bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who benefits from healthcare spending in Cambodia? Evidence for a universal health coverage policy
Authors: Asante Augustine D , Ir Por , Jacobs Bart , Supon Limwattananon , Liverani Marco , Hayen Andrew , Jan Stephen , Wiseman Virginia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Cambodia’s healthcare system has seen significant improvements in the last two decades. Despite this, access to quality care remains problematic, particularly for poor rural Cambodians. The government has committed to universal health coverage (UHC) and is reforming the health financing system to align with this goal. The extent to which the reforms have impacted the poor is not always clear. Using a system-wide approach, this study assesses how benefits from healthcare spending are distributed across socioeconomic groups in Cambodia. Benefit incidence analysis was employed to assess the distribution of benefits from health spending. Primary data on the use of health services and the costs associated with it were collected through a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of 5000 households. Secondary data from the 2012–14 Cambodia National Health Accounts and other official documents were used to estimate the unit costs of services. The results indicate that benefits from health spending at the primary care level in the public sector are distributed in favour of the poor, with about 32% of health centre benefits going to the poorest population quintile. Public hospital outpatient benefits are quite evenly distributed across all wealth quintiles, although the concentration index of −0.058 suggests a moderately pro-poor distribution. Benefits for public hospital inpatient care are substantially pro-poor. The private sector was significantly skewed towards the richest quintile. Relative to health need, the distribution of total benefits in the public sector is pro-poor while the private sector is relatively pro-rich. Looking across the entire health system, health financing in Cambodia appears to benefit the poor more than the rich but a significant proportion of spending remains in the private sector which is largely pro-rich. There is the need for some government regulation of the private sector if Cambodia is to achieve its UHC goals.
An Authentic Pan-Hispanic Language Policy? Spain as the Point of Reference in the Spanish Royal Academy’s Diccionario de la lengua espaÑola
Authors: Rodríguez Barcia Susana , Moskowitz Andre 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite the Spanish Royal Academy’s claim that it has broken away from its Eurocentric perspective and embraced a pan-Hispanic approach, a careful analysis of its dictionary, the Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE), reveals a clear bias in favor of Peninsular Spanish usage and a systematic relegation of Latin American Spanish to an inferior, subsidiary status. This paper arises out of that specific concern and is focused on a close reading of the Spanish Royal Academy’s DLE in its most recent electronic version 23.1 (2017). In this paper we will show that the Real Academia Española’s claim of a pan-Hispanic approach is in fact a disingenuous smokescreen and that, in reality, the DLE places Latin American Spanish usage in an inferior and subsidiary status via-a-vis Peninsular Spanish usage. To demonstrate this, we have classified selected dictionary entries into two categories: 1) Latin American Spanish usages that are defined by cross-references to the term used in Peninsular Spanish; and 2) usages that occur frequently in Spain and rarely in Spanish-speaking Latin America (Peninsular Spanish usages or españolismos) but are defined in the Dictionary with no geographic marker whatsoever. The results of our analysis reveal that the DLE repeatedly presents Peninsular Spanish usage as if it were General Spanish or ‘neutral Spanish’ and portrays Latin American Spanish as the ‘other.’ This study reveals the fallacy of the RAE’s pan-Hispanic language policy, an institutional device that attempts to force linguistic unity centered around Peninsular Spanish usage where no such unity in fact exists. We will also show that the motivation for this policy stems from a combination of a neocolonial bias and economic interests that seek to promote Spain’s international standing and branding as a country.
On the verge of a chronic disease epidemic: comprehensive policies and actions are needed in Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma Dian , Kusumawardani Nunik , Ahsan Abdillah , K. Sebayang Susy , Amir Vilda , Ng Nawi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In the midst of tackling the persistent burden of maternal mortality and infectious diseases, Indonesia is facing an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although there are increasing national efforts in NCD prevention and control, the worsening trend of NCD risk factors and morbidity is alarming. We provided assessment and discussion on the policies and actions needed in the country including comprehensive efforts to reduce tobacco use and unhealthy diet, the need to reorient the health systems for better NCD prevention and control, and the promotion of NCD-related research that are still lacking.
Antibiotic prescribing for common infections in UK general practice: variability and drivers
Authors: Palin Victoria , Mölter Anna , Belmonte Miguel , Ashcroft Darren M , White Andrew , Welfare William , van Staa Tjeerd 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To examine variations across general practices and factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for common infections in UK primary care to identify potential targets for improvement and optimization of prescribing.

Methods
Oral antibiotic prescribing for common infections was analysed using anonymized UK primary care electronic health records between 2000 and 2015 using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). The rate of prescribing for each condition was observed over time and mean change points were compared with national guideline updates. Any correlation between the rate of prescribing for each infectious condition was estimated within a practice. Predictors of prescribing were estimated using logistic regression in a matched patient cohort (1:1 by age, sex and calendar time).

Results
Over 8 million patient records were examined in 587 UK general practices. Practices varied considerably in their propensity to prescribe antibiotics and this variance increased over time. Change points in prescribing did not reflect updates to national guidelines. Prescribing levels within practices were not consistent for different infectious conditions. A history of antibiotic use significantly increased the risk of receiving a subsequent antibiotic (by 22%–48% for patients with three or more antibiotic prescriptions in the past 12 months), as did higher BMI, history of smoking and flu vaccinations. Other drivers for receiving an antibiotic varied considerably for each condition.

Conclusions
Large variability in antibiotic prescribing between practices and within practices was observed. Prescribing guidelines alone do not positively influence a change in prescribing, suggesting more targeted interventions are required to optimize antibiotic prescribing in the UK.
Pay to Quit and Team Incentives
Authors: Au Pak Hung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the optimal compensation scheme, job design, and severance policy for a team using a model of repeated moral hazard. In the optimal contract, the agent may be paid to quit after a poor performance. We show that a generous severance policy facilitates the adoption of team incentives and team-based production by making it cost-effective to implement peer monitoring and sanction among the agents.
A harlequin ichthyosis pig model with a novel ABCA12 mutation can be rescued by acitretin treatment
Authors: Wang Xiao , Cao Chunwei , Li Yongshun , Hai Tang , Jia Qitao , Zhang Ying , Zheng Qiantao , Yao Jing , Qin Guosong , Zhang Hongyong , Song Ruigao , Wang Yanfang , Shui Guanghou , Lam Sin Man , Liu Zhonghua , Wei Hong , Meng Anming , Zhou Qi , Zhao Jianguo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHarlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a severe genetic skin disorder and caused by mutation in the ATP-binding cassette A12 (ABCA12) gene. The retinoid administration has dramatically improved long-term survival of HI, but improvements are still needed. However, the ABCA12 null mice failed to respond to retinoid treatment, which impedes the development of novel cure strategies for HI. Here we generated an ethylnitrosourea mutagenic HI pig model (named Z9), which carries a novel deep intronic mutation IVS49-727 A&gt;G in the ABCA12 gene, resulting in abnormal mRNA splicing and truncated protein production. Z9 pigs exhibit significant clinical symptom as human patients with HI. Most importantly, systemic retinoid treatment significantly prolonged the life span of the mutant pigs via improving epidermal maturation, decreasing epidermal apoptosis, and triggering the expression of ABCA6. Taken together, this pig model perfectly resembles the clinical symptom and molecular pathology of patients with HI and will be useful for understanding mechanistic insight and developing therapeutic strategies.
Mind the Gap: Spanning the Great Divide Between Perceived and Measured Value of Infectious Disease Physicians
Authors: Coffin Susan E , Lee Grace M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The pediatric infectious disease community has struggled to identify metrics that demonstrate the value that we add to the care of our patients. This challenge is largely a function of our typical role as a consultant in most healthcare settings. Most current quality metrics, however, are designed to measure patient outcomes that are directly affected by the primary clinical team, not the consultants they seek to involve. Novel measurement strategies are needed to capture the value that pediatric infectious disease consultation adds to the health of individual patients and the well-being of populations.
Fractional-dose yellow fever vaccination: an expert review
Authors: Roukens Anna H E , Visser Leo G 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Rationale for review: The global yellow fever vaccine supply is insufficient to provide full-dose vaccination to millions threatened by outbreaks. Given the excess of live-attenuated 17D yellow fever virus in the current single dose vials, dose sparing would increase available vaccine doses manifold. Fractional-dose yellow fever vaccination is now accepted as an emergency solution, as short-term protection has been confirmed in an outbreak situation in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but broader application of this dose-sparing strategy is still not recommended. In this review, important knowledge gaps that hamper this application such as long-term protection after fractional-dose vaccination, safety, comparability across different genetic backgrounds and different World Health Organization-licensed yellow fever vaccines and immunogenicity in infants are addressed.

Main findings: Recently, published results on long-term protection after fractional-dose vaccination in healthy young volunteers indicate that if a person mounts a protective response shortly after vaccination, the protective response will persist for 10 years and possibly longer. It also appears that fractional-dose vaccination does not elicit more serious adverse events than standard dose vaccination. Short-term immunogenicity studies are currently underway in specific populations (infants, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and healthy adults living in Uganda and Kenya), of which the results will become available in 2021–22.

Conclusions: Available results on long-lasting immunogenicity of fractional-dose yellow fever vaccination are encouraging, although confirmation is required in larger populations including young children living in yellow fever endemic areas.
Judging style: The case of Bush versus Gore
Authors: Jockers Matthew L , Nascimento Fernando , Taylor George H 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The judgments by members of the US Supreme Court in the 2000 case of Bush versus Gore remain controversial to the present. We use text mining and machine learning methods to compare the word usage patterns of Supreme Court Justices in order to explore the likely authorship of both the anonymous 5-4 per curiam decision in this case and the concurrence that is attributed to Chief Justice Rehnquist, with Scalia and Thomas joining. An analysis of high and medium frequency words suggests that Justice Kennedy was likely the main contributor to the per curiam decision. A similar analysis of the concurrence, however, suggests that Justice Scalia may have played a more central role than the document’s purported author, Justice Rehnquist. Our analysis indicates that while Chief Justice Rehnquist was likely to have been the crafter of the document, much of the more forceful language of the concurrence resonates more clearly with a vocabulary that is indicative of Justice Scalia.
Generally applicable transcriptome-wide analysis of translation using anota2seq
Authors: Oertlin Christian , Lorent Julie , Murie Carl , Furic Luc , Topisirovic Ivan , Larsson Ola 
Published: March 2019

AbstractmRNA translation plays an evolutionarily conserved role in homeostasis and when dysregulated contributes to various disorders including metabolic and neurological diseases and cancer. Notwithstanding that optimal and universally applicable methods are critical for understanding the complex role of translational control under physiological and pathological conditions, approaches to analyze translatomes are largely underdeveloped. To address this, we developed the anota2seq algorithm which outperforms current methods for statistical identification of changes in translation. Notably, in contrast to available analytical methods, anota2seq also allows specific identification of an underappreciated mode of gene expression regulation whereby translation acts as a buffering mechanism which maintains protein levels despite fluctuations in corresponding mRNA abundance (‘translational buffering’). Thus, the universal anota2seq algorithm allows efficient and hitherto unprecedented interrogation of translatomes which is anticipated to advance knowledge regarding the role of translation in homeostasis and disease.
Jacob Frank
Authors: Maciejko Pawel 
Published: March 2019

Ya‘akov (Jakub) ben Yehudah Leib Frank (b. 1726–d. 1791) was the founder of Frankism, a Jewish religious movement that spread in East-Central Europe in the second half of the 18th century. Ya‘akov ben Leyb, later known as Frank or Frenk, was born in Podolia, the east-southernmost Palatinate of the Polish-Lihuanian Commonwealth in a family of known Sabbatians. When he was only a few months old, his family left Poland and moved to the Ottoman Empire. In Salonika, he established contacts with the most radical branch of the Dönmeh, founded by Berukhiah Russo (d. 1720), who was considered by his followers to be the next manifestation of the soul of Shabetai Tsevi. In 1755, Frank returned to Poland where he presented himself as an emissary of the Dönmeh and a famous kabbalist. He managed to unify splintered Sabbatian groups and attracted many followers throughout Podolia. Arrested by the rabbinic authorities, Frank and his followers demanded permission to hold a public disputation against the rabbis. Two disputations were held, the first one in Kamieniec Podolski in 1757 and the other one in Lviv in 1759. It the wake of the second disputation Frank and several thousands of his followers converted to Roman Catholicism. Shortly after the conversion, Frank was arrested again, this time by the Christians. He spent thirteen years in the prison-monastery in Częstowchowa. Therein, he developed a set of highly original theological doctrines focusing on the concept of the female messiah. Freed in 1772 by the Russians, he settled in Brno in Moravia. Frank died in 1791 in Offenbach am Main. The movement founded by him continued, in various forms, at least till the mid-19th century.
Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin Causes Blastomyces and Histoplasma Antigenemia
Authors: Kaur Amrit , Eberlein Michael , Klesney-Tait Julia , Durkin Michelle M , Wheat L Joseph , Gajurel Kiran 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) is known to yield false-positive Histoplasma antigenemia. The fourth generation MiraVista Histoplasma antigen assay was modified to block this effect (MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana). We report a case of rATG-induced false-positive Blastomyces and Histoplasma antigenemia in a lung transplant recipient despite modifications of these antigen assays.
Change in Policy Allowing Overlapping Surgery Decreases Length of Stay in an Academic, Safety-Net Hospital
Authors: DiGiorgio Anthony M , Mummaneni Praveen V , Fisher Jonathan L , Podet Adam G , Crutcher Clifford L , Virk Michael S , Fang Zhide , Wilson Jason D , Tender Gabriel C , Culicchia Frank 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The practice of surgeons running overlapping operating rooms has recently come under scrutiny.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the impact of hospital policy allowing overlapping rooms in the case of patients admitted to a tertiary care, safety-net hospital for urgent neurosurgical procedures.

METHODS
The neurosurgery service at the hospital being studied transitioned from routinely allowing 1 room per day (period 1) to overlapping rooms (period 2), with the second room being staffed by the same attending surgeon. Patients undergoing neurosurgical intervention in each period were retrospectively compared. Demographics, indication, case type, complications, outcomes, and total charges were tracked.

RESULTS
There were 59 urgent cases in period 1 and 63 in period 2. In the case of these patients, the length of stay was significantly decreased in period 2 (13.09 d vs 19.52; P = .006). The time from admission to surgery (wait time) was also significantly decreased in period 2 (5.12 d vs 7.00; P = .04). Total charges also trended towards less in period 2 (

150 942 vs

200 075; P = .05). Surgical complications were no different between the groups (16.9% vs 14.3%; P = .59), but medical complications were significantly decreased in period 2 (14.3% vs 30.5%; P = .009). Significantly more patients were discharged to home in period 2 (69.8% vs 42.4%; P = .003).

CONCLUSION
As a matter of policy, allowing overlapping rooms significantly reduces the length of stay in the case of a vulnerable population in need of urgent surgery at a single safety-net academic institution. This may be due to a reduction in medical complications in these patients.
No Man’s Land? Gendering Contraception in Family Planning Advice Literature in State-Socialist Poland (1950s–1980s)
Authors: Ignaciuk Agata 
Published: March 2019

Summary
This article examines popular medical discourses on contraception produced in state-socialist Poland following the legalisation of abortion in 1956, a time when the party state declared family planning to be a public health project. By analysing popular medical literature, I argue that the popularisation of family planning constructed and relied on gender norms that could ease anxieties about the mainstreaming of ideas relating to sexuality and contraception, as well as about gender equality in a state-socialist context. I show that the femininity constructed in Polish birth control advice was based in fertility and the physical attractiveness required to maintain a husband’s sexual interest. Although masculinity was represented as distant, egoistic and violent, experts broadcast mixed messages about the effectiveness and usefulness of popular male contraceptive methods, some of which were at times utterly demonised.
EU Free Movement Law and the Children of Rainbow Families: Children of a Lesser God?
Authors: Tryfonidou Alina 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
EU citizens and—through them—certain of their family members, derive from EU law the right to move between EU Member States and reside in the Member State of their choice. This right is enjoyed by all Union citizens irrespective of their sexual orientation. However, when rainbow families (ie families comprised of a same-sex couple and their child(ren)) exercise this right and move to a Member State which does not provide legal recognition to same-sex couples and/or their families, they are faced with the possibility that that Member State will refuse to legally recognize the familial ties among all or some members of the family, as these have been legally established elsewhere. This means that such families are not treated in the same way as the typical nuclear family which has an opposite-sex, married, couple with children as its basis; the familial links among the members of the nuclear family are only very rarely—if ever—legally contested. The question that emerges, therefore, is whether the severance in the host Member State of the legal ties among the members of rainbow families, amounts to a breach of EU law. This article will focus on the parent–child relationship and will examine the above question by taking a child-centred approach: does the refusal of the host Member State to legally recognize the relationship between a child and one or both of his same-sex parents when the family moves to its territory amount to a breach of any of the rights that the child enjoys under EU law?
Retention of Nursing Students: An Integrative Review
Authors: Smith-Wacholz Heather C. , Wetmore Julia P. , Conway Cheryl , McCarley Melanie 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this integrative review is to identify ways to decrease student attrition in schools of nursing.

BACKGROUND
Many nursing students have anxiety, lack finances, face an absence of faculty or peer support, and have decreased overall satisfaction with the realities of nursing. This integrative review demonstrates that a significant percentage of nursing students leave school before completing their program.

METHOD
Manuscripts were selected for this study to evaluate effective interventions to increase retention rates for first-year nursing students. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria.

RESULTS
Interventions to decrease attrition include effective teaching methods and styles; utilization of an advisor, clinical coach, or mentor; stress reduction; faculty support; students’ background; and perceptions of nursing.

CONCLUSION
Educators have the option of using several supportive measures to decrease attrition in nursing programs.
How Nurse Educators Perceive the Transition From the Traditional Classroom to the Online Environment: A Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Sinacori Barbara C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

AIM
This study was conducted to explore the experiences of nurse educators who transitioned from traditional classroom to an online learning environment, either 100 percent online or in hybrid courses.

BACKGROUND
Online education is an effective way to reach students; however, online education requires a different pedagogy than the traditional classroom.

METHOD
Nurse educators who transitioned from traditional classroom to online environments (100 percent online or hybrid) were interviewed using 13 guided interview questions designed to explore the challenges experienced during the transition.

RESULTS
Challenges nurse educators experienced included a need for professional development for learning a new pedagogy and learning management system, technological support, mentorship in transitioning to the new mode of teaching, and a mind shift in teaching to a different pedagogy.

CONCLUSION
The results provide practical information for nurse educators who may be interested teaching online courses.