bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Fabrication and Applications
Authors: Yang Dong , Yang Ruixia , Priya Shashank , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlexible perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread research effort because of their potential in portable electronics. The efficiency has exceeded 18 % owing to the high‐quality perovskite film achieved by various low‐temperature fabrication methods and matching of the interface and electrode materials. This Review focuses on recent progress in flexible perovskite solar cells concerning low‐temperature fabrication methods to improve the properties of perovskite films, such as full coverage, uniform morphology, and good crystallinity; demonstrated interface layers used in flexible perovskite solar cells, considering key figures‐of‐merit such as high transmittance, high carrier mobility, suitable band gap, and easy fabrication via low‐temperature methods; flexible transparent electrode materials developed to enhance the mechanical stability of the devices; mechanical and long‐term environmental stability; an outlook of flexible perovskite solar cells in portable electronic devices; and perspectives of commercialization for flexible perovskite solar cells based on cost.
An Iron‐Containing Metal–Organic Framework as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Ozone Decomposition
Authors: Wang Hang , Rassu Pietro , Wang Xiao , Li Haiwei , Wang Xiaorui , Wang Xiaoqi , Feng Xiao , Yin Anxiang , Li Pengfei , Jin Xu , Chen Shi‐Lu , Ma Xiaojie , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe present an iron‐containing metal–organic framework, MIL‐100(Fe), for ozone removal. MIL‐100(Fe) exhibits long‐lasting ozone conversion efficiency of 100 % for over 100 h under a relative humidity of 45 % and space velocity of 1.9×105 h−1 at room temperature, which is well beyond the performance of most porous or metal catalysts such as activated carbon and α‐MnO2. We also investigated the impact of humidity level and elucidated the plausible reaction mechanism, which is further confirmed by DFT calculations. Furthermore, MIL‐100(Fe) can be processed into films and used as filtration layer in a mask to protect personnel against ozone contamination. This study demonstrates the promising potential of MOFs in ozone pollution control, and also offers new insights for the design of ozone decomposition catalysts.
Metal‐Free Radical Borylation of Alkyl and Aryl Iodides
Authors: Cheng Ying , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA metal‐free radical borylation of alkyl and aryl iodides with bis(catecholato)diboron (B2cat2) as the boron source under mild conditions is introduced. The borylation reaction is operationally easy to conduct and shows high functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Radical clock experiments and density functional theory calculations provide insights into the mechanism and rate constants for C‐radical borylation with B2cat2 are disclosed.
Carbon dot‐based fluorescent probes for sensitive and selective detection of luteolin through the inner filter effect
Authors: Sun Qianqian , Long Yuwei , Pan Shuang , Liu Hui , Yang Jidong , Hu Xiaoli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs a flavonoid, luteolin (LTL) has been universally studied due to its many advantages. Luteolin is a component in drugs and accurate detection is important to determine their LTL content and estimate their disposal effects. In our study, we found that the strong fluorescence of CDs made using ammonium citrate with the quantum yield (QY) of 8.8%, could be quenched sharply by LTL through the inner filter effect (IFE), and therefore a fluorescence assay for LTL detection using CDs as probes was devised. In this fluorescence assay, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.07 μmol L−1 with a dynamic range of 0.23–50.0 μmol L−1. The CDs also possessed excellent selectivity and achieved acceptable recovery and relative standard deviation (RSD). Importantly, for use of environmentally friendly and nontoxic CDs as fluorescent probes to detect LTL, its operation, instruments and materials are cheap and easy. Therefore, this study improved the ease of LTL detection, and can be used widely.
Multiparity affects conduction properties of pelvic floor nerves in rabbits
Authors: Castelán Francisco , López‐García Kenia , Moreno‐Pérez Suelem , Zempoalteca René , Corona‐Quintanilla Dora L. , Romero‐Ortega Mario I. , Jiménez‐Estrada Ismael , Martínez‐Gómez Margarita 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionWomen often develop pelvic floor dysfunction due to damage to the pelvic musculature during childbirth; however, the effect on pelvic floor nerves function is less understood. This study used adult rabbits to evaluate the electrophysiological and histological characteristics of the bulbospongiosus (Bsn) and pubococcygeus nerves (Pcn) in multiparity.MethodsCompound nerve action potentials (CNAP) were compared between age‐matched nulliparous and multiparous animals and associated to the histological characteristics of myelinated axons from the Bsn and Pcn nerves. The extensor digitorum longus nerve (EDLn) was used as negative control. Data were analyzed with unpaired two‐tailed Student's t test or Mann–Whitney U test to determine significant differences between groups.ResultsThe onset and peak latencies, duration, and conduction velocity of the motor fibers in these pelvic nerves were not significantly different between nulliparous and multiparous animals. However, the peak‐to‐peak amplitude and area of the CNAP in both Bsn and Pcn were reduced in multiparous rabbits. Histology showed a higher percentage of axons with myelin disorganization caused by multiparity in these pelvic nerves. Together, the data indicate a reduction in the number of functional pelvic axons due to multiparity. As expected, no effect of parity was observed in the EDLn controls.ConclusionsPresent findings demonstrated that multiparity affects myelination and consequently conduction properties in the small pelvic floor nerves.
Association ofMAPThaplotype‐tagging polymorphisms with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: A preliminary study in a Croatian cohort
Authors: Babić Leko Mirjana , Willumsen Nanet , Nikolac Perković Matea , Klepac Nataša , Borovečki Fran , Hof Patrick R. , Sonicki Zdenko , Pivac Nela , de Silva Rohan , Šimić Goran 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the world leading cause of dementia. Early detection of AD is essential for faster and more efficacious usage of therapeutics and preventive measures. Even though it is well known that one ε4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene increases the risk for sporadic AD five times, and that two ε4 alleles increase the risk 20 times, reliable genetic markers for AD are not yet available. Previous studies have shown that microtubule‐associated protein tau (MAPT) gene polymorphisms could be associated with increased risk for AD.MethodsThe present study included 113 AD patients and 53 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), as well as nine healthy controls (HC) and 53 patients with other primary causes of dementia. The study assessed whether sixMAPThaplotype‐tagging polymorphisms (rs1467967, rs242557, rs3785883, rs2471738, del–In9, and rs7521) andMAPThaplotypes are associated with AD pathology, as measured by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers amyloid β1–42(Aβ1–42), total tau (t‐tau), tau phosphorylated at epitopes 181 (p‐tau181), 199 (p‐tau199), and 231 (p‐tau231), and visinin‐like protein 1 (VILIP‐1).ResultsSignificant increases in t‐tau and p‐tau CSF levels were found in patients with AG and AAMAPTrs1467967 genotype, CCMAPTrs2471738 genotype and in patients with H1H2 or H2H2MAPThaplotype.ConclusionsThese results indicate thatMAPThaplotype‐tagging polymorphisms andMAPThaplotypes should be further tested as potential genetic biomarkers of AD.
Variability of the medullary arcuate nucleus in humans
Authors: Paradiso Beatrice , Ferrero Stefano , Thiene Gaetano , Lavezzi Anna Maria 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe arcuate nucleus is a component of the ventral medullary surface involved in chemoreception and breathing control. The hypoplasia of this nucleus is a very frequent finding in victims of sudden unexplained fetal and infant death (from the last weeks of pregnancy to the first year of life). On the contrary, this developmental alteration is rarely present in age‐matched controls who died of defined causes. These observations lead to hypothesize that a well‐developed and functional arcuate nucleus is generally required to sustain life. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the arcuate nucleus maintains the same supposed function throughout life.MethodsWe carried out neuropathological examinations of brainstems obtained from 25 adult subjects, 18 males and 7 females, aged between 34 and 89 years, who died from various causes.ResultsFor almost half of the cases (44%) microscopic examinations of serial histological sections of medulla oblongata showed a normal cytoarchitecture of the arcuate nucleus, extending along the pyramids. For the remaining 56% of cases, various degrees of hypodevelopment of this nucleus were observed, validated through the application of quantitative morphometric investigations, from decreased area, neuron number and volume, to full aplasia.ConclusionsThese unexpected findings indicate that the involvement of the arcuate nucleus in chemoreception in adulthood is questionable, given the possibility of living until late age without this nucleus. This opens new perspectives for researchers on the role and function of the arcuate nucleus in humans from birth to old age.
Amyloid Aggregation of Bacillus circulans Xylanase under Native Conditions and its Modulation by β‐Amyloid‐Derived Peptide Fragments
Authors: Charlton Timothy , Shah Vandan , Lynch Tonianna , Candreva Jason , Chau Edward , Yang YanXi , Kim Hyunjoo , Wood Amy , Kim Jin Ryoun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aggregation of intrinsically disordered proteins into fibrils is implicated in many neurodegenerative diseases. Amyloid aggregation is a generic property of proteins as evidenced by globular proteins that often form amyloid aggregates under partially denaturing conditions. Recently, multiple lines of evidence have suggested that the amyloid aggregation of globular proteins can also occur under native conditions. Unfortunately, amyloid aggregation under native conditions has been demonstrated in only a handful of cases. Engineering a globular protein's amyloid aggregation might benefit from its fusion to an amyloid‐derived fragment with reduced aggregation propensity. Unfortunately, the impacts of such fragments on the amyloid aggregation under native conditions have yet to be examined. In this study, we show that a globular protein, Bacillus circulans xylanase (BCX), can aggregate to form amyloid fibrils under native conditions. When BCX was mixed with or fused to the non‐self‐aggregating fragments, KLVFWAK and ELVFWAE—which were derived from β‐amyloid (Aβ)—they modulated the BCX amyloid aggregation to differing extents. This study also provides insight into a correlation between the kinetic stability and amyloid aggregation of BCX, and supports a view that Aβ‐derived fragments can be useful for the modulating amyloid aggregation of some, though not all, proteins.
NAIL‐MS in E. coli Determines the Source and Fate of Methylation in tRNA
Authors: Reichle Valentin F. , Weber Verena , Kellner Stefanie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn all domains of life, the nucleobases of tRNA can be methylated. These methylations are introduced either by enzymes or by the reaction of methylating agents with the nucleophilic centers of the nucleobases. Herein, we present a systematic approach to identify the methylation sites within RNA in vitro and in vivo. For discrimination between enzymatic tRNA methylation and tRNA methylation damage in bacteria, we used nucleic acid isotope labeling coupled mass spectrometry (NAIL‐MS). With NAIL‐MS, we clearly observed the formation of 7‐methylguanosine, 3‐methyluridine, and 6‐methyladenosine during exposure of bacteria to the alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) in vivo. These damage products were not reported to form in tRNA in vivo, as they were masked by the enzymatically formed modified nucleosides in previous studies. In addition, we found formation of the known damage products 1‐methyladenosine and 3‐methylcytidine in vivo. With a dynamic NAIL‐MS setup, we observed tRNA repair by demethylation of these two RNA modifications in vivo. Furthermore, we saw the potential repair of 6‐methyladenosine but not 7‐methylguanosine in bacterial tRNA.
Effect of orbital atherectomy in calcified coronary artery lesions as assessed by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Yamamoto Myong Hwa , Maehara Akiko , Kim Sung Sik , Koyama Kohei , Kim Song‐Yi , Ishida Masaru , Fujino Akiko , Haag Elizabeth S. , Alexandru Dragos , Jeremias Allen , Sosa Fernando A. , Karimi Galougahi Keyvan , Kirtane Ajay J. , Moses Jeffrey W. , Ali Ziad A. , Mintz Gary S. , Shlofmitz Richard A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to assess plaque modification and stent expansion following orbital atherectomy (OA) for calcified lesions using optical coherence tomography (OCT).BackgroundThe efficacy of OA for treating calcified lesions is not well studied, especially using intravascular imaging in vivo.MethodsOCT was performed preprocedure, post‐OA, and post‐stent (n = 58). Calcium modification after OA was defined as a round, concave, polished calcium surface. Calcium fracture was complete discontinuity of calcium.ResultsComparing pre‐ vs post‐OA OCT (n = 29), calcium area was significantly decreased post‐OA (from 3.4 mm2 [2.4–4.7] to 2.9 mm2 [1.9–3.9], P < 0.001). Poststent percent calcium fracture (calcium fracture length/calcium length) correlated with post‐OA percent calcium modification (calcium modification length/calcium length) (r = 0.31, P = 0.01). Among 75 calcium fractures in 35 lesions, maximum calcium thickness at the fracture site was greater with vs without calcium modification (0.58 mm [0.50–0.66] vs 0.45 mm [0.38–0.52], P = 0.003). Final optimal stent expansion, defined as minimum stent area ≥6.1 mm2 or stent expansion ≥90% (medians of this cohort) at the maximum calcium angle site, was observed in 41 lesions. Larger post‐OA lumen area (odds ratio 2.64; 95% CI 1.21–5.76; P = 0.02) and the presence of calcium fracture (odds ratio 6.77; 95% CI 1.25–36.6; P = 0.03) were independent predictors for optimal stent expansion.ConclusionsCalcium modification by OA facilitates poststent calcium fracture even in thick calcium. Greater calcium modification correlated with greater calcium fracture, in turn resulting in better stent expansion.
Viscosity Reduction of Heavy Oil during Slurry‐Phase Hydrocracking
Authors: Quitian Alexander , Fernández Yatzirih , Ancheyta Jorge 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe saturates, aromatics, and resins fractions of maltenes from upgraded oils obtained by slurry‐phase hydrocracking (SPH) under low‐severity reaction conditions using analytical‐grade and mineral catalysts were obtained by chromatographic separation. The reactions in the SPH at low severity with the catalysts used occur by free radicals, and their subsequent hydrogenation is from heavier fractions (asphaltenes and resins) to lighter fractions (aromatics, saturates, and light cuts). The degree of conversion depends on the type of catalyst used (Mo > Fe) and is also proportional to the active metal content of the catalyst. The enhanced conversion of aromatics and resins towards the saturates fraction depends on the hydrogenation capacity of the catalyst. The better flow properties of the maltenes are due to the conversion of heavier to lighter fractions and to the upgrading of the resins fraction properties.
Nitrogen‐Doped Metal‐Free Carbon Materials Derived from Cellulose as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wütscher Annika , Eckhard Till , Hiltrop Dennis , Lotz Katrin , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Andronescu Corina , Muhler Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDevelopment of metal‐free carbon‐based electrocatalysts for reducing oxygen to water (ORR), preferentially following a 4 electron transfer pathway, is of high importance. We present a two‐step synthesis of N‐doped carbon‐based ORR electrocatalysts by using an efficient thermal treatment of hydrothermally carbonized cellulose in ammonia combining devolatilization, reduction and nitrogen doping. The influence of the synthesis temperature as well as of the ammonia concentration used during the synthesis on the electrocatalytic ORR activity was analyzed using bulk‐ and surface‐sensitive techniques. Correlation of electrocatalytic activity with structural features of the catalysts provided deeper mechanistic understanding and enabled us to optimize the synthesis conditions. The nitrogen‐doped metal‐free catalyst originating from the treatment in 100 % NH3 at 800 °C achieved a current density of −1 mA cm−2 at 0.83 V vs. RHE positioning it among the most active noble‐metal free and biomass‐based ORR catalysts reported so far.
Citric Acid Assisted Solid State Synthesis of V2O3, V2O3/C and V2O3/Graphene Composites for Li‐ion Battery Anode Applications
Authors: Petnikota Shaikshavali , Toh Jun Jie , Li Jia Yang , Chua Rodney , Srinivasan Madhavi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA series of V2O3, V2O3/C and V2O3/G composite powders are prepared by simply annealing the reaction mixture containing ammonium metavanadate (0.1 M), reduced graphene oxide (rGO, 0.1 M) and citric acid (CA, 0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 M) at 500 °C for 8 h under Ar flow. A variety of characterization techniques are used to investigate the structural, physiochemical features and electrochemical performance of the powders. The reaction mixture without rGO led to the formation of V2O3 at 0.1 M of CA and V2O3/C at 0.3 and 0.5 M of CA. As anodes of lithium‐ion coin cell batteries, V2O3, V2O3/C and V2O3/G composite electrodes exhibit an increase in capacity with increasing concentrations of CA. The increase in capacity is mainly attributed to the carbonization of CA and the declining crystallinity of V2O3. V2O3/C and V2O3/G prepared at 0.5 M of CA outperformed all other control compounds. The V2O3/C and V2O3/G delivered reversible capacities of 585 and 420 mAh g−1 respectively, during the first cycle with a current density of 50 mA g−1. The respective capacities after few initial cycles continuously increased to 608 and 463 mAh g−1 at the end of the 100th cycle.
Porous Organic Polymer Gel Derived Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhou Baolong , Liu Liangzhen , Yang Zongfan , Li Xiaoqiang , Wen Zhenhai , Chen Long 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as one of the most critical but promising reactions for energy conversion, has attracted increasing research interest. Recent reports have evidenced that carbonization of heteroatoms doped porous organic polymers (POPs) is an effective approach toward highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts. We herein report a versatile ternary copolymerization strategy to synthesize stable POPs gel with tunable doping of heteroatoms (N, S, F) and Fe species, leading to significant enhancement in surface area and porosity. Carbonization of these POPs afford efficient ORR electrocatalyst with optimized composition, hierarchical porous structure and prominent catalytic activities in both alkaline and neutral conditions. The optimized catalyst (TF‐C‐900) exhibited an onset potential (Eonset) of 1.01 V and half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.88 V in 0.1 M KOH solution. These performance metrics are even comparable to those of the Pt/C (0.99 and 0.85). In addition, the TF‐C‐900 also showed superior stability and advantage of methanol tolerance, enabling them to be a competitive cathode electrocatalysts for alkaline fuel cell.
Filtering the NMR Spectra of Complex Mixtures through Polymer‐Mediated Paramagnetic Spin Relaxation
Authors: Correa Juan , Pinto Luiz F. , Zhao Libo , Riguera Ricardo , Fernandez‐Megia Eduardo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA polymer‐mediated paramagnetic spin relaxation (PSR) filter is presented for the selective suppression of signals from polymer‐interacting species in the 1D and 2D NMR spectra of mixtures. The combined use of Gd3+ and a polymer with a high transverse relaxation enhancement (R2p, which gives a measure of the Gd3+‐complexing ability) results in the suppression of signals from any polymer‐interacting component in mixtures, irrespective of their R2p. By using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as a model system, we demonstrate selective filtering of the signals of typical low‐R2p species (insensitive to Gd3+), such as molecular/polymeric cations and non‐ionic polymers, which, through PAA recognition (electrostatic/hydrogen‐bonding interactions), become exposed to the paramagnetic effect of Gd3+, while leaving non‐PAA‐interacting species unaffected. Typical suppression conditions involve PAA (approximately equimolar amount with respect to the species to be filtered) accompanied by sub‐mm concentrations of Gd3+ and T2‐filters ≤100 ms. Overall, by exploiting the PSR principles and the recognition properties of polymers, selective NMR filtrations that are not attainable by diffusion, relaxation, or direct PSR filters, can be achieved.
Recent Advances in Carbon Nanomaterials for Cancer Phototherapy
Authors: Jiang Bang‐Ping , Zhou Bo , Lin Zhaoxing , Liang Hong , Shen Xing‐Can 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials have received great attention from the scientific community over the past few decades because of their unique physical and chemical properties. In this minireview, we will summarize the recent progress of the use of various carbon nanomaterials in the field of cancer phototherapy. The structural characteristics of each category and the surface functionalization strategies of these nanomaterials will be briefly introduced before focusing on their therapeutic applications. Recent advances on their use in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and combined phototherapies are presented. Moreover, a few challenges and perspectives on the development of carbon nanomaterials for future theranostics are also discussed.
Dynamic Nitroxide Functional Materials
Authors: Woehlk Hendrik , Lauer Andrea , Trouillet Vanessa , Welle Alexander , Barner Leonie , Blinco James P. , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA substrate‐independent and versatile coating platform for (spatially resolved) surface functionalization, based on nitroxide radical coupling (NRC) reactions and the formation of thermo‐labile alkoxyamine functional groups, was introduced. Nitroxide‐decorated poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microspheres, obtained through bioinspired copolymer surface deposition using dopamine and a nitroxide functional dopamine derivative as monomers, were conjugated with small functional groups in a rewritable process. Reversible coding of the nitroxide functional microspheres by NRC and decoding through thermal alkoxyamine fission were monitored and characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, this nitroxide coating system was exploited in “grafting‐to” polymer surface ligations of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate) (PTFEMA) in spatially confined areas. Polymer strands terminated with an Irgacure 2959 (2‐hydroxy‐4′‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐2‐methylpropiophenone) photoinitiator were obtained through chain‐transfer polymerization, and subsequently coupled to nitroxide‐immobilized poly(dopamine) (PDA)‐coated silicon substrates by using rapid photoclick NRC reactions. Light‐driven polymer surface coding was visualized by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) and XPS imaging.