bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilocus phylogenetics in a widespread African anuran lineage (Brevicipitidae: Breviceps) reveals patterns of diversity reflecting geoclimatic change
Authors: Nielsen Stuart V. , Daniels Savel R. , Conradie Werner , Heinicke Matthew P. , Noonan Brice P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate models assessing the influence of geomorphology and climatic shifts on species diversification in sub‐Saharan Africa by reconstructing the pattern and timing of phylogenetic relationships of rain frogs (Brevicipitidae: Breviceps).LocationSub‐Saharan Africa, south of the Congo Basin.MethodsMultilocus sequence data were generated for near complete species‐level sampling of the genus Breviceps. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred via Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analyses on both concatenated and single‐gene datasets. Network analyses identified locus‐specific reticulate relationships among taxa. Bayesian methods were used to infer dates of divergence among Breviceps lineages, and niche modelling was used to identify possible adaptive divergence.ResultsBreviceps is monophyletic and comprised of two major, largely allopatric subclades. Diversity within each subclade is concentrated in two areas with contrasting geologic and climatic histories: the arid/semiarid winter rainfall zone in the south‐western (SW) Cape, and the semitropical East Coast that receives predominantly summer rainfall. Recognized species diversity in the SW Cape based on phenotypic variation is consistent with observed genetic patterns whereas the East Coast is shown to harbour unexpectedly high genetic diversity and up to seven putative, cryptic species. Niche models show significant overlap between closely related species.Main conclusionsDating analyses indicate that diversification of Breviceps occurred rapidly within the Miocene, with only a moderate decline over the Plio‐Pleistocene, suggesting that this process might be slowed but ongoing. Our findings suggest that a combination of two models, a landscape barrier model and climate fluctuation model, can explain patterns of diversification in Breviceps. This demonstrates that Miocene epeirogenic events and climatic shifts may have had a considerable influence on contemporary patterns of biodiversity. Topographic complexity and relative geoclimatic stability in the East have promoted cryptic diversification in allopatry, and this area clearly harbours numerous undescribed taxa and is in need of detailed biotic investigation.
Integrating behavioral health in the pediatric medical home
Authors: Lauerer Joy A. , Marenakos Kimbi G. , Gaffney Kathy , Ketron Christina , Huncik Kara 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTopicBehavioral health disorders (psychiatric illness and substance abuse disorders) represent a significant burden across the nation's health care system. The number of children and adolescents requiring behavioral health care has increased while at the same time the behavioral health workforce continues to experience a shortage of providers. The current model of care is failing to meet the behavioral health needs of children and adolescents. Initiatives are underway that call for improved integration of behavioral health services into primary care. Patients and families often seek behavioral health care in the primary care setting.PurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe how one large urban pediatric practice began to integrate behavioral health services. Opportunities and challenges are discussed along with a review of three integrated care delivery models.Sources usedLiterature search was performed using PubMed and CINAHL; we also used Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and American Academy of Pediatrics Guidelines, which describe the need for integration of behavioral/mental health into pediatric primary care.
Differentiating typical from atypical perpetration of sibling‐directed aggression during the preschool years
Authors: Dirks Melanie A. , Recchia Holly E. , Estabrook Ryne , Howe Nina , Petitclerc Amelie , Burns James L. , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret J. , Wakschlag Lauren S. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundSibling aggression is common and often viewed as benign. Although sibling aggression can be harmful for the victims, it may also be a marker of clinical risk for the aggressor. We differentiated typical from atypical levels of perpetration of sibling‐directed aggression among preschoolers, a developmental period in which aggression is a normative misbehavior, by (a) identifying how frequently aggressive behaviors targeted at a sibling must occur to be psychometrically atypical; (b) mapping the dimensional spectrum of sibling‐directed aggression from typical, more commonly occurring behaviors to rarer, more atypical, actions; and (c) comparing the psychometric atypicality and typical‐to‐atypical spectrum of sibling‐directed aggression and peer‐directed aggression.MethodsParents (N = 1,524) of 3‐ (39.2%), 4‐(36.7%), and 5‐(24.1%) year‐olds (51.9% girls, 41.1% African‐American, 31.9% Hispanic; 44.0% below the federal poverty line) completed the MAP‐DB, which assesses how often children engage in aggressive behaviors. We used item‐response theory (IRT) to address our objectives.ResultsMost aggressive behaviors toward siblings were psychometrically atypical when they occurred ‘most days’ or more; in contrast, most behaviors targeted at peers were atypical when they occurred ‘some days’ or more. With siblings, relational aggression was more atypical than verbal aggression, whereas with peers, both relational and physical aggression were more atypical than verbal aggression. In both relationships, the most typical behavior was a verbally aggressive action. Results were broadly replicated in a second, independent sample.ConclusionsThese findings are a first step toward specifying features of sibling aggression that are markers of clinical risk and belie the notion that sibling aggression is inherently normative.
Political contestability and public contract rigidity: An analysis of procurement contracts
Authors: Beuve Jean , Moszoro Marian W. , Saussier Stéphane 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAre public contracts less adaptable than private contracts? Using a comprehensive set of contracts for a standard product, we compare procurement contracts in which the procurer is either a public administration or a private corporation. We find that public‐to‐private contracts feature more rigidity clauses than private‐to‐private contracts and that the use of rigidity clauses in public contracts rises when political risks are more salient. We argue that a significant part of the increased rigidity of public contracts is a contractual adaptation to limit political hazards from political opponents and interested third parties.
Abundance of natural enemies of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on three cultivars of sweet alyssum
Authors: Haseeb Muhammad , Gordon Tavia L. , Kanga Lambert H. B. , Legaspi Jesusa C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula is one of the most serious pests of tomatoes in Florida. During 2014 and 2015 tomato cropping seasons, three cultivars of sweet alyssum, Lobularia maritima (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) were evaluated in north Florida to determine their effectiveness in conserving the natural enemies of the southern green stink bug in open field conditions. The experimental refuge crops were cultivated on two outer rows and one center row of the tomato crop. Each section of the rows of trap crops and refuge crops was 20 × 3 ft. (6 × 0.91 m) in size. Pest insects and their natural enemies were collected weekly and identified. On refuge crops, big‐eyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Geocoridae); minute pirate bug, Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae), assassin bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), damsel bugs (Hemiptera: Nabidae), hover flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) and spiders (Arachnida) were collected. All cultivars of L. maritima attracted the natural enemies of the southern green stink bug; however ‘carpet of snow’ was the most effective cultivar followed by ‘tall white’ in attracting G. punctipes in the tomato crop. N. viridula population first peaked in July and declined in week 11 and then had a sharp increase in weeks 12 and 13 when G. punctipes population was comparatively high. Data on the availability of suitable refuge crops which provide nectar and shelter to natural enemies are useful for integrated pest management of the southern green stinkbug, because these plants provide necessary resources to conserve beneficial species.
Encouraging interprofessional collaboration: The effects of clinical protocols
Authors: Barrow Mark J , Gasquoine Susan E 
Published: July 2018

Aims and objectivesTo consider the characteristics of protocol documents themselves as a factor influencing the nature of care delivery and their potential to facilitate greater interprofessional collaboration.BackgroundHealthcare guidelines and clinical protocols provide important guidance and direction to health professionals in their delivery of care. By detailing requirements and actions to be taken in specified circumstances or contexts, these documents may facilitate a broadening of the pool of people able to deliver care.DesignCritical reading of four clinical protocols representing the range of protocol types in use was carried out to consider the extent to which the documentation of guidelines and protocols and the documents themselves might be considered as vehicles for increased collaboration in health care.MethodsA “close reading” rubric was developed directing the researcher to look for evidence in each protocol of the following: authorship, person or group responsible for the protocol's development; stated document purpose; target readers, either stated or implied; the particular subjects, the document names and the objects created by them such as care pathways; the use of specific terminology and imagery, the documents’ form and structure; and evidence of intertextuality referring to other documents, for example legislation or policy statements. Tabulation of the coding analysis is presented.ResultsNurses were the only professional group named in the documents as assignees or subjects. “Patients” and “care” are the objects created, and the scientific–biomedical discourse with its associated procedural language was dominant.ConclusionsMany protocols have been developed to standardise practice and increase the effectiveness of teamwork. They may, however, constrain collaboration in healthcare settings because they diminish a nursing “voice” and create the expectation that nurses alone work across the spectrum of protocols.Relevance to clinical practiceAn unintended consequence of the global use of clinical protocols and guidelines to support safe and efficient healthcare delivery may be to reduce interprofessional collaboration.
In search of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: A proteomics study
Authors: Valko Philipp O. , Roschitzki Bernd , Faigle Wolfgang , Grossmann Jonas , Panse Christian , Biro Peter , Dambach Micha , Spahn Donat R. , Weller Michael , Martin Roland , Baumann Christian R. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryFatigue in multiple sclerosis is a very common and cumbersome symptom, but its aetiology is poorly understood. Proteomics is increasingly implemented in multiple sclerosis research, but has not yet been used to study the neurobiological basis of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. To identify potential cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of fatigue in multiple sclerosis, we collected cerebrospinal fluid of 20 patients with multiple sclerosis with fatigue (MS+), 20 patients with multiple sclerosis without fatigue (MS−), and 20 control subjects without multiple sclerosis and without fatigue (HC). We used a shotgun proteomics approach and label‐free quantitative proteomics to analyse the protein content in cerebrospinal fluid. Selected proteins with differential abundance were further validated by immunoblotting. Out of 591 detected cerebrospinal fluid proteins, the abundance of nine proteins differed between the three groups, and seven additional proteins differed between MS+ and MS− patients. Using immunoblot or slot‐blot techniques, we confirmed decreased levels of protein kinase C‐binding protein NELL2, neural cell adhesion molecule L1‐like protein, and reelin in MS+ patients. In conclusion, cerebrospinal fluid proteomics may provide insight into the neurobiological basis of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. The proteins identified to be decreased in MS+ are involved in synaptic plasticity and energy homeostasis, and thus appear as plausible biomarkers of this common symptom.
Can antenatal diet and lifestyle interventions influence childhood obesity? A systematic review
Authors: Dalrymple Kathryn V. , Martyni‐Orenowicz Julia , Flynn Angela C. , Poston Lucilla , O'Keeffe Majella 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEvidence suggests that adverse nutritional exposures during in utero development may contribute to heightened risk of obesity in childhood. Pregnancy offers the opportunity to modify the intrauterine environment by manipulation of diet and/or physical activity, which may result in favourable health benefits for the child. The objective of this systematic review was to determine whether antenatal lifestyle interventions in pregnant women, aimed at modifying diet and/or physical activity, and lead to a reduction in measures of offspring obesity in early childhood. Three electronic databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2017 for antenatal interventions with subsequent offspring follow‐up publications. Eight trials were identified. Five trials included women from all body mass index categories, and 3 trials included obese women only. Children in the offspring follow‐up studies were aged 6 months to 7 years. Measures of adiposity in the offspring (n = 1989) included weight, body mass index, z‐scores, circumferences, and skinfold thicknesses. Two studies, focusing on obese women only, reported reduced measures of adiposity (subscapular skinfold thickness and weight‐for‐age z‐score) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The remaining 6 studies, two from infancy and 4 in early childhood found no effect on measures of adiposity. Measures of obesity up to 12 months of age have been shown to be reduced by antenatal lifestyle interventions during pregnancy in obese women. Due to the heterogeneity of the methodology of the antenatal interventions and the reported offspring outcomes we were unable to draw any conclusion on the influence of antenatal interventions on measures of obesity in early childhood.
Ecological genomics of variation in bud‐break phenology and mechanisms of response to climate warming in Populus trichocarpa
Authors: McKown Athena D. , Klápště Jaroslav , Guy Robert D. , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Mansfield Shawn D. 
Published: July 2018

Summary

Spring bud‐break phenology is a critical adaptive feature common to temperate perennial woody plants. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of variation in bud‐break is important for elucidating adaptive evolution and predicting outcomes relating to climate change.

Field and controlled growth chamber tests were used to assess population‐wide patterns in bud‐break from wild‐sourced black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) genotypes. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from whole genome sequencing to test for loci underlying variation in bud‐break.

Bud‐break had a quadratic relationship with latitude, where southern‐ and northern‐most provenances generally broke bud earlier than those from central parts of the species’ range. Reduced winter chilling increased population‐wide variation in bud‐break, whereas greater chilling decreased variation. GWAS uncovered 16 loci associated with bud‐break. Phenotypic changes connected with allelic variation were replicated in an independent set of P. trichocarpa trees. Despite phenotypic similarities, genetic profiles between southern‐ and northern‐most genotypes were dissimilar based on our GWAS‐identified SNPs.

We propose that the GWAS‐identified loci underpin the geographical pattern in P. trichocarpa and that variation in bud‐break reflects different selection for winter chilling and heat sum accumulation, both of which can be affected by climate warming.
Interrogation of spatial metabolome of Ginkgo biloba with high‐resolution matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Li Bin , Neumann Elizabeth K. , Ge Junyue , Gao Wen , Yang Hua , Li Ping , Sweedler Jonathan V. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGinkgo biloba is one of the oldest extant seed plants and has a number of unique properties and uses. Numerous efforts have characterized metabolites within the ginkgo plant and their corresponding biosynthesis pathways, but spatio‐chemical information on ginkgo metabolites is lacking. Mass spectrometry (MS) imaging was used to interrogate the spatio‐chemical localization of metabolites with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization and laser desorption/ionization Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance MS across the ginkgo leaf. Flavonoids, particularly unexpected and rare flavonoid cyclodimers, were detected predominately from leaf epidermis; ginkgolic acids and cardanols were observed exclusively in the secretory cavities. A non‐uniform distribution of flavonoids observed between the upper and lower leaf epidermis was verified by liquid chromatography–MS analyses. Other metabolites, such as saccharides, phospholipids, and chlorophylls, occurred mainly in mesophyll cells. Furthermore, organ‐ and tissue‐specific distributions of ginkgolides were revealed in the ginkgo root, young stem, and leaf. The acquired ion images provide important information regarding biosynthesis, transportation, and accumulation of metabolites throughout the ginkgo plant and should help us to understand the physiological roles of several plant secondary metabolites.
Anogenital warts in children: Analysis of a cohort of 34 prepubertal children
Authors: Costa‐Silva Miguel , Azevedo Filomena , Lisboa Carmen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnogenital warts are caused by infection with the human papillomavirus. We reviewed the clinical data of 34 children younger than 13 with anogenital warts referred to the department of dermatovenereology of a tertiary care hospital. Suspicion of sexual abuse was raised in 11 (32.4%). Human papilloma virus testing and genotyping was performed in 19 (55.9%) children, and human papilloma virus type 16 was found in 4, which raises the question regarding what type of follow‐up is required for children infected with high‐risk oncogenic HPV types. Although the diagnosis of anogenital warts in children raises concerns regarding sexual abuse, our study supports that pediatric anogenital warts can be associated with nonsexual transmission.
Dermoscopic features of idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma
Authors: Lobato‐Berezo Alejandro , Montoro‐Romero Soledad , Pujol Ramón M. , Segura Sonia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIdiopathic facial aseptic granuloma is a recently described condition with defined clinical features, natural history, and underlying histopathologic findings. Several reports have recently described the potential diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound findings in idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma. We describe herein the dermoscopic features of idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma.
New Magnetically Recyclable Reduced Graphene Oxide rGO/MFe2O4 (M= Ca, Mg)/Ag3PO4 Nanocomposites With Remarkably Enhanced Visible‐light Photocatalytic Activity and Stability
Authors: Bagherzadeh Mojtaba , Kaveh Reyhaneh 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNew magnetically separable CaFe2O4/Ag3PO4, MgFe2O4/Ag3PO4, rGO/CaFe2O4/Ag3PO4 and rGO/MgFe2O4/Ag3PO4 photocatalysts were synthesized by the hydrothermal and ion‐exchange deposition method. These four types of photocatalyst were used for degradation of Methylene blue (MB), Methyl orange (MO) and 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP) in aqueous solution under visible‐light illumination. The optimized photocatalyst, i.e. rGO/CaFe2O4/Ag3PO4 with a mass ratio of (1:3:9) composite not only shows the highest photocatalytic performance for the degradation of MB, MO and 4‐CP under visible light irradiation among the other synthesized photocatalysts but also exhibits high reusability and stability for at least five cycles. It was found that the impressive separation of electron–hole pairs as well as presence of rGO sheets which act as a high speed charge transfer were responsible for increasing photocatalytic activity over the optimized photocatalyst under visible‐light irradiation. A possible mechanism for the increased photocatalytic activity of the rGO/CaFe2O4/Ag3PO4 with a mass ratio of (1:3:9) composite was discussed in detail.
Constructing content validity of clinical nurse specialist core competencies: exploratory sequential mixed‐method study
Authors: Jokiniemi Krista , Meretoja Riitta , Pietilä Anna‐Maija 
Published: July 2018

RationalThe demand to increase nursing competence is brought on by the requirement of safe, accessible and more effective use of healthcare provider expertise. Clinical nurse specialist competency development dates back to the late 20th century; however, an examination of the literature reveals a lack of research and discussion to support the competency development.ObjectivesTo describe the formulation and validation process of the clinical nurse specialist core competencies.DesignExploratory sequential mixed‐method design.MethodsThis mixed‐method study, conducted between 2013 and 2017 in Finland, involved four phases: I) a Policy Delphi study (n = 25, n = 22, n = 19);II) cross‐mapping of preliminary competency criteria against international competency sets;III) content validity study of expanded competency criteria (n = 7, n = 10); andIV) verification of competency criteria with practicingCNSs (n = 16). Data were analysed by both qualitative and quantitative analysis methods.ResultsSeventy‐four preliminary clinical nurse competency criteria were formulated in the first phase of the study. Through cross‐mapping the competencies against theUSand Canadian clinical nurse specialist competency sets, they were further concised to 61 criteria. The examination of Content Validity Indexes and experts’ comments led to the clarification and consequent inclusion of 50 criteria to the final scale, with Scale Content Validity Index Average of 0.94. The competency criteria were evaluated to be a solid set with potential to clarify and uniform the clinical nurse specialist roles.ConclusionsThrough a rigorous research process, validated clinical nurse specialist competency criteria were formed with a high Scale Content Validity Index Average. The results allude to the potential of formulating international competency criteria to support global role clarity and understanding. However, further research is needed to validate the content and construct of the formulated competencies with a larger population across countries.