bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS OF A DOUBLE-LEAF SOLID-MICROPERFORATED PARTITION UNDER NORMAL INCIDENCE OF ACOUSTIC LOADING
Authors: Ismail Ahmad Yusuf 
Published: October 2018

The micro-perforated panel (MPP) is recently well-known as an alternative ‘green‘ sound absorber replacing the conventional porous materials. Constructed from a solid panel which provides a non-abrassive structure and also an optically attractive surface, there gives a feasibility to implement such a panel inside a vehicle cabin. This paper is the preliminary study to investigate the sound transmission loss (TL) of a solid panel coupled with a micro-perforated panel to form a doube-leaf partition which is already known as a lightweigth stucture for noise insulation in vehicles and buildings. The mathematical model for the TL subjected to normal incidence of acoustic excitation is derived. The results show that its performance substantially improves at the troublesome frequency of mass-air-mass resonance which occurs in the conventional double-leaf solid partition. This is important particularly for the noise source predominant at low frequencies. This can also be controlled by tuning the hole size and number as well as the air gap between the panels. ABSTRAK: Panel bertebuk mikro (micro-perforated panel (MPP)) kebelakangan ini dikenali sebagai alternatif penyerap bunyi yang mesra alam menggantikan bahan berliang lazim. Dibina daripada satu panel padu yang memberikan satu struktur tak lelas dan juga satu permukaan yang menarik, ia memberikan kemungkinan penggunaan panel tersebut di dalam kabin kenderaan. Tesis ini merupakan kajian permulaan dalam mengkaji hilang pancaran bunyi (sound transmission loss (TL)) oleh satu panel padu yang digandingkan dengan satu panel bertebuk mikro. Kaedah ini menghasilkan satu sekatan lembar kembar yang sememangnya dikenali sebagai struktur ringan penebat bunyi di dalam kenderaan dan bangunan. Model matematik diterbitkan untuk TL tersebut dengan menjalankan pengujaan akustik yang tuju normal. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa prestasi meningkat dengan ketara pada frekuensi yang susah semasa resonans jisim-udara-jisim berlaku di dalam sekatan padu lembar kembar lazim. Ini penting terutamanya untuk sumber bunyi yang pradominan pada frekuensi rendah. Ia juga boleh dikawal dengan menalakan saiz dan jumlah lubang serta luang udara di antara panel-panel tersebut.
Effect of Spray Drying on Protein Content of Natural Rubber Serum (NRS)
Authors: M.N. Zairossani I. Aimi Izyana and 
Published: October 2018

Natural rubber latex comprises approximately 70% natural rubber serum (NRS) which is the aqueous part of the latex. The NRS is made up of mainly water and non-rubber components; sugar, protein and other lipids. The protein component of the NRS is separated using membrane separation and spray dried whereby the amino acid and protein content was monitored during the process. The optimum drying temperatures were first determined to obtain the maximum recovery of the protein powder, whereby the amino acid content was approximately 40 times that of the feed. The production of protein powder from NRS increases the rubber industry's competitiveness through value addition to the previously discarded NRS but also to the processing industry. NRS protein powder has a great opportunity to be developed as an alternative protein source.ABSTRAK: Susu getah asli mengandungi lebih kurang 70% serum getah asli (natural rubber serum (NRS)) iaitu bahagian susu getah yang berair. NRS sebahagian besarnya merupakan air dan komponen bukan getah; gula, protein dan lipid-lipid lain. Komponen protein NRS dipisahkan dengan menggunakan membran pemisah dan kaedah kering semburan dimana asid amino dan kandungan protein dipantau semasa proses tersebut. Pada mulanya, suhu pengeringan optimum ditentukan untuk mendapatkan hasil maksima serbuk protein, dimana kandungan asid amino adalah lebih kurang 40 kali suapan. Penghasilan serbuk protein daripada NRS meningkatkan daya saing industri getah dan industri pemprosesan menerusi pertambahan nilai terhadap NRS yang sebelum ini hanya dibuang. Serbuk protein NRS mempunyai peluang besar untuk dimajukan sebagai sumber protein alternatif.KEY WORDS: protein, spray dry, natural rubber serum.
Molecular Cloning and Production of Recombinant Phytase from Bacillus subtilis ASUIA243 in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Mohd Dali Nor Soleha , Nuge Tamrin , Mahamad Maifiah Mohd Hafidz , Yusof Faridah , Meor Hussin Anis Shobirin , Farouk Abd-Elaziem , Mohd. Salleh And Hamzah 
Published: October 2018

Phytase gene obtained from Bacillus subtilis ASUIA243 was cloned into a medium vector and transformed into E. coli. Restriction enzyme digestion was conducted to get blunt-ended phytase gene and ligated into the Pichia expression vector, pPICZαA. The recombinant vector, pPICZαA-243HPp was then linearized with PmeI and transformed into P. pastoris strain X33. Screening for multi copy gene number of transformants was done by re-plating the selected colonies on increasing concentration of zeocin. One positive clone, X243HPp#2 was then grown in BMGY media as the starting culture, followed by induction in BMMY media for protein expression study. The supernatant was then analysed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot method to check the protein expression.ABSTRAK: Gen fitase yang didapati daripada Bacillus subtilis ASUIA243 diklonkan sebagai vektor perantara dan berubah menjadi E. coli. Sekatan pencernaan enzim dijalankan untuk mendapatkan gen fitase berhujung tumpul dan diligatkan dengan vektor ekspresi Pichia, pPICZαA. Vektor rekombinan, pPICZαA-243HPp kemudian dilinearkan dengan PmeI dan berubah menjadi P. pastoris strain X33. Penyaringan untuk nombor gen berbilang salinan yang menjalani transformasi genetik dijalankan dengan menyalur semula koloni terpilih dengan penambahan kepekatan zeocin. Satu klon positif, X243HPp#2 kemudian dibiarkan hidup dalam perantara BMGY sebagai kultur permulaan, diikuti dengan aruhan dalam perantara BMMY untuk kajian penglahiran protein. Supernatan kemudian dikaji dengan SDS-PAGE dan kaedah sap Western untuk menyemak penglahiran protein.KEYWORDS: phytase, Bacillus subtilis, Pichia pastoris, gene cloning.
Molecular Cloning of Phytase Gene from ASUIA279 and Its Expression in Pichia pastoris System
Authors: Maifiah M. H. Mahamad , Jamal P. , Nuge T. , Mohd Dali N. S. , Meor Hussin A.S. , Farouk Abd-Elaziem , Salleh And H. Mohd. 
Published: October 2018

Phytases catalyze the hydrolysis of phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), one of the major storage form of phosphate in plants, with subsequent release of myo-inositol, phosphate and phytate-bound minerals. Non-ruminant animals such as chicken, swine and fish can't use the organic phosphorus and minerals from their diet because there is no phytase activity in their digestive tract. Phytate degrading enzyme is added to the animal feed diet to improve phosphorus availability from the dietary phytate and at the same time this lessen the phosphate pollution level in areas of intensive animal production as the phosphate would not be excreted out to the environment. ASUIA279, a bacterial strain isolated from Malaysian soil has potentially shown good phytase activity. In the present work, the gene encoding for phytase has been amplified from the plasmid DNA of recombinant ASUIA279(5) obtained from a previous study (unpublished data) by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology. The amplified phytase gene was extracted, purified then cloned into the pPICZï¡A plasmid and transformed into Pichia pastorisX-33 strain for enzyme production.ABSTRAK: Fitase pemangkinan hidrolisis fitat (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate), merupakan salah satu cara penyimpanan utama fosfat dalam tumbuhan, dengan pelepasan berturut myo-inositol , fosfat dan galian terikat fitat. Haiwan bukan ruminan seperti ayam, khinzir dan ikan tidak dapat memanfaatkan fosforus organik serta galian yang diperolehi daripada makanan kerana tidak mempunyai aktiviti fitase di dalam saluran pencernaan mereka. Enzim pengecilan fitase dicampurkan ke dalam pemakanan haiwan untuk mempertingkatkan keperolehan fosforus dari fitat diet. Pada masa yang sama ia dapat mengurangkan tahap pencemaran fosfat di kawasan yang terdapat penternakan haiwan secara intensif agar fosfat tidak dikumuhkan ke persekitaran. ASUIA279, satu strain bakteria yang diasingkan daripada tanih di Malaysiamenunjukkan aktiviti fitase yang memberansangkan. Buat masa kini, pengekodan gen fitase telah diperkuatkan dengan plasmid DNA dari ASUIA279(5), rekombinan yang diperolehi daripada kajian terdahulu (data tak diterbitkan) berdasarkan kaedah tindak balas berantai polimerase (polymerase chain reaction (PCR)). Gen fitase yang diperkuatkan, ditulenkan dan kemudian diklonkan menjadi plasmid pPICZαA dan berubah menjadi strain Pichia pastorisX-33 untuk penghasilan enzim.KEYWORDS: Phytase, animal feed, pollution, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Pichia pastoris
Singular Vector For A Shallow Water Model
Authors: Dussadee Sukawat Chularat Srikul 
Published: October 2018

The atmosphere is a chaotic dynamical system, small errors in the initial condition of an atmospheric model can lead to growing errors in the forecast. In order to reduce uncertainty in the forecast which occur from using only one initial condition from many possible initial conditions, more initial conditions are required. In practice, however, there is only single observation available for the initial condition. In this paper the singular vector has been applied to a single level shallow water model of the atmosphere to generate more initial conditions from one observation. ABSTRAK: Atmosfera ialah satu sistem dinamik yang huru-hara. Kesilapan kecil dalam kondisi awal model atmosfera boleh membawa kepada kesilapan yang semakin meningkat di dalam ramalan. Dalam usaha untuk mengurangkan ketidakpastian dalam ramalan yang berlaku dari menggunakan hanya satu kondisi awal, lebih banyak kondisi awal diperlukan. Secara praktikalnya, walau bagaimanapun, hanya terdapat satu pemerhatian yang sedia ada untuk kondisi awal. Kajian ini menerangkan vektor tunggal telah digunakan untuk model air cetek tahap atmosfera untuk menghasilkan lebih banyak kondisi awal dari satu pemerhatian.KEYWORDS: shallow water model; tangent linear model; adjoint linear model; singular vector
Analysis of Rain Effects on Terrestrial Free Space Optics based on Data Measured in Tropical Climate
Authors: Zabidi Suriza Ahmad , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Al-Khateeb Wajdi , Naji Ahmed Wathik 
Published: October 2018

Free Space Optics (FSO) shows a great alternative as the solution for last mile problem where fiber optics is unavailable due to deployment time and cost constraint. However, the feasibility of using FSO system as communication link very much depends on local weather. Since tropical region experiences heavy rainfall, rain with high intensity is expected to affect the FSO link severely. Few prediction models have been proposed by ITU-R based on France and Japan’s measurement. This paper has compared rain attenuation predicted by models and data measured in Malaysia over Free Space Optical links for one year period. Prediction models are clearly unable to predict attenuation measured in tropical climate. ABSTRAK: Wayarles optik menjadi alternatif sebagai satu penyelesaian kepada masalah kesesakan terutama diakhir sesuatu talian dimana ianya tidak dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan gentian fiber akibat daripada kekangan masa pemasangan dan masalah kewangan. Walaubagaimanapun, kejayaan untuk menggunakan wayarless optic ini amat bergantung kepada keadaan cuaca di sesuatu tempat. Di rantau tropika hujan lebat sentiasa dialami, oleh itu hujan dengan kepadatan tinggi adalah dijangkakan lebih memberi kesan kepada talian wayarles optic ini. Beberapa model yang telah dicadangkan oleh ITU-R berlandaskan kepada pengumpulan data yang dibuat di Perancis dan Jepun. Kertas kajian ini akan membandingkan antara model-model yang telah digunapakai dengan data yang dikumpulkan di Malaysia selama setahun. Jelasnya model yang telah digunapakai tidak dapat digunakan secara berkesan di rantau tropika.KEYWORDS: free space optics; rainfall rate; rain attenuation
Epistemology -An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Azram M 
Published: October 2018

Since man is the vicegerent of God in this world. And in order to enable him to fulfill his responsibilities (of his vicegerency), God has endowed man with the potentials of creative & conceptual knowledge. It becomes incumbent upon him to mould knowledge in the framework provided by Islam. Thus all types of knowledge whether it is Natural Science, Social Science or even Pure Science, should be understood with the aim to establish an Islamic System. In this paper we will discuss the background of epistemology, different areas of epistemology-like source, types (revealed and derived), elements in Islam, principles (Unity of Allah, unity of creation,and unity of thoughts) and limitations.ABSTRAK: Manusia merupakan khalifah Allah di muka bumi ini. Agar manusia dapat menjalankan tugasnnya (sebagai khalifah), Allah telah memperkenankan manusia dengan kebolehan berkreatif dan berfikir. Manusia diwajibkan keatasnya untuk mempergunakan ilmu seperti yang dirangkakan dalam agama Islam. Dengan itu, segala jenis ilmu sama ada Sains Semula Jadi, Sains Sosial atau pun Sains Tulen, perlu difahami dengan tujuan membentuk Sistem Islam. Kertas ini mengkaji latar belakang epistemologi, pelbagai sumber ilmu yang berbeza, jenis (yang didedahkan dan diterbitkan), elemen dalam Islam, prinsip (Keesaan Allah, keesaan kewujudan dan keharmonian pemikiran) dan batasannya.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF IRON CORROSION PROBLEM BASED ON CONDENSATION CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Widodo Basuki 
Published: October 2018

Corrosion process is a natural case that happened at the various metals, where the corrosion process in electrochemical can be explained by using galvanic cell. The iron corrosion process is based on the acidity degree (pH) of a condensation, iron concentration and condensation temperature of electrolyte. Those are applied at electrochemistry cell. The iron corrosion process at this electrochemical cell also able to generate electrical potential and electric current during the process takes place. This paper considers how to build a mathematical model of iron corrosion, electrical potential and electric current. The mathematical model further is solved using the finite element method. This iron corrosion model is built based on the iron concentration, condensation temperature, and iteration time applied. In the electric current density model, the current based on electric current that is happened at cathode and anode pole and the iteration time applied. Whereas on the potential electric model, it is based on the beginning of electric potential and the iteration time applied. The numerical results show that the part of iron metal, that is gristle caused by corrosion, is the part of metal that has function as anode and it has some influences, such as time depth difference, iron concentration and condensation temperature on the iron corrosion process and the sum of reduced mass during corrosion process. Moreover, difference influence of time and beginning electric potential has an effect on the electric potential, which emerges during corrosion process at the electrochemical cell. Whereas, at the electrical current is also influenced by difference of depth time and condensation temperature applied.Keywords: Iron Corrosion, Concentration of iron, Electrochemical Cell and Finite Element Method
Effects of Different Methods of Slaughtering on Protein Expression in Chicken Meat
Authors: Zaman Rahela , Nassir Hamzah Mohd. , Abdurrazq Nafiu Bidemi , Salleh Hamzah Mohd. , Rahman Mohammad Tariqur 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the variation in total protein profile in chicken skeletal muscle which is thought to be influenced by variations in the method of slaughtering. Two types of samples, depending on the method of slaughtering using a sharp knife, were examined. These were: (i) CT- neck was cut off completely and body was tied until the animal expired, and (ii) PR- neck was cut off partially leaving the spinal cord intact and the body was released immediately after slaughtering. Proteins, expressed in higher amounts, were mostly found to be distributed in the range of Mw 45-66 kDa -- as resolved using SDS-PAGE. 2D-PAGE resolution showed differences in protein expression between the samples. Protein spotted on the gel near pH 5.0 and Mw 116 kDa was found in the skeletal muscle from CT samples but were absent in the PR samples.ABSTRAK: Variasi profil jumlah protein di dalam otot skeletal telah dikaji dengan jangkaan bahawa ianya dipengaruhi oleh kaedah penyembelihanÂ yang berbeza. Berdasarkan kaedah penyembelihan, dua jenis sampel telah diperiksa: (i) CT â€“ leher telah dipotong sepenuhnya dan badan haiwan diikat hingga mati and (ii) PR â€“ leher dipotong separuh meninggalkan kord tulang belakang dalam keadaan sempurna dan badan dilepaskan serta-merta selepas penyembelihan. Kandungan protein didapati tinggi dalam taburan Mw 45-66 kDa sebagai terurai menggunakan SDS-PAGE. Sementara itu, kandungan protein yang berbeza diperhatikan di dalam penguraian 2D-PAGE. Tompok protein kelihatan pada gel sekitar pH 5 dan Mw 116 kDa telah dijumpai pada CT otot skeletal, tetapi tidak kelihatan pada sampel PR.KEYWORDS: 2D-PAGE; slaughtering; protein; slaughtering
Three Dimensional Parametric Analyses on Effect of Fibre Orientation for Stress Concentration Factor in Fibrous Composite Cantilever Plate with Central Circular Hole under Transverse Loading
Authors: Jain Nitin , Banerjee MOON , Sanyal Shubhashish 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: A number of analytical and numerical techniques are available for the two dimensional study of stress concentration around the hole(s) in isotropic and composite plates subjected to in-plane or transverse loading conditions. The information on the techniques for three dimensional analyses of stress concentration factor (SCF) around the hole in isotropic and composite plates subjected to transverse loading conditions is, however, limited. The present work emphasizes on the effect of fibre orientation (q) on the stress concentration factor in fibrous composite plates with central circular hole under transverse static loading condition. The work is carried out for cantilever fibrous composite plates. The effects of thickness -to- width (T/A)Â and diameter-to-widthÂ (D/A) ratios upon SCF at different fibre orientation are studied. Plates of four different composite materials were considered for hole analysis in order to determine the sensitivity of SCF with elastic constants. Deflections in transverse direction were calculated and analysed. All results are presented in graphical form and discussed. The finite element formulation and its analysis were carried out using ANSYS package.ABSTRAK: Terdapat pelbagai teknik analitikal dan numerical untuk kajian tumpuan tegasan dua dimensi di sekeliling lubang-lubang dalam komposit isotropik dan plat pada satah atau keadaan bebanan melintang. Bagaimanapun, maklumat mengenai kaedah analisis tiga dimensi untuk faktor ketumpatan tegasan (SCF) sekitar lubang dalam komposit isotropik dan plat pada keadaan bebanan melintang adalah terhad. Kertas ini menekankan kesan orientasi gentian (q) pada faktor tumpuan tegasan dalam komposit plat bergentian dengan lubang berpusat di bawah keadaan bebanan melintang. Kajian ini dilkukan untuk cantilever plat komposit bergentian. Kesan ketebalan terhadap kelebaran plat (T/A) dan diameter terhadap kelebaran komposit (D/A) dengan SCF pada orientasi gentian berbeza telah dikaji. Plat komposit bagi empat bahan komposit berbeza telah diambilkira bagi kesemua analisis untuk mendapatkan kesensitifan SCF dengan konstan elastic. Defleksi pada arah melintang telah dikira dan dianalisa. Kesemua keputusan telah disembahkan secara grafik dan dibincang. Fomulasi unsur finit dan analisis telah dilaksanakan menggunakan pakej ANSYS.KEYWORDS:Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â finite element method; stress concentration factor; composites; transverse loading; deflection; elastic constants
Cluster-based Multihop Synchronization Scheme for Femtocell Network
Authors: Abdalla Aisha H. , Saeed Rashid A. , Hasan Mohammad K. , Islam Shayla , Khalifa Othman O. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: FemtocellÂ technology has been drawing considerable attentionÂ as a cost-effective means of improving cellular coverage andÂ capacity. It is connected to the core network through an IP backhaul and can only use timing protocols such as IEEE1588 or Network Time Protocol (NTP). Furthermore, the femtocell is installed indoor, and cannot use a GPS antenna for time synchronization.Â High-precision crystal oscillators can solve the timing problem, but they are often too expensive for consumer grade devices. Therefore, femtocell Base Station (fBS) synchronization is one of the principle technical trends in femtocell deployment. Since fBSand macrocell Base Station (mBS) network operates on the same frequency under a licensed spectrum, fBS network can interfere with the macrocell network. In addition, fBSs can also interfere with each other if multiple units are in close proximity. Furthermore, in a flat fBS structured network using IEEE 1588 synchronization algorithm and fBS-fBS synchronization scheme creates offset and frequency error which results inaccurate synchronization. In order to reduce offset and frequency error (skew), this paper proposed a cluster-based multihop synchronization scheme to achieve precise in fBS neighbor nodes. The proposed scheme is able to reduce the offset and skew significantly.ABSTRAK: Teknologi Femtocell telah menjadi tumpuan sebagai alat yang kos-efektif dalam memperbaiki liputan mudahalih dan kapasiti. Ia menghubungkan jaringan teras melalui IP backhaul dan hanya boleh menggunakan protokol masa seperti IEEE1588 atau Protokol Jaringan Masa (NTP). Seterusnya, femtocell dipasang di dalam, dan tidak boleh menggunakan antena GPS untuk sinkronisasi masa. Osilator Kristal yang tinggi kejituannya boleh menyelesaikan masalah masa, tetapi ianya mahal bagi gred peranti consumer. Oleh itu, sinkronisasi Stesen Asas femtocell (fBS) adalah salah satu tren teknikal prinsip dalam deployment femtocell. Memandangkan fBS dan jaringan Stesen Asas makrosel (mBS) beroperasi pada frekuensi yang sama di bawah spektrum lesen jaringan fBS boleh mengganggu jaringan makrosel. Tambahan pula, fBS juga boleh mengganggu antara satu sama lain jika unit pelbagai adalah close proximity. Tambahan lagi, bagi struktur jaringan rata fBS menggunakan algorisma sinkronisasi IEEE 1588 dan skema sinkronisasi fBS-fBS mencipta offset dan ralat frekuensi yang menyebabkan ketidaktepatansinkronisasi. Bagi mengurangkan offset dan ralat frekuensi (skew), kajian ini mencadangkan multihop berasaskan kluster skema sinkronisasi bagi mencapai kejituan dalam mod kejiranan fBS. Skema yang dicadangkan boleh mengurangkan offset dan skew dengan berkesan.KEYWORDS:Â femtocell base satationt (FBS); synchronization; frequency division multiple access (OFDMA); inter-cluster, intra-cluster