bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuing care in rural Alberta: A scoping review
Authors: Brassolotto Julia , Haney Carly‐Ann , Hallstrom Lars , Scott David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAcross Canada the demand for continuing care services is increasing. However, little is known about the implications this has for rural communities. This scoping review identifies several key themes in the literature related to continuing care in Alberta. These include contextual factors, quality assurance and improvement, and workforce issues. We identify the ways in which rural dynamics are included in, or omitted from, this literature and recommend areas for future research on rural continuing care provision. Further research on residential care services in rural communities should work towards bridging the rural health, academic, and organizational literature on continuing care. This synthesis will help to position rurality as a determinant of health and to situate continuing care services in specific rural settings.
Necrobiosis lipoidica associated with sarcoidosis
Authors: Lee Jack , Flowers Richard H. , Cocks Margaret M. , Noland Mary‐Margaret B. 
Published: September 2018

We report the case of a 40‐year‐old African‐American female with biopsy‐proven pulmonary sarcoidosis who developed atrophic plaques on her shins, trunk, and scalp that were clinically and histologically consistent with necrobiosis lipoidica (NL). The lesions appeared 3 years after her diagnosis of sarcoidosis, and progressed despite chronic prednisone.Sarcoidosis and NL are granulomatous skin disorders reported to coexist in the same patient only 10 times in the literature. Including the current case, patients have been exclusively females around middle age, and have greater tendencies to develop typical cutaneous sarcoidosis. The incidence of diabetes is rare in this group. Like typical NL, NL associated with sarcoidosis tends to ulcerate, and is difficult to treat. Interestingly, there are six similar cases reported in the literature of patients with sarcoidosis who developed lesions clinically and behaviorally consistent with NL, but received a final histological diagnosis of sarcoidosis. These cases share very similar demographics and clinical features with cases of true NL associated with sarcoidosis, and often have more ambiguous histology containing features of both cutaneous sarcoidosis and NL. Comparing the two sets of cases raises the possibility of a final common disease pathway shared by these two granulomatous skin disorders.
Can the Trading System Survive US–China Trade Friction?
Authors: Lawrence Robert Z. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDonald Trump has sought to change US trading relationships by raising protection at home and taxing the offshore activities of US companies abroad. These measures, which both use and violate trade rules, have provoked retaliation from other countries. Such friction has restricted and distorted trade and investment, undermined the rules‐based trading system and perhaps permanently damaged global value chains that depend on stable rules for market access. Trump has justified some of his measures as a response to China's alleged unfair practices and indeed, China has adopted industrial and technology policies that are formally neutral between domestic and foreign firms but in practice have led foreign firms to complain about discriminatory practices that favor Chinese firms. The US friction with China is unfortunate because instead of trying to bully China into submission in a tariff war, the US could have dealt with many of its concerns more effectively by cooperating with other countries and taking actions that are consistent with maintaining the rules‐based system. While the US has undermined its leadership role, the overall damage to the trading system could still be limited if other countries, especially China, take actions that sustain and strengthen it.
Topography explains the distribution of genetic diversity in one of the most fragile European hotspots
Authors: Blanco‐Pastor José Luis , Fernández‐Mazuecos Mario , Coello Alberto J. , Pastor Julia , Vargas Pablo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate factors that explain the spatial pattern of genetic diversity in three closely related species (Linaria glacialis, Linaria nevadensis and Chaenorhinum glareosum) endemic to a fragile high mountain ecosystem.LocationThe alpine belt of Sierra Nevada, Spain.MethodsWe analysed the spatial pattern of cpDNA diversity of the three species. To explain the distribution of genetic diversity, we investigated the effect of topographic features and the evolutionary history of the species (demography, habitat availability and colonization dynamics).ResultsGenetic diversity was heterogeneous across the landscape. We found moderate positive correlation values between genetic diversity indices of the two Linaria species. We also observed moderate negative correlation values between genetic diversity indices of C. glareosum and those of L. glacialis and L. nevadensis. Topographic variables correlated positively with genetic diversity of the Linaria species and negatively with genetic diversity of C. glareosum. Bayesian skyline plots (BSPs) displayed a shared demographic pattern with a population size stabilization/increase since the LGM (the last 21 kyr) in all three species. Discrete phylogeographical analyses showed similar patterns of westward diffusion for L. nevadensis and C. glareosum. Species distribution models pointed to similar range dynamics in all three species, with a reduction in range size since the LGM.Main conclusionsDifferent dispersal abilities, demographic trends and colonization patterns can hardly explain the differences in spatial patterns of genetic diversity between the Linaria species and C. glareosum. In contrast, topographic features seem to be an important factor to explain the distribution of genetic diversity in the alpine belt of Sierra Nevada. We point to a relevant role of microniche partitioning in determining patterns of genetic diversity distribution in alpine Mediterranean ecosystems. Furthermore, we highlight the role of microhabitat heterogeneity in the maintenance of distinct lineages, species and genetic diversity in high mountain biodiversity hotspots.
Dynamical ventral tegmental area circuit mechanisms of alcohol‐dependent dopamine release
Authors: di Volo Matteo , Morozova Ekaterina O. , Lapish Christopher C. , Kuznetsov Alexey , Gutkin Boris 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA large body of data has identified numerous molecular targets through which ethanol (EtOH) acts on brain circuits. Yet how these multiple mechanisms interact to result in dysregulated dopamine (DA) release under the influence of alcohol in vivo remains unclear. In this manuscript, we delineate potential circuit‐level mechanisms responsible for EtOH‐dependent dysregulation of DA release from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) into its projection areas. For this purpose, we constructed a circuit model of the VTA that integrates realistic Glutamatergic (Glu) inputs and reproduces DA release observed experimentally. We modelled the concentration‐dependent effects of EtOH on its principal VTA targets. We calibrated the model to reproduce the inverted U‐shape dose dependence of DA neuron activity on EtOH concentration. The model suggests a primary role of EtOH‐induced boost in the Ih and AMPA currents in the DA firing‐rate/bursting increase. This is counteracted by potentiated GABA transmission that decreases DA neuron activity at higher EtOH concentrations. Thus, the model connects well‐established in vitro pharmacological EtOH targets with its in vivo influence on neuronal activity. Furthermore, we predict that increases in VTA activity produced by moderate EtOH doses require partial synchrony and relatively low rates of the Glu afferents. We propose that the increased frequency of transient (phasic) DA peaks evoked by EtOH results from synchronous population bursts in VTA DA neurons. Our model predicts that the impact of acute ETOH on dopamine release is critically shaped by the structure of the cortical inputs to the VTA.
Recruitment outcomes, challenges and lessons learned: the Healthy Communities Study
Authors: Sagatov R. D. F. , John L. V. , Gregoriou M. , Arteaga S. S. , Weber S. , Payn B. , Strauss W. , Weinstein N. , Collie‐Akers V. ,   on behalf of the Healthy Communities Study Team
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe Healthy Communities Study (HCS) was a national study of community programs and policies that aimed to address childhood obesity; it necessitated recruitment of a large sample of children from communities throughout the United States.ObjectiveThe HCS aimed to complete visits with an average of 45 children and 12 key informants from at least 120 communities, diverse with respect to region of the country, urbanicity, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity and intensity of community programs and policies that aim to address childhood obesity.MethodsPurchased address lists were utilized to select households for recruitment during Wave 1 of the study, and recruitment of families through schools was employed for Wave 2.ResultsThe HCS successfully obtained approval from 149 school districts and 478 schools in 130 communities, recruited 5138 families, and interviewed 1421 key informants to allow for characterization of overall intensity of obesity prevention/treatment efforts in each community.ConclusionsLessons learned are presented. Future studies should plan for inclusion of the following in development of recruitment strategies: literature review, formative research, pilot testing, and ongoing monitoring and adjustment.
Enforcement matters: The effective regulation of labour
Authors: KANBUR Ravi , RONCONI Lucas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe distinction between de jure and de facto regulation is well understood in theory, but has rarely been applied to cross‐country empirical work on the impact of labour regulation on labour market outcomes for lack of data. Policy debate has been based on measures of stringency of law, suggesting a negative correlation between labour regulation and labour market outcomes. This article provides new cross‐country measures of labour law enforcement and evidence of a negative correlation between stringency and intensity of enforcement. Previous results concerning the consequences of labour regulation and the legal origins theory no longer hold when a measure of effective labour regulation is used.
Towards better prevention of fatal occupational accidents in Portugal
Authors: SANTOS António J. R. , REBELO Efigénio L. , MENDES Júlio C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPortugal, with a relatively high fatality rate for occupational accidents, faces the challenge of reducing fatalities with limited funding. This research identifies significant predictors in Portugal and estimates probabilities of occurrence. The model, based on applied logistic regression, suggests that policy‐makers should focus prevention efforts on older workers; persons with permanent contracts; those employed by large enterprises or at workplaces in the trade or services sectors; and those exposed to deviations by overflow, overturn, leak, flow, vaporization or emissions that are likely to cause musculoskeletal disorders, wounds, fractures or traumatic amputations.
A longitudinal study of nurses’ career choices: The importance of career expectations on employment in care of older people
Authors: Abrahamsen Bente 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo investigate how undergraduate nursing students’ career expectations relate to their career choices, particularly employment in care of older people, in the first 10 years of nurses’ careers.BackgroundDue to an increasing demand for nurses, it is important to understand nurses’ career choices over the course of their careers.DesignA quantitative longitudinal study of 445 undergraduate nursing students based on a questionnaire survey and register data.MethodsData were analysed by multinomial logistic regression analyses. The questionnaire was distributed to all undergraduate nursing students in 2001–2003 in their final study semester at four universities in Norway (N = 445) to collect the students’ career expectations. Register data on clinical fields for the first 10 years after graduation were merged into the survey in 2014 (Statistics Norway).ResultsWith exception of the very first years after graduation, care of older people is the most common field for undergraduate nurses to enter for a career. This choice can be understood in light of nurses’ career expectations. Among newly educated nurses, the choice to work in care of older people (rather than general hospital care) correlates with expectations of achieving a management position. Ten years after graduation, the likelihood of working in care of older people rather correlates with nurses’ expectations of part‐time work.ConclusionThe likelihood of moving into care of older people increases with time in nursing careers and relates to nurses’ career expectations such as achieving a leadership position and working part‐time.
The nurse–patient relationship in the New Public Management era, in public home care: A focused ethnography
Authors: Strandås Maria , Wackerhausen Steen , Bondas Terese 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to gain deeper understandings of nurse–patient relationships in the New Public Management era, by exploring beliefs and practices of nurses and patients in Norwegian public home care.BackgroundOrganization of Norwegian home care services is based on New Public Management‐ideologies, which have led to a rigidly formalized and task‐oriented nursing practice that may jeopardize individual nursing care. Nurse–patient relationships have several positive effects on patients’ health and well‐being, but organizational boundaries and time pressure affect the quality of relationships.DesignFocused ethnography.MethodsData were collected between November 2015–July 2016 using participant observation and semi‐structured interviews with 10 nurses and eight patients in six different home care areas, in two Norwegian municipalities. Data analysis was based on Roper and Shapiras framework.FindingsFindings demonstrate the continued importance of nurse–patient relationships in contemporary home care, while identifying extensive variations in the degree of closeness and emotional involvement. Organizational boundaries, time constraints, high workload, and disharmony between nurses “competence and patients” complex illnesses, influence practice in ways that reduce the significance of nurse–patient relationships and affect conditions under which they develop and evolve. Facing a system nurses perceive to function suboptimal, they govern practices based on their own professional assessments, and findings indicate cultural patterns in the way both nurses and patients prioritize to safeguard nurse–patient relationships.ConclusionHome care cultures based on traditional nursing values continue, despite New Public Management influences, but a transition into New Public Management culture may, over time, influence the quality of nurse–patient relationships and meanings attributed to them.
Parental uncertainty about transferring their adolescent with congenital heart disease to adult care
Authors: Burström Åsa , Acuna Mora Mariela , Öjmyr‐Joelsson Maria , Sparud‐Lundin Carina , Rydberg Annika , Hanseus Katarina , Frenckner Björn , Nisell Margret , Moons Philip , Bratt Ewa‐Lena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo study parent's levels of uncertainty related to the transfer from pediatric to adult care in adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) and to identify potentially correlating factors.BackgroundParents acknowledge that during transition they struggle with finding ways of feeling secure in handing over the responsibility and letting go of control. Well‐prepared and informed parents who feel secure are most likely better skilled to support their adolescent and to hand over the responsibility.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsOverall, 351 parents were included (35% response rate). Parental uncertainty was assessed using a Linear Analogue Scale (0–100). Data were collected between January ‐ August 2016. Potential correlates were assessed using the readiness for transition questionnaire and sociodemographic data.ResultsThe mean parental uncertainty score was 42.5. Twenty‐four percent of the parents had a very low level of uncertainty (score 0–10) and 7% had a very high level (score 91–100). Overall, 26% of the mothers and 36% of the fathers indicated that they had not started thinking of the transfer yet. The level of uncertainty was negatively associated with the level of perceived overall readiness. Adolescents' age, sex, CHD complexity, and parental age were not related to uncertainty.ConclusionA wide range in the levels of uncertainty was found. Parents who were less involved in the care, or perceived their adolescent as readier for the transition, felt less uncertain. Still, thirty percent of the parents had not started to think about the transfer to adult care.
Perceptions of patient participation in symptom management: A qualitative study with cancer patients, doctors, and nurses
Authors: Lin Cen , Cohen Emma , Livingston Patricia M. , Botti Mari 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo explore people with cancer, doctors', and nurses' understanding of and attitudes toward, patient participation in symptom management.BackgroundIn health service policies worldwide, patients are recognized as the important members of the treatment care team. The concept of patient participation can be understood from a variety of perspectives, reflecting the limited conceptual clarity and poor congruence between patients' and clinicians' understanding.DesignA qualitative study conducted using individual interviews.MethodsForty one people with cancer, five doctors, and seven nurses were recruited from two oncological medical units of a cancer specialized hospital in Shanghai, China between November 2013 ‐ March 2014. Individual interviews were semi‐structured. Data were analysed through framework analysis.ResultsPatient participation was perceived as a mutual interaction requiring contribution from both patients and clinicians. Three main themes were uncovered: (a) information exchange is the key to patient participation; (b) negotiated decision‐making can be achieved in various ways; and (c) patients' self‐management can be a form of patient participation. Patient participation was recognized by both patients and clinicians as an important component of cancer care, however concerns relating to patients' limited knowledge and their ability to negotiate treatment decisions existed among most of the patients, doctors, and nurses.ConclusionThis study identified the wide range of activities where patient participation can occur in the context of cancer care. Positive recognition of patients' roles in treatment and care should be advocated among both patients and clinicians to facilitate patients' participation in their own care and enhance clinicians' skills in involving patients.
Phylogeography of Muller's termite frog suggests the vicariant role of the Central Brazilian Plateau
Authors: Oliveira Eliana F. , Gehara Marcelo , São‐Pedro Vinícius A. , Costa Gabriel C. , Burbrink Frank T. , Colli Guarino R. , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Garda Adrian A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo test three different scenarios to account for the geographic distribution of genetic variation inDermatonotus muelleri, a fossorial frog endemic of the South American diagonal of open formations (DOF) formed by Chaco, Cerrado, and Caatinga biomes: (a) The pan‐DOFhypothesis, where these biomes behave as a single biogeographical unit andDOFspecies lack population structure; (b) the southwest‐northeast (SW‐NE) hypothesis, where structured populations along theDOFhave either asymmetric or unidirectional gene flow in the northeast direction; (c) the vicariance hypothesis, where a pattern of population structure with no or reduced gene flow is observed.LocationCaatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco in South America.MethodsWe sampled 179 individuals across the species distribution and sequenced one mitochondrial and two nuclear markers. We evaluated population structure, the presence, direction, and asymmetry of gene flow, and demographic changes to test three different phylogeographic hypotheses forD. muelleriusing a model‐based simulation approach.ResultsWe found two geographically structured lineages with no gene flow, refuting pan‐DOFhypothesis. The Southwest lineage occurs in Chaco and western Cerrado and the Northeast lineage in eastern Cerrado and Caatinga. Our results support the model with demographic change for the Northeast lineage and constant size for Southwest lineage. The vicariance model with divergence time estimated around 4 Ma was preferred.Main conclusionsVicariance was the best explanation for the geographic distribution of genetic variation inDermatonotus. Divergence time supports the role of Neogene orogeny in central Brazil for the splitting ofDermatonotuslineages. The influence of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations seems restricted to changes in one lineage's population size. Therefore, both ancient and recent events shaped the phylogeography ofDermatonotus. Genetic divergence, lack of gene flow, and the presence of a geographic barrier between lineages indicate the existence of a cryptic, undescribed species in northeastern Brazil.
Development and Validation of the Masculinity Contest Culture Scale
Authors: Glick Peter , Berdahl Jennifer L. , Alonso Natalya M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe developed and validated a 20‐item Masculinity Contest Culture (MCC) scale as a workplace culture assessment. Participants indicated agreement or disagreement with workplace norm statements beginning with a common stem (“In my work environment…”). Exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory (Study 2) factor analyses yielded four MCC subfactors: Show No Weakness, Strength and Stamina, Put Work First, and Dog Eat Dog. CFA and reliability analyses supported a second‐order factor (with four subfactors), consistent with an overarching (though multifaceted) masculinity contest construct. Across two studies in which individuals rated their work environments, the MCC correlated with: (a) negative organizational dynamics (e.g., poor culture and toxic leadership), (b) dominative coworker behaviors (e.g., bullying and harassment), (d) negative individual work attitudes (e.g., burnout, turnover intentions), and (e) poor personal well‐being. Results were generally consistent across studies and participant sex, suggesting that masculinity contest norms harm organizations and the men and women within them.
Zero‐Sum Thinking and the Masculinity Contest: Perceived Intergroup Competition and Workplace Gender Bias
Authors: Kuchynka Sophie L. , Bosson Jennifer K. , Vandello Joseph A. , Puryear Curtis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGender‐based zero‐sum thinking reflects beliefs that women's status gains correspond directly with men's status losses. These beliefs may help explain people's resistance to gender equity. Here, two studies examined the association between men's zero‐sum thinking and workplace gender biases. In Study 1, men (N = 235) employed in workplaces with stronger masculinity contest norms reported observing stronger bias against women in the workplace, and this effect was mediated by an increase in their own zero‐sum thinking. In Study 2, college students (N = 269) read information that either threatened or affirmed the gender status hierarchy and then reported their zero‐sum thinking and their support for gender fair workplace policies that undermine the masculinity contest. Men, but not women, reduced support for gender fair policies following a gender hierarchy threat, and this effect was mediated by an increase in their zero‐sum thinking. Discussion considers the workplace policy implications of these findings.