bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Tobacco Use During Pregnancy, Perceived Stress, and Depression Among Alaska Native Women Participants in the Healthy Pregnancies Project
Authors: Patten Christi A , Lando Harry A , Desnoyers Chris A , Klejka Joseph , Decker Paul A , Bock Martha J , Hughes Christine A , Alexie Lucinda , Boyer Rahnia , Resnicow Kenneth , Burhansstipanov Linda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn general population samples, higher levels of stress and depression have been associated with increased prevalence of smoking in pregnancy. Little is known about the association of prenatal tobacco use, stress, and depression among American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN) women.MethodsThe Healthy Pregnancies Project is a cluster-randomized controlled trial, evaluating a community-level intervention compared with usual care, for reducing tobacco use during pregnancy and postpartum among AN women in 16 villages in western Alaska. This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from enrolled pregnant women. Baseline measures included the self-reported, 7-day, point-prevalence current use of any tobacco, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyses adjusted for village, participant age, and gestational age.ResultsParticipants (N = 352) were on average (SD) 25.8 (5.0) years of age and at 26.8 (9.8) weeks gestation. 66.5% were current tobacco users, of which 77% used Iqmik, a homemade form of smokeless tobacco. Compared with nonusers, tobacco users reported lower PSS score (p = .020) and less clinical levels of depression (CES-D ≥ 16) (18.1% vs. 9.3%, p = .21). Findings were not accounted for by nicotine dependence severity or self-reported tobacco use before pregnancy.ConclusionsIn this sample of pregnant AN women, tobacco users report less stress and clinical levels of depression than nonusers. A potential challenge with tobacco treatment for pregnant AN women is to provide alternative ways of deescalating stress and affect management instead of using tobacco.ImplicationsThis study contributes novel information on the association of tobacco use, perceived stress, and depression among Alaska Native women enrolled in a clinical trial to promote healthy pregnancies. Most prior studies addressing this topic were conducted among general population samples of pregnant women who smoked cigarettes. Little is known about these associations with prenatal smokeless tobacco, or among American Indian or Alaska Native women. The results are contrary to findings reported previously, because current tobacco use was associated with less stress and depression than nonuse. The study findings have implications for cessation treatment for this tobacco-use disparity group.
Impact of Catheter Management on Clinical Outcome in Adult Cancer Patients With Gram-Negative Bacteremia
Authors: Fares Johny , Khalil Melissa , Chaftari Anne-Marie , Hachem Ray , Jiang Ying , Kantarjian Hagop M , Raad Issam I 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objective
Gram-negative organisms have become a major etiology of bloodstream infections. We evaluated the effect of central venous catheter management on cancer patients with gram-negative bloodstream infections.

Method
We retrospectively identified patients older than 14 years with central venous catheters who were diagnosed with gram-negative bloodstream infections to determine the effect of catheter management on outcome. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 included patients with central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) without mucosal barrier injury and those whose infection met the criteria for catheter-related bloodstream infection; group 2 included patients with CLABSI with mucosal barrier injury who did not meet the criteria for catheter-related bloodstream infection; and group 3 included patients with non-CLABSI.

Results
The study included 300 patients, with 100 patients in each group. Only in group 1 was central venous catheter removal within 2 days of bloodstream infection significantly associated with a higher rate of microbiologic resolution at 4 days compared to delayed central venous catheter removal (3–5 days) or retention (98% vs 82%, P = .006) and a lower overall mortality rate at 3-month follow-up (3% vs 19%, P = .01). Both associations persisted in multivariate analyses (P = .018 and P = .016, respectively).

Conclusions
Central venous catheter removal within 2 days of the onset of gram-negative bloodstream infections significantly improved the infectious outcome and overall mortality of adult cancer patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections and CLABSI without mucosal barrier injury.
Presentation of treatment effect in glioblastoma after dose-escalation radiation therapy
Authors: Cicka Danielle , Ford Charles Lester , Templin Erica , Pitts Zachary , Gurbani Saumya , Eaton Bree , Lowder Lindsey , Olson Jeffrey , Weinberg Brent D , Shim Hyunsuk , Sengupta Soma 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Limited treatment options and the intense nature of therapy make determining the appropriate treatment course for each patient difficult. The appearance of transient worsening of imaging findings, known as treatment effect, after chemoradiation further complicates clinical decision-making. Accurately differentiating treatment effects from true progression is critical as subsequent treatment decisions are based largely on radiographic evidence of tumor progression. As chemoradiation can cause worsening of imaging findings, it is possible that the use of new treatments and modified chemoradiation regimens may alter the presentation of treatment effect. Therefore, physicians should be aware that atypical presentations of treatment effects can occur, and may be more likely, when treatment regimens are modified. Here, we present the case of a patient with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 wild type, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase-methylated glioblastoma who underwent dose-escalation radiation therapy (to 75 Gy) and exhibited worsened imaging findings at 8 months post-radiation.
Listeriosis in an immunocompetent patient after diagnostic colonoscopy
Authors: Burch Jacob , Kandola Samanjit , Enofe Ikponmwosa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present an 80-year-old female with type II diabetes (well controlled) who presented to the emergency department with a hemoglobin of 6.5 mg/d consistent with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). As part of the workup for IDA, she had an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. EGD was unremarkable. Colonoscopy revealed a mass occupying about 50% of the circumference of her descending colon suspicious for malignancy, which was biopsied. Thirty-six hours later, she developed fevers; blood cultures grew Listeria monocytogenes. Workup to identify the source of bacteremia was negative for other sources of infection. Due to the temporal relationship, the development of bacteremia was attributed to the disturbance of the gastrointestinal tract possibly from recent biopsy of the colonic mass. She was treated with penicillin for a total of about 4 weeks with complete resolution of symptoms and clearance of bacteremia. She had a transverse colectomy 6 weeks later with surgical pathology of the lesion showing intramucosal adenocarcinoma. This case represents a rare complication of colonoscopy and is novel because our patient was not immunocompromised as previously reported in other cases.
Recurrent auricular inflammation caused by Kimura’s disease: reminiscent of the early phase of relapsing polychondritis?
Authors: Ito Toshiki 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Recurrent auricular inflammation with pain and swelling is due to the composition and environmental exposures experienced by the constituent parts of the ear. A painful, swollen ear may suggest acute perichondritis, subperichondrial hematoma or relapsing polychondritis (RP). Here, we report a case of a 51-year-old Asian man who had an approximately 2-year history of recurrent auricular swelling and was referred for suspected RP. Biopsy of the lesion revealed the formation of lymphoid follicles with a dense infiltrate of lymphocytes, histiocytes and eosinophils. His serum IgE level was 12 040 U/mL (normal range 0–358). These findings suggest that the patient had Kimura’s disease (KD). Physicians should be aware of KD as a potential cause of recurrent auricular inflammation.
On the Transnational Destruction of Cities: What Japan and the United States Learned from the Bombing of Britain and Germany in the Second World War*
Authors: Garon Sheldon 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
How did it become ‘normal’ to bomb civilians? Focusing on the aerial bombardment of China, Germany, Britain, and Japan in 1937-45, this essay spotlights the role of transnational learning in the construction and destruction of ‘home fronts’. Belligerents vigorously studied each other's strategies to destroy the enemy's cities and ‘morale’, while investigating efforts to defend one's own home front by means of ‘civilian defence’. The inclusion of Japan, as bomber and bombed, contributes to a more global, connected history of the Second World War. Japan's sustained bombardment of Chinese cities not only reflected emerging transnational ideas of strategic bombing and total war, but also imparted new ‘lessons’ to Western air forces. Moreover, the devastating US firebombing of Japanese cities in 1945 challenges widely accepted judgments that bombing was generally ineffective, serving only to stiffen civilian morale. Why Japanese cities were bombed, and how they were bombed, was not an exceptional story, but was intimately connected to what the Allies had learned from bombing European urban areas.
A note on viscous flow induced by half-line sources bounded by conical surfaces
Authors: Rajamanickam Prabakaran , Weiss Adam D 
Published: September 2019

Summary
In this article, axisymmetric solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations governing the flow induced by a half-line source when the fluid domain is bounded by a conical wall are discussed. Two types of boundary conditions are identified; one in which the radial velocity along the axis is prescribed, and the other in which the radial velocity along the axis is obtained as an eigenvalue of the problem. The existence of these solutions is limited to a range of Reynolds numbers, and the transition from one case to the other is discussed in detail.
Correlation between kidney and peripheral nerve functions in Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lai Y-R , Cheng B-C , Huang C-C , Chiu W-C , Tsai N-W , Chen J-F , Lu C-H 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough greater impairments in nerve functions parameters are most likely to occur with a lower kidney function, there is a paucity of information on the relationship between the kidney and peripheral nerve functions parameters in Type 2 diabetes.AimTo address the impact of peripheral nerve functions in Type 2 diabetes patients in different stages of chronic kidney diseases (CKD).DesignThis prospective study enrolled 238 patients with Type 2 diabetes at a tertiary medical center.MethodWe designed composite amplitude scores of nerve conductions (CAS) as a measure of severity of peripheral neuropathy (PN), and used estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) parameters to stage CKD in Type 2 diabetes patients. The intrapersonal mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of eGFR for 238 patients were obtained in the 3 years prior to the study.ResultsThe patients who had lower eGFR and higher UACR were older, with longer diabetes duration, a greater percentage of retinopathy and PN and higher CAS. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that diabetes duration and eGFR were independently associated with CAS, and a cut-off value of eGFR in the presence of PN was 65.3 ml/min/1.73 m2.ConclusionWe observed a close relationship between the severity of kidney and peripheral nerve function in patients with diabetes. If a patient’s eGFR value is below 65.3 ml/min/1.73 m2 or the UACR value is above 98.6 mg/dl, caution is needed with the presence of PN even in diabetic patients who are asymptomatic.
Perinatal use and discontinuation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and biologics in women with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study
Authors: Rebić Nevena , Sayre Eric C , Zusman Enav Z , Amiri Neda , Baldwin Corisande , De Vera Mary A 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo characterize the utilization and discontinuation of medications before, during and after pregnancy among women with RA.MethodsWe used population-based administrative data to identify women with RA who had a singleton pregnancy ending in delivery between 1 January 2002 and 31 December 2012. We assessed the utilization of RA medications, namely, conventional synthetic DMARDs, biologics, glucocorticosteroids and NSAIDs, across six windows spanning 24 and 12 months before the start of pregnancy, each trimester of pregnancy and 12 months post-pregnancy. We defined medication discontinuation as no prescription in a given window following a prescription in the preceding window and evaluated predictors using logistic regression models, calculating adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.ResultsWe studied 1730 pregnancies in 1301 women with RA (mean age at delivery 31.4 ± 5.4 years). We observed substantial medication discontinuation, particularly in the first trimester, with discontinuation of antimalarials in 57.3% of patients, azathioprine 59.1%, sulfasalazine 69.5% and biologics 50.8%. Factors inversely associated with discontinuation of antimalarials in the first trimester were maternal age [OR 0.90 (95% CI 0.86, 0.95)] and number of rheumatology visits [OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.75, 0.97)] and for biologics, prior adverse birth outcome [OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.05, 0.95)].ConclusionOur population-based study shows frequent discontinuation of medications for RA, particularly in the first trimester. Findings indicate a need to educate women with RA who are planning pregnancy on the benefits and risks of medications during pregnancy.
CR10—A PUBLIC DATABASE OF COSMIC RADIATION MEASUREMENTS AT AVIATION ALTITUDES OF ABOUT 10 KM
Authors: Kákona Martin , Kyselová Dagmar , Ambrožová Iva , Kubančák Ján , Štěpán Václav , Langer Ronald , Kudela Karel , Ploc Ondřej 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Long-term measurements using silicon radiation spectrometer Liulin on board commercial aircraft have been performed since 2001; results were put into a new database, which covers more than 4500 flights with more than 130 000 measurements. Methodology and tools were developed to normalize the data with respect to latitude and altitude and thus enable comparison with other radiation detectors and with model calculations. This capability is demonstrated using data from the neutron monitor at Lomnický štít. Instead of providing data files for individual measurement period, two software solutions are delivered. First is a web-based user interface for visualizing and downloading arbitrary time window of interest from the database hosted at http://cr10.odz.ujf.cas.cz. The second is a set of interactive Python notebooks available at GitHub. Those implement the calibration, normalization and visualization methods—so the outputs can be tailored to user needs. The software and data are provided under GNU/CC license.
Sleep-wake disturbances in hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury: association with brain trauma but not with an abnormal melatonin circadian rhythm
Authors: Duclos Catherine , Dumont Marie , Paquet Jean , Blais Hélène , Van der Maren Solenne , Menon David K , Bernard Francis , Gosselin Nadia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
To test whether the sleep-wake cycle disruption in patients hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (1) is also found in patients with traumatic injuries other than TBI (non-TBI) and (2) is associated with a weaker or abnormal circadian clock signal.

Methods
Forty-two non-mechanically ventilated and non-sedated patients hospitalized for moderate-to-severe TBI were compared to 34 non-TBI patients. They wore wrist actigraphs for 9.4 ± 4.2 days, starting 19.3 ± 12.6 days post-injury. Of these, 17 TBI and 14 non-TBI patients had their urine collected every hour for 25 hours, starting 18.3 ± 12.3 days post-injury. We calculated urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentration to obtain total 24-hour excretion, excretion onset, offset, duration, amplitude, and acrophase. Using Student’s t-tests, we compared groups on actigraphy (daytime activity ratio, nighttime total sleep time, and fragmentation index) and melatonin variables. We investigated associations between melatonin and actigraphy variables using Pearson’s correlations.

Results
TBI patients had poorer daytime activity ratio (TBI: 77.5 ± 9.4%; non-TBI: 84.6 ± 6.9%), shorter nighttime total sleep time (TBI: 353.5 ± 96.6 min; non-TBI: 421.2 ± 72.2 min), and higher fragmentation index (TBI: 72.2 ± 30.0; non-TBI: 53.5 ± 23.6) (all p-values &lt; 0.01). A melatonin rhythm was present in both groups, and no group differences were found on melatonin variables. No associations were found between melatonin and actigraphy variables in TBI patients.

Conclusion
Moderate-to-severe TBI patients have more serious sleep-wake disturbances than non-TBI patients hospitalized in the same environment, suggesting that the brain injury itself alters the sleep-wake cycle. Despite their deregulated 24-hour sleep-wake cycle, TBI patients have a normal circadian clock signal.
Women Cabinet Ministers’ Substantive Representation in Africa
Authors: Nwankwor Chiedo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Research on women executives’ substantive representation is currently drawing serious attention given women’s increasing inclusion in cabinets globally. However, these studies rarely question whether women ministers across Africa represent women’s interests. Using primary semi-structured interview data conducted with forty-nine interviewees, including seventeen ministers in Nigeria and South Africa, this article explores whether women politicians advocate for women’s interests. It centers a critical understanding of the cabinet as an embedded institution, embraces a context-specific understanding of substantive representation, and demonstrates that women ministers’ representation of women’s interests occurs mostly in nonlegislative ways. It presents an expansive three-level conception of substantive representation.
Contribution of Marijuana Legalization to the U.S. Opioid Mortality Epidemic: Individual and Combined Experience of 27 States and District of Columbia
Authors: Bleyer Archie , Barnes Brian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies of U.S. states as of 2013 and one state as of 2015 suggested that marijuana availability reduces opioid mortality (marijuana protection hypothesis). This investigation tested the hypothesis with opioid mortality trends updated to 2017 and by evaluating all states and the District of Columbia (D.C.).MethodsOpioid mortality data obtained from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to compare opioid death rate trends in each marijuana-legalizing state and D.C. before and after medicinal and recreational legalization implementation and their individual and cumulative aggregate trends with concomitant trends in non-legalizing states. The Joinpoint Regression Program identified statistically-significant mortality trends and when they occurred.ResultsOf 23 individually evaluable legalizing jurisdictions, 78% had evidence for a statistically-significant acceleration of opioid death rates after medicinal or recreational legalization implementation at greater rates than their pre-legalization rate or the concurrent composite rate in non-legalizing states. All four jurisdictions evaluable for recreational legalization had evidence (p <0.05) for subsequent opioid death rate increases, one had a distinct acceleration, and one a reversal of prior decline. Since 2009-2012, when the cumulative-aggregate opioid death rate in the legalizing jurisdictions was the same as in the non-legalizing group, the legalizing group’s rate accelerated increasingly faster (p=0.009). By 2017 it was 67% greater than in the non-legalizing group (p <<0.05).ConclusionsThe marijuana protection hypothesis is not supported by recent U.S. data on opioid mortality trends. Instead, legalizing marijuana appears to have contributed to the nation’s opioid mortality epidemic.
Patterns of Autism Symptoms: Hidden Structure in the ADOS and ADI-R instruments
Authors: Lefort-Besnard Jérémy , Vogeley Kai , Schilbach Leonhard , Varoquaux Gaël , Thirion Bertrand , Dumas Guillaume , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTWe simultaneously revisited the ADI-R and ADOS with a comprehensive data-analytics strategy. Here, the combination of pattern analysis algorithms and an extensive data resources (n=266 patients aged 7 to 49 years) allowed identifying coherent clinical constellations in and across ADI-R and ADOS assessments widespread in clinical practice. The collective results of the clustering and sparse regression approaches suggest that identifying autism subtypes and severity for a given individual may be most manifested in the social and communication domains of the ADI-R. Additionally, our quantitative investigation revealed that disease-specific patterns of ADI-R and ADOS scores can be uncovered when studying sex, age or level of FIQ in patients.
Genetic Diversity of thecagAgene ofHelicobacter pyloristrains from Sudanese Patients with Different Gastroduodenal Diseases
Authors: Hassan Hadeel Gassim , Idris Abeer Babiker , Hassan Mohamed A. , Altayb Hisham N. , Yasin Kyakonye , Beirage Nazar , Abdel Hamid Muzamil M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is an increase in the prevalence ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection in Sudan, accompanied by a high incidence of upper gastrointestinal malignancy. The cytotoxin-associated genecagAgene is a marker of a pathogenicity island (PAI) inH. pyloriand plays a crucial role in determining the clinical outcome ofHelicobacterinfections.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the frequency and heterogeneity of thecagAgene ofH. pyloriand correlate the presence ofcagAgene with clinical outcomes.Materials and methodsFifty endoscopy biopsies were collected from Fedail and Soba hospitals in Khartoum state. DNA was extracted using the Guanidine chloride method followed by PCR to amplify16S rRNAandcagAgene ofH. pyloriusing specific primers. DNA amplicons ofcagAgene were purified and sequenced. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis were done to characterize and to test the association betweencagAgene and gastric complications.ResultsCagAgene was detected in 20/37(54%) of the samples that were found positive forH. pylori. There was no association between endoscopy finding and the presence of thecagAgene (p = 0.225). Specific amino acid variations were found at seven loci related to strains from a patient with duodenitis, gastric ulcer, and gastric atrophy (R448H, T457K, S460L, IT463-464VA, D470E, A482Q, KNV490-491-492TKT) while mutations in cancerous strain were A439P, T457P, and H500Y.ConclusionDisease-specific variations ofcagAofH. pyloristrains, in the region of amino acid residues 428-510, were evident among Sudanese patients with different gastroduodenal diseases. A novel mutation (K458N) was detected in a patient with duodenitis, which affects the positive electrostatic surface ofcagA. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high level of diversity ofcagAfrom SudaneseH. pyloristrains.