bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting positive sexual health for persons with developmental disabilities: Stories about the right to love
Authors: Sitter Kathleen C. , Burke Amy C. , Ladhani Sheliza , Mallay Nicole 
Published: August 2019

Accessible Summary

This research is about the sexual rights of persons with developmental disabilities.

For 12 months, nine adults with developmental disabilities and three allies created videos about love and intimacy.

The group found that family members, caregivers and support workers can make it hard for people with developmental disabilities to learn about and experience healthy relationships.

This research is important because it promotes the experiences and perspectives of persons with developmental disabilities, which can hopefully lead to positive changes in attitudes and service delivery that support positive sexual health.

AbstractBackgroundAlthough sexual rights are human rights, persons with developmental disabilities are often excluded from developing positive sexual health due to societal attitudes, stigma, a lack of education and limited opportunities.MethodsAs a part of a 12‐month participatory action research study in a western Canadian province, nine adults with developmental disabilities and three allies created videos that explored the dimensions of sexual health as experienced by people with developmental disabilities. Participants were involved in all stages of the filming process. The filming topics identified by the participants emerged as the core research themes.ResultsPersons with developmental disabilities often have limited opportunities to develop and nurture intimate relationships. Participants also identified that: (a) a lack of support from caregivers, (b) a lack of education about sexual health, (c) ableist spaces and (d) the absence of agency policies that acknowledge and protect sexual rights create further obstacles.ConclusionsInclusive practices where the sexual rights of persons with developmental disabilities are respected and celebrated are critical in promoting positive sexual health. For many agencies, this requires reframing policies and programmes that include acknowledging and protecting the sexual rights of persons with developmental disabilities. While providing accessible pedagogical opportunities about sexual health was identified as important, ensuring curriculum delivery for support workers, as well as educating families and caregivers about the importance of sexual health and inclusion, is paramount, where the views and opinions of persons with developmental disabilities are at the forefront of the process.
Memory and standing balance after multisensory stimulation in a Snoezelen room in people with moderate learning disabilities
Authors: Toro Brigitte 
Published: August 2019

Accessible Summary

Multisensory stimulation improves attention, which can also improve memory and standing balance of people with learning disabilities, even at a high age.

Improved standing balance and body awareness may help reduce falls in people with moderate learning disabilities.

Therapeutic treatments could be more effective if preceded by multisensory stimulation.

AbstractBackgroundThe Snoezelen room provides a multisensory environment for people with learning disabilities.MethodThirty‐five residents were recruited from a convenience sample of people living in a residential centre. A repeated‐measures, within‐subject design was used to evaluate the participants during three conditions: a) Snoezelen room, b) control period and c) watching television. The outcome measures were digit span memory tests and Romberg balance tests. One‐way repeated‐measures ANOVAs and paired‐samples t tests were performed on the data.ResultsANOVA results show that there was a significant effect over time in the amount of digits remembered and in balancing ability between the three conditions (p < .0005). T tests confirmed that the Snoezelen condition was responsible for the significant improvements in memory and balancing ability.ConclusionParticipants performed significantly better with memory tasks and balancing skills after having attended multisensory stimulation in a Snoezelen room. This may be due to improved mindfulness, which is correlated with improvements of concentration, learning ability and motor skills caused by neurophysiologic changes of the brain.
Holocene sedimentary and environmental development of Aarhus Bay, Denmark – a multi‐proxy study
Authors: Rasmussen Peter , Pantopoulos George , Jensen Jørn B. , Olsen Jesper , Røy Hans , Bennike Ole 
Published: August 2019

Holocene sedimentation patterns and environmental development in Aarhus Bay, Denmark, were reconstructed based on proxy analyses of two sediment cores (M1 and M5). Together, the two cores offer an opportunity to examine the history of the area during the past c. 10 000 years. The investigation consisted of acoustic mapping and multi‐proxy analyses of the sediment cores including macrofossils, sediment physical properties, sediment accumulation rates, grain size, and X‐ray fluorescence elemental counts. Radiocarbon dating of the two sediment successions revealed that they cover the periods c. 10 000–3700 cal. a BP (M1) and c. 4400 cal. a BP to the present (M5). The data from the M1 site indicate the presence of a near‐shore lake environment between c. 10 000 and 9000 cal. a BP. The first intrusion of marine water into the area is dated to c. 9000 cal. a BP. In the following c. 1300 years, brackish‐water conditions prevailed in the area characterized by a mixture of taxa from marine, limnic and terrestrial habitats, reflecting a shallow estuarine environment. Around 7700 cal. a BP full marine conditions were established, accompanied by a marked increase in sedimentation rates. The changes to full marine conditions and higher sedimentation rates are probably due to a significant sea‐level rise leading to flooding of former land areas and intensified erosion. A subsequent distinct decrease in sedimentation rates around 6350 cal. a BP is presumably linked to a previously documented sea‐level drop about this time. Continuous sedimentation ceased around 3700 cal. a BP in the central part of the bay, most probably due to a major sea‐level lowering involving widespread erosion. In the eastern and deeper part of the bay, sedimentation continued until today. Fully marine conditions prevailed there for at least the last 4400 years.
Mind the gap (junction): cGMP induced by nitric oxide in cardiac myocytes originates from cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Menges Lukas , Krawutschke Christian , Füchtbauer Ernst‐Martin , Füchtbauer Annette , Sandner Peter , Koesling Doris , Russwurm Michael 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeThe intracellular signalling molecule cGMP, formed by NO‐sensitive GC (NO–GC), has an established function in the vascular system. Despite numerous reports about NO‐induced cGMP effects in the heart, the underlying cGMP signals are poorly characterized.Experimental ApproachTherefore, we analysed cGMP signals in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts isolated from knock‐in mice expressing a FRET‐based cGMP indicator.Key ResultsWhereas in cardiac myocytes, none of the known NO–GC‐activating substances (NO, GC activators, and GC stimulators) increased cGMP even in the presence of PDE inhibitors, they induced substantial cGMP increases in cardiac fibroblasts. As cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts are electrically connected via gap junctions, we asked whether cGMP can take the same route. Indeed, in cardiomyocytes co‐cultured on cardiac fibroblasts, NO‐induced cGMP signals were detectable, and two groups of unrelated gap junction inhibitors abolished these signals.Conclusion and ImplicationWe conclude that NO‐induced cGMP formed in cardiac fibroblasts enters cardiac myocytes via gap junctions thereby turning cGMP into an intercellular signalling molecule. The findings shed new light on NO/cGMP signalling in the heart and will potentially broaden therapeutic opportunities for cardiac disease.
Trichostatin A blocks aldosterone‐induced Na+ transport and control of serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 in cortical collecting duct cells
Authors: Mansley Morag K. , Roe Andrew J. , Francis Sarah L. , Gill Jason H. , Bailey Matthew A. , Wilson Stuart M. 
Published: August 2019

Background and PurposeAldosterone stimulates epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC)‐dependent Na+ retention in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) of the kidney by activating mineralocorticoid receptors that promote expression of serum and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). This response is critical to BP homeostasis. It has previously been suggested that inhibiting lysine deacetylases (KDACs) can post‐transcriptionally disrupt this response by promoting acetylation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. The present study critically evaluates this hypothesis.Experimental ApproachElectrometric and molecular methods were used to define the effects of a pan‐KDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A, on the responses to a physiologically relevant concentration of aldosterone (3 nM) in murine mCCDcl1 cells.Key ResultsAldosterone augmented ENaC‐induced Na+ absorption and increased SGK1 activity and abundance, as expected. In the presence of trichostatin A, these responses were suppressed. Trichostatin A‐induced inhibition of KDAC was confirmed by increased acetylation of histone H3, H4, and α‐tubulin. Trichostatin A did not block the electrometric response to insulin, a hormone that activates SGK1 independently of increased transcription, indicating that trichostatin A has no direct effect upon the SGK1/ENaC pathway.Conclusions and ImplicationsInhibition of lysine de‐acetylation suppresses aldosterone‐dependent control over the SGK1–ENaC pathway but does not perturb post‐transcriptional signalling, providing a physiological basis for the anti‐hypertensive action of KDAC inhibition seen in vivo.
Corticosterone induces neurotoxicity in PC12 cells via disrupting autophagy flux mediated by AMPK/mTOR signaling
Authors: Ma Run‐Dong , Zhou Gui‐Juan , Qu Miao , Yi Ji‐Hong , Tang Ya‐Ling , Yang Xiang‐Yi , Nie Ya‐Xiong , Gu Hong‐Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsOur previous study indicated that chronic stress caused autophagy impairment and subsequent neuron apoptosis in hippocampus. However, the mechanism underlying the stress‐induced damage to neurons is unclear. In present work, we investigated whether stress‐level glucocorticoids (GCs) GCs promoted PC12 cell damage via AMPK/mTOR signaling‐mediated autophagy.MethodsChronic stress‐induced PC12 cell injury model was built by treatment with high level corticosterone (CORT). Cell injury was evaluated by flow cytometry assay and transmission electron microscopy observation.ResultsAutophagy flux was measured based on the changes in LC3‐II and P62 protein expressions, and the color alteration of mCherry‐GFP‐LC3‐II transfection. Our results showed that CORT not only increased cell injury and apoptosis, but also dysregulated AMPK/mTOR signaling‐mediated autophagy flux, as indicated by the upregulated expression of LC3‐II and P62 proteins, and the lowered ration of autolysosomes to autophagosomes. Mechanistically, our results demonstrated that autophagy activation by AMPK activator metformin or mTOR inhibitor rapamycin obviously promotes cell survival and autophagy flux, improved mitochondrial ultrastructure, and reduced expression of Cyt‐C and caspase‐3 in CORT‐induced PC12 cells.ConclusionThese results indicate that high CORT triggers PC12 cell damage through disrupting AMPK/mTOR‐mediated autophagy flux. Targeting this signaling may be a promising approach to protect against high CORT and chronic stress‐induced neuronal impairment.
Sticking to the Evidence? A Behavioral and Computational Case Study of Micro‐Theory Change in the Domain of Magnetism
Authors: Bonawitz Elizabeth , Ullman Tomer D. , Bridgers Sophie , Gopnik Alison , Tenenbaum Joshua B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConstructing an intuitive theory from data confronts learners with a “chicken‐and‐egg” problem: The laws can only be expressed in terms of the theory's core concepts, but these concepts are only meaningful in terms of the role they play in the theory's laws; how can a learner discover appropriate concepts and laws simultaneously, knowing neither to begin with? We explore how children can solve this chicken‐and‐egg problem in the domain of magnetism, drawing on perspectives from computational modeling and behavioral experiments. We present 4‐ and 5‐year‐olds with two different simplified magnet‐learning tasks. Children appropriately constrain their beliefs to two hypotheses following ambiguous but informative evidence. Following a critical intervention, they learn the correct theory. In the second study, children infer the correct number of categories given no information about the possible causal laws. Children's hypotheses in these tasks are explained as rational inferences within a Bayesian computational framework.
From endangered to sustainable: Multi‐faceted management in rivers and coasts improves Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations in Denmark
Authors: Koed Anders , Birnie‐Gauvin Kim , Sivebæk Finn , Aarestrup Kim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe status of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., over the last decades has been of concern across its entire distribution area. Its anadromous nature exposes the species to human pressures in both freshwater and marine environments, and over long periods, thus exacerbating its decline. Given its value within the food industry, the recreational angling community as well as culturally, the status of Atlantic salmon is regarded as a matter of national and international conservation interest, providing great incentive for its management. The literature currently lacks specific examples of successful and unsuccessful management strategies and practices for Atlantic salmon populations at a broader scale. To address this, the present article describes how the multi‐faceted management approach taken for Danish Atlantic salmon, which included changes in legislation, stocking practices, habitat restoration, population genetics and barrier removals, successfully rehabilitated salmon populations in four major Danish rivers. Specific recommendations are provided for the successful management of Atlantic salmon elsewhere.
Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy in those with newly diagnosed HIV infection in London, UK
Authors: Whitlock G , Carbonell M , Blackwell S , Nwokolo N ,   the Dean Street Collaborative Group
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesIn July 2016, as a result of patient demand, we introduced a rapid initiation option (RIO) to offer a first medical appointment and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation within 2 days of HIV diagnosis at 56 Dean Street (56DS) , a combined sexual health and HIV treatment service in London, UK.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case‐note review of patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection at 56DS following the introduction of the new RIO from July to October 2016. In order to assess the effect of the new service on ART uptake, we chose a comparison group of newly diagnosed patients at 56DS from 1 year earlier: July to October 2015.ResultsIn the 4 months following RIO introduction, there was a reduction in the median time from HIV diagnosis to the first medical appointment (7 versus 15 days; P < 0.00001) and to ART initiation (8 versus 21 days; P < 0.00001) compared with the same 4‐month period 1 year previously. Uptake of ART at first appointment also significantly increased from 60% to 76% (P = 0.0074).ConclusionsBy increasing our clinic capacity and awareness of staff and patients of the RIO service, we were able to fulfil the aim of the service to offer ART more quickly following HIV diagnosis.
Circulating CD40 ligand, Dickkopf‐1 and P‐selectin in HIV‐infected patients
Authors: Falasca K , Reale M , Di Nicola M , Ucciferri C , Zecca IA , Santilli F , Pontolillo M , Liani R , D'Angelo C , Costantini E , Vecchiet J 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the circulating levels of CD40 ligand (CD40 L), Dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1) and P‐selectin, their relationships and their contributions to cardiovascular risk in subjects with HIV infection.MethodsThe study population included 80 HIV‐infected patients, 14 (17.5%) of whom had diabetes mellitus (DM) and 32 (40.0%) of whom had arterial hypertension (AH). The HIV‐infected patients were compared with a control group with similar demographic and clinical features. CD40L, DKK‐1 and P‐selectin levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe HIV‐infected patients showed higher levels of all the cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers. Both serum CD40L and DKK‐1 were significantly higher in HIV‐infected patients than in the HIV‐negative controls (P < 0.001), while soluble P‐selectin showed no significant between‐group difference (P = 0.133), reflecting the role of HIV infection in CVD. In the HIV‐infected group, patients with DM showed lower levels of CD40L and DKK‐1 in comparison with the nondiabetic patients and patients with AH (P < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction). In contrast, patients with AH showed higher levels of CD40L and DKK‐1 in comparison to patients without DM or AH (P < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction). Patients with AH showed higher levels of CD40L and DKK‐1 than patients with DM (P < 0.05, with Bonferroni correction).ConclusionsIn this study, we found that HIV‐infected patients displayed significantly higher circulating levels of both CD40L and DKK‐1, which were linearly and directly correlated, when compared to HIV‐negative patients. The presence of diabetes was associated with lower levels of both CD40L and DKK‐1, whereas the presence of hypertension was associated with higher levels of CD40L.
Recycling of coal ash for production of dense β‐Sialon/ZrN/ZrON‐based ceramics without sintering aids via pressureless sintering
Authors: Ma Beiyue , Gao Zhi , Su Chang , Ren Xinming , Li Guangqiang , Zhu Qiang 
Published: August 2019

Abstractβ‐Sialon(z = 2, Si4Al2O2N6)/ZrN composite powders have been synthesized from coal ash, zircon, and active carbon at 1550°C for 6 hours, and β‐Sialon(z = 2)/ZrN/ZrON‐based composite ceramics (SZZCCS) have been prepared from as‐synthesized β‐Sialon/ZrN composite powders via pressureless sintering process. The effects of sintering temperatures (1450, 1500, 1550°C) on the phase compositions, microstructures, linear shrinkage ratio, bulk density, and oxidation characteristics of the SZZCCS were investigated in detail, and the oxidation process was also analyzed. It was found that the dense SZZCCS could be prepared at 1550°C for 1 hour, and they mainly consisted of β‐Sialon(z = 2), ZrN, and ZrON. The ZrN and ZrON particles were uniformly distributed on the β‐Sialon matrix. The sintering properties of the SZZCCS were greatly improved with increasing the sintering temperature. The SZZCCS sintered at 1550°C for 1 hour possessed excellent oxidation resistance at 900°C for 6 hours due to their dense microstructures.
Use of culled goat meat in frankfurter production – effect on sensory quality and technological properties
Authors: Stajić Slaviša , Pisinov Boris , Tomasevic Igor , Djekic Ilija , Čolović Dušica , Ivanović Snežana , Živković Dušan 
Published: August 2019

SummaryFour different levels (25–100%) of culled goat meat were used in frankfurter formulation (frankfurters G25, G50, G75 and G100) instead of beef (CON). Technological properties, fatty acid profile and sensory properties were examined during the 6‐week cold storage. The formulation had significant impact of fatty acids profile – n‐6/n‐3 ratios progressively decrease from 14.63 in CON to 6.63 in G100. Higher goat meat content led to progressively higher lightness and lower redness in frankfurters. This was also observed by consumers but not negatively perceived. Check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) analysis shows that more than 80% of consumers marked pleasant colour as present in goat frankfurters and CON. The similar was observed for pleasant appearance, pleasant odour, tasty, soft and juicy. Moreover, atypical taste and odour were mostly not marked as present (73.8% and 62.5%, respectively). The panellists pointed at G50 as the most preferred, while consumers most frequently marked G75.
How I investigate bone marrow necrosis
Authors: Deucher Anne , Wool Geoffrey D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHematopathologists encounter bone marrow biopsy specimens with marrow necrosis relatively infrequently; when necrosis is seen, determining the clinical significance can be challenging. While bone marrow necrosis is not uncommon in site‐directed biopsy specimens or autopsy material, substantial necrosis is much less common in nondirected bone marrow biopsy specimens. Retrospective review showed the prevalence of bone marrow necrosis to vary between 0.3% and 2% antemortem, depending on the patient population. Numerous causes of bone marrow necrosis have been identified, including malignancy, radiation/chemotherapy, medication, infection, autoimmune disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation, antiphospholipid syndrome and other thrombotic disorders, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) exposure, and hemoglobinopathies. Clinical findings associated with bone marrow necrosis include bone pain and fever, cytopenias, elevated LDH and ferritin, and leukoerythroblastosis. Rarely, such as in fat embolization syndrome (FES), bone marrow necrosis can be associated with thrombotic microangiopathy, neurologic dysfunction, and multiorgan failure. A thorough review of the patient's clinical record (including medical history, clinical presentation, and other laboratory findings), a thorough morphologic review of the bone marrow with appropriate ancillary stains, and an appreciation of the causes of bone marrow necrosis in different patient populations are required to determine the underlying cause of bone marrow necrosis. The purpose of this review is to present a strategy for evaluation of bone marrow necrosis found in an antemortem biopsy specimen.
Nurses’ perceptions of high‐alert medication administration safety: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Sessions Laura C. , Nemeth Lynne S. , Catchpole Kenneth , Kelechi Teresa J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine nurses’ perceptions of supports and barriers to high‐alert medication (HAM) administration safety.DesignA qualitative descriptive design was used.MethodsEighteen acute care nurses were interviewed about HAM administration practices. Registered nurses (RNs) working with acutely ill adults in two hospitals participated in one‐on‐one interviews from July–September, 2017. Content analysis was conducted for data analysis.ResultsThree themes contributed to HAM administration safety: Organizational Culture of Safety, Collaboration, and RN Competence and Engagement. Error factors included distractions, workload and acuity. Work arounds bypassing bar code scanning and independent double check procedures were common. Findings highlighted the importance of intra‐ and interprofessional collaboration, nurse engagement and incorporating the patient in HAM safety.ConclusionsCurrent HAM safety strategies are not consistently used. An organizational culture that supports collaboration, education on safe HAM practices, pragmatic HAM policies and enhanced technology are recommended to prevent HAM errors.ImpactHospitals incorporating these findings could reduce HAM errors. Research on nurse engagement, intra‐ and interprofessional collaboration and inclusion of patients in HAM safety strategies is needed.