bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomics and microbial composition increase insight into the impact of dietary differences in cirrhosis
Authors: Cox I. Jane , Idilman Ramazan , Fagan Andrew , Turan Dilara , Ajayi Lola , Le Guennec Adrien D. , Taylor‐Robinson Simon D. , Karakaya Fatih , Gavis Edith , Andrew Atkinson R. , Williams Roger , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Nizam Shahzor , Gillevet Patrick M. , Bajaj Jasmohan S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground & AimsDietary changes can modulate gut microbiota and interact with cirrhosis. Our prior study demonstrated that microbial diversity was higher in cirrhotics from Turkish vs the USA, which was associated with lower risk of 90‐day hospitalizations. We aimed to define gut microbial functional and metabolomic changes to increase insight into benefits of the Mediterranean compared to Western diets.MethodsIn all, 139 Turkish (46 controls/50 compensated/43 decompensated) and 157 American subjects (48 controls/59 compensated/50 decompensated) were studied. Turkish subjects consumed a modified Mediterranean diet with daily fermented milk intake, whereas Americans consumed a Western diet. Predicted gut microbial functionalities and plasma metabolomics were compared between/within countries. Correlation network differences between microbiota and metabolites in cirrhotics from Turkey vs the USA were evaluated.ResultsPredicted microbial function showed lower amino acid, bioenergetics and lipid pathways, with functions related to vitamin B, glycan, xenobiotic metabolism, DNA/RNA synthesis, in cirrhotics from Turkey compared to the USA. Plasma metabolomics demonstrated higher relative lactate levels in Turkey vs the USA. The metabolite changes in decompensated cirrhosis, compared to controls, showed similar trends in Turkey and the USA, with reduced lipids and phosphocholines. Phosphocholines were significantly lower in patients hospitalized in 90 days (P = .03). Correlation networks in cirrhotics demonstrated linkage differences between beneficial taxa, Blautia and Oscillispira, and lactate and unsaturated lipids, in Turkey compared to American patients.ConclusionsA modified Mediterranean diet was associated with altered plasma metabolomics and beneficially alters microbiota functionality and correlations compared to Western diet in cirrhosis. These altered diet‐microbial interactions could potentially affect the 90‐day hospitalization risk.
ULTRAPETALA1 maintains Arabidopsis root stem cell niche independently of ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1
Authors: Ornelas‐Ayala Diego , Vega‐León Rosario , Petrone‐Mendoza Emilio , Garay‐Arroyo Adriana , García‐Ponce Berenice , Álvarez‐Buylla Elena R. , Sanchez María de la Paz 
Published: September 2019

Summary

During plant development, morphogenetic processes rely on the activity of meristems. Meristem homeostasis depends on a complex regulatory network constituted by different factors and hormone signaling that regulate gene expression to coordinate the correct balance between cell proliferation and differentiation.

ULTRAPETALA1, a transcriptional regulatory protein described as an Arabidopsis Trithorax group factor, has been characterized as a regulator of the shoot and floral meristems activity. Here, we highlight the role of ULTRAPETALA1 in root stem cell niche maintenance.

We found that ULTRAPETALA1 is required to regulate both the quiescent center cell division rate and auxin signaling at the root tip. Furthermore, ULTRAPETALA1 regulates columella stem cell differentiation.

These roles are independent of the ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX1, suggesting a different mechanism by which ULTRAPETALA1 can act in the root apical meristem of Arabidopsis. This work introduces a new component of the regulatory network needed for the root stem cell niche maintenance.
Treatment of an intraoral mandibular defect due to MRONJ, with an Integra dermal regeneration system and a vacuum formed splint
Authors: Bradshaw T. , Beech A. , Farrier S. , Spicer K. , Farrier J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTreatment of medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw with free‐flaps, leads to increased morbidity and scarring for patients. We present an alternative method of reconstruction post debridement, using a one stage dermal regeneration template system (Integra, Integra Life Sciences Corp, Plainsboro, NJ, USA) and acrylic splint to aid retention and healing.
Predicting atrial fibrillation recurrence after ablation in patients with heart failure: Validity of the APPLE and CAAP‐AF risk scoring systems
Authors: Black‐Maier Eric , Parish Alice , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Green Cynthia L. , Loring Zak , Barnett Adam S. , Al‐Khatib Sana M. , Atwater Brett D. , Daubert James P. , Frazier‐Mills Camille , Hegland Donald D. , Jackson Kevin P. , Jackson Larry R. , Koontz Jason , Lewis Robert K. , Pokorney Sean D. , Sun Albert Y. , Thomas Kevin L. , Bahnson Tristam D. , Piccini Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundCompared with medical therapy, catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure (HF) improves cardiovascular outcomes. Risk scores (CAAP‐AF and APPLE) have been developed to predict the likelihood of AF recurrence after ablation, have not been validated specifically in patients with AF and HF.MethodsWe analyzed baseline characteristics, risk scores, and rates of AF recurrence 12 months postablation in a cohort of 230 consecutive patients with AF and HF undergoing PVI in the Duke Center for Atrial Fibrillation registry from 2009‐2013.ResultsDuring a follow‐up period of 12 months, 76 of 230 (33%) patients with HF experienced recurrent AF after ablation. The median APPLE and CAAP‐AF scores were 1.5 ([Q1, Q3]: [1.0, 2.0]) and 4.0 ([Q1, Q3]: [3.0, 5.0]), respectively and were not different from those patients with and without recurrent AF. Freedom from AF was not different according to APPLE and CAAP‐AF scores. Discrimination for recurrent AF with the CAAP‐AF score was modest with a C‐statistic of 0.60 (95% CI 0.52‐0.67). Discrimination with the APPLE score was similarly modest, with a C‐statistic of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.47‐0.62).ConclusionsValidated predictive risk scores for recurrent AF after catheter ablation exhibit limited predictive ability in cohorts of AF and HF. Additional tools are needed to facilitate risk stratification and patient selection for AF ablation in patients with concomitant HF.
MiR‐505 promotes M2 polarization in choroidal neovascularization model mice by targeting transmembrane protein 229B
Authors: Zhao Su , Lu Lu , Liu Qing , Chen Jun , Yuan Qi , Qiu Shunmei , Wang Xian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe aimed to analyse the relative abundance of miR‐505 in age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Relative expression of miR‐505 was analysed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Macrophage polarization was characterized by measurement of molecular markers including Ym‐1, Arg‐1, TNF‐α and iNOS via both real‐time PCR and Western blot. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) content was determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) formation was evaluated by choroidal flat mount technique. The regulatory action of miR‐505‐5p on 3′UTR of Transmembrane Protein 229B (TMEM229B) was interrogated by luciferase reporter assay. miR‐505 was aberrantly upregulated in both AMD and laser‐induced choroidal neovascularization mouse model. Administration with miR‐505 specific inhibitor suppressed M2 polarization in CNV mice as indicated by decreasing both Ym‐1 and Arg‐1. Meanwhile, VEGF expression and CNV formation were greatly suppressed by miR‐505 inhibition as well. The similar phenotype was consolidated in Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)‐stimulated bone marrow‐derived macrophages. At the molecular level, miR‐505‐5p directly targeted and negatively regulated TMEM229B expression, while forced ectopic expression of TMEM229B significantly rescued miR‐505‐imposed M2 polarization. Our data have uncovered the critical contribution of miR‐505 in AMD, which is predominantly mediated by downregulation of TMEM229B.
The external validity of a novel contract‐relax stretching technique on knee flexor range of motion
Authors: Kay Anthony D. , Dixon Joshua , Bligh Liam D. , Blazevich Anthony J. 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionCompromised joint range of motion (ROM) can negatively affect the capacity to perform activities of daily living in clinical populations. Recently, similar improvements in dorsiflexion ROM were reported following dynamometry‐based contract‐relax (CR) stretching and modified CR stretching technique (stretch‐return‐contract [SRC]) where the contraction phase was performed “off stretch.” As neither the impact of SRC on other muscle groups nor the ecological validity of SRC performed in an applied environment has been tested, the acute effects of both techniques in dynamometry‐ (CRdyna and SRCdyna) and field‐based (CRfield and SRCfield) environments were compared with the hamstring muscle group.MethodsSeventeen participants performed each of the four stretching conditions on separate days in a randomized order. Before and after the stretches, knee extension ROM and passive knee flexor moment were recorded on an isokinetic dynamometer.ResultsSignificant (P < .01) increases in knee extension ROM (4.6‐5.2°) and elastic potential energy storage (12.0%‐23.6%) and decreases in the slope of the passive moment‐angle relation (8.9%‐12.2%) occurred in all conditions. Significant increases in peak passive joint moment were observed after field‐ (14.3%‐14.8%) but not dynamometry‐based (4.6%‐6.6%) stretches. No difference (P > .05) in any measure was found between conditions.ConclusionsThese data confirm the acute efficacy of the SRC technique in the hamstring muscle group and demonstrate its ecological validity in an applied environment in healthy participants. As the field‐based SRC technique was performed without partner assistance, when compared with classical PNF it represents an equally effective and practical stretching paradigm to support athletic and clinical exercise prescription.
Device‐measured light‐intensity physical activity and mortality: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ku Po‐Wen , Hamer Mark , Liao Yung , Hsueh Ming‐Chun , Chen Li‐Jung 
Published: September 2019

IntroductionThe association of light‐intensity physical activity (LPA) with mortality is poorly understood. This meta‐analysis of cohort studies aimed to examine the dose‐response relationships between daily device‐measured LPA and mortality in adults aged 18 or older and to explore whether the associations were independent of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA).MethodsSearches for prospective cohort studies providing effect estimates of daily LPA (exposure) on all‐cause mortality (outcome) were systematically undertaken in electronic databases up to April 30, 2019. Subgroup analyses and meta‐regression analyses with random‐effects models were performed to quantify the dose‐response relationships between daily LPA and mortality. Sensitivity analyses were also conducted to assess the stability of the results.ResultsA total of 11 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Analyses contained 49 239 individuals (mean age 60.7, SD = 13.6) who were followed up for a mean 6.2 years (2.3‐14.2 years), during which 3669 (7.5%) died. In comparison with the reference group (<3 h/d), the pooled HRs (and 95% CIs) of mortality were 0.71 (0.62‐0.82), 0.68 (0.59‐0.79), 0.56 (0.44‐0.71) for groups 3 to <5 h/d, 5 to <7 h/d, and more than 7 hours a day LPA, respectively. Meta‐regression models indicated that there was a log‐cubic dose‐response relationship between daily LPA and mortality in adults and older people, independent of MVPA.ConclusionsTime spent in daily LPA was associated with reduced risks of mortality in adults and older people. These data support the inclusion of LPA in the future physical activity guidelines.
Beyond the “Usual Suspects”? Reimagining Democracy With Participatory Budgeting in Chicago
Authors: Pape Madeleine , Lim Chaeyoon 
Published: September 2019

This article examines whether democratic innovations in the United States attract citizens who are typically underrepresented within existing political institutions. We focus on participatory budgeting, an intervention where residents decide how to allocate a particular pot of public money. Taking “PB Chicago” as our case study, we use survey and interview data to examine whether organizers realized their stated goal of involving residents other than the “usual suspects.” We find that residents who voted in PB Chicago were more often white, college educated, and from higher‐income households relative to both the local population and politically active residents in Chicago. While these residents were not necessarily the most active across other stages of the PB Chicago process, we find little evidence that lower socioeconomic status and minority residents were accessing the civic learning and empowerment gains associated with participatory forms of democracy. Outreach made the process more inclusive but was insufficient to overcome several important structural constraints. Of particular note, the needs and interests of less privileged residents were not met by the narrow capital works focus of PB Chicago. We suggest that when implemented under such conditions, participatory budgeting risks deepening existing political and social inequalities.
Analyses of size and computed tomography densitometry parameters for prediction of keloid recurrence after postoperative electron beam radiation therapy
Authors: Maemoto Hitoshi , Ishigami Kousei , Iraha Shiro , Arashiro Ken , Kusada Takeaki , Ganaha Fumikiyo , Murayama Sadayuki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe lesion size is a risk factor for keloid recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy. However, it remains unclear whether the major axis diameter is the most appropriate parameter to evaluate lesion size, because keloids are often irregular in shape. Additionally, no previous study has investigated computed tomography (CT) densitometry parameters of keloids as potential predictors for recurrence after postoperative radiotherapy.Materials and MethodsThe size and CT densitometry parameters were measured for 74 lesions with CT images of sufficient quality for evaluation. The association between recurrence and size or CT densitometry parameters was analyzed for 64 lesions that could be followed up for 6 months or more.ResultsThe major axis diameter × minor axis diameter × thickness showed the strongest correlation with volume (ρ = 0.96, P < .0001). The median follow‐up period was 71 months, and 17 lesions recurred. The major axis diameter × minor axis diameter × thickness ≥2.5 cm3 (hazard ratio = 5.9, P = .0052) and volume ≥1.2 ml (hazard ratio = 4.3, P = .029) were significantly associated with keloid recurrence under multivariate analyses, while the major axis diameter alone were not. The mean and maximum CT values, and the kurtosis and skewness of density histogram were not significantly different between recurrent and non‐recurrent lesions.ConclusionThe major axis diameter × minor axis diameter × thickness may be a better parameter than the major axis diameter alone. CT densitometry analyses may not help to predict keloid recurrence after postoperative electron beam radiotherapy.
Butyrate‐producing gut bacteria and viral infections in kidney transplant recipients: A pilot study
Authors: Lee John R. , Huang Jennifer , Magruder Matthew , Zhang Lisa T. , Gong Catherine , Sholi Adam N. , Albakry Shady , Edusei Emmanuel , Muthukumar Thangamani , Lubetzky Michelle , Dadhania Darshana M. , Taur Ying , Pamer Eric G. , Suthanthiran Manikkam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe gut microbiome is being associated increasingly with development of infections besides Clostridium difficile infection. A recent study found an association between butyrate‐producing gut (BPG) bacteria and less frequent development of lower respiratory viral infections in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients (Haak et al, Blood 131(26): 2978, 2018). In this investigation, we examine the relationship between the abundance of BPG bacteria and the development of viral infections in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients.MethodsWe recruited 168 kidney transplant recipients who provided 510 fecal specimens in the first 3 months after transplantation and profiled the gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4‐V5 hypervariable region. We classified the kidney transplant recipients into higher BPG Bacteria Group and lower BPG Bacteria Group using the same criteria of 1% relative gut abundance of BPG bacteria as the Haak et al study.ResultsAdministration of antibiotics against anaerobes was associated with a significant decrease in the relative gut abundance of BPG bacteria. The higher BPG Bacteria Group was associated with less development of respiratory viral infections (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 0.28, P = .01) but not with less development of CMV viremia (HR: 0.38, P = .13) or BK viremia (HR: 1.02, P = .98) at 2 years post transplantation.ConclusionOur pilot investigation supports future validation of the relationship between high relative gut abundance of BPG bacteria and decreased risk for development of respiratory viral infections.
Cactus‐induced keratoconjunctivitis in Texas: A case series of three dogs and one cat
Authors: Dowler Kourtney K. , Scott Erin M. , Teixeira Leandro B. C. , Vallone Lucien V. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the historical, clinical, and diagnostic features of small animal patients affected by cactus‐induced keratoconjunctivitis and their response to therapy.Animals studiedThree dogs and one cat.ProceduresOphthalmic examination directed subsequent selected diagnostic tests in each case including light microscopy of extracted foreign bodies, in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), corneal histopathology, and corneal bacterial culture. Treatments consisted of foreign body surgical extraction with concurrent medical therapy (three cases), or medical therapy alone (one case).ResultsClinical histories obtained supported acute cactus injury in all cases. Ophthalmic abnormalities were unilateral in each case and included ulcerative keratoconjunctivitis associated with linear, microscopic conjunctival and/or corneal penetrating cactus spines, known as glochids. Light microscopy and IVCM showed glochids to be heavily barbed, consistent with the spine morphology Prickly Pear (Opuntia) cactus species. Bacterial culture yielded Proprionicimonas sp. in one case with keratomalacia. Surgical extraction of spines was challenging, and residual conjunctival and/or corneal glochids were present in all cases. Patient discomfort resolved at a median of 21 days (range 10‐51 days). Vision‐threatening complications were not observed in any case at the time of last follow‐up examination. Epithelial downgrowth, demonstrated by IVCM and histopathology, was present in one case at 108‐day follow‐up.ConclusionsCactus‐induced keratoconjunctivitis should be considered as a differential in regions in which Opuntia cacti are prevalent, and microscopic ocular foreign bodies are observed. Although glochids are difficult to extract, positive clinical outcomes can occur in small animal patients despite the presence of residual organic corneal foreign material.
A short, sharp pulse of potassium-rich volcanism during continental collision and subduction
Authors: Palmer M.R. , Ersoy E.Y. , Akal C. , Uysal İ. , Genç Ş.C. , Banks L.A. , Cooper M.J. , Milton J.A. , Zhao K.D. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Potassic volcanic rocks are characteristic of collisional tectonic zones, with recycling of continental crust playing an important role in their generation. Potassium-rich partial melts and/or fluids derived from subducted continental material initiate and/or mix with mantle-derived melts and then erupt at the surface with varying degrees of interaction with the overlying lithosphere. The details of how continental material incorporates into mantle melts are, however, uncertain. In particular, the depths from which the potassium-rich fluids and/or melts are released from the continental material and then react with the mantle-derived melts remain a subject of debate. We have measured the boron isotope composition of volcanic rocks from Western Anatolia (Turkey) that erupted between 52 and 0.1 Ma, and span the lifetime of collisional events from initial arc-type eruptions to post-collisional volcanism. These data and other geochemical indices show that ultrapotassic volcanism was mainly confined to a narrow window between ca. 20 and 15 Ma, consistent with recycling of high-pressure phengite, with the timing of the potassic volcanism coincident with slab rollback and breakoff.
Late Holocene ice-mass changes recorded in a relative sea-level record from Joinville Island, Antarctica
Authors: Zurbuchen Julie , Simms Alexander R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent ice-mass loss driven by warming along the Antarctic Peninsula has resulted in rapid changes in uplift rates across the region. Are such events only a function of recent warming? If not, does the Earth response to such events last long enough to be preserved in Holocene records of relative sea level (RSL), and thus have a bearing on global-scale glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) models (e.g. ICE-6G)? Answering such questions in Antarctica is hindered by the scarcity of RSL reconstructions within the region. Here, a new RSL reconstruction for Antarctica is presented based on beach ridges from Joinville Island on the Antarctic Peninsula. We find that RSL has fallen 4.9 ± 0.58 m over the past 3100 yr, and that the island experienced a significant increase in the rate of RSL fall from 1540 ± 125 cal. (calibrated) yr B.P. to 1320 ± 125 cal. yr B.P. This increase in the rate of RSL fall is likely due to the viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to terrestrial ice-mass loss from the Antarctic Peninsula, similar to the Earth response experienced after ice-mass loss following acceleration of glaciers behind the collapsed Larsen B ice shelf in 2002 C.E. Additionally, slower rates of beach-ridge progradation from 695 ± 190 cal. yr B.P. to 235 ± 175 cal. yr B.P. potentially reflect erosion of beach ridges from a RSL rise induced by a local glacial advance. The rapid response of the Earth to minor ice-mass changes recorded in the RSL record further supports recent assertions of a more responsive Earth to glacial unloading and at time scales relevant for GIA of Holocene and Pleistocene sea levels. Thus, current continental and global GIA models may not accurately capture the ice-mass changes of the Antarctic ice sheets at decadal and centennial time scales.