bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adherence Knowledge and Education Needs Among Pediatric Psychology Trainees: A Needs Assessment and Recommendations
Authors: Psihogios Alexandra M. , Gutiérrez-Colina Ana M. , Iskander Jeannette M. , Wasserman Rachel M. , Ramsey Rachelle R. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess pediatric psychology trainees’ perceived knowledge and understanding of clinical and ethical/professional issues in the area of treatment adherence. A secondary goal was to determine trainees’ needs and preferences for additional adherence-related training. Method: Seventy-nine trainees consisting of graduate students (49.4%), doctoral interns (20.2%), and postdoctoral fellows (30.4%) completed the Adherence Training Needs Assessment, a 26-item survey created by Adherence Special Interest Group leaders and approved by the Executive Board of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. This survey assessed trainee’s experiences, perceived competencies, training barriers, and desire and recommendations for additional training in the areas of adherence assessment, intervention, and ethical and professional issues. Results: Findings highlight adherence training gaps across several domains, notably evidence-based assessment, intervention, and theoretical knowledge. The vast majority of trainees endorsed a desire to enhance their adherence competencies through hands-on clinical training and increased access to adherence resources. Conclusions: To continue Society of Pediatric Psychology’s commitment to training pediatric psychologists, this paper highlights current challenges and novel opportunities to provide optimal adherence training. Implications for Impact Statement This study suggests that pediatric psychology trainees have unmet educational needs related to adherence and desire additional training in adherence assessment and intervention. Facilitating trainees’ education and training in adherence has important and widespread implications in ultimately addressing this prevalent clinical issue, advancing empirical knowledge, developing and implementing robust interventions, and collaborating with other providers to provide the best care to patients and families.
ALDH7A1 inhibits the intracellular transport pathways during hypoxia and starvation to promote cellular energy homeostasis
Authors: Yang Jia-Shu , Hsu Jia-Wei , Park Seung-Yeol , Lee Stella Y. , Li Jian , Bai Ming , Alves Claudia , Tseng William , Michelet Xavier , Ho I-Cheng , Hsu Victor W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family of metabolic enzymes converts aldehydes to carboxylates. Here, we find that the reductive consequence of ALDH7A1 activity, which generates NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form) from NAD, underlies how ALDH7A1 coordinates a broad inhibition of the intracellular transport pathways. Studying vesicle formation by the Coat Protein I (COPI) complex, we elucidate that NADH generated by ALDH7A1 targets Brefeldin-A ADP-Ribosylated Substrate (BARS) to inhibit COPI vesicle fission. Moreover, defining a physiologic role for the broad transport inhibition exerted by ALDH7A1, we find that it acts to reduce energy consumption during hypoxia and starvation to promote cellular energy homeostasis. These findings advance the understanding of intracellular transport by revealing how the coordination of multiple pathways can be achieved, and also defining circumstances when such coordination is needed, as well as uncovering an unexpected way that NADH acts in cellular energetics.
Components of genetic associations across 2,138 phenotypes in the UK Biobank highlight adipocyte biology
Authors: Tanigawa Yosuke , Li Jiehan , Justesen Johanne M. , Horn Heiko , Aguirre Matthew , DeBoever Christopher , Chang Chris , Narasimhan Balasubramanian , Lage Kasper , Hastie Trevor , Park Chong Y. , Bejerano Gill , Ingelsson Erik , Rivas Manuel A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPopulation-based biobanks with genomic and dense phenotype data provide opportunities for generating effective therapeutic hypotheses and understanding the genomic role in disease predisposition. To characterize latent components of genetic associations, we apply truncated singular value decomposition (DeGAs) to matrices of summary statistics derived from genome-wide association analyses across 2,138 phenotypes measured in 337,199 White British individuals in the UK Biobank study. We systematically identify key components of genetic associations and the contributions of variants, genes, and phenotypes to each component. As an illustration of the utility of the approach to inform downstream experiments, we report putative loss of function variants, rs114285050 (GPR151) and rs150090666 (PDE3B), that substantially contribute to obesity-related traits and experimentally demonstrate the role of these genes in adipocyte biology. Our approach to dissect components of genetic associations across the human phenome will accelerate biomedical hypothesis generation by providing insights on previously unexplored latent structures.
Human genome-edited hematopoietic stem cells phenotypically correct Mucopolysaccharidosis type I
Authors: Gomez-Ospina Natalia , Scharenberg Samantha G. , Mostrel Nathalie , Bak Rasmus O. , Mantri Sruthi , Quadros Rolen M. , Gurumurthy Channabasavaiah B. , Lee Ciaran , Bao Gang , Suarez Carlos J. , Khan Shaukat , Sawamoto Kazuki , Tomatsu Shunji , Raj Nitin , Attardi Laura D. , Aurelian Laure , Porteus Matthew H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLysosomal enzyme deficiencies comprise a large group of genetic disorders that generally lack effective treatments. A potential treatment approach is to engineer the patient’s own hematopoietic system to express high levels of the deficient enzyme, thereby correcting the biochemical defect and halting disease progression. Here, we present an efficient ex vivo genome editing approach using CRISPR-Cas9 that targets the lysosomal enzyme iduronidase to the CCR5 safe harbor locus in human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The modified cells secrete supra-endogenous enzyme levels, maintain long-term repopulation and multi-lineage differentiation potential, and can improve biochemical and phenotypic abnormalities in an immunocompromised mouse model of Mucopolysaccharidosis type I. These studies provide support for the development of genome-edited CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells as a potential treatment for Mucopolysaccharidosis type I. The safe harbor approach constitutes a flexible platform for the expression of lysosomal enzymes making it applicable to other lysosomal storage disorders.
A bioinspired hydrogen bond-triggered ultrasensitive ionic mechanoreceptor skin
Authors: Amoli Vipin , Kim Joo Sung , Jee Eunsong , Chung Yoon Sun , Kim So Young , Koo Jehyoung , Choi Hanbin , Kim Yunah , Kim Do Hwan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiological cellular structures have inspired many scientific disciplines to design synthetic structures that can mimic their functions. Here, we closely emulate biological cellular structures in a rationally designed synthetic multicellular hybrid ion pump, composed of hydrogen-bonded [EMIM+][TFSI−] ion pairs on the surface of silica microstructures (artificial mechanoreceptor cells) embedded into thermoplastic polyurethane elastomeric matrix (artificial extracellular matrix), to fabricate ionic mechanoreceptor skins. Ionic mechanoreceptors engage in hydrogen bond-triggered reversible pumping of ions under external stimulus. Our ionic mechanoreceptor skin is ultrasensitive (48.1–5.77 kPa−1) over a wide spectrum of pressures (0–135 kPa) at an ultra-low voltage (1 mV) and demonstrates the ability to surpass pressure-sensing capabilities of various natural skin mechanoreceptors (i.e., Merkel cells, Meissner’s corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles). We demonstrate a wearable drone microcontroller by integrating our ionic skin sensor array and flexible printed circuit board, which can control directions and speed simultaneously and selectively in aerial drone flight.
Solvent-triggered reversible interconversion of all-nitrogen-donor-protected silver nanoclusters and their responsive optical properties
Authors: Yuan Shang-Fu , Guan Zong-Jie , Liu Wen-Di , Wang Quan-Ming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSurface organic ligands are critical in determining the formation and properties of atomically precise metal nanoclusters. In contrast to the conventionally used thiolate, phosphine and alkynyl ligands, the amine ligand dipyridylamine is applied here as a protecting agent in the synthesis of atomically precise metal nanoclusters. We report two homoleptic amido-protected Ag nanoclusters as examples of all-nitrogen-donor-protected metal nanoclusters: [Ag21(dpa)12]SbF6 (Ag21) and [Ag22(dpa)12](SbF6)2 (Ag22) (dpa = dipyridylamido). Single crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that both clusters consist of a centered-icosahedron Ag13 core wrapped by 12 dpa ligands. The flexible arrangement of the N donors in dpa facilitates the solvent-triggered reversible interconversion between Ag21 and Ag22 due to their very different solubility. The successful use of dpa in the synthesis of well-defined silver nanoclusters may motivate more studies on metal nanoclusters protected by amido type ligands.
Balancing hydrogen adsorption/desorption by orbital modulation for efficient hydrogen evolution catalysis
Authors: Li Feng , Han Gao-Feng , Noh Hyuk-Jun , Jeon Jong-Pil , Ahmad Ishfaq , Chen Shanshan , Yang Changduk , Bu Yunfei , Fu Zhengping , Lu Yalin , Baek Jong-Beom 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHydrogen adsorption/desorption behavior plays a key role in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis. The HER reaction rate is a trade-off between hydrogen adsorption and desorption on the catalyst surface. Herein, we report the rational balancing of hydrogen adsorption/desorption by orbital modulation using introduced environmental electronegative carbon/nitrogen (C/N) atoms. Theoretical calculations reveal that the empty d orbitals of iridium (Ir) sites can be reduced by interactions between the environmental electronegative C/N and Ir atoms. This balances the hydrogen adsorption/desorption around the Ir sites, accelerating the related HER process. Remarkably, by anchoring a small amount of Ir nanoparticles (7.16 wt%) in nitrogenated carbon matrixes, the resulting catalyst exhibits significantly enhanced HER performance. This includs the smallest reported overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 (4.5 mV), the highest mass activity at 10 mV (1.12 A mgIr−1) and turnover frequency at 25 mV (4.21 H2 s−1) by far, outperforming Ir nanoparticles and commercial Pt/C.
Production of zosteric acid and other sulfated phenolic biochemicals in microbial cell factories
Authors: Jendresen Christian Bille , Nielsen Alex Toftgaard 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiological production and application of a range of organic compounds is hindered by their limited solubility and toxicity. This work describes a process for functionalization of phenolic compounds that increases solubility and decreases toxicity. We achieve this by screening a wide range of sulfotransferases for their activity towards a range of compounds, including the antioxidant resveratrol. We demonstrate how to engineer cell factories for efficiently creating sulfate esters of phenolic compounds through the use of sulfotransferases and by optimization of sulfate uptake and sulfate nucleotide pathways leading to the 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate precursor (PAPS). As an example we produce the antifouling agent zosteric acid, which is the sulfate ester ofp-coumaric acid, reaching a titer of 5 g L−1in fed-batch fermentation. The described approach enables production of sulfate esters that are expected to provide new properties and functionalities to a wide range of application areas.
Spatially clustered loci with multiple enhancers are frequent targets of HIV-1 integration
Authors: Lucic Bojana , Chen Heng-Chang , Kuzman Maja , Zorita Eduard , Wegner Julia , Minneker Vera , Wang Wei , Fronza Raffaele , Laufs Stefanie , Schmidt Manfred , Stadhouders Ralph , Roukos Vassilis , Vlahovicek Kristian , Filion Guillaume J. , Lusic Marina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHIV-1 recurrently targets active genes and integrates in the proximity of the nuclear pore compartment in CD4+ T cells. However, the genomic features of these genes and the relevance of their transcriptional activity for HIV-1 integration have so far remained unclear. Here we show that recurrently targeted genes are proximal to super-enhancer genomic elements and that they cluster in specific spatial compartments of the T cell nucleus. We further show that these gene clusters acquire their location during the activation of T cells. The clustering of these genes along with their transcriptional activity are the major determinants of HIV-1 integration in T cells. Our results provide evidence of the relevance of the spatial compartmentalization of the genome for HIV-1 integration, thus further strengthening the role of nuclear architecture in viral infection.
Typhoid toxin exhausts the RPA response to DNA replication stress driving senescence and Salmonella infection
Authors: Ibler Angela E. M. , ElGhazaly Mohamed , Naylor Kathryn L. , Bulgakova Natalia A. , F. El-Khamisy Sherif , Humphreys Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSalmonella Typhi activates the host DNA damage response through the typhoid toxin, facilitating typhoid symptoms and chronic infections. Here we reveal a non-canonical DNA damage response, which we call RING (response induced by a genotoxin), characterized by accumulation of phosphorylated histone H2AX (γH2AX) at the nuclear periphery. RING is the result of persistent DNA damage mediated by toxin nuclease activity and is characterized by hyperphosphorylation of RPA, a sensor of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and DNA replication stress. The toxin overloads the RPA pathway with ssDNA substrate, causing RPA exhaustion and senescence. Senescence is also induced by canonical γΗ2ΑΧ foci revealing distinct mechanisms. Senescence is transmitted to non-intoxicated bystander cells by an unidentified senescence-associated secreted factor that enhances Salmonella infections. Thus, our work uncovers a mechanism by which genotoxic Salmonella exhausts the RPA response by inducing ssDNA formation, driving host cell senescence and facilitating infection.
Ciliary exclusion of Polycystin-2 promotes kidney cystogenesis in an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease model
Authors: Walker Rebecca V. , Keynton Jennifer L. , Grimes Daniel T. , Sreekumar Vrinda , Williams Debbie J. , Esapa Chris , Wu Dongsheng , Knight Martin M. , Norris Dominic P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe human PKD2 locus encodes Polycystin-2 (PC2), a TRPP channel that localises to several distinct cellular compartments, including the cilium. PKD2 mutations cause Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) and affect many cellular pathways. Data underlining the importance of ciliary PC2 localisation in preventing PKD are limited because PC2 function is ablated throughout the cell in existing model systems. Here, we dissect the ciliary role of PC2 by analysing mice carrying a non-ciliary localising, yet channel-functional, PC2 mutation. Mutants develop embryonic renal cysts that appear indistinguishable from mice completely lacking PC2. Despite not entering the cilium in mutant cells, mutant PC2 accumulates at the ciliary base, forming a ring pattern consistent with distal appendage localisation. This suggests a two-step model of ciliary entry; PC2 first traffics to the cilium base before TOP domain dependent entry. Our results suggest that PC2 localisation to the cilium is necessary to prevent PKD.
Ab initio investigation of the cyclodehydrogenation process for polyanthrylene transformation to graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Xiao Zhongcan , Ma Chuanxu , Lu Wenchang , Huang Jingsong , Liang Liangbo , Hong Kunlun , Li An-Ping , Sumpter Bobby G. , Bernholc Jerzy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) can be synthesized from molecular precursors with atomic precision. A prominent case is the 7-atom-wide armchair GNR made from 10,10′-dibromo-9,9′-bianthryl (DBBA) precursors on metal substrates through dehalogenation/polymerization followed by cyclodehydrogenation. We investigate the key aspects of the cyclodehydrogenation process by evaluating the energy profiles of various reaction pathways using density functional theory and the nudged elastic band method. The metal substrate plays a critical catalytic role by providing stronger adsorption for products and facilitating H desorption. For polyanthrylene on an extra layer of GNR on Au, the underlying GNR insulates it from the Au substrate and increases the reaction barriers, rendering the polyanthrylene “quasi-freestanding”. However, positive charge injection can induce localized cyclodehydrogenation. We find that this is due to the stabilization of an intermediate state through an arenium ion mechanism and favorable orbital symmetries. These results provide mechanistic insight into the effects of the metal substrate and charge injection on cyclodehydrogenation during GNR synthesis and offer guidance for the design and growth of new graphitic structures.
Variational ansatz-based quantum simulation of imaginary time evolution
Authors: McArdle Sam , Jones Tyson , Endo Suguru , Li Ying , Benjamin Simon C. , Yuan Xiao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractImaginary time evolution is a powerful tool for studying quantum systems. While it is possible to simulate with a classical computer, the time and memory requirements generally scale exponentially with the system size. Conversely, quantum computers can efficiently simulate quantum systems, but not non-unitary imaginary time evolution. We propose a variational algorithm for simulating imaginary time evolution on a hybrid quantum computer. We use this algorithm to find the ground-state energy of many-particle systems; specifically molecular hydrogen and lithium hydride, finding the ground state with high probability. Our method can also be applied to general optimisation problems and quantum machine learning. As our algorithm is hybrid, suitable for error mitigation and can exploit shallow quantum circuits, it can be implemented with current quantum computers.
The chemical and attitudinal differences between commercial and artisanal products
Authors: Cirne Cecilia T. , Tunick Michael H. , Trout Rosemary E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHere we report a study of artisanal grain, coffee, ice cream, cheese, and chocolate made in the Philadelphia and New York areas, exploring the chemistry responsible for the differences between artisanal and mass-produced food, the rationale that artisans have toward making their products, and consumer attitudes toward purchasing artisanal food. The contrasting techniques used in manufacturing these two classes of food lead to differences in composition, flavor, and texture. Dairy products made from pasture-fed cows, for instance, display more complex flavor profiles owing to the greater variety of plants the animals consume. Consumers are willing to pay more for artisanal food, feeling that it tastes better, is healthier, and helps support family-owned operations. Producers not only want to be able to control their businesses, but also wish to create better and more-authentic food in an environmentally friendly manner. The psychology surrounding artisanal food is partly based on their chemistry.
Pre-existing yellow fever immunity impairs and modulates the antibody response to tick-borne encephalitis vaccination
Authors: Bradt Victoria , Malafa Stefan , von Braun Amrei , Jarmer Johanna , Tsouchnikas Georgios , Medits Iris , Wanke Kerstin , Karrer Urs , Stiasny Karin , Heinz Franz X. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFlaviviruses have an increasing global impact as arthropod-transmitted human pathogens, exemplified by Zika, dengue, yellow fever (YF), West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) viruses. Since all flaviviruses are antigenically related, they are prone to phenomena of immunological memory (‘original antigenic sin’), which can modulate immune responses in the course of sequential infections and/or vaccinations. In our study, we analyzed the influence of pre-existing YF vaccine-derived immunity on the antibody response to TBE vaccination. By comparing samples from YF pre-vaccinated and flavivirus–naive individuals, we show that YF immunity not only caused a significant impairment of the neutralizing antibody response to TBE vaccination but also a reduction of the specific TBE virus neutralizing activities (NT/ELISA-titer ratios). Our results point to a possible negative effect of pre-existing cross-reactive immunity on the outcome of flavivirus vaccination that may also pertain to other combinations of sequential flavivirus infections and/or vaccinations.
Human hand kinematic data during feeding and cooking tasks
Authors: Roda-Sales Alba , Vergara Margarita , Sancho-Bru Joaquín L. , Gracia-Ibáñez Verónica , Jarque-Bou Néstor J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis work presents a database of human hand kinematics containing data collected during the performance of a wide variety of activities of daily living involving feeding and cooking. The data were recorded using CyberGlove instrumented gloves on both hands measuring 18 degrees of freedom on each. A total of 20 subjects participated in each part of the experiment, and the objects and their arrangement were the same across subjects, although they performed the tasks in a natural non-directed way. This dataset contains a total of 1160 continuous calibrated recordings taken at 100 Hz during the performance of the tasks, with filtered signal. Statistical descriptive analyses from these data are presented. This database can be useful for machine learning purposes and prostheses control, as well as for the characterization of healthy human hand kinematics.