bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost implications of intraprocedural thrombotic events and bleeding in percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from the CHAMPION PHOENIX ECONOMICS Study
Authors: Tamez Hector , Généreux Philip , Yeh Robert W. , Amin Amit P. , Fan Weihong , White Harvey D. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Stone Gregg W. , Gibson C. Michael , Harrington Robert A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Pinto Duane S. ,   on behalf of the CHAMPION PHOENIX ECONOMICS Investigators
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite improvements in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), intraprocedural thrombotic events (IPTE) and bleeding complications occur and are prognostically important. These have not been included in prior economic studies.MethodsPHOENIX ECONOMICS was a substudy of the CHAMPION PHOENIX trial, evaluating cangrelor during PCI. Hospital bills were reviewed from 1,171 patients enrolled at 22 of 63 US sites. Costs were estimated using standard methods including resource‐based accounting, hospital billing data, and the Medicare fee schedule. Bleeding and IPTE, defined as abrupt vessel closure (transient or sustained), new/suspected thrombus, new clot on wire/catheter, no reflow, side‐branch occlusion, procedural stent thrombosis or urgent need for CABG were identified. Costs were calculated according to whether a complication occurred and type of event. Multivariate analyses were used to estimate the incremental costs of IPTE and postprocedural events.ResultsIPTE occurred in 4.3% and were associated with higher catheterization laboratory and overall index hospitalization costs by $2,734 (95%CI $1,117, $4,351; P = 0.001) and $6,354 (95% CI $4,122, $8,586; P < 0.001), respectively. IPTE were associated with MI (35.4% vs. 3.6%; P < 0.001), out‐of‐laboratory stent thrombosis (4.2% vs. 0.1%; 0 = 0.005), ischemia driven revascularization (12.5% vs. 0.3%; P < 0.001), but not mortality (2.1% vs. 0.2%; P = 0.12) vs. no procedural thrombotic complication. By comparison, ACUITY minor bleeding increased hospitalization cost by $1,416 (95%CI = 312, $2,519; P = 0.012). ACUITY major bleeding increased cost of hospitalization by $7,894 (95%CI $4,154, $11,635; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIPTE and bleeding complications, though infrequent, are associated with substantial increased cost. These complications should be collected in economic assessments of PCI.
Enantioselective, Noncovalent, Substrate‐Directable Heck–Matsuda and Oxidative Heck Arylations of Unactivated Five‐Membered Carbocyclic Olefins
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana Manso , Angnes Ricardo Almir , Khan Ismat Ullah , Polo Ellen Christine , Heerdt Gabriel , Servilha Bruno M. , Menezes da Silva Vitor H. , Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Correia Carlos Roque Duarte 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHighly diastereo‐ and enantioselective, noncovalent, substrate‐directable Heck desymmetrizations of cyclopentenyl olefins containing hydroxymethyl and carboxylate functional groups are presented. These conformationally unbiased cyclic olefins underwent effective arylations in yields of up to 97 %, diastereoselectivity up to >20:1, and enantiomeric excesses of up to 99 %. Noncovalent directing effects were shown to be prevalent in both Heck–Matsuda and oxidative Heck reactions, allowing the preferential formation of cis‐substituted aryl cyclopentenes containing two stereocenters, including quaternary stereocenters. These results further validate the internal out‐of‐coordination‐sphere ion–dipole interaction concept directing the reaction diastereoselectivity to the cis‐Heck product. This approach is complementary to existing methods using bis‐phosphine monoxide ligands to give the opposite trans‐diastereoisomer. The applicability of the method is showcased by the straightforward synthesis of a potent phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor in a diastereo‐ and enantioselective manner. The reaction is operationally simple and has broad scope with regard to the nature of the arenediazonium salt and boronic acid employed. The mechanism and origin of stereoselectivity were investigated with control experiments and DFT calculations that fully supported the stabilizing internal out‐of‐coordination‐sphere ion–dipole interaction between the resident functional group and cationic palladium.
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies receiving chemotherapy in the intensive care unit
Authors: Pastores Stephen M. , Goldman Debra A. , Shaz David J. , Kostelecky Natalie , Daley Ryan J. , Peterson Tim J. , Tan Kay See , Halpern Neil A. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to evaluate the short‐term and long‐term outcomes of adult patients with hematologic malignancies who received chemotherapy in the intensive care unit (ICU).METHODSThis was a retrospective, single‐center study comparing the outcomes of patients with hematologic malignancies who received chemotherapy in the ICU with a matched cohort of ICU patients who did not receive chemotherapy. Conditional logistic regression and shared‐frailty Cox regression were used to assess short‐term (ICU and hospital) mortality and death by 12 months after hospital discharge, respectively.RESULTSOne hundred eighty‐one patients with hematologic malignancies received chemotherapy in the ICU. The ICU and hospital mortality rates were 25% and 42% for chemotherapy patients and 22% and 33% for non‐chemotherapy patients, respectively. Higher severity of illness scores on ICU admission were significantly associated with higher ICU mortality (odds ratio, 1.07; P < .001) and hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.05; P ≤ .001). Six‐month and 12‐month survival estimates posthospital discharge were 58% and 50%, respectively. Compared with the matched cohort of patients who did not receive chemotherapy, those who did receive chemotherapy had a significantly longer length of stay in the ICU (median, 6 vs 3 days; P < .001) and in the hospital (median, 22 vs 14 days; P = .024). In multivariable analysis, the patients who received chemotherapy in the ICU had a trend toward a higher risk of dying by 12 months (hazard ratio, 1.45; P = .08).CONCLUSIONSShort‐term mortality was similar among patients with hematologic malignancies who did and did not receive chemotherapy in the ICU, although patients who received chemotherapy had increased resource utilization. These results may inform ICU triage and goals‐of‐care discussions with patients and their families regarding outcomes after receiving chemotherapy in the ICU. Cancer 2018;124:3025‐36. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Patient‐centered prioritization of bladder cancer research
Authors: Smith Angela B. , Chisolm Stephanie , Deal Allison , Spangler Alejandra , Quale Diane Z. , Bangs Rick , Jones J. Michael , Gore John L. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUNDPatient‐centered research requires the meaningful involvement of patients and caregivers throughout the research process. The objective of this study was to create a process for sustainable engagement for research prioritization within oncology.METHODSFrom December 2014 to 2016, a network of engaged patients for research prioritization was created in partnership with the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network (BCAN): the BCAN Patient Survey Network (PSN). The PSN leveraged an online bladder cancer community with additional recruitment through print advertisements and social media campaigns. Prioritized research questions were developed through a modified Delphi process and were iterated through multidisciplinary working groups and a repeat survey.RESULTSIn year 1 of the PSN, 354 patients and caregivers responded to the research prioritization survey; the number of responses increased to 1034 in year 2. The majority of respondents had non–muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), and the mean time since diagnosis was 5 years. Stakeholder‐identified questions for noninvasive, invasive, and metastatic disease were prioritized by the PSN. Free‐text questions were sorted with thematic mapping. Several questions submitted by respondents were among the prioritized research questions. A final prioritized list of research questions was disseminated to various funding agencies, and a highly ranked NMIBC research question was included as a priority area in the 2017 Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute announcement of pragmatic trial funding.CONCLUSIONSPatient engagement is needed to identify high‐priority research questions in oncology. The BCAN PSN provides a successful example of an engagement infrastructure for annual research prioritization in bladder cancer. The creation of an engagement network sets the groundwork for additional phases of engagement, including design, conduct, and dissemination. Cancer 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Incremental parallel computing for continuous queries in dynamic graphs using a transactional model
Authors: Tripathi Anand , Sharma Rahul R. , Khandelwal Manu , Mehta Tanmay 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIn dynamically evolving graphs, one may be interested in continuously observing certain properties of the graph. One approach for continuous monitoring is to re‐execute the graph analytics program on the entire graph after it is updated. However, this approach can lead to high computation cost and latency in case of large graphs. An alternate approach, which we present in this paper, is to execute the analytics program only initially and then perform incremental computations for supporting continuous queries as the graph is modified. The goal of our work is to develop incremental parallel computing techniques to continuously monitor a graph as it is updated to check for the properties of interest. We present the results of our investigation of utilizing a transactional model of parallel programming for supporting continuous queries on dynamic and evolving graphs. In our model, the graph updates are performed as transactions, which trigger the execution of a set of transactional tasks to perform incremental computations. In our testbed system, the graph data is stored in the RAM of cluster nodes, and continuous queries involve the parallel execution of transactional tasks on the cluster nodes. Using a set of graph problems, we illustrate this approach and evaluate its performance.
Internet of things in smart education environment: Supportive framework in the decision‐making process
Authors: Abdel‐Basset Mohamed , Manogaran Gunasekaran , Mohamed Mai , Rushdy Ehab 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe role of education, which propagates knowledge, becomes increasingly significant in the past little years due to the fulminatory expansion in knowledge. Meantime, the model of education process is going via a conversion in which the learning of different students need to be completed in various ways. Therefore, the smart education environment is encouraged. It incorporates different information and communication technologies to activate learning process and adjust to the requirements of different students. The quality of learning process for students can be enhanced through continually monitoring and analyzing the state and activities of different students via information sensing devices and information processing platforms for offering feedback about learning process of different students. The Internet of Things pledges to achieve a great variation in life, goodness of individual's life, and organizations' productivity. Via a vastly dispensed locally smart network of intelligent objects, the IoT has the chance to allow expansions and improvements to essential utilities in various fields, while introducing a novel ecosystem for developing application. Applying the concept of Internet of Things in any education environment will increase the quality of education process because students will learn rapidly, and teachers will fulfill their job efficiently. This paper is designed to illustrate the basic concepts, definitions, characteristics, technology, and challenges of Internet of Things. We also illustrated the role of Internet of Things in building a smart educational process, and also, in making efficient and effective decisions, which is vital in our daily life.
Enhanced Crystallization by Methanol Additive in Antisolvent for Achieving High‐Quality MAPbI3 Perovskite Films in Humid Atmosphere
Authors: Yang Fu , Kamarudin Muhammad Akmal , Zhang Putao , Kapil Gaurav , Ma Tingli , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPerovskite solar cells have attracted considerable attention owing to their easy and low‐cost solution manufacturing process with high power conversion efficiency. However, the fabrication process is usually performed inside a glovebox to avoid moisture, as organometallic halide perovskites are easily dissolved in water. In this study, we propose a one‐step fabrication of high‐quality MAPbI3 perovskite films in around 50 % relative humidity (RH) humid ambient air by using diethyl ether as an antisolvent and methanol as an additive into this antisolvent. Because of the presence of methanol, the water molecules can be efficiently removed from the gaps of the perovskite precursors and the perovskite film formation can be slightly controlled, leading to pinhole‐free and low roughness films. Concurrently, methanol can be used to tune the DMSO ratio in the intermediate perovskite phase to regulate perovskite formation. Planar solar cells fabricated by using this method exhibited the best efficiency of 16.4 % with a reduced current density–voltage hysteresis. This efficiency value is approximately 160 % higher than the devices fabrication by using only diethyl ether treatment. From the impedance measurement, it is also found that the recombination reaction is suppressed when the device is prepared with methanol additive in the antisolvent. This method presents a new path for controlling the growth and morphology of perovskite films in humid climates and laboratories with uncontrolled environments.
Pop‐Inference: An educational application to evaluate statistical differences among populations
Authors: Arrontes Julio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPop‐Inference is an educational tool designed to help teaching of hypothesis testing using populations. The application allows for the statistical comparison of demographic parameters among populations. Input demographic data are projection matrices or raw demographic data. Randomization tests are used to compare populations. The tests evaluate the hypothesis that demographic parameters differ among groups of individuals more that should be expected from random allocation of individuals to populations. Confidence intervals for demographic parameters are obtained using the bootstrap. Tests may be global or pairwise. In addition to tests on differences, one‐way life table response experiments (LTRE) are available for random and fixed factors. Planned (a priori) comparisons are possible. Power of comparison tests is evaluated by constructing the distribution of the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true and when it is false. The relationship between power and sample size is explored by evaluating differences among populations at increasing population sizes, while keeping vital rates constant.
Interactions among predators and plant specificity protect herbivores from top predators
Authors: Bosc Christopher , Roets Francois , Hui Cang , Pauw Anton 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe worldwide loss of top predators from natural and agricultural systems has heightened the need to understand how important they are in controlling herbivore abundance. The effect of top predators on herbivore species is likely to depend on (1) the importance of the consumption of intermediate predators by top predators (intra‐guild predation; IGP), but also on (2) plant specificity by herbivores, because specialists may defend themselves better (enemy‐free space; EFS). Insectivorous birds, as top predators, are generally known to effectively control herbivorous insects, despite also consuming intermediate predators such as spiders, but how this effect varies among herbivore species in relation to the cascading effects of IGP and EFS is not known. To explore this, we excluded birds from natural fynbos vegetation in South Africa using large netted cages and recorded changes in abundance relative to control plots for 199 plant‐dwelling intermediate predator and 341 herbivore morpho‐species that varied in their estimated plant specificity. We found a strong negative effect of birds on the total abundance of all intermediate predators, with especially clear effects on spiders (strong IGP). In contrast with previous studies, which document a negative effect of birds on herbivores, we found an overall neutral effect of birds on herbivore abundance, but the effect varied among species: some species were negatively affected by birds, suggesting that they were mainly consumed by birds, whereas others, likely released from spiders by IGP, were positively affected. Some species were also effectively neutrally affected by birds. These tended to be more specialized to plants compared to the other species, which may imply that some plant specialists benefited from protection provided by EFS from both birds and spiders. These results suggest that the response of herbivore species to top predators may depend on cascading effects of interactions among predators and on their degree of plant specificity.
The relation between R. A. Fisher's sexy-son hypothesis and W. D. Hamilton's greenbeard effect
Authors: Faria Gonçalo S. , Varela Susana A. M. , Gardner Andy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent years have seen a growing interest in the overlap between the theories of kin selection and sexual selection. One potential overlap is with regards to whether R. A. Fisher's “sexy-son” hypothesis, concerning the evolution of extravagant sexual ornamentation, may be framed in terms of W. D. Hamilton's greenbeard effect, concerning scenarios in which individuals carry an allele that allows them to recognize and behave differently toward other carriers of the same allele. Specifically, both scenarios involve individuals behaving differently toward social partners who exhibit a phenotypic marker, with linkage disequilibrium between marker and behavior loci ensuring genetic relatedness between actor and recipient at the behavior locus. However, the formal connections between the two theories remain unclear. Here, we develop these connections by: (1) asking what kind of greenbeard is involved in the sexy-son hypothesis; (2) exploring the relationship between the problem of “falsebeards” and the “lek paradox”; (3) investigating whether these two problems may be resolved in analogous ways; and (4) determining whether population structure facilitates both of these evolutionary phenomena. By building this conceptual bridge, we are able to import results from the field of kin selection to sexual selection, and vice versa, yielding new insights into both topics.
The charring rate and charring depth of bamboo scrimber exposed to a standard fire
Authors: Xu Ming , Cui Zhaoyan , Chen Zhongfan , Xiang Jinhua 
Published: May 2018

SummaryTo better understand the charring properties of bamboo scrimber, a standard fire test was conducted to examine the effect of moisture content, exposure time, and grain direction on the charring rate of bamboo scrimber. The bamboo scrimber specimens were exposed to fire on one side with furnace temperatures following the requirements of ISO 834. The experimental results indicated the charring depth decreased as moisture content increased from 6% to 18%. Due to the thermal insulation of the char layer of bamboo scrimber, the charring rate decreased non‐linearly as the fire exposure time increased from 10 to 40 minutes. The charring rate of bamboo scrimber parallel to grain was approximately 1.23 times that perpendicular to grain. The non‐linear equation to express the charring rate of bamboo scrimber with moisture content, exposure time, and grain direction was established by regression analysis of the test data. The temperature of the char front was approximately 280°C, determined by heat transfer analysis of the 3‐dimensional finite element method model. Compared with different timber species in the literature and in standards, bamboo scrimber has better fire performance and a lower charring rate.
Development of caffeine‐encapsulated alginate‐based matrix combined with different natural biopolymers, and evaluation of release in simulated mouth conditions
Authors: Mohammadi Nima , Ehsani Mohammad Reza , Bakhoda Hossein 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCaffeine was encapsulated into calcium alginate microcapsules, and these microcapsules were produced with four types of material – starch, xanthan, chitosan, and whey protein isolate – in combination with alginate. Formulation characteristics such as the efficiency of microencapsulation, microcapsule size, viscosity, and texture properties of the microcapsules have been evaluated. The release of caffeine from different microcapsules was conducted in simulated saliva fluid. Alginate microcapsules with chitosan coating provided the slowest release of caffeine, compared with the other microcapsules. Significant differences in the appearance of the microcapsules were detectable by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analysis confirmed the existence of carbonyl groups in caffeine‐loaded microcapsules, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms indicated the glass transition temperature of the microcapsules. This study showed that the microencapsulation of caffeine with alginate may be helpful for designing fast (alginate) as well as prolonged caffeine release (alginate–starch–xanthan with chitosan).
Effect of high‐amylose corn starch addition on canning of yellow alkaline noodle composed of wheat flour and microbial transglutaminase: Optimization by RSM
Authors: Mojarrad Lida Shahsavani , Rafe Ali 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMixture experiment was applied to optimize the canned cross‐linked high‐amylose starch yellow alkaline noodle formula. Processing factors of canned yellow alkaline noodle (YAN) cross‐linked by MTGase at different levels of Hylon VII were surveyed. The factors were wheat flour, Hylon VII starch (HAS) as a high‐amylose starch, and water in the mixture to achieve reduction in cooking loss, water uptake, swelling index, and thickness. Due to the effect of retort processing on YAN, pH, color, and texture were also examined. Analysis of variance showed that the linear mixture had a significant effect on the noodle properties. Optimum conditions were as follows: wheat flour of 75 g, HAS of 15 g, and water 67 ml. Results showed the suitable effect of Hylon in improving texture of canned YAN as well as high gel strength, neutral pH, lowest cooking loss, water uptake, swelling index, and color after retort processing. Therefore, high‐amylose decreased swelling of starch, cooking yield, and improved hardness which obtain a strong gel and better stability in canned noodle. The pH fall and the attainment of yellow color in the YAN containing Hylon can be explained by the availability of two important amino acids, lysine and glutamine which were involved in both cross‐linking reactions. The synergistic effect of low amount of flour and Hylon produced more tensile and hardness properties in canned noodle. Overall, the canned YAN prepared by adding Hylon developed the stronger gel which can withstand at high thermal retort processing and finally improve the shelf life of the final product.