bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate Content and Oxygen Affinity as a Function of Red Cell Age in Normal Individuals
Authors: HAIDAS STAVROS , LABIE DOMINIQUE , KAPLAN JEAN-CLAUDE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A parallel decline of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and P50 of intracorpuscular hemoglobin is found in red blood cells during their in vivo aging. After 2,3-DPG depletion due to in vitro storage, the capacity to restore, 2,3-DPG in the presence of inosine is significantly impaired in senescent cells as compared with young cells.
Spherocytic Hemolytic Disease During Magnesium Deprivation in the Rat
Authors: OKEN MARTIN M. , LICHTMAN MARSHALL A. , MILLER DENIS R. , LEBLOND PIERRE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Young male rats (115 g) were maintained on diets containing 4-8 mg of magnesium per 100 g of diet for 12 wk. By 3 wk the characteristic features of magnesium deprivation developed, including decreased plasma and tissue magnesium concentration, growth retardation, ruffled fur, patchy dermatitis, irritability, hyperemia of acral parts, onychymegaly, and in the most severely restricted, premature death. By 7 wk of deprivation, evidence of a hemolytic state existed and thereafter reticulocytosis, spherocytosis, shortened 51Cr red cell survival, erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow, and mild anemia were present. Erythrocytes during magnesium deficiency were characterized by decreased intracellular magnesium, glucose utilization, lactate production, ATP and 2,3-DPG concentration. A progressive decrease in red cell deformability as measured by cell elastimetry occurred. The reduction in lactate production and in ATP concentration due to magnesium deficiency may be causal in the development of rigid spherocytes with shortened survival in vivo. In addition, the shape and deformability alteration of the red cell may be due to defective membrane construction in a magnesium-deficient environment.
Attempts at Identification of Hemopoietic Stem Cell in Mouse
Authors: VAN BEKKUM D. W. , VAN NOORD M. J. , MAAT B. , DICKE K. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Stem cell concentrates were prepared from mouse bone marrow by treating the marrow donors with a vinblastinenitrogen mustard regimen and subjecting the marrow suspensions to repeated density separation over albumin gradients. An enrichment of the colony-forming units (CFU) content by a factor of up to 30 as compared to normal mouse bone marrow was obtained, which corresponds to a calculated stem cell content of over 20%. Using an adapted May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining method and electron microscopic techniques, the morphologic characteristics of a candidate stem cell have been defined in these enriched cell populations. These criteria have been applied to count candidate stem cells in preparations varying over a 100-fold range in their CFU content, and a fair correlation between the two entities was found. The candidate stem cell is shown to be quite distinct from the so-called "small lymphocyte."
Hemoglobin Hirose: α2β237(C3) Tryptophan Yielding Serine
Authors: YAMAOKA KOTARO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During an electrophoretic screening survey for hemoglobinopathies in western Japan, a slow-moving variant of hemoglobin A, to be designated hemoglobin Hirose, was found in a family of Japanese origin. Chemical characterization of hemoglobin Hirose revealed that tryptophan at the 37th position of the β-chain was replaced by serine, the third residue of C-helix of the β-chain involving contacts between αl and β2 subunits. Even though the oxygen equilibrium of this hemoglobin was abnormal, none of the family members showed any clinically significant symptoms.
Fetal Lymphocytes in the Maternal Blood
Authors: Schröder Jim , de la Chapelle Albert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The fluorescence of the human Y chromosome after staining with quinacrine derivatives was used in an attempt to determine the prevalence of XY lymphocytes presumptively emanating from male fetuses in the blood of pregnant women. Seven women who subsequently gave birth to male infants had 0.03%-0.20% lymphocytes with a Y body. In two women pregnant with male fetuses, no Y bodies were detected. Of 12 women who gave birth to girls, eight had no Y bodies. In the remaining four, fluorescent spots were interpreted as Y bodies. One of those women had previously had an abortion. In the remaining three cases, it was found in retrospect that the fluorescent spots emanated from exceptionally brightly fluorescent autosomal regions in the maternal or paternal chromosomes, or both. Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes showed similar frequencies of Y body. Based on determinations of the incidence of Y body-containing lymphocytes in males (35%-66.5%), it was estimated that approximately 0.1%-0.5% of lymphocytes in the blood of most women pregnant with a male fetus are of fetal origin. This figure is remarkably high, since it exceeds in relative terms that of fetal erythrocytes (which mostly appear in the mother’s blood at the time of delivery) by several orders of magnitude. It is suggested that fetal lymphocytes actively cross the feto-maternal barriers. This phenomenon may have a profound influence on the immunologic interactions between fetus and mother. The method described may not turn out to be profitable in the assessment of the fetal sex, since its accuracy may be of the order of only 80%-95%. Moreover, several limitations prevail.
Radioautographic Study of Cellular Migration Using Parabiotic Rats
Authors: Tyler Ruth W. , Everett N. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Leukocyte exchange between the hemopoietic tissues of parabiotic rats was studied subsequent to giving multiple injections of 3H-thymidine to one member of each pair while arresting the cross-circulation. Cell types that migrated from one parabiont to the other were segmented granulocytes, small, medium and large lymphocytes, immunoblasts, monocytoid cells, macrophages or their immediate precursors, and plasma cells. Evidence for the transformation of circulating cells to other cell types was rarely seen. The long-lived small lymphocytes were equilibrated between parabionts, suggesting that this is a single pool of cells with respect to kinetic behavior and recirculation. There was no evidence for a trephocytic function of lymphocytes. A small number of bone marrow lymphocytes coursed directly to lymph nodes and spleen. Evidence is given for a limited recirculation of short-lived lymphocytes of thoracic duct lymph (TDL), as well as for long-lived cells. Only a few immunoblasts of TDL recirculated. The majority of cells that entered the white pulp of the spleen were long-lived small lymphocytes, while the majority of immigrant cells to the red pulp were monocytoid cells and granulocytes. Many small lymphocytes originated in splenic red pulp and entered the blood. No immigrant cells to the thymic cortex were noted, although some small lymphocytes and monocytoid cells entered the medullary areas. Immigrant cells to the bone marrow (less than 2% of the cells in marrow) included monocytoid cells, small lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Evidence for the direct transformation of a circulating cell into a committed blast, based on reduction in grain count, was noted only in bone marrow.
Hereditary Nonspherocytic Hemolysis With Erythrocyte Phosphofructokinase Deficiency
Authors: Waterbury Larry , Frenkel Eugene P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolysis associated with abnormal erythrocyte phosphofructokinase activity was demonstrated in a young man. Enzyme activity in the propositus, his mother, and maternal grandmother was approximately 60% of normal controls. There was markedly increased lability of enzyme activity on in vitro storage. Kinetic studies revealed increased sensitivity to adenosine triphosphate inhibition. Erythrocyte adenosine triphosphate levels were depressed. The absence of muscle disease and the presence of normal in vivo lactate production following ischemic exercise differentiated this kindred from those with Type VII glycogen storage disease.
Separation of Immunocompetent Cells From Human and Mouse Hemopoietic Cell Suspensions by Velocity Sedimentation
Authors: Amato D. , Cowan D. H. , McCulloch E. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cell suspensions from human and mouse bone marrow, heterogeneous with respect to size, were physically separated by a technique of velocity sedimentation at unit gravity. Fractions were collected, cell counts performed, and a sedimentation "profile" obtained. Fractions were assayed in culture for response to phytohemagglutinin and to allogeneic irradiated leukocytes. The peak activity in these assays occurred in fractions taken from the region of small, slowly sedimenting, nucleated cells, which in humans have an average sedimentation velocity at 4°C of approximately 3.5 mm/hr. The results suggest that velocity sedimentation can be used to separate human stem cells from cells that cause graft-vs.-host disease.
Experimentally Induced Alterations in the Affinity of Hemoglobin for Oxygen. I. In Vitro Restoration of Erythrocyte 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate and Its Relationship to Erythrocyte Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase Activity in a Variety of Species
Authors: Oski Frank A. , Sugerman Harvey J. , Miller Leonard D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The relationship between red cell purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity and the ability of stored erythrocytes to regenerate the organic phosphate 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was evaluated in man, monkey, rabbit, dog, cat, and rat. A linear relationship was observed between the activity of this enzyme and the in vitro regeneration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from a solution of inosine, pyruvate, and inorganic phosphate. These studies suggest that rabbit and monkey erythrocytes respond in a manner similar to that of human erythrocytes and, therefore, might be useful experimental models for the evaluation of pharmacologic methods for the in vivo alteration of the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve.
Experimentally Induced Alterations in Affinity of Hemoglobin for Oxygen. II. In Vivo Effect of Inosine, Pyruvate, and Phosphate on Oxygen-Hemoglobin Affinity in Rhesus Monkey
Authors: Sugerman Harvey J. , Pollock Thomas W. , Rosato Ernest F. , Delivoria-Papadopoulos Maria , Miller Leonard D. , Oski Frank A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In an attempt to produce in vivo alterations in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen by pharmacologic means, rhesus monkeys were infused with 20 ml/kg of a 0.1 M solution of inosine, pyruvate, and bisodium phosphate. Control monkeys received equal volumes of isotonic saline. The monkeys given the inosine-pyruvate-phosphate mixture demonstrated a mean rise in P50 from 33.5 to 36.1 mm Hg and an increase in mean red cell 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate levels from 5.1 to 7.6 µmoles/ml RBC. The changes were maximal 6 hr postinfusion, remained elevated for 24 hr, and then gradually returned to normal over a 4-day period. Inosine alone, or pyruvate and phosphate together failed to produce the same results. This finding indicates that intravenous administration of inosine, pyruvate and phosphate can alter oxygen affinity in vivo and may be of value in diseases associated with poor oxygen delivery to tissues.
Granulocyte Collection by Continuous-flow Filtration Leukapheresis
Authors: Herzig Geoffrey P. , Root Richard K. , Graw Robert G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A safe and simple technique for the collection of large numbers of granulocytes from normal donors, based on the reversible adhesion of granulocytes to nylon wool filters, is described. The procedure is well tolerated by donors, and the granulocytes obtained show nearly normal bactericidal and phagocytic capacity in vitro. However, a surprisingly small median 1-hr posttransfusion increment of 233/cu mm was observed in leukopenic recipients lacking preformed leukocyte antibodies, as compared to the median increment of 850/cu mm reported following transfusion of leukocytes obtained by differential centrifugation. The safety and effectiveness of these granulocytes for the treatment or prevention of bacterial infections in granulocytopenic patients remains to be proven, however our initial experience with such transfusions has been encouraging.
Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Globin Synthesis in an American Black Family With Beta Thalassemia
Authors: Friedman Shlomo , Oski Frank A. , Schwartz Elias 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Synthesis of globin chains in bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from a black family with mild beta thalassemia was compared with similar studies in white people. Blood and bone marrow were incubated with 14C-leucine, globin chains were isolated, and β/α and γ/α ratios were calculated. The results of studies of globin synthesis in homozygotes of different races were similar, despite the differences in severity of clinical disease. In the heterozygotes, there was a significant defect in beta synthesis in the peripheral blood of white subjects, while in two of three black patients the β/α ratio was in the normal range. Although there was no evidence of segregation of an alpha thalassemia gene in this black family to explain the unusual β/α ratios, the presence of such a gene in the heterozygotes could not be excluded.
The Effect of Erythropoietin on Synchronized Rabbit Hemopoietic Tissue in Culture
Authors: Izak G. , Karsai A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Synchronized erythroid cell cohorts were cultured for up to 6 days with and without added erythropoietin. The presence of erythropoietin in the medium was found indispensable for the synchronized differentiation and maturation of those cell populations. The appearance, during maturation in vitro, of a soluble cell component that is capable of inducing hemoglobin producation by polysomes isolated from undifferentiated blast cells is described. The same polysomes with their isologous soluble cell component were unable to produce this protein. These results confirm earlier observations made on synchronized rabbit cell populations in vivo.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF HISTOCHEMICALLY DEMONSTRABLE GLYCOGEN IN HUMAN BLOOD AND BONE MARROW CELLS
Authors: WACHSTEIN MAX 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By applying Schiff’s reagent after periodic acid treatment to blood and bone marrow films, a cytoplasmic staining reaction is seen in some cells of the myeloid series, as well as in megakaryocytes and platelets. The intensity of the staining reaction in the myeloid cells increases with their maturation. The staining reaction can be prevented altogether in alcohol-fixed films by salivary digestion, but only incompletely in air-dried films. The staining reaction is due to the presence of glycogen in some chemical association, possibly with protein.
THE PROTHROMBIN CONSUMPTION TEST: ITS CLINICAL AND THEORETIC IMPLICATIONS
Authors: QUICK ARMAND J. , FAVRE-GILLY JEAN E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The prothrombin consumption test, which originally was carried out on serum one hour after coagulation, is modified. Blood is distributed to several test tubes, and after fixed time intervals, the tubes are centrifuged. The prothrombin of the serum of each tube is determined immediately and every fifteen minutes within the limits of one hour from the time the blood is taken.
The prothrombin consumption shows considerable variations in normal individuals. In hemophilia and in thrombocytopenia it is very incomplete. In hypoprothrombinemia the prothrombin may be very complete as in congenital hypoprothrombinemia of the Component A deficiency type, or surprisingly incomplete as in dicumarol hypoprothrombinemia. The possible significance of prothrombin consumption in relation to hemostatasis is discussed.
HYPOPROTHROMBINEMIA: STUDIES OF A CASE OF THE IDIOPATHIC TYPE AND THE EFFECT OF SERUM ADMINISTRATION
Authors: CROCKETT CHARLES L. , SHOTTON DONALD , CRADDOCK CHARLES G. , LEAVELL BYRD S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The reported cases of idiopathic hypoprothrombinemia are reviewed briefly, and a case observed for over three years is presented. Particular attention is called to the similar clinical pattern presented by the chronic cases.
2. Studies are presented indicating that in this patient the delay in prothrombin time was due, at least in part, to a deficiency of a factor necessary for rapid conversion of prothrombin. This factor, or factors, which we have called Ac-globulin, is contained in a highly active state in fresh normal serum.
3. After the in vitro demonstration of a deficiency of Ac-globulin in the patient’s blood, it was possible to bring about a marked reduction in the patient’s prothrombin time by the intravenous administration of relatively small amounts (15 to 45 cc.) of fresh normal (thrombin-free) serum. A further reduction of the prothrombin time to near normal values was brought about by combined whole blood and serum administration. The evidence suggests that partial correction of both prothrombin and Ac-globulin deficiency respectively resulted from such therapy.
4. The possible effects of serum and whole blood upon the delayed prothrombin conversion rate of dicoumarolization and liver disease are discussed and preliminary observations in the former type suggest that such therapy may be useful.
PERNICIOUS ANEMIA IN CHILDHOOD REPORT OF CASE IN SIX YEAR OLD GIRL RESPONDING TO REFINED LIVER EXTRACT, FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN B12 IN SUCCESSIVE RELAPSES
Authors: DAVIS R. WENDELL , CHRISTIAN RICHARD M. , ERVIN DONALD M. , YOUNG LAWRENCE E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of megaloblastic anemia without specific neurologic complications in a 6 year old girl is presented as an example of pernicious anemia in childhood despite the fact that a small amount of free hydrochloric acid was present in the gastric juice after injection of histamine. Prompt hematologic response was obtained following administration of refined liver extract, folic acid and vitamin B12 in successive relapses.
A CASE OF CYCLICAL AGRANULOCYTOSIS WITH MARKED IMPROVEMENT FOLLOWING SPLENECTOMY
Authors: FULLERTON H. W. , DUGUID H. L. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A case of cyclical agranulocytosis beginning in a man at the age of 62 years is described.
2. The course of the illness was greatly modified by splenectomy; neutropenia continued but phases of complete agranulocytosis and infection ceased.
A METHOD FOR ISOLATING LIVING POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES FROM PERIPHERAL BLOOD
Authors: MINOR ALLEN H. , BURNETT LEE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A simple method is described for isolating living polymorphonuclear leukocytes from peripheral blood. It is based on the selective adherence of these cells to a microscope slide, which permits all other blood components to be removed by washing. The reasons for considering this method useful in cell studies are discussed.
CHRONIC CONGENITAL AREGENERATIVE ANEMIA (PURE RED-CELL ANEMIA) ASSOCIATED WITH ISO-IMMUNIZATION BY THE BLOOD GROUP FACTOR "A"
Authors: SMITH CARL H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Chronic congenital aregenerative anemia describes a "pure red-cell" anemia in which the failure of hematopoiesis is restricted entirely to the erythrocytes without simultaneous impairment of leukocyte or platelet production. The separation of this entity from the category of the increasing number of cases designated as hypoplastic anemia will facilitate a more direct examination of the factors involved in its pathogenesis.
In the case described in this paper illustrating this condition, the onset of the anemia dated to the newborn period with the clinical and hematologic features of a mild type of erythroblastosis fetalis. The mother’s blood group was O, Rh positive and that of the infant and father A, Rh positive. The anti-A serum titer in the mother reached a maximum of 1:128,000. The infant was shown to be a non-secretor. The patient, now 17 months of age, requires repeated transfusions to maintain normal blood levels. The bone marrow reveals a persistent depression of erythropoiesis but the platelet and granulocyte levels are entirely unaffected.
It is postulated that prolonged depression in red blood cell production may result from an antibody directed solely against the red cells in fetal life or from the early neonatal period. This concept finds substantiation in other cases of erythroblastosis in which temporary failure of erythropoiesis as confirmed by bone marrow studies is reflected in a state of protracted anemia.
A RAPID SLIDE TEST FOR HETEROPHILE ANTIBODY IN INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: MOLONEY WILLIAM C. , MALZONE LUCY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The sera of 473 individuals were examined for sheep cell agglutinins both by the slide test and the Paul-Bunnell method. In this group there were 46 patients with positive slide tests and 35 of these individuals also had a diagnostic serum dilution test for heterophile antibody. In 11 cases the slide test was positive but the Paul-Bunnell test gave very low serum dilution values. However, when the slide test was carried out at 37 C, it was negative in 9 of the 11 cases. In the remaining 2 instances, one patient had a Forssman type of antibody which gave a 1:64 titer in saline and the slide test was positive at 37 C. In the other case no studies were made on the effect of temperature and the nature of the agglutination reaction was unfortunately not determined.
Using human and bovine albumen, sheep serum and human AB serum absorbed with sheep cells as a diluent no evidence for blocking or hyperimmune antibody was discovered in the cases of infectious mononucleosis studied in this series. Moreover, of the 6 patients with negative serology but with strong clinical and hematological evidence for the disease, no blocking or hyperimmune antibody was disclosed by the slide test or by the use of absorbed human AB serum. The conclusion seems justified that blocking, incomplete or hyperimmune heterophile antibody must be rather uncommon in infectious mononucleosis.
In the use of the rapid slide test it has been pointed out that cold agglutinins, (which may be abolished by warming to 37 C) and Forssman antibodies (which may be absorbed by guinea pig kidney) can give positive results. However, diseases in which cold agglutinins are strong enough to give a positive slide test are relatively rare and the occurrence of Forssman antibodies of a strength likely to give a positive slide test would be decidedly uncommon. In any event unless further experience reveals more serious discrepancies, the rapid slide test as described in this paper seems to offer a practical screening test to detect clinically significant amounts of heterophile antibody in cases of infectious mononucleosis.
COMPARISON OF VITAMIN B12 FROM LIVER AND FROM STREPTOMYCES GRISEUS IN THE TREATMENT OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: ERF LOWELL A. , WIMER BRUCE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A clinical remission in one case of pernicious anemia in relapse treated with 50 µg. of vitamin B12 from liver is reported; the patient was followed for 114 days after two doses of 25 µg. were given on successive days and a peak of 3,900,000 erythrocytes occurred on the eighty-sixth day.
2. Preliminary observations are reported in 2 patients with pernicious anemia in relapse treated with a vitamin B12 derived from Streptomyces griseus; the first patient who had no neurologic complaints received 32 µg. while the second was given two doses of 32 µg. each because of severe, subacute, combined degeneration. A good hematologic response and a satisfactory clinical remission occurred in both cases. There was definite improvement neurologically in the second case.
3. The administration of 32 µg. of vitamin B12 derived from Streptomyces griseus to each of 5 cases of pernicious anemia in remission resulted in minor subjective and objective improvement.