bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PdII‐Catalyzed Oxidative Tandem aza‐Wacker/Heck Cyclization for the Construction of Fused 5,6‐Bicyclic N,O‐Heterocycles
Authors: Ye Chenghao , Kou Xuezhen , Xia Jingzhao , Yang Guoqiang , Kong Li , Wei Quhao , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA PdII‐catalyzed oxidative tandem cyclization was developed for the construction of fused 5,6‐bicyclic N, O‐heterocycles. This reaction was enabled by the combined use of a 3‐methylpyridine ligand and pentafluorobenzoic acid additive. A range of heterocyclic products with different substituents could be prepared in moderate to good yields via this methodology. Several transformations, including a scaled‐up preparation of product 2 a, were also carried out showing the good applicability of our methodology.
Variable Structure Predefined‐Time Stabilization of Second‐Order Systems
Authors: Jiménez‐Rodríguez Esteban , Sánchez‐Torres Juan Diego , Gómez‐Gutiérrez David , Loukinanov Alexander G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA controller that stabilizes second‐order vector systems in predefined‐time is introduced in this paper. That is, for second‐order systems a controller is designed such that the trajectories reach the origin in a time defined in advance. The proposed controller is a variable structure controller that first drive the system trajectories to a linear manifold in predefined time and then drives the system trajectories to a non‐smooth manifold with the predefined‐time stability property, in predefined time also; this is done in order to avoid the differentiability problem that inherently appears when stabilizing high‐order systems in finite time under the block control principle technique. The proposal is applied to the predefined‐time exact tracking of fully actuated mechanical systems. As an example, the proposed solution is applied to a two‐link planar manipulator, and numerical simulations are conducted to show its performance.
Rohrs' Example Revisited: On the Robustness of Adaptive Iterative Learning Control
Authors: Altın Berk , Barton Kira 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdaptive feedback based methods in iterative learning control (ILC) have garnered much interest from researchers for some time now. Much as in adaptive feedback control, most of these methods use Lyapunov functions and positive real transfer functions to prove convergence and boundedness of system signals updated through iterative estimations. While Rohrs et al. have motivated further research on the design of robust adaptive feedback controllers by demonstrating in the early 1980's that the algorithms of the time were not robust in the presence of unmodeled dynamics, the topic of robustness has not been studied much in the adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) literature. Inspired by Rohrs' counterexample, we use a model reference AILC scheme to show the lack of robustness to unmodeled dynamics in AILC. We rigorously define the concept of stability in ILC via
space concepts, and demonstrate the existence of unstable learning operators. We put forth linear systems arguments to explain how conditions leading to instability can occur, and support heuristic arguments with simulation examples. Our findings indicate that the shortcomings of AILC in terms of robustness are no different than those of adaptive feedback, with the robustness issue more severe in certain cases, and further research is necessary to design robust AILC schemes.
Pinning Control of the Coupled Distributed Parameter System with Time Delay
Authors: Yuan Kun , Zhang Kaifeng , Cao Jinde 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the synchronization for undirected and directed coupled distributed parameter systems (DPS) with delay by employing parabolic partial differential equation (PDE) theory and Lyapunov technique. In the case that the whole coupled system cannot synchronize by itself, the proportional‐spatial derivative (P‐sD) state feedback controller and the pinning scheme are designed to force the coupled DPS to synchronize. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control design methodology is demonstrated in numerical simulations.
CBR1 rs9024 genotype status impacts the bioactivation of loxoprofen in human liver
Authors: Quiñones‐Lombraña Adolfo , Li Nasi , Del Solar Virginia , Atilla‐Gokcumen G. Ekin , Blanco Javier G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLoxoprofen is an anti‐inflammatory drug that requires bioactivation into the trans‐OH metabolite to exert pharmacological activity. Evidence suggests that carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is important during the bioactivation of loxoprofen. This study examined the impact of the functional single nucleotide polymorphism CBR1 rs9024 on the bioactivation of loxoprofen in a collection of human liver samples. The synthesis ratios of trans‐OH loxoprofen/cis‐OH loxoprofen were 33% higher in liver cytosols from donors homozygous for the CBR1 rs9024 G allele in comparison with the ratios in samples from donors with heterozygous GA genotypes. Complementary studies examined the impact of CBR1 rs9024 on the bioactivation of loxoprofen in lymphoblastoid cell lines. CBR1 rs9024 genotype status impacts the synthesis of the bioactive trans‐OH metabolite of loxoprofen in human liver.
Motor outcome and electrode location in deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Koivu Maija , Huotarinen Antti , Scheperjans Filip , Laakso Aki , Kivisaari Riku , Pekkonen Eero 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN‐DBS) in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and the possible correlation between electrode location and clinical outcome.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 87 PD‐related STN‐DBS operations at Helsinki University Hospital (HUH) from 2007 to 2014. The changes of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III score, Hoehn & Yahr stage, antiparkinson medication, and adverse effects were studied. We estimated the active electrode location in three different coordinate systems: direct visual analysis of MRI correlated to brain atlas, location in relation to the nucleus borders and location in relation to the midcommisural point.ResultsAt 6 months after operation, both levodopa equivalent doses (LEDs; 35%, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test = 0.000) and UPDRS part III scores significantly decreased (38%, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test = 0.000). Four patients (5%) suffered from moderate DBS‐related dysarthria. The generator and electrodes had to be removed in one patient due to infection (1%). Electrode coordinates in the three coordinate systems correlated well with each other. On the left side, more ventral location of the active contact was associated with greater LED decrease.ConclusionsSTN‐DBS improves motor function and enables the reduction in antiparkinson medication with an acceptable adverse effect profile. More ventral location of the active contact may allow stronger LED reduction. Further research on the correlation between contact location, clinical outcome, and LED reduction is warranted.
Suicide attempts and stressful life events among homeless people in Madrid (Spain)
Authors: Panadero Sonia , Martín Rosa , Vázquez José Juan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe article describes a study carried out with a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid (Spain; N = 188). This study aims to corroborate the relationship identified in the literature between stressful life events and suicidal behaviour in a group in a situation of social exclusion, to assess the differences in the number and characteristics of stressful life events experienced by homeless people who are attempters and non‐attempters, and to identify which combination of stressful life events enables discrimination for suicide attempts among homeless people. The results show that 30% of homeless people in Madrid had attempted suicide, and 57.9% of them had done so for the first time when they were homeless. The interviewees are shown to have experienced a large amount of stressful life events, with substantially more stressors experienced by the homeless people who tried to commit suicide, during both their childhood and adolescence and throughout their life. Finally, we found that the combination of 7 stressful life events provided the best possible discrimination between homeless attempters and non‐attempters.
Peer support critical elements and experiences in supporting the homeless: A qualitative study
Authors: Barker Stephanie L. , Maguire Nick , Bishop Felicity L. , Stopa Lusia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPeer supporters are individuals with lived experience and are an integral part of health care systems, providing support to those affected by various phenomena such as homelessness and addictions. However, little is known about the critical elements that underpin peer support interventions. This qualitative study sought to understand the critical elements of intentional peer support with a homeless population, voiced by those who provide and/or receive this support. Twenty‐nine participants from 4 different homeless charities in England were interviewed about their experiences of providing/receiving peer support and what they felt were critical factors to its success. Participants defined peer support as an experience‐based relationship, built upon mutual understanding, empathy, and support. Thematic analysis was utilised to in developing 6 themes. Results identified peers' persistence in developing unique experience‐based relationships, providing social support, role modelling recovery, and peers' motivations were perceived as important factors involved in peer support. It was also found that peers described benefitting from helping, such as, undergoing transformative identity developments that helped them to escape homelessness. Through the retelling of their stories, they create meaning and restructure their autobiography, attributing experiences of homelessness as a catalyst for positive changes in their lives. Limitations and future research are discussed.
Visual saliency‐based bas‐relief generation with symmetry composition rule
Authors: Li Tingting , Yang Liying , Wang Meili , Fan Yuling , Zhang Feiyu , Guo Shihui , Chang Jian , Zhang Jian Jun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for bas‐relief generation and synthesis. In contrast to previous methods, we divide this problem into two parts: the selection of the best view and arrangement of the relief layout. Taking these into account, we incorporate the visual saliency and photographic composition rules into the bas‐relief generation. Additionally, a nonlinear compression function is used to compress the models, and finally, we implement surface parameterization by directly manipulating the mesh triangles to generate curved surface bas‐relief. We validate our approach through a variety of models. The results indicate that the proposed approach is effective to adapt different types of target surface with topology unchanged. Comparing with conventional methods, our approach is able to effectively produce bas‐relief with a reasonable layout and distinct details.
Fourveo: Integration of 4D animation into conventional 3D animation workflows
Authors: Jensen Justin A. , Burton Robert P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe have developed a software package that facilitates general‐purpose animation in four spatial dimensions. Standard features from popular 3D animation software have been included and adapted, where appropriate. Many adaptations are trivial; some have required novel solutions. Several features that are possible only in four or more dimensions have been included. The graphical user interface has been designed to be familiar to experienced 3D animators. Keyframe animation is provided by using a set of curves that defines movement in each dimension or rotation plane. An interactive viewport offers multiple visualization methods including slicing and projection. The viewport allows for both manipulation of 4D objects and navigation through virtual 4D space.
Physics‐based assistive grasping for robust object manipulation in virtual reality
Authors: Nasim Kiran , Kim Young J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this paper, an effective, interactive grasping algorithm is proposed to provide physically realistic interactions in the virtual world. We have provided a solution to lacking dynamic control resulting in penetrations and frictionless contact due to kinematic virtual hand provided by hand‐tracking devices, by including a proxy hand in the system. The introduced proxy hand not only provides correct visual feedback but also is used to simulate dynamics between the hand and virtual objects. Our method also provides semiautonomous assistive grasping, coupled with physics‐based grasping, which makes the system help the user in achieving a grasp by identifying grasp pose and orienting the object in the hand to be grasped robustly. We have implemented and evaluated our technique with various benchmarks, conducted a user study to compare our method against the state‐of‐the‐art, pinch‐based grasping mechanism, and showed that our technique provides physically realistic, stable, and time‐efficient real‐time interactions.
A motion‐field‐based data‐driven method for hair animation
Authors: Bao Yongtang , Qi Yue 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe propose a motion‐field‐based data‐driven approach that animates static hair models from a set of precomputed motion data. We first sample a motion sequence to construct a motion database from physics‐based hair simulation data or dynamic hair capture data. We also define the preliminary definitions of motion states and construct a motion field for this motion database. Finally, we generate a sequence of target hairstyle from the input motion field by strand correspondence and motion control. Experimental results show that our approach achieves comparable quality with physics‐based methods but in orders of magnitude faster performance.
Infrared motion detection and electromyographic gesture recognition for navigating 3D environments
Authors: Chen Keyu , Liang Hai‐Ning , Yue Yong , Craig Paul 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis research explores the suitability and effectiveness of two relatively new types of input device for navigating 3D virtual environments. These are infrared motion detection, like the Leap Motion tracker, and electromyographic gesture recognition, like the Myo Armband. Despite the introduction of a variety of new input devices intended to provide a more natural interaction experience, navigation within 3D virtual environments is still normally done on more traditional control devices such as game controllers or the keyboard–mouse combination. This study investigates the potential of new devices to support navigation in 3D environments through an experiment conducted with 27 participants using three different types of input devices to play a ball‐balancing maze‐like game. The input devices tested are a standard game controller, a Leap Motion tracker for infrared motion detection, and the Myo Armband for electromyographic gesture recognition. Results demonstrated the real potential of both types of device to support navigation interaction within 3D environments.
Time‐varying light motion in single convergence
Authors: Lin Xingyu , Chai Mingxuan , Li Sheng , Wang Guoping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs light travels fast in the physical world, it is generally hard to capture the propagation of light with a real camera. However, with the development of photon mapping, it is possible to simulate and visualize such fantastic effect. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm based on progressive photon mapping to render the time‐varying light motion. By incorporating our algorithm with participating media, we synthesis the animation of time‐varying light beams expanding in space with slow motion. Interesting phenomena can be observed in our experiments through designating either a constant light source or a bullet light that only emits instantaneously. Our algorithm is efficient in the sense that all frames of the animation can be rendered with only one convergence of the progressive photon mapping, showing the advantage of revealing the light propagation process by our algorithm. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
Dexmedetomidine protects hepatic cells against oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury via lncRNA CCAT1
Authors: Zhou Zhuang , Chen Qingsong , Wan Lei , Zheng Daofeng , Li Zhongtang , Wu Zhongjun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDexmedetomidine (Dex) protects different cell types during hypoxia or ischemia‐reperfusion injury by inhibiting cell apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism and its impact on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury are still not known. In this study, we established a model of oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in hepatocyte HL7702 cells, and studied the impact of Dex on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle during OGD/R. In addition, we explored the role of CCAT1 in this process. We found that Dex increased cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis during OGD/R, in a concentration‐dependent manner. Dex partially reversed the OGD‐inhibited expression of lncRNA CCAT1. Knockdown of CCAT1 by siRNA inhibited Dex‐mediated protection against OGD/R‐induced injury and promoted cell apoptosis, caspase‐3 expression and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression. In contrast, overexpression of CCAT1 by pcDNA3.0‐CCAT1 enhanced Dex‐mediated protection against OGD/R‐induced cell injury. Thus, Dex protects hepatocytes against OGD/R injury by upregulating lncRNA CCAT1. This study suggests a novel role of CCAT1 in ischemia reperfusion injury, and lays the framework for future studies.
Intelligent Metal Carbonyl Metal–Organic Framework Nanocomplex for Fluorescent Traceable H2O2‐Triggered CO Delivery
Authors: Jin Zhaokui , Zhao Penghe , Zhang Junheng , Yang Tian , Zhou Gaoxin , Zhang Daohong , Wang Tianfu , He Qianjun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe recognized therapeutic benefits from carbon monoxide (CO) have caused booming attention to develop a CO therapy for various major diseases, such as cancer. However, the controlled release of CO gas and the monitoring of the CO release are vitally important to the on‐demand CO administration for a safe and efficient therapy, but greatly challenging. In this work, a new CO‐releasing nanocomplex was constructed by the adsorption and coordination of manganese carbonyl ([MnBr(CO)5], abbreviated as MnCO) with a Ti‐based metal–organic framework (Ti‐MOF) to realize an intratumoral H2O2‐triggered CO release and real‐time CO release monitoring by fluorescence imaging. A high CO prodrug loading capacity (0.532 g MnCO per gram Ti‐MOF) is achieved due to the high surface area of Ti‐MOF, and the intracellular H2O2‐triggered CO release from the MnCO@Ti‐MOF is realized to enable the nanocomplex selectively release CO in tumor cells and kill tumor cells rather than normal cells. Particularly significant is that the real‐time fluorescence imaging monitoring of the CO release is realized based on an annihilation effect of the fluorescence after MnCO loading into Ti‐MOF and an activation effect of the fluorescence after CO release from Ti‐MOF. The quantitative relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the released CO amount is established in great favor of guiding on‐demand CO administration. The results demonstrate the advantage of versatile MOFs for high efficient CO delivery and monitoring, which is critical for the improvement of the effectiveness of future therapeutic application.
The Nature of the Long‐Lived Excited State in a NiII Phthalocyanine Complex Investigated by X‐Ray Transient Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Hong Jiyun , Kelley Matthew S. , Shelby Megan L. , Hayes Dugan K. , Hadt Ryan G. , Rimmerman Dolev , Zhang Xiaoyi , Chen Lin X. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe nature of the photoexcited state of octabutoxy nickel(II) phthalocyanine (NiPcOBu8) with a 500 ps lifetime was investigated by X‐ray transient absorption (XTA) spectroscopy. Previous optical, vibrational, and computational studies have suggested that this photoexcited state has a ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) nature. By using XTA, which provides unambiguous information on the local electronic and nuclear configuration around the Ni center, the nature of the excited state of NiPcOBu8 was reassessed. Using X‐ray probe pulses from a synchrotron source, the ground‐ and excited‐state X‐ray absorption spectra of NiPcOBu8 were measured. Based on the results, we identified that the excited state exhibits spectral features that are characteristic of a Ni1, 3(3d
,3d
) state rather than a LMCT state with a transiently reduced Ni center. This state resembles the (d,d) state of nickel(II) tetramesitylphorphyrin. The XTA features are rationalized based on the inherent cavity sizes of the macrocycles. These results may provide useful guidance for the design of photocatalysts in the future.
Mycorrhiza in tree diversity–ecosystem function relationships: conceptual framework and experimental implementation
Authors: Ferlian Olga , Cesarz Simone , Craven Dylan , Hines Jes , Barry Kathryn E. , Bruelheide Helge , Buscot François , Haider Sylvia , Heklau Heike , Herrmann Sylvie , Kühn Paul , Pruschitzki Ulrich , Schädler Martin , Wagg Cameron , Weigelt Alexandra , Wubet Tesfaye , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe widely observed positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning is thought to be substantially driven by complementary resource use of plant species. Recent work suggests that biotic interactions among plants and between plants and soil organisms drive key aspects of resource use complementarity. Here, we provide a conceptual framework for integrating positive biotic interactions across guilds of organisms, more specifically between plants and mycorrhizal types, to explain resource use complementarity in plants and its consequences for plant competition. Our overarching hypothesis is that ecosystem functioning increases when more plant species associate with functionally dissimilar mycorrhizal fungi because differing mycorrhizal types will increase coverage of habitat space for and reduce competition among plants. We introduce a recently established field experiment (MyDiv) that uses different pools of tree species that associate with either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi to create orthogonal experimental gradients in tree species richness and mycorrhizal associations and present initial results. Finally, we discuss options for future mechanistic studies on resource use complementarity within MyDiv. We show how mycorrhizal types and biotic interactions in MyDiv can be used in the future to test novel questions regarding the mechanisms underlying biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships.