bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management von Blutungen unter Aggregationshemmung und Antikoagulation
Authors: Lindhoff-Last E. , Zydek B. 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDurch eine weltweit alternde Bevölkerung nehmen Vorhofflimmern und venöse Thromboembolien und dadurch auch der Einsatz direkter oraler Antikoagulantien (DOAK) deutlich zu. Das Management von Blutungskomplikationen und Notfalloperationen bei dieser Gruppe von Patienten stellt eine Herausforderung im klinischen Alltag dar. Bei Auftreten schwerer Blutungen sollten der Ort der Blutung, der Beginn und Schweregrad sowie die Nierenfunktion und Begleitmedikationen wie Thrombozytenaggregationshemmer oder nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) Berücksichtigung finden. Der Zeitpunkt der letzten Tabletteneinnahme als auch die Restkonzentration des DOAK bei Aufnahme sind ebenfalls relevant. Die Antikoagulation sollte sofort unterbrochen und lokale Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, um die Blutung zu stillen; der anti-koagulierende Effekt sollte sofort aufgehoben werden. Die Gabe von PPSB kann erwogen werden, wenn spezifische Antidots nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Wenn relevante DOAK-Restkonzentrationen vermutet werden und eine Operation nicht aufgeschoben werden kann, dann sollten PPSB und/ oder ein spezifisches Antidot präoperativ appliziert werden. Als spezifisches Antidot für Dabigatran steht Idarucizumab zur Verfügung; während Andexanet Alfa als Antidot gegen Faktor X-Inhibitoren seit Mai diesen Jahres bisher nur in den USA zur Behandlung zugelassen ist.
Radtools: R utilities for convenient extraction of medical image metadata
Authors: Russell Pamela H. , Ghosh Debashis 
Published: January 2019

The radiology community has adopted several widely used standards for medical image files, including the popular DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine) and NIfTI (Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative) standards. These file formats include image intensities as well as potentially extensive metadata. The NIfTI standard specifies a particular set of header fields describing the image and minimal information about the scan. DICOM headers can include any of >4,000 available metadata attributes spanning a variety of topics. NIfTI files contain all slices for an image series, while DICOM files capture single slices and image series are typically organized into a directory. Each DICOM file contains metadata for the image series as well as the individual image slice. The programming environment R is popular for data analysis due to its free and open code, active ecosystem of tools and users, and excellent system of contributed packages. Currently, many published radiological image analyses are performed with proprietary software or custom unpublished scripts. However, R is increasing in popularity in this area due to several packages for processing and analysis of image files. While these R packages handle image import and processing, no existing package makes image metadata conveniently accessible. Extracting image metadata, combining across slices, and converting to useful formats can be prohibitively cumbersome, especially for DICOM files. We present radtools, an R package for convenient extraction of medical image metadata. Radtools provides simple functions to explore and return metadata in familiar R data structures. For convenience, radtools also includes wrappers of existing tools for extraction of pixel data and viewing of image slices. The package is freely available under the MIT license at https://github.com/pamelarussell/radtools and is easily installable from the Comprehensive R Archive Network (https://cran.r-project.org/package=radtools).
АНТИКРИМИНАЛЬНОЕ ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ КАК ФОРМА КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ПО УГОЛОВНЫМ ДЕЛАМ О МОШЕННИЧЕСТВЕ ПРИ ПОЛУЧЕНИИ ВЫПЛАТ
Authors: Garmaev Yury Petrovich , Chumakov Alexey Vadimovich 
Published: January 2019

Изучение следственно-судебной практики по уголовным делам о мошенничестве при получении выплат демонстрирует серьезные трудности и недостатки как расследования, так и предупреждения данных преступлений.Цель работы – предложить меры криминалистической профилактики данной разновидности мошенничества с акцентом на создание антикриминальных просветительских рекомендаций как формы криминалистической профилактики.Методы исследования: формально-логический, метод наблюдения, статистический, метод моделирования, деятельностный и ситуационный подходы.Новизна заключается в том, что впервые продемонстрирован исследовательский процесс разработки просветительской памятки и мобильного приложения, направленных на профилактику этой категории преступлений.Результаты исследования сформулированы в виде выводов об их (памятки и приложении) основном назначении – преодолении типичных заблуждений граждан о непреступности, невыявляемости и ненаказуемости мошенничества при получении выплат.Заключение: аналогичные мобильные приложения и памятки просветительского характера могут разрабатываться и внедряться на основе любых криминалистических методик расследования.
Deep experiential knowledge: reflections from mutual aid groups for evidence-based practice
Authors: Noorani Tehseen , Karlsson Magnus , Borkman Thomasina 
Published: January 2019

Background
This article charts the relationships between the model of evidence-based practice (EBP), healthcare markets where providers are increasingly competing through the adoption of EBP-certified interventions, and the cultivation of experiential knowledge within self-help and mutual aid groups (MAGs). After 35 years of neoliberal reform, service user involvement in research, service provision and evaluation, and patient-centered care has been operationalised in increasingly measurable ways. In seeking to value and incorporate service user experiences, current models of EBP do not unpack the heterogeneity within experiential knowledge.

Aims
This article explores a more meaningful use of experiential knowledge than the cursory and tokenistic treatment it is often given.

Objectives

Propose, illustrate and theorise the concept of ‘deep experiential knowledge’ (DEK)
Identify ways that the acknowledgement of DEK are useful in healthcare policy, governance and the clinical encounter

Methods
Drawing upon case study vignettes, we analyse MAGs as epistemic communities of problem solvers.

Findings
Deep experiential knowledge is a robust and collective form of knowledge, generated over time in the long-term members (‘old-timers’) and collective knowledge of MAGs. Five characteristics of deep experiential knowledge are proposed.

Discussion
By rendering DEK amenable to the logic of EBP, we outline potential benefits of foregrounding DEK in the conduct of healthcare research, policy and governance, and the clinical encounter.

Conclusions
DEK constitutes an authority that distinguishes different degrees of experiential knowledge of healthcare problems. Attending to DEK helps untangle some of the challenges posed by EBP for and to successful service user involvement.
A Randomized Trial of Topical Epinephrine and Rectal Indomethacin for Preventing Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Kamal Ayesha , Akshintala Venkata S. , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Goenka Mahesh K. , Kochhar Rakesh , Lakhtakia Sundeep , Ramchandani Mohan K. , Sinha Saroj , Goud Rajesh , Rai Vijay K. , Tandan Manu , Gupta Rajesh , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Ngamruengphong Saowonee , Kumbhari Vivek , Khashab Mouen A. , Kalloo Anthony N. , Reddy D. Nageshwar , Singh Vikesh K. 
Published: January 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Rectal indomethacin and topical spray of epinephrine have separately shown efficacy in the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) in randomized controlled trials. We hypothesized that the combination of indomethacin and topical spray of epinephrine on the duodenal papillae would further reduce PEP than when indomethacin was used alone.

Methods:
We conducted a comparative effectiveness, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial of rectal indomethacin alone vs a combination of rectal indomethacin and topical spray of epinephrine for the prevention of PEP in high-risk patients. The primary outcome was the incidence of PEP and the secondary outcome was the severity of PEP. A 2-tailed Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the difference in the proportion of patients with PEP in the indomethacin alone vs the combination group.

Results:
A total of 960 patients (mean age 52.33 ± 14.96 years; 551 [57.4%] females) were randomized and 959 completed follow-up. The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. Women <50 years of age (25.4%) and difficult cannulation (84.9%) were the most common PEP risk factors. The incidence of PEP was 6.4% in the indomethacin alone group (n = 482) compared to 6.7% in the combination group (n = 477; P = 0.87). Severe PEP was found in 5 (12%) and 7 (16%) patients in the indomethacin alone and combination groups, respectively (P = 0.88). The overall mortality was 0.6%, which was unrelated to the primary outcome.

Conclusions:
The combination of rectal indomethacin and topical spray of epinephrine does not reduce the incidence of PEP compared to rectal indomethacin alone in high-risk patients; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02116309.
Fracture Risk in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study From 1964 to 2014
Authors: Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Mahl Martin , Sachs Michael C. , Björk Jan , Michaelsson Karl , Ekbom Anders , Askling Johan , Backman Ann-Sofie , Olén Ola 
Published: January 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Most studies on fractures in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are based on patients from tertiary centers or patients followed up before the introduction of immunomodulators or biologics. In addition, the role of corticosteroids in fracture risk has rarely been examined.

METHODS:
We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study of 83,435 patients with incident IBD (ulcerative colitis [UC]: n = 50,162, Crohn's disease [CD]: n = 26,763, and IBD unclassified: 6,510) and 825,817 reference individuals from 1964 to 2014. Using multivariable Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for hip fracture and any fracture and the association with cumulative corticosteroid exposure.

RESULTS:
During 1,225,415 person-years of follow-up in patients with IBD, there were 2,491 first-time hip fractures (203/100,000 person-years) compared with 20,583 hip fractures during 12,405,642 person-years in reference individuals (159/100,000 person-years). This corresponded to an HR of 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36–1.48). The risk for hip fracture was higher in CD compared with UC (P < 0.001). Inflammatory bowel disease was also associated with any fracture (IBD: HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.15–1.20). Hazard ratios for hip fracture had not changed since the introduction of immunomodulators or biologics. Increasing exposure to corticosteroids was associated with hip fracture in both IBD and non-IBD individuals (P < 0.001), but only in elderly (>60 years) patients with IBD. The association between IBD and hip fracture was nonsignificant among individuals without corticosteroids (HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.86–1.44).

CONCLUSIONS:
Inflammatory bowel disease (CD and UC) is associated with an increased risk of hip fracture and any fracture, but not in individuals without a history of corticosteroid treatment. The association between corticosteroids and hip fracture was restricted to elderly patients with IBD.
Design of the Texas Hepatocellular Carcinoma Consortium Cohort Study
Authors: Feng Ziding , Marrero Jorge A. , Khaderi Saira , Singal Amit G. , Kanwal Fasiha , Loo Nicole , Beretta Laura , Ning Jing , El-Serag Hashem B. 
Published: January 2019

OBJECTIVES:
The Texas Hepatocellular Carcinoma Consortium cohort study investigates risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and biomarkers for early HCC detection in patients with liver cirrhosis.

METHODS:
Adult patients with liver cirrhosis are enrolled at 5 clinical centers from 3 cities in Texas, with a target of 5,000 patients. Clinical history, risk factor questionnaires, liver imaging, laboratory data, and blood samples were collected at enrollment and at each 6-month follow-up visit.

RESULTS:
The primary outcome was the development of HCC. Biomarkers were tested in banked blood samples using prospective specimen collection, retrospective blinded evaluation design.

CONCLUSIONS:
We describe study design, eligibility criteria, recruitment, study cores, and sample size and analysis considerations.
Do Minimum Wage Increases Affect SNAP Benefits?
Authors: Snyder Thomas , Rinkevich Senayt , Yuan Weici 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The recession of the late 2000s accompanied a steep increase in the number of people on the U.S. federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). The economy recovered, yet the number of people on SNAP remained relatively high. This study investigates whether increases in minimum wages affected the number of SNAP beneficiaries and the per-capita cost of the program. Economic reasoning suggests a minimum wage increase can decrease poverty through higher wages or increase poverty by enacting a barrier to work. Using a panel data set (1997–2015) at the state level, two-way fixed effects estimates demonstrate a nonlinear relationship between minimum wages and SNAP benefits. At low minimum wages, increases in the minimum wage reduce SNAP enrollment and benefits; however, at high minimum wages, increases in the minimum wage increase SNAP enrollment and benefits. Twenty states have already passed the minimum wage turning point. Further increases can lead to more SNAP participants.
Experimental Evaluation of Wind Turbines Inverters on Generating Harmonic Currents
Authors: Moura Leandro Pains , Reis Alex , Lima Michelly da Silva , De Oliveira José Carlos , Santos Ivan Nunes 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The search for alternative sources of energy, aimed at supplying the energy matrix, has shown a rapid increase in the use of wind energy worldwide. However, the interaction between wind farms and the electrical networks has shown itself to be an area of research interest. Among those phenomena that require evaluations by regulatory agencies, which in general aim at authorizing access to electric networks, emphasis is given to the following performance magnitudes: harmonic distortions, flicker, impacts on steady state voltages, transitory and dynamic performances, etc. The focus is here placed upon studies related to the estimation of individual and total harmonic distortions that are produced on the connection bus, these are frequently performed through use of computational resources. To this end, the studies are conducted on the basis of injecting individual harmonic current components produced by the generating units, which once adequately fixed, interact with the harmonic impedances determined by the composition of the internal network of the windfarm, along with the geometric locations that characterize the harmonic impedances of the connecting network. Therefore, such evaluations are performed based on equivalent Norton harmonics, which require, as a premise, the harmonic currents that are produced and injected. In this context, the present article is centered on specific issues linked to the qualitative and quantitative characterization of these harmonic currents, with emphasis on operational factors that exert influence on its orders and amplitudes. This work is conducted in order to clarify the origin and nature of the generated currents, the factors that influence such magnitudes, and finally, an evaluation of the theme through experimental studies performed for a laboratory installation aimed at emulating a full converter type of wind generator.
Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to a hepatitis C evolution model
Authors: Telksnys Tadas , Navickas Zenonas , Marcinkevicius Romas , Cao Maosen , Ragulskis Minvydas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHomoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to a standard hepatitis C virus (HCV) evolution model described by T. C. Reluga, H. Dahari and A. S. Perelson, (SIAM J. Appl. Math., 69 (2009), pp. 999–1023) are considered in this paper. Inverse balancing and generalized differential techniques enable derivation of necessary and sufficient existence conditions for homoclinic/heteroclinic solutions in the considered system. It is shown that homoclinic/heteroclinic solutions do appear when the considered system describes biologically significant evolution. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the hepatitis C virus evolution model is structurally stable in the topological sense and does maintain homoclinic/heteroclinic solutions as diffusive coupling coefficients tend to zero. Computational experiments are used to illustrate the dynamics of such solutions in the hepatitis C evolution model.
Coupling light and sound: giant nonlinearities from oscillating bubbles and droplets
Authors: Maksymov Ivan S. , Greentree Andrew D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Nonlinear optical processes are vital for fields including telecommunications, signal processing, data storage, spectroscopy, sensing and imaging. As an independent research area, nonlinear optics began with the invention of the laser, because practical sources of intense light needed to generate optical nonlinearities were not previously available. However, the high power requirements of many nonlinear optical systems limit their use, especially in portable or medical applications, and so there is a push to develop new materials and resonant structures capable of producing nonlinear optical phenomena with low-power light emitted by inexpensive and compact sources. Acoustic nonlinearities, especially giant acoustic nonlinear phenomena in gas bubbles and liquid droplets, are much stronger than their optical counterparts. Here, we suggest employing acoustic nonlinearities to generate new optical frequencies, thereby effectively reproducing nonlinear optical processes without the need for laser light. We critically survey the current literature dedicated to the interaction of light with nonlinear acoustic waves and highly nonlinear oscillations of gas bubbles and liquid droplets. We show that the conversion of acoustic nonlinearities into optical signals is possible with low-cost incoherent light sources such as light-emitting diodes, which would usher new classes of low-power photonic devices that are more affordable for remote communities and developing nations, or where there are demanding requirements on size, weight and power.
New polymeric adsorbent materials used for removal of phenolic derivatives from wastewaters
Authors: Davidescu Corneliu-Mircea , Ardelean Radu , Popa Adriana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Phenolic compounds are produced in thermal cracking processes, drugs and herbicides synthesis and other industrial processes. Such compounds exhibit high toxicity for aquatic environment and for aquatic life. So, due to their high toxicity is important to treat waters with phenols content. For the treatment of waste waters containing phenols or phenolic compounds several unconventional methods are applied, such as: inverse osmosis, coagulation, solvent extraction, flotation–coagulation combined processes, adsorption, and anaerobic processes. From all used remediation processes adsorption has a higher applicability degree due to its main advantages: simplicity, ease of use and operation and high efficiency. Through time activated carbon and ashes were used as adsorbent materials for phenols remediation, but such materials present the main disadvantage of low regeneration degree. Thus, it is important to develop and use new adsorbents with higher regeneration degree and longer life time. Polymeric materials have been used for removal of organic compounds and/or metal ions from contaminated water due to their versatility in functionality, morphology and texture properties. Chemical modification of polymeric matrices with pendant functional groups is a valuable method used to improve the surface and interface chemistry of polymeric adsorbents, to achieve better adsorption performance and to design tailor-made adsorbents with respect to specific pollutants. In present study new adsorbent materials were obtained starting from chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers with different degrees of crosslinking (6.7%, 12% and respectively 15% DVB), functionalized by reaction with 3-hydroxibenzaldehyde. The polymeric intermediates were further modified by polymer-analogous reaction with iso-propylamine and diethylphosphite with the aim to improve their adsorptive properties. The obtained polymeric adsorbents were tested for remediation of waters containing phenol (P), 2,3-dimethylphenol (2,3-DMP) and 2,4,6-trimethyl-phenol (2,4,6-TMP). Based on obtained experimental data the adsorption mechanism, process kinetics and thermodynamics were studied.
Identification of Suppressor of Clathrin Deficiency-1 (SCD1) and Its Connection to Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Moorthy Balaji T , Sharma Anupam , Boettner Douglas R , Wilson Thomas E , Lemmon Sandra K 
Published: January 2019

AbstractClathrin is a major coat protein involved in vesicle formation during endocytosis and transport in the endosomal/trans Golgi system. Clathrin is required for normal growth of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and in some genetic backgrounds deletion of the clathrin heavy chain gene (CHC1) is lethal. Our lab defined a locus referred to as “suppressor of clathrin deficiency” (SCD1). In the presence of the scd1-v allele (“v” – viable), yeast cells lacking clathrin heavy chain survive but grow slowly, are morphologically abnormal and have many membrane trafficking defects. In the presence of scd1-i (“i”- inviable), chc1∆ causes lethality. As a strategy to identify SCD1, we used pooled linkage analysis and whole genome sequencing. Here, we report that PAL2 (YHR097C) is the SCD1 locus. pal2∆ is synthetic lethal with chc1∆; whereas a deletion of its paralog, PAL1, is not synthetic lethal with clathrin deficiency. Like Pal1, Pal2 has two NPF motifs that are potential binding sites for EH domain proteins such as the early endocytic factor Ede1, and Pal2 associates with Ede1. Also, GFP-tagged Pal2p localizes to cortical patches containing other immobile phase endocytic coat factors. Overall, our data show that PAL2 is the SCD1 locus and the Pal2 protein has characteristics of an early factor involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
Hubungan antara konsumsi vitamin D dan gangguan depresi pada lanjut usia
Authors: Dwana Laksmita , Abikusno Nugroho 
Published: January 2019

LATAR BELAKANGDepresi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang memerlukan perhatian khusus dikarenakan penyebarannya yang sudah cukup mengglobal dan lansia merupakan penderita utamanya. Gangguan ini dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor seperti riwayat kejiwaan hingga nutrisi. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kesehatan mental berdasarkan kecukupan konsumsi vitamin D. Oleh karenanya, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara konsumsi vitamin D dan gangguan depresi pada lanjut usia.
METODEPenelitian menggunakan studi observasional dengan desain potong lintang di Panti Sosial Tresna Werda Budi Mulia 2. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara terpimpin menggunakan kuesioner yang meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, kuesioner frekuensi makanan, dan skala depresi geriatrik. Analisis data menggunakan program statistik dengan tingkat kemaknaan 0,05.
HASILDari 79 responden, terdapat 82,3% berusia Young-Old, 50,6% dengan jenis kelamin perempuan, 93,7% kurang mengkonsumsi vitamin D, 68,4% mengkonsumsi vitamin D di bawah rata-rata, dan 50,6% mengalami depresi. Rata-rata konsumsi vitamin D adalah 5,05 mcg. Hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, konsumsi vitamin D, dan rata-rata konsumsi vitamin D dengan gangguan depresi memiliki nilai p > 0,05.
KESIMPULANPenelitian ini menujukkan tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara usia, jenis kelamin, konsumsi vitamin D, dan gangguan depresi pada lansia.