bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer recording in patients with and without type 2 diabetes in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care data and linked hospital admission data: a cohort study
Authors: Williams Rachael , van Staa Tjeerd-Pieter , Gallagher Arlene M , Hammad Tarek , Leufkens Hubert G M , de Vries Frank 
Published: May 2018

Objectives and settingConflicting results from studies using electronic health records to evaluate the associations between type 2 diabetes and cancer fuel concerns regarding potential biases. This study aimed to describe completeness of cancer recording in UK primary care data linked to hospital admissions records.DesignPatients aged 40+ years with insulin or oral antidiabetic prescriptions in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care without type 1 diabetes were matched by age, sex and general practitioner practice to non-diabetics. Those eligible for linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (HES APC), and with follow-up during April 1997–December 2006 were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCancer recording and date of first record of cancer were compared. Characteristics of patients with cancer most likely to have the diagnosis recorded only in a single data source were assessed. Relative rates of cancer estimated from the two datasets were compared.Participants53 585 patients with type 2 diabetes matched to 47 435 patients without diabetes were included.ResultsOf all cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) recorded in CPRD, 83% were recorded in HES APC. 94% of cases in HES APC were recorded in CPRD. Concordance was lower when restricted to same-site cancer records, and was negatively associated with increasing age. Relative rates for cancer were similar in both datasets.ConclusionsGood concordance in cancer recording was found between CPRD and HES APC among type 2 diabetics and matched controls. Linked data may reduce misclassification and increase case ascertainment when analysis focuses on site-specific cancers.
Factors affecting the operating time for complete cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in paediatric cases of congenital choledochal malformation: a retrospective case study in Southeast China
Authors: Guo Wan-liang , Zhan Yang , Fang Fang , Huang Shun-gen , Deng Yan-bing , Zhao Jun-gang , Wang Jian 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting the operating time for complete cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in paediatric cases of congenital choledochal malformation (CCM).DesignA 3-year retrospective study was undertaken between January 2013 and December 2015 in four centres in China.SettingThis involved a retrospective chart review of paediatric patients with CCM in four large hospitals in Southeast China.ParticipantsSixty-five paediatric patients with CCM were included in this study. We derived all available information on patient demographics, clinical characteristics, preoperative complications and surgical methods from the charts of all these patients.InterventionsUnivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate factors significantly affecting the operating time for complete cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in paediatric cases of CCM.ResultsTwenty-three of the 65 case surgeries were performed using laparoscopic technique, and 42 surgeries were performed by conventional open surgery. The median operating time was 215 min (range 120–430 min). The morphological subtype of CCM and the presence of cholecystitis or cholangitis were the only factors found to affect the operating time (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis confirmed cholangitis as an independent risk factor.ConclusionsThe morphological subtype of CMM and the presence of cholecystitis or cholangitis are factors affecting the operating time for complete cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in paediatric cases of CCM, whereas cholangitis is an independent risk factor.
From Northern Ireland to Afghanistan: half a century of blast injuries
Authors: McGuire Ruth , Hepper A , Harrison K 
Published: May 2018

IntroductionThroughout the last half century, blast injuries have been a common occurrence to UK military personnel during combat operations. This study investigates casualty data from three different military operations to determine whether survivability from blast injuries has improved over time and whether the tactics used could have influenced the injuries sustained.MethodsCasualty data from operations in Northern Ireland, Iraq and Afghanistan were reviewed and found to contain a total of 2629 casualties injured by improvised explosive devices. The injury severities were examined and the suitability of comparison between conflicts was considered.ResultsThe case fatality rate and mean severity score sustained remained consistent among the operations included in this study. Using the New Injury Severity Score, the probabilities of survival were calculated for each separate operation. The body regions injured were identified for both fatalities and survivors. Using this information, comparisons of injury severities sustained at an Abbreviated Injury Scale of 3 and above (identified as a threshold for fatal injury) were conducted between the different operations.ConclusionsThe data showed that as operations changed over time, survivability improved and the proportions of body regions injured also changed; however, this study also highlights how studying casualty data from different conflicts without taking account for the contextual differences may lead to misleading conclusions.
Impact of the global outflow angle on recanalization after endovascular treatment of middle cerebral artery bifurcation aneurysms
Authors: de La Torre Yannick , Velasco Stéphane , Tasu Jean-Pierre , Wanpouille Cassandre , Chan Paul , Velasco Raphael , Sztark Guillaume , Ingrand Pierre , Boucebci Samy 
Published: May 2018

Background and purposeIntracranial aneurysm recanalization after endovascular treatment (EVT) remains a major problem. The goal of this study was to find new predictive factors of recanalization after EVT of middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation aneurysms.Methods96 MCA bifurcationaneurysms, ruptured or unruptured, treated by EVT between Septembre 2009 and December 2014, were retrospectively included. Clinical parameters and aneurysm characteristics were recorded. From the initial three-dimensional DSA, spatial coordinates found on parent and daughter arteries of MCA bifurcations gave four different flow angle values; inflow, outflows 1 and 2, and the global outflow angle (the sum of the two outflow angles). Inter- and intra-observer reproducibilities of three-dimensional angle value measurements were performed.ResultsRecanalization occurred in 25 cases (26%) and retreatment was performed in 11 cases (11%). Only 1 patient (1%) had rebleeding. Univariate analysis established the following as predictive factors of recanalization: high blood pressure (P=0.014), aneurysm height (P<0.001), aneurysm width (P<0.001), neck size (P<0.001), postoperative occlusion class (P=0.040), percentage of packing volume (P<0.001), as well as the two outflow angles (P=0.006 and 0.045), and the global outflow angle (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed two independent risk factors for recanalization: the global outflow angle (OR=1.05; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.08; P<0.002) and aneurysm width (OR=0.67; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.96; P=0.031). A global outflow angle threshold <192° was found to be a risk factor for recanalization (OR=13.75; 95% CI 4.46 to 42.44), with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 77%.ConclusionsThis study emphasizes that a new parameter, the global outflow angle, can be predictive of recanalization for MCA bifurcation aneurysms treated by EVT.
Risk factors of haemorrhagic transformation for acute ischaemic stroke in Chinese patients receiving intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Yijia , Yang Yaqiong , Zhou Muke , He Li 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for haemorrhagic transformation in Chinese patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.MethodsWe searched electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and WanFang Data for studies reporting risk factors of haemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis. Pooled OR, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI were estimated. Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata V.14.0 software.ResultsA total of 14 studies were included. The results indicated that older age (WMD=3.46, 95% CI 2.26 to 4.66, I2=47), atrial fibrillation (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.85 to 3.81, I2=28), previous stroke (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.60, I2=14), previous antiplatelet treatment (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.38, I2=0), higher National Institute of Health stroke scale scores (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1. 05 to 1.15, I2=36), systolic (WMD=4.75, 95% CI 2.50 to 7.00, I2=42) or diastolic (WMD=2.67, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.26, I2=35) pressure, and serum glucose level (WMD=1.44, 95% CI 0.62 to 2.26, I2=66) were associated with increased risk of post-thrombolysis haemorrhagic transformation.ConclusionThe current meta-analysis identified eight risk factors for post-thrombolysis haemorrhagic transformation in Chinese patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Given the risk of bias, these results should be explained with caution and do not justify withholding intravenous thrombolysis.
Effect of a combination of telmisartan and amlodipine in hypertensive dogs
Authors: Caro‐Vadillo Alicia , Daza‐González Maria Angeles , Gonzalez‐Alonso‐Alegre Elisa , Rodríguez Alfonso , Gómez‐García José 
Published: May 2018

Systemic hypertension (SHT) in dogs is considered a health risk factor. Telmisartan is a well‐known antihypertensive agent in humans. There are limited reports about its efficacy in dogs. Five dogs with primary and secondary SHT refractory to the combined treatment of benazepril and amlodipine had a successful control of systolic arterial blood pressure (SBP) when telmisartan was combined with amlodipine. SBP showed a significant reduction after any treatment, but only reached successful control when amlodipine plus telmisartan was administered (median SBP: 215 mmHg before treatment [min‐max: 180–240 mmHg]; 180 mmHg for amlodipine plus benazepril treatment [min‐max: 170–210 mmHg]; 142 mmHg after amlodipine plus telmisartan treatment [min‐max: 120–165 mmHg]). This control remained stable in the long‐term follow‐up (average 5.2 months). In the cases reported, the telmisartan plus amlodipine treatment showed good efficacy in the control of SHT, regardless of cause, and was well tolerated in all patients.
<b>Forest evergreenness and tree endemism in the central Western Ghats, southern India</b>
Authors: Mesta Divakar K. , Hegde Ganesh R. 
Published: May 2018

Forests of the Western---- Ghats are well known for their evergreenness and high endemism. The present study carried out in the Sharavathi River Basin in the central Western Ghats of India is to find the relationship between forest evergreenness and tree endemism. The study was carried out from 2000 to 2006 and the methodology followed is a combination of transect and quadrat method nested with smaller quadrats for shrub layer and herb layer. A total of 51 endemic tree species belonging to 20 families were recorded. The results reveal that the composition of endemic tree population is closely associated with the evergreenness of the forest. With the increase in evergreenness, endemism also increased and almost all the endemic trees of the region occurred in very high evergreen class. Many of them were exclusively found in very high evergreen forests and ground layer data support this observation. Such narrow distribution of endemics makes them most vulnerable to extinction. The present study will be helpful in understanding the association of endemic trees with evergreenness of forest and will be useful in conservation as well as restoration of these endemic trees in their natural habitats.
<b>People’s attitude towards wild elephants, forest conservation and Human-Elephant conflict in Nilambur, southern Western Ghats of Kerala, India</b>
Authors: Rohini C. K. , Aravindan T. , Das K.S. Anoop , Vinayan P. A. 
Published: May 2018

Conflict with elephants and subsequent economic losses negatively affect residents’ tolerance towards wild elephants. It is important to understand people’s attitude towards wildlife, especially Asian Elephants with an endangered status. A questionnaire survey was undertaken with 510 forest fringe residents of Nilambur North and South Forest Divisions, Kerala, to understand residents’ attitudes towards elephant conservation and Human-Elephant conflict. The majority of the villagers experienced psychological stress and fear associated with movement restriction and chances of encounters with elephants. Crop damage was perceived as the most serious issue, followed by injury or death by encounters with elephants. Elephants show a higher preference for raiding Jackfruit and Plantain than other crops. The conflict was caused more frequently by solitary elephants than by elephant herds. Elephants were mainly found near farm areas during late night (22:00–02:00 hr) and early night (20:00–22:00 hr). More than half of the residents were in favour of forest conservation owing to its ecological value. One-fourth of the respondents favoured forest conservation due to its extraction benefits such as collection of fuel wood and cattle grazing. Almost equal proportions of people have positive and negative attitudes towards elephants. In such instances, the possibility for a drastic shift towards negative attitudes following spontaneous elephant conflict events can be expected. Ecological awareness, interaction among stakeholders, and participatory maintenance of mitigation methods will possibly reduce conflict and contribute towards the coexistence of people and elephants in this human-dominated landscape.
<b>Inventory of teloganodid mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Teloganodidae) from southern India with records of endemic taxa</b>
Authors: Selvakumar C. , Sivaramakrishnan K. G. , Kubendran T. , Chandra Kailash 
Published: May 2018

The present study deals with diagnostic characters, diversity, distribution and status of seven species belonging to four genera of Teloganodidae from southern India. Six of them are endemic to the Western Ghats as is the genus Indoganodes Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, 2014 and one is endemic to the Eastern Ghats. Due to this high percentage of endemism, conservation of habitats and microhabitats harbouring this ancient gondwanan lineage gains priority. A larval key to the known genera and species of Teloganodidae of southern India is also provided. The present pattern of distribution of the family Teloganodidae is confined to southern Africa, Madagascar, southern India and Southeast Asia.
<b>On the taxonomy of the first record of rare deep-water rough shark species of Oxynotidae (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) in the western Indian Ocean</b>
Authors: Viana Sarah , Lisher Mark W. 
Published: May 2018

An immature female specimen of rough shark was collected south of Reunion Island in the Madagascar Basin in 2009 aboard R/V Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, representing the first official record of the family Oxynotidae in the western Indian Ocean. The specimen is herein identified as Oxynotus sp. due to morphological differences with its closely similar congeners O. centrina and O. bruniensis regarding morphometrics, shape of dorsal, pectoral and caudal fins, shape of the head and colouration, refuting the hypothesis of occurrence of these two species in the region. These results indicate that Oxynotus sp. is possibly an undescribed species. A general description of the external morphology, external morphometrics and photographs of Oxynotus sp. are provided. The specimen has a hepatosomatic index of 36.33% which reveals that it was possibly approaching maturation, suggesting that a viable population of Oxynotus sp. exists in the western Indian Ocean. Intraspecific variations in O. centrina from the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean are also noticed, requiring further taxonomic scrutiny.
<b>A new record of the lesser-known butterfly Small Woodbrown <I>Lethe nicetella</I> de Nicéville, 1887 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from Kangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim, India</b>
Authors: Dewan Sailendra , Acharya Bhoj Kumar , Ghatani Sudeep 
Published: May 2018

This study reports the recent sighting of Small Woodbrown Lethe nicetella from Khangchendzonga National Park in West Sikkim District, India. It was originally described by de Nicéville (1887) based on the collection of males and one female by Otto Möller from Sikkim but the exact type locality was unknown. We also reviewed various historical and contemporary reports on the description and distribution of this species. We did not find any report of collection or sighting of the species from India after Elwes & Möller (1888). The occurrence of this species in Sikkim is mentioned in Haribal (1992) but it is not clear whether the report is based on sightings or historical records because sighting location is not given, indicating its description based on museum specimens. Hence, we conclude that the Small Woodbrown L. nicetella was sighted after a gap of around 120 years. Further, we have provided the first photographic records of a live individual of this species from India. Our finding indicates a possibility of existence of many cryptic taxa that should be explored using morphological and molecular approaches.
<b>Analysis of regurgitated pellets of Spotted Owlet <I>Athene brama</I> (Temminck, 1821) (Aves: Strigiformes: Strigidae) from Punjab, India</b>
Authors: Malhotra Renuka , Singla Neena 
Published: May 2018

The present study was conducted to determine the diet of Spotted Owlet Athene brama. Analysis of 200 regurgitated pellets collected from eight different locations in Punjab (India) determined average weight, length, breadth and thickness to be 1.0g, 27.0mm, 16.0mm and 12.0mm, respectively. Remains of a total 433 individual prey were found in these pellets. Diet of Spotted Owlet consisted of both vertebrates (45.7%) and invertebrates (54.3%). Among vertebrates, mice (45.0%) were predominant, followed by frogs (0.5%) and birds (0.2%). Among invertebrates, diet mainly consisted of insects (53.8%) followed by molluscs (0.5%). Insects preyed upon by Spotted Owlet were predominantly of orders Coleoptera (34.9%), followed by Orthoptera (10.2%), Dermaptera (7.9%) and some unidentified orders (0.9%). The remnants of insects and molluscs in the pellets comprised of wings, legs, head, shells etc. The average number of mice consumed per pellet was 1.32, with a maximum capacity of consuming up to five mice per night.
Homicide with post mortem dismemberment of the victim with previous amputation of right lower limb: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zerbo S , Lanzarone A , Procaccianti P , Ventura Spagnolo E , Argo A 
Published: May 2018

The dismemberment of a corpse is comparatively rare in forensic medicine and usually performed with different types of sharp tools. The victim is always the victim of a homicide. Dismemberment usually occurs where the killing took place without prior planning by the perpetrator. We report a case of homicide with post mortem mutilation of the victim’s body with previous amputation of right lower limb in which the perpetrator was not identified. At autopsy, several fractures were detected on the cranial vault, and the cause of death was due to skull and brain injuries from multiple blunt force traumas.
High Expression of FOXP3 mRNA in Blood and Urine as a Predictive Marker in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Barabadi Mehri , Shahbaz Sanaz Keshavarz , Foroughi Farshad , Hosseinzadeh Morteza , Nafar Mohsen , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Amirzargar Aliakbar 
Published: May 2018

Background: Diagnosis of allograft dysfunction by noninvasive biomarker tests is preferable to invasive allograft biopsies and has been extensively considered in recent years. This study aims to evaluate blood and urinary forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in renal transplant recipients in an attempt to determine whether differential diagnosis of graft dysfunction is feasible using mRNA profiles. Methods: We analyzed FOXP3 mRNA expression in paired urinary and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples. A total of 91 kidney transplant recipients enrolled in this study that were classified into 3 groups: biopsy-proven acute rejection (AR; n = 27), chronic allograft nephropathy (n = 19), and well-functioning graft (n = 45). The FOXP3 mRNA expression was quantified by TaqMan probe real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Acute rejection patients had a higher expression level of transcription factor FOXP3 compared to the chronic nephropathy and control groups. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves showed that rejection could be diagnosed with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity in urine, and 92% sensitivity and 86% specificity in PBMC samples using the optimal FOXP3 mRNA cutoff value. We subdivided the AR group into progressive and nonprogressive patients, which showed a significant difference in FOXP3 mRNA expression. This result confirmed the role of FOXP3 as a diagnostic marker in predicting transplantation outcomes. Conclusion: Our results suggested that elevated expression of FOXP3 in blood and urine samples from kidney transplant recipients could be a useful noninvasive biomarker to diagnose graft dysfunction.
Does the triceps-on approach affect alignment in total elbow arthroplasty? A cadaveric study
Authors: King Andrew , Evans Jonathan P , Booker Simon J , Beazley James CS , Jones Robin JS , Thomas William JC , Smith Christopher 
Published: May 2018

Background The triceps-on approach for total elbow arthroplasty has gained popularity due to the theoretical benefit of preserving the extensor mechanism. However, there is concern that the exposure may be reduced in comparison to a triceps-off approach and may affect the implant alignment achieved. Method Total elbow arthroplasties were implanted in 18 randomised, paired cadaveric elbows using the triceps-on or triceps-off approach. The bones were dissected out and the position of the implants measured relative to anatomical landmarks. The flexion/extension and varus/valgus angles, and the distance of centre of rotation from the anatomic centre of rotation in the sagittal plane for both components were obtained as well as the humeral component rotation relative to the transepicondylar axis. Results All humeral components were positioned in external rotation and all ulna components were placed in flexion. Seven components were positioned greater than 5° away from the ideal in one measurement, with no significant difference between the two approach groups. Discussion This unique study showed no significant difference in the alignment of the implants between the two approaches. These results support the theory that the triceps-on approach does not result in larger alignment errors in component positioning when performing total elbow arthroplasty.