bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Study of Geomechanical Condition of Unstable Rocks in the Vicinity of Mine Working Junctions
Authors: Basov V. V. 
Published: April 2019

The relevance of research of material strain nature based on physical models equivalent to rocks is substantiated. To identify the dependencies and mechanism of unstable rock strain in the vicinity of mine working junctions, an experimental technique has been developed and presented. The method of physical modeling using equivalent materials was applied in the research. Strength characteristics of the rock equivalent material were calculated using the formulas proposed by G.N. Kuznetsov. The equivalent material was prepared based on two components, sand and paraffin. The mix formulation was selected, and ultimate compressive strength of the equivalent material was determined. The experiment was performed for three options of the physical models: an intact rock mass, a rock mass with a single mine working, and a rock mass with mine working junctions. Testing of the models made of the equivalent material was performed through uniaxial vertical loading using a hydraulic press. Based on the model testing findings, the dynamics of fracture propagation and crushing of the enclosing equivalent material in the vicinity of an artificial cavity, simulating a mine working, has been demonstrated. Besides, the graphs of relative strain versus vertical loading for each stage of the stepwise loading of these three model options were produced. The findings of the strain-stress distribution modeling for the equivalent material around the cavities simulating mine working junctions were analyzed. The strain testing findings for the materials simulating rock behavior are expected to be used as the initial data for analysis of physical and numerical simulation, as well as for developing engineering documentation with regard to the selection of parameters for supporting mine working junctions.
Effects of Intermittent Inelasticity when Propagating Seismic Wave in Low Velocity Zone
Authors: Mashinskii E. I. 
Published: April 2019

The study of atypical manifestations of rock inelasticity improves understanding of the physical mechanisms of seismic wave propagation and attenuation in real environments. In the field experiments, the propagation of longitudinal wave at frequency of 240–1000 Hz between two shallow boreholes in low speed zone was investigated. The measurements were performed using a piezoelectric pulse emitter and similar receiver tools positioned in the boreholes. "Stress-time" σ(t) digital responses were recorded by the open channel with microsecond temporal resolution. The unusual short-period variations of amplitude in the form of sharp flattening wave front, stress drop, or plateau of different width (tens of microseconds) were detected in the wave profile. These low-amplitude variations in the waveform were regarded as manifestations of hopping intermittent inelasticity. This inelastic process was assumed to affect the waveform transformation. The contribution of hopping inelasticity depends on the applied stress magnitude, i.e. in this case, the seismic response amplitude. The mechanism of hopping inelasticity at small strains may be explained by microplasticity of rocks. The findings obtained represent a new step in understanding of physics of seismic and acoustic wave propagation in rocks and can be useful for handling of applied problems in geophysics and mining.
Conduction block as an electrophysiological phenomenon: a review of the literature
Authors: Nikitin S. S. , Murtazina A. F. , Druzhinin D. S. 
Published: April 2019

Evaluation and interpretation of electrophysiological phenomena often plays an important role in the diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases. Motor nerve conduction block is a reduction of either amplitude or area of the compound motor action potential elicited by proximal to distal motor nerve stimulation. Today, the value of conduction block in the diagnosis of demyelinating and axonal neuropathies, as well as the diagnostic criteria for these disorders, are still under discussion.Objectiveof the review of the literature is to highlight the value of conduction block as an electrophysiological phenomenon in the light of clinical manifestations. There is no consensus in the literature which motor response parameters should be used as partial conduction block criteria. The diversity of pathogenic forms in which conduction block can be registered does not allow to consider the phenomenon as a sign of only demyelinating lesions, and the term conduction block should be considered as a pure electrophysiological phenomenon. Different pathophysiological mechanisms of conduction block formation should be studied separately within each nosology. Conduction block detection does not allow to specify a particular diagnosis, however, in conjunction with clinical and anamnestic data, it may be the main argument in the diagnosis of a number of peripheral nerves diseases.
The variability of representation and latency of the F-wave in patients at different periods of spinal cord injury
Authors: Kan’shina D. S. , Kuznetsov A. N. , Nikolaev S. G. , Vinogradov O. I. , Yakovleva D. V. 
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Neurophysiological examination in patients with spinal cord injury is advisable to determine the end of the period of spinal shock. F-wave is a late electromyographic phenomenon realized by activating a pool of motor neurons of the anterior horns of the spinal cord. In the state of spinal shock, the duration of which is variable, F-waves are not recorded. The presence of F-waves from the tibial nerves indicates the completion of spinal shock and restoration of electrical excitability of motor neurons of the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The appearance of F-waves is a marker for diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the viability of the cortical-spinal tract in the early stages of spinal shock.Study aim. To analyze the representation of F-waves in patients in different periods of spinal shock, depending on the level, volume and duration of the lesion.Materials and methods. There were a total of 15 patients with spinal trauma in age from 19 to 29 years enrolled. All patients affected were localized in segments C4–C7. The examination included stimulation electroneuromyography: registration of motor responses, sensory responses and F-waves from the median, ulnar, fibular and tibial nerves on both sides.Results. In 5 patients: 3 in acute, 1 in early and 1 in late periods of spinal cord injury, spinal shock was clinically diagnosed: electromyographic revealed the absence of F-waves for all tested nerves. In 4 patients in the early period of spinal cord injury F-waves were registered only with n. tibialis, the first spontaneous movements in the limbs were clinically observed; in 6 patients in the intermediate and late periods of spinal cord injury f-waves were recorded from all the nerves under study with constant latency. The end of spinal shock was clinically verified, with the presence of a minimum volume of movements and restoration of sensitivity in individual segments.Conclusion. Registration of F-wave should be a mandatory component of stimulation electromyographic in the verification of spinal shock, the duration of which is not correlated with the periods of spinal cord injury. The presence of f-waves is a diagnostic marker for transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess the viability of the cortical-spinal tract.
Role of image guided fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic lesions
Authors: Choudhary Mehnaz , Gupta Rajat , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: April 2019

Background: Intrathoracic and intra-abdominal tumors at inaccessible sites pose difficulty in diagnosis. Ultrasonography and computed tomography guided fine needle aspiration cytology has an important role in the diagnosis and distinguishing them as benign and malignant lesions. Image guided FNA has proved to be safe, quick, reliable and cost-effective method for obtaining tissue for cytopathological examination. The objective was to describe the pattern of intra-abdominal and intra thoracic masses on FNAC.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the postgraduate Department of pathology Government, Medical college Jammu i.e. 1st September 2017 to 30th September,2018 for a period of one year under image guided FNAC. Air dried and wet fixed smears were stained with may Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) and Papinacolau (PAP) stains respectively. Acid fast bacilli stain was done on additional smears in case of suspected tubercular lesions.Results: A total of 60 patients were subjected to ultrasonography and CT guided intra-abdominal and intra thoracic FNACs in a period of one year. FNAC was performed from various anatomical sites of which intra-abdominal lesions were 40 (liver:21 cases, gallbladder:8 cases, ovary: 3 cases, lymph nodes 3 cases, pancreas: 2 cases, omentum 2 cases, GIT 1 case). Intrathoracic lesions were twenty (20); out of which lung cases were eighteen (18) and two (2) were mediastinal aspirations.Conclusions: Percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology under image guidance well described the pattern of deep-seated lesions.
Efficacy of intracuff dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of post-operative sore throat: an original article
Authors: Sugathan Reshma , Raj Sumesh 
Published: April 2019

Background: Postoperative sore throat is the most common and most distressing complaint of patients after general anaesthesia with cuffed endotracheal tube. By this study our aim was to assess the efficacy of intracuff dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of this distressing postoperative symptom.Methods: Patients were divided into two groups D and N depending on cuff filling with dexamethasone and normal saline respectively. The cuff was prefilled with dexamethasone or normal saline one hour prior to intubation to allow time for cuff to be saturated following which the cuff was deflated. General anaesthesia was administered and patients were intubated, and cuff inflated with drug according to group allocated. Patients were assessed and graded for sore throat using VAS scale both at rest and with swallowing. Assessment was done one hour, six, 12 and 24hours post operatively. Presence of hoarseness of voice and cough was assessed on a 2-point scale 0=absent and 1=present, 24hrs after surgery.Results: The incidence of sore throat at 24hours postoperative was reduced in group D than in group N. 4 patients (8%) in group D had sore throat while 27 patients (57%) in group N had sore throat at 24hours. This was statistically significant (p<0.05). The cough incidence was reduced in group D while there was no difference in incidence of hoarseness of voice between the two groups.Conclusions: Intracuff dexamethasone decreases the incidence of postoperative sore throat when compared to intracuff normal saline. Dexamethasone also reduces postoperative cough incidence but does not reduce the incidence of hoarseness of voice.
Relationship between topography of the residential area of breastfeeding mothers with zinc and calcium level in breast-milk in West Sumatera
Authors: Sari Silvie Permata , Yanwirasti Yanwirasti , Desmawati Desmawati 
Published: April 2019

Background: Natural environment, the topography of the residential area affects the nutritional intake of the community greatly. Geographically (including the topography of the residential area), the nutritional intake will affect breastfeeding mothers, because the quantity and quality of breast milk is influenced by the food consumed by mothers every day.Methods: This was observational research with a comparative cross-sectional design. The research was conducted at the Integrated Laboratory of LLDIKTI region X in December 2018 to January 2019 using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Samples were 80 breastfeeding mothers consisting of 40 mothers living in lowland and 40 mothers in Highland. Data analyzed using the Kolmogorov Smirnov normalization test and Mann-Whitney test, if p = 0.05, was considered significant.Results: Research showed that there was a significant relationship between the topography of residential area with zinc (p = 0.00) and calcium levels (p = 0.00). Zinc and calcium levels in breastfeeding mothers were higher in mothers who live in the lowlands than in the highlands.Conclusions: The conclusion of this study, there is a significant relationship between the topography of the residential area of breastfeeding mothers with zinc and calcium levels in breast milk.
Analysis of muscle strength and endurance in healthy young adults and association of muscle strength with muscle endurance
Authors: Bhattacharjya Jolly , Baishya Reeta , Dutta Bijit 
Published: April 2019

Background: Muscle strength has been studied as a predictor of general health and many diseases. Data on muscle strength of healthy adults are scarce in Assam. Aim of the study was to describe normative data for hand grip muscle strength and endurance among healthy young males and females of age group 18-21. Also, to find out any correlation between muscles strength and endurance.Methods: We have selected 79 healthy volunteers of both sexes of age group 18-21 years. We have measured muscle strength by hand grip dynamometer. Muscle endurance was calculated by asking the subjects to hold the dynamometer at one third of their muscle strength as long as they can.Results: In this study there were 46 males and 33 females. Mean muscle strength among the males is 27.09(SD7.05) and among the females is 10.76(SD6.19). Similarly mean endurance among males is 41.78(SD31.72) and among females is 16.15(SD9.81). These higher values of muscle strength and endurance in males are statistically significant. We have also found positive correlation between muscle strength and endurance in both the sexes.Conclusions: In this study we have seen that muscle strength and endurance of healthy young males are more than that of females. And also, muscle endurance increases with increase in muscle strength.
Methelene blue stained temporalis fascia graft in myringoplasty: a clinical study
Authors: Prakash M. D. , . Rajashree 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study were to know advantages of using methelene blue stained graft in tympanoplasty and to compare results between tympanoplasty with or without methelene blue stained graft.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study involving 60 patiens diagnosed with of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) of mucosal type. Selected patients were aged between 20 years to 45 years. Those patients with active discharge, treated initially with antibiotics, to contro infection, and once dry ears maintained for minimum 6 weeks were planned for surgery. Among 60 cases, 30 patients underwent tympanoplasty (I) with methelene blue stained graft and other 30 patients underwent tympanoplasty (I) using unstained graft. Patients were followed up for 6 months. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Patients outcomes were compared in terms of graft uptake and hearing improvement. Among all patients graft uptake was better in cases where methelene blue stained graft was used, but the results were not statistically significant. Hearing improvement in terms of air bone gap closure was assessed, study showed there was better air bone gap closure in cases where methelene blue stained graft is used and results were statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Advantages of<strong> </strong>methelene blue staining allows better identification and proper placement of the graft, gives good results in terms of improved graft uptake, as it has antimicrobial properties. Hearing improvement results in terms of closure of air-bone are good.</p>
Status of contralateral ear in chronic otitis media and role of diagnostic otoendoscopy in it’s assessment
Authors: Soni Sweta , Nath Nandita 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media doesn’t seem to be an isolated event that occurs in a particular patient. It seems rather be the product of a series of events constitutional of the individual. The precise and critical evaluation of both ears plays a fundamental role in the prognostic evaluation of the patient. Otoendoscopy is an upcoming day care procedure in the field of otology. It has several advantages over routine otoscopy for e.g. better resolution, wider field of vision, camera connectivity etc. We aimed to study the status of contralateral ear in chronic otitis media patients and evaluate the usefulness of diagnostic otoendoscopy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study was done on CSOM patients attending ENT dept, SMCH using otoendoscopy, schuller radiography, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry and HRCT temporal bone. Data collected was analysed. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 80 patients were evaluated out of which 70% were male, otoendoscopy revealed features of a diseased contralateral middle ear in 80% of them, PTA suggested hearing loss in opposite ear in 80% of them, schuller’s radiography showed sclerosed opposite mastoid in 22.5% and CT scan needed to be done in 24 patients of which 10 had disease in opposite middle ear.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is imperative from this study that evaluation of contralateral ear in chronic otitis media is important to unmask the hidden pathology and otoendoscopy is very useful in diagnosing it.</p>
Analysis of hearing improvement in patients with chronic mucosal otitis media after type-1 tympanoplasty
Authors: Karodpati Nayana S. , Kasliwal Anirudh 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic mucosal otitis media implies a permanent abnormality of the pars tensa. It can be active, where there is pus formation and inflammation or it can be inactive, where there is no inflammation and pus formation. It may occur due to many etiological factors like recurrent Upper respiratory tract infection leading to Eustachian tube blockage, sequelae to unresolved acute otitis media etc. Patient is most commonly presented with pus discharge from ears and decreased hearing.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was carried out in 44 patients, above the age of 18 years, with unilateral chronic mucosal otitis media. All patients underwent type 1 tympanoplasty. Pre and post treatment hearing was measured by pure tone audiometry. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The result shows that most patients were in the age group of 20-30 years of age. Most common symptom patients presented with was hearing loss and pus discharge. The pre treatment mean air bone gap was 34 db and the post treatment mean air bone gap was 14 db.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Most common age group was between 20-30 years. Patients presented with mostly hearing loss and discharge from the ear which was chronic in nature and mostly mucoid. All patients benefitted in hearing postoperatively after type 1 tympanoplasty was done. It shows that type 1 tympanoplasty is still one of the most used methods and produces effective results in patients with chronic mucosal otitis media.</p>
Primary laryngeal tuberculosis
Authors: Brahmono Aditya , Purnami Nyilo , Yusuf Muhtarum 
Published: April 2019

Primary laryngeal tuberculosis (TB) is a very rare disease that became the most common causes of granuloma disease in the larynx. The manifestasion of tuberculosis on the laryngeal is commonly local without systemic symptom. This case reported was 21 year old male that complained of hoarseness for 6 months. The results of the fiber optic laryngoscopy (FOL) is generally believed a papilloma of the larynx. Biopsy extraction with microlaryngeal surgery was a mandatory procedure that apparently showing an overview of TB based on the results of histopathology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anti-tuberculosis drugs were given to the patients, the evaluation carried out six months after the patient obtain intensive therapy and continue therapy with good result. Due to the non spesific laryngeal sign that was observed on clinical examination, clinicians must consider the possibility of primary laryngeal tuberculosis. Biopsy the lession on larynx continued with histopathology examination must not hesitate to confirm the diagnosis. PCR can be considered the better way to detect the TB bacteria. <p> </p>
Sinonasal malignant melanoma: a case report
Authors: Pol Ong Yazid Bin , Doh Jeing Yong 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract">Primary sinonasal malignant melanoma (SNMM) is a rare aggressive neoplasm of mucosal melanoma. It is more commonly affect adult with late presentation. Here, we report a case of SNMM in a 56-year-old lady who presented with worsening left sided nasal blockage in 1-month duration associated with black pigmented mass in nasal cavity, epistaxis and diplopia. Computerized tomographic scan showed sinonasal mass with orbital involvement and tissue biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Surgery was performed to remove the tumour and patient had recovered well with no sign of recurrence.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Radiological parameters determining outcome in pilon fractures treated by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis
Authors: Appusamy Vishnu Sankar , Ramachandran Karthik , Kumbakrishnakumar Arvind Manoj 
Published: April 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tibial pilon fractures are one of the challenging fractures to manage in the field of orthopaedics due to its complex fracture patterns as well as associated soft tissue injury. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique aims to reduce the surgical trauma to the surrounding soft tissues and hence maintain a more biologically favourable environment for fracture healing. The purpose of the study is to analyse the various factors especially radiological parameters determining functional outcome in pilon fractures treated by MIPO technique.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a prospective study conducted from June 2015 to May 2018. The study included 46 patients (33 males, 13 females) with pilon fractures treated by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. All patients were followed for average period of 2 years. Functional outcome was assessed using American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS).<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 46 patients, 21 patients (45.65%) had excellent, 16 patients (34.78%) had good and 6 patients (13.04%) had fair functional outcome. The quality of reduction was the most important parameter determining the functional outcome. We found that patients with higher lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA), anterior distal tibial angle (ADTA) and length of lateral malleolus (LLM) had better functional outcome than patients with lower values. The timing of surgery had no significant influence on the functional outcome of the patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We like to conclude that apart from the quality of fracture reduction, radiological parameters like ADTA, LDTA, and LLM also play a crucial role in determining the functional outcome in pilon fractures.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>