bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diels‐Alder Reaction of Cyclopenta‐1,3‐diene and Anthracene to bis‐Fumarates Derived from Menthol Analogues
Authors: Piątek Anna , Chapuis Christian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDue to steric interactions of the overly bulky substituted 8‐position, the classic 8‐Ph‐menthol (‐)‐1 d is not the optimal chiral auxiliary for the asymmetric Diels‐Alder reaction of its bis fumarate (‐)‐2 d to dienes such as cyclopenta‐1,3‐diene 3 b, or anthracene 3 c. This prosthetic group (‐)‐1 d could efficiently be replaced by an intermediate smaller analog (‐)‐1 e, readily prepared in a single step by cyclopropanation of isopulegol (‐)‐1 b. This latter auxiliary, resulting from the industrial technology developed by Takasago for menthol (‐)‐1 a, does not necessitate the stereoselective ketone reduction and chromatographic separation of the usual Michael adducts, derived from (+)‐pulegone. This chiral auxiliary (‐)‐1 e, never used as an asymmetric Diels‐Alder promoter, is much more selective than menthol (‐)‐1 a itself, under uncatalyzed conditions, and is also more stable than the polymerizable isopulegyl derived dienophiles, under Lewis acid mediated conditions. This prosthetic group thus readily allows large scale operations in both accessible enantiomeric series.
Interaction Between Sympk and Oct4 Promotes Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Proliferation
Authors: Yu Jianping , Lu Weisi , Ge Tianyu , Huang Rui , Chen Bohong , Ye Miaoman , Bai Yaofu , Shi Guang , Songyang Zhou , Ma Wenbin , Huang Junjiu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The scaffold protein Symplekin (Sympk) is involved in cytoplasmic RNA polyadenylation, transcriptional modulation, and the regulation of epithelial differentiation and proliferation via tight junctions. It is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), in which its role remains unknown. In this study, we found Sympk overexpression in mouse ESCs significantly increased colony formation, and Sympk deletion via CRISPR/Cas9 decreased colony formation. Sympk promoted ESC growth and its overexpression sustained ESC pluripotency, as assessed by teratoma and chimeric mouse formation. Genomic stability was preserved in these cells after long-term passage. The domain of unknown function 3453 (DUF3453) in Sympk was required for its interaction with the key pluripotent factor Oct4, and its depletion led to impaired colony formation. Sympk activated proliferation-related genes and suppressed differentiation-related genes. Our results indicate that Sympk interacts with Oct4 to promote self-renewal and pluripotency in ESCs and preserves genome integrity; accordingly, it has potential value for stem cell therapies. Stem Cells 2019;37:743–753
Development and Application of Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Genetic Markers for Conservation Monitoring of Burbot Populations
Authors: Campbell Matthew R. , Vu Ninh V. , LaGrange Amanda P. , Hardy Ryan S. , Ross Tyler J. , Narum Shawn R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe transboundary (Idaho, USA; and British Columbia, Canada) population of Burbot Lota lota native to the Kootenai River basin once provided a popular sport and commercial fishery and has been culturally significant to the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho for millennia. However, the population has experienced significant declines over the last 30 years, due primarily to habitat loss and alteration caused by water storage and diversion. By the late 1990s, the population was considered functionally extinct, with estimates of fewer than 50 Burbot in the wild and little to no recruitment, prompting an ongoing international recovery effort. As part of these recovery efforts, managers have been actively developing a hatchery supplementation program to rebuild the population and support future tribal subsistence harvest and recreational fisheries. Although supplementation breeding programs have the potential to rapidly rebuild depleted natural populations, careful genetic management is critical. To monitor genetic diversity and potential inbreeding in the broodstock and to provide parentage‐based tagging of supplementation offspring, we developed a set (N = 96) of highly variable single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers. The subset of 96 SNP markers was developed from a larger suite of 6,517 SNPs that were discovered by using restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing. This cost‐efficient technology allows for the rapid discovery of thousands of SNP markers in species that have not been extensively studied previously or for which there are little existing DNA sequence data. We demonstrated high accuracy (>99%) of our SNP set for parentage and individual identification through simulated and empirical tests. The SNP marker set provides a powerful new tool for managing broodstock and for monitoring and genetically tagging Burbot to track the growth, survival, and movement of released individuals.
Performance‐based plastic design and collapse assessment of diagrid structure fused with shear link
Authors: Li Tianxiang , Yang T.Y. , Tong Genshu 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA diagrid structure fused with shear link (DSSL) is an innovative earthquake resilient structural system. The DSSL combines the steel diagrid structural system with shear links to dissipate the earthquake energy with the goal to minimize structural repair and downtime after strong earthquake shaking. The SLs are placed between diamond‐shaped grid units and decoupled from the gravity system. To facilitate the design of the proposed DSSL system, the performance‐based plastic design (PBPD) procedure is extended to design a prototype building utilizing DSSL. Detailed finite element model is developed to simulate the non‐linear dynamic response of the structure under a range of earthquake shaking intensities. The results of non‐linear dynamic analyses show that the DSSL has excellent seismic performance and can be efficiently designed using PBPD. Lastly, detailed collapse risk assessment of the prototype building is performed using the FEMA‐P695 methodology. The result shows that the PBPD‐designed DSSL has adequate margin against collapse. Hence, it can be used as an effective seismic force resisting system.
Using Proales similis (Rotifera) for toxicity assessment in marine waters
Authors: Snell Terry W. , Johnston Rachel K. , Matthews Amelia B. , Park Nancy , Berry Savannah , Brashear Jillian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is a need to develop more animal species for assessing toxicity in marine environments. Cyst‐based toxicity tests using invertebrates are especially fast, technically simple, cost‐effective, and sensitive to a variety of toxicants. Over the past 30 years, a variety of toxicity endpoints have been measured using the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis hatched from cysts, including mortality, reproduction, ingestion, swimming, enzyme activity, and gene expression. A consensus has developed that the most ecologically relevant toxicity measurements should be made using more than one species. Furthermore, it has been noted that the rotifer species toxicant sensitivity distribution is much broader than which endpoint is measured. This implies that toxicity should be measured with the simplest, fastest, least expensive test available on as many species as feasible. If a battery of test species is to be used to estimate toxicity, diapause egg‐based toxicity tests that do not require culturing of test animals will be key. In this paper, we describe how diapause eggs of a new marine rotifer, Proales similis, can be produced, stored and hatched under controlled conditions to produce animals for toxicity tests. Methods are described for quantifying the toxicity of copper, mercury and cadmium based on mortality, ingestion, reproduction, and diapause egg hatching endpoints. We found that reproduction and ingestion endpoints were generally more sensitive to the metals than mortality or diapause egg hatching. When the copper sensitivity of P. similis was compared to Brachionus manjavacas and B. plicatilis using an ingestion test, similar EC50s were observed. In contrast, the B. rotundiformis ingestion EC50 for copper was about 4× more sensitive. Although diapause egg hatching was not the most sensitive endpoint, it is the most ecologically relevant for assessing sediment toxicity. Our discovery of diapausing eggs in the P. similis life cycle has created a conundrum. We have not observed males or sex in P. similis populations, which is a direct contradiction to the orthodox view of the monogonont rotifer life cycle. Work is needed to clarify how diapause egg production is accomplished by P. similis and whether sexual reproduction is involved.
Building Mesoarchaean crust upon Eoarchaean roots: the Akia Terrane, West Greenland
Authors: Gardiner N. J. , Kirkland C. L. , Hollis J. , Szilas K. , Steenfelt A. , Yakymchuk C. , Heide-Jørgensen H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractConstraining the source, genesis, and evolution of Archaean felsic crust is key to understanding the growth and stabilization of cratons. The Akia Terrane, part of the North Atlantic Craton, West Greenland, is comprised of Meso-to-Neoarchaean orthogneiss, with associated supracrustal rocks. We report zircon U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotope data, and whole-rock geochemistry, from samples of gneiss and supracrustals from the northern Akia Terrane, including from the Finnefjeld Orthogneiss Complex, which has recently been interpreted as an impact structure. Isotope data record two major episodes of continental crust production at ca. 3.2 and 3.0 Ga. Minor ca. 2.7 and 2.5 Ga magmatic events have more evolved εHf, interpreted as reworking of existing crust perhaps linked to terrane assembly. Felsic rocks from the Finnefjeld Orthogneiss Complex were derived from the same source at the same time as the surrounding tonalites, but from shallower melting, requiring any bolide-driven melting event to have occurred almost simultaneously alongside the production of the surrounding crust. A simpler alternative has the Finnefjeld Complex and surrounding tonalite representing the coeval genesis of evolved crust over a substantial lithospheric depth. Hafnium isotope data from the two major Mesoarchaean crust-forming episodes record a contribution from older mafic Eoarchaean crust. Invoking the involvement of an Eoarchaean root in the growth of younger Mesoarchaean crust puts important constraints on geodynamic models of the formation of the discrete terranes that ultimately assembled to form Earth’s cratons.
Development of screening strategies for the identification of paramylon-degrading enzymes
Authors: Gissibl Alexander , Care Andrew , Sun Angela , Hobba Graham , Nevalainen Helena , Sunna Anwar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of the β-1,3-glucan paramylon could enable the production of bioactive compounds for healthcare and renewable substrates for biofuels. However, few enzymes have been found to degrade paramylon efficiently and their enzymatic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Thus, the aim of this work was to find paramylon-degrading enzymes and ways to facilitate their identification. Towards this end, a Euglena gracilis-derived cDNA expression library was generated and introduced into Escherichia coli. A flow cytometry-based screening assay was developed to identify E. gracilis enzymes that could hydrolyse the fluorogenic substrate fluorescein di-β-d-glucopyranoside in combination with time-saving auto-induction medium. In parallel, four amino acid sequences of potential E. gracilis β-1,3-glucanases were identified from proteomic data. The open reading frame encoding one of these candidate sequences (light_m.20624) was heterologously expressed in E. coli. Finally, a Congo Red dye plate assay was developed for the screening of enzyme preparations potentially able to degrade paramylon. This assay was validated with enzymes assumed to have paramylon-degrading activity and then used to identify four commercial preparations with previously unknown paramylon degradation ability.
Local linear conditional cumulative distribution function with mixing data
Authors: Bouanani Oussama , Rahmani Saâdia , Ait-Hennani Larbi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates a conditional cumulative distribution of a scalar response given by a functional random variable with an $$\alpha $$
α
-mixing stationary sample using a local polynomial technique. The main purpose of this study is to establish asymptotic normality results under selected mixing conditions satisfied by many time-series analysis models in addition to the other appropriate conditions to confirm the planned prospects.
Quercetin promotes learning and memory performance concomitantly with neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult rat dentate gyrus
Authors: Karimipour Mohammad , Rahbarghazi Reza , Tayefi Hamid , Shimia Mohammad , Ghanadian Mustafa , Mahmoudi Javad , Bagheri Hesam Saghaei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe decline in neurogenesis is a very critical problem in Alzheimer disease. Different biological activities have been reported for medicinal application of quercetin. Herein, we investigated the neurogenesis potential of quercetin in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid‐beta injection. Rats were randomly divided into Control, Alzheimer + Saline and Alzheimer + Quercetin groups. Following the administration of Amyloid‐beta, rats in the Alzheimer + Quercetin group received 40 mg/kg/day quercetin orally for one month. Our data demonstrated amyloid‐β injection could impair learning and memory processing in rats indicated by passive avoidance test evaluation. We noted that one‐month quercetin treatment alleviated the detrimental effects of amyloid‐β on spatial learning and memory parameters using Morris water maze analysis. Quercetin was found to increase the number of proliferating neural stem/progenitor cells. Notably, quercetin increased the number of DCX‐expressing cells, indicating the active dynamic growth of neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. We further observed that the quercetin improved the number of BrdU/NeuN positive cells contributed to enhanced adult neurogenesis. Based on our results, quercetin had the potential to promote the expression of BDNF, NGF, CREB, and EGR‐1 genes involved in regulating neurogenesis. These data suggest that quercetin can play a valuable role in alleviating Alzheimer's disease symptoms by enhancing adult neurogenesis mechanism.
The Classification and Explanation of Depression
Authors: Clack Samuel , Ward Tony 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the field of psychopathology there is still a lack of consensus on how mental disorders, such as depression, should be classified and explained. Many of our current classifications suffer from disorder heterogeneity and are conceptually vague. While some researchers have argued that mental disorders are better explained from a biological perspective, others have made the case for pluralistic and integrative explanations. Using depression as an extended example, we explore the challenges in classifying and explaining psychopathology. We begin by evaluating the current approaches to classification, including frameworks for what we consider a mental disorder. This is followed by a detailed summary of current explanatory perspectives in psychiatry. The relationship between classification and explanation presents unique theoretical challenges in understanding mental disorders. We suggest that by adjusting our focus from understanding syndromes to clinical phenomena we can advance our understanding of mental disorders.
An Uncontrolled Open Trial of a Brief Behavioural Activation Treatment for Depression in Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Tull Matthew T. , Rosenblatt Claire B. , Berghoff Christopher R. , Dixon Laura J. , Ciarloni Evan , Montgomery Denise D. , Wheeless Linnie E. , Marshall Gailen D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) has been associated with depression and can have an impact on quality of life. Therefore, researchers have suggested the potential utility of psychological interventions for targeting depression among CSU patients. Psychological interventions that may hold the most promise are those that are brief and easily transportable, such as brief behavioural activation treatment for depression. We report results of a preliminary investigation of an uncontrolled open trial of a one-session behavioural activation treatment for depression designed for patients with CSU (BATD-CSU) at a university-based allergy and immunology clinic. Participants were 11 females with chronic, poorly controlled urticaria and symptoms of depression. Following the completion of pretreatment questionnaires, participants were administered BATD-CSU primarily by non-mental health professionals trained and supervised in its delivery. One month post-BATD-CSU, participants completed follow-up questionnaires. Participants exhibited significant reductions in depression severity, avoidance/rumination, and work/school impairment. BATD-CSU was also associated with improvements in urticaria control one month post-treatment. Moreover, five of nine patients reported reliable and clinically significant improvement on at least one outcome. Results demonstrate that BATD-CSU may have benefits for CSU patients even when consisting of one session and delivered by professionals with limited background in psychological interventions, thus speaking to its feasibility and transportability.
An Overview of the Health Services Provision in the 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake
Authors: Ghanjal Ali , Bahadori Mohammadkarim , Ravangard Ramin 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveIran, in terms of disasters, is among the top 10 countries in the world. Therefore, timely coordination and provision of rescue, transport, and treatment services after disasters are of particular importance. This study aimed to investigate and provide a short report on the provision of rescue, transport, and treatment services after the 2017 earthquake in Kermanshah.MethodsThis was a review and a descriptive study conducted using the analysis of documents and news published on valid Iranian sites and reports of some service providers in 2017 after the earthquake in Kermanshah.ResultsThe most important strengths of post-earthquake services were the military force’s cooperation, people’s support, sending the popular aid and donations to earthquake areas, and the tremendous national support and religious sympathy among the people. Sending the popular aid and donations was such that they resulted in the blockage of communication routes, heavy traffic on the roads, and disrupted the relief and rescue efforts process. However, the most important weaknesses in the provision of services after this earthquake were the lack of preparedness of the government systems and the lack of orderly management for appropriate assistance and relief and, therefore, there was an inappropriate distribution of popular aid and donations among the earthquake victims.ConclusionProper coordination and service delivery after unexpected events in Iran have a considerable distance to reaching the desired point. Unfortunately, similar problems had also occurred in other earthquakes such as the Bam and Rudbar earthquakes. The repetition of these problems indicates the authorities’ lack of readiness and commitment to troubleshoot weaknesses in their emergency response plan. Therefore, it is necessary for government officials to have more preparedness in all related affairs and aspects. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:691–694)
BELIEFS OVER AVOWALS: SETTING UP THE DISCOURSE ON SELF-KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Schwengerer Lukas 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWright (1998) and Bar-On (2004) put pressure on the idea that self-knowledge as an explanandum should be identified with privileged belief formation. They argue that setting up the discourse on the level of belief and belief formation rules out promising approaches to explain self-knowledge. Hence, they propose that we should characterize self-knowledge on the level of linguistic practice instead. I argue against them that self-knowledge cannot be fully characterized by features of our linguistic practice. I propose that in some circumstances – disagreements about one's mental states – self-knowledge plays a role, but this role cannot be described in virtue of features of our linguistic practice. I consider three objections to the argument and conclude that we should not conceive self-knowledge solely in terms of linguistic practice.
Revisiting the linear stability analysis and absolute–convective transition of two fluid core annular flow
Authors: Salin D. , Talon L. 
Published: February 2019

Numerous experimental, numerical and theoretical studies have shown that core annular flows can be unstable. This instability can be convective or absolute in different situations: miscible fluids with matched density but different viscosities, creeping flow of two immiscible fluids or buoyant flow along a fibre. The analysis of the linear stability of the flow equation of two fluids injected in a co-current and concentric manner into a cylindrical tube leads to a rather complex eigenvalue problem. Until now, all analytical solution to this problem has involved strong assumptions (e.g. lack of inertia) or approximations (e.g. developments at long or short wavelengths) even for axisymmetric disturbances. However, in this latter case, following C. Pekeris, who obtained, almost seventy years ago, an elegant explicit solution for the dispersion relationship of the flow of a single fluid, we derive an explicit solution for the more general case of two immiscible fluids of different viscosity, density and inertia separated by a straight interface. This formulation is well adapted to commercial software. First, we review the creeping flow limit (zero Reynolds number) of two immiscible fluids as it is used in microfluidics. Secondly, we consider the case of two fluids of different viscosities but of the same density in the absence of surface tension and also without diffusion (i.e. miscible fluids with infinite Schmidt number). In both cases, we study the transition from convective to absolute instability according to the different control parameters.
Phylogenetic analysis of the genusRetrotapesdel Río, 1997 (Bivalvia, Veneridae) and systematic analysis of its taxa from Chile
Authors: Alvarez Maximiliano Jorge 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSince the genusRetrotapeswas erected, some authors have favored or opposed its validity, or argued about the assignment of the extant speciesR.exalbidusandR.lenticularistoRetrotapes. Some authors synonymizedRetrotapeswith the Miocene genusFrigichione, and others with the extant genusEurhomaleato which most of the species that belong toRetrotapeswere previously assigned. In the present contribution, a phylogenetic analysis of the genus is performed to test these controversies. In addition, a systematic revision of the Chilean species of the genus is performed to complete the analysis ofRetrotapestaxa from Patagonia and Antarctica started by previous authors. This study demonstrates thatRetrotapesis a monophyletic genus, which is not closely related toFrigichioneorEurhomalea. Instead,Retrotapesis closely related to some Austral taxa from Kerguelen Island (Paleomarcia), New Zealand (Atamarcia), and Australia (Katelysia), a relationship previously unknown. Besides, the extant speciesR.lenticularisandR.exalbidusbelong toRetrotapesand were recovered as part of a clade closely related to the type species of the genus,R.ninfasiensis(Miocene, Patagonia).Retrotapesis reported in Chile beginning in the late Eocene, where it was represented byR.difficilisn. comb., which is a taxon that resembles some Eocene species of the same genus from Antarctica. In the late Oligocene–early Miocene, it was represented byR.navidadisand later in the Pliocene by three species: the fossilR.fuenzalidaeand the two extant ones.