bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past, current, and projected landscape configurational effects on streamflow within the Rocky River HUC-8 watershed of the Charlotte metropolitan region
Authors: Roberts Allen D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study examined past, current, and projected landscape configuration (LC) impacts on streamflow within a 3,553 square kilometer (km2) Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC)-8 Rocky River (RR) watershed of the Charlotte, North Carolina metropolitan region (CMR). Utilizing a monthly model, Thornthwaite Water Balance (TWB) simulations incorporating LC (blended contagion (CON)-adjusted curve numbers (CNs)) derived from two previous (2001, 2006) and one current (2011) US scale land cover/land use (LC/LU) time snapshots outperformed a blended original (ORG) CN watershed model during the 15-year (180-month) period from January 1999 to December 2013. Findings were confirmed using evaluations from several statistically based, hydrologic model performance predictors. Five-year comparisons of the 2001 time snapshot with the 2006 time snapshot and 2011 time snapshot indicated the least underestimation/overestimation of measured streamflow occurred during the 2001 time snapshot. This period had the highest measured runoff and points towards LC influences on streamflow simulation being potentially more quantifiable during periods of greater watershed precipitation. Watershed LC/LU and climatic data were also projected to the 2030 time snapshot under five different scenarios. Streamflow was projected to be about 2.6% higher in volume than what was estimated for the current (2011) time snapshot using a blended CON-adjusted TWB model.
Adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid using rice husk biochar, granular activated carbon, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a fixed bed column system
Authors: Bahrami Mehdi , Amiri Mohammad Javad , Beigzadeh Bahareh 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide, as an aromatic hydrocarbon, is a dangerous and toxic organic pollutant among the agricultural pesticides. In this research, the performance of the biochar made from rice husk (BRH), granular activated carbon (GAC), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was investigated for adsorption of 2,4-D in a fixed-bed column system. The influence of pH (2, 5, 7, 9), flow rate (0.5, 1, 1.5 mL min−1), bed depth (3, 6, 9 cm), and influent 2,4-D concentration (50, 100, 150, 300 mg L−1) on the adsorption process was evaluated. The resulting breakthrough curves indicated that the higher removal efficiency of 2,4-D took place at the lower flow rate, lower influent 2,4-D concentration, higher bed depth, and lower pH. While in most cases the removal ability of GAC was better than other adsorbents, generally, this study confirmed that the BRH, as a cheap and sustainable material, can be a viable alternative to GAC and MWCNTs for remediation and treatment scenarios, particularly in developing countries.
Two- vs. single-stage anaerobic reactors: evaluation of effluent quality and energy production potential using sucrose-based wastewater
Authors: Mota V. T. , Zaiat M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Two- and single-stage anaerobic treatment systems were assessed for treatment performance and for bioenergy production from sucrose-based wastewater. In the two-stage system, a hydrogen-producing upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (HU reactor) was used in the acidogenic phase. The methanogenic reactor of the two-stage system (MF reactor) and the single-stage reactor (SSF reactor) were structured fixed-bed reactors. The two-stage system showed superior performance, evidenced by lower organic acids, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids concentrations in the effluent, and higher biogas methane content and yield. Continuous and stable H2 production was obtained in the acidogenic reactor. At the end of operation, the organic loading rates applied to the two- and single-stage systems were 6.4 and 5.2 gCOD L−1 d−1, respectively. Under these conditions, the effluent soluble COD and volatile suspended solids (VSS) concentrations were 165 and 92 mg L−1 in the two-stage system, and 256 and 244 mg L−1 in the single-stage system, respectively. The energy yield of the two-stage system was 20.69 kJ g−1CODadded, which was 34% higher than the yield of the single-stage system. The sequencing analyses showed that the archaeal distribution changed little between the inoculum and sludge from the MF reactor, in which acetoclastic Methanosaeta was predominant. However, hydrogenotrophic Methanospirillum was found most, followed by Methanosaeta, in the sludge from the SSF reactor.
Simulation on flow field and gas hold-up of a pilot-scale oxidation ditch by using liquid-gas CFD model
Authors: Xu Qi , Yang Jiakuan , Hou Huijie , Hu Yuchen , Liang Sha , Xiao Keke , Wu Xu , Liu Bingchuan , Hu Jingping , Hu Jiukun , Yang Changzhu 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A liquid–gas two-phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to simulate flow field and gas hold-up in a pilot-scale oxidation ditch (OD). The volume of fluid (VOF) model and the mass flow inlet boundary condition for gas injection were introduced in this model. The simulated values of the flow velocities and the gas hold-up were verified by experimental measurements in the pilot-scale OD. The results showed that the gas hold-up at test-site 3, immediately downstream of the surface aerator, was the highest among all three test-sites. Most of the gas existed in the upper portion of the ditch and was close to the inner side of the channel. Based on the liquid–gas two-phase CFD model, three operating conditions with different setting height ratios of the submerged impellers were simulated. The simulated results suggested that the setting heights of the submerged impellers have significant impacts on the flow velocity distribution. Lowering the setting height could increase the flow velocity in the pilot-scale OD. An optimal setting height ratio of 0.273 was proposed, which would be beneficial for minimizing sludge sedimentation, especially near the inner side of the curve bend.
Structural and Bioactive Studies of Halogenated Constituents from Sponges
Authors: Li Chao , Shi Dayong 
Published: November 2018

:
Marine organisms are abundant sources of bioactive natural products. Among metabolites
produced by sponges and their associated microbial communities, halogenated natural compounds accounted
for an important part due to their potent biological activities. The present review updates and
compiles a total of 258 halogenated organic compounds isolated in the past three decades, especially
brominated derivatives derived from 31 genera of marine sponges. These compounds can be classified as
the following classes: brominated polyunsaturated lipids, nitrogen compounds, brominated tyrosine derivatives
and other halogenated compounds. These substances were listed together with their source organisms,
structures and bioactivities. For this purpose, 84 references were consulted.
Analytical Comparison of the Originator Granulocyte-colony Stimulating Factor Filgrastim and its Biosimilars
Authors: Orlik Grzegorz , Khan Mujtaba Ali , Grieb Paweł 
Published: November 2018

Purpose: Filgrastim, a recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) produced
in Escherichia coli, is indicated for treatment of neutropenia-related conditions in cancer patients. It has been
marketed as Neupogen since 1991. In 2006, biosimilar rhG-CSF products have been approved in the European
Union (EU). The aim of this study was to compare quality attributes of the originator filgrastim with its three
biosimilars which came from the EU market in 2014 to verify whether their similarity is maintained since their
market approval.

Materials/Methods:
Spectrophotometric analysis was used to determine protein content in analyzed products.
Chromatographic and electrophoretic analyses were applied to verify the presence of high and low-molecular
weight impurities. Secondary and tertiary structure of the drugs were investigated with circular dichroism and
intrinsic fluorescence. Finally, biological activity of the drugs was assessed using cell proliferation assay.

Results:
All products displayed protein content close to the label concentration with a ±6% variation. Two oxidized
forms and a deamidated form were present at <0.5%. Levels of dimers and other high molecular-weight
impurities were similar except for one product, which contained higher amount of the dimer. Profiles and levels
of process-related impurities were comparable. The three-dimensional conformation of the molecules with respect
to exposed tryptophan residues was similar. The relative potencies of the products were comparable to the reference
standard with a ±2% variation.

Conclusion:
This study shows that a high level of similarity is maintained among originator and three biosimilar
filgrastims up to 5 years from their first registration in the EU.
Maternal Serum Uric Acid as a Predictor of Severity of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kumar Naina , Singh Amit K. 
Published: November 2018

Objective:
To assess the relationship between maternal serum uric acid and severity of
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in a rural tertiary care centre.

Materials and Methods:
Present study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of
rural tertiary care centre of Northern India over seven months (October 2016-May 2017) on 110
women admitted with a Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (Gestational hypertension, Preeclampsia,
Eclampsia) at ≥;34 weeks gestation. Maternal serum uric acid levels were compared in
three groups in relation to disease severity, mode of delivery, maternal outcome.

Results:
Of total 110 women with a Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy; 35 (31.81%) had Gestational
Hypertension, 49 (44.54%) preeclampsia and 26 (23.63%) had eclampsia. Mean±SD values
for serum uric acid were 5.47±1.93 mg/dl in women with Gestational Hypertension; 6.72±2.15
mg/dl in Pre-eclampsia and 8.71±2.97 mg/dl in the eclamptic group. Of 110 women 34(97.14%)
with gestational hypertension, 27(55.10%) with pre-eclampsia and one (3.85%) with eclampsia
remained stable in post-partum period, 17 (34.69%) women with severe pre-eclampsia and 15
(57.69%) with eclampsia required intensive care in postpartum period and one (2.86%) women with
gestational hypertension, five (10.20%) with pre-eclmapsia and ten (38.46%) with eclampsia required
ventilator support and high dependency unit care. Of these 16 women with the severe disease,
ten succumbed to death. Also, in women with serum uric acid,>6mg/dl, most common mode
of delivery was a lower segment cesarean section (50.90%).

Conclusion:
Significant correlation was observed between maternal serum uric acid, disease severity
and maternal outcome.
Multiple Drug Intolerance Syndrome: An Underreported Distinct Clinical Entity
Authors: Behera Sapan K. , Das Saibal , Chengappa Kavadichanda G. , Xavier Alphienes S. , Selvarajan Sandhiya 
Published: November 2018

Aim:
Multiple drug intolerance syndrome (MDIS) is a unique clinical entity distinct
from other drug hypersensitivity syndromes. The aim of this review was to critically appraise the
various aspects of MDIS.

Methods:
A review was conducted to search for the causes, mechanism, clinical features, and management
of MDIS.

Results:
The most common cause of MDIS is antibiotics followed by non-steroidal antiinflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs). Although some non-specific immunological mechanisms are involved,
the immunological tests for MDIS are negative. Rashes, gastrointestinal reflux, headache,
cough, muscle ache, fever, dermatitis, hypertension, and psychiatric symptoms are the usual manifestations.
Treatment is mostly symptomatic with the withdrawal of the offending drug. Drug rechallenges
and desensitization may be required for the management of this syndrome.

Conclusion:
MDIS occurs by a nonimmune mechanism which requires a prompt withdrawal of the
offending drug(s), and in some cases may require drug re-challenge and desensitization.
Hybridized Quinoline Derivatives as Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking
Authors: Selim Mohamed R. , Zahran Medhat A. , Belal Amany , Abusaif Moustafa S. , Shedid Said A. , Mehany Ahmed B.M. , Elhagali Gameel A.M. , Ammar Yousry A. 
Published: November 2018

Objective:Conjugating quinolones with different bioactive pharmacophores to obtain potent anticancer active agents.Methods:Fused pyrazolopyrimidoquinolines 3a-d, Schiff bases 5, 6a-e, two hybridized systems: pyrazolochromenquinoline 7 and pyrazolothiazolidinquinoline 8, different substituted thiazoloquinolines 13-15 and thiazolo[3,2-a]pyridine derivatives 16a-c were synthesized. Their chemical structures were characterized through spectral and elemental analysis, cytotoxic activity on five cancer cell lines, caspase-3 activation, tubulin polymerization inhibition and cell cycle analysis were evaluated.Results:Four compounds 3b, 3d, 8 and 13 showed potent activity than doxorubicin on HCT116 and three compounds 3b, 3d and 8 on HEPG2. These promising derivatives showed increase in the level of caspase-3. The trifloromethylphenyl derivatives of pyrazolopyrimidoquinolines 3b and 3d showed considerable tubulin polymerization inhibitory activity. Both compounds arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis.Conclusion:Compounds 3b and 3d can be considered as promising anticancer active agents with 70% of colchicine activity on tubulin polymerization inhibition and represent hopeful leads that deserve further investigation and optimization.
Synthesis of Asymmetric 1-Thiocarbamoyl Pyrazoles as Potent Anti- Colon Cancer, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent
Authors: Raut Dattatraya G. , Patil Sandeep B. , Kadu Vikas D. , Hublikar Mahesh G. , Bhosale Raghunath B. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Cancer is one of the leading diseases responsible for deaths in the society. According to
the American cancer society, there will be 95,270 new cases of colon cancer in the U.S. in 2016. When a normal
cell turns cancerous they develop into tumours, which produce various pro-inflammatory and inflammatory
cytokines and chemokines that attract leukocytes to the site of growth. The main aim of this paper is to introduce
readers about the increased number of cancer patient, effects of cancer and need of research on same.

Methods:
The target molecules were prepared by reacting pyrazolealdehyde with appropriate aromatic ketone
by using polyethylene glycol (PEG-300) as green solvent and catalyst to yield chalcone. Furthermore, the reaction
of chalcones with thiosemicabazide yields asymmetric 1-thiocarbamoyl pyrazoles. All the newly synthesized
compounds were in vitro screened for their anticancer activities against Colon SW-620 by employing the
sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay method. Also all the synthesized compounds tested for in vitro antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory activity by using known literature methods.

Results:
Preliminary in vitro evaluation indicated that most of the compounds 4c, 4d and 4e possess distinct
cytotoxicity profile against Colon SW-620 cell line compared to standard drug adriamycin. All the tested compounds
showed good to excellent antioxidant activity against one or more reactive (H2O2, DPPH, SOR and NO)
radical scavenging species. Additionally, all the synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antiinflammatory
activity. Compounds 4a, 4b and 4e shows potent anti-inflammatory activity as compared to diclofenac
sodium as a standard reference.

Conclusion:
New anti- Colon SW-620 cancer agents are the need of time, we trust that 1-thiocarbamoyl pyrazole
derivatives 4c, 4d and 4e constitute an interesting template for the evaluation of new anticancer agent also
antioxidant and anti-inflammatory work may provide an interesting insight for further development.
Characterization of ZrO<sub>2</sub>-Montmorilonite Pillarization Process from Local Zirconium Oxychloride Local Made PSTA-BATAN
Authors: Muzakky Muzakky , Poernomo Herry 
Published: November 2018

Characterization of the pillarization process product of ZrO2-montmorillonite from Zirconium oxychloride local made of PSTA-BATAN has been done. The objective of this research is to control the quality of pillarization process product of the new material ZrO2-montmorilonite. This new material was produced from local made Zirconium oxychloride (ZOC) of PSTA-BATAN by dry process and bentonite (Na-montmorillonite) imported from Thailand by the pillarization process. During optimization the pillarization quality control would be followed by absorbance using Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis DRS) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). While the type of functional group can be detected by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, and the surface image was observed by using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and BET methods. The result gained showed that the optimum quality of ZrO2-montmorillonite was at Zr concentration of 0.2 M with the absorbance of 1.04 au by XRD and DRS. The best precursor used was ethylene glycol with a drying process in the cold conditions at the absorbance of 1.2 au. The best calcination process was at the temperature of 600 °C with the reached absorbance value of 1.3 au. The results of TEM image observation after calcination at the temperature of 600 °C were clearer and more porous than before and showed specific surface area of 105 m2/g. The interpretation results of FTIR spectra on the new material of ZrO2-montmorillonite contained the cluster of ΞSi-OH, ΞAl-OH and Si-O functional groups indicating pillar groups.
PENGARUH LAJU SEDIMENTASI TERHADAP REKRUTMEN KARANG DI TELUK KENDARI (The effect of sedimentation rate on coral recruitment in Kendari Bay)
Authors: Subhan Subhan , Afu La Ode Alirman 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRAKSedimentasi secara terus menerus menjadi masalah utama terumbu karang di perairan pesisir. Sebanyak 7 titik pengambilan sampel telah dilakukan di Teluk Kendari selama periode Juni - Oktober 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan adanya pengaruh laju sedimentasi terhadap rekrutmen karang baik dalam sebaran kelompok taksa dan ukuran koloni juvenil karang. Pengambilan sampel dengan transek kuadrat mengunakan alat selam SCUBA dilakukan untuk memperoleh data tentang rekrutmen karang. Sedangkan pengukuran laju sedimentasi menggunakan metode sediment trap. Hubungan antara laju sedimentasi dengan rekrutmen karang dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan linier negatif antara laju sedimentasi dan rekrutmen karang yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi r = -0.941. ABSTRACTSedimentation constantly becomes the major problem for coral reefs in coastal areas. There were seven sampling stations carried out in Kendari Bay between June and October 2015. The purpose of the present study was to confirm the effect of sedimentation rate on coral recruitment in the level of genus and size of the colony of coral’s juvenile. Sampling was collected using quadrant transect method with the help of SCUBA to obtain data on coral recruitment, while the sedimentation rates were measured using sediment trap method. The relationship between sedimentation rates and coral recruitment was analysed using regression linear. The results showed that there was negative relationship between sedimentation rates and coral recruitment with the coefficient correlation (r) = -0.941.
Character Education Value in the Ngendar Tradition in Piodalan at Penataran Agung Temple
Authors: Widiastuti Kadek , Perbowosari Heny 
Published: November 2018

<p>The ways to realize the generation which has a character can be apply in the social education through culture values, social ideology and religions, there are in <em>Ngendar’</em> traditions that was doing by the children’s in Banjar Sekarmukti, Pangsan Village, Petang District, Badung regency. The purpose of this research to analyze the character values from <em>Ngendar</em> tradition. The types of this research are qualitative which ethnographic approach is. These location of this research in Puseh Pungit temple in Penataran Agung areal, Banjar Sekarmukti, Pangsan Village. Researcher using purposive sampling technique to determine information, collecting the data’s using observation, interviews, literature studies and documentation. The descriptive qualitative technique’ that are use to data analyses. The result of this research to show; first is process of <em>Ngendar </em>as heritage that celebrated in six months as an expression about grateful to the God (Ida Sang Hyang Widi Wasa). The reasons why these traditions’ always celebrated by the children’s are affected from holiness, customs and cultures. Second, <em>Ngendar</em> on the naming the characters which is as understanding character children’s with their religion that are affected by two things, the naming about religion behavior with way reprimand and appreciation through their confidence <em>(Sradha)</em> and <em>Karma Phala Sradha. </em>Next function is to grow their awareness. There are awareness that growed on their souls is to practice <em>Ngendar</em> traditions’, as awareness conscience, have an empathy and love the kind. The third function is in <em>Ngendar </em>tradition was happened on the actualizations those appearance of the habits to doing kindness, actualizations appearances on their social activities and actualization attitude. The third result from the implication education character value were has in Ngendar tradition that do by the children’s is implication religious value, implication honest value, implication discipline value, implication awareness environment value and implication the responsibilities. </p>
Deteksi Fragmen DNA Rendah Pengkode Gen Sitokrom B (cyt b) Babi pada Sampel Mie Instan Menggunakan Metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Winarsih Winarsih , Nihayati Khoirun , Khhoiriyah Romyun Alvi 
Published: November 2018

Mie instan merupakan makanan yang sangat digemari oleh masayarakat Indonesia, selain cara penyajiannya yang cepat dan harganya terjangkau, rasa dari mie instan juga tidak kalah dengan makanan lainnya. Baru-baru ini sedang marak produk mie instan yang di impor dari Korea dan saat ini sedang digandrungi para remaja di Indonesia. Produk tersebut diduga mengandung babi, dugaan tersebut kemudian ditindak lanjuti oleh Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan selaku instansi yang berwenang untuk melakukan pengawasan terhadap obat dan makanan dan juga melakukan pengujian terhadap produk obat, makanan, maupun kosmetik yang diduga mengandung bahan berbahaya atau mengandung babi yang tidak umum dikonsumsi di Indonesia karena mayoritas penduduknya yang muslim. Proses pengujian sampel tersebut dilakukan dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) yang spesifik terhadap DNA suatu organisme. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakuakan didapatkan hasil dari 18 sampel mie instan, diketahui sampel dengan nomor 16 positif mengandung DNA cytb babi. Hal tersebut diketahui dari munculnya pita DNA pada daerah 149 bp.