bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of high antioxidant activity flavonoid monoglucosides from citrus flavanone with immobilised α‐L‐rhamnosidase in one step
Authors: Liu Aolu , Huang Baohua , Lei Lin , Lu Yu‐Jing , Zhou Jin‐Lin , Wong Wing‐Leung 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe rhamnosyl group of naringin dihydrochalcone, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, naringin and hesperidin was selectively removed by enzymatic hydrolysis using an immobilised α‐L‐rhamnosidase. Monoglycosylated products, including trilobatin, hesperetin dihydrochalcone‐7‐O‐glucoside, prunin and hesperetin‐7‐O‐glucoside, were isolated and characterised by 1H and 13C NMR and ESI‐MS. To optimise the enzymatic reaction conditions and its process costs, the hydrolysis of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone to produce trilobatin was selected as a model reaction. Using a ratio of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone: immobilised α‐L‐rhamnosidase equal to 1:0.6, the trilobatin yields was over 98%. The recycle of enzyme was also investigated, obtaining trilobatin with a yields of 80% even when the twentieth reaction cycle was conducted. Moreover, antiradical and antimicrobial activities of the obtained flavonoid monoglucosides were examined by DPPH, FRAP and ORAC methods, and compared with the efficacy of parental flavonoid glycosides and their aglycone. The results highlight that some of the obtained flavonoid monoglucosides show significant improvement in the antioxidant activity.
Anthocyanin profile and antioxidant capacity in coloured barley
Authors: Suriano Serafino , Savino Michele , Codianni Pasquale , Iannucci Anna , Caternolo Giovanni , Russo Mario , Pecchioni Nicola , Troccoli Antonio 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe grain of 17 coloured barley F8 recombinant inbred lines from three backcross programs using three barley parental lines were studied. The main objectives were to characterise the anthocyanin profiles and antioxidant activities of these different lines of coloured barley grain when grown in southern Italy. HPLC and spectrophotometric analyses were performed. The overall profile of anthocyanins across the grain of these genotypes comprised 51.8% malvidin 3‐glucoside, 12.7% delphinidin 3‐glucoside, 5.0% cyanidin, ~2.5% both petunidin and peonidin 3‐glucoside, and ~1.4% both delphinidin 3‐rutinoside anthocyanidin 3‐glucoside, with the remaining 23% as unidentified anthocyanins. Principal component analysis showed that the antioxidant activities of the barley grain were significantly correlated with the levels of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, the grain of some of these coloured barley RILs had the highest radical scavenging activities, which indicated their potential use in preparation of both food and nutraceuticals, for protective effects on human health, and in breeding programs.
Scripture between the Incarnate Christ and the Illuminating Spirit
Authors: Wiarda Timothy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn examination of what Scripture indicates about the revelatory mission of Christ, the nature of apostolic testimony and the way the Spirit's revelatory mission relates to that of the Son sheds important light on the debate about the extent to which the Spirit exercises hermeneutical freedom with respect to the historical sense of the Bible text. The results of such an investigation provide theological grounds for affirming the primacy of original meaning in the church's reading of the New Testament and for questioning reading practices that depart from it.
Mitigating the intrusive effects of smart home assistants by using anthropomorphic design features: A multimethod investigation
Authors: Benlian Alexander , Klumpe Johannes , Hinz Oliver 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWith the growing proliferation of smart home assistants (SHAs), digital services are increasingly pervading people's private households. Through their intrusive features, SHAs threaten to not only increase individual users' strain but also impair social relationships at home. However, while previous research has predominantly focused on technology features' detrimental effects on employee strain at work, there is still a lack of understanding of the adverse effects of digital devices on individuals and their social relations at home. In addition, we know little about how these deleterious effects can be mitigated by using information technology (IT) artefact‐based design features. Drawing on the person‐technology fit model, self‐regulation theory, and the literature on anthropomorphism, we used the synergistic properties of an online experiment (N = 136) and a follow‐up field survey with a representative sample of SHA users (N = 214) to show how and why SHAs' intrusive technology features cause strain and interpersonal conflicts at home. Moreover, we demonstrate how SHAs' anthropomorphic design features can attenuate the harmful effects of intrusive technology features on strain by shaping users' feelings of privacy invasion. More broadly, our study sheds light on the largely underinvestigated psychological and social consequences of the digitization of the individual at home.
A rapid colorimetric sensing unit for histamine content of mackerel using azo reagent
Authors: Lv Riqin , Huang Xingyi , Dai Chunxia , Ye Weitao , Tian Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHistamine is a chemical hazard widely found in fishes of Scombridae family during long time storage or at improper temperature. In this study, a novel colorimetric method is proposed for determination of histamine in fish flesh. Azo reagent was selected as the indicator based on the characteristic spectrometry of chromogenic sensing materials reacted with histamine solution and the theoretical research. The colors of homemade colorimetric sensing units changed slightly from yellow to orange red and pink while the concentration of histamine varied from low to high. The Gray values of units were chosen for statistical and quantitative analysis. The relationship between Gray values and the histamine content were established based on linear regression. The results of the regression showed a high correlation and the calibration correlation coefficient was 0.9926. The results indicated that the homemade sensing unit could be regarded as a feasible way for simple and rapid detection of histamine in aquatic products.Practical applicationsHistamine is a chemical hazard widely found in fish of Scombridae family during long time storage and under improper storage temperature. In this study, a novel colorimetric method is proposed for determination of histamine in fish flesh. This method simplifies the detection procedure of fish histamine and shortens the detection time. The results indicated that the homemade sensing unit provided a feasible way for simple and rapid detection of histamine in aquatic products. This colorimetric sensing unit could be applied to rapidly monitor aquatic products by government testing agencies and food companies.
On Complicated Dynamics in Simple Monetary Models
Authors: HE CHAO , WRIGHT RANDALL 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe provide a complete characterization of stationary and nonstationary deterministic equilibria in search models of liquidity with indivisible assets. Two formulations are considered: the usual one with random search and bargaining; and a less common but arguably better one with directed search and posting. Also, we consider general meeting technologies. This is interesting because some results are easy with the particular technologies in previous studies but not in general. As is known, these models have equilibria where endogenous variables change over time as self‐fulfilling prophecies. More surprisingly, we prove there are no equilibria where they cycle in the long run.
Metacarpal trabecular bone varies with distinct hand‐positions used in hominid locomotion
Authors: Dunmore Christopher J. , Kivell Tracy L. , Bardo Ameline , Skinner Matthew M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTrabecular bone remodels during life in response to loading and thus should, at least in part, reflect potential variation in the magnitude, frequency and direction of joint loading across different hominid species. Here we analyse the trabecular structure across all non‐pollical metacarpal distal heads (Mc2‐5) in extant great apes, expanding on previous volume of interest and whole‐epiphysis analyses that have largely focused on only the first or third metacarpal. Specifically, we employ both a univariate statistical mapping and a multivariate approach to test for both inter‐ray and interspecific differences in relative trabecular bone volume fraction (RBV/TV) and degree of anisotropy (DA) in Mc2‐5 subchondral trabecular bone. Results demonstrate that whereas DA values only separate Pongo from African apes (Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla), RBV/TV distribution varies with the predicted loading of the metacarpophalangeal (McP) joints during locomotor behaviours in each species. Gorilla exhibits a relatively dorsal distribution of RBV/TV consistent with habitual hyper‐extension of the McP joints during knuckle‐walking, whereas Pongo has a palmar distribution consistent with flexed McP joints used to grasp arboreal substrates. Both Pan species possess a disto‐dorsal distribution of RBV/TV, compatible with multiple hand postures associated with a more varied locomotor regime. Further inter‐ray comparisons reveal RBV/TV patterns consistent with varied knuckle‐walking postures in Pan species in contrast to higher RBV/TV values toward the midline of the hand in Mc2 and Mc5 of Gorilla, consistent with habitual palm‐back knuckle‐walking. These patterns of trabecular bone distribution and structure reflect different behavioural signals that could be useful for determining the behaviours of fossil hominins.
Gender‐Equitable Parental Decision Making and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Bangladesh
Authors: Semenza Daniel C. , Roof Katherine A. , James‐Hawkins Laurie , Cheong Yuk Fai , Naved Ruchira T. , Yount Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThis article examines the relationship between the exposure of men as children to gender‐equitable parental decision making and the potential for subsequent later life engagement in intimate partner violence (IPV) in Bangladesh.BackgroundAlthough researchers have recently begun to explore multilevel influences on IPV perpetration, no studies have examined how decision making between parents at home and within the community relates to IPV perpetration in low‐income settings. Drawing on a theoretical framework of gendered social learning, gender‐equitable parental decision making may be an important protective factor against IPV.MethodThis study uses a random probability sample of 1,499 married men in Bangladesh. The main outcome is physical IPV perpetration in adulthood, whereas two exposure variables measure the equity of parental decision making in the man's childhood home and his current community. A series of two‐level negative binomial models, controlling for pertinent individual‐ and community‐level factors, are estimated.ResultsExposure in childhood to more equitable decision making between parents is negatively associated with a man's physical IPV perpetration in adulthood. Gender‐equitable parental decision making within one's current community is not significantly associated with IPV.ConclusionBoys who grow up exposed to more equitable decision making between parents in the home may be less likely to engage in physical IPV perpetration as an adult.
Rno‐miR‐425‐5p targets the DLST and SLC16A1 genes to reduce liver damage caused by excessive energy mobilization under cold stress
Authors: Lang Limin , Xu Bin , Li Shi‐Ze , Guo Wenjin , Yuan Jianbin , Zang Shucheng , Chen Yan , Yang Huan‐Min , Lian Shuai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of single‐stranded non‐coding small RNA molecules, which participate in the regulation of many physiological processes, and play a crucial role in cancer, metabolism and other processes. Rno‐miR‐425‐5p has been shown to play a role in the response to cold stress. To explore the mechanism by which rno‐miR‐425‐5p regulates the response to cold stress, we analysed the candidate target genes of rno‐miR‐425‐5p. After verification in rat hepatocyte BRL cells and in rat liver tissue, we identified several target genes that were altered in expression in response to cold stress. In rat liver tissue, the expression of rno‐miR‐425‐5p was significantly increased and the expression levels of target genes DLST and SLC16A1 were decreased under cold stress. The miRNA and mRNA levels were analysed by quantitative real‐time PCR and the protein levels were detected by Western blot analysis. Combined with the results of bioinformatic analysis, we concluded that rno‐miR‐425‐5p reduced the expression of DLST and SLC16A1, inhibiting energy release from the tricarboxylic acid cycle and preventing the liver from being injured by excessive energy mobilization.
Impact of Rurality on National Trends in Thyroid Cancer Incidence and Long‐Term Survival
Authors: McDow Alexandria D. , Zahnd Whitney E. , Angelos Peter , Mellinger John D. , Ganai Sabha 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeThyroid cancer incidence is rising, possibly secondary to increased imaging and surveillance. Based on rural access to care disparities, we hypothesized that incidence would be greater in urban compared to rural counties with no significant difference in long‐term survival.MethodsAn observational study was performed on thyroid cancer patients using Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results data (2000‐2012). Age‐adjusted incidence rates, incidence rate ratios, and survival rates were calculated across rural‐urban designations.FindingsIncidence rates were 11.2, 9.8, and 10.1 per 100,000 for urban, rural‐adjacent, and rural‐nonadjacent counties, respectively. Statistically significantly lower incidence was noted in rural‐adjacent and rural‐nonadjacent compared to urban areas. Five‐year and 10‐year survival was significantly lower in rural‐nonadjacent counties compared to urban counties.ConclusionsHigher incidence and increased long‐term survival for thyroid cancer were noted in urban areas compared to rural areas. It is uncertain if rural‐urban differences in long‐term survival reflect health care disparities, differences in therapy, or other origins.
Persistence of HBsAg‐specific antibodies and immune memory two to three decades after hepatitis B vaccination in adults
Authors: Van Damme Pierre , Dionne Marc , Leroux‐Roels Geert , Van Der Meeren Olivier , Di Paolo Emmanuel , Salaun Bruno , Surya Kiran Pemmaraju , Folschweiller Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination is not exactly known. This phase IV study evaluated antibody persistence and immune memory 20‐30 years after adult immunization with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HBsAg vaccine, Engerix‐B) in routine clinical practice. Men and women 40‐60 years old, with documented evidence of vaccination with three or four HBsAg vaccine doses 20‐30 years earlier and without subsequent booster, were enrolled and received HBsAg vaccine as challenge dose. HBsAg‐specific antibodies (anti‐HBs) and frequencies of HBsAg‐specific circulating memory B cells and CD4+ T cells expressing combinations of activation markers (CD40L, IL2, IFNγ, TNFα) were measured prechallenge, 7 and 30 days postchallenge. Of 101 participants in the according‐to‐protocol cohort for immunogenicity, 90.1% had anti‐HBs concentrations ≥ 10 mIU/mL prechallenge administration; 84.2% and 100% mounted an anamnestic response 7 and 30 days postchallenge, respectively. HBsAg‐specific memory B and CD4+ T cells expressing at least two activation markers were low prechallenge and increased markedly postchallenge. These results suggest sustained immune memory and long‐term protection 20‐30 years after a complete primary HBsAg vaccination course during adulthood, in line with current recommendations that a booster is not needed in fully vaccinated immunocompetent adults.
Neoclassical growth model with two fixed delays
Authors: Guerrini Luca , Matsumoto Akio , Szidarovszky Ferenc 
Published: May 2019

Abstract“Delay” has been considered as one of destabilizing factors in economic dynamics for a long time. Dynamic macroeconomics is concerned with explaining growth and fluctuations. This paper shows how various dynamics involving cyclic fluctuations can emerge in the standard neoclassical growth model when two distinct delays, a delay in production and a delay in depreciation, are explicitly taken into account. We first confirm that the production delay has a stabilizing effect and the depreciation delay has a destabilizing effect in a one‐delay model. We then determine the stability switching curve analytically in the two delay model. It is shown that cyclic fluctuations emerge via Hopf bifurcation when stability is lost. It is also found that stability loss and gain repeatedly occur. Numerical examples verify the theoretical results when the Cobb‐Douglas production function is adopted.
Slurs and register: A case study in meaning pluralism
Authors: Diaz‐Legaspe Justina , Liu Chang , Stainton Robert J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost theories of slurs fall into two families: Those which understand slurring terms to involve special descriptive/informational content (however conveyed), and those which understand them to encode special emotive/expressive content. Both offer essential insights, but part of what sets slurs apart is use‐theoretic content. Slurring words belong at the intersection of categories in a sociolinguistic register taxonomy, one that usually includes [+slang, +vulgar] and always includes [‐polite, +derogatory]. What distinguishes “Chinese” from “chink,” for example, is neither a peculiar sort of descriptive nor emotional content, but the fact that “chink” is lexically marked as belonging to different registers. Moreover, such facts contribute to slurring being ethically unacceptable.
Staphylococcus aureus modulates the activity of acetyl‐Coenzyme A synthetase (Acs) by sirtuin‐dependent reversible lysine acetylation
Authors: Burckhardt Rachel M. , Buckner Brandi A. , Escalante‐Semerena Jorge C. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryLysine acylation is a posttranslational modification used by cells of all domains of life to modulate cellular processes in response to metabolic stress. The paradigm for the role of lysine acylation in metabolism is the acetyl‐coenzyme A synthetase (Acs) enzyme. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells alike, Acs activity is downregulated by acetylation and reactivated by deacetylation. Proteins belonging to the bacterial GCN5‐related N‐acetyltransferase (bGNAT) superfamily acetylate the epsilon amino group of an active site lysine, inactivating Acs. A deacetylase can remove the acetyl group, thereby restoring activity. Here we show the Acs from Staphylococcus aureus (SaAcs) activates acetate and weakly activates propionate, but does not activate >C3 organic acids or dicarboxylic acids (e.g. butyrate, malonate and succinate). SaAcs activity is regulated by AcuA (SaAcuA); a type‐IV bGNAT. SaAcuA can acetylate or propionylate SaAcs reducing its activity by >90% and 95% respectively. SaAcuA also succinylated SaAcs, with this being the first documented case of a bacterial GNAT capable of succinylation. Inactive SaAcsAc was deacetylated (hence reactivated) by the NAD+‐dependent (class III) sirtuin protein deacetylase (hereafter SaCobB). In vivo and in vitro evidence show that SaAcuA and SaCobB modulate the level of SaAcs activity in S. aureus.
A novel CO2‐responsive systemic signaling pathway controlling plant mycorrhizal symbiosis
Authors: Zhou Yanhong , Ge Shibei , Jin Lijuan , Yao Kaiqian , Wang Yu , Wu Xiaodan , Zhou Jie , Xia Xiaojian , Shi Kai , Foyer Christine H. , Yu Jingquan 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) concentrations promote symbiosis between roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), modifying plant nutrient acquisition and cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphate. However, the biological mechanisms by which plants transmit aerial eCO2 cues to roots, to alter the symbiotic associations remain unknown.

We used a range of interdisciplinary approaches, including gene silencing, grafting, transmission electron microscopy, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), biochemical methodologies and gene transcript analysis to explore the complexities of environmental signal transmission from the point of perception in the leaves at the apex to the roots.

Here we show that eCO2 triggers apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐dependent auxin production in tomato shoots followed by systemic signaling that results in strigolactone biosynthesis in the roots. This redox‐auxin‐strigolactone systemic signaling cascade facilitates eCO2‐induced AMF symbiosis and phosphate utilization.

Our results challenge the current paradigm of eCO2 effects on AMF and provide new insights into potential targets for manipulation of AMF symbiosis for high nutrient utilization under future climate change scenarios.
Gut microbiome and its role in obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Lee Clare J. , Sears Cynthia L. , Maruthur Nisa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObesity is a complex metabolic disease caused, in part, by the interaction between an individual's genetics, metabolism, and environment. Emerging evidence supports the role of gut microbiota in mediating the interaction between the host and environment by extracting energy from food otherwise indigestible by the host and producing metabolites and cytokines that affect host metabolism. Furthermore, gut microbial imbalance or dysbiosis has been shown in metabolic diseases including obesity, and recent studies are beginning to unravel the mechanisms involved. The gut microbiota affects host metabolism and obesity through several pathways involving gut barrier integrity, production of metabolites affecting satiety and insulin resistance, epigenetic factors, and metabolism of bile acids and subsequent changes in metabolic signaling. While the field of gut microbiome and its role in obesity is early in its stage of development, it holds a promising future in providing us with novel therapeutic targets that may restore the gut microbiome to a healthy state and help in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Genetic markers linked to Striga gesnerioides resistance for the improvement of Ghanaian cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars
Authors: Essem Frank , Ohlson Erik W. , Asare Aaron T. , Timko Michael P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe parasitic plant, Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke, is one of the most important constraints of cowpea production and food security in West Africa. Currently, few Striga resistant cowpea varieties have been developed that are well‐adapted to the dry savannah regions of Ghana. While genes conferring resistance to Striga races SG1, SG3 and SG5 have been mapped, the genetic locus of resistance to the race of Striga found in Ghana (SG‐GH) has not been characterized. Here, we report identification of genetic markers linked to SG‐GH resistance and define the relationship of this locus to SG3 resistance in recombinant inbred line populations generated from crosses between Striga resistant IT97K‐499‐35 and the Striga susceptible varieties Apagbaala and SARC‐LO2. The populations were genotyped with five genetic markers associated with SG3 and SG5 Striga resistance genes and a genetic map was developed. Genes conferring resistance to SG‐GH and SG3 mapped 4.2 cM from each other on chromosome Vu11. The identification of genetic markers linked to SG‐GH resistance will facilitate the marker‐assisted development of high‐quality Striga resistant cowpea varieties in Ghana.