bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A z = 0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis. I. A WISE and GALEX Atlas of Local Galaxies
Authors: Leroy Adam K. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Lang Dustin , Lewis Alexia , Salim Samir , Behrens Erica A. , Chastenet Jérémy , Chiang 江 I-Da 宜達 , Gallagher Molly J. , Kessler Sarah , Utomo Dyas 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We present an atlas of ultraviolet and infrared images of ∼15,750 local (d ≲ 50 Mpc) galaxies, as observed by NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) and Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) missions. These maps have matched resolution (FWHM 7.″5 and 15″), matched astrometry, and a common procedure for background removal. We demonstrate that they agree well with resolved intensity measurements and integrated photometry from previous surveys. This atlas represents the first part of a program (the z = 0 Multiwavelength Galaxy Synthesis) to create a large, uniform database of resolved measurements of gas and dust in nearby galaxies. The images and associated catalogs will be publicly available at the NASA/IPAC Infrared Science Archive. This atlas allows us estimate local and integrated star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses (M
⋆) across the local galaxy population in a uniform way. In the appendix, we use the population synthesis fits of Salim et al. to calibrate integrated M
⋆ and SFR estimators based on GALEX and WISE. Because they leverage a Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)-based training set of >100,000 galaxies, these calibrations have high precision and allow us to rigorously compare local galaxies to SDSS results. We provide these SFR and M
⋆ estimates for all galaxies in our sample and show that our results yield a “main sequence” of star-forming galaxies comparable to previous work. We also show the distribution of intensities from resolved galaxies in NUV-to-WISE1 versus WISE1-to-WISE3 space, which captures much of the key physics accessed by these bands.
Convective hydration in the tropical tropopause layer during the StratoClim aircraft campaign: pathway of an observed hydration patch
Authors: Lee Keun-Ok , Dauhut Thibaut , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre , Khaykin Sergey , Krämer Martina , Rolf Christian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The source and pathway of the hydration patch in the TTL (tropical
tropopause layer) that was measured during the Stratospheric and upper tropospheric
processes for better climate predictions (StratoClim) field campaign
during the Asian summer monsoon in 2017 and its connection to convective
overshoots are investigated. During flight no. 7, two remarkable layers are
measured in the TTL, namely (1) the moist layer (ML) with a water vapour content
of 4.8–5.7 ppmv in altitudes of 18–19 km in the lower
stratosphere and (2) the ice layer (IL) with ice content up to 1.9 eq. ppmv (equivalent parts per million by volume) in
altitudes of 17–18 km in the upper troposphere at around 06:30 UTC on 8 August to the south of Kathmandu (Nepal). A Meso-NH convection-permitting
simulation succeeds in reproducing the characteristics of the ML and IL. Through
analysis, we show that the ML and IL are generated by convective overshoots that
occurred over the Sichuan Basin about 1.5 d before. Overshooting clouds
develop at altitudes up to 19 km, hydrating the lower stratosphere of up to 20 km with
6401 t of water vapour by a strong-to-moderate mixing of the updraughts with
the stratospheric air. A few hours after the initial overshooting phase, a
hydration patch is generated, and a large amount of water vapour (above 18 ppmv) remains at even higher altitudes up to 20.5 km while the anvil cloud
top descends to 18.5 km. At the same time, a great part of the hydrometeors
falls shortly, and the water vapour concentration in the ML and IL decreases due
to turbulent diffusion by mixing with the tropospheric air, ice nucleation,
and water vapour deposition. As the hydration patch continues to travel
toward the south of Kathmandu, tropospheric tracer concentration increases
up to ∼30 % and 70 % in the ML and IL, respectively. The air
mass in the layers becomes gradually diffused, and it has less and less water
vapour and ice content by mixing with the dry tropospheric air.
European NOx emissions in WRF-Chem derived from OMI: impacts on summertime surface ozone
Authors: Visser Auke J. , Boersma K. Folkert , Ganzeveld Laurens N. , Krol Maarten C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Ozone (O3) is a secondary air pollutant that negatively affects human and ecosystem health. Ozone simulations with regional air quality models suffer from unexplained biases over Europe, and uncertainties in the emissions of ozone precursor group nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) contribute to these biases. The goal of this study is to use NO2 column observations from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite sensor to infer top-down NOx emissions in the regional Weather Research and Forecasting model with coupled chemistry (WRF-Chem) and to evaluate the impact on simulated surface O3 with in situ observations. We first perform a simulation for July 2015 over Europe and evaluate its performance against in situ observations from the AirBase network. The spatial distribution of mean ozone concentrations is reproduced satisfactorily. However, the simulated maximum daily 8 h ozone concentration (MDA8 O3) is underestimated (mean bias error of −14.2 µg m−3), and its spread is too low. We subsequently derive satellite-constrained surface NOx emissions using a mass balance approach based on the relative difference between OMI and WRF-Chem NO2 columns. The method accounts for feedbacks through OH, NO2's dominant daytime oxidant. Our optimized European NOx emissions amount to 0.50 Tg N (for July 2015), which is 0.18 Tg N higher than the bottom-up emissions (which lacked agricultural soil NOx emissions). Much of the increases occur across Europe, in regions where agricultural soil NOx emissions dominate. Our best estimate of soil NOx emissions in July 2015 is 0.1 Tg N, much higher than the bottom-up 0.02 Tg N natural soil NOx emissions from the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). A simulation with satellite-updated NOx emissions reduces the systematic bias between WRF-Chem and OMI NO2 (slope =0.98, r2=0.84) and reduces the low bias against independent surface NO2 measurements by 1.1 µg m−3 (−56 %). Following these NOx emission changes, daytime ozone is strongly affected, since NOx emission changes particularly affect daytime ozone formation. Monthly averaged simulated daytime ozone increases by 6.0 µg m−3, and increases of >10 µg m−3 are seen in regions with large emission increases. With respect to the initial simulation, MDA8 O3 has an improved spatial distribution, expressed by an increase in r2 from 0.40 to 0.53, and a decrease of the mean bias by 7.4 µg m−3 (48 %). Overall, our results highlight the dependence of surface ozone on its precursor NOx and demonstrate that simulations of surface ozone benefit from constraining surface NOx emissions by satellite NO2 column observations.
Perfil clínico-cirúrgico de pacientes com mediastinite pós-cirurgia cardíaca: estudo transversal retrospectivo
Authors: Kanasiro Priscilla Sayuri , Turrini Ruth Natalia Teresa , Poveda Vanessa de Brito 
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil dos pacientes que desenvolveram mediastinite no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca em um hospital de alta complexidade, analisando o desfecho, relacionado ao tempo de internação, à necessidade de reinternação, à antibioticoterapia instituída e a óbito. Método: Estudo transversal, com coleta de dados retrospectiva, por meio de consulta a 86 prontuários de pacientes que desenvolveram mediastinite no ano de 2015. Os dados foram coletados desde o pré-operatório até 90 dias após a alta hospitalar, o diagnóstico de mediastinite ou o óbito. Resultados: O diagnóstico de mediastinite ocorreu em 45,3% dos casos durante a internação e 54,7% após a alta hospitalar, dos quais 14,9% foram tratados ambulatorialmente e 85,1% necessitaram de reinternação. O tempo médio de internação foi de 31,8 dias. O tempo médio para o diagnóstico de mediastinite foi de 21,2 dias (desvio padrão — DP±11,48). O tratamento foi baseado principalmente em quinolonas (43%) e glicopeptídeos (39,5%). Conclusão: Considerando a frequência de identificação de casos após a alta hospitalar, a vigilância pós-alta de infecções do sítio cirúrgico entre pacientes submetidos a cirurgias cardíacas deve ser um objetivo compartilhado pela equipe multiprofissional
Blending learning: The preferred choice of clinical nurse educators to provide continuing professional development
Authors: Arnaert Antonia , Ahmad Hamza , Ponzoni Norma , Oliver Catherine , Grugel-Park Adriana 
Published: September 2019

Introduction and objective: A clinical nurse educators’ (CNE) work is primarily focused on ensuring that fellow registered nurses have the skills and training to improve their clinical practice and maintain their professional competence. In recent years, resource limitations and a growing emphasis on self-directed learning have increased the pressure on nurse-educators to integrate e-learning into their teaching methods. While research has evaluated the experiences of nurses on this topic, limited understanding is known of CNEs’ experiences. Purpose: This qualitative study explored the CNEs’ experiences in facilitating continuing professional development for their nurses and the integration of e-learning in a University Health Center in Quebec, Canada.Methods: The sample consisted of 7 CNEs, who had more than one to 15 years of experience in their current position. Their experiences with e-learning varied: it ranged from incorporating a video-clip in their presentations, to providing input into the learning management system they tested. Semi-structured interviews were thematically analyzed. Results: Despite participants varied levels of knowledge towards e-learning, all were convinced that this method could be used complementarily alongside hands-on training. Though they recognized the importance of human contact in teaching, they also understood the limitations of the traditional pedagogy; lacking the addition of interactive features. Despite some criticism, CNEs were able to identify opportunities where e-learning could be useful: during nursing orientation, tracking, evaluation and accreditation purposes, content refreshment, and to standardize protocols.Discussion and conclusions: More research is needed, and cooperative efforts are required from nurses and nurse-management to engage in the promotion of professional development.
Orthopaedic Manifestations in Turner Syndrome
Authors: Acosta Anna M. , Steinman Suzanne E. , White Klane K. 
Published: September 2019

Turner syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal anomalies occurring in live-born females. It has been extensively reviewed in the medical literature, yet little has been discussed regarding the skeletal manifestations that present to the orthopaedic surgeon. It is important for the orthopaedic surgeon to be familiar with the clinical findings and comorbid conditions in Turner syndrome because they may be the first line of diagnosis when a patient presents for short stature, scoliosis, or slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Recent studies have identified the short stature homeobox gene as the main cause of the skeletal differences in patients with Turner syndrome, affecting longitudinal bone growth. Skeletal deformities including short stature, delayed skeletal maturation, angular deformity of the limbs, spinal deformity, and early-onset osteoporosis have been associated with Turner syndrome. This article will review the skeletal manifestations of Turner syndrome and propose guidelines for the treatment and monitoring of these patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level V
Bridging Biological and Artificial Neural Networks with Emerging Neuromorphic Devices: Fundamentals, Progress, and Challenges
Authors: Tang Jianshi , Yuan Fang , Shen Xinke , Wang Zhongrui , Rao Mingyi , He Yuanyuan , Sun Yuhao , Li Xinyi , Zhang Wenbin , Li Yijun , Gao Bin , Qian He , Bi Guoqiang , Song Sen , Yang J. Joshua , Wu Huaqiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs the research on artificial intelligence booms, there is broad interest in brain‐inspired computing using novel neuromorphic devices. The potential of various emerging materials and devices for neuromorphic computing has attracted extensive research efforts, leading to a large number of publications. Going forward, in order to better emulate the brain's functions, its relevant fundamentals, working mechanisms, and resultant behaviors need to be re‐visited, better understood, and connected to electronics. A systematic overview of biological and artificial neural systems is given, along with their related critical mechanisms. Recent progress in neuromorphic devices is reviewed and, more importantly, the existing challenges are highlighted to hopefully shed light on future research directions.
Fabrication of 2D/0D Heterojunction Based on the Dual Controls of Micro/Nano‐Morphology and Structure Towards High‐Efficiency Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Dong Hongjun , Hong Shihuan , Zuo Yan , Zhang Xiaoxu , Lu Zhiyuan , Han Juan , Wang Lei , Ni Liang , Li Chunmei , Wang Yun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt is a keen interest to fabricate heterojunction among semiconductors with different dimensions for improving the photocatalytic performance. Herein, the 2D/0D up‐g‐C3N4/Ni12P5 heterojunctions were prepared by means of anchoring Ni12P5 nanodots on the surface of ultrathin porous carbon nitride (up‐g‐C3N4) nanosheets based on the dual control strategy of micro/nano‐ morphology and structure. The prepared 2D/0D up‐g‐C3N4/Ni12P5 heterojunctions exhibit the far more outstanding photocatalytic H2 production activity in comparison with the up‐g‐C3N4, up‐g‐C3N4/Pt‐3 % and u‐g‐C3N4/Ni12P5‐3 % samples and the superior cycle stability. The prominent photocatalytic H2 production activity and stability originate from the improved visible light harvest ability and separation efficiency of charge carriers owing to the modification effect of Ni12P5 nanodots as cocatalysts on the surface of up‐g‐C3N4 nanosheets through forming the Ni−N bond states.
Physicochemical Properties of Foam‐Templated Oleogel Based on Gelatin and Xanthan Gum
Authors: Abdollahi Maryam , Goli Sayed Amir Hossein , Soltanizadeh Nafiseh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, gelatin and xanthan are applied to produce a foam‐templated oleogel. For this reason, the oleogel is prepared at different concentrations of biopolymers and the properties of solution, cryogel, and related oleogel are determined. The results show that xanthan addition increases viscosity and foam stability of solution. Also, an increment in biopolymer concentration increases cryogel network density (ND) and firmness but has no significant effect on moisture sorption. The oil binding capacity of all oleogels is >92%. In terms of high foam stability (96.87 ± 4.42), low ND (0.016 ± 0.00), and consequently suitable oil sorption (46.10 ± 4.40), the oleogel containing 3% gelatin and 0.2% xanthan is selected as the best sample. Complementary tests exhibit that the oleogel, with thixotropic behavior and 60% structural recovery, can bind the oil at temperature <100 °C. The oleogel network can protect the edible oil from oxidative reaction during 2 month storage. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to attest the application of this oleogel type in food products.Practical Application: Biopolymers of gelatin and xanthan are GRAS and available so that they are applied in many food products. This research shows that the cryogel of these biopolymers, as a hydrophilic oleogelator, can be utilized to structure oil and produce oleogel in an indirect method. This procedure that forms strong gel and keeps oil even at high temperatures can be of interest to scientists who are searching for solid fat substitutes in food products such as cakes, biscuits, and muffins.
Effects of the Minimum Wage on Infant Health
Authors: Wehby George L. , Dave Dhaval M. , Kaestner Robert 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe minimum wage has increased in multiple states over the past three decades and it continues to be a controversial policy. Most prior research has examined the effect of the minimum wage on employment and wages. In this study, we examine the impact of the state minimum wage on infant health. Using data on the universe of births in the U.S. over 24 years, we find that an increase in the minimum wage is associated with a small, but statistically significant increase in birthweight driven primarily by increased fetal growth rate. Effects are largest for young, married mothers. In terms of mechanisms, we find no evidence that prenatal care use and smoking during pregnancy are channels through which minimum wage improves infant health.
Behind‐Target Rupturing Effects of Sandwich‐like Plates by Reactive Liner Shaped Charge Jet
Authors: Zheng Yuanfeng , Su Chenghai , Guo Huanguo , Yu Qingbo , Wang Haifu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper begins with experiments to investigate the behind‐target damage effects on sandwich‐like plates subjected to reactive liner shaped charge jet. Sandwich‐like plates, consisting of triple spaced aluminum plates filled with flame‐retardant foams, are placed under a steel target. The reactive liner shaped charge is initiated at a stand‐off of 1.0 CD, producing a reactive jet to perforate the steel target and then cause behind‐target damage effects on sandwich‐like plates. The experimental results show there is an unusual rupturing effect on sandwich‐like plates, which strongly depends upon the steel target thickness. Generally, the rupturing effects on sandwich‐like plates increase gradually with the steel target thickness decreasing from 60 mm to 40 mm. Then, the interaction mechanism between the reactive jet and target is discussed in three phases. The formation phase shows an expansion behavior of reactive jet, leading to the jet density less than the initial density. The penetration phase results in central holes on aluminum plates and provides a precondition for cracks. Then, the deflagration reaction phase causes a field of high temperature and high pressure inside the sandwich‐like plates, which enlarges the kinetic energy‐induced pre‐perforations and thereby causes the unusual rupturing effects. Finally, an analytical model for the rupturing damage to aluminum plate is developed and the relevant parameter is obtained approximately.
An Unexpected Method to Synthesize Fluorinated Derivative of ANPZ
Authors: Huang Qi , Ma Yu , Guo Zhicheng , Liao Longyu , Hao Shilong , Nie Fude , Li Hongzhen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNucleophilic reaction of ANPZ (2,6‐diamino‐3,5‐dinitropyrazine) with formaldehyde was researched for the first time to synthesize its N‐hydroxymethyl derivative. With further modification, ether derivative and fluorinated derivative of ANPZ were obtained by an unexpected reaction pathway. The physical properties of new derivatives were also determined by experimental and theoretical methods, which indicate that fluorinated functionalization can be easily introduced by this unexpected method to improve the integrated performance of energetic materials.
Bolapolyphiles via Click Reaction: Effect of Flexible Polyaromatic Backbone Involving Polar Hydrogen Bonding Units on Their Self‐assembly
Authors: Kong Tongtong , Hu Jinliang , Xiao Yulong , Liu Chao , Cheng Xiaohong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThree series of bolapolyphiles consisting of a flexible diphenylthiophene polyaromatic backbone involving hydrogen bonding triazole units and two terminal glycerol groups as well as lateral alkyl chains (being either linear or branched) have been synthesized by CuAAC click reaction. The effect of the flexible polyaromatic backbone, as well as the length, number and branching or linearity of the lateral chain on their self‐assembly was investigated. The backbone flexibility led to the formation of structures intermediate between the well defined honeycombs of the rigid bolapolyphiles and the conventional flexible amphiphiles. T‐shaped bolapolyphiles with one lateral chain occupied small volume (one branched chain or one short linear chain) display triangular honeycomb phases. Whereas T‐shaped or π‐shaped bolapolyphiles with one or two lateral chain occupied larger volume (one longer linear or two linear chain) display square honeycomb phases with diffused or less defined cylinder wall structures. Further these compounds can self assemble into organogels in organic solvents. Their photophysical properties are affected greatly by the type of lateral chains, and they can act as chemosensors towards Fe3+.
Cola species of the limestone forests of Africa, with a new, endangered species, Cola cheringoma (Sterculiaceae), from Cheringoma, Mozambique
Authors: Cheek Martin , Luke Quentin , Matimele Hermenegildo , Banze Aurélio , Lawrence Poppy 
Published: September 2019

Summary
Cola cheringoma is described from the limestone gorge forest of the Cheringoma Plateau in Sofala Province of Central Mozambique. Tentatively treated previously as C. clavata Mast., it differs in being restricted to limestone substrate, the leaves drying white-green below (not on sandy soils, drying dark grey-brown). The tepal number of female flowers is 5 (not (5 –) 6), staminode number 5 (not 8), and the indumentum of the outer perianth covers only 50 – 60% of the surface with two distinct hair classes (not 100% coverage with a single hair type). The species is assessed as EN B2ab(iii) using the IUCN 2012 standard due to threats from the low number of locations, quarrying, and habitat modification. The Cola species growing in forest on limestone in tropical Africa are mapped and reviewed with respect to their status as obligate or facultative calcicoles, and with respect to their probable evolutionary origin. Based on morphological characters, adaptation to limestone habitats has probably occurred at least four times in the genus. Forests on limestone are rare and threatened in tropical Africa: only thirteen locations are known with certainty: these occur in Kenya (10 locations), Tanzania (2 locations) and Mozambique (1 location).
Antenatal Diagnosis of Bilateral Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency (PFFD)
Authors: Gupta Ashutosh , Sehgal Renu Raina , Fazal Tauqeer Syed , Jagtiani Nitin , Saini Pankaj 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) is a rare skeletal dysplasia, characterized by hypoplasia of the subtrochanteric femur with variable degrees of shortening of the femoral shaft. There are numerous gene e.g. TBX4, FGF, FGFR, TP63 and HOX responsible for limb formation, type and its shape. Normal limb development is three dimensional; proximodistal axis regulated by AER; anteroposterior axis (preaxial/postaxial) governed by SHH with ZPA and dorsoventral axis controlled by LMX1B. Primigravida with diamniotic dichorionic twins in first trimester was found to have absent right femur, fibula and left femural bone with hypoplastic right foot in one foetus. Right tibia, both left tibia and fibula and left foot were visualized normally. Bilateral humerus, radius and ulna along with digits were visualized with no evidence of oligodactyly. Twin II had no major limb reduction defect. Both nasal bones, hard palate were visualized; nuchal translucency was within normal range for the foetus of 13 weeks 3 days of duration; suggestive of bilateral PFFD; Aitken type 4 in Twin I. We are the first to describe bilateral PFFD in the first trimester of pregnancy. Nuchal scan provides a window of opportunity to the foetal medicine specialists to screen the foetus for major congenital anomalies and to proceed with further investigation or with selective reduction as in this case so as to optimize the pregnancy outcome. Identification of PFFD at 13 weeks with foetal reduction helped in minimizing the risk to the surviving foetus.