bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitigating temporal aliasing effects of high-frequency geophysical fluid dynamics in satellite gravimetry
Authors: Poropat Lea , Kvas Andreas , Mayer-Gürr Torsten , Dobslaw Henryk 
Published: October 2019

SUMMARY
Temporal aliasing errors induced by high-frequency tidal and non-tidal mass variability in the Earth system are among the three most important error sources that limit the accuracy of present-day surface mass estimates from satellite gravimetry. By means of end-to-end simulations, we demonstrate that the Kalman Smoother approach developed by Kurtenbach et al. effectively captures non-tidal submonthly variability, and thereby reduces temporal aliasing errors way beyond the level of simply subtracting the standard dealiasing model AOD1B. Validation against in situ ocean bottom pressure observations confirms that the Kalman Smoother solutions published together with the ITSG-Grace2016 monthly gravity fields contain high-frequency signal over the oceans not predicted by AOD1B. The daily gravity fields therefore reduce aliasing artefacts in the monthly gravity fields, and at the same time provide observational evidence on submonthly bottom pressure variability presently not reflected in state-of-the-art numerical ocean circulation models. It is thus recommended to include a Kalman Smoother approach into any standard GRACE processing scheme. For a hypothetical double-pair configuration currently under consideration as a future mass change mission, we find that the benefit of the Kalman Smoother is much smaller thanks to the increased number of observations taken at different inclinations, which lead to generally reduced aliasing errors and much more isotropic spatial error correlations. We also reassess the idea of pre-eliminating low-resolution daily gravity fields and find large distortions in the monthly mean gravity solution at spatial wavelengths around the cut-off-degree of the daily fields. We thus recommend further study for any satellite gravity mission concept that critically relies on such pre-elimination schemes for reaching its science objectives.
Progranulin mutations result in impaired processing of prosaposin and reduced glucocerebrosidase activity
Authors: Valdez Clarissa , Ysselstein Daniel , Young Tiffany J , Zheng Jianbin , Krainc Dimitri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common neurogenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration in the frontal and temporal lobes. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding progranulin (PGRN) are a common genetic cause of FTD. Recently, PGRN has emerged as an important regulator of lysosomal function. Here, we examine the impact of PGRN mutations on the processing of full-length prosaposin to individual saposins, which are critical regulators of lysosomal sphingolipid metabolism. Using FTD-PGRN patient-derived cortical neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as post-mortem tissue from patients with FTLD-PGRN, we show that PGRN haploinsufficiency results in impaired processing of prosaposin to saposin C, a critical activator of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Additionally, we found that PGRN mutant neurons had reduced lysosomal GCase activity, lipid accumulation and increased insoluble α-synuclein relative to isogenic controls. Importantly, reduced GCase activity in PGRN mutant neurons is rescued by treatment with saposin C. Together, these findings suggest that reduced GCase activity due to impaired processing of prosaposin may contribute to pathogenesis of FTD resulting from PGRN mutations.
Intraspecific demography of the silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis): implications for fisheries management
Authors: Grant Michael I , Smart Jonathan J , Rigby Cassandra L , White William T , Chin Andrew , Baje Leontine , Simpfendorfer Colin A 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) is one of the most heavily fished tropical shark species globally, and currently there is increasing concern for its conservation status. However, large differences and ambiguity in life history parameter estimates among regions complicates its conservation and fisheries management. Using a Leslie matrix model that incorporated stochastic effects, we analysed the intraspecific demography of C. falciformis using available life history data from seven regions. Among regions, large differences were observed in generation time and age-specific reproductive contributions. Carcharhinus falciformis generally had low resilience to fishing mortality (F) throughout its distribution. Age-at-first-capture and age-at-last-capture management approaches resulted in substantial differences among regions. This was largely influenced by age-at-maturity. However, in scrutinizing some regional life history studies, it is likely that sampling design and methodological differences among regions have resulted in inaccuracies in life history parameter estimates and subsequent demographic attributes. This implies that age and life-stage-dependent management approaches using these possibly inaccurate life history parameters may be inappropriate. We suggest that a greater emphasis needs to be placed on eliminating human sources of error in elasmobranch life history studies to ensure management for wide-ranging species, such as C. falciformis, is most effective.
Tim-3 Promotes Listeria monocytogenes Immune Evasion by Suppressing Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I
Authors: Wang Zhiding , Li Ge , Dou Shuaijie , Zhang Yanling , Liu Yiqiong , Zhang Jiacheng , Li Guoxian , Hou Chunmei , Wang Renxi , Shen Beifen , Han Gencheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundT-cell immunoglobulin and mucin protein 3 (Tim-3) is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that has therapeutic implications for many tumors and infectious diseases. However, the mechanisms by which Tim-3 promotes immune evasion remain unclear.MethodsIn this study, we demonstrated that Tim-3 inhibits the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in macrophages at both the messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels by inhibiting the STAT1-NLRC5 signaling pathway.ResultsAs a result, MHC-I-restricted antigen presentation by macrophages was inhibited by Tim-3 both in vitro and in a Listeria monocytogenes infection model in vivo. Systemic overexpression of Tim-3 or specific knockout of Tim-3 in macrophages significantly attenuated or enhanced CD8+ T-cell activation and infection damage in L monocytogenes-infected mice, respectively.ConclusionsThus, we identified a new mechanism by which Tim-3 promotes L monocytogenes immune evasion. Further studies on this pathway might shed new light on the physio-pathological roles of Tim-3 and suggest new approaches for intervention.
Transmission and evolution of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 in a single hospital in Taiwan
Authors: Lu Min-Chi , Chen Ying-Tsong , Tang Hui-Ling , Liu Yen-Yi , Chen Bo-Han , Wang You-Wun , Chen Yi-Syong , Teng Ru-Hsiou , Hong Yu-Ping , Chiou Chien-Shun , Chiang Ming-Ko , Lai Yi-Chyi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Epidemic spread of OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, mainly mediated by the transmission of a blaOXA-48-carrying plasmid, has threatened global health during the last decade. Since its introduction to Taiwan in 2013, OXA-48 has become the second most common carbapenemase. We described the transmission and evolution of an OXA-producing K. pneumoniae clone in a single hospital.

Methods
Twenty-two OXA-48 K. pneumoniae were isolated between October 2013 and December 2015. Comparative genomic analysis was performed based on the WGS data generated with Illumina and MinION techniques.

Results
Seventeen of the 22 OXA-48 K. pneumoniae that belonged to ST11, with the same capsular genotype, KL64, and differed from each other by seven or fewer SNPs, were considered outbreak strains. Eight of the 17 outbreak strains harboured a 65 499 bp blaOXA-48-carrying IncL plasmid (called pOXA48). pOXA48 was absent from the remaining nine strains. Instead, a 24.9 kb blaOXA-48-carrying plasmid fragment was integrated into a prophage region of their chromosomes. Transmission routes of the ST11_KL64 K. pneumoniae sublineages, which carried either pOXA48 or chromosomally integrated blaOXA-48, were reconstructed.

Conclusions
Clonal expansion of ST11_KL64 sublineages contributed to the nosocomial outbreak of OXA-48 K. pneumoniae. The chromosome-borne blaOXA-48 lineage emerged during a 2 year period in a single hospital. Dissemination of OXA-48, which is vertically transmitted in K. pneumoniae even in the absence of selective pressure from antimicrobials, deserves public health attention.
The impact of drug order complexity on prospective medication order review and verification time
Authors: Dakwa David S , Marshall Vincent D , Chaffee Bruce W 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess if the amount of time a pharmacist spends verifying medication orders increases as medication orders become more complex.Materials and MethodsThe study was conducted by observing pharmacist verification of adult medication orders in an academic medical center. Drug order complexity was prospectively defined and validated using a classification system derived from 3 factors: the degree of order variability, ISMP high-alert classification, and a pharmacist perception survey. Screen capture software was used to measure pharmacist order review time for each classification. The annualized volume of low complexity drug orders was used to calculate the potential time savings if these were verified using an alternate system that did not require pharmacist review.ResultsThe primary study hypothesis was not achieved. Regression results did not show statistical significance for moderate (n = 30, 23.7 seconds, sd = 23.3) or high complexity (n = 30, 18.6 seconds, sd = 23.1) drugs relative to the low complexity drugs (n = 30, 8.0 seconds, sd = 14.4) nor for moderate vs high complexity; (βmoderate vs low = 15.6, P = .113), (βhigh vs low = 10.3, P = .235), (βmoderate vs high = 5.3, P = .737). The sensitivity analysis showed statistical significance in the high vs low comparison (βhigh vs low = 13.8, P = .017).DiscussionThis study showed that verifying pharmacists spent less time than projected to verify medication orders of different complexities, but the time did not correlate with the classifications used in our complexity scale. Several mitigating factors, including operational aspects associated with timing antimicrobial orders, likely influenced order verification time. These factors should be evaluated in future studies which seek to define drug order complexity and optimize pharmacist time spent in medication order verification.ConclusionThe findings suggest that there may be other factors involved in pharmacist decision-making that should be considered when categorizing drugs by perceived complexity.
Loxodonta Localizer: A Software Tool for Inferring the Provenance of African Elephants and Their Ivory Using Mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Zhao Kai , Ishida Yasuko , Green Cory E , Davidson Alexis G , Sitam Frankie A T , Donnelly Cassidy L , De Flamingh Alida , Perrin-Stowe Tolulope I N , Bourgeois Stéphanie , Brandt Adam L , Mundis Stephanie J , Van Aarde Rudi J , Greenberg Jonathan A , Malhi Ripan S , Georgiadis Nicholas J , Mcewing Ross , Roca Alfred L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Illegal hunting is a major threat to the elephants of Africa, with more elephants killed by poachers than die from natural causes. DNA from tusks has been used to infer the source populations for confiscated ivory, relying on nuclear genetic markers. However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences can also provide information on the geographic origins of elephants due to female elephant philopatry. Here, we introduce the Loxodonta Localizer (LL; www.loxodontalocalizer.org), an interactive software tool that uses a database of mtDNA sequences compiled from previously published studies to provide information on the potential provenance of confiscated ivory. A 316 bp control region sequence, which can be readily generated from DNA extracted from ivory, is used as a query. The software generates a listing of haplotypes reported among 1917 African elephants in 24 range countries, sorted in order of similarity to the query sequence. The African locations from which haplotype sequences have been previously reported are shown on a map. We demonstrate examples of haplotypes reported from only a single locality or country, examine the utility of the program in identifying elephants from countries with varying degrees of sampling, and analyze batches of confiscated ivory. The LL allows for the source of confiscated ivory to be assessed within days, using widely available molecular methods that do not depend on a particular platform or laboratory. The program enables identification of potential regions or localities from which elephants are being poached, with capacity for rapid identification of populations newly or consistently targeted by poachers.
Pathocentric Health Care and a Minimal Internal Morality of Medicine
Authors: Hershenov David B 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChristopher Boorse is very skeptical of there being a pathocentric internal morality of medicine. Boorse argues that doctors have always engaged in activities other than healing, and so no internal morality of medicine can provide objections to euthanasia, contraception, sterilization, and other practices not aimed at fighting pathologies. Objections to these activities have to come from outside of medicine. I first argue that Boorse fails to appreciate that such widespread practices are compatible with medicine being essentially pathocentric. Then I contend that the pathocentric essence, properly understood, does not prohibit physicians from engaging in actions that are not aimed at combating pathologies, but rather supports an internal morality of medicine that allows medical providers to refuse without penalty to engage in practices that promote pathologies.
Learning from Performance Information
Authors: Andersen Simon Calmar , Nielsen Helena Skyt 
Published: October 2019

AbstractYears of research on performance management has generally concluded that performance information is seldom used purposefully by public managers and that it does not improve performance as intended. More recently, both theoretical and empirical work have begun to focus on situations in which performance management may facilitate internal organizational learning. In this study, we focus on one key component in performance management systems, namely generation of performance information. Based on a Bayesian learning model, we argue that generation of performance information at the individual level may create performance improvements because both users and frontline workers may learn where to prioritize their efforts. To test the isolated effect of this key component of any performance management system, we use as-good-as-random variation in exposure of students to testing because of a technical breakdown in an IT system. We identify the effect of testing on student learning measured two years after the breakdown. Results show positive and statistically significant effects of about 0.1 standard deviations, which is comparable to much more expensive interventions, and effects tend to persist after four years. We find larger effects for students with low socioeconomic status but also that schools with many students from this group are more reluctant to measure their performance. Implications and limitations in terms of increasing the level of student testing are discussed.
Topical Review: State of the Field of Child Self-Report of Acute Pain
Authors: Cohen Lindsey L , Donati Matthew R , Shih Sharon , Sil Soumitri 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveChildren experience acute pain with routine and emergent healthcare, and untreated pain can lead to a range of repercussions. Assessment is vital to diagnosing and treating acute pain. Given the internal nature of pain, self-report is predominant. This topical review reflects on the state of the field of pediatric acute pain self-report, and proposes a framework for acute pain assessment via self-report.MethodWe examine self-report of acute pain in preschool-age children through adolescents, and we detail a three-step process to optimize acute pain assessment.ResultsThe first step is to decide between a pain screening or assessment. Several 0–10 self-report scales are available for pain screenings. Assessment requires specification of the goals and domains to target. Core criteria, common features, modulating factors, and consequences of acute pain provide a framework for a comprehensive pain assessment. Whereas there are some measures available to assess aspects of these domains, there are considerable gaps. Last, it is important to integrate the data to guide clinical care of acute pain.ConclusionsSelf-report of acute pain is dominated by single-item intensity scales, which are useful for pain screening but inadequate for pain assessment. We propose a three-step approach to acute pain assessment in children. However, there is a need for measure development for a comprehensive evaluation of the core criteria, common features, modulating factors, and consequences of pediatric acute pain. In addition, there is limited guidance in merging data found in multifaceted evaluations of pediatric acute pain.
Psychosocial Interventions Targeting Recovery in Child and Adolescent Burns: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hornsby Nancy , Blom Lisa , Sengoelge Mathilde 
Published: October 2019

AbstractChildren post-burn injury experience a range of psychosocial sequelae that benefit from early provision of psychosocial support. However, no systematic review exists evaluating the full range of psychological interventions.ObjectiveTo critically evaluate psychosocial interventions for children (<18 years old) with burn injuries in improving psychosocial recovery.Study designAll-language studies were identified from inception to March 2018 in six electronic databases and appraised according to PRISMA checklist and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for quality. Studies were stratified into three groups: distraction (virtual reality, child life therapy, imagery-based therapy, hypnosis), burn camps, and other (social skills, cognitive behavioral therapy, parent group counseling).ResultsOut of a total of 5,456 articles identified, 297 underwent full review resulting in 27 included articles published between 1986 and 2018. Sample sizes ranged from 9 to 266, comprising child and adult participants. A range of interventions and psychosocial outcome measures were found. Several studies (n = 21) reported statistically significant improvements in outcome; the majority were distraction interventions to reduce pain and anxiety. A limited number of studies showing effect was found for cognitive behavioral therapy and parent counseling. Risk of bias was high in studies of burn camps and mixed for all other interventions.ConclusionsA range of psychosocial interventions and outcome tools exist in pediatric burns. Distraction interventions prior to and/or during dressing changes or physical therapy were shown to effectively reduce pain and anxiety for a wide range of pediatric ages.
Safety and Varicella Outcomes in In Utero–Exposed Newborns and Preterm Infants Treated With Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin (VARIZIG): A Subgroup Analysis of an Expanded-Access Program
Authors: Duchon Jennifer M , Levin Myron J , Gershon Anne A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundInfants exposed to varicella zoster virus (VZV) in utero ≤5 days before or ≤48 hours after delivery and preterm infants are at high risk for varicella complications. An expanded-access program assessed varicella outcomes after administration of varicella zoster immune globulin (human) (VARIZIG) in a real-world setting.MethodsIn this open-label, expanded-access program, high-risk infants received ≤125 IU/10 kg of VARIZIG (NCT00338442). VZV outcomes and safety were assessed.ResultsThere were 43 newborns exposed to VZV in utero and 80 preterm infants exposed to VZV; &gt;80% received VARIZIG within 96 hours of reported exposure. When varicella outcomes were available, varicella occurred in 7 of 38 (18%) in utero–exposed newborns and zero of 65 preterm infants. Varicella-related complications were reported in 3 in utero–exposed newborns (3 with &gt;100 lesions, 1 each with encephalitis and pneumonia). Adverse events were reported for 16% of in utero–exposed newborns and 25% of preterm infants, but few were considered related to VARIZIG. There were no deaths attributable to varicella or VARIZIG.ConclusionsVaricella incidence and morbidity were low in in utero–exposed infants and zero in preterm infants who received prophylactic VARIZIG. There were few VARIZIG-related safety concerns.
Fracture of a popliteal nitinol stent and pseudoaneurysm: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Reis José Maciel Caldas dos , Kudo Fábio Akimaro , Carmo Bastos Moisés do 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
There is a lack of reports onr stent fracture with pseudoaneurysm formation in the femoropopliteal artery, which can cause restenosis or occlusion of the treated arterial segment. We present a case of a large pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery that was observed 18 months after popliteal stenting using a self-expandable nitinol stent. We describe an endovascular approach to overcome this severe complication. Stent fractures are an often overlooked complication of femoropopliteal stenting and can be associated with serious diseases. The popliteal artery was successfully treated using self-expandable Viabahn endoprosthesis.
The Speaker-Oriented Connective Particle ‘Al-Kēn in 2 SAM. 7:22
Authors: Tsumura D T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The connective particle ‘al-kēn ‘therefore’ usually functions to intro-duce a logical conclusion or consequence: ‘A therefore B’. However, in cases such as 2 Sam 7:22 it functions as a speaker-oriented particle — what is mentioned in the preceding verse is the reason why the speaker makes the following statement. This usage may be compared with another speaker-oriented particle kî ‘for’, which explains the reason for the speaker's previous utterance. These two speaker-oriented particles may be explained thus:
speaker-oriented kî:   ‘This (B) is the reason why I said that (A)’
speaker-oriented ‘al-kēn:  ‘That (A) is the reason why I say this (B)’
T2Candida magnetic resonance in patients with invasive candidiasis: Strengths and limitations
Authors: Zurl Christoph , Prattes Juergen , Zollner-Schwetz Ines , Valentin Thomas , Rabensteiner Jasmin , Wunsch Stefanie , Hoenigl Martin , Krause Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
T2Candida enables detection of five Candida species in whole blood within approximately 5 hours. Routinely drawn EDTA blood samples were prospectively stored and tested with T2Candida in patients with invasive candidiasis identified by routine index blood or sterile site cultures. T2Candida was compared to diagnostic blood and sterile site cultures and also performed with samples obtained prior and after collection of index cultures. T2Candida was evaluated with 133 samples of 32 patients with candidemia and 22 patients with deep-seated invasive candidiasis. In the candidemic group 28/32 (87.5%) patients had at least one positive T2Candida result at any time point. A total of 17/25 (68%) candidemic patients had a positive T2Candida sample that was drawn concurrently to the index blood culture. In the per patient analysis 17/18 (94.4%) candidemic patients with matched T2Candida samples and peripheral blood cultures at any timepoint had a positive T2Candida test. T2Candida revealed discordant Candida species identification in two candidemic patients. Six of 22 (27.3%) deep-seated IC patients had a positive T2Candida result. Despite advanced time-to-results the clinical value of T2Candida in diagnosing candidemia seems to be limited by missing blood culture positive cases. Positivity rates of T2Candida increased when serial T2Candida samples were tested. In patients with suspected deep-seated invasive candidiasis T2Candida might act as a blood based adjunct to sterile site cultures.