bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages and limitations of whole-body bone marrow MRI using turbo-STIR sequences in comparison to planar bone scans
Authors: Manthey N. , Berger F. , Sommer H. , Pfluger T. , Hahn K. , Tausig A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAt modern MRI tomographs the whole body can be screened for bone marrow metastases within 45 min. Aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic advantages and disadvantages of a whole-body bone marrow MRI protocol using Turbo Short Tau Inversion Recovery [STIR] sequences in comparison to planar bone scintigraphy (SZ). Patients and methods: In order to screen for bone metastases within two weeks SZ and whole-body MRI with Turbo-STIR-sequences were performed in 20 patients with known breast cancer. For further evaluation five regions were defined: scull, spine including the pelvis, femora, humeri and ribs including scapulae and sternum. Results: In 9/20 patients neither with SZ nor with MRI bone metastases were detected (staging M0). Among the remaining 11 patients SZ detected 109 and MRI 150 lesions which were typical for bone metastases. All of these 11 patients were staged Ml correspondingly with both methods. Within the thorax (ribs, sternum, scapulae) MRI discovered only 6/17 and within the scull 0/6 lesions which were suspicious for metastases in SZ. Inversely MRI identified much more metastatic lesions than SZ within the femora (20/16), the humeri (14/12) and the spine including the pelvis (110/58). Conclusions: Susceptibility-, truncation*, chemical-shift-, third arm- and particularly pulsation artifacts along with the impossibility to chose slice orientation equally advantageous for all regions of the body cause impaired image quality of MRI whole body scanning. Therefore, concerning the detection rate of bone metastases within the thorax (ribs, sternum and scapulae) and the scull, conventional Turbo-STIR-MRI whole-body scans are even less accurate than conventional planar bone scintigraphy in those regions.
Comparison of PET and fMRI activation patterns during declarative memory processes
Authors: Krause B. J. , Schmidt D. , Hautzel H. , Herzog H. , Shah N. J. , Halsband U. , Müller-Gärtner H.-W. , Mottaghy F. M. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Aim: In this study neuronal correlates of encoding and retrieval in paired association learning were compared using two different neuroimaging methods: positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: 6 right-handed normal male volunteers took part in the study. Each subject underwent six 0-15-butanol PET scans and an fMRI study comprising four single epochs on a different day. The subjects had to learn and retrieve 12 word pairs which were visually presented (highly imaginable words, not semantically related). Results: Mean recall accuracy was 93% in the PET as well as in the fMRI experiment. During encoding and retrieval we found anterior cingulate cortex activation, and bilateral prefrontal cortex activation in both imaging modalities. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of the precuneus in episodic memory. With PET the results demonstrate frontopolar activations whereas fMRI fails to show activations in this area probably due to susceptibility artifacts. In fMRI we found additionally parahippocampal activation and due to the whole-brain coverage cerebellar activation during encoding. The distance between the center-of-mass activations in both modalities was 7.2 ± 6.5 mm. Conclusion: There is a preponderance of commonalities in the activation patterns yielded with fMRI and PET. However, there are also important differences. The decision to choose one or the other neuroimaging modality should among other aspects depend on the study design (single subject vs. group study) and the task of interest.
Gated Blood Pool SPECT and Phase Analysis to Assess Simulated Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome in the Baboon
Authors: van Gelder A. L. , Hugo N. , Weller R. , Stanton J. J. , Beverley G. H. , Clausen M. , Dormehl Irene 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study assesses the diagnostic potential of a tomographic technique with phase analysis to detect premature electroventricular contraction patterns simulated by pacing in the baboon. The data of gated SPECT were analysed by backprojection of the Fourier coefficients, followed by angulation and integration to thick slices of the entire ventricular mass yielding separate ventricular contraction patterns in three perpendicular views. Electrodes were implanted in each baboon: at the sinu-atrial node; posterior, left ventricular; anterior left ventricular; on the left and the right lateral ventricular walls. The atrium was stimulated throughout at a fixed rate. Subsequent ventricular stimuli followed during the QRS complex, such to invoke the appearance of pre-excitation QRS morphology. The first points of activation (FPA) from this algorithm were correctly detected for the RV, for the anterior and posterior sites, although the latter two manifested first points in the RV. LV pacing manifested also as a FPA in the RV, but was followed by a true subsequent point in the LV.
Näherungsfehler bei der physikalischen Planung der Radiojodtherapie der Schilddrüse
Authors: Czempiel H. , Bogner L. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie zur Aktivitätsberechnung bei der Radiojodtherapie der Schilddrüse in der Literatur angegebenen Formeln werden auf die darin enthaltenen Näherungen untersucht und mit einer Referenzgleichung verglichen, die auf der ICRP- Publikation 30 beruht. Die Anwendung der verschiedenen Formeln auf 2 klinische Fälle zeigt beträchtliche Abweichungen im Vergleich zum Referenzverfahren. Untersuchungen eines Patientenkollektivs von 314 Personen ergeben bei einem relativ hohen Anteil starke Anflutverzögerungen in den Jod- Uptake-Kurven. Simulationsrechnungen belegen, daß erhebliche Fehler bei Vernachlässigung der Anflutphase auftreten. Es wird eine Gleichung vorgestellt, die diese berücksichtigt. Große individuelle Unterschiede ergeben sich bei prä- bzw. posttherapeutisch bestimmten Uptake-Kurven. Die Auswirkungen auf den Unterschied zwischen geplanter und tatsächlich applizierter Schilddrüsendosis werden aufgezeigt. Die Schwierigkeiten bei der Bestimmung der Schilddrüsenmasse werden diskutiert und ein Kombinationsverfahren aus Szinti- und Sonodaten vorgestellt.
Die Kinetik von rezeptorvermittelter Radiotoxizität des 16α-[125I]-Iodöstradiol-3,17ß
Authors: Fischer T. , Böttcher B. , Mraheel S.A. , Scharl A. , Gabruk-Szostak B. , Scheidhauer K. , Göhring U.-J. , Meller-Rehbein B. , Shukla S. K. , Schicha H. , Schomäcker K. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Es wurden radiozytotoxische Effekte von 16α-[125l]-lodöstradi- ol-3,17ß ü

125

I]E) an MCF-7-Mammakarzinom-Zellen in Abhängigkeit von der Inkubationszeit in dem Zeitraum zwischen 1 und 24 h untersucht. Methoden: Der Rezeptorstatus der Zellen wurde durch immunhisto- chemische Färbung bestimmt. Die Akkumulation von [125|]E wurde in Gegenwart und Abwesenheit von nichtradioaktivem Östradiol sowie [127I]E und in Östrogenrezeptor (ER)-negativen im Vergleich zu ER-positiven Zellen getestet. Die Ermittlung der subzellulären Verteilung erfolgte in 0,25 M Saccharose durch Ultrazentrifugation. Die Radiozytotoxizität wurde unter den verschiedenen Versuchsbedingungen durch Standard- Kolonie-Assays nach Inkubation mit [125I]E (1.85 kBq/ml-55.5 kBq/ml) für 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 und 24 h ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Eine deutliche Zytotoxizität wurde nur bei Inkubation ER-positiver Zellen mit [125I]E gefunden. Das Maximum lag bei einer Reduktion der Überlebensfraktion auf 20-25% bei Radioaktivitätskonzentrationen im Inkubationsmedium von >37 kBq/ml. Diese maximalen Effekte wurden nach Inkubationszeiten von 8 h gefunden. Eine Verlängerung der Inkubationszeit führte zu keiner weiteren Verstärkung der Toxizität. Schlußfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Radioaktivität an die Östrogenrezeptoren gebunden wurde. Infolge ihrer Kernlokalisation haben Radioöstrogene, die sehr niederenergetische Elektronen (Auger-Elektronen) emittieren, therapeutische Relevanz durch ER-vermittelte Entfaltung zellinaktivierender, ionisierender Strahlung ohne Beeinflussung benachbarter Zellen. Allerdings sollte anstelle von 125l das kürzerlebige 123l zur Markierung zum Einsatz kommen, da die entscheidenden Strahleneffekte innerhalb von 8 h erfolgen.
Septale Myokardperfusion bei komplettem Linksschenkelblock: Kasuistik und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Aurisch R. , Munz D. L. , Richter W.-S. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungBei einer 55jährigen Frau mit komplettem Linksschenkelblock (LSB) wurden bei koronarangiographisch ausgeschlossener RIVA-Stenose innerhalb eines Jahres drei Myokardszintigraphien durchgeführt. Die erste Szintigraphie mit Tc-99m-Sestamibi zeigte einen anteroseptalen Defekt nach Fahrradergometrie. Dieser Defekt konnte in den beiden folgenden Szintigraphien nach pharmakologischer Belastung mit Dipyridamol weder mit TI-201 noch mit Tc-99m-Sestamibi reproduziert werden. Die Ruheuntersuchung erfolgte in allen Fällen mit TI-201 und war normal. Schlußfolgernd ist bei LSB der pharmakologischen Belastung mit Dipyridamol der Vorzug vor der Ergometrie zu geben; die Wahl des Radiopharmakons spielt demgegenüber für die diagnostische Genauigkeit der Myokardszintigraphie eine untergeordnete Rolle.
Microangiography of the Humeral Condyle in Cocker Spaniel and Non-Cocker Spaniel Dogs
Authors: Larsen Linda J. , McLaughlin R. M. , Cash W. C. , Roush J. K. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the blood supply to the humeral condyle of dogs and compare the blood supply of Cocker Spaniel dogs to non- Cocker Spaniel dogs. We hypothesize that there is a congenitally altered blood supply of the humeral condyle in some Cocker Spaniels when compared to the blood supply of the humeral condyle in other breeds of dogs, which leads to abnormal ossification between the medial and lateral aspects of the humeral condyle, and predisposes them to fracture and delayed healing.Microangiography was performed on four Cocker Spaniel and four non- Cocker Spaniel dogs of similar size and weight. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the microangiographs of the humeral condyles revealed a decreased vascular density in the medial, midcondylar and lateral aspects of the condyle in the Cocker Spaniel dogs compared to the non-Cocker Spaniel dogs. This decreased vascular density may play a role in the increased incidence of humeral condylar fractures in the adult Cocker Spaniel dog without any or only minor trauma, and in the delayed healing seen in association with these fractures.A microradiographic comparison was made between the blood supply of the humeral condyles of Cocker Spaniel and other breeds of dogs. A decreased vascular density was documented in Cocker Spaniel dogs.
T9-T10 Intervertebral Disc Herniation in Three Dogs
Authors: Selcer R. , Adams W. H. , Thomas W. B. , Wilkens B. E. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThree middle-aged (6-8 years), intact male Dachshunds were admitted to the University of Tennessee Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UTVTH) with acute onset of back pain and pelvic limb paralysis.Physical examination of dog #1 revealed hyperaesthesia of the thoracolumbar spine. Superficial pain sensation was absent in the pelvic limbs, while deep pain sensation was intact. The cutaneous trunci (panniculus) reflex was absent caudal to the thoraco-lumbar region. Reflexes to the pelvic limbs were exaggerated.A myelogram showed dorsal deviation of the ventral contrast column and attenuation of the ventral and dorsal contrast columns at the T9-T10 disc space. A hemilaminectomy was performed from T9 to T10, and mineralized disc material was retrieved from the vertebral canal at T9-T10. The T9- T10 to L3-L4 disc spaces were fenestrated. Two weeks after surgery, superficial and deep pain sensation of the rearlimbs were present, but paralysis persisted. The animal was euthanatised at the owners’ request. A postmortem examination was not performed.Dog #2 displayed absent superficial pain sensation, and intact deep pain sensation of the pelvic limbs. Hyperaesthesia of the thoracolumbar region and hyperreflexia of the rear limbs were noted. Examination of the cutaneous trunci reflex was not performed. A myelogram revealed ventral extradural compression of the spinal cord at T9- T10. A T9-T10 hemilaminectomy revealed a large amount of extruded disc material, which was removed. The Tll- T12 to L4-L5 intervertebral discs were fenestrated. Forty-eight hours postoperatively, the patient regained voluntary motor function, and recovery was uneventful.Neurologic examination of dog #3 revealed absence of deep pain sensation in the pelvic limbs; duration of which was not known. Spinal radiographs and myelography revealed ventral extradural spinal cord compression at T9-T10 (Fig.). A right-sided hemilaminectomy at T9-T10 revealed a large amount of calcified disc material, ventral to the spinal cord. The T11-T12 through Ll- L2 intervertebral discs were fenestrated. Sixty days postoperatively, paralysis persisted and the dog was euthanatised. No postmortem examination was performed.Herniation of the T9-T10 intervertebral disc was diagnosed in three Dachshunds with acute paraplegia. The clinical diagnosis and surgical management of T9-T10 disc herniation are similar to that in the more common sites of disc herniation.
Jejunal Rupture Associated with a Traumatic Partial Pubic Symphysial Separation in a Dog
Authors: Wells K. L. , Marti J. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA distal jejunal perforation was caused by entrapment in a minimally displaced pubic symphysial separation and ischial fracture caused by a road accident. Other pelvic fractures were not identified.Faecal material leaked into the retroperitoneal space of the pelvic cavity and produced a pararectal enterocutaneous fistula one week after the accident. Obvious evidence of septic peritonitis was not present, although a uro-abdomen was identified as a result of an avulsed ureter. Nephro-ureterectomy, intestinal resection and anastomosis and fracture repair procedures were carried out but the patient was euthanatised two days postoperatively.Small intestinal injury associated with pelvic trauma is extremely uncommon in the dog. In previously reported cases, intestinal loops were damaged by comminuted pubic fractures or the callus reaction during their healing process. In the Case Reported here, a jejunal loop was trapped in a partial pubic symphysial separation caused by an automobile accident.
Clinical, Radiographic and Histological Evaluation of the Plastic Spiked Washer in the Dog
Authors: Schelling S. H. , Tidwell A. S. , Boudrieau R. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPlastic spiked washers and metal washers were implanted in the periarticular soft tissues of six joints in three experimental dogs. These dogs were followed clinically and radiographically over a 16 week time frame, at which time they were euthanatized and histological evaluation was obtained. Differences were not observed clinically nor radiographically between joints, nor between locations, with the different implant devices throughout the time frame investigated in the experimental dogs. Histological evaluation revealed a very minimal to mild, fundamentally identical inflammatory response to all of the implants in all of the specimens; however, in three specimens (plastic spiked washers), very infrequent lesions of a few randomly scattered microgranulomas, surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue envelope, were observed. The histological response of a limited inflammatory reaction was comparable to the positive controls using metal washers in the experimental dogs, despite the few microgranulomas observed. A clinical retrospective evaluation of 31 joints in 29 dogs from 1992 to 1996, in which a plastic spiked washer was implanted, also was performed. Long term follow up (mean 2.6 years) of 21 dogs in the clinical case series revealed no complications related to infection or a foreign-body reaction. Both the experimental and clinical studies supported the authors’ impression that the plastic spiked washer is well tolerated over the long term.A 16 week experimental study was performed in three dogs (six joints) in order to evaluate if any clinical, radiographic or histological differences could be found in the periarticular soft tissues with implantation of either a plastic spiked washer or a metal washer. No differences were observed clinically or radiographically between joints, or between locations, with the different implants. Histological evaluation revealed a very minimal to mild inflammatory response to all of the implants; however, a few very infrequent and randomly scattered microgranulomas were observed in response to the plastic spiked washers.
Holding Power of 3.5 mm Versus 4.0 mm Screw Applications Placed in Stripped 2.7 mm Screw Sites
Authors: Kerwin S. C. , Sedrish S. A. , Hosgood G. , Oliver J. L. , Kelly K. , Fitch R. B. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMechanical stripping of orthopaedic screws is a complication that can occur during plate fixation of fractures. This report compares the holding power of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous orthopaedic screws inserted as a salvage technique in stripped 2.7 mm screw sites in cadaver bone. Both 3.5 mm and 4.0 mm orthopaedic screws were applied with and without tapping to stripped screw sites in the diaphysis of mature canine tibiae. Mechanical testing of the pull-out force required to extract these screws showed that all of the applications have comparative holding powers, but the 4.0 mm screw had significantly greater holding power when compared with the 3.5 mm screw. Tapping the stripped screw site, prior to placing the 3.5 mm or 4.0 mm screw, did not significantly affect the holding power. The 4.0 mm cancellous screw has the advantages of significantly greater holding power and less interference with the 2.7 mm dynamic compression plate, when compared to the 3.5 mm cortical screw.The holding power of 3.5 mm cortical and 4.0 mm cancellous orthopaedic screws placed tapped and untapped into 2.7 mm stripped screw sites in post-mortem canine tibiae were compared. All applications had comparable holding power, but with the 4.0 mm screw the holding power was significantly greater. Tapping stripped screw sites did not have any significant effect on holding power.
Comparison of Histomorphometric Measurements of Equine Sternal Cancellous Bone with Bone from other Skeletal Sites
Authors: Désévaux C. , Martineau-Doizé B. , Laverty S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryHistomorphometric analysis of bone biopsy specimens in humans is a reliable techniqu e which provides information on bone status and turnover. A techniqu e of sternal biopsy has been recently developed in “standin g horses” . The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate that the histomorphometric analysis of sternal cancellous bone was representative of other skeletal sites in horses.Post-mortem cancellous bone samples were obtained from the sternum, 12th rib, ilium, 1st lumbar vertebra and the tibia, of seven adult horses and embedded in methylmethacrylate. Sections, 7 μm thick, were cut and were stained with Goldner’s green trichrome. Histomorphometric parameters were measured by a semi-automated method. Sections from the sternum were qualitativel y similar to those from the rib, ilium and vertebra. Histomorphometric measurements were easily performed on the sternal, ilium, rib and vertebral sections. The tibial sections were not suitable for evaluation. The sternal histomorphometric parameters of bone formation and resorption were overall representative of those from other skeletal sites.The present study demonstrated that sternal cancellous bone is acceptable for bone histomorphometry in horses as it reflects overall skeletal osseous activity.This study compares qualitatively and quantitatively cancellous bone from the sternum, 12th rib, ilium, first lumbar vertebra and the tibia of seven adult horses. Sternal cancellous bone is acceptable for bone histomorphometry and reflects overall skeletal osseous activity.
Cystic Periosteal Osteosarcoma in the Tibia of a Dog
Authors: Bracker K. E. , Shub V. , Zwahlen C. , Powers B. E. , Schulz K. S. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryPeriosteal osteosarcoma, a rare neoplasm in dogs, was diagnosed in an eleven- year-old Golden Retriever. In this case, the tumour formed a single, large, fluid filled cyst, that originated from the periosteum of the tibia. Periosteal osteosarcomas are intermediate grade tumours and behave less aggressively than central osteosarcomas, however, they are more malignant than the low grade parosteal osteosarcoma. Cure for periosteal osteosarcoma in people may be achieved in 70-80% of cases by local excision. In this case euthanasia was elected one year post-amputation due to emaciation and lethargy associated with metastatic disease.A cystic periosteal osteosarcoma was diagnosed in an eleven year old Golden Retriever. The tumour originated from the tibia and formed a single large fluid filled cyst. Periosteal osteosarcomas are rare, moderately aggressive tumours that may be differentiated from parosteal, surface, and central osteosarcomas. In this case euthanasia was elected one year post-amputation due to metastatic disease.
Bone Plate Fixation: Its Relationship with Implant Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Field J. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe use of internal fixation devices for fracture repair induces profound changes in the affected bone. The factors implicated in the development of implant induced osteoporosis have been extensively studied. The processes following bone plate fixation which results in vascular and structural changes to the bone have not been accurately described. There are many inconsistencies in the design of experimental studies and in data interpretation which confound the issue.Implant induced osteoporosis appears to be a biphasic phenomenon following the application of rigid internal fixation, with an early-onset osteonecrosis (8-12 weeks) elicited through cortical vascular insufficiency, followed by osteoporosis (24-36 weeks) induced by stress redistribution.The development of implant induced osteoporosis appears to involve mechanical factors (surgical trauma, screw placement, rigidity of the fixation device), acting in conjunction with vascular insufficiencies related to the bone-plate interface contact area and pressure distribution.Whatever the pathogenesis, the end result is a thinning of the diaphyseal cortices. Should implant removal be deemed necessary such osteoporosis is a cause for concern in view of the bones predisposition to refracture following plate removal. The degree of cortical osteoporosis observed appears to be time-dependent following internal fixaton and as such the clinical outcomes, after implant removal, are also related to the timing of removal.Numerous factors have been implicated in the development of the vascular and structural changes that follow the plating of bone. It appears that implant induced osteoporosis has a multifactorial pathogenesis involving surgical trauma, screw placement and the rigidity of the fixation device. Elements involved in the interface between plate and bone, such as interface contact area and pressure, are also implicated in the pathogenesis.