bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Observed Electrical Effect on the Raindrop Size Distribution in Tropical Clouds
Authors: Mudiar Dipjyoti , Pawar S. D. , Hazra Anupam , Konwar Mahen , Gopalakrishnan V. , Srivastava M. K. , Goswami B. N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the backdrop of extensive laboratory and theoretical evidence of broadening of the drop size distribution (DSD) of raindrops in the presence of electric field, quantification of the same in observed tropical clouds is lacking. Here this is quantified using the DSD measured by a microrain radar at 2,400‐, 1,200‐, and 600‐m heights from the surface in six strongly electrified and six weakly electrified stratiform rain events together with the DSD of raindrops at the surface measured by a disdrometer for the same cases. The presence/absence of lightning is used to distinguish between strongly and weakly electrified events. The vertical profile of Median Volume Diameter below the melting layer and DSDs at all three heights for strongly electrified events and weakly electrified events are significantly different from each other, consistent with previous laboratory and numerical studies (Rayleigh, 1879; Davis, 1964; Moore et al., 1964, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1964)021<0646:GORAMA>2.0.CO;2). Our results indicate that the electric field and surface charge of raindrops can affect the collision‐coalescence process and breakup characteristics of raindrops. Our study suggests that the parameterization of electrical processes in weather/climate models can possibly improve the simulation of tropical rainfall in numerical models as well as a proper representation of DSD will improve the estimation of tropical rainfall in airborne measurements.
Quasi‐6‐Day Wave Modulation of the Equatorial Electrojet
Authors: Yamazaki Yosuke , Stolle Claudia , Matzka Jürgen , Alken Patrick 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe equatorial electrojet is an enhanced eastward current in the daysideEregion ionosphere flowing along the magnetic equator. The equatorial electrojet is highly variable as it is subject to various forcing mechanisms including atmospheric waves from the lower layers of the atmosphere. There are occasionally times when the intensity of the equatorial electrojet at a fixed longitude shows an oscillatory variation with a period of approximately 6 days. We present case studies of such events based on the equatorial electrojet measurements from the CHAMP and Swarm satellites. The spatial and temporal variability of the equatorial electrojet intensity during these events reveals characteristics of a westward propagating wave with zonal wavenumber 1, consistent with the effect of the quasi‐6‐day planetary wave. Analyses of the geopotential height data from the Aura satellite confirm the presence of the quasi‐6‐day planetary wave in the lower thermosphere during the events. The amplitude of the quasi‐6‐day variation in the equatorial electrojet intensity depends on longitude, but no systematic longitudinal dependence is found for different events. During the event of August 2010, quasi‐6‐day variations are also observed by ground‐based magnetometers and a radar in the Peruvian sector. The effect of the quasi‐6‐day wave accounts for up to ±5.9 m/s in the equatorial vertical plasma velocity at noon, which is much larger than previously predicted by a numerical model. These results suggest that the quasi‐6‐day planetary wave is an important source of short‐term variability in the equatorial ionosphere.
A review of microfluidic approaches for investigating cancer extravasation during metastasis
Authors: Ma Yu-Heng Vivian , Middleton Kevin , You Lidan , Sun Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMetastases, or migration of cancers, are common and severe cancer complications. Although the 5-year survival rates of primary tumors have greatly improved, those of metastasis remain below 30%, highlighting the importance of investigating specific mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for metastasis. Microfluidic devices have emerged as a powerful platform for drug target identification and drug response screening and allow incorporation of complex interactions in the metastatic microenvironment as well as manipulation of individual factors. In this work, we review microfluidic devices that have been developed to study cancer cell migration and extravasation in response to mechanical (section ‘Microfluidic investigation of mechanical factors in cancer cell migration’), biochemical (section ‘Microfluidic investigation of biochemical signals in cancer cell invasion’), and cellular (section ‘Microfluidic metastasis-on-a-chip models for investigation of cancer extravasation’) signals. We highlight the device characteristics, discuss the discoveries enabled by these devices, and offer perspectives on future directions for microfluidic investigations of cancer metastasis, with the ultimate aim of identifying the essential factors for a ‘metastasis-on-a-chip’ platform to pursue more efficacious treatment approaches for cancer metastasis.
The requirements for implementing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and for planning and implementing Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI) in mining areas
Authors: Florkowska Lucyna , Bryt-Nitarska Izabela 
Published: April 2018

The notion of Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI) appears more and more frequently in contemporary regional development strategies. Formulating the main assumptions of ITI is a response to a growing need for a co-ordinated, multi-dimensional regional development suitable for the characteristics of a given area. Activities are mainly aimed at improving people’s quality of life with their significant participation. These activities include implementing the Sustainable development Goals (SDGs).
Territorial investments include, among others, projects in areas where land and building use is governed not only by general regulations (Spatial Planning and Land Development Act) but also by separate legal acts. This issue also concerns areas with active mines and post-mining areas undergoing revitalization. For the areas specified above land development and in particular making building investments is subject to the requirements set forth in the Geological and Mining Law and in the general regulations. In practice this means that factors connected with the present and future mining impacts must be taken into consideration in planning the investment process.
This article discusses the role of proper assessment of local geological conditions as well as the current and future mining situation in the context of proper planning and performance of the Integrated Territorial Investment programme and also in the context of implementing the SDGs. It also describes the technical and legislative factors which need to be taken into consideration in areas where mining is planned or where it took place in the past.
Clinical Pharmacology Considerations for Development of β Lactamase Inhibitor Combination with Antibiotics
Authors: Srinivas Nuggehally 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe shrinking drug pipeline for antibacterial drugs has made it very precious to discover and develop novel drugs in this space. In this context, the recent approvals of β lactamase inhibitors with either cephalosporin or penem as combination drugs are welcome news to the community. There are number of β lactamase inhibitors with suggested partnered drugs that are currently in various stages of drug development. The focus of this manuscript is to provide some perspectives on clinical pharmacology considerations that may aid in the successful development of such combination drugs. In this regard, a broad framework which includes pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and PK/PD guided surrogate strategies are provided to enable an informed dosing decision of the combination agent.
Diagnosis and Staging of Lymphedema
Authors: Goss Jeremy , Greene Arin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLymphedema often is confused with other causes of extremity edema and enlargement. Understanding the risk factors and physical examination signs of lymphedema can enable the health care practitioner to accurately diagnose patients ∼90% of the time. Confirmatory diagnosis of the disease is made using lymphoscintigraphy. It is important to correctly diagnose patients with lymphedema so that they can be managed appropriately.
Nonoperative Treatment of Lymphedema
Authors: Moeller Julie , Cleveland Sarah , Schaverien Mark 
Published: April 2018

AbstractComplex decongestive therapy is the mainstay of lymphedema (LE) therapy. It consists of two phases: an intensive volume reduction phase, principally involving low-stretch bandages and manual lymph drainage (MLD), followed by compression garment use to maintain the reduction achieved. Adjunctive treatments include the use of a sequential gradient pump, LE-specific exercises, skin and nail care, as well as risk-reduction precautions. Herein the techniques are described and the evidence for their effectiveness is reviewed.
Effect of Orbicularis Muscle Resection during Blepharoplasty on the Position of the Eyebrow
Authors: Patrocinio Lucas , Patrocinio Jose , Patrocinio Tomas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDermatochalasis is a skin excess in the upper eyelid which may be associated with either an aesthetic and functional defect, blocking the peripheral vision. Upper blepharoplasty is the gold standard procedure for correction of dermatochalasis and to restore youthful contours to the periorbita. It is one of the most commonly performed procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery; however, there is still a lack of consensus about this procedure. The excess skin is sometimes removed alone or in conjunction with a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle. The rationale for both muscle and skin resection or skin alone preserving the muscle is uncertain. Some authors have studied the aging influence in brow position, and a few studies pointed out the influence of the upper blepharoplasty on brow height. The true effects, regarding the position of the eyebrow, of both techniques, with or without resection of the preseptal orbicularis oculi muscle, are unclear. The authors present a review of the literature to find the rationale for resecting or preserving the orbicularis oculi muscle in upper eyelid blepharoplasty and its relation to eyebrow position.
The Open Browlift
Authors: Connell Bruce , Sundine Michael 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe eyes and periorbital areas are critical components for the harmonious treatment of the aging face. The authors prefer the open browlift for rejuvenation of the forehead area. The open browlift is the most versatile, effective, and long-lasting method for the treatment of the forehead. The analysis of the forehead area, alternative treatments, variations in incisions, and key components of the surgical procedure are to be reviewed.
Epileptic Encephalopathy in Adams–Oliver Syndrome Associated to a New DOCK6 Mutation: A Peculiar Behavioral Phenotype
Authors: Pisciotta Livia , Capra Valeria , Accogli Andrea , Giacomini Thea , Prato Giulia , Tavares Purificação , Pinto-Basto Jorge , Morana Giovanni , Mancardi Maria 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdams–Oliver syndrome (AOS) is characterized by a combination of congenital scalp defects (aplasia cutis congenita) and terminal transverse limb malformations of variable severity. When neurological findings are present, patients are reported as AOS variants. We describe a child with compound heterozygosity of the DOCK6 gene, aplasia cutis, terminal transverse limb defects, cardiovascular impairment, intellectual disability, and brain malformations with intracranial calcifications. He suffers from a severe refractory epileptic encephalopathy characterized by polymorphic seizures with prolonged periods of electroencephalogram (EEG), continuous epileptiform activity related to clinical inactivity, and closure of eyes with an “ON-OFF” behavior.
Spontaneous oscillation and fluid–structure interaction of cilia
Authors: Han Jihun , Peskin Charles S. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Motile cilia are hair-like structures that extend from the surfaces of eukaryotic cells and pump fluid. The motor protein dynein drives the motion of cilia, but it is unclear how the organized beat of a cilium emerges from the combined action of hundreds of dynein molecules. Here, we describe how the molecular architecture of a cilium constrains its possible motion, and we postulate a dynamical law that governs the dynein tensions. Based on this constraint and dynamical law, we construct a model cilium that beats spontaneously. Simulation of multiple copies of this model in fluid reveals that an array of cilia spontaneously breaks synchrony and adopts multiple phases and that such symmetry breaking is helpful in producing net fluid transport.
Aspect controls the survival of ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers
Authors: Buri Pascal , Pellicciotti Francesca 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Glaciers in High Mountain Asia (HMA) are important water sources for millions of people downstream. Ice cliffs on debris-covered glaciers act as hot spots for melt and may explain anomalously high glacier mass losses in HMA, but their temporal evolution remains unknown, hindering sound parameterizations of these features in glacier models. We simulate the evolution of cliff systems with different aspects, show that south-facing ice cliffs disappear within a few weeks in the Northern Hemisphere, and explain the processes driving this. Cliffs that persist melt 10 times faster than the surrounding glacier surfaces. These findings provide a basis for understanding the surface evolution of debris-covered glaciers with implications for their dynamics, mass balance, and hydrology.
Cell-specific discrimination of desmosterol and desmosterol mimetics confers selective regulation of LXR and SREBP in macrophages
Authors: Muse Evan D. , Yu Shan , Edillor Chantle R. , Tao Jenhan , Spann Nathanael J. , Troutman Ty D. , Seidman Jason S. , Henke Adam , Roland Jason T. , Ozeki Katherine A. , Thompson Bonne M. , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Bahadorani John , Tsimikas Sotirios , Grossman Tamar R. , Tremblay Matthew S. , Glass Christopher K. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
The beneficial effects of LXR-pathway activation have long been appreciated, but clinical application of synthetic LXR ligands has been limited by coactivation of SREBP1c and consequent hypertriglyceridemia. Natural LXR ligands such as desmosterol do not promote hypertriglyceridemia because of coordinate down-regulation of the SREBP pathway. Here we demonstrate that synthetic desmosterol mimetics activate LXR in macrophages both in vitro and in vivo while suppressing SREBP target genes. Unexpectedly, desmosterol and synthetic desmosterol mimetics have almost no effect on LXR activity in hepatocytes in comparison with conventional synthetic LXR ligands. These findings reveal cell-specific differences in LXR responses to natural and synthetic ligands in macrophages and liver cells that provide a conceptually new basis for future drug development.
Individually addressable and dynamic DNA gates for multiplexed cell sorting
Authors: Dahotre Shreyas N. , Chang Yun Min , Wieland Andreas , Stammen Samantha R. , Kwong Gabriel A. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Biological specimens, such as whole blood, contain many different types of cells that have important applications for monitoring health, including tracking vaccine efficacy and HIV progression, and for treating complex diseases, like cancer. However, current cell-sorting technologies require expensive and large pieces of equipment and can only isolate a few types of cells at one time. Here, we develop a cell-sorting platform by engineering dynamic DNA devices that can label, sort, and recover different cell populations at high purity en masse. This DNA-based nanotechnology can potentially be expanded to exceed the capacity of current methods for sorting multiple types of cells, improve biomedical diagnostics, and provide new insights into cell biology.
Long-wavelength (reddish) hues induce unusually large gamma oscillations in the primate primary visual cortex
Authors: Shirhatti Vinay , Ray Supratim 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Electrophysiological signals recorded from the brain exhibit prominent gamma oscillations (∼30–80 Hz) under sensory stimulation. These oscillations are modulated by stimulus properties and behavioral state, and implicated to play a role in cognitive functions, such as attention and object-binding. In visual areas, gamma oscillations have mainly been studied using achromatic gratings/gabors. Here we show that color stimuli generate unprecedented levels of gamma oscillations in the local field potentials recorded from primate area V1. The strongest oscillations are induced by long-wavelength (reddish) hues. Importantly, their strength depends on color saturation but not on luminance, and is strongly correlated with the L−M cone contrast produced by stimuli, suggesting that gamma oscillations may represent key components of the processing of visual chromatic information.
Live-cell analysis of endogenous GFP-RPB1 uncovers rapid turnover of initiating and promoter-paused RNA Polymerase II
Authors: Steurer Barbara , Janssens Roel C. , Geverts Bart , Geijer Marit E. , Wienholz Franziska , Theil Arjan F. , Chang Jiang , Dealy Shannon , Pothof Joris , van Cappellen Wiggert A. , Houtsmuller Adriaan B. , Marteijn Jurgen A. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Transcription by RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) is a highly dynamic process that is tightly regulated at each step of the transcription cycle. We generated GFP-RPB1 knockin cells and developed photobleaching of endogenous Pol II combined with computational modeling to study the in vivo dynamics of Pol II in real time. This approach allowed us to dissect promoter-paused Pol II from initiating and elongating Pol II and showed that initiation and promoter proximal pausing are surprisingly dynamic events, due to premature termination of Pol II. Our study provides new insights into Pol II dynamics and suggests that the iterative release and reinitiation of promoter-bound Pol II is an important component of transcriptional regulation.
Translation initiation in bacterial polysomes through ribosome loading on a standby site on a highly translated mRNA
Authors: Andreeva Irena , Belardinelli Riccardo , Rodnina Marina V. 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Polysomes are ensembles of two or more consecutive ribosomes that translate mRNA into proteins. Adjacent ribosomes can affect the frequency with which a new ribosome is loaded into the polysome. Here we show that mRNA with a long 5′UTR can recruit the next ribosome when the genuine start site is still occupied by the leading ribosome. The second ribosome binds to the upstream standby site on the mRNA, helped by the ribosomal proteins S1/S2 of the preceding ribosome. When the translating ribosome has cleared the start codon, the consecutive ribosome can rapidly move to the translation start. Recruitment to the standby site is a mechanism to increase polysome density and to regulate the efficiency of translation in polysomes.
New class of transcription factors controls flagellar assembly by recruiting RNA polymerase II in
Chlamydomonas
Authors: Li Lili , Tian Guangmei , Peng Hai , Meng Dan , Wang Liang , Hu Xiao , Tian Cheng , He Miao , Zhou Junfei , Chen Lihong , Fu Cheng , Zhang Weixiong , Hu Zhangfeng 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Transcriptional regulation of flagellar genes controls an initial step in flagellar assembly. In this study, we show that XAP5, a conserved protein of unknown function, defines a class of transcription factor for transcriptional regulation of genes involved in flagellar assembly. Phosphorylation of X chromosome-associated protein 5 (XAP5) during flagellar regeneration tracks flagellar length. Remarkably, recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) machinery for transcriptional activation depends on the activities of XAP5. Our data demonstrate that XAP5 functions as a transcription factor for transcriptional regulation of flagellar genes through recruitment of RNA Pol II. Our results enhance our understanding of the biochemical function of the XAP5 family and the transcriptional regulation of flagellar assembly.
Human hydroxymethylbilane synthase: Molecular dynamics of the pyrrole chain elongation identifies step-specific residues that cause AIP
Authors: Bung Navneet , Roy Arijit , Chen Brenden , Das Dibyajyoti , Pradhan Meenakshi , Yasuda Makiko , New Maria I. , Desnick Robert J. , Bulusu Gopalakrishnan 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceHuman hydroxymethylbilane synthase (hHMBS) is a monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the stepwise head-to-tail condensation of four porphobilinogen (PBG) molecules to form the linear tetrapyrrole 1-hydroxymethylbilane (HMB). Mutations in thehHMBSgene cause autosomal-dominant acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). Although crystal structures of hHMBS have been reported, the specific active-site residues and the molecular mechanism of the stepwise PBG chain elongation are unknown. Here, by using molecular-dynamics simulations, the mechanisms and active-site residues for the HMB stepwise synthesis and HMB exit were determined. Mutagenesis of key active-site residues and in vitro expression studies identified the molecular basis of mutations causing AIP.
E3 ubiquitin ligase SOR1 regulates ethylene response in rice root by modulating stability of Aux/IAA protein
Authors: Chen Hui , Ma Biao , Zhou Yang , He Si-Jie , Tang San-Yuan , Lu Xiang , Xie Qi , Chen Shou-Yi , Zhang Jin-Song 
Published: April 2018

Significance
Auxin signaling components participate in ethylene-mediated inhibition of root elongation. However, the interplay between TIR1/AFB2-auxin-Aux/indole acetic acid (IAA) signaling and ethylene response remains to be elucidated in detail. In this study, we report an E3 ubiquitin ligase soil-surface rooting 1 (SOR1), which targets a noncanonical Aux/IAA protein OsIAA26 for 26S proteasome-mediated degradation. The E3 ligase activity of SOR1 can be repressed by the canonical Aux/IAA protein OsIAA9, which is the target of OsTIR1/AFB2. Our study identifies a potential regulator that modulates auxin-mediated ethylene response at the auxin signaling level.
Stoichiometry and compositional plasticity of the yeast nuclear pore complex revealed by quantitative fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Rajoo Sasikumar , Vallotton Pascal , Onischenko Evgeny , Weis Karsten 
Published: April 2018

SignificanceThe nuclear pore complex (NPC) is one of the largest protein assemblies in eukaryotes comprising over 500 nucleoporin subunits. The NPC is essential for the transport of biomolecules across the nuclear envelope; however, due to its enormous size, it has been a challenge to characterize its molecular architecture. Herein, we have developed a widely applicable imaging pipeline to determine the absolute nucleoporin abundances in native yeast NPCs. This reveals that the NPC composition dramatically differs between yeast and humans despite overall conservation of individual subunits. We also applied our imaging pipeline to examine yeast mutants revealing remarkable compositional plasticity of NPCs. Our stoichiometry analyses provide an important resource for the generation of high-resolution structure models of the NPC.