bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethylene‐responsive factor 4 is associated with the desirable rind hardness trait conferring cracking resistance in fresh fruits of watermelon
Authors: Liao Nanqiao , Hu Zhongyuan , Li Yingying , Hao Junfang , Chen Shuna , Xue Qin , Ma Yuyuan , Zhang Kejia , Mahmoud Ahmed , Ali Abid , Malangisha Guy Kateta , Lyu Xiaolong , Yang Jinghua , Zhang Mingfang 
Published: October 2019

SummaryFruit rind plays a pivotal role in alleviating water loss and disease and particularly in cracking resistance as well as the transportability, storability and shelf‐life quality of the fruit. High susceptibility to cracking due to low rind hardness is largely responsible for severe annual yield losses of fresh fruits such as watermelon in the field and during the postharvest process. However, the candidate gene controlling the rind hardness phenotype remains unclear to date. Herein, we report, for the first time, an ethylene‐responsive transcription factor 4 (ClERF4) associated with variation in rind hardness via a combinatory genetic map with bulk segregant analysis (BSA). Strikingly, our fine‐mapping approach revealed an InDel of 11 bp and a neighbouring SNP in the ClERF4 gene on chromosome 10, conferring cracking resistance in F2 populations with variable rind hardness. Furthermore, the concomitant kompetitive/competitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) genotyping data sets of 104 germplasm accessions strongly supported candidate ClERF4 as a causative gene associated with fruit rind hardness variability. In conclusion, our results provide new insight into the underlying mechanism controlling rind hardness, a desirable trait in fresh fruit. Moreover, the findings will further enable the molecular improvement of fruit cracking resistance in watermelon via precisely targeting the causative gene relevant to rind hardness, ClERF4.
Estimating statistical power for event‐related potential studies using the late positive potential
Authors: Gibney Kyla D. , Kypriotakis George , Cinciripini Paul M. , Robinson Jason D. , Minnix Jennifer A. , Versace Francesco 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe late positive potential (LPP) is a common measurement used to study emotional processes of subjects in ERP paradigms. Despite its extensive use in affective neuroscience, there is presently no gold standard for how to appropriately power ERP studies using the LPP. The present study investigates how the number of trials, number of subjects, and magnitude of the effect size affect statistical power in analyses of the LPP. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ERP experiments with varying numbers of trials, subjects, and synthetic effects of known magnitude, we measured the probability of obtaining a statistically significant effect in 1,489 experiments repeated 1,000 times each. Predictably, our results showed that statistical power increases with increasing numbers of trials and subjects and at larger effect sizes. We also found that higher levels of statistical power can be achieved with lower numbers of subjects and trials and at lower effect sizes in within‐subject than in between‐subjects designs. Furthermore, we found that, as subjects are added to an experiment, the slope of the relationship between effect size and statistical power increased and shifted to the left until the power asymptoted to nearly 100% at higher effect sizes. This suggests that adding more subjects greatly increases statistical power at lower effect sizes (<1 µV) compared with more robust (>1.5 µV) effect sizes. We confirmed the results from the simulations based on the synthetic effects by running a new series of simulated experiments based on real data collected while participants looked at emotional images.
Negative expectations influence behavioral and ERP responses in the subsequent recognition of expectancy‐incongruent neutral events
Authors: Lin Huiyan , Liang Jiafeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that expectancy incongruence in emotional stimuli influences the encoding (i.e., the first stage of memory processing) of the stimuli. However, it is unknown about whether expectancy incongruence influences later stages of memory processing, such as recognition. To this end, expectancy cues were presented prior to emotional pictures. Most often, the cues accurately indicated the emotional consequences of the pictures, but in some cases the consequence was incongruent with the expectations, and a picture from another emotional category was presented. Afterward, participants completed an unexpected recognition task in which old and novel pictures were not preceded by expectancy cues. The results showed that, in the encoding phase, expectancy incongruence reduced response accuracy when categorizing pictorial emotions, and the effect was smaller for neutral pictures than for negative pictures. ERP results showed stronger and weaker responses to expectancy incongruent pictures compared to congruent pictures in time ranges related to the encoding‐related early and middle late positive potential (LPP), respectively. In the subsequent recognition phase, d′ scores were higher for incongruent neutral pictures than for congruent ones. Expectancy incongruence enlarged the P2 response but reduced the recognition‐related early LPP response for neutral pictures. However, effects of expectancy incongruence were not seen for negative pictures. Therefore, the findings in the present study indicate that negative expectations influence the later recognition of expectancy incongruent neutral events, whereas negative events are more resistant to the effects of expectation incongruence.
Physical activity after inpatient occupational rehabilitation: Secondary outcomes of two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Skagseth Martin , Fimland Marius Steiro , Ivar Lund Nilsen Tom , Aasdahl Lene 
Published: October 2019

ObjectivesTo assess whether inpatient multicomponent occupational rehabilitation, including physical activity (PA), increases the PA level of participants more than an outpatient program without PA, and whether changes in PA are associated with future work outcomes.MethodsA total of 265 participants were included in one of two randomized clinical trials. Participants had been sick listed 2‐12 months with a musculo‐skeletal, psychological, or general/unspecified diagnosis. We measured PA by questionnaires at the start of the programs and at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow‐up. Between‐group differences in PA were assessed using linear mixed models. Associations between change in PA and future work outcomes were assessed by logistic and linear regression.ResultsThere was no difference in change in PA between the inpatient and outpatient programs during 12 months of follow‐up. We did not find any associations between the amount of PA and future work outcomes. However, intensity of PA was positively associated with return to work (RTW); participants reporting increased vigorous PA had an odds ratio (OR) for RTW of 4.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1‐15.7) whereas participants reporting consistently high intensity of PA had an OR of 3.1 (95% CI 1.0‐9.7), compared to participants reporting low‐intensity PA.ConclusionInpatient occupational rehabilitation, including PA, did not increase PA‐level in the follow‐up period more than a less comprehensive program without PA. The amount of PA was not associated with future work outcomes. However, vigorous PA showed a positive association with RTW.
Candidemia in solid organ transplant recipients in Spain: Epidemiological trends and determinants of outcome
Authors: Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Cardozo Celia , Salavert Miguel , Aguilar‐Guisado Manuela , Escolà‐Vergé Laura , Muñoz Patricia , Gioia Francesca , Montejo Miguel , Merino Paloma , Cuervo Guillermo , García‐Vidal Carolina , Aguado José María ,   on behalf of the CANDIPOP Project, the CANDI‐Bundle Group,   GEIRAS‐GEMICOMED (SEIMC)REIPI
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundDespite being considered a high‐risk population for invasive fungal disease, specific features of candidemia among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients remain poorly characterized.MethodsWe compiled prospective data from two multicenter studies on candidemia performed over two consecutive periods in Spain: the CANDIPOP Study (2010‐2011) and the CANDI‐Bundle Study (2016‐2018). Episodes diagnosed in adult SOT recipients in 10 participating centers were included. Risk factors for clinical failure (all‐cause 7‐day mortality and/or persistent candidemia for ≥72 hours) and 30‐day mortality were investigated by univariate analysis.ResultsWe included 55 episodes of post‐transplant candidemia (32 and 23 of which occurred during the first and second periods). Kidney (38.2%) and liver recipients (30.9%) were the most common populations. Candida albicans accounted for 27.3% of episodes. The proportion of C glabrata increased over time (18.8% vs 30.4% for the first and second periods). There were no differences in the rate of fluconazole non‐susceptible isolates (50.0% vs 60.0%, respectively). Clinical failure and 30‐day mortality occurred in 25.5% and 27.3% of episodes and were associated with the severity of candidemia (Pitt score and severe sepsis/septic shock). Kidney transplantation (unadjusted odds ratio [uOR]: 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03‐0.85; P‐value = .020), early catheter removal (uOR: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.03‐0.76; P‐value = .013), and appropriate early antifungal therapy (uOR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.89; P‐value = .041) were protective for 30‐day mortality.ConclusionsHigh rates of non‐albicans species and fluconazole non‐susceptibility must be taken into account to optimize therapeutic management and outcomes in SOT recipients with candidemia.
Cell wall contributes to the stability of plasma membrane nanodomain organization of Arabidopsis thaliana FLOTILLIN2 and HYPERSENSITIVE INDUCED REACTION1 proteins
Authors: Daněk Michal , Angelini Jindřiška , Malínská Kateřina , Andrejch Jan , Amlerová Zuzana , Kocourková Daniela , Brouzdová Jitka , Valentová Olga , Martinec Jan , Petrášek Jan 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCurrent models of plasma membrane (PM) postulate its organization in various nano‐ and micro‐domains with distinct protein and lipid composition. While metazoan PM nanodomains usually display high lateral mobility, the dynamics of plant nanodomains is often highly spatially restricted. Here we have focused on the determination of the PM distribution in nanodomains for Arabidopsis thaliana flotillin (AtFLOT) and hypersensitive induced reaction proteins (AtHIR), previously shown to be involved in response to extracellular stimuli. Using in vivo laser scanning and spinning disc confocal microscopy in Arabidopsis thaliana we present here their nanodomain localization in various epidermal cell types. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and kymographic analysis revealed that PM‐associated AtFLOTs contain significantly higher immobile fraction than AtHIRs. In addition, much lower immobile fractions have been found in tonoplast pool of AtHIR3. Although members of both groups of proteins were spatially restricted in their PM distribution by corrals co‐aligning with microtubules (MTs), pharmacological treatments showed no or very low role of actin and microtubular cytoskeleton for clustering of AtFLOT and AtHIR into nanodomains. Finally, pharmacological alteration of cell wall (CW) synthesis and structure resulted in changes in lateral mobility of AtFLOT2 and AtHIR1. Accordingly, partial enzymatic CW removal increased the overall dynamics as well as individual nanodomain mobility of these two proteins. Such structural links to CW could play an important role in their correct positioning during PM communication with extracellular environment.
Facing up to Trump administration mercantilism: The 2018 WTO trade policy review of the United States
Authors: Nelson Douglas R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs one of the largest trading economies in the WTO system, US trade policy is reviewed regularly by WTO members, informed by a Trade Policy Review (TPR) report. This paper discusses the 2018 TPR of the United States, the 14th such review undertaken since the entry into force of the WTO in 1995. It is the first review of trade policy under the Trump administration. While the TPR documents the significant changes in US trade policy, it does not engage with the mercantilist vision that motivates trade policy under President Trump or the apparent desire to engage in trade wars with its major trading partners. The lack of discussion of the existential threat to the liberal trading system implied by the drastic changes to US trade policy reduces the salience of the TPR and makes it unclear exactly what purpose it serves.
Oestrogen receptor ERα and ERβ agonists ameliorate oxidative brain injury and improve memory dysfunction in rats with an epileptic seizure
Authors: Koyuncuoğlu Türkan , Arabacı Tamer Sevil , Erzik Can , Karagöz Ayça , Akakın Dilek , Yüksel Meral , Yeğen Berrak Ç. 
Published: October 2019

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Could different hormonally active substances, including oestrogen receptor (ER) agonists, protect against oxidative brain damage and memory impairment induced by a single epileptic seizure in rats? If so, which signalling mechanisms are involved in their anti‐inflammatory effects?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Chronic administration of oestrogen, progesterone, ER modulators/agonists or blockade of testosterone exhibited anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant actions on single seizure‐induced neuronal injury, while ER agonists additionally improved memory function and up‐regulated CREB signalling and hippocampal GABA(A)α1 receptor density, suggesting that ERα or ERβ receptor activation may be beneficial in protecting against seizure‐related oxidative brain injury and cognitive dysfunction.

AbstractThe susceptibility to epileptic seizures is dependent on sex as well as fluctuations in oestrogen levels, while exogenous oestrogen was shown to have no effect or to facilitate or to inhibit seizure activity. Oestrogen receptors (ERs) mediate antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions in several inflammatory models, but the involvement of ERs in seizure‐induced neuronal injury has not been evaluated previously. In order to assess the effects of resveratrol, progesterone, oestradiol (E2), an anti‐testosterone (cyproterone acetate; CPA), a selective ER modulator (tamoxifen; TMX) and ERα/ERβ agonists (propyl pyrazole triol (PPT), diarylpropionitrile (DPN)) on oxidative brain damage and memory impairment due to epileptic seizure, male Wistar rats (n = 120) received one of the treatment choices either in drinking water or intraperitoneally for 31 days, and epileptic seizure was induced on the 28th day by injection of a single‐dose of pentylenetetrazole (45 mg kg−1). The results demonstrate that chronic pretreatment with resveratrol, progesterone, E2, CPA or TMX suppressed most of the inflammatory parameters indicative of oxidative neuronal injury, while treatment with the ER agonists DPN or PPT were found to be even more effective in limiting the oxidative damage. Treatment with DPN resulted in the up‐regulation of cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, while PPT up‐regulated expression of CREB without affecting BDNF levels. Moreover, both ER agonists provided protection against seizure‐induced memory loss with a concomitant increase in hippocampal GABA(A)α1‐positive cells. In conclusion, ER agonists, and more specifically ERβ agonist, appear to provide maximum protection against seizure‐induced oxidative brain injury and associated memory dysfunction by up‐regulating the expression of CREB, BDNF and GABA(A)α1 receptors.
Effects of Double-Side Labyrinth Seals on Aerodynamic Performance in a Transonic Shrouded Turbine Stage
Authors: Li Weihang , Chen Shaowen , Liu Hongyan , Zhou Zhihua , Wang Songtao 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Labyrinth seals on both rotor casing and blade tip as an effective method to control the leakage flowrate of the shroud and improve aerodynamic performances in a transonic turbine stage are investigated in this study. Compared to the case without the labyrinth seal structure, the cases with three different types of sealing teeth have been shown to reduce significantly the tip leakage flow by computational simulations. The double-side sealing teeth case reduces the leakage flowrate mleakage/mpassage from 3.4% to 1.3% and increases the efficiency by 1.4%, which is the maximum efficiency improvement of all cases. The sealing structures increase the loss inside the shroud while reducing the momentum mixing between shroud leakage flow and mainstream. Therefore, the circumferential distribution of leakage velocity is changed, as well as the distribution of high-loss zones at turbine outlet. Furthermore, the leakage-vortex loss, which is associated with the blockage effect of sealing structure to the tip leakage flow, gains more improvement than the passage-vortex at the rotor outlet section in double-side seal case. In addition, it has also been found that with a larger gap at tip, the double-side seal has better effects of reducing the leakage flow and improving the aerodynamic performance in the transonic turbine stage.
Moorfields AMD database report 2: fellow eye involvement with neovascular age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Fasler Katrin , Fu Dun Jack , Moraes Gabriella , Wagner Siegfried , Gokhale Eesha , Kortuem Karsten , Chopra Reena , Faes Livia , Preston Gabriella , Pontikos Nikolas , Patel Praveen J , Tufail Adnan , Lee Aaron Y , Balaskas Konstantinos , Keane Pearse A 
Published: October 2019

Background/AimsNeovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is frequently bilateral, and previous reports on ‘fellow eyes’ have assumed sequential treatment after a period of treatment of the first eye only. The aim of our study was to analyse baseline characteristics and visual acuity (VA) outcomes of fellow eye involvement with nAMD, specifically differentiating between sequential and non-sequential (due to macular scarring in the first eye) antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment and timelines for fellow eye involvement.MethodsRetrospective, electronic medical record database study of the Moorfields AMD database of 6265 patients/120 286 single entries with data extracted between 21 October 2008 and 9 August 2018. The data set for analysis consisted of 1180 sequential, 807 non-sequential and 3410 unilateral eyes.ResultsMean VA (ETDRS letters±SD) of sequentially treated fellow eyes at baseline was significantly higher (63±13), VA gain over 2 years lower (0.37±14) and proportion of eyes with good VA (≥70 letters) higher (46%) than the respective first eyes (baseline VA 54±16, VA gain at 2 years 5.6±15, percentage of eyes with good VA 39%). Non-sequential fellow eyes showed baseline characteristics and VA outcomes similar to first eyes. Fellow eye involvement rate was 32% at 2 years, and median time interval to fellow eye involvement was 71 (IQR: 27–147) weeks.ConclusionThis report shows that sequentially treated nAMD fellow eyes have better baseline and final VA than non-sequentially treated eyes after 2 years of treatment. Sequentially treated eyes also had a greater proportion with good VA after 2 years.
I spy with my little eye … a knee about to go ‘pop’? Can coaches and sports medicine professionals predict who is at greater risk of ACL rupture?
Authors: Mørtvedt Anne Inger , Krosshaug Tron , Bahr Roald , Petushek Erich 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe vertical drop jump (VDJ) test is widely used for clinical assessment of ACL injury risk, but it is not clear whether such assessments are valid.AimTo examine if sports medicine professionals and coaches are able to identify players at risk of sustaining an ACL injury by visually assessing player performance during a VDJ test.Methods102 video clips of elite female handball and football players performing a baseline VDJ test were randomly extracted from a 738-person prospective cohort study that tracked ACL injuries. Of the sample, 20 of 102 went on to suffer an ACL injury. These 102 videos were uploaded to an online survey. Sports medicine professionals and coaches were invited to assess athlete performance and rate each clip with a number between 1 and 10 (1 representing low risk of sustaining an ACL injury and 10 representing high risk). Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to assess classification accuracy and between-group differences were analysed using one-way analysis of variance.Results237 assessors completed the survey. Area under the curve values ranged from 0.36 to 0.60, with a mean score of 0.47, which is similar to random guessing. There were no significant differences in classification accuracy between groups (physicians, coaches, certified athletic trainers, researchers or physical therapists).ConclusionAssessors have poor predictive ability (no better than chance), indicating that visual assessment of a VDJ test is a poor test for assessing ACL injury risk in elite female handball and football players.
Successful implementation of remote video consultations for patients receiving home parenteral nutrition in a national UK Centre
Authors: Cloutier Anabelle , Bond Ashley , Taylor Michael Ian , Ablett Joanne , Teubner Antje , Farrer Kirstine , Leahy Gavin , Abraham Arun , Lal Simon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRationaleOur intestinal failure unit provides care for patients from a wide geographical area. Patients dependent on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) are routinely reviewed in the clinic at 3–6 monthly intervals. Between March 2008 and 2015, we noted a significant rise in the number of patients under our care, with an associated 51% increase in clinic appointments offered. We evaluated whether telemedicine would provide a strategy to reduce patients’ need to travel while maintaining safe clinical standards.MethodsImplementation began in December 2015 via patient consultation and small tests of change. Clinical data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. Remote video consultation discussions were carried out via internet video call service (Skype). An anonymous satisfaction questionnaire was offered to patients for completion following consultation. The number of miles saved by obviating the need to attend hospital was calculated for each patient.ResultsDuring the study period, patients receiving HPN rose by 18% to 288. Twenty-five patients used telemedicine for HPN follow-up, three of these for follow-up with the psychologist. By avoiding hospital attendance, this saved a mean travel distance of 56.7 miles with a total of 18 346.6 cumulative miles saved. Sixty-three per cent of patients rated their satisfaction with the system at ≥90%, with a mean satisfaction of 85%. Eight per cent of the telemedicine cohort was admitted with an HPN complication, compared with an admission rate of 24% for the whole HPN cohort. One emergency admission was avoided.ConclusionTelemedicine can obviate the need for clinic attendance in HPN-dependent patients, so reducing the need of individuals with chronic illness to travel while maintaining standards for follow-up.