bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using stable oxygen isotope dual‐inlet isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry to elucidate uranium transport and mixed 230Th/U calcite formation ages at the seminal Devils Hole, Nevada, natural laboratory
Authors: Coplen Tyler B. , Seal Robert R. , Reid Lauren T. , Jordan James A. , Mumford Adam C. 
Published: November 2024

RationaleVein calcite in Devils Hole has been precipitating continuously in oxygen‐isotope equilibrium at a constant temperature for over 500 000 years, providing an unmatched δ18O paleoclimate time series. A substantial issue is that coeval calcite (based on matching δ18O values) has uranium‐series ages differing by 12 000 years.MethodsAn unparalleled high‐accuracy δ18O chronology series from continuously submerged calcite was used to correct the published uranium‐series ages of non‐continuously formed calcite in two cores, cyclically exposed by water‐table decline during glacial–interglacial transitions. This method relies on the premise that the δ18O values of coevally precipitated calcite are identical, allowing matching calcite δ18O values to establish formation ages.ResultsExposed calcite can have apparent ages that are 12 000 years too young due to unrecognized uranium mobility and resulting mixed ages identified in over 50 mixed uranium‐series ages from previous studies. Secondary uranium in fluids, sourced from the formation or dissolution of porous carbonate deposits (folia) with high uranium‐238 (238U) concentrations, has migrated up to 10 mm into vein calcite.ConclusionsThe continuously submerged Devils Hole δ18O chronology is not explained by orbital forcing. Rather, this chronology represents a regional climate record in the southern Great Basin of sea‐surface‐temperature (SST) variations off California, variations that preceded the last and penultimate deglaciations by 5000 to approximately 10 000 years. Temporal discrepancies between the continuously submerged Devils Hole chronology and other regional δ18O records (e.g., the Leviathan chronology) can be explained by unrecognized cryptic, pernicious uranium mobility, leading to model estimations that may be thousands of years younger than actual ages. Consequently, paleo‐moisture availability, water‐table, and groundwater recharge models based on these mixed uranium‐series ages are too young by as much as 12 000 years. The potential for post‐formation uranium addition in subaerial cores and speleothems underscores the need for caution in uranium‐series dating, highlighting δ18O time‐series comparisons as a method for identifying mixed ages.
Validation of an Augmented Reality Based Functional Method to Determine and Render the Hip Rotation Centre During Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Neuville Quentin , Frantz Taylor , Van Gestel Frederick , Janssen Bart , Vandemeulebroucke Jef , Duerinck Johnny , Scheerlinck Thierry 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe present a method to determine and visualise the functional centre of rotation (FCOR) of the hip during total hip arthroplasty using an augmented reality head mounted display (AR‐HMD).MethodsWe developed software allowing a HoloLens to provide inside‐out infrared tracking of markers affixed to cadaver femurs and 3D printed acetabuli. Two observers rotated 20 cadaver femurs twice in a matching cup, producing 80 measurements. The FCOR of the acetabulum and femoral head was determined based on the point cloud generated from the displacement of the femoral trackers to the acetabular tracker.ResultsCompared to the ground truth, the FCOR resulted in an absolute error of 2.9 ± 1.4 mm for the acetabulum and 2.9 ± 1.2 mm for the femur, with 95th percentiles below 5.6 and 4.7 mm.ConclusionThe proposed AR‐HMD system offers an accurate and reproducible way to determine the femoral and acetabular FCOR in an experimental setting.
Literacy in the Time of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kalantzis Mary , Cope Bill 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe latest mutation of Artificial Intelligence, Generative AI, is more than anything a technology of writing. It is a machine that can write. In a world‐historical frame, the significance of this cannot be understated. This is a technology in which the unnatural language of code tangles with the natural language of everyday life. Its form of writing, moreover, is multimodal, able not only to write text as conventionally understood, but also to “read” images by matching textual labels and to “write” images from textual prompts. Within the scope of this peculiarly mechanical manufacturing of writing are mathematics, actionable software procedure, and algorithm. This paper explores the consequences of Generative AI for literacy teaching and learning. In its first part, we speak theoretically and historically, suggesting that this development is perhaps as momentous for society and education as Pi Sheng's invention of moveable type and Gutenberg's printing press—and in its peculiar ways just as problematic. In the paper's second part, we go on to propose that literacy in the time of AI requires a new way to speak about itself, a revised “grammar” of sorts. In a third part, we discuss an experimental application we have developed that puts Generative AI to work in support of literacy and learning. We end with some findings and implications for literacy education and with a proposal for what we will call cyber‐social literacy learning.
Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by Multimetallic 2D MOF‐Co/Cu/Fe
Authors: Han Hui , Cui He , Wang Jiabo , Ge Kai , Yang Yongfang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, 2D multimetallic MOFs combined with the advantages of 2D nanosheets, with the synergetic effect of multimetallic nodes, exhibited good photocatalytic activity for reduction of CO2. Herein, a 2D MOF‐Co/Cu/Fe were successfully prepared via one‐pot stirring of the solutions of multimetal salts and organic ligands at room temperature. Introduction of the second and third metal (Cu and Fe) into MOF‐Co does not change the 2D morphology of MOFs, although it improved the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance by broadening the light absorption range of 2D MOF‐Co, accelerating the separation efficiency and transfer rate of photogenerated carriers. Upon irradiation with full‐spectrum light, the average CO yield of 2D MOF‐Co/Cu/Fe achieved 17.06 µmol·g−1·h−1, being about 1.8 and 1.2 times that of 2D MOF‐Co and 2D MOF‐Co/Cu. This work provides an insight into 2D multimetallic MOFs‐based photocatalysts in catalytic CO2 reduction.
A Dual‐Mode Electrochemical Aptasensor for Ultrasensitive Detecting Acetamiprid Based on Hollow Porous Fe2O3 Cubes
Authors: Cheng Jing , Liu Hanbiao , Liu Jianhui , Yi Jiangle , Zhou Changli , Tian Dong , Xia Fangquan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAcetamiprid, a widely utilized pesticide, poses risks to human health due to the bioaccumulation of its residues. Detecting pesticide residues is crucial for effective pesticide management. To enhance the sensitivity and accuracy of pesticide detection, researchers have developed dual‐mode sensors that allow for mutual validation of the two signals. In this paper, a dual‐mode electrochemical sensor for detecting acetamiprid was constructed using H2O2 and methylene blue (MB) as probes. The electrochemical signal of MB was measured using square wave voltammetry (SWV) mode, followed by the detection of the reduction signal of H2O2 in amperometric i‐t curve (i‐t) mode. The two signals complemented each other, thereby reducing errors and enhancing measurement accuracy. Additionally, hollow porous Fe2O3 cubes were synthesized to catalyze the reduction of H2O2 to enhance mass transfer rates. The detection limit in SWV mode was 0.034 pM (S/N = 3), with a linear equation represented as ΔI = 5.39lgc‐33.80 (R2 = 0.99) within the concentration range of 0.1 pM to 0 .1µM. The detection limit in i‐t mode was 0.38 nM (S/N = 3), with a linear equation expressed as ΔI = ‐7.26lgc‐77.20 (R2 = 0.99) within the concentration range of 0.1 nM to 0.1 µM. This dual‐mode electrochemical sensor offers a promising approach for detecting pesticide residues.
Nitrobenzene and Aniline‐Mediated Direct Olefination of Methyl Substituted N‐Heteroarenes With Benzylic Alcohols
Authors: Dong Chunping , Mei Xin , Hu Caijuan , Du Xiaojiao , Li Jian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetal‐free, strong‐base‐free, and solvent‐free synthesis of alkenyl heteroarenes through PhNO2/PhNH2 mediated direct olefination of methyl substituted N‐heteroarenes with benzylic alcohols was described. Detailed mechanistic studies indicated that in situ formed imine was the active intermediate for the olefination. PhNO2 protected benzylic alcohols from overoxidation, and PhNH2 not only acted as the coupling partner for the formation of intermediate imine, but also provides an alkaline condition for the generation of enamine salt. Gram scale reaction and the synthesis of three pharmaceutically relevant conjugated olefins were also successful using this methodology.
Chronic stress and hair cortisol concentration in mothers: A two‐study investigation
Authors: Rinne Gabrielle R. , Guardino Christine M. , Soriano Metzy , Dunkel Schetter Christine 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDysregulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis is one mechanism through which chronic stress during pregnancy and parenthood may affect parental, child, and family health. Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) may be well‐suited to elucidate associations between chronic stress and HPA axis regulation because HCC reflects cortisol output over several months. However, most previous studies that examine chronic stress in conjunction with cortisol in pregnant individuals or mothers use measures that reflect HPA axis output over a relatively limited time. We report findings from two longitudinal studies that tested associations between chronic stress and HCC in women during the perinatal period (Study 1; n = 144) and mothers of young children (Study 2; n = 102). Both studies measured chronic stress with a measure developed to comprehensively assess chronic stressors in community samples. Hair samples were collected three times in Study 1 (mid‐pregnancy, one month postpartum, and 12 months postpartum) and twice in Study 2, approximately one year apart. Chronic stress was associated with higher HCC in both studies. Exploratory analyses indicated that the strength of associations between chronic stress and HCC differed as a function of the life domain of chronic stress. Chronic work and family demands were associated with higher postpartum HCC in Study 1 whereas neighbourhood/housing and discrimination chronic stress were associated with higher HCC in Study 2. These findings provide evidence of a biological pathway through which chronic stress may influence health in mothers and support the utility of hair cortisol as a neuroendocrine measure of chronic stress during pregnancy and parenthood.
Biomimetic Microstructure with Anti‐Slip and Anti‐Adhesion for Efficient Handling of Brittle Material Surfaces in High‐Temperature Environments
Authors: Zhan Haozhen , Wu Jianming , Zhang Jiachun , Li Qianqian , Fu Shixun , Chen Jian , Zhao Jiahui , Ji Yuanming , Wang Xipeng , Deng Kai , Ji Keju 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNon‐destructive handling such as wafer handling usually requires a high‐temperature environment, however, most bionic materials fail in high temperatures due to material decomposition. In this study, inspired by the unique microstructure of locust toe pads with low adhesion and high friction, bionic high‐temperature friction pads are designed and fabricated, selecting high‐temperature‐resistant silicone rubber as the material. The interfacial mechanical properties at high temperatures are analyzed. The samples with terminal bulges possess preferable roughness adaptability, enabling the advantages of low adhesion and high friction in high temperatures. The high‐temperature non‐destructive handling experiment using a robotic arm verifies the feasibility of bionic high‐temperature friction pads in industrial applications and provides a valuable solution for non‐destructive handling in high‐temperature environments.
Catenation Control in Stable Zr‐MOFs for Fine‐Tuning LNG‐ANG‐Related Methane Storage
Authors: Ma Si , Shi Le , Zhong Yuanlong , Cao Honghao , Yang Zhenning , Yang Jian , Wang Kun , Chen Zhijie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe liquefied natural gas and adsorbed natural gas (LNG‐ANG) coupling systems are emerging as an attractive solution to solve boil‐off gases generated by LNG tanks. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising candidates for methane storage and delivery owing to their high porosity, large specific surface area, and tunable pore structures. However, systematically tuning LNG‐ANG‐related methane adsorption performance of MOFs has yet to be explored. In this context, an interpenetrated zirconium‐based (3,8)‐connected the‐MOF, Zr‐TTB‐1, with limited porosity is synthesized. The further delicate modulation of reaction conditions allows the assembly of a non‐interpenetrated counterpart, Zr‐TTB‐2, with significantly improved porosity. Such molecular‐level catenation control results in a substantial increase in low‐temperature methane adsorption performance related to LNG‐ANG. The volumetric working capacity of non‐interpenetrated Zr‐TTB‐2 is up to 255 cm3 (standard temperature and pressure, STP) cm−3 under LNG‐ANG condition (159 K, 6 bar, and 298 K, 5 bar), outperforms more than twice that of interpenetrated counterpart—Zr‐TTB‐1 (115 cm3 (STP) cm−3). To this end, the investigation provides an efficacious example of regulating the methane working capacity in LNG‐ANG systems through molecular‐level structural control of designed porous frameworks.
Selective Hydrogen Oxidation Catalyst for PEM Fuel Cells: Tungsten Cluster‐Tuned Platinum Single Atoms
Authors: Guo Xu , Hao Ahui , Li Shuang , Li Xiangyan , Wan Xin , Liu Xiaofang , Shui Jianglan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe selective hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) electrocatalyst is crucial for enhancing the performance of proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) against degradation caused by reverse currents. In this study, a catalyst comprising platinum single atoms (Pt1) finely tuned by tungsten nanoclusters (WNC) on an accordion‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon support (ANC) is presented. The tungsten nanoclusters, derived from phosphotungstic acid, are embedded within the carbon support, while the Pt single atoms are uniformly dispersed on its surface. Experimental results and theoretical calculations reveal that the WNC effectively reduce the hydrogen adsorption strength on Pt1 to an optimal level, thereby facilitating HOR catalysis. Notably, this adjustment also weakens oxygen adsorption, rendering Pt1 less effective for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction. Consequently, the catalyst Pt1/WNC‐ANC exhibits high resistance to degradation from reverse currents when oxygen leaks into the anode. Meanwhile, it demonstrates an ultralow HOR overpotential with an outstanding mass activity, 13 times greater than commercial Pt/C. This work provides a highly active and selective low‐Pt HOR catalyst, paving the way for the development of cost‐effective, long‐lasting, and robust PEMFCs.
Self‐Powered Clamp‐On Pyroelectric Tactile Sensor for Intelligent Recognition of Film Materials
Authors: Yin Shengjie , Li Hongyu , Ji Yun , Li Yuke , Bowen Chris R. , Yang Ya 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTactile sensors are a potential solution for material identification. However, current potential tactile sensors for material identification are pressed, expensive, and applications‐confined. Here we report a clamped‐on pyroelectric tactile sensor on the basis of a ferroelectric Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 material to identify different film materials. The fabricated device exhibits different heat absorption capacities while in contact with different materials, leading to a different temperature change in the ferroelectric material under the same illumination. As a result, the device can recognize different materials by comparing the pyroelectric charge via integrating the obtained current under the same irradiation of 365 nm light‐emitting diode. The clamped‐on pyroelectric tactile sensor can identify six individual materials with a high accuracy of 98.8% and a fast response of 40 ms. All of the above processes can be accomplished with an intelligent material identification system. The device provides a new solution for material identification and lays a foundation for smart factories and laboratories.
Aglaia elliptifolia Leaf Extract Inhibits Autophagy‐Related 4B Protease and Suppresses Malignancies of Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Weng Jing‐Ru , Shu Chih‐Wen , Chang Chia‐Che , Wu Ya‐Chun , Yang Hsiu‐Chen , Lee Cheng‐Hsin , Dahms Hans‐Uwe , Lin Wei‐Yu , Chen Chun‐Lin , Liu Pei‐Feng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAutophagy is a self‐eating pathway for maintaining normal cellular physiology, while dysregulation of autophagy is associated with cancer progression. Autophagy‐related 4B gene (ATG4B) is a cysteine protease to regulate autophagosome formation and is positively correlated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. An increasing number of reports have implied that ATG4B might be an attractive drug target for CRC. Natural products are the most important source of drug development for cancer therapy due to their high degree of diversity in chemical structure. However, there are few natural products targeting autophagy regulation, especially targeting ATG4B. We aim to identify effective natural compounds from costal plants against ATG4B as potential CRC therapies. We extracted the whole plants, stem, and leaves from nine coastal plant species of Taiwan using different solvents including acetone, methanol, or chloroform. We then evaluated their effects on ATG4B activity and cancer malignancy in CRC cells (DLD‐1, HCT116, and SW620). Among these 26 extracts, we found that the methanol leaf extract of A. elliptifolia significantly inhibited ATG4B proteolytic activity. Moreover, cell viability and colony formation and mobility were decreased in CRC cells treated with the extract. The extract further reduced the number of living cells and induced subG1 proportion of CRC cells. The cytotoxicity of A. elliptifolia leaf extract was also enhanced in CRC cells under starvation, whereas it had no additional effects in ATG4B or autophagy deficient cells. Taken together, the methanol leaf extract of A. elliptifolia might contains bioactive compounds for inhibiting ATG4B and autophagy activity to diminish viability and mobility of CRC cells, indicating its potential as an anti‐CRC drug for future development.
Clothianidin Exposure Induces Cell Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage
Authors: Cheng Wei‐long , Zhang Zhi‐hui , Zhang Zhi‐Bin , Zhao Guo‐ping , Wang Yan‐bo 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTClothianidin (CLO) is a high‐frequently detected neonicotinoid pesticide in fruits and vegetables, whose exposure security deserves attention. This study evaluated the apoptotic toxicity of CLO on Caco‐2 cells at doses of 100 nM, 10 μM, and 1 mM. After exposure, CLO induced to a remarkable change of signaling proteins that participated in the process of cell apoptosis, including caspase 3, cleaved‐caspase 3, and caspase 9. CLO treatment further induced a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased the protein level of cytochrome C. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular Ca2+ were also found elevated, indicating an oxidative damage caused by CLO treatment. Moreover, the production of ROS occurred in advance of Ca2+ elevation, since inhibiting ROS production could recover the elevation of Ca2+ induced by CLO exposure. The protein level of metabolic enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) was downregulated after the treatment of CLO. Molecular docking simulation indicated that CLO had good binding characteristics with CYP3A4. Amino acid sites Arg105, Arg130, and Leu373 in CYP3A4, and nitro group and chlorothiazole group in CLO structure might be the potential binding action target. These results indicated that CLO exposure could induce an apoptotic effect on Caco‐2 cells, possibly acting through combining and inhibiting its metabolic enzyme CYP3A4, and then leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Thus, CLO exposure might be a potential risk factor for human intestinal health.
Current landscape of minimally invasive pancreatectomy for neoplasms: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ngongoni Rejoice F. , Mlambo Busisiwe , Shih I‐Fan , Li Yanli , Wren Sherry M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate recent minimally invasive pancreatectomy (MIP) trends for neoplastic disease and compare perioperative outcomes.MethodsPatients who underwent open (OS) or MIP (laparoscopic‐LS or robotic‐RS) pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) or non‐pancreati‐coduodenectomy resections (non‐PD) were identified from PINC AI Healthcare Database. Outcomes were compared using multivariable regressions.ResultsOS was the predominant approach for PD (87.8%); MIP was more common in non‐PD (48.5%) than PD with a substantial RS uptake (11.7%–29.9%). In PDs, outcomes were similar except OS had a longer length of stay (LOS) and lower costs. In non‐PDs, MIP patients were less likely to have prolonged LOS, intensive care unit admission, and overall complications than OS. Conversion to OS was lower in the RS approach than LS in PD and non‐PD.ConclusionsMIP for non‐PD has become the most common operative approach with improved outcomes; MIP‐PD has flat adoption and similar outcomes to OS. Robotics facilitates MIP (PD and non‐PD) completion through fewer conversions to open surgery (OS).
LigaSure versus conventional Milligan MORGAN hemorrhoidectomy in Nigerian patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids
Authors: Mustapha Babatunde , Alatise Olusegun Isaac , Olasehinde Olalekan , Adisa Adewale , Wuraola Funmilayo Olanike , Mohammed Tajudeen Olakunle , Aderounmu Adewale , Henry Abiyere Omagbeitse , Adesunkanmi AbdulHafiz Oladapo , Adeyeye Ademola , Qozeem Asafa Opeyemi , Mohammed Maigana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundHemorrhoidectomy is considered as the most effective approach for patients with grade III and grade IV hemorrhoids; the operative procedure may be associated with significant postoperative pain and other complications. Several surgical techniques and devices have been developed to overcome these postoperative problems.ObjectiveTo compare perioperative and postoperative outcomes of hemorrhoidectomy performed with the LigaSure and the conventional Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy among Nigerian patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids.MethodologyAll consenting adult patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomized to either conventional Milligan–Morgan or LigaSure hemorrhoidectomy. Outcome measures were the duration of the procedure, estimated blood loss, and resolution of symptoms, which were assessed using the Sodergren hemorrhoids severity score (SHSS). Postoperative pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS), and the short‐term recurrence rate was also checked at 3 months.Data were analyzed using the computer software IBM SPSS version 23.ResultsFifty‐two patients were randomized equally into the two arms. The median blood loss in the LigaSure group was 10.0 mL, whereas the median blood loss in the Milligan–Morgan group was 26.5 mL, (p = 0.0001). The median postoperative pain at 2 weeks using the VAS was 5.5 in the LigaSure group, and in the Milligan–Morgan group, it was 6.0 (p = 0.002). The mean duration of surgery in the LigaSure group was 18.04 min and 34.19 min in the Milligan–Morgan group (p = 0.0001).ConclusionLigaSure hemorrhoidectomy is faster and associated with less blood loss compared to conventional Milligan–Morgan hemorrhoidectomy.