bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The study on composites formation from HDPE and sawdust/rice husk as raw materials
Authors: Mulana F , Mariana M , Hadman M N , Hanipah S H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, composites were prepared using compression molding method from cheap raw materials of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix and mixture of rice husk and sawdust as filler. The small amount of coupling agent was added during preparation of composites and for comparison composite without addition of coupling agent was also prepared. The coupling agent used in this study was maleic anhydride (MA). The aim of this study is to form composites with and without addition of coupling agent and to know the effect of coupling agent addition and different ratio of matrix and filler toward mechanical properties of produced composites. Composites that contained different ratio of matrix and filler were pressed and heated at temperature of 170°C. The composites were tested its mechanical properties (bending strength and tensile strength) and water absorption capacity. The results indicated that the bending strength of the composite increased with addition of 4 wt% of maleic anhydride and with increased the percentage of filler until 50%. As for the tensile strength, the addition of 4 wt% of maleic anhydride as coupling agent increased the tensile strength significantly. The highest bending strength value of 12.8 MPa was obtained from composite prepared from raw materials contained same amount of matrix and filler and addition of 4 wt% of maleic anhydride. While the highest tensile strength value of 6.1 MPa was obtained from composite prepared from raw materials contained ratio percentage of matrix and filler (40:60 of wt%) and addition of 4 wt% of maleic anhydride.
Characterization of adsorbent derived from Coconut Husk and Silica (SiO2)
Authors: Mariana M , Mulana F , Sofyana S , Dian N P , Lubis M R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Activated carbon is one of the most commonly used adsorbents because of its high adsorption effectiveness. However, an adsorbent with one type of activated carbon causes a lacking of adsorption efficiency. Therefore, in this study we prepared activated carbon from two types of raw materials. The type of raw material is a combination of coconut husk and silica with several products of activated carbon that contained coconut husk and silica with mass ratio of 70:30, coconut husk with and without activation and pure silica (SiO2). In this study, raw materials were physically heated at 800 °C for 2 hours and chemically activated with H2SO4 solution for 2 hours. FTIR analysis identified a chemical group of Si-O in adsorbent at 898,83 – 1442,74 cm-1. XRD analysis showed that the prepared activated carbon of combination coconut husk:silica; coconut husk with activation; coconut husk without activation and pure silica had silica (SiO2) composition of 83%; 75%; 62.4% and 63.2%, respectively. The water content in activated carbon of combination coconut:silica; coconut husk with activation; coconut husk without activation and pure silica (SiO2) was 4.41%; 3.87%; 3.21% and 2.71%, respectively and the ash content was 3.9%, 2.04%; 1.86% and 0.32% respectively. Both water content and ash content met Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 06-3730-1995 with the maximum of ash and water content was 10% and 15%.
Risk impact on cost and time from the factors of contractor’s managerial and operational
Authors: Husin S , Abdullah  , Riza M , Afifuddin M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Aceh Province over the last 20 years has experienced different events that can be divided into 3 (three) phases. 1st Phase is the phase of the conflict (2000-2004), 2nd Phase is the post-earthquake and tsunami rehabilitation and reconstruction phase of Aceh (2005-2009), and 3rd Phase is the post-rehabilitation and reconstruction phase (2010-present). Events that occurred during the last 20 years are certainly likely to provide risks to community activities in the province of Aceh. One of the activities affected by the event is the construction project work. The implementation of construction works affected by events in Aceh Province over the last 20 years is highly vulnerable to risks that impact on achieving project objectives such as cost and time. This study analyzes the impact of the contractor and operational managerial risk factors on the cost and timing of construction. Data were obtained from questionnaires distributed to 15 large qualification companies in Aceh Province. Testing data is done by using the validity test and reliability test. Data that has been valid and reliable then analyzed by using Severity Index (SI). The variables of a managerial risk factor with SI to the highest cost in 1st Phase are F5 (incompetent Engineer), 2nd Phase is F3 (lack of contractor experience), and 3rd Phase is F5 (incompetent Engineer). From the operational risk factor, the highest cost SI in each phase is the G3 variable (electrical disorder). The managerial risk factors with the highest time SI in 1st Phase are F6 (lack of top management support), 2nd Phase is F5 (incompetent engineer), and in 3rd Phase is F3 (lack of contractor experience ). From the operational risk factor, the highest time SI at each phase is G3 (electrical disorder).
Childhood activities adults utilizing for the Intervention Reminiscence-Based Screening
Authors: Tallutondok E B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Ageing people is a vulnerable population, so it is a global public health concern among nations. Indonesia has tendency to be an ageing structure population on the future. At one public home care in Jakarta, there was an extremely data about decreasing number of healthy older adults in three consecutive years since 2016. Behind in this problem, the reminiscence screening about childhood activities has done in one public home care. It was utilizing by the basic principle of Intervention Reminiscence – Based Screening. the qualitative study with a mix-method design was used in this study via verbal, then data transformed for four stages namely decontextualization, recontextualization, categorization, and compilation. Data have written text and transform for content analysed by surface structure to identify meaning units follow by coding, categorize, and themes. Participants 22 with inclusion criteria such as healthy, over 60-year-old, pass on sensory and cognitive screening. There were found three themes of childhood activities, namely: physical activity, mental activation, and interactive communication relationship. Although the participants were very excited during survey, there was found one participant who has none idea. Therefore, it is a good idea to develop a media for optimizing cognitive function of elderly in Indonesia.
Living together: The phenomenon of house occupancy in Indonesia with particular reference to Balikpapan East Kalimantan
Authors: Hakim W I , Harjoko T Y 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study explores housing problem concerning the most widely perceived idea of housing needs that heavily influenced by the technical and macro-scale level as well as the units’ tenure and occupancy which is mainly perceived as owning and renting. On the other hand, the housing cannot be seen as such due to the existence of different context of the problem and the various aspirations of occupants. This research highlights the other kind of occupancy phenomenon among Indonesian who can get access to and live in a housing unit without owning or renting – by living and staying with their relatives. In particular reference to Balikpapan East Kalimantan, this study concerns the modus of this specific kind of house occupancy and aims to reveal the housing processes as well as aspirations of the house occupants who live and stay together.
Housing preferences and strategies of Javanese migrants in Jakarta
Authors: Theresia C , Gabe R T , Adianto J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
As the center of development growth, Jakarta has been flooded with massive migration from all over the country, especially Java. With the limited skill to compete in the formal economy sector and soaring house price, living in limited size house becomes the plausible solution for the Javanese migrants. This reality bite serves a severe mismatch between the culture-based housing preferences and available rooms in the occupied house. In order to minimize the mismatch, the migrants deliver various meticulous strategies by utilizing the available resources. This paper examines the housing preferences of Javanese migrants in Jakarta and their strategy to minimize the mismatch between the housing preferences and the occupied houses. Qualitative method and means-end chain analysis are conducted to reveal the housing preferences based on Javanese culture, the delivered strategies, and their connections. The respondent selection encompasses low-cost apartment and high-density slum settlements to represent the common housing type of low-skilled migrants in Jakarta. The result demonstrates that the anchored spirit of togetherness in housing preferences takes form in their unique strategies beyond physical boundaries and materiality.
Shifting from place to non-place: A case study on the central market of Banda Aceh
Authors: Qismullah F I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The transformation of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, through the phases of political war and tsunami disaster leads to the alteration of the central urban areas. The impact of the temporary agglomeration is on the functions of public spaces. There has been a paradigmatic shift of culture transformation in this city from a place of local tradition to a multicultural environment opened to change. The complexity of this transformation was especially influential to its central market. By using the two-sided theories and framework of Jacobs and Alexander, and Auge and Koolhas, this study analyses the historical evolution and perspectives of the central market for urban space. Data collection was from field observations and interviews with the vendors and customers in the market. The results imply that without disregarding the importance of heritage and history, stakeholders that have the power to change the central market must be realistic and adjust the condition according to the current people’s needs as users of this place. Nevertheless, despite some of the vendors’ rejections towards the development of modern markets in the city, this realism of modern markets has been able to solve the problem of other cities by the concept of one-stop shopping for time efficiency and goods availability.
‘Lanting’ as a way of life: A legacy of riverine culture and architecture in the present urban life of Sintang City, West Kalimantan
Authors: Lubis M S , Harjoko T Y , Susanto D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The vast island of Borneo, in the heart of Southeast Asia, is an island famous for its large and powerful rivers. Along with their tributaries and numerous smaller rivers, they represent a key factor in communication and transportation. Sintang is one of the riverfront cities located in the middle stream of Kapuas river in West Kalimantan. In the midst of a rapid urbanization process,’lanting’or floating houses, the legacy of culture and architecture of past Sintang, are still present and needed by the community. This paper discussed the way of life of lanting community in the midst of vast urbanization of the city. Through the grounded-theory method, this study found that lanting has a significant role as a linkage between the rural and urban community. We elaborated the concept of linkage and depicted the transition process of rural-urban society and the role of river community in the urbanization process of Sintang city.
Numerical analysis of the stress leading to fatigue failure on a coil spring of the front suspension of a car
Authors: Putra T E , Husaini  , Ali N , Hasanuddin I , Hendrayana  , Bakhtiar A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study discussed the failure of the coil spring of a vehicle using a numerical method. The component was fabricated using ASTM A227. The coil spring was analyzed under three types of conditions, namely, flawless, defect of 0.2 mm, and defect of 3.5 mm. The simulation results show that the maximum shear stress of 745.8 MPa occurs on the spring with a defect of 3.5 mm. This value is close to the allowed shear stress, which is 799 MPa, but exceeded the yield strength of 731 MPa. This results in plastic deformation and contributes to failure due to fatigue.
Generalization of learned preferences covaries with behavioral flexibility in red junglefowl chicks
Authors: Zidar Josefina , Balogh Alexandra C V , Leimar Olof , Løvlie Hanne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe relationship between animal cognition and consistent among-individual behavioral differences (i.e., behavioral types, animal personality, or coping styles), has recently received increased research attention. Focus has mainly been on linking different behavioral types to performance in learning tasks. It has been suggested that behavioral differences could influence also how individuals use previously learnt information to generalize about new stimuli with similar properties. Nonetheless, this has rarely been empirically tested. Here, we therefore explore the possibility that individual variation in generalization is related to variation in behavioral types in red junglefowl chicks (Gallus gallus). We show that more behaviorally flexible chicks have a stronger preference for a novel stimulus that is intermediate between 2 learnt positive stimuli compared to more inflexible chicks. Thus, more flexible and inflexible chicks differ in how they generalize. Further, behavioral flexibility correlates with fearfulness, suggesting a coping style, supporting that variation in generalization is related to variation in behavioral types. How individuals generalize affects decision making and responses to novel situations or objects, and can thus have a broad influence on the life of an individual. Our results add to the growing body of evidence linking cognition to consistent behavioral differences.
The Critical Role of Codon Composition on the Translation Efficiency Robustness of the Hepatitis A Virus Capsid
Authors: D’Andrea Lucía , Pérez-Rodríguez Francisco-Javier , de Castellarnau Montserrat , Guix Susana , Ribes Enric , Quer Josep , Gregori Josep , Bosch Albert , Pintó Rosa M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHepatoviruses show an intriguing deviated codon usage, suggesting an evolutionary signature. Abundant and rare codons in the cellular genome are scarce in the human hepatitis A virus (HAV) genome, while intermediately abundant host codons are abundant in the virus. Genotype–phenotype maps, or fitness landscapes, are a means of representing a genotype position in sequence space and uncovering how genotype relates to phenotype and fitness. Using genotype–phenotype maps of the translation efficiency, we have shown the critical role of the HAV capsid codon composition in regulating translation and determining its robustness. Adaptation to an environmental perturbation such as the artificial induction of cellular shutoff—not naturally occurring in HAV infection—involved movements in the sequence space and dramatic changes of the translation efficiency. Capsid rare codons, including abundant and rare codons of the cellular genome, slowed down the translation efficiency in conditions of no cellular shutoff. In contrast, rare capsid codons that are abundant in the cellular genome were efficiently translated in conditions of shutoff. Capsid regions very rich in slowly translated codons adapt to shutoff through sequence space movements from positions with highly robust translation to others with diminished translation robustness. These movements paralleled decreases of the capsid physical and biological robustness, and resulted in the diversification of capsid phenotypes. The deviated codon usage of extant hepatoviruses compared with that of their hosts may suggest the occurrence of a virus ancestor with an optimized codon usage with respect to an unknown ancient host.
Interaction Between Vitamin D and Interleukin 6 on Slow Gait Speed: 6-Year Follow-up Data of Older Adults From InCHIANTI
Authors: Kositsawat Jatupol , Kuo Chia-Ling , Barry Lisa C , Melzer David , Bandinelli Stefania , Ferrucci Luigi , Wu Rong , Kuchel George A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Whereas the independent effects of biomarkers, including 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), insulin-like growth factor 1, C-reactive protein, and interleukin 6 (IL-6), on gait speed in older adults have been evaluated, their joint effects on gait speed are not well understood.

Methods
Study subjects aged at least 65 at baseline (N = 970) were enrolled in the population-based Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study from 1998 to 2000 and were followed up at 3 and 6 years. All above biomarkers and gait speed data were measured at each of the three time points. Using a generalized estimating equation approach, we determined if slow gait speed (&lt;0.8 m/s) was associated with the biomarkers. Further investigation was conducted for interactions between high IL-6 (≥.87 pg/mL) and other biomarkers focusing on low 25(OH)D (&lt;20 ng/mL).

Results
After controlling for other biomarkers and potential confounders, IL-6 emerged as the only biomarker independently associated with gait speed. The association between high IL-6 and slow gait speed was enhanced by low 25(OH)D, with significant interaction between high IL-6 and low 25(OH)D (p = .038). The odds ratio of slow gait speed for low 25(OH)D and high IL-6 was 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15, 2.32) compared with the reference groups with both biomarker levels at the other ends.

Conclusion
The association of low vitamin D with slow gait speed statistically interacts with high IL-6. Coexisting vitamin D insufficiency and inflammation may provide a better biomarker for identifying those at risk of developing impairments in gait speed than either factor alone.
The Relationship Between Depression Symptoms and Anxiety Symptoms During Acute ECT for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Huang Chun-Jen , Lin Ching-Hua , Wu Jyh-I , Yang Wei-Cheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in patients with major depressive disorder and concomitant anxiety symptoms and explored the relationships between depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms during acute electroconvulsive therapy.MethodsMajor depressive disorder inpatients (N = 130) requiring electroconvulsive therapy were recruited for a maximum of 12 treatments each. Depression symptoms, using the core factor subscale derived from the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and anxiety symptoms, using the anxiety/somatization subscale from the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17, were assessed before electroconvulsive therapy, after every 3 electroconvulsive therapy treatments, and after the final electroconvulsive therapy. Both core factor subscale and anxiety/somatization subscale scores were converted to T-score units to compare the degrees of changes between depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms after electroconvulsive therapy. The relationships between core factor subscale and anxiety/somatization subscale were analyzed using the cross-lagged longitudinal model during acute electroconvulsive therapy.ResultsA total 116 patients who completed at least the first 3 electroconvulsive therapy treatments were included in the analysis. Reduction of core factor scale T-scores was significantly greater than that of anxiety/somatization subscale T-scores. The model satisfied all indices of goodness-of-fit (chi-square = 30.204, df = 24, P = 0.178, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.976, Comparative Fit Index = 0.989, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.047). Core factor subscale changes did not definitely predict subsequent anxiety/somatization subscale changes.ConclusionsElectroconvulsive therapy is effective in the acute treatment of major depressive disorder patients associated with anxiety symptoms. Anxiety symptoms improved less than depression symptoms during acute electroconvulsive therapy. However, earlier reduction in depression symptoms does not definitely drive subsequent relief in anxiety symptoms.
Intranasal Vaccination With Multiple Virulence Factors Promotes Mucosal Clearance of Streptococcus suis Across Serotypes and Protects Against Meningitis in Mice
Authors: Xing Xinxin , Bi Shuai , Fan Xin , Jin Meilin , Liu Wenjun , Wang Beinan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundStreptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic agent. Its natural habitat is the tonsils, which are the main portals of S. suis entry into the bloodstream of pigs. The remarkable variability of the bacteria and complex pathogenic mechanisms make the development of a vaccine a difficult task.MethodFive conserved virulence factors involved in critical events of S. suis pathogenesis were combined and used as an intranasal vaccine (V5). The effect of V5 was investigated with intranasal and systemic challenge models.ResultsV5 induced antibody and T-cell responses at the mucosal site and systemically. The immunity promoted clearance of S. suis from the nasopharynx independent of S. suis serotypes and reduced lethality after systemic challenge with S. suis serotype 2. Moreover, mice that survived sepsis from intravenous infection developed meningitis, whereas none of these mice showed neuropathological symptoms after V5 receipt.ConclusionIntranasal immunization with multiple conserved virulence factors decreases S. suis colonization at the nasopharynx across serotypes and inhibits the dissemination of the bacteria in the host. The protective mucosal immunity effects would potentially reduce the S. suis reservoir and prevent S. suis disease in pigs.
Meta-analysis of the effect of CYP2B6, CYP2A6, UGT2B7 and CAR polymorphisms on efavirenz plasma concentrations
Authors: Ayuso Pedro , Neary Megan , Chiong Justin , Owen Andrew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEfavirenz primary metabolism is catalysed by CYP2B6 with minor involvement of CYP2A6. Subsequently, phase I metabolites are conjugated by UGT2B7, and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) has been shown to transcriptionally regulate many relevant enzymes and transporters. Several polymorphisms occurring in the genes coding for these proteins have been shown to impact efavirenz pharmacokinetics in some but not all studies.ObjectivesA meta-analysis was performed to assess the overall effect of CYP2B6 rs3745274, CYP2A6 (rs28399454, rs8192726 and rs28399433), UGT2B7 (rs28365062 and rs7439366) and NR1I3 (rs2307424 and rs3003596) polymorphisms on mid-dose efavirenz plasma concentrations.MethodsFollowing a literature review, pharmacokinetic parameters were compiled and a meta-analysis for these variants was performed using Review Manager and OpenMetaAnalyst. A total of 28 studies were included.ResultsUnsurprisingly, the analysis confirmed that individuals homozygous for the T allele for CYP2B6 rs3745274 had significantly higher efavirenz concentrations than those homozygous for the G allele [weighted standard mean difference (WSMD) = 2.98; 95% CI 2.19–3.76; P < 0.00001]. A subgroup analysis confirmed ethnic differences in frequency but with a similar effect size in each ethnic group (P = 0.96). Associations with CYP2A6 and UGT2B7 variants were not statistically significant, but T homozygosity for CAR rs2307424 was associated with significantly lower efavirenz concentrations than in C homozygotes (WSMD = −0.32; 95% CI −0.59 to −0.06; P = 0.02).ConclusionsThis meta-analysis provides the overall effect size for the impact of CYP2B6 rs3745274 and NR1I3 rs2307424 on efavirenz pharmacokinetics. The analysis also indicates that some previous associations were not significant when interrogated across studies.