bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust In Situ Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation with and without Hyperpolarization
Authors: Kovtunov Kirill V. , Lebedev Dmitry , Svyatova Alexandra , Pokochueva Ekaterina V. , Prosvirin Igor P. , Gerasimov Evgeniy Y. , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. , Müller Christoph R. , Fedorov Alexey , Koptyug Igor V. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful technique to characterize reactors during operating catalytic processes. However, MRI studies of heterogeneous catalytic reactions are particularly challenging because the low spin density of reacting and product fluids (for gas phase reactions) as well as magnetic field inhomogeneity, caused by the presence of a solid catalyst inside a reactor, exacerbate already low intrinsic sensitivity of this method. While hyperpolarization techniques such as parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) can substantially increase the NMR signal intensity, this general strategy to enable MR imaging of working heterogeneous catalysts to date remains underexplored. Here, we present a new type of model catalytic reactors for MRI that allow the characterization of a heterogeneous hydrogenation reaction aided by the PHIP signal enhancement, but also suitable for the imaging of regular non‐polarized gases. These catalytic systems permit exploring the complex interplay between chemistry and fluid‐dynamics that are typically encountered in practical systems, but mostly absent in simple batch reactors. High stability of the model reactors at catalytic conditions and their fabrication simplicity make this approach compelling for in situ studies of heterogeneous catalytic processes by MRI.
Co‐processing of Waste Cooking Oil and Light Cycle Oil with NiW/(Pseudoboehmite + SBA‐15) Catalyst
Authors: Hidalgo Herrador José Miguel , Psenička Martin , Horaček Jan , Tišler Zdeněk , Vráblík Aleš , Černý Radek , Murat Martyna 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLight cycle oil (LCO) and waste sunflower cooking oil (WSO) were co‐processed with the aim of obtaining more environmentally friendly fuels. Partial hydrogenation of naphthalene was also investigated as a model reaction. Commercial NiW/SiO2‐Al2O3, as a reference catalyst, and NiW/(pseudoboehmite + SBA‐15), as a new research catalyst, were tested. Liquid products were analyzed by simulated distillation, elemental analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. Elemental analysis indicated higher efficiency of the research catalyst in hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation of pure LCO and mixed feedstock containing WSO. Reactions with pure WSO resulted in less sulfur leaching into the product and a lower degree of deoxygenation compared with the commercial catalyst.
Flow Cytometry Analysis of Free Intracellular NAD+ Using a Targeted Biosensor
Authors: Eller Jared M. , Stewart Melissa L. , Slepian Alexandria J. , Markwardt Sheila , Wiedrick Jack , Cohen Michael S. , Goodman Richard H. , Cambronne Xiaolu A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFlow cytometry approaches combined with a genetically encoded targeted fluorescent biosensor are used to determine the subcellular compartmental availability of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The availability of free NAD+ can affect the activities of NAD+‐consuming enzymes such as sirtuin, PARP/ARTD, and cyclic ADPR‐hydrolase family members. Many methods for measuring the NAD+ available to these enzymes are limited because they cannot determine free NAD+ as it exists in various subcellular compartments distinctly from bound NAD+ or NADH. Here, an approach to express the sensor in mammalian cells, monitor NAD+‐dependent fluorescence intensity changes using flow cytometry approaches, and analyze data obtained is described. The benefit of flow cytometry approaches with the NAD+ sensor is the ability to monitor compartmentalized free NAD+ fluctuations simultaneously within many cells, which greatly facilitates analyses and calibration. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of a Single Intravenous Dose of Miridesap in Healthy Japanese Subjects
Authors: Ino Hiroko , Doi Yohei , Liefaard Lia , Cookson Louise , Chen Chao , Itoh Hiroshi , Igarashi Harue , Nakano Atsushi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis phase 1 study characterized the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of miridesap (GSK2315698) following an intravenous (IV) infusion in healthy Japanese men. Subjects in Cohort 1 received 1‐hour IV infusions of 10, 20, and 40 mg of miridesap or placebo, and subjects in Cohort 2 received a 15‐hour IV infusion of 20 mg/h of miridesap or placebo. No treatment‐related adverse events were reported. No new safety signals were identified for either vital signs or clinical laboratory parameters. A dose‐dependent increase was observed in miridesap exposure (area under the concentration‐time curve and maximum observed drug concentration) in the 10 to 40 mg/h dose range after a 1‐hour IV infusion of miridesap. Rapid depletion of circulating serum amyloid P component was observed after the initiation of miridesap infusion. Serum amyloid P component concentrations fell in a dose‐dependent manner following administration of miridesap.
Optimized implementation of QC‐MDPC code‐based cryptography
Authors: Guimarães Antonio , Aranha Diego F. , Borin Edson 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a new enhanced version of the QcBits key encapsulation mechanism, which is a constant‐time implementation of the Niederreiter cryptosystem using QC‐MDPC codes. In this version, we updated the implementation parameters to meet the 128‐bit quantum security level, replaced some of the core algorithms to avoid using slower instructions, vectorized the entire code using the AVX‐512 instruction set extension, and applied several other techniques to achieve a competitive performance level. Our implementation takes 928, 259, and 5008 thousand Skylake cycles to perform batch key generation (cost per key), encryption, and uniform decryption, respectively. Comparing with the current state‐of‐the‐art implementation for QC‐MDPC codes, BIKE, our code is 1.9 times faster when decrypting messages.
Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 with Tunable Morphology Using l‐Cysteine and Its Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Guo Xin , Wang Runwei , Ni Ling , Qiu Shilun , Zhang Zongtao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNitrogen and sulfur co‐doped carbon‐coated Li4Ti5O12 (denoted as LTO/NSC) was developed to enhance the electrochemical performance of LTO material. l‐Cysteine served as both the carbon source and the heteroatom doping source. The morphology of LTO was tuned by Ti−C bond formation during carbonation process, accompanied by a change in the original orientation growth of the LTO lattice plane. Consequently, LTO transformed from nanosheets to nanoparticles. SEM data proved that the structure of LTO/NSC nanoparticles was more stable than that of LTO nanosheets after hundreds of charge/discharge process. The N,S co‐doped carbon layer can moderate particle aggregation and may help to shorten the electron transport length and enhance lithium storage capacity. The structural superiority and the N,S co‐doped carbon layer endows LTO/NSC particles with high reversible specific capacity (183 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C), significantly enhanced rate capability (122 mA h g−1 at 10 C) and excellent cycling stability (capacity retention of 96.3 % after 200 cycles) relative to these features of LTO nanosheets. Thus, LTO/NSC is a promising anode material for high‐performance lithium ion batteries.
Improved Reactor Productivity for the Safe Photo‐Oxidation of Citronellol Under Visible Light LED Irradiation
Authors: Hamami Zine Eddine , Vanoye Laurent , Fongarland Pascal , de Bellefon Claude , Favre‐Réguillon Alain 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA simple continuous flow photochemical reactor was optimized for the safe photo‐oxidation of citronellol into precursors of rose oxide, a flagrance of commercial value. The reactor productivity was increased by a factor of 4 compared to the current literature for a conversion above 99 % and in safe conditions (up to 0.72 mM min−1 mLreactor−1). The reactor was based on a classical design described by Booker‐Milburn et al., i. e. multiple loops of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) tubing wrapped tightly around a visible LED lamp under slug flow conditions. The influence of the type of visible white LED light (6500 K vs. 3000 K), of photosensitizers (tetraphenylporphyrin vs. methylene blue), of solvent (CH2Cl2 vs. MeOH), concentration of citronellol (0.1 M vs. 2 M) and of mass efficiency of the reactors (PFA tubing of 0.75 mm to 0.25 mm) was paramount to increase the productivity of the reactor.
Chromosome Analysis Using Benchtop Flow Analysers and High Speed Cell Sorters
Authors: Ng Bee L. , Fu Beiyuan , Graham Jennifer , Hall Christopher , Thompson Sam 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe use of the DNA dyes Hoechst (HO) and chromomycin A3 (CA3) has become the preferred combination for the bivariate analysis of chromosomes from both human and animals. This analysis requires a flow cytometer equipped with lasers of specific wavelength and of higher power than is typical on a conventional bench top flow cytometer. In this study, we have investigated the resolution of chromosome peaks in a human cell line with normal flow karyotype using different combinations of DNA dyes on a number of flow cytometers available in a flow cytometry core facility. Chromosomes were prepared from the human cell line using a modified polyamine isolation buffer. The bivariate flow karyotypes of different DNA dyes combination; 4′‐6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) or Hoechst with propidium iodide (PI), obtained from different flow cytometers were compared to the reference flow karyotype of DAPI or Hoechst with chromomycin A3, generated from a Mo‐Flo cell sorter using laser power settings of 300 mW each of UV and 457 nm. Good chromosome separation was observed in most of the flow cytometers used in the study. This study demonstrates that chromosome analysis and sorting can also be performed on benchtop flow cytometers equipped with the standard solid state 488 and 355 nm lasers, using a DNA dye combination of DAPI or Hoechst with PI. © 2018 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Monitoring circulating tumor cells in vivo by a confocal microscopy system
Authors: Hu Yuhao , Tang Wanyi , Cheng Pan , Zhou Quanyu , Tian Xiaoying , Wei Xunbin , He Hao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) play a key role in cancer metastasis but are very difficult to detect. in vivo monitoring CTCs has been recognized as an important technique for cancer research and clinical diagnosis. Recently, a noninvasive method, in vivo flow cytometry (IVFC) has been developed to enable continuous, real‐time, and long‐duration detection of CTCs in animal models by detecting CTC fluorescence in blood vessels excited by lasers. In this study, we present a simple optical scheme for direct noninvasive CTC detection using confocal microscopes. We demonstrate that line scanning of confocal microscopy can provide effective and quantitative CTC detection in live mice during cancer development. Rare CTC signals can be acquired at the early stage of the tumor development after implantation of subcutaneous tumor and monitored continuously to the end. Signals from CTC clusters can also be acquired and distinguished from single CTCs. Our results suggest confocal microscopy is a simple and reliable method for biologists and doctors to use for cancer research. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Beer, brains, and brawn as tools to describe terrestrial gastropod species richness on a montane landscape
Authors: Lucid Michael K. , Ehlers Shannon , Robinson Lacy , Cushman Samuel A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTerrestrial gastropods are part of one of the most vulnerable taxonomic groups, mollusks, but receive relatively little conservation attention. This is partially due to the paucity of peer‐reviewed statistical evaluations of common survey techniques. From 2010 to 2014, we conducted a massive survey for terrestrial gastropods in a montane region centered on northern Idaho and including portions of northeastern Washington and northwestern Montana, USA. We fused several commonly used gastropod survey techniques (cover board traps baited with beer or water, pitfall traps, visual search, and leaf litter sorting) into a single survey transect which we deployed at 991 survey sites across our 22,975‐km2study area. We used a variety of variables, including air temperature (collected at each site for ≥12 calendar months) and relative humidity to evaluate the effects of seasonality, observer bias, and repeated site visits on collection rate of individual specimens and detection of numbers of species. We found a combination of timed searches and leaf litter to be most effective in describing the maximum number of species with the least amount of effort. Although re‐visiting sites significantly increased the number of species detected, more time spent at each site likely would have a similar effect and preclude the need for additional expense to visit remote survey locations. Observer bias was determined not to be a factor of concern for within‐group observers. But when grouped by observer type, different classifications of observers performed quite differently. Beer, regardless of brand, was clearly a superior trap bait to water. However, because traps outperformed timed searches only slightly for one gastropod sub‐group (small slugs) we do not recommend trapping, beer baited or otherwise, be used as part of major landscape‐level survey efforts. Our study is the most extensive evaluation of survey techniques available in the literature to date and provides a framework for other practitioners implementing landscape‐level surveys for terrestrial gastropods.
Compensatory grazing by Daphnia generates a trade‐off between top‐down and bottom‐up effects across phytoplankton taxa
Authors: Mandal Shovon , Abbott Wilkins Rachel , Shurin Jonathan B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTrade‐offs among traits that shape different components of fitness determine the potential for species to coexist in communities and the regulation of ecosystem productivity by consumers vs. resources. We compared functional and structural traits of 14 species of freshwater phytoplankton to test the influence of life history (exponential growth rate, r, and asymptotic density, K), cell volume, cellular fatty acid (FA) biochemistry, and stoichiometry (cellular C:N and C:P ratios) on grazing and growth rate of Daphnia consumers. Grazers exerted the strongest top‐down effects on algae with the highest C:N and C:P, and lower levels of FA unsaturation. In contrast, the grazer's growth rate was most associated with phytoplankton species’ FA unsaturation and chain length. Different traits were related to grazing rate and trophic transfer efficiency, and as a result, the grazing rate on a particular phytoplankton taxon was unrelated to the grazers’ growth rate. The best nutrient competitors (those with high C:N, C:P, and K, which previous experiments showed had lower minimum requirements for nutrients) were most heavily affected by grazing, but did not contribute the most to grazer growth. Our results indicate that Daphnia increase their food consumption rate in order to compensate for low stoichiometric food quality. Strong competitors with low nutrient demands may therefore be subject to the most intense grazing by individual consumers but not support greater production of higher trophic levels.
Counterflow gradient electrophoresis for focusing and elution
Authors: Courtney Matthew , Ren Carolyn L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCounterflow gradient electrofocusing uses the bulk flow of a liquid solution to counterbalance the electrophoretic migration of an analyte. When either the bulk velocity or the electrophoretic velocity of the analyte is made to vary across the length of the channel, there exists a unique zero‐velocity point for the analyte. This focusing method enables simultaneous separation and concentration of different analytes. The high resolution and sensitivity achieved are similar to that of isoelectric focusing, which separates analytes based on their isoelectric points, but the key difference is that analytes will instead focus based on their electrophoretic mobility. Dynamically changing the applied voltage or the counterflow rate over time will shift the zero‐velocity point, and therefore allows the focused analytes to pass through a fixed detection point, or elute from the separation channel. Throughout the review, a number of different counterflow gradient techniques will be discussed, along with their recent advancements and potential applications.
Wearable Textile Power Module Based on Flexible Ferroelectret and Supercapacitor
Authors: Yong Sheng , Shi Junjie , Beeby Stephen 
Published: December 2018

The rapid development of electronic textiles imposes a challenge on the power supply devices that, unlike conventional rigid batteries, ideally should be compatible with the mechanical properties. It would be highly advantageous if the power supply is integrated within the same textile as the system it is powering. This communication presents for the first time a textile power module that combines a ferroelectret biomechanical energy harvester and a solid‐state supercapacitor energy storage fabricated in a single woven cotton textile layer. The textile power module is highly flexible and the fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP)‐based ferroelectret can generate electric energy with an instantaneous output voltage of ≈10 V and power density of ≈0.86 µW cm−2 across a 70 MΩ resistive load from a compressive force of 350 N. The activated carbon and nontoxic gel electrolyte‐based solid‐state supercapacitor demonstrates a capacitance of 5.55 mF cm−2 and excellent stability after mechanically straining the textile. The textile power module can be charged to around 0.45 V in 3600 s with a compressive cyclical force of 350 N applied at 1 Hz. This work demonstrates a promising combination of materials and devices for achieving a self‐contained integrated power supply for e‐textile applications.
A drought index for Rainfed agriculture: The Standardized Precipitation Crop Evapotranspiration Index (SPCEI)
Authors: Pei Wei , Fu Qiang , Liu Dong , Li Tianxiao 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA drought index is one of the main methods used for measuring drought and represents the basis of drought monitoring, early warning, and classification. On the basis of an analysis of the advantages and limitations of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), the Standardized Precipitation Crop Evapotranspiration Index (SPCEI), which is a drought index of rainfed agriculture, was constructed in this study. The applicable conditions of the SPCEI were then investigated, and the results showed that the SPCEI was suitable for dryland crops under non‐irrigated conditions in arid and semi‐arid areas. The difference between the SPEI and SPCEI is analysed. Compared with the SPEI, the SPCEI considers crop evapotranspiration and the crop growth stage and was found to be more suitable for monitoring agricultural drought. Qigihar, which is located in a semi‐arid area in western Heilongjiang Province, China, was then analysed as an example. The characteristics of the spatial and temporal variability of regional agricultural drought were analysed based on maize and soybean in dryland areas. The results for the different growth stages of maize and soybean showed that drought intensity is more serious in the initial stage in the middle part. In crop development, mid‐season and late season stage, the drought conditions gradually increased from north to south. The drought degree of the two crops at the initial stage gradually increased, and the drought degree at the crop development stage gradually decreased. The main reason is that precipitation gradually increases during the crop development stage.
Surgical management of mesh infection following laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy and tension‐free vaginal mesh surgery: a report of two cases with a literature review
Authors: Sato Hirotaka , Teramoto Sakiko , Sato Katsuhiko , Abe Hirokazu 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionThe standard management for pelvic abscess or spondylodiscitis after reconstructive surgery previously involved total mesh excision, abscess drainage, and intravenous antibiotic administration. However, only few reports exist regarding the possibility of nonoperative management.Case presentationPostoperative mesh infection occurred in two cases of transvaginal mesh and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. In the first case, intravenous antibiotics were administered and debridement was performed. In the second case, intravenous antibiotics were administered, and local drainage was performed postoperatively, as sacral promontory infiltration was suspected. Diabetes was a comorbidity in both cases.ConclusionIt is necessary to select patients suitable for vaginal or laparoscopic mesh placement for pelvic organ prolapse preoperatively on the basis of prior history of the patients and once the patients provide informed consent for surgery after being explained the possible complications of pelvic reconstructive surgery, such as mesh infection.
Priming integrin α5 promotes human dental pulp stem cells odontogenic differentiation due to extracellular matrix deposition and amplified extracellular matrix‐receptor activity
Authors: Wang He , Ning Tingting , Song Ci , Luo Xinghong , Xu Shuaimei , Zhang Xiaoyi , Deng Zilong , Ma Dandan , Wu Buling 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOur previous study showed that knocking down integrin α5 (ITGA5) expression by using a lentiviral vector in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) led to weakening proliferation and migration capacity while enhanced odontogenic differentiation. To seek for possible clinical application, we investigated the effect of the ITGA5 priming synthetic cyclic peptide (SCP; GA‐CRRETAWAC‐GA) on proliferation, migration, and the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Remarkably, the involved mechanism was explored by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation proteomic technique, and the in vivo effect of ITGA5 was investigated by nude mice subcutaneous transplantation of cell and hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate complex. Results showed that SCP weakened the proliferation and migration capacity while enhanced odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs as lentivirus. The phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K/AKT, and MEK1/2/ERK1/2, along with IGF2/IGFBP2 and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway play an important role in this process. Proteomic Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed the key role of extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM‐receptor activity pathway were involved. ECM constituents, secreted protein acidic and cysteine‐rich (SPARC), lumican, vitronectin, prolargin, decorin, collagen type VI α1 chain (COL6A1), COL6A2, COL14A1, and COL5A1 were upregulated in the ITGA5‐silenced group. Inhibited expression of ITGA5 in DPSCs increased osteoid tissue formation and stronger related genes expression in vivo. In conclusion, the ITGA5 priming peptide could promote DPSCs odontogenic differentiation as lentivirus. Proteomics and bioinformatic analysis revealed that this may be due to the deposition of ECM and amplified ECM‐receptor activity, which could fuel the application process of utilizing priming ITGA5 on dental clinical practice.