bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL DIRITTO FRATERNO E IL PARADOSSO DEI BENI COMUNI DELL’UMANITÀ
Authors: Martini Sandra Regina , Rubino Francesco 
Published: August 2018

<p class="western">O princípio da <em>fraternidade</em>, completamente definido no marco da Metateoria do Direito Fraterno e articulado com a Teoria Geral dos Sistemas Sociais, define um horizonte transcultural no interior do qual é possível enfrentar de maneira inovadora os problemas ecológicos do nosso tempo, particularmente vinculados ao desenvolvimento técnico-científico. Com isso, visibilizam-se os <em>bens comuns</em>, os quais serão apresentados através dos clássicos paradoxos ligados às distinções público/privado, local/global, titularidade/propriedade. Desse modo, para enfrentar a fragilidade e a vulnerabilidade do indivíduo e da espécie humana na sua complexidade em relação às catástrofes políticas, econômicas e ambientais, retorna-se à equivalência entre fraternidade e não violência e à consciência de que a responsabilidade constitui um vínculo imprescindível entre <em>irmãos</em> e oprimidos.</p>
Long-term outcomes among octogenarians with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Dasenbrock Hormuzdiyar , Gormley William B. , Lee Yoojin , Mor Vincent , Mitchell Susan L. , Fehnel Corey R. 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVEData evaluating the long-term outcomes, particularly with regard to treatment modality, of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in octogenarians are limited. The primary objectives were to evaluate the disposition (living at home vs institutional settings) and analyze the predictors of long-term survival and return to home for octogenarians after SAH.METHODSData pertaining to patients age 80 and older who underwent microsurgical clipping or endovascular coiling for SAH were extracted from 100% nationwide Medicare inpatient claims and linked with the Minimum Data Set (2008–2011). Patient disposition was tracked for 2 years after index SAH admission. Multivariable logistic regression stratified by aneurysm treatment modality, and adjusted for patient factors including SAH severity, evaluated predictors of return to home at 60 and 365 days after SAH. Survival 365 days after SAH was analyzed with a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model.RESULTSA total of 1298 cases were included in the analysis. One year following SAH, 56% of the patients had died or were in hospice care, 8% were in an institutional post–acute care setting, and 36% had returned home. Open microsurgical clipping (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54–0.81), male sex (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.87), tracheostomy (aHR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.85), gastrostomy (aHR 0.60, 95% CI 0.48–0.76), and worse SAH severity (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.92–0.97) were associated with reduced likelihood of patients ever returning home. Older age (aHR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05–1.13), tracheostomy (aHR 2.06, 95% CI 1.46–2.91), gastrostomy (aHR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14–2.10), male sex (aHR 1.66, 95% CI 1.20–2.23), and worse SAH severity 1.51 (95% CI 1.04–2.18) were associated with reduced survival.CONCLUSIONSIn this national analysis, 56% of octogenarians with SAH died, and 36% returned home within 1 year of SAH. Coil embolization predicted returning to home, which may suggest a benefit to endovascular treatment in this patient population.
PERFORMA PEMANGGIL ANTRIAN MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA328
Authors: Sukarma I Nyoman , Mudiana I Nyoman , Udayana Septian 
Published: August 2018

Pada kantor atau instansi pelayanan publik, banyak masyarakat yang berkunjung dan menunggu giliran melakukan pembayaran atau transaksi lainnya. Petugas pada instansi tersebut memerlukan sistem pemanggil antrian elektronik untuk menjaga agar antrian berlangsung tertib dan aman. Untuk keperluan ini, peneliti melakukan perancangan dan pembuatan sistem pemanggil antrian elektronik dimana petugas dapat memanggil nomor urut antrian dengan hanya menekan tombol. Sistem pemanggil antrian ini dilengkapi dengan display LED dan speaker. Pada display LED akan muncul angka sesuai dengan hitungan nomor saat itu dan pada speaker akan terdengar nomor antrian. Sistem antrian elektronik ini dirancang menggunakan mikrokontroler ATmega328 yang dilengkapi mp3 decoder dengan fungsi untuk membaca format file mp3 serta speaker guna memanggil para pengantri sesuai dengan nomor urut pada display LED. Dari hasil pengujian, sistem pemanggil antrian ini dapat bekerja dengan baik hingga nomor antrian 999.
MADRASAH: FROM EARLY TIME TO NIZHAMIAH (Sejarah Sosial dan Kelembagaan Pendidikan Islam)
Authors: Harahap Arfiansyah 
Published: August 2018

Abstrak Perkembangan Pendidikan Islam secara kelembagaan dari zaman klasik islam sampai saat ini tampak berbagai bentuk yang bervariasi, disamping lembaga bersifat umum seperti: kuttab, masjid, dan lembaga-lembaga yang mencerminkan kekhasan islam dan kemudian berkembang menjadi Madrasah. Madrasah menjadi pokok permasalahan tersendiri dan begitu menarik untuk dibahas dalam menjadi bahan pembicaraan tentang madrasah, Kebangkitan madrasah merupakan awal dari bentuk pelembagaan pendidikan Islam secara formal. Menariknya pembahasan madarasah ini untuk diteliti, merujuk pada sisi keilmuan, dimana yang ilmu-ilmu diajarkan di madrasah pada umumnya masih merupakan kelanjutan dari yang diajarkan di masjid, hingga akhirnya perkembangan kelembagaan pendidikan Islam menjadi madrasah NizhamiyahKata kunci: Madrasah, Klasik, Sistem, NizamiyahAbstractThe development of Islamic Education institutionally from Islamic classical period to the present seems various forms, in addition the general institutions such as kuttab, mosque, and institutions that reflect the peculiarities of Islam and then develop into Madrasah. Madrasah is the subject of particular problems and so interesting to be discussed. Madrasah awakening is the beginning of the Islamic education institute formally. Interesting discussion of this madarasah to be examined, referring to the scientific side, where the sciences taught in madrasah in general is still a continuation of that taught in the mosque, until the institutional development of Islamic education into madrasah NizhamiyahKeywords: Madrasah, Classical, System, Nizamiyah
Non-detection of Contamination by Stellar Activity in the Spitzer Transit Light Curves of TRAPPIST-1
Authors: Morris Brett M. , Agol Eric , Hebb Leslie , Hawley Suzanne L. , Gillon Michaël , Ducrot Elsa , Delrez Laetitia , Ingalls James , Demory Brice-Olivier 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We apply the transit light curve self-contamination technique of Morris et al. to search for the effect of stellar activity on the transits of the ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1 with 2018 Spitzer photometry. The self-contamination method fits the transit light curves of planets orbiting spotted stars, allowing the host star to be a source of contaminating positive or negative flux that influences the transit depths but not the ingress/egress durations. We find that none of the planets show statistically significant evidence for self-contamination by bright or dark regions of the stellar photosphere. However, we show that small-scale magnetic activity, analogous in size to the smallest sunspots, could still be lurking undetected in the transit photometry.
An investigation into the ability of the reverse yield gap to forecast inflation and economic growth in South Africa
Authors: Gossman Keren A. , Hayes Mark G. 
Published: August 2018

Background: Monetary policy in South Africa is carried out by the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) with the aim of keeping inflation within a target range of 3% – 6%. The SARB uses a variety of models to aid them, with the core model being the most significant. Aim: The primary aim of this research is to determine whether the reverse yield gap (RYG) contains information that could be useful to the SARB when making monetary policy decisions. Setting: The authors found no evidence that similar studies on the RYG have previously been done in the South African context. Since the yield curve has been found to be significant in South Africa at forecasting economic growth, yet insignificant in Europe, the results for this research may too be different to the global experience. Methods: The authors tested for linear relationships between the RYG and economic growth and inflation over the period 1960–2014. Results: The results indicate that a slight linear relationship may exist in the case of economic growth, with the RYG based on earnings yields showing better out-of-sample forecasting abilities. Further investigation indicates that the linear relationship is stronger during times of economic upturn. The results for inflation forecasting, however, show no signs of a reasonable linear relationship. Conclusion: There is evidence for the SARB to consider whether the RYG can replace other economic variables in its core model without loss of predictive ability. Interestingly, this study found evidence to suggest that the RYG has an inverse relationship to future economic growth in South Africa, which is not what was expected.
Exploring contingent convertible bond alternatives for African banks
Authors: Liebenberg Francois J.N. , Van Vuuren Gary W. , Heymans André 
Published: August 2018

Background: A variant of the contingent convertible bond, first proposed in 2011, is investigated: the Call Option Enhanced Reverse Convertible (COERC). Although issued as a bond, it converts to new shareholder’s equity if a bank’s market share of capital falls below a pre-specified trigger point. Aim: COERCs avoid the problems with market-based triggers (e.g. sell-offs and death spirals) due to panic and market manipulation. Banks that issue COERCs have less incentive to choose investments that may be subject to large losses and disincentive problems, associated with the replenishment of shareholder’s equity after market declines (also known as debt overhang) are also avoided. Setting: Proposed amendments to the COERC structure are suggested for the African market. Methods: The data used were simulated, stylised values for a standard COERC. No market parameters are required, such as equity or debt levels or market volatility. Details of the stylised example are provided in Table 4 and Table 5 in the ‘results and discussion’ section. Results: Both examples of floating coupons for COERCS would aid in the objective of issuing a security that is countercyclical in nature, as banks would avoid having to pay coupons in times of distress. Conclusion: In addition to the recommendations of the Basel frameworks, CoCos have been considered and proposed as an additional measure to promote counter cyclicality in terms of capital composition in banks.
Color stability and marginal integrity of interim crowns: An in vitro study
Authors: Elagra Marwa I. , Rayyan Mohammad R. , Alhomaidhi Maisam M. , Alanaziy Areej A. , Alnefaie Mona O. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: Many commercial dental materials are used to fabricate interim restorations. This study aimed to compare the color stability and the marginal integrity of four different interim crown materials. Materials and Methods: An ivorine right maxillary central incisor was prepared for a full coverage all-ceramic restoration. A total of 36 specimens in the form of crowns were fabricated on the master die using four different materials (n = 9); Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin (TrimPLUS), PMMA computer-aided design, and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) blocks (Ceramill TEMP), cold cure bis-acryl resin (Success CD), and bis-acryl resin dual-cure composite (TempSpan). Color change ΔE for each sample was calculated by measuring its color as Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L* a* b* with a spectrophotometer before and after immersing in a concentrated tea solution for 7 days. Marginal gap was measured at four reference points using stereomicroscope at ×40. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey multiple comparisons test were used to determine any statistically significant difference between the four groups, (α = 0.05). Results: Success CD showed significantly the greatest color change (7.7) among all the tested materials, while no significant difference was found between the other three materials. TempSpan showed significantly the highest marginal gap formation (430.15 μm), while no significant difference was found between the three other materials. Conclusions: Bis-acryl resin composite materials demonstrated clinically noticeable change in color while PMMA materials demonstrated superior color stability. Dual cure interim materials exhibited significantly higher marginal discrepancy in comparison to PMMA and cold cure bis-acrylic resin materials. CAD-CAM PMMA material exhibited the best color stability and marginal integrity.
Correlation of environmental tobacco smoke to gingival pigmentation and salivary alpha amylase in young adults
Authors: Ponnaiyan Deepa , Chillara Priyanka , Palani Yuvasri 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Objective: Passive smoking leads to melanin pigmentation on gingiva. However, documentation of gingival pigmentation and salivary amylase activity in passive smokers relative to the duration of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is incomplete and requires further investigation. Thus, this study aimed to assess effects of ETS exposure on gingival pigmentation in young adults. In addition, to correlate a number of years of exposure to an extent, the intensity of gingival pigmentation and salivary amylase activity. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 nonsmokers aged 18–35 years with a positive history of ETS exposure were recruited for the study. Duration and source of ETS were assessed using a questionnaire. Gingival pigmentation was assessed using gingival pigmentation index for the extent and Dummett oral pigmentation index for intensity. The skin color of all patients was also assessed. Pearson Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA was used to statistically analyze the data. Results: Number of years of exposure to passive smoking was highly significant to the extent and intensity of gingival pigmentation (P < 0.001). ETS from home environment was highly significant to the intensity of pigmentation. Environmental sources of ETS contributed to pigmentation as the majority of patients reported exposure from vehicles and workplace. The salivary amylase levels were inversely proportional to the duration of exposure to ETS. Conclusion: Within limitations of this cross-sectional observational study, it was concluded that there was a strong correlation between ETS exposure and gingival pigmentation. Duration of exposure was significant to an extent, the intensity of pigmentation and salivary amylase activity.
Electroorganic synthesis of disulfonamide substituted p-benzoquinone by hydroquinone electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Nassif Seba , Bakeer Deeb , Madwar Rushdi , Khadam Waleed , Nakhla Abeer 
Published: August 2018

This study illustrates electrochemical behavior of hydroquinone and 4-amino-6-chloro­benzene-1,3-disulfonamide in the phosphate buffer solution evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. It was found that the peak of the hydroquinone oxidation potential in the presence of 4-amino-6-chlorobenzene-1,3-disulfonamide is shifted to more positive values compared to hydroquinone alone. Based on these results, the electrochemical synthesis of new disulfonamide substituted p-benzoquinone is proposed and carried out via electro­chemical oxidation of hydroquinone in the presence of 4-amino-6-chlorobenzene-1,3-di­sulfonamide in the electrolytic cell. It has been concluded that hydroquinone is converted into disulfonamide substituted p-benzoquinone via an ECE mechanism. The successful electrochemical synthesis was conducted in the water/ethanol mixture under green conditions without any toxic reagents or solvents and with high atom economy.
Deep-sea Echinoderidae (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Sørensen Martin V. , Rohal Melissa , Thistle David 
Published: August 2018

The bathyal kinorhynch fauna along the Northwest American continental rise is explored, with emphasis on species of Echinoderidae Zelinka, 1894. Seven species of Echinoderes Claparède, 1863 are described as new to science: E. anniae sp. nov., E. dubiosus sp. nov., E. hamiltonorum sp. nov., E. hviidarum sp. nov., E. juliae sp. nov., E. lupherorum sp. nov. and E. yamasakii sp. nov. Three known species, Echinoderes hakaiensis Herranz, Yangel & Leander, 2017, E. cf. unispinosus Yamasaki, Neuhaus & George, 2018 and Fissuroderes higginsi Neuhaus & Blasche, 2006, are reported. The numerous new species indicate that the deep-sea still holds a great, undiscovered diversity of kinorhynchs, and that Echinoderes, as is also the case in more shallow, coastal waters, represents an important component of the deep-sea kinorhynch fauna. The presence of E. hakaiensis in the deep-sea sediments demonstrates that the species may occur at a great depth range, and suggests that depth may play a less important role for the distribution of some kinorhynch species. The finding of the Northeast Atlantic species E. cf. unispinosus and the Southwest Pacific species Fissuroderes higginsi could indicate that kinorhynch species in the deep-sea may cover considerably larger distributional ranges than is assumed for coastal species of Echinoderidae.
Hurrian Meter and Phonology in the Boğazköy Parables
Authors: Sanker Chelsea 
Published: August 2018

This article addresses meter in the Hurrian parables from Boğazköy (KBo 32.14). Bachvarova (2011) has characterized this text as having four stressed syllables per line; others have suggested that the pattern of unstressed syllables may also contribute to the meter (e.g., Haas and Wegner 2007, Neu 1988), although the widely variable line lengths pose a problem for an isosyllabic meter. I offer evidence for a meter consisting of four stressed syllables per line, with one to three unstressed syllables between stressed syllables. I further reconcile a syllable-counting meter with the observed variability in line length by positing that lines are in groups of two to three, forming semantic units. Within these groups, the average difference in syllable count between lines is significantly lower than it is between non-grouped lines.
The similarity within groups of lines suggests that, despite apparent differences based on the orthography, lines within groups may have matched exactly in number of syllables. Postulating this exact match, I offer three phonetic interpretations of the orthography that build on phonological characteristics discussed by Wilhelm (2008) and Wegner (2007): 1) an underlying glottal stop producing disyllabicity of <Ca-a-i> sequences and potentially other plene vowel sequences as well; 2) elision at word boundaries where the first word ended with a vowel and the following word began with a vowel; 3) a monosyllabic realization of a word-internal sequence of a high vowel followed by another vowel.
Such a syllable-counting meter provides a new line of evidence for the phonology of Hurrian as well as contributing to the metrical characteristics that can be found in poetry of the ancient Near East.
Redox‐Targeting‐Based Flow Batteries for Large‐Scale Energy Storage
Authors: Yan Ruiting , Wang Qing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRedox‐targeting reactions of battery materials by redox molecules are extensively studied for energy storage since the first report in 2006. Implementation of the “redox‐targeting” concept in redox flow batteries presents not only an innovative idea of battery design that considerably boosts the energy density of flow‐battery system, but also an intriguing research platform applied to a wide variety of chemistries for different applications. Here, a critical overview of the recent progress in redox‐targeting‐based flow batteries is presented and the development of the technology in the various aspects from mechanistic understanding of the reaction kinetics to system optimization is highlighted. The limitations presently lying ahead for the widespread applications of “redox targeting” are also identified and recommendations for addressing the constraints are given. The adequate development of the redox‐targeting concept should provide a credible solution for advanced large‐scale energy storage in the near future.
The Rise of Hydrogen Peroxide as the Main Product by Metal‐Free Catalysis in Oxygen Reductions
Authors: Melchionna Michele , Fornasiero Paolo , Prato Maurizio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOne of the recent trends in electrocatalytic reactions involves the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), where a new paradigm has been shaped to exploit this reaction for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). H2O2 is a very versatile chemical of high commercial value, prepared currently through poorly sustainable processes. The emergence of metal‐free carbon catalysts for the selective synthesis of H2O2 is expected to revolutionize ORR research, beckoning at the development of new industrial schemes. The complexities of the mechanism and the factors dominating the selectivity of the process have been unveiled through a combination of theoretical and experimental studies.
Biophysical controls of water vapour and energy fluxes: Towards the development of biome scale predictive models of evapotranspiration in the Albany Thicket, South Africa
Authors: Gwate Onalenna , Mantel Sukhmani K. , Palmer Anthony R. , Gibson Lesley A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn understanding of factors modulating water and energy fluxes partitioning over vegetated surfaces is important in a context of global environmental changes. The study evaluated the patterns of water vapour and energy fluxes to enable the development of biome scale predictive evapotranspiration (ET) models over the Albany thicket vegetation. Environmental constraints to ET were assessed by examining the response of ET to biotic and abiotic factors with the latter accounting for >50% variability in ET. Bulk parameters were used to evaluate the integrated impact of biophysical factors on fluxes. The surface conductance (Gs) for use in the Penman–Monteith equation and the Priestley–Taylor coefficient (α) for application in the modified Priestley–Taylor model were modelled as a function of environmental variables. A predictive ET equation developed for the area was validated. On an annual scale, 62% of net radiation was consumed by sensible heat flux, and α was <1, indicating that the area was water limited. The decoupling factor (0.005) suggested strong connection between the canopy and the boundary layer. The patterns of ET and vapour pressure deficit suggest strong ET control through stomatal conductance. The prediction of ET as a function of leaf area index and reference evapotranspiration was better able to simulate observed ET (root mean square error [RMSE] 0.28 mm day−1) than application of the Penman–Monteith equation using modelled Gs (RMSE of 0.59–0.62 mm day−1) when average ET was 0.87 mm day−1. The modified Priestley–Taylor equation did not perform well because ET was strongly coupled to vapour pressure deficit and surface conductance.