bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo measurements of irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates in human basal ganglia at 7 T: making inferences about the microscopic and mesoscopic structure of iron and calcification deposits
Authors: Balasubramanian Mukund , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Mulkern Robert V. 
Published: July 2019

The goal of this study was to measure irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates in the globus pallidus and putamen at 7 T, and to use these rates to make inferences about the sub‐voxel structure of iron and calcification deposits.Gradient Echo Sampling of a Spin Echo (GESSE) data were acquired at 7 T on eighteen volunteers spanning a large range of ages (23–85 years), with calcifications in the globus pallidus incidentally observed in one volunteer. Maps of transverse relaxation rates were derived from the GESSE data, and the mean value of these rates in globus pallidus and putamen was estimated for each volunteer.Both irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates increased with the expected age‐dependent iron content in these structures, except for the individual with calcifications for whom extremely large reversible relaxation rates but normal irreversible relaxation rates were found in the globus pallidus.Given the sensitivity of irreversible and reversible transverse relaxation rates to microscopic and mesoscopic field variations, respectively, our findings suggest that joint consideration of these rates may yield information not only about the amount of iron and calcification deposited in the brain, but also about the sub‐voxel structure of these deposits, perhaps revealing certain aspects of their geometry and cellular distribution.
Evaluating and providing quality health information for adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Grace Jacqueline Gilberto , Schweers Lisl , Anazodo Antoinette , Freyer David R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdolescents and young adults (AYAs, 15‐39 years old) are an ideal population to benefit from the ever‐expanding number and variety of cancer information and health resources available via the Internet and other digital platforms. However, the ability of individual AYAs to fully utilize such resources depends on their degree of health literacy. Across the trajectory of cancer care, an important role for the oncology clinician is assisting AYAs and caregivers in accessing quality health information consistent with their level of health literacy. Working from the premise that all AYAs with cancer and their caregivers deserve to be empowered with maximal knowledge about their condition, this review provides information to assist oncology clinicians in (1) understanding the variety of contemporary online resources that are currently available, including their strengths and limitations; (2) evaluating the quality of health information; and (3) recommending specific health information resources to their AYA patients.
Combined and differential effects of alpha‐thalassemia and HbF‐quantitative trait loci in Senegalese hydroxyurea‐free children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Gueye Tall Fatou , Martin Cyril , Ndour El Hadji Malick , Renoux Céline , Ly Indou Déme , Connes Philippe , Gueye Papa Madieye , Diallo Rokhaya Ndiaye , Diagne Ibrahima , Diop Pape Amadou , Cissé Aynina , Lopez Sall Philomène , Joly Philippe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOur objective was to investigate the combined and differential effects of alpha‐thalassemia –3.7 kb deletion and HbF‐promoting quantitative trait loci (HbF‐QTL) in Senegalese hydroxyurea (HU)‐free children and young adults with sickle cell anemia (SCA).ProcedureSteady‐state biological parameters and vaso‐occlusive crises (VOC) requiring emergency admission were recorded over a 2‐year period in 301 children with SCA. The age of the first hospitalized VOC was also recorded. These data were correlated with the alpha‐globin and HbF‐QTL genotypes. For the latter, three different genetic loci were studied (XmnI, rs7482144; BCL11A, rs1427407; and the HBS1L‐MYB region, rs28384513) and a composite score was calculated, ranging from zero (none of these three polymorphisms) to six (all three polymorphisms at the homozygous state).Results: A positive clinical impact of the HbF‐QTL score on VOC rate, HbF, leucocytes, and C‐reactive protein levels was observed only for patients without alpha‐thalassemia deletion. Conversely, combination of homozygous –3.7 kb deletion with three to six HbF‐QTL was associated with a higher VOC rate. The age of the first hospitalized VOC was delayed for patients with one or two alpha‐thalassemia deletions and at least two HbF‐QTL.ConclusionAlpha‐thalassemia –3.7 kb deletion and HbF‐QTL are modulating factors of SCA clinical severity that interact with each other. They should be studied and interpreted together and not separately, at least in HU‐free children.
Rapid detection and validated quantification of psychoactive compounds in complex plant matrices by direct analysis in real time‐high resolution mass spectrometry – Application to “Kava” psychoactive pepper products
Authors: Chambers Megan I. , Osborne Amy M. , Musah Rabi A. 
Published: July 2019

RationaleClassified by the UNODC as a top 20 plant of concern, Piper methysticum (also known as Kava) is being increasingly abused recreationally for its mind‐altering effects. It is of significant forensic relevance to establish methods to rapidly identifyand quantify psychoactive compounds, especially those yet to be scheduled ascontrolled substances and which have exhibited various noteworthy health concerns.MethodsDirect analysis in real time high‐resolution mass spectrometry (DART‐HRMS) demonstrated the ability to detect a range of kavalactones in Pipermethysticum derived products and plant material with no sample preparation. Inaddition, a validated method using calibration curves developed with a deuteratedinternal standard was used for the quantification of the psychoactive moleculeyangonin in various products.ResultsDART‐HRMS detected the protonated masses of six major kavalactonesand three flavokavains in 18 commercial Kava products. A method consistent withFDA validation guidelines was established for the quantification of yangonin in thevarious complex matrices. Implementation of this method, with an LLOQ of 5 mg/mL, enabled successful quantification of yangonin in 16 Kava products.Concentrations for solid products ranged from 2.71 to 8.99 mg/g, while that forliquid products ranged from 1.03 to 4.59 mg/mL.ConclusionsRapid identification and quantification of psychoactive smallmolecules in plant material can be accomplished using a validated DART‐HRMSprotocol. This work illustrates an approach to qualitative and quantitative analysesof a wide variety of complex matrices derived from plants, and demonstrates thatthe commercially available products analyzed are P. methysticum derived and docontain psychoactive yangonin at quantifiable levels.
Implications of dissipativity, inverse optimal control, and stability margins for nonlinear stochastic feedback regulators
Authors: Haddad Wassim M. , Jin Xu 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we derive stability margins for optimal and inverse optimal stochastic feedback regulators. Specifically, gain, sector, and disk margin guarantees are obtained for nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems controlled by nonlinear optimal and inverse optimal Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman controllers that minimize a nonlinear‐nonquadratic performance criterion with cross‐weighting terms. Furthermore, using the newly developed notion of stochastic dissipativity, we derive a return difference inequality to provide connections between stochastic dissipativity and optimality of nonlinear controllers for stochastic dynamical systems. In particular, using extended Kalman‐Yakubovich‐Popov conditions characterizing stochastic dissipativity, we show that our optimal feedback control law satisfies a return difference inequality predicated on the infinitesimal generator of a controlled Markov diffusion process if and only if the controller is stochastically dissipative with respect to a specific quadratic supply rate.
Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Prepared by Metal‐Induced Reduction of Graphite Oxide: Improved Conductive Behavior of a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/rGO Composite
Authors: Mallik Abul K. , Habib Md. Lawshan , Robel Fataha N. , Shahruzzaman Md. , Haque Papia , Rahman Mohammed Mizanur , Devanath Vasudevan , Martin Darren J. , Nanjundan Ashok Kumar , Yamauchi Yusuke , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn approach for preparing highly conductive poly(methyl methacrylate)–reduced graphene oxide (PMMA/rGO) composites by in situ polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer in the presence of iron metal induced deoxygenated rGO is reported. The obtained PMMA/rGO exhibited excellent electrical properties with a percolation threshold as low as 0.1 wt.% and electrical conductivity of 14 S/m at only 0.8 wt.% rGO loading. Moreover, with only 0.4 wt.% rGO content, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the prepared PMMA/rGO composite was enhanced by 16°C which corresponds to 17% improvement when compared to that of the neat PMMA. Furthermore, tensile strength increased by 26% as compared to that of the neat PMMA.
On the Distribution of Free Waves on the Surface of a Viscoelastic Cylindrical Cavity
Authors: Teshaev Muhsin Khudoyberdiyevich , Safarov Ismoil Ibrohimovich , Kuldashov Nasriddin Urinovich , Ishmamatov Matlab Rahmatovich , Ruziev Tulkin Razzoqovich 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
In this article, to the development of the theory and methods for calculating vibrations of dissipative mechanical systems consisting of solids, which include both deformable and non-deformable bodies is discussed. Theoretically, the problem in the mathematical aspect, there are not enough developed solution methods and algorithms for dissipative mechanical systems has not yet been posed. The problems of choosing a nucleus and its rheological parameters, their influence on the frequency and damping coefficient systems have not been studied

Purpose
The goal of the work is to formulate the statement, develop the solution methods and the algorithm for studying the problems of the dynamics of dissipative mechanical systems consisting of thin-walled plates (or shells) with attached masses and point development theory.

Methods
A method and algorithm for solving problems of eigen and forced vibrations of dissipative mechanical systems consisting of rigid and deformable bodies, based on the methods of Muller, Gauss, Laplace and Runge integral transform, are developed.

Results
To describe the dissipative properties of the system as a whole, the concept of a global damping coefficient (GDC) is introduced. In the case of a dissipatively homogeneous system of the GDC, it is determined by the imaginary part of the first modulo complex natural frequency. In the role of GDC in the case of a dissipatively inhomogeneous system, are the imaginary parts of both the first and second frequencies. Moreover, the “Change of Roles” occurs with the characteristic value of the stiffness coefficient of the deformable elements; the real parts of the first and second frequencies are closest. At the indicated characteristic value of the deformable elements, the global damping coefficient has a pronounced maximum. A change in the parameter, on which the global damping coefficient so substantially depends, can be achieved by varying physical properties or geometrical dimensions, thereby opening up the promising possibility of effectively controlling the damping properties of dissipative-inhomogeneous mechanical systems.

Conclusions
The developed solution methods, algorithms and programs allow determining the dissipative properties of a mechanical system depending on various physic-mechanical parameters, geometrical dimensions and boundary conditions. A method for estimating the dissipative properties of the system as a whole (with forced vibrations) depending on the instantaneous values of the deformable elements (shock absorbers) has been developed. The developed method allows to reduce (several times) the amplitudes of displacements and stresses.
Baseline Decrement in Patients with Mild Myasthenia Gravis Predicts Immunomodulation Treatment
Authors: Abraham Alon , Lovblom Leif E. , Bril Vera 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:To explore whether higher degrees of electrophysiological abnormalities are associated with a more frequent exposure to a more aggressive treatment regimen, we performed a retrospective chart review of patients attending the neuromuscular clinic from June 2012 to December 2015 and included 87 patients. We compared treatment regimens during the follow-up period between patients with high and low jitter and decrement. Myasthenia gravis patients with high jitter or decrement at baseline were more frequently treated with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) and/or plasma exchange (PLEX) during the follow-up period. In patients with mild disease, IVIG or PLEX treatment was associated with high decrement.
Using invaded-range species distribution modeling to estimate the potential distribution of Linaria species and their hybrids in the U.S. northern Rockies
Authors: McCartney Kevin R. , Kumar Sunil , Sing Sharlene E. , Ward Sarah M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvasive populations of Dalmation toadflax [Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.] and yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris Mill.) are widespread throughout the Intermountain West, where gene flow between these nonnative species is producing vigorous and fertile hybrids. These hybrid toadflax populations are less responsive to herbicides than either parent species, and biocontrol agents routinely released on L. dalmatica and L. vulgaris often fail to establish on hybrid hosts. Early detection of hybrid Linaria populations is therefore essential for effective management, but resources are limited for scouting large expanses of range and wildland. We used species distribution modeling to identify environmentally suitable areas for these invasive Linaria taxa in Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado. Areas suitable for hybrid Linaria establishment were estimated using two different modeling approaches: first, based on known hybrid occurrence and associated environmental conditions, and second, based on zones environmentally suitable for co-occurrence of the parent species. This also allowed comparison of different model outputs, especially relevant when modeling emerging invasives, such as novel hybrids, with minimal occurrence data. Combining the two model outputs identified areas at greatest risk of hybrid Linaria invasion, including parts of north-central Montana, where model estimates indicate the hybrid may spread without prior co-invasion of the parents. Potential hybrid hot spots were also identified in western Montana; northwestern, northeastern, and southeastern Wyoming; and the Western Slope and Front Range of Colorado. Despite relatively few confirmed occurrences of hybrid populations to date, our results indicate that extensive spread of hybrid populations is possible within the studied area. Model-based maps of potential Linaria distributions will allow area weed managers to direct limited resources more effectively for locating and controlling these invaders.
Endometrium immunomodulation by intrauterine insemination administration of treated peripheral blood mononuclear cell prior frozen/thawed embryos in patients with repeated implantation failure
Authors: Nobijari Fattaneh Farifteh , Arefi Seyedeh Soheila , Moini Ashraf , Taheripanah Robabeh , Fazeli Elham , Kharazi Hamideh , Hosseini Seyedeh Zeinab , Hosseini Ahmad , Valojerdi Mojtaba Rezazadeh , Copin Henri , Benkhalifa Moncef 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn assisted reproductive technology (ART) programmes, approximately 10% of infertile patients have at least two or three repeated implantation failures (RIFs) after an in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol. Successful implantation mainly depends on local immune tolerance mechanisms involving a spectrum of cytokines, interleukins and growth factors. The latter have played pivotal roles in the recruitment of immune cells (and notably T-lymphocyte cells). In total, 250 couples participating in frozen–thawed embryo transfer programme were incorporated in a randomized clinical trial (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) subgroup: n=122; control subgroup: n=128). In the PBMC group, a blood sample was collected 5 days before the scheduled frozen–thawed embryo transfer; PBMCs were isolated using Ficoll separation and then cultured for 72 h. Two days prior to embryo transfer, 0.4 ml of cultured PBMCs were transferred into the patient’s uterus. Although the clinical pregnancy rate was higher in the PBMC group (34.4%) than in the control group (23.4%), this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.05 in a chi-squared test). Nevertheless, when we limited the analysis to patients with ≥3 RIFs (n=138), there was a significant difference in the clinical pregnancy rate between the PBMC group (38.6%) and the control group (19.7%; P=0.01). Our results imply that PBMC transfer can be part of effective fertility treatment for patients with RIF.
A survey of 25 years of evaluation
Authors: Church Kenneth Ward , Hestness Joel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvaluation was not a thing when the first author was a graduate student in the late 1970s. There was an Artificial Intelligence (AI) boom then, but that boom was quickly followed by a bust and a long AI Winter. Charles Wayne restarted funding in the mid-1980s by emphasizing evaluation. No other sort of program could have been funded at the time, at least in America. His program was so successful that these days, shared tasks and leaderboards have become common place in speech and language (and Vision and Machine Learning). It is hard to remember that evaluation was a tough sell 25 years ago. That said, we may be a bit too satisfied with current state of the art. This paper will survey considerations from other fields such as reliability and validity from psychology and generalization from systems. There has been a trend for publications to report better and better numbers, but what do these numbers mean? Sometimes the numbers are too good to be true, and sometimes the truth is better than the numbers. It is one thing for an evaluation to fail to find a difference between man and machine, and quite another thing to pass the Turing Test. As Feynman said, “the first principle is that you must not fool yourself–and you are the easiest person to fool.”
Physicochemical modeling of the phytochrome-mediated photothermal sensing
Authors: Park Young-Joon , Park Chung-Mo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLight and temperature cues share many common signaling events towards plant photothermal morphogenesis. Particularly, the red (R)/far-red (FR)-absorbing phytochrome photoreceptors also function as temperature sensors, suggesting that light and temperature responses are intimately associated with each other. Here, we present data from physicochemical modeling of temperature sensing and thermomorphogenic patterning of hypocotyl growth, which illustrate that the two seemingly distinct stimulating cues are tightly coupled through physicochemical principles and temperature effects can be described as a function of infra-red (IR) thermal radiation. It is possible that the dark reversion from the FR-absorbing Pfr to the R-absorbing Pr phytochromes is essentially an IR-mediated thermal conversion. We propose that the phytochromes modulate photothermal responses by monitoring R:IR ratios, as they sense R:FR ratios during photomorphogenesis.
Enhanced Wave Absorption and Mechanical Properties of Cobalt Sulfide/PVDF Composite Materials
Authors: Wu Qiong , Wu Jian , Wang Guang-Sheng , Zhang Hua-Zhao , Gao Han-Jun , Shui Wei-Jia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA cobalt sulfide/PVDF(Polyvinylidene Fluoride) composite was prepared by a simple blending method, and the microstructure of the composite was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Increased absorption properties at frequencies ranging from 2 GHz to 18 GHz were studied, and the mechanical properties were investigated via tensile tests and finite element method simulations. The results indicated that the cobalt sulfide/PVDF composites exhibited strong microwave absorption intensities (−43 dB at 6.6 GHz) with a low filler loading (5.0 wt%). The elastic modulus increased with the cobalt sulfide mass fraction. Cobalt sulfide could improve the mechanical properties of the composite, especially in the lengthwise direction.
Number of seasonal exposures to Japanese cedar pollen increases the risk of sensitization: Observational study in Korean adults
Authors: Suh Michelle J. , Yi Hee Jun , Kim Jeong Hong , Lee Keun-Hwa , Hong Sung-Chul , Kang Ju wan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSensitization to seasonal allergens usually requires repeated exposure to them. However, research on the extent of exposure that increases the risk of sensitization to specific allergens is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the levels of exposure to Japanese cedar pollen that increased the risk of sensitization to it. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 857 college students living in Jeju, South Korea, as it is the only province in Korea where Japanese cedar pollen levels are high. Questionnaires about demographic characteristics were distributed and skin prick tests for allergic sensitization were performed. Sensitization rates of groups divided by residence period were 3.8% (less than 1 year), 1.8% (1–2 years), 8.5% (2–3 years), 10.3% (3–4 years), 14.8% (4–10 years), and 19.1% (over 10 years). Residence period was an influencing factor of sensitization rate to Japanese cedar pollen, and the cut-off value of the residence period that increased the risk of sensitization to Japanese cedar pollen was found to be 25 months. Repeated exposure to seasonal allergens was related to an increased sensitization rate in young adults. Our results suggested that exposure to Japanese cedar pollen for over two seasons could increase the risk in Korean adults.
Vietnamese-Speaking Children's Acquisition of Consonants, Semivowels, Vowels, and Tones in Northern Viet Nam
Authors: Phạm Ben , McLeod Sharynne 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The aim of this study was to investigate children's acquisition of Vietnamese speech sounds.

Method

Participants were 195 children aged 2;2–5;11 (years;months) living in Northern Viet Nam who spoke Vietnamese as their 1st language. Single-word samples were collected using the Vietnamese Speech Assessment (
Phạm, Le, & McLeod, 2016
) to measure accuracy of consonants, semivowels, vowels, and tones.

Results

Percentage of consonants correct for children aged 2;0–2;5 was 46.39 (
SD
= 7.95) and increased to 93.13 (
SD
= 6.13) for children aged 5;6–5;11. The most difficult consonants were /ɲ, s, z, x/. Percentage of semivowels correct for children aged 2;0–2;5 was 70.74 (
SD
= 14.38) and increased to 99.60 (
SD
= 1.55) for children aged 5;6–5;11. Percentage of vowels correct for children aged 2;0–2;5 was 91.93 (
SD
= 3.13) and increased to 98.11 (
SD
= 2.79) for children aged 5;6–5;11. Percentage of tones correct for children aged 2;0–2;5 was 91.05 (
SD
= 1.42) and increased to 96.65 (
SD
= 3.42) for children aged 5;6–5;11. Tones 1, 2, 5, and 6 were acquired by the youngest age group, whereas Tone 3 (creaky
thanh ngã
) and Tone 4 (dipping–rising
thanh hỏi
) did not achieve 90% accuracy by the oldest age group. Common phonological patterns (> 10%) were fronting, stopping, deaspiration, aspiration, and semivowel deletion for children aged 2;0–3;11 and were fronting and deaspiration for children aged 4;0–5;11.

Conclusion
This is the 1st comprehensive study of typically developing Northern Vietnamese children's speech acquisition and provides preliminary data to support the emerging speech-language pathology profession in Viet Nam.