bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical diabetes mellitus in association with
diestrus-induced acromegaly in 2 bitches
Authors: Cui Yi , Bauer Natali , Hausmann Lisa , Weiß Mirjam , Hazuchova Katarina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTwo intact bitches aged 9 and 11 years were referred due to chronic polyuria,
polydipsia, vomiting, anorexia and progressive lethargy. On clinical
examination, signs of tissue overgrowth (large paws, widened interdental space,
pharyngeal stridor) were noticed. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was diagnosed in one
dog (case 1) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in the other (case 2). There were
increased IGF-1 values suggestive of hypersomatotropism. Progesterone values and
pathological findings of the ovaries and uterus indicated diestrus. Diagnosis of
diestrus-induced hypersomatotropism was made and ovariohysterectomy was
performed in both dogs. Dog 1 also had multiple mammary neoplasms treated with
bilateral mastectomy. Treatment resulted in diabetic remission in case 1 and
improved glycaemic control in case 2. Overall, diestrus-induced
hypersomatotropism is rare but should be considered in any intact diabetic bitch
with acromegalic features. Ovariohysterectomy is recommended and associated with
a fair to good prognosis.
Atemstörungen im Schlaf
Authors: Möller Alexander 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungAtemstörungen im Schlaf haben bei Kindern eine hohe klinische Relevanz. Sie betreffen nicht nur einen großen zeitlichen Anteil im Leben der Kinder, sondern haben auch negative Auswirkungen auf das Gedeihen, die kardiovaskuläre Funktion und die kognitive Entwicklung. Verschiedene entwicklungsspezifische Faktoren müssen in der Beurteilung von Schlafuntersuchungen bei Kindern berücksichtigt werden. Die Adeno-Tonsillenhyperplasie ist sicherlich der häufigste Grund für eine Atemstörung im Schlaf, aber das Spektrum an Ursachen ist sehr breit. Gerade syndromale kranio-faziale Missbildungen und metabolische Erkrankungen sind mit einem sehr hohen Risiko einer relevanten Atemstörung assoziiert. Eine korrekte und kindergerechte Diagnostik ist essenziell, um eine adäquate Therapie zu ermöglichen.
Zweistufige Paratuberkulosebekämpfung in der Praxis:
Überwachung auf Herdenebene als Basis für betriebliche Maßnahmen zur
Prävalenzsenkung
Authors: Khol Johannes Lorenz , Eisenberg Susanne , Noll Irene , Zschöck Michael , Eisenberg Tobias , Donat Karsten 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDie wirtschaftlichen Verluste in mit Paratuberkulose infizierten Beständen können
beträchtliche Ausmaße annehmen. Ein allgemein gültiges Konzept zur Überwachung
oder Bekämpfung von Infektionen mit Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis (MAP) beim Rind liegt bisher jedoch nicht vor.Im Rahmen des Niedersächsischen MAP-Verminderungsprogramms (NPVP) sind alle
Milchviehhalter zur halbjährlichen Untersuchung von Sammelmilchproben ihrer
Herden auf MAP-Antikörper verpflichtet. Ein nicht negatives Ergebnis zieht eine
Einzeltieruntersuchung nach sich. Im Anschluss daran können die Tierhalter
selbst entscheiden, ob sie sich verpflichten, am Verminderungsprogramm
teilzunehmen. Im Rahmen des freiwilligen hessischen
Paratuberkulose-Zertifizierungsprogramms HEMAP wird der MAP-Herdenstatus durch
Sockentupferuntersuchungen ermittelt. Positive Betriebe werden 2-mal jährlich
mittels serologischer Untersuchung aus Milch- oder Blutproben überprüft und
positive Tiere zeitnah aus der Herde entfernt. Das Programm zur Bekämpfung der
Paratuberkulose in den Rinderbeständen in Thüringen sieht eine jährliche
Untersuchung von Kotproben aller Kühe und Zuchtbullen mittels Kotkultur vor, als
MAP-positiv erkannte Tiere sind schnellstmöglich aus dem Bestand zu entfernen.
Die Grundlage des MAP-Überwachungs- und Bekämpfungsprogramms in Tirol ist eine
alle 2 Jahre stattfindende Erhebung des MAP-Herdenstatus mittels Sockentupfer.
Betriebe mit einem positiven Ergebnis haben die Möglichkeit, alle adulten Tiere
mittels Kotproben auf MAP testen zu lassen und dann über eine Teilnahme am
Paratuberkuloseprogramm zu entscheiden.Die angeführten Beispiele zeigen, dass eine zweistufige Herangehensweise, mit
einer Herdenuntersuchung und einer darauf aufbauenden Einzeltieruntersuchung,
eine mögliche Methode zur Überwachung und Bekämpfung der Paratuberkulose in
Rinderbetrieben darstellt.
Felines Asthma und chronische Bronchitis – Übersicht zu
Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Grotheer Maike , Schulz Bianka 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungFelines Asthma und feline chronische Bronchitis gelten als die häufigsten
chronischen Erkrankungen der unteren Atemwege bei Katzen und werden oft als
chronische Bronchialerkrankungen zusammengefasst. Beim felinen Asthma wird
ursächlich eine Hypersensitivitätsreaktion Typ I vermutet, bei der chronischen
Bronchitis ist die Ätiologie noch weitgehend unbekannt. Betroffene Katzen können
Husten, Dyspnoe und Atemgeräusche zeigen. Beide Krankheitsbilder werden zurzeit
anhand des zytologischen Zellbildes einer durch Bronchoalveolarlavage gewonnenen
Probe definiert und können sich in Ursache, Behandlung und klinischem Verlauf
unterscheiden. Die Diagnosestellung beinhaltet den Ausschluss anderer
Grunderkrankungen in Kombination mit dem Nachweis einer nicht infektiösen,
eosinophilen oder neutrophilen Entzündung der Atemwege. Neben der etablierten
Therapie mit oral oder inhalativ applizierten Glukokortikoiden und
Bronchodilatatoren werden in dem Artikel auch neuere therapeutische und
diagnostische Ansätze vorgestellt.
Operative Vaginal Delivery Is a Safe Option in Women Undergoing a Trial of Labor after Cesarean
Authors: Krizman Erin , Grzebielski Patricia , Antony Kathleen M. , Sampene Emmanuel , Shanahan Matthew , Iruretagoyena J. Igor , Bohrer Justin 
Published: June 2019

Objective To compare outcomes of operative intervention in the second stage of labor during trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC).
Study Design A secondary analysis of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network cesarean section registry was conducted. Analysis was by first attempted mode of delivery.
Results A total of 1,837 met inclusion criteria. Subjects in the operative vaginal groups (OVDs) were more likely to have a prior vaginal delivery (vacuum 34.2%; forceps 34.3%) than the repeat cesarean delivery (RCD) group (22.6%; p < 0.0001). Most OVD attempts were successful (forceps 90.4%; vacuum 92.6%). Neonatal morbidity was not different (12.1% forceps vs. 14.6% vacuum; 14.8% RCD). Maternal morbidity was highest among forceps deliveries (32.3 vs. 24.3% vacuum; 22.0% RCD, p = 0.0001). RCD was associated with surgical injury (2.7 vs. 0.7% forceps; 0% vacuum; p < 0.0001), endometritis (8.4 vs. 3.2% forceps, 1.2% vacuum; p < 0.0001), and wound complications (1.9 vs. 0.4% forceps; 0.3% vacuum; p = 0.006). OVD was associated with anal sphincter laceration (22.7% forceps, 15.5% vacuum; 0% RCD; p = 0.01).
Conclusion The success rate of OVD is high in TOLAC with similar outcomes to RCD. Maternal composite outcomes were highest with forceps-assisted vaginal deliveries. However, considering overall morbidity, OVD in the second stage of labor in TOLAC is a reasonable, safe option in selected cases.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Patellar Tendon Gouty Tophus: A Case Report
Authors: Bouras Theodoros , Gandhi Maulik , Barnett Andrew 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe main aim of this case report is to thoroughly describe the steps of diagnosis and treatment in the rare incidence of patellar tendon gouty tophus. The case of a 53-year-old man manual worker who was treated with open excision of the lesion, following failure of extended medical treatment with rheumatological input, is presented. Surgical treatment led to full restoration of the patient's knee function. Open or arthroscopic surgery is a viable option for the unusual case of intratendinous patellar gouty deposition if the patient fails medical management. Medical treatment should still be the mainstay.
Outflanking immunodominance to target subdominant broadly neutralizing epitopes
Authors: Angeletti Davide , Kosik Ivan , Santos Jefferson J. S. , Yewdell William T. , Boudreau Carolyn M. , Mallajosyula Vamsee V. A. , Mankowski Madeleine C. , Chambers Michael , Prabhakaran Madhu , Hickman Heather D. , McDermott Adrian B. , Alter Galit , Chaudhuri Jayanta , Yewdell Jonathan W. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
The most promising target for a universal influenza A vaccine is the conserved hemagglutinin (HA) stem domain. However, in infected or immunized individuals, the response to HA stem is limited due to HA head immunodominance. To understand factors hampering the development of stem B cells, we have immunized mice with full-length HA and HA stem alone or in different combinations and shown that physical attachment of HA head to stem severely hinders stem responses. By increasing local antigen concentration of full-length HA, we were able to rescue stem-specific B cells and serum antibodies. Our results provide a template for improving vaccination by overcoming immunodominance.
Intracellular mechanisms of fungal space searching in microenvironments
Authors: Held Marie , Kašpar Ondřej , Edwards Clive , Nicolau Dan V. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Many filamentous fungi colonizing animal or plant tissue, waste matter, or soil must find optimal paths through the constraining geometries of their microenvironment. Imaging of live fungal growth in custom-built microfluidics structures revealed the intracellular mechanisms responsible for this remarkable efficiency. In meandering channels, the Spitzenkörper (an assembly of vesicles at the filament tip) acted like a natural gyroscope, conserving the directional memory of growth, while the fungal cytoskeleton organized along the shortest growth path. However, if an obstacle could not be negotiated, the directional memory was lost due to the disappearance of the Spitzenkörper gyroscope. This study can impact diverse environmental, industrial, and medical applications, from fungal pathogenicity in plants and animals to biology-inspired computation.
Role of cerebellar GABAergic dysfunctions in the origins of essential tremor
Authors: Zhang Xu , Santaniello Sabato 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceWe investigated the mechanisms of tremor generation in essential tremor (ET). Using computational modeling we show that tremor-related activity can originate from the olivocerebellar loop in response to a dysfunction and compensatory up-regulation of GABA receptors in the dentate nucleus of cerebellum. The emerging tremor-related activity then projects to thalamus and reaches the corticothalamic motor loop. Consistent with clinical observations, the study shows that the tremor frequency decreases as the up-regulation becomes stronger and increases as high-frequency stimulation is delivered to the thalamus. Our results provide an explanation of how local synaptic abnormalities would lead to widespread tremor-related neural activity in ET and suggest that compensatory processes in degenerative diseases may underlie brain dysfunction.
Intrinsically reversible superglues via shape adaptation inspired by snail epiphragm
Authors: Cho Hyesung , Wu Gaoxiang , Christopher Jolly Jason , Fortoul Nicole , He Zhenping , Gao Yuchong , Jagota Anand , Yang Shu 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Achieving both superstrong adhesion and reversibility is challenging, particularly for hydrogels. Here, we report a hydrogel-based, reversible, superglue-like adhesive by combining the benefits of both liquid and dry adhesives in a single material while overcoming their respective limitations. When hydrated, the softened gel conformally adapts to the target surface by low-energy deformation, which is then locked upon drying as the elastic modulus is raised from hundreds of kilopascals to a few gigapascals, analogous to the action of the epiphragm of snails. We show that reversible superstrong adhesion could be achieved from a nonstructured material when the criterion of shape adaption is met, with minimal residual strain energy stored in the system.
Gating modules of the AMPA receptor pore domain revealed by unnatural amino acid mutagenesis
Authors: Poulsen Mette H. , Poshtiban Anahita , Klippenstein Viktoria , Ghisi Valentina , Plested Andrew J. R. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Glutamate receptors are membrane proteins that incorporate an ion channel domain. Binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate opens the ion channel, a key event in neurotransmission, but also triggers other dynamic changes in protein structure. We have probed these changes in the membrane domain using light-sensitive unnatural amino acids at 30 sites. This approach allowed us to use ultraviolet light to progressively perturb receptor structure local to specified sites. We identify the collar domain and the selectivity filter, a structure that determines the permeant ion species, as exerting unexpectedly broad control over the gating and desensitization of the receptor. This work supports the idea of a dynamic selectivity filter, which in turn, may facilitate pharmacological intervention at this essential receptor.
Restoring universality to the pinch-off of a bubble
Authors: Pahlavan Amir A. , Stone Howard A. , McKinley Gareth H. , Juanes Ruben 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceWe observe the formation of bubbles and drops on a daily basis, from dripping faucets to raindrops entraining bubbles on the surface of a lake. The ubiquity of the phenomenon masks the fascinating underlying nonlinear dynamics that is such an important aspect of modern physics. Here, we report on the surprising observation that confinement makes the pinch-off of a bubble a universal process, as opposed to the unconfined case, where pinch-off is sensitive to the details of the experimental setting. We explain how the motion of the contact line, where the liquid, gas, and solid phases meet, leads to self-similar dynamics that effectively erase the memory of the system. Our observations have implications for immiscible flow phenomena from microfluidics to geophysical flows, where confinement, together with fluid–solid physicochemical interactions, play a key role.
PFKFB3-mediated endothelial glycolysis promotes pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Cao Yapeng , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Lina , Yang Qiuhua , Ma Qian , Xu Jiean , Wang Jingjing , Kovacs Laszlo , Ayon Ramon J. , Liu Zhiping , Zhang Min , Zhou Yaqi , Zeng Xianqiu , Xu Yiming , Wang Yong , Fulton David J. , Weintraub Neal L. , Lucas Rudolf , Dong Zheng , Yuan Jason X.-J. , Sullivan Jennifer C. , Meadows Louise , Barman Scott A. , Wu Chaodong , Quan Junmin , Hong Mei , Su Yunchao , Huo Yuqing 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceLung endothelial cells express high levels of glucose metabolic enzymes, such as PFKFB3, and consequently produce large amounts of glucose metabolites. These metabolites are able to stabilize the cell signaling molecule HIF2A, similar to that which occurs under hypoxic conditions. This stabilization of HIF2A by glucose metabolites in lung endothelial cells stimulates production of growth and inflammatory factors, thereby enhancing proliferation and inflammation of the pulmonary vessels and exacerbating pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this study, blockade of endothelial PFKFB3 inhibits PH development in rodent models, suggesting that targeting glucose metabolic enzymes is a promising strategy for the treatment of PH.
Compartmentalized biosynthesis of mycophenolic acid
Authors: Zhang Wei , Du Lei , Qu Zepeng , Zhang Xingwang , Li Fengwei , Li Zhong , Qi Feifei , Wang Xiao , Jiang Yuanyuan , Men Ping , Sun Jingran , Cao Shaona , Geng Ce , Qi Fengxia , Wan Xiaobo , Liu Changning , Li Shengying 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Here, we elucidate the full biosynthetic pathway of the fungal natural product mycophenolic acid (MPA). Besides the intriguing enzymatic mechanisms, we reveal that the MPA biosynthetic enzymes are elegantly compartmentalized; the oxygenase MpaB′ is the long-sought enzyme responsible for initiating the oxidative cleavage of the farnesyl side chain; and the subcellular localization of the acyl-coenzyme A hydrolase MpaH′ in peroxisomes is required for the unique cooperation between biosynthetic and β-oxidation catabolism machineries. This work highlights the importance of a cell biology perspective for understanding the underexplored organelle-associated essential catalytic mechanisms in natural product biosynthesis of fungi and other higher organisms. The insights gained in our study will benefit future efforts for both industrial strain improvement and novel drug development.
Polar bear evolution is marked by rapid changes in gene copy number in response to dietary shift
Authors: Rinker David C. , Specian Natalya K. , Zhao Shu , Gibbons John G. 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceCopy number variation describes the degree to which contiguous genomic regions differ in their number of copies among individuals. Copy number variable regions can drive ecological adaptation, particularly when they contain genes. Here, we compare differences in gene copy numbers among 17 polar bear and 9 brown bear individuals to evaluate the impact of copy number variation on polar bear evolution. Polar bears and brown bears are ideal species for such an analysis as they are closely related, yet ecologically distinct. Our analysis identified variation in copy number for genes linked to dietary and ecological requirements of the bear species. These results suggest that genic copy number variation has played an important role in polar bear adaptation to the Arctic.
Leptin’s hunger-suppressing effects are mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in rodents
Authors: Perry Rachel J. , Resch Jon M. , Douglass Amelia M. , Madara Joseph C. , Rabin-Court Aviva , Kucukdereli Hakan , Wu Chen , Song Joongyu D. , Lowell Bradford B. , Shulman Gerald I. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Low levels of leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes that signals the body as to the availability of fuel stores, are known to increase food intake. Here, we demonstrate a mechanism by which low leptin stimulates food intake in rodents: Under conditions of hypoleptinemia, stress hormone (glucocorticoid) production is increased, and in turn stimulates AgRP neurons to promote appetite.
Borrelia burgdorferipeptidoglycan is a persistent antigen in patients with Lyme arthritis
Authors: Jutras Brandon L. , Lochhead Robert B. , Kloos Zachary A. , Biboy Jacob , Strle Klemen , Booth Carmen J. , Govers Sander K. , Gray Joe , Schumann Peter , Vollmer Waldemar , Bockenstedt Linda K. , Steere Allen C. , Jacobs-Wagner Christine 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceLyme disease, caused by the spirocheteBorrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in North America. If early infection is untreated, it can result in late-stage manifestations, including arthritis. Although antibiotics are generally effective at all stages of the disease, arthritis may persist in some patients for months to several years despite oral and intravenous antibiotic treatment. Excessive, dysregulated host immune responses are thought to play an important role in this outcome, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. This study identifies theB. burgdorferipeptidoglycan, a major component of the cell wall, as an immunogen likely to contribute to inflammation during infection and in cases of postinfectious Lyme arthritis.
Pattern of dopamine signaling during aversive events predicts active avoidance learning
Authors: Stelly Claire E. , Haug Graham C. , Fonzi Kaitlyn M. , Garcia Miriam A. , Tritley Sean C. , Magnon Alexa P. , Ramos Maria Alicia P. , Wanat Matthew J. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
Exposure to aversive stimuli can elicit a range of responses across a population, with some readily learning to avoid the aversive outcome whereas others do not. The neurotransmitter dopamine is thought to regulate behavioral responses to aversive stimuli. However, it is unclear whether intrinsic differences in dopamine signaling can account for the diversity of actions exhibited in response to an aversive event. We performed voltammetry recordings of dopamine transmission in the ventral striatum of rodents exposed to inescapable and escapable aversive stimuli. These experiments 1) identified the characteristics of the dopamine response during an aversive event that are predictive of learning to avoid aversive outcomes and 2) demonstrated that dopamine encodes a safety prediction error signal.
Solar thermal desalination as a nonlinear optical process
Authors: Dongare Pratiksha D. , Alabastri Alessandro , Neumann Oara , Nordlander Peter , Halas Naomi J. 
Published: June 2019

Significance
One critical challenge of solar thermal distillation is the need to collect and focus sunlight, since purified water output increases with increasing solar intensity. Here we show substantial increases in the efficiency of solar thermal distillation by redistributing direct sunlight intensity with small focusing elements rather than by increasing overall intensity with large solar concentrators. This is because solar thermal distillation depends upon the saturation vapor pressure of water, which has an exponential temperature dependence, making purified water output exponentially dependent upon light intensity. This observation should redirect design efforts to focus on exploiting this nonlinearity, rather than increasing solar collector size, for higher-performance solar water purification systems within a small footprint, suitable for portability and use in remote locations.
Complete reconstitution of bypass and blocking functions in a minimal artificialFab-7insulator fromDrosophila bithoraxcomplex
Authors: Kyrchanova Olga , Sabirov Marat , Mogila Vladic , Kurbidaeva Amina , Postika Nikolay , Maksimenko Oksana , Schedl Paul , Georgiev Pavel 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceThreeHoxgenes—Ubx,abd-A,andAbd-B—in theDrosophila bithoraxcomplex are regulated by enhancer domains that drive parasegment-specific expression. The boundary/insulator elements flank the regulatory domains, ensuring their autonomous activity. The presence of boundaries poses a paradox of how enhancers located in regulatory domains can bypass intervening boundaries to properly regulate one of theHoxgenes. Here we constructed in vivo boundaries consisting of multimerized binding sites for several architectural proteins that block cross-talk between neighboring regulatory domains and do not allow enhancer bypass. However, adding the 242-bp core of the endogenous boundary,Fab-7, completely restores bypass activity. Our results show that thebithoraxboundary can be functionally divided into separate insulator and bypass modules.
Appraising and reappraising of compliments and the provision of responses
Authors: Morady Moghaddam Mostafa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe role of cognitive processes in compliment-response (CR) exchanges is an underdeveloped area of investigation. This article aims to probe whether Persian speakers’ responses to compliments change in line with their appraisals of the situation. To achieve this aim, Persian speakers’ responses to compliments are analysed based on their first and second appraisals of the event. In this study, with a focus on the CR exchanges, Persian speakers (N = 160) were observed and audio-recorded during everyday conversation. The results of this study manifest that Persian speakers have distinct (and even opposite) reactions based on their first and second appraisal of compliments. This suggests, therefore, that Appraisal 1 and Appraisal 2 undergo different sociocognitive processes that reflect automatic and non-automatic responses to compliments. It is concluded that the relation between Appraisal 1 and Appraisal 2 is mostly contradictory rather than confirmatory, in that the first compliment is mostly appraised as a politeness strategy (a social lubricant), whereas the second compliment is frequently appraised as purposeful or strategic praise. In addition, the first compliment is responded to automatically, whereas the second compliment is approached non-automatically.