bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENATALAKSANAAN ULKUS KAKI DIABETES SECARA TERPADU
Authors: Langi Yuanita A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: A diabetic foot ulcer is a common and fearful chronic complication of diabetes mellitus often resulting in amputation, and even death. A diabetic foot ulcer can be prevented by early screening and education in high risk individuals, and the management of underlying conditions such as neuropathy, peripheral arterial disease, and deformity. The prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer patients is 4-10% of the general population, with a higher prevalence in elderly people. Around 14-24 % of diabetic foot ulcer patients need amputations with a recurrence rate of 50% after three years. The main pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcer is neuropathy and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD contributes to diabetic foot ulcers in 50% of cases; however, it rarely stands alone. Other factors such as smoking, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia may contribute, too. In addition, PAD reduces the access of oxygen and antibiotics to the ulcers. Management of diabetic foot ulcers includes treatment of ischemia by promoting tissue perfusion, debridement for removing necrotic tissues, wound treatment for creating moist wound healing, off-loading the affected foot, surgery intervention, management of the co-morbidities and infections, and prevention of wound recurrences. Other adjuvant modalities include hyperbaric oxygen treatment, GCSF, growth factors, and bioengineered tissues. Key words: diabetic ulcer, debridement, off loading. Abstrak: Ulkus kaki diabetes (UKD) merupakan salah satu komplikasi kronik diabetes melitus yang sering dijumpai dan ditakuti oleh karena pengelolaannya sering mengecewakan dan berakhir dengan amputasi, bahkan kematian. UKD dapat dicegah dengan melakukan skrining dini serta edukasi pada kelompok berisiko tinggi, dan penanganan penyebab dasar seperti neuropati, penyakit artei perifer dan deformitas. Prevalensi pasien UKD berkisar 4-10% dari populasi umumnya, dengan prevalensi yang lebih tinggi pada manula. Sekitar 14-24% pasien UKD memerlukan amputasi dengan rekurensi 50 % setelah tiga tahun. Patogenesis utama UKD yaitu neuropati dan penyakit arteri perifer (PAP). PAP berkontribusi 50% pada pasien UKD, tetapi hal ini jarang dijumpai tunggal. Terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang turut berperan seperti merokok, hipertensi dan hiperlipidemia. Selain itu PAP menurunkan akses oksigen dan antibiotik ke dalam ulkus. Penatalaksanaan UKD meliputi penanganan iskemia dengan meningkatkan perfusi jaringan, debridemen untuk mengeluarkan jaringan nekrotik, perawatan luka untuk menghasilkan moist wound healing, off-loading kaki yang terkena, intervensi bedah, pananganan komorbiditas dan infeksi, serta pencegahan rekurensi luka. Terapi ajuvan meliputi terapi oksigen hiperbarik, pemberian granulocyte colony stimulating factors (GCSF), growth factors dan bioengineerd tissues. Kata kunci: ulkus diabetes, debridemen, off loading.
MARINE RELATED IMPACTS ON PREGNANCIES
Authors: Wantania John 
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Aktivitas manusia yang kompleks dan berkaitan dengan kelautan sering berdampak yang tidak menyenangkan, terlebih bagi wanita hamil. Indonesia sebagai negara maritim dengan beribu-ribu pulau menyebabkan sejumlah perjalanan harus dilakukan lewat laut dengan segala konsekuensi dan permasalahannya. Laut yang kaya akan sumber alam juga menjadi salah satu sumber makanan terbesar, termasuk untuk wanita hamil. Kedokteran wisata juga tidak terlepas dari kedokteran kelautan dimana masalah imunisasi yang harus dipertimbangkan ketika berkunjung ke suatu daerah yang memiliki kondisi alam bahari dan pola penyakit tertentu. Kata Kunci: Kesehatan Kelautan, laut, kehamilan. Abstract: Today’s complex of marine activities often leads to inconvenient related effects, especially for pregnant women. Indonesia is maritime country with thousands of islands, requiring a number of trips made by sea with all their consequences and problems. Moreover, the sea that is rich in natural resources is also one of the biggest food sources for pregnant women. Travel medicine cannot be separated from marine health and immunization which should be considered when visiting a maritime area and its inherent diseases. Keyword: marine health, sea, pregnancy.
KOLESTASIS EKTRAHEPATIK ET CAUSA ATRESIA BILIER PADA SEORANG BAYI
Authors: Mawardi Merry , Warouw Sarah M. , Salendu Praevilia M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Cholestasis in babies is an obstruction of the flow of bile and other materials excreted by liver, resulting in an increase of direct bilirubin and an accumulation of bile salts. This condition is found in 1:25,000 of live births. One of the causes of cholestasis is biliar atresia that can occur in every part of the extrahepatic bile ducts. In this condition, an inflammatory necrosis destroys the extrahepatic bile duct and ends with an obliteration of the duct. The main causes reported were an immunological process, viral infections (mostly retrovirus type 3), toxic bile acids, and genetic disorders. Biliar atresia is found in 1:15,000 births. Diagnosis of biliar atresia is based on abdominal ultrasonography (USG) to eliminate a choledochus cyst as the cause of obstruction. A liver biopsy has to be carried out to find out the possibility of intrahepatic cholestasis. If the diagnosis of biliar atresia is still difficult to be confirmed, a cholangiography has to be performed. Management of extrahepatic biliar atresia is a surgical intervention of the extrahepatic bile duct (Kasai portoenterostomy technique) and/or a liver transplant. Key words: cholestasis, biliar atresia, complications, management. Abstrak: Kolestasis pada bayi adalah hambatan aliran empedu dan bahan-bahan yang harus diekskresikan oleh hati, yang menghasilkan terjadinya peningkatan bilirubin direk dan penumpukan garam empedu. Kolestatis pada bayi terjadi pada 1:25.000 kelahiran hidup. Atresia bilier dapat terjadi pada semua bagian saluran empedu ekstrahepatik dan merupakan kelainan nekrosis inflamatorik yang menyebabkan kerusakan dan akhirnya obliterasi saluran empedu ekstrahepatik. Penyebab utama yang pernah dilaporkan adalah proses imunologis, infeksi virus terutama , Reo virus tipe 3, asam empedu yang toksik, kelainan genetik. Atresia bilier ditemukan pada 1 dari 15.000 kelahiran. Diagnosis dari atresia bilier ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi (USG) abdomen untuk menyingkirkan adanya kista koledokus sebagai penyebab obstruksi. Biopsi hati merupakan pemeriksaan yang penting dilakukan untuk membedakan dengan intrahepatik kolestasis. Jika diagnosis dari atresia bilier tidak bisa ditegakkan dengan pemeriksaan biopsi hati maka pemeriksaan cholangiography sebaiknya dilakukan. Penanggulangan atresia bilier ekstrahepatik terutama dengan pembedahan saluran empedu ekstrahepatik yaitu portoenterostomi teknik Kasai, dan transplantasi hati. Kata Kunci: kolestasis, atresia bilier, komplikasi, penanganan.
THE MANAGEMENT OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLIC DISORDERS
Authors: Purwanto Diana S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstrak: Tromboemboli vena (VTE) mengacu pada semua bentuk trombosis patologis yang terjadi di sirkulasi vena, yang paling umum adalah trombosis vena dalam (DVT) pada ekstremitas bawah, namun manifestasi VTE yang paling mengancam nyawa adalah embolisasi trombi vena dalam ke sirkulasi paru, yang disebut emboli paru (PE). Banyak faktor baik yang diturunkan atau didapat, bisa menyebabkan VTE karena faktor-faktor tersebut mempengaruhi stasis vena, kerusakan pembuluh dan hiperkoagulabilitas, sebagai pemicu peristiwa trombotik. Sebuah kombinasi dari tes D-dimer dan probabilitas klinis diperkenalkan oleh Wells sebagai langkah pertama dalam diagnosis. Agen antikoagulan biasanya UFH atau LMWH, harus diberikan untuk menghindari pembentukan bekuan lebih lanjut ketika gangguan VTE dikonfirmasi. Pada saat efek antitrombotik yang memadai dicapai dengan heparin, antikoagulan oral seperti warfarin digunakan untuk mengurangi kemungkinan VTE berulang. Kata kunci: Tromboemboli vena, DVT, PE, D-dimer, antikoagulan. Abstract: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to all forms of pathologic thrombosis occurring on the venous side of the circulation, the most common of which is deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities. The most life-threatening manifestation of VTE is embolization of venous thrombi to the pulmonary circulation, called pulmonary embolism (PE). Many factors, either inherited or acquired, can cause VTE, since these factors influence the venous stasis, vessel damage and hypercoagulability, as the trigger of thrombotic event. A combination of a D-dimer assay and clinical probability as a first step in diagnostic work-up was introduced by Wells et al. An initial management of anticoagulant agents usually UFH or LMWH, should be administered to avoid further clot formation when VTE disorder is confirmed. At some point an adequate antithrombotic effect is achieved with heparin, oral anticoagulant such as warfarin is started to reduce the probability of recurrent VTE. Keywords: Venous thromboembolism, DVT, PE, D-dimer, anticoagulant.
PERAN SEL GASTRIN (SEL G) DALAM SALURAN PENCERNAAN
Authors: Permatasari Lia , Wangko Sunny 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Gastrin cell is one of the enteroendocrine cells in piloric antrum that secretes gastrin. Gastrin is secreted when there are stimuli of food (protein, caffeine, red chili, and alcohol) and vagal nerve. Gastrin is released by exocytosis into the blood and transported to parietal cells. Moreover, this gastrin interacts with CCK2 receptors in enterochromaffin-like cells, and releases histamin that interacts with parietal cells to induce hydrochloric acid production. Besides that, gastrin stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, liver bile flow, and resting tonus of lower esophagal sphincter, but inhibit gastric emptying. Lack of gastrin can cause hypochlorhydria. Gasrin over production can occur in inflammatory states such as gastritis and peptic ulcer, and pancreatic tumor (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). Key words: gasrin, gastrin cell, hydrochloric acid, parietal cell. Abstrak: Sel gastrin merupakan salah satu sel enteroendokrin yang terletak dalam antrum pilorus dan berfungsi menyekresi hormon gastrin. Gastrin disekresi saat terjadi rangsangan seperti makanan (protein, kafein, cabe merah dan alkohol) serta rangsangan vagus. Gastrin dilepaskan secara eksositosis ke dalam darah dan diangkut ke sel parietal. Gastrin berinteraksi dengan reseptor CCK2 (CCK2R) pada sel enterochromaffin-like (ECL), dan membebaskan histamin yang kemudian berinteraksi dengan sel parietal untuk menginduksi sekresi asam lambung. Selain itu gastrin merangsang sekresi enzim pankreas, aliran empedu hati, tonus istirahat sfingter esofagus bagian bawah, tetapi menghambat pengosongan lambung. Kekurangan gastrin dapat menyebabkan terjadinya hipoklorhidria. Kelebihan gastrin dapat terjadi beberapa keadaan inflamasi lambung seperti gastritis dan ulkus peptikum serta adanya tumor pankreas gastrinoma (sindrom Zollinger-Ellison). Kata kunci: gastrin, sel gastrin, asam lambung, sel parietal.
ADIPONECTIN AND TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA LEVELS, AND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN CENTRAL OBESITY
Authors: Wantania Frans , Lefrandt Reginald L. , Pandelaki Karel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Background: In obesity, macrophages that infiltrate into adipose tissues create an inflammatory condition. Besides that, adipose tissues release proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha. These cytokines promote LDL oxydation by ROS, and accelerate NO degradation resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Adiponectin which could prevent endothelial dysfunction is decreased secondarily to TNF alpha’s action. Objectives: To determine the serum levels of TNF alpha and adiponectin, and their correlations with the endothelial dysfunction. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, and analytic study with cross sectional. Samples were students of senior high schools in Manado. Sampling method was carried out consecutively until the required number was enough. Data consisted of age, blood pressure, waist circumference, body weight, lipid profile, creatinin, TNF alpha, adiponectin, and albumin creatinine ratio. We used the Spearman Correlation to analyze the data. Result: Over a 4-month period, there were 35 obese male subjects with ages of 16-18 years old. The average of body weights was 83.23 kg, and of waist circumferences was 103.94 cm. Endothelial dysfunction was found in 5.72% of samples, high levels of TNF alpha in 68.57% of samples, and low levels of adiponectin in 62.8% of samples. We found a significant positive correlation between TNF alpha and endothelial dysfunction (r=0.554, p<0.000), and an inverse correlation between adiponectin level and endothelial dysfunction (r = -0.349, p=0.020). Conclusion: There were high levels of TNF alpha in 68.57% of samples and low levels of adiponectin in 62.86% of samples. There was a significant correlation between TNF alpha level and endothelial dysfunction. There was an inverse correlation between adiponectin level and endothelial dysfunction. Key words: obesity, adiponectin TNF alpha, endothelial dysfunction.
PENATALAKSANAAN IMPAKSI GIGI MOLAR TIGA BAWAH (WISDOM TEETH) DENGAN KOMPLIKASINYA PADA PASIEN DEWASA MUDA
Authors: Siagian Krista Veronica 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: In daily practice, we often found the third mandibular impacted teeth that popular called the wisdom teeth, with the complication, such as dentoalveolar abses, sub cutans abses n caries at distal second mandibular teeth . The frequencies is about 88,8% and mostly found in the young adult ages between 18 to 30 years old. A general dentist is needed to know about the symptom and management of the simple third mandibular impacted teeth that found in the young adult ages. This paper reported a case in the young women with ages 24 years old with the third mandibular impacted teeth with abses dentoalveolar and caries at distal second mandibular teeth. Keywords: Wisdom teeth, impacted. Abstrak: Dalam praktek dokter gigi sehari-hari, sering kali ditemukan pasien dewasa muda yang memiliki gigi molar tiga bawah yang impaksi ataupun malposisi, yang sering disebut `Wisdom Teeth`. Frekuensi terjadinya gigi gigi molar tiga bawah yang impaksi ataupun malposisi yaitu 88.8 %, dan paling banyak ditemukan pada umur dewasa muda, 18-30 tahun. Seorang dokter gigi harus memiliki pengetahuan mengenai gejala dan penatalaksanaan pengambilan bedah sederhana dari gigi molar tiga bawah yang impaksi ataupun malposisi . Tulisan ini dilaporkan seorang wanita dewasa muda berumur 24 tahun dengan kasus gigi molar tiga bawah kanan yang impaksi dengan komplikasinya, abses dentoalveolar dan karies di bagian distal gigi molar dua mandibula. Kata kunci: wisdom teeth, impaksi.
PENATALAKSANAAN CAIRAN PERIOPERATIF PADA KASUS TRAUMA
Authors: Posangi Iddo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Trauma can be defined as a physical harm or damage to the structure or function of the body, caused by an acute exchange of mechanical, chemical, thermal, radioactive, or biological energy that exceeds the body’s tolerance. The commonly used resuscitation fluids are Ringer’s Lactate solution, normal saline, colloids, hypertonic saline, and blood products (packed red blood cells, fresh frozen plasma, or platelets). Fluid resuscitation strategy consists of early resuscitation and late resuscitation. The management of perioperative fluid therapy in traumatized cases requires a comprehensive understanding regarding the pathophysiology of shock, the consequences of fluid therapy in ongoing bleeding, and the ability to apply the evidence-based studies on each individual with different clinical status. Key words: trauma, fluid resuscitation, shock Abstrak: Trauma dapat didefinisikansebagai cedera atau kerusakan fisik dari struktur atau fungsi tubuh yang disebabkan oleh perubahan energi akut(mekanis, kimiawi, radioaktif, biologik) yang melampaui toleransi tubuh. Cairan resusitasi yang umunya digunakan pada kasus trauma ialah larutan Ringer laktat, NaCl fisiologis, koloid, NaCl hipertonik dan produk darah (packed red blood cells, plasma beku atau trombosit). Strategi resusitasi cairan terdiri dari resusitasi fase awal dan fase akhir. Penatalaksanaan terapi cairan perioperatif pada kasus trauma memerlukam pemahaman yang menyeluruh mengenai patofisiologi syok, efek terapi cairan pada saat perdarahan aktif, dan kemampuan untuk menerapkan bukti ilmiah pada masing-masing individu dengan keadaan klinis yang berbeda.Kata kunci: trauma, resusitasi cairan, syok
PREVALENSI DAN PENGALAMAN KARIES GIGI PADA SUKU PAPUA PENGUNYAH PINANG DI MANADO
Authors: Siagian Krista V 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: This study was carried out to show a description of the caries prevalence and the DMF-T index in a Papua „ethnic‟ group living in Manado who have the areca nut chewing habit. A total of thirty respondents (males and females) aged between 18 to 50 years old were enrolled for the purpose of this sampling. The clinical data about decays, missing teeth, and fillings were assesed by the DMF-T WHO index. This study viewed that 60% of respondents were males, aged from 21 to 25 years old representing the highest age profile, most respondents were college and university students. About 63.33% of all respondents had this areca nut chewing habit for more than five years. In addition, the daily intake of areca nut varied from 1-2 times, 3-5 times, and more than five times per day i.e. 3.33%, 46.67%, and 50% respectively. The study described that 70% of the caries was prevalent in the total population, with a DMF-T index of 2.43. Conclusion: Papua „ethnic‟ group living in Manado who had the areca nut chewing habit showed a low prevalence of caries as was the DMF-T index. Keywords: caries prevalence, caries experience, DMF-T index, areca nut chewing habit, Papua „ethnic‟ group Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menggambarkan prevalensi dan pengalaman karies (DMF-T) pada suku Papua di Manado yang memiliki kebiasaan mengunyah pinang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 30 responden, laki-laki dan perempuan yang berusia 18-50 tahun dengan teknik pengambilan sampel bertujuan (purposive sampling). Data klinis tentang decay, missing teeth, dan filling diukur menggunakan indeks DMF-T WHO. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terlihat responden laki-laki sebesar 60%, kelompok usia 21- 25 tahun merupakan persentase tertinggi dari karakteristik profil usia responden, dan sebagian besar responden mahasiswa perguruan tinggi. Responden yang telah memiliki kebiasaan ini selama lebih dari 5 tahun sebesar 63,33%. Selain itu, responden yang mengunyah pinang bervariasi dari 1-2 kali, 3-5 kali, dan lebih dari lima kali per hari (3,33%, 46,67%, dan 50%) Prevalensi karies pada penelitian ini sebesar 70% dan pengalaman kariesnya (Indeks DMF-T) 2,43. Simpulan: suku Papua di Manado yang memiliki kebiasaan mengunyah pinang memperlihatkan prevalensi karies dan indeks pengalaman karies (DMF-T indeks) kategori rendah. Kata kunci: prevalensi karies, pengalaman karies, indeks DMF-T, mengunyah pinang, suku Papua
PROFIL LANJUT USIA DENGAN DEPRESI YANG TINGGAL DI BALAI PENYANTUNAN LANJUT USIA SENJA CERAH MANADO
Authors: Ballo Ivone R , Kaunang Theresia M D , Munayang Herdy , Elim Christoffel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract: According to the World Health Organisation, depression is still a serious public health problem. Depression is a mood disorder due to a disturbance in human functions related to sad feelings that can occur in every individual, including the elderly. The purpose of this study was to find out the profile of the elderly living in BPLU Senja Cerah (Senior Citizens Home) Manado who suffered from depression. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were all elderly, living in the BPLU Senja Cerah that were willing and able to become respondents, and fulfiled the inclusive and exclusive criteria, including signing informed consents and not suffering from any chronic diseases, such as strokes or cardiac diseases. The study showed that depression was mostly found at the ages of 61-74 years (25%) and after 1-6 months of staying in BPLU Senja Cerah (21.3%); the occurence of depression was higher in females (29.8% of total respondents); and the most frequent type was mild depression (30.4%). Conclusion: in BPLU Senja Cerah Manado, the respondents who most suffered from depression were in the following categories: the ages of 61-74 years, females, mild types of depression, and having stayed 1-6 months at the center. Keywords: depression, elderly, prevalence of depression Abstrak: World Health Organization (WHO) mengemukakan bahwa depresi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius. Depresi adalah gangguan mood dimana terganggunya fungsi manusia berkaitan dengan alam dan perasaan yang sedih. Gangguan depresi dapat terjadi pada semua individu, termasuk lanjut usia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan depresi pada lanjut usia yang tinggal di Balai Penyatunan Lanjut Usia (BPLU) Senja Cerah Manado. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian observasi dengan deain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah semua lanjut usia yang tinggal di BPLU Senja Cerah Manado yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, antara lain bersedia dan bisa menjadi responden serta menandatangani informed consent, dan tidak menderita penyakit kronik seperti stroke atau gangguan jantung. Depresi paling banyak dialami pada kelompok umur 61-74 tahun (25,5%), telah berdiam di BPLU Senja Cerah selama 1-6 bulan (21,3%), berjenis kelamin perempuan (29,8%), dengan tingkat depresi ringan yang terbanyak (30,4%). Simpulan: pada lanjut usia yang tinggal di Balai Penyatunan Lanjut Usia (BPLU) Senja Cerah Manado depresi ditemukan terbanyak pada usia 61-74 tahun, jenis kelamin perempuan, jenis depresi ringan, dengan masa tinggal 1-6 bulan. Kata kunci : Depresi, lanjut usia, prevalensi depresi