bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causes and Consequences of Third-Party Intervention in Disputes over History: Recognition of the Armenian Massacre as Genocide and Relations with Turkey
Authors: Mukoyama Naosuke 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the post-Cold War international society, third-party intervention has become increasingly common across various spheres. What were previously assumed to be domestic or bilateral issues have become of great interest to foreign governments and international organizations. Disputes over history, whose intensification in many parts of the world is also a recent political phenomenon, are no exception. Regarding past atrocities by one country upon another, the “victim” side seeks recognition and redress from third parties, while the “perpetrator” side tries to prevent such interference. This paper investigates the causes of such intervention and the consequences of it for bilateral relations between the intervenor and the “perpetrator” country, using the conflict between Armenia and Turkey over the recognition of the 1915–1916 Armenian Massacre as genocide as a case study. The results reveal that countries with a Christian majority and a large Armenian population typically conduct such intervention, and that although third-party intervention affects bilateral relations negatively, the effect is only temporary.
Red photo- and electroluminescent half-lantern cyclometalated dinuclear platinum(II) complex
Authors: Kinzhalov Mikhail A. , Katkova Svetlana A. , Doronina Elizaveta P. , Novikov Alexander S. , Eliseev Ivan I. , Ilichev Vasiliy A. , Kukinov Andrey A. , Starova Galina L. , Bokach Nadezhda A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNew cyclometalated dinuclear platinum(II) complex bearing bridged 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-thiolate (μ-C6H7N2S-κN,S) ligands, [{Pt(ppy)(μ-C6H7N2S-κN,S)}2] (3) (ppy=(2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N)) was prepared via the reaction of chloro-bridged dimer [{Pt(ppy)Cl}2] with 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (C6H8N2S) in the presence oft-BuOK. The complex holds dinuclear frameworks with short Pt(II)···Pt(II) distance (2.8877(3) Å), and exhibit red intense luminescence from the triplet metal-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer at 697 nm in CH2Cl2solution and at 649 nm in solid state at RT. Single crystal XRD analysis reveals the metallophilic interactions Pt···Pt with significant covalent contribution in the structure of3which were studied by quasi-relativistic and relativistic DFT calculations (viz., M06/MWB60(Pt) and 6-311+G* (other atoms); M06/DZP-DKH levels of theory) and topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the framework of Bader’s theory (QTAIM method). Estimated strength of the Pt···Pt contact is 8.1–12.2 kcal/mol and it is mostly determined by crystal packing effects and weak attractive interactions between the adjacent metal centers due to overlapping of their dz2and pzorbitals. An organic light-emitting diode based on this complex showed red electroluminescence with maximal luminance of 115 cd/m2and current efficiency of 2.45 cd/A at this luminance.
Syntheses and crystal structures of ruthenium complexes with bidentate salicylaldiminato and dithiophosphato ligands
Authors: Tang Li-Hua , Wu Fule , Lin Hui , Jia Ai-Quan , Zhang Qian-Feng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Treatment of the bidentate Schiff base 2-[(2,6-diisopropyl-phenylimino)-methyl]-phenol (HL1) with one equivalent of (Et4N)[RuCl4(MeCN)2] in the presence of triethylamine afforded (Et4N)[RuCl3(κ
2-N,O-L1)(MeCN)] (1), which reacted with two equivalents of K[S2P(O
i
Pr)2] to produce a neutral ruthenium(III) complex [Ru(κ
2-N,O-L1){η
2-S2P(O
i
Pr)2}2] (2) bearing both salicylaldiminato and dithiophosphato ligands. Reactions of the bidentate Schiff bases 2-[(3-chloro-phenylimino)-methyl]-phenol (HL2) and 2-[(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenylimino)-methyl]-phenol (HL3) with one equivalent of [Ru(CO)2Cl2] in the presence of triethylamine led to formation of the corresponding anionic ruthenium(II) carbonyl complexes (Et3NH)[RuCl2(κ
2-N,O-L2)(CO)2] (3) and (Et3NH)[RuCl2(κ
2-N,O-L3)(CO)2] (4). The molecular structures of complexes 2–4 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Strukturen zweier Salze des Bis(thioharnstoff)gold(I)-Kations
Authors: Strey Mark , Jones Peter G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAttempts to isolate the compound (tu2Au)SCN1(tu=thiourea), first reported in 1949, at first led to [(tu)2Au]2SO4·CH3OH2after crystallization from methanol-petroleum ether. Crystallization from isopropanol led to the required compound1. The crystal structure analysis of1confirmed its ionic nature, (tu2Au)+SCN−. The tu ligands are mutuallytrans(torsion angle C–S···S–C 175.4(2)°), and the entire cation is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation 0.08 Å). Eight classical hydrogen bonds connect the residues to form layers parallel to thebcplane atx≈⅛, ⅜, ⅝ and ⅞; the layers are connected by aurophilic contacts, which link the cations to form chains parallel to theaaxis. In the structure of compound2the S=C groups are synclinal to each other; two NH2groups are connected via a bifurcated hydrogen bonding system to a sulfate oxygen, forming a ring of graph setR21(10).${\rm{R}}_2^1(10).$In a complex three-dimensional packing, the cations are connected by various interactions to form layers parallel to theacplane aty≈½, whereas the sulfates are the centres of hydrogen-bonded double layers on both sides of the mirror plane aty≈¾. The structure contains a convincing example of a hydrogen bond to a gold centre.
Micellar Supported Ultrafiltration of Malachite Green: Experimental Verification of Theoretical Approach
Authors: Ullah Mohib , Shah Luqman Ali , Sayed Murtaza , Siddiq Muhammad , Amin Noor Ul 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study pertains to theoretical aspect of membrane and surfactant supported ultrafiltration technique followed by experimental evaluation of rejection percentage (R%) and permeate flux (J). The organic dye malachite green (MG) was removed from water samples with help of micellar solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant on account of effective surfactant-dye interaction. The MG removal from water was result of electrostatic force of attraction between Stern layer of SDS micelles and cationic MG in addition to hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction. The regenerated cellulose membrane was used to retain enhanced MG-SDS micellar complex from polluted water in stirred ultrafiltration cell. R% of MG increases from 79.3%, 77%, 76% to 97.5%, 95%, 90% for 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 mM concentrations, respectively. “J” decreases throughout the experiment on account of membrane plugging or concentration polarization. Hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of SDS surfactant was also determined at its post micellar concentrations by dynamic laser light scattering (DLLS) that shows high rejection percentage with increased Rh values.
Towards Low-Toxic Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Jang Youngjin , Shapiro Arthur , Horani Faris , Kauffmann Yaron , Lifshitz Efrat 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are of enormous interest in the scientific and engineering fields. During the past few decades, significant efforts have been conducted in investigating Cd- and Pb-based CQDs, resulting in excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties and impressive performance in various applications. But the high toxicity of Cd and Pb elements pushed the scientific community to explore low-toxic CQDs excluding poisonous heavy metals. Several semiconductor materials with lower toxicity than Cd and Pb species have been proposed. This article presents a short overview of recent efforts involving low-toxic CQDs, focusing especially on IV–VI and III–V semiconductors which are active in the near- and short-wave-infrared (IR) regimes. Recent achievements pertinent to Sn- and In-based CQDs are highlighted as representative examples. Finally, limitations and future challenges are discussed in the review.
Phylogeny of the GenusDrosophila
Authors: O’Grady Patrick M , DeSalle Rob 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding phylogenetic relationships among taxa is key to designing and implementing comparative analyses. The genus Drosophila, which contains over 1600 species, is one of the most important model systems in the biological sciences. For over a century, one species in this group, Drosophila melanogaster, has been key to studies of animal development and genetics, genome organization and evolution, and human disease. As whole-genome sequencing becomes more cost-effective, there is increasing interest in other members of this morphologically, ecologically, and behaviorally diverse genus. Phylogenetic relationships within Drosophila are complicated, and the goal of this paper is to provide a review of the recent taxonomic changes and phylogenetic relationships in this genus to aid in further comparative studies.
Urgensi Penyelenggaraan Bantuan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Miskin Oleh Pemerintah Daerah
Authors: Baital Bachtiar 
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Implementation of legal assistance by local governments that are formalized into a regional regulation is essential in order to ensure and realize equality before the law and access to justice for everyone, especially the poor as vulnerable groups with legal problems. For local governments, the provision of legal aid is a form of commitment and political will of local governments within the framework of regional autonomy aimed at providing protection to their citizens, one of which relates to access to justice as the principle of equal treatment in the face of law and government with no exception as set forth in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.Keywords: Legal Aid, Poor People, Local Government Abstrak: Penyelenggaraan bantuan hukum oleh pemerintah daerah yang diformilkan ke dalam suatu peraturan daerah sangat diperlukan dalam rangka untuk menjamin dan mewujudkan persamaan dihadapan hukum dan akses pada keadilan bagi setiap orang terutama masyarakat miskin sebagai kelompok masyarakat yang rentan bermasalah dengan hukum. Bagi pemerintah daerah, penyelenggaraan bantuan hukum merupakan bentuk komitmen dan political will pemerintah daerah dalam kerangka otonomi daerah yang ditujukan untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada warganya, salah satunya berkaitan dengan akses pada keadilan sebagai pengejewantahan prinsip perlakuan yang sama di hadapan hukum dan pemerintahan dengan tanpa kecuali sebagaimana dituangkan dalam Pasal 27 ayat (1) UUD NRI Tahun 1945.Kata Kunci: Bantuan Hukum, Masyarakat Miskin, Pemerintah Daerah
Pengguna Jasa Angkutan Umum Jenis Angkot Di Jakarta Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen
Authors: Alam Faris Satria 
Published: May 2018

Abstract:In reality, consumer as users and passenger’s public transportation (Angkot) have not received legal protection and maximum service that should be given regarding the application of minimum service standards. Besides, there are still problems related to public transportation service sector in the form of the decision of public transportation tariff that has not been matched by the availability of public transportation, the proper of public transportation and consumer safety from crime over public transportation. The result of this study explains that public transportation (Angkot) still has many weaknesses especially related to the implementation of minimum service standards.Keywords: Public Transportation, Angkot, Consumer Protection. Abstrak:Konsumen sebagai pengguna jasa maupun penumpang angkutan umum jenis angkot pada realitasnya belum mendapat perlindungan hukum dan pelayanan maksimal yang seharusnya diberikan berupa penerapan standar pelayanan minimal. Disamping masih adanya persoalan mengenai sektor pelayanan angkutan umum berupa: penetapan tarif angkutan umum yang belum atau tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan jumlah angkutan umum; kelaikan kendaraan angkutan umum; dan keamanan konsumen dari kejahatan di atas kendaraan angkutan umum. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa selama ini pelayanan angkutan umum jenis angkot ini masih memiliki banyak kekurangan terutama menyangkut penerapan standar pelayanan minimal.Kata Kunci: Angkutan Umum, Jenis Angkot, Perlindungan Konsumen.
Hak Asasi Manusia Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 1991
Authors: Maftuhi Ekrom 
Published: May 2018

Human Rights are natural rights that must be respected by everyone.Human rights are given from God. Nevertheless, fulfilling the human rights need statepolicy to commit and to implement human rights. Moreover, if the state declarerechstaat, the state must fullfill and respect the human rights as the requirement ofRechstaat. In Indonesia, the development and the history of fullfilling and respectingthe human rights happened in such important periode. Means, to respect and to fulfillthe human rights depend on the state policy even the human rights given from God. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v3i3.7860
Interkoneksi Mahkamah Konstitusi Dengan Mahkamah Agung; Studi Implementasi Putusan Tentang Nasab Anak
Authors: Mesraini Mesrain 
Published: May 2018

This article examines the interconnection between constitutional courtand Supreme Court, with a special reference to the situation when Supreme Courtdecreed after the constitutional court decree. For the purpose of study, I use thedecree on the child’s descent case proposed by Machica Mohtar to examine theinterconnection of these two courts. By understanding how effective are theconstitutional court decrees and their connection with the position of SupremeCourt, I find that the interconnection between these religious court–high religiouscourts and constitutional court well-managed enough. Constitutional court decreehas been used as the basis for the court decrees. Nevertheless, Supreme Courttends not to place constitutional court decree for a permanent legal force (inkracht).As a result, the connection between constitutional court and Supreme Court hasnot been seen in its proper level. In another aspect, the implementation of law inIndonesia has shown a shifting from civil law system to those mixed between civillaw and common law systems. In this regard, this shifting indicates that not onlydoes a judge decree based on a procedural-justice, but he/she also takes asubstantive-justice into consideration. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v4i1.7866
Korelasi Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Islam
Authors: Alfaruqi Daniel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract.The controversy between Islamic law and universal human rights continues to roll. Apart from universal claims to human rights principles, when he saw that the concept came from the West, some Muslims were suspicious and considered it an attempt to secularize Islamic law. As a result, conservative Muslims continue to reject the application of Western standards, even in the name of universal human rights, to legal problems in Muslim societies. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the Islamic response to human rights is a reflection of global, lasting and fundamental demands. By not intending to have anology, in fact Islam has first taught humanity about concepts that are egalitarian, universal and democratic. This concept that is so beautiful and comprehensive is allegedly adopted by the West through the emergence of universal ideas standardized in the convention of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Islamic teachings cover all aspects of human life, and of course they have included rules and high respect for human rights. But it is not in a structured document, but is spread in the holy verses of the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad. The birth of the UDHR and the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) endorsed by the OIC was an attempt to clarify the actions of Muslim countries on arrogant, authoritarian and arbitrary Western claims.Keywords: Islamic law, human rights Abstrak.Kontroversi antara hukum Islam dan hak-hak asasi manusia universal terus bergulir. Meskipun telah melekat klaim universal pada prinsip-prinsip HAM, ketika melihat bahwa konsep tersebut berasal dari Barat, sebagian umat Islam curiga dan menganggapnya sebagai usaha untuk mensekulerkan hukum Islam. Karena itu, kalangan Muslim konservatif tetap menolak penerapan standar-standar Barat, meskipun atas nama HAM universal, terhadap persoalan-persoalan hukum pada masyarakat Muslim. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa respon Islam terhadap hak asasi manusia adalah cerminan dari tuntutan global, abadi, dan fundamental. Dengan tidak bermaksud untuk berapologi, sesunguhnya Islam telah terlebih dahulu mengajarkan umat manusia tentang konsep yang egaliter, universal, dan demokratis. Konsep yang sedemikian indah dan komprehensif ini disinyalir diadopsi oleh Barat melalui pemunculan ide-ide universal yang dibakukan dalam konvensi Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Ajaran Islam meliputi seluruh aspek dari sisi kehidupan manusia,dan tentu saja telah tercakup di dalamnya aturan dan penghargaan yang tinggi terhadap hak asasi manusia (HAM). Namun memang tidak dalam satu dokumen yang terstruktur, tetapi tersebar dalam ayat-ayat suci al-Quran dan Sunnah Nabi Muhammad SAW. Kelahiran UDHR dan Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI) yang diratifikasi oleh OKI merupakan upaya penjernihan yang dilakukan oleh negara-negara Muslim atas klaim Barat yang arogan, otoriter dan semena-mena.Kata kunci: Hukum Islam, Hak Asasi Manusia
Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Perspektif Hukum Positif Indonesia
Authors: Aji Ahmad Mukri 
Published: May 2018

Kererasan dalam rumah tangga merupakan bentuk perlanggaran hakasasi manusia yang harus segera ditanggulangi. Begitu banyak bentukkekerasan dalam rumah tangga, seperti kekerasan fisik (pemukulan,penganiayaan, penjambakan dll), kekerasan seksual (pemerkosaan,ekploitasi seksual, perbudakan seksual, kehamilan paksa, perdaganganperempuan dan anak, pelecehan seksual, aborsi dll), kekerasan psikologis(ancaman, intimidasi, penyisihan, dll), dan kekerasan ekonomi (laranganbekerja, ekploitasi tenaga duanya, dll). Sedangkan korban kekerasan lainyaatau siapapun yang tinggal dalam rumah tangga. Namun saat ini yang palingbanyak menjadi korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah perempuandan anak. Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga merupakan fenomena gurung esyang tersembunyi rapat di balik dinding-dinding rumah dan sangat sulitmengungkapkan. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v4i1.7870
’Urf Sebagai Sumber Hukum
Authors: Nusirwan Nusirwan 
Published: May 2018

Dalam perjalanan sejarah Islam, para ulama mengembangkan berbagai teori, metode, danprinsip hukum yang sebelumnya tidak dirumuskan secara sistematis, baik dalam Al-qur’anmaupun as-Sunnah. Upaya para ulama tersebut berkaitan erat dengan tuntutan realita sosialyang semakin hari semakin kompleks. Berbagai persoalan baru bermunculan yang sebelumnyatidak dibahas secara spesifik dalam Alquran dan Hadits Nabi. Di antara metode penetapanhukum yang dikembangkan para ulama adalah al-urf, yakni adat kebiasan suatu masyarakatyang dipandang baik dan diterima oleh akal sehat. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v4i1.7873
“Mekanisme Pengelolaan Dana Pada PT Syarikat Takaful Indonesia Ditinjau Dari Segi Hukum Islam
Authors: Sibarani Sabungan 
Published: May 2018

There are still many doubts about the existence of insurance in Indonesia, bothconventional insurance and Islamic insurance. There are four opinions aboutinsurance: 1). Insurance is considered haram in Islamic law, 2). Insurance isacceptable in Islamic Shariah, 3). Social insurance only allowed with Islamicshariah, 4). All types of insurance are considered syubhat. Fund managementmechanisms on conventional insurance contains elements of gharar, maisir, andusury, in contrast to Islamic insurance, especially at PT. Syarikat TakafulIndonesia. Fund management mechanism at PT. Syarikat Takaful Indonesia isdivided into 2 parts: premium with savings element and no savings element. Inpremiums with savings elements are divided into 2 accounts namely savingsaccount and special account (Tabarru &#39;), whereas in premiums without element ofsavings only entered into special accounts only. Fund management mechanism atPT. Syarikat Takaful Indonesia uses two concepts namely the concept of al-Takaful (protection) and al-Mudharobah (profit sharing). With the two conceptsare takaful insurance avoided from elements of gharar, maisir, and usury. Ingeneral, Takaful provides two types of protection: family takaful and generaltakaful. In the event of a dispute in takaful insurance is settled through theIndonesian Arbitration Board of Muamalat (BAMUI). DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v4i2.7874
Perlakuan Terhadap Tindakan Kriminal dan SIstem Pengadilan Anak
Authors: Madnur Madnur 
Published: May 2018

Dalam deklarasi hak anak-anak yang telah tercantum di dalamdeklarasi Jenewa tentang Hak Anak-Anak tahun 1924 dan telah diakuidalam deklarasi sedunia tentang Hak Asasi Manusia serta Undang-Undangyang dibuat oleh badan khusus dan organisasi internasional yang memberiperhatian kesejahteraan anak-anak. Mengingat bahwa umat manusiaberkewajiban memberikan yang terbaik bagi anak-anak. Dalam deklarasihak Anak-anak bahwa asas anak-anak mempunyai hak untuk memperolehperlindungan khusus dan harus memperoleh kesempatan dan fasilitas yangdijamin oleh hukum dan sarana lain sehingga secara jasmani, mental,akhlak, rohani, dan sosial mereka dapat berkembang dengan sehat danwajar dalam keadaan bebas dan bermartabat. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v4i2.7875
Penyelesaian Perkara Anak Secara Restorasi Dalam Penerapan Sistem Peradilan Anak
Authors: Wahyudi Ilham 
Published: May 2018

Anak sebagai anugrah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, dengan semua kekhususansifatnya ialah generasi harapanyang kepadanya dibebankan rnasa depan bangsa dannegara. Oleh karenanya jaminan tumbuh kembangnyamenjadi tanggung jawab semuakomponen bangsa termasuk masyarakatdan pemerintah.Jaminan itu harusnampakdalam peraturan-peraturan hukum yangmemperhatikan sifat khusus dari anak-anaksehingga dapatmemberi jaminan bagi kesejahteraan anak.Memberikan jaminantumbuh kembangnya secara wajar melaluiperaturan hukum yang mengacu padakesejahteraan anak termasuk anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum.Tulisan denganjudul penyelesaian perkara anak secara restorasi dalam penerapan systemperadilananakadalah suatu hasil analisa tentang praktek SPP anak dan penerapan konseprestorative justice sebagai konsepbaru dalam menyelesaikan perkara anak.Denganmetode penelitian normatif empiris yang bersifat kualitatifpenelitian ini memperolehhasil diantaranya; jaminan hukum terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hokumyangdiatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 3 tahun 1997 tentang Pengadilan Anak. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v4i2.7878