bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flat vs. curved rigid-lid LES computations of an open-channel confluence
Authors: Ramos Pedro Xavier , Schindfessel Laurent , Pêgo João Pedro , De Mulder Tom 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper describes the application of four Large Eddy Simulations (LES) to an open-channel confluence flow, making use of a frictionless rigid-lid to treat the free-surface. Three simulations are conducted with a flat rigid-lid, at different elevations. A fourth simulation is carried out with a curved rigid-lid which is a closer approximation to the real free-surface of the flow. The curved rigid-lid is obtained from the time-averaged pressure field on the flat rigid-lid from one of the initial three simulations. The aim is to investigate the limitations of the free-surface treatment by means of a rigid-lid in the simulation of an asymmetric confluence, showing the differences that both approaches produce in terms of mean flow, secondary flow and turbulence. After validation with experimental data, the predictions are used to understand the differences between adopting a flat and a curved rigid-lid onto the confluence hydrodynamics. For the present flow case, although it was characterized by a moderately low downstream Froude number (Fr ≈ 0.37), it was found that an oversimplification of the numerical treatment of the free-surface leads to a decreased accuracy of the predictions of the secondary flow and turbulent kinetic energy.
Damage of extreme water levels and the adaptation cost of dikes in the Pearl River Delta
Authors: He Lei , Li Guosheng , Li Kuo , Zhang Yue , Guo Tengjiao 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Many of the world's largest coastal cities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to extreme events due to their growing populations and infrastructure, the changing climate, and subsidence. This paper assessed the economic impacts of extreme climatic events including sea-level rise and storm surge risk and the benefits of the adaptation strategies in the Pearl River Delta, a lowing-lying area located in southern China. An economic benefit–cost model was established for the estimation of the impacts and benefits. The damage of the extreme events was calculated using the damage rate modeled from the historic disaster database, and then the difference between the damage and the cost of heightening dikes was investigated under different scenarios. The results showed that the damage rate and storm surge level were positively related. The adaptation strategies benefited when the dike was heightened by 1.43–12.67 m, with the optimum reached at 5.15 m, and the dike did not exceed 12.67 m. The maximum benefits were obtained when the dike was designed to defend a 20-year return period storm surge in 2100, and the minimum when the dike is heightened to defend a 100-year return period storm surge in 2100.
A modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor as an alternative for decentralized domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries
Authors: Amaral S. R. , dos Santos L. V. , Lima L. M. , Vich D. V. , Queiroz L. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to evaluate the performance of two modified upflow anaerobic reactor (RAns) as a decentralized technology for the treatment of high-strength domestic wastewater. Two full-scale anaerobic reactors (Ran1 and Ran2) with the same configuration and total volume of 14.6 m³, total height of 2.57 m, and constructed from fibreglass reinforced plastics were operated with a 16-hour hydraulic retention time and submitted to a volumetric organic load less than 2.7 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)·m−3·d−1. The RAns were monitored for 10 consecutive months and showed the capability to support the fluctuations of organic loading and volumetric rates. The compact anaerobic reactors proved to be effective in removing organic matter (biological oxygen demand removal efficiencies greater than 70% and the average soluble COD removal efficiencies greater than 57.4%). The solids profile in the reactor ranged from very dense particles with good settleability close to the bottom (sludge bed) to a more dispersed and light sludge close to the top of the reactor (sludge blanket), similar to conventional UASB reactors.
Qual o valor do ser humano? Sobre a idolatria do dinheiro na sociedade
Authors: Nickel-Schwäbisch Andrea , Westphal Euler Renato 
Published: February 2019

O uso do dinheiro faz parte das relações humanas como instrumentopara garantir direitos para a preservação da vida de cada pessoa. A economia vive das trocas de produção e do dinheiro. Assim, o ser humano tem suas necessidades atendidas pela circulação de dinheiro e pelo compartilhamento da produção de bens. O mercado que se coloca como um deus, para atender as suas próprias necessidades, transforma o ser humano em mercadoria. Esse “capital humano” mercantiliza asrelações sociais, criando seres humanos úteis e inúteis para o mercado. O lucro e o dinheiro são transformados em ídolos impiedosos. Martinho Lutero e Karl Marx, como intérprete do Reformador, apontavam para a natureza idólatra do dinheiro. Tudo é transformado em valor econômico, desde o valor que se atribui à pessoa como sujeito, nas relações sociais, no Estado, na política, até o existente nas eleições, nas amizades, nas relações familiares e no sistema de saúde pública. A ganância, enquanto virtude individual em uma economia marcada pelo dinheiro, corrói asrelações pessoais e institucionais. A dignidade humana é um valor que não pode ser reduzido ao valor monetário. O dinheiro precisa estar a serviço do ser humano. A pessoa não é mercadoria, mas sua dignidade deve ser fortalecida pelas trocas justas das dinâmicas econômicas.
Onde vivem os “vândalos”? As incongruências em uma política nominalista das diferenças na cidade de Joinville (SC)
Authors: Machado Diego Finder 
Published: February 2019

Este artigo problematiza uma campanha contra o “vandalismo” promovida pela Prefeitura de Joinville em 2014. Tomando a palavra “vandalismo” como um rótulo social atribuído a atos que subvertem a ordem na cidade, busca-se interpretar o que se considera uma “política nominalista das diferenças”. Trata-se, nesse sentido, de perscrutar disputas pelo poder manifestadas em atos de linguagem que fixam marcadores de diferenças sustentados em estereótipos e estigmas. Para tanto, são interpretados alguns significados possíveis da campanha, demonstrando alusões a duas modalidades de anúncios publicitários: os típicos comercias de margarina e os anúncios que oferecem moradias em condomínios fechados. Discute-se, ainda, que uma ideia de ordem na cidade implica, além de marcar diferenças, uma compulsão por limpeza.
Rileggendo Paul Wouters: La bottega del filosofo. Ferri del mestiere per pensatori debuttanti
Authors: Stamile Natalina 
Published: February 2019

Le presenti riflessioni tentano di dimostrare l’importanza della filosofiaattraverso una (ri)lettura ragionata di “La bottega del filosofo, ferri del mestiere per pensatori debuttanti” di Paul Wouters. Infatti, oggi, sempre più spesso la filosofia sembra essere ridotta al lumicino nella formazione del pensiero non solo giuridico. L’autore, invece, attraverso lo stumento della metafora e dell’allegoria ci permette di comprendere alcune tra le più importanti scuole di pensiero filosofico. Dall’analisi del testo emerge come solo dalla capacità di saper utilizzare simultaneamente molteplici metodologie, deriva la qualità delle risposte del filosofo. In conclusione, originale è la proposta di Paul Wouters che non cede alla tentazione di ricercare strumenti nuovi, quanto si impegna a scoprire una sorta di strategia mista, che si riveli, di volta in volta, utile al raggiungimento dello scopo che ci si prefigge.
Cultura digital e democracia: um olhar histórico sobre um presente ultraveloz
Authors: Barbosa Marialva 
Published: February 2019

O texto faz uma reflexão sobre a relação entre os modos de comunicação contemporâneos, marcados pelo domínio do digital, e a emergência de uma sociedade verdadeiramente democrática. Atesta que diante do cenário midiático e das relações marcadas pelo conservadorismo, a imersão na chamada cultura digital não significa a ampliação dos valores democráticos. Reflete, ainda, sobre a ausência histórica do Estado democrático real no Brasil e sobre o fato de vivermos no século XXI ainda relações marcadamente clientelistas, paternalistas e uma total descrença na possibilidade de transformação do Estado a partir da participação dos cidadãos nos processos de outorga do governo, a partir da soberania de cada um.
Cardioprotective Properties of HDL: Structural and Functional Considerations
Authors: Pappa Eleni , Elisaf Moses S. , Kostara Christina , Bairaktari Eleni , Tsimihodimos Vasilis K. 
Published: February 2019

Background:As Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies showed no effect of variants altering HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels concerning Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL-C resulted to futility, the usefulness of HDL-C is unclear.Objective:As the role of HDL-C is currently doubtful, it is suggested that the atheroprotective functions of HDLs can be attributed to the number of HDL particles, and their characteristics including their lipid and protein components. Scientific interest has focused on HDL function and on the causes of rendering HDL particles dysfunctional, whereas the relevance of HDL subclasses with CVD remains controversial.Methods:The present review discusses changes in quality as much as in quantity of HDL in pathological conditions and the connection between HDL particle concentration and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Emphasis is given to the recently available data concerning the cholesterol efflux capacity and the parameters that determine HDL functionality, as well as to recent investigations concerning the associations of HDL subclasses with cardiovascular mortality.Results:MR studies or pharmacological interventions targeting HDL-C are not in favor of the hypothesis of HDL-C levels and the relationship with CVD. The search of biomarkers that relate with HDL functionality is needed. Similarly, HDL particle size and number exhibit controversial data in the context of CVD and further studies are needed.Conclusion:There is no room for the old concept of HDL as a silver bullet,as HDL-C cannot be considered a robust marker and does not reflect the importance of HDL particle size and number. Elucidation of the complex HDL system, as well as the finding of biomarkers, will allow the development of any HDL-targeted therapy.
In Vitro Protective Effect of Ascorbic Acid Against Antibiotic-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Simon Veneta , K.V. Sreerag , Sasikumar R. , Kanthlal S.K. 
Published: February 2019

Background:Although antibiotic-induced hepatotoxicity is recoverable with mild impairment, and some cases were reported to cause morbidity. However, an adjuvant is essential in reducing such incidences.Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of ascorbic acid on antibiotic induced liver toxicity using liver slices.Methods:Fresh liver slices were incubated with different concentrations of sulfamethoxazole tetracycline and clavulanic acid along with ascorbic acid (200μg/ml) for 2 hours. The liver homogenate was assessed for markers like ALT, AST, MDA and CAT levels. Cytotoxicity assessment was performed using MTT assay.Results:Incubating liver slices with all three antibiotics shows elevated levels of aminotransferases, MDA and CAT enzyme when compared to the control groups which indicates the level of hepatotoxicity. In the presence of ascorbic acid, the elevated levels of TBARS, ALT and AST were significantly reduced which showcases the protective effect of ascorbic acid. The percentage survival of cell was also shown to have improved while accessed using cell viability assay.Conclusion:Obtained data suggests that consuming vitamin C or vitamin C containing food like citrus fruits or green leafy vegetables equivalent to 3g/day during antibiotic treatment, perhaps put down the risk of liver toxicity to a greater extent.
Fire Needle Acupuncture Regulates Wnt/ERK Multiple Pathways to Promote Neural Stem Cells to Differentiate into Neurons in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Xu Jiachun , Cheng Suli , Jiao Zhaohua , Zhao Zhiheng , Cai Zhimin , Su Nan , Liu Baohong , Zhou Zhen , Li Yan 
Published: February 2019

Background & Objective:
NSCs therapy is considered one of the most potential methods
for spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods:
We build the SCI model rats to investigate the therapeutic effect of fire needle acupuncture
in improving the locomotor function of SCI rats and its possible mechanism. BBB scale was used for
the motor ability of rats. The expression of Nestin, NSE, Gal-C, and GFAP was detected by immunohistochemistry.
Wnt, GSK3β, β-catenin, ERK1/2, CyclinD1, and ngn1 were detected by western blot
and PCR. The BBB score of both model group (1.20±0.94, 3.12±0.67, 5.34±1.57, 7.12±1.49) and fire
needle group (1.70±0.58, 4.50±1.63, 7.53±2.41, 9.24±0.63) gradually increased after SCI. Furthermore,
at d10 and d14, the fire needle group showed a significantly high score compared with that in
model group at the same time (P<0.05). Fire needle increased Nestin, NSE, and Gal-C expression inhibited
GFAP expression after SCI. Also, fire needle could up-regulate Wnt3a, GSK3β, β-catenin, and
ngn1, and down-regulate ERK1/2, cyclinD1 gene and protein expression.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, fire needle could improve lower limb locomotor function of SCI rats. Also,
fire needles could promote endogenous NSCs proliferation differentiating into neurons, and the
mechanism might be mediated by promoting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin and inhibiting the overexpression
of ERK.
Sarcasm Detection For Sentiment Analysis in Indonesian Tweets
Authors: Yunitasari Yessi , Musdholifah Aina , Sari Anny Kartika 
Published: February 2019

Twitter is one of the social medias that are widely used at the moment. Tweet conversations can be classified according to their sentiments. The existence of sarcasm contained in a tweet sometimes causes incorrect determination of the tweet’s sentiment because sarcasm is difficult to analyze automatically, even by humans. Hence, sarcasm detection needs to be conducted, which is expected to improve the results of sentiment analysis. The effect of sarcasm detection on sentiment analysis can be seen in terms of accuracy, precision and recall. In this paper, detection of sarcasm is applied to Indonesian tweets. The feature extraction of sarcasm detection uses unigram and 4 Boazizi feature sets which consist of sentiment-relate features, punctuation-relate features, lexical and syntactic features, and top word features. Detection of sarcasm uses the Random Forest algorithm. The feature extraction of sentiment analysis uses TF-IDF, while the classification uses Naïve Bayes algorithm. The evaluation shows that sentiment analysis with sarcasm detection improves the accuracy of sentiment analysis about 5.49%. The accuracy of the model is 80.4%, while the precision is 83.2%, and the recall is 91.3%.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Early Onset Neonatal AKI
Authors: Charlton Jennifer R. , Boohaker Louis , Askenazi David , Brophy Patrick D. , D’Angio Carl , Fuloria Mamta , Gien Jason , Griffin Russell , Hingorani Sangeeta , Ingraham Susan , Mian Ayesa , Ohls Robin K. , Rastogi Shantanu , Rhee Christopher J. , Revenis Mary , Sarkar Subrata , Smith Alexandra , Starr Michelle , Kent Alison L. ,   on behalf of the Neonatal Kidney Collaborative
Published: January 2019

Background and objectives
Neonatal AKI is associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. The objective of this study was to describe the risk factors and outcomes of neonatal AKI in the first postnatal week.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
The international retrospective observational cohort study, Assessment of Worldwide AKI Epidemiology in Neonates (AWAKEN), included neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit who received at least 48 hours of intravenous fluids. Early AKI was defined by an increase in serum creatinine >0.3 mg/dl or urine output <1 ml/kg per hour on postnatal days 2–7, the neonatal modification of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. We assessed risk factors for AKI and associations of AKI with death and duration of hospitalization.

Results
Twenty-one percent (449 of 2110) experienced early AKI. Early AKI was associated with higher risk of death (adjusted odds ratio, 2.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 4.7) and longer duration of hospitalization (parameter estimate: 7.3 days 95% confidence interval, 4.7 to 10.0), adjusting for neonatal and maternal factors along with medication exposures. Factors associated with a higher risk of AKI included: outborn delivery; resuscitation with epinephrine; admission diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia, inborn errors of metabolism, or surgical need; frequent kidney function surveillance; and admission to a children’s hospital. Those factors that were associated with a lower risk included multiple gestations, cesarean section, and exposures to antimicrobials, methylxanthines, diuretics, and vasopressors. Risk factors varied by gestational age strata.

Conclusions
AKI in the first postnatal week is common and associated with death and longer duration of hospitalization. The AWAKEN study demonstrates a number of specific risk factors that should serve as “red flags” for clinicians at the initiation of the neonatal intensive care unit course.
Ansiedad y pensamiento constructivo en estudiantes
Authors: Aragón Borja Laura Edna , Contreras Gutiérrez Ofelia , Tron Álvarez Rocío 
Published: January 2019

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación que existe entre ansiedad, pensamiento constructivo (PC) y pensamiento no constructivo (PNC), en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios.Los resultados mostraron que 14% de los estudiantes presentó ansiedad en alto grado, encontrándose una diferencia significativa a favor de las mujeres en ansiedad fisiológica. En cuanto a PC,encontramos una diferencia significativa en afrontamiento conductual también a favor de las mujeres. Al correlacionar ansiedad y PC, como se esperaba, todas las escalas y subescalas de PC correlacionaron 3 negativa y significativamente con las cuatro modalidades de ansiedad; es decir, cuanto mejor es el pensamiento constructivo, tanto menores índices de ansiedad se presentan. Sin embargo, en PNC sólo fueron significativas las correlaciones entre pensamiento rígido con ansiedad cognitiva, motora y con el total de ansiedad. Se concluye que una alternativa para reducir la ansiedad en los estudiantes universitarios ante las demandas académicas sería enseñarles a pensar de una manera más constructiva.
Gauging the Effectiveness of Six-week Internship Duration in Business Education in Pakistan: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Nauman Sarwat , Hussain Nasreen 
Published: January 2019

<p>This small scale research was conducted to understand whether the duration of six-week internship which has been set by Higher Education Commission Pakistan is enough for interns to fulfill their desired objectives or not. To understand the issue at hand, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 interns who had completed their internship, regarding their views on time period of six-weeks. It was revealed that even though the majority of the interns thought that a six-week time period was not enough for them to achieve their learning objectives, the review of the literature and intern interviews discovered that the internships were not designed effectively and therefore could not deliver the desired results in the specified time.</p><p><strong> Keywords:</strong> interns, internships, HEC Pakistan.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Occupational Stress among Secondary School Heads: A Gender Based Comparative Study
Authors: Hussain Ishtiaq , Jumani Nabi Bux , Suleman Qaiser 
Published: January 2019

<p><em>The purpose of the study was to examine and compare the occupational stress of male and female secondary-school-heads in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. All the male and female secondary school heads working in pubic secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of the study. A total of 402 secondary school heads were selected as sample through multistage sampling technique in which 260 were males and 142 were females. Descriptive and quantitative survey research design was used. To seek the responses from the participants, a standardized tool i.e., “Occupational Stress Index (OSI)” was used. For statistical analysis, proper descriptive statistics i.e., mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics i.e., independent samples t-test were employed through SPSS. The findings revealed that both male and female secondary school heads were found occupationally stressful with respect to role overload, role conflict, strenuous working condition, unreasonable group &amp; political pressure, under participation, and unprofitability. Comparatively, there was no significant difference between the overall occupational stress of male and female secondary school heads. Based on findings, it was recommended that Elementary &amp; Secondary Education Department should have a collaboration with policymakers to develop comprehensive strategies for stress reduction for secondary school heads so that they may perform their duties effectively.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> comparative study, gender based study, occupational stress, secondary school heads</p><p><em><br /></em></p>
ANALISIS PORTOFOLIO SAHAM SYARIAH PADA JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEKS PADA BURSA EFEK JAKARTA
Authors: . Poerwanto , Sylvanata Heru 
Published: February 2019

Commonstock portfolio analysis was important contributing to determine a good investment in the capital market. There was a way to know the optimal expected risk and return of the stock. The purpose of this research for knowing level of commonstock Beta that listed in Jakarta Islamic Index and for guidance diversification process and find the optimal portfolio for the member of this combination.Based on analysis of commonstock historical data, we obtain 5 stocks with highest beta and above security market line, therefore this stocks place as portfolio member. We combine these five stocks with combination equation and resulting in 26 combinations. By using indifferent curve tools, we obtain 4 efficient portfolios.The result of this study were 4 optimal portfolio, which are: (1) Combination of 2 stocks, UNTR and BRPT, that give 12,72222 return and 19,999994 risk, (2) Combination of 3 stocks, UNTR, BRPT, PTBA, that give 9,3586% return and 12,4609% risk, (3) Combination of 3 stocks SMGR, UNTR, and BRPT that give 3,930% return and 6,325% risk, (4) Combination of 3 stocks, SMGR, AALI, and UNTR, that give 3,930 % return and 6,325% risk.This research can be used as reference for investor or potential investor in syariah stock exchange regarding of less information about stocks in the market today.