bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of surgical and audiological outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic approach in stapes surgery
Authors: Gülşen Secaattin , Karataş Erkan 
Published: August 2019

Objective: The main objectives of the present study were to compare the surgical and audiological outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic approach in stapes surgery.
Methods: Sixty-one patients who underwent the stapes surgery with the endoscopic and microscopic approach between January 2012-November 2018 were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups as a Group-I (endoscopic) and Group-II (microscopic). The audiometric measurements, duration of surgery, intraoperative findings and complications were recorded and evaluated retrospectively.
Results: Mean operative time for the Group-I and II was 45.1±8.4 minutes and 48.7±5.6 minutes, respectively (p>0.05). The preoperative and postoperative average air-bone gap in the Group-I was 27.8±7.2 dB and 8.7±3.4 dB and these values in Group-II were 30.2±5.1 dB and 7.4±4.8 dB, respectively (p<0.001). The requirement of chorda tympani nerve manipulation and scutum curettage were significantly less in Group-I as compared Group-II (p<0.05). Dysgeusia and postoperative pain were observed significantly higher ratios in Group-II relative to Group-I (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between endoscopic and microscopic approach in stapes surgery in terms of difficulty of prosthesis insertion (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Endoscopic stapes surgery provides comparable audiological outcomes, shorter operative times, fewer complications rates, and more minimally invasive surgery, relative to the microscopic approach.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.439
How to cite this:Gulsen S, Karatas E. Comparison of surgical and audiological outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic approach in stapes surgery. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):1387-1391. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.439
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Pediatric cardiac arrest in the emergency department: Outcome is related to the time of admission
Authors: Yurtseven Ali , Turan Caner , Karbek Akarca Funda , Saz Eylem Ulaş 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Nights and weekends represent a potentially high-risk time for pediatric cardiac arrest (CA) patients in emergency departments. Data regarding night or weekend arrest and its impact on outcomes is controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cardiopulmonary resuscitation during the various emergency department shifts and survival to discharge.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study of patients who had visited our Emergency Department for CAs from January 2014 to December 2016. Medical records and patient characteristics of 67 children with CA were retrieved from patient admission files.
Results: The mean age was 54.7±7.3 months and 59% were male. Rates of survival to discharge 35% (11/31) within working hours’ vs. out of working hours 3% (1/36). Among the CAs presenting to the emergency department, the survival rates were higher for working hours than for non-working hours (OR: 37.6 (2.62-539.7), p: 008). The rate of return of spontaneous circulation within working hours was higher than that of non-working hours (71% vs.19%) (p<0.001). Patients who received chest compression for more than 10 minutes had the lowest survival rate (2%) (p<0.001), whereas better outcome was associated with in-hospital CA, younger age (less than 12 months) and respiratory failure.
Conclusion: Survival rates from pediatric CAs were significantly lower during non-working hours. Poor outcome was associated with prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation, out of hospital CA and older age.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.487
How to cite this:Yurtseven A, Turan C, Akarca FK, Saz EU. Pediatric cardiac arrest in the emergency department: Outcome is related to the time of admission. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):1434-1440. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.487
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Cytogenetic investigation of couples with recurrent spontaneous miscarriages
Authors: Hanif Misbah Iqbal , Khan Ayesha , Arif Afsheen , Shoeb Erum 
Published: August 2019

Background & Objective: Spontaneous pregnancy loss has always been the frustrating experience for the couples and concern clinician. Chromosomal abnormality in either of the parent is considered to be the one of the leading cause of recurrent spontaneous miscarriages. This study was designed to evaluate the possible chromosomal etiology of miscarriage and the subsequent intimacy of maternal or paternal genetic abnormality.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted between January 2016 and October 2016 at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. A total of thirty-two couples were selected who had suffered with recurrent spontaneous miscarriages (RSM). Using conventional cytogenetic technique karyotyping was performed on all of the subjects. For the control twenty couples were also selected with no history of pregnancy loss. All the karyotypes were recorded on the standard method. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 22.
Results: Among thirty-two cases nine cases were found to have abnormal karyotype. In which sex chromosomal trisomy=02 (46,XY/47,XXY), marker chromosome=01 (47,XX,+mar), Robertsonian translocation=01 (45,XY,der,(14:21),(q10;q10)), reciprocal translocation=01 (46,XX,t(11;22)(q23;q11.2)), inversion=02 (46,XX,inv(9)(p11q13)) and minor structural abnormalities=02 (46,XX,15PS+) were found. Approximately equal ratio with 1:1.25 was observed among male and female carrier respectively. Non-significant difference was found between the ages of both carriers (p=0.34). Though a significant different value was calculated in the case of number of miscarriage (p=0.004*). Moreover, no significant association was found among spontaneous miscarriage (SM) and recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) with respect to maternal age (p= 0.157).
Conclusion: In the recent study possible chromosomal abnormalities suggested the evaluation of the patient with the history of recurrent spontaneous miscarriage must include conventional cytogenetic. Moreover, probe development and extended investigation can ease the prognosis among pregnancy related complication.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.678
How to cite this:Hanif MI, Khan A, Arif A, Shoeb E. Cytogenetic investigation of couples with recurrent spontaneous miscarriages. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):1422-1427. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.678
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The effect of short pregnancy interval on perinatal outcomes in Turkey: A retrospective study
Authors: SARAL Nevşen , CAMBAZ ULAŞ Seval 
Published: August 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of short pregnancy interval on perinatal outcomes.
Methods: The research was a retrospective study. The material consisted of birth records of a state hospital for the last three years in Manisa in the western region of Turkey (2015-2017) (n:8961). The research population included women whose gestational interval was ≤two years and the gestational week was over 22 weeks (n:2089). Perinatal outcomes were assessed through preterm birth, stillbirth, and low birth weight.
Results: The mean age of women who are in the research group is 26.7 ± 5.32. According to the perinatal results of women with a pregnancy interval of two years and shorter; 8.2% of women had birth before 37 weeks and 0.3% resulted in stillbirth. It was determined that 4.8% of infants were born with low birth weight. There was no difference between the short pregnancy interval and stillbirth or preterm birth. However, a significant difference was found between the low birth weight and short pregnancy interval. (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Pregnancy interval does not affect preterm birth and stillbirth from perinatal outcomes, but has a significant effect on the birth weight of the newborn.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.837
How to cite this:Saral N, Ulas SC. The effect of short pregnancy interval on perinatal outcomes in Turkey: A retrospective study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):1243-1247. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.837
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Constrained Assortment Optimization Under the Markov Chain–based Choice Model
Authors: Désir Antoine , Goyal Vineet , Segev Danny , Ye Chun 
Published: August 2019

Assortment optimization is an important problem that arises in many practical applications such as retailing and online advertising. The fundamental goal is to select a subset of items to offer from a universe of substitutable items to maximize expected revenue when customers exhibit a random substitution behavior captured by a choice model. We study assortment optimization under the Markov chain choice model in the presence of capacity constraints that arise naturally in many applications. The Markov chain choice model considers item substitutions as transitions in a Markov chain and provides a good approximation for a large class of random utility models, thereby addressing the challenging problem of model selection in choice modeling. In this paper, we present constant factor approximation algorithms for the cardinality- and capacity-constrained assortment-optimization problem under the Markov chain model. We show that this problem is APX-hard even when all item prices are uniform, meaning that, unless P = NP, it is not possible to obtain an approximation better than a particular constant. Our algorithmic approach is based on a new externality adjustment paradigm that exactly captures the externality of adding an item to a given assortment on the remaining set of items, thereby allowing us to linearize a nonlinear, nonsubmodular, and nonmonotone revenue function and to design an iterative algorithm that iteratively builds up a provably good assortment. This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Peran Identitas Agama Terhadap Niat Menggunakan Kosmetik Halal : Perluasan Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Nugroho Anton Priyo , Izzat Dzulfikar , Suhasti Wuri 
Published: August 2019

Market share of halal cosmetics in Indonesia increased all of the time. It was not surprising, as a country with the biggest Moslem population in the world, the need of halal cosmetics is a must. Had it trued that the consumption of halal cosmetics driven by religion (Islam) as a social identity or by other factors. This study tried to find the role of religion as consumer’s social identity with extended theory planned behavior. This study used purposived sampling technics among 100 collage students in Yogyakarta and analyzed with partial Least Square (PLS)s-SEM used smartPLS software. This research found that religion identity was not influenced toward intention to use cosmetics halal. The other variables, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control have a positive and significant influenced toward intention to use halal cosmetics.
Hidrocarbonetos têm lado? A Bolívia, o Globo e a Política Externa Brasileira
Authors: Monteiro Eduardo Da Nóbrega 
Published: August 2019

A nacionalização dos hidrocarbonetos, ocorrida durante o primeiro governo Lula da Silva remete, remete a uma discussão mais ampla sobre a relação entre mídia e política. No Brasil, parte do debate sobre a crise da nacionalização do gasoduto ocorreu no Parlamento e parte em importantes órgãos da imprensa brasileira. Considerando as premissas do conceito de agenda settinge do método de valência, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o comportamento da grande imprensa brasileira em relação a esse episódio, problematizando-o com o momento de reeleição do então presidente Lula da Silva. Selecionou-se o jornal O Globo, em formato impresso, considerando sua importância: na ocasião era o segundo jornal mais vendido no Brasil e membro do Grupo de Diários América. O marco cronológico definido observa que a cobertura do O Globo ficou mais negativa no mês de maio de 2006 para praticamente desaparecer após a reeleição do presidente Lula da Silva.
A Onda Neoliberal e os Seus Efeitos Assimétricos no Desempenho Econômico da América Latina e da Ásia Oriental
Authors: Targino Bruna Machado , Crespo Eduardo Alberto 
Published: August 2019

A partir do século XIX, o mundo experimentou as primeiras consequências globais da Revolução Industrial e a incontestável hegemonia econômica e geopolítica do “Ocidente”. Nesse período, a América Latina apresentou desempenhos mais favoráveis do que a Ásia Oriental tanto em termos econômicos quanto na sua capacidade de consolidar Estados modernos e centralizados. Contudo, essa realidade começou a mudar nos primeiros anos do pós-guerra com a descolonização e a formação de Estados centralizados na Ásia. Depois, com notável intensidade, a América Latina sofreu as consequências das crises financeiras da década de 1970 e a implementação de políticas neoliberais, que desmontaram os mecanismos estatais de promoção ao desenvolvimento – orientação que não atingiu a Ásia Oriental no mesmo grau. Nesse sentido, para discutir o desempenho econômico de ambas regiões em longo prazo, oferecemos algumas chaves para interpretar a “inversão de fortunas”com base nos impactos da guerra, na concorrência interestatal e na coesão social.
Políticas Públicas: Conceito, Ciclo, Processo de Formação e sua Ineficácia no Âmbito do Sistema Penitenciário Brasileiro
Authors: Fonseca Vicente , Bonfim Filho Ernany 
Published: August 2019

Resumo: a proposta do presente artigo é investigar a problemática da construção e implementação de políticas públicas para o Sistema Penitenciário Brasileiro, em especial, aquela política penitenciária voltada ao direito humano fundamental ao trabalho da pessoa, independentemente das condições em que se encontre. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se inicialmente a importância do entendimento do ciclo das políticas públicas, desde o surgimento do problema social até a implementação da política pública aprovada com posterior avaliação de resultados. Em um segundo momento, constata-se por intermédio de pesquisa de dados secundários, as altas taxas de reincidência penal e aumento dos delitos, de forma que as políticas públicas não estão conseguindo alcançar resultados satisfatórios. A pesquisa fundamentou-se em teóricos sobre o tema políticas públicas, além de colheita de dados secundários extraídos de fontes disponíveis no Conselho Nacional de Justiça – CNJ, Informações Penitenciárias – INFOPEN e no Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas Aplicadas – IPEA -.Palavras-chave: Política pública; direitos humanos da pessoa presa. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to investigate the problem of the construction and implementation of public policies for the Brazilian Penitentiary System, in particular, that penitentiary policy focused on the fundamental human right to the person 's work, regardless of the conditions in which they are found. In this sense, the importance of understanding the public policy cycle, from the emergence of the social problem to the implementation of the approved public policy with subsequent evaluation of results, is emphasized initially. Secondly, through secondary data research, the high rates of criminal recidivism and increased crime are found, so that public policies are not achieving satisfactory results. The research was based on theorists on the subject of public policies, as well as the collection of secondary data extracted from sources available in the National Council of Justice (CNJ), Penitentiary Information (INFOPEN) and the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA).Keywords: Public policy, human right of the person arrested.
Comparison of expectations between veterinarians and veterinary nurses in tasks and responsibilities in clinical practice
Authors: Harvey Laura , Cameron Kristie 
Published: August 2019

Background: It is reported that expectations from veterinary nurses and veterinarians on the clinical tasks veterinary nurses undertake in practice vary widely. Aims: To understand the difference in tasks and responsibilities reported by veterinary nurses in comparison to veterinarian expectations. Methods: Using an online survey, expectations regarding the capability of veterinary nurses undertaking clinical tasks in New Zealand veterinary clinics, were measured. Respondents were provided with a list of clinical tasks veterinary nurses are routinely trained to perform as part of formal veterinary nursing education, and two tasks veterinary nurses legally are currently not able to perform (cat neuters and dental extractions). Results: There were 288 responses from a veterinary nurse population of 1479 (19%), and 37 responses from a veterinarian population of 2425 (1.5%). Of respondents, 80% took blood samples, 78% placed intravenous (IV) catheters, 95% set-up of IV fluids, 72% carried out veterinary nurse consultations, 62% carried out clinical examinations, many carried out diagnostic testing (e.g. iDEXX/Vetscan (86%), urinalysis (88%), microscopy (51%), taking radiographs (81%)), 54% carried out dental scale and polish, 86% assisted with surgery, and 97% monitored anaesthetics. Veterinary nurses in New Zealand legally are currently not able to perform cat neuters and dental extractions — of these tasks, 25% and 26% of veterinary nurses reported having had training (either formal or informal) on performing cat neuters and dental extractions, with 12% and 16% of veterinary nurses reporting that they undertake this clinical procedure in practice. Conclusions: When looking at a selection of these tasks, comparing how many veterinarians report that veterinary nurses should be undertaking them, results show support for veterinary nurses undertaking these tasks. 100% of veterinarians support veterinary nurses placing IV catheters, with only 78% of veterinary nurses reporting completing this task, and 96% of veterinarians support veterinary nurses undertaking microscopy. In conclusion, veterinary nurses are trained in tasks they are not performing in clinical practice. The justification for this discrepancy is the subject of a future study with the aim of designing practical support for veterinary clinics to utilise the skills of veterinary nurses.
Learning transfer system inventory: evidências de validação para o Brasil
Authors: Afonso Carolina Campos , Borges-Andrade Jairo Eduardo 
Published: August 2019

O sucesso das empresas dependerá da velocidade com que as pessoas possam adquirir e transferir novas ideias e informações. Um instrumento que diagnostica fatores que afetam a transferência de treinamento foi estudado no Brasil, visando a obtenção de evidências de validação fatorial e preditiva. É chamado Learning Transfer System Inventory – LTSI, composto por 89 itens. Foi respondido por 898 membros de sete organizações brasileiras, no final de eventos de treinamento e desenvolvimento (T&D). A análise da máxima verossimilhança com rotação oblíqua foi a abordagem da análise fatorial exploratória utilizada. A análise paralela foi utilizada para decidir sobre o número de fatores a extrair e o peso fatorial de .3, para decidir sobre o número de itens a reter em cada fator. Encontraram-se 12 fatores, cujos alfas variaram entre .78 e .90. Entre 3 e 12 meses depois, foram aplicados os instrumentos de Impacto do Treinamento em Largura e o de Suporte à Transferência de Treinamento, desenvolvidos no Brasil e com boas evidências de validade. Correlações moderadas e fracas foram encontradas entre escores desses instrumentos e nove fatores do LTSI. O instrumento tem evidências de validade e pode ser utilizado pelos gestores de T&D no Brasil.
External Costs of Opencast Brown Coal Mining in Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry (on the Example of Wielkopolska)
Authors: Benedykt Pepliński 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aim of the work was to analyse the external costs for agriculture and agri-food industry related to the possible launch of lignite deposits in Wielkopolska, that is, on the Ościsłowo, Dęby Szlacheckie and Oczkowice deposits. The duration of the mine’s impact on the environment includes the period of drainage of the deposit, its exploitation and the time necessary for the reconstruction of water relations around the open pit. The level of losses in agricultural production was estimated based on the production results achieved by agriculture threatened by the occurrence of external costs based on the Central Statistical Office (CSO) data. The studies adopted two variants of the impact of open pitches on agriculture, including: the area of the estimated depression hopper, that is, the area in which the water table lowered by at least one meter and the entire impact area of the outcrop. In total, the external costs in agricultural production and processing, which may arise as a result of the launch of extraction from the three analysed deposits, were estimated at PLN 7.7–32.3 bn, losses in non-produced agricultural production at PLN 31.8–113.0 bn, while when the value of lignite is PLN 83.7–111.6 bn. Such high costs mean that the opening of new lignite deposits in Wielkopolska raises economic doubts. This also applies to each deposit separately.
MAKUNAIMA E MACUNAÍMA: DOIS TRICKSTERS
Authors: Amado Barreto Renato , Machado de Oliveira Ana Lúcia 
Published: August 2019

Macunaíma, protagonista da obra clássica de Mário de Andrade, foi inspirado no herói mitológico dos povos pemons, da região do circun-Roraima, Makunaima, um ser transnacional que existe em comunidades indígenas de três países sul-americanos: Brasil, Venezuela e Guiana. Veremos que os dois personagens são tricksters, e por isso têm diversos aspectos em comum. O trickster é um conceito extraído da observação de personagens mitológicos de culturas distintas, mas que conjugam certas características, dentre as quais se destacam a astúcia e o poder de mediação. Desse modo, primeiro discutiremos alguns aspectos essenciais dos tricksters. Ao final da primeira seção resumiremos, em tópicos, estes aspectos. Na segunda seção verificaremos, um a um, como eles se manifestam nos personagens em análise e em quais pontos percebemos interseções e afastamentos entre eles. Palavras-chave: Macunaíma; Makunaima; Trickster; Mitologia.