no significant difference at POY5. Postoperative radiation therapy was associated with a significant decrease in total flap persistence at POY1 (p = 0.046) and POY5 (p = 0.0097). Muscle persistence significantly decreased at POY5 (p = 0.0108). Age significantly influenced muscle volume at POY1 (p = 0.0072).
Conclusion Reconstruction flaps are well-preserved with high fat-to-muscle ratios. Recommendations for weight maintenance are necessary for patients less than 2 years after surgery due to the influence of BMI on fat persistence. Radiation therapy is necessary for some patients based on their disease state. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy can be offered to reduce scattering irradiation to normal tissues.
Vitamin D in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Maus U. , Lazovic D. , Seeger J. B. , Roth K. E. , Kurth A. A. , Horas K. , Maier G. S. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Einfluss von Vitamin D im Rahmen der Pathogenese von muskuloskeletalen Erkrankungen ist aktuell ein Thema von hohem wissenschaftlichem Interesse. Nahezu alle Altersschichten der Bevölkerung sind von einer Vitamin-D-Unterversorgung gefährdet. Vitamin D ist ein essenzieller Faktor für die Knochengesundheit und Muskelfunktion, beides Kernelemente der Orthopädie. Zahlreiche Studien zeigten einen möglichen Zusammenhang zwischen dem Serum Vitamin-D-Spiegel und orthopädisch/traumatologischen Krankheitsbildern. In diesen Beobachtungsstudien wurden diverse negative Auswirkungen eines Vitamin-D-Mangels auf das Ergebnis nach Endoprothesenoperationen und den Verlauf orthopädisch/traumatologischer Krankheitsbilder beschrieben. Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen Überblick über dieses stetig wachsende Themengebiet bieten.
The Role of Vitamin D and the Vitamin D Receptor in Bone Oncology
Authors: Holzapfel B. M. , Jakob F. , Kurth A. A. , Maier G. , Horas K. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryVitamin D deficiency is a global health problem of enormous and increasing dimensions. In the past decades, numerous studies have centered on the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis and course of many diseases including several types of cancer. Indeed, vitamin D has been widely acknowledged to be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in numerous cancer cells. While the full range of molecular mechanisms involveld in cancer cell growth and progression remains to be elucidated, recent research has deepened our understanding of the processes that may be affected by vitamin D or vitamin D deficiency.In this review, we consider the properties of bone that enable cancer cells to grow and thrive within the skeleton, and the role of vitamin D and the vitamin D receptor in the process of primary and secondary cancer growth in bone.
Histopathologische Befunde am Interface einer künstlichen Hüftpfanne mit einer 3D-Titannetz-Beschichtung nach einer Standzeit von 27 Jahren
Authors: Koch A. K. , Amling M. , Hahn M. , Koch F. W. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungMetallische Leitgerüste zur Knochenanbindung unter Lasteinfluss sind seit mehr als 60 Jahren Gegenstand einer stetigen Forschung. 1982 erfolgte nach intensiven tierexperimentellen Untersuchungen durch Jorge Galante die erste Implantation einer künstlichen Hüftpfanne mit einer Beschichtung aus einem Titangeflecht. Um die Struktur des dreidimensionalen Titangeflechts während der Anbindung und Verschmelzung mit der aus TI-6Al-4V-Legierung bestehenden Pfanne nicht zu beeinflussen, erfolgte der Verschweißungsprozess unter milden Temperaturbedingungen. Es entstand ein Verbund mit starker Schichthaftung. Um einen soliden knöchernen Einbau der beschichteten künstlichen Hüftpfanne im menschlichem Beckenknochen zu gewährleisten, waren Poren mit einem Durchmesser von 100–300 μ erforderlich. Zusammen mit den interkonnektierenden Kanälen als den Verbindungswegen zwischen den Poren war ein ausgedehnter Knocheneinwuchs möglich.In dem hier vorliegenden Fall wird über die histopathologischen Befunde am interface eines Pfannenimplantats mit einer fibermesh-Beschichtung nach 27 Jahren Standzeit berichtet.Bei einem 82-jährigen Mann wurde die künstliche Hüftpfanne wegen eines ausgedehnten Inlay-Verschleißes explantiert. Nach Auftrennen der Metallkomponente mit der Diamantsäge und Aufarbeiten des vollhemisphärischen Präparats zu einem unentkalkten Dünnschliffpräparat (Dicke 30 μ) erfolgte die Färbung mit Toluidinblau.Auffällig war eine enorme Variationsbreite der Porosität sowie der Nachweis von Abriebpartikeln in einigen interkonnektierenden Porenkanälen. Ein Knocheneinwuchs war nahezu an allen Stellen der dreidimensionalen Beschichtung des Titandrahtgeflechts nachzuweisen. Der Knochen umgab einzelne Titandrähte und reichte oft bis an die Pfannenschale hinab.Die histopathologischen Befunde am Einzelpräparat weisen darauf hin, dass auch nach 27 Jahren Standzeit das Drahtgeflecht aus Reintitan als festverschweißte und gegen Abrieb resistente Pfannenbeschichtung einen Knocheneinwuchs bis auf die solide Grundschale der künstlichen Hüftpfanne zulässt.
Designing effective water policy: capacity and effectiveness of reforms in developing countries
Authors: Jensen Olivia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDesigning effective water policy in developing countries is challenging for many reasons, including limited capacity to formulate and implement policy. This paper examines major water policy reforms in two exemplary cases, Malaysia and the Metro Manila region of the Philippines, considering the quality of regulatory design and how this relates to policy capacity. The paper identifies ways in which policy design can anticipate challenges associated with capacity limitations.
Everyday Discrimination Prospectively Predicts Blood Pressure Across 10 Years in Racially/Ethnically Diverse Midlife Women: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Authors: Moody Danielle L Beatty , Chang Yue-Fang , Pantesco Elizabeth J , Darden Taylor M , Lewis Tené T , Brown Charlotte , Bromberger Joyce T , Matthews Karen A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Interpersonal discrimination is linked to greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and this association varies by race/ethnicity.

Purpose
To examine whether exposure to everyday discrimination prospectively predicts elevated blood pressure (BP), whether this association differs by race/ethnicity, and is mediated by adiposity indices.

Methods
Using data for 2,180 self-identified White, Black, Chinese, Japanese, and Hispanic participants from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, we examined associations among exposure to (higher vs. lower) everyday discrimination at baseline and BP and hypertension (HTN; systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥ 140 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥ 90 mmHg; or self-reported HTN medication use) risk over a 10 year period. Additionally, we used the bootstrap method to assess repeated, time-varying markers of central and overall adiposity (waist circumference and body mass index [BMI] (kg/m2), respectively) as potential mediators.

Results
Exposure to everyday discrimination predicted increases in SBP and DBP over time, even after adjusting for known demographic, behavioral, or medical risk factors. However, greater waist circumference or BMI (examined separately) mediated these observations. Notably, there were no racial/ethnic differences in the observed association and HTN risk was not predicted.

Conclusions
The current findings suggest that everyday discrimination may contribute to elevated BP over time in U.S. women, in part, through increased adiposity. These findings demonstrate the complexity of the linkage of discrimination to CVD risk and raise the need to closely examine biobehavioral pathways that may serve as potential mediators.
Length of Stay Beyond Medical Readiness in Neurosurgical Patients: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Linzey Joseph R , Kahn Elyne N , Shlykov Maksim A , Johnson Kyle T , Sullivan Katie , Pandey Aditya S 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In an era of growing healthcare costs, there is increased pressure on medical care providers to discharge patients once they are medically fit. However, it is not uncommon for patients to stay beyond medical readiness (BMR).

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the frequency with which patients remain in the hospital BMR.

METHODS
A prospective cohort analysis utilizing a database maintained between 2014 and 2015 included 718 adults admitted to the neurosurgical service. The attending for admitted patients was asked on a daily basis as to whether the patient was medically cleared for discharge. Standard statistical analyses were performed.

RESULTS
Of the 718 patients, 105 (14.6%) remained in the hospital BMR. Of the patients who presented with a spinal pathology, 17.8% had a length of stay (LOS)-BMR compared to 13.9% who presented with cerebrovascular pathologies and 14.8% who presented with a brain tumor. The average LOS-BMR was 1.8 d. Only 7.7% of patients who were discharged home had an LOS-BMR compared to 30.7% of patients who were discharged to a skilled nursing facility or rehabilitation center (P < .001). In logistic regression, a physical therapy consultation and discharge to a specialized nursing facility were both associated with a longer LOS (average 2.4 d longer, P < .001, and 6.2 d longer, P = .028, respectively). However, neither was associated with an LOS-BMR.

CONCLUSION
LOS-BMR is an important process engineering concept within neurosurgery that represents a potential area for improvement to maximize limited healthcare resources. A sizeable portion of neurosurgical patients remained in the hospital BMR.