bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution and development of complex floral displays
Authors: Khojayori Farahnoz N. , Ponraj Udhaya , Buch Kristina , Zhao Yi , Herrera-Ubaldo Humberto , Glover Beverley J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Flowering plants – angiosperms – display an astounding diversity of floral features, which have evolved in response to animal pollination and have resulted in the most species-rich plant clade. Combinations of macroscale (e.g. colour, symmetry, organ number) and microscale (e.g. cell type, tissue patterning) features often lead to highly elaborate floral displays. Most studies have focused on model species with simple floral displays to uncover the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms involved in flower evolution, yet few studies have focused on complex floral displays. Here, we review current knowledge on the development and evolution of complex floral displays. We review gene regulatory networks involved in four developmental pathways contributing to overall floral display (inflorescence architecture, organ identity, flower symmetry and flower colour) in classical plant models. We then discuss how evolutionary modification of one or more of these pathways has resulted in the production of a range of complex floral displays. Finally, we explore modular systems in which multiple pathways have been modified simultaneously, generating the most elaborate floral displays.
Excursion business in the context of sustainable tourism development
Authors: Hutsal Liudmyla 
Published: November 2024

The article examines the role of excursion activities in the development of sustainable tourism as an important area of the modern tourism industry. Sustainable tourism, which is guided by the principles of environmental responsibility, social inclusion and economic sustainability, is aimed at preserving natural and cultural resources and ensuring the long-term development of local communities. Excursion business, as one of the main components of tourism services, has a significant potential for implementing sustainable tourism ideas due to the possibility of direct influence on the minds of tourists, promotion of cultural heritage and support for the local economy.
In addition, sightseeing is a powerful tool for introducing tourists to the cultural heritage of the region. Excursions focusing on cultural, historical and ethnographic aspects contribute to the preservation of local traditions and increase the attractiveness of the territories for tourists. The positive impact of excursions on the region's economy is also considered: excursion activities stimulate demand for local products, crafts and services, which in turn contributes to the development of small businesses, the creation of new jobs and the strengthening of economic resilience of communities.
The article highlights the main challenges facing the excursion business in the context of sustainable tourism. In particular, the article discusses the need to improve the professional level of guides in the field of sustainable development, adaptation of excursion programmes to the requirements of environmental standards and active involvement of local communities in tourism activities. The importance of cooperation between government, business and local organisations to ensure the sustainable development of tourist regions.
Thus, the excursion business, focused on the principles of sustainable development, has a significant potential for preserving natural and cultural heritage, ensuring economic growth and improving the quality of life of the local population.
Dynamic Contract Design in the Presence of Double Moral Hazard
Authors: Tian Feng , Astashkina Ekaterina , Duenyas Izak 
Published: November 2024

We consider a stylized incentive management problem over an infinite time horizon, where the principal hires an agent to provide services to customers. Customers request service in one of two ways: either via an online or a traditional offline channel. The principal does not observe the offline customers’ arrivals, nor does she observe whether the agent exerts (costly) effort that can increase the arrival rate of customers. This creates an opportunity for the agent (i) to divert cash (that is, to under-report the number of offline customers and pocket respective revenues) and also (ii) to shirk (that is, not to exert effort), thus leading to a novel and thus far unexplored double moral hazard problem. To address this problem, we formulate a constrained, continuous-time, stochastic optimal control problem and derive an optimal contract with a simple intuitive structure that includes a payment scheme and a potential termination time of the agent. We enrich the model to allow the principal to either (i) dynamically adjust the prices for the services in both channels or (ii) monitor the agent. Both tools help the principal to alleviate the double moral hazard problem. We derive respective optimal strategies for using those tools that guarantee the highest profits. We show that the worse the agent’s past performance is, the lower the prices should be set and the more the principal should monitor the agent. This paper was accepted by Ilia Tsetlin, behavioral economics and decision analysis. Funding: The work of F. Tian is financially supported by the Hong Kong RGC Funding [RGC General Research Fund 2023/24 17502023], HKU Seed Fund for Basic Research for New Staff (2022), and the HKU Business School Shenzhen Research Institute [SZRI2023-BRF-04]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01169 .
Disrupting Ableism and Racism in the Classroom
Authors: Dossick Alison 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article explores how ability has been used together with racism and other intersectionalities to exclude marginalised populations in educational settings. The definitions of culturally sustaining pedagogy and universal design for learning are applied to further ways of inclusion in our diverse classrooms. Treating ability as a culture is essential for understanding how these two theories work together to disrupt oppression that begins in schools and is perpetuated into adulthood. Embracing all aspects of individuals builds an understanding of diverse populations rather than othering them. By making inclusion an aspect of teaching in all classrooms, nations will reap the rewards that accepting diverse viewpoints brings to global harmony.
The Good White, the Bad, and the Ugly—Contemporary Limits to Wokeness
Authors: Lombaard M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
I argue that there is an emptiness to wokeness which remains as social awareness and does not translate to collective responsibility. Wokeness, like social justice movements, is an ongoing collective process which cannot focus on or remain with the individual. I use the example of white people in South Africa as a privileged group that cannot be woke, unless the social awareness translates into material and epistemic change. Wokeness that remains at the level of the individual, wokeness as the becoming aware of social issues only to the extent that it does not change one’s life, is empty. I argue that one cannot be woke while perpetuating and participating in systems of inequality, especially for white people in South Africa as a privileged group who have the resources for a response-ability. If wokeness is a mere speech act and if we try to be woke only to the extent that it does not change the structures of our lives, then wokeness is the mere branding of the individual. I build the argument for privileged groups to take their social awareness as only the first step towards collective responsibility and action.
In this article, I argue that there is an emptiness to wokeness that remains as individual awareness and does not begin the work of restructuring society. The individualisation of social justice movements leads to an internalised empty individual wokeness, which does not change the societal structure towards equality. I use the example of white people in contemporary South Africa as a privileged group who could not be woke with the societal structure as it is. This example relates to the broader scheme of the limits to wokeness as an individual awareness and the co-option of wokeness or social justice as a brand, which does not have a relation to collective work within our liberal-capitalist milieu. My intention in this article is to refocus conversations about white identity, and awareness of social injustice, from the perspective of a privileged group, towards collective responsibility.
Exposing telomere length’s impact on malnutrition risk among older adults residing in the community: Insights from cross-sectional data analysis
Authors: Rodrigues Priscila , Furtado Guilherme , Martins Margarida , Vieira Ricardo , Orlandi Ariene , Brito-Costa Sónia , Moisão Ana , Corona Ligiana , Lima Daniela , Brito Tábatta 
Published: November 2024

Background
Successful aging is associated with an increase in life expectancy. For a better understanding of the aging process, recognize the relationship between telomere length and nutritional status is a novel approach in geriatric science. Telomers shortening coincides with a decrease in life expectancy, and an increased risk of malnutrition-related diseases.

Goals
The goal of this study was to investigate whether a shorter telomere length is associated with a greater likelihood of malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
A cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample of 448 older people aged 60 years old or over, and living in the urban area of an inland Brazilian municipality was conducted. The information was gathered in two stages: a) a personal interview was conducted to obtain sociodemographic, cognitive, and functional autonomy data. The Mini Nutritional Assessment was used to assess the risk of malnutrition. b) a blood sample was taken to proceed with the relative quantitative study of telomere length using real-time qPCR method. The differences between the groups were estimated using Pearson’s v2 and Fisher’s exact tests. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression were applied.

Results
In 34.15% of the total sample, malnutrition was recognized as a risk factor. Older people with the shortest telomere length had more chances of getting malnutrition (OR = 1.63; IC:95% = 1.04–2.55) compared to those with longer telomeres, independent of age groups, family income, multimorbidity, cognitive decline, and depressive symptoms.

Conclusion
The creation of clinical trials and the implementation of therapies to reduce the risk of malnutrition will be aided using the telomere length as an aging innovative biomarker, connected with nutritional status.
Analysis of clinicopathological factors associate with the visibility of early gastric cancer in endoscopic examination and usefulness of linked color imaging: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Fukuda Kensuke , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Yamaguch Daisuke , Tanaka Yuichiro , Hashiguchi Kazutoshi , Akutagawa Takashi , Shimoda Ryo , Suzuki Sho , Miike Tadashi , Sumida Yorinobu , Maeda Hidehito , Sasaki Fumisato , Gushima Ryosuke , Miyamoto Hideaki , Hashiguchi Keiichi , Yamaguchi Naoyuki , Ohira Tetsuya , Kinjo Tetsu , Ohnita Ken , Moriyama Tomohiko , Ohtsu Kensei , Aso Akira , Ogawa Ryo , Ueo Tetsuya , Fukuda Masahide 
Published: November 2024

Background
This study investigated clinicopathological factors associated with the visibility of early gastric cancer and the efficacy of linked color imaging.

Methods
Patients with early gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic treatment between April 2021 and July 2022 were enrolled. All cases underwent white light imaging and linked color imaging. Three experts evaluated lesion visibility using a visual analog scale. A mean score ≥3 on white light imaging was defined as “good visibility”, and <3 as “poor visibility”. We extracted patient information and endoscopic and pathological data for the lesion and background mucosa, analyzed factors associated with the visibility of early gastric cancer, and compared visibility between white light imaging and linked color imaging.

Results
Ninety-seven lesions were analyzed, with good visibility in 49 and poor visibility in 48. Multivariate analysis revealed small lesion size (odds ratio 1.89) and presence of endoscopic intestinal metaplasia (odds ratio 0.49) as significantly associated with the poor visibility of early gastric cancer. Mean visibility score was significantly higher for linked color imaging (P<0.001). Mean score for linked color imaging was significantly higher in the poor visibility group (P<0.001), but not significantly different in the good visibility group (P = 0.292). Mean score was significantly higher with linked color imaging in cases with endoscopic intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.0496) and lesions <20 mm in diameter (<10 mm, P = 0.002; 10–20 mm, P = 0.004).

Conclusions
Lesion size and endoscopic intestinal metaplasia are associated with the visibility of early gastric cancer in white light imaging. Linked color imaging improves visibility of gastric cancer with these factors.
Anti-inflammatory effects of eupatilin on Helicobacter pylori CagA-induced gastric inflammation
Authors: Lee Bong Eun , Park Su Jin , Kim Gwang Ha , Joo Dong Chan , Lee Moon Won 
Published: November 2024

Background
Eupatilin, a flavone isolated from Artemisia species, exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-neoplastic activities. However, the effects of eupatilin on H. pylori-associated gastritis remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of eupatilin on gastric epithelial cells infected with cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA)-positive Helicobacter pylori.

Materials and methods
AGS human gastric carcinoma cells were infected with a CagA-positive H. pylori strain and then treated with 10, 50, or 100 ng of eupatilin. After 24 h, the expression levels of CagA, phosphoinositide 3-kinase 1 (PI3K), nuclear factor (NF)-κB, interleukin (IL)-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the cell lysates were measured using western blotting, and the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results
CagA translocation into AGS cells resulted in an elongated cell morphology, which was significantly suppressed by eupatilin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence staining for anti-CagA showed that eupatilin treatment dose-dependently inhibited CagA expression in the H. pylori-infected AGS cells. H. pylori infection increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, and eupatilin treatment significantly reduced the levels of these cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, eupatilin treatment dose-dependently suppressed the expression of PI3K and NF-κB.

Conclusions
Eupatilin treatment demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on CagA-positive H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells by inhibiting CagA translocation, thereby suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that eupatilin plays a protective role against CagA-positive H. pylori-induced gastritis.
Successful Management of Myval Transcatheter Heart Valve Embolization Into Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: García-Escobar Artemio , Galeote Guillermo , Jurado-Román Alfonso , Jiménez-Valero Santiago , Cabrera José Ángel , Moreno Raúl 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Transcatheter heart valve embolization is a serious and rare complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Having a strategy for promptly managing transcatheter heart valve embolization is crucial to avoid emergency conversion from transcatheter aortic valve replacement to open-heart surgery. Many cases of transcatheter heart valve embolization occurring with balloon-expandable prostheses such as the SAPIEN 3 (Edwards LifeSciences Corporation) valve and self-expandable prostheses such as the ACURATE neo (Boston Scientific Corporation) valve have been reported in the literature. Here, for the first time (to the authors’ knowledge), the case of a Myval (Meril Life Sciences Pvt Ltd) transcatheter heart valve embolization during transcatheter aortic valve replacement, which was treated percutaneously with favorable outcomes, is reported.
On semilinear inequalities involving the Dunkl Laplacian and an inverse-square potential outside a ball
Authors: Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem , Vetro Calogero 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Let

Δ

k

{\Delta }_{k}

be the Dunkl generalized Laplacian operator associated with a root system

R

R

of

R

N

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}

,

N
≥
2

N\ge 2

, and a nonnegative multiplicity function

k

k

defined on

R

R

and invariant by the finite reflection group

W

W

. In this study, we study the existence and nonexistence of weak solutions to the semilinear inequality

−

Δ

k

u
+

λ

∣
x
∣

2

u
≥

∣
u
∣

p

-{\Delta }_{k}u+\frac{\lambda }{{| x| }^{2}}u\ge {| u| }^{p}

in

R

N

\

B

1

¯

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}\backslash \overline{{B}_{1}}

under the boundary condition

u
≥
0

u\ge 0

on

∂

B

1

\partial {B}_{1}

, where

p
>
1

p\gt 1

,

λ
≥
−

(

N
−
2
+
2
γ

)

2

⁄
4

\lambda \ge -{(N-2+2\gamma )}^{2}/4

, and

B

1

{B}_{1}

is the open unit ball of

R

N

{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}

. Namely, we show that the dividing line with respect to existence and nonexistence is given by a critical exponent that depends on

λ

\lambda

,

N

N

, and

γ

(

k

)

\gamma \left(k)

, where

γ

(

k

)

=

∑

α
∈

R

+

k

(

α

)

\gamma \left(k)={\sum }_{\alpha \in {R}^{+}}k\left(\alpha )

and

R

+

{R}^{+}

is the positive subsystem.
An Appalled Ghost Guiding Readers Across Semiotic Fault Lines: The Contribution of Literature to the Appreciation of Legal Change
Authors: Parolin Gianluca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
What are the conditions for meaning-making in intertextuality? The article explores what the relational dynamics of (legal) transtextuality can reveal about the semiotic hierarchies that govern them. The interest in these relational dynamics goes beyond the specific relations between texts captured by the hypo-/hyper-text relation. Rather, it embraces the inner conditions of meaning-making in transtextuality across multiple texts. Shifts in the underlying semiotic hierarchies can be tracked within each (legal) field, but the article turns to literature to explore the potential of intertextuality in exposing the transformative dynamics of various legal fields underneath the shifting semiotic hierarchies. Legal studies have variously investigated these shifting semiotic hierarchies, often resorting to the spectrum imposition/prestige (Sacco 1991) the article thus looks into the intertextuality of a literary text and what it can contribute to the analysis, beyond the spectrum. Egypt in the 19th century witnessed major legal transformations (Fahmy 2018; Hilāl 2011; Peters 2020). Just as major, however, were the transformations in legal discourse to accommodate a new vocabulary of ‘modern’ law, often drawing from Islamic law (Parolin 2016). The dynamic relations between alternative legal discourses and their semiotic hierarchies almost imperceptibly transformed over the course of the century, but by the end of the century these hierarchies were nearly entirely redrawn, and Islamic legal discourse had to be characterised or adjectivised as ‘Islamic’ (Parolin 2015). The article thus considers one of the canonical works of late 19th century Egyptian literature, Muḥammad al-Muwayliḥī’s What ʿĪsá bin Hishām Told Us (1898–1901). In it, the author describes with irony the shock and tribulations of the ghost of a mid-19th century personality in his encounter with late 19th century Egypt. Al-Muwayliḥī’s is however a brilliant fictional device to stage al-Muwayliḥī’s own shock and the shock of late 19th century Egyptians at the transformations of the country in a few decades. His humourous account precisely begins with changes in law and its enforcement agencies. Not only does legal discourse often capture the enormity of these legal transformations, but also how other elements of legal semiotics witness to far-reaching transformations that cause the ghost much tribulation, on top of the shock.
Prediction of muscular-invasive bladder cancer using multi-view fusion self-distillation model based on 3D T2-Weighted images
Authors: Zou Yuan , Yu Jie , Cai Lingkai , Chen Chunxiao , Meng Ruoyu , Xiao Yueyue , Fu Xue , Yang Xiao , Liu Peikun , Lu Qiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Accurate preoperative differentiation between non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is crucial for surgical decision-making in bladder cancer (BCa) patients. MIBC diagnosis relies on the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) in clinical using multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI). Given the absence of some sequences in practice, this study aims to optimize the existing T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) sequence to assess MIBC accurately.

Methods
We analyzed T2WI images from 615 BCa patients and developed a multi-view fusion self-distillation (MVSD) model that integrates transverse and sagittal views to classify MIBC and NMIBC. This 3D image classification method leverages z-axis information from 3D MRI volume, combining information from adjacent slices for comprehensive features extraction. Multi-view fusion enhances global information by mutually complementing and constraining information from the transverse and sagittal planes. Self-distillation allows shallow classifiers to learn valuable knowledge from deep layers, boosting feature extraction capability of the backbone and achieving better classification performance.

Results
Compared to the performance of MVSD with classical deep learning methods and the state-of-the-art MRI-based BCa classification approaches, the proposed MVSD model achieves the highest area under the curve (AUC) 0.927 and accuracy (Acc) 0.880, respectively. DeLong’s test shows that the AUC of the MVSD has statistically significant differences with the VGG16, Densenet, ResNet50, and 3D residual network. Furthermore, the Acc of the MVSD model is higher than that of the two urologists.

Conclusions
Our proposed MVSD model performs satisfactorily distinguishing between MIBC and NMIBC, indicating significant potential in facilitating preoperative BCa diagnosis for urologists.
Combination of edge enhancement and cold diffusion model for low dose CT image denoising
Authors: Du Yinglin , Liu Yi , Wu Han , Kang Jiaqi , Gui Zhiguo , Zhang Pengcheng , Ren Yali 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Since the quality of low dose CT (LDCT) images is often severely affected by noise and artifacts, it is very important to maintain high quality CT images while effectively reducing the radiation dose.

Methods
In recent years, the representation of diffusion models to produce high quality images and stable trainability has attracted wide attention. With the extension of the cold diffusion model to the classical diffusion model, its application has greater flexibility. Inspired by the cold diffusion model, we proposes a low dose CT image denoising method, called CECDM, based on the combination of edge enhancement and cold diffusion model. The LDCT image is taken as the end point (forward) of the diffusion process and the starting point (reverse) of the sampling process. Improved sobel operator and Convolution Block Attention Module are added to the network, and compound loss function is adopted.

Results
The experimental results show that CECDM can effectively remove noise and artifacts from LDCT images while the inference time of a single image is reduced to 0.41 s.

Conclusions
Compared with the existing LDCT image post-processing methods, CECDM has a significant improvement in all indexes.