bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive neuroprotective effects of 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol and allopregnanolone in an ex vivo rat glaucoma model
Authors: Ishikawa Makoto , Yoshitomi Takeshi , Covey Douglas F. , Zorumski Charles F. , Izumi Yukitoshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn a rat ex vivo acute glaucoma model, high pressure (75 mmHg) causes swelling of ganglion cell axons and elevates levels of the endogenous steroids 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24SH) and allopregnanolone (AlloP). Furthermore, 24SH (0.1 µM) alone elevates AlloP levels via NMDA receptors. With this model, we now investigate possible interactions between 24SH and AlloP. We found that inhibition of AlloP synthesis with dutasteride under high pressure results in severe excitotoxicity in addition to axonal swelling. The excitotoxicity is prevented by exogenous AlloP but not 24SH, indicating that endogenous AlloP is crucial for protection. However, inhibition of 24SH synthesis with voriconazole induces severe excitotoxicity under normal pressure. Paradoxically, the excitotoxicity by voriconazole is better prevented by AlloP than 24SH. These findings suggest that inhibition of 24SH synthesis becomes excitotoxic in the absence of AlloP. We also observed that co-administration of sub-micromolar 24SH (0.1 µM) and AlloP (0.1 µM), concentrations that are only partially effective when administered alone, prevents axonal swelling under high pressure. This apparent enhanced protection indicates strong interaction between the two neurosteroids to preserve neuronal integrity, with 24SH contributing to AlloP synthesis via NMDA receptors and with AlloP playing an essential role in neuroprotection via GABAA receptors.
Sexual difference of small RNA expression in Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Wang Bo , Shi Guocheng , Zhu Zhongqun , Chen Huiwen , Fu Qihua 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSmall RNAs, especially the microRNAs, have been revealed to play great roles in heart development and congenital heart defects. Several studies have shown dysregulated miRNAs in ventricular tissues of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients. In the present study, we conducted high throughput sequencing to obtain the global profiling of small RNA transcriptome in heart right ventricular samples from 10 age -matched TOF patients. These samples showed dominant composition of miRNA and mitochondrial associated RNAs. By sRNA cluster identification and differential gene expression analysis, significant sexual difference was discovered for sRNA expression in TOF patients. miR-1/miR-133, which have been identified as essential for cardiac development, account for the most variance of sRNA expression between sexes in TOF hearts.
Deciding for others as a neutral party recruits risk-neutral perspective-taking: Model-based behavioral and fMRI experiments
Authors: Ogawa Akitoshi , Ueshima Atsushi , Inukai Keigo , Kameda Tatsuya 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRisky decision making for others is ubiquitous in our societies. Whereas financial decision making for oneself induces strong concern about the worst outcome (maximin concern) as well as the expected value, behavioral and neural characteristics of decision making for others are less well understood. We conducted behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments to examine the neurocognitive underpinnings of risky decisions for an anonymous other, using decisions for self as a benchmark. We show that, although the maximin concern affected both types of decisions equally strongly, decision making for others recruited a more risk-neutral computational mechanism than decision making for self. Specifically, participants exhibited more balanced information search when choosing a risky option for others. Activity of right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ, associated with cognitive perspective taking) was parametrically modulated by options’ expected values in decisions for others, and by the minimum amounts in decisions for self. Furthermore, individual differences in self-reported empathic concern modified these attentional and neural processes. Overall, these results indicate that the typical maximin concern is attenuated in a risk-neutral direction in decisions for others as compared to self. We conjecture that, given others’ diverse preferences, deciding as a neutral party may cognitively recruit such risk-neutrality.
Single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse brain and lung vascular and vessel-associated cell types
Authors: He Liqun , Vanlandewijck Michael , Mäe Maarja Andaloussi , Andrae Johanna , Ando Koji , Del Gaudio Francesca , Nahar Khayrun , Lebouvier Thibaud , Laviña Bàrbara , Gouveia Leonor , Sun Ying , Raschperger Elisabeth , Segerstolpe Åsa , Liu Jianping , Gustafsson Sonja , Räsänen Markus , Zarb Yvette , Mochizuki Naoki , Keller Annika , Lendahl Urban , Betsholtz Christer 
Published: August 2018

AbstractVascular diseases are major causes of death, yet our understanding of the cellular constituents of blood vessels, including how differences in their gene expression profiles create diversity in vascular structure and function, is limited. In this paper, we describe a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset that defines vascular and vessel-associated cell types and subtypes in mouse brain and lung. The dataset contains 3,436 single cell transcriptomes from mouse brain, which formed 15 distinct clusters corresponding to cell (sub)types, and another 1,504 single cell transcriptomes from mouse lung, which formed 17 cell clusters. In order to allow user-friendly access to our data, we constructed a searchable database (http://betsholtzlab.org/VascularSingleCells/database.html). Our dataset constitutes a comprehensive molecular atlas of vascular and vessel-associated cell types in the mouse brain and lung, and as such provides a strong foundation for future studies of vascular development and diseases.
A global yield dataset for major lignocellulosic bioenergy crops based on field measurements
Authors: Li Wei , Ciais Philippe , Makowski David , Peng Shushi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractReliable data on biomass produced by lignocellulosic bioenergy crops are essential to identify sustainable bioenergy sources. Field studies have been performed for decades on bioenergy crops, but only a small proportion of the available data is used to explore future land use scenarios including bioenergy crops. A global dataset of biomass production for key lignocellulosic bioenergy crops is thus needed to disentangle the factors impacting biomass production in different regions. Such dataset will be also useful to develop and assess bioenergy crop modelling in integrated assessment socio-economic models and global vegetation models. Here, we compiled and described a global biomass yield dataset based on field measurements. We extracted 5,088 entries of data from 257 published studies for five main lingocellulosic bioenergy crops: eucalypt, Miscanthus, poplar, switchgrass, and willow. Data are from 355 geographic sites in 31 countries around the world. We also documented the species, plantation practices, climate conditions, soil property, and managements. Our dataset can be used to identify productive bioenergy species over a large range of environments.
Traces of exomoons in computed flux and polarization phase curves of starlight reflected by exoplanets
Authors: Berzosa Molina J. , Rossi L. , Stam D. M. 
Published: August 2018

Context.Detecting moons around exoplanets is a major goal of current and future observatories. Moons are suspected to influence rocky exoplanet habitability, and gaseous exoplanets in stellar habitable zones could harbor abundant and diverse moons to target in the search for extraterrestrial habitats. Exomoons contribute to exoplanetary signals but are virtually undetectable with current methods.Aims.We identify and analyze traces of exomoons in the temporal variation of total and polarized fluxes of starlight reflected by an Earth-like exoplanet and its spatially unresolved moon across all phase angles, with both orbits viewed in an edge-on geometry.Methods.We compute the total and linearly polarized fluxes, and the degree of linear polarizationPof starlight that is reflected by the exoplanet with its moon along their orbits, accounting for the temporal variation of the visibility of the planetary and lunar disks, and including the effects of mutual transits and mutual eclipses. Our computations pertain to a wavelength of 450 nm.Results.Total fluxFshows regular dips due to planetary and lunar transits and eclipses. PolarizationPshows regular peaks due to planetary transits and lunar eclipses, andPcan increase and/or slightly decrease during lunar transits and planetary eclipses. Changes inFandPwill depend on the radii of the planet and moon, on their reflective properties, and their orbits, and are about one magnitude smaller than the smooth background signals. The typical duration of a transit or an eclipse is a few hours.Conclusions.Traces of an exomoon due to planetary and lunar transits and eclipses show up in theFandPof sunlight reflected by planet–moon systems and could be searched for in exoplanet flux and/or polarization phase functions.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Baroch D. , Morales J. C. , Ribas I. , Tal-Or L. , Zechmeister M. , Reiners A. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Dreizler S. , Lalitha S. , Jeffers S. V. , Lafarga M. , Béjar V. J. S. , Colomé J. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Díez-Alonso E. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , Guenther E. W. , Hagen H.-J. , Henning T. , Herrero E. , Kürster M. , Montes D. , Nagel E. , Passegger V. M. , Perger M. , Rosich A. , Schweitzer A. , Seifert W. 
Published: August 2018

Context. The CARMENES spectrograph is surveying ∼300 M dwarf stars in search for exoplanets. Among the target stars, spectroscopic binary systems have been discovered, which can be used to measure fundamental properties of stars.
Aims. Using spectroscopic observations, we determine the orbital and physical properties of nine new double-line spectroscopic binary systems by analysing their radial velocity curves.
Methods. We use two-dimensional cross-correlation techniques to derive the radial velocities of the targets, which are then employed to determine the orbital properties. Photometric data from the literature are also analysed to search for possible eclipses and to measure stellar variability, which can yield rotation periods.
Results. Out of the 342 stars selected for the CARMENES survey, 9 have been found to be double-line spectroscopic binaries, with periods ranging from 1.13 to ∼8000 days and orbits with eccentricities up to 0.54. We provide empirical orbital properties and minimum masses for the sample of spectroscopic binaries. Absolute masses are also estimated from mass-luminosity calibrations, ranging between ∼0.1 and ∼0.6 M⊙.
Conclusions. These new binary systems increase the number of double-line M dwarf binary systems with known orbital parameters by 15%, and they have lower mass ratios on average.
Gewebe und Zellen – Validierung mikrobiologischer Prüfmethoden bei Verwendung antibiotikahaltiger Medien
Authors: Schroeter Jan , Pruß Axel , Schilling-Leiß Dagmar , Bekeredjian-Ding Isabelle 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungBei der Verarbeitung von Gewebe und Zellen zur Anwendung am Patienten können mikrobiologische Kontaminationen auftreten, die bei den Empfängern Infektionen verursachen können. Zur Keimreduktion werden Gewebe und Zellen daher mit Antibiotika behandelt. Die mikrobiologischen Kontrollmethoden müssen einfach, schnell und sensitiv sein und gemäß den Vorschriften im Europäischen Arzneibuch durchgeführt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt pragmatische Lösungsansätze für die Validierung von Proben, bei welchen die Restaktivität von Antibiotika das Keimwachstum hemmt und die Interpretation der Testergebnisse erschwert.
Intravasale Hämolyse eines stammzelltransplantierten pädiatrischen Patienten nach Transfusion eines minor-inkompatiblen Thrombozytenprodukts mit hohem Anti-A-Isoagglutinintiter
Authors: Hinz Anna , Enkel Sigrid , Zimmermann Birgit , Lang Peter , Bakchoul Tamam 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 11-jährigen Patienten mit einem myelodysplastischen Syndrom, der eine hämatopoetische Stammzelltransplantation eines HLA-identen, nicht verwandten Spenders erhielt. Nach fast täglicher Versorgung mit Pool-Thrombozytenkonzentraten über Wochen wurde der Patient aufgrund einer Therapierefraktärität mit Thrombozytenkonzentraten aus Apherese versorgt. Der Patient erhielt unter anderem 2 Aphereseprodukte von HLA-kompatiblen Spendern der Blutgruppe 0. In den Tagen nach Transfusion dieser AB0-(minor-)inkompatiblen Produkte kam es zum Anstieg der laborchemischen Hämolyseparameter. Der direkte Coombs-Test zeigte eine schwache Beladung mit IgG. Im Eluat (Lui-Eicher) aus Patientenerythrozyten konnte eine stark positive Reaktion mit Testzellen der Blutgruppe A beobachtet werden, obwohl die freien Anti-A-Isoagglutinine im Patientenserum nur einen Titer von 2 aufwiesen. Eine daraufhin durchgeführte Untersuchung des Spenderbluts ergab bei dem Spender des 2. Produkts einen hohen Isoagglutinintiter Anti-A von 2048. Im weiteren Verlauf wurden nur noch blutgruppengleiche Thrombozytenpräparate transfundiert. Parallel dazu erholten sich die Hämolyseparameter. Elf Tage später lag die LDH wieder im Bereich der Ausgangswerte vor Gabe des Thrombozytenprodukts mit dem nachgewiesenen hohen Anti-A-Titer. Dieser repräsentative Fall unterstreicht das Risiko einer posttransfusionellen Hämolyse infolge der Gabe von plasmahaltigen AB0-(minor-)inkompatiblen Thrombozytenkonzentraten und zeigt, dass ein individualisiertes Management unerlässlich ist bei der Versorgung von pädiatrischen hämatoonkologischen Patienten.
Brustrekonstruktion mit freien TRAM oder DIEP Lappen – Was ist zeitgemäßer Standard?
Authors: Eisenhardt Steffen U. , Momeni Arash , von Fritschen Uwe , Horch Raymund E. , Stark G. Björn , Bannasch Holger , Harder Yves , Heitmann Christoph , Kremer Thomas , Rieger Ulrich M. , Kneser Ulrich 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Brustrekonstruktion mit freiem Gewebetransfer vom Unterbauch als (muskelsparende) TRAM oder DIEP Lappenplastik stellt das Standardverfahren der autologen
Brustrekonstruktion dar. Durch operative Fortschritte ist es gelungen die Hebedefektmorbidität durch muskelsparende bzw. perforatorbasierte Techniken zu
minimieren. Hier stellt sich die Frage, in wie weit dies als ein notwendiger Standard angesehen werden kann oder ob auch Lappenplastiken mit Muskelanteilen
(MS-TRAM) noch als zeitgemäß anzusehen sind. In einem Konsensusworkshop der 3 Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der
peripheren Nerven und Gefäße (DAM) wurde die Datenlage kritisch geprüft und durch eine Expertengruppe ein Konsensus erarbeitet. Dieser beinhaltet neben den
aktuellen Daten zu Lappensicherheit und Hebedefektmorbidität aus der Literatur auch ein aktuelles Meinungsbild der Expertengruppe bzgl. verschiedener
technischer Details des operativen Vorgehens.
Elevation Technique for Medial Branch based Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator flap
Authors: Suh Young Chul , Hong Joon Pio , Suh Hyunsuk Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAccording to early studies on the superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator flap, there are two major types of perforators that are presumed to originate
from the superficial circumflex iliac artery: the medial perforator with a direct cutaneous vessel (superficial branch) - located relatively medially on the
flap, and the lateral perforator, traveling laterally beneath the deep fascia and often with an intramuscular pathway penetrating the deep fascia on the lateral
aspect (deep branch) of the flap. Although there are well described studies on the anatomy of the arterial vasculature, design and elevation of the flap are
different issues, as there are always some potential for anatomical variations, such as pedicle anatomy, location of lymph nodes, and thickness of superficial
fascia. The presence of internal pudendal artery and superficial inferior epigastric artery in the groin may add to the confusion. One should also beware of the
presence of major lymphatics which are drained into the superficial venous system. Therefore this paper will try to simplify the elevation technique based on
the medial perforator. However, one must always be ready to identify a good perforator and to elevate it as a freestyle approach to overcome the variations
wherever the perforator may originate from. The best way to feel comfortable using any flap is from practice and repetitive elevation. The same is for the
medial branch based SCIP flap. The direct cutaneous nature of the pedicle will make the dissection even easier as the dissection course bypasses muscle and
lymph nodes. This technical note describes practical surgical tips for elevating the medial perforator based SCIP flap.
Sind autonome Kliniken die besseren Forschungsstandorte? Einfluss von Eigenständigkeit auf Publikationsleistung und Studientypen in der
akademischen Plastischen Chirurgie
Authors: Schubert Cornelius Dieter , Haertnagl Felix , Elsner Jörg , Giunta Riccardo E. 
Published: August 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Trotz der zunehmenden Akzeptanz als autonome Fachdisziplin bleibt das Fachgebiet der Plastischen Chirurgie im Sinne eigenständiger Kliniken
mit eigener Forschungsinfrastruktur an deutschen Universitätsklinika immer noch unterrepräsentiert. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die aktuelle quantitative und
qualitative Publikationsleistung der deutschen akademischen Plastischen Chirurgie zu analysieren, um eigenständige Kliniken und untergeordnete
Organisationsstrukturen hinsichtlich ihrer wissenschaftlichen Effizienz zu vergleichen.
Material und Methoden Mittels einer Pubmed-Analyse wurde die Publikationsleistung im Untersuchungszeitraum von 2014 und 2015 erforscht. In einer
qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden anschließend potentielle Unterschiede bzgl. der Publikationsqualität und Studientypen untersucht.
Ergebnisse Der Großteil der Publikationen (81 %) und des kumulativen Impactfaktors (87 %) wurden von den eigenständigen Kliniken generiert.
Top-Publikationen mit einem Impactfaktor > 5 wurden ausschließlich an autonomen Kliniken veröffentlicht. Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse zeigte einen
unterschiedlichen Forschungs-Fokus bei den jeweiligen Organisationsstrukturen. Während an eigenständigen Kliniken 50 % der Publikationen experimentell,
klinisch-experimentell oder klinisch waren, lag bei den untergeordneten Organisationseinheiten der Hauptfokus auf den retrospektiv-statistischen Arbeiten mit 24
% im Gegensatz zu 10 % im Falle der eigenständigen Kliniken.
Schlussfolgerung Diese Studie zeigt, dass die Art der Organisationsstruktur einen bedeutenden Einflussfaktor auf die Publikationsleistung der deutschen
akademischen Plastischen Chirurgie darstellen könnte. Eine zunehmende Autonomie einer akademischen plastisch-chirurgischen Einheit könnte daher sehr
wahrscheinlich zu einer verbesserten Publikationsleistung, -qualität und zu komplexeren Studientypen führen.
Vitamin D niemals ohne Vitamin K2 – Imperativ oder Konjunktiv?
Authors: Gröber Uwe , Kisters Klaus 
Published: August 2018

ZusammenfassungIn der Fachwelt, aber auch auf Seiten der Verbraucher kursiert seit einiger Zeit die Aussage, Vitamin D müsse mit Vitamin K2 kombiniert supplementiert werden. Bisher vorliegende Studien dazu sind allerdings extrem heterogen. Zum einen wurde Vitamin D nicht in einer rationalen Tagesdosierung eingesetzt, zum anderen liegen keine wissenschaftlichen Studien zum Verhältnis von Vitamin D und Vitamin K vor. Die Aussage, Vitamin D würde ohne Vitamin K2 eine Gefäßverkalkung verursachen, entbehrt jeglicher wissenschaftlichen Evidenz.Studien zur Osteoporosetherapie mit postmenopausalen Frauen zeigten Vorteile einer kombinierten Gabe von Vitamin D und Vitamin K, die Supplementierung kann unter synergistischen Aspekten daher sinnvoll sein.Insgesamt sind weitere größere Interventionsstudien dringend erforderlich.
Factor VIII S373L: Mutation at P1’ Site Confers Thrombin Cleavage Resistance, Causing Mild Haemophilia A
Authors: Johnson D J D , Pemberton S , Acquila M , Mori P G , Tuddenham E G D , O'Brien D P 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA novel CRM+ mutation, factor VIII position 373 serine to leucine substitution (FVIII 373-Leu) was identified during a survey of Factor VIII (FVIII) mutations. We have purified the variant protein from the patient's plasma in order to allow further characterisation of the molecule. The CRM+ plasma contained 120% Factor VIII antigen (FVIILAg) and 6% Factor Vili coagulant activity (FVIILC). After purification the mutant FVIII was subjected to thrombin proteolysis, and was thereby activated 5.6-fold compared with 7-fold for wild type molecule. Subsequently, spontaneous inactivation of the mutant was much slower than noted for wild type FVIII. Western blot analysis using monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that thrombin cleavage of FVIII 373-Leu at positions 740 and 1689 were normal but that cleavage at position 372 was completely absent.Crystallographic coordinates of the active site of thrombin complexed to fibrinopeptide A were used to explore possible mechanistic reasons for the failure of thrombin to cleave the mutant FVIII at position 372. Steric hindrance between the mutant side chain and the side chain of the PI residue was apparent. We conclude that the functional defect of FVIII 373-Leu results from the inability of thrombin to cleave the mutant at position 372-373, and propose that this is due to steric hindrance by the side chain of leucine 373, preventing correct formation of the enzyme substrate complex.
Collaborative Study on Assays of Activated FIX (FIXa) On Behalf of the Factor VIII and Factor IX Subcommittee of the ISTH
Authors: Gray Elaine , Walker Dawn , Heath Alan , Barrowcliffe Trevor W 
Published: August 2018

SummaryA collaborative study has been organised by NIBSC to examine the performance of FIXa assays between laboratories, and to investigate the need for a standard. Ampoules of 3 materials, one monocomponent concentrate (coded C) and 2 different preparations of purified human FIXa (one proposed reference preparation, coded A and a test material coded B), have been assayed in 11 laboratories for FIXa using either the NIBSC method or a local method, with local standards (if available, coded D) to determine their potencies. The data showed high between assay variability; with the exception of one laboratory, most of the between assay variation expressed as %geometric coefficients of variation (gcv) were over 15%The interlaboratory gcv when preparation B was assayed against the local standard was over 1700%, suggesting that most of the local standards are poorly calibrated. The %gcv was improved to 80% when reference A was used as the standard. These data clearly show that an international reference standard for FIXa would help to standardise FIXa preparations and would also improve in house assays for FIXa. However, an accelerated degradation study has shown that reference A is not suitable as a long term standard and another material with suitable stabilisers has to be established as an international standard for FIXa.