bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Google Trends as a Tool for Evaluating Public Interest in Facial Cosmetic Procedures
Authors: Tijerina Jonathan D , Morrison Shane D , Nolan Ian T , Vail Daniel G , Nazerali Rahim , Lee Gordon K 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The utility of Google Trends (GT) in analyzing worldwide and regional patient interest for plastic surgery procedures is becoming invaluable to plastic surgery practices. GT data may offer practical information to plastic surgeons pertaining to seasonal and geographic trends in interest in facial cosmetic procedures.

Objectives
The authors sought to analyze geographic and temporal trends between GT search volumes and US surgery volumes using univariate analysis.

Methods
The “related queries” feature of GT generated potential search terms. GT data were compiled for cheek implants, mentoplasty, otoplasty, blepharoplasty, rhytidectomy, forehead lift, hair transplantation, lip augmentation, lip reduction, platysmaplasty, and rhinoplasty from January 2004 to December 2017. Annual volumes for respective procedures were obtained from annual statistics reports of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) from 2006 to 2017 and American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery (ASAPS) from 2004 to 2017.

Results
Geographical and temporal variations in search volume were detected during the study. Search volume trends that correlated significantly with both ASPS and ASAPS surgery volume trends were: “eyelid plastic surgery” (ASPS R2 = 0.336, P = 0.048; ASAPS R2 = 0.661, P = 0.001); “facelift” (ASPS R2 = 0.767, P ≤ 0.001; ASAPS R2 = 0.767, P = 0.001); “lip injections” (ASPS R2 = 0.539, P = 0.007; ASAPS R2 = 0.461, P = 0.044); and “rhinoplasty surgery” (ASPS R2 = 0.797, P ≤ 0.001; ASAPS R2 = 0.441, P = 0.01). Several search terms demonstrated no significant relationships or were significant with only one database.

Conclusions
GT may provide a high utility for informing plastic surgeons about the interest expressed by our patient population regarding certain cosmetic search terms and procedures. GT may represent a convenient tool for optimizing marketing and advertising decisions.
A global transcriptomic pipeline decoding core network of genes involved in stages leading to acquisition of drug-resistance to cisplatin in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Niveditha Divya , Mukherjee Sudeshna , Majumder Syamantak , Chowdhury Rajdeep , Chowdhury Shibasish 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Traditional cancer therapy is focused on eradicating fast proliferating population of tumor cells. However, existing evidences suggest survival of sub-population of cancer cells that can resist chemotherapy by entering a ‘persister’ state of minimal growth. These cells eventually survive to produce cells resistant to drugs. The identifying of appropriate targets that can eliminate the drug-tolerant ‘persisters’ remains a challenge. Hence, a deeper understanding of the distinctive genetic signatures that lead to resistance is of utmost importance to design an appropriate therapy.

Results
In this study, deep-sequencing of mRNA was performed in osteosarcoma (OS) cells, exposed to the widely used drug, cisplatin which is an integral part of current treatment regime for OS. Transcriptomic analysis was performed in (i) untreated OS; (ii) persister sub-population of cells post-drug shock; (iii) cells which evade growth bottleneck and (iv) drug-resistant cells obtained after several rounds of drug shock and revival. The transcriptomic signatures and pathways regulated in each group were compared; the transcriptomic pipeline to the acquisition of resistance was analyzed and the core network of genes altered during the process was delineated. Additionally, our transcriptomic data were compared with OS patient data obtained from Gene Ontology Omnibus. We observed a sub-set of genes to be commonly expressed in both data sets with a high correlation (0.81) in expression pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this study is uniquely designed to understand the series of genetic changes leading to the emergence of drug-resistant cells, and implications from this study have a potential therapeutic impact.

Availability and implementation
All raw data can be accessed from GEO database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) under the GEO accession number GSE86053.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Cross-type biomedical named entity recognition with deep multi-task learning
Authors: Wang Xuan , Zhang Yu , Ren Xiang , Zhang Yuhao , Zitnik Marinka , Shang Jingbo , Langlotz Curtis , Han Jiawei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
State-of-the-art biomedical named entity recognition (BioNER) systems often require handcrafted features specific to each entity type, such as genes, chemicals and diseases. Although recent studies explored using neural network models for BioNER to free experts from manual feature engineering, the performance remains limited by the available training data for each entity type.

Results
We propose a multi-task learning framework for BioNER to collectively use the training data of different types of entities and improve the performance on each of them. In experiments on 15 benchmark BioNER datasets, our multi-task model achieves substantially better performance compared with state-of-the-art BioNER systems and baseline neural sequence labeling models. Further analysis shows that the large performance gains come from sharing character- and word-level information among relevant biomedical entities across differently labeled corpora.

Availability and implementation
Our source code is available at https://github.com/yuzhimanhua/lm-lstm-crf.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A Study on Senior Managers’ Views of Participation in One Local Authority… a Case of Wilful Blindness?
Authors: Diaz Clive , Aylward Tricia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Children in care are one of the most vulnerable groups in our society and senior managers should be committed towards improving their well-being. Empowerment through participation can contribute to this. This study considered the extent to which young people in care were encouraged to participate in decision making, particularly in their review meetings. The paper explores the views of seven senior managers in one local authority in this regard. It formed part of a wider study in which social workers, independent reviewing officers and young people in care were also interviewed. Findings indicate a disconnect between senior managers’ views and other participants. Senior managers were unaware of the challenges that the social workers and independent reviewing officers said they faced. Their understanding of meaningful participation appeared to be limited, their curiosity subdued and their willingness to challenge limited. Senior managers informed that care plans were not up-to-date or considered at the review and were unsure about what opportunities children had to participate and how management could support this. Senior managers reflected that little seemed to have changed in relation to children’s participation in their reviews over the last twenty-five years.
Accuracy of urinary symptoms and urine microscopy in diagnosing urinary tract infection in women
Authors: Tan Ngiap Chuan , Koong Agnes Ying Leng , Ng Lok Pui , Hu Pei Lin , Koh Eileen Yi Ling , Tan Kee Tung , Moey Peter Kirm Seng , Tan Mei Xuan , Wong Chia Siong , Tan Thean Yen , Ho Hanley Jian An , Chen Mark I-Cheng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Women with urinary tract infections (UTIs) often present with urinary complaints such as frequency of micturition, dysuria, foul-smelling urine and other non-specific symptoms like fever. Physicians may order urine microscopy to guide empirical antibiotic prescription. However, the performance of this approach has not been assessed.

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the accuracy of UTI symptoms and urine microscopy associated with culture-positive UTI in Asian women.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of adult women who presented with UTI-related symptoms was conducted at three public primary care clinics in Singapore. Demographic data and information on their symptoms were collected, followed by urine microscopy and culture to diagnose UTI. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV), negative predictive values (NPV), accuracy (ACC) and area under curve (AUC) of combinations of symptom and urine investigations were analysed in association with culture-positive UTI, which was regarded as a benchmark.

Results
Data on 564 women (73.9% Chinese, 11.5% Malay, 8.2% Indian) were analysed, of which 259 (45.9%) had culture-positive UTI. Frequency and foul-smelling urine, pyuria (WBC ≥10/hpf) and semi-quantitative bacterial count (≥2+) were significantly associated with positive urine culture. The ACC and AUC for single or multiple urinary and/or general symptoms were low. Urine pyuria (minimally >10/hpf) alone or in combination with symptoms and/or semi-quantitative bacterial count achieved high sensitivity (>85%) and PPV, NPV, ACC and AUC of >70%.

Conclusion
Urinary symptoms have limited accuracy in diagnosing culture-positive UTI. Concurrent urine microscopy showing presence of pyuria and/or bacterial count increased the diagnostic accuracy of culture-positive UTI.
Research supervision as a mutual learning process: introducing salutogenesis into supervision using ‘The Collegial Model’
Authors: Eriksson Monica 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearch using salutogenic factors to promote health is extensive. Salutogenesis, and its core concept ‘sense of coherence’ (SOC), is a resource-oriented theory and framework, applicable in different contexts. Research combining health promotion and doctoral supervision in higher education is scarce. This article places research supervision in a broader context of sustainable working life by focusing on stress management. It is about health promotion in an area of research supervision, a new approach not described earlier. Research on supervision in general is extensive, focusing on co-generative mentoring, counselling and coaching. A new salutogenic model, ‘The Collegial Model’, is presented as an example of practical application. The aim of the present article is to introduce and discuss how the salutogenic theory and model of health can be applied to research supervision of postgraduate students. Knowledge about how SOC impacts health and learning has benefit from a systematic review on salutogenic research covering published papers from 1992 to 2003 and until today. ‘The Collegial Model’ examines fundamental characteristics of supervision related to ethics and sense of coherence: relations, communication, processes, reciprocity, reflection, learning, comprehensibility, manageability, meaningfulness and coherence. Principles for carrying out supervision ‘the salutogenic way’ are suggested. The conclusion is that doctoral supervision involves mutual learning processes between colleagues in the supervisory team. Supervision has to be theory driven, implying that supervisors could benefit from applying a salutogenic way of thinking and working, particularly in development of guidelines for research supervision.
Detecting mortality variation to enhance forage fish population assessments
Authors: Jacobsen Nis S , Thorson James T , Essington Timothy E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Contemporary stock assessment models used by fisheries management often assume that natural mortality rates are constant over time for exploited fish stocks. This assumption results in biased estimates of fishing mortality and reference points when mortality changes over time. However, it is difficult to distinguish changes in natural mortality from changes in fishing mortality, selectivity, and recruitment. Because changes in size structure can be indicate changes in mortality, one potential solution is to use population size-structure and fisheries catch data to simultaneously estimate time-varying natural and fishing mortality. Here we test that hypothesis, using a simulation experiment to test performance for four alternative estimation models that estimate natural and fishing mortality from size structure and catch data. We show that it is possible to estimate time-varying natural mortality in a size-based model, even when fishing mortality, recruitment, and selectivity are changing over time. Finally, we apply the model to North Sea sprat, and show that estimates of recruitment and natural mortality are similar to estimates from an alternative multispecies population model fitted to additional data sources. We recommend exploring potential trends in natural mortality in forage fish assessments using tools such as the one presented here.
Population-level mortality benefits of improved blood pressure control in Indonesia: a modelling study
Authors: Sudharsanan Nikkil 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
There are few estimates of the potential gains in adult mortality from population-level improvements in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a major low-and-middle income country (LMIC). Using nationally representative cohort data from Indonesia—the third most populous LMIC— I estimated the gains in adult life expectancy from improving SBP control among adults ages 40 and above and assessed the benefits among richer and poorer subpopulations.

Methods
I used longitudinal data from 10 085 adults ages 40 and above (75 288 person-age observations) enrolled in the 2007 and 2014/15 waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey. Next, I used Poisson-regression parametric g-formulas to directly estimate age-specific mortality rates under different blood pressure control strategies and constructed period life expectancies using the observed and counterfactual mortality rates.

Results
Fully controlling SBP to a population mean of under 125 mmHg was associated with a life expectancy gain at age 40 of 5.3 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.2, 7.4] for men and 6.0 years (95% CI: 3.6, 8.4) for women. The gains associated with blood pressure control were similar for both rich and poor subpopulations. The life expectancy gains under scenarios with imperfect blood pressure control and coverage were more modest in size and ranged between 1 and 2.5 years for a large fraction of the scenarios.

Conclusions
In Indonesia, elevated SBP carries a large mortality burden, though the results suggest that realistic efforts to address hypertension will likely produce more modest gains in life expectancy. Comparing improvements from different strategies and identifying the most cost-effective ways to introduce and scale up hypertension interventions is a critical focus for both research and policy.
Foods, macronutrients and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a large UK cohort
Authors: Key Timothy J , Balkwill Angela , Bradbury Kathryn E , Reeves Gillian K , Kuan Ai Seon , Simpson Rachel F , Green Jane , Beral Valerie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The role of diet in breast cancer aetiology is unclear; recent studies have suggested associations may differ by estrogen receptor status.

Methods
Baseline diet was assessed in 2000–04 using a validated questionnaire in 691 571 postmenopausal UK women without previous cancer, who had not changed their diet recently. They were followed by record linkage to national cancer and death databases. Cox regression yielded adjusted relative risks for breast cancer for 10 food items and eight macronutrients, subdivided mostly into five categories of baseline intake. Trends in risk across the baseline categories were calculated, assigning re-measured intakes to allow for measurement error and changes in intake over time; P-values allowed for multiple testing.

Results
Women aged 59.9 (standard deviation (SD 4.9)) years at baseline were followed for 12 (SD 3) years; 29 005 were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Alcohol intake had the strongest association with breast cancer incidence: relative risk (RR) 1.08 [99% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–1.11] per 10 g/day higher intake, P = 5.8 × 10−14. There were inverse associations with fruit: RR 0.94 (99% CI 0.92–0.97) per 100 g/day higher intake, P = 1.1 × 10−6, and dietary fibre: RR 0.91 (99% CI 0.87–0.96) per 5 g/day increase, P = 1.1 × 10−4. Fruit and fibre intakes were correlated (ρ = 0.62) and were greater among women who were not overweight, so residual confounding cannot be excluded. There was no heterogeneity for any association by estrogen receptor status.

Conclusions
By far the strongest association was between alcohol intake and an increased risk of breast cancer. Of the other 17 intakes examined, higher intakes of fruit and fibre were associated with lower risks of breast cancer, but it is unclear whether or not these associations are causal.
Electronic cigarette usage patterns: a case study combining survey and social media data
Authors: Zhan Yongcheng , Etter Jean-François , Leischow Scott , Zeng Daniel 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Objective
To identify who were social media active e-cigarette users, to compare the use patterns from both survey and social media data for data triangulation, and to jointly use both datasets to conduct a comprehensive analysis on e-cigarette future use intentions.

Materials and Methods
We jointly used an e-cigarette use online survey (n = 5132) and a social media dataset. We conducted analysis from 3 different perspectives. We analyzed online forum participation patterns using survey data. We compared e-cigarette use patterns, including brand and flavor types, ratings, and purchase approaches, between the 2 datasets. We used logistic regression to study intentions to use e-cigarettes using both datasets.

Results
Male and younger e-cigarette users were the most likely to participate in e-cigarette-related discussion forums. Forum active survey participants were hardcore vapers. The e-cigarette use patterns were similar in the online survey data and the social media data. Intention to use e-cigarettes was positively related to e-liquid ratings and flavor ratings. Social media provided a valuable source of information on users’ ratings of e-cigarette refill liquids.

Discussion
For hardcore vapers, social media data were consistent with online survey data, which suggests that social media may be useful to study e-cigarette use behaviors and can serve as a useful complement to online survey research. We proposed an innovative framework for social media data triangulation in public health studies.

Conclusion
We illustrated how social media data, combined with online survey data, can serve as a new and rich information source for public health research.
Unusually High Incidences of Pseudomonas Bacteremias Within Topical Polymyxin–Based Decolonization Studies of Mechanically Ventilated Patients: Benchmarking the Literature
Authors: Hurley James C 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Topical polymyxin (PM)–based regimens to decolonize patients receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) have been widely studied. However, paradoxical bacteremia incidences remain unexplained.

Methods
The literature was searched for studies of topical PM–based regimens used to decontaminate MV patients reporting incidences of overall and Pseudomonas bacteremia data. In addition, observational groups without any intervention and trials of various interventions other than topical PM (non-PM studies) served to provide external benchmarks and additional points of reference, respectively. The bacteremia incidences were extracted from the control and intervention (component) groups of these studies and compared with metaregression using generalized estimating equation methods.

Results
The summary odds ratio derived from studies of topical PM–based interventions against overall bacteremia was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.69). Benchmark incidences per 100 MV patients for overall (mean, 8.9%; 95% CI, 6.9% to 10.9%) and Pseudomonas (mean, 0.7%; 95% CI, 0.5% to 1.1%) bacteremia were derived from 16 observational studies. By contrast, among 17 studies of topical PM, the mean incidences among control groups for overall (mean, 15.3%; 95% CI, 11.5% to 20.3%) and Pseudomonas (mean, 1.6%; 95% CI, 0.9% to 3.1%) bacteremia were both higher, whereas these incidences in the intervention groups for both topical PM and non-PM studies were in each case more similar to the respective benchmarks. These paradoxical incidences cannot readily be explained in metaregression models.

Conclusions
Paradoxically, despite an apparent prevention effect of topical PM–based methods against bacteremia overall, the incidences of Pseudomonas bacteremia within the component groups of these studies are unusually high vs literature-derived benchmarks.
Regulation of CNS Plasticity Through the Extracellular Matrix
Authors: Warren Philippa M. , Dickens Stuart M. , Gigout Sylvain , Fawcett James W. , Kwok Jessica C.F. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Contrary to established dogma, the central nervous system (CNS) has a capacity for regeneration and is moderately plastic. Traditionally, such changes have been recognized through development, but more recently, this has been documented in adults through learning and memory or during the advent of trauma and disease. One of the causes of such plasticity has been related to changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM). This complex scaffold of sugars and proteins in the extracellular space alters functionality of the surrounding tissue through moderation of synaptic connections, neurotransmission, ion diffusion, and modification to the cytoskeleton. This chapter discusses the role of the ECM in CNS plasticity in development and the adult. Further, it determines how the ECM affects normal neuronal functioning in critical processes such as memory. Finally, the chapter assesses how the ECM contributes to adverse CNS changes in injury and disease, concentrating on how this matrix may be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
Alienation, or Why Capitalism is Bad for Us
Authors: Swain Dan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This chapter considers the significance of Marx’s concept of alienation to his overall criticism of capitalism. At the concept’s core is the idea that while labor is potentially a fulfilling and liberating activity, under capitalism it appears only as a hostile, dominating force. Workers thus experience their own activity, natural and built environments, and fellow human beings as alien and hostile. While this idea has been deeply influential, it has also been the subject of heated controversies, in particular for its apparent dependence on an essentialist or teleological idea of human nature. While important, such controversies were often inflated by their political and intellectual context, and this chapter argues they should be considered alongside the lasting significance of alienation as an explanatory concept. Understood as such, it can still contribute a great deal to understanding and criticizing contemporary society, and provide guidance for how to transcend and replace it.
Primitive Accumulation in Post-Soviet Russia
Authors: Mandel David 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Starting from the Marxist concept of “primitive accumulation,” the process by which the toilers are forcefully separated from the means of production in the origins of capitalism, this article analyzes the role of the state in the process of capitalist restoration in Russia following the demise of the Soviet Union. The concrete form that that process assumed, the nature of the bourgeoisie and the type of capitalism the emerged from it, provide in turn the key to understanding the authoritarian nature of the Russian state. This is a so-called “managed democracy”—a state whose executive dominates both the popular classes and the bourgeoisie, even while serving the latter’s economic interests.