bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping Curie Depth Across Western Canada From a Wavelet Analysis of Magnetic Anomaly Data
Authors: Gaudreau É. , Audet P. , Schneider D.A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn western Canada, geophysical studies infer an abrupt change in crustal temperatures between the Canadian Cordillera and the adjacent North American craton, with important implications for the tectonics and geodynamics of the area. We use a wavelet analysis of magnetic anomaly data in western Canada to map the depth to the bottom of the magnetic source, or Curie depth. This depth corresponds to the point at which crustal rocks reach their Curie temperature, thus providing an estimate of geothermal gradient. Our model is defined by a fractal distribution of magnetization characterized by the parameter β, as well as the depths to the top (zt) and bottom (zb) of the magnetized layer. Synthetic tests reveal the increased accuracy of the estimated zb when values for zt and β are fixed prior to the inversion. We set zt to the thickness of sedimentary rocks overlying the magnetic bedrock and use various values of β to estimate zb. We determine β a posteriori by comparing Monte Carlo simulations of predicted heat flow values (assuming a Curie temperature of 580 °C) with observed heat flow in various regions. Our results suggest a β value of 2.5 for the Canadian Cordillera and Slave craton, and 2 for the remaining North American craton. The Curie depths resolve geological domains and important structural features, with estimates for zb averaging 15 ± 1 km in the Cordillera, 32 ± 3 km in the Slave craton, and 34 ± 3 km in the North American craton to the south.
Discriminating Between Causes of D″ Anisotropy Using Reflections and Splitting Measurements for a Single Path
Authors: Pisconti Angelo , Thomas Christine , Wookey James 
Published: April 2019

AbstractKnowledge of deep mantle deformation is based on seismic anisotropy: the variation of seismic wave speed and polarization with direction. Measuring this directional dependency requires azimuthal seismic coverage at D″ depth—the bottom few hundred kilometers of the mantle—which is often a limit in retrieving the style of anisotropy. Shear wave splitting is the standard technique for probing mantle anisotropy, and recently, reflections from the D″ region have been used to infer azimuthal anisotropy. Here we combine observations and modeling of D″ reflections with shear wave splitting along a given raypath direction in order to constrain mineralogy and dynamics of the lower mantle. From our modeling, a clear distinction between different anisotropic media is possible by using both types of observations together but only one directional path. We focus on the lowermost mantle beneath the central Atlantic Ocean by using South‐Central American earthquakes recorded in Morocco. We find complex azimuthal and distance variation for both polarities of D″ reflections and shear wave splitting parameters, which rules out a simple style of anisotropy—such as vertical transverse isotropy—for the region. Our preferred model consists of a phase transition from a randomly oriented bridgmanite to lattice‐preferred orientation fabric in postperovskite, developed in a tilted plane sheared along a roughly SW‐NE deformation direction.
Eddy Influences on the Hadley Circulation
Authors: Davis Nicholas A. , Birner Thomas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVariations in the width and strength of the Hadley cells are associated with many radiative, thermodynamic, and dynamical forcings. The physical mechanisms driving these responses remain unclear, in part because of the interactive nature of eddy‐mean flow adjustment. Here, a modeling framework is developed which separates the mean flow and time‐mean eddy flow in a gray radiation general circulation model with simple representations of ocean heat transport and ozone. In the absence of eddies, with moist convection and weak numerical damping, the Hadley cell is confined to the upper troposphere and has a vanishingly small poleward momentum flux. Eddies allow the cell to extend down to the surface, double its heat transport, and flux momentum poleward, the latter two being basic consequences of a deepening of the circulation. Because of convection and damping—which mimics, in part, the effect of eddy stresses—previous work may have underestimated the impact of eddies on earth's circulation. Quasigeostrophic eddy fluxes are sufficient to produce Hadley and Ferrel cells, but with a substantially greater Hadley cell strength than when all eddy impacts are considered, including eddy fluxes of moisture, mass, and momentum and eddy impacts on surface fluxes and clouds.
Relationships Between Olivine CPO and Deformation Parameters in Naturally Deformed Rocks and Implications for Mantle Seismic Anisotropy
Authors: Bernard Rachel E. , Behr Whitney M. , Becker Thorsten W. , Young David J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe analyze peridotites from a wide range of tectonic settings to investigate relationships between olivine crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) and deformation conditions in naturally deformed rocks. These samples preserve the five olivine CPO types (A‐ through E‐type) that rock deformation experiments have suggested are controlled by water content, temperature, stress magnitude, and pressure. The naturally deformed specimens newly investigated here (65 samples) and compiled from an extensive literature review (445 samples) reveal that these factors may matter less than deformation history and/or geometry. Some trends support those predicted by experimentally determined parametric dependence, but several observations disagree—namely, that all CPO types are able to form at very low water contents and stresses and that there is no clear relationship between water content and CPO type. This implies that at the low stresses typical of deformation in the mantle, CPO type more commonly varies as a function of strain geometry. Because olivine CPO is primarily responsible for seismic anisotropy in the upper mantle, the results of this study have several implications. These include (1) the many olivine CPO types recorded in samples from individual localities may explain some of the complex seismic anisotropy patterns observed in the continental mantle, and (2) B‐type CPO—where olivine's “fast axes” align perpendicular to flow direction—occurs under many more conditions than traditionally thought. This study highlights the need for more experiments and the difficulty in using olivine CPO in naturally deformed peridotites to infer deformation conditions.
Engineering osteoblastic metastases to delineate the adaptive response of androgen-deprived prostate cancer in the bone metastatic microenvironment
Authors: Bock Nathalie , Shokoohmand Ali , Kryza Thomas , Röhl Joan , Meijer Jonelle , Tran Phong A. , Nelson Colleen C. , Clements Judith A. , Hutmacher Dietmar W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhile stromal interactions are essential in cancer adaptation to hormonal therapies, the effects of bone stroma and androgen deprivation on cancer progression in bone are poorly understood. Here, we tissue-engineered and validated an in vitro microtissue model of osteoblastic bone metastases, and used it to study the effects of androgen deprivation in this microenvironment. The model was established by culturing primary human osteoprogenitor cells on melt electrowritten polymer scaffolds, leading to a mineralized osteoblast-derived microtissue containing, in a 3D setting, viable osteoblastic cells, osteocytic cells, and appropriate expression of osteoblast/osteocyte-derived mRNA and proteins, and mineral content. Direct co-culture of androgen receptor-dependent/independent cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2B, and PC3) led cancer cells to display functional and molecular features as observed in vivo. Co-cultured cancer cells showed increased affinity to the microtissues, as a function of their bone metastatic potential. Co-cultures led to alkaline phosphatase and collagen-I upregulation and sclerostin downregulation, consistent with the clinical marker profile of osteoblastic bone metastases. LNCaP showed a significant adaptive response under androgen deprivation in the microtissues, with the notable appearance of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation features and increased expression of related markers (dopa decarboxylase, enolase 2). Androgen deprivation affected the biology of the metastatic microenvironment with stronger upregulation of androgen receptor, alkaline phosphatase, and dopa decarboxylase, as seen in the transition towards resistance. The unique microtissues engineered here represent a substantial asset to determine the involvement of the human bone microenvironment in prostate cancer progression and response to a therapeutic context in this microenvironment.
A new heterozygous compound mutation in the CTSA gene in galactosialidosis
Authors: Nakajima Hideki , Ueno Miki , Adachi Kaori , Nanba Eiji , Narita Aya , Tsukimoto Jun , Itoh Kohji , Kawakami Atushi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGalactosialidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by the combined deficiency of lysosomal β-galactosidase and neuraminidase due to a defect in the protective protein/cathepsin A. Patients present with various clinical manifestations and are classified into three types according to the age of onset: the early infantile type, the late infantile type, and the juvenile/adult type. We report a Japanese female case of juvenile/adult type galactosialidosis. Clinically, she presented with short stature, coarse facies, angiokeratoma, remarkable action myoclonus, and cerebellar ataxia. The patient was diagnosed with galactosialidosis with confirmation of impaired β-galactosidase and neuraminidase function in cultured skin fibroblasts. Sanger sequencing for CTSA identified a compound heterozygous mutation consisting of NM_00308.3(CTSA):c.746 + 3A>G and c.655-1G>A. Additional analysis of her mother’s DNA sequence indicated that the former mutation originated from her mother, and therefore the latter was estimated to be from the father or was a de novo mutation. Both mutations are considered pathogenic owing to possible splicing abnormalities. One of them (c.655-1G>A) is novel because it has never been reported previously.
Natural variation of OsGluA2 is involved in grain protein content regulation in rice
Authors: Yang Yihao , Guo Min , Sun Shengyuan , Zou Yelu , Yin Shuangyi , Liu Yannan , Tang Shuzhu , Gu Minghong , Yang Zefeng , Yan Changjie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGrain protein content (GPC) affects rice nutrition quality. Here, we identify two stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs), qGPC-1 and qGPC-10, controlling GPC in a mapping population derived from indica and japonica cultivars crossing. Map-based cloning reveals that OsGluA2, encoding a glutelin type-A2 precursor, is the candidate gene underlying qGPC-10. It functions as a positive regulator of GPC and has a pleiotropic effect on rice grain quality. One SNP located in OsGluA2 promoter region is associated with its transcript expression level and GPC diversity. Polymorphisms of this nucleotide can divide all haplotypes into low (OsGluA2LET) and high (OsGluA2HET) expression types. Population genetic and evolutionary analyses reveal that OsGluA2LET, mainly present in japonica accessions, originates from wild rice. However, OsGluA2HET, the dominant type in indica, is acquired through mutation of OsGluA2LET. Our results shed light on the understanding of natural variations of GPC between indica and japonica subspecies.
The health and social implications of household air pollution and respiratory diseases
Authors: Simkovich Suzanne M. , Goodman Dina , Roa Christian , Crocker Mary E. , Gianella Gonzalo E. , Kirenga Bruce J. , Wise Robert A. , Checkley William 
Published: April 2019

AbstractApproximately three billion individuals are exposed to household air pollution (HAP) from the burning of biomass fuels worldwide. Household air pollution is responsible for 2.9 million annual deaths and causes significant health, economic and social consequences, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Although there is biological plausibility to draw an association between HAP exposure and respiratory diseases, existing evidence is either lacking or conflicting. We abstracted systematic reviews and meta-analyses for summaries available for common respiratory diseases in any age group and performed a literature search to complement these reviews with newly published studies. Based on the literature summarized in this review, HAP exposure has been associated with acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumoconiosis, head and neck cancers, and lung cancer. No study, however, has established a causal link between HAP exposure and respiratory disease. Furthermore, few studies have controlled for tobacco smoke exposure and outdoor air pollution. More studies with consistent diagnostic criteria and exposure monitoring are needed to accurately document the association between household air pollution exposure and respiratory disease. Better environmental exposure monitoring is critical to better separate the contributions of household air pollution from that of other exposures, including ambient air pollution and tobacco smoking. Clinicians should be aware that patients with current or past HAP exposure are at increased risk for respiratory diseases or malignancies and may want to consider earlier screening in this population.
Evidence-based guidelines for controlling pH in mammalian live-cell culture systems
Authors: Michl Johanna , Park Kyung Chan , Swietach Pawel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA fundamental variable in culture medium is its pH, which must be controlled by an appropriately formulated buffering regime, since biological processes are exquisitely sensitive to acid–base chemistry. Although awareness of the importance of pH is fostered early in the training of researchers, there are no consensus guidelines for best practice in managing pH in cell cultures, and reporting standards relating to pH are typically inadequate. Furthermore, many laboratories adopt bespoke approaches to controlling pH, some of which inadvertently produce artefacts that increase noise, compromise reproducibility or lead to the misinterpretation of data. Here, we use real-time measurements of medium pH and intracellular pH under live-cell culture conditions to describe the effects of various buffering regimes, including physiological CO2/HCO3− and non-volatile buffers (e.g. HEPES). We highlight those cases that result in poor control, non-intuitive outcomes and erroneous inferences. To improve data reproducibility, we propose guidelines for controlling pH in culture systems.
The subthreshold-active KV7 current regulates neurotransmission by limiting spike-induced Ca2+ influx in hippocampal mossy fiber synaptic terminals
Authors: Martinello Katiuscia , Giacalone Elisabetta , Migliore Michele , Brown David A. , Shah Mala M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the properties and function of ion channels that affect synaptic terminal-resting properties. One particular subthreshold-active ion channel, the Kv7 potassium channel, is highly localized to axons, but its role in regulating synaptic terminal intrinsic excitability and release is largely unexplored. Using electrophysiological recordings together with computational modeling, we found that the KV7 current was active at rest in adult hippocampal mossy fiber synaptic terminals and enhanced their membrane conductance. The current also restrained action potential-induced Ca2+influx via N- and P/Q-type Ca2+channels in boutons. This was associated with a substantial reduction in the spike half-width and afterdepolarization following presynaptic spikes. Further, by constraining spike-induced Ca2+influx, the presynaptic KV7 current decreased neurotransmission onto CA3 pyramidal neurons and short-term synaptic plasticity at the mossy fiber–CA3 synapse. This is a distinctive mechanism by which KV7 channels influence hippocampal neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity.
The chemical diversity of RNA modifications
Authors: Ontiveros R. Jordan , Stoute Julian , Liu Kathy Fange 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Nucleic acid modifications in DNA and RNA ubiquitously exist among all the three kingdoms of life. This trait significantly broadens the genome diversity and works as an important means of gene transcription regulation. Although mammalian systems have limited types of DNA modifications, over 150 different RNA modification types have been identified, with a wide variety of chemical diversities. Most modifications occur on transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA, however many of the modifications also occur on other types of RNA species including mammalian mRNA and small nuclear RNA, where they are essential for many biological roles, including developmental processes and stem cell differentiation. These post-transcriptional modifications are enzymatically installed and removed in a site-specific manner by writer and eraser proteins respectively, while reader proteins can interpret modifications and transduce the signal for downstream functions. Dysregulation of mRNA modifications manifests as disease states, including multiple types of human cancer. In this review, we will introduce the chemical features and biological functions of these modifications in the coding and non-coding RNA species.
MicroRNA-550a is associated with muscle system conferring poorer survival for esophageal cancer
Authors: Hong Housong , Liu Taisheng , Wu Huazhen , Zhang Jinye , Shi Xiaoshun , Le Xiaobing , Chen Allen M. , Mo Haiyun , Huang Qianqian , Zhou Huaping , Rao Xuguang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is one of the most common cancers in the digestive tract. Approximately 300000 people on an average die of ESCA per year worldwide. The determination of key microRNAs for the prognosis of ESCA is of indispensable significance in the clinical treatment. Methods The differentially expressed microRNAs were screened by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. By using the survival data of the database, we analyzed correlation between patients’ survival time and miR-550a expression levels. Differential expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed using the targeted data. Results It was found that patients with high miR-550a expression levels had shorter survival time. Data mining and signal pathway enrichment analysis of TCGA database showed that abnormal miR-550a expressions affected the recurrence of tumors by the muscle system regulation. Conclusions Through the proposed investigation, miR-550a is found to be a potential biomarker as well as non-coding therapeutic target for esophagus cancer. These results suggest that miR-550a may serve as a therapeutic target and predictor for ESCA survival.
Highly luminous supernovae associated with gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Kann D. A. , Schady P. , Olivares E. F. , Klose S. , Rossi A. , Perley D. A. , Krühler T. , Greiner J. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. , Elliott J. , Knust F. , Filgas R. , Pian E. , Mazzali P. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Leloudas G. , Afonso P. M. J. , Delvaux C. , Graham J. F. , Rau A. , Schmidl S. , Schulze S. , Tanga M. , Updike A. C. , Varela K. 
Published: April 2019

Context. GRB 111209A, one of the longest gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) ever observed, is linked to SN 2011kl, which is the most luminous GRB supernova (SN) detected so far. Several lines of evidence indicate that this GRB-SN is powered by a magnetar central engine.
Aims. We place SN 2011kl into the context of large samples of SNe, addressing in more detail the question of whether this GRB-SN could be radioactively powered, and whether it represents an extreme version of a GRB-SN or an underluminous superluminous SN (SLSN).
Methods. We modelled SN 2011kl using SN 1998bw as a template and derived a bolometric light curve including near-infrared data. We compared the properties of SN 2011kl to literature results on stripped-envelope and SLSNe.
Results. A comparison in the k, s context, i.e. comparing SN 2011kl to SN 1998bw templates in terms of luminosity and light-curve stretch, clearly shows SN 2011kl is the most luminous GRB-SN to date and is spectrally very dissimilar to other events because it is significantly bluer/hotter. Although SN 2011kl does not reach the classical luminosity threshold of SLSNe and evolves faster than any of these objects, it resembles SLSNe more than the classical GRB-associated broad-lined Type Ic SNe in several aspects.
Conclusions. GRB 111209A was a very energetic event, both at early (prompt emission) and at very late (SN) times. We show in a companion publication that with the exception of the extreme duration, the GRB and afterglow parameters are in agreement with the known distributions for these parameters. SN 2011kl, on the other hand, is exceptional both in luminosity and spectral characteristics, indicating that GRB 111209A was likely not powered by a standard-model collapsar central engine, further supporting our earlier conclusions. Instead, it reveals the possibility of a direct link between GRBs and SLSNe.
Nationale Empfehlungen für Bewegung und Bewegungsförderung: ältere Erwachsene und Erwachsene mit einer chronischen Erkrankung
Authors: Geidl Wolfgang , Abu-Omar Karim , Messing Sven , Hartung Verena , Rütten Alfred , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund 2016 wurden erstmals „Nationale Empfehlungen für Bewegung und Bewegungsförderung“ für Deutschland veröffentlicht. Der folgende Beitrag stellt das assoziierte Forschungsprojekt kurz vor und fasst die Empfehlungen für ältere Erwachsene sowie für Erwachsene mit einer chronischen Erkrankung zusammen.
Methodisches Vorgehen Für die Empfehlungen für Bewegung wurden systematische Literaturrecherchen, kriteriengeleitete Qualitätsbewertungen sowie Inhaltsanalysen und -synthesen von international vorhandenen Bewegungsempfehlungen angewandt. Für die Empfehlungen für Bewegungsförderung wurden 3 systematische Literaturrecherchen zu den Themenfeldern Wirksamkeit, Kostenwirksamkeit und Qualitätssicherung von Intervention zur Bewegungsförderung durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Ältere Erwachsene und Erwachsene mit einer chronischen Erkrankung erzielen durch regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität bedeutsame Gesundheitswirkungen. Eine zentrale Bewegungsempfehlung für beide Zielgruppen ist es, möglichst 150 Minuten moderate oder 75 Minuten intensive Ausdaueraktivitäten, bzw. eine entsprechende Kombination, verteilt über die Woche zu erzielen. Weiterhin sollten muskelkräftigende Aktivitäten an mindestens 2 Tagen pro Woche durchgeführt werden. Bewegungsförderung gelingt für beide Zielgruppen dann, wenn sie in den Lebenswelten dieser Zielgruppen stattfindet und ihnen passgenaue Maßnahmen zur Bewegungsförderung anbietet. Dies können z. B. Bewegungsberatungen sein.
Schlussfolgerungen Mit der Entwicklung evidenzbasierter „Nationaler Empfehlungen für Bewegung und Bewegungsförderung“ liegt ein wichtiger Baustein für die Initiierung und Umsetzung von Maßnahmen der bewegungsbezogenen Gesundheitsförderung in Deutschland vor. Die spezielle Formulierung dieser Empfehlungen für die Zielgruppen älterer Erwachsener und Erwachsener mit einer chronischen Erkrankung ist international einmalig.
Moderne Behandlungsverfahren der Varikose der unteren Extremität
Authors: Bayer Andreas , Kahle Birgit , Horn Marco , Recke Anna , Keck Tobias , Kleemann Markus 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVaricosis of the lower limb is a common disease that can lead to edema, trophic disturbances and skin ulcerations. In addition to the classic surgical procedure of crossectomy with stripping of the saphenous vein, a growing number of minimally invasive endoluminal treatment methods has been established over the past 15 years, offering a colorful array of procedures to the modern phlebologist. It is important to choose the optimal treatment option for each individual patient.