bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of a variably saturated flow model in the global E3SM Land Model (ELM) version 1.0
Authors: Bisht Gautam , Riley William J. , Hammond Glenn E. , Lorenzetti David M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Improving global-scale model representations of near-surface soil moisture
and groundwater hydrology is important for accurately simulating terrestrial
processes and predicting climate change effects on water resources. Most
existing land surface models, including the default E3SM Land Model (ELMv0),
which we modify here, routinely employ different formulations for water
transport in the vadose and phreatic zones. Clark et al. (2015) identified a
variably saturated Richards equation flow model as an important capability
for improving simulation of coupled soil moisture and shallow groundwater
dynamics. In this work, we developed the Variably Saturated Flow Model (VSFM)
in ELMv1 to unify the treatment of soil hydrologic processes in the
unsaturated and saturated zones. VSFM was tested on three benchmark problems
and results were evaluated against observations and an existing benchmark
model (PFLOTRAN). The ELMv1-VSFM's subsurface drainage parameter,
fd, was calibrated to match an observationally
constrained and
spatially explicit global water table depth (WTD) product. Optimal
spatially explicit fd values were obtained for 79 % of global
1.9∘ × 2.5∘ grid cells, while the remaining 21 %
of global grid cells had predicted WTD deeper than the
observationally constrained estimate. Comparison with predictions using the
default fd value demonstrated that calibration significantly
improved predictions, primarily by allowing much deeper WTDs. Model
evaluation using the International Land Model Benchmarking package (ILAMB)
showed that improvements in WTD predictions did not degrade model skill for
any other metrics. We evaluated the computational performance of the VSFM
model and found that the model is about 30 % more expensive than the
default ELMv0 with an optimal processor layout. The modular software design
of VSFM not only provides flexibility to configure the model for a range of
problem setups but also allows for building the model independently of the ELM
code, thus enabling straightforward testing of the model's physics against
other models.
Societal, Culture and Entrepreneurial Opportunities Exploitation of New Venture Activities: Mediating Role of Proactiveness
Authors: Xuhui Wang , Liu Jia , Pacho Frida 
Published: October 2018

An unanswered question is concerned with the influence of culture of individualism, power distance and uncertainty avoidance in entrepreneurs’ opportunity exploitation of new venture activities in developing economies in the context of societal level. Based on the sample of 130 individual entrepreneurs in Tanzania, this paper analyses how culture of individualism, uncertainty avoidance and power distance influence entrepreneurial opportunity exploitation of new venture activities on societal level. The results indicated that the culture of individualism contributes highly on entrepreneurs’ opportunity exploitation of new venture activities. The results of uncertainty avoidance imply that the greater the uncertainty avoidance, the less the entrepreneurs’ chance to exploit opportunities of new venture activities. The proactive behaviour that was used as a mediator variable also contributes to the relationship between individualism, uncertainty avoidance and entrepreneurs’ opportunity exploitation of new venture activities. The study has made a contribution to the developing countries literature by focusing on individual entrepreneurs on societal level.
Student Led Campus Desire Path Evaluation Using Pictometry® Neighborhood Imagery
Authors: Kulhavy David , Unger Daniel , Hung I-Kuai 
Published: October 2018

A student led evaluation of desire paths (e.g., paths created by pedestrians on an open landscape) across the Stephen F. Austin State University (SFASU) campus was performed within a senior level spatial science course in order to create a method for mitigation of desire paths and for campus beautification. Each desire path on campus was identified with the length of each path measured in the field and categorized by the condition of the path in order to assess and determine a necessary solution for each path identified. In addition, Pictometry® high spatial resolution digital imagery was used to determine if the categorization of the conditions of the desire paths, as well as the length of each desire path, could be identified and quantified without the need to measure each individual desire path in the field. Students, within an interactive hands-on classroom environment, compared in-field desire path measurements with Pictometry® on-screen measurements to determine the effectiveness of remotely sensed Pictometry® imagery to identify and quantify desire path location and length respectfully.
Aircraft Wet Leases: Accounting Dissonance with Competitive Strategy and Travelers’ Perspectives
Authors: Bellandi Francesco 
Published: October 2018

Under IFRS 16 and Topic 842 a lessee&rsquo;s right to control the use an aircraft in a wet lease is an asset. On the other hand, contract analysis sees a wet lease as an opportunistic, external, temporary, competitive tool for flight flexibility and tactic cost advantage. Finally, travelers may be worried of safety and service quality or disruption in a wet lease, as the flight is not operated by their airline. This article addresses the accounting for aircraft wet leases as an exemplar case of a lease with substantial services, to discover that there is dissonance between the economic views behind accounting, business model and competitive strategy, and user service perspective.

After a thorough analysis of IFRS 16 and Topic 842 applied to wet leases for the first time in a public study, a review of disclosures in financial statements of 59 sampled airlines confirms a clear contrast between the competitive analysis, traveler&rsquo;s perspective and the accounting view. Such a dystonia is supposed to reflect the view of investors and creditors, which the IASB&rsquo;s and FASB&rsquo;s Conceptual Frameworks denote as primary users of financial statements, as opposed to other members of the public, including customers. This results in a failure to give enough space to the indirect effects of such alternative views on customers&rsquo; demand and revenue, hence company&rsquo;s prospects for future net cash inflows, which according to the Conceptual Framework is the main driver of investors and creditors decision making.

Highlights

Contract analysis is provided on wet leases as a business model competitive tool.
Analysis under IFRS 16 and Topic 842 and IAS 17/IFRIC 4 and Topic 840 is provided.
Above views are compared with travelers&rsquo; concerns about safety and service quality.
Airline financial statements disclosures on these three views are analyzed.

Views are traced to primary versus other users&rsquo; conflict in the Conceptual Framework.
Single-Laboratory Validation of a Method for Determination of Ergocalciferol in Protein Drink Powders and Tablets by LC-MS/MS
Authors: Ritruthai Vicha , Rubinsky Maria , Babajanian Silva , Chang Peter , Swanson Gary 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background: Currently, there is a lack of validation studies available in the literature for the determination of ergocalciferol, especially for those using a direct extraction technique. The current official methodologies for the quantification of ergocalciferol require saponification, liquid−liquid extraction, or both, thus requiring experienced technicians and specialized reflux equipment. This work provides a method that is more easily accessible to laboratories without these resources while still achieving the robustness needed for a successful validation of low levels of ergocalciferol in complex matrixes. Objective: A single-laboratory validation study was conducted for a rapid quantification method of ergocalciferol in protein drink powders and tablets. Methods: The method uses an LC-MS/MS with multimode source utilizing atmospheric pressure chemical ionization positive ionization mode. For both protein drink powders and tablets, the procedure consisted of a liquid extraction step using dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol. Isotopically labeled ergocalciferol was used as an internal standard to correct for signal depression caused by matrix interference. Results: This LC-MS/MS method was found to be accurate, precise, linear (from 0.01 to 0.3 μg/mL), rugged, and suitable for protein drink powders and tablets. Conclusions: The method was validated and is suitable for accurate quantification of ergocalciferol in tablet and protein powder products. Highlights: This work provides a validated method for accurate quantification of ergocalciferol in complex matrixes using a direct extraction technique. This may benefit quality control laboratories in the food and nutraceutical industries, where simple and efficient methodology is key to optimal functioning.
Response Surface Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Tea Polyphenols from Green Tea Scraps
Authors: Wang Weifang , Han Sai , Zha Xianjun , Cheng Jiangrui , Song Junying , Jiao Zhen 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background: The green tea scraps are the waste materials during the process of green tea production, and it is significant to extractvaluable tea polyphenols (TP) for reuse. Objective: The objective of this study was to extract valuable TP from green tea scraps, and the extraction conditions were optimized to obtain maximum yield of TP. Methods: The TPwere extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) with 65% (v/v) aqueous ethanol solution as cosolvent. The content of TP was determinedwith the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The key factors ofthe extraction process, including temperature (313.15–323.15 K), pressure (20–30 Mpa), and amount of cosolvent (50–150 mL) were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Results: These key factors showed the extremely complex effects on the extraction yield of TP. A second-order polynomial mathematical modelwasdeveloped for the response with high R-squared value (R2 = 0.9946) and used to predict the optimal conditions (i.e., temperature of 322.15 K, pressure of 23.60MPa, and amount of cosolvent of 150 mL). The verification experiments showed that the maximum yield ofTP was 23.07 ± 0.82% under the optimal conditions, which was in good agreement with the predicted value. Conclusions: TP can be successfully extracted from green tea scraps by SC-CO2, and RSM could be used to optimize the extraction process. Highlights: SC-CO2 extraction of TP from green tea scraps was developed. The operating conditions, including pressure, temperature, and amount of cosolvent, were optimized. RSM could successfully predict the optimal operating conditions.
Redes sociales digitales en la migración trasnacional romá de Rumanía. Una polymedia transnacional = Digital Media and Digital Networks in the Romanian Roma Migration: A new transnational polymedia
Authors: Ogáyar-Marín Francisco-Javier , Muntean Vasile , Gamella-Mora Juan-Francisco 
Published: October 2018

Resumen: En este artículo estudiamos la convergencia de la migración romá rumana posterior a 1989 con el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) a partir de ese mismo período. Para ello hemos partido del trabajo etnográfico previo realizado durante dos campañas entre 2003-2007 y 2013-2016 respectivamente con siete redes romá Korturare procedentes de las regiones rumanas de Transilvania y el Bánato, centrándonos en tres de ellas por su presencia en la ciudad de Granada. El rol de los recursos de polymedia, un entorno emergente de posibilidades comunicativas, facilita y alienta los desplazamientos migratorios al reducir incertidumbres y permitir experiencias de copresencia (digitalizada) en un contexto transnacional. Esta situación favorece dinámicas de reproducción y control cultural, pero a la vez habilita y permite usos diferenciados en polymedia que esbozan transformaciones en las costumbres romá.Abstract: In this paper we explore the convergence of two contemporary parallel processes: the post-1990 transnational migration of Roma groups from some Eastern European countries, particularly Romania to the West, and the growing use by these populations of the expanding social media derived from the revolutionary development of new ICT (information and communication technologies). We have followed some groups from Transylvania and Banat to their western diaspora in a long-term ethnographic work that started in 2003 and was retaken in a recent ethnographic project (2013-2017). We have studied primarily groups living in Andalusia, although their family networks are extended today over more than 30 localities in a dozen of European and North American countries. These networks of networks form a social space or commuinity or reference that is largely maintained through digital communication. The different social media and communication options (from Facebook to cheap phone calls) generate a new kind of virtual environment or polymedia (Madianou and Miller 2011, 2012). In this paper we explore the effects of this new social space of communication in three major aspects of Roma social life: 1)Its effects in facilitating, supporting and inducing mobility and migration; 2) In cultural reproduction and transformation through the maintenance of specific systems of family, marriage, gender and conflict resolution, including the online transmission of public trials and courts (kris), funerary rituals and elaborated marriage ceremonies, including betrothal (mangaimo) and weddings (abev); and 3)In new processes of social distinction and differentiation following fracture lines of class, gender and generation.
Entre lieux de mémoire et lieux de l’oubli au Maroc
Authors: Semi Emanuela Trevisan 
Published: October 2018

À partir des années 1990, le Maroc a entamé un processus de reconnaissance des différentes identités, d’origine berbère ou juive, qui ont contribué à la formation de l’identité marocaine à travers le temps. En fait, jusque dans les années 1990, et en accord avec l’atmosphère panarabiste de l’époque, les politiques gouvernementales au Maroc cherchaient à cacher et à marginaliser tous les héritages historiques et culturels non arabes. Le changement de politique intervenu dans les années 90 a donné lieu à un nouvel ensemble de problèmes en termes de mémoire et de politique du patrimoine. L’intérêt manifesté par le roi Mohammed VI, qui souhaitait que tous les cimetières juifs du Maroc soient restaurés grâce à des fonds provenant directement du Palais Royal, a permis de sauver 167 cimetières juifs au Maroc en 2015. Face à cette situation, le cas de Meknès est unique et intéressant à analyser. Meknès, l’une des villes les plus importantes de l’histoire des juifs au Maroc, ne compte jusqu’à aujourd’hui aucun lieu de mémoire juif restauré et préservé, à l’exception d’une restauration partielle de l’ancien cimetière réalisé en 2017. Le cimetière de l’ancien mellah à Meknès, en particulier, présente une typologie urbaine unique qui voit les tombeaux nichés le long de ses murs, les plus sacrés étant placés au pied des murs eux-mêmes, comme pour protéger, de cette position, tout le mellah. Cet article analysera donc le cas spécifique de Meknès et de l’oubli de son héritage juif.
Tourisme républicain des racines en Espagne
Authors: Ribert Evelyne 
Published: October 2018

Ce que l’on appelle le tourisme mémoriel a connu une grande expansion au cours des dernières décennies, qu’il s’agisse de visites de sites historiques ou d’itinéraires plus personnels, comme des retours sur les lieux du passé familial. Quels sont les effets de ces formes personnelles de tourisme mémoriel sur la perception qu’a une famille de son histoire et sur l’interprétation des conflits du passé dans lesquels cette histoire s’insère ? Provoquent-elles ou non des changements dans les représentations et un apaisement des mémoires ? Les formes officielles d’évocation du passé s’articulent-elles avec les souvenirs et les récits privés, et de quelle façon ? Quel est l’impact d’une telle intensification du « travail mémoriel » sur un éventuel retour sur le passé familial ? Nous essaierons de répondre à ces questions à partir du cas des descendants de républicains espagnols exilés en France. Nous étudierons les éventuels voyages entrepris par des descendants qui ont visité une exposition sur l’histoire de l’immigration espagnole en France à la recherche d’indices sur leur propre passé.
Simultaneous nitrate and organic matter removal from a dairy effluent by biodenitrification
Authors: Hamdani Ahmed , Mountadar Mohammed , Assobhei Omar 
Published: October 2018

In order to study the simultaneous removal of nitrate and organic matter from a dairy effluent containing 670 mg∙L-1of nitrate (NO3--N) and 5 760 mg∙L-1of dissolved chemical oxygen demand (CODd), denitrification in a laboratory scale bioreactor consisting of an immersed bacterial bed colonized by an heterotrophic denitrifying flora (HDF) selected for NO3-reduction, COD consumption and adapted to grow on an effluent produced by a dairy industry was investigated. The obtained results indicated that at the optimal conditions of temperature (30°C), pH (7), COD/NO3--N ratio (5), the operation lasted 108h with total reduction of nitrate in 72h, no nitrite accumulation, and 92% of soluble COD removal in 96h. This indicates that the biodenitrification was accompanied with a high efficiency of matter organic removal as an electron donor, and thereby satisfies the applicable standards.
KAJIAN TEORITIS ATAS HARMONISASI ANTARA KESERAGAMAN (UNIFORMITY) PRAKTIK AKUNTANSI KOMERSIAL DAN FISKAL DALAM PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN INDONESIA
Authors: Widodo Arie , Harinurdin Erwin 
Published: October 2018

Standar akuntansi di Indonesia yang menjadi pedoman perusahaan Perbankan dalam praktik akuntansi adalah Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (SAK) yang dikeluarkan oleh Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI), namun demikian masalah yang menonjol dalam akuntansi komersial perusahaaan perbankan dengan pajak dalam rangka menyesuaikan dengan karakteristik perusahaan perbankan diberikan pengaturan tersendiri karena menyangkut kerahasiaan nasabah.Adanya penyesuaian yang harus dilakukan terhadap laporan keuangan perusahaan untuk memenuhi ketentuan perpajakan seperti yang dilaporkan di lampiran SPT Tahunan Pajak Penghasilan Badan berupa koreksi fiskal positif maupun koreksi fiskal negatif, maka ini menjadi tujuan penelitian ini.Walaupun akuntansi mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat besar dalam pajak namun terdapat banyak perbedaan antara akuntansi dan pajak. Perbedaan itu timbul karena adanya perbedaan tujuan antara pajak dan akuntansi. Tujuan utama akuntansi keuangan adalah untuk menyediakan informasi yang berguna kepada manajemen, para pemegang saham, para kreditur dan pihak-pihak lain yang berkepentingan. Tanggung jawab utama akuntansi adalah melindungi pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan tersebut. Sebaliknya tujuan utama sistem pajak adalah pemungutan pajak secara adil. Tujuan utama instansi perpajakan adalah melindungi kepentingan masyarakat pajak. Kata kunci : akuntansi, pajak, fiskal, laporan keuangan.
PANDANGAN LULUSAN PRODI MANAJEMEN INFORMASI DAN DOKUMEN PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN VOKASI UI TERHADAP PEKERJAAN DI BIDANG PERPUSTAKAAN DAN KEARSIPAN
Authors: Safitri Dyah 
Published: October 2018

Kebutuhan pada sumber daya manusia yang memiliki keahlian mengelola informasi sangat dibutuhkan. Seperti jumlah tenaga arsiparis dengan kebutuhan pada tenaga tersebut jauh dari seimbang. Kebutuhan pada tenaga pustakawan juga masih sangat tinggi dalam mengelola informasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pandangan lulusan program studi MID angkatan 2014 yang lulus pada 2017 terhadap profesi yang akan mereka jalani. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei daring terhadap mahasiswa program studi MID angkatan 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa softskill dan hardskill dari mata perkuliahan yang diajarkan ke mereka dirasa akan menunjang profesinya ke depan. Dari sisi keinginan bekerja, mayoritas responden memilih bidang kearsipan karena mereka merasa menguasai bidang tersebut. Pendidikan lanjutan menjadi salah satu keinginan terbesar bagi mahasiswa lulusan MID untuk mendapatkan gelar sarjana. Kata kunci; Kurikulum 2013, Mahasiswa MID angkatan 2014, Program Pendidikan Vokasi UI, Perpustakaan, Kearsipan
The Isolation DNA Chromosomal DNA from Local Isolate of Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteria from East Java
Authors: Wahjuni Retno Sri , Yuliani M. Gandul Atik 
Published: October 2018

Aeromoniasis is a bacterial disease caused by Aeromonas hydrophila that affects fish and shrimps in ponds and aquariums. This is an ulcer disease that causes petechiae in scales of fish and may be fatal. It can cause economic loss if it is not treated with medication accompanied with improved sanitation. It affects numerous freshwater fish farms in East Java. A previous study has characterized an antigenic protein derived from the outer membrane protein of A. hydrophila. In order to perform sequencing of the DNA coding for this protein, we first conducted a study for isolating DNA fragments of A. hydrophila via four stages: cultivation and harvesting of bacterial cells, cell lysis, DNA purification, and the concentration of chromosomal DNA. The results will be used as a predictive immunogenic determinant by the method by Kolaskar and Tongaonkar. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, chromosomal DNA, immunogenic determinant
ГЕНЕРАЛИЗАЦИЯ СТРАХА В МОДЕЛЯХ НА ЖИВОТНЫХ: НЕЙРОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ И ВОЗМОЖНЫЕ МИШЕНИ КОРРЕКЦИИ, "Успехи физиологических наук"
Authors: Саульская Н.Б. 
Published: October 2018

Обзор посвящен оценке современных представлений о природе и механизмах генерализации страха, феномене, выражающемся в проявлении страха на безопасные стимулы и являющемся характеристикой ряда социально значимых стрессовых расстройств. Проанализировано участие структур амигдалярного комплекса ядер, медиальной префронтальной коры и их взаимодействие с гиппокампальной формацией в формировании и контроле разных компонентов условнорефлекторного страха, а также в его генерализации. Приводятся литературные и собственные данные, полученные в модельных экспериментах на лабораторных животных, о возможности селективного воздействия на генерализованный страх. В частности, рассматривается вклад в контроль генерализации страха серотонинергической и нитрергической систем медиальной префронтальной коры. На основании анализа этих данных предлагается рассматривать генерализованный страх как один из самостоятельных компонентов условнорефлекторного страха, характеризующийся собственными нейрофизиологическими механизмами, воздействие на которые обеспечивают потенциальную возможность для его коррекции не только в эксперименте, но и, в перспективе, в клинике.