bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between CSR activity and sales growth in the UK retailing sector
Authors: Nyame-Asiamah Frank , Ghulam Sughra 
Published: May 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sales revenue of two retail companies (Marks & Spencer and Tesco) in the UK to understand how CSR activities can influence retail sales growth. Prior studies have used different theoretical and methodological approaches to report the relationships between CSR and financial performance generally as positive, negative, mixed or neutral, and these are yet to be conclusive.Design/methodology/approachClarifying the existing inconclusive results, the authors deduced donations, community work and environmental responsibility CSR activities from the literature and mapped them out onto sales revenue to formulate conceptual propositions. The authors extracted the corresponding data from the companies’ websites and financial reports, focusing on their 2006-2014 CSR and sales activities, and statistically analysed the longitudinal data with Pearson correlation coefficient.FindingsThe findings revealed positive correlations between donations and sales revenue for the two companies, which suggest that retailers’ philanthropic activities can boost sales levels overtime. Whereas the findings on the community work and the environmental-friendly activities relate either positively or negatively to sales revenue for the companies.Practical implicationsThere is an indication for retail managers to pursue philanthropic activities to effect sales growth. Retailers exhibiting features of Marks & Spencer can commit to community investment to increase revenue over time, whereas those showing features of Tesco can pledge environmental-friendly strategies to influence a stronger correlation between carbon emissions and sales revenue levels.Originality/valueThe outcomes support the extant findings that donations can improve retail sales performance, while community work and the environmental-friendly activities do not necessarily improve sales growth in the retail sector but suggest that retailers can exploit more of the ones that benefit their sales revenue levels. Theoretically, the study supports the stakeholder theory’s influence on firms’ obligation to charitable cause, community investment and environmental-friendly responsibility as CSR activities that make retailers morally responsible to their customers and society in general, whereas the sustainable development model was instrumental in retailers’ CSR activities relating to environmental protection.
Preventing compulsive shopping among young South-Africans and Germans
Authors: Duh Helen , Thorsten Teichert 
Published: May 2019

PurposeYoung consumers globally are susceptible to becoming compulsive shoppers. Having negative consequences and considering that compulsive shopping may originate from past family life experiences, this study aims to use human capital life-course and positive-activity theories to suggest a socio-psychological pathway for prevention. It also examined the mediating influence of happiness and money attitude.Design/methodology/approachUniversity students in South Africa (N= 171) and in Germany (N= 202) were surveyed. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to test relationships and multi-group analysis (MGA) assessed cross-cultural differences.FindingsEmotional family resources received during childhood positively impacted happiness at young adulthood, which was found to be a positive driver of budget money attitude. Budget money attitude in turn limited compulsive shopping for German young consumers but not for South Africans. Cross-cultural differences are also observed in mediating effects of happiness and budget money attitude.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on self-reported data from university students; this might limit the generalisability of findings.Social implicationsA positive relationship between happiness and desirable money attitude was confirmed. This study additionally contributes by showing that for South African and German young consumers, adequate childhood emotional family resources is a happiness’ driver. This thus exposes the multiplier effects of simple acts of showing love and attention to children and how these family emotional resources can progressively limit dysfunctional consumer behaviour in the future.Originality/valueUnlike complex psychotherapeutical and psychopharmacological treatments of compulsive buying that are being suggested, this study borrows from family, consumer and economic–psychological disciplines to suggest simple preventive measures.
Living in the suburbs: Space use by vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) in an eco‐estate, South Africa
Authors: Patterson Lindsay , Kalle Riddhika , Downs Colleen T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe examined vervet monkey (Chlorocebus pygerythrus) space use using GPS/UHF telemetry data from 10 vervet monkeys across six troops over 9 months within a 420 ha suburban eco‐estate. We documented a mean home range of 0.99 km2 (95% MCP) and 1.07 km2 (95% KDE) for females (n = 6), 1 km2 (95% MCP) and 1.50 km2 (95% KDE) for males (n = 4) and 0.87 km2 (95% MCP) and 1.12 km2 (95% KDE) for troops (n = 6), respectively, indicating that males and larger troops had larger home ranges. These relatively small home ranges included shared territorial boundaries and high home range overlap. Vervet monkey movements indicated higher morning activity levels, and habitat selection indicated significantly more use of golf course, urban residential and forest, thicket and woodland areas, and avoidance of wetland, grassland and shrub, and urban built‐up areas. Our results suggest that modified habitat use by vervet monkeys is a consequence of behavioural facilitation to access highly available food resources, thereby facilitating their persistence in green spaces in urban areas of South Africa. Conflict management is dependent on the conservation of sufficient natural habitats and food resources, to minimise their dependence on anthropogenic supplementary food resources and consequently reduce human–monkey conflict.
Are obstetric and gynaecological trainees in Australia and New Zealand adequately trained in the management of the infertile couple?
Authors: Robertson Phillipa , Pontré Jennifer , Tucker Paige , Hart Roger 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundIncreasingly, couples are seeking assistance to conceive. It is not clear whether obstetric and gynaecological trainees in Australia and New Zealand receive adequate training and exposure to infertility training.AimsTo determine the perspectives of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RANZCOG) trainees regarding their experience of infertility management during training, in order to better inform discussions of training in this area.Materials and MethodsRANZCOG trainees were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey containing 17 questions. Data collected included demographic details, training year, cumulative infertility experience as a trainee, and perspectives regarding infertility experience during training.ResultsOf the 191 RANZCOG trainees who participated in the study (25.7% response rate), the majority reported they had never had the opportunity to attend an infertility clinic as part of their training (53.2%). Lack of experience in infertility medicine was associated with a high dissatisfaction rate (89.8%).ConclusionsTrainees in Australia and New Zealand have limited access to infertility medicine during training with associated high dissatisfaction rates. Access to training in a private healthcare setting or the expansion of public in vitro fertilisation may improve trainees' experiences.
Ballot Reform as Suffrage Restriction: Evidence from Brazil's Second Republic
Authors: Gingerich Daniel W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFew innovations in democratic institutional design are considered as fundamental as the introduction of voting through the use of a uniform, official, and secret ballot. One account claims that the official ballot liberates dependent voters from the dictates of local elites, thereby enhancing democratic competition. Another argues that in contexts of widespread illiteracy, its adoption may be tantamount to a suffrage restriction. This article adjudicates between these views by drawing upon an original data set of municipal‐level voting returns from Brazil's Second Republic (1945–1964). The unique staggered rollout of the official ballot during this period permits one to assess its impact with unprecedented accuracy. The article finds that the primary consequence of ballot reform was suffrage restriction. Rather than liberating poor and dependent voters, the official ballot made it exceedingly difficult for these individuals to vote. Moreover, parliamentary debates indicate that this was an anticipated and intended effect of the reform.
Labor induction with misoprostol vaginal insert compared with dinoprostone vaginal insert
Authors: Maggi Claudia , Mazzoni Giorgia , Gerosa Vera , Fratelli Nicola , Prefumo Federico , Sartori Enrico , Lojacono Andrea 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionMisoprostol vaginal insert could lead to a significant reduction in the time to vaginal delivery, and an increase in the proportion of women achieving vaginal delivery, compared with dinoprostone vaginal insert. We compared the delivery outcomes of misoprostol 200 μg vaginal insert and dinoprostone 10 mg vaginal insert for induction of labor in women with an unfavorable cervix.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective observational study conducted on a cohort of 220 women with a Bishop score ≤4 admitted for induction of labor at a single institution. Of these, 109 (49.5%) received the misoprostol vaginal insert and 111 (50.5%) received the dinoprostone vaginal insert. The primary outcome was the vaginal delivery rate. Secondary outcomes were time from induction to vaginal delivery, time to any delivery mode, time from induction to the onset of active labor, oxytocin use, uterine tachysystole and need for tocolysis.ResultsThe vaginal delivery rate was 88% in the misoprostol insert group, compared with 74% in the dinoprostone insert group (P < 0.007). The average time from drug administration to the beginning of labor was shorter in the misoprostol compared with the dinoprostone group (855 min vs 1740 min, P < 0.0001). Also, the average time from administration to delivery was shorter for women receiving misoprostol compared with dinoprostone (1113 min vs 2150 min, P < 0.0001). The use of misoprostol reduced the need for oxytocin compared with dinoprostone (30.2% vs 43.2%, P = 0.046). Finally, compared with dinoprostone, the misoprostol insert was associated with more uterine tachysystole (38% vs 12%, P < 0.001), but the rate of tachysystole requiring tocolysis was not significantly different between the 2 groups (51.2% vs 46.1%, P = 0.1). Multivariate analysis showed that Bishop score and method of induction, but not maternal body mass index or gestational age at induction, were independently associated with mode of delivery.ConclusionsThe cesarean section rate was significantly lower in the misoprostol insert group. The use of misoprostol was also associated with reduced time to vaginal delivery and time to onset of active labor and with decreased use of oxytocin. Tachysystole was a frequent complication during induction of labor with the misoprostol insert.
Population pharmacokinetics of abacavir and lamivudine in severely malnourished human immunodeficiency virus‐infected children in relation to treatment outcomes
Authors: Archary Moherndran , Mcllleron Helen , Bobat Raziya , LaRussa Philip , Sibaya Thobekile , Wiesner Lubbe , Hennig Stefanie 
Published: May 2019

AimsDescribe the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the antiretroviral drugs abacavir and lamivudine in malnourished paediatric patients and relate to viral load outcomes after 12 and 48 weeks of treatment.MethodsSeverely malnourished human immunodeficiency virus‐infected children were randomized to early (within 14 days) or delayed (after nutritional recovery) initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) using World Health Organization weight‐band dosages. Abacavir and lamivudine concentrations were measured as a secondary objective on day 1 and day 14 and patients were followed‐up to week 48. Population PK of abacavir and lamivudine were described using NONMEM.ResultsIn total, 623 abacavir and 627 lamivudine concentrations were collected from 75 paediatric patients aged 0.1–10.8 (median 1.4) years. Abacavir PK was described by a 2‐compartment model, patients randomized to early ART showed increased bioavailability of 31%. Apparent clearance (CL/F, L/h/7 kg) of abacavir increased from day 1 to day 14 from 3.33 (95% confidence interval 2.71–4.12) to 5.86 (95% confidence interval 4.78–7.3). A 1‐compartment model described lamivudine PK, variability on CL/F was explained by maturation with age, with age at half‐matured CL/F being 4 months. For both drugs allometrically scaled total body weight was related to CL/F and apparent volume of distribution. PK exposure did not correlate with virological outcomes or death at 12 or 48 weeks.ConclusionIncreases in Abacavir's CL/F between day 1 to day 14, bioavailability and PK variability with early start of ART was found in this cohort of severely malnourished children; however, these changes did not influence virological outcomes. The study supports the use of weight‐band dosage tables.
Using computer‐based cognitive mapping to improve students' divergent thinking for creativity development
Authors: Sun Meng , Wang Minhong , Wegerif Rupert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCreativity is increasingly considered to be an important goal of education. While creativity can be influenced by many noncognitive factors (eg, personality and motivation), creative thinking remains the most important source of creativity. Creative thinking combines several cognitive processes leading to the generation and selection of new and useful ideas or solutions. Divergent thinking or the ability to generate a range of alternative ideas, is a necessary component of creative thinking. Research has explored cognitive strategies to activate divergent thinking. However, such strategies are often abstract and difficult to implement. This study proposes a computer‐based cognitive mapping approach to improving divergent thinking as a response to this challenge. The approach enables students to build a computer‐based cognitive map that can foster divergent thinking by associating unrelated concept, object or situation (COS), by decomposing a COS into rich details for viewing it from divergent perspectives, and by combining and changing COSs. A quasi‐experiment was conducted with high school students. The results have shown promising effects of the approach on improving students' performance and perceived competence in divergent thinking.Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topicDivergent thinking is an important part of the cognitive processes that may lead to creativity.Divergent thinking can be enhanced by training in cognitive strategies, but these strategies involve complex cognitive processes that are abstract and difficult to implement.Cognitive mapping can facilitate complex thinking and cognitive processes.What this paper addsThis study proposes a computer‐based cognitive mapping approach as a divergent thinking tool that may help students visualize the process of applying divergent thinking strategies (association, decomposition, and combination and adjustment) when performing creativity‐related tasks.The approach is effective in improving high school students' divergent thinking performance in terms of idea fluency, flexibility and originality, in addition to perceived competence in divergent thinking.Implications for practice and/or policyIt is important to provide learners with effective thinking tools that facilitate the complex cognitive processes of applying divergent thinking strategies.Divergent thinking processes can be facilitated by associating unrelated concept, object or situation (COS), by decomposing a COS into rich details for viewing it from divergent perspectives, and by combining and changing COSs.
Navigating the principle of open court in the digital age: The more things change, the more they stay the same
Authors: Puddister Kate , Small Tamara A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe belief that courts should be open to the public is a guiding principle of the Canadian legal system. This article examines the principle of open court in the digital age by analyzing policies governing live text‐based communication in Canadian courtrooms. We argue that courts have and have not responded to the changing digital landscape. While Canadian journalists have the ability to use live text‐based communication in courts, the general public does not despite new affordances provided to them by digital technologies. This article explores the tensions between administrative judicial independence, open court, and digital technology.
Trabecular bone score and bone remodelling markers identify perimenopausal women at high risk of bone loss
Authors: Gutierrez‐Buey Gala , Restituto Patricia , Botella Sonsoles , Monreal Ignacio , Colina Inmaculada , Rodríguez‐Fraile Macarena , Calleja Amparo , Varo Nerea 
Published: May 2019

AbstractContextBone loss is accelerated in the late perimenopause and early menopause. The date of the final menstrual period cannot be stated until 1 year after it has ended, and at that time, most of the rapid bone loss phase will have elapsed. Therefore, early detection of bone loss is crucial.ObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of bone turnover markers (BTM) to identify the women who are more likely to lose more bone mass during the transition to menopause and quantify the loss of bone quality measured by trabecular bone score (TBS).Design, patients and settingSixty‐four healthy premenopausal women, mean age between 44 and 57 years old, were enrolled and followed up for 5 years. Clinical features, lifestyle, bone densitometry, TBS and BTM (CTX, P1NP and osteocalcin) were measured at baseline and follow‐up.ResultsAll women had densitometrically normal bone at the time of enrolment. After 5 years, 48.4% had normal bone mineral density, 45.8% low bone mass and 6.3% osteoporosis. Women with osteopenia/osteoporosis at follow‐up had higher CTX and P1NP at enrolment compared with women with densitometrically normal bone. The areas under the curve for the prediction of low bone mass or osteoporosis were 0.69 (P = 0.011) for P1NP, 0.69 for CTX (P = 0.013) and 0.77 (P 0.001) for OC. A significant correlation was found between P1NP increase after 5 years and the decrease in lumbar bone density (r = −0.383, P = 0.002). At baseline, 7 (10.9%) women had deteriorated microarchitecture (TBS < 1.3). Three of these women developed osteoporosis and four osteopenia at follow‐up.ConclusionsWomen with higher P1NP and CTX and lower TBS at baseline had lower BMD in the transition to menopause suggesting these novel tools could have potential use in identifying women at high risk of rapidly decreasing bone mass.
Exploring training dental implant placement using computer‐guided implant navigation system for predoctoral students: A pilot study
Authors: Golob Deeb Janina , Bencharit Sompop , Carrico Caroline K. , Lukic Marija , Hawkins Daniel , Rener‐Sitar Ksenija , Deeb George R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionRecent computer‐guided dynamic navigation systems promise a novel training approach for implant surgery. This study aimed to examine learning progress in placement of dental implants among dental students using dynamic navigation on a simulation model.Materials and MethodsSenior students with no implant placement experience were randomly assigned five implant placement attempts involving either three maxillary or four mandibular implants distributed in the anterior/posterior, and left/right segments. Implant placement was planned using a Navident Dynamic Guidance system. Surgical time was recorded. Horizontal, vertical and angulation discrepancies between the planned and placed implant positions were measured using superimposed CBCT scans. Data were analysed with repeated measures regression with Tukey's adjusted pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsFourteen students participated, with a mean age of 26.1 years and equal males and females. Mean time for implant placement was associated with attempt number (P < 0.001), implant site (P = 0.010) and marginally related to gender (P = 0.061). Students had a significant reduction in time from their first attempt to their second (10.6 vs 7.6 minutes; adjusted P < 0.001) then plateaued. Overall 3D angulation (P < 0.001) and 2D vertical apex deviation (P = 0.014) improved with each attempt, but changes in lateral 2D (P = 0.513) and overall 3D apex deviations (P = 0.784) were not statistically significant. Implant sites were associated with lateral 2D, 2D vertical and overall 3D apex deviation (P < 0.001).DiscussionMales were marginally faster than females, had slightly lower overall 3D angulation, and reported higher proficiency with video games. Novice operators improved significantly in speed and angulation deviation within the first three attempts of placing implants using dynamic navigation.ConclusionComputer‐aided dynamic implant navigation systems can improve implant surgical training in novice population.
Teachers and researchers in collaboration. A possibility to overcome the research‐practice gap?
Authors: Runesson Kempe Ulla 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTaking as its point of departure the discussion about the disconnection between research and practice, this article presents learning study as a research approach to overcoming this gap. Learning study has commonalities with design research and lesson study, but is a teacher‐researcher collaboration where both have a common object of research. Thus, it is research with teachers, rather than on teachers and focuses on constructing knowledge concerning objects of learning as well as teaching‐learning relationships. The focus of the research collaboration is professional problems related to the object of learning that teachers encounter in their everyday practice. The process is guided by a theory of learning and pedagogy—the variation theory. The knowledge product of learning study is a theoretical description of what must be learned in order to develop a specific capability. Examples of knowledge contributions from learning study are given and it is suggested that such knowledge can be considered to be public knowledge that can be shared, used and developed by other teachers in other contexts. Furthermore, it is suggested that there are specific features of learning study that make it a research approach that may strengthen connections between research and practice.