bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descriptive profile of the academic integrity of Australian occupational therapy students
Authors: Brown Ted , Isbel Stephen , Bourke‐Taylor Helen , Gustafsson Louise , McKinstry Carol , Logan Alexandra 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAcademic integrity is the moral code of academia. Students who demonstrate trustworthiness in an academic setting are more likely to be dependable in a clinical setting. It is, therefore, important for occupational therapy academic and fieldwork educators to know the academic integrity profile of their students and to address any areas of academic dishonesty in curriculum design and delivery. To date, there has been no baseline description of the academic honesty profile of Australian occupational therapy students.AimTo establish a baseline of academic integrity and academic dishonesty among occupational therapy undergraduate and graduate‐entry masters students in a cohort of Australian students.MethodsSeven hundred and one students from five Australian universities completed a self‐report questionnaire comprising demographic questions and six standardised scales measuring academic integrity.ResultsOverall, occupational therapy students reported high levels of academic and fieldwork integrity; however, some areas of concerns exist. Students report copying material without citations at least once during their studies (55%), obtaining test questions at least once during their studies (42.6%) or padding out a bibliography (39.5%).ConclusionOccupational therapy education needs to continue to emphasise the importance of academic and fieldwork integrity. Students need to be explicitly taught what academic honesty and dishonesty is and be provided with the resources and time to complete academic work to reduce the risk of academic dishonesty.
The glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist Exendin‐4, ameliorates contrast‐induced nephropathy through suppression of oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction and apoptosis independent of glycaemia
Authors: Hussien Noha I , Sorour Safwa M , El‐kerdasy Hanan I , Abdelrahman Bakr A 
Published: April 2018

SummaryContrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a leading cause of hospital‐acquired acute kidney injury, particularly in diabetic patients. Previous studies have shown renoprotective effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) signalling; however, its role in CIN remains unexplored. This study investigates the prophylactic effect of exendin‐4, a GLP‐1R agonist, against CIN in a rat model mimicking both healthy and diabetic conditions. Animals were randomly divided into 7 groups: a control sham group (n = 8), and 2 identical sets of 3 disease groups, one received exendin‐4 before exposure to contrast medium (CM), while the other served as untreated control. The 3 disease groups represented diabetes (n = 8), CIN (n = 8), or diabetes and CIN combined (n = 8). Untreated groups showed deteriorating renal function as indicated by significantly higher levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, and endothelin‐1 and caspase‐3 expression compared to the sham control group. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in tissue reserves of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, nitrate and endothelin nitric oxide synthase as well as deteriorating renal histology. The CM‐induced changes in diabetic rats indicate impaired renal function, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and apoptosis, and were significance higher in intensity compared to non‐diabetic rats. Pretreatment with exendin‐4 ameliorated all the aforementioned CM‐induced nephropathic effects independent of the glycemic state. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the prophylactic renoprotective effects of exendin‐4 against CIN. With the current pharmaceutical use of exendin‐4 as a hypoglycaemic agent, the GLP‐1R agonist becomes an interesting candidate for human clinical trials on CIN prevention.
The Health Risks of Belgian Illicit Indoor Cannabis Plantations
Authors: Vanhove Wouter , Cuypers Eva , Bonneure Arne‐Jan , Gotink Joachim , Stassen Mirna , Tytgat Jan , Van Damme Patrick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe assessed the prevalence of potential health hazards to intervention staff and cannabis growers in Belgian indoor cannabis plantations. Surface mold swab samples were taken at 16 Belgian indoor plantations contained mostly Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp. However, their precise health impact on intervention staff and illicit growers is unclear as no molds spore concentrations were measured. Atmospheric gas monitoring in the studied cannabis plantations did not reveal dangerous toxic substances. Health symptoms were reported by 60% of 221 surveyed police, but could not be linked to specific plantation characteristics. We conclude that Belgian indoor cannabis plantations pose a potential health threat to growers and intervention staff. AS there are currently no clear safety guidelines for seizure and dismantling of Belgian indoor cannabis plantations, we recommend first responders to follow strict safety rules when entering the growth rooms, which include wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.
A Fatal Case of Gas Intoxication in Silage Pit
Authors: Handlos Petr , Gebauerová Vladimíra , Tomková Jana , Zielinski Petr , Marecová Klára 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFatalities due to gas intoxication are rare in routine forensic casework. The most common gas is carbon monoxide, with other gases (ammonia, methane, propane and butane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide) encountered only very rarely. In this report, we describe the accidental death of two maintenance workers who were found in the silage pit at a biogas plant. The autopsy revealed signs of asphyxia in both the deceased. Analysis of the gaseous mixtures in the tank using an infrared gas analyzer showed slightly elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide. Toxicological examination of the blood of both the deceased using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector, spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry did not detect any toxicologically significant substance that would explain the sudden collapse. Both the autopsy and the toxicology analyses suggest CO2 intoxication as the most likely cause for the collapse of the two men, which then led to sudden asphyxia.
Pharmacological treatments for alleviating agitation in dementia: a systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Kongpakwattana Khachen , Sawangjit Ratree , Tawankanjanachot Itthipol , Bell J. Simon , Hilmer Sarah N. , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn 
Published: April 2018

AimsTo determine the most efficacious and acceptable treatments of agitation in dementia.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to 7 February 2017. Two independent reviewers selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of treatments to alleviate agitation in people with all‐types dementia. Data were extracted using standardized forms and study quality was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCTs. Data were pooled using meta‐analysis. The primary outcome, efficacy, was 8‐week response rates defined as a 50% reduction in baseline agitation score. The secondary outcome was treatment acceptability defined as treatment continuation for 8 weeks.ResultsThirty‐six RCTs comprising 5585 participants (30.9% male; mean ± standard deviation age, 81.8 ± 4.9 years) were included. Dextromethorphan/quinidine [odds ratio (OR) 3.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.63–5.66], risperidone (OR 1.96; 95% CI, 1.49–2.59) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors as a class (OR 1.61; 95% CI, 1.02–2.53) were found to be significantly more efficacious than placebo. Haloperidol appeared less efficacious than nearly all comparators. Most treatments had noninferior treatment continuation compared to placebo, except oxcarbazepine, which was inferior. Findings were supported by subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsRisperidone, serotonin reuptake inhibitors as a class and dextromethorphan/quinidine demonstrated evidence of efficacy for agitation in dementia, although findings for dextromethorphan/quinidine were based on a single RCT. Our findings do not support prescribing haloperidol due to lack of efficacy, or oxcarbazepine due to lack of acceptability. The decision to prescribe should be based on comprehensive consideration of the benefits and risks, including those not evaluated in this meta‐analysis.
Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Hao Guo‐Xiang , Huang Xin , Zhang Dong‐Feng , Zheng Yi , Shi Hai‐Yan , Li Yan , Jacqz‐Aigrain Evelyne , Zhao Wei 
Published: April 2018

AimsNephrotic syndrome (NS) is the most common clinical manifestation of glomerular disease in children. Currently, tacrolimus (TAC) is widely used in children with NS. However, pharmacokinetic data in children with nephrotic syndrome is limited. This study was intended to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics (PPK) of TAC in paediatric NS and to optimize dosing regimen.MethodsBlood samples from NS children treated with TAC were collected and the blood concentrations of TAC were detected using HPLC‐MS/MS. A PPK model was developed using NONMEM software. Pharmacogenetic analysis was carried out in the CYP3A5 gene.ResultsThe data from 28 children were used for PPK analysis. A one‐compartment model and first‐order elimination were accorded with the TAC data in paediatric NS. A covariate analysis showed that body weight and CYP3A5 genotype significantly affected TAC pharmacokinetics. Monte Carlo simulation indicated that NS children with CYP3A5*3/*3 receiving 0.10 mg kg−1 dose−1 twice daily and NS children with CYP3A5*1 receiving 0.25 mg kg−1 dose−1 twice daily TAC could achieve the target concentrations of 5–10 ng ml−1.ConclusionThe PPK of TAC was estimated in children with NS and a CYP3A5 genotype‐based dosing regimen was set up based on simulations.
The World Health Organization 1973 classification system for grade is an important prognosticator in T1 non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: van de Putte Elisabeth E. Fransen , Bosschieter Judith , van der Kwast Theo H. , Bertz Simone , Denzinger Stefan , Manach Quentin , Compérat Eva M. , Boormans Joost L. , Jewett Michael A.S. , Stoehr Robert , van Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Nieuwenhuijzen Jakko A. , Zlotta Alexandre R. , Hendricksen Kees , Rouprêt Morgan , Otto Wolfgang , Burger Maximilian , Hartmann Arndt , van Rhijn Bas W.G. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo compare the prognostic value of the World Health Organization (WHO) 1973 and 2004 classification systems for grade in T1 bladder cancer (T1‐BC), as both are currently recommended in international guidelines.Patients and MethodsThree uro‐pathologists re‐revised slides of 601 primary (first diagnosis) T1‐BCs, initially managed conservatively (bacille Calmette–Guérin) in four hospitals. Grade was defined according to WHO1973 (Grade 1–3) and WHO2004 (low‐grade [LG] and high‐grade [HG]). This resulted in a lack of Grade 1 tumours, 188 (31%) Grade 2, and 413 (69%) Grade 3 tumours. There were 47 LG (8%) vs 554 (92%) HG tumours. We determined the prognostic value for progression‐free survival (PFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) in Cox‐regression models and corrected for age, sex, multiplicity, size and concomitant carcinoma in situ.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 5.9 years, 148 patients showed progression and 94 died from BC. The WHO1973 Grade 3 was negatively associated with PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 2.1) and CSS (HR 3.4), whilst WHO2004 grade was not prognostic. On multivariable analysis, WHO1973 grade was the only prognostic factor for progression (HR 2.0). Grade 3 tumours (HR 3.0), older age (HR 1.03) and tumour size >3 cm (HR 1.8) were all independently associated with worse CSS.ConclusionThe WHO1973 classification system for grade has strong prognostic value in T1‐BC, compared to the WHO2004 system. Our present results suggest that WHO1973 grade cannot be replaced by the WHO2004 classification in non‐muscle‐invasive BC guidelines.
Non‐abusing mothers' support needs after child sexual abuse disclosure: A narrative review
Authors: Serin Hanife 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe role of maternal support has been perceived as vital throughout the recovery process of sexually abused children. However, it is important to look at the concept “support” from the perspective of non‐abusing mothers' personal needs. This narrative review of the literature aimed to find out how non‐abusing mothers' need for support in their responses to disclosure of child sexual abuse has been recognized. A comprehensive search on Jyväskylä University Library interface yielded 12 academic articles based on empirical research. These articles were selected from those considered to have sufficiently investigated support for non‐abusing mothers and included a mixture of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐method research. The data consisted of peer‐reviewed online articles published in English between 2000 and 2017. Four themes emerged from the thematic analysis: improving the quality of the whole social support network for non‐abusing mothers; being blamed, maternal guilt, and shame; anger; and coping strategies. The findings show that the support needs of non‐abusing mothers are usually explained based on their interaction with sexually abused children. However, it is necessary to listen to women's needs independently of their mothering role. If these mothers are better understood, not only they, but also their children, could be empowered.
Quantitative chest CT for subtyping chronic lung allograft dysfunction and its association with survival
Authors: Horie Miho , Salazar Pascal , Saito Tomohito , Binnie Matthew , Brock Kristy , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Azad Sassan , Keshavjee Shaf , Martinu Tereza , Paul Narinder 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is a major cause of mortality in lung transplant recipients. CLAD can be sub‐divided into at least 2 subtypes with distinct mortality risk characteristics: restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), which demonstrates increased overall computed tomography (CT) lung density in contrast with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), which demonstrates reduced overall CT lung density. This study aimed to evaluate a reader‐independent quantitative density metric (QDM) derived from CT histograms to associate with CLAD survival. A retrospective study evaluated CT scans corresponding to CLAD onset using pulmonary function tests in 74 patients (23 RAS, 51 BOS). Two different QDM values (QDM1 and QDM2) were calculated using CT lung density histograms. Calculation of QDM1 includes the extreme edges of the histogram. Calculation of QDM2 includes the central region of the histogram. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were used for CLAD prognosis. Higher QDM values were significantly associated with decreased survival. The hazard ratio for death was 3.2 times higher at the 75th percentile compared to the 25th percentile using QDM1 in a univariate model. QDM may associate with CLAD patient prognosis.
A long‐term experience with expansion of Milan criteria for liver transplant recipients
Authors: Commander Sarah Jane , Shaw Brian , Washburn Laura , Yoeli Dor , Rana Abbas , Goss John A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Milan criteria (MC) have historically determined eligibility for transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Region 4 expanded the criteria for transplantation in HCC to include a single tumor ≤6 cm or up to 3 tumors with the largest diameter ≤5 cm and total additive diameter ≤9 cm (R4C). The aim of this study was to report the 10‐year outcomes of this expanded criteria compared to MC. Transplants performed for HCC in Region 4 between October 2007 and December 2016 were reviewed using the UNOS database. Recipients were categorized based on imaging findings at initial evaluation. A total of 2068 patients were included in the study. There was no significant difference in 10‐year patient survival between the groups (53% MC vs 48% R4C, P = .23). There was also no significant difference in recurrence‐free survival (54% MC vs 47% R4C, P = .15) or allograft survival (53% MC vs 48% R4C, P = .16). Finally, there was no significant difference in outcomes between the MC and R4C groups when stratifying patients by locoregional therapy. This study demonstrates promising data that the criteria for liver transplantation in HCC can be safely expanded to the R4C without compromising outcomes.
Cytopathology of non‐invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features: A comparative study with similar patterned papillary thyroid carcinoma variants
Authors: Mahajan S. , Agarwal S. , Kocheri N. , Jain D. , Mathur S. R. , Iyer V. K. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveNoninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a recently described, indolent thyroid tumor, with well‐defined histopathological diagnostic criteria. Cytology features are not well documented. We reviewed cytology of histologically proven cases of NIFTP and some of its common differentials to look for salient diagnostic features.MethodsCases reported on histopathology as follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), or NIFTP between July 2015 and April 2017 having available cytology smears were retrieved and reclassified as NIFTP, FVPTC, and classical papillary thyroid carcinoma with predominant follicular pattern (PTC‐FP). Cytological features were assessed, classified as per The Bethesda System for Reporting Cytopathology and compared.ResultsThere were 23 NIFTP cases, 18 FVPTC and 8 PTC‐FP. A microfollicle‐predominant pattern was seen in all. Nuclear score was 2 in most NIFTP cases (61%). Pseudoinclusions were absent. NIFTP showed features of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) (III) in 61%, follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) (IV) in 35% and suspicious for malignancy (SFM) (V) in 4%. Most of the FVPTCs were also called FN/SFN (IV) (56%) or AUS/FLUS (III) (22%). Nuclear features did not statistically differ from NIFTP. PTC‐FP showed high‐grade cytology in 75%, and higher nuclear score (3 in 75%) in contrast to NIFTP (P = .003).ConclusionNIFTP and FVPTC show a similar distribution among the Bethesda categories hence precluding conclusive distinction on cytology. PTC‐FP, in contrast, was found to have a statistically significant higher nuclear score and more commonly showed malignant cytology.
Temperature and humidity acclimation increase desiccation resistance in the butterfly Bicyclus anynana
Authors: Fischer Klaus , Kirste Manuela 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDesiccation resistance, that is, the ability to reduce water loss, is an ecologically important trait relevant to all terrestrial organisms, which may constrain species distributions. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have investigated plastic capacities in desiccation resistance. We here investigate plastic responses in body mass change, used as a proxy of desiccation resistance, to variation in temperature and relative humidity in the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Our results indicate that butterflies acclimated to a higher (27 °C) compared with a lower temperature (18 °C) and a lower (50%) compared with a higher (90%) relative humidity displayed a decreased loss of body mass, and therefore likely a loss of body water (27 °C: 11%, 18 °C: 15%; 50% r.h.: 14%, 90% r.h.: 18%). Thus, mass loss was reduced under conditions indicating increased desiccation risk, suggesting adaptive phenotypic plasticity. Effects were most pronounced during the first 24 h after acclimation, indicating quick and transient responses to environmental conditions. As anthropogenic climate change is predicted to increase the magnitude and frequency of heat and drought periods, we argue that more studies on plastic capacities in traits relating to desiccation resistance are needed to better understand species responses.
Australian native flowering plants enhance the longevity of three parasitoids of brassica pests
Authors: Pandey Sunita , Rahman Azizur , Gurr Geoff M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFloral resources from native plants that are adapted to the local environment could be more advantageous than the use of nonnative plants. In Australia, there is a dearth of information on the benefits of native plants to natural enemies and their selectivity against pests. Accordingly, we examined the longevity of the parasitoids Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) and Cotesia glomerata (L.) (both Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Diadegma semiclausum (Hellen) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) exposed to flowering shoots from Australian native plants which was compared with the nonnative buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), often used in conservation biological control. Longevity of parasitoids was significantly enhanced by the Australian natives Westringia fruticosa, Mentha satureioides, Callistemon citrinus, Leptospermum cv. ‘Rudolph’, Grevillea cv. ‘Bronze Rambler’, Myoporum parvifolium, Lotus australis, and nonnative F. esculentum. The highest mean survival by native plant species was 3.4× higher for D. rapae with Leptospermum sp. and 4.3× higher for D. semiclausum with M. parvifolium. For C. glomerata, Grevillea sp. increased longevity by 6.9× compared with water only. Longevity of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), a major crop pest, was enhanced by all plants against which it was screened except Acacia baileyana, a species that had no effect on parasitoid longevity. Several Australian native plant species that benefit parasitoids were identified. None of the plant species provided a selective benefit to the parasitoid D. semiclausum compared with its host P. xylostella; however, the benefit of M. parvifolium and Grevillea sp. on the longevity of D. semiclausum was relatively higher compared with the pest. These results suggest the need for field studies to determine whether native Australian plants increase P. xylostella impact in nearby brassica crops.
trajr: An R package for characterisation of animal trajectories
Authors: McLean Donald James , Skowron Volponi Marta A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractQuantitative characterisation of the trajectories of moving animals is an important component of many behavioural and ecological studies, however methods are complicated and varied, and sometimes require well‐developed programming skills to implement. Here, we introduce trajr, an R package that serves to analyse animal paths, from unicellular organisms, through insects to whales. It makes a variety of statistical characterisations of trajectories, such as tortuosity, speed and changes in direction, available to biologists who may not have a background in programming. We discuss a range of indices that have been used by researchers, describe the package in detail, then use movement observations of whales and clearwing moths to demonstrate some of the capabilities of trajr. As an open‐source R package, trajr encourages open and reproducible research. It supports the implementation of additional methods by providing access to trajectory analysis “building blocks,” allows the full suite of R statistical analysis tools to be applied to trajectory analysis, and the source code can be independently validated.