bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paraplesia after surfing in a young female novice surfer: a case report on surfer's myelopathy
Authors: Nakano Hidehiko , Yamamoto Daisuke , Yamagami Hiroshi , Sekine Ichiro , Ofuchi Hisashi 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundSurfer's myelopathy is a non‐traumatic spinal cord injury that was first described in a publication in 2004. However, most emergency physicians are not familiar with this rare disease.Case PresentationThe patient was a 19‐year‐old female novice surfer. She had experienced back discomfort without trauma during her surfing lessons. The discomfort turned to dysesthesia of both legs. She could not walk after 1 h and was brought to our hospital. Physical examination revealed weakness and dysesthesia of both legs, absent deep tendon reflexes, bilaterally positive Babinski reflex, and bladder and rectal disturbance. Spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed T2 prolongation from T7 to the medullary cone. She was diagnosed with surfer's myelopathy and treated conservatively. She recovered well and was discharged on day 28.ConclusionEmergency physicians must be better informed about surfer's myelopathy. Novice surfers and instructors should be educated on the early signs and symptoms of this condition.
Ni3N as an Active Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction Catalyst in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Ni Weiyan , Krammer Anna , Hsu Chia‐Shuo , Chen Hao Ming , Schüler Andreas , Hu Xile 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydroxide‐exchange membrane fuel cells can potentially utilize platinum‐group‐metal (PGM)‐free electrocatalysts, offering cost and scalability advantages over more developed proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells. However, there is a lack of non‐precious electrocatalysts that are active and stable for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) relevant to hydroxide‐exchange membrane fuel cells. Here we report the discovery and development of Ni3N as an active and robust HOR catalyst in alkaline medium. A supported version of the catalyst, Ni3N/C, exhibits by far the highest mass activity and break‐down potential for a PGM‐free catalyst. The catalyst also exhibits Pt‐like activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline medium. Spectroscopy data reveal a downshift of the Ni d band going from Ni to Ni3N and interfacial charge transfer from Ni3N to the carbon support. These properties weaken the binding energy of hydrogen and oxygen species, resulting in remarkable HOR activity and stability.
CeVO4 Nanozymes Catalyze the Reduction of Dioxygen to Water without Releasing Partially Reduced Oxygen Species
Authors: Singh Namrata , Mugesh Govindasamy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this study, we report a remarkably active CeVO4 nanozyme that functionally mimics cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), the terminal enzyme in the respiratory electron transport chain, by catalyzing a four‐electron reduction of dioxygen to water. The nanozyme catalyzes the reaction by using cytochrome c (Cyt c), the biological electron donor for CcO, at physiologically relevant pH. The CcO activity of the CeVO4 nanozymes depends on the relative ratio of surface Ce3+/Ce4+ ions, the presence of V5+ and the surface‐Cyt c interactions. The complete reduction of oxygen to water takes place without release of any partially reduced oxygen species (PROS) such as superoxide, peroxide and hydroxyl radicals.
Oxidizable Ketones: Persistent Radical Cations from the Single‐Electron Oxidation of 2,3‐Diaminocyclopropenones.
Authors: Strater Zack M. , Rauch Michael , Jockusch Steffen , Lambert Tristan H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSingle electron oxidation of 2,3‐diaminocyclopropenones is shown to give rise to stable diaminocyclopropenium oxyl (DACO) radical cations. Cyclic voltammetry reveals reversible oxidations in the range of +0.70–1.10 V (vs. SCE). Computational, EPR, and X‐ray analysis support the view that the oxidized species is best described as a cyclopropenium ion with spin density located on the heteroatom substituents, including 23.5 % on oxygen. The metal–ligand behavior of the DACO radical is also described.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Cross‐Coupling of Benzothiophenes and Styrenes in a Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted (E,Z)‐1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Šiaučiulis Mindaugas , Ahlsten Nanna , Pulis Alexander P. , Procter David J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA transition metal‐free one‐pot stereoselective approach to substituted (E,Z)‐1,3‐dienes was developed by using an interrupted Pummerer reaction/ligand‐coupling strategy. Readily available benzothiophene S‐oxides, which can be conveniently prepared by oxidation of the parent benzothiophenes, undergo Pummerer coupling with styrenes. Reaction of the resultant sulfonium salts with alkyllithium/magnesium reagents generates underexploited hypervalent sulfurane intermediates that undergo selective ligand coupling, resulting in dismantling of the benzothiophene motif and the formation of decorated (E,Z)‐1,3‐dienes.
Peripheral Nerve Anatomy Revisited: Modern Requirements for Neuroimaging and Microsurgery
Authors: Konschake Marko , Burger Florian , Zwierzina Marit 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTDetailed anatomic investigation of peripheral nerve topography underlies the correct application of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and ultrasonography, both well‐established methods to prevent nerve palsy during surgical operations and to elucidate pathomechanisms in disease. In this study, we analyzed the anatomy of selected peripheral nerves in the head and neck regions to improve the outcome of endocrine and migraine surgeries. Anatomic dissections of 204 hemilarynges were performed to study the topography of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN). Measurements were taken from the lower rim of the cricoid and from the Zuckerkandl tubercle to the beginning of the furcation of the ILN. For the analysis of peripheral nerves contributing to migraine pathogenesis, 22 hemifaces were investigated by dissection and ultrasonography. The supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves and their relationship to the corrugator supercilii muscle are described. For identification of the ILN, the cricoid offers a suitable intraoperative landmark. A single branch existed in 5% of specimens on the left side and in 3% on the right side. Bifurcation was present in 72.5% and 62% and trifurcation in 18% and 29% of cases, respectively. IONM signals from the vagus nerve were positive if derived proximal to and negative if derived distal to the branching off of a nonrecurrent ILN (nrILN). By ultrasonographic identification of a brachiocephalic trunk, an nrILN could be excluded. For migraine surgery, possible compression points of the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves were identified, and a workflow algorithm for ultrasound visualization of these nerves is provided. Anat Rec, 302:1325–1332, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Techno‐economic comparative assessment of novel lignin depolymerization routes to bio‐based aromatics
Authors: Vural Gursel Iris , Dijkstra Jan W. , Huijgen Wouter J.J. , Ramirez Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a techno‐economic assessment of three novel routes for the production of bio‐based aromatics from lignin. It aims to provide insights into their feasibility and hotspots at an early stage of development to guide further research and development and to facilitate commercialization. The lignin conversion routes are: (non‐catalytic) lignin pyrolysis, direct hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), and hydrothermal upgrading (HyThUp). The products generated are mixed oxygenated aromatic monomers (MOAMON), light organics, heavy organics, and char. For the technical assessment, conceptual design followed by process modeling in Aspen Plus was based on experimental yields. The models generated indispensable data on material and energy flows. An economic assessment was then conducted by estimating operating and capital costs. Return on investment (ROI), payback period (PBP), and net present value (NPV) were used as key performance indicators. Downstream processing was especially demanding in the HyThUp process due to the presence of a significant flow rate of water in the system, which significantly increased external utility requirements. Due to complex separations, the HyThUp process showed the highest capital cost (35% more than pyrolysis). Operating costs were the highest for the direct HDO process (34% more than pyrolysis) due to the use of hydrogen. Overall, the direct HDO process showed the highest ROI (12%) and the shortest PBP (5 years) due to high yields of valuable heavy organics (32%) and MOAMON (24%). Direct HDO was found to be feasible with a positive NPV based on prices used in the assessment. Among the three processes investigated, the direct HDO process therefore appeared to be the most promising, and consideration should be given to further development and commercialization of this process. © 2019 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts, and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel, linked bioreactor system for continuous production of biologics
Authors: Gagnon Matthew , Nagre Shashikant , Wang Wenge , Coffman Jon , Hiller Gregory W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA novel, alternative intensified cell culture process comprised of a linked bioreactor system is presented. An N‐1 perfusion bioreactor maintained cells in a highly proliferative state and provided a continuous inoculum source to a second bioreactor operating as a continuous‐flow stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR). An initial study evaluated multiple system steady‐states by varying N‐1 steady‐state viable cell densities, N‐1 to CSTR working volume ratios, and CSTR dilution rates. After identifying near optimum system steady‐state parameters yielding a relatively high volumetric productivity while efficiently consuming media, a subsequent lab‐scale experiment demonstrated the startup and long‐term operation of the envisioned manufacturing process for 83 days. Additionally, to compensate for the cell‐specific productivity loss over time due to cell line instability, the N‐1 culture was also replaced with younger generation cells, without disturbing the steady‐state of the system. Using the model cell line, the system demonstrated a two‐fold volumetric productivity increase over the commercial‐ready, optimized fed‐batch process.
Travel burden associated with rare cancers: The example of Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Jain Rahul , Menzin Joseph , Lachance Kristina , McBee Patrick , Phatak Hemant , Nghiem Paul T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on the travel burden for cancer patients with rare tumor types, such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to understand the travel burden of MCC patients.MethodsThis study used data from an MCC registry at the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance (SCCA). All MCC patients enrolled at SCCA with a valid 3‐digit ZIP code were included. Patients were followed up from January 1, 2012 until their last follow‐up, death, or end of data (January 1, 2017). Travel burden was measured by one‐way travel distance to SCCA from each patient's 3‐digit ZIP code. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and follow‐up visit were evaluated and stratified by one‐way driving distance of ≤300 and >300 miles.ResultsA total of 391 MCC patients were included (68% men, mean age = 67 years [±SD = ±11 years], 67% residing in the West, and 70% white). At diagnosis, 53% of the patients had Stage III or IV MCC. Mean one‐way distance traveled by patients was 1,137 (median: 813) miles, and 57% of patients traveled >300 miles. Compared to patients who traveled ≤300 miles, those who traveled >300 miles were more likely to be <70 years old (46% vs 65%; P < 0.001), were diagnosed with advanced stage (III or IV) MCC (46% vs 59%; P = 0.01), had shorter follow‐up in the cancer registry (mean: 509 vs 212 days; P < 0.001), and had fewer visits during follow‐up (mean: 5.2 vs 2.5; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this single cancer center study, the majority of MCC patients trav‐eled long distances to receive expert care. Longer travel distances appeared to be associated with younger age, a more advanced stage of cancer at study entry and fewer in‐clinic visits, suggesting that travel burden may impact timely and adequate patient care for this rare cancer.
Prospective validation of the prognostic 31‐gene expression profiling test in primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Keller Jennifer , Schwartz Theresa L. , Lizalek Jason M. , Chang Ea‐sle , Patel Ashaki D. , Hurley Maria Y. , Hsueh Eddy C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundGene expression profiling (GEP) has been integrated into cancer treatment decision‐making in multiple neoplasms. We prospectively evaluated the prognostic utility of the 31‐GEP test (DecisionDx‐Melanoma, Castle Biosciences, Inc) in cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients undergoing sentinel node biopsy (SNB).MethodsOne hundred fifty‐nine patients (age 26‐88) diagnosed with melanoma between 01/2013 and 8/2015 underwent SNB and concurrent GEP testing. GEP results were reported as low‐risk Class 1 (subclasses 1A and 1B) or high‐risk Class 2 (subclasses 2A and 2B). Statistical analyses were performed with chi‐square analysis, t tests, log‐rank tests, and Cox proportional hazard models. Recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS) were estimated using Kaplan‐Meier method.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 44.9 months for event‐free cases. Median Breslow thickness was 1.4 mm (0.2‐15.0 mm). There were 117 Class 1 and 42 Class 2 patients. Gender, age, Breslow thickness, ulceration, SNB positivity, and AJCC stage were significantly associated with GEP classification (P < 0.05 for all). Recurrence and distant metastasis rates were 5% and 1% for Class 1 patients compared with 55% and 36% for Class 2 patients. Sensitivities of Class 2 and SNB for recurrence were 79% and 34%, respectively. Of 10 SNB‐positive/Class 2 patients, 9 recurred. By multivariate analysis, only SNB result and GEP class were statistically associated with both RFS (P = 0.008 and 0.0001) and DMFS (P = 0.019 and 0.001).ConclusionsGene expression profiling Class 2 result and SNB positivity were independently associated with recurrence and distant metastasis in primary CM patients. GEP testing may have additive prognostic utility in initial staging work‐up of these patients.
Occupational class differences in pancreatic cancer survival: A population‐based cancer registry‐based study in Japan
Authors: Zaitsu Masayoshi , Kim Yongjoo , Lee Hye‐Eun , Takeuchi Takumi , Kobayashi Yasuki , Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about occupational class differences in pancreatic cancer survival.MethodsUsing a population‐based cancer registry in Japan, 3 578 patients with incident pancreatic cancer (1970‐2011) were followed up for 5 years (median follow‐up time 0.42 years). We classified patients into four occupational classes based on their longest‐held jobs: white‐collar (professional and managers), service, blue‐collar, and those not actively employed. Using white‐collar class as the reference group, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall death were estimated by Cox proportional hazard model. Covariates included age, sex, and year of diagnosis. Prognostic variables (pathology, stage, and treatment) and smoking behaviors were additionally adjusted as possible mediating factors.ResultsOverall survival was poor in this population (median, 0.50 and 0.33 years in white‐collar and service classes, respectively). Compared with white‐collar patients, survival was significantly poorer across all occupational classes, most pronounced in the service worker group: mortality HRs ranged from 1.11 (95% CI 1.00‐1.24) in blue‐collar workers to 1.24 (95% CI 1.12‐1.37) in service workers. Even after controlling for potential mediating factors, service workers showed worse survival.ConclusionWe documented occupational class disparities in pancreatic cancer survival in Japan. Even in the setting of lethal prognostic cancer with universal health coverage, high‐occupational class groups may enjoy a health advantage.
Participation of Children, Birth Parents and Foster Carers in the Matching Decision. Paternalism or Partnership?
Authors: Zeijlmans Kirti , López López Mónica , Grietens Hans , Knorth Erik J. 
Published: April 2019

Participation of children, birth parents and foster carers in matching decision‐making has the potential to improve the outcomes of a foster care placement. When practitioners choose which foster family is the best fit for a foster child, those affected by the foster care placement should be involved in decision‐making when possible. This research paper examines the influence of children, birth parents and foster carers on the matching decision from a practitioner's perspective. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 22 practitioners from 17 of the 28 foster care organisations in the Netherlands responsible for matching children with foster families. The analysis identified three themes that diminished the influence of children, birth parents and foster carers on the matching decision: assumptions, timing and feasibility. The findings emphasise that the influence of stakeholders on the matching decision is highly contextual. In the matching process, practitioners can be seen as key figures in facilitating the influence of stakeholders, yet they are also confronted with the difficulty of dealing with more than one stakeholder, who can have opposing interests, in an often compromised setting with limited choices.‘Examines the influence of children, birth parents and foster carers on the matching decision from a practitioner's perspective’Key Practitioner Messages

Despite policy to stimulate the involvement of children, birth parents and foster carers in decisions, their influence on the matching decision is sometimes futile.
Assumptions made by practitioners, timing in the matching process and a compromised setting diminish the stakeholders' influence on the matching decision.
Practitioners are key figures in improving participatory practice to make sure that stakeholders feel understood, valued and taken seriously.
An under‐recognized high‐risk atrial fibrillation population: Analyzing transcatheter mitral valve repair patients for left atrial appendage closure device application
Authors: Lane Colleen E. , Eleid Mackram F. , Holmes David R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveIdentify patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) who could potentially benefit from alternative ischemic stroke prophylaxis utilizing a left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) device.BackgroundPatients undergoing TMVR have a high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). The co‐morbidities which qualify them to undergo TMVR also increase their risk of stroke and bleeding, making stroke prophylaxis problematic.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective study, in which the bleeding and stroke risk of all patients undergoing TMVR for degenerative mitral valve disease were reviewed to determine candidacy for a LAAC device for stroke prevention as an alternative to chronic anticoagulation.ResultsAF was present in 122 (62%) of TMVR patients with an average CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 3.99. 23% of TMVR patients had a history of prior major bleeding event, predominately gastrointestinal bleed. Fifty‐three and 47% of TMVR patients were at high or intermediate risk of bleeding, respectively, according to their HAS‐BLED score. 50% of patients undergoing TMVR would qualify for LAAC device based on risk assessments.ConclusionPatients undergoing TMVR represent a high risk group of AF patients that may benefit from a LAAC device.
Bran characteristics influence the quality of whole‐wheat pancakes and baking powder biscuits
Authors: Ma Fengyun , Lee Yu Young , Palmquist Debra E. , Baik Byung‐Kee 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesBran characteristics differ widely among wheat varieties and influence the quality of whole‐wheat products. The objective of this study was to identify bran characteristics that influence the quality of whole‐wheat pancakes and baking powder biscuits made from whole‐wheat meals (WWMs), which were blends of the brans of 17 soft red winter wheat varieties and two wheat flours.FindingsPancake diameters of 34 WWMs ranged from 106.6 to 116.0 mm. Biscuit height and shape factor (SF) of 34 WWMs ranged from 28.8 to 34.2 mm and 1.10–1.24, respectively. Bran protein content showed positive relationships with pancake diameter and biscuit height for both wheat flours blended with brans. Water‐retention capacity, free phenolics, and water‐extractable arabinoxylan contents of bran exhibited significant relationships with pancake diameter and biscuit SF in WWMs for only one wheat flour.ConclusionsWhole‐wheat meals containing brans of high protein content produced pancakes of comparable diameter to those made with wheat flour. WWMs containing bran of high protein and soluble dietary fiber (DF) contents, and low arabinoxylan and insoluble DF contents produced biscuits with intermediate‐to‐high height and low‐to‐intermediate SF.Significance and noveltyThe results identify bran characteristics desirable for making whole‐wheat pancakes and biscuits.
Systemic schistosomiasis and large bowel perforation: An unexpected surgical urgency. Report of a case and literature review
Authors: Agrusa Antonino , Di Buono Giuseppe , Buscemi Salvatore , Canfora Ilaria , Randisi Brenda , Bonventre Giulia , Gulotta Leonardo , Maienza Elisa , Sorce Vincenzo , Romano Giorgio , Gulotta Gaspare 
Published: April 2019

Key Clinical MessageIn the presence of suggestive clinical picture (high eosinophil count and multiple CT scan granuloma‐like lesions), schistosomiasis should be taken into account in case of suspected bowel perforation even if common risk factors are not identified through anamnesis.
Hydrogen Bonding as a Supramolecular Tool for Robust OFET Devices
Authors: Mula Soumyaditya , Han Tianyan , Heiser Thomas , Lévêque Patrick , Leclerc Nicolas , Srivastava Amit Prakash , Ruiz‐Carretero Amparo , Ulrich Gilles 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we demonstrated the effect of hydrogen bonding in the semiconducting behaviour of a small molecule used in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). For this study, the highly soluble dumbbell‐shaped molecule, Boc‐TATDPP based on a Boc‐protected thiophene‐diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and triazatruxene (TAT) moieties was used. The two Boc groups of the molecule were removed by annealing at 200 °C, which created a strong hydrogen‐bonded network of NH‐TATDPP supported by additional π–π stacking. These were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, XRD and high‐resolution (HR)‐TEM measurements. FETs were fabricated with the semiconducting channel made of Boc‐TATDPP and NH‐TATDPP separately. It is worth mentioning that the Boc‐TATDPP film can be cast from solution and then annealed to get the other systems with NH‐TATDPP. More importantly, NH‐TATDPP showed significantly higher hole mobilities compared to Boc‐TATDPP. Interestingly, the high hole mobility in the case of NH‐TATDPP was unaffected upon blending with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). Thus, this robust hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular network is likely to be useful in designing efficient and stable organic optoelectronic devices.