bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remap: An online remote sensing application for land cover classification and monitoring
Authors: Murray Nicholas J. , Keith David A. , Simpson Daniel , Wilshire John H. , Lucas Richard M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Recent assessments of progress towards global conservation targets have revealed a paucity of indicators suitable for assessing the changing state of ecosystems. Moreover, land managers and planners are often unable to gain timely access to the maps they need to support their routine decision‐making. This deficiency is partly due to a lack of suitable data on ecosystem change, driven mostly by the considerable technical expertise needed to develop ecosystem maps from remote sensing data.

We have developed a free and open‐access online remote sensing and environmental modelling application, the Remote Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment Pipeline (Remap; https://remap-app.org), that enables volunteers, managers and scientists with little or no experience in remote sensing to generate classifications (maps) of land cover and land use change over time.

Remap utilizes the geospatial data storage and analysis capacity of Google Earth Engine and requires only spatially resolved training data that define map classes of interest (e.g. ecosystem types). The training data, which can be uploaded or annotated interactively within Remap, are used in a random forest classification of up to 13 publicly available predictor datasets to assign all pixels in a focal region to map classes. Predictor datasets available in Remap represent topographic (e.g. slope, elevation), spectral (archival Landsat image composites) and climatic variables (precipitation, temperature) that are relevant to the distribution of ecosystems and land cover classes.

The ability of Remap to develop and export high‐quality classified maps in a very short (<10 min) time frame represents a considerable advance towards globally accessible and free application of remote sensing technology. By enabling access to data and simplifying remote sensing classifications, Remap can catalyse the monitoring of land use and change to support environmental conservation, including developing inventories of biodiversity, identifying hotspots of ecosystem diversity, ecosystem‐based spatial conservation planning, mapping ecosystem loss at local scales and supporting environmental education initiatives.
Incorporation of the microencapsulated antimicrobial agent phytoncide into denture base resin
Authors: An S , Judge RB , Wong RH , Arzmi MH , Palamara JE , Dashper SG 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to fabricate a denture base resin (DBR) containing phytoncide microcapsules (PTMCs) and determine the mechanical properties of the resin and antifungal activity.MethodsFifty‐four heat‐cured rectangular DBR specimens (64 × 10 × 3.3 ± 0.2 mm) containing nine concentrations of PTMC between 0 and 5% (wt/wt) were fabricated and subjected to a three‐point bending test. A phytoncide release bioassay was developed using DBR containing 0% and 2.5% PTMCs (wt/wt) in a 24 well‐plate assay with incubation of Porphyromonas gingivalis at 37 °C for 74 h. The antifungal activity of PTMCs against Candida albicans, in a pH 5.5 acidic environment was determined in a plate assay.ResultsFlexural strength decreased with increasing PTMC concentration from 97.58 ± 4.79 MPa for the DBR alone to 53.66 ± 2.46 MPa for DBR containing 5.0% PTMC. No release of phytoncide from the PTMCs in the DBR was detected at pH 7.4. The PTMCs had a minimal inhibitory concentration of 2.6% (wt/vol) against C. albicans at pH 5.5.ConclusionsPTMCs can be added to DBR 2.5% (wt/wt) without adversely affecting flexural strength. PTMCs released the antimicrobial agent at pH 5.5 at concentrations sufficient to inhibit the growth of the C. albicans.
Positive and negative affect in cocaine use disorder treatment: Change across time and relevance to treatment outcome
Authors: Decker Suzanne E. , Morie Kristen P. , Malin‐Mayo Bo , Nich Charla , Carroll Kathleen M. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundCognitive‐behavior therapy (CBT) for substance use disorder is empirically supported, and may be associated with change in affect over time.ObjectivesUnderstanding the role of affect in cocaine use disorder could help to improve CBT outcomes.MethodsThis secondary analysis included 140 adults with cocaine use disorder, 57.9% female, drawn from two randomized controlled studies of web‐based cognitive‐behavior therapy who completed the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) before and during treatment.ResultsIn mixed‐effects regression models, baseline negative affect (NA) scores were not associated with self‐reported cocaine use during treatment, but baseline PA scores were associated with less frequent cocaine use (β = −0.04, p = .02). During treatment, NA scores reduced over time in CBT and treatment as usual (β = −0.27, p < .01), although PA scores did not change. Higher weekly NA scores were associated with weekly cocaine use (β = .02, SE = .01, t(746.15) = 2.37, p = .02), although weekly PANAS PA scores were not associated with weekly cocaine use.Discussion and ConclusionsResults indicated that individuals with higher baseline PA were more likely to abstain from cocaine use during treatment, even when controlling for baseline cocaine use frequency. Although baseline NA was not associated with cocaine use, NA during treatment was associated with greater cocaine use.Scientific SignificancePA at baseline and NA during treatment were associated with cocaine use. If findings are replicated, treatment developers may wish to include treatment interventions to boost early PA and reduce NA throughout treatment. (Am J Addict 2018;27:375–382)
Improving effects of dietary rumen protected γ‐aminobutyric acid additive on apparent nutrient digestibility, growth performance and health status in heat‐stressed beef cattle
Authors: Guo Kun , Cao Huabin , Zhu Yuanjun , Wang Tiancheng , Hu Guoliang , Kornmatitsuk Bunlue , Luo Junrong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study was aimed to investigate the effects of rumen‐protected γ‐aminobutyric acid (RP‐GABA) on apparent nutrient digestibility, growth performance and health status in heat stressed beef cattle. Fifty Jinjiang Yellow cattle were randomly assigned to 5 treatments (10 animals/treatment). Treatments 1 to 5 were basal diets affixed with 0 (control), 8, 16, 24 and 32 mg of RP‐GABA/kg of body weight (BW) respectively. The trial lasted 45 days. Apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF) and calcium (Ca) quadratically increased with increasing RP‐GABA (p < .01), while apparent digestibility of phosphorus (P) tended to quadratically increase (p = .09). Dietary supplementation with increasing RP‐GABA linearly increased DM digestibility and average daily gain (ADG) (p < .01), whereas the feed to gain (F:G) ratio linearly decreased with increasing RP‐GABA (p < .01). The average daily feed intake (ADFI) value tended to linearly increase with RP‐GABA supplementation (p = .08). Total protein (TP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels quadratically decreased (p < .01) with increasing RP‐GABA, however albumin (ALB), glucose (GLU), superoxide dismutase (SOD), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels quadratically increased (p ≤ .01). In conclusion, the present results indicated that dietary supplementation with RP‐GABA led to improved nutrient digestibility, growth performance and antioxidant status in heat stressed beef cattle.
Acid Sphingomyelinase Down‐regulation Alleviates Vascular Endothelial Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Li Xin , Jin Shi‐Jie , Su Jie , Li Xiao‐Xue , Xu Ming 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInsulin resistance in endothelial cells contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a soluble glycoprotein which plays a vital role in the development and progression of various diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, it remains unknown if ASM regulates insulin resistance in vascular endothelial cells in type 2 diabetes. ASM down‐regulation with gene silencing and selective inhibitor amitriptyline was used in the rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) treated with palmitic acid (PA), a common saturated free fatty acid, which is thought to be the major cause of insulin resistance. It was shown that ASM down‐regulation increased glucose uptake and glucose transporter‐4 (Glut4) expression and reversed the phosphorylation of pIRS‐1‐ser307 and AKT‐ser473 via ceramide, consequently resulting in the decrease of the production of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide in PA‐induced RAECs. We further found that ASM down‐regulation blocked the Nox2‐ and Nox4‐dependent superoxide (O2−·) generation, which regulated glucose metabolism in RAECs during PA stimulation. In vivo, amitriptyline relieved the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and restored the level of ceramide, Nox2 and Nox4 in the aorta endothelium of high‐fat diet‐fed rats following an injection of streptozotocin. Taken together, these results suggest that ASM down‐regulation can improve endothelial insulin resistance which is attributed to inhibiting redox signalling in RAECs. Thus, these data support the idea that ASM is a promising clinical biomarker and potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complication.
Neuroinformatics and Computational Modelling as Complementary Tools for Neurotoxicology Studies
Authors: Linne Marja‐Leena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNeuroinformatics is an area of science that aims to integrate neuroscience data and develop modern computational tools to increase our understanding of the functions of the nervous system in health and disease. Neuroinformatics tools include, among others, databases for storing and sharing data, repositories for managing documents and source code, and software tools for analysing, modelling and simulating signals and images. This MiniReview aims to present the state of the art in neuroinformatics and computational in silico modelling of neurobiological processes and neuroscientific phenomena as well as to discuss the use of in silico models in neurotoxicology research. In silico modelling can be considered a new, complementary tool in chemical design to predict potential neurotoxicity and in neurotoxicity testing to help clarify initial hypothesis obtained in in vitro and in vivo. Validated in silico models can be used to identify pharmacological targets, to help bridge in vitro and in vivo studies and, ultimately, to develop safer chemicals and efficient therapeutic strategies.
Analysing ecological networks of species interactions
Authors: Delmas Eva , Besson Mathilde , Brice Marie‐Hélène , Burkle Laura A. , Dalla Riva Giulio V. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Gravel Dominique , Guimarães Paulo R. , Hembry David H. , Newman Erica A. , Olesen Jens M. , Pires Mathias M. , Yeakel Justin D. , Poisot Timothée 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTNetwork approaches to ecological questions have been increasingly used, particularly in recent decades. The abstraction of ecological systems – such as communities – through networks of interactions between their components indeed provides a way to summarize this information with single objects. The methodological framework derived from graph theory also provides numerous approaches and measures to analyze these objects and can offer new perspectives on established ecological theories as well as tools to address new challenges. However, prior to using these methods to test ecological hypotheses, it is necessary that we understand, adapt, and use them in ways that both allow us to deliver their full potential and account for their limitations. Here, we attempt to increase the accessibility of network approaches by providing a review of the tools that have been developed so far, with – what we believe to be – their appropriate uses and potential limitations. This is not an exhaustive review of all methods and metrics, but rather, an overview of tools that are robust, informative, and ecologically sound. After providing a brief presentation of species interaction networks and how to build them in order to summarize ecological information of different types, we then classify methods and metrics by the types of ecological questions that they can be used to answer from global to local scales, including methods for hypothesis testing and future perspectives. Specifically, we show how the organization of species interactions in a community yields different network structures (e.g., more or less dense, modular or nested), how different measures can be used to describe and quantify these emerging structures, and how to compare communities based on these differences in structures. Within networks, we illustrate metrics that can be used to describe and compare the functional and dynamic roles of species based on their position in the network and the organization of their interactions as well as associated new methods to test the significance of these results. Lastly, we describe potential fruitful avenues for new methodological developments to address novel ecological questions.
Synthesis and insecticidal activity study of novel anthranilic diamides analogs containing a diacylhydrazine bridge as effective Ca2+ modulators
Authors: Zhou Yunyun , Wei Wei , Zhu Liangliang , Li Yuxin , Li Zhengming 
Published: June 2018

Anthranilic diamides is a class of insecticides target at ryanodine receptors (RyRs). To discover potent insecticides targeting at RyRs, a series of novel anthranilic diamides with a diacylhydrazine bridge were designed and synthesized. Their insecticidal activities were evaluated and a preliminary structure‐activity relationship (SAR) was summarized. In particular, compound 5g exhibited good lethality against oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) at a concentration of 5 mg/L. The calcium imaging experimental results indicated that the compound 5g can serve as effective insect Ca2+ level modulators by disrupting the cellular calcium homeostasis in Mythimna separata (Walker) and Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), which probably activated the RyRs on the ER membrane.
Novel 1,3‐oxazine‐tetrazole hybrids as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors and free radical scavengers: Synthesis, kinetic mechanism, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Qamar Rabia , Saeed Aamer , Larik Fayaz Ali , Abbas Qamar , Hassan Mubashir , Raza Hussain , Seo Sung‐Yum 
Published: June 2018

A variety of 5‐(2H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐4‐thioxo‐2‐(substituted phenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1,3‐oxazin‐6‐ones (3a–k) have been synthesized from 1,3‐oxazine‐5‐carbonitriles (2a–k). The protocol represents an efficient, facile, and novel route from easily available precursors to unprecedented structures that share 1,3‐oxazine and tetrazole motifs of utmost value. All the synthesized compounds (3a–k) were evaluated for their inhibitory potential against mushroom tyrosinase. Results revealed that all examined 1,3‐oxazine‐tetrazole hybrids exhibited significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity while compound 3d having 2‐bromophenyl moiety was the most potent among the series with IC50 value 0.0371 ± 0.0018 μM as compared to the reference kojic acid (IC50 = 16.832 ± 0.73 μM). Inhibitory kinetics showed that compound 3d behaves as a competitive inhibitor. The molecular docking analysis was performed against target protein to investigate the binding mode. Moreover, compounds 3j and 3k displayed superior DPPH radical scavenging activity than other analogues.
Preliminary antifungal activity assay of selected chlorine‐containing derivatives of xanthone and phenoxyethyl amines
Authors: Klesiewicz Karolina , Żelaszczyk Dorota , Trojanowska Danuta , Bogusz Bożena , Małek Marianna , Waszkielewicz Anna , Szkaradek Natalia , Karczewska Elżbieta , Marona Henryk , Budak Alicja 
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate antifungal activity in a diverse group of chlorine‐containing xanthone and phenoxyethyl amine derivatives – and to select the most promising compounds for further studies. The antifungal efficacy of 16 compounds was tested with qualitative and quantitative methods against both reference and clinical strains of dermatophytes, moulds and yeasts. The disc‐diffusion method has demonstrated that from 16 tested compounds, 7 possess good antifungal activity against dermatophytes and/or moulds while none of them has shown good efficacy against yeasts or bacterial strains. The most active compounds (2, 4, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16) were tested quantitatively by broth dilution method to obtain MIC values. The MIC values against dermatophytes ranged from 8 to 64 μg/ml. Compound 2 was the most active one against dermatophytes (MIC
50 and MIC
90 were 8 μg/ml). The MIC values for moulds ranged from 16 to 256 μg/ml. Compound 4 was the most active one against moulds, with MIC
50 and MIC
90 values amounting to 32 μg/ml. Among the tested compounds, compound 4 (derivative of xanthone) was the most active one and expressed good antifungal efficacy against clinical strains of dermatophytes and moulds. However, another xanthone derivative (compound 2) was the most active and selective against dermatophytes.
Statin medications and the risk of gynecomastia
Authors: Skeldon Sean C , Carleton Bruce , Brophy James M. , Sodhi Mohit , Etminan Mahyar 
Published: June 2018

SummaryObjectiveCase reports have suggested an increased risk of gynecomastia with HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitors (ie, statins). A recent meta‐analysis also found that statins decrease circulating testosterone levels in men. We investigated whether statin use was associated with an increased risk of gynecomastia.DesignCase‐control study.PatientsA cohort of patients from a random sample of 9 053 240 US subjects from the PharMetrics Plus™ health claims database from 2006 to 2016 was created.MeasurementsNew cases of gynecomastia requiring at least two ICD‐9 codes were identified from the cohort and matched to 10 controls by follow‐up time and age using density‐based sampling. Rate ratios (RRs) for users of statins were computed using conditional logistic regression adjusting for alcoholic cirrhosis, hyperthyroidism, testicular cancer, Klinefelter syndrome, obesity, hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia and use of spironolactone, ketoconazole, H2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers), risperidone, testosterone and androgen deprivation therapy.ResultsOur cohort included 6147 cases of gynecomastia and 61 470 corresponding matched controls. The adjusted RR for current, recent and past statin use with respect to gynecomastia was 1.19 (1.04‐1.36), 1.38 (1.15‐1.65) and 1.20 (1.03‐1.40), respectively.ConclusionsStatin use is associated with an increased risk of developing gynecomastia. Clinicians should be cognizant of this effect and educate patients accordingly.
Technical complications following implant‐supported restorative therapy performed in Sweden
Authors: Karlsson Karolina , Derks Jan , Håkansson Jan , Wennström Jan L. , Molin Thorén Margareta , Petzold Max , Berglundh Tord 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and consequences of technical complications in implant‐supported restorative therapy.Material & MethodsThe occurrence and consequences of technical complications in implant‐supported restorative therapy over a mean follow‐up period of 5.3 years were assessed based on documentation in files from 2,666 patients. Risk indicators were identified by the use of survival models, considering repeated events. Results were expressed as hazard ratios (HR) including 95% confidence intervals.ResultsTechnical complications occurred in 24.8% of the patients. Chipping and loss of retention were the most common, affecting 11.0% and 7.9% of supraconstructions, respectively, while implant‐related complications (e.g., implant fracture) were rare. More than 50% of the affected patients experienced technical complications more than once and almost all reported complications led to interventions by a dental professional. The extent of the supraconstruction was the strongest risk indicator for both chipping (HR < 0.2) and loss of retention (HR > 3).ConclusionOver a 5‐year period, technical complications in implant‐supported restorative therapy occurred frequently and their management required professional intervention.
A cholecystokinin B receptor antagonist and cocaine interaction, phase I study
Authors: Elkashef Ahmed , Brašić James Robert , Cantelina Louis R. , Kahn Roberta , Chiang Nora , Ye Weiguo , Zhou Yun , Mojsiak Jurij , Warren Kimberly R. , Crabb Andrew , Hilton John , Wong Dean F. , Vocci Frank 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAimsRPR102681, a cholecystokinin‐B antagonist, increased dopamine (DA) release and reduced cocaine self‐administration in animals. This pilot study sought to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of co‐administration ofRPR102681 and cocaine, and to confirm the DA release mechanism ofRPR102681.MethodsSixteen cocaine‐dependent participants were randomized to either placebo orRPR102681 at 3 ascending doses; cocaine was co‐administered at steady state ofRPR102681. [11C]raclopride positron emission tomography scans were conducted at baseline and at eachRPR102681 dose.ResultsRPR102681 was well tolerated, and safe to co‐administer with cocaine.RPR102681 did not alter the PK of either cocaine or its metabolite benzoylecgonine and showed no intrinsic abuse liability. There was a trend toward reduction of cocaine craving scores. In contrast to animal studies,RPR102681 significantly increased the binding potential of [11C]raclopride in the ventral striatum (ttest,P < .001) and caudate nucleus (ttest,P < .0001) in a small subset of patients, suggesting that it may reduce intrasynaptic striatal DA.ConclusionOverall, this pilot study suggests thatRPR102681 would be unlikely candidate, as an agonist medication for the treatment for cocaine addiction but worth investigating further for possible role in reducing craving.
System neuroscience: Past, present, and future
Authors: Rizzolatti Giacomo , Fabbri‐Destro Maddalena , Caruana Fausto , Avanzini Pietro 
Published: June 2018

SummaryIn this review, we discuss first the anatomical and lesion studies that allowed the localization of fundamental functions in the cerebral cortex of primates including humans. Subsequently, we argue that the years from the end of the Second World War until the end of the last century represented the “golden age” of system neuroscience. In this period, the mechanisms—not only the localization—underlying sensory, and in particular visual functions were described, followed by those underlying cognitive functions and housed in temporal, parietal, and premotor areas. At the end of the last century, brain imaging techniques were developed that allowed the assessment of the functions of different cortical areas in a more precise and sophisticated way. However, brain imaging tells little about the neural mechanisms underlying functions. Furthermore, the brain imaging suffers from 3 major problems: time is absent, the data are merely correlative and the testing is often not ecological. We conclude our review discussing the possibility that these pitfalls might be overcome by using intracortical recordings (eg stereo‐EEG), which have millisecond time resolution, allow direct electrical stimulation of specific sites, and finally enable to study patients while freely moving.