bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of support and financing of the armed forces as one of the key elements of the stability of the Ukrainian economy and ensuring its sustainable growth
Authors: Pakholchuk Vadym 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Military conflicts cause a lot of destructive influences not only on the political situation in the country but of course on its the financial system. That’s why in this article, the main emphasis of the research was done on risk-ratio analysis of the Ukraine and Israel economies since the role of military budget expenditures in the whole financial system is growing. Military finance is one of the biggest components of the financial system of Ukraine. So, according to the nowadays situation and military conflict in Ukraine appears the necessity of searching for new ways to increase this kind of expenditures efficiently.
Aim and tasks. The problem of the research was to measure risks of the economies according to the GDP trends and to find the place of the military expenditures in all government expenditures.
Results. In the research results, it should be mentioned that the most difficult approach for comparing is the international currency, which is weighed against the depreciation of cash flows in time. However, the research used the current exchange rate for convenience. But, this does not have a significant effect on the interpretation of the results of the research, presented in the form of a CAPM analysis of the economies of countries and their defense expenditures. After all, trends are generally observed over a period of time that has been analyzed. The general state of financial systems in the regions was analyzed as the value of volatility, aggregate risks and the overall growth of the economy. The US GDP, as for an example of the largest economy in the world, served as a comparative basis. It correlates and affects all other financial markets. The obtained results made it possible to draw conclusions about the attractiveness of the state for potential investors, despite armed conflicts with neighbors in the territory and areas of influence on the regions under control. In this paper, a standard statistical analysis package was used using an example of linear regression with one variable. The power of the influence of military expenditures was measured by the ratio of variables and their correlations. The obtained results were characterized by a high level of interconnection power and reliability of the hypotheses obtained. This gives an opportunity to describe the role of military conflicts and support the Armed Forces for the state economy.
Conclusions. The result of the presented research of the role of support and financing of the Armed Forces as one of the key elements of the stability of the Ukrainian economy and ensuring its sustainable growth is the sustaining of the military expenditures for Ukraine. The presented conclusion was approved on the Israel example and calculations. This approach and methodology is universal and can be used for other researches.
Biomechanical evaluation of traditional posterior versus anterior spondylolisthesis reduction in a cadaveric grade I slip model
Authors: Hitchon Patrick W. , Mahoney Jonathan M. , Harris Jonathan A. , Hussain Mir M. , Klocke Noelle F. , Hao John C. , Drazin Doniel , Bucklen Brandon S. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVEPosterior reduction with pedicle screws is often used for stabilization of unstable spondylolisthesis to directly reduce misalignment or protect against micromotion while fusion of the affected level occurs. Optimal treatment of spondylolisthesis combines consistent reduction with a reduced risk of construct failure. The authors compared the reduction achieved with a novel anterior integrated spacer with a built-in reduction mechanism (ISR) to the reduction achieved with pedicle screws alone, or in combination with an anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) spacer, in a cadaveric grade I spondylolisthesis model.METHODSGrade I slip was modeled in 6 cadaveric L5–S1 segments by creation of a partial nucleotomy and facetectomy and application of dynamic cyclic loading. Following the creation of spondylolisthesis, reduction was performed under increasing axial loads, simulating muscle trunk forces between 50 and 157.5 lbs, in the following order: bilateral pedicle screws (BPS), BPS with an anterior spacer (BPS+S), and ISR. Percent reduction and reduction failure load—the axial load at which successful reduction (≥ 50% correction) was not achieved—were recorded along with the failure mechanism. Corrections were evaluated using lateral fluoroscopic images.RESULTSThe average loads at which BPS and BPS+S failed were 92.5 ± 6.1 and 94.2 ± 13.9 lbs, respectively. The ISR construct failed at a statistically higher load of 140.0 ± 27.1 lbs. Reduction at the largest axial load (157.5 lbs) by the ISR device was tested in 67% (4 of 6) of the specimens, was successful in 33% (2 of 6), and achieved 68.3 ± 37.4% of the available reduction. For the BPS and BPS+S constructs, the largest axial load was 105.0 lbs, with average reductions of 21.3 ± 0.0% (1 of 6) and 32.4 ± 5.7% (3 of 6) respectively.CONCLUSIONSWhile both posterior and anterior reduction devices maintained reduction under gravimetric loading, the reduction capacity of the novel anterior ISR device was more effective at greater loads than traditional pedicle screw techniques. Full correction was achieved with pedicle screws, with or without ALIF, but under significantly lower axial loads. The anterior ISR may prove useful when higher reduction forces are required; however, additional clinical studies will be needed to evaluate the effectiveness of anterior devices with built-in reduction mechanisms.
On the sensitivity of a laser heterodyne polarimeter for vacuum birefringence detection
Authors: Alberts Gabriel , Hollis Hal , LaBollita Harrison , Mueller Guido 
Published: May 2019

Detecting vacuum magnetic birefringence (VMB) requires an immensely accurate, precisely calibrated experiment. We are working on a new design to detect the birefringence (BF) of individual optical components without a cavity that can also be used to measure VMB in reflection off a cavity. Our design uses two overlapping, orthogonally polarized laser beams to measure the relative phase difference between a reference path and one with rotating polarizations, which may experience oscillating phase shifts in vacuum in the presence of a magnetic field. To test the design, we developed a small-scale setup without cavities that can analyze different birefringent sources with the same principle. Our early results from testing mirrors show spatial variations in BF due to imperfect mirror coatings and show no correlation between the strength of a magnetic field applied parallel to the mirror’s surface and BF amplitude. In addition to assisting in the selection of suitable components for the final design, our laser heterodyne polarimeter (LHP) promises more sensitive results than previous experiments and may very well be the basis for the very first detection of VMB.
A STUDY TO COMPARE CAUDAL DEXMEDETOMIDINE VERSUS FENTANYL AS ADJUVANT TO 0.25% LEVOBUPIVACAINE FOR POSTOPERATIVE SEDATION IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS UNDERGOING INFRAUMBLICAL SURGERIES UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA
Authors: Chauhan Kanchan , Sharma Roma 
Published: May 2019

Background: Caudal analgesia reduces the amount of inhaled and intravenous (i.v.) anaesthetic requirement, attenuates the stress response to surgery, facilitates a rapid, smooth recovery and provides good post operative analgesia and sedation.
Methods: 135 patients of either sex, aged between 2 to 8 years, having body weight 10 to 30kg belonging to ASA Grade I and II scheduled for infraumblical surgeries under GA were randomized into three groups of 45 each to receive the caudal block i.e Group A received .25% levobupivacaine (.75ml/kg) with 0.9%NS. Group B received .25%levobupivacaine (.75ml/kg) with fentanyl 1mcg/kg diluted with 0.9%NS upto 1ml and Group C received 0.25%levobupivacaine (0.75ml/kg) with dexmedetomidine 1mcg/kg diluted with 0.9%NS upto 1ml.
Results: There was statistically insignificant difference in the socio- demographic variables in terms of age, weight, sex ratio, ASA Grade and duration of surgery among the study groups. There was statistically significant (p<0.05) prolongation in the duration of arousable sedation, recorded using the Ramsay sedation score in Group C(up to 4hrs), in contrast to Group A( up to 1hrs) and Group B(up to 2hrs).
Conclusion: The mean ramsay sedation score was significantly greater in the group levobupivacaine with dexmedetomidine as compared to levobupivacaine alone and levobupivacaine with fentanyl group.
Keywords: Ramsay sedation score, Levobupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine, Caudal analgesia.
ТЕПЛООБМЕН ВО ВРАЩАЮЩЕМСЯ ГЛАДКОМ КРУГЛОМ КАНАЛЕ И ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЕГО ИНТЕНСИВНОСТЬ ВИХРЕВОГО ТЕЧЕНИЯ
Authors: Шманенко Андрей Иванович , Сербин Сергей Иванович 
Published: May 2019

The paper deals with the analysis of heat transfer intensity in a rotating smooth channel, which simulates a cooling channel of rotating blade of the gas turbine engine. A circle cross-section channel with a diameter of 6 mm and length of 80 mm was chosen as the base variant. The calculations of heat transfer in rotating and stationary channels were carried out, which allows estimating the influence of vortex flow on the intensity of heat transfer. Rotation of the channel was simulated by means of domain rotating. The rotation speed of the test channel is 7400 rev/min. Axis of rotation is at a distance of 0.49 m from the inlet section of the channel. Pressure and temperature were specified as inlet boundary conditions: 1040000 Pa and 733 K, respectively. The mass flow rate of 0.02 kg/s was specified as outlet boundary conditions. The computations were performed by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS method) using an SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model. The air ideal gas was used as the working medium. The calculation was performed taking into consideration the Buoyancy effect. Verification of heat exchange calculation model in the rotary channel of the gas turbine engine rotor blade according to experimental data is carried out. The boundary conditions at the input and output of the channel were set in such a way that the flow parameters in the calculation corresponded to the experimental characteristics. The resulting numerical calculations of the temperature distribution and Nusselt Numbers are qualitatively and quantitatively consistent with the experiment. The distribution of Nusselt Numbers on the front and back walls for rotating and non-rotating channels, as well as the dependences of the relative tangential velocity on the relative channel length, were estimated. It has been shown that average Nusselt Number on the leading wall of the rotating channel is the same with the wall of the static channel, but detail Nu distribution over rotating leading wall undergoes considerable modification. Average Nusselt Number on the trailing wall of the rotating channel is higher than on the wall of the static channel, but the detail Nu distribution pattern on the rotating trailing wall generally follows the static result.
Factores del aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de la facultad de comercio internacional, integración, administración y economía empresarial UPEC
Authors: Bastidas Guerrón Jeaneth Lucía , Enríquez Vizcaíno Justo Pastor 
Published: May 2019

Los factores que influyen en el desempeño de los estudiantes universitarios agrupados en tres categorías: personales, sociales e institucionales, constituyen el objeto de estudio de varias investigaciones, ya que el conocimiento del aspecto académico y socioeconómico de los estudiantes, en los actuales momentos juega un papel importante en las instituciones de educación superior del Ecuador y en especial en la Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi. El presente trabajo está encaminado a determinar los factores de aprendizaje que influyen en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de la Facultad Comercio Internacional, Integración, Administración y Economía Empresarial de la UPEC; por tal razón, en primera instancia, se hace un análisis de rendimiento académico, capacidades, factor psicológico y socioeconómico de los dicentes y del modelo educativo de la universidad. En la presente investigación se realizó una encuesta, uno de los parámetros indica que en un 67,42% les gusta las clases dinámicas, seguido de prácticas y la buena memoria para aprender; también se evidenció que los factores que influyen en el rendimiento en menor porcentaje están dados por: situación familiar, autoestima, bullying y discriminación. Una segunda técnica fue la entrevista realizada a los docentes, quienes, a más de los factores citados, ponen de manifiesto que también influyen en el accionar académico: la metodología de enseñanza, los diferentes tipos de aprendizaje, el nivel académico con que ingresan a la universidad, el modelo educativo que ha tenido modificaciones, equivocada elección de la carrera y excesivo uso de redes sociales. Finalmente se propone un bosquejo de un plan de mejora.
Evolución de la recaudación tributaria y gasto público en el Ecuador durante la última década
Authors: Urgilés Urgilés Gladys Primavera , Chávez Urgilés Karen Aracely 
Published: May 2019

La recaudación tributaria es un instrumento de política fiscal de vital importancia para un estado, ya que permite el generar los ingresos necesarios que aportan a la consecución de las metas según el plan económico del país. Así también, el gasto público constituye otra herramienta de la política fiscal, que puede incidir en la economía nacional al destinar los recursos obtenidos a diferentes sectores según las priorizaciones. Estos elementos deben ser manejados de manera técnica, para evitar que un país obtenga resultados fiscales negativos consecutivos, lo que le causaría un desequilibrio y llevaría al sobreendeudamiento público. El presente artículo centró su atención en la recaudación de impuestos de los últimos 10 años del país, analizando cuales fueron los motivos del crecimiento de los ingresos fiscales. Así también, se revisó el gasto público de los años precedentes, con la finalidad de observar su composición y crecimiento respecto del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), así como también en función de los ingresos públicos. Como parte del análisis efectuado, se revisaron brevemente las cifras de la deuda pública total, evidenciando su incremento actual. Adicionalmente, se verificó la evolución del presupuesto del gobierno central, para validar el cumplimiento de los objetivos sociales. Finalmente, se efectuaron conclusiones y recomendaciones sobre la recaudación tributaria y el gasto público, como herramientas de política fiscal, en función de los resultados anuales de los períodos analizados.
Tasa de natalidad y el ingreso como determinantes de la pobreza
Authors: Rosero Barzola Cristian Xavier , Palacios Juan León 
Published: May 2019

La reducción de la pobreza significa un gran desafío para todos los países a nivel mundial. Por ello, el objetivo del presente artículo es analizar cómo se pueden clasificar a los países según su grado de pobreza a través de cuatro variables independientes: tasa de natalidad, tasa de mortalidad, PIB per cápita y PNB per cápita, basados en el modelo Maltusiano de población. La clasificación original se realizó de acuerdo con el Método Atlas del Banco Mundial de 2013, en el cual basado en su PNB per cápita se clasifican entre países ricos o pobres. Desde aquella clasificación se implementa un análisis discriminante con la finalidad de identificar las características que diferencian a cada grupo para poder encasillarlos adecuadamente en países ricos o pobres. El modelo resulta robusto indicando una correlación positiva entre tasa de natalidad y pobreza mientras que con el PIB y PNB per cápita la correlación es negativa.
Innovación y desarrollo territorial: caso de estudio Cantón Huaca Provincia del Carchi
Authors: Miranda  Realpe Jorge Humberto , Pérez Quiroz Roberth Patricio , Chuquín Yépez Hétor Guillermo 
Published: May 2019

Innovar es un término ampliamente utilizado y aplicado en diferentes campos no solo del conocimiento, sino empresarial sea este público o privado, lo que ha permitido mejorar productos, servicios, ampliación de procesos productivos, cambio en la organización y gestión. El presente artículo hace un análisis de la innovación y diferentes concepciones epistemológicas, relación de la misma con el desarrollo territorial; se caracteriza a los territorios innovadores desde enfoques económico, social, cultural de acuerdo con un entorno que busca el buen vivir. Se continúa con el estudio de factores de impulso en la construcción de territorios innovadores y se termina con una presentación de análisis de un caso de Estudio del Cantón Huaca en la Provincia del Carchi.
Facility for Customizing Transaction Forms on Master Data Using an Online Accounting System Web For Work Efficiency Company
Authors: Sudaryono Sudaryono , Sunarya Lusyani , Maulani Giandari 
Published: May 2019

In the online accounting system based on a website that is very sophisticated and growing, complete facilities are certainly needed to support the smoothness and ease of accountants to apply to a company's finance. as in most other list facilities in the online accounting data master system is very influential in the ease of application consists of several features such as managing tax, warehouse list, changing product units, and terms and method of payment of the transaction itself. as an example of this tax regulating feature, it is very important, because it serves to direct and display a list of the types of taxes that the company uses for sales transactions to customers or purchases to company suppliers. then for the warehouse list is also important with other features in the master data facility that is to monitor warehouses or can be referred to as the branch of the company that you noted in your company's online accounting. To change product units can make it easier to describe the number of products available in the company, such as dozen samples, packages, boards, fruits, and pcs. the terms and method of payment in this menu function to create new and display the payment methods used by your company to your suppliers when making transactions. So, with the facilities in the master data can facilitate and provide work efficiency in shortening the flow and process on the features available in the master data facility.

Keywords​: ​Master Data, Register Warehouse, Change Products, and Payment Method​.
Risk and Exposure of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Dental Surgeons Working in Dhaka City
Authors: Sultana Nihar , Mian Md Anower Hussain , Rubby Md Golam 
Published: May 2019

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most important occupational health problems particularly in dental professionals. Dentists are among the workers who are more often susceptible to this disorder, as because their work includes risk factors that may lead to this disorder. The study aims to determine the prevalence of MSDs among dental surgeons , also the risk and exposure of this disorder by assessing job postures and the correlation between them.
Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted among purposively selected 86 dental surgeons working in eight different tertiary level public and private hospitals in Dhaka city. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, where Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire(NMQ) used which records the prevalence of MSDs in terms of musculoskeletal symptoms and to assess the risk and exposure of MSDs, Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) score sheet, Quick Exposure Check (QEC) have been used respectively by 10- 15 minutes observing each study subject during different dental operating procedures. After data collection analysis of data was performed by using SPSS software (Version 22).
Results : More than 63 % and 47 % of the participants reported pain and discomfort in at least one body region in the last 12 months and the last 7 days respectively. The major affected part was neck, followed by lower back, shoulders and hands / wrists. In different field of specialization among the study subjects musculoskeletal symptoms were highest in oral and maxillofacial surgeons followed by general practitioners, orthodontists, endodontists, prosthodontists. The exposure assessment (QEC) showed that a small percentage (22.1%) have acceptable exposure, where 30.2%, 47.7% had medium exposure and high exposure respectively. Whereas the risk assessment (REBA) showed that 59.3% of the participants were in medium risk group that necessitates further investigation and needs to implement change. Pearson’s correlation test indicated that there is a strong positive correlation between the current exposure and the risk (r = 0.832) and the relationship between exposure and risk of MSDs was found to be highly significant as p < 0.01. Highly significant association found between risk level according to REBA score and the exposure level according to QEC score with MSDs ( as p value < .01).
Conclusion: This study concludes that high prevalence of MSDs and high risk levels as well as exposure levels according to REBA and QEC, suggest inappropriate and incorrect ergonomic postural habits existing among the dental surgeons which necessitates further investigation and attention on this issue to combat with this disorder among dental professionals.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (1): 3-7
Classification and analysis of guild merchants using smokeless tobacco in Chabahar, Iran, based on the transtheoretical model
Authors: Mahmoodabad Sayed Saeed Mazloomy , Zareban Iraj , Zadeh Mohammad Hossein Fallah , Jadgal Mohammad Saeed 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The use of all types of smokeless tobacco poses a serious risk to the health of community members. The present study was conducted to classify the guild merchants using smokeless tobacco in Chabahar, Iran, based on the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) and then analyze the relationships between the examined variables based on the constructs of this model.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 merchants working in different guilds in Chabahar in 2018, who were selected through simple random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a demographic and background information section, behavioral items and items on the constructs of the transtheoretical model, and was used after its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using statistical tests such as mean and SD, the Chi-square test, the ANOVA and Tukey’s test.
Findings: Most of the participants in the study were in the age group of 20-30 years (69%). Hairdressers and textile stores (19%) were the largest and hotel and restaurant businesses (2%) the smallest trade guilds in this study. Most people in the study consumed Gutkha (24%). A total of 85% of the subjects were in the precontemplation stage, 12.5% in the contemplation stage and 2.5% in the preparation stage, and the stages of change had a significant difference with constructs including counter-conditioning, self-liberation, decisional balance and temptation to use tobacco (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Since most merchants were in the precontemplation stage, and given their age and the proven harms of smokeless tobacco, interventions to encourage these people to quit tobacco consumption using the TTM constructs are necessary.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2019; 9 (1): 16-22