bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptual Disconnect: An Ethnographic Account of Immigrant Political Incorporation
Authors: Fittante Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractScholarship often assumes that there is a correlation between successful immigrant political incorporation and newcomers’ ability to make sustained claims and reallocate city or state resources. By influencing or nominating legislators, scholars assume immigrants become civically engaged and politically empowered. However, these assumptions have not been tested. This article explores the personal experiences and perceptions of Armenian immigrants in Glendale, California, where nearly 40 per cent of the city's 200,000+ population is of Armenian descent, 70 per cent of whom are first‐generation immigrants. Furthermore, over 70 per cent of Glendale's elected officials claim Armenian ancestry. Nonetheless, many of Glendale's Armenian residents do not perceive the benefits of their electoral achievements. That is, there exists aperceptual disconnectbetween the city's ethnic‐leaning reallocations and the residents’ recognition thereof. This article argues, therefore, that electoral incorporation may not, after all, prove the final step in the achievement and perception of inclusion.
It is about timing: Network prestige in asynchronous online discussions
Authors: Chen Bodong , Huang Tianhui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAsynchronous online discussions are broadly used to support social learning. This paper reports on an undergraduate class's online discussion activities over one semester. Applying social network analysis, this study revealed a participation gap among students reflected by their varied levels of network prestige. The low‐prestige group initiated equivalent volumes of interactions but were less reciprocated. In‐depth analysis found the high‐prestige group also advantageous in other network measures such as closeness centrality and eigenvector centrality, as well as the strength, persistence, and reciprocity of their ties. To probe potential explanations of the revealed gap, we further contrasted post content and posting behaviours between two groups. Results did not identify any significant differences in post content but found low‐prestige students' participation less timely and more temporally compressed. This paper calls for attention to the participation gap in online discussions, microlevel temporal patterns of student activities, and practical means to scaffold student participation in asynchronous online discussions.
Effectiveness of single‐ vs dual‐coil implantable defibrillator leads: An observational analysis from the SIMPLE study
Authors: Neuzner Jörg , Hohnloser Stefan H. , Kutyifa Valentina , Glikson Michael , Dietze Thomas , Mabo Philippe , Vinolas Xavier , Kautzner Josef , O'Hara Gilles , Lawo Thomas , Brachmann Johannes , VanErven Liselot , Gadler Fredrik , Appl Ursula , Wang Jia , Connolly Stuart J. , Healey Jeff S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionDual‐coil leads (DC‐leads) were the standard of choice since the first nonthoracotomy implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD). We used contemporary data to determine if DC‐leads offer any advantage over single‐coil leads (SC‐leads), in terms of defibrillation efficacy, safety, clinical outcome, and complication rates.Methods and ResultsIn the Shockless IMPLant Evaluation study, 2500 patients received a first implanted ICD and were randomized to implantation with or without defibrillation testing. Two thousand and four hundred seventy‐five patients received SC‐coil or DC‐coil leads (SC‐leads in 1025/2475 patients; 41.4%). In patients who underwent defibrillation testing (n = 1204), patients with both lead types were equally likely to achieve an adequate defibrillation safety margin (88.8% vs 91.2%; P = 0.16). There was no overall effect of lead type on the primary study endpoint of “failed appropriate shock or arrhythmic death” (adjusted HR 1.18; 95% CI, 0.86‐1.62; P = 0.300), and on all‐cause mortality (SC‐leads: 5.34%/year; DC‐leads: 5.48%/year; adjusted HR 1.16; 95% CI, 0.94‐1.43; P = 0.168). However, among patients without prior heart failure (HF), and SC‐leads had a significantly higher risk of failed appropriate shock or arrhythmic death (adjusted HR 7.02; 95% CI, 2.41‐20.5). There were no differences in complication rates.ConclusionIn this nonrandomized evaluation, there was no overall difference in defibrillation efficacy, safety, outcome, and complication rates between SC‐leads and DC‐leads. However, DC‐leads were associated with a reduction in the composite of failed appropriate shock or arrhythmic death in the subgroup of non‐HF patients. Considering riskier future lead extraction with DC‐leads, SC‐leads appears to be preferable in the majority of patients.
Position statement: LEPROSY: Diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up
Authors: Alemu Belachew W. , Naafs B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeprosy or Hansen's disease is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) or Mycobacterium lepromatosis (M. lepromatosis). In Europe, most of the leprosy cases are imported. However, occasionally a case is diagnosed in one of the old endemic foci. Leprosy is often not suspected because it is no longer emphasized in the medical curricula. Attention shifted from leprosy to tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus infections in the late 20th century, whereby the WHO leprosy programme was toned down in the conviction that leprosy was all but eliminated. The result of unawareness is a harmful doctor's delay.Material and methodsThis paper focusses on clinical diagnosis, complications and treatment based on literature and experience.ResultsIt mentions the value of laboratory tests in classification, follow‐up and detection of relapses. It discusses the etiopathology.ConclusionThis is a position statement.
Sheep's milk concentration by ultrafiltration and cheese elaboration
Authors: Faion Andréia M. , Becker Jenefher , Fernandes Ilizandra A. , Steffens Juliana , Valduga Eunice 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study aimed at concentrating sheep milk using ultrafiltration as well as Pecorino cheese elaboration and characterization. Sheep milk ultrafiltration at 22°C, for 30 min and 2 bar, provided an approximately fourfold increase in the protein and fat concentrations, consequently increased cheese yield by 17%. The cheese stored for 30 days was classified as high moisture (52%), semi‐fat (29%) with 37% protein content. High positive correlations were observed (>0.80) for depth index in relation to extension index, serine, glutamic acid, proline, methionine, valine, and phenylalanine. Arginine, threonine, aspartic acid, leucine, and lysinepresented negative (p < .05) correlations for protein. The use of concentrated sheep milk enables obtaining differential products with added‐value asan alternative technology.Practical applicationsSheep milk is used in fine cheese production, mainly in Europe. The southern state of Rio Grande do Sul is the main sheep milk producer in Brazil with approximately 158,000 L per year, a market lacking further prospecting for products with different characteristics. Sheep milk concentration by ultrafiltration increases its protein contents that consequently enhancing the cheese yield as well as offering a flavor differential. In the present work, it was possible to verify that the milk concentration at 22°C, for 30 min and 2 bar, using 10 kDa membrane provided a fourfold increase in protein and fat concentrations, consequently increasing cheese yield by 17%, which provided a cheese with distinctive nutritional characteristics when compared to those made with nonconcentrated milk.
Effect of subcritical water processing on the extraction of compounds, composition, and functional properties of asparagus by‐product
Authors: Iwassa Isabela J. , dos Santos Ribeiro Marcos A. , Meurer Eduardo C. , Cardozo‐Filho Lúcio , Bolanho Beatriz C. , da Silva Camila 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to submit the asparagus by‐product to the subcritical water treatment, evaluating the extraction of antioxidants compounds (AC) and total reducing sugars (TRS), as well as, the composition and technological properties of the residual material. The effects of temperature (100–160 °C) and pressure (100–200 bar) on extraction were evaluated, for total extraction time of 120 min. The results showed that the increase in temperature favored the removal of AC and this variable did not cause modification of most of the compounds identified by mass spectra analysis. The highest removal of AC was observed up to 30 min. The increase in temperature decreased the TRS content. The pressure did not affect the extraction of sugars and AC in the conditions evaluated. The treatment was efficient for the modification of the physico‐chemical composition and technological properties of residual material, reducing the TRS content and improving the ratio of soluble fiber to insoluble fiber.Practical applicationsAsparagus by‐product can be an interesting source of nutrients, like dietary fiber and antioxidant compounds. To maximize the antioxidant yield obtained from this by‐product, it can be used the subcritical water extraction (SWE) that is considered a green solvent. Besides this, the SWE promotes the concentration of dietary fibers of the treated material, due to the sugars removal, and improves the functional properties, which can facilitate the utilization of this material in the development of new food products.
Caring for an older person with dementia in the Emergency Department (ED): An Appreciative Inquiry exploring family member and ED nurse experiences
Authors: Watkins Sarah , Murphy Fiona , Kennedy Catriona , Dewar Belinda , Graham Margaret 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo generate insights about what matters and is valued by family members of older people with dementia in the emergency department. To explore the experiences of emergency nurses looking after older people with dementia in an episode of care.BackgroundIn the emergency department, older people with dementia are at risk of suboptimal care. Little is known of the experiences of family members of being with an older person with dementia in the emergency department or the experiences of emergency nurses looking after older people with dementia in this environment.Design and methodsPhase 1 Data Analysis of the Discovery Phase of an Appreciative Inquiry study. Study participants were family members of older people with dementia and emergency nurses. Data collection methods included interviews with family members of older people with dementia and 30 hr of participant observation working alongside emergency nurses. This study was guided by the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.ResultsTwo themes emerged from the analysis: What matters to family members with four subthemes and challenges for family members and nurses in the emergency department with two subthemes.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that some emergency nurses are connecting with family members even in the briefest of clinical encounters. It is feasible for more emergency nurses to do the same more of the time.Relevance to clinical practiceThe older person with dementia must be given a triage category of no less than 3 (to be seen by the doctor within the hour) on arrival in the department. Further education is needed to assist emergency nurses to establish rapport and incorporate family member insights as part of care planning and assessment of the needs of the older person with dementia.
After Disclosure: A Research Protocol to Respond to Disclosures of Abuse and Sexual Violence in Research With Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Sammet Moring Nechama , Parish Susan L. , Mitra Monika , Alterio Nancy A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) have high lifetime risk of abuse and assault, including sexual violence. As adults with ID participate in research, researchers must be prepared for disclosures of past or current abuse. In collaboration with our state's protective agency, we developed a protocol for responding effectively to disclosures of sexual violence from adult research participants with ID. We completed a literature review clarifying best practices for responding to disclosures of abuse by adults with ID. The literature focused on various professionals but we were unable to find evidence clarifying researchers' roles in responding to sexual violence. Working with our state protective services agency, we adapted these practices to develop protocols and an algorithm for responding to disclosure, as well as materials for participants. Our protocol for abuse reporting considers all members of the research team to be mandated reporters, emphasizes informed consent, and details specific steps for responding to disclosures of abuse in the context of research. It represents a collaboration between academic researchers and community partners. Research participation by people with ID may represent an opportunity for disclosure of past or current abuse, and therefore, it is imperative that researchers are equipped to respond effectively. Policy‐level responses to prevent abuse and enable justice are also needed; however, ensuring that researchers respond systematically and effectively to disclosures is crucial to the ethical conduct of research with a vulnerable population. We anticipate that the frequency with which researchers will need to use this protocol will depend on the nature of their research. In practice, we recommend including this protocol as part of the overall study protocol and submitting it for Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. Future research to test our protocol in the field is recommended.
Synergistic effect of extreme climatic events and urbanization on population density of the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabricius, 1787)
Authors: Machado Phillipe M. , Tavares Davi C. , Zalmon Ilana R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe combined effects of urbanization and extreme climatic events were examined on the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata, a well‐recognized ecological indicator in sandy beaches. The effect of storm waves was assessed before and after these climate events in beaches with different levels of urbanization in the coast of Brazil, Tropical Atlantic Ocean. The number of burrows was used as a metric for the population size of O. quadrata and the number of humans along the beaches as a proxy for the urbanization level. Significant differences were recorded in this species’ population density according to the human pressure. Our core modelling approach showed that the number of O. quadrata burrows was lower after storm waves in urbanized zones, compared to non‐urbanized ones. The interaction between storm waves and urbanization impacted the number of O. quadrata burrows negatively, and suggest that species’ populations are more vulnerable to the combined effects of extreme climatic events and urbanization. Extreme events are predicted to increase in frequency in the next few decades, and may modify or impair ecosystem functioning in sandy beaches by reducing populations of the O. quadrata, an important beach scavenger, which markedly contribute to the flux of energy in coastal trophic webs.
Use of a donor iliac vein graft for reconstruction of the inferior vena cava in liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma with caval extension
Authors: Hort Amy , Karpelowsky Jonathan , Shun Albert , Thomas Gordon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComplete microscopic tumor resection is critical for successful treatment of hepatoblastoma, and this may include when liver transplantation is required. For tumors involving the IVC or PV, complete resection should include the involved IVC or PV to ensure full tumor clearance. When this is required, the venous reconstruction at transplant or post‐excision can be challenging. We present the management of an 18‐month‐old girl with PRETEXT Stage IV (P, V, F) hepatoblastoma and IVC involvement, where native caval resection and reconstruction was required. The preoperative staging following neoadjuvant chemotherapy was POSTTEXT Stage IV (P, V, F). An orthotopic liver transplantation was performed using a left lateral segment graft from a deceased adult donor. With native hepatectomy, retrohepatic IVC resection from just above the hepatic venous confluence to just above the entry of the right adrenal vein was performed. For caval reconstruction, a venous graft from a deceased donor was used. The graft included the lower IVC with the right common iliac vein and a short stump of the left common iliac vein. The common iliac was a perfect size match for the IVC, and the three natural ostia matched the upper cava, lower cava, and the outflow from the donor left hepatic vein. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and remains well and disease‐free 2 years after transplant with continued patency of the reconstructed cava. When indicated, a donor iliac vein graft with its natural ostia should be considered in caval reconstruction for pediatric liver transplantation.
Workplace democracy—The recent debate
Authors: Frega Roberto , Herzog Lisa , Neuhäuser Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe article reviews the recent debate about workplace democracy. It first presents and critically discusses arguments in favor of democratizing the firm that are based on the analogy with states, meaningful work, the avoidance of unjustified hierarchies, and beneficial effects on political democracy. The second part presents and critically discusses arguments against workplace democracy that are based on considerations of efficiency, the difficulties of a transition towards democratic firms, and liberal commitments such as the rights of employees and owners to work for or invest in nondemocratic firms. The conclusion summarizes the debate and argues that experiments with democratic workplaces as what Erik Olin Wright calls “real utopias” could deliver new insights and thus move the discussion forward.
Measuring and Managing Ex Ante Transaction Costs in Public Sector Contracting
Authors: Petersen Ole Helby , Baekkeskov Erik , Potoski Matthew , Brown Trevor L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTransaction cost attributes, such as the complexity of the product being purchased, shape the risk that government contracts will fail. When transaction cost risks are particularly strong, a common prescription is to avoid contracting altogether or, if it is unavoidable, to spend additional resources on contract management activities. This article presents evidence on the size and variability of governments' ex ante transaction cost spending, using original data from 72 contracts issued by 47 Danish local governments. Ex ante transaction costs average 2.7 percent per contract and are relatively higher when services are more complex and lower when governments have prior contracting experience and contracts were larger. The analyses suggest the importance of distinguishing between transaction cost attributes and governments' choices to spend resources in response to them. Effective management spending in the face of transaction costs can help governments organize and capture value from contracting with private businesses.
Bootstrapping mean‐squared errors of robust small‐area estimators: Application to the method‐of‐payments surveys data
Authors: Jiongo Valery D. , Nguimkeu Pierre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes a new bootstrap procedure for mean‐squared errors of robust small‐area estimators. We formally prove the asymptotic validity of the proposed bootstrap method and examine its finite‐sample performance through Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that our procedure performs well and competes with existing ones. We also provide an application to the estimation of the total volume and value of cash, debit card, and credit card transactions in Canada as well as in its provinces and subgroups of households. In particular, we found that there is a significant average annual decline rate of 3.1% in the volume of cash transactions and that this decline is relatively higher among high‐income households living in heavily populated provinces. Our bootstrap estimator also provides indicators of quality useful in selecting the best small‐area predictor among several alternatives in practice.
Researching Rural Housing: With an Artist in Residence
Authors: Gkartzios Menelaos , Crawshaw Julie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article presents a unique amalgam across artistic research and rural sociology. We draw on a collaborative art residence programme between a University and an arts organisation in England, which invited an artist to respond to a highly contentious topic in rural England: housing development. The ambition for the residency was, firstly, to provide new perspectives on rural housing research, and, secondly, to provide a space for engagement between the local community, planners and academics. Through our interdisciplinary collaboration, we explore how Sander Van Raemdonck’s artistic process worked towards these ambitions. The artistic practice involved a walk with the local community, a peripatos, in a post‐industrial site proposed for housing development. Drawing on the artistic practice, the interdisciplinary team developed then a second walk, a ‘walkshop’, to mediate between housing/planning experts and reflect on the experience of the artistic practice. Following those artists and social scientists that already utilise walking as a method, we argue that the artistic peripatos can support a multi‐sensory way of communicating, a way to get ‘under the skin of a place’. More critically, we argue that artist in residence programmes provide rich opportunity to develop interdisciplinary research with artists.
Association between hypotension and serious illness in the emergency department: an observational study
Authors: Hagedoorn Nienke N , Zachariasse Joany M , Moll Henriette A 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe value of routine blood pressure measurement in the emergency department (ED) is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the association between hypotension in addition to tachycardia and the Shock Index for serious illness.DesignObservational study.SettingUniversity ED (2009–2016).Participants, methods and main outcomesRoutine data collected from consecutive children <16 years. Using logistic regression, we assessed the association between hypotension (adjusted for tachycardia) and Shock Index (ratio heart rate/blood pressure [BP]) for serious illness. The predictive accuracy (sensitivity, specificity) for hypotension and Shock Index was determined for serious illness, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital admissions.ResultsWe included 10 698 children with measured BP. According to three age-adjusted clinical cut-offs (Advanced Paediatric Life Support, Paediatric Advanced Life Support and Paediatric Early Warning Score), hypotension was significantly associated with ICU admission when adjusted for tachycardia (range OR 2.6–5.3). Hypotension showed low sensitivity (range 0.05–0.12) and high specificity (range 0.95–0.99) for ICU admission. Combining hypotension and tachycardia did not change the predictive value for ICU admission. Similar results were found for hospitalisation. Shock index was associated with serious illness. However, no specific cut-off value was identified in different age groups.ConclusionsHypotension, adjusted for tachycardia, is associated with serious illness, although its sensitivity is limited. Shock index showed an association with serious illness, but no acceptable cut-off value could be identified. Routine BP measurement in all children to detect hypotension has limited value in the ED. Future studies need to confirm which patients could benefit from BP measurement.