bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open Space: Typology and Distribution in Pokhara Lekhnath Metropolitan City
Authors: Pokharel Ramjee Prasad , Khanal Narendra Raj 
Published: April 2018

Open space is essential part of city life because it provides an opportunity for recreation, playing, religious activities, political activities, cultural activities and so on. This paper discusses the types of open space and its distribution in Pokhara Lekhanath Metropolitan City (PLMC). An inventory of open spaces was prepared based on the available analog maps with intensive field verification. There are eight major and 32 subtypes of open spaces with a total number of 246 within the PLMC. The main types of open spaces are park, playground, religious site, water surface, cave, aesthetic view point, river strip and messy places. Those open spaces vary in form, size, ownership and functions. The distribution of open spaces is not uniform among the 33 Wards in the Pokhara Lekhanath Metropolitan City. The number of open space varies from only one to twenty-one and total area of open space varies from only 51 ha to 4786 ha among those Wards. Per capita area of open space ranges from 0.16 to 659 m² among those wards. In many wards, per capita area of open space is less than 9 m² which is recommended by FAO. Such a poor situation is created mainly due to the lack of public land use planning, encroachment in open space for development of infrastructure such as public buildings, and lack of knowledge about the importance of open spaces among decision makers and local people and weak capacity of local people to protect and conserve open space from encroachment.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 25-44, 2018
Enhancing Community Education Through Innovative Teaching Strategies in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program
Authors: Lambert Ann W. , Johnson Tanya L. , Fox Margot W. , Wang Chih-hsuan 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Nurse educators are relentlessly in search of innovative measures that enhance student learning and offer opportunities that prepare them for clinical practice. Collaborative opportunities between schools of nursing and community settings are beneficial for students and the community.

Method:
One strategy was developed by a southeastern baccalaureate nursing program through the assistance of the National Institutes of Health mini-grants program, related to their Safe Sleep campaign. Safe Sleep subject matter was integrated into the curriculum, where students learned content, developed teaching strategies, and taught community members components of Safe Sleep.

Results:
The project provided faculty and baccalaureate nursing students with an opportunity to implement a community outreach education project addressing Safe Sleep. Students learned cultural assessment, teaching, and communication skills, and community members benefited from learned knowledge of health promotion programs.

Conclusion:

Future educational outreach projects are recommended to further examine program effectiveness and the value of teaching–learning strategies. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(4):240–244.]
SENSIBILIZAÇÃO ESTÉTICA NAS AULAS DE GEOGRAFIA: DISCUSSÕES EM TORNO DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Copatti Carina 
Published: April 2018

A abordagem da Educação Ambiental nas instituições escolares tem se mostrado de extrema importância na atualidade, isso se deve principalmente ao aumento das preocupações em relação às consequências da ação humana sobre o espaço ocupado e ao uso inadequado dos recursos naturais. Sendo assim, este artigo tem como objetivo trazer ao debate algumas considerações sobre possíveis contribuições da Educação Estética na abordagem da Educação Ambiental em aulas de Geografia, no Ensino Fundamental. Parte-se do seguinte questionamento: De que maneira a Educação Estética pode auxiliar nos estudos sobre Educação Ambiental? Que contribuições traz para as aulas de Geografia e para a conscientização dos educandos? Compreende-se que, no contexto atual, de transformações intensas no espaço geográfico e nas relações humanas, tanto em sociedade, quanto nas interações nos ambientes de aprendizagem, há a necessidade de criarmos momentos de diálogo e reflexão, incentivando os alunos a sensibilizar-se, ampliar o olhar para perceber, sentir e relacionar-se de maneira mais consciente com o espaço geográfico. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo, traz contribuições de autores como Nérici (1985), Loureiro (2007) e Segura (2001), a fim de debater a Educação Ambiental no contexto contemporâneo; num segundo momento procuramos refletir em relação à Educação Estética como possibilidade para a sensibilização dos alunos em relação aos estudos de Educação ambiental, a partir de contribuições de autores como Ormezzano (2007) e Duarte Jr. (2006) e, por fim, trazemos algumas possibilidades de sensibilização por meio de possibilidades de ensino e aprendizagem dessa temática nas aulas de Geografia. Os dados empíricos foram obtidos por meio de oficinas pedagógicas realizadas em uma turma de alunos de 9º ano de uma escola do campo de um município localizado no norte do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e resulta em reflexões possíveis a partir de registros fotográficos e observações realizadas durante as aulas, na interação professor-alunos e durante a apresentação dos trabalhos no ambiente escolar. Palavras-Chave: Educação Ambiental. Ensino da Geografia. Educação Estética. Sensibilização.
PERIFERIA E CAPITAL IMOBILIÁRIO: O MUNICÍPIO DE FAZENDA RIO GRANDE/PR NO ÂMBITO DOS EMPREENDIMENTOS RESIDENCIAIS POPULARES OFERTADOS PELO MERCADO
Authors: Baliski Patricia 
Published: April 2018

A produção de empreendimentos residenciais populares pelo capital imobiliário tem sido representativa para a produção do espaço e a expansão das periferias no Brasil. Nessa perspectiva, no contexto do aglomerado metropolitano de Curitiba (Paraná/Brasil), se destaca o município de Fazenda Rio Grande pela quantidade significativa de empreendimentos residenciais populares implantados ao longo do tempo. A análise do processo no município permitiu verificar que o imobiliário explora as melhores oportunidades conforme a conjuntura existente. Dessa forma, em períodos de inexistência de fomento à produção de moradias, sobressaíram-se os loteamentos com a comercialização de terrenos; posteriormente, com o desenvolvimento do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, proliferaram-se os empreendimentos com unidades habitacionais. Em ambos os casos se constata a relevância da produção do espaço para a reprodução do capital, na medida em que os investimentos mais baixos nos empreendimentos populares representam maior rentabilidade às empresas, embora isto signifique à população residente na periferia um cotidiano repleto de carências. Palavras-Chave: Capital Imobiliário; Periferia; Fazenda Rio Grande.
Psychological Capital and Core Self-Evaluations in the Workplace: Impacts on Well-Being
Authors: Gibson Annita , Hicks Richard 
Published: April 2018

The uncertainty of today’s working environment, including prevalence of temporary employment conditions in many industries, has affected the psychological well-being of people in the workforce. Psychological well-being affects all aspects of a person’s life, including: pleasure, job satisfaction and fulfilment, and life meaning (Seligman, 2002). Previous studies have investigated how Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and Core Self-evaluations (CSE) are positively related to job satisfaction and performance, but there is little research on the relationships of PsyCap and CSE with psychological well-being (PWB). This present study explored the relationships among PsyCap, CSE, and PWB in a convenience workplace sample of 121 Australian working adults. Results revealed that both PsyCap (involving hope, optimism, resilience and self-efficacy) and CSE (involving evaluations of one’s own locus of control, self-esteem, generalised self-efficacy, and adaptive vs ‘neurotic’ behaviour) were separately positive predictors of wellbeing, consistent with previous studies. There were overlaps in concepts but both PsyCap and CSE together predicted higher levels of well-being than either alone, and CSE was found to be a partial mediator between PsyCap and well-being indicating that both elements were needed in prediction of well-being. Practical implications include that PsyCap and CSE measures can be used together in the workplace in assessment, selection, training and development to help improve the quality of health and well-being of employees. Limitations and future research directions are indicated.
Kody odmienności kulturowej w literaturze szwedzkiej i jej przekładach. Na przykładzie Trylogii sztokholmskiej Jensa Lapidusa
Authors: Wasilewska-Chmura Magdalena 
Published: April 2018

Artykuł podejmuje temat językowych reprezentacji kulturowej odmienności w literaturze szwedzkiej, przedstawiającej środowiska imigranckie i/lub rozwarstwione klasowo. Język, zarówno protagonistów jak i narracji, jest konstruktem literackim, który eksponuje jedynie niektóre elementy językowe (głównie leksykalne) jako relewantne dla osiągnięcia pragmatycznego celu – efektu obcości. Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza stylistyczna zastosowanych środków oraz strategie tłumaczy zmierzające do uzyskania ekwiwalencji funkcjonalnej.
Microfluidics in Malignant Glioma Research and Precision Medicine
Authors: Logun Meghan , Zhao Wujun , Mao Leidong , Karumbaiah Lohitash 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer that has no effective treatments and a prognosis of only 12–15 months. Microfluidic technologies deliver microscale control of fluids and cells, and have aided cancer therapy as point‐of‐care devices for the diagnosis of breast and prostate cancers. However, a few microfluidic devices are developed to study malignant glioma. The ability of these platforms to accurately replicate the complex microenvironmental and extracellular conditions prevailing in the brain and facilitate the measurement of biological phenomena with high resolution and in a high‐throughput manner could prove useful for studying glioma progression. These attributes, coupled with their relatively simple fabrication process, make them attractive for use as point‐of‐care diagnostic devices for detection and treatment of GBM. Here, the current issues that plague GBM research and treatment, as well as the current state of the art in glioma detection and therapy, are reviewed. Finally, opportunities are identified for implementing microfluidic technologies into research and diagnostics to facilitate the rapid detection and better therapeutic targeting of GBM.
Dendritic Fe3O4@Poly(dopamine)@PAMAM Nanocomposite as Controllable NO‐Releasing Material: A Synergistic Photothermal and NO Antibacterial Study
Authors: Yu Siming , Li Guowei , Liu Rui , Ma Dong , Xue Wei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNowadays, antibiotic abuse increases the emergence of multidrug‐resistant bacterial strains, which is the major reason for the failure of conventional antibiotic therapies. Therefore, developing novel antibacterial materials or therapies is an urgent demand. In the present study, photothermal and NO‐releasing properties are integrated into a single nanocomposite to realize more efficient bactericidal effects. To this end, polydopamine (PDA) coated iron oxide nanocomposite (Fe3O4@PDA) is used as a photoconversion agent and the core, first three generation dendritic poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM‐G3) is grafted on the surface of Fe3O4@PDA, and subsequently NO is loaded with the formation of NONOate. The resultant Fe3O4@PDA@PAMAM@NONOate displays controllable NO release property under intermittent 808 nm laser irradiation and excellent bacteria‐separation efficiency. Moreover, excellent synergistic photothermal and NO antibacterial effects are observed against both Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus, where bacterial viability and biofilm are significantly reduced. An antibacterial mechanism study reveals that the materials first adsorb onto the bacterial membrane, then cause damage to the membrane by the increased local temperature and the released NO under laser irradiation conditions, finally leak the intracellular components like DNA and induce bacteria death. The work provides a novel way for designing of antibacterial materials with higher efficiency.
Phase Transition Control for High Performance Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xu , Munir Rahim , Xu Zhuo , Liu Yucheng , Tsai Hsinhan , Nie Wanyi , Li Jianbo , Niu Tianqi , Smilgies Detlef‐M. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Mohite Aditya D. , Zhao Kui , Amassian Aram , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRuddlesden–Popper reduced‐dimensional hybrid perovskite (RDP) semiconductors have attracted significant attention recently due to their promising stability and excellent optoelectronic properties. Here, the RDP crystallization mechanism in real time from liquid precursors to the solid film is investigated, and how the phase transition kinetics influences phase purity, quantum well orientation, and photovoltaic performance is revealed. An important template‐induced nucleation and growth of the desired (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 phase, which is achieved only via direct crystallization without formation of intermediate phases, is observed. As such, the thermodynamically preferred perpendicular crystal orientation and high phase purity are obtained. At low temperature, the formation of intermediate phases, including PbI2 crystals and solvate complexes, slows down intercalation of ions and increases nucleation barrier, leading to formation of multiple RDP phases and orientation randomness. These insights enable to obtain high quality (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 films with preferentially perpendicular quantum well orientation, high phase purity, smooth film surface, and improved optoelectronic properties. The resulting devices exhibit high power conversion efficiency of 12.17%. This work should help guide the perovskite community to better control Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite structure and further improve optoelectronic and solar cell devices.
Tunable Contact Angle Hysteresis for Component Placement on Stretchable Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Balan Catalin Mihai , Vlandas Alexis , Senez Vincent 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOne of the promising strategies to achieve high performance flexible electronics is to integrate high performance components (micro‐electro‐mechanical systems, integrated circuit, etc.) on a flexible substrate. The heterointegration of fragile high performance components, for example, thinned down 100 GHz silicon technology, necessitate however methodologies to place these components on the substrate while exerting as little force as possible to prevent any damage from occurring. In this work, a novel approach is presented for component positioning by capillary assembly on a smart flexible substrate composed of two layers of polymers. It is shown how the wettability of the surface can be engineered by combining stretching induced deformation of the top layer with plasma treatment. Using magnetically actuated ferrofluid droplets which carry the silicon chip shows how it can be aligned and deposited at predetermined sites on these substrates. It is demonstrated that unlike standard capillary alignment which relies on a hydrophobic/hydrophilic contrast, in this case deposition is controlled by surface adhesion contrast between the site and the rest of the substrate. Furthermore, it is explained how deposition sites can be selectively activated through localized stretching thus producing generic smart substrates on which precise depositions sites can be activated according to the needs of the end user.
Low Work Function Surface Modifiers for Solution‐Processed Electronics: A Review
Authors: Peng Xiang , Hu Lin , Qin Fei , Zhou Yinhua , Chu Paul K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInterfaces with a low work function are crucial to electron injection and collection in semiconducting devices such as diodes and transistors, and many types of surface modifiers have been developed to tailor the work functions of electronic devices. In this review, the basic and working mechanisms of low work function surface modifiers covering the surface dipole, low intrinsic bulk work function, doping, and self‐doping are described. Efficient solution‐processed surface modifiers developed lately to modify target surfaces are described and recent development of solution‐processed semiconducting devices including organic (quantum dots and perovskite) solar cells, light‐emitting diodes, field‐effect transistors, and organic photodetectors is summarized. Finally, the prospects and strategies to produce efficient and reliable low work function modifiers for solution‐processed semiconducting devices compatible with low‐cost fabrication techniques such as printing are presented.
Light‐Responsive Chemistry to Enable Tunable Interface‐Dependent Mechanical Properties in Composites
Authors: Gardea Frank , Huang Zhongjie , Glaz Bryan , Karna Shashi P. , Cheng Xiyuan , Peng Zhiwei , Wang YuHuang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis work shows the potential of using stimuli‐responsive interfacial adhesion as a means to control interface‐dependent properties in nanocomposites, which could enable interesting applications, such as remote shaping of structural materials, adaptive soft robotics, and tunable intrinsic material damping. In this approach, covalent interfacial bonding is triggered by exposure to an ultraviolet light stimulus, while the degree of interfacial interaction is varied with irradiation duration. To demonstrate the applicability of the technique, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is considered with carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers functionalized with the photoreactive molecule benzophenone. For this specific exemplar material system, the elastic modulus increases by as much as 93%, along with substantial increases in yield stress. The variation with irradiation time is shown to provide the high degree of spatial control needed to engineer heterogeneous materials with desired behavior. While the technique developed in this work is demonstrated on a CNT/PDMS system, the chemistry is generally applicable to a variety of organic filler/matrix combinations, expanding the utility of this interfacial control method to a wide range of material systems. Due to the amenability of this approach to layer‐by‐layer construction, this work shows the potential as an additive manufacturing technique for engineering materials on‐demand with necessary heterogeneous make‐ups.
Wavelength Selective Photodetectors Integrated on a Single Composition‐Graded Semiconductor Nanowire
Authors: Hu Xuelu , Liu Huawei , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xuehong , Shan Zhengping , Zheng Weihao , Li Honglai , Wang Xiaoxia , Zhu Xiaoli , Jiang Ying , Zhang Qinglin , Zhuang Xiujuan , Pan Anlian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNanoscale wavelength sensitive photodetectors based on single nanostructures are of significance for realizing future integrated optoelectronic devices. In this work, wavelength selective photodetectors integrated on a single composition‐graded CdSxSe1−x nanowire are realized. The photodetectors show an obvious illumination wavelength related rectifying effect, which can be ascribed to the graded composition along the wire. By spatially resolved photocurrent imaging, it is shown that the photoresponse of composition‐graded photodetectors is not restricted to the near contact regions, but can be extended to the whole nanowire due to the active optical waveguide to the narrow bandgap contact. Furthermore, by fabricating multielectrodes at different sections of the composition‐graded nanowire, multi‐photodetectors with tunable wavelength response ranges and selective rectified ratio at different wavelengths are realized. This work provides a deeper understanding of the dynamics of photogenerated carriers in bandgap‐engineered nanostructure photodetectors and opens the path to promising potential applications in integrated photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Carrier Transport and Recombination in Efficient “All‐Small‐Molecule” Solar Cells with the Nonfullerene Acceptor IDTBR
Authors: Liang Ru‐Ze , Babics Maxime , Savikhin Victoria , Zhang Weimin , Le Corre Vincent M. , Lopatin Sergei , Kan Zhipeng , Firdaus Yuliar , Liu Shengjian , McCulloch Iain , Toney Michael F. , Beaujuge Pierre M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractReaching device efficiencies that can rival those of polymer‐fullerene Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells (>10%) remains challenging with the “All‐Small‐Molecule” (All‐SM) approach, in part because of (i) the morphological limitations that prevail in the absence of polymer and (ii) the difficulty to raise and balance out carrier mobilities across the active layer. In this report, the authors show that blends of the SM donor DR3TBDTT (DR3) and the nonfullerene SM acceptor O‐IDTBR are conducive to “All‐SM” BHJ solar cells with high open‐circuit voltages (VOC) >1.1 V and PCEs as high as 6.4% (avg. 6.1%) when the active layers are subjected to a post‐processing solvent vapor‐annealing (SVA) step with dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). Combining electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analyses and systematic carrier recombination examinations, the authors show that SVA treatments with DMDS play a determining role in improving charge transport and reducing non‐geminate recombination for the DR3:O‐IDTBR system. Correlating the experimental results and device simulations, it is found that substantially higher BHJ solar cell efficiencies of >12% can be achieved if the IQE and carrier mobilities of the active layer are increased to >85% and >10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, while suppressing the recombination rate constant k to <10−12 cm3 s−1.
Improving Occupational Health Disparity Research: Testing a method to estimate race and ethnicity in a working population
Authors: Smith Caroline K. , Bonauto David K. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundRace and ethnicity data are often absent from administrative and health insurance databases. Indirect estimation methods to assign probability scores for race and ethnicity to insurance records may help identify occupational health inequities.MethodsWe compared race and ethnicity estimates from the Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) formula to self‐reported race and ethnicity from 1132 workers.ResultsThe accuracy of the BISG using gender stratified regression models adjusted for worker age and industry were excellent for White and Latino males and Latino females, good for Black and Asian Pacific Islander males and White and Asian Pacific Islander females. American Indian/Alaskan Native and those who indicated they were “Other” or “More than one race” were poorly identified.ConclusionThe BISG estimation method was accurate for White, Black, Latino, and Asian Pacific Islanders in a sample of workers. Using the BISG in administrative datasets will expand research into occupational health disparities.
Highly functionalized thermoplastic polyurethane from surface click reactions
Authors: Choi Jihyun , Moon Da Som , Ryu Sam Gon , Lee Bumjae , Lee Kyung Jin 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) functionalized with azido groups is useful because not only it allows the convenient introduction of various desired functional groups via the azide–alkyne click reaction, but also it is elastic, flexible, and easily proccessable. However, after undergoing click reaction with useful functional groups on polymer chain directly, the polymer becomes hard and non‐soluble in organic solvents, losing its useful properties. Therefore, a surface click reaction is performed on the azido TPU electrospun fiber to introduce specific functional groups (here amine and guanidine for catalytic reaction). The amine‐ and guanidine‐treated TPU fibers effectively convert diisopropyl fluorophosphates—the simulant of toxic nerve gases—and 2,2‐dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate—one of the insecticides to a non‐toxic product via decontamination by hydrolysis, with the amine and guanidine functional groups acting as nucleophilic catalysts. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46519.