bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creation of a Virtual Nutrition Support Team to Improve Quality of Care for Patients Receiving Parenteral Nutrition in a Multisite Healthcare System
Authors: Meyer Michelle , Hartwell Jennifer , Beatty Amy , Cattell Theresa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) is a complicated therapy in which having specially trained clinicians can provide benefit, but it can be difficult to provide this level of expertise to all patients requiring PN. Creation of a virtual nutrition support team (NST) model allows patients across multiple hospitals to receive care from NST clinicians using remote conferencing technology on a daily basis. This study reviewed retrospective data from before and after implementation of the virtual model to assess quality indicators.MethodsThe NST was developed including a team of dietitians and pharmacists with a physician medical director. Practice guidelines were developed to provide consistent methods for ordering and monitoring patients receiving PN. Patient charts in both the preintervention and postintervention groups were reviewed for indication for PN, duration of therapy, blood glucose levels, and demographic data.ResultsA greater proportion of patients in the postintervention period had appropriate orders (97.2%) compared with patients in the preintervention period (58.9%) (P < 0.001). A greater proportion of patients in the postintervention period had blood glucose levels within the range 65–180 mg/dL (83.5%) compared with patients in the preintervention period (62.2%) (P < 0.001).ConclusionA virtual team model was applied to remotely manage patients receiving PN in a large healthcare system. This resulted in optimized care of patients by reducing inappropriately prescribed therapy and improving blood glucose control.
Calculating the minimal/maximal eigenvalue of symmetric parameterized matrices using projection
Authors: Ruymbeek Koen , Meerbergen Karl , Michiels Wim 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn applications of linear algebra including nuclear physics and structural dynamics, there is a need to deal with uncertainty in the matrices. We focus on matrices that depend on a set of parameters ω and we are interested in the minimal eigenvalue of a matrix pencil (A,B) with A,B symmetric and B positive definite. If ω can be interpreted as the realization of random variables, one may be interested in statistical moments of the minimal eigenvalue. In order to obtain statistical moments, we need a fast evaluation of the eigenvalue as a function of ω. Because this is costly for large matrices, we are looking for a small parameterized eigenvalue problem whose minimal eigenvalue makes a small error with the minimal eigenvalue of the large eigenvalue problem. The advantage, in comparison with a global polynomial approximation (on which, e.g., the polynomial chaos approximation relies), is that we do not suffer from the possible nonsmoothness of the minimal eigenvalue. The small‐scale eigenvalue problem is obtained by projection of the large‐scale problem. Our main contribution is that, for constructing the subspace, we use multiple eigenvectors and derivatives of eigenvectors. We provide theoretical results and document numerical experiments regarding the beneficial effect of adding multiple eigenvectors and derivatives.
Quantitative seasonal variation of the falcarinol‐type polyacetylene (3S)‐16,17‐didehydrofalcarinol and its spatial tissue distribution in Tridax procumbens
Authors: Larqué‐García Horacio , Torres‐Tapia Luis W. , Vera‐Ku Marina , Gamboa‐León Rubí , Novelo‐Castilla Salett , Coral‐Martínez Tania I. , Peraza‐Sánchez Sergio R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction(3S)‐16,17‐Didehydrofalcarinol (1) has been isolated from Tridax procumbens and has proved to have notorious bioactivity against Leishmania mexicana. In this study, hexane fractions obtained from the methanol extract of each plant part (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits) of T. procumbens collected monthly during a year were analysed in order to determine the quantity of 1 associated with biotic variables.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to find the season of the year in which the bioactive metabolite 1 is at the highest concentration and to correlate it with temperature, length of day light, and rainfall.MethodsHexane fractions were obtained by liquid–liquid extraction and an accurate quantitation of 1 was performed using gas chromatography with a flame ionisation detector (GC‐FID) employing pelargonic acid vanillyl amide (2) as internal standard. Partial validation was based on linearity and precision.ResultsOur results indicated that the total content of 1 has significant variation (P ≤ 0.05) during the different collecting months. The total content of the metabolite reached its highest level in the roots of the plant during June in the rainfall season (0.0358 ± 0.001 mg/g), and its lowest values in February and March during the drought season (0.0015 ± 0.000 and 0.0008 ± 0.000 mg/g, respectively).ConclusionOur study provided evidence that the content of 1 in roots is strongly influenced by the variables of the harvesting season, also indicating that the biosynthesis of the active metabolite is enhanced during the warm and rainy months.
A TD‐DFT investigation of the photo‐induced excited state intramolecular proton transfer dynamics for the novel 5,5′‐(9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(2‐benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)phenol) system
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Song Xiaoyan , Zhang Tianjie , Gao Haiyan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods are adopted to explore the ground‐state and excited‐state intramolecular double hydrogen bonding interactions as well as the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) mechanism for 5,5′‐(9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluorene‐2,7‐diyl)bis(2‐benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)phenol) (abbreviated as Ia) system. The simulated electronic spectra of the Ia system (ie, absorption and fluorescence spectra) are reappeared by experimental results, which reveals the reasonability and correctness of the calculated theory adopted in this work. We firstly verify that the dual intramolecular hydrogen bonds of Ia should be enhanced in the first excited state via geometrical parameters (ie, bond lengths and bond angles) and infrared (IR) vibrational spectra. Then, insights into the photo‐excitation aspects, we confirm that the charge redistribution facilitates the ESIPT tendency. Particularly, the increased electronic densities around proton acceptors could play important roles in attracting proton H2 and H5 atoms for the Ia system. At last, via constructing potential energy surfaces (PESs), we clearly clarify the excited state intramolecular single proton transfer mechanism for the Ia system. This work not only clarifies the detailed ESIPT mechanism for the novel Ia system and makes up for the deficiencies in previous experiment but also promotes a deeper understanding about the excited state behaviors involved in multiple hydrogen bonding interactions.
Experimental evaluation of single‐domain antibodies predicted by molecular dynamics simulations to have elevated thermal stability
Authors: Zabetakis Dan , Shriver‐Lake Lisa C. , Olson Mark A. , Goldman Ellen R. , Anderson George P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecently Bekker et al. [Bekker G‐J et al. Protein Sci. 2019;28:429–438.] described a computational strategy of applying molecular‐dynamics simulations to estimate the relative stabilities of single‐domain antibodies, and utilized their method to design changes with the aim of increasing the stability of a single‐domain antibody with a known crystal structure. The structure from which they generated potentially stabilizing mutations is an anti‐cholera toxin single domain antibody selected from a naïve library which has relatively low thermal stability, reflected by a melting point of 48°C. Their work was purely theoretical, so to examine their predictions, we prepared the parental and predicted stabilizing mutant single domain antibodies and examined their thermal stability, ability to refold and affinity. We found that the mutation that improved stability the most (~7°C) was one which changed an amino acid in CDR1 from an asparagine to an aspartic acid. This change unfortunately was also accompanied by a reduction in affinity. Thus, while their modeling did appear to successfully predict stabilizing mutations, introducing mutations in the binding regions is problematic. Of further interest, the mutations selected via their high temperature simulations, did improve refolding, suggesting that they were successful in stabilizing the structure at high temperatures and thereby decrease aggregation. Our result should permit them to reassess and refine their model and may one day lead to a usefulin silico approach to protein stabilization.
A further leap of improvement in tertiary structure prediction in CASP13 prompts new routes for future assessments
Authors: Abriata Luciano A. , Tamò Giorgio E. , Dal Peraro Matteo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe present our assessment of tertiary structure predictions for hard targets in Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction round 13 (CASP13). The analysis includes (a) assignment and discussion of best models through scores‐aided visual inspection of models for each evaluation unit (EU); (b) ranking of predictors resulting from this evaluation and from global scores; and (c) evaluation of progress, state of the art, and current limitations of protein structure prediction. We witness a sizable improvement in tertiary structure prediction building on the progress observed from CASP11 to CASP12, with (a) top models reaching backbone RMSD <3 å for several EUs of size <150 residues, contributed by many groups; (b) at least one model that roughly captures global topology for all EUs, probably unprecedented in this track of CASP; and (c) even quite good models for full, unsplit targets. Better structure predictions are brought about mainly by improved residue‐residue contact predictions, and since this CASP also by distance predictions, achieved through state‐of‐the‐art machine learning methods which also progressed to work with slightly shallower alignments compared to CASP12. As we reach a new realm of tertiary structure prediction quality, new directions are proposed and explored for future CASPs: (a) dropping splitting into EUs, (b) rethinking difficulty metrics probably in terms of contact and distance predictions, (c) assessing also side chains for models of high backbone accuracy, and (d) assessing residue‐wise and possibly residue‐residue quality estimates.
Adaptive disturbance observer‐based control for stochastic systems with multiple heterogeneous disturbances
Authors: Wei Xinjiang , Dong Lewei , Zhang Huifeng , Hu Xin , Han Jian 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAntidisturbance control problem is discussed for stochastic systems with multiple heterogeneous disturbances, which include the white noise and the disturbance with unknown frequencies and amplitudes. An adaptive disturbance observer is designed to estimate the disturbance with unknown frequencies and amplitudes, based on which, an adaptive disturbance observer‐based control scheme is proposed by combining adaptive technique and linear matrix inequality method. It is proved that the closed‐loop system is asymptotically bounded in mean square when multiple heterogeneous disturbances exist simultaneously and that the equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable in probability as additive disturbance disappears. Finally, two simulation examples, including a wind turbine system, are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Influence of lanthanum on morphology and electrochemical performance of nano‐platinum‐based catalytic membrane electrode
Authors: Liu Yanwei , Zhao Yanting , Li Yan , Yang Bin 
Published: July 2019

The current research of platinum (Pt)–based catalysts focuses on reducing Pt loading in the catalysts while enhancing the catalytic activity. As a rare‐earth element, lanthanum (La) has demonstrated good synergistic effect with Pt‐based catalysts, because of its catalytic promoting capability and high dispersibility. Here, we fabricated La‐doped nano‐Pt‐based catalytic membrane electrode using ion beam sputtering method. The effect of La on the morphology and electrochemical performance of the catalytic membrane electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemical measurements. Compared with pure Pt‐based sample, the electrochemical activity specific area of the La‐doped sample increases by 74.59%, with 63.95% increase in exchange current density. The results also show that La2O3 enhances oxygen enrichment of the membrane electrode and reduces interfacial energy among Pt grains while pinning the grain boundaries. In addition, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) measurement shows that the Pt loading in the membrane electrodes is below 0.1 mg/cm2. Thus, enhanced catalytic performance is achieved in catalysts with lower Pt loading.
Interactions between reasoning about complex systems and conceptual understanding in learning chemistry
Authors: Samon Sigal , Levy Sharona T. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract“Complex systems” is a general‐purpose reasoning scheme, used in a wide range of disciplines to make sense of systems with many similar entities. In this paper, we examine the generality of this approach in learning chemistry. Students' reasoning in chemistry in terms of emergent complex systems is explored for two curricula: a normative and a complexity‐based one, so that the interaction could be examined under both the conditions. A quasi‐experimental pretest‐intervention‐posttest comparison group design was used to explore student's learning, complemented with interview data. The experimental group (n = 47) studied the topic of gases with a complexity‐based curriculum. A comparison group (n = 45) studied with a normative curriculum for the same duration. Students' answers to questionnaires were coded with a complexity‐based approach that included levels (distinguishing micro‐ and macro‐levels), stochastic particle behaviors, the emergence of macro‐level patterns from micro‐level behaviors, and the source of control in the system. It was found that students' reasoning about chemistry concepts in terms of complex systems falls into three distinct and coherent mental models. A sophisticated mental model included most of the above‐described complexity features, while the nonsophisticated model included none. The intermediate model is typified by distinguishing between levels, but not by stochastic and emergent behaviors. The nonsophisticated mental model was used mostly in the pretest. In the posttest, the experimental group used the intermediate and sophisticated models; while the comparison group used the nonsophisticated and intermediate models. Discussion approaches the topics of the generality of the complex systems approach; and the unique forms of reasoning that a complexity approach may contribute to learning science.
Every picture tells a&nbsp;story: Content analysis of medical school website and prospectus images in the United Kingdom
Authors: Macarthur Jack , Eaton Mike , Mattick Karen 
Published: July 2019

Introduction The decision-making process for students as to which medical schools to apply to is open to many factors and influences. Research has identified several factors which influence prospective students’ choice of medical school and career. There is also evidence that websites and prospectuses may be creating potential barriers to widening access.
Methods The websites and prospectuses of 33 medical schools in the United Kingdom were searched for relevant images. These images and the people in them were subjected to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data about the images and people were recorded so that a content analysis could be performed. The relative proportions were compared with pre-existing data relating to the medical profession and society.
Results From 33 medical schools, 650 images were included, with 1,817 people depicted. The largest group for the assumed roles was ‘student’, as expected, with 1,423 people (78%). For the overall theme of the image, community placement themed images made up only 2% of images (14) and hospital placement themed images made up 24% (154). Chi-squared goodness of fit showed statistically significant results for most groups of data when comparing ethnicity, the overall theme of the image and assumed specialty group, but not when comparing gender.
Discussion In conclusion, for gender, medical schools are accurately reflecting national data. However, for ethnicity medical schools fail to accurately represent national data, leading to incorrect signalling about the ethnic makeup of their students.
Evaluation of Scorpion Envenomation by Tityus trivittatus in Adults: An Analysis of Variables Related to Severity of Clinical Presentation
Authors: Frassone Natalia E. , Ford James S. , Villalon Diana , Barnes Andrés , Debes Jose D. , Marianelli Leonardo G. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction In Argentina, the scorpion species Tityus trivittatus has been the species most commonly associated with serious injury and death. Methods We performed a retrospective study of cases of T trivittatus envenomation that presented to the emergency department at an infectious disease hospital in Cordoba, Argentina, between December 2014 and February 2015. All cases were taxonomically confirmed using criteria established in the Argentine Ministry of Health national guidelines. The primary outcome was classification of clinical presentation (mild/moderate/severe). Classification of clinical presentation was performed in a post hoc fashion using the national guidelines and compared to the classification of clinical presentation given to patients at the time of diagnosis in the emergency department. Results We included 450 individuals with T trivittatus envenomation. The median age of was 36 y (interquartile range 25–52), and 57% were female . In the emergency department, only 5 patients (<1%) were diagnosed as moderate cases and received antivenom; all other cases were diagnosed as mild. Conversely, in our post hoc classification of clinical presentations, 280 patients had mild presentations, 170 had moderate presentations, and no patients had severe presentations. In our cohort, there were no deaths, no inpatient hospital admissions, and no requirements for continuous cardiac monitoring. We found that age >50 y, (odds ratio [OR] 2.5, P<0.001), time from sting to presentation >120 min (OR 2.6, P=0.02), and pre-existing hypertension (OR=3.9, P<0.001) were all independently associated with worse post hoc classification severity. Conclusions Our study exposed factors associated with moderate presentations of scorpion envenomation and proposes the option of conservative treatment for affected adults.
Do Farmer Professional Cooperatives Improve Technical Efficiency and Income? Evidence from Small Vegetable Farms in China
Authors: Dong Ying , Mu Yueying , Abler David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChina’s small-scale agricultural producers face many challenges to increasing productivity and efficiency. In recent years, the Chinese government has provided support for farmer professional cooperatives (FPCs) to connect small farms with upstream and downstream processes in the food supply chain. This study combines propensity score matching and sample selection-corrected stochastic production frontier analysis to estimate the impacts of FPC participation by greenhouse vegetable producers on technical efficiency and income. Results indicate that FPCs help participants improve returns to scale and marginal returns to land and labor, increase technical efficiency, and obtain ¥4,460 (18%) greater income per greenhouse than nonparticipants.
INDIRECT PROOF AND INVERSIONS OF SYLLOGISMS
Authors: DYCKHOFF ROY 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy considering the new notion of theinversesof syllogisms such asBarbaraandCelarent, we show how the rule ofIndirect Proof, in the form (no multiple or vacuous discharges) used by Aristotle, may be dispensed with, in a system comprising four basic rules of subalternation or conversion and six basic syllogisms.
Association between dietary fibre intake and asthma (symptoms and control): results from the French national e-cohort NutriNet-Santé
Authors: Andrianasolo Roland M. , Hercberg Serge , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Druesne-Pecollo Nathalie , Touvier Mathilde , Galan Pilar , Varraso Raphaëlle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite growing evidence suggesting a potential health benefit of high fibre intake for the prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases, studies regarding the role of total dietary fibre intake, types and sources of fibre on asthma are lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association of dietary fibre intakes and source of fibre with the asthma symptom score and asthma control. A total of 35 380 participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort were included. Asthma was defined by the asthma symptom score and asthma control by the asthma control test. Fibre intake (g/d) was categorised according to sex-specific quintiles. Multi-adjusted negative binomial regressions were used to evaluate the association between dietary fibre with the asthma symptom score and logistic regressions with asthma control. Participants were aged on average 54 years. After adjustment for confounders, higher intake of total, soluble, insoluble fibres from cereals, fruit and seeds were significantly negatively associated with the asthma symptom score both among women and men; OR for the highest quintile of total dietary fibre compared with the lowest quintile were 0·73 (95 % CI 0·67, 0·79) in women and 0·63 (95 % CI 0·55, 0·73) in men. We also found inverse significant associations between total, soluble and insoluble fibre with uncontrolled asthma; OR for participants in the highest quintile of total dietary fibre was 0·72 (95 % CI 0·55, 0·95) in women and 0·45 (95 % CI 0·26, 0·79) in men. Our results suggested that higher intake of dietary fibre, mostly insoluble fibre and fibre from cereals, was associated with fewer asthma symptoms and greater asthma control.
Symptom remission at 12-weeks strongly predicts long-term recovery from the first episode of psychosis
Authors: Dazzan Paola , Lappin Julia M. , Heslin Margaret , Donoghue Kim , Lomas Ben , Reininghaus Uli , Onyejiaka Adanna , Croudace Tim , Jones Peter B. , Murray Robin M. , Fearon Paul , Doody Gillian A. , Morgan Craig 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the baseline individual characteristics that predicted symptom recovery and functional recovery at 10-years following the first episode of psychosis.MethodsAESOP-10 is a 10-year follow up of an epidemiological, naturalistic population-based cohort of individuals recruited at the time of their first episode of psychosis in two areas in the UK (South East London and Nottingham). Detailed information on demographic, clinical, and social factors was examined to identify which factors predicted symptom and functional remission and recovery over 10-year follow-up. The study included 557 individuals with a first episode psychosis. The main study outcomes were symptom recovery and functional recovery at 10-year follow-up.ResultsAt 10 years, 46.2% (n= 140 of 303) of patients achieved symptom recovery and 40.9% (n= 117) achieved functional recovery. The strongest predictor of symptom recovery at 10 years was symptom remission at 12 weeks (adj OR 4.47; CI 2.60–7.67); followed by a diagnosis of depression with psychotic symptoms (adj OR 2.68; CI 1.02–7.05). Symptom remission at 12 weeks was also a strong predictor of functional recovery at 10 years (adj OR 2.75; CI 1.23–6.11), together with being from Nottingham study centre (adj OR 3.23; CI 1.25–8.30) and having a diagnosis of mania (adj OR 8.17; CI 1.61–41.42).ConclusionsSymptom remission at 12 weeks is an important predictor of both symptom and functional recovery at 10 years, with implications for illness management. The concepts of clinical and functional recovery overlap but should be considered separately.