bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The design of the dual band folded dipole antenna with a parabolic curved reflector
Authors: Park Jae‐Sung , Choi Hak‐Keun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article proposed a dual band dipole antenna with a curved reflector that can be used in the wireless local area network (WLAN). The shape of the proposed antenna is similar to quasi‐yagi antenna as it combines the dipole antenna with folded dipole.When designing the antenna with a reflector using the standard antenna reflector uses a 2.45 GHz band, and the size of the band used here was relatively large at 5.5 GHz. As a result, a null occurred in the main lobe of the radiation pattern at the 5.5 GHz band, which ultimately reduced the gain. To solve this problem, a parabolic curved reflector was applied in this study. The designed antenna satisfied the condition of return loss smaller than −10 dB at the 2.45 GHz and 5.5 GHz WLAN bands. The gain of the antenna was larger than 8 dBi at 2.45 GHz and at 5.5 GHz.
Design and development of ultrawideband‐stacked triangular prism‐shaped dielectric resonator antenna
Authors: Trivedi Kedar , Pujara Dhaval 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this letter, a stacked triangular prism shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed for ultrawideband (UWB) applications. A combination of three techniques namely, stacking of DRAs, introduction of triangular shaped conformal patch loop excited by coaxial feed, and fractal geometries are utilized on triangular prism shaped DRA to achieve UWB. Improvement in bandwidth (BW) is achieved by introduction of triangular shaped fractal slots and by sandwiching low permittivity DR material is sandwiched between two high permittivity DR materials. Finally, by introduction of triangular loop shaped conformal patch, UWB is achieved. The proposed antenna is fabricated and measured impedance BW of about 120.9% covering frequency range from 3.3 to 13.4 GHz (C‐ and X‐band) is achieved. 98.8% radiation efficiency and average gain of 7 dBi has been achieved over the entire frequency band of interest. Discussions on various design parameters and its associated results are included in this letter.
Topology optimization and experimental verification of compact E‐plane waveguide filters
Authors: Nielsen Daniel Gert , Pedersen Søren Damgaard , Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Johansen Villads Egede , Sigmund Ole , Aage Niels 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article presents a numerical method to design compact E‐plane waveguide filters. The key feature of the proposed method is that the conducting layout of the filters is automatically determined based on a desired filter characteristic. This extreme level of design freedom is obtained using the numerical optimization technique called topology optimization. The filters are complex in shape but easy to mass‐produce with low‐cost conventional methods. The method is verified experimentally by measurement of responses similar to the numerical predictions.
Influence of chromatin compaction on simulated early radiation‐induced DNA damage using Geant4‐DNA
Authors: Tang N. , Bueno M. , Meylan S. , Incerti S. , Tran H. N. , Vaurijoux A. , Gruel G. , Villagrasa C. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeIn this work, we present simulated double‐strand breaks (DSBs) obtained for two human cell nucleus geometries. The first cell nucleus represents fibroblasts, filled with DNA molecules in different compaction forms: heterochromatin or euchromatin only. The second one represents an endothelial cell nucleus, either filled with heterochromatin only or with a uniform distribution of 48% of heterochromatin and 52% of euchromatin, obtained from measurements carried out at IRSN. Protons and alpha particles of different energies were used as projectiles. Each cell nucleus model includes a multi‐scale description of the DNA target from the molecular level to the whole human genome representation.MethodsThe cell nucleus models were generated using an extended version of the DnaFabric software in which a new model of euchromatin was implemented in addition to the existing model of heterochromatin. Thus, each nucleus model contains the complete human genome (a total of 6 Gbp) in the G0/G1 phase of the cycle, filled with a continuous chromatin fiber per chromosome that can take into account the heterochromatin and the euchromatin compaction. These geometries were then exported to a simulation chain using the Monte Carlo toolkit Geant4‐DNA to perform computations of the physical, physicochemical, and chemical stages, in order to evaluate the influence of chromatin compaction on DSB induction and the contribution of direct and indirect damage, as well as DSB complexity.ResultsMore direct damage and less indirect damage were observed in the heterochromatin than in the euchromatin. Nevertheless, no difference in terms of DSB complexity was observed between those formed in the heterochromatin or the euchromatin models. Yields of DSB/Gy/Gbp show an increase when both heterochromatin and euchromatin models are taken into account, compared to when only heterochromatin is considered.ConclusionsThe results presented indicate that the chromatin compaction decreases DNA damage generated by ionizing radiation and thus, DNA compaction should be considered for the simulation of DNA repair and other cellular outcomes.
Dynamic metabolic imaging of copolarized [2‐13C]pyruvate and [1,4‐13C2]fumarate using 3D‐spiral CSI with alternate spectral band excitation
Authors: Singh Maninder , Josan Sonal , Zhu Minjie , Jhajharia Aditya , Mayer Dirk 
Published: January 2019

PurposeDeveloping a method for simultaneous metabolic imaging of copolarized [2‐13C]pyruvate and [1,4‐13C2]fumarate without chemical shift displacement artifacts that also permits different excitation flip angles for substrates and their metabolic products.MethodsThe proposed pulse sequence consists of 2 frequency‐selective radiofrequency pulses to alternatingly excite 2 spectral sub‐bands each one followed by a fast 3D spiral CSI (3D‐spCSI) readout. Spectrally selective radiofrequency pulses were designed to excite differential flip angles on substrates and products in each spectral sub‐band. Number of signal averages analysis was used to determine a spectral width suitable to resolve the metabolites of interest in each of the sub‐bands.ResultsPhantom experiments verified the copolarization strategy and radiofrequency pulse design following differential flip angle used in our method. The signal behavior of the resonances in each sub‐band was unaffected by the excitation of the respective alternate frequency band. Dynamic 3D 13C CSI data demonstrated the ability of the sequence to image metabolites like pyruvate‐hydrate, lactate, alanine, fumarate, and malate simultaneously and detect metabolic changes in the liver in a rat model of carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver damage.ConclusionThe presented method allows the dynamic CSI of a mixture of [2‐13C]pyruvate and [1,4‐13C2]fumarate without chemical shift displacement artifacts while also permitting the use of different flip angles for substrate and product signals. The method is potentially useful for combined in vivo imaging of inflammation and cell necrosis.
Growth Performance of Bluntnose Black Bream, Channel Catfish, Yellow Catfish, and Largemouth Bass Reared in the In-Pond Raceway Recirculating Culture System
Authors: Wang Yuyu , Xu Gangchun , Nie Zhijuan , Shao Nailin , Li, Quanjie , Xu Pao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In China, the in-pond raceway system (IPRS) is a novel aquaculture model that was designed to better control water movement to improve water quality and allow for increased stocking density, thus increasing production efficiency and profitability compared to conventional earthen ponds. In this study, two IPRSs were constructed in a 4.13-ha, annular ecological ditch (circumference waterway) with a mean water depth of 2.5 m. Each raceway (220 m3) consisted of an air-lift area, a fish culture area, and a waste-collecting area. The air-lift system was used to circulate and aerate the water through the culture area, producing a water velocity of 0.03 m/s and a water flow rate of 18 m3/min. This flow rate was equivalent to an average water exchange every 12.2 min for each raceway. Bluntnose Black Bream Megalobrama amblycephala (initial weight = 90 g), Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus (initial weight = 150 g), Yellow Catfish Tachysurus fulvidraco (initial weight = 12 g), and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (initial weight = 10 g) were reared at densities of 16.36, 13.64, 4.36, and 1.14 kg/m3, respectively, with duplicate raceways for each fish species in the IPRSs. The experiment duration for these species was 176, 389, 208, and 412 d, respectively. Total harvest weight was 21,840 kg (5,288 kg/ha) for Bluntnose Black Bream, 17,850 kg (4,322 kg/ha) for Channel Catfish, 12,960 kg (3,138 kg/ha) for Yellow Catfish, and 10,750 kg (2,603 kg/ha) for Largemouth Bass. Daily weight gain for the four species was 2.90, 2.31, 0.81, and 1.19 g·fish−1·d−1, respectively, and the feed conversion ratio was 1.50, 1.85, 1.51, and 1.22, respectively. These results indicate a high potential for more controllable and efficient production of fish in the IPRSs. Design and engineering modifications need to be enhanced in the future to improve IPRS production capabilities.
Use of the new pediatric PROMIS measures of pain and physical experiences for children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Singh Ashima , DasGupta Mahua , Simpson Pippa M. , Panepinto Julie A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are new pediatric domains to measure patients’ pain and physical experiences in the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). The objective of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of these domains for children with sickle cell disease (SCD).ProcedureWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of PROMIS assessments of children with SCD recruited from a pediatric tertiary care clinic. Validity of the new PROMIS domains was determined by comparing scores between known groups and describing their correlations with previously validated PROMIS measures. Cronbach's alpha and item response theory (IRT) reliability were used to assess internal consistency reliability. Agreement between parent‐proxy and child self‐report was determined for all domains.ResultsOur study included 164 subjects, of whom 117 were eligible to self‐report. The mean T‐scores for physical stress experience, strength impact, pain behavior, and pain quality sensory scores were significantly different between children who used pain medications in the prior week and those who did not. There were also differences in T‐scores across children reporting mild, moderate, and severe pain on the pain intensity scale. All measures had Cronbach's alpha and IRT reliability > 0.80. The percentage of agreement between child and parent‐proxy PROMIS domains ranged from 36% to 60% depending on the domain.ConclusionsThe new PROMIS domains of physical stress experience, strength impact, pain behavior, and pain quality sensory domains are valid and reliable for children with SCD. The low–moderate agreement between parent‐proxy and child self‐report scores support the complementary information provided by the two perspectives.
The use of a microwave‐assisted solvent extraction coupled with HPLC‐UV/PAD to assess the quality of Marrubium vulgareL. (white horehound) herbal raw material
Authors: Martino Emanuela , Della Volpe Serena , Cavalloro Valeria , Amri Bedis , Kaab Leila Bettaeib Been , Marrubini Giorgio , Rossi Daniela , Collina Simona 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionMarrubium vulgare is a herbal remedy presents in several European Pharmacopoeias and commonly marketed as white horehound. The chemotaxonomic marker of Marrubium genus is marrubiin and its content may change in response to biotic and abiotic stress.ObjectiveDevelopment of a microwave‐assisted solvent extraction (MASE) methodology suitable for exhaustively extracting marrubiin from M. vulgare leaves, easily applicable to large sets of samples. Evaluation of the influence of copper(II) on marrubiin production.Material and methodsM. vulgare leaves were dried, extracted exploiting MASE and analysed via high‐performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet photodiode array detection (HPLC‐UV/PAD) system. A design of experiments approach was adopted to select the best extraction conditions. Extraction parameters (solvent composition, extraction time and temperature), were studied applying two full factorial experimental designs in a sequential approach. To analyse samples, a rapid HPLC‐UV/PAD method was set up.ResultsThe best results in terms of marrubiin extraction yield were obtained extracting samples at 120°C with 100% ethanol, for 15 min (3 × 5 min microwave cycles). The developed methodology was successfully applied to matrices grown in Greenhouse conditions and under stress induced by copper(II), selected as model agent for abiotic stress. Progressively decreasing production of marrubiin was evidenced in connection with treatment with 80, 200 and 300 mg/L copper sulphate.ConclusionAn efficient methodology for the extraction and determination of the amount of marrubiin in large sets of samples of M. vulgare plants was developed. Results demonstrated that marrubiin is an easily detectable marker useful for evaluating M. vulgare reaction to stress.
A Breakthrough for Fiber Lasers
Authors: Kliner Dahv A. V. , Victor Brian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe sheet metal cutting market is dominated by fiber lasers because of their unmatched combination of productivity, precision, and cost‐effectiveness. Fiber lasers in the 2 – 4 kW range have become the workhorses for many fabrication shops, offering faster and more precise cutting of thin metal than legacy cutting technologies, such as CO2 lasers and plasma torches. Many fiber laser systems are, however, designed for cutting a limited range of metal thicknesses. Specifically, a small, tightly focused laser beam provides the fastest cutting speeds for thin gauges, but for thicker plates this small beam has significant limitations in edge quality and maximum thickness. Alternatively, a larger beam can improve the edge quality for thick plate because of the wider kerf, but with a substantial speed penalty for cutting thin sheet.
Modulation Transfer Function for Optimum Performance in Vision Systems
Authors: Simon Stephanie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe quality of a vision system is influenced by many factors; primarily by the resolution of the lens and the sensor. The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a well‐established method for determining and comparing the resolution of lenses. However, for the performance assessment of the overall system, the resolution of the sensor must be taken into additional consideration. How can the sensor be incorporated into this model? This article explains the fundamentals of the optical transfer function and the resulting MTF. In addition, the other important factors that influence sensors and lenses are explained in detail, to provide the optimum performance of a vision system.
Powerful Industrial Excimer Configured for High Altitude Water Vapor Measurements
Authors: Delmdahl Ralph , Emmerichs Ulrich , Trickl Thomas , Vogelmann Hannes 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo improve the sensitivity and range of atmospheric water vapor measurements by ultraviolet Raman lidar, a powerful 308 nm industrial excimer laser was modified to deliver frequency‐stabilized, narrowline output with low divergence and linear polarization.
Analysis of the Effects of Whole‐Body Vibration in Parkinson Disease – Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Dincher Andrea , Schwarz Markus , Wydra Georg 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundBecause of discrepant published results, there is a need to systematically analyze the literature that has evaluated the effectiveness of harmonic whole‐body vibration (WBV) and randomized WBV in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of harmonic versus randomized WBV on motor symptoms, balance, gait, and mobility in people with PD.TypeMeta‐analysis.Literature SurveyEstablished databases PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane, Trip, and PEDro; library of the Saarland University; and electronic library of journals, including publications from 1960 to November 2017, were scanned by using “Parkinson” and “vibration” as combined search terms.MethodologyFirst, data were extracted from the full‐text version, including number of participants, severity of disease, medication status, study design, use of vibration treatment, duration of study, number of treatment sessions and trials per session, vibration frequency and amplitude, duration of trials and rest periods, and pre‐ and posttest data. Qualitative analysis was performed by using the PEDro score. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to verify the efficacy of harmonic versus randomized WBV on mobility, balance, gait, and motor symptoms.SynthesisFrom 244 publications found in online databases, 17 eligible studies fulfilled eligibility criteria and were further analyzed qualitatively. Out of those, 7 studies attained moderate to high quality (mean PEDro score 4.6 points, SD 2.9) and were then further analyzed quantitatively. A large variation, between no effects (SMD = 0.06, 95% CI = −0.78 to 0.90) and weak effects (SMD = 0.46, 95% CI = −0.51 to 1.43), was found for motor symptoms, balance, gait, and mobility.ConclusionsThere is no clear evidence of a PD symptom‐reducing effect (motor symptoms, balance, gait, and mobility) of WBV compared with respective control conditions. Only a few studies found significant group differences for mobility and motor symptoms. Therefore, the overall effects of vibration therapy on PD remain somewhat inconsistent. Further high‐quality studies should determine the efficacy of harmonic versus randomized WBV.Level of EvidenceII
Assembly‐Induced Emission of Cellulose Nanocrystals for Hiding Information
Authors: Gan Lin , Feng Na , Liu Siyuan , Zheng Shuyu , Li Zhen , Huang Jin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFluorescent‐labeled cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films have been used to record and protect information in paper materials, whereas the fluorescent materials usually suffer photobleaching. Herein, a strategy of solid‐state emission induced by the vertical assembly of CNCs was established. The assembly‐induced emission starts from the structural diffraction of CNC, whose wavelength is adjusted into the ultraviolet (UV) region for hiding information under natural light. The small diameter (≈10 nm) of CNCs then promotes the resonance between the vertically assembled CNCs and the UV light, leading to a strong blue emission with an emitting quantum efficiency as high as 13.90%. By introducing the vertical‐assembly film with a specific pattern into paper materials, an anti‐counterfeiting image is obtained under a UV radiation. Since CNCs are a kind of cellulose with high crystallinity, this material can be a wear‐resistant anti‐counterfeiting material for banknotes or other paper applications.
Empowering communities with data: Role of data intermediaries for communities' data utilization
Authors: Yoon Ayoung , Copeland Andrea , McNally Paula Jo 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTData have significant potential to address current societal problems not only at the federal and state levels, but also in smaller communities, in neighborhoods, and in the lives of individuals. While the proposition for this potential is that data are and will be shared with and reused by and for communities at different levels, not all data are systematically or routinely shared for reuse with communities due to social, structural and technical infrastructure barriers. Data intermediary organizations can play a significant role in removing existing barriers while unlocking the potential of data for all, particularly for communities with limited human or financial resources, limited access to existing data infrastructures, and underserved populations. Considering the significance of the data intermediary organizations on local communities, this study aims to explore the role of intermediaries that usually facilitate community members/organizations' data utilization. The findings of this study reveal that data intermediary organizations play four major roles that are crucial in communities' data utilization: (1) democratizing data, (2) adding value to existing data, (3) enhancing communities' data literacy, and (4) building communities' data capacity. This study has several important implications to offer as a solution to overcome the challenges of data reuse at the local level.
The characteristics of African easterly waves coupled to Saharan mineral dust aerosols
Authors: Grogan Dustin F.P. , Thorncroft Christopher D. 
Published: January 2019

The characteristics of African easterly waves (AEWs) and their relationship with synoptic‐scale plumes of Saharan mineral dust (SMD) are examined using 37 summers (July–September, 1980–2016) of 3‐D fields from the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA‐2). The AEWs and SMD plumes are obtained by projecting the kinematic, thermodynamic and dust fields onto the 2–6‐day time‐filtered aerosol optical depth (AOD) near the west coast of North Africa (15°N, 15°W). Results show that the kinematic fields of the AEWs have significant structure north of the African easterly jet (AEJ). For the SMD, signals occur in two regions relative to the AEW over Africa: in the northerlies ahead of the AEW trough in the Sahel (10–20°N), and in the southerlies behind the AEW trough in the Sahara (20–27°N). The SMD signals are emitted on the flanks of a low surface‐pressure system associated with the northern circulation, mixed vertically in ascent regions below 600 hPa and removed by dry and wet deposition processes. Over the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the kinematic fields of the AEWs weaken, which modifies the propagation of the SMD signals. Consequently, the SMD signals from the two sources merge in the Saharan air layer (SAL) over the Atlantic.The direct radiative effects of SMD on the AEWs are also investigated over Africa.The perturbation diabatic heating rate is combined with the perturbation temperature field to infer the structure of the diabatic generation term in the energetics of the AEWs. The implied energetics show that an SMD‐induced generation region of eddy potential energy occurs at mid‐levels (850–650 hPa) north of the AEJ, which replenishes energy that is converted by baroclinic processes.
Passivity‐based sliding mode controller/observer for second‐order nonlinear systems
Authors: Chang Jeang‐Lin 
Published: January 2019

SummaryA passivity‐based sliding mode control for a class of second‐order nonlinear systems with matched disturbances is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a nonlinear sliding surface is designed using feedback passification, in which the passivity is employed to guarantee the closed‐loop system's stability. The passivity‐based controller comprising a discontinuous term guarantees globally asymptotical convergence to the sliding surface. A sliding mode‐based control law that satisfies the reaching and sliding condition is also developed. Moreover, the passivity‐based sliding mode observer is also developed to effectively estimate the system states. Compared with conventional sliding mode control, the proposed control scheme has a shorter reaching time; and hence, the system performance is less affected by disturbances, thus eliminating the need to increase the control input gain. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.