bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization kinetics for SiO2 formed during SiC fiber oxidation in steam
Authors: Hay Randall S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe crystallization kinetics for SiO2 formed by oxidation of Hi‐Nicalon™‐S SiC fiber between 800 and 1600°C in Si(OH)4(g) saturated steam were determined. Glass SiO2 scale always formed first. Glass scale eventually crystallized to cristobalite, and during further oxidation the scale formed directly as cristobalite. Growth stress relaxed by viscous flow in SiO2 that formed as glass. Cristobalite formed by crystallization of this glass was relatively undeformed. In SiO2 that formed directly as cristobalite, growth stress relaxed by intense plastic deformation accompanied by dynamic recrystallization. There were therefore two layers in cristobalite scale: a heavily deformed inner layer and an undeformed outer layer. These layers were distinguished by TEM. SiO2 crystallization times were determined from the thicknesses of undeformed cristobalite and the SiC oxidation kinetics for glass scale formation. SiO2 crystallization kinetics were determined from the crystallization time distributions at different SiC oxidation temperatures in steam. For all temperatures the crystallization time growth exponent (n) was 1. There was a large decrease in crystallization rate between 1000 and 1100°C. Between 800 and 1000°C the activation energy (Q) for crystallization was 65 kJ/mol, between 1100 and 1500°C it was 110 kJ/mol, and at 1600°C it was ~500 kJ/mol. Analysis methods and results are discussed.
Instruments to assess mental health‐related stigma among health professionals and students in health sciences: A systematic psychometric review
Authors: Sastre‐Rus Meritxell , García‐Lorenzo Alejandro , Lluch‐Canut Maria‐Teresa , Tomás‐Sábado Joaquín , Zabaleta‐Del‐Olmo Edurne 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the instruments to assess the mental health‐related stigma among health professionals and students in health sciences.BackgroundEvidence on the stigmatization by health professionals of people with mental health illness is increasingly compelling. Valid and reliable instruments are needed for the assessment of mental health‐related stigma and effectiveness of anti‐stigma interventions.DesignSystematic psychometric review.Data sourcesMEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO), PsycINFO, Scopus, and Open Grey from their inception to August 2017. No limits were applied.Review methodsWe included studies on the development of a measurement instrument or on the evaluation of one or more of its measurement properties. The methodological quality of the included studies and quality of the measurement instruments identified were assessed using the COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist.ResultsWe included 25 studies involving 15 measurement instruments. The “Atributtion Questionnaire” (five studies) and the “Opening Minds Scale for Health Care providers (OMS‐HC)” (four studies) were the most investigated instruments. Internal consistency, content validity, structural validity, and hypothesis testing were the measurement properties most commonly evaluated. Measurement error and responsiveness were investigated in only two studies. Eight psychometric properties of OMS‐HC were evaluated, three of which have a positive strong level of evidence.ConclusionsA substantial number of instruments have been developed to assess mental health‐related stigma among health professionals. There is a lack of any assessment of certain measurement properties. The OMS‐HC is the instrument that had the strongest evidence.
Attribute selection and model evaluation for the maternal and paternal imprinted genes in bovine (Bos Taurus) using supervised machine learning algorithms
Authors: Karami Keyvan , Zerehdaran Saeed , Javadmanesh Ali , Shariati Mohammad Mahdi , Fallahi Hossien 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImprinted genes display biased expression of paternal and maternal alleles in mammals. They are marked through epigenetic process during gametogenesis. Characterization of imprinted genes has expanded our understanding of the regulation and function of genes. In the current study, 22 experimentally validated imprinted genes in bovine (Bos Taurus) were analysed. Several supervised machine learning algorithms and attribute weighting methods were used to find characteristics of different types of imprinted genes and suggest a classification method for finding maternally and paternally expressed genes in bovine. For assessing the best model and comparing attributes in other organisms, we have also conducted a comparative analysis for human and sheep imprinted genes. According to the results of the present study, GC contents 10 and 100 kb upstream, Gly and Gln amino acids, Ile/ATC codon usage, LINE and SINE in 100kbup and length of first intron were significantly different between the maternal and paternal genes in cattle. Considering all species together, we found that GC content 100 kb up, LINE 100 kb up and the frequency of amino acids like Gly, Gln and Met were the most important attributes for identifying the paternal and maternal imprinted genes. These findings could imply conservation pattern in the attributes among these species.
Characteristics of recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmia after catheter ablation in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yu , Chung Fa‐Po , Kuo Ling , Lin Yenn‐Jiang , Chang Shih‐Lin , Lo Li‐Wei , Hu Yu‐Feng , Tuan Ta‐Chuan , Chao Tze‐Fan , Liao Jo‐Nan , Chang Ting‐Yung , Yamada Shinya , Te Abigail Louise D. , Huang Ting‐Chun , Chen Shih‐Ann 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe reason for recurrence of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) after catheter ablation in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is not clear.MethodsIn this study, 91 ARVC patients (age, 47 ± 13 years; 47 men) who underwent catheter ablation for drug‐refractory ventricular arrhythmia (VA) were enrolled. The patients were categorized into single or multiple procedures (n = 28). The baseline characteristics and electrophysiological features of the patients were examined to elucidate the reason of the VA recurrences.ResultsA total of 186 VAs were induced during the index procedure and 176 (94.6%) were eliminated. Successful, partially successful, and failed ablations were achieved in 89.0%, 8.8%, and 2.2% of the patients, respectively. During a mean follow‐up period of 32 ± 26 months, 35 patients had VA recurrences. Forty‐two repeat procedures were performed for 81 induced VAs in 28 patients. Of the 42 repeat procedures, successful, partially successful, and failed ablations were achieved in 37, 4, and 1 of the procedures, respectively. Most of the recurrent VAs (70 [72.9%]) originated from the newly‐developed circuits owing to the scar progression. The patients with repeat procedure had worsening right ventricular remodeling. The multivariate analysis revealed that history as endurance athlete significantly predicted the need of a repeat procedure in spite of the initially successful endocardial/epicardial ablation and negative inducibility (hazard ratio: 3.014, 95% confidence interval: 1.493‐6.084,
P = 0.002).ConclusionsIn spite of the initial complete VA elimination, history as an athlete was associated with scar progression, RV remodeling, and VA recurrences from the newly developed arrhythmogenic substrates/circuit in ARVC.
Absence of PARP‐1 affects Cxcl12 expression by increasing DNA demethylation
Authors: Tolić Anja , Grdović Nevena , Dinić Svetlana , Rajić Jovana , Đorđević Miloš , Sinadinović Marija , Arambašić Jovanović Jelena , Mihailović Mirjana , Poznanović Goran , Uskoković Aleksandra , Vidaković Melita 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPoly [ADP‐ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP‐1) has an inhibitory effect on C‐X‐C motif chemokine 12 gene (Cxcl12) transcription. We examined whether PARP‐1 affects the epigenetic control of Cxcl12 expression by changing its DNA methylation pattern. We observed increased expression of Cxcl12 in PARP‐1 knock‐out mouse embryonic fibroblasts (PARP1−/−) in comparison to wild‐type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH3T3). In the Cxcl12 gene, a CpG island is present in the promoter, the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR), the first exon and in the first intron. The methylation state of Cxcl12 in each cell line was investigated by methylation‐specific PCR (MSP) and high resolution melting analysis (HRM). Both methods revealed strong demethylation in PARP1−/− compared to NIH3T3 cells in all four DNA regions. Increased expression of the Ten‐eleven translocation (Tet) genes in PARP1−/− cells indicated that TETs could be important factors in Cxcl12 demethylation in the absence of PARP‐1, accounting for its increased expression. Our results showed that PARP‐1 was a potential upstream player in (de)methylation events that modulated Cxcl12 expression.
TGFβ1 and HGF regulate CTGF expression in human atrial fibroblasts and are involved in atrial remodelling in patients with rheumatic heart disease
Authors: Chen Jian‐Quan , Guo Yan‐Song , Chen Qian , Cheng Xian‐Lu , Xiang Guo‐Jian , Chen Mei‐Yan , Wu Hong‐Lin , Huang Qi‐Lei , Zhu Peng‐Li , Zhang Jian‐Cheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in human atrial fibroblasts, and to explore the relationship of these factors in atrial fibrosis and atrial anatomical remodelling (AAR) of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsFresh right auricular appendix tissue of 20 patients with rheumatic heart disease undergoing valve replacement surgery was collected during surgeries, 10 patients had sinus rhythm(SR), and 10 patients had chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF). Atrial fibroblasts were then cultured from the tissues with differential attachment technique and treated with either TGFβ1 (10 ng/mL) or HGF (100 ng/mL). CTGF mRNA levels were measured by RT‐PCR, and CTGF protein content was determined using immunofluorescence and Western blotting assays.ResultsCAF group had higher left atrial diameters (LADs) and higher CTGF mRNA expression in atrial fibroblasts compared with SR group. The CTGF protein content in CAF group was higher than that of SR group and positively correlated with LAD and AF duration. After CAF group was treated with TGFβ1, CTGF mRNA and protein expression were significantly down‐regulated, whereas when treated with HGF, expression was up‐regulated compared with SR group.ConclusionsIncreased CTGF expression was associated with enlarged LAD, atrial fibrosis and AAR in patients with AF. TGFβ1 and HGF regulate CTGF expression in human atrial fibroblasts with up‐regulation of mRNA and down‐regulation of protein, therefore, either promote or inhibit atrial fibrosis, which could be related to the incidence and persistence of AF.
Self‐regenerative capacity of intra‐oral bone defects
Authors: Sculean Anton , Stavropoulos Andreas , Bosshardt Dieter D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo provide an overview on the self‐regenerative capacity of various types of intra‐oral bone defects.Materials and MethodsThis paper has narratively reviewed the most important aspects of bone biology and the healing outcomes related to the self‐regenerative capacity (i.e. without the placement of any biomaterial) of bone defects that occur following tooth extraction, autogenous graft harvesting, periapical lesions, cystic lesions of the jaws, third molar extraction and experimentally created ridge defects.ResultsIn animals (i.e. dogs and monkeys), the greatest changes in horizontal and vertical dimension occur during the first 6 months following tooth extraction. In humans, bone remodelling may take from several months to years and exhibits marked inter‐individual variability. Following tooth extraction at compromised sites (e.g. presence of severe bone loss at the time‐point of extraction), the healing may occur slower and a substantial volume reduction can be expected than following tooth extraction at non‐compromised sites.In the mandibular symphysis and ramus, the bone defects resulting following bone block harvesting are gradually healing to a large extent, but complete healing appears not to occur due to poorer space provision and wound stability capacities.Defects after peri‐apical surgery display a substantial self‐regenerative capacity and heal at a great extent without the use of any adjunct measures. The vast majority of jawbone defects after cystectomy heal at a great extent and without apparent influence in the shape of the jaw, without the need of adjunct measures.After surgical removal of mandibular third molars, bone fill can be observed over a period of at least 12 months, with the most substantial change (e.g. the greatest bone fill) occurring during the first 3 months after surgery. However, complete fill of these residual bone defects does not always occur.ConclusionsIntra‐oral bone defects possess a high self‐regenerative capacity. Factors such as extent of bone loss, presence of bony walls, closed healing environment, space provision and mechanical wound stability substantially influence healing/regeneration.
Contact allergy to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone in north‐eastern Italy: a temporal trend from 1996 to 2016
Authors: Dusefante A. , Mauro M. , Belloni Fortina A. , Corradin M.T. , Larese Filon F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMethylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI) (Kathon® CG) is a common preservative used in industrial products, owing to its strong biocide effect. Contact allergy to MCI/MI has been reported in different occupations, including mechanics, hairdressers and healthcare workers.ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyse the temporal trend of MCI/MI sensitization in north‐eastern Italy and to evaluate the associations with occupations in our geographical area.MethodsFrom 1996 to 2016, 27 381 patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested in eight departments of Dermatology or Occupational Medicine in north‐eastern Italy. Individual characteristics were collected through a standardized questionnaire.ResultsThe overall prevalence of MCI/MI sensitization was 4.2%, with the highest prevalence found in women and in patients younger than 25 years. MCI/MI sensitization was significantly associated with atopic eczema (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.10–1.70), hand/forearm dermatitis (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.05–1.36) and face dermatitis (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.10–1.40). There was a significant association between MCI/MI sensitization and chemical processing workers (OR 1.74, 95% CI: 1.03–2.94), while mechanics and healthcare workers resulted more sensitized to this hapten only in the last 3 years.ConclusionSensitization to MCI/MI is rising in the last years in Triveneto region, the ‘epidemic’ of sensitization to MCI/MI is mainly driven by extra‐occupational dermatitis, and sensitization in some occupational groups is emerging only in the last years. A full labelling is compulsory for all products that contain isothiazolinones, to permit to identify the culprit agent.
The management and genetic background of pityriasis rubra pilaris: a single‐centre experience
Authors: Gál B. , Göblös A. , Danis J. , Farkas K. , Sulák A. , Varga E. , Nagy N. , Széll M. , Kemény L. , Bata‐Csörgő Z. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare chronic inflammatory dermatosis with multifactorial aetiology. It is known that particular caspase recruitment domain family member 14 (CARD14) gene mutations are associated with familial PRP and certain forms of psoriasis. Additionally, few data are available about the role of CARD14 gene variants in sporadic PRP. The clinical picture is variable for the different types of PRP, therefore choosing the adequate treatment is often difficult, furthermore there are no specific guidelines for therapy.ObjectiveOur aim was to survey the efficacy of the applied therapies and to screen the CARD14 gene variants in our PRP patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with PRP between 2006 and 2016 at our clinic were involved. Besides the follow‐up study of the treatments, the genetic analysis of CARD14 gene was performed.ResultsWe analysed 19 patients, among whom 17 were diagnosed with type I, one with type III, and one with type V PRP. The majority of the patients were successfully treated with acitretin in combination with systemic corticosteroids, and the remaining patients were treated with other systemic therapies with diverse effects. The genetic screening of CARD14 gene revealed two previously described mutations (rs114688446, rs117918077) and six polymorphisms (rs28674001, rs2066964, rs34367357, rs11653893, rs11652075, rs2289541). Ten of 19 patients carried different CARD14 genetic variants either alone or in combination.ConclusionBased on our experience, we propose that acitretin and an initial combination of short‐term systemic corticosteroid therapy could be a successful treatment option for PRP. Although we identified several CARD14 variants in almost half of our cases, we did not find a correlation between the therapeutic response and the genetic background. Our data support the previous observation that CARD14 genetic variants are not specific to PRP, although they may indicate chronic inflammation.
Co‐inheritance of sea age at maturity and iteroparity in the Atlantic salmon vgll3 genomic region
Authors: Aykanat Tutku , Ozerov Mikhail , Vähä Juha‐Pekka , Orell Panu , Niemelä Eero , Erkinaro Jaakko , Primmer Craig R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCo‐inheritance in life‐history traits may result in unpredictable evolutionary trajectories if not accounted for in life‐history models. Iteroparity (the reproductive strategy of reproducing more than once) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a fitness trait with substantial variation within and among populations. In the Teno River in northern Europe, iteroparous individuals constitute an important component of many populations and have experienced a sharp increase in abundance in the last 20 years, partly overlapping with a general decrease in age structure. The physiological basis of iteroparity bears similarities to that of age at first maturity, another life‐history trait with substantial fitness effects in salmon. Sea age at maturity in Atlantic salmon is controlled by a major locus around the vgll3 gene, and we used this opportunity demonstrate that these two traits are co‐inherited around this genome region. The odds ratio of survival until second reproduction was up to 2.4 (1.8–3.5 90% CI) times higher for fish with the early‐maturing vgll3 genotype (EE) compared to fish with the late‐maturing genotype (LL). The L allele was dominant in individuals remaining only one year at sea before maturation, but the dominance was reversed, with the E allele being dominant in individuals maturing after two or more years at sea. Post hoc analysis indicated that iteroparous fish with the EE genotype had accelerated growth prior to first reproduction compared to first‐time spawners, across all age groups, whereas this effect was not detected in fish with the LL genotype. These results broaden the functional link around the vgll3 genome region and help us understand constraints in the evolution of life‐history variation in salmon. Our results further highlight the need to account for genetic correlations between fitness traits when predicting demographic changes in changing environments.
Color change, ascorbic acid degradation kinetics, and rehydration behavior of kiwifruit as affected by different drying methods
Authors: Akar Göksu , Barutçu Mazı Işıl 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, the drying kinetics, ascorbic acid degradation, and color change kinetics of kiwifruit during hot air drying (HAD), vacuum drying (VD), freeze drying (FD), and hot air–microwave‐assisted vacuum combination drying (HA–MVD) were investigated. The applicability of Weibull model for describing the rehydration kinetics of dried kiwifruits was also assessed. The ascorbic acid content of the kiwi fruit decreased by 77.52, 75.41, 39.86, and 29.64%, and the total phenolic content decreased by 26.62, 29.24, 19.16, and 1.99% after HAD, VD, HA–MVD, and FD, respectively. For all drying processes, the ascorbic acid degradation was best described by the Weibull model. Zero‐order, first‐order, and combined kinetic models were examined to fit data of color parameters (L*, a*, and b*). Scanning electron microscopy images of the dried products were also obtained. The results indicate that HA–MVD may be an alternative method for the drying of kiwifruit since it provides good quality product in shorter time.Practical applicationsKinetic modeling of changes in foods during drying is an important issue in relation to predicting quality changes and setting optimal processing conditions. In this study kinetic models describing the ascorbic acid degradation and also the color change of kiwifruit during four different drying methods were determined. Kiwifruit contains high amount ascorbic acid which is widely considered as a marker of nutritional quality for fruits and vegetables subjected to various drying treatments. That is why it is important to build kinetic models to estimate the degradation rate of ascorbic acid during various drying processes. When the ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, color, and rehydration properties of the final dried products were compared, it was seen that the hot air–microwave‐assisted vacuum combination drying (HA–MVD) method yielded good quality dried product in quite shorter time as compared to other methods. The results of this study show that the HA–MVD method could be successfully applied for drying of kiwifruits.
A strategy for generating rice apomixis by gene editing
Authors: Xie En , Li Yafei , Tang Ding , Lv Yanli , Shen Yi , Cheng Zhukuan 
Published: January 2019

SummaryApomixis is an asexual reproduction way of plants that can produce clonal offspring through seeds. In this study, we introduced apomixis into rice (Oryza sativa) by mutating OsSPO11‐1, OsREC8, OsOSD1, and OsMATL through a CRISPR/Cas9 system. The quadruple mutant showed a transformation from meiosis to mitosis and produced clonal diploid gametes. With mutated Osmatl, which gives rise to haploid induction in plants, the quadruple mutant is expected to be able to be produced apomictic diploid offspring. We named this quadruple mutant as AOP (Apomictic Offspring Producer) for its ability to produce apomictic offspring.
Induction of desiccation tolerance in desiccation sensitive Citrus limon seeds
Authors: Marques Alexandre , Nijveen Harm , Somi Charles , Ligterink Wilco , Hilhorst Henk 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMany economically important perennial species bear recalcitrant seeds, including tea, coffee, cocoa, mango, citrus, rubber, oil palm and coconut. Orthodox seeds can be dried almost completely without losing viability, but so‐called recalcitrant seeds have a very limited storage life and die upon drying below a higher critical moisture content than orthodox seeds. As a result, the development of long‐term storage methods for recalcitrant seeds is compromised. Lowering this critical moisture content would be very valuable since dry seed storage is the safest, most convenient and cheapest method for conserving plant genetic resources. Therefore, we have attempted to induce desiccation tolerance (DT) in the desiccation sensitive seeds of Citrus limon. We show that DT can be induced by paclobutrazol (an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis) and we studied its associated transcriptome to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying this induction of DT. Paclobutrazol not only interfered with gibberellin related gene expression but also caused extensive changes in expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of other hormones. Paclobutrazol induced a transcriptomic switch encompassing suppression of biotic‐ and induction of abiotic responses. We hypothesize that this is the main driver of the induction of DT by paclobutrazol in C. limon seeds.