bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of boron oxide potentials for computer simulations of multicomponent oxide glasses
Authors: Deng Lu , Du Jincheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMolecular dynamics and related atomistic computer simulations are effective ways in studying the structures and structure–property relations of glass materials. However, simulations of boron oxide (B2O3)‐containing oxide glasses pose a challenge due to the lack of reliable empirical potentials. This paper reports development of a set of partial charge pairwise composition‐dependent potentials for boron‐related interactions that enable simulations of multicomponent borosilicate glasses, together with some of the existing parameters. This set of potentials was tested in sodium borate glasses and sodium borosilicate glasses and it is shown capable to describe boron coordination change with glass composition in wide composition ranges. Structure features such as boron N4 value, density, Qn species distribution, fraction of non‐bridging oxygen around boron and silicon, total correlation function, and bond angle distribution function were calculated and compared with available experimental data. Mechanical properties of the simulated glasses calculated with the new potential also show good agreement with experiments. Therefore, this new set of potential can be used to simulate boron oxide‐containing multicomponent glasses including those with wide industrial and technology applications.
Pressure‐enhanced densification of TaC ceramics during flash spark plasma sintering
Authors: Gu Junfeng , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFlash spark plasma sintering (FSPS) offers extremely high heating rates to consolidate ceramics at a short time. However, significant grain growth sometimes occurs accompanied by rapid densification. In this work, a FSPS apparatus available for applying pressure was used to sinter TaC ceramics from powder compacts without preheating. It is found that the use of a higher pressure can efficiently promote densification and retard significant grain growth. Dense bulk TaC ceramics (95.18%) with average grain size of 4.09 μm were obtained in 90 seconds under 80 MPa. Such a process should facilitate the fast preparation of refractory ceramics with fine‐grained microstructure.
Defect dipoles induced high‐energy storage density in Mn‐doped BST ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Huang Yu Hui , Liu Bing , Liu Xiao Qiang , Li Juan , Wu Yong Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBa0.5Sr0.5TiO3 ceramics with different Mn‐doping amount (Ba0.5Sr0.5Ti1‐xMnxO3, x = 0, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%) were prepared by spark plasma sintering method. The single phase with cubic structure symmetry was confirmed and a gradual increase in lattice parameter with increasing x was observed. Fine grains with dense microstructure were revealed from the SEM images, while an obvious increase in grain size was detected when x = 0.5%. An optimized doping amount of 0.3% was determined, showing high dielectric constant (εr ≈ 2190), low dielectric loss (tanδ ≈ 2.78 × 10−3), enhanced breakdown strength (290 kV/cm), and high‐energy storage density (1.69 J/cm3) at room temperature. A possible mechanism, namely defect dipoles formation mechanism, was employed to explain the optimization of energy storage performance, and further confirmed from the variation in AC conductivity.
Does adaptation to different diets result in assortative mating? Ambiguous results from experiments on Drosophila
Authors: Belkina Elena G. , Naimark Elena B. , Gorshkova Anastasiya A. , Markov Alexander V. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe emergence of behavioural isolation between populations under divergent selection can be crucial for ecological speciation, but the mechanisms underlying such isolation are poorly understood. Several experimental evolution studies have shown that positive assortative mating (preference for similar mates) can arise rapidly in Drosophila laboratory populations reared in different stressful conditions, while other studies failed to confirm this effect. Here, we present the results of an evolution experiment in which outbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster were reared for 1–2 years on one of the three different diets (standard, starch based or high salt). We show that nonrandom mating arose in some, but not all lines, and that the manifestations and possible interpretations of this nonrandomness depend strongly on the type of tests used to assess mating preferences. More specifically, multiple‐choice four‐fly tests revealed positive assortative mating (prevalence of homogamic matings) in some starch‐adapted and salt‐adapted lines when paired with a control line reared on the standard diet, but competitive three‐fly tests rather revealed competitive advantage of control males and females over the flies reared on stressful diets. The results imply that divergent adaptation can result in differences in mating propensity or competitive ability, which, in turn, may either facilitate or hamper speciation depending on the relative frequency of high‐ vs. low‐competition settings in natural habitats of the diverging populations. The results also emphasize the importance of using diverse tests for assessing mating structure in natural and laboratory populations.
The Nurse‐Engineer: A New Role to Improve Nurse Technology Interface and Patient Care Device Innovations
Authors: Glasgow Mary Ellen Smith , Colbert Alison , Viator John , Cavanagh Stephen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this article is to describe two innovative biomedical engineering and nursing collaborations designed to educate a new cadre of professionals and develop new knowledge and innovations (robots, patient care devices, and computer simulation).Organizing ConstructComplex health problems demand a highly skilled response that uses teams of professionals from various disciplines. When the biomedical engineering lens is expanded to include the practical perspective of nursing, opportunities emerge for greater technology–nurse interface and subsequent innovation. A joint nursing‐engineering degree program provides the ideal preparation for a well‐informed nurse‐engineer who can explore new and innovative solutions that will improve care and patient outcomes.ApproachA review of the literature provides the background on innovation and engineering in nursing and a rationale for the development of two innovative joint degrees, as well as a description of those programs.FindingsThese innovative programs will advance healthcare‐related technology and maximize the potential contribution of the nursing profession in the design and implementation of creative solutions. They also have the potential to increase the skills and knowledge for students enrolled in biomedical engineering or Bachelor of Science in nursing programs individually, providing them with interdisciplinary training and exposure.Clinical RelevanceImportant patient care improvement opportunities are missed when nurses are not actively engaged in patient care device innovation and creation. Innovative nurse and engineer collaborations are needed in various forms to leverage nurse ingenuity and create patient care innovations.
An observational study of environmental exposures, airway cytology, and performance in racing thoroughbreds
Authors: Ivester Kathleen M. , Couëtil Laurent L. , Moore George E. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMild equine asthma is presumed to arise in response to environmental exposures but the relative impact of differing inflammatory phenotypes upon performance are largely unexplored.Hypotheses: Airway inflammation negatively affects performance and cytological phenotype varies with environmental exposure.AnimalsThoroughbred racehorses in active training and racing.MethodsThoroughbreds were recruited 24‐48 hours before racing. Each horse was eligible for re‐enrollment with each race entry. Within one hour of race completion, physical examination, respiratory endoscopy, and BAL were performed. Respirable and inhalable dust, respirable endotoxin, and respirable β‐glucan exposures were measured at the breathing zone within one week after racing. Controlling for age, trainer, and pulmonary hemorrhage, the relationship between performance, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, and measures of exposure were modeled.ResultsPerformance and BALF data were collected on 64 individual horses from 8 stables for a total of 98 race performances and 79 dust exposure assessments. Evidence of mild equine asthma was found in 80% (78/98) of BALF samples from 52/64 horses. For each percent increase in BALF mast cell and neutrophil proportions, speed figures were reduced by 2.9 (P = .012) and 1.4 (P = .046) points, respectively. Respirable dust concentration was associated with BALF neutrophil proportions (P = .015). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mast cell proportions were only associated with respirable β‐glucan exposures (P = .030).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Mild equine asthma is common in racing horses and negatively impacts performance. The data support that respirable, rather than inhalable, dust exposure measures are pertinent to equine airway health.
Effect of valacyclovir on EHV‐5 viral kinetics in horses with equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Easton‐Jones Charlotte A. , Madigan John E. , Barnum Samantha , Maxwell Lara K. , Taylor Sandra D. , Arnesen Terry , Pusterla Nicola 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundEquine herpesvirus‐5 is commonly isolated from the lungs of horses with EMPF, suggesting an etiological link. Valacyclovir is used empirically to treat EMPF; however, no data is available concerning its impact on EHV‐5 viral kinetics.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of oral administration of valacyclovir on EHV‐5 viral load measured by qPCR in blood, nasal secretions (NS) and BALF in horses with EMPF.AnimalsSix horses diagnosed with EMPF.MethodsA prospective clinical trial was performed. Horses received 10 days of PO administered valacyclovir (loading dose 30 mg/kg, maintenance dose 20 mg/kg). Blood, NS, and BALF were collected for EHV‐5 viral kinetics analyses during treatment. Blood and NS were collected every other day. BALF was collected on day 0 and day 10.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in median EHV‐5 viral load between day 0 and day 10 for all samples tested. In blood median EHV‐5 viral load was 7676 (range 575‐39 781) on day 0 and 6822 (range 1136‐18 635) glycoprotein B (gB) gene copies per million cells on day 10. For NS median EHV‐5 viral load was 2.944 × 106 (range 184 691‐3.394 × 109) on day 0 and 8.803 × 106 (range 251 186‐9.868 × 108) gB gene copies per million cells on day 10. For BALF median EHV‐5 viral load was 59,842 (range 61‐315 655) on day 0 and 185 083 (range 3562‐542 417) gB gene copies per million cells on day 10.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceValacyclovir might not be an effective short‐term antiviral treatment but efficacy in treatment of EMPF is unknown.
Agency Theory and Work from Home
Authors: White Dustin R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWages for individuals working from home have converged toward, and even exceeded, those of office‐workers. I argue that these changes are driven by the ability of firms to monitor employees working from home. Using American Community Survey and Census data spanning 1980–2014, I find wage differentials have shifted from a 26 per cent penalty in 1980 to a 5 per cent premium in 2014. Furthermore, I find that higher wage variance (44 per cent greater in 1980) for home‐workers disappears by 2013. Changes in variance suggest that the falling cost of monitoring employee effort has made it less costly for firms to allow work from home. These findings support agency theory as a driver of the changes in wages and wage structure for individuals working from home.
“Is this our boasted constitution? Is this our liberty?”: Reading Milton in Ireland
Authors: Lahive Colin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis essay examines a largely undocumented aspect of Irish literary history: the reception and circulation of John Milton's writings in Ireland. Milton's negative views of the inhabitants of Ireland have been well documented, but this essay analyses some of the intellectual responses of readers, writers, and thinkers in Ireland to the English republic's leading apologist for the conquest of Ireland. I argue that such an approach is required in order to redirect the critical narrative away from examinations of the hackneyed anti‐Irish stereotypes written for colonial agendas and to shed light on the ways in which Milton was read to speak to and about a range of political, religious, social, and ethical issues in early modern and late modern Ireland. The essay also seeks to introduce my book‐length study of the topic which, ranging across printed and manuscript sources—from Irish translations of Milton's poetry to political appropriations of his controversial prose—interrogates the collective assumptions, aspirations, fears, anxieties, and prejudices of readers and writers in Ireland as they are revealed in response to the self‐conflicting voice of civil and religious liberties, on the one hand, and aggressive English colonialism on the other.
Thorns and roses: The international dimension of ‘Old English’ literature in Ireland
Authors: Herron Thomas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe amount of extant early modern “Old English” literature written in Ireland in English is scant and little referenced by modern scholars, and its historical and political dimensions are often ignored. This paper surveys the important place of the Old English community in early modern English and Irish letters. The modern, international, often Catholic, and renaissance dimension to Old English art, life, and letters in the Pale and beyond is emphasized. The Old English always looked beyond Ireland and England while directly or subtly referring to their own tumultuous affairs in their writing.
Anticoagulation and the risk of complications in ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular complex ablation
Authors: Lane Jem D. , Cannie Douglas , Volkova Elena , Graham Adam , Chow Anthony , Earley Mark J. , Hunter Ross J. , Khan Fakhar , Lambiase Pier D. , Schilling Richard , Sporton Simon , Dhinoja Mehul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMany patients undergoing ventricular tachycardia (VT) or premature ventricular complex (PVC) ablation receive antithrombotic medications. Their uninterrupted use has the potential to affect complication rates.We assessed the incidence of complications in a large cohort of patients undergoing these procedures, according to antithrombotic medication use.MethodsFrom June 2014 to June 2016, 201 VT and PVC ablations were performed at a single center. We allocated patients to three groups: (A) anticoagulation group (international normalized ratio ≥ 1.5 or non‐vitamin K anticoagulant or full‐dose low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) heparin on day of procedure); (B) antithrombotic group (antiplatelet therapy and/or prophylactic LMW heparin on day of procedure); and (C) no antithrombotics group. We assessed periprocedural complication rates in each group. Multivariable analysis was performed.ResultsGroup A (47 patients) had 8.5% procedural complication rate: one stroke, one pseudoaneurysm, one femoral artery occlusion, and one access site hematoma. In this group, 37 patients had femoral arterial and 18 had epicardial access.In Group B (46 patients), the complication rate was 6.5%: two cardiac tamponades and one pericardial effusion without compromise.Group C (108 patients) had a 5.6% complication rate: three cardiac tamponades (with one periprocedural death and one concomitant gastric vessel injury), one pericardial effusion without compromise, one stomach perforation, and two access site hematomas.Multivariable analysis did not show any significant predictors of complications, though age approached significance.ConclusionsComplication rates were not significantly different between groups. These findings suggest that VT and PVC ablation can be performed safely in patients with uninterrupted antithrombotic medications.
Incidence and predictors of MRI scan utilization in MRI‐conditional pacemaker recipients: A multicenter experience
Authors: Gopinathannair Rakesh , Mar Philip L. , Gandhi Gaurang , Leiserowitz Amy , Tripuraneni Ajay , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Chen Guanhua , Kreps Eric , Botting Luke , Copeland Stephanie , Firsich Nancy , Kioussopoulos Kathy , Granato Jerome E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatient characteristics, higher device cost, and vendor contracts likely prevent use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐conditional pacemakers (MRC) in all pacemaker (PM)‐eligible patients. We sought to identify the incidence and predictors of MRI scan utilization in MRC recipients.MethodsPatients receiving an MRC or non‐MRI‐conditional PM (NMRC) at four centers were included. Incidence of MRI scans following PM insertion was obtained from hospital records and patient phone calls.ResultsOf 1,244 patients (74 ± 12 years, 54.6% male), 927 had MRC and 317 had NMRC. At baseline, MRC recipients had a higher incidence of atrial tachycardia and MRI risk factors (syncope, recurrent falls, neurological disease, severe musculoskeletal disease, malignancy). In the MRC group, more patients had commercial health insurance (26% vs 15%, P < 0.001). Sixty MRC patients (6.5%) had an MRI during 21 ± 17 months’ follow‐up. Using the Weilbull parametric survival model, the projected percentage of MRC patients receiving an MRI scan at 7‐ and 11‐year follow‐up were 45% and 73%, respectively. By multivariate regression, a prior history of MRI (odds ratio [OR] 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–9.1, P < 0.001) and active smoking (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.1–6.7, P = 0.039) independently predicted the performance of an MRI following MRC implant.ConclusionsIn this MRC cohort, MRI scan utilization during follow‐up was low but projection analyses showed a higher incidence over the lifetime of the MRC. A history of prior MRI and active smoking independently predicted the performance of an MRI scan during follow‐up.
Size and Substitution Effect on Antimicrobial Activity of Polythiophene Polyelectrolyte Derivatives Under Photolysis and Dark Conditions
Authors: Brown Dylan M. , Yang Jianzhong , Strach Edward W. , Khalil Mohammed I. , Whitten David G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCationic polythiophenes have been shown to be potent antimicrobial compounds due to their ability to absorb visible light and sensitize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as their ability to selectively associate with and damage negatively charged cell envelopes. This study demonstrates the ability of differentially sized imidazolium‐ and tertiary amine‐functionalized poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) to inactivate Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Gram‐positive Bacillus atrophaeus under photolysis and dark conditions. Flow cytometry viability assays are used to quantify cell death. Each compound shows high levels of killing at both 1 and 10 μg mL−1 polymer concentrations for each microbial species after photoactivation as well as high levels of dark inactivation in many cases. Tertiary amine‐functionalized P3HT is shown to have different killing patterns, shown by transmission electron microscopy, compared to the imidazolium‐functionalized derivatives.
Modification of the prolonged mechanical ventilation prognostic model score to predict short‐term and 1‐year mortalities
Authors: Park Yu Rang , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Hwa Jung , Hong Sang‐Bum , Lim Chae‐Mann , Koh Younsuck , Huh Jin Won 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveWe aimed to validate the use of the Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation Prognostic Model (ProVent) score in medically ill patients with co‐morbidities and to modify the score to improve the prediction power of 1‐year mortality.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of all patients who required at least 14 days of mechanical ventilation (MV) and established two groups (14–20 and ≥21 days of MV) based on the MV duration. We performed external validation of the present ProVent Model in our patients on Day 14 (or Day 21 for the ≥21‐day MV group) of MV, and established the extended ProVent model, while considering the albumin and bilirubin levels and co‐morbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer).ResultsA total of 1288 patients (666 and 622 with 14–20 and ≥21 days of MV, respectively) with at least 14 days of MV were enrolled. The 1‐year mortality was 79.9% and 78.7% in the ≥21‐ and 14–20‐day groups, respectively. Most of the observed mortality rates in all groups were within the 95% CI of predicted mortality as per the ProVent Model, except for the ProVent scores of 0 and 5. In the ProVent model, the area under the curve for the prediction of 1‐year mortality was 0.69 in all patients with ≥14 days of MV, whereas in the extended ProVent model, the area under the curve was 0.89.ConclusionThe extended ProVent model, which considers co‐morbidities and laboratory data, increases the prediction power of 1‐year mortality in patients who require prolonged MV.
Dualities in the q‐Askey Scheme and Degenerate DAHA
Authors: Koornwinder Tom H. , Mazzocco Marta 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Askey–Wilson polynomials are a four‐parameter family of orthogonal symmetric Laurent polynomials that are eigenfunctions of a second‐order q‐difference operator L, and of a second‐order difference operator in the variable n with eigenvalue . Then, L and multiplication by generate the Askey–Wilson (Zhedanov) algebra. A nice property of the Askey–Wilson polynomials is that the variables z and n occur in the explicit expression in a similar and to some extent exchangeable way. This property is called duality. It returns in the nonsymmetric case and in the underlying algebraic structures: the Askey–Wilson algebra and the double affine Hecke algebra (DAHA). In this paper, we follow the degeneration of the Askey–Wilson polynomials until two arrows down and in four different situations: for the orthogonal polynomials themselves, for the degenerate Askey–Wilson algebras, for the nonsymmetric polynomials, and for the (degenerate) DAHA and its representations.
Mathematics teachers' implementation of high‐leverage teaching practices: A Q‐sort study
Authors: Wilburne Jane , Polly Drew , Franz Dana , Wagstaff David A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a Q‐sort activity in which 38 grades 4–10 mathematics teachers reflected on their classroom teaching and ranked a set of teaching actions that support high‐leverage mathematics teaching from most to least characteristic of their classroom teaching. Data analysis included examining the overall ranking of each teacher action as well as the overall ranking of the associated high‐leverage teaching practice. Examination of the rankings indicated that teachers identified actions associated with the practices of supporting productive struggle in students' learning of mathematics and posing purposeful questions as most characteristic of their teaching. Teachers identified actions associated with the practices of eliciting and using evidence of student thinking and establishing mathematics goals to focus learning as least characteristic of their teaching. Thematic networks were created to represent the teachers' rationales for their priorities regarding implementation of high‐leverage teaching practices. We share the implications of our findings for the mathematics education field and professional development leaders.