bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Disparities of Cancer and Its Projected Burden in 2050
Authors: Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie , Ahmed Kedir Y. , Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Dadi Abel F. , Belachew Sewunet Admasu , Bagade Tanmay , Tegegne Teketo Kassaw , Venchiarutti Rebecca L. , Kibret Kelemu Tilahun , Hailegebireal Aklilu Habte , Assefa Yibeltal , Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Abajobir Amanuel , Alene Kefyalew Addis , Mengesha Zelalem , Erku Daniel , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Minas Tsion Zewdu , Misgan Eyaya , Ross Allen G. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceCancer prevention and care efforts have been challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic and armed conflicts, resulting in a decline in the global Human Development Index (HDI), particularly in low- and middle-income countries. These challenges and subsequent shifts in health care priorities underscore the need to continuously monitor cancer outcome disparities and statistics globally to ensure delivery of equitable and optimal cancer prevention and care in uncertain times.ObjectiveTo measure the global burden of 36 cancers in 2022 by sex, age, and geographic location and to project future trends by 2050.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used population-based data from 2022 in 185 countries and territories were obtained from the Global Cancer Observatory database. Data extraction and analysis were carried out in April 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresCounts, rates, prevalence, mortality to incidence ratios (MIRs), and demography-based projections were used to characterize current and future cancer burden.ResultsThis population-based study included 36 cancer types from 185 countries and territories. By 2050, 35.3 million cancer cases worldwide are expected, a 76.6% increase from the 2022 estimate of 20 million. Similarly, 18.5 million cancer deaths are projected by 2050, an 89.7% increase from the 2022 estimate of 9.7 million. Cancer cases and deaths are projected to nearly triple in low-HDI countries by 2050, compared to a moderate increase in very high–HDI countries (142.1% vs 41.7% for cancer cases and 146.1% vs 56.8% for cancer deaths). Males had a higher incidence and greater number of deaths in 2022 than females, with this disparity projected to widen by up to 16.0% in 2050. In 2022, the MIR for all cancers was 46.6%, with higher MIRs observed for pancreatic cancer (89.4%), among males (51.7%), among those aged 75 years or older (64.3%), in low-HDI countries (69.9%), and in the African region (67.2%).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study based on data from 2022, cancer disparities were evident across HDI, geographic regions, age, and sex, with further widening projected by 2050. These findings suggest that strengthening access to and quality of health care, including universal health insurance coverage, is key to providing evidence-based cancer prevention, diagnostics, and care.
Interface‐Induced Anomalous Behavior of Magnetism in FexGeTe2/Pt Bilayer
Authors: Zhang Qiqi , Xu Hongjun , Xu Zhongchen , He Congli , Li Xinlu , Lan Guibin , Zhang Jia , Shi Youguo , Zhang Qinghua , Yang Chao‐Yao , Chen Jing , Gao Yawei , Hu Chaoqun , Li Jiahui , Zhao Yunchi , Huo Yuping , Ge Jian , Zhang Yu , Chang Hao‐Kai , Huang Chi‐Yen , Shen Shipeng , Zhang Yuelin , Wei Hongxiang , Yu Guoqiang , Wang Shouguo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInterface engineering is a promising strategy for controlling the Curie temperature (Tc) and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in magnetic 2D van der Waals (2D vdWs)‐based heterostructures. However, establishing high‐quality interface structures in magnetic 2D vdWs/metal stacks, crucial for maximizing interface effects, remains a significant challenge. Here, a Fe5‐xGeTe2/Pt (F5GT/Pt) prototype with a superior interface quality is achieved using a low‐power physical vapor deposition technique. The magnetic properties of the F5GT/Pt heterostructures are strongly influenced by employing the specific physical deposition method. Stable ferromagnetism at 400 K is observed when depositing Pt atoms with relatively high energy, despite the Tc of pristine F5GT being below 300 K. This unexpected high‐temperature ferromagnetism is attributed to the formation of a ferromagnetic alloy at the interface, commonly present in vdWs‐based stacks fabricated through physical deposition but often overlooked. The deposit of Pt atoms with ultralow energy leads to the formation of a unique Fe5‐xGeTe2/Fe3‐xGeTe2 heterojunction at the interface, significantly enhancing the PMA. This work emphasizes the importance of interface structures in vdWs‐based devices, suggesting that controlling the growth process offers an effective approach to construct and engineer vdWs heterostructures, thus improving the performance and introducing new functionalities to spintronic devices.
Proton‐Modulated Resistive Switching in a Synapse‐Like Tyrosine‐Rich Peptide‐Based Memristor
Authors: Yoon Jeong Hyun , Song Min‐Kyu , Ham Wooho , Park Kyung Jun , Park Jeong‐Min , Namgung Seok Daniel , Kwon Jang‐Yeon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence has become an essential part of the daily lives and has revolutionized various sectors, including healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment. With a substantial increase in processed data, neuromorphic devices that replicate the operation of the human brain have been emphasized owing to their superior efficiency. Typical neuromorphic devices focus on constructing synapse‐like structures. However, biological synapses have more complex mechanisms for efficient data processing. One of the most prominent mechanisms is proton activation, which forms an ion concentration gradient prior to the transmission of neurotransmitters and plays a key role in efficient computation. In this study, proton‐mediated signaling at biological synapses is successfully replicated by fabricating a proton‐modulated memristor device using a tyrosine‐rich peptide film. The ionic input of the memristor is controlled by applying a voltage to proton‐permeable PdHx contacts in a hydrogen atmosphere, thus successfully adjusting the resistive switching behavior. Remarkable improvements in resistive switching and computing performance are observed through proton injection, analogous to “proton‐mediated signaling” at the actual synapse. It is believed that this study proposes a new paradigm for designing biorealistic devices and provides inspiration for precisely controllable ion‐based neuromorphic devices.
Bio‐Realistic Synaptic‐Replicated “V” Type Oxygen Vacancy Memristor
Authors: Zou Lanqing , Peng Zhuiri , Sun Huajun , Yi Yunhui , Zhu Chuqian , Xu Jiyang , Zhang Junming , Hu Xuebin , Dang Yiping , Ye Lei , Miao Xiangshui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of an artificial synaptic device is essential for the construction of a brain‐like neuromorphic computing architecture. In this study, the goal is to create a multi‐layer HfOx memristor with a “V” type oxygen vacancy (Vo) distribution to mimic the function of calcium ions (Ca2+) during synaptic information transmission. By adjusting voltage and compliance current (Icc), the HfOx memristor can open or close different levels of volt‐controlled Ca2+ channels, thus enabling the replication of synaptic structure, neurotransmitter release/acceptor, and information transmission. A mathematical model is adopted to describe the behavior of volt‐controlled Ca2+ channels, which demonstrates that the device exhibits consistent characteristics with biological synapses. The device forms an “hourglass” conductive filament (CF) within its middle functional layer, allowing for precise control over filament formation and positioning. This results in ultra‐low power consumption for erasing (581 fJ), fast erasing speed (10 ns), and a low resistance difference coefficient of only 1.8%. Furthermore, the device successfully simulates the physical dynamics of Ca2+ during short‐term potentiation (STP) and long‐term potentiation (LTP) in biological synapses while replicating various guided synaptic behaviors. This study provides a straightforward method for memristors to realize bio‐realistic artificial neuromorphic applications.
Bagworm Silk‐Mimetic Protein Fibers with Extraordinary Stiffness via In Vivo Polymerization and Hierarchical Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhang Peng , Jia Bo , Wang Mengyao , Qin Dawen , Cheng Wenhao , Wei Zheng , Wan Sikang , Wang Fan , Li Jingjing , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBagworm silk proteins, which contain crystalline structures with large β‐nanocrystal sizes, are ideal candidates for biosynthetic high‐performance fibers. However, the extremely high glycine content and greater molecular weight limit their heterologous expression efficiency and further application exploration. Here, a multi‐module assembly strategy is developed to engineer novel chimeric structural proteins by incorporating the mechanical functional domains of bagworm silk proteins with the C‐terminal self‐assembly domains of spider silk proteins. By selecting a single repetitive unit of the functional region of bagworm silk proteins, the challenge of low heterologous expression efficiency is successfully addressed. Furthermore, the content and ordering of β‐sheet structure are enhanced in the chimeric proteins through the alignment mediated by the spider silk C‐terminal domain and ligation facilitated by split inteins, resulting in a remarkable Young's modulus of ≈15 GPa. This surpasses many artificial protein fibers, synthetic polymer fibers, and even natural spider silk. Notably, these protein fibers are drawn into surgical sutures and demonstrate superior wound healing effects compared to clinical suture in a skin wound model. This research presents a novel strategy for developing high‐performance protein fibers, which will expand the scope of their mechanically demanding applications.
Intradermal Delivery of Cell Vaccine via Ice Microneedles for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Yang Chunli , Zhao Wei , Zhang Li , He Liming , Wang Siyi , Wang Jie , Xiang Maya , Yuan Xin , Gou Maling 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe living tumor cell vaccine (TCV) holds a promise for cancer immunotherapy. Microneedle arrays provide a tool to improve the immune response of vaccines by the intradermal administration in a painless manner. However, it remains challenges for microneedle arrays to deliver the living TCV intradermally. Here, an ice microneedle array delivered living TCVs is shown with sustained granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) secretion for cancer treatment. The ice microneedle array is composed of ice microneedles and a matching polymer holder, which are customized fabricated by a static optical projection lithography (SOPL) technique. The living TCV consisted of irradiated melanoma cells transfected with nanoparticle‐mediated GM‐CSF plasmids. After the living TCV is readily loaded into the ice microneedle via a cryopreservation process, it could be efficiently delivered into the dermis by the microneedle device. Compared to the subcutaneous injection, intradermal administration led to the recruitment of more dendritic cells at the vaccination site and the increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumor. The ice microneedle array deliveres intradermal TCVs significantly inhibited melanoma growth and effectively prevented melanoma recurrence without obvious side effects. This work demonstrates a promising TCVs for melanoma treatment, which will inspire the future of cancer immunotherapy.
Disrupting J‐Aggregation in Triazatruxene Dimers to Develop Responsive Luminescent Inks for Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Martín Raúl , Echeverri Marcelo , González Francisco , de Andrés Alicia , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Concellón Alberto , Serrano José Luis , Gómez‐Lor Berta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe fight against counterfeiting is a crucial concern for economies around the world, underscoring the urgent need for effective measures to ensure the legitimacy of products and documents. Luminescent security inks have emerged as effective tools in this battle. The third generation of these inks, incorporating stimuli‐responsive organic materials, enables unique efficiency. In this work, the stimuli‐responsive behavior of three trialkylated triazatruxene dimers (TRI1, TRI2, and TRI3), endowed with N‐alkyl chains of different length is investigated. Among them, TRI3, with three flexible dodecyl chains, shows remarkable stimuli‐responsive fluorescence that is attributed to thermally or shear‐induced phase transitions between a tetragonal columnar phase and a discotic‐nematic liquid crystal phase. Such transformation involves the breakdown of highly emissive J‐aggregates with a strong influence on the resulting emissive color. Interestingly, these stimuli‐triggered transformations are spontaneously reversed, which renders this compound very interesting in the search of third‐generation security inks.
Highly Resistive Biomembranes Coupled to Organic Transistors enable Ion‐Channel Mediated Neuromorphic Synapses
Authors: Maraj Joshua J. , Schafer Emily A. , Mansour Michelle M. , Hussein Essraa A. , Berryman Joseph , Klavon Elizabeth , Rivnay Jonathan , Sarles Stephen A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) functionalized with lipid membranes could enable new hybrid synapses for sensing and neuromorphic computing in biological media. However, prior attempts to pair these components resulted in low quality membranes formed on the OECT surface. We present a new method for forming a highly‐resistive phospholipid bilayer coupled to a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) OECT that avoids the disruptive effects of the rough polymer surface. Transistor coupled droplet bilayers (TCDBs) formed from diphytanoyl phosphatidylcholine lipids exhibit an average specific resistance that is 1000X higher than values reported for solid‐supported lipid membranes assembled on PEDOT:PSS. High membrane resistance and the addition of voltage‐activated ionophores enable us to demonstrate that selective ion transport and spontaneous membrane resealing in response to dynamic gate voltage imparts selective programming and memory‐storage capability to an OECT without chemical modification of the PEDOT:PSS. These capabilities enable paired‐pulse facilitation and depression with writing speeds and memory retentions that are both >10X higher than previously reported with membrane‐coated OECTs. The high resistance of the TCDB establishes a basis for hybrid biomolecular synapses that can integrate stimuli‐responsive membranes and organic electronics for future applications in sensing, signal processing, and neuromorphic computing at the edge of biology.
The effectiveness of misinformation corrective strategies and implications for consumers' food preferences and policy attitudes
Authors: Lin Lin , Ortega David L. , Sun Jiayu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of food biotechnology misinformation on consumer demand and attitudes toward bioengineered food and tests the effectiveness of pre‐bunking and debunking mitigation strategies. Using choice experiment data from a sample of 1270 U.S. consumers, we find that exposure to misinformation has a significant effect on consumers' food preferences and policy attitudes. We also find that while pre‐bunking is an effective mitigating strategy, debunking by itself is not sufficient. Our findings suggest that preemptively warning consumers about misinformation and the tactics used to spread it is more effective than merely correcting the misinformation afterward.
Socioeconomic Status and Age at Menarche in Türkiye
Authors: Ersoy Betül , Hanedan Nurcan , Özyurt Beyhan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe trend in declining age at menarche (AAM) largely continues while body size increases globally. The aim was to investigate trends in AAM, menstrual characteristics, and post‐menarcheal anthropometric parameters in adolescents living in an urban area in Türkiye between 1999 and 2018.MethodsFemale adolescent high school students in the Manisa region were asked about menarche and socioeconomic status (SES). There were 1017 girls in the first study (1999–2001) and 1304 (2016–2018) in the second study. Height and weight were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Adolescent girls were grouped into three socioeconomic status (SES) groups based on parental education and occupation, and all parameters were evaluated using SES.ResultsThe mean ± standard deviation for AAM in the first period was 12.82 ± 1.07 years and 12.83 ± 0.9 years in the second. AAM did not differ between the two periods nor between SES groups in either period. Post‐menarcheal height, weight, and BMI increased in the second period compared to the first study and across all SES groups (p < 0.05). The whole group AAM was similar in both periods, only 3 months earlier in the second period than in the first period. However, the AAM in girls with a post‐menarcheal BMI indicating being overweight or obese was significantly earlier than that of those with a normal post‐menarcheal BMI in both periods (p < 0.05).ConclusionsDespite changing sociodemographic characteristics and an increasing trend in height, weight, and BMI in all socioeconomic groups, no change was observed in mean AAM in an urban region of Western Türkiye over 18 years. While the inverse relationship between BMI and postmenarcheal BMI continued in both periods, the decline in AAM became more pronounced over the years in the presence of high postmenarcheal BMI.
Delayed Diagnosis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Two Chinese Families due to Novel SMN1 Deletions
Authors: Dong Yan , Zhang Shuyue , Wang Hong , Jia Xiaodong , Yu Changshun , Li Weiran , Ma Ximeng , Yu Xiaoli , Li Dong , Shu Jianbo , Cai Chunquan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAutosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a leading cause of infant and child mortality, with homozygous deletion in exon 7 of the SMN1 gene being a major genetic cause. However, routine genetic testing methods may overlook structural variants outside of exon 7, potentially leading to misdiagnosis of SMA patients. Here, we reported two Chinese SMA patients who primarily exhibited developmental delays. Physical examinations revealed markedly reduced muscle strength and tone in their extremities, and electromyography suggested extensive neurogenic damage in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The MLPA results indicated a single copy number of SMN1 in both patients, which is inconsistent with the typical genetic pattern of SMA. Through RNA sequencing and ultra‐long read sequencing, we ultimately identified a rare structural variant involving the deletion of exons 2a–5 in both unrelated patients. This confirmed the presence of compound heterozygous variants in the SMN1 gene as the actual genetic cause. To our knowledge, this is the first case where a combination of RNA sequencing and ultra‐long read sequencing has been used to diagnose SMA. We demonstrated the significant value of RNA sequencing in cases where children are highly suspected of having SMA but present negative results in routine genetic testing. This underscores the crucial role of accurate genetic testing methods in achieving early diagnosis of SMA.
Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework with Dense Lithiophilic Sites as Protective Layer to Enable High‐Performance Lithium Metal Battery
Authors: Zheng Shuang , Fu Yubin , Bi Shuai , Yang Xiubei , Xu Xiaoyu , Li Xuewen , Xu Qing , Zeng Gaofeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium (Li) metal batteries with remarkable energy densities are restrained by short lifetime and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), resulting from the accumulative Li dendrites and dead Li during cycling. Here, we prepared a new three‐dimensional (3D) covalent organic framework (COF) with dense lithiophilic sites (heteoatom weight contents of 32.32 wt %) as an anodic protective layer of Li metal batteries. The 3D COF was synthesized using a [6+4] synthesis strategy by inducing flexible 6‐connected cyclotriphosphazene derivative aldehyde and 4‐connected porphyrin‐based tetraphenylamines. Both phosphazene and porphyrin rings in the COF served as electron‐rich and lithiophilic sites, enhancing a homogeneous Li+ flux via 3D direction towards highly smooth and compact Li deposition. The Li/Por‐PN‐COF‐Cu cells achieved a record average CE of 99.1 % for 320 cycles with smooth Li deposition. Meanwhile, the abundant lithiophilic sites can promote fast Li+ transport with Li+ transference number of 0.87, enabling LiFePO4 full cell with stable stripping/plating processes even at a harsh rate of 5 C. Theoretical calculations revealed that the strong interaction force between Li+ and the COF facilitated the dissolution of Li+ from the electrolyte, and the low migration barrier of 1.08 eV indicated a favorable interaction between the Li+ ions and the π‐electron system.
MAGPIX Assay for Influenza A Using Single Domain Antibodies
Authors: Goldman Ellen R. , Sugiharto Victor A. , Shriver‐Lake Lisa C. , Garcia Andrew M. , Wu Shuenn‐Jue , Jenkins Sarah A. , Chen Hua‐Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSingle domain antibodies (sdAbs) provide versatile binding reagents that offer advantages over conventional antibodies for use in immunoassays. SdAbs consist of the ~15 kDa variable heavy domain from the heavy chain‐only antibodies found in camelids and can be engineered for integration in a variety of immunoassay formats. The Luminex MAGPIX instrument is a high‐throughput platform that uses color‐coded MagPlex beads to enable multiplexed immunoassays and is relatively fast and simple. We developed a MagPlex bead‐based assay for the detection of influenza A virus (IAV), using sdAbs against IAV nucleoprotein (NP). To provide sensitive detection, the sdAbs were formatted into bivalent constructs; and the capture reagent was tailored to provide oriented immobilization on the bead. Using the best capture and reporter pair, we achieved detection of recombinant NP down to 1 ng/mL. Finally, we demonstrated that the developed immunoassay showed promise in detecting IAV in clinical samples.
Teaching teen titans: An anatomy curriculum using superheroes for middle‐ and high school students in health professions outreach programs
Authors: Asri Rijul , Baquerizo Humberto , Padilla‐Register Mercedes , Soto‐Greene Maria , Grachan Jeremy J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHealth professions outreach programs are important avenues to increase interest in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). One aspect of many of these programs is anatomy, which can be challenging to teach due to its scope. Creative teaching methods, such as the incorporation of examples from pop culture, can help students better access complex scientific concepts. This study aimed to assess the utility of a superhero‐based anatomy curriculum as part of summer outreach programs at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (NJMS). Students completed pre‐ and post‐session surveys about their interest in the fields of STEM, their background knowledge of superheroes, and their thoughts on the effectiveness of using superheroes to learn anatomy. Prior to participating in the curriculum, most students were interested or very interested in the fields of STEM (72.4%). After the curriculum, most students (79.3%) reported that their interest expanded. Almost all students reported that the use of superheroes was beneficial to their learning experience (91.4%) and was preferred over traditional teaching methods (87.9%), despite not necessarily having existing background knowledge or interests in superheroes. Finally, some students felt that seeing the diverse identities of different superhero characters improved their ability to relate to the material. In conclusion, students felt that a superhero‐based anatomy curriculum improved their interest in the fields of STEM and their learning experience. This suggests that creative teaching methods can effectively augment the existing mission of health professions outreach programs for a diverse group of students.