bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Accuracy and Reading Time in Breast Mammogram Interpretation
Authors: Elsayed Fahmy Aya Elsayed Kamel , Ahmed Aya Yassin , Abdulhafiz Essam Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in women Bray, but early detection and treatment can considerably improve outcomes. As a consequence, many developed nations have implemented large-scale mammography screening programmes.

Aim of the Work
to evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence on reading time and accuracy in breast mammogram interpretation.

Patients and Methods
This study is carried as retrospective comparative study conducted at the radiology department, Ain Shams University Hospitals, the main source of data for this study were the patients referred to the radiology department at Ain Shams university hospitals for mammography from august 2022 to October 2023.

Results
the most experienced radiologist had the highest accuracy, sensitivity and specificity (97.5%, 95% and 100% respectively). The next 2 radiologists had comparatively lower overall accuracy (92.5% and 92.5% for radiologist 2 and 3), with the more experienced of them showing higher specificity and lower sensitivity figures than the less experienced (100% Versus 95% for specificity and 85% Versus 90% for sensitivity). On the other hand, the AI was inferior to the most experienced radiologist for sensitivity and overall accuracy figures and showed equal specificity whereas it showed non inferior figures to the next 2 radiologists demonstrating relatively higher sensitivity and overall accuracy figures compared to both radiologists.

Conclusion
We found that the AI accuracy has been proven to be comparable to the radiologist 1 (highest years of experience) with equal specificity and lower sensitivity, and not inferior and even higher than radiologist 2 and 3 (medium and low years of experience). The reading time of the AI software was much less than the three radiologists. The highest agreement of the AI software was with the radiologist 1 (the most experienced).
The Added Role of Kaiser Score in Evaluating BIRADS 4 Breast Lesions in Breast MRI
Authors: Saady Basma Ahmed , Osman Noha Mohammad , Awad-Allah Shrouk Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast malignancy is one of the most common malignancies affecting women, representing 31% of overall tumors affecting the females around the world. The increase in breast cancer incidence is accompanied by an increase in the clinician and researchers concerns regarding the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Dynamic contrast- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most sensitive breast imaging modalities, but it has a relatively low specificity. Breast MRI findings are evaluated using the standardized American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon, which uses multiple descriptors to characterize enhancing lesions. Kaiser score is a simple flowchart that includes five major diagnostic criteria (root sign, dynamic enhancement curve type, margins, internal enhancement pattern, and edema) and its diagnostic accuracy is high.

Aim of the Work
The study aims to evaluate the added role of Kaiser score in score in evaluating BIRADS 4 breast lesions in breast MRI.

Patients and Methods
This is a retrospective study included 22 female patients who were diagnosed with breast lesions categorized as BIRADS 4, using the Kaiser score, where the Kaiser score threshold for malignancy is ≤ 4.

Results
The study investigated the diagnostic performance of Kaiser score in BIRADS 4 breast lesions. Kaiser score demonstrated 93 % sensitivity and 71.43 % specificity and 86.36% accuracy in comparison to the histopathology which is the gold standard investigation.

Conclusion
Kaiser score is a simple classification model which follows an intuitive tree structure reflecting structured step by step diagnostic process for lesion differentiation, includes five major diagnostic criteria (root sign, dynamic enhancement curve type, margins, internal enhancement pattern, and oedema) and it can be reliable in predicting malignant breast lesions due to its high accuracy, which can decrease the percentage of unnecessary breast biopsies. This has a positive potential to impact healthcare costs, as well as patient concern.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Evaluation of Trigeminal Nerve Anatomical Variations That Participate in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Shakr Dina Mohamed Ahmed , Taha AbdelAziz Tougan , Ashour Manar Maamoun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is characterized by recurrent attacks of pain that cause patients distress and even can lead to psychiatric disorders. The International Classification of Headache Disorders-3 (2018) has broadly divided TN into three categories: (1) classical TN, (2) Idiopathic TN, and (3) Secondary TN. The cause of classical TN is neurovascular conflict (NVC). Because idiopathic TN patients don't have an evident cause, it's necessary to search for other factors that can cause TN. These factors include variable abnormal morphological changes of the trigeminal nerve and CPA structures. Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of patients with trigeminal neuralgia.

Objective
To validate the diagnostic value of the associated anatomical variants (e.g., trigeminal nerve length) between the symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia and asymptomatic trigeminal nerve with no prior history of hemifacial pain or neuralgia.

Patients and Methods
This study was a retrospective case-control study, and the study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Radiodiagnosis department. The study period 7 months. Included Patients with clinically diagnosed trigeminal neuralgia.

Results
There was a significant difference between the sides with and without TN in the measurement of the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) surface area. The CPA surface area was smaller on the symptomatic side. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the trigeminal nerve's cisternal segment length between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic side.

Conclusion
In our study, by using 3D-DRIVE imaging, we demonstrate the validity of smaller CPA surface area on the symptomatic side, as a potential factor for TN diagnosis.
The Role of BT-RADS Scoring System in Post Treatment Assessment of Brain Gliomas
Authors: Mohammed Eman Mohammed Kamal , Meguid El-Shinnawy Maha Abdel , Ashour Manar Maamoun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Brain tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms that are a source of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Gliomas constitute most of the primary malignant brain tumors, with the most aggressive as well as most common form in adults, grade IV glioma or glioblastoma multiforme, carrying an especially poor prognosis. Neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of patients with gliomas that requires complex multi-specialty treatment.

Objective
To evaluate the added value of applying BT-RADS scoring system on post- treatment imaging follow up in patients with gliomas.

Patients and Methods
this study is a retrospective study and the study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Radiodiagnosis department. The study period 9-12 months. Included Patients with histopathologically proven brain glioma.

Results
Implementation of the BT-RADS scoring system in post-treatment assessment of brain gliomas and studying its diagnostic performance showed that the 6 months post treatment BT-RADS score had the highest diagnostic performance with higher AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and Accuracy of 0.861 (0.740 to 0.940), 77.8%, 94.4%, 87.5%, 89.5% respectively followed by the BT-RADS at 3 months with AUC=0.806 (0.675 to 0.901), sensitivity of 72.2%, specificity of 88.9%, PPV of 78.5%, NPV of 88.5% and Accuracy of 83.3%. The Diagnostic performance of the individual criteria of the BT-RADS scoring system, including (Enhancement, FLAIR and Mass effect) showed that the enhancement criteria had a higher diagnostic performance than the FLAIR, and the mass effect criteria with a higher AUC of 0.819 (0.691 to 0.911), and a higher sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 72.2%, 91.7%, 81.3%, 94.3%, and 85.2% respectively. While both FLAIR and mass effect showed the same diagnostic performance with AUC=0.806 (0.675 to 0.901), and sensitivity of 72.2%, specificity of 88.9%, PPV of 76.5%, NPV of 86.5%, and accuracy of 83.3%

Conclusion
In our study we implemented the BT-RADS scoring system on 54 patients of brain gliomas and studied the diagnostic performance of BT-RADS scoring system in the early and accurate detection of tumor progression and showed high sensitivity and specificity in prediction of tumor progression in relation to patients’ outcome at 12 months (Gold standard).
Role of Susceptibility Weighted Imaging (SWI) in Comparison to Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Assessment of the Intra-Arterial Thrombus in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ismaeel Gehan Mohamed Mohamed , Khater Nivan Hany Ahmed , Barakat Mai Mokhtar Kamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off, usually due to a blood vessel burst or being blocked by a clot. This reduces the supply of oxygen and nutrients, causing brain tissue damage. The effects of a stroke depend on which part of the brain is injured. For this purpose, thrombus assessment in patients with acute stroke is of major clinical relevance since the location of the thrombus may determine the therapeutic decision.

Aim of the Work
Aim of study is to assess the role of susceptibility weighted imaging in assessment of intra-arterial thrombus in correlation with MRA and basic stroke protocol in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Patients and Methods
This study is a cross-sectional study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals at Radiology department. Our study included thirty patients with acute stroke symptoms in less than 24 hours of symptoms onset. The main source of data for this study was the prospectively conducted scans and clinical history of the patients referred to the MRI section of the department of Radiology, Ain Shams University Hospitals for doing MRI stroke protocol with addition of SWI sequence from November 2022 to June 2023.

Results
Thirty patients complaining of acute stroke symptoms in less than 24 hours of symptoms onset. Every single one of them went through MRI stroke protocol assessment and SWI sequence was added. So, SVS and TOF MRA were able to detect intra-arterial thrombus in acute stroke patients by 90 % and 95 %, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of detection of intra-arterial thrombosis by SWI and MRA in patients with acute ischemic stroke (P = 0.57). The sensitivity of SWI for detection the intra-arterial thrombus in relation to MRA in MCA is 90%, in ACA and PCA is 100%, ICA is 66.7%. While specificity of SWI in relation to MRA in MCA is 80%, in PCA, ACA and ICA are 100%. The accuracy of SWI in assessment of intra-arterial thrombus in comparison to MRA in MCA is 94%, PCA 100%, ICA 95% and ACA 100%. The length of thrombus in SWI (lengthof SVS) could be measured ranging between 0.5-3.5 cm.

Conclusion
The SWI sequence needs to be incorporated into SWI stroke protocol for evaluating patients who have recently suffered an acute stroke as MRA and SWI techniques complement each other for visual detection of the occluded vessel. SWI has reasonable sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in the assessment of intra-arterial thrombosis in relation to MRA in patient of acute ischemic stroke. The „susceptibility sign' has a high sensitivity for diagnosing acute intracranial vascular blockage location and its extent in all major intracranial arteries. Also, it can be used in measuring the length of the intra-arterial thrombus over TOF MRA which cannot entirely demarcate thrombus length.
Correlations between Maximum Standardized Uptake Value Measured via 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Clinical Variables and Biochemical Indicators in Adult Lymphoma
Authors: Gawdat Ghada Nabil Anwar , Rashad Amany Mohamed , Elsamad Amr Mahmoud Abd , El-Metwally El-Diasty Shaimaa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Lymphoma comprises a histological heterogeneous group of cancers derived from the cells of the immune system manifested as enlargement and proliferation of lymph nodes or secondary lymphoid tissues. Earlier, the imaging evaluation and follow-up of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients were based solely on findings at contrast-enhanced CT. Fortunately, 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose (18F -FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography is gaining popularity for evaluating patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) lymphoma and has proven to be more sensitive and specific than contrast-enhanced CT for evaluating nodal and extra-nodal lymphomatous involvement.

Main body of Abstract
18 F-FDG PET/CT and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) is currently used for the diagnosis and initial staging of NHLs. The potential usefulness of (SUV max) in NHL cases and the significance of correlations between SUV max and various indicators arc currently unknown. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the (SUV max) measured by 18 F -FDG PET/CT could discriminate between aggressive and indolent (NHLs) including different pathological subtypes and analyze the correlations between the SUV max and other important parameters. A study was conducted among newly diagnosed 60 adult NHL patients confirmed by biopsy, pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT scans, and a complete medical record were retrospectively enrolled in the study including evaluation of various clinical variables; clinical stage, pathological subtype, international Prognostic Index (IPI) score as well as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value and then correlated with SUV max of the biopsy site on PET/CT. The area under the ROC curve for examining the accuracy of SUV max regarding distinguishing between aggressive and indolent NHLs was 0.85 and a cutoff value of &gt; 7.7 yielded a sensitivity of 90 % and specificity of 73 %. The SUV max mean ± SD of aggressive NHL was significantly higher than that of the indolent NHL (P &lt; 0.001). The SUV max of the biopsy site was strongly positively correlated with IPI score and clinical staging (P = 0.001), but it was not significantly correlated with LDH (P &gt; 0.05).

Short Conclusion
18F-FDG PET/CT may yield reliable measurements of tumor proliferation, and an SUV max &gt; 7.7 suggesting that SUV max was a useful predictor of diagnosis and may distinguish between aggressive and indolent newly diagnosed NHLs in adults, SUV max correlates with IPI score and clinical staging. SUV max doesn’t correlate to LDH.
Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Viability and Ischemia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease by Dobutamine Stress CMR Feature Tracking
Authors: Ibrahim Ghada Samir , Ibrahim Ahmed Samir , AbdelDayem Emad Hamid , El Mozy Wessam Emam , Abbas Sherif Nabil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Assessment of myocardial ischemia and viability is now mandatory for treatment decisions in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The high subjectivity of the noninvasive imaging tools such as dobutamine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DS-CMR) in viability and ischemia assessment and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in scar transmurality detection, as well as the risks imposed by the contrast administration in patients with renal affection, paved the way for the evolution of more objective and safer techniques. Strain analysis provides quantifiable measurable values of the degree of myocardial deformation. Feature tracking-cardiac magnetic resonance (FT-CMR) is a novel strain analysis technique that uses only routinely acquired cine images in strain analysis. Our study aimed to assess the quantitative ability of the CMR-FT in assessment of myocardial ischemia and viability in patients with CAD. We investigated 20 patients (n = 320 myocardial segments), known or suspected CAD. DS-CMR and LGE were used to identify the viable non-ischemic, ischemic and non-viable myocardial segments. Then calculations of the rest segmental radial (Err), circumferential (Ecc) and longitudinal (Ell) strain were done by manual contouring of endocardial and epicardial borders using Segment Software.

Results
Based on the results of both DS-CMR and LGE of the 320 myocardial segments, 210 segments were defined as viable non-ischemic (remote), 71 segments were viable ischemic and 39 segments were non- viable. Rest segmental Ecc, Err and Ell values were statistically significantly reduced in the non-viable (mean± SD = -3.98 ± 5.08%, 12.26 ± 12.62% and -7.39 ± 7.05%, respectively) compared to both viable groups, p &lt; 0.001. Furthermore, segmental Ecc and Err significantly differentiated between non-ischemic and ischemic group (mean± SD = -18.60 ± 7.09% vs -13.49 ± 8.53% and 44.09 ± 20.38% vs 32.21 ± 16.92% respectively), p1&lt;0.001. However, Ell was weak to find a statistical significance between them, despite showing lower values in the ischemic group (mean± SD = -16.17 ± 8.86% vs -15.27 ± 9.82%, p = 0.741).

Conclusions
FT-CMR strain analysis can provide a more objective metric in myocardial strain analysis to differentiate between viable and non-viable as well as ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial segments. Therefore, such technique has a promising objective role in ischemia and viability assessment in conjunction with CMR or even may replace it in the future.
Comparative Study between MRI and Ultrasound in Articular Affection of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gamal Noha , Shalaby Mennatallah H , Majeed Monir Abdul , Fadel Islam Y 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The earlier investigations showed that ultrasound had a moderate degree of accuracy in identifying and foretelling rheumatoid arthritis complications at various stages of the disease.

Objective
Evaluation of the accuracy of ultrasound imaging in comparison to MRI as a cheap method using non ionizing radiation in assessment of the rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Methods
During this study, 20 patients with clinically and laboratory proven rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled after consenting of them and subjected to ultrasound and MRI examination to compare between them in prediction of synovitis, tenosynovitis, joint effusion, bone marrow oedema, bone erosion and power Doppler activity.

Results
MRI was more accurate than ultrasound in assessment of bone marrow edema. On the other hand and as regard Doppler activity, ultrasound was more accurate than MRI. Finally, no differences were detected between both modalities in detection of synovitis, tenosynovitis, joint effusion and bone erosion.

Conclusion
Since MRI was more accurate than ultrasound in assessing bone marrow edoema, ultrasound and MRI complement one another in the assessment of articular affection in rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, ultrasonography was more accurate than MRI in terms of Doppler activity. Eventually, no variations in the detection of synovitis, tenosynovitis, joint effusion, and bone erosion were found between them.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Hirshsprung Disease in Infants
Authors: Georgy Magy Nabil Labib , Guirguis Mounir Sobhy , Mohamed Niazi Gamal Eldin , Zaky Marwa Mohammed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hirschsprung disease (HD) is a relatively common cause of intestinal obstruction in newborn infants. It is characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the distal bowel, which begins at the level of the internal anal sphincter and extends proximally for varying distances. The absence of ganglion cells has been attributed to the failure of migration of neural crest cells and for many years contrast enema was used for diagnosis and the pathognomonic finding of Hirschsprung disease is the transition zone between the normal and the aganglionic bowel.

Objective
To evaluate the accuracy of real time ultrasound in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease in infants in comparison to fluoroscopy and biopsy results.

Main body of Abstract
From September 2019 to February 2023 a diagnostic Ultrasound study was carried at pediatric radiology unit, Ain Shams university hospitals on infants with clinically suspecting Hirschsprung disease and the results compared to gastrografin enema using fluoroscopy while we were blinded with results, 30 patients met all inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study then the results were compared to the biopsy results. The study showed that there was no statistically significant difference between ultrasound and gastrografin enema in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease (p value = 1) with an overall kappa measure of agreement of 0.73, a sensitivity of ultrasound was 87.5%, the specificity was 85.7% and the accuracy of ultrasound was 86.7% and when ultrasound results were compared to biopsy results, the sensitivity was 97.8 %, the specificity was 50% and the accuracy was 88.9%. The results of gastrografin enema when compared to biopsy results were nearly the same as ultrasound results.

Conclusion
Ultrasound showed good performance in differentiating HD from other causes of chronic constipation and had excellent congruence with contrast enema. It may be an alternative screening method for HD after using it in a large group of patients with suspecting Hirschsprung disease.
Comparison of 21 Gauge vs 25 Gauge Needles in US Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Ghazy Mohamed Shaker , Sayam Omnia Ahmed , Saad El-din Somaia Ahmed , Hatata Mahmoud Ibrahim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Thyroid nodules are frequent among the general population. Ultrasound is the most commonly used imaging technique in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, Fine needle cytology (FNC) has been routinely used as the baseline investigation for diagnosis of nodular thyroid disease. Its advantages include minimal invasion and high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy.

Objective
Our aim is to compare the sample adequacy of FNA sample obtained by 21 gauge needle versus 25 gauge needle, aiming to improve the overall quality of FNC and hence better evaluation of thyroid nodules avoiding repeating FNC and unnecessary thyroidectomies.

Patients and Methods
Our study was conducted on 22 adult patients with thyroid nodules, whose ages range between 17 and 68 years old and were referred to undergo FNA procedures.

Results
22 patients with thyroid nodules were included in this study, the mean of Mayers score was 4.23 ± 2.18 and ranged from 1 to 8, while most of patients were adequate by (72.73%). Regarding the difference between two groups in Mayers score & adequacy, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in Mayers score nor adequacy (as P-value &gt;0.05).

Conclusion
In conclusion concerning the diagnostic accuracy either 21- or 25-gauge needles can be used. We recommend using 21 gauge needles for markedly calcified nodules, because 25-gauge needles bend more easily in such cases.