bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phonon-driven spin-Floquet magneto-valleytronics in MoS2
Authors: Shin Dongbin , Hübener Hannes , De Giovannini Umberto , Jin Hosub , Rubio Angel , Park Noejung 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwo-dimensional materials equipped with strong spin–orbit coupling can display novel electronic, spintronic, and topological properties originating from the breaking of time or inversion symmetry. A lot of interest has focused on the valley degrees of freedom that can be used to encode binary information. By performing ab initio time-dependent density functional simulation on MoS2, here we show that the spin is not only locked to the valley momenta but strongly coupled to the optical E″ phonon that lifts the lattice mirror symmetry. Once the phonon is pumped so as to break time-reversal symmetry, the resulting Floquet spectra of the phonon-dressed spins carry a net out-of-plane magnetization (≈0.024μB for single-phonon quantum) even though the original system is non-magnetic. This dichroic magnetic response of the valley states is general for all 2H semiconducting transition-metal dichalcogenides and can be probed and controlled by infrared coherent laser excitation.
Peridotite weathering is the missing ingredient of Earth’s continental crust composition
Authors: Beinlich Andreas , Austrheim Håkon , Mavromatis Vasileios , Grguric Ben , Putnis Christine V. , Putnis Andrew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe chemical composition of the continental crust cannot be adequately explained by current models for its formation, because it is too rich in Ni and Cr compared to that which can be generated by any of the proposed mechanisms. Estimates of the crust composition are derived from average sediment, while crustal growth is ascribed to amalgamation of differentiated magmatic rocks at continental margins. Here we show that chemical weathering of Ni- and Cr-rich, undifferentiated ultramafic rock equivalent to ~1.3 wt% of today’s continental crust compensates for low Ni and Cr in formation models of the continental crust. Ultramafic rock weathering produces a residual that is enriched in Ni and also silica. In the light of potentially large volumes of ultramafic rock and high atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the Archean, chemical weathering must therefore have played a major role in forming compositionally evolved components of the early Earth’s crust.
Blue mussel shell shape plasticity and natural environments: a quantitative approach
Authors: Telesca Luca , Michalek Kati , Sanders Trystan , Peck Lloyd S. , Thyrring Jakob , Harper Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractShape variability represents an important direct response of organisms to selective environments. Here, we use a combination of geometric morphometrics and generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) to identify spatial patterns of natural shell shape variation in the North Atlantic and Arctic blue mussels, Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus, with environmental gradients of temperature, salinity and food availability across 3980 km of coastlines. New statistical methods and multiple study systems at various geographical scales allowed the uncoupling of the developmental and genetic contributions to shell shape and made it possible to identify general relationships between blue mussel shape variation and environment that are independent of age and species influences. We find salinity had the strongest effect on the latitudinal patterns of Mytilus shape, producing shells that were more elongated, narrower and with more parallel dorsoventral margins at lower salinities. Temperature and food supply, however, were the main drivers of mussel shape heterogeneity. Our findings revealed similar shell shape responses in Mytilus to less favourable environmental conditions across the different geographical scales analysed. Our results show how shell shape plasticity represents a powerful indicator to understand the alterations of blue mussel communities in rapidly changing environments.
Mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a model of Coxsackievirus B3-induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Authors: Miteva Kapka , Pappritz Kathleen , Sosnowski Marzena , El-Shafeey Muhammad , Müller Irene , Dong Fengquan , Savvatis Konstantinos , Ringe Jochen , Tschöpe Carsten , Van Linthout Sophie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInflammation in myocarditis induces cardiac injury and triggers disease progression to heart failure. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is a newly identified amplifying step in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. We previously have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are cardioprotective in Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis. In this study, MSC markedly inhibited left ventricular (LV) NOD2, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 mRNA expression in CVB3-infected mice. ASC protein expression, essential for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, increased upon CVB3 infection and was abrogated in MSC-treated mice. Concomitantly, CVB3 infectionin vitroinduced NOD2 expression, NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in HL-1 cells, which was abolished after MSC supplementation. The inhibitory effect of MSC on NLRP3 inflammasome activity in HL-1 cells was partly mediated via secretion of the anti-oxidative protein stanniocalcin-1. Furthermore, MSC application in CVB3-infected mice reduced the percentage of NOD2-, ASC-, p10- and/or IL-1β-positive splenic macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. The suppressive effect of MSC on inflammasome activation was associated with normalized expression of prominent regulators of myocardial contractility and fibrosis to levels comparable to control mice. In conclusion, MSC treatment in myocarditis could be a promising strategy limiting the adverse consequences of cardiac and systemic NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
Carbon storage in China’s terrestrial ecosystems: A synthesis
Authors: Xu Li , Yu Guirui , He Nianpeng , Wang Qiufeng , Gao Yang , Wen Ding , Li Shenggong , Niu Shuli , Ge Jianping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIt is important to accurately estimate terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) storage. However, the spatial patterns of C storage and the driving factors remain unclear, owing to lack of data. Here, we collected data from literature published between 2004 and 2014 on C storage in China’s terrestrial ecosystems, to explore variation in C storage across different ecosystems and evaluate factors that influence them. We estimated that total C storage was 99.15 ± 8.71 PgC, with 14.60 ± 3.24 PgC in vegetation C (Veg-C) and 84.55 ± 8.09 PgC in soil organic C (SOC) storage. Furthermore, C storage in forest, grassland, wetland, shrub, and cropland ecosystems (excluding vegetation) was 34.08 ± 5.43, 25.69 ± 4.71, 3.62 ± 0.80, 7.42 ± 1.92, and 15.17 ± 2.20 PgC, respectively. In addition to soil nutrients and texture, climate was the main factor regulating the spatial patterns of C storage. Climate influenced the spatial patterns of Veg-C and SOC density via different approaches, Veg-C was mainly positively influenced by mean annual precipitation (MAP), whereas SOC was negatively dependent on mean annual temperature (MAT). This systematic estimate of C storage in China provides new insights about how climate constrains C sequestration, demonstrating the contrasting effects of MAP and MAT on Veg-C and SOC; thus, these parameters should be incorporated into future land management and C sequestration strategies.
CD44 variant inhibits insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells by attenuating LAT1-mediated amino acid uptake
Authors: Kobayashi Nana , Okazaki Shogo , Sampetrean Oltea , Irie Junichiro , Itoh Hiroshi , Saya Hideyuki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCD44 variant (CD44v) contributes to cancer stemness by stabilizing the xCT subunit of system xc(−) and thereby promoting its glutamate-cystine antiporter activity. CD44 has also been implicated in autoimmune insulitis and inflammation in diabetic islets, but whether CD44v regulates insulin secretion has remained unclear. Here we show that CD44v inhibits insulin secretion by attenuating amino acid transport mediated by the L-type amino acid transporter LAT1. CD44v expression level was inversely related to insulin content in islets of normal and diabetic model mice. Knockdown of CD44 increased insulin secretion, the intracellular insulin level, and the transport of neutral amino acids mediated by LAT1 in Min6 cells. Attenuation of the uptake of neutral amino acids with a LAT inhibitor reduced insulin secretion and insulin content in Min6 cells, whereas overexpression of LAT1 increased insulin secretion. Moreover, inhibition of LAT1 prevented the increase in insulin secretion and content induced by CD44 depletion in Min6 cells. Our results thus implicate CD44v in the regulation of insulin secretion and reveal that amino acid transport is rate limiting for such secretion. They further suggest that amino acid transport mediated by LAT1 is a potential therapeutic target for diabetes.
Comparing the similarity and difference of three influenza surveillance systems in China
Authors: Yang Xiaoting , Liu Dongpeng , Wei Kongfu , Liu Xinfeng , Meng Lei , Yu Deshan , Li Hongyu , Li Baodi , He Jian , Hu Wenbiao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThree main surveillance systems (laboratory-confirmed, influenza-like illness (ILI) and nationwide Notifiable Infectious Diseases Reporting Information System (NIDRIS)) have been used for influenza surveillance in China. However, it is unclear which surveillance system is more reliable in developing influenza early warning system based on surveillance data. This study aims to evaluate the similarity and difference of the three surveillance systems and provide practical knowledge for improving the effectiveness of influenza surveillance. Weekly influenza data for the three systems were obtained from March 2010 to February 2015. Spearman correlation and time series seasonal decomposition were used to assess the relationship between the three surveillance systems and to explore seasonal patterns and characteristics of influenza epidemics in Gansu, China. Our results showed influenza epidemics appeared a single-peak around January in all three surveillance systems. Time series seasonal decomposition analysis demonstrated a similar seasonal pattern in the three systems, while long-term trends were observed to be different. Our research suggested that a combination of the NIDRIS together with ILI and laboratory-confirmed surveillance is an informative, comprehensive way to monitor influenza transmission in Gansu, China. These results will provide a useful information for developing influenza early warning systems based on influenza surveillance data.
Identification of novel PANDAR protein interaction partners involved in splicing regulation
Authors: Pospiech N. , Cibis H. , Dietrich L. , Müller F. , Bange T. , Hennig S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInteractions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) with proteins play important roles in the regulation of many cellular processes. PANDAR (Promotor of CDKN1AAntisense DNA damage Activated RNA) is a lncRNA that is transcribed in a p53-dependent manner from the CDKN1A promoter and is involved in the regulation of proliferation and senescence. Overexpression of PANDAR has been observed in several tumor species and correlated with a poor prognosis for patient survival rate. Depending on the cellular state, PANDAR is known to interact with proteins such as the nuclear transcription factor Y subunit A (NF-YA) and the scaffold attachment factor A (SAF-A). However, a comprehensive analysis of the PANDAR interactome was missing so far. Therefore, we applied peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based pull-downs combined with quantitative mass spectrometry to identify new protein binding partners. We confirmed potential candidates like U2AF65 and PTBP1, known to be involved in RNA processing. Furthermore, we observed that overexpression of PANDAR leads to a reduced level of the short pro-apoptotic BCL-X splice variant (BCL-XS) which is regulated by PTBP1. Simultaneous overexpression of PTBP1 was able to rescue this effect. Overall, our data suggest a role for PANDAR in the regulation of splicing events via its interaction partner PTBP1.
Early Changes of Articular Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in The DMM Mouse Model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Fang Hang , Huang Lisi , Welch Ian , Norley Chris , Holdsworth David W. , Beier Frank , Cai Daozhang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo examine the early changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the DMM mouse model of osteoarthritis, mice were subjected to DMM or SHAM surgery and sacrificed at 2-, 5- and 10-week post-surgery. Catwalk gait analyses, Micro-Computed Tomography, Toluidine Blue, Picrosirius Red and Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used to investigate gait patterns, joint morphology, subchondral bone, cartilage, collagen organization and osteoclasts activity, respectively. Results showed OA progressed over 10-week time-course. Gait disparity occurred only at 10-week post-surgery. Osteophyte formed at 2-week post-surgery. BMDs of DMM showed no statistical differences comparing to SHAM at 2 weeks, but BV/TV is much higher in DMM mice. Increased BMD was clearly found at 5- and 10-week post-surgery in DMM mice. TRAP staining showed increased osteoclast activity at the site of osteophyte formation of DMM joints at 5- and 10-week time points. These results showed that subchondral bone turnover might occurred earlier than 2 weeks in this mouse DMM model. Gait disparity only occurred at later stage of OA in DMM mice. Notably, patella dislocation could occur in some of the DMM mice and cause a different pattern of OA in affected knee.
Ultrahigh Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability over Hierarchical Nanoporous N-doped Carbon
Authors: Li Zeyu , Gao Qiuming , Qian Weiwei , Tian Weiqian , Zhang Hang , Zhang Qiang , Liu Zhengping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHierarchical nanoporous N-doped carbon ZNC-1000 was prepared by facile pyrolysis of well-designed nanosized ZIF-8 precursor with optimized reaction temperature and time. It possesses large surface areas leading to sufficient exposed electrochemical active sites. Meanwhile, its moderate graphitization degree and suitable nanosized hierarchical porosity distributions would lead to the sufficient interaction between O2 and the electrocatalyst surface which would benefit the transports of electrons and the electrolyte ions for ORR. As an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction, the ZNC-1000 presents a better catalytic property than the commercial Pt/C with 6/1 mV positive shifts for onset/half-wave potentials and 1.567 mA cm−2 larger for limiting current density respectively. The stability of ZNC-1000 is also much better than that of Pt/C with negative shifts of 0/−2 mV (vs 5/31 mV) for onset/half-wave potentials and 6.0% vs 29.2% loss of limiting current density after 5000 cycles of accelerated durability test, as well as the relative current of 87.5% vs 40.2% retention after 30,000 s continuous chronoamperometric operation.
Circadian clocks of both plants and pollinators influence flower seeking behavior of the pollinator hawkmoth Manduca sexta
Authors: Fenske Myles P. , Nguyen LeAnn P. , Horn Erin K. , Riffell Jeffrey A. , Imaizumi Takato 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMost plant-pollinator interactions occur during specific periods during the day. To facilitate these interactions, many flowers are known to display their attractive qualities, such as scent emission and petal opening, in a daily rhythmic fashion. However, less is known about how the internal timing mechanisms (the circadian clocks) of plants and animals influence their daily interactions. We examine the role of the circadian clock in modulating the interaction betweenPetuniaand one of its pollinators, the hawkmothManduca sexta. We find that desynchronization of thePetuniacircadian clock affects moth visitation preference forPetuniaflowers. Similarly, moths with circadian time aligned to plants show stronger flower-foraging activities than moths that lack this alignment. Moth locomotor activity is circadian clock-regulated, although it is also strongly repressed by light. Moths show a time-dependent burst increase in flight activity during subjective night. In addition, moth antennal responsiveness to the floral scent compounds exhibits a 24-hour rhythm in both continuous light and dark conditions. This study highlights the importance of the circadian clocks in both plants and animals as a crucial factor in initiating specialized plant-pollinator relationships.
Identification and Documentation of Auricle Defects using Three-dimensional Optical Measurements
Authors: Zhan Guomin , Han Liya , Li Zhongwei , Liu Zilong , Fu Jiaqi , Zhong Kai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAuricle defects are important and common occurrences in forensic medicine. The accurate measurement and assessment of auricle defects is key to identifying and evaluating injury, and the currently available methods are known to be labor intensive and inaccurate. In this paper, we introduce an identification and documentation of auricle defects solution, which consists of an optical three-dimensional (3D) method and an effective algorithm to calculate the maximum projection area and identify auricle defects. In this study, three separate examiners measured 40 auricles of 20 adults using 3D optical measurement and two other commonly used methods to investigate the validity and representative reliability of 3D optical measurement for auricle defect identification. Based on the statistical analysis, the 3D measurement method is valid and showed a better reliability than the reference methods. We also present a representative auricle defect identification case using the proposed 3D optical measurement method. The study concludes that the optical 3D measurement method is a reliable and effective tool for auricle defect identification.
Electrostatically driven long‐microbeams for low‐frequency applications
Authors: Al‐mashaal A.K. , Wood G. , Mastropaolo E. , Cheung R. 
Published: February 2018

This Letter presents the design, fabrication and characterisation of an array of electrostatically actuated clamped–clamped microbeams. A large bottom actuation electrode and long beams with lengths ranging from 1 to 3.4 mm are the major features of the present device. The novelty of this Letter lies in the realisation of suspended and undeformed microstructures by controlling the process‐induced stress during the fabrication process. This has been achieved by compensating the influence of the compressive and tensile stress components of the different deposited layers, resulting in ultralong beams with a relatively straight mechanical profile and an aspect ratio of ∼1:3400 of vertical deflection to the beam length. For the first time, ultralong microbeams of tantalum have been actuated electrostatically with AC and DC driving voltages to drive them into resonance and characterise their resonant frequencies. The lowest resonant frequency of 1.4 kHz is obtained for a 3.4 mm‐long beam. The shift of the resonant frequency due to the effect of different DC biasing has been investigated experimentally. A spring softening effect has been induced through electrostatic tuning. A downward shift in the resonant frequency to 35,000 ppm for DC bias voltages increasing from 1 to 5 V has been demonstrated.
The Pediatric Patella: Normal Development, Anatomical Variants and Malformations, Stability, Imaging, and Injury Patterns
Authors: Stanescu A. , Ngo Anh-Vu , Parisi Marguerite , Iyer Ramesh , Maloney Ezekiel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe discuss the pediatric patella, with an emphasis on diagnostic imaging. Topics include normal patellar development, anatomical variants and their physiologic significance, genetic syndromes that alter the appearance of the patella, physiology of patellar tracking and stability, patellofemoral instability, and injury patterns and classification. Recognition of appropriate development on imaging prevents diagnostic error and unnecessary evaluation. Knowledge of the pertinent features of syndromes associated with morphological patellar abnormalities can aid in generating a succinct and relevant differential diagnosis. In patellofemoral instability, the patient's baseline anatomy, factors that predispose to instability, and the specific injuries that occur as a result are critical considerations for determining the course of treatment. Patellar sleeve fractures are unique to pediatric patients, and timely identification is critical to achieving an optimal treatment outcome.
Skeletal Dysplasias: Radiologic Approach with Common and Notable Entities
Authors: Thapa Mahesh , Otjen Jeffrey , Kamps Shawn , Ngo Anh-Vu 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSkeletal dysplasia is a heterogeneous group of abnormalities affecting growth and development of bone and cartilage characterized by disproportionate shortening of the limbs and/or spine. A systematic radiographic approach combined with pertinent clinical details can help guide specific genetic testing and treatment. We provide a discussion and examples of a few common and notable skeletal dysplasias to help familiarize general, pediatric, and musculoskeletal radiologists who do not commonly encounter children with these entities in their daily practices.
Orthopaedic Fixation Devices Used in Children: A Radiologist's Guide
Authors: Allen Hailey , Davis Kirkland , Noonan Kenneth , Endo Yoshimi , Nguyen Jie 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFractures are common in children with some requiring surgical reduction and fixation to maintain anatomical alignment. Although various surgical techniques and principles are shared between children and adults, certain unique considerations in children can influence the surgical approach and device selection. In particular, for skeletally immature children, it is of utmost importance to protect certain critical open growth plates because permanent injury can produce severe growth disturbances. The often robust healing response and potential limited patient compliance can also influence the treatment algorithm and decision making. Commonly encountered orthopaedic fixation devices, including screws, intramedullary devices, and plates, are reviewed with an emphasis on their mechanism and application in children. Additional miscellaneous devices that are commonly used to treat malalignment and guide bone growth including epiphysiodesis plates, proximal femur osteotomy plates, and spinal magnetic growing rods are also reviewed. The goal of this article is to provide a basic understanding of the principles and mechanisms of different types of pediatric orthopaedic devices and thereby improve the radiologist's diagnostic confidence and allow better anticipation of complications.
Point-of-Care-Sonografie in der Notfall- und Intensivmedizin
Authors: Busche Caroline , Busch Hans-Jörg , Michels Guido 
Published: February 2018

Was ist neu?Indikationen für die Notfallsonografie Der Stellenwert der Point-of-Care-Sonografie (POC-Sonografie) gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung in der bettseitigen Versorgung von Patienten – besonders die Anwendung in der Notfall- und Intensivmedizin. Indikationen für eine POC-Sonografie umfassen neuerdings neben der fokussierten Sonografie von Herz, Lunge und Abdomen auch Fälle in der prähospitalen Phase. Zunehmend erlangen in der Intensivmedizin auch spezielle Einsatzgebiete wie z. B. die Beurteilung des Weaningprozesses und der Hämodynamik der Patienten mittels sonografischer Kontrolle an Bedeutung.Ausbildung Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für internistische Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin e. V. (DGIIN), die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin e. V. (DEGUM) und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Kardiologie e. V. (DGK) haben eine gemeinsame Empfehlung für ein Ausbildungskonzept in der Point-of-Care-Sonografie erarbeitet. Ziel dabei ist die Qualitätssicherung und entsprechend die Patientenversorgung in der internistischen Notfall- und Intensivmedizin zu verbessern 1.