bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing of conductivity/calcium and rubidium/strontium ratios as indicators of the chemical stability of a river: comparison with a biological indicator
Authors: Nirel P.M.V. , Lazzarotto J. 
Published: May 2018

It is customary to detect pollution in a water flow by monitoring the increase of sensitive elements concentrations (NH4+, PO43−, NO3−…). However, concentrations are dependent on the flow rate and these compounds are not conservative, implying a concentration decrease downstream leading to false negative diagnosis of pollution impact. The use of elemental ratios of conservative compounds should diminish these pitfalls. We then thought of the χ/Ca (conductivity/calcium) and Rb/Sr (rubidium/strontium) ratios as water chemical stability indicators to clearly identify and discriminate point from diffuse pollutions.
This hypothesis has been tested on 12 brooks located in the basin of Lake Geneva, during 2 hydrological years. The results were compared to the observed land use of the watershed and a biological indicator: the Pollution Sensitivity Index (PSI). The PSI is calculated from diatom taxonomy and evaluates biological quality with a grade ranging from 0 to 20 (bad to excellent). The main results of the research can be summarized as follows. The pollution signal is observable far downstream of the pollution site. Both χ/Ca and Rb/Sr ratios are water quality indicators expressing the stability of water chemistry. They can both be used to detect diffuse and point pollution impact. These indicators provide complementary information: χ/Ca variations increase in case of point pollution; Rb/Sr variations increase when diffuse pollutions occur. The results obtained with the indicators χ/Ca and Rb/Sr agree with biological indicator and observation of the land use. χ/Ca and Rb/Sr ratios represent important tools to identify and discriminate point source pollution from diffuse pollution.
Determination of fragrances at ng/L levels using CLSA and GC/MS detection
Authors: Mitjans D. , Ventura F. 
Published: May 2018

Polycyclic and nitro musks and two fragrances (Acetyl cedrene and Amberonne) have been determined and quantified in influent and effluent waste water, river water and tap water samples from different European countries by closed loop stripping analysis (CLSA) as a method of preconcentration and GC/MS operating in the SIM mode.
Limits of detection; precision expressed as repeatability and reproducibility relative standard deviations of the method; matrix effects and the estimation of the uncertainty have been evaluated.
All samples contained different musks at ng/l levels being the polycyclic musks Galaxolide and Tonalide and both fragrances, Amberonne and Acetyl cedrene the most abundant. Removal of these main compounds is achieved partially in all waste water treatment plants studied. These results suggest the importance of studying and controlling the presence of these ubiquitous environmental compounds in water systems.
Nanocrystals Technology for Pharmaceutical Science
Authors: Cheng Zhongyao , Lian Yumei , Kamal Zul , Ma Xin , Chen Jianjun , Zhou Xinbo , Su Jing , Qiu Mingfeng 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Nanocrystals technology is a promising method for improving the dissolution rate and
enhancing the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In recent years, it has been developing rapidly and applied
to drug research and engineering. Nanocrystal drugs can be formulated into various dosage forms.

Objective:
This review mainly focused on the nanocrystals technology and its application in pharmaceutical
science. Firstly, different preparation methods of nanocrystal technology and the characterization of nanocrystal
drugs are briefly described. Secondly, the application of nanocrystals technology in pharmaceutical science is
mainly discussed followed by the introduction of sustained release formulations. Then, the scaling up process,
marketed nanocrystal drug products and regulatory aspects about nanodrugs are summarized. Finally, the specific
challenges and opportunities of nanocrystals technology for pharmaceutical science are summarized and
discussed.

Conclusion:
This review will provide a comprehensive guide for scientists and engineers in the field of pharmaceutical
science and biochemical engineering.
Outcomes of LASIK for Myopia or Myopic Astigmatism Correction with the FS200 Femtosecond Laser and EX500 Excimer Laser Platform
Authors: Niparugs Muanploy , Tananuvat Napaporn , Chaidaroon Winai , Tangmonkongvoragul Chulaluck , Ausayakhun Somsanguan 
Published: May 2018

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, stability and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using the FS200 femtosecond laser and EX500 excimer laser platform.

Methods:
The outcomes of 254 eyes of 129 consecutive patients with myopia or myopic astigmatism who underwent full correction femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK at CMU LASIK Center were assessed. Pre-operative and post-operative parameters including manifest refraction, Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA), Best Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (BDVA), corneal topography and tomography were analyzed. The results between low to moderate myopia and high myopia were compared up to 12 months.

Results:
Mean pre-operative Spherical Equivalent (SE) was -5.15±2.41 Diopters (D) (range -0.50 to -11.50 D) and -0.13±0.28 D, -0.13±0.27 D, -0.13±0.28 D and -0.14±0.30 D at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, post-operatively. At 12 months, the propor¬tion of eyes achieving UDVA ≥ 20/20 was 90.0% and ≥20/40 was 98.8%. The proportion of eyes achieving post-operative mean SE ±0.5 D, and ±1 D was 91.3%, and 98.5%. No eyes lost more than two lines of BDVA. The low to moderate myopic group had a statistically significant better UDVA at one (p=0.017) and three months (p=0.014) but no difference at six (p=0.061) and 12 months (p=0.091). The mean post-operative SE was better in low to moderate myopic group at every follow-up visit (p=0.001, 0.007, <0.001 and <0.001).

Conclusion:
One-year clinical results of LASIK with the FS200 femtosecond laser and EX500 excimer laser showed high efficacy, predictability, stability and safety.
Treatment of recent-onset atrial fibrillation with quinidine and flecainide in Thoroughbred racehorses: 107 cases (1987–2014)
Authors: Takahashi Yuji , Ishikawa Yuhiro , Ohmura Hajime 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of quinidine and flecainide in treating naturally occurring, recent-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) in Thoroughbred racehorses.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 107 Thoroughbred racehorses.
PROCEDURES Medical records of racehorses with AF that were treated with quinidine or flecainide between 1987 and 2014 were reviewed. Signalment, history, treatments, complications, and outcome data were collected. Horses were allocated to 2 groups according to the initial treatment: initial treatment with quinidine (group 1) or initial treatment with flecainide (group 2). Horses in group 2 that did not convert to sinus rhythm with flecainide were then administered quinidine (group 3). Complications, total quinidine dose, and duration of treatment were compared. Rates of conversion for horses treated with quinidine versus flecainide were also compared.
RESULTS Overall rate of cardioversion was 91% (97/107). There was a significant difference in the rate of cardioversion for quinidine alone (91% [71/78]), compared with flecainide alone (41% [12/29]). In group 3, the conversion rate after the addition of quinidine treatment was 82% (14/17). Total quinidine dose and treatment duration did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 3.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Overall rate of cardioversion for Thoroughbred racehorses with AF was similar to that in previous reports. Flecainide treatment was less effective than quinidine treatment, but the frequency of complications did not differ between quinidine and flecainide. Further investigation is suggested to evaluate the efficacy of flecainide for cardioversion in athletic horses.
Adaptive reuse: an innovative approach for generating sustainable values for historic buildings in developing countries
Authors: Othman Ayman Ahmed Ezzat , Elsaay Heba 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Sustainable development has become a goal for all countries seeking a balance between social, environmen­tal and economic needs. The principal vision of a sustain­able built future is about developing creative designs that utilize energy and materials effectively. However, this vision should consider historic buildings that were built centuries ago. Although many of these buildings are standing in a stable state, they are obsolete and their values are not fully utilized. Towards revitalizing and generating sustainable values of these buildings, adaptive reuse is adopted as a process of modifying, adapting and reusing obsolete build­ings with their existing structures to extend their life cycle whilst performing a new function. This is currently practiced worldwide, specifically when a building has a unique archi­tectural character and is in a stable condition. The adaptive reuse of a historic building should have minimal impact on the heritage significance of the building and its setting. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of adaptive reuse as an innovative approach for generating sustainable values of historic buildings in developing countries. To achieve this aim, a research strategy is designed to accomplish four objectives: first, literature related to sustainable develop­ment, sustainable values, adaptive reuse and developing countries is reviewed; second, two case studies are pre­sented and analysed to investigate the role of adaptive reuse towards increasing the sustainable value of heritage build­ings; third, a strategy with its action plan is developed for facilitating adaptive reuse of historic buildings in develop­ing countries and finally, research conclusions are outlined and recommendations useful to professionals concerned with adaptive reuse of historic buildings are proposed.
Застосування високочастотного електрохірургічного апаратА “ERBE ICC 200” для лікування пацієнтів з поєднаною патологією анального каналу і прямої кишки
Authors: Zakharash М. P. , Balytskyy V. V. , Кuryk О. G. 
Published: May 2018

Реферат
Мета. Покращення результатів хірургічного лікування пацієнтів з поєднаною патологією (ПП) анального каналу і прямої кишки шляхом використання апарата високочастотної електрохірургії (ВЧЕХ) “ERBE ICC 200”.
Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані результати лікування 164 пацієнтів з ПП анального каналу і прямої кишки з використанням апарата ВЧЕХ “ERBE ICC 200”.
Результати. Встановлено, що при використанні апарата ВЧЕХ “ERBE ICC 200” зменшуються тривалість операції - до (20 ± 5) хв, об’єм крововтрати - до (15 ± 5) мл, потреба в наркотичних аналгетиках до (2 ± 1) мл, тривалість стаціонарного лікування - до (5 ± 1) доба.
Висновки. Застосування апарата ВЧЕХ “ERBE ICC 200” приводить до скорочення тривалості операції, зменшення крововтрати під час операції, а також інтенсивності болю в післяопераційному періоді. Використання даної хірургічної технології забезпечує незначну глибину некрозу тканин - (0,286 ± 0,15) мм та косметичність операції.
Gestão pública de prevenção de incêndios no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Pereira Aderson Guimarães , Araujo Junior Carlos Fernando 
Published: May 2018

Este trabalho está relacionado a pesquisa da evolução da gestão pública de prevenção de incêndios nas edificações e áreas de risco no Estado de São Paulo. Adotou-se como data inicial da pesquisa o surgimento dos grandes incêndios e a publicação das primeiras legislações sobre prevenção e combate a incêndio. Tal pesquisa descreve as medidas implantadas pelos órgãos públicos responsáveis, inclusive, legislações e normas técnicas.
Is driven transect sampling suitable for estimating red‐legged partridge Alectoris rufa densities?
Authors: Borralho Rui , Rego Francisco , Pinto Pedro Vaz 
Published: May 2018

An omnibus procedure for Alectoris partridges density estimation is still lacking. The suitability of driven line and strip transect sampling for estimating red‐legged partridge Alectoris rufa densities on mixed farmland, in southern Portugal, in March, May and July 1993 and 1994 was evaluated. Driven transect counts along a grid of dirt tracks were performed and compared to early spring territory mapping counts. Distance data sets exhibited prominent peaks near the origin, apparently caused by attraction of the birds to the tracks; nevertheless, line transect estimates computed using Fourier series models were similar to mapping counts in March of both years, as well as adult density estimates in July, but density was underestimated in May 1994. Line transect estimates were robust to the shift from individuals to clusters as sighting units, and to different grouping options, but not to data truncation. Driven strip transect estimates were computed using 10 m, 20 m, 40 m, 80 m, and 160 m strip widths. In March, estimates computed using the first three widths overestimated density and underestimated it in 1994 when the 160‐m strip was used. May and July adult density estimates were not significantly different from those in March. In this study, driven line transect sampling was an efficient and accurate method of estimating red‐legged partridge density on a farmland area in early spring and summer; however, further research is needed to evaluate its suitability in habitats of lower visibility, as detection models seem to require long‐distance sightings to compensate for the attractiveness of tracks. Strip transects are not recommended because of the difficulty of choosing an adequate strip width for density estimation. Both methods revealed similar utility as indices of relative population abundance.
Habitat structure, female distribution, and fallow deerDama damamating stands
Authors: Fur Cheryl Jones 
Published: May 2018

Male fallow deerDama damaexhibit inter and intrapopulation variation in mating behaviour, including both territorial and non‐territorial mating tactics. During 1993 I investigated the relationship between fallow deer mating territory location and female distribution in relation to habitat characteristics at the Ottenby nature reserve in southern Sweden where males defend isolated mating stands during the autumn rut. Mating stands were positively associated with dense canopy cover and the presence of hazelCorylus avellanatrees, but negatively associated with the number of alderAlnus glutinosatrees. Preference for such sites may be connected with the types of display males engage in during the rut as both auditory and olfactory means of communication can be affected by habitat structure. In relation to one another, the stands were randomly dispersed throughout the wooded region and along the perimeter of fields, with no indication of clumping or overdispersion. Female distribution was not associated with any of the habitat characteristics, or with stand location. The idea that males might be defending areas of favoured resources was ruled out as a possible explanation for stand location, although the idea that males might be defending game trails frequented by females remains as a potential determinant of stand locations.
Culling of lynxes Lynx lynx related to livestock predation in a heterogeneous landscape
Authors: Sunde Peter , Overskaug Kristian , Kvam Tor 
Published: May 2018

Lynx Lynx lynx hunting in Norway is regulated through regional quotas according to the magnitude of predation on semi‐domesticated reindeer Rangifer tarandus and domestic sheep Oves aries. Lynxes and semi‐domesticated reindeer were studied using telemetry in an area in Nord‐Trøndelag County, Norway, with high lynx predation on reindeer and domestic sheep and a high hunting pressure on lynxes. The probability of an ungulate killed by lynxes being livestock as opposed to a roe deer (the only alternative wild ungulate) increased with increasing distance from fields (P < 0.0001) and roads (P < 0.0001). Hunting was the only mortality cause found for radiocollared lynxes. The culling of lynxes was biased towards the vicinity of roads and cultivated fields compared with the general distribution of radiocollared lynxes (P < 0.001) and radio‐collared semi‐domesticated reindeer killed by lynxes (P < 0.001). Because of the easy location in rural areas due to the well‐developed road system, lynxes suffered the highest hunting mortality in habitats where the proportion of livestock in the diet was lowest, whereas lynxes inhabiting alpine areas more than 3 km from the nearest road escaped hunting. The hunters' preference for hunting lynxes near roads leads to a risk of selective reduction in regions and habitats where lynxes do little harm, whereas numbers in remote areas with high predation on livestock may remain unaltered.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Probing Prompting Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa
Authors: Rosdianwinata Eka , Ridwan Muhammad 
Published: May 2018

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBING PROMPTING LEARNING MODEL ON UNDERSTANDING SKILLS OF STUDENT MATHEMATICS CONCEPT. This study aims to determine the ability of understanding the Probing Prompting grade VIII MTs MA Cikaliung model. The research method used posttest-only nonequivalent control group design. Based on the results of hypothesis testing obtained t count = 0.883 and ttable = -1.672 with significance level α = 0.05. The words H0 and H1 are rejected, things that require an understanding of mathematical concepts capable of digging better than others.
Біоіндикаційна оцінка впливу місць видалення відходів на стан навколишнього природного середовища
Authors: Писаренко П. В. , Самойлік М. С. , Молчанова А. В. 
Published: May 2018

У статті проведено оцінку впливу звалища твердих побутових відходів (на прикладі звалища відходів міста Полтави) на біоту через визначення фітотоксичного впливу забрудненого ґрунту на схожість, ріст та кореневу систему рослин Triticum aestivum. Встановлено, що рівні пригніченості ростових процесів у даному ґрунті є вище за середні, що вказує на високий вміст важких металів у даному ґрунті та їх токсичний вплив на біоту у місці розташування звалища. Обґрунтовано, що використання пребіотика «Sviteco-PBG» дає змогу значно покращити якість ґрунту, і вже після 14 днів токсичний вплив на біоту в середньому зменшився на 10 %. Отже, використання пребіотиків дає змогу значно підвищити ефективність очистки ґрунту від важких металів, що в перспективі надає можливість повернути забруднені землі у господарський обіг.
The article assesses the impact of landfill of solid household waste (for example, landfill of waste from the city of Poltava) on biota due to the determination of the phytotoxic influence of contaminated soil on the growth, growth and root system of plants Triticum aestivum. It has been established that the level of depression of growth processes in this soil is higher than average, which indicates the high content of heavy metals in the given soil and their toxic effect on the biota at the location of the landfill. It was substantiated that using «Sviteco-PBG» prebiotic can significantly improve the soil quality, and after 14 days the toxic effect on biota has decreased by 10 % on average. Thus, the use of prebiotics can significantly improve the efficiency of soil cleaning from heavy metals, which in the long run provides an opportunity to return the contaminated land to economic circulation.
La dynamique des doubles contraintes dans les organisations
Authors: Ancelin-Bourguignon Annick 
Published: May 2018

Cet article1mobilise le concept de double contrainte, « jumeau » de la notion de paradoxe, pour identifier précisément les différentes composantes des paradoxes organisationnels. Cet inventaire permet de montrer comment les doubles contraintes se sont récemment multipliées, notamment avec le développement conjoint des instruments de gestion et de certains discours, et par quels processus elles produisent du stress et de la souffrance au travail. Cette analyse permet de formuler des propositions qui permettent d’en limiter les effets pathogènes pour les personnes et contraires à la performance des organisations.
Intraoperative cochlear nerve mapping with the mobile cochlear nerve compound action potential tracer in vestibular schwannoma surgery
Authors: Watanabe Nobuyuki , Ishii Takuya , Fujitsu Kazuhiko , Kaku Shogo , Ichikawa Teruo , Miyahara Kosuke , Okada Tomu , Tanino Shin , Uriu Yasuhiro , Murayama Yuichi 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVEThe authors describe the usefulness and limitations of the cochlear nerve compound action potential (CNAP) mobile tracer (MCT) that they developed to aid in cochlear nerve mapping during vestibular schwannoma surgery (VSS) for hearing preservation.METHODSThis MCT device requires no more than 2 seconds for stable placement on the nerve to obtain the CNAP and thus is able to trace the cochlear nerve instantaneously. Simultaneous bipolar and monopolar recording is possible. The authors present the outcomes of 18 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative useful hearing (defined as class I or II of the Gardner-Robertson classification system) and underwent hearing-preservation VSS with the use of the MCT. Mapping was considered successful when it was possible to detect and trace the cochlear nerve.RESULTSMapping of the cochlear nerve was successful in 13 of 18 patients (72.2%), and useful hearing was preserved in 11 patients (61.1%). Among 8 patients with large tumors (Koos grade 3 or 4), the rate of successful mapping was 62.5% (5 patients). The rate of hearing preservation in patients with large tumors was 50% (4 patients).CONCLUSIONSIn addition to microsurgical presumption of the arrangement of each nerve, frequent probing on and around an unidentified nerve and comparison of each waveform are advisable with the use of both more sensitive monopolar and more location-specific bipolar MCT. MCT proved to be useful in cochlear nerve mapping and may consequently be helpful in hearing preservation. The authors discuss some limitations and problems with this device.
An initial step in the early stages of business cycle theories: The contribution of T. Veblen
Authors: Dutraive Véronique 
Published: May 2018

Le but de cet article est d’évaluer la conception des cycles économiques de T. Veblen et de déterminer les types de théories qui la fondent. La première section souligne la dimension institutionnelle sous-jacente à la théorie de Veblen. La deuxième section présente cette conception du cycle économique et des crises. La troisième section s’attache à déterminer si cette conception du cycle économique peut être classée comme exogène ou endogène, et si les fluctuations considérées sont monétaires ou réelles. La section finale proposera une interprétation mettant en évidence les mécanismes évolutifs et dynamiques en suggérant une comparaison avec certains modèles contemporains multi-agents simulant les crises financières.