bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fossil amber reveals springtails’ longstanding dispersal by social insects
Authors: Robin Ninon , D'Haese Cyrille , Barden Phillip 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Dispersal is essential for terrestrial organisms living in disjunct habitats and constitutes a significant challenge for the evolution of wingless taxa. Springtails (Collembola), the sister-group of all insects (with dipluran), are reported since the Lower Devonian and thought to have originally been subterranean. The order Symphypleona is reported since the early Cretaceous with genera distributed on every continent, implying an ability to disperse over oceans although never reported in marine water contrary to other springtail orders. Despite being highly widespread, modern springtails are generally rarely reported in any kind of biotic association. Interestingly, the fossil record has provided occasional occurrences of Symphypleona attached by the antennae onto the bodies of larger arthropods.
Results: Here, we document the case of a ~16 Ma old fossil association: a winged termite and ant displaying not some, but 25 springtails attached or closely connected to the body. The collembola exhibit rare features for fossils, reflecting their courtship and phoretic behaviors. By observing the modes of attachment of springtails on different arthropods, the sex representation and ratios in springtail antennal anatomies in new and previously reported cases, we infer a likely mechanism for dispersal in Symphypleona. By revealing hidden evidence of modern springtail associations with other invertebrates such as ants and termites, new compelling assemblages of fossil springtails and the drastic increase of eusocial insects’ abundance over Cenozoic (ants/termites comprising more than the third of insects in Miocene amber), we stress that attachment with winged casts of ants and termites may have been a mechanism for the worldwide dispersal of this significant springtail lineage. Moreover, by comparing the general constraints applying to the other wingless soil-dwelling arthropods known to disperse through phoresy, we suggest biases in the collection and observation of phoretic Symphypleona related to their reflexive detachment and infer that this behavior continues today.
Conclusions: The specific case of tree resin entrapment represents the (so far) only condition uncovering the actual dispersal mechanism of springtails - one of the oldest terrestrial arthropod lineages living today. Associations with soil-dwelling social insects over time would have been at the origin of this behavioural specialization.
Bilateral hypocalcemic cataract after total thyroidectomy in a young woman: Case report
Authors: daba kumale tolesa , Michael Dagmawit Kifle W/ , Mulugeta Gersam Abera 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Hypocalcemia is a derangement in serum calcium level due to a vast spectrum of disorders, but the most common cause is surgery, usually thyroid gland surgery. Symptoms of hypocalcemia can be due to increased neuromuscular excitation resulting in tetany, paresthesia or seizure. It can also be because of deposition of calcium in soft tissues producing reduced vision /cataract or calcification of basal ganglia. Cataract is the most common ocular symptom of hypocalcemia. Case report: A twenty-six years old Ethiopian female patient presented with painless reduction of vision of both eyes. Five years prior to the reduction of vision she was diagnosed to have hypocalcemia. The serum calcium level was very low (3mg/dl) due to damage to the parathyroid gland during total thyroidectomy for toxic goiter. She has been on supplemental calcium gluconate twice daily. She had typical bilateral symmetrical posterior sub capsular cataract with punctate iridescent opacities in the anterior and posterior cortex of the lens. Systemic examination revealed horizontal surgical scar on the anterior neck and positive Chvostek sign.
DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF COMPOSITIONS FROM PRODUCTS OF DEEP PROCESSING OF SECONDARY MEAT RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Kremenevskaya Marianna I. , Dobryagin Ruslan V. , Bogomolov Vladimir V. , Snarkiy Sergey I. 
Published: July 2019

The development of protein ingredients based on the composites from secondary collagen-containing meat raw materials and obtained by the methods of deep processing attracts increasing attention of specialists.In the presented work, the composite and mass composition of the protein ingredient from hydrolysates of beef hide split, pork skin and blood plasma in a ratio of 45:45:10 was established. The improved amino acid composition of the protein ingredient due to addition of dry blood plasma suggests an increased biological and nutritional value of the developed product. Addition of up to 15 % of the protein ingredient instead of beef in the technology of minced semi-prepared products improves the rheological and organoleptic characteristics of the finished product.
Analisis Kualitatif Logam Cd Pada Sungai JL. Kaligawe Raya
Authors: Rahmawati Silvi 
Published: July 2019

<em>Sepanjang Jl. Kaligawe Raya terdapat berbagai macam industri, sehingga berpotensi menjadi sumber logam berat Cd yang dapat mencemari sungai yang ada disekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara kualitatif kandungan logam berat Cd dalam air di sungai yang mengalir di sepanjang Jl. Kaligawe Raya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2018. Metode penelitian adalah studi kasus. Analisis logam Cd dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan empat pereaksi yang berbeda.menggunakan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sungai tersebut terdeteksi logam berat Cd pada Stasiun 3 sedangkan pada stasiun 1 dan 2 tidak terdeteksi</em>
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI LARUTAN HF PADA PROSES PREPARASI TERHADAP KADAR UNSUR BAHAN MAGNETIK PASIR BESI
Authors: Rettob Abraham Laurens , Karbeka Martasiana 
Published: July 2019

<p class="E-JournalAbstractBodyIndo">Bahan magnetik (BM) pasir besi alam merupakan salah satu sumber adsorben magnetik. Selain BM, pasir besi alam juga mengandung bahan non-magnetik . Preparasi BM pasir besi dilakukan pada penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kadar unsur magnetik di dalamnya. Pasir besi alam yang digunakan berasal dari pesisir pantai Lansilowo. Preparasi dilakukan dengan pencucian menggunakan larutan HF dengan konsentrasi 0, 2, 5 dan 10%. Hasil analisis kadar unsur dengan XRF menunjukkan bahwa unsur dominan pada pasir besi Lansilowo adalah Fe dan Cr, yang merupakan unsur penyumbang sifat kemagnetan pada BM. Pencucian dengan larutan HF berbagai konsentrasi menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan kadar unsur pada BM. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi larutan HF mengakibatkan terjadinya peningkatan kadar Fe dan Cr total (89,56%) serta penurunan kadar Si (2,60%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi larutan HF optimum yang digunakan adalah 10%.</p><p> </p>
Evaluation of genotoxicity and hematological effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) induced by disinfection by-products
Authors: Perveen Samina , Hashmi Imran , Khan Romana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDisinfection is intended to improve drinking water quality and human health. Although disinfectants may transform organic matter and form disinfection by-products (DBPs), many are branded as cyto- and genotoxic. Traditionally, research focuses on the effects of DBPs on human health, but cytogenic impacts on aquatic organisms still remain ill defined. The current study examines the potential toxic effect of chloroform and iodoform (DBPs) on Cyprinus carpio, selected as a model organism. Fish specimens were exposed to various concentrations of DBPs primarily based on LD50 values, where acute toxicity was monitored for 96 h. Headspace SPME extraction through gas chromatography was employed to assess the effects of spiked DBPs doses in fish blood. Cytotoxicity was monitored using Comet assay. Tail length, tail DNA, and olive tail moment values were quantified to be significant (P &lt; 0.05) as compared to control. A statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05) decrease in all blood parameters (hematology) was observed. Changes in biochemical indices (glucose, total protein, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) were also significant. ALT secretion was significantly increased (93 ± 0.05 and 82.8 ± 0.1 U/L) at higher concentration compared to control (56 ± 0.1 U/L), suggesting liver damage. Results demonstrated that iodoform was statistically more damaging as compared to chloroform.
Estudo de impactos sociais abordados em artigos científicos de turismo via periódico Capes
Authors: Damas Marcos Tonet , Brambatti Luiz Ernesto 
Published: July 2019

RESUMO

Entender o turismo como uma atividade multidisciplinar que vai além de bens e serviços se faz necessário, visto que tal relação traz um melhor entendimento relacionado aos impactos sociais existentes entre ambos. Pretende-se neste trabalho verificar como os impactos sociais do turismo vem sendo trabalhados em artigos encontrados através do portal de periódico CAPES no período de 2015 á 2017, foram analisados sobre o viés de impactos sociais, com o intuito de discutir as experiências de pesquisadores sobre o tema, como também analisar suas complexidades e limitações relacionadas às experiências, consequências que a atividade turística pode vir a trazer. Nesse contexto, compreender essas experiências trazidas pelos autores traz maior clareza entre teoria e prática, contribuindo assim para a importância do entendimento das esferas sobre seus possíveis tipos de impactos podendo ser tanto positivos ou negativos, alternativas e análises encontradas. A metodologia utilizada refere-se a pesquisa de caráter exploratória e bibliográfica, no qual teve-se como resultado geral 81 artigos analisados entre os anos de 2015 até 2017, sendo que em uma avaliação mais criteriosa, percebeu-se que deste total apenas 30 artigos científicos tratavam do tema objeto deste estudo, Desta forma os artigos analisados trazem entendimentos significativos para o tema proposto neste estudo, onde as situações relatadas apresentam total coerência e acima de tudo seriedade ao se abordar os impactos sociais do turismo e suas múltiplas inter-relações.

Palavras-chaves: Impactos sociais do turismo; artigos científicos; reflexões;
From Healthy Aging to Frailty: In Search of the Underlying Mechanisms
Authors: Brivio Paola , Paladini Maria Serena , Racagni Giorgio , Riva Marco Andrea , Calabrese Francesca , Molteni Raffaella 
Published: July 2019

:Population aging is accelerating rapidly worldwide, from 461 million people older than 65 years in 2004 to an estimated 2 billion people by 2050, leading to critical implications for the planning and delivery of health and social care.:The most problematic expression of population aging is the clinical condition of frailty, which is a state of increased vulnerability that develops as a consequence of the accumulation of microscopic damages in many physiological systems that lead to a striking and disproportionate change in health state, even after an apparently small insult.:Since little is known about the biology of frailty, an important perspective to understand this phenomenon is to establish how the alterations that physiologically occur during a condition of healthy aging may instead promote cumulative decline with subsequent depletion of homoeostatic reserve and increase the vulnerability also after minor stressor events.:In this context, the present review aims to provide a description of the molecular mechanisms that, by having a critical impact on behavior and neuronal function in aging, might be relevant for the development of frailty. Moreover, since these biological systems are also involved in the coping strategies set in motion to respond to environmental challenges, we propose a role for lifestyle stress as an important player to drive frailty in aging.
Free Radical Scavenging and Some Pharmaceutical Utilities of Nanoparticles in the Recent Scenario
Authors: Baskaran Xavier-Ravi , Vigila Antony-Varuvel G. , Rajan Kilimas , Zhang Shouzhou , Liao Wenbo 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Nanopharmaceuticals have rapidly emerged as a means to cure several diseases. There
are numerous reports describing the development and application of nanopharmaceuticals. Here, we discussed
nanoparticle synthesis and the mechanisms to scavenge free radicals. We also discuss their major properties and
list several commercially available nanomedicines.

Results:
Reactive oxygen and hydrogen species are formed during normal metabolism, and excessive reactive
species can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA and cause disease. Plant- and microbe-based nanoparticles, which
can protect tissues from free radical damage, have recently gained research momentum because they are inexpensive
and safe.

Conclusion:
Synthetic and biocompatible nanoparticles exhibit antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and
anticancer properties, which can be used to treat several diseases. Further studies are needed to investigate their
sizes, dose-dependent activities, and mechanisms of action.
P1 Receptor Agonists/Antagonists in Clinical Trials - Potential Drug Candidates of the Future
Authors: Borah Pobitra , Deka Satyendra , Mailavaram Raghu Prasad , Deb Pran Kishore 
Published: July 2019

Background:Adenosine mediates various physiological and pathological conditions by acting on its four P1 receptors (A1, A2A, A2B and A3 receptors). Omnipresence of P1 receptors and their activation, exert a wide range of biological activities. Thus, its modulation is implicated in various disorders like Parkinson’s disease, asthma, cardiovascular disorders, cancer etc. Hence these receptors have become an interesting target for the researchers to develop potential therapeutic agents. Number of molecules were designed and developed in the past few years and evaluated for their efficacy in various disease conditions.Objective:The main objective is to provide an overview of new chemical entities which have crossed preclinical studies and reached clinical trials stage following their current status and future prospective.Methods:In this review we discuss current status of the drug candidates which have undergone clinical trials and their prospects.Results:Many chemical entities targeting various subtypes of P1 receptors are patented; twenty of them have crossed preclinical studies and reached clinical trials stage. Two of them viz adenosine and regadenoson are approved by the Food and Drug Administration.Conclusion:This review is an attempt to highlight the current status, progress and probable future of P1 receptor ligands which are under clinical trials as promising novel therapeutic agents and the direction in which research should proceed with a view to come out with novel therapeutic agents.
Comparison of the Quality of Life of Cancer Patients with Pain Treated with Oral Controlled-Release Morphine and Oxycodone and Transdermal Buprenorphine and Fentanyl
Authors: Leppert Wojciech , Nosek Krzysztof 
Published: July 2019

Aim:
To compare the effects of oral morphine and oxycodone and transdermal fentanyl and buprenorphine
on quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients with severe pain.

Patients and Methods:
Cancer patients with severe pain (NRS 6-10) treated at home and in outpatient clinics who
failed to respond to non-opioids and/or “weak” opioids were randomized to morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, or
buprenorphine treatment for 28 days. Immediate-release oral morphine was rescued analgesic and 10-ml lactulose
twice daily was prophylaxis of constipation; no antiemetics were used for prophylaxis.

Results:
Above all, 62 patients participated and 53 patients completed the study. Good analgesia was obtained
with all 4 opioids. Morphine was associated with the less negative impact of pain on the ability to walk and normal
work, and tendency on activity (BPI-SF) and lower consumption of rescue morphine. All 4 opioids elicited
similar adverse effects. According to ESAS, the intensity of nausea and drowsiness increased at the beginning but
decreased as treatment continued. Appetite, well–being, anxiety, depression, and fatigue improved. No changes
were seen in constipation, vomiting and dyspnea. Constipation was rarely observed with all opioids (BFI). Any
opioids improved overall QoL and emotional functioning with tendency improving physical functioning (EORTC
QLQ-C15-PAL). Activity improved (Karnofsky). Morphine induced greater improvement in physical functioning
and trend in improvement mood (HADS).

Conclusion:
All opioids significantly improved patients’ QoL. Morphine induced less negative impact of pain on
daily activities and greater improvement in physical functioning with trends of better mood and less intense fatigue.
Opioid Analgesics Adverse Effects: The Other Side of the Coin
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Opioids are the cornerstone of the management of cancer pain. However, the development
of adverse effects may compromise the opioid response. They include nausea and vomiting, constipation,
drowsiness, sleep disorders, cognitive dysfunction, myoclonus, pruritus, dysuria, dependence and the development
of aberrant behaviors, respiratory depression, and some endocrine responses.

Methods:
The goal of this paper is to identify the most common opioid-related adverse effects, their pathophysiology,
and proposing the possible treatments. This narrative review will describe how these adverse effects may
develop and how to prevent or to treat.

Conclusion:
Intensity of adverse effects tend to decrease with continuous use. However, they may be persistent
and may require symptomatic treatment or more complex treatment including alternative strategies for pain management.
Association between Vitamins and Minerals with Antioxidant Effects and Coronary Artery Calcification in Adults and Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Machado Alisson Diego , Andrade Gustavo Rosa Gentil , Levy Jéssica , Ferreira Sara Silva , Marchioni Dirce Maria 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) is considered an important cardiovascular risk
factor. There is evidence that CAC is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, coronary events and
cardiovascular mortality. Inflammation is one of the factors associated with CAC and despite the interest in antioxidant
compounds that can prevent CAC, its association with antioxidants remains unclear.

Objective:
This study aimed to systematically review the association between vitamins and minerals with antioxidant
effects and CAC in adults and older adults.

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review using PubMed for articles published until October 2018. We included
studies conducted in subjects aged 18 years and older with no previous cardiovascular disease. Studies
involving animal or in vitro experiments and the ones that did not use reference methods to assess the CAC, dietary
intake or serum levels of vitamin or mineral were excluded.

Results:
The search yielded 390 articles. After removal of duplicates, articles not related to the review, review
articles, editorials, hypothesis articles and application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 articles remained.
The results of the studies included in this systematic review suggest that magnesium is inversely associated with
CAC and results on the association between CAC and vitamin E have been conflicting.

Conclusion:
Additional prospective studies are needed to elucidate the role of these micronutrients on CAC.
Tinospora cordifolia Aqueous Extract Alleviates Cyclophosphamide- Induced Immune Suppression, Toxicity and Systemic Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Mice: In vivo Study in Comparison to Antifungal Drug Fluconazole
Authors: Alrumaihi Faris , Allemailem Khaled S. , Almatroudi Ahmad , Alsahli Mohammed A. , Khan Arif , Khan Masood A. 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of
Tinospora cordifolia (AETC) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and systemic
Candida albicans infection in a murine model.

Methods:
The protective effect of AETC against cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia was evaluated
by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the leukocytes. The immune-stimulating potential of AETC
on macrophages was assessed by determining the levels of secreted cytokines. To determine the direct
antifungal activity, AETC or fluconazole was administered to C. albicans infected mice. The efficacy
of treatment was assessed by determining the survival rate, kidney fungal burden, the organ index and
liver inflammation parameters.

Results:
Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in substantial depletion of leukocytes, whereas
AETC treatment induced the recovery of leukocytes in cyclophosphamide-injected mice. Moreover,
AETC treatment of macrophages resulted in enhanced secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β. C. albicans
infected mice treated with AETC at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg exhibited 40% and 60% survival
rate, whereas the mice treated with fluconazole at a dose of 50 mg/kg showed 20% survival rate.
Like survival data, the fungal load was found to be the lowest in the kidney tissues of mice treated with
AETC at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, mice infected with C. albicans demonstrated improvement
in the organ indices and liver functioning after AETC treatment.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that AETC may potentially be used to rejuvenate the weakened
immune system and eliminate systemic candidiasis in mice.
The Application of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampicin, Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction and High Resolution Melting Curve in the Diagnosis of Superficial Lymph Node TB.
Authors: Han Yi , Xiao Ning , Huang Shaojung , Qin Ming , Che Nanying , Liu Zhidong 
Published: July 2019

Objective:
The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of conventional methods for superficial
lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) are not ideal. We evaluated several novel methods including Xpert
Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (Xpert MTB/RIF) technology, quantitative fluorescence Polymerase
Chain Reaction (qPCR) and High-Resolution Melting Curve (HRMC) in the diagnosis of superficial
lymph node TB.

Methods:
Specimens from eighty-one consecutive patients with suspected LNTB and thirteen cases
with other lymph node disease were analyzed by Xpert MTB/RIF, qPCR, and HRMC.

Results:
Among 81 patients with clinical suspicion of LNTB, there were 74 (91.4%) cases positive
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (MTBC) of Xpert MTB/RIF, 60 (74%) positive of qPCR, 24
(29.6%) of positive of BACTEC MGIT960 culture, and 13 (16%) cases positive of Roche culture. 38 cases
(46.9%) were diagnosed with LNTB. All test methods showed a diagnostic specificity of 100% for
LNTB. The sensitivity of molecular biology techniques was significantly higher than that of the traditional
diagnostic methods, and Xpert MTB/RIF was the most sensitive diagnostic assay. On Rifampinresistant
detection, Xpert MTB/RIF detected three cases (3.7%) with rpoB gene mutation, and Mycobacterium
tuberculosis susceptibility testing detected 2 rifampicin-resistant cases (2.4%) which were consistent
with Xpert MTB/RIF results. In the Isoniazid-resistant, 7 cases (8.1) of isoniazid resistance mutations
(8.1%) were detected by HNC and 1 case was confirmed by Isoniazid susceptibility test.

Conclusion:
Molecular detection increased the diagnostic sensitivity of LNTB and improved the detection
sensitivity for rifampin and isoniazid resistance strain.