bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The discursive practices of “guilting” in family discourse
Authors: Johnson Rebekah J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study looks at the way in which four members of a Midwestern American family co-construct theadult child identityof two graduate school students by using particular discursive practices while discussing topics related to parental expectations and decision-making. More specifically, it focuses on what constitutes “guilting” in the adult child-parent interactions. The data shows that guilting, both direct and indirect, is accomplished through making complaints and assessments. Participants orient to particular utterances as guilting and respond with justifications, explanations, or deflection. Guilting is shown to be used as a tool to control others’ future actions and/or to establish closer connection.
Managing conflict on WhatsApp
Authors: García-Gómez Antonio 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This study investigates family conflict talk in a computer-mediated environment from a language-in-interaction focus. It is based
on two different data sets of six WhatsApp groups that feature arguing British families, and of six WhatsApp groups that feature
arguing Spanish families. It looks at the different linguistic strategies that participants deploy when taking up opposing stances
on a given issue. Through a detailed discourse analysis of the conflict-based episodes in English and Spanish, the results not
only show a differentiated linguistic process in the way(s) in which the study participants managed conflict, but also suggest
that smartphone-mediated interpersonal conflict needs to be understood as an attempt to inhabit legitimate subject positions in
and through discourse.
SkeletalVis: an exploration and meta-analysis data portal of cross-species skeletal transcriptomics data
Authors: Soul Jamie , Hardingham Tim E , Boot-Handford Ray P , Schwartz Jean-Marc 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Skeletal diseases are prevalent in society, but improved molecular understanding is required to formulate new therapeutic strategies. Large and increasing quantities of available skeletal transcriptomics experiments give the potential for mechanistic insight of both fundamental skeletal biology and skeletal disease. However, no current repository provides access to processed, readily interpretable analysis of this data. To address this, we have developed SkeletalVis, an exploration portal for skeletal gene expression experiments.

Results
The SkeletalVis data portal provides an exploration and comparison platform for analysed skeletal transcriptomics data. It currently hosts 287 analysed experiments with 739 perturbation responses with comprehensive downstream analysis. We demonstrate its utility in identifying both known and novel relationships between skeletal expression signatures. SkeletalVis provides users with a platform to explore the wealth of available expression data, develop consensus signatures and the ability to compare gene signatures from new experiments to the analysed data to facilitate meta-analysis.

Availability and implementation
The SkeletalVis data portal is freely accessible at http://phenome.manchester.ac.uk.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Improving the efficiency of gene insertion in a human artificial chromosome vector and its transfer in human-induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hasegawa Yoshinori , Ikeno Masashi , Suzuki Nobutaka , Nakayama Manabu , Ohara Osamu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A human artificial chromosome (HAC) vector has potential to overcome the problems of stable gene expression associated with plasmid, transposon, and virus-based vectors, such as insertional mutagenesis, position effect, uncontrollable copy number, unstable gene expression, and DNA size limitation. The main advantages of the HAC are its episomal nature and ability to accommodate DNA inserts of any size. However, HAC vectors have two disadvantages: low efficiency of gene insertion and lack of reports regarding the successful HAC transfer to human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We here provide the first report of a method for the efficient transfer of HAC to human iPSCs for obtaining reproducible experimental results. Moreover, we achieved a 10% increase in the gene insertion efficiency in the HAC vector using our new site-specific recombination systems VCre/VloxP and SCre/SloxP.
Positive Allosteric Modulation of AMPAR by PF-4778574 Produced Rapid Onset Antidepressant Actions in Mice
Authors: Shen Mengxin , Lv Dan , Li Shuting , Zhang Yanhua , Wang Zhen , Zhao Chiyu , Chen Xuejie , Wang Chuang 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
It has been reported that fast-acting antidepressants enhance glutamatergic neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions via alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) activation. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the fast-acting antidepressants lead to an activation of AMPAR pathways remain largely unclear. To address this issue, a novel AMPAR positive allosteric agonist, PF-4778574, was used to test the rapid effects and the role of VGF (nonacronymic)/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB)/AKT signaling in these actions in mice. We found that PF-4778574 rapidly alleviated chronic unpredictable stress-induced depression-like behaviors in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, knock down of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) in the PFC of mice induced depression-like behaviors, whereas treatment with PF-4778574 was sufficient to alleviate it, indicating a presynaptic VGLUT1 independent effect. Furthermore, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibitors of AMPAR or of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (L-VDCC) blocked the antidepressants’ effect on behaviors and the upregulation on the AMPAR-mediated VGF/BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling of PF-4778574. Together, our findings indicate that postsynaptic AMPAR activation followed by activation of L-VDCC and subsequent VGF/BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling are required for the rapid antidepressant effects of PF-4778574. Our data support a promising therapeutic profile for PF-4778574 as a new fast-acting antidepressant.
Prevalence and Determinants of QuantiFERON-Diagnosed Tuberculosis Infection in 9810 Mongolian Schoolchildren
Authors: Ganmaa Davaasambuu , Khudyakov Polyna , Buyanjargal Uyanga , Jargalsaikhan Badamtsetseg , Baigal Delgerekh , Munkhjargal Oyunsuren , Yansan Narankhuu , Bolormaa Sunjidmaa , Lkhagvasuren Enkhsaikhan , Sempos Christopher T , Bromage Sabri , Wu Zhenqiang , Ochirbat Batbayar , Gunchin Batbaatar , Martineau Adrian R 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
There is controversy regarding the potential influence of vitamin D deficiency, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, BCG vaccination, season, and body habitus on susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to identify determinants of a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) assay result in children aged 6–13 years attending 18 schools in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Data relating to potential risk factors for MTB infection were collected by questionnaire, physical examination, and determination of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated with adjustment for potential confounders, and population attributable fractions (PAFs) were calculated for modifiable risk factors identified.

Results
Nine hundred forty-six of 9810 (9.6%) participants had a positive QFT result. QFT positivity was independently associated with household exposure to pulmonary tuberculosis (adjusted RR [aRR], 4.75 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 4.13–5.46, P < .001]; PAF, 13.1% [95% CI, 11.1%–15.0%]), vitamin D deficiency (aRR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.08–1.40], P = .002; PAF, 5.7% [95% CI, 1.9%–9.3%]), exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (1 indoor smoker, aRR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.04–1.35]; ≥2 indoor smokers, aRR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.02–1.64]; P for trend = .006; PAF, 7.2% [95% CI, 2.2%–12.0%]), and increasing age (aRR per additional year, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.10–1.19], P < .001). No statistically significant independent association was seen for presence of a BCG scar, season of sampling, or body mass index.

Conclusions
Vitamin D deficiency and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are potentially modifiable risk factors for MTB infection.
Discrete maximum principles for nonlinear elliptic finite element problems on surfaces with boundary
Authors: Karátson János , Kovács Balázs , Korotov Sergey 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe maximum principle forms an important qualitative property of second-order elliptic equations; therefore, its discrete analogues, the so-called discrete maximum principles (DMPs), have drawn much attention owing to their role in reinforcing the qualitative reliability of the given numerical scheme. In this paper DMPs are established for nonlinear finite element problems on surfaces with boundary, corresponding to the classical pointwise maximum principles on Riemannian manifolds in the spirit of Pucci & Serrin (2007, The Maximum Principle. Springer). Various real-life examples illustrate the scope of the results.
On the discrepancy between the X-ray and UV absorption measurements of O vi in the local ISM
Authors: Gatuzz Efraín , García Javier A , Kallman Timothy R 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The total amount of O vi present in the interstellar medium (ISM) obtained via absorption measurements in UV and X-ray spectra is currently in disagreement, with the latter being significantly larger (by a factor of 10 or more) than the former. Previous works have proposed that the blend of the O vi Kα line (22.032 Å) with the O ii Kβ-L12 line (22.04 Å) could account for the stronger absorption observed in the X-ray spectra. Here, we present a detailed study of the oxygen absorption in the local ISM, implementing our new model IGMabs which includes photoabsorption cross-sections of highly ionized species of abundant elements as well as turbulence broadening. By analysing high-resolution Chandra spectra of 13 low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and 29 extragalactic sources, we have estimated the column densities of O i – O iii and from O vi – O viii along multiple line-of-sights. We find that in most cases the O ii Kβ-L12 line accounts for &lt;30${{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the total O vi K α + O ii K β. We conclude that the amount of O ii predicted by our model is still insufficient to explain the discrepancy between X-ray and UV measurements of O vi column densities.
X-ray spectra reveal the reawakening of the repeat changing-look AGN NGC 1566
Authors: Parker M L , Schartel N , Grupe D , Komossa S , Harrison F , Kollatschny W , Mikula R , Santos-Lleó M , Tomás L 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We present simultaneous XMM–Newton and NuSTAR observations of the repeat changing-look AGN NGC 1566, which dramatically increased in brightness in the IR to X-ray bands in 2018. The broad-band X-ray spectrum was taken at the peak of the outburst and is typical of Seyfert 1 AGN. The spectrum shows a soft excess, Compton hump, warm absorption and reflection, ruling out tidal disruption as the cause of the outburst and demonstrating that a ‘standard’ accretion disk can develop very rapidly. The high-resolution grating spectrum reveals that the outburst has launched a ∼500 km s−1 outflow, and shows photoionized emission lines from rest-frame gas. We discuss possible mechanisms for the outburst, and conclude that it is most likely caused by a disk instability.
109. Differences in Gram-Negative Antibiotic Susceptibility Among Patients Receiving Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Clostridioides difficile
Authors: Woodworth Michael , Wang Tiffany , Raheja Divyanshu , Waldman Alex , Friedman-Moraco Rachel , Graham Allen , Dhere Tanvi , Kraft Colleen 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Decreases in multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) colonization and antibiotic resistance gene abundance have been reported after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), but data on clinical microbiology culture and susceptibility results after FMT are limited.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the available microbiology results for patients who underwent FMT for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (RCDI) at Emory University from July 7, 2012 until December 2017 and had microbiology results within 1 year pre- and post-FMT. Demographic and clinical characteristics were abstracted by trained reviewers, and statistical tests of differences in central tendency were tested with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.

Results
Of 236 unique patients undergoing FMT during the study period, 18 had growth of Gram-negative bacteria on culture pre- and post-FMT. Of these, 8 had Gram-negative growth in urine culture (the most common site) pre- and post-FMT. Fourteen (14/18, 78%) patients were female, 4/18 (22%) were black, 14/22 (78%) were white, and 18/18 (100%) were non-Hispanic. The mean number of CDI episodes prior to first FMT was 4 (range 3–7 episodes). Differences in counts of susceptible, intermediate, and resistant susceptibility test results before and after FMT are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Although a trend in reduction of resistant reports is visually suggested, this was not statistically significant by Wilcoxon signed-rank testing (P = 0.10 for all cultures, P = 0.21 for urine). Ten patients had pre-FMT micro results and no micro results after FMT, but reduction of count of infectious syndromes in FMT could not be tested with this study design. Abstraction of viral quantitative PCR results did not suggest clinical recognition of new infection or reactivation of viruses after FMT.

Conclusion
FMT may reduce clinical burden of antimicrobial resistance, but statistically significant differences in resistance were not detected in this study. Further study with RCTs is needed.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
114. Birth Prevalence of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection and Language, Hearing, and Developmental Outcomes in a Cohort of HIV-Exposed, Uninfected Preschool Children
Authors: Purswani Murli , Yao Tzy-Jyun , Russell Jonathan S , Malee Kathleen , Spector Stephen A , Williams Paige , Frederick Toni , Burchett Sandra , Dietrich Monika , Redmond Sean , Hoffman Howard , Torre Peter , Lee Sonia , Rice Mabel ,   For the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS)
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) at birth is 0.5%–1% in the United States. Most cCMV newborns are asymptomatic at birth with 10%–15% subsequently developing sequelae, such as hearing loss. Higher cCMV prevalence (2.5%–11.4%) is reported in infants born to HIV-infected women, associated with maternal immune suppression and lack of antiretroviral therapy (ART), with few studies addressing neurodevelopmental (ND) outcomes in their offspring. We report birth prevalence of cCMV in a cohort of HIV-exposed, uninfected infants (HEU) born to women on combination ART with well-controlled HIV and describe ND outcomes through age 5 years.

Methods
The Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities (SMARTT) study is an ongoing NICHD-funded observational multi-centered cohort study (United States and Puerto Rico) of growth and development of HEU children that commenced in 2007. As of August 1, 2017, participants with stored blood pellets collected ≤3 weeks after birth and at least 1 ND assessment ≥1 year of age had pellets tested by DNA PCR to establish cCMV. Comparisons of ND outcomes (defined in figure) at ages 1, 2, and 5 by cCMV status were made using Wilcoxon and Fisher’s Exact tests.

Results
Of 895 children meeting study criteria (55% black; 32% white; 40% Latino), 8 had cCMV, yielding a birth prevalence of 0.89% (95% CI 0.39–1.75%). All were asymptomatic and similar to CMV-uninfected infants in gestational age and anthropometric measurements at birth. The last HIV viral load prior to delivery was undetectable in 88% of women. The last available CD4% was &lt;20% in 3/8 mothers of cCMV newborns compared with 112/873 in those without (38% vs. 13%, P &lt; 0.07). The mean duration of follow-up (± standard deviation) of children with cCMV was 7.2 years (1.6) and those without 5.9 (2.3) years (P &lt; 0.11). ND assessments for language development (CDI at 1, A&S at 2, TOLD-P:3 at 5), cognition (Bayleys-III at 1), intelligence (WPPSI-III at 5), and hearing (PTA at 5) did not differ by cCMV status (figure).

Conclusion
Birth prevalence of cCMV in HEU children born within the last decade approaches national US prevalence. Preschool HEU children with asymptomatic cCMV at birth did not show poorer language, hearing, and developmental outcomes compared with CMV-uninfected HEU children.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
126. Robust and Persistent Vaginal Colonization with LACTIN-V Vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus Probiotic in a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled (DBPC) Phase 2b Trial to Prevent Recurrent UTI (rUTI)
Authors: Stapleton Ann , Silvestroni Aurelio , Roberts Pacita , Cox Marsha , Hayden Hillary , Brittnacher Mitchell , Miller Samuel , Hooton Thomas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
We investigated vaginal colonization using repetitive sequence PCR (repPCR) and 16S rRNA sequencing in a Phase 2b DBPC trial of a L. crispatus intravaginal suppository probiotic for prevention of rUTI in premenopausal women.

Methods
Twenty-four young women with a history of rUTI and current culture-confirmed symptomatic UTI were enrolled and treated (Visit 0), then randomized (Visit 1) to receive an intravaginal suppository containing L. crispatus CTV-05 (LACTIN-V®, Osel, Inc.) or placebo daily for 5 days, then once weekly for 2 months. Participants were followed up during the 2-month probiotic/placebo intervention (Visits 2 to 4; active intervention) and during 2 months following the intervention (Visits 5 and 6; post-intervention). At each visit, vaginal swabs were collected for repPCR to determine the presence or absence of the probiotic strain and the duration of its presence in the vagina and for 16S rRNA-based sequence analysis to determine relative abundance of any L. crispatus.

Results
LACTIN-V vaginal suppository induced selective and sustained colonization in the probiotic but not the placebo recipients, as follows. Pre-intervention: Probiotic lactobacillus strain, not found in vaginal specimens obtained from participants in either arm of study. Active intervention: (1) Probiotic lactobacillus strain, (a) Probiotic arm: 100% of participants positive at one or more visits and (b) Placebo arm: 0% of participants positive at any time. (2) L. crispatus relative abundance, (a) Probiotic arm: above 90%, all specimens, all visits and (b) Placebo arm: below 15%, all specimens, all visits. Post-intervention: (1) Probiotic lactobacillus strain, (a) Probiotic arm: 75% of participants positive at Visit 5, 58% at Visit 6 and (b) Placebo arm: 0% of participants positive at Visits 5 and 6. (2) L. crispatus relative abundance, (a) Probiotic arm: 70% to 100% and (b) Placebo arm: below 15%.

Conclusion
LACTIN-V L. crispatus vaginal probiotic achieved robust and persistent colonization throughout 2 months of weekly dosing and for 2 months after the last dose in most participants.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
157. Reducing Blood Culture Contamination Rates Through the Use of a Red Top Tube Discard
Authors: Ramlal Bharat , Renouf Rosemary , Aslanzadeh Jaber 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Septicemia is a major cause of death in the United States and accounts for up to $16.7 billion in annual health care expenses. Blood culture is the gold standard for laboratory diagnosis of bacteremia and resultant septicemia; however, false-positive blood cultures hinder the accurate determination of true bacteremia with often serious implications. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of collecting a 1 mL discard in a red tube prior to blood culture collection and to assess its effectiveness in reducing contamination rates in Hartford Hospital Emergency Department (HHED).

Methods
During the months of June to December 2017 blood cultures were collected by the phlebotomy team using ChloraPrep (chlorhexidine) as the sole disinfecting agent. Blood cultures consisted of BD BACTEC plus Aerobic/F and BD BACTEC Lytic/10 Anaerobic drawn at the same time and monitored on BD BACTEC FX instrument for 5 days. Prior to collecting blood cultures 1 mL of blood was collected in a red top tube and discarded. Monthly and overall contamination rates were then compared with 2016 in which a red top discard tube was not used.

Results
During June to December 2016, there were a total of 9,576 blood cultures collected with a total of 178 contaminants and an overall contamination rate of 1.9%. During June to December 2017, there were a total of 9,133 blood cultures collected with a total of 73 contaminants and an overall contamination rate of 0.8%. During both years, our contamination rates were well below the CLSI recommendation; however, a significant reduction in blood culture contamination was observed after the use of a Red Top discard tube (0.8% vs. 1.9%) (Figures 1–3).

Conclusion
The cost of a standard blood draw with Red Top tubes is minimal (few cents) while a single collection using an initial specimen diversion device (ISDD) can range from $15 to $18. During the course of this study, the use of a standard Red Top discard cost approximately $456 (2017); if an ISDD was used instead, this would have generated $136,995 in healthcare cost. At our institution, we were able to keep our contamination rates below 1% after the implementation of a standard Red Top discard tube. This suggests that the use of a Red Top discard prior to blood culture collection is an effective means for reducing and maintaining a low blood contamination rate.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.