bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of a high concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system with a water spray cooling device
Authors: Chen Haifei , Yang Jie , Zhou Nianyong , Chen Jianfang , Zhang Yang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A high concentrating photovoltaic/thermal system based on a water spray cooling device has been investigated in this paper. The system uses point-focus Fresnel lens as a concentrator with a concentration ratio over 1000. Both of the numerical thermal and electrical models have been developed to investigate the performance of the system. Moreover, the spray cooling has been used to solve the problem of high heat flux transfer and get good temperature uniformity, which is considered as an efficient method to develop the electrical efficiency and thermal efficiency. The results show that the overall efficiency is mainly influenced by water mass flow.
Study on the comprehensive energy performance of different shading systems in China
Authors: Li X , Peng JQ , Curcija C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study evaluates the impacts of different shading systems on the comprehensive energy performance of buildings in China. Firstly, simulation models for four shading systems were developed using THERM, WINDOW and EnergyPlus. Then, four shading systems with different qualities, setting modes and baseline window systems were defined and simulated. Two cities, Beijing and Guangzhou, were selected as representative cities for heating-dominated and cooling-dominated regions in this study. Finally, the comprehensive energy performance, including cooling electricity consumption, heating electricity consumption and lighting electricity consumption for buildings with different shading systems were analysed. The results show that in Beijing, the most suitable shading system is roller shade with D quality (the combination of performance parameters), H (half shading) setting mode and low-e glazing system, while in Guangzhou, the most suitable shading system is roller shade with A quality, F (Full shading) setting mode and low-e glazing system. Besides, buildings in Beijing with suitable shading systems can achieve at least 20% energy saving potential (including air conditioning and lighting electricity consumption) compared with buildings without shading systems and the corresponding figure for Guangzhou is 50%. The conclusions of this study provide a reference for design and selection of shading systems in different regions in China.
Influencing factor Analysis of collecting capability over a year by the panel typed solar collector for seven representative cities in Yunnan, China
Authors: yang Ming , enshen Long , kuo Xu , yanru Li , yin Zhang , zhenghao Jin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Solar energy is abundant in Yunnan province, China, and buildings in this area have a surging demand for heat supply over winter season. Targeting on seven representative cities in Yunnan, this paper analyzed the optimum tilt and azimuth angles of the panel typed solar collector within these cities over a year by applying the orthogonal method, and an improved mathematical model in calculating the collected solar radiation was also developed, and the influence of the varying tilt and azimuth angles on the solar heat collection was also analyzed. Results showed that, the collected solar radiation varied in a parabola curve and was slowly decreasing after the azimuth was reaching 0° and the dip angle was approaching the location latitude, when the azimuth angle was varying from -65° to 65° and the dip angle was increasing from 0° to 90°, respectively. And among these cities, the optimum dip angles were ranging from 29° to 33° and the optimum azimuth angles were ranging from -18° to 5°, respectively, which were within the recommended ranges of the local standard. However, the maximum decrease rates of the captured solar radiation can amount to 12.15% and 2.8%, respectively, if choosing the tilt and azimuth angles of the panel typed solar collector randomly.
Analysis on the influence of solar radiation on heating load of existing residential buildings in Western Sichuan
Authors: Huang Yi , Liu Yong 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The calculation of the solar radiation heat is important to the accuracy of heating load prediction, especially in area with sufficient solar radiation, e.g. western Sichuan in China. However, only a few researches are focused on the specific effects of solar radiation heat in this area. Therefore, based on a practical residential building in Western Sichuan and the survey data, the heating load during the day and night in a heating season under different working conditions are compared in this paper. The influence of solar radiation on the heating load of residential buildings in Western Sichuan is analyzed, and the correctness of the simulation software is verified by experiments. The results show that the solar radiation will greatly increase room base temperature in the daytime. In a heating season, the heating load of the building increases by 26.12% without considering solar radiation heat. During the day (9:00 to 18:00) and night (18:00 to 9:00), the heating load increases by 35.69% and 19.80%, respectively. Besides, solar radiation mainly affects the south exterior wall in a north-south residential building. The heating load of south rooms is 27.52% less than north rooms, with 35.92% less during the day and only 22.08% less during the night.
Mechanical analysis of photovoltaic panels with various boundary condition
Authors: Li Y X , Xie L Z , Zhang T Y , Wu Y P , Sun Y Y , Ni Z C , Zhang J Q , He B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The photovoltaic (PV) panels currently existed on market are a kind of laminated plate structure, which is composed of two stiff glass skins and a soft interlayer. Some of those panels are installed on the buildings and integrated as the components of the structures, such as wall and roof. In different locations, the installations of the panels are different and the boundary conditions are not simply supported any more. The generating electricity requirement of the panels needs the mechanic behaviour of them is stable with any boundary condition. In this paper the bending behaviour of PV panels with various boundary conditions is analysed and the influence of boundary condition is studied carefully. The Kirchhoff theory which is one of the classical lamination theory (CLT) is adopted to build governing equations of photovoltaic panels under static force. A Rayleigh-Rita method is modified to solve the governing equations and calculate the static deformation and stress. Different boundary condition requires different assumptions of the deflection function and a modified general function is developed to solve that problem. A theoretical solution is derived out and used to do the numerical calculation. A bending experiment of PV panel with two opposite edges simply supported and the other two free is used to verify the correctness and accuracy of the proposed solution. Finally, the influence of different boundary condition is stated by comparing the numerical results and some guides for the PV panel installation are proposed.
Study on the hysteresis characteristic of solar thermal storage system
Authors: Mao N , Long E S , Li J , Xiao D T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The thermal storage efficiency is one of the important indicators for evaluating the operation of solar thermal storage system. Affected by the thermal inertia of the system, the analysis of the relationship between the thermal storage efficiency and solar radiation, which is inadequate at the smaller time scale. This paper measured the operation of a flat plate solar collector system, studied the hysteresis characteristics of the system’s collector efficiency changes with solar radiation, took a numerical solution method for the actual lag time of the system and finally obtained the actual influence rule of solar radiation on the collection efficiency per minute. The results show that the solar collector’s efficiency change lags behind the solar radiation by 27 min; combined the lag time, the relationship between the modified thermal storage efficiency and solar radiation also were analysed; initially the modified storage efficiency per minute increases with the solar radiation, then gradually decrease after reach a certain value, due to the overall system temperature is higher and the system temperature rise is smaller when the solar radiation is large enough; the varying curve conforms to quadratic function. It provides theoretical support and practical reference for contrasting and evaluating the thermal storage efficiency changes with solar radiation in a smaller time scale.
Skylight Sizing based on balancing Daylighting Performance and Visual Comfort in Atrium Buildings
Authors: Li Jie , Chen Xueming , Ban Qichao , Yao Jiawei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
As one of the most traditional and ubiquitous elements in architecture, atrium design has remained an imperative topic. With the growing concerns of energy conversation, carbon emission, comfort, and well-being recently, atrium design optimization to match the new crises and demands becomes a big challenge. This study investigated the impact of atrium shapes and building heights to daylighting performance. It was found that round atrium performs the best, next is square, and the worst one is the rectangle. And the higher the buildings are, the worse the daylight performance is. To further guide design work, generic atrium design criteria from a view of balancing daylight performance and visual comfort was proposed. The more reliable and valid annual dynamic simulation methods and climate-based daylighting modeling metrics are adopted.
The Design of Sustainable Retrofitting Strategies and Energy-efficiency Optimization for Residential Buildings
Authors: Li Guopeng , Xu Yingqing , Fan Yue 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
There is a huge stock of existing residential buildings in China, with high energy consumption but low comfort, so it is of great significance to retrofit the residential buildings in order to enhance energy-efficiency of the buildings. In this paper, residential buildings, built between 1980 and 2000 in typical cities of the Northeast China, are defined as the research objects. This project tries to systematically put forward an applicable design method and an overall retrofitting plan of residential buildings. Dealing with the issues of the existing research on practical retrofitting of residential buildings in China, such as short of basic data and statistics, neglect of preliminary design planning and lack of guidance evaluation criteria, this project, based on the classification of residential building envelope system, builds a façade system information modelling database of residential buildings in typical cities of the Northeast China and abstracts a design prototype. Relying on the design prototype, Matrix method is used to organize, discover and edit the retrofit design strategies. BIM - EnergyPlus integrated technique is also introduced to evaluate and optimize the design strategies suitable for reference methods for realizing the sustainable retrofitting and energy efficiency optimization. The findings of this research will extend and improve the role and scientificity of architectural design in the retrofitting of residential buildings.
It’s not just power generation: The positive effect of building integrated photovoltaic design on architecture
Authors: Xiaolei A Ju , Yongfei B Lu , Junnan C Guo 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
From the perspective of solar photovoltaic power generation system and the building integration, studied the practical application and functionality of the PV tile, Aluminium Honeycomb panel PV Components, Vacuum Glass PV Components and FRP Board PV Components. Five positive effects of photovoltaic system on buildings are summarized: beautifying building facades, replacing original building components, upgrading or expanding the building use function, improving the building use comfort and improving the building energy saving effect.
The potential of phase change energy storage for office cooling load shifting
Authors: Cunha J P , Eames P C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An analysis of the performance of four cooling approaches to meet daytime office cooling requirements for an open plan office was undertaken using a finite-volume model implemented in Matlab. The four cooling approaches simulated were: a conventional HVAC system (A), using extra ventilation on demand (B), using cool night time air to charge a store with RT15 (C) and charging a store with RT8HC using night time off peak electricity (D). Charging the thermal store with cool night time air reduced the yearly cooling demand by 39% compared to the conventional HVAC cooling system. Mechanical ventilation on demand achieved a reduction of 34% compared to the same conventional system. Using off peak electricity to charge the PCM store achieved a reduction of 15%, and successfully shifted daily cooling demands into night time operation during spring and autumns months. Due to the high capital cost of the thermal stores, the lowest cost of energy was obtained using extra ventilation on demand, with a cost of 84.45£/MWh for an assumed 20-years of operation.
The analysis on applicability of hourly horizontal diffuse radiation estimation model of Shanghai Zone
Authors: Cao Qimeng , Yang Liu , Yu Ying 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
For shading design and energy consumption simulation, hourly diffuse radiation data is necessary. In order to estimate the total solar radiation on surfaces with different spatial orientations, the knowledge of all components on the horizontal plane is required. Available measured data is, however, typically less. The 2004-2013 year’s measured data of Shanghai were localized revising of three categories models, comparing the measured data and estimation data by the correlation coefficient and error index. The results show that the three types of models have high accuracy at higher solar altitude and the accuracy of multi parameter logistic function is best. For stations with only daily solar radiation data, the third types of models can be used to calculate hourly diffuse solar radiation.
Improvement of Airtightness for Lightweight Prefabricated Building Envelope through Optimized Design of Panel Joints
Authors: Lin Zhenghao , Song Yehao , Han Dongchen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Airtightness of building envelope is a key factor affecting the indoor comfort, air quality, structural durability and energy efficiency, especially for the lightweight prefabricated building systems aiming to achieve the nearly zero energy goals. For panelised systems, the air mainly leaks through the openings and panel joints. However, most current studies concentrate on the airtightness of the former ones, such as windows and doors, studies on joint design are relatively rare. As a result, this study firstly proposes two joint prototypes, the straight joints and the special-shaped joints, with various design parameters. Secondly, the air infiltration volume for different joints are simulated and calculated by the CFD method. Besides, the volume was further compared to find out the optimized joint design. Finally, the airtightness requirements of Passivhaus are used to evaluate the performance of the optimized tongue and groove joint with the conventional straight ones. The results prove that the well-designed joints deliver better airtightness especially for the high-performance standard buildings.
Relationship between thermal conductivity and adhesive distribution of phenol-formaldehyde visualized with x-ray computed tomography on sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) heartwood plywood
Authors: Ferrtikasari N , Tanaka T , Yamada M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The relationship of transverse thermal conductivity of non-resin region and resin-rich region in softwood plywood with various relative resin thicknesses in lumen of softwood has been determined theoritically. Futhermore, Interest in influence of adhesive penetration on adhesive bond performance and adhesive behavior has been evident by using microscopy technique and X-ray apparatus for several decades. Therefore, the relationship between thermal conductivity and adhesive distribution on softwood plywood product is needed to reveal as the development of material properties by visualizing X-ray CT apparatus. Micro Focus X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) was used to analyse the adhesive distribution of sugi heartwood plywood for different amount of glue spreading rates which were applied on the veneer surface. Four plywood samples (5-ply) were produced by spreading the phenol-formaldehyde resin adhesive on the veneer surface (dimension 450 mm× 450 mm× 3.81 mm) as much 0, 75, 150, and 225 g/m2 of glue spreading rates. All the veneer samples were conditioned 30 days under 20°C and 65% RH before plywood manufacturing. The veneer samples were dried at 60 temperature 60°C for 24 hours before pressing by cold press apparatus, the plywood samples were pressed (1 MPa) for 20 minutes and hot press apparatus at 125°C for 19 minutes. The analysis of thermal conductivity apparatus followed standards are JIS A 1412 and ASTM- C518. The plywood samples (dimension 200 mm× 200 mm ×thickness mm) in air dried condition were put on among plates of thermal conductivity apparatus for 40 minutes for each sample to obtain the thermal conductivity values. The results seemed to indicate that the thermal conductivity increases with increasing amount of glue spreading rates. By visualizing with the X-ray CT was revealed that the largest amount of glue spreading rate (225 g/m2) had the highest distribution of PF adhesive penetrated within the lathe checks of veneer sheet compared to 150, 75, and 0 g/m2. Furthermore, increasing of the adhesive distribution into the lathe checks of veneer increased the plywood density. According to the results, we suggested that the X-ray CT images analysis was powerful to reveal the relationship between the thermal conductivity and the adhesive distribution.
Thermal Properties of Isocyanate as Particleboard’s Adhesive
Authors: Nuryawan A , Alamsyah E M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal properties of isocyanate as particleboard adhesives. In this study, thermal properties of the isocyanate was investigated particularly its curing behavior either using water or wood with a temperature range from 25 to 500°C using thermal analyzer (Mettler Toledo). When isocyanate is used as the binder in particleboard system, the reactive –NCO group reacted with water (because wood is a hygroscopic material and contains free water and bound water) and also with the –OH group from wood. Sample of isocyanate was H3M purchased from PT. Polichemie Asia Pacific and wood particle was Eucalyptus sp. taken from PT. Toba Pulp Lestari. About 10 mg of the mixture either isocyanate with water or wood in various weight ratios were scanned at four different heating rates (2.5; 5; 10; and 20°C/min). Results of this study showed isocyanate cured either using water or moisture wood particle indicated by the Tp or peak temperature on the thermograms of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). However when isocyanate reacted with wood particle, the Tp emerged more than two which indicated isocyanate also reacted with wood components. Furthermore, values of enthalpy seemed irregular probably due to different structures and compositions of wood particle. This influence, however, was masked by the moisture present in the wood (free and bound water), because water was much easier to react with isocyanate than were the –OH within the wood particle. It was suggested to calculate activation energy since the heating rates used up to four and to understand whether water, wood particle, or both affected the main reaction mechanism among isocyanate, water within the wood (free and bound water), or wood components.
Study of Bee Forage Based on Bee Bread From 4 Species of Honeybees in Teaching Forest Hasanuddin University
Authors: Sadapotto A , Juniastuti  , Budiaman  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study was intend to know and to identify bee forage in bee bread from honeybee in Teaching forest Hasanuddin University. Study method used in this study was survey method and identification of plant species were done in Plantation Industry Laboratory. There were 2 stage of the study i.e. collecting sample of bee bread from 4 species of honeybee (Apis cerana, Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata and Trigona sp) and identification of pollen in Plantation Industry Laboratory. Study results indicate that there were 20 pollen species i.e. banana (Musa paradisiaca), papaya (Carica papaya), Mango (Mangifera indica) puteri malu (Mimosa pudica), eggplant (Solanum tovarum), sangitan (Sambucus javanica), water apple (Syzgium aqueum), candlenut (Aleurites moluccana), jatropha (Jatropha curcas), euphorbia (Ephorbia milii), guava (Psidium guajava), Acacia (Acacia mangium), sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), nusa indah (Mussaenda pubescens), chili (Capsicum annum), puspa (Schima wallichii), coconut (Cocos nucifera), corn (Zea mays), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and Piperaceae. The highesr bee bread from 4 species of honeybee pollen was sugarpalm (Arenga pinnata) with percentage 15,08%. The lowest bee bread was guava (Psidium guajava) with percentage 0,09%. The most pollen collecting was Trigona sp with 10 plant species.
Effect of Layer Structure on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Binderless Composite Plywood
Authors: Saad S , Yunianti A D , Suhasman S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Binderless composite plywood has been developed to produce formaldehyde-free composite product. Our previous research has shown that the application of oxidation treatment can be applied in the manufacture of composite plywood without adhesive. Presence of veneer in solid sheet are potentially to complicate in the oxidation process due to the reaction was very affected by accessibility of chemical component of raw materials. The main objective of this study was to determine characteristic of binderless composite plywood of Sengon wood. Variations in the physical and mechanichal properties with respect to veneer layer construction and oxidant composition of veneer and particle were analyzed.. Composite plywood were produced consist of various layers, they were 3, 5, and 7 layers means each type using 2, 3, and 4 veneers layers respectively. There were four oxidant composition between veneer and particles, namely 1 : 3, 1 : 4, 1 : 5 and 1 : 6. The results showed that the differences of composite plywood structure layers affect the characteristics of produced composite plywood. 7-layer structure and 1 : 3 of oxidant composition was the optimum combination to produce composite plywood with the best characteristics.