bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A national ‘safe and just operating space’ for all in India: Past, Present and Futurea
Authors: Roy Ajishnu , Pramanick Kousik 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWith 1.3 billion populaces on the commencement of the 21stcentury, India is currently impending towards upholding a subtle equilibrium between persisting social development and well-being without depleting existing biophysical resources at the national level or surpassing global average per capita obtainability. In this paper, we have structured a top-down per capita framework to explore national ‘safe and just operating space’ (NSJOS) to apprehend not only past fluctuations that bring about the present conditions but also the plausible future consequences, with India as a case study. Coalescing 27 indicators, all pertaining to Sustainable Development Goals (except – SDG 17), accompanied by their corresponding environmental boundaries or preferred social thresholds, present study probes into both biophysical (for environmental stress) and social development (for social deficit) attributes of India. This analysis shows India has already crossed three of seven dimensions of biophysical boundaries (freshwater, nitrogen and phosphorus use). Also, at the existing rate, India is going to cross the remainder of the boundaries within 2045-2050 (climate change, arable land use, ecological and material footprint). Of 20 indicators used for social development, only five have already or will meet corresponding desired thresholds of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 2015. Using tendencies of past variations, the results indicate that if lowest per capita consumption can be attained and uphold, even with projected population growth, total consumption of four biophysical resources (climate change, nitrogen use, ecological and material footprint) can be slashed from today’s level in 2050. Adaptations in national policy are indispensable if India wants to accomplish sufficiency in biophysical resources whilst bestowing social equity in access and exploitation of those resources towards the continuance of social developments in forthcoming times.
Experimental study of Young modulus of Attacus atlas, Vespa crabro, and Libellula depressa wings
Authors: Landowski Michal , Kunicka-Kowalska Zuzanna , Sibilski Krzysztof 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper describes a scientific research aimed at obtaining data for determining Young modulus of the wings of selected insects’ species. A small testing machine intended for three-point bending and equipped with instruments registering low forces was constructed for the needs of the experiment. The machine was used to perform numerous bending tests of wings of three species of insects (obtained from a breeding farm): Attacus atlas, Vespa crabro, Libellula depressa in various air-humidity conditions. Values of the force and displacement obtained in the course of the tests were used to calculate Young modulus. In order to do so, it was also necessary to obtain the moment of inertia of the wing cross-section. These values were measured on the basis of the images obtained with a SEM microscope. Obtained results were averaged and presented with a breakdown by air-humidity conditions. It was observed that Young modulus decreased with an increase of humidity; hence the calculations of the percentage decrease of this mechanical parameter were performed. Obtained results were compared with the observed structure which was also presented under light microscope. It transpired that the construction of a wing does not only influence the mechanical values but also it influences their susceptibility to the changes occurring in the environment. Thereby, differences between Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera insects were indicated also within the aspect discussed in this paper.
Sex differences in fear regulation and reward seeking behaviors in a fear-safety-reward discrimination task
Authors: Greiner Eliza M. , Norris Makenzie R. , Müller Iris , Ng Ka H. , Sangha Susan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReward availability and the potential for danger or safety potently regulates emotion. Despite women being more likely than men to develop emotion dysregulation disorders, there are comparatively few studies investigating fear, safety and reward regulation in females. Here, we show that female Long Evans rats do not suppress conditioned freezing in the presence of a safety cue, nor do they extinguish their freezing response, whereas males do both. Females were also more reward responsive during the reward cue until the first footshock exposure, at which point there were no sex differences in reward seeking to the reward cue. Darting analyses indicate females might be able to regulate this behavior in response to the safety cue, suggesting they might be able to discriminate between fear and safety cues but do not demonstrate this with conditioned suppression of the freezing behavior. However, levels of darting in this study were too low to make any clear conclusions. In summary, females showed a significantly different behavioral profile than males in a task that tests the ability to discriminate among fear, safety and reward cues. This paradigm offers a great opportunity to test for mechanisms that are generating these behavioral sex differences in learned safety and reward seeking.
Concurrent neural representations of the current and forthcoming movement plans in the frontal eye field during a saccade sequence
Authors: Basu Debaleena , Murthy Aditya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe use sequences of saccadic eye movements to continually explore our visual environments. Previous studies have established that saccades in a sequence may be programmed in parallel by the oculomotor system. In this study, we tested the neural correlates of parallel programming of saccade sequences in the frontal eye field (FEF), using single-unit electrophysiological recordings from macaques performing a double-step saccade task. Neurons in the FEF range from visual neurons instantiating target selection, to movement neurons which prepare a saccadic response towards the selected target. The question of whether the FEF movement neurons undertake concurrent processing of multiple goals or saccade plans is yet unresolved. We show that when a peripheral target is foveated by a sequence of two saccades, FEF movement activity for the second saccade can be initiated whilst the first is still underway. Moreover, the onset of the movement activity varied parametrically with the behaviorally measured time available for parallel programming. Finally, the concurrent activity was specific for the final remapped motor vector connecting the first and the second targets and not the goal of the second saccade. In contrast, the upstream FEF visual-related neurons showed concurrent activity related to the goal of the second saccade, but not the remapped vector connecting the first and the second targets. Taken together, the results indicate that movement neurons, although located terminally in the FEF visual-motor spectrum, can accomplish concurrent processing of multiple saccade plans, leading to rapid execution of saccade sequences.
NMDA Receptor Dysregulation by Defective Depalmitoylation in the Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Mouse Model
Authors: Koster Kevin P , Francesconi Walter , Berton Fulvia , Alahmadi Sami , Srinivas Roshan , Yoshii Akira 
Published: August 2018

AbstractProtein palmitoylation and depalmitoylation alter protein function. This post-translational modification is critical for synaptic transmission and plasticity. Mutation of the depalmitoylating enzyme palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) causes infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN1), a pediatric neurodegenerative disease. However, the role of protein depalmitoylation in synaptic maturation is unknown. Therefore, we studied synapse development inPpt1-/-mouse visual cortex. We demonstrate the stagnation of the developmental N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit switch from GluN2B to GluN2A inPpt1-/-mice. Correspondingly, GluN2A-mediated synaptic currents are diminished andPpt1-/-dendritic spines maintain immature morphologyin vivo. Further, GluN2B is hyperpalmitoylated inPpt1-/-neurons and associated with extrasynaptic, diffuse calcium influxes and enhanced vulnerability to NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Remarkably,Ppt1-/-neurons treated with palmitoylation inhibitors demonstrate normalized levels of palmitoylated GluN2B and Fyn kinase, reversing susceptibility to excitotoxic insult. Thus, depalmitoylation of GluN2B by PPT1 plays a critical role in postsynapse maturation and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disease.
Maize EHD1 is Required for Kernel Development and Vegetative Growth through Regulating Auxin Homeostasis
Authors: Wang Yafei , Liu Wenwen , Wang Hongqiu , Du Qingguo , Fu Zhiyuan , Li Wen-Xue , Tang Jihua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe roles of EHDs in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in plants are poorly understood. Here, we isolated a maize mutant, designated asehd1, which showed defects in kernel development and vegetative growth. Positional cloning and transgenic analysis revealed thatehd1encodes an EHD protein. Internalization of the endocytic tracer FM4-64 was significantly reduced inehd1mutant andZmEHD1knock-out mutants. We further demonstrated that ZmEHD1 and ZmAP2 σ subunit physically interact in the plasma membranes. Cellular IAA levels were significantly lower inehd1mutant than in wild-type maize. Auxin distribution and ZmPIN1a-YFP localization were altered inehd1mutant. Exogenous application of 1-NAA but not GA3 rescued the seed germination and seedling emergency phenotypic defects ofehd1mutants. Taken together, these results indicate that ZmEHD1 regulates auxin homeostasis by mediating CME through its interaction with the ZmAP2 σ subunit, which is crucial for kernel development and vegetative growth of maize.
Hippo Pathway Deregulation Drives Tissue Stiffness and Cancer Stem-like Cells in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pankova Daniela , Jiang Yanyan , Vendrell Iolanda , Buzzelli Jon N. , Ryan Anderson , Brown Cameron , O’Neill Eric 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death due to poor treatment responses arising from tumor heterogeneity and epigenetic aberrations. Here we show that adverse prognosis associated with epigenetically silenced tumour suppressor RASSF1A is a consequence of increased extracellular matrix, tumour stiffness and metastatic disseminationin vivoandin vitro. We find that lung cancer cells with methylated RASSF1A display constitutive nuclear YAP1 and expression of prolyl4hydroxylase2 (P4HA2) into extracellular matrix that correlates with increases collagen deposition. Furthermore, we identify an epigenetic axis in tumour cells where elevated ECM impedes the intrinsic suppression of WNT signaling (via TPBG/5T4) triggering b-catenin-YAP1 activation and thus results in a cancer stem-like programming. As key drivers, we identified RASSF1A and P4HA2 mediating the ECM-dependent stemness and metastatic disseminationin vivo. Re-expression of RASSF1A or inhibition of P4HA2 activity reverse these effects and increase levels of lung differentiation markers (TTF-1, Mucin5B)in vivoandin vitro. Our study identifies an epigenetic program to cancer stemness and metastatic progression of lung adenocarcinoma and P4HA2 as potential target for uncoupling ECM signals towards cancer stemness.
Predicting provenance of forensic soil samples: soil DNA predicts habitat and environmental properties
Authors: Fløjgaard Camilla , Frøslev Tobias Guldberg , Brunbjerg Ane Kirstine , Bruun Hans Henrik , Moeslund Jesper , Hansen Anders Johannes , Ejrnæs Rasmus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEnvironmental DNA is increasingly applied in ecological studies, including forensic ecology where eDNA from soil can be used to pair samples or reveal sample provenance. We collected soil eDNA samples as part of a large national biodiversity research project across 130 sites in Denmark. We investigated the potential for soil eDNA in predicting provenance in terms of environmental conditions, habitat characteristics and geographic regions. We used linear regression for predicting environmental gradients of light, moisture, soil pH and nutrients (represented by Ellenberg Indicator Values, EIVs) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) to predict habitat class and geographic region. We found high predictive power for environmental gradients (R2 > 0.73). The discriminatory power of QDA in predicting habitat characteristics varied from high accuracy in predicting certain forest types, less accurate prediction of heathland and poor accuracy for geographic region. We demonstrate the application of provenance prediction in forensic science by evaluating and discussing two mock crime scenes. Here, we supplement with plant species lists from annotated sequences. Where predictions of environmental gradients and habitat classes give an overall accurate description of a crime scene, care should be taken when interpreting annotated sequences, e.g. due to erroneous assignments in GenBank. The outlined approach clearly demonstrates that basic ecological information that can be extracted from soil eDNA, contributing to the range of potential applications of eDNA in forensic ecology.
Strain typing and characterization of virulence genes in clinicalStaphylococcus aureusisolates from Kenya
Authors: Kyany’a Cecilia , Nyasinga Justin , Matano Daniel , Oundo Valerie , Wacira Simon , Sang Willie , Musila Lillian 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStaphylococcusaureusstrain typing is an important surveillance tool as particular strains have been associated with virulence and community and hospital acquired MRSA outbreaks globally. This study sought to determine the circulating strain types ofS.aureusin Kenya and establish the virulence genes among the strains. ClinicalS.aureusisolates from 3 hospitals in Kenya were sequenced on the Illumina Miseq and genomes assembled and annotated on PATRIC. Results demonstrated great diversity among the isolates with identification of 6 distinct CC (8,22,15,80,121,152), 8 ST types (8, 15, 22,80,121,152,241, 1633) and 8 spa types (t005, t037, t064, t084, t233, t2029, t272,t355). Novel STs (4705, 4707) and a novel spa type (t17826) were identified. The most prominent clonal complex was CC 152 comprised of only MSSA. A majority of MRSA isolates (3/4) typed to ST 241, CC8. One MRSA isolate typed to a novel ST 4705. All isolates were screened for a panel of 56 known virulence genes (19 adhesins, 9 hemolysins, 5 immune evasion proteins, 6 exo-enzymes and 19 toxins). 9 toxin genes were detected among the isolates with CC8 isolates having the highest numbers of toxin genes. An MSSA isolate (CC8) from a severe burn infection had the highest number of toxin genes (5). All MRSA isolates (CC8) had only 2 toxins, SEK and SEQ, whereas a majority of the MSSA isolates either had 0 or ≥2 toxins. SEK+SEQ and TSST-1+SEB+SEL toxin combinations were observed among patients whose disease resulted in hospitalization, an indicator of severe infections. This study confirms the highly heterogeneousS.aureuspopulation in Kenya. MSSA appear to have the potential of accumulating more toxin genes than MRSA. This co-occurrence of major toxin genes, some associated with MRSA, highlights the potential risks of outbreaks of highly virulent MRSA infections which would pose treatment challenges.
Estimating Individual Contributions to Complex DNA SNP Mixtures
Authors: Ricke Darrell O. , Fremont-Smith Philip , Watkins James , Boettcher Tara , Schwoebel Eric 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTMixture analysis and deconvolution methods can identify both known and unknown individuals contributing to DNA mixtures. These methods may not identify all DNA contributors with the remaining fraction of the mixture being contributed by one or more unknown individuals. The proportion of DNA contributed by individuals to a forensic sample can be estimated using their quantified mixture alleles. For short tandem repeats (STRs), methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights and or peak areas within a mixture. For single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, can be compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for high throughput sequencing (HTS)/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels.
Managing embodied carbon in buildings: a Pareto approach
Authors: Victoria Michele Florencia , Perera Srinath 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the carbon intensive building elements or “carbon hotspots” of office buildings in order to maximise the carbon reduction potential during design stages.Design/methodology/approachEmbodied carbon (EC) estimates of 28 office buildings in the UK were obtained and carbon hotspots of the sample (in accordance with the new rules of measurement (NRM) element classification) were identified using the 80:20 Pareto principle.FindingsFrame, substructure, external walls, services and upper floors were identified as carbon hotspots of the selected sample. However, findings do not support the 80:20 ratio in this case but propose a ratio of 80:36. Stairs, internal walls and partitions, internal doors, wall finishes, ceiling finishes and fittings and furnishings were identified as carbon insignificant elements that have a lower EC reduction potential compared to the rest.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are applicable to office buildings in the UK but the methodology is adaptable to different types of buildings in other countries.Originality/valueFindings unveil carbon intensive and carbon insignificant building elements of typical office buildings in the UK. This informs designers of the elements that could yield the highest potential EC savings via effective design choices. In addition, a logical design timeline is proposed for building elements based on their element hotspot category and design sequence to assist design decision making.
Participatory communication on internal social media – a dream or reality?
Authors: Madsen Vibeke Thøis 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore whether internal social media (ISM) introduces a new kind of participatory communication within organizations that is capable of influencing and moving the organization.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on two exploratory studies: a multiple case study in ten Danish organizations, and a single case study in a Danish bank.FindingsThe paper finds that different types of communication on ISM develop in different types of organizations. Participatory communication capable of changing the organization only develops when coworkers perceive that they have a license to critique. The paper, therefore, proposes to distinguish between three different types of communication arenas created by ISM: a quiet arena, a knowledge-sharing arena and a participatory communication arena.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is exploratory and based on two Danish case studies and the perceptions of coworkers and social media coordinators. A deeper, summative analysis of ISM across more and various organizations in multiple countries has to confirm the findings.Originality/valueThe paper conceptualizes ISM as an interactive and dynamic communication arena, and proposes that the participatory communication on ISM is a co-constructed process among coworkers, middle managers and top managers.
Cascaded signal processing approach for motor fault diagnosis
Authors: Panigrahy Parth Sarathi , Chattopadhyay Paramita 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to inspect strategic placing of different signal processing techniques like wavelet transform (WT), discrete Hilbert transform (DHT) and fast Fourier transform (FFT) to acquire the qualitative detection of rotor fault in a variable frequency drive-fed induction motor under challenging low slip conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
The algorithm is developed using Q2.14 bit format of Xilinx System Generator (XSG)-DSP design tool in MATLAB. The developed algorithm in XSG-MATLAB can be implemented easily in field programmable gate array, as a provision to generate the necessary VHDL code is available by its graphical user interface.

Findings
The applicability of WT is ensured by the effective procedure of base wavelet selection, which is the novelty of the work. It is found that low-order Daubechies (db) wavelets show decent shape matching with current envelope rather than raw current signal. This fact allows to use db1-based discrete wavelet transform-inverse discrete wavelet transform, where economic and multiplier-less design is possible. Prominent identity of 2sfs component is found even at low FFT points due to the application of suitable base wavelet.

Originality/value
The proposed method is found to be effective and hardware-friendly, which can be used to design a low-cost diagnostic instrument for industrial applications.
Factors influencing e-government adoption in India: a qualitative approach
Authors: Kumar Rajiv , Sachan Amit , Mukherjee Arindam , Kumar Ritu 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that enable citizens to adopt e-government services in India.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a qualitative approach by conducting semi-structured interviews.

Findings
The study reveals novel e-government adoption factors, namely, auxiliary facilities, corruption avoidance, transparency and fairness in process, customer support, connectedness and forced adoption, previously unexplored in e-government adoption literature. In addition, the results highlight 17 e-government adoption factors that strengthen the findings from previous literature.

Research limitations/implications
This study was qualitative in nature, and rather than generalization, the focus was explicitly on obtaining an in-depth understanding. The sample used was sufficient for the purpose of this study and allowed reasonable conclusions to be drawn; however, it cannot be considered representative of a vast country like India. Academicians and information systems researchers can use these findings for further research.

Practical implications
The findings of this study provide useful insights into the decision-making process of e-government services users in India and similar emerging economies. These findings can be important for government officials tasked with providing e-government services.

Originality/value
Previous studies in the context of e-government adoption, so far, have tried to integrate adoption factors from previous technology adoption models. Hence, these studies have not been able to capture the complete essence of e-government characteristics. In addition, there are limited studies in e-government adoption in the Indian context.