bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘We Live Like This’: Local Inequalities and Disproportionate Risk in the Context of Extractive Development and Climate Change on New Hanover Island, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Roberts Jason 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThis study examines the local processes, effects, and responses to large‐scale logging and agricultural development efforts in subsistence communities on New Hanover Island, Papua New Guinea (PNG). Recently, New Hanover became the site of three special agricultural and business leases (SABLs) that combined to cover approximately 79% of the island. The proliferation of SABLs within PNG is an outcome of recent national development initiatives promoting a significant increase in the production of commercial agricultural crops such as oil palm and biofuel. Accordingly, SABLs are designed to facilitate the development of long‐term commercial agricultural industries in rural locations across the country through the conversion of forested lands and the simplification of communal land tenure, for the purposes of private lease. However, SABLs have simultaneously provided a convenient loophole around more restrictive national forestry policies and thereby become attractive to traditional logging interests in the Asian/Pacific region. Consequently, many SABLs across PNG have failed to produce viable agricultural development or broad local benefit. It is within this context, that this study pays particular attention to the experiences of women and lower‐status landowners living through the processes of SABL conversion, during the El Nino drought of 2015. The study details the statuses and roles of these groups within the overall development process, the ways in which their social relationships changed in the context of development, why these groups were particularly vulnerable to the broad livelihood effects of forest conversion and drought, how they adapted to these effects, and what their hopes were regarding the future of the development project and life on the island. This study adds to current theoretical interests on emerging neoliberal frontiers of land and resource control by examining these SABL landscapes on New Hanover as contemporary examples of land grabs and documenting the very real local level consequences of this phenomenon. The study is also particularly significant in light of the growing threats to forests and forest‐dependent livelihoods and the recognition of the importance of local forest practices to global sustainability.
Routes to halogen‐free flame‐retardant polypropylene wood plastic composites
Authors: Yin Huajie , Sypaseuth Fanni D. , Schubert Martina , Schoch Rebecca , Bastian Martin , Schartel Bernhard 
Published: October 2018

Developing halogen‐free flame retardants with reasonably high efficiency, which thus function at limited loadings in polypropylene‐based wood/plastic composites (WPC), is still a challenge. Cost‐effective flame‐retarded WPC have been identified as a way to open the door to an interesting, broader spectrum of application in the building and transportation sectors. This work imparts a systematic comprehensive understanding and assessment of different basic routes to halogen‐free flame‐retarded WPC, taking into account economic and environmental considerations. Cheap, halogen‐free single‐component flame retardants and their multicomponent systems are investigated at reasonable filling grades of 20 wt%. The basic routes of promising synergistic multicomponent systems are discussed, and their potential and limits assessed. Optimizing the consistency of fire residue; closing the surface of inorganic‐organic residual layers; the thermal stabilization and design of the residue, eg, synergistic combination of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite; and the combination of different flame‐retardant mechanisms, eg, intumescence and flame inhibition, are proposed as promising routes to boost the flame‐retardant efficiency.
Polylactide/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/rare earth complexes as biodegradable light conversion agricultural films
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Yu Yinlei , Ai Xue , Pan Hongwei , Zhang Huiliang , Dong Lisong 
Published: October 2018

Rare earth europium(III) complex with α‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone and triphenylphosphine oxide (Eu (TTA)3(TPPO)2, shortened as EuTT) was synthesized in this paper, then blended with polylactide (PLA) and poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) to prepare the biodegradable agricultural films. Through the optical performance, mechanical properties, and other research, the results showed that the rare earth complex could convert the sun's ultraviolet light to red light when doped polymer. Moreover, the relative intensity ratio of 5D0/7F2 to 5D0/7F1 of PLA/PBAT/EuTT film could reach 3.79, which implied that the film had strong fluorescence intensity and high color purity. The highest tensile strength of the film could reach 36.7/25.2 MPa, and the elongation at break was 462.8/483.0% in the machine and in the transverse direction when the added amount of Eu (TTA)3(TPPO)2 was 0.1 wt%. The tensile strength of the film was 33.3/20.1 MPa, and the elongation at break could reach 535.8/413.6% when the added amount of Eu (TTA)3(TPPO)2 was increased up to 0.3 wt%. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the Eu (TTA)3(TPPO)2 could cause depolymerization of polylactide, resulting in a decrease in the molecular weight of PLA. Furthermore, the crystallization ability of PLA was also improved. In this paper, the biodegradable films exhibited excellent ultraviolet light conversion ability and mechanical properties.
Vanillin‐derived phosphorus‐containing compounds and ammonium polyphosphate as green fire‐resistant systems for epoxy resins with balanced properties
Authors: Xu Xiwei , Wang Sheng , Ma Songqi , Yuan Wangchao , Li Qiong , Feng Jie , Zhu Jin 
Published: October 2018

Flame retardants from vanillin when utilized together with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) yield excellent synergistic flame retardancy toward epoxy resins. Bisphenol A epoxy resins have been widely used due to their excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, electrical properties, adhesion, etc., while they are flammable. Environment‐friendly and bio‐based flame retardants have captured increasing attention due to their ecological necessity. In this paper, 3 bio‐based flame retardants were synthesized from abundant and more importantly renewable vanillin, and their chemical structures were determined by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. They were used together with APP (an environment‐friendly commercial flame retardant) to improve the fire resistance of bisphenol A epoxy resin. With the addition APP content of 15 phr, the modified bisphenol A epoxy resin could reach UL‐94V0 rating during vertical burning test and limit oxygen index values of above 35%, but reducing APP content to 10 phr, the flame retardancy became very poor. With the total addition content of 10 phr, the epoxy resins modified by 7 to 9 phr APP and 1 to 3 phr bio‐based flame retardants with epoxy groups or more benzene rings showed excellent flame retardancy with UL‐94V0 rating and limit oxygen index values of around 29%. The Tgs of the epoxy resins could be remained or even increased after introducing bio‐based flame retardants, as the control; those of APP alone‐modified epoxy resins compromised a lot. The green synergistic flame‐retardant systems have a great potential to be used in high‐performance materials.
Understanding care and outcomes in adolescents and young adults with cancer: A review of the AYA HOPE study
Authors: Smith Ashley Wilder , Keegan Theresa , Hamilton Ann , Lynch Charles , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Schwartz Stephen M. , Kato Ikuko , Cress Rosemary , Harlan Linda ,   AYA HOPE Study Collaborative Group
Published: October 2018

AbstractHistorically, adolescents and young adults (AYA) diagnosed with cancer have been an understudied population, and their unique care experiences, needs, and outcomes were not well understood. Thus, 10 years ago, the National Cancer Institute supported the fielding of the Adolescent and Young Adult Health Outcomes and Patient Experiences (AYA HOPE) study to address this gap. We recruited individuals diagnosed at ages 15 to 39 with germ cell, Hodgkin and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and sarcoma from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries into the first multicenter population‐based study of medical care, physical, and mental health outcomes for AYAs with cancer in the United States. This review of the 17 published manuscripts showed low awareness of clinical trials and substantial impact of cancer on financial burden, education and work, relationships and family planning, and physical and mental health. It highlights the feasibility of a longitudinal population‐based study and key lessons learned for research on AYAs with cancer in and beyond the United States.
Autistic traits in neurotypical individuals are associated with increased landmark use during navigation
Authors: Blanchette Caroll‐Ann , Amirova Jamila , Bohbot Veronique D. , West Greg L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPeople adopt two distinct learning strategies during navigation. “Spatial learners” navigate by building a cognitive map using environmental landmarks, and display more grey matter in the hippocampus. Conversely, “response learners” memorize a series of rigid turns to navigate and display more grey matter in the caudate nucleus of the striatum. Evidence has linked these two structures with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autistic traits in non‐clinical populations. Both people with ASD and neurotypical people with higher levels of autistic traits have been shown to display more grey matter in the hippocampus and less functional activity in the caudate nucleus. We therefore tested 56 healthy participants who completed the Autism Quotient (AQ) Scale and the 4‐on‐8 Virtual Maze (4/8 VM), which determines the reliance on landmarks during navigation. We found that people who relied on landmarks during navigation also displayed significantly higher scores on the AQ Scale. Because spatial strategies are associated with increased attention to environmental landmark use and are supported by the hippocampus, our results provide a potential behavioral mechanism linking higher autistic traits (e.g., increased attention to detail and increased sensory processes) to increased hippocampal grey matter.
Synthesis of poly(Nε‐phenoxycarbonyl‐l‐lysine) by polycondensation of activated urethane derivative and its application for selective modification of side chain with amines
Authors: Akbulut Huseyin , Ando Shota , Yamada Shuhei , Endo Takeshi 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe report a methodology for the synthesis of Nε‐phenoxycarbonyl‐protected poly(l‐lysine) on the side chain by chain growth polycondensation of Nα,Nε‐bis(phenoxycarbonyl)‐l‐lysine proceeded through the selective elimination of phenol and CO2 from the Nα phenoxycarbonyl moiety at 50 °C in N,N‐dimethylacetamide in the presence of a primary amine used as an initiator. After optimization of reaction condition, the addition of acetic acid during polycondensation proved effective for the realization of the predicted molecular weight and narrow dispersity of the corresponding polypeptide by adjusting the feed ratio of monomer to the amine initiator because of the suppression of interchain coupling that occurs between the amino terminus of poly(l‐lysine) and the Nε‐phenoxycarbonyl group on the polymer side chains. Furthermore, taking advantage of the potentially reactive Nε‐phenoxycarbonyl moiety on the side chain, post‐polymerization modification was effectively achieved by the nucleophilic reaction of amine compounds including primary, secondary, and aromatic amines through the formation of urea linkage, providing a useful platform for synthesis of selective side chain functionalization of poly(l‐lysine) samples. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 2522–2530
Ultrafast excited state dynamics of a bithiophene‐isoindigo copolymer obtained by direct arylation polycondensation and its application in indium tin oxide‐free solar cells
Authors: Tegegne Newayemedhin A. , Abdissa Zelalem , Mammo Wendimagegn , Andersson Mats R. , Schlettwein Derck , Schwoerer Heinrich 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA low band gap copolymer, P2TI (Eg = 1.6.eV), with bithiophene as donor and isoindigo as acceptor units is designed and synthesized by the direct arylation polycondensation (DAP) method. Absorbance of the polymer spans from 300 to 780 nm. It exhibits an absorption coefficient (ε) of 96 L/g cm in solution at its maxima. A HOMO level of −5.42 eV and LUMO level of −3.72 eV is measured by square wave voltammetry. ITO‐free solar cells fabricated using a P2TI:PCBM71 bulk heterojunction shows a moderate efficiency of 1.02% with a high open circuit voltage of 0.81 V. An intramolecular charge transfer state is found in the relaxation of P2TI in solution, which is generated with a time constant of 2 ps as measured by femtosecond‐transient absorption spectroscopy. Charge carriers were generated in <250 fs in P2TI:PCBM71 films. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1475–1483
A novel pseudo‐maximum likelihood estimation method for accelerated degradation tests under Wiener process
Authors: Wang Han , Zhao Yu , Ma Xiaobing , Wang Zhihua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor reliability assessment based on accelerated degradation tests (ADTs), an appropriate parameter estimation method is very important because it affects the extrapolation and prediction accuracy. The well‐adopted maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method focuses on interpolation fitting and obtains results via maximizing the likelihood of the observations. However, a best interpolation fitting does not necessarily yield a best extrapolation. In this paper, therefore, a pseudo‐MLE (P‐MLE) method is proposed to improve the prediction accuracy of constant‐stress ADTs by considering the degradation mechanism equivalence under Wiener process. In particular, the degradation mechanism equivalence is characterized by a mechanism equivalence factor which presents the proportional relationship between degradation rate and variation. Then, the mechanism equivalence factor is determined via a two‐step method. The other model parameters can be estimated by the general MLE method. The asymptotic variances of acceleration factors and the p‐quantile of product failure time under normal condition are adopted to compare the statistical properties of the proposed method and the general MLE approach. Numerical examples show that the novel P‐MLE method may not achieve a maximum likelihood but can provide more benefits regarding prediction accuracy enhancement especially when the sample size is limited.
Padé extrapolated effective Hamiltonians in the Fock space relativistic coupled cluster method
Authors: Zaitsevskii Andréi , Eliav Ephraim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe application of the conventional multiroot multireference coupled cluster methods to the description of molecular excited electronic states in wide areas of molecular geometries are frequently prevented by numerical instabilities due to the presence of intruder states. An efficient solution of this problem can consist in the intruder state avoidance through appropriate modification of energy denominators in coupled cluster equations followed by the suppression of the errors caused by this modification by the operator (matrix) Padé extrapolation of the sequences of resulting approximate effective Hamiltonians. Simple numerical illustrations of the efficiency of the extrapolation procedure are provided on examples of implementations within the Fock space relativistic coupled cluster approach.
The golden (Syrian) hamster as a model for the study of reproductive biology: Past, present, and future
Authors: Hirose Michiko , Ogura Atsuo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe golden (Syrian) hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) is a small rodent that belongs to the Cricetidae family. It has several unique features that are advantageous for the study of reproductive and developmental biology, including a consistent estrous cycle (4 days), high responsiveness to conventional superovulation regimens, and the short gestation period (16 days).MethodsBased on the published reports, the development in assisted reproductive technology (ART) in the golden hamsters was summarized.Main findingsThe technical ease of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in this species has contributed to our understanding of the basic mechanisms of mammalian fertilization in the last century. However, a strong developmental block in vitro of hamster embryos and unavailability of gene‐modified strains has hampered its broader use in biomedical fields. A recently developed in vivo transfection method has enabled us to generate gene knockout hamsters without any major obstacles. It would be interesting to revisit the genes whose functions could not be identified using mouse models.ConclusionThe authors expect that gene knockout hamsters might be able to substitute for mice—at least in part—for better understanding of gene functions in mammals including humans.
Finite‐time fully distributed formation reconfiguration control for UAV helicopters
Authors: Wang Dandan , Zong Qun , Tian Bailing , Wang Fang , Dou Liqian 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper studies finite‐time fully distributed formation and reconfiguration control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicle helicopter with disturbances and uncertainty. Based on adaptive and terminal sliding‐mode control techniques, a disturbance observer‐based fully distributed control strategy is proposed, which is independent of least nonzero eigenvalue of Laplacian matrix and achieves practical finite‐time formation tracking for a moving leader without any additional condition. The proposed method is proved superior to the existing method in converging time. The finite‐time stability of the closed‐loop error is proved by the Lyapunov theory. Considering formation configuration changing as a result of a task change, a modified finite‐time fully distributed controller including potential energy function gradient terms with an adaptive law is proposed. The novelty of the reconfiguration controller is that an adaptive law is firstly integrated in the gradient items, then the asymptotical stability is extended to practical finite‐time stability. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the developed algorithm.
What drives “customer loyalty”? The role of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Park Eunil , Kim Ki Joon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGiven the importance of customer loyalty in the sustainability and success of the service industry, this study develops a loyalty‐enhancement model that integrates corporate social responsibility, service quality, customer satisfaction, and trust and applies the model to the case of South Korean mobile telecommunication service companies in order to explicate the process through which these factors contribute to increasing the sense of loyalty among service subscribers. Results of a structural equation modeling analysis (N = 910) revealed that corporate social responsibility and service quality led customers to experience greater satisfaction with and trust in the service, which in turn encouraged customers to be more loyal to their current service providers. Implications of the notable findings and limitations are discussed.
Depth profiling of tungsten coating layer on CuCrZr alloy using LIBS approach
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Sun Li‐Ying , Liu Ping , Sattar Harse , Zhao Dongye , Mu Zongxin , Ding Hongbin 
Published: October 2018

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was employed to find the depth profile of W‐coated CuCrZr alloy. Cathodic arc deposition method was applied to produce tungsten coating on the CuCrZr alloy. The LIBS measurements were carried out by using a Nd:YAG laser at its fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) with various fluences. The spectral intensity emitted from laser induced plasma of the coating material was investigated for both elemental and depth‐profile analyses in terms of linear correlation coefficient. Other surface characterization techniques (scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray) were also used to determine morphology and elemental composition. It is observed that nonuniform radial energy distribution of Gaussian laser beam caused gradual decay of spectral lines of the coating and rise of substrate lines. The results indicate that the spectral intensity from W coating was higher than that from the bulk material at same laser fluence. The high‐resolution in‐depth profile was achieved at low fluence. This study demonstrates that LIBS is a promising technique for the depth‐profiling analysis of W coating of EAST‐like material and can be used to determine the material erosion and impurity deposition on plasma facing components.
Adsorption Energetics of Atoms and Diatomic Gases with Electrocatalysis Approach towards Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Pt Surfaces
Authors: Baraiya Bhumi A. , Mankad Venu , Jha Prafulla K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe computational study of chemisorption of atoms and gases intends to provide a great insight in the developing of an up‐to‐date elusive assessment of a correct choice of the site for the adsorption on platinum surfaces i. e. a key step for many chemical processes in catalysis and surface sciences. A density functional theory (DFT) calculation using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) scheme and supercell model with the inclusion of modified dispersion correction (DFT−D2) has been performed to explore the adsorption trends and evaluate adsorption energies of H, C, N, O, and S (atoms) and H2, C2, N2, O2, and S2 (homonuclear diatomic molecules) on Pt(111) and Pt(100) surfaces for multiple sites, in search of the most active catalytic site. Our chemisorption data revealed that the incorporation of DFT−D2 correction strengthens the adsorption energy by the amount of 0.05 eV to 0.67 eV for atoms and gases. Finally, this study focuses on unveiling catalytic activity of the two seemingly simplest electrochemical reactions; the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on numerous sites of Pt surfaces using the adsorption strength of H and O with the inclusion of DFT−D2 correction, which shows the good consistency with the results of standard DFT calculations. The highest catalytic activity towards HER is shown by Pt(100) in contrast to the best OER catalytic activity by Pt(111) surface with their respective most favorable 4fh and top sites.
Hedgehog‐Like Gold‐Coated Magnetic Microspheres that Strongly Inhibit Tumor Growth through Magnetomechanical Force and Photothermal Effects
Authors: Chen Yang , Han Pomchol , Wu Ying , Zhang Zefei , Yue Yan , Li Wenhao , Chu Maoquan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing magnetomechanical force to kill cancer cells has attracted great attention recently. This study presents novel hedgehog‐like microspheres composed of needle‐like magnetic nanoparticles with carbon and gold double shells. Using a novel low‐frequency vibrating magnetic field (VMF), these microspheres with sharp surfaces can seriously damage cancer cells and strongly inhibit mouse tumor growth through mechanical force. The cell killing efficiency depends on VMF exposure time, frequency, strength, and microsphere concentration. The maximum mechanical force generated by one microsphere acting on a cancer cell under a VMF is about 35.79 pN. The microspheres also induce photothermal ablation after being triggered by near‐infrared laser irradiation. Mouse tumors could not be detected after treatment with the synergistic stimuli of mechanical force and photothermal ablation. These results reveal a simple and highly efficient strategy using magnetic microspheres for local treatment of solid tumors in a remote and noninvasive manner.