bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aging-related hypometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex mediates the relationship between age vs. executive function but not vs. memory in cognitively intact elders
Authors: Pardo José V. , Nyabwari Shantal M. , Lee Joel T. ,   ADNI
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTElucidating the pathophysiology of cognitive decline during aging in those without overt neurodegeneration is a prerequisite to improved diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cognitive aging. We showed previously the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and adjacent medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are centers for aging-related metabolic dysfunction that correlate with age-associated cognitive decline in healthy volunteers. Here, we examine using the extensive and well-characterized ADNI dataset the hypothesis that ACC metabolism in healthy seniors functions as a mediator in the relationship between age and executive function. In agreement with our previous findings, highly significant correlations arose between age and metabolism; metabolism and fluency; and age and fluency. These observations motivated a mediation model in which ACC metabolism mediates the relationship between age and fluency score. Significance of the indirect effect was examined by Sobel testing and bootstrapping. In these cognitively intact seniors with “typical aging,” there was neither a correlation between age and memory scores nor between ACC metabolism and memory scores. The metabolism in a control region, the primary motor cortex, showed no correlation with age or ACC metabolism. These findings motivate further research into aging-related ACC dysfunction to prevent, diagnose, and treat the decline in executive function associated with aging in the absence of known neurodegenerative diseases.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe pathophysiology of aging-related cognitive decline remains unclear but the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a major component of the anterior human attention system, shows decreasing metabolism that correlates with declining executive function despite otherwise intact cognition. Here, the relationships between ACC metabolism, age, executive function, and memory were examined using the large, public, ADNI database. Earlier findings were confirmed. In addition, ACC metabolism was found a mediator between age and executive function. In contrast, no correlation arose between memory and age or between memory and ACC metabolism. No correlations surfaced when using the metabolism of the right primary motor cortex as a control region. Development of preventive medicine and novel treatments will require elucidation of aging-related ACC pathophysiology requiring further research.
Cross-species blastocyst chimerism between nonhuman primates using iPSCs
Authors: Roodgar Morteza , Suchy Fabian P. , Bajpai Vivek , Viches-Moure Jose G. , Bhadury Joydeep , Oikonomopoulos Angelos , Wu Joseph C. , Mankowski Joseph L. , Loh Kyle M. , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , VandeVoort Catherine A. , Snyder Michael P. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThrough the production of chimeric animals, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can generate personalized organs with diverse applications for both basic research and translational medicine. This concept was first validated in rodents by forming a rat pancreas in mice and vice versa. However, the potential use of human iPSCs to generate xenogenic organs in other species is technically and ethically difficult. Recognizing these concerns, we explored the generation of chimeric nonhuman primates (NHP) embryos, by injecting either chimpanzee or pig-tailed macaque iPSCs into rhesus macaque embryos. We first derived iPSCs from chimpanzees and pig-tailed macaques. We found that the chimpanzee iPSCs mixed well with human iPSCs duringin vitroco-culture and differentiation. The differentiation of mixed human and chimpanzee iPSCs formed functioning cardiomyocyte layers in vitro, whereas human or chimpanzee iPSC mixed with pig-tailed macaque or mouse cells do not; these results indicate that chimpanzee and human cells are closely related in function. Considering the ethical aspects of injecting human iPSCs into nonhuman primate blastocysts, we tested whether chimpanzee iPSCs injected into 99 macaque 5-day-old embryos formed cross-species chimeras two days after injection. Strikingly, the chimpanzee iPSCs survived, proliferated and integrated near the inner cell mass (ICM) of rhesus macaque embryos. These findings highlight the broad potential of primate iPSCs in forming cross-species chimeras beyond rodents and provides a foundational basis for organ generation using human iPSCs.
Building Functional Connectivity Neuromarkers of Behavioral Self-Regulation in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Rohr Christiane S. , Kamal Shanty , Bray Signe 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTChildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are known to struggle with behavioral self-regulation, which associates with greater daily-life challenges and an increased risk for psychiatric comorbidities. Despite these negative outcomes, little is known about the neural expression of behavioral regulation in children with and without ASD. Here, we examined whole-brain linear associations between brain functional correlations (FC) and behavioral regulation through connectome predictive modelling (CPM), a data-driven protocol for developing predictive models of brain–behavior relationships from data, assessing ‘neuromarkers’ using cross-validation. Using data from two sites of the ABIDE II dataset comprising 276 children with and without ASD (8-13 years), we identified functional brain networks whose FC predicted individual differences in two, of three, behavioral regulation subdomains. These distributed network models predicted novel individuals’ inhibition and shifting from resting-state FC data both in a leave-one-out, as well as split halves, cross-validation. We observed commonalities and differences in the functional networks associating with these subdomains, with inhibition relying on more posterior networks, shifting relying on more anterior networks, and both involving regions of the DMN. Our findings present a substantial addition to our knowledge on the neural expressions of inhibition and shifting across the spectrum of children with and without ASD, demonstrating the utility of this trans-diagnostic modelling approach. Given the numerous cognitive and behavioral issues that can be quantified dimensionally in neurodevelopmental disorders, further refinement of whole-brain neuromarker techniques may thus pave a way for functional neuroimaging to meaningfully contribute to individualized medicine.
The discrete logic of the Brain - Explicit modelling of Brain State durations in EEG and MEG
Authors: Trujillo-Barreto Nelson J. , Araya David , El-Deredy Wael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider the detection and characterisation ofbrain statetransitions, based on ongoing Magneto and Electroencephalography (M/EEG). Here a brain state represents a specific brain dynamical regime or mode of operation, which produces a characteristic quasi-stable pattern of activity at topography, sources or network levels. These states and their transitions over time can reflect fundamental computational properties of the brain, shaping human behaviour and brain function. The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) has emerged as a useful model-based approach for uncovering the hidden dynamics of brain state transitions based on observed data. However, the Geometric distribution of state duration (dwell time) implicit in HMM places highest probability on very short durations, which makes it inappropriate for the accurate modelling of brain states in M/EEG. We propose using Hidden Semi Markov Models (HSMM), a generalisation of HMM that models the brain state duration distribution explicitly. We present a Bayesian formulation of HSMM and use the Variational Bayes framework to efficiently estimate the HSMM parameters, the number of brain states and select among alternative brain state duration distributions. We assess HSMM performance against HMM on simulated data and demonstrate that the accurate modelling of state duration is paramount for accurately and robustly modelling non-Markovian EEG brain state features. Finally, we used actual resting-state EEG data to demonstrate the approach in practice and conclude that it provides a flexible parameterised framework that permits closer interrogation of possible generative mechanisms.
Social marketing’s role in improving water quality on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Hay Rachel , Eagle Lynne , Saleem Muhammad Abid 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the implications of claimed detrimental impacts for the agricultural activity of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) ecosystem health in Queensland, Australia. The authors discuss the complex interaction of factors that have contributed to the decline in reef ecosystems and the challenges presented by multiple industries operating within the GBR catchment area. The authors then discuss measures employed to address agricultural run-off, claimed to be a significant factor in declining reef water quality.Design/methodology/approachSurveys of land managers were undertaken in partnership with two of the six natural resource management (NRM) organizations operating in areas adjacent to the GBR identified as having very high risk of natural and anthropogenic runoff. The sample population was obtained from a membership database within the two regions. Participants include land managers from the both regions who engaged in sugar cane production (Region 1 and Region 2, included in this paper) and cattle production (Region 2, to be reported later). Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed including open-ended responses.FindingsA large-scale study of land managers reveals several reasons for the lack of success at reducing agricultural run-off. The authors discuss the rationale for a move to a theory-grounded social marketing approach to encouraging land manager behavior change, highlighting barriers, and potential enablers of sustained behavior change.Originality/valueThis study is first of its kind that discusses the behavior of land managers in the GBR catchment area and highlights facilitators and impediments of land managers’ behavior change toward GBR protection actions.
Understanding female consumers’ intention to shop online
Authors: Raman Prashant 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a model to examine the female consumer’s intention to shop online. The rising number of female online shoppers has compelled the analysts and online vendors to believe that understanding the attitude and behaviour of the female consumers is very crucial for their growth.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model is proposed that expands the theory of reasoned action (TRA) with three additional constructs, namely, trust, convenience and customer service. The proposed model is examined with the help of questionnaire responses collected from 909 online shoppers from India.

Findings
The paper empirically shows that there is a significant influence of attitude, convenience, customer service and subjective norm on the female consumer’s intention to buy online. Customer service acts as the most crucial factor in influencing the attitude of female consumers towards online shopping. The paper also points out that trust does not directly affect the female’s intention to shop online but indirectly influences it through attitude.

Practical implications
The paper has significant implications for practitioners. First, the results advocate that convenience and customer service are the vital antecedents to both behavioural intention and behavioural attitude. Second, the paper also showcases that trust influences behavioural intention indirectly through attitude, stressing the need for the online retailers to develop consumers’ trust in online shopping.

Originality/value
The paper examines TRA framework in the context of female online shopping, while earlier studies have concentrated completely on efficiency-based software tools like word processing, spreadsheets, etc. The integration of the three constructs – trust, convenience and customer service – in the TRA framework has not been studied in the past. The interaction effect of the different elements of customer services on the female consumer behaviour has never been examined in the previous research works.
An adaptive wavelet Galerkin scheme for solving contact problems based on elliptic variational inequalities of the first kind
Authors: Ranjan Kumar Kaushik , Kumar Sandeep , Tyagi Amit , Sharma Ambuj 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThe real challenge in the solution of contact problems is the lack of an optimal adaptive scheme. As the contact zone isa prioriunknown, successive refinement and iterative method are necessary to obtain a high-accuracy solution. The purpose of this paper is to provide an optimal adaptive scheme based on second-generation finite element wavelets for the solution of non-linear variational inequality of the contact problem.Design/methodology/approachTo generate an elementary multi-resolution mesh, the authors used hierarchical bases (HB) composed of Lagrange finite element interpolation functions. These HB functions are customized using second-generation wavelet techniques for a fast convergence rate. At each step of the algorithm, the active set method along with mesh adaptation is used for solving the constrained minimization problem of contact case. Wavelet coefficients-based error indicators are used, and computation is focused on mesh zones with a high error indication. The authors take advantage of the wavelet transform to develop a parameter-free adaptive scheme to generate an appropriate and optimal mesh.FindingsAdaptive wavelet Galerkin scheme (AWGS), a newly developed method for multi-scale mesh adaptivity in this work, is a combination of the second-generation wavelet transform and finite element method and significantly improves the accuracy of the results without approximating an additional problem of error estimation equations. A comparative study is performed taking a solution on a highly refined mesh and results are generated using AWGS.Practical implicationsThe proposed adaptive technique can be utilized in the simulation of mechanical and biomechanical structures where multiple bodies come into contact with each other. The algorithm of the method is easy to implement and found to be successful in producing a sufficiently accurate solution with relatively less number of mesh nodes.Originality/valueAlthough many error estimation techniques have been developed over the past several years to solve contact problems adaptively, because of boundary non-linearity development, a reliable error estimator needs further investigation. The present study attempts to resolve this problem without having to recompute the entire solution on a new mesh.
Global sensitivity analysis approaches applied to parameter selection for numerical model-updating of structures
Authors: Jafari Marzieh , Akbari Khaled 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to measure the sensitivity of the structure’s deformation numerical model (NM) related to the various types of the design parameters, which is a suitable method for parameter selection to increase the time of model-updating.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research, a variance-based sensitivity analysis (VBSA) approach is proposed to measure the sensitivity of NM of structures. In this way, the contribution of measurements of the structure (such as design parameter values and geometry) on the output of NM is studied using first-order and total-order sensitivity indices developed by Sobol’. In this way the generated data set of parameters by considering different distributions such as Gaussian or uniform distribution and different order as input along with, the resulted deformation variables of NM as output has been submitted to the Sobol’ indices estimation procedure. To the verification of VBSA results, a gradient-based sensitivity analysis (SA), which is developed as a global SA method has been developed to measure the global sensitivity of NM then implemented over the NM’s results of a tunnel.

Findings
Regarding the estimated indices, it has been concluded that the derived deformation functions from the tunnel’s NM usually are non-additive. Also, some parameters have been determined as most effective on the deformation functions, which can be selected for model-updating to avoid a time-consuming process, so those may better to be considered in the group of updating parameters. In this procedure for SA of the model, also some interactions between the selected parameters with other parameters, which are beneficial to be considered in the model-updating procedure, have been detected. In this study, some parameters approximately (27 per cent of the total) with no effect over the all objective functions have been determined to be excluded from the parameter candidates for model-updating. Also, the resulted indices of implemented VBSA were approved during validation by the gradient-based indices.

Practical implications
The introduced method has been implemented for a circular lined tunnel’s NM, which has been created by Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua software.

Originality/value
This paper plans to apply a statistical method, which is global on the results of the NM of a soil structure by a complex system for parameter selection to avoid the time-consuming model-updating process.
On the response and prediction of multi-layered flexible riser under combined load conditions
Authors: Liu Mengsha , Li J.Y. , Chen Lixin , Ju J.S. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The internal force is more complicated in a combined load case than in a single load case, and the influence of the combined load on the stress cannot be neglected. The purpose of this paper is to study the mechanical behavior of the flexible riser under combined load conditions of tension and internal pressure or external pressure.

Design/methodology/approach
The mechanical behavior of the flexible riser under combined load conditions is studied by numerical simulation with a nine-layer detailed finite element model. The layers of flexible riser are modeled separately, and the interactions between layers have been taken into consideration in numerical simulation.

Findings
Under tension and internal pressure or external pressure, the pressure armor will bear extra external pressure because of the squeezing actions between layers caused by tension, and the extra external pressure will increase proportionately with the increase of the tension. Under internal pressure and tension, the internal stress for tension armor was nearly unchanged compared to that under unique tension load, whereas under external pressure and tension, the change of internal stress for tension armor was significant. Prediction methods of internal force for pressure armor and tension armor under pressure and tension are given, and the result from the formula agrees well with the simulation results.

Originality/value
The prediction methods on the internal force of flexible riser proposed in this study are proven accurate, with numerical simulation results, and the prediction methods are convenient for engineering applications.
Revealing change dynamics in hospital construction projects
Authors: Lavikka Rita Henriikka , Kyrö Riikka , Peltokorpi Antti , Särkilahti Anna 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
Hospital construction projects often suffer from relatively late changes in the project lifecycle, which disrupt the project execution and impact project productivity. The purpose of this paper is to explore the root causes of changes in hospital construction projects. The paper aims to propose ways to prepare for the changes.

Design/methodology/approach
The study focuses on changes during the construction of new hospital facilities. An explorative, case study research design is utilised. Five case projects from Finland, Sweden and the USA were selected for in-depth analysis. The primary data comprise semi-structured interviews, supported by secondary evidence such as change order documents.

Findings
The findings reveal eight categories for change sources: contracts, and equipment and systems are reflective of the fast-paced healthcare technology and changing user requirements, while external environment comprises changes caused by both regulatory and physical environment. Changes in operations are reflected in the continuous development of treatment methods and processes. The user, owner, designer and contractor initiated changes represent the stakeholder influence. The paper makes a connection between these change sources and project complexity dimension. A framework for change dynamics is introduced, and product and process flexibility is suggested as a suitable method to prepare for and manage changes.

Originality/value
The paper is the first to link construction changes to project complexity factors. The paper argues that changes, when managed appropriately, are not only necessary but also beneficial to large construction projects in a quickly changing environment. The findings guide project stakeholders in implementing project flexibility, in the product and process dimensions, which is a balancing force to project complexity.
Normative and descriptive models for COBie implementation: discrepancies and limitations
Authors: Abdirad Hamid , Dossick Carrie S. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to inquire into the reasons why Construction Operation Building Information Exchange (COBie) has not become mainstream across the construction industry despite the significant attempts to promote it.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper framed and compared the normative model of COBie to a descriptive model of COBie. The normative model was based on the assumptions and planned procedures outlined in the COBie documentation. The descriptive model was developed through a case study of COBie implementation, with ethnographic observations, interviews and artifact analysis as the data collection methods and thematic analysis as the data analysis method.

Findings
The comparative analysis of the normative and descriptive models showed that the underlying normative assumptions of COBie can be challenged in its implementation. In the case study, implementing COBie disrupted the conventional practice of few participating firms as the data requirements and the expected sequences and timelines of tasks were not aligned with the industry norms for exchanging data. Furthermore, the normative model of COBie could not account for the unanticipated variability in the internal routines of firms for submittal production.

Practical implications
COBie, as an instruction-based model, may not provide enough flexibility for some firms to adapt to its requirements such that COBie tasks become integrated with their existing workflows. COBie tasks may become additional efforts, and at times, conflict with the industry norms and firms’ routines, and therefore, disrupt the efficiency goals.

Originality/value
This paper provides empirical evidence to clarify why implementing COBie has not been as efficient for all industry players as expected.