bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer‐by‐layer nanoparticles for novel delivery of cisplatin and PARP inhibitors for platinum‐based drug resistance therapy in ovarian cancer
Authors: Mensah Lawrence B. , Morton Stephen W. , Li Jiahe , Xiao Haihua , Quadir Mohiuddin A. , Elias Kevin M. , Penn Emily , Richson Aysen K. , Ghoroghchian Paiman Peter , Liu Joyce , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdvanced staged high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer death in the developed world, with 5‐year survival rates of only 25–30% due to late‐stage diagnosis and the shortcomings of platinum‐based therapies. A Phase I clinical trial of a combination of free cisplatin and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) showed therapeutic benefit for HGSOC. In this study, we address the challenge of resistance to platinum‐based therapy by developing a targeted delivery approach. Novel electrostatic layer‐by‐layer (LbL) liposomal nanoparticles (NPs) with a terminal hyaluronic acid layer that facilitates CD44 receptor targeting are designed for selective targeting of HGSOC cells; the liposomes can be formulated to contain both cisplatin and the PARPi drug within the liposomal core and bilayer. The therapeutic effectiveness of LbL NP‐encapsulated cisplatin and PARPi alone and in combination was compared with the corresponding free drugs in luciferase and CD44‐expressing OVCAR8 orthotopic xenografts in female nude mice. The NPs exhibited prolonged blood circulation half‐life, mechanistic staged drug release and targeted codelivery of the therapeutic agents to HGSOC cells. Moreover, compared to the free drugs, the NPs resulted in significantly reduced tumor metastasis, extended survival, and moderated systemic toxicity.
Limiting the metabolic burden of recombinant protein expression during selection yields pools with higher expression levels
Authors: Ong E‐Ching , Smidt Pauline , McGrew Jeffrey T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn order to avoid the metabolic burden of protein expression during cell growth, and to avoid potential toxicity of recombinant proteins, microbial expression systems typically utilize regulated expression vectors. In contrast, constitutive expression vectors have usually been utilized for isolation of protein expressing mammalian cell lines. In mammalian systems, inducible expression vectors are typically utilized for only those proteins that are toxic when overexpressed. We developed a tetracycline regulated expression system in CHO cells, and show that cell pools selected in the uninduced state recover faster than those selected in the induced state even though the proteins showed no apparent toxicity or expression instability. Furthermore, cell pools selected in the uninduced state had higher expression levels when protein expression was turned on only in production cultures compared to pools that were selected and maintained in the induced state through production. We show a titer improvement of greater than twofold for an Fc‐fusion protein and greater than 50% improvement for a recombinant antibody. The improvement is primarily due to an increase in specific productivity. Recombinant protein mRNA levels correlate strongly with protein expression levels and are highest in those cultures selected in the uninduced state and only induced during production. These data are consistent with a model where CHO cell lines with constitutive expression select for subclones with lower expression levels.
Dynamic urinary proteomic analysis in a Walker 256 intracerebral tumor model
Authors: Zhang Linpei , Li Yuqiu , Meng Wenshu , Ni Yanying , Gao Youhe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with primary and metastatic brain cancer have an extremely poor prognosis, mostly due to the late diagnosis of disease. Urine, which lacks homeostatic mechanisms, is an ideal biomarker source that accumulates early and highly sensitive changes to provide information about the early stage of disease.MethodsA rat model mimicking the local tumor growth process in the brain was established with intracerebral Walker 256 (W256) cell injection. Urine samples were collected on days 3, 5, and 8 after injection, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsIn the intracerebral W256 model, no obvious clinical manifestations or abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals were found on days 3 or 5; at these time points, 9 proteins were changed significantly in the urine of all eight tumor rats. On day 8, when tumors were detected by MRI, 25 differential proteins were identified, including 10 that have been reported to be closely related to brain metastasis or primary tumors. The differential urinary proteome was compared with those from the subcutaneous W256 model and the intracerebral C6 model. Few differential proteins overlapped, and specific differential protein patterns were observed among the three models.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that early changes in the urine proteome can be detected in the intracerebral W256 model. The urinary proteome can reflect the difference when tumor cells with different growth characteristics are inoculated into the brain and when identical tumor cells are inoculated into different areas, specifically, the subcutis and the brain.
Electrons and Holes as Catalysts in Organic Electrosynthesis
Authors: Francke Robert , Little R. Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe injection (or removal) of electrons into (or from) a substrate by an electrode can effectively catalyze various redox‐neutral reactions that otherwise require harsh conditions and/or the use of reagents. Such processes involve the electrogeneration of an ionic or radical ionic species, which after a coupled chemical step either undergoes a backward electron exchange with the electrode (ECEb mechanism) or triggers a chain process in the bulk solution. Under these circumstances, sub‐stoichiometric amounts of charge are sufficient to achieve a full conversion and conceptionally, the electrons and holes can be understood as being catalysts. This principle has been successfully applied to accomplish a number of redox‐neutral transformations such as molecular rearrangements, Diels‐Alder‐type cycloadditions and radical substitution reactions (SRN1) in a mild and atom‐economical fashion. Although examples have been reported but sporadically since the early 1970s, a number of exciting recent developments have led us to review and discuss these cases using unifying mechanistic concepts that are described herein.
Tapping Renewables: A New Dawn for Organic Electrosynthesis in Aqueous Reaction Media
Authors: Harnisch Falk , Schröder Uwe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe birthplace of organic electrochemistry was an aqueous solution, with a biogenic, renewable compound being the reactant of the first organic electrosynthesis. Now, 170 years later, the relevance of electrosynthesis is rising again and, hence, the original work comes to the fore. Water is considered a green solvent, biogenic compounds increasingly replace fossil compounds as a feedstock for the chemical industry, and electrosynthesis bridges energy and chemistry sector. In this Minireview, we advocate the use of water as the solvent for electrochemical conversion of biogenic organic compounds. We show that, although the use of water may put certain constraints on organic electrosynthesis, using aqueous reaction media opens interesting perspectives. As illustrated on selected examples, synergies can be created for the conversion of oxygenates, for hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation reactions, product separation and in coupling electrochemical and biochemical processes.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Boosted Ultrafine Cu2SnS3 Nanoparticles for High‐performance Sodium Storage
Authors: Fu Lin , Li Guocheng , Shang Chaoqun , Mao Eryang , Huang Lanyan , Wang Xiancheng , Ma Ge , Wang Xin , Zhou Guofu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTernary Sn‐based sulfides have been considered as potential anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their unique composition and high theoretical specific capacities. However, such kind of materials suffers from sluggish kinetics and huge volumetric variation resulting from the large ionic size of the sodium ions during the battery operation process. Herein, we use a facile hydrothermal method to prepare Cu2SnS3/reduced graphene oxide (CTS/RGO) composite. Characterizations reveal that CTS/RGO consists of ultrafine CTS nanoparticles with uniform and small size, which are anchored uniformly on the surface of RGO sheets. Benefited from the unique structure feature, CTS/RGO has a high reversible capacity of 566.8 mA h g−1, good cycle stability and rate capability even at a high current density of 3200 mA g−1, which is superior to that of bare CTS. The improved performances are ascribed to the unique structure with anchoring ultrafine CTS nanoparticles on the surface of high conductive and flexible RGO sheets, which can greatly enhance electrochemical reaction kinetics and effectively alleviate volume effect of the active materials.
Well‐Aligned Hierarchical Graphene‐Based Electrodes for Pseudocapacitors with Outstanding Low‐Temperature Stability
Authors: Kong Jing , Xiong Guoping , Bo Zheng , Lu Xinchao , Yi Kexin , Kuang Wenhao , Yang Shiling , Yang Huachao , Tian Siyu , Yan Jianhua , Cen Kefa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe relatively poor performance stability of pseudocapacitors over a wide temperature window (i. e. temperature stability), particularly at low temperatures, hinders their practical applications. Here, well‐aligned hierarchical pseudocapacitive electrodes are fabricated, featuring run‐through channels in a graphene network (GN) as ion‐buffering reservoirs, open inter‐sheet channels between vertical graphene nanosheets (VGNSs) for fast ion transport and MnO2 nanopetals on VGNSs for efficient interfacial pseudocapacitive reactions. With reduced ion diffusion length and charge‐transfer resistance as well as improved ion‐transport rate, the capacitance of pseudocapacitive electrodes decreases from 541 to 490 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 as the temperature drops from 25 to 0 °C, revealing a high capacitance retention of 90.7 %. Furthermore, the specific capacitance of a symmetric device based on the hierarchical electrodes at −30 °C maintains 80.8 % of the room‐temperature capacitance. Such outstanding temperature stability is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art electric double‐layer capacitors. Importantly, 86.0 % of capacitance is retained after repeated heating and cooling at temperatures ranging from −30 to 60 °C for 5000 cycles. Asymmetric supercapacitors with the hierarchical architecture in the positive electrode exhibit stable performance over a wide temperature range. These results demonstrate the rationality of the electrode design for practical energy storage applications in harsh temperature environments.
Establishing a common metric for self‐reported anxiety in patients with prostate cancer: Linking the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer with PROMIS Anxiety
Authors: Victorson David , Schalet Benjamin D. , Kundu Shilajit , Helfand Brian T. , Novakovic Kristian , Penedo Frank , Cella David 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAnxiety is a common patient concern and clinical endpoint in prostate cancer outcomes research. It is measured using different self‐report instruments that are not directly comparable, thereby making clinical trials, clinical performance measurement, and comparative effectiveness research challenging when anxiety is the outcome of interest. The objective of the current study was to enable a common reporting metric of anxiety so that scores on commonly used anxiety measures could be converted into Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores for ease of application, interpretation, and comparability.MethodsUsing an internet health panel, a total of 806 men with clinically localized prostate cancer completed items from the National Institutes of Health PROMIS Anxiety Short Form (version 7a) and the 18‐item Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer (MAX‐PC). A common metric was created using analyses based on item response theory, producing score crosswalk tables. The linking relationships were evaluated by resampling small subsets and estimating confidence intervals for the differences between the observed and linked PROMIS scores.ResultsResults of factor analysis and item response theory model fit supported the hypothesis that both scales measure essentially the same concept. Therefore, crosswalk tables appear to be justified and increasingly robust with increasing sample sizes.ConclusionsMAX‐PC Anxiety results can be expressed on the PROMIS Anxiety metric for the purposes of clinical performance measurement, clinical trial outcomes, comparative effectiveness research, and other efforts to compare anxiety results across studies that use any one of these measures.
Cytomorphologic comparison of type 1 and type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of 28 cases
Authors: Magers Martin J. , Perrino Carmen M. , Cramer Harvey M. , Wu Howard H. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundPapillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is classified as type 1 or type 2 on the basis of histomorphologic features. Type 1 pRCC typically carries a better prognosis, and renal cell carcinoma is often diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA). Thus, this study was designed to characterize cytomorphologic features present in FNA cases that could be used to discriminate between type 1 and type 2 pRCC.MethodsElectronic records of Indiana University were searched for pRCC FNA cases (2007‐2018). Corresponding surgical pathology reports were reviewed to classify patients as having type 1 or type 2 pRCC. FNA slides were reviewed to assess cytomorphologic features (ie, nuclear grade; cell size; cytoplasmic volume and quality; and the presence of single cells, papillary clusters, nuclear grooves, foamy histiocytes, hemosiderin pigment, psammoma bodies, and hyaline globules). A semiquantitative score was assigned to each feature. The nuclear grade was assigned with the World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology grading system. The cytomorphologic features of type 1 and type 2 pRCC were compared.ResultsSixteen patients with type 1 pRCC and 12 patients with type 2 pRCC were included in the study. Type 2 pRCC had a higher nuclear grade, a higher volume of cytoplasm, and more granular cytoplasm. Type 1 pRCC more frequently had nuclear grooves and clear cytoplasm. The remaining features (ie, cell size, papillary clusters, single cells, foamy histiocytes, hemosiderin pigment, psammoma bodies, and hyaline globules) were not statistically significant.ConclusionsNuclear grade, cytoplasmic volume and granularity or clarity, and nuclear grooves are cytomorphologic features that may aid in the distinction between type 1 and type 2 pRCC.
A general analytical method for evaluation of the thermodynamic properties of matters using virial coefficients with Morse potential at high temperature
Authors: Mamedov B.A. , Cacan H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we established an analytical formula for the second virial coefficient (SVC) with Morse potential without using any numerical methods, and the obtained formula is applied to the calculation of the speed of sound of some matter at high temperature. This approach is based on the series expansion formula and special functions, which allows the exact evaluations of any thermodynamic properties of matter using the SVC. As an application, the obtained analytical formula is used for evaluation of the SVC with Morse potential for high‐temperature gas and the plasma region of the intermolecular interactions of neutral atom gases of B, Si, Zn, H2, N2, O2, NO, CO, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. Based on the obtained formula of SVC, the speed of sound for gases of N2, Ar, and Zn are also determined analytically. A specific maximum temperature is chosen for every gas to ensure that there are still neutral atoms in the gas, and low temperatures are avoided due to quantum effects. The results are compared with numerical data and another analytical data from the literature. The new analytical solution is shown to be in good agreement with the compared data and is verified to supply proper thermodynamic data.
Field‐amplified sample injection combined with capillary electrophoresis for the simultaneous determination of five chlorophenols in water samples
Authors: Gao Fangfang , Chen Xiaoxia , Li Xiaobin , Li Jinhua , Liu Huitao , Chen Lingxin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA sensitive method of CZE‐ultraviolet (UV) detection based on the on‐line preconcentration strategy of field‐amplified sample injection (FASI) was developed for the simultaneous determination of five kinds of chlorophenols (CPs) namely 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP), 2‐chlorophenol (2‐CP), 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP), 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP), and 2,6‐dichlorophenol (2,6‐DCP) in water samples. Several parameters affecting CZE and FASI conditions were systematically investigated. Under the optimal conditions, sensitivity enhancement factors for 4‐CP, 2‐CP, 2,4‐DCP, 2,4,6‐TCP, and 2,6‐DCP were 9, 27, 35, 43, and 43 folds, respectively, compared with the direct CZE, and the baseline separation was achieved within 5 min. Then, the developed FASI‐CZE‐UV method was applied to tap and lake water samples for the five CPs determination. The LODs (S/N = 3) were 0.0018–0.019 µg/mL and 0.0089–0.029 µg/mL in tap water and lake water, respectively. The values of LOQs in tap water (0.006–0.0074 µg/mL) were much lower than the maximum permissible concentrations of 2,4,6‐TCP, 2,4‐DCP, and 2‐CP in drinking water stipulated by World Health Organization (WHO) namely 0.3, 0.04, and 0.01 µg/mL, respectively, and thereby the method was suitable to detect the CPs according to WHO guidelines. Furthermore, the method attained high recoveries in the range of 83.0–119.0% at three spiking levels of five CPs in the two types of water samples, with relative standard deviations of 0.37–8.58%. The developed method was proved to be a simple, sensitive, highly automated, and efficient alternative to CPs determination in real water samples.
CRISPR‐based curing and analysis of metabolic burden of cryptic plasmids in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917
Authors: Zainuddin Halimatun S. , Bai Yanfen , Mansell Thomas J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractE. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) has long been used as an over‐the‐counter probiotic and has shown potential to be used as a live biotherapeutic. It contains two stably replicating cryptic plasmids, pMUT1, and pMUT2, the function of which is unclear but the presence of which may increase the metabolic burden on the cell, particularly in the context of added recombinant plasmids. In this work, we present a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats‐Cas9‐based method of curing cryptic plasmids, producing strains cured of one or both plasmids. We then assayed heterologous protein production from three different recombinant plasmids in wild‐type and cured EcN derivatives and found that production of reporter proteins was not significantly different across strains. In addition, we replaced pMUT2 with an engineered version containing an inserted antibiotic resistance reporter gene and demonstrated that the engineered plasmid was stable over 90 generations without selection. These findings have broad implications for the curing of cryptic plasmids and for stable heterologous expression of proteins in this host. Specifically, curing of cryptic plasmids may not be necessary for optimal heterologous expression in this host.
Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling for estimating short‐term exposure to air pollution in Santiago de Chile
Authors: Nicolis O. , Díaz M. , Sahu S. K. , Marín J. C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpatial prediction of exposure to air pollution in a large city such as Santiago de Chile is a challenging problem because of the lack of a dense air‐quality monitoring network. Statistical spatiotemporal models exploit the space–time correlation in the pollution data and other relevant meteorological and land‐use information to generate accurate predictions in both space and time. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian modeling method to accurately predict hourly PM2.5concentrations in a 1‐km high‐resolution grid covering the city. The modeling method combines a spatiotemporal land‐use regression model for PM2.5and a Bayesian calibration model for the input meteorological variables used in the land‐use regression model. Using a 3‐month winter‐time pollution data set, the output of sample validation results obtained in this paper shows a substantial increase in accuracy due to the incorporation of the linear calibration model. The proposed Bayesian modeling method is then used to provide short‐term spatiotemporal predictions of PM2.5concentrations on a fine (1 km2) spatial grid covering the city. Along with the paper, we publish theRcode used and the output of sample predictions for future scientific use.
Capture of CO2 by highly concentrated alkanolamine solutions in a rotating packed bed
Authors: Wang Yi‐Ming , Chen Yu‐Shao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe capture of CO2 in a rotating packed bed (RPB) using highly concentrated alkanolamine solutions has been proved to be an effective way to enhance the absorption efficiency of CO2. In this investigation, the effects of alkanolamine concentration on the CO2 removal efficiency and mass transfer coefficients (KGa) at various lean CO2 loadings were studied. Monoethanolamine and 2‐methyl‐amino‐ethanol solutions were used to absorb CO2 in an RPB. Experimental results showed that increasing the alkanolamine concentration effectively enhanced the CO2 absorption efficiency of a fresh absorbent. For an absorbent with a high CO2 loading, an optimal alkanolamine concentration was observed because the viscosity of the absorbent dramatically increased at high alkanolamine concentration and high CO2 loading. A correlation of KGa was proposed and the mass transfer coefficient can be expressed as a function of the free alkanolamine concentration and the viscosity of the absorbent.
Investigation of self‐adaptive thermal control design in passive direct methanol fuel cell
Authors: Yuan Zhenyu , Chuai Wenhui , Guo Zhongming , Tu Zhaoyin , Kong Fanbo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel anode thermal optimization approach is presented and developed in this paper, based on the detailed investigations of operating temperature on the performance of passive micro direct methanol fuel cell (μDMFC). First, a two‐dimensional model of two‐phase cell is established to observe methanol solution transport and pressure distribution under different operating temperatures. Moreover, passive stainless steel‐based μDMFC preparation and fabrication use micro laser‐cut technology, and the influences of cell temperature on corresponding cell performances are under experimental investigation. Eventually, according to the consequences of simulation and experimental analysis, a practical anode self‐adaptive thermal control strategy equips with the self‐made silicone heating sheet is designed, and the stable work of μDMFC at the optimal temperature is realized through this method. Compared with the conventional fuel cell, the optimized fuel cell system can significantly improve the net output power density and efficiency (Power density increased from 20.8 mW cm−2 to 52.16 mW cm−2).