bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventive Restructuring Frameworks
Authors: Veder Michael , Mennens Anne 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
On 22 November 2016, the European Commission launched a proposal for a restructuring and insolvency law directive. The Draft Directive marks a further step in the development of a European insolvency framework. The Draft Directive seeks to introduce into the laws of the Member States preventive restructuring frameworks that should enable debtors to restructure at an early stage, thereby avoiding insolvency. It contains provisions that promote a second chance or fresh start for honest entrepreneurs, as well as measures aimed at increasing the efficiency or restructuring, insolvency, and discharge proceedings. This chapter focuses on the preventive restructuring framework contemplated by the Draft Directive. Section 2 addresses the background to the Draft Directive. Section 3 we presents the justification for restructuring plans. Section IV analyzes the Commission's proposals for a preventive restructuring framework in more detail, and Section 5 contains some concluding observations.
Removing Cross-border Tax Barriers
Authors: Carpentieri Loredana , Micossi Stefano 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
To achieve a fully fledged capital market union, many legal and regulatory obstacles must be confronted and removed in order to harvest the full benefits of the freedom of capital movements. Amongst these obstacles, capital market investors and member states continue to single out withholding tax procedures as a long-standing and highly damaging barrier to cross-border investment. This chapter first analyzes the contents of the freedom of circulation of capital and the consequent prohibition of restrictions. It then considers tax derogations expressly envisaged to the free circulation of capital and the tax hurdles to cross-border investments, which mainly arise from withholding taxation of interest and dividend incomes and attendant procedures.
Can Creditor Bail-in Trigger Contagion? The Experience of an Emerging Market*
Authors: Havemann Roy 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The successful bail-in of creditors in African Bank, a small South African monoline lender, provides an opportunity to evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of new resolution tools. Using a dataset that matches quarterly, daily, and financial-instrument level data, I show that the bail-in led to money-market funds “breaking the buck”, triggering significant redemptions and some financial contagion. To limit potential systemic effects, the authorities used complementary interventions, including imposing discretionary liquidity restrictions on mutual funds and market-making facilities for affected financial instruments. This supported a sustainable restructuring of the bank and reduced financial spillovers. The lesson is that future interventions using these new resolution tools should take into account the potential unintended systemic implications, particularly in smaller jurisdictions where there is a high degree of interconnectedness between bank and nonbank financial institutions.
The Pathologisation of Women Who Kill: Three Cases from Ireland
Authors: Black Lynsey 
Published: July 2018

Summary
Women who kill are frequently subject to discourses of pathology. This article examines the cases of three women convicted of murder in Ireland following Independence in 1922 and explores how each woman was constructed as pathologised. Using archival materials, the article demonstrates that diagnoses were contingent and imbricated with notions of gender, morality, dangerousness, and class. For two of the women, their pathologisation led to them being certified as insane and admitted to the Central Criminal Lunatic Asylum. However, pathologisation could be mediated by respectable femininity. The article also explores the pathways which facilitated judgements of pathology, including the acceptance of a framework of degeneracy, or hereditary insanity, and examines how women could be redeemed from the diagnoses of ‘insanity’.
Creating GridlockED: A Serious Game for Teaching About Multipatient Environments
Authors: Tsoy Daniel , Sneath Paula , Rempel Josh , Huang Simon , Bodnariuc Nicole , Mercuri Mathew , Pardhan Alim , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: July 2018

Problem
As patient volumes increase, it is becoming increasingly important to find novel ways to teach junior medical learners about the intricacies of managing multiple patients simultaneously and about working in a resource-limited environment.

Approach
Serious games (i.e., games not intended purely for fun) are a teaching modality that have been gaining momentum as teaching tools in medical education. From May 2016 to August 2017, the authors designed and tested a serious game, called GridlockED, to provide a focused educational experience for medical trainees to learn about multipatient care and patient flow. The game allows as many as six people to play it at once. Gameplay relies on the players working collaboratively (as simulated members of a medical team) to triage, treat, and disposition “patients” in a manner that simulates true emergency department operations. After researching serious games, the authors developed the game through an iterative design process. Next, the game underwent preliminary peer review by experienced gamers and practicing clinicians, whose feedback the authors used to adjust the game. Attending physicians, nurses, and residents have tested GridlockED for usability, fidelity, acceptability, and applicability.

Outcomes
On the basis of initial testing, clinicians suggest that this game will be useful and has fidelity for teaching patient-flow concepts.

Next Steps
Further play testing will be needed to fully examine learning opportunities for various populations of trainees and for various media. GridlockED may also serve as a model for developing other games to teach about processes in other environments or specialties.
The Contextual Curriculum: Learning in the Matrix, Learning From the Matrix
Authors: Schrewe Brett , Ellaway Rachel H. , Watling Christopher , Bates Joanna 
Published: July 2018

Changes in the health care landscape over the last 25 years have led to an expansion of training sites beyond the traditional academic health sciences center. The resulting contextual diversity in contemporary medical education affords new opportunities to consider the influence of contextual variation on learning. The authors describe how different contextual patterns in clinical learning environments—patients, clinical and educational practices, physical geography, health care systems, and culture—form a contextual learning matrix. Learners’ participation in this contextual matrix shapes what and how they learn, and who they might become as physicians.
Although competent performance is critically dependent on context, this dependence may not be actively considered or shaped by medical educators. Moreover, learners’ inability to recognize the educational affordances of different contexts may mean that they miss critical learning opportunities, which in turn may affect patient care, particularly in the unavoidable times of transition that characterize a professional career. Learners therefore need support in recognizing the variability of learning opportunities afforded by different training contexts. The authors set out the concept of the contextual curriculum in medical education as that which is learned both intentionally and unintentionally from the settings in which learning takes place. Further, the authors consider strategies for medical educators through which the contextual curriculum can be made apparent and tangible to learners as they navigate a professional trajectory where their environments are not fixed but fluid and where change is a constant.
Syndecan-2–positive, Bone Marrow–derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Attenuate Bacterial-induced Acute Lung Injury and Enhance Resolution of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury in Rats
Authors: Masterson Claire , Devaney James , Horie Shahd , O’Flynn Lisa , Deedigan Laura , Elliman Steve , Barry Frank , O’Brien Timothy , O’Toole Daniel , Laffey John G. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Human mesenchymal stromal cells demonstrate promise for acute respiratory distress syndrome, but current studies use highly heterogenous cell populations. We hypothesized that a syndecan 2 (CD362)–expressing human mesenchymal stromal cell subpopulation would attenuate Escherichia coli–induced lung injury and enhance resolution after ventilator-induced lung injury.

Methods

In vitro studies determined whether CD362+ human mesenchymal stromal cells could modulate pulmonary epithelial inflammation, wound healing, and macrophage phagocytosis. Two in vivo rodent studies determined whether CD362+ human mesenchymal stromal cells attenuated Escherichia coli–induced lung injury (n = 10/group) and enhanced resolution of ventilation-induced injury (n = 10/group).

Results
CD362+ human mesenchymal stromal cells attenuated cytokine-induced epithelial nuclear factor kappa B activation, increased epithelial wound closure, and increased macrophage phagocytosis in vitro. CD362+ human mesenchymal stromal cells attenuated Escherichia coli–induced injury in rodents, improving arterial oxygenation (mean ± SD, 83 ± 9 vs. 60 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.05), improving lung compliance (mean ± SD: 0.66 ± 0.08 vs. 0.53 ± 0.09 ml · cm H2O−1, P < 0.05), reducing bacterial load (median [interquartile range], 1,895 [100–3,300] vs. 8,195 [4,260–8,690] colony-forming units, P < 0.05), and decreasing structural injury compared with vehicle. CD362+ human mesenchymal stromal cells were more effective than CD362− human mesenchymal stromal cells and comparable to heterogenous human mesenchymal stromal cells. CD362+ human mesenchymal stromal cells enhanced resolution after ventilator-induced lung injury in rodents, restoring arterial oxygenation (mean ± SD: 113 ± 11 vs. 89 ± 11 mmHg, P < 0.05) and lung static compliance (mean ± SD: 0.74 ± 0.07 vs. 0.45 ± 0.07 ml · cm H2O−1, P < 0.05), resolving lung inflammation, and restoring histologic structure compared with vehicle. CD362+ human mesenchymal stromal cells efficacy was at least comparable to heterogenous human mesenchymal stromal cells.

Conclusions
A CD362+ human mesenchymal stromal cell population decreased Escherichia coli–induced pneumonia severity and enhanced recovery after ventilator-induced lung injury.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability Study of the Turkish Version of Back Performance Scale
Authors: Maras Gokhan , Citaker Seyit , Meray Jale 
Published: July 2018

Study Design.
Validation of a performance scale.

Objective.
The purpose of this study is to investigate adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Back Performance Scale (BPS).

Summary of Background Data.
Low back pain affects people of all ages and causes pain, disability, and psychosocial problems. BPS is a condition-specific performance measure of activity limitation in patients with low back pain. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the BPS.

Methods.
The study included 180 patients with low back pain. For the reliability assessment of the scale, test-retest, and internal consistency analyses were performed. The results of the test-retest analysis were analyzed by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) method. For the internal consistency, Cronbach Alpha value was calculated and to construct validity, total points of the BPS were compared with the total points of Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis.

Results.
BPS was found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach alpha value 0.827). Test-retest results were found highly correlated (range from 0.723 to 0.899). Factor analysis indicated that the scale had one factor. BPS is well correlated with RMDQ and ODI (Pearson correlation coefficient with RMDQ 0.576 and with ODI 0.603).

Conclusion.
The Turkish version of BPS is valid and reliable.

Level of Evidence: 3
Irisin Protects Heart Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through a SOD2-Dependent Mitochondria Mechanism
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chen Ken , Han Yu , Zhu Hua , Zhou Xinyu , Tan Tao , Zeng Jing , Zhang Jun , Liu Yukai , Li Yu , Yao Yonggang , Yi Jianxun , He Duofen , Zhou Jingsong , Ma Jianjie , Zeng Chunyu 
Published: July 2018

Abstract:
Irisin, a muscle-origin protein derived from the extracellular domain of the fibronectin domain-containing 5 protein (FNDC5), has been shown to modulate mitochondria welfare through paracrine action. Here, we test the hypothesis that irisin contributes to cardioprotection after myocardial infarction by preserving mitochondrial function in cardiomyocytes. Animal model studies show that intravenous administration of exogenous irisin produces dose-dependent protection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury to the heart as reflected by the improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction and the reduction in serum level of cTnI (n = 15, P < 0.05). I/R-induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes is reduced after irisin treatment. The irisin-mediated protection has, at least in part, an effect on mitochondrial function because administration of irisin increases irisin staining in the mitochondria of the infarct area. Irisin also reduces I/R-induced oxidative stress as determined by mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation and superoxide FLASH event recording (n = 4, P < 0.05). The interaction between irisin and superoxide dismutase2 (SOD2) plays a key role in the protective process because irisin treatment increases SOD activity (n = 10, P < 0.05) and restores the mitochondria localization of SOD2 in cardiomyocytes (n = 5, P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that irisin plays a protective role against I/R injury to the heart. Targeting the action of irisin in mitochondria presents a novel therapeutic intervention for myocardial infarction.
A Common mdr1 Gene Polymorphism is Associated With Changes in Linezolid Clearance
Authors: Allegra Sarah , Di Paolo Antonello , Cusato Jessica , Fatiguso Giovanna , Arrigoni Elena , Danesi Romano , Corcione Silvia , D'Avolio Antonio 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Several factors contribute to the high variability of linezolid plasma exposure in patients. Very recently, it has been suggested that linezolid could be an ABCB1 substrate. Therefore, the present clinical study was aimed at investigating whether ABCB1 polymorphisms could predict linezolid pharmacokinetics in 27 critically ill patients.

Methods:
Genotypes were assessed through a real-time polymerase chain reaction allelic discrimination system, and linezolid plasma concentrations, considering trough concentration (Ctrough) and area under the time-concentration curve (AUC), were analyzed through a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling approach.

Results:
A significant effect of abcb1 c.3435C>T polymorphism on linezolid clearance was found, whose values accounted for 13.19 L/h in wild-type homozygotes and 7.82 L/h in the remaining individuals. That difference was statistically significant despite the large interindividual variability (60.8%). Terminal half-life and volume of distribution values significantly differed between c.3435CC and c.3435CT/TT patients (2.78 versus 5.45 hours and 37.43 versus 46.71 L, respectively). On the contrary, a modest trend was observed for the difference in AUC and Ctrough based on c.3435C>T genotypes. Simulation according to the final model revealed that the cumulative response fraction for the AUC/MIC parameter was better for .3435CC individuals compared with individuals carrying at least one c.3435T allele with respect to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae species.

Conclusions:
The obtained results suggest the possible influence of ABCB1 in linezolid pharmacokinetics, bringing new interest for pharmacogenetic analyses in antimicrobial chemotherapy. These analyses could be incorporated in therapeutic protocols for precision medicine, including a combined use of genetic evaluation (for starting dose) and follow-up therapeutic drug monitoring.
COMBINED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP AND AUTOLOGOUS PLASMA CONCENTRATE TO CLOSE A LARGE TRAUMATIC MACULAR HOLE IN A PEDIATRIC PATIENT
Authors: Finn Avni P. , Chen Xi , Viehland Christian , Izatt Joseph A. , Toth Cynthia A. , Vajzovic Lejla 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
To describe a case of a large, traumatic macular hole in a pediatric patient closed using an internal limiting membrane flap in combination with autologous plasma concentrate (APC).

Methods:
Description of a surgical technique as performed in one patient.

Results:
Successful macular hole closure and improvement in postoperative visual acuity were achieved in the patient in whom the technique was performed.

Conclusion:
The combined use of APC with the internal limiting membrane flap is advantageous because the APC acts to hold the internal limiting membrane in proper position and promotes the proliferation of glial cells through the presence of growth factors. This technique may be particularly advantageous in chronic or recalcitrant holes particularly in the setting of trauma.
Development of the Modified Lenticule Edge Dissection Technique for Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Liu Manli , Wang Huan , Lin Haiqin , Liu Quan 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
To identify and develop an efficient technique to separate the lenticule edge in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods:
Four hundred eyes of 400 consecutive patients with myopia assigned to receive SMILE were included in the study. Eyes with poor-quality laser treatment were excluded, and the second eye of the same patient was included. Two skilled surgeons performed SMILE in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Each surgeon was allotted 200 patients. One surgeon used the modified technique, whereas the other surgeon used the conventional technique to identify and separate the lenticule edge. All intraoperative complications associated with lenticule edge dissection and the duration of lenticule dissection were recorded.

Results:
There were 200 eyes each in the modified technique group (group A) and the conventional technique group (group B). The mean lenticule dissection time was 49 ± 10 seconds in group A and 59 ± 43 seconds in group B (P = 0.002). Within 70 seconds, lenticule dissection was completely finished in 96.5% of eyes in group A and 86.0% in group B. Difficult lenticule dissection was experienced in 3.5% (7/200) of cases in group A and in 14.0% (28/200) of cases in group B.

Conclusions:
The modified lenticule edge dissection technique of SMILE is simpler and faster in identifying the correct dissection plane. It is efficient in reducing surgical manipulation, shortening the learning curve required for lenticule dissection, and allows surgeons to perform SMILE more safely and efficiently.
Outcomes after pancreas retransplantation: is the juice worth the squeeze?
Authors: Perosa Marcelo , Sergi Francisco , Noujaim Huda 
Published: July 2018

Purpose of reviewPancreas retransplantations are rarely carried out, and their outcomes are still debatable because of a lack of studies and clinical series on this issue.Recent findingsIn general, pancreas retransplantations achieve similar or even higher patient survival than primary transplantations; however, it should be noted that this finding may be biased, as only healthier patients are selected for retransplantation. Graft survival in retransplantations is usually lower than that in primary transplantation, but this comparison may also be biased, as most retransplantations are solitary pancreas transplantations (which are known to have lower graft survival), whereas primary transplantations are mostly simultaneous kidney–pancreas transplantations. Technical loss is similar between primary pancreas transplantations and pancreas retransplantations, but the occurrence of surgical complications is greater in the latter.SummaryThis review summarizes the literature on pancreas retransplantations, comparing them with primary transplantations, and demonstrates that in selected patients in experienced centres, retransplantation can be a valid and effective option for returning the patient to an insulin-free state.
The Effect of Stabilization Exercises on Pain, Disability, and Pelvic Floor Muscle Function in Postpartum Lumbopelvic Pain
Authors: Teymuri Zahra , Hosseinifar Mohammad , Sirousi Mostafa 
Published: July 2018

Objective
The effect of stabilization exercises on pain, disability, and pelvic floor muscle function in postpartum lumbopelvic pain.

Design
This is a single-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Setting
This study was performed at the physiotherapy clinic, Zahedan University of Medical Science, from January to November 2017.

Participants
Thirty-six multiparous women with persistent postpartum lumbopelvic pain were recruited at least 3 mos after delivery.

Interventions
Subjects in the training group (n = 18) received electrotherapy modalities and specific stabilizing exercises. The control group (n = 18) received only electrotherapy modalities.

Main Outcome Measures
Pain, disability, and bladder base displacement (at rest and pelvic floor muscles contraction) were measured through visual analog scale, Oswestry Disability Index questionnaires, and transabdominal ultrasound imaging respectively at baseline and after 6 wks of intervention.

Results
Between-groups comparison showed significant improvement in pain, disability, and bladder base displacement in the training group (P < 0.05). In within-group comparison, training group had significant difference for all variables (P < 0.05). In the control group, pain and disability had significant difference (P < 0.05), whereas bladder base displacement had no significant change (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The stabilizing exercises can remarkably improve pain, disability, and pelvic floor muscles function in postpartum lumbopelvic pain (Clinical Trial Registry: NCT03030846).