bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of olfactory impairment for cognitive decline among cognitively normal adults
Authors: Windon Melina J. , Kim Sun Joo , Oh Esther S. , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveDementia affects over 47 million people worldwide. Olfactory impairment (OI) is a well‐established predictive marker of conversion to dementia among those with mild cognitive impairment. This systematic review aims to describe the predictive value of OI for future cognitive decline among cognitively normal adults.MethodsA literature search encompassing PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for longitudinal cohort studies following cognitively normal adults with baseline OI in comparison to those without OI reporting incident cognitive impairment or dementia was included. Study design, participant demographics, olfactory testing method, and incidence of cognitive decline or dementia were abstracted. Two investigators independently reviewed all articles.ResultsThe search yielded 964 nonduplicate abstracts and titles, from which 19 full‐text articles were reviewed and 10 were included. Studies included were all good quality (mean score 8.7 of 9), and all studies (100%) found a statistically significant association between baseline OI and incident cognitive decline compared with normosmic controls.ConclusionThe existing literature suggests that OI predicts future cognitive decline among cognitively normal adults, supporting olfactory evaluation as a low‐cost, minimally invasive, and widely available screening tool to be used in combination with other tests to identify adults at early risk of dementia.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:840–847, 2020
Full‐length 16S rRNA gene classification of Atlantic salmon bacteria and effects of using different 16S variable regions on community structure analysis
Authors: Klemetsen Terje , Willassen Nils Peder , Karlsen Christian René 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding fish‐microbial relationships may be of great value for fish producers as fish growth, development and welfare are influenced by the microbial community associated with the rearing systems and fish surfaces. Accurate methods to generate and analyze these microbial communities would be an important tool to help improve understanding of microbial effects in the industry. In this study, we performed taxonomic classification and determination of operational taxonomic units on Atlantic salmon microbiota by taking advantage of full‐length 16S rRNA gene sequences. Skin mucus was dominated by the genera Flavobacterium and Psychrobacter. Intestinal samples were dominated by the genera Carnobacterium, Aeromonas, Mycoplasma and by sequences assigned to the order Clostridiales. Applying Sanger sequencing on the full‐length bacterial 16S rRNA gene from the pool of 46 isolates obtained in this study showed a clear assignment of the PacBio full‐length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences down to the genus level. One of the bottlenecks in comparing microbial profiles is that different studies use different 16S rRNA gene regions. Comparisons of sequence assignments between full‐length and in silico derived variable 16S rRNA gene regions showed different microbial profiles with variable effects between phylogenetic groups and taxonomic ranks.
TERT gene polymorphisms are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk in the Chinese Li population
Authors: Ding Yipeng , Li Quanni , Wu Cibing , Wang Wei , Zhao Jie , Feng Qiong , Zhou Xiaoman , Xie Yufei , Lin Mei , He Ping , Xie Pingdong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is characterized by a partially reversible airflow limitation. Currently, many studies put forward that COPD is associated with both genetic and environmental factors. It has been reported that germline mutations in telomerase are risk factors for COPD susceptibility. In this study, we validated the association between TERT polymorphisms and COPD risk with a case–control study in the Chinese Li population.MethodsA total of 279 COPD patients and 290 control individuals were recruited. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TERT that were associated with COPD. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in logistic regression models after adjusting for age and gender to assess the association.ResultsIn the genetic model analysis, we found the “C/T‐T/T” genotype of rs10069690 in TERT was associated with an increased COPD risk in the dominant model (p = 0.046); the rs2853677 in TERT was significantly associated with increased COPD risk based on the codominant model (“A/G” genotype, p = 0.033), dominant model (A/G‐G/G genotype, p = 0.0091), and log‐additive model (p = 0.023). The rs2853676 in TERT could increase the risk of COPD in the dominant model (“C/T‐T/T” genotype, p = 0.026) and in the Log‐additive model (p = 0.022).ConclusionOur data shed new light on the association between TERT SNPs and COPD susceptibility in the Chinese Li population.
Selective Proteolysis of α‐Lactalbumin by Endogenous Enzymes of Human Milk at Acidic pH
Authors: Gan Junai , Zheng Jingyuan , Krishnakumar Nithya , Goonatilleke Elisha , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Barile Daniela , German J. Bruce 
Published: July 2019

ScopeThe use of human milk products is increasing for high‐risk infants. Human milk contains endogenous enzymes that comprise a dynamic proteolytic system, yet biological properties of these enzymes and their activities in response to variations including pH within infants are unclear. Human milk has a neutral pH around 7, while infant gastric pH varies from 2 to 6 depending on individual conditions. This study is designed to determine the specificity of enzyme–substrate interactions in human milk as a function of pH.Methods and resultsEndogenous proteolysis is characterized by incubating freshly expressed human milk at physiologically relevant pH ranging from 2 to 7 without the addition of exogenous enzymes. Results show that the effects of pH on endogenous proteolysis in human milk are protein‐specific. Further, specific interactions between cathepsin D and α‐lactalbumin are confirmed. The endogenous enzyme cathepsin D in human milk cleaves α‐lactalbumin as the milk pH shifts from 7 to 3.ConclusionsThis study documents that selective proteolysis activated by pH shift is a mechanism for dynamic interactions between human milk and the infant. Controlled proteolysis can guide the use of human milk products based on individual circumstance.
Smoking as risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome: A birth cohort study
Authors: Hulkkonen Sina , Auvinen Juha , Miettunen Jouko , Karppinen Jaro , Ryhänen Jorma 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to determine whether maternal smoking and offspring's own smoking affect the offspring's risk for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodThe study sample consisted of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (N = 8703). Information on maternal smoking was collected from the participants’ mothers. At 31 years, information on smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status, and long‐term illnesses were collected, combined with data of CTS diagnoses from the Care Register for Health Care (1997–2016).ResultsMaternal smoking was not associated with increased risk of CTS in offspring. Before the age of 31 years, smoking ≤10 pack years (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–2.15) and >10 pack years (HR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.20–3.01) among women, and >10 pack years (HR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.14–3.12) among men was associated with CTS compared with nonsmokers.ConclusionsIn this birth cohort, offsprings’ own smoking was associated with CTS; however, maternal smoking was not.
Glutamine in Burn Injury
Authors: Wischmeyer Paul E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBurn injury is the most devastating of survivable injuries and is a worldwide public health crisis. Burn injury is among the most severe metabolic stresses a patient can sustain. A major burn leads to an inflammatory response and catabolism that, when compounded by burn wound nutrient losses, can lead to severe nutrition losses and deficiencies. These losses can impair immune function and wound healing and place burn patients at high risk for organ injury and mortality. Experimental data indicate glutamine (GLN) is well positioned mechanistically, perhaps above and beyond in any other intensive care unit setting, to improve outcome in burn‐injured patients. Initial clinical trial data have also shown a consistent signal of reduced mortality and reduced hospital length of stay in burn‐injured subjects, without signals of clinical risk. A number of GLN clinical trials demonstrate significant reductions of gram‐negative bacteremia in burn injury, perhaps via maintenance of the gut barrier or gut immune function. Current societal recommendations continue to suggest the use of GLN in burn injury. The promising clinical data in burn‐injured patients, with no signals of harm, have warranted study of GLN in the definitive RE‐ENERGIZE trial, which is now ongoing.
Increased Needs for Copper in Parenteral Nutrition for Children in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit With an Ostomy
Authors: Adler Andrea , Worley Sarah , Radhakrishnan Kadakkal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCopper (Cu) is an essential trace element, with deficiency causing anemia, neutropenia, and other abnormalities. Cu is mainly absorbed in the small intestine. Patients with intestinal failure or jejunostomy have increased Cu losses and require additional Cu supplementation in parenteral nutrition (PN). The American Society for Clinical Nutrition standards for trace element recommendations in PN, including Cu, were created in 1988, and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition currently follows the same recommendations.MethodsPatients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for surgical intervention resulting in an ostomy (ileal or jejunal) were included in this retrospective study. Patients received PN support with Cu dosed individually, rather than in a multi‐trace element package. Cu and ostomy output were analyzed daily. Serum Cu was obtained 2 months postsurgical intervention.ResultsOut of the 7 patients enrolled, 71% had low serum Cu. Weekly mean Cu intake for all 7 patients ranged from 5.3 to 154.8 μg/kg/day from enteral and parenteral sources, with individual mean weekly Cu intake ranging from 18.9 to 74.4 μg/kg/day from surgical intervention to 2 months post‐surgery. Patients’ weekly ostomy outputs ranged from 0 mL/kg/day to 77.2 mL/kg/day, with individual mean weekly output ranging from 3.7 to 41.6 mL/kg/day.ConclusionProviding 20 μg/kg/day of Cu in PN to neonates with ostomies is insufficient to prevent Cu deficiency. Further studies are warranted to determine an optimal dosage of parenteral Cu to prevent Cu deficiency.
Efficient allocation of elastic interfederation encrypted streaming sessions
Authors: Xavier Rafael , Granville Lisandro Zambenedetti , De Turck Filip , Volckaert Bruno 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAudio and video (A/V) collaboration platforms often use Internet cloud technologies to ensure elasticity. They generally operate on a best‐effort basis, without quality or delivery guarantees. However, such guarantees are a premise of business‐focused platforms, which often rely on static/dedicated infrastructure and hardware‐based components. This article presents results obtained in the final stage of the Elastic Media Distribution (EMD) project, which targets the migration of a business‐focused hardware‐based A/V collaboration tool towards a more elastic, reliable, and secure cloud‐based model. The use case under investigation is an educational scenario: teachers and students located at distributed sites collaborate under different data encryption policies. An existing model of collaboration streaming is extended to accommodate encryption‐enabled streaming components, and new resource allocation heuristics are proposed to deploy these components under stringent service level agreement (SLA) constraints. An extended version of our evaluation framework, based on the CloudSim simulator, manages encryption‐enabled components. A resource usage dataset was obtained by prototyping selected streaming components and evaluating their performance on the Virtual Wall large‐scale test bed. This dataset is fed into the extended simulation framework. Simulation results show longer than expected delays when loading streaming components, an issue that jeopardises the user experience that can be alleviated by the algorithms proposed in this article. Results show that the proposed algorithms enable policy‐based secured communications under bandwidth and virtual machine (VM) cost increases of 48% and 23%, respectively, if compared with a nonencrypted previous solution, and with set‐up times remaining under the required 2‐second deadline.
Sibship and dispensing patterns of asthma medication in young children—a population‐based study
Authors: Dahlén Elin , Ekberg Sara , Lundholm Cecilia , Jonsson Eva Wikström , Kull Inger , Wettermark Björn , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeOur aim was to study the association between sibship and dispensing patterns of asthma medication in young children, focusing on incidence and persistence, and taking sibship status, asthma diagnoses, and siblings' medication into account.MethodsA register‐based cohort study including all children (n = 50 546) born in Stockholm, Sweden 2006 to 2007, followed up during 2006 to 2014. Exposure was sibling status; outcome was incidence of dispensed asthma medication and persistence over time. A Cox model was used to study the association between sibship and asthma medication. Persistence was defined using two different time windows (4 and 18 months) in a refill sequence model including siblings' and unrelated control children's medication.ResultsAfter 1 year of age, the adjusted hazard ratio of dispensed asthma medication was 0.85 (95% CI 0.80‐0.90) among children with siblings compared with singletons. The estimated proportion of children with persistent controller medication was 7.2% (4‐month model) and 64.5% (18‐month model). When including the siblings' controller medication, the estimated proportion was 8.8% (4 months) and 7.8% for control children (relative risk (RR) 0.89, 95% CI 0.81‐0.98). The persistence was lower for those with siblings compared with singletons (adj. RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62‐0.85 for 4 months) with similar estimates for older, younger, and full siblings and regardless of asthma diagnoses.ConclusionsSiblings have different dispensing patterns of asthma medications compared with singletons regardless of asthma diagnoses. After including the siblings' asthma medication and compared with control children, the proportion of children with persistent medication increased which may indicate that siblings share asthma medications.
Teachers’ role and attitudes concerning ADHD medication: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Sluiter Maruschka N. , Wienen Albert W. , Thoutenhoofd Ernst D. , Doornenbal Jeannette M. , Batstra Laura 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe increased use of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication by children has led to growing concerns. In a previous study, we found that many of the teachers that were interviewed about ADHD spontaneously associated ADHD with medication. The present study is a qualitative reanalysis of what precisely these 30 primary school teachers had spontaneously said about medication in our previous semi‐structured interviews on ADHD. Almost all respondents had experience with pupils taking ADHD medication. The majority of spontaneously mentions medication as the treatment of ADHD. Attitudes towards ADHD medication use by pupils are mainly ambivalent, but more positive than negative effects of medication are reported. However, what teachers say about ADHD medication is often not based on sound information; their attitudes tend to be formed by personal experiences rather than founded on professional and scientific sources. We conclude from our analysis that it will be in the interest of reducing the number of children on ADHD medication that teachers have good access to verified and up‐to‐date information on ADHD and medication so that they are better supported in making evidence‐based pedagogical judgments.
Anisotropic atomic layer etching of W using fluorine radicals/oxygen ion beam
Authors: Kim Doo San , Kim Ju Eun , Lee Won Oh , Park Jin Woo , Gill You Jung , Jeong Byeong Hwa , Yeom Geun Young 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAtomic layer etching (ALE) has advantages such as precise thickness control, high etch selectivity, and no‐increase in surface roughness which can be applied to sub 10 nm semiconductor device fabrication. In this study, anisotropic ALE of tungsten (W), which is used as an interconnect layer and gate material of semiconductor devices, was investigated by sequentially exposing to F radicals by NF3 plasma to form a WFy layer and following exposure to an oxygen ion beam to remove the WFy layer by forming volatile WOxFy at room temperature. A wide ALE window of F radical adsorption time of ( ≥ 10 s/cycle) and Ox+ ion desorption time of (10 ≤ t ≤ 50 s/cycle at + 44–51 eV of Ox+ ion energy) could be identified, and at the ALE conditions, a precise etch rate of ~2.6 Å/cycle was obtained while increasing the W etch depth linearly with increasing the number of etch cycles. At the optimized W ALE conditions, the W surface roughness after the W ALE was similar to the as‐received W and the etch selectivity over SiO2 was close to infinite. However, after the W ALE, ~ 10% F diffused into W was observed on the etched W surface, and which could be removed by a following process.
Assessing the need for adenotonsillectomy for sleep‐disordered breathing in a community setting: A secondary outcome measures analysis of a randomized controlled study
Authors: Papadakis Chariton E. , Chaidas Konstantinos , Chimona Theognosia S. , Zisoglou Maria , Ladias Alexandros , Proimos Efklidis K. , Miligkos Michael , Kaditis Athanasios G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether children with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) symptom severity above a certain level, measured by a validated questionnaire, improve after adenotonsillectomy (AT) compared to no intervention.MethodsChildren with snoring and tonsillar hypertrophy (4 to 10‐years old), who were candidates for AT, were randomly assigned to two evaluation sequences (baseline and 3‐month follow‐up): (a) evaluation immediately before AT and at 3 months postoperatively (AT group); or (b) evaluation at the initial visit and at the end of the usual 3‐month waiting period for surgery (control group). Outcomes were (a) Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire sleep‐related breathing disorder scale (PSQ‐SRBD); (b) modified Epworth Sleepiness Scale (mESS); and (c) proportion of subjects achieving PSQ‐SRBD <0.33 (low‐risk for apnea‐hypopnea index ≥5/h) if they had score ≥0.33 at baseline.ResultsSixty‐eight children were assigned to the AT and 72 to the control group and two‐thirds of them had PSQ‐SRBD ≥0.33. The AT group experienced significantly larger improvement between follow‐up and baseline than controls (between‐group difference [95% CI] for PSQ‐SRBD: −0.31 [−0.35 to −0.27]; and mESS: −2.76 [−3.63 to −1.90]; P < .001 for both). Children with baseline PSQ‐SRBD ≥0.33 in the AT group had an eight‐times higher probability of achieving PSQ‐SRBD <0.33 at follow‐up than controls with similar baseline score (risk ratio [95% CI]: 8.33 [3.92‐17.54]; P < .001).ConclusionAmong children with snoring, tonsillar hypertrophy, and clinical indications for AT, those with preoperative PSQ‐SRBD score ≥0.33 show measurable clinical benefit postoperatively.
ProtDCal‐Suite: A web server for the numerical codification and functional analysis of proteins
Authors: Romero‐Molina Sandra , Ruiz‐Blanco Yasser B. , Green James R. , Sanchez‐Garcia Elsa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComputational tools for the analysis of protein data and the prediction of biological properties are essential in life sciences and biomedical research. Here, we introduce ProtDCal‐Suite, a web server comprising a set of machine learning‐based methods for studying proteins. The main module of ProtDCal‐Suite is the ProtDCal software. ProtDCal translates the structural information of proteins into numerical descriptors that serve as input to machine‐learning techniques. The ProtDCal‐Suite server also incorporates a post‐processing optional stage that allows ranking and filtering the obtained descriptors by computing their Shannon entropy values across the input set of proteins. ProtDCal's codification was used in the development of models for the prediction of specific protein properties. Thus, the other modules of ProtDCal‐Suite are protein analysis tools implemented using ProtDCal's descriptors. Among them are PPI‐Detect, for predicting the interaction likelihood of protein–protein and protein–peptide pairs, Enzyme Identifier, for identifying enzymes from amino acid sequences or 3D structures, and Pred‐NGlyco, for predicting N‐glycosylation sites. ProtDCal‐Suite is freely accessible at https://protdcal.zmb.uni‐due.de.
Chemical composition and larvicidal activity against Aedes mosquitoes of essential oils from Arisaema fargesii
Authors: Huang Yuting , Lin Mengya , Jia Mengmeng , Hu Junpeng , Zhu Liang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDDengue fever is caused by the spread of dengue virus by Aedes mosquito vectors. Currently, the most effective way to control dengue is by preventing mosquitoes from spreading the disease. Arisaema fargesii is a Chinese herbal medicine commonly used to repel mosquitoes. In our laboratory, anti‐mosquito chemical components were extracted from A. fargesii, and the effects of these substances on mosquito larvae were examined.RESULTSIn total, 48 compounds corresponding to 98.79% of the total oil were identified and the major compounds identified were linalool (12.38%), carvacrol (8.27%), eugenol (5.21%), and β‐selinene (5.36%). Essential oil had larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus with LC50 values of 40.49 mg/L, 47.01 mg/L, respectively. The LC50 values of carvacrol, eugenol, linalool and β‐selinene were 32.78, 56.34, 70.56, 136.03 mg/L against Ae. aegypti larvae, and 39.08, 52.07, 82.34, 151.74 mg/L, respectively, against Ae. albopictus larvae. Biochemical assays of Aedes larvae showed that the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), monooxygenases (MO), glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST), p‐Nitrophenyl acetate (p‐NPA) esterase, α‐esterase and β‐esterase were significantly affected by carvacrol. Essential oil induced the detoxification mechanism for the action of GST and MO.CONCLUSIONThe result indicates that essential oil of A. fargesii and its isolated constituent have good inhibitory effects on the defense enzymes of Aedes mosquito larvae. A. fargesii essential oil can be used to control Aedes mosquito larvae to prevent the spread of dengue fever. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A general dissipativity constraint for feedback system design, with emphasis on MPC
Authors: Tran Tri , Maciejowski Jan , Ling K‐V. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryA “general dissipativity constraint” (GDC) is introduced to facilitate the design of stable feedback systems. A primary application is to MPC controllers when it is preferred to avoid the use of “stabilising ingredients” such as terminal constraint sets or long prediction horizons. Some very general convergence results are proved under mild conditions. The use of quadratic functions, replacing GDC by “quadratic dissipativity constraint” (QDC), is introduced to allow implementation using linear matrix inequalities. The use of QDC is illustrated for several scenarios: state feedback for a linear time‐invariant system, MPC of a linear system, MPC of an input‐affine system, and MPC with persistent disturbances. The stability that is guaranteed by GDC is weaker than Lyapunov stability, being “Lagrange stability plus convergence.” Input‐to‐state stability is obtained if the control law is continuous in the state. An example involving an open‐loop unstable helicopter illustrates the efficacy of the approach in practice.