bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of guanylurea, the transformation product of the antidiabetic drug metformin, on the health of brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario)
Authors: Jacob Stefanie , Knoll Sarah , Huhn Carolin , Köhler Heinz-R. , Tisler Selina , Zwiener Christian , Triebskorn Rita 
Published: July 2019

Background
Guanylurea is the main transformation product of the antidiabetic drug metformin, which is one of the most prescribed pharmaceuticals worldwide. Due to the high rate of microbial degradation of metformin in sewage treatment plants, guanylurea occurs in higher concentrations in surface waters than its parent compound and could therefore affect aquatic wildlife. In this context, data for fish are scarce up to now which made us investigate the health of brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) in response to guanylurea.

Methods
In two experiments, eggs plus developing larvae and juvenile brown trout were exposed to three different concentrations of guanylurea (10, 100 and 1,000 µg/L) and, as a negative control, filtered tap water without this compound. Low internal concentrations were determined. The investigated parameters were mortality, length, weight, condition factor, tissue integrity of the liver and kidney, levels of stress proteins and lipid peroxides, as well as behavioural and developmental endpoints. It was found that guanylurea did not significantly change any of these parameters in the tested concentration range.

Results
In conclusion, these results do not give rise to concern that guanylurea could negatively affect the health or the development of brown trout under field conditions. Nevertheless, more studies focusing on further parameters and other species are highly needed for a more profound environmental risk assessment of guanylurea.
Nursing and Midwifery Students’ Communication Skills Training: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alhassan Mustapha 
Published: July 2019

Background: Communication skills are reported to be of high importance for nursing and midwifery practice. Communication skills refers to how actions are used in sending messages. The necessity for nurses and midwives to be good communicators has been demonstrated.
Objective: To investigate the quality of evidence of communication skills training for nursing and midwifery students on patients’ outcome in nursing and midwifery colleges.
Methods: Firstly, a search in the databases of Ovid Medline (1946 - present), Ebscohost and CINAHL (1960 - present) to find relevant studies were conducted. Secondly, there was hand searching of three journals from Africa. Thirdly, the reference lists of studies found were searched for additional studies. Fourthly, there was consultation with professionals around communication skills training and the leadership of Ghana Nurses and Midwives Association.
Results: Quality assessment using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system found that out of the 10 studies that were included, only one was of moderate quality. The other nine studies were of low quality.
Conclusions: The literature on enhancing communication skills training in nursing and midwifery students shows that the quality of evidence is generally low. This study has implications on how communication is handled in nursing schools and demonstrated which communication has high evidence.
Systematic Review Registration: This systematic review was not registered in a registry.
Biallelic CACNA2D2 variants in epileptic encephalopathy and cerebellar atrophy
Authors: Punetha Jaya , Karaca Ender , Gezdirici Alper , Lamont Ryan E. , Pehlivan Davut , Marafi Dana , Appendino Juan P. , Hunter Jill V. , Akdemir Zeynep C. , Fatih Jawid M. , Jhangiani Shalini N. , Gibbs Richard A. , Innes A. Micheil , Posey Jennifer E. , Lupski James R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the molecular and clinical phenotypic basis of developmental and epileptic encephalopathies caused by rare biallelic variants in CACNA2D2.MethodsTwo affected individuals from a family with clinical features of early onset epileptic encephalopathy were recruited for exome sequencing at the Centers for Mendelian Genomics to identify their molecular diagnosis. GeneMatcher facilitated identification of a second family with a shared candidate disease gene identified through clinical gene panel‐based testing.ResultsRare biallelic CACNA2D2 variants have been previously reported in three families with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, and one family with congenital ataxia. We identified three individuals in two unrelated families with novel homozygous rare variants in CACNA2D2 with clinical features of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and cerebellar atrophy. Family 1 includes two affected siblings with a likely damaging homozygous rare missense variant c.1778G>C; p.(Arg593Pro) in CACNA2D2. Family 2 includes a proband with a homozygous rare nonsense variant c.485_486del; p.(Tyr162Ter) in CACNA2D2. We compared clinical and molecular findings from all nine individuals reported to date and note that cerebellar atrophy is shared among all.InterpretationOur study supports the candidacy of CACNA2D2 as a disease gene associated with a phenotypic spectrum of neurological disease that include features of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, ataxia, and cerebellar atrophy. Age at presentation may affect apparent penetrance of neurogenetic trait manifestations and of a particular clinical neurological endophenotype, for example, seizures or ataxia.
Tunable Emission in Heteroepitaxial Ln‐SURMOFs
Authors: Chen Dong‐Hui , Haldar Ritesh , Neumeier Beatrice Lilli , Fu Zhi‐Hua , Feldmann Claus , Wöll Christof , Redel Engelbert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy using a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) approach, lanthanide‐based, monolithic metal–organic framework (MOF) thin films are fabricated for optical applications. In particular, the LbL approach allows manufacturing of heteroepitaxial Tb(III)‐Eu(III)(BTC) coatings with precise thickness control. Adjusting the Tb(III)‐to‐Eu(III) ratio allows tuning of the emission color. The hetero‐multilayer architecture makes it possible to suppress the direct Tb(III)‐to‐Eu(III) energy transfer, an unwanted phenomenon present in the corresponding mixed‐metal bulk MOF structures. The resulting Ln‐MOF thin films, or Ln‐surface‐anchored MOFs (SURMOFs), are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, infra‐red reflection absorption spectroscopy, UV–vis, and photoluminescence measurements. The results demonstrate that the heteroepitaxial SURMOF architectures carry huge potential for fabricating optical coatings for a wide range of applications.
Improved Thermoelectric Performance of Eco‐Friendly β‐FeSi2–SiGe Nanocomposite via Synergistic Hierarchical Structuring, Phase Percolation, and Selective Doping
Authors: Liu Naiming , Rezaei S. Emad , Jensen Wade Aaron , Song Shaowei , Ren Zhifeng , Esfarjani Keivan , Zebarjadi Mona , Floro Jerrold Anthony 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA β‐FeSi2–SiGe nanocomposite is synthesized via a react/transform spark plasma sintering technique, in which eutectoid phase transformation, Ge alloying, selective doping, and sintering are completed in a single process, resulting in a greatly reduced process time and thermal budget. Hierarchical structuring of the SiGe secondary phase to achieve coexistence of a percolated network with isolated nanoscale inclusions effectively decouples the thermal and electrical transport. Combined with selective doping that reduces conduction band offsets, the percolation strategy produces overall electron mobilities 30 times higher than those of similar materials produced using typical powder‐processing routes. As a result, a maximum thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of ≈0.7 at 700 °C is achieved in the β‐FeSi2–SiGe nanocomposite.
A Wearable Sensor Using Structured Silver‐Particle Reinforced PDMS for Radial Arterial Pulse Wave Monitoring
Authors: Fu Yu , Zhao Shuai , Wang Liangqi , Zhu Rong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHuman pulse signals contain important and useful physiological information for the auxiliary diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Here, a wearable pulse sensor based on piezo‐thermic transduction is reported using a structured silver‐particle reinforced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane, for monitoring radial arterial pulse waves. The structured silver‐particle reinforced PDMS membrane is optimally designed to meet the specific requirements on sensitivity, linearity, and effective preload measuring range for pulse detection by adjusting the air gap volume fraction and silver particle volume fraction of the structured material. The sensor is endowed with high sensitivity, good linearity in preload measuring range, allowing to detect the subtle pulse waveforms of subjects at different ages under different contact pressures, such as superficial (Fu), medium (Zhong) and deep (Chen). The developed pulse device provides a promising approach for homecare pulse monitoring.
A flexible air separation process: 2. Optimal operation using economic model predictive control
Authors: Caspari Adrian , Offermanns Christoph , Schäfer Pascal , Mhamdi Adel , Mitsos Alexander 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe penetration of renewable electricity promises an economic advantage for flexible operation of energy‐intense processes. One way to achieve flexible operation is economic model predictive control (eNMPC), where an economic dynamic optimization problem is directly solved at controller level taking into account a process model and operational constraints. We apply eNMPC in silico to an air separation process with an integrated liquefier and liquid‐assist operation. We use a mechanistic dynamic model as both controller model and plant surrogate. We conduct a closed‐loop case study over a time horizon of 2 days with historical electricity prices and input disturbances. We solve the dynamic optimization problems in DyOS. Compared to the optimal steady‐state operation, the eNMPC operating strategy gives a significant improvement of 14%. We further show that the eNMPC enables economic improvements similar to an idealized quasistationary scheduling. While the eNMPC provides control profiles qualitatively similar to those obtained from deterministic global optimization of quasistationary scheduling, the eNMPC satisfies the product purity constraints all the time whereas the quasistationary scheduling sometimes fails to do so. The eNMPC applies local optimization methods and achieves profiles similar to the scheduling solved using deterministic global optimization methods over the complete closed‐loop simulation time horizon.
Epidemiology of achondroplasia: A population‐based study in Europe
Authors: Coi Alessio , Santoro Michele , Garne Ester , Pierini Anna , Addor Marie‐Claude , Alessandri Jean‐Luc , Bergman Jorieke E. H. , Bianchi Fabrizio , Boban Ljubica , Braz Paula , Cavero‐Carbonell Clara , Gatt Miriam , Haeusler Martin , Klungsøyr Kari , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Lanzoni Monica , Lelong Nathalie , Luyt Karen , Mokoroa Olatz , Mullaney Carmel , Nelen Vera , Neville Amanda J. , O'Mahony Mary T. , Perthus Isabelle , Rankin Judith , Rissmann Anke , Rouget Florence , Schaub Bruno , Tucker David , Wellesley Diana , Wisniewska Katarzyna , Zymak‐Zakutnia Nataliia , Barišić Ingeborg 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAchondroplasia is a rare genetic disorder resulting in short‐limb skeletal dysplasia. We present the largest European population‐based epidemiological study to date using data provided by the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) network. All cases of achondroplasia notified to 28 EUROCAT registries (1991–2015) were included in the study. Prevalence, birth outcomes, prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies, and the impact of paternal and maternal age on de novo achondroplasia were presented. The study population consisted of 434 achondroplasia cases with a prevalence of 3.72 per 100,000 births (95%CIs: 3.14–4.39). There were 350 live births, 82 terminations of pregnancy after prenatal diagnosis, and two fetal deaths. The prenatal detection rate was significantly higher in recent years (71% in 2011–2015 vs. 36% in 1991–1995). Major associated congenital anomalies were present in 10% of cases. About 20% of cases were familial. After adjusting for maternal age, fathers >34 years had a significantly higher risk of having infants with de novo achondroplasia than younger fathers. Prevalence was stable over time, but regional differences were observed. All pregnancy outcomes were included in the prevalence estimate with 80.6% being live born. The study confirmed the increased risk for older fathers of having infants with de novo achondroplasia.
Efficient protocols and methods for high‐throughput utilization of the Collaborative Cross mouse model for dissecting the genetic basis of complex traits
Authors: Abu‐Toamih Atamni Hanifa J. , Iraqi Fuad A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse model is a next‐generation mouse genetic reference population (GRP) designated for a high‐resolution quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of complex traits during health and disease. The CC lines were generated from reciprocal crosses of eight divergent mouse founder strains composed of five classical and three wild‐derived strains. Complex traits are defined to be controlled by variations within multiple genes and the gene/environment interactions. In this article, we introduce and present variety of protocols and results of studying the host response to infectious and chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and metabolic diseases, body composition, immune response, colorectal cancer, susceptibility to Aspergillus fumigatus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, sepsis, and mixed infections of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, which were conducted at our laboratory using the CC mouse population. These traits are observed at multiple levels of the body systems, including metabolism, body weight, immune profile, susceptibility or resistance to the development and progress of infectious or chronic diseases. Herein, we present full protocols and step‐by‐step methods, implemented in our laboratory for the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the different CC lines, mapping the gene underlying the host response to these infections and chronic diseases. The CC mouse model is a unique and powerful GRP for dissecting the host genetic architectures underlying complex traits, including chronic and infectious diseases.
Gastric emphysema with portal emphysema due to superior mesenteric artery syndrome developing septic shock: a case report
Authors: Muratsu Arisa , Muroya Takashi , Kishimoto Masanobu , Kuwagata Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSuperior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is often associated with gastric dilatation but, very rarely, it can be associated with gastric emphysema. In addition, there are few reported cases accompanied by septic shock.Case PresentationA 64‐year‐old man was transferred to our hospital with vomiting and abdominal distention. He went into shock and showed impaired consciousness. Blood biochemistry tests showed elevated levels of C‐reactive protein. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a dilated stomach and proximal duodenum, and constriction of the third portion of the duodenum with gastric and portal emphysema. We thus diagnosed him with gastric and portal emphysema associated with SMAS that progressed to septic shock. We treated him conservatively by giving antibiotics and undertaking gastric drainage and feeding by way of the jejunum through a double elementary diet tube.ConclusionThis is the first report to describe a case of SMAS with gastric and portal emphysema that progressed to septic shock.
Nature and Topology of Metal–Oxygen Binding Sites in Zeolite Materials:17O High‐Resolution EPR Spectroscopy of Metal‐Loaded ZSM‐5
Authors: Morra Elena , Signorile Matteo , Salvadori Enrico , Bordiga Silvia , Giamello Elio , Chiesa Mario 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDetermining structural models is pivotal to the rational understanding and development of heterogeneous catalytic systems. A paradigmatic case is represented by open‐shell metals supported on oxides, where the catalytic properties crucially depend on the nature of the metal–oxygen bonds and the extent of charge and spin transfer. Through a combination of selective17O isotopic enrichment and the unique properties of open‐shell s‐state monovalent Group 12 cations, we derive a site‐specific topological description of active sites in an MFI zeolite. We show that just a few selected sites out of all possible are populated and that the relative occupancies depend on the specific properties of the metal, and we provide maps of charge and spin transfer at the metal–oxygen interface. This approach is not restricted to zeotype materials, rather it is applicable to any catalysts supported on oxygen‐containing materials.
Biopharmaceutics classification and intestinal absorption of chikusetsusaponin IVa
Authors: Zhang Wenzhou , Liu Hui , Liu Chongfeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the absorption behavior of chikusetsusaponin IVa (CHS‐IVa) in the rat intestine using single‐pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) and to classify CHS‐IVa into the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). The equilibrium solubility of CHS‐IVa was determined by the shaker method. The absorption mechanism of CHS‐IVa in the intestine was studied by comparing the Peff of different concentrations of CHS‐IVa. The intestinal site dependence of CHS‐IVa absorption was studied by comparing the Peff of the same concentration of CHS‐IVa in different intestinal segments. The relationship between CHS‐IVa and intestinal efflux protein was studied by perfusion with an efflux protein inhibitor. The permeability of CHS‐IVa was investigated by comparing the Peff of CHS‐IVa and the reported value. The solubility of CHS‐IVa over the pH range 1.0–7.5 was 14.4 ± 0.29 to 16.9 ± 0.34 mg/ml. The Peff of CHS‐IVa in the duodenum was 1.76 × 10−3 to 2.00 × 10−3 cm/min. The Peff of CHS‐IVa in the jejunum was 1.26 × 10−3 to 1.39 × 10−3 cm/min. The Peff of CHS‐IVa in the ileum was 1.25 × 10−3 to 1.31 × 10−3 cm/min. The Peff of CHS‐IVa in the colon was 1.02 × 10−3 to 1.08 × 10−3 cm/min. There was no statistical difference of the Peff in the four segments at different CHS‐IVa concentrations. The Peff of CHS‐IVa (0.07, 0.7 and 7.0 mg/ml) were all notably smaller than the reported Peff (3.00 × 10−3 cm/min) in the jejunum. The Peff of CHS‐IVa was not influenced by verapamil (P‐gp inhibitor), indomethacin (MRP inhibitor) and pantoprazole (BCRP inhibitor). CHS‐IVa was classified as high solubility, low permeability and BCS III. The main absorptive tracts were the upper intestinal tracts and the rank order of intestinal permeability was duodenum > jejunum ≈ ileum > colon. The transport mechanism of CHS‐IVa in all intestinal segments might be primarily passive transport. CHS‐IVa was not a substrate of P‐gp, MRP and BCRP.
Metabolites of the Anaerobic Degradation of n‐Hexane by Denitrifying Betaproteobacterium Strain HxN1
Authors: Küppers Julian , Mitschke Nico , Heyen Simone , Rabus Ralf , Wilkes Heinz , Christoffers Jens 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe constitutions of seven metabolites formed during anaerobic degradation of n‐hexane by the denitrifying betaproteobacterium strain HxN1 were elucidated by comparison of their GC and MS data with those of synthetic reference standards. The synthesis of 4‐methyloctanoic acid derivatives was accomplished by the conversion of 2‐methylhexanoyl chloride with Meldrum's acid. The β‐oxoester was reduced with NaBH4, the hydroxy group was eliminated, and the double bond was displaced to yield the methyl esters of 4‐methyl‐3‐oxooctanoate, 3‐hydroxy‐4‐methyloctanoate, (E)‐4‐methyl‐2‐octenoate, and (E)‐ and (Z)‐4‐methyl‐3‐octenoate. The methyl esters of 2‐methyl‐3‐oxohexanoate and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylhexanoate were similarly prepared from butanoyl chloride and Meldrum's acid. However, methyl (E)‐2‐methyl‐2‐hexenoate was prepared by Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction, followed by isomerization to methyl (E)‐2‐methyl‐3‐hexenoate. This investigation, with the exception of 4‐methyl‐3‐oxooctanoate, which was not detectable in the cultures, completes the unambiguous identification of all intermediates of the anaerobic biodegradation of n‐hexane to 2‐methyl‐3‐oxohexanoyl coenzyme A (CoA), which is then thiolytically cleaved to butanoyl‐CoA and propionyl‐CoA; these two metabolites are further transformed according to established pathways.
Trolox‐induced cardiac differentiation is mediated by the inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Choe Mu Seog , Yeo Han Cheol , Bae Chang Min , Han Ho Jae , Baek Kyung Min , Kim Joong Sun , Lim Kyung Seob , Shin In‐Sik , Chang Woochul , Yun Seung Pil , Lee Ho Jin , Lee Min Young 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells may be induced under chemically defined conditions, wherein the regulation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway is often desirable. Here, we examined the effect of trolox, a vitamin E analog, on the cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). 6‐Hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchromane‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox) significantly enhanced cardiac differentiation in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner after the mesodermal differentiation of hESCs. Trolox promoted hESC cardiac differentiation through its inhibitory activity against the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. This study demonstrates an efficient cardiac differentiation method and reveals a novel Wnt/β‐catenin regulator.
A case of gabapentin overdose induced rhabdomyolysis requiring renal replacement therapy
Authors: Qiu Xiaoliang , Tackett Eva , Khitan Zeid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe report a rare case with gabapentin overdose that caused severe rhabdomyolysis and acute tubular necrosis which required renal replacement therapy. A better awareness of its adverse effect and a close follow‐up of laboratory tests are recommended. Prescribers should also be aware of high‐risk population and monitor for signs of abuse.
Successful percutaneous femoral extraction of a detached tricuspid valve‐in‐valve balloon delivery system
Authors: Sidhu Baldeep S. , Gould Justin , Sieniewicz Benjamin , Porter Bradley , Prendergast Bernard , Redwood Simon , Rinaldi Christopher A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe shall discuss a patient who underwent a tricuspid valve‐in‐valve implantation for a failing bioprosthetic valve replacement. The procedure was complicated by detachment of the valve deployment apparatus which was removed in its entirety, using percutaneous extraction techniques. We believe this was the first ever case to report such a complication.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Coated Bimetal Selenides for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Storage through the Self‐Accommodation of Volume Change
Authors: Sun Weiwei , Zhang Yanfeng , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOwing to the problem of volume expansion during cycling, metal selenides with a high capacity and long‐term cyclability are still very exploratory. In this work, we fabricate a Co/Zn‐based multi‐metallic metal organic framework at room temperature, and then select one‐step selenization under an inert atmosphere to obtain the nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated bimetal selenide composites. Originating from the nanoparticles‐assembled porous structure, the in situ formed nitrogen‐doped carbon coating, and the self‐accommodation effect based on two components at stepwise Li reaction potentials, the nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated bimetal selenide (Co/Zn‐Se@NC) anodes deliver improved electrochemical properties. In particular, with the molar ratio (Co/Zn) changing, the Co/Zn‐Se@NC‐1 at Co/Zn=9 : 1 achieves high initial capacities (discharge/charge: 1040/788 mAh g−1) with 836 mAh g−1 retained after 300 cycles. More efforts should be put into the exploration of mixed metal selenides and their composites with self‐accommodation effects for applications in energy storage.