bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between air pollutants (CO and NO2) and land surface temperature in Semarang city 2023
Authors: Tjahjono H , Maulana R I , Aji A , Sidiq W A B N , Miftahurridlo M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the condition of air pollutants and land surface temperature (LST) on land cover in Semarang City in 2023 and their correlations. Semarang City, as a metropolitan city with a dense population, faces challenges such as dominant built-up land cover, high concentrations of pollutants CO and NO2, and variations in land surface temperature. The research utilized a spatial and quantitative approach with guided land cover data classification, Sentinel-5P images for air pollutant data (CO and NO2) interpretation, and a single-channel algorithm for obtaining LST data from Landsat 8 images. The findings reveal that vegetation (44%) and built-up land cover (43%) dominate Semarang City, and the highest pollutant concentrations are found in various land cover types. The average LST in Semarang City is 41.53°C, with the highest temperature recorded in built-up areas (44.62°C) and the lowest in water bodies (39.61°C). Pearson correlation analysis indicates a significant positive relationship between CO and NO2 with LST. This research provides a spatial understanding of air pollutants and land surface temperature conditions in Semarang City in 2023 and its contribution to identifying the factors influencing these phenomena.
Solar photovoltaic as a potential renewable energy in environmentally friendly project-based physics learning
Authors: Jauhari A , Puspita F D , Lestari N A , Deta U A , Sujito  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research aims to explore the implementation of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) as a potential renewable energy in environmentally friendly project-based physics learning to improve understanding of the principles of physics in solar photovoltaic and awareness of environmental issues and climate change. The project-based learning (PjBL) learning model is applied to provide a deep and meaningful learning experience because students are required to be actively involved in designing, developing, and evaluating Solar Photovoltaic projects. This research was conducted using the literature review method on several articles related to project-based physics learning and solar photovoltaic as renewable energy. From several articles obtained, identification, evaluation, and synthesis were carried out related to the research results and thoughts from previous researchers. The results show that project-based learning focusing on Solar Photovoltaic effectively improves students’ understanding of physics concepts related to renewable energy and improves 21st-century skills, namely creativity, problem-solving, and critical thinking skills. In addition, students also showed increased awareness and responsibility for environmental issues.
Design of folded dipole antenna with stub feed line at 3.5 Ghz operating frequency for 5G cellular network
Authors: Firdaus R A , Khoiro M , Rahmawati E , Dzulkiflih  , Yantidewi M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examines the design of a folded dipole antenna equipped with a Stub Feed Line (SFL) to achieve a 3.5GHz resonant frequency operating on a 5G cellular network. Microstrip antennas, which are known for their advantages, such as being lightweight, easy to print, affordable production cost, and relatively small size, also have disadvantages, such as narrow bandwidth, low gain, and directivity, as well as low efficiency. In order to overcome these disadvantages, this study proposes the integration of SFL as a frequency shifter, which is expected to improve antenna performance. The proposed antenna design was tested through simulations using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method and optimized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) theory to achieve the expected radiation characteristics. The simulation results indicate that the stub integration is able to significantly improve the impedance matching, gain, and bandwidth of the antenna. The use of geometric structures, such as a U-Shape on the stub, is also proven to be effective in improving signal transmission efficiency and reducing reflection. This study provides an important contribution to the development of antenna technology, especially in supporting the deployment of more efficient and effective 5G cellular networks.
Ensuring sustainable development through the use of digital educational hubs for teaching civic education at school
Authors: Hrytsenchuk O O , Leshchenko M P , Ovcharuk O V , Trubachev S I , Trykoz S V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article highlights the practical experience of implementing digital educational hubs to support civic education (CE) to ensure sustainable development. The role of the digital educational hub as a modern tool of the digital educational environment was determined. The digital educational hub is a multi-functional digital educational environment with electronic resources, tools, technologies and educational materials where organisational and pedagogical conditions are created for the acquisition of knowledge, the development of students’ competencies and the effective accumulation of intellectual potential, which contributes to professional development and the implementation of innovations in practice. The purpose of this article is to investigate how digital educational hubs support civic education at school, how teachers and school leaders can use the resources of the hubs, and how teachers in Ukraine and other countries are supported in using digital tools for teaching civic education subjects, which are important for the professional development of teachers, including the development of their digital skills. The experience of using digital educational hubs supporting CE at schools in Ukraine and European countries (Belgium, Canada, Netherlands) is described. The practical significance of the digital educational hub, as a component of the digital educational environment, is to support and implement innovations in school education that contribute to the development of the personality of a modern citizen, an active member of the digital society. The novelty of the research: online learning and remote forms of communication are the most popular in education today. For teaching civic education, there is a combination of active forms of learning with the use of digital means and resources, which are actively offered by digital educational hubs. Highlighting the best practices of such use is important both for the professional development of teachers and for the diversification and activation of students’ civic education. The practical significance based on the experience of European countries, forms and approaches to the use of digital educational tools for teaching civic education has been identified. Methods of using digital hubs to support civic education at school need further research.
Application of geometrization to estimate mineral deposit reserves
Authors: Peremetchyk A , Chukharev S , Dmytrenko V , Pysmennyi S , Fedorenko S , Mutambo V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article discusses aspects of geometrization of mineral deposits. Particular attention is paid to the geometrization of mineral reserves. Various geometrization methods allow one to obtain ambiguous results, depending on the geological structure and spatial location of mineral deposits. Various options for estimating mineral reserves are considered and the method for optimal estimate is described. The method makes it possible to estimate reserves of mineral deposits of a complex configuration, find the most probable strike line of such deposits and clarify their contour. The method is based on choosing the optimal direction of vertical cross-sections and the distance between them. The influence of the shape of a mineral deposit on the accuracy and completeness of reserve estimate was considered. The experiments were carried out theoretically and practically in various mining and geological conditions. A more accurate estimate of mineral reserves is made using geostatistical and heuristic methods developed by the authors of the study. The described methodology for geometrization and estimate of mineral reserves was applied at mining enterprises in Ukraine and gave effective and accurate results. This made it possible to increase the efficiency of mining planning and the rationality of the mining enterprise.
The degree indicators of coal metamorphism for predicting the coal seams hazardous properties during the mining
Authors: Rudniev Y , Tarasov V , Antoshchenko M , Popovich V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metamorphic processes in natural conditions reached a certain stage of the original organic matter transformation at temperatures no more than 650 °C. Analyzes of the coal physical and chemical characteristics are carried out at higher temperatures. Thermal decomposition processes determine the properties of coals during their further transformation, which is important for establishing their consumer properties. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the formed volatiles is not directly related to the fluids, previously removed from coal seams in natural conditions. The thermal decomposition products of coals are the result of a new stage in the initial organic matter transformation. It is shown that the method for determining the yield of volatile substances on a ash-free dry mass when establishing technological properties does not reflect the state of coal seams in natural conditions. Analysis of the results indicates that at present there are no methods for complete the coal sample demineralization. Obtaining an accurate value for the yield of volatile substances per ash-free dry organic mass leads to an overestimation of this indicator. Significant differences in the balances between the metamorphic processes occurring in coal seams and during the thermal decomposition of coal are caused by different conditions for their determination. The products assignment of thermal decomposition processes to a ash-free dry organic mass according to industrial classifications doesn’t allow to use of their consumer properties indicators to characterize the hazardous properties of coal seams in natural conditions. It is proposed to develop the basic principles of the methodology for predicting the hazardous properties of coal seams based on the deviation of the content of organic matter main components, including moisture and sulfur, from their average indicators.
The usage of GIS in the retrospective analysis of the territorial organization of Kryvyi Rih settlement
Authors: Kholoshyn I V , Bondarenko O V , Hanchuk O V , Mantulenko S V , Pakhomova O V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article presents the retrospective analysis of the territorial organization of the settlement of Kryvyi Rih territory on the basis of a detailed study of topographic maps of various historical periods, namely, the Map of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Special Map of the Western Part of the Russian Empire by F. Schubert, Three-mile military topographic map of the Russian Empire, the Maps of the Office of Military Topographers of the Red Army, the Maps of the German Army, Topo maps of the US Army and Maps of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. The research is based on the authors’ method of retrospective modeling of the historical settlement of the region using historical topographic maps of various time periods and their complex analysis by means of GIS. The results of the research constitute the model of the territorial organization of the settlement process in Kryvyi Rih region. The model represents the historical population resettlement in the studied region and indicates the spatiotemporal changes of the following indexes: the nature and number of settlement locations, the size of settlements, number and density of the population, the ratio of rural and urban populations, etc. The obtained cartographic materials and demographic indicators of resettlement at various times make a significant contribution to the historical and geographical research of the region.
Experimental research of time for opening and closing of spray in flat and injector nozzles
Authors: Onyshchenko B V , Onyshchenko V B , Nazarenko V A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Experimental studies have been carried out to determine time for opening and closing of spray in Lechler ST 110-02 and IDK 120-02 nozzels for the combined spraying working body (CWB). The spray nozzles have been filmed by digital video camera. We received the results of opening time for nozzles and calculated the arithmetic mean, average square deviation (standard), and coefficient of variation by average square deviation. The opening time(arithmetic mean) for Lechler ST 110-02 flat nozzle 0,235 s. The opening time for Lechler IDK 120-02 injection sprays nozzle 0,435 s. The average value of the closing for spray in Lechler ST 110-02 is 0.04 s, and the Lechler IDK 120-02 nozzle is 0.08 s. The transient time for switching from the ST 110-02 nozzle to the IDK 120-02 nozzle should be 0.395 s, and the switching from the IDK 120-02 nozzle to the ST 110-02 nozzle should be 0.155 s.
Management of economic security of food industry enterprises as a direction of ensuring sustainable development
Authors: Ostapchuk T P , Ye Orlova K , Denysiuk O H , Yu Biriuchenko S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the economic security management of food industry enterprises as a direction of ensuring sustainable development of economic entities. It was determined that the food industry plays an important role in Ukraine’s social and economic system; at the same time, food industry enterprises activity is characterized by the presence of negative trends. The essence and the components of the enterprise economic security were considered. The economic security is defined as a mechanism aimed at confronting threats and overcoming negative trends. The conceptual model of ensuring economic security of enterprises was proposed. In order to determine the key directions for increasing the level of economic security the model of dependence of economic security coefficient was formed using correlation and regression analysis. According to the model, the main factors of influence on food industry enterprises economic security formation are the growth rate of net profit, cash ratio and profitability of economic activity. The key measures for the formation of a constructive influence on the specified factors are proposed in order to increase the level of economic security of food industry enterprises.
Modeling of the energy security of the country in the context of sustainable development: the case of Ukraine
Authors: Tkalenko S I , Liubachivska R Z , Makedon H M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ukraine’s energy industry experienced organizational and territorial challenges, resulting in a coal scarcity and a need for stable and balanced development. Ukraine’s unified energy system, which includes a variety of power plants, plays an important role in supplying electricity to other nations. The authors recommend using the multidimensionality principle and a systemic approach to examine the country’s energy security, as well as the development of a model based on energy product manufacturing under Ukraine’s tough economic and political conditions. Such a theory will show the peculiarities of the production of energy products, which is characterized by a vast collection of qualities and factors that influence it. The factors (or variables) studied in the article are classified as endogenous and exogenous. The E-Views application was used to model the country’s energy security in terms of energy product production. The outcomes of the modeling revealed the presence of long-term endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the total volume of energy product production; the existence of a strong relationship between the volume of energy product production and imports, total energy supply, and total final consumption; and opportunities for significant growth in domestic energy product production in the future. The model’s practical significance has been demonstrated through reduced reliance on imports, diversification of energy sources, energy independence, energy availability, collaboration in the field of energy security, economic growth, and environmental and sustainable development. The article concentrates the authors’ attention on Ukraine’s energy sector, which is critical to the country’s economy and supply to the EU.
Experimental tests of the over-columned plates of the precast building frame
Authors: Pavlikov A M , Harkava O V 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The construction of a precast flat plate frame of buildings is considered for its implementation during the restoration of the housing stock of Ukraine. The analysis of the precast flat plate floor system of the frame structural system by using the yield line method showed that in the ultimate state the floor is divided into separate discs along the joints of precast plates. This makes it possible to determine the load-bearing capacity of the floor by considering each plate taking into account their supporting and loading conditions. Based on this, experimental tests of three full-size over-columned plates of a precast flat plate floor system are carried out, according to the diagram closest to the actual scheme of their operation as part of the floor. The general deflections of the plates, moments of crack formation and width of their opening, as well as strains of concrete and reinforcement in characteristic cross-sections of the plates are determined. Based on the experimental tests, the accepted failure scheme of the over-columned plates of the precast flat plate floor system is confirmed and the feasibility of applying the yield line method to the calculation of their bearing capacity is proven.
Propagation of elastic waves in cross-sectionally heterogeneous rods
Authors: Zdeshchyts A V , Zdeshchyts V M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The article is devoted to measuring the propagation speed of elastic waves in metal rods of variable cross-section. The paper examines the dependence of the speed measure of propagation of elastic waves on the geometric and physical characteristics of the rods. The research methods are based on the use of known statements of the impact theory during the collision of a ball with the end of a metal rod. Solid rods, stepped rods, and rods with axisymmetric holes of different depths were experimentally studied. A piezo sensor connected to a digital oscilloscope was used to record pressure fluctuations at the end of the rod. The method of least squares was used for processing and further analysis of experimental data. Theoretical and experimental studies proved that there are two characteristic areas in which the speed of propagation of an elastic wave in a non-homogeneous cross-sectional rod differs from the value of the wave speed in a one-dimensional rod. A sinusoidal functional dependence of the propagation speed of the elastic wave on the caliber of the rod was obtained.
Comparison of the seismic loading of points on the surface of the Earth during a massive explosion in a mine
Authors: Zdeshchyts A V , Zdeshchyts V M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Geomechanical studies are performed at almost all large mining enterprises in the world. As a result of industrial activity, the Kryvyi Rih region has developed serious environmental problems. The mining of ore in Kryvyi Rih region led to the formation of numerous underground cavities. Hundreds of square kilometers of the Earth’s surface were in zones of mass collapse. Therefore, diagnosis and control of the stress state of the massif of rocks are relevant. Along with the processes of movement of underground cavities to the Earth’s surface, there is a constant threat of destruction or damage to residential buildings, violation of the integrity of the massif due to mass explosions in quarries and mines. These explosions also affect the rate at which voids emerge. This leads not only to unpredictable exits of funnels and the development of landslides, but also to the threat of rock strikes in mines. The article considers the method of measuring the vector velocity of soil particle oscillations from one source in different directions at the same time. The purpose of this article is to compare the seismic load of points on the Earth’s surface during an explosion in a mine with their orthogonal location along the directions under the conditions of destruction of the rock body in a separate area. The main task of the research was to determine the intensity of seismic explosion vibrations near the foundations of residential buildings and industrial buildings in the area of the industrial site of the mine, which were located in opposite directions. The main result of the work is obtaining a set of data related to the amplitude and frequency characteristics of seismic waves that have passed through a half-kilometer layer of rock.
Improvement in the evaluation of gamma radiation from cylindrical bodies with spatially inhomogeneous source activity distribution
Authors: Popov O O , Skurativskyi S I , Molitor N , Koniushkov A , Fomichova O V , Svitlyshyn I I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Radioactivity and radioactive materials are constant companions of our life. Therefore, their studies and utilization are an important part of the development of human society. One of lines of work with radioactivity of various media concerns their gamma ray spectrometry which covers the issues of mineral exploration, ecological monitoring, medicine, security, agriculture, anti-terrorist protection, assessment of the consequences of man-made and natural disasters, etc. The tasks of spectroscopy include the description, survey, and analysis of gamma fields produced by natural environment or artificial objects. To solve these tasks effectively, mathematical modeling based on the fundamental physical laws of radioactivity and modern achievements of mathematics and informatics is used. In particular, in this research, we consider the gamma radiation from the cylindrical body and develop the procedure for assessing the gamma flux intensity when the source activity is inhomogeneously distributed over the body volume. The procedure is a semi-analytic approach and is based on the representation of the source activity function as a linear combination of step functions. Physically it means the approximation of inhomogeneous body by a layered medium. The procedure also allows one to get an analytical expression for the gamma flux intensity which is observed at the axes of symmetry of the cylindrical body. It is performed the comparison of approximate and exact values of intensity for exponential source activity function when analytical integration is possible. We also discuss the procedure application to the case when the source activity function is nonmonotonic and restrictions of procedure use appear.