bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of digital radiographic measurements for the diagnosis of acute laminitis
Authors: Skelton Georgia , Acutt Elizabeth , Stefanovski Darko , van Eps Andrew 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTraditional radiographic measurements of distal phalanx (Pd) displacement based on the outer hoof wall are not useful for diagnosis of acute laminitis.ObjectivesWe hypothesised that the distance between the inner hoof wall and Pd (‘lamellar lucent zone’; LLZ) measured on lateromedial digital radiographs would be increased in horses with acute and subacute laminitis compared with healthy horses.Study designRetrospective cohort study and in vivo experimental study.MethodsForelimb radiographs from 32 healthy and 18 laminitic mixed‐breed horses were analysed retrospectively. Laminitis was defined by at least two clinical signs (acute multi‐limb lameness, increased digital pulse amplitude and/or persistently warm hooves) for ≤3 days (acute), or >3 and ≤14 days (subacute) duration, without overt palmar rotation (≥3°), remodelling, or distal displacement of the Pd. Some laminitic limbs initially classified as acute were subsequently radiographed later in hospitalisation and also included as subacute. Twelve measurements including LLZ at proximal, middle, and distal locations were performed on 126 forelimb radiographs that met the criteria for acute laminitis (n = 39), subacute laminitis (n = 23) or healthy control (n = 64). A mixed effects linear regression model was used for comparisons and a receiver‐operator characteristic (ROC) curve was created for select measurements. Three horses were serially radiographed to study the impact of magnification and obliquity.ResultsThe mean [95% confidence interval] LLZ (mm) was increased in acute and subacute laminitis compared with control in the proximal (acute = 8.8 [8.4–9.2]; subacute = 9 [8–9.9]; control = 7.3 [7–7.7]), middle (acute = 8.9 [8.5–9.3]; subacute = 9.1 [8.2–10]; control = 6.9 [6.5–7.2]), and distal (acute = 9.1 [8.5–9.7]; subacute = 10.2 [9.1–11.3]; control = 7.5 [7.2–7.8]) dorsal lamellar regions (p < 0.001). At a cut‐off of >7.5 mm for middle LLZ, sensitivity was 87% [73%–94%] and specificity 91% [81%–96%] for diagnosis of acute laminitis. Using the ratio of middle LLZ to distal phalanx cortical length, sensitivity was 95% [81%–99%] and specificity was 95% [87%–99%] (cut‐off >0.11). Magnification and obliquity affected absolute LLZ measurements but did not alter LLZ ratios.Main limitationsNo histological confirmation of laminitis.ConclusionsLLZ measurements are potentially useful for radiographic diagnosis of acute and subacute laminitis.
Experimental and Analytical Investigations of Crack Removal Phenomenon in Highly Deformable Rubbers Weakened by a Crack and Loaded in Mode‐I Conditions
Authors: Enteshari Mehrdad , Heydari‐Meybodi Mahdi , Choupani Naghdali , Ayatollahi Majid R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA physical phenomenon called “crack removal” is investigated for highly deformable rubbery materials containing a pre‐existing crack under uniaxial pure mode‐I loading. In this case, the stress concentration significantly diminishes and in a specific stage of loading, the specimen behaves as a sample which has no apparent effect from the initial sharp crack and thus nearly undergoes uniaxial state of stress until its final rupture. To explore this phenomenon that has not been previously explored, theoretical and experimental investigations were carried out in the current study. In the experimental part, due to the lack of pertinent experimental data for crack removal phenomenon, a series of mode‐I fracture tests were carried out on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) containing 15 phr carbon black. In the theoretical part, an energy‐based criterion was proposed for detecting the crack removal load and subsequently, for predicting the final rupture load in such materials. For implementation of this criterion, non‐linear finite element analyses were performed. The results confirm very good ability of the proposed criterion for predicting the crack removal and final rupture phases in rubber‐like materials having high deformability.
Financialisation, Underemployment and the Disconnected Greek Capitalism
Authors: Gouzoulis Giorgos , Iliopoulos Panagiotis (Takis) , Galanis Giorgos 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRecent contributions within the disconnected capitalism literature argue that personal financial insecurity related to household indebtedness and pension fund financialisation is positively associated with time‐related underemployment. This is because financially insecure workers are more likely to accept worsening working conditions on the fear of losing their job and defaulting on their debts. Using quarterly data from the Eurostat for the period 2008Q3–2020Q4, this paper shows that the persistent rise of time‐related underemployment rates in postcrisis Greece is robustly associated with the household debt ratio and pension fund investments in financial derivatives. We also demonstrate that while the effects of financialisation are similar for men and women, the employment‐tied and gendered nature of social benefits in the country has disproportionately affected women in the context of austerity. The paper concludes that personal financial insecurity is a key missing factor behind rising time‐related underemployment in Greece since 2008.
Risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes or obesity treated with tirzepatide: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gong Jie , Gao Fengwei , Jiang Kangyi , Xie Qingyun , Zhao Xin , Lei Zehua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the risk of biliary diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or obesity treated with tirzepatide.MethodsLiterature searches were performed using the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases until 20 May 2024. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) investigating the safety of tirzepatide vs placebo/other hypoglycemic drugs in patients with T2DM or obesity were included. The safety outcomes mainly included the incidence of cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and gallbladder/biliary diseases. Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias was used to assess the quality of literature. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics.ResultsA total of 12 high‐quality RCTs (involving 12,351 patients) were included. The results of meta‐analysis showed that tirzepatide was associated with gallbladder/biliary diseases (RR = 1.52; 95%CI: 1.17–1.98; I2 = 0%, P = 0.76) and cholelithiasis (RR = 1.67; 95%CI: 1.14–2.44; I2 = 0%, P = 0.95). Subgroup analysis based on the dose of tirzepatide found no dose–response relationship between different doses of tirzepatide and the risk of gallbladder/biliary diseases and cholelithiasis.ConclusionsBased on the data currently available, tirzepatide is associated with the development of cholelithiasis in patients. However, the findings from RCTs still need to be further investigated in many post‐marketing safety surveillance programs.
Effects of Egg on Cake Batter Rheology and Sponge Cake Texture
Authors: Inanlar Batuhan , Altay Filiz 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe physical, rheological, and textural properties of cake batters and cakes made from three different eggs were studied. The compositions of the egg samples are significantly different (p < 0.05), except for their fat contents. The flow characteristics of the cake batters showed pseudoplastic behavior with time dependency. In the frequency sweep test, the G" values were lower than the G' values at low frequencies and vice versa at high frequencies. The G" values of the samples decreased with the water content of the egg samples. While the sample with the highest amount of water showed less viscous batter properties, it yielded a cake structure with more moisture and less hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, and springiness properties. The G' and G" moduli decreased for all cake batters in the temperature sweep tests. Eggs with high protein and low water contents should be preferred for consumer acceptance.
Cardiometabolic risk factors and coronary atherosclerosis progression in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease: the influential role of quantity over type
Authors: Kim Aryoung , Kang Danbee , Choi Sung Chul , Sinn Dong Hyun , Gwak Geum‐Youn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimIndividuals with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) who are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are critical to identify and manage. We aimed to assess whether the risk of CVD in patients with MASLD differed according to the type or number of cardiometabolic risk factors.MethodsThis longitudinal cohort study involved 5674 adults who underwent at least two health checkups between 2004 and 2021. Steatotic liver disease (SLD) was assessed using ultrasonography and participants with SLD were classified as having either non‐MASLD or MASLD. CVD risk was evaluated using coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression as measured using multidetector computed tomography scans.ResultsOver an average 5.8‐year follow‐up period, patients with MASLD exhibited faster CAC progression than those with non‐MASLD (18% vs 11%, P < 0.01). MASLD with any cardiometabolic risk factor exacerbated CAC progression; however, the degree of CAC progression was similar among the different risk components. The adjusted ratios (95% CI) of CAC progression rates comparing non‐MASLD with MASLD with one, two, three, four, and five cardiometabolic risk factors were 1.02 (0.99, 1.06), 1.04 (1.01, 1.08), 1.07 (1.03, 1.10), 1.08 (1.05, 1.11), and 1.11 (1.07, 1.15), respectively.ConclusionsIn individuals with MASLD, all cardiometabolic risk factors contributed to the deterioration of coronary atherosclerosis, with no specific factor exerting a dominant influence. Coronary atherosclerosis progression is directly associated with the cumulative number of cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore, identifying and managing an increasing number of these factors is imperative in clinical practice, even when MASLD is diagnosed based on only one risk factor.
Incidence of Cholecystitis After Endoscopic Biliary Drainage Using a Low Axial Force Covered Self‐Expandable Metallic Stent in Patients With Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Minato Naoki , Okuwaki Kosuke , Watanabe Masafumi , Woo Jun , Matsumoto Takaaki , Tadehara Masayoshi , Kaneko Toru , Ishizaki Junro , Iwai Tomohisa , Imaizumi Hiroshi , Kida Mitsuhiro , Haradome Hiroki , Kusano Chika 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimNo prospective studies have verified the incidence of cholecystitis in patients using the covered self‐expandable metallic stent. In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of cholecystitis and its risk factors after low axial force covered self‐expandable metallic stent placement for malignant distal biliary obstruction.MethodsThis multicenter prospective study included patients diagnosed with unresectable distal biliary obstruction between November 2019 and October 2022 who underwent low axial force covered self‐expandable metallic stent placement.ResultsThe technical success in the 93 analyzed patients was 100% and clinical success was 98.9%. The 70‐mm covered self‐expandable metallic stent was the most used in 53 patients (57.0%), followed by the 80‐mm type in 27 patients (29.0%), 60‐mm type in 12 patients (12.9%), and 50‐mm type in 1 patient (1.1%). Cholecystitis after covered self‐expandable metallic stent placement occurred in six patients (6.5%). The median time to onset was 46 days (range, 16–315 days), with 1 case in the early stage and five cases in the late stage. There was one mild case, one moderate case, and four severe cases. The presence of tumor involvement at the orifice of the cystic duct was identified as an independent risk factor (odds ratio, 17.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–195.1; p = 0.023).ConclusionsThe presence of tumor involvement at the orifice of the cystic duct was an independent risk factor for the development of cholecystitis after low axial covered self‐expandable metallic stent placement.Trial registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) (http://www.umin.ac.jp, registration number: UMIN 000038209)
Adaptation, calibration, and validation of a cognitive assessment battery for telephone and video administration
Authors: Joffe Yonah , Liu Julianna , Arias Franchesca , Tommet Douglas , Fong Tamara G. , Schmitt Eva M. , Travison Thomas , Kunicki Zachary J. , Inouye Sharon K. , Jones Richard N. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundEvents such as global pandemics can force rapid adoption of new modes of assessment. We describe the evaluation of a modified neuropsychological assessment for web and telephone administration.MethodsTelephone and video conferencing‐based neuropsychological assessment procedures were developed and implemented within an ongoing observational study, the Successful Aging following Elective Surgery II (SAGES) study (N = 420 persons). Repeated cognitive assessments were used (N = 2008 observations). Analyses using latent variable psychometric methods were used to compare the measurement modes, and a nested validation sub‐study (N = 100 persons) was used to test for measurement equivalence. We used item response theory methods to calibrate data collected by different assessment modes. Measurement equivalence was assessed with Bland–Altman plots and regression analysis.ResultsOnly small differences were detected between in‐person and video modes of assessment. The largest difference among factor loadings was shared for the Boston Naming Test and Visual Search and attention test, but the effects were very small (Cohen's q = 0.06) and not statistically significant (95% confidence interval on q, −0.06, +0.18). In terms of item difficulty differences between in‐person and video, the Digit Span Backwards test was less difficult by video with a small‐to‐moderate effect size (Cohen's d of −0.28, 95% CI, −0.54, −0.01). The contrast of in‐person and telephone assessment was larger, with telephone assessment being less difficult than in‐person (largest shift in item difficulty for digit span backwards, d = −1.12 95% CI −1.35, −0.90). Calibrated scores from telephone and videoconference demonstrated good agreement (r = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61, 0.80), and the differences could be corrected with latent variable measurement models.ConclusionsVideoconference based neuropsychological assessment can be as precise as in‐person. Calibration of ability estimates using latent variable measurement models can address measurement differences and generate scores without evidence of systematic bias.
Keloid Formation and Any Skin Complications in Patients Treated With Isotretinoin and Undergone Any Skin‐Related Procedures
Authors: Latifaltojar Raha , Pour Mohammad Arash , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIsotretinoin is widely used for moderate to severe acne vulgaris. Despite its broad application, isotretinoin carries a risk of permanent scarring and keloid formation following various skin procedures. As a result, a delay of at least 6–12 months after completing or discontinuing isotretinoin treatment is commonly recommended before undergoing skin procedures.AimsThis study aims to evaluate the necessity of delaying skin procedures performed concurrently with or soon after isotretinoin treatment at different dosages in patients with acne vulgaris, based on the dermatological side effects associated with combination therapy.MethodsA literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases for original studies up until June 2023.ResultsA total of 34 eligible studies, including 1563 patients treated with isotretinoin, were reviewed to assess the timing of various skin procedures, safe dosages, and potential adverse effects, such as keloid formation and persistent hyperpigmentation which were reported in a few cases.ConclusionsBased on our review, there is insufficient evidence to support delaying laser hair removal, ablative fractional lasers, nonablative fractional lasers, superficial to medium‐depth chemical peels, manual dermabrasion, cutaneous surgeries, fractional microneedling radiofrequency, microdermabrasion, and dermaroller treatments. However, fully ablative lasers, mechanical dermabrasion, and ablative radiofrequency procedures are not recommended during isotretinoin use. Further studies are needed to establish the safety and optimal interval for these procedures. For all skin procedures, especially more aggressive and deeper ones, a lower dose of isotretinoin is recommended.
Why and when servant leadership spurs followers to speak up: A conservation of resources perspective
Authors: Lin Xiaoshuang , Wu Chia‐Huei , Hirst Giles , Chen (George) Zhen Xiong , Duan Jinyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractServant leadership has been found to motivate followers to express constructive voice, but why is this the case? Studies so far have identified a ‘can do’ mechanism that enables followers to speak up and a ‘reason to’ mechanism that promote their willingness to do so. Nevertheless, these mechanisms have not considered the role of servant leadership in energizing both leaders and followers, which facilitates followers' constructive voice through an ‘energized to’ mechanism. This study aims to unpack the ‘energized to’ mechanism to understand how and when servant leadership can motivate followers' constructive voice. Drawing from conservation of resources theory, we propose that servant leadership can contribute to both leaders' and followers' energy, particularly among leaders with higher self‐regulation ability. In turn, elevated energy levels in leaders and followers will promote followers' constructive voice. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a time‐lagged supervisor–subordinate matched survey. Results show that servant leadership increases both leaders and followers' energy and then followers' constructive voice, but this effect is observed only among leaders with high self‐regulation ability. This research offers new insights into how and when servant leadership not only energizes followers but also benefits the leaders themselves.
Being a family supportive team leader: Implications for team emotional climate and performance
Authors: Russo Marcello , Montani Francesco , Morandin Gabriele , Grenier Simon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe impact of family‐supportive supervision at the team level has largely not been explored. Since teams are the cornerstone of organizational effectiveness, it is critical to understand how family‐supportive managers can lead teams to achieve higher performance. We develop and test a team‐level moderated mediation model that unpacks the team‐level impact of Family Supportive Supervisor Behaviours (FSSB) on team performance. Drawing on Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we hypothesize that a team's other‐focused emotional climate mediates the positive effects of team FSSB on team performance and that managers' relational job characteristics attenuate the positive influence of team FSSB. Results from a two‐wave, multi‐source study of 435 employees and their managers across 56 electronic retail stores support our predictions. These findings advance current multi‐level theorizing on FSSB by shedding new light on how and when family‐supportive managers can drive team performance. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Joint SPX & VIX calibration with Gaussian polynomial volatility models: Deep pricing with quantization hints
Authors: Abi Jaber Eduardo , Illand Camille , Li Shaun (Xiaoyuan) 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe consider the joint SPX & VIX calibration within a general class of Gaussian polynomial volatility models in which the volatility of the SPX is assumed to be a polynomial function of a Gaussian Volterra process defined as a stochastic convolution between a kernel and a Brownian motion. By performing joint calibration to daily SPX & VIX implied volatility surface data between 2011 and 2022, we compare the empirical performance of different kernels and their associated Markovian and non‐Markovian models, such as rough and non‐rough path‐dependent volatility models. To ensure an efficient calibration and fair comparison between the models, we develop a generic unified method in our class of models for fast and accurate pricing of SPX & VIX derivatives based on functional quantization and neural networks. For the first time, we identify a conventional one‐factor Markovian continuous stochastic volatility model that can achieve remarkable fits of the implied volatility surfaces of the SPX & VIX together with the term structure of VIX Futures. What is even more remarkable is that our conventional one‐factor Markovian continuous stochastic volatility model outperforms, in all market conditions, its rough and non‐rough path‐dependent counterparts with the same number of parameters.
Dupilumab‐Associated Ocular Surface Disease in Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis: A Single‐Center Asian Experience
Authors: Yap Amanda Xin Yi , Tan Deborah , Koh Mark Jean‐Aan , Yang Lin Yi , Zhe Koh Yi , Wee Lynette Wei‐Yi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disorder presenting in childhood. Dupilumab is the first approved biologic agent for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe AD in pediatric populations. While generally well‐tolerated, dupilumab‐associated ocular surface disease (DAOSD) is a known complication. In severe cases, this may necessitate discontinuation of treatment.ObjectiveWe aim to describe DAOSD in our cohort of Asian pediatric patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD on dupilumab.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective review of children and adolescents on dupilumab for moderate‐to‐severe AD who developed ophthalmological complications from 2019 to 2024. Most patients had prophylactic lubricant eyedrops. Data collected and analyzed included demographics, ophthalmologic findings, treatment, and outcomes of eye condition.ResultsOf 216 patients treated with dupilumab, 16 (7.4%) developed ophthalmologist‐diagnosed DAOSD. All patients had co‐existing eyelid or head and neck eczema while 31.3% of these patients had pre‐existing eye conditions. Eye redness (87.5%) was the most common presenting symptom, followed by pruritus (43.8%) and eye discharge (25%). The most common eye finding was conjunctivitis (87.5%), followed by limbitis (62.5%) and papillary reaction (62.5%). Two patients required temporary interruption of dupilumab. No patients required discontinuation of dupilumab treatment. The median time to resolution of eye complications was 14 weeks.ConclusionIn a real‐world setting, the incidence and severity of DAOSD in pediatric patients appears to be lower than that of adults. Prophylactic use of lubricant eye drops, close monitoring and early referral to pediatric ophthalmologists can help reduce the incidence of severe eye disease requiring discontinuation of dupilumab.
The evolving practice of UK Government ministers
Authors: Andrews Leighton , Gilmore Sarah 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHow can understanding the practice of government ministers help us to understand changes in public administration over time? Interviews with former UK ministers suggest that their practice has changed over the last 25 years. Their executive role has been accentuated as they have come to emphasize the importance of delivery and implementation to policy making. Reasons for that are examined, and consideration is given to how that shift in emphasis affects the ministers–civil servant relationship.