bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P.3.19 Effect of occupational work and safety issues on road crash injuries in the philippines
Authors: Lu Sophia Francesca 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThis study looked at occupational road crashes and work schedule among truck and bus drivers in comparison to other drivers and motorists on the road of Metro manila which is one of the cities globally with a high traffic density. One of the most precarious work occupations is driving especially buses used for public transportation, and trucks for commercial activities. This is most astute in the metrolopolis.MethodsThe study used meta-analysis of previous studies conducted, grey literature, government statistics, and validation through key database research in concerned national government agencies involved in road traffic from 2010–2015.ResultsThe study found that the in terms of the number of public utility vehicles registered in Metro Manila (2015), 51.27% were buses and 20.21% were trucks. Majority of the drivers worked more than 12 hours a day. In terms of time and peak of accidents, it is alarming to note that about 35% of the road crashes occurred from 22–23 gmt (2010–2015), and 30% from 23–24 (2010–2015) gmt. Human error accounted for the overwhelming cause of road crashes such as drunk driving, beating the red light, sleepiness, accounting for 99.52% in 2012, 99.47% in 2013, 95.33% in 2014, and 97.19% in 2015. Majority of the drivers worked over prolonged hours on the road that may cause fatigue and sleepiness which are the highest risk factor to road accident based on the study.ConclusionThe study has shown how risky driving is as an occupation especially due to the work schedule and work issues. The study suggests developing better information, education and communication campaign as well as policies particularly on work conditions favorable to bus and truck drivers, and likewise, considering work schedule in road safety among drivers which composes one of the risky occupations.
Does a mandatory non-medical switch from originator to biosimilar etanercept lead to increase in healthcare use and costs? A Danish register-based study of patients with inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Glintborg Bente , Ibsen Rikke , Bilbo Rebecca Elisabeth Qwist , Lund Hetland Merete , Kjellberg Jakob 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesIn year 2016, Danish national guidelines included a mandatory switch of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases treated with originator etanercept (ETA) to biosimilar SB4 in routine care. We aimed to explore if switching lead to increased healthcare utilisation and costs.MethodsObservational cohort study. Adult patients who switched from ETA to SB4 were identified in the Danish nationwide DANBIO registry. In the National Patient Registry, we identified health utilisation (hospital admissions/hospital days/outpatient visits/prescription medication use) and comorbidities. Estimation of health utilisation included average use and costs 1 year before/after switch, changes after the switch, and whether patient characteristics affected changes. Analyses were by adjusted two-step gamma distributed regression models, and for changes over time a generalized estimation equations (GEE) model was applied. Impact of comorbidities was explored as interaction terms in the model. Medication costs of ETA and SB4 were not included in model.Results1620 patients were included (mean age 55 years (SD 14.7), 40% male). Costs before and after switching were mainly driven by outpatient visits (67%/72% of all costs). Monthly fluctuations of costs were similar before/after switch. After switching, use (8%) and costs (7%) of outpatient services increased, whereas costs of admissions (55%) and medication (5%) decreased. Patients with longer ETA treatment duration had an increase in use and costs of healthcare resources, whereas gender and comorbidities had no impact. Higher age was associated with an increase in costs of inpatient services.ConclusionWe demonstrated no obvious changes in overall use and costs of healthcare services following switch from originator to biosimilar etanercept.
Firearm assault in Philadelphia, 2005–2014: a comparison of police and trauma registry data
Authors: Kaufman Elinore , Holena Daniel N , Yang Wei P , Morrison Christopher N , Jacoby Sara F , Seamon Mark , Sims Carrie , Wiebe Douglas J , Beard Jessica H 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundFirearm injury is a major public health burden in the USA. Absent a single, reliable data source, researchers have attempted to describe firearm injury epidemiology using trauma registry data. To understand the implications of this approach, we compared trends in firearm assault incidence and case-fatality in Philadelphia over 10 years from two sources: the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study (PTOS), Pennsylvania’s state-mandated trauma registry, and the Philadelphia Police Department database (PPD) of firearm assaults.MethodsWe included PTOS firearm assault patients treated in Philadelphia County and PPD database firearm assault victims from 2005 to 2014. We calculated counts of fatal and non-fatal incidents using PTOS and PPD data. We used generalized linear models adjusted for seasonality to estimate temporal trends in firearm assault rates and case-fatality for both data sources and compared patient demographics and injury characteristics between the two.ResultsA total of 6988 PTOS and 14 172 PPD subjects met the inclusion criteria. In both data sets, firearm assault rates decreased significantly during the study period (PTOS: 5.19 vs. 3.43 per 10 000 person-years, change/year: −0.21, 95% CI −0.26 to –0.16; PPD: 10.97 vs. 6.70 per 10 000 person-years, change/year: −0.53, 95% CI −0.62 to –0.44). PTOS mean case-fatality rate was 26.5% and decreased significantly (change/year: −0.41, 95% CI −0.78% to 0.04%). PPD mean case-fatality rate was 18.9% with no significant change over time (p=0.41).DiscussionRelative to PPD data, PTOS data underestimated firearm assault incidence and overestimated mortality. Trends in case-fatality rates were disparate across the two data sources. A true understanding of firearm injury in the USA requires comprehensive data collection on the incidence, nature, and severity of these injuries. As trauma registry data are by definition incomplete, combining data sources is essential. Local law enforcement data are an important potential source for studying city-level firearm injury.Level of evidenceLevel III, epidemiological.
Use of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation in the management of refractory trauma-related severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a national survey of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma
Authors: Raff Lauren , Kerby Jeffrey David , Reiff Donald , Jansen Jan , Schinnerer Eric , McGwin Gerald , Bosarge Patrick 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo report results of a national survey of provider attitudes, observations, and opinions regarding the use of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) to manage severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in trauma patients.DesignA survey was created to query providers on the use of ECMO in trauma, as well as general management principals related to care of the patient with refractory hypoxic respiratory failure. The survey was sent to all members of Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST). Once completed, the survey was returned to the University of Alabama at Birmingham and results were analyzed.Setting/patientsTrauma patients with refractory ARDS.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsRespondents were from 37 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. 56.9% reported institutional ECMO capabilities, but only 45.2% reported using ECMO for trauma patients. Most respondents (90.2%) reported ECMO use in less than or equal to five trauma patients per year. 20.9% think there is not enough data to support its use in trauma but only 4.7% would absolutely not consider ECMO use for trauma patients. Ranking the preferred modality of treatments for refractory ARDS from most to least preferable is as follows: airway pressure release ventilation, bilevel ventilation, paralysis, prone positioning, inhaled nitric oxide, epoprostenol, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, corticosteroids, surfactant.ConclusionsARDS has a high mortality among trauma patients. Despite its utility in treating severe ARDS and other pulmonary disease processes, ECMO has not been universally embraced by the trauma community. There are an increasing number of studies that suggest that ECMO is a safe and viable treatment option for trauma patients with ARDS. Based on the results of this survey, ECMO use remains limited by trauma providers that care for patients with refractory hypoxic respiratory failure and ARDS, likely due to a combination of knowledge gaps and lack of access to ECMO.Level of evidenceLevel V.
Soil physical and hydraulic properties under different land uses in the black soil region of Northeast China
Authors: Li Haiqiang , Liao Xiaolin , Zhu Hansong , Wei Xiaorong , Shao Mingan 
Published: August 2019

Black soil is inherently productive and fertile but is subject to soil erosion. Understanding the distribution of soil physical and hydraulic properties of the soil profile under various land uses would help reveal the mechanism behind the degradation of black soil. In this study, we investigated the variation in soil physical and hydraulic properties with land uses and soil depths in the black soil area of Northeast China. Disturbed samples and undisturbed soil cores were collected from 0–100 cm soil depths under agricultural land (AL), forestland (FL), and shrub land (SL). Our results showed that the land use and soil depth significantly affected the soil bulk density (BD), field capacity (FC), capillary moisture capacity (CMC), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and soil water retention curve (θs and α). Small macroaggregates accounted for most of the soil mass and were significantly higher in FL but lower in AL for the 0–50 cm of the soil samples. The FC, CMC, and Ks decreased, but the BD increased with the soil depth across the three land-use types. In addition, the soil in AL had a higher BD but lower CMC and Ks than the soil in FL and SL for most soil depths. These results indicated that land use can influence the variation in soil physical and hydraulic properties within the 0–100 cm soil depth, and agricultural use is a major reason for soil degradation in this black soil region.
High birefringent, low loss and flattened dispersion asymmetric slotted core-based photonic crystal fiber in THz regime
Authors: Monir Md. Khairum , Hasan Mahmudul , Paul Bikash Kumar , Ahmed Kawsar , El-Khozondar Hala J. , Amiri I. S. 
Published: August 2019

This paper proposes a novel model to attain high birefringence and low loss in a slotted core-based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) structure in THz regime. The performance of the proposed PCF has been evaluated by applying finite element method (FEM) with full simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics V-5.1. The proposed model gains good optical properties such as high birefringence of 0.24, low effective material loss (EML) of 0.03 cm[Formula: see text], low confinement loss of 6.5 × 10[Formula: see text] (dB/m), low scattering loss of 2 × 10[Formula: see text] (dB/m) and low bending loss of 7.4 × 10[Formula: see text] (dB/cm). The proposed structure also exhibits the flattened dispersion for wider frequency response. However, the real-life fabrication of the suggested model is highly feasible using the current technology due to the unique shape of circular air holes in the cladding region. The outcomes make the proposed PCF a stronger candidate for polarization-preserving applications such as sensing, communications and filtering operations in THz band.
Effectiveness of Domain-Based Lexicons vis-à-vis General Lexicon for Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Yadav Madan Lal , Roychoudhury Basav 
Published: August 2019

One can either use machine learning techniques or lexicons to undertake sentiment analysis. Machine learning techniques include text classification algorithms like SVM, naive Bayes, decision tree or logistic regression, whereas lexicon-based sentiment analysis uses either general or domain-based lexicons. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of domain lexicons vis-à-vis general lexicon, wherein we have performed aspect-level sentiment analysis on data from three different domains, viz. car, guitar and book. While it is intuitive that domain lexicons will always perform better than general lexicons, the actual performance however may depend on the richness of the concerned domain lexicon as well as the text analysed. We used the general lexicon SentiWordNet and the corresponding domain lexicons in the aforesaid domains to compare their relative performances. The results indicate that domain lexicon used along with general lexicon performs better as compared to general lexicon or domain lexicon, when used alone. They also suggest that the performance of domain lexicons depends on the text content; and also on whether the language involves technical or non-technical words in the concerned domain. This paper makes a case for development of domain lexicons across various domains for improved performance, while gathering that they might not always perform better. It further highlights that the importance of general lexicons cannot be underestimated — the best results for aspect-level sentiment analysis are obtained, as per this paper, when both the domain and general lexicons are used side by side.
The application of forensic geology to investigate the substitution of zinc ingots between China and Brazil
Authors: Salvador Fábio Augusto da Silva , Nogueira e Silva Matheus Pereira , de Oliveira Mascarenhas Ricardo , Rumbelsperger Anelize Manuela Bahniuk 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper presents the investigation of fraud and of the theft of metal acquired by a Brazilian company from a Chinese supplier. Zinc ingots were transported by ship from China to the city of Londrina, in Paraná State, Brazil. However, they were substituted at some point during their journey, and replaced with bags containing fine crushed rock. In this case of a classic ‘substitution’ it was possible to use geological methods to investigate the crushed rock. As such, the mineralogical, petrological and isotope analysis showed the replaced rock did not originate from a Brazilian provenance. Therefore, the substitution possibly occurred before the cargo's arrival in Brazil. An inadequate chain of custody of the cargo, during transportation from Asia to Brazil, including the onward journey from Paranaguá to Londrina, is likely to have provided the opportunity for the material exchange to take place. Collaboration between the Brazilian Federal Police and geological experts based in academia enabled the crime to be investigated and solved.
An Instruction Set Architecture for Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Yunji , Lan Huiying , Du Zidong , Liu Shaoli , Tao Jinhua , Han Dong , Luo Tao , Guo Qi , Li Ling , Xie Yuan , Chen Tianshi 
Published: August 2019

Machine Learning (ML) are a family of models for learning from the data to improve performance on a certain task. ML techniques, especially recent renewed neural networks (deep neural networks), have proven to be efficient for a broad range of applications. ML techniques are conventionally executed on general-purpose processors (such as CPU and GPGPU), which usually are not energy efficient, since they invest excessive hardware resources to flexibly support various workloads. Consequently, application-specific hardware accelerators have been proposed recently to improve energy efficiency. However, such accelerators were designed for a small set of ML techniques sharing similar computational patterns, and they adopt complex and informative instructions (control signals) directly corresponding to high-level functional blocks of an ML technique (such as layers in neural networks) or even an ML as a whole. Although straightforward and easy to implement for a limited set of similar ML techniques, the lack of agility in the instruction set prevents such accelerator designs from supporting a variety of different ML techniques with sufficient flexibility and efficiency.In this article, we first propose a novel domain-specific Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) for NN accelerators, called Cambricon, which is a load-store architecture that integrates scalar, vector, matrix, logical, data transfer, and control instructions, based on a comprehensive analysis of existing NN techniques. We then extend the application scope of Cambricon from NN to ML techniques. We also propose an assembly language, an assembler, and runtime to support programming with Cambricon, especially targeting large-scale ML problems. Our evaluation over a total of 16 representative yet distinct ML techniques have demonstrated that Cambricon exhibits strong descriptive capacity over a broad range of ML techniques and provides higher code density than general-purpose ISAs such as x86, MIPS, and GPGPU. Compared to the latest state-of-the-art NN accelerator design DaDianNao [7] (which can only accommodate three types of NN techniques), our Cambricon-based accelerator prototype implemented in TSMC 65nm technology incurs only negligible latency/power/area overheads, with a versatile coverage of 10 different NN benchmarks and 7 other ML benchmarks. Compared to the recent prevalent ML accelerator PuDianNao, our Cambricon-based accelerator is able to support all the ML techniques as well as the 10 NNs but with only approximate 5.1% performance loss.
Phosphorylation of HSF1 by PIM2 Induces PD-L1 Expression and Promotes Tumor Growth in Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Tingting , Ren Chune , Lu Chao , Qiao Pengyun , Han Xue , Wang Li , Wang Dan , Lv Shijun , Sun Yonghong , Yu Zhenhai 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) is the master regulator of the proteotoxic stress response, which plays a key role in breast cancer tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying regulation of HSF1 protein stability are still unclear. Here, we show that HSF1 protein stability is regulated by PIM2-mediated phosphorylation of HSF1 at Thr120, which disrupts the binding of HSF1 to the E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7. In addition, HSF1 Thr120 phosphorylation promoted proteostasis and carboplatin-induced autophagy. Interestingly, HSF1 Thr120 phosphorylation induced HSF1 binding to the PD-L1 promoter and enhanced PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, HSF1 Thr120 phosphorylation promoted breast cancer tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. PIM2, pThr120-HSF1, and PD-L1 expression positively correlated with each other in breast cancer tissues. Collectively, these findings identify PIM2-mediated HSF1 phosphorylation at Thr120 as an essential mechanism that regulates breast tumor growth and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Significance:
These findings identify heat shock transcription factor 1 as a new substrate for PIM2 kinase and establish its role in breast tumor progression.
The Folate Pathway Inhibitor Pemetrexed Pleiotropically Enhances Effects of Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Schaer David A. , Geeganage Sandaruwan , Amaladas Nelusha , Lu Zhao Hai , Rasmussen Erik R. , Sonyi Andreas , Chin Darin , Capen Andrew , Li Yanxia , Meyer Catalina M. , Jones Bonita D. , Huang Xiaodong , Luo Shuang , Carpenito Carmine , Roth Kenneth D. , Nikolayev Alexander , Tan Bo , Brahmachary Manisha , Chodavarapu Krishna , Dorsey Frank C. , Manro Jason R. , Doman Thompson N. , Donoho Gregory P. , Surguladze David , Hall Gerald E. , Kalos Michael , Novosiadly Ruslan D. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Combination strategies leveraging chemotherapeutic agents and immunotherapy have held the promise as a method to improve benefit for patients with cancer. However, most chemotherapies have detrimental effects on immune homeostasis and differ in their ability to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD). The approval of pemetrexed and carboplatin with anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) for treatment of non–small cell lung cancer represents the first approved chemotherapy and immunotherapy combination. Although the clinical data suggest a positive interaction between pemetrexed-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

Experimental Design:
Mouse tumor models (MC38, Colon26) and high-content biomarker studies (flow cytometry, Quantigene Plex, and nCounter gene expression analysis) were deployed to obtain insights into the mechanistic rationale behind the efficacy observed with pemetrexed/anti-PD-L1 combination. ICD in tumor cell lines was assessed by calreticulin and HMGB-1 immunoassays, and metabolic function of primary T cells was evaluated by Seahorse analysis.

Results:
Pemetrexed treatment alone increased T-cell activation in mouse tumors in vivo, robustly induced ICD in mouse tumor cells and exerted T-cell–intrinsic effects exemplified by augmented mitochondrial function and enhanced T-cell activation in vitro. Increased antitumor efficacy and pronounced inflamed/immune activation were observed when pemetrexed was combined with anti-PD-L1.

Conclusions:
Pemetrexed augments systemic intratumor immune responses through tumor intrinsic mechanisms including immunogenic cell death, T-cell–intrinsic mechanisms enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis leading to increased T-cell infiltration/activation along with modulation of innate immune pathways, which are significantly enhanced in combination with PD-1 pathway blockade.
See related commentary by Buque et al., p. 6890
BET Inhibition as a Rational Therapeutic Strategy for Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer
Authors: Walsh Louise , Haley Kathryn E. , Moran Bruce , Mooney Brian , Tarrant Finbarr , Madden Stephen F. , Di Grande Alessandra , Fan Yue , Das Sudipto , Rueda Oscar M. , Dowling Catríona M. , Varešlija Damir , Chin Suet-Feung , Linn Sabine , Young Leonie S. , Jirström Karin , Crown John P. , Bernards Rene , Caldas Carlos , Gallagher William M. , O'Connor Darran P. , Ní Chonghaile Tríona 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a subtype of breast cancer accounting for 10% of breast tumors. The majority of patients are treated with endocrine therapy; however, endocrine resistance is common in estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer and new therapeutic strategies are needed. Bromodomain and extraterminal inhibitors (BETi) are effective in diverse types of breast cancer but they have not yet been assessed in ILC.

Experimental Design:
We assessed whether targeting the BET proteins with JQ1 could serve as an effective therapeutic strategy in ILC in both 2D and 3D models. We used dynamic BH3 profiling and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify transcriptional reprograming enabling resistance to JQ1-induced apoptosis. As part of the RATHER study, we obtained copy-number alterations and RNA-seq on 61 ILC patient samples.

Results:
Certain ILC cell lines were sensitive to JQ1, while others were intrinsically resistant to JQ1-induced apoptosis. JQ1 treatment led to an enhanced dependence on antiapoptotic proteins and a transcriptional rewiring inducing fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1). This increase in FGFR1 was also evident in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) cell lines. The combination of JQ1 and FGFR1 inhibitors was highly effective at inhibiting growth in both 2D and 3D models of ILC and IDC. Interestingly, we found in the RATHER cohort of 61 ILC patients that 20% had FGFR1 amplification and we showed that high BRD3 mRNA expression was associated with poor survival specifically in ILC.

Conclusions:
We provide evidence that BETi either alone or in combination with FGFR1 inhibitors or BH3 mimetics may be a useful therapeutic strategy for recurrent ILC patients.