bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the efficacy of AI systems in diabetic retinopathy detection: A comparative analysis of Mona DR and IDx‐DR
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej , Peeters Freya , Barão Rafael Correia , Brona Piotr , Rommes Stef , Krzywicki Tomasz , Stalmans Ingeborg , Jacob Julie 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare two artificial intelligence (AI)‐based Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Image Assessment (ARIA) softwares in terms of concordance with specialist human graders and referable diabetic retinopathy (DR) diagnostic capacity.MethodsRetrospective comparative study including 750 consecutive diabetes mellitus patients imaged for non‐mydriatic fundus photographs. For each patient four images (45 degrees field of view) were captured, centered on the optic disc and macula. Images were manually graded for severity of DR as no DR, any DR (mild non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy [NPDR] or more), referable DR (RDR (more than mild DR)), or sight‐threatening DR (severe NPDR or more severe disease and/or clinically significant diabetic macular edema [CSDME]). IDx‐DR and MONA DR output was compared with manual grading and with each other.ResultsTotal sample size was 750 patients, of which 55 were excluded due to ungradable images. Out of the remaining 695 patients 522 (75%) were considered as having no DR by manual consensus grading, and 106 (15%) as having RDR. Agreement between raters varied between moderate to substantial. IDx‐DR showed moderate agreement with human grading (k = 0.4285) while MONA DR had substantial agreement (k = 0.6797). Out of 106 patients with a ground truth of RDR, IDx‐DR identified 105 and MONA DR identified 99. The sensitivity and specificity rates for RDR detection of IDx‐DR were 99.1 and 71.5% compared with MONA DR of 93.4 and 89.3% respectively. Of note, both ARIAs had 100% sensitivity for the detection of STDR.ConclusionBoth ARIAs performed well in this study population, both with sensitivity for RDR screening over 90%, with IDx‐DR showing higher sensitivity and MONA DR higher specificity. MONA DR showed superior agreement with human certified graders.
Mapping the maze: A network analysis of social–emotional skills among children and adolescents with social–emotional difficulties
Authors: Huo Ming , Ning Bo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping social–emotional skills is crucial for all children and adolescents, particularly those experiencing social and emotional difficulties. This study used network analysis to identify the central skills and network association of different social–emotional skills and investigated how these networks differ between childhood and adolescence. Data were obtained from the 2019 Survey on Social and Emotional Skills by the Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development. Our study focused on the bottom quartile of participants aged 10 and 15 years, including 7737 and 7439 individuals from each age group. Optimism and cooperation consistently emerged as the central skills of social–emotional competence across both age groups. When comparing network structures, there was a significant difference between children and adolescents. The connectivity of social–emotional networks was stronger among adolescents, indicating closer skill associations. Understanding these developmental differences is important for educators and practitioners to more effectively support the social–emotional development of children and adolescents experiencing social–emotional difficulties.
Comparing Outcomes of Moyamoya Disease and Moyamoya Syndrome in a Real‐World Scenario: A Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Peng , Li Jing‐Jie , Wang Qian‐Nan , Gao Gan , Yu Dan , Zhang Qian , Liu Si‐Meng , Wang Min‐Jie , Bao Xiang‐Yang , Duan Lian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMoyamoya disease (MMD) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) are rare cerebrovascular conditions with unclear distinctions in clinical presentation and prognosis.AimThis study assessed potential differences between MMD and MMS patients using real‐world data on clinical manifestations, surgical outcomes, and stroke risk factors.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective cohort study examined patients with MMD or MMS treated at three tertiary academic hospitals in China, with a mean follow‐up of 11.2 ± 3.1 years. Clinical differences were compared between MMD and MMS, and postoperative cerebrovascular events were compared between patients who underwent surgery and those with conservative management. Primary outcomes were postoperative ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Risk factors were evaluated via multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsOf the 2565 patients, 2349 had MMD and 216 had MMS. After 1:1 propensity‐score matching, no significant differences were observed between these two cohorts. Surgical patients had fewer cerebrovascular events than those who received conservative treatment (HR, 0.487; 95% CI, 0.334–0.711; p < 0.001). Preadmission modified Rankin scale scores > 2 (HR, 3.139; 95% CI, 1.254–7.857; p = 0.015) and periprocedural complications (HR, 8.666; 95% CI, 3.476–21.604; p < 0.001) were independent stroke risk factors in patients with MMD. Periprocedural complications (HR, 31.807; 95% CI, 10.916–92.684; p < 0.001) increased stroke risk in patients with MMS.ConclusionsThis real‐world study revealed substantial clinical overlap between MMD and MMS. Both groups derived significant benefits from surgical revascularization, suggesting distinction may not be necessary to guide surgical management decisions. Optimizing preoperative status and preventing periprocedural complications may improve outcomes in these rare cerebrovascular conditions.Trial RegistrationThis study has been registered in the Chinese Clinical trial registry (registration number: ChiCTR2200064160)
Alcohol‐related injury hospitalisations in relation to alcohol policy changes, Northern Territory, Australia, 2007–2022: A joinpoint regression analysis
Authors: Chen Jerry L. J. , Zhang Xiaohua , Draper Anthony D. K. , Kaur Guddu , Field Emma , Boffa John , Liddle Leanne M. , Burgess Paul , Wright Alyson 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Northern Territory (NT) of Australia has the highest rates of alcohol consumption and injury in the country. We aimed to: (i) describe the epidemiology of alcohol‐related injury (ARI) hospitalisations in the NT; (ii) estimate the proportion of alcohol involvement in injury hospitalisations; and (iii) consider the influence of alcohol policies on ARI hospitalisation trends.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective time‐series study using coded hospitalisation data from NT public hospitals between 2007 and 2022. ARI hospitalisation was defined combining indicators for injury and acute alcohol use. We undertook descriptive analyses and calculated alcohol involvement against all injury hospitalisations. Annual percent changes (APC) were computed using joinpoint regression to examine the influence of alcohol policies on ARI hospitalisation trends by NT geographical regions (Central Australia and Top End).ResultsAlcohol use was associated with 22.6% of all injury hospitalisations. The most common cause of ARI hospitalisations was assault (46%). In Central Australia, a significant trend decline (APC −12.2; p = 0.011) was observed after 2017 following alcohol policies implemented between 2017 and 2018 (Banned Drinkers Register v2; Minimum Unit Price; and Police Auxiliary Liquor Inspectors). Consecutive years with the greatest decrease in Central Australia were 2013–2014 (APC −25.8) and 2018–2019 (APC −35.1); likely influenced by alcohol policies in effect at the time. In the Top End, a non‐significant trend decline (APC −26.1; p = 0.186) was observed after 2020.Discussion and ConclusionsAlcohol policies implemented between 2017 and 2018 were associated with reduced ARI hospitalisations in Central Australia. Alcohol policies that demonstrated reduced harm should be sustained.
An exploratory analysis of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) agonists and biosimilars: A literature review
Authors: Wen Jimmy , Razick Adam , How‐Volkman Christiane , Bernstein Ethan , Nadora Denise , Truong Alina , Razick Daniel , Akhtar Muzammil , Karabala Muhammad , Frezza Eldo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are at the forefront of treating the global health crisis of diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. However, the demand for GLP‐1 RAs has far outstripped its supply and comes with a high monthly cost. Thus, the development of GLP‐1 RA biosimilars can potentially address these barriers by providing greater access to medications that provide clinical outcomes similar to those of the reference products. A narrative review was conducted to examine the current and future developments for GLP‐1 RA biosimilars. Liraglutide and semaglutide are the predominant GLP‐1 RAs being investigated for the development of biosimilars. Preliminary liraglutide biosimilar comparisons to reference liraglutide have demonstrated similar clinical efficacy and safety profiles. Semaglutide and beinaglutide biosimilars are currently under investigation as well. With the growing popularity of GLP‐1 RAs, accessibility and affordability remain a challenge as monthly costs without insurance for liraglutide, semaglutide and tirzepatide are $1418, $892, and $974 respectively. This trend negatively impacts patients with obesity and DM as well as patients who can utilize it for off‐label indications for conditions that benefit from weight loss such as obstructive sleep apnoea and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. A substantial number of pharmaceutical and healthcare companies worldwide are conducting clinical trials on their GLP‐1 RA biosimilars. Preliminary results from liraglutide biosimilars are promising, and several semaglutide biosimilars are currently being investigated. Future research should focus on conducting comparative head‐to‐head trials to determine the clinical outcomes between biosimilars and reference products.
Perceptions of the Teaching Profession and Its Professionalisation in Spain
Authors: Monarca Héctor , Rappoport Soledad , Pericacho Javier , Mottareale Daria , Gratacós Gloria , Azorín Cecilia , Ruiloba Juana , Messina Claudia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe article is based on a novel theoretical framework for studying the teaching profession and its professionalisation from a broad view of Education as a common field in which many different actors take part. The way the field of Education is (re)produced is rarely researched. Rather, its current order is assumed as valid, ignoring the infighting between different actors to control and legitimise particular areas of knowledge, know‐how and practices that comprise it as a field. The article presents a survey‐based study with the following objectives: (1) identify how the teaching faculty perceive the structural and structuring aspects of the teaching profession in the field of education and (2) analyse how those aspects affect the development of a horizontally, democratically and collaboratively articulated profession and its professionalisation with all the other fields in education. The survey was taken by 7145 preschool, primary and secondary teachers at schools in Spain. The results show the structural and structuring features of a field of education, in tatters, differentiated and hierarchical, characterised by an uneven distribution of opportunities for its actors to ‘say’, ‘do’ and ‘decide’. At the same time, the results offer a chance to explore a more horizontal articulation of the teaching profession and its professionalisation within the field of education.
Limbic/paralimbic connection weakening in preschool autism‐spectrum disorder based on diffusion basis spectrum imaging
Authors: Yi Ting , Li Weikai , Wei Weian , Wu Guangchun , Jiang Guihua , Gao Xin , Jin Ke 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the value of basal ganglia and limbic/paralimbic networks alteration in identifying preschool children with ASD and normal controls using diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI). DBSI data from 31 patients with ASD and 30 NC were collected in Hunan Children's Hospital. All data were imported into the post‐processing server. The most discriminative features were extracted from the connection, global and nodal metrics separately using the two‐sample t‐test. To effectively integrate the multimodal information, we employed the multi‐kernel learning support vector machine (MKL‐SVM). In ASD group, the value of global efficiency, local efficiency, clustering coefficient and synchronization were lower than NC group, while modularity score, hierarchy, normalized clustering coefficient, normalized characteristic path length, small‐world, characteristic path length and assortativity were higher. Significant weaker connections are mainly distributed in the limbic/paralimbic networks. The model combining consensus connection, global and nodal graph metrics features can achieve the best performance in identifying ASD patients, with an accuracy of 96.72%.The most specific brain regions connection weakening associated with preschool ASD are predominantly located in limbic/paralimbic networks, suggesting their involvement in abnormal brain development processes. The effective combination of connection, global and nodal metrics information by MKL‐SVM can effectively distinguish patients with ASD.
Neural tracking of the speech envelope predicts binaural unmasking
Authors: Dieudonné Benjamin , Decruy Lien , Vanthornhout Jonas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBinaural unmasking is a remarkable phenomenon that it is substantially easier to detect a signal in noise when the interaural parameters of the signal are different from those of the noise – a useful mechanism in so‐called cocktail party scenarios. In this study, we investigated the effect of binaural unmasking on neural tracking of the speech envelope. We measured EEG in 8 participants who listened to speech in noise at a fixed signal‐to‐noise ratio, in two conditions: one where speech and noise had the same interaural phase difference (both speech and noise having an opposite waveform across ears, SπNπ), and one where the interaural phase difference of the speech was different from that of the noise (only the speech having an opposite waveform across ears, SπN). We measured a clear benefit of binaural unmasking in behavioural speech understanding scores, accompanied by increased neural tracking of the speech envelope. Moreover, analysing the temporal response functions revealed that binaural unmasking also resulted in decreased peak latencies and increased peak amplitudes. Our results are consistent with previous research using auditory evoked potentials and steady‐state responses to quantify binaural unmasking at cortical levels. Moreover, they confirm that neural tracking of speech is associated with speech understanding, even if the acoustic signal‐to‐noise ratio is kept constant. From a clinical perspective, these results offer the potential for the objective evaluation of binaural speech understanding mechanisms, and the objective detection of pathologies sensitive to binaural processing, such as asymmetric hearing loss, auditory neuropathy and age‐related deficits.
Soil Organic Carbon Increases With Decreasing Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency During Vegetation Restoration
Authors: Shi Jingwei , Deng Lei , Wu Jianzhao , Bai Edith , Chen Ji , Shangguan Zhouping , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMicrobial carbon (C) use efficiency (CUE) describes the proportion of organic C used by microorganisms for anabolic processes, which increases with soil organic C (SOC) content on a global scale. However, it is unclear whether a similar relationship exists during natural vegetation restoration in terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we investigated the patterns of CUE along a 160‐year vegetation restoration chronosequence (from farmland to climax forest) estimated by stoichiometric modeling; additionally, we examined the relationship between CUE and SOC content and combined these results with a meta‐analysis. The combination indicated that vegetation restoration decreased CUE from 0.35 to 0.28. Surprisingly, SOC content increased with decreasing CUE during vegetation restoration because forest soils have low pH values and high microbial phosphorus limitations compared to early ecosystems, implying that climax forests may not sequester as much soil C as expected. The shift in soil pH was the most important predictor of CUE compared to climate, plant, and microbial factors. CUE changes were directly induced by soil pH and not by the pH‐induced microbial community. Alkaline soil acidification tended to decrease CUE. This first large‐scale estimate of the relationship between CUE and SOC during natural restoration highlights the need to strengthen C sink management in mature forests to sustain their C sequestration potential.
Effectiveness of oral health care intervention for stroke patients following the introduction of Oral Health Assessment Tool
Authors: Matsunaga Kazuyuki , Yoshida‐Tsuboi Ayaka , Inohara Ken , Yoshida Yasuko , Nakahama Kanako , Sasaki Kazuki , Souda Fumie , Terasawa Yuka , Shimoe Yutaka , Takeuchi‐Hatanaka Kazu , Yamamoto Tadashi , Omori Kazuhiro , Kohriyama Tatsuo , Takashiba Shogo 
Published: December 2024

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of oral health assessment tools in facilitating oral health care interventions by dental care providers for acute stroke patients within 48 h of admission, following a reform of the nursing system.MethodsData were gathered from a retrospective cohort study conducted at a stroke center, comparing 10 months before and after the implementation of the reformed system, with a 2‐month interval. Parameters assessed included stroke type, severity measured using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, stroke history, stroke‐related factors, number of teeth, hospitalization cost and duration, occurrence of fever and pneumonia, stroke treatment, days from admission to dental intervention, and intervention frequency.ResultsImplementation of the new system significantly reduced the time before dental intervention (P < 0.001), increased the frequency of interventions (P < 0.001), and allowed for the management of more severe cases (P = 0.007). However, there was a slight increase in the occurrence of fevers and the days of fever (P = 0.039 and P = 0.015, respectively). Multiple regression analysis showed that fever days were positively correlated with stroke severity and the number of days from admission to dental intervention (P < 0.001 and P = 0.013, respectively). Even after propensity score matching adjusting for stroke severity, these associations persisted. Additional multiple regression analysis was performed after this, but fever days were positively correlated with stroke severity and sex (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively), as well as with the presence of other factors affecting the occurrence of fever.ConclusionsAlthough the frequency and duration of fevers increased slightly, this approach, incorporating oral health assessment tools, made it possible to provide early dental intervention, particularly for patients with severe strokes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 48–53.
Facile preparation and properties of foamed fly‐ash/slag‐based hollow glass microspheres/geopolymer composites
Authors: Yan Shu , He Chenyang , Zhang Man , Wang Wenguang , Wang Shengwei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn order to reuse the multiple solid waste and improve the porosity of geopolymer composites, a unique foaming process was developed to fabricate novel green foamed fly‐ash/slag‐based hollow glass microspheres/geopolymer (HGMs/FSGP) composites. A thorough investigation was carried out on the synergic effects of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and HGMs on the microstructure, strength and thermal conductivity. Results showed that the foamed HGMs/FSGP composites with the amorphous structure could be fabricated by foaming combined with HGMs at room temperature. The density of the samples changed from 1.16 to 0.47 g/cm3 with 1–5 wt.% H2O2. The acceptable compressive strength (0.71–15.05 MPa) of the HGMs/FSGP composites was attributed to the fractured HGMs, the good bond between HGMs and geopolymer matrix, and crack deflection across the HGMs. With proper H2O2 and HGMs, the composites obtained their lowest thermal conductivity of 0.116 W/(m⋅K), which could find use in insulation fields.
A study of microstructure and properties of BaTiO3 from solid‐state and hydrothermal synthesis on MLCCs performance
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Huang Xiong , Zhao Jianwei , Luan Saiwei , Fu Xinyu , Li Bo , Yang Jun , Fu Zhenxiao , Cao Xiuhua , Zhang Lei , Yu Shuhui , Sun Rong 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIt has generally been believed that the performance of ultra‐thin multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) are mainly controlled by doping elements and the contribution of synthesis approaches of BaTiO3 (BT) powders can be neglected. However, in this study, we demonstrate that the solid‐state powders exhibit a heterogeneous distribution of residual BaCO3 (BC), TiO2, or Ti‐rich phases, whereas hydrothermal powders are characterized by a BC surface layer, which can be characterized by nanoinfrared (AFM‐IR), and the divergent approaches play an important role in the “core–shell” structure. The BC layer in hydrothermal BT contributes to Ti vacancies during sintering, increasing the “core–shell” ratio in MLCCs. This results in augmented capacitance but reduced performance at elevated temperatures. Conversely, the presence of a Ti‐rich phase in solid‐state powders induces Ba vacancies, leading to decreased “core–shell” ratios and dielectric constants.
On the impact of nitrogen and aluminum doping on silicon carbide polytype stability: Insights from first principle calculations
Authors: Rajabzadeh Zahra , Hammer René , Romaner Lorenz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSilicon carbide (SiC) can form many different polytypes but their energetic ordering and frequency of occurrence are still not fully understood. In this study, polytype stability in pure and doped SiC as well as charged defects are studied by first‐principle calculations. The dopants under investigation include N and Al which are added as single dopants and also as dopant pairs. Regarding pure SiC, our findings align with previous works which have shown that energy differences between polytypes are smaller than uncertainties related to the choice of exchange‐correlation functional. In contrast, the effects of doping are predicted consistently for different xc functionals with N doping leading to a stabilization of the 3C polytype while Al doping causes only minor changes. This effect is explained based on the differences in the band‐gap of the polytypes and the dopant‐induced defect states in agreement with an explanation suggested by Heine et al (J Am Ceram Soc. 1991;74(10):263033). We further corroborate this explanation with calculations of charged dopants. As a consequence, Al in proximity to N can entirely neutralize the donor and its stabilization effect on 3C. Furthermore, a strong attraction (1.8–1.9 eVs) is observed between the two dopants which indicates that they will occur in pairs. Our results provide a more complete picture of SiC doping and we discuss its implications for the crystal growth process.