bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of immune suppression for transplantation on inflammatory colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Angriman Imerio , Furian Lucrezia , Scarpa Melania , Fassan Matteo , Morgan Susan , Porzionato Andrea , Kotsafti Andromachi , Saadeh Luca , Silvestre Cristina , De Caro Raffaele , Carraro Amedeo , Tedeschi Umberto , Bardini Romeo , Rigotti Paolo , Rugge Massimo , Castoro Carlo , Castagliuolo Ignazio , Scarpa Marco 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background
Ulcerative colitis patients and transplant recipients are at risk for colorectal cancer. Here, we show that immunosuppressive regimens for kidney transplants are associated with the progression of ulcerative colitis-related carcinogenesis.

Methods
We describe the case of a patient diagnosed with colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis while on immunosuppressive therapy for a kidney transplant. The immunological microenvironment of the cancer and its mutational status were analyzed, and a mouse colon cancer model was created to replicate the unique clinical conditions. AOM/DSS mice were randomized into seven experimental groups that received different immunosuppressants and an untreated control group to assess the frequencies of adenocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry were also performed on the harvested mouse colons.

Results
All mice treated with an immunosuppressive regimen developed at least an adenoma, and several of those receiving anti-CD3, anti-CD8, and mycophenolate mofetil also developed adenocarcinomas. In contrast, mice receiving rapamycin did not develop adenocarcinomas, and the extent of high-grade dysplasia in those mice was similar to that in control mice.

Conclusions
Patients with pre-neoplastic conditions, such as ulcerative colitis, who are undergoing a solid organ transplant might benefit from the use of mTOR inhibitors given their intrinsic anti-tumor properties.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α and -β promote cancer stem cell phenotypes in sarcomas
Authors: Chang Kevin K. , Yoon Changhwan , Yi Brendan C. , Tap William D. , Simon M. Celeste , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSarcomas are malignant tumors derived from mesenchymal tissues and may harbor a subset of cells with cancer stem-like cell (CSC) properties. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors α and β (PDGFR-α/β) play an important role in the maintenance of mesenchymal stem cells. Here we examine the role of PDGFR-α/β in sarcoma CSCs. PDGFR-α/β activity and the effects of PDGFR-α/β inhibition were examined in 3 human sarcoma cell lines using in vitro assays and mouse xenograft models. In all three cell lines, PDGFR-α/β activity was significantly higher in cells grown as spheroids (to enrich for CSCs) and in cells sorted for CD133 expression (a marker of sarcoma CSCs). Self-renewal transcription factors Nanog, Oct4, and Slug and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins Snail, Slug, and Zeb1 were also significantly higher in spheroids cells and CD133(+) cells. Spheroid cells and CD133(+) cells demonstrated 2.9- to 4.2-fold greater migration and invasion and resistance to doxorubicin chemotherapy. Inhibition of PDGFR-α/β in CSCs using shRNA or pharmacologic inhibitors reduced expression of certain self-renewal and EMT proteins, reduced spheroid formation by 74–82%, reduced migration and invasion by 73–80%, and reversed chemotherapy resistance. In mouse xenograft models, combining PDGFR-α/β inhibition (using shRNA or imatinib) with doxorubicin had a more-than-additive effect in blocking tumor growth, with enhanced apoptosis, especially in CD133(+) cells. These results indicate that PDGFR-α/β activity is upregulated in sarcoma CSCs and promote CSC phenotypes including migration, invasion, and chemotherapy resistance. Thus, the PDGFR-α/β pathway represents a new potential therapeutic target to reduce metastatic potential and increase chemosensitivity.
NMR-based Metabolomic Techniques Identify the Toxicity of Emodin in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Chen Chang , Gao Jian , Wang Tie-Shan , Guo Cong , Yan Yu-Jing , Mao Chao-Yi , Gu Li-Wei , Yang Yang , Li Zhong-Feng , Liu An 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEmodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative that is present in various herbal preparations. The pharmacological effects of emodin include anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and even antimicrobial activities. However, emodin also has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity. The mechanism of emodin’s adverse effects is complicated and currently not well understood. This study aimed to establish a cell metabonomic method to investigate the toxicity of emodin and explore its potential mechanism and relevant targets. In the present study, metabonomic profiles of cell extracts and cell culture media obtained using the 1H NMR technique were used to assess emodin toxicity in HepG2 cells. Multivariate statistical analyses such as partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to characterize the metabolites that differed between the control and emodin groups. The results indicated that emodin resulted in differences in 33 metabolites, including acetate, arginine, aspartate, creatine, isoleucine, leucine and histidine in the cell extract samples and 23 metabolites, including alanine, formate, glutamate, succinate and isoleucine, in the cell culture media samples. Approximately 8 pathways associated with these metabolites were disrupted in the emodin groups. These results demonstrated the potential for using cell metabonomics approaches to clarify the toxicological effects of emodin, the underlying mechanisms and potential biomarkers. Our findings may help with the development of novel strategies to discover targets for drug toxicity, elucidate the changes in regulatory signal networks and explore its potential mechanism of action.
Repellency, toxicity, and anti-oviposition of essential oil of Gardenia jasminoides and its four major chemical components against whiteflies and mites
Authors: Wagan Tufail Ahmed , Cai Wanlun , Hua Hongxia 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe examined the repellent, insecticidal, and anti-oviposition activities of the ethanol-extracted essential oil of Gardenia jasminoides against Bemisia tabaci and Tetranychus urticae adult and nymph stages under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. We used GC-MS to identify the main chemicals in the essential oil and selected four compounds, squalene, ethyl linoleate, n-hexadecanoic acid and 9–12-octadecadienoic, to evaluate their activity on whiteflies and mites. In the laboratory experiments, the essential oil of G. jasminoides showed maximum effects in fumigation against whitefly adults (81.48%) and contact toxicity against whitefly nymphs (46.44%), adult mites (49.81%), and mite nymphs (66.46%). In the greenhouse experiments, squalene showed maximum repellency against whitefly adults at 24 (89.59%) and 48 h (84.76%), whitefly nymphal toxicity at 24 (80.08%) and 48 h (77.28%), and mite toxicity at 24 (78.74%) and 48 h (73.86%). The essential oil showed maximum anti-oviposition activity against whiteflies at 24 (63.58%) and 48 h (59.56%) and toxicity to mite nymphs at 24 (82.45%) and 48 h (57.14%) in the bioassay. The essential oil had LC50 values of 2396.457, 2844.958, 56,990.975 and 21,468.619 against whitefly adults, whitefly nymphs, mite adults and mite nymphs, respectively. G. jasminoides and its major chemicals may effectively control the whiteflies and mites.
Different audio spatial metric representation around the body
Authors: Aggius-Vella Elena , Campus Claudio , Gori Monica 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVision seems to have a pivotal role in developing spatial cognition. A recent approach, based on sensory calibration, has highlighted the role of vision in calibrating hearing in spatial tasks. It was shown that blind individuals have specific impairments during audio spatial bisection tasks. Vision is available only in the frontal space, leading to a “natural” blindness in the back. If vision is important for audio space calibration, then the auditory frontal space should be better represented than the back auditory space. In this study, we investigated this point by comparing frontal and back audio spatial metric representations. We measured precision in the spatial bisection task, for which vision seems to be fundamental to calibrate audition, in twenty-three sighted subjects. Two control tasks, a minimum audible angle and a temporal bisection were employed in order to evaluate auditory precision in the different regions considered. While no differences were observed between frontal and back space in the minimum audible angle (MAA) and temporal bisection task, a significant difference was found in the spatial bisection task, where subjects performed better in the frontal space. Our results are in agreement with the idea that vision is important in developing auditory spatial metric representation in sighted individuals.
Anomalous variations of VLF sub-ionospheric signal and Mesospheric Ozone prior to 2015 Gorkha Nepal Earthquake
Authors: Phanikumar D. V. , Maurya Ajeet K. , Kumar Kondapalli Niranjan , Venkatesham K. , Singh Rajesh , Sharma S. , Naja M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe subject of pre-earthquake ionospheric signatures has always been contentious and debatable. Some of the previous reports have documented unforeseen and unusual variations in some of the atmospheric and ionospheric parameters well before an earthquake. Here, we analyze the ionospheric response from the Indian Subcontinent to Nepal Gorkha Earthquakes occurred between April and May 2015, which were the most powerful and disastrous natural calamities in past ~80 years over the Himalayan region left ~9000 causalities and more than ~20000 people injured with the property damage of the order of several billion dollars. In view of severe earthquakes occurrences, their prior information on the shorter time scales are warranted for mitigation of associated disasters. Here, we report for the first time, a case which shows a strong link in anomalous variations between VLF sub-ionospheric signal and mesospheric ozone prior to both April 25, 2015 (Mw = 7.8) earthquake and its biggest aftershock on May 12, 2015 (Mw = 7.3). Observations show an unusual variation in VLF signals amplitude /shift in terminator time (TT) strongly linked with positive (negative) mesospheric ozone anomaly in D-region altitudes prior to the Gorkha Nepal earthquakes. It is surmised that simultaneous continuous observations of both VLF waves and mesospheric ozone can be considered as an important tool to identify the prior earthquake signatures in the vicinity of the extremely earthquake-prone zone such as Himalayan region. In this context, the current report opens up a new dimension in lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling during the earthquake preparation processes itself.
Pax3/7 duplicated and diverged independently in amphioxus, the basal chordate lineage
Authors: Barton-Owen Thomas B. , Ferrier David E. K. , Somorjai Ildikó M. L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe Pax3/7 transcription factor family is integral to developmental gene networks contributing to important innovations in vertebrate evolution, including the neural crest. The basal chordate lineage of amphioxus is ideally placed to understand the dynamics of the gene regulatory network evolution that produced these novelties. We report here the discovery that the cephalochordate lineage possesses two Pax3/7 genes, Pax3/7a and Pax3/7b. The tandem duplication is ancestral to all extant amphioxus, occurring in both Asymmetron and Branchiostoma, but originated after the split from the lineage leading to vertebrates. The two paralogues are differentially expressed during embryonic development, particularly in neural and somitic tissues, suggesting distinct regulation. Our results have implications for the study of amphioxus regeneration, neural plate and crest evolution, and differential tandem paralogue evolution.
Transient AID expression for in situ mutagenesis with improved cellular fitness
Authors: Al-Qaisi Talal Salem , Su Yu-Cheng , Roffler Steve R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractActivation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in germinal center B cells introduces somatic DNA mutations in transcribed immunoglobulin genes to increase antibody diversity. Ectopic expression of AID coupled with selection has been successfully employed to develop proteins with desirable properties. However, this process is laborious and time consuming because many rounds of selection are typically required to isolate the target proteins. AID expression can also adversely affect cell viability due to off target mutagenesis. Here we compared stable and transient expression of AID mutants with different catalytic activities to determine conditions for maximum accumulation of mutations with minimal toxicity. We find that transient (3–5 days) expression of an AID upmutant in the presence of selection pressure could induce a high rate of mutagenesis in reporter genes without affecting cells growth and expansion. Our findings may help improve protein evolution by ectopic expression of AID and other enzymes that can induce DNA mutations.
Salinomycin-loaded Nanofibers for Glioblastoma Therapy
Authors: Norouzi Mohammad , Abdali Zahra , Liu Song , Miller Donald W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSalinomycin is an antibiotic that has recently been introduced as a novel and effective anti-cancer drug. In this study, PLGA nanofibers (NFs) containing salinomycin (Sali) were fabricated by electrospinning for the first time. The biodegradable PLGA NFs had stability for approximately 30 days and exhibited a sustained release of the drug for at least a 2-week period. Cytotoxicity of the NFs + Sali was evaluated on human glioblastoma U-251 cells and more than 50% of the treated cells showed apoptosis in 48 h. Moreover, NFs + Sali was effective to induce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to cell apoptosis. Gene expression studies also revealed the capability of the NFs + Sali to upregulate tumor suppressor Rbl1 and Rbl2 as well as Caspase 3 while decreasing Wnt signaling pathway. In general, the results indicated anti-tumor activity of the Sali-loaded NFs suggesting their potential applications as implantable drug delivery systems in the brain upon surgical resection of the tumor.
Trendige Superfoods: Placebo oder Wundermittel?
Authors: Leitner Gabriele 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff „Superfood“ war schon Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts bekannt, in der Umgangssprache ist er aber erst seit Kurzem populär. Das Europäische
Informationszentrum für Lebensmittel (EUFIC) bezeichnet als Superfood „Lebensmittel, insbesondere Obst und Gemüse, die aufgrund ihres Nährstoffgehaltes einen
höheren gesundheitlichen Nutzen als andere Nahrungsmittel aufweisen“ 1.
Influence of Training Load and Altitude on Heart Rate Variability Fatigue Patterns in Elite Nordic Skiers
Authors: Schmitt Laurent , Regnard Jacques , Coulmy Nicolas , Millet Gregoire 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe aimed to analyse the relationship between training load/intensity and different heart rate variability (HRV) fatigue patterns in 57 elite Nordic-skiers. 1063 HRV tests were performed during 5 years. R-R intervals were recorded in resting supine (SU) and standing (ST) positions. Heart rate, low (LF), high (HF) frequency powers of HRV were determined. Training volume, training load (TL, a.u.) according to ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) and VT2 were measured in zones I≤VT1; VT1<II≤VT2; III>VT2, IV for strength. TL was performed at 81.6±3.5% in zone I, 0.9±0.9% in zone II, 5.0±3.6% in zone III, 11.6±6.3% in zone IV. 172 HRV tests matched a fatigue state and four HRV fatigue patterns (F) were statistically characterized as F(HF-LF-)SU_ST for 121 tests, F(LF+SULF-ST) for 18 tests, F(HF-SUHF+ST) for 26 tests and F(HF+SU) for 7 tests. The occurrence of fatigue states increased substantially with the part of altitude training time (r2=0.52, p<0.001). This study evidenced that there is no causal relationship between training load/intensity and HRV fatigue patterns. Four fatigue-shifted HRV patterns were sorted. Altitude training periods appeared critical as they are likely to increase the overreaching risks.
The Effect of Antiseptics in the Prophylaxis of Infection in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Lüdemann Martin , Munoz Pablo , Wagner Martin , Malzahn Uwe , Horas Konstantin , Heuschmann Peter , Rudert Maximilian 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Introduction Over the past decade, the incidence of revision arthroplasty has increased substantially. One of the main reasons for revision arthroplasty is periprosthetic joint infection, often resulting in multiple surgical interventions with variable success and poor clinical outcome. Intraoperative wound irrigation has been proposed to reduce bacterial contamination and thus the risk of periprosthetic infection. However, there is currently no widely accepted recommendation for the use of topical antiseptics within the operative setting for primary implantation. We performed a systematic review of studies pertaining to the use of intraoperative topical antiseptics and their effectiveness in preventing infection of orthopaedic implants.
Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature search including MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and Current Contents Medicine (CCMED-Medpilot) was performed according to a standardised protocol.
Results Overall, 1905 articles were initially assessed. Four studies met the inclusion criteria and remained for further analysis, comprising two prospective cohort studies using retrospective control groups (evidence level II – III) and two randomised controlled trials (evidence level I). 0.35% Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) was used in three of these studies and a solution of 6.25% PVP-I and 6.25%-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in one study for intraoperative wound irrigation. There was a clear trend in all studies suggesting that intraoperative topical antiseptics are effective in preventing periprosthetic infection.
Conclusion Although no clear regimen can be recommended, the available literature indicates that the use of intraoperative topical antiseptics is of clinical relevance in preventing infection of orthopaedic implants. Further randomised controlled trials are recommended.
Zucker-Challenges und Low-Carb-Hype
Authors: Kabisch Stefan 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDer große Ernährungstrend der letzten Jahre sind gerade unter jungen Menschen sogenannte „Challenges“: vergleichsweise kurze, aber sehr intensive Diätphasen, in
denen eine besonders schwierige diätetische Herausforderung zur Motivation des Einzelnen dient, aber auch als Beweis der eigenen Leistungsfähigkeit im
Wettbewerb mit der gleichaltrigen Peer-Group. Viele der Challenges finden auch außerhalb des Ernährungsgebietes statt und spiegeln den Wortsinn von „Challenge“
eher als Mutprobe wider.
Paroxysmal Movement Disorder and Epilepsy Caused by a De Novo Truncating Mutation in KAT6A
Authors: Efthymiou Stephanie , Salpietro Vincenzo , Bettencourt Conceicao , Houlden Henry 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMutations in KAT6A encoding a histone acetyltransferase involved in chromatin remodeling and in other genes involved in histone acetylation and/or deacetylation have been implicated in broad phenotypes of congenital and developmental abnormalities. However, limited genotype–phenotype correlations are available for some of the most rare or recently reported genetic disorders related to chromatin dysregulation. We hereby report a de novo truncating mutation in KAT6A (c.3338C > G; p.S1113X) in a young male patient with intellectual disability associated with impaired speech and autistic features, who also presented with infantile seizures and a complex movement disorder phenotype with paroxysmal episodes of abnormal startle responses.
Atlanto-Occipital Synostosis in a Colombian Population Sample
Authors: Duque Parra J.E. , Barco Ríos J. , García Aguirre J.F. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction The Cervico-capital rotation process involves important joints with respect to the neurological field. Among these joints, the atlanto-occipital joint accounts for 40% of the total rotation process and its anatomical changes may affect the joint, i.e when the synostosis of both bones occurs. This anomaly has a reported incidence in the world population of 0.14% to 0.75%. To determine whether this incidence range also corresponds to the Colombian population, atlanto-occipital fusion in Colombian patients was studied.
Materials and Methods The presence of atlanto-occipital fusion was assessed in a random sample of 105 skulls of a Colombian population. Morphometric features were evaluated by using a Vernier caliper.
Results Out of the total sample two cases of atlanto-occipital fusion were identified. One of them exhibited a bilateral fusion between the anterior arch of the foramen magnum and the lateral masses of the atlas; the other one exhibited a left hemisynostosis that compromises the anterior arch foramen magnum and left lateral mass of atlas. The overall frequency of occurrence was 1.9%.
Conclusion A greater incidence of atlanto-occipital fusion was found in contrast to the range of world incidence reported in the literature.
A Contribution to the Anatomical Study of the Mandibular Premolars
Authors: Capote T. , Barroso R. , Pinto S. , Conte M. , Campos J. , Bolini P. , Gonçalves M. 
Published: June 2018

Introduction During the practical classes of Dental Anatomy, some students have difficulties in identifying the mandibular first premolars, especially in determining the proximal surfaces.
Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the anatomical structures of those teeth, to determine the criteria for identifying the proximal surfaces in individual teeth.
Materials and Methods Two hundred mandibular first premolars belonging to 100 individuals, at the age of 18 to 25 years old and from both sexes were evaluated according to some features of the dental crown. The associations of interest were estimated using the chi-square test or Fisher's Exact Test and kappa statistic. The level of significance was 5%.
Results The distal occlusal fossa (DOF) was the widest fossa (94.5%), and the distal surface constituted the proximal surface with the largest dimension (94.5%). It was found that in 60% of the teeth, the DOF was located closer to the lingual surface. The grooves from the mesial and distal occlusal fossa, toward the lingual surface, were absent in most teeth (64.5% and 91.5%, respectively).
Conclusions The criteria for determining the proximal surfaces when evaluating individual first mandibular premolars should be: DOF will be the widest occlusal fossa; the proximal surface with the largest buccolingual dimension will be the distal surface. The occlusal fossa which is closer to the lingual surface may also be evaluated, being considered as the DOF. However, this should be considered the last of the three highlighted criteria, since it generates a greater margin of error in relation to the others.