bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engagement of readers/customers in the discourse of e-tourism promotional genres
Authors: Suau-Jiménez Francisca 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Tourism 2.0 involves direct e-communication between travellers and the tourism industry, and needs websites that attract customers. Recent research in this field (Austin 2009; Brodie, Hollebeek et al. 2011) suggests that they must also include the co-creation of values that align with the customer in some way. Their design must be persuasive yet trustworthy. This is partly achieved through discursive strategies that reflect the voice of the institution or business (author), and others that engage the customer (reader). This study discusses engagement as a key concept in promotional websites (hotels, tourist guides, etc.) from interpersonality, based on the cometval corpus. Its conclusions note significant and controversial differences on how these e-genres are construed in English and Spanish, with societal implications.
Van den vos Reynaerde
Authors: Malfliet Rudi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Van den vos Reynaerde is interpreted as the satiric textualization of a particular social discourse. In the first part, the objectives are the three estates: clergy, nobility and peasants. The second part is focussed on the dysfunction of authority, its lack of moral and social legitimation and the relation individual-authority. The medieval society is criticized in a goliardic-inspired manner, where the satiric subject reflects through inversion the satiric objective. It is pointed out that the text contains a parody on the biblical story of Judith and Holofernes, to discern whether opposing a repressive authority allows for ‘just war’. The results of this study challenge the conventional interpretations of Van den vos Reynaerde based on an Arthurian courtly context. The author’s profile and intended public are reviewed with respect to these conclusions.
Do generations differ in sports participation and physical activity over the life course? Evidence from multiple datasets
Authors: van Oostrom Sandra H. , Slobbe Lany C. J. , van den Berg Saskia W. , Verschuren W. M. Monique , Picavet H. Susan J. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTGenerational differences in health‐related factors will affect forecasts of future disease patterns and health care needs. We studied whether participation in sports activity and being physically active are different between 10‐year generations over a part of their life course. We used three different datasets on Dutch adults: a cohort study running for 20 years, the Doetinchem Cohort Study (DCS), multiple yearly databases (2001–2015) from the Netherlands health interview study (HIS), and a retrospective cohort study on life time sports careers, the Sports Participation Monitor (SPM). Based on a different questionnaire in each study, frequencies of weekly sport participation and being physically active according to recommended levels were determined by generation and sex. All data sets showed that self‐reported sport participation has been increasing with every 10‐year generation already for many decades. Especially for those generations born in the 1930s up to the 1960s, sport participation is higher compared to their predecessors. For instance at age 50, 43% of those born in the 1940s engaged in sports activities compared to 55% of those born in the 1950s (DCS data). Physical activity according to recommended levels showed no systematic differences by generation.In conclusion, favourable generation‐specific trends in participation in sports activities are found: recent generations are doing better than the older generations. It is unclear whether this also reflects higher levels of physical activity or lower levels of inactivity. Future research may reveal whether these developments also hold for other countries, and whether these developments continue for the younger generations.
Pro-Fibrotic CD26-Positive Fibroblasts Are Present in Greater Abundance in Breast Capsule Tissue of Irradiated Breasts
Authors: Borrelli Mimi R , Irizzary Dre , Patel Ronak A , Nguyen Dung , Momeni Arash , Longaker Michael T , Wan Derrick C 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundBreast capsular contracture is a major problem following implant-based breast reconstruction, particularly in the setting of radiation therapy. Recent work has identified a fibrogenic fibroblast subpopulation characterized by CD26 surface marker expression.ObjectivesThis work aimed to investigate the role of CD26-positive fibroblasts in the formation of breast implant capsules following radiation therapy.MethodsBreast capsule specimens were obtained from irradiated and nonirradiated breasts of 10 patients following bilateral mastectomy and unilateral irradiation at the time of expander-implant exchange, under institutional review board approval. Specimens were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as for immunohistochemistry and fluorescence activated cell sorting for CD26-positive fibroblasts. Expression of fibrotic genes and production of collagen were compared between CD26-positive, CD26-negative, and unsorted fibroblasts.ResultsCapsule specimens from irradiated breast tissue were thicker and had greater CD26-postive cells on immunofluorescence imaging and on fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis than did capsule specimens from the nonirradiated breast. Compared with CD26-negative fibroblasts, CD26-positive fibroblasts produced more collagen and had increased expression of the profibrotic genes IL8, TGF-β1, COL1A1, and TIMP4.ConclusionsCD26-positive fibroblasts were found in a significantly greater abundance in capsules of irradiated compared with nonirradiated breasts and demonstrated greater fibrotic potential. This fibrogenic fibroblast subpopulation may play an important role in the development of capsular contracture following irradiation, and its targeted depletion or moderation may represent a potential therapeutic option.Level of Evidence: 2
Hybrid analysis of gene dynamics predicts context-specific expression and offers regulatory insights
Authors: Finkle Justin D , Bagheri Neda 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Motivation
To understand the regulatory pathways underlying diseases, studies often investigate the differential gene expression between genetically or chemically differing cell populations. Differential expression analysis identifies global changes in transcription and enables the inference of functional roles of applied perturbations. This approach has transformed the discovery of genetic drivers of disease and possible therapies. However, differential expression analysis does not provide quantitative predictions of gene expression in untested conditions. We present a hybrid approach, termed Differential Expression in Python (DiffExPy), that uniquely combines discrete, differential expression analysis with in silico differential equation simulations to yield accurate, quantitative predictions of gene expression from time-series data.

Results
To demonstrate the distinct insight provided by DiffExpy, we applied it to published, in vitro, time-series RNA-seq data from several genetic PI3K/PTEN variants of MCF10a cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor. DiffExPy proposed ensembles of several minimal differential equation systems for each differentially expressed gene. These systems provide quantitative models of expression for several previously uncharacterized genes and uncover new regulation by the PI3K/PTEN pathways. We validated model predictions on expression data from conditions that were not used for model training. Our discrete, differential expression analysis also identified SUZ12 and FOXA1 as possible regulators of specific groups of genes that exhibit late changes in expression. Our work reveals how DiffExPy generates quantitatively predictive models with testable, biological hypotheses from time-series expression data.

Availability and implementation
DiffExPy is available on GitHub (https://github.com/bagherilab/diffexpy).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Computational identification of prion-like RNA-binding proteins that form liquid phase-separated condensates
Authors: Orlando Gabriele , Raimondi Daniele , Tabaro Francesco , Codicè Francesco , Moreau Yves , Vranken Wim F 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Eukaryotic cells contain different membrane-delimited compartments, which are crucial for the biochemical reactions necessary to sustain cell life. Recent studies showed that cells can also trigger the formation of membraneless organelles composed by phase-separated proteins to respond to various stimuli. These condensates provide new ways to control the reactions and phase-separation proteins (PSPs) are thus revolutionizing how cellular organization is conceived. The small number of experimentally validated proteins, and the difficulty in discovering them, remain bottlenecks in PSPs research.

Results
Here we present PSPer, the first in-silico screening tool for prion-like RNA-binding PSPs. We show that it can prioritize PSPs among proteins containing similar RNA-binding domains, intrinsically disordered regions and prions. PSPer is thus suitable to screen proteomes, identifying the most likely PSPs for further experimental investigation. Moreover, its predictions are fully interpretable in the sense that it assigns specific functional regions to the predicted proteins, providing valuable information for experimental investigation of targeted mutations on these regions. Finally, we show that it can estimate the ability of artificially designed proteins to form condensates (r=−0.87), thus providing an in-silico screening tool for protein design experiments.

Availability and implementation
PSPer is available at bio2byte.com/psp.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
When Peaceful People Fight: Beyond Neutralization and Subcultural Theory
Authors: Sandberg Sveinung , Copes Heith , Pedersen Willy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFights are widespread in society, but for most people it happens once or twice and is not part of a consistent pattern or lifestyle. Using a narrative criminological framework, we study the stories of violence among people who otherwise seldom engage in violent behaviour. The young Norwegians we interviewed, emphasized that their fights emerged as a response to insults, was fuelled by drinking and could be exciting. Participants had negative evaluations of their fights, took the blame for them, talked down their importance and self-critically used humour to ridicule their involvement. Our study demonstrates the shortcomings of subcultural and neutralization theories when it comes to understanding violent behaviour among those who rarely engage in it.
The Bayley-III scale may underestimate neurodevelopmental disability after cardiac surgery in infants
Authors: Goldstone Andrew B , Baiocchi Michael , Wypij David , Stopp Christian , Andropoulos Dean B , Atallah Joseph , Atz Andrew M , Beca John , Donofrio Mary T , Duncan Kim , Ghanayem Nancy S , Goldberg Caren S , Hövels-Gürich Hedwig , Ichida Fukiko , Jacobs Jeffrey P , Justo Robert , Latal Beatrice , Li Jennifer S , Mahle William T , McQuillen Patrick S , Menon Shaji C , Pike Nancy A , Pizarro Christian , Shekerdemian Lara S , Synnes Anne , Williams Ismée A , Bellinger David C , Newburger Jane , Gaynor J William 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Neurodevelopmental disability is the most common complication among congenital heart surgery survivors. The Bayley scales are standardized instruments to assess neurodevelopment. The most recent edition (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd Edition, Bayley-III) yields better-than-expected scores in typically developing and high-risk infants than the second edition (Bayley Scales of Infant Development 2nd Edition, BSID-II). We compared BSID-II and Bayley-III scores in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS
We evaluated 2198 infants who underwent operations with cardiopulmonary bypass between 1996 and 2009 at 26 institutions. We used propensity score matching to limit confounding by indication in a subset of patients (n = 705).

RESULTS
Overall, unadjusted Bayley-III motor scores were higher than BSID-II Psychomotor Development Index scores (90.7 ± 17.2 vs 77.6 ± 18.8, P &lt; 0.001), and unadjusted Bayley-III composite cognitive and language scores were higher than BSID-II Mental Development Index scores (92.0 ± 15.4 vs 88.2 ± 16.7, P &lt; 0.001). In the propensity-matched analysis, Bayley-III motor scores were higher than BSID-II Psychomotor Development Index scores [absolute difference 14.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.7–17.6; P &lt; 0.001] and the Bayley-III classified fewer children as having severe [odds ratio (OR) 0.24; 95% CI 0.14–0.42] or mild-to-moderate impairment (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.14–0.32). The composite of Bayley-III cognitive and language scores was higher than BSID-II Mental Development Index scores (absolute difference 4.0, 95% CI 1.4–6.7; P = 0.003), but there was no difference between Bayley editions in the proportion of children classified as having severe cognitive and language impairment.

CONCLUSIONS
The Bayley-III yielded higher scores than the BSID-II and classified fewer children as severely impaired. The systematic bias towards higher scores with the Bayley-III precludes valid comparisons between early and contemporary cardiac surgery cohorts.
Barriers to health care seeking with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms among men—a nationwide study
Authors: Rubach Ann , Balasubramaniam Kirubakaran , Elnegaard Sandra , Larsen Stine E , Jarbøl Dorte E 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The majority of men who report urological symptoms of extreme concern or influence on daily activities do not contact their general practitioner (GP). No previous study on barriers to health care seeking with lower urinary tract symptoms in men has been carried out in a population-based setting.

Objectives
(i) To examine associations between different types of lower urinary tract symptoms and barriers to contact a GP in men with urological symptoms reported to be of concern or influencing daily activity (termed ‘bothersome’); (ii) to examine associations between age and barriers to health care seeking in men with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms.

Study design
A population-based cross-sectional study design.

Methods
A total of 48 910 men aged 20 or older were randomly selected from the general Danish population. Data was collected in 2012. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for reporting different barriers to health care seeking with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms according to age and urological symptom.

Results
A total of 23 240 men participated. Among men aged 20–39 years who reported bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms, the proportion who did not contact their GP ranged from 73.4% (incontinence) to 84.5% (nocturia). Men younger than 60 years of age had significantly higher odds for reporting any barriers to health care seeking compared to older men. The odds for reporting each of the barriers differed significantly according to the different urological symptoms.

Conclusion
Younger men more often report barriers to health care seeking, but the barriers differ between the different urological symptoms.
Viral fitness: history and relevance for viral pathogenesis and antiviral interventions
Authors: Domingo Esteban , de Ávila Ana I , Gallego Isabel , Sheldon Julie , Perales Celia 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTThe quasispecies dynamics of viral populations (continuous generation of variant genomes and competition among them) has as one of its frequent consequences variations in overall multiplication capacity, a major component of viral fitness. This parameter has multiple implications for viral pathogenesis and viral disease control, some of them unveiled thanks to deep sequencing of viral populations. Darwinian fitness is an old concept whose quantification dates back to the early developments of population genetics. It was later applied to viruses (mainly to RNA viruses) to quantify relative multiplication capacities of individual mutant clones or complex populations. The present article reviews the fitness concept and its relevance for the understanding of the adaptive dynamics of viruses in constant and changing environments. Many studies have addressed the fitness cost of escape mutations (to antibodies, cytotoxic T cells or inhibitors) as an influence on the efficacy of antiviral interventions. Here, we summarize the evidence that the basal fitness level can be a determinant of inhibitor resistance.
Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease, and academic achievement, cognitive and behavioural measures in children from the general population
Authors: Korologou-Linden Roxanna , Anderson Emma L , Jones Hannah J , Davey Smith George , Howe Laura D , Stergiakouli Evie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objective
Several studies report a polygenic component of risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding whether this polygenic signal is associated with educational, cognitive and behavioural outcomes in children could provide an earlier window for intervention.

Methods
We examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) at varying P-value thresholds in children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were associated with academic achievement, cognitive and behavioural measures in childhood and adolescence.

Results
We did not detect any evidence that the genome-wide significant PRS (5x10-8) were associated with these outcomes. PRS at the highest P-value threshold examined (P ≤ 5x10-1) were associated with lower academic achievement in adolescents (Key Stage 3; β: -0.03; 95% confidence interval: -0.05, -0.003) but the effect was attenuated when single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with educational attainment were removed. These PRS were associated with lower IQ (β: -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07, -0.02) at age 8 years with the effect remaining after removing SNPs associated with educational attainment.

Conclusions
SNPs mediating the biological effects of Alzheimer’s disease are unlikely to operate early in life. The evidence of association between PRS for Alzheimer’s disease at liberal thresholds and cognitive measures suggest shared genetic pathways between Alzheimer’s disease, academic achievement and cognition.
Determinants of breastfeeding practices among mothers in Malawi: a population-based survey
Authors: Chipojola Roselyn , Lee Gabrielle T , Chiu Hsiao-Yean , Chang Pi-Chen , Kuo Shu-Yu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigh rates of early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding have been reported in Malawi, yet the underlying factors are unknown. Our objective is to examine the determinants of breastfeeding practices for mothers of infants less than 24 months old in Malawi.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using nationally representative data from the 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used.ResultsOf 7282 women, 95.4% initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth; thereafter 71.3% of women practiced exclusive breastfeeding, 6.1% predominantly breastfed, and 1.9% chose bottle feeding exclusively. The odds of early initiation were higher among women with frequent antenatal care visits and multiparous mothers. Similarly, frequent antenatal care visits and hospital delivery were positive determinants for exclusive breastfeeding. Infants at 6 months of age were more likely to predominantly breastfeed than they were at 1 month. The odds of bottle feeding were higher among women who were educated, who delivered at a hospital.ConclusionsOptimal breastfeeding practices are highly prevalent in Malawi. Health care practice emphasizing frequent antenatal care visits that provide breastfeeding education and breastfeeding support in hospital care after childbirth are important for sustaining breastfeeding.
Regulation of signaling mediated by nucleic acid sensors for innate interferon-mediated responses during viral infection
Authors: Takaoka Akinori , Yamada Taisho 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Type I and type III interferons are important anti-viral cytokines that are massively induced during viral infection. This dynamic process is regulated by many executors and regulators for efficient eradication of invading viruses and protection from harmful, excessive responses. An array of innate sensors recognizes virus-derived nucleic acids to activate their downstream signaling to evoke cytokine responses including interferons. In particular, a cytoplasmic RNA sensor RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I) is involved in the detection of multiple types of not only RNA viruses but also DNA viruses. Accumulating findings have revealed that activation of nucleic acid sensors and the related signaling mediators is regulated on the basis of post-translational modification such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation and ADP-ribosylation. In addition, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated as a new class of regulators in innate signaling. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of innate sensor activation and its signaling in host–virus interaction will provide a better therapeutic strategy to efficiently control viral infection and maintain immune homeostasis.
Slow Larvae Mutant and Its Potential to Improve the Pupal Color-Based Genetic Sexing System in Mexican Fruit Fly, (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Meza José S , Cáceres Carlos , Bourtzis Kostas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFor many years, an area-wide fruit fly control campaign against the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew) has been implemented in some regions of Mexico and Texas, using the sterile insect technique (SIT) as its principal component. To improve the efficiency of the SIT, a genetic sexing strain based on black pupae mutation (bp) was developed for A. ludens, namely, ‘Tapachula-7’ (Tap-7 genetic sexing strains [GSSs]). This strain was introduced into the AW-IPM program recently and allows male-only releases for SIT applications. Here, we report the genetic and biological characterization of a new mutation, slow larvae (sl), which was introduced to the original translocation of the Tap-7 GSS resulting in two new GSS (slow-7 and Tap/slow-7). In both GSSs, the translocated wild-type males emerge from brown pupae that develop faster than females. The females are homozygous for sl mutation in the slow-7 GSS and homozygous for sl and bp mutations in the Tap/slow-7 GSS, reaching larval maturity 2 d after most of the wild-type males, allowing the separation of most males during pupariation. The potential use of the slow-7 and Tap/slow-7 GSSs in mass rearing and large-scale population suppression programs is discussed.