bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To what extent can oil palm plantations in the Amazon support assemblages of Odonata larvae?
Authors: Mendes Thiago Pereira , Benone Naraiana Loureiro , Juen Leandro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aims of the study were to identify differences in alpha and beta diversity of Odonata larvae of the suborders Zygoptera and Anisoptera found between continuous forest sites (forest) and oil palm sites with forested buffers (oil palm), and to evaluate the extent of turnover and nestedness of communities within each habitat type.Twenty‐nine streams were sampled, 11 in forests and 18 in oil palm sites in the eastern Amazon. Alpha diversity of Zygoptera and Anisoptera was higher in streams at oil palm sites. Variation in species composition measured by beta diversity is primarily structured by turnover. Biotic heterogeneity of Zygoptera was higher in oil palm sites, while no difference was found in Anisoptera.Forested streams had more wood in the streambed, whereas oil palm sites had finer sediment, higher non‐agricultural human impact, water temperature, and road proximity index. Anisoptera turnover was positively correlated with water temperature and amount of wood in the streambed; Zygoptera turnover was positively correlated with non‐agricultural human impact.The patterns observed in Zygoptera can be attributed to the presence of forested buffers, which may have influenced the selection of foraging sites by adults and determined larval distribution.We conclude that oil palm plantations can change the environmental structure of streams and influence genus richness and turnover in Amazon streams. These results might help explain changes caused by oil palm plantations on Anisoptera and Zygoptera assemblages.
Structures and pyroelectric properties for [111]‐oriented Mn‐doped rhombohedral 0.36PIN‐0.36PMN‐0.28PT crystal
Authors: Du Qiuxiang , Tang Yanxue , Huang Xiaoli , Wang Feifei , Zhao Xiangyong , Duan Zhihua , Zhuang Xusheng , Shi Wangzhou , Zhao Jing , Liu Fei , Luo Haosu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe crystal structures, pyroelectric properties, and thermal stability of [111]‐oriented 0.5 mol% Mn‐doped 0.36Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐0.36Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.28PbTiO3 (Mn‐0.36PIN‐0.36PMN‐0.28PT) ternary single crystal were investigated. The temperature dependence of the Raman spectra and dielectric properties revealed that the crystal exhibited a rhombohedral (R) structure at room temperature, and ferroelectric R → tetragonal (T) and ferroelectric T to paraelectric cubic (C) phase transitions at 130 and 175°C respectively. The single crystal had a high remnant polarization of Pr = 38 μC cm–2 and coercive field of EC = 12 kV cm–1 at room temperature and a frequency of f = 100 Hz. The values of Pr and EC decreased with increasing temperature, exhibiting anomalies near their phase‐transition temperatures, which coincided with changes in the Raman spectra and dielectric properties. Furthermore, at 25°C and f = 100 Hz, the single crystal had high pyroelectric coefficients of p = 8.7 × 10−4 C m−2 K−1, figures of merit for the current responsivity of Fi = 3.5 × 10−10 m V−1, the voltage responsivity of Fv = 0.08 m2 C−1, and the detectivity of Fd = 30.1 × 10−5 Pa−1/2. These values were weakly dependent on temperature below 120°C. In addition, the room‐temperature pyroelectric coefficients of the ternary single crystal maintain over 83% of the original value at thermal annealing temperatures below 120°C. These outstanding pyroelectric properties, together with high thermal stability, indicate that [111]‐oriented rhombohedral Mn‐0.36PIN‐0.36PMN‐0.28PT ternary single crystal is a new potential candidate for infrared detection applications.
Validity of a questionnaire developed to measure the impact of a high‐fidelity simulation intervention: A feasibility study
Authors: Haddeland Kristine , Slettebø Åshild , Svensson Elisabeth , Carstens Patricia , Fossum Mariann 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the validity and responsiveness of a questionnaire developed to measure the impact of a high‐fidelity simulation intervention.DesignA pre‐ and postintervention design.MethodsIn August 2017, 107 participants completed a questionnaire measuring knowledge and perceived self‐confidence pre‐ and postintervention. Validity of the questionnaire was determined by expert reviews, individual interviews and estimates of the changes in knowledge and perceived self‐confidence. The changes were estimated by the differences between paired proportions of participants. The responsiveness of the ordered categorical item scores on self‐confidence was evaluated by the measure of systematic group change and individual variations.ResultsThe analysis of the interviews resulted in three themes: item content, item style and the administration of the questionnaire. An intervention effect on knowledge assessments was shown by the changes in paired proportions of participants with increased or decreased correct assessments (ranging from −25.5 ‐ 24.8 percentage units). The responsiveness of the self‐confidence scale was confirmed by evidence of post‐intervention systematic group changes towards higher levels.ConclusionThis study provides useful experience for a forthcoming randomized controlled study to evaluate the effect of high‐fidelity simulation on undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge and self‐confidence when assessing patient deterioration.ImpactCause‐and‐effect relationship between simulation and learning is required to improve nursing education. A statistically significant rise in students’ knowledge and levels of self‐confidence after simulation were identified in this study. The study provided important aspects of future research study designs.
Managing genomes of conserved livestock breeds with historical introgression to decrease genetic overlap with other breeds
Authors: Wang Yu , Bennewitz Jörn , Wellmann Robin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecovering the native genetic background of a breed and increasing the founder genome equivalent (FGE) that is contributed by a breed to the gene pool of the species can increase its value for conservation. The suitability of several strategies was compared, whereby a hypothetical multi‐breed population, the core set, was used to approximate the genetic diversity of the species. Twenty‐five generations of management were simulated based on genotypes of German Angler cattle. The scenarios were compared when the kinship reached 0.10. The native contribution (NC) increased in a population with 400 births per generation from 0.317 to 0.706, whereas 1,000 births enabled to reach 0.894. This scenario maximized the NC, constrained the native kinship, and the kinship of the core set so that its genetic diversity could not decrease. It increased the proportions of mainstream breeds because their genes were removed from the target breed. A substantial increase of the FGE was achieved in some other scenarios, which arose from reduced genetic overlap and from increased diversity within the breed. The latter factor is especially important for breeds with high contributions to the core set.
What will make patients use a patient decision aid? A qualitative study on patients' perspectives on implementation barriers and facilitators
Authors: Tong Wen Ting , Ng Chirk Jenn , Lee Yew Kong , Lee Ping Yein 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesFew studies focus on patients' views on factors influencing implementation of patient decision aids (PDAs). This study aims to explore patients' views on the factors influencing implementation of an “insulin choice” PDA in a primary care setting.MethodsThis study used a descriptive qualitative study design. Interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide developed based on the theoretical domains framework. Nine in‐depth interviews and three focus group discussions were conducted with patients with type 2 diabetes who have been advised to start insulin or were currently using insulin and those who had been seeking diabetes treatment in the clinic for more than 1 year. Interviews were conducted after the participants were familiarized with the PDA. Data were analysed using a thematic approach.ResultsFive themes emerged from the data analysis: (a) trust in the physician (patients preferred physicians to other health care providers in delivering the insulin PDA to them as they trusted physicians more when it comes to making decisions such as starting insulin), (b) physician's attitude (patients were more likely to trust a physician who is friendly and sympathetic hence would be more willing to use the insulin PDA), (c) physician's communication style (patients were more willing to use the insulin PDA if the physicians would take time and guide them in the PDA use), (d) conducive environment (patients preferred to read the PDA at home), and (e) cost (patients would not be willing to pay to use the insulin PDA unless they needed it).ConclusionsPatients want physicians to play a major role in the implementation of the insulin PDA; physicians' communication style and commitment may influence implementation outcomes. Health care authorities need to create a conducive environment and provide patients with free access to PDA to promote effective implementation.
Shared decision making: Does a physician's decision‐making style affect patient participation in treatment choices for primary immunodeficiency?
Authors: Lamb Christopher C. , Wang Yunmei , Lyytinen Kalle 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOverall health care spending in the United States is equivalent to more than 15% of GDP, yet outcomes rank below the top 25 in most quality categories when compared with other Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The majority of spending is consumed by small patient populations with chronic diseases. Experts believe increased patient‐physician shared decision making (SDM) should result in better overall longitudinal care but understanding the physician's role in facilitating SDM is limited. Structural equation modelling was applied to results of a 2016 questionnaire‐based survey of 330 US physicians who treat approximately 55% of primary immune deficiency requiring immune globulin therapy; it tested the relationship between slow/rational vs fast/intuitive decision‐making styles and SDM as mediated by patient‐centric care and moderated by physician's trust in the patient. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between slow/rational decision making and SDM. The results also suggest differences related to age, gender, education, and race but no differences related to trust.
Apixaban Concentrations with Lower than Recommended Dosing in Older Adults with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sukumar Smrithi , Gulilat Markus , Linton Bradley , Gryn Steven E. , Dresser George K. , Alfonsi Jeffrey E. , Schwarz Ute I. , Kim Richard B. , Schwartz Janice B. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVESLower than recommended doses of direct‐acting oral anticoagulants are often prescribed to older adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Our goal was to determine the consequences of lower than recommended dosing on plasma apixaban concentrations during the clinical care of older adults with NVAF.DESIGNConvenience sample of patients receiving anticoagulation during 2017.SETTINGAcademic medical center.PARTICIPANTSStable adults older than 65 years with NVAF receiving apixaban on a chronic basis.MEASUREMENTSPatient age, weight, creatinine, co‐medications, and apixaban concentrations.RESULTSA total of 110 older adults with NVAF (mean age = 80.4 y; range = 66‐100 y with 45% women) were studied. Overall, 48 patients received recommended dosing of 5 mg twice/day, and 42 received lower than recommended dosing. One patient in each category had concentrations below the expected 5% to 95% range at time of peak concentrations. Differences in proportion of apixaban concentrations within or outside expected ranges were not significant between patients receiving lower than recommended doses and those dosed as recommended at 5 mg twice/day (P = .35). However, in patients dosed as recommended with 5 mg twice/day, four had concentrations above the 5% to 95% range for peak levels expected at 3 to 4 hours after dosing; in two, this occurred around the midpoint of the dosing interval. Twenty patients received 2.5 mg twice/day as recommended. One‐third had apixaban concentrations higher than expected peak concentrations compared with the clinical trials, and more than two‐thirds had levels above the reported median for peak concentrations.CONCLUSIONSApixaban concentrations in older adults with NVAF seen clinically were higher than expected based on clinical trial data. The findings raise questions about the optimal dosing of apixaban in older adults with NVAF encountered outside of clinical trials and suggest a role for the monitoring of apixaban concentrations during care of patients that differ from those in randomized trials or when considering dosing outside of published guidelines. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1902–1906, 2019
Seemingly disparate temperatures recorded in coexisting granulite facies lithologies
Authors: Schorn Simon , Diener Johann F.A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhase equilibrium modelling of a conformable sequence of supracristal lithologies from the Bushmanland Subprovince of the Namaqua–Natal Metamorphic Complex (South Africa) reveals a disparity of some 60–70°C in estimated peak metamorphic temperature. Aluminous metapelites were equilibrated at ~770–790°C, whereas two‐pyroxene granulite and garnet–orthopyroxene–biotite gneiss record distinctly higher conditions of ~830–850°C. Semi‐pelite and Mg–Al‐rich gneisses yield poorly constrained estimates that span the range derived from other lithologies. All samples record peak pressure of ~5–6 kbar, and followed a roughly isobaric heating path from andalusite‐bearing greenschist/lower amphibolite facies conditions through a tight clockwise loop at near‐peak conditions, followed by near‐isobaric cooling. The disparity in peak temperatures appears to be robust, as the low‐variance assemblages in all samples reflect well‐known melting reactions that only occur over narrow temperature intervals. The stable coexistence of both products and reactants of these melting reactions indicates that they did not go to completion before metamorphism waned. Calculated pressure–enthalpy diagrams show that the melting reactions are strongly endothermic and therefore buffer temperature while heat is consumed by melting. Because the respective reactions occur at distinct P–T conditions and have different reactant assemblages, individual lithologies are thermally buffered at different temperatures and to different degrees, depending on the occurrence and abundance of reactant minerals. Our calculations show that all lithologies received essentially the same suprasolidus heat budget of 19 ± 1 kJ/mol, which led to the manifestation of lower peak temperatures in the more fertile and strongly buffered aluminous metapelites compared with more refractory rock types. If little to no thermal communication is assumed, this implies that lithology exerts a first‐order control over the heating path and the peak temperature that can be attained for a specific heat budget. Our results caution that the metamorphic conditions derived from pelitic granulites should not be assumed or extrapolated to larger sections of an orogenic crust that consist of other, more refractory lithologies.
Evaluation of a new diode laser for the treatment of lower extremity leg veins
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Biron Julie , Sensing Whitney 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIntroductionVisible leg veins are a common cosmetic concern treated mostly by 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser that has become the chosen laser therapy for treating all leg veins up to 3 mm in size. The objective of the current prospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new 1064 nm diode laser for leg veins and spider veins on the lower extremities.MethodsA total of 15 female subjects seeking leg veins and spider veins treatment were recruited to this study. The treatment protocol included two treatment sessions 6 weeks apart and two follow‐up visits at three and 6 months after the last diode laser treatment. Results were evaluated by photographs and an investigator classification of the treated vascular lesions appearance on five scores scale from 0 (normal) to 4 (severe).ResultsTreatment area photos demonstrated improvement in vascular lesions appearance. Average vascular lesions classification was reduced by approximately one score from baseline score of 2.9 (score 3 is moderate) to an average score 2 (mild) at the 3‐month follow‐up visit. This improved classification sustained also at 6‐month follow‐up visit, indicating the long‐term effect of the treatment impact. No significant or unexpected adverse events were detected in any of the patients as a result of the treatments.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that the new 1064 nm diode laser is safe and effective for the treatment of leg vascular lesions on the lower extremities.
Therapeutics of premature hair graying: A long journey ahead
Authors: Kaur Kiranjeet , Kaur Rajveer , Bala Indu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPremature graying of hair has major psychosocial and socioeconomic repercussion, as it is considered as a sign of hastily progressing old age, ill health and often leads to loss of self‐esteem. Hair is said to gray prematurely when it happens before the age of 20 years in Caucasians, 25 years in Asians, and 30 years in Africans. The hair color chiefly depends on melanin pigment, and fabrication of this pigment takes place in melanosomes through the process of melanogenesis. This complex biochemical pathway (melanogenesis) is further dependent on tyrosinase which acts as fuel.The normal human scalp is subjected to various factors categorized as intrinsic and extrinsic leading to graying of hair. Intrinsic factors comprise of variants responsible for changes at genetic level while extrinsic factors include air pollution, ultraviolet radiation, smoking, and nutrition. It has been proposed that direct or indirect effect of all these factors results in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus leading to further damage. Though research has expanded in last few years in terms of microscopic, biochemical (hormonal, enzymatic), and molecular changes happening within hair follicle/shaft, still the exact mechanism leading to premature graying of hair is not well understood. Probable solutions toward this quandary are diet, herbal remedies, and temporary hair colorants. Ironically, the latter one being the most common has various side effects such as allergic reactions, inflammation, and hair loss. The aim of this paper was to review the manifestation and probable future interventions in preventing premature hair graying.
From abstract to recognizable: Modeling tendencies of a basic salt solution and a tomato soup based on affective reactions
Authors: Barnett Sasha M. , Diako Charles , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to understand the crossmodal interaction between salt taste and shape, specifically, the relationship between consumer affective reactions to a salt solution and a tomato soup. Panelists rated samples for acceptance of basic tastes and overall liking, and molded modeling clay into a shape that best reflected their sensory experience. Data were analyzed using a multinomial logit model and a two proportion z test. Shapes molded were categorized into six groups: round, flat, long, pointy, abstract, and recognizable. For solutions, liking of saltiness significantly increased the tendency of molding a recognizable shape over an abstract shape. For tomato soups, higher overall liking increased the tendency of a recognizable shape being molded. Panelists differed in their affective reactions to a salt solution and tomato soup, and the subsequent translation of these reactions into physical shapes, supporting the existence of a crossmodal interaction between taste and shape formation.Practical ApplicationInformation from this research will be useful in understanding the affective responses to salt. The application of modeling clay in food product development can give another avenue by which panelists can express the integration of perceptions, especially in food products that have been reduced in salt. This information may also aid in packaging development as packages could be shaped into forms that are related to higher acceptance or into forms commonly associated with the prevailing taste present in a food product so as to convey sensory information to the consumer prior to purchase.
Pruning deep convolutional neural networks for efficient edge computing in condition assessment of infrastructures
Authors: Wu Rih‐Teng , Singla Ankush , Jahanshahi Mohammad R. , Bertino Elisa , Ko Bong Jun , Verma Dinesh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHealth monitoring of civil infrastructures is a key application of Internet of things (IoT), while edge computing is an important component of IoT. In this context, swarms of autonomous inspection robots, which can replace current manual inspections, are examples of edge devices. Incorporation of pretrained deep learning algorithms into these robots for autonomous damage detection is a challenging problem since these devices are typically limited in computing and memory resources. This study introduces a solution based on network pruning using Taylor expansion to utilize pretrained deep convolutional neural networks for efficient edge computing and incorporation into inspection robots. Results from comprehensive experiments on two pretrained networks (i.e., VGG16 and ResNet18) and two types of prevalent surface defects (i.e., crack and corrosion) are presented and discussed in detail with respect to performance, memory demands, and the inference time for damage detection. It is shown that the proposed approach significantly enhances resource efficiency without decreasing damage detection performance.
The Arabidopsis defensin gene AtPDF2.5 mediates cadmium tolerance and accumulation
Authors: Luo Jin‐Song , Yang Yong , Gu Tianyu , Wu Zhimin , Zhang Zhenhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlthough excess cadmium (Cd) accumulation is harmful to plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd detoxification and accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana remain largely undetermined. In this study, we demonstrated that the A. thaliana PLANT DEFENSIN 2 gene AtPDF2.5 is involved in Cd tolerance and accumulation. In vitro Cd‐binding assays revealed that AtPDF2.5 has Cd‐chelating activity. Site‐directed mutagenesis of AtPDF2.5 identified eight cysteine residues that were essential for mediating Cd tolerance and chelation. Histochemical analysis demonstrated that AtPDF2.5 was mainly expressed in root xylem vascular bundles, and that AtPDF2.5 was significantly induced by Cd. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AtPDF2.5 was localized to the cell wall. The overexpression of AtPDF2.5 significantly enhanced Cd tolerance and accumulation in A. thaliana and its heterologous overexpression in rice increased Cd accumulation; however, the functional disruption of AtPDF2.5 decreased Cd tolerance and accumulation. Physiological analysis suggested that AtPDF2.5 promoted Cd efflux from the protoplast and its subsequent accumulation in the cell wall. These data suggest that AtPDF2.5 promotes cytoplasmic Cd efflux via chelation, thereby enhancing Cd detoxification and apoplastic accumulation.