bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoparasite infestation of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) in relation to water quality and fish farm types
Authors: Zamri Nur Asha Shahira , Manaf Sharifah Raina , Harun Arif Azizi Che , Latama Gunarto 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Water quality is one of crucial things in aquaculture. Water quality has varied effects to animals health that cause disease. One of diseases events that can occur in aquaculture farms is endoparasite infestation. The study investigated the endoparasite affecting farmed Red Hybrid Tilapia, Oreochromis sp. in four different locations in Sarawak, Malaysia. Hundred and twenty farmed Red Hybrid Tilapia were randomly sampled out in this study throughout June to December 2022 from four different district (Kuching, Miri, Mukah and Sibu). This study included different types of Jish farms; earthen pond, concrete pond, and Jish cage. Water quality parameters for four ponds were evaluated in situ using multiprobe and ex situ, in the laboratory. The result shows high concentration of nutrient, phosphate phosphorus, nitrite nitrogen and total ammonium nitrogen recorded from concrete pond in Miri. Endoparasite analysis revealed 18.3% of digenean trematode found in stomach and intestine of farmed Red Hybrid Tilapia in the earthen pond of Kuching. The Jinding suggests variable relationship between water quality and endoparasite infestation. Different water quality and Jish farm surrounding might cause the presence and absent of endoparasite infestation in farmed Red Hybrid Tilapia. The Jinding suggests variable relationship between water quality and endoparasite infestation. Different water quality and Jish farm surrounding might cause the presence and absent of endoparasite infestation in farmed Red Hybrid Tilapia.
Marine debris characteristics of Barane Beach West Sulawesi
Authors: Noor Rahmat Januar , Faizal Ahmad , Mafud Chairul Rusyd , Nur Fauzia , Nur Rahmi , Saharuddin  , Hidayah Nur , Hasria  
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Barane Majene Beach, West Sulawesi are a multifunctional area that combines ecological and economic coastal functions. Ecologically, the coastal area of Barane Beach is a place where sea turtles lay their eggs every year and economically it is a beach tourism area that is open to the public activity. The existence of beach tourism and river estuaries causes a lot of rubbish to be strewn around and accumulated on the Barane Majene Beach. The research carried out aims to identify the characteristics of marine debris on Barane Majene Beach based on type, size, and total mass. The research was conducted from February to March 2024 at Barane Majene Beach. The research method uses a quantitative approach by collecting data through field surveys using four quadrant transects where each transect measures 10 x 25 m according to the research area. The highest prevalence of marine debris is based on type in sequence, namely plastic, rubber, and others (diaper and foam pieces). Based on size, the majority of marine debris found is macro-debris (91,18%), but some are <2.5 cm in size. The density of marine debris was 0.89 items/m2. The highest mass of marine debris was shown by plastic waste (52 kg) while the total mass collected reached 173.7 kg. The presence of macro-sized waste can threaten the water quality of Barane Beach because once it is in the water it will easily settle to the bottom and disrupt the benthic ecosystem and disrupt sea turtle nesting activites.
Exploring the implementation potential of entrance fees as sustainable funding source for management of Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area
Authors: Pratama Christy Desta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Nusa Penida Marine Protected Area (MPA) in the Coral Triangle faces significant challenges in funding its management. This examines the potential of implementing entrance fees as a sustainable funding mechanism for MPA. By analyzing historical governance changes, previous funding options, and stakeholder dynamics, aims to identify challenges and opportunities for implementing entrance fees, as a form of payment for environmental services, to support the MPA management. The study reveals that the cessation of NGO involvement has led to governance shortcomings within the MPA, emphasizing the need for continuity in leadership and clarity in management responsibilities. Additionally, research suggests that well-resourced MPAs, funded through visitor entry fees, demonstrate greater fish biomass, although, the relationship between funding, management activities, and ecological outcomes requires further investigation. The findings in this paper underscore the importance of diversifying funding sources to mitigate the risks associated with tourism dependency, ensuring financial security, and enhancing ecological effectiveness in MPAs. In the end, this paper aims to point out the challenges to be addressed and opportunities to pursue an entrance fee mechanism in the context of a payment for environmental services to work effectively in Nusa Penida.
Constitutional Comparisons and Language
Authors: De Visser Maartje 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Language can be seen as an intuitive challenge for those who embark on comparative constitutional research: its intricate entanglement with law is often overlooked and not engaged with explicitly. This chapter argues that this is a missed opportunity at best, and arguably presents a hazard for the collective quality of the scholarly discourse. It discusses four ways in which language matters when engaging in constitutional comparisons: the problem of literal translation; the problem of legal-conceptual translation; a multilingual discourse that is marked by fragmentation; and expectations in communication with a foreign or international readership. The approach taken is constructive, with efforts to identify possible coping techniques to alleviate the challenges identified.
Global Values in National Constitutions
Authors: Albert Richard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter prepared for a book commemorating the scholarly career of Mark Tushnet, my point of departure is Tushnet’s claim that the globalization of constitutional law is inevitable. I build on his provocative prediction by shining a light on the many creative constitutional design strategies deployed by countries around the world to integrate the global values of international law into their national constitutions. I begin by outlining Tushnet’s thesis that countries will ultimately build an informal world constitution by converging on their interpretation of national constitutional rights and structures. I then identify and illustrate three models of domestic constitutional design used to advance the project of global constitutionalism. Recognizing that world constitutionalism is a multigenerational project that will succeed only if reformers seek to innovate along parallel tracks, I conclude with a question that doubles as a suggestion for advocates of global constitutionalism: In addition to deepening ongoing strategies toward world constitutionalism, why not also devote energies to building the legal, political, and intellectual infrastructure for an international constitutional court armed with global jurisdiction?
Rights as the Domain of Weak-Form Review
Authors: Waldron Jeremy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Mark Tushnet has shown great interest in the contrast between weak-form and strong-form judicial review of legislation. In a system of weak-form review, courts scrutinize legislation for its conformity to a Bill of Rights, but courts do not have final power to strike down legislation that is incompatible with the Bill of Rights. They may have power only to issue a Declaration of Incompatibility or they may be constrained, as in Canada, by a “notwithstanding” clause. This chapter examines the domain of weak-form judicial review of legislation. We are familiar with its operation in cases involving possible violations of rights. But constitutional objections to legislation may also be made on structural grounds, such as separation of powers or federalism requirements. Are these instances of judicial review—when they happen—also subject to a weak-form/strong-form distinction? The chapter argues that they are not—that weak-form structural review is more or less unheard of—and it examines the reasons for this discrepancy. Is it because (as Tushnet has argued) rights-based considerations are less determinate? Or is it because structural issues need determinate and timely resolution that weak-form judicial responses cannot provide?
Dialogic Judicial Review and First World Autocracies
Authors: Yap Po Jen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Dialogic or weak-form review is the only viable and effective path for courts operating in First World autocracies. The judicial use of strong-form review to address problems posed by sedition laws and restrictions on the franchise—as Mark Tushnet suggests—would be counterproductive as this would only be to the detriment of the courts. At the same time, I argue that dialogic review is not judicial abdication. I will also show how weak-form review has enhanced rights protection in Singapore and Hong Kong, and has imposed soft but meaningful controls on state power in these autocracies. Precisely because these autocracies want to remain First World, the perceived independence of the courts must be preserved for their governments to retain talent and continued investments in the economy. Governments in First World autocracies are sensitive to global businesses’ perception of the regime’s commitment to the rule of law as that directly impacts the entity’s economic future. This is unlike military dictatorships and banana republics, where the rent-seeking behavior of autocrats is driven primarily by the self-interest of its cabal. Therefore, in First World autocracies, so long as the courts respect the regime’s plenary agenda-setting powers, the government will in turn acquiesce to the judiciary’s calibrated show of force to preserve rights.
Constitutional Design and Political Parties
Authors: Choudhry Sujit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, I taxonomize constitutional provisions that reference political parties thematically according to their function. Constitutional provisions that refer to political parties fall into six categories: (a) basic function, (b) the right to form political parties, (c) militant democracy, (d) access to public resources, (e) legislative design, and (f) the separation of party and state. I examine these provisions to answer two questions: (1) How do constitutions rely on political parties to discharge their regulative function? (2) Can we develop a constitutive account of the role of political parties in constitutional democracies? Provisions on the basic function of political parties serve the constitutive function of codifying their roles in integrating and mobilizing citizens, interest aggregation, formulating public policy, simplifying political participation, structuring the popular vote and enabling political competition, representation, and accountability. The right to form political parties furthers the same functions in a regulative sense. Constitutional provisions regarding legislative design further the goals of structuring the popular vote and enabling political competition, accountability, recruiting leaders for public office, government selection, and enabling the enactment of legislation. Constitutional design also reveals an acute concern with the negative risks posed by political parties. Militant democracy provisions serve the constitutive function of conveying the nature of the existential risk that might pose a threat to the constitutional order, and the regulative function of checking that risk. The provisions on the separation of party and state check the risk that parties can capture the state by prohibiting party membership for the courts and security services.
Competitive Populism
Authors: Khosla Madhav 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The preoccupation of comparative constitutional lawyers over the past decade or so has been the rise of authoritarian populism. This chapter focuses on one possible pathway that might follow our present political moment: competitive populism. This phase will involve a certain kind of institutional vacuum: the prior institutions, associated with liberal constitutional democracy, will not lend themselves to being rebooted. In reflecting on this possible future, this chapter explores the nature and form of deinstitutionalization that has occurred under authoritarian populism, and the elements that define the emerging constitutional framework. The implication here is that what will be crucial after authoritarian populism is not the nature of institutional design but the character of political contestation. The chapter closes by turning to Tushnet and Bugarič’s important work on populism, and by using their thesis as an opportunity to consider the relationship between populism, formalism, instrumentalism, and the rule of law.
Lay Learning and the Bible in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World
Authors: Macfarlane Kirsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Early modernity has long been seen as a crucial period in the history of biblical scholarship, witnessing rapid advances in studies of Hebrew, Greek, and the ancient Jewish and Christian past. Historians have devoted much attention to how these developments were received by the academic and clerical elite, and yet there is little research on their reception beyond such exclusive circles. Some have even argued that ordinary believers had no interest in the demanding world of elite scholarship. According to current narratives, the Protestant laity was preoccupied by practical piety, scripture reading, and devotional exercises, all of which were far removed from the dazzling polyglot erudition of the scholar. This monograph offers an alternative account of popular religion in early modernity by reconstructing a striking and unstudied community of seventeenth-century puritan immigrants to North America. Composed of tradespeople without a university education, this community offers unparalleled evidence for lay engagement with even the most abstruse and challenging concerns of contemporary biblical scholarship. Drawing on whatever resources they could find, this group taught themselves the languages of biblical criticism; immersed themselves in the most specialized questions of controversial theology; and then promulgated, through their hard-earned learning, an unprecedentedly inclusive vision of education, society, and the church. By recovering the lives and interests of this group, this book presents a new vision of lay puritanism in the Atlantic world, one marked by far greater ambition, critical thought, and intellectual boldness than ever before suspected.
Controversy and the Covenants
Authors: Macfarlane Kirsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 1650, the first book was burned in Boston. This was a theological tract written by Pynchon and published in London before it was imported to New England. The controversy this tract caused was thanks to its audacious ideas about the nature of man’s redemption, which denied major tenets of Reformed orthodoxy. Pynchon’s theological heterodoxy has received prior attention, but chapter 4 offers a new perspective by showing how his positions arose from the intellectual and social contexts of Broughtonism, even as Pynchon himself had long outgrown the movement. By examining the long-term development of Holyoke and Pynchon’s heretical ideas from their youth to their final publications in 1658 and 1662 respectively, this chapter disentangles the threads that made up their theologies and argues that, despite the seeming strangeness of their thinking, their ideas developed organically from their communal studies in Jacobean London and 1640s New England.
The Love Letters of Edward Holyoke and Prudence Stockton, 1607–12
Authors: Macfarlane Kirsten 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Appendix 1 offers an annotated semi-diplomatic edition of nine letters sent by Edward Holyoke to his fiancée and later wife, Prudence Stockton, in the period from their engagement (c.1607) to just after their marriage (1612). Two of these letters were partly published in the late nineteenth century, and the rest have remained unstudied in the Phillips Library of the Peabody Essex Museum in Massachusetts. They provide a rare glimpse into the norms of early modern courtship and how these romantic expectations intertwined with the puritan piety and religious observance that were crucial components of Edward and Prudence’s self-perceived identities as ‘godly’ youth.
Using negative controls to identify causal effects with invalid instrumental variables
Authors: Dukes O , Richardson D B , Shahn Z , Robins J M , Tchetgen Tchetgen E J 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
Many proposals for the identification of causal effects require an instrumental variable that satisfies strong, untestable unconfoundedness and exclusion restriction assumptions. In this paper, we show how one can potentially identify causal effects under violations of these assumptions by harnessing a negative control population or outcome. This strategy allows one to leverage sup-populations for whom the exposure is degenerate, and requires that the instrument-outcome association satisfies a certain parallel trend condition. We develop the semiparametric efficiency theory for a general instrumental variable model, and obtain a multiply robust, locally efficient estimator of the average treatment effect in the treated. The utility of the estimators is demonstrated in simulation studies and an analysis of the Life Span Study.
Phytop: A tool for visualizing and recognizing signals of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization using species trees output from ASTRAL
Authors: Shang Hong-Yun , Jia Kai-Hua , Li Nai-Wei , Zhou Min-Jie , Yang Hao , Tian Xiao-Ling , Ma Yong-Peng , Zhang Ren-Gang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression/hybridization (IH) are prevalent in nature and thus frequently result in discrepancies within phylogenetic tree topologies, leading to misinterpretation of phylogenomic data. Despite the availability of numerous tools for detecting ILS and IH among species, many of these tools lack effective visualization, or are time-consuming, or require prior predetermination. Here, we addressed these shortcomings by developing a fast-running, user-friendly tool called Phytop. By defining ILS and IH indices to quantify ILS and IH, this tool can detect the extent of ILS and IH among lineages with high reliability, and can visualize them based on the gene tree topology patterns constructed using ASTRAL. We tested Phytop extensively using both simulated and real data, and found that it enables users to quickly and conveniently estimate the extent of ILS and IH, thus clarifying the phylogenetic uncertainty. Phytop is available at https://github.com/zhangrengang/phytop and is expected to contribute to the intuitive and convenient inference of genetic relationships among lineages in future research.
SlKNUCKLES regulates floral meristem activity and controls fruit size in Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Li Dongbao , Yang Wen , Wu Zhiyue , Yang Yonghua , Wen Zhongling , Sun Bo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Timed termination of floral meristem (FM) is crucial for proper development of floral organs and fruits. In Solanum lycopersicum, CLAVATA3 (CLV3)-WUSCHEL (WUS) feedback regulation maintains FM homeostasis in early stage of floral buds. It is known that the zinc finger protein SlKNUCKLES (SlKNU) functions to promote FM determinacy by directly repressing the stem cell identity gene SlWUS. However, how the robust FM activity is suppressed to secure fruit development is not fully understood in tomato. Here, we demonstrate that SlKNU also directly represses the stem cell marker gene SlCLV3 and the receptor gene SlCLV1 for FM determinacy control. Besides, loss-of-function mutants of SlKNU generated by CRISPR-Cas9 show increased fruit size of tomato. Moreover, overexpression of SlKNU attenuates the activities of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and FM in Arabidopsis, but normal carpel development is still maintained. Hence, although the function of KNU in tomato and Arabidopsis may diverge during evolution, the role of KNU for FM determinacy and fruit size control is conserved and may potentially be useful for enhancing fruit yield of tomato.
Seeing the Good in Medical Ethics
Authors: Wilson Finn 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy is unified by a theme of what contributes to and detracts from patient well-being. I highlight this unifying thread through five of this issue’s contributions, dividing them according to whether they are predominantly about what diminishes or enhances the well-being of patients. Three of them are more directly relevant to whether certain actions diminish well-being, and two of them touch more closely on what promotes well-being. Although these papers are generally focused on what is good or detrimental for patients, their insights are also relevant to the nature of human flourishing.
More unjustified inferences from limited data in
Authors: Gutierrez Richard E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In recent years, multiple scholars have criticized the design of studies exploring the accuracy of firearms examination methods. Rosenblum et al. extend those criticisms to the work of Guyll et al. on practitioner performance when comparing fired cartridge cases. But while Rosenblum et al. thoroughly dissect issues regarding equiprobability bias and positive predictive values in the Guyll et al. study, they do not delve as deeply into other areas such as variability in participant performance, as well as sampling of participants and test samples, that further undercut the ability to generalize Guyll et al.’s results. This commentary extends what Rosenblum et al. began and explores how the low rates of error reported by Guyll et al. likely underestimate the potential for misidentifications in casework. Ultimately, given Guyll et al.’s convenience samples, those authors should not have gone beyond descriptive statistics to instead draw conclusive inferences that classify firearms examination as “a highly valid forensic technique.”
Causal role of 179 lipids in colorectal cancer: Mendelian randomization study and meta-analysis
Authors: Mao Fukang , Ran Jianghua , Wu Ruichao , Zhang Xibing 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Lipid metabolism plays a key role in colorectal cancer (CRC). Our two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis assessed the causal links between 179 genetically determined lipids and CRC to find potential lipid markers and treatment targets.

Methods:
Data on 179 lipids were gathered from public genome-wide association studies (GWAS) databases. Genetic associations with CRC were sourced from FinnGen and the GWAS Catalog. MR analysis was conducted for each lipid, followed by inverse variance weighting meta-analysis.

Results:
Elevated levels of genetically predicted phosphatidylcholine (PC; 18:1_20:2) were associated with a reduced risk of CRC, with a meta-analysis odds ratio (OR) of 0.9048 (95% CI: 0.8829–0.9272, P = 1.6694 × 10−13). Conversely, increased levels of genetically predicted PC (O-16:1_20:4) were associated with an elevated CRC risk, with a meta-analysis OR of 1.1025 (95% CI: 1.0748–1.13085, P = 7.3163 × 10−12). Reverse causality was ruled out.

Conclusion:
Our findings provide evidence for the causal relationship between these two lipids and CRC risk, offering new insights into the prevention and pathogenesis of CRC.