bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online Processing of Subject–Verb–Object Order in a Diverse Sample of Mandarin‐Exposed Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Su Yi (Esther) , Naigles Letitia R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGrammatical comprehension remains a strength in English‐exposed young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet limited research has investigated how preschool children with ASD process grammatical structures in real time, in any language. Using the eye‐movement measures of Intermodal Preferential Looking, we assessed online processing of subject–verb–object (SVO) order in seventy 2‐ to 5‐year‐old children with ASD exposed to Mandarin Chinese across the spectrum, whose vocabulary production scores were dramatically delayed compared with the typical controls. With this Mandarin‐exposed sample, we tested the extent to which children with ASD require (a) highly consistent input and/or (b) good discourse/pragmatics for acquiring grammatical structures. Children viewed side‐by‐side videos depicting reversible actions (e.g., a bird pushing a horse vs. a horse pushing a bird), and heard an audio matching only one of those actions; their eyegaze to each video was coded and analyzed. Both typically developing children and children with ASD demonstrated comprehension of SVO word order, suggesting that core grammatical structures such as basic word order may be preserved in children with ASD across languages despite radical differences in language environment, social/pragmatic abilities, and neurological organization. However, children with ASD were less efficient in online sentence processing than typical children, and the efficiency of their online sentence processing was related to their standardized language assessment scores. Of note is that across both Mandarin Chinese and English, some proportion of minimally verbal children with ASD exhibited SVO comprehension despite their profoundly impaired expressive language skills.Autism Res2019, 12: 1829–1844. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay summaryGrammar is a strength in the language comprehension of young English learners with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Eye‐movement data from a diverse sample of Chinese preschoolers with ASD indicated similar grammatical strength of basic word order in Chinese (e.g., to understand sentences like “The bird is pushing the horse”). Moreover, children's proficiency of sentence processing was related to their language assessment scores. Across languages, such knowledge is even spared in some minimally verbal children with ASD.
„Das Buch darf nicht außerhalb der Zeit stehen“. Frauenheilkunde und Zensur in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone und DDR
Authors: Polianski Igor J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMit ihrem Leitbild der „deutschen Frau“ war die Frauenheilkunde in die Ideologie des Nationalsozialismus in ganz besonderer Weise verstrickt. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt das Erkenntnisinteresse des vorliegenden Beitrags auf Arten und Weisen, mit denen der gesamtdeutsche Fachdiskurs der Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe nach 1945 unter Maßgaben der Entnazifizierungspolitik und unter Einfluss der Zensurbehörden der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone geformt, gefiltert und zur Druckreife gebracht wurde. Er befasst sich mit dem gynäkologischen Fachbuch als einem zentralen Medium fachkultureller Kommunikation und rekonstruiert, wie das Wissen auf diesem Fachgebiet in komplexen Aushandlungsprozessen zwischen Autoren, Verlagen und Zensurbehörden aufbereitet wurde. Zu diesem Zweck sind bislang nicht ausgewertete Archivbestände entsprechender Zensurbehörden unter die Lupe genommen worden.
Enhancing peptaibols production in the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2 by elimination of a putative glucose sensor
Authors: Zhou Yan‐Rong , Song Xiao‐Yan , Li Yue , Shi Jin‐Chao , Shi Wei‐Ling , Chen Xiu‐Lan , Liu Wei‐Feng , Liu Xiang‐Mei , Zhang Wei‐Xin , Zhang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTrichoderma spp. are main producers of peptide antibiotics known as peptaibols. While peptaibols have been shown to possess a range of biological activities, molecular understanding of the regulation of their production is largely unclear, which hampers the production improvement through genetic engineering. Here, we demonstrated that the orthologue of glucose sensors in the outstanding biocontrol fungus
Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2,
TlSTP1, participates in the regulation of peptaibols production. Deletion of
Tlstp1 markedly impaired hyphal growth and conidiation, but significantly increased peptaibols yield by 5‐fold for Trichokonins A and 2.6‐fold for Trichokonins B. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that the increased peptaibols production occurs at the transcriptional levels of the two nonribosomal peptide synthetase encoding genes,
tlx1 and
tlx2. Transcriptome analyses of the wild type and the
Tlstp1 mutant strains indicated that
TlSTP1 exerts a regulatory effect on a set of genes that are involved in a number of metabolic and cellular processes, including synthesis of several other secondary metabolites. These results suggest an important role of
TlSTP1 in the regulation of vegetative growth and peptaibols production in
T. longibrachiatum SMF2 and provide insights into construction of peptaibol‐hyperproducing strains through genetic engineering.
An Excel VBA‐based educational module for simulation and energy optimization of spray drying process
Authors: Golman Boris , Yermukhambetova Assiya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe spray drying processes are widely used in chemical, ceramic, food, and pharmaceutical industries to produce both high‐volume and high‐value particulate products. Therefore, it is important to include a topic covering the spray drying process in the undergraduate curriculum of chemical and materials engineering students. In this article, we describe an Excel Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)‐based educational module developed to assist students in learning the spray drying process. The module consists of two Excel files with VBA macro programs and teaching materials. The module focuses on the design of spray drying process conditions to produce the particulate product with desired moisture content at required production rate while satisfying the process restrictions on the inlet slurry concentration and the exhaust air temperature. Students are also asked to carry out the energy performance analysis of spray dryer equipped with an air‐to‐air heat exchanger that recovers the exhaust air heat to preheat the drying air. Using this module, students will enhance their theoretical and practical knowledge in drying processes, and gain analytical skills in drying process energy optimization.
Variability in the Phytochemical Contents and Free Radical‐Scavenging Capacity of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Wild Piquin Chili)
Authors: del Rocio Moreno‐Ramírez Yolanda , Hernández‐Bautista Aurelio , López Pedro A. , Vanoye‐Eligio Venancio , Torres‐Rodríguez María Lorena , Torres‐Castillo Jorge Ariel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe variability in the phytochemical concentrations of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum has not been extensively analyzed among wild populations and ecologic niches in its phylogeographic area. This study aimed to determine the variations in the phytochemical and antioxidant contents of the wild Piquin chili. The total flavonoid content of hydroalcoholic extracts (0.06 to 0.70 mg equivalent of quercetin per gram of dry weight (mg QE/g DW)), free radical‐scavenging capacity for 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) radicals (0.55 to 8.55 mm TE/g DW), amount of 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS+) in aqueous extracts (18.13 to 107.6 mm TE/g DW) and pungency (21,760 to 88,476 Scoville heat units) were highly variable. By analyzing the spatial distribution using the first three principal components, correlations between the phytochemical content and the free radical‐scavenging capacity (in both extracts) and flavonoid and phenolic contents (in the hydroalcoholic extract) were observed. Consistent with the statistical analysis, the spatial analysis showed intraregional differences in composition patterns, with an emphasis on central and coastal areas. Flavonoid contents, polyphenol contents and free radical‐scavenging activity were the phytochemical components that mainly contributed to the diversity of the population.
Rotational atherectomy with the new RotaPro system over RG3 guidewire in subadventitial retrograde highly calcified CTO PCI
Authors: Iannaccone Mario , Colangelo Salvatore , Colombo Francesco , Garbo Roberto 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe following article describes the case report of a 52‐year‐old man who is affected by a right coronary artery occlusion treated with rotational atherectomy over retrograde guidewire RG3 in subadventitial space.
Effect of Si/Al Ratio on the Catalytic Activity of Two‐Dimensional MFI Nanosheets in Aromatic Alkylation and Alcohol Etherification
Authors: Korde Akshay , Min Byunghyun , Almas Qandeel , Chiang Yadong , Nair Sankar , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractZeolite catalysts with pronounced two‐dimensional (2D) morphologies, specifically 2D MFI nanosheets composed of multilamellar stacks of MFI nanosheets, are hypothesized to offer accessibility advantages in catalytic reactions involving large, bulky molecules. The Si/Al ratio of zeolite catalysts is an important parameter determining their performance. However, the effect of Si/Al ratio on catalytic reactivity is not well understood in 2D zeolite catalysts. To provide further insight into this issue, the catalytic performance of 2D MFI nanosheet materials with different Si/Al ratios is compared using the liquid phase Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of mesitylene with benzyl alcohol & the self‐etherification of benzyl alcohol that occurs in parallel, both of which are catalyzed by Brønsted acid sites. The turnover frequency (TOF) of the catalysts is found to decrease with decreasing Si/Al ratio, with the etherification reaction being the main contributor to this trend. When the same reaction is carried out in the presence of a bulky poison, 2,6 di‐tert‐butylpyridine (DTBP), to selectively deactivate the external acid sites, only the etherification reaction of benzyl alcohol takes place in the micropores of the 2D MFI catalyst and the effectiveness factor is found to decrease with decreasing Si/Al ratio. The single component adsorption isotherms of benzyl alcohol show that the uptake normalized per acid site decreases with decreasing Si/Al ratio. Thus, increasing the density of acid sites in the micropores by decreasing the Si/Al ratio makes it more difficult for the reactant molecules to access them, as demonstrated by the decrease in TOF and the effectiveness factor. While the micropore reactions (benzene alkylation, alcohol etherification) showed a clear trend with Si/Al ratio, the reaction catalyzed on the external surface (mesitylene alkylation) did not, showing distinct differences in reactivity.
Underevaluated Solvent Effects in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction by FeIII Chloride Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin
Authors: Zhao Bin , Lei Haitao , Wang Ni , Xu Gelun , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFeIII chloride tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (1) is known to have poor electrocatalytic activity for the CO2‐to‐CO conversion in dimethylformamide. In this work, we re‐examined Fe porphyrin 1 as a CO2 reduction catalyst in various solvents. Our results show that 1 displays fairly high electrocatalytic CO2‐to‐CO activity in acetonitrile with a turnover frequency (TOF) up to 4.2×104 s−1. On the other hand, 1 shows a modest activity in propylene carbonate, and is inefficient to catalyze CO2 reduction in benzonitrile, dimethylformamide, and tetrahydrofuran. Several solvent effects were considered, but none of these effects alone can explain the observed large activity difference of 1 for CO2 reduction in these solvents. Based on the results, it is suggested that more care should be paid when comparing different CO2 reduction catalysts because solvent effects are significant and are underevaluated.
Surface characterization of weathered and heat‐treated wood‐based composites reinforced by styrene maleic anhydride
Authors: Zor Mustafa , Can Ahmet , Gardner Douglas J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heat‐treated lignocellulosic filler on the surface characteristics and decay resistance of the wood flour/styrene maleic anhydride (SMA) composites. In this study, heat treatment was conducted at 212°C for 8 hours. Test specimens were prepared by injection molding at 220°C. Weathering tests were performed by cycles of UV‐light irradiation for 8 hours, water spray for 15 minutes, and then conditioning for 3.45 hours in an accelerated weathering test cycle chamber. Heat‐treated wood flour/SMA composites were evaluated for color changes, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze chemical changes on the sample surfaces. The wood decay tests were performed of white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor (L.: Fr.) Pilat was based on mini‐block specimens on 48% malt extract agar in petri dishes. The study showed that color changes occurred when heat‐treated filler rate is increased in this material. Therefore, materials in 10% filler rate show lower color changes than other variation. As a result of the FTIR analysis, the addition of wood filler into the SMA causes changes in the chemical structure. In addition, the increase in wood filler reduced the resistance to weathering. Decay results showed that thermally modified wood has lower mass loss caused by fungal attack than untreated wood material. The weight loss decreases with the increase in wood flour rate expect 10%T and 10%UT in all composites.
Integrated Molecular Logic Using a Multistate Electrochromic Platform
Authors: Keisar Hodaya , Lahav Michal , van der Boom Milko E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHerein, we present an approach that integrates molecular logic functions using surface‐confined metallo‐organic assemblies. These assemblies are electrochromic and mimic the behaviour of logic elements. The logic elements are addressed individually by electrochemical methods, and their outputs are simultaneously read‐out optically by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The versatility of our setup is demonstrated by the integration of two multi‐component assemblies; each acting as ternary logic elements. We used also a laminated cell configuration to demonstrate color‐to‐color and color‐to‐transparent transitions. This concept offers a route for the future development of devices with multiple logic states.
The Tricks of the Chameleon. Unexpected Symmetry of the Diffraction Pattern
Authors: Nespolo Massimo , Tokuda Makoto , Yoshiasa Akira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe first step in the structure solution process is the determination of candidate space groups on the basis of the symmetry of the diffraction pattern, in particular through the analysis of the reflection conditions. Sometimes it may happen that the diffraction pattern is indexed in an alternative setting, in which the reflection conditions appear different. The discrepancy between the observed reflection conditions and those published in the standard setting of space groups may lead the investigator to erroneously assume his sample is less symmetric than it actually is. After discussing a case from the literature, an example is presented, in which diffractions from a pyrite sample are indexed in the setting of the space group, instead of the standard setting, where the large set of strong violations of reflection conditions with respect to those of the standard setting can be interpreted as a signature of symmetry lowering to P213. The structure being well‐known, the real origin of the apparent violation of reflection conditions is easy to find. In a less straightforward case, in particular when dealing with a new, unknown structure, the investigator may be deceived along a wrong path.
The Fonthill Dental Surgery Complication Classification Scale
Authors: Fritz Peter C. , Longo Amanda B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesA lack of consensus on how to classify post‐operative complications in dentistry limits the ability for comparison of outcomes among treatments and their primary providers. Therefore, the Fonthill Dental Surgery Complication Classification Scale has been proposed as a uniform reporting tool to allow for the standardized quality assessment of dental treatment. This instrument classifies negative outcomes arising after dental treatment and is based on the clinician and the clinician time required to resolve the complication in seven classes of increasing severity.Materials and MethodsThe scale was evaluated in a cohort of 2,382 consecutive patients, of which 9% experienced a complication, the majority of which were Class I or Class II—resolved without intervention by the dental surgeon.ResultsFour scenarios where interpretation of the scale was required are presented with an explanation of their complication class.ConclusionsThis classification system will ultimately prove reliable in measuring clinician success rate and aiding in the decision‐making process for patients, clinicians, and financial providers.
An improved fault detection crow search algorithm for wireless sensor network
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Sundaram Shirsh , Rodrigues Joel J.P.C. , Khanna Ashish 
Published: August 2019

SummaryIn wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the collected data during monitoring environment can have some faulty data, and these faults can lead to the failure of a system. These faults may occur due to many factors such as environmental interference, low battery, and sensors aging etc. We need an efficient fault detection technique for preventing the failures of a WSN or an IoT system. To address this major issue, we have proposed a new nature‐inspired approach for fault detection for WSNs called improved fault detection crow search algorithm (IFDCSA). IFDCSA is an improved version of the original crow search algorithm (CSA). The proposed algorithm first injects the faults into the datasets, and then the faults are classified using improved CSA and machine learning classifiers. The proposed work has been evaluated on the three real‐world datasets, ie, Intel lab data, multihop labeled data, and SensorScope data, and predicts the faults with an average accuracy of 99.94%. The results of the proposed algorithm have been compared with the three different machine learning classifiers (random forest, k‐nearest neighbors, and decision trees) and Zidi model. The proposed algorithm outperforms the other classifiers/models, thus generating higher accuracy and lower features without degrading the performance of the system.Index Terms—big data, crow search algorithm, IoT, machine learning, nature‐inspired algorithm, wireless sensor network.
Novel vectors for functional interrogation of Xenopus ORFeome coding sequences
Authors: Sterner Zachary R. , Rankin Scott A. , Wlizla Marcin , Choi Jinyoung A. , Luedeke David M. , Zorn Aaron M. , Buchholz Daniel R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe current Xenopus ORFeome contains ~10,250 validated, full‐length cDNA sequences without stop codons from Xenopus laevis and ~3,970 from Xenopus tropicalis cloned into Gateway‐compatible entry vectors. To increase the utility of the ORFeome, we have constructed the Gateway‐compatible destination vectors pDXTP and pDXTR, which in combination can control the spatial and temporal expression of any open reading frame (ORF). pDXTP receives a promoter/enhancer of interest, which controls the spatial expression of a doxycycline‐inducible transcription factor rtTA. pDXTR receives an ORF of interest, which is controlled by a tetracycline response element enabling temporal control of ORF expression via rtTA activation by simple addition of doxycycline to the rearing water at any desired time point. These vectors can be integrated into the genome via well‐established microinjection‐based SceI, tol2, or phi‐C31 transgenesis procedures and contain fluorescence reporters to confirm transgene integration. Cell‐autonomous verification of ORF expression occurs via red nuclear fluorescence due to an mCherry‐histone H2B fusion protein that is cleaved from the ORF during translation. Function of all essential features of pDXTP and pDXTR has been experimentally validated. pDXTP and pDXTR provide flexible molecular cloning and transgenesis options to accomplish tissue‐specific inducible control of ORF expression in transgenic Xenopus.
Incidence and molecular characterization of multidrug resistance in Gram‐negative bacteria of clinical importance from pharmaceutical wastewaters in South‐western Nigeria
Authors: Obasi Avemaria Ifeoma , Ugoji Esther Obiageli , Nwachukwu SimonCyril Ugwumba 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe occurrence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the environment presents a major threat to public health because it reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment.AimsThe study was set out to molecularly characterize Gram‐negative bacteria with multidrug resistance and resistance determinants from pharmaceutical wastewaters in Nigeria.Materials and MethodsSusceptibility of the bacterial isolates to 25 antibiotics belonging to 10 categories was tested using the disc diffusion method and Vitek 2. Screening for AmpC, Extended Spectrum Beta‐lactamase and carbapenemase production was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction and sequencing.ResultsNinety‐seven Gram‐negative bacteria, comprising 27 Enterobacteria and 70 nonfermenter bacterial isolates were detected. Antibiotic resistance observed was highest (70.1%) for sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim and multidrug resistance was revealed in 17 bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae[7],Enterobacter gergoviae[3],Sphingomonas paucimobilis[1],Empedobacter brevis[1],Chryseobacterium indologenes[1],Pseudomonas aeruginosa[1],Burkholderia cenocepacia[1],Burkholderia cepaciaandStenotrophomonas maltophilia[1]). Extended Spectrum Beta‐lactamase (CTX‐M‐15, SHV‐12, SHV‐2) was positive for 6 K. pneumoniae strains; there were neither AmpC detected nor the production of carbapenamase in all isolates tested.DiscussionThe study confirmed the presence of multidrug resistant Gram‐negative bacteria with resistance determinants in wastewaters from pharmaceutical industries in Nigeria. Compounds of the wastewater may directly select or co‐select these multidrug resistance strains.ConclusionThe output of drug resistant bacteria into the environment is a potential risk to public health and may facilitate the spread of resistant genes.
Toleration and prejudice‐reduction: Two ways of improving intergroup relations
Authors: Verkuyten Maykel , Yogeeswaran Kumar , Adelman Levi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWhile a large body of social psychological research has shed light on the nature of prejudice and how to reduce it, we argue that such work does not address situations of cultural or religious outgroup beliefs and practices that are considered incompatible with one's own. The present theoretical article contrasts a prejudice‐reduction approach with a toleration‐based approach to consider the differences each have with regard to the attitude object they focus upon, the perceived reasonableness of the attitude, and the behavioral consequences each may lead to. In doing so, we consider the psychological processes involved in whether the negative attitude leads to negative actions. We conclude by arguing that a toleration‐based approach forms an important addition to the psychological thinking about cultural diversity and intergroup relations. Collectively, the present work makes a novel contribution to the social psychological literature by stimulating theory development and raising novel questions for empirical research.