bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal changes in Human Abdomen Exposed to Microwaves: A Model Study
Authors: Kaur J. , Khan S. A. 
Published: September 2019

The electromagnetic energy associated with microwave radiation interacts with the biological tissues and consequently, may produce thermo-physiological effects in living beings. Traditionally, Pennes’ bioheat equation (BTE) is employed to analyze the heat transfer in biological medium. Being based on Fourier Law, Pennes’ BTE assumes infinite speed of propagation of heat transfer. However, heat propagates with finite speed within biological tissues, and thermal wave model of bioheat transfer (TWBHT) demonstrates this non-Fourier behavior of heat transfer in biological medium. In present study, we employed Pennes’ BTE and TWMBT to numerically analyze temperature variations in human abdomen model exposed to plane microwaves at 2450 MHz. The numerical scheme comprises coupling of solution of Maxwell's equation of wave propagation within tissue to Pennes’ BTE and TWMBT. Temperatures predicted by both the bioheat models are compared and effect of relaxation time on temperature variations is investigated. Additionally, electric field distribution and specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution is also studied. Transient temperatures predicted by TWMBT are lower than that by traditional Pennes’ BTE, while temperatures are identical in steady state. The results provide comprehensive understanding of temperature changes in irradiated human body, if microwave exposure duration is short.
An Accurate and Compact High Power Monocycle Pulse Transmitter for Microwave Ultra-Wideband Radar Sensors with an enhanced SRD model: Applications for Distance Measurement for lossy materials
Authors: Ahajjam Y. , Aghzout O. , Catala-Civera J. M. , Peñaranda-Foix F. , Driouach A. 
Published: September 2019

In This paper, a high power sub-nanosecond pulse transmitter for Ultra-wideband radar sensor is presented. The backbone of the generator is considered as a step recovery diode and unique pulse injected into the circuit, which gives rise to an ultra-wide band Gaussian pulse. The transistor driver and transmission line pulse forming the whole network are investigated in detail. The main purpose of this work is to transform a square waveform signal to a driving pulse with the timing and the amplitude parameters required by the SRD to form an output Gaussian pulse, and then into high monocycle pulses. In simulation aspect, an improved output response is required, in this way a new model of step recovery diode has been proposed as a sharpener circuit. This proposition was applied to increase the rise-time of the pulses. For a good range radar, a high amplitude pulse is indispensable, especially when it comes to penetrate thick lossy materiel. In order to overcome this challenge, a simple technique and useful solution is introduced to increase the output amplitude of the transmitter. This technique consists to connect the outputs of two identical pulse generators in parallel respecting the restrictions required. The pulse transmitter circuit is completely fabricated using micro-strip structure technology characteristics. Waveforms of the generated monocycle pulses over 10V in amplitude with 3.5 % in overshoot have been obtained. Good agreement has been achieved between measurement and simulation results.
High Gain Circularly Polarized Pentagonal Microstrip for Massive MIMO Base Station
Authors: Bhadade R. S. , Mahajan S. P. 
Published: September 2019

In this paper we propose a circularly polarized pentagonal microstrip antenna on a suspended substrate with coaxial probe feed and five loaded slits for Massive MIMO BS Antenna applications. Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is one of the key component to be incorporated in the 5G cellular systems. The proposed antenna is successfully simulated using HFSS 13.0, fabricated on a FR-4 substrate and measured. The proposed antenna exhibits a much higher gain of 6.17dB, improved impedance bandwidth of 171.9 MHz (Return loss, S11= -10dB) , axial ratio bandwidth (< 3dB) of 135 MHz , patch area of 1775 mm2 , and also yields return loss better than -15 dB around the center frequency of 2.45 GHz (ISM Band). Measured characteristics of the antenna are in good agreement with the simulated results.
A Compact Multi-Band Monopole Antenna using Metamaterial for WLAN/WiMAX Applications
Authors: Mouhouche F. , Azrar A. , Dehmas M. , Djafri K. 
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a tri-band printed monopole antenna with electrically coupled metamaterial units is proposed and investigated. The proposed antenna is designed to cover WLAN/WiMAX applications. The antenna consists of a printed strip line and two double metamaterial unit cells of different size placed near the monopole antenna on opposite sides. Each unit cell exhibits a negative permeability over the resonance frequency at 2.5 GHz and 3.62 GHz, which produces magnetic couplings with the monopole antenna. The proposed antenna structure was fabricated and measured. The measured -10 dB bandwidth for the return loss is from 2.47GHz-2.51GHz, 3.59GHz-3.69GHz, and 5.3GHz - 7.2 GHz, which are suitable for (WLAN: 2.4–2.484, 5.15–5.35, and 5.725–5.85 GHz) and (WiMAX: 2.5–2.69, 3.4–3.8, and 5.25–5.85 GHz) band Applications. By using the switches across the gap of proposed-MTM unit cell, the effect of this unit deactivated and its resonance frequency will disappear. Hence, the proposed antenna maintains the omnidirectional radiation pattern.
Solution of Axisymmetric Inhomogeneous Problems with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Shadare A. E. , Sadiku M. N. O. , Musa S. M. 
Published: September 2019

With increasing complexity of EM problems, 1D and 2D axisymmetric approximations in p, z plane are sometimes necessary to quickly solve difficult symmetric problems using limited data storage and within shortest possible time. Inhomogeneous EM problems frequently occur in cases where two or more dielectric media, separated by an interface, exist and could pose challenges in complex EM problems. Simple, fast and efficient numerical techniques are constantly desired. This paper presents the application of simple and efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) to EM inhomogeneous axisymmetric Laplace’s equations. Two cases are considered based on constant and mixed boundary potentials and MCMC solutions are found to be in close agreement with the finite difference solutions.
Scattering from a Buried PEMC Cylinder due to a Line Source Excitation above a Planar Interface Between Two Isorefractive Half Spaces
Authors: Hamid A. K. , Cooray F. 
Published: September 2019

A solution to the problem of scattering from a perfect electromagnetic conducting (PEMC) circular cylinder buried inside a half-space and excited by an infinite electric line source is provided. The line source is parallel to the cylinder axis, and is located in the other half-space. The two half spaces are isorefractive to each other. The source fields when incident at the planar interface separating the two half spaces, generate fields that are transmitted into the half-space where the cylinder is. These fields then become the known basic incident fields for the buried PEMC cylinder. Scattering of these incidents fields by the cylinder will consequently generate fields at the interface that get reflected back into the same half-space and transmitted frontward into the source half-space, all of which are unknown. Imposing appropriate boundary conditions at the surface of the buried cylinder and at a specified point on the interface, enables the evaluation of these unknown fields. The refection coefficient at the specified point is then computed for cylinders of different sizes, to demonstrate how it varies with the PEMC admittance of the buried cylinder, the intrinsic impedance ratio of the two isorefractive half-spaces, and the burial depth of the cylinder.
Effects of Jigsaw-Puzzle Instructional Strategy on Secondary School Students’ Performance on Growth as a Concept in Biology in Abia State
Authors: Chukwu Joy C. , Arokoyu A. A. 
Published: September 2019

The study examined the effects of jigsaw-puzzle instructional strategy on secondary school students’ performance on Growth as a concept in Biology in Ukwa West Local Government Area, Abia State. Gender effect on Biology students’ performance was also investigated. Two objectives, two research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. Quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study. One hundred and fifteen (115) Biology students from two mixed secondary schools randomly selected formed the sample size. Biology Performance Test on Growth (BPTOG) which contained twenty (20) multiple choice questions was used for gathering data. Test re-test method was to test the instrument. The BPTOG was validated by two experts in Department of Curriculum Studies and Educational Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Reliability index of 0.76 was obtained using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation. Mean and Standard deviation were used in answering the research questions and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the academic performance of students in experimental group and those in control. More so, gender has no effect on Biology students’ performance in jigsaw-puzzle group. It was recommended that Biology teachers should adopt Jigsaw-Puzzle Instructional Strategy in this 21st century classroom to encourage group learning among students.
Modelling Nigeria Naria Exchange Rate against Some Selected Country’s Currencies Volatility: Application of GARCH Model
Authors: Abdulhakeem Ajayi , Adams Samuel Olorunfemi , Akano Rafiu Olayinka 
Published: September 2019

This paper examines the exchange rate volatility with GARCH-type model of the daily exchange rate return series from January 2012 – August 2016 for Naira/Chinese Yuan, Naira/India Rupees, Naira/Spain Euro, Naira/UK Pounds and Naira/US Dollar returns. The studies compare estimates of variants of GARCH (1, 1), EGARCH (1, 1), TGARCH (1,1) and GJR-GARCH (1,1) models. The result from all models indict presence of volatility in the five currencies and equally indicate that most of the asymmetric models rejected the existence of a leverage effect except for models with volatility break. For GARCH (1, 1), GJR-GARCH (1, 1,) EGARCH (1,1) and TGARCH (1, 1), it was observed that India have the best exchange rate with the highest log-likelihood (Log L) and the lowest AIC and BIC followed by USA, China, Spain and United Kingdom respectively. The four models was later compared for the exchange rates of the five countries under consideration i.e. China, India, Spain, UK and USA to select the best fitted model for each country and it was discovered that GJR-GARCH (1,1) is the best fitted model for all the countries followed by GARCH (1,1), TGARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) in that order.
A Comparative Study of the Daily Activity Patterns of Dog Faced Baboon (Papio anubis) in Captivity at the Kano University Zoo and Kano Zoological Garden
Authors: Dutse Isah Suleiman , Yahaya Mohammed Musa , Oshibanjo D. O. , Daya Dan`azumi Danboyi 
Published: September 2019

Aim: This study seeks to observed the daily activity patterns of dog faced baboon (Papio anubis) in Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil Zoo and Kano Zoological Garden.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out daily between 6:00am to 6:00pm from December 2016 to January 2017. Digital camera was also attached to cages at the two sites. The observation in the activity patterns were recorded on recording sheet, observation is done three times a week at 20 minutes intervals.
Results: The findings on activity pattern of dog faced baboon (Papio anubis) in captivity shows that the day time activities decrease from morning to evening. Resting activities was 47.5%, movement and feeding were carried out in the morning, followed by afternoon and evening with 33.3% and 19.1% activities respectively. The results from the Kano Zoological Garden, indicated that 42.7% of the activities perform by dog faced baboon in captivity are resting, this is followed by movement which accounted for 34.9% of the activities, while feeding activities account for the least with 22.4%. Similarly, about 43.2% of the recorded activities carried out by dog faced baboon in Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil, Zoo was resting, followed by movement which constituted 34.8% of the activities and feeding activity which accounted for 22%.
Conclusion: Due to the fact that majority of the baboons activities usually take place between morning and afternoon, it is recommended that visitors interested in baboons should plan their visitation to the Zoo pen during that time. It is also recommended that feeding and harassing of animals by the visitors should be discouraged in order to ensure consistency in their behaviour.
Iranian Elderly in Sydney, Australia: A Reflection on Life
Authors: Khavarpour Freidoon A. , Hafshajani Atena , Clapham Kathleen , Clapham Kathleen 
Published: September 2019

The growth in the number and proportion of older adults is unprecedented in the history of Australia. Two factors, longer life spans and ageing baby boomers, have combined to increase this portion of population of Australian aged in recent decades. Using qualitative approach, 20 Iranian migrants, aged 65 and over, were selected and interviewed through a 10 months period, in 2016 and 2017. Conducted in various locations, participants were asked to reflect upon their social and economic experience in Australia. Most were positive about their lives in Australia, considered themselves as Australian citizen, believed Australians have ‘great deal of respect’ for the elderly, are very “warm” and “respectful” towards their elder generation, utilised various government services, and aimed to facilitate the process of “Australisation” of their children. The result indicates that the life of these elderlies can be enhanced by supporting various social and economic services and, by providing ongoing English language classes, a better quality of life for this segment of the population will be ranched.
The effects of training managers on management competencies to improve their management practices and work engagement of their subordinates: A single group pre- and post-test study
Authors: Adachi Hidehiko , Sekiya Yuki , Imamura Kotaro , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Kawakami Norito 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a training program for managers on their management competencies and work engagement of their subordinate workers and to investigate the mediating effect of management competencies on the subordinate work environment.

Methods
A training program, developed based on the UK Health and Safety Executive management competencies framework, was offered to managers in a finance company in Japan. Management competency was assessed at baseline and 1 month after the intervention. Work engagement was assessed at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up. Multilevel correlations between changes in components of management competency and changes in subordinate work engagement were analyzed.

Results
Although 6 of 12 components of management competency increased significantly following the intervention, significant intervention effect on subordinate work engagement was not found. Among 12 components of management competency, the integrity of managers showed significant multilevel correlation with work engagement of their subordinates. Subgroup analyses revealed that this multilevel correlation increased when a manager and a subordinate differed in gender.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicated that the training program developed in this study effectively improved the management competency of managers and that integrity of managers may facilitate work engagement of subordinate workers, especially when a manager and a subordinate are of different genders. Thus, a training program focused on improving the integrity of managers could enhance the work engagement of employees.
Enantioselective Kinetic Resolution/Desymmetrization of Para‐Quinols: A Case Study in Boronic‐Acid‐Directed Phosphoric Acid Catalysis
Authors: Huang Banruo , He Ying , Levin Mark D. , Coelho Jaime A. S. , Bergman Robert G. , Toste F. Dean 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA chiral phosphoric acid‐catalyzed kinetic resolution and desymmetrization of para‐quinols operating via oxa‐Michael addition was developed and subsequently subjected to mechanistic study. Good to excellent s‐factors/enantioselectivities were obtained over a broad range of substrates. Kinetic studies were performed, and DFT studies favor a hydrogen bonding activation mode. The mechanistic studies provide insights to previously reported chiral anion phase transfer reactions involving chiral phosphate catalysts in combination with boronic acids.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Heck/Phosphorylation towards 3,3‐Disubstituted Phosphinonyloxindoles
Authors: Lu Guozhang , Huangfu Xinlei , Wu Zi'ang , Tang Guo , Zhao Yufen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe first Pd‐catalyzed domino Heck/phosphorylation of N‐(2‐iodophenyl)acrylamides with secondary phosphine oxides has been developed. The use of PdCl2 as a catalyst, 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane as a ligand, K2CO3 as a base, various N‐(2‐iodophenyl)acrylamide derivatives are tolerant in this transformation, affording 3‐phosphinomethyl 3,3‐disubstituted oxindole products in good to excellent yields. This transformation offers a straightforward route to the formation of the new C−C and P−C bonds, oxindole ring in one step. Moreover, this method can be easily adapted to large‐scale preparation.magnified image
Template‐Assisted Formation of High‐Quality α‐Phase HC(NH2)2PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Pengju , Ding Yong , Ren Yingke , Shi Xiaoqiang , Arain Zulqarnain , Liu Cheng , Liu Xuepeng , Cai Molang , Cao Guozhong , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Dai Songyuan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFormamidinium (FA) lead halide (α‐FAPbI3) perovskites are promising materials for photovoltaic applications because of their excellent light harvesting capability (absorption edge 840 nm) and long carrier diffusion length. However, it is extremely difficult to prepare a pure α‐FAPbI3 phase because of its easy transformation into a nondesirable δ‐FAPbI3 phase. In the present study, a “perovskite” template (MAPbI3‐FAI‐PbI2‐DMSO) structure is used to avoid and suppress the formation of δ‐FAPbI3 phases. The perovskite structure is formed via postdeposition involving the treatment of colloidal MAI‐PbI2‐DMSO film with FAI before annealing. In situ X‐ray diffraction in vacuum shows no detectable δ‐FAPbI3 phase during the whole synthesis process when the sample is annealed from 100 to 180 °C. This method is found to reduce defects at grain boundaries and enhance the film quality as determined by means of photoluminescence mapping and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated by this method demonstrate a much‐enhanced short‐circuit current density (  Jsc) of 24.99 mA cm−2 and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.24%, which is the highest efficiency reported for pure FAPbI3, with great stability under 800 h of thermal ageing and 500 h of light soaking in nitrogen.
Development of Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Absence of BAFF
Authors: Stohl William , Yu Ning , Chalmers Samantha , Putterman Chaim , Jacob Chaim O. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can develop in the absence of BAFF in an SLE‐prone host.MethodsStarting with C57BL/6 mice that express a human BCL2 transgene (Tg) in their B cells (thereby rendering B cell survival largely independent of BAFF‐triggered signals), we introgressed this Tg into NZM 2328 mice genetically deficient in BAFF (NZM.Baff−/−) to generate NZM.Baff−/−.Bcl2Tg mice. Expression of human Bcl‐2 and lymphocyte profiles were assessed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, and serologic profiles were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Immunofluorescence and histologic analyses were performed to assess renal immunopathologic features in the mice, and clinical disease was assessed according to the outcomes of severe proteinuria and death.ResultsIn comparison to their non‐Tg NZM.Baff−/− littermates (n ≥ 7), NZM.Baff−/−.Bcl2Tg mice (n ≥ 8) overexpressed Bcl‐2 in their B cells and developed significantly increased percentages and numbers of B cells and plasma cells, serum levels of IgG autoantibodies, glomerular deposition of IgG and C3, and severity of glomerular and tubulointerstitial inflammation, culminating in severe proteinuria and death (all P < 0.05 versus NZM.Baff−/− littermates). The time course for development of SLE‐like features in NZM.Baff−/−.Bcl2Tg mice was more rapid than has been previously observed in NZM 2328 wild‐type mice (median age at death 4.5 months versus 7.5 months). NZM.Baff−/−.Bcl2Tg mice remained responsive to BAFF, since reintroduction of the Baff gene into these mice further accelerated the course of disease (median age at death 3 months).ConclusionThe role of BAFF in the development of SLE‐like disease may be dispensable as long as B cell survival is preserved via a BAFF‐independent pathway. This may help explain the limited and variable clinical success with BAFF antagonists in human SLE. Thus, NZM.Baff−/−.Bcl2Tg mice may serve as a powerful murine model for the study of BAFF‐independent SLE.
Predicting survival in cancer patients with and without 30‐day readmission of an unplanned hospitalization using a deficit accumulation approach
Authors: Hembree Timothy N. , Thirlwell Sarah , Reich Richard R. , Pabbathi Smitha , Extermann Martine , Ramsakal Asha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor cancer patients with an unplanned hospitalization, estimating survival has been limited. We examined factors predicting survival and investigated the concept of using a deficit‐accumulation survival index (DASI) in this population.MethodsData were abstracted from medical records of 145 patients who had an unplanned 30‐day readmission between 01/01/16 and 09/30/16. Comparison data were obtained for patients who were admitted as close in time to the date of index admission of a study patient, but who did not experience a readmission within 30 days of their discharge date. Our survival analysis compared those readmitted within 30 days versus those who were not. Scores from 23 medical record elements used in our DASI system categorized patients into low‐, moderate‐, and high‐score groups.ResultsThirty‐day readmission was strongly associated with the survival (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46‐3.92). Patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge from index admission had a median survival of 147 days (95% CI, 85‐207) versus patients not readmitted who had not reached median survival by the end of the study (P < .0001). DASI was useful in predicting the survival; median survival time was 78 days (95% CI, 61‐131) for the high score, 318 days (95% CI, 207‐426) for the moderate score, and not reached as of 426 days (95% CI, 251 to undetermined) for the low‐score DASI group (P < .0001).ConclusionsPatients readmitted within 30 days of an unplanned hospitalization are at higher risk of mortality than those not readmitted. A novel DASI developed from clinical documentation may help to predict survival in this population.
Detection of SRY‐positive46,XX male syndrome by the analysis of cell‐free fetal DNA via non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: De Falco Luigia , Savarese Giovanni , Suero Teresa , Amabile Sonia , Ruggiero Raffaella , Savarese Pasquale , Fico Antonio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report a new case of 46,XX male syndrome that was detected following an anomalous result by non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and a discrepancy between the fetal karyotype and the ultrasonographic investigation. With the increasing use of NIPT, more gender discordances can be identified prenatally and be amenable to early therapy.