bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A unique role for clathrin light chain A in cell spreading and migration
Authors: Tsygankova Oxana M. , Keen James H. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Clathrin heavy chain is the structural component of the clathrin triskelion, but unique functions for the two distinct and highly conserved clathrin light chains (CLCa and CLCb, also known as CLTA and CLTB, respectively) have been elusive. Here, we show that following detachment and replating, CLCa is uniquely responsible for promoting efficient cell spreading and migration. Selective depletion of CLCa, but not of CLCb, reduced the initial phase of isotropic spreading of HeLa, H1299 and HEK293 cells by 60–80% compared to siRNA controls, and wound closure and motility by ∼50%. Surface levels of β1-integrins were unaffected by CLCa depletion. However, CLCa was required for effective targeting of FAK (also known as PTK2) and paxillin to the adherent surface of spreading cells, for integrin-mediated activation of Src, FAK and paxillin, and for maturation of focal adhesions, but not their microtubule-based turnover. Depletion of CLCa also blocked the interaction of clathrin with the nucleation-promoting factor WAVE complex, and altered actin distribution. Furthermore, preferential recruitment of CLCa to budding protrusions was also observed. These results comprise the first identification of CLCa-specific functions, with implications for normal and neoplastic integrin-based signaling and cell migration.
STIM1 phosphorylation at Y316 modulates its interaction with SARAF and the activation of SOCE and ICRAC
Authors: Lopez Esther , Frischauf Irene , Jardin Isaac , Derler Isabella , Muik Martin , Cantonero Carlos , Salido Gines M. , Smani Tarik , Rosado Juan A. , Redondo Pedro C. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is one of the key elements for the activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Hence, identification of the relevant phosphorylatable STIM1 residues with a possible role in the regulation of STIM1 function and SOCE is of interest. By performing a computational analysis, we identified that the Y316 residue is susceptible to phosphorylation. Expression of the STIM1-Y316F mutant in HEK293, NG115-401L and MEG-01 cells resulted in a reduction in STIM1 tyrosine phosphorylation, SOCE and the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ current (ICRAC). STIM1–Orai1 colocalization was reduced in HEK293 cells transfected with YFP–STIM1-Y316F compared to in cells with wild-type (WT) YFP-tagged STIM1. Additionally, the Y316F mutation altered the pattern of interaction between STIM1 and SARAF under resting conditions and upon Ca2+ store depletion. Expression of the STIM1 Y316F mutant enhanced slow Ca2+-dependent inactivation (SCDI) as compared to STIM1 WT, an effect that was abolished by SARAF knockdown. Finally, in NG115-401L cells transfected with shRNA targeting SARAF, expression of STIM1 Y316F induced greater SOCE than STIM1 WT. Taken together, our results provide evidence supporting the idea that phosphorylation of STIM1 at Y316 plays a relevant functional role in the activation and modulation of SOCE.
The very-long-chain fatty acid elongase Elo2 rescues lethal defects associated with loss of the nuclear barrier function in fission yeast cells
Authors: Kinugasa Yasuha , Hirano Yasuhiro , Sawai Megumi , Ohno Yusuke , Shindo Tomoko , Asakawa Haruhiko , Chikashige Yuji , Shibata Shinsuke , Kihara Akio , Haraguchi Tokuko , Hiraoka Yasushi 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are confined to the nucleus, which is compartmentalized by the nuclear membranes; these are continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Maintaining the homeostasis of these membranes is an important cellular activity performed by lipid metabolic enzymes. However, how lipid metabolic enzymes affect nuclear membrane functions remains to be elucidated. We found that the very-long-chain fatty acid elongase Elo2 is located in the nuclear membrane and prevents lethal defects associated with nuclear membrane ruptures in mutants of the nuclear membrane proteins Lem2 and Bqt4 in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Lipid composition analysis shows that t20:0/24:0 phytoceramide (a conjugate of C20:0 phytosphingosine and C24:0 fatty acid) is a major ceramide species in S. pombe. The quantity of this ceramide is reduced in the absence of Lem2, and restored by increased expression of Elo2. Furthermore, loss of S. pombe Elo2 can be rescued by its human orthologs. These results suggest that the conserved very-long-chain fatty acid elongase producing the ceramide component is essential for nuclear membrane integrity and cell viability in eukaryotes.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Diverse Exercises Similarly Reduce Older Adults’ Mobility Limitations
Authors: TOLLÁR JÓZSEF , NAGY FERENC , MOIZS MARIANN , TÓTH BÉLA E. , SANDERS LIANNE M. J. , HORTOBÁGYI TIBOR 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction/Purpose
Little is known about the comparative effectiveness of exercise programs, especially when delivered at a high intensity, in mobility-limited older adults. We compared the effects of 25 sessions of high-intensity agility exergaming (EXE) and stationary cycling (CYC) at the same cardiovascular load on measured and perceived mobility limitations, balance, and health-related quality of life in mobility-limited older adults.

Methods
Randomized to EXE (n = 28) and CYC (n = 27), mobility-impaired older adults (age 70 yr) exercised five times per week for 5 wk at 80% of age-predicted maximal heart rate. Waitlisted controls did not exercise (n = 28).

Results
Groups did not differ at baseline in any outcomes (P > 0.05). The primary outcomes (The Short Form-36-Health Survey: EXE, 6.9%; effect size, 2.2; CYC, 5.5%, 1.94; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index: EXE, −27.2%, −3.83; CYC, −17.2, −2.90) improved similarly (P > 0.05). Secondary outcomes, including body mass (−3.7%), depression (−18%), and walking capacity (13.5%) also improved (P < 0.05) similarly after the two interventions. Activities of daily living, Berg Balance Score, BestTest scores, and Dynamic Gait Index improved more (P < 0.05) after EXE than CYC. Center of pressure of standing sway path improved in one of six tests only after EXE (P < 0.05). Postexercise cardiovascular response improved in EXE (P = 0.019). CON did not change in any outcomes (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
When matched for cardiovascular and perceived effort, two diverse high-intensity exercise programs improved health-related quality of life, perceived mobility limitation, and walking capacity similarly and balance outcomes more in mobility-limited older adults, expanding these older adults’ evidence-based exercise options to reduce mobility limitations.
Estimating Energy Expenditure during Level, Uphill, and Downhill Walking
Authors: LOONEY DAVID P. , SANTEE WILLIAM R. , HANSEN ERIC O. , BONVENTRE PETER J. , CHALMERS CHRISTOPHER R. , POTTER ADAM W. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The load carriage decision aid (LCDA) walking equation was developed from literature-aggregated group mean data to calculate standing and level walking energy expenditures in healthy, military-age adults. The LCDA walking equation has not been validated for use in individuals or graded walking.

Purpose
We aimed to validate the LCDA walking equation as a predictor of standing and level walking energy expenditure in individuals and expand to a new graded walking equation for uphill and downhill walking.

Methods
We compiled standing, level walking, and graded walking energy expenditures measured in 95 participants from 11 studies. Walking speeds reached up to 1.96 m·s−1 with grades ranging between −40% and 45%. The LCDA walking equation was validated against the aggregated standing and level walking data. The new LCDA graded walking equation was developed and cross-validated on the graded walking trials. We compared each equation against four reference predictive equations with the standard error of estimation (SEE) as the primary criterion.

Results
The LCDA walking equation accurately estimated standing and level walking energy expenditure (bias, −0.02 ± 0.20 W·kg−1; SEE, 0.20 W·kg−1). Addition of the novel grade term resulted in precise estimates of uphill and downhill walking energy expenditure (bias, 0.09 ± 0.40 W·kg−1; SEE, 0.42 W·kg−1).

Conclusions
The LCDA walking equation is a valid predictor of standing and walking energy expenditure in healthy, military-age individuals. We developed a novel grade term for estimating both uphill and downhill walking energy expenditure with a single equation. Practitioners can use the new LCDA graded walking equation to calculate energy expenditure during standing as well as walking on level, uphill, and downhill slopes.
Resistance Training Induces Antiatherogenic Effects on Metabolomic Pathways
Authors: SARIN HEIKKI V. , AHTIAINEN JUHA P. , HULMI JUHA J. , IHALAINEN JOHANNA K. , WALKER SIMON , KÜÜSMAA-SCHILDT MARIA , PEROLA MARKUS , PELTONEN HEIKKI 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Arising evidence suggests that resistance training has the potential to induce beneficial modulation of biomarker profile. To date, however, only immediate responses to resistance training have been investigated using high-throughput metabolomics whereas the effects of chronic resistance training on biomarker profile have not been studied in detail.

Methods
A total of 86 recreationally active healthy men without previous systematic resistance training background were allocated into (i) a resistance training (RT) group (n = 68; age, 33 ± 7 yr; body mass index, 28 ± 3 kg·m−2) and (ii) a non-RT group (n = 18; age, 31 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 27 ± 3 kg·m−2). Blood samples were collected at baseline (PRE), after 4 wk (POST-4wk), and after 16 wk of resistance training intervention (POST-16wk), as well as baseline and after the non-RT period (20–24 wk). Nuclear magnetic resonance–metabolome platform was used to determine metabolomic responses to chronic resistance training.

Results
Overall, the resistance training intervention resulted in favorable alterations (P < 0.05) in body composition with increased levels of lean mass (~2.8%), decreased levels of android (~9.6%), and total fat mass (~7.5%). These changes in body composition were accompanied by antiatherogenic alterations in serum metabolome profile (false discovery rate < 0.05) as reductions in non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (e.g., free cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterols, low-density lipoprotein cholesterols) and related apolipoprotein B, and increments in conjugated linoleic fatty acids levels were observed. Individuals with the poorest baseline status (i.e., body composition, metabolome profile) benefitted the most from the resistance training intervention.

Conclusions
In conclusion, resistance training improves cardiometabolic risk factors and serum metabolome even in previously healthy young men. Thus, suggesting attenuated risk for future cardiovascular disease.
Serum Endocannabinoid and Mood Changes after Exercise in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: MEYER JACOB D. , CROMBIE KEVIN M. , COOK DANE B. , HILLARD CECILIA J. , KOLTYN KELLI F. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and is responsive to acute exercise in healthy adults.

Purpose
We aimed to describe acute changes in serum eCB across a prescribed moderate (MOD) and a self-selected/preferred (PREF) intensity exercise session in women with major depressive disorder (MDD) and determine relationships between changes in eCB and mood states.

Methods
Women with MDD (n = 17) exercised in separate sessions for 20 min on a cycle ergometer at both MOD or PREF in a within-subjects design. Blood was drawn before and within 10 min after exercise. Serum concentrations of eCB (anandamide [AEA], 2-arachidonoylglycerol) and related lipids (palmitoylethanolamine, oleoylethanolamine, 2-oleoylglycerol) were quantified using stable isotope-dilution, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. The profile of mood states and state-trait anxiety inventory (state only) were completed before, 10 min and 30 min postexercise.

Results
Significant elevations in AEA (P = 0.013) and oleoylethanolamine (P = 0.024) occurred for MOD (moderate effect sizes: Cohen’s d = 0.58 and 0.41, respectively). Significant (P < 0.05) moderate negative associations existed between changes in AEA and mood states for MOD at 10 min (depression, confusion, fatigue, total mood disturbance [TMD] and state anxiety) and 30 min postexercise (confusion, TMD and state anxiety). Significant (P < 0.05) moderate negative associations existed between 2-arachidonoylglycerol and mood states at 10 min (depression and confusion) and 30 min postexercise (confusion and TMD). Changes in eCB or related lipids or eCB–mood relationships were not found for PREF.

Conclusion
Given the broad, moderate–strength relationships between improvements in mood states and eCB increases after MOD, it is plausible that the eCB system contributes to the mood-enhancing effects of prescribed acute exercise in MDD. Alternative mechanisms are likely involved in the positive mood state effects of preferred exercise.
Cárie dentária na América do Sul: realidade entre escolares do Brasil e Argentina
Authors: Gomes Viviane Elisângela , Ferreira Raquel Conceição , Morais Morgana Almeida Souza de , Houri Loliza Chalub Luiz Figueiredo , Bella Marcela Inés , Cornejo Lila Susana , Gigena Pablo Cristian , Verduci Patricia , Zarzar Patrícia Maria de Araújo Pereira , Pordeus Isabela Almeida , Vargas Andrea Maria Duarte , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e 
Published: April 2019

Introdução: este estudo transversal multicêntrico objetivou determinar a proporção de cárie dentária, sua gravidade e atividade em escolares brasileiros e argentinos. Métodos: a amostra foi composta por escolares selecionados por conveniência, 406 do Brasil (Belo Horizonte - MG) e 241 da Argentina (Córdoba-Cba). Os dados foram coletados por seis dentistas previamente treinados e calibrados (kappaintra≥0,63; kappainter≥0,67). A proporção e gravidade da cárie foram medidas pelos índices ceod e CPOD. A alta experiência de cárie foi identificada pelo Significant Caries Index (SiC). A atividade de cárie foi avaliada segundo a reflexão e a textura da superfície (Nyvad et al., 1999) e o Índice de Cuidados ( foi mensurado. Resultados: a proporção de livres de cárie (ceod e CPOD = 0) no Brasil foi de 45,7% e 19,9% na Argentina. O ceod foi de 1,48 (IC95%: 1,26-1,71) e 2,38 (IC95%: 2,0-2,72) entre escolares do Brasil e da Argentina, respectivamente. Nos dois países, o componente cariado foi o mais frequente. Entre os indivíduos com experiência de cárie (ceod > 1 e/ou CPOD > 1), a atividade de cárie esteve presente em 77,5% das crianças examinadas no Brasil e em 26,4% na Argentina. No grupo SiC, o CPOD foi de 2,20 (IC95%: 1,95-2,20) no Brasil e 2,17 (IC95%: 1,91-2,43) na Argentina, e o ceod no Brasil foi de 3,37 (3,01-3,72) e na Argentina 5,56 (5,04-6,07). O Índice de Cuidados foi baixo. Conclusão: em ambos os países, a proporção de crianças com experiência de cárie foi alta. Concentração de carga e atividade de cárie foi encontrada em grupos de polarização. Cabe ressaltar que a cárie dentária na dentição decídua é um problema relevante que necessita de esforços direcionados em ambos os países.
NLRX1 is not involved in the host defense against Escherichia coli induced pyelonephritis
Authors: Kors Lotte , Butter Loes M. , Claessen Nike , Teske Gwendoline J.D. , Girardin Stephen E. , Florquin Sandrine , Leemans Jaklien C. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) are one of the most prominent infections that have serious impact on kidney functioning and the development of chronic kidney disease. NOD-like receptor (NLR)X1 is an innate immune receptor that is important for immune metabolism and regulation, with as yet an unknown role in UTI and the pathophysiology of pyelonephritis. Methods: Wild-type (WT) and NLRX1 Knock-out (KO) female mice were subjected to UTI by intravesically inoculation of uropathogenic E. coli and sacrificed at 24h and 48h after infection after which bacterial burden and the inflammatory response in the bladder and kidney were studied. Ex vivo we studied the role of NLRX1 during the LPS induced pro-inflammatory cytokine response and phagocytosis of E. coli by granulocytes and monocytes. Results: Here, we report that during early experimental UTI NLRX1 absence reduces bacterial clearance in the bladder and dampens the inflammatory cytokine response, whereas in the kidney NLRX1 does not affect bacterial burden or cytokine response. In addition, we found that NLRX1 is not essential for the pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by granulocytes and monocytes in response to LPS nor for bacterial phagocytosis. Conclusion: Together, we report that NLRX1 is important in enhancing the early host defense against uropathogenic E. coli in the bladder but does not affect the development of pyelonephritis.
Effect of the Anti-Inflammatory Diet in People with Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Study
Authors: Zwickey Heather , Horgan Angela , Hanes Doug , Schiffke Heather , Moore Annie , Wahbeh Helané , Jordan Julia , Ojeda Lila , McMurry Martha , Elmer Patricia , Purnell Jonathan Q 
Published: April 2019

Introduction: Inflammation underlies a variety of chronic medical conditions, including diabetes. The anti-inflammatory diet, one that excludes foods that may stimulate inflammation and includes foods that reduce inflammation, may improve inflammatory biomarkers in people with diabetes and pre-diabetes.
Study Design: Thirty participants with diabetes or pre-diabetes were randomized (2:1) in a controlled feeding study that compared the anti-inflammatory diet (n=20) to a control diet (n=10) based on the American Diabetes Association recommendations. Diets were matched for protein, carbohydrate, fat, and fiber content as closely as possible. Participants were fed an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, followed by continued ad libitum feeding in their dietary group assignment for an additional 4 weeks. All meals were prepared by the study team.
Outcomes: Primary outcomes included inflammatory markers, including cytokines and hsCRP. Secondary outcomes included body weight and biomarkers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
Results: Both diets resulted in trends in reduced markers of inflammation, especially with weight loss. In addition, glucose, lipids, and triglycerides all trended downward, also non-significantly and equally in both groups.
Conclusion: Dietary change can improve inflammation as well as other cardiometabolic risk factors. In this study, the anti-inflammatory diet did not affect markers of inflammation more than the control diet.
Flexibles Framework zur Parallelisierung von simulationsbasierten Entwicklungsaufgaben in der Automatisierungstechnik
Authors: Vögeli Desirée , Göhner Peter , Weyrich Michael 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Entwicklung automatisierter Systeme im Bereich der Automatisierungstechnik haben Ingenieure viele Aufgaben oft unter Zeitdruck zu bearbeiten, unter anderem Simulationen. Um Ingenieure bei diesen aufwändigen Simulationsaufgaben zu unterstützen, wird ein Framework vorgestellt, das Simulationen basierend auf strukturiertem Wissen parallel und dezentral koordiniert und durchführt. Hierbei können verschiedene Lösungsansätze eines Problems automatisiert simuliert und miteinander verglichen werden. Komplexe Problemstellungen, d. h. umfangreiche und häufig aus mehreren voneinander abhängigen Teilen bestehende Aufgaben, werden hierzu in Teilprobleme zerlegt und ihre Lösungsansätze separat mit dem jeweils geeignetsten Softwaretool bearbeitet. Zur flexiblen Koordination der dezentralen Simulationen werden kooperierende Softwareagenten eingesetzt. Diese autonomen Einheiten kommunizieren miteinander, um die parallelen Tätigkeiten während eines Simulationsprojekts zu steuern. Evaluiert wird das vorgestellte Konzept anhand der Anwendungsgebiete des Regelungsentwurfs und der multiphysikalischen Simulation. Hierzu wurden entsprechende prototypische Agentensysteme mithilfe des entwickelten Frameworks realisiert. Zusätzlich zum Framework zur parallelen Simulation wird auch ein Konzept zur Ergänzung des Agentensystems um eine lernende Case-Based-Reasoning-Komponente vorgestellt. Durch die Ergänzung des Agentensystems um Lernfähigkeit, konnte die Performance der Simulationen weiter gesteigert werden. Aufgrund der parallel durchgeführten Simulation verschiedener Ansätze mit teils stark variierenden Rechenzeiten, stehen Ergebnisse häufig bereits früher zu Verfügung. Auch die Qualität der Simulationsergebnisse kann durch die Untersuchung verschiedener Ansätze mit dem Agentensystem verbessert werden.
Konzept zur bidirektionalen Transformation zwischen GRAFCET-Spezifikationen und IEC 61131-3 Steuerungscode
Authors: Julius Robert , Fink Viktoria , Uelzen Stefan , Fay Alexander 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag werden ein modellbasiertes Konzept zur Transformation von GRAFCET nach IEC 61131-3 Steuerungscode sowie verschiedene darauf aufbauende Ansätze für die automatische Rücktransformation des manuell geänderten Codes in die GRAFCET-Spezifikation vorgestellt und diskutiert. Diese bidirektionale Transformation kann als Round-Trip-Engineering im Steuerungs-Lebenszyklus verstanden werden.
Physical Compatibility of Intravenous Drugs Commonly Used in Intensive Care Units: An Observational Study and Physical Compatibility Laboratory Tests on Anti-Infective Drugs
Authors: D’Huart Elise , Vigneron Jean , Demoré Béatrice 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The objectives were to perform an observation of the administration of injectable drugs in three ICUs, to identify injectable drugs administered by Y-site infusion or mixed in the same container, to compare with physical compatibility data available in the literature and to test the physical compatibility for missing data.

Methods
An observational study was realised over two weeks and patients receiving more than one injectable drug in the same line simultaneously were included. Physical compatibilities were assessed in pairs by comparing with three databases. For some missing data, three tests were realised for pairs including an anti-infective drug. Visual and subvisual evaluations were performed after the preparation, 1 and a 4-hour storage.

Results
A total of 389 combinations between two injectable drugs was observed for Y-site infusions and 31 mixtures in the same container. According to the literature, 21.1 % associations were physically compatible, 1.8 % as physically compatible potentially, 8.0 % as physically incompatible, 6.4 % have divergent data according to the databases and 62.7 % have no data. Two mixtures were documented. 37 pairs were tested and 70.3 % were physically compatible, 8.1 % were physically incompatible after visual evaluation and 21.6 % after subvisual evaluation.

Conclusions
In the majority of cases, no compatibility data are available in the literature. Laboratory tests give additional information.