bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Determination of the Main Effects in the Design of High-Flow Nasal Therapy Systems with Respect to Aerosol Performance
Authors: Bennett Gavin , Joyce Mary , Sweeney Louise , MacLoughlin Ronan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Introduction
The use of concurrent aerosol delivery during high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) may be exploited to facilitate the delivery of a variety of prescribed medications for inhalation. Until now, a systematic approach to determine the conditions required to yield an optimal emitted dose has not been reported. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of gas flow rate, input droplet size, and nebulizer position on the amount of aerosol exiting the nasal cannula during HFNT and thus becoming available for inhalation.

Methods
Testing was completed according to a factorial statistical design of experiments (DOE) approach. Emitted dose was characterized with a vibrating mesh nebulizer (Aerogen Solo, Aerogen Ltd) for an adult model of HFNT at three clinically relevant gas flow rates, using three nebulizers producing varying input droplet sizes and placed at two different nebulizer positions.

Results
Increasing the gas flow rate significantly lowered the emitted dose, with a dose of 7.10% obtained at 10 LPM, 2.67% at 25 LPM, and 1.30% at 40 LPM (p < 0.0001). There was a significant difference in emitted dose between nebulizers with different input droplet sizes, with increasing input droplet size associated with a reduced emitted dose (6.11% with an input droplet size of 3.22 µm, 2.76% with 4.05 µm, and 2.38% with 4.88 µm, p  = 0.0002, Pearson’s r = − 0.2871). In addition, the droplet size exiting the nasal cannula interface was lower than that produced by the aerosol generator for all devices under test. Positioning the nebulizer immediately after the humidification chamber yielded a marginally greater emitted dose (3.79%) than when the nebulizer was placed immediately upstream of the nasal cannula (3.39%). Flow rate, input droplet size, and nebulizer position were at the 0.10 level of significance, indicating that all three factors had significant effects on emitted dose. According to the DOE model, flow rate had the greatest influence on emitted dose, followed by input droplet size and then nebulizer position.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that in order to optimize the amount of aerosol exiting the nasal cannula interface during HFNT, it is necessary for gas flow rate to be low and the input droplet size to be small, while the nebulizer should be positioned immediately after the humidification chamber.

Funding
Aerogen Limited.
Queensland Teachers’ Relationship With the Sustainability Cross-Curriculum Priority
Authors: Nicholls Jennifer , Thorne Marcia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSustainability is a Cross-Curriculum Priority (SCCP) in the Australian Curriculum and is intended to be integrated into teaching and learning where deemed appropriate by teachers. This article explores teachers’ knowledge, understanding, and beliefs about curriculum priorities and the situational context of teaching and learning in Queensland schools. In this article we discuss the ways in which teachers describe their relationship with sustainability education and the SCCP. Data were collected from interviews with 26 Queensland teachers, teaching across all year levels from early childhood to Year 12, as part of two different PhD research projects. Queensland teachers participating in both studies indicated strong support for the inclusion of sustainability within formal curriculum; however, this strong support did not translate into practice in most cases. As a result of curriculum and policy pressures, teachers indicated that despite their belief that Education for Sustainability (EfS) is important, few believe they have the time or support for teaching EfS. The current educational context teachers have described offers limited opportunity for teachers to integrate sustainability in ways that are meaningful and relevant to their students. The SCCP did not influence planning or teaching decisions, and many teachers were unaware of its existence. Data from both studies question the adequacy of current educational policy and curriculum documents for supporting teachers to engage with sustainability education.
The Key Role of Banks in the Lifecycle of Bordeaux Wine Cooperatives
Authors: Cadot Julien , Ugaglia Adeline Alonso 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, we investigate a possible conflict between two core objectives of cooperatives, members’ income, and continuity, by examining the link between debt and the price paid to producers for Bordeaux wine cooperatives, according to their downstream strategies: (1) the traditional strategy, which is to sell wine in bulk to négociants; (2) joining a federation of cooperatives which blends and puts the wine in the retail market; and (3) vertical integration. We show that downstream strategies are related to different lending regimes, making the relationship between banks and cooperatives a key issue for the lifecycle of cooperatives. (JEL Classifications: D230, G320, Q130)
Application of multiblock modelling to identify key drivers for antimicrobial use in pig production in four European countries
Authors: Collineau L. , Bougeard S. , Backhans A. , Dewulf J. , Emanuelson U. , Grosse Beilage E. , Lehébel A. , Lösken S. , Postma M. , Sjölund M. , Stärk K. D. C. , Visschers V. H. M. , Belloc C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAntimicrobial use in pig farming is influenced by a range of risk factors, including herd characteristics, biosecurity level, farm performance, occurrence of clinical signs and vaccination scheme, as well as farmers’ attitudes and habits towards antimicrobial use. So far, the effect of these risk factors has been explored separately. Using an innovative method called multiblock partial least-squares regression, this study aimed to investigate, in a sample of 207 farrow-to-finish farms from Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden, the relative importance of the six above mentioned categories or ‘blocks’ of risk factors for antimicrobial use in pig production. Four country separate models were developed; they showed that all six blocks provided useful contribution to explaining antimicrobial use in at least one country. The occurrence of clinical signs, especially of respiratory and nervous diseases in fatteners, was one of the largest contributing blocks in all four countries, whereas the effect of the other blocks differed between countries. In terms of risk management, it suggests that a holistic and country-specific mitigation strategy is likely to be more effective. However, further research is needed to validate our findings in larger and more representative samples, as well as in other countries.
US Emergency Medical Services Fellows
Authors: Clemency Brian , Martin-Gill Christian , Rall Nicole , Patel Dipesh , Myers Jeffery 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe 2015-2016 academic year was the fourth year since the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME; Chicago, Illinois USA) accredited Emergency Medical Services (EMS) fellowships, and the first year an in-training examination was given. Soon, ACGME-accredited fellowship education will be the sole path to EMS board certification when the practice pathway closes after 2019. This project aimed to describe the current class of EMS fellows at ACGME-accredited programs and their current educational opportunities to better understand current and future needs in EMS fellowship education.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey of EMS fellows in ACGME-accredited programs in conjunction with the first EMS In-Training Examination (EMSITE) between April and June 2016. Fellows completed a 14-question survey composed of multiple-choice and free-response questions. Basic frequency statistics were performed on their responses.ResultsFifty fellows from 35 ACGME-accredited programs completed the survey. The response rate was 100%. Forty-eight (96%) fellows reported previous training in emergency medicine. Twenty (40%) were undergoing fellowship training at the same institution as their prior residency training. Twenty-five (50%) fellows performed direct patient care aboard a helicopter during their fellowship. Thirty-three (66%) fellows had a dedicated physician response vehicle for fellows. All fellows reported using the National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP; Overland Park, Kansas USA) textbooks as their primary reference. Fellows felt most prepared for the Clinical Aspects questions and least prepared for Quality Management and Research questions on the board exam.ConclusionThese data provide insight into the characteristics of EMS fellows in ACGME-accredited programs.ClemencyB, Martin-GillC, RallN, PatelD, MyersJ. US Emergency Medical Services fellows. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):339–341.
Effects of antibiotic resistance (AR) and microbiota shifts onCampylobacter jejuni-mediated diseases
Authors: Brooks Phillip T. , Mansfield Linda S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCampylobacter jejuniis an important zoonotic pathogen recently designated a serious antimicrobial resistant (AR) threat. While most patients withC. jejuniexperience hemorrhagic colitis, serious autoimmune conditions can follow including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the acute neuropathy Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS). This review examines inter-relationships among factors mediatingC. jejunidiarrheal versus autoimmune disease especially ARC. jejuniand microbiome shifts. Because both susceptible and ARC. jejuniare acquired from animals or their products, we consider their role in harboring strains. Inter-relationships among factors mediatingC. jejunicolonization, diarrheal and autoimmune disease includeC. jejunivirulence factors and AR, the enteric microbiome, and host responses. Because ARC. jejunihave been suggested to affect the severity of disease, length of infections and propensity to develop GBS, it is important to understand how these interactions occur when strains are under selection by antimicrobials. More work is needed to elucidate host–pathogen interactions of ARC. jejunicompared with susceptible strains and how ARC. jejuniare maintained and evolve in animal reservoirs and the extent of transmission to humans. These knowledge gaps impair the development of effective strategies to prevent the emergence of ARC. jejuniin reservoir species and human populations.
Multiphase Structural Evolution and Geodynamic Implications of Messinian Salt‐Related Structures, Levant Basin, Offshore Israel
Authors: Kartveit K. H. , Omosanya K. O. , Johansen S. E. , Eruteya O. E. , Reshef M. , Waldmann N. D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSpeculations surround salt deformation in the Mediterranean Basins, both related to the deformation history and the triggers for halokinesis since the onset of the Messinian Salinity Crisis. This work presents a detailed description of the mechanisms driving internal and external deformation of a salt giant from the Levant Basin, offshore Israel. The intrasalt siliciclastic layers generate good internal reflectivity within the Messinian evaporites, allowing a thorough elucidation of the complex evolution and nature of syn‐Messinian and post‐Messinian structures. We have identified three distinct phases of deformation in the deep basin, based on the orientation, timing, and geometry of their related structures: The first phase is characterized by small‐scaled, gravity‐driven, contractional faults and folds oriented N‐S that have been overprinted by a second syn‐Messinian, NW‐SE trending, deformation phase affecting the clastic bundles. This latter deformation phase is the cause of truncation of the intrasalt stringers on the intra‐Messinian truncation surface. The third deformation phase occurred in the Pleistocene and affected all strata from the Messinian salt to the seabed. This deformational phase produced thrust, strike‐slip, and normal faults, but the dominant orientation of the thrust faults and folds is NNW‐SSE. Our study demonstrates that the first deformation phase was caused by regional uplift along the Levant margin during the Messinian, the second is a response to basin subsidence toward the Cyprus Arc, also syn‐Messinian, and the third phase is likely related to the reorganization of the African‐Eurasian plate boundary and activity along the Dead Sea Transform after the Messinian Salinity Crisis.
Common Reflection Surface Stack Imaging of the Proterozoic Chambal Valley Vindhyan Basin and Its Boundary Fault in the Northwest India: Constraints on Crustal Evolution and Basin Formation
Authors: Mandal Biswajit , Vaidya Vijaya Rao , Sen Mrinal K. , Periyasamy Karuppannan , Sarkar Dipankar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Vindhyan basin of northwestern and central India is one of the largest undeformed Meso‐Neoproterozoic basins in the world with likely potential of hydrocarbons. Crustal seismic reflection data along a 165‐km long Chandli‐Bundi‐Kota‐Kunjer profile of the Chambal Valley Vindhyan basin processed using common reflection surface stack method brought out new crustal features, which were missing in earlier images. A gently dipping structure of the basin is imaged with a maximum of 7.5‐km thick Proterozoic sediments, 1.5‐km thick volcanic sequence, and the granitic basement at 9.0‐km depth. The Great Boundary Thrust, a NW dipping crustal‐scale regional tectonic feature outcropping at Bundi, and a new NW dipping reflection band from 9‐ to 30‐km depth, named here as the Chambal thrust, are imaged beneath Bundi‐Kota segment. Subduction and collision are responsible for evolution of these thrusts implying horizontal crustal growth. Seismic images of compression on one side and extension on another side along with differences in the Moho characteristics and other constraints from geophysical data around Kota indicate the presence of a new tectonic boundary with a strong lateral discontinuity and strike‐slip features. The Moho topography is delineated for the first time revealing a crustal thickness ranging from 40 to 44 km. A 9‐ to 12‐km thick mafic underplating at the lower crust suggests an important postcollisional process indicating vertical crustal growth. Based on the images from the present reflection study, a geodynamic model of the region is suggested in a plate tectonic framework, which may apply to similar Paleoproterozoic collisional areas and associated basin formation.
Bifunctional gap-plasmon metasurfaces for visible light: polarization-controlled unidirectional surface plasmon excitation and beam steering at normal incidence
Authors: Ding Fei , Deshpande Rucha , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntegration of multiple diversified functionalities into a single, planar and ultra-compact device has become an emerging research area with fascinating possibilities for realization of very dense integration and miniaturization in photonics that requires addressing formidable challenges, particularly for operation in the visible range. Here we design, fabricate and experimentally demonstrate bifunctional gap-plasmon metasurfaces for visible light, allowing for simultaneous polarization-controlled unidirectional surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excitation and beam steering at normal incidence. The designed bifunctional metasurfaces, consisting of anisotropic gap-plasmon resonator arrays, produce two different linear phase gradients along the same direction for respective linear polarizations of incident light, resulting in distinctly different functionalities realized by the same metasurface. The proof-of-concept fabricated metasurfaces exhibit efficient (>25% on average) unidirectional (extinction ratio >20 dB) SPP excitation within the wavelength range of 600–650 nm when illuminated with normally incident light polarized in the direction of the phase gradient. At the same time, broadband (580–700 nm) beam steering (30.6°–37.9°) is realized when normally incident light is polarized perpendicularly to the phase gradient direction. The bifunctional metasurfaces developed in this study can enable advanced research and applications related to other distinct functionalities for photonics integration.
APR-246 reactivates mutant p53 by targeting cysteines 124 and 277
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Bykov Vladimir J. N. , Wiman Klas G. , Zawacka-Pankau Joanna 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe TP53 tumor suppressor gene is frequently inactivated in human tumors by missense mutations in the DNA binding domain. TP53 mutations lead to protein unfolding, decreased thermostability and loss of DNA binding and transcription factor function. Pharmacological targeting of mutant p53 to restore its tumor suppressor function is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. The mutant p53 reactivating compound APR-246 (PRIMA-1Met) has been successfully tested in a phase I/IIa clinical trial. APR-246 is converted to the reactive electrophile methylene quinuclidinone (MQ), which binds covalently to p53 core domain. We identified cysteine 277 as a prime binding target for MQ in p53. Cys277 is also essential for MQ-mediated thermostabilization of wild-type, R175H and R273H mutant p53, while both Cys124 and Cys277 are required for APR-246-mediated functional restoration of R175H mutant p53 in living tumor cells. These findings may open opportunities for rational design of novel mutant p53-targeting compounds.
Upregulation of neuronal astrocyte elevated gene-1 protects nigral dopaminergic neurons in vivo
Authors: Leem Eunju , Kim Hyung-Jun , Choi Minji , Kim Sehwan , Oh Yong-Seok , Lee Kea Joo , Choe Young-Shik , Um Jae-Young , Shin Won-Ho , Jeong Jae Yeong , Jin Byung Kwan , Kim Dong Woon , McLean Catriona , Fisher Paul B. , Kholodilov Nikolai , Ahn Kwang Seok , Lee Jae Man , Jung Un Ju , Lee Seok-Geun , Kim Sang Ryong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe role of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in nigral dopaminergic (DA) neurons has not been studied. Here we report that the expression of AEG-1 was significantly lower in DA neurons in the postmortem substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) compared to age-matched controls. Similarly, decreased AEG-1 levels were found in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mouse model of PD. An adeno-associated virus-induced increase in the expression of AEG-1 attenuated the 6-OHDA-triggered apoptotic death of nigral DA neurons. Moreover, the neuroprotection conferred by the AEG-1 upregulation significantly intensified the neurorestorative effects of the constitutively active ras homolog enriched in the brain [Rheb(S16H)]. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the sustained level of AEG-1 as an important anti-apoptotic factor in nigral DA neurons might potentiate the therapeutic effects of treatments, such as Rheb(S16H) administration, on the degeneration of the DA pathway that characterizes PD.
Preliminary molecular evidence associating a novel BRCA1 synonymous variant with hereditary ovarian cancer syndrome
Authors: Minucci Angelo , Concolino Paola , De Bonis Maria , Costella Alessandra , Paris Ida , Scambia Giovanni , Capoluongo Ettore 
Published: April 2018

AbstractExtensive molecular screening of the BRCA1/2 (BRCA) genes by massively parallel sequencing (MPS) identified variants of uncertain (or unknown) significance (VUS) and novel variants. We performed a molecular characterization of a novel BRCA1 synonymous variant discovered in a family with hereditary ovarian cancer (HOC) syndrome. We showed that the BRCA1 c.5073 A > T variant might play a pathogenic role in HOC syndrome in this family.
Analysis of predicted loss-of-function variants in UK Biobank identifies variants protective for disease
Authors: Emdin Connor A. , Khera Amit V. , Chaffin Mark , Klarin Derek , Natarajan Pradeep , Aragam Krishna , Haas Mary , Bick Alexander , Zekavat Seyedeh M. , Nomura Akihiro , Ardissino Diego , Wilson James G. , Schunkert Heribert , McPherson Ruth , Watkins Hugh , Elosua Roberto , Bown Matthew J. , Samani Nilesh J. , Baber Usman , Erdmann Jeanette , Gupta Namrata , Danesh John , Chasman Daniel , Ridker Paul , Denny Joshua , Bastarache Lisa , Lichtman Judith H. , D’Onofrio Gail , Mattera Jennifer , Spertus John A. , Sheu Wayne H.-H. , Taylor Kent D. , Psaty Bruce M. , Rich Stephen S. , Post Wendy , Rotter Jerome I. , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Krumholz Harlan , Saleheen Danish , Gabriel Stacey , Kathiresan Sekar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLess than 3% of protein-coding genetic variants are predicted to result in loss of protein function through the introduction of a stop codon, frameshift, or the disruption of an essential splice site; however, such predicted loss-of-function (pLOF) variants provide insight into effector transcript and direction of biological effect. In >400,000 UK Biobank participants, we conduct association analyses of 3759 pLOF variants with six metabolic traits, six cardiometabolic diseases, and twelve additional diseases. We identified 18 new low-frequency or rare (allele frequency < 5%) pLOF variant-phenotype associations. pLOF variants in the gene GPR151 protect against obesity and type 2 diabetes, in the gene IL33 against asthma and allergic disease, and in the gene IFIH1 against hypothyroidism. In the gene PDE3B, pLOF variants associate with elevated height, improved body fat distribution and protection from coronary artery disease. Our findings prioritize genes for which pharmacologic mimics of pLOF variants may lower risk for disease.
Mineral dissolution and reprecipitation mediated by an amorphous phase
Authors: Konrad-Schmolke Matthias , Halama Ralf , Wirth Richard , Thomen Aurélien , Klitscher Nico , Morales Luiz , Schreiber Anja , Wilke Franziska D. H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFluid-mediated mineral dissolution and reprecipitation processes are the most common mineral reaction mechanism in the solid Earth and are fundamental for the Earth’s internal dynamics. Element exchange during such mineral reactions is commonly thought to occur via aqueous solutions with the mineral solubility in the coexisting fluid being a rate limiting factor. Here we show in high-pressure/low temperature rocks that element transfer during mineral dissolution and reprecipitation can occur in an alkali-Al–Si-rich amorphous material that forms directly by depolymerization of the crystal lattice and is thermodynamically decoupled from aqueous solutions. Depolymerization starts along grain boundaries and crystal lattice defects that serve as element exchange pathways and are sites of porosity formation. The resulting amorphous material occupies large volumes in an interconnected porosity network. Precipitation of product minerals occurs directly by repolymerization of the amorphous material at the product surface. This mechanism allows for significantly higher element transport and mineral reaction rates than aqueous solutions with major implications for the role of mineral reactions in the dynamic Earth.
Motor imagery involves predicting the sensory consequences of the imagined movement
Authors: Kilteni Konstantina , Andersson Benjamin Jan , Houborg Christian , Ehrsson H. Henrik 
Published: April 2018

AbstractResearch on motor imagery has identified many similarities between imagined and executed actions at the behavioral, physiological and neural levels, thus supporting their “functional equivalence”. In contrast, little is known about their possible “computational equivalence”—specifically, whether the brain’s internal forward models predict the sensory consequences of imagined movements as they do for overt movements. Here, we address this question by assessing whether imagined self-generated touch produces an attenuation of real tactile sensations. Previous studies have shown that self-touch feels less intense compared with touch of external origin because the forward models predict the tactile feedback based on a copy of the motor command. Our results demonstrate that imagined self-touch is attenuated just as real self-touch is and that the imagery-induced attenuation follows the same spatiotemporal principles as does the attenuation elicited by overt movements. We conclude that motor imagery recruits the forward models to predict the sensory consequences of imagined movements.