bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERα36 gene silencing promotes tau protein phosphorylation, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Wang Hong‐Bin , Li Tao , Ma Dong‐Zhou , Zhi Hua 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTNeuroblastoma is the most common cancer in infants and the third most common cancer in children after leukemia and brain cancer. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor (ER)‐a36 gene silencing on tau protein phosphorylation, cell proliferation, and cell apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cells. SH‐SY5Y cells were treated with estrogen or left untreated, to investigate the effects of estrogen stimulationon ERα36 and the ERK/protein B kinase (AKT) signaling pathway. ERα36 mRNA expressions were detected by quantitative RT‐PCR. A phosphatase kit was used to test protein phosphatase (PP)‐2A activity before and after treatment. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect protein expression of ERα36; tau protein; phosphorylated‐ tau (p‐tau) at site Thr231 [p‐tau (Thr231)]; glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β and its specificity sites (Tyr216 and Ser9); Cyclin Dl; proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA); B‐cell lymphoma (Bcl)‐2; and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (Bax). A cell‐counting kit (CCK)‐8 assay was used to determine cell viability. Cell apoptosis and rate of tumor growth and volume were determined by Annexin V‐FITC/PI staining and a xenotransplanted tumor model in nude mice. Results show that without estrogen stimulation, ERα36 was inactivated. When stimulated by estrogen, expression of ERα36, PP2A, p‐GSK3β (Ser9)/total protein (t)‐GSK3β, Cyclin Dl, PCNA, and Bcl‐2 were up‐regulated, and p‐GSK3β (Tyr216)/ t‐GSK3β expression was down‐regulated, as was p‐tau (Thr231) and Bax expression. The expression of p‐ERK/ERK, p‐AKT/AKT, p‐methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)/MEK, and p‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR expression was up‐regulated, suggesting that the ERK/AKT signaling pathway is activated. Cell proliferation was also accelerated, whereas apoptosis was inhibited with stimulation by estrogen. However, we found that the effects of silencing ERα36 on the expression of related intracellular factors had no association with estrogen. Our study demonstrates that ERα36 gene silencing can inhibit the activation of the ERK/AKT signaling pathway, increase tau protein phosphorylation, decrease cell vitality and tumorigenicity, and promote apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells.—Wang,H.‐B., Li, T.,Ma, D.‐Z.,Zhi, H. ERa36 gene silencing promotes tau protein phosphorylation, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH‐SY5Y cells. FASEB J. 32, 6456‐6468 (2018). www.fasebj.org
DNA methylation of SSPN is linked to adipose tissue distribution and glucose metabolism
Authors: Keller Maria , Klös Matthias , Rohde Kerstin , Krüger Jacqueline , Kurze Tabea , Dietrich Arne , Schön Michael R. , Gärtner Daniel , Lohmann Tobias , Dreßler Miriam , Stumvoll Michael , Blüher Matthias , Kovacs Peter , Böttcher Yvonne 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTDNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic mechanism in obesity and fat distribution. We explored the Sarcospan (SSPN) gene locus by using genome‐wide data sets comprising methylation and expression data, pyro‐sequencing analysis in the promoter region, and genetic analysis of an SNP variant rs718314, which was previously reported to associate with waist‐to‐hip ratio. We found that DNA methylation influences several clinical variables related to fat distribution and glucose metabolism, while SSPN mRNA levels showed directionally opposite effects on these traits. Complete DNA methylation of the SSPN promoter construct suppressed the gene expression of firefly luciferase in MCF7 cells. Moreover, rs718314 was associated with waist and with DNA methylation at CpG sites. Our data strongly support the role of the SSPN locus in body fat composition and glucose homeostasis, and suggest that this is most likely the result of changes in DNA methylation of SSPN in adipose tissue.—Keller, M., Klös, M., Rohde, K., Krüger, J., Kurze, T., Dietrich, A., Schön, M. R., Gärtner, D., Lohmann, T., Dreßler, M., Stumvoll, M., Blüher, M., Kovacs, P., Böttcher, Y. DNA methylation of SSPN is linked to adipose tissue distribution and glucose metabolism. FASEB J. 32, 6898–6910 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Exosomes derived from high‐glucose‐stimulated Schwann cells promote development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Jia Longfei , Chopp Michael , Wang Lei , Lu Xuerong , Szalad Alexandra , Zhang Zheng Gang 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTSchwann cells actively interact with axons of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by transferring their biomaterials, including microRNAs (miRs) into recipient cells. We hypothesized that exosomes derived from Schwann cells stimulated by high glucose (HG) exosomes accelerate development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and that exosomal cargo miRs contribute to this process. We found that HG exosomes contained high levels of miR‐28, ‐31a, and ‐130a compared to exosomes derived from non‐HG‐stimulated Schwann cells. In vitro, treatment of distal axons with HG exosomes resulted in reduction of axonal growth, which was associated with elevation of miR‐28, ‐31a, and ‐130a and reduction of their target proteins of DNA methyltransferase‐3α, NUMB (an endocytic adaptor protein), synaptosome associated protein 25, and growth‐associated protein‐43 in axons. In vivo, administration of HG exosomes to sciatic nerves of diabetic db/db mice at 7 wk of age promoted occurrence of peripheral neuropathy characterized by impairment of nerve conduction velocity and induction of mechanic and thermal hypoesthesia, which was associated with substantial decreases in intra‐epidermal nerve fibers. Our findings demonstrate a functional role of exosomes derived from HG‐stimulated Schwann cells in mediating development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.—Jia, L., Chopp, M., Wang, L., Lu, X., Szalad, A., Zhang, Z. G. Exosomes derived from high‐glucose‐stimulated Schwann cells promote development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. FASEB J. 32, 6911–6922 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Treatment of Incomplete Jones Fracture with Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS): Second Report
Authors: Nagase Tsuyoshi , Tomohiko Tateishi 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
The incidence of fifth metatarsal stress fracture (so-called Jones fracture) is high in soccer players, and it is higher in Japanese than in Europeans. Aiming to prevent this disease, “Jones fracture screening” was performed with a survey of its frequency and an educational activity. At this meeting last year, we reported 5 patients with incomplete fracture that was discovered early and treated using LIPUS. Herein, we report the course of incomplete fracture in 14 feet from 13 patients, including the previously reported patients.

Subjects and Methods:
The subjects were one junior high school student (1 foot), 6 senior high school students (7 feet), and 6 university students (6 feet) who were diagnosed with incomplete fracture by radiography. Nine cases (8 patients) were discovered during the screening, and 5 patients were referred to our hospital by trainers. Each patient received conservative treatment while continuing practice and concomitant treatment with LIPUS was performed appropriately.

Results:
Bone union was achieved in 7 feet (7 patients), the condition progressed to complete fracture in 2 feet (2 patients), and 5 feet (4 patients) are currently being followed. Progression to complete fracture in the 2 feet occurred after discontinuation of treatment with LIPUS.

Discussion:
Early treatment of incomplete Jones fracture with LIPUS may achieve healing without suspending practice. Based on the findings of the 2 feet (2 patients) in which the condition progressed to complete fracture, the risk of progression to complete fracture may be low in the presence of treatment with LIPUS. We expect approval of the indication of LIPUS for the treatment of stress fracture.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) for the Treatment of Non-ossifying Fibroma in the Long Bones of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Muramatsu Keiichi , Iwanaga Ryuta , Taguchi Toshiko 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
Non-ossifying fibroma (NOF) usually occurs in the second decade of life. Patients with lower extremity lesions are at risk for developing pathologic fractures. The etiology is thought to be faulty ossification rather than true neoplasm. LIPUS promotes bone healing in fractures and might be able to be applied to this rare condition. To our knowledge, however, there have been no reports on this attempt. We experienced 2 cases with large non-ossifying fibromas treated by LIPUS and here present their clinical outcomes.

Cases and Results:
12 year-old (case 1) and 13 year-old (case 2) boys had NOF in the distal femur and the proximal tibia. Because NOF occupied the large area of the long bones, we attempted to use LIPUS in both cases. In case 1, NOF gradually disappeared at 2 years after LIPUS treatment. In case 2, NOF was acutely healed after minor fracture of the lesion and spontaneously disappeared.

Discussion:
Non-ossifying fibroma tend to regress as the skeleton matures. LIPUS might stimulate bone ossification and shorten the duration of NOF healing. Minor fracture or non-invasive drilling will help osteogenesis and NOF healing.
Clinical Experience of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) in Scaphoid Fracture
Authors: Iwasaki Hiroki , Uesato Ryoko , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical results of scaphoid fracture.

Materials and Methods:
The subjects were 13 patients (12 males, 1 female) with scaphoid fracture who underwent surgical (10 patients) or conservative (3 patients) therapy in our hospital from 2014 to 2017. Four patients (postoperative 3 and conservative 1) used low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), and 9 patients (postoperative 7 and conservative 2) did not. We divided the patients into 2 groups: the LIPUS group (L group) and the non LIPUS (non L group). We evaluated the L group by Herbert classification, and both groups by the time to bone union and the time to start of therapy from injury. A Mann–Whitney test was used to analyze the time to start of therapy from injury between the L and non L groups.

Results:
Herbert classification in the L group was one each of types A, B, C, and D. Bone union had been achieved in all at the last consultation. The time to bone union in the 4 L group were 3, 6, 7 and 8 months. Patients in the non L group formed union by 3–4 months after start of therapy. The average time to start of therapy from injury was 3.5 months (L group) and 2.0 months (non L group), which was not statistically significantly different.

Discussion:
One case did not present until 12 months after injury, and this influenced our statistical results. The results suggest that we can expect adaptation of LIPUS in an increasing number of cases.
Dementia May Reduce the Effectiveness of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) Following Intramedullary Fixation for Trochanteric Fracture of the Femur
Authors: Watanabe Mitsunobu 
Published: June 2018

Objectives:
Femoral trochanteric fracture often occurs in elderly females with bone fragility, and may accompany the complication of dementia, such as Alzheimer disease. In addition, comminuted fracture and unstable fracture are also confirmed in many cases, but low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is effective in promoting callus formation after osteosynthesis. However, there is a concern that LIPUS may not be effective when dementia develops as a concomitant complication in patients with femoral trochanteric fracture. In this study, we examined the effects of LIPUS to promote callus formation in subjects with and without decreased cognitive function.

Subjects and Methods:
The inclusion criteria included elderly females who underwent reduction with the use of intramedullary nails of the same type, began to receive load training with no limitation on the day following the surgery, and were followed from surgery to convalescent rehabilitation at our hospital. The exclusion criteria included those who received drugs to increase bone quantity, such as osteoporosis drugs (except for alfacalcidol) and AChEIs, routine steroid administration, or artificial dialysis. The subjects were divided into the decreased cognitive function group with HDS-R of 20 points or less and the non-decreased cognitive function group with 21 points or more. These groups were further divided into the LIPUS treated group and the non-treated group, respectively to compare the appearance of callus confirmed by plain X-ray examination.

Results:
In the non-decreased cognitive function group, callus formation was significantly promoted by LIPUS, but LIPUS showed no effect in the decreased cognitive function group.

Discussions:
Patients with dementia, such as Alzheimer disease, exhibit decreased parasympathetic nerve function and decreased bone mass caused by retroplasia of the hypothalamus, as well as protracted synostosis in hip fracture due to dementia. For femoral trochanteric fracture with the complication of decreased cognitive function, concomitant use of LIPUS and AChEIs, which inhibit the aggravation of dementia, may be effective.
Improving Patient Compliance with Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) Treatment (Second Report)
Authors: Oe Keisuke , Fukui Tomoaki , Kuroda Ryosuke 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
There are many reports that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) promotes fracture healing. However, to obtain sufficient therapeutic effect, appropriate use of LIPUS is necessary and patient compliance is very important for that. We reported at this meeting in 2014 about explanation for patients with leaflets, aiming at improvement of compliance. A new model on which calendar function was installed and the implementation rate (actual irradiation days/LIPUS borrowed days) could be clearly indicated has been available since February 2016. In this study, we investigated if the use of the leaflet is meaningful for improving compliance with this new model.

Materials and Methods:
The subjects were 30 patients who underwent LIPUS at our hospital from April 2016 to March 2017 and were followed up for more than 3 months. The subjects consisted of 15 males and 15 females and the average age was 47.4 years (10–78 years) old. We examined compliance both in the group of 11 cases using the new model with explanatory leaflets and in the group of 19 cases using the new model without leaflet explanation.

Results:
The average compliance rate of all patients was 83.2% (37.6%–100%). The average rate was 88.8% in the group with explanatory leaflet and 79.9% in the group without the leaflet (P = 0.11).

Discussion:
Pounder et al reported that the implementation rate was significantly improved by using the new model, indicating the usefulness of the new device. The result of this study suggested that further improvement of compliance could be expected by using the new model and explanatory leaflets.
Effect of Maternal Age on the Risk of Preterm Birth: A Large Cohort Study
Authors: Fuchs Florent , Monet Barbara , Ducruet Thierry , Chaillet Nils , Audibert Francois 
Published: June 2018

(Abstracted from PLoS ONE 2018;13:e0191002)
As maternal age at pregnancy continues to increase worldwide, researchers have become more interested in outcomes of pregnancy in women of advanced age. Although complications such as placenta previa, fetal growth restriction or fetal demise, gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and cesarean delivery are known to be more common in older pregnant women, the relationship between maternal age and preterm birth (PTB) is uncertain.
Maternal Body Mass Index and Use of Labor Neuraxial Analgesia
Authors: Butwick Alexander J. , Wong Cynthia A. , Guo Nan 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Neuraxial labor analgesia may benefit obese women by optimizing cardiorespiratory function and mitigating complications related to emergency general anesthesia. We hypothesized that obese women have a higher rate of neuraxial analgesia compared with nonobese parturients.

Methods
Using U.S. natality data, our cohort comprised 17,220,680 deliveries, which accounts for 61.5% of 28 million births in the United States between 2009 and 2015. We examined the relationships between body mass index class and neuraxial labor analgesia, adjusting for sociodemographic, antenatal, pregnancy, and peripartum factors.

Results
The study cohort comprised 17,220,680 women; 0.1% were underweight, 12.7% were normal body mass index, 37% were overweight, and 28.3%, 13.5%, and 8.4% were obesity class I, II, and III, respectively. Rates of neuraxial analgesia by body mass index class were as follows: underweight, 59.7% (9,030/15,128); normal body mass index, 68.1% (1,487,117/2,182,797); overweight, 70.3% (4,476,685/6,368,656); obesity class I, 71.8% (3,503,321/4,881,938); obesity class II, 73.4% (1,710,099/2,330,028); and obesity class III, 75.6% (1,089,668/1,442,133). Compared to women with normal body mass index, the likelihood of receiving neuraxial analgesia was slightly increased for overweight women (adjusted relative risk, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.02), obese class I (adjusted relative risk, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.04), obese class II (adjusted relative risk, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.05), and obese class III (adjusted relative risk, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.06).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the likelihood of receiving neuraxial analgesia is only marginally increased for morbidly obese women compared to women with normal body mass index.
Osteoma Cutis Arising in Common Blue Nevus (Blue Osteonevus): A Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Dermoscopic Study
Authors: López-Robles Joaquín , Pérez-Plaza Alejandra , Requena Luis , Santonja Carlos 
Published: June 2018

Abstract:
Osteonevus of Nanta is a rare histopathologic variant of melanocytic nevus that results from ossification of the dermis between dermal nests of melanocytes. Most cases described in the literature have been associated with long-standing intradermal nevi and were often located in the upper part of the body. We report a lesion on the shoulder of an elderly man showing the association of a common blue nevus and osteoma cutis, an exceptional feature which has been previously reported in 2 instances. We also describe for the first time the dermoscopic appearance of this “blue osteonevus.”
Impact of Dermoscopy and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy on the Histopathologic Diagnosis of Lentigo Maligna/Lentigo Maligna Melanoma
Authors: Mataca Ema , Migaldi Mario , Cesinaro Anna M. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Equivocal pigmented lesions of the head are usually biopsied to avoid inappropriate treatment. Clinical approach has evolved from simple visual examination to sophisticated techniques for selecting the biopsy sites.

Objective:
This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficiency of dermoscopy (DE) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in sampling a histopathologically representative focus of lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma.

Methods:
Punch biopsies and surgical excisions of 72 patients, 37 men and 35 women (median age 70.6 years, range 39–90 years), affected by lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma of the head, sent from a single dermatology clinic, were reviewed for the presence of 5 histopathologic criteria: atypical junctional melanocytes, increased junctional melanocytes, follicular colonization, pagetoid spread and melanocytic junctional nests, plus other minor features. Forty-two patients were biopsied under DE and 30 under RCM guidance.

Results:
Accuracy of the 2 techniques in sampling a representative tissue overlapped in most cases, although RCM selected sites to biopsy with more histopathologic criteria, in particular pagetoid spread and melanocytic nests. Interestingly, with RCM, inflammation and melanophages were observed more in biopsy than in excision. False positive cases were not registered.

Conclusion:
Compared with the sampling at naked eye, our results show that DE and RCM help selecting the most appropriate areas for biopsies, thus allowing not only more robust histopathologic diagnoses, but also a more accurate microstaging of tumor.
Adverse events related to Trendelenburg position during laparoscopic surgery: recommendations and review of the literature
Authors: Arvizo Cynthia , Mehta Sumit T. , Yunker Amanda 
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review
Laparoscopy is routinely performed for the treatment and management of gynaecologic disorders. During gynaecologic laparoscopy, the patient is placed in the Trendelenburg position to optimize visualization and access to the pelvis. The Trendelenburg position may result in complications in many organ systems.

Recent findings
Trendelenburg positioning may cause rare, potentially life-threatening complications of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Case reports of visual field loss and cognitive aberrations following Trendelenburg positioning have been published. Few intervention studies have been performed evaluating attenuation of changes in intraocular pressure and haemodynamics.

Summary
This review summarizes possible complications related to the Trendelenburg position and current evidence regarding interventions to minimize the risk of complications.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD)
Authors: Wagers Tina Pittman , Stevens Courtney J. , Ross Kaitlin V. , Leon Katherine Kelly , Masters Kevin S. 
Published: June 2018

Purpose:
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a nonatherosclerotic type of acute myocardial infarction that primarily affects young, healthy women without typical risk factors for heart disease. Few investigations have examined psychosocial variables in this population and none have looked at patient perceptions of the experience and stresses associated with having a SCAD event or the resources currently available to SCAD survivors. This investigation describes survivors' subjective experiences of SCAD. Participants also provided information about types and helpfulness of resources available to them post-SCAD, including cardiac rehabilitation.

Methods:
Participants were recruited online and completed a one-time questionnaire.

Results:
Participants (n = 409) completed a questionnaire concerning their experiences with their SCAD event in the 1 y and 2 wk prior to the SCAD event. Their responses reflected moderate to high perceptions of stress. Participants experienced the SCAD event as highly stressful and frightening and their heart health presents as a moderate-severe source of current, post-diagnosis stress. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection–based informational support was frequently rated as inadequate, whereas other supportive resources varied in their helpfulness and accessibility. Participants reported positive experiences in cardiac rehabilitation and strong interest in SCAD-specific, professionally led, online patient education and support groups.

Conclusions:
This study is the largest to date investigation of SCAD survivors and their experiences in this understudied and perhaps underrecognized condition. Opportunities for researchers and providers to develop, tailor, and disseminate SCAD-specific interventions are discussed.