bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The visual nature of information warfare: the construction of partisan claims on truth and evidence in the context of wars in Ukraine and Israel/Palestine
Authors: Hameleers Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite the potential of visual disinformation to deceive people on pressing socio-political issues, we currently lack an understanding of how online visual disinformation (de)legitimizes partisan truth claims at times of war. As an important next step in disinformation theory and research, this article inductively mapped a wide variety of global visual disinformation narratives on armed conflicts disseminated via social media. The narratives were sampled through various international fact-checking databases, involving multiple social media platforms and countries. The analyses reveal that visual disinformation mainly consisted of existing footage that was decontextualized in a deceptive manner based on time, location, or fictionality. Moving beyond existing research exploring how decontextualized visuals offer proof for counter-factual narratives, our findings indicate that visuals contribute to the process of othering by constructing a “delusional rationality” that legitimizes mass violence and the destruction of the other. These findings have crucial ramifications for international policy and interventions at times of global armed conflicts that are covered widely across social media channels.
Frequentist inference for semi-mechanistic epidemic models with interventions
Authors: Bong Heejong , Ventura Valérie , Wasserman Larry 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The effect of public health interventions on an epidemic are often estimated by adding the intervention to epidemic models. During the Covid-19 epidemic, numerous papers used such methods for making scenario predictions. The majority of these papers use Bayesian methods to estimate the parameters of the model. In this article, we show how to use frequentist methods for estimating these effects which avoids having to specify prior distributions. We also use model-free shrinkage methods to improve estimation when there are many different geographic regions. This allows us to borrow strength from different regions while still getting confidence intervals with correct coverage and without having to specify a hierarchical model. Throughout, we focus on a semi-mechanistic model which provides a simple, tractable alternative to compartmental methods.
Laparoscopic removal of a broken acupuncture needle in pancreatic head: a case report
Authors: Kim Kil Hwan , Jo Sungho , Song Sanghyun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Acupuncture, a well-established traditional medical practice in East Asia, is rarely associated with complications associated with broken needles. A 45-year-old woman had received acupuncture treatment 3 months before presentation to relieve back pain and complained of persistent epigastric pain. Radiological studies revealed chronic cholecystitis with stones and a broken acupuncture needle in the pancreatic head. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and foreign body removal were performed, and the patient recovered quickly during a short hospital stay. We confirm that a needle found in the pancreas can usually be safely removed with minimally invasive surgery.
Successful treatment of grade III traumatic pancreatic injury with non-operative management: a case report
Authors: Matsushita Kazuki , Urakami Atsushi , Takaoka Munenori , Ishii Katsunori , Tanikawa Tomohiro , Kawamoto Hirofumi , Yamatsuji Tomoki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
According to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, distal pancreatectomy or pancreatic duct drainage is recommended for grade III traumatic pancreatic injuries. We report a case of traumatic pancreatic injury involving the main pancreatic duct in which this method failed to drain fluid from the area distal to the injury site. A 19-year-old woman presented with a bruised upper left abdomen after a bicycle fall. Computed tomography revealed a linear area of poor contrast in the pancreatic body, leading to the diagnosis of grade III pancreatic injury. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography revealed damage to the pancreatic duct, prompting endoscopic pancreatic stent placement. We added abdominal cavity drainage, peritoneal lavage, and endoscopic ultrasound-guided transgastric pseudocyst drainage. In the patient with pancreatic duct injury, drainage distal to the injury site was unattainable with a pancreatic duct stent; therefore, alternative drainage sites were utilized, thereby obviating the need for surgery.
Fulminant amoebic colitis: a challenging diagnosis for the surgeon
Authors: Barrón-Díaz David Rafael , Meza-Hernández Javier , Hernández-Montiel Erika , Solis-Coronado Orlando , Betancourt-Ferreyra Jessica Jazmín , Núñez-Venzor Alejandra , Trejo-Ávila Mario , Alvarez-Bautista Francisco E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fulminant amoebic colitis is a rare complication of amoebiasis that carries a high mortality rate. Its diagnosis is challenging and requires a high index of suspicion, and its early recognition is a priority to provide timely medical and surgical treatment. We present the case of a male patient who came to the emergency department with unspecific clinical presentation of abdominal pain, systemic inflammatory response and imaging study showing intestinal perforation of the right colon. Fecal peritonitis and perforation at the level of the hepatic flexure were observed, so a right hemicolectomy with terminal ileostomy was performed. Despite adequate medical and surgical treatment, the patient presented progressive deterioration and died. Colon perforation due to Entamoeba histolytica was the final diagnosis.
Lung resection from wedge to pneumonectomy as surgical options for pulmonary mucormycosis
Authors: Pohlman Alexander , Nizamuddin Mohammad , Albarillo Fritzie S , Abdelsattar Zaid M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pulmonary mucormycosis (PM) is a rare and life-threatening condition, most prevalent in immunocompromised patients. Early signs and symptoms are often nonspecific. A high index of suspicion in at risk patients should prompt early infectious work-up, including bronchoscopy, followed by aggressive antifungal therapy and early surgical resection when indicated. We demonstrate these core tenants of diagnosis and management of PM via two patient presentations, the first involving a kidney transplant recipient who presented with a mild cough, found to have a lung lesion with rapid growth over a few weeks; the second involving a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who presented with hemoptysis and imaging revealing a 5 cm perihilar mass obliterating the left pulmonary artery. Both patients were managed with aggressive surgical therapy.
To the logical foundations of random number generator construction
Authors: Enikeev Ruslan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study explores fundamental aspects of probability theory within the framework of constructing random sequences or random number generators. We propose an interpretation of probability spaces and operations on formal events through the theory of formal languages, utilizing string manipulation techniques. As part of the research, we present a direct implementation of the discussed concepts in the form of a program that generates random numbers of the required type by processing signals from a sound card. Additionally, the problem of primality testing, which is particularly relevant to practical cryptographic applications, is addressed. We critically examine common misconceptions regarding the properties of Carmichael numbers and the application of Fermat’s Little Theorem. Furthermore, we propose an efficient primality testing algorithm.
New tools for studying planarity in galaxy satellite systems: Milky Way satellite planes are consistent with ΛCDM
Authors: Uzeirbegovic E , Martin G , Kaviraj S , Jackson R A , Kraljic K , Dubois Y , Pichon C , Devriendt J , Peirani S , Silk J , Yi S K 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new concept – termed ‘planarity’ – which aims to quantify planar structure in galaxy satellite systems without recourse to the number or thickness of planes. We use positions and velocities from the Gaia EDR3 to measure planarity in Milky Way (MW) satellites and the extent to which planes within the MW system are kinematically supported. We show that the position vectors of the MW satellites exhibit strong planarity but the velocity vectors do not, and that kinematic coherence cannot, therefore, be confirmed from current observational data. We then apply our methodology to NewHorizon, a high-resolution cosmological simulation, to compare satellite planarity in MW-like galaxies in a Lambda cold dark matter ($\rm {\Lambda CDM}$)-based model to that in the MW satellite data. We demonstrate that kinematically supported planes are common in the simulation and that the observed planarity of MW satellites is not in tension with the standard $\rm {\Lambda CDM}$ paradigm.
Conservation ecology of land snails: a synthesis for Estonia
Authors: Remm Liina , Vaikre Maarja , Linnamägi Merike , Lõhmus Asko 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We provide a synthesis of how the regional fauna of land snails, a flagship group among invertebrates, is distributed across ecosystems and how that translates to conservation priorities in Estonia. The data were compiled from 24 assemblage studies (mostly sample quadrats or substrate volume sampling; totalling &gt;80,000 individuals) and from species records of infrequent species in the country since the 1970s. These data were quantitatively analysed for snail diversity and species frequencies by ecosystem types, and for the conservation status and indicator value of species. The known Estonian extant fauna contains 80 native and 12 presumably non-native species, of which 11 native species were assessed as threatened (2 not found in the 21st century). Hydrologically functional fens, old eutrophic forests, wooded meadows and calcareous areas appeared hotspots for threatened species and for overall snail diversity and abundance. As conservation measures, strict protection of natural forests and fens is fundamental, whereas the consequences of ecological restoration of alvars and fens require further study. Invasion of non-native species has greatly accelerated in the last 15 years, but it still mostly affects human settlements and their surroundings. We conclude that the Estonian land snail fauna is in a vulnerable state that largely depends on the integrity of hotspot ecosystems. There is a critical lack of knowledge on the value of small habitat patches and ecological restoration, and ecological responses to the snail invasions.
Medicine for a Changing Planet: Online Clinical Cases in Planetary Health and Infectious Diseases
Authors: Judson Seth D , Ripp Kelsey , Benzekri Noelle A , LaBeaud A Desiree , Veidis Erika , Xie Michael , Tin Alice , Barry Michele , Rabinowitz Peter 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Planetary health and One Health have become key concepts in public health, scientific, and veterinary training, yet these concepts remain incompletely integrated into clinical medical education. Recognizing this gap, we created a free online curriculum called “Medicine for a Changing Planet,” geared towards training the next generation of health professionals in clinical skills to detect and manage the impacts of global and local environmental change on their patients. Using a case conference-style format familiar to medical trainees, we created 11 clinical case studies teaching both planetary health concepts and clinical competencies, leveraging Bloom’s Taxonomy. Here we describe the creation of these clinical cases, highlighting those centered on emerging infectious diseases that teach clinical skills related to the human-animal interface, globalization, and climate change. The online cases have been visited by over 4,000 unique users from 99 countries, piloted with residency and medical school programs, and made available for CME credit.
Prevention of cardiac tamponade by left intercostal Pericardiotomy for massive recurrent pericardial effusion: a case report
Authors: Nakajima Tomohiro , Mukawa Kei , Kouzu Hidemichi , Kamada Ayaka , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This case involved an 89-year-old woman with a history of left nephrectomy for left renal cell carcinoma at the age of 87 years. She had been gradually accumulating pericardial effusion for the past 4 years. She presented with signs of tachycardia and hypotension suggestive of cardiac tamponade due to pericardial effusion, and pericardiocentesis was performed below the xiphoid process in the cardiology department. Serous fluid was aspirated, and malignancy was ruled out by various tests. The patient subsequently developed recurrent pericardial effusion and was admitted to the hospital. Cardiovascular surgery was performed for pericardial drainage. A left intercostal incision was made for pericardiotomy and drainage of the pericardial effusion, allowing it to accumulate in the left pleural cavity in case of future accumulation. Pathological examination of the pericardium revealed no specific findings, and no cancer cells were present in the pericardial fluid. Prednisolone therapy was initiated for idiopathic pericarditis.
Hepatic epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma presenting synchronously with hepatocellular carcinoma-a case report
Authors: Pan Anna , Xu Shuang , Hong Liang , Zhu Wenwei , Zhou Yu , Wang Xiaoyang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Backgrounds: Primary hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (HEHE) is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin with varying biologic behavior, making it challenging to diagnose.
Case presentation: We present a case of synchronous hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HEHE in a 43-year-old Chinese male patient. Multiple hypoechoic liver lesions were depicted, but no specific imaging findings were detected on enhanced computed tomography (CT) or contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient then underwent [18F]-FDG PET/CT, [11C]-acetate PET/CT, and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. The HEHE lesions demonstrated no uptake on both 18F-FDG and 11C-acetate PET/CT imaging, but presented a clear visualization in [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. The largest lesion located in segment VII was finally diagnosed as HCC, while the other smaller ones were diagnosed as HEHE, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for CD31. To the best of our knowledge, only 2 cases have been reported in the worldwide literature, and the first case undertook both 11C-acetate and [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT instead of 18F-FDG PET/CT.
Conclusion: In this report, we show that HCC and HEHE may occur synchronously, and HEHE should be considered when liver lesions are detected. [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT has great potential in the detection, staging and therapy selection of HEHE.
Beyond the expected: left ventricular myocardial hydatid cyst a case report
Authors: Lanjeri Safae , Imrani Kaoutar , Mesbah Oumaima , Mouatassim Billah Nabil , Nassar Ittimade 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hydatid disease is an infection caused by the larval form of Echinococcus. It is a zoonosis primarily affecting the lungs and liver. While pulmonary involvement is most common, the cysts can develop in various extrapulmonary sites within the thorax, such as the pleural cavity, fissures, mediastinum, heart, vascular structures, chest wall, and diaphragm. However, intracardiac localization of hydatid cyst is very rare and it is found in less than 2% of cases. Cardiac involvement can be caused by systemic or pulmonary circulation, or by direct spread from adjacent structures. Imaging techniques, particularly MRI, play a crucial role not only in diagnosing hydatid cysts, but also in assessing their extension and identifying complications. We report a case of a 13-year-old girl, with a left ventricular myocardial hydatid cyst.
An evaluation of the impact of a national Minimum Unit Price on alcohol policy on alcohol behaviours
Authors: Mohan Gretta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
In 2018, Scotland pioneered national legislation which set a Minimum Unit Price (MUP) of 50 pence (∼US$0.64, €0.59) per unit of UK alcohol sold (8 g/10 ml). To inform policy development, we examine the policy effect using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C), employing longitudinal data for over 17 200 individuals.

Methods
The effect of MUP on AUDIT-C scores is inferred by employing difference-in-difference regression. Pre- and post-intervention alcohol behaviours of individuals from Scotland are compared to a matched ‘control’ from England. Drinking at hazardous and harmful levels could be identified, as well as the frequency of alcohol consumption, number of drinks and heavy episodic drinking. Estimates adjust for demographic, socioeconomic and health characteristics. Potential inequalities by gender, age and household income are examined.

Results
MUP led to an estimated 5.3% reduction in the number of drinks consumed on drinking occasions, though a statistically significant effect on overall reported AUDIT-C scores or drinking at hazardous levels was not detected, with few differential effects for subgroups.

Conclusions
Differences in the findings of this research compared to other studies may be explained by differences in population coverage collected in the survey data, compared to more comprehensive, population-wide administrative data, as well as sample attrition.
Neural divergence between individuals with and without minor depression during dynamic emotion processing: a movie-fMRI Study
Authors: Zhang Manqi , Deng Mengjie , Li Xiaowen , Zhang Rui , Liao Jiejie , Peng Jun , Feng Huiyan , Tang Shixiong , Chen Yujie , Mo Lei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Research on the neuropathological mechanisms underlying minor depression (MD), particularly in individuals with a history of recurrent minor depressive episodes, is very limited. This study focuses on the abnormality in processing real-life emotional stimuli among individuals with MD. Thirty-two individuals with MD and 31 normal controls (NC) were recruited and underwent comprehensive clinical interview, cognitive assessment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. During functional MRI scanning, subjects watched positive, negative, and neutral emotional movie clips. We used the inter-subject correlation and inter-subject functional connectivity analysis to investigate the neural differentiation between MD and NC during film viewing. The relationships between neural differentiation, symptom severity, and psychological resilience were analysed. We found that neural differentiations between individuals with MD and NC in the post cingulate cortex (PCC) and precuneus (PCUN) were consistent across three emotional conditions. Notably, the similarity of neural responses in the PCC and PCUN with NC but not MD was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, this neural similarity mediated the relationship between psychological resilience and depression severity. Our findings support that the PCC and PCUN, two core areas of the default mode network, play a critical role in MD’s emotion processing deficit.
Cervical Degenerative Myelopathy is an Unexpected Risk Factor for Hip Fractures
Authors: Plais Nicolas , Garzón-Alfaro Adoración , Carrasco Jiménez Carlos José , Almagro Gil Maria Isabel , Jiménez-Herrero Enrique , Gómez Sánchez Rafael Carlos , Martín Roldán José Luis , Lafage Virginie , Schwab Frank 
Published: November 2024

Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Objective:
To assess the potential role of degenerative myelopathy as a risk factor for major fragility fractures in older patients.

Background:
Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) stands as the foremost spinal disorder affecting adults, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. However, it is often underdiagnosed, with its prevalence traditionally considered low (0.06%–0.112%). Despite the rising prevalence of hip fractures with an aging population and the identification of numerous risk factors, DCM is not typically regarded as a primary risk factor for such fractures. In 2015, an American study revealed an unexpectedly high rate of 18% of undiagnosed DCM in patients with hip fractures within a small cohort. We sought to replicate this study in a larger cohort of a European population.

Materials and Methods:
Our cross-sectional study targeted patients older than 65 years with hip fractures and aimed to identify cases of DCM at the time of fracture. Exclusions were made for patients with preexisting DCM diagnoses, neurological disorders, prior cervical surgeries, and instances of high-energy trauma. Comprehensive demographic, clinical, and radiologic data were collected, followed by descriptive and statistical analysis.

Results:
In our study, 147 patients (mean age: 82.9 y) were included. Through a combination of clinical assessment and physical examination, 23 patients (15.6%) were identified as indicative of myelopathy. Confirmation through magnetic resonance imaging led to an estimated overall prevalence of DCM at 10.5%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of hypertonic reflexes, cervical pain, or cervicobrachialgia were specific and valuable indicators for diagnosing myelopathy.

Conclusion:
This study marks the first investigation of its kind in a European population, highlighting the notably high prevalence of undiagnosed DCM among older patients who have experienced hip fractures. This underscores DCM as a potential risk factor for hip fractures in the elderly, despite its underdiagnosis and undertreatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Maternal and Neonatal Infectious Outcomes Compared According to Rupture of Membrane Duration and Antibiotic Administration: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Abu Shqara Raneen , Glikman Daniel , Lowenstein Lior , Frank Wolf Maya 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Prolonged rupture of membranes (ROM) is associated with peripartum infections; the optimal timing to initiate prophylactic antibiotic treatment is inconclusive. We compared maternal and neonatal infectious morbidity and bacterial distribution in chorioamniotic-membrane cultures according to a ROM-to-delivery interval of 12–18 versus ≥18 hours.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a single tertiary university-affiliated hospital from January 2020 to January 2023. Labor was induced in term singleton pregnant women with ROM ≥12 hours who did not deliver spontaneously within 12–24 hours. Prophylactic ampicillin was administered based on risk factors. Outcomes were compared between ROM 12–18 hours (n = 683) and >18 hours (n = 1039); the latter uniformly received intrapartum antibiotics. The primary maternal outcome was clinical chorioamnionitis. The secondary outcomes included intrapartum fever, cesarean delivery, puerperal endometritis and hospitalization length. Neonatal outcomes included early-onset sepsis, 5-minute Apgar score <7, length of stay, respiratory distress and ventilation support.

Results:
The clinical chorioamnionitis rate was comparable between the ROM 12- to 18- and the ≥18-hour groups. However, intrapartum fever occurred more frequently in the former (15.5% vs. 11.6%, P = 0.024), and postoperative infections were significantly higher (11.7% vs. 4.5%, P = 0.020). Cesarean deliveries were more common in ROM ≥18 versus 12–18 hours (21.3% vs. 16.3%, P = 0.028). Neonatal outcomes were similar between the groups. The bacterial distributions among chorioamniotic-membrane cultures were similar, the most common isolated pathogens were Enterobacteriaceae.

Conclusions:
Although the risk of chorioamnionitis was similar, the incidence of intrapartum fever and postoperative infections were higher in ROM 12–18 versus ≥18 hours. Initiating antibiotic prophylactic treatment at 12 hours post-prelabor ROM may be beneficial.