bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enforcement of labor regulations and job flows: evidence from Brazilian cities
Authors: Abras Ana , Almeida Rita K. , Carneiro Pedro , Corseuil Carlos Henrique L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe frequency of labor inspections in Brazil increased in the late 1990s. In the years that followed, between 2003 and 2007, formal employment expanded significantly in the country. This paper examines whether these city-level changes in labor inspections could be a significant factor contributing to the increase in the number of formal labor contracts at the city level. We exploit unique administrative data on formal employment on different indicators for job and worker flows—including job creation, destruction, reallocation, accessions, and separations—between 1996 and 2006, and on the intensity of labor inspections, both at the city level. The results show that increases in the enforcement of labor market regulations at the subnational level led to an increase in gross and net formal job creation rates and accession rates in a period when the Brazilian GDP and formal employment were growing and informality rates were declining. In contrast, increases in enforcement of regulations are not significantly correlated with changes in the rate of job destruction. This finding is robust to different specifications and is consistent with a model where formal jobs become more attractive to workers when enforcement of different types of labor regulations increases.JEL ClassificationJ21, J63, E24, H80, C23
The effects of input enhancement and explicit instruction on developing Iranian lower-intermediate EFL learners’ explicit knowledge of passive voice
Authors: Bakhshandeh-Rostami Iran , Jafari Khadijeh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe importance of teaching explicit knowledge of grammar has been one of the most controversial issues in L2 instruction. Despite the existence of considerable number of studies on different methods of grammar instruction, very few studies have investigated the role of explicit instruction and input enhancement on developing EFL learners’ explicit knowledge of grammatical structures. Therefore, this study is an attempt to investigate the effects of input enhancement and explicit instruction on developing Iranian EFL learners’ explicit knowledge of simple present and simple past passive voice. To this end, 48 lower- intermediate EFL students participated in the present research and a pretest-posttest quasi experimental design with two experimental groups and a control group was adopted. While the participants in the explicit instruction group received explicit instruction on selected passive forms, those in the enhanced input received the same passages but the target passive forms were enhanced via bolding and underlining, and the control group received the same texts but in the original form with no enhancement or explicit instruction. To measure participants’ explicit knowledge of the target passive voice, two valid measures including untimmed grammaticality judgement test (UGJT) and metalinguistic knowledge test (MKT) were used. One-way ANOVA results indicated the superiority of the explicit instruction in developing explicit knowledge of passive voice. The findings have some pedagogical implications for EFL teachers and material developers.
Pembrolizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy Before Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma (PURE-01): An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Study
Authors: Necchi Andrea , Anichini Andrea , Raggi Daniele , Briganti Alberto , Massa Simona , Lucianò Roberta , Colecchia Maurizio , Giannatempo Patrizia , Mortarini Roberta , Bianchi Marco , Farè Elena , Monopoli Francesco , Colombo Renzo , Gallina Andrea , Salonia Andrea , Messina Antonella , Ali Siraj M. , Madison Russell , Ross Jeffrey S. , Chung Jon H. , Salvioni Roberto , Mariani Luigi , Montorsi Francesco 
Published: October 2018

Purpose To determine the activity of pembrolizumab as neoadjuvant immunotherapy before radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) for which standard cisplatin-based chemotherapy is poorly used. Patients and Methods In the PURE-01 study, patients had a predominant urothelial carcinoma histology and clinical (c)T≤3bN0 stage tumor. They received three cycles of pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks before RC. The primary end point in the intention-to-treat population was pathologic complete response (pT0). Biomarker analyses included programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression using the combined positive score (CPS; Dako 22C3 pharmDx assay), genomic sequencing (FoundationONE assay), and an immune gene expression assay. Results Fifty patients were enrolled from February 2017 to March 2018. Twenty-seven patients (54%) had cT3 tumor, 21 (42%) cT2 tumor, and two (4%) cT2-3N1 tumor. One patient (2%) experienced a grade 3 transaminase increase and discontinued pembrolizumab. All patients underwent RC; there were 21 patients with pT0 (42%; 95% CI, 28.2% to 56.8%). As a secondary end point, downstaging to pT<2 was achieved in 27 patients (54%; 95% CI, 39.3% to 68.2%). In 54.3% of patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10% (n = 35), RC indicated pT0, whereas RC indicated pT0 in only 13.3% of those with CPS < 10% (n = 15). A significant nonlinear association between tumor mutation burden (TMB) and pT0 was observed, with a cutoff at 15 mutations/Mb. Expression of several genes in pretherapy lesions was significantly different between pT0 and non-pT0 cohorts. Significant post-therapy changes in the TMB and evidence of adaptive mechanisms of immune resistance were observed in residual tumors. Conclusion Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab resulted in 42% of patients with pT0 and was safely administered in patients with MIBC. This study indicates that pembrolizumab could be a worthwhile neoadjuvant therapy for the treatment of MIBC when limited to patients with PD-L1–positive or high-TMB tumors.
Midodrine use in intensive care unit patients recovering from septic shock
Authors: Dziuk Bethannie D , Iwuji Kenneth 
Published: October 2018

Background: With the rising cost of ICU care and concerns about vasopressor associated complications, clinicians need oral medications that can hasten recovery from septic shock in patients requiring low dose IV vasopressors.Methods: We retrieved all the available studies published on PubMed and Embase (until September 2018) that reported the use of midodrine in septic shock.Results: Levine et al reported a decrease in the intravenous vasopressor infusion rate from -0.62 ± 1.40 mcg/min per hour before midodrine to -2.20 ± 2.45 mcg/min per hour after the first four doses of midodrine (P = 0.012). Whitson et al reported a two-day decrease in mean ICU length of stay when midodrine was used with IV vasopressors (P = 0.017).Conclusions: Midodrine may have the potential to hasten vasopressor weaning in patients recovering from septic shock, but there are limited published data available to support its use in these patients.
Effect of Heterogeneous Field Conditions on Corn Seeding Depth Accuracy and Uniformity
Authors: Poncet Aurelie M. , Fulton John P. , McDonald Timothy P. , Knappenberger Thorsten , Shaw Joey N. , Bridges Rees W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Optimization of planter performance such as uniform seeding depth is required to maximize crop yield potential. Typically, seeding depth is manually adjusted prior to planting by selecting a row-unit depth and a row-unit downforce to ensure proper seed-soil contact. Once set, row-unit depth and downforce are usually not adjusted again for a field although soil conditions may vary. Optimization of planter performance requires automated adjustments of planter settings to varying soil conditions, but development of precision technologies with such capabilities requires a better understanding of soil-planter interactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate seeding depth response to varying soil conditions between and within fields and to discuss implications for development and implementation of active planting technologies. A 6-row John Deere MaxEmerge Plus planter equipped with heavy-duty downforce springs was used to plant corn ( L.) in central Alabama during the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Three depths (4.4, 7.0, and 9.5 cm) and three downforces (corresponding to an additional row-unit weight of 0.0, 1.1, and 1.8 kN) were selected to represent common practices. Depth and downforce were not readjusted between fields and growing seasons. Seeding depth was measured after emergence. Corn seeding depth significantly varied with heterogeneous soil conditions between and within fields and the planter failed to achieve uniform seeding depth across a field. Differences in corn seeding depth between fields and growing seasons were as high as 2.1 cm for a given depth and downforce combination. Corn seeding depth significantly co-varied with field elevation but not with volumetric soil water content. Seeding depth varied with elevation at a rate ranging from -0.1 cm/m to -0.6 cm/m. Seeding depth co-variation to field elevation account for some but not all site-specific seeding depth variability identified within each field trial. These findings provide a better understanding of site-specific seeding depth variability and issues to address for the development of site-specific planting technologies to control seeding depth accuracy and improve uniformity. Keywords: Depth control, Downforce, Planter, Precision agriculture, Seeding depth, Uniformity.
Generation and Characterization of Chicken Egg Yolk Antibodies against Bovine Interleukin-6
Authors: Yang Yi , Li Cui , Shavibuzhati Mikeremu , Zhang* XiaoYing 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifocal cytokine, has been widely regarded as a potential biomarker of diagnosis of disease. Thus, the antibody against IL-6 became more important in detecting IL-6. So far, the anti-human, rat, sheep and porcine IL-6 antibody has been reported. We aimed to produce chicken anti-bovine IL-6 immunoglobulin Y (IgY) polyclonal antibody. In the present study, the gene of bovine IL-6 were synthesized by company (Luoyang Laipson Information Technology Co., Ltd). Then the gene was cloned and expressed with pET-32a expression vector, and then followed by purification of recombinant bovine IL-6 (rbIL-6) protein with Ni-NTA resin. Protein mass of about 45 kDa was found with SDS-PAGE. Egg yolk IgY against rbIL-6 was extracted from egg yolk by the method of PEG precipitation after using the purified rbIL-6 to immune chicken. The egg yolk IgY polyclonal antibody was evaluated by indirect ELISA and Western blot followed by Checkerboard titration for optimal dilutions ratio of antigen and IgY/IgG titers. The results showed that the titer of anti-rbIL-6 IgY gradually raised after the first booster immunization. Booster immunizations were administered at 2-week intervals, and IgY titers were monitored to determine the immune response. The peak titer of anti-rbIL-6 IgY was 1:64 000 after the fifth booster immunization. The Western blot showed that the IgY could specific bind bovine IL-6. Conclusion: We successfully prepared anti-bovine IL-6 IgY polyclonal antibody that would contribute to bovine disease diagnostic test development for improving herd sanitary states of cattle and dairy farms. Keywords: Bovine interleukin-6, Egg yolk antibodies, Immunoglobulin Y, Indirect ELISA.
Shaking Functionality Evaluation of Four Different Types of Citrus Canopy-Shaker Tines
Authors: Liu Tian-Hu , Ehsani Reza , Toudeshki Arash , Abbas Muna , Zou Xiang-Jun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The shaking functionality of different types of shaking tines for citrus canopy shakers was evaluated. Shaking responses were simulated using ANSYS/LS-DYNA, and a tractor-mounted experimental shaking machine developed for conducting field trials. Straight nylon, bent nylon, straight PVC, and straight steel tines were used as shaking rods and, in experiments, accelerometers placed at branches and fruit to detect vibrational acceleration. Simulation results indicated that tine materials affected the vibrational response of trees and the acceleration peaks of branches and limbs exerted by a steel tine were ~2.0 times as high as exerted by a nylon tine. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the tine bending stiffness had a positive effect on the generated acceleration. Tree injuries caused by a straight nylon tine were much less than by other tines. The results suggested that a shaking tine should have high stiffness, but its surface should be soft. These simulation and experiment methods can be used for improving canopy shaker applications. Keywords: Citrus harvest, Canopy shaking, Shaking functionality, Trial.
The Effect of Friction on Actuation Torques of Foldable Rollover Protective Structures
Authors: Khorsandi Farzaneh , Ayers Paul D. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The number of fatal tractor rollover accidents with an inoperative foldable rollover protective structure (FROPS) has increased sharply in recent years. Operators frequently leave the FROPS in the folded-down position after lowering the FROPS to pass a low overhead obstacle. One possible explanation for leaving the FROPS in the folded position is that raising and lowering the FROPS is a time-consuming and strenuous process. The actuation torques required to raise and lower a FROPS are not well known and may be influenced by friction. The actuation torques of ten FROPS from four different models were measured. One model FROPS was tested on seven different vehicles, and three models were tested separately. The dynamic and static (initiation and holding) actuation torques were measured to evaluate the effect of static and kinetic friction on actuation torque. The dynamic actuation torques were measured before and after greasing the FROPS. The proposed instruction to measure the actuation torque based on OECD Code 7 was evaluated. Results showed that friction has a significant effect on the measured actuation torque and can increase the actuation torque by up to 212%. The friction varies between FROPS of the same model, which is due to variations in the manufacturing, maintenance, and age of the FROPS. The friction force could be decreased by greasing the FROPS, and decreasing the friction increased the lowering resisting torques and decreased raising torques of FROPS. The measured actuation torque based on OECD Code 7 instruction (static holding) is not a constant value. The dynamic method is recommended for measuring FROPS actuation torques. Keywords: Actuating torque, Foldable rollover protective structure, FROPS, Safety, Standards, Tractor.
Diversity of Ganoderma pathogen in Pontianak, West Kalimantan: Characteristics, virulence and ability to infect Acacia mangium seedlings
Authors: SURYANTINI ROSA , WULANDARI REINE SUCI 
Published: October 2018

Suryantini R, Wulandari RS. 2018. Diversity of Ganoderma pathogen in Pontianak, West Kalimantan: Characteristics, virulence and ability to infect Acacia mangium seedlings. Biodiversitas 19: 465-471. The study aimed to determine morphological characteristics and virulence of Ganoderma isolates. The method that was used: isolation and characterization isolate from Acacia mangium, palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis); inoculation of isolate in A. mangium; its influence to seedling dry weight. Results showed that isolated from A. mangium is G. lucidum, from palm oil is G. boninense and isolated from rubber plant is G. applanatum. Symptoms were observed within 3 months after inoculation. Symptoms began with chlorosis, necrosis and then seedling death. The G. lucidum is of highest virulent (2.08) compare to G. boninense (1.42). Whereas the one which isolated from rubber plant is moderately virulent (0.92). Ganoderma infection was indicated by decreasing the dry weight of infected seedlings. Difference type of isolates did not significantly effect to the decreasing of seedling dry weight 3.82 g (inoculated by G. lucidum), 4.01 g (inoculated by G. boninense), 5.02 g (inoculated by G. applanatum). These results showed that these isolates (especially G. lucidum-like) are species to watch out as for Ganoderma root rot pathogen. The presence of perennials such as palm oil and infected rubber, can be a potential source of inoculum for A. mangium.
The comparison of aboveground C-stock between cacao-based agroforestry system and cacao monoculture practice in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SANTHYAMI SANTHYAMI , BASUKRIADI ADI , PATRIA MUFTI PETALA , ABDULHADI ROCHADI 
Published: October 2018

Santhyami, Basukriadi A, Patria MP, Abdulhadi R. 2018. The comparison of aboveground C-stock between cacao-based agroforestry system and cacao monoculture practice in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 472-479. One of the main cause of climate change is deforestation for agricultural purposes. Therefore, Agroforestry System-AFS is regarded as a benign approach to reduce pressure on natural forest while still meeting the needs of local communities. In West Sumatra, Indonesia, small-scale AFS with cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is the most commonly developed agroforestry system. At present, there is a tendency to intensify cacao-based AFS by reducing the shade trees leading to monoculture practice. Although many studies had demonstrated the benefits of agroforestry over monoculture, not many studies have been looking at the comparison of carbon stock (C-Stock) of cacao-based AFS with different types of shade trees, particularly in West Sumatra. This study aimed to compare the aboveground C-Stock of three types of cacao-based AFS developed in West Sumatra; (i) Cacao-Rubber (CR), (ii) Cacao Multi-strata (CM), (iii) Cacao-Coconut (CC) with monoculture practice. Using replicated nested plot design, data were collected in April-June 2017 in Pasaman District for CR and CM and Padang Pariaman District for CC and monoculture. Biomass of cacao and shade trees and saplings were determined using allometric equations. The highest total aboveground biomass and C-Stock was found in CC AFS system (an average of 206.84 Mg ha-1 containing 103.42 MgC ha-1, respectively). The lowest total aboveground biomass and C-Stock was found in monoculture system (an average of 20 Mg ha-1 containing 10 MgC ha-1, respectively). Cacao-based AFS in West Sumatra has the potential to contribute to carbon storage by increasing the stocking density of shade tress through carbon-friendly intensification. An additional incentives should be considered such as including the farmers in environmental service reward schemes for maintaining high C stocks in their farms.
Tree species composition and structure of dry forest in Mutis Timau Protected Forest Management Unit of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: ALMULQU AAH AHMAD , ARPORNPONG NOULKAMOL , BOONYANUPHAP JARUNTORN 
Published: October 2018

Almulqu AA, Arpornpong N, Boonyanuphap J. 2018. Tree species composition and structure of dry forest in Mutis Timau Protected Forest Management Unit of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 496-503. Plots 10,000 m2 were established in four sites of Mutis Timau Protected Forest Management Unit (Mutis Timau PFMU), in order (Koonkhunthod 2007)to determine tree species density, basal area, importance value index, species richness and to identify the relationship betwen species richness and abundance of trees. A total of 94 species belonging to 72 genera and 45 families were recorded. Species richness and forest structure were different between sites. Moraceae was the dominant tree family at most sites, particulary for Eucalyptus urophylla. The results suggest controlling the number of species, level on species distribution pattern, silvicultural interventions to pioneer species through thinning liberation, seeding and planting (pioneer species) could accelerate the tree regeneration of Mutis Timau PFMU in Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia.
Forest and land fires in Pelalawan District, Riau, Indonesia: Drivers, pressures, impacts and responses
Authors: TATA HESTI LESTARI , NARENDRA BUDI HADI , MAWAZIN MAWAZIN 
Published: October 2018

Tata HL, Narendra BH, Mawazin. 2018. Forest and land fires in Pelalawan District, Riau, Indonesia: Drivers, pressures, impacts and responses. Biodiversitas 19: 544-551. Pelalawan District of Riau Province, Indonesia was one of the districts most damaged by fire in 2015. Analysis of factors driving the fires, of pressures arising from the fires and of responses to the fires in Pelalawan District was conducted using two approaches: semi-structured interviews regarding social and policy aspects, and analysis of biophysical factors such as soil properties and spatial data. Results showed that forest functions (i.e. the functions served by different forest types) was positively related to hotspot density (R2=0.9868), while distance to nearest road less affected hotspot distribution (R2=0.1612). Multiple regression analysis of the relationship between hotspots density and four variables resulted in the following model: Y = 0.005384 + 0.000021 Soil Type + 0.000019 Distance to Road + 0.000038 Forest Functions + 0.000017 Land Use type. The pressures were expansion for agriculture, plantation and forest encroachment. Despite many negative impacts of fire, the burning practice on peatland could improve the pH and peat soil fertility (particularly ash and P contents). As a response to fire, a standard operational procedure for forest- and land-fire prevention was launched by the Governor of Riau Province in late 2015. A comprehensive and integrated policy package for forest and land fire prevention and control should include a social dimension in order to effectively reduce fire risk in the district.
Short Communication: The role of microbial rhizosphere in enhancing plant growth of Jatropha curcas in soil contaminated mercury
Authors: EKYASTUTI WIWIK , EKAMAWANTI HANNA ARTUTI 
Published: October 2018

Ekyastuti W, Ekamawanti HA. 2018. Short Communication: The role of microbial rhizosphere in enhancing plant growth of Jatropha curcas in soil contaminated mercury. Biodiversitas 19: 701-705. Soil in the area of ex-gold mining, has the chemical-physical constraints to the growth of plants. These chemical-physical constraints are low organic matter, poor of nutrient, acid pH, very low CEC, soil texture dominated by sand, and mercury contamination. This area needs to be rehabilitated. Previous research has found that Jatropha curcas as a plant tolerant to mercury. On the other hand, some types of microbial rhizosphere such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and mercury reducing bacteria (MRB) also have an ability to reduce mercury. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of microbial components of AMF and MRB in enhancing the growth of J. curcas in tailings contaminated mercury. The study was conducted in two places, in the greenhouse and in the tailing area of ex-gold mining, using factorial completely randomized design. Results showed that interactions between AMF and MRB were simultaneously able to enhance the growth of J. curcas not only in the greenhouse, but also in the field (tailing area). In the greenhouse (nursery), several isolates of Bacillus sp, Bacillus sp + Glomus SS11 and Bacillus sp + Glomus SS18 in the forms of inoculum were very effective in enhancing the seedling growth of J. curcas. However, results were apparently changed after those seedlings were planted in the field (tailings of ex-gold mining). The combination of Bacillus sp. + Glomus SS18 was the best treatment to enhance the growth of J. curcas of all used treatments. This result proves that the role of microbial rhizosphere, especially AMF and MRB, could effectively enhance the growth of J. curcas in tailings contaminated with mercury.