bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of resistance mutations of Pro197, Asp376 and Trp574 on the characteristics of acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) isozymes
Authors: Yang Qian , Deng Wei , Wang Shipeng , Liu Hongjie , Li Xuefeng , Zheng Mingqi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDDescurainia sophia L., a problematic weed in winter wheat fields in China, has developed high resistance to tribenuron‐methyl. Amino acid substitutions at sites Pro197, Asp376 and Trp574 in the target acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) were primarily responsible for D. sophia resistance to tribenuron‐methyl. In this study, purified subpopulations of D. sophia plants individually homozygous for a specific resistance mutation (Pro197Leu, Pro197His, Pro197Ser, Pro197Thr, Asp376Glu or Trp574Leu) in AHAS were generated, and the effects of resistance mutations on D. sophia resistance and AHAS characteristics were investigated.RESULTSAll resistance mutations in this study not only caused D. sophia to evolve 152‐ to 811‐fold resistance to tribenuron‐methyl but also greatly reduced AHAS sensitivity to tribenuron‐methyl and increased AHAS binding affinity for the substrate pyruvate, which was primarily responsible for D. sophia resistance. The molecular docking results indicated that these resistance mutations altered AHAS binding affinity for tribenuron‐methyl by reducing the hydrogen bonds and changing hydrophobic interactions. Compared with the wild‐type AHAS, these resistance mutations exhibited no significant effects on AHAS feedback inhibition by branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) at concentrations <0.08 mm. The altered AHAS sensitivity to feedback inhibition by BCAAs did not necessarily increase or decrease the free BCAAs in resistant D. sophia plants.CONCLUSIONThe AHAS resistance mutations conferred D. sophia resistance to tribenuron‐methyl by decreasing the binding affinity for tribenuron‐methyl and/or increasing the binding affinity for pyruvate, but the mutations did not necessarily affect the biosynthesis of BCAAs in plants. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Information‐entropic measures in free and confined hydrogen atom
Authors: Mukherjee Neetik , Roy Amlan K. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractShannon entropy (S), Rényi entropy (R), Tsallis entropy (T), Fisher information (I), and Onicescu energy (E) have been explored extensively in both free H atom (FHA) and confined H atom (CHA). For a given quantum state, accurate results are presented by employing respective exact analytical wave functions in r space. The p‐space wave functions are generated from respective Fourier transforms—for FHA these can be expressed analytically in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials, whereas in CHA these are computed numerically. Exact mathematical expressions of
,
are derived for circular states of a FHA. Pilot calculations are done taking order of entropic moments (α, β) as
in r and p spaces. A detailed, systematic analysis is performed for both FHA and CHA with respect to state indices n, l, and with confinement radius (rc) for the latter. In a CHA, at small rc, kinetic energy increases, whereas
decrease with growth of n, signifying greater localization in high‐lying states. At moderate rc, there exists an interplay between two mutually opposing factors: (i) radial confinement (localization) and (ii) accumulation of radial nodes with growth of n (delocalization). Most of these results are reported here for the first time, revealing many new interesting features. Comparison with literature results, wherever possible, offers excellent agreement.
Phosphate uptake behavior and mechanism analysis of facilely synthesized nanocrystalline Zn‐Fe layered double hydroxide with chloride intercalation
Authors: Yang Bokai , Liu Dongfang , Lu Jianbo , Meng Xianrong , Sun Yu 
Published: February 2018

Zn‐Fe layered double hydroxide with chloride intercalation (ZFCL) was synthesized by a coprecipitation method at room temperature. ZFCL was characterized by N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Zeta‐sizer analyzer, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that ZFCL had large surface area and layered structure. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZFCL was 150.6 mg/g at 25°C. That was higher than most other adsorbent which were reported. The kinetic data were described better by the pseudo‐second‐order adsorption kinetic rate model. The adsorption isotherm on the adsorbent was described by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips models at pH 6 and followed the fitting order: Sips >Freundlich>Langmuir. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the phosphate adsorption on ZFCL was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The sequence of coexisting cations and anions competing with phosphate was Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ and SO42− > NO3− > Cl−. ZFCL can be regenerated by the sequential use of NaOH and ZnCl2. The adsorption capacity remained high as 108.6 mg/g after regeneration of 3 times. The results of zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated that the phosphate adsorption mechanisms involved ion exchange, Zn3(PO4)2 precipitation, and the formation of inner‐sphere complex via replacement of surface hydroxyl groups by phosphate.
Inherent Flexibility vis‐à‐vis Structural Rigidity in Chemically Stable Antimalarial Dispiro N‐Sulfonylpiperidine Tetraoxanes
Authors: Sharma Chiranjeev , Sharma Kumkum , Kumar Yadav Jitendra , Agarwal Alka , Kumar Awasthi Satish 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStructurally diverse and chemically stable tetraoxanes were formed by peroxidation of N‐sulfonylpiperidones. X‐ray analysis revealed that the crystal structures possess central spiro‐2,5‐disubstituted tetraoxane rings trans fused to 6‐membered piperidine and cyclohexylidene substituents in classical chair conformations. The more flexible cycloheptane ring exhibited pseudorotation between chair and twist chair conformation. The two sulfonyl oxygen atoms act as hydrogen‐bonding acceptors and participate in hydrogen bonding. Docking calculations showed that the tetraoxanes are aligned parallel to the plane of the porphyrin ring of heme so that the iron can attack the O−O bond to initiate redox‐mediated reaction to render nanomolar antimalarial potency to these compounds against P. falciparum 3D7.
Iodination and O‐Arylation of 2‐Arylquinolin‐4(1H)‐one with PhI(OAc)2 Under Metal‐free Conditions
Authors: Xie Ying , Zhong Junbo , Li Yulong , Xiao Xinsheng , Zou Like , Liu Yingle , Zhang Kaiming , He Jiao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIodination and O‐arylation of 2‐arylquinolin‐4(1H)‐one with PIDA under mild conditions have been developed, in which PIDA play a dual role as an iodine source and an aryl source. This protocol provides a facile access to 3‐iodo‐4‐phenoxy‐2‐arylquinolines with tolerance of a broad range of functional groups. Furthermore, This method is employed for concise synthesis of topoisomerases catalytic inhibitor analogue.
Pathologies of the canal of Nuck
Authors: Holley Allison 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPathologies involving the canal of Nuck are a little known developmental disorder with this embryological entity barely mentioned in most embryology and anatomy textbooks. This article will review the embryology and anatomy of the canal of Nuck and discuss the different pathologies that may be diagnosed. Ultrasound has the ability to accurately diagnose canal of Nuck pathologies and to differentiate between the types of hydroceles and the contents of congenital inguinal hernias. Ultrasound also provides valuable information on the contents perfusion and reducibility, thus helping to facilitate clinical management and timing of any surgical intervention. Pathologies of the canal of Nuck, while rare, should be considered as a differential diagnosis when investigating groin, labia or inguinal masses in female children.
Proteomic analysis of ametryn toxicity in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Lin Heng‐Dao , Hsu Li‐Sung , Chien Chih‐Ching , Chen Ssu‐Ching 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAmetrym (AMT) is the most widely used herbicide and frequently detected in the aquatic environment. AMT also represent a potential health risk to aquatic organisms and animals, including humans. However, little data are available on their toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicological effects of AMT exposure on zebrafish embryos. In the acute toxicity test, 6 hpf embryos were exposed to various concentrations of AMT for 24 or 48 h. The results indicated that AMT induced malformation in larvae. To investigate the toxicological mechanism on the protein expression level. A proteomic approach was employed to investigate the proteome alterations of zebra fish embryos exposed to 20 mg/L AMT for 48 h. Among 2925 unique proteins identified, 298 differential proteins (> or <1.3‐fold, P < 0.05) were detected in the treated embryos as compared to the corresponding proteins in the untreated embryos. Gene ontology analysis showed that these up‐regulated proteins were most involved in glycolysis, lipid transport, protein polymerization, and nucleotide binding, and the down‐regulated proteins were related to microtubule‐based process, protein polymerization, oxygen transport. Moreover, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that tight junction, ribosome, and oxidative phosphorylation were inhibited in the treated embryos. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of toxicity induced by AMT.
Shifting demographic and attitudinal changes of TWS members (1991–2014)
Authors: Urbanek Rachael E. , Carrozzino‐Lyon Amy L. , Potts Gary E. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe Wildlife Society's (TWS) strategic plan for 2014–2019 intends to improve member services, organizational integration, and sustainability of the Society. To inform these efforts, we invited 12,681 TWS members to participate in an online survey covering demographics and perceptions of member services and benefits in 2014. Compared with a previous TWS member survey completed in 1991, member demographics have shifted: females comprise a greater proportion of the membership (32% in 2014; 19% in 1991), a smaller proportion of members are actively involved at any level of TWS (41%; 52%), and the median age of members has increased slightly from 39 to 44. A smaller proportion of current members supported expansion of the certification program (28%) as compared with member responses in 1991 (51%). Support for TWS becoming an accrediting agency for university wildlife programs declined from 79% to 50%. A greater proportion of current members (54%) opposed using TWS certification requirements as hiring guidelines for wildlife biologists, compared with 38% of members in 1991. In 2014, most TWS members viewed access to TWS publications and networking opportunities with other professionals as valuable membership benefits; however, lack of time or resources for involvement and lack of encouragement from employers were perceived as the main barriers to TWS participation. Although often an integral part of a member's professional career, our results suggest that members are less active in the Society and hold weaker positive attitudes toward the role of TWS in their career as it relates to certification, formal education, and employment compared with 1991. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Dimension Vectors of Indecomposable Objects for Nilpotent Operators of Degree 6 with One Invariant Subspace
Authors: Dowbor Piotr , Meltzer Hagen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Formulas for the dimension vectors of all objects M in the category

$\mathcal {S}(\tilde {6})$

S
(

6

~

)

of nilpotent operators with nilpotency degree bounded by 6, acting on finite dimensional vector spaces with invariant subspaces in a graded sense, are given (Theorem 2.3). For this purpose we realize a tubular algebra Λ, controlling the category

$\mathcal {S}(\tilde {6})$

S
(

6

~

)

, as an endomorphism algebra of a suitable tilting bundle over a weighted projective line of type (2,3,6) (Theorem 3.6). Using this description and a concept of mono-epi type, the interval multiplicity vector of an object in

$\mathcal {S}(\tilde {6})$

S
(

6

~

)

is introduced and determined (Theorem 2.8). This is a much finer invariant than the usual dimension vector.
Screening anal cancer in women living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Diefenthäler Vanessa Laís , Zanella Janice de Fátima Pavan , Coser Janaina 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Aim Addressing the main methodologies published in the scientific literature and used to screen anal cancer in women living with HIV/AIDS.
Methodology The current study is an integrative literature review applied to articles published between 2013 and 2017 in databases such as PUBMED, EBSCO and LILACS.
Results Eight studies were selected to compose the current review after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. All the articles had evidence level IV. Anal cytology and the DNA-HPV test were the methodologies prevailing in the studies. The number of participants in the studies ranged from 35 to 863, and all the studies involved women living with HIV/AIDS. The aim of most of the herein reviewed studies was to assess the prevalence of anal cytologic changes or HPV infection in women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA).
Conclusion Studies have pointed out that there is concern about high anal cancer and anal HPV infection rates. They also highlighted the importance of the screening procedure for anal cancer prevention through cytology associated, or not, with molecular HPV detection methods.
The science and application of IPS e.Max dental ceramic
Authors: Willard Alec , Gabriel Chu Tien‐Min 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to report the state of current literature and recommendations for the lithium disilicate glass‐ceramic IPS e.Max. The materials science, mechanical and optical properties were reviewed. Additionally an assessment was conducted of current implementation recommendations and clinical outcomes. This paper provides a brief historical overview, summary of the findings the findings of current literature, and clinical recommendation for the use of IPS e.Max CAD in dental applications.
Single-cell analyses of human islet cells reveal de-differentiation signatures
Authors: Teo Adrian Keong Kee , Lim Chang Siang , Cheow Lih Feng , Kin Tatsuya , Shapiro James A. , Kang Nam-Young , Burkholder William , Lau Hwee Hui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHuman pancreatic islets containing insulin-secreting β-cells are notoriously heterogeneous in cell composition. Since β-cell failure is the root cause of diabetes, understanding this heterogeneity is of paramount importance. Recent reports have cataloged human islet transcriptome but not compared single β-cells in detail. Here, we scrutinized ex vivo human islet cells from healthy donors and show that they exhibit de-differentiation signatures. Using single-cell gene expression and immunostaining analyses, we found healthy islet cells to contain polyhormonal transcripts, and INS+ cells to express decreased levels of β-cell genes but high levels of progenitor markers. Rare cells that are doubly positive for progenitor markers/exocrine signatures, and endocrine/exocrine hormones were also present. We conclude that ex vivo human islet cells are plastic and can possibly de-/trans-differentiate across pancreatic cell fates, partly accounting for β-cell functional decline once isolated. Therefore, stabilizing β-cell identity upon isolation may improve its functionality.
Mapping molecular assemblies with fluorescence microscopy and object-based spatial statistics
Authors: Lagache Thibault , Grassart Alexandre , Dallongeville Stéphane , Faklaris Orestis , Sauvonnet Nathalie , Dufour Alexandre , Danglot Lydia , Olivo-Marin Jean-Christophe 
Published: February 2018

AbstractElucidating protein functions and molecular organisation requires to localise precisely single or aggregated molecules and analyse their spatial distributions. We develop a statistical method SODA (Statistical Object Distance Analysis) that uses either micro- or nanoscopy to significantly improve on standard co-localisation techniques. Our method considers cellular geometry and densities of molecules to provide statistical maps of isolated and associated (coupled) molecules. We use SODA with three-colour structured-illumination microscopy (SIM) images of hippocampal neurons, and statistically characterise spatial organisation of thousands of synapses. We show that presynaptic synapsin is arranged in asymmetric triangle with the 2 postsynaptic markers homer and PSD95, indicating a deeper localisation of homer. We then determine stoichiometry and distance between localisations of two synaptic vesicle proteins with 3D-STORM. These findings give insights into the protein organisation at the synapse, and prove the efficiency of SODA to quantitatively assess the geometry of molecular assemblies.
Clinical testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2: a worldwide snapshot of technological practices
Authors: Toland Amanda Ewart , Forman Andrea , Couch Fergus J. , Culver Julie O. , Eccles Diana M. , Foulkes William D. , Hogervorst Frans B. L. , Houdayer Claude , Levy-Lahad Ephrat , Monteiro Alvaro N. , Neuhausen Susan L. , Plon Sharon E. , Sharan Shyam K. , Spurdle Amanda B. , Szabo Csilla , Brody Lawrence C. ,   on behalf of the BIC Steering Committee
Published: February 2018

AbstractClinical testing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 began over 20 years ago. With the expiration and overturning of the BRCA patents, limitations on which laboratories could offer commercial testing were lifted. These legal changes occurred approximately the same time as the widespread adoption of massively parallel sequencing (MPS) technologies. Little is known about how these changes impacted laboratory practices for detecting genetic alterations in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes. Therefore, we sought to examine current laboratory genetic testing practices for BRCA1/BRCA2. We employed an online survey of 65 questions covering four areas: laboratory characteristics, details on technological methods, variant classification, and client-support information. Eight United States (US) laboratories and 78 non-US laboratories completed the survey. Most laboratories (93%; 80/86) used MPS platforms to identify variants. Laboratories differed widely on: (1) technologies used for large rearrangement detection; (2) criteria for minimum read depths; (3) non-coding regions sequenced; (4) variant classification criteria and approaches; (5) testing volume ranging from 2 to 2.5 × 105 tests annually; and (6) deposition of variants into public databases. These data may be useful for national and international agencies to set recommendations for quality standards for BRCA1/BRCA2 clinical testing. These standards could also be applied to testing of other disease genes.
Excitations in the field-induced quantum spin liquid state of α-RuCl3
Authors: Banerjee Arnab , Lampen-Kelley Paula , Knolle Johannes , Balz Christian , Aczel Adam Anthony , Winn Barry , Liu Yaohua , Pajerowski Daniel , Yan Jiaqiang , Bridges Craig A. , Savici Andrei T. , Chakoumakos Bryan C. , Lumsden Mark D. , Tennant David Alan , Moessner Roderich , Mandrus David G. , Nagler Stephen E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe celebrated Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) is the paradigmatic example of a topological magnet with emergent excitations in the form of Majorana Fermions and gauge fluxes. Upon breaking of time-reversal symmetry, for example in an external magnetic field, these fractionalized quasiparticles acquire non-Abelian exchange statistics, an important ingredient for topologically protected quantum computing. Consequently, there has been enormous interest in exploring possible material realizations of Kitaev physics and several candidate materials have been put forward, recently including α-RuCl3. In the absence of a magnetic field this material orders at a finite temperature and exhibits low-energy spin wave excitations. However, at moderate energies, the spectrum is unconventional and the response shows evidence for fractional excitations. Here we use time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering to show that the application of a sufficiently large magnetic field in the honeycomb plane suppresses the magnetic order and the spin waves, leaving a gapped continuum spectrum of magnetic excitations. Our comparisons of the scattering to the available calculations for a Kitaev QSL show that they are consistent with the magnetic field induced QSL phase.
Oscillatory spin-orbit torque switching induced by field-like torques
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Kwon Jae Hyun , Ramaswamy Rajagopalan , Yoon Jungbum , Son Jaesung , Qiu Xuepeng , Mishra Rahul , Srivastava Shalabh , Cai Kaiming , Yang Hyunsoo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDeterministic magnetization switching using spin-orbit torque (SOT) has recently emerged as an efficient means to electrically control the magnetic state of ultrathin magnets. The SOT switching still lacks in oscillatory switching characteristics over time, therefore, it is limited to bipolar operation where a change in polarity of the applied current or field is required for bistable switching. The coherent rotation based oscillatory switching schemes cannot be applied to SOT, because the SOT switching occurs through expansion of magnetic domains. Here we experimentally achieve oscillatory switching in incoherent SOT process by controlling domain wall dynamics. We find that a large field-like component can dynamically influence the domain wall chirality which determines the direction of SOT switching. Consequently, under nanosecond current pulses, the magnetization switches alternatively between the two stable states. By utilizing this oscillatory switching behavior, we demonstrate a unipolar deterministic SOT switching scheme by controlling the current pulse duration.
Emerging Concepts in Evidence-Based Asthma Management
Authors: Reddel Helen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAsthma management is in an intriguing phase, with acceptance of asthma as a heterogeneous condition with different phenotypes and underlying mechanisms and the potential for personalized asthma care, in parallel with increasing evidence about the population-level impact of basic strategies to increase access to medicines and improve inhaler technique and adherence. These changes have been facilitated by a more comprehensive view of evidence, including both randomized controlled trials with high internal validity and pragmatic and observational studies with high generalizability to patients in clinical practice. Evolving concepts of asthma control have led to new approaches to asthma assessment, recognizing the potential for discordance between symptom control and risk of exacerbations. A re-evaluation of evidence has also led to substantial changes in initial treatment of asthma, with the focus moving away from bronchodilator-only treatment, toward early use of inhaled corticosteroids and novel strategies for mild asthma. Sputum-guided treatment, where available, is successful in patients with moderate–severe asthma, but exhaled nitric oxide has not yet satisfied initial assumptions about its utility for biomarker-guided treatment. New interventions are emerging to improve adherence with asthma controller medications. A re-evaluation of evidence about written asthma action plans has led to encouragement of a rapid increase in controller dose, rather than relying on bronchodilator treatment and oral corticosteroids. Finally, new models of asthma care are emerging, utilizing the skills of allied health professionals and recognizing the potential role of telehealth.