bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiation of Antipsychotics During the First Year After First‐Episode Psychosis: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Odsbu I. , Hamina A. , Hjellvik V. , Handal M. , Haram M. , Tesli M. , Tanskanen A. , Taipale H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAntipsychotics are recommended after first‐episode psychosis. Knowledge on the current use patterns in real‐world settings is thus important to inform clinical practice. We aimed to describe antipsychotic initiation during 1 year after first‐episode psychosis and its associated factors.MethodsPopulation‐based cohort study using linked nationwide health and population registers from Norway. The study population comprised 8052 persons aged 16–45 years with first‐episode psychosis diagnosed in secondary care (ICD‐10 F20, F22–F29) in the period 2011–2019. Initiation of antipsychotic use was defined as being dispensed antipsychotics (ATC N05A, excl. lithium) at least once from −90 to +365 days from secondary care diagnosis of first‐episode psychosis. Antipsychotic polypharmacy during follow‐up was defined as having at least 90 days with overlapping drug use periods modeled using the Prescriptions to Drug Use Periods method. Adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between socioeconomic and clinical factors and initiation of antipsychotic use were calculated using modified Poisson regression.ResultsIn total, 4413 persons (54.8%) initiated antipsychotic use after first‐episode psychosis with proportions ranging from 45.5% in 2012 to 62.1% in 2019. Oral formulations of olanzapine (34.9%), quetiapine (21.2%), and aripiprazole (11.6%) were most common at initiation, whereas long‐acting injectables (LAIs) and clozapine were rarely used. Among the initiators, 13.8% started a polypharmacy period lasting more than 90 days. Factors associated with antipsychotic initiation were lower age (aRR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.21; 26–35 years vs. 36–45 years), higher education (1.11, 1.05–1.18), being employed (1.04, 1.00–1.09), being hospitalized (1.13, 1.09–1.18), being diagnosed late in the study period (1.16, 1.11–1.22; 2017–2019 vs. 2011–2013), or with previously diagnosed bipolar disorder, depression, or anxiety disorders.ConclusionsThe antipsychotic use pattern is largely within the current clinical guideline. Primary non‐compliance and disease severity may explain the socioeconomic and clinical differences related to initiation of antipsychotic use.
Insights into cosmetic ingredients in the late Northern Song dynasty: A case study from the Shijiatang tomb, southern China
Authors: Han Bin , Zheng Duo , Huang Dujun , Wang Jiamin , Wang Lyuting , Zhang Zixin , Jia Xin , Yang Yimin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe Song dynasty (970–1279 CE) was an era of a prosperous commodity economy, culture and education in China history, with various descriptions of cosmetic usage. However, archaeological evidence for cosmetic application during this period was rare, which hindered comprehensive understanding. During the excavation of the Shijiatang cemetery, two small and exquisite porcelain containers with suspected cosmetics were unearthed from tomb M50, which belonged to a female with an established social position. In this study, ATR‐FTIR, SEM, GC/MS, Py‐GC/MS and GC‐C‐IRMS were used to characterize the residue inside the container, and the results demonstrate that the residue is made of minerals, non‐ruminant animal adipose fat and plant ingredients. In particular, the detection of arundoin and cylindrin indicates that the herbal medicine plant Bai Mao (Imperata cylindrica) was likely used as a cosmetic ingredient by the noble class of the Song dynasty. This study provides a precious example of cosmetic production in the Song dynasty and, together with the prevalence of cosmetic use described in historical records, suggests a boom in the cosmetics industry during that period. Furthermore, the exploitation of natural herbal ingredients reflects a master of herbal knowledge and a trend to use natural products to aid in maintaining beauty.
In‐field prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy and salvage radiation
Authors: Martin Austin , Mahmoud Ahmed M. , Britton Cameron J. , Fadel Anthony , Ahmed Mohamed E. , Sharma Vidit , Childs Daniel S. , Johnson Geoffrey B. , Davis Brian J. , Mynderse Lance , Lomas Derek , Woodrum David , Frendl Daniel , Karnes Jeffrey R. , Tollefson Matthew K. , Kwon Eugene D. , Andrews Jack R. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo define the natural history, patterns of recurrence and treatment modalities for local prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT), and to investigate factors that could predict metastasis‐free survival (MFS) in this unique patient population.MethodsWe queried a prospectively maintained PCa registry to identify men developing in‐field recurrence (IFR) following RP and RT from 2008 to 2021 at a single institution. IFR was defined as biopsy‐proven recurrent PCa or the presence of persistent positron emission tomography‐avid lesions in the prior radiation field without evidence of metastasis. Cox regression was conducted to determine predictors of MFS. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to calculate MFS, cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) for patients in three primary therapy categories: cryoablation, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone, and surveillance.ResultsOf 4575 patients from our registry, 108 (2.3%) with IFR were identified. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) time to IFR from salvage treatment was 78 (50–126) months. A total of 29 patients (26%) were managed with cryoablation, 23 (21%) with ADT, and 28 (25%) with surveillance. The median (IQR) follow‐up was 76 (48–100) months. There were no statistically significant differences in MFS (P = 0.67) or OS (P = 0.07) among the three primary treatment cohorts. Patients treated with ADT or cryoablation had longer CSS compared to patients managed with surveillance (P = 0.047).ConclusionsWe found that IFR may present years after completion of primary treatment for PCa. While curative management strategies may be attempted, local and distant metastatic recurrence is common and often requires systemic therapy.
Association between insulin‐associated gene polymorphisms and new‐onset diabetes mellitus in statin‐treated patients
Authors: Park Minju , Kim Jung Sun , Park Yoon‐A , Lee Da Hoon , Choi Seo‐A , Chang Yoonkyung , Song Tae‐Jin , Gwak Hye Sun , Yee Jeong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile statins are effective at managing lipid levels, there is growing evidence for new‐onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). The insulin signalling pathway (ISP) inhibited by statins is one of the potential mechanisms; however, most studies have been limited to in vitro settings. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the genetic associations within the ISP‐related genes and NODM.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of samples collected prospectively from February 2021 to May 2021. Among ISP‐related genes, we selected 11 candidate genes (IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, INSR, IRS1, IRS2, PIK3CA, PIK3CB, PIK3R1, AKT1 and AKT2). An additional analysis was conducted comparing patients with DM prior to statin therapy and controls to determine whether the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are specific to statin.ResultsA total of 602 patients were analysed, including 71 (11.8%) with statin‐induced NODM. After adjustment, IGF1R rs2715439, INSR rs1799817, INSR rs2059807 and PIK3R1 rs3730089 were found to be independently associated with NODM. In an additional analysis, all SNPs that demonstrated an association with statin‐induced NODM lost their significance in patients with DM prior to statin therapy.ConclusionThis study revealed the ISP‐related genetic effects, specifically involving genes such as INSR, IGF1R and PIK3R1, in the development of statin‐induced NODM. Our findings suggest a potential mechanism of statin‐induced NODM related to ISP‐related genetic variants.
Immune‐related adverse event detection in liver cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: Nationwide exploratory survey in Japan
Authors: Shomura Masako , Okabe Haruka , Sakakibara Maya , Yaguchi Naho , Takahira Sachiko , Sato Emi , Shiraishi Koichi , Arase Yoshitaka , Tsuruya Kota , Hirose Shunji , Mishima Yusuke , Kagawa Tatehiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to comprehensively assess the incidence of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) and the detection systems in place for patients with liver cancer undergoing treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), using a self‐administered anonymous questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to gather crucial insights into the management of irAEs in these patients.MethodsA self‐administered anonymous questionnaire was sent to 456 liver disease collaborative base hospitals and cancer care coordination base hospitals in Japan.ResultsResponses were received from 112 facilities, indicating a response rate of 25%. The region with the highest response rate was Kanto (22%, 24 sites), followed by Kyushu (19%, 21 sites), Chubu (14%, 15 sites), and Kinki (14%, 15 sites). The number of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received ICI treatment varied, with a mean ± SD of 20.4 ± 19.4 cases per year per facility. The number of full‐time physicians who provided ICI treatment for HCC was 4.2 ± 3.3 (mean ± SD), ranging from 0 to 24 per facility. Of these, the majority included hepatologists and oncologists, whose numbers were 3.3 ± 2.4 (mean ± SD) (range, 0–11) and 0.8 ± 1.0 (0–3), respectively. Gastroenterologists and internal medicine specialists participated in the treatment at some facilities.ConclusionsThe survey results revealed that physicians administered ICI therapy for an average of 20 HCC cases per institution, with more than 17 types of irAEs reported. The most common irAEs were hepatic dysfunction, followed by thyroid dysfunction, skin disorders, interstitial pneumonia, and renal dysfunction.
Insights Into the Effects and Implications of Acidic Beverages on Resin Composite Materials in Dental Restorations: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Das Kualsmita , Murthy Chethana S. , Naganath Meena , Mehta Deepak , Anitha Kumari R. , Karobari Mohmed Isaqali , Venkataiah Venkata Suresh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDental composite resins are commonly used due to their excellent physical and mechanical properties. However, exposure to beverages like Coca‐Cola, Apple juice, and Black coffee can negatively impact these materials. This study examined the effects of these drinks on the surface microhardness and surface roughness of Nanohybrid, Giomer, and Dual‐Cure Bulk‐fill resin composites.MethodsSeventy‐two disc‐shaped resin composite specimens were prepared and divided into four groups (n = 18) based on immersion liquid: Group 1 (Coca‐Cola), Group 2 (Apple juice), Group 3 (Black coffee), and Group 4 (Distilled water). The composites were further categorized into NeoSpectra (Subgroup 1), Beautifil II (Subgroup 2), and Predicta (Subgroup 3). Specimens were immersed for 14 days, alternating 18 h in beverages and 6 h in distilled water daily. Microhardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester, and surface roughness was analyzed by atomic force microscopy. Data were assessed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, with significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsAll groups experienced significant decrease in microhardness and surface roughness. Coca‐Cola led to the highest roughness and hardness reduction. Among composites, the Nanohybrid resin (NeoSpectra) showed the least alteration.ConclusionNeoSpectra ST, a nanohybrid composite, demonstrated superior resistance to acidic beverages compared to Giomer and Bulk‐fill composites.Clinical SignificanceThe study finds that out of three composite materials, nanohybrid composites are the most acid resistant which provides a suitable material for patients who consume acidic beverages more frequently. In this way, clinicians can use this information to help optimally increase the longevity of their restorations by selecting materials according to oral exposure levels of acids in their patients.
Information Needs Among Thai Women Breast Cancer Patients During the Initial Treatment Phase: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Rattanakanlaya Kanittha , Anusasananun Boonchoo , Chaisurin Patcharin , Chitapanarux Imjai , Onchan Wimrak , Sajjaprakasit Suchada , Sanguansak Penchan , Iamruksa Srisuda 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo examine the information needs of breast cancer patients during the initial phase of treatment and to analyse the factors that influenced these needs.BackgroundProviding comprehensive and timely information during early breast cancer treatment is crucial for informed decision‐making and effective coping. Healthcare providers must address these needs to enhance patient support and improve outcomes.DesignA cross‐sectional study was reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.MethodsA total of 123 post‐mastectomy patients were selected through purposive sampling and completed the Thai version of the Sri Lankan Information Needs Assessment Questionnaire‐BC (SINAQ‐BC). Direct associations between demographic data and information needs were analysed descriptively, while bivariate analysis and linear regression were used to identify significant predictors of information needs.ResultsThe findings revealed that patients exhibited high overall information needs (224.7/260.0), with the greatest demand focused on physical care, treatment and diagnosis. In contrast, needs related to disease specifics and psychosocial care were less prominent. A total of 94 respondents (76.4%) expressed a particularly high demand for information regarding physical care. Education level was identified as an influencing factor, accounting for 7.7% of the variance in information needs among women with breast cancer.ConclusionsPatients with higher education levels had significantly greater information needs. Nursing staff should provide customised information packages that are tailored to the participants' education levels. Further testing of the Thai version of the SLINQ‐BC would also be warranted.Implications for Patient CarePatients are increasingly expected to manage their own care even as medical treatment grows more complex and technical. Nursing staff can contribute to the care of patients by being ready to evaluate, monitor and address breast cancer patient's individual information needs in the early stage of treatment based on factors such as educational level.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution because the nature of the study's design, data analysis and writing did not require patient or public contribution.
Interactive effects of CO2, temperature, and nitrate limitation on the growth and physiology of strain CCMP 1334 of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus (Cyanophyceae)
Authors: Sharbaugh Alyssa K. , Laws Edward A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe marine cyanobacterium Synecococcus sp. (CCMP 1334) was grown in a continuous culture system on a 12:12 h light:dark cycle at all combinations of low and high pCO2 (400 and 1000 ppmv, respectively), nutrient availability (nitrate‐limited and nutrient‐replete conditions), and temperatures of 21, 24, 28, 32, and 35°C. The maximum nutrient‐replete growth rate was ~1.15 day−1 at 32–35°C. Median nutrient‐replete growth rates were higher at 1000 ppmv than at 400 ppmv pCO2 at all temperatures. Carbon:nitrogen ratios were independent of pCO2 at a fixed relative growth rate (i.e., growth rate ÷ nutrient‐replete growth rate) but decreased with increasing temperature. Carbon:chlorophyll a ratios were decreased monotonically with increasing temperature and were higher under nitrate‐limited than nutrient‐replete conditions. Ratios of phycoerythrin to chlorophyll a were independent of growth conditions. Productivity indices were independent of temperature and nutrient limitation but were consistently higher at 1000 ppmv than 400 ppmv pCO2. Both growth rates and dark respiration rates were positively correlated with temperature, and the associated Q10 values were 2.2 and 2.3, respectively. A model of phytoplankton growth in which cellular carbon is allocated to structure, storage, or the light or dark reactions of photosynthesis accounted for the general patterns of cell composition and growth rate. This strain of Synechococcus appears well suited to changes in environmental conditions that are expected as the climate warms in response to anthropogenic emissions of CO2.
Automated detection of migrating Gray whales and measurement of their bearing in satellite imagery
Authors: Rodofili Esteban Nicolas , Houegnigan Ludwig , Lecours Vincent , Klarenberg Geraldine , Cuesta Eduardo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSatellite images could aid in studying baleen whale migration routes given their extensive spatial coverage. We developed two object‐based image analysis (OBIA) workflows to automatically detect migrating whales and their orientation. We used three sections of a Worldview‐3 satellite image off California with migrating gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), alternating training and testing under a three‐fold approach in eCognition, with three classes: whale, water, and confounding objects (e.g., sea foam). After a workflow with 202 classification features, we applied feature selection through a minimum redundancy maximum relevance algorithm and retained 15 features. This selection was used in a second workflow which yielded fewer false negatives (FNs) and especially, fewer false positives (FPs) (22.6% vs. 11.1% FNs rate, 7599.6% vs. 1352.6% FP over detectable rate). While FPs were still considerable, image grid cells to review were reduced to less than 3% of cells for full manual analysis. Using Moore's test for paired circular data, we failed to find significant differences between manual and both automated or semiautomated orientation measurements (corrected for whales measured from head to tail). Most whales were oriented in the southeastern quadrant. The results are promising for satellite image studies of migration routes.
The experiences of cardiovascular surgeons and nurses with mutual support through interprofessional collaboration in the intensive care unit
Authors: Dener Hümeyra , Elçin Melih 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the need for radical approaches in its Global Patient Safety Action Plan, particularly in terms of interprofessional and multidisciplinary approaches. The plan highlights the importance of providing training on patient safety for all professionals, focusing on team and task‐based strategies that include bedside and simulation education. TeamSTEPPS® (Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety) is an educational programme developed to teach health care professionals on specific tools and strategies to enhance basic teamwork skills. Mutual support, one of the teamwork skills described in TeamSTEPPS®, involves team members assisting one another, providing and receiving feedback on performance, and advocating assertively when patient safety is threatened.AimThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of cardiovascular surgeons and nurses with mutual support through interprofessional collaboration in the intensive care unit (ICU) at Hacettepe University.Study DesignThe study employed a basic qualitative research design. The data were gathered through in‐depth interviews and analysed with inductive content analysis in accordance with Elo and Kyngäs. We used the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist to describe and report the components of study design.ResultsWe interviewed 13 participants: 6 surgeons and 7 nurses. Six themes were identified: mutual support, positiveness of working in a supportive environment, feedback, effective communication, patient safety and conflict resolution.ConclusionThe results of our study revealed that intra/inter‐professional collaboration and mutual trust based on the variety of individual and workplace‐related factors improved patient safety through individual motivation while monitoring and supporting each other in a positive environment, providing feedback and encouraging effective communication, patient advocacy and conflict resolution.Relevance to Clinical PracticeExploring the experiences, challenges and successes of health care workers in interprofessional collaboration is crucial. Understanding team dynamics, communication barriers and collaboration strategies can help promote more effective teamwork and contribute to the development of plans to improve the quality of patient care.
No country for model minorities: Evidence of discrimination against Asian noncitizen immigrants in the U.S. nursing home market
Authors: Xu Chengxin , Lee Danbee 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough public administration scholars have long been studying discriminative behavior of frontline servants of public service organizations, whether and to what extent Asians and noncitizen immigrants may suffer from frontline discrimination in the United States lacks evidential support. To fill this gap, we conducted a corresponding field experiment in the U.S. nursing home market (N = 6428). Our findings identify substantial discrimination against Asians and noncitizen immigrants. Holding other factors constant, nursing homes with long‐term care services in the United States are less responsive to and less likely to offer services to Asians and noncitizen immigrants, compared to Whites and citizens, respectively. Such discrimination is observed in all public, private for‐profit, and nonprofit nursing homes, whereas private for‐profit nursing homes demonstrated less discrimination. This study has implications for describing frontline discrimination in government‐regulated public service organizations and for scholarly understanding of the mechanism of such discrimination.
POSITIVE VS. COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES IN TOMO KAN DOGON: WHICH OF THEM ARE BASIC?
Authors: Dyachkov Vadim 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article deals with the syntax of positive and comparative adjectives in Tomo Kan (< Dogon < Niger‐Congo). I show that the system of adjectives in this language presents a possible counterexample to the generalization made by some recent theories whereby positive forms cannot be more complex morphologically than comparative forms. Contrary to that, I show that positive predicative forms (but not attributive ones) are morphologically simpler than adjectival stems used in comparative constructions. In order to account for this asymmetry, I propose that complexity associated with the non‐comparative forms is due to language‐internal syntactic factors and is not associated with the overt exponence of positive semantics (‘be A'). However, I also show that there are reasons to believe that adjectival stems are inherently comparative in Tomo Kan.