bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facility conditions, obstetric and neonatal care practices, and availability of emergency obstetric and neonatal care in 72 rural health facilities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Carter Rebecca , Xiong Xu , Lusamba-Dikassa Paul-Samson , Kuburhanwa Elvis C. , Kimanuka Francine , Salumu Freddy , Clarysse Guy , Tutu Baudouin Kalume , Yuma Sylvain , Iyeti Alain Mboko , Hernandez Julie H. , Shaffer Jeffrey G. , Bertrand Jane T. , Villeneuve Susie , Prual Alain , Pyne-Mercier Lee , Nigussie Assaye , Buekens Pierre 
Published: July 2019

Background: Current facility conditions, obstetric and neonatal care practices, and availability of emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC) were assessed in the Kwango and Kwilu provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods: This is an analysis of the baseline survey data from an ongoing clinical mentoring program among 72 rural health facilities in the DRC. Data collectors visited each of the facilities and collected data through a pre-programmed smartphone. Frequencies of selected indicators were calculated by province and facility type—general referral hospital (GRH) and primary health centers (HC). Results: Facility conditions varied across province and facility type. Maternity wards and delivery rooms were available in the highest frequency of rooms assessed (>95% of all facilities). Drinking water was available in 25.0% of all facilities; electricity was available in 49.2% of labor rooms and 67.6% of delivery rooms in all facilities. Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care services were available but varied across facilities. While the proportion of blood pressure measured during antenatal care was high (94.9%), the antenatal screening rate for proteinuria was low (14.7%). The use of uterotonics immediately after birth was observed in high numbers across both provinces (94.4% in Kwango and 75.6% in Kwilu) and facility type (91.3% in GRH and 81.4% in HC). The provision of immediate postnatal care to mothers every 15 minutes was provided in less than 50% of all facilities. GRH facilities generally had higher frequencies of available equipment and more services available than HC. GRH facilities provided an average of 6 EmONC signal functions (range: 2-9). Conclusions: Despite poor facility conditions and a lack of supplies, GRH and HC facilities were able to provide EmONC care in rural DRC. These findings could guide the provision of essential needs to the health facilities for better delivery of maternal and neonatal care.
Women’s empowerment and contraceptive use: a community-based survey in peri-urban Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Ansong Judith Kyei , Otupiri Easmon , Apenkwa Joana , Kuma Aboagye Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Background: Many reasons have been used to explain why contraceptive uptake in Ghana has not been as impressive as desired. One area that has not received enough attention is that of women’s empowerment. This study sought a better understanding of how women’s empowerment influences contraceptive uptake. Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to interview 761 currently married or cohabiting women aged 15-49 years who were residents of Asawasi and Oforikrom for at least two years and consented to be part of the study. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to link the exposure variables: the three measures of empowerment and other variables such as age, marital status, religion, education, ethnicity, income and number of living children with the outcome variable (current or future contraceptive use). Excel was used for data entry and STATA for analyses. Results: In total, 29% of respondents were empowered in all the three categories used to measure empowerment in this study; 34% were empowered in two of the three categories, 29% were empowered in only one category while 9% of the women were not empowered in any of the categories. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds of empowered women using contraceptives was significantly higher than the odds of women who were not empowered. Conclusions: Provision of economic interventions to empower and uplift conditions of women is needed to bring change in the economic status of their families and remove their dependence upon family members. This would make women in peri-urban Kumasi economically independent in making contraceptive choices and decisions, which would help in the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals: One (to end poverty in all its forms everywhere) and Five (to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls).
Fashion as an event: Conservation and its digital (dis)contents
Authors: Scaturro Sarah 
Published: July 2019

Fashion conservators face documentation challenges specific to the very nature of fashion objects, including their fragile and ephemeral materialities, three-dimensionality and inherently mutable forms. Conservation documentation is, in this sense, central to the definition of an object in a museum, moving beyond its practical and bureaucratic function of capturing an object’s current state and the treatment undertaken to address its problems.
This article presents an insight into the work of the conservator and reflects on the different issues connected to digital and non-digital documentation practices within a fashion museum. It explores the ways in which a fashion conservator generates technical documentation to capture information regarding the methods of an object’s creation and what might have been done to it before it entered the museum. What is this archive of conservation documentation and how is it made? Who uses it and what do they do with it? How do conservators document fashion and are they successful in capturing its temporal values? This article provides answers to these questions, exploring an overlooked practice and readdressing the agency of the fashion conservator in the definition of fashion in the museum.
A history of fashion without fashion: Recovering the stout body in the digital archive
Authors: Peters Lauren Downing 
Published: July 2019

Since its beginnings in the mid-1980s as an interdisciplinary field of study indebted to its more entrenched sister disciplines of costume studies and dress history, fashion studies has witnessed scholars adopt a number of innovative methods and approaches, stemming from fields as disparate as economic history and ethnology. Even amid this diversity of approaches, however, the object – and more specifically, the garment – continues to hold a place of special importance in the minds and research of fashion studies scholars. What happens, however, when the material record is lacking or absent? What methods and resources can fashion scholars employ to reconstruct a history of fashion without fashion?
With my doctoral research into the history of the stoutwear industry – the early-twentieth-century predecessor to what is today known as plus-size fashion – serving as a case study, this article will examine how the digital may enable scholars to recover histories of fashion; retrace historical self-fashioning practices; retrieve lost memories; and reconstruct bodies that have been lost due to conventional practices of conservation, collecting and archiving. In addition to describing my process and findings, this article will more generally consider the possibilities, but also the perils, of conducting historical fashion research in the digital realm.
Producción de leche en Argentina: un análisis de los quiebres estructurales para predicción
Authors: Chara Ana Laura , Vicentin Masaro Jimena 
Published: July 2019

Muchos son los motivos por los que la cadena láctea argentina cobra especial relevancia en la economía nacional: el valor agregado generado, el ingreso de divisas por exportaciones y el gran requerimiento de mano de obra. Además, los productos son variados, arraigados a la idiosincrasia del país, fundamentales para la nutrición saludable e integrantes de la canasta básicas de los consumidores. Por ello, el Estado suele intervenir la cadena introduciendo políticas sectoriales para contener los precios internos o para amortiguar efectos de acontecimientos naturales. Desdehace años, el sector atraviesa distintas crisis, combinadas con procesos de cambios en su funcionamiento y estructura. El eslabón primario resulta crítico en el proceso y, aunque los reclamos sectoriales giran en torno a los precios recibidos, actualmente se encuentra en boga el proceso de concentración y los efectos sobre la competitividad del sector. En este contexto, el trabajo modela la serie univariada de la producción argentina de leche cruda entre 1983–2016 por medio de la metodología Box–Jekins, estudiando la presencia de quiebres estructurales econométricamente y conectándolos con los sucesos y políticas del momento; luego, se utiliza el modelo para predecir la evolución futura. Como resultados se encuentran tres quiebres estructurales, el primero a principios de los ’90, el segundo a finales de dicha década y el tercero a finales de 2003. El modelo que los incorpora permite realizar predicciones que muestran similar evolución a la realidad y que pronostican una recuperación moderada de la producción para fin de año.
El petróleo y su impacto total en el precio de los alimentos. Un abordaje Insumo Producto para Estados Unidos en 2002 y 2007
Authors: Roitbarg Hernán Alejandro 
Published: July 2019

Entender los determinantes del auge del siglo XXI en los precios de los commodities es vital para Latinoamérica. En particular, el movimiento conjunto del precio del petróleo y los alimentos ha generado una controversia sobre el tipo de relación entre ambos. Más allá del reconocimiento del impacto de la estructura de insumos, pocos estudios han resaltado los vínculos directos e indirectos entre las importaciones de combustibles y el precio de los alimentos. En consecuencia, el objetivo de la presente investigación es describir la evolución del vínculo estructural entre el precio del petróleo crudo y el precio de los alimentos, en particular los productos agrícolas para el aumento desde 2002 hasta 2007 en Estados Unidos. La metodología utiliza un modelo de índice de precios insumo–producto basado en Cuadros de Oferta y Utilización para la economía de Estados Unidos en los años 2002 y 2007. Los resultados indican que un 9 % del aumento en alimentos responde a causas exógenas vinculadas a los insumos energéticos. La parte de las importaciones indirectas incidió entre un 2,4 % y un 0,07 %, existiendo un claro proceso de sustitución inversa cuya principal consecuencia es la menor dependencia de la energía extranjera. En conclusión, la metodología logra identificar una parte estructural del aumento del precio de los alimentos. No obstante, queda para otras instancias analizar otras hipótesis clásicas como el efecto de la restricción de capacidad en las zonas de menores costos, el impacto neto de los cambios técnicos en el cultivo y las transformaciones distributivas.
Effect of Exercise Program on Fatigue and Depression among Geriatric Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Hassan Abd Elhameed Soad , El Sayed Fadila Doaa 
Published: July 2019

Background: Fatigue is one of the foremost common complications faced the hemodialysis elderly patients. Fatigue notÂ onlyÂ impact the daily lives and activities of patientsÂ butÂ itÂ conjointlyÂ influences their quality of life,Â which canÂ afterwardsÂ result inÂ magnified depression, tinyÂ social interactions and increase dependency on others.Aim: Determine the effect of exercise program on fatigue and depression among geriatric patients undergoing hemodialysis.Design: Randomized controlled trial (pretest post-test) design was used.Setting: The study was carried out in the dialysis units of Mansoura University Hospital and New Mansoura General Hospital.Subjects: A purposive sample of 62 geriatric patients undergoing hemodialysis was selected and randomly allocated into two equal groups, study group (n = 31) and control group (n =31).Tools: Three tools were used; Structured interview questionnaire sheet, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form.Results: The mean age of the study and control groups was 63.45Â±4.49 and 64.7Â±5.25 respectively. A high statistically significant change in fatigue and depression score (pre and post 2 months) between the study and the control groups was observed (P=0.000). Moreover, a statistically significant relation was observed between fatigue and age of the hemodialysis geriatric patients after implementation of the exercise program (P= 0.002).Conclusion: Implementation of the exercise program proved to be effective in improving the level of fatigue and depression among geriatric patients undergoing hemodialysis in the study group.Recommendation: Encourage geriatric patients undergoing hemodialysis to perform regularly range of motion and relaxation exercises in order to alleviate fatigue and overcome depression.Â Â
Kebijakan Internal Madrasah Dalam Memenuhi Kepuasan Orang Tua Siswa Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 1 Kulon Progo
Authors: Sudarman Sudarman 
Published: July 2019

The underlying reason of the study is the importance of education in global era where parents demand that, to face the future, their children should both master science and technology and have strong religion base. To maintain trust from the society, madrasah must work hard. In the last few years, MIN 1 Kulon Progo, a madrasah (Islamic School) with the highest number of students in district Temon, has experienced a constant decrease in enrolments. The sudy shows that student parents of MIN 1 Kulon Progo expect that students 1) worship more diligently, 2) possess better moral and personality, 3) have various skills, 4) achieve better grade, and 5) reach both academic and nonacademic achievements.To respond parents’ expectation, Madrasah issues policies such as 1) improving the students’ worship quality, 2) mending their moralsand attitude, 3) strengthening the pupils’ skills, 4) setting higherachievements, 5) raising goals both academic and non academic. The policies prove to fulfil the needs although some parents think differently. It also brought further benefit to the school as more parents send their children to MIN 1 Kulon Progo in 2018/2019 school year. The school reached the target of new students (56), and it even had to refuse some candidates.
A constructive method for convex solutions of a class of nonlinear Black-Scholes equations
Authors: Abounouh Mostafa , Al Moatassime Hassan , Driouch Aicha , Goubet Olivier 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this work, we are concerned with the theoretical study of a nonlinear Black-Scholes equation resulting from market frictions. We will focus our attention on Barles and Soner’s model where the volatility is enlarged due to the presence of transaction costs. The aim of this paper is to give a constructive mathematical approach for proving the existence of convex solutions to a non degenerate fully nonlinear deterministic problem with nonlinear dependence upon the highest derivative. The existence of a strong solution to the original equation is shown by considering a monotone sequence satisfying an abstract Barenblatt equation and converging toward the solution of a limit problem.
Regularity for minimizers for functionals of double phase with variable exponents
Authors: Ragusa Maria Alessandra , Tachikawa Atsushi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The functionals of double phase type

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
{\cal H} (u):= \int \left(|Du|^{p} + a(x)|Du|^{q} \right) dx, ~~
~~~(q \gt p \gt 1,~~a(x)\geq 0)
\end{array}$$
are introduced in the epoch-making paper by Colombo-Mingione [1] for constants p and q, and investigated by them and Baroni. They obtained sharp regularity results for minimizers of such functionals. In this paper we treat the case that the exponents are functions of x and partly generalize their regularity results.
Ecological orientations to sociolinguistic scale: Insights from study abroad experiences
Authors: Badwan Khawla , Simpson James 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The sociolinguistics of globalisation, as an emerging paradigm, focuses on the impact of mobility on the linguistic capital of mobile individuals. To understand this, Blommaert advocates a scalar approach to language arguing that some people’s repertoires “will allow mobility while others will not” (2010. The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 23) and proposing high scale, low scale orderings. In this paper we introduce an ecological orientation to sociolinguistic scale that challenges the fixity of a high/low scale distinction by conceptually drawing on the notions of flat ontology (Marston et al. 2005. Human geography without scale. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 30(4). 416–432) and exchange value (Heller. 2010. The commodification of language. Annual Review of Anthropology 39. 101–114). We do this in relation to Study Abroad (SA) contexts, which offer spaces for investigating how mobility influences the exchange value of individuals’ linguistic repertoires. The study speaks to a broader project in social research which emphasises the agency, subjectivity and criticality of the individual and stresses the complex and rhizomatic nature of social interaction. Drawing on moment analysis (Li. 2011. Moment Analysis and translanguaging space: Discursive construction of identities by multilingual Chinese youth in Britain. Journal of Pragmatics 43. 1222–1235), we examine the experiences of two study abroad students in the UK. These include tellings of critical and reflective moments through which we interpret their experience of how the interplay of language, place and ecology of interaction results in constant, dynamic changes in the exchange value of their English repertoires. Our contribution is to show how an ecological orientation and a flat, rather than stratified, ontology enables insights into language use and globalisation in a way that empowers multilingual, mobile individuals.
Efficiency Wages in Cournot-Oligopoly
Authors: de Pinto Marco , Goerke Laszlo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In a Cournot-oligopoly with free but costly entry and business stealing, output per firm is too low and the number of competitors excessive, assuming labor productivity to depend on the number of employees only or to be constant. However, a firm can raise the productivity of its workforce by paying higher wages. We show that such efficiency wages accentuate the distortions occurring in oligopoly. Specifically, excessive entry is aggravated and the welfare loss due to market power rises.
Numerical Study of Coal Composition Effects on the Performance of Gasification Through Computational Fluid Dynamic
Authors: Unar Imran Nazir , Soomro Suhail Ahmed , Maitlo Ghulamullah , Aziz Shaheen , Mahar Rasool Bux , Bhatti Zulfiqar Ali 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Pakistan is very rich in coal reserves specifically after exploration of Thar coal reserves. At the same time country is facing energy crises due to shortage or unavailability of sustainable fuel supply at a cheaper rate. One potential solution is coal gasification which gives clean synthetic gas usually called syngas for use as an alternative fuel source for electricity production at a cheaper rate as well as a source of recovering different chemicals used as basic raw materials in other industries. Numerical simulations have been performed in this work for the gasification process of indigenous coal on a 2D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of downdraft entrained-flow gasifier using commercial CFD software FLUENT®6.3.26. Navier-stokes equations along with transport equations for species have been solved using eddy-dissipation combustion model. The compositions of indigenous coals (Thar, Lakhra, and Sonda) were used in simulations as gasification feedstock. Rich oxidant conditions 95 % O2 and 5 % N2 were set for gasification. The gasification performance was studied by comparing efficiencies of gasification and quality of syngas produced for three types of coal feedings. The temperature and pressure profiles inside the gasifier were also studied. From simulation results, the great influence of coal composition was observed in the performance of gasification. Lakhra coal produced syngas with a maximum heating value of 20.55 MJ/kg whereas sonda coal produced syngas with a minimum heating value of 17.96 MJ/kg.
Chattering Free Sliding Mode Control with Observer Based Adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network for Temperature Tracking in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Pundir Avdesh Singh , Singh Kailash 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a Chattering Free Sliding Mode Control (CFSMC) with observer based adaptive Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) has been designed for first-order transfer function model of temperature trajectory in a fixed bed reactor. The steady-state behavior and effect of different operating parameters such as feed velocity and temperature on the operation of the fixed bed reactor have been discussed. Due to RBFNN’s capability to map the nonlinear dynamics online through self-learning ability, it is combined with CFSMC to reduce the chattering behavior. The adaptive RBFNN has been used to approximate the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the fixed bed reactor. To predict the states of the system, high gain observer based on adaptive RBFNN has been used. Design parameter of the observer has been estimated using Hurwitz polynomial. The effect of neuron number on the mapping error and the effect of space discretization step on modeling error have also been discussed. To decrease the chattering generated by the Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) in the temperature trajectory tracking, an equivalent control term is neglected from the final controller. It has two main advantages: one is the reduction in chattering behavior which is the main drawback of SMC and the second is the reduction of the high gain requirement. The SMC is used to overcome against external disturbance, load variation, variation in key parameters and model mismatch. To make the simulation realistic, constraints have been applied to control input and input rate. For guaranteeing the system stability, Lyapunov theorem has been applied. To show the suitability of the hybrid controller, a comparison has been carried out between the hybrid and PID controller. To quantify the performance, Integral Time Weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) has been estimated. Under the condition of existing model errors and external disturbances, simulation study of the control of the fixed bed reactor shows that the hybrid control algorithm consisting of sliding mode control and observer-based adaptive RBFNN performs well both for tracking the temperature trajectory and reducing the chattering.