bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A widespread Xrn1-resistant RNA motif composed of two short hairpins
Authors: Dilweg Ivar W. , Gultyaev Alexander P. , Olsthoorn René C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractXrn1 is a major 5′-3′ exoribonuclease involved in the RNA metabolism of many eukaryotic species. RNA viruses have evolved ways to thwart Xrn1 in order to produce subgenomic non-coding RNA that affects the hosts RNA metabolism. The 3’ untranslated region of several beny-and cucumovirus RNAs harbors a so-called ‘coremin’ motif that is required for Xrn1 stalling. The structural features of this motif have not been studied in detail yet. Here, by using in vitro Xrn1 degradation assays, we tested over 50 different RNA constructs based on the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus sequence, to deduce putative structural features responsible for Xrn1-stalling. We demonstrated that the minimal benyvirus stalling site consists of two hairpins of 3 and 4 base pairs respectively. The 5’ proximal hairpin requires a YGAD (Y = U/C, D = G/A/U) consensus loop sequence, whereas the 3′ proximal hairpin loop sequence is variable. The sequence of the 9-nucleotide spacer that separates the hairpins is highly conserved and potentially involved in tertiary interactions. Similar coremin motifs were identified in plant virus isolates from other families including Betaflexiviridae, Virgaviridae and Secoviridae (order of the Picornavirales). We conclude that Xrn-stalling motifs are more widespread among RNA viruses than previously realized.
Machine learning applied to predicting microorganism growth temperatures and enzyme catalytic optima
Authors: Li Gang , Rabe Kersten S. , Nielsen Jens , Engqvist Martin K. M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEnzymes that catalyze chemical reactions at high temperatures are used for industrial biocatalysis, applications in molecular biology, and as highly evolvable starting points for protein engineering. The optimal growth temperature (OGT) of organisms is commonly used to estimate the stability of enzymes encoded in their genomes, but the number of experimentally determined OGT values are limited, particularly for ther-mophilic organisms. Here, we report on the development of a machine learning model that can accurately predict OGT for bacteria, archaea and microbial eukaryotes directly from their proteome-wide 2-mer amino acid composition. The trained model is made freely available for re-use. In a subsequent step we OGT data in combination with amino acid composition of individual enzymes to develop a second machine learning model – for prediction of enzyme catalytic temperature optima (Topt). The resulting model generates enzymeToptestimates that are far superior to using OGT alone. Finally, we predictToptfor 6.5 million enzymes, covering 4,447 enzyme classes, and make the resulting dataset available for researchers. This work enables simple and rapid identification of enzymes that are potentially functional at extreme temperatures.
Youth unemployment, NEETs and structural inequality in Spain
Authors: Rodriguez-Modroño Paula 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to apply an intersectional analysis to assess the impact of structural factors on the risk of being a NEET for youth in Spain. The author study if inequalities have changed after the economic crisis, once youth policies designed to improve the Spanish school-to-work transition (SWT) system were implemented.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on microdata from the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions, the paper compares the probability of becoming not in employment, education or training (NEET) of young men and women born inside or outside Spain and living in different types of households.FindingsAlthough unemployment rates have improved since the end of the crisis, the situation regarding youth employment, poverty and inequalities remains challenging. Gender and other structural differences are usually ignored in policy debates and in the measures adopted to fight youth unemployment, leading to the persistance of inequalities.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis illustrates new lines and trajectories in the segmentation of youth labor markets along the lines of gender, household and country of origin.Practical implicationsThe findings highlight the need for introducing an analysis of the different sources of vulnerability in policy designs in order to promote a real and sustainable change in SWTs.Originality/valueThe contribution of this research to the literature on NEET and SWT is to introduce a framework that allows for the intersectional analysis of gender and other structural inequalities.
The role of local labour market conditions and pupil attainment on post-compulsory schooling decisions
Authors: Meschi Elena , Swaffield Joanna , Vignoles Anna 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the role of local labour market conditions and pupil educational attainment as primary determinants of the post-compulsory schooling decision.

Design/methodology/approach
Through the specification of a nested logit model, the restrictive independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption inherent in the multinomial logit (MNL) model is relaxed across multiple unordered outcomes.

Findings
The analysis shows that the factors influencing schooling decisions differ for males and females. For females, on average, the key drivers of the schooling decision are expected wage returns based on youth educational attainment, attitudes to school and parental aspirations, rather than local labour market conditions. For males, higher local unemployment rates encourage greater investment in education.

Originality/value
The contribution of this paper to the existing literature is threefold. First, a nested logit model is proposed as an alternative to a MNL. The former can formally incorporate the structured and sequential decision-making process that youths may engage with in relation to the post-compulsory schooling decision, as well as relaxing the restrictive IIA assumption inherent in the MNL across multiple unordered outcomes, an issue the authors discuss in more detail in the Methodology section below. Second, the analysis is based on extremely rich socio-economic data from the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England, matched to local labour market data and administrative data from the National Pupil Database and Pupil Level Annual School Census, which provide a broad set of unusually high-quality measures of prior attainment. The authors argue that such high-quality data and an appropriate model specification allows identification of the determinants of the post-compulsory decision in a more detailed manner than many previous analyses. Third, the data have the scale necessary to consider whether the determinants of post-compulsory schooling decisions vary by gender, a particularly important issue given the differential education participation rates of males and females (e.g. in this cohort, females are about 10 percentage points more likely to go on to higher education in the UK than males), and the gendered choices of occupation (see, e.g. Bertrand, 2011). The work will, therefore, provide recent empirical evidence from England on gender differences in the determinants of education choices.
Foreign direct investment and institutional stability: who drives whom?
Authors: Mahmood Nihal , Shakil Mohammad Hassan , Akinlaso Ishaq Mustapha , Tasnia Mashiyat 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) flows and institutional stability. The focus country is Canada. It is one of the few countries where the economy remained relatively stable compared to other economies during the Global Financial Crisis. It is crucial for Canada to determine the optimal level of institutional development to attract more FDI and sustain the sound financial stability in future.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) approach to understand the relationship between FDI and institutional stability along with other controlled variables, for instance, gross national product, inflation and exports.

Findings
The key finding of this work is that FDI and institutional stability are cointegrated in the long run. The error correction model of ARDL shed light on institutional stability being an exogenous variable, and FDI is an endogenous variable. Institutional stability affects FDI, as it is exogenous. The findings will help policymakers to implement policies to strengthen the institution’s settings, and this, in turn, will attract more investment.

Originality/value
Based on previous theoretical and empirical literature, most of the research points to FDI positively affect institutional stability. In some cases, the relationship does not always hold true. This study will fix the gap in the literature by investigating the relationship between FDI and institutional stability of Canada.
Internet of Things-based intelligent evacuation protocol in libraries
Authors: Xie Kefan , Liu Zimei , Fu Liuliu , Liang Benbu 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework of applying the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to the intelligent evacuation protocol in libraries at emergency situations.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted field investigations on eight libraries in Wuhan, China, analyzed the characteristics of crowd gathering in libraries and the problems of the libraries’ existing evacuation plans. Therefore, an IoT-based intelligent evacuation protocol in libraries was proposed. Its basic structure consisted of five components: the information base, the protocol base, the IoT sensors, the information fusion system and the intelligent evacuation protocol generation system. In the information fusion system, Dempster–Shafer (D-S) evidence theory was employed as the information fusion algorithm to fuse the multi-sensor information at multiple time points, so as to reduce the uncertainty of disaster prediction. The authors also conducted a case study on the Library L in Wuhan, China. A specific evacuation route was generated for a fire and the crowd evacuation was simulated by the software Patherfind.

Findings
The proposed IoT-based evacuation protocol has four distinguishing features: scenario corresponding, precise evacuation, dynamic correction and intelligent decision-making. The case study shows that the proposed protocol is feasible in practice, indicating that the IoT technologies have great potential to be successfully applied to the safety management in libraries.

Research limitations/implications
The software and hardware requirements as well as the Internet network requirements of IoT technologies need to be further discussed.

Practical implications
The proposed IoT-based intelligent evacuation protocol can be widely used in libraries, which is one of the inspirations for the use of IoT technologies in modern constructers.

Originality/value
The application of IoT technologies in libraries is a brand-new topic that has drawn much attention in academia recently. The crowd safety management in libraries is of great significance, and there is little professional literature on it. This paper proposes an IoT-based intelligent evacuation protocol, aiming at improving the safety management in libraries at emergency situations.
Acceptance of remanufactured products in the circular economy: an empirical study in India
Authors: Singhal Deepak , Tripathy Sushant , Jena Sarat Kumar 
Published: January 2019

PurposeAcceptance of remanufactured products by the consumers is highly essential for the success of closed loop supply chain and for achieving the goal of circular economy. However, the literature shows that consumers are reluctant to purchase remanufactured products. Therefore, the study of attitude and purchase intention (PI) of the consumers toward remanufactured products becomes inevitable for popularizing these products. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis research proposes a conceptual model to examine the critical factors influencing the PI of Indian consumers toward remanufactured products. Further, this model is empirically tested, using structural equation modeling technique, based on the data obtained from 1,534 respondents.FindingsThe findings of this research suggest that PI of consumers is influenced by attitude, personal benefits, remanufactured product knowledge, risk perception, subjective norm and market strategy. However, perceived behavior control and green awareness have a non-significant impact on the PI of Indian consumers.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed conceptual model is tested only against the data received from the students of Indian universities who possess electronic gadgets.Practical implicationsThe circular economy can be realized through remanufacturing if the attitude of consumers is shaped positively toward remanufactured products through the dissemination of comprehensive product information.Originality/valueThis research is the first attempt to assess the PI of Indian consumers by developing and testing the conceptual model. Further, this research provides guidelines to remanufacturing firms for attracting the consumers toward the purchase of remanufactured products.
Access to Federally Qualified Health Centers and Emergency Department Use Among Uninsured and Medicaid‐insured Adults: California, 2005 to 2013
Authors: Nath Julia B. , Costigan Shaughnessy , Lin Feng , Vittinghoff Eric , Hsia Renee Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile improved access to safety net primary care providers, like federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), is often cited as a route to alleviate potentially preventable emergency department (ED) visits, no studies have longitudinally established the impact of improving access to FQHCs on ED use among Medicaid‐insured and uninsured adults. We aimed to determine whether improved access to FQHCs was associated with lower ED use by uninsured and Medicaid‐insured adults.MethodsUsing data from the Uniform Data System, U.S. Census Bureau, and California Office of Statewide Health Planning & Development, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of 58 California counties from 2005 to 2013. For each county‐year observation, we employed three measures of FQHC access: geographic density of FQHCs (delivery sites per 100 square miles), FQHCs per county resident (delivery sites per 100,000 county residents), and the proportion of Medicaid‐insured or uninsured residents ages 19 to 64 years that utilized FQHCs. We then used a fixed‐effects model to examine the impact of changes in the measures of FQHC access on ED visit rates by Medicaid‐insured or uninsured adults in each county.ResultsIncreasing geographic density of FQHCs was associated with a 26% to 35% decrease in ED use by uninsured but not Medicaid‐insured patients. Increasing numbers of clinics per county resident and higher percentages of Medicaid‐insured and uninsured adults seen at FQHCs were not associated with reduced rates of ED use among either uninsured or Medicaid‐insured adults.ConclusionsWe were unable to detect a consistent association between our measures of FQHC access and ED use by Medicaid‐insured and uninsured nonelderly California adults, underscoring the importance of investigating additional drivers to reduce ED use among these vulnerable patient populations.
Investigating brain d‐serine: Advocacy for good practices
Authors: Mothet Jean‐Pierre , Billard Jean‐Marie , Pollegioni Loredano , Coyle Joseph T. , Sweedler Jonathan V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe last two decades have witnessed remarkable advance in our understanding the role of d‐amino acids in the mammalian nervous system: from the unknown, to known molecules with unknown functions, to potential central players in health and disease. d‐Amino acids have emerged as an important class of signaling molecules. In particular, the exploration of the roles of d‐serine in brain physiopathology is a vibrant field that is growing at an accelerating pace. However, disentangling the functions of a chiral molecule in a complex chemical matrice as the brain requires specific measurement and detection methods but is also a challenging task as many molecular tools and models investigators are using can lead to confounded observations. Thus, study of d‐amino acids demands accurate methodologies and specific controls, and these have often been lacking. Here we outline best practices for d‐amino acid research, with a special emphasis on d‐serine. We hope these concepts help move the field to greater rigor and reproducibility, allowing the field to advance.
Developmental Timescale of Rapid Adaptation to Conflicting Cues in Real‐Time Sentence Processing
Authors: Yazbec Angele , Kaschak Michael P. , Borovsky Arielle 
Published: January 2019

AbstractChildren and adults use established global knowledge to generate real‐time linguistic predictions, but less is known about how listeners generate predictions in circumstances that semantically conflict with long‐standing event knowledge. We explore these issues in adults and 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children using an eye‐tracked sentence comprehension task that tests real‐time activation of unexpected events that had been previously encountered in brief stories. Adults generated predictions for these previously unexpected events based on these discourse cues alone, whereas children overall did not override their established global knowledge to generate expectations for semantically conflicting material; however, they do show an increased ability to integrate discourse cues to generate appropriate predictions for sentential endings. These results indicate that the ability to rapidly integrate and deploy semantically conflicting knowledge has a long developmental trajectory, with adult‐like patterns not emerging until later in childhood.
The Space–Time Congruency Effect: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: von Sobbe Linda , Scheifele Edith , Maienborn Claudia , Ulrich Rolf 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSeveral reaction time (RT) studies report faster responses when responses to temporal information are arranged in a spatially congruent manner than when this arrangement is incongruent. The resulting space–time congruency effect is commonly attributed to a culturally salient localization of temporal information along a mental timeline (e.g., a mental timeline that runs from left to right). The present study aims to provide a compilation of the published RT studies on this time–space association in order to estimate the size of its effect and the extent of potential publication bias in this field of research. In this meta‐analysis, three types of task are distinguished due to hitherto existing empirical findings. These findings suggest that the extent to which time is made relevant to the experimental task has a systematic impact on whether or not the mental timeline is activated. The results of this meta‐analysis corroborate these considerations: First, experiments that make time a task‐relevant dimension have a mean effect size of d = 0.46. Second, in experiments in which time is task irrelevant, the effect size does not significantly deviate from zero. Third, temporal priming studies have a surprisingly high mean effect size of d = 0.47, which, however, should be adjusted to d = 0.36 due to publication bias.
Abnormal longitudinal peak systolic strain in asymptomatic patients with type I diabetes mellitus
Authors: Van Berendoncks An M. , Van Gaal Luc , De Block Christophe , Buys Davy , Salgado Rodrigo , Vrints Christiaan , Shivalkar Bharati 
Published: January 2019

AimsIn addition to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, the prevalence of diabetic cardiomyopathy is increasingly recognized in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We aimed to identify the occurrence of subclinical markers of cardiovascular risk and cardiac dysfunction and assess their relation to clinical parameters in asymptomatic patients with T1DM.Methods and resultsA total of 102 patients (mean age 46 years [20–73], 62% male) with a history of T1DM ranging from 5 to 47 years underwent standard 2D and pulse‐wave tissue Doppler echocardiography (Philips iE33) and computerized tomography for assessment of coronary calcium score (CACS) and visceral fat. Global peak longitudinal strain (GPLSS, speckle tracking) was calculated by offline analysis (Qlab 9.0). Whereas systolic function was preserved in all patients (LVEF > 50%), subclinical dysfunction (defined as global longitudinal peak systolic strain [GLPSS] of >−20%) was present in 39% and 66% had diastolic dysfunction. Fifty patients had a CACS above the 50th percentile according to age and gender. These patients were older, more obese, had higher levels of visceral fat, higher SBP and increased levels of LDL cholesterol. Higher CACS meant increased risk of diastolic and subclinical systolic dysfunction. However, decreased GLPSS was also detected in 30% of patients with CACS of <50th percentile. Stepwise linear regression analysis indicated visceral fat as a strong predictor of abnormal GPLSS and CACS.ConclusionSubclinical left ventricular dysfunction and atherosclerosis were highly prevalent in asymptomatic T1DM. Abnormal GPLSS was noted with or without associated increase in CACS. Visceral fat was a strong predictor of increased CACS as well as abnormal GLPSS.
Maternal body mass index, excess gestational weight gain, and diabetes are positively associated with neonatal adiposity in the Pregnancy and Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia (PANDORA) study
Authors: Longmore Danielle K. , Barr Elizabeth L.M. , Lee I‐Lynn , Barzi Federica , Kirkwood Marie , Whitbread Cherie , Hampton Vanya , Graham Sian , Van Dokkum Paula , Connors Christine , Boyle Jacqueline A. , Catalano Patrick , Brown Alex D.H. , O'Dea Kerin , Oats Jeremy , McIntyre H. David , Shaw Jonathan E. , Maple‐Brown Louise J. ,   on behalf of the PANDORA study research team
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundIn‐utero exposures likely influence the onset and severity of obesity in youth. With increasing rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and maternal adiposity in pregnancy globally, it is important to assess the impact of these factors on neonatal adipose measures.ObjectivesTo evaluate the contribution of maternal ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain, and hyperglycaemia to neonatal adiposity.MethodsPregnancy and Neonatal Diabetes Outcomes in Remote Australia (PANDORA) is a longitudinal cohort study of Australian mother and neonate pairs. In this analysis, Indigenous (n = 519) and Europid (n = 358) women were included, of whom 644 had hyperglycaemia (type 2 diabetes [T2DM], diabetes in pregnancy [DIP], or gestational diabetes [GDM]). Associations between maternal ethnicity, hyperglycaemia, BMI and gestational weight gain, and the neonatal outcomes of length, head circumference, sum of skinfolds, total body fat, and percentage body fat were examined. Models were adjusted for maternal age, smoking status, parity, education, neonatal gender, and gestational age.ResultsAmong those with hyperglycaemia in pregnancy, Indigenous women had a higher proportion of T2DM and DIP (36%, 13%) compared with Europid women (4%, 3%). In multivariate analysis, maternal T2DM (compared with no hyperglycaemia), BMI during pregnancy, and excess compared with appropriate gestational weight gain, were significantly associated with greater neonatal measures. DIP was associated with greater sum of skinfolds, total body fat, and percentage body fat. Indigenous ethnicity was associated with greater sum of skinfolds.ConclusionsMaternal BMI, excess gestational weight gain, and hyperglycaemia operated as independent factors influencing neonatal adiposity. Interventions addressing these factors are needed to reduce neonatal adiposity.