bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developments in caloric measurements, materials, and devices at Calorics 2024
Authors: Moya Xavier , Guo Mengfan , Mathur Neil D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Heating and cooling combined constitute the world’s largest form of end-use energy and the largest source of carbon emissions. It is therefore interesting to explore heat pumps based on caloric materials, which offer promising and environmentally friendly alternatives to gas combustion and vapor compression. The possibility of replacing these traditional methods of heating and cooling motivates the current research on caloric materials and devices. Here, we report the latest developments from the second biennial Calorics conference.

Graphical abstract

Highlights
Caloric materials offer environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional heating and cooling technologies, addressing global energy and carbon emission challenges. The latest developments on caloric measurements, materials and devices were presented at the second biennial Calorics conference in Cambridge (UK).

Discussion
How can caloric technologies be made more energy efficient to ensure they outperform traditional vapor-compression systems?
What are the most significant barriers to scaling caloric materials and devices from lab-scale prototypes to commercial applications?
Could integrating caloric technologies with renewable energy sources, such as solar or waste heat recovery, offer sustainable solutions for heating and cooling?
Evaluation of the effectiveness of Russian universities in addressing personnel development challenges
Authors: Romanov E. V. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The transition to a new system of higher education in Russia is examined within the framework of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development.Aim. The present research aims to analyse existing and planned university performance indicators, assess their relevance to personnel development at universities, and formulate proposals to enhance the personnel development system, taking into account the implementation of a new personnel training system in Russian higher education.Methodology and research methods. The fundamental methodological approach employed was systematic. Theoretical research methods utilised included a literature review on the research problem, analysis of normative documents, comparison and generalisation, induction, and synthesis, which involved formulating proposals for an approach to evaluating university activities.Results. An analysis of the current performance indicators of universities led the author to conclude that two indicators are prioritised: the proportion of employed graduates and the proportion of teaching staff whose average salary is 200% or more than the regional average salary. The introduction of a new indicator, which aims to characterise the system of personnel development (the share of employees under the age of 39 among the total number of scientific and pedagogical workers), may result in a reduction of teaching staff from other age groups. Based on an analysis of the trends in the number of teaching staff at leading universities in the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions, a consistent decline in both the total number of teaching staff and the proportion of teachers under 40 years old has been observed. The issue of personnel reproduction within universities is a critical one. However, the new system of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of universities, which will take effect on January 1, 2025, does not address this problem.Scientific novelty. The author proposes a reevaluation of the approach to financing universities, suggesting that the state should financially support the number of staff positions justified by each university. This proposal includes the establishment of salary rates for young teachers, with the estimated proportion of these rates constituting at least 35% of the total number of teaching staff positions at the university. Implementing this approach will promote continuity in the intellectual and value-based development of teaching staff, grounded in established scientific schools.Practical significance. The research findings can be used to formulate a strategy for advancing the scientific and educational sectors in light of the transition to a new personnel training system in higher education.
Academic integrity in the framework of a student’s sustainable anti-corruption stance: insights from sociological analysis
Authors: Chevtaeva N. G. , Bobrova O. V. , Koll E. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The process of fostering a sustainable anti-corruption stance among students faces a significant challenge: the disconnect between publicly stated condemnations of corruption and the behaviours exhibited in daily life.Aim. The present research aimed to conduct a sociological analysis of the development of a stable anti-corruption stance among students, focusing on three key parameters: cognitive, value-based, and behavioural.Methodology and research methods. A sociological survey was conducted among 572 university students in Ekaterinburg (n = 572) studying Economics and Management. The survey was administered online using the Yandex platform, and the results were analysed using the statistical software SPSS.Results. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the results obtained in relation to findings from Russian and international empirical studies. The analysis revealed that students exhibit a relatively high level of values rejecting corruption in society; however, they simultaneously display a tolerant attitude towards violations of academic honesty within their educational activities. It was concluded that the norms of academic honesty are more stable during group interactions than in individual educational pursuits. Additionally, the study identifies the need to analyse new opportunities and risks to academic integrity associated with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational contexts.Scientific novelty. A diagnostic assessment of the “sustainable anti-corruption position” among university students was conducted, focusing on their rational, value-based, and behavioural manifestations. It is argued that academic integrity serves as a behavioural indicator of the sustained anti-corruption stance that students exhibit through their educational activities.Practical significance. The adoption of standards of academic integrity will assist students in developing a socially acceptable model of behaviour, particularly in situations where there may be a temptation to violate anti-corruption rules for personal gain. The cultivation of a student’s academic integrity should be regarded as a crucial component of systemic anti-corruption efforts within the university.
Developing the digital competencies of future public servants: a differentiated approach
Authors: Avalueva N. B. , Garkusha N. S. 
Published: December 2024

Introduction. In the digital age, a primary condition for ensuring national security, fostering long-term economic development, and enhancing the quality of life for citizens is the effective functioning of state civil service institutions. Consequently, the quality of training for future employees in public authorities, particularly in the field of information and communication technologies, is of paramount importance.Aim. The present research aims to establish scientific and methodological foundations for a differentiated approach to developing digital competencies among future specialists in public and municipal administration during their training.Methodology and research methods. The methodological foundation of the study was grounded in the methods and principles of systems analysis, as well as general logical methods of scientific inquiry, including analysis, synthesis, generalisation, induction, and deduction. Additionally, it employed modelling techniques such as mental modelling and visual modelling.Results. The definition of the category “differentiation” as a specific form of educational organisation has been established. Key principles have been identified and substantiated, including the principles of complexity levels, individualisation, and collaboration. A framework model for the differentiated training of future public authority employees in the field of digital technologies has been outlined.Scientific novelty. A new methodology for training future specialists in state and municipal administration has been developed, substantiated, and is currently being implemented, taking into account contemporary trends in the evolution of the higher education system, particularly in the realm of digital technologies.Practical significance. The results obtained can serve as a methodology for organising educational activities within the higher education system, specifically for training future employees of public authorities.
Detection of respiratory syncytial virus in cases of acute lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric age group by antigen detection and PCR analysis in a tertiary care hospital of eastern Odisha
Authors: Sahoo Soumya Sibani , Sarangi Gitanjali , Dwibedi Bhagirathi 
Published: December 2024

: Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the most common causes of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in the paediatric age group. Various demographic and risk factors are associated with the severity of the disease.: This study was conducted to detect RSV from ALRI cases using two different methods and to correlate the findings with various risk factors.: The study was carried out over a period of 2 years on 242 ALRI cases in the Paediatrics Department of SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected using standard procedures and subjected to a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) for antigen detection, and molecular detection was performed using PCR.: Clinical and demographic data were collected and analyzed. Among the 242 clinically diagnosed ALRI cases, 14.05% were positive for RSV by one or both methods (ICT and RT-PCR). Considering real-time RT-PCR as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of the ICT were found to be 82.35%, 100%, 100%, and 97.19%, respectively. There was a significant association between risk factors such as prematurity, vitamin A supplement deficiency, and smokers in the household with RSV infections (p-values of 0.001, 0.003, and 0.002, respectively).: The study demonstrates two different methods for identifying RSV; thus, a simple, rapid method can be used as an alternative in resource-limited settings, enabling clinicians to avoid unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions in such cases. It also highlights risk factors that are adversely associated with disease morbidity, whose efficient control can significantly reduce the disease burden.
Prevalence and characterization of selected foodborne pathogens in frequently consumed street foods of Hyderabad, India: An exploratory study
Authors: Vemula Sudershan Rao , Sabbithi Alekhya , Kumar R Naveen , Gavaravarapu Subba Rao , Nagalla Balakrishna 
Published: December 2024

Emerging foodborne pathogens in recent times are been a major public health concern for consumers. Food establishments such as street foods, which cater to larger sections of the population in developing countries, have become potential vehicles for emerging foodborne pathogens. The present study aimed to identify high-risk/emerging pathogens in street-vended foods from the south Indian city –Hyderabad. A cross-sectional study was carried outon 150 Chinese fast food samples, and 150 Bhelpuri- (mixed of puffed rice vegetables and sauces) samples, collected by stratified random sampling method. Foodborne pathogens/hygiene indicators were analyzed using USFDA-BAM (United States Food and Drug Administration-Bacteriological Analytical Manual) methods. Enteropathogens such as spp. and spp. were identified in 45.3% (68/150) and 20% (30/150) respectively in Bhel puri samples. Among Chinese fast foods, was detected in 90-92% of samples. About 40% samples were observed positive for in Chinese fried rice. Among the isolates of (n=20), 50% were resistant to Co-Trimoxazole and Amoxicillin. and were identified in the food samples. Periodic evaluation and monitoring of street foods are very essential to estimate the risk and toxicity of foodborne pathogens.
Study on duration of symptoms of anal fissure and its impact on response to conservative treatment – A systemic review
Authors: Raut Kamal 
Published: December 2024

Conservative treatment is the main course of action for anal fissure. The goal of this review was to see how symptom duration affected the anal fissure's responsiveness to conservative treatment.In this systematic review, We evaluated the duration of symptoms related to anal fissure as well as their effect on the response to conservative treatment. The study was done by referring journals and articles from PUBMED, Scopus, web of science and Elsevier for a systemic review and references for additional studies. All the articles and literature other than in English language are excluded. Atypical fissures which occur due to conditions like cancer, anal infection and inflammatory bowel disease are excluded. The key search words used are Anal fissure , Fissure in anal and conservative treatment, symptoms of anal fissure , Anal fissure and Glycery l Tri Nitrate (GTN), Anal fissure and Botox, Anal fissure and pathophysiology, Anal fissure and calcium channel Blockers, classification of anal fissure. A total yielded 1048 articles on initial search; first 614 duplicate publications were removed. After screening additional 467 articles were excluded and 147 full articles were assessed for the study. After performing complete screening data analysis of total 14 literature were involved in this present systematic review.This Systemic review can be concluded by the above mentioned finding that if symptom duration is less or in other words in acute anal fissures conservative treatment methods can work very effectively especially with GTN. However, as the duration of symptoms exceed the healing rate decreases attributing to the chronicity of the anal fissures. This renders the conservative treatment modalities less effective and making surgical treatment alternatives like Lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) the mainstay for chronic anal fissure.
Akurasi Model Prediksi Finansial Distress Pada Perusahaan Sektor Infrastruktur
Authors: Rahayu Isti , Indah Setyorini  
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
This study aims to provide evidence on the accuracy of the Altman Z-Score, Zmijewski, and Grover models in predicting financial distress among infrastructure sector companies in Indonesia. Additionally, the study attempts to identify which model is the most accurate for predicting financial distress in these companies. The research utilized secondary data from the annual financial statements of infrastructure sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2018 and 2021, with a total sample of 26 companies. The results indicate that the Zmijewski model had the highest prediction accuracy at 88.46%, with the lowest error rates: 25% for type I errors and 9.09% for type II errors. Thus, the Zmijewski model is considered the most suitable for predicting financial distress in Indonesian infrastructure companies.
Keywords: prediction model, financial distress, accuracy, infrastructure

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti tingkat akurasi model Altman Z- Score, Zmijewski, dan Grover dalammelakukan prediksi financial distress perusahaan sektor infrastruktur di Indonesia. Selain itu,penelitian juga bertujuanuntuk mendapat bukti model yang paling akurat dalam melakukan prediksi finansial distress pada perusahaan tersebut.Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan tahunan perusahaan sektor infrastruktur yangterdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2018-2021 dengan total sampel 26 perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Zmijewski menjadi model prediksi dengan akurasi tertinggi sebesar 88.46% yang didukung dengan tingkat error terendah yakni tipe I sebesar 25% dan tipe II sebesar 9.09%. Oleh karena itu, model Zmijewski menjadi model prediksi yang lebih tepat digunakan pada Perusahaan infrastruktur di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: model prediksi, financial distress, akurasi, infrastruktur
The Engineer - Who Is He?
Authors: Calhoun John C. 
Published: December 2024

How does one recognize an engineer? Is it by the specific job he performs; by the technical knowledge he possesses; by his membership in a certain type of professional society; by the fact that he is licensed; because he is employed by a particular kind of industry; or perhaps because he has graduated from an engineering curriculum? This may seem like a rather naive question, yet it is at the heart of much of the discussion today concerning the advance of technology and the ability of this nation to compete with other nations. The question also plays a role in manpower evaluations and in deliberations on shortages of engineers. It also is a question pertinent to the establishment of engineering curricula in our colleges and universities.
There are at least two approaches of significance to this question. First, let us look at the engineer in relation to the scientist and the industrialist, two other persons with whom the engineer may be confused; second, let us look at the engineer in terms of the kind of job he does.
It is said that the engineer is becoming more of a scientist. Another commonly held opinion is that the best engineer is a scientist who has decided to work on applied jobs. Is there really a merging of these identities? I do not believe so.
It is true that all areas of inquiry are becoming more complex. It is also true that some of the newer ideas of inquiry are more abstract. Furthermore, the total body of available scientific information becomes increasingly large. Hence, the engineer will not only need to study more science to know his particular area of inquiry, but as the scientist moves on to new and deeper challenges, more of what he leaves will become a part of the engineer's background. However, these things do not make the functional role of the engineer equivalent to that of the scientist.
Comprehensive Study on Curing, Plugging, and Acid-Dissolution of Antipollution MgO-Based Curing Material in Polysulfonate Drilling Fluid
Authors: Zhang Hao , She Jiping , Ma Wenjing , Xu Chengyuan , You Zhenjiang , Yang Bin 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Direct injection of low-solid curable materials with drilling fluid has the potential to streamline the construction process and reduce costs associated with lost circulation. In this paper, the basic properties, curing behavior, plugging performance, and acid-dissolution characteristics of the mixed slurry using self-made Magnesium oxide (MgO)-based curing material (MCM) combined with polysulfonate drilling fluid were investigated. The basic properties of the mixed slurry exhibited excellent pollution resistance of MCM. The mixed slurry containing 30–50% MCM showed the volume shrinkage ranging from −1.55% to 3.02% and the curing time spanning from 1.67 hours to 2.17 hours, showing exceptional curing behavior. The drilling fluid had no effect on the final strength, but the different components had either negative [sulfonated phenolic resin (SMP-1)] or positive [sodium hydroxide (NaOH)] effects on the hydration process through scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Besides, retarder effectively extended the curing time to 270–470 minutes without compromising the strength of the final cured product or affecting formation processes, which can be used to control the curing time of MCM. Pressure-resistance testing revealed that sealing zones and induced cracks with rough surfaces exhibited higher interfacial bonding capacity, while induced cracks as small as 2 mm showed minimal leakage at pressures up to 16 MPa and eventually stabilized at 14 MPa. Furthermore, acid dissolution tests demonstrated complete release of cured products in a short time, offering potential benefits for reservoir protection. Field application examples further confirmed the compatibility of MCM with drilling fluid and its effectiveness in sealing cracks.
Prevalence of Tramadol Abuse and Associated Factors among Hawassa University Students
Authors: Shiferaw¹ Adanech , Tamiru¹ Wudinesh , Mohammed¹ Fetiya , Ataro Getu , Bisrat Zewengel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:Tramadol abuse is a current public health concern in Ethiopia. Drug abuse including that of tramadol is a significant public health issue that causes health, economic, and social problems to individual drug users, their families, the community, and the entire nation. Therefore this study delivers information regarding current tramadol abuse among students of an Ethiopian University.
Objective:The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of tramadol abuse and associated factors among Hawassa university students, February to June 2023.
Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was performed among 402 randomly selected Hawassa university students. Data was collected from participant through self-administered researcher made questionnaire using kobo toolbox software applications. Data from kobo toolbox were directly exported to and analyzed by using SPSS version 26 software. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify the factors associated with tramadol abuse. In the final model, Adjusted Odds Ratio, and 95% CI was used to measure the strength of association and P-value less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.
Result: A total of 402 students were enrolled in this study of which 46 students (11.4%) had history of tramadol abuse once in their lifetime with 23.9% of them were active tramadol abuser with some dependence behaviors. The result of multivariate analysis shows that having a friend who use drugs (p=0.041, OR=1.691), knowing about tramadol (p=0.001, OR=13.766) and having the history of taking tramadol with physicians prescription in their life time (P<0.001, OR=12.951) were the significant predictors of tramadol abuse.
Conclusion:The life time prevalence of tramadol abuse among university students is high and it demands attention of government and the general public.
Digital PCR detection of Microsporidia spp. in household pipe water of patients with microsporidial keratitis
Authors: Sriyuttag Wararee , Mordmaung Auemphon , Techarang Tachpon , Juhong Jakkrit , Kowanz Dominik H , Udomwech Lunla 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This is a prospective non-comparative experimental study aimed to investigate the presence of Microsporidia spp. in household pipe water of microsporidial keratitis (MK) patients and to describe the patients’ characteristics and behavioral risk factors. This study was conducted at Walailak University Hospital, Thailand, from July 2022 to February 2024. Patients diagnosed with MK were surveyed using a questionnaire to assess personal behaviors and source of household water. Water from faucets of MK patients’ houses were collected for laboratory analysis with digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) to detect Microsporidia spp. in water samples. The study involved 67 MK patients, with 23 households contributing water samples. Utilizing dPCR analysis, we found that all water samples were contaminated with Microsporidia spp. Level of contamination differed depending on the water source, with households that use untreated water in their plumbing system having significantly higher copies of pathogenic microsporidial DNA. Contrary to traditionally perceived risk from soil contact into eyes, our study identifies household water as an unforeseen potential source of MK. This emphasizes the critical importance of water quality management in preventing the infection.