bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of pandemic influenza A/H1N1/pdm09 virus among pigs but not in humans in slaughterhouses in Kenya, 2013–2014
Authors: Osoro Eric Mogaka , Lidechi Shirley , Nyaundi Jeremiah , Marwanga Doris , Mwatondo Athman , Muturi Mathew , Ng’ang’a Zipporah , Njenga Kariuki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
We conducted four cross-sectional studies over 1 year among humans and pigs in three slaughterhouses in Central and Western Kenya (> 350 km apart) to determine infection and exposure to influenza A viruses. Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swabs were collected from participants who reported acute respiratory illness (ARI) defined as fever, cough or running nose. Nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from pigs. Human NP/OP and pig nasal swabs were tested for influenza A virus by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and pig serum was tested for anti-influenza A antibodies by ELISA.

Results
A total of 288 participants were sampled, 91.3% of them being male. Fifteen (5.2%) participants had ARI but the nine swabs collected from them were negative for influenza A virus by PCR. Of the 1128 pigs sampled, five (0.4%) nasal swabs tested positive for influenza A/H1N1/pdm09 by PCR whereas 214 of 1082 (19.8%) serum samples tested for Influenza A virus antibodies. There was higher seroprevalence in colder months and among pigs reared as free-range. These findings indicate circulation of influenza A/H1N1/pdm09 among pigs perhaps associated with good adaptation of the virus to the pig population after initial transmission from humans to pigs.
Nonlinear Dynamics Behavior of Tethered Submerged Buoy under Wave Loadings
Authors: Zhao Lin , Meng Weihao , Zheng Zhongqiang , Chang Zongyu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Tethered submerged buoy is used extensively in the field of marine engineering. In this paper considering the effect of wave, the nonlinear dynamics behavior of tethered submerged buoy is debated under wave loadings. According to Newton’s second law, the dynamic of the system is built. The coupling factor of the system is neglected, the natural frequency is calculated. The dynamic responses of the system are analyzed using Runge–Kutta method. Considering the variety of the steepness kA, the phenomenon of dynamic behavior can be periodic, double periodic and quasi-periodic and so on. The bifurcation diagram and the largest Lyapunov exponent are applied to judge the nonlinear characteristic. It is helpful to understand the dynamic behavior of tethered submerged buoy and design the mooring line of tethered submerge buoy.
Das Alter des Urans
Authors: Houtermans F. G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Aus den Daten von Nier über die Isotopenzusammensetzung des "gewöhnlichen" Bleis wird auf Grund der schon von ihm formulierten Arbeitshypothese, das gewöhnliche Blei sei als durch radiogenes Blei der Eruptivgesteine verunreinigtes "natürliches Blei" aufzufassen, versucht, die ursprüngliche Isotopenzusammensetzung des letzteren zu extrapolieren und eine ziemlich scharfe Abschätzung für das Alter des terrestrischen Urans zu gewinnen. Dabei ergibt sich für das Verhältnis der Atomzahlen des natürlichen Bleis die Zusammensetzung Pb204 : Pb206 : Pb207 : Pb208 = 1: 11,52 : 14,03 : 31,6 und das Alter des Urans zu w = 2,9 ±0,3 • 109 Jahren. Hieraus läßt sich ferner die ursprüngliche Zusammensetzung des Urans und das heutige Verhältnis von Pb/U und Th/U in den als Muttergestein der Bleimineralien aufzufassenden Primärgesteinen in guter Übereinstimmung mit den für Granite experimentell gefundenen Zahlen berechnen. Es wird ferner diskutiert, unter welchen Voraussetzungen w als Alter der Erdkruste oder als Alter der Entstehung der Elemente selbst aufzufassen ist. Die Tatsache der Radioaktivität des Urans ist
Zur Beziehung zwischen dem röntgenographischen und dem arithmetischen Mittelwert der Teilchengrößen
Authors: Müller Horst 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird gezeigt, daß der röntgenographische Mittelwert der Teilchengrößen eines aus würfelförmigen Teilchen bestehenden Kristallpulvers unter bestimmten physikalischen Voraussetzungen stets größer als der arithmetische Mittelwert der Teilchengrößen sein muß, wie auch immer die Verteilungsfunktion der Teilchengrößen beschaffen sein mag. Die Dimensionen der Teilchen einer
Über die spezifische Viskosität von Lösungen mit bläschenförmigen Molekülen und ihre Temperaturabhängigkeit
Authors: Kuss Eduard , Stuart H. A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Für 29 bläschenförmige Moleküle (Benzolderivate) wird in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln, vor allem Nitrobenzol und Xylol, die spezifische Viskosität in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur gemessen. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse sind eine überraschend große Temperaturabhängigkeit der Viskositätszahl [η], das Auftreten von negativen [η]-Werten und die gelegentliche Zunahme von [η] mit' T. Die Ergebnisse werden auf Grund einer molekularen Theorie der spezifischen Viskosität von Lösungen nach Stuart diskutiert und aus den Beobachtungen der spezifischen Viskosität die für diese maßgebenden Konstanten wie die Wechselwirkungsenergie und die Wechsel-wirkungsviskosität ausgerechnet. B ekanntlich sind aus der Viskosität von
Widerstandsänderung einer Platinfolie durch Gasbeladung
Authors: Braunbek Werner 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Eine freitragende Platinfolie von knapp 2μ Dicke zeigt in einer Gasatmosphäre eine Erniedrigung ihres elektrischen Widerstandes um einige lO-4 gegenüber dem Vakuumwert. Der Effekt ist von Gas zu Gas verschieden. Bei den drei untersuchten Gasen ist er bei Sauerstoff am größten, bei Argon etwas, bei Helium sehr viel geringer. Nach Abpumpen des Gases geht der Widerstand nahezu wieder auf den alten Wert hinauf. Die Widerstandserniedrigung entspricht einer zusätzlichen Metallschicht von einer je nach Art des Gases verschiedenen Dicke, welche jedoch immer in der Größenordnung einer Atomschicht liegt. Der Effekt kann gedeutet werden als Freisetzung von Leitungselektronen der Oberflächen-Metallatome durch die Gasbeladung, welche im Vakuum infolge der Oberflächen-Deformation des Potentials in ihrer Beweglichkeit behindert sind.
Thermodynamik und Relaxationserscheinungen
Authors: Meixner Josef 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Es wird gezeigt, daß man die Relaxationserscheinungen in beliebigen homogenen Systemen nicht nur mit kinetischen Methoden, sondern auch thermodynamisch-phänomenologisch in einfacher Weise behandeln kann. Dabei ergeben sich auch einige allgemeine Aussagen über die Abhängigkeit der Relaxationszeiten von den äußeren Bedingungen des Systems.
Dynamik des Plasmas I
Authors: Schlüter Arnulf 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Als Modell eines Plasmas wird eine Flüssigkeit betrachtet, die aus zwei entgegengesetzt geladenen Komponenten besteht. Es wird die zugehörige Bewegungs- und Diffusionsgleichung unter Berücksichtigung der gegenseitigen Reibung und der elektromagnetischen Wecksel- wirkung abgeleitet. Das Induktionsgesetz wird auf eine einfache Form gebracht. Die so gewonnenen Grundgleichungen werden auf den Fall angewendet, daß die elektrischen und magnetischen Felder statisch sind. Es wird gezeigt, daß es keinen Sinn hat, von einer Verminderung der Leitfähigkeit durch ein Magnetfeld und von einem Hall-Effekt im Plasma zu reden, da die ponderomotorischen Kräfte des elektrischen Stromes im Magnetfeld durch Druckkräfte kompensiert werden müssen, die ihrerseits als eingeprägte elektromotorische Kräfte den Strom so beeinflussen, daß (unter bestimmten Bedingungen) die Stromdichte im Plasma überall gerade so groß ist, wie sie ohne Magnetfeld bei demselben Druck wäre. Es wird dann (unter der Annahme druckunabhängiger Leitfähigkeit) der Fall geschlossen integriert, daß das Magnetfeld nur von dem Strom, der als Wirkung eines homogenen elektrischen Feldes fließt, herrührt. Das Plasma zieht sich dann zu einem Faden zusammen.
High Temperature Electrochemical Determination of the Thermodynamic Stability of the Iron-Rich, Iron-Niobium Intermetallic Phase
Authors: Barbi Giovanni B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A non-stationary technique of e.m.f. measurements after polarization of solid galvanic cells, previously applied to the determination of the standard free energy of formation of metal oxides, has been extended to intermetallic phases.
The chief condition of applicability of this technique to intermetallic compounds is that the rates of recombination of the cathodic reduction products to yield the stable intermetallic phase be high as compared with that of chemical oxidation at the interface with the solid intermediate electrolyte, due to oxygen impurities in the gas phase.
In particular, the solid electrolytic cell:

(y values expressing the ε-phase iron-rich boundary compositions according to different authors investigations) was examined.
Values of the standard free energy of formation of Fe7
-yNb2 from the elements, ranging between
-3.77+0.72-10-3 T and -5.66+1.09 · 10-3 T kcal/atom were found.
ESR of •NH2 and •N2H4
+ Free Radicals Produced by Gamma Irradiation in NH3OHCl, (NH3OH)2SO4 and N2H6SO4
Authors: Köksal F. , Çakir O. , Gümrükçü İ. , Birey M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Free radicals produced by gamma irradiation in single crystals of hydroxylammonium chloride, hydroxylammonium sulfate and hydrazinium sulfate have been investigated at room temperature with ESR. The radicals in the hydroxylammonium salts were identified as •NH2 and that in hydrazinium sulfate as •N2H4
+ . The ESR spectra of the radicals were unchanged and undiminished at room temperature more than eight months after irradiation. The g and hyperfine constants were found to be almost isotropic with an average g = 2.0047, aH = 2.0 mT and αN = 0.70 mT for •NH2 and g = 2.0034, aH = 1.10 mT and aN = 1.15 mT for •N2N4
+ .
Elastic and Ultrasonic Studies on RM (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm; M = Zn, Cu) Compounds
Authors: Yadav Chandreshvar Prasad , Pandey Dharmendra Kumar , Singh Devraj 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present article comprises computation of elastic, ultrasonic, and thermo-physical properties of RM (R = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm; M = Zn, Cu) compounds at 300 K. The second-order elastic constants (SOECs) and elastic moduli are evaluated initially, using potential model approach considering interaction up to second nearest neighbours. The ultrasonic velocities are obtained for wave propagation along <100>, <110>, and <111> crystallographic directions using evaluated SOECs. The Debye temperature, specific heat at constant volume, thermal energy density, thermal conductivity, and thermal relaxation time are also calculated. The obtained results are compared and analysed for justification and application of materials.
APPLICATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY TO LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Alatis James E. 
Published: September 2019

Beginning with the concern of those who view "computer revolution" as a threat to the present system of education, the paper suggests that technology can be destructive only if it fails to function in response to the "humanistic" objective of educational programs. This objective is examined in relation to language instruction, and the ultimate function of language study is defined as an attempt "to achieve an understanding, as complete as possible, between people of different linguistic background." It is then suggested that because of its great potential for improving and facilitating the earner's progress, modern-language-teaching technology can help us fulfill our humanistic mission more efficiently. To achieve this end, it is first necessary to change the negative reaction by students and teachers which started with the introduction of language lab. For this purpose, an attempt is made to dispel some of the "myths" that arose in the course of the first wave of language-teaching-technology.
Identification of Pulse Periods in Near‐Fault Ground Motions Using the HHT Method
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Dongsheng , Zhang Rui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Large‐amplitude and long‐period pulses are observed in velocity time histories of near‐fault ground‐motion records. The pulses in these records have significant damage effect on flexible structures due to their long‐period property; therefore, more attention should be paid to the frequency components in the ground motion. Based on the identification of frequency components in the original record, a new method based on the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) is proposed here. A ground‐motion record can be decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) that carry different frequency components by the HHT without contamination from any a prior function. Only two fixed parameters, the peak ground velocity (PGV)/peak ground acceleration (PGA) ratio and the energy change of every IMF, are used to classify pulse‐like ground‐motion records. The inherent pulses of these records can also be extracted, based on the selection of IMFs for which PGV/PGA ratios are larger than 0.12 and energy changes that are greater than 0.1. For multipulse cases, all the pulses can be captured after extracting once, and the time course of inherent pulses can also be obtained. Then, pulse periods are calculated based on the solutions of instantaneous frequency of the peak for the extracted pulses. All the periods obtained using the HHT method can be verified by the results obtained from Baker’s wavelet method. The 24 controversial records that are discussed in previous studies are examined here as well. The HHT method is a complete procedure that includes the classification of pulse‐like ground motions, the extraction of velocity pulses, and the solution of pulse periods. It works well for multipulse records, especially because it can provide the exact timing of all the inherent pulses.
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural population of Karad, Maharashtra, India: an observational study
Authors: Agrawal Vaibhav , Kshirsagar Ashok , Patil Virendra 
Published: September 2019

Background: Non-communicable diseases like DM2, cardiac diseases, chronic respiratory disorders, brain disorders like stroke have created a havoc in developing countries, especially India which harbors 2nd largest population in the world. The present study was planned in this area to capture the data regarding epidemiology, risk factors of DM2, and use this information to plan health program to formulate effective preventive measures, including raising general awareness about the disease in that geographical area.Methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out in population of Karad area of Satara district in Maharashtra state. The study duration was of 1 year, from 1st February 2018 to 1st February 2019.Results: Out of total 1100 study population in the present study, 99 (9%) were diagnosed as diabetics (DM2) while 1001 were normal/non-diabetics. Majority of the diabetic patients were of the age group 41 to 50 years. Females (47%) showed slightly more prevalence of diabetes as compared to males (53%). Majority of the diabetic patients were having sedentary lifestyle, which consisted of 69 patients (70%), which was statistically significant, as compared to non-diabetic group.Conclusion: Thus, findings of the present study amply clarifies that DM2 is on longer a disease of urban population. Its prevalence is increasing in rural population, as well. Lack of awareness, sedentary lifestyle, faulty dietary habits, etc. are some of the reasons for such high prevalence.
INTERFERENSI BAHASA MELAYU TERHADAP BAHASA INDONESIA PADA TKI DI DUSUN GETAP KECAMATAN SURALAGA
Authors: Diniarti Dian Aprila , Amrulloh A. , Syahdan S. 
Published: September 2019

Issues to be examined in this study is the cause of interference Malaysia language to Indonesian language performed by TKI Malaysia in subdistrict Suralaga and how is the form of interference against Indonesian Malay them. Malaysia migrant workers who had returned to his hometown Malaysia tends to insert language into the Indonesian language usage when they are invited to do a conversation Indonesian. Based on these problems, the objectives of this research was to determine the causes and forms of language interference undertaken by TKI Malaysia in subdistrict Suralaga. This type of research is qualitative descriptive. While data collection techniques done by tapping and interview techniques. Data were recorded and then transcribed in writing and analyzed using the model of Miles and Huberman. Based on the analysis that has been done, it can be drawn the conclusion that the cause of the interference on TKI Malaysia language is social, the habit of using the Malay language when communicating, and the length of a migrant worker. While the forms of language interference that occurs is the interference of phonology, morphology, and syntax
THE VARIATION OF INTERPERSONAL MEANING BREADTH OF BILINGUAL TEXT “SERIBU KUNANG-KUNANG DI MANHATTAN BY UMAR KHAYAM”
Authors: Liambo Eka Yunita 
Published: September 2019

<p class="Abstract">ABSTRACT</p><p class="IsiAbstrakabstractcontent"><em>The process of meaning realization to the target language may involve the change of meaning. This change leads to the variation of meaning depth, breadth, and height. This is caused by the differences of linguistic features between the target language and source language. Therefore, the difficulties of finding equivalent words in target language may force translators to use other words which do not have the exactly similar meaning. However, this becomes a phenomenon in translation studies. This research aims to know the variation of interpersonal meaning breadth of a bilingual text. The primary data of this research is the sentences of first bilingual text taken from Seribu Kunang-Kunang di Manhattan translated into A Thousand Fireflies in Manhattan. There were 281 sentences are analysed. The result shows that those sentences found to have different variations. The most frequently variations found in this short story are the first variations in which element functions in the source text and target text have one difference. First variation has 28,82% then followed by zero variation with 23,48%. Whereas other sentences is classified as the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth variation of interpersonal meaning breadth with percentage of 18,14%, 4,62%, 3,20%, 14,23% and 7,47%. These variations occurring in the first bilingual text Seribu Kunang-Kunang di Manhattan translated into A Thousand Fireflies in Manhattan seems to be done to maintain the correspondence in the target language.</em></p><strong>Keywords: </strong>bilingual, breadth meaning, interpersonal, translation, variation of meaning,
Concurrence of ocular infection with Demodex folliculorum
Authors: Kosik-Bogacka Danuta Izabela , Pyzia Joanna , Galant Katarzyna , Czepita Maciej , Kot Karolina , Lanocha-Arendarczyk Natalia , Czepita Damian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The ectoparasite Demodex spp. is the most common human parasite detected in skin lesions such as rosacea, lichen, and keratosis. It is also an etiological factor in blepharitis. As Demodex spp. are involved in the transmission of pathogens that can play a key role in the pathogenesis of demodecosis, the aim was to assess the concurrence of Demodex folliculorum and bacterial infections. Methods The study involved 232 patients, including 128 patients infected with Demodex folliculorum and 104 non-infected patients. All patients underwent ophthalmological examination. The material for microbiological tests was collected from the conjunctival sac. Samples were plated on basic microbiological media and then incubated. Strains were identified based on morphological evaluation of the colonies on the media and preparations stained by the Gram method. Results Physiological flora was found in all patients infected with D. folliculorum and 9 (8.7%) participants from the control group. Only in patients infected with D. folliculorum we isolated Staphylococcus aureus (9 patients, 7%), Acinetobacter baumannii (one patient, 0.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (one patient, 0.8%), Gram-negative bacteria (one patient, 0.8%), and Bacillus spp. (one patient, 0.8%) in the conjunctival sac. Conclusions Patients infected with Demodex spp. should also undergo microbiological examination of conjunctival swabs. The treatment of each patient should be individualized, adapted to the clinical condition, and in cases of bacterial co-infection, an antibiotic and/or a topical steroid drug should be additionally prescribed. Furthermore, daily hygiene of the eyelid margins should be recommended.
Trends of Fertility in Ethiopia, Systematic Review
Authors: Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Abebe Ayele Mamo , Abate Biruk Beletew , Zemariyam Alemu Birara , Kassie Ayelign Mengesha 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Fertility is the actual childbearing performance of a population. When there is no significant migration, at any level of mortality, changes in fertility cause variations in the rate of natural increase and exert a powerful influence on the age structure. The global population increased from 2·6 billion in 1950 to 7·6 billion in 2017 and the Ethiopian population become 100 million. Therefore, this review was aimed to assess the trends of fertility in the regions and administrative cities of Ethiopia in the last 5 decades. Methods: both quantitative and qualitative study design were considered for the review. The PubMed databases, and Gray literatures (Google scholar, organizations’ research works, Academia, and Research get) were used as source of data for searching. The JBI critical appraisal tool were used to assess the quality of papers after including for review by abstract and title. Results: on initial searching 8503 papers were identified from PubMed databases. Of these papers only 28 studies for quantitative and 15 for qualitative analysis were selected based on JBI critical appraisal checklist. The rate of fertility in Ethiopia decrease radically from 8.1 in 1965 to 4.0 in 2016. The mean fertility rate with standard variation for both urban and rural Ethiopia is (6.03 + 1.3) in the last 51 years. Conclusions and recommendations: The fertility rate of Ethiopia become declined since the starting of contraceptive utilization even though it is not similar across the different regions. Some of the regions like Afar and Somalia become more fecundate irrespective of the country growth and development and others like Amhara region had the highest decline in fertility. The minister of health should explore the causes of high fertility in Afar and Somalia regions. Ethics and dissemination: The review is based on published data, and ethical approval did not require. Trial Registration: The protocol has been published in the PROSPERO with an ID of CRD42019128889 Keywords: Trends, Fertility, Ethiopia, Systematic Review, and Amhara Region