bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The urostomy: The poor relation?
Authors: Jury Rachel , Biddle Richard 
Published: June 2019

Aims/ObjectiveTo discuss the findings of a small research project about knowledge of urostomies amongst health care professionals (HCPs).BackgroundThe lead author's urostomy was formed in 2015. From early dealings with HCPs, it was clear that knowledge about urostomies was lacking. In particular, many do not know how to take an uncontaminated urine sample for testing. This has led to treatment delays, anxiety and frustration and caused the author to question care she had received. Discussions with other patients suggested a commonality in experience.Method and findingsWorking with a researcher from a UK‐based stoma charity, we conducted a small qualitative survey of urostomates via a Facebook support group. This asked the question: “How knowledgeable have you found Healthcare Professionals about urostomies?” 52 patients responded. Of these, 50 indicated that lack of knowledge was normal in encounters with HCPs. While in some clinical settings this is understandable, it was notable that some respondents recorded instances where staff on urological wards seemed to confuse a nephrostomy with a urostomy.ConclusionUrostomies are rare. It is estimated that 10 000 people in the United Kingdom have a urostomy, compared with between 110 000 and 120 000 with colostomies/ileostomies. HCPs encounter few during their career. Finding a way to embed knowledge and keep it up‐to‐date is therefore central to the problem. Our project has provided the impetus for larger scale research, with the aim of addressing this issue and improving the treatment and care that patients with urostomies receive.
Comparative risk of new‐onset diabetes mellitus for antihypertensive drugs in elderly: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Tong Aihua , Dai Yan , Niu Jie , Yu Fengquan , Xu Fangjiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is no study to compare different class of antihypertensive drugs on new‐onset diabetes mellitus (NOD) in elderly. We aimed to investigate the risk of antihypertensive drugs on NOD in elderly patients. The databases were retrieved in an orderly manner from the dates of their establishment to October, 2018, including Medline, Embase, Clinical Trials, and the Cochrane Database, to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of different antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients (age > 60 years). Then, a network meta‐analysis was conducted using R and Stata 12.0 softwares. A total of 14 RCTs involving 74 042 patients were included. The relative risk of NOD mellitus associated with six classes of antihypertensive drugs was analyzed, including placebo, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), diuretics, and β blockers. Patients with ACEIs or ARBs appeared to have significantly reduced risk of NOD compare with placebo: ACEIs (OR = 0.49, 95% CrI 0.28‐0.85), ARBs (OR = 0.37, 95% CrI 0.26‐0.52), while CCBs, diuretics, and β blockers appeared to have not significantly reduced risk of NOD mellitus compare with placebo: CCBs (OR = 1.10, 95% CrI 0.85‐1.60), diuretics (OR = 1.40, 95% CrI 0.92‐2.50), β blockers (OR = 1.40, 95% CrI 0.93‐2.10). The SUCRA of placebo, ACEIs, ARBs, CCBs, diuretics, and β blockers was, respectively, 65.3%, 69.3%, 92.3%, 44.1%, 12.1%, and 16.5%. According to the evidence, ARBs have an advantage over the other treatments in reducing the risk of NOD in elderly patients.
Editorial: The passage of time
Authors: Fombonne Eric 
Published: June 2019

In this editorial, the author reflects on changes that occurred in the quality of research on developmental psychopathology over the last 35 years. This is illustrated in the increased quality of nine longitudinal studies that are included in the current issue of JCPP. Using approaches that capitalize on the passage of time, ranging from 28 days to 40 years across investigations, these studies employed multiple levels of analysis, used sophisticated statistical methods to control for confounding factors, included measurement at both the biological, cognitive, and behavioral levels, and collectively provided results that allow improved assessment of causality.
Outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma with anastomosing glands of the stomach
Authors: Kim Tae‐Se , Kim Binnari , Min Byung‐Hoon , Min Yang Won , Lee Hyuk , Lee Jun Haeng , Rhee Poong‐Lyul , Kim Jae J , Kushima Ryoji , Kim Kyoung‐Mee 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimGastric intestinal‐type adenocarcinoma with anastomosing glands (IAAG) is characterized by architectural abnormality with frequent anastomosing glands and low‐grade cytologic atypia. Clinicopathologic features and long‐term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for IAAG remain unclear.MethodsThis study included 2828 patients who underwent ESD for early gastric cancers (EGCs) (78 IAAGs [2.6%] and 2893 well‐differentiated [WD] or moderately differentiated [MD] EGCs [97.4%]). Clinicopathologic features and short‐term and long‐term outcomes of ESD for IAAG were reviewed and compared with those for WD or MD EGCs.ResultsGastric IAAGs were larger and more likely to be confined to the lamina propria than WD or MD EGCs. Histological heterogeneity, flat or depressed lesion and lateral resection margin (LRM) involvement were observed with significantly higher frequencies in IAAGs than in WD or MD EGCs. En bloc with R0 resection and curative resection rates of IAAGs were 79.5% and 73.1%, respectively, and both were significantly lower than those of WD or MD EGCs (93.8% and 82.9%). LRM involvement accounted for 57.1% of the non‐curative resection cases in gastric IAAGs. Half of IAAGs with LRM involvement had a crawling pattern at tumor periphery. Among patients undergoing curative ESD for IAAG, no recurrences occurred during a median 52 months of follow‐up. No lymph node metastasis was found in any of IAAG patients undergoing additional surgery after ESD.ConclusionsGastric IAAGs have distinct clinicopathologic features from WD or MD EGCs. Given the favorable long‐term outcomes after curative resection, ESD can be indicated for early gastric IAAGs.
Geriatric Syndromes in Older Adults Living with HIV and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Hosaka Kalei R.J. , Greene Meredith , Premeaux Thomas A. , Javandel Shireen , Allen Isabel E. , Ndhlovu Lishomwa C. , Valcour Victor 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesNearly half of the population living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States is now older than 50 years with at least 6% over age 65. Between 35% and 50% live with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. Older persons living with HIV (PLWH) also have a substantial burden of HIV‐associated non‐acquired immunodeficiency syndrome medical conditions and are at risk for frailty, geriatric syndromes, and early mortality compared with HIV‐uninfected peers. We sought to define the magnitude of geriatric conditions and multimorbidity in PLWH older than 60 years who are living with symptomatic cognitive impairment. In a subset of participants, we examined associations between these geriatric conditions.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingHIV Elders Study at the University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center.ParticipantsParticipants were HIV infected, virally suppressed, 60 years or older, and clinically diagnosed with mild neurocognitive disorder (MND).MeasurementsWe conducted standardized assessment of geriatric conditions and everyday function and investigated multimorbidity burden using the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index.ResultsAmong 141 older PLWH with MND, 58% report incontinence, 55% meet criteria for pre‐frailty, and a substantial proportion report dependence with instrumental activities of daily living (52%) or activities of daily living (41%). The mean VACS index score is 33 (standard deviation = 14), suggesting a 13.8% 5‐year all‐cause mortality risk.ConclusionsOlder PLWH with symptomatic cognitive impairment carry a substantial burden of other geriatric conditions. Our work supports the need for comprehensive geriatric systems of care for cognitively impaired individuals aging with HIV. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1913–1916, 2019
People with enteral tubes and their carers' views of living with a tube and managing associated problems: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Green Sue M. , Townsend Kay , Jarrett Nikki , Westoby Catherine , Fader Mandy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundNutrition by enteral tube is a complex therapy requiring significant management to ensure safe, timely delivery of nutrients and avoidance of complications. In the home setting, people with enteral tubes and their carers are required to self‐manage the therapy, including the need to cope with problems that arise. Whilst previous studies have conveyed experiences of people with enteral tubes, few have described views on enteral tube problems.Aims and objectivesDrawing on the findings of a previously reported study (Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 2019), this paper aims to describe in‐depth the experiences of people with enteral tubes and their carers of living with the tube day to day and managing problems that arise.DesignA qualitative descriptive design using semi‐structured in‐depth interviews was employed.MethodsA purposive sample of 19 people with enteral tubes and 15 carers of people with tubes participated. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Using a thematic analysis approach, codes were defined and applied; themes developed and refined. Five themes with associated subthemes were generated, of which one, “living with the tube,” is reported in‐depth. The COREQ checklist was used.ResultsParticipants described the tube affecting both physical and psychosocial being and revealed it had resulted in significant changes to their daily living, necessitating adaptation to a new way of life. Participants reported spending much time and effort to manage tube problems, at times without support from healthcare practitioners knowledgeable in tube management. Discomfort associated with the tube was commonly described.ConclusionsLiving with an enteral tube impacts significantly on daily life requiring adaptations to normal routine. People with tubes and their carers use a range of strategies to manage common complications.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge and understanding of how people with enteral tubes live with their tube and manage issues as they arise will enable healthcare practitioners to provide better support.
Patient experience of hospital screening for carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae: A qualitative study
Authors: King Caroline , Grandison Tracyanne , Cawthorne Julie , Currie Kay 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo explore patients' accounts of screening and being managed for colonisation with the antimicrobial resistant organism, carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), when in hospital.BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified as one of the biggest global health challenges of the 21st Century. As the threat from AMR grows, screening to identify patients who are colonised with resistant organisms such as CPE is becoming an increasingly important aspect of nursing practice, in order to reduce risk of transmission of infection within hospitals. There is currently little research evidence on the patient experience of hospital management of CPE colonisation.MethodsQualitative semi‐structured telephone interviews were undertaken, using a topic guide. Nine patients participated in the study. The data were analysed thematically, and rigour was maintained through peer review. The COREQ checklist was used.ResultsTwo main themes were identified: “I can't make sense of CPE,” illustrating limitations in patients' understandings of CPE; and, “I feel as if they are saying it is my fault,” indicating the feelings of responsibility and blame which patients experienced.ConclusionsThis paper contributes original evidence to the limited literature on patients' experiences of being colonised with CPE. The findings suggest that support and information provided for patients by healthcare professionals needs to be based on current evidence‐based guidance on the nature of CPE and its implications for patient care, as well as being responsive to patients' emotional needs.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study has international relevance for nursing practice. As the global threat of AMR grows, the demands on healthcare providers to manage resistant organisms and their implications for patient care within healthcare settings are increasing. Enabling healthcare professionals to engage sensitively with patients being managed for colonisation with CPE is paramount to providing patient‐centred care.
Fine‐scale sociality reveals female–male affiliations and absence of male alliances in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Shannon Estuary, Ireland
Authors: Baker Isabel , O'Brien Joanne , McHugh Katherine , Berrow Simon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractKnowledge of social behavior at an individual level is central to our understanding of complex mammalian societies. In this study, we analyzed the fine‐scale sociality of wild bottlenose dolphins in the Shannon Estuary, Ireland, by examining associations between members of the whole population and between specific female and male dolphins. We carried out 51 boat‐based individual focal follows on 18 identifiable bottlenose dolphins over 90.8 hr (39 days) between 2014 and 2016. Additionally, we conducted 353 boat‐based surveys (with 607 sightings) between 2012 and 2015, and identified 121 distinct adult/juvenile dolphins. The mean group size of focal dolphin groups was 7.2 ± 4.1 (range = 1–20) and the mean fission‐fusion rate was 3.06 ± 1.35 changes/hr. The most frequent composition of within‐group affiliate pairs was female–male. Focal males spent more time with female nearest‐neighbors than male nearest‐neighbors (p = .013). Differences between female and male activity budgets were not strongly supported (p = .13). There was no evidence for male alliance formation in the Shannon Estuary population, and all of the known‐sex top‐ranked associates (7) of known males (n = 10) were females. This research reveals a distinct bottlenose dolphin society with female–male affiliations and an absence of male alliances.
Impact of short nutrient stimuli with different energy source on follicle dynamics and quality of oocyte from hormonally stimulated goats
Authors: Alves Juliana Paula Martins , Fernandes César Carneiro Linhares , Rossetto Rafael , Silva Caroline Pessoa da , Galvão Iolly Tábata Oliveira Marques , Bertolini Marcelo , Rondina Davide 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to verify the effect of the energy source for a short‐term diet supplementation on follicular dynamics, ovarian response and oocyte recovery in goats. Thirty Anglo Nubian crossbred does received a diet for 4 weeks to satisfy the nutritional requirements of breeding for adult non‐dairy goats. Seven days prior to oocyte recovery (OR), a group of does (n = 10) was supplemented with ground full‐fat linseed in the diet (Diet A), whereas a second group of does (n = 10) received crude glycerine in the diet (Diet B). The total mixed ration (TMR) diet was maintained as the Control Diet (n = 10). All animals were oestrous‐synchronized by the use of a progesterone insert for 12 days prior to OR. Follicles were stimulated by using pFSH (five 40‐mg/ml doses) during the supplementation time. At OR, follicles were counted and recovered oocytes were classified as viable or degenerated. Follicular dynamics was monitored by ultrasonography, and plasma glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured during supplementation. Glucose was higher in Diet B and cholesterol in Diet A. Diet B had a lower proportion of small (<3 mm) and large follicles (≥3 mm; p = 0.01). The follicular growth rate was higher in Diet A (p < 0.01), with follicles emerging in the 5th day of supplementation. No differences were observed for follicles counted and oocytes recovered. Thus, the type of energy source supplemented for a short term was capable to alter the follicular dynamics, without affecting the proportion of morphologically viable oocytes upon recovery.
On the use of the rotation minimizing frame for variational systems with Euclidean symmetry
Authors: Mansfield E. L. , Rojo‐Echeburúa A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe study variational systems for space curves, for which the Lagrangian or action principle has a Euclidean symmetry, using the Rotation Minimizing frame, also known as the Normal, Parallel, or Bishop frame. Such systems have previously been studied using the Frenet–Serret frame. However, the Rotation Minimizing frame has many advantages, and can be used to study a wider class of examples.We achieve our results by extending the powerful symbolic invariant calculus for Lie group–based moving frames, to the Rotation Minimizing frame case. To date, the invariant calculus has been developed for frames defined by algebraic equations. By contrast, the Rotation Minimizing frame is defined by a differential equation.In this paper, we derive the recurrence formulae for the symbolic invariant differentiation of the symbolic invariants. We then derive the syzygy operator needed to obtain Noether's conservation laws as well as the Euler–Lagrange equations directly in terms of the invariants, for variational problems with a Euclidean symmetry. We show how to use the six Noether laws to ease the integration problem for the minimizing curve, once the Euler–Lagrange equations have been solved for the generating differential invariants. Our applications include variational problems used in the study of strands of proteins, nucleid acids, and polymers.
Confidence intervals for extreme Pareto‐type quantiles
Authors: Buitendag Sven , Beirlant Jan , de Wet Tertius 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the construction of confidence intervals for extreme quantiles of Pareto‐type distributions. A novel asymptotic pivotal quantity is proposed for these quantile estimators, which leads to new asymptotic confidence intervals that exhibit more accurate coverage probability. This pivotal quantity also allows for the construction of a saddle‐point approximation, from which a second set of new confidence intervals follows. The small‐sample properties and utility of these confidence intervals are studied using simulations and a case study from insurance.
Developments in gender and U.S. politics: A call for intersectionality
Authors: Matthews Morgan C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince “women and politics” scholarship emerged in the 1970s, social, institutional, and theoretical developments have shaped the trajectory of U.S. scholarship in this field. First, the presence of women in formal politics has increased, albeit unevenly across parties and minority groups over time. Simultaneously, the capacity to study “political women” has become supported through institutional mechanisms such as academic journals and communities of practice. Moreover, gender as a critical focus of analysis has been developed and refined. In the literature on women and politics, the shift from studying sex differences to interrogating gendered political institutions is especially salient. This institutional focus, along with recent intersectional studies of gender and politics, increases opportunities for cross‐pollination of sociological and political science perspectives. In this review, I provide a brief history of the U.S. scholarship on gender and politics and map these relevant social, institutional, and theoretical advances. I highlight the value of recent intersectional contributions in this field and make the case for bringing partisanship—an increasingly salient political identity and structure—into intersectional approaches to gender and politics.
Computing and querying strict, approximate, and metrically refined topological relations in linked geographic data
Authors: Regalia Blake , Janowicz Krzysztof , McKenzie Grant 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGeographic entities and the information associated with them play a major role in Web‐scale knowledge graphs such as Linked Data. Interestingly, almost all major datasets represent places and even entire regions as point coordinates. There are two key reasons for this. First, complex geometries are difficult to store and query using the current Linked Data technology stack to a degree where many queries take minutes to return or will simply time out. Second, the absence of complex geometries confirms a common suspicion among GIScientists, namely that for many everyday queries place‐based relational knowledge is more relevant than raw geometries alone. To give an illustrative example, the statement that the White House is in Washington, DC is more important for gaining an understating of the city than the exact geometries of both entities. This does not imply that complex geometries are unimportant but that (topological) relations should also be extracted from them. As Egenhofer and Mark (1995b) put it in their landmark paper on naive geography, topology matters, metric refines. In this work we demonstrate how to compute and utilize strict, approximate, and metrically refined topological relations between several geographic feature types in DBpedia and compare our results to approaches that compute result sets for topological queries on the fly.
DESIGN OF A SINGLE-PHASE RADIAL FLUX PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR WITH VARIATION OF THE STATOR DIAMETER
Authors: Prasetijo Hari , Winasis Winasis , Priswanto Priswanto , Hermawan Dadan 
Published: June 2019

This study aims to observe the influence of the changing stator dimension on the air gap magnetic flux density (Bg) in the design of a single-phase radial flux permanent magnet generator (RFPMG). The changes in stator dimension were carried out by using three different wire diameters as stator wire, namely, AWG 14 (d = 1.63 mm), AWG 15 (d = 1.45 mm) and AWG 16 (d = 1.29 mm). The dimension of the width of the stator teeth (Wts) was fixed such that a larger stator wire diameter will require a larger stator outside diameter (Dso). By fixing the dimensions of the rotor, permanent magnet, air gap (lg) and stator inner diameter, the magnitude of the magnetic flux density in the air gap (Bg) can be determined. This flux density was used to calculate the phase back electromotive force (Eph). The terminal phase voltage (V∅) was determined after calculating the stator wire impedance (Z) with a constant current of 3.63 A. The study method was conducted by determining the design parameters, calculating the design variables, designing the generator dimensions using AutoCad and determining the magnetic flux density using FEMM simulation. The results show that the magnetic flux density in the air gap and the phase back emf Eph slightly decrease with increasing stator dimension because of increasing reluctance. However, the voltage drop is more dominant when the stator coil wire diameter is smaller. Thus, a larger diameter of the stator wire would allow terminal phase voltage (V∅) to become slightly larger. With a stator wire diameter of 1.29, 1.45 and 1.63 mm, the impedance values of the stator wire (Z) were 9.52746, 9.23581 and 9.06421 Ω and the terminal phase voltages (V∅) were 220.73, 221.57 and 222.80 V, respectively. Increasing the power capacity (S) in the RFPMG design by increasing the diameter (d) of the stator wire will cause a significant increase in the percentage of the stator maximum current carrying capacity wire but the decrease in stator wire impedance is not significant. Thus, it will reduce the phase terminal voltage (V∅) from its nominal value.