bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instantaneous polarized light imaging reveals activity dependent structural changes of dendrites in mouse hippocampal slices
Authors: Koike-Tani Maki , Tominaga Takashi , Oldenbourg Rudolf , Tani Tomomi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntrinsic Optical Signal (IOS) imaging has been widely used to map patterns of brain activityin vivoin a label-free manner. Traditional IOS refers to changes in light transmission, absorption, and scattering, which have been correlated with neuronal swelling and volume changes in the observed tissue. Here we use polarized light for IOS imaging to monitor structural changes of cellular and sub-cellular architectures of neurons due to their synaptic activity in isolated brain slices. In order to reveal fast spatio-temporal changes of birefringence associated with neuronal activity, we developed the instantaneous PolScope. The instantaneous PolScope records changes in transmission, birefringence, and slow axis orientation in tissue at high spatial and temporal resolution using a single camera exposure. These capabilities enabled us to correlate polarization-sensitive IOS with traditional IOS on the same preparations. We detected reproducible spatio-temporal changes in both IOSs at the stratum radiatum in mouse hippocampal slices evoked by Schaffer collateral stimulation in the CA1 area. Upon stimulation, changes in traditional IOS signals were broadly similar across the area, while birefringence imaging revealed local variations not seen in traditional IOS. Locations with high resting birefringence produced larger stimulation-evoked birefringence changes than those with low resting birefringence. Local application of glutamate to the synaptic region in CA1 induced increase in both transmittance and birefringence signals. Blocking synaptic transmission with CNQX and D-APV (inhibitors of AMPA-and NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors, respectively) reduced the peak amplitude of the optical signals. Changes in both IOSs were enhanced by an inhibitor of the membranous glutamate transporter, DL-TBOA. Our results indicate that birefringence imaging can monitor structural alterations of dendrites subjected to excitatory synaptic transmission also associated with neuronal activity in the brain.
Benchmarking the triple-A supply chain: orchestrating agility, adaptability, and alignment
Authors: Feizabadi Javad , Maloni Michael , Gligor David 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Limited research examines the triple-A supply chain of agility, adaptability and alignment. The purpose of this paper is to draw on extant literature under the lens of resource orchestration theory to develop a comprehensive framework of antecedents and consequences of triple-A supply chains, allowing both scholars and practitioners to benchmark and prioritize triple-A capabilities.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic literature review focusing on four supply chain journals is conducted to integrate the distinct bodies of knowledge on supply chain agility, adaptability and alignment.

Findings
The integration of this literature identifies common and distinct antecedents and consequences of each, developing a comprehensive model of triple-A supply chains as well as proposing opportunities for further study.

Originality/value
Limited studies to date have an integrated agility, adaptability and alignment, thus lacking a comprehensive framework of triple-A supply chains. Managers can use the findings to determine actions needed to deploy triple-A capabilities and better understand the resulting potential benefits.
A comparative study of HR involvement in strategic decision-making in China and Australia
Authors: Zhao Shuming , Sheehan Cathy , De Cieri Helen , Cooper Brian 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address gaps in the knowledge about human resource (HR) professional involvement in strategic decision-making in China compared with that in Australia.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the authors compare the strategic involvement of Chinese and Australian HR professionals. Second, based on the upper echelon theory, the authors compare the impact of chief executive officer (CEO) and top management team (TMT) between both countries on HR involvement in strategic decision-making. Data were collected from matched pairs of HR and TMT executives in China (n= 168) and in Australia (n= 102).FindingsResults indicate a difference, despite of no statistical significance, in HR involvement in strategic decision-making between Chinese and Australian samples. TMT behavioural integration was positively related to HR involvement in strategic decision-making in a collectivistic culture (i.e. in China), but not in an individualistic culture (i.e. in Australia). However, CEO support for HRM was positively related to HR involvement in strategic decision-making in Australia, whereas it is not related in China.Originality/valueThe paper conducts a comparative study and practical, and research implications are discussed at the end.
Endemic and cosmopolitan fungal taxa exhibit differential abundances in total and active communities of Antarctic soils
Authors: Cox Filipa , Newsham Kevin K. , Robinson Clare H. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryOur understanding of the diversity and community dynamics of soil fungi has increased greatly through the use of DNA‐based identification. Community characterization of metabolically active communities via RNA sequencing has previously revealed differences between ‘active’ and ‘total’ fungal communities, which may be influenced by the persistence of DNA from nonactive components. However, it is not known how fungal traits influence their prevalence in these contrasting community profiles. In this study, we coextracted DNA and RNA from soil collected from three Antarctic islands to test for differences between total and active soil fungal communities. By matching these geographically isolated fungi against a global dataset of soil fungi, we show that widely dispersed taxa are often more abundant in the total community, whilst taxa restricted to Antarctica are more likely to have higher abundance in the active community. In addition, we find that active communities have lower richness, and show a reduction in the abundance of the most dominant fungi, whilst there are consistent differences in the abundances of certain taxonomic groups between the total and active communities. These results suggest that the views of soil fungal communities offered by DNA‐ and RNA‐based characterization differ in predictable ways.
Effects of habitat fragmentation on the functional diversity of insects in Thousand Island Lake, China
Authors: Tu Tian‐Hao , Wang Ji‐Rui , Gu Jian‐Qiang , Li Tian‐Qi , Lv Kun , Zhou Guo‐Xin , Xu Zhi‐Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDue to habitat fragmentation, the loss of species diversity has been extensively studied. On the contrary, the effects of habitat fragmentation on functional diversity is still poorly understood. In the Thousand Island Lake, we conducted studies of insect functional diversity on a set of 29 isolated islands. We used 10 functional diversity indices from three aspects (functional richness, functional evenness and functional divergence) to respectively describe functional diversity of insects on sample islands.We found the following results: (i) The functional indices selected could reflect the functional diversity of sample islands and it is further proved that in general, three components of functional diversity were independent of each other; (ii) Sample islands could be divided into two categories, island JSD and the remaining islands; (iii) Functional richness increased with island area and shape index, but had no significant correlation with isolation. Likewise, both functional evenness and functional divergence had no significant correlation with island attributes. The conclusion to emphasize from our research is that: (i) habitat fragmentation reduced the biological functional diversity to some extent, further demonstrating the importance of habitat continuity in biodiversity protection; and (ii) for functional diversity protection of insects in a fragmented landscape, an island which has high approximate shape index values of at least hundred hectare magnitude order has a critical promoting effect.
Pictorial review of Morel‐Lavallée lesions
Authors: Hussein Karim , White Benjamin , Sampson Matthew , Gupta Sunil 
Published: January 2019

SummaryA Morel‐Lavallée lesion is a post‐traumatic soft tissue degloving injury which presents as a haemolymphatic mass or collection. Morel‐Lavallée lesions are the result of direct trauma or shearing forces abruptly separating skin and subcutaneous tissue from underlying fascia causing disruption of perforating vessels and nerves, creating a potential space that may fill with blood, lymph and debris forming a collection. Morel‐Lavallée lesions usually occur adjacent to osseous protuberances, most commonly along the greater trochanter. Early diagnosis and management is essential to prevent complications. We present this pictorial review to highlight the imaging characteristics of Morel‐Lavallée lesions across imaging modalities to improve recognition, early diagnosis and management.
Changes in Pain Score Associated With Clinically Meaningful Outcomes in Children With Acute Pain
Authors: Tsze Daniel S. , Hirschfeld Gerrit , von Baeyer Carl L. , Suarez Leonor E. , Dayan Peter S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying changes in pain score associated with clinically meaningful outcomes is necessary when using self‐report measures to assess pain in children. We aimed to determine the changes in pain score associated with a minimum clinically significant difference (MCSD), ideal clinically significant difference (ICSD), and patient‐perceived adequate analgesia (PPAA) and to evaluate for differences based on initial pain intensity and patient characteristics.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of children 6 to 17 and 4 to 17 years old who were assessed using the Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (VNRS) and Faces Pain Scale–Revised (FPS‐R), respectively. Children qualitatively described any endorsed change in pain score; those who received an analgesic were asked if they wanted additional analgesics to decrease their pain intensity. We used a receiver operating characteristic curve–based methodology to identify changes in pain score associated with “a little less” and “much less” pain (MCSD and ICSD, respectively) and patients declining additional analgesics because of adequate analgesia (PPAA).ResultsWe enrolled 431 children with painful conditions. For the VNRS, raw change and percent reductions in pain scores associated with MCSD, ICSD, and PPAA were 2/10 and 20%, 3/10 and 44%, and 2/10 and 29%, respectively, and for the FPS‐R, 2/10 and 33%, 4/10 and 60%, and 4/10 and 40%, respectively. Raw change in pain scores increased with increasing initial pain intensity, but percent reductions remained stable. There were no significant differences based on patient characteristics such as age, sex, and race/ethnicity.ConclusionOur findings provide patient‐centered outcomes in children that are suitable for designing trials and are generalizable across patient characteristics.
Bionic hand as artificial organ: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Aman Martin , Sporer Matthias E. , Gstoettner Clemens , Prahm Cosima , Hofer Christian , Mayr Winfried , Farina Dario , Aszmann Oskar C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEven though the hand comprises only 1% of our body weight, about 30% of our central nervous systems (CNS) capacity is related to its control. The loss of a hand thus presents not only the loss of the most important tool allowing us to interact with our environment, but also leaves a dramatic sensory‐motor deficit that challenges our CNS. Reconstruction of hand function is therefore not only an essential part of restoring body integrity and functional wholeness but also closes the loop of our neural circuits diminishing phantom sensation and neural pain. If biology fails to restore meaningful function, today we can resort to complex mechatronic replacement that have functional capabilities that in some respects even outperform biological alternatives, such as hand transplantation. As with replantation and transplantations, the challenge of bionic replacement is connecting the target with the CNS to achieve natural and intuitive control. In recent years, we have developed a number of strategies to improve neural interfacing, signal extraction, interpretation and stable mechanical attachment that are important parts of our current research. This work gives an overview of recent advances in bionic reconstruction, surgical refinements over technological interfacing, skeletal fixation, and modern rehabilitation tools that allow quick integration of prosthetic replacement.
Sustained virological response to hepatitis C treatment decreases the incidence of complications associated with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Li Jia , Gordon Stuart C. , Rupp Loralee B. , Zhang Talan , Trudeau Sheri , Holmberg Scott D. , Moorman Anne C. , Spradling Philip R. , Teshale Eyasu H. , Boscarino Joseph A. , Schmidt Mark A. , Daida Yihe G. , Lu Mei ,   the CHeCS Investigators
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundThe role of hepatitis C (HCV) eradication on the long‐term complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus remains incompletely studied.AimTo investigate whether antiviral treatment impacted risk of acute coronary syndrome, end‐stage renal disease, ischaemic stroke, and retinopathy among diabetic patients from the four US health systems comprising the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS).MethodsWe included CHeCS HCV patients with diagnosis codes for type 2 diabetes who were on antidiabetic medications. Patients were followed until an outcome of interest, death, or last health system encounter. The effect of treatment on outcomes was estimated using the competing risk analysis (Fine‐Gray subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR]), with death as a competing event.ResultsAmong 1395 HCV‐infected patients with type 2 diabetes, 723 (52%) were treated with either interferon‐based or direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs); 539 (75% of treated) achieved sustained virological response (SVR). After propensity score adjustment to address treatment selection bias, patients with SVR demonstrated significantly decreased risk of acute coronary syndrome (sHR = 0.36; P < 0.001), end‐stage renal disease (sHR = 0.46; P < 0.001), stroke (sHR = 0.34; P < 0.001), and retinopathy (sHR = 0.24; P < 0.001) compared to untreated patients. Results were consistent in subgroup analyses of DAA‐treated patients and interferon‐treated patients, an analysis of cirrhotic patients, as well as in sensitivity analyses considering cause‐specific hazards, exclusion of patients with on‐treatment retinopathy, and treatment status as a time‐varying covariate.ConclusionSuccessful HCV treatment among patients with type 2 diabetes significantly reduces incidence of acute coronary syndrome, end‐stage renal disease, ischaemic stroke, and retinopathy, regardless of cirrhosis. Our findings support the importance of HCV antiviral therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes to reduce the risk of these extrahepatic outcomes.
Consensus statements on the management of clinically localized prostate cancer from the Hong Kong Urological Association and the Hong Kong Society of Uro‐Oncology
Authors: Ma Wai‐Kit , Poon Darren Ming‐Chun , Chan Chi‐Kwok , Chan Tim‐Wai , Cheung Foon‐Yiu , Ho Lap‐Yin , Lee Eric Ka‐Chai , Leung Angus Kwong‐Chuen , Leung Simon Yiu‐Lam , So Hing‐Shing , Tam Po‐Chor , Kwong Philip Wai‐Kay 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo formulate consensus statements to facilitate physician management strategies for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) in Hong Kong by jointly convening a panel of 12 experts from the two local professional organizations representing PCa specialists, who had previously established consensus statements on the management of metastatic PCa for the locality.MethodsThrough a series of meetings, the panellists discussed their clinical experience and the published evidence regarding various areas of the management of localized PCa, then drafted consensus statements. At the final meeting, each drafted statement was voted on by every panellist based on its practicability of recommendation in the locality.ResultsA total of 76 consensus statements were ultimately accepted and established by panel voting.ConclusionDerived from the recent evidence and major overseas guidelines, along with local clinical experience and practicability, the consensus statements were aimed to serve as a practical reference for physicians in Hong Kong for the management of localized PCa.
Fire‐sensitive species dominate seed rain after fire suppression: Implications for plant community diversity and woody encroachment in the Cerrado
Authors: Mariano Vanessa , Rebolo Isabele F. , Christianini Alexander V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWoody encroachment is becoming common in tropical savannas. We studied natural seed rain and performed seed addition experiments in a Brazilian savanna that had not been burned for several decades. We found greater abundance of fire‐sensitive species in the seed rain, likely contributing to woody encroachment. Flexible fire management policies that allow for natural and prescribed fires may be required to maintain savanna diversity.
“I'm not what I used to be”: A qualitative study exploring how young people experience being diagnosed with a chronic illness
Authors: Kirk Susan , Hinton Denise 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildhood long‐term conditions are usually diagnosed in infancy or early childhood. Little is known about the particular experiences and needs of young people who receive a chronic illness diagnosis during adolescence or late childhood. This paper will examine this experience in relation to multiple sclerosis (MS), which is increasingly being diagnosed before adulthood.AimsTo explore how young people experience an MS diagnosis.MethodsQualitative study using a grounded theory approach. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 21 young people diagnosed with MS. Participants were recruited through health service and voluntary sector organizations in the United Kingdom.ResultsYoung people's pre‐illness normality was disrupted by the diagnosis of a chronic illness (MS). Participants experienced their body as changed physically, cognitively, and emotionally and as changeable due to symptom unpredictability. This influenced how participants perceived and presented their identity, disrupted their relationships, and altered their future biography. Young people developed strategies to manage their condition and identities in order to incorporate MS into their current and future lives, which required continual illness and identity work in response to changing symptoms, social contexts, and relationships.ConclusionsAlthough young peoples' experience of living with chronic illness has been widely explored, the aftermath of diagnosis has been underresearched from their perspective. This study contributes to this knowledge gap by illuminating how young people experience a chronic illness diagnosis and negotiate the resulting changes to their identity, relationships, and future. The findings suggest that young people need preparation and support in disclosing their diagnosis to others. Professionals supporting young people with long‐term conditions need to work closely with specialist mental health services to ensure that they receive appropriate emotional support. Schools have an important role in ensuring young people with long‐term conditions achieve their academic potential and receive appropriate careers advice.
EVEREST study report 4: Fluorescein angiography features predictive of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Tan Colin S. , Ngo Wei K. , Lim Louis W. , Tan Nikolle W. , Lim Tock H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractImportanceIt is important to identify features of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) that differentiate it from typical neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) on various imaging modalities, including fluorescein angiography (FA).BackgroundPCV was thought to be indistinguishable from nAMD using FA alone. In real‐world practice, indocyanine‐green angiography may often be unavailable or contraindicated.DesignAnalysis of FA images from a prospective, multicentre study.ParticipantsStudy images of both PCV and nAMD patients from the EVEREST study.MethodsFA features at baseline were independently graded by masked graders (fellowship‐trained ophthalmologists) using standardized diagnostic algorithms.Main Outcome MeasuresPredictive indicators (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) for PCV.ResultsOf the 95 patients screened, 61 had PCV. Of the 34 screening failures, 15 were diagnosed as nAMD. Hyperfluorescent nodules on FA were observed in 80% of patients with PCV vs 20% with nAMD (P < 0.001). Blocked fluorescence on FA, which corresponded to the presence of subretinal haemorrhage, occurred more frequently among patients with PCV vs nAMD (61.7% vs 13.3%, P = 0.001). Similarly, the leakage characteristic of occult choroidal neovascularization occurred more frequently among patients with PCV vs nAMD (95.0% vs 73.3%, P = 0.026). The positive predictive value for PCV was 94.1% for hyperfluorescent nodules, 94.9% for blocked fluorescence, 83.8% for occult choroidal neovascularization and 82.0% for pigment epithelial detachment.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study demonstrated that certain FA features can be predictive of PCV and may be considered as an indication for retina specialists to perform indocyanine green angiography as confirmatory test.
Intensification patterns and the probability of HbA1c goal attainment in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: real‐world evidence for the concept of ‘intensification inertia’
Authors: Pantalone K. M. , Misra‐Hebert A. D. , Hobbs T. M. , Ji X. , Kong S. X. , Milinovich A. , Weng W. , Bauman J. M. , Ganguly R. , Burguera B. , Kattan M. W. , Zimmerman R. S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the effects of ‘clinical’ and ‘intensification inertia’ by evaluating the impact of different intensification interventions on the probability of HbA1c goal attainment using real‐world data.MethodsElectronic health records (Cleveland Clinic, 2005–2016) were used to identify 7389 people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and HbA1c ≥53 mmol/mol (≥7.0%), despite a stable regimen of two oral antihyperglycaemic drugs for ≥6 months. The participants were stratified by index HbA1c and analysed over a 6‐month period for pharmacological intensification, and then for 12 additional months for HbA1c goal attainment (<53 mmol/mol).ResultsThe probability of HbA1c goal attainment (Kaplan–Meier analysis) in the group with index HbA1c 53–63 mmol/mol (7.0–7.9%) was highest with the addition of oral antidiabetic drugs [57.3% (95% CI 52.1, 62.0)] or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists [56.7% (95% CI 40.4, 68.6)], in the 64–74 mmol/mol (8.0–8.9%) group with the addition of oral antidiabetic drugs [31.9% (95% CI 25.1, 38.1)] or insulin [30.6% (95% CI 18.3, 41.0)], and in the ≥75 mmol/mol (≥9.0%) group with the addition of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists [53.0% (95% CI 31.8, 67.6)] or insulin [43.5% (95% CI 36.4, 49.8)].ConclusionsNumerical, but not statistically significant, differences in HbA1c goal attainment probability by type of intensification were most marked in people with the highest index HbA1c [≥75 mmol/mol (≥9.0%)]; in this group, injectable therapy showed trends toward greater glycaemic control benefits. Additional research into the phenomenon of intensification inertia is warranted.