bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex as a biological variable in the pathology and pharmacology of neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases
Authors: Honarpisheh Pedram , McCullough Louise D. 
Published: April 2019

The incidence of dementia, most commonly caused by cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, continues to grow as our population ages. Alzheimer disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are responsible for more than 80% of all cases of dementia. There are few effective, long‐term treatments for AD and VCI‐related conditions (e.g., stroke and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)). This review focuses on AD (as the most common “neurodegenerative” cause of dementia), CAA (as an “emerging” cause of dementia), and stroke (as the most common cause of “vascular” dementia). We will discuss the available literature on the pharmacological therapies that demonstrate sex differences, which refer to any combination of structural, chromosomal, gonadal, or hormonal differences between males and females. We will emphasize the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in the design of preclinical and clinical studies that investigate underlying pathologies or response to pharmacological interventions in dementia.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc
A cross‐sectional study on intergenerational parenting and attachment patterns in adult children of parents with mental illness
Authors: Patrick Pamela M. , Reupert Andrea E. , McLean Louise A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study adds to the existing knowledge about adult children of parents with mental illness. The aim was to explore differences between adult children of parents with mental illness and parents in the general population on a range of adult relationship and parenting variables. Utilizing a cross‐sectional design, 86 adults across Australia participated in this study (47 general population; 39 adult children of parents with mental illness). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and parametric tests. Adult children of parents with mental illness were found to be more permissive in their parenting compared with parents in the general population. However, between‐group differences were not found on measures of parenting competence, adult attachment, and relationship satisfaction. These findings suggest that adult children of parents with mental illness are able to thrive just as well as individuals in the general population but may require some support in the form of parental skills training. The paper concludes by highlighting the role of mental health professionals in the empowerment and resilience building of adult children of parents with mental illness.
Heineke–Mikulicz pyloroplasty for the treatment of pyloric stenosis secondary to gastro‐duodenal ulcer disease in three foals
Authors: Kent A. V. , Slone D. E. , Clark C. K. , Lynch T. M. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe objective of the study was to describe a modified Heineke–Mikulicz pyloroplasty for the treatment of pyloric stenosis in foals due to gastric ulceration and assess the short‐ and long‐term outcome of foals receiving the pyloroplasty. Medical records of foals undergoing a modified Heineke–Mikulicz pyloroplasty due to gastric outflow obstruction secondary to a pyloric stenosis were included in this retrospective case series. The pyloroplasty consisted of an oral to aboral full thickness longitudinal incision on the ventral aspect of the pylorus and proximal duodenum, which was sutured closed with 0 polydioxanone in a transverse orientation, thereby, enlarging the pyloric lumen diameter. Long‐term outcome was obtained from medical and race records. The pyloroplasty was successfully performed in three foals with a surgical time of 95–121 min, with immediate return to nursing and hospital stay of 4–14 days. Complications included a small intestinal volvulus and intra‐abdominal adhesions in a foal that did not survive. Another foal had an incisional infection. Two of the three foals went on to race. It was concluded that the pyloroplasty procedure is an acceptable option for the treatment of pyloric stenosis and secondary gastric outflow obstruction due to gastric ulceration. The limited amount of bowel manipulation with no change in intestinal flow, along with the successful outcomes achieved, make this another surgical option available for the correction of pyloric stenosis in foals.
Nutritional quality evaluation of commercial protein supplements
Authors: Corgneau Magda , Gaiani Claire , Petit Jeremy , Nikolova Yoana , Banon Sylvie , Ritié‐Pertusa Léa , Le Doan Thanh Lam , Scher Joël 
Published: April 2019

SummaryProtein supplements have received increasing attention by consumers over the last few decades. However, hundreds of them have recently exhibited irregularities including lower quantities of proteins than disclosed values. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of six commercial protein supplement powders (calcium caseinate, milk protein concentrate, egg white, pea protein isolate, whey protein concentrate and soy protein isolate). The chemical composition, amino acid content and in vitro digestibility were examined. Thus, calculate the amino acid scores corrected for amino acid and protein digestibility. In vitro digestion was also conducted and protein hydrolysis was monitored by SDS‐page. Calcium caseinate powder and whey protein concentrate were only composed of proteinogenic amino acids and exhibited the highest essential amino acid content. As regards in vitro digestibility, these two supplements perfectly meet the quality expectations of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). Conversely, the other four supplements exhibited a lower quality than the FAO reference protein. This was due to low digestibility (for egg white and milk concentrate) and/or lack of a specific essential amino acid (for milk concentrate and pea isolate).
Active gelatin films incorporated with eugenol nanoemulsions: effect of emulsifier type on films properties
Authors: Dammak Ilyes , Sobral Paulo José do Amaral 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe objective of this work was to study the impacts of the addition of eugenol nanoemulsions (NE) stabilised with two natural emulsifiers, soy lecithin (SL) or sodium caseinate (NaCas), on the properties of gelatin films for active packaging. All the films added with NE displayed higher tensile strength and elongation at break than control films. Films added with NaCas‐stabilised NE were more resistant to tension compared to films added with SL‐stabilised NE. Gelatin films added with both NE, showed significant differences in surface roughness compared to control film. Fourier‐transform infrared spectra showed that both NE achieved complete miscibility within the films. Differential scanning calorimetry analyses suggested compatibility among both NE embedded into the films. These films indicated great antioxidant activities monitored via ABTS radical scavenging activities. These findings are essential to better design active films incorporated with nanoemulsions, in order to optimise film formulation rationally towards their eventual application as food packaging.
Encounters with difference: Mental health nurses and Indigenous Australian users of mental health services
Authors: Molloy Luke , Walker Kim , Lakeman Richard , Lees David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article presents findings from the multi‐sited ethnography of mental health nursing practice as it relates to the care of Indigenous users of public mental health services in Australia. It provides an analysis of mental health nurses beliefs and ideas about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people encountered over the course of this research. The Indigenous service user was positioned as Other to the non‐Indigenous mental health nurse, and to non‐Indigenous service users. Cultural difference and the legacy of colonization, including its impact on the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, contributed to these beliefs of alterity. Despite emphasizing the differences with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in mental health services, nurses did not clearly relate this to Indigenous ways of understanding ill health. While cultural differences were recognized, what they meant for the nurses or their nursing practice was interpreted in different ways. In these circumstances, approaches towards care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people varied between nurses.
Effect of silicon on activity coefficients of Bi, Cd, Sn, and Ag in liquid Fe‐Si, and implications for differentiation and core formation
Authors: Righter K. , Pando K. , Ross D. K. , Righter M. , Lapen T. J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe depletion of volatile siderophile elements (VSE) Sn, Ag, Bi, Cd, and P in mantles of differentiated planetary bodies can be attributed to volatile‐depleted precursor materials (building blocks), fractionation during core formation, fractionation into and retention in sulfide minerals, and/or volatile loss associated with magmatism. Quantitative models to constrain the fractionation due to core formation have not been possible due to the lack of activity and partitioning data. Interaction parameters in Fe‐Si liquids have been measured at 1 GPa, 1600 °C and increase in the order Cd (~6), Ag (~10), Sn (~28), Bi (~46), and P (~58). These large and positive values contrast with smaller and negative values in Fe‐S liquids indicating that any chalcophile behavior exhibited by these elements will be erased by dissolution of a small amount of Si in the metallic liquid. A newly updated activity model is applied to Earth, Mars, and Vesta. Five elements (P, Zn, Sn, Cd, and In) in Earth's primitive upper mantle can largely be explained by metal‐silicate equilibrium at high PT conditions where the core‐forming metal is a Fe‐Ni‐S‐Si‐C metallic liquid, but two other—Ag and Bi—become overabundant during core formation and require a removal mechanism such as late sulfide segregation. All of the VSE in the mantle of Mars are consistent with core formation in a volatile element depleted body, and do not require any additional processes. Only P and Ag in Vesta's mantle are consistent with combined core formation and volatile‐depleted precursors, whereas the rest require accretion of chondritic or volatile‐bearing material after core formation. The concentrations of Zn, Ag, and Cd modeled for Vesta's core are similar to the concentration range measured in magmatic iron meteorites indicating that these volatile elements were already depleted in Vesta's precursor materials.
An mHealth voice messaging intervention to improve infant and young child feeding practices in Senegal
Authors: Downs Shauna M. , Sackey Joachim , Kalaj Jozefina , Smith Stephen , Fanzo Jessica 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMobile health (mHealth) interventions have the potential to improve infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices; however, gaps in the literature remain regarding their design, implementation, and effectiveness. The aims of this study were to design an mHealth voice messaging intervention delivered to mothers and fathers targeting IYCF practices and examine its implementation and impact in households with children 6–23 months in three rural villages in Senegal. We conducted focus groups (n = 6) to inform the intervention development. We then conducted a pilot study (n = 47 households) to examine the impact of the intervention on IYCF practices of children 6–23 months. Voice messages were sent to the children's mothers and fathers over a period of 4 weeks (two messages per week; eight messages in total), and 24‐hr dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were conducted before and immediately after the implementation of the mHealth intervention to examine its impact on IYCF practices. Overall, three of the eight behaviours increased and one decreased. There was a significant increase in the number of children that consumed fish (60% vs. 94%; p = .008) as measured by the 24‐hr recall after the completion of the intervention. We also found significantly higher frequency of egg (p = .026), fish (p = .004), and thick porridge (p = .002) consumption in the previous 7 days measured by the FFQ. Our findings suggest that voice messaging IYCF interventions in Senegal have the potential to improve IYCF behaviours among young children in the short term. Future research should entail scaling‐up the intervention and examining its sustainability over the long‐term.
The Poor Lady Immured
Authors: Heath Eugene 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis essay offers cautionary considerations on what has come to be called “public philosophy.” A conception of philosophy is set forth using Socrates as the paradigm of relentless philosophical questioning. The essay then outlines three types of public philosophy: a philosophy situated in a public setting, a philosophy whose content is modified for a varied public, and a philosophy that functions as normative consensus. The most important of these three is the philosophy modified for the public. The discussion notes examples of public philosophy from the history of philosophy, and examines the contribution of eighteenth‐century philosophers (such as David Hume) to a version of public philosophy. The risks of public philosophy are noted—in particular, that a modified philosophy may substitute the inculcation of belief over the modeling of philosophy. The essay concludes by noting that the university classroom remains an important but forgotten venue of public philosophy.
What is new and what is nationalist about Europe's new nationalism? Explaining the rise of the far right in Europe
Authors: Halikiopoulou Daphne , Vlandas Tim 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFar‐right parties are on the rise across Europe. Their shared populist rhetoric, emphasis on sovereignty and policies that promote a ‘national preference’ has facilitated the term ‘the new nationalism’. According to an emerging consensus, this new nationalism is primarily a demand‐side phenomenon triggered by cultural grievances, i.e. a cultural backlash, driven by those on the wrong end of a new transnational cleavage. This explanation we argue tends to overlook important variations across countries and across time. As such, in this article, we contest the view that the ‘new nationalism’ is a linear and coherent phenomenon best understood as a cultural backlash. Specifically, our argument is threefold: (1) it is important to conceptually distinguish between populism, nationalism and the far right in order to draw meaningful conclusions about the extent to which this phenomenon is linear, coherent and comparable across cases; (2) voters' economic concerns remain pivotal within the context of the transnational cleavage, entailing that voting behaviour is structured by two dimensions of contestation; (3) the explanatory power of nationalism is in the supply, i.e. the ways in which parties use nationalism strategically in an attempt to broaden their appeal.
An Enhanced Axisymmetric Solid Element for Rotor Dynamic Model Improvement
Authors: Hu Lingnan , Palazzolo Alan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The authors present an improved formulation for the axisymmetric solid harmonic finite element (FE) modeling of a flexible, spinning rotor. A thorough comparison of beam-type FE and axisymmetric solid FE rotor models is presented, indicating the errors that result from beam FE usage for various nondimensional rotor topologies. The axisymmetric rotor is meshed in only two dimensions: axial and radial, with both displacement fields being represented with Fourier series expansions. Centrifugal stress-stiffening and spin-softening effects are included in all elements and most importantly in modeling flexible disks. Beam FE and axisymmetric FE natural frequencies, mode shapes, and critical speeds are compared to identify shaft geometries where the beam model yields a significant error. Finally, limitations of beam FE models and guidance for utilizing axisymmetric solid FE models in rotor dynamic simulations are provided.
Long Noncoding RNA ELIT-1 Acts as a Smad3 Cofactor to Facilitate TGFβ/Smad Signaling and Promote Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Sakai Satoshi , Ohhata Tatsuya , Kitagawa Kyoko , Uchida Chiharu , Aoshima Takuya , Niida Hiroyuki , Suzuki Tetsuro , Inoue Yasumichi , Miyazawa Keiji , Kitagawa Masatoshi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

TGFβ is involved in various biological processes, including development, differentiation, growth regulation, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). In TGFβ/Smad signaling, receptor-activated Smad complexes activate or repress their target gene promoters. Smad cofactors are a group of Smad-binding proteins that promote recruitment of Smad complexes to these promoters. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), which behave as Smad cofactors, have thus far not been identified. Here, we characterize a novel lncRNA EMT-associated lncRNA induced by TGFβ1 (ELIT-1). ELIT-1 was induced by TGFβ stimulation via the TGFβ/Smad pathway in TGFβ-responsive cell lines. ELIT-1 depletion abrogated TGFβ-mediated EMT progression and expression of TGFβ target genes including Snail, a transcription factor critical for EMT. A positive correlation between high expression of ELIT-1 and poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer suggests that ELIT-1 may be useful as a prognostic and therapeutic target. RIP assays revealed that ELIT-1 bound to Smad3, but not Smad2. In conjunction with Smad3, ELIT-1 enhanced Smad-responsive promoter activities by recruiting Smad3 to the promoters of its target genes including Snail, other TGFβ target genes, and ELIT-1 itself. Collectively, these data show that ELIT-1 is a novel trans-acting lncRNA that forms a positive feedback loop to enhance TGFβ/Smad3 signaling and promote EMT progression.

Significance:
This study identifies a novel lncRNA ELIT-1 and characterizes its role as a positive regulator of TGFβ/Smad3 signaling and EMT.
Targeting High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) Promotes Cell Death in Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Kam Angel Y.F. , Piryani Sadhna O. , McCall Chad M. , Park Hee Su , Rizzieri David A. , Doan Phuong L. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is associated with a dysregulated innate immune system. The purpose of this study was to determine whether modulation of the innate immune system via high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) could reduce cell viability in MDS.

Experimental Design:
We quantified HMGB1 in an MDS cell line MDS-L and in primary MDS cells compared with nonmalignant hematopoietic cells. We performed loss-of-function studies of HMGB1 using pooled siRNAs and a small-molecule inhibitor sivelestat compared with standard chemotherapy. We measured levels of engraftment of MDS-L cells in NOD-scidIL2Rgnull (NSG) mice following treatment with sivelestat. Mechanistically, we interrogated cell survival pathways and 45 targets within the NFκB pathway using both protein analysis and a proteome profiler array.

Results:
We discovered that HMGB1 had increased expression in both MDS-L cells and in primary CD34+ MDS cells compared with healthy CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Sivelestat impaired MDS cell expansion, increased cellular death, and spared healthy hematopoietic cells. MDS-L marrow engraftment is reduced significantly at 17 weeks following treatment with sivelestat compared with control mice. Treatment of CD34+ MDS cells with sivelestat and azacitidine or decitabine was additive to increase apoptotic cell death compared with chemotherapy alone. Sivelestat promoted apoptosis with increased expression of PUMA, activated caspase 3, and increased DNA double-strand breaks. Inhibition of HMGB1 reduced levels of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and suppressed activation of NFκB in MDS-L cells.

Conclusions:
Inhibition of HMGB1 could promote MDS cell death and alter innate immune responses via suppression of NFκB pathways.
Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Inequities in the Prescription of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism in the United States
Authors: Nathan Ashwin S. , Geng Zhi , Dayoub Elias J. , Khatana Sameed Ahmed M. , Eberly Lauren A. , Kobayashi Taisei , Pugliese Steven C. , Adusumalli Srinath , Giri Jay , Groeneveld Peter W. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Beginning in 2012, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were approved for treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism. Prior investigations have demonstrated slow rates of adoption of novel therapeutics for black patients. We assessed the association of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic factors with DOAC use among commercially insured venous thromboembolism patients.

Methods and Results:

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of adult patients with an incident diagnosis of venous thromboembolism between January 2010 and December 2016 using OptumInsight’s Clinformatics Data Mart. We identified the first filled oral anticoagulant prescription within 30 days of discharge of an inpatient admission. We performed a multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, zip code–linked household income, and clinical covariates to identify factors associated with the use of DOACs. Race and ethnicity were determined in this database through a combination of public records, self-report, and proprietary ethnicity code tables. There were 14 140 patients included in the analysis. Treatment with DOACs increased from <0.1% in 2010 to 65.6% in 2016. In multivariable analyses, black patients were less likely to receive a DOAC compared with white patients (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77–0.97;
P
=0.02). There were no differences in DOAC utilization among Asian (odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.75–1.49;
P
=0.74) or Hispanic patients (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.88–1.22;
P
=0.66) compared with whites. Patients with a household income over $100 000 per year were more likely to receive DOAC therapy compared with patients with a household income of <$40 000 per year (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.33–1.69;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions:
Although DOAC adoption has increased steadily since 2012, among a commercially insured population, black race and low household income were associated with lower use of DOACs for incident venous thromboembolism despite controlling for other clinical and socioeconomic factors. These findings suggest the possibility of both racial and socioeconomic inequity in access to this novel pharmacotherapy.