bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hodgkin lymphoma: 2018 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Ansell Stephen M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDisease OverviewHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B‐cell lymphoid malignancy affecting 8500 new patients annually and representing approximately 10.2% of all lymphomas in the United States.DiagnosisHL is composed of two distinct disease entities: classical HL and nodular lymphocyte predominant HL. Nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte depletion, and lymphocyte‐rich HL are subgroups of classical HL.Risk StratificationAn accurate assessment of the stage of disease in patients with HL is critical for the selection of the appropriate therapy. Prognostic models that identify patients at low or high risk for recurrence, as well as the response to therapy as determined by positron emission tomography scan, are used to optimize therapy.Risk‐Adapted TherapyInitial therapy for HL patients is based on the histology of the disease, the anatomical stage and the presence of poor prognostic features. Patients with early stage disease are typically treated with combined modality strategies utilizing abbreviated courses of combination chemotherapy followed by involved‐field radiation therapy, while those with advanced stage disease receive a longer course of chemotherapy often without radiation therapy. Newer agents including brentuximab vedotin are now being incorporated into frontline therapy and these new combinations are becoming a standard of care.Management of Relapsed/Refractory DiseaseHigh‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by an autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is the standard of care for most patients who relapse following initial therapy. For patients who fail HDCT with ASCT, brentuximab vedotin, PD‐1 blockade, nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplant or participation in a clinical trial should be considered.
The effect of iron chelation therapy on overall survival in sickle cell disease and β‐thalassemia: A systematic review
Authors: Ballas Samir K. , Zeidan Amer M. , Duong Vu H. , DeVeaux Michelle , Heeney Matthew M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRed blood cell transfusions have become standard of care for the prevention of life‐threatening anemia in patients with β‐thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). However, frequent transfusions can lead to accumulation of iron that can result in liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Iron chelation therapy has been shown to reduce serum ferritin levels and liver iron content, but limitations of trial design have prevented any demonstration of improved survival. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of iron chelation therapy on overall and event‐free survival in patients with β‐thalassemia and SCD. Eighteen articles discussing survival in β‐thalassemia and 3 in SCD were identified. Overall iron chelation therapy resulted in better overall survival, especially if it is instituted early and compliance is maintained. Comparative studies did not show any significant differences between available iron chelation agents, although there is evidence that deferiprone is better tolerated than deferoxamine and that compliance is more readily maintained with the newer oral drugs, deferiprone and deferasirox. Iron chelation therapy, particularly the second‐generation oral agents, appears to be associated with improved overall and event‐free survival in transfusion‐dependent patients with β‐thalassemia and patients with SCD.
Potent anti‐leukemia activities of humanized CD19‐targeted Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cells in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Cao Jiang , Wang Gang , Cheng Hai , Wei Chen , Qi Kunming , Sang Wei , Zhenyu Li , Shi Ming , Li Huizhong , Qiao Jianlin , Pan Bin , Zhao Jing , Wu Qingyun , Zeng Lingyu , Niu Mingshan , Jing Guangjun , Zheng Junnian , Xu Kailin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor T (CAR‐T) cell therapy has shown promising results for relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The immune response induced by murine single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) of the CAR may limit CAR‐T cell persistence and thus increases the risk of leukemia relapse. In this study, we developed a novel humanized scFv from the murine FMC63 antibody. A total of 18 R/R ALL patients with or without prior murine CD19 CAR‐T therapy were treated with humanized CD19‐targeted CAR‐T cells (hCART19s). After lymphodepletion chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and fludarabine, the patients received a single dose (1 × 106/kg) of autologous hCART19s infusion. Among the 14 patients without previous CAR‐T therapy, 13 (92.9%) achieved complete remission (CR) or CR with incomplete count recovery (CRi) on day 30, whereas 1 of the 3 patients who failed a second murine CAR‐T infusion achieved CR after hCART19s infusion. At day 180, the overall and leukemia‐free survival rates were 65.8% and 71.4%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of relapse was 22.6%, and the nonrelapse mortality rate was 7.1%. During treatment, 13 patients developed grade 1‐2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS), 4 patients developed grade 3‐5 CRS, and 1 patient experienced reversible neurotoxicity. These results indicated that hCART19s could induce remission in patients with R/R B‐ALL, especially in patients who received a reinfusion of murine CAR‐T.
A Radical Reaction for the Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Dihydrothiopyrans under Photosensitized Conditions
Authors: Fujiya Akitoshi , Yamaguchi Eiji , Tada Norihiro , Itoh Akichika 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report the synthesis of thiopyran derivatives under photosensitized conditions. This method is of interest for its reaction mechanism and is a novel synthetic route to heterocycles.
Mild manifestation of methanol poisoning half a day after massive ingestion of a fuel alcohol product containing 70% ethanol and 30% methanol: a case report
Authors: Yoshizawa Tomohiro , Kamijo Yoshito , Fujita Yuji , Suzuki Yoshiki , Hanazawa Tomoki , Usui Kiyotaka , Kishino Tohru 
Published: April 2018

CaseIs fomepizole necessary after massive ingestion of a mixture of methanol and ethanol? We report the case of a 37‐year‐old man who was transported to our Poison Center 12 h after ingesting 500 mL of fuel alcohol containing 70% methanol and 30% ethanol in a suicide attempt. On admission, he presented only with somnolence and mild metabolic acidosis. We hypothesized that most of the ethanol had been metabolized.OutcomeAs the estimated serum concentration of methanol was lethal (242.6 mg/dL), fomepizole was given i.v. and hemodialysis was carried out twice, resulting in complete recovery. Later, the serum concentrations of both methanol and ethanol on admission were found to be 224.1 and 0.51 mg/dL, respectively.ConclusionTherapeutic intervention was delayed by half a day after ingestion of a product containing methanol and ethanol in the present case. If the patient had arrived earlier, he may have only been treated with hemodialysis, but not fomepizole.
Crystal Adaptronics: Mechanically Reconfigurable Elastic and Superelastic Molecular Crystals
Authors: Ahmed Ejaz , Karothu Durga Prasad , Naumov Panče 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMechanically reconfigurable molecular crystals—ordered materials that can adapt to variable operating and environmental conditions by deformation, whereby they attain motility or perform work—are quickly shaping a new research direction in materials science, crystal adaptronics. Properties such as elasticity, superelasticity, and ferroelasticity, which are normally related to inorganic materials, and phenomena such as shape‐memory and self‐healing effects, which are well‐established for soft materials, are increasingly being reported for molecular crystals, yet their mechanism, quantification, and relation to the crystal structure of organic crystals are not immediately apparent. This Minireview provides a condensed topical overview of elastic, superelastic, and ferroelastic molecular crystals, new classes of materials that bridge the gap between soft matter and inorganic materials. The occurrence and detection of these unconventional properties, and the underlying structural features of the related molecular materials are discussed and highlighted with selected prominent recent examples.
Fused Isoindigo Ribbons with Absorption Bands Reaching Near‐Infrared
Authors: Jiang Yu , Zheng Xiaohua , Deng Yunfeng , Tian Hongkun , Ding Junqiao , Xie Zhigang , Geng Yanhou , Wang Fosong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThrough fusing isoindigo (IID) units at 6,7;6′,7′‐positions, a series of new near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing and stable ribbon‐like conjugated molecules, namely nIIDs in which n represents the number of IID units, have been synthesized. The optical band gaps of the molecules are lowered from 2.03 eV of 1IID to 1.12 eV of 6IID with the increase of the conjugation length. 3IID, 4IID, and 6IID have strong absorption in the NIR region and exhibit photothermal conversion efficiencies of greater than 50 % under laser irradiation at λ=808 nm.
Fluorine‐Free Synthesis of High‐Purity Ti3C2Tx (T=OH, O) via Alkali Treatment
Authors: Li Tengfei , Yao Lulu , Liu Qinglei , Gu Jiajun , Luo Ruichun , Li Jinghan , Yan Xudong , Wang Weiqiang , Liu Pan , Chen Bin , Zhang Wang , Abbas Waseem , Naz Raheela , Zhang Di 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMXenes, 2D compounds generated from layered bulk materials, have attracted significant attention in energy‐related fields. However, most syntheses involve HF, which is highly corrosive and harmful to lithium‐ion battery and supercapacitor performance. Here an alkali‐assisted hydrothermal method is used to prepare a MXene Ti3C2Tx (T=OH, O). This route is inspired from a Bayer process used in bauxite refining. The process is free of fluorine and yields multilayer Ti3C2Tx with ca. 92 wt % in purity (using 27.5 m NaOH, 270 °C). Without the F terminations, the resulting Ti3C2Tx film electrode (ca. 52 μm in thickness, ca. 1.63 g cm−3 in density) is 314 F g−1 via gravimetric capacitance at 2 mV s−1 in 1 m H2SO4. This surpasses (by ca. 214 %) that of the multilayer Ti3C2Tx prepared via HF treatments. This fluorine‐free method also provides an alkali‐etching strategy for exploring new MXenes for which the interlayer amphoteric/acidic atoms from the pristine MAX phase must be removed.
Selective Conversion of CO2 into Isocyanate by Low‐Coordinate Iron Complexes
Authors: Broere Daniël L. J. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Holland Patrick L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDiscovery of the mechanisms for selective transformations of CO2 into organic compounds is a challenge. Herein, we describe the reaction of low‐coordinate Fe silylamide complexes with CO2 to give trimethylsilyl isocyanate and the corresponding Fe siloxide complex. Kinetic studies show that this is a two‐stage reaction, and the presence of a single equivalent of THF influences the rates of both steps. Isolation of a thermally unstable intermediate provides mechanistic insight that explains both the effect of THF in this reaction, and the way in which the reaction achieves high selectivity for isocyanate formation.
CuI‐functionalized halloysite nanoclay as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for promoting click reactions: Combination of experimental and computational chemistry
Authors: Bahri‐Laleh Naeimeh , Sadjadi Samaheh , Heravi Majid M. , Malmir Masoumeh 
Published: April 2018

Amine‐functionalized halloysite nanotubes (HNTs‐2 N) were prepared and further modified by introduction of salicylaldehyde and formation of imine functionality (HNTs‐2 N‐Sal). The latter was subsequently used for immobilization of CuI and formation of CuI@HNTs‐2 N‐Sal, which could effectively promote click reactions of terminal alkynes, sodium azide and α‐haloketones or alkyl halides in aqueous media and under mild reaction conditions to afford 1,2,3‐triazoles in relatively short reaction times. Notably, the catalyst could be recycled in up to six reaction runs with negligible loss of catalytic activity and CuI leaching. Also, the geometry of CuI adsorption on the modified HNTs surface was explored by molecular simulation with density functional theory. Furthermore, topographic steric maps of possible coordination modes were obtained using the recently released SambVca2 web application tool. Based on obtained results, a catalytic site with superior performance was suggested.
Degradation modeling of 2 fatigue‐crack growth characteristics based on inverse Gaussian processes: A case study
Authors: Rodríguez‐Picón Luis Alberto , Rodríguez‐Picón Anna Patricia , Alvarado‐Iniesta Alejandro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMost modern products that are highly reliable are complex in their inner and outer structures. This situation indicates quality characterization by the interaction of multiple performance characteristics, which motivates the utilization of robust reliability models to obtain robust estimates. It is paramount to obtaining substantial information about a product's life cycle; therefore, when multiple performance characteristics are dependent, it is important to find models that address the joint distribution of performance degradation of such. In this paper, a reliability model for products with 2 fatigue‐crack growth characteristics related to 2 degradation processes is developed. The proposed model considers the dependence among degradation processes by using copula functions considering the marginal degradation processes as inverse Gaussian processes. The statistical inference is performed by using a Bayesian approach to estimate the parameters of the joint bivariate model. A time‐scale transformation is considered to assure monotone paths of the degradation trajectories. The comparison results of the reliability analysis, under both dependent and independent assumptions, are reported with the implementation of the proposed modeling in a case study, which consists of the crack propagation data of 2 terminals of an electronic device.
Identification and characterization of a novel esterase from Thauera sp.
Authors: Yu Niu , Yang Jin‐chang , Yin Guang‐tian , Li Rong‐sheng , Zou Wen‐tao , He Chang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel esterase gene TLip was identified from the strain Thauera sp. and expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli. The TLip protein shared the highest identity (48%) to esterase TesA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa when compared to enzymes with reported properties. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TLip belongs to the GDSL family of bacterial lipolytic enzymes. TLip was an alkaline esterase with a broad optimal temperature range 37–50 °C and an optimal pH of 8.0. Substrate specificity assays showed that TLip preferred medium chain p‐nitrophenyl esters (C6–C12). Besides, the activity of TLip was strongly inhibited by Cu2+ but greatly enhanced by Triton X‐100 and Tween 80. Thermostability assay revealed that TLip was stable without loss of activity at 37 °C and still retained 69% activity at 50 °C after 2 H of incubation. Together, these provided a good candidate for further exploration of TLip as a promising biocatalyst in industry.
Effects of renal impairment on transporter‐mediated renal reabsorption of drugs and renal drug–drug interactions: A simulation‐based study
Authors: Follman Kristin E. , Dave Rutwij A. , Morris Marilyn E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRenal impairment (RI) significantly impacts the clearance of drugs through changes in the glomerular filtration rate, protein binding and alterations in the expression of renal drug transport proteins and hepatic metabolizing enzymes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate quantitatively the effects of renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of drugs undergoing renal transporter‐mediated reabsorption. A previously published semi‐mechanistic kidney model incorporating physiologically relevant fluid reabsorption and transporter‐mediated active renal reabsorption (PMID: 26341876) was utilized in this study. The probe drug/transporter pair utilized was γ‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SCL16A1, MCT1). γ‐Hydroxybutyric acid concentrations in the blood and amount excreted into urine were simulated using ADAPT 5 for the i.v. dose range of 200–1500 mg/kg in rats and the impact of renal impairment on CLR and AUC was evaluated. A 90% decrease in GFR resulted in a > 100‐fold decrease in GHB CLR. When expression of reabsorptive transporters was decreased and fu was increased, CLR approached GFR. The effect of renal impairment on CLR was reduced when the expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) was increased as a result of increased metabolic clearance; the converse held true when the DME expression was decreased. In conclusion, this study quantitatively demonstrated that the effects of renal insufficiency on the clearance of drugs is modulated by transporter expression, contribution of renal clearance to overall clearance, expression of drug metabolizing enzymes, fraction unbound and drug–drug interactions with inhibitors of renal transporters that may be increased in the presence of renal impairment.
Switch rates do not influence weighting of rare events in decisions from experience, but optional stopping does
Authors: Soo Kevin W. , Rottman Benjamin M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe current research investigates how people decide which of two options produces a better reward by repeatedly sampling from the options. In particular, it investigates the roles of two features of search, optional stopping and switch rate, on participants' final judgments of which option is better. First, in two studies, we found evidence for a new optional stopping effect; when participants stopped sampling right after experiencing a rare outcome, they made decisions as if they overweighted the rare outcome. Second, we investigated an effect proposed by Hills and Hertwig (2010) that people who frequently switch between options when sampling are more likely to make decisions consistent with underweighting rare outcomes. We conducted a theoretical analysis examining how switch rate can influence underweighting and how the type of decision problem moderates this effect. Informed by the theoretical analysis, we conducted four studies designed to test this effect with high power. None of the studies produced significant effects of switch rate. Lastly, the studies replicated a prior finding that optional stopping and switch rate are negatively correlated. In sum, this research elaborates a fuller understanding of the relation between search strategies (switch rate and optional stopping) on how people decide which option is better and their tendency to overweight versus underweight rare outcomes.
Gesundheit und Ernährung: Die Macht der Kultur
Authors: Hirschfelder Gunther 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungTrotz intensiver Aufklärung und weit verbreiteten Wissens zum Thema weist die Praxis der Ernährung in Deutschland heute bei vielen Konsumentengruppen in Bezug auf die Gesundheit großes Optimierungspotenzial auf. Das liegt zum einen an einer kognitiven Dissonanz: Dem Wissen um eine gesunde Ernährung steht eine der Gesundheit häufig nicht zuträgliche Praxis entgegen. Die Gründe hierfür sind vielfältig und werden in diesem Artikel zusammengefasst.
Determination of corypalmine in mouse blood by UPLC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wu Haiya , Yan Qizhi , Fan Zhehua , Huang Miaoling , He Jiamin , Ma Jianshe , Wang Xianqin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this work, a selective and sensitive ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for determination of corypalmine in mouse blood after oral or intravenous administration. A UPLC BEH C18 column was used to separate corypalmine and berberrubine (internal standard) at 40°C. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate (containing 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min, and the total run time was 4.0 min. Electrospray ionization in positive ion mode was applied; target fragment ions m/z 342.2 → 178.0 for corypalmine and m/z 322.1 → 307.0 for berberrubine were identified with multiple reaction monitoring mode. The linear range was 1–1000 ng/mL (r > 0.995) and the lower limit of quantification for corypalmine in plasma was 1.0 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were both <14%. The range of accuracy in this method was 97.5–109.0%. Mean recovery was >69.6%, and the matrix effect was 96.8–107.6%. Based on its high sensitivity, specificity and reliability, this method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetic parameters of corypalmine in mouse by oral and intravenous administration, and finally, the bioavailability of corypalmine was identified at 4.6%.
Development and validation of a HPLC‐UV assay for quantification of levetiracetam concentrations in critically ill patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Kalaria Shamir N. , Dahmane Elyes , Armahizer Michael , McCarthy Paul , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLimited clinical data exists on the effects of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on drug pharmacokinetics. A high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection method was developed and validated to determine levetiracetam concentrations in human plasma and CRRT effluent samples. Five hundred microliters of human plasma and 250 μL effluent samples were used to quantify levetiracetam. Plasma samples were purified by protein precipitation, evaporated under nitrogen gas at room temperature and reconstituted in 50 mm potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH of 4.5). Reverse‐phase chromatographic separation was achieved within 20 min using a mobile phase eluting gradient of 50 mm potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile. UV detection was set at 195 nm. The calibration curve was found to be linear over the range of 2–80μg/mL. Inter‐ and intra‐day precisions were < 8% for both plasma and effluent samples. The accuracy was determined to be within −12–10% of nominal concentrations. The method was selective and sensitive with a lower limit of quantification of 2 μg/mL. Overall recovery of levetiracetam from plasma was ~100%. The validated assay was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study to determine potential dose adjustments in patients undergoing CRRT and receiving levetiracetam.
A two‐dimensional, two‐level framework for achieving corporate sustainable development: Assessing the return on sustainability initiatives
Authors: Wu Lin , Subramanian Nachiappan , Gunasekaran Angappa , Abdulrahman Muhammad Dan‐Asabe , Pawar Kulwant Singh , Doran Des 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSustainability studies in operations management have reported the positive effects of lean, green and social management systems on various dimensions of a firm's sustainability performance. However, despite its importance and relevance, the time dimension of sustainability has not been systematically considered. This paper recategorizes the well‐identified sustainability initiatives based on a time dimension and empirically validates the categorization. Structural equation modeling analyses were performed using data collected from 284 Chinese automotive firms. The results suggest that various lean and reactive green practices can be categorized as “short‐term sustainability initiatives” because the effects of implementing these practices can be seen in a short time. Specifically, the benefits of implementing short‐term sustainability initiatives can be further strengthened and reinforced in the long run by implementing corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. In addition, our findings demonstrate that to fully realize the potential associated with CSR practices, firms need to be orientated to the long term and adopt a wait and watch approach.