bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effects of Cytotoxicity and Antimicrobial Activities of Self-adhesive, Eugenol and Noneugenol Temporary and Traditional Cements on Gingiva and Pulp Living Cells
Authors: Alkurt Murat , Duymus Zeynep Yesil , Sisci Tugay 
Published: June 2019

Aims and objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of cements: zinc polycarboxylate, glass ionomer, self-adhesive resin cement, eugenol-containing and eugenol-free temporary cements. Materials and methods: The agar-diffusion test was carried out on 4 types of bacteria: Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans; ATCC 35668), Streptococcus salivarius ( S. salivarius; ATCC 13419), Streptococcus sangius ( S. sangius; ATCC 10556), and Lactobacillus casei ( L. casei; ATCC 27139). Freshly prepared cement samples were placed on a brain heart infusion medium and left at 37°C for 24 hours in a CO2 incubator. Ampicillin disks of 10 mg were used as positive controls. Antimicrobial effects were determined using the zone of inhibition measurement in millimeters at 24 and 48 hours. Cytotoxicity was assessed through a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (SERVA Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). To evaluate cell viability, an optical density microplate reader (Tecan™ Sunrise, Männedorf, Switzerland) was used at 24 and 48 hours at 570 and 630 nm, respectively. Results: Except the positive control group, the Adhesor luting cement showed a higher inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei. RelyX Temp E temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on S. sangius and L. casei, whereas the Cavex temporary cement showed an inhibitory effect on only S. sangius at 24 and 48 hours. At 100% concentration, Cavex temporary cement showed the least toxicity (23.6% pulp cell and 9.9% gingival cell) and highest cell viability (76.4% pulp cell and 90.1% gingival cell) at 24 hours. However, Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements showed the highest toxicity (above 94% gingival cell and 95% pulp cell) at 100% concentration. Conclusions: Meron, Adhesor, Panavia SA luting, and RelyX Temp E temporary cements may have a cytotoxic potential. None of the cements showed an inhibitory effect on S. mutan and S. salivarius, whereas Adhesor luting cement has a higher inhibitory effect than that of S. sangius and L. casei.
Assessment of Postoperative Pain Using Different Root Canal Irrigants in Mandibular Molars with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: An Observational Study
Authors: Khateeb Shafait Ullah , Algarni Youssef A. , Baba Suheel Manzoor , Mir Shugufta , Yaqoob Ashfaq , Jeri Sumaya Yousuf 
Published: June 2019

Background: The present study was conducted to assess postoperative pain using different root canal irrigants in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 84 patients (40 males and 44 females) having 126 mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. In all molars, access cavity preparation was done and the root canal shaping procedures were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions for each instrument system. Teeth were divided into 2 groups. In Group I, the 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution was used as an irrigating solution. In Group II, the 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) was used as an irrigating solution. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess postobturation pain on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. Results: There were 40 males and 44 females in the present study. In Group I, the 5.25% NaOCl solution was used as an irrigating solution. In Group II, the 2% CHX was used as an irrigating solution. Each group had 63 teeth. VAS was 9 in Group I and 8 in Group II on Day 1; 5 and 3 in Groups I and II, respectively, on Day 3; and 3 and 1 on Day 7 in Groups I and II, respectively. The difference was significant ( P < .05). Conclusions: There were excellent results obtained with the 2% CHX solution as compared with the 5.25% NaOCl solution. Group II exhibited less VAS than Group I.
Feasibility of Collecting Multiple Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Alongside the Dutch Arthroplasty Register
Authors: Tilbury Claire , Leichtenberg Claudia S , Kaptein Bart L , Koster Lennard A , Verdegaal Suzan H M , Onstenk Ron , der Zwaag Henrike M J van der Linden-van , Krips Rover , Kaptijn Herman H , Vehmeijer Stephan B W , Marijnissen Willem-Jan C M , Meesters Jorit J L , van Rooden Stephanie M , Brand Ronald , Nelissen Rob G H H , Gademan Maaike G J , Vlieland Thea P M Vliet 
Published: June 2019

Background: Compliance rates with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) collected alongside arthroplasty registries vary in the literature. We described the feasibility of a routinely collected set PROMs alongside the Dutch Arthroplasty Register. Methods: The longitudinal Leiden Orthopaedics Outcomes of OsteoArthritis Study is a multicenter (7 hospitals), observational study including patients undergoing total hip or total knee arthroplasty (THA or TKA). A set of PROMs: Short Form-12, EuroQol 5 Dimensions, Hip/Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Oxford Hip/Knee Score was collected preoperatively and at 6, 12, 24 months, and every 2 years thereafter. Participation rates and response rates were recorded. Results: Between June 2012 and December 2014, 1796 THA and 1636 TKA patients were invited, of whom 1043 THA (58%; mean age 68 years [standard deviation, SD: 10]) and 970 TKA patients (59%; mean age 71 years [SD 9.5]) participated in the study. At 6 months, 35 THA/38 TKA patients were lost to follow-up. Response rates were 90% for THA (898/1000) and 89% for TKA (827/932) participants. At 1 and 2 years, 8 and 18 THA and 17 and 11 TKA patients were lost to follow-up, respectively. The response rates among those eligible were 87% (866/992) and 84% (812/972) for THA and 84% (771/917) and 83% (756/906) for TKA patients, respectively. The 2-year questionnaire was completed by 78.5% of the included THA patients and by 77.9% of the included TKA patients. Conclusions: About 60% of patients undergoing THA or TKA complete PROMs preoperatively, with more than 80% returning follow-up PROMs. To increase the participation rates, more efforts concerning the initial recruitment of patients are needed.
Nanoparticle diffusion in spontaneously expectorated sputum as a biophysical tool to probe disease severity in COPD
Authors: Chisholm Jane F. , Shenoy Siddharth K. , Shade Julie K. , Kim Victor , Putcha Nirupama , Carson Kathryn A. , Wise Robert , Hansel Nadia N. , Hanes Justin S. , Suk Jung Soo , Neptune Enid 
Published: June 2019

Perturbations in airway mucus properties contribute to lung function decline in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While alterations in bulk mucus rheology have been widely explored, microscopic mucus properties that directly impact on the dynamics of microorganisms and immune cells in the COPD lungs are yet to be investigated.We hypothesised that a tightened mesh structure of spontaneously expectorated mucus (i.e.sputum) would contribute to increased COPD disease severity. Here, we investigated whether the mesh size of COPD sputum, quantified by muco-inert nanoparticle (MIP) diffusion, correlated with sputum composition and lung function measurements.The microstructure of COPD sputum was assessed based on the mean squared displacement (MSD) of variously sized MIPs measured by multiple particle tracking. MSD values were correlated with sputum composition and spirometry. In total, 33 samples collected from COPD or non-COPD individuals were analysed.We found that 100 nm MIPs differentiated microstructural features of COPD sputum. The mobility of MIPs was more hindered in sputum samples from patients with severe COPD, suggesting a tighter mucus mesh size. Specifically, MSD values inversely correlated with lung function.These findings suggest that sputum microstructure may serve as a novel risk factor for COPD progression and severity.
Variable utility of mosaic attenuation to distinguish fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Barnett Joseph , Molyneaux Philip L. , Rawal Bhavin , Abdullah Rezaur , Hare Samanjit S. , Vancheeswaran Rama , Desai Sujal R. , Maher Toby M. , Wells Athol U. , Devaraj Anand 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundMosaic attenuation on computed tomography (CT) has been identified in international guidelines as an important diagnostic feature of fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (FHP) as opposed to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, mosaic attenuation comprises several different radiological signs (low-density lobules, preserved lobules, air trapping and the so-called “headcheese sign”) which may have differing diagnostic utility. Furthermore, the extent of mosaic attenuation required to distinguish these two diagnoses is uncertain and thresholds of mosaic attenuation from international guidelines have not been validated.MethodsInspiratory and expiratory CT scans were evaluated by two readers in 102 patients (IPF n=57; FHP n=45) using a semiquantitative scoring system for mosaic attenuation. Findings were validated in an external cohort from a secondary referral institution (IPF n=34; FHP n=28).ResultsLow-density lobules and air trapping were a frequent finding in IPF, present in up to 51% of patients. A requirement for increasing extent of low-density lobules and air trapping based on guidelines (American Thoracic Society and Fleischner Society) was associated with increased specificity for the diagnosis of FHP (0.96 and 0.98, respectively) but reduced sensitivity (0.16 and 0.20, respectively). The headcheese sign was found to be highly specific (0.93) and moderately sensitive (0.49) for a high-confidence diagnosis of FHP. The high specificity of the headcheese sign was maintained in the validation cohort and when patients with other CT features of FHP were excluded.ConclusionMosaic attenuation is a frequent finding in IPF. However, the headcheese sign can be confidently considered as being inconsistent with a diagnosis of IPF and specific for FHP.
EviAtlas: a tool for visualising evidence synthesis databases
Authors: Haddaway Neal R. , Feierman Andrew , Grainger Matthew J. , Gray Charles T. , Tanriver-Ayder Ezgi , Dhaubanjar Sanita , Westgate Martin J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSystematic mapping assesses the nature of an evidence base, answering how much evidence exists on a particular topic. Perhaps the most useful outputs of a systematic map are an interactive database of studies and their meta-data, along with visualisations of this database. Despite the rapid increase in systematic mapping as an evidence synthesis method, there is currently a lack of Open Source software for producing interactive visualisations of systematic map databases. In April 2018, as attendees at and coordinators of the first ever Evidence Synthesis Hackathon in Stockholm, we decided to address this issue by developing an R-based tool calledEviAtlas,an Open Access (i.e. free to use) and Open Source (i.e. software code is freely accessible and reproducible) tool for producing interactive, attractive tables and figures that summarise the evidence base. Here, we present our tool which includes the ability to generate vital visualisations for systematic maps and reviews as follows: a complete data table; a spatially explicit geographical information system (Evidence Atlas); Heat Maps that cross-tabulate two or more variables and display the number of studies belonging to multiple categories; and standard descriptive plots showing the nature of the evidence base, for example the number of studies published per year or number of studies per country. We believe thatEviAtlaswill provide a stimulus for the development of other exciting tools to facilitate evidence synthesis.
Unsupervised anomaly detection with compact deep features for wind turbine blade images taken by a drone
Authors: Wang Yinan , Yoshihashi Ryota , Kawakami Rei , You Shaodi , Harano Tohru , Ito Masahiko , Komagome Katsura , Iida Makoto , Naemura Takeshi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Detecting anomalies in wind turbine blades from aerial images taken by drones can reduce the costs of periodic inspections. Deep learning is useful for image recognition, but it requires large amounts of data to be collected on rare abnormalities. In this paper, we propose a method to distinguish normal and abnormal parts of a blade by combining one-class support vector machine, an unsupervised learning method, with deep features learned from a generic image dataset. The images taken by a drone are subsampled, projected to the feature space, and compressed by using principle component analysis (PCA) to make them learnable. Experiments show that features in the lower layers of deep nets are useful for detecting anomalies in blade images.
Young-onset dementia: scoping review of key pointers to diagnostic accuracy
Authors: O'Malley Mary , Parkes Jacqueline , Stamou Vasileios , LaFontaine Jenny , Oyebode Jan , Carter Janet 
Published: June 2019

Background
Routine psychiatric assessments tailored to older patients are often insufficient to identify the complexity of presentation in younger patients with dementia. Significant overlap between psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative disease means that high rates of prior incorrect psychiatric diagnosis are common. Long delays to diagnosis, misdiagnosis and lack of knowledge from professionals are key concerns. No specific practice guidelines exist for diagnosis of young-onset dementia (YOD).

Aims
The review evaluates the current evidence about best practice in diagnosis to guide thorough assessment of the complex presentations of YOD with a view to upskilling professionals in the field.

Method
A comprehensive search of the literature adopting a scoping review methodology was conducted regarding essential elements of diagnosis in YOD, over and above those in current diagnostic criteria for disease subtypes. This methodology was chosen because research in this area is sparse and not amenable to a traditional systematic review.

Results
The quality of evidence identified is variable with the majority provided from expert opinion and evidence is lacking on some topics. Evidence appears weighted towards diagnosis in frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes and young-onset Alzheimer's disease.

Conclusions
The literature demonstrates that a clinically rigorous and systematic approach is necessary in order to avoid mis- or underdiagnosis for younger people. The advent of new disease-modifying treatments necessitates clinicians in the field to improve knowledge of new imaging techniques and genetics, with the goal of improving training and practice, and highlights the need for quality indicators and alignment of diagnostic procedures across clinical settings.

Declaration of interest
None.
Treatment-Related Toxicity Using Prostate-Only Versus Prostate and Pelvic Lymph Node Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: A National Population-Based Study
Authors: Parry Matthew G. , Sujenthiran Arunan , Cowling Thomas E. , Nossiter Julie , Cathcart Paul , Clarke Noel W. , Payne Heather , van der Meulen Jan , Aggarwal Ajay 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE There is a debate about the effectiveness and toxicity of pelvic lymph node (PLN) irradiation for the treatment of men with high-risk prostate cancer. This study compared the toxicity of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to the prostate and the pelvic lymph nodes (PPLN-IMRT) with prostate-only IMRT (PO-IMRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with high-risk localized or locally advanced prostate cancer treated with IMRT in the English National Health Service between 2010 and 2013 were identified by using data from the Cancer Registry, the National Radiotherapy Dataset, and Hospital Episode Statistics, an administrative database of all hospital admissions. Follow-up was available up to December 31, 2015. Validated indicators were used to identify patients with severe toxicity according to the presence of both a procedure code and diagnostic code in patient Hospital Episode Statistics records. A competing risks regression analysis, with adjustment for patient and tumor characteristics, estimated subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) by comparing GI and genitourinary (GU) complications for PPLN-IMRT versus PO-IMRT. RESULTS Three-year cumulative incidence in the PPLN-IMRT (n = 780) and PO-IMRT (n = 3,065) groups was 14% for both groups for GI toxicity, and 9% and 8% for GU toxicity, respectively. Patients receiving PPLN-IMRT and PO-IMRT had similar levels of severe GI (adjusted sHR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.80 to 1.24; P = .97) and GU (adjusted sHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.46; P = .50) toxicity rates. CONCLUSION Including PLNs in radiation fields for high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer is not associated with increased GI or GU toxicity at 3 years. Additional follow-up is required to answer questions about its impact on late GU toxicity. Results from ongoing trials will provide insight into the anticancer effectiveness of PLN irradiation.
Time Intervals From Onset of Clinical Manifestations to Treatment in Patients With Cancer at Hospital General San Felipe, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Authors: Sánchez José A. , Handal Mayra G. , Vílchez Rodriguez Juan F. , Mejía Sinthia I. , Pagoaga Annye P. 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE In cancer, clinical staging is related to outcomes, and this is linked to the evolution of the disease over time. In Honduras, cancer mortality is high, and time intervals from onset of symptoms to treatment of cancer are not known. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine these intervals. PATIENTS AND METHODS This investigation was carried out from April 25 to August 30, 2018, and included 202 patients at the main cancer referral center in Honduras. For the purposes of the study, information was obtained from patients, their caregiver, medical records, or treatment cards. Patients older than age 18 years were included after informed consent was signed. RESULTS The mean time interval from onset of symptoms to cancer treatment was 232 days. Different intervals of time were identified, and the mean of these intervals was calculated in days as follows: 68 days from onset of symptoms to first medical evaluation; 146 days from first evaluation to oncologist consultation; 26 days from cancer specialist to the pathology report; and 86 days from the histopathologic diagnosis to the beginning of treatment. Once diagnosis was established, the average elapsed times to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and chemoradiotherapy were 88, 102, 76, and 154 days, respectively ( P < .05, when surgery is compared against chemotherapy and radiotherapy). CONCLUSION The mean time interval from symptom presentation to treatment in patients with cancer is more than 7 months. This could explain the advanced stages of disease seen at the time of treatment in Honduras, which decrease chance of cure and increase the mortality rate of cancer). Appropriate intervention to decrease these intervals must be taken to reduce mortality.
Conversations About Financial Issues in Routine Oncology Practices: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Warsame Rahma , Kennedy Cassie C. , Kumbamu Ashok , Branda Megan , Fernandez Cara , Kimball Brittany , Leppin Aaron L. , O’Byrne Thomas , Jatoi Aminah , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Tilburt Jon C. 
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE: To describe the frequency, content, dynamics, and patterns of cost conversations in academic medical oncology across tumor types. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed 529 audio recordings between May 3, 2012, to September 23, 2014, from a prospective three-site communication study in which patients at any stage of management for any solid tumor malignancy were seen in routine oncology appointments. Recordings were deidentified, transcribed, and flagged for any mention of cost. We coded encounters and used qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS: Financial issues were discussed in 151 (28%) of 529 recordings. Conversations lasted shorter than 2 minutes on average. Patients/caregivers raised a majority of discussions (106 of 151), and 40% of cost concerns raised by patients/caregivers were not verbally acknowledged by clinicians. Social service referrals were made only six times. Themes from content analysis were related to insurance eligibility/process, work insecurity, cost of drugs, cost used as tool to influence medical decision making, health care–specific costs, and basic needs. Financial concerns influenced oncology work processes via test or medication coverage denials, creating paperwork for clinicians, potentially influencing patient involvement in trials, and leading to medication self-rationing or similar behaviors. Typically, financial concerns were associated with negative emotions. CONCLUSION: Financial issues were raised in approximately one in four academic oncology visits. These brief conversations were usually initiated by patients/caregivers, went frequently unaddressed by clinicians, and seemed to influence medical decision making and work processes and contribute to distress. Themes identified shed light on the kinds of gaps that must be addressed to help patients with cancer cope with the rising cost of care.
MiR-137's Tumor Suppression on Prolactinomas by Targeting MITF and Modulating Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lei Cao , Jing Guo , Jichao Wang , Xiaohui Lou , Fang Qiuyue , Hua Gao , Yazhou Miao , Zhang Yazhou 
Published: June 2019

AbstractContextProlactinomas are the most common functional pituitary adenomas; the aggressive tumors still present challenge to clinicians. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been functionally associated with prolactinomas.ObjectiveHere we explored the role of miR-137 on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of prolactinomas and its possible mechanism.ResultsLow expression of miR-137 was correlated with the invasive behavior of human prolactinomas and predicted high recurrence. MiR-137 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and survivals of MMQ and GH3 cells and reduced tumor volume in F344 rat prolactinomas. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed that microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was the direct target of miR-137. In addition, miR-137 mimics could inhibit MITF expression in vivo and in vitro. Upregulation of MITF expression promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and survivals and reversed the antitumor effect of miR-137 in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, miR-137 could also upregulate wnt-inhibitory factor-1 and inhibit nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Upregulation of wnt-inhibitory factor-1 with decitabine can enhance the inhibition on cell proliferation of miR-137. A glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitor, SB 216763, promoted cell proliferation by upregulation of total/cytoplasmic/nuclear β-catenin and reversed tumor suppression of miR-137 mimics.ConclusionsOur data suggest that miR-137 possesses a tumor invasive suppressor function with a prognostic value in prolactinomas by targeting MITF and modulating Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway.
Thermotropic Columnar Liquid Crystals Based on Wedge-Shaped Phenylphosphonic Acids
Authors: Kumar K R Sunil , Gupta Monika , Sakamoto Takeshi , Kato Takashi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Wedge-shaped phenylphosphonic acids with variation in the peripheral alkoxy chains have been synthesized. These derivatives show a hexagonal columnar liquid-crystalline behavior upon thermal treatment. These materials have potential to be used as efficient anisotropic proton conductors.