bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug conjugates—an emerging approach to treat breast cancer
Authors: Hasan Mahmud , Leak Rehana K. , Stratford Robert E. , Zlotos Darius P. , Witt‐Enderby Paula A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBreast cancer treatment using a single drug is associated with a high failure rate due, in part, to the heterogeneity of drug response within individuals, nonspecific target action, drug toxicity, and/or development of resistance. Use of dual‐drug therapies, including drug conjugates, may help overcome some of these roadblocks by more selective targeting of the cancer cell and by acting at multiple drug targets rather than one. Drug‐conjugate approaches include linking drugs to antibodies (antibody‐drug conjugates), radionuclides (radioimmunoconjugates), nanoparticles (nanoparticle‐drug conjugates), or to other drugs (drug‐drug conjugates). Although all of these conjugates might be designed as effective treatments against breast cancer, the focus of this review will be on drug‐drug conjugates because of the increase in versatility of these types of drugs with respect to mode of action at the level of the cancer cell either by creating a novel pharmacophore or by increasing the potency and/or efficacy of the drugs’ effects at their respective molecular targets. The development, synthesis, and pharmacological characteristics of drug‐drug conjugates will be discussed in the context of breast cancer with the hope of enhancing drug efficacy and reducing toxicities to improve patient quality of life.
Exact two‐sided statistical tolerance limits for sample variances
Authors: Sarmiento Martin G.C. , Chakraborti S. , Epprecht Eugenio K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractStatistical tolerance intervals are widely used in the industry and in various areas of sciences, especially in conformity assessment and acceptance of products or processes in terms of quality. When the interest is in precision, a tolerance interval for the variance is useful. In this paper, we consider two‐sided tolerance intervals for the population of sample variances for data that arise from a normal distribution. These intervals are useful in applications where one needs information about process deterioration as well as process improvement, to properly assess product quality. In this paper, the theory for these tolerance intervals is developed and tables for the tolerance factors, required to calculate the proposed tolerance limits, are provided for various settings. Construction and implementation of the proposed tolerance intervals are illustrated using a dataset from a real application. Summary and conclusions are offered.
Towards a benefits dependency network for DevOps based on a systematic literature review
Authors: Jabbari Ramtin , bin Ali Nauman , Petersen Kai , Tanveer Binish 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDevOps as a new way of thinking for software development and operations has received much attention in the industry, while it has not been thoroughly investigated in academia yet. The objective of this study is to characterize DevOps by exploring its central components in terms of principles, practices and their relations to the principles, challenges of DevOps adoption, and benefits reported in the peer‐reviewed literature. As a key objective, we also aim to realize the relations between DevOps practices and benefits in a systematic manner. A systematic literature review was conducted. Also, we used the concept of benefits dependency network to synthesize the findings, in particular, to specify dependencies between DevOps practices and link the practices to benefits. We found that in many cases, DevOps characteristics, ie, principles, practices, benefits, and challenges, were not sufficiently defined in detail in the peer‐reviewed literature. In addition, only a few empirical studies are available, which can be attributed to the nascency of DevOps research. Also, an initial version of the DevOps benefits dependency network has been derived. The definition of DevOps principles and practices should be emphasized given the novelty of the concept. Further empirical studies are needed to improve the benefits dependency network presented in this study.
A proposed structural design method considering fluid viscous damper degradations
Authors: Ataei Hossein , Kalbasi Anaraki Kamiar 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study is to perform a seismic assessment of the moment resistant steel structures enhanced with viscous dampers where the dampers are degraded due to possible leak of viscous fluid. This paper proposes a design procedure based on corrected response spectrums as a result of seismic assessments based on nonlinear time series analyses on three‐, five‐, and seven‐story steel frame structures denoted as “generic structures.” The proposed design procedure is a seismic displacement‐based design methodology for buildings with viscous dampers as passive energy dissipation systems. Prior literature on these types of structures often overlook the viscous dampers degradation due to the fluid leak. In this paper, in order to study these effects, a target displacement is specified at first and the lateral forces and required stiffness are obtained. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is verified with the collapse fragility curves of the generic structures according to the ASCE 7‐10 and displacement‐based design methodology. The results show that the structures designed based on proposed procedure demonstrate acceptable performance with degrading dampers.
On multi-field flows in gravity and holography
Authors: Nitti Francesco , Pimenta Leandro Silva , Steer Danièle A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe perform a systematic analysis of flow-like solutions in theories of Einstein gravity coupled to multiple scalar fields, which arise as holographic RG flows as well as in the context of cosmological solutions driven by scalars. We use the first order formalism and the superpotential formulation to classify solutions close to generic extrema of the scalar potential, and close to “bounces,” where the flow is inverted in some or all directions and the superpotential becomes multi-valued. Although the superpotential formulation contains a large redundancy, we show how this can be completely lift by suitable regularity conditions. We place the first order formalism in the context of Hamilton-Jacobi theory, where we discuss the possibility of non-gradient flows and their connection to non-separable solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We argue that non-gradient flows may be useful in the presence of global symmetries in the scalar sector.
Cuckoo search algorithm for applied structural and design optimization: Float system for experimental setups
Authors: Jalal Mostafa , Goharzay Maral 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
In the present study, Cuckoo Search (CS) as a nature-inspired optimization algorithm was applied for structural and design optimization of a new float system for experimental setups. For this purpose, based on the setup configuration, it was tried to minimize the total length of the float, while maintaining the structural and performance-based constraints. Different geometries for the float structure were examined to come up with the feasible options. The problem was formulated into a constrained optimization in terms of four or five variables, depending on the geometry, along with two performance-based constraints and some structural constraints. CS was used to solve the constrained optimization problem and the convergence trends of the parameters to optimal solutions were examined in details. Generalized reduced gradient (GRG) method known as GRG nonlinear was also used for validation and comparison purpose. The results of the optimization and the performance of the float produced showed that CS can be used as a powerful tool for applied structural and design problems. It should be mentioned that the float problem can be used as a benchmark structural design problem for validation of new optimization algorithms. Besides, the optimal float can be produced for various experimental setups with different structures and constraints, depending on the application.
Highlights Cuckoo Search (CS) algorithm as a metaheuristic approach. Constrained optimization in structural design using CS algorithm. Designing a new float for experimental setups. Production of an optimal float for measurement system. Float design as a benchmark problem for optimization algorithms.
Westgate Oxford Pop Up Museum
Authors: Peacock Becky J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTWestgate Oxford is a commercial redevelopment of a large shopping complex in the center of Oxford, with clients Westgate Oxford Alliance and principal contractor Laing O'Rourke. The excavations, carried out by Oxford Archaeology, between 2014 and 2016, were required as part of UK Planning Guidelines and were the largest ever undertaken in the city and principally focused on a large medieval suburban friary. The project won Best Archaeological Project 2016 at the prestigious national British Archaeological Awards, and the outreach program, which included an evolving pop-up museum, was a significant contributing factor. This essay will demonstrate how to set up a pop-up museum in eight steps. The essay will look at how to work with different partners of a project. It will discuss choosing a story to tell and how to deal with a changing narrative on an archaeological site in “real time.” It will show how the Pop Up museum became the principal location for dissemination for the Westgate Oxford project. The essay will conclude with how to keep the story alive and plans for the future of the Westgate Oxford Pop Up Museum.
Extending working life and the management of change. Is the workplace ready for the ageing worker?
Authors: Wainwright David , Crawford Joanne , Loretto Wendy , Phillipson Christopher , Robinson Mark , Shepherd Sue , Vickerstaff Sarah , Weyman Andrew 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIncreasing longevity and the strain on state and occupational pensions have brought into question long-held assumptions about the age of retirement, and raised the prospect of a workplace populated by ageing workers. In the United Kingdom the default retirement age has gone, incremental increases in state pension age are being implemented and ageism has been added to workplace anti-discrimination laws. These changes are yet to bring about the anticipated transformation in workplace demographics, but it is coming, making it timely to ask if the workplace is ready for the ageing worker and how the extension of working life will be managed. We report findings from qualitative case studies of five large organisations located in the United Kingdom. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with employees, line managers, occupational health staff and human resources managers. Our findings reveal a high degree of uncertainty and ambivalence among workers and managers regarding the desirability and feasibility of extending working life; wide variations in how older workers are managed within workplaces; a gap between policies and practices; and evidence that while casualisation might be experienced negatively by younger workers, it may be viewed positively by financially secure older workers seeking flexibility. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges facing employers and policy makers in making the modern workplace fit for the ageing worker.
SES effects on the use of variation sets in child-directed speech
Authors: TAL Shira , ARNON Inbal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSocio-economic status (SES) impacts the amount and type of input children hear in ways that have developmental consequences. Here, we examine the effect of SES on the use of variation sets (successive utterances with partial self-repetitions) in child-directed speech (CDS). Variation sets have been found to facilitate language learning, but have been studied only in higher-SES groups. Here, we examine their use in naturalistic speech in two languages (Hebrew and English) for both low- and high-SES caregivers. We find that variation sets are more frequent in the input of high-SES caregivers in both languages, indicating that SES also impacts structural properties of CDS.
Mechanisms of the “Low-Flow” State during Resuscitation of the Totally Ischemic Brain
Authors: Tweed W. A. , Wade J. G. , Davidson W. J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryResuscitation of the brain following total circulatory arrest may be impeded by difficulty in establishing cerebral tissue perfusion, a post-ischemic “low-flow” state. We have confirmed this hypothesis in a rat model of total cerebral ischemia and have demonstrated marked improvement in post-ischemic brain tissue perfusion following epinephrine injection. This is mainly due to the systemic vascular effects of epinephrine, resulting in improved central aortic pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure. Hyperkalemic induced vasoconstriction has also been postulated as a cause of the “low-flow”. We have, therefore, investigated the in vitro effects of increasing potassium ion concentration on cerebrovascular smooth muscle strips. Large arteries constrict, while small arteries dilate in response to hyperkalemia. The net effect on cerebral blood flow remains unsettled. Our research to date suggests that resuscitation of the totally ischemic brain, in animal models at least, is enhanced by epinephrine, mainly via its effects on central aortic pressure.
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Statistical Patterns and Psychological Performance in Multi-Infarct Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Perez Francisco I. , Mathew Ninan T. , Stump David A. , Mfyer John S. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryMultivariate data analysis statistical procedures were applied to identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) patterns in patients with multi-infarct dementia (M.I.D.) and Alzheimer’s disease (A.D.) when compared to a control group (C). A fronto-temporal-parietal pattern was identified for the A.D. group. The M.I.D. group demonstrated a predominant temporal-parietal pattern. A discriminant function analysis classified 96% of the A.D. and C. patients correctly. One hundred percent hit rate was obtained in discriminating between M.I.D. and C. Discrimination of A.D. and M.I.D. obtained 82% diagnostic accuracy. When the three groups were compared the hit rate was 93%. Mean rCBF and mean relative weight of the gray matter (Wg) differences were found when each dementia group was compared with C.M.I.D. and A.D. did not differ in mean rCBF but significant differences were found for Wg, with M.I.D. having greater reduction. The performance on standardized psychological tests of two independent samples of A.D. and M.I.D. were compared. The Memory Quotient from the Wechsler Memory Scale was consistently more impaired for the A.D. group. No correlation between degree of psychological impairment and rCBF or W g reduction was found.
Reproducible and Replicable: An Empirical Assessment of the Social Construction of Politically Relevant Target Groups
Authors: Kreitzer Rebecca J. , Smith Candis Watts 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTSchneider and Ingram introduced the pivotal theory of social construction of target populations in the American Political Science Review nearly 25 years ago. There, they developed four ideal type groups: advantaged, contenders, dependents, and deviants. They noted that there may be contention around the construction of the groups but implied an expectation of consensus. There has not been, however, a systematic categorization of politically salient target groups based on these categories, nor has there been an empirical assessment of whether or the extent to which consensus around the social constructions of salient target groups exists. We revisit this theory to offer a novel perspective and do so by leveraging advances in technology and methodological strategies. By crowdsourcing the task of evaluating the social construction of various target populations, we are able to assess underlying assumptions of theory as well as outline avenues for future research on policy design.
The Role of Complex Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Refractory Bipolar Illness
Authors: Post Robert M. , Frye Mark A. , Leverich Gabriele S. , Denicoff Kirk D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, we present rationales for using complex combination therapy in treatment-refractory bipolar patients and discuss the agents available for use in this therapeutic approach. We review a case example of successful remission that was achievable only with complex combination therapy, and examine its theoretical implications. Practical approaches to devising the optimal complex combination treatment for individual patients are explained, and we look to the development of new methodologies and a more systematic database for decision making in the future.
Rationalizing Systems Analysis for the Evaluation of Adaptation Strategies in Complex Human‐Water Systems
Authors: Essenfelder Arthur H. , Pérez‐Blanco C. Dionisio , Mayer Alex S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWater resources management is a nontrivial process requiring a holistic understanding of the factors driving the dynamics of human‐water systems. Policy‐induced or autonomous behavioral changes in human systems may affect water and land management, which may affect water systems and feedback to human systems, further impacting water and land management. Currently, hydro‐economic models lack the ability to describe such dynamics either because they do not account for the multifactor/multioutput nature of these systems and/or are not designed to operate at a river basin scale. This paper presents a flexible and replicable methodological framework for integrating a microeconomic multifactor/multioutput Positive Multi‐Attribute Utility Programming (PMAUP) model with an eco‐hydrologic model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The connection between the models occurs in a sequential modular approach through a common spatial unit, the “hydrologic‐economic representative units” (HERUs), derived from the boundaries of decision‐making entities and hydrologic responsive units. The resulting SWAT‐PMAUP model aims to provide the means for exploring the dynamics between the behavior of socio‐economic agents and their connection with the water system through water and land management. The integrated model is illustrated by simulating the impacts of irrigation restriction policies on the Río Mundo subbasin in south‐eastern Spain. The results suggest that agents' adaptation strategies in response to the irrigation restrictions have broad economic impacts and subsequent consequences on surface and groundwater hydrology. We suggest that the integrated modeling framework can be a valuable tool to support decision‐making in water resources management across a wide range of scales.
Twelve Questions for the Participatory Modeling Community
Authors: Jordan Rebecca , Gray Steven , Zellner Moira , Glynn Pierre D. , Voinov Alexey , Hedelin Beatrice , Sterling Eleanor J. , Leong Kirsten , Olabisi Laura Schmitt , Hubacek Klaus , Bommel Pierre , BenDor Todd K. , Jetter Antonie J. , Laursen Bethany , Singer Alison , Giabbanelli Philippe J. , Kolagani Nagesh , Carrera Laura Basco , Jenni Karen , Prell Christina ,   National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center Participatory Modeling Pursuit Working Group
Published: July 2018

AbstractParticipatory modeling engages the implicit and explicit knowledge of stakeholders to create formalized and shared representations of reality and has evolved into a field of study as well as a practice. Participatory modeling researchers and practitioners who focus specifically on environmental resources met at the National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) in Annapolis, Maryland, over the course of 2 years to discuss the state of the field and future directions for participatory modeling. What follows is a description of 12 overarching groups of questions that could guide future inquiry.
Energetic Electron Diffusion by Modulated Heating of the Ionosphere
Authors: Chang Shanshan , Ni Binbin , Cao Xing , Zhang Xuemin , Zhu Zhengping , Luo Weihua 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAiming to assess the effect on the radiation belts due to modulated heating of the ionosphere, this study adopts the test particle simulation to investigate the resonant interaction between energetic electron and the heater‐induced monotonic ELF/VLF (extremely low frequency/very low frequency) waves, with wave distribution obtained by DEMETER observations and numerical computation. It is found that while energy diffusion is weak, pitch angle scattering on energetic electrons can be intense at low equatorial pitch angles near the loss cone for both field‐aligned monotonic waves generated by high‐latitude heater and highly oblique monotonic waves generated by low‐latitude heater. Our investigation supports the feasibility of modulated heating of both high‐latitude ionosphere and low‐latitude ionosphere for controlled precipitation of energetic electron but also suggests that electron diffusion of field‐aligned monotonic waves is more effective, as the diffusion rates can be larger for lower energy electron or at higher equatorial pitch angles and do not vary much with the modulated frequency. Finally, the results are compared with the quasi‐linear theory. Though the test particle diffusion coefficients are in good agreement with the quasi‐linear diffusion coefficients for field‐aligned monotonic waves, they are in very limited agreement for highly oblique monotonic waves, which bring into question the applicability of quasi‐linear theory to monotonic highly oblique wave.
Long‐Range Radiation and Interference Pattern of Multisource M2 Internal Tides in the Philippine Sea
Authors: Wang Yang , Xu Zhenhua , Yin Baoshu , Hou Yijun , Chang Hang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLong‐range radiation and interference of M2 internal tides from multiple sources in the Philippine Sea are examined by driving a high‐resolution numerical model. The M2 internal tides are effectively generated around the boundary area, which includes the Luzon Strait, Ryukyu Island chain, Bonin Ridge, Mariana Arc, and Izu Ridge, favoring the occurrence of complex interference patterns. The local sources (mainly Daito Islands and Palau Ridge) inside the basin contribute to a small portion (~5%) of total energy but enhance the geographical inhomogeneity of the baroclinic field. The mode‐1 and mode‐2 M2 tidal beams from boundary sources radiate a long distance into the basin but exhibit different interference‐modulated geography variations. A 2‐D line source model characterizing interference can reproduce the general baroclinic field. Two notable interference cases are investigated: (1) the superposition of internal tides from Luzon Strait and Miyako Strait bifurcates into several southeastward beams, consistent with previous numerical simulations and altimeter measurements, and (2) the interference between Tokara Strait and Bonin Ridge exhibits a multiscale spatial pattern, which is modulated by the local generated energy and bathymetry features. Energetic dissipation occurs both near the boundary sources and in the basin. A locally dissipated fraction q of ~0.4 is estimated at the Luzon Strait and Bonin Ridge with continuous bathymetry features, while q of ~0.6 is estimated at the Ryukyu Island chain and Mariana Arc with discrete topographic variability. A lower locally dissipated fraction indicates a stronger energy flux radiating into the basin, where enhanced dissipation coincides closely with the interference‐modulated flux field.