bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Droplet size and physicochemical property effects on herbicide efficacy of pre‐emergence herbicides in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)
Authors: Urach Ferreira Pedro Henrique , Ferguson Jason Connor , Reynolds Daniel B , Kruger Greg R , Irby Jon Trenton 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnlike post‐emergence herbicides (POSTs), little is known about droplet size effect on pre‐emergence herbicide (PRE) efficacy. Four nozzle types were used to apply different PRE herbicides on eight soybean fields in Missouri and Mississippi in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone, imazethapyr and pyroxasulfone were selected based on their physicochemical characteristics (adsorption, volatility and solubility) and were sprayed using XR11002, ULD12002, TTI6011002, and TTI11002 nozzles.RESULTSThe XR nozzle produced the smallest droplet size (DV0.5), 204 μm, followed by the ULD, TTI60 and TTI with DV0.5 of 468, 646, and 794 μm, respectively. Droplet size, spray coverage, nozzle type or physicochemical characteristics showed no effect on PRE herbicide efficacy, except in the Monroe County, MS, field, with pendimethalin. The TTI60 twin fan nozzle enhanced pendimethalin weed control (up to 91%) in comparison with pendimethalin sprayed with the TTI nozzle (64%), in a high organic matter (OM) soil composed of large soil clods and high weed pressure. It was hypothesized that improved herbicide penetration assisted by the TTI60 dual fan pattern increased herbicide‐moisture contact and clod coverage by the herbicide. Under soils with higher OM content (>2%) pendimethalin weed control was reduced. In soils with low OM (<0.7%), low cation exchange capacity (CEC) (<13.1%) and rainfall of 12.2 mm within 3 days after application, metribuzin also resulted in reduced weed control.CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that droplet size does not affect PRE herbicide efficacy regardless of physicochemical herbicide properties including adsorption, volatility and solubility. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Transcriptomic profiling of effects of emamectin benzoate on the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Lu Feng , Guo Kai , Chen Anliang , Chen Shani , Lin Haiping , Zhou Xiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEmamectin benzoate (EB) has recently been successfully applied as a trunk injection for preventative control of the pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Here, a whole‐organism transcriptomic analysis provides comprehensive insights into the adverse effects of EB on B. xylophilus.RESULTSA large set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, demonstrating the antagonistic effects of EB on B. xylophilus embryonic and larval development, reproduction, nervous and motor systems, and pathogenesis. In toxicity assays with EB, the number of eggs laid, hatching rate, thrashing frequency, and developmental rate of B. xylophilus were significantly suppressed at low concentrations (0.1 μg mL−1). Moreover, the transcriptional changes validated by real‐time quantitative PCR showed downregulated transcript levels of the genes encoding pectate lyases, β‐1,4‐endoglucanases, and upregulated the genes encoding glutamate‐gated chloride channel, γ‐aminobutyric acid type β receptor, uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyl transferase, ATP‐binding cassette transporter. The potential responses of B. xylophilus to EB included the upregulation of several genes putatively contributing to oocyte protection, stem cell renewal, and xenobiotic degradation, implying the potential for drug resistance to develop.CONCLUSIONOur findings further our understanding of the effects of EB for managing the PWD and may help to improve the pesticide‐use strategies for controlling B. xylophilus. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Importance analysis considering time‐varying parameters and different perturbation occurrence times
Authors: Noroozian Ali , Kazemzadeh Reza Baradaran , Zio Enrico , Niaki Seyed Taghi Akhavan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractImportance measures are integral parts of risk assessment for risk‐informed decision making. Because the parameters of a risk model, such as the component failure rates, are functions of time and a perturbation (change) in their values can occur during the mission time, time dependence must be considered in the evaluation of the importance measures. In this paper, it is shown that the change in system performance at time t, and consequently the importance of the parameters at time t, depends on the parameters perturbation time and their value functions during the system mission time. We consider a nonhomogeneous continuous time Markov model of a series‐parallel system to propose the mathematical proofs and simulations, while the ideas are also shown to be consistent with general models having nonexponential failure rates. Two new measures of importance and a simulation scheme for their computation are introduced to account for the effect of perturbation time and time‐varying parameters.
The current state and future outlook of rescue robotics
Authors: Delmerico Jeffrey , Mintchev Stefano , Giusti Alessandro , Gromov Boris , Melo Kamilo , Horvat Tomislav , Cadena Cesar , Hutter Marco , Ijspeert Auke , Floreano Dario , Gambardella Luca M. , Siegwart Roland , Scaramuzza Davide 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRobotic technologies, whether they are remotely operated vehicles, autonomous agents, assistive devices, or novel control interfaces, offer many promising capabilities for deployment in real‐world environments. Postdisaster scenarios are a particularly relevant target for applying such technologies, due to the challenging conditions faced by rescue workers and the possibility to increase their efficacy while decreasing the risks they face. However, field‐deployable technologies for rescue work have requirements for robustness, speed, versatility, and ease of use that may not be matched by the state of the art in robotics research. This paper aims to survey the current state of the art in ground and aerial robots, marine and amphibious systems, and human–robot control interfaces and assess the readiness of these technologies with respect to the needs of first responders and disaster recovery efforts. We have gathered expert opinions from emergency response stakeholders and researchers who conduct field deployments with them to understand these needs, and we present this assessment as a way to guide future research toward technologies that will make an impact in real‐world disaster response and recovery.
What a Genealogical Analysis of Nila Banton Smith's American Reading Instruction Reveals About the Present Through the Past
Authors: Hoffman James V. , Alvermann Donna E. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe authors used a conceptual analysis, following Foucauldian genealogy, to consider the history of Nila Banton Smith's American Reading Instruction. The goal was to make better sense of the challenges and opportunities facing literacy instruction today and to articulate the enormous responsibilities of literacy scholars to critically represent the past in relation to the present. The guiding question for the research was, What enabling conditions make it possible for Smith's American Reading Instruction and the historical narrative of progress in elementary reading instruction in the United States to remain strong? The authors identify and discuss five enabling conditions and discuss how the study of these conditions can inform understanding of the field of reading instruction today. The authors further argue for genealogical research as a promising tool for historical research into reading instruction.
Developing tasks to assess phenomenon‐based science learning: Challenges and lessons learned from building proximal transfer tasks
Authors: Penuel William R. , Turner Michael L. , Jacobs Jennifer K. , Van Horne Katie , Sumner Tamara 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe vision for science proficiency presented in A Framework for K‐12 Science Education calls for significant shifts in both teaching and assessment. In this paper, we describe an effort to develop and validate a set of proximal transfer tasks for high school biology classrooms where teachers were implementing a problem‐based curriculum. The proximal transfer tasks presented students with phenomena related to but distinct from the phenomena they had studied in class and asked students to apply their understanding of disciplinary core ideas, practices, and crosscutting concepts targeted in curriculum. We tested these tasks with a sample of 733 students from 11 teachers’ classes. Each of these students completed two tasks before beginning the unit and two tasks after they had finished the unit. We found that nearly all pretest and posttest task pairs were aligned to written opportunities to learn in the curriculum, that is, students showed significant growth over the course of a unit. In addition, task pairs revealed differences across teachers. However, the relative growth of students depended on which tasks students completed, indicating wide variation in task difficulty. Our findings point to the potential of developing three‐dimensional proximal transfer tasks and to the difficulty of constructing equivalent tasks.
Improvement of Cycleability and Rate‐Capability of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode Materials Coated with Lithium Boron Oxide by an Antisolvent Precipitation Method
Authors: Hashigami Satoshi , Yoshimi Kei , Kato Yukihiro , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Inagaki Toru , Haruta Masakazu , Hashinokuchi Michihiro , Doi Takayuki , Inaba Minoru 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) particles coated with lithium boron oxide were prepared by an antisolvent precipitation method. In the antisolvent precipitation method, ethanol was used to strip off the hydrated water coordinated with lithium ions and borate ions. By the antisolvent precipitation method, the NCM particles were coated with a uniform layer of LiBO2. The capacity fading on cycling was successfully suppressed for the lithium boron oxide‐coated samples. In addition, the rate capability was also improved by the coating. The lithium boron oxide coating effectively suppressed the increase of the electrode impedance associated with the electrolyte decomposition. Crack formation in the secondary particles after charge‐discharge cycling was greatly inhibited for lithium boron oxide‐coated NCM. It was demonstrated that the lithium boron oxide coating layer suppressed the side reactions not only on the particle surface, but also in the intergranular cracks by inhibiting the penetration of the electrolyte solution.
Artificial Channels in an Infectious Biofilm Created by Magnetic Nanoparticles Enhanced Bacterial Killing by Antibiotics
Authors: Quan Kecheng , Zhang Zexin , Chen Hong , Ren Xiaoxiang , Ren Yijin , Peterson Brandon W. , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe poor penetrability of many biofilms contributes to the recalcitrance of infectious biofilms to antimicrobial treatment. Here, a new application for the use of magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine to create artificial channels in infectious biofilms to enhance antimicrobial penetration and bacterial killing is proposed. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are exposed to magnetic‐iron‐oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs), while magnetically forcing MIONP movement through the biofilm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrates artificial channel digging perpendicular to the substratum surface. Artificial channel digging significantly (4–6‐fold) enhances biofilm penetration and bacterial killing efficacy by gentamicin in two S. aureus strains with and without the ability to produce extracellular polymeric substances. Herewith, this work provides a simple, new, and easy way to enhance the eradication of infectious biofilms using MIONPs combined with clinically applied antibiotic therapies.
Zur Verformungsberechnung von Slim‐Floor‐Trägern
Authors: Iliopoulos Aristidis 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDie Verformungsberechnung einbetonierter Stahlträger (Slim Floor) stellt wegen der Rissbildung des Betons, der Nachgiebigkeit der Verdübelung und des rheologischen Verhaltens des Betons ein umstrittenes Problem dar. DIN EN 1994‐1‐1 enthält keinerlei Regelungen zur Gebrauchstauglichkeitsbemessung von Slim‐Floor‐Trägern. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein praxisfreundliches Verfahren vorgeschlagen, welches für die Verformungsberechnung einbetonierter Stahlquerschnitte, durch die Rissbildungsfaktoren von DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 (ζ‐Methode), geeignet ist. Empfehlungen zur Berücksichtigung der Nachgiebigkeit der Verdübelung und des Kriechens und Schwindens des Betons werden auch gegeben.
Vergleich und Bewertung elastisch‐plastischer Nachweisalternativen
Authors: Wimmer Johannes , Schmidt Tobias , Seeßelberg Christoph 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUm die plastischen Querschnittstragfähigkeiten von gewalzten I‐Profilen und Rechteckhohlprofilen auszunutzen, beschreibt DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 Methoden und gibt Interaktionsformeln an, Schnittgrößen im Querschnitt nachzuweisen. Ferner beschreibt Kindmann in [1, 2] das Teilschnittgrößenverfahren, das mit seinen Weiterentwicklungen zwei weitere Nachweisalternativen liefert.In diesem Beitrag fassen die Autoren die Grundlagen dieser Nachweisalternativen für gewalzte I‐Profile und Rechteckhohlprofile zusammen. Dabei wird besonders auf die Anwendbarkeit eingegangen. Weiter werden anhand zweier Beispielprofile die absoluten Interaktionsräume je Nachweisalternative aufgespannt und gegenübergestellt. Dies erfolgt für die Schnittgrößenkombinationen N‐Vz‐My, N‐Vy‐Mz, N‐My‐Mz und N‐Vy‐Vz‐My‐Mz. Hierbei werden Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede herausgestellt. Die Bewertung der Nachweisalternativen erfolgt hinsichtlich der Anwendbarkeit, der Sicherheit sowie der Genauigkeit. Während die Bewertung der Anwendbarkeit subjektiv ist, sind die letzteren Attribute objektiver bewertbar. Der Ausblick resümiert die Praktikabilität der diskutierten Nachweisalternativen.
Development and validation of predictive models for QUiPP App v.2: tool for predicting preterm birth in women with symptoms of threatened preterm labor
Authors: Carter J. , Seed P. T. , Watson H. A. , David A. L. , Sandall J. , Shennan A. H. , Tribe R. M. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo develop enhanced prediction models to update the QUiPP App prototype, a tool providing individualized risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), for use in women with symptoms of threatened preterm labor (TPTL), incorporating risk factors, transvaginal ultrasound assessment of cervical length (CL) and cervicovaginal fluid quantitative fetal fibronectin (qfFN) test results.MethodsParticipants were pregnant women between 23 + 0 and 34 + 6 weeks' gestation with symptoms of TPTL, recruited as part of four prospective cohort studies carried out at 16 UK hospitals between October 2010 and October 2017. The training set comprised all women whose outcomes were known in May 2017 (n = 1032). The validation set comprised women whose outcomes were gathered between June 2017 and March 2018 (n = 506). Parametric survival models were developed for three combinations of predictors: risk factors plus qfFN test results alone, risk factors plus CL alone, and risk factors plus both qfFN and CL. The best models were selected using the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The estimated probability of sPTB < 30, < 34 or < 37 weeks' gestation and within 1 or 2 weeks of testing was calculated and receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC) curves were created to demonstrate the diagnostic ability of the prediction models.ResultsPredictive statistics were similar between the training and the validation sets at most outcome time points and for each combination of predictors. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) demonstrated that all three algorithms had good accuracy for the prediction of sPTB at < 30, < 34 and < 37 weeks' gestation and within 1 and 2 weeks' post‐testing in the validation set, particularly the model combining risk factors plus qfFN alone (AUC: 0.96 at < 30 weeks; 0.85 at < 34 weeks; 0.77 at < 37 weeks; 0.91 at < 1 week from testing; and 0.92 at < 2 weeks from testing).ConclusionsValidation of the new prediction models suggests that the QUiPP App v.2 can reliably calculate risk of sPTB in women with TPTL. Use of the QUiPP App in practice could lead to better targeting of intervention, while providing reassurance and avoiding unnecessary intervention in women at low risk. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Light-state dominance from the conformal bootstrap
Authors: Kraus Per , Sivaramakrishnan Allic 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We derive forms of light-state dominance for correlators in CFT
d
, making precise the sense in which correlators can be approximated by the contribution of light operator exchanges. Our main result is that the four-point function of operators with dimension Δ is approximated, with bounded error, by the contribution of operators with scaling dimension below Δ
c
> 2Δ in the appropriate OPE channel. Adapting an existing modular invariance argument, we use crossing symmetry to show that the heavy-state contribution is suppressed by a relative factor of

$$ {e}^{2\varDelta -{\varDelta}_c} $$

e

2
Δ
−

Δ
c

. We extend this result to the first sheet and derivatives of the correlator. Further exploiting technical similarities between crossing and modular invariance, we prove analogous results for the 2d partition function along the way.
We then turn to effective field theory in gapped theories and AdS/CFT, and make some general comments about the effect of integrating out heavy particles in the bulk. Combining our bounds with the Lorentzian OPE inversion formula we show that, under certain conditions, light-state dominance implies that integrating out heavy exchanges leads to higher-derivative couplings suppressed at large Δgap.
Generalized Hawking-Page transitions
Authors: Aharony Ofer , Urbach Erez Y. , Weiss Maya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe construct holographic backgrounds that are dual by the AdS/CFT correspondence to Euclidean conformal field theories on products of spheres$$ {S}^{d_1}\times {S}^{d_2} $$Sd1×Sd2, for conformal field theories whose dual may be approximated by classical Einstein gravity (typically these are largeNstrongly coupled theories). Ford2= 1 these backgrounds correspond to thermal field theories on$$ {S}^{d_1} $$Sd1, and Hawking and Page found that there are several possible bulk solutions, with two different topologies, that compete with each other, leading to a phase transition as the relative size of the spheres is modified. By numerically solving the Einstein equations we find similar results also ford2>1, with bulk solutions in which either one or the other sphere shrinks to zero smoothly at a minimal value of the radial coordinate, and with a first order phase transition (ford1+d2<9) between solutions of two different topologies as the relative radius changes. For a critical ratio of the radii there is a (sub-dominant) singular solution where both spheres shrink, and we analytically analyze the behavior near this radius. Ford1+d2<9 the number of solutions grows to infinity as the critical ratio is approached.
Postoperative Long‐Term Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Gastric Cancer and Risk Factors for Death from Other Diseases
Authors: Hashimoto Tadayoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Mikami Jota , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Yamasaki Makoto , Motoori Masaaki , Kimura Yutaka , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundElderly patients with gastric cancer are frequently treated surgically in current clinical practice. Although several studies have investigated short‐term outcomes after gastrectomy in elderly patients, most did not evaluate long‐term outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed 1154 consecutive patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 2001 and 2013. We classified them into two groups: the elderly group (n = 241), consisting of patients aged ≥75 years, and the non‐elderly group (n = 913), consisting of patients aged <75 years, and compared the short‐ and long‐term outcomes between the two groups. The risk factors for death from other diseases in elderly patients were also examined.ResultsAlthough the incidence of postoperative pneumonia was significantly higher in the elderly group (P < 0.001), the proportion of overall postoperative complications did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.097). The disease‐specific survival was similar between the two groups (P = 0.743), whereas the overall survival in the elderly group was significantly shorter than that in the non‐elderly group (P < 0.001) because of a higher incidence of death from other diseases throughout all gastric cancer stages. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low preoperative prognostic nutrition index (PNI) and multiple comorbidities were significant risk factors for death from other diseases within 5 years in the elderly group.ConclusionsDespite acceptable short‐term outcomes, long‐term outcomes in elderly patients with gastric cancer were poor due to the high incidence of death from other diseases. Indications for surgery in elderly patients with a low PNI or multiple comorbidities should be considered carefully.
Investigation of different environmental-friendly waste materials as lost circulation additive in drilling fluids
Authors: Idress Mazlin , Hasan Muhammad Luqman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrilling fluid is a very important component to ensure smooth drilling process. Drilling fluid is developed and produced with many additives to fulfill its functions. One of the additives is lost circulation materials (LCMs) that will help to minimize or prevent fluid loss into the formation. This study aims to develop new LCM from agro-waste materials which are orange peel and sunflower seed. The LCMs were prepared in three different sizes: fine, medium and coarse and also with different concentrations: 0.8%, 1.3%, 2.2%, 2.7% and 4%. The performance of the drilling fluid with newly developed LCM was tested in terms of rheological and filtration properties. The results were compared with the commercial LCM that has been used in the industry which is nut plug. The results showed that drilling fluid with finest size and high concentration yielded good filtration control. From these preliminaries result, two best sizes were chosen, combined, mixed and tested. The chosen sizes were fine and medium. This new combination of LCM gave even better results compared to the fine-sized and high-concentration LCM. It can be concluded that to ensure good filtration control, the LCM could be combined together since the combination of different sizes minimized the pores created in the mud cake hence helping to reduce the potential of loss circulation problem.