bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CBCT-based online adaptive radiotherapy of the prostate bed: first clinical experience and comparison to nonadaptive conventional IGRT
Authors: Fischer J. , Fischer L. A. , Bensberg J. , Bojko N. , Bouabdallaoui M. , Frohn J. , Hüttenrauch P. , Tegeler K. , Wagner D. , Wenzel A. , Schmitt D. , Guhlich M. , Leu M. , El Shafie R. , Stamm G. , Schilling A.-F. , Dröge L. H. , Rieken S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Conventional image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) of the prostate bed is challenged by the varying anatomy due to dynamic changes of surrounding organs such as the bladder and rectum. This leads to changed dose coverage of target and surrounding tissue. The novel online adaptive radiotherapy (oART) aims to improve target coverage as well as reduce dose exposure to surrounding healthy tissues by daily reoptimization of treatment plans. Here we set out to quantify the resulting changes of this adaptation for patients and treatment team.

Methods
A total of 198 fractions of radiotherapy of the prostate bed (6 patients) were treated using oART with the Ethos accelerator (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA). For each fraction, volumes and several dose–volume parameters of target volumes and organs at risk were recorded for the scheduled plan (initial plan, recalculated based on daily cone beam computed tomography [CBCT]), the adapted plan, and the verification plan, which is the dose distribution of the applied plan recalculated on the closing CBCT after the adaptation process. Clinical acceptability for all plans was determined using given dose–volume parameters of target volumes. Additionally, the time needed for the adaptation process was registered and compared to the time required for the daily treatment of five conventional IGRT patients.

Results
Volumes of target and organs at risk (OAR) exhibited broad variation from day to day. The differences in dose coverage D98% of the clinical target volume (CTV) were significant through adaptation (p < 0.0001; median D98% 97.1–98.0%) and further after verification CBCT (p < 0.001; median D98% 98.1%). Similarly, differences in D98% of the planning target volume (PTV) were significant with adaptation (p < 0.0001; median D98% 91.8–96.5%) and after verification CBCT (p < 0.001; median D98% 96.4%) with decreasing interquartile ranges (IQR). Dose to OAR varied extensively and did not show a consistent benefit from oART but decreased in IQR. Clinical acceptability increased significantly from 19.2% for scheduled plans to 76.8% for adapted plans and decreased to 70.7% for verification plans. The scheduled plan was never chosen for treatment. The median time needed for oART was 25 min compared to 8 min for IGRT.

Conclusion
Target dose coverage was significantly improved using oART. IQR decreased for target coverage as well as OAR doses indicating higher repeatability of dose delivery using oART. Differences in doses after verification CBCT for targets as well as OAR were significant compared to adapted plans but did not offset the overall dosimetric gain of oART. The median time required is three times higher for oART compared to IGRT.
Hydrothermal mineral replacement of bastnäsite by rhabdophane and monazite: effects of temperature on mineralogy, REE immobilisation, and fractionation
Authors: Knorsch Manuel , Bamforth Tobias G. , Xia Fang , Deditius Artur P. , Pearce Mark A. , Schoneveld Louise , Roberts Malcolm P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rare-earth elements (REEs, La–Lu, Y) are essential for the development of renewable technologies. Bastnäsite (REECO3F) is a common REE ore mineral that is often subject to hydrothermal alteration at all crustal levels. Mechanisms of hydrothermal bastnäsite alteration therefore govern the evolution of REE deposits, though these mechanisms remain poorly understood. This experimental work investigates the hydrothermal replacement of bastnäsite by rhabdophane (REEPO4∙xH2O, x = 0–1) and monazite (REEPO4) in phosphatic fluids. Two temperature-dependent alteration pathways were identified; both follow the coupled dissolution-reprecipitation (CDR) mechanism. At 90 °C, bastnäsite was replaced by highly-porous metastable rhabdophane which was then replaced by monazite, forming an inner layer of rhabdophane and an outer layer of monazite. At 220 °C, bastnäsite was replaced directly by monazite. Although replacement initiated more quickly at 220 °C, greater overall replacement occurred at 90 °C (~ 61 wt.% after 500 h, compared to ~ 13 wt.% at 220 °C) due to surface passivation by monazite at 220 °C. Geochemical analyses showed REE fractionation during bastnäsite alteration. At 90 °C, rhabdophane was enriched in heavy REEs (Eu–Lu, Y), likely due to the evolving fluid chemistry, while at 220 °C secondary monazite was enriched in Sm and Ho compared to bastnäsite. These results indicate that: 1) the hydrothermal alteration of bastnäsite by rhabdophane and monazite in ore deposits leads to REE immobilisation, with little net loss of REEs to solution; 2) rhabdophane is metastable relative to monazite at 90 °C, and; 3) variable temperatures can cause different mineral textures and REE fractionation trends during hydrothermal alteration and mineral replacement.
Aromatic plants as cosmeceuticals: benefits and applications for skin health
Authors: Olivero-Verbel Jesus , Quintero-Rincón Patricia , Caballero-Gallardo Karina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Main conclusion
This review highlights the potential of aromatic plants as natural antioxidants in cosmeceuticals to combat skin aging and promote health and rejuvenation.

Abstract
Aromatic plant extracts, essential oils, or their phytoconstituents have a long history of use in skincare, dating back centuries. Currently, these plant-based sources are extensively researched and utilized in the cosmeceutical industry to formulate products that enhance skin health and promote a youthful appearance. These plants’ diverse bioactivities and sensory properties make them ideal ingredients for developing anti-aging agents recommended for maintaining healthy skin through self-care routines, offering a natural alternative to synthetic products. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the dermis, attributed to intrinsic and extrinsic aging factors, particularly prolonged sun exposure, is identified as the primary cause of skin aging. Plant extracts enriched with antioxidant compounds including flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, stilbenes, terpenes, and steroids, are fundamental to counteract ROS-induced oxidative stress. Noteworthy effects observed from the use of these natural sources include photoprotective, senolytic, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, anti-acne, and anti-tyrosinase activities, encompassing benefits like photoprotection, wound healing, skin whitening, anti-pigmentation, tissue regeneration, among others. This review highlights several globally distributed aromatic plant species renowned for their benefits for skin, including Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (Apiaceae), Calendula officinalis L. and Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae), Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae), Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers. (Lauraceae), Althaea officinalis L. (Malvaceae), Malaleuca alternifolia (Maiden y Betche) Cheel (Myrtaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae), Rubus idaeus L. (Rosaceae), and Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck (Rutaceae), emphasizing their potential in skincare formulations and their role in promoting health and rejuvenation.
Thyroid cytology in pediatric patients: a single-center study from 2015 to 2023—is there a necessity for distinct treatment approaches for patients with and without autoimmune thyroiditis?
Authors: Kujdowicz Monika , Januś Dominika , Radliński Jan , Kiszka-Wiłkojć Aleksandra , Taczanowska-Niemczuk Anna , Młynarski Damian , Górecki Wojciech , Starzyk Jerzy B. , Adamek Dariusz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe management of thyroid nodules is guided by the cytological classification provided by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology. Notably, the biology of thyroid tumors in pediatric patients differs from that in adults, and there is limited research focused on pediatric cases. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Bethesda system in pediatric patients treated at the largest tertiary pediatric thyroid center in Poland between 2015 and 2023. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 566 patients with thyroid nodules, of whom 555 underwent fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). A total of 217 patients underwent thyroid surgery. Of these, 206 had previously undergone FNAB with cytological evaluation at our center, while 11 patients underwent thyroid surgery due to a RET mutation or the need for an extended procedure. The initial FNAB results showed distribution across Bethesda categories as follows: 7.6% for category I, 54.6% for category II, 20.9% for category III, 4.1% for category IV, 7.6% for category V, and 5.6% for category VI. Among patients who underwent surgery, the distribution of Bethesda categories I through VI was 2.9%, 25.2%, 29.1%, 8.3%, 19.4%, and 15%, respectively. The risk of malignancy (ROM) from the initial FNAB was estimated at 33.3%, 11.5%, 22.2%, 4.8%, 84.4%, and 96.8% for Bethesda categories I through VI, respectively. In patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT), the ROM was higher than in non-AIT patients for Bethesda categories I through IV, while it was lower in category VI. The sensitivity for detecting non-benign neoplasms across Bethesda categories III through VI was approximately 86% in both AIT and non-AIT patients. However, for papillary thyroid carcinoma, sensitivity in Bethesda categories V and VI was 86% in non-AIT patients but decreased to 61.5% in AIT patients. These findings emphasize the importance of considering surgical intervention in pediatric patients with Bethesda III-VI cytology, particularly in those with AIT.
Maternal alexithymia and caregiving behavior: the role of executive functioning - A FinnBrain Birth Cohort study
Authors: Nordenswan Elisabeth , Deater-Deckard Kirby , Kataja Eeva-Leena , Karrasch Mira , Laine Matti , Pelto Juho , Holmberg Eeva , Lahtela Hetti , Ahrnberg Hanna , Kajanoja Jani , Karukivi Max , Karlsson Hasse , Karlsson Linnea , Korja Riikka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The growing interest in parental cognition calls for research clarifying how cognition interacts with other parenting determinants to shape caregiving behavior. We studied the interplay between executive functioning (EF; cognitive processes that enable goal-directed thinking and behavior) and alexithymic traits (characterized by emotion processing/regulation difficulties) in relation to emotional availability (EA; the dyad’s ability to share an emotionally healthy relationship). As EF has been reported to shape parents’ ability to regulate thoughts and emotions during caregiving, we examined whether EF moderated the association between maternal alexithymic traits, and EA.

Methods
Among 119 mothers with 2.5-year-olds drawn from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort, EF was measured with Cogstate tasks, alexithymic traits with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and caregiving with the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS).

Results
More alexithymic traits on the TAS-20 subscale Externally Oriented Thinking (EOT) were associated with poorer caregiving in a hierarchical regression analysis (ΔR
2 = 0.05, p = .01). A marginally significant moderation effect was found when adding the EOTxEF interaction term to the model (ΔR
2 = 0.03, p = .06). These associations weakened slightly when controlling for education level. Estimation of simple slopes and a Johnson-Neyman figure indicated a significant association between higher EOT and lower EAS, that increased in strength as EF decreased from the group mean level.

Conclusions
The influence of cognitive alexithymic traits on EA could be especially pronounced among low EF parents, but further studies are needed to support and extend the findings. The potential role of parental reflective functioning in this context is discussed.
A projection-free method for solving convex bilevel optimization problems
Authors: Giang-Tran Khanh-Hung , Ho-Nguyen Nam , Lee Dabeen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhen faced with multiple minima of an inner-level convex optimization problem, the convex bilevel optimization problem selects an optimal solution which also minimizes an auxiliary outer-level convex objective of interest. Bilevel optimization requires a different approach compared to single-level optimization problems since the set of minimizers for the inner-level objective is not given explicitly. In this paper, we propose a new projection-free conditional gradient method for convex bilevel optimization which requires only a linear optimization oracle over the base domain. We establish $$O(t^{-1/2})$$

O
(

t

-
1
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2

)

convergence rate guarantees for our method in terms of both inner- and outer-level objectives, and demonstrate how additional assumptions such as quadratic growth and strong convexity result in accelerated rates of up to $$O(t^{-1})$$

O
(

t

-
1

)

and $$O(t^{-2/3})$$

O
(

t

-
2
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3

)

for inner- and outer-levels respectively. Lastly, we conduct a numerical study to demonstrate the performance of our method.
Possible formation of long-lived photo-oxidants by photolysis of organic matter phenols in sunlit waters
Authors: Brigante Marcello , Vione Davide 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Photodegradation in sunlit waters is a major process of contaminant abatement, yet underlying chemical processes in the presence of dissolved organic matter are poorly known. Long-lived photo-oxidants are reactive species formed when the chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorbs sunlight, and they are involved in the degradation of contaminants. Previous works identified long-lived photo-oxidants with phenoxy radicals, which could be formed upon oxidation of natural phenols by the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Here, we generated reactive phenoxy radicals by direct ultraviolet-A photolysis of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol. We measured the second-order rate constants for reaction of these phenoxy radicals with 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, a model electron-rich phenol. Results show rate constants of 9.39 × 108(M﻿−1s−1) for the 2-nitrophenoxyl radical, and 1.56 × 108(M﻿−1s﻿−1) for the 4-nitrophenoxyl radical. These values are slightly lower than the typical rate constant of the reaction between 2,4,6-trimethylphenol and the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter, of 3 × 109(M−1s−1). This means that 2,4,6-trimethylphenol would not be degraded to comparable extents by the excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and by long-lived photo-oxidants, if long-lived photo-oxidants were generated solely by the triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Overall, findings suggest the occurrence of new pathway involving the direct photolysis of organic matter phenols that generates long-lived photo-oxidants.
Modelling mathematics for educational research and practice: a comparison of two theoretical approaches
Authors: Hochmuth Reinhard , Peters Jana , Rønning Frode , Winsløw Carl 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The production and use of explicit models of mathematics are important elements of research in Didactics of Mathematics. In this paper, we present and compare two different European approaches to didactical modelling. The first, centred around the notion of basic idea (Grundvorstellung), arose in German-speaking countries as a development within Subject Matter Didactics (Stoffdidaktik). The second is the notion of praxeology from the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic, which originated in France. After presenting the genesis and interpretation of these notions as theoretical modelling tools, we provide a detailed case study of actual models produced with these tools, concerning the notion of limits and derivatives. Furthermore, we identify similarities and differences of both models in how they can support didactical research and practice, for instance, by identifying important phenomena or problems. We conclude that the two approaches offer important, different and, to some extent, complementary positions and perspectives.
Therapeutic applications of eucalyptus essential oils
Authors: Shiekh Riham A. El , Atwa Ahmed M. , Elgindy Ali M. , Mustafa Aya M. , Senna Mohamed Magdy , Alkabbani Mahmoud Abdelrahman , Ibrahim Kawther Magdy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Eucalyptus essential oils (EEOs) have gained significant attention recently anticipated to their broad range of prospective benefits in various biological applications. They have been proven to have strong antibacterial properties against a variety of bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This makes them valuable in combating infections and supporting overall hygiene. The active compounds present in these oils can help alleviate inflammation, making them valuable in addressing inflammatory conditions such as arthritis, respiratory ailments, and skin disorders. Respiratory health benefits are another prominent aspect of EEOs. Inhalation of these oils can help promote clear airways, relieve congestion, and ease symptoms of respiratory conditions like coughs, colds, and sinusitis. They are often utilized in inhalation therapies and chest rubs. They can be used topically or in massage oils to alleviate muscle and joint pain. Furthermore, these oils have shown potential in supporting wound healing. Their antimicrobial activity helps prevent infection, while their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties contribute to reducing inflammation and pain associated with wounds. In aromatherapy, EEOs are renowned for their invigorating and uplifting qualities, promoting mental clarity, relaxation, and stress relief. Overall, EEOs hold great promise in biological applications, offering a natural and versatile approach to promote health and well-being. Continued research and exploration of their therapeutic potential will further unveil their benefits and broaden their applications in various fields.
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis in Northern Algeria using the Parametric-Historic method
Authors: Bellalem Fouzi , Pavlenko Vasily A. , Molina Sergio , Maouche Said , Sawires Rashad , Bezzeghoud Mourad , Talbi Abdelhak , Mobarki Mourad 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study the seismic hazard in Northern Algeria is analyzed by using a probabilistic approach, and specifically the parametric-historic method. This method enables the incorporation of the entire accessible seismic history into the analysis and effectively addresses both the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of the seismicity parameters. The recently compiled earthquake catalog covering the region and spanning the period from 1658 to 2018 was used for estimating the seismicity parameters. The seismic hazard maps in terms of peak ground acceleration (PGA) were calculated for return period of 475 years for rock, stiff soil, and soft soil conditions. The uniform hazard spectra (UHS) for the major cities in Northern Algeria were calculated for the same conditions. The largest PGA values are observed near the cities of Chlef, Algiers, Blida, Medea, and Tipasa. Arguably the most important obtained result is evident in the seismic hazard estimates for the capital city of Algiers, which significantly exceed previously published estimates.
Club convergence in regional labor productivity: how do Australian states and territories compare to the US, UK, and Canadian subnational regions?
Authors: Temoso Omphile , Koomson Isaac , Thomy Buyani 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDeveloping strategies to enhance productivity growth requires identifying leading and lagging regions, industries, and growth drivers. However, there are limited cross-country studies using subnational data. Our study goes beyond the traditional country convergence approach and estimates labor productivity convergence using Philips and Sul’s club convergence approach and subnational data from 2004 to 2020. We aim to determine whether labor productivity growth rates in Australian states and territories are equal, converging, or divergent as compared to United States, United Kingdom, and Canadian subnational regions. The results show that five Australian jurisdictions, including Western Australia and New South Wales, are in the high labor productivity group (Club 1), while the remaining three i.e., Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, and Queensland, are in the moderate growth group (Club 2). We also used fixed effects models with least squares dummy variable estimators to identify the club’s characteristics. The results show that regions with a high proportion of employees in information and communications technology, energy, mining, and resources experienced higher labor productivity growth than those with a manufacturing sector. Human capital, innovation, and household disposable income were associated with high labor productivity, whereas high old-age dependency and children-to-women ratios were associated with lower growth. These results are consistent with the macroeconomic phenomenon that economic development leads to inequality and polarization in certain regions of a country. Nonetheless, the findings are useful for decision-makers and researchers to use in benchmarking and improving regional strategies by identifying regional peers and factors that influence convergence or divergence that can be improved. The results provide insightful findings for consideration by policymakers seeking to boost labor productivity or to bridge regional gaps in productivity.
Optimizing quality and cost in remanufacturing under uncertainty
Authors: Stamer Florian , Sauer Jana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the context of growing sustainability demands, businesses are increasingly adapting their production practices by integrating remanufacturing. However, companies often face challenges in profitably implementing remanufacturing due to complexities arising from uncertainties in processes, product quality, and market conditions. This highlights the need for effective decision support in remanufacturing processes. Addressing this challenge, our research introduces an algorithm designed to identify cost-efficient process plans that optimize order fulfillment while considering a company’s specific capabilities and inventory levels. By modeling the remanufacturing planning process as a Markov process, our algorithm comprehensively accounts for both process-related and quality-related uncertainties. This approach enables the evaluation of all Pareto optimal process plans in terms of cost efficiency and reliability. We validate our methodology through a real-world application in the automation industry, specifically focusing on the remanufacturing of variable speed drives. This case study demonstrates the practical relevance of our approach and a potential for significant cost reductions, enhanced process efficiency, and improved labor productivity. Overall, businesses gain critical insights into the financial prospects of their remanufacturing efforts, identifying opportunities for optimization and expansion into new product quality categories. This enhances their economic potential and aligns with consumer preferences for distinct product qualities.