bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining sensemaking: Bringing clarity to a fragmented theoretical construct
Authors: Odden Tor Ole B. , Russ Rosemary S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn recent years, science education researchers have increasingly studied the ways in which students “make sense” of science. However, although researchers might all agree intuitively on what it looks like, the literature on sensemaking is theoretically fragmented. In this paper, we address this fragmentation by proposing a coherent definition, arguing that sensemaking is the process of building an explanation to resolve a perceived gap or conflict in knowledge. We then present an overview of three primary approaches to describing sensemaking in the science education research literature, arguing that this body of literature has conceptualized sensemaking as a stance toward science learning, a cognitive process, and a particular form of discourse, and showing how the definition incorporates each conceptualization. We conclude by describing how sensemaking is distinct from general categories of activities like “thinking,” “learning,” and several scientific practices. We also highlight the implications of this definition for science instruction and future sensemaking research.
End‐of‐life vehicle recovery factors: Malaysian stakeholders' views and future research needs
Authors: Mohamad‐Ali Nurhasyimah , Ghazilla Raja Ariffin Raja , Abdul‐Rashid Salwa Hanim , Sakundarini Novita , Ahmad‐Yazid Aznijar , Stephenie Lydyaty 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, we identify the factors that affect end‐of‐life vehicle (ELV) recovery effectiveness in order to develop an improved ELV recovery model in Malaysia. We derived these factors from a literature survey and on‐site interviews with representatives of selected local companies who are the key stakeholders in ELV management. We used the system dynamics approach to identify the link between the ELV recovery factors and recovery effectiveness, and we present the results in the form of an aftermarket cognitive map, which provides a pictorial view of the interrelationships between the ELV recovery factors. Indeed, we found that the factors conform well with those identified in previous studies. We believe that the improved ELV recovery model will be beneficial to product designers and stakeholders in the ELV recovery network, and encourage them to take action in accordance with the National Automotive Policy in line with the ELV directive.
Photoacoustic Probes for Molecular Detection: Recent Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Zeng Leli , Ma Gongcheng , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) is a noninvasive and nonionizing biomedical imaging modality that combines the advantages of optical imaging and ultrasound imaging. Based on PAI, photoacoustic detection (PAD) is an emerging approach that is involved with the interaction between PA probes and analytes resulting in the changes of photoacoustic signals for molecular detection with rich contrast, high resolution, and deep tissue penetration. This Review focuses on the recent development of PA probes in PAD. The following contents will be discussed in detail: 1) the construction of PA probes; 2) the applications and mechanisms of PAD to different types of analytes, including microenvironments, small biomolecules, or metal ions; 3) the challenges and perspectives of PA probes in PAD.
Overcoming public resistance to carbon taxes
Authors: Carattini Stefano , Carvalho Maria , Fankhauser Sam 
Published: June 2018

Carbon taxes represent a cost‐effective way to steer the economy toward a greener future. In the real world, their application has however been limited. In this paper, we address one of the main obstacles to carbon taxes: public opposition. We identify drivers of and barriers to public support, and, under the form of stylized facts, provide general lessons on the acceptability of carbon taxes. We derive our lessons from a growing literature, as well as from a combination of policy “failures” and “successes.” Based on our stylized facts, we formulate a set of suggestions concerning the design of carbon taxes. We consider the use of trial periods, tax escalators, environmental earmarking, lump‐sum transfers, tax rebates, and advanced communication strategies, among others. This paper contributes to the policy debate about carbon taxes, hopefully leading to more success stories and fewer policy failures.This article is categorized under:Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation
Review of recent trends in charging infrastructure planning for electric vehicles
Authors: Deb Sanchari , Tammi Kari , Kalita Karuna , Mahanta Pinakeswar 
Published: June 2018

The exhaustive nature of fossil fuels and environmental concerns associated with greenhouse gases are the major causes of the paradigm shift from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). The electrification of the transportation sector and the increasing popularity of the EVs have driven scientists and researchers to delve into charging stations. Underdeveloped charging infrastructure, optimal placement of charging stations, and charge scheduling in the charging stations are the major concerns for the large‐scale deployment of EVs. Even few questions related to EVs, such as the vehicle price and driving range, can be partially solved with a well‐developed charging infrastructure. Existing old infrastructure may bring severe limitations in the realization of the optimal placement of charging stations as EVs have not existed when the road and grid infrastructure have been developed. For the past few years, the studies associated with the optimal placement and sizing of EV charging stations have drawn the consideration of the researchers. The researchers have used different approaches, objective functions, and applied different optimization algorithms while dealing with the problem of charging station placement. The complex and dynamic nature of the problem has led researchers to apply different optimization algorithms for the solution of the problem. In this particular review study, the research works bearing on the charging infrastructure planning for the EVs are considered. Thus, this review work will endow the research community with the latest developments and research findings in the paradigm of charging infrastructure planning for EVs.This article is categorized under:Energy Infrastructure > Systems and InfrastructureEnergy and Urban Design > Systems and InfrastructureEnergy and Transport > Science and MaterialsEnergy Systems Analysis > Science and Materials
Backward Planning a Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Curriculum for the Surgical Workforce in Low‐Resource Settings
Authors: Shaye David A. , Tollefson Travis , Shah Irfan , Krishnan Gopal , Matic Damir , Figari Marcelo , Lim Thiam Chye , Aniruth Sunil , Schubert Warren 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundTrauma is a significant contributor to global disease, and low‐income countries disproportionately shoulder this burden. Education and training are critical components in the effort to address the surgical workforce shortage. Educators can tailor training to a diverse background of health professionals in low‐resource settings using competency‐based curricula. We present a process for the development of a competency‐based curriculum for low‐resource settings in the context of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma education.MethodsCMF trauma surgeons representing 7 low‐, middle‐, and high‐income countries conducted a standardized educational curriculum development program. Patient problems related to facial injuries were identified and ranked from highest to lowest morbidity. Higher morbidity problems were categorized into 4 modules with agreed upon competencies. Methods of delivery (lectures, case discussions, and practical exercises) were selected to optimize learning of each competency.ResultsA facial injuries educational curriculum (1.5 days event) was tailored to health professionals with diverse training backgrounds who care for CMF trauma patients in low‐resource settings. A backward planned, competency‐based curriculum was organized into four modules titled: acute (emergent), eye (periorbital injuries and sight preserving measures), mouth (dental injuries and fracture care), and soft tissue injury treatments. Four courses have been completed with pre‐ and post‐course assessments completed.ConclusionsSurgeons and educators from a diverse geographic background found the backward planning curriculum development method effective in creating a competency‐based facial injuries (trauma) course for health professionals in low‐resource settings, where contextual aspects of shortages of surgical capacity, equipment, and emergency transportation must be considered.
The increase of O-acetylation and N-deacetylation in cell wall promotes acid resistance and nisin production through improving cell wall integrity in Lactococcus lactis
Authors: Cao Lijie , Liang Dongmei , Hao Panlong , Song Qianqian , Xue Ershu , Caiyin Qinggele , Cheng Zihao , Qiao Jianjun 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Cell wall is closely related to bacterial robustness and adsorption capacity, playing crucial roles in nisin production in Lactococcus lactis. Peptidoglycan (PG), the essential component of cell wall, is usually modified with MurNAc O-acetylation and GlcNAc N-deacetylation, catalyzed by YvhB and XynD, respectively. In this study, increasing the two modifications in L. lactis F44 improved autolysis resistance by decreasing the susceptibility to PG hydrolases. Furthermore, both modifications were positively associated with overall cross-linkage, contributing to cell wall integrity. The robust cell wall rendered the yvhB/xynD-overexpression strains more acid resistant, leading to the increase of nisin production in fed-batch fermentations by 63.7 and 62.9%, respectively. Importantly, the structural alterations also reduced nisin adsorption capacity, resulting in reduction of nisin loss. More strikingly, the co-overexpression strain displayed the highest nisin production (76.3% higher than F44). Our work provides a novel approach for achieving nisin overproduction via extensive cell wall remodeling.
The phenotype of adult versus pediatric patients with inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Saudubray Jean‐Marie , Mochel Fanny 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUntil recently, inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) were considered a pediatric specialty, as emphasized by the term “inborn,” and the concept of adult onset IEM has only very recently reached the adult medical community. Still, an increasing number of adult onset IEM have now been recognized, as new metabolomics and molecular diagnostic techniques have become available. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms underlying phenotypic variability in adult versus children with IEM. Specifically, phenotypic severity and age of onset are expected to be modulated by differences in residual protein activity possibly driven by various genetic factors. Phenotypic variability may also occur in the context of similar protein expression, which suggests the intervention of environmental, ontogenic, and aging factors.
Indicators of climate change in agricultural systems
Authors: Hatfield Jerry L. , Antle John , Garrett Karen A. , Izaurralde Roberto Cesar , Mader Terry , Marshall Elizabeth , Nearing Mark , Philip Robertson G. , Ziska Lewis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractClimate change affects all segments of the agricultural enterprise, and there is mounting evidence that the continuing warming trend with shifting seasonality and intensity in precipitation will increase the vulnerability of agricultural systems. Agricultural is a complex system within the USA encompassing a large number of crops and livestock systems, and development of indicators to provide a signal of the impact of climate change on these different systems would be beneficial to the development of strategies for effective adaptation practices. A series of indicators were assembled to determine their potential for assessing agricultural response to climate change in the near term and long term and those with immediate capability of being implemented and those requiring more development. The available literature reveals indicators on livestock related to heat stress, soil erosion related to changes in precipitation, soil carbon changes in response to increasing carbon dioxide and soil management practices, economic response to climate change in agricultural production, and crop progress and productivity. Crop progress and productivity changes are readily observed data with a historical record for some crops extending back to the mid-1800s. This length of historical record coupled with the county-level observations from each state where a crop is grown and emerging pest populations provides a detailed set of observations to assess the impact of a changing climate on agriculture. Continued refinement of tools to assess climate impacts on agriculture will provide guidance on strategies to adapt to climate change.
The strategy of endogenization in evolutionary biology
Authors: Okasha Samir 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEvolutionary biology is striking for its ability to explain a large and diverse range of empirical phenomena on the basis of a few general theoretical principles. This article offers a philosophical perspective on the way that evolutionary biology has come to achieve such impressive generality, by focusing on “the strategy of endogenization”. This strategy involves devising evolutionary explanations for biological features that were originally part of the background conditions, or scaffolding, against which such explanations take place. Where successful, the strategy moves biology a step closer to the ideal of explaining as much as possible from evolutionary first principles. The strategy of endogenization is illustrated through a series of biological examples, historical and recent, and its philosophical implications are explored.
Open-source VRPLite Package for Vehicle Routing with Pickup and Delivery: A Path Finding Engine for Scheduled Transportation Systems
Authors: Zhou Xuesong , Tong Lu , Mahmoudi Monirehalsadat , Zhuge Lijuan , Yao Yu , Zhang Yongxiang , Shang Pan , Liu Jiangtao , Shi Tie 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Recently, automation, shared use, and electrification are viewed as the “three revolutions” in the future transportation sector, and the traditional scheduled public transit system will be greatly enhanced with flexible services and autonomous vehicle scheduling capabilities. Many emerging scheduled transportation applications include the fully automatic operation system in urban rail transit, joint line planning, and timetabling for high-speed rail as well as emerging self-driving vehicle dispatching. The vehicle routing problem (VRP) holds promise for seeking an optimal set of vehicle routes and schedules to meet customers’ requirements and plays a vital role in optimizing services for feature scheduled transportation systems. Due to the difficulty of finding optimal solutions for large-scale instances, enormous research efforts have been dedicated to developing efficient algorithms, while our paper presents a unique perspective based on a time-dependent and state-dependent path searching framework. An open-source and light-weight VRP with pickup and delivery with time windows (VRPPDTW) modeling package, namely VRPLite, has been developed in this research to provide a high-quality and computationally efficient solution engine for transportation on demand applications. This paper describes the space–time–state modeling process of VRPPDTW using a hyper-network representation. This solution framework can be embedded in a column generation or Lagrangian relaxation framework to handle many general applications. A number of illustrated examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the path search algorithm under various traffic conditions and passenger travel requirements.
Radiocarbon Wiggle Matching on Laminated Sediments Delivers High-Precision Chronologies
Authors: Rey Fabian , Gobet Erika , Szidat Sönke , Lotter André F , Gilli Adrian , Hafner Albert , Tinner Willy 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTHigh-resolution sediment chronologies with the best possible time control are essential for comparing palaeoecological studies with independent high-precision climatic, archaeological or historic data in order to disentangle causes and effects of past environmental, ecological and societal change. We present two varved lake sediment sequences from Moossee and Burgäschisee (Swiss Plateau) that have chronologies developed with Bayesian models and radiocarbon (14C) dating of terrestrial plant macrofossils extracted from sediment samples with constant age ranges. We illustrate the potential of high-resolution14C dating for the construction of robust, high-precision sediment chronologies. The mean 2σ age uncertainties were reduced to±19 cal yr for Moossee and to±54 cal yr for Burgäschisee over the entire period of 3000 cal yr, while 2σ uncertainties of only±13 cal yr and±18 cal yr respectively, were achieved for shorter time intervals. These precisions are better than or comparable to those of previous varve studies. Our results imply that a sophisticated subsampling strategy and a careful selection of short-lived and well-defined terrestrial plant remains are crucial to avoid outlying14C ages. A direct linkage between palaeoeological studies with dendrochronologically dated, local archaeological sites as well as a precise comparison with high-resolution climate proxy data have become feasible.
THE ‘IMPARTIALITY’ OF NARCISSUS LUTTRELL'S READING PRACTICES AND HISTORICAL WRITING, 1679–1710
Authors: SOMERS TIM 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article explores the influence of ‘impartiality’ on reading practices, print culture, and historical writing in later Stuart Britain. It sheds new light on the most prolific collector of ‘cheap print’ during this period, Narcissus Luttrell (1657–1732), by assessing his reading practices in relation to the ideal of impartiality. Luttrell is analysed using his hitherto unstudied commonplace books and historical manuscript collection made in reaction to the Exclusion Crisis (1679–81) and the Glorious Revolution (1688). Their analysis demonstrates the way Luttrell used impartiality rhetorically to justify and express his whiggish judgement and interpretation of modern history. The article also highlights key continuities and differences between the early and later Stuart publics by connecting Luttrell to humanist rhetoric, earlier manuscript culture, and shifts in reading practices.
The Politics of Minimum Income Protection in OECD Countries
Authors: NOËL ALAIN 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMinimum income protection (MIP) determines the disposable income a person obtains when she has no market or social insurance income, few assets and no family support. This last-recourse income, usually social assistance benefits plus associated transfers, constitutes a significant indicator of a country's commitment to social justice. Yet, we know little about the politics of MIP, in part because welfare state scholars have focused on more encompassing social insurance programmes, and in part because of a lack of good comparative data. This article takes the measure of MIP adequacy in 18 OECD countries for the 1990–2010 period, for single, able-to-work individuals, tracks its comparative evolution, and proposes an explanation of its determinants, with a times-series cross-sectional model. The main positive determinant of adequacy is a generous welfare state; the main negative force is the importance of the public debt. Overall, the politics of MIP appears consistent with that of the welfare state.
Kinematic accuracy research of 2(3HUS+S) parallel manipulator for simulation of hip joint motion
Authors: Zhang Huizhen , Cheng Gang , Shan Xianlei , Guo Feng 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYIn this paper, the kinematic accuracy problem caused by geometric errors of a 2(3HUS+S) parallel manipulator is described. The kinematic equation of the manipulator is obtained by establishing a D–H (Denavit–Hartenberg) coordinate system. A D–H transformation matrix is used as the error-modeling tool, and the kinematic error model of the manipulator integrating manufacturing and assembly errors is established based on the perturbation theory. The iterative Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm is used to identify the geometric errors in the error model. According to the experimentally measured attitudes, the kinematic calibration process is simulated using MATLAB software. The simulation and experiment results show that the attitude errors of the moving platforms after calibration are reduced compared with before the calibration, and the kinematic accuracy of the manipulator is significantly improved. The correctness and effectiveness of the error model and the kinematic calibration method of the 2(3HUS+S) parallel manipulator for simulation of hip joint motion are verified.
Enlist E3™ Soybean Sensitivity and Enlist™ Herbicide-Based Program Control of Sumatran Fleabane (Conyza sumatrensis)
Authors: Frene Rafael L. , Simpson David M. , Buchanan Marcos Baez , Vega Ernesto Teran , Ravotti Maximiliano E. , Valverde Pablo P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnlist E3™ soybean, resistant to 2,4-D, glufosinate, and glyphosate, provides options to control glyphosate-resistant Sumatran fleabane before planting and in crop. Twenty field trials were conducted in Argentina to determine Enlist E3 soybean sensitivity to POST applications of 2,4-D choline+glyphosate or glufosinate. Maximum injury from a single 2,4-D choline+glyphosate application at 1X (1140+1140 g ae ha−1) and 2X rate was 4% and 13%, respectively, at 3 days after treatment in the temperate Humid Pampa region. Slightly higher injury of 11 and 23% was observed in sub-tropical region of northern Argentina. Injury was transient with recovery occurring within 14 days. Injury caused by sequential applications was equivalent to that caused by single applications. Soybean yield was not affected by single nor sequential applications. In four trials, control programs containing 2,4-D choline+glyphosate applied PRE and POST provided greater GR Sumatran fleabane control and a 12 to 26% increase in yield compared to 2,4-D choline+glyphosate applied at PRE only. This research demonstrates the glyphosate-resistant control programs that include 2,4-D choline, glyphosate, and glufosinate provide excellent GR Sumatran fleabane control.
Negative Mental States and Their Association to the Cognitive Function of Nurses
Authors: Maharaj Shamona , Lees Ty , Lal Sara 
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Nurses’ inherently stressful occupation leaves them at a higher risk of developing negative mental states (stress, anxiety, and depression). However, research examining the effect of negative mental states on these health professionals’ cognitive performance is sparse. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the link between negative mental states and cognitive performance in nurses ( n = 53). Negative mental state data was obtained using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, brain activity was measured using electroencephalography, and finally, cognitive performance was assessed using the Cognistat and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Significant negative correlations ( p < .05) were observed between anxiety and attention, and all three negative mental states and memory performance. Electroencephalographic changes indicated that increases in anxiety were significantly associated ( p < .05) with decreases in gamma reactivity at fronto-central sites. The current study suggests that higher levels of negative mental states are associated with domain-specific cognitive impairments, and variations in gamma reactivity; possibly reflecting less optimal cortical functioning.