bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent respiratory tract infections or acute otitis media were not a risk factor for vocabulary development in children at 13 and 24 months of age
Authors: Nylund Annette , Toivonen Laura , Korpilahti Pirjo , Kaljonen Anne , Peltola Ville , Rautakoski Pirkko 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThis study examined associations between recurrent respiratory tract infections (RTI) and acute otitis media (AOM) during the first one and two years of life and vocabulary size at 13 and 24 months of age.MethodsWe studied 646 children born between January 2008 and April 2010 and followed up from birth to two years of age with daily diary and study clinic visits during RTIs and AOM. The families were recruited from maternity health care clinics or delivery wards in south‐west Finland. Parents completed the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory at 13 and 24 months, and the vocabularies of children with high rates of RTIs or AOM were compared to children without recurrent issues.ResultsOf the 646 children, 9.6% had recurrent RTIs and 9.9% had recurrent AOM from 0 to 24 months. Children with high rates of RTIs or AOM did not have smaller vocabularies than children without recurrent RTIs or AOM. Girls had larger vocabularies and higher parental socioeconomic status was associated with a larger expressive vocabulary at 24 months.ConclusionThe child's gender and parental socioeconomic status played a more critical role in vocabulary development in the first two years than a high burden of RTIs or AOM.
Endotoxaemia differentially regulates the expression of renal Ca2+ transport proteins in mice
Authors: Meurer Manuel , Höcherl Klaus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimAlterations in parathyroid hormone (PTH) and/or vitamin D signalling are frequently reported in patients with sepsis. The consequences on renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. We hypothesized that endotoxaemia alters the expression of important renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi transport proteins.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 3 mg/kg; i.p.). The mRNA and protein levels of renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi transport proteins were measured by RT‐qPCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis.ResultsLipopolysaccharide‐induced hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia was paralleled by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate and urinary excretion of Ca2+ and Pi. Endotoxaemia augmented plasma levels of PTH and affected the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)‐klotho‐vitamin D axis by increasing plasma levels of FGF23 and downregulation of renal klotho expression. Renal expression of CYP27b1 and plasma levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 were increased in response to LPS. Endotoxaemia augmented the renal expression of TRPV5, TRPV6 and PiT1, whereas the renal expression of calbindin‐D28K, NCX1, NaPi‐2a and NaPi‐2c were decreased. Incubation of primary distal tubule cells with LPS increased TRPV6 mRNA levels. Furthermore, LPS decreased the intestinal expression of TRPV6, calbindin‐D9K and of NaPi‐2b.ConclusionOur findings indicate that endotoxaemia is associated with hypocalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia and a disturbed FGF23‐klotho‐vitamin D signaling. Further, LPS‐induced acute kidney injury was accompanied by an increased or decreased expression of specific renal and intestinal Ca2+ and Pi transporters respectively. It seems unlikely that LPS‐induced hypocalcaemia is due to renal loss of Ca2+.
Potential of anaerobic digestate of dairy manure in suppressing soil‐borne plant disease
Authors: Pan Zhifei , Qi Guangdou , Andriamanohiarisoamanana Fetra J. , Yamashiro Takaki , Iwasaki Masahiro , Nishida Takehiro , Tangtaweewipat Suchon , Umetsu Kazutaka 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFrequent use of pesticides to control soil‐borne plant disease leads to environmental pollution and the development of pesticide resistance in phytopathogens. Soil amendment is considered to have the potential of suppressing plant disease because of its biological properties. However, information on anaerobic digestate is limited. In this study, potential of antagonistic activities of anaerobic digestate against phytopathogens were investigated by detecting the amounts of antagonistic bacteria (Bacillus and Pseudomonas) in anaerobic digestates of dairy manure. The results showed that anaerobic digestion increased the total amounts of Bacillus and Pseudomonas in digestate. Bacillus suppressed growth of phytopathogens, while Pseudomonas did not show any antagonistic activities. These results indicated that Bacillus was an effective antagonistic bacterium in digestate against phytopathogens. Furthermore, two selected isolates, B11 (Bacillus subtilis) and B59 (Bacillus licheniformis), were applied in field experiments and showed significant reduction in percent infection of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). These results demonstrate the benefits of digestate in suppressing soil‐borne plant diseases caused by antagonistic bacteria.
Identification of behaviour change techniques in deprescribing interventions: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hansen Christina R. , O'Mahony Denis , Kearney Patricia M. , Sahm Laura J. , Cullinan Shane , Huibers C.J.A. , Thevelin Stefanie , Rutjes Anne W.S. , Knol Wilma , Streit Sven , Byrne Stephen 
Published: August 2018

AimsDeprescribing interventions safely and effectively optimize medication use in older people. However, questions remain about which components of interventions are key to effectively reduce inappropriate medication use. This systematic review examines the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) of deprescribing interventions and summarizes intervention effectiveness on medication use and inappropriate prescribing.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and Academic Search Complete and grey literature were searched for relevant literature. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they reported on interventions in people aged ≥65 years. The BCT taxonomy was used to identify BCTs frequently observed in deprescribing interventions. Effectiveness of interventions on inappropriate medication use was summarized in meta‐analyses. Medication appropriateness was assessed in accordance with STOPP criteria, Beers' criteria and national or local guidelines. Between‐study heterogeneity was evaluated by I‐squared and Chi‐squared statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool for randomized controlled studies.ResultsOf the 1561 records identified, 25 studies were included in the review. Deprescribing interventions were effective in reducing number of drugs and inappropriate prescribing, but a large heterogeneity in effects was observed. BCT clusters including goals and planning; social support; shaping knowledge; natural consequences; comparison of behaviour; comparison of outcomes; regulation; antecedents; and identity had a positive effect on the effectiveness of interventions.ConclusionsIn general, deprescribing interventions effectively reduce medication use and inappropriate prescribing in older people. Successful deprescribing is facilitated by the combination of BCTs involving a range of intervention components.
Nerve‐sparing in salvage robot‐assisted prostatectomy: surgical technique, oncological and functional outcomes at a single high‐volume institution
Authors: Bonet Xavier , Ogaya‐Pinies Gabriel , Woodlief Tracey , Hernandez‐Cardona Eduardo , Ganapathi Hariharan , Rogers Travis , Coelho Rafael F. , Rocco Bernardo , Vigués Francesc , Patel Vipul 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo show the feasibility, oncological and functional outcomes of neurovascular bundle (NVB) preservation during salvage robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).Patients and MethodsIn the present institutional review board‐approved retrospective analysis, between January 2008 and March 2016, 80 patients underwent salvage RARP, performed by a single surgeon (V.P), because of local recurrence after primary treatment. These patients were categorized into two groups depending on the degree of nerve‐sparing (NS) performed: a good‐NS group (≥50% of NVB preservation) and a poor‐NS group (<50% of NVB preservation). A standard transperitoneal six‐port technique, using the DaVinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), was performed, and either an anterograde or a retrograde approach was used for NVB preservation. Validated questionnaires were used preoperatively (Sexual Health Inventory for Men [SHIM] and American Urological Association scores). Potency after salvage RARP was defined as the ability to achieve a successful erection with penetration >50% of the time, while full continence after salvage RARPwas defined as 0 pads used. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival and predictive estimations, and regression models were used to identify the predictors of potency, continence and biochemical failure (BCF).ResultsThe potency rate at 12 months was higher in the good‐NS group (25.6% vs 4.3%; P = 0.036) regardless of previous SHIM score, and good NS tended to be predictive of potency after salvage RARP (P = 0.065). The full continence rate at 12 months and BCF rate were similar in the two groups, and non‐radiation primary treatment was the only predictor of continence at 12 months after salvage RARP (P = 0.033).ConclusionsOur data support the feasibility and safety of NVB preservation for salvage RARP conducted in select patients in a high‐volume institution and the subsequent better recovery of adequate erections for intercourse.
Persistent muscle‐invasive bladder cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: an analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results‐Medicare data
Authors: Lane Giulia , Risk Michael , Fan Yunhua , Krishna Suprita , Konety Badrinath 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether patients with persistent muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) after undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC) have worse overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) than patients with similar pathology who undergo RC alone.Materials and MethodsUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare database, we identified the records of patients with pT2‐4N0M0 disease who underwent RC, with and without NAC, for MIBC between 2004 and 2011. To evaluate survival outcomes in those with MIBC after NAC vs patients with MIBC who underwent RC alone, we used Kaplan–Meier time‐to‐event analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression modelling. Landmark analysis was conducted to mitigate immortal time bias. Propensity scoring was used to decrease the risk of selection bias.ResultsOf the 1 886 patients with persistent pT2‐4 disease at the time of RC, 1505 underwent RC alone and 381 received NAC + RC. After adjusting for confounders, the propensity‐weighted risk of death from bladder cancer after diagnosis did not differ between the groups (hazard ratio [HR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–1.08; P = 0.23); however, the risk of death from all causes was worse in the RC‐alone group (HR 0.79, 95% CI0.67–0.94; P = 0.006).ConclusionsPatients who had persistent MIBC after platinum‐based NAC + RC vs RC alone derived an OS benefit but not a CSS benefit from NAC. This may represent a selection bias favouring patients who were selected for NAC; however, the OS benefit was not evident in patients with persistent pT3‐T4N0M0 disease. This study underscores the importance of future research investigating methods to identify patients who will respond to NAC for bladder cancer. It also highlights the need to consider adjuvant therapy in patients who have persistent MIBC after NAC.
Multiproxy analysis of inception and development of the Lac‐à‐la‐Tortue peatland complex, St Lawrence Lowlands, eastern Canada
Authors: Pilote Louis‐Martin , Garneau Michelle , Van Bellen Simon , Lamothe Michel 
Published: August 2018

The initial conditions for the development of a large peatland complex in the St Lawrence Lowlands were reconstructed to increase the understanding of early development and expansion modes in this region. Peatland basin morphometry was identified by creating a model based on over 1500 existing peat depth measurements, and six cores were extracted along transects from a central (deepest) location towards the margins. C accumulation rates and ecohydrological conditions were reconstructed from plant macrofossils, testate amoeba assemblages and14C chronologies. Luminescence dating was performed to better delineate the timing of dune stabilization in the area and potentially related climate changes. Shallow freshwater plant communities acted as nuclei for the development of a rich minerotrophic fen around 10 300 cal. aBPin the deepest part of a shallow depression at the surface of the St‐Maurice river delta. Peat inception was followed by the paludification of peripheral parabolic dune systems. Luminescence dating suggested dune stabilization between 11 500 and 10 900 years ago. The initial rich fen persisted until 9500 cal. aBP,and was replaced by a poor fen dominated by sedges as a result of a decrease in mineral nutrient influx from upland runoff. The shift to ombrotrophic conditions in the oldest section of Lac‐à‐la‐Tortue peatland started around 5150 cal. aBP. This major ecohydrological change coincides with those observed in several other peatlands in southern Québec. Variations in carbon and peat accumulation rates in both ombrotrophic and minerotrophic sectors appear to have been primarily controlled by hydroseral succession, peat‐forming vegetation, hydrological conditions, topography and fire activity. This study is the first to provide a quantification of the total carbon pool of a peatland complex in southern Québec at 6.39 Mt C, corresponding to a mean C mass per area of 96.9 kg C m−2(σ = 50.60 kg C m−2).
Thioredoxin‐related protein of 14 kDa as a modulator of redox signalling pathways
Authors: Espinosa Belén , Arnér Elias S J 
Published: August 2018

Thioredoxin‐related protein of 14 kDa (TRP14; also named TXNDC17 for thioredoxin domain‐containing protein 17) is a highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed oxidoreductase. It is expressed in parallel with thioredoxin 1 (Trx1, TXN; TXN1), an efficient substrate for the mammalian cytosolic selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1; TXNRD1). However, TRP14, in sharp contrast to Trx1, cannot support the activities of ribonucleotide reductase, peroxiredoxins or methionine sulfoxide reductases, thus is unable to directly support cell proliferation or antioxidant defence through these pathways. However, TRP14 has been shown to efficiently reduce l‐cystine, which thereby indirectly supports glutathione synthesis. TRP14 can also suppress NF‐κB signalling, is functionally linked to STAT3 signalling, and can directly reactivate oxidized protein‐tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B. Furthermore, TRP14 can efficiently reduce persulfidated or nitrosylated cysteine residues in many proteins, thereby having the capacity to modulate signalling through hydrogen sulfide or NO. Additional bioinformatics analyses and observations suggest further roles for TRP14; therefore, further studies of its functions are warranted. Collectively, the results available suggest that TRP14 is a member of the thioredoxin system dedicated to the control of cellular redox signalling pathways.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc
Birch pollen‐specific subcutaneous immunotherapy reduces ILC2 frequency but does not suppress IL‐33 in mice
Authors: van Rijt Leonie S. , Logiantara Adrian , Canbaz Derya , van Ree Ronald 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying mechanism of allergen‐specific subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is not yet fully understood, but suppression of allergen‐specific Th2 cells and production of allergen‐specific IgG4 antibodies are two hallmarks. The impact on the innate arm of the immune system is far less clear.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of birch pollen (BP) SCIT on the innate immune response in a BP SCIT mouse model.MethodsMice with birch pollen‐induced allergic airway inflammation received weekly subcutaneous immunotherapy injections with birch pollen extract (BPE) adsorbed to alum. The effect of the BP SCIT on innate cytokine levels in lung, the number and the functionality of ILC2s and the airway inflammation was determined.ResultsMice with BP allergy had an increased level of the innate cytokines IL‐33, IL‐25, GM‐CSF and IL‐5+ ILC2s in the lungs. BP SCIT suppressed the number of IL‐5+ ILC2s, mast cell tryptase release, Th2 cytokine production, eosinophil recruitment and peribronchial inflammatory infiltrates. In contrast, innate cytokine production and collagen deposition in the airways were not affected.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceBP SCIT is able to suppress the adaptive and part of the innate immune response, but this is not sufficient to inhibit collagen deposition and the IL‐33 expression in the airways in mice.
High‐ and low‐dose oral immunotherapy similarly suppress pro‐allergic cytokines and basophil activation in young children
Authors: Kulis Michael , Yue Xiaohong , Guo Rishu , Zhang Huamei , Orgel Kelly , Ye Ping , Li Quefeng , Liu Yutong , Kim Edwin , Burks Arvil Wesley , Vickery Brian P. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundMechanisms underlying oral immunotherapy (OIT) are unclear and the effects on immune cells at varying maintenance doses are unknown.ObjectiveWe aimed to determine the immunologic changes caused by peanut OIT in preschool aged children and determine the effect on these immune responses in groups ingesting low or high‐dose peanut OIT (300 mg or 3000 mg, respectively) as maintenance therapy.MethodsBlood was drawn at several time‐points throughout the OIT protocol and PBMCs isolated and cultured with peanut antigens. Secreted cytokines were quantified via multiplex assay, whereas Treg and peanut‐responsive CD4 T cells were studied with flow cytometry. Basophil activation assays were also conducted.ResultsTh2‐, Th1‐, Th9‐ and Tr1‐type cytokines decreased over the course of OIT in groups on high‐ and low‐dose OIT. There were no significant differences detected in cytokine changes between the high‐ and low‐dose groups. The initial increase in both the number of peanut‐responsive CD4 T cells and the number of Tregs was transient and no significant differences were found between groups. Basophil activation following peanut stimulation was decreased over the course of OIT and associated with increased peanut‐IgG4/IgE ratios. No differences were found between high‐ and low‐dose groups in basophil activation at the time of desensitization or sustained unresponsiveness oral food challenges.Conclusions and Clinical RelevancePeanut OIT leads to decreases in pro‐allergic cytokines, including IL‐5, IL‐13, and IL‐9 and decreased basophil activation. No differences in T cell or basophil responses were found between subjects on low or high‐dose maintenance OIT, which has implications for clinical dosing strategies.
Impact of dental cement on the peri‐implant biofilm‐microbial comparison of two different cements in an in vivo observational study
Authors: Korsch Michael , Marten Silke‐Mareike , Walther Winfried , Vital Marius , Pieper Dietmar H. , Dötsch Andreas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe type of cement used in cemented fixed implant‐supported restorations influences formation of undetected excess cement and composition of the peri‐implant biofilm. Excess cement and dysbiosis of the biofilm involve the risk of peri‐implant inflammation.PurposeThe aim of the study was to investigate the impact of two different cements on the peri‐implant biofilm and inflammation.Materials and MethodsIn an observational study, the suprastructures of 34 patients with cemented fixed implant‐supported restorations were revised. In 20 patients, a methacrylate cement (Premier Implant cement [PIC]) and in 14 patients, a zinc oxide eugenol cement (Temp Bond [TB]) were used. After revision, TB was used for recementation. During revision and follow‐up after 1 year, microbial samples were obtained.ResultsExcess cement was found in 12 (60%) of the 20 patients with PIC. Suppuration was observed in two (25%) implants with PIC without excess cement (PIC−) and in all 12 (100%) implants with PIC and excess cement (PIC+). Implants cemented with TB had neither excess cement nor suppuration. The taxonomic analysis of the microbial samples revealed an accumulation of periodontal pathogens in the PIC patients independent of the presence of excess cement. Significantly, fewer oral pathogens occurred in patients with TB compared to patients with PIC. TB was used in all cases (PIC and TB) for recementation. In the follow‐up check, suppuration was not found around any of the implants with PIC−, only around one implant with PIC+ and around one implant with TB. Bacterial species associated with severe periodontal infections that were abundant in PIC− and PIC+ samples before the revision were reduced after 1 year to levels found in the TB samples.ConclusionsThe revision and recementation with TB had a positive effect on the peri‐implant biofilm in cases with PIC. The cementation of suprastructures on implants with TB is an alternative method to be considered.
European position paper on drug‐induced sleep endoscopy: 2017 Update
Authors: De Vito Andrea , Carrasco Llatas Marina , Ravesloot Madeline J. , Kotecha Bhik , De Vries Nico , Hamans Evert , Maurer Joachim , Bosi Marcello , Blumen Marc , Heiser Clemens , Herzog Michael , Montevecchi Filippo , Corso Ruggero Massimo , Braghiroli Alberto , Gobbi Riccardo , Vroegop Anneclaire , Vonk Patty Elisabeth , Hohenhorst Winfried , Piccin Ottavio , Sorrenti Giovanni , Vanderveken Olivier M. , Vicini Claudio 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe first edition of the European position paper (EPP) on drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) was published in 2014 with the aim to standardise the procedure, to provide an in‐depth insight into the main aspects of this technique and to have a basis for future research. Since 2014, new studies have been published concerning new sedative agents or new insights into the pattern/levels of the obstruction depending on the depth of sedation. Therefore, an enlarged group of European experts in the field of sleep breathing disorders (SBD), including the most of the first DISE EPP main authors, has decided to publish an update of the European position paper on DISE, in order to include new evidence and to find a common language useful for reporting the findings of this endoscopic evaluation in adult population affected by SBD.MethodsThe authors have evaluated all the available evidence reported in the literature and have compared experience among various departments in leading European centres in order to provide an update regarding the standardisation of the DISE procedure and an in‐depth insight into the main aspects of this technique.ResultsAfter the first European Position Consensus Meeting on DISE and its update, consensus was confirmed for indications, required preliminary examinations, where to perform DISE, technical equipment required, staffing, local anaesthesia, nasal decongestion, other medications, patient positioning, basics and special diagnostic manoeuvres, drugs and observation windows. So far, no consensus could be reached on a scoring and classification system. However, regarding this aim, the idea of an essential classification, such as VOTE with the possibility of its graded implementation of information and descriptions, seems to be the best way to reach a universal consensus on DISE classification at this stage. A common DISE language is mandatory, and attempts to come to a generally accepted system should be pursued.