bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking Cessation and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Cho Jun Hwan , Shin Seung Yong , Kim Hoseob , Kim Mina , Byeon Kyeongmin , Jung Moonki , Kang Ki-Woon , Lee Wang-Soo , Kim Sang-Wook , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceThe association between smoking cessation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in relation to cumulative smoking exposure remains poorly understood.ObjectiveTo evaluate the associations among smoking cessation, lifetime smoking burden, and CVD risk according to the number of years elapsed after smoking cessation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study of the Korean National Health Insurance Service database investigated smoking duration and intensity between January 2006 and December 2008. Participants were categorized by self-reported smoking habits as current, ex-, or never-smokers. Smoking records were updated every 2 years until December 2019, with participants whose smoking status changed or whose smoking status was unclear excluded. Data analysis was performed between June and December 2022.ExposuresTime-updated self-reported smoking status, years since quitting, and cumulative smoking amount (pack-years [PY]).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was incidence and hazard ratio of CVD (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure).ResultsOverall, 5 391 231 participants (39.9% male; mean [SD] age, 45.8 [14.7] years; 853 756 [15.8%] current smokers, 104 604 [1.9%] ex-smokers, and 4 432 871 [82.2%] never smokers) were followed up for a mean (SD) of 4.2 (4.4) years. The median (IQR) baseline cumulative smoking amounts were 14.0 (7.5-20.0) PY in current smokers and 10.5 (5.3-20.0) PY in ex-smokers. The median (IQR) duration of smoking cessation was 4 (2-8) years for ex-smokers. Regardless of continued smoking, a dose-dependent association was evident between smoking and incident CVD. Compared with current smokers, ex-smokers with a lifetime smoking burden of less than 8 PY (light ex-smokers) experienced a significant reduction in CVD risk within 10 years of cessation, with a CVD risk similar to that of never-smokers. Conversely, ex-smokers with at least 8 PY (heavy ex-smokers) exhibited a slower decline in CVD risk than light ex-smokers, requiring more than 25 years for the residual CVD risk to disappear.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, smoking and CVD risk exhibited a dose-dependent association, with light ex-smokers having a CVD risk similar to that of never-smokers relatively soon after smoking cessation. For heavy ex-smokers, greater than 25 years might be required for the residual CVD risk to align with that of never-smokers.
Progressive myoclonic ataxia as an initial symptom of typical type I sialidosis with NEU1 mutation
Authors: Lin Jingjing , Li Yun‐Lu , Chen Bo‐Li , Su Hui‐Zhen , Zeng Yi‐Heng , Zeng Rui‐Huang , Zhang Yu‐Duo , Chen Ru‐Kai , Cai Nai‐Qing , Chen Yi‐Kun , Yuan Ru‐Ying , Jiang Jun‐Yi , Yao Xiang‐Ping , Wang Ning , Chen Wan‐Jin , Yang Kang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveExpand genetic screening for atypical Type I sialidosis (ST‐1) could address its underdiagnosed in both progressive myoclonic ataxia (PMA) and ataxia patients. To evaluate the potential founder effect of mutation in the population.MethodsWe enrolled 231 patients with PMA or ataxia from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University. Through Whole Exome Sequencing and Sanger sequencing, we identified the causative gene in patients. Haplotype analysis was employed to explore a potential founder effect of the NEU1 c.544A>G mutation.ResultsA total of 31 patients from 23 unrelated families were genetically diagnosed with ST‐1. A significant 80.6% of these patients were homozygous for the c.544A>G mutation. We discovered six different NEU1 variants, including two novel mutations: c.951_968del and c.517T>G. The mean age of onset was 18.0 ± 7.1 years. The clinical spectrum of ST‐1 featured ataxia and myoclonus as the most common initial symptoms. Over 40% suffered from controlled generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Mobility and independence varied greatly across the cohort. Cherry‐red spots were rare, occurring in just 9.5% (2/21) of patients. Brain MRIs were typically unremarkable, except for two patients with unusual findings. EEGs showed diffuse paroxysmal activity in 17 patients. The c.544A>G mutation in NEU1 is a founder variant in Fujian, with a unique haplotype prevalent in East Asians.InterpretationST‐1 should be suspected in patients with PMA or ataxia in Southeast China, even without macular cherry‐red spots and seizures, and the premier test could be a variant screening of the founder variant NEU1 c.544A>G.
The Glade of the Chicken Computer: An Allegorical Operator's Manual
Authors: Hales Derek 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNearly two decades ago, Neil Spiller and architect and teacher Derek Hales had a conversation about analogue computers. With its Surreal and ’pataphysical concerns, the conversation resonated with Spiller and inspired his design for the Chicken Computer, one of the centrepieces of his ‘Communicating Vessels’ series of drawings and writings. Hales reflects on the curious and extraordinary ideas that this chunking engine of pecking, haptic chance provokes in him.
Inhibition of Glutamate‐to‐Glutathione Flux Promotes Tumor Antigen Presentation in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Yu Tao , Van der Jeught Kevin , Zhu Haiqi , Zhou Zhuolong , Sharma Samantha , Liu Sheng , Eyvani Haniyeh , So Ka Man , Singh Naresh , Wang Jia , Sandusky George E. , Liu Yunlong , Opyrchal Mateusz , Cao Sha , Wan Jun , Zhang Chi , Zhang Xinna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) cells display remarkable adaptability, orchestrating metabolic changes that confer growth advantages, pro‐tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic resistance. One such metabolic change occurs in glutamine metabolism. Colorectal tumors with high glutaminase (GLS) expression exhibited reduced T cell infiltration and cytotoxicity, leading to poor clinical outcomes. However, depletion of GLS in CRC cells has minimal effect on tumor growth in immunocompromised mice. By contrast, remarkable inhibition of tumor growth is observed in immunocompetent mice when GLS is knocked down. It is found that GLS knockdown in CRC cells enhanced the cytotoxicity of tumor‐specific T cells. Furthermore, the single‐cell flux estimation analysis (scFEA) of glutamine metabolism revealed that glutamate‐to‐glutathione (Glu‐GSH) flux, downstream of GLS, rather than Glu‐to‐2‐oxoglutarate flux plays a key role in regulating the immune response of CRC cells in the tumor. Mechanistically, inhibition of the Glu‐GSH flux activated reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐related signaling pathways in tumor cells, thereby increasing the tumor immunogenicity by promoting the activity of the immunoproteasome. The combinatorial therapy of Glu‐GSH flux inhibitor and anti‐PD‐1 antibody exhibited a superior tumor growth inhibitory effect compared to either monotherapy. Taken together, the study provides the first evidence pointing to Glu‐GSH flux as a potential therapeutic target for CRC immunotherapy.
Impact of Side Chains in 1‐n‐Alkylimidazolium Ionomers on Cu‐Catalyzed Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Song Young In , Yoon Bohak , Lee Chanwoo , Kim Dogyeong , Han Man Ho , Han Hyungu , Lee Woong Hee , Won Da Hye , Kim Jung Kyu , Jeon Hyo Sang , Koh Jai Hyun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study presents the impact of the side chains in 1‐n‐alkylimidazolium ionomers with varying side chain lengths (CnH2n+1 where n = 1, 4, 10, 16) on Cu‐catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). Longer side chains suppress the H2 and CH4 formation, with the n‐hexadecyl ionomer (n = 16) showing the greatest reduction in kinetics by up to 56.5% and 60.0%, respectively. On the other hand, C2H4 production demonstrates optimal Faradaic efficiency with the n‐decyl ionomer (n = 10), a substantial increase of 59.9% compared to its methyl analog (n = 1). Through a combination of density functional theory calculations and material characterization, it is revealed that the engineering of the side chains effectively modulates the thermodynamic stability of key intermediates, thus influencing the selectivity of both CO2RR and hydrogen evolution reaction. Moreover, ionomer engineering enables industrially relevant partial current density of –209.5 mA cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 52.4% for C2H4 production at 3.95 V, even with a moderately active Cu catalyst, outperforming previous benchmarks and allowing for further improvement through catalyst engineering. This study underscores the critical role of ionomers in CO2RR, providing insights into their optimal design for sustainable chemical synthesis.
Paths to learning: How residents navigate transience in supervisory relationships in the emergency department
Authors: Miller Kelsey A. , Cavallaro Sarah C. , Dorney Kate , Hirsch Alexander , Monuteaux Michael , Nagler Joshua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundStrong relationships between trainees and physician supervisors can positively influence how trainees navigate workplace learning. How trainees act and learn in clinical workplaces characterized by rapidly developing and dissolving supervisory pairings is less well understood. This study uses the emergency department (ED) to examine the impact of transient supervisory relationships on how residents approach clinical learning opportunities.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed pediatric and emergency medicine resident rotations in an urban, tertiary, academic pediatric ED between July 2018 and June 2022. Using social network analysis (SNA), we identified resident–attending dyads and patients seen by each dyad. This informed semistructured interviews to understand how transience in supervisory relationships influences how residents approach and interpret clinical experiences. With self‐determination theory as an organizing framework, the investigators performed line‐by‐line coding with constant comparative analysis which supported subsequent theoretical coding.ResultsDuring the study, 526 residents completed 1013 rotations with 87 attendings. A mean (±SD) of 25 (±7) attendings supervised a resident per rotation, with dyads caring for a mean (±SD) of 4 (±4) patients. Twelve residents were interviewed and described different paths to learning depending on the transience of their relationships with clinical supervisors. More sustained contact presented an opportunity to build competence by fostering autonomy and feedback, while briefer contact advanced residents’ competence by exposing them to variable practice patterns.ConclusionsCombining SNA with qualitative analysis revealed that residents in the ED experience a spectrum of contact with attendings and perceive different paths to learning depending on the transience of this relationship. The results suggest different educational strategies may be necessary to maximize learning depending on the length or resident–attending interactions.
Successful Pregnancy Outcome With Preconception Care in a Symptomatic Carrier of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Kinugawa Motoaki , Ichinose Mari , Matsui Haruka , Xiang Zeng , Sayama Seisuke , Toshimitsu Masatake , Seyama Takahiro , Masuda Hitomi , Matsui Hikoro , Kumasawa Keiichi , Iriyama Takayuki , Hirota Yasushi , Osuga Yutaka 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDuchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an X‐linked recessive disorder. Female carriers can manifest symptoms during pregnancy, complicating diagnosis and genetic counseling before conception. This is the first report of a DMD symptomatic carrier who was managed continuously from preconception through pregnancy for symptoms recognized before conception. A 31‐year‐old primipara woman was incidentally noted to have premature ventricular contractions, heart failure, and elevated creatine kinase levels 2 years before pregnancy. Genetic testing confirmed that the patient was a symptomatic carrier of DMD. She had no family history of muscular or cardiac disease, suggesting a de novo variant. She received genetic counseling and planned amniocentesis during pregnancy as prenatal diagnosis. After treatment with bisoprolol and flecainide, her cardiac function improved, and natural conception was achieved. Amniocentesis performed at 16 weeks of gestation indicated a 46, XX karyotype, leading to the decision to continue the pregnancy. From week 16 to 21, the fetus exhibited bradycardia due to blocked premature atrial contraction, which later improved, although the atrioventricular interval was prolonged. The mother delivered vaginally without any complications, and the infant's atrioventricular interval normalized. Preconceptional diagnosis and treatment for DMD carrier status are crucial for shared decision‐making and to achieve favorable perinatal outcomes.
Improving the Cellular Internalization of Zr(IV) Nanocages by Tuning Hydrophilicity and Lipophilicity
Authors: Du Shunfu , Lyu Jinxiao , Yu Zhenfeng , Su Kongzhao , Wang Wenjing , Zhang Xuanjun , Yuan Daqiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNanoscale molecular materials have emerged as a new class of compounds at the nanometer scale with well‐defined chemical structures, remarkable uniformity and high reproducibility. Among these materials, zirconium‐based metal‐organic cages (MOCs) have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional stability and applications in catalysis, recognition and separation and so on. However, their poor water solubility impedes their biomedical applications. In this study, decorating the ligand with Ru(II) complexes can not only improve the water solubility but also endow bright red fluorescence with large Stokes shift (180 nm). Notably, butyl‐modification of the cyclopentadiene rings can significantly enhance the cell uptake (100 folds) of nanocages via actin‐ and dynamin‐mediated endocytosis. The unique advantages and easy modifiability of these nanocages make them highly promising candidates for diverse biological applications.
Synergistic Effects of Cerium and Strontium Promoters on Copper‐Modified Iron‐Based Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts
Authors: Rahimi Mashkaleh Marziyeh , Zamani Yahya , Baniyaghoob Sahar , Ganji Babakhani Ensiyeh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAs the world shifts towards renewable and sustainable energy sources, converting syngas into hydrocarbons using Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts is crucial. In this work, a series of copper‐modified iron‐based catalysts with cerium and strontium promoters supported on γ‐Alumina as follows were prepared using a wet‐impregnation method: FCA (18Fe/4Cu/γ‐Al2O3), FCCA (18Fe/4Cu/2Ce/γ‐Al2O3), FCSA (18Fe/4Cu/2Sr/γ‐Al2O3), and FCCSA (18Fe/4Cu/1Ce/1Sr/γ‐Al2O3). The phase, structure, and morphology of the catalysts were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES), hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), and hydrogen temperature‐programmed desorption (H2‐TPD). The impacts of Ce and Sr, individually and in combination, on the structure, adsorption, reduction, and catalytic performance of the catalysts were evaluated in a fixed bed reactor at 300°C, 2.0‐MPa pressure, a time of stream of 168 h, and an H2/CO ratio of 1. The CO conversion and product selectivity were calculated using gas chromatography results, highlighting the synergistic effect of Ce and Sr promoters on hydrocarbon product distribution. The doubly promoted FCCSA catalyst exhibited a high CO conversion rate of 77.65%, CO2 selectivity of 43.5%, C2‐C4 selectivity of 55.89%, C5+ selectivity of 85.62.0%, and a yield of 43.19%, surpassing FCA, FCCA, and FCSA catalysts. Similar characteristics, CO conversion, and product selectivity were achieved for FCCSA during long‐term 336‐h FTS runs, indicating stability.
Preparation and performance comparison of low‐dielectric epoxy resins cured by naphthalene‐ and phenyl‐based active esters
Authors: Zhu Youwei , Liu Jiaming , Qin Jingjing , Wang Dingsong , Li Wanyan , Xu Chang‐An , Liang Liyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe poor dielectric properties of epoxy resins limit their application in microelectronics, and active ester curing agent is an effective means to enhance the dielectric properties of epoxy resins. However, the phenyl active ester curing resins nowadays have the problem of low mechanical properties. In this work, a novel naphthalene‐based active ester‐cured resveratrol epoxy resin system (REP/NDA) was prepared for the first time. Compared with the phenyl‐active ester‐cured epoxy resin (REP/PDA), the naphthyl‐active ester prepared epoxy resin has obvious advantages in mechanical properties. The experimental results indicated a tensile strength measurement for REP/NDA at 91.9 MPa, the tensile strength of REP/PDA was 65.3 MPa, and the tensile strength of REP/NDA was 141% of that of REP/PDA. The prepared REP/NDA epoxy resin exhibits favorable dielectric properties, evidenced by a dielectric constant of 3.02 at 10 MHz and a dielectric loss of 0.0042, very good thermal stability (T5% of 379°C), excellent water absorption (only 0.49% for 7 days from 2 to 8°C) and good dimensional stability (coefficient of thermal expansion below Tg of 77 ppm). The first synthesis of naphthalene‐based active ester curing agent offers a reference for creating new low dielectric epoxy resin materials that work out exceptionally.
Acid‐doped polyaniline and its vertically aligned SWCNT composites: Influence of acid type and concentration on structural and electrochemical properties
Authors: Hai Jiawei , Zhan Chuang , Chen Xunwei , Qiu Biwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study explores how acid type (hydrochloric acid [HCl], p‐toluenesulfonic acid [TSA], and formic acid [FA]) and concentration affect the structure of polyaniline (PANI) and the electrochemical properties of its composite with vertically aligned single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). PANI doped with TSA (PANI‐TSA) exhibited improved dispersion and conjugation attributed to the larger anion volume, which mitigates interchain spacing, in contrast to PANI doped with HCl (PANI‐HCl) and FA (PANI‐FA). Additionally, varying the organic acid concentration affected PANI's morphology and the concentration of quinone structure, with TSA leading to a fibrous structure and enhanced electrochemical characteristics. The study further investigated the SWCNTs/PANI composite, revealing that higher TSA concentrations enhance conductivity and specific capacitance of the composite membrane due to sulfonic acid group. Notably, HCl‐based SWCNTs/PANI only at higher acid concentrations exhibits superior electrochemical characteristics than TSA‐based SWCNTs/PANI, achieving charge transfer resistance down to 5.514 Ω cm2 at 1.0 mol/L. Moreover, applying an electric field during membrane synthesis significantly increased the specific capacitance of composite prepared with PANI‐TSA, highlighting the role of voltage in optimizing electron transport efficiency within the composite.
Targeting Long Noncoding RNA H19 in Subchondral Bone Osteocytes and the Alleviation of Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Rongliang , Mehrjou Babak , Dehghan‐Banian Dorsa , Wang Belle Yu Hsuan , Li Qiangqiang , Deng Shuai , Liu Chuanhai , Zhang Zhe , Zhu Yanlun , Wang Haixing , Li Dan , Lu Xiaomin , Cheng Jack Chun Yiu , Ong Michael Tim Yun , Chan Hon Fai , Li Gang , Chu Paul K. , Lee Wayne Yuk Wai 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveEmerging evidence suggests long noncoding RNA H19 is associated with osteoarthritis (OA) pathology. However, how H19 contributes to OA has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the biologic function of H19 in OA subchondral bone remodeling and OA progression.MethodsClinical joint samples and OA animal models induced by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) were used to verify the causal relationship between osteocyte H19 and OA subchondral bone and cartilage changes. MLO‐Y4 osteocyte cells subjected to fluid shear stress were used to verify the mechanism underlying H19‐mediated mechanoresponse. Finally, the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) against H19 was delivered to mice knee joints by magnetic metal–organic framework (MMOF) nanoparticles to develop a site‐specific delivery method for targeting osteocyte H19 for OA treatment.ResultsBoth clinical OA subchondral bone and wildtype mice with DMM‐induced OA exhibit aberrant higher subchondral bone mass, with more H19 mice expressing osteocytes. On the contrary, mice with osteocyte‐specific deletion of H19 are less vulnerable to DMM‐induced OA phenotype. In MLO‐Y4 cells, H19‐mediated osteocyte mechanoresponse through PI3K/AKT/GSK3 signal activation by EZH2‐induced H3K27me3 regulation on protein phosphatase 2A inhibition. Targeted inhibition of H19 (using ASO‐loaded MMOF) substantially alleviates subchondral bone remodeling and OA phenotype.ConclusionIn summary, our results provide new evidence that the elevated H19 expression in osteocytes may contribute to aberrant subchondral bone remodeling and OA progression. H19 appears to be required for the osteocyte response to mechanical stimulation, and targeting H19 represents a new promising approach for OA treatment.image
MOF−Derived Core‐Shell La(OH)3@Cu(OH)2/Co(OH)2 Heterostructure for Supercapacitors
Authors: Khalafallah Diab , Zhang Yunxiang , Zhang Qinfang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStructural metal‐organic framework (MOF)‐based pseudocapacitive components have exhibited significant potential for supercapacitors. Herein, a highly functioning vertically aligned La(OH)3@Cu(OH)2/Co(OH)2 core‐shell composite was in situ yielded from the template Co MOF‐74 frameworks on the nickel foam (Co MOF/NF) via a dual approach of heterointerfacing and structural engineering. The sacrificial template Co MOF/NF microrods were converted into binary hydroxide Cu(OH)2/Co(OH)2/NF (Cu/Co/NF) junction with spatial nanogranule self‐assembled microrods‐like structure through a cation exchange reaction. Subsequently, the binary hydroxide Cu/Co junction was employed as a backbone to stabilize La(OH)3 species via an electrodeposition process, forming a heterostructural La(OH)3@Cu/Co/NF (La@Cu/Co/NF) core‐shell composite. Preliminary electrochemical analysis demonstrates the efficiency of the binder‐free La@Cu/Co/NF core‐shell electrode, revealing a specific capacitance value of 874.8 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and high rate ability (65.2 % capacitance retention at 30 A g−1). Hence, it combines rich electrochemical reactive sites for Faradaic redox reactions and the favorable synergistic effect of integrated constituents. The configured La@Cu/Co/NF//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device boasts a maximum voltage window of 1.55 V, acquiring an energy density of 43.9 Wh kg−1 at 775 W kg−1. Besides, the device maintains a capacitance retention rate of 76.4 % even after enduring 11,000 charge‐discharge cycles, suggesting good long‐term durability.