bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antithrombin III and Heparin Cofactor II in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Regular Hemodialysis
Authors: Toulon P , Jacquot C , Capron L , Frydman M -O , Vignon D , Aiach M 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHeparin enhances the inhibition rate of thrombin by both antithrombin III (AT III) and heparin cofactor II (HC II). We studied the activity of these two plasma proteins in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing regular hemodialysis as their heparin requirements varied widely. In 77 normal blood donors, normal ranges (mean ± 2 SD) were 82-122% for AT III and 65-145% for HC II. When compared with these controls 82 dialyzed CRF patients had a subnormal AT III activity and a significantly (p <0.001) lower HC II activity. To evaluate the effect of hemodialysis we compared AT III, HC II and total proteins in plasma before and after dialysis in. 24 patients (12 with normal and 12 with low basal HC II activity). AT III and HC II activities significantly (p <0.001) increased in absolute value. When related to total plasma proteins, in order to suppress the influence of hemoconcentration induced by dialysis, AT III decreased significantly (p <0.01) whereas HC II increased slightly but significantly (p <0.01) in the 12 patients with low initial HC II activity. The decrease of AT III induced by heparin administrated during dialysis is likely to account for this relative decrease of AT III activity. A modification of the distribution of both HC II and heparin between the vascular wall and the circulating blood is evoked to explain the relative increase in HC II activity and the need for higher heparin dosage in patients with low HC II levels.
Vitamin K-Dependent Blood Clotting Changes in Female Rats Treated with Oestrogens
Authors: Hart J E 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHexoestrol, diethylstilboestrol and ethinyloestradiol administered orally at a dose of 60 mg/kg/day to groups of five rats caused decreases in vitamin K-dependent blood clotting as measured by the Thrombotest reaction. These changes were self-limiting over a twenty-day study period and were not associated with external signs of bleeding. Pretreatment with testosterone and vitamin K1 did not significantly affect the clotting changes, but the antioestrogen clomiphene citrate exacerbated these, in several cases to lethal effect. Death was associated with haemorrhage. Hexoestrol-treated rats receiving clomiphene citrate in a sub-experiment did not show the increase in liver weight seen in animals given hexoestrol alone. In another sub-experiment, the level of clotting factor VII activity in the plasma of rats receiving hexoestrol at 60 mg/kg/day for four days was shown to be about half that of controls. There was probably no abnormal clotting inhibitor activity. It was deduced that the reduction in factor VII activity was more likely to be due to a decrease in synthesis as a result of liver dysfunction than changes in vitamin K availability. Clomiphene citrate may exacerbate the liver-dependent clotting disorders induced by oestrogens by preventing an adaptive increase in liver mass. It is concluded that the rat is a poor model species for investigating the blood clotting disorders seen in humans treated with oestrogens.
Platelet Release in Hemophilia
Authors: Al-Mondhiry Hamid 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlatelet function abnormalities have been described in some patients with hemophilia. This study reports measurements of plasma β-thromboglobulin (BTG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), sensitive and specific markers of platelet α-granule release in 72 hemophiliacs. Patients were studied on multiple occasions depending on their clinical condition and the treatment given. Stable patients without recent bleeding showed significantly elevated BTG levels: 29.72 ± 12.77 ng/ml, control 23.22 ± 8.22, p = 0.006. This appears to be independent of the presence of liver disease, human immune deficiency virus infection (HIV) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The increased BTG level seems to correlate with the severity of the disease as reflected by the frequency of bleeding and the quantity of factor concentrate used but not with plasma factor VIII or IX procoagulant activity. Patients who have experienced recent bleeding showed a marked rise in BTG level (77.26 ± 51.37 ng/ml, p = 0.0002), indicating enhanced in vivo platelet activation. These observations suggest that enhanced platelet release in hemophilia most likely reflects sustained activation of hemostasis secondary to frequent bleeding characteristic of the severe form of the disease.
Platelet Reactivity in Unstable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Swahn Eva , Wallentin Lars 
Published: July 2018

SummaryUnstable coronary artery disease (CAD) might be related to obstructions of coronary blood flow by platelet aggregates. In 121 men and 43 women admitted to the coronary care unit with suspected unstable CAD, blood samples for tests of platelet function were obtained within 24 hours after admission. Platelet reactivity was tested in vitro in platelet rich plasma as the aggregability towards ADP 1 μM and collagen 1 mg/ml and as the sensitivity to prostacyclin (PSP). The levels of beta-thrombo-globulin and platelet factor 4 were determined ex vivo in platelet poor plasma. Patients who developed a nontransmural myocardial infarction (n = 39) or had signs of myocardial ischemia at an exercise test performed within a week (n = 39) were considered to have unstable CAD while patients without signs of ischemia constituted the control group. In the acute phase the PSP was reduced in patients with unstable CAD without any difference between genders. The aggregability towards ADP was higher in women than men but otherwise there were no differences between groups or sexes in any other test in the acute phase. After 12 months there were no differences in PSP between the groups but women had a lower PSP than men. Thus, in the acute phase of unstable CAD, the platelet sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of prostacyclin was reduced which might contribute to the risk for further platelet aggregation, coronary occlusion and myocardial infarction.
Platelet Ca2+ Homeostasis: Na+-Ca2+ Exchange in Plasma Membrane Vesicles
Authors: Rengasamy Appavoo , Soura Soudabeh , Feinberg Harold 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA vesicular plasma membrane-enriched fraction obtained from human platelets exhibited 45Ca2+ uptake in exchange for intravesicular Na+. The rate of Ca2+ uptake was linear up to 4 sec. The apparent Km for Ca2+ was 22 pM and the Vmax 280 pmol/mg/ sec. Ca2+ efflux from Ca2+ loaded vesicles was obtained upon dilution into a NaCl but not a KC1 medium. The extent of Ca2+uptake was monotonically increased as the pH increased from 6 to 9. Na+-Ca2+ exchange was shown to be electrogenic. Ca2+ uptake was distinguished from binding by the induction of Ca2+ release after A23187 addition. These findings support a role for Na+-Ca2+ exchange in human platelet Ca2+ transport.
Evidence-Based Guidelines: Tympanostomy Tube Insertion and Adenotonsillectomy
Authors: Brigger Matthew , Wilson Justin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMyringotomy with tympanostomy tube placement and tonsillectomy (with or without adenoidectomy) are two of the most common procedures performed in the pediatric population. Indications for these surgical treatments are for correspondingly prevalent conditions affecting children, including middle ear and adenotonsillar disease, which are treated by many specialty groups spanning family physicians, pediatricians, emergency care physicians, and otolaryngologists. Despite the common nature of these diseases and respective indicated surgeries, their management has in the past had limited evidence-based guidelines. This article consolidates the most up-to-date evidence from the otolaryngology, pediatric, and infectious disease literature to guide the management with tympanostomy tube insertion and adenotonsillectomy in the pediatric population.
Adverse Maternal Outcomes Differ between Obese and Nonobese Women with Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Durnwald Celeste , Srinivas Sindhu , Levine Lisa , Teefey Christina 
Published: July 2018

Objective This article evaluates the differences in adverse maternal outcomes related to severe preeclampsia in obese versus nonobese women.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study and planned secondary analysis of women with severe preeclampsia comparing a composite adverse maternal outcome related to preeclampsia among obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and nonobese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) women. The composite outcome was defined as ≥ 1 of the following prior to discharge: renal failure, liver abnormality, thrombocytopenia, blood transfusion, pulmonary edema, disseminated intravascular coagulation, stroke, or eclampsia. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for confounders.
Results Of the 152 women included, 37.5% were obese and 62.5% were nonobese. The prevalence of the primary outcome was 15.8% with obese women less likely to have the composite outcome compared with nonobese women (7% vs. 21.1%, p = 0.02). This remained after adjusting for confounders including maternal age, race, and chronic hypertension (adjusted odds ratio, 0.33 [0.12–0.89], p = 0.03). Obese women were, however, more likely to require intravenous antihypertensive medication peripartum compared with nonobese women (49.1% vs. 28.4%, p = 0.01).
Conclusion Obese women with severe preeclampsia may have a different phenotype of severe preeclampsia that is more associated with severe hypertension rather than end-organ damage.
Posterolateral Rotatory Knee Instability—MRI Evaluation of Anatomic Landmarks for Tibial Drill Tunnel Placement in Open and Arthroscopic Popliteus Tendon Reconstruction
Authors: Krause Matthias , Akoto Ralph , Drenck Tobias Claus , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Preiss Achim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnatomic reconstruction of the popliteus tendon and arcuate complex results in superior functional and a biomechanically more stable outcome compared with extra-anatomic techniques in posterolateral rotatory knee instability. Although specific characteristics of the femoral and fibular footprint of the anatomic posterolateral reconstruction have been described, data for tibial tunnel placement while popliteus tendon reconstruction do not exist. The purpose of this study was to quantify reasonable parameters, which could be used in arthroscopy, fluoroscopy, or open surgery to determine the anatomic tibial drill tunnel position in popliteus tendon reconstruction. Thirty magnetic resonance images of 30 patients with an intact posterolateral corner (PLC) were analyzed to specify the ideal point for tibial fixation of a popliteus tendon graft with respect to 17 bony, cartilaginous, and ligamentous anatomic landmarks. The ideal point for tibial fixation was defined as the musculotendinous junction of the popliteus tendon near to the insertion of the popliteofibular ligament. In the coronal plane, the ideal tibial fixation was located at the crossing of a tangent to the fibular head, parallel to the joint line with a tangent to the medial border of the fibular head, and vertical to the joint line with a deviation of less than 1 mm. It was located 0.26 (±1.91) mm superior to the distal edge and 11.75 (±2.66) mm lateral to the lateral edge of the tibial posterior cruciate ligament footprint and only 8.68 (±2.81) mm lateral to the lateral edge of the neurovascular bundle. Interrater reliability to detect the correct position of the popliteus tendon graft footprint was almost perfect. The position for tibial drill tunnel placement in anatomic popliteus tendon reconstruction showed low interindividual differences. The present findings of the quantified anatomic landmarks might improve open, fluoroscopy, or arthroscopy guided PLC reconstruction.
Constructing personal identities online
Authors: Salonen Elise 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The current study aims to discern how identities are built within a sample of ten popular personal blogs and to depict the varieties of identities that emerge. The focus is placed on the diversity of topics disclosed by the bloggers (the breadth of self-disclosure) and the context-bound personal identities that are constructed through this process. The material employs Gee’s (2011) classification of I-statements and Bucholtz and Hall’s (2005, 2008) theorization of interaction and identity. The analysis shows that the topics disclosed in the blogs elucidate facets of online identity supported and created by interaction with the audience, and that a close examination of self-disclosure provides a fruitful approach to studying online identity construction.
The development of identity in Batman comics
Authors: Enzweiler Claudia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter analyses dialogues in the American comic book series Batman for constructions of identity in fictional interaction. Far from remaining static, the characters develop as the plot progresses and their language reflects these changes. Although there are linguistic expectations for the members of Batman’s team, these are not fulfilled by every character all the time. The analyses show how characters do or do not meet them. The identities are continuously shifting in reaction to the ongoing talk and one part of a participant’s self is usually foregrounded in any given exchange. Even though some comic book issues in my data were published over a decade apart by different staff, each character is linguistically consistent enough to be recognizable, but simultaneously refashioned enough to befit the new identity.
“no prizes to anybody spotting my typo, by the way”
Authors: Eller Monika 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Criticising others not only seems to be one of the core functions of comments posted on newspaper websites, but also an intriguing means to perform identity work. This paper therefore consists of a fine-grained analysis of the discursive construction of identity in critical comments posted on the websites of the Guardian and the Times. Drawing on the framework proposed by Bucholtz and Hall (2005, 2010), the study explores how the users construe and negotiate not only the identity of the person criticised in their comments, but also their own. Focusing on criticism targeting the journalist and prior commenters, it reveals how criticism can be used to foreground certain identity aspects and uncovers the different strategies employed for this purpose.
Sociocultural and linguistic constraints in address choice from Latin to Italian
Authors: Molinelli Piera 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter identifies the changes which led from the Early Latin address system, when address choice was unmarked as to the reverential dimension, to Late Latin, when such functions progressively emerged establishing the opposition between tu and Vos (2pl), and then to the Italian system. Speakers of Old Italian continued the differentiation in the address system, and, starting from the tu/Vos opposition, subsequent developments led to a tripartite system (tu/Voi/Lei).
The chapter traces the main pragmatic and structural steps in the development of address terms and the external and internal factors involved. Whereas the emergence of reverential forms in the history of Latin is mainly due to socio-cultural factors, the change from Voi to Lei can be attributed to both social (contact with Spanish) and linguistic factors, since the use of honorifics triggered anaphoric abstract reference to a third person, then morphologised as third singular pronouns (Lei).
Beyond the notion of periphery
Authors: Salameh Jiménez Shima , Estellés María , Pons Bordería Salvador 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper offers an alternative analysis to the Subjectivity, Intersubjectivity and Peripheries Hypothesis or SIPH (Beeching, Degand, Detges, Traugott and Waltereit 2009; Traugott 2012; Beeching and Detges 2014; Higashizumi, Onodera and Sohn 2016). The SIPH focuses on the left and right peripheries of a single reference unit: sentence, utterance or turn. Against this unidimensional analysis, this paper argues in favour of a bidimensional analysis such as the one offered by the Val.Es.Co. model where eight different-scope units and four positions per unit offer a more flexible way to capture the evolution of discourse markers. The analysis of Sp. ¿no? (huh?), mira (look), oye (hey) and ¡vaya! (wow!) reveals that the subjective and intersubjective positioning of the speakers is better accounted for by taking the discourse unit and the meaning of the DM into account, rather than its structural position at the left or right periphery of an utterance.
Orthography as an identity marker
Authors: Guerini Federica 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the introduction of road signs displaying both the Italian and the local Italo-Romance dialect (Bergamasco) version of place-names by some municipal authorities in the province of Bergamo (in Northern Italy). I will argue that the decision to consider the local Bergamasco dialect eligible for public display carries social and political meaning. Bilingual road signs will be shown to challenge the traditional distinction between ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ items of the linguistic landscape (Landry and Bourhis 1997: 25). Through the analysis of the graphic solutions adopted in order to write a language used almost exclusively up until now in the spoken form (i.e. the local Bergamasco dialect), I will offer a few observations on the significance of orthographic variation and on the symbolic, identity-related, value of spelling choices.
Positioning the self in talk about group
Authors: Höfler Concha Maria 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on the discourse marker chestno govorya ‘honestly speaking’ as a device allowing speakers to create greater closeness between interlocutors and then drawing sharp social boundaries in positioning their own community in relation to others. The study is based on an ethnographically informed conversation analysis of 49 semi-structured interviews with members of Georgia’s Greek community and elucidates the links between the nano level of interaction and larger societal discourses ranging from the communal to the (post-) Soviet imaginary. It is shown how chestno serves firstly as a disclaimer of potentially difficult topics ahead, of risky self-disclosure which fosters intimacy, enabling speakers to establish the recurring boundary between ‘Christians’ and ‘Muslims’ or rehearse stereotypes, established as a child. Methodologically, a corpus search for veracity devices, such as chestno govorya, can help identify sections of discourse where problematic issues relating to the way speakers position themselves in their community are being discussed.
Romanian dependent numerals as ratios
Authors: Panaitescu Mara 
Published: July 2018

The aim of the paper is to present an account of Romanian cardinal DPs containing the distributivity marker câte (Dependent Numerals – DNums henceforth), with a view to a possible extension to other DNums attested cross-linguistically. The proposal adopted here is expected to extend to dependency markers which do not enforce their own distributivity and which obligatorily apply to monotonic measures (câte 200 de grame, ‘CÂTE 200 grams’ vs. #câte 20 de grade Celsius, ‘CÂTE degrees Celsius’). Firstly, distributivity is satisfied by co-indexation with a plurality of events which is independently provided. The indirect relation between the DNum and the participant or runtime sortal key translates as a ratio. A sentence such as The boys read CÂTE two books verifies the condition that the ratio of read books (SHARE) per reading boy (KEY) is two. Secondly, the monotonicity constraint is claimed here to be an outcome of the following facts: câte ranges over event-object pairs; it induces event-related (ER) interpretations via the same mechanism as cumulative ER cardinals discussed in the literature, which accounts for the monotonicity constraint.1
Bueno-, pues-, and
bueno-pues-prefacing in Spanish
conversation
Authors: Raymond Chase Wesley 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This chapter reports on two turn-initial particles in Spanish:
bueno and pues. While previous
research has equated both of these to
well-prefacing in English in that they project
“unexpectedness”, here the aim is to explicate the distinct
interactional work that each particle performs. Focusing on
responses to questions, I show that bueno-prefaced
responses do not overtly problematize the prior utterance, but
rather accept its terms before departing from them, and thereby
acquiesce to the prior turn’s design. Pues-prefaced
responses, by contrast, are directly addressed to the prior turn,
but they cast that prior turn’s action or design as problematic in
some way. I conclude by illustrating how these two uses are not
mutually exclusive by examining the compound preface
bueno-pues.
Diverging from ‘business as usual’
Authors: Mushin Ilana 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the first detailed attempt to analyse the
interactional functions of a turn-initial particle in an Australian
Aboriginal language. The Garrwa particle ngala has
grammatical properties of a clause connector that sets up a contrast
between two simultaneous but distinct events (similar to English
while). In this paper I show that
ngala is used in conversation turn-initially to
simultaneously connect the upcoming talk with the prior turn and to
project that the upcoming turn diverges in trajectory from the prior
talk or course of action. I also show how the clause connecting and
turn-initial functions of ngala are characterised
by distinct syntactic and prosodic shapes.
A deep neural network approach for learning intrinsic protein-RNA binding preferences
Authors: Ben-Bassat Ilan , Chor Benny , Orenstein Yaron 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The complexes formed by binding of proteins to RNAs play key roles in many biological processes, such as splicing, gene expression regulation, translation and viral replication. Understanding protein-RNA binding may thus provide important insights to the functionality and dynamics of many cellular processes. This has sparked substantial interest in exploring protein-RNA binding experimentally, and predicting it computationally. The key computational challenge is to efficiently and accurately infer protein-RNA binding models that will enable prediction of novel protein-RNA interactions to additional transcripts of interest.

Results
We developed DLPRB (Deep Learning for Protein-RNA Binding), a new deep neural network (DNN) approach for learning intrinsic protein-RNA binding preferences and predicting novel interactions. We present two different network architectures: a convolutional neural network (CNN), and a recurrent neural network (RNN). The novelty of our network hinges upon two key aspects: (i) the joint analysis of both RNA sequence and structure, which is represented as a probability vector of different RNA structural contexts; (ii) novel features in the architecture of the networks, such as the application of RNNs to RNA-binding prediction, and the combination of hundreds of variable-length filters in the CNN. Our results in inferring accurate RNA-binding models from high-throughput in vitro data exhibit substantial improvements, compared to all previous approaches for protein-RNA binding prediction (both DNN and non-DNN based). A more modest, yet statistically significant, improvement is achieved for in vivo binding prediction. When incorporating experimentally-measured RNA structure, compared to predicted one, the improvement on in vivo data increases. By visualizing the binding specificities, we can gain biological insights underlying the mechanism of protein RNA-binding.

Availability and implementation
The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/ilanbb/dlprb.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.