bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Feature Selection Algorithm mRMR-ICA for Cancer Classification from Microarray Gene Expression Data
Authors: Wang Shuaiqun , Kong Wei , Aorigele  , Deng Jin , Gao Shangce , Zeng Weiming 
Published: June 2018

Aims and Objective: Redundant information of microarray gene expression data makes it
difficult for cancer classification. Hence, it is very important for researchers to find appropriate ways
to select informative genes for better identification of cancer. This study was undertaken to present a
hybrid feature selection method mRMR-ICA which combines minimum redundancy maximum
relevance (mRMR) with imperialist competition algorithm (ICA) for cancer classification in this
paper.

Materials and Methods:
The presented algorithm mRMR-ICA utilizes mRMR to delete redundant
genes as preprocessing and provide the small datasets for ICA for feature selection. It will use
support vector machine (SVM) to evaluate the classification accuracy for feature genes. The fitness
function includes classification accuracy and the number of selected genes.

Results:
Ten benchmark microarray gene expression datasets are used to test the performance of
mRMR-ICA. Experimental results including the accuracy of cancer classification and the number of
informative genes are improved for mRMR-ICA compared with the original ICA and other
evolutionary algorithms.

Conclusion:
The comparison results demonstrate that mRMR-ICA can effectively delete redundant
genes to ensure that the algorithm selects fewer informative genes to get better classification results.
It also can shorten calculation time and improve efficiency.
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Donepezil Effects on Plasma β-Hydroxybutyrate Levels in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wan Lili , Lu Jin , Fu Jianliang , Huang Jinlu , Yang Quanjun , Xin Bo , Chen Li , Huo Yan , Zhong Yuan , Guo Cheng 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized
by a multi-factorial etiology that is not completely understood. Donepezil is a first-line acetylcholinesterase
inhibitor used for the treatment of AD that has been found, in addition to its potent acetylcholinesterase
inhibitory effect, to act through other non-cholinergic mechanisms such as affecting mitochondrial
biogenesis through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC1α).
Mitochondrial biogenesis and PGC-1α, at least in part, are associated with hepatic fatty acid oxidation
and ketogenesis. Whether donepezil regulates ketogenesis in AD treatment remains unclear. Ketogenesis
is important in the progression of AD and is a critical consideration during the therapeutic strategy selection
for AD. Thus, our goals were to determine the differences in ketone bodies in patients with AD who
were taking donepezil treatment and those who were not, to elucidate the potential effect of AD and
donepezil therapy on ketone body metabolic parameters, and to discover the effect of donepezil therapy
on ketogenesis in patients with AD.

Methods:
Cross-sectional analysis was performed on plasma collected from 145 individuals, namely,
elderly adults as healthy controls (n=30), newly diagnosed patients with AD (n=30), patients with AD
who responded to donepezil therapy (n=48) and patients with AD who did not respond to donepezil
therapy (n=37). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to quantify the lipids in the
plasma. The level of β-hydroxybutyrate, a metabolite, was determined by liquid chromatographytandem
mass spectrometry, and to gain further insight into the effect of donepezil on ketogenesis, the
effects of donepezil were investigated in a mouse model.

Results:
The level of β-hydroxybutyrate decreased in AD patients, and donepezil elevated the plasma
level of β-hydroxybutyrate. Donepezil increased the plasma and liver levels of β-hydroxybutyrate in
mice as well as the hepatic expression of PGC-1α and the mitochondrial expression of HMG-CoA synthetase
2 (HMGCS2) in response to fasting, causing a subsequent increase in ketogenesis.

Conclusions:
Our study revealed that impaired ketogenesis is a metabolic feature of AD. Donepezil had
effects on ketogenesis in mice and reversed the decrease in the level of β-hydroxybutyrate found in patients
with AD.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Children with Clinical History of Atopic Versus Non-atopic Asthma Admitted to a Tertiary Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Causey Jamie , Gonzales Traci , Yadav Aravind , Hashmi Syed , De Jesus-Rojas Wilfredo , Jon Cindy , Haque Ikram , Johnston Richard , Stark James , McBeth Katrina , Colasurdo Giuseppe , Mosquera Ricardo 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with status asthmaticus have variable clinical courses, and predicting their outcomes is challenging. Identifying characteristics in these patients that may require more intense intervention is important for clinical decision-making.

Objective:
This study sought to determine the characteristics and outcomes, specifically length of stay and mortality, of atopic versus non-atopic asthmatics admitted to a PICU with status asthmaticus.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted at a children’s hospital from November 1, 2008 to October 31, 2013. A total of 90 children admitted to the PICU were included in the analysis. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of specific historical data indicative of a clinical history of atopy. Children were considered to be atopic if they had a parental history of asthma, a personal history of eczema, or a combined history of wheezing (apart from colds) and allergic rhinitis (diagnosed by a medical provider). The median hospital Length Of Stay (LOS), PICU LOS, cardiopulmonary arrest, and mortality were compared between atopic and non-atopic asthma groups. Regression models were used to estimate the LOS stratified by atopic or non-atopic and by history of intubation in present hospitalization.

Results:
Median hospital LOS for atopic children was 5.9 days (IQR of 3.8-8.7) and 3.5 days (IQR of 2.2-5.5) for non-atopic asthmatics (z = 2.9, p = 0.0042). The median PICU LOS was 2.5 days (IQR 1.4-6.1) for atopic asthmatics and 1.6 days (IQR 1.1-2.4) for non-atopic asthmatics (z = 2.5, p = 0.0141). The median LOS was significantly higher for atopic intubated patients compared to non-atopic intubated patients (p=0.021). Although there was an increased tendency towards intubation in the atopic group, the difference was not significant. There was no significant difference in cardiopulmonary arrest or mortality.

Conclusion:
A clinical history of atopic asthma in children admitted to the PICU with status asthmaticus was associated with longer length of stays The longest LOS was observed when atopic patients required intubation.
Errare humanum est
Authors: Pérez Moreno Edgar G. 
Published: June 2018

<p>Caminar, además de develar los poderes corruptores e incitantes de la vida urbana moderna, se conforma como un acto político que le permite al andante incidir en lo público a través de la mirada que se forja durante un recorrido y que señala el crimen de todo aquello corrompido en el territorio.</p><p><br />Existe un conflicto grave cuando hablamos de política, el cual radica en que generalmente es entendida como una actividad exclusiva de los gobernantes, de aquellos que representan a los ciudadanos y se encargan de configurar el destino de una región, ya sea de un país o una ciudad, sin embargo, lo político no sólo debe ser entendido de esta manera, al contrario es un acto al que todos los individuos<br />como ciudadano libres tenemos derecho. La palabra “política” viene del vocablo griego polis (ciudad), por ende lo político se trata de aquello que nos incumbe a los ciudadanos como parte de un territorio donde se articulan los procesos sociales.</p>
A fabricação de uma cidade tóxica: A Tribuna de Santos e os desastres tecnológicos de Cubatão (Brasil) na década de 1980
Authors: Klanovicz Jo , Ferreira Filho Clayton Barbosa 
Published: June 2018

Este artigo discute a fabricação do Município de Cubatão, Brasil, como espaço tóxico e de poluição na década de 1980. Entende-se a toxicidade como uma construção ao mesmo tempo material e discursiva, baseada nas ansiedades da sociedade industrial. Para discutir a questão, utiliza-se o jornal A Tribuna de Santos, que foi o principal espaço de publicação de matérias sobre desastres ambientais na região. O texto discute o tema levando em consideração a relação entre desastres ambientais e perspectivas desenvolvimentistas articuladas durante o mais recente regime autoritário brasileiro.
PERSEPSI REMAJA TERHADAP AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING PRACTICE YANG DITERAPKAN ORANGTUA DAN INTENSI BERPERILAKU DELINKUEN PADA REMAJA
Authors: Desiningrum Desiningrum , Ratri Dinie 
Published: June 2018

Remaja merupakan fase usia transisi anak-anak menuju dewasa, dimana individu mulai ingin menonjolkan identitas dirinya. Remaja dalam perkembangannya tetap membutuhkan arahan dan pengawasan dari orangtua, karena remaja akan banyak dipengaruhi oleh pergaulan sosial teman sebaya dalam pembentukan identitas dirinya, yang bisa mengarah pada kenakalan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara persepsi remaja terhadap authoritative parenting style dan intensi berperilaku delinkuen. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode korelasi kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja siswa kelas IX SMPIT di tiga sekolah di Semarang dan tinggal bersama orangtua dengan jumlah populasi total 400 siswa, dan diperoleh sampel 188 siswa dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua skala psikologis, yaitu skala persepsi remaja terhadap authoritative parenting practice orangtua dengan 39 item valid, serta skala intensi berperilaku delinkuen pada remaja dengan 35 item valid. Data penelitian diolah menggunakan analisis regresi, dengan hasil nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 (p<0,05) dan korelasi (r)=-0,228. Artinya terdapat hubungan negatif dan signifikan antara persepsi remaja terhadap authoritative parenting practice orangtua dengan intensi dalam berperilaku delinkuen pada remaja. Temuan hasil wawancara adalah, subyek menilai bahwa kemampuan orangtua dalam menjaga keharmonisan keluarga adalah penting, dan menurut subyek peran kedua orangtua meskipun berbeda bisa saling melengkapi. Kata kunci: persepsi terhadap authoritative parenting practice, intensi berperilaku delinkuen, remaja
DIRI RELIGIUS: SUATU MODEL KONSEPTUAL TENTANG DIRI
Authors: Ninin Retno Hanggarani , Iskandar Tb.Zulrizka , Siswadi Ahmad Gimmy Pratama , Sumintardja Elmira N. 
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi konsep Diri Religius (DR) Sejumlah lima belas partisipan terlibat dalam studi kualitatif dan total 739 subyek menjadi partisipan dalam studi kuantitatif. Rancangan penelitian adalah exploratory sequential mix method dengan studi kualitatif mendahului studi kuantitatif. Pengambilan data kualitatif dilakukan menggunakan wawancara dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dan menghasilkan konsep DR dengan konstruk yang terdiri dari empat dimensi. Pengambilan data kuantitatif dilakukan melalui kuesioner tertulis, berlokasi di kota Bandung, Denpasar, Jogjakarta, Cimahi, Surabaya, Garut, dan Depok. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa model konseptual DR dengan tiga dimensi yaitu pandangan individu akan keterlibatan Tuhan dalam keber’ada’an, perspektif positif tentang keterlibatan Tuhan dalam peristiwa kehidupan, dan perilaku positif yang disertai dengan emosi positif, secara signifikan sesuai dengan data empiris. DR terbukti merupakan konsep yang dapat membedakan individu yang berorientasi pada Tuhan (theistik) dengan yang tidak (nontheistik). Kata-kata kunci: diri religius, religiusitas, spiritualitas
Acts of State, State Immunity, and Judicial Review in the United States
Authors: Akthar Zia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The doctrine of the Act of State and State Immunity has its foundation in common law frameworks. It is settled law that there is no cause of action that will make a foreign state liable in the domestic court of another country. In the United States there has been acceptance that certain cases involve “political questions” that are non-justiciable, as they are not a “case or controversy” as required by Article III of the U.S. Constitution. The courts have only intervened either where the federal statutes have applied extraterritorially, such as under the Civil Rights Act 1964 where a U.S. citizen is employed abroad by a company registered in the United States, or under the Alien Tort Claims Act (ATCA) 1789, which protects foreign parties who are designated sufficiently “alien” for the sole purpose of invoking jurisdiction after a civil wrong has been committed against them. There needs to be an evaluation of the U.S. Supreme Court precedents that have asserted judicial oversight in respect of wrongs committed extra-territorially, and their present rationale for retaining the doctrine. This paper also discusses the scope of the Federal State Immunity Act (FSIA) and the Justice Against Sponsors of Terrorism Act (JASTA) that narrow the concept of state immunity when dealing with terrorism by another state or its agents. A comparative analysis with the state immunity doctrine in Canada and the framework for litigation under the merits-based approach by the courts is provided. The common law courts have developed the doctrine of the Act of State and it has become a principle of customary international law. The argument of this paper is that there needs to be a greater focus on the civil injuries that are caused in other jurisdictions that should allow the claimants to litigate in the forum court and for judicial review to be available.
Bioremediasi Pencemar Mikroplastik di Ekosistim Perairan Menggunakan Bakteri Indigenous (Bioremediation of Microplastic Pollutant in Aquatic Ecosystem by Indigenous Bacteria)
Authors: Fachrul Melati Ferianita , Rinanti Astri 
Published: May 2018

Permasalahan lingkungan hidup yang menjadi isu dan belum banyak terpecahkan adalah kontaminasi pencemar mikroplastik yang bersifat persisten pada ekosistim perairan baik di sungai maupun di lautan. Pada umumnya sumber mikroplastik berasal dari air limbah rumah tangga dan industri. Mikroplastik adalah partikel plastik yang mempunyai diamater kurang dari 5 milimeter (mm) hingga 330 mikron (0,33 mm). Proses dekomposisi sampah plastik menjadi mikroplastik berlangsung sangat lama bahkan memerlukan waktu hingga ratusan tahun melalui berbagai proses fisik, kimiawi, maupun biologi. Di dalam partikel plastik terkandung bahan kimia berbahaya yang bersifat karsinogenik. Pencemar mikroplastik ini dapat masuk ke dalam rantai makanan pada berbagai tingkat trofik yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada lingkungan maupun kesehatan manusia. Demikian luas dampak dari pencemaran mikroplastik ini, maka diperlukan penelitian yang mendalam mengenai dekomposisi mikroplastik di perairan. Untuk mereduksi pencemar mikroplastik tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan bioteknologi. Strategi untuk mengendalikan pencemaran mikroplastik dapat dilakukan dengan pengembangan teknologi remediasi dengan memanfaatkan potensi bakteri indigenous yang ditumbuhkan dalam lingkungan yang terkontrol.Kata Kunci: bakteri indigenous, mikroplastik, pencemaran, perairan, remediasi
Complexations of Divalent Metallic Ions with Fulvic Acids
Authors: Vaz Denise De Oliveira , Fernandes Andreia Neves , Szpoganicz Bruno 
Published: June 2018

In this work, the interactions of the functional groups of fulvic acids with copper, cadmium and zinc bivalent ions was investigated by potentiometry. The BEST7 software was employed to investigate the interactions of the functional groups. The software SPE and SPEPLOT were used to generate and to plot the species diagrams. It was used the Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA) of the IHSS (International Humic Substances Society) to illustrate the process. The values of the proton dissociation and complexation constants with the divalent ions for each functional group were calculated and their values were very close tothose previously published. The functional group present in the highest quantity in the complexes was cathecol, and it complexed with all the divalent ions, although to a greater extent with Cu(II). According to the results obtained by potentiometry, the reactivity series for the divalent ions and the SRFA is: Cu(II) >> Cd(II) > Zn(II). Thus, the method employed could be useful to estimate the role of fulvic acids in the transport of metals in the aquatic environments.
Protecting the African child in a changing climate: are our existing safeguards adequate?
Authors: Boshoff Elsabé 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT: This paper sets out the ways in which children in Africa are vulnerable to the consequences of climate change, highlighting where relevant the specific vulnerability of the girl child. It identifies vulnerabilities in access to education, nutrition, the rights of migrants and refugees and the right to participate in decision-making processes. The paper considers these vulnerabilities in the context of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Children’s Rights Charter) and the Protocol to the African Charter on the Rights of Women in Africa (African Women’s Rights Protocol), and also looks at specific best practices in attempting to determine the extent to which the African human rights system currently provides adequate protection to children and complies with the best interest of the child principle. It concludes by finding that the African human rights system, particularly when the African Women’s Rights Protocol is read in conjunction with the Children’s Charter, largely provides adequate legal protection to the African child in a climate change context, but identifies room for improvement both in the right to sustainable development and the implementation of the rights as stipulated in the respective instruments, as it relates to climate change induced vulnerability.

TITRE ET RÉSUMÉ EN FRANÇAIS: Protéger l’enfant africain dans un climat changeant: les moyens de protection existants sont-ils adéquats? RÉSUMÉ: Cet article expose les façons dont les enfants en Afrique sont vulnérables aux conséquences du changement climatique en soulignant, lorsque cela est nécessaire, la vulnérabilité spécifique des filles. Il identifie les vulnérabilités dans l’accès à l’éducation, la nutrition, les droits des migrants et des réfugiés et le droit de participer aux processus de prise de décision. L’article examine ces vulnérabilités dans le contexte de la Charte africaine des droits de l’enfant et du Protocole relatif aux droits des femmes en Afrique, et examine également les meilleures pratiques spécifiques pour déterminer dans quelle mesure le système africain des droits de l’homme offre actuellement une protection adéquate aux enfants en prenant en consideration le principe de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant. Il conclut en constatant que le système africain des droits de l’homme, en particulier lorsque le Protocole relatif aux droits des femmes en Afrique est lu conjointement avec la Charte des enfants, fournit une protection juridique adéquate à l’enfant africain dans un contexte de changements climatiques mais identifie des possiblités d’amélioration dans le contexte du droit au développement durable et à la mise en œuvre des droits tels que stipulés dans ces instruments respectifs, en ce qui concerne la vulnérabilité induite par le changement climatique.
Happy 18th birthday to the African Children’s Rights Charter: not counting its days but making its days count
Authors: Mezmur Benyam Dawit 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT: November 2017 marks the 18th anniversary of the coming into force of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, its transition from ‘childhood’ to ‘adulthood’. The anniversary indeed offers an opportunity to reflect and take stock of the limited progress so far, and the work that remains to be done, in our collective efforts to create an African fit for children. Apart for discussing the ‘slow start’ the Charter faced, as well as reservations entered into it by few States, the piece focuses on three substantive issues that the Charter has added value on, namely, the definition of a child, child marriage, and children and armed conflict. The section that follows delves briefly into the core business of the African Committee, namely, consideration of State party reports, dealing with individual complaints, and conducting investigative missions. The piece concludes that, despite limitations, the Charter is not counting its days but making its days count.

TITRE ET RÉSUMÉ EN FRANÇAIS: Joyeux 18ème anniversaire à la Charte africaine des enfants: ne pas compter ses jours mais faire en sorte que ses jours comptent RÉSUMÉ: Novembre 2017 marque le 18ème anniversaire de l’entrée en vigueur de la Charte africaine des droits et du bien-être de l’enfant, son passage de ‘l’enfance’ à ‘l’âge adulte’. L’anniversaire offre en effet l’occasion de réfléchir et de faire le point sur les progrès limités jusqu’ici, et le travail qui reste à faire, dans nos efforts collectifs pour créer une afrique convenable pour les enfants. Outre les discussions sur le ‘démarrage lent’ de la Charte, ainsi que sur les réserves émises par quelques Etats, cet article se concentre sur trois questions de fond sur lesquelles la Charte apporte une valeur ajoutée: la définition d’un enfant, le mariage des enfants et les enfants dans le contexte des conflits armés. La section qui suit décrit brièvement les principales activités du Comité africain, à savoir l’examen des rapports étatiques, le traitement des plaintes individuelles et la conduite de missions d’enquête. La pièce conclut que, malgré les limites, la Charte ne compte pas ses jours mais fait en sorte que ses jours comptent.