bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Alzheimer's disease risk and protective factors on cognitive trajectories in subjective memory complainers: An INSIGHT‐preAD study
Authors: Teipel Stefan J. , Cavedo Enrica , Lista Simone , Habert Marie‐Odile , Potier Marie‐Claude , Grothe Michel J. , Epelbaum Stephane , Sambati Luisa , Gagliardi Geoffroy , Toschi Nicola , Greicius Michael D. , Dubois Bruno , Hampel Harald ,   for the INSIGHT‐preAD study group,   Alzheimer Precision Medicine Initiative (APMI)
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionCognitive change in people at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) such as subjective memory complainers is highly variable across individuals.MethodsWe used latent class growth modeling to identify distinct classes of nonlinear trajectories of cognitive change over 2 years follow‐up from 265 subjective memory complainers individuals (age 70 years and older) of the INSIGHT‐preAD cohort. We determined the effect of cortical amyloid load, hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes, and education on the cognitive trajectory classes.ResultsLatent class growth modeling identified distinct nonlinear cognitive trajectories. Education was associated with higher performing trajectories, whereas global amyloid load and basal forebrain atrophy were associated with lower performing trajectories.DiscussionDistinct classes of cognitive trajectories were associated with risk and protective factors of AD. These associations support the notion that the identified cognitive trajectories reflect different risk for AD that may be useful for selecting high‐risk individuals for intervention trials.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MARITAL STATUS AND HYPERTENSION IN GHANA
Authors: Tuoyire Derek Anamaale , Ayetey Harold 
Published: May 2018

SummaryHypertension is a significant contributor to the global burden of cardiovascular and related target organ diseases such as heart failure, coronary heart disease, stroke and kidney failure, and their associated premature morbidity, mortality and disability. Marital status is an important social characteristic known to predict a range of health outcomes including cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about its impact on hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa. This study explored the relationship between marital status and hypertension among women and men in Ghana. Drawing on data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS), descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used to analyse the link between marital status and hypertension. About 13% of women aged 15–49 and 15% of men aged 15–59 were found to be hypertensive. After controlling for lifestyle and socio-demographic covariates, the logistic regression models showed significantly higher odds of hypertension for married (OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.30–3.53), cohabiting (OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.16–3.23) and previously married (OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.29–3.84) women. In contrast, no significant association was found between any of the marital status cohorts and hypertension for men. Other significant predictors of hypertension were age, body mass index and wealth status. The results demonstrate that marital status is an independent risk factor for hypertension in Ghana for women, rather than men. This could have immediate and far-reaching consequences for cardiovascular health policy in Ghana. In particular, the findings could lead to better targeted public health interventions, including more effective risk factor assessment and patient education in clinical settings, which could lead to more effective patient management and improved cardiovascular outcomes.
Comparison of the Ionosphere During an SMC Initiating Substorm and an Isolated Substorm
Authors: DeJong A. D. , Bell J. M. , Ridley A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn order to assess the effects of ionospheric feedback on different modes of energy transport in the magnetosphere, we investigate an isolated substorm and a steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) event with very similar solar wind drivers. The primary focus is on a comparison between the isolated substorm and the substorm that initiates the SMC. Auroral data from Polar UVI LBHl and LBHs, along with assimilative mapping of the ionosphere electrojet potential patterns are used as inputs to the global ionosphere‐thermosphere model to calculate conductances and Joule heating rates. Results from this study show that the conductances both before and during the events play a large role the ability of the magnetosphere to remain in steady driven state. The substorm that initiates the SMC event shows very different signatures in the ionosphere than isolated substorm; these signatures indicate that there is very weak substorm current wedge, or possibly a pseudo‐breakup.
Fossil Fuel Combustion Emission From South Asia Influences Precipitation Dissolved Organic Carbon Reaching the Remote Tibetan Plateau: Isotopic and Molecular Evidence
Authors: Li Chaoliu , Chen Pengfei , Kang Shichang , Yan Fangping , Tripathee Lekhendra , Wu Guangjian , Qu Bin , Sillanpää Mika , Yang Di , Dittmar Thorsten , Stubbins Aron , Raymond Peter A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe dissolved organic carbon in precipitation (water‐soluble organic carbon, WSOC) can provide a carbon subsidy to receiving ecosystems. The concentrations, isotopic signatures (δ13C/Δ14C), and molecular signatures (transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry) of WSOC being delivered to Nam Co—a remote site on the inland Tibetan Plateau (TP)—were compared to those of WSOC in the snowpack, and in wet deposition from urban cities fringing the TP. The average WSOC concentration at Nam Co (1.0 ± 0.9 mg C L−1) was lower than for the large cities (1.6 to 2.3 mg C L−1) but higher than in the snowpack samples (0.26 ± 0.09 mg C L−1). Based upon radiocarbon data, it is estimated that 15 ± 6% of Nam Co WSOC was fossil derived, increasing to 20 ± 8% for snowpack WSOC, 29 ± 4% for Lhasa WSOC, and 34 ± 8% for the three cities. Transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry results revealed that the abundance of dissolved black carbon and sulfur‐containing molecules of WSOC increased in the order Nam Co < snow pack < urban. The enrichment in 14C and depletion in dissolved black carbon and sulfurous organic molecules of Nam Co WSOC was suggestive of low, but still detectable inputs of fossil‐derived organics to WSOC on the remote TP. Backward air mass trajectories for the precipitation events at Nam Co suggested that the fossil fuel contributions to WSOC in Nam Co region originated mainly from South Asia. This study provides novel radiocarbon age, chemistry, and source evidence that anthropogenic WSOC is delivered to the remote TP, one of the most remote regions on Earth.
Spatiotemporal Changes in Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Events in the Three‐Rivers Headwater Region, China
Authors: Xi Yang , Miao Chiyuan , Wu Jingwen , Duan Qingyun , Lei Xiaohui , Li Hu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExtreme climate events affect sustainable development in many parts of the world. Although several studies of local extreme climate events exist, such events need more thorough investigation. Detailed studies of climatic variations that assess changes on both spatial and temporal scales are becoming increasingly necessary. In this study, 14 indices for extreme temperature and 12 indices for extreme precipitation were used to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal trends of extreme climate events in the three‐rivers headwater region (TRHR), China, over the past five decades. We found that the frequency of high temperature extremes has increased, whereas the frequency of dry extremes has decreased. Statistically significant upward trends emerged for the number of warm nights (TN90p) and the number of warm days (TX90p) in the TRHR, which increased at a rate of 11.75 and 6.79 days/10 years (p < 0.05), respectively. We also found a highly significant downward trend in the number of consecutive dry days with a rate of −4.05 days/10 years across the whole region. Overall, the TRHR has become warmer and wetter over the past 50 years and the frequency of extreme events has increased. Wavelet analysis indicated that there are significant relationships between extreme climate events in the TRHR and large‐scale ocean‐atmosphere circulation patterns, for example, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation. Our findings will help local water managers and stakeholders ensure that there are effective measures in place to adapt to and mitigate the effects of potential future climate change in the TRHR.
MAVEN/IUVS Stellar Occultation Measurements of Mars Atmospheric Structure and Composition
Authors: Gröller H. , Montmessin F. , Yelle R. V. , Lefèvre F. , Forget F. , Schneider N. M. , Koskinen T. T. , Deighan J. , Jain S. K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Imaging UltraViolet Spectrograph (IUVS) instrument of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission has acquired data on Mars for more than one Martian year. During this time, beginning with March 2015, hundreds of stellar occultations have been observed, in 12 dedicated occultation campaigns, executed on average every 2 to 3 months. The occultations cover the latitudes from 80°S to 75°N and the full range longitude and local times with relatively sparse sampling. From these measurements we retrieve CO2, O2, and O3 number densities as well as temperature profiles in the altitude range from 20 to 160 km, covering 8 orders of magnitude in pressure from ∼2 × 101 to ∼4 × 10−7 Pa. These data constrain the composition and thermal structure of the atmosphere. The O2 mixing ratios retrieved during this study show a high variability from 1.5 × 10−3 to 6 × 10−3; however, the mean value seems to be constant with solar longitude. We detect ozone between 20 and 60 km. In many profiles there is a well‐defined peak between 30 and 40 km with a maximum density of 1–2 ×109 cm−3. Examination of the vertical temperature profiles reveals substantial disagreement with models, with observed temperatures both warmer and colder than predicted. Examination of the altitude profiles of density perturbations and their variation with longitude shows structured atmospheric perturbations at altitudes above 100 km that are likely nonmigrating tides. These perturbations are dominated by zonal wave numbers 2 and 3 with amplitudes greater than 45%.
The Significance of Giant Phaeodarians (Rhizaria) to Biogenic Silica Export in the California Current Ecosystem
Authors: Biard Tristan , Krause Jeffrey W. , Stukel Michael R. , Ohman Mark D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn marine ecosystems, many planktonic organisms precipitate biogenic silica (bSiO2) to build silicified skeletons. Among them, giant siliceous rhizarians (>500 μm), including Radiolaria and Phaeodaria, are important contributors to oceanic carbon pools but little is known about their contribution to the marine silica cycle. We report the first analyses of giant phaeodarians to bSiO2 export in the California Current Ecosystem. We measured the silica content of single rhizarian cells ranging in size from 470 to 3,920 μm and developed allometric equations to predict silica content (0.37–43.42 μg Si/cell) from morphometric measurements. Using sediment traps to measure phaeodarian fluxes from the euphotic zone on four cruises, we calculated bSiO2 export produced by two families, the Aulosphaeridae and Castanellidae. Biogenic silica export ranged from <0.01 to 0.63 mmol Si · m−2 · day−1. These two families alone contributed on average 10% (range 0–80%) of total bSiO2 export from the euphotic zone. Their proportional contributions increased substantially in more oligotrophic regions with lower bSiO2 fluxes. Using the in situ Underwater Vision Profiler 5, we characterized vertical distributions of the giant phaeodarian family Aulosphaeridae to a depth of 500 m and inferred their contribution to bSiO2 export in deeper waters. We found a significant increase of Aulosphaeridae export (<0.01 to 2.82 mmol Si · m−2 · day−1) when extended to mesopelagic depths. Using a global data set of in situ profiles, we estimated the significance of Aulosphaeridae to bSiO2 export and revealed that they can act as major exporters of bSiO2 to the mesopelagic zone in various regions.
Electron Nonlinear Resonant Interaction With Short and Intense Parallel Chorus Wave Packets
Authors: Mourenas D. , Zhang X.‐J. , Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Thorne R. M. , Bortnik J. , Neishtadt A. I. , Vasiliev A. A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOne of the major drivers of radiation belt dynamics, electron resonant interaction with whistler‐mode chorus waves, is traditionally described using the quasi‐linear diffusion approximation. Such a description satisfactorily explains many observed phenomena, but its applicability can be justified only for sufficiently low intensity, long duration waves. Recent spacecraft observations of a large number of very intense lower‐band chorus waves (with magnetic field amplitudes sometimes reaching ∼1% of the background) therefore challenge this traditional description and call for an alternative approach when addressing the global, long‐term effects of the nonlinear interaction of these waves with radiation belt electrons. In this paper, we first use observations from the Van Allen Probes and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms spacecraft to show that the majority of intense parallel chorus waves consist of relatively short wave packets. Then, we construct a kinetic equation describing the nonlinear resonant interaction of radiation belt electrons with such short and intense wave packets. We demonstrate that this peculiar type of nonlinear interaction produces similar effects as quasi‐linear diffusion, that is, a flattening of the electron velocity distribution function within a certain energy/pitch angle range. The main difference is the much faster evolution of the electron distribution when nonlinear interaction prevails.
Explicit IMF By Dependence in High‐Latitude Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Holappa L. , Mursula K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe interaction of the solar wind with the Earth's magnetic field produces geomagnetic activity, which is critically dependent on the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Most solar wind coupling functions quantify this dependence on the IMF orientation with the so‐called IMF clock angle in a way, which is symmetric with respect to the sign of the By component. However, recent studies have suggested that the sign of By is an additional, independent driver of high‐latitude geomagnetic activity, leading to higher (weaker) geomagnetic activity in Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter for By > 0 (By<0). In this paper we quantify the size of this explicit By effect with respect to the solar wind coupling function, both for northern and southern high‐latitude geomagnetic activity. We show that high‐latitude geomagnetic activity is significantly (by about 40%–50%) suppressed for By < 0 in NH winter and for By > 0 in Southern Hemisphere winter. When averaged over all months, high‐latitude geomagnetic activity in NH is about 12% weaker for By < 0 than for By > 0. The By effect affects the westward electrojet strongly, but hardly at all the eastward electrojet. We also show that the suppression of the westward electrojet in NH during By < 0 maximizes when the Earth's dipole axis points toward the night sector, that is, when the auroral region is maximally in darkness.
Mapping the Basement of the Ebro Basin in Spain With Seismic Ambient Noise Autocorrelations
Authors: Romero Paula , Schimmel Martin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSingle‐station autocorrelations of seismic ambient noise allow to obtain the shallow subsurface reflection response without the need of any active source or earthquake. Recently, crustal‐scale studies successfully applied this method to map the crust‐mantle boundary. These studies employed different processing methodologies to stabilize and identify the weak‐amplitude reflections. Here we also analyze noise autocorrelations but use higher‐frequency bands to map the basement of the Ebro Basin in Spain. This basin has a nonuniform basement structure due to its complex evolution. We tested two autocorrelation methods (the classical and phase cross correlation) to retrieve the P wave reflection response for seismic broadband stations located in the basin. The phase correlation approach is amplitude unbiased since based on the instantaneous phase coherence of analytic signals. It is insensitive to the background seismicity from the Pyrenees and other noise and proved to be the more efficient approach to retrieve P wave reflections from the Paleozoic basement. The detected signals per station are quite stable and show only a small time variability. We also show that sidelobes caused by the convolution of a delta pulse at zero time lag with the effective noise source time function do not affect our measurements and compare the measured noise autocorrelations with synthetic data for lithological profiles from neighboring wells. The a priori information from well data was essential to identify the signals and to finally map the discontinuity in between and beyond the well positions. Our final result is a comprehensive map of the Paleozoic basement in the Ebro Basin.
Generalized Additive Models of Climatic and Metabolic Controls of Subannual Variation in pCO2 in Productive Hardwater Lakes
Authors: Wiik E. , Haig H. A. , Hayes N. M. , Finlay K. , Simpson G. L. , Vogt R. J. , Leavitt P. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSpatiotemporal variation in climate and weather, allochthonous carbon loads, and autochthonous factors such as lake metabolism (photosynthesis and respiration) interacts to regulate atmospheric CO2 exchange of lakes. Understanding this interplay in diverse basin types at different timescales is required to adequately place lakes into the global carbon cycle and predict CO2 flux through space and time. We analyzed 18 years of data from seven moderately hard lakes in an agricultural prairie landscape in central Canada. We applied generalized additive models and sensitivity analyses to evaluate the roles of metabolic and climatic drivers in regulating CO2 flux at the intra‐annual scale. At mean conditions with respect to other predictors, metabolic controls resulted in uptake of atmospheric CO2 when surface waters exhibited moderate primary production but released CO2 only when primary production was very low (<8 μg/L or when dissolved nitrogen was elevated (>2,000 μg/L), implying that respiratory controls offset photosynthetic CO2 uptake under these conditions. Climatically, dry conditions increased the likelihood of in‐gassing, likely due to evaporative concentration of base cations and/or reduced allochthonous carbon loads. While more research is required to establish the relative importance of climate and metabolism at other timescales (diel, autumn/winter), we conclude that these hard fresh waters characteristic of continental interiors are mainly affected by metabolic drivers of pCO2 at daily‐monthly timescales, are climatically controlled at interannual intervals, and are more likely to in‐gas CO2 for a given level of algal abundance than are soft water, boreal ecosystems.
Corneal biomechanical properties are associated with the activity and prognosis of Angioid Streaks
Authors: Asano Shotaro , Nakajima Kosuke , Kure Kana , Azuma Keiko , Shimizu Kimiko , Murata Hiroshi , Inoue Tatsuya , Obata Ryo , Asaoka Ryo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to investigate corneal biomechanical properties in detail using Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and Corvis ST (CST) tonometry and to analyze the association between corneal biomechanical properties and the frequency of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections (FIV) in AS eyes with choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Twenty-eight eyes of 15 patients with AS were enrolled. Mean age of AS patients was 67.9 ± 9.8 years. ORA and CST measurements were carried out, in addition to comprehensive ophthalmic examinations. LogMAR visual acuity (VA) and ΔVA (the change of VA from baseline to the final visit) were calculated in each eye. Also, the relationships between FIV, and the variables of initial age at the observation period, axial length, and corneal biomechanical properties were investigated in eyes with AS using linear mixed model with model selection using AICc. In 28 AS eyes, 16 eyes underwent intravitreal anti-VEGF injections during follow-up period. Lower corneal hysteresis (CH), higher corneal resistant factor (CRF) and higher CST measured the DA ratio were associated with the increase of FIV in AS eyes (p = 0.01, p = 0.002, p = 0.027, respectively), suggesting the usefulness for monitoring of corneal biomechanical properties.
Penetrating cations induce pleiotropic drug resistance in yeast
Authors: Galkina Kseniia V. , Besedina Elizaveta G. , Zinovkin Roman A. , Severin Fedor F. , Knorre Dmitry A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSubstrates of pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters can induce the expression of corresponding transporter genes by binding to their transcription factors. Penetrating cations are substrates of PDR transporters and theoretically may also activate the expression of transporter genes. However, the accumulation of penetrating cations inside mitochondria may prevent the sensing of these molecules. Thus, whether penetrating cations induce PDR is unclear. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, we studied the effects of penetrating cations on the activation of PDR. We found that the lipophilic cation dodecyltriphenylphosphonium (C12TPP) induced the expression of the plasma membrane PDR transporter genes PDR5, SNQ2 and YOR1. Moreover, a 1-hour incubation with C12TPP increased the concentration of Pdr5p and Snq2p and prevented the accumulation of the PDR transporter substrate Nile red. The transcription factor PDR1 was required to mediate these effects, while PDR3 was dispensable. The deletion of the YAP1 or RTG2 genes encoding components of the mitochondria-to-nucleus signalling pathway did not prevent the C12TPP-induced increase in Pdr5-GFP. Taken together, our data suggest (i) that the sequestration of lipophilic cations inside mitochondria does not significantly inhibit sensing by PDR activators and (ii) that the activation mechanisms do not require mitochondria as a signalling module.