bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Earlier-Reported Rotational Thromboelastometry Parameters to Evaluate Clotting Status, Fibrinogen, and Platelet Activities in Postpartum Hemorrhage Compared to Surgery and Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Toffaletti John G. , Buckner Kelly A. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) can provide clinical information in 10–20 minutes for guiding administration of fibrinogen, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma products. While ROTEM testing is well established for cardiac and other surgeries, it is less characterized for use in postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) patients. We wanted to determine if the earlier-measured ROTEM parameters (α-angle and amplitude at 10 minutes [A10]) could replace the later parameters (amplitude at 20 minutes and maximum amplitude [maximum clot firmness {MCF}]) in all patient groups studied. We also correlated the A10 and α-angle of the EXTEM and FIBTEM tests to the fibrinogen levels and platelet counts in these patients.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed 100 sets of EXTEM and FIBTEM results ordered on patients undergoing operations for PPH, patients in intensive care units (ICU), and those undergoing cardiothoracic surgery (cardiothoracic operating room [C/T OR]). We determined if the correlations among the various parameters were similar among the PPH, ICU, and C/T OR patients.

RESULTS:
As expected, the EXTEM A10 (A10EX) and FIBTEM A10 (A10FIB) correlated highly to the EXTEM MCF and FIBTEM MCF in all patient groups. The A10EX parameter correlated significantly to both fibrinogen and platelet levels, and the A10FIB correlated to the fibrinogen levels. The difference between the A10EX and the A10FIB (PLTEM) is related to platelet activity, and we found that the PLTEM and platelet count correlated highly for all 100 PPH patients (r = 0.80), C/T OR patients (r = 0.70), and ICU patients (r = 0.66), despite 4 high platelet counts with relatively low PLTEM values in the ICU group. The earlier-reported parameter EXTEM α angle (α-EX) is an excellent indicator of the A10EX, with an α-EX ≥65° (ie, normal) giving a >96% probability that the A10EX was ≥44 mm, and an α-EX value below 65 mm giving an 86% probability that the A10EX was <44 mm.

CONCLUSIONS:
The correlations among the ROTEM parameters for the PPH comparisons were equivalent to the C/T OR patients studied, and the A10EX and A10FIB could replace the MCF results in all patient groups. Also, the α-EX was an early indicator of the A10EX and had good correlations to the A10FIB and the fibrinogen in all patient groups. Finally, in a separate group of 62 comparisons, the FIBTEM α angle showed promise as an early indicator of the A10FIB and the fibrinogen levels.
US Food and Drug Administration Disruption of Generic Drug Market Increases Hospital Costs
Authors: Almeter Philip J. , Labuhn Jonathan A. , Morris Peter E. , Hessel Eugene A. 
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND:
The purpose of the US Food and Drug Administration’s Marketed Unapproved Drugs Initiative is to decrease marketing of older unapproved medications. The administration has recently extended its rulings by including sterile injectable drugs administered in the inpatient environment. The impact of this initiative on the inpatient environment has been minimally studied.

METHODS:
Consecutive retrospective purchase data of vasopressin for injection (vasopressin) and neostigmine methylsulfate for injection (neostigmine) from 720 hospitals and 746 hospitals, respectively, were included. Purchases occurred from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2016. The average noncontract drug price was calculated and compared to the purchase data during the impact of the initiative. Comparison was made of hospital purchases made before and after the initiative. The year 2014 was considered a washout transition year due to the large amounts of discontinued unapproved formulations that were still available and purchased by hospitals. The analysis was completed using a matched paired t test.

RESULTS:
The noncontract price for vasopressin increased from $12.83 per vial to $158.83 per vial (1138% increase) and for neostigmine from $27.74 per vial to $175.14 per vial (531% increase) across the pre- and postinitiative intervals; however, purchase volumes after the price increases were not found to have a statistically significant difference compared to purchases before the price increases (P = .98 and P = .4, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Health systems have experienced a significant cost increase of vasopressin and neostigmine and are absorbing price increases for these older, generic sterile injectable drugs.
Wnt signalling: conquering complexity
Authors: Wiese Katrin E. , Nusse Roel , van Amerongen Renée 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
The history of the Wnt pathway is an adventure that takes us from mice and flies to frogs, zebrafish and beyond, sketching the outlines of a molecular signalling cascade along the way. Here, we specifically highlight the instrumental role that developmental biology has played throughout. We take the reader on a journey, starting with developmental genetics studies that identified some of the main molecular players, through developmental model organisms that helped unravel their biochemical function and cell biological activities. Culminating in complex analyses of stem cell fate and dynamic tissue growth, these efforts beautifully illustrate how different disciplines provided missing pieces of a puzzle. Together, they have shaped our mechanistic understanding of the Wnt pathway as a conserved signalling process in development and disease. Today, researchers are still uncovering additional roles for Wnts and other members of this multifaceted signal transduction pathway, opening up promising new avenues for clinical applications.
Complex Terrain Load Carriage Energy Expenditure Estimation Using Global Positioning System Devices
Authors: POTTER ADAM W. , SANTEE WILLIAM R. , MULLEN STEPHEN P. , KARIS ANTHONY J. , BLANCHARD LAURIE A. , ROME MAXWELL N. , PITTS KENNETH P. , LOONEY DAVID P. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Military load carriage can cause extreme energy expenditure (EE) that is difficult to estimate due to complex terrain grades and surfaces. Global Positioning System (GPS) devices capture rapid changes in walking speed and terrain but the delayed respiratory response to movement is problematic. We investigated the accuracy using GPS data in three different equations to estimate EE during complex terrain load carriage.

Methods
Twelve active duty military personnel (age, 20 ± 3 yr; height, 174 ± 8 cm; body mass, 85 ± 13 kg) hiked a complex terrain trail on multiple visits under different external load conditions. Energy expenditure was estimated by inputting GPS data into three different equations: the Pandolf–Santee equation, a recent GPS-based equation from de Müllenheim et al.; and the Minimum Mechanics model. Minute-by-minute EE estimates were exponentially smoothed using smoothing factors between 0.05 and 0.95 and compared with mobile metabolic sensor EE measurements.

Results
The Pandolf–Santee equation had no significant estimation bias (−2 ± 12 W; P = 0.89). Significant biases were detected for the de Müllenheim equation (38 ± 13 W; P = 0.004) and the Minimum Mechanics model (−101 ± 7 W; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Energy expenditure can be accurately estimated from GPS data using the Pandolf–Santee equation. Applying a basic exponential smoothing factor of 0.5 to GPS data enables more precise tracking of EE during non–steady-state exercise.
Strategy and the Institutional Envelope
Authors: Ahuja Gautam , Capron Laurence , Lenox Michael , Yao Dennis A. 
Published: June 2018

Classical approaches to strategy are built around two dominant pillars to explain firm performance: industry structure and firm strategy and capabilities. Firm performance is typically seen as a result of a “fit,” or complementarity, between industry structure and firm strategic choices. We supplement the classical model of strategy with a third pillar, that of the institutional envelope. We argue that the institutional envelope, as its name suggests, is a pervasive influence on the strategy-performance relationship. Both firm strategy and industry structure are simultaneously shaped by, and shape, the institutional envelope, which is both a primitive to and product of firm strategy and industry structure. It also moderates the relationship between firm strategy and industry structure. Institutional considerations are therefore not simply a subfield of strategy research. The institutional envelope is a critical component of any consideration of strategy. Theories of industry structure and strategic choice are insufficient without a fully formed model of the institutional envelope at their very foundation. All strategies, market or non-market, are consciously or unconsciously related to their institutional envelope—being tailored to conform to the institutional envelope or tailoring the institutional envelope to suit them. We see this institutional project that we are advancing as nothing less than the third great wave of strategy research, building off the previous waves emphasizing industry structure and firm choice and resources. It is in the context of this institutions-based strategy model that we preview the papers in the special issue.
A Probabilistic Traffic-Theoretic Network Loading Model Suitable for Large-Scale Network Analysis
Authors: Lu Jing , Osorio Carolina 
Published: June 2018

This paper formulates an analytical stochastic network loading model. It is a stochastic formulation of the link transmission model (LTM), which itself is an operational formulation of Newell’s simplified theory of kinematic waves. The proposed model builds on an existing initial model. It proposes a formulation with enhanced scalability. In particular, compared with the initial model, it has a complexity that is linear rather than cubic in the link’s space capacity. This makes it suitable for large-scale network analysis. The model is validated versus a simulation-based implementation of the stochastic LTM. The proposed model yields significant gains in computational efficiency while preserving accuracy. The validation experiments illustrate how computational run times of the proposed model increase linearly with the link’s space capacity, while the initial model has an exponential increase in run times. The proposed model yields accurate distributional approximations of the link’s boundary conditions. It is used to address a probabilistic formulation of a citywide signal control problem. The model is shown to be robust to the quality of the initial signal plans. It yields signal plans that systematically outperform both initial plans, as well as a plan derived by widely used commercial signal control software. The model is suitable for large-scale network optimization. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0804 .
Information Security Measures of Libraries of Central Universities of Delhi : A Study
Authors: Singh Vikas , Margam Madhusudhan 
Published: June 2018

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The paper is to examine the information security measures, physical, organisational and technological in Jawahar Lal Nehru University (JNU), University of Delhi (DU) and Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI) in Delhi. The paper uses a mixed-method approach that combines both quantitative and qualitative analyses of information security measures </span><span>with the help of a specially designed checklist. The findings of the study reveals that JNU scored 69.23 per cent highest information security features, followed by DU with 66.15 per cent, and JMI got the lowest total score with 63.07 per cent. The study has also revealed that all the university libraries under study have been lagging behind </span><span>in physical security measures. It is hoped that the present study will help in improving the information security </span><span>lacunas in libraries under study. The findings of the study will not only guide the university librarians to improve their Information security measures, but also open the floodgates for improvements of information security in fast </span><span>changing technological world so that they can overcome the limitations being faced by librarians. </span></p></div></div></div><p> </p>
Service Quality of Libraries of Indian Council of Agricultural Research Institutes of Kerala, India
Authors: K.P. Sajna , K. Mohamed Haneefa 
Published: June 2018

<p>The purpose of this study is to measure the service quality of the libraries of Indian Council of Agricultural Research institutes in Kerala. Survey method with modified SERVQUAL questionnaire was employed to elicit responses from a representative sample of 180 users of the libraries. It is revealed that the ICAR institute libraries lack service quality. While the libraries compared, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Library has shown quality to an extent and library of Central Tuber Crops Research Institute has shown least service quality. Library collection dimension was found as the most expected dimension whereas library staff dimension was the most perceived dimension. The highest service quality gap was identified with library service dimension and the lowest gap was identified with library staff dimension. Regular user need assessment and feedback mechanism should be done to improve the service quality of the libraries. The study can be utilised for developing quality enhancement practices in special libraries in India. </p>
Effect of Some Organic Manure on Growth and Yield of Garlic in Greenhouse Condition at Cold Desert High Altitude Ladakh Region
Authors: Acharya Somen , Kumar Hitesh 
Published: June 2018

<p>A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of four organic manure sources (vermicompost, poultry manure, sheep &amp; goat manure and cattle FYM) on growth and yield attributing characters of garlic in greenhouse condition during extreme winter months (October to May) at Leh-Ladakh, India with three application rates of organic manures <em>viz</em>. 10, 20 and 30 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>. The results revealed that, organic manure application enhanced plant growth, improved garlic yield and its components <em>viz</em>. no. of cloves per bulb, bulb diameter and weight. Also, with increasing rate of application of organic manures from 10 to 20 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>, all growth and yield characters of garlic were improved. Vermicompost and poultry manure had significant effects on plant growth characters <em>viz</em>. plant height, number of leaves per plant, length and width of leaves especially in the T<sub>3</sub> and T<sub>6</sub> treatments. Highest garlic yield (105.03q ha<sup>-1</sup>) was achieved in T<sub>6</sub> treatment (poultry manure @ 20 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>). Overall, application of organic manures proved to be beneficial for garlic production and its application should be popularized for sustainable agriculture in fragile ecosystem of cold arid desert of Ladakh region. </p>
Kisaran Inang Cowpea mild mottle virus dan Respons Varietas Kedelai
Authors: Sutrawati Mimi , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti , Soekarno Bonny Purnomo Wahyu , Nurmansyah Ali , Suastika Gede 
Published: June 2018

Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) is one of important virus which infects soybean and become an endemic disease since the first time reported in Java and Sumatra. Research was conducted to study the host range of CPMMV and to evaluate response of new type soybean varieties to CPMMV specific isolate. Host range study of CPMMV CR16 isolate was conducted by sap transmission method to 11 species of indicator plants, whereas evaluation of soybean response involved 10 varieties. The resistance response of soybean variety was based on incubation period, and of either the disease incidence or severity. Virus infection on test plants were confirmed by dot immunobinding assay (DIBA) using specific CPMMV antisera. The CPMMV CR16 isolate was able to infect systemically 8 plant species belongs to Leguminoceae, and Solancaeae; while the virus caused local infection on Amaranthaceae. All plant species infected systemically proved to become sources of inoculum for CPMMV when they used in back inoculation to soybean. Response of soybean varieties to CPMMV CR16 isolate can be categorized into susceptible (Detam 1, Detam 2, Detam 3, Anjasmoro, Wilis), moderated (Detam 4, Malika, Dena 1) and resistant (Argomulyo and Grobogan).
Sharpened Adams Inequality and Ground State Solutions to the Bi-Laplacian Equation in ℝ4
Authors: Chen Lu , Li Jungang , Lu Guozhen , Zhang Caifeng 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we establish a sharp concentration-compactness principle associated with the singular Adams inequality on the second-order Sobolev spaces in

ℝ
4

{\mathbb{R}^{4}}

. We also give a new Sobolev compact embedding which states

W

2
,
2

⁢

(

ℝ
4

)

{W^{2,2}(\mathbb{R}^{4})}

is compactly embedded into

L
p

⁢

(

ℝ
4

,

|
x
|

-
β

⁢
d
⁢
x

)

{L^{p}(\mathbb{R}^{4},|x|^{-\beta}\,dx)}

for

p
≥
2

{p\geq 2}

and

0
<
β
<
4

{0<\beta<4}

. As applications, we establish the existence of ground state solutions to the following bi-Laplacian equation with critical nonlinearity:

Δ
2

⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

=

f
⁢

(
x
,
u
)

|
x
|

β

in
⁢

ℝ
4

,

\displaystyle\Delta^{2}u+V(x)u=\frac{f(x,u)}{|x|^{\beta}}\quad\mbox{in }% \mathbb{R}^{4},

where

V
⁢

(
x
)

{V(x)}

has a positive lower bound and

f
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

{f(x,t)}

behaves like

exp
⁡

(

α
⁢

|
t
|

2

)

{\exp(\alpha|t|^{2})}

as

t
→

+
∞

{t\to+\infty}

. In the case

β
=
0

{\beta=0}

, because of the loss of Sobolev compact embedding, we use the principle of symmetric criticality to obtain the existence of ground state solutions by assuming

f
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

{f(x,t)}

and

V
⁢

(
x
)

{V(x)}

are radial with respect to x and

f
⁢

(
x
,
t
)

=

o
⁢

(
t
)

{f(x,t)=o(t)}

as

t
→
0

{t\rightarrow 0}

.
On dynamic network security: A random decentering algorithm on graphs
Authors: Trobajo M.T. , Cifuentes-Rodríguez J. , Carriegos M.V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRandom Decentering Algorithm (RDA) on a undirected unweighted graph is defined and tested over several concrete scale-free networks. RDA introduces ancillary nodes to the given network following basic principles of minimal cost, density preservation, centrality reduction and randomness. First simulations over scale-free networks show that RDA gives a significant decreasing of both betweenness centrality and closeness centrality and hence topological protection of network is improved. On the other hand, the procedure is performed without significant change of the density of connections of the given network. Thus ancillae are not distinguible from real nodes (in a straightforward way) and hence network is obfuscated to potential adversaries by our manipulation.
Giving for Girls: Reconsidering Colonial Civilizing Missions in the Dutch East Indies through Charitable Girls’ Education
Authors: Kamphuis Kirsten 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article compares two Protestant schools for elite indigenous girls in the Dutch East Indies. While both schools were financially supported by the colonial government, they emerged from Christian organizations and were partly dependent on voluntary gifts from the Netherlands and the colony. The article proposes to look at such philanthropic initiatives as integral parts of a larger colonial civilizing mission which was not limited to the colonial state. On the contrary, discourses about the implementation of “civilized” gender roles within indigenous families through girls’ education first emerged among philanthropists, and eventually influenced state-driven educational policies for girls. It is argued that philanthropical initiatives for girls’ education such as the two schools presented here are best understood as attempts to gain control over, and ultimately reform, the domestic lives of the indigenous population in the Dutch East Indies
The Efficacy of the Lactate Threshold: A Sex-Based Comparison
Authors: Hoffmann Samantha M. , Skinner Tina L. , van Rosendal Simon P. , Osborne Mark A. , Emmerton Lynne M. , Jenkins David G. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hoffmann, SM, Skinner, TL, van Rosendal, SP, Osborne, MA, Emmerton, LM, and Jenkins, DG. The efficacy of the lactate threshold: A sex-based comparison. J Strength Cond Res 34(11): 3190–3198, 2020—The second lactate threshold (LT2) has previously been associated with endurance performance; however, comparisons between sexes are lacking regarding its efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare LT2 between men and women, specifically regarding its (a) relationship with endurance performance and (b) capacity to establish training and competition intensities. Competitive male (mean ± SD: age, 27.7 ± 4.7 years; V̇o
2max, 59.7 ± 5.2 ml·kg·min−1; n = 10) and female (mean ± SD: age, 27.3 ± 6.2 years; V̇o
2max, 54.5 ± 5.3 ml·kg−1·min−1; n = 12) cyclists and triathletes completed an incremental cycle trial to volitional fatigue (for determination of V̇o
2max and LT2 via the modified D-max method), a constant load (±5%) exercise trial of 30 minutes at LT2 power output, and a 40-km cycle time trial. The LT2 significantly correlated with 40-km cycling performance in both men (r = −0.69 to −0.77; p < 0.01–0.05) and women (r = −0.63 to −0.75; p < 0.01–0.05). All men sustained LT2 power output for 30 minutes, compared with 82% of women. Despite LT2 reflecting a similar heart rate, V̇o
2, and [La−] to those elicited during a 40-km time trial in both men and women, power output at LT2 was 6% higher (p < 0.05) than mean time trial power output in women, with no significant difference in men. Based on these findings, sex-specific recommendations have been suggested in regard to the use of LT2 for establishing performance potential, prescribing endurance training intensities and setting 40-km performance intensity.
Running Demands and Activity Profile of the New Four-Quarter Match Format in Men's Field Hockey
Authors: Ihsan Mohammed , Yeo Vincent , Tan Frankie , Joseph Ranald , Lee Marcus , Aziz Abdul Rashid 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Ihsan, M, Yeo, V, Tan, F, Joseph, R, Lee, M, and Aziz, AR. Running demands and activity profile of the new four-quarter match format in men's field hockey. J Strength Cond Res 35(2): 512–518, 2021—This study determined the running demands of men's field hockey with regards to the revised four-quarter match format. Twenty-eight male field hockey players were equipped with global positioning system units while competing in 14 competitive international games over a 1-year period. All matches allowed for unlimited substitutions, and consisted of four 15-minute quarters (i.e., Q1—Q4). A progressive decline in total distance (TD) was observed in Q2 (2,072 ± 141 m) to Q4 (2,055 ± 212 m) compared with Q1 (2,171 ± 195 m, p < 0.05). However, the decline in TD was due to decreases in low-intensity activity (<15 km·h−1, p < 0.05), as high-intensity running (HIR; >15 km·h−1) distances were similar throughout Q1—Q4 (p = 0.263). Positional data demonstrated a similar profile, where significant decreases in TD, but not in HIR, was observed across all playing positions at some point over the 4 quarters (p < 0.05). DEF accumulated the lowest amount of TD (7,631 ± 753 m), HIR (2,257 ± 498 m), and high-intensity decelerations (60 ± 9, >−2m·s−2) compared with MID and FWD (p < 0.05). By contrast, FWD performed the highest amount of HIR (3,090 ± 565 m) and high-intensity accelerations (110 ± 9, >2 m·s−2) compared with MID and DEF (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our results showed that although there was a progressive decline in TD over the 4 quarters of match play, high-intensity running performance (i.e., HIR and high-intensity acceleration) was maintained throughout the match regardless of playing position.