bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When meditators avoid counting during time production things get interesting
Authors: Glicksohn Joseph , Berkovich‐Ohana Aviva 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTime production (TP) with or without chronometric counting both instantiates and reflects the working of an internal clock, as originally posited by Treisman. We exploit the fact that a number of experienced meditators, who had previously participated in a study wherein TP was assessed, and who had employed chronometric counting then, would be coming back to the lab to participate in a second study. We specifically requested that they should not employ chronometric counting this time, thus allowing us to contrast TP with and without counting. We report a qualitative difference between TP implemented by counting and TP without counting: The first is a linear function of target duration (T), while the second is not, and entails a discontinuity in the function. Requesting meditators not to engage in chronometric counting, and thereby forcing them to rely instead on other cues (sensory, bodily, etc.), might well be an appropriate context in which to observe such a discontinuity in TP.
Consequences of the loss of catalytic triads in chloroplast CLPPR protease core complexes in vivo
Authors: Liao Jui‐Yun Rei , Friso Giulia , Kim Jitae , van Wijk Klaas J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe essential chloroplast CLP protease system consists of a tetradecameric proteolytic core with catalytic P (P1, 3–6) and non‐catalytic R (R1–4) subunits, CLP chaperones and adaptors. The chloroplast CLP complex has a total of ten catalytic sites,but it is not known how many of these catalytic sites can be inactivated before plants lose viability. Here we show that CLPP3 and the catalytically inactive variant CLPP3S164A fully complement the developmental arrest of the clpp3‐1 null mutant, even under environmental stress. In contrast, whereas the inactive variant CLPP5S193A assembled into the CLP core, it cannot rescue the embryo lethal phenotype of the clpp5‐1 null mutant. This shows that CLPP3 makes a unique structural contribution but its catalytic site is dispensable, whereas the catalytic activity of CLPP5 is essential. Mass spectrometry of affinity‐purified CLP cores of the complemented lines showed highly enriched CLP cores. Other chloroplast proteins were co‐purified with the CLP cores and are candidate substrates. A strong overlap of co‐purified proteins between the CLP core complexes with active and inactive subunits indicates that CLP cores with reduced number of catalytic sites do not over‐accumulate substrates, suggesting that the bottle‐neck for degradation is likely substrate recognition and unfolding by CLP adaptors and chaperones, upstream of the CLP core.
Understanding CeO2‐Based Nanostructures through Advanced Electron Microscopy in 2D and 3D
Authors: Zhang Yang , Bals Sara , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEngineering morphology and size of CeO2‐based nanostructures on a (sub)nanometer scale will greatly influence their performance; this is because of their high oxygen storage capacity and unique redox properties, which allow faster switching of the oxidation state between Ce4+ and Ce3+. Although tremendous research has been carried out on the shape‐controlled synthesis of CeO2, the characterization of these nanostructures at the atomic scale remains a major challenge and the origin of debate. The rapid developments of aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC‐TEM) have pushed the resolution below 1 Å, both in TEM and in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode. At present, not only morphology and structure, but also composition and electronic structure can be analyzed at an atomic scale, even in 3D. This review summarizes recent significant achievements using TEM/STEM and associated spectroscopic techniques to study CeO2‐based nanostructures and related catalytic phenomena. Recent results have shed light on the understanding of the different mechanisms. The potential and limitations, including future needs of various techniques, are discussed with recommendations to facilitate further developments of new and highly efficient CeO2‐based nanostructures.
Antibacterial effects of gold nanoparticles functionalized with the extracted peptide from Vespa orientalis wasp venom
Authors: Jalaei Jafar , Layeghi‐Ghalehsoukhteh Somayeh , Hosseini Arsalan , Fazeli Mehdi 
Published: October 2018

The development of novel antimicrobial strategies is necessary because of the escalation of multidrug‐resistant pathogens. Recently, antimicrobial peptides and their combination with nanoparticles were regarded as a promising tool to target drug‐resistant pathogens. Herein, we evaluated antimicrobial efficacy of a peptide extracted from Vespa orientalis wasp venom and also its conjugation with gold nanoparticles. Nanoparticle conjugation measurement was done by evaluating the absorbance changes of the surface plasmon resonance band of gold nanoparticles at 555 nm. A significant increase in the antibacterial activity against gram negative and positive bacteria was obtained when the extracted peptide conjugated with gold nanoparticles. Finally, the results show that this new peptide‐AuNps has the high practical potential for antibacterial activity and may provide an alternative therapy for bacterial infection.
Signals of diagnostic ions in the product ion spectra of [M − H]− ions of methoxylated flavonoids
Authors: Frański Rafał , Gierczyk Błażej , Kozik Tomasz , Popenda Łukasz , Beszterda Monika 
Published: October 2018

RationaleThe main feature of the fragmentation of [M − H]− ions of methoxylated flavonoids is the loss of methyl radical (formation of the [M − H − CH3]−• product ion). Subsequent decomposition of [M − H − CH3]−• product ions may be useful for identification of a given compound by HPLC/MS. This paper describes how the selected diagnostic fragment ions can be useful during HPLC/MS(−) analysis of methoxylated flavonoids.MethodsProduct ion spectra (ESI‐CID‐MS/MS spectra) of [M − H]− ions of 17 methoxylated flavonoids (flavones, isoflavones and flavonols) were obtained with a Q‐TOF mass spectrometer. Full scan mass spectra (ESI‐MS) were obtained with a single quadrupole type of instrument.ResultsA number of product ions were recognized as useful from the point of view of structural elucidation. In most cases they were diagnostic product ions, formed as a result of C ring breaking.ConclusionsThe most important conclusions drawn from this study are: the product ion at m/z 132 indicates that the analysed compound is an isoflavone; the product ion at m/z 117 indicates the presence of one hydroxy group at ring B or at the 3‐position; biochanin A and prunetin can be differentiated by their ‘in‐source’ fragmentation, by the relative abundances of product ions at m/z 195, 183 and 167; loss of mass 102 from the [M − H − CH3]−• ion indicates that ring B is not substituted and there is no hydroxy group at the 3‐position; and rhamnetin can be detected using three diagnostic product ions, namely at m/z 121, 165 and 193.
Multifunctional Heterostructures for Polysulfide Suppression in High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Cathode
Authors: Chen Manfang , Xu Wentao , Jamil Sidra , Jiang Shouxin , Huang Cheng , Wang Xianyou , Wang Ying , Shu Hongbo , Xiang Kaixiong , Zeng Peng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe commercialization of lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries is greatly hindered due to serious capacity fading caused by the polysulfide shuttling effect. Optimizing the structural configuration, enhancing reaction kinetics of the sulfur cathode, and increasing areal sulfur loading are of great significance for promoting the commercial applications of Li‐S batteries. Herein, the multifunctional polysulfide scavengers based on nitrogen, sulfur co‐doped carbon cloth (DCC), which is supported by flower‐like MoS2 (1T‐2H) decorated with BaMn0.9Mg0.1O3 perovskite particle (PrNP) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), namely, DCC@MoS2/PrNP/CNTs, are delicately designed and synthesized. The physical confinement, chemical coupling, and catalysis conversion for active sulfur are achieved simultaneously in this polysulfide motif. Due to these merits, the as‐fabricated self‐supported DCC@MoS2/PrNP/CNTs/S manifests an excellent reversible areal capacity of 4.75 mAh cm−2 with an ultrahigh sulfur loading of 5.2 mg cm−2 at the 50th cycle. The outstanding cycling stability is obtained upon 800 cycles with a large reversible capacity of 871 mAh g−1 and a negligible fading rate of 0.02% per cycle at a rate of 1.0 C, suggesting its promising prospects for the commercial success of high‐performance Li‐S batteries toward flexible electronic devices and energy storage equipment.
Mesoporous Reduced Graphene Oxide as a High Capacity Cathode for Aluminum Batteries
Authors: Smajic Jasmin , Alazmi Amira , Batra Nitinkumar , Palanisamy Tamilarasan , Anjum Dalaver H. , Costa Pedro M. F. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractResearch in the field of aluminum batteries has focused heavily on electrodes made of carbonaceous materials. Still, the capacities reported for these multivalent systems remain stubbornly low. It is believed that a high structural quality of graphitic carbons and/or specific surface areas of >1000 m2 g‐1 are key factors to obtain optimal performance and cycling stability. Here an aluminum chloride battery is presented in which reduced graphene oxide (RGO) powder, dried under supercritical conditions, is used as the active cathode material and niobium foil as the current collector. With a specific surface area of just 364 m2 g‐1, the RGO enables a gravimetric capacity of 171 mAh g‐1 at 100 mA g‐1 and remarkable stability over a wide range of current densities (<15% decrease over 100 cycles in the interval 100–20000 mA g‐1). These properties, up to now achieved only with much larger surface area materials, result from the cathode's tailored mesoporosity. The 20 nm wide mesopores facilitate the movement of the chloroaluminate ions through the RGO, effectively minimizing the inactive mass content of the electrode. This more than compensates for the ordinary micropore volume of the graphene powder.
Higher derivative three-form gauge theories and their supersymmetric extension
Authors: Nitta Muneto , Yokokura Ryo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe investigate three-form gauge theories with higher derivative interactions and their supersymmetric extensions in four space-time dimensions. For the bosonic three-form gauge theories, we show that derivatives on the field strength of the 3-form gauge field yield a tachyon as far as the Lagrangian contains a quadratic kinetic term, while such the term with opposite sign gives rise to a ghost. We confirm that there is neither a tachyon nor a ghost when all higher derivative terms are given by functions of the field strength. For this ghost/tachyon-free Lagrangian, we determine the boundary term necessary for the consistency between the equation of motion and energy-momentum tensor. For supersymmetric extensions, we present ghost/tachyon-free higher derivative interactions of arbitrary order of the field strength and corresponding boundary terms as well.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: A New Strategy for Loco‐Regional Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma While Awaiting Liver Transplantation
Authors: Uemura Tadahiro , Kirichenko Alexander , Bunker Mark , Vincent Molly , Machado Lorenzo , Thai Ngoc 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTrans‐arterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation are commonly used for control of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on liver transplant (LTx) waiting list. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) was introduced to our institution for HCC as a bridging or downsizing therapy to LTx.Patients and methodsTwenty‐five HCC lesions in 22 patients were treated with SBRT while waiting for LTx from January 2010 to December 2015. Nineteen of these patients received deceased donor LTx. SBRT was defined as 40–50 Gy delivered in 4–6 fractions. Pre‐ and post‐liver transplant outcome were analyzed in addition to the dropout rate and tumor response to SBRT.ResultsMedian size of original tumors was 3.2 cm (2.0–8.9), and median size of tumor after SBRT was significantly smaller at 0.9 cm (0–3.2) in the explanted livers (p < 0.01). The dropout rate was 9%, and they were only downsized patients outside of Milan criteria. Liver disease did not progress between pre‐ and post‐SBRT except one patient. Twenty‐eight percent of treated HCCs showed complete pathologic response, and 22% had extensive partial response with some residual tumor. No HCC recurrence was experienced after LTx.ConclusionSBRT is indicated to be safe, effective treatment for HCC on LTx waiting list, and it leads to satisfactory post‐liver transplant outcomes.
Buddhist Constitutionalism in Thailand: When Rājadhammā Supersedes the Constitution
Authors: MÉRIEAU Eugénie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article adds nuance to the classical account depicting Thailand as a secularized country by documenting how Buddhism informs constitutional thought and practices in contemporary Thailand. Throughout the twentieth century, Buddhist discourses have been used to bypass constitutional provisions in the name of ‘dhamma’ through the reliance on the rediscovery of the doctrine of the dhammarāja (the righteous King). In the early twenty-first century, a second rebirth of the discourse of the dhammarāja led to a further devaluation of the constitution as the supreme norm. The principles of a righteous King (totsapitrājadhammā) were reconceptualized as a functional equivalent to constitutionalism – as constraining the King’s power. This article first examines how modern lawyers used Buddhism as the vehicle to import Western constitutional ideas into the Siamese polity while reconstructing them as part of a royal legacy through the doctrine of the Ten Royal Virtues. It then turns to an analysis of the ever-increasing enshrinement of Buddhism in successive Thai constitutions since 1932. It concludes with an account of the politicization of the righteous King doctrine and its impact on constitutional practices.
HaematophagicCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chauhan Veeren M , Pritchard David I 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegansis a free-living nematode that resides in soil and typically feeds on bacteria. We postulate that haematophagicC. eleganscould provide a model to evaluate vaccine responses to intestinal proteins from hematophagous nematode parasites, such asNecator americanus. Human erythrocytes, fluorescently labelled with tetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester, demonstrated a stable bright emission and facilitated visualization of feeding events with fluorescent microscopy.C. eleganswere observed feeding on erythrocytes and were shown to rupture red blood cells upon capture to release and ingest their contents. In addition,C. eleganssurvived equally on a diet of erythrocytes. There was no statistically significant difference in survival when compared with a diet ofEscherichia coliOP50. The enzymes responsible for the digestion and detoxification of haem and haemoglobin, which are key components of the hookworm vaccine, were found in theC. elegansintestine. These findings support our postulate that free-living nematodes could provide a model for the assessment of neutralizing antibodies to current and future hematophagous parasite vaccine candidates.
Individualized prediction of dispositional worry using white matter connectivity
Authors: Feng Chunliang , Cui Zaixu , Cheng Dazhi , Xu Rui , Gu Ruolei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundExcessive worry is a defining feature of generalized anxiety disorder and is present in a wide range of other psychiatric conditions. Therefore, individualized predictions of worry propensity could be highly relevant in clinical practice, with respect to the assessment of worry symptom severity at the individual level.MethodsWe applied a multivariate machine learning approach to predict dispositional worry based on microstructural integrity of white matter (WM) tracts.ResultsWe demonstrated that the machine learning model was able to decode individual dispositional worry scores from microstructural properties in widely distributed WM tracts (mean absolute error = 10.46, p < 0.001; root mean squared error = 12.82, p < 0.001; prediction R2 = 0.17, p < 0.001). WM tracts that contributed to worry prediction included the posterior limb of internal capsule, anterior corona radiate, and cerebral peduncle, as well as the corticolimbic pathways (e.g. uncinate fasciculus, cingulum, and fornix) already known to be critical for emotion processing and regulation.ConclusionsThe current work thus elucidates potential neuromarkers for clinical assessment of worry symptoms across a wide range of psychiatric disorders. In addition, the identification of widely distributed pathways underlying worry propensity serves to better improve the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms associated with worry.
An 8-year point-prevalence surveillance of healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial use in a tertiary care teaching hospital in China
Authors: Wu Yi-Le , Yang Xi-Yao , Pan Meng-Shu , Li Ruo-Jie , Hu Xiao-Qian , Zhang Jing-Jing , Yang Li-Qi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major worldwide public-health problem, but less data are available on the long-term trends of HAIs and antimicrobial use in Eastern China. This study describes the prevalence and long-term trends of HAIs and antimicrobial use in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Hefei, Anhui, China from 2010 to 2017 based on annual point-prevalence surveys. A total of 12 505 inpatients were included; 600 HAIs were recorded in 533 patients, with an overall prevalence of 4.26% and a frequency of 4.80%. No evidence was found for an increasing or decreasing trend in prevalence of HAI over 8 years (trend χ2 = 2.15, P = 0.143). However, significant differences in prevalence of HAI were evident between the surveys (χ2 = 21.14, P < 0.001). The intensive care unit had the highest frequency of HAIs (24.36%) and respiratory tract infections accounted for 62.50% of all cases; Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen (16.67%). A 44.13% prevalence of antimicrobial use with a gradually decreasing trend over time was recorded. More attention should be paid to potential high-risk clinical departments and HAI types with further enhancement of rational antimicrobial use.
The invitatory antiphons inCantus sororum:a unique repertoire in a world of standard chant
Authors: LAGERGREN KARIN STRINNHOLM 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis is the first study to examine the seven invitatory antiphons of the Birgittine weekly Office, theCantus sororum, offering complete transcriptions of the melodies and texts. An important general finding is that these invitatories share many melodic similarities with great responsories, but on a more detailed level this article investigates precisely how these chants relate to known models, both complete melodies as well as individual melodic motives. Four patterns of composition among theCantus sororuminvitatories emerge: (1) unique texts may be combined with melodies that resemble other known chants outside theCantus sororum;(2) texts and melodies that resemble other variants outside theCantus sororummay be combined in new ways; (3) both text and melody are unknown outside theCantus sororum.Overall, these invitatory antiphons, like the rest of theCantus sororum, represent creative work with existing melodies and texts, including reworkings, borrowings and consistent use of melodic motifs, comprising a significant part of a repertoire at once distinctly Birgittine in character and yet conforming to the common stock of Gregorian Chant. Melodic correspondences within theCantus sororumas well as in the Birgittine Mass repertoire thus afford an interesting perspective on a soundscape in which the Birgittines functioned and where, through music, their identity was created and maintained.
History of a book: Hildegard of Bingen's ‘Riesencodex’ and World War II
Authors: BAIN JENNIFER 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTOnly two large collections of Hildegard of Bingen's music are extant, today housed in the Katholieke Universiteit in Leuven (B-LVu, no shelf number) and in the Hochschul-und Landesbibliothek RheinMain in Wiesbaden (D-WI1 2, the so-called ‘Riesencodex’). The Riesencodex, though, was almost lost during World War II. It survived both bombing and plundering in Dresden in February 1945, only to be appropriated by the Soviet Administration in 1947. Using archival records from the Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv in Wiesbaden from the 1940s and 1950s, I detail the efforts of a number of people to retrieve the manuscript after the war and bring it back to Wiesbaden. Franz Götting, the director of the Wiesbaden library, spent several years trying to recover the manuscript through official channels. Its eventual return to Wiesbaden in 1948, however, came about surreptitiously, largely through the efforts of Margarete Kühn at the German Academy in East Berlin and an American woman, Caroline Walsh, in Berlin as a military spouse.
ARE ASIANS THE NEW BLACKS?
Authors: Kim Claire Jean 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article sheds light on the pending affirmative action lawsuit filed by Asian American plaintiffs against Harvard University by providing a brief history of how Asian Americans have been figured (and have figured themselves) in U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence on race-conscious admissions in higher education. It shows that the figuration of Asian Americans has played a critical role in the legal-ideological project of despecifying Black subjection and disavowing racial positionality in the U.S. social order, from Bakke to the present, and argues that a new ‘sociometry’ of race is necessary to help us understand and challenge persistent structures of racial power.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Adaptation of the Indicators of Abuse (IOA) Screen
Authors: Touza Carmen , Martínez-Arias Rosario , Prado Carmen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to replicate the analyses conducted by the creators of the Indicators of Abuse (IOA) Screen with a Spanish sample group and compare the results, to present new validity evidences, to analyze which items were more relevant in the detection of situations of risk of abuse, and to establish a cut-off point to interpret the obtained scores. The IOA was used by 46 professionals from social services teams who assessed the situation of 231 elderly individuals and their main caregivers. The obtained results advocated towards unidimensionality of the scale. It showed a high level of internal consistency (α = .94). The Confidence Interval of 99% for the alpha coefficient was between .92 and .95. The ordinal alpha coefficient reached the value of .98. The total score of the scale showed adequate temporal stability (r = .91; p ≤ .001; N = 163). Statistically significant differences (t-test) in the mean scores of most of the items were found between cases of adequate treatment and cases of risk of abuse. The scale classified correctly 93% of all cases. The best balance between sensitivity and specificity was found at the cut-off point given by score 16 (Sensitivity = 0.94, Specificity = 0.85). The results appear to confirm the validity evidence of the instrument when used with a Spanish population. However, it is necessary to conduct further research and confirm the results with wider, more representative sample groups.