bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphitic Carbon Materials for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Zheng‐Long , Park Jooha , Yoon Gabin , Kim Haegyeom , Kang Kisuk 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have dominated the energy storage market for more than two decades; however, the quest for lower‐cost battery alternatives is rapidly expanding, especially for large‐scale applications. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have recently experienced an impressive resurgence owing to the earth's abundance of sodium resources and the similar electrochemistry of SIBs and the well‐established LIBs. Nonetheless, whereas cost‐effective and reliable graphite anodes have served as a cornerstone in current LIB technology, one of the major limitations of SIBs has been the inability to exploit graphite as an electrode because of its negligible sodium storage capability. Recently, however, clear progress has been made in preparing high‐performance graphitic carbon anodes for SIBs with new findings on the mechanisms of sodium storage. Herein, this paper aims to review the progress made in understanding the sodium storage mechanisms in graphitic carbon materials and comprehensively summarize the start‐of‐the‐art achievements by surveying the correlations among the type of graphitic material, microstructure, sodium storage mechanisms, and electrochemical performance in SIBs. In addition, perspectives related to practical applications, including the electrolyte, coulombic efficiency, and applicability in sodium‐ion full cells, are also presented.
Ultrasound of flexor digitorum apparatus in acute and chronic pathology
Authors: Sirlyn Quanson , Bird Stephen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe flexor digitorum apparatus (FDA) of the finger consists of two flexor tendons located within their osteofibrous tunnel, reinforced by the pulley apparatus and the supporting volar plates. The FDA is essential for facilitating hand grasping functions, and pathology affecting the FDA can result in functional impairment of the hand. These injuries can be open or closed in nature and are commonly the sequelae of acute trauma or chronic overuse. This article includes an overview of the anatomy of the FDA, ultrasound scanning technique and common pathologies that sonographic assessment may encounter. The anatomy of the finger and its variants is complex, and an ultrasound can only be accurate if the operator possesses comprehensive knowledge of these structures.
Automatisierte Fertigung von Hohlprofilknoten für Jacket‐Gründungsstrukturen
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Rethmeier Michael , Schürmann Karsten , Pittner Andreas , Dänekas Christian , Schippereit Christian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDie Entwicklung in der Offshore‐Windenergie hin zu größeren, leistungsstärkeren Anlagentypen sowie die zeitgleich zunehmenden Wassertiefen der projektierten Windparks stellt u. a. Designer und Fertiger der Gründungsstrukturen der Windenergieanlagen vor wachsende Herausforderungen. Neben dem Gründungskonzept mittels XL‐Monopiles rückt auch die Jacketgründung wegen der Kombination aus dem vergleichsweise geringen Materialverbrauch bei gleichzeitig hoher Steifigkeit in den Fokus. Der Fertigungsaufwand der Jackets ist verglichen mit Monopiles groß, kann jedoch durch die Kombination aus Standardrohren mit automatisiert gefertigten Jacketknoten reduziert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich dieser Beitrag mit der Prozesskette der automatisierten Fertigung von Hohlprofilknoten inklusive der Digitalisierung relevanter Fertigungsparameter sowie der optischen Erfassung der Schweißnahtgeometrie durch einen Linienlaser. Des Weiteren wird eine Methodik zur Analyse der gescannten Schweißnahtgeometrie anhand von drei Referenzstellen eines X‐Knotens vorgestellt, mit der sowohl die Kerbradien als auch die Nahtanstiegswinkel bestimmt werden können. Abschließend werden die Geometrieparameter beim Ermüdungsnachweis nach dem Kerbspannungskonzept berücksichtigt und ihr Einfluss durch einen Vergleich mit dem Strukturspannungskonzept auf Basis äquivalenter Spannungskonzentrationsfaktoren quantifiziert.
Aeroelastic analysis of a floating offshore wind turbine in platform‐induced surge motion using a fully coupled CFD‐MBD method
Authors: Liu Yuanchuan , Xiao Qing , Incecik Atilla , Peyrard Christophe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractModern offshore wind turbines are susceptible to blade deformation because of their increased size and the recent trend of installing these turbines on floating platforms in deep sea. In this paper, an aeroelastic analysis tool for floating offshore wind turbines is presented by coupling a high‐fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver with a general purpose multibody dynamics code, which is capable of modelling flexible bodies based on the nonlinear beam theory. With the tool developed, we demonstrated its applications to the NREL 5 MW offshore wind turbine with aeroelastic blades. The impacts of blade flexibility and platform‐induced surge motion on wind turbine aerodynamics and structural responses are studied and illustrated by the CFD results of the flow field, force, and wake structure. Results are compared with data obtained from the engineering tool FAST v8.
Electroweak corrections in the 2HDM for neutral scalar Higgs-boson production through gluon fusion
Authors: Jenniches Laura , Sturm Christian , Uccirati Sandro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe have computed the two-loop, electroweak corrections to the production of a light and a heavy neutral, scalar Higgs-boson through the important gluon fusion process in the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model. We provide our results in various renormalization schemes for different scenarios and benchmark points, which will be valuable for experimental studies at the LHC. We describe the technicalities of our two-loop calculation and augment it by a phenomenological discussion. Our results are also applicable to the gluonic neutral, scalar Higgs-boson decays.
A novel two‐day intervention reduces stress in caregivers of persons with dementia
Authors: Spalding‐Wilson Kelsey N. , Guzmán‐Vélez Edmarie , Angelica Jade , Wiggs Kelsey , Savransky Anya , Tranel Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionCaregivers of individuals with dementia are at heightened risk for stress‐related mental and physical illnesses, and this problem is growing. There is a critical need to develop effective interventions for caregivers. This study tested whether a 2‐day intervention improved psychological health in caregivers of individuals with dementia.MethodsFamily caregivers (N = 104) were randomly assigned to a 2‐day intervention or wait‐list control group. The intervention uses techniques aimed at fostering self‐care for caregivers and improving communication between caregivers and individuals with dementia. Self‐reported caregiver burden, stress, anxiety, and depression were measured at 1, 3, and 6 months after intervention.ResultsMost participants (91.5%) completed the entire study. The intervention significantly reduced perceived stress for up to 6 months (Β = ‐2.84, t = ‐2.68, P = .008) and was considered by nearly all respondents to be helpful for managing challenging behaviors.DiscussionA low‐cost, brief intervention shows promise for producing lasting improvements in caregiver's psychological health.
The effects of combined oxytocin and cognitive behavioral social skills training on social cognition in schizophrenia
Authors: Strauss Gregory P. , Granholm Eric , Holden Jason L. , Ruiz Ivan , Gold James M. , Kelly Deanna L. , Buchanan Robert W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with schizophrenia have deficits in social cognition that are associated with poor functional outcome. Unfortunately, current treatments result in only modest improvement in social cognition. Oxytocin, a neuropeptide with pro-social effects, has significant benefits for social cognition in the general population. However, studies examining the efficacy of oxytocin in schizophrenia have yielded inconsistent results. One reason for inconsistency may be that oxytocin has typically not been combined with psychosocial interventions. It may be necessary for individuals with schizophrenia to receive concurrent psychosocial treatment while taking oxytocin to have the context needed to make gains in social cognitive skills.MethodsThe current study tested this hypothesis in a 24-week (48 session) double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that combined oxytocin and Cognitive-Behavioral Social Skills Training (CBSST), which included elements from Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT). Participants included 62 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia (placebo n = 31; oxytocin n = 31) who received 36 IU BID, with supervised administration 45 min prior to sessions on CBSST group therapy days. Participants completed a battery of measures administered at 0, 12, and 24 weeks that assessed social cognition.ResultsCBSST generally failed to enhance social cognition from baseline to end of study, and there was no additive benefit of oxytocin beyond the effects of CBSST alone.ConclusionsFindings suggest that combined CBSST and oxytocin had minimal benefit for social cognition, adding to the growing literature indicating null effects of oxytocin in multi-dose trials. Methodological and biological factors may contribute to inconsistent results across studies.
The mediating roles of functional limitations and social support on the relationship between vision impairment and depressive symptoms in older adults
Authors: Gong Xiuquan , Ni Zhao , Wu Bei 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVision impairment is prevalent and it is strongly associated with depressive symptoms in older adults. This study aimed to investigate the mediating roles of functional limitations and social support on the relationship between vision impairment and depressive symptoms in older adults. This study used data from a probability-based sample of 1,093 adults aged 60 and older in Shanghai, China. Structural equation models were used to examine the structural relationships among sets of variables simultaneously, including vision impairment, activities of daily living ADLs, instrumental ADLs (IADLs), friends support, family support, relatives support and depressive symptoms. The bootstrapping method and the program PRODCLIN were used to test the indirect effects of these variables. This study found that vision impairment was directly associated with a higher level of depressive symptoms, and the association was partially mediated by functional limitations (IADLs) and social support (friends support). The study demonstrates that improving social support from friends and enhancing social participation for visually impaired older adults can reduce depressive symptoms. More importantly, this study contributes to the knowledge of mediating mechanisms between vision impairment and depressive symptoms.
Assessing the impact of partial early retirement on self-perceived health, depression level and quality of life in Belgium: a longitudinal perspective using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)
Authors: Wels Jacques 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFor about 20 years, Belgium has successfully implemented working-time reduction policies for the older workforce. However, the impact of such policies on health has not been explored yet. Using longitudinal data from Waves 5 and 6 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (N = 1,498), the paper assesses whether working-time reduction in late career is associated with a change in self-perceived health, depression (EURO-D) and quality of life (CASP-12). For that purpose, ordered logit and ordinary least squares regressions are performed, using four different models for defining working-time reductions. Results show that people reducing working time with or without additional social benefits tend to have a poorer self-perceived health at follow-up compared with people keeping the same or increasing working time. By comparison, people moving to retirement are more likely to present a better self-perceived health, depression level and quality of life compared to people increasing or keeping the same working-time level. Although, introducing an interaction effect, the paper shows that the change in quality of life for respondents reducing working hours in addition to social benefits tends to be less negative for those who wished to retire early at baseline than for those who did not.
How to Use a Fundamental Discovery in Physics: The Early Days of Electron Diffraction
Authors: Navarro Jaume 
Published: September 2018

ArgumentThe discovery of electron diffraction by George Paget Thomson in Aberdeen and Clinton J. Davisson and Lester H. Germer at the Bell Labs has often been portrayed as an example of independent discovery. Neither team was particularly interested in the developments of the nascent quantum theory but they both ended up demonstrating one of the most striking experimental consequences of the new physics. This paper traces the aftermath of this discovery and the way electron diffraction immediately turned from empirical evidence of a highly novel theory into a technique for applied and technological research. Thomson was the first to design an “electron diffraction camera,” an instrument that soon found its place in laboratories around the world. I discuss the role played by Davisson and Germer, and by Thomson in the development of electron diffraction as a “research technology,” taking into account their specific institutional settings and research cultures. While Davisson and Germer remained in the industry-oriented Bell Labs, Thomson moved to Imperial College in 1930 where collaboration first, and competition later with George I. Finch was also relevant for the consolidation of an instrument that eventually became widely known as the “Finch Camera.”
“Electron Theory” and the Emergence of Atomic Physics in Japan
Authors: Ito Kenji 
Published: September 2018

ArgumentThis paper discusses one aspect of the context in which atomic physics developed in Japan between 1905 and 1931. It argues that during this period, there was a social context in which atomic physics was valued as a study of the electron and was thus relevant to electrical engineering. To demonstrate this, I first show that after the Russo-Japanese War, electrical engineering was deemed a valuable and viable field of research in Japan. Second, I show that physicists wrote textbooks and popular accounts about the electron, covering topics from both atomic physics and electrical engineering and presenting the former as relevant to the latter. Finally, as an example of how atomic physics partially emerged from this context, I discuss the group of Kujirai Tsunetarō, an electrical engineer who worked in the physics department of the Institute for Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN). From Kujirai's group, Nishina Yoshio started his career and became the most important Japanese atomic and nuclear physicist of the 1930s.
Evaluation of Pethoxamid-Containing Weed Control Programs in Drill-seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Godwin John , Norsworthy Jason K. , Scott Robert C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHerbicide resistance to several of the most common weed species in US rice production, such as barnyardgrass and red rice, has made weed control extremely difficult with available herbicide options. No very-long-chain fatty acid–inhibiting herbicides are labeled for use in US rice; however, pethoxamid is one such herbicide under development for soil-applied use to control grasses and small-seeded broadleaves in rice and various row crops. Field trials were conducted in 2015 and 2016 near Stuttgart, AR, for rice tolerance and in 2016 near Colt, AR, and Lonoke, AR, for weed control with the use of pethoxamid-containing rice herbicide programs. Pethoxamid was applied alone and in a program at 420 and 560 g ai ha–1 with other herbicides labeled in rice including clomazone, quinclorac, propanil, imazethapyr, and carfentrazone POST. Injury less than 10% was seen for all treatments 2 wk after application in 2015 and 2016, except for pethoxamid at 420 g ha–1 to clomazone to one-leaf rice. Rice injury dissipated to less than 5% following all treatments by 4 wk after flood establishment. Barnyardgrass was controlled 95% or more near Colt and 93% or more near Lonoke for herbicide programs including clomazone PRE followed by pethoxamid plus quinclorac or imazethapyr at three- to four-leaf stage rice. Considering the minimal injury and high levels of barnyardgrass control associated with pethoxamid-containing weed control programs, pethoxamid provides a unique and effective site of action for use in US rice production.
Urinary Phthalate Metabolites in Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) From Sarasota Bay, FL, USA
Authors: Hart Leslie B. , Beckingham Barbara , Wells Randall S. , Alten Flagg Moriah , Wischusen Kerry , Moors Amanda , Kucklick John , Pisarski Emily , Wirth Ed 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPhthalates are chemical additives to common consumer goods including cleaning products, cosmetics, personal care products, and plastic. Because they are not chemically bound to these products and are widely used, the potential for environmental contamination is significant. Phthalates and their metabolites have been associated with endocrine disruption and reproductive impairment, among other adverse health effects, in laboratory animals and human epidemiologic studies. Common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are vulnerable to environmental pollutants due to their apex position in the food chain, long life spans, and habitat overlap with developed coastal areas. The objective of this study was to quantify phthalate metabolite concentrations in urine collected from bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida, during May 2016 (n = 7) and May 2017 (n = 10). Screening of nine phthalate monoester metabolites in bottlenose dolphin urine was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using methods adapted from those used for analyzing human samples. At least one phthalate metabolite was detected in 71% of the dolphins sampled across both years, with the highest concentrations detected for monoethyl phthalate (MEP; GM = 5.4 ng/ml; 95%CI: 1.3–22.0 ng/ml) and mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP; GM = 1.9 ng/ml; 95%CI: 1.1–3.2 ng/ml). These data demonstrate exposure to two of the most commonly used phthalates in commercial manufacturing, diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). This study establishes methods for urinary detection of phthalate metabolites in marine mammals and provides baseline data to address a significant and growing, yet poorly understood, health threat to marine wildlife.
The Influence of Wind and Waves on Spreading and Mixing in the Fraser River Plume
Authors: Kastner Samuel E. , Horner‐Devine Alexander R. , Thomson Jim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study uses drifter‐based observations to investigate the role of wind and waves on spreading and mixing in the Fraser River plume. Local winter wind patterns commonly result in two distinct forcing conditions, moderate winds from the southeast (SE) and strong winds from the northwest (NW). We examine how these patterns influence the spreading and mixing dynamics of the plume. Under SE winds, the plume thins, spreads, and turns to the right (north) upon exiting the river mouth. Mixing is initially intense in the region of maximum spreading, but it is short‐lived. Under NW winds, which oppose the rightward tendency of the plume, the plume remains thicker, narrower, and flows directly across the Strait with a lateral front on its northern side. Mixing is initially lower than under SE forcing but persists further across the Strait. A Lagrangian stream‐normal momentum balance shows that wind and interfacial stress under NW conditions compress the sea surface height anomaly formed by the river discharge and guide the flow across the Strait. This reconfiguration changes spreading and mixing dynamics of the plume; plume spreading, which drives intense mixing under SE winds, is shut down under NW winds, and mixing rates are consequently much lower. Despite the initially lower mixing rates, the region of active mixing extends further under NW winds, resulting in higher net mixing. These results highlight that the wind, which is often a primary cause of increased plume mixing, can also significantly influence mixing by changing the geometry of the plume.
A comparison of genome cohort participants’ genetic knowledge and preferences to receive genetic results before and after a genetics workshop
Authors: Yamamoto Kayono , Shimizu Atsushi , Aizawa Fumie , Kawame Hiroshi , Tokutomi Tomoharu , Fukushima Akimune 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeveral biobanks have begun returning genetic results to individuals, making the development of public genetic literacy an urgent task for their effective use. No research exists regarding the effects of genetic education on biobank participants, so we conducted genetics workshops with specialists, and surveyed differences in the participants’ (n = 112) preferences to receive their own genetic information by disease categories and their genetic knowledge using questionnaires before and after the workshops. Almost 90% of our participants were over 60 years old, which was similar to our previous preference research. The preference to receive five of the six categories of genetic information (lifestyle diseases, pharmacogenetics, adult-onset non-clinically actionable diseases, non-clinically actionable multifactorial diseases, and all genetic information) was slightly but significantly decreased after the genetics workshop. More participants preferred to receive genetic results regarding lifestyle diseases, pharmacogenetics, and adult-onset clinically actionable diseases after the workshop, while less participants preferred to receive information regarding adult-onset non-clinically actionable diseases, non-clinically actionable multifactorial diseases, and all genetic information. Total genetic knowledge scores significantly increased after the workshop (before: 11.89, after: 13.30, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that genetics workshops are useful to improve the genetic literacy of genome cohort participants.
Reviving the Weizmann process for commercial n-butanol production
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc-Phuong-Thao , Raynaud Céline , Meynial-Salles Isabelle , Soucaille Philippe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDeveloping a commercial process for the biological production of n-butanol is challenging as it needs to combine high titer, yield, and productivities. Here we engineer Clostridium acetobutylicum to stably and continuously produce n-butanol on a mineral media with glucose as sole carbon source. We further design a continuous process for fermentation of high concentration glucose syrup using in situ extraction of alcohols by distillation under low pressure and high cell density cultures to increase the titer, yield, and productivity of n-butanol production to the level of 550 g/L, 0.35 g/g, and 14 g/L/hr, respectively. This process provides a mean to produce n-butanol at performance levels comparable to that of corn wet milling ethanol plants using yeast as a biocatalyst. It may hold the potential to be scaled-up at pilot and industrial levels for the commercial production of n-butanol.