bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear-nonlinear optical, dielectric and surface microscopic investigation of KH2PO4 crystal to uncover the decisive impact of dopant glycine
Authors: Khan Imran , Kalainathan S. , Baig M.I. , Shkir Mohd , Alfaify S. , Ghramh H.A. , Anis Mohd 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Present investigation has been started to perform the comparative study of pure and glycine doped KH2PO4 (KDP) single crystals grown by most commercial slow solvent evaporation technique. The grown crystals were subjected to single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine their structural parameters. The linear optical studies of pure and glycine doped KDP crystal have been undertaken within 200 nm to 1100 nm wavelength range by means of UV-Vis studies. The enhancement in second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of glycine doped KDP crystal has been determined using a standard Kurtz-Perry powder test. The dielectric measurements have been carried out to explore the impact of glycine dopant on dielectric constant and dielectric loss of KDP crystal. The surface growth habitat and etch pit density of glycine doped KDP crystal have been evaluated using the results of microscopic etching studies. In light of obtained results the suitability of glycine doped KDP crystal for device applications has been discussed.
Role of molybdenum ions in lead zinc phosphate glass system by means of dielectric studies
Authors: Rao P. Venkateswara , Raju G. Naga , Prasad P. Syam , Satyanarayana T. , Rao L. Srinivasa , Goumeidane F. , Iezid M. , Marltan W. , Baskaran G. Sahaya , Veeraiah N. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
PbO-ZnF2-P2O5 glasses doped with different mol% (0.1 to 1.0) of MoO3 have been prepared. Dielectric properties ∊′(ω), tanδ, σAC, of the synthesized samples were calculated from frequency measurements versus temperature. Space charge polarization was used to analyze the temperature and frequency dispersions of dielectric constant ∊′(ω) and dielectric loss tanδ. Quantum mechanical tunneling model was employed to explain the origin of AC conductivity. The AC conductivity exhibited an increasing trend with increasing concentration of MoO3 (up to 0.2 mol%) but the activation energy for conduction decreased. The plots of AC conductivity revealed that the relaxation dynamics depends on MoO3 dopant concentration.
Electrical and optical properties of new Pr3+-doped PbWO4 ceramics
Authors: Groń Tadeusz , Piątkowska Magdalena , Tomaszewicz Elżbieta , Sawicki Bogdan , Urbanowicz Piotr , Duda Henryk 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Polycrystalline samples of new scheelite-type tungstates, Pb1−3x xPr2xWO4 with 0.0098 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.20, where denotes cationic vacancies have been successfully prepared by a high-temperature solid-state reaction method using Pr2(WO4)3 and PbWO4 as the starting reactants. The influence of the Pr3+ substitution in the scheelite framework on the structure and optical properties of prepared new ceramic materials has been examined using powder X-ray diffraction method (XRD) and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The results of dielectric studies of Pb1−3x xPr2xWO4 samples showed both low values of dielectric constant (below 14) and loss tangent (below 0.2). The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power measurements revealed a low conductivity (∼2 × 10−9 S/m) and the sign change of thermoelectric power around the temperature of 366 K suggesting the p-n transition. These results are discussed in the context of vacancy, acceptor and donor levels as well as the Maxwell-Wagner model.
Public Support for Higher Education Institutions from EU Structural Funds and its Evaluation: Case Study of Slovakia
Authors: Pisár Peter , Varga Martin 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The European Union gives universities an important place to participate in research and development in the country. The basic research and teaching process of higher education institutions is gradually becoming more and more scientific, and the importance of science and research is growing. Th e growing importance of R&D for universities also increases the importance of public support in this area. Slovakia was eligible for support from the structural funds by joining the EU. In the period 2007 - 2013, universities have had the highest increase in science and research spending due to the use of these resources. However, it is a question of the extent to which this form of public support has contributed to the field of research and development of higher education institutions and whether there has been a real increase in their research and development activities. We examine the effectiveness of the support granted to public universities from the European Union Structural Funds on the basis of measurable indicators of granted projects and the impact of outputs on their scientific research potential in the regions of Slovakia. The results of the analysis highlighted the high level of public support for university infrastructure projects at the expense of support with a focus on intellectual property creation and patents. The discussion is focused on whether the funds allocated in this way were effective in relation to the objectives of the Operational Program Research and Development 2007 - 2013 and thus contributed to an increase of scientific and research potential at higher education institutions in the regions in Slovakia.
Social Media Use in Public Administration: The Case of Facebook Use by Czech Regions
Authors: Špaček David 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Available data on internet use by citizens indicate that participation in social networking represented one of the most common online activities in the EU-28 in 2016. Social media have been perceived as new tools that can enhance participation and inclusion of citizens and other important stakeholders in public decision-making for several years. According to available literature, the use of social media may also drive innovation in public service delivery and government operations. Research on the use of social media by Czech public authorities is rather limited and is still in its beginnings. Th e paper outlines results of web-based analysis that focused on the use of Facebook (FB) by Czech regions. Findings on practices of 13 regions (i.e. all regions in Czechia, excluding Prague for its specifics) are presented. They clearly indicate that FB is used particularly as a one-way communication channel only for some kinds of information, rather than an instrument for including citizens into public deliberations. This is in compliance with research on practices in developed as well as in transition countries. Data also show rather heterogeneous practices related to types of information that are published on FB profiles of Czech regions.
Cutaneous Polyarteritis Nodosa: Uncommon and Rare Form of Cutaneous Vasculitis
Authors: Lekić Branislav , Milčić Danijela , Popadić Mirjana , Škiljević Dušan , Milinković Srećković Mirjana 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa (CPAN) is a variant of polyarteritis nodosa that is limited primarily to the skin. It is a chronic recurrent disorder characterized by the presence of nodular lesions with or without ulceration on the distal third of the lower limbs. Nodular vasculitis and thrombophlebitis can be clinically or pathologically mistaken for CPAN. We present a case of a 51-year-old woman with painful nodules on the lower limbs. Some of the nodules were ulcerated. Histopathological examination of a nodule on deep incisional biopsy revealed fibrinoid necrosis of a medium-sized artery in the subcutis along with perivascular mixed infiltrate. The patient did not have any symptoms or signs of internal organ involvement. The possible etiological factor has not been detected. The patient was treated with oral prednisone 0.5 mg/kg/day and dapson 150 mg/day. Over the one-year follow-up the lesions showed regression, with one minimal relapse which resolved after the short course of oral prednisone.
Witness Impeachment in Cross-Examination Using Ad Hominem Argumentation
Authors: Walton Douglas 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This paper combines methods of argumentation theory and artificial intelligence to extend existing work on the dialectical structure of crossexamination. The existing method used conflict diagrams to search for inconsistent statements in the testimony of a witness. This paper extends the method by using the inconsistency of commitments to draw an inference by the ad hominem argumentation scheme to the conclusion that the testimony is unreliable because of the bad ethical character for veracity of the witness.
Is Global Competitiveness Speeding Up the Growth in the EU? A Panel Data Analyis
Authors: Neagu Olimpia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper documents the impact of global competitiveness on economic growth in the EU Member States. In a panel data approach, for a time span of 10 years (2008- 2017), a validated influence of Global Competitiveness Index on annual rate of GDP in the EU countries was found. The impact is higher in the group of Eastern and Central European countries (ECE) than in the Western European (well developed) countries, as well as at European economy level.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Dengan Pendekatan Saintifik Berbasis GeoGebra Untuk SMA di Mataram
Authors: Novitasari Dwi , Indrawati Indrawati , Risfianty Dwi Kartika 
Published: December 2018

Abstrak: Pengajaran matematika di kota Mataram dominan masih terpusat pada guru, partisipasi siswa dalam pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa masih rendah yang salah satunya disebabkan kurangnya pemahaman siswa terhadap materi yang diajarkan. Mengatasi hal tersebut, diperlukan suatu pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa serta dapat mengkonstruksi pemahaman siswa. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika melalui pendekatan saintifik berbasis GeoGebra berupa RPP, Buku Guru dan LKS yang valid, praktif dan efektif. Hasil validasi perangkat: RPP (4.55), Buku Guru (4.17), LKS (4.44). Analisis efektifitas termasuk kategori efektif dimana: 1) Nilai siswa di atas KKM sebesar 86.84 % ; 2) Rata-rata aktivitas guru dan siswa berada pada rentang batas toleransi yang ditentukan; 3) Kemampuan guru mengelola pembelajaran berkategori baik; 4) Rata-rata respon positif siswa yaitu 92.65%. Serta berkategori praktis dengan kriteria: 1) Memiliki nilai IP baik; 2) Keterlaksanaan pembelajaran berkategori tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 4.34; 3) Kemampuan guru mengelola pembelajaran berkategori baik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan valid, praktis dan efektif sehingga dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran di kelas.
Kata Kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, pendekatan saintifik, GeoGebra

Abstract : Teaching mathematics in Mataram City is still dominant by learning teacher-centered, the student participation in learning and students’ mathematics achievement are still low. One of which is due to a lack of students' understanding of the material being taught. Overcoming this, we need a student-centered learning and can construct students' understanding. For this reason, this study aim to develop a mathematical learning kit through a scientific approach based GeoGebra including the lesson plan (RPP), Teacher's Books and worksheets (LKS) that were valid, practive and effective. The result of the research show that the validation average score for : RPP (4.55), Teacher's Book (4.17), LKS (4.44). Effectiveness analysis included effective categories where : 1) Student scores above KKM were 86.84%; 2) The average activity of teachers and students is within the specified tolerance range; 3) The ability of teachers to manage learning in good category; 4) The average of students positive response is 92.65%. As well as practical categories with criteria: 1) Having a good IP value; 2) Implementation of high category learning with an average value of 4.34; 3) The ability of teachers to manage learning in good category. Thus, this research can be concluded that learning kit that are developed are valid, practical and effective so they can be used in classroom learning.
Key words : development, teaching kit, scientific approach, GeoGebra
Early Japanese Philosophers in <i>Konjaku monogatari shū</i>
Authors: Trubnikova N. N. 
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with the tales on the origins of Japanese Buddhism from the 11th scroll of the Konjaku monogatari shū (early 12th century). Particular attention is paid to the stories about Saichō (767–822) and Kūkai (774–835), the founders of the Tendai and Shingon schools, thinkers, whose writings have built two versions of the doctrine of the Buddhist ritual aimed at “state protection” and “benefits in this world.” From the elements familiar to the Western reader – “lives, opinions and sayings,” according to Laertius, – in these stories the first one dominates. Brief information about the doctrines of the famous teachers in Konjaku is embedded in the narrative about their practical activities. The objectives of this activity are, firstly, to adopt in China and root in Japan the Chinese traditions of Buddhist practice, which go back to the Indian models; secondly, to arrange monasteries and monastic orders best suited to serve the country and its inhabitants. The legends about Saichō and Kūkai in Konjaku are placed in context of the narratives about the builders of temples and about the monks who visited the mainland in search of Buddha’s Teaching. This context helps to understand the principle of selecting (pseudo)biographical details for each of the sages in Konjaku. The themes of a wonderful birth and early learning successes are common in these stories; the theme of appeasement of kami deities or the treaty with them also sounds in many of these stories. In the legends about Kukai and Saichō, the themes of the arts in its Buddhist meaning (calligraphy, sculpture) and the separation of the school within the Buddhist community are also important: according to the plan of their founders, the “secret” schools, preaching enlightenment for all, follow their own special path of practice.
Belief about Medications among Sample of Iraqi Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: J. Jebur Nisreen , J. Kadhim Dheyaa , M. Firhan Nawal. 
Published: December 2018

Inflammatory bowel disease includes both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic, progressive relapsing disease of gastrointestinal tract that require long-term treatment or maintenance therapy. Taking patient’s beliefs about the prescribed medication in consideration had been shown to be an important factor that affects compliance of the patient in whom having positive beliefs is a prerequisite for better compliance. The aim of the current study was to investigate and assess beliefs about medicines among a sample of Iraqi patients with inflammatory bowel disease and to determine possible association between these beliefs and some patient-specific factors.
This study is a cross-sectional study carried out on 150 already diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease patients who attended the Gastroenterology and Hepatology Teaching Hospital/Medical City/Baghdad. The mean age of the patients was (31.7 ± 11.4 years).The number of ulcerative colitis patients was 74, while the number of Crohn’s disease patients was 76. Belief about medicines was measured using the Arabic version of the beliefs about medicines questionnaire. The majority of the patients (58%) had strong beliefs in the necessity of treatment (specific-necessity score greater than specific-concern). For all patients (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease together), there was a significant inverse correlation between male gender and specific concern score. Number of infliximab doses directly correlated with specific necessity score and inversely correlated with specific concern score. Future studies should investigate how interventional approaches addressing these predictors may lead to improve beliefs about medicines among inflammatory bowel disease patients and their impact on disease control.
Formulation and Characterization of Bromocriptine Mesylate as Liquid Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
Authors: Hussein Zainab A. , A. Rajab Nawal 
Published: December 2018

Bromocriptine mesylate is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid derivative with potent dopaminergic activity, used in the treatment of pituitary tumors, Parkinson's disease (PD), hyperprolactinaemia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and type 2 diabetes ,the oral bioavailability is approximately 6%, therefore aim its prepare and evaluate bromocriptine mesylate as liquid self nano emulsifying drug delivery system to enhance its solubility , dissolution and stability . Solubility study was made in different vehicles to select the best excipients for dissolving bromocriptine mesylate. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed at 1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1 ratios of surfactant and co-surfactant, four formulations were prepared using various concentrations of castor oil, tween 80 and ethanol. All prepared formulations were evaluated for particle size distribution, polydispersity index, drug content, thermodynamic stability, dispersibility and emulsification time, robustness to dilution and in vitro drug dissolution. It was found that release rate and extent for all prepared formulations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than plain drug powder. from the study, it was concluded that self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system is a promising approach to improve solubility, dissolution, and stability of bromocriptine mesylate.
Wire Cooling Curve Analysis
Authors: Luo Xinmin , Totten George E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on the cooling process and related transformation behavior of steel wires during patenting to identify a physical metallurgical basis for the development of nontoxic alternatives to molten lead for wire patenting. It describes the materials required, the procedures, and the results of cooling curve analysis. The article schematically summarizes the cooling behaviors of the various cooling media and the microstructure of the pearlite transformation in a lead bath.
Residual Stresses and Distortion in Quenched and Tempered Steels
Authors: Schwenk M. , Hoffmeister J. , Schulze V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In the case of steels, heat treatment plays a fundamental role because no other process step can manipulate the microstructure in order to fulfill such a wide variety of possible in-service conditions. This article addresses heat treatment with regard to hardening and subsequent tempering of steel components in order to optimize tribological properties. It focuses on the heat treatment of tempering and bearing steels and on volume changes that take place due to phase transformations. Plastic deformations that occur due to shrinking and phase transformation are also discussed. The article also describes the generation of thermal, transformation, and hardening residual stresses.
Distortion Engineering
Authors: Clausen B. , Lübben T. , Rentsch R. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article presents the three levels of investigations of distortion engineering. On Level 1, the parameters and variables influencing distortion in every manufacturing step must be identified. More than 200 parameters can affect distortion. The design of experiments approach allows for the investigation of larger numbers of parameters by a limited number of samples, and can be structured into system analysis, test strategy, test procedure, and test evaluation. Level 2 focuses on understanding the distortion mechanisms by using the concept of distortion potential and its carriers. Distortion engineering aims to compensate distortion using the so-called compensation potential (Level 3). Level 3 discusses the measures to improve homogeneity, and respectively the symmetry, of the carriers of the distortion potential. The article also discusses the compensation of the resulting size and shape changes of the existing asymmetries by well-directed insertions of additional inhomogeneity/asymmetries in one or more of the distributions of the carriers.
Steel Decarburization—Mechanisms, Models, Prevention, Correction, and Effects on Component Life
Authors: Wright Roger N. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article focuses on the mechanisms, models, prevention, correction, and effects associated with decarburization inherited from semi-finished product processing prior to induction heating. It discusses the diffusion of carbon in austenitic iron, which has a face-centered cubic crystal structure that provides an interstitial path for the migration of the relatively small carbon atoms. The article describes the evolution of steel microstructure with progressive decarburization (in air) to a steady-state carbon gradient using an iron-iron carbide phase diagram. It provides useful information on the impact of alloying on vulnerability to decarburization, and the impact of decarburization on the mechanical properties of steels and cast irons. The article also describes the technological operations that potentially cause decarburization and the practical implications for induction hardening.
Problems Associated with Heat Treating
Authors: Canale Lauralice C.F. , Vatavuk Jan , Totten George E. , Luo Xinmin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOf the various thermal processing methods for steel, heat treating has the greatest overall impact on control of residual stress and on dimensional control. This article provides an overview of the effects of material- and process-related parameters on the various types of failures observed during and after heat treating of quenched and tempered steels. It describes phase transformations of steels during heating, cooling of steel with and without metallurgical transformation, and the formation of high-temperature transformation products on the surface of a carburized part. The article illustrates the use of carbon restoration on decarburized spring steels. Different geometric models for carbide formation are shown schematically. The article also describes the different microstructural features such as grain size, microcracks, microsegregation, and banding.
Heat Treating and Properties of Ductile Iron
Authors: Hayrynen K. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ductile cast irons are heat treated to create matrix microstructures and associated mechanical properties not readily obtained in the as-cast condition. This article provides a detailed account of the general characteristics of ductile irons. It discusses the most important heat treatments of ductile irons, namely, stress relieving, austenitizing, annealing, normalizing, quenching, martempering, austempering, and surface hardening. The article elucidates the effects of these heat treatments on the mechanical properties of the ductile irons.
Simulation of Steels Prone to Quench Cracking
Authors: Arimoto K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuench cracking is a brittle fracture phenomenon, and its occurrence depends not only on the stress changes but also on the mechanical characteristics of metals. Simulation of quenching processes has become possible in the analysis of quench cracking. This article commences with a discussion on the studies conducted to determine the origin of quench cracks, and then describes various test procedures for determining the susceptibility of quench cracking. It provides a description of the brittle fracture in terms of fracture mechanics and fracture toughness of quenched metals, and discusses the effects of impurities, hydrogen, and surface roughness on cracking. The article exemplifies simulation works applied to several successful cracking tests on cylindrical and complex-shaped steel parts.