bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The novel capsazepine analog, CIDD‐99, significantly inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo through a TRPV1‐independent induction of ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis
Authors: De La Chapa Jorge J. , Singha Prajjal K. , Self Kristen K. , Sallaway McKay L. , McHardy Stanton F. , Hart Matthew J. , McGuff Howard Stan , Valdez Matthew C. , Ruiz Francisco , Polusani Srikanth R. , Gonzales Cara B. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a deadly disease with a mere 40% five‐year survival rate for patients with advanced disease. Previously, we discovered that capsazepine (CPZ), a transient receptor potential channel, Vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) antagonist, has significant anti‐tumor effects against OSCC via a unique mechanism‐of‐action that is independent of TRPV1. Thus, we developed novel CPZ analogs with more potent anti‐proliferative effects (CIDD‐24, CIDD‐99, and CIDD‐111).MethodsUsing OSCC xenograft models, we determined the efficacy of these analogs in vivo. TRPV1 interactions were evaluated using calcium imaging and a rat model of orofacial pain. Anti‐cancer mechanism(s)‐of‐action were assessed by cell cycle analysis and mitochondrial depolarization assays.ResultsCIDD‐99 was the most potent analog demonstrating significant anti‐tumor effects in vivo (P < 0.001). CIDD‐24 was equipotent to the parent compound CPZ, but less potent than CIDD‐99. CIDD‐111 was the least efficacious analog. Calcium imaging studies confirmed that CIDD‐99 neither activates nor inhibits TRPV1 confirming that TRPV1 activity is not involved in its anti‐cancer effects. All analogs induced an S‐phase block, dose‐dependent mitochondrial depolarization, and apoptosis. Histological analyses revealed increased apoptosis and reduced cell proliferation in tumors treated with these analogs. Importantly, CIDD‐99 had the most dramatic anti‐tumor effects with 85% of tumors resolving leaving only minute traces of viable tissue. Additionally, CIDD‐99 was non‐noxious and demonstrated no observable adverse reactionsConclusionThis study describes a novel, highly efficacious, CPZ analog, CIDD‐99, with dramatic anti‐tumor effects against OSCC that may be efficacious as a lone therapy or in combination with standard therapies.
Effect of various salts on the growth and development of Geotrichum candidum, the causal agent of carrot sour rot
Authors: Türkkan Muharrem 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the efficacy of ammonium, calcium, potassium and sodium salts as possible alternatives to synthetic fungicides in the control of Geotrichum candidum, the causal agent of sour rot on carrots. In vitro mycelial growth of G. candidum was completely halted by ammonium bicarbonate and carbonate; calcium oxide; potassium benzoate, carbonate and sorbate; sodium benzoate, carbonate and fluoride (2% w/v). Potassium and sodium bicarbonate also reduced mycelial growth by 77.78% and 90.60%, respectively, and the difference between the effects of sodium bicarbonate and the first group of salts was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). With the exception of potassium and sodium bicarbonate, the above‐mentioned salts also halted or strongly reduced arthrospore germination. Potassium bicarbonate, and sodium bicarbonate, acetate and propionate significantly increased conidiation (p < 0.05). Of all the salts tested in vitro, only ammonium bicarbonate and carbonate, calcium oxide and sodium fluoride were toxic to G. candidum. In in vivo studies, all the calcium salts tested (acetate, chloride, citrate, formate, lactate, oxide, propionate and silicate), several of the sodium salts (acetate, bicarbonate, chloride and fluoride) and potassium bicarbonate exhibited both protective and curative activity against G. candidum, significantly reducing the severity of sour rot in comparison to pathogen‐inoculated controls (p < 0.05). Although no curative was observed with ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium chloride, sodium carbonate or sodium citrate, these salts also demonstrated significant protective activity against sour rot when compared to controls (p < 0.05). In sum, the study findings show that all of the selected salts may be used to control carrot sour rot, except for sodium fluoride, which exhibited phytotoxicity to carrots.
Delivering family psychoeducation at the mental health acute inpatient service: A practitioner narrative
Authors: Nolan Michael , Petrakis Melissa 
Published: March 2019

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

The admission of a loved one for first episode psychosis can cause considerable distress and confusion for family members.

Psychoeducation can enhance family members’ knowledge of the disease process and their role in supporting recovery.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge

There is limited research on psychoeducation processes within adult inpatient settings.

A Practitioner Narrative found that basic assessment questions can help guide the psychoeducation process. The Stress Vulnerability and Phases of Psychosis Models are valuable and efficient educational tools in answering many typical questions.

What are the implications for practice?

Psychoeducation sessions should be offered routinely in the early stage of a first episode psychosis, but must be individualized to family needs and concerns.

The psychoeducation structure also provides an opportunity for family members to “tell their story” to process the events leading up to a first admission and their emotional reactions to the service user's illness.

AbstractAimTo clarify how initial psychoeducation, while typically brief, can best be targeted to the needs of families during the acute treatment phase of a first episode of psychosis, when there is often significant distress and confusion.MethodOver 6 months of conducting inpatient psychoeducation meetings, with families of individuals experiencing first‐episode psychosis, a senior mental health nurse—as a practice development undertaking—kept a record of needs/issues expressed by families.ThesisThe most frequent needs of families during a first episode of psychosis were: 1. Opportunity to discuss events leading to admission; 2. Space to share feelings and fears; 3. Have practical information concerning current care; 4. Education regarding the nature of psychotic symptoms and 5. Information about recovery.Implications for PracticeFamily members of individuals experiencing a first episode of psychosis often require an opportunity to process the events leading up to the admission, and their emotional reactions to the individual's illness and admission. The psychoeducation process can be individualized and targeted to the needs of families, with active listening to the family's stories. Psychoeducational frameworks that were useful for explaining issues raised were the Stress Vulnerability Model and the Phases of Psychosis.
MACK‐3 (combination of hoMa, Ast and CK18): A promising novel biomarker for fibrotic non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Chuah Kee‐Huat , Wan Yusoff Wan Nur Illyana , Sthaneshwar Pavai , Nik Mustapha Nik Raihan , Mahadeva Sanjiv , Chan Wah‐Kheong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionMACK‐3 (combination of hoMa, Ast and CK18) was reported to be a good biomarker for the diagnosis of fibrotic non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, there is no external validation to date.AimTo evaluate the accuracy of MACK‐3 for the diagnosis of fibrotic NASH.MethodologyConsecutive adult non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients who had liver biopsy in a university hospital were included. MACK‐3 was calculated using the online calculator using the following variables: fasting glucose, fasting insulin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and cytokeratin 18 (CK18). MACK‐3 cut‐offs ≤0.134 and ≥0.550 were used to predict absence and presence of fibrotic NASH, respectively. Histopathological examination of liver biopsy specimen was reported according to the NASH Clinical Research Network Scoring System.ResultsData for 196 subjects were analysed. MACK‐3 was good for diagnosis of fibrotic NASH (area under receiver‐operating characteristics curve [AUROC] 0.80), comparable to the Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB4) and the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) and superior to the BARD score and CK18. MACK‐3 was good for diagnosis of active NASH (AUROC 0.81) and was superior to other blood fibrosis tests. The overall accuracy, percentage of subjects in grey zone, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of MACK‐3 for diagnosis of fibrotic NASH was 79.1%, 46.9%, 100%, 43.8%, 43.1% and 100%, respectively, while for diagnosis of active NASH was 90.0%, 39.3%, 84.2%, 81.4%, 88.9% and 74.5%, respectively.ConclusionMACK‐3 is promising as a non‐invasive test for active NASH and fibrotic NASH and may be useful to identify patients who need more aggressive intervention.
Method‐dependent influence of environmental variables on reef fish assemblages when comparing trap and video surveys
Authors: Geraldi Nathan R. , Bacheler Nathan M. , Kellison G. Todd 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDespite substantial survey effort and a large body of literature on abiotic and biotic factors in temperate reef ecosystems, knowledge of the complex and interactive effects of environmental variables on those communities is limited. Various survey methods have been developed to study environmental predictors of biodiversity, but there remains a gap in our understanding of how survey results are influenced by environmental factors. Here, we surveyed the fish assemblage associated with southeastern U.S. temperate marine reefs with simultaneous, paired trap, and camera gears throughout a ~50,000 km2 area during 2011–2013 and assessed the influence of environmental variables on the trap‐ and video‐surveyed assemblages. Predictor variables in the multivariate general linear models included depth, temperature, month, year, location, substrate relief, percent sessile biota, biota type, and turbidity. Depth and latitude had the greatest influence on the fish assemblage for both gears. The influence of habitat variables differed between methods and percent biota explained more variation in the fish assemblage when assessed by traps, while substrate relief and biota type explained more variation in the fish assemblage when assessed by video. In general, habitat complexity was positively related to the abundance of fishes in the video survey, but there was a negative relationship in the trap survey. Differences between gears were species‐specific and the influences of environmental variables were similar for some species such as Haemulon plumierii and Hyporthodus niveatus. The methods presented here can be used to assess method‐dependent differences in fish assemblages, which is a necessary precursor to assess the effect of environmental variables on the accuracy of surveys.
Online participatory intervention to promote and support exclusive breastfeeding: Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Cavalcanti Débora Silva , Cabral Caroline Sousa , de Toledo Vianna Rodrigo Pinheiro , Osório Mônica Maria 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe support offered to mothers after hospital discharge can be decisive in maintaining exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months post‐partum. The objective of this study was to assess the impact on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding of a participatory intervention using an online social network. A randomized clinical trial was performed involving 251 mother–child pairings in a university hospital in the Northeast of Brazil, 123 of which assigned to the intervention group and 128 to the control group. After hospital discharge, the intervention group was followed through a closed group of an online social network, where weekly posters were published on topics related to breastfeeding and an active communication was established with the mothers. The groups were interviewed monthly over the phone until the child reached 6 months of age. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding was calculated through survival analysis, and the effect of the intervention was estimated through the Cox regression model. The exclusive breastfeeding frequencies were higher in the intervention group in all follow‐up months, reaching 33.3% in the sixth month versus 8.3% in the control group. The median exclusive breastfeeding duration was 149 days (95% CI [129.6, 168.4]) in the intervention group and 86 days (95% CI [64.9, 107.1]) in the control group (P < 0.0001). The proportional risk of early interruption of exclusive breastfeeding was 0.38 (95% CI [0.28, 0.51], P < 0.0001). This intervention had a positive impact on the duration and frequency of exclusive breastfeeding.
Protocol paper: Effects of yokukansan on medication‐overuse headache
Authors: Mitsufuji Takashi , Araki Nobuo , Ito Yasuo , Miyake Akifumi , Takeshima Takao , Iigaya Miho , Hirata Koichi , Suzuki Norihiro , Nakahara Jin , Terayama Yasuo , Sakai Fumihiko , Arai Hiroyuki , Shiibashi Michio , Isobe Hideyuki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMedication‐overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache disorders and represents a public health problem.AimAs we have encountered cases of MOH treated effectively using yokukansan, we planned to analyze the effects of yokukansan on MOH in patients with migraine.MethodsTo analyze the effects of yokukansan on MOH in patients with migraine, we planned the study using a double‐blind, randomized, and placebo‐controlled trial.ResultsWe started to register patients from October 2015, enrolling eight patients in 2015, 35 patients in 2016, 19 patients in 2017, and nine patients as of the time of writing in 2018. We have now collected 71 cases, but recruitment to the trial has not been completed. We need to register more cases to reach the desired number of 80.ConclusionThis article presents the protocol for a double‐blind, randomized, and placebo‐controlled trial to collect evidence of the effects of yokukansan on MOH. The final objective of this study is to reduce headache in MOH while maintaining patient quality of life in good condition.
Assessment of ovarian reserve using serum anti‐Müllerian hormone after ovarian torsion surgery
Authors: Oskayli Meltem Caglar , Gulcin Neslihan , Ozatman Erdem , Gercel Gonca , Mutus Murat , Aksu Burhan , Durakbasa Cigdem Ulukaya 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine ovarian reserve using serum anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) level in children who had undergone either ovarian‐preserving surgery or oophorectomy because of ovarian torsion.MethodsPatients aged > 10 years who had undergone surgery for unilateral ovarian torsion were contacted for the study with ethics committee approval. Seventeen patients agreed to be included.ResultsA total of 10 patients had undergone ovarian detorsion and seven had undergone oophorectomy. Mean age at operation was 11.6 ± 2.23 years (range, 8–15 years) and 13.2 ± 2.17 years (range, 10–16 years), respectively (P = 0.46). Ovarian torsion was isolated in four patients in the first group, and in three in the second. The remainder had associated benign masses. At the time of this study, mean patient age was 18 ± 2.11 years (range, 14–21 years) with a mean postoperative follow up of 5.9 ± 2.8 years (range, 2–10.5 years). Echogenicity of all preserved ovaries was normal on pelvic Doppler ultrasonography, with presence of antral follicles in six. Three ovaries were smaller than expected for age, although two of these had antral follicles. Mean AMH was 5.54 ± 2.25 ng/mL in the detorsion group and 2.70 ± 2.11 ng/mL in the oophorectomy group (P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe presence of follicles in preserved ovaries after detorsion has been reported previously. AMH is expressed in granulosa cells of growing follicles and its serum level is valuable in assessing the quantitative aspects of ovarian reserve. Preservation of the ovary in children with torsion is justified in terms of future ovarian reserve.
Light‐induced systemic signalling down‐regulates photosynthetic performance of soybean leaves with different directional effects
Authors: Sun X. , Lu J. , Yang M. Y. , Huang S. R. , Du J. B. , Wang X. C. , Yang W. Y. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

When plants are exposed to a heterogeneous environment, photosynthesis of leaves is not only determined by their local condition, but also by certain signals from other parts of the same plant, termed systemic regulation. Our present study was conducted to investigate the effects of light‐dependent systemic regulation on the photosynthetic performance of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) under heterogeneous light conditions.

Soybean plants were treated with heterogeneous light. Then gas exchange characteristics were measured to evaluate the photosynthetic performance of leaves. Parameters related to photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, Rubisco and photosynthates were examined to study the mechanisms of light‐dependent systemic regulation on photosynthesis.

Light‐induced systemic signalling by illuminated leaves reduced the Pn of both upper and lower non‐illuminated leaves on the same soybean plant. The decrease in gs and increase in Ci in these non‐illuminated leaves indicated restriction of carbon assimilation, which was further verified by the decline in content and activity of Rubisco. However, the activation state of Rubisco decreased only in upper non‐illuminated leaves. Quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) and ETR also decreased only in upper non‐illuminated leaves. Moreover, the effects of light‐induced systemic signalling on carbohydrate content were also detectable only in upper non‐illuminated leaves.

Light‐induced systemic signalling by illuminated leaves restricts carbon assimilation and down‐regulates photosynthetic performance of non‐illuminated leaves within a soybean plant. However, effects of such systemic regulation differed when regulated in upward or downward direction.
The history of the two‐signal model of lymphocyte activation: A personal perspective
Authors: Bretscher Peter A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe first ideas leading to The Two‐Signal Model of lymphocyte activation were published 50 years ago, but the model was not realized in one sitting. I describe the three phases that led to its contemporary formulations. A motivation underlying all these models was to generate a minimal description of what is required for antigen to inactivate and activate mature lymphocytes that, at the same time, accounts for how peripheral tolerance is achieved. I suggest the two signal model has not only provided a substantiated framework for understanding how antigen interacts differently with B cells and CD8 T cells, to result in their inactivation and activation, but its postulates are pertinent to contemporary issues concerning the inactivation and activation of CD4 T cells.
Motor competence, perceived physical competence, physical fitness, and physical activity within Finnish children
Authors: Jaakkola Timo , Huhtiniemi Mikko , Salin Kasper , Seppälä Sanni , Lahti Jukka , Hakonen Harto , Stodden David F. 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate reciprocal relationships among students’ motor competence (MC) (leaping, throwing, catching, jumping skills), perceived physical competence, health‐related fitness (HRF) (20 m shuttle run, push‐up, abdominal muscles endurance tests) and objectively measured moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Participants included 422 Grade 5 Finnish children (246 girls). Two separate structural equation models investigated paths (a) from MC through both perceived physical competence and HRF to MVPA, and (b) from MVPA through both perceived physical competence and HRF to MC. Model 1 demonstrated an indirect path from MC through HRF to MVPA and a direct path from MC to perceived physical competence for both boys and girls. Additionally, model 1 revealed a direct path from perceived physical competence to MVPA for the girls and from MC to MVPA for the boys. MC, perceived physical competence, and HRF explained 13% of variance in MVPA for the girls and 25% for the boys. Model 2 indicated indirect paths from MVPA through perceived physical competence to MC and from MVPA through HRF to MC for both boys and girls. Additionally, a direct path from MVPA to MC was found in the boys’ group. MVPA, perceived physical competence, and HRF explained 48% of variance in MC for the girls and 53% for the boys. Results of this study provide preliminary support for the reciprocal nature of relationships among MC development, perceived physical competence, HRF and MVPA.
Concurrent exercise training on hyperglycemia and comorbidities associated: Non‐responders using clinical cutoff points
Authors: Álvarez Cristian , Ramírez‐Campillo Rodrigo , Lucia Alejandro , Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , Izquierdo Mikel 
Published: March 2019

This study examined the effects of a 20‐week concurrent training (CT, ie, resistance plus endurance training) intervention on cardiovascular risk factors, such as body composition, blood pressure, and lipid profile among adult women with hyperglycemia. A secondary aim was to report prevalence of non‐responders for the different study outcomes. Physically inactive overweight/obese and hyperglycemic adult women (42 ± 6 years; BMI = 30.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to a 20‐week CT intervention group or a control (non‐exercise) group (CG) (n = 14/group). Cardiovascular risk factors for body composition (body mass, waist circumference [WC], fat mass, and lean mass), blood pressure, and lipid profile (total, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose) were assessed before and after the 20‐week intervention. Our results show that a CT intervention results in a reduction of comorbidities in terms of abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk in adult women with hyperglycemia by decreasing WC and improving lipid profile in “mean” terms. At the individual level, after CT, some subjects changed their status from a “high” to a “low” cardiovascular risk in terms of WC, while others changed from hypertension to either high blood pressure or normotension, or from high blood pressure to normotension, and others changed from hypercholesterolemia/dyslipidemia to normocholesterolemia. Overall, there were ~30%, 50%, and 20% of individuals in the CT exercise group who showed no change/adverse response for body composition, blood pressure, and lipid profile, respectively, after the 20‐week CT intervention.