bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating How Organic Solvents Affect Tissue Culture Polystyrene Surfaces through Responses of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Arisaka Yoshinori , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolymer coating of tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) surfaces promotes their biofunctionality, which can aid manipulation of cellular functions. However, the effect of the solvent used for polymer coating is yet to be elucidated. In this study, solvent‐treated TCPS surfaces using water, methanol, ethanol, 2‐propanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide are fabricated. Solvent treatment of TCPS surfaces is performed by spreading solvents onto the surfaces and allowing them to dry. Solvent treatment changes the surface roughness and wettability, depending on the kind of solvents. In addition, these surface property changes affected the extension, proliferation, and differentiation of human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. These results suggest that solvent selection for polymer coating is crucial in the regulation of cell responses. Further, treatment with an appropriate solvent can result in a more suitable culture environment for modulating cellular functions.
Targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases to sensitize cancer radiation therapy
Authors: Chen Zan , Xu Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRadiotherapy is an effective treatment for many cancer patients to eliminate malignant cells and increase survival rate. However, cancer cells can develop resistance in response to radiation through activation of signaling pathways that promote cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, cell survival, and inflammation. Various combination therapies are developed to sensitize radiotherapy by targeting key signaling proteins involved in radioresponse. The past decade has seen significant advances in the knowledge of ubiquitin signaling in cancer biology. Developing E3 ubiquitin ligase‐related molecules as novel strategies to cure cancer has become an emerging field. This review briefly discusses the potential of targeting diverse E3 ubiquitin ligases as promising strategies for radiosensitization in cancer.
Immunomodulatory roles of human herpesvirus‐encoded microRNA in host‐virus interaction
Authors: Naqvi Afsar R. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryHuman herpesviruses (HHV) are large, double stranded, DNA viruses with high seroprevalence across the globe. Clinical manifestation of primary HHV infection resolve shortly, however, this period is prolonged in immunocompromised patients or individuals with suppressed immunity. Examining molecular mechanisms of HHV‐encoded virulence factors can provide finer details of HHV‐host interaction. A unique genetic feature of most members of HHV is that they encode multiple microRNAs (miR). In this review, I will provide mechanistic insights into the immunomodulatory functions of herpesvirus‐encoded viral miR (v‐miR) that favor viral persistence and spread by ingenious immune evasion schemes. Similar to host miR, v‐miR can simultaneously regulate expression of multiple transcripts including host‐ and virus‐derived. V‐miRs, by virtue of their direct interaction with various transcripts, can regulate expression of critical components of host innate and adaptive immune system. V‐miRs are also exported through exosomal route and gain entry into various cells even at distant sites, thereby allowing HHV to manipulate cellular and tissue immunity. Targeting v‐miR may serve as a novel and promising therapeutic candidate to mitigate HHV‐mediated clinical manifestations.
Human-Based Exposure Levels of Perfluoroalkyl Acids May Induce Harmful Effects to Health by Disrupting Major Components of Androgen Receptor Signalling In Vitro
Authors: McComb J. , Mills I. G. , Berntsen Hanne Friis , Ropstad E. , Verhaegen S. , Connolly L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPerfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are detectable in human blood. PFAA exposure may contribute to androgen receptor (AR)-related health effects such as prostate cancer (PCa). In Norway and Sweden, exposures to PFAAs and PCa are very real concerns. In vitro studies conventionally do not investigate PFAA-induced AR disruption at human blood-based concentrations, thus limiting application to human health. We aim to determine the endocrine disrupting activity of PFAAs based upon human exposure levels, on AR transactivation and translocation. PFAAs (PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFHxS, and PFUnDA) were tested at concentrations ranging from 1/10 × to 500 × relative to human blood based upon the exposure levels observed in a Scandinavian population. Translocation was measured by high content analysis (HCA) and transactivation was measured by reporter gene assay (RGA). No agonist activity (translocation or transactivation) was detected for any PFAAs. In the presence of testosterone, AR translocation increased following exposure to PFOS 1/10 × and 100 ×, PFOA 1/10 ×, and PFNA 1 × and 500 × (P < 0.05). In the presence of testosterone, PFOS 500 × antagonised AR transactivation, whereas PFDA 500 × increased AR transactivation (P < 0.05). PFAAs may contribute to AR-related adverse health effects such as PCa. PFAAs can disrupt AR signalling via two major components: translocation and transactivation. PFAAs which disrupt one signalling component do not necessarily disrupt both. Therefore, to fully investigate the disruptive effect of human exposure-based contaminants on AR signalling, it is imperative to analyse multiple molecular components as not all compounds induce a disruptive effect at the same level of receptor signalling.
Complex Lithospheric Deformation in Eastern and Northeastern Tibet From Shear Wave Splitting Observations and Its Geodynamic Implications
Authors: Gao Yifan , Chen Ling , Wang Xu , Ai Yinshuang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe eastern and northeastern Tibetan Plateau is a key region to study the growth and expansion of the plateau and associated extrusion tectonics. We studied the seismic anisotropic structure in this region by shear wave splitting analysis of teleseismic records from a dense linear seismic array, to constrain the lithospheric deformation and processes. We detected small‐scale variations in anisotropy, including changes of splitting parameters around major faults and different anisotropy patterns among individual tectonic blocks and units but with consistent interior features. Our results combined with previous observations suggest that, in addition to the dominant effects of lateral extrusion induced by the India‐Eurasia collision, major faults and tectonic heterogeneity may have also exerted significant impacts on the deformation and thus anisotropic structure of the lithosphere. In particular, we constructed two‐layer anisotropy models for both the Longmenshan subblock in the easternmost Songpan‐Ganzi terrane and the western Qinling orogen, indicating crust‐mantle decoupling in these areas. The lower anisotropic layer of both areas shows a general NW‐SE fast polarization direction. We attribute this feature to the large‐scale mantle deformation, due to the lateral extrusion of Tibet associated with the India‐Eurasia collision. The upper‐layer anisotropy in both areas features an optimal NEE‐SWW fast polarization direction. While in the Longmenshan subblock it may stem from crustal deformation under the combined effects of middle‐lower crustal flow, faulting, and tectonic heterogeneity, that in the western Qinling orogen is probably resulted from shearing caused by upper crustal displacement along a midcrustal detachment.
Study of Variation of Polar Cap Potential During Geomagnetic Storm Events of 24 November 2001 and 24 August 2005 as Observed From LFM and BATS‐R‐US Simulation
Authors: Paudel D. , Bhattarai S. K. , Ghimire B. , Gurung C. , Chapagain N. P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper we examine variation of polar cap potential (PCP) during two storm events that occurred on 24 November 2001 and 24 August 2005 using Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry (LFM) and Block‐Adaptive‐Tree‐Solarwind_Roe‐Upwind‐Scheme (BATS‐R‐US) simulations and compare it to Weimer model. These events were simulated for zero, pure By, pure Bz, and full IMF conditions separately, and the PCP obtained were compared with the zero IMF PCP value as a baseline (viscous) potential. For southward IMF, PCP is defined as sum of reconnection and viscous, whereas for northward IMF, it is peak to peak potential, which either will be viscous potential or reconnection potential, whichever is larger. Both events were simulated for a constant ionospheric conductivity of 5 mhos and the variation of PCP was found to be consistent with previous literatures. Furthermore, we found that BATS‐R‐US PCP fluctuated similar to LFM PCP for most parts although their PCP values did not exactly match. We observed that BATS‐R‐US PCP also goes below viscous value for northward IMF condition, something which was observed previously in LFM simulation only. We also found that BATS‐R‐US PCP is more sensitive to smaller fluctuation of IMF compared to LFM. For 24 August 2005 event, we found the PCP reach up to 550 and 440 kV and the viscous potential reached up to 120 and 110 kV for BATS‐R‐US and LFM, respectively. Similarly, for 24 November 2001 event PCP reached up to 800 and 400 kV and viscous potential reached up to 300 and 200 kV, respectively, for BATS‐R‐US and LFM.
A Cloud Detection Algorithm Over Land Based on the Polarized Characteristics Difference Between Cloudless and Cloud Targets
Authors: Gao Xin , Hu Xiuqing , Fang Wei , Yin Dekui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe accurate identification of cloud over land is one of the key issues of the satellite data processing and the product retrievals. This paper describes a new cloud detection algorithm based on Level 1 data of Polarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectance. The simulation of multiangular normalized polarized reflectance is done for cloudless targets over land before the cloud identification processing. First, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index over land and reflectance of 670 nm are used as two initial criterions for the cloud mask. Then, the difference between the simulation and Polarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectance observation of polarized reflectance is used as the third criterion to distinguish cloudless pixels from cloud ones. And this algorithm is proved to be more convenient and effective. This algorithm is also applied to cloud mask processing of the Multi‐Angular Polarization Imager (onboard the Tiangong‐2) observation. The results show that this algorithm can effectively detect cloud targets over land, and its consistency with Polarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectance official cloud mask products is about 90%. This algorithm can provide reliable cloud mask products for the retrieval of optical and physical properties of land aerosol using Multi‐Angular Polarization Imager data.
Selective control of surface spin current in topological pyrite-type OsX2 (X = Se, Te) crystals
Authors: Yin Yuefeng , Fuhrer Michael S. , Medhekar Nikhil V. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTopological materials host robust surface states that could form the basis for future electronic devices. As such states have spins that are locked to the momentum, they are of particular interest for spintronic applications. Understanding spin textures of the surface states of topologically nontrivial materials, and being able to manipulate their polarization, is therefore essential if they are to be utilized in future technologies. Here we use first-principles calculations to show that pyrite-type crystals OsX2 (X = Se, Te) are a class of topological materials that can host surface states with spin polarization that can be either in-plane or out-of-plane. We show that the formation of low-energy states with symmetry-protected energy- and direction-dependent spin textures on the (001) surface of these materials is a consequence of a transformation from a topologically trivial to nontrivial state, induced by spin orbit interactions. The unconventional spin textures of these surface states feature an in-plane to out-of-plane spin polarization transition in the momentum space protected by local symmetries. Moreover, the surface spin direction and magnitude can be selectively filtered in specific energy ranges. Our demonstration of a new class of topological materials with controllable spin textures provides a platform for experimentalists to detect and exploit unconventional surface spin textures in future spin-based nanoelectronic devices.
City-scale car traffic and parking density maps from Uber Movement travel time data
Authors: Aryandoust Arsam , van Vliet Oscar , Patt Anthony 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCar parking is of central importance to congestion on roads and the urban planning process of optimizing road networks, pricing parking lots and planning land use. The efficient placement, sizing and grid connection of charging stations for electric cars makes it even more important to know the spatio-temporal distribution of car parking densities on the scale of entire cities. Here, we generate car parking density maps using travel time measurements only. We formulate a Hidden Markov Model that contains non-linear functional relationships between the changing average travel times among the zones of a city and both the traffic activity and flow direction probabilities of cars. We then sample the traffic flow for 1,000 cars per city zone for each city from these probability distributions and normalize the resulting spatial parking distribution of cars in each time step. Our results cover the years 2015–2018 for 34 cities worldwide. We validate the model for Melbourne and reach about 90% accuracy for parking densities and over 93% for circadian rhythms of traffic activity.
Detecting gas-rich hydrothermal vents in Ngozi Crater Lake using integrated exploration tools
Authors: Jolie Egbert 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGas-rich hydrothermal vents in crater lakes might pose an acute danger to people living nearby due to the risk of limnic eruptions as a result of gas accumulation in the water column. This phenomenon has been reported from several incidents, e.g., the catastrophic Lake Nyos limnic eruption. CO2 accumulation has been determined from a variety of lakes worldwide, which does not always evolve in the same way as in Lake Nyos and consequently requires a site-specific hazard assessment. This paper discusses the current state of Lake Ngozi in Tanzania and presents an efficient approach how major gas-rich hydrothermal feed zones can be identified based on a multi-disciplinary concept. The concept combines bathymetry, thermal mapping of the lake floor and gas emission studies on the water surface. The approach is fully transferable to other volcanic lakes, and results will help to identify high-risk areas and develop suitable monitoring and risk mitigation measures. Due to the absence of a chemical and thermal stratification of Lake Ngozi the risk of limnic eruptions is rather unlikely at present, but an adapted monitoring concept is strongly advised as sudden CO2 input into the lake could occur as a result of changes in the magmatic system.
Engineered models to parse apart the metastatic cascade
Authors: Hapach Lauren A. , Mosier Jenna A. , Wang Wenjun , Reinhart-King Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile considerable progress has been made in studying genetic and cellular aspects of metastasis with in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models, the driving mechanisms of each step of metastasis are still relatively unclear due to their complexity. Moreover, little progress has been made in understanding how cellular fitness in one step of the metastatic cascade correlates with ability to survive other subsequent steps. Engineered models incorporate tools such as tailored biomaterials and microfabrication to mimic human disease progression, which when coupled with advanced quantification methods permit comparisons to human patient samples and in vivo studies. Here, we review novel tools and techniques that have been recently developed to dissect key features of the metastatic cascade using primary patient samples and highly representative microenvironments for the purposes of advancing personalized medicine and precision oncology. Although improvements are needed to increase tractability and accessibility while faithfully simulating the in vivo microenvironment, these models are powerful experimental platforms for understanding cancer biology, furthering drug screening, and facilitating development of therapeutics.
Adipocyte metabolism is improved by TNF receptor-targeting small RNAs identified from dried nuts
Authors: Aquilano Katia , Ceci Veronica , Gismondi Angelo , De Stefano Susanna , Iacovelli Federico , Faraonio Raffaella , Di Marco Gabriele , Poerio Noemi , Minutolo Antonella , Minopoli Giuseppina , Marcone Antonia , Fraziano Maurizio , Tortolici Flavia , Sennato Simona , Casciardi Stefano , Potestà Marina , Bernardini Roberta , Mattei Maurizio , Falconi Mattia , Montesano Carla , Rufini Stefano , Canini Antonella , Lettieri-Barbato Daniele 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere is a growing interest in therapeutically targeting the inflammatory response that underlies age-related chronic diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. Through integrative small RNA sequencing, we show the presence of conserved plant miR159a and miR156c in dried nuts having high complementarity with the mammalian TNF receptor superfamily member 1a (Tnfrsf1a) transcript. We detected both miR159a and miR156c in exosome-like nut nanovesicles (NVs) and demonstrated that such NVs reduce Tnfrsf1a protein and dampen TNF-α signaling pathway in adipocytes. Synthetic single-stranded microRNAs (ss-miRs) modified with 2′-O-methyl group function as miR mimics. In plants, this modification naturally occurs on nearly all small RNAs. 2′-O-methylated ss-miR mimics for miR156c and miR159a decreased Tnfrsf1a protein and inflammatory markers in hypertrophic as well as TNF-α-treated adipocytes and macrophages. miR156c and miR159a mimics effectively suppress inflammation in mice, highlighting a potential role of plant miR-based, single-stranded oligonucleotides in treating inflammatory-associated metabolic diseases.
Die Rolle transfusionsmedizinischer Einrichtungen bei der Implementierung zugelassener CAR-T-Zell-Therapien
Authors: Humpe Andreas , Körper Sixten , Schäfer Richard , Klump Hannes , Worel Nina 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungÜber viele Dekaden hinweg war für die Behandlung hämatologischer Erkrankungen die einzige akzeptierte zelluläre Therapie die Transplantation von hämatopoetischen Stamm- und Progenitorzellpräparationen, autolog oder allogen, nach vorheriger Konditionierung als individualisierte Therapieform etabliert. Dabei impliziert diese Art der Therapie aus rechtlicher Sicht nur minimale Manipulationen der Transplantate (Zentrifugation, Konzentrierung, Verdünnung, immunmagnetische Anreicherung oder Depletionen, Kryokonservierung), sodass die Gewinnung, Verarbeitung, Qualitätskontrolle und Abgabe der Stammzell-/Immuntherapeutika zumeist komplett in der Hand transfusionsmedizinischer Institutionen liegen. Nach der Zulassung durch die Europäische Arzneimittelbehörde (EMA) im August 2018 sind erstmals kommerziell erhältliche, autologe chimäre Antigen-Rezeptor-T-Zellen (chimeric antigen receptor T cells, CAR-T cells) in Deutschland sowie einer Vielzahl anderer europäischer Länder für die individualisierte Therapie von Patienten mit ausgewählten malignen Neoplasien der B-Zell-Reihe verfügbar. Im Rahmen einer gemeinsamen Sitzung der Sektion „Stammzelltransplantation und Zelltherapie“ und der Sektion „Präparative und therapeutische Apherese“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhämatologie (DGTI) am 19.10.2018 in Frankfurt wurden mehrere Impulsvorträge zum Thema „Zugelassene CAR-T-Zell-Therapie ante portas: Rolle der Transfusionsmedizin“ gehalten. Dabei wurden die Themen Finanzierung und Kostenerstattung, regulatorische und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen sowie verschiedene Aspekte der notwendigen Verantwortungsabgrenzung zwischen dem Hersteller des Ausgangsmaterials, dem pharmazeutischen Unternehmen und dem klinischen Anwender ausführlich diskutiert.
Akute hämolytische Transfusionsreaktion durch ein Anti-s infolge verzögerter immunhämatologischer Diagnostik bis zum Eintritt eines hämorrhagischen Schocks
Authors: Zimmermann Robert , Strasser Erwin , Hackstein Holger 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungIm vergangenen Jahrzehnt kam es in den meisten Industrieländern, auch in Deutschland, zu tiefgreifenden Veränderungen in der klinischen Praxis der Hämotherapie. Die Indikationsstellung zur Erythrozytentransfusion erfolgt immer zurückhaltender. Der Verbrauch von Erythrozytenkonzentraten ist stark rückläufig. Gleichzeitig steigt auch die Zahl der Patienten, bei denen trotz geplanter Operation oder Intervention die präoperative bzw. präinterventionelle Bereitstellung von gekreuzten Blutkonserven unterbleibt. Wir berichten über einen 71-jährigen multimorbiden Patienten mit dilatativer Kardiomyopathie, stark reduzierter kardialer Reserve, Z. n. wenige Wochen zurückliegender Trikuspidalklappenersatz-Operation, laufender Antikoagulation mit Heparin und diagnostizierter Anämie mit Hämoglobinwerten zwischen 7 und 8 g/dl. Bei diesem Patienten kam es nach einer bereits mehrtägigen stationären Behandlung unerwartet zu einem hämorrhagischen Schock infolge einer Forrest-IIb-Blutung aus einem Ulcus duodeni. Im Rahmen der Notfallversorgung stellte sich heraus, dass jede transfusionsvorbereitende Diagnostik versäumt worden war. Die notfallmäßig bereitgestellten, ungekreuzten Erythrozytenkonzentrate der Blutgruppe 0 Rhesus-negativ lösten bei diesem Patienten eine akute hämolytische Transfusionsreaktion aus. Grund war ein zum Transfusionszeitpunkt nicht identifizierter irregulärer Antikörper gegen das Blutgruppenmerkmal s aus dem MNSs-Blutgruppensystem. Akute hämolytische Transfusionsreaktionen außerhalb des AB0-Systems sind eine seltene, dennoch grundsätzlich immer drohende Komplikation der Transfusion ungekreuzter Erythrozytenkonzentrate im lebensbedrohlichen Blutungsnotfall. Der Fall zeigt, dass der Wunsch, eine restriktive Transfusionspraxis zu befolgen, nicht dazu führen darf, im Einzelfall Konstellationen zu übersehen, die selbstverständlich die rechtzeitige Vornahme einer prätransfusionellen Diagnostik mit Blutgruppenbestimmung, Antikörpersuche und Antikörperidentifizierung erfordern. Nach unserer Meinung nimmt die Frequenz vergleichbarer Ereignisse in einem Ausmaß zu, das es nahelegt, solche Fehler im klinischen Behandlungsgeschehen nicht nur in CIRS-Systemen zu bearbeiten, sondern sie auch in den Hämovigilanzsystemen zu erfassen.