bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Lost in the sun”—The key role of perceived workplace support for sun‐protective behavior in outdoor workers
Authors: Schilling Laura , Schneider Sven , Görig Tatiana , Spengler Maria , Greinert Rüdiger , Breitbart Eckhard W. , Diehl Katharina 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPrevious studies show that workplace support for sun‐protective behaviors plays an important role in the actual sun‐protective behavior of outdoor workers. Therefore, our aim was to examine perceived workplace support (organizational and social support) in relation to different sun‐protective behaviors.MethodsA Germany‐wide sample of outdoor workers (n = 485) was surveyed via telephone. We analyzed associations of workplace support with sun‐protective behaviors, sociodemographic, and occupational characteristics, occupational sun exposure, and concerns about sun.ResultsA large number of outdoor workers perceived no workplace support for sun protection (eg, 17.8% agreed that sun protection is enforced at their workplace). We found that those who do not get any support are less likely to show sun‐protective behaviors.ConclusionsA starting point for a better organizational support is the implementation of mandatory sun protection policies in the workplace. Social support for protection against solar UV exposure can be promoted through safety training and education.
Maternal condition and maternal investment during lactation in mantled howler monkeys
Authors: Dias Pedro Américo D. , Cano‐Huertes Beatriz , Coyohua‐Fuentes Alejandro , Chavira‐Ramírez David Roberto , Canales‐Espinosa Domingo , Rangel‐Negrín Ariadna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesLactation is a costly reproductive state for females, as it may entail decreased body condition, increased morbidity, and increased mortality risk. To offset these costs, mothers should allocate investment in infant care as a function of their physical condition. Here, we assessed the relationship between maternal condition and maternal investment in wild mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) to determine: (1) whether maternal physical condition varied as a function of food availability, activity levels and feeding effort throughout lactation; (2) whether maternal investment was affected by maternal condition and offspring age.Materials and methodsWe studied six adult females while rearing their immature offspring. We determined weekly food availability, C‐peptide levels (as a measure of energy balance) in urine samples (306 samples), mothers' time budgets, feeding rates, time spent vigilant, and time spent carrying their offspring (for two years; 600 observation hours).ResultsC‐peptide levels were positively related to food availability. Maternal care in terms of vigilance and offspring carrying peaked at early lactation and decreased progressively with offspring age. Carrying was positively related to C‐peptide levels and was also influenced by variation in maternal condition throughout lactation.DiscussionThese results converge with previous theoretical and empirical studies on this topic and contribute to the growing evidence that nonhuman primate mothers allocate maternal care based on their current condition to maximize lifetime reproductive success.
Catalytic Promiscuity of Galactose Oxidase: A Mild Synthesis of Nitriles from Alcohols, Air, and Ammonia
Authors: Vilím Jan , Knaus Tanja , Mutti Francesco G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe report an unprecedented catalytically promiscuous activity of the copper‐dependent enzyme galactose oxidase. The enzyme catalyses the one‐pot conversion of alcohols into the related nitriles under mild reaction conditions in ammonium buffer, consuming ammonia as the source of nitrogen and dioxygen (from air at atmospheric pressure) as the only oxidant. Thus, this green method does not require either cyanide salts, toxic metals, or undesired oxidants in stoichiometric amounts. The substrate scope of the reaction includes benzyl and cinnamyl alcohols as well as 4‐ and 3‐pyridylmethanol, giving access to valuable chemical compounds. The oxidation proceeds through oxidation from alcohol to aldehyde, in situ imine formation, and final direct oxidation to nitrile.
N‐deoxycholic acid‐O‐glycol chitosan as a potential carrier agent for botanical pesticide rotenone
Authors: Yusoff S. N. M. , Kamari A. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe potential of amphiphilic chitosan derivative, namely, N‐deoxycholic acid‐O‐glycol chitosan (DAGC), as a carrier agent for pesticide rotenone was assessed for the first time. The physicochemical properties of DAGC were characterized using several analytical instruments such as 1H‐NMR spectrometer, CHN‐O elemental analyzer, FTIR spectrometer, TGA, DSC, and UV–visible spectrophotometer. DAGC formed self‐aggregation in the solution with a spherical shape of 67.5–83.3 nm. Rotenone‐loaded DAGC could give an encapsulation efficiency of up to 91.69%. DAGC micelles exhibit good control release properties as it can prolong the release of rotenone up to 41 h more than free rotenone. The Korsmeyer–Peppas constant (n) values suggest that rotenone release from DAGC micelles was governed by diffusion and relaxation of DAGC chains. The results from this study conclude that DAGC is viable to be applied as a carrier agent in pesticide formulation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46855.
One‐pot synthesis of palm oil‐based polyester polyol for production of biodegradable and biocompatible polyurethane
Authors: Yeoh F. H. , Lee C. S. , Kang Y. B. , Wong S. F. , Cheng S. F. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTPalm oil‐based polyester polyol was synthesized by reacting epoxidized palm olein with malonic acid under a convenient one‐pot synthesis method. The optimum reaction time, temperature, and functionality molar ratio were determined. The optimal polyol consisted of hydroxyl and acid values of 98.19 and 1.44 mg KOH/g sample, 95% conversion of epoxides and Mn of 5201 Da; and the chemical structure was elucidated by Fourier transform infrared , Carbon‐13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 1H‐NMR. The polyol was appeared as light‐yellowish liquid with cloud and pour points of 12 and 10 °C and reacted with isophorone diisocyanate to produce polyurethane with interconnected pores ranged 35–2165 μm, porosity ranged 89–90%, tensile strength ranged 59–78 kPa, and compression stress ranged 48–55 kPa. The polyurethanes showed 120–260% water‐uptake and controlled mass loss (1.6–15.3%) after 28 days of enzymatic degradation. PU 1 demonstrated slight cytotoxicity with cell proliferation and adhesion observed after 24 h incubation, demonstrated its potential as biomaterial for biomedical applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46861.
Composite of polyaniline‐bismuth selenide with enhanced thermoelectric performance
Authors: Mitra M. , Kulsi C. , Kargupta K. , Ganguly S. , Banerjee D. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTConducting polymer‐chalcogenide composites have recently been used as propitious contenders for light‐weight, cost‐saving, and nonhazardous thermoelectric (TE) applications. In this work, polyaniline‐bismuth selenide (PANI‐Bi2Se3) nanoplate composites are fabricated via combining in situ oxidative polymerization and solvothermal method. X‐ray diffraction spectra illustrate a uniform growth of PANI matrix over Bi2Se3 nanoplates (BS NPs), directing toward a more ordered composite structure during polymerization. There is a reduction in average crystalline‐size, estimated from Williamson–Hall plot for the composite. Transmission electron microscopic and field emission microscopic images unveil the formation of two‐dimensional (2D) layered‐like structure of the composite. Fourier transform infrared spectra shows the interactions between the BS NPs along with the polymer chains by forming a 2D layered‐like composite structure. The enhanced transport properties can be elucidated on the basis of 2D variable‐range hopping model. The augmentation of power factor (S2σ) of the composite is nearly 30 times with an insignificant change in thermal conductivity (κ) as compared to PANI. This improves the high temperature TE performance (ZT = S2σT/κ~0.18) of the composite with 30 wt % BS NPs (ZTPANI~0.009). © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46887.
Linear segmented polyurethanes. II. A mathematical model for the prepolymerization stage
Authors: Polo M. L. , Pesoa J. I. , Nicolau V. V. , Spontón M. E. , Estenoz D. A. , Meira G. R. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIn the first part of this sequel, an experimental investigation on the synthesis of linear segmented polyurethanes was presented, that included estimation of the kinetic constants at 60°C for the prepolymerization and finishing stages. This work presents two comprehensive mathematical models that simulate the mentioned prepolymerizations, in reactions between two poly(tetramethylene oxide) PTMO macrodiols and an excess of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. The models require to input the molar mass distribution (MMD) of the initial macrodiol. The single‐phase (or homogeneous) model calculates a final MMD of approximately 40,000 different molecular species, and somewhat underestimates the observed molar mass dispersities. The double‐phases (or heterogeneous) model produces a better fit of the observed MMDs by simulating two independent polymerizations carried out in parallel. The double‐phases model contains three adjustable parameters: the reaction imbalances into both phases, and an “effective” rate constant. In part III of this sequel, the presented models will be extended to simulate the finishing stages. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46946.
HSTPNSim: An educational simulator for multi‐disciplinary modeling for hybrid system
Authors: Cao Ruimin , Bai Guoli , Hao Lina , Gao Qiang , Deng Junxiang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHSTPNSim is proposed as a kind of visual multi‐disciplinary system modeling and simulation educational simulator for beginners. An example of grid automatic sorting system is taken for to introduce the function and simulation process of HSTPNSim. An electronic questionnaire is designed to investigate modeling works, operation experience, function evaluation, and promotion willingness.
Tunable Color of Aggregation‐Induced Emission Enhancement in a Family of Hydrogen‐Bonded Azines and Schiff Bases
Authors: Guieu Samuel , Cardona Francisco , Rocha João , Silva Artur M. S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA simple synthesis strategy afforded a family of hydrogen‐bonded azines and Schiff‐bases. Although in dilute solution these dyes are faint light emitters, all exhibit bright luminescence upon aggregation. Changing the peripheral substituents from electron donating to electron withdrawing allows emission fine‐tuning in a range from bluish‐green to orange‐red. The crystal structures of the materials reveal that the restriction of intramolecular rotations is the main mechanism for the aggregation‐induced emission enhancement properties.
Computational Comparative Mechanistic Study of C−E (E=C,N,O,S) Coupling Reactions through CO2 Activation Mediated by Uranium(III) Complexes
Authors: Ding Wanjian , Liu Yanxiao , Wang Dongqi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA DFT mechanistic study is undertaken on the functionalization of CO2 to form C−C, C−N, C−S, and C−O bonds promoted by trivalent uranium complexes (Tp*)2UR [Tp*=hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)‐borate ligand, R= −C≡CPh (Cpda‐CC), −C≡CSiMe3 (Cpda‐CSi), −NHPh (Cpda‐N), −SPh (Cpda‐S), and −OPh (Cpda‐O)]. These model systems are similar in view of their two‐step reaction mechanisms, that is, the insertion of CO2 into the U−E (E=C, N, O, S) bond to form a [U‐κ1‐O2C] intermediate, followed by the reorientation of the carboxylate group to coordinate with the U atom in the κ2 manner (Cpdb‐X, X=CC, CSi, N, S, O). However, the free energy barriers to the rate‐determining steps are substantially different, increasing in the order Cpda‐S<Cpda‐CC<Cpda‐Csi<Cpda‐N<Cpda‐O, which suggests that the bond property of the U−E bonds and the nucleophilicity of the R groups govern the reactivity of the trivalent U complexes. The insertion product may then be silylated in the presence of trimethylsilyl iodide. Two potential mechanisms have been investigated with the −O2CR group attacking the Si atom from the side cis (frontside) or trans (backside) to the I atom. The backside pathway was found to be more feasible in view of the free energy barriers and thermicity.
Single‐molecule localization microscopy of septin bundles in mammalian cells
Authors: Vissa Adriano , Giuliani Maximiliano , Froese Carol D. , Kim Moshe S. , Soroor Forooz , Kim Peter K. , Trimble William S. , Yip Christopher M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSeptins are a conserved family of GTPases that associate with numerous components of the cytoskeleton and the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. These proteins are involved in many biological processes, including cell division and membrane trafficking, and serving as a scaffolding component of the cytoskeleton used to recruit other proteins and form diffusion barriers to maintain the composition of membrane domains. In order to carry out their cellular functions, septins undergo interactions via their NC or G interfaces to form heteromeric rod‐like structures that can polymerize into filaments and associate laterally into bundles. While electron microscopy studies of affinity‐tagged and purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae septin complexes have provided evidence for this periodic organization and in‐registry lateral bundling in vitro, the in‐vivo arrangement of stress fiber‐associated septin bundles in mammalian cells remains poorly characterized. We report here on a direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy and photoactivated localization microscopy study of the 2D spatial distribution of septins in mammalian cells. From simulated and experimental results, we show the effects of labeling method, labeling efficiency, and fluorescent emitter photophysics on image reconstruction and interpretation. Our experimental results are consistent with septin organization by polymerization of hetero‐octamers and an approximate 30–35 nm periodicity between subsequent units of SEPT2–SEPT2 or SEPT9–SEPT9.
Multi‐objective optimization algorithm of adaptive entropy wireless network based on embedded DSP
Authors: Sun Lingfan , Gui Lin 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe dynamic changes and uncertainties of wireless networks bring a lot of difficulties to the target management and task scheduling. In order to accurately grasp the target dynamic optimization and available capacity information, a new algorithm based on adaptive entropy and multi‐objective optimization is proposed. In adaptive entropy, the objective function and constraint condition of the maximum entropy and entropy increasing principle are used to select the objective which satisfies the maximization of the system, and the optimal scheduling is carried out, and then the multi‐objective optimization is carried out on the selected target, to migrate, release the target of heavy optimization and long‐term unavailability, which can reduce the energy consumption, realize the optimization balance, and improve the system utilization rate. The simulation experiment is designed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the adaptive entropy algorithm is very effective for user QoS and system maximization, which enhances the system utilization rate. This optimization algorithm has realized the user QoS guarantee, reduces the energy consumption, the optimized equilibrium, the enhanced system utilization, and so on many optimization goals.
PAPR reduction in ECMA‐368 UWB communication systems using parametric discrete sliding norm transform
Authors: Mehallel Elhadi , Abed Djamel , Boukrouche Abdelhani , Medjouri Abdelkader 
Published: September 2018

SummaryECMA‐368 Standard adopts multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB‐OFDM) for high rate ultra‐wideband (UWB) communication systems as a possible candidate for indoor wireless personnel area networks. One of the main drawbacks of MB‐OFDM modulation is the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR), which limits the power efficiency of the digital‐to‐analog converter and the high power amplifier due to nonlinear distortion. In this paper, a post inverse discrete Fourier transform nonlinear transformation called parametric discrete sliding norm transform (PDSNT) is proposed to reduce the PAPR in MB‐OFDM systems. The PDSNT method in addition to its much lower computational complexity than other schemes recently proposed for ECMA‐368 UWB systems introduces an efficient controlling parameter to obtain a good tradeoff between PAPR reduction and bit error rate (BER) performance degradation. Simulation results show that the proposed PDSNT‐based MB‐OFDM scheme can achieve better performance in PAPR reduction than conventional solutions with affordable BER performance degradation in UWB channel models.
A theoretically guided approach to identifying predictors of treatment outcome in Contextual Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for chronic pain
Authors: Gilpin Helen R. , Stahl Daniel R. , McCracken Lance M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychological treatments are known to be effective for chronic pain, but little is understood about which patients are most likely to benefit from which ones.MethodsThe study reported here included 609 people who attended a residential, interdisciplinary, pain management programme based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy between January 2012 and August 2014. A flexible and theoretically guided approach to model building based on fractional polynomials was used to identify potential predictors of outcome in domains of emotional, physical and social functioning and pain intensity. Variables considered for inclusion were baseline demographic variables along with measures reflecting processes of psychological flexibility, including acceptance, cognitive defusion and committed action.ResultsEmployment status, level of distress, decentring (a process like cognitive defusion) and acceptance significantly contributed to the model above and beyond the effects of other baseline variables. The unique effects of these were small but may be clinically relevant.ConclusionsFuture research should continue to investigate moderators of treatment outcome and to explicitly link these to treatment mechanisms. Taking a flexible, theoretically driven approach to modelling continuous outcomes may be valuable in furthering our understanding of which patients might respond best to which treatments.SignificanceFurther research is needed to better understand who benefits most from psychological treatments for chronic pain. This study suggests that a flexible, multivariate and theoretical approach to identifying predictors of outcome may be valuable in furthering research in this area.
Combination of submandibular salivary gland transfer and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy to reduce dryness of mouth (xerostomia) in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Scrimger Rufus A , Seikaly Hadi , Vos Larissa J. , Harris Jeffrey , O'Connell Dan , Ghosh Sunita , Debenham Brock , Jha Naresh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundXerostomia is a debilitating side effect of radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Combining surgical submandibular‐gland transfer (SMGT) with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) may provide greater protection of salivary function.MethodsThis was a single‐institution, prospective phase II feasibility trial. Patients with head and neck cancer or unknown primary with neck node metastases received primary surgery with SMGT and postoperative radiotherapy with tomotherapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions). Toxicity and quality of life (QOL) were assessed before surgery, before RT, and after RT.ResultsForty patients received SMGT and IMRT. Only 1 patient experienced grade 3 salivary gland toxicity. At 12 months post‐RT, the rate of absent or only mild xerostomia was 89%, and salivary flow rates were approximately 75% of pre‐RT levels.ConclusionsThe combination of IMRT with SMGT is feasible and with improved dose constraints may maximally spare the parotid and submandibular glands, leading to decreased xerostomia and improved patient QOL.
Chemical Crosslinking‐Mass Spectrometry (CXL‐MS) for Proteomics, Antibody‐Drug Conjugates (ADCs) and Cryo‐Electron Microscopy (cryo‐EM)
Authors: Pal Shreya , Ganesan Keerthiga , Eswaran Sambasivan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChemical crosslinking‐mass spectrometry (CXL‐MS) has emerged as a powerful tool in structural biology to elucidate protein–protein interactions. This review throws light on the advent of these technologies incorporating chemical crosslinking in proteomics, structural biology and extended to studies and applications of antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs). Monoclonal ASCs are known to target their specific receptors, where the drug could be released for vastly improved therapeutic effect. Cryo‐electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) is being referred to as the “revolution of the century” as it can help attain almost atomic resolution, while preserving the biological samples at near‐native state and has been recognized by the Nobel award 2017. CXL‐MS and appropriate bioinformatics tools in combination with cryo‐EM reveal better 3D information about dynamic interactions in proteins, interactive domains and motifs, among others in ADCs and in viruses like Zika virus, Rota virus, Dengue virus and also spliceosomes at resolutions, especially below 3 Å. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(10):947–960, 2018
Evaluation of neurobehavioral impairment in methylmercury‐treated KK‐Ay mice by dynamic weight‐bearing test
Authors: Yamamoto Megumi , Motomura Eriko , Yanagisawa Rie , Hoang Van Anh Thi , Mogi Masaki , Mori Tomohisa , Nakamura Masaaki , Takeya Motohiro , Eto Komyo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMethylmercury (MeHg) is known to cause neurobehavioral impairment in human and experimental animals. We previously reported that MeHg (5 mg Hg/kg) induced severe neurobehavioral dysfunction in 4‐week‐old KK‐Ay mice, although it is difficult to evaluate quantitatively the neurobehavioral impairment in MeHg‐treated KK‐Ay mice because of their obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate MeHg‐induced neurobehavioral dysfunction in KK‐Ay mice using the dynamic weight‐bearing test, which analyzes the animal's weight distribution between the four limbs. Male 12‐week‐old KK‐Ay mice were treated with MeHg (5 mg Hg/kg) three times per week for 5 weeks. Body weight loss began after approximately 2 weeks of MeHg treatment, and decreased significantly at 4 weeks. Seven of the nine MeHg‐treated mice exhibited overt neurological symptoms such as ataxia and gait disturbance. The weight‐bearing load was lower for the forelimb than for the hindlimb at baseline and until 1 week after MeHg treatment was initiated. In weeks 2‐4, the dynamic weight‐bearing loads on the forelimb and hindlimb were similar. The load on the forelimb exceeded the load on the hindlimb after 5 weeks of treatment. This finding indicates that the dynamic weight‐bearing test is useful for semi‐quantitative evaluation of neurobehavioral impairment in MeHg‐treated rodents, and is less stressful for the animals. Infiltration of CD204‐positive macrophages was observed in the sciatic nerve of MeHg‐treated mice, suggesting that CD204 can serve as a useful marker of tissue injury in peripheral nerves and a possible target in regenerating peripheral nerves and controlling neuropathies.