bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse pregnancy outcomes, familial predisposition, and cardiovascular risk: a Swedish nationwide study
Authors: Mantel Ängla , Wollmann Charlotte Lindblad , Faxén Jonas , Sandström Anna , Mühlrad Hanna , Stephansson Olof 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are recognized as significant female-specific risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). A potential shared familial susceptibility between APOs and CVD has been proposed, but not thoroughly explored. This study employs a quasi-experimental family comparison design to investigate shared familial predisposition between APOs and CVD, by assessing risk of CVD in APO-exposed women and their APO-free sisters.

Methods
Nationwide population-based cohort study encompassing primiparous women, without prior CVD, with registered singleton births in the Swedish Medical Birth Register between 1992 and 2019, grouped into: women with ≥1 APO (165 628), APO-free sisters (60 769), and unrelated APO-free comparator women (992 108). All study participants were followed longitudinally, through linkage with national health registers, from delivery until 2021, for primary endpoint major adverse cardiac events, and its individual components: ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, and cerebrovascular events.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 14 years, APO-exposed women exhibited increased rates of CVDs compared with APO-free comparators. Adverse pregnancy outcome–free sisters exhibited elevated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of major adverse cardiac event {aHR 1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.71]}, heart failure [aHR 1.65 (95% CI 1.14–2.39)], and cerebrovascular events [aHR 1.37 (1.04–1.72)] compared with the APO-free comparators, while no significant increase in ischaemic heart disease was observed. Within-family analysis revealed lower CVD rates in APO-free sisters compared with their APO-exposed counterparts, except for no significant difference in cerebrovascular events.

Conclusions
Sisters of women with APOs face a moderately increased risk of CVD, suggesting a genetic and/or environmental influence on the association between APOs and CVDs. These findings underscore the need for evaluating the effectiveness of targeted preventive measures in women with APOs and their sisters.
Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 for Older Persons: 10 years risk validation, clinical utility, and potential improvement
Authors: Belahnech Yassin , Ródenas-Alesina Eduard , Muñoz Miguel Ángel , Verdu-Rotellar Jose María , Sao-Avilés Augusto , Urio-Garmendia Garazi , Osorio Dimelza , Salas Karla , Pantoja Efrain , Ribera Aida , Ferreira-González Ignacio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
European Systematic Coronary Risk Assessment 2 for Older Persons (SCORE2-OP) model has shown modest performance when externally validated in selected cohorts. We aim to investigate its predictive performance and clinical utility for 10-year cardiovascular (CV) risk in an unbiased and representative cohort of older people of a low CV risk country. Furthermore, we explore whether other clinical or echocardiographic features could improve its performance.

Methods and results
A cohort of randomly selected individuals ≥65 years from a primary care population of Barcelona without established CV disease included 791 patients (63.1% female, median age 76 years, median follow-up 11.8 years). The model’s performance yielded a Harrell’s C-statistic of 0.706 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.659–0.753) for the primary endpoint (myocardial infarction, stroke, and CV mortality) and 0.692 (95% CI 0.649–0.734) for the secondary endpoint (primary endpoint plus heart failure hospitalization), with better discrimination in females. SCORE2-OP underestimated the risk of primary endpoint in women [expected/observed (E/O) = 0.77], slightly overestimated in men (E/O = 1.06), and systematically underestimated the risk of the secondary endpoint (E/O = 0.52). Decision curve analysis showed net clinical benefit across a 7.5–30% risk range for primary endpoint. Valvular calcification was the only variable that significantly improved 10-year SCORE2-OP risk performance for both primary and secondary endpoints, with a change in Harrell’s C of 0.028 (P = 0.017).

Conclusion
In a low CV risk country, SCORE2-OP showed notable discrimination and excellent calibration to predict 10-year CV risk, with better performance in females. Incorporating valvular calcification in a future revised score may enhance accuracy and reduce unnecessary treatments.
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, hypertriglyceridaemia, and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Gurevitz Chen , Rosenson Robert S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions ranging from simple steatosis to the more severe metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis. Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease is strongly linked to insulin resistance disorders, with a high prevalence among patients with type 2 diabetes. Long-term complications include liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and cardiovascular disease. This article elucidates the complex interplay between hypertriglyceridaemia, obesity, insulin resistance, and MASLD and provides an exploration of various aetiologies, including genetic predispositions and secondary factors such as diabetes, medication use, and alcohol consumption. While MASLD treatment remains an unmet need, multiple pharmacological therapies are targeting hypertriglyceridaemia and MASLD, including statins, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor agonists, biguanides, incretins, and emerging therapies including angiopoietin-like 3 and apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors, fibroblast growth factor 21 analogues, and thyroid hormone receptor agonists. By examining these interconnected facets, this review offers insights into potential therapeutic strategies for MASLD and associated comorbidities.
Air pollution, genetic susceptibility, and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Cheng Yun-Jiu , Zhu Chen , Deng Hai , Wu Yang , Wei Hui-Qiang , Lin Wei-Dong , Kaisaier Wulamiding , Li Runkai , Chen Yili , Dong Yugang , Fang Xian-Hong , Liao Yi-Jian , Wu Shu-Lin , Liao Hong-Tao , Xue Yu-Mei , Wu Zexuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). However, the extent to which genetic susceptibility modifies the effects of air pollutants on the risk of VAs remains poorly understood.

Methods and results
This study included 491 305 participants without VAs at baseline from UK Biobank. Exposure to ambient air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOX), was estimated through land use regression modelling. The associations between air pollutants and the incidence of VAs were then investigated using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for covariates. Additionally, we established a polygenic risk score for VAs and assessed the joint effect of genetic susceptibility and air pollution on incident VAs. During a median follow-up of 14.3 years, 4333 participants were diagnosed with VAs. Increased long-term exposure to PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx was significantly associated with higher risks of VAs, with hazard ratios (HRs) per quintile increase of 1.07 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.03–1.11), 1.07 (1.03–1.11), 1.10 (1.06–1.14), and 1.08 (1.05–1.12) for each pollutant, respectively. Notably, there were significant additive interactions between air pollutants and genetic risk. Participants with both high genetic risk and high exposure to air pollution exhibited the greatest risk of VAs, with the highest HRs observed for PM2.5 (HR, 4.51; 95% CI, 3.66–5.56), PM10 (HR, 4.28; 95% CI, 3.52–5.22), NO2 (HR, 4.90; 95% CI, 3.97–6.03), and NOx (HR, 4.56; 95% CI, 3.72–5.60), respectively.

Conclusion
Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of VAs, especially in individuals with a high genetic risk.
Increased Anion Exchanger-1 (Band 3) on the Red Blood Cell Membrane Accelerates Scavenging of Nitric Oxide Metabolites and Predisposes Hypertension Risks
Authors: Chen Li-Yang , Chen Pin-Lung , Jiang Si-Tse , Lee Hui-Lin , Liu Yen-Yu , Chueh Alysa , Lin Jing-Heng , Chen Caleb G , Hung Chung-Lieh , Hsu Kate 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The erythrocyte membrane is highly specialized with ∼1 million anion exchanger-1 (AE1) per cell for rapid membrane permeation of HCO3−(aq), as most blood CO2(g) is carried in this hydrated anionic form. People with the GP.Mur blood type have more AE1 on their erythrocyte membrane, and they excrete CO2(g) more efficiently. Unexpectedly, GP.Mur/increased AE1 is also associated with higher blood pressure (BP). To solve this, we knocked the human GYP.Mur gene into C57BL/6J mice at 3′-UTR of GYPA to generate GPMur knock-in (KI) mice. KI of human GYP.Mur increased murine AE1 expression on the red blood cells (RBC). GPMur KI mice were naturally hypertensive, with normal kidney functions and lipid profiles. Blood NO3− [the stable nitric oxide (NO) reservoir] was significantly lower in the GPMur mice. GPMur KI also accelerated AE1-mediated NO2− influx into the RBCs and intraerythrocytic NO2−/NO processing. From tests with different categories of antihypertensives, hypertension in GPMur mice responded best to direct arterial vasodilator hydralazine, suggesting that vasodilator deficiency is the leading cause of “GPMur/AE1-triggered hypertension.” In conclusion, we showed that GPMur/increased AE1 predisposed hypertension risks. Mechanistically, higher AE1 expression increased RBC membrane permeability for NO2− and consequently accelerated erythroid NO2−/NO metabolism; this is associated with lower NO bioavailability and higher BP. As hypertension affects a quarter of the world population and GP.Mur is a common Southeast Asian (SEA) blood type, this work may serve as a primer for “GPMur (biomarker)-based” therapeutic development for hypertension.
Transcriptome and Evolutionary Analysis of Pseudotrichomonas keilini, a Free-Living Anaerobic Eukaryote
Authors: Abu-Elmakarem Hend , Taerum Stephen J , Petitjean Celine , Kotyk Michael , Kay Christopher , Čepička Ivan , Bass David , Gile Gillian H , Williams Tom A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The early evolution of eukaryotes and their adaptations to low-oxygen environments are fascinating open questions in biology. Genome-scale data from novel eukaryotes, and particularly from free-living lineages, are the key to answering these questions. The Parabasalia are a major group of anaerobic eukaryotes that form the most speciose lineage of Metamonada. The most well-studied are parasitic parabasalids, including Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus, but very little genome-scale data are available for free-living members of the group. Here, we sequenced the transcriptome of Pseudotrichomonas keilini, a free-living parabasalian. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that P. keilini possesses a metabolism and gene complement that are in many respects similar to its parasitic relative T. vaginalis and that in the time since their most recent common ancestor, it is the T. vaginalis lineage that has experienced more genomic change, likely due to the transition to a parasitic lifestyle. Features shared between P. keilini and T. vaginalis include a hydrogenosome (anaerobic mitochondrial homolog) that we predict to function much as in T. vaginalis and a complete glycolytic pathway that is likely to represent one of the primary means by which P. keilini obtains ATP. Phylogenomic analysis indicates that P. keilini branches within a clade of endobiotic parabasalids, consistent with the hypothesis that different parabasalid lineages evolved toward parasitic or free-living lifestyles from an endobiotic, anaerobic, or microaerophilic common ancestor.
Family Care Partners and Paid Caregivers: National Estimates of Role-Sharing in Home Care
Authors: Fabius Chanee D , Gallo Joseph J , Burgdorf JuliaG , Samus Quincy M , Skehan Maureen , Stockwell Ian , Wolff Jennifer L 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
We describe “role-sharing” in home care, defined as family care partners and paid caregivers assisting with the same task(s).

Research Design and Methods
We studied 440 participants in the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study receiving paid help with self-care, mobility, or medical care. We describe patterns in receiving paid help only, help from care partners only, and role-sharing. We examine whether sole reliance on paid help or role-sharing differs by Medicaid-enrollment and dementia status.

Results
Half (52.9%) of care networks involved role-sharing. Care networks involving role-sharing more often occurred among older adults with dementia (48.7% vs 25.6%, p &lt; .001) and less often for those who were Medicaid-enrolled (32.1% vs 49.4%, p &lt; .01). Those living with dementia more often experienced role-sharing in eating (odds ratio [OR] 3.9 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.20, 8.50]), bathing (OR 2.7, [95% CI 1.50, 4.96]), dressing (OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.14, 3.86]), toileting (OR 2.9 [95% CI 1.23, 6.74]), and indoor mobility (OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.42, 5.56]), and less often received help solely from paid helpers with medication administration (OR 0.24, [95% CI .12, .46]). Medicaid-enrollees more often received paid help only in dressing (OR 2.0 [95% CI 1.12, 3.74]), outdoor (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.28, 4.36]), and indoor mobility (OR 4.3 [95% CI 2.41, 7.62]), and with doctor visits (OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.29, 5.94]).

Discussion and Implications
Role-sharing is common, especially among older adults living with dementia who are not Medicaid-enrolled. Strategies supporting information sharing and collaboration in home-based care merit investigation.
Copyright and Research in Latin America: Law, Courts, and Perceptions
Authors: Valente Mariana G , Lana Alice P , Houang André P 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Research on the intersection of copyright law, research activities, and innovation in Latin America reveals significant deficiencies in the legal framework and public discourse surrounding copyright limitations and exceptions (L&Es) for research purposes. The problem is more visible with modern data assembling and analyzing techniques, such as through artificial intelligence (AI) systems. This study highlights the scarcity of explicit provisions for research-related exceptions in the region by examining copyright legislation, case law, and stakeholder perspectives in six Latin American countries. Despite indications that judicial interpretation is expanding the scope of L&Es, particularly in Brazil, awareness of legal nuances remains low among researchers and broader stakeholder communities, hindering meaningful public discourse on the need for copyright reform. Our findings underscore the imperative to enhance awareness, foster community engagement, and promote public dialogue to advocate for legal reforms that balance copyright protection and research freedoms. Moreover, the lack of robust L&Es for research in the Global South exacerbates disparities with the Global North and impedes progress in fields reliant on copyrighted materials, such as AI research.
Navigating the Reformation in Suffolk: the painters’ perspectives
Authors: Tittler Robert 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Scholarship on the impact of the English Reformation on the visual culture of the era has ignored the role of the painters who helped produce it. Yet it was the painters with their brushes no less than the preachers with their sermons who articulated the doctrinal and social developments of the era. Taking the example of Suffolk, this study examines the implications of the Reformation era for the painters’ occupation – including arms painters, glass painters, decorative painters and figurative painters – in provincial England. It supports its discussion with a biographical directory of Suffolk painters in the era c.1490–1640.
Reconstructing half a century of coregonine recruitment reveals species-specific dynamics and synchrony across the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Brown Taylor A , Rudstam Lars G , Sethi Suresh A , Ripple Paul , Smith Jason B , Treska Ted J , Hessell Christopher , Olsen Erik , He Ji X , Jonas Jory L , Rook Benjamin J , Blankenheim Joshua E , Beech Sarah J H , Brown Erin , Berglund Eric K , Cook H Andrew , Dunlop Erin S , James Stephen , Pothoven Steven A , Amidon Zachary J , Sweka John A , Carl Dray D , Hansen Scott P , Bunnell David B , Weidel Brian C , Honsey Andrew E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding how multiple species and populations vary in their recruitment dynamics can elucidate the processes driving recruitment across space and time. Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and Cisco (C. artedi) are socioecologically important fishes across their range; however, many Laurentian Great Lakes populations have experienced declining, poor, or sporadic recruitment in recent decades. We integrated catch and age data from 38 long-term surveys across each of the Great Lakes and Lake Simcoe, resulting in a combined time series spanning 1960–2019. We estimated Lake Whitefish and Cisco year-class strength (YCS) in each lake using longitudinal mixed-effects regressions of relative cohort abundance. We subsequently quantified interspecific, spatial, and temporal synchrony in YCS using correlation and dynamic factor analyses. Lake Whitefish YCS was positively spatially synchronous on average, and YCS in all six lakes was elevated during the 1980s–1990s. In contrast, Cisco YCS was sporadic, not spatially synchronous, and highly variable around long-term, lake-specific means. YCS was not synchronous between species in any lake. Collectively, our analyses demonstrate that these species exhibit differential recruitment dynamics that may be regulated by species-specific factors. Results from this study can be leveraged in future research on the causes and consequences of cross-species, cross-basin recruitment variability.
Comparing unilateral and bilateral cerebral perfusion during total arch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Ji Yumeng , Qiu Juntao , Zhang Kai , Qin Huiyuan , Song Jian , Zhou Chenyu , Gao Shiqi , Hou Bin , Cao Fangfang , Wang Ji , Yu Cuntao , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of unilateral versus bilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (u-ACP vs. b-ACP) on postoperative complications and mid-term follow-up results in Asian patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) undergoing total arch replacement (TAR) + the frozen elephant trunk (FET).

METHODS
Clinical baseline data and postoperative complications of 702 ATAAD patients undergoing TAR + FET at China Cardiovascular Centre Fuwai Hospital between January 2019 and December 2022 were collected. Patients were categorized into two groups based on ACP: unilateral (n = 402) and bilateral (n = 300). Propensity scores were matched for 217 pairs of patients. Mid-term and perioperative surgical complications were analysed, and baseline characteristics between the two groups were assessed.

RESULTS
The matched cohort revealed comparable 30-day mortality rates between u-ACP and b-ACP: 4.15% and 3.23%, respectively (P = 0.61). Rates of postoperative permanent neurologic dysfunction (PND) were similar across groups (2.76% for u-ACP and 3.23% for b-ACP, P = 0.76). However, u-ACP exhibited a higher incidence of postoperative transient neurologic deficit (TND) at 14.29% compared to 6.91% with b-ACP (P = 0.01). Logistic regression models identified u-ACP and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time as independent risk factors for TND. Mid-term survival rates were comparable between the two groups (5-year survival: 90.29% vs. 93.67%, P = 0.133).

CONCLUSIONS
Both u-ACP and b-ACP are effective brain protection techniques for ATAAD patients undergoing TAR. The use of b-ACP significantly reduces the incidence of TND.
Nearly minimax optimal Wasserstein conditional independence testing
Authors: Neykov Matey , Wasserman Larry , Kim Ilmun , Balakrishnan Sivaraman 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper is concerned with minimax conditional independence testing. In contrast to some previous works on the topic, which use the total variation distance to separate the null from the alternative, here we use the Wasserstein distance. In addition, we impose Wasserstein smoothness conditions that on bounded domains are weaker than the corresponding total variation smoothness imposed, for instance, by Neykov et al. (2021, Ann. Statist., 49, 2151–2177). This added flexibility expands the distributions that are allowed under the null and the alternative to include distributions that may contain point masses for instance. We characterize the optimal rate of the critical radius of testing up to logarithmic factors. Our test statistic that nearly achieves the optimal critical radius is novel, and can be thought of as a weighted multi-resolution version of the $U$-statistic studied by Neykov et al. (2021, Ann. Statist., 49, 2151–2177).
Differentially private low-dimensional synthetic data from high-dimensional datasets
Authors: He Yiyun , Strohmer Thomas , Vershynin Roman , Zhu Yizhe 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Differentially private synthetic data provide a powerful mechanism to enable data analysis while protecting sensitive information about individuals. However, when the data lie in a high-dimensional space, the accuracy of the synthetic data suffers from the curse of dimensionality. In this paper, we propose a differentially private algorithm to generate low-dimensional synthetic data efficiently from a high-dimensional dataset with a utility guarantee with respect to the Wasserstein distance. A key step of our algorithm is a private principal component analysis (PCA) procedure with a near-optimal accuracy bound that circumvents the curse of dimensionality. Unlike the standard perturbation analysis, our analysis of private PCA works without assuming the spectral gap for the covariance matrix.
Getting a Foot in the Door: Lessons for the UK from Australian and New Zealand Approaches to Trade Union Right of Entry
Authors: McFarlane Katherine 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
British trade unions currently have limited statutory scope to enter workplaces and access the workers therein. The importance of facilitating union access has been repeatedly recognised in Australia and New Zealand, where substantive rights of entry are enshrined in legislation. The British Labour Party has recognised the importance of allowing unions to enter workplaces and committed to introducing statutory entry rights as an election promise. This article examines whether the Australian or New Zealand legislative schemes could be used as a blueprint for drafting equivalent British legislation. A comparison of the respective regimes reveals that the Australian laws are more regulated, restrictive and complex than the New Zealand provisions. The article ultimately advocates for the New Zealand legislation to be used as a model framework if analogous rights are enacted in Britain, but acknowledges that some features of the Australian regime might be attractive to employers and stakeholders who are cautious about expanding union rights. The Australian and New Zealand provisions have been subject to frequent reform since their enactment, mirroring the attitudes of successive governments towards trade unions. Any equivalent rights introduced in Britain will likely follow a similar trajectory over time.