bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Picky carnivorous plants? Investigating preferences for preys’ trophic levels – a stable isotope natural abundance approach with two terrestrial and two aquatic Lentibulariaceae tested in Central Europe
Authors: Klink Saskia , Giesemann Philipp , Gebauer Gerhard 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsStable isotope two-source linear mixing models are frequently used to calculate the nutrient-uptake efficiency of carnivorous plants from pooled prey. This study aimed to separate prey into three trophic levels as pooled prey limits statements about the contribution of a specific trophic level to the nutrition of carnivorous plants. Phytoplankton were used as an autotrophic reference for aquatic plants as the lack of suitable reference plants impedes calculation of their efficiency.MethodsTerrestrial (Pinguicula) and aquatic (Utricularia) carnivorous plants alongside autotrophic reference plants and potential prey from six sites in Germany and Austria were analysed for their stable isotope natural abundances (δ15N, δ13C). A two-source linear mixing model was applied to calculate the nutrient-uptake efficiency of carnivorous plants from pooled prey. Prey preferences were determined using a Bayesian inference isotope mixing model.Key ResultsPhytophagous prey represented the main contribution to the nutrition of Pinguicula (approx. 55 %), while higher trophic levels contributed a smaller amount (diverse approx. 27 %, zoophagous approx. 17 %). As well as around 48 % nitrogen, a small proportion of carbon (approx. 9 %) from prey was recovered in the tissue of plants. Aquatic Utricularia australis received 29 % and U. minor 21 % nitrogen from zooplankton when applying phytoplankton as the autotrophic reference.ConclusionsThe separation of prey animals into trophic levels revealed a major nutritional contribution of lower trophic level prey (phytophagous) for temperate Pinguicula species. Naturally, prey of higher trophic levels (diverse, zoophagous) are rarer, resulting in a smaller chance of being captured. Phytoplankton represents an adequate autotrophic reference for aquatic systems to estimate the contribution of zooplankton-derived nitrogen to the tissue of carnivorous plants. The autonomous firing of Utricularia bladders results in the additional capture of phytoplankton, calling for new aquatic references to determine the nutritional importance of phytoplankton for aquatic carnivorous plants.
Cardiac sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 is a novel mediator of ischaemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Zhao , Agrawal Vineet , Ramratnam Mohun , Sharma Ravi K , D’Auria Stephen , Sincoular Abigail , Jakubiak Margurite , Music Meredith L , Kutschke William J , Huang Xueyin N , Gifford Lindsey , Ahmad Ferhaan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsWe previously reported that sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) is highly expressed in cardiomyocytes and is further up-regulated in ischaemia. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which SGLT1 contributes to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods and resultsMice with cardiomyocyte-specific knockdown of SGLT1 (TGSGLT1-DOWN) and wild-type controls were studied. In vivo, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated for 30 min and reperfused for 48 h. Ex vivo, isolated perfused hearts were exposed to 20 min no-flow and up to 2 h reperfusion. In vitro, HL-1 cells and isolated adult murine ventricular cardiomyocytes were exposed to 1 h hypoxia and 24 h reoxygenation (H/R). We found that TGSGLT1-DOWN hearts were protected from I/R injury in vivo and ex vivo, with decreased infarct size, necrosis, dysfunction, and oxidative stress. 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation increased SGLT1 expression, which was abolished by extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) inhibition. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that ERK, but not AMPK, interacts directly with SGLT1. AMPK activation increased binding of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 and specificity protein 1 transcription factors to the SGLT1 gene, and HuR to SGLT1 mRNA. In cells, up-regulation of SGLT1 during H/R was abrogated by AMPK inhibition. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that SGLT1 interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and EGFR interacts with protein kinase C (PKC). SGLT1 overexpression activated PKC and NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), which was attenuated by PKC inhibition, EGFR inhibition, and/or disruption of the interaction between EGFR and SGLT1.ConclusionDuring ischaemia, AMPK up-regulates SGLT1 through ERK, and SGLT1 interacts with EGFR, which in turn increases PKC and Nox2 activity and oxidative stress. SGLT1 may represent a novel therapeutic target for mitigating I/R injury.
Changes in Mortality Involving Extended-Release and Long-Acting Opioids After Implementation of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy
Authors: Black Joshua C , Bau Gabrielle E , Rosen Travis , Cepeda M Soledad , Wedin Gregory P , Green Jody L , Dart Richard C 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
To assess changes in mortality rates in extended-release and long-acting (ER/LA) opioid analgesics after the implementation of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS).

Setting
All drug poisoning deaths in three states: Florida, Oregon, and Washington. Data were obtained through state vital records offices and the Researched Abuse, Diversion and Addiction-Related Surveillance System Medical Examiner Program.

Methods
Using cause-of-death literal text from death certificates, individual opioid active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) involved in each death were identified using rules-based natural language processing. Population-adjusted and prescriptions dispensed–adjusted mortality rates were calculated for all ER/LA opioid analgesic and individual opioid APIs. Rates before and after implementation of the REMS were compared. Rate changes were compared with rates from two APIs with little or no inclusion in the REMS: benzodiazepines and hydrocodone.

Results
The mean ER/LA opioid analgesic population-adjusted mortality rate significantly decreased in all three states (FL: P = 0.003; OR: P = 0.003; WA: P &lt; 0.001). Mortality rates for benzodiazepines and hydrocodone also decreased and were not statistically different. Significant heterogeneity in mortality rates of individual opioids was observed between the three states. When adjusted for prescription volume, the ER/LA opioid analgesic mortality rate decreased in all three states, but was significant only for Washington (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
The population-adjusted mortality rate of ER/LA opioid analgesics has decreased in three states. Notably, the contributions to mortality rates by individual opioid analgesics were not uniform across the three states in this study. However, these changes were not generally distinct from changes in mortality rates where comparator substances were involved.
Ultra High-frequency Ultrasonographic Imaging with 70 MHz Scanner for Visualization of the Lymphatic Vessels
Authors: Hayashi Akitatsu , Giacalone Guido , Yamamoto Takumi , Belva Florence , Visconti Giuseppe , Hayashi Nobuko , Handa Mayumi , Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Salgarello Marzia 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Identification and localization of functional lymphatic vessels are important for lymphaticovenular anastomosis. Conventional high-frequency ultrasound (CHFUS) has been reported to be useful for them, but it has some disadvantages. In this article, we present new capabilities of ultra high-frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) for imaging of the lymphatic vessels, which may overcome the weakness of CHFUS.

Methods:
Thirty unaffected extremities in 30 unilateral secondary lymphedema patients (13 upper limbs and 17 lower limbs) were examined. Identification of the lymphatic vessels using UHFUS and CHFUS were performed at 3 sites in each unaffected extremity. Number and diameter of the detected lymphatic vessels were compared between UHFUS and CHFUS groups. At the same time, new characteristics of the lymphatic vessels seen with UHFUS were investigated.

Results:
One hundred sixty-nine lymphatic vessels were detected with UHFUS, and 118 lymphatic vessels with CHFUS. The number of lymphatic vessels found in upper and lower extremities was significantly larger with UHFUS than with CHFUS. The diameter of lymphatic vessels found in upper and lower extremities was significantly smaller with UHFUS than with CHFUS. All lymphatic vessels that were detected in UFHUS were less likely to collapse when the transducer was against the skin of the examined sites.

Conclusions:
Detection rate of the lymphatic vessels in nonlymphedematous extremities with UHFUS was higher than that with CHFUS. UHFUS provides images with extremely high resolution, demonstrating new characteristics of the lymphatic vessels.
High-throughput task to study memory recall during spatial navigation in rodents
Authors: Morales Lucia , Tomàs David P. , Dalmau Josep , de la Rocha Jaime , Jercog Pablo E. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSpatial navigation is the most frequently used behavioral paradigm to study hippocampal dependent memory formation in rodents. However, commonly used tasks can present some limitations: i) they are labor intensive, preventing the implementation of parallel testing for high-throughput experimentation; ii) yield a low number of repeated trials, curtailing the statistical power; iii) are hard to combine with neural recordings, because tethering sometimes interferes with behavior; iv) are not based on overt behavioral responses that can be precisely timed, making difficult the identification of the underlying neural events; v) produce a low spatial coverage, limiting the characterization of neuronal patterns related to spatial information. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a spatial memory task that required minimal human intervention, allowed simultaneous and unsupervised testing of several mice, and yielded a high number of recall trials per session (up to ~20). Moreover, because recall sessions could be repeated over many days, the task provided enough statistical power to characterize in detail the animals behavior during memory recall, even to quantify the decay in spatial accuracy of memories as they are stacked across days. In addition, the task is compatible with neural activity recordings. Together, these features make our task a valuable tool to start dissecting the neural circuit dynamics underlying spatial memory recall.
Residents’ attitudes to tourism: a review
Authors: Hadinejad Arghavan , D. Moyle Brent , Scott Noel , Kralj Anna , Nunkoo Robin 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore recent trends in the theories and methods applied to studies on residents’ attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the objective of this research, this paper provides a review of 90 journal articles on residents’ attitudes towards tourism published between 2011 and 2017. The relevant articles were then analysed using content analysis.

Findings
Key findings revealed that although social exchange theory is still dominant in exploring residents’ attitudes towards tourism, new frameworks are beginning to emerge such as institutional theory and bottom-up spillover theory. Nonetheless, alternative theoretical perspective has only been applied once or twice and requires further engagement. Quantitative methods still dominate the field, with the geographic dispersal of studies spanning 33 countries.

Research limitations/implications
A potential limitation of this review is that articles published only in four leading tourism journals, namely, ATR, JTR, TM and JOST, were analysed.

Originality/value
This review contributes to the literature in tourism by assessing the shift in the application of theory and methodological approaches in residents’ attitudes studies from previous systematic reviews. This study adds to the body of knowledge by providing an overview of the existing status of research on residents’ attitudes towards tourism, providing direction for future scholarly inquiry. A further contribution of this review is an indication of not only the data collection methods but also data analysis techniques which have not been done in previous review articles on residents’ attitudes towards tourism. As opposed to other systematic reviews, this paper assessed the geographical setting of studies on residents’ attitudes towards tourism.
Mechanisms underlying effects of kiwifruit on intestinal function shown by MRI in healthy volunteers
Authors: Wilkinson‐Smith Victoria , Dellschaft Neele , Ansell Juliet , Hoad Caroline , Marciani Luca , Gowland Penny , Spiller Robin 
Published: February 2019

SummaryBackgroundChronic constipation affects approximately 17% of the population worldwide and remains an important unmet need since patients are often dissatisfied with treatment. Kiwifruit may offer an alternative to traditional laxatives and have been shown to increase stool volume, frequency and improve consistency.AimsUsing non‐invasive MRI techniques, we assessed the effect of ingestion of kiwifruit on fluid distribution in the intestines and bowel function.MethodsTwo period crossover trial of kiwifruit vs control in healthy adults. Intervention: two kiwifruits twice daily vs isocaloric control (maltodextrin) twice daily, consumed for a total of 3 days. Subjects underwent MRI scanning fasted and at hourly intervals for 7 hours on the third day. Primary outcome: T1 relaxation time of ascending colon (T1AC) using MRI. Secondary outcomes: Small bowel water content (SBWC), colonic volume, gut transit time, T1 of descending colon, stool frequency and form.ResultsFourteen volunteers completed the study. T1AC was higher after kiwifruit ingestion (P = 0.029) during the second half of the day (when meal residue would be expected to reach the AC, AUC T1 T240‐420 minutes; mean (SD) 137 (39) s*minute with kiwifruit versus 108 (40) s*minute with control. SBWC (P < 0.001), colon volumes (P = 0.004), as well as stool frequency (1.46 ± 0.66 with kiwifruit vs 1.14 ± 0.46 stools per day with control; P = 0.034) and stool form score (Bristol Stool Chart score 4.1 (0.9) with kiwifruit versus 3.4 (0.7) with control; P = 0.011) were markedly increased in participants consuming kiwifruit compared to control.ConclusionConsumption of kiwifruit in healthy volunteers increases water retention in the small bowel and ascending colon and increases total colonic volume. The data may explain the observed increase in stool frequency and looser stool consistencies, suggesting that kiwifruit could be used as a dietary alternative to laxatives in mild constipation.
Influence of work excitement and workplace violence on professional commitment and turnover intention among hospital nurses
Authors: Chang Yuan‐Ping , Lee De‐Chih , Chang Shu‐Chen , Lee Yi‐Hua , Wang Hsiu‐Hung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAim and objectivesThis study aimed to determine the influence of work excitement, workplace violence and the violence prevention climate on professional commitment and turnover intention.BackgroundWorkplace violence can easily cause the quality of nursing care to decline. Improvements in the working environment and working conditions can improve nurses’ professional commitment and satisfaction.DesignA cross‐sectional multicentre study with convenience sampling was conducted. We have complied with the guidelines of STROBE Checklist in presenting this research.MethodsOut of 900 questionnaires, 696 were deemed valid for analysis (77.33%). This study collected data on sociodemographic information, experiences of workplace violence, professional commitment, work excitement, violence prevention climate and turnover intention.ResultsThe results show that professional commitment has a significant effect on turnover intention. Professional commitment positively influences work excitement, especially when the work is challenging and varied. It also indirectly influences turnover intention by generating work excitement. Workplace violence introduces an interactive moderating effect on the relationship between professional commitment and work excitement. A violence prevention climate changes the interactive moderating effect of workplace violence on professional commitment, which in turn influences turnover intention.ConclusionsPositive work experience, institutional organisational policies and support systems are the mediating and moderating factors in the relationship between professional commitment and turnover intention. Nurses expect organisations to maintain good staff relations, provide a positive working environment and learning opportunities and strengthen communication channels, all of which affect nurse retention.Relevance to clinical practiceWorkplace violence is a serious crisis that can lead to turnover intention among hospital nurses. To enhance interpersonal relationships in the workplace and improve nurse retention, hospitals should schedule an adequate amount of staff and provide sufficient equipment and supplies to create a safe and positive work environment.
Optimal Hemodynamics During Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Are Associated With Reduced Readmission Rates
Authors: Imamura Teruhiko , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Kim Gene , Raikhelkar Jayant , Sarswat Nitasha , Kalantari Sara , Smith Bryan , Rodgers Daniel , Besser Stephanie , Chung Ben , Nguyen Ann , Narang Nikhil , Ota Takeyoshi , Song Tae , Juricek Colleen , Mehra Mandeep , Costanzo Maria Rosa , Jorde Ulrich P. , Burkhoff Daniel , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy improves the hemodynamics of advanced heart failure patients. However, it is unknown whether hemodynamic optimization improves clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hemodynamic optimization reduces hospital readmission rate in LVAD patients.

Methods and Results:

LVAD patients undergoing an invasive hemodynamic ramp test were prospectively enrolled and followed for 1 year. LVAD speed was optimized using a ramp test, targeting the following goals: central venous pressure <12 mm Hg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure <18 mm Hg, and cardiac index >2.2 L/(min·m
2
). The frequency and cause of hospital readmissions were compared between patients who achieved (optimized group) or did not achieve (nonoptimized group) these goals. Eighty-eight outpatients (median 61 years old, 53 male) underwent ramp testing 236 days after LVAD implantation, and 54 (61%) had optimized hemodynamics after LVAD speed adjustment. One-year survival after the ramp study was comparable in both groups (89% versus 88%). The total hospital readmission rate was lower in the optimized group compared with the nonoptimized group (1.15 versus 2.86 events/y,
P
<0.001). This result was predominantly because of a reduction in the heart failure readmission rate in the optimized group (0.08 versus 0.71 events/y,
P
=0.016).

Conclusions:
LVAD patients, in whom hemodynamics were optimized, had a significantly lower rate of hospital readmissions, primarily because of fewer heart failure admissions. These findings highlight the importance of achieving hemodynamic optimization in LVAD patients.
Pregnancy outcomes, fertility, and family planning in women with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Eudy Amanda M , McDaniel Gary , Clowse Megan EB 
Published: February 2019

Objective To quantify pregnancy outcomes and the frequency and cause of infertility among women with psoriatic arthritis. Methods Women with psoriatic arthritis aged 20–50 years completed a questionnaire about prior pregnancies, infertility, and family planning. Patient-reported pregnancy outcomes were validated by chart review. Results In 40 women with psoriatic arthritis, 67% of 70 pregnancies were live births. Patient-reported preterm birth and preeclampsia were more common after psoriatic arthritis diagnosis but were significantly over-reported. Most women reported no or mild joint pain during pregnancy and few took medications for psoriatic arthritis. Infertility was reported by 36% of women who were ever pregnant or ever tried to become pregnant, primarily due to polycystic ovary syndrome. Conclusion The patient-reported pregnancy outcomes in this retrospective survey were not supported by chart review, making prospective studies essential to understand the interaction of psoriatic arthritis and pregnancy. Infertility, particularly due to polycystic ovary syndrome, appears to be an important issue in this population.
From Right to Permission: Asylum, Mediterranean Migrations, and Europe’s War on Smuggling
Authors: Albahari Maurizio 
Published: February 2019

The European Union (EU) and its member states have sought to curb unauthorized maritime migrant arrivals through a proactive combination of deterrence, intelligence, surveillance, anti-smuggling activities, border enforcement, and policing and readmission collaboration with Turkey, Libya, and Libya’s African neighbors. Through these actions, the right to seek asylum is being de facto transformed into a state-granted permission to seek asylum. Containment policies ensure that one cannot ask for sovereign permission without first paying smugglers. In support of their policies, EU and national authorities widely use an anti-smuggling discourse that focuses on the ruthlessness of smugglers and the passive victimhood of migrants, including asylum seekers and refugees. This rhetoric aligns itself with what is perceived to be politically palatable, and it contributes to preserving a volatile status quo. EU and national policies have failed to significantly curb maritime arrivals. Migrants face worsened conditions on Libyan soil, and death at sea. In recent memory, 2011 was seen as the deadliest year on record for Mediterranean migrations, only to be surpassed first by 2014 and then by 2016. During 2017, at least 3,119 persons died or went missing in the Mediterranean Sea ( UNHCR 2017b ). Deterrence, containment, and the related war on smuggling prove ineffective and do not justify such a heavy cost. They quell the outrage cyclically generated by powerful images of Mediterranean carnage, even as they fail to mitigate the carnage itself. European and other liberal-democratic governments can act in more pragmatic, just, and dignified ways, including by attending to migrant agency and to local civic engagements. Provisions for family reunification, refugee resettlement, study visas, and temporary protection should be enhanced. More ambitiously, governments need to reverse the very policies that eviscerate the right to seek asylum. In addition, labor immigration quotas should be set that go beyond attracting skilled “talent” and seasonal workers, to reflect the demands of the job market and of Europe’s ageing societies, while protecting worker rights. Such measures would lessen unauthorized arrivals and the demand for smugglers, ease asylum workloads, and challenge nativist arguments. There is always a political market for effective policies such as these, but until European authorities begin to reject easy resort to tropes of ruthless smuggler criminality, that market will remain disturbingly untapped.