bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compaction control of secondary materials used in earthworks
Authors: Huber Stefan , Henzinger Christoph , Heyer Dirk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCompaction control is a fundamental part of quality assurance for earthworks and essential to ensuring the long‐term stability and serviceability of earth structures. As the testing of relative compaction for coarse‐grained materials is time‐consuming, plate load tests are typically used for this purpose. Practical experience shows that the compaction control of secondary materials using plate load tests is not as straightforward as suggested in earthwork specifications. Unfortunately, these subtleties are not widely known and typically lead to rejection of the compacted layers, despite the material having been compacted thoroughly. This paper summarizes the findings of compaction field tests on several secondary materials that were field‐compacted to varying dry densities. Field testing of the compacted layers included the determination of dry density and plate load tests (static and dynamic). The results of these field tests are presented and discussed here and show that the parameters provided by plate load tests do not relate to the dry densities of the materials tested in the same way as they do for natural materials. Suggestions are provided concerning the most viable way of conducting compaction control of secondary materials within the earthwork specifications of Germany and Austria.
A non‐Fourier heat flux model for magnetohydrodynamic micropolar liquid flow across a coagulated sheet
Authors: Kumar K. Anantha , Sugunamma V. , Sandeep N. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this analysis, a heat transfer extrusion system was made by using a modified heat flux model, namely, the Cattaneo‐Christov heat flux. In the present study, we examined the effect of Arrhenius activation energy on magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection stagnation point flow of a micropolar fluid over a variable thickened surface in the attendance of Brownian motion. The fluid motion is assumed to be steady and laminar. The combined influence of heat and mass transfer aspects are scrutinized. First, suitable transformations are considered to modify the governing partial differential equations as ordinary differential equations and revealed by the consecutive application of numerical procedures like shooting and Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg. Graphs are delineated to scrutinize the effects of sundry dimensionless parameters on the flow fields. We found that, the present results made a good agreement with the existing results. We observed that there is an enhancement in the fields of concentration with thermophoresis and activation energy parameters but an opposite trend is noticed for the Brownian motion parameter. Also, it is interesting to note that the buoyancy and the primary slip parameters are increasing functions of velocity fields.
Memory Quilts and Hope Chests: Adult Learners Craft Counterstories in Their Community Museum
Authors: Gruen Rachael , Killian Lund Virginia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe authors describe how a community museum created and curated by adult education students acted as an innovative and student‐centered model to support learners in developing and demonstrating their literacy skills and knowledges. Using a case study approach to document and analyze students’ counterstories (i.e., stories that disrupt dominant narratives), the authors highlight the ways in which creating and curating a community museum leveraged adult students’ expertise and opened opportunities for meaningful civic action through counterstorying. The authors aim to provide adult literacy educators with a concrete example of how an expansive understanding of literacy skills within their curriculum, including the literacies of making and design, can support students’ development of relevant content literacies and workforce competencies, including researching, multimodal composing, speaking, and collaborating.
Detoxification of poly(methyl methacrylate) bone cement by natural antioxidant intervention
Authors: Choppadandi Mounika , More Namdev , Kapusetti Govinda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is the most widely used grouting material in the joint arthroplasties and vertebroplasties. The present investigation has been carried out to scavenge the radicals and monomer by addition of an antioxidant to minimize the toxicity of bone cement (BC). The in silico studies were employed to determine the potent natural antioxidant at physiological conditions. The antioxidant methionine demonstrated a strong binding affinity with free radicals and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer than cysteine. The designated amount of methionine was optimized by various assay methods and >2% methionine shows strong scavenging capacity in BC. Moreover, the antioxidant‐loaded BC (ABC) demonstrated similar handling, physicochemical and mechanical properties to pristine bone cement. Significantly, the developed formulation shows superior biological characteristics such as cell proliferation (2 ± 1 BC and 6 ± 1 ABC), adhesion (0.32 ± 0.02 BC and 0.54 ± 0.01 ABC), and cell viability (81 ± 2% BC and 93 ± 1% ABC) toward human osteoblast‐like cells (MG‐63). Therefore, the novel antioxidant bone cement is a potential candidate for various orthopedic applications to eliminate the adverse effects, related to residual toxic radical and monomer in bone cement.
Zoledronate for the Prevention of Bone Loss in Women Discontinuing Denosumab Treatment. A Prospective 2-Year Clinical Trial
Authors: Anastasilakis Athanasios D , Papapoulos Socrates E , Polyzos Stergios A , Appelman-Dijkstra Natasha M , Makras Polyzois 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Cessation of denosumab treatment is associated with increases in bone turnover above baseline values and rapid bone loss. We investigated the efficacy of zoledronate to prevent this bone loss in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis who were treated with denosumab (mean duration 2.2 years) and discontinued treatment after achieving osteopenia. Women were randomized to receive a single 5-mg infusion of zoledronate (ZOL) (n = 27) or two additional 60-mg injections of denosumab (Dmab) (n = 30). Both groups were followed for a total period of 24 months. At 24 months lumbar spine–bone mineral density (LS-BMD) was not different from baseline in the ZOL group, but decreased in the Dmab group by (mean ± SD) 4.82% ± 0.7% (p &lt; 0.001) from the 12-month value; the difference in BMD changes between the two groups, the primary endpoint of the study, was statistically significant (p = 0.025). Results of femoral neck (FN)-BMD changes were similar. ZOL infusion was followed by small but significant increases in serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) during the first year and stabilization thereafter. In the Dmab group, bone turnover marker values did not change during the first 12 months but increased significantly at 15 months and in the majority of women these remained elevated at 24 months. Neither baseline nor 12-month bone turnover marker values were associated with BMD changes in either group of women. In the Dmab group, three patients sustained vertebral fractures (two patients multiple clinical, one patient morphometric) whereas one patient in the ZOL group sustained clinical vertebral fractures 12 months after the infusion. In conclusion, a single intravenous infusion of ZOL given 6 months after the last Dmab injection prevents bone loss for at least 2 years independently of the rate of bone turnover. Follow-up is recommended, because in a few patients ZOL treatment might not have the expected effect at 2 years. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
New lower bounds on the size of (n,r)‐arcs in PG(2,q)
Authors: Braun Michael 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAn ‐arc in is a set of points such that each line contains at most of the selected points. It is well known that ‐arcs in correspond to projective linear codes. Let denote the maximal number of points for which an ‐arc in exists. In this paper we obtain improved lower bounds on by explicitly constructing ‐arcs. Some of the constructed ‐arcs correspond to linear codes meeting the Griesmer bound. All results are obtained by integer linear programming.
Screening populations at high risk for soft tissue sarcoma and surveillance following soft tissue sarcoma resection
Authors: Witt Russell G. , Baldini Elizabeth H. , Raut Chandrajit P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSoft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare and diverse group of tumors that affect both adult and pediatric populations. This review discusses current screening recommendations for populations at increased risk for STS, including those with genetic predispositions. We also review surveillance guidelines for those at risk for recurrence following curative‐intent surgery.
Green Synthesis of Glycopolymers Using an Enzymatic Approach
Authors: Adharis Azis , Loos Katja 
Published: August 2019

Abstractβ‐Glucosidase and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are used as biocatalysts in aqueous solution for the enzymatic synthesis of glycomonomers and the respective enzymatic polymerization toward glycopolymers. The biocatalytically synthesized monomers contain (meth)acrylate functionalities that are able to be polymerized by an enzyme‐initiated polymerization using an HRP/hydrogen peroxide/acetylacetone ternary system. The structure of the glycomonomers and the respective glycopolymers as well as the monomer conversion after the reaction are determined by1H NMR spectroscopy. The synthesized glycopolymers have a dispersity and a number‐average molecular weight up to 5.8 and 297 kg mol−1, respectively. Thermal and degradation properties of the glycopolymers are studied by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, preparation of glycopolymers via conventional free radical polymerization is performed and the properties of the obtained polymers are compared with the enzymatically synthesized glycopolymers.
Parkinsonism and spastic paraplegia type 7: Expanding the spectrum of mitochondrial Parkinsonism
Authors: De la Casa‐Fages Beatriz , Fernández‐Eulate Gorka , Gamez Josep , Barahona‐Hernando Raúl , Morís Germán , García‐Barcina María , Infante Jon , Zulaica Miren , Fernández‐Pelayo Uxoa , Muñoz‐Oreja Mikel , Urtasun Miguel , Olaskoaga Ander , Zelaya Victoria , Jericó Ivonne , Saez‐Villaverde Raquel , Catalina Irene , Sola Emma , Martínez‐Sáez Elena , Pujol Aurora , Ruiz Montserrat , Schlüter Agatha , Spinazzola Antonella , Muñoz‐Blanco Jose Luis , Grandas Francisco , Holt Ian , Álvarez Victoria , López de Munaín Adolfo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic variants in the spastic paraplegia type 7 gene cause a complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia phenotype associated with classical features of mitochondrial diseases, including ataxia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, and deletions of mitochondrial DNA.ObjectivesTo better characterize spastic paraplegia type 7 disease with a clinical, genetic, and functional analysis of a Spanish cohort of spastic paraplegia type 7 patients.MethodsGenetic analysis was performed in patients suspecting hereditary spastic paraplegia and in 1 patient with parkinsonism and Pisa syndrome, through next‐generation sequencing, whole‐exome sequencing, targeted Sanger sequencing, and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe analysis, and blood mitochondrial DNA levels determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThirty‐five patients were found to carry homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the spastic paraplegia type 7 gene. Mean age at onset was 40 years (range, 12–63); 63% of spastic paraplegia type 7 patients were male, and three‐quarters of all patients had at least one allele with the c.1529C>T (p.Ala510Val) mutation. Eighty percent of the cohort showed a complicated phenotype, combining ataxia and progressive external ophthalmoplegia (65% and 26%, respectively). Parkinsonism was observed in 21% of cases. Analysis of blood mitochondrial DNA indicated that both patients and carriers of spastic paraplegia type 7 pathogenic variants had markedly lower levels of mitochondrial DNA than control subjects (228 per haploid nuclear DNA vs. 176 vs. 573, respectively; P < 0.001).ConclusionsParkinsonism is a frequent finding in spastic paraplegia type 7 patients. Spastic paraplegia type 7 pathogenic variants impair mitochondrial DNA homeostasis irrespective of the number of mutant alleles, type of variant, and patient or carrier status. Thus, spastic paraplegia type 7 supports mitochondrial DNA maintenance, and variants in the gene may cause parkinsonism owing to mitochondrial DNA abnormalities. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA blood analysis could be a useful biomarker to detect at risk families. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Levator ani muscle injury and risk for urinary and fecal incontinence in parous women from a normal population, a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mathew Seema , Guzmán Rojas Rodrigo A. , Salvesen Kjell A. , Volløyhaug Ingrid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsTo study possible associations between levator ani muscle (LAM) injury and urinary incontinence (UI) and fecal incontinence (FI) and possible associations between bladder neck descent (BND), urethral funneling, and UI.MethodsA cross‐sectional study of 608 women with first delivery in 1990 to 1997 assessed in 2013 to 2014. The Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI‐6) and Colorectal Anal Distress Inventory (CRADI‐8) were used to quantify symptoms (range, 0‐100). The proportion of women with UI and FI was calculated. LAM injury, BND ≥25 mm, and funneling were diagnosed with transperineal ultrasound. Women with LAM injury, BND, and urethral funneling were compared to those without, using the Mann‐Whitney U test (symptom scores) and multiple logistic regression analysis (UI and FI).ResultsFour‐hundred ninety‐three (81%) women had intact LAM and 113 (19%) had LAM injury. They had similar median (range) UDI‐6 score 8.3 (0‐75) vs 4.2 (0‐62.5), P = .35, and CRADI‐8 score 6.3 (0‐78.1) vs 6.3 (0‐62.5), P = .90. Three hundred eleven out of six hundred (52%) women had UI and 65 of 594 (11%) had FI. This was similar for women with intact vs injured LAM; UI 53% vs 49%, P = .67; FI 11% vs 12%, P = .44 and with and without BND; stress UI 42% vs 42%, P = .93; urge UI 29% vs 35%, P = .34. Stress UI was more common in women with urethral funneling (50% vs 40%), odds ratio 1.56 (95% confidence interval: 1.03‐2.37), P = .04.ConclusionWe found no associations between LAM injury and symptoms of UI and FI 15 to 24 years after the first delivery, but urethral funneling was associated with stress UI.
Assessment of contrafreeloading preferences in giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis)
Authors: Sasson‐Yenor Jacinthe , Powell David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractContrafreeloading is an intriguing phenomenon in which animals will work to obtain resources, such as food, when the same resource is simultaneously freely available. Multiple hypotheses exist for why animals might choose to contrafreeload. In this study, we assessed preferences for contrafreeloading in giraffe at the Bronx Zoo to determine whether they actually preferred to contrafreeload or were simply demonstrating a willingness to contrafreeload. Food was presented in a range of distributions between an easily accessed feeding device and a more challenging one and the giraffes’ feeding behavior at these two types of feeding devices was recorded. As the experiments progressed, more giraffe used these more challenging feeders. There was significant individual variation in the expression of preference for contrafreeloading and willingness to contrafreeload. Individual, phase of the experiment, and an interaction between these factors were significant predictors of challenge feeder use. Three foraging strategies emerged among the giraffe that we termed “freeloaders,” “contrafreeloaders,” and “opportunists.” The results of this study demonstrate that multiple indices of preference are necessary when assessing contrafreeloading behavior, and that giraffe are affected to different degrees by the factors that stimulate contrafreeloading. These results may shed light on why different individuals use complex feeding enrichment devices to varying extents.
Legacy Atmospheric Profiles and Derived Products From GOES‐16: Validation and Applications
Authors: Schmit Timothy J. , Li Jun , Lee Su Jeong , Li Zhenglong , Dworak Richard , Lee Yong‐Keun , Bowlan Michael , Gerth Jordan , Martin Graeme D. , Straka William , Baggett Kevin C. , Cronce Lee 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐R (GOES‐R) series started a new era for the U.S. geostationary satellite observing system. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard the GOES‐R series has fine temporal (30 s to 10 min) and spatial resolutions (0.5–2 km), and 16 spectral bands. However, due to the lack of an infrared sounder, the ABI is used to continue the legacy atmospheric profile (LAP) products that the previous GOES Sounder has, including the legacy atmospheric moisture profile, legacy atmospheric temperature profile, total precipitable water, layered precipitable water, and derived atmospheric stability indices. The ABI LAP retrieval algorithms have been developed under the GOES‐R series Algorithm Working Group (AWG) program funded by the GOES‐R Program Office. The LAP products from GOES‐16 have been operational and validated with a series of reference data sets including radiosonde observations, the Global Positioning System from SuomiNet, the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 total precipitable water measurements, as well as global operational analysis from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts models, for almost a year (from 2017 to 2018) to assure the data quality for applications. In addition, the LAP products have been successfully demonstrated at the Hazardous Weather Testbed experiments in the summer of 2017 and the spring of 2018. Both validation results and Hazardous Weather Testbed demonstrations indicate that the GOES‐R series LAP products meet the product requirements and provide added value over NWP short‐range forecasts, especially for middle‐upper tropospheric moisture, in situation awareness and nowcasting.
Analytical Identification and Characterization of the Major Geochemical Terranes of Mercury's Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Peplowski Patrick N. , Stockstill‐Cahill Karen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrincipal component analysis of Mercury chemical composition maps provide analytically robust identification of distinct geochemical terranes on Mercury. The results reveal a wide diversity of terrane types, including previously identified terranes like the high‐Mg terrane and northern terranes, as well as a new terrane not identified in prior studies, the intermediate composition, high‐K (IHK) terrane. We propose that the IHK is material excavated from beneath the Borealis planitia by the Rustaveli‐basin‐forming impact. In addition to the new IHK terrane, Caloris‐basin‐like materials are recognized outside of the basin rim for the first time. This indicates that the terrane type found within the Caloris basin is not a unique consequence of the Caloris impact event. Geochemical modeling of terrane compositions facilitates interpretation of the principal components in terms of mineral end‐members, making the individual principal component maps also a measure of the relative variability of pyroxenes, olivine, and plagioclase. Our mineralogical modeling also confirms the low‐viscosity nature of the lava that flooded Mercury's surface to produce the present‐day crust, consistent with the geomorphology of Mercury's extensive volcanic plains units.
Friction in Cold Ice Within Outer Solar System Satellites With Reference to Thermal Weakening at High Sliding Velocities
Authors: Sleep Norman H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe icy shells of Enceladus and Europa consist from top down of cold (~100 K) ice at low (<0.1 MPa) pressure, cold ice at high pressure up to ~10 MPa, and warm ice near 273 K the base. The pressure ~10 MPa and temperature near 273 K of basal ice within Enceladus and Europa are similar to that within terrestrial glaciers that are known to have seismicity (icequakes). Warm ice easily melts during sliding so its icequakes are qualitatively explained and expected on these satellites if the macroscopic strain rates are comparable to those within terrestrial glaciers subjected to oceanic tides. However, cold ice at high pressures does not readily macroscopically melt during sliding. A dynamic weakening mechanism for crustal faults in rock may be applicable to Enceladus and Europa. Micron‐scale real contacts support ~0.4‐GPa shear tractions and normal tractions on rapidly sliding ice faults. At sliding velocities above ~0.1 m/s, the asperity tips of the contacts become hot and weak in ice. The macroscopic friction depends on the average strength of the asperity tips during the lifetimes of contact. The strength of the asperity tips self‐organizes so that frictional heating balances the heat lost from the asperity tip by conduction. The macroscopic coefficient of friction at coseismic sliding velocities decreases to a modest fraction of the low‐velocity coefficient of friction, but does not approach zero. This velocity‐weakening mechanism likely allows major icequakes within the cold interiors of Europa and Enceladus.
Revealing Hidden Climate Indices from the Occurrence of Hydrologic Extremes
Authors: Renard Benjamin , Thyer Mark 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDescribing the space‐time variability of hydrologic extremes in relation to climate is important for scientific and operational purposes. Many studies demonstrated the role of large‐scale modes of climate variability such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), among many others. Climate indices have hence frequently been used as predictors in probabilistic models describing hydrologic extremes. However, standard climate indices such as ENSO/NAO are poor predictors in some regions. Consequently, this paper describes an innovative method to avoid relying on standard climate indices, based on the following idea: the relevant climate indices are effectively unknown (they are hidden), and they should therefore be estimated directly from hydrologic data. In statistical terms, this corresponds to a Bayesian hierarchical model describing extreme occurrences, with hidden climate indices treated as latent variables. This approach is illustrated using three case studies. A synthetic case study first shows that identifying hidden climate indices from occurrence data alone is feasible. A second case study using flood occurrences at 42 east Australian sites confirms that the model correctly identifies their ENSO‐related climate driver. The third case study is based on 207 sites in France, where standard climate indices poorly predict flood occurrence. The hidden climate indices model yields a reliable description of flood occurrences, in particular their clustering in space and their large interannual variability. Moreover, some hidden climate indices are linked with specific patterns in atmospheric variables, making them interpretable in terms of climate variability and opening the way for predictive applications.