bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human‐Interactive, Active‐Matrix Displays for Visualization of Tactile Pressures
Authors: Jang Jiuk , Oh Byungkook , Jo Subin , Park Sunghee , An Hyeon Seok , Lee Seunghee , Cheong Woon Hyung , Yoo Seunghyup , Park Jang‐Ung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHuman‐interactive displays involve the interfacing of a stimuli‐responsive sensor with a human‐readable response. Human‐readable responses include the five recognized senses, i.e., sight (vision), hearing (audition), taste (gustation), smell (olfaction), and touch (somatosensation). Vision is considered to be the most informative human stimulus so that the visualization of electrical, thermal, and mechanical data is important for various applications. Herein, the fabrication of human‐interactive displays is demonstrated in which active‐matrix arrays of pressure‐sensitive Si transistors with air dielectric layers are fully integrated with pixels of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this way, the luminance of the individual OLED pixels can be increased locally by pressing the display, and the luminance is dependent on the magnitude of the applied pressure. Furthermore, the air dielectric layer of transistors provides outstanding electrical properties, including high transconductance and negligible hysteresis. 3D integration of these transistors with dual‐side emissive OLED pixels is also demonstrated. Local pressing increases the light intensity of OLED pixel and then the underlaid Si channel can absorb this light successively to generate additional photocurrents from the pressure‐sensitive transistor, further enhancing its sensitivity. This human‐interactive display can visualize tactile pressure directly, suggesting the substantial promise as next generation displays for intelligent human‐machine interfacing.
Hintergründe zum Nachweis des Glimmverhaltens für bestimmte Baustoffe
Authors: Werning Hanno , Denkl Maximilian , Moarcas Odette 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEiner der Kernpunkte des Europäischen Gerichtshof EuGH‐Urteils vom Oktober 2014 war die für bestimmte Mineralwolle‐Dämmstoffe geforderte nationale allgemeine bauaufsichtliche Zulassung zum Nachweis, dass der Dämmstoff „nicht glimmt”. Inzwischen existiert ein europäisches Prüfverfahren zum Schwel‐ und Glimmverhalten. Mit diesem kann nach der Prioritätenliste des Deutschen Instituts für Bautechnik (DIBt) der Nachweis geführt werden, dass ein Bauprodukt nicht glimmt. Der Aufsatz erläutert die Hintergründe des Glimmnachweises, das europäische Verfahren, die voraussichtliche zukünftige Entwicklung und die Folgen für die Planer und Verwender der Bauprodukte.
Experimentelle und rechnerische Untersuchung eines neuen Wandtrocknungssystems
Authors: Geißer Georg , Künzel Hartwig , Zegowitz Andreas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractZur thermischen Trocknung von Wänden nach einem Wasserschaden werden häufig Infrarot‐Heizplatten eingesetzt. Zum Erreichen der gewünschten Trocknungstemperatur an der Bauteiloberfläche benötigen diese über den Zeitraum der Trocknung große Mengen elektrischer Energie. Das Fraunhofer Institut für Bauphysik IBP in Stuttgart hat ein neues, elektrisch betriebenes, diffusionsoffenes und flexibles Flächenheizsystem (EDF‐Trocknungssystem) entwickelt. Durch seine Funktionsweise trocknet es Wände energieeffizient und gleichmäßig. Zur Ermittlung des Ist‐Zustands des EDF‐Trocknungssystems bei kontinuierlicher Betriebsweise und zum trocknungstechnischen und energetischen Vergleich mit einer marktüblichen IR‐Heizplatte wurden experimentelle und rechnerische Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Das mithilfe der durchgeführten Versuche validierte Simulationsmodell ermöglicht weitere Optimierungsstudien bezüglich der Betriebsweise des neuen Trocknungssystems.
Development of higher yield and high‐quality mango production system based on Internet of Things
Authors: Shiroma Yasushi , Afuso Hitoshi , Suwa Ryuichi , Kinjo Atsushi , Tonooka Yuki , Kaga Takeshi , Nagayama Itaru , Tamaki Shiro , Maharjan Gauri 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMango is a popular seasonal fruit in summer, and mango production in the Okinawa prefecture is the largest in Japan. However, the growth process of mangoes is susceptible to changes in sunshine, temperature, and other factors. In this research, to produce mangoes without being influenced by the natural environment, we will develop a production system that can positively realize environmental measurement and control by using an IoT sensing system. Specifically, we introduced local CO2 application technology and a supplemental LED lighting system with the aim of activating photosynthesis by mango trees.
Wild bee diversity increases with local fire severity in a fire‐prone landscape
Authors: Galbraith Sara M. , Cane James H. , Moldenke Andrew R. , Rivers James W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAs wildfire activity increases in many regions of the world, it is imperative that we understand how key components of fire‐prone ecosystems respond to spatial variation in fire characteristics. Pollinators provide a foundation for ecological communities by assisting in the reproduction of native plants, yet our understanding of how pollinators such as wild bees respond to variation in fire severity is limited, particularly for forest ecosystems. Here, we took advantage of a natural experiment created by a large‐scale, mixed‐severity wildfire to provide the first assessment of how wild bee communities are shaped by fire severity in mixed‐conifer forest. We sampled bees in the Douglas Fire Complex, a 19,000‐ha fire in southern Oregon,USA, to evaluate how bee communities responded to local‐scale fire severity. We found that fire severity served a strong driver of bee diversity: 20 times more individuals and 11 times more species were captured in areas that experienced high fire severity relative to areas with the lowest fire severity. In addition, we found pronounced seasonality in the local bee community, with more individuals and more species captured during late summer, especially in severely burned regions of the landscape. Two critical habitat components for maintaining bee populations—flowering plants and boring insect exit holes used by cavity‐nesting bees—also increased with fire severity. Although we detected shifts in the relative abundance of several bee and plant genera along the fire severity gradient, the two most abundant bee genera (BombusandHalictus) responded positively to high fire severity despite differences in their typical foraging ranges. Our study demonstrates that within a large wildfire mosaic, severely burned forest contained the most diverse wild bee communities. This finding has particularly important implications for biodiversity in fire‐prone areas given the expected expansion of wildfires in the coming decades.
Seizure burden in severe early‐life epilepsy: Perspectives from parents
Authors: Berg Anne T. , Kaiser Karen , Dixon‐Salazar Tracy , Elliot Andi , McNamara Nancy , Meskis Mary Anne , Golbeck Emily , Tatachar Priya , Laux Linda , Raia Carrie , Stanley Janice , Luna April , Rozek Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesSeizure burden is typically measured by seizure frequency yet it entails more than seizure counts, especially for people with severe epilepsies and their caregivers. We aimed to characterize the multi‐faceted nature of seizure burden in young people and their parents who are living with severe early‐life epilepsies.MethodsA one‐day workshop and a series of teleconferences were held with parents of children with severe, refractory epilepsy of early‐life origin and providers for children with epilepsy. The workshop sessions were structured as focus groups and aimed to identify components of seizure burden and their impact from the perspective of parents and providers. Data were gathered, organized, and refined during the workshop using an iterative 4‐step process that drew upon grounded theory.ResultsThree primary components of seizure burden were identified: frequency, severity, and unpredictability, which was as important if not more important at times than frequency and severity. Caregivers noted that the impacts of seizures were experienced as acute‐immediate consequences, longer‐term consequences, and as chronic effects that develop and evolve over time. The severity of the child's neurological and medical status as well as where in the disease journey a family was represented additional contextual factors that influenced the experience of seizure burden.SignificancePatient‐reported and patient‐centered outcomes are increasingly incorporated into the evaluation of treatment effectiveness. Without understanding how the disease creates burden for the patient (or family), it is difficult to know how to assess the impact of treatment. Our preliminary findings indicate seizure burden is a complex construct and unpredictability can be as important as frequency and severity.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure‐assisted thawing on the physicohemical characteristics of silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus)
Authors: Cui Yan , Xuan Xiaoting , Ling Jiangang , Liao Xiaojun , Zhang Huimin , Shang Haitao , Lin Xudong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEffects of high hydrostatic pressure‐assisted thawing (HPAT, 100, 150, and 200 MPa) on the physicochemical characteristics of silver pomfret were evaluated in comparison with conventional (water immersion thawing, WIT) thawed samples. HPAT significantly decreased the thawing time, as well as the cooking and total losses. The maximum water holding capacity was observed at 100 MPa. Color changed obviously at ≥150 MPa, resulting in a cooked appearance. Samples thawed with HPAT showed better texture quality and lower lipid oxidation. The levels of myofibrillar protein oxidation and surface hydrophobicity increased, while Ca2+‐ATPase activities decreased as the pressure increased. The oxidation of myofibrillar protein was significantly decreased at 100 MPa; total sulfhydryl content was 30.85% higher than that of WIT. Overall, 100 MPa is the optimum treatment condition for silver pomfret thawing without negative effects on quality of the product. HPAT can be a potential alternative to produce high‐quality thawed fish.
Utility of cervical length and quantitative fetal fibronectin for predicting spontaneous preterm delivery among symptomatic nulliparous women
Authors: Kyozuka Hyo , Murata Tsuyoshi , Sato Tetsu , Suzuki Satoshi , Yamaguchi Akiko , Fujimori Keiya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo validate the utility of fetal fibronectin (fFN) and cervical length (CL) in predicting preterm delivery among symptomatic nulliparous women.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of nulliparous women who presented with uterine contractions, abdominal pain, or cervical change at 21–34 gestational weeks at Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Japan, between 2008 and 2017. fFN (categorized as <50 ng/dL, 50–199 ng/dL, >200 ng/dL) and CL (≥15 mm or <15 mm) were evaluated simultaneously. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for preterm delivery before 37 or 34 weeks, and delivery within 28 or 14 days were calculated (references: fFN, <50 ng/dL; CL, ≥15 mm).ResultAmong 285 women who met the study criteria, CL less than 15 mm was a risk factor for preterm delivery before 37 (aOR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1–6.7) and 34 (aOR, 6.8; 95% CI, 2.3–20.2) weeks. fFN of 200 ng/dL or higher was a risk factor for delivery within 28 (aOR, 19.8; 95% CI, 4.3–90.2) and 14 (aOR, 10.8; 95% CI, 1.7–67.6) days.ConclusionAmong symptomatic nulliparous women, short CL was found to be a risk factor for preterm delivery and higher fFN levels were related to short gestational latency.
Simultaneous catalytic elimination of formaldehyde and ozone over one‐dimensional rod‐like manganese dioxide at ambient temperature
Authors: Zhang Yi , Shi Jin , Fang Wenjian , Chen Mingxia , Zhang Zhixiang , Jiang Zhi , Shangguan Wenfeng , Einaga Hisahiro 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundFormaldehyde (HCHO) and ozone (O3) are seriously hazardous materials to human health, especially in the indoor environment, and need to be inhibited. Manganese dioxide (MnO2) catalysts have been extensively studied in the field of environmental pollution owing to their various morphologies and crystal structures. In this study, one‐dimensional rod‐like MnO2 catalysts were prepared by a hydrothermal method. The crystal form and other factors affecting the activity were explored through an activity test and various characterization methods. The decomposition process of HCHO and O3 on the most active catalyst was analyzed by in situ diffuse reflection infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS).Resultsα‐MnO2 displayed the best catalytic performance and achieved 90% HCHO conversion, 100% carbon dioxide (CO2) yield and 100% O3 decomposition under different experimental conditions. The characterization results illustrated that the crystal phase of α‐MnO2 has a suitable tunnel structure for HCHO adsorption, also leading to greater mobility of adsorbed oxygen species, abundant oxygen vacancies and active surface oxygen species, which could be the reason for the superior catalytic performance of α‐MnO2. Formate and dioxymethylene (DOM) species were identified as the dominant intermediates by in situ DRIFTS. The surface hydroxyl (OH) group was confirmed to play an essential role in the complete oxidation of carbonaceous intermediates into harmless CO2 and water (H2O).Conclusionα‐MnO2 exhibited the best catalytic performance among the as‐prepared samples and can efficiently eliminate HCHO and O3 in the environment. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatial distribution and trends of different precipitation variability indices based on daily data in Northern Chile between 1966 and 2015
Authors: Meseguer‐Ruiz Oliver , Ponce‐Philimon Paulina I. , Guijarro Jose A. , Sarricolea Pablo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNorthern Chile is one of the most arid regions in the world, as it includes the Atacama Desert. At high elevations, most precipitation is observed only during a short period of the year, from December until March. This renders water availability a major concern for policymakers. Accumulated rainfall varies considerably from one year to another, and for this reason, climate projections have a very low degree of confidence in this area. Consequently, in this region, it is more interesting to study the irregularity of precipitation itself than accumulated rainfall values, as they express in a clearer way the behaviour of precipitation. According to daily data from 161 meteorological stations, four irregularity indices of precipitation were calculated: concentration index, entropy, persistence index, and fractal dimension. These indices were measured according to observed values, and their spatial distribution was subsequently determined by interpolating following multivariate regression models that consider different geographical variables such as latitude, distance to the Amazon Basin, elevation, orientation, and curvature. The temporal trends of each index and for each meteorological station were also calculated, displaying different results depending on the latitude and elevation. These changes agree with the observed modifications on the inter‐tropical atmospheric circulation and with changes in the precipitation diurnal cycle. These results will help improve climate projections for this region, in the process facilitating the development of more accurate climate models and informing the formulation of water management policies.
Ultrawide color gamut LCD display with CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets
Authors: Wen Zuoliang , Fang Fan , Zhang Chaojian , Ding Shihao , Sun Jiayun , Tang Haodong , Xu Bing , Wang Kai , Teo Kie Leong , Sun Xiao Wei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present a liquid‐crystal display (LCD) backlight made of nanoplatelets (NPLs) for the first time. Owing to the narrow emission linewidth of NPLs (8‐12 nm) and quantum dots (QDs), the spectrum exhibits a wide color gamut display with a 139.9% color gamut of National Television System Committee (NTSC) 1953 standard and 104.5% Rec.2020 (ITU‐R Recommendation BT.2020), realizing a truly ultrawide color gamut LCD display.
Vegetation restoration in Northern China: A contrasted picture
Authors: Wang Feng , Pan Xubin , Gerlein‐Safdi Cynthia , Cao Xiaoming , Wang Sen , Gu Lianhong , Wang Dongfang , Lu Qi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChina started a long‐term effort to mitigate desertification and ensure the sustainability of its environment by implementing multiple large‐scale national ecological restoration projects since 1978, but their success has been highly debated for a long time. Here, we estimated the change of vegetation fraction cover (VFC) in the Three‐North Shelterbelt Programme (TNSP) region over the past three decades on the basis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index dataset from the Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System. We evaluate the national strategy of vegetation restoration in North China by comparing rainfall patterns, vegetation change, and national ecological restoration programs on the basis of the Global Meteorological Forcing Dataset and the China Forestry Statistical Yearbooks. We find that the western, central, and eastern parts of the TNSP region exhibited a distinct increase in vegetation coverage. The western region had the highest increase of annual precipitation, but this did not result in the highest VFC increase. We infer that ecological restoration activities are the factor leading to the observed increase in VFC in the eastern and central region compared with the western region. The low survival rate of planted trees in the forest of the TNSP region indicates that it is necessary to improve the mode of vegetation restoration to obtain optimal returns and avoid excessive investment. The success of new strategies, for example, natural restoration and quasinatural afforestation are promising as an alternative method. China's experiences in reforestation will be very beneficial for other countries to promote land degradation mitigation and vegetation improvement in the arid and semiarid areas.
Condensed Mode Cooling for Ethylene Polymerization: Part V—Reduction of the Crystallization Rate of HDPE in the Presence of Induced Condensing Agents
Authors: Andrade Fabiana N. , Fulchiron René , Collas Franck , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe crystallization of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) alone, and in the presence of n‐hexane (a common induced condensing agent [ICA]) is studied using differential scanning calorimetry. The presence of a noncrystallizable ICA which is partially soluble in the amorphous phase of HDPE reduces the rate of crystallization. This is reflected by a shifting of the crystallization and melting peaks of HDPE to lower temperatures when the ICA concentration in the medium increases. It is also observed that the rate of crystallization of HDPE can be very slow when the ratio of ICA to HDPE increases from zero. This behavior is useful to better understand the physical effects that can potentially occur at the beginning of the gas phase polymerization of ethylene, and suggests that the crystallization of the nascent polymer, and thus the properties of the polymer in the reactor will be quite different from those of the powder at later stages of the reaction when running in condensed mode.
Polar Side Chain Effects on the Thermoelectric Properties of Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]Dithiophene‐Based Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Pan Chengjun , Wang Luhai , Liu Tongchao , Zhou Xiaoyan , Wan Tao , Wang Shichao , Chen Zhongming , Gao Chunmei , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe molecular structure of polymers has a great influence on their thermoelectric properties; however, the relationship between the molecular structure of a polymer and its thermoelectric properties remains unclear. In this work, two benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT)‐based conjugated polymers are designed and synthesized, which contain alkyl side chains or polar side chains. The effects of the polymer side chain on the physicochemical properties are systematically investigated, especially the thermoelectric performance of the polymers after doping with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone and 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane. It is found that the BDT‐based conjugated polymer with polar side chains exhibits good miscibility with the dopants, leading to higher thermoelectric properties than those of the polymer with alkyl side chains. This work can serve as a reference for the future design of high‐performance organic thermoelectric polymers.
Microstructure and fracture behavior of Al‐Si‐Mg alloy prepared with recycled alloy
Authors: Song L.Y. , Liu H.X. , Nie S.N. , Yu B.Y. , Wang S.C. , Zheng L. , Li R.X. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, microstructure and fracture behavior of Al‐Si‐Mg alloy prepared with recycled alloy were studied. The results show that some casting defects such as oxidation slags, pores and iron‐rich intermetallic phases exist in the alloy prepared with recycled alloy. Stress concentration forms in the tips of the pores and iron‐rich intermetallic phases in the process of stretching. Cracks are easy to initiate near slags due to the weakening of the adhesion between the oxidized slag and the aluminum matrix. In addition, silicon phases play a hindering role on the movement of dislocations in the process of crack propagation and merging of cracks which is strengthening the alloy prepared with recycled alloy to some extent. Crack propagation is mainly along the direction of casting defects, and the cracks connect with each other until failure of material. Moreover, the crack originate from silicon phase and extend along the eutectic structure of alloy no‐containing recycled alloy, and a large plastic deformation occurred in the α‐aluminum dendrites.
Precipitates change of ferritic‐martensitic 11 % chromium steel under short‐term creep
Authors: Zhou X. , Shen Y. , Shi T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA ferritic‐martensitic (FM) 11 % chromium steel with final heat treatment was subjected to a short‐term creep test at a stress of 150 MPa and 600 °C for 1100 h in order to study the change of precipitates in the steel during the creep test. Except for Nb‐rich metall carbides (MC, M23C6) and Laves phases, Fe‐W‐Cr‐rich M6C (based on Fe3W3C) carbides forming during the creep test were also identified in the crept steel by electron diffraction and x‐ray diffraction in combination with energy dispersive x‐ray analysis of extraction carbon replicas. The identified M6C carbides have a fcc crystal structure, a metallic element composition of approximately 44Fe, 32 W, and 20Cr in atomic %, and large sizes ranging from 100 nm to 300 nm in diameter. The M6C carbides are a dominant phase in the crept steel. M6X precipitates are generally not easy to form during high temperature creep, even if it is a long‐term creep, in ferritic‐martensitic 9–12 % chromium steels with a final heat treatment. The present work provides the evidence for the M6C carbides forming during short‐term creep in ferritic‐martensitic high chromium steels. The formation of the M6C carbides was discussed.