bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards sustainable technology‐enhanced innovation in higher education: Advancing learning design by understanding and supporting teacher design practice
Authors: Bennett Sue , Lockyer Lori , Agostinho Shirley 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImproving teacher design promises to be a scalable, sustainable approach to building capacity amongst a workforce faced with complex and evolving drivers of change in higher education worldwide. While design has long been recognised as a routine part of teaching, there has been renewed interest in supporting and understanding the design work that teachers do to foster innovation, particularly in technology‐enhanced learning, at institutional scale by influencing teachers’ practices. Re‐framing teaching as design usefully emphasises the creative problem‐solving needed to balance pedagogical, logistical and technical considerations within specific educational contexts, tailored to learners’ needs. There is potential for this re‐framing to build on and advance work in “learning design” and “design for learning” that has generated a wide range of practical supports and tools. In this article, we explore, problematise and conceptualise the notion of “teacher as designer” within the complexity of contemporary higher education through a critical review of existing empirical and conceptual work internationally. We offer insights into the current state of knowledge about teacher design in higher education, highlight gaps and possibilities, offer a new conceptualisation drawing on practice theory and set out propositions to provoke further debate about teacher design as a vehicle for sustainable innovation in higher education.
SLC2A5 overexpression in childhood philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Zhao Pan , Huang Jingcao , Zhang Dan , Zhang Danfeng , Wang Fangfang , Qu Ying , Guo Tingting , Qin Yu , Wei Jin , Niu Ting , Zheng Yuhuan 
Published: September 2018

SummaryTo study glycolysis/glycogenesis‐related genes expression in childhood B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B‐ALL), we performed a microarray‐based analysis using published gene expression profiles. We found that SLC2A5, which encodes solute carrier family 2 member 5 (SLC2A5, previously termed GLUT5) that facilitates cell fructose uptake, was up‐regulated in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive ALL (Ph+ALL). Microarray‐based analyses also suggested that SLC2A5 expression was significantly down‐regulated in childhood B‐ALL with t(1;19) or 11q23 mutation. High SLC2A5 expression was found in patients who had disease recurrence within 3 years, early relapse, shortened complete remission duration and positive minimal residue disease (MRD) status after treatment. SLC2A5 overexpression at both the mRNA and protein level in Ph+ALL was confirmed in a validation cohort of childhood B‐ALL. We also validated the correlation of SLC2A5 expression and MRD status. A mechanistic study using a human Ph+ALL cell line showed that BCR‐ABL1 kinase might regulate SLC2A5 expression via MYC. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) imatinib and dasatinib repressed SLC2A5 expression and the cell uptake of fructose. Fructose protected the tumour cells from nutrition deficiency and drug‐induced cell death. Overall, our findings showed that SLC2A5 was up‐regulated in childhood Ph+ALL. SLC2A5 expression correlated with childhood B‐ALL clinical factors, such as MRD status. Given that TKIs could inhibit SLC2A5 expression, repression of fructose utility after TKI treatment contributes to TKI‐induced Ph+ALL cytotoxicity. Targeting SLC2A5 might be promising in B‐ALL treatment, especially for Ph+ALL patients with high SLC2A5 expression.
The Efficacy of Preschool Developmental Indicators as a Screen for Early Primary School‐Based Literacy Interventions
Authors: Schluter Philip J. , Audas Richard , Kokaua Jesse , McNeill Brigid , Taylor Barry , Milne Barry , Gillon Gail 
Published: September 2018

Literacy success lays the foundation for children's later educational, health, and well‐being outcomes. Thus, early identification of literacy need is vital. Using data from New Zealand's national preschool health screening program for fiscal years 2010/2011–2014/2015, demographic and health variables from 255,090 children aged 4 years were related to whether they received a literacy intervention in early primary school. Overall, 20,652 (8.1%) children received an intervention. Time‐to‐event analysis revealed that all considered variables were significantly related to literacy intervention (all p < .01), but the full model lacked reasonable predictive power for population screening purposes (Harrell's c‐statistic = .624; 95% CI [.618, .629]). Including more direct literacy measures in the national screening program is likely needed for improvement.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of fatal anaphylaxis in Spain (1998‐2011): A comparison between a series from the hospital system and a national forensic series
Authors: Tejedor‐Alonso Miguel A. , Martínez‐Fernandez Pilar , Vallejo‐de‐Torres Gloria , Navarro‐Escayola Esperanza , Moro‐Moro Mar , Alberti‐Masgrau Nuria 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBackgroundReports of fatal anaphylaxis remain scarce because of the rarity of the condition and the fact that information is limited to a few countries.ObjectiveOur objective was to investigate clinical and demographic characteristics and the causes of fatal anaphylaxis in Spain using two databases of cases of fatal anaphylaxis.MethodsWe analysed fatal anaphylaxis in a series from the Spanish hospital system and a series from the National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences (Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses [INTCF]), which predominantly comprise extrahospital deaths. Deaths from the Spanish hospital system were retrieved from among all deaths occurring during 1998‐2011 using codes related to anaphylaxis. Deaths due to anaphylaxis in the INTCF database during the same period were retrieved by 2 allergists, who identified cases in which anaphylaxis was a possible cause of death. A logistic regression model was constructed to predict the characteristics of fatal anaphylaxis in each database.ResultsThe incidence of death by anaphylaxis in Spain using both databases was 0.25 (95% CI, 0.24‐0.26) deaths per million person‐years. The most frequent causes of death in the hospital system were drugs (46.1%), unknown causes (40.0%), and foods (10.4%); in the INTCF, the most common causes of death were drugs (47.2%), insect stings (30.6%), and foods (11.1%). The logistic regression model showed that fatal anaphylaxis due to unknown causes (OR 15.2, 95% CI 1.8‐129.8) was more likely in the hospital database, whereas insect stings (OR 100, 95% CI 10‐833.3) and previous atopic comorbidity (OR 15.2, 95% CI 6.3‐33.3) were more likely in the INTCF database.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceThe estimated frequency of fatal anaphylaxis in Spain was among the lowest reported. Future studies of fatal anaphylaxis should use databases from different origins in order to show the considerable heterogeneity in this type of death.
Upper‐limb contracture development in children with cerebral palsy: a population‐based study
Authors: Hedberg‐Graff Jenny , Granström Fredrik , Arner Marianne , Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena 
Published: September 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal development of passive range of motion (ROM) in the upper limbs in a population‐based sample of children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to investigate which children are more likely to develop contractures related to functional level, CP subtype, and age.MethodRegistry data of annual passive ROM measurements of the upper limbs from 771 children with CP (417 males, 354 females; mean age 11y 8mo, [SD 5mo] range 1–18y) were analysed. Mixed models were used to investigate at what age decreased passive ROM occurs. Odds ratios were calculated to compare risks and logistic regression analysis was used to predict contracture development.ResultsThirty‐four per cent of the children had developed contractures. Among these children, decreased passive ROM was significant at a mean age of 4 years for wrist extension and 7 years for shoulder flexion, elbow extension, and supination. Children at Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) level V had a 17‐times greater risk of contractures than children at MACS level I.InterpretationOne‐third of the children in the total population developed upper‐limb contractures while passive ROM decreased with age. MACS level was the strongest predictor of contracture development.What this paper adds

In a population‐based sample of 771 children with cerebral palsy, 34% developed an upper‐limb contracture.

Contracture development started at preschool age.

The first affected movements were wrist extension and supination.

Passive range of motion decreased with age.

High Manual Ability Classification System level was the most important predictor of contractures.
Selective motor control and gross motor function in bilateral spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Noble Jonathan J , Gough Martin , Shortland Adam P 
Published: September 2018

AimTo investigate the relationship between selective motor control (SMC), muscle volume, and spasticity with gross motor function in adolescents and young adults with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodEleven male participants with CP (mean age 15y 7mo, standard deviation 3y 6mo, range 12y 1mo–23y 1mo) in Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I to IV took part in this cross‐sectional study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both lower limbs of all participants were acquired, from which 18 muscles were manually segmented and muscle volume calculated by a single assessor. Muscle volumes were normalized to body mass and averaged between limbs for each individual. SMC was assessed using Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE). Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and gross motor functional ability was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM‐66).ResultsGMFM‐66 was strongly positively correlated to SCALE (r=0.901, p≤0.001) and lower limb muscle volume normalized to body mass (r=0.750, p=0.008). MAS was significantly correlated with GMFM‐66 (r=−0.691, p=0.018).InterpretationSMC is a major factor influencing gross motor function in individuals with CP. Lower limb muscle volume and spasticity also influence gross motor function.What this paper adds

Selective motor control is a major factor of gross motor function in adolescents and young adults with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP).

Gross motor function is related to muscle size and level of spasticity in adolescents and young adults with bilateral CP.
Acute metabolic and cardiovascular effects of mirabegron in healthy individuals
Authors: Loh Rebecca K. C. , Formosa Melissa F. , La Gerche Andre , Reutens Anne T. , Kingwell Bronwyn A. , Carey Andrew L. 
Published: September 2018

AimsTo quantify acute energy expenditure, supraclavicular skin temperature and cardiovascular responses to four doses of the β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, mirabegron.Materials and methodsA total of 17 individuals (11 men, six women) participated in this ascending‐dose study, receiving single 50‐, 100‐, 150‐ and 200‐mg doses of mirabegron on four separate days with 3 to 14 days wash‐out between each dose. All variables were measured each visit from baseline to 180 minutes post mirabegron treatment. To determine brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic efficacy at each dose, energy expenditure and supraclavicular skin temperature were compared from baseline to 180 minutes post mirabegron treatment. To examine safety, changes in cardiovascular variables at 100, 150 and 200 mg were compared with the standard clinical dose of 50 mg.ResultsEnergy expenditure significantly increased after the 100‐ (35.6 ± 5.4 kJ/h) and 200‐mg (35.6 ± 13.1 kJ/h) doses (P ≤ 0.05), and trended towards an increase after 150 mg (24.1 ± 13.6 kJ/h). Supraclavicular skin temperature increased after 50‐ (0.22 ± 0.1°C), 100‐ (0.30 ± 0.1°C) and 150‐mg mirabegron doses (0.29 ± 0.1°C; P ≤ 0.05). The change in systolic blood pressure was greater after 150‐ (7.1 ± 1.3 mm Hg) and 200‐mg doses (9.3 ± 1.9 mm Hg) than after the 50‐mg dose (2.2 ± 1.3 mm Hg; P ≤ 0.05). The change in heart rate was greater after 200 mg (9.0 ± 2.2 bpm) compared with 50 mg (2.9 ± 1.4 bpm; P ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsA 100‐mg dose of mirabegron increases energy expenditure and supraclavicular skin temperature in a β3‐adrenoceptor‐specific manner, without the off‐target elevations in blood pressure or heart rate observed at higher doses.
Short chain fatty acids stimulate insulin secretion and reduce apoptosis in mouse and human islets in vitro: Role of free fatty acid receptor 2
Authors: Pingitore Attilio , Gonzalez‐Abuin Noemi , Ruz‐Maldonado Inmaculada , Huang Guo C. , Frost Gary , Persaud Shanta J. 
Published: September 2018

AimsTo evaluate the role of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2)/G‐protein coupled receptor 43 in mediating the effects of the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) sodium acetate (SA) and sodium propionate (SP) on islet function in vitro, and to identify the intracellular signalling pathways used in SCFA‐induced potentiation of glucose‐induced insulin secretion.Materials and methodsIslets of Langerhans were isolated from wild‐type and FFAR2−/− mice and from human donors without diabetes. The effects of SA and SP on dynamic insulin secretion from perifused islets were quantified by radioimmunoassay, signalling downstream of SCFAs was profiled by single‐cell calcium microfluorimetry, and measurement of cAMP was performed using a fluorescence assay. Islet apoptosis was induced by exposure to cytokines or sodium palmitate, and the effects of SA and SP in regulating islet apoptosis were assessed by quantification of caspase 3/7 activities.ResultsDeletion of FFAR2 did not affect islet morphology or insulin content. SA and SP reversibly potentiated insulin secretion from mouse islets in a FFAR2‐dependent manner. SCFA‐induced potentiation of insulin secretion was coupled to Gq activation of phospholipase C and protein kinase C, with no evidence of Gi‐mediated signalling. SA and SP protected human and mouse islets from apoptosis, and these pro‐survival properties were dependent on islet expression of FFAR2.ConclusionOur results indicate that FFAR2 directly mediates both the stimulatory effects of SA and SP on insulin secretion and their protection against islet apoptosis. We have also shown that SCFA coupling in islets occurs via Gq‐coupled intracellular signalling.
The role of surgery in refractory epilepsy secondary to polymicrogyria in the pediatric population
Authors: Jalloh Ibrahim , Cho Newton , Nga Vincent D.W. , Whitney Robyn , Jain Puneet , Al‐Mehmadi Sameer , Yau Ivanna , Okura Hidehiro , Widjaja Elysa , Otsubo Hiroshi , Ochi Ayako , Donner Elizabeth , McCoy Blathnaid , Drake James , Go Cristina , Rutka James T. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryObjectivePolymicrogyria (PMG) is a common malformation of cortical development. Many patients with PMG will have medically refractory epilepsy but the role of epilepsy surgery is unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of surgical resection/disconnection in achieving seizure control in pediatric patients with PMG.MethodsA retrospective review of children undergoing epilepsy surgery for PMG between 2002 and 2017 at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, was performed.ResultsA total of 12 children aged 6 months to 17.8 years (median 8.8 years) underwent resective surgery (7 children) or functional hemispherectomy (5 children). Gross total resection or complete disconnection of PMG was carried out in 7 of 12 children. Follow‐up duration was between 1 and 9 years (median 2.1 years). Nine children remained seizure‐free at last follow‐up. Complete resection or disconnection of PMG led to seizure freedom in 6 of 7 patients (86%), whereas subtotal resection produced seizure freedom in 3 of 5 patients (60%).SignificanceWe present one of the largest surgical series of pediatric PMG patients. Seizure outcomes were best with complete resection/disconnection of PMG. However, tailored resections based on electroclinical and neuroradiologic data can produce good outcomes and remain an appropriate strategy for patients with extensive PMG.
Quiet violence: Savannah Sparrows respond to playback‐simulated rivals using low‐amplitude songs as aggressive signals
Authors: Moran Ines G. , Doucet Stéphanie M. , Newman Amy E. M. , Ryan Norris D. , Mennill Daniel J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhen animals compete over resources such as breeding territories, they often use signals to communicate their aggressive intentions. By studying which signals are associated with aggressive interactions, we gain a deeper appreciation of animal behaviour. We studied aggressive signalling in male Savannah Sparrows, Passerculus sandwichensis, focusing on signals that precede physical attack against territorial intruders. We simulated intruders using song playback and taxidermic models, and we determined which behaviours were associated with physical attack. Previous studies that have used this approach suggest that many species produce songs of dramatically lower amplitude, or “soft songs,” as signals of aggressive intention. Savannah Sparrows, however, are not known to produce soft songs, and therefore, they provided an interesting system for testing signals that predict attack. Of 93 playback subjects, 23 males attacked the simulated intruder and 70 did not. To our surprise, Savannah Sparrows produced soft songs, and the number of soft songs was a significant predictor of attack on the simulated intruder. Birds also showed a nonsignificant tendency to produce more “chip” calls prior to attack on the simulated intruder, whereas three other measured behaviours (aggressive calls, wing waving and passes over the model) did not predict attack. Our study contributes to the growing body of research on aggressive territorial signals and reveals that soft song is an even more widespread signal of aggression in songbirds than previously recognized.
Innovation as part of a wider behavioural syndrome in the guppy: The effect of sex and body size
Authors: Anderson Berdal Monica , Rosenqvist Gunilla , Wright Jonathan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecent work on animal personalities has shown that individuals within populations often differ consistently in various types of behaviour and that many of these behaviours correlate among individuals to form behavioural syndromes. Individuals of certain species have also been shown to differ in their rate of behavioural innovation in arriving at novel solutions to new and existing problems (e.g., mazes, novel foods). Here, we investigate whether behaviours traditionally studied in personality research are correlated with individual rates of innovation as part of a wider behavioural syndrome. Guppies (Poecilia reticulata) of both sexes from three different wild population sources were assessed: (a) exploration of an open area; (b) speed through a three‐dimensional maze; (c) investigation of a novel object; and (d) attraction to a novel food. The covariance structure (syndrome structure) was examined using structural equation modelling. The best model separated behaviours relating to activity in all contexts from rates of exploration/investigation and innovation. Innovative behaviour (utilizing new food and moving through a novel area) in these fish therefore forms part of the same syndrome as the traditional shy‐bold continuum (exploration of an open area and investigation of a novel object) found in many animal personality studies. There were no clear differences in innovation or syndrome structure between the sexes, or between the three different populations. However, body size was implicated as part of the behavioural syndrome structure, and because body size is highly correlated with age in guppies, this suggests that individual behavioural differences in personality/innovation in guppies may largely be driven by developmental state.
Perception of olfactory aposematic signals by jumping spiders
Authors: Raška Jan , Štys Pavel , Exnerová Alice 
Published: September 2018

AbstractStudies of aposematism are mostly focused on visual aspects of warning signalization and based on experiments with avian predators. This study presents results of experiments with an arthropod predator, a jumping spider Evarcha arcuata (Araneae: Salticidae) and olfactory (i.e., noncontact chemical) aposematic signals. Spiders were presented with chemically protected firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). After acquiring the negative experience with the bugs, the spiders were offered a choice between the firebug olfactory signal and a scentless control. Spiders actively avoided the firebug signal, showing that they are able to recognize an unprofitable prey by means of olfactory chemoreception. The results show that olfactory signals alone may function as effective means of aposematic signalization to spiders.
The assessment of fishery status depends on fish habitats
Authors: Brown Christopher J. , Broadley Andrew , Adame Maria F. , Branch Trevor A. , Turschwell Mischa P. , Connolly Rod M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAt the crux of the debate over the global sustainability of fisheries is what society must do to prevent over‐exploitation and aid recovery of fisheries that have historically been over‐exploited. The focus of debates has been on controlling fishing pressure, and assessments have not considered that stock production may be affected by changes in fish habitat. Fish habitats are being modified by climate change, built infrastructure, destructive fishing practices and pollution. We conceptualize how the classification of stock status can be biased by habitat change. Habitat loss and degradation can result in either overly optimistic or overly conservative assessment of stock status. The classification of stock status depends on how habitat affects fish demography and what reference points management uses to assess status. Nearly half of the 418 stocks in a global stock assessment database use seagrass, mangroves, coral reefs and macroalgae habitats that have well‐documented trends. There is also considerable circumstantial evidence that habitat change has contributed to over‐exploitation or enhanced production of data‐poor fisheries, like inland and subsistence fisheries. Globally many habitats are in decline, so the role of habitat should be considered when assessing the global status of fisheries. New methods and global databases of habitat trends and use of habitats by fishery species are required to properly attribute causes of decline in fisheries and are likely to raise the profile of habitat protection as an important complementary aim for fisheries management.