bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive Effects of Practical Nutrition Lessons in a Primary School
Setting with a High Proportion of Migrant School Children
Authors: Weber Katharina S. , Eitner Jessica , Dauben Laura , Spörkel Olaf , Strassburger Klaus , Sommer Jörn , Kaiser Barbara , Buyken Anette E. , Kronsbein Peter , Müssig Karsten 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background Children with migration background are at increased risk
for overweight, partly due to less favorable dietary habits compared to
their German counterparts. We examined the effects of practical nutrition
lessons among children with a high proportion of migration background in a
primary school setting.
Methods Ten 3rd and 4th grade classes
(n=166 children, 73% with migration background) received the
intervention and nine school classes (n=139 children, 76%
with migration background) served as control. Before, shortly after (only
among the intervention group) and three months after the three-day practical
nutrition lessons, the nutrition-related skills, behavior, attitudes, and
knowledge of the children were assessed using a questionnaire. Changes
between baseline and 1st follow-up among children of the
intervention group were calculated using linear mixed models. Differences
between the two groups for changes between baseline and 2nd
follow-up were tested using linear regression analyses. Models were adjusted
for potential confounders.
Results Shortly after the practical nutrition lessons, the children
of the intervention group had improved their knowledge
(β=1.7; 95% CI: 1.0; 2.4, P<0.001) and
skills (β=1.8; 95% CI: 1.4; 2.2, P<0.001).
These changes were sustainable and larger in the intervention compared to
the control group (knowledge: β=1.6; 95% CI: 0.7;
2.5, P<0.001; skills: β=1.3; 95% CI: 0.7;
1.9, P<0.001). Changes in nutrition-related behavior and attitudes
did not differ between the groups.
Conclusions Providing practical nutrition lessons in a primary school
setting with a high proportion of children with immigrational background
improved the children’s nutrition-related knowledge and skills.
PCA-based GRS analysis enhances the effectiveness for genetic correlation detection
Authors: Zhao Yan , Ning Yujie , Zhang Feng , Ding Miao , Wen Yan , Shi Liang , Wang Kunpeng , Lu Mengnan , Sun Jingyan , Wu Menglu , Cheng Bolun , Ma Mei , Zhang Lu , Cheng Shiqiang , Shen Hui , Tian Qing , Guo Xiong , Deng Hong-Wen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Genetic risk score (GRS, also known as polygenic risk score) analysis is an increasingly popular method for exploring genetic architectures and relationships of complex diseases. However, complex diseases are usually measured by multiple correlated phenotypes. Analyzing each disease phenotype individually is likely to reduce statistical power due to multiple testing correction. In order to conquer the disadvantage, we proposed a principal component analysis (PCA)–based GRS analysis approach. Extensive simulation studies were conducted to compare the performance of PCA-based GRS analysis and traditional GRS analysis approach. Simulation results observed significantly improved performance of PCA-based GRS analysis compared to traditional GRS analysis under various scenarios. For the sake of verification, we also applied both PCA-based GRS analysis and traditional GRS analysis to a real Caucasian genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of bone geometry. Real data analysis results further confirmed the improved performance of PCA-based GRS analysis. Given that GWAS have flourished in the past decades, our approach may help researchers to explore the genetic architectures and relationships of complex diseases or traits.
VisioProt-MS: interactive 2D maps from intact protein mass spectrometry
Authors: Locard-Paulet Marie , Parra Julien , Albigot Renaud , Mouton-Barbosa Emmanuelle , Bardi Laurent , Burlet-Schiltz Odile , Marcoux Julien 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Summary
VisioProt-MS is designed to summarize and analyze intact protein and top-down proteomics data. It plots the molecular weights of eluting proteins as a function of their retention time, thereby allowing inspection of runs from liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). It also overlays MS/MS identification results. VisioProt-MS is compatible with outputs from many different top-down dedicated software. To our knowledge, this is the only open source standalone application that allows the dynamic comparison of several MS files, a prerequisite for comparative analysis of different biological conditions. With its dynamic rendering, this user-friendly web application facilitates inspection, comparison and export of publication quality 2 D maps from deconvoluted LC-MS run(s) and top-down proteomics data.

Availability and implementation
The Shiny-based web application VisioProt-MS is suitable for non-R users. It can be found at https://masstools.ipbs.fr/mstools/visioprot-ms/ and the corresponding scripts are downloadable at https://github.com/mlocardpaulet/VisioProt-MS. It is governed by the CeCILL license (http://www.cecill.info).
Heterogeneity of Astrocytic and Neuronal GLT-1 at Cortical Excitatory Synapses, as Revealed by its Colocalization With Na+/K+-ATPase α Isoforms
Authors: Melone Marcello , Ciriachi Chiara , Pietrobon Daniela , Conti Fiorenzo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGLT-1, the major glutamate transporter, is expressed at perisynaptic astrocytic processes (PAP) and axon terminals (AxT). GLT-1 is coupled to Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) α1–3 isoforms, whose subcellular distribution and spatial organization in relationship to GLT-1 are largely unknown. Using several microscopy techniques, we showed that at excitatory synapses α1 and α3 are exclusively neuronal (mainly in dendrites and in some AxT), while α2 is predominantly astrocytic. GLT-1 displayed a differential colocalization with α1–3. GLT-1/α2 and GLT-1/α3 colocalization was higher in GLT-1 positive puncta partially (for GLT-1/α2) or almost totally (for GLT-1/α3) overlapping with VGLUT1 positive terminals than in nonoverlapping ones. GLT-1 colocalized with α2 at PAP, and with α1 and α3 at AxT. GLT-1 and α2 gold particles were ∼1.5–2 times closer than GLT-1/α1 and GLT-1/α3 particles. GLT-1/α2 complexes (edge to edge interdistance of gold particles ≤50 nm) concentrated at the perisynaptic region of PAP membranes, whereas neuronal GLT-1/α1 and GLT-1/α3 complexes were fewer and more uniformly distributed in AxT. These data unveil different composition of GLT-1 and α subunits complexes in the glial and neuronal domains of excitatory synapses. The spatial organization of GLT-1/α1–3 complexes suggests that GLT-1/NKA interaction is more efficient in astrocytes than in neurons, further supporting the dominant role of astrocytic GLT-1 in glutamate homeostasis.
Comparison of Chiral Recognition of Binaphthyl Derivatives with l-Undecyl-Leucine Surfactants in the Presence of Arginine and Sodium Counterions
Authors: Ramos Zoe , Rothbauer Gabriel A , Turner Johnathan , Lewis Corbin , Morris Kevin , Billiot Eugene , Billiot Fereshteh , Fang Yayin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this study the chiral selectivity of l-undecyl-leucine (und-leu) for binapthyl derivatives was examined with the use of arginine and sodium counterions at pH’s ranging from 7 to 11. The objective of this project was to investigate whether a cationic amino acid, such as arginine would achieve enhanced chiral selectivity when utilized as the counterion in the place of sodium in micellar electrokinetic chromatography. The data indicate that und-leu has significantly improved chiral selectivity toward 1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl hydrogenphosphate (BNP) enantiomers in the presence of arginine counterions in comparison to sodium and that, at least in the case of this study, the enantiomeric form of the arginine did not appear to play a role in the chiral selectivity. The maximum resolution (Rs) achieved for BNP when sodium was used as the counterion was ~0.6. However, when arginine was used as the counterion, the maximum resolution for BNP was ~4.1. This was an increase in resolution of ~ 7-fold. However, no significant difference was observed for the enantiomers of 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol. In order to learn more about why this might be the case, NMR studies were conducted to examine what role the counterion might play in enantiomeric recognition.
Large noise in variational regularization
Authors: Burger Martin , Helin Tapio , Kekkonen Hanne 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this paper we consider variational regularization methods for inverse problems with large noise that is in general unbounded in the image space of the forward operator. We introduce a Banach space setting that allows to define a reasonable notion of solutions for more general noise in a larger space provided that one has sufficient mapping properties of the forward operators.
A key observation, which guides us through the subsequent analysis, is that such a general noise model can be understood with the same setting as approximate source conditions (while a standard model of bounded noise is related directly to classical source conditions). Based on this insight we obtain a quite general existence result for regularized variational problems and derive error estimates in terms of Bregman distances. The latter is specialized for the particularly important cases of one- and $p$-homogeneous regularization functionals.
As a natural further step we study stochastic noise models and in particular white noise for which we derive error estimates in terms of the expectation of the Bregman distance. The finiteness of certain expectations leads to a novel class of abstract smoothness conditions on the forward operator, which can be easily interpreted in the Hilbert space case. We finally exemplify the approach and in particular the conditions for popular examples of regularization functionals given by squared norm, Besov norm and total variation.
Evaluating the impact of expanding the number of diagnosis codes reported in inpatient discharge databases on the counts and rates of birth defects
Authors: Salemi Jason L , Rutkowski Rachel E , Tanner Jean Paul , Matas Jennifer , Kirby Russell S 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Objective
Public health surveillance programs worldwide implement a variety of case-finding strategies, and many rely at least in part on International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-based diagnostic codes in administrative and clinical databases. Over time, state- and national-level hospital discharge databases have been expanding the number of reported diagnosis code fields. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these expansions on frequencies and rates of major birth defects, and the classification of birth defects as isolated vs multiple.

Methods
We used state-level 2006-2013 Florida Birth Defects Registry data and 2009-2012 data from a nationally representative database (Kids’ Inpatient Database). We generated data under different scenarios by varying the number of diagnosis code fields available, and comparing counts and rates of major birth defects generated under each scenario.

Results
The expansion from 10 to 31 diagnosis code fields improved ascertainment by preventing the loss of 1 in every 40 birth defect cases with defect-related diagnoses appearing only in code positions 11 to 31. Although there was variation by birth defect, the largest impact of the expansion tended to occur for less severe birth defects diagnosed in sicker infants. When restricting to fewer codes, not only were fewer cases diagnosed, but more were classified as being isolated due to the inability to capture co-occurring defects.

Conclusion
Our findings encourage additional research for other health outcomes in patients of all ages. Other disease registries rely at least in part on diagnostic codes documented by healthcare providers in their case-finding activities, irrespective of ascertainment protocols, making routine investigation of these databases essential.
Positioning in the Oral Narratives of Displaced Syrian Women
Authors: Shalaby Nadia A 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study offers an analysis of six Syrian women’s oral narratives of displacement in the aftermath of the Syrian revolution (2011). Drawing on Davies and Harré’s (1990) Positioning Theory (PT) and its development by Bamberg (1997, 2010), and using conversation analysis as a toolkit, this research is an attempt to reveal the ways in which the Syrian women interviewed for this study position themselves in relation to other individuals in their narratives, their audience and also in relation to the grand narratives of the Syrian conflict. To find out how the women position themselves, I investigated the discourse strategies and performance devices in their narratives. Analysis of the interviews revealed that the positions the women take up in their narratives reflect a change in their self-image, and are often contradictory. Moreover, the women challenged the dominant narratives of the Syrian war and resisted categorization. Furthermore, both the style and the content of much of their talk appeared to be designed to appeal to the audience
Creating Improved Survey Data Products Using Linked Administrative-Survey Data
Authors: Davern Michael E , Meyer Bruce D , Mittag Nikolas K 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent research linking administrative to survey data has laid the groundwork for improvements in survey data products. However, the opportunities have not been fully realized yet. In this article, our main objective is to use administrative-survey linked microdata to demonstrate the potential of data linkage to reduce survey error through model-based blended imputation methods. We use parametric models based on the linked data to create imputed values of Medicaid enrollment and food stamp (SNAP) receipt. This approach to blending data from surveys and administrative data through models is less likely to compromise confidentiality or violate the terms of the data sharing agreements among the agencies than releasing the linked microdata, and we demonstrate that it can yield substantial improvements of estimate accuracy. Using the blended imputation approach reduces root mean squared error (RMSE) of estimates by 81 percent for state-level Medicaid enrollment and by 93 percent for substate area SNAP receipt compared with estimates based on the survey data alone. Given the high level of measurement error associated with these important programs in the United States, data producers should consider blended imputation methods like the ones we describe in this article to create improved estimates for policy research.
Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Durable, Noncompressive Technique Using Teflon Secured With Mini Clip
Authors: Breeze Robert E , Craig Daniel B 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In cases of trigeminal neuralgia, the importance of durable separation of involved vessels from the trigeminal nerve as well as avoiding ongoing or recurrent compression by implanted material has been affirmed in recent literature.

OBJECTIVE
To demonstrate a novel and straightforward technique for trigeminal nerve decompression using a construct of Teflon felt patty (Bard Peripheral Vascular, Tempe, Arizona) secured with an aneurysm mini clip to achieve lasting results with no residual contact between implant or vessels and the nerve.

METHODS
Description of our technique and accompanying surgical video.

RESULTS
As demonstrated in the video, this technique achieves an ideal, durable separation of the trigeminal nerve from the offending vasculature.

CONCLUSION
The authors present a description of a technique for decompression with the goal of leaving no contact between implanted material and the nerve. This is accomplished by securing the Teflon felt (Bard Peripheral Vascular) to the tentorium with an aneurysm clip.
Constraints on accretion disk size in the massive type 1 quasar PG 2308+098 from optical continuum reverberation lags
Authors: Kokubo Mitsuru 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Two years’ worth of u-, g-, r-, i-, and z-band optical light curves were obtained for the massive type 1 quasar PG 2308+098 at z = 0.433 using the 1.05 m Kiso Schmidt telescope/Kiso Wide Field Camera, and inter-band time lags of the light curves were measured. Wavelength-dependent continuum reverberation lag signals of several tens of days relative to the u-band were detected at g, r, i, and z bands, where the longer wavelength bands showed larger lags. From the wavelength-dependent lags, and assuming the standard disk temperature radial profile $T \propto R_{\rm disk}^{-3/4}$ and an X-ray/far-ultraviolet reprocessing picture, a constraint on the radius of the accretion disk responsible for the rest-frame 2500 Å disk continuum emission was derived as $R_{\rm disk} = 9.46^{+0.29}_{-3.12}\:$light-day. The derived disk size is slightly (1.2–1.8 times) larger than the theoretical disk size of Rdisk = 5.46 light-day predicted from the black hole mass (MBH) and Eddington ratio estimates of PG 2308+098. This result is roughly in accordance with previous studies of lower-mass active galactic nuclei (AGNs), where measured disk sizes have been found to be larger than the standard disk model predictions by a factor of ∼3; however, the disk size discrepancy is more modest in PG 2308+098. By compiling literature values of the disk size constraints from continuum reverberation and gravitational microlensing observations for AGNs/quasars, we show that the MBH dependence of Rdisk is weaker than that expected from the standard disk model. These observations suggest that the standard Shakura–Sunyaev accretion disk theory has limitations in describing AGN/quasar accretion disks.
Childhood exposure to violence is associated with risk for mental disorders and adult’s weight status: a community-based study in Tunisia
Authors: El Mhamdi Sana , Lemieux Andrine , Abroug Hela , Ben Salah Arwa , Bouanene Ines , Ben Salem Kamel , al’Absi Mustafa 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
We sought to investigate the relationship between social violence and adult overweight/obesity and the role of common mental disorders (CMD) in mediating this relationship.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2016 in Tunisia. Participants were selected from randomly selected Primary Health Care Centers. The Arabic version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) was used.

Results
A total of 2120 participants were included. Women exposed to social ACEs had higher rates of overweight/obesity than men (13.5 versus 9.5%; P = 0.004). For women, statistically significant partial mediation effects of CMD were observed for exposure to community violence (% mediated = 17.7%). For men, partial mediation was found for the exposure to peer violence (% mediated = 12.5%).

Conclusion
Our results provide evidence of the independent increase of overweight/obesity after exposure to social ACEs. Efforts to uncover and address underlying trauma in health care settings may increase the effectiveness of obesity interventions.
The first Portuguese National Health Examination Survey (2015): design, planning and implementation
Authors: Nunes Baltazar , Barreto Marta , Gil Ana P , Kislaya Irina , Namorado Sónia , Antunes Liliana , Gaio Vânia , Santos Ana J , Rodrigues Ana P , Santos Joana , Roquette Rita , Alves-Alves Clara , Castilho Emília , Cordeiro Eugénio , Dinis Ana , Prokopenko Tamara , Silva Ana C , Vargas Patrícia , Lyshol Heidi , Dias Carlos M 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
In Health Examination Surveys interview information is complemented with objective information, providing more accurate indicators than self-reported data. We report the study design, planning and implementation of the first Portuguese Health Examination Survey (INSEF).

Methods
INSEF was a cross-sectional population-based study representative at regional and national level. Individuals aged between 25 and 74 years old, residing in Portugal were selected from the national health users’ registry through multi-stage stratified probabilistic sampling. Sample size was set at 4200 individuals. Data was collected in primary care units and included blood pressure, height, weight, hip and waist measurements, blood collection for lipid profile, HbA1c and blood count and a general health questionnaire. European HES procedures were followed.

Results
A total of 4911 individuals agreed to participate (43.9% participation rate). Participation rate varied by region, sex and age group, being lower in Lisbon and Tagus Valley (32.8%), for men (41.8%) and for those aged 25–34 years old (36%).

Conclusions
INSEF has set up an experienced national and regional structure for HES implementation. Nationally representative quality epidemiological data is now available for public health monitoring, planning and research.
Does military veteran status and deployment history impact officer involved shootings? A case–control study
Authors: Reingle Gonzalez Jennifer M , Bishopp Stephen A , Jetelina Katelyn K , Paddock Ellen , Gabriel Kelley Pettee , Cannell M Brad 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite veterans’ preference hiring policies by law enforcement agencies, no studies have examined the nature or effects of military service or deployments on health outcomes. This study will examine the effect of military veteran status and deployment history on law enforcement officer (LEO)-involved shootings.MethodsTen years of data were extracted from Dallas Police Department records. LEOs who were involved in a shooting in the past 10 years were frequency matched on sex to LEOs never involved in a shooting. Military discharge records were examined to quantify veteran status and deployment(s). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of veteran status and deployment history on officer-involved shooting involvement.ResultsRecords were abstracted for 516 officers. In the adjusted models, veteran LEOs who were not deployed were significantly more likely to be involved in a shooting than non-veteran officers. Veterans with a deployment history were 2.9 times more likely to be in a shooting than non-veteran officers.ConclusionsMilitary veteran status, regardless of deployment history, is associated with increased odds of shootings among LEOs. Future studies should identify mechanisms that explain this relationship, and whether officers who experienced firsthand combat exposure experience greater odds of shooting involvement.
Narrative review of affinities and differences between the social determinants of oral and general health in Canada: establishing a common agenda
Authors: Raphael Dennis 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
This article overviews Canadian work on the social determinants of oral and general health noting their affinities and differences.

Methods
A literature search identified Canadian journal articles addressing the social determinants of oral health and/or oral health inequalities. Analysis identified affinities and differences with six themes in the general social determinants of health literature.

Results
While most Canadian social determinants activity focuses on physical and mental health there is a growing literature on oral health—literature reviews, empirical studies and policy analyses—with many affinities to the broader literature. In addition, since Canada provides physical and mental health services on a universal basis, but does not do so for dental care, there is a special concern with the reasons behind, and the health effects—oral, physical and mental—of the absence of publicly financed dental care.

Conclusions
The affinities between the social determinants of oral health and the broader social determinants of health literature suggests the value of establishing a common research and action agenda. This would involve collaborative research into common social determinants of oral and general health and combined policy advocacy efforts to improve Canadians’ living and working conditions as means of achieving health for all.