bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two delta class glutathione S‐transferases involved in the detoxification of malathion in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
Authors: Meng Li‐Wei , Yuan Guo‐Rui , Lu Xue‐Ping , Jing Tian‐Xing , Zheng Li‐Sha , Yong Han‐Xiao , Wang Jin‐Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), a widespread agricultural pest, has evolved resistance to many insecticides, including organophosphorus compounds. Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) are involved in xenobiotic detoxification and insecticide resistance in many insects. However, the role of delta class GSTs in detoxifying malathion in B. dorsalis is unknown. Here, we evaluated the roles of two delta class GSTs in malathion detoxification in this species.RESULTSTwo delta class GSTs genes, BdGSTd1 and BdGSTd10, were characterized in B. dorsalis. They were highly expressed in 5‐day‐old adults, as well as in midgut and Malpighian tubules. Upon malathion exposure, the two genes were upregulated by 2.63‐ and 2.85‐fold, respectively. Injection of double‐stranded RNA targeting BdGSTd1 or BdGSTd10 significantly reduced their mRNA levels in adults and also significantly increased adult susceptibility to malathion. The expression of these two GSTs in Escherichia coli helped the host to endure malathion stress at a concentration of 10 µg mL−1 according to a Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. High‐performance liquid chromatography analyses indicated that malathion could be significantly depleted by the two delta GSTs. The role of BdGSTd10 in malathion sequestration was also discussed.CONCLUSIONBdGSTd1 and BdGSTd10 play important roles in the detoxification of malathion in B. dorsalis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Stability of neonicotinoid sensitivity in Frankliniella fusca populations found in agroecosystems of the southeastern USA
Authors: Chappell Thomas M , Huseth Anders S , Kennedy George G 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticide resistance arises at a given location in response to selection acting on novel genotypes or standing variation, or allelic migration. Fitness costs of resistance may slow resistance evolution or result in reversion to susceptibility, but consistent and geographically widespread use of insecticides may provide sufficient selection to offset the fitness costs of resistance. Understanding this relationship is important to the success of insecticide resistance management. We report the existence of fitness costs of neonicotinoid resistance in field‐collected populations of the tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca), which increasingly challenge upland cotton production in the southeastern USA.RESULTSPopulations (14 of 15 in 2015; 4 of 5 in 2016) investigated showed a loss of resistance to imidacloprid after multiple generations without exposure to the insecticide. Populations studied in 2016 were each split into two colonies, and one of each pair was repeatedly exposed to imidacloprid. In three of the four populations that lost resistance, imidacloprid‐exposed colonies lost resistance significantly more slowly than did corresponding unexposed colonies.CONCLUSIONFor imidacloprid resistance to be broadly increasing in the landscapes of the southeastern USA despite fitness costs of resistance, selection for resistance must be sufficient to overcome the costs. Findings encourage investigation into why costs are overcome in this system, potentially including geographic extent of neonicotinoid use or prevalence of low‐dose exposure. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Alter Wall in Hamburg – Stahlbau in Präzision
Authors: Hartmann Claus‐Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWas sind die Grundvoraussetzungen für Präzision beim Bauen? Gute Planung, die auf das Material und die zu erwartenden Montagebedingungen abgestimmt ist, Fertigung unter Berücksichtigung der Toleranzen und sorgfältige Montage. Das Bauen ist als Einzelfertigung immer wieder besonderen Schwierigkeiten unterworfen. Nicht nur die Materialeigenschaften, sondern insbesondere widrige Bedingungen beeinflussen die Qualität auf der Baustelle. Stahl eröffnet insbesondere durch maximale Vorfertigung im Werk eine gute Möglichkeit, die Präzision beim Bauen zu steigern.
DIN 18008 Glas im Bauwesen – Bemessungs‐ und Konstruktionsregeln
Authors: Siebert Geralt 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDie Normen der Reihe DIN 18008 geben den Planenden Regelungen und damit Hilfestellung für Bemessung und Konstruktion im konstruktiven Glasbau. Der hierarchische Aufbau von allgemein gültigen Grundlagen in Teil 1 über Regelungen für unterschiedliche Lagerungsvarianten (Teile 2 und 3 für linienförmig und punktförmig gelagerte Konstruktionen) und Zusatzanforderungen in den Teilen 4 bis 6 decken den Großteil möglicher und üblicher Bauaufgaben ab. Das EuGH‐Urteil zu nationalen Zusatzanforderungen an harmonisierte Bauprodukte betrifft auch den Glasbau, die überarbeitete Musterbauordnung und die MVV TB waren die Reaktion der Gremien der Bauaufsicht darauf. Im Zuge der ohnehin angegangenen Überarbeitung der Teile 1 und 2 wurde durch Ergänzung bauartspezifischer Anforderungen ebenfalls auf das EuGH‐Urteil reagiert. Weitere Aspekte der Überarbeitung – insbesondere das verstärkte Referenzieren von Schadensfolgeklassen – für differenzierte Nachweisformate und zur Abgrenzung von der europäischen Normung auf Produktebene werden kurz dargestellt.
Unsupervised Clustering of Southern Ocean Argo Float Temperature Profiles
Authors: Jones Daniel C. , Holt Harry J. , Meijers Andrew J. S. , Shuckburgh Emily 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Southern Ocean has complex spatial variability, characterized by sharp fronts, steeply tilted isopycnals, and deep seasonal mixed layers. Methods of defining Southern Ocean spatial structures traditionally rely on somewhat ad hoc combinations of physical, chemical, and dynamic properties. As a step toward an alternative approach for describing spatial variability in temperature, here we apply an unsupervised classification technique (i.e., Gaussian mixture modeling or GMM) to Southern Ocean Argo float temperature profiles. GMM, without using any latitude or longitude information, automatically identifies several spatially coherent circumpolar classes influenced by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. In addition, GMM identifies classes that bear the imprint of mode/intermediate water formation and export, large‐scale gyre circulation, and the Agulhas Current, among others. Because GMM is robust, standardized, and automated, it can potentially be used to identify structures (such as fronts) in both observational and model data sets, possibly making it a useful complement to existing classification techniques.
Initialization and Ensemble Generation for Decadal Climate Predictions: A Comparison of Different Methods
Authors: Polkova Iuliia , Brune Sebastian , Kadow Christopher , Romanova Vanya , Gollan Gereon , Baehr Johanna , Glowienka‐Hense Rita , Greatbatch Richard J. , Hense Andreas , Illing Sebastian , Köhl Armin , Kröger Jürgen , Müller Wolfgang A. , Pankatz Klaus , Stammer Detlef 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFive initialization and ensemble generation methods are investigated with respect to their impact on the prediction skill of the German decadal prediction system “Mittelfristige Klimaprognose” (MiKlip). Among the tested methods, three tackle aspects of model‐consistent initialization using the ensemble Kalman filter, the filtered anomaly initialization, and the initialization method by partially coupled spin‐up (MODINI). The remaining two methods alter the ensemble generation: the ensemble dispersion filter corrects each ensemble member with the ensemble mean during model integration. And the bred vectors perturb the climate state using the fastest growing modes. The new methods are compared against the latest MiKlip system in the low‐resolution configuration (Preop‐LR), which uses lagging the climate state by a few days for ensemble generation and nudging toward ocean and atmosphere reanalyses for initialization. Results show that the tested methods provide an added value for the prediction skill as compared to Preop‐LR in that they improve prediction skill over the eastern and central Pacific and different regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. In this respect, the ensemble Kalman filter and filtered anomaly initialization show the most distinct improvements over Preop‐LR for surface temperatures and upper ocean heat content, followed by the bred vectors, the ensemble dispersion filter, and MODINI. However, no single method exists that is superior to the others with respect to all metrics considered. In particular, all methods affect the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in different ways, both with respect to the basin‐wide long‐term mean and variability and with respect to the temporal evolution at the 26° N latitude.
Phase analysis‐based stationary clutter suppression under iron‐structures for automotive FMCW radar
Authors: Lee Jingu , Kim Daehyun , Jeong Seonghee , Kim Younglok 
Published: January 2019

In this study, to reduce the performance degradation due to iron‐clutter, the authors propose a suppression method for stationary clutter under iron‐structures for an automotive radar using a frequency‐modulation continuous‐wave (FMCW) radar. The presence of a large number of iron‐structures such as iron‐bridges, soundproof walls, and iron‐tunnels creates a harsh environment that deteriorates the associated radar detection performance owing to clutter. To mitigate the adverse effects of clutter, they propose a clutter suppression scheme using up‐ and down‐chirp signals based on an analysis of signal characteristics. In particular, it is shown that the stationary clutters can be suppressed by making that the phases of the up‐chirp and down‐chirp are similar. To experimentally verify the proposed method, 77 GHz FMCW radar data for adaptive cruise control was acquired along a road on which several iron‐structures were located. The experimental results show that using the proposed clutter suppression scheme, the frequency of the moving target was detected well using the proposed clutter suppression scheme in an iron‐clutter‐rich environment. Through the application of the proposed clutter suppression scheme, stable target detection performance of the radar can be obtained.
Dust properties in the cold and hot gas phases of the ATLAS3D early-type galaxies as revealed by AKARI
Authors: Kokusho T. , Kaneda H. , Bureau M. , Suzuki T. , Murata K. , Kondo A. , Yamagishi M. , Tsuchikawa T. , Furuta T. 
Published: January 2019

Context. The properties of the dust in the cold and hot gas phases of early-type galaxies (ETGs) are key to understanding ETG evolution.
Aims. We aim to conduct a systematic study of the dust in a large sample of local ETGs, focusing on relations between the dust and the molecular, atomic, and X-ray gas of the galaxies, as well as their environment.
Methods. We estimated the dust temperatures and masses of the 260 ETGs from the ATLAS3D survey, using fits to their spectral energy distributions primarily constructed from AKARI measurements. We also used literature measurements of the cold (CO and H I) and X-ray gas phases.
Results. Our ETGs show no correlation between their dust and stellar masses, suggesting inefficient dust production by stars and/or dust destruction in X-ray gas. The global dust-to-gas mass ratios of ETGs are generally lower than those of late-type galaxies, likely due to dust-poor H I envelopes in ETGs. They are also higher in Virgo Cluster ETGs than in group and field ETGs, but the same ratios measured in the central parts of the galaxies only are independent of galaxy environment. Slow-rotating ETGs have systematically lower dust masses than fast-rotating ETGs. The dust masses and X-ray luminosities are correlated in fast-rotating ETGs, whose star formation rates are also correlated with the X-ray luminosities.
Conclusions. The correlation between dust and X-rays in fast-rotating ETGs appears to be caused by residual star formation, while slow-rotating ETGs are likely well evolved, and have therefore exhausted their dust. These results appear consistent with the postulated evolution of ETGs, whereby fast-rotating ETGs form by mergers of late-type galaxies and associated bulge growth, while slow-rotating ETGs form by (dry) mergers of fast-rotating ETGs. Central cold dense gas appears to be resilient against ram pressure stripping, suggesting that Virgo Cluster ETGs may not suffer strong related suppression of star formation.
Ab initio thermodynamics of liquid and solid water
Authors: Cheng Bingqing , Engel Edgar A. , Behler Jörg , Dellago Christoph , Ceriotti Michele 
Published: January 2019

Thermodynamic properties of liquid water as well as hexagonal (Ih) and cubic (Ic) ice are predicted based on density functional theory at the hybrid-functional level, rigorously taking into account quantum nuclear motion, anharmonic fluctuations, and proton disorder. This is made possible by combining advanced free-energy methods and state-of-the-art machine-learning techniques. The ab initio description leads to structural properties in excellent agreement with experiments and reliable estimates of the melting points of light and heavy water. We observe that nuclear-quantum effects contribute a crucial

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to the stability of ice Ih, making it more stable than ice Ic. Our computational approach is general and transferable, providing a comprehensive framework for quantitative predictions of ab initio thermodynamic properties using machine-learning potentials as an intermediate step.
The DNA walk and its demonstration of deterministic chaos—relevance to genomic alterations in lung cancer
Authors: Hewelt Blake , Li Haiqing , Jolly Mohit Kumar , Kulkarni Prakash , Mambetsariev Isa , Salgia Ravi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Advancements in cancer genetics have facilitated the development of therapies with actionable mutations. Although mutated genes have been studied extensively, their chaotic behavior has not been appreciated. Thus, in contrast to naïve DNA, mutated DNA sequences can display characteristics of unpredictability and sensitivity to the initial conditions that may be dictated by the environment, expression patterns and presence of other genomic alterations. Employing a DNA walk as a form of 2D analysis of the nucleotide sequence, we demonstrate that chaotic behavior in the sequence of a mutated gene can be predicted.

Results
Using fractal analysis for these DNA walks, we have determined the complexity and nucleotide variance of commonly observed mutated genes in non-small cell lung cancer, and their wild-type counterparts. DNA walks for wild-type genes demonstrate varying levels of chaos, with BRAF, NTRK1 and MET exhibiting greater levels of chaos than KRAS, paxillin and EGFR. Analyzing changes in chaotic properties, such as changes in periodicity and linearity, reveal that while deletion mutations indicate a notable disruption in fractal ‘self-similarity’, fusion mutations demonstrate bifurcations between the two genes. Our results suggest that the fractals generated by DNA walks can yield important insights into potential consequences of these mutated genes.

Availability and implementation
Introduction to Turtle graphics in Python is an open source article on learning to develop a script for Turtle graphics in Python, freely available on the web at https://docs.python.org/2/library/turtle.html. cDNA sequences were obtained through NCBI RefSeq database, an open source database that contains information on a large array of genes, such as their nucleotide and amino acid sequences, freely available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/refseq/. FracLac plugin for Fractal analysis in ImageJ is an open source plugin for the ImageJ program to perform fractal analysis, free to download at https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/plugins/fraclac/FLHelp/Introduction.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Breaking the paradigm: Dr Insight empowers signature-free, enhanced drug repurposing
Authors: Chan Jinyan , Wang Xuan , Turner Jacob A , Baldwin Nicole E , Gu Jinghua 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Transcriptome-based computational drug repurposing has attracted considerable interest by bringing about faster and more cost-effective drug discovery. Nevertheless, key limitations of the current drug connectivity-mapping paradigm have been long overlooked, including the lack of effective means to determine optimal query gene signatures.

Results
The novel approach Dr Insight implements a frame-breaking statistical model for the ‘hand-shake’ between disease and drug data. The genome-wide screening of concordantly expressed genes (CEGs) eliminates the need for subjective selection of query signatures, added to eliciting better proxy for potential disease-specific drug targets. Extensive comparisons on simulated and real cancer datasets have validated the superior performance of Dr Insight over several popular drug-repurposing methods to detect known cancer drugs and drug–target interactions. A proof-of-concept trial using the TCGA breast cancer dataset demonstrates the application of Dr Insight for a comprehensive analysis, from redirection of drug therapies, to a systematic construction of disease-specific drug-target networks.

Availability and implementation
Dr Insight R package is available at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DrInsight/index.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
i6mA-Pred: identifying DNA N6-methyladenine sites in the rice genome
Authors: Chen Wei , Lv Hao , Nie Fulei , Lin Hao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Motivation
DNA N6-methyladenine (6mA) is associated with a wide range of biological processes. Since the distribution of 6mA site in the genome is non-random, accurate identification of 6mA sites is crucial for understanding its biological functions. Although experimental methods have been proposed for this regard, they are still cost-ineffective for detecting 6mA site in genome-wide scope. Therefore, it is desirable to develop computational methods to facilitate the identification of 6mA site.

Results
In this study, a computational method called i6mA-Pred was developed to identify 6mA sites in the rice genome, in which the optimal nucleotide chemical properties obtained by the using feature selection technique were used to encode the DNA sequences. It was observed that the i6mA-Pred yielded an accuracy of 83.13% in the jackknife test. Meanwhile, the performance of i6mA-Pred was also superior to other methods.

Availability and implementation
A user-friendly web-server, i6mA-Pred is freely accessible at http://lin-group.cn/server/i6mA-Pred.
Integration of Differential Graded Manifolds
Authors: Ševera Pavol , Širaň Michal 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We consider the problem of integration of $L_\infty $-algebroids (differential non-negatively graded manifolds) to $L_\infty $-groupoids. We first construct a “big” Kan simplicial manifold (Fréchet or Banach) whose points are solutions of a (generalized) Maurer–Cartan equation. The main analytic trick in our work is an integral transformation sending the solutions of the Maurer–Cartan equation to closed differential forms. Following the ideas of Ezra Getzler, we then impose a gauge condition that cuts out a finite-dimensional simplicial submanifold. This “smaller” simplicial manifold is (the nerve of) a local Lie $\ell $-groupoid. The gauge condition can be imposed only locally in the base of the $L_\infty $-algebroid; the resulting local $\ell $-groupoids glue up to a coherent homotopy, that is, we get a homotopy coherent diagram from the nerve of a good cover of the base to the (simplicial) category of local $\ell $-groupoids. Finally, we show that a $k$-symplectic differential non-negatively graded manifold integrates to a local $k$-symplectic Lie $\ell$-groupoid; globally, these assemble to form an $A_\infty$-functor. As a particular case for $k=2$, we obtain integration of Courant algebroids.
Prime Predator: Amazon and the Rationale of Below Average Variable Cost Pricing Strategies Among Negative-Cash Flow Firms
Authors: Sussman Shaoul 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
American jurisprudence considers price predation a largely irrational, and therefore self-limiting, business strategy which is unlikely to lead to monopolization of an industry. This paper argues that the recent rise of the negative cash flow firm upends traditional assumptions. These types of firms can achieve greater market share through predatory pricing strategies that involve long-term below average variable cost prices. It also maintains that recoupment, an essential element of any predatory pricing scheme, can be achieved without a raise of prices post predation. By charging prices in the present reflecting future lower costs based on prospective technological and scale efficiencies, these firms are able to rationalize their predatory pricing practices to investors and shareholders. These observations lead to the conclusion that price predation is a rational strategy which can foreseeably lead to monopolization. This paper then moves on to examine the conduct of Amazon, the biggest negative cash flow firm in the world. It suggests that not only is it entirely rational for Amazon to engage in price predation and a long-term strategy of monopolization but that under current corporate disclosure rules such conduct would be virtually undetectable. The negative impact of this behavior is the elimination present and future competition.
Quantifying risk factors in medical reports with a context-aware linear model
Authors: Przybyła Piotr , Brockmeier Austin J , Ananiadou Sophia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe seek to quantify the mortality risk associated with mentions of medical concepts in textual electronic health records (EHRs). Recognizing mentions of named entities of relevant types (eg, conditions, symptoms, laboratory tests or behaviors) in text is a well-researched task. However, determining the level of risk associated with them is partly dependent on the textual context in which they appear, which may describe severity, temporal aspects, quantity, etc.MethodsTo take into account that a given word appearing in the context of different risk factors (medical concepts) can make different contributions toward risk level, we propose a multitask approach, called context-aware linear modeling, which can be applied using appropriately regularized linear regression. To improve the performance for risk factors unseen in training data (eg, rare diseases), we take into account their distributional similarity to other concepts.ResultsThe evaluation is based on a corpus of 531 reports from EHRs with 99 376 risk factors rated manually by experts. While context-aware linear modeling significantly outperforms single-task models, taking into account concept similarity further improves performance, reaching the level of human annotators’ agreements.ConclusionOur results show that automatic quantification of risk factors in EHRs can achieve performance comparable to human assessment, and taking into account the multitask structure of the problem and the ability to handle rare concepts is crucial for its accuracy.