bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wind Dynamics Over a Highly Heterogeneous Oasis Area: An Experimental and Numerical Study
Authors: Liu Rui , Liu Shaomin , Yang Xiaofan , Lu Hui , Pan Xiaoduo , Xu Ziwei , Ma Yanfei , Xu Tongren 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOases are unique heterogeneous landscapes that coexist within the Gobi desert in the arid and semiarid regions, which are vital for agricultural production and economic development. The heterogeneity of the land surface with vegetation will significantly influence the wind dynamics and airflow characteristics. The current study utilized an integrated approach, combining the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method with the k‐ɛ turbulence model and high‐resolution ground‐measurement data to analyze the wind dynamics over an oasis. Specifically, (1) the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) data were used as boundary conditions to initiate the simulations; (2) the canopy leaf area density estimated from airborne laser scanning data was added as the source terms of the momentum and turbulence transport equations, which represented the highly heterogeneous vegetation structures in the oasis area. CFD‐simulated wind field results agreed well with the flux observation matrix data (17 tower measurements in a 5.5 km × 5.5 km experimental area). The spatial and temporal variations of wind fields affected by heterogeneous land surfaces were successfully captured. The CFD‐simulated wind fields also clearly showed the “wind shield effect” over highly heterogeneous land surfaces, wherein the existence of shorter and longer wind speed reduction areas at the windward and leeward sides of the shelterbelts contribute to protecting farmlands and orchards from wind erosion. In addition, the current approach of estimating aerodynamic roughness length (z0m) based on high‐resolution CFD‐simulated wind profiles was demonstrated to be a promising method of capturing wind dynamics over heterogeneous surfaces.
A TRMM Assessment of the Composition of the Generator Current That Supplies the Global Electric Circuit
Authors: Peterson Michael , Deierling Wiebke , Liu Chuntao , Mach Douglas , Kalb Christina 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Peterson et al. (2015, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00119.1) passive microwave electric field retrieval is applied to 15 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observations to estimate the amount of Wilson current supplied to the Global Electric Circuit from individual electrified cloud features (ECFs), which are identified as contiguous precipitating cloud regions that produce Wilson current. Current contributions from 37 million ECFs sampled by TRMM are used to examine the composition of the DC generator current. Thunderstorms are found to supply 61% of the total retrieved current, while electrified shower clouds provide the remaining 39%. ECFs over land contribute 38% of the total current, while the ocean contributions are divided between coastal oceanic regions (35%) and the open ocean (27%). The greatest share of the total TRMM‐retrieved current comes large mesoscale features (>2 × 103 km2 in area) and features that have peak 20‐km electric fields in excess of 1 kVm−1. This combination of extent and intensity leads to total currents greater than 10 A for a single ECF. The ranking of the tropical chimney regions by total current production is (1) the Americas (38%), (2) Asia (32%), and (3) Africa (15%). ECFs over the tropical Pacific Ocean contribute the remaining 15%. The Africa chimney is most prominent in total lightning activity but lags behind the others in total DC current due to a reduced frequency of electrified weather and weaker per‐storm electric fields and Wilson currents compared to the other chimneys.
Fully integrated wearable impedance cytometry platform on flexible circuit board with online smartphone readout
Authors: Furniturewalla Abbas , Chan Matthew , Sui Jianye , Ahuja Karan , Javanmard Mehdi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe present a wearable microfluidic impedance cytometer implemented on a flexible circuit wristband with on-line smartphone readout for portable biomarker counting and analysis. The platform contains a standard polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel integrated on a wristband, and the circuitry on the wristband is composed of a custom analog lock-in amplification system, a microcontroller with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a Bluetooth module wirelessly paired with a smartphone. The lock-in amplification (LIA) system is implemented with a novel architecture which consists of the lock-in amplifier followed by a high-pass filter stage with DC offset subtraction, and a post-subtraction high gain stage enabling detection of particles as small as 2.8  μm using the 8-bit ADC. The Android smartphone application was used to initiate the system and for offline data-plotting and peak counting, and supports online data readout, analysis, and file management. The data is exportable to researchers and medical professionals for in-depth analysis and remote health monitoring. The system, including the microfluidic sensor, microcontroller, and Bluetooth module all fit on the wristband with a footprint of less than 80 cm2. We demonstrate the ability of the system to obtain generalized blood cell counts; however the system can be applied to a wide variety of biomarkers by interchanging the standard microfluidic channel with microfluidic channels designed for biomarker isolation.
Systems analysis of intracellular pH vulnerabilities for cancer therapy
Authors: Persi Erez , Duran-Frigola Miquel , Damaghi Mehdi , Roush William R. , Aloy Patrick , Cleveland John L. , Gillies Robert J. , Ruppin Eytan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA reverse pH gradient is a hallmark of cancer metabolism, manifested by extracellular acidosis and intracellular alkalization. While consequences of extracellular acidosis are known, the roles of intracellular alkalization are incompletely understood. By reconstructing and integrating enzymatic pH-dependent activity profiles into cell-specific genome-scale metabolic models, we develop a computational methodology that explores how intracellular pH (pHi) can modulate metabolism. We show that in silico, alkaline pHi maximizes cancer cell proliferation coupled to increased glycolysis and adaptation to hypoxia (i.e., the Warburg effect), whereas acidic pHi disables these adaptations and compromises tumor cell growth. We then systematically identify metabolic targets (GAPDHandGPI) with predicted amplified anti-cancer effects at acidic pHi, forming a novel therapeutic strategy. Experimental testing of this strategy in breast cancer cells reveals that it is particularly effective against aggressive phenotypes. Hence, this study suggests essential roles of pHi in cancer metabolism and provides a conceptual and computational framework for exploring pHi roles in other biomedical domains.
Optical imaging of metabolic dynamics in animals
Authors: Shi Lingyan , Zheng Chaogu , Shen Yihui , Chen Zhixing , Silveira Edilson S. , Zhang Luyuan , Wei Mian , Liu Chang , de Sena-Tomas Carmen , Targoff Kimara , Min Wei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDirect visualization of metabolic dynamics in living animals with high spatial and temporal resolution is essential to understanding many biological processes. Here we introduce a platform that combines deuterium oxide (D2O) probing with stimulated Raman scattering (DO-SRS) microscopy to image in situ metabolic activities. Enzymatic incorporation of D2O-derived deuterium into macromolecules generates carbon–deuterium (C–D) bonds, which track biosynthesis in tissues and can be imaged by SRS in situ. Within the broad vibrational spectra of C–D bonds, we discover lipid-, protein-, and DNA-specific Raman shifts and develop spectral unmixing methods to obtain C–D signals with macromolecular selectivity. DO-SRS microscopy enables us to probe de novo lipogenesis in animals, image protein biosynthesis without tissue bias, and simultaneously visualize lipid and protein metabolism and reveal their different dynamics. DO-SRS microscopy, being noninvasive, universally applicable, and cost-effective, can be adapted to a broad range of biological systems to study development, tissue homeostasis, aging, and tumor heterogeneity.
Distributed forward Brillouin sensor based on local light phase recovery
Authors: Chow Desmond M. , Yang Zhisheng , Soto Marcelo A. , Thévenaz Luc 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe distributed fibre sensing technology based on backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (BSBS) is experiencing a rapid development. However, all reported implementations of distributed Brillouin fibre sensors until today are restricted to detecting physical parameters inside the fibre core. On the contrary, forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS), due to its resonating transverse acoustic waves, is being studied recently to facilitate innovative detections in the fibre surroundings, opening sensing domains that are impossible with BSBS. Nevertheless, due to the co-propagating behaviour of the pump and scattered lights, it is a challenge to position-resolve FSBS information along a fibre. Here we show a distributed FSBS analysis based on recovering the FSBS induced phase change of the propagating light waves. A spatial resolution of 15 m is achieved over a length of 730 m and the local acoustic impedances of water and ethanol in a 30 m-long uncoated fibre segment are measured, agreeing well with the standard values.
Highly-efficient extraction of entangled photons from quantum dots using a broadband optical antenna
Authors: Chen Yan , Zopf Michael , Keil Robert , Ding Fei , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMany quantum photonic technologies require the efficient generation of entangled pairs of photons, but to date there have been few ways to produce them reliably. Sources based on parametric down conversion operate at very low efficiency per pulse due to the probabilistic generation process. Semiconductor quantum dots can emit single pairs of entangled photons deterministically but they fall short due to the extremely low-extraction efficiency. Strategies for extracting single photons from quantum dots, such as embedding them in narrowband optical cavities, are difficult to translate to entangled photons. Here, we build a broadband optical antenna with an extraction efficiency of 65% ± 4% and demonstrate a highly-efficient entangled-photon source by collecting strongly entangled photons (fidelity of 0.9) at a pair efficiency of 0.372 ± 0.002 per pulse. The high brightness achieved by our source represents a step forward in the development of optical quantum technologies.
GM-CSF driven myeloid cells in adipose tissue link weight gain and insulin resistance via formation of 2-aminoadipate
Authors: Plubell Deanna L. , Fenton Alexandra M. , Wilmarth Phillip A. , Bergstrom Paige , Zhao Yuqi , Minnier Jessica , Heinecke Jay W. , Yang Xia , Pamir Nathalie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn a GM-CSF driven myeloid cell deficient mouse model (Csf2−/−) that has preserved insulin sensitivity despite increased adiposity, we used unbiased three-dimensional integration of proteome profiles, metabolic profiles, and gene regulatory networks to understand adipose tissue proteome-wide changes and their metabolic implications. Multi-dimensional liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and extended multiplex mass labeling was used to analyze proteomes of epididymal adipose tissues isolated fromCsf2+/+andCsf2−/−mice that were fed low fat, high fat, or high fat plus cholesterol diets for 8 weeks. The metabolic health (as measured by body weight, adiposity, plasma fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, phospholipids, total cholesterol levels, and glucose and insulin tolerance tests) deteriorated with diet for both genotypes, while mice lacking Csf2 were protected from insulin resistance. Regardless of diet, 30 mostly mitochondrial, branch chain amino acids (BCAA), and lysine metabolism proteins were altered betweenCsf2−/−andCsf2+/+mice (FDR < 0.05). Lack of GM-CSF driven myeloid cells lead to reduced adipose tissue 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (DHTKD1) levels and subsequent increase in plasma 2-aminoadipate (2-AA) levels, both of which are reported to correlate with insulin resistance. Tissue DHTKD1 levels were >4-fold upregulated and plasma 2-AA levels were >2 fold reduced inCsf2−/−mice (p < 0.05). GM-CSF driven myeloid cells link peripheral insulin sensitivity to adiposity via lysine metabolism involving DHTKD1/2-AA axis in a diet independent manner.
Poor oral health and risk of incident myocardial infarction: A prospective cohort study of Swedish adults, 1973–2012
Authors: Wilson Katherine , Liu Zhiwei , Huang Jiaqi , Roosaar Ann , Axéll Tony , Ye Weimin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPrevious studies provide conflicting evidence as to whether there is an association between poor oral health and an increased risk of myocardial infarction. The aim of the study was to deepen knowledge of the association between oral health and myocardial infarction risk using a large (n = 20,133), prospective, and population-based cohort in Uppsala, Sweden. Oral health was determined during a clinical dental examination at entry into the cohort in 1973/74. Individuals were followed through linkage with the Swedish National Patient Register, Cause of Death Register and Emigration Register. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for total, non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction events. Increased risks of total, non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction events among individuals with fewer reference teeth at examination, more dental plaque and a borderline significant increased risk among individuals with oral lesions were observed. Adjustment for multiple potential confounding factors did not change the results appreciably. However, the observed HRs generally decreased towards one when the analysis was confined to non-tobacco users only. The results from this study indicate that poor oral health is associated with a slightly increased risk of myocardial infarction; however, these results may be partly explained by residual confounding.
Influence of the sebaceous gland density on the stratum corneum lipidome
Authors: Ludovici Matteo , Kozul Nina , Materazzi Stefano , Risoluti Roberta , Picardo Mauro , Camera Emanuela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe skin surface lipids (SSL) result from the blending of sebaceous and epidermal lipids, which derive from the sebaceous gland (SG) secretion and the permeability barrier of the stratum corneum (SC), respectively. In humans, the composition of the SSL is distinctive of the anatomical distribution of the SG. Thus, the abundance of sebum biomarkers is consistent with the density of the SG. Limited evidence on the influence that the SG exerts on the SC lipidome is available. We explored the differential amounts of sebaceous and epidermal lipids in areas at different SG density with lipidomics approaches. SC was sampled with adhesive patches from forearm, chest, and forehead of 10 healthy adults (8F, 2M) after mechanical removal of sebum with absorbing paper. Lipid extracts of SC were analysed by HPLC/(-)ESI-TOF-MS. In the untargeted approach, the naïve molecular features extraction algorithm was used to extract meaningful entities. Aligned and normalized data were evaluated by univariate and multivariate statistics. Quantitative analysis of free fatty acids (FFA) and cholesterol sulfate (CHS) was performed by targeted HPLC/(-)ESI-TOF-MS, whereas cholesterol and squalene were quantified by GC-MS. Untargeted approaches demonstrated that the relative abundance of numerous lipid species was distinctive of SC depending upon the different SG density. The discriminating species included FFA, CHS, and ceramides. Targeted analyses confirmed that sebaceous FFA and epidermal FFA were increased and decreased, respectively, in areas at high SG density. CHS and squalene, which are biomarkers of epidermal and sebaceous lipid matrices, respectively, were both significantly higher in areas at elevated SG density. Overall, results indicated that the SG secretion intervenes in shaping the lipid composition of the epidermal permeability barrier.
Direct nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds by potent greenhouse gas, fluoroform: Improving the reactivity of anionoid trifluoromethyl species in glymes
Authors: Saito Takuya , Wang Jiandong , Tokunaga Etsuko , Tsuzuki Seiji , Shibata Norio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA simple protocol to overcome the problematic trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds by the potent greenhouse gas “HFC-23, fluoroform” with a potassium base is described. Simply the use of glymes as a solvent or an additive dramatically improves the yields of this transformation. Experimental results and DFT calculations suggest that the beneficial effect deals with glyme coordination to the K+ to produce [K(polyether)n]+ whose diminished Lewis acidity renders the reactive anionoid CF3 counterion species more ‘naked’, thereby slowing down its undesirable decomposition to CF2 and F− and simultaneously increasing its reactivity towards the organic substrate.
Impacts of hatchery-reared mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi stocking on wild fish community and water quality in a shallow Yangtze lake
Authors: Li Wei , Hicks Brendan J. , Lin Mingli , Guo Chuanbo , Zhang Tanglin , Liu Jiashou , Li Zhongjie , Beauchamp David A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMandarin fishSiniperca chuatsi, a valuable piscivorous fish, have been stocked into many lakes in China since the 1990s. This study did the first attempt to evaluate the ecological effects of hatchery-reared mandarin fish stocking in the Yangtze River basin lakes. Our study demonstrated a significant change in fish community composition after mandarin fish stocking, but no fish extinction was observed. No significant difference was observed in the total density of 13 forage fish before and after mandarin fish stocking, but the total biomass showed a significant decline after mandarin fish stocking. Significant differences in length-frequency distributions were observed forCarassius auratus,Pseudorasbora parvaandToxabramis swinhoniscaptured before and after stocking mandarin fish. No significant change in habitat distribution was detected before and after mandarin fish stocking. A marked decline in total nitrogen and a slight decline in total phosphorus were observed while a slight increasing trend for Secchi depth was found after stocking. Our findings suggested that mandarin fish stocking can increase predation pressure on forage fish and subsequently optimize the food web structure. Also, mandarin fish stocking has the potential to improve water quality and may be a feasible strategy to alleviate eutrophication of shallow Yangtze lakes.
Age Alters Chromatin Structure and Expression of SUMO Proteins under Stress Conditions in Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Shan Xiaoyin , Roberts Cleresa , Lan Yemin , Percec Ivona 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAdult stem cells play a critical role in tissue homeostasis and repair. Aging leads to a decline in stem cells’ regenerative capacity that contributes significantly to the maintenance of organ and tissue functions. Age-dependent genomic and epigenetic modifications together play a role in the disruption of critical cellular pathways. However, the epigenetic mechanisms responsible for the decline of adult stem cell functions remain to be well established. Here, we investigated age-dependent, genome-wide alterations in the chromatin accessibility of primary human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in comparison to age-matched fibroblasts via ATAC-seq technology. Our results demonstrate that aging ASCs possess globally more stable chromatin accessibility profiles as compared to aging fibroblasts, suggesting that robust regulatory mechanisms maintain adult stem cell chromatin structure against aging. Furthermore, we observed age-dependent subtle changes in promoter nucleosome positioning in selective pathways during aging, concurrent with altered small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) protein expression under stress conditions. Together, our data suggest a significant role for nucleosome positioning in sumoylation pathway regulation in stress response during adult stem cell aging. The differences described here between the chromatin structure of human ASCs and fibroblasts will further elucidate the mechanisms regulating gene expression during aging in both stem cells and differentiated cells.
Aggregates of IVIG or Avastin, but not HSA, modify the response to model innate immune response modulating impurities
Authors: Polumuri Swamy Kumar , Haile Lydia A. , Ireland Derek D. C. , Verthelyi Daniela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTherapeutic proteins can induce immune responses that affect their safety and efficacy. Product aggregates and innate immune response modulating impurities (IIRMI) are risk factors of product immunogenicity. In this study, we use Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG), Avastin, and Human Serum Albumin (HSA) to explore whether increased aggregates activate innate immune cells or modify the response to IIRMI. We show that increased aggregates (shaken or stirred) in IVIG and Avastin, but not HSA, induced activation of MAPKs (pp38, pERK and pJNK) and transcription of immune-related genes including IL8, IL6, IL1β, CSF1, CCL2, CCL7, CCL3, CCL24, CXCL2, IRAK1, EGR2, CEBPβ, PPARg and TNFSF15 in human PBMC. The immunomodulatory effect was primarily mediated by FcγR, but not by TLR. Interestingly, increased aggregates in IVIG or Avastin magnified innate immune responses to TLR2/4 agonists, but diminished responses to TLR3/9 agonists. This study shows that IIRMI and aggregates can modify the activity of immune cells potentially modifying the milieu where the products are delivered highlighting the complex interplay of different impurities on product immunogenicity risk. Further, we show that aggregates could modify the sensitivity of PBMC-based assays designed to detect IIRMI. Understanding and managing immunogenicity risk is a critical component of product development and regulation.
S100P enhances the motility and invasion of human trophoblast cell lines
Authors: Tabrizi Maral E. A. , Lancaster Tara L. , Ismail Thamir M. , Georgiadou Athina , Ganguly Ankana , Mistry Jayna J. , Wang Keqing , Rudland Philip S. , Ahmad Shakil , Gross Stephane R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractS100P has been shown to be a marker for carcinogenesis where its expression in solid tumours correlates with metastasis and a poor patient prognosis. This protein’s role in any physiological process is, however, unknown. Here we first show that S100P is expressed both in trophoblastsin vivoas well as in some corresponding cell lines in culture. We demonstrate that S100P is predominantly expressed during the early stage of placental formation with its highest expression levels occurring during the first trimester of gestation, particularly in the invading columns and anchoring villi. Using gain or loss of function studies through overexpression or knockdown of S100P expression respectively, our work shows that S100P stimulates both cell motility and cellular invasion in different trophoblastic and first trimester EVT cell lines. Interestingly, cell invasion was seen to be more dramatically affected than cell migration. Our results suggest that S100P may be acting as an important regulator of trophoblast invasion during placentation. This finding sheds new light on a hitherto uncharacterized molecular mechanism which may, in turn, lead to the identification of novel targets that may explain why significant numbers of confirmed human pregnancies suffer complications through poor placental implantation.