bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Central Aortic Blood Pressures in a Tertiary South Indian Hospital
Authors: Kavirayani Hemamalini 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background Of late, central aortic blood pressure (CABP) has emerged as a better parameter than peripheral blood pressure (BP) in the diagnosis of cardiovascular events. Advent of new technologies has facilitated the calculation of CABP from machine-derived peripheral BP. In this study, the author determined the differences between peripheral BP measured manually or by machine and machine-derived CABP and examined whether this difference is stable even after categorizing the sample pool based on sex, hypertension, diabetes status, and β-blocker use.
Materials and Methods A total of 83 patients (both male and female) who attended the cardiology outpatient department were enrolled in the study. BP was recorded both manually and using Mobil-O-Graph pulse wave analyzer (ARC Solver) in the patient's sitting posture. The author compared the derived central, manual, and device-measured BP among the patient samples and assessed whether sex, hypertension, diabetes, and β-blocker use influence these differences.
Results Among the study population, 28 were females and 55 were males; patients’ mean age was 59.97 ± 12.15 years. The mean peripheral systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) measured manually were127.55 ± 20.15 and 79.73 ± 9.57 mm Hg, respectively. Similar measurements recorded by the device were 129.68 ± 19.93 and 78.92 ± 13.48, respectively. The derived mean central aortic SBP and DBP was 117.69 ± 17.78 and 80.15 ± 13.71, respectively. Statistically significant difference in the manual and central aortic SBP (9.85 ± 11.16; p < 0.0001) was observed. This difference was significant irrespective of sex, hypertension, diabetes status, and β-blocker use. Similarly, difference between machine-derived peripheral SBP and central aortic SBP was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). However, the difference in manual and central aortic DBP was nonsignificant (p = 0.6976). Interestingly, a small (−1.34 ± 2.28) but statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) between machine-derived peripheral DBP and central aortic DBP was observed. Further analysis to find out effect of β-blocker use on CABP revealed that the central aortic SBP is slightly, but statistically significantly, lower in β-blocker users (117.7 ± 17.71; p < 0.0001) than that of β-blocker nonusers (118.9 ± 18.37; p< 0.0001).
Conclusion Central aortic systolic pressure is statistically significantly lower than the manually recorded peripheral SBP irrespective of sex, hypertension, diabetes status, and β-blocker use. A small but significant difference was observed between machine-derived peripheral DBP and central aortic DBP. Patients using β-blockers were observed to have marginally lower CABP values than those who are not using them.
Mammographically Detected Breast Arterial Calcification—A Marker of Coronary Artery Disease in Women
Authors: Gorantla Padmasri , Kapoor Anu , Maddury Jyotsna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background and Aim Coronary artery disease (CAD) resulting from atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide and is still a leading cause of death in women older than 40 years. The gold standard for diagnosis of CAD is by coronary angiography (CAG). However, this procedure is both invasive and expensive and thus is not suitable as a screening tool in asymptomatic individuals. Like coronary calcification, atherosclerotic vascular calcification involving small-to-medium–sized arteries is also observed in the breast. Modern mammographic equipment is very sensitive in the detection of microcalcifications. The aim of this study is to study the relationship between mammographically detected breast arterial calcification (BAC) and CAD and to evaluate the role of BAC as a marker for CAD.
Methods Twenty female patients older than 40 years who had undergone CAG for suspected CAD were included in the study. Screening mammograms were performed and analyzed for the presence of BAC. The results were analyzed for correlation between severity of BAC and CAD.
Results Twenty patients with mean age of 56.45 (age range: 40–68) were evaluated. BACs were found in 60% of these cases with a peak age group of 56 to 60 years. BAC was bilateral (92%) in most cases. CAG reports were positive for CAD in 45% of patients. The sensitivity of BAC in predicting CAD was 77.7% with a specificity of 54.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 58.3%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 75%. Conclusion Screening mammography has a potential to serve as a noninvasive tool for early detection of CAD in asymptomatic women. Larger population-based studies with controls will be required to establish the utility of this screening tool.
Neonatal Thyrotoxicosis with Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation and Hydrops in a Preterm Infant Born to a Mother with Graves' Disease
Authors: Doucette Stefani , Tierney Anne , Roggensack Anne , Yusuf Kamran 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNeonatal hyperthyroidism is rare disorder due to the passage of thyroid receptor antibodies (TRBs) from the mother to the fetus. Neonatal thyrotoxicosis can present in several ways and if unrecognized, can be fatal. We present a preterm neonate who developed fetal hydrops and tricuspid regurgitation in utero. The mother had a history of treated Grave's disease. The infant responded to maternal treatment antenatally and postnatal anti-thyroid treatment, with resolution of both the tricuspid regurgitation and hydrops. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of tricuspid regurgitation associated with fetal and neonatal thyrotoxicosis. Our case also highlights the importance of obtaining a detailed and accurate history in a mother with previous Grave's disease, even if treated.
Polypharmakologie als ein neuer Ansatz zur Präzisionsmedizin in der Adipositas- und Diabetestherapie
Authors: Jall S. , Götz A. , Tschöp M. H. , Müller T. D. 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie weltweite Prävalenz von morbid gesteigertem Körpergewicht hat im 21. Jahrhundert epidemische Ausmaße angenommen. Adipositas gehört zu den wichtigsten Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und bestimmten Tumorleiden. Die Entwicklung neuer individueller pharmakologischer Therapieoptionen ist von größtem gesellschaftlichen Interesse, um der wachsenden Belastung unserer Gesundheitssysteme wirksam zu begegnen. Konservative Behandlungen, die beispielsweise auf eine Lebensstiländerung abzielen, sind nur unzureichend erfolgreich und derzeit verfügbare pharmakologische Therapieoptionen sind bislang nur wenig effektiv und/oder haben gravierende Nebenwirkungen. Einzelne Wirkstoffe, wie etwa Orlistat, waren bislang nicht in der Lage der steigenden Adipositaspandemie entgegenzuwirken. Ein vielversprechender neuer Ansatz ist es, die Wirkung verschiedener Schlüsselhormone in einem einzigen hochwirksamen Biomolekül zu vereinen. Verschiedene solcher Polyagonisten mit Multihormonwirkung befinden sich derzeit in klinischer Evaluation. Dazu gehört u.a. ein dualer Agonist mit Aktivität an den Rezeptoren für das Glukagon-ähnliche Peptid 1 (GLP-1) und Glukagon, ein dualer Agonist an den Rezeptoren für GLP-1 und das glukoseabhängige insulinotrope Polypeptid (GIP) sowie ein Triagonist mit Aktivität an den Rezeptoren für GLP-1, GIP und Glukagon. erfolgreich und derzeit verfügbare pharmakologische Therapieoptionen sind bislang nur wenig effektiv und/oder haben gravierende Nebenwirkungen. Einzelne Wirkstoffe, wie etwa Orlistat, waren bislang nicht in der Lage der steigenden Adipositaspandemie entgegenzuwirken. Ein vielversprechender neuer Ansatz ist es, die Wirkung verschiedener Schlüsselhormone in einem einzigen hochwirksamen Biomolekül zu vereinen. Verschiedene solcher Polyagonisten mit Multihormonwirkung befinden sich derzeit in klinischer Evaluation. Dazu gehört u.a. ein dualer Agonist mit Aktivität an den Rezeptoren für das Glukagon-ähnliche Peptid 1 (GLP-1) und Glukagon, ein dualer Agonist an den Rezeptoren für GLP-1 und das glukoseabhängige insulinotrope Polypeptid (GIP) sowie ein Triagonist mit Aktivität an den Rezeptoren für GLP-1, GIP und Glukagon.
Fortschritte in der Demenztherapie – Was ist bereits praxisrelevant?
Authors: Roeben Benjamin , Zieschang Tania , Maetzler Walter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDue to the aging population, dementias represent a growing challenge for the health systems and for the society. This overview summarizes the current state of already practice-relevant therapies and management of dementias. Non-pharmacological approaches have a greater impact than pharmacological treatment. Increasing evidence underlines that consistent management of cardiovascular risk factors has beneficial effects on the progression of at least some, possibly almost all types of dementias. The main pharmacological agents for symptomatic treatment of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease-associated dementias are cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. In most other dementias, no specific pharmacological treatment is currently available. There is an urgent need for further research on the effective management of dementias.
Risk and safety challenges facing religious tourism - an introduction.
Authors: Raj R. , Griffin K. , Korstanje M. E. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

This chapter offers an introduction to the risk and safety challenges facing religious tourism. It presents an overview of tourism-related research on (1) risk associated with individual or collective demographic assets; (2) risk associated with personality traits; and (3) risk as a disciplinary mechanism of control. An overview of the book's chapters is also presented.
Risk of terrorism and crime on the tourism industry.
Authors: Ayesha Chowdhury Ayesha Chowdhury , Raj R. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

This chapter discusses the conceptual differences between crime, hate crime and terrorism. In addition, it evaluates the risks faced by travellers due to the recent phenomenon of terrorism, which has impacted the tourism industry greatly. Finally, the chapter illustrates that terrorism is an extraordinary type of crime that needs extraordinary legal protection.
Risk assessment and the religious event space: the context for the risk assessment.
Authors: Theodore B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

This chapter provides a specific contextual examination of the use of religious sites. Furthermore, it interrogates events, while providing a practical and logical approach to key areas that require risk assessment within the religious event space. The chapter identifies general risk factors and provides samples of risk documentation that may be used. It is anticipated that this will provide a practical guide explaining how to maximize opportunities to ensure the safety of attendees within the religious event space through the use of effective and comprehensive risk assessment practices.
Risk management or the right to ritual: attempting to control the masses at the Kumbh Mela.
Authors: Griffin D. , Radhakrishnan Y. P. , Griffin K. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

This chapter introduces the Hindu festival Kumbh Mela as a motivating factor driving religious tourism and pilgrimage. Specific attention is given here to risk management at the 2013 Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, a mega-event in which over 100 million pilgrims attended and bathed in the river Ganga. Environmental and health concerns regarding the polluted water of the river Ganga are noted. The chapter addresses the fundamental question of how authorities can balance the needs, wants and requirements of the many stakeholders of this event, i.e. whether health and safety professionals can implement their water risk management plans while ensuring that pilgrims are allowed to attend and to perform a rite of passage that is a fundamental element of their faith.
The experience of medieval pilgrims on the route to Santiago de Compostela, Spain: evidence from the 12th-century Pilgrim's Guide.
Authors: Garton T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

The dramatic rise in popularity of the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in the 11th and 12th centuries is reflected in the 12th-century Pilgrim's Guide, which provides information about shrines to visit and the experiences of pilgrims along the four main routes through France and northern Spain - routes which are used by pilgrims to this day. This chapter examines the information provided in the Pilgrim's Guide with an emphasis on the physical, visual and spiritual experiences of pilgrims along the route. The Guide describes the characteristics of the lands, peoples, local customs and food and drink experienced on the journey, as well as the miraculous qualities of saints whose shrines should be visited on the way, and in some cases the visual imagery of their shrines. Scholars have tended to emphasize the typical 'pilgrimage church' plan exemplified by the churches at Santiago, Toulouse or Conques, but a study of both the guide and the surviving churches reveals a rich variety of architectural forms and imagery that would have been experienced by 12th-century pilgrims along the pilgrimage routes. Each shrine emphasized the validity and significance of its relics, and the arrangement of the sacred space and visual imagery was frequently designed to demonstrate the miraculous powers or qualities of the local saint, as well as to encourage, warn and influence the behaviour and beliefs of devotees visiting the shrine. Methods of communication about the experiences of pilgrims have changed in recent times, as well as the religious emphasis; modern pilgrims have easy access to information about the journey and place less emphasis on the power of holy relics and more on the inner spiritual experience, but many aspects of walking the Camino remain the same.
Children's processions to Glasnevin: contestation, education, recreation.
Authors: Keely V. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Throughout the ages children participated in processions which were an integrated element of pilgrimage. Some processions included children as part of the general population of participants or spectators while other pilgrimage processions were designed specifically for them. Drawing on insights from the philosophy of place, emotional geography and anthropology, this chapter is a case study of a late 19th-century procession for schoolchildren in Dublin which reveals a fledging network of schools established to counter proselytism in the inner city. Tickets to a procession in the leafy suburb of Glasnevin were a coveted reward for impoverished inner-city schoolchildren enabling them to have a day out in an area of the city where the natural beauty of the pilgrimage site contrasted sharply with the squalid conditions of the slums of the Coombe. The pilgrimage to Glasnevin represents a temporary exodus from the contested spaces of the Coombe to a place where the Roman Catholic affiliation of the child pilgrims could be celebrated in tranquillity and enjoyment. Indeed enjoyment was an intended outcome rather than an unanticipated result of the procession, which is all the more remarkable given the Jansenist tendencies of the prevailing spirituality of the period. The procession functioned as a medium of socialization, enfolding the children in the relatedness of place, which served to reinforce their Roman Catholic identity in a highly charged climate of proselytism. Ordered in hierarchical ranks, the procession both reflected and imposed order within an ecclesial framework. Dialogue with other contributors in this volume shows the conceptual congruence between certain philosophies of place and the anthropological understanding of meshworks. The pronounced sensory elements of the Glasnevin procession - sight, hearing, smell and touch - were deployed to engage the whole person in the religious experience. Thus we are enabled to expand the notion of dreamscape to include knowledge mediated by sensory experience.
Rituals of recognition: Interactions and interaction rules in sheltered workshops in the Netherlands
Authors: Sebrechts Melissa , Tonkens Evelien , Bröer Christian 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Recent decades have witnessed mounting attention to the theme of recognition, both in public policy and in the academic world. Scholarly debate on recognition is dominated by philosophers, while the policy debate is dominated by political and educational perspectives. A sociological perspective has scarcely been developed. In this article, we approach recognition as a sociological phenomenon with the aid of Collins’ theory of Interaction Ritual Chains. Our research is located in three Dutch sheltered workshops that aim to provide recognition through work to young men with mild intellectual disabilities. While Collins provides an interesting interactional perspective to distinguish between different situations of recognition, we add an institutional dimension by showing how individualising labour-market policies and care practices articulate a set of ‘interaction rules’ that encourage some recognition rituals and foreclose others. This demonstrates the importance of a sociological contribution to the debate on recognition, and points to ‘unintended consequences’ of policies that aim to strengthen recognition in ways that in fact cannot be achieved by those involved. Such a sociological perspective can bring out more practical and nuanced accounts of recognition, and enrich both scholarly and policy debates on this topic.
A Type-2 Fuzzy Based Interval-Stochastic Risk Management Programming Model for Identifying Sustainable Water Resources Allocation Policies
Authors: Liu J , Li Y P 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this study, a type-2 fuzzy based interval-stochastic risk management programming (TISRM) method is proposed for optimal irrigation water resources allocation associated with multiple uncertainties expressed as interval numbers, probability distributions, and type-2 fuzzy sets. TISRM can also reflect authorities’ attitudes towards system risk using a financial risk management measure by controlling the variability of the recourse cost. The developed method is applied to irrigation water resources allocation for the Zhangweinan River Basin in China. Solutions of irrigation water allocation under different probability distributions and confidence levels are generated. Results reveal that system benefit and satisfaction degree would decrease with the raised λ levels; the CVaR values would change with the increment of λ and β levels as well as the varied cases; the irrigation targets of all crops in all subareas are reach their lower bounds; the irrigation deficits would be different with risk levels and cases. The results can help the local authority to adjust the current food security policy.
Estimating the Impact of Drought on Agriculture Using the U.S. Drought Monitor
Authors: Kuwayama Yusuke , Thompson Alexandra , Bernknopf Richard , Zaitchik Benjamin , Vail Peter 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe estimate the impacts of drought, as defined by the U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM), on crop yields and farm income in the United States during the 2001–2013 time period. Our empirical strategy relies on panel data models with fixed effects that exploit spatial and temporal variability in drought conditions and agricultural outcomes at the county level. We find negative and statistically significant effects of drought on crop yields equal to reductions in the range of 0.1% to 1.2% for corn and soybean yields for each additional week of drought in dryland counties, and 0.1% to 0.5% in irrigated counties. Region‐specific results vary, with some regions experiencing no yield impacts from drought, while yield reductions as high as 8.0% are observed in dryland counties in the Midwest for every additional week of drought in the highest USDM severity category. Despite this impact on crop yields, we find that additional weeks of drought have little to no effect on measures of farm income. While precipitation and temperature explain most of the variability in crop yields, we find that the USDM captures additional negative impacts of drought on yields.
Jwalk and MNXL web server: model validation using restraints from crosslinking mass spectrometry
Authors: Bullock Joshua M A , Thalassinos Konstantinos , Topf Maya 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Crosslinking Mass Spectrometry generates restraints that can be used to model proteins and protein complexes. Previously, we have developed two methods, to help users achieve better modelling performance from their crosslinking restraints: Jwalk, to estimate solvent accessible distances between crosslinked residues and MNXL, to assess the quality of the models based on these distances.

Results
Here, we present the Jwalk and MNXL webservers, which streamline the process of validating monomeric protein models using restraints from crosslinks. We demonstrate this by using the MNXL server to filter models made of varying quality, selecting the most native-like.

Availability and implementation
The webserver and source code are freely available from jwalk.ismb.lon.ac.uk and mnxl.ismb.lon.ac.uk.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Development and evaluation of a deep learning model for protein–ligand binding affinity prediction
Authors: Stepniewska-Dziubinska Marta M , Zielenkiewicz Piotr , Siedlecki Pawel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Structure based ligand discovery is one of the most successful approaches for augmenting the drug discovery process. Currently, there is a notable shift towards machine learning (ML) methodologies to aid such procedures. Deep learning has recently gained considerable attention as it allows the model to ‘learn’ to extract features that are relevant for the task at hand.

Results
We have developed a novel deep neural network estimating the binding affinity of ligand–receptor complexes. The complex is represented with a 3D grid, and the model utilizes a 3D convolution to produce a feature map of this representation, treating the atoms of both proteins and ligands in the same manner. Our network was tested on the CASF-2013 ‘scoring power’ benchmark and Astex Diverse Set and outperformed classical scoring functions.

Availability and implementation
The model, together with usage instructions and examples, is available as a git repository at http://gitlab.com/cheminfIBB/pafnucy.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.