bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment of patients with high-risk symptomatic intracranial vertebrobasilar stenoses: long - term outcomes
Authors: Djurdjevic Tanja , Cunha André , Schulz Ursula , Briley Dennis , Rothwell Peter , Küker Wilhelm 
Published: June 2019

Background and purposeWe present the long-term outcome after endovascular treatment of symptomatic intracranial posterior circulation stenoses.Methods30 patients with symptomatic intracranial posterior circulation stenoses exceeding 70% underwent endovascular treatment between 2006 and 2012. Data regarding presentation, follow-up, procedure details, complications and imaging follow-up were reviewed. All surviving patients underwent a phone interview to establish their current Modified Ranking Scales (MRS).ResultsStenoses of the intracranial vertebral artery (24 patients) and basilar artery (6 patients) were treated with stents (10 patients), angioplasty alone (13 patients) or both (5 patients). Two procedures failed. One patient (3.3%) died after the procedure, two had stroke (6.6%) and one a subarachnoid haemorrhage without ensuing deficit. Two patients (6.7%) had asymptomatic complications (dissection and pseudoaneurysm). The median clinical follow-up time was 7 years. Of the 29 patients who survived the procedure, 6 died due to unrelated causes. Three patients (10%) had recurrent strokes and two (6.7%) a transient ischaemic attack in the posterior circulation. Two patients had subsequent middle cerebral artery strokes. Five (16.7%) patients had recurrent stenoses and three (10%) occlusions of the treated artery. Retreatment was performed in six patients, three (10%) with PTA and three (10%) with stenting. Current MRS scores were as follows: nine MRS 0, eight MRS 1, four MRS 2 and one MRS 4.ConclusionsLong-term follow-up after endovascular treatment of high-risk symptomatic intracranial posterior circulation stenoses shows few stroke recurrences. Treatment of intracranial vertebral artery stenosis may be beneficial in appropriately selected patients.
Socioeconomic Effect of Education on Pancreatic Cancer Risk in Western Europe: An Update on the EPIC Cohorts Study
Authors: Cirera Lluís , Huerta José María , Chirlaque María Dolores , Overvad Kim , Lindström Martin , Regnér Sara , Tjønneland Anne , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Rebours Vinciane , Fagherazzi Guy , Katzke Verena A. , Boeing Heiner , Peppa Eleni , Trichopoulou Antonia , Valanou Elissavet , Palli Domenico , Grioni Sara , Panico Salvatore , Tumino Rosario , Ricceri Fulvio , van Gils Carla , Vermeulen Roel C.H. , Skeie Guri , Braaten Tonje , Weiderpass Elisabete , Merino Susana , Sánchez María José , Larrañaga Nerea , Ardanaz Eva , Sund Malin , Khaw Kay-Tee , Key Timothy J. , Jenab Mazda , Naudin Sabine , Murphy Neil , Aune Dagfinn , Ward Heather , Riboli Elio , Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas , Navarro Carmen , Duell Eric J. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background:
To analyze the potential effect of social inequality on pancreatic cancer risk in Western Europe, by reassessing the association within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study, including a larger number of cases and an extended follow-up.

Methods:
Data on highest education attained were gathered for 459,170 participants (70% women) from 10 European countries. A relative index of inequality (RII) based on adult education was calculated for comparability across countries and generations. Cox regression models were applied to estimate relative inequality in pancreatic cancer risk, stratifying by age, gender, and center, and adjusting for known pancreatic cancer risk factors.

Results:
A total of 1,223 incident pancreatic cancer cases were included after a mean follow-up of 13.9 (±4.0) years. An inverse social trend was found in models adjusted for age, sex, and center for both sexes [HR of RII, 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02–1.59], which was also significant among women (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.05–1.92). Further adjusting by smoking intensity, alcohol consumption, body mass index, prevalent diabetes, and physical activity led to an attenuation of the RII risk and loss of statistical significance.

Conclusions:
The present reanalysis does not sustain the existence of an independent social inequality influence on pancreatic cancer risk in Western European women and men, using an index based on adult education, the most relevant social indicator linked to individual lifestyles, in a context of very low pancreatic cancer survival from (quasi) universal public health systems.

Impact:
The results do not support an association between education and risk of pancreatic cancer.
Kinase Networks Regulate Metabolism: I'D(H1) Never Have Guessed!
Authors: Horton Sarah , Huntly Brian J.P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Summary:
Mutations in isoforms of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes are described in multiple cancers and both mutant and wild-type IDH are important for the generation and maintenance of tumors, but how their activity is regulated is poorly understood. An article in this issue of Cancer Discovery identifies a novel posttranslational mechanism of IDH1 regulation involving phosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues by a network of kinases that alter the specificity of substrate and cofactor binding, dimer formation, and ultimately enzyme activity.
See related article by Chen et al., p. 756.
Sophocles’ Wedding Cakes (Eris fr. 199)
Authors: Coo Lyndsay 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper uncovers the connotations of the cakes (ἴτρια) mentioned in Sophocles fr. 199 and argues that they provide hitherto overlooked evidence to reinforce the thesis that Eris was a satyr play set at the wedding feast of Peleus and Thetis. The cakes are shown to be compatible with a wedding banquet setting, which is strongly indicative of satyr drama. Finally, it is suggested that Eris herself may have spoken the line.
Vulnerability and Response to Cyclones in Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Afroz Sharmin , Cramb Rob , Grünbühel Clemens 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We explore the vulnerability to cyclones of different socio-economic groups and their individual and collective responses to cyclone-related disasters through case studies of two villages in southwest coastal Bangladesh. We take a political ecology perspective, drawing on the widely-used Pressure and Release (PAR) Model to structure our analysis of the physical exposure of the villages to cyclone-related hazards; the multilevel processes leading to the vulnerability of different groups within the villages; the differential impacts of two recent cyclones; and subsequent responses undertaken through the actions of individual households, collective action at the village level, and the government-initiated Cyclone Preparedness Program. We conclude that recognising the complexities of vulnerability to multiple, interlinked, recursive hazards is essential to developing better risk reduction strategies for the coastal zone. However, the root causes of vulnerability are embedded in the socio-political structures and processes that determine access to resources and influence in Bangladeshi society.
The Social Value of the Child and Fear of Childlessness among Rural Punjabi Women in Pakistan
Authors: Qamar Azher Hameed 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The ‘Child’ is a value-laden concept in rural Punjabi society with foremost pronatal values. The woman is primarily responsible for childbearing. Fertility is valued for the social value of the child that raises the status of the woman as woman-being and a mother. It is believed that the child removes the curse of childlessness and sets a woman from social demotion. Infertility or other related issues that cause congruent child mortality are serious and often perceived as Athra, an “evil sickness” to be cured by religious healing. This ethnographic study investigates perceptions of rural Punjabi women about the socially valued child and the fears attached to Athra. This study was conducted in a village in southern Punjab. The study explores the social value of the child, the status of the mother, the ‘unexplained’ nature of Athra, and its contagious effects.
From Ġāyat al-ḥakīm to Šams al-maʿārif: Ways of Knowing and Paths of Power in Medieval Islam
Authors: Saif Liana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In recent years, we have witnessed an efflorescence of research on Islamic esoteric traditions and occult thought. Such scholarly activity has established that the occult sciences are part of Islamic intellectual history that cannot be overlooked; rather, they constituted a primary mode by which people thought about the hidden, the extraordinary, and their potential for partaking in the divine and wondrous. Occult beliefs and practices are thus inextricably embedded in philosophical, scientific, and religious discourses. This article focuses on occult thought in medieval Islam (second-seventh/eighth-thirteenth centuries), particularly in its relation to the ways in which nature and the divine were perceived and experienced. I argue that medieval Islamic occult sciences distinguished themselves from forbidden siḥr or sorcery by identifying legitimate conditions of acquiring power on the basis of two differing paradigms: by association with natural philosophy on the one hand, and by association with Sufism on the other. A shift of emphasis occurred in the medieval period: from the second/eighth to the fifth/eleventh centuries, legitimisation of occult practices derived mainly from natural philosophy, stressing causation and knowledge of signs as the core principles of magical efficacy. By the seventh/thirteenth century, however, occult practices were increasingly justified on the basis of mystical and Sufi doctrines. During the first phase, magic was generally deemed natural, inasmuch as it functioned according to a causality proven empirically and understood rationally; during the second phase, the power of extraordinary acts, including magic, became the prerogative of a select group who has achieved non-rationalised revelation and theophany, which undermined natural causality and transformed signs from indicators of natural links into tokens of God and the spiritual agents mediating between Him and the gnostic. Scholars such as Pierre Lory, Constant Hamès, and Toufic Fahd have noted the difference between the magic of early Islam and that of the later Middle Period; however, this article elaborates on the epistemological transformations in this period and their implications for cosmological and ontological structures that had a direct impact on magical theory and practice.
Illuminating the Lunar Mansions (manāzil al-qamar) in Šams al-maʿārif
Authors: Varisco Daniel Martin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The lunar zodiac, generally known as the manāzil al-qamar in Arabic, served both as an astronomical and an astrological system. This was a system of 28 lunar “mansions” or “stations” in which the moon was said to station (nazala) each night of the sidereal month. For each of the asterisms of the mansions there were prognostications, astrological and mystical connections. One of the more widely traveled sources on this astrological content in the past three centuries has been based on the work of the 7th/13th century Aḥmad b. ʿAlī l-Būnī (d. ca 622/1225 or 630/1232-1233), especially the text known as Šams al-maʿārif. This article provides a translation and edition of the relevant section on the lunar mansions with a critical commentary. It is based primarily on a 11th/17th century manuscript preserved in Istanbul’s Süleymaniye library and attributed to al-Būnī.
Perched on the Shoulders of Giants? Looking at the Almohad Empire in the Hafsid Chronicles
Authors: Garnier Sébastien 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Our contribution tackles the ideological aspect of “legacy” developed in the pro-Hafsid legitimizing discourse. The court historiographers pretended that their patrons had deserved and inherited the throne of Ifrīqiya. We shall see how they sketched a genealogy of founding fathers—Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar (d. 571/1175-1176), Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Wāḥid (d. 618/1221) and Abū Zakariyyāʾ Yaḥyā (d. 647/1249)—, considering that Muʾminids and Hafsids were the two pillars of the Almohad Empire, so it was natural that the latters took up the torch when the formers declined.
Une œuvre inconnue de Wakīʿ b. al-Ǧarrāḥ (m. 197/812 ?) et sa transmission en Égypte au IIIe/IXe siècle
Authors: Tillier Mathieu , Vanthieghem Naïm 
Published: June 2019

Résumé
Le présent article propose l’édition, la traduction et le commentaire d’un papyrus littéraire égyptien du IIIe/IXe siècle. Cette page de titre d’un ouvrage disparu du traditionniste irakien Wakīʿ b. al-Ǧarrāḥ (m. 197/812 ?), transmis par Yūsuf b. ʿAdī l-Kūfī (m. 232/846) à un étudiant égyptien mal connu, porte au verso deux traditions non canoniques rapportées d’après Ibn al-Mubārak. L’étude de ce folio permet de conclure qu’il s’agit du début d’un cahier de notes prises sous la dictée auprès du maître. Ce rare exemple d’hypomnēma est ainsi révélateur de la transmission d’œuvres irakiennes dans la Fusṭāṭ de la première moitié du IIIe/IXe siècle.
From Conversion to Ritual Murder: Re-Contextualizing the Circumcision Charge
Authors: Tartakoff Paola 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the 1230s, Christian authorities prosecuted Norwich Jews on charges of having seized and circumcised a five-year-old boy in an effort to convert him to Judaism. In the same decade, English chroniclers began to depict this case as an attempted ritual murder. According to Roger Wendover and Matthew Paris, Jews circumcised the boy with the intention of crucifying him at Easter. This article explores what the near simultaneous development of these two intriguing and seemingly disparate narratives suggests about thirteenth-century Christian perceptions and portrayals of circumcision. In so doing, it ushers research on medieval Christian attitudes toward circumcision into new spheres, deepens understandings of thirteenth-century Christian anxieties about conversion to Judaism, and brings to light a marginal note in the autograph copy of Matthew Paris’ Chronica majora that may constitute evidence of evolving Christian views of the relationship between the bodies of Jews’ alleged victims and the body of Christ.
The Disciples as Companions: Ibn Taymiyya’s and Ibn al-Qayyim’s Evaluation of the Transmission of the Bible
Authors: Mirza Younus Y. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Studies of Christian-Muslim polemics often disregard medieval Mediterranean Muslim contributions to the analysis of the biblical tradition. An early golden era of Muslim-Christian engagement in Baghdad is replaced by a decline in the Middle Ages which is only to be reversed with the advent of modernity. In this article, I contend that Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya (d. 751/1350) critically engage the biblical tradition based on their backgrounds as hadith scholars. Both question whether the Bible was accurately narrated by pointing to perceived gaps in its transmission. Similarly, drawing on theological underpinnings of hadith, they make an analogy between the Disciples of Jesus and the Companions of Muhammad. Just as the Disciples spread the message of Christ, the Companions disseminated the message of Muhammad. Nevertheless, even though the Disciples and Companions were favored by God and spread their Prophet’s teachings, they were not divinely protected messengers (rusul) and could have erred in transmitting the message.
Theology from the Margins: Sīdī Riḍwān al-Januwī and his Community of Outsiders
Authors: Ceballos Manuela 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article will examine how Tuḥfat al-ikhwān wa-mawāhib al-imtinān fī manāqib Sīdī Riḍwān ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Januwī, the biography of the Moroccan Sufi Sīdī Riḍwān al-Januwī (d. 1583), constructs, through the exemplary figure of Sīdī Riḍwān, a theological model where marginality becomes a vehicle for religious authority. Sīdī Riḍwān, unlike other Moroccan Sufis of the period whose claim to legitimacy was partly based on their status as descendants of the Prophet Muḥammad, was the son of a Genoese convert to Islam and a Jewish refugee from Iberia. Perhaps due to his origins, he took up the cause of the poor and the excluded and advocated on their behalf. Biographical dictionaries frequently remark upon Sīdī Riḍwān’s extreme scrupulousness and aversion to praise and political power. Furthermore, he demanded respect for religious minorities, all the while advocating for a strong defense against Portuguese invasion. Through the hagiography, the sheikh emerges as a religious figure whose power and spiritual virtue, paradoxically perhaps, rest in his embrace of marginality—his own and that of others.
“You are the Heretics!” Dialogue and Disputation between the Greek East and the Latin West after 1204
Authors: Brubaker Jeff 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade Byzantines and Latins engaged in numerous instances of dialogue and negotiation intended to unite the Greek and Roman Churches. The meeting between four mendicant friars and Patriarch Germanos II in Nicaea and Nymphaion in 1234 is indicative of a continuous trend in Byzantine diplomacy going back to the Komnenoi emperors that used ecclesiastical debate as a mechanism for diplomatic gain. In the years after 1204, however, church-union negotiation took on new purpose, serving to solidify Byzantine identity and resistance in the face of western invaders. Although the study of dialogue and disputation is enjoying a period of renewed focus among western medievalists, the field of Byzantine Studies, with few exceptions, has confined such material to the realm of theological research, neglecting the importance of such encounters, especially in the period after the Fourth Crusade. This study sets out to address why historians of Byzantium have been apprehensive about embracing the sources that describe ecclesiastical dialogue, and show how they can inform us about diplomacy, society and identity in the Eastern Mediterranean world after 1204.
Drama as Disputation in Mantua
Authors: Jaffe-Berg Erith 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Jewish community of Mantua in Italy, a vibrant cultural center for Jews, performed plays for the Christian community from at least as early as 1520. During the 150 years of continuous theatre production, there were no public disputations in Mantua even though residents of Mantua often partook in debates elsewhere. This essay argues that theatre functioned as a forum for disputation in Mantua supplanting the need for a formal tradition of disputation. Theatre provided a context for the exchange in ideas about social functioning within each community, and it enabled Jewish community members to air ideas about the value of Jewish ideals in relation to Christian ideals. As soon as the Jews ceased producing theatre for their own community and for the Christian community, disputation began. Therefore, it appears as if the absence of theatre as a public forum for exchange made it necessary to have recourse to disputations.
Andalusi Spolia in Medieval Morocco: “Architectural Politics, Political Architecture”
Authors: Rosser-Owen Mariam 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Traditionally, art historians have viewed the art of medieval Morocco through the lens of Islamic Iberia, which is regarded as the culturally superior center and model for the region. However, more recent studies are beginning to show that, rather than Moroccan patrons and artisans passively absorbing an Andalusi model, the rulers of the Almoravid and Almohad regimes were adopting aspects of this model in very deliberate ways. These studies suggest that Andalusi works of art were part of a conscious appropriation of styles as well as material in a very physical sense, which were imbued by the Moroccan dynasties with a significance relating to the legitimacy of their rule. This paper focuses on the way in which Andalusi architectural and other, mainly marble, material was deployed in Moroccan architecture in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Rather than reusing locally available material, this monumental (and extremely heavy) material was gathered in al-Andalus, at the ruined monuments of the Andalusi Umayyad caliphs, and transported over great distances to the imperial capitals at Fez and Marrakesh. Here this Umayyad spolia was deployed in key locations in the mosques and palaces constructed as the architectural manifestations of the Almoravids’ and Almohads’ new political power. Most frequently, this spolia consisted of marble capitals in the distinctive, dynastic style developed by the Andalusi caliphs for their palace at Madīnat al-Zaḥrāʾ. But together with other Andalusi imports, such as the magnificent minbars made in Córdoba for the Qarawiyyīn mosque and Almoravid mosque at Marrakesh, these physical symbols of al-Andalus in Morocco conveyed a clear message that the Almoravids and, later, the Almohads had taken up the mantle of rule in the Islamic West.
Biobanking between the EU and Third Countries — Can Data Sharing Be Facilitated via Soft Regulatory Tools?
Authors: Slokenberga Santa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In biobanking, collaboration and data sharing contribute to building genomic research capacity, and have the potential to further scientific advances that ultimately can result in advances in clinical care. However, in the absence of common applicable legal frameworks that enable collaboration, capacity building is hindered. With the applicability of the General Data Protection Regulation, the obstacles to data sharing which involve export of data from European Union Member States to third countries are expected to grow, rendering the collaboration between the EU and third countries even more challenging. This article examines how, if at all, data sharing in biobank research between the EU and third countries could be facilitated via the use of soft regulatory tools. It argues that although the existing soft tools might not in itself be suitable for meeting all the GDPR requirements, they could be the basis on which to raise the area-specific data protection bar globally.
On the Value of Action and Participatory Research for Intercultural Theology: Reflections in the Light of a Research Project on “Science and Religion in French-Speaking Africa”
Authors: van den Toren Benno , Bom Klaas L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article explores the importance of “action research” and “participatory research” (ar and pr) for intercultural theology. After introducing these research strategies, it provides a theological rationale for their use in intercultural theology: (1) they move beyond false dichotomies between theoretical and practical theology; (2) they understand professional theologians as part of communities of believers; and (3) they allow for intercultural encounters which approach “the other” as partners in research rather than merely objects of research. Using the example of a research project which studies attitudes to the interface between science and Christian faith among African university students and academics, the article considers three crucial issues for the value and use of ar and pr in intercultural theology: (1) the intrinsic motivation of the partners for intercultural research projects, (2) the role of shared visions of change and (3) the question of truth implied in visions of human flourishing.1