bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis and Energy Saving Potential of Room Integrated PCM Wallboards for Passive Cooling Application
Authors: Chhugani B , Yasin M , Klinker F , Weinlaeder H , Weismann S , Reim M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Phase Change Materials (PCMs) can enhance thermal mass and energy efficiency in lightweight buildings. In this work, the thermal behaviour of plasterboards with incorporated microencapsulated PCM is investigated. These PCM wallboards are mounted in office rooms of the Energy Efficiency Center (EEC) in Würzburg (Germany). The experimental results show that the PCM wallboards can provide a passive cooling power of up to 8.4 W/m2. However, the regeneration behaviour of PCM during the night critically influences their thermal performance for the next day. In the period from April to September of the years 2015 and 2016, the average regenerated (solid) fraction of the PCM in the wallboards at the beginning of each day was only 20 %, even though the regeneration is supported by the nightly operation of cooling ceilings. In order to improve the thermal performance of the wallboards this problem has to be addressed. Therefore, a case study is performed with the thermal building simulation software TRNSYS 17. In this simulation, a night ventilation is used to enhance PCM regeneration, whereas active cooling by means of the cooling ceiling only takes place during the day. The simulations were carried out for two PCMs differing in the melting range. The simulation results reveal that the regeneration of the PCM wallboards could be increased by a factor of 2, which directly increases the latent heat storage capacity in rooms and reduces the temperature rise during daytimes. Compared to a reference room without PCM wallboards, the electrical energy demand for active room cooling is reduced by 30 %.
Potted Plants as Active and Passive Biofilters Improving Indoor Air Quality
Authors: Sowa J , Hendiger J , Maziejuk M , Sikora T , Osuchowski Ł , Kamińska H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Plants are the planet’s source of oxygen and the sink that removes carbon dioxide produced by burning, respiration and decay of organisms. The studies performed in small chambers indicated that plants also reduce volatile organic compounds (VOC’s). All these phenomena result in a fact that potted plants have a potential to improve IAQ and to some extent to support ventilation. Trends to “go green” increase the growing interest in the introduction of a large number of plants to offices. One should remember that work in modern offices is often associated with a high level of stress. Ornamental plants give highly significant reductions in negative mood states – reductions in anger, anxiety, depression, confusion, fatigue and stress. Leaves provide also additional sound attenuation and cooling effect due to evaporation. The paper summarises the R&D project devoted to the development of the efficient, safe and competitive systems of biofiltration based on the properties of potted plants. The paper presents examples of laboratory tests and describes first experiences from applications in two pilot office buildings.
Decoherence of quantum Brownian particle trapped in a penning potential in a non-commutative space
Authors: Martin Tchoffo , Armel Azangue Koumetio , Germain Yiande Deuto , Giresse Tene Alain , Cornelius FAI Lukong 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the influence of non-commutativity on quantum systems interacting with the environment in the Penning trap potential is studied. The considered system is a Brownian particle expressed in non-commuting spatial coordinates coupled to a set of harmonic oscillators (environment). The equilibrium state of the total system has been evaluated using the fluctuation dissipation theorem. The effective parameters of the system are evaluated and compared with those of the system in commutative space. We found that non-commutativity effects give rise to an increase in decoherence in the system, and negative heat capacity confirms the presence of self-gravitation effects induced by non-commutativity.
Constitutive innate immunity of tropical House Wrens varies with season and reproductive activity
Authors: Tieleman B Irene , Versteegh Maaike A , Klasing Kirk C , Williams Joseph B 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn lowland Neotropical regions, where air temperature and day length remain relatively constant year round, seasonality is determined primarily by changes in rainfall. The wet season triggers the start of breeding for many Neotropical birds but also alters the antigenic environment, likely increasing the risk of disease transmission. We explored 2 hypotheses about temporal variation in constitutive innate immunity of a Neotropical bird, the House Wren (Troglodytes aedon). The antigen response hypothesis proposes that Neotropical wrens upregulate their immune function in the wet season either in anticipation of or in response to vectors that become more prevalent. The resource constraint hypothesis proposes that during periods of putative high resource demand, such as when parents are feeding young, immune function should be compromised and downregulated. Controlling for reproductive stage, we found that microbicidal capacity of blood against Escherichia coli was higher in the wet than the dry season, consistent with the antigen response hypothesis. Phagocytosis of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus did not differ between wet and dry seasons. Microbicidal capacity and H/L ratio of tropical House Wrens did not vary among reproductive stages, and our data offered no support for the idea that immune function is compromised during the period when parents are feeding young.
Track-Change Diplomacy: Technology, Affordances, and the Practice of International Negotiations
Authors: Adler-Nissen Rebecca , Drieschova Alena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow does technology influence international negotiations? This article explores “track-change diplomacy,” that is, how diplomats use information and communication technology (ICT) such as word processing software and mobile devices to collaboratively edit and negotiate documents. To analyze the widespread but understudied phenomenon of track-change diplomacy, the article adopts a practice-oriented approach to technology, developing the concept of affordance: the way a tool or technology simultaneously enables and constrains the tasks users can possibly perform with it. The article shows how digital ICT affords shareability, visualization, and immediacy of information, thus shaping the temporality and power dynamics of international negotiations. These three affordances have significant consequences for how states construct and promote national interests; how diplomats reach compromises among a large number of states (as text edits in collective drafting exercises); and how power plays out in international negotiations. Drawing on ethnographic methods, including participant observation of negotiations between the European Union's member states, as well as in-depth interviews, the analysis casts new light on these negotiations, where documents become the site of both semantic and political struggle. Rather than delivering on the technology's promise of keeping track and reinforcing national oversight in negotiations, we argue that track-change diplomacy can in fact lead to a loss of control, challenging existing understandings of diplomacy.
Competitive Intervention, Protracted Conflict, and the Global Prevalence of Civil War
Authors: Anderson Noel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article develops a theory of competitive intervention in civil war to explain variation in the global prevalence of intrastate conflict. I describe the distortionary effects competitive interventions have on domestic bargaining processes and explain the unique strategic dilemmas they entail for third-party interveners. The theory uncovers the conditional nature of intervention under the shadow of inadvertent escalation and moves beyond popular anecdotes about “proxy wars” by deriving theoretically grounded propositions about the strategic logics motivating intervener behaviors. I then link temporal variation in patterns of competitive intervention to recent decreases in the prevalence and average duration of internal conflicts. The theory is tested with a quantitative analysis of all civil wars fought between 1975 and 2009 and a qualitative case study of the Angolan civil war (1975–1991). My results underscore the importance of a generalizable account of competitive intervention that not only explains past conflicts, but also informs contemporary policy.
Optimized meropenem dosage regimens using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic population approach in patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration with high-adsorbent membrane
Authors: Padullés Zamora A , Juvany Roig R , Leiva Badosa E , Sabater Riera J , Pérez Fernández X L , Cárdenas Campos P , Rigo Bonin R , Alía Ramos P , Tubau Quintano F , Sospedra Martinez E , Colom Codina H 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
The pharmacokinetics (PK) of antibiotics change during sepsis and continuous renal replacement therapies in critically ill patients. Limited evidence exists on the use of the oXiris® high-adsorbent membrane.

Objectives
To develop a PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) model for meropenem in critically ill sepsis patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) with the oXiris® membrane, and to design an optimal dosing regimen assessed according to the PTA.

Methods
A prospective, open-label, observational PK trial was performed (EUDRACT 2011-005902-30). We conducted PK studies (plasma and ultrafiltrate) for at least 24 h after concomitant administration of CVVHDF and meropenem 1 g q8h. We constructed a PK model using the non-linear mixed-effects approach (NONMEM 7.3). We evaluated the suitability of different dosage regimens using Monte Carlo simulations and calculated the PTA as the percentage of subjects achieving a given percentage of time above the MIC (fT>MIC).

Results
The PK of meropenem was best captured by a two-open-compartment model with zero-order input kinetics and first-order elimination. Extracorporeal CL was 7.78 L/h [relative standard error (RSE) 16.45 L/h] and central compartment V (Vc) was 24.9 L (RSE 13.73 L). Simulations showed that, for susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (EUCAST MIC ≤2 mg/L) and attainment of 100%fT>MIC, 500 mg q8h given as extended (EI) or continuous infusion (CI) would be sufficient. For a target of 100%fT>4×MIC, CI of 3000 mg q24h or 2000 mg q8h administered as EI or CI would be required.

Conclusions
We have constructed a PK model of meropenem in sepsis patients undergoing CVVHDF using the oXiris® membrane. This tool will support physicians when calculating the optimal initial dose.
Navigation bronchoscopy: A new tool for pulmonary infections
Authors: Ashraf Syed Faaz , Lau Kelvin K W 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInfections remain a common cause of lung nodules, masses, and cavities. Safe tissue sampling is required to establish a diagnosis, differentiate between malignant and infectious causes, and provide microbiological material for characterization and sensitivity analysis. Tissue samples could be obtained bronchoscopically, percutaneously, or through surgical biopsy. Among these, bronchoscopy is the safest by avoiding the complications of pleural and chest wall puncture including pneumothorax, pain, pleural contamination and empyema, and hemothorax. However, the diagnostic yield with conventional bronchoscopy for small, peripheral lesions is poor. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is a technique where the bronchoscope and working channel are guided through the bronchial tree to accurately reach a peripheral lesion. It dramatically improves on the diagnostic yield of peripheral lesions especially of small lesions, and its role has developed beyond diagnosis to treatment enablement and to direct therapy. Its role in infection is less defined, but it has value especially in the diagnosis of fungal and mycobacterial infections and in cavitating lesions. This review will explore what electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy is, its use in diagnosis and therapy, and its role in the management of pulmonary infections. The potential for local therapy delivery for infection is also discussed.
Being Part of Something Bigger Than Ourselves
Authors: Blustein David L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the ways in which work provides people with a sense of contributing to the broader social and economic well-being of a community. Initially, a review of the experience of social contribution and prosocial behavior at work is provided. This is followed by vignettes from the Boston College Working Project participants, whose insights into the ways that meaning and mattering, direct and indirect social contribution, and deriving meaning from impacting others explicated the depth and nuance of striving to be part of something bigger than ourselves. The chapter concludes with a review of work as a calling and job crafting, as well as implications for policy about work.
Being Motivated and Being the Best We Can Be
Authors: Blustein David L. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores the role of motivation in contemporary work. Beginning with an overview of motivation in the recent history of working, the role of the Hawthorne effect and contributions on flow provide a contrasting view of both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The narrative excerpts from the participants of the Boston College Working Project identified the role of creating and accomplishing, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, personal attributes related to motivation, relationships and motivation, and the role of competition in motivation. The chapter concludes with a review of promising new directions in motivation, including self-determination and organizational justice, culminating in a discussion of how work-based policies need to support and nurture our natural striving to accomplish and do well at work.
Foundations
Authors: Budasz Rogério 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines the conventions of Iberian theater with music from the mid-sixteenth to the early eighteenth century, as they surface in written sources and theatrical practices primarily related to Brazilian contexts. It presents an overview of the main theatrical genres, character types, and standard plots and the basic structure of theatrical functions, as well as the role of music in Jesuit autos and tragédias, religious oratorios, and secular comédias and entremezes. The chapter discusses the pedagogical function of musical theater in the early colonial period and the use of Latin, Spanish, Portuguese, and indigenous languages in these plays. It also examines the work of Brazil-born aficionados and playwrights in Europe and their role in the development of music-dramatic arts in Brazil and abroad.
The Group Experience in Camping
Authors: Schwartz William , Shulman Lawrence 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
“The Group Experience in Camping: Observations from Schwartz and Shulman” pairs an April 1960 article by social worker William Schwartz with commentary by Lawrence Shulman, who has continued to enhance Schwartz’s Mutual Aid or Interactional model of group work. Schwartz explores some factors inherent in the resident camp setting as a unique group experience: the compressed time frame, the rapid demand for intimacy, being away from home and “insulated” from the outside world. All these aspects produce intense cabin-group interaction. Schwartz discusses several implications related to the camp milieu that impact the individual camper. Shulman introduces the article by providing a snapshot of Schwartz’s perspective and follows the article with an analysis proposing that Schwartz’s 1960 article represents a way-station en route to the model he elaborated in 1961.
Urban Growth Machines—But at What Scale?
Authors: Brenner Neil 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Theories of the urban growth machine have long been a central analytical tool for contemporary research on urban governance. But in what sense are growth machines, in fact, “urban”? To what degree must “the city” serve as the spatial locus for growth machine strategies? To address such questions, this chapter critically evaluates the influential work of urban sociologists John Logan and Harvey Molotch on US growth machine dynamics. In contrast to an influential line of critique that reproaches these authors for their putative methodological localism, it is argued that their framework is, in fact, explicitly attuned to the role of interscalar politico-institutional relays in the construction of urban growth machines. These considerations lead to a dynamically multiscalar reading of the national institutional frameworks that have facilitated the formation of growth machines at the urban scale during the course of US territorial development. This analysis has broad methodological implications for the comparative-historical investigation of urban governance.
Introduction to Teaching Piano Pedagogy
Authors: Crappell Courtney 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The introduction offers an overview of the book’s central themes and provides guidance to readers about how to approach it in the most productive way. It begins by presenting the educational philosophy that forms the basis for the book’s content. In brief, the central principle of this philosophy is that learning comes from within, not from without. After outlining the purpose and methodology, the introduction also describes the book’s intended audience. Since it appeals to readers with various backgrounds and training, the introduction also serves to provide guidance for how readers might choose to explore the text. It concludes with an overview of the book’s organization, which includes the introduction and ten chapters.
Occupying Schools, Occupying Land
Authors: Tarlau Rebecca 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Contrary to the conventional belief that social movements cannot engage the state without becoming co-opted and demobilized, this study shows how movements can advance their struggles by strategically working with, in, through, and outside of state institutions. The success of Brazil’s Landless Workers Movement (MST) in occupying land, winning land rights, and developing alternative economic enterprises for over a million landless workers has made it an inspiration for progressive organizations globally. The MST’s educational initiatives, which are less well known but equally as important, teach students about participatory democracy, collective work, agroecological farming, and other practices that support its socialist vision. This study details how MST activists have pressured municipalities, states, and the federal government to implement their educational proposal in public schools and universities, affecting hundreds of thousands of students. Based on twenty months of ethnographic fieldwork, Occupying Schools, Occupying Land documents the potentials, constraints, failures, and contradictions of the MST’s educational struggle. A major lesson is that participating in the contentious co-governance of public education can help movements recruit new activists, diversify their membership, increase practical and technical knowledge, and garner political power. Activists are most effective when combining disruption, persuasion, negotiation, and co-governance into their tactical repertoires. Through expansive leadership development, the MST implemented its educational program in local schools, even under conservative governments. Such gains demonstrate the potential of schools as sites for activists to prefigure, enact, and develop the social and economic practices they hope to use in the future.
The Problem
Authors: Buzsáki György 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This chapter reviews how empiricist philosophy shaped the dominant outside-in thinking in neuroscience that gave rise to the perception-decision-action framework. In contrast, the inside-out framework takes action as the primary source of knowledge. Action validates the meaning and significance of sensory signals by providing a second opinion. The chapter also compares the relationship between “blank slate” and preconfigured brain models. It describes the brain as a sort of “dictionary” with preexisting internal dynamics and syntactical rules, filled initially with nonsense neuronal words. These nonsense words acquire significance for the animal through exploratory action and represent a distinct event or situation. Preconfigured neuronal networks can generalize and provides fast and “good-enough” solutions under many situations, while detailed and precise computation mobilizes a large fraction of brain resources.
Internally Organized Cell Assembly Trajectories
Authors: Buzsáki György 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Sequences of neuronal patterns are not always imposed on brain circuits in an outside-in manner by the sensory inputs. Internally organized processes can sustain self-organized and coordinated neuronal activity even without external inputs. A prerequisite of cognition is the availability of internally generated neuronal sentences. Self-generated, sequentially evolving activity is the default state of affairs in most neuronal circuits. Neuronal activity moves perpetually, and its trajectory depends only on initial conditions. Large recurrent networks can generate an enormous number of trajectories without prior experience. On the other hand, each is available to be matched by experience to “represent” something useful for the downstream reader mechanisms. The richness of the information depends not on the numbers of generated sequences but on the reader mechanisms. It is typically the reader structure that initiates the transfer of information, coordinating the onset of messages from multiple senders.
The Brain’s Best Guess
Authors: Buzsáki György 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this final chapter, I propose that behavior-based calibration of perceptions and abstract representations are constrained by a preconfigured brain. The nervous system may have evolved to mimic the statistical probabilities of the physical world and the behavior of already existing species and thus become an efficient predictor of events. Because of their high diversity, neurophysiological and perceptual brain dynamics, both spanning several orders of magnitude, share a common mathematical foundation: the log rule. The tails of these wide and skewed distributions have apparently distinct qualitative features that we describe by discrete words, such as familiar and novel, rigid and plastic, good-enough and precise. Yet every novel situation contains elements of familiarity. Brain correlates of newly acquired experience are not created in the sense of adding new neuronal words to an ever-expanding vocabulary. Instead, the preconfigured brain is a dictionary in which the behavioral significance or meaning of initially nonsense neuronal words is acquired through exploration.
Introduction
Authors: Antonello Alessandro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This introduction situates this book within the fields of Antarctic, environmental, and international history. It poses the central question of the book: How did Antarctica transform from a cold, abiotic, and sterile wilderness into a fragile environment and ecosystem demanding international protection and management? It outlines how both parties to the Antarctic Treaty and scientists have sought order, stability, power, and authority in geopolitical, institutional, conceptual, and epistemic realms. It argues for reading international treaties as complex texts that articulate and shape human-environment relationships. It further argues for an approach to international environmental history that balances understanding the material reality of the physical environment with a range of imaginative and conceptual understandings of it. The chapter provides a concise guide to the development of Antarctic geopolitics after 1945, as well as a gloss of the Antarctic Treaty.