bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single particle dark-field spectroscopy of spherical dimers with down to sub-10 nm gaps fabricated by the annealing of nano-pillars
Authors: Dickreuter Simon , Kern Dieter P. , Fleischer Monika 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In this paper we present a method for the fabrication of plasmonic spherical dimers and oligomers with narrow gaps and tunable distances. High-aspect-ratio nano-pillars are created by the two-step evaporation of gold on structured substrates. By using electron beam lithography, it is possible to control the close spacing of the pillars. Rapid thermal annealing causes the pillars to adopt a spherical shape. Since by melting the spheres gain in diameter compared to the initial nano-pillars, the distance between two adjacent spheres can be reduced to below 10 nm. Dimers with different distances were fabricated and optically characterized by single particle dark-field spectroscopy. The characteristic red-shift of the longitudinal mode due to stronger coupling for smaller distances could be clearly observed and follows a general scaling behavior.
Preparation and characterization of AKD sizing agent by “one-pot cooking”
Authors: Huang Lian Qing , Song Xiao Ming , Cui Lu Qing , Gao Shan Shan , Chen Fu Shan , Wang Song Lin , Liu Jing Lin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Alkyl ketone dimer (AKD) is a reactive sizing agent commonly used in neutral or alkaline papermaking. Most traditional methods consist in preparing the AKD emulsion and then adding it to a starch solution. In this study, the preparation process of the AKD sizing liquid was improved and optimized. A novel preparation method of the AKD sizing agent was proposed. The effects of different reaction parameters, such as temperature, time, stirring speed, emulsifier dosage and solid content were investigated. The optimum conditions for preparing the AKD sizing agent were determined, and the sizing liquid was characterized. It was found that the water resistance of the coated paper was the highest when the reaction was carried out at 75 °C for 20 min, at a stirring speed of 700 r/min, with the emulsifier dosage of 9 % and solids content of 15 %.
Blended Learning Opportunities in Ukrainian IT Public Education
Authors: Szimkovics Tamás 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Based on previous surveys the usage of ICT and blended learning is at a low level in Ukraine. To catch up with the European average, it is important to familiarize the students and teachers with blended learning in the secondary school. The information technology classes provide the best opportunity to introduce the blended learning, because they are well equipped with computing devices. This choice is positively affected by the new Ukrainian IT curriculum. The aim of this paper is to introduce the available options for blended learning in Ukrainian secondary IT education. By examining the curriculum, the possibilities of using the online space in the educational process has been determined. The blended learning methodology has been tried in practice as well.
Musical and Language Proficiency of Students Majoring in Singing
Authors: Bocsi Veronika , Ujvarosi Andrea 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The aim of our study is to give an overview about language and musical skills of students in musical traning courses and we try to outline the effects of the sociocultural background in these fields. We would like to show the main patterns of language proficiency (the number of langugages they speak and levels of the language skills) and we also analyse the efficiency of language learning. The institutional language courses and the practices of interpretation in the original language will be analysed as well. Our questionnare was used in this analysis in the spring of 2017. Students from six higher educational institutions were the respondents. The number of the respondents was 90 and from the answers a database was created with the help of SPSS 19 Programme. Percents, means and chi-square statistics were used. We have verified our hypothesis which refers to the effects of students’ sociocultural background because these variables (parental education, economic capital, type of the settlement) have formed the chances and forms of the music learning (e.g. the starting date of learning music) and language skills. If we analyse the patterns of the language proficiency the central position of the English is obvious, but this pattern is not in line with the expectations of singing in the original language because the main body of vocal literature is composed in Italian, French, Russian and German. In our opinion this gap should be covered by the institutions as well and these requirements should be incorporated in the curricula.
Application of a xanthene dye, eosin Y, as spectroscopic probe in chemical and pharmaceutical analysis; a review
Authors: Derayea Sayed M. , Nagy Dalia M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEosin Y (EY) is an acidic xanthene dye which is mainly used in food stuff and biological staining. Various analytical methods have been reported for the utility of this dye in the quantitative determination of several pharmaceutical compounds, heavy metals in addition to some surfactants and proteins. Most of the applied methods were based on the formation of association complexes between eosin Y and the target analytes in buffered aqueous solutions. The present article represents a comprehensive review for the use of eosin Y as a probe in analytical chemistry.
Multi-locus data distinguishes between population growth and multiple merger coalescents
Authors: Koskela Jere 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe introduce a low dimensional function of the site frequency spectrum that is tailor-made for distinguishing coalescent models with multiple mergers from Kingman coalescent models with population growth, and use this function to construct a hypothesis test between these model classes. The null and alternative sampling distributions of the statistic are intractable, but its low dimensionality renders them amenable to Monte Carlo estimation. We construct kernel density estimates of the sampling distributions based on simulated data, and show that the resulting hypothesis test dramatically improves on the statistical power of a current state-of-the-art method. A key reason for this improvement is the use of multi-locus data, in particular averaging observed site frequency spectra across unlinked loci to reduce sampling variance. We also demonstrate the robustness of our method to nuisance and tuning parameters. Finally we show that the same kernel density estimates can be used to conduct parameter estimation, and argue that our method is readily generalisable for applications in model selection, parameter inference and experimental design.
Negociación de posicionamientos sociales (stances) a través del debilitamiento del fonema /s/ en el español hablado por los quichuas ecuatorianos en Cali (Colombia)
Authors: Moreano Santiago Sánchez 
Published: June 2018

Resumen
Los quichuas ecuatorianos en Cali (Colombia) conforman un grupo transnacional sociopolíticamente organizado. En situación de contacto asimétrico con respecto a la población mayoritaria, han desarrollado diversas estrategias de adaptación al medio urbano. Una de ellas, sociolingüística y pragmática, es la apropiación y uso del debilitamiento del fonema /s/, una de las características fonéticas e identitarias más relevantes del español de Cali. Este rasgo fonético no se observa en el español andino ecuatoriano que hablan originalmente los quichuas. Sin embargo, la situación de contacto asimétrico en la que ellos están inmersos en Cali hace que la apropiación y uso del debilitamiento del fonema /s/ adquiera un valor socio-pragmático que les permite negociar posicionamientos sociales o stances en la interacción.
Mn-bearing eleonorite from Hagendorf South pegmatite, Germany: crystal structure and crystal-chemical relationships with other beraunite-type phosphates
Authors: Aksenov Sergey M. , Chukanov Nikita V. , Göttlicher Jörg , Hochleitner Rupert , Zarubina Ekaterina S. , Rastsvetaeva Ramiza K. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Mn2+-bearing eleonorite from the Hagendorf South pegmatite situated south of Waidhaus, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany was study based on single crystal X-ray analysis, Mn and Fe K-edge XANES spectroscopy, as well as IR spectroscopy. According to spectroscopic data, all Mn is bivalent, and all Fe is trivalent. The empirical formula of the mineral is (Mn2+
0.58Zn0.13Mg0.04 Fe3+
5.24)Σ5.98(PO4)4(H2O,OH,O)11. The monoclinic unit-cell parameters are: a=20.832(3) Å, b=5.1569(3) Å, c=19.200(2) Å, β=93.01(1)°; space group C2/c. The structure was refined to R
1=5.20% in anisotropic approximation using 1994 reflections with I>3σ(I). Despite in most beraunite-group minerals M1-site demonstrates selective accumulation of bivalent cations, in Mn-bearing eleonorite Mn2+-cations are disordered between octahedral sites without statistical predominance anywhere; all octahedral M(1–4)-sites are predominantly occupied by Fe3+. M1-site is half-occupied by Fe3+ and contains subordinate Mn2+ and minor Zn2+ and Mg2+. Based on the new data we suppose that Mn-bearing eleonorite was formed as a secondary phase as a result of oxidation of a primary Mn-bearing beraunite-group mineral in with Mn2+ was initially distributed between different M sites.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, XCII. Synthese und Reaktionen von Orthoamiden aus ethinylierten Terpenderivatena
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Mezger Jochen , Kreß Ralf , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

β-Ionone and camphor were ethynylated to give the alkynols 14, 16, 17 which can be transformed to the alkynolethers 5b, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5l, 5m by treatment with dimethylsulfate and chlorotrimethylsilane, respectively. From the alkynolethers 5h, 5i, 5j/5k, 5l/5m the orthoamide derivatives 4h, 4i, 4j/4k, 4l/4m can be prepared by treatment with N,N,N′,N′,N″,N″-hexamethylguanidinium chloride (8) in the presence of sodium hydride. The orthoamides 4h, 4i react with the sulfonamide 30 under condensation yielding the N-sulfonylated acrylamidines 31, 32. From the orthoamide 4h and p-nitroaniline the propiolamidine 29 could be obtained. The orthoamides 4j/4k and 4l/4m, react with benzamidine to give the pyrimidines 33, 34, respectively. In the reaction of malonodinitrile (9a) with the orthoamides 4i and 4j/4k, mixtures of 1,1-diamino-1,3-butadienes 36, 38 and 1,3-diamino-1,3-butadienes 37 and 39 are produced, respectively. From CH2-acidic compounds as ethylcyanacetate (9b), diethyl-malonate (9c) and nitromethane (9d) and the orthoamide 4i the 1,1-diamino-1,3-butadienes 36b–d were produced. The pyridone derivative 40 can be prepared from cyanoacetamide (9e) and the orthoamide 4i. The condensation of the orthoamides 4j/4k with cyanoacetamide (9e) affords a mixture of the pyrimidone 41 and the nicotinonitrile 42.
Synthesis of InP/ZnS Nanocrystals and Phase Transfer by Hydrolysis of Ester
Authors: Lübkemann Franziska , Gusenburger Timo C. , Hinrichs Dominik , Himstedt Rasmus , Dorfs Dirk , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The synthesis of highly luminescent non-toxic nanocrystals (NCs) and the subsequent phase transfer to aqueous solution by hydrolysis of the crystal-bound ester are presented. Therefore, the synthesis of the spherical semiconductor system InP/ZnS was modified by changing the sulfur precursor in the synthesis from 1-dodecanethiol to dodecyl 3-mercaptopropionate (D3MP). By employing D3MP both as sulfur precursor for the ZnS shell growth and as stabilizing ligand, the phase transfer from organic to aqueous solution can be performed easily. Instead of the usually employed ligand exchange with mercaptopropionic acid, the NCs are only shaken with a sodium borate buffer in order to obtain aqueous soluble NCs by hydrolysis of the ester. In future work, the NCs must be protected against aggregation and the long term stability has to be increased. The optical properties of the samples are investigated by UV/Vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and the morphology of the nanoparticles (NPs) before and after phase transfer is determined by transmission electron microscopy.
Durability Properties of Pavement Quality Concrete Containing Fine RAP
Authors: Singh Surender , Ransinchung G. D. R. N. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the present study, the potential of supplementary cementitious materials such as silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA), and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBG) for enhancing the durability properties of pavement quality concrete (PQC) mixes containing 75 % fine reclaimed asphalt pavement (75RAP) is assessed. Different physical and durability properties such as water absorption, total permeable voids, initial rate, secondary rate and coefficient of water absorption, and performance in sulfate and chloride-rich environments were evaluated. It was found that the ASTM recommended temperature of 110 ± 5°C for evaluating water absorption and permeable voids should be changed to 48 ± 2°C to prevent the melting of asphalt present in RAP. Similarly, the duration for completely drying the specimens shall be at least eight days. It was observed that incorporation of fine RAP could compromise with the durability of the PQC mixes significantly. Inclusions of all the considered admixtures (except SF) were found to have an insignificant effect on the modulus of rupture, however, significant enhancement in the durability properties of 75RAP mix was observed (except SCBG). The blending of 15 % FA with 10 % SF was found to enhance the durability performance of 75RAP mix better than the mix containing natural aggregates.
The New Scope of Frictionless Triaxial Apparatus—Disturbed Sand Testing
Authors: Sabaliauskas Tomas , Ibsen Lars Bo 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Offshore wind turbine foundations episodically lose and recover stiffness as soil is disturbed during extreme events. Such sand behavior is not accounted for during standard testing procedures. Therefore, the following novel dynamic triaxial testing procedure is explored in this study: specimens are loaded past their peak strength and pulled back to initial length, where attempts to recover their initial stiffness are made by applying more loading cycles. This fundamentally changes how we view our specimens—they are no longer fragile and brittle. Instead, specimens can be axially compressed and pulled back to initial length many times as long as shear rupture and bulging are circumvented. Novel testing procedures were attempted using a frictionless triaxial apparatus. Frictionless triaxial is not itself a new concept, but the novel procedures revealed previously undocumented testing capabilities: (1) Multistage testing, wherein sand specimens can be liquefied (undrained), drained, and reliquefied (undrained again) many times, in one sequence, on one specimen; (2) Specimens can be compressed to large axial strain (15 % strain or more) and pulled back to initial length more than once. In the process, peak yield strength can be measured more than once at more than one density, all while using one specimen.
Profiling the metabolic fitness of a special operations police unit
Authors: Maupin Danny , Robinson Jeremy , Wills Thomas , Irving Shane , Schram Ben , Orr Robin 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Fitness is essential to specialist police forces, who have higher occupational demands than general police, and vital to performance and mission success. However, little research has been done profiling the metabolic fitness of these units and how they compare to other populations. The objective of this study was to profile the aerobic fitness of a specialist police unit.

Methods
Body weight was measured to account for any impact on metabolic fitness, while VO2 max was estimated via number of shuttles completed on the 20 m Progressive Shuttle Run Test (PSRT) (n=47) on two dates one calendar year apart.

Results
There were no significant (p=.116) differences (mean difference 0.40±1.70 kg) in body weight between the initial measures (mean=88.84±8.25 kg) and the final measure (mean=89.24±8.77 kg) 13 months later. PSRT results increased significantly (p&lt;.005) between the initial (mean= 72.62±11.76 shuttles) and final assessments (77.51± 11.46 shuttles), with a mean increase of 4.89 (± 2.94) shuttles and a small effect size (d=0.42). The mean VO2 max of the specialist police unit was 51.06±3.61 ml/min/kg following the first assessment, and 52.56±3.46 ml/min/kg following the second assessment. This was a significant finding (p&lt;.001), with a mean difference of 1.19± 1.27 ml/min/kg and a small effect size (d=0.23).

Conclusions
Elite police forces have a higher metabolic fitness than the general population and general duties police officers. Having and maintaining this fitness level is imperative for their operational success and preventing injuries. This research suggests that despite the challenges posed by operational requirements, high fitness standards can not only be maintained, but also improved.
Guidelines for personal exposure monitoring of chemicals: Part VI
Authors: Hashimoto Haruo , Yamada Kenichi , Hori Hajime , Kumagai Shinji , Murata Masaru , Nagoya Toshio , Nakahara Hirohiko , Mochida Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This Document, “Guidelines for personal exposure monitoring of chemicals” (“this Guideline”), has been prepared by “The Committee for Personal Exposure Monitoring” (“the Committee”) of the Expert Division of Occupational Hygiene & Ergonomics, Japan Society for Occupational Health. Considering the background of the growing importance of personal exposure monitoring in risk assessment and the need to prepare for the introduction of monitoring using personal samplers from an administrative perspective in recent years, the Committee was organized in November 2012. The Committee has prepared this Guideline as a “practical guideline” for personal exposure monitoring, so as to offer proposals and recommendations to the members of the Japan Society for Occupational Health and to society in general. The scope of this Guideline covers all chemical substances and all related workplaces regarded as targets for general assessment and the management of risk. It thus is not to be considered to comment on legal regulations and methodology. The main text provides the basic methods and concepts of personal exposure monitoring, while 31 “ Appendices ” are provided in this Guideline throughout the series; technical descriptions, statistical bases, and actual workplace examples are provided in these appendices, to assist better understanding. The personal exposure monitoring described as per this Guideline is equivalent to an “ expert-centered basic method to reasonably proceed with the assessment and management of risk at workplaces.” It is considered that practicing and expanding on this method will significantly contribute in reforming the overall framework of occupational hygiene management in Japan.
El patriotismo del Correo del Domingo: ficciones de guerra y soldados
Authors: Marini Candela 
Published: June 2018

El presente artículo explora la cobertura visual del periódico ilustrado Correo del Domingo en sus primeros años de funcionamiento (1864-1866), particularmente con relación a las noticias de la Guerra de la Triple Alianza (1865-1870). Siendo el semanario una de las primeras publicaciones en la región en incursionar en tácticas de periodismo visual, la primera parte del ensayo analiza los límites difusos entre las litografías de carácter informativo y periodístico, y aquéllas de carácter puramente ficcional. La segunda parte del artículo estudia cómo el periódico utiliza este carácter maleable de la imagen litográfica para sortear los problemas del reportaje visual de una guerra que no se condecía con el discurso oficialista de corte heroico y patriótico que el periódico apoyaba.
Impresos que interpelan la mirada. Acerca de la cultura gráfica
Authors: Szir Sandra 
Published: June 2018

La historia de las ediciones ilustradas representa un amplio campo de estudio dentro de la cultura impresa que, aunque despliega una serie de temas y problemas singulares, involucra una pluralidad de aspectos a estudiar. Desde una perspectiva histórico cultural, dado los dominios que abarca y la multiplicidad de perspectivas que admite, demanda una convergencia interdisciplinar donde la historia del libro, la historia del arte y de la comunicación visual, el diseño gráfico, la bibliografía y la sociología cultural son algunas de las aproximaciones posibles.
Los impresos poblanos efímeros. Una mirada a “Tertulia de pulquería”, de José A. Arrieta, 1851
Authors: Rojas Rendón María José Patricia 
Published: June 2018

La pintura con escenas costumbristas realizada por José Agustín Arrieta no se limitó a mostrar una mirada documental. “Tertulia de pulquería” se presenta como ejemplo de una construcción visual, que abre la posibilidad de ser entendida a través del proceso habitual de mirar a “la clase peligrosa”. El presente artículo analizará el cuadro de Arrieta a partir de un recurso significativo: la prensa efímera e “inmoral” poblana de 1851 –representada en el cuadro- y la forma en que se vinculó con el sector “peligroso”. El trabajo propondrá una lectura política y social de “Tertulia de pulquería” que permita conocer las circunstancias donde el pintor ejecutó la obra. Las hojas impresas representadas son elementos fundamentales que proponen una visión negativa en la que el artista tomó distancia y denunció un malestar vivido en el año 1851 en Puebla. Este estudio pone énfasis en la importancia de la búsqueda y el análisis de las fuentes primarias obtenidas en los archivos y hemerotecas locales.
Recuerdos de la “Gran Aldea”. Usos de imágenes del pasado urbano de Buenos Aires (1910-1936)
Authors: Fara Catalina 
Published: June 2018

En Buenos Aires entre 1910 y 1936 las imágenes circularon en forma masiva y operaron culturalmente, no sólo en forma individual, sino también por su acumulación y yuxtaposición. Las representaciones del paisaje porteño mostraron los cambios constantes en la infraestructura urbana, configurando una dialéctica de “lo viejo y lo nuevo” en la cultura visual, marcada por el uso de un vocabulario que respondía a un imaginario de lo moderno. En el presente artículo analizaremos cómo, en este contexto, se produjo un uso particular de las estampas coloniales y las fotos de la ciudad de fines del siglo XIX, las cuales conformaron un conjunto que operó en la construcción de un imaginario de “Gran Aldea” del pasado, contrapuesto a un imaginario de ciudad pujante y moderna relacionado con el presente y el futuro de Buenos Aires.
SUÇ KONUSU MALIN DEĞERİNİN AZLIĞININ CEZA SORUMLULUĞUNA ETKİSİ
Authors: AKKAŞ Ahmet Hulusi 
Published: June 2018

Ekonomik
çıkar amacıyla işlenen suçlarda, suç konusu malın değerinin azlığı suçun
haksızlık içeriğini azaltıcı bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu durumu öngören kanun
koyucu hakime, bazı suç faillerinin cezasında indirim yapma ve hatta bazı suç faillerini
hiç cezalandırmama imkanı vermiştir. Suç konusu malın değerinin azlığı, kanun koyucunun hakkında herhangi bir düzenleme
yapmadığı suçlar açısından da etkili olabilir ve bu suçlarda nasıl bir etkiye
sahip olduğunun da araştırılması gerekir. Diğer taraftan suç konusu malın
değerinin azlığı, düzenleme bulunan suçlarda dahi aynı sonucu ortaya
çıkarmamaktadır. Söz konusu problem arz eden hususların daha yakından
incelenmesi gerekmektedir.

Suç
konusu malın değerinin azlığı sadece tamamlanmış suçlarda değil, teşebbüs
aşamasında kalmış suçlarda da önem arz eder. Bunun yanında suç tamamlandıktan
sonra failin etkin pişmanlık göstermesi ve birden fazla suçun işlenmesi
durumunda değer azlığının nasıl değerlendirilmesi gerektiğinin de ortaya
konulması gerekir. Son olarak suç konusu malın değerinin azlığının, fail
hakkında kurulacak hükme nasıl etki edeceğinin de bu hususa ilişkin hakkında
hüküm bulunan suçlar ve hakkında hüküm bulunmayan suçlar bakımından
değerlendirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır.