bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does digoxin cause more harm than good?
Authors: Reed Grace 
Published: April 2019

Background: The most recent British National Formulary recommends digoxin therapy for patients with heart failure (HF) and/or supraventricular arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter. The positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects of the drug are undoubtedly desirable when managing these conditions, yet the use of digoxin is decreasing in popularity among prescribers. Aim: The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the use of digoxin for treating HF and/or AF. It will highlight the benefits of digoxin as well as its potential risks. These should be considered by all prehospital staff when assessing patients who are prescribed digoxin. Conclusions: Digoxin has shown positive outcomes for reducing hospital admissions for patients with HF and/or AF. However, clinicians should be aware of the narrow therapeutic index, which results in a high incidence of digoxin toxicity. The adverse effects of digoxin use should be considered during prehospital assessment, inclusive of pro-arrhythmic and thromboembolic complications. Whether digoxin may result in harm depends on the age, underlying pathology and renal function of each individual patient.
Metadata Challenges for Long Tail Research Data Infrastructures
Authors: Limani Fidan , Latif Atif , Borst Timo , Tochtermann Klaus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResearch Data has emerged as a 1st class research citizen, providing prospects for new services, projects, and ultimately users. In the context of long tail research data, we aim to make this data available to researchers across disciplines via a set of metadata-based services. The metadata component – GeRDI schema – represents one of the key challenges faced in this undertaking.
Space-Time Discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin Methods for Linear Wave Equations in Heterogeneous Media
Authors: Ernesti Johannes , Wieners Christian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We establish an abstract space-time DPG framework for the
approximation of linear waves in heterogeneous media. The estimates
are based on a suitable variational setting in the energy space. The
analysis combines the approaches for acoustic waves of Gopalakrishnan–Sepulveda [J. Gopalakrishnan and P. Sepulveda,
A space-time DPG method for the wave equation in multiple dimensions,
Space-Time Methods. Applications to Partial Differential Equations,
Radon Ser. Comput. Appl. Math. 21,
Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2019, 129–154]
and Ernesti–Wieners [J. Ernesti and C. Wieners,
A space-time discontinuous Petrov–Galerkin method for acoustic waves,
Space-Time Methods. Applications to Partial Differential Equations,
Radon Ser. Comput. Appl. Math. 21,
Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2019, 99–127]
and is based on the abstract definition of traces on the skeleton of
the time-space substructuring. The method is evaluated by large-scale
parallel computations motivated from applications in seismic imaging,
where the computational domain can be restricted substantially to a subset
of the full space-time cylinder.
Fast Integration of DPG Matrices Based on Sum Factorization for all the Energy Spaces
Authors: Mora Jaime , Demkowicz Leszek 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Numerical integration of the stiffness matrix in higher-order finite element (FE) methods is recognized as one of the heaviest computational tasks in an FE solver.
The problem becomes even more relevant when computing the Gram matrix in the algorithm of the Discontinuous Petrov Galerkin (DPG) FE methodology.
Making use of 3D tensor-product shape functions, and the concept of sum factorization, known from standard high-order FE and spectral methods, here we take advantage of this idea for the entire exact sequence of FE spaces defined on the hexahedron.
The key piece to the presented algorithms is the exact sequence for the one-dimensional element, and use of hierarchical shape functions.
Consistent with existing results, the presented algorithms for the integration of

H
1

{H^{1}}

,

H
⁢

(
curl
)

{H(\operatorname{curl})}

,

H
⁢

(
div
)

{H(\operatorname{div})}

, and

L
2

{L^{2}}

inner products, have the

𝒪
⁢

(

p
7

)

{\mathcal{O}(p^{7})}

computational complexity in contrast to the

𝒪
⁢

(

p
9

)

{\mathcal{O}(p^{9})}

cost of conventional integration routines.
Use of Legendre polynomials for shape functions is critical in this implementation.
Three boundary value problems under different variational formulations, requiring combinations of

H
1

{H^{1}}

,

H
⁢

(
div
)

{H(\operatorname{div})}

and

H
⁢

(
curl
)

{H(\operatorname{curl})}

test shape functions, were chosen to experimentally assess the computation time for constructing DPG element matrices, showing good correspondence with the expected rates.
Gap theorem on Kähler manifolds with nonnegative orthogonal bisectional curvature
Authors: Ni Lei , Niu Yanyan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this paper we prove a gap theorem for Kähler manifolds with nonnegative orthogonal bisectional curvature and nonnegative Ricci curvature, which generalizes an earlier result of the first author [L. Ni,
An optimal gap theorem,
Invent. Math. 189 2012, 3, 737–761]. We also prove a Liouville theorem for plurisubharmonic functions on such a manifold, which generalizes a previous result of L.-F. Tam and the first author [L. Ni and L.-F. Tam,
Plurisubharmonic functions and the structure of complete Kähler manifolds with nonnegative curvature,
J. Differential Geom. 64 2003, 3, 457–524] and complements a recent result of Liu [G. Liu,
Three-circle theorem and dimension estimate for holomorphic functions on Kähler manifolds,
Duke Math. J. 165 2016, 15, 2899–2919].
Efficient synthesis, reactions and spectral characterization of pyrazolo[4’,3’:4,5]thieno[3,2-d] pyrimidines and related heterocycles
Authors: Zaki Remon M. , Kamal El-Dean Adel M. , Radwan Shaban M. , Saber Ahmed F. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
New pyrazolothienopyrimidines were synthesized. The key intermediate 4-aminothieno[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile 1 was converted to the chloroacetyl amino derivative 2 followed by nucleophilic substitution and Dimorth rearrangement upon treatment with nitrogen nucleophiles to give the pyrimidinones 3a-c. Treatment of 3a with formaldehyde and with triethyl orthoformate afforded the respective tetracyclic derivatives 4 and 5. Condensation of the amino group in the o-aminocarbonitrile 1 with triethyl orthoformate followed by cycloaddition reaction with hydrazine led to the formation of pyrazolothienopyrimidine 8. Compound 8 was used as a synthetic precursor to heterocyclic compounds comprised of pyrazole, triazole, triazine, and triazepine derivatives.
Variance reduction estimation for return models with jumps using gamma asymmetric kernels
Authors: Song Yuping , Hou Weijie , Zhou Shengyi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses Nadaraya-Watson estimators for the unknown coefficients in second-order diffusion model with jumps constructed with Gamma asymmetric kernels. Compared with existing nonparametric estimators constructed with Gaussian symmetric kernels, local constant smoothing using Gamma asymmetric kernels possesses some extra advantages such as boundary bias correction, variance reduction and resistance to sparse design points, which is validated through theoretical details and finite sample simulation study. Under the regular conditions, the weak consistency and the asymptotic normality of these estimators are presented. Finally, the statistical advantages of the nonparametric estimators are depicted through 5-minute high-frequency data from Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China.
EFL Students’ Use of Technology in English Lesson in The Digital Era
Authors: Arigusman Anggi , Purnawarman Pupung , Suherdi Didi 
Published: April 2019

Various informations and knowledge including English lesson can easily be accessed. It gives a large opportuniy to the students to take benefts from the use of technology to up grade their English ability. However, most of EFL students seem only use technology for entertainment needs rather than for learning English. Therefore, the objectives of this research are to investigate the kinds of technology tools used by high school students and their beliefs toward the use of technology in English lesson. Mix method approach is used in this research to gain more comprehensive and representative data. The results show that there are eight activities that involve fve kinds of technology that the students frequently used. Those tools are MP3 player, internet browser, cellphone, social networking site, and television. All respondents agree that the use of technology in English lesson is eﬀective. Some advantages of using technology in English lesson appear in this research. However, some barriers or problems also found. The most disturbing barrier faced by the students is the access to internet. They also lack of information of useful technology tools which are possible to be used in English lesson.
Abstrak
Berbagai informasi dan ilmu pengetahuan termasuk pelajaran bahasa Inggris dapat diakses dengan mudah. Hal itu memberikan kesempatan yang besar pada siswa untuk memanfaatkan teknologi guna meningkatkan kemampuan bahasa Inggris mereka. Namun kebanyakan siswa EFL sepertinya lebih cenderung memanfaatkan teknologi untuk sekedar hiburan daripada untuk mengasah bahasa Inggris mereka. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginvestigasi jenis-jenis teknologi yang digunakan oleh siswa SMA dan persepsi mereka terhadap penggunaan teknologi dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris. Pendekatan mixed method digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk memperoleh data yang lebih komprehensif dan representatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada delapan aktiftas siswa yang melibatkan teknologi yang sering mereka gunakan. Yaitu MP3 player, internet browser, telepon seluler, situs jejaring sosial, dan televisi. Seluruh responden setuju bahwa penggunaan teknologi dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris sangat efektif. Beberapa keuntungan pemanfaatan teknologi dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris ditemukan dalam peneitian ini. Akan tetapi beberapa kendala juga ditemukan. Kendala yang paling mengganggu yang dihadapi oleh para siswa adalah akses terhadap fasilitas internet. Mereka juga kekurangan informasi tentang jenis-jenis produk teknologi yang berguna untuk digunakan dalam pelajaran bahasa Inggris.
Keywords: EFL students; English lesson; use of technology; internet
Impact of thyroiditis on 131I uptake during ablative therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Lim Eugenie S , Shah Shanty G , Waterhouse Mona , Akker Scott , Drake William , Plowman Nick , Berney Daniel M , Richards Polly , Adams Ashok , Nowosinska Ewa , Brennan Carmel , Druce Maralyn 
Published: April 2019

Context
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is usually treated by thyroidectomy followed by radioiodine ablation and generally has a good prognosis. It may now be possible to limit the amount of treatment without impacting on efficacy. It is not known whether coexistent thyroiditis impacts on radioiodine uptake or on its potential efficacy, but this could provide a rationale for modification to current therapeutic protocols.

Design
This was a retrospective cohort study of radioiodine uptake on imaging after radioiodine ablation for DTC in patients with and without concurrent thyroiditis. All patients with histologically confirmed DTC treated with radioiodine ablation after thyroidectomy in a single centre from 2012 to 2015 were included. The primary outcome assessed was the presence of low or no iodine uptake on post-ablation scan, as reported by a nuclear medicine physician blinded to the presence or absence of thyroiditis.

Results
One hundred thirty patients with available histopathology results were included. Thyroiditis was identified in 42 post-operative specimens and 15 of these patients had low or no iodine uptake on post-ablation scan, compared to only 2 of 88 patients without thyroiditis (P < 0.0001) with further data analysis dividing the groups by ablation activity received (1100 MBq or 3000 MBq).

Conclusions
Concurrent thyroiditis may impair the uptake of radioactive iodine in management of DTC. Given that patients with DTC and thyroiditis already have a good prognosis, adopting a more selective approach to this step in therapy may be indicated. Large, longitudinal studies would be required to determine if omitting radioactive iodine therapy from those patients with concurrent thyroiditis has a measurable impact on mortality from thyroid cancer.
Antibiotic Prescribing During Pediatric Direct-to-Consumer Telemedicine Visits
Authors: Ray Kristin N. , Shi Zhuo , Gidengil Courtney A. , Poon Sabrina J. , Uscher-Pines Lori , Mehrotra Ateev 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Use of commercial direct-to-consumer (DTC) telemedicine outside of the pediatric medical home is increasing among children, and acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most commonly diagnosed condition at DTC telemedicine visits. Our objective was to compare the quality of antibiotic prescribing for ARIs among children across 3 settings: DTC telemedicine, urgent care, and the primary care provider (PCP) office.METHODS:In a retrospective cohort study using 2015–2016 claims data from a large national commercial health plan, we identified ARI visits by children (0–17 years old), excluding visits with comorbidities that could affect antibiotic decisions. Visits were matched on age, sex, chronic medical complexity, state, rurality, health plan type, and ARI diagnosis category. Within the matched sample, we compared the percentage of ARI visits with any antibiotic prescribing and the percentage of ARI visits with guideline-concordant antibiotic management.RESULTS:There were 4604 DTC telemedicine, 38 408 urgent care, and 485 201 PCP visits for ARIs in the matched sample. Antibiotic prescribing was higher for DTC telemedicine visits than for other settings (52% of DTC telemedicine visits versus 42% urgent care and 31% PCP visits; P &lt; .001 for both comparisons). Guideline-concordant antibiotic management was lower at DTC telemedicine visits than at other settings (59% of DTC telemedicine visits versus 67% urgent care and 78% PCP visits; P &lt; .001 for both comparisons).CONCLUSIONS:At DTC telemedicine visits, children with ARIs were more likely to receive antibiotics and less likely to receive guideline-concordant antibiotic management compared to children at PCP visits and urgent care visits.
A mikro-RNS-ek jelentősége szisztémás autoimmun betegségek kialakulásában
Authors: Jámbor Ilona , Szabó Krisztina , Zeher Margit , Papp Gábor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 18–25 nucleotide long, single stranded, endogenous, non-coding small RNAs playing an important role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional level. miRNAs control approximately 90% of protein-coding genes, and play a central role in various biological processes including immune cell lineage commitment, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Changes in the expression of certain miRNAs may lead to the development of many diseases, including systemic autoimmune diseases. In this study, we summarize the biogenesis of miRNAs, their role in regulation of the immune system, and review the latest research findings in systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. In the future, miRNAs may help not only in establishing diagnosis and prognosis but potentially serve as targets for modern therapeutic approaches in autoimmune diseases. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(15): 563–572.
Apelacja ze strony obrońcy węzła małżeńskiego we współczesnym zreformowanym procesie małżeńskim
Authors: Rozkrut Tomasz 
Published: April 2019

Kanoniczny proces małżeński ma wydobyć prawdę dotycząca zaskarżonego małżeństwa. Musi on zostać przeprowadzony bardzo dokładnie, zgodnie z obowiązującym formalnym kanonicznym prawem procesowym; ponadto dostosowanie do konkretnego przypadku materialnego kanonicznego prawa małżeńskiego winno być zgodne z poprawnym jego stosowaniem. Wymienione dwa obszary, formalnie różne, kanonicznego orzekania na temat nieważności zaskarżonego małżeństwa, mogą stanowić przedmiot ewentualnej apelacji ze strony obrońcy węzła małżeńskiego, przy czym w sytuacji poważnego naruszenia samej struktury współczesnego kanonicznego procesu małżeńskiego, będzie on także mógł złożyć skargę o nieważność wyroku. Obrońca węzła małżeńskiego swoje zadania wypełnia w trzech współczesnych formach procesu małżeńskiego, to znaczy w procesie zwykłym (czyli praktycznie w tym najczęściej występującym), w procesie biskupim (który będąc nową formą orzekania nieważności małżeństwa, winien być otoczony szczególną troską w przedmiocie poprawności jego zastosowania oraz sposobu wyrokowania) oraz w procesie dokumentalnym. Reforma procesowa papieża Franciszka z roku 2015, w szczególności – kiedy analizujemy problematykę apelacji ze strony obrońcy węzła małżeńskiego – sugeruje dwa zagadnienia. Po pierwsze, czy pierwszy wyrok pozytywny w procesie zwykłym jest na tyle sprawiedliwie orzeczony oraz należycie uzasadniony w wydanym wyroku, aby zgodnie ze wspomnianą reformą mógł zostać uznany za wykonalny, oraz w szczególności – po drugie – czy zaistniały warunki dla przeprowadzenia procesu skróconego coram episcopo, sukcesywnie czy został on poprawnie przeprowadzony, gdy idzie o jego elementy zasadnicze, oraz także czy zredagowany wyrok spełnia wymogi dotyczące uzasadnienia pozytywnego orzeczenia. Aktualnie, w wyniku reformy procesowej dokonanej przez papieża Franciszka, wielu autorów podkreśla odpowiedzialność obrońcy węzła małżeńskiego za współczesny kanoniczny proces małżeński, w szczególności w relacji do przedstawianej przez niego apelacji. Mówiąc jeszcze inaczej – zachowuje wciąż aktualność magisterium rotalne Jana Pawła II z roku 1988 – o tym, że obrońca węzła małżeńskiego winien dostosować swoje działania do różnych etapów procesu małżeńskiego; wypada dodać: także do różnych jego współczesnych form.
Developing a Technology-supported Learning Model for Elementary Education Level
Authors: Wang Qiyun 
Published: April 2019

Technology has been increasingly used to promote students’ engagement in online learning environments. Engagement refers to the students’ commitment or effort involved in learning. Engagement often has various categories such as behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. In this paper, a technology-supported learning model is proposed for the purpose of promoting students’ engagement in online learning. This model is composed of three key components: pedagogical design, social design, and technical design. Pedagogical design aims to achieve predefined learning objectives through well-designed instructional strategies and learning activities so that students can be behaviorally engaged (e.g., high participation, active exploration) and cognitively engaged (e.g., asking questions, giving evaluative comments). Social design is to create a comfortable and friendly setting where students are willing to interact with peers and/or with the teacher so that emotional engagement (e.g., positive social relationship between students and the teacher) and cognitive engagement (e.g., knowledge construction) can be attained. Technical design intends to create a usable platform that students can easily manipulate without technical difficulties. All these designs must take the context (e.g., elementary education level) into careful consideration.
Parametric Studies on Solar Performance of Iwan in Traditional Houses in Sulaimani’s old Town
Authors: Abdulrahman Hendren , Ahmed Ahmed , Abtar Are 
Published: April 2019

Iwan, also Eyvan, is strongly associated with the architecture of the Middle East. It has been widely used as a space to serve different purposes in various types of traditional buildings such as mosques, palaces, and houses. This study focuses on the environmental aspects of iwan . The research investigates the effects of changing the exposure degrees of iwan on its insolation within traditional houses in Sulaymaniyah’s old town. Both EnergyPlus and Google SketchUp programs were used to make a 3D model and perform energy simulation analysing for a typical building with iwan in different proportions, similar to what exists in the region. Furthermore, weather data of Sulaymaniyah (latitude 36°) is used in the simulation process.
Several main geometrical variables are affecting the exposure degrees of iwan in Sulaymaniyah:
Firstly, the length and depth of the space change in different houses whereas the height is almost constant, the same as the building’s height, which equals to 3m.
Secondly, the orientation of the iwan , which is usually facing southeast, south, southwest, and both east and west, considered in the simulations and the results obtained separately for each orientation. There is no doubt that in hot seasons, shading is preferable. Whereas, in cold seasons, receiving more solar irradiation is desirable. Based on the results, iwan’s solar performance improves whenever its width is decreased compared to its depth. In addition, the results show that the iwan’s orientation affects significantly on its solar performance, as those facing towards south have better performance, meanwhile, those facing north have it the worst. Furthermore, changing the depth to width ratio for those facing east and west does not seem to affect their solar performance noticeably. Moreover, the results examine to what extend iwan can be used in buildings as a climatic responsive design strategy in Sulaymaniyah.
The Generation of Rifaat Al-Chaderchi Facades Using Standard Shape Grammars
Authors: Al-Jameel Prof. Dr. Ali , Hamid Rana 
Published: April 2019

The architecture of Rifaat Al-Chaderchi is of a distinct particularity with easily distinguished façades, which were artistically composed from rich traditional architectural elements and forms. He was one of the first Iraqi architects to experience the trend of critical regionalism as his works exhibit the interaction between the local traditions of Iraq and Western influences. On the other hand, shape grammar is of great importance in the field of architecture as it provides a fruitful approach for the study and analysis of the formal patterns of different artifacts belonging to certain architectural styles or architects. The current research focuses on the problem of studying the shape grammars of the architectural facades of Al-Chaderchi. It aims at defining the rules of the shape grammars that produced the form of those facades. Thus, the significance of this research stems from the disclosure of the shape rules that underlie the design of Al-Chaderchi facades and providing the possibility for re-application of the derived rules to generate those facades with the synthetic properties and formal relationships that distinguish certain facade from the others. The research adopts the method of standard shape grammars concerned with the structural and formal relationships of the façades compositions and their differences regardless the different criteria and dimensions associated with each facade. The research aim was achieved by the conclusion of the shape rules through which the facades of Al-Chaderchi have been composed. Then, the concluded rules were applied firstly, to derive those facades and secondly, to derive new facades that carry the same formal and elemental structure to test their application potentialities.