bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic Manufacture of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Case Study on Tristearin-Based Systems
Authors: Anderluzzi Giulia , Perrie Yvonne 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Solid lipid nanoparticles are lipid-based carriers that can be used for a range of
drugs and biomolecules. However, most production methods currently used do not offer easy translation
from laboratory preparation to scale-independent production.

Objectives:
Within this study, we have investigated the use of microfluidics to produce solid lipid
nanoparticles and investigated their protein loading capability. In the development of this process, we
have investigated and identified the critical process parameters that impact on the product attributes of
the solid lipid nanoparticles.

Method:
Solid lipid nanoparticles based on Tristearin and 1,2-Distearoyl-phosphatidylethanolaminemethyl-
polyethyleneglycol conjugate-2000 were formulated using the NanoAssemblr® Benchtop system.
The flow rate ratio, total flow rate and initial protein concentration were investigated as process parameters
and the particle size, PDI, zeta potential, drug loading and drug release were measured as
product attributes.

Results:
Our results demonstrate the suitability of microfluidics as a production method for solid lipid
nanoparticles containing protein. In terms of key process parameters to consider, both the solvent to
aqueous flow rate ratio and the total flow rate were shown to have a notable impact on particle size. Protein
loading capacity was influenced by the solvent to aqueous flow rate ratio but was similar across all
flow rates tested.

Conclusion:
Within this study, we outline a rapid and easy protocol for the scale-independent production
of solid lipid nanoparticles. This process can support the rapid translation of production methods
from bench to clinic.
Natural Phytochemicals and Their Therapeutic Role in Management of Several Diseases: A Review
Authors: Shirsath Nitin R. , Goswami Ajaygiri K. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction:These days, a lot of people face some health-related problems in day to day life. The conventional synthetic medicine is not effective enough to cure them alone. The conventional therapy for the management of these health-related issues involves the use of hazardous synthetic chemicals and surgical diagnosis, which have lots of serious side effects. It is necessary to conduct research on herbal medicines, this is an alternative approach to avoid the side effects of synthetic medicines to achieve high effectiveness, low cost and improve patient compliance.Methods:The present survey is an analysis of some of the available data on the use of plants with their biological source, active phytochemicals constituents and a probable activity/ mechanism of action of several classes of drugs. This work also focused on highlighting the advantages of natural medicines for maximum utilization.Results:This article aims to increase awareness about natural medicine and help people find a suitable herbal medicine for the treatment of specific diseases.Conclusion:This article also exhibits the scope for further process in the development of new natural substance for the management of several diseases.
The Impact of Power and Ideology on Edward FitzGerald’s Translation of the Rubáiyát: A Postcolonial Approach
Authors: Nakhaei Bentolhoda 
Published: August 2019

This paper analyzes the issues raised by the change of ideology and the underlying meanings in five FitzGerald’s translations of Khayyám’s quatrains according to the theories of certain translation scholars such as André Lefevere and Antoine Berman. With regard to the fact that the British translator has given a harmonizing beauty and an epicurean flavor of his own to Khayyám’s Rubáiyát, could it be claimed that translator’s voice is louder than the author’s? From the transcreation point of view, one could wonder whether FitzGerald did maintain the intent, style, tone, and content of the Persian quatrains. Do FitzGerald’s translations evoke the same emotions and does it carry the same implications in English as Khayyám’s Rubáiyát does in Persian. In general, from a postcolonial perspective, FitzGerald’s five English translations could offer interesting and fertile ground for investigating the effects of power relationship between the colonizer and the colonized text during the Victorian age in England.

Keywords: Khayyám, quatrains, English translations, the colonizer, the colonized text.
Optimization of Anthocyanin Content in Uwi Flour (Dioscorea alata) Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ulyarti Ulyarti 
Published: August 2019

Abstract—Main problem in the processing of Dioscorea alata’s tuber into flour is the changing of colour. One factor in color changing is attributed to antocyanin reaction in the tuber. Several methods can be applied to minimise the browning and hence maintain the natural colour preferred by the consumers. This research was conducted to obtain the combination of age of harvest, blanching temperature and blanching length which produce the highest content of antocyanin in Dioscorea alata’s flour. The responses measured was anthocyanin content. The result showed that age of harvest was the main factor for anthocyanin content of Dioscorea alata flour. The optimum anthocyanin content is predicted to be achieved by using tuber harvested at 9.6 months, temperature of blanching 86.12oC and blanching time for 0.56 menit.
The Effects of Frying Time and Temperatures on Fatty Acids Profile of Blanched Potato Chips
Authors: Nizori Addion , Mishra Vijay 
Published: August 2019

The aim of this research was to study whether the frying time and temperature affected fatty acids profiles of blanched potato chips. Factorial designs were carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) two factor (time and temperature) and three levels with two replications. Frying temperature was set up at 160 0C, 180 0C and 200 0C. The potato chips were fried for 3, 5, 7 minutes. The oil type used was sunflower. The fatty acids profiles were analyses with capillary gas liquid chromatography (Varian 3400) equipped with an auto sampler and a flame ionization detector (FID) using a 50 m x 0.32 mm (I.D) fused silica bonded phase capillary column (BPX70, SGE, Melbourne, Australia). The experiments were run in duplicate and the present results are the average of the obtained values. ANOVA analysis of the results was carried out using SPSS software (version 11, 2004). The key plot software for making three dimensions was the sigma plot scientific graphing software.
The results showed moisture content and colour index of blanched potato chips decreased significantly with increasing frying time and temperature. Furthermore, unsaturated fatty acids (cis oleic and linoleic) decrease after long period frying.
VLA Dashboard: Um Mecanismo para Visualização do Desempenho de Estudantes de Matemática no Ensino Médio
Authors: Vieira da Silva Euler , Francisco de Magalhães Netto José , Augusto Lima de Souza Ricardo 
Published: August 2019

Este artigo descreve as contribuições do uso de um mecanismo VLA Dashboard para visualização do desempenho de estudantes do Ensino Médio em avaliações de Matemática Básica aplicadas no Moodle. Diante disso, empregou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo Estudo de Caso. Em seguida, a coleta foi aplicada em três etapas: pré-Teste, oficina de capacitação e aplicação de avaliação diagnóstica pelos professores. Também, foi usado o Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia para os questionários. Os resultados apontam que o uso das técnicas de Visualização da Informação, learning analytics e abordagem multiagente contribuem para melhorar os diagnósticos das atividades avaliativas do professor.
INITIATION OF GRAPE (VITIS VINIFERA L.) ON DIFFERENT STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Dewi Ratu Mentari , Yusuf Ramal , Lasmini Sri Anjar , Hawalina Hawalina 
Published: August 2019

The most crucial step during the development of tissue culture is the method of explant sterilization. Especially, explants is sourced directly from fields that were more susceptible to microbial contaminations. This study aimed to obtain sterilization technique from several sterilant for reduced contamination and support growth of shoots grape in vitro. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako, during January to April 2018. The study used a factorial completely randomized design, one factor was tested i.e S1 = Taft 8,3 g/L (0,1% carbendazim), S2 = taft 25 g/L (0,3% carbendazim), S3 = taft 41,67 g/L (0,5% carbendazim), S4 = Taft 8,3 g/L (0,1% carbendazim) + HgCl2 0,1%, S5 = Taft 25 gr/L (0,3% carbendazim) + HgCl2 0,1% dan S6 = 41,67 gr/L (0,5% carbendazim) + HgCl2 0,1 %. There were six treatment and each treatment was replicated three times to obtain 18 experimental units. Each experimental unit using two explant. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Honestly Significant Difference test at level of 5% if the treatment effects were significant. The results showed sterilization technique using taft 41,67 gram / L containing 0.5% carbendazim for 30 minutes, followed by 70% alcohol for 30 seconds and HgCl2 0,1% for 10 minutes gave free contamination for explant.whereas, Taft 8.3 g / L (Carb 0.1%) for 30 min, followed by 70% alcohol for 30 seconds is a sterilization technique that does not inhibit explant growth as indicated from the most callus formation.
Hubungan Antara Konsumsi Makan, Status Gizi, dan Aktivitas Fisik Dengan Kejadian Pre Menstrual Syndrome
Authors: Abriani Ari Arty , Ningtyias Farida Wahyu , Sulistiyani Sulistiyani 
Published: August 2019

Latar Belakang: Pubertas pada remaja putri ditandai dengan menstruasi yang terdapat beberapa gangguan, salah satunya Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS). Studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa 95,24% remaja putri di SMK Negeri 1 Jember mengalami PMS. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara konsumsi makanan (vitamin B6, kalsium, magnesium), status gizi, dan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian PMS pada remaja putri di SMK Negeri 1 Jember. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional. Teknik analisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) , kuesioner Food Recall, angket PMS (Lembar Catatan Harian), angket Physical Activity Level (PAL), dan lembar observasi pengukuran status gizi. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat konsumsi makanan sumber vitamin B6 (77,1%), kalsium (74,7%), dan magnesium (72,3%) adalah defisit, status gizi normal (55,4%), aktivitas fisik ringan (57,8%), dan mengalami PMS ringan (61,5%). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat konsumsi makanan sumber vitamin B6 (p=0,000), kalsium (p=0,000), magnesium (p=0,020), dan aktivitas fisik (p=0,000) dengan kejadian PMS. Sebagian besar remaja putri termasuk usia remaja menengah, memiliki tingkat konsumsi makanan (vitamin B6, kalsium, magnesium) yang defisit, status gizi normal, aktivitas fisik ringan, dan mengalami PMS ringan
Zasoby zielarskie w agrocenozach Mińskiego Obszaru Chronionego Krajobrazu
Authors: SKRAJNA TERESA , BOGUSZ AGNIESZKA 
Published: August 2019

W sezonach wegetacyjnych 2012–2014 przeprowadzono inwentaryzację florystyczną agrocenoz (MOChK), której głównym celem było określenie składu gatunkowego, częstości występowania, zasobności stanowisk oraz możliwości wykorzystania roślin o właściwościach leczniczych. Badania polegały na wykonaniu zdjęć fitosocjologicznych metodą Braun-Blanqueta. W wyniku analizy zgromadzonego materiału stwierdzono występowanie 116 gatunków chwastów – ziół. Pod względem pochodzenia liczbowo przeważały rośliny rodzime – apofity (80 gatunków – 68,9%) nad antropofitami (36 gatunków – 31,1% ogólnej liczby stwierdzonych gatunków). Wśród apofitów dominowały apofity łąkowe (28 gatunków) oraz pochodzące z siedlisk wilgotnych i murawowych (po 19 gatunków). Z obcych gatunków zdecydowanie najliczniej występowały archeofity (30 gatunków). W analizowanej florze zielarskiej większy udział miały gatunki wieloletnie – byliny (61 gatunków) niż gatunki krótkotrwałe (55 gatunków). Dominującą formą życiową były terofity (51 gatunków) i hemikryptofity (41 gatunki). Rośliny zielarskie agrocenoz MOChK najczęściej zaliczane były do gatunków bardzo rzadkich, rzadkich i dość rzadkich (61 gatunków) występujących z niewielkim pokryciem powierzchni. Gatunków bardzo pospolitych i pospolitych było 37. Wśród nich duże pokrycie osiągało 8 gatunków (Chenopodium album, Stellaria media, Gnaphalium uliginosum, Galinsoga parviflora, Anthemis arvensis, Centaurea cyanus, Elymus repens i Viola arvensis). Wśród stwierdzonych chwastów – ziół najbardziej liczną grupę stanowiły gatunki, które do celów farmaceutycznych mogą dostarczać ziele jako surowiec (57 gatunków); były to np.: Epilobium parviflorum, Galeopsis tetrahit, Descurainia sophia, Gnaphalium uliginosum, Hypericum humifusum. W grupie roślin leczniczych stwierdzono 12 gatunków rzadkich i zagrożonych – w regionie i w kraju, m.in. Agrostemma githago, Centaurium pulchellum, Consolida regalis, Hypericum humifusum i Herniaria glabra. Ponadto Helichrysium arenarium i Centaurium pulchellum objęte są ochroną gatunkową.
Efektywność rolnicza i ekonomiczna nawożenia azotem i siarką w uprawie soi
Authors: GŁOWACKA ALEKSANDRA , KASICZAK AGNIESZKA 
Published: August 2019

Soja jest bardzo wartościową rośliną uprawną. Ważnymi składnikami pokarmowymi, niezbędnymi do pełnego wykorzystanie jej możliwości plonotwórczych, są azot i siarka. Celem badań była ocena efektywności rolniczej i ekonomicznej nawożenia azotem oraz siarką stosowanego w uprawie soi. W pracy wykorzystano dane pozyskane z dwuczynnikowego eksperymentu polowego przeprowadzonego w latach 2015–2017, w którym zróżnicowano dawki azotu (I czynnik: 0, 30 i 60 kg·ha–1) i siarki (II czynnik: 0 i 40 kg·ha–1). Do określenia efektywności wykorzystano nadwyżkę bezpośrednią oraz wskaźnik efektywności rolniczej i końcowej nawożenia azotem i siarką. Wykazano, że dawka 30 kg·ha–1 azotu istotnie zwiększyła plon nasion soi, a termin zastosowania tej dawki nie miał znaczenia. Najwyższe plony uzyskano po zastosowaniu 60 kg N·ha–1. Korzystny wpływ siarki stwierdzono w wyniku wyłącznej pogłównej aplikacji siarki w dawce 40 kg ha–1 oraz po łącznym jej zastosowaniu z wprowadzoną pogłównie dawką 30 kg N·ha–1. Wskaźniki efektywności rolniczej i końcowej nawożenia azotem bez dodatku siarki były najwyższe dla dawki 30 kg N ha–1 wniesionej przedsiewnie, a przy łącznym stosowaniu azotu i siarki dla tej samej dawki, ale aplikowanej na początku wypełniania nasion.
Application of titanium-in-quartz geothermometry to magmatic quartz in evolved rocks from the Bushveld Complex, South Africa
Authors: Buthelezi M. , Ashwal L.D. , Horváth P. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We report concentration data for the trace element titanium (Ti) in magmatic quartz in eight samples of leucogabbronorite, anorthosite, olivine ferrodiorite and quartz anorthosite from the Main and Upper Zones of the Bushveld Complex. The results, obtained by electron microprobe analysis, were used with Ti-in-quartz geothermometers (TitaniQ) to constrain the solidus temperatures of these rocks. Magmatic quartz is present sporadically in the mafic cumulate rocks of the 2950 m Bellevue borehole (Northern Limb), and commonly occurs as intercumulus, triangular patches, typically between cumulus feldspars and pyroxenes, suggesting that it crystallized late, from trapped interstitial melts. Quartz grains in rutile-bearing samples (implying TiO2 activity = 1) yield Ti concentrations of 48 to 106 ppm that constrain the solidus temperatures of the Bellevue cumulate rocks at T= 677 to 767ºC, using a calibration of the pressure-sensitive geothermometer at 3 kbar, thought to represent the emplacement pressure of the mafic cumulate rocks. These results imply a mean solidus temperature for Bushveld cumulate rocks of approximately 732 ± 31ºC (n = 7). Cathodoluminescence imagery (CL) of quartz from the studied samples reveals a variety of textures that correlate with Ti content, and hence temperature. These include rim-to-core (RC) zoning, homogeneous CL intensity and some samples show irregular patches of variable CL intensity. The observed zoning can be interpreted as intercumulus quartz grains that crystallized from their rims inward towards their cores.
Heat flow in the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: implications for upper mantle structure
Authors: Jones M.Q.W. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Geothermal measurements in South Africa since 1939 have resulted in a good coverage of heat flow observations. The Archaean Kaapvaal Craton, in the central part of South Africa, is the best-studied tectonic domain, with nearly 150 heat flow measurements. The greatest density of heat flow sites is in the Witwatersrand Basin goldfields, where geothermal data are essential for determining refrigeration requirements of deep (up to 4 km) gold mines; the average heat flow is 51 ± 6mWm-2. The Bushveld Complex north of the Witwatersrand Basin is an extensive 2.06 Ga ultramafic-felsic intrusive complex that hosts the world’s largest reserves of platinum. The deepest platinum mines reach ~2 km and the need for thermal information for mine refrigeration engineering has led to the generation of a substantial geothermal database. Nearly 1000 thermal conductivity measurements have been made on rocks constituting the Bushveld Complex, and borehole temperature measurements have been made throughout the Complex. The temperature at maximum rock-breaking depth (~2.5 km) is 70°C, approximately 30°C higher than the temperature at equivalent depth in the Witwatersrand Basin; the thermal gradient in the Bushveld Complex is approximately double that in the Witwatersrand Basin. The main reason for this is the low thermal conductivity of rocks overlying platinum mines.
The Bushveld data also resulted in 31 new estimates for the heat flux through the Earth’s crust. The overall average value for the Bushveld, 47 ± 7 mW m-2, is the same, to within statistical error, as the Witwatersrand Basin average. The heat flow for platinum mining areas (45 mW m-2) and the heat flux into the floor of the Witwatersrand Basin (43 mW m-2) are typical of Archaean cratons world-wide. The temperature structure of the Kaapvaal lithosphere calculated from the Witwatersrand geothermal data is essentially the same as that derived from thermobarometric studies of Cretaceous kimberlite xenoliths. Both lines of evidence lead to an estimated heat flux of ~17 mW m-2 for the mantle below the Kaapvaal Craton. The estimated thermal thickness of the Kaapvaal lithosphere (235 km) is similar to that defined on the basis of seismic tomography and magnetotelluric studies. The lithosphere below the Bushveld Complex is not significantly hotter than that below the Witwatersrand Basin. This favours a chemical origin rather than a thermal origin for the upper mantle anomaly below the Bushveld Complex that has been identified by seismic tomography studies and magnetotelluric soundings.
Hydrogeology of the Sterkfontein Cave System, Cradle of Humankind, South Africa
Authors: Hobbs P. , de Meillon N. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A water level rise of almost 3 m in the space of two years in the Sterkfontein Cave system since late-2009 necessitated the re-routing of the tourist path through the cave to successively higher elevations on three occasions. It also raised concern for a possible association with copious acidic and sulphate-rich mine water drainage from the West Rand Goldfield (a.k.a. Western Basin) starting in early-2010, and the related threat to the UNESCO-inscribed fossil site. Although these circumstances have had little impact on the tourist value of the site, a prognosis of the impact on cave water level and quality is indicated by virtue of its karst setting and palaeontological significance. Historical and recent potentiometric data, together with ancillary hydrogeological and hydrochemical information acquired in the course of a water resources monitoring programme for the broader Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, provides new insight into the hydrogeology of the cave system. An improved understanding of the hydrophysical and hydrochemical response of the cave water system sheds light on the location of this system within the water resources environment. It is proposed that the present-day maximum cave water level is constrained to an elevation of ~1440 m above mean sea level. The recent electrical conductivity of 78 mS/m for cave water is 32% greater than the 59 mS/m recorded in mid-2010 and earlier. Similarly, the recent sulphate concentration of 161 mg/L is 178% greater than the 58 mg/L recorded before 2010. Compared to coeval values for ambient karst groundwater represented by the normative Zwartkrans Spring water, the magnitude of the increases in the springwater are similar, viz. 48% (from 84 to 124 mS/m) in salinity and 166% (from 154 to 409 mg/L) in sulphate. Although a distinct mine water impact is evident in both instances, the values indicate a muted impact on the cave water chemistry compared to the springwater. These and other documented observations better inform the threat from various poorer quality water sources to the fossil site in particular, and to the broader karst water resource in general. This contextualises concern for the hydroenvironmental future of Sterkfontein Cave and other nearby fossil sites such as Swartkrans, Rising Star and Bolt’s Farm. The dynamic response of the water resources environment to a variety of hydrological and hydrogeological drivers reinforces the need for monitoring vigilance across a range of disciplines.
Impelementasi Multimedia Development Life Cycle pada Pengembangan Game Edukasi Pengenalan Bahaya Sampah pada Anak
Authors: Borman Rohmat Indra , Purwanto Yogi 
Published: August 2019

Media pembelajaran seperti game edukasi merupakan permaianan dalam bentuk digital yang dirancang untuk membantu pengguna dalam mempelajari sesuatu sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman pengguna dalam melatih kemampuan dan motivasi belajar. Sampah merupakan masalah yang belum bisa diselesaikan karena masih kurangnya kesadaran akan cinta lingkungan dari masyarakat khususnya anak usia dini. Untuk mempermudah anak mencerna dan menumbuhkan rasa cinta lingkungan, dibutuhkan media yang interaktif dan menarik. Game edukasi pengenalan bahaya sampah memberikan materi bahaya dan praktik membuang sampah kepada anak-anak dengan model game berbasis multimedia. Untuk mengembangkan game edukasi pada penelitian ini menerapkan metode pengembangan sistem Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC). MDLC terdiri dari enam tahap yaitu concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, dan ditribution. Pada game edukasi ini terdiri dari beberap level tingkat kesulitan. Hal ini bertujuan agar game lebih menarik dan menantang, sehingga tujuan game menumbuhkan kesadaran terhadap anak-anak dapat tercapai. Hasil pengujian berdasarkan tanggapan guru Taman Kanak-kanak (TK) menunujukan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 87,18% dan termasuk dalam kategori Baik.