bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
You are not allowed to tell: organisational culture as a barrier for child protection workers seeking assistance for traumatic stress symptomology
Authors: Oates Fiona 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChild protection work is one of the most difficult and complex areas of human services practice. Working within a trauma-laden environment often means that practitioner susceptibility to trauma-related mental health issues is an occupational hazard. However, many practitioners are reluctant to seek support when they start to experience symptoms of traumatic stress. This paper considers current literature relating to child protection workers’ exposure to work-related traumatic material, resulting traumatic stress symptomology and organisational responses to practitioner distress. Results from a recent doctoral study that explores the experiences of child protection practitioners based in Queensland will be presented. Findings from the study were derived from qualitative in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The study findings indicate that the organisational culture within statutory child protection agencies creates an environment where practitioners are labelled as incompetent or not suitable for child protection work when they disclose experiencing symptoms of traumatic stress. The experience of bullying and retribution by supervisors and colleagues and the fear of rejection by the workgroup were also found to be significant barriers for workers seeking support.
Growth and Plasma Leptin in Yearling Mares Fed a High-Fat Supplemented Diet
Authors: Buff PR , Morrison CD , Reynolds JA , Keisler DH 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOur objective was to determine if feeding a high-fat supplement versus a control supplement to growing yearling mares would affect growth an/r body composition parameters as assessed via body weight (BW), body condition scores (BCS) and concentrations of plasma hormones. Eight yearling mares were paired by initial BW (348±19kg) and maintained on pasture and supplemented with either a high-fat supplement (16% fat) or a control supplement (3% fat) at 0.8% of their BW in two daily meals for 8 weeks. Both BW and BCS increased for all mares throughout the study (each P<0.0001); however, no difference in BW or BCS could be attributed to treatment effects. Nonetheless, plasma concentrations of leptin were greater in mares fed the high-fat supplement (P = 0.0001) compared with the control supplement. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone tended to be greater in high-fat-fed mares (P = 0.06). Plasma concentrations of insulin did not differ between treatment groups (P = 0.96). Although no gross difference in BW or BCS was discernable among mares fed the control versus high-fat supplement, these data provide evidence that increasing fat content in the diet may alter leptin levels independent of changes in body composition.
A field study on hoof deceleration at impact in Standardbred trotters at various speeds
Authors: Gustås Pia , Johnston Christopher , Hedenström Ulf , Roepstorff Lars , Drevemo Stig 
Published: May 2019

AbstractImpact-related peak decelerations with high loading rates are described as indicators of mechanical stress to the limb. The hoof deceleration pattern in the beginning of the stance phase has recently been described, together with ground reaction force measurements at slow speed; however, no information is available at high speeds. The objective of the present study was to investigate the hoof deceleration pattern following impact at slow speeds, comparable to earlier force plate studies, and at high speeds on a racetrack. Eight Standardbreds equipped with triaxial accelerometers mounted on fore- and hind hooves were driven from a jogcart on a harness-training racetrack with a stone dust surface at the mean speeds of 4.7, 5.7, 10.1 and 12.7ms−1. The accelerometer signals were sampled at 10kHz during 10s of constant speed along one straight of the racetrack. The signal was studied for each speed by the analysis of representative peak decelerations. At slow trot, the deceleration pattern was similar to what was found in earlier studies over the force plate. The peak values of both the vertical and horizontal decelerations increased significantly with a higher speed (P≤0.01). It was shown that a higher speed results in changes of the hoof deceleration pattern with higher peak decelerations. The maximum horizontal deceleration, together with the second vertical peak deceleration, were suggested to be major indicators on the mechanical stress subjected to the limb.
Establishment of Salsola tragus on aeolian sands: A Southern Colorado Plateau case study
Authors: Thomas Kathryn A. , Redsteer Margaret Hiza 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRussian-thistle (Salsola tragus L.), is a nonnative, C4 photosynthesizing, annual plant that infests disturbed and natural areas in the arid U.S. Southwest. Land managers of natural areas may need to decide whether a S. tragus infestation is potentially harmful and whether it should be actively managed. One factor informing that decision is an understanding of the conditions under which this weed emerges and establishes and how those processes affect where and when infestations occur. We studied S. tragus establishment on aeolian (windblown) sandy soils at Petrified Forest National Park, AZ. Our sites were a previously disturbed sand sheet and a semistabilized sand dune. Measurements in plots on these sites over two growing seasons revealed a similar number of S. tragus seedlings emerging on both sites early in the 2015 growing season. As the season progressed, S. tragus cover (seedling survival and growth) was lower on the sand dune, except for a plot placed entirely on a coppice mound. In 2016, S. tragus seedling emergence and development of cover, measured on plots at both sites, was exceptionally low, as was summer rainfall. A growth chamber assay of seedling emergence from soil and litter samples collected at each site showed emergence was greatest from samples collected where S. tragus litter remained on the soil surface, and otherwise was infrequent. Our study suggests that S. tragus emergence and early establishment are sensitive to low precipitation and that soil-surface microtopography and grass and shrub cover may be determinants of the spatial pattern of infestation on sandy soils. As aeolian sands occur throughout drylands of the U.S. Southwest, deeper understanding of the conditions under which S. tragus seedlings emerge and establish can inform management of this invasive annual in those habitats.
Amplification of random wave run-up on the front face of a box driven by tertiary wave interactions
Authors: Zhao W. , Taylor P. H. , Wolgamot H. A. , Eatock Taylor R. 
Published: May 2019

Wave run-up phenomena driven by nonlinear wave interactions with a fixed rectangular box are investigated. Experiments are carried out in different types of uni-directional waves with normal incidence. Significant wave run-ups featuring tertiary interaction effects, similar to those reported by Molin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 528, 2005, pp. 323–354) for a fixed vertical plate, are observed in regular wave tests. Transient wave group tests are conducted for comparison, to facilitate the analysis of the tertiary interactions in irregular waves. The most striking observation is that the wave surface elevations at the centre of the front face of the fixed box can reach $4\times$ the incident waves even in irregular waves, much larger than the ${\sim}2\times$ predicted from linear theory and observed for the transient groups. The extra amplification builds up slowly and is localized on the weather side of the box. It is believed to result from tertiary interactions between the incident and reflected wave fields upstream, which induce a local lensing effect and thus wave focusing on the weather side. These interactions, though a nonlinear process, occur at the first harmonic quantities rather than high harmonics. Supporting evidence is extracted from random wave runs using NewWave analysis, where surface amplifications and phase lag – both key characteristics of tertiary wave interactions – are identified. The identification of these tertiary interactions in irregular waves is new, and may be of practical importance.
ICJ—prohibition against the use of force—self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter—duty of vigilance—IHR and IHL under belligerent occupation
Authors: Bodansky Daniel , Gathii James Thuo 
Published: May 2019

Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda). At <http://www.icj-cij.org>.International Court of Justice, December 19, 2005.In its December 19, 2005, judgment in Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo v. Uganda (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda), the International Court of Justice (ICJ) found Uganda to have engaged in grave violations of the prohibition on the use of force and of its international humanitarian and human rights obligations during its occupation of Congelese territory. The Court also found that the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) had violated the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations for its treatment of Ugandan diplomats and also for the destruction of their diplomatic premises and the associated archives and records.The train of events leading to this case originated in May 1997 with President Laurent-Desire Kabila's deposition of Zairean dictator Mobutu-Ssese Seko. Having come to power with Ugandan and Rwandese military assistance, Kabila was unsuccessful in his effort to remove Ugandan and Rwandese troops from the DRC (paras. 48–50). The DRC alleged that in August 1998, Ugandan armed forces invaded (para. 29) and then captured and occupied Congolese towns and territory in defiance of Kabila's decision that Ugandan and Rwandese forces should leave the DRC (para. 29–31). Further, the DRC contended that Uganda recruited, funded, trained, equipped, and supplied armed Congolese groups opposed to the Kabila government (para. 32).
Kinematic sequence stratigraphy of the European Cenozoic Rift System and Alpine Foreland Basin: correlation with Mediterranean and Atlantic plate-boundary events
Authors: Sissingh W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA review of the sequence stratigraphic development of the Tertiary basins of the North and West Alpine Foreland domains shows that their structural and depositional history was episodically affected by brief tectonic phases. These were associated with intermittent deformation events induced by the collisional convergence and compressional coupling of the Apulian and Iberian microplates with the European Plate. The plate kinematics-related episodicity was essentially isochronously recorded in the basin fills of the Alpine Foreland region. These are generally correlative with changes in eustatic sea level. The ensuing correlative successions of so-called Cenozoic Rift and Foredeep (CRF) sequences and phases can be traced throughout the European Cenozoic Rift System and Alpine Foreland Basin. Their temporal correlation indicates that, apparently, the changes in the plate collision-related stress regime of the Alpine Foreland were repeatedly accompanied by coeval changes in eustatic sea level. To test and substantiate the validity of this inferred causal relationship between intraplate deposition, plate kinematics and eustacy, the tectono-sedimentary evolution of the basins of the Mediterranean plate-boundary zone has been analysed in conjunction with a review of the plate-boundary events in the North Atlantic. Within the uncertainty range of available datings, synchroneity could thus be demonstrated for the punctuated tectonostratigraphic development of basins of the western Mediterranean (comprising the Liguro-Provençal Basin, Valencia Trough, Sardinia Rift and Tyrrhenian Basin), the Apenninic-Calabrian Arc, the Betic domain (including the Alboran Basin) and the North and West Alpine Foreland regions. Similar temporal correlations of plate tectonicsrelated events near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the North Atlantic and tectonostratigraphic sequences and phases of the Alpino-Pyrenean Foreland basins are further evidence of a common causal mechanism. The driving mechanisms appear to have been the northward drift of Africa and the resulting mechanical coupling of Apulia and Iberia with the southern passive margin of Europe, as well as the stepwise opening of the North Atlantic and accompanying episodic plate re-organisations of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Association between prenatal maternal infection and disordered eating behaviours in adolescence: a UK population-based prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Solmi Francesca , De Stavola Bianca L. , Khandaker Golam M. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Dalman Christina , Lewis Glyn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrenatal infections have been proposed as a putative risk factor for a number of psychiatric outcomes across a continuum of severity. Evidence on eating disorders is scarce. We investigated whether exposure to prenatal maternal infections is associated with an increased risk of disordered eating and weight and shape concerns in adolescence in a large UK birth cohort.MethodsWe used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The primary exposure was maternal experience of infections at any time in pregnancy. Study outcomes were presence of any, monthly or weekly disordered eating at 14 and 16 years of age, and weight and shape concerns at 14 years. We defined the causal effect of the exposure on these outcomes using a counterfactual framework adjusting our analyses for a number of hypothesised confounders, and imputing missing confounder data using multiple imputation.ResultsIn total, 4884 children had complete exposure and outcome data at age 14 years, and 4124 at 16 years. Exposed children had a greater risk of reporting weekly disordered eating at both age 14 [risk difference (RD) 0.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.01 to 1.9, p = 0.08] and 16 (RD 2.3%, 95% CI 0.6–3.9, p < 0.01), though evidence of an association was weak at age 14 years. Exposed children also had greater weight and shape concerns at age 14 years (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.26, p < 0.01).ConclusionsExposure to prenatal maternal infection is associated with greater risk of disordered eating in adolescence. This association could be explained by in utero processes leading to impaired neurodevelopment or altered immunological profiles. Residual confounding cannot be excluded.
Characteristics, comorbidities, and correlates of atypical depression: evidence from the UK Biobank Mental Health Survey
Authors: Brailean Anamaria , Curtis Jessica , Davis Katrina , Dregan Alexandru , Hotopf Matthew 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple aetiological pathways and multiple therapeutic targets. This study aims to determine whether atypical depression (AD) characterized by reversed neurovegetative symptoms is associated with a more pernicious course and a different sociodemographic, lifestyle, and comorbidity profile than nonatypical depression (nonAD).MethodsAmong 157 366 adults who completed the UK Biobank Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ), N = 37 434 (24%) met the DSM-5 criteria for probable lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) based on the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form. Participants reporting both hypersomnia and weight gain were classified as AD cases (N = 2305), and the others as nonAD cases (N = 35 129). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine differences between AD and nonAD in depression features, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, lifetime adversities, psychiatric and physical comorbidities.ResultsPersons with AD experienced an earlier age of depression onset, longer, more severe and recurrent episodes, and higher help-seeking rates than nonAD persons. AD was associated with female gender, unhealthy behaviours (smoking, social isolation, low physical activity), more lifetime deprivation and adversity, higher rates of comorbid psychiatric disorders, obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic syndrome. Sensitivity analyses comparing AD persons with those having typical neurovegetative symptoms (hyposomnia and weight loss) revealed similar results.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the clinical and public health significance of AD as a chronic form of depression, associated with high comorbidity and lifetime adversity. Our findings have implications for predicting depression course and comorbidities, guiding research on aetiological mechanisms, planning service use and informing therapeutic approaches.
Job strain in working retirees in Europe: a latent class analysis
Authors: Dingemans Ellen , Henkens Kène 
Published: May 2019

AbstractScientific research has made great progress towards a better understanding of the determinants and consequences of working after retirement. However, working conditions in post-retirement jobs remain largely unexplored. Therefore, using information on working conditions such as job demands, job control and work hours, we investigate whether working retirees can be categorised by the quality of their jobs. Using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we perform latent class analysis on a sample of 2,926 working retirees in 11 European countries. The results point to the existence of two sub-groups of working retirees. The first is confronted with high-strain jobs, while the second sub-group participates in low-strain jobs. Subsequent (multi-level) logit analysis undertaken to describe the two classes further suggests that classification in either group is predicted by the socio-economic status of working retirees and by the context of poverty in old age in the countries in question. We conclude that working after retirement in a high-strain job may be conceptually different from working in a low-strain job.
Who does not intend to retire? Mothers' opportunity costs and compensation at later ages in Europe
Authors: Kim Younga , Rizzi Ester 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearch investigating the association between women's work–family trajectories and their retirement intentions is limited. Studies considering how different institutional conditions affect this association are even more limited. To fill this gap, we use the first three waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, 2004–2009, and apply two-level random effects models with country-level fixed effects to a sample of mothers aged 50–64 years. Our dependent variable is the intention to retire as early as possible. We found that the following two different mechanisms are associated with mothers' early retirement intentions: (a) strategies to compensate for opportunity costs and (b) work attachment. When all other factors are equal, mothers with a work career characterised by interruptions and part-time work intend to work longer than other mothers, indicating the need to compensate for lower lifelong earnings at older ages. Some compensatory strategies are also observed among mothers who are classified as ‘never married’, ‘divorced’ or ‘widowed’, who wish to continue their careers. In other cases, evidence supporting work attachment mechanisms is found; for instance, working when the youngest child is younger than six years predicts the intention to delay retirement. These results change according to the welfare regime, underlining the importance of family policies and pension benefits to counterbalance the effect of opportunity costs on mothers' earnings.
Expertise scientifique et intérêts nationaux
Authors: Hauray Boris , Urfalino Philippe 
Published: May 2019

RésuméLa délivrance d’une autorisation de mise sur le marché (AMM) est le dispositif central par lequel les autorités publiques contrôlent la sécurité et l’efficacité des médicaments. Or, du milieu des années 1960 à la création en 1995 d’une Agence européenne des médicaments, les conditions d’exercice de ce contrôle public ont radicalement changé. Alors que l’évaluation des médicaments était conduite au niveau national, elle est aujourd’hui largement européenne. Cet article montre que rendre compte de cette évolution nécessite d’analyser trois phénomènes étroitement liés : l’accroissement de l’interdépendance des entités nationales ; l’émergence d’une expertise scientifique propre à l’évaluation des médicaments et la transformation de son articulation avec la représentation nationale ; l’autonomisation de l’AMM et l’absorption de la décision par l’évaluation scientifique.
Le son et ses sens
Authors: Aubert Eduardo Henrik 
Published: May 2019

RésuméCet article examine le fameuxordodu sacre royal réalisé vers 1250 en France, au temps de Louis IX (Paris, BNF, ms Latin 1246), un document complexe où plusieurs langages (texte, images, chants notés) sont mis en rapport, en se posant la question de savoir quelle est la place du son dans la cérémonie du sacre royal telle qu’elle est présentée dans ce manuscrit. Moyennant une comparaison avec ses sources textuelles directes, on insiste sur le fait que ce document donne un très grand poids à tout ce qui relève du registre sonore dans le sacre qu’il décrit et que cette attention n’est pas arbitraire, mais correspond à l’utilisation du son comme un des principaux véhicules du sens de la cérémonie. Il se dégage de l’analyse que l’on a affaire à un vrai « système sonore », dans la mesure où les références au son constituent un ensemble structuré et cohérent, très articulé à l’organisation du temps de la cérémonie, et au moyen duquel la place de chaque événement dans l’ensemble de la cérémonie pourrait être très concrètement perçue par l’oreille.
La généralisation dans les sciences historiques
Authors: Fabiani Jean-Louis 
Published: May 2019

RésuméLes sciences historiques sont caractérisées par l’irréductible pluralité des modes de construction de leurs objets et de leur capacité de produire des assertions à caractère général. Après avoir rendu compte des critiques durkheimienne et weberienne des formes ordinaires de généralisation, on s’efforce d’analyser la mise en question des paradigmes macrologiques qui a marqué les sciences sociales dans le dernier quart du XXesiècle, et qui a principalement pris la forme d’un retour aux localités. L’autolimitation au niveau micrologique enveloppe néanmoins de redoutables contraintes. On peut démontrer que le niveau de généralité auquel les sociologues se situent dépend avant tout du mode de génération des données. En outre, le développement des sciences historiques dans le contexte universitaire du XXesiècle a rendu plus difficile l’émergence d’assertions très générales ayant pour objet la totalité de l’histoire humaine. Si quelque chose comme un programme épistémologique peut être proposé, c’est autour de l’analyse des modes de construction de nos opérations typifiantes, stylisantes et comparatives qu’il doit porter. La question de la généralisation est indissociable de la mise en visibilité de régularités et de la possibilité de les manipuler à partir de l’établissement de procédures stabilisées de traitement des données. L’histoire intellectuelle et politique de la généralisation dans les sciences sociales renvoie donc pour une bonne part à celle du développement des instruments qui ont permis de constituer des données comme des objets. Le retour réflexif sur la genèse politico-épistémique de cetinstrumentariumest donc une étape indispensable sur le chemin de la réévaluation des potentialités de la généralisation dans nos savoirs, lesquels ne sont jamais entièrement détachables de leur moment de production et des objectifs politiques qu’ils affichent. L’histoire particulière du développement de nos savoirs nous enseigne que l’on n’a rien à perdre à l’instabilité paradigmatique, puisque celle-ci est inséparable de leur régime propre de production.