bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Edge Enhancements of Soil Respiration in Temperate Forests
Authors: Smith Ian A. , Hutyra Lucy R. , Reinmann Andrew B. , Thompson Jonathan R. , Allen David W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractForest fragmentation impacts carbon uptake and storage; however, the magnitude and direction of fragmentation impacts on soil respiration remain poorly characterized. We quantify soil respiration rates along edge‐to‐interior transects in two temperate broadleaf forests in the eastern United States that vary in climate, species composition, and soil type. We observe average soil respiration rates 15–26% higher at the forest edge compared to the interior, corresponding to large gradients in soil temperature. We find no significant difference in the sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature between the forest edge and interior. Fragmentation and resultant shifts in microenvironment alter forest productivity and soil respiration near forest edges. Ecosystem models do not currently represent edge dynamics, but given the prevalence of landscape fragmentation and its effect on carbon cycling along forest edges, this omission likely introduces an important source of uncertainty in our understanding of terrestrial carbon dynamics with a changing landscape and climate.
Satellite‐Beacon Ionospheric‐Scintillation Global Model of the Upper Atmosphere (SIGMA) III: Scintillation Simulation Using A Physics‐Based Plasma Model
Authors: Deshpande Kshitija Bharat , Zettergren Matthew David 
Published: April 2019

AbstractElectromagnetic signals including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals often experience fluctuations due to ionospheric density structures termed as scintillation. Physical processes contributing to these structures in polar cap regions likely include gradient‐drift instability. GNSS scintillations are frequently observed at high latitudes and are potentially useful diagnostics of how energy from the transient forcing in the cusp or polar cap region cascades, via instabilities, to small scales. This work interfaces a physics‐based plasma model (Geospace Environment Model of Ion‐Neutral Interactions) to a radio wave propagation model (Satellite‐beacon Ionospheric‐scintillation Global Model of the upper Atmosphere) to explore this cascade. In this work, Geospace Environment Model of Ion‐Neutral Interactions‐Satellite‐beacon Ionospheric‐scintillation Global Model of the upper Atmosphere is used to simulate signal propagation through gradient‐drift instability over Resolute Bay for comparison with GNSS observations during a geomagnetic storm presented earlier in this series of papers. Our spectral and multiscale analyses show close agreement for simulated and observed data, suggesting the use of our physics‐based platform for understanding and predicting the effects of ionospheric instabilities on navigation and communication.
Cues to intention bias action perception toward the most efficient trajectory
Authors: McDonough Katrina L. , Hudson Matthew , Bach Patric 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHumans interpret others’ behaviour as intentional and expect them to take the most energy-efficient path to achieve their goals. Recent studies show that these expectations of efficient action take the form of a prediction of an ideal “reference” trajectory, against which observed actions are evaluated, distorting their perceptual representation towards this expected path. Here we tested whether these predictions depend upon the implied intentionality of the stimulus. Participants saw videos of an actor reaching either efficiently (straight towards an object or arched over an obstacle) or inefficiently (straight towards obstacle or arched over empty space). The hand disappeared mid-trajectory and participants reported the last seen position on a touch-screen. As in prior research, judgments of inefficient actions were biased toward efficiency expectations (straight trajectories upwards to avoid obstacles, arched trajectories downward towards goals). In two further experimental groups, intentionality cues were removed by replacing the hand with a non-agentive ball (group 2), and by removing the action’s biological motion profile (group 3). Removing these cues substantially reduced perceptual biases. Our results therefore confirm that the perception of others’ actions is guided by expectations of efficient actions, which are triggered by the perception of semantic and motion cues to intentionality.
Parallel sequencing of porA reveals a complex pattern of Campylobacter genotypes that differs between broiler and broiler breeder chickens
Authors: Colles Frances. M. , Preston Stephen. G. , Barfod Kenneth Klingenberg , Flammer Patrik. G. , Maiden Martin C. J. , Smith Adrian L. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChicken meat represents an important source of Campylobacter infections of humans world-wide. A better understanding of Campylobacter epidemiology in commercial chicken flocks will facilitate the development of more effective intervention strategies. We developed a gene-specific parallel sequencing approach that efficiently indicated genetic diversity in farm-derived samples and revealed Campylobacter genotypes that would not be detected using microbiological culture. Parallel sequencing of the porA nucleotide fragment identified a different pattern of diversity in broiler flocks compared with broiler-breeder flocks at both individual bird and flock levels. Amongst the flocks tested, broiler flocks and individual birds were dominated by one or two porA fragment types whereas co-dominance with up to six porA fragment types was evident in breeder birds. A high proportion (83.6–93.3%) of porA variants were shared between broiler and breeder flocks. The porA-based diversity profiling could be a useful addition to the repertoire of tools employed to attribute potential sources of contamination for broiler flocks, including the environment, wild animals or other chickens. This approach can be extended to include other loci within Campylobacter and developed for molecular epidemiology studies of other bacterial species.
Novel, rare and common pathogenic variants in the CFTR gene screened by high-throughput sequencing technology and predicted by in silico tools
Authors: Pereira Stéphanie Villa-Nova , Ribeiro José Dirceu , Ribeiro Antônio Fernando , Bertuzzo Carmen Sílvia , Marson Fernando Augusto Lima 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by ~300 pathogenic CFTR variants. The heterogeneity of which, challenges molecular diagnosis and precision medicine approaches in CF. Our objective was to identify CFTR variants through high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and to predict the pathogenicity of novel variants through in 8 silico tools. Two guidelines were followed to deduce the pathogenicity. A total of 169 CF patients had genomic DNA submitted to a Targeted Gene Sequencing and we identified 63 variants (three patients had three variants). The most frequent alleles were: F508del (n = 192), G542* (n = 26), N1303K (n = 11), R1162* and R334W (n = 9). The screened variants were classified as follows: 41 – pathogenic variants [classified as (I) n = 23, (II) n = 6, (III) n = 1, (IV) n = 6, (IV/V) n = 1 and (VI) n = 4]; 14 – variants of uncertain significance; and seven novel variants. To the novel variants we suggested the classification of 6b-16 exon duplication, G646* and 3557delA as Class I. There was concordance among the predictors as likely pathogenic for L935Q, cDNA.5808T>A and I1427I. Also, Y325F presented two discordant results among the predictors. HTS and in silico analysis can identify pathogenic CFTR variants and will open the door to integration of precision medicine into routine clinical practice in the near future.
The effect of exogenous melatonin on reducing scoliotic curvature and improving bone quality in melatonin-deficient C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Liu Hao , Liu Zhen , Man Chi-wai , Guo Jing , Han Xiao , Hu Zongshan , Ng Tzi Bun , Zhao Zhihui , Li Jie , Wang Weijun , Chun Tseng-chang , Qiao Jun , Shi Benlong , Xu Leilei , Bao Hongda , Jiang Qing , Lam Tsz Ping , Cheng Jack Chun Yiu , Qiu Yong , Zhu Zezhang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is well-documented that melatonin deficiency has been linked to the etiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. In this study, we intended to apply melatonin in melatonin-deficient mice to ascertain whether melatonin could reduce the incidence/severity of scoliosis, and investigate the role of melatonin on bone mineral density in scoliosis. A total of 80 mice were divided into 4 groups: 20 quadrupedal mice and 20 bipedal mice served as controls; 20 quadrupedal and 20 bipedal mice received oral melatonin (8 mg/kg BW) daily. After 5th, 10th, 15th and 20th weeks of treatment, radiographs and in vivo micro-CT were used to determine the incidence of scoliosis and bone qualities, respectively. Upon sacrifice, the levels of melatonin were measured in each group. At 20th week, the occurrence of scoliosis was 80%, 30%, 22% and 5% in bipedal, quadrupedal, bipedal + melatonin and quadrupedal + melatonin group, respectively. The trabecular bone quality of the vertebral body was significantly ameliorated in the melatonin-treated bipedal models. Likewise, the number of osteoclasts was significantly less in those treated with melatonin. Our results indicated that melatonin deficiency may be crucial for scoliotic development, and restoration of melatonin levels can prevent scoliotic development with the improvement in bone density.
Comparison of multi-tissue aging between human and mouse
Authors: Zhuang Jujuan , Zhang Lijun , Dai Shuang , Cui Lingyu , Guo Cheng , Sloofman Laura , Yang Jialiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWith the rapid growth of the aging population, exploring the biological basis of aging and related molecular mechanisms has become an important topic in modern scientific research. Aging can cause multiple organ function attenuations, leading to the occurrence and development of various age-related metabolic, nervous system, and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, aging is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Although a number of studies have used various mouse models to study aging, further research is needed to associate mouse and human aging at the molecular level. In this paper, we systematically assessed the relationship between human and mouse aging by comparing multi-tissue age-related gene expression sets. We compared 18 human and mouse tissues, and found 9 significantly correlated tissue pairs. Functional analysis also revealed some terms related to aging in human and mouse. And we performed a crosswise comparison of homologous age-related genes with 18 tissues in human and mouse respectively, and found that human Brain_Cortex was significantly correlated with Brain_Hippocampus, which was also found in mouse. In addition, we focused on comparing four brain-related tissues in human and mouse, and found a gene–GFAP–related to aging in both human and mouse.
Hot electron-driven electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on metal–semiconductor nanodiode electrodes
Authors: Nedrygailov Ievgen I. , Moon Song Yi , Park Jeong Young 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHot electrons generated on metal catalysts influence atomic and molecular processes, leading to hot electron-driven catalytic reactions. Here, we show the acceleration of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution caused by internal injection of hot electrons on Pt/Si metal–semiconductor electrodes. When a forward bias voltage is applied to the Pt/Si contact, hot electrons are injected. The excess energy of these electrons allows them to reach the Pt/electrolyte interface and reduce the adsorbed hydrogen ions to form H2 (2H+ + 2e−→H2). We show that the onset potential of the hydrogen evolution reaction shifts positively by 160 mV while the cathodic current exhibits an 8-fold increase in the presence of hot electrons. The effect disappears when the thickness of the Pt film exceeds the mean free path of the hot electrons. The concept of a hot electron-driven reaction can lead to the development of a novel mechanism for controlling reactivity at liquid–solid interfaces.
Role of phospho–ezrin in differentiating thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Lathika Lakshmi Mohan , Nair Jagathnath Krishna Kumarapillai Moh , Saritha Valliamma Neelakandapilla , Sujathan Kunjuraman , Sreeja Sreeharshan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComprehensive theory explaining the relationship between estrogen (E2) and ezrin in metastasis of thyroid cancer remains non-elicited. In vitro results revealed that E2 could stimulate the expression and phosphorylation of ezrin in a time and dose dependent manner. Our data clearly showed that E2 enhanced the migration and invasion of cells, which was reversed by the transfection of cells with ezrin specific siRNA. Further, we observed that Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) ROCK-2 are among the kinases responsible for E2 induced phosphorylation of ezrin. Clinical validation of ezrin/phospho-ezrin revealed that phospho-ezrin was intensely expressed in follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC), while it was completely absent in follicular adenoma (FA) lesions in which the differentiation of the follicular neoplasms remains subtle. When histology of different carcinomas is correlated with benign FA with respect to phospho-ezrin, we observed that the marker was highly significant (p = 0.0001). 100% sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the above marker in the histological association of FTC, FVPTC with FA, enables us to suggest phospho-ezrin as a diagnostic marker to differentiate the follicular neoplasms. These data are the first to suggest the dynamic regulation of ezrin phosphorylation during metastasis in FTC.
Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension in the contemporary era: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Agasthi Pradyumna , Shipman Justin , Arsanjani Reza , Ashukem Moses , Girardo Marlene. E. , Yerasi Charan , Venepally Nithin. R. , Fortuin Floyd David , Mookadam Farouk 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRenal denervation (RDN) is a catheter-based ablation procedure designed to treat resistant hypertension (RH). The objective of our study is to determine the effect of RDN on blood pressure and renal function in patients with RH in comparison to medical therapy alone. We performed an extensive literature search for randomized control trials (RCT) reporting office and 24 hr. blood pressure changes and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline and 6 months. We calculated a weighted standardized mean difference of blood pressure and renal outcomes between RDN and control groups using random effects models. Our search yielded 608 studies of which we included 15 studies for the final analysis. A total of 857 patients were treated with RDN and 616 patients treated with medical therapy ± sham procedure. Only 5 studies were double-blinded RCT with sham control. The adjusted standardized mean difference in the change in office based systolic and diastolic pressures (p = 0.18; p = 0.14); 24 hr. systolic and diastolic pressures (p = 0.20; p = 0.18); and eGFR (p = 0.20) from baseline to 6 months is statistically insignificant with significant heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis showed that among sham controlled trials, 24 hr. systolic blood pressure showed a modest but statistically significant benefit favoring renal denervation in patients with RH. Our meta-analysis of 15 RCTs showed no significant benefit of RDN on blood pressure control in patients with resistant hypertension. Subgroup analysis of sham control studies showed a modest benefit in 24 hr. systolic blood pressure at 6 months with RDN.
The role of sirtuin 1 and its activator, resveratrol in osteoarthritis
Authors: Deng Zhenhan , Li Yusheng , Liu Haifeng , Xiao Shengshi , Li Liangjun , Tian Jian , Cheng Chao , Zhang Greg , Zhang Fangjie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOsteoarthitis (OA) is the most common aging-related joint pathology; the aging process results in changes to joint tissues that ultimately contribute to the development of OA. Articular chondrocytes exhibit an aging-related decline in their proliferative and synthetic capacity. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1), a longevity gene related to many diseases associated with aging, is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylase and master metabolic regulator. Along with its natural activator resveratrol, SIRT 1 actively participates in the OA pathological progress. SIRT 1 expression in osteoarthritic cartilage decreases in the disease progression of OA; it appears to play a predominantly regulatory role in OA. SIRT 1 can regulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins; promote mesenchymal stem cell differentiation; play anti-catabolic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and anti-apoptosis roles; participate in the autophagic process; and regulate bone homeostasis in OA. Resveratrol can activate SIRT 1 in order to inhibit OA disease progression. In the future, activating SIRT 1 via resveratrol with improved bioavailability may be an appropriate therapeutic approach for OA.
Hybrid indoor location positioning system
Authors: Li Shuo , Rashidzadeh Rashid 
Published: April 2019

Indoor location positioning techniques have experienced a significant growth in recent years. This work presents a hybrid indoor positioning system with fine and coarse modes. It utilises acoustic signals for fine positioning and received signal strength (RSS) for coarse location estimation. Acoustic positioning systems require a line‐of‐sight connection for accurate positioning which may not be available due to obstacles in indoor environments. A new solution is presented to overcome this problem using RSS as a reference to validate the line‐of‐sight connection. Moreover, a new digital signal processing algorithm using a matched filter is presented to enhance the system's robustness in indoor environments with low a signal‐to‐noise ratio. Experimental measurement results in an indoor environment show that the proposed solution can accurately determine indoor locations with <6 cm positioning error on average.
Maud Mannoni, Françoise Dolto : Regards sur la débilité
Authors: Douville Olivier , Saladin Catherine 
Published: April 2019

Comment cette notion de débilité peut-elle être entendue par les psychanalystes ? Les éclairages de Maud Mannoni et de Françoise Dolto, toujours actuels, peuvent à travers leurs conceptions théoriques guider notre clinique Toutes deux ont appliqué la psychanalyse avec ces enfants dits débiles. Cela nous amène à questionner aujourd’hui la façon dont on s’occupe de ces enfants.
Leo Kanner, « Les problèmes de comportement »
Authors: El-Khattabi Séloua 
Published: April 2019

Traduction deDélinquancede Leo Kanner.En 1935, Leo Kanner publieChild Psychiatry(Psychiatrie de l’enfant) dont est tiré le chapitre ci-dessous qui nous dévoile un Leo Kanner clinicien de et dans la cité de cette première moitié du XXesiècle au plus près de la cause des enfants. Il se pose la question de savoir comment la société peut et doit accueillir la délinquance; après une longue revue de la littérature de son époque, il défend l’idée que la délinquance concerne au plus près le pédopsychiatre et que son rôle (à côté de tout l’appareil judiciaire) est de trouver avec l’enfant ou le jeune ce qu’il appellera à la suite de Plant le « casual breakdown ». Il s’agit de repérer avec l’enfant ce qui a fait événement subjectif et qui a déterminé les actes par la suite. C’est une approche psychodynamique qu’il soutient très finement dans ce chapitre de la Section 3 de son grand manuel de pédopsychiatrieChild Psychiatry.
La hâte et la halte : deux sœurs qui peuvent se donner la main et… construire du souple ?
Authors: Hessel Michel 
Published: April 2019

Ce témoignage inscrit une très ancienne question de son auteur : comment accompagner les désordres et désynchronisations du travail d’apprivoiser la vie ? Les diableries du quotidien contraignent volontiers à faire le choix de « prisons d’invention » : à mi-chemin entre la « norme mâle » (addiction aux postiches des figures imposées de l’imaginaire) et le gouffre vorace de la mélancolie. Les pathologies du rythme, du caractère, du rapport aux usages sociaux, de confusion des scènes et de rituels chiffrés sont des prisons d’invention. Par le truchement d’une discipline qu’inspire un bon sens fou, la psychanalyse traduit des souffles en lettre, au seuil de l’acte de dire. L’art est alors de donner la primeur à l’inédit. Psychothérapeute agnostique, le psychanalyste éprouve dans sa chair un « éprouver-avec-les-mots » qui croise un « dire-en-parole-vive ». C’est un pari d’au moins trois partenaires que de construire le bâti d’une nouvelle moisson de désir, qui impose le choix de la Vie, avec son intranquillité nécessaire.
Bandscheibenregeneration – Konzepte und Ergebnisse
Authors: Hegewald Aldemar 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungNarrative Übersichtsarbeit zu regenerativen Therapiestrategien bei degenerativen Bandscheibenerkrankungen. Bisher publizierte klinische Studien und deren Ergebnisse werden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Biologische Therapiekonzepte, Probleme und aktuelle Entwicklungen werden erläutert.
Ist die ultraschallgesteuerte Dialyseshuntpunktion für Pflegekräfte unverzichtbar?
Authors: Spindler Beate 
Published: April 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Punktion großlumiger Gefäße ohne Bildgebung gilt heute in der Intensivmedizin bereits als Kunstfehler. Da keine Kontraindikationen der ultraschallgestützten Punktion bekannt sind, ist der Einsatz dieser Technik bei der Shuntpunktion nur konsequent. Die korrekte Technik kann durch intensive Schulungen und Übungen erlernt werden. Diese sind für eine Akzeptanz im Team sowie für erfolgreiche Punktionen essenziell.
Sechsjähriger Flüchtling vorgestellt wegen „starker Körperbehaarung“
Authors: Ackermann P. , Woelfle J. , Gohlke B. 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungEin nach Deutschland immigrierter Junge wird im Alter von 6 Jahren vorgestellt, weil er zu viel Körperhaare hätte und bereits rasiert werden müsse. Der festgestellte Großwuchs und die (Pseudo-)Pubertas präcox legen die dringende Verdachtsdiagnose eines „Adrenogenitalen Syndroms“ nahe. Dies wird durch weitere Untersuchungen bestätigt und eine entsprechende Therapie begonnen. Durch die späte Diagnose war es bereits zu einer deutlichen Knochenalterakzeleration gekommen, sodass die Endlänge des Jungen deutlich reduziert sein wird.