bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodic locomotion of a two‐body crawling system along a straight line on a rough inclined plane
Authors: Bolotnik N. , Schorr P. , Zeidis I. , Zimmermann K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe motion of a two‐body limbless crawler along a line of maximum slope on an inclined plane is considered. Dry friction (anisotropic in the general case) acts between the system's bodies and the underlying plane. The motion is excited and controlled by a periodic change in the distance between the bodies. Of most interest is the periodic upward motion of the system, when the velocity of the system's center of mass changes periodically with a period coinciding with that of the excitation. A mathematical model of the crawler is presented. An upper bound for the inclination angles of the plane at which the system can move upward is estimated. This estimate is based on the averaged model, which implies smallness of the coefficient of friction. Numerical and physical simulation is performed to verify the theoretical results and define an applicability area for them.
Identifying neoantigens for use in immunotherapy
Authors: Hutchison Sharon , Pritchard Antonia L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis review focuses on the types of cancer antigens that can be recognised by the immune system and form due to alterations in the cancer genome, including cancer testis, overexpressed and neoantigens. Specifically, neoantigens can form when cancer cell-specific mutations occur that result in alterations of the protein from ‘self’. This type of antigen can result in an immune response sufficient to clear tumour cells when activated. Furthermore, studies have reported that the likelihood of successful immunotherapeutic targeting of cancer by many different methods was reliant on immune response to neoantigens. The recent resurgence of interest in the immune response to tumour cells, in conjunction with technological advances, has resulted in a large increase in the predicted, identified and functionally confirmed neoantigens. This growth in identified neoantigen sequences has increased the contents of training sets for algorithms, which in turn improves the prediction of which genetic mutations may form neoantigens. Additionally, algorithms predicting how proteins will be processed into peptide epitopes by the proteasome and which peptides bind to the transporter complex are also improving with this research. Now that large screens of all the tumour-specific protein altering mutations are possible, the emerging data from assessment of the immunogenicity of neoantigens suggest that only a minority of variants will form targetable epitopes. The potential for immunotherapeutic targeting of neoantigens will therefore be greater in cancers with a higher frequency of protein altering somatic variants. There is considerable potential in the use of neoantigens to treat patients, either alone or in combination with other immunotherapies and with continued advancements, these potentials will be realised.
MiRNA-126 expression inhibits IL-23R mediated TNF-α or IFN-γ production in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in a mice model of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gao Jie , Kong Ruina , Zhou Xiaoli , Ji Lianmei , Zhang Ju , Zhao Dongbao 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Both miR-126 and IL-23R affect rheumatoid arthritis (RA) procession. This study aimed to investigate the association of miR-126 and IL-23R and the possible modulation of miR-126 to RA pathogenesis. Serum, synovial tissue and synovial fluid were collected from patients with RA, and expression of miR-126, IL-23R, TNF-α and IFN-γ were detected. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) was established using a collagen-induced arthritis mice model. The expression of miR-126 was manual intervened using pro-miR-126 and anti-miR-126 encoding lentivirus plasmids, or miR-126 agonists and corresponding negative controls. MiR-126 expression was inhibited in RA patients when compared with controls (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IFN-γ production and IL-23R expression were significantly upregulated in RA patients when compared to controls (P < 0.05). In pro-miR-126 treated FLS cells, the administration of pro-miR-126 plasmids upregulated miR-126, but inhibited IL-23R, TNF-α and IFN-γ expression or production. Moreover, the miR-126 agonist reversed the effects of the anti-miR-126 plasmid on FLS. These results revealed that miR-126 negative regulated the expression of IL-23R, TNF-α and IFN-γ. These results suggest the key impact of miR-126 on RA procession. Moreover, pro-miR-126 might be explored to be a potential therapy for RA.
The perception of parental bonding in pregnant adolescents and its association with generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Matos Mariana Bonati de , Scholl Carolina Coelho , Trettim Jéssica Puchalski , Molina Mariane Lopez , Soares Mariana Carret , Coelho Fernanda Teixeira , Castelli Rochele Dias , Silva Ricardo Azevedo da , Pinheiro Karen Amaral Tavares , Coelho Fábio Monteiro da Cunha , Quevedo Luciana de Avila , Pinheiro Ricardo Tavares 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground:The parental bonding is influenced by two dimensions: care and control or protection over the child of both parents. The lack of care during childhood may make the individual more susceptible to the onset of psychiatric disorders when adult. These psychiatric disorders when present during pregnancy may have a negative impact on the health of pregnant women and children. The aim of this study was to assess the association between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in pregnant adolescents and the perception of parental bonding.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study with 871 pregnant women under the age of 19, receiving prenatal care in 47 Basic Health Units in the one city, Brazil. The generalized anxiety disorder was measured using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the perception of parental bonding in childhood using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI).Results:The prevalence of GAD was 8.5%. Among all the parental bonding dimensions, only a perceived lack of maternal care under 16 years was associated with GAD.Conclusions:The results showed that only the perception of maternal bonding was associated with later GAD. It suggests that an adequate maternal bond is an essential component of psychological health.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation for the Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy on Gastrocnemius Muscle Spasticity in Patients With Chronic Stroke
Authors: Lee Chang Han , Lee Seung Hun , Yoo Jun‐Il , Lee Shi‐Uk 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundExtracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been suggested as a useful treatment for spasticity in patients with stroke. To date, most studies have used clinical or biomechanical assessments to determine the effects of treatment.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of a single session of ESWT through ultrasonographic assessment on spasticity in patients with chronic stroke.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingRehabilitation center.ParticipantsEighteen patients with chronic stroke.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to an ESWT group (n = 9) or control group (n = 9). In the ESWT group, a single session of ESWT was given in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle of the spastic side at 4 Hz, 2000 shots with intensity of stimulation using energy of 0.1 mJ/mm2. Sham stimulation was provided by only making sound without putting the device into contact with the skin in the control group. The clinical trial registration number of this study is KCT0002582.Main Outcome MeasuresParticipants were evaluated prior to the treatment, 30 minutes, 1 week, and 4 weeks after treatment. Clinical measures included Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), passive range of motion (PROM), and Fugl‐Meyer Assessment (FMA). As the primary outcome measure, the ultrasonographic measures were Achilles tendon length (ATL), muscle fascicle length (MFL), muscle thickness (MT), and pennation angle (PA).ResultsThere were no significant differences between the 2 groups for any demographic or baseline measures. At all follow‐up evaluations, improvement was shown in MAS as well as changes from baseline of ultrasonographic measures in the ESWT group compared to the control group. In the case of ultrasonographic measures, the difference between the group was greatest at 4 weeks. At follow‐up of 4 weeks, between‐group difference was 0.66 points (P = .04) on MAS scores, 5.45 points (P = .004) on ATL scores, 4.95 points (P = .002) on MFL scores, 1.83 points (P < .001) on MT scores, and 3.73 points (P < .001) on PA scores.ConclusionsSome ultrasonographic measures of spasticity as well as MAS were improved after a single session of ESWT. Future studies with larger numbers of subjects compared with other spasticity metrics are necessary to further evaluate the treatment effect of ESWT.Level of EvidenceII
Profiling the Isokinetic Muscle Strength of Athletes Involved in Sports Characterized by Constantly Varied Functional Movements Performed at High Intensity: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Motta Caroline , de Lira Claudio A.B. , Vargas Valentine Z. , Vancini Rodrigo L. , Andrade Marilia S. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundConstantly varied functional movements performed at high intensity (FMHI) is a type of strength and general conditioning program that has gained widespread popularity in recent years. The very intense exercises performed with lower and upper limbs may create muscular asymmetry or imbalance between agonist and antagonist muscles, and therefore the characterization of isokinetic muscle strength, side‐to‐side difference, and balance ratios for lower and upper limbs may contribute to a better understanding of the modality characteristics.ObjectiveTo evaluate the knee and shoulder strength of FMHI athletes of both sexes.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingExercise physiology laboratory.ParticipantsSixty FMHI athletes (30 M/30 W) with more than 2 years' experience.MethodsAthletes performed isokinetic tests in both lower and upper limbs: concentrically at 60°/s and 240°/s and eccentrically at 240°/s.Main Outcome MeasurementsIsokinetic peak torque of knee flexor and extensor and shoulder internal and external rotator muscles. Conventional and functional strength balance ratios and side‐to‐side strength difference.ResultsConcentric peak torque values relative to total body mass for shoulder and knee joints were higher in men than women on both sides. Eccentric peak torque values for knee flexor‐dominant and extensor‐nondominant limbs showed no difference between the sexes. The knee conventional strength balance ratio for dominant and nondominant sides in women (51.5% ± 7.0% and 51.0% ± 7.1%, respectively) and for dominant and nondominant sides in men (54.4% ± 15.2% and 51.5% ± 9.9%, respectively) were no different between the sexes or limbs. The shoulder conventional strength balance ratio was higher in women (78.1 ± 13.2%) than in men (67.6% ± 10.9%) on the nondominant side. Knee and shoulder functional strength balance ratios in nondominant limbs were higher for women than men. Both sexes presented no side‐to‐side difference for knee joints or muscles, or for shoulder IR muscles, but ER was stronger in dominant limbs.ConclusionsThese data from highly trained FMHI athletes can be compared to that of other athletes to help determine individual weaknesses, strengths, and imbalances, and may be useful for designing training programs.Level of EvidenceIII.
A Legal Mirage: State Responsibility for Non-State Actor Interference with Space Systems
Authors: FOGO HEATHER S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOuter space is becoming a more accessible and less expensive domain in which to operate. Consequently, growing numbers of state and non-state actors (NSAs) are operating in, to, and through space. At the same time, instances of space-based and ground-based interference with space systems are also increasing, disrupting crucial space-supported services and applications relied on by millions, with great financial and operational costs. The increased participation of NSAs in space activities raises particular concerns, especially the threat of intentional interference with space systems by nefarious actors like terrorist organizations. It also requires consideration of whether states bear responsibility and/or liability for the acts of NSAs with a nexus to those states. At first glance, it is tempting to conclude that one or more normative legal regimes would apply. The potential regimes include international space law, international telecommunications law, and the law of state responsibility. On further examination, however, when it comes to interference, there appears to be no effective legal mechanism to hold states accountable for NSA interference with space systems, which can be exploited by NSAs and challenge efforts by states to enforce “good” behaviour.
The first report of cerebral, pulmonary and gastrointestinal angiostrongyliasis in the water rat Hydromys chrysogaster from Queensland, Australia
Authors: Shamsi S. , Miles S. , Tozer K. , Raidal S.R. , Smales L.R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe describe the first case of angiostrongyliasis in a water rat, Hydromys chrysogaster, a large rodent adapted to aquatic life, which is endemic to Australia, New Guinea and adjacent islands.
Descartes: A Metaphysical Solution to the Mind–Body Relation and the Intellect's Clear and Distinct Conception of the Union
Authors: Christofidou Andrea 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFirst, I offer a solution to the metaphysical problem of the mind–body relation, drawing on the fact of its distinctness in kind. Secondly, I demonstrate how, contrary to what is denied, Descartes’ metaphysical commitments allow for the intellect's clear and distinct conception of the mind–body union. Central to my two-fold defence is a novel account of the metaphysics of Descartes’ Causal Principle: its neutrality, and the unanalysable, fundamental nature of causality. Without the presupposition, and uniqueness of the mind-body union there can be no mind-body interaction; this throws new light on current concerns in metaphysics and philosophy of mind.
Exploring what the Notion of ‘Lived Experience’ Offers for Social Policy Analysis
Authors: MCINTOSH IAN , WRIGHT SHARON 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, we suggest that social policy may be on the cusp of a large-scale adoption of the notion of lived experience. However, within social policy and allied disciplines, the growing use of the term ‘lived experience’ is unaccompanied by discussion of what it may mean or imply. We argue that now is a good time to consider what this term could mean for social policy analysis. The peculiarities of Anglo-centric usage of the broader term ‘experience’ are explored, before we identify and discuss several roots from which understandings of ‘lived experience’ as a concept and a research strategy have grown: namely, phenomenology, feminist writing and ethnography. Drawing on multiple historical and contemporary international literatures, we identify a set of dilemmas and propositions around: assumed authenticity, questioning taken-for-grantedness, intercorporeality, embodied subjectivity; political strategies of recognition, risks of essentialising, and immediacy of unique personal experiences versus inscription of discourse. We argue that lived experience can inform sharp critique and offer an innovative window on aspects of the ‘shared typical’. Our central intention is to encourage and frame debate over what lived experience could mean theoretically and methodologically within social policy contexts and what the implications may be for its continued use.
Evidence for Reduced Autobiographical Memory Episodic Specificity in Cognitively Normal Middle-Aged and Older Individuals at Increased Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia
Authors: Grilli Matthew D. , Wank Aubrey A. , Bercel John J. , Ryan Lee 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectives:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) typically eludes clinical detection for years, if not decades. The identification of subtle cognitive decline associated with preclinical AD would not only advance understanding of the disease, but also provide clinical targets to assess preventative and early intervention treatments. Disrupted retrieval of detailed episodic autobiographical memories may be a sensitive indicator of subtle cognitive decline, because this type of memory taxes a core neural network affected by preclinical AD neuropathology.Methods:To begin to address this idea, we assessed the episodic specificity of autobiographical memories retrieved by cognitively normal middle-aged and older individuals who are carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele – a population at increased risk for subtle cognitive decline related to neuropathological risk factors for AD. We compared the ε4 carriers to non-carriers of ε4 similar in age, education, and gender.Results:The ε4 carriers did not perform worse than the non-carriers on a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests. In contrast, as a group, the ε4 carriers generated autobiographical memories that were reduced in “internal” or episodic details relative to non-carriers.Conclusions:These findings support the notion that reduced autobiographical episodic detail generation may be a marker of subtle cognitive decline associated with AD. (JINS, 2018,24, 1073–1183)
Auch Du Hast Sommerferien
Authors: Babocsai Lysett , Vonderlin Eva , Rauch Wolfgang , Pauen Sabina 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung. Das Sommertherapiecamp (STC) ist ein multimodaler kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischer Intensivbehandlungsansatz für die Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS). Der Artikel berichtet über Befunde einer Wirksamkeitsstudie für das STC mit Prä-Post-Design und Kontrollgruppenvergleich. Die Eltern von N = 31 Kindern (7 – 11 Jahre) mit einer ADHS-Diagnose füllten vor und nach dem dreiwöchigen STC folgende Symptom-Fragebögen aus: CBCL/4 – 18, DISYPS-II FBB-ADHS und FBB-SSV. N = 13 weitere Kinder der gleichen Grundgesamtheit, die in der selben Zeit unbehandelt blieben oder „treatment as usual“ erhielten, dienten als Kontrollgruppe. Die STC-Gruppe zeigte eine Verbesserung der ADHS-Symptomatik sowie eine Reduktion weiterer Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, während vergleichbare Effekte für die Kontrollgruppe nicht nachweisbar waren. Angesichts kleiner Stichproben sind diese Befunde vorerst vorsichtig zu interpretieren, liefern jedoch erste ermutigende Hinweise auf die Brauchbarkeit des STC.
Estimation and Impact Assessment of Input and Parameter Uncertainty in Predicting Groundwater Flow With a Fully Distributed Model
Authors: Mustafa Syed Md. Touhidul , Nossent Jiri , Ghysels Gert , Huysmans Marijke 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe present a general and flexible Bayesian approach using uncertainty multipliers to simultaneously analyze the input and parameter uncertainty of a groundwater flow model with consideration of the heteroscedasticity of the groundwater level error. Groundwater recharge and groundwater abstraction multipliers are introduced to quantify the uncertainty of the spatially distributed input data of the groundwater model in addition to parameter uncertainty. The heteroscedasticity of the groundwater level error is also considered in our Bayesian approach by incorporating a new heteroscedastic error model. The proposed methodology is applied in an overexploited aquifer in Bangladesh where groundwater abstraction and recharge data are highly uncertain. The results of the study confirm that consideration of recharge and abstraction uncertainty through the use of recharge and abstraction multipliers is feasible even in a fully distributed physically based groundwater flow model. Heteroscedasticity is present in the groundwater level error and has an effect on the model predictions and parameter distributions. The input uncertainty affects the model predictions and parameter distributions and it is the dominant source of uncertainty in the groundwater flow prediction. Additionally, the approach described also provides a new way to optimize the spatially distributed recharge and abstraction data along with the parameter values under uncertain input conditions. We conclude that considering model input uncertainty along with parameter uncertainty and heteroscedasticity of the groundwater level error is important for obtaining realistic model predictions and a correct estimation of the uncertainty bounds.
Formation, Growth, and Failure of Debris Jams at Bridge Piers
Authors: Panici Diego , de Almeida Gustavo A. M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe accumulation of large wood debris around bridge piers obstructs the flow, producing increased upstream water levels, large horizontal structural loadings, and flow field modifications that can considerably exacerbate scour. These effects have frequently been held responsible for the failure of a large number of bridges around the world, as well as for increased risk of flooding of adjacent areas. Yet little is currently known about the time evolution and processes responsible for the formation and growth of these debris piles. This paper is aimed at deciphering the whole life of debris accumulations through an exhaustive set of 570 experiments in which debris elements were individually introduced into a flume and accumulated at a pier model downstream. Our findings show that in all experiments, the growth of accumulations is halted at a critical stage, after which the jam is removed from the pier by the flow. This condition typically coincides with the time when the dimensions of the accumulations are maxima. The values of the accumulation maximum size display a clear dependence on flow characteristics and debris length distribution. On the other hand, other variables have shown much weaker effects on the geometry of the accumulations. For a given debris length, accumulations are wide, shallow, and long at low flow velocities but become narrower, deeper, and shorter with increasing velocities. A comparison of results of accumulations formed with debris of uniform and nonuniform size distributions has revealed that the former can be up to 2.5 times wider than the latter.