bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
External Quality Assessment: Microscopy Diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum for a Better Management of Malaria in the Regional Health Center in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Sylvain Beourou , Karim Tuo , Offianan A. Toure , Claude F. A. N’dhouba , Hubert N’goran , Issiaka Bassinka , Louis Penali , Mireille Dosso , Allico J. Djaman 
Published: February 2019

Context: In Côte d'Ivoire, malaria is transmitted throughout the year with an increased rate during the rainy season. This pathology is endemic on the whole territory with seasonal variations. The major vector is Anopheles gambiae. The external microbiology quality assessment programs organized by both Institut Pasteur of Côte d'Ivoire (IPCI) and PEPFAR, malaria microscopy was randomly carried out in 1/3 of the country regional health center laboratories. Laboratory technicians play a key role in malaria control programs because care services such as the disease monitoring depend on their diagnosis and technical skills.
Aim: The aim of this evaluation was to control the quality of the microscopic diagnosis and the performance of on-duty technicians for the management of feverish patients and efforts to strengthen laboratory services.
Méthodology: Six (6) RHC (Regional Health Center) laboratories were involved in the evaluation. Anonymity code was assigned to each of the participating laboratories.
There were many discrepancies in External Quality Assessment (EQA) results on the field not with standing the parasitemia, low or high.
Results: Only 30% of correct answers were recorded for P. falciparum identification. For P. ovale, we found a failure rate of 100% for laboratories.
Conclusion: Parasitemia was approximate and many confusions were observed regarding the different stages of parasites.
Effect of Temperature Regimes on Morphological Development of Selected Canola (Brassica napus) Genotypes
Authors: Nwogha J. S. , Agenbag G. A. , Obidiegwu J. E. , Amadi C. O. 
Published: February 2019

Seven canola genotypes selected from early and mid-maturing groups of canola genotypes presently planted in the Western Cape canola production area were grown in 3 litre plastic bags filled with a mixture of sand and compost at ratio of 1:1 and irrigated with fully balanced nutrient solution at EC=2.0 in two glasshouses at night/day temperature regimes of 10/15˚C and 15/20˚C. Plant heights were measured at 14 days interval from 28 to 84 days after planting (DAP). Plants were sampled for leaf area (LA) and above ground dry mass (DM) at budding, flowering and seed physiological maturity stages. Plant growth rates (PGR) from planting to budding, from budding to flowering and from flowering to physiological maturity growth stages were calculated. Relative growth rates (RGR) and net assimilation rates (NAR) from budding to flowering and from flowering to physiological maturity stages were also calculated. Days after planting, GDD and PTU at budding, flowering and physiological maturity were correlated with leaf area, dry mass, number of pods plant-1 and pod dry mass plant-1 at budding, flowering and physiological maturity stages to determine whether there were relationships between the variables. The study showed that by increasing night/day temperature from 10/15˚C to 15/20˚C plant height, number of leaves plant-1 at budding stage, leaf area at budding , plant growth rate (PGR) from planting to budding stage and relative growth rate (RGR) from budding to flowering stage were increased. However, PGR from budding to physiological maturity, RGR from flowering to physiological maturity, net assimilation rate (NAR) from budding to flowering stage, leaf area at flowering and physiological maturity stages, as well as number of flower stems, number of pods plant-1, above ground total dry mass at flowering and physiological maturity stages were decreased. Pod dry mass at physiological maturity decreased by 22.24% to 40.35% for different genotypes which clearly demonstrated the variations in sensitivity of canola genotypes to increasing night/day temperatures and also indicates that canola crop can be genetically improved for heat tolerance.
Fuzzy adaptive optimal control for nonlinear switched systems with actuator hysteresis
Authors: Sui Shuai , Tong Shaocheng , Chen C. L. Philip , Sun Kangkang 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis article considers the issue of fuzzy adaptive dynamic programming control of nonlinear switched systems with arbitrary switchings and unknown uncertain functions and actuator hysteresis nonlinearities. The whole control approach is made of switching feedforward controller and optimal switching feedback controller. To get over the hardness of arbitrary switching structure and the issue of “explosion of complexity”, the common Lyapunov function theory and dynamic surface control method are utilized in the recursive design technique. By using fuzzy logic systems to model unknown inner dynamics and unknown cost functions, a novel fuzzy adaptive optimal switching control strategy is developed. Meanwhile, uniformly ultimately boundedness of all weights in the controlled systems are proved by the proposed control method, and the tracking performance is guaranteed in an optimal manner. Subsequently, a numerical simulation study is used to test the effectiveness of the presented control strategy.
Decentralized adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network tracking control for a class of large‐scale stochastic nonlinear systems
Authors: Yan Hong‐Sen , Han Yu‐Qun 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper investigates the problem of adaptive multi‐dimensional Taylor network (MTN) decentralized tracking control for large‐scale stochastic nonlinear systems. Minimizing the influence of randomness and complex nonlinearity, which increases computational complexity, and improving the controller's real‐time performance for the stochastic nonlinear system are of great significance. With combining adaptive backstepping with dynamic surface control, a decentralized adaptive MTN tracking control approach is developed. In the controller design, MTNs are used to approximate nonlinearities, the backstepping technique is employed to construct the decentralized adaptive MTN controller, and the dynamic surface control technique is adopted to avoid the “explosion of computational complexity” in the backstepping design. It is proven that all the signals in the closed‐loop system remain bounded in probability, and the tracking errors converge to a small residual set around the origin in the sense of a mean quartic value. As the MTN contains only addition and multiplication, the proposed control method is more simplified and of good real‐time performance, compared with the existing control methods for large‐scale stochastic nonlinear systems. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approach, and simulation results demonstrate that the method presented in this paper has good real‐time performance and control quality, and the dynamic performance of the closed‐loop system is satisfactory.
Differential effects of employment grade on the association between long working hours and problem drinking
Authors: Cheng Wan‐Ju , Pien Li‐Chung , Cheng Yawen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between working hours and problem drinking in employees from different employment grades.MethodsWe used data from a national survey of randomly sampled Taiwanese workers. A total score of 2 or more on the Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye‐Opener (CAGE) questionnaire was used to identify problem drinkers. Weekly working hours were categorized into five groups: <40, 40, 41‐48, 49‐59, and ≥60. Employees were classified into three employment grades: managers and professionals, skilled workers, and low‐skilled workers. The associations between working hours and problem drinking in employees from different employment grades were examined by logistic regression models.ResultsIn skilled workers, problem drinking was associated with <40 and 41‐48 working hours, but not with >48 working hours. In low‐skilled workers, problem drinking was most strongly associated with 49‐59 working hours.ConclusionThe association between working hours and problem drinking was not linear and differed with employment grades.
Integrated Valorization of Desalination Brine through NaOH Recovery: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Kumar Amit , Phillips Katherine R. , Cai Janny , Schröder Uwe , Lienhard John H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe rising use of seawater desalination for fresh water production is driving a parallel rise in the discharge of high‐salinity brine into the ocean. Better utilization of this brine would have a positive impact on the energy use, cost, and environmental footprint of desalination. Furthermore, intermittent renewable energy can easily power the brine utilization and, for reverse osmosis technology, the entire desalination plant. One pathway toward these goals is to convert the otherwise discharged brine into useful chemicals; waste could be transformed into sodium hydroxide or caustic soda (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). In this Minireview, we discuss opportunities and challenges for integrated valorization of desalination brine through NaOH and HCl recovery.
Chemische Synthesen und chemische Biologie von Carboxylpolyether‐Ionophoren: Aktuelle Entwicklungen
Authors: Liu Han , Lin Shaoquan , Jacobsen Kristian M. , Poulsen Thomas B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEin zentrales Ziel der chemischen Biologie ist die Entwicklung von molekularen Sonden, die grundlegende Untersuchungen zellulärer Systeme ermöglichen. In der Hierarchie bioaktiver Moleküle nehmen die sogenannten Ionophore eine unspektakuläre Position ein, wobei typische Charakterisierungen “unspezifisch” und “toxisch” sind. Tatsächlich führt die bloße Möglichkeit, dass ein Kandidatenmolekül “Ionophoraktivität” besitzt, dazu, dass es aus weiteren Studien entfernt wird; Ionophore sind, aus einer chemobiologischen Perspektive betrachtet, “molekulare Gesetzlose”. Im Widerspruch zu diesem insgesamt schlechten Ruf der Ionophore verdankt die synthetische Chemie einige ihrer erstaunlichsten Erfolge den Untersuchungen von Ionophor‐Naturstoffen, insbesondere den Carboxylpolyethern, die für ihre komplizierten molekularen Strukturen bekannt sind. Diese Verbindunge waren jahrzehntelang akademische Spielwiesen, um neue Synthesemethoden zu testen und retrosynthetische Taktiken zu perfektionieren. Hier betrachten wir die aufregendsten jüngsten Fortschritte bei der Synthese von Carboxylpolyether‐Ionophoren (CPI) und diskutieren darüber hinaus das aufkeimende Feld der chemischen Biologie von CPIs.
Two‐Phase System Utilizing Hydrophobic Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Photocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Isaka Yusuke , Kawase Yudai , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMuch effort has been devoted to photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an alternative to fossil fuels. From an economic point of view, reductive synthesis of H2O2 from O2 coupled with the oxidative synthesis of value‐added products is particularly interesting. We herein report application of MIL‐125‐NH2, a photoactive metal–organic framework (MOF), to a benzylalcohol/water two‐phase system that realized photocatalytic production and spontaneous separation of H2O2 and benzaldehyde. Hydrophobization of the MOF enabled its separation from the aqueous phase. This resulted in enhanced photocatalytic efficiency and enabled application of various aqueous solutions including extremely low pH solution which is favorable for H2O2 production but fatal to MOF structure. In addition, a highly concentrated H2O2 solution was obtained by simply reducing the volume of the aqueous phase.
Long‐Distance Rate Acceleration by Bulk Gold
Authors: Schlimm Alexander , Löw Roland , Rusch Talina , Röhricht Fynn , Strunskus Thomas , Tellkamp Tobias , Sönnichsen Frank , Manthe Uwe , Magnussen Olaf , Tuczek Felix , Herges Rainer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report on a very unusual case of surface catalysis involving azobenzenes in contact with a Au(111) surface. A rate acceleration of the cis–trans isomerization on gold up to a factor of 1300 compared to solution is observed. By using carefully designed molecular frameworks, the electronic coupling to the surface can be systematically tuned. The isomerization kinetics of molecules with very weak coupling to the metal is similar to that found in solution. For their counterparts with strong coupling, the relaxation rate is shown to depend on the spin‐density distribution in the triplet states of the molecules. This suggests that an intersystem crossing is involved in the relaxation process. Aside from their impact on catalytic processes, these effects could be used to trigger reactions over long distances.
Multivariable extension of global finite‐time HOSM based differentiator for output‐feedback unit vector and smooth binary control
Authors: Oliveira Tiago Roux , Rodrigues Victor Hugo Pereira , Battistel Andrei , Fridman Leonid 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a unit vector control law by output feedback to solve the problem of global exact output tracking for a class of multivariable uncertain plants with nonlinear disturbances. In order to face the nonuniform arbitrary relative degree obstacle, we extend our earlier estimation scheme based on global finite‐time differentiators using dynamic gains to a multivariable architecture. A diagonally stable condition over the system high‐frequency gain (HFG) matrix has to be assumed. Preserving the simplicity of its mono variable framework, variable gain super‐twisting algorithm (STA) is employed to obtain the robust and exact multivariable differentiator. Moreover, state‐norm observers for the unmeasured state variables are constructed to upper bound the disturbances as well as to update the differentiator gains, being both state dependent. Uniform global exponential stability and ultimate exact tracking are proved. As an alternative to chattering alleviation, we appeal to the Emelyanov's concept of binary control in order to obtain a continuous control signal replacing the unit vector function in the controller by a high‐gain gradient adaptive law with parameter projection. As shown in the existing literature for mono variable systems, the proposed multiparameter binary‐adaptive formulation tends to the unit vector control as the adaptation gain increases to infinity, also smoothing the transition from adaptive to sliding mode control. A numerical example is portrayed to illustrate the potentialities of the developed multivariable techniques.
Vitamins in cell culture media: Stability and stabilization strategies
Authors: Schnellbaecher Alisa , Binder Dennis , Bellmaine Stephanie , Zimmer Aline 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNowadays, chemically defined cell culture media (CCM) have replaced serum‐ and hydrolysate‐based media that rely on complex ingredients, such as yeast extracts or peptones. Benefits include a significantly lower lot‐to‐lot variability, more efficient manufacturing by reduction to essential components, and the ability to exclude components that may negatively influence growth, viability, or productivity. Even though current chemically defined CCMs provide an excellent basis for various mammalian biotechnological processes, vitamin instabilities are known to be a key factor contributing to the variabilities still present in liquid CCM as well as to short storage times. In this review, the chemical degradation pathways and products for the most relevant vitamins for CCM will be discussed, with a focus on the effects of light, oxygen, heat, and other CCM compounds. Different approaches to stabilize vitamins in solution, such as replacement with analogs, encapsulation, or the addition of stabilizing compounds will also be reviewed. While these vitamins and vitamin stabilization approaches are presented here as particular for CCM, the application of these concepts can also be considered relevant for pharmaceutical, medical, and food supplement purposes. More precise knowledge regarding vitamin instabilities will contribute to stabilize future formulations and thus decrease residual lot‐to‐lot variability.
Genetically Encoded Libraries of Constrained Peptides
Authors: Bosma Tjibbe , Rink Rick , Moosmeier Markus A. , Moll Gert N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMany therapeutic peptides can still be improved with respect to target specificity, target affinity, resistance to peptidases/proteases, physical stability, and capacity to pass through membranes required for oral delivery. Several modifications can improve the peptides’ properties, in particular those that impose (a) conformational constraint(s). Screening of constrained peptides and the identification of hits is greatly facilitated by the generation of genetically encoded libraries. Recent breakthrough bacterial, phage, and yeast display screening systems of ribosomally synthesized post‐translationally constrained peptides, particularly those of lanthipeptides, are earning special attention. Here we provide an overview of display systems for constrained, genetically encoded peptides and indicate prospects of constrained peptide‐displaying phage and bacterial systems as such in vivo.
Facile Synthesis of α‐exo‐Methylene Ketones from α,α‐Disubstituted Allyl Alcohols by Electrochemical Oxidative Migration
Authors: Yamamoto Kosuke , Kikuchi Naoto , Hamamizu Tohru , Yoshimatsu Hirofumi , Kuriyama Masami , Demizu Yosuke , Onomura Osamu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOxidative migration of α,α‐disubstituted allyl alcohols to α‐exo‐methylene ketones was accomplished through an electrochemical method by using CaX2 or MgX2 (X=Cl, Br) as a halogen mediator. Cyclic and acyclic α,α‐disubstituted allyl alcohols were successfully employed in the present reaction, affording the corresponding migration products in good‐to‐excellent yields. α‐exo‐Methylene ketones bearing an aliphatic group on the α position of the carbonyl group were obtained by using a two‐step procedure, that is, electrochemical oxidative migration followed by base‐mediated dehydrohalogenation in a one‐pot manner.
CoI‐Catalyzed Barbier Reactions of Aromatic Halides with Aromatic Aldehydes and Imines
Authors: Presset Marc , Paul Jérôme , Cherif Ghania Nait , Ratnam Nisanthan , Laloi Nicolas , Léonel Eric , Gosmini Corinne , Le Gall Erwan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe reductive Barbier coupling of aromatic halides and electrophiles has been achieved using a CoBr2/1,10‐phenanthroline catalytic system and over stoichiometric amounts of zinc. The reaction displayed a broad scope of substrates, including (hetero)aryl chlorides as pro‐nucleophiles and aldehydes or imines as electrophiles, leading to diarylmethanols and diarylmethylamines in moderate to excellent yields, respectively.
Emerging misunderstood presentations of cardiovascular disease in young women
Authors: Bullock‐Palmer Renee P. , Shaw Leslee J. , Gulati Martha 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death for females in the United States accounting for over 412 000 female deaths in 2016. CVD mortality in young women <55 years old remains significantly high and greater than that in men.HypothesisThere is a void with regards to awareness of CVD in women. Many traditional CVD risk estimate tools fail to identify the “at risk” female and is true for the young female patient. There needs to be a shift in focus from looking for the vulnerable plaque to looking for the “at risk” patient.MethodsThis review outlines the emerging misunderstood presentations of CVD in young women which include certain categories of myocardial infarction (MI) with non‐obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD), as well as the more stable myocardial ischemia with non‐obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) category focusing on mental stress‐induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI).ResultsThe prevalence of MINOCA in patients presenting with MI is greater in women. In younger women with CVD, SCAD is an emerging misunderstood presentation in this group of patients with type 2 SCAD being the most common form. MSIMI, a form of INOCA, is more common in women with CVD.ConclusionsThere are emerging misunderstood factors that are prevalent in young women, such as SCAD and MSIMI. It is important to recognize their presentations in young women to prevent misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis as well as mismanagement of these patients to improve their clinical outcomes.
Recent Advances in the Development of Molecular Catalyst‐Based Anodes for Water Oxidation toward Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Zahran Zaki N. , Tsubonouchi Yuta , Mohamed Eman A. , Yagi Masayuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCatalytic water oxidation represents a bottleneck for developing artificial photosynthetic systems that store solar energy as renewable fuels. A variety of molecular water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) have been reported over the last two decades. In view of their applications in artificial photosynthesis devices, it is essential to immobilize molecular catalysts onto the surfaces of conducting/semiconducting supports for fabricating efficient and stable water oxidation anodes/photoanodes. Molecular WOC‐based anodes are essential for developing photovoltaic artificial photosynthesis devices and, moreover, the performance of molecular WOC on anodes will provide important insight into designing extended molecular WOC‐based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation. This Review concerns recent progress in the development of molecular WOC‐based anodes over the last two decades and looks at the prospects for using such anodes in artificial photosynthesis.
Statistical analysis on secular records of igneous geochemistry: Implication for the early Archean plate tectonics
Authors: Liu He , Sun Wei‐dong , Deng Jianghong 
Published: February 2019

In recent years, application of statistical analysis to a sufficiently large geochemical database has become more and more popular to reveal the onset and evolution of plate tectonics as a consequence of the development of computer science and storage technology. Here, we introduce a robust statistical method to process a filtered geochemical dataset including predominantly continental basaltic rocks through Earth's history. The results show that the average Sr concentrations gradually increased from 3.8 to 0 Ga, indicating a progressively growing depth of magma source as a result of secular cooling of the mantle. However, the average La/Yb and Sm/Yb ratios only started to increase at ca. 3.0 Ga. Considering the La–Yb and Sm–Yb fractionations are commonly attributed to the residual garnet crystallization, we interpreted that the geotherm of the magma source of continental basaltic rocks before 3.0 Ga might be higher than the stability limit of garnet. As such, there were little or no garnets in the residue during partial melting of the upwelling asthenospheric mantle or mantle plumes before 3.0 Ga, which also implied a higher continental geotherm during that time. Such a high geotherm could not support the formation of contemporaneous high‐pressure or medium‐pressure TTGs (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) by vertical tectonic models associated with upwelling mantle heating or delaminated lower crust melting in the early Archean. We therefore conclude that the plate tectonics had occurred by ca. 3.8 Ga in a hot subduction style and contributed to the formations of high‐ and medium‐pressure TTGs subsequently.