bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Drying of Northeast India in the Last Three Decades: Climate Change or Natural Variability?
Authors: Choudhury B. Abida , Saha Subodh Kumar , Konwar Mahen , Sujith K. , Deshamukhya Atri 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNortheast India (NEI), the wettest place on the Earth, has experienced a rapid decrease in summer monsoon rainfall (about 355 mm) in the last 36 years (1979–2014), which has serious implications on the ecosystem and the livelihood of the people of this region. However, it is not clear whether the observed drying is due to anthropogenic activities or it is linked with the global natural variability. A diagnostic model is employed to estimate the amount of recycled rainfall, which suggests that about 7% of the total rainfall is contributed by the local moisture recycling and decrease in recycled rainfall is about 30–50 mm. Using gridded observed rainfall and sea surface temperature data of the last 114 years (1901–2014), here we show that the recent decreasing trend of NEI summer monsoon rainfall is rather associated with the strong interdecadal variability of the subtropical Pacific Ocean. The strong interdecadal variability over NEI suggests a possibility of skillful decadal prediction of the monsoon rainfall, which may have important implications in terms of long‐term planning and mitigation.
Aerosol Optical Depth and Burden From Large Sea Salt Particles
Authors: Fei Ke‐ce , Wu Lin , Zeng Qing‐cun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSea salt aerosol (SSA) particles are natural aerosols which exert a large impact on various geo‐chemical and geophysical processes and on Earth's climate. Emissions of SSA are mainly influenced by the wind near ocean surface. By so far, most models do not consider SSA with dry radius rd > 10 μm. For example, the cutoff size of coarse SSA's rd in the Community Earth System Model is about 10 μm. However, laboratory experiments have provided the evidence that numerous large droplets are not accounted for in theoretical estimations of sea spray generation, especially in high‐wind conditions, which consequently affect the large SSA emissions. This study assesses the impact of large SSA on aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol burden in the atmosphere by using Community Earth System Model but with a new parameterization of large SSA emissions in high‐wind conditions. Our simulations show that considering the large SSA in the model, the simulated AOD over midlatitude and high‐latitude oceans are more consistent with the observation from both Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Aerosol Robotic Network. And we also found that despite dry deposition, large SSA with rd > 10 μm can contribute more than 15% to the total AOD over midlatitude and high‐latitude oceans, particularly over oceans between 40 and 65°S, and about 28.5% to the total global SSA mass burden.
Characterizing Average Electron Densities in the Martian Dayside Upper Ionosphere
Authors: Němec F. , Morgan D. D. , Kopf A. J. , Gurnett D. A. , Pitoňák D. , Fowler C. M. , Andrews D. J. , Andersson L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe use more than 10 years of the Martian topside ionospheric data measured by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding radar sounder on board the Mars Express spacecraft to derive an empirical model of electron densities from the peak altitude up to 325 km. Altogether, 16,044 electron density profiles obtained at spacecraft altitudes lower than 425 km and at solar zenith angles lower than 80° are included in the analysis. Each of the measured electron density profiles is accurately characterized by the peak electron density, peak altitude, and three additional parameters describing the profile shape above the peak: (i) steepness at high altitudes, (ii) main layer thickness, and (iii) transition altitude. The dependence of these parameters on relevant controlling factors (solar zenith angle, solar irradiance, crustal magnetic field magnitude, and Sun‐Mars distance) is evaluated, allowing for a formulation of a simple empirical model. Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Extreme Ultraviolet monitor data are used to show that the solar ionizing flux can be accurately approximated by the F10.7 index when taking into account the solar rotation. Electron densities predicted by the resulting empirical model are compared with electron densities locally evaluated based on the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding measurements, with the Langmuir Probe and Waves electron density measurements on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft, and with electron densities obtained by radio occultation measurements. Although the electron densities measured by the Langmuir Probe and Waves instrument are systematically somewhat lower than the model electron densities, consistent with former findings, the model performs reasonably well.
Identification of AGN in the XMM-Newton X-ray survey of the SMC
Authors: Maitra Chandreyee , Haberl Frank , Ivanov Valentin D. , Cioni Maria-Rosa L. , van Loon Jacco Th. 
Published: December 2018

Context. Finding active galactic nuclei (AGN) behind the Magellanic Clouds (MCs) is difficult because of the high stellar density in these fields. Although the first AGN behind the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) were reported in the 1980s, it is only recently that the number of AGN known behind the SMC has increased by several orders of magnitude.
Aims. The mid-infrared colour selection technique has proven to be an efficient means of identifying AGN, especially obscured sources. The X-ray regime is complementary in this regard and we use XMM-Newton observations to support the identification of AGN behind the SMC.
Methods. We present a catalogue of AGN behind the SMC by correlating an updated X-ray point-source catalogue from our XMM-Newton survey of the SMC with previously identified AGN from the literature as well as a list of candidates obtained from the ALLWISE mid-infrared colour-selection criterion. We studied the properties of the sample with respect to their redshifts, luminosities, and X-ray spectral characteristics. We also identified the near-infrared counterpart of the sources from the VISTA observations.
Results. The redshift and luminosity distributions of the sample (where known) indicate that we detect sources ranging from nearby Seyfert galaxies to distant and obscured quasars. The X-ray hardness ratios are compatible with those typically expected for AGN, and the VISTA colours and variability are also consistent with AGN. A positive correlation was observed between the integrated X-ray flux (0.2–12 keV) and the ALLWISE and VISTA magnitudes. We further present a sample of new candidate AGN and candidates for obscured AGN. Together these make an interesting subset for further follow-up studies. An initial spectroscopic follow-up of 6 out of the 81 new candidates showed that all six sources are active galaxies, although two have narrow emission lines.
Herzschrittmacher- und ICD-Infektionen
Authors: Nowak Bernd , Weise Felix , Przibille Oliver 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Infektion von Herzschrittmachern und implantierbaren Defibrillatoren stellt ein zunehmendes Problem dar, da immer mehr komplexe Systeme bei multimorbiden Patienten implantiert werden. Wesentlich sind die Kenntnis der Risikofaktoren für eine Aggregatinfektion und die konsequente Prävention, u. a. durch eine perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe. Die Diagnostik kann, gerade bei latenten Infektionen, schwierig sein. Sie umfasst neben Blutkulturen die transthorakale und transösophageale Echokardiografie zur Abklärung von Vegetationen der Elektroden und/oder einer Endokarditis. In aller Regel ist neben einer verlängerten Antibiotikagabe die komplette Systemexplantation erforderlich. Die Indikation zur Reimplantation muss kritisch überprüft werden. Diese erfolgt nach vollständiger Ausheilung sofern möglich kontralateral. Alternativen können eine epikardiale Implantation oder elektrodenlose Systeme sein.
Risikostratifizierung für plötzlichen Herztod nach Myokardinfarkt jenseits der LV-Funktion
Authors: Klemm Peter , Bauer Axel 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDer plötzliche Herztod (PHT) ist die häufigste Einzeltodesursache in der westlichen Welt. Insbesondere Patienten nach Myokardinfarkt und mit Herzinsuffizienz weisen ein erhöhtes Risiko auf. Der Nachweis einer hochgradig eingeschränkten linksventrikulären Funktion gilt als der Goldstandard in der Identifikation von Hochrisikopatienten, allerdings sind Sensitivität und Spezifität dieses Kriteriums unzureichend. So werden mehr als zwei Drittel der Patienten, die in der Folgezeit nach Herzinfarkt versterben, nicht korrekt als Hochrisikopatienten identifiziert. Biosignalbasierte Parameter, welche Störungen des kardialen autonomen Nervensystems quantifizieren, erlauben es möglicherweise, Hochrisikopatienten unabhängig von der Pumpleistung des Herzens zu identifizieren. Diese Marker können mittels mathematischer Methoden aus herkömmlichen Oberflächen-EKGs berechnet werden. SMART-MI ist eine randomisierte Interventionsstudie, die einen neuen Ansatz der personalisierten Postinfarkttherapie bei Patienten mit autonomer Dysfunktion und nur moderat eingeschränkter linksventrikulärer Pumpfunktion untersucht.
Antiarrhythmische Therapie asymptomatischer Herzrhythmusstörungen
Authors: Gonska Bernd-Dieter 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungAsymptomatische Herzryhthmusstörungen bedürfen einer exakten kardiologischen Diagnostik. Diese beinhaltet eine ausführliche Anamnese, Familienanamnese und kardiologische Untersuchungen, die EKG, Belastungs-EKG, Langzeit-EKG, Echokardiografie und im Einzelfall weitere Spezialitäten umfassen. Dabei sind ggfs. Untersuchungen wie Kernspintomografie, Rechts- und Linksherzkatheter, Koronarangiografie und elektrophysiologische Diagnostik sinnvoll. Nur dann ist eine klare Definition des Risikos möglich. Eine primär medikamentöse antiarrhythmische Therapie bei asymptomatischen Patienten ist nicht belegt. Für Spezialfälle mag bei Patienten mit belastungsinduzierbaren supraventrikulären und ventrikulären Extrasystolen ohne Hinweis auf eine kardiale Erkrankung eine Betablockertherapie noch erlaubt sein. Regelmäßige kardiologische Kontrollen sind bei Patienten mit Herzrhythmusstörungen und arrhythmogenen Erkrankungen notwendig.
Japan Wine, its characteristics and research
Authors: Goto-Yamamoto Nami 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTA new rule stipulates that wine made in Japan from grapes harvested in Japan be labeled as “Japan wine”. The main grape varieties for Japan Wine, Koshu for white wine and Muscat Bailey A for red, are unique to Japan. Koshu is native to Japan and its origin, long unknown, has recently been revealed through DNA analysis. Wine made from this variety suffered from a lack of characteristic aroma, but a recent study has demonstrated its potential for producing wine with a citrus scent. Muscat Bailey A was bred in Japan. Its characteristic sweet aroma has been identified as being due to furaneol. Another characteristic of its wine is that it has a low concentration of proanthocyanidins (condensed tannin), and the reason for this was revealed recently. These and other studies have been conducted in wine companies, universities, and research institutes in Japan and support the development of Japan Wine.Abbreviations: SSR: simple sequence repeat; SNP: single nucleotide polymorphism; 3MH: 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol; 4-HDMF: 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone; PCA: principal component analysis
RNA-Seq analysis reveals a negative role of MSMO1 with a synergized NSDHL expression during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1
Authors: Xin Youzhi , Li Chengping , Guo Yan , Xiao Rong , Zhang Haiyan , Zhou Guoli 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
To investigate a comprehensive transcriptome information of adipogenesis, we assessed global changes in the transcriptional events during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis by RNA-Seq. Compared to the preadipocyte stage (day 0), gene expression profiling demonstrated that 2013 genes were up-regulated, and 2430 genes were down-regulated at the differentiated adipocyte stage (day 13). Among these differentially expressed genes, we found the expression of MSMO1 was down-regulated at day 13, but whether it impacts adipogenesis has not been characterized. Thus, we investigated its role in adipogenesis. Results showed that overexpression of MSMO1 inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1, and led to the down-regulated expression of adipogenic marker genes, while knockdown of MSMO1 had totally opposite effects. Furthermore, interaction network model allowed us to validate an unexpected role between MSMO1 and its partner, NSDHL, in regulating adipogenesis, which plays a synergized expression pattern with MSMO1. Our findings indicate that MSMO1 and NSDHL are novel modulators of adipogenesis.
An integrated process for the production of 1,3-propanediol, lactate and 3-hydroxypropionic acid by an engineered Lactobacillus reuteri
Authors: Suppuram Pandiaraj , Ramakrishnan Gopi Gopal , Subramanian Ramalingam 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
The process economy of food grade 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) production by GRAS organisms like Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), is negatively impacted by the low yield and use of expensive feedstocks. In order to improve the process economy, we have developed a multiproduct process involving the production of three commercially important chemicals, namely, 1,3-PD, lactate and 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), by engineered L. reuteri. The maximum 1,3-PD and lactate titer of 41 g/L and 31 g/L, with a volumetric productivity of 1.69 g/L/h and 0.67 g/L/h were achieved, respectively. The maximum 3-HP titer of 5.2 g/L with a volumetric productivity of 1.3 g/L/h, was obtained by biotransformation using cells recovered from the repeated fed-batch process. The volumetric productivity of 1,3-PD obtained in this study is the highest ever reported for this organism. Further cost reduction can be achieved by using waste feedstocks like milk whey, biomass hydrolysate, and crude glycerol.
Replication protein A complex in Thermococcus kodakarensis interacts with DNA polymerases and helps their effective strand synthesis
Authors: Nagata Mariko , Ishino Sonoko , Yamagami Takeshi , Ishino Yoshizumi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Replication protein A (RPA) is an essential component of DNA metabolic processes. RPA binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and interacts with multiple DNA-binding proteins. In this study, we showed that two DNA polymerases, PolB and PolD, from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis interact directly with RPA in vitro. RPA was expected to play a role in resolving the secondary structure, which may stop the DNA synthesis reaction, in the template ssDNA. Our in vitro DNA synthesis assay showed that the pausing was resolved by RPA for both PolB and PolD. These results supported the fact that RPA interacts with DNA polymerases as a member of the replisome and is involved in the normal progression of DNA replication forks.
Nutritional characterization of sake cake (sake-kasu) after heat-drying and freeze-drying
Authors: Izu Hanae , Yamashita Sayo , Arima Hideyuki , Fujii Tsutomu 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Sake cake contains rice-derived components, as well as cell components and metabolites of Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, the effect of food processing on sake cake (sake-kasu) ingredients was investigated. Sake cake, obtained through brewing liquefied rice, was heat-dried (HD) or freeze-dried (FD) and analyzed. There were no differences in the amounts of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamin B6, choline, betaine, nicotinic acid, β-glucan and resistant proteins in HD and FD. There was also no difference in the amount of hydrolyzed amino acids in HD and FD, but many free amino acids were observed in HD. S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) was found to be abundant in FD. Meanwhile, nucleic acid-related components were found to be increased in HD, which seems to be due to the degradation of microbial metabolites. When considering the health benefits of sake cake, it is necessary to pay attention to the effects of processing method.
Abbreviations
CE-TOFMS: capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry
PyLink: a PyMOL plugin to identify links
Authors: Gierut Aleksandra M , Dabrowski-Tumanski Pawel , Niemyska Wanda , Millett Kenneth C , Sulkowska Joanna I 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Summary
Links are generalization of knots, that consist of several components. They appear in proteins, peptides and other biopolymers with disulfide bonds or ions interactions giving rise to the exceptional stability. Moreover because of this stability such biopolymers are the target of commercial and medical use (including anti-bacterial and insecticidal activity). Therefore, topological characterization of such biopolymers, not only provides explanation of their thermodynamical or mechanical properties, but paves the way to design templates in pharmaceutical applications. However, distinction between links and trivial topology is not an easy task. Here, we present PyLink—a PyMOL plugin suited to identify three types of links and perform comprehensive topological analysis of proteins rich in disulfide or ion bonds. PyLink can scan for the links automatically, or the user may specify their own components, including closed loops with several bridges and ion interactions. This creates the possibility of designing new biopolymers with desired properties.

Availability and implementation
The PyLink plugin, manual and tutorial videos are available at http://pylink.cent.uw.edu.pl.
Systematic analyses of regulatory variants in DNase I hypersensitive sites identified two novel lung cancer susceptibility loci
Authors: Dai Juncheng , Li Zhihua , Amos Christopher I , Hung Rayjean J , Tardon Adonina , Andrew Angeline S , Chen Chu , Christiani David C , Albanes Demetrios , van der Heijden Erik H F M , Duell Eric J , Rennert Gad , Mckay James D , Yuan Jian-Min , Field John K , Manjer Jonas , Grankvist Kjell , Le Marchand Loic , Teare M Dawn , Schabath Matthew B , Aldrich Melinda C , Tsao Ming-Sound , Lazarus Philip , Lam Stephen , Bojesen Stig E , Arnold Susanne , Wu Xifeng , Haugen Aage , Janout Vladimir , Johansson Mikael , Brhane Yonathan , Fernandez-Somoano Ana , Kiemeney Lambertus A , Davies Michael P A , Zienolddiny Shanbeh , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDNase I hypersensitive sites (DHS) are abundant in regulatory elements, such as promoter, enhancer and transcription factor binding sites. Many studies have revealed that disease-associated variants were concentrated in DHS-related regions. However, limited studies are available on the roles of DHS-related variants in lung cancer. In this study, we performed a large-scale case–control study with 20 871 lung cancer cases and 15 971 controls to evaluate the associations between regulatory genetic variants in DHS and lung cancer susceptibility. The expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and pathway-enrichment analysis were performed to identify the possible target genes and pathways. In addition, we performed motif-based analysis to explore the lung-cancer-related motifs using sequence kernel association test. Two novel variants, rs186332 in 20q13.3 (C>T, odds ratio [OR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.10–1.24, P = 8.45 × 10−7) and rs4839323 in 1p13.2 (T>C, OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.89–0.95, P = 1.02 × 10−6) showed significant association with lung cancer risk. The eQTL analysis suggested that these two SNPs might regulate the expression of MRGBP and SLC16A1, respectively. What’s more, the expression of both MRGBP and SLC16A1 was aberrantly elevated in lung tumor tissues. The motif-based analysis identified 10 motifs related to the risk of lung cancer (P < 1.71 × 10−4). Our findings suggested that variants in DHS might modify lung cancer susceptibility through regulating the expression of surrounding genes. This study provided us a deeper insight into the roles of DHS-related genetic variants for lung cancer.
Selective Modulation of Early Visual Cortical Activity by Movement Intention
Authors: Gallivan Jason P , Chapman Craig S , Gale Daniel J , Flanagan J Randall , Culham Jody C 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The primate visual system contains myriad feedback projections from higher- to lower-order cortical areas, an architecture that has been implicated in the top-down modulation of early visual areas during working memory and attention. Here we tested the hypothesis that these feedback projections also modulate early visual cortical activity during the planning of visually guided actions. We show, across three separate human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies involving object-directed movements, that information related to the motor effector to be used (i.e., limb, eye) and action goal to be performed (i.e., grasp, reach) can be selectively decoded—prior to movement—from the retinotopic representation of the target object(s) in early visual cortex. We also find that during the planning of sequential actions involving objects in two different spatial locations, that motor-related information can be decoded from both locations in retinotopic cortex. Together, these findings indicate that movement planning selectively modulates early visual cortical activity patterns in an effector-specific, target-centric, and task-dependent manner. These findings offer a neural account of how motor-relevant target features are enhanced during action planning and suggest a possible role for early visual cortex in instituting a sensorimotor estimate of the visual consequences of movement.
Discovery of Half-life of Circulating Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Using Heavy Water Labeling
Authors: Loomba Rohit , Decaris Martin , Li Kelvin W , Shankaran Mahalakshmi , Mohammed Hussein , Matthews Marcy , Richards Lisa M , Nguyen Phirum , Rizo Emily , Andrews Barbara , Soto Robin , Angel Thomas , Suri Vithika , Kitrinos Kathryn M , Barnes Dwight , Czerwieniec Gregg , Brendza Kathy , Subramanian G Mani , Gaggar Anuj , Hellerstein Marc K 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In a pilot study, heavy water labeling was used to determine hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) turnover rates in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The mean (standard deviation) half-life of HBsAg in blood was 6.7 (5.5) days, which reflects recent production in the liver and supports strategies aimed at reducing HBsAg production in CHB patients.