bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of switching rule on motor learning
Authors: Ishii Kotaro , Hayashi Takuji , Takiyama Ken 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHumans and animals can flexibly switch rules to generate the appropriate response to the same sensory stimulus, e.g., we kick a soccer ball toward a friend on our team, but we kick the ball away from a friend who is traded to an opposing team. Most motor learning experiments have relied on a fixed rule; therefore, the effects of switching rules on motor learning are unclear. Here, we study the availability of motor learning effects when a rule in the training phase is different from a rule in the probe phase. Our results suggest that switching a rule causes partial rather than perfect availability. To understand the neural mechanisms inherent in our results, we verify that a computational model can explain our experimental results when each neural unit has different activities, but the total population activity is the same in the same planned movement with different rules. Thus, we conclude that switching rules causes modulations in individual neural activities under the same population activity, resulting in a partial transfer of learning effects for the same planned movements. Our results indicate that sports training and rehabilitation should include various situations even when the same motions are required.
Automatic analysis algorithm for acquiring standard dental and mandibular shape data using cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Hwang Jae Joon , Han Sang-Sun , Lee Chena , Jung Yun-Hoa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study aims to introduce a new algorithm developed using retrospective cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data to obtain a standard dental and mandibular arch shape automatically for an optimal panoramic focal trough. A custom-made program was developed to analyze each arch shape of randomly collected 30 CBCT images. First, volumetric data of the mandible were binarized and projected in the axial direction to obtain 2-dimensional arch images. Second, 30 patients’ mandibular arches were superimposed on the center of the bilateral distal contact points of the mandibular canines to generate an average arch shape. Third, the center and boundary of a panoramic focal trough were obtained using smoothing splines. As a result, the minimum thickness and transition of the focal trough could be obtained. If this new algorithm is applied to big data of retrospective CBCT images, standard focal troughs could be established by race, sex, and age group, which would improve the image quality of dental panoramic radiography.
Big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) successfully navigate through clutter after exposure to intense band-limited sound
Authors: Simmons Andrea Megela , Ertman Alexandra , Hom Kelsey N. , Simmons James A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEcholocating big brown bats fly, orient, forage, and roost in cluttered acoustic environments in which aggregate sound pressure levels can be as intense as 100 to 140 dB SPL, levels that would impair auditory perception in other terrestrial mammals. We showed previously that bats exposed to intense wide-band sound (116 dB SPL) can navigate successfully through dense acoustic clutter. Here, we extend these results by quantifying performance of bats navigating through a cluttered scene after exposure to intense band-limited sounds (bandwidths 5–25 kHz, 123 dB SPL). Behavioral performance was not significantly affected by prior sound exposure, with the exception of one bat after exposure to one sound. Even in this outlying case, performance recovered rapidly, by 10 min post-exposure. Temporal patterning of biosonar emissions during successful flights showed that bats maintained their individual strategies for navigating through the cluttered scene before and after exposures. In unsuccessful flights, interpulse intervals were skewed towards shorter values, suggesting a shift in strategy for solving the task rather than a hearing impairment. Results confirm previous findings that big brown bats are not as susceptible to noise-induced perceptual impairments as are other terrestrial mammals exposed to sounds of similar intensity and bandwidth.
Characteristics of Cadmium Sorption by Heat-Activated Red Mud in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yang Tianxue , Sheng Lianxi , Wang Yongfeng , Wyckoff Kristen N. , He Chunguang , He Qiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRed mud as a waste material is produced in large quantities by the aluminum industry. Heat activation has been used to enhance sorption capacity of red mud for its beneficial reuse as an effective sorbent. In this study, heat-activated red mud (HARM) was investigated for its Cd(II) sorption capacity under various process conditions (Cd concentration, pH and contact time) using response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis with RSM identified pH as the most important process parameter. The positive correlation between higher pH and greater Cd(II) sorption was likely due to: (i) decreased proton competition with Cd(II) for sorption sites at higher pH; (ii) enhanced sorption via ion exchange by monovalent Cd species from hydrolysis at higher pH; and (iii) improved thermodynamics of sorption at higher pH as protons are being released as products. Further analysis indicated the sorption process was thermodynamically favorable with a negative change in Gibbs free energy. Additionally, the sorption process exhibited a positive change in enthalpy, indicative of endothermic nature of sorption; this is consistent with sorption increase at higher temperature. These findings provide needed insight into the mechanisms underlying Cd(II) sorption by HARM for more effective applications of heat-activated red mud as sorbents for Cd(II) removal.
Marine microbial metagenomes sampled across space and time
Authors: Biller Steven J. , Berube Paul M. , Dooley Keven , Williams Madeline , Satinsky Brandon M. , Hackl Thomas , Hogle Shane L. , Coe Allison , Bergauer Kristin , Bouman Heather A. , Browning Thomas J. , De Corte Daniele , Hassler Christel , Hulston Debbie , Jacquot Jeremy E. , Maas Elizabeth W. , Reinthaler Thomas , Sintes Eva , Yokokawa Taichi , Chisholm Sallie W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent advances in understanding the ecology of marine systems have been greatly facilitated by the growing availability of metagenomic data, which provide information on the identity, diversity and functional potential of the microbial community in a particular place and time. Here we present a dataset comprising over 5 terabases of metagenomic data from 610 samples spanning diverse regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. One set of metagenomes, collected on GEOTRACES cruises, captures large geographic transects at multiple depths per station. The second set represents two years of time-series data, collected at roughly monthly intervals from 3 depths at two long-term ocean sampling sites, Station ALOHA and BATS. These metagenomes contain genomic information from a diverse range of bacteria, archaea, eukaryotes and viruses. The data’s utility is strengthened by the availability of extensive physical, chemical, and biological measurements associated with each sample. We expect that these metagenomes will facilitate a wide range of comparative studies that seek to illuminate new aspects of marine microbial ecosystems.
A new dataset of computed-tomography angiography images for computer-aided detection of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Masoudi Mojtaba , Pourreza Hamid-Reza , Saadatmand-Tarzjan Mahdi , Eftekhari Noushin , Zargar Fateme Shafiee , Rad Masoud Pezeshki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe lack of publicly available datasets of computed-tomography angiography (CTA) images for pulmonary embolism (PE) is a problem felt by physicians and researchers. Although a number of computer-aided detection (CAD) systems have been developed for PE diagnosis, their performance is often evaluated using private datasets. In this paper, we introduce a new public dataset called FUMPE (standing for Ferdowsi University of Mashhad's PE dataset) which consists of three-dimensional PE-CTA images of 35 different subjects with 8792 slices in total. For each benchmark image, two expert radiologists provided the ground-truth with the assistance of a semi-automated image processing software tool. FUMPE is a challenging benchmark for CAD methods because of the large number (i.e., 3438) of PE regions and, more especially, because of the location of most of them (i.e., 67%) in lung peripheral arteries. Moreover, due to the reporting of the Qanadli score for each PE-CTA image, FUMPE is the first public dataset which can be used for the analysis of mortality and morbidity risks associated with PE. We also report some complementary prognosis information for each subject.
Structure and kinematics of Type II Cepheids in the Galactic bulge based on near-infrared VVV data
Authors: Braga V. F. , Bhardwaj A. , Contreras Ramos R. , Minniti D. , Bono G. , de Grijs R. , Minniti J. H. , Rejkuba M. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Type II Cepheids (T2Cs) are radially pulsating variables that trace old stellar populations and provide distance estimates through their period-luminosity (PL) relation.
Aims. We trace the structure of old stellar population in the Galactic bulge using new distance estimates and kinematic properties of T2Cs.
Methods. We present new near-infrared photometry of T2Cs in the bulge from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea survey (VVV). We provide the largest sample (894 stars) of T2Cs with JHKs observations that have accurate periods from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) catalog. Our analysis makes use of the Ks-band time-series observations to estimate mean magnitudes and individual distances by means of the PL relation. To constrain the kinematic properties of our targets, we complement our analysis with proper motions based on both the VVV and Gaia Data Release 2.
Results. We derive an empirical Ks-band PL relation that depends on Galactic longitude and latitude: Ks0 = (10.66 ± 0.02) − (2.21 ± 0.03)·(log P−1.2)−(0.020±0.003)·l+(0.050±0.008)·|b| mag; individual extinction corrections are based on a 3D reddening map. Our targets display a centrally concentrated distribution, with solid evidence of ellipsoidal symmetry – similar to the RR Lyræ ellipsoid – and a few halo outliers up to ≳100 kpc. We obtain a distance from the Galactic center of R0 = 8.46 ± 0.03(stat.) ± 0.11(syst.) kpc. We also find evidence that the bulge T2Cs belong to a kinematically hot population, as the tangential velocity components (συl∗ = 104.2 ± 3.0kms−1 and συb = 96.8 ± 5.5kms−1) agree within 1.2σ. Moreover, the difference between absolute and relative proper motion is in good agreement with the proper motion of Sgr A✻ from VLBA measures.
Conclusions. We conclude that bulge T2Cs display an ellipsoidal spatial distribution and have kinematics similar to RR Lyræ stars, which are other tracers of the old, low-mass stellar population. T2Cs also provide an estimate of R0 that agrees excellently well with the literature, taking account of the reddening law.
Na2CO3-Catalyzed N-Acylation of Indoles with Alkenyl Carboxylates
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Yu , Chen Xia 
Published: September 2018

The N-acylation of indoles has been accomplished via inorganic base catalysis. It provided an efficient and simple catalysis system for the preparation of N-acylindoles with alkenyl carboxylates as acylating agents. A broad variety of indoles undergo the smooth N-acylation using Na2CO3 as catalyst in MeCN at 120 °C to give the corresponding N-acylindoles in good to excellent yields.
Appendiceal Neoplasms
Authors: Hatch Quinton , Gilbert Erin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAppendiceal neoplasms are identified in 0.9 to 1.4% of appendiceal specimens, and the incidence is increasing. It has long been professed that neuroendocrine tumors (formerly carcinoids) are the most common neoplastic process of the appendix; recent data, however, has suggested a shift in epidemiology. Our intent is to distill the complex into an algorithm, and, in doing so, enable the surgeon to seamlessly maneuver through operative decisions, treatment strategies, and patient counseling. The algorithm for evaluation and treatment is complex, often starts from the nonspecific presenting complaint of appendicitis, and relies heavily on often subtle histopathologic differences.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Distal Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Kelley Katherine , Byrne Raphael , Lu Kim 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare in occurrence, but comprise the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and affect between 15 and 20 individuals per million per year. Due to recent advancements in molecular classification of these tumors, medical therapy has provided improved outcomes to a historically surgically managed disease. This review article briefly discusses the molecular characteristics, medical and surgical therapies, and future of GIST management.
Use of Plasma with High Levels of lonised Calcium in the Production of Model Scale Goagulation Factor Concentrates
Authors: Farrugia A , Douglas S , James J , Whyte G , Herrington R 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWe have attempted to exploit the Ca2+ -dependent stability of factor VIII in producing factor VIII concentrates of higher yield. Plasma levels of ionised calcium were increased in two ways: (a) whole blood collection into half-strength citrate CPD anticoagulant, leading to free Ca2+ levels of ca 120 µM and (b) apheresis collection of plasma which was then recalcified to free Ca2+ levels
of ca 300 µM under heparin cover. Coagulation factor concentrates were prepared using model versions of our industrial scale manufacturing methods. Factor VIII yield was increased through low citrate collection. This did not compromise factor IX yield or thrombogenic potential. Use of recalcified heparinised plasma did not lead to any improvement in factor VIII yield and resulted in a marked drop in factor IX recovery, possibly from interference by
heparin of factor IX binding in ion-exchange chromatography. The benefits accruable through the use of half-strength citrate CPD anticoagulant support the continued evaluation of this preservative in large scale blood collection and fractionation. The deleterious effects of heparin in charge-mediated plasma fractionations may pose serious difficulties in harvesting vitamin K dependent factors.
Induction of Synthesis of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 byTissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Human Hepatic and Endothelial Cells
Authors: Fujii Satoshi , Lucore Charles L , Hopkins William E , Billadello Joseph J , Sobel Burton E 
Published: September 2018

SummaryPlasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) can modify fibrinolytic activity in vitro and in vivo. The present study was performed to determine whether pharmacologic concentrations of tissue-typeplasminogen activator (t-PA) can initiate negative feedback by stimulating PAI-1 synthesis. In both human hepatoma cells (Hep G2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), t-PA increased the total concentrations and appearance of newly synthesized protein inconditioned media of free PAI-1 and PAI-1 complexed with t-PA in a dose and time dependent fashion judging from results after immunoprecipi-tation of metabolically labeled PAI-1. The t-PA effect was not attributable simply to release of stored or matrix-bound PAI-1. In HUVEC, Northern blot analyses indicated that t-PA increased steady-state levels of PAI-1 mRNA two-fold. In contrast PAI-1 mRNA expression was not increased in Hep G2 cells. Thus, mechanisms of stimulation appeared to differ in the two cell lines. The results obtained are consistent with the hypothesis that increased PAI-1 synthesis and secretion in response to t-PA may limit or attenuate fibrinolysis locally or systemically in vivo.
DX-9065a, an Orally Active, Specific Inhibitor of Factor Xa, Inhibits Thrombosis without Affecting Bleeding Time in Rats
Authors: Hara Tsuyoshi , Yokoyama Asako , Tanabe Kiyoshi , Ishihara Hiroaki , Iwamoto Masahiro 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWe evaluated the antithrombotic effects of DX-9065a, a specific factor Xa inhibitor, using tissue thromboplastin-induced DIC (TP-DIC) and the arterio-venous shunt (AV shunt) in rats. Intravenous TP injection reduced the platelet counts and fibrinogen concentrations in blood. In the TP-DIC model, an intravenous dose of DX-9065a 0.23 mg/kg 1 min before TP injection suppressed the consumption of platelets and fibrinogen to 57% and 66%, respectively, and the production of FDP almost completely. In the AV shunt model, DX-9065a inhibited thrombus formation to 51% on intravenous administration of 0.23 mg/kg and to 60% when given orally at 23.3 mg/kg. Intravenous administration of 2.33 mg/kg of DX-9065a did not affect the bleeding time. These results suggest that Xa inhibition may be an appropriate approach for suppressing thrombosis without impairing haemostasis.
Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Emerson , Vaccaro Gina 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSmall bowel adenocarcinoma is a clinically and anatomically distinct gastrointestinal cancer that lacks prospective data to support its optimal management. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and inherited conditions that cause gastrointestinal polyps are at especially high risk. Due to a lack of effective surveillance programs resulting in missed or delayed diagnoses only when symptoms develop, this disease is generally discovered at an advanced stage. Surgical resection is the only treatment modality with a chance of cure. Currently accepted treatment considerations are often generalized from large bowel and pancreatic–biliary cancers, due to some anatomic and clinical parallels. Additional research, however, is desperately needed to characterize the unique molecular differences of this disease to better prognosticate patients and establish rational clinical trials that would improve their outcomes.
Dynamic amplification of extreme precipitation sensitivity
Authors: Nie Ji , Sobel Adam H. , Shaevitz Daniel A. , Wang Shuguang 
Published: September 2018

Significance

Changes in precipitation extremes under climate change are subject to substantial uncertainty. Atmospheric moisture increases alone would make extreme rain events heavier at a well-understood rate of

∼
7
%

K

−
1

, but a component associated with storm dynamics is much less well-understood and can either amplify or reduce that moisture-driven intensification. This paper uses an idealized modeling framework to understand the coupling of these two components, simulating one actual heavy rain event in both the present climate and hypothetical perturbed climates. The increased heating due to increased moisture drives a dynamical increase in large-scale ascent, amplifying the moisture-driven response by as much as a factor of two for warmer climates.
Cancer-driving H3G34V/R/D mutations block H3K36 methylation and H3K36me3–MutSα interaction
Authors: Fang Jun , Huang Yaping , Mao Guogen , Yang Shuang , Rennert Gadi , Gu Liya , Li Haitao , Li Guo-Min 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Somatic mutations converting glycine 34 of histone H3 (H3G34) to a large side chain-containing residue (e.g., arginine, valine) cause pediatric gliomas; however, the mechanism of this is unknown. Because H3K36me3 is involved in mismatch repair (MMR) by recruiting MMR protein MutSα to chromatin, we hypothesized that H3G34R/V mutations block H3K36’s interactions with both MutSα and H3K36-specific methyltransferases, leading to MMR deficiency. We show here that this is indeed the case. Structural analysis revealed that H3G34 resides in a narrow substrate channel of the H3K36 trimethyltransferase SETD2. Thus, H3G34R/V mutations impair the catalytic activity of SETD2. H3G34R/V mutations also block the H3K36me3–MutSα interaction. Cells harboring H3G34R/V mutations display a mutator phenotype. This study reveals the molecular basis of how H3G34 mutations cause pediatric gliomas.
Infrastructure to enable deployment of carbon capture, utilization, and storage in the United States
Authors: Edwards Ryan W. J. , Celia Michael A. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a crucial technology needed to limit warming to the 2 °C target of the Paris Agreement. However, deployment is lagging far behind estimates of what is required. We demonstrate an opportunity to significantly expand CCUS in the United States in the near-term, spurred by new financial incentives enacted in February 2018, by targeting the lowest-cost capture opportunities and by deploying only commercially proven technologies. The carbon dioxide pipeline transport network would serve near-term oil industry demand for carbon dioxide while also connecting multiple prospective long-term dedicated geological storage resources. This would be a flexible long-term infrastructure asset for carbon management in the United States that would enable and accelerate future CCUS deployment.
Generating functions for 𝐾-theoretic Donaldson invariants and Le Potier’s strange duality
Authors: Göttsche Lothar , Yuan Yao 
Published: September 2018

For a projective algebraic surface

X
X

with an ample line bundle

H
H

, let

M
H
X

(
c
)

M_H^X(c)

be the moduli space

H
H

-semistable sheaves

E

\mathcal {E}

of class

c
c

in the Grothendieck group

K
(
X
)

K(X)

. We write

c
=
(
r
,

c
1

,

c
2

)

c=(r,c_1,c_2)

or

c
=
(
r
,

c
1

,
χ
)

c=(r,c_1,\chi )

with

r
r

the rank,

c
1

,

c
2

c_1,c_2

the Chern classes, and

χ
\chi

the holomorphic Euler characteristic. We also write

M
H
X

(
2
,

c
1

,

c
2

)
=

M
X
X

(

c
1

,
d
)

M_H^X(2,c_1,c_2)=M_X^X(c_1,d)

, with

d
=
4

c
2

−

c
1
2

d=4c_2-c_1^2

. The

K
K

-theoretic Donaldson invariants are the holomorphic Euler characteristics

χ
(

M
H
X

(

c
1

,
d
)
,
μ
(
L
)
)

\chi (M_H^X(c_1,d),\mu (L))

, where

μ
(
L
)

\mu (L)

is the determinant line bundle associated to a line bundle on

X
X

. More generally for suitable classes

c
∗

∈
K
(
X
)

c^*\in K(X)

there is a determinant line bundle

D

c
,

c
∗

\mathcal {D}_{c,c^*}

on

M
H
X

(
c
)

M^X_H(c)

. We first compute some generating functions for

K
K

-theoretic Donaldson invariants on

P

2

\mathbb {P}^2

and rational ruled surfaces, using the wallcrossing formula of [Pure Appl. Math. Q. 5 (2009), pp. 1029–1111].

Then we show that Le Potier’s strange duality conjecture relating

H
0

(

M
H
X

(
c
)
,

D

c
,

c
∗

)

H^0(M^X_H(c),\mathcal {D}_{c,c^*})

and

H
0

(

M
H
X

(

c
∗

)
,

D

c
∗

,
c

)

H^0(M^X_H(c^*),\mathcal {D}_{c^*,c})

holds for the cases

c
=
(
2
,

c
1

=
0
,

c
2

>
2
)

c=(2,c_1=0,c_2>2)

and

c

∗

=
(
0
,
L
,
χ
=
0
)

c^{*}=(0,L,\chi =0)

with

L
=
−

K
X

L=-K_X

on

P

2

\mathbb {P}^2

, and

L
=
−

K
X

L=-K_X

or

−

K
X

+
F

-K_X+F

on

P

1

×

P

1

\mathbb {P}^1\times \mathbb {P}^1

and

P

2

^

\widehat {\mathbb {P}^2}

with

F
F

the fibre class of the ruling, and also the case

c
=
(
2
,
H
,

c
2

)

c=(2,H,c_2)

and

c
∗

=
(
0
,
2
H
,
χ
=
−
1
)

c^*=(0,2H,\chi =-1)

on

P

2

\mathbb {P}^2

.