bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loschmidt Echo and Fidelity Decay Near an Exceptional Point
Authors: Longhi Stefano 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNon‐Hermitian classical and open quantum systems near an exceptional point (EP) are known to undergo strong deviations in their dynamical behavior under small perturbations or slow cycling of parameters as compared to Hermitian systems. Such a strong sensitivity is at the heart of many interesting phenomena and applications, such as the asymmetric breakdown of the adiabatic theorem, enhanced sensing, non‐Hermitian dynamical quantum phase transitions, and photonic catastrophe. Like for Hermitian systems, the sensitivity to perturbations on the dynamical evolution can be captured by Loschmidt echo and fidelity after imperfect time reversal or quench dynamics. Here, a rather counterintuitive phenomenon in certain non‐Hermitian systems near an EP is disclosed, namely the deceleration (rather than acceleration) of the fidelity decay and improved Loschmidt echo as compared to their Hermitian counterparts, despite large (non‐perturbative) deformation of the energy spectrum introduced by the perturbations. This behavior is illustrated by considering the fidelity decay and Loschmidt echo for the single‐particle hopping dynamics on a tight‐binding lattice under an imaginary gauge field.
Alumina nanocoating of polymer separators for enhanced thermal and electrochemical performance of Li–ion batteries
Authors: Xie Jian‐De , Fu Chun‐Chieh , Liao Chun‐Chieh , Juang Ruey‐Shin , Gandomi Yasser Ashraf 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA chemical‐wet impregnation method was adopted in this study to synthesize alumina‐coated separators using commercially available alumina nanoparticles and poly (vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoro‐propylene) binder to further improve the safety and performance of lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). Three trilayered polymer separators were uniformly coated with alumina nanoparticles with different densities. It was shown that the alumina‐coated nanolayers significantly improved electrolyte affinity, mass uptake of electrolyte, thermal resistance, and dimensional stability of the separators. The discharge capacity of Li4Ti5O12 anode with alumina‐coated separators was evaluated to be 166 mAh g−1 at 0.1C and 160 mAh g−1 at 1C. The alumina‐coated layers boasted ionic conductivity within the LIB's architecture and reduced internal resistance. The thermal shrinkage of alumina‐coated separators was greatly decreased, compared with the bare (as‐received) membranes because the nanocoating layer served as a robust and protective layer providing a superior thermal insulation without adversely affecting mass transport characteristics within the LIBs' internal architecture.
The one‐inflated positive Poisson mixture model for use in population size estimation
Authors: Godwin Ryan T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe one‐inflated positive Poisson mixture model (OIPPMM) is presented, for use as the truncated count model in Horvitz–Thompson estimation of an unknown population size. The OIPPMM offers a way to address two important features of some capture–recapture data: one‐inflation and unobserved heterogeneity. The OIPPMM provides markedly different results than some other popular estimators, and these other estimators can appear to be quite biased, or utterly fail due to the boundary problem, when the OIPPMM is the true data‐generating process. In addition, the OIPPMM provides a solution to the boundary problem, by labelling any mixture components on the boundary instead as one‐inflation.
Multilevel regression and poststratification as a modeling approach for estimating population quantities in large population health studies: A simulation study
Authors: Downes Marnie , Carlin John B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere are now a growing number of applications of multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) in population health and epidemiological studies. MRP uses multilevel regression to model individual survey responses as a function of demographic and geographic covariates. Estimated mean outcome values for each demographic–geographic respondent subtype are then weighted by the proportions of each subtype in the population to produce an overall population‐level estimate. We recently reported an extensive case study of a large nationwide survey and found that MRP performed favorably compared to conventional survey sampling weights for the estimation of population descriptive quantities in a highly selected sample. In this study, we aimed to evaluate, by way of a simulation experiment, both the accuracy and precision of MRP versus survey sampling weights in the context of large population health studies. While much of the research into MRP has been focused on U.S. political and social science, we considered an alternative population structure of smaller size and with notably fewer geographic subsets. We explored the impact on MRP performance of sample size, model misspecification, interactions, and the addition of a geographic‐level covariate. MRP was found to achieve generally superior performance in both accuracy and precision at both the national and state levels. Results were generally robust to model misspecification, and MRP performance was further improved by the inclusion of a geographic‐level covariate. These findings offer further evidence that MRP provides a promising analytic approach for addressing participation bias in the estimation of population descriptive quantities from large‐scale health surveys and cohort studies.
Long noncoding RNA PXN‐AS1‐L promotes the malignancy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via upregulation of SAPCD2
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Niu Po , Xie Cuncun , Liu Hongjian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidences highlight the critical roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a variety of cancers. LncRNA PXN‐AS1‐L was previously shown to exert oncogenic roles in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the expression, role, and molecular mechanism of PXN‐AS1‐L in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) malignancy remain unknown. Here, we determined that PXN‐AS1‐L is upregulated in NPC tissues and cell lines. Increased expression of PXN‐AS1‐L predicts worse prognosis of NPC patients. PXN‐AS1‐L overexpression promotes NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and NPC tumor growth in vivo. PXN‐AS1‐L silencing suppresses NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, PXN‐AS1‐L directly interacts with SAPCD2 mRNA 3′‐untranslated region, prevents the binding of microRNAs‐AGO silencing complex to SAPCD2 mRNA, and upregulates the mRNA and protein level of SAPCD2. SAPCD2 is also increased in NPC tissues. The expression of SAPCD2 is significantly positively associated with that of PXN‐AS1‐L in NPC tissues. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments demonstrated that SAPCD2 also promotes NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, depletion of SAPCD2 significantly reverses the roles of PXN‐AS1‐L in promoting NPC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and NPC tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, lncRNA PXN‐AS1‐L is upregulated in NPC and promoted NPC malignancy by upregulating SAPCD2 via direct RNA‐RNA interaction.
Is hyperdiploidy a favorable cytogenetics in adults with B‐lymphoblastic leukemia?
Authors: Chen Zhining , Sun Yi , Xie Wei , Wang Sa A. , Hu Shimin , Li Shaoying , Tang Zhenya , Toruner Gokce , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Tang Guilin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHyperdiploidy (chromosomal number 51‐65) is a common cytogenetic abnormality in pediatric patients with B‐lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) and belongs to the favorable cytogenetic subgroup. Hyperdiploidy in adult B‐ALL is much less common and its clinical significance has not been well studied. Among the 1205 patients with B‐ALL (1018 adults and 187 children) from our institution, 78 had a hyperdiploid karyotype, including 45 (4.4%) adults and 33 (17.6%) children (P < 0.0001). Among the patients with hyperdiploid B‐ALL, the adult group had a significantly inferior survival (similar to the patients with a normal karyotype) compared with the pediatric group (median survival: 42 months vs undefined, P = 0.0029). Hyperdiploidy in adults B‐ALL tended to more frequently harbor structural abnormalities (two or more) than children (53% vs 33%). Two or more structural abnormalities in a hyperdiploidy correlated with an adverse survival in adult patients (33 months vs undefined, P = 0.0008), similar to the survival of patients with a complex karyotype. We conclude that hyperdiploidy in adults with B‐ALL is less favorable and more commonly contains structural abnormalities comparing to pediatric patients. We suggest that hyperdiploidy with two or more structural abnormalities are best considered as a complex karyotype in adults with B‐ALL.
Solitary fibrous tumor in the subcutaneous soft tissues of the left abdominal wall: A case report
Authors: Wang Shuanhu , Guan Jiajia , Liu Mulin , Li Shiqing , Jiang Congqiao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumor (SFT) derived from the abdominal wall is rare. We report a case of SFT in the abdominal wall. When abdominal computed tomography reveals soft‐tissue mass and analysis of preoperative needle biopsy reveals spindle cell tumor, the possibility of SFT should be considered.
Switchable Enzymatic Accessibility for Precision Cell‐Selective Surface Glycan Remodeling
Authors: Zhang Peiwen , Li Yiran , Yu Xiaofei , Ju Huangxian , Ding Lin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPrecision cell‐selective surface glycan remodeling is of vital importance for modulation of cell surface dynamics, tissue‐specific imaging, and immunotherapy, but remains an unsolved challenge. Herein, we report a switchable enzymatic accessibility (SEA) strategy for highly specific editing of carbohydrate moieties of interest on the target cell surface. We demonstrate the blocking of enzyme in the inaccessible state with a metal‐organic framework (MOF) cage and instantaneous switching to the accessible state through disassembly of MOF. We further show that this level of SEA regulation enables initial guided enzyme delivery to the target cell surface for subsequent cell‐specific glycan remodeling, thus providing a temporally and spatially controlled tool for tuning the glycosylation architectures. Terminal galactose/N‐acetylgalactosamine (Gal/GalNAc) remodeling and terminal sialic acid (Sia) desialylation have been precisely achieved on target cells even with other cell lines in close spatial proximity. The SEA protocol features a modular and generically adaptable design, a very short protocol duration (ca. 30 min or shorter), and a very high spatial resolving power (ability to differentiate immediately neighboring cell lines).
Lower socioeconomic status is associated with increased long‐term mortality after sudden cardiac arrest
Authors: Medhekar Ankit N. , Adhikari Shubash , Abdul‐Al Ahmed S. , Matinrazm Sayna , Kancharla Krishna , Bhonsale Aditya , Jain Sandeep K. , Saba Samir 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundDeterminants of long‐term survival after sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) are not fully elucidated. We investigated the impact of patients' socioeconomic status (SES) on long‐term mortality in SCA survivors.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between SES, as estimated by median household income by zip code of residence, and long‐term survival after SCA.MethodsWe analyzed the electronic medical records of patients who presented to our institution with SCA between 2000 and 2012 and were discharged alive. Patients were stratified into quartiles by median household income of their home zip code. Baseline characteristics of patients were compared by income quartiles. The impact of SES on mortality was assessed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model incorporating all unbalanced covariates.ResultsOur cohort consisted of 1420 patients (mean age of 62 years; 41% men; 82% white). Over a 3.6‐year median follow‐up, 47% of patients died. After adjusting for unbalanced baseline covariates, patients in the poorest income quartile had a 25% increase in their risk of death compared to other SCA survivors (hazard ratios = 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.00‐1.56, P = .046).ConclusionIn conclusion, lower SES is an independent predictor of long‐term mortality in survivors of SCA. Designing interventions to improve survival after SCA requires attention to patients' social and economic factors.
Reduced Exposure to Piperaquine, Compared to Adults, in Young Children Receiving Dihydroartemisinin‐Piperaquine as Malaria Chemoprevention
Authors: Whalen Meghan E. , Kajubi Richard , Chamankhah Nona , Huang Liusheng , Orukan Francis , Wallender Erika , Kamya Moses R. , Dorsey Grant , Jagannathan Prasanna , Rosenthal Philip J. , Mwebaza Norah , Aweeka Francesca T. 
Published: June 2019

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA)‐piperaquine is being evaluated as intermittent preventive therapy for malaria, but dosing has not been optimized for children. We assessed exposure to DHA and piperaquine in Ugandan children at two ages during infancy. Intensive sampling was performed in 32 children at 32 weeks of age, 31 children at 104 weeks, and 30 female adult controls. Compared with adults, DHA area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC0–8 hr) was 52% higher at 32 weeks and comparable at 104 weeks. Compared with adults, piperaquine AUC0–21 d was 35% lower at 32 weeks and 53% lower at 104 weeks. Terminal piperaquine concentrations on days 7, 14, and 21 were lower in children compared with adults and lower at 104 compared with 32 weeks. Piperaquine exposure was lower in young children compared with adults, and lower at 104 compared with 32 weeks of age, suggesting a need for age‐based DHA‐piperaquine dose optimization for chemoprevention.
A Novel Automatic Digital Algorithm that Accurately Quantifies Steatosis in NAFLD on Histopathological Whole‐Slide Images
Authors: Munsterman Isabelle D. , van Erp Merijn , Weijers Gert , Bronkhorst Carolien , de Korte Chris L. , Drenth Joost P. H. , van der Laak Jeroen A. W. M. , Tjwa Eric T. T. L. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundAccurate assessment of hepatic steatosis is a key to grade disease severity in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsWe developed a digital automated quantification of steatosis on whole‐slide images (WSIs) of liver tissue and performed a validation study. Hematoxylin–eosin stained liver tissue slides were digitally scanned, and steatotic areas were manually annotated. We identified thresholds for size and roundness parameters by logistic regression to discriminate steatosis from surrounding liver tissue. The resulting algorithm produces a steatosis proportionate area (SPA; ratio of steatotic area to total tissue area described as percentage). The software can be implemented as a Java plug‐in in FIJI, in which digital WSI can be processed automatically using the Pathomation extension.ResultsWe obtained liver tissue specimens from 61 NAFLD patients and 18 controls. The area under the curve of correctly classified steatosis by the algorithm was 0.970 (95% CI 0.968–0.973), P < 0.001. Accuracy of the algorithm was 91.9%, with a classification error of 8.1%. SPA correlated significantly with steatosis grade (Rs = 0.845, CI: 0.749–0.902, P < 0.001) and increased significantly with each individual steatosis grade, except between Grade 2 and 3.ConclusionsWe have developed a novel digital analysis algorithm that accurately quantifies steatosis on WSIs of liver tissue. This algorithm can be incorporated when quantification of steatosis is warranted, such as in clinical trials studying efficacy of new therapeutic interventions in NAFLD. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society.
A game‐theoretic model for users' participation in ephemeral social vehicular networks
Authors: Esmaeilyfard Rasool , Hendessi Faramarz , Manshaei Mohammad Hossein , Grossklags Jens 
Published: June 2019

SummaryEphemeral social vehicular networks allow for short‐lived communications between occupants. While such transient interactions may provide important usage benefits such as traffic warnings, the reality of short‐lived interactions also poses challenges for deciding to participate in such social networks. In this paper, we develop a game‐theoretic model to understand the role of occupants' incentives to contribute to these ephemeral social networks. We rigorously study the properties of the model and resulting equilibrium outcomes. A further key objective of our work is to evaluate the robustness of our model to different notions of intrinsic motivation for network participation. As a baseline case, we assume that users are homogeneous regarding their motivation. Next, we investigate the impact of different motivational distributions and explore their impact on users' behaviors in a comprehensive simulation setup. We identify the circumstances under which ephemeral social networks are viable and can successfully sustain an increased level of network participation.
Study of trust‐based mechanism and its component model in MANET: Current research state, issues, and future recommendation
Authors: Khanna Nitin , Sachdeva Monika 
Published: June 2019

SummarySecurity against routing attacks in MANET is most critical issue and traditional concepts of cryptography, authentication, or Watchdog are not that significant in mitigation of these attacks. In recent years, trust‐based approach provides a reputation system that compose of different components to provide security against routing attacks. In this paper, we provide an in‐depth analysis of various components that are used in trust‐based mechanism and techniques deployed in effective and efficient execution of task by the components. Trust‐based mechanisms generally have five components: monitoring and information gathering, trust calculation and evaluation unit, trust recommendation unit, decision‐making and dissemination of detection unit. All or some of these units cooperate together to provide a reliable communication environment with the aim to prevent routing attacks from participating in route formation process and detect attacking nodes simultaneously. Different routing attacks and measures in trust‐based mechanism along with some published work are discussed to understand the implementation of this type of mechanism. Various related issues are explored, discussed, and recommendations are pointed out for future research work in this field.
Cytological findings of monophasic synovial sarcoma presenting as a lung mass: report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Dermawan Josephine K. T. , Policarpio‐Nicolas Maria Luisa C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSynovial sarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors that can arise from any anatomic site. Although they are often located at the paraarticular region of the extremities, the incidence of synovial sarcomas in the lungs is rare, with only a few cytology case reports to date. We report a case of synovial sarcoma presenting as a lung mass diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. The patient is a 38‐year‐old chronic smoker who presented with cough, worsening dyspnea, and weight loss. Computerized tomography of his chest revealed an 8‐cm left lower lobe pleural‐based mass. An FNA of the lung mass showed cellular smears composed of monotonous population of singly scattered to sheets of bland spindle cells with elongated nuclei, fine chromatin pattern, and scant to moderate amount of delicate cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains performed on the cell block showed that the tumor cells were positive for calretinin and focally positive for pancytokeratin, CAM5.2, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. The tumor cells were negative for S‐100, podoplanin, and CD34. Fluorescence in situ hybridization performed on the cell block demonstrated the presence of SYT (18q11) translocation, supporting the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma.
Clinician and patient characteristics and cognitions that influence weighing practice in cognitive‐behavioral therapy for eating disorders
Authors: Daglish Amy , Waller Glenn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveClinicians commonly fail to weigh patients appropriately in cognitive‐behavioral therapy for eating disorders (CBT‐ED), despite guidelines stressing the need to do so. This study considered the possible patient‐ and clinician‐based reasons why this element of treatment is omitted.MethodSeventy‐four CBT‐ED clinicians were presented with vignettes that varied in patient diagnosis and distress levels, to determine whether those characteristics influenced different clinician weighing practices. Clinicians' own attitudes to weighing and their anxiety levels were also assessed to determine whether they were related to weighing intentions.ResultsClinicians were more likely to weigh patients with anorexia nervosa than patients with bulimia nervosa, probably due to focusing on physical risk. However, they were less likely to weigh patients who were distressed at the prospect, despite that course of action being particularly clinically indicated. Clinicians were more likely to weigh patients if they had positive beliefs about the value of doing so, and if they were not prone to making unsupported exceptions in delivering this technique.DiscussionThis study provides evidence that clinicians use weighing differently according to the patient's presentation and their own beliefs, rather than working within guidelines. Education, training, and supervision are suggested to help clinicians address this failure to weigh patients in the most therapeutic way.
Variation in snow cover drives differences in soil properties and microbial biomass of BSCs in the Gurbantunggut Desert—3 years of snow manipulations
Authors: Hui Rong , Liu Lichao , Xie Min , Yang Haotian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVariations in snow cover (as specific precipitation) can have an important effect on development of biological soil crusts (BSCs) in arid and semiarid regions, where water is the principal limiting factor for microorganisms. However, there is still limited knowledge available regarding the effects of snowfall on soil properties and microbial biomass in BSCs. To examine these effects of snow cover, three types of BSCs (cyanobacteria‐dominated, lichen‐dominated, and moss‐dominated crusts) were collected and exposed to five snow depths for 3 years. The results indicated that most of the soil properties and soil microbial biomass were significantly (p < .05) affected by 3 years of snow manipulation in three types of BSCs. In BSCs, the values of most soil properties and microbial biomass were higher in the increased snow depth treatments relative the snow removal treatments. Moreover, there were variations in soil properties and microbial biomass among BSC types. In short, increases/decreases in snow cover had different effects on three types of BSCs after 3 years of manipulation. Moreover, increases in snow cover had a positive influence on soil properties and microbial biomass, but negative effects were observed in all BSCs following snow removal and snow reduction. Thus, variations in snow cover can drive differences in soil properties and microbial biomass of BSCs, which may further affect development and succession of BSCs in arid and semiarid regions.