bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transtentorial Approach for Parahippocampal Gyrus Arteriovenous Malformation Resection: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Chaddad-Neto Feres , da Costa Marcos Devanir Silva , Caramanti Ricardo Lourenço , Costa Bruno Lourenço , Silveira Conrado Feisthauer , Echeverria Kleber Gonzales , Campos Filho José Maria , Centeno Ricardo Silva 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Medial temporal basal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have complex anatomy. They usually drain to the basal vein of Rosenthal, and arterial feeders can arise from the anterior choroidal artery and its branches, or from the posterior cerebral artery. If the AVM is more posterior in the parahippocampal gyrus, there is a predominance of arterial feeders arising from P2P or P3 segments of the posterior cerebral artery. As posterior AVMs are difficult to reach using anterior approaches, the supracerebellar transtentorial approach provides a direct pathway to the malformation, allowing better visualization and exposure of the vascular anatomy.
In this video, we present a 29-yr-old woman with a left parahippocampal AVM with P2P arterial feeders and Rosenthal basal vein drainage. The patient had three months of moderate headache and two abrupt seizures before admission. Emergency computed tomography showed intraventricular hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral angiography revealed an AVM located in the parahippocampal gyrus, posterior to pulvinar thalamus. The patient underwent microsurgical treatment in semi-sitting position using a supracerebellar and infratentorial approach with transtentorial resection. The AVM was completely removed, and the patient recovered without neurological deficits. The authors present a 3-dimensional video of the microsurgical steps required to perform a transtentorial approach for AVM resection in the parahippocampal gyrus.
The patient signed the Institutional Consent Form, which allows the use of his/her images and videos for any type of medical publications in conferences and/or scientific articles.
Intraoperative Strain Elastosonography in Brain Tumor Surgery
Authors: Prada Francesco , Del Bene Massimiliano , Rampini Angela , Mattei Luca , Casali Cecilia , Vetrano Ignazio Gaspare , Gennari Antonio Giulio , Sdao Silvana , Saini Marco , Sconfienza Luca Maria , DiMeco Francesco 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Sonoelastography is an ultrasound imaging technique able to assess mechanical properties of tissues. Strain elastography (SE) is a qualitative sonoelastographic modality with a wide range of clinical applications, but its use in brain tumor surgery has been so far very limited.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the first large-scale implementation of SE in oncological neurosurgery for lesions discrimination and characterization.

METHODS
We analyzed retrospective data from 64 patients aiming at (i) evaluating the stiffness of the lesion and of the surrounding brain, (ii) assessing the correspondence between B-mode and SE, and (iii) performing subgroup analysis for gliomas characterization

RESULTS
(i) In all cases, we visualized the lesion and the surrounding brain with SE, permitting a qualitative stiffness assessment. (ii) In 90% of cases, lesion representations in B-mode and SE were superimposable with identical morphology and margins. In 64% of cases, lesion margins were sharper in SE than in B-mode. (iii) In 76% of cases, glioma margins were sharper in SE than in B-mode. Lesions morphology/dimensions in SE and in B-mode were superimposable in 89%. Low-grade (LGG) and high-grade (HGG) gliomas were significantly different in terms of stiffness and stiffness contrast between tumors and brain, LGG appearing stiffer while HGG softer than brain (all P < ·001). A threshold of 2.5 SE score had 85.7% sensitivity and 94.7% specificity in differentiating LGG from HGG.

CONCLUSION
SE allows to understand mechanical properties of the brain and lesions in examination and permits a better discrimination between different tissues compared to B-mode. Additionally, SE can differentiate between LGG and HGG.
A Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique in Japanese Real-World Clinical Setting
Authors: Uno Junji , Kameda Katsuharu , Otsuji Ryosuke , Ren Nice , Nagaoka Shintaro , Maeda Kazushi , Ikai Yoshiaki , Gi Hidefuku 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
It is debatable whether mechanical thrombectomy has benefits in a real-world setting outside the more rigid and selective clinical trial environment.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate clinical outcomes, efficacy, and safety of mechanical thrombectomy in single-center retrospective cohort case series.

METHODS
We reviewed prospectively collected data from our large-vessel occlusion stroke database to identify patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy using Penumbra catheters (Penumbra, Almeida, California) as first-line devices. The primary outcomes were the modified Rankin Scale score at 90 d and recanalization rate. The secondary outcomes included the rates of hemorrhagic complications and mortality.

RESULTS
The entire study population included 298 patients. Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Scale ≥2b was achieved in 86.6% of patients. Fifty-five patients (18.5%) were outside the 6 hr time window and 82 patients (27.5%) were over 80-yr old. The posterior circulation thrombectomy rate was 12.4%. At 90 d from onset, 49.3% of patients had favorable outcomes. The parenchymal hemorrhage type 2 (PH2) and subarachnoid hemorrhage rates were 2.3% and 11.7%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, cerebral blood flow/cerebral blood volume mismatch (odds ratio [OR] = 9.418; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.680-27.726; P < .0001), onset to recanalization time (OR = 0.995; 95% CI, 0.991-0.998; P = .0003), and hemorrhagic complications including PH2 and subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR = 0.186; 95% CI, 0.070-0.455; P = .0002) were associated with favorable outcomes.

CONCLUSION
A direct aspiration first pass technique with an adjunctive device demonstrated high recanalization rates in old Japanese patients. Our patient cohort may reflect the application of endovascular techniques in acute ischemic stroke treatment in a real-world setting.
Transradial Approach for Complex Anterior and Posterior Circulation Interventions: Technical Nuances and Feasibility of Using Current Devices
Authors: Snelling Brian M , Sur Samir , Shah Sumedh S , Caplan Justin , Khandelwal Priyank , Yavagal Dileep R , Starke Robert M , Peterson Eric C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDDespite several studies analyzing the safety of transradial access (TRA) for neurointervention compared to transfemoral approach (TFA), neurointerventionalists are apprehensive about implementing TRA. From our positive institutional experience, we now utilize TRA first line for a majority of our cases. Here, we present our single-institution experience.OBJECTIVETo determine safety and feasibility of TRA for neurointervention.METHODSThrough retrospective review of patients receiving TRA for anterior and posterior circulation cerebrovascular interventions at our institution between December 2015 and January 2018, we present our experience regarding this transition, while focusing on technique, complications, feasibility, indications, and limitations.RESULTSOne hundred five procedures were performed on 92 patients (anterior circulation: 77%; posterior circulation: 23%). Radial artery access was achieved in all patients. Twenty-nine cases constituted mechanical thrombectomy, 33 cases represented intracranial aneurysms treatments, and 33 cases included interventions like angioplasty, balloon test occlusion, chemotherapy delivery, and thrombolysis. TRA was used as second-line access to TFA in 5 instances due to aortic arch anomalies and atherosclerotic disease. Minor access-site complications were seen in 2.85% of patients. Ten procedures (9.0%) could not be completed with TRA, with crossover to TFA occurring in 7 cases.CONCLUSIONTRA is safe and feasible for the majority of neurointerventional procedures and provides decreased risk of major access-site complications compared to TFA. Perceived limitations of TRA can likely be eliminated via operator experience and engineering ingenuity; thus, there is a role for TRA for neurointervention, especially in patients with increased risk of access-site complications from TFA.
A protein phosphorylation module patterns theBacillus subtilisspore outer coat
Authors: Freitas Carolina , Plannic Jerneja , Isticato Rachele , Pelosi Assunta , Zilhão Rita , Serrano Mónica , Baccigalupi Loredana , Ricca Ezio , Elsholz Alexander K.W. , Losick Richard , Henriques Adriano O. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAssembly of theBacillus subtilisspore coat involves over 80 protein components, which self-organize into a basal layer, a lamellar inner coat, a striated electrondense outer coat and a more external crust. CotB is an abundant component of the outer coat. Its C-terminal moiety contains a region, termed SKRB, formed by a series of serine-rich repeats, which we show is phosphorylated by the coat-associated Ser/Thr kinase CotH at multiple Ser residues. Another coat protein, CotG, which contains a central repeat region, SKRG, interacts with the C-terminal moiety of CotB and promotes its phosphorylation by CotHin vivoand in a heterologous system. CotG itself is phosphorylated by CotH but phosphorylation is enhanced in the absence of CotB. Spores of acotHD288Astrain, producing an inactive form of the kinase, like those formed by acotGdeletion mutant, lack the characteristic pattern of electrondense outer coat striations, while retaining the crust. Specifically, in the absence of CotG or CotH activity, most of the outer coat proteins are assembled but form a layer of amorphous material that peels-off the spore if crust formation is genetically ablated. In contrast, deletion of the SKRBregion, has no major impact on the structure of the outer coat. Thus, phosphorylation of CotG by CotH is the principal factor establishing the structural pattern of the spore outer coat. The presence of thecotB/cotH/cotGcluster in several species closely related toB. subtilisand ofcotG-like proteins in nearly all spore-formers that also code for a CotH homologue hints at the importance of this protein phosphorylation module in the morphogenesis of the spore outer layers.
A revised biosynthetic pathway for the cofactor F420in bacteria
Authors: Bashiri Ghader , Antoney James , Jirgis Ehab N. M. , Shah Mihir V. , Ney Blair , Copp Janine , Stutely Stephanie M. , Sreebhavan Sreevalsan , Palmer Brian , Middleditch Martin , Tokuriki Nobuhiko , Greening Chris , Baker Edward N. , Scott Colin , Jackson Colin J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCofactor F420plays critical roles in primary and secondary metabolism in a range of bacteria and archaea as a low-potential hydride transfer agent. It mediates a variety of important redox transformations involved in bacterial persistence, antibiotic biosynthesis, pro-drug activation and methanogenesis. However, the biosynthetic pathway for F420has not been fully eluci-dated: neither the enzyme that generates the putative intermediate 2-phospho-L-lactate, nor the function of the FMN-binding C-terminal domain of the γ-glutamyl ligase (FbiB) in bacteria are known. Here we show that the guanylyltransferases FbiD and CofC accept phosphoenolpyruvate, rather than 2-phospho-L-lactate, as their substrate, leading to the formation of the previously uncharacterized intermediate, dehydro-F420-0. The C-terminal domain of FbiB then utilizes FMNH2 to reduce dehydro-F420-0, which produces mature F420species when combined with the γ-glutamyl ligase activity of the N-terminal domain. This new insight has allowed the heterologous expression F420from a recombinant F420biosynthetic pathway inEscherichia coli.
Dissecting the heterogeneous cortical anatomy of autism spectrum disorder using normative models
Authors: Zabihi Mariam , Oldehinkel Marianne , Wolfers Thomas , Frouin Vincent , Goyard David , Loth Eva , Charman Tony , Tillmann Julian , Banaschewski Tobias , Dumas Guillaume , Holt Rosemary , Baron-Cohen Simon , Durston Sarah , Bölte Sven , Murphy Declan , Ecker Christine , Buitelaar Jan K. , Beckmann Christian F. , Marquand Andre F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe neuroanatomical basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has remained elusive, mostly due to high biological and clinical heterogeneity among diagnosed individuals. Despite considerable effort towards understanding ASD using neuroimaging biomarkers, heterogeneity remains a barrier, partly because studies mostly employ case-control approaches, which assume that the clinical group is homogeneous.MethodsHere, we used an innovative normative modelling approach to parse biological heterogeneity in ASD. We aimed to dissect the neuroanatomy of ASD by mapping the deviations from a typical pattern of neuroanatomical development at the level of the individual and to show the necessity to look beyond the case-control paradigm to understand the neurobiology of ASD. We first estimated a vertex-wise normative model of cortical thickness development using Gaussian process regression, then mapped the deviation of each participant from the typical pattern. For this we employed a heterogeneous cross-sectional sample of 206 typically developing (TD) individuals (127 male), and 321 individuals (232 male) with ASD (aged 6-31).ResultsWe found few case-control differences but the ASD cohort showed highly individualized patterns of deviations in cortical thickness that were widespread across the brain. These deviations correlated with severity of repetitive behaviors and social communicative symptoms, although only repetitive behaviors survived corrections for multiple testing.ConclusionsOur results: (i) reinforce the notion that individuals with ASD show distinct, highly individualized trajectories of brain development and (ii) show that by focusing on common effects (i.e. the ‘average ASD participant’), the case-control approach disguises considerable inter-individual variation crucial for precision medicine.
Genomic variation in educational attainment modifies Alzheimer’s disease risk
Authors: Raghavan Neha S. , Vardarajan Badri , Mayeux Richard 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo determine the putative protective relationship of educational attainment on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk using Mendelian randomization, and to test the hypothesis that by using genetic regions surrounding individually associated SNPs as the instrumental variable we can identify genes that contribute to the relationship.MethodsWe performed Mendelian randomization using genome-wide association study summary statistics from studies of educational attainment and AD in two stages. Our instrumental variable comprised of i) 1,271 SNPs significantly associated with educational attainment and ii) individual 2Mb regions surrounding the genome-wide significant SNPs.ResultsA causal inverse relationship between educational attainment and AD was identified by the 1,271 SNPs (odds ratio = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54-0.74; p =4.08×10−8). Analysis of individual loci identified six regions that significantly replicated the causal relationship. Genes within these regions included LRRC2, SSBP2, and NEGR1; the latter a regulator of neuronal growth.ConclusionsEducational attainment is an important protective factor for AD. Genomic regions that significantly paralleled the overall causal relationship contain genes expressed in neurons or involved in the regulation of neuronal development.
Adaptive radiation of barbs of the genusLabeobarbus(Cyprinidae) in the East African river
Authors: Levin B.A. , Casal-López M. , Simonov E. , Dgebuadze Yu.Yu. , Mugue N.S. , Tiunov A.V. , Doadrio I. , Golubtsov A.S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLarge African barbs of the genusLabeobarbusare widely distributed in African freshwaters, and exhibit profound phenotypic plasticity that could be a prerequisite for adaptive radiation. Using morphological, molecular, and stable isotope analyses, we investigated whether an adaptive radiation has occurred in a riverine assemblage of theL. gananensiscomplex. This complex is composed of six phenotypically distinct sympatric forms inhabiting the Genale River (Ethiopian highlands, East Africa). Of the six forms, five were divergent in their mouth morphology, corresponding to ‘generalized’, ‘lipped’, ‘scraping’ (two forms) and ‘large-mouthed’ phenotypes. Stable isotope analysis revealed differences in 15N and 13C among these forms, representing different foraging strategies (omnivorous, scraping and piscivorous). Phylogenetic analysis of two mtDNA markers confirmed the monophyly ofL. gananensis, suggesting an intra-riverine radiation. However, the Genale assemblage appears to have originated through a combination of allopatric and sympatric events. Some of the specialized forms within this drainage originated independently from the local generalized forms in three different river regions within local ‘mini-flocks’ composed of two to three sympatric forms. Our study shows that adaptive radiation in rivers can be enhanced by a combination of sympatric speciation and temporal geographic isolation, leading to local sympatric speciation followed by migration.
Capturing sleep-wake cycles by using day-to-day smartphone touchscreen interactions
Authors: Borger Jay N. , Huber Reto , Ghosh Arko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBody movements drop with sleep and this behavioural signature is widely exploited to infer sleep duration. However, a reduction in body movements may also occur in periods of intense cognitive activity and the ubiquitous use of smartphones may capture these wakeful periods otherwise hidden in the standard measures of sleep. Here we continuously captured the gross body movements using standard wrist-worn accelerometers to quantify sleep (actigraphy) and logged the timing of the day-to-day touchscreen events (‘tappigraphy’). Using these measures, we addressed how the gross body movements overlap with the cognitively engaging digital behaviour (from n = 84 individuals, accumulating 1384 nights). We find that smartphone use was distributed across a broad spectrum of physical activity levels but consistently peaked at rest. We estimated the putative sleep onset and wake-up times from the actigraphy data to find that these times were well correlated to the estimates from tappigraphy (R2= 0.9 for sleep onset and wake-up time). However, actigraphy overestimated sleep as virtually all of the users used their phones during the putative sleep period. Interestingly, the probability of touches remained greater than zero for ~ 2 h after the putative sleep onset and ~ 2 h before the putative wake-up time. Our findings suggest that touchscreen interactions are widely integrated into modern sleeping habits – surrounding both sleep onset and waking-up periods – yielding a new approach to measuring sleep. Smartphone taps can be leveraged to update the behavioural signatures of sleep with these peculiarities of modern digital behaviour.
OPTIMIR, a novel algorithm for integrating available genome-wide genotype data into miRNA sequence alignment analysis
Authors: Thibord Florian , Perret Claire , Roux Maguelonne , Suchon Pierre , Germain Marine , Deleuze Jean-François , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel , Trégouët David-Alexandre ,   on behalf of the GENMED Consortium
Published: November 2018

AbstractNext-generation sequencing is an increasingly popular and efficient approach to characterize the full set of microRNAs (miRNAs) present in human biosamples. MiRNAs’ detection and quantification still remain a challenge as they can undergo different post transcriptional modifications and might harbor genetic variations (polymiRs) that may impact on the alignment step. We present a novel algorithm, OPTIMIR, that incorporates biological knowledge on miRNA editing and genome-wide genotype data available in the processed samples to improve alignment accuracy.OPTIMIR was applied to 391 human plasma samples that had been typed with genome-wide genotyping arrays. OPTIMIR was able to detect genotyping errors, suggested the existence of novel miRNAs and highlighted the allelic imbalance expression of polymiRs in heterozygous carriers.OPTIMIR is written in python, and freely available on the GENMED website (http://www.genmed.fr/index.php/fr/) and on Github (github.com/FlorianThibord/OptimiR).
Decision confidence: EEG correlates of confidence in different phases of a decision task
Authors: Krumpe Tanja , Gerjets Peter , Rosenstiel Wolfgang , Spüler Martin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDecision making is an essential part of daily life, in which balancing reasons and calculating risks to reach a certain confidence are important to make reasonable choices. To investigate the EEG correlates of confidence during decision making a study involving a forced choice recognition memory task was implemented. Subjects were asked to distinguish old from new pictures and rate their decision with either high or low confidence. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis was performed in four different phases covering all stages of decision making, including the information encoding, retrieval, decision formation, and feedback processing during the recognition task. Additionally, a single trial support-vector machine (SVM) classification was performed on the ERPs of each phase to get a measure of differentiability of the two levels of confidence on a single subject level. It could be shown that the level of decision confidence is significantly reflected in all stages of decision making but most prominently during feedback presentation. The main differences between high and low confidence can be found in the ERPs during feedback presentation after a correct answer, whereas almost no differences can be found in ERPs from feedback to wrong answers. In the feedback phase the two levels of confidence can be separated with a classification accuracy of up to 70 % on average over all subjects, therefore showing potential as a control state in a brain-computer Interface (BCI) application.
Swift Large-scale Examination of Directed Genome Editing (SLEDGE Hammer)
Authors: Hammouda Omar T. , Thumberger Thomas , Wittbrodt Joachim 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the era of CRISPR gene editing and genetic screening, there is an increasing demand for quick and reliable nucleic acid extraction pipelines for rapid genotyping of large and diverse sample sets. Despite continuous improvements of current workflows, the handling-time and material costs per sample remain the major limiting factors. Here we present a robust method for low-cost DIY-pipet tips addressing these needs; i.e. using a cellulose filter disc inserted into a regular pipet tip. These filter-in-tips allow for a rapid, stand-alone three-step genotyping workflow by simply binding the DNA contained in the primary lysate to the cellulose filter, washing it in water and eluting it directly into the buffer for the downstream application (e.g. PCR). This drastically cuts down processing time to maximum 30 seconds per sample, with the potential for parallelizing and automation. We show the ease and sensitivity of our procedure by genotyping genetically modified medaka and zebrafish embryos (targeted CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out and knock-in) in a 96-well plate format. The robust isolation and detection of multiple alleles of various abundancies in a mosaic genetic background allows phenotype-genotype correlation already in the injected generation, demonstrating the reliability and sensitivity of the filter-in-tips. Furthermore, our method is applicable across kingdoms with samples ranging from cells to tissues (e.g. plant seedlings, adult flies, mouse cell culture and tissue as well as adult fish fin-clips).