bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential of lactic acid bacteria to modulate coffee volatiles and effect of glucose supplementation: fermentation of green coffee beans and impact of coffee roasting
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Sun Jingcan , Lassabliere Benjamin , Yu Bin , Zhao Feifei , Zhao Fangju , Chen Ying , Liu Shao Quan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoffee flavor can be significantly influenced by microbial activities in spontaneous fermentation of coffee cherries. The potential of lactic acid bacteria for flavor modulation through controlled fermentation of green coffee beans has not been explored.RESULTSFermentation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 with and without 1% w/w glucose supplementation led to modification of flavor‐related constituents in green coffee beans, which translated into modulation of coffee volatiles upon roasting. The lactic acid bacteria consumed almost all glucose and fructose, leaving sucrose behind. Amino acids and malic, citric, and succinic acids were partially catabolized. Glucose supplementation enhanced lactic acid production but repressed acetic acid formation. After roasting at 235 °C for 9 min, 12 min, and 15 min, the levels of furfurals in glucose‐supplemented‐fermented coffee were 10.5‐, 2.7‐, and 1.1‐fold higher than those in the controls (nonsupplemented‐unfermented coffee); furthermore, the levels of pyrazines in the controls were 11.9‐, 10.1‐, and 6.5‐fold higher than those in the treated coffee. Glucose‐supplemented fermentation yielded roasted coffee with stronger caramelic and burnt characteristics but weaker nutty notes. In roasted non‐supplemented‐fermented coffee, volatile production was generally reduced, resulting in a milder overall aroma.CONCLUSIONLactic acid fermentation of green coffee beans is a new strategy for coffee flavor modulation, creating novel aroma characteristics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
1H‐NMR‐based water‐soluble low molecular weight compound characterization and fatty acid composition of boiled Wuding chicken during processing
Authors: Xiao Zhichao , Luo Yuting , Wang Guiying , Ge Changrong , Zhou Guanghong , Zhang Wangang , Liao Guozhou 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDBoiled Wuding chicken was produced using whole chicken by washing, boiling 1 h with salt, deep frying, and boiling 2 h. The effect of the process on the water‐soluble low molecular weight (WLOM) compound profiles of products was characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the fatty acid composition of products was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.RESULTSThe metabolome was dominated by 49 WLOM compounds, and 22 fatty acid compounds were detected. Principal component (PC)1 and PC2 explained a total of 93.4% and 3% of variance respectively. Compared with the control group, the total WLOM compound and fatty acid contents of the chicken breast were significantly decreased in the other three processing stages (P < 0.05). Comprehensive multivariate data analysis showed significant differences about precursor substance between the different processing including creatine, lactate, creatinine, glucose, taurine, anserine, and acetate (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThese results contribute to a more accurate understanding of precursor substance changes of flavor in chicken meat during processing. Boiled, treated chicken had significant effects on fatty acid and WLOM compounds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The ambident electrophilic behavior of 5‐nitro‐3‐X‐thiophenes in σ‐complexation processes
Authors: Gabsi Wahiba , Essalah Khalid , Goumont Régis , Tangour Bahoueddine , Boubaker Taoufik 
Published: June 2018

AbstractKinetics of the reactions of 3,5‐dinitrothiophene 1 and 3‐cyano‐5‐nitrothiophene 2 with a series of parasubstituted phenoxide anions 3a–c have been investigated in aqueous solution at 20°C. Two unsubstituted electrophilic centers (C(2) and C(4)) of the two thiophenes have been identified. The Fukui functions correctly predict the C(2) and C(4) atoms as the most electrophilic centers of these electron‐deficient thiophenes 1 and 2. Analysis of the experimental data in terms of Brønsted relationships reveals that the reaction mechanism likely involves a single‐electron transfer (SET) process. The excellent correlations upon plotting the rate constants versus the oxidation potentials Eo values is an additional evidence that reactions between thiophenes and phenoxide anions are proceeding through an initial electron transfer. It is of particular interest to note that the systems studied in this paper provide a rare example of a SET mechanism in σ‐complexation reactions. According to the free energy relationship log k = s(N + E) (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1994, 33, 938–957), the electrophilicity parameters E of the C‐4 and C‐2 positions of the thiophenes have been determined and compared with the reactivities of other ambident electrophiles. On the other hand, the second‐order rate constants for the reactions of these thiophenes with the hydroxide ion has been measured in water and 50% water–50% acetonitrile and found to agree with those calculated theoretically using Mayr's equation from the E values determined in this work and from the previously published N and s parameters of OH−.
Isothiocyanates from Brassica Vegetables—Effects of Processing, Cooking, Mastication, and Digestion
Authors: Oliviero Teresa , Verkerk Ruud , Dekker Matthijs 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe formation of health‐beneficial isothiocyanates (ITCs) from glucosinolates depends on a wide variety of plant‐intrinsic factors (e.g., concentration of glucosinolates, activity of myrosinase, and specifier proteins) and on a multitude of extrinsic postharvest factors such as the conditions used during industrial processing, domestic preparation, mastication, and digestion. All of these factors contribute to a large variability in the formation of ITCs (and other breakdown products), as well as their intake and absorption upon consumption of Brassica vegetables. This uncertainty in ITC intake and absorption is a barrier for the determination of an optimal Brassica vegetable consumption pattern. In this review, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the formation, intake, and absorption of ITCs are described according to the most recent findings. The focus of this review includes the hydrolysis reaction mechanisms, the elucidation of the primary factors that play a role in the hydrolysis reaction, the influence of processing and cooking conditions, the effect of chewing, and the roles of the gastric and upper intestinal phases, including the effect of the meal composition (e.g., the effect of other meal compounds present during digestion) on the potential formation of ITCs.
Organ doses in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac‐centered fluoroscopically guided interventions: Comparison of three methods for computational phantom alignment
Authors: Marshall Emily L. , Borrego David , Fudge James C. , Rajderkar Dhanashree , Bolch Wesley E. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeTo assess various computational phantom alignment techniques within Monte Carlo radiation transport models of pediatric fluoroscopically guided cardiac interventional studies.MethodsLogfiles, including all procedure radiation and machine data, were extracted from a Toshiba infinix‐I unit in the University of Florida Pediatric Catheterization Laboratory for a cohort of 10 patients. Two different alignment methods were then tested against a ground truth standard based upon identification of a unique anatomic reference point within images co‐registered to specific irradiation events within each procedure. The first alignment method required measurement of the distance from the edge of the exam table to the top of the patient's head (table alignment method). The second alignment method fixed the anatomic reference point to be the geometric center of the heart muscle, as all 10 studies were cardiac in nature. Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations were performed for each patient and intervention using morphometry‐matched hybrid computational phantoms for the reference and two tested alignment methods. For each combination, absorbed doses were computed for 28 organs and root mean square organ doses were assessed and compared across the alignment methods.ResultsThe percent error in root mean square organ dose ranged from −57% to +41% for the table alignment method, and from −27% to +22% for the heart geometric centroid alignment method. Absorbed doses to specific organs, such as the heart and lungs, demonstrated higher accuracy in the heart geometric centroid alignment method, with average percent errors of 10% and 1.4%, respectively, compared to average percent errors of −32% and 24%, respectively, using the table alignment method.ConclusionsOf the two phantom alignment methods investigated in this study, the use of an anatomical reference point — in this case the geometric centroid of the heart — provided a reliable method for radiation transport simulations of organ dose in pediatric interventional cardiac studies. This alignment method provides the added benefit of requiring no physician input, making retrospective calculations possible. Moving forward, additional anatomical reference methods can be tested to assess the reliability of anatomical reference points beyond cardiac centered procedures.
Establishing action threshold for change in patient anatomy using EPID gamma analysis and PTV coverage for head and neck radiotherapy treatment
Authors: Piron Ophélie , Varfalvy Nicolas , Archambault Louis 
Published: June 2018

PurposeTo present a new adaptive radiotherapy (ART) method based on relative gamma analysis and patient classification for the identification of anatomical changes that induce a sufficient dosimetric impact to affect the treatment delivery and require complete replanning.MethodsThis retrospective study includes 55 patients treated for a head and neck cancer with IMRT, VMAT, or 3D conformal RT. Electronic Portal Imaging Device images for all treatment fields were acquired daily at every fraction. CBCTs were collected at least once a week. Gamma analysis was performed using the first fraction of the treatment as a reference once validated that it was delivered without error. Gamma analysis parameters (<γ>, standard deviation and the Top 1% γ) were used to define categories using statistic from a k‐means clustering analysis. From these categories an action threshold was defined and correlated with dosimetric changes. For 23 of 55 patients, the V100% for PTV was computed for both, the planning CT and original contours deformed onto CBCT acquired at the last fraction. These values were then compared with 2D image relative γ‐analysis of EPID images. Sensitivity and specificity of the method for the detection of dosimetric changes were computed.ResultsThree categories indicating an increasing level of change with the planned treatment were identified. A threshold was established for which patients were at risk of deviation at <γ> = 0.42. From 23 recomputing plans, it has been confirmed that patients with a strong dosimetric impact were above this threshold, with a specificity of 0.80 and a sensitivity of 0.84.ConclusionsThe specificity and the sensitivity value confirmed the performance of the method to detect anatomical changes. The γ‐analysis threshold correlated well with morphological changes that have a relevant dosimetric impact. Analysis of daily EPID images provides a method to identify patients at risk of deviation from their planned treatment and can support an early replanning decision.
Technical Note: Extension of CERR for computational radiomics: A comprehensive MATLAB platform for reproducible radiomics research
Authors: Apte Aditya P. , Iyer Aditi , Crispin‐Ortuzar Mireia , Pandya Rutu , van Dijk Lisanne V. , Spezi Emiliano , Thor Maria , Um Hyemin , Veeraraghavan Harini , Oh Jung Hun , Shukla‐Dave Amita , Deasy Joseph O. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeRadiomics is a growing field of image quantitation, but it lacks stable and high‐quality software systems. We extended the capabilities of the Computational Environment for Radiological Research (CERR) to create a comprehensive, open‐source, MATLAB‐based software platform with an emphasis on reproducibility, speed, and clinical integration of radiomics research.MethodThe radiomics tools in CERR were designed specifically to quantitate medical images in combination with CERR's core functionalities of radiological data import, transformation, management, image segmentation, and visualization. CERR allows for batch calculation and visualization of radiomics features, and provides a user‐friendly data structure for radiomics metadata. All radiomics computations are vectorized for speed. Additionally, a test suite is provided for reconstruction and comparison with radiomics features computed using other software platforms such as the Insight Toolkit (ITK) and PyRadiomics. CERR was evaluated according to the standards defined by the Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative. CERR's radiomics feature calculation was integrated with the clinically used MIM software using its MATLAB® application programming interface.ResultsThe CERR provides a comprehensive computational platform for radiomics analysis. Matrix formulations for the compute‐intensive Haralick texture resulted in speeds that are superior to the implementation in ITK 4.12. For an image discretized into 32 bins, CERR achieved a speedup of 3.5 times over ITK. The CERR test suite enabled the successful identification of programming errors as well as genuine differences in radiomics definitions and calculations across the software packages tested.ConclusionThe CERR's radiomics capabilities are comprehensive, open‐source, and fast, making it an attractive platform for developing and exploring radiomics signatures across institutions. The ability to both choose from a wide variety of radiomics implementations and to integrate with a clinical workflow makes CERR useful for retrospective as well as prospective research analyses.
Image Simulation and Analysis
Authors: Sengebusch Karsten 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNo image is perfect, except for paintings.We have to deal with various noise sources and image sensor artifacts as well as with diffraction and other geometrical effects. The simulation of such artifacts is a great help during a design process and a perfect method for proof of concepts: Without access to any real hardware it is possible to predict and visualize the performance of opto‐electronic systems.Algorithms for correction or analysis of image data can be developed and evaluated a long time before the imaging hardware is ready to use. The statistical methods used during the simulation process can also be used reversely to provide a deep statistical analysis of already existing images. Such an analysis as well as the comparison with simulated images can help to identify the source of artifacts and design mistakes or even be used during forensic work.Last but not least, the reverse usage of the simulation of diffraction and wave front propagation is a very effective method for the generation of computer generated holograms or DOEs.
Measuring Thin Transparent Films Precisely
Authors: Quinten Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe determination of the thickness of thin transparent films with reflectometry is a well‐established cost‐effective robust method that can be used even in inline measurements. The method is based on measurements of the reflectance of the film and a numerical evaluation of the reflectance either by fast Fourier transform or nonlinear regression. In both cases the significance of the result depends upon several parameters in the used algorithms. We demonstrate how reliable the obtained thickness values are.
Let There Be Structured Light
Authors: Park Georgina , Ritchey Carey , Siddall Joe 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAutomated optical inspection (AOI) is a powerful technique used in many manufacturing settings to provide real‐time, decisive measurements related to part quality. AOI is a great tool for the analysis of product defects, from simple mechanical errors to more complex failure mechanisms. Identifying defective parts early in the line, and either reworking them or rejecting them, can save companies money and help build a stronger product‐quality reputation.
New Illumination Technology for Mask Aligner Lithography
Authors: Paster Martin , Weichelt Tina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNowadays, integrated semiconductor circuits are used as components in nearly every electrical device. This would be difficult to imagine without the application of photolithography, one of the essential manufacturing methods in semiconductor and microsystem technology. In a German research project run by the Friedrich Schiller University Jena in collaboration with the Fraunhofer IOF, the conventionally used mercury vapor lamp for mask aligner lithography has been replaced by a laser from the manufacturer InnoLas Photonics and has opened completely new perspectives.
Metal allergy as a late‐onset complication of the Nuss procedure in a pediatric patient
Authors: Navratil Marta , Batinica Maja , Ivković‐Jureković Irena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe report the case of a 14‐year‐old boy with pectus excavatum who developed a metal allergy to stainless steel bar as a late‐onset complication after the Nuss procedure. He did not have atopic diathesis. Treatment with oral steroids was effective and the metal bar was successfully removed 2 years later.
Pilot study of the optimal protocol of low dose step‐up follicle stimulating hormone therapy for infertile women
Authors: Matsuzaki Toshiya , Iwasa Takeshi , Yanagihara Rie , Komasaka Mizuki , Yano Kiyohito , Mayila Yiliyasi , Tachibana Ayaka , Yamamoto Yuri , Kato Takeshi , Kuwahara Akira , Irahara Minoru 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the optimized protocol of low dose follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) therapy that has a starting dose of 50 IU/62.5 IU with a small increment dose (12.5 IU) for women with World Health Organization (WHO) II ovulatory disorder and unexplained infertility.MethodsAnovulatory women with WHO group II ovulatory disorder (ovulation induction [OI] patients, n = 29), and with an unexplained infertility (ovarian stimulation [OS] patients, n = 21) were enrolled. The protocol of low dose step‐up FSH therapy was optimized for the starting dose as 50 IU (body mass index [BMI] < 20 group) and 62.5 IU (BMI ≥ 20 group) with the increment dose of 12.5 IU. Study outcomes were ovulation, monofollicular development and other variables.ResultsIn the OIpatients, the ovulation rate was 100% (BMI < 20 group) and 90.9% (BMI ≥ 20 group). Monofollicular development was 80.0% (BMI < 20) and 77.3% (BMI ≥ 20). The pregnancy rate was 60% (3/5 BMI < 20) and 18.2% (4/22 BMI ≥ 20). There was no multiple pregnancy. In the OSpatients, the ovulation rate was 100%. Monofollicular development was 85.7% (BMI < 20) and 76.6% (BMI ≥ 20). No pregnancy was achieved in the OSpatients.ConclusionOptimized protocol of low dose FSH therapy setting a starting dose 50 IU/62.5 IU by BMI with an increment dose of 12.5 IU was safe and highly effective in WHO group II anovulatory patients. However, this protocol seemed uneffective for patients with unexplained infertility.
Kalman filtering and sequential Bayesian analysis
Authors: Soyer Refik 
Published: June 2018

In this paper we present an overview of the state of the art in Kalman filtering and dynamic Bayesian linear and nonlinear models. We present some of the basic results including the derivation of Kalman filtering equations as well as recent advances in Kalman filter models and their extensions including non‐Gaussian state‐space models. In so doing, we take a Bayesian perspective and discuss parameter learning in state‐space models which typically involves Markov chain Monte Carlo and sequential Monte Carlo methods. We present particle filtering and Bayesian particle learning techniques for state space models and discuss recent advances.This article is categorized under:Applications of Computational Statistics > Signal and Image Processing and CodingStatistical Models > Bayesian ModelsStatistical Models > Time Series ModelsStatistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Preparation techniques – Making anatomical structures visible
Authors: Schweingruber Fritz H. , Börner Annett 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs the title of this book suggests, the main objective of the book is to explain anatomical structures on the basis of microscopic slides. Since comparability is one of its major goals, most micro-photographs are based on recently prepared microscopic slides. Gärtner & Schweingruber 2013 explain sample design and preparation techniques in detail.
Anatomical adaptations to permanently changed environmental conditions
Authors: Schweingruber Fritz H. , Börner Annett 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAll wood anatomy classification books describe the structure of so-called “normally grown” specimens. Nature, however, also produces a few giants, and many dwarfs. Here the question is raised to which degree local environmental factors modify the morphology and anatomy of stems of individual species. Exemplarily presented are the xylem structures of a few large (giants) and small individuals (dwarfs) of trees and herbs. Larger-thanaverage individuals have experienced mostly favorable growing conditions when they were young, and during their lifetime escaped the effects of extreme growth-limiting factors such as lack of nutrients, water or light, frost, or injury. In contrast, limiting and extreme factors negatively affected growth in small individuals. Giants are the winners, and dwarfs are the losers of competition.
Laparoscopic Partial Sleeve Duodenectomy for the Infra‐Ampullary Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors of the Duodenum
Authors: Choi Sung Hoon , Park Jiae , Kang Chang Moo , Lee Woo Jung 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough organ‐preserving operations are regarded as effective strategies for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), laparoscopic partial sleeve duodenectomy (lap PSD) has not been fully evaluated. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness and technical feasibility of lap PSD.Study designBetween January 2011 and March 2016, we reviewed 13 patients who underwent laparoscopic approach among 22 patients who underwent PSD. PSD for the infra‐ampullary lesions was defined as infra‐ampullary duodenal resection including the first portion of the jejunum. After resection, all patients underwent reconstruction via side‐to‐side duodenojejunostomy.ResultsThe total mean operation time was 273 min (range 160–346 min), and estimated mean blood loss was 80 ml (range scanty‐200 ml). One patient was converted to open laparotomy because of mesocolonic tumor involvement. The median postoperative hospital stay was 10.5 days (range 4–36 days). There were no postoperative mortalities. Postoperative complications included 2 instances of delayed gastric emptying (DGE), 1 duodenojejunostomy stricture, and 2 intestinal obstructions. No patient was treated with adjuvant therapy. One patient experienced hepatic metastasis 28 months after surgery during a mean follow‐up period of 48.6 months.ConclusionLap PSD might be an oncologically effective strategy for duodenal GIST, and the laparoscopic approach is a technically feasible and appealing surgical modality in terms of safety and perioperative results. However, DGE and anastomosis strictures are concerns for postoperative complications, which need to be further investigated.