bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The function of PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN IX OXIDASE in chlorophyll biosynthesis requires oxidised plastoquinone in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Brzezowski Pawel , Ksas Brigitte , Havaux Michel , Grimm Bernhard , Chazaux Marie , Peltier Gilles , Johnson Xenie , Alric Jean 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the last common enzymatic step of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, prior to the branching point leading to the biosynthesis of heme and chlorophyll, protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen) is oxidised to protoporphyrin IX (Proto) by protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPX). The absence of thylakoid-localised plastid terminal oxidase 2 (PTOX2) and cytochrome b6f complex in the ptox2 petB mutant, results in almost complete reduction of the plastoquinone pool (PQ pool) in light. Here we show that the lack of oxidised PQ impairs PPX function, leading to accumulation and subsequently uncontrolled oxidation of Protogen to non-metabolised Proto. Addition of 3(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) prevents the over-reduction of the PQ pool in ptox2 petB and decreases Proto accumulation. This observation strongly indicates the need of oxidised PQ as the electron acceptor for the PPX reaction in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The PPX-PQ pool interaction is proposed to function as a feedback loop between photosynthetic electron transport and chlorophyll biosynthesis.
P38 inhibition reverses TGFβ1 and TNFα-induced contraction in a model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Schiff Lauren , Boles Nathan C. , Fernandes Marie , Nachmani Bar , Gentile Ronald , Blenkinsop Timothy A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a metaplasia in the vitreous of the eye manifested by the transformation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and the development of contracting epiretinal membranes (ERM), which lead to retinal detachment and vision loss. While TGFβ1 and TNFα have been associated with PVR, here we show that these cytokines act synergistically to induce an aggressive contraction phenotype on adult human (ah)RPE. Connected RPE detach upon contraction and form motile membranes that recruit more cells. TGFβ1 and TNFα (TNT)-induced contracting membranes uniquely express muscle and extracellular rearrangement genes. Whole transcriptome RNA sequencing of patient-dissected PVR membranes showed activation of the p38-MAPK signaling pathway. Inhibition of p38 during TNT treatment blocks ahRPE transformation and membrane contraction. Furthermore, TNT-induced membrane contractility can be reversed by p38 inhibition after induction. Therefore, targeting the p38-MAPK pathway may have therapeutic benefits for patients with PVR even after the onset of contracting ERMs.
FPGA implementation of an arbitrary resample rate, FOH, pulse width modulator
Authors: Broadmeadow Mark A. H. , Burstinghaus Edward J. , Walker Geoffrey R. , Ledwich Gerard F. 
Published: May 2019

This study presents a field‐programmable gate array implementation of an advanced pulse‐width modulator which combines a first‐order hold (FOH) with phase accumulator carrier pulse‐width modulation (PACPWM) for significantly reduced phase delay, and bandwidth extension in multi‐level applications. The FOH block supports arbitrary resampling rates and operates in a single clock cycle for simple integration into multi‐rate or asynchronous systems. The proposed modulator is validated experimentally, with performance matching that predicted for both FOH and a zero‐order hold (ZOH). For PWM with 8 kHz carrier frequency and 50.4 kHz resampling frequency, a 15 degree phase delay advantage is demonstrated for FOH compared with ZOH across the 5–10 kHz modulation band.
Traumatisme maternel et désir de la fille dans le contexte de la culture chinoise
Authors: Li Na 
Published: May 2019

Dans le contexte de la culture chinoise, cet article analyse, en s’appuyant sur la théorie lacanienne des trois registres, des cas cliniques afin d’identifier l’origine du traumatisme générationnel du côté de la mère et reconnaître son inévitabilité. Sous l’influence du traumatisme générationnel, la naissance d’une fille cause à sa mère un effet de castration secondaire. Dans une analyse de la culture chinoise, cet article montre que le traumatisme intergénérationnel de la mère et le désir de la fille révèlent l’espoir d’un retour au monde du corps et de l’esprit de la mère, mais aussi d’un retour au désir de la mère. Ils sont probablement la cause de l’abondance et de la diversité des symptômes somatiques chez les patients chinois. Ainsi, la castration secondaire condamne à l’indigence : une femme ne pourra jamais atteindre son destin de désir maternel.
Indikation zur Therapie der Trikuspidalklappe bei rechts- und/oder linksventrikulären Erkrankungen
Authors: Ruf Tobias , Schmidt Kai , Kreidel Felix , Münzel Thomas , von Bardeleben Ralph 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungWährend die Trikuspidalklappenstenose eine Rarität darstellt, ist die Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz (TI) eine häufige Herzklappenerkrankung und trägt signifikant zur Morbidität und Mortalität der Bevölkerung bei. Die sekundäre TI ist die häufigste Form und steht in einem komplexen Zusammenspiel zwischen Links- und Rechtsherzfunktion, den pulmonalen Druckverhältnissen, dem Volumenstatus und der Größe des rechten Vorhofs. Der Goldstandard zur Diagnose der TI ist die Echokardiografie. Der Rechtsherzkatheteruntersuchung kommt wegen der verlässlichen Bestimmung der prä- und postkapillären pulmonalen Druckverhältnisse und ihrer ätiologischen Klärung eine wichtige Bedeutung zu. Die aktuellen Leitlinien liefern Empfehlungen für die chirurgische Therapie der Trikuspidalklappe auf dem Boden von Expertenmeinungen. Insbesondere die Operation der sekundären TI wird nur dann empfohlen, wenn gleichzeitig eine linkskardiale Operationsindikation besteht. Die Ergebnisse der chirurgischen Therapie der isolierten TI in Bezug auf intrahospitale Mortalität und Dauerhaftigkeit des Operationsergebnisses sind problematisch. Interventionelle Ansätze auf Transkatheterbasis – aktuell noch in der frühen klinischen Erprobung und mit der ersten CE-Zulassung 2018 des Edwards Cardiobandes zeigen erste vielversprechende Ergebnisse und eröffnen die Perspektive, Morbidität und Mortalität dieses komplex erkrankten Patientenkollektivs positiv zu beeinflussen.
Kortison-Injektionen an der Wirbelsäule (periartikulär, nervennah, epidural)
Authors: Jablawi Fidaa , Schöller Karsten 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungWirbelsäulennahe Kortison-Injektionen gehören zu den heutzutage am weitesten verbreiteten medizinischen Prozeduren überhaupt. Durch die epidurale, intra- und periartikuläre Applikation der Steroide sollen inflammatorisch getriggerte, therapieresistente Schmerzen von nozizeptivem und neuropathischem Charakter beeinflusst werden.Auch wenn das Risiko der Infiltrationen insgesamt gering ist, wurden Fälle mit schweren neurologischen Komplikationen wie z. B. nach zervikalen, epiduralen transforaminalen Injektionen beschrieben. Insgesamt scheint das Risikoprofil nicht kristalliner Steroide wie dem Dexamethason bei allenfalls geringgradig niedrigerer Effektivität im Vergleich mit den häufig gebrauchten kristallinen Steroiden günstiger zu sein.Die wissenschaftliche Evidenz zur Effektivität der verschiedenen wirbelsäulennahen Steroidinfiltrationen steht in einem starken Kontrast zu deren häufigen Anwendungen. Sämtliche Techniken der Steroid-Applikation haben einen limitierten Nutzen bei lokalen Schmerzen, die beste Evidenz für eine kurzfristige Schmerzlinderung besteht für die epidurale Steroidinfiltration bei radikulären Schmerzen.
Robot-Assisted McKeown Procedure via a Cervical Mediastinoscopy Avoiding an Abdominal and Thoracic Incision
Authors: Egberts Jan-Hendrik , Schlemminger Mark , Hauser Charlotte , Becker Thomas 
Published: May 2019

Total esophagectomy for esophageal cancer is associated with high morbidity. The avoidance of a thoracic access could especially reduce the occurrence of pulmonary complications. Therefore, the combination of a high transhiatal dissection of the esophagus and a neck access with mediastinal dissection of the esophagus appears to be a possibility to reduce the pulmonary risks. However, the access to the posterior mediastinum is very limited with the conventional minimal invasive instruments. These limitations can be overcome by the use of a surgical robot.In this article, we present a novel operation technique for a complete robot-assisted (da Vinci Xi) McKeown procedure avoiding a thoracic approach and abdominal incision by using a rendezvous technique with an abdominal and cervical docking of the robot system.
Clinical Trials in PBC Going Forward
Authors: Corpechot Christophe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNew treatments for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) are progressively emerging, including first and second generations of farnesoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors agonists. Even though ursodeoxycholic acid monotherapy remains the standard of care treatment for PBC, these additional therapeutic options, already or soon to be available, lead us to revise our priorities and strategies with respect to future clinical trials. The present article is a personal view of where we currently stand in this field and where and how we should be going to achieve new progress.
Combined vEEG and Cerebral Oximetry Results to Determine the Severity of Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
Authors: Pacella Marisa , Ghosh Suman , Middlebrook Erik , Bennett Jeffrey , Bliznyuk Nikolay , Huene Melissa , Copenhaver Nicole , Sura Livia , Weiss Michael D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objectives of the study were to evaluate the prognostic utility of bedside monitoring tools for hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) outcome and develop a prognostic predictive model. This retrospective study reviewed neonatal HIE treated with hypothermia between 2013 and 2016. Continuous video electroencephalography (vEEG) recordings scored for background electrocerebral activity, seizure, and sleep–wake cycles, and rSO2 data were stratified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) severity. The vEEG and rSO2 were combined in a predictive model. The analysis included 38 patients. The rSO2 was significantly higher in the severe group. vEEG showed early and persistent maximal suppression in the severe group. The predictive correlation of the rSO2 improves when combined with the vEEG.
Genetic Techniques Used in the Diagnosis of Inherited Platelet Disorders
Authors: Mumford Andrew D. , Westbury Sarah K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecent advances in genetic analysis are bringing huge benefits to patients with rare genetic disorders, including those with inherited disorders of platelet number and function. Modern clinical hematological practice now has a range of genetic techniques available to enable the precision diagnosis of inherited platelet disorders (IPDs). There are some features of this disparate group of inherited disorders that present specific challenges to establishing an accurate genetic diagnosis. This review aims to introduce the techniques that are relevant for the genetic diagnosis of IPDs and will discuss the key considerations necessary for their application to the clinic.
Endocarditis: An Ever Increasing Problem in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ostovar Roya , Schroeter Filip , Kuehnel Ralf-Uwe , Erb Michael , Filip Tomas , Claus Thomas , Albes Johannes M. 
Published: May 2019

Background Endocarditis remains one of the most threatening diagnoses in cardiac surgery and is still increasing. Particularly, device-related as well as prosthetic endocarditis appears to be on the rise. Early mortality and periprocedural complications are high jeopardizing the success of surgical efforts. We looked at the development of the numbers and the distribution of endocarditis in an all-comer analysis.
Methods From 2003 to 2017, 752 patients with endocarditis were transferred to our cardiosurgical institution (mean age 65 ± 13 years; mean logistic EuroSCORE 28.01%; males 74.33%). A total of 89.49% of them were surgically treated; 30.01% redo cases thereof; and 9.17% had been operated previously for acute endocarditis.
Results While the total number of cardiosurgical procedures remained relatively stable throughout the years, 20 patients were admitted in 2003 and 79 in 2017 yielding more than fourfold increase (p < 0.001). Early mortality of all patients was 25.1%. Septic emboli occurred in 23.7% and 43.8% cerebral emboli thereof. A significant increase of aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valves involvement was observed (p < 0.001). An increase of device-related endocarditis was also noted (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Endocarditis remains a serious problem with high early mortality and morbidity. The vast increase of electrophysiological device implantations has resulted in an increase of tricuspid valve involvement. Liberalization of endocarditis prophylaxis, that is, more restrictive use of antibiotics in 2007 may have at least partially contributed to an increase of the individual risk to suffer from acute endocarditis. A renaissance of a stricter endocarditis–prophylaxis may thus be considered.
Diffusing an Innovation: Clinician Perceptions of Continuous Predictive Analytics Monitoring in Intensive Care
Authors: Kitzmiller Rebecca , Vaughan Ashley , Skeeles-Worley Angela , Keim-Malpass Jessica , Yap Tracey , Lindberg Curt , Kennerly Susan , Mitchell Claire , Tai Robert , Sullivan Brynne , Anderson Ruth , Moorman Joseph 
Published: May 2019

Background The purpose of this article is to describe neonatal intensive care unit clinician perceptions of a continuous predictive analytics technology and how those perceptions influenced clinician adoption. Adopting and integrating new technology into care is notoriously slow and difficult; realizing expected gains remain a challenge.
Methods Semistructured interviews from a cross-section of neonatal physicians (n = 14) and nurses (n = 8) from a single U.S. medical center were collected 18 months following the conclusion of the predictive monitoring technology randomized control trial. Following qualitative descriptive analysis, innovation attributes from Diffusion of Innovation Theory-guided thematic development.
Results Results suggest that the combination of physical location as well as lack of integration into work flow or methods of using data in care decisionmaking may have delayed clinicians from routinely paying attention to the data. Once data were routinely collected, documented, and reported during patient rounds and patient handoffs, clinicians came to view data as another vital sign. Through clinicians' observation of senior physicians and nurses, and ongoing dialogue about data trends and patient status, clinicians learned how to integrate these data in care decision making (e.g., differential diagnosis) and came to value the technology as beneficial to care delivery.
Discussion The use of newly created predictive technologies that provide early warning of illness may require implementation strategies that acknowledge the risk–benefit of treatment clinicians must balance and take advantage of existing clinician training methods.
Combined Petrosal Approach for Resection of Petroclival Meningioma with Endoscopic Assistance: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Dodson Vincent N. 
Published: May 2019

Petroclival meningiomas are formidable lesions due to their deep location in the skull base and proximity to critical neurovascular structures. The combined petrosal approach, comprised of an anterior petrosectomy and posterior retrolabyrinthine petrosectomy, allows for both supra- and infratentorial exposure of the tumor in the petroclival region while potentially preserving hearing function (Fig. 1). In this operative video atlas manuscript, the authors demonstrate a step-by-step technique for microsurgical resection of a petroclival meningioma via the combined petrosal approach. The nuances of microsurgical and skull base technique are illustrated including drilling of the petrous bone, transecting the tentorium, resection of the tumor, and multilayered reconstruction of the dural defect. The combined petrosal approach allows for multiple angles of attack including both subtemporal and presigmoid corridors. In summary, the combined petrosal approach with endoscopic assistance is an important strategy in the armamentarium for surgical resection of petroclival meningiomas (Fig. 2).The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/ipZb9kHcP2g.
Fibrin and Fibrinolysis in Cancer
Authors: Kwaan Hau C. , Lindholm Paul F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn 1878, Billroth discovered that tumor cells invest themselves in a fibrin thrombus, and he hypothesized that fibrin promotes tumor growth and invasion. Since then, many observations have supported this concept, showing that many hemostatic factors including fibrinogen, fibrin, and components of the fibrinolytic system have indeed a complex interaction with cancer growth and metastasis. Fibrin promotes cell migration by providing a matrix for tumor cell migration and by interactions with adhesive molecules and integrins. Fibrin-containing vascular endothelial growth factor promotes angiogenesis. Fibrin interacts with platelets and leukocytes, and promotes their respective carcinogenic properties. Fibrinolytic components exert different effects on tumors. Plasmin activates latent growth factors, and breaks down extracellular matrix (ECM), while urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and the uPA receptor (uPAR) form complexes with vitronectin and integrins to promote tumor cells to adhere to the ECM. This complex also binds the epidermal growth factor receptor on the tumor cell membrane, and signals the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. The complex also binds to the G protein-coupled receptors leading to cell proliferation. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) inhibits apoptosis, and increases tumor cell survival. PAI-1 also enhances cell senescence, leading to production of tumorigenic cytokines by the senescence secretome. The presence of uPA/uPAR and PAI-1 represents a strong biomarker for tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Multiple attempts by blocking various carcinogenic steps have shown tumor-suppressing effects in experimental animals, but human responses are uncertain without clinical trials.
Endoscopic-Assisted Microvascular Decompression of Ectatic Vertebral Artery for Hemifacial Spasm: Operative Video and Technical Nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Dodson Vincent N. 
Published: May 2019

In this operative video atlas manuscript, the authors demonstrate the operative nuances and surgical technique for endoscopic-assisted microvascular decompression of a large ectatic vertebral artery causing hemifacial spasm. A retrosigmoid approach was performed and a large ectatic vertebral artery was transposed away from the root exit zone of cranial nerve VII (Fig. 1). The lateral spread response disappeared, signifying adequate decompression of the facial nerve (Fig. 2). The use of endoscopic-assistance during the microsurgical decompression was very useful to confirm the origin and also the resolution of neurovascular conflict. Postoperatively, the patient experienced immediate resolution of hemifacial spasm with normal facial nerve and hearing function. Written consent was obtained from the patient to publish videos, photographs, and images from the surgery.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/RlMz44uCDCw.
Gulf capital and Egypt's corporate food system: a region in the third food regime
Authors: Henderson Christian 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
How can we define the emergence of new spaces in the global corporate food system? This article argues that regions in food regime theory have been overlooked, both geographically and socially. As an example of the significance of the regional level, it examines the case of the relationship between Egypt and the Gulf states. In addition to Western capital, Egypt's corporate food system has been determined by regional capital from the Gulf. Gulf investment is one of the largest foreign capitals in Egypt's agribusiness sector and it owns companies that have controlling market shares of corporate food. It will argue that this has been concomitant with the political power of a class hierarchy that extends from Egypt into the Gulf Cooperation Council states.
The innovation of antimicrobial and self-cleaning using Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite coated on cotton fabric for footwear application
Authors: Saraswati Mustika , Permadani Resi Levi , Slamet A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The Innovation of antimicrobial and self-cleaning material using Ag/TiO2 in a cotton fabric is undertaken to develop capabilities of footwear application. The nanocomposite of Ag/TiO2 was made by using Photo-Assisted Deposition (PAD) method. Ag/TiO2 treated cotton fabrics were impregnated by modified dip coating process with the addition of Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) as precursors of SiO2. The addition of TEOS precursors is used to improve TiO2 multifunctional performance in hydrophilic and self-cleaning ability. The synthesized sample of Ag/TiO2 characterized by UV-Visible diffusion reflectance spectrum (UV-Vis DRS) to investigate the gap energy value, X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD) to investigate phase of a crystalline material and crystal size, and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX) to investigate the morphology and recognize the type of atom on the surface of a material. The effects of Ag/TiO2 coated cotton fabrics for footwear application on microbial disinfection have been assessed by Total Plate Count (TPC) method, using Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans as a model microorganism of skin bacteria and fungi, respectively. It was found that the optimum loading of Ag at 3wt% is evidenced by the effectiveness in disinfecting Escherichia Coli and Candida albicans up to 100%, the ability to self-cleaning and the ability in hydrophilicity will be described further in this paper.
Synthesis of N doped titania nanotube arrays photoanode using urea as nitrogen precursor for photoelectrocatalytic application
Authors: Elysabeth Tiur , Slamet  , Sri Redjeki Athiek 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Addition of urea as nitrogen precursor during synthesis of TiO2 nanotube arrays photocatalyst has been investigated. This study aimed to increase the visible light photo response of TiO2 by applying nitrogen doped titania nanotube arrays (N-TNTAs) for photoanode preparation in the photoelectrocatalytic process. Nitrogen doped titania nanotube arrays (N-TNTAs) was synthesized by a one-step electrochemical anodization method at 50 V for 2 hour, in the electrolyte solution containing water, ammonium fluoride, glycerol and specified amounts of urea as nitrogen precursor followed by annealing at 500°C for 3 h to induce crystallization. Amount of urea (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 wt%) in electrolyte solution and annealing atmosphere (air and N2) were varied to enhance visible light photo response. SEM analysis showed that TNTAs and N-TNTAs were successfully synthesized with diameters of 64–320 nm but the morphologies did not show a significant difference. The XRD results showed an identical pattern dominated by the anatase phase. The size of N-TNTAs crystallite is larger than the undoped TNTAs. UV-DRS analysis showed that N-TNTAs have smaller bandgap energy. The smallest bandgap energy was obtained 2.84 eV from N-TNTAs using 0.2% urea with N2 gas annealing (N-TNTAs 0.2% U-N2). Measurement of photocurrent density showed better activity under visible light with smaller bandgap energy.