bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate path analysis of the relationships between seedling regeneration and environmental factors beneath a dwarf bamboo understory
Authors: Qian Feng , Song Haiyan , Chen Miao , Zeng Jiaqin , Dang Chenqiang , Tao Jianping 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSeedling emergence and establishment are fragile processes that determine the direction and structure of forest succession and regeneration. However, seedling emergence and establishment are easily affected by biotic and abiotic (environmental) factors. A dense and expanding understory of dwarf bamboo is one such important factor that can seriously hinder the seedling regeneration. We conducted a field experiment to investigate the emergence and establishment of canopy tree seedlings under artificially controlled densities of dwarf bamboo. We found that understory dwarf bamboo obstructed seedling emergence but reduced the death of seedlings. Although understory dwarf bamboo reduced the median retention time of seedlings, dense bamboo increased the mean survival time of seedlings. Our results suggest that understory dwarf bamboo has multiple selectivities for tree seedling emergence and establishment: high‐density dwarf bamboo was beneficial to evergreen species but lower‐density of bamboo was conducive to the survival of deciduous species, it means the dwarf bamboo potentially alters successional trajectories of forest communities. Path analysis revealed that the most important factors affecting tree seedling emergence and death were the abundance of seeds in the seed bank and the density of emerged seedlings, and that the soil temperature promoted seedling emergence but increased seedling death, the thickness of litter limited seedling emergence, and the leaf area index of the bamboo canopy limited seedling death. The present study suggests that dwarf bamboo can directly alter the microenvironment, significantly reducing light levels and soil temperature but increasing the thickness of litter and soil humus, thereby indirectly impacting the regeneration of tree seedlings. Our results indicate that various factors affected seedling emergence, and there were complex indirect relationships among these factors. In general, biological factors had a stronger influence on tree seedling regeneration than environmental factors.
Isolation and characterization of fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers in the viperine snake Natrix maura
Authors: Le Chevalier Hugo , Marí‐Mena Neus , Carro Belén , Prunier Jérôme G. , Bossu Coralie , Darnet Elodie , Souchet Jérémie , Guillaume Olivier , Calvez Olivier , Bertrand Romain , Barthe Laurent , Pottier Gilles , Martínez‐Sylvestre Albert , Verdaguer‐Foz Isabel , Mossoll‐Torres Marc , Trochet Audrey , Aubret Fabien 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNineteen polymorphic microsatellite loci were identified and developed for Natrix maura. Polymorphism was assessed for 120 individuals sampled across four sampling sites from the French Pyrenees Mountains. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 15, and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.227 to 0.863. We tested for deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium and assessed the presence of null alleles for all loci, resulting in a selection of 14 high‐quality polymorphic markers. These markers will be extremely useful in identifying fine‐scale genetic structures and providing insight into conservation management plans of this species.
Imaging of translocator protein upregulation is selective for pro‐inflammatory polarized astrocytes and microglia
Authors: Pannell Maria , Economopoulos Vasiliki , Wilson Thomas C. , Kersemans Veerle , Isenegger Patrick G. , Larkin James R. , Smart Sean , Gilchrist Stuart , Gouverneur Véronique , Sibson Nicola R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTranslocator protein (TSPO) expression is increased in activated glia, and has been used as a marker of neuroinflammation in PET imaging. However, the extent to which TSPO upregulation reflects a pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory phenotype remains unclear. Our aim was to determine whether TSPO upregulation in astrocytes and microglia/macrophages is limited to a specific inflammatory phenotype. TSPO upregulation was assessed by flow cytometry in cultured astrocytes, microglia, and macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or interleukin‐4 (Il‐4). Subsequently, mice were injected intracerebrally with either a TNF‐inducing adenovirus (AdTNF) or IL‐4. Glial expression of TSPO and pro‐/anti‐inflammatory markers was assessed by immunohistochemistry/fluorescence and flow cytometry. Finally, AdTNF or IL‐4 injected mice underwent PET imaging with injection of the TSPO radioligand 18F‐DPA‐713, followed by ex vivo autoradiography. TSPO expression was significantly increased in pro‐inflammatory microglia/macrophages and astrocytes both in vitro, and in vivo after AdTNF injection (p < .001 vs. control hemisphere), determined both histologically and by FACS. Both PET imaging and autoradiography revealed a significant (p < .001) increase in 18F‐DPA‐713 binding in the ipsilateral hemisphere of AdTNF‐injected mice. In contrast, no increase in either TSPO expression assessed histologically and by FACS, or ligand binding by PET/autoradiography was observed after IL‐4 injection. Taken together, these results suggest that TSPO imaging specifically reveals the pro‐inflammatory population of activated glial cells in the brain in response to inflammatory stimuli. Since the inflammatory phenotype of glial cells is critical to their role in neurological disease, these findings may enhance the utility and application of TSPO imaging.
Academic socialization and the transition to kindergarten: Parental beliefs about school readiness and involvement
Authors: Puccioni Jaime , Baker Erin Ruth , Froiland John Mark 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe current study examines associations among parents' school readiness beliefs, home‐based involvement, and measures of school readiness using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (N = 13,999). A structural equation model was estimated, and results show that parents' school readiness beliefs and home‐based involvement practices were positively associated with children's academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies. In addition, parents' school readiness beliefs were positively related to their home‐based involvement practices. In other words, parents who placed more importance on school readiness engaged in more home‐based involvement practices and had children with higher levels of academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies. Results also showed that parents' school readiness beliefs were more strongly related to academic achievement in comparison to socio‐emotional competencies. Findings also demonstrated variation in parents' school readiness beliefs and involvement by race/ethnicity and socio‐economic status. Overall, findings suggest that efforts to encourage and support parental involvement should pay attention to parents' school readiness beliefs and home‐based involvement practices.Highlights

This paper describes the relationship among parents' school readiness beliefs, home‐based involvement, and children's academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies.
Structural equation modelling revealed school readiness beliefs were positively related to home‐based involvement, which in turn was positively associated with children's academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies.
Parents' school readiness beliefs are an important target for enhancing children's academic achievement and socio‐emotional competencies during the transition to kindergarten.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes following a diabetic pregnancy within the context ofHIV
Authors: Soepnel Larske M. , Nicolaou Veronique , Huddle Kenneth R.L. , Klipstein‐Grobusch Kerstin , Levitt Naomi S. , Norris Shane A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the demographics, comorbidities, management, and outcomes of pregnant women with pre‐gestational and gestational diabetes (GDM), including overt and trueGDM, taking into accountHIVinfection and the influence of exposure to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs).MethodsA review of medical records of 1071 diabetic pregnancies (between 2012 and 2018) at a tertiary hospital in South Africa.ResultsOf the women, 43% hadGDM, 19% had type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and 38% had type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Each group had a mean initial body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2. Despite poor initial HbA1c for pre‐gestational groups, over 90% of the cohort achieved glycemic control by the time of delivery. The rate of prematurity was 30.9%. Perinatal mortality (PNM) was 5.1% for the pre‐gestational group and 1.8% forGDM. Of the cohort, 23.9% wasHIVinfected.PNMwas higher in theHIV‐infected pregnancies (9.4%) than non‐HIVexposed pregnancies (1.8%,P<0.001). The macrosomia rate was higher in the glibenclamide‐exposed group than the insulin‐alone group (12.2% vs 0%,P=0.025).ConclusionObesity is a significant predictor for macrosomia and was high in all groups. In a low‐/middle‐income country setting with a high prevalence ofHIVand high usage ofOHAs as an alternative to insulin therapy,HIVmight be associated with higherPNMand glibenclamide with increased rates of macrosomia, which warrants further exploration.
Defining the role of a genetic counselor within pediatric hematology and oncology comprehensive care teams: Perspectives of the provider team and patients
Authors: Hudson Paul , Zajo Kristin , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Stanek Joseph , Varga Elizabeth 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAs genetic testing is increasingly integrated into medical care, the genetic counselor (GC) has emerged as a key member of multidisciplinary (MD) teams. Prior research has demonstrated the importance of role clarification when subspecialties are introduced to these teams given the potential differences in team member expectations regarding the division of responsibilities in clinic. To assess perceptions of a GC's role in four pediatric hematology/oncology clinics, Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling (ACGC) competencies were used to develop two separate surveys for providers and patients and their caregivers. Providers (n = 25) perceived roles related to genetic expertise and coordination of care to be primarily the role of a GC significantly more often than psychosocial roles (p < .0001). Several potential GC roles were perceived as a shared role or the role of another provider, such as eliciting psychosocial history. Patients/caregivers (n = 70) perceived genetic–centric roles as significantly more important than roles related to coordination of care (p = .03) and psychosocial skills (p < .0001). Our findings from a pediatric specialty department suggest that GCs may maximize their potential in MD clinics by functioning as genetic subject matter experts with care coordination responsibilities related to genetic testing. Further communication between team members may be indicated to clarify the division of responsibilities.
Refining the ice flow chronology and subglacial dynamics across the migrating Labrador Divide of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with age constraints on deglaciation
Authors: Rice Jessey M. , Ross Martin , Paulen Roger C. , Kelley Samuel E. , Briner Jason P. , Neudorf Christina M. , Lian Olav B. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe Laurentide Ice Sheet was characterized by a dynamic polythermal base. However, important data and knowledge gaps have led to contrasting reconstructions in areas such as the Labrador Ice Divide. In this study, detailed fieldwork was conducted at the southeastern edge of a major landform boundary to resolve the relative ice flow chronology and constrain the evolution of the subglacial dynamics, including the migration and collapse of the Labrador Ice Divide. Surficial mapping and analysis of 94 outcrop‐scale ice flow indicators were used to develop a relative ice flow chronology.10Be exposure ages were used with optical ages to confine the timing of deglaciation within the study area. Four phases of ice flow were identified. Flow 1 was a northeasterly ice flow preserved under non‐erosive subglacial conditions associated with the development of an ice divide. Flow 2 was a northwest ice flow, which we correlate to the Ungava Bay Ice Stream and led to a westward migration of the ice divide, preserving Flow 2 features and resulting in Flow 3's eastward‐trending indicators. Flow 4 is limited to sparse fine striations within and around the regional uplands. The new optical ages and10Be exposure ages add to the regional geochronology dataset, which further constrains the timing of ice margin retreat in the area to around 8.0 ka. Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Quaternary Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Cord Leptin is Associated with Neuropsychomotor Development in Childhood
Authors: Karakosta Polyxeni , Margetaki Katerina , Fthenou Eleni , Kampouri Mariza , Kyriklaki Andriani , Koutra Katerina , Chalkiadaki Georgia , Roumeliotaki Theano , Vafeiadi Marina , Kogevinas Manolis , Mantzoros Christos , Chatzi Lida 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveLeptin is critical for central nervous system development and maturation. This study aimed to evaluate the potential regulatory role of cord leptin in the neuropsychomotor development of children ages 18 months to 6 years.MethodsThis study included 424 children from a prospective mother‐child cohort (Rhea Study; Crete, Greece) with available cord leptin levels and data on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 18 months (Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition), 4 years (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities), and 6 years (Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices and Trail Making Test). Multivariable linear regression models were used to explore the associations.ResultsEach 10‐ng/mL increase in the cord leptin level was associated with increased scores on the gross motor scale at 18 months (β coefficient: 3.8; 95% CI: 0.0‐7.5), with decreased scores in the general cognitive performance (β coefficient: −3.0; 95% CI: −5.5 to −0.4), perceptual performance (β coefficient: −3.4; 95% CI: −6.0 to −9.9), working memory (β coefficient: −3.1; 95% CI: −5.7 to −0.4), executive function (β coefficient −3.1; 95% CI: −5.7 to −0.5), and functions of the posterior cortex (β coefficient: −2.7; 95% CI: −5.2 to −0.1) scales at 4 years, and with a 3.7‐unit decrease in the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices score at 6 years (β coefficient: −3.7; 95% CI: −6.9 to −0.5).ConclusionsIncreased cord leptin levels are associated with enhanced gross motor development at 18 months but decreased cognitive performance in early and middle childhood.
A new nonparametric double exponentially weighted moving average control chart
Authors: Raza Muhammad Ali , Nawaz Tahir , Aslam Muhammad , Bhatti Sajjad Haider , Sherwani Rehan Ahmed Khan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere are many practical situations where the underlying distribution of the quality characteristic either deviates from normality or it is unknown. In such cases, practitioners often make use of the nonparametric control charts. In this paper, a new nonparametric double exponentially weighted moving average control chart on the basis of the signed‐rank statistic is proposed for monitoring the process location. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to obtain the run length characteristics of the proposed chart. The performance comparison of the proposed chart with the existing parametric and nonparametric control charts is made by using various performance metrics of the run length distribution. The comparison showed the superiority of the suggested chart over its existing parametric and nonparametric counterparts. An illustrative example for the practical implementation of the proposed chart is also provided by using the industrial data set.
Revealing Charge‐ and Temperature‐Dependent Movement Dynamics and Mechanism of Individual Molecular Machines
Authors: Zhou Ce , Li Xingxing , Masai Hiroshi , Liu Zihao , Lin Yuanwei , Tamaki Takashi , Terao Jun , Yang Jinlong , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSingle‐molecule detection is able to reveal rich spatial/temporal information and elucidate intrinsic mechanisms of inter or intramolecular interactions that are not accessible in ensemble experiments, which is of fundamental importance to solve the key issues in physical, chemical, and biological sciences. Here, a robust, label‐free single‐molecule electrical approach capable of directly exploring the detailed dynamic process of stochastic movement of alkyl chains bearing different charges through a macrocycle in a molecular machine at the single‐event level is represented by using stable graphene–molecule–graphene single‐molecule junctions (GMG‐SMJs). These junctions are built by covalently sandwiching a pseudorotaxane featuring a permethylated α‐cyclodextrin between nanogapped graphene electrodes. In situ long‐term single‐molecule electrical measurements unambiguously show reproducible large‐amplitude multiple‐level fluctuations that are highly dependent on charge and temperature. Both theoretical simulations and experimental data prove that this observation originates from random motions of alkyl chains along the axle within a time scale of a few milliseconds. Observation of transient changes in current signals by gating effects allows direct real‐time monitoring of the submolecular translational process. These investigations conceptualize the capability of GMG‐SMJs to probe fast single‐molecule chemical reactions or behaviors.
Factors associated with posttraumatic meningitis among traumatic head injury patients: a nationwide study in Japan
Authors: Katayama Yusuke , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Kiyohara Kosuke , Sado Junya , Hirose Tomoya , Matsuyama Tasuku , Kiguchi Takeyuki , Tachino Jotaro , Nakao Shunichiro , Umemura Yutaka , Nakagawa Yuko , Shimazu Takeshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposePosttraumatic meningitis is one of the severe complications that can result in increased mortality and longer hospital stay among trauma patients. Factors such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula and basilar skull fracture are associated with posttraumatic meningitis. However, it remains unclear whether procedures such as burr hole surgery in the emergency department and decompressive craniectomy are associated with posttraumatic meningitis. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with posttraumatic meningitis with a nationwide hospital-based trauma registry in Japan.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study with a 12-year study period from January 2004 to December 2015. We included trauma patients registered in the Japanese Trauma Data Bank, whose head Abbreviated Injury Scale score was ≥ 3 in this study. The main endpoint was the occurrence of meningitis during hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent parameters associated with posttraumatic meningitis such as CSF fistula, burr hole surgery in the emergency department, and decompressive craniectomy.ResultsAmong 60,390 head injury patients with head AIS score 3 or more, 284 (0.5%) patients had posttraumatic meningitis. Factors associated with posttraumatic meningitis were burr hole surgery in the emergency department (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.158 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.401–3.325]), decompressive craniectomy (AOR 2.123 [95% CI 1.506–2.993]), external ventricular drainage (AOR 1.843 [95% CI, 1.157–2.935]), CSF leakage (AOR 3.328 [95% CI 2.205–5.022]), and basilar skull fracture (AOR 1.651 [95% CI 1.178–2.314]).ConclusionsIn this population of trauma patients, burr hole surgery in the emergency department and decompressive craniectomy was associated with posttraumatic meningitis.
Interfacial Segregation of Alloying Elements During Dissimilar Ultrasonic Welding of AA6111 Aluminum and Ti6Al4V Titanium
Authors: Zhang Chaoqun , Robson Joseph D. , Haigh Sarah J. , Prangnell Philip B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Ultrasonic welding is a promising technique for joining dissimilar metals. A particular metal combination of interest to the automotive industry is aluminum-titanium. In such welds, performance is often controlled by processes at the interface, including segregation and intermetallic precipitate formation. This study used high-resolution electron microscopy to investigate this in detail. Enrichment of silicon, magnesium, and oxygen were found at ultrasonic welded aluminum/titanium interfaces; however, other alloying elements such as copper and V were not segregated. Surprisingly, in a very short welding time (1.4 seconds), ~ 4 at. pct of Si was found at the Al/Ti interface. The segregated Si distribution varied inversely with that of O and Mg. The residual oxides and the segregated Si on the Al/Ti interface may act as a barrier for Al3Ti nucleation and growth. The strong chemical attraction between Ti and Si is probably the driving force for Si segregation to the Al/Ti interface. The presence of discontinuous oxides at the Al/Ti weld interface may deteriorate the mechanical properties of the weld.
Reexamining the Influence of Conditional Cash Transfers on Migration From a Gendered Lens
Authors: Hughes Christina 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Past research on the influence of conditional cash transfers—widespread antipoverty programs—on migration has tended to focus on beneficiaries as a homogenous unit. Drawing on feminist critiques of the contemporary international antipoverty agenda, this article views both conditional cash transfer programs and migration patterns from a gender-sensitive lens. Conditional cash transfers rely on a gendered division of labor in which the informal work of women is particularly called upon in order to fulfill program requirements. This work contends that conditional cash transfers emphasize gender responsibilities for women as mothers and caretakers, which mark their belonging in the domestic sphere and limit the likelihood of their migration while making no such demands on beneficiary men or nonbeneficiaries. Using logistic and multinomial logistic regression models and data from the Mexican Family Life Survey, the analysis finds evidence supporting the hypothesis that conditional cash transfer participation disproportionately limits migration for beneficiary women. This study broadly argues that the impact of such antipoverty programs is more gendered than previously thought and emphasizes the importance of examining previously studied outcomes in ways that consider the specific subject locations of recipients in order to better understand both the logics underlying development policy and the process of migration itself.
Limit theorems for multivariate Brownian semistationary processes and feasible results
Authors: Passeggeri Riccardo , Veraart Almut E. D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper we introduce the multivariate Brownian semistationary (BSS) process and study the joint asymptotic behaviour of its realised covariation using in-fill asymptotics. First, we present a central limit theorem for general multivariate Gaussian processes with stationary increments, which are not necessarily semimartingales. Then, we show weak laws of large numbers, central limit theorems, and feasible results for BSS processes. An explicit example based on the so-called gamma kernels is also provided.
Subgraphs in preferential attachment models
Authors: Garavaglia Alessandro , Stegehuis Clara 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe consider subgraph counts in general preferential attachment models with power-law degree exponent
$\tau > 2$
. For all subgraphs H, we find the scaling of the expected number of subgraphs as a power of the number of vertices. We prove our results on the expected number of subgraphs by defining an optimization problem that finds the optimal subgraph structure in terms of the indices of the vertices that together span it and by using the representation of the preferential attachment model as a Pólya urn model.