bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Original Monovalent and Bivalent COVID‐19 Vaccines Against COVID‐19‐Associated Hospitalization and Severe In‐Hospital Outcomes Among Adults in the United States, September 2022–August 2023
Authors: DeCuir Jennifer , Surie Diya , Zhu Yuwei , Lauring Adam S. , Gaglani Manjusha , McNeal Tresa , Ghamande Shekhar , Peltan Ithan D. , Brown Samuel M. , Ginde Adit A. , Steinwand Aimee , Mohr Nicholas M. , Gibbs Kevin W. , Hager David N. , Ali Harith , Frosch Anne , Gong Michelle N. , Mohamed Amira , Johnson Nicholas J. , Srinivasan Vasisht , Steingrub Jay S. , Khan Akram , Busse Laurence W. , Duggal Abhijit , Wilson Jennifer G. , Qadir Nida , Chang Steven Y. , Mallow Christopher , Kwon Jennie H. , Exline Matthew C. , Shapiro Nathan I. , Columbus Cristie , Vaughn Ivana A. , Ramesh Mayur , Safdar Basmah , Mosier Jarrod M. , Casey Jonathan D. , Talbot H. Keipp , Rice Todd W. , Halasa Natasha , Chappell James D. , Grijalva Carlos G. , Baughman Adrienne , Womack Kelsey N. , Rhoads Jillian P. , Swan Sydney A. , Johnson Cassandra , Lewis Nathaniel , Ellington Sascha , Dawood Fatimah S. , McMorrow Meredith , Self Wesley H. ,   for the Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAssessments of COVID‐19 vaccine effectiveness are needed to monitor the protection provided by updated vaccines against severe COVID‐19. We evaluated the effectiveness of original monovalent and bivalent (ancestral strain and Omicron BA.4/5) COVID‐19 vaccination against COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization and severe in‐hospital outcomes.MethodsDuring September 8, 2022 to August 31, 2023, adults aged ≥ 18 years hospitalized with COVID‐19‐like illness were enrolled at 26 hospitals in 20 US states. Using a test‐negative case–control design, we estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) with multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, admission date, and geographic region.ResultsAmong 7028 patients, 2924 (41.6%) were COVID‐19 case patients, and 4104 (58.4%) were control patients. Compared to unvaccinated patients, absolute VE against COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization was 6% (−7%–17%) for original monovalent doses only (median time since last dose [IQR] = 421 days [304–571]), 52% (39%–61%) for a bivalent dose received 7–89 days earlier, and 13% (−10%–31%) for a bivalent dose received 90–179 days earlier. Absolute VE against COVID‐19‐associated invasive mechanical ventilation or death was 51% (34%–63%) for original monovalent doses only, 61% (35%–77%) for a bivalent dose received 7–89 days earlier, and 50% (11%–71%) for a bivalent dose received 90–179 days earlier.ConclusionBivalent vaccination provided protection against COVID‐19‐associated hospitalization and severe in‐hospital outcomes within 3 months of receipt, followed by a decline in protection to a level similar to that remaining from previous original monovalent vaccination by 3–6 months. These results underscore the benefit of remaining up to date with recommended COVID‐19 vaccines.
A Ritornello Pedagogy: Troubling School Art Orthodoxies
Authors: Sowerby Georgia , Millett Tabitha 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the studio, there are routines and rituals to be observed. One of those is making gesso. The quantities change each time and the ingredients vary, but the mechanical process remains the same: soak rabbit skin glue for 3 hours, double burner melt the glue, sieve in champagne chalk whiting, stir slowly, and tap the sides to remove air bubbles. Brush on first layer. Dry. Sand. Repeat × 10. Out of repetition each new territory is unique with its own lumps, drips and curves on a straight edge board. Making gesso is a kind of ritornello. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari, a ritornello is a repetition leading to a transformation; it is a methodical kind of time that is rhythmic, local and spatiotemporal. It contravenes the idea of a universal, overarching time to consider heterogeneous, plural experiences of time in the art classroom. Ritornellos exist in both the studio and the art classroom, but in the art classroom, they often sediment into endless repetitions without rupture: tonal scales, colour wheels, drawing grids and pastiche. We apply the concept of ritornello to pedagogy in Secondary Art and Design education to think about school art orthodoxies and how they can be reterritorialised.
Methods of Calculating Prediction Error Variance and Prediction Accuracy for Restricted Best Linear Unbiased Prediction of Breeding Values
Authors: Satoh Masahiro 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrediction error variance (PEV) and prediction accuracy (PA) of breeding values (BVs) are essential for formulating breeding plans and predicting response to selection. However, restricted best linear unbiased prediction method (RBLUP method) carries many unknowns: in particular, the formulas for calculating PEV and PA are not clear. New findings were obtained using the RBLUP method. The uniqueness of RBLUP of BVs was proven. The formulas of PEV and PA for the RBLUP of BVs were derived from restricted mixed model equations. A method was also devised for easily calculating the PEV and PA for the RBLUP of BVs. Finally, the relationship between the RBLUP and ordinary BLUP of BVs was derived. It has become easier to calculate the PEV and PA for the RBLUP of BVs. This method is particularly effective for calculating the PEV and PA when applying the RBLUP method to achieve relative desired changes in all traits. This has also made it possible to predict the response to selection using the RBLUP method.
Optimization of emergency material distribution routes in flood disaster with truck‐speedboat‐drone coordination
Authors: Gong Ying , Wang Weili , Zhou Yufeng , Cheng Jiahao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo improve the effectiveness of flood disaster relief operations, by ensuring timely and accurate delivery of urgently needed supplies to affected areas, this study focuses on the problem of emergency material distribution during floods. With the objective of minimizing the overall delivery time of emergency materials, we propose a coordinated optimization model that integrates trucks, speedboats, and drones for effective distribution of emergency supplies in flood‐affected areas. To solve this optimization problem, we introduce an improved adaptive large neighborhood search (IALNS) algorithm, which builds on the traditional ALNS framework through refined tuning of deletion and insertion operators. Comparative analyses are conducted with a genetic algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, and tabu search algorithm. The results reveal that the average performance gap of IALNS compared to these methods is 91.13%, 152.72%, and 16.92%, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the efficiency of the proposed model and algorithm in addressing the emergency supply distribution problem during flood disasters, highlighting the superior performance of IALNS. This research contributes to enhancing disaster response strategies, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for flood‐affected communities.
Long‐term clinical and endoscopic outcomes of ustekinumab in pediatric Crohn's disease with anti‐tumor necrosis factor failure
Authors: Yamamoto Yoko , Takeuchi Ichiro , Shimizu Hirotaka , Fujikawa Hiroki , Toda Masanori , Miyata Eri , To Hiroaki , Nagata Satoru , Arai Katsuhiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackground and AimOnly a few studies have reported the long‐term effects of ustekinumab on pediatric Crohn's disease. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the long‐term clinical and endoscopic outcomes of ustekinumab and its safety profile in pediatric‐onset Crohn's disease with anti‐tumor necrosis factor failure.MethodsMedical records of patients with pediatric‐onset Crohn's disease in whom anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy failed and ustekinumab treatment was initiated from 2017 to 2022 at a Japanese tertiary children's hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was the continuation rates at weeks 8, 52, and 106. The secondary outcomes were the steroid‐free remission rates at weeks 8, 52, and 106, changes in the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease, and adverse events during follow‐up.ResultsForty‐three patients were enrolled. The median ages at diagnosis and ustekinumab introduction were 9.7 (interquartile range: 6.7–13.0) years and 13.6 (interquartile range: 8.0–16.0) years. The median follow‐up period was 136 (interquartile range: 102–172) weeks. The continuation rates were 100%, 91%, and 80% at weeks 8, 52, and 106, respectively. The incidence of discontinuation was 6.2% per patient‐year of follow‐up. The steroid‐free remission rates were 44%, 71%, and 80% at weeks 8, 52, and 106, respectively. The Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease of patients in clinical remission at the last follow‐up significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the safety profile was acceptable.ConclusionsUstekinumab appeared effective in maintaining long‐term clinical remission with endoscopic improvement in pediatric‐onset Crohn's disease with anti‐tumor necrosis factor failure.
Management of inoperable malignant bowel obstruction using the 4‐step BOUNCED diet
Authors: Allan Lindsey , Hatchett Naomi , Skene Simon S. , Eastley Kate Bennett , Michael Agnieszka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMalignant bowel obstruction (MBO) presents with multiple symptoms. The 4‐step BOUNCED diet educates patients to self‐manage oral intake according to symptoms. It includes clear fluids, thin liquids, purée and soft, sloppy foods, which are low in fibre.MethodsThis mixed methods single‐arm feasibility study aimed to establish if the diet could reduce MBO symptoms in patients with inoperable colorectal and gynaecological malignancies. The secondary objectives were to investigate if it was easily followed, improved quality of life (QOL) and reduced hospital admissions. Patients able to tolerate an oral diet with one or more symptoms (pain, bloating, early satiety, nausea and vomiting) were eligible. Following informed consent, an oncology dietitian took a diet history and determined which step of the diet they needed to follow using a detailed patient information leaflet. Patients remained on the trial for 28 days. Symptom and QOL data were collected on Days 1 and 28 using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC‐QLQ‐C30) questionnaires.ResultsThirty patients (24 female, 6 male) aged 18–85 years consented from March 2021 to November 2022. Twenty‐six participants completed the trial and 25 found the diet very easy or easy to understand. There was a significant reduction in pain from 96% on Day 1 to 63% on Day 28 (p = 0.004). The mean increase of EORTC global health status/QOL was 23.5 points, 95% CI (12.4–32.5) (p ≤ 0.001). There was a significant difference between number of admissions (p = 0.018) and bed days (p = 0.004) in the 28 days prior to consent compared to the trial period.ConclusionsA modified consistency low‐fibre diet is easily followed, may reduce symptoms of MBO, admissions to hospital and improve QOL.
Material flow and supply–demand feature of thulium in China
Authors: Zhang Tianyu , Dong Huijuan , Geng Yong , Li Jinze 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLimited insights have been obtained regarding the flows and stocks of thulium, the scarcest rare earth element. Thus, this study quantifies the thulium material flow from 2011 to 2020 in China, the largest thulium producer and reserve holder. Dynamic material flow analysis method is used and the demand and supply pattern of China's thulium is clarified. Results reveal that the final demand for thulium grows at an annual rate of 6.2%, reaching from 121 tonnes in 2011 to 208 tonnes in 2020, driven mainly by laser‐related end‐use sectors. Accumulative 1506 tonnes (80.7%) of domestically produced thulium in China originates from illegal mining during 2011–2020. This, combined with imported thulium compounds, bridges the significant gap between final demand and domestic legal supply. Moreover, 1422 tonnes of thulium are stocked in end‐use sectors by 2020, with 30.8% in fiber‐optic communication sector. A supply–demand gap has emerged since 2016 with thulium demand surpassing its domestic supply, which is projected to further widen in the future. Measures like promoting recycling and recovery, optimizing the trade patterns, and exploring material and technology substitution are proposed to mitigate such a gap.
Development and evaluation of the Trauma Screener‐Intellectual Disability: a post‐traumatic stress disorder screening tool for adults with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning
Authors: Versluis A. , Schuengel C. , Mevissen L. , de Jongh A. , Didden R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the adult self‐report and proxy version of the Trauma Screener‐Intellectual Disability (TS‐ID) in adults with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MID‐BIF). An optimal cut‐off value was determined for the ratio of specificity to sensitivity for predicting the diagnosis of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsThe TS‐ID was adapted from a Dutch Child and Adolescent Trauma Screener, for use with adults with MID‐BIF. Outcomes based on the TS‐ID were compared with the presence of PTSD, as classified using the Diagnostic Interview Trauma and Stressors–Intellectual Disability (Mevissen et al. 2018). The TS‐ID adult version was administered to 97 participants with MID‐BIF who lived in supported housing, whereas the TS‐ID proxy version was administered to 92 family members or professional caregivers.ResultsThe TS‐ID adult version showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .94) and excellent validity (AUC = .94) for distinguishing PTSD in adults with MID‐BIF. Optimal specificity and sensitivity was found at a cut‐off score of 18. Although the TS‐ID proxy version demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .93), it showed no validity in statistically distinguishing PTSD in adults with MID‐BIF.ConclusionsThe TS‐ID showed favourable psychometric qualities as a screening instrument of PTSD in the case for people with MID‐BIF.
Reevaluating the variation of cesarean scar defect
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThe increasing incidence of cesarean sections has led to a higher prevalence of cesarean scar defects (CSDs), predominantly characterized by postmenstrual bleeding in affected women. CSD manifests in various forms, including isolated myometrial defects, intrauterine cystic protrusions, and extrauterine cystic extensions. The pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning CSD and its associated symptoms remain insufficiently understood. This review explores the pathogenesis of CSD, highlights its morphological characteristics with an emphasis on variable clinical diversity, and addresses the challenges for future research.MethodsA comprehensive narrative review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, to identify 41 relevant literatures published up to December 31, 2023.ResultsThe myometrium comprises two distinct layers—the inner and outer myometrium—with differences in their origin, structure, and function. Disruptions within these layers contribute to CSD development. Histopathologically, symptomatic CSD may be linked to uterine scar endometriosis, cystic adenomyosis, or endometrial cysts, suggesting that CSD, particularly those necessitating surgical intervention, are not limited to myometrial defects but may also involve iatrogenic endometriosis or adenomyosis, thereby exacerbating clinical symptoms.ConclusionThis review provides an updated understanding of the histopathological features and classification of CSD, with an emphasis on elucidating its underlying pathogenesis.
Gender quotas influence the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions: A signalling approach
Authors: Shemla Meir , Ihmels Anika , Wegge Juergen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this research we address the ongoing debate about the existence of the glass‐cliff phenomenon by investigating boundary conditions and mechanisms influencing its persistence and decline. Drawing on signalling theory, we hypothesize that the glass‐cliff's presence fluctuates with the clarity of signals associated with appointing women board members at various stages of quota policy implementation. In Study 1, we analyzed a dataset of 258 board appointments in German‐listed companies from 2003 to 2020. We found that women executives were more likely to be appointed following periods of declining performance during Stage 1 (pre‐quota announcement) and Stage 3 (post‐quota enforcement), but not in Stage 2 (post‐announcement, pre‐enforcement). In Study 2, an experiment with 476 respondents, we tested for changes in signal clarity as an underlying mechanism. Results indicate that signal clarity associated with appointing women following performance decline is influenced by quota policies. Signal clarity was highest during stages 1 and 3, but diminished in Stage 2. These findings support the signalling explanation for the glass‐cliff, highlighting that its occurrence is influenced by country‐level policies and emphasizing that the symbolic value of appointing women to board positions as indicators of change depends on the clarity of these signals.
A narrative review of monogenic disorders causing nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney disease
Authors: Assadi Farahnak , Faghihi Toktam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe incidence and prevalence of genetic diseases associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been increasing over the last decades. To identify the monogenic causes of kidney stone disorders linked to CKD, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify monogenic genes causing nephrolithiasis and CKD. Among 41 identifiable monogenic causes of nephrolithiasis the following diseases primary hyperoxaluria familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis, cystinuria; Dent disease, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, and idiopathic Infantile hypercalciuria have been linked to CKD and may progress to end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). Autosomal dominant hypocalcemia and Bartter syndrome (BS) are also hereditary kidney diseases that can cause urolithiasis but are rarely associated with CKD. A few BS type III can be complicated with CKD. A substantial number of kidney stone patients with genetic disorders progress to CKD. Genetic diagnosis should be initiated in all children presenting with kidney stones.
Autophagy is essential for somatic embryogenesis in citrus through regulating amyloplast degradation and lipid homeostasis
Authors: Gao Erlin , Zhao Yunju , Wu Mengxia , Wang Kun , Zheng Qiwei , Li Yanlong , Qu Xiaolu , Wu Xiaomeng , Guo Wenwu , Wang Pengwei 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway that regulates the clearance of paternal substrate at the early embryogenesis stage of animals. However, its mode of action is likely different in plants, which can regenerate through apomixis without fertilisation.
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a unique plant process widely used for plant propagation and germplasm utilisation. Here, we studied citrus as an example and found a higher autophagic activity after SE initiation. Interestingly, amyloplasts were frequently found inside autophagosomes, whereas the inhibition of autophagy blocks amyloplasts/starch degradation and hinders somatic embryo formation.
Furthermore, the consumption of storage lipids was faster in autophagy mutants, suggesting lipid metabolism is activated when starch utilisation is blocked. Exogenous application of autophagy‐inducing chemicals (e.g. spermidine) significantly promoted the formation of autophagosomes and increased SE efficiency, indicating a positive correlation between autophagy, energy metabolism, and somatic embryo formation in citrus.
Taken together, our study unveils a pathway for the degradation of plant‐specific organelles and provides an effective approach for plant propagation.
The HIAL storm: Resisting the technological transformation of air traffic control
Authors: Thomas Huw , Turnbull Peter 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhether and under what conditions the implementation of technology can be resisted hinges on how labour can mobilise structural, associational, institutional, coalitional and ideational power resources. The failed attempt of Highlands and Islands Airports Limited (HIAL) to create a remote tower centre at Inverness to control air traffic at seven regional airports, with the loss of well‐paid jobs in local communities, demonstrates the importance of the composition and interaction of different power resources. By analysing a group of workers with abundant power resources during a ‘storm’ as well as a period of calm, we demonstrate how different power resources can complement but also compromise workers' interests, thereby explaining why unions might be hesitant to utilise specific resources over time and place.
Implementation and Impact of a Lifting Cushion for Care Home Residents Who Have Fallen
Authors: Houghton Rianne , Cowdell Fiona , Fry David , Dyson Judith 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionFalls are a global public health problem and the second leading cause of death from unintentional injury. Globally, approximately 30%–50% of people living in nursing or residential care homes fall each year. Falls have an impact on quality of life and morbidity. Prevention of falls is gold standard care. When falls do occur, implementation of safe strategies to help the person rise is required. Structured risk assessment and the use of a ‘lifting’ cushion are one such strategy.AimsTo evaluate the impact of the lifting cushion on management of falls and assess barriers and facilitators to staff use of the lifting cushion in 18 care homes.MethodsTwo‐phase study involving (i) capturing quantitative pre‐ and post‐cushion implementation data along with comparison of means testing and (ii) theoretically underpinned qualitative semi‐structured interviews to explore barriers and facilitators to cushion implementation with inductive and deductive data analysis.ResultsThe cushion was used a total of 32 times out of 567 post‐implementation recorded falls (6% of all falls). Barriers and facilitators to cushion use aligned to the Theoretical Domains Framework include knowledge, skills and confidence, emotion, beliefs about safety and decision processes, environmental context and resources and social influences.ConclusionThe lifting cushion was poorly adopted. Identified barriers to adoption would not be addressed using routine train and cascade processes. We identified facilitators that could be enhanced to promote uptake. Theoretically underpinned implementation strategies, tailored to assess determinants, are known to be more effective; however, this approach has rarely been used in care homes. We have demonstrated a structured approach to implementation of cushion use; this may be transferable to other care home practices.Implications for PracticeCae home leaders should be aware that giving information alone will not change practice. Implementation or improvement strategies will be more effective.