bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytoclimatic mapping of exoplanets
Authors: Stevenson David S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe concept of exoplanetary habitability is evolving. The driving force is a desire to define the biological potential of planets and identify which can host complex and possibly intelligent life. To assess this in a meaningful manner, climate models need to be applied to realistic surfaces. However, the vast majority of climate models are developed using generic aquaplanet, or swamp planet, scenarios that provide uniform, surface frictional coefficients. However, aside from planets with largely uniform oceans, these models are not obviously useful when it comes to understanding the impact of climate on biodiversity. Here, we show that contrary to expectation, the aquaplanet models can be directly applied to planets with a variety of land areas, with little need for modification. Using this premise, this paper provides a simple mathematical framework that may be applied to more complex planetary surfaces and identifies the majority of the climate-model components that are needed to accurately determine the biological potential of habitable exoplanets. As a proof-of-concept, an available climate model for Proxima b is used to determine its biological potential, given a suitable atmosphere.
The relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life in cancer survivors
Authors: Yilmaz Meryem , Cengiz Hatice Öner 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between spiritual well-being (SpWB) and quality of life (QoL) in cancer (CA) survivors.MethodsThe current study was conducted in the oncology center at a university hospital in Central Anatolia/Turkey. In this study, a descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. The data collected included: a questionnaire form, the current study was conducted in the oncology center at a university hospital in Central Anatolia/Turkey. In this study, a descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. SpWB was assessed by the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale, version 4 (FACIT-Sp12, v. 4), including Meaning, Peace, and Faith subscales. The QoL was evaluated using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General scale (FACT-G, v. 4). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, independent sample t-test, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsOne hundred fifty patients participated in this study: 61.30% female, 78% 45 years of age or older, 94.70% married, 46% had finished, and 69% had gastrointestinal tract CA. The mean age was 53.48 (SD = 9.43). The majority of participants (96.7%) endorsed “a force pushing them a will to live” while 59.3% supported “the power of relationships with others.” There was a positive, strong correlation between overall QoL and SpWB (r = 0.619, p < 0.01). The Meaning dimensions of SpWB with Functional Well-Being (FWB) and overall QoL (r = 0.512; 0.595, p < 0.000 respectively), Peace with Emotional Well-Being (EWB) and FWB (r = 0.598; 0.540, p < 0.000 respectively) dimensions of FACT-G and overall QoL (r = 0.609, p < 0.001) were strong correlated. Faith and QoL were not significantly correlated.Significance of resultsThis study demonstrates that SpWB positively contributed to the QoL of CA survivors. SpWB is not necessarily limited to any specific types of beliefs or practices. For some people, faith in self, others and/or God constitutes, in large part, the meaning, purpose, and fulfillment they find in life.
Gravity Gradiometry With GRACE Space Missions: New Opportunities for the Geosciences
Authors: Peidou A. , Pagiatakis S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new paradigm views the recently launched Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) follow‐on mission as a gradiometer system, outside the mission's design concept, promising potentially major implications in geosciences. We develop an innovative and straightforward concept, the “GRACE gradiometer mode,” to process future GRACE follow‐on measurements to derive three‐dimensional gravitational gradients. Using positions, accelerations, and attitude measurements from the identical predecessor mission GRACE, we generate common and differential accelerations. We validate GRACE differential accelerations using Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) mission gradiometer measurements and we demonstrate an important and promising agreement between GRACE and GOCE. Consequently, we estimate gravitational gradients in full and we confirm their ability to detect geophysical signals over three example regions, namely, the Himalayas, Indonesia, and Canada. Coherence analysis between GOCE and GRACE gradients reveals a strong match that reaches up to 80%. GRACE gradiometer mode gradients are also compared with GRACE level 2‐ derived gradients, and results show that the new method captures smaller spatial‐scale signals than GOCE with the trade‐off being at higher noise level. We argue that future enhancements of the proposed proof‐of‐concept method will expand and enhance the GRACE follow‐on objectives that will lead to new insights, discoveries, and applications in the Earth system and the geosciences.
Transient Deformation in California From Two Decades of GPS Displacements: Implications for a Three‐Dimensional Kinematic Reference Frame
Authors: Klein Emilie , Bock Yehuda , Xu Xiaohua , Sandwell David T. , Golriz Dorian , Fang Peng , Su Lina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOur understanding of plate boundary deformation has been enhanced by transient signals observed against the backdrop of time‐independent secular motions. We make use of a new analysis of displacement time series from about 1,000 continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in California from 1999 to 2018 to distinguish tectonic and nontectonic transients from secular motion. A primary objective is to define a high‐resolution three‐dimensional reference frame (datum) for California that can be rapidly maintained with geodetic data to accommodate both secular and time‐dependent motions. To this end, we compare the displacements to those predicted by a horizontal secular fault slip model for the region and construct displacement and strain rate fields. Over the past 19 years, California has experienced 19 geodetically detectable earthquakes and widespread postseismic deformation. We observe postseismic strain rate variations as large as 1,000 nstrain/year with moment releases equivalent up to an Mw6.8 earthquake. We find significant secular differences up to 10 mm/year with the fault slip model, from the Mendocino Triple Junction to the southern Cascadia subduction zone, the northern Basin and Range, and the Santa Barbara channel. Secular vertical uplift is observed across the Transverse Ranges, Coastal Ranges, Sierra Nevada, as well as large‐scale postseismic uplift after the 1999 Mw7.1 Hector Mine and 2010 Mw7.2 El Mayor‐Cucapah earthquakes. We also identify areas of vertical land motions due to anthropogenic, natural, and magmatic processes. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the kinematic datum by improving the accuracy of high‐spatial‐resolution 12‐day repeat‐cycle Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar displacement and velocity maps.
Oxygen Vacancy Ordering in Aluminous Bridgmanite in the Earth's Lower Mantle
Authors: Grüninger Helen , Liu Zhaodong , Siegel Renée , Boffa Ballaran Tiziana , Katsura Tomoo , Senker Jürgen , Frost Daniel J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOxygen vacancies (OVs), that charge‐balance the replacement of octahedrally coordinated Si4+ by Al3+ in the mineral bridgmanite, will influence transport properties in the lower mantle but little is known about their stability and local structure. Using 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy we have characterized OVs within six aluminous bridgmanite samples. In the resulting NMR spectra sixfold, fivefold, and fourfold coordinated Al species are resolved, in addition to near eightfold coordinated Al substituting for Mg. Fivefold coordinated Al is formed by single OV sites but fourfold coordination must result from short range ordering of OVs, producing OV clusters that may form through migration into twin domain walls. Characterizing the occurrence of such OV structures is an important prerequisite for understanding how transport properties change with depth and composition in the lower mantle.
Mobility, Thickness, and Hydraulic Diffusivity of the Slow‐Moving Monroe Landslide in California Revealed by L‐Band Satellite Radar Interferometry
Authors: Hu Xie , Bürgmann Roland , Lu Zhong , Handwerger Alexander L. , Wang Teng , Miao Runze 
Published: July 2019

AbstractActive landslides cause fatalities and property losses worldwide. Landslide behaviors can be enigmatic in natural landscapes and therefore require high‐quality observations of their kinematics to improve our ability to predict landslide behavior. Here we use geodetic interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations to characterize the geometry and the spatio‐temporal deformation of the slow‐moving, deep‐seated Monroe landslide in northern California between 2007 and 2017. InSAR phase discontinuities show that the landslide is bounded by discrete strike‐slip faults at the lateral margins and segregated into distinct kinematic elements by normal and thrust faults. We find that the Monroe landslide has been moving consistently, with a maximum rate of about 0.7 m/year in the narrowest longitudinal center of the transport zone. The thickest landslide mass is estimated to be in a zone located between subsiding and the uplifting kinematic elements at the lower transport zone. The timing and magnitude of the landslide displacement are modulated by the intensity and duration of precipitation, as well as the antecedent water content of the landslide mass. In addition, we use a one‐dimensional pore‐water pressure diffusion model to estimate the rainfall‐modulated pore‐water pressure changes and hydraulic diffusivity. We find hydraulic diffusivity values between
m2/s, which agrees with ground‐based measurements in this region. Displacement measurements on the hillslopes obtained from geodetic InSAR observations allow us to characterize the mobility, depth, and hydraulic diffusivity of slow‐moving landslides.
High‐Resolution Eocene Magnetostratigraphy of the Xijigou Section: Implications for the Infilling Process of Xining Basin, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yang Fan , Guo Zhengtang , Zhang Chunxia , Abu Sadat Md Sayem , He Zhilin , Deng Chenglong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Eocene was the initial stage of the Cenozoic global climatic transition from greenhouse to icehouse conditions. Our understanding of the Eocene climate is based mainly on marine records, and comparison of marine and terrestrial climate records of the Eocene has revealed inconsistencies. Thus, there is a need for more continuous, high‐resolution Eocene sedimentary records from land. Xining Basin in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau contains a sequence of well‐exposed and complete Eocene strata. Extending previous research, we have conducted a new high‐resolution lithostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic study of the Xijigou section in Xining Basin. The results indicate that the Xijigou section spans the interval from ~34.2 to 53 Ma, representing an average sediment accumulation rate of ~1.4 cm/kyr. The basal ages of the Mahalagou and Honggou Formations are ~39.9 and ~52.4 Ma, respectively. A comparison of all available Eocene sedimentary records from Xining Basin indicates that the strata deposited during ~53–35 Ma developed conformably and are well correlated over space. We conclude that sediment deposition was not affected by large‐scale tectonic activity at the time and rather was controlled by the global climate. After ~35 Ma, the sediment accumulation rate increased to ~4 cm/kyr, which may reflect the far‐field influence of the India‐Eurasia collision on Xining Basin.
Aquifer Sensitivity to Earthquakes: The 1755 Lisbon Earthquake
Authors: Sanz de Ojeda Andrés , Alhama Iván , Sanz Eugenio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe development of a theoretical analytical model leads us to consider the recession coefficient as a useful hydrological parameter for studying the hydraulic impacts of an earthquake on spring flow in terms of the increase of persistent discharges and the overall alteration of springs. Both the inertia of the aquifer emptying and the increased pore pressure in the lower part of the aquifer caused by the earthquake contribute to maintaining the discharge of persistent springs. Abundant information on the hydrological phenomena induced or modified by the 1755 Lisbon earthquake (M ∈ [8,9]) and its relationship with present‐day knowledge of the geology and hydrogeology of Portugal and Spain, as well as Spanish spring statistics, have allowed us to identify the factors that most influence the hydraulic sensitivity of aquifers to that earthquake: regional faults, geological boundaries between large geological units, the granite lithology, and aquifers with high recession coefficients. We observe an overall single response, which was an increase in postseismic spring discharges over the entire of the SW quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula (1–24 months). The persisting discharges were concentrated close to the major NE‐SW directional faults located in SW Portugal that are linked to the Azores‐Gibraltar strike‐slip fault. In terms of the geographical distribution of the hydrological phenomena, we observe that in the near and intermediate field of the earthquake source, there were persistent increases in spring flow in hard rocks occurring alongside persistent diffuse discharges, liquefaction, and rising water levels in wells due to consolidation of superficial geological formations.
Metasurface orbital angular momentum holography
Authors: Ren Haoran , Briere Gauthier , Fang Xinyuan , Ni Peinan , Sawant Rajath , Héron Sébastien , Chenot Sébastien , Vézian Stéphane , Damilano Benjamin , Brändli Virginie , Maier Stefan A. , Genevet Patrice 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAllowing subwavelength-scale-digitization of optical wavefronts to achieve complete control of light at interfaces, metasurfaces are particularly suited for the realization of planar phase-holograms that promise new applications in high-capacity information technologies. Similarly, the use of orbital angular momentum of light as a new degree of freedom for information processing can further improve the bandwidth of optical communications. However, due to the lack of orbital angular momentum selectivity in the design of conventional holograms, their utilization as an information carrier for holography has never been implemented. Here we demonstrate metasurface orbital angular momentum holography by utilizing strong orbital angular momentum selectivity offered by meta-holograms consisting of GaN nanopillars with discrete spatial frequency distributions. The reported orbital angular momentum-multiplexing allows lensless reconstruction of a range of distinctive orbital angular momentum-dependent holographic images. The results pave the way to the realization of ultrahigh-capacity holographic devices harnessing the previously inaccessible orbital angular momentum multiplexing.
Deletion of a Csf1r enhancer selectively impacts CSF1R expression and development of tissue macrophage populations
Authors: Rojo Rocío , Raper Anna , Ozdemir Derya D. , Lefevre Lucas , Grabert Kathleen , Wollscheid-Lengeling Evi , Bradford Barry , Caruso Melanie , Gazova Iveta , Sánchez Alejandra , Lisowski Zofia M. , Alves Joana , Molina-Gonzalez Irene , Davtyan Hayk , Lodge Rebecca J. , Glover James D. , Wallace Robert , Munro David A. D. , David Eyal , Amit Ido , Miron Véronique E. , Priller Josef , Jenkins Stephen J. , Hardingham Giles E. , Blurton-Jones Mathew , Mabbott Neil A. , Summers Kim M. , Hohenstein Peter , Hume David A. , Pridans Clare 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe proliferation, differentiation and survival of mononuclear phagocytes depend on signals from the receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor, CSF1R. The mammalian Csf1r locus contains a highly conserved super-enhancer, the fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE). Here we show that genomic deletion of FIRE in mice selectively impacts CSF1R expression and tissue macrophage development in specific tissues. Deletion of FIRE ablates macrophage development from murine embryonic stem cells. Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice lack macrophages in the embryo, brain microglia and resident macrophages in the skin, kidney, heart and peritoneum. The homeostasis of other macrophage populations and monocytes is unaffected, but monocytes and their progenitors in bone marrow lack surface CSF1R. Finally, Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice are healthy and fertile without the growth, neurological or developmental abnormalities reported in Csf1r−/− rodents. Csf1rΔFIRE/ΔFIRE mice thus provide a model to explore the homeostatic, physiological and immunological functions of tissue-specific macrophage populations in adult animals.
Molecular mechanism of setron-mediated inhibition of full-length 5-HT3A receptor
Authors: Basak Sandip , Gicheru Yvonne , Kapoor Abhijeet , Mayer Megan L. , Filizola Marta , Chakrapani Sudha 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSerotonin receptor (5-HT3AR) is the most common therapeutic target to manage the nausea and vomiting during cancer therapies and in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Setrons, a class of competitive antagonists, cause functional inhibition of 5-HT3AR in the gastrointestinal tract and brainstem, acting as effective anti-emetic agents. Despite their prevalent use, the molecular mechanisms underlying setron binding and inhibition of 5-HT3AR are not fully understood. Here, we present the structure of granisetron-bound full-length 5-HT3AR solved by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to 2.92 Å resolution. The reconstruction reveals the orientation of granisetron in the orthosteric site with unambiguous density for interacting sidechains. Molecular dynamics simulations and electrophysiology confirm the granisetron binding orientation and the residues central for ligand recognition. Comparison of granisetron-bound 5-HT3AR with the apo and serotonin-bound structures, reveals key insights into the mechanism underlying 5-HT3AR inhibition.
Launching of hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in h-BN slabs by resonant metal plasmonic antennas
Authors: Pons-Valencia P. , Alfaro-Mozaz F. J. , Wiecha M. M. , Biolek V. , Dolado I. , Vélez S. , Li P. , Alonso-González P. , Casanova F. , Hueso L. E. , Martín-Moreno L. , Hillenbrand R. , Nikitin A. Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLaunching and manipulation of polaritons in van der Waals materials offers novel opportunities for field-enhanced molecular spectroscopy and photodetection, among other applications. Particularly, the highly confined hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in h-BN slabs attract growing interest for their capability of guiding light at the nanoscale. An efficient coupling between free space photons and HPhPs is, however, hampered by their large momentum mismatch. Here, we show —by far-field infrared spectroscopy, infrared nanoimaging and numerical simulations— that resonant metallic antennas can efficiently launch HPhPs in thin h-BN slabs. Despite the strong hybridization of HPhPs in the h-BN slab and Fabry-Pérot plasmonic resonances in the metal antenna, the efficiency of launching propagating HPhPs in h-BN by resonant antennas exceeds significantly that of the non-resonant ones. Our results provide fundamental insights into the launching of HPhPs in thin polar slabs by resonant plasmonic antennas, which will be crucial for phonon-polariton based nanophotonic devices.
Subtype-specific secretomic characterization of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumor cells
Authors: Wang Xu-Dong , Hu Rongkuan , Ding Qing , Savage Trisha K. , Huffman Kenneth E. , Williams Noelle , Cobb Melanie H. , Minna John D. , Johnson Jane E. , Yu Yonghao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) cancer, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), is a particularly aggressive malignancy. The lineage-specific transcription factors Achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1), NEUROD1 and POU2F3 have been reported to identify the different subtypes of pulmonary NE cancers. Using a large-scale mass spectrometric approach, here we perform quantitative secretome analysis in 13 cell lines that signify the different NE lung cancer subtypes. We quantify 1,626 proteins and identify IGFBP5 as a secreted marker for ASCL1High SCLC. ASCL1 binds to the E-box elements in IGFBP5 and directly regulates its transcription. Knockdown of ASCL1 decreases IGFBP5 expression, which, in turn, leads to hyperactivation of IGF-1R signaling. Pharmacological co-targeting of ASCL1 and IGF-1R results in markedly synergistic effects in ASCL1High SCLC in vitro and in mouse models. We expect that this secretome resource will provide the foundation for future mechanistic and biomarker discovery studies, helping to delineate the molecular underpinnings of pulmonary NE tumors.
Cytomembrane nanovaccines show therapeutic effects by mimicking tumor cells and antigen presenting cells
Authors: Liu Wen-Long , Zou Mei-Zhen , Liu Tao , Zeng Jin-Yue , Li Xue , Yu Wu-Yang , Li Chu-Xin , Ye Jing-Jie , Song Wen , Feng Jun , Zhang Xian-Zheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost cancer vaccines are unsuccessful in eliciting clinically relevant effects. Without using exogenous antigens and adoptive cells, we show a concept of utilizing biologically reprogrammed cytomembranes of the fused cells (FCs) derived from dendritic cells (DCs) and cancer cells as tumor vaccines. The fusion of immunologically interrelated two types of cells results in strong expression of the whole tumor antigen complexes and the immunological co-stimulatory molecules on cytomembranes (FMs), allowing the nanoparticle-supported FM (NP@FM) to function like antigen presenting cells (APCs) for T cell immunoactivation. Moreover, tumor-antigen bearing NP@FM can be bio-recognized by DCs to induce DC-mediated T cell immunoactivation. The combination of these two immunoactivation pathways offers powerful antitumor immunoresponse. Through mimicking both APCs and cancer cells, this cytomembrane vaccine strategy can develop various vaccines toward multiple tumor types and provide chances for accommodating diverse functions originating from the supporters.
A novel rapamycin analog is highly selective for mTORC1 in vivo
Authors: Schreiber Katherine H. , Arriola Apelo Sebastian I. , Yu Deyang , Brinkman Jacqueline A. , Velarde Michael C. , Syed Faizan A. , Liao Chen-Yu , Baar Emma L. , Carbajal Kathryn A. , Sherman Dawn S. , Ortiz Denise , Brunauer Regina , Yang Shany E. , Tzannis Stelios T. , Kennedy Brian K. , Lamming Dudley W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRapamycin, an inhibitor of mechanistic Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1), extends lifespan and shows strong potential for the treatment of age-related diseases. However, rapamycin exerts metabolic and immunological side effects mediated by off-target inhibition of a second mTOR-containing complex, mTOR complex 2. Here, we report the identification of DL001, a FKBP12-dependent rapamycin analog 40x more selective for mTORC1 than rapamycin. DL001 inhibits mTORC1 in cell culture lines and in vivo in C57BL/6J mice, in which DL001 inhibits mTORC1 signaling without impairing glucose homeostasis and with substantially reduced or no side effects on lipid metabolism and the immune system. In cells, DL001 efficiently represses elevated mTORC1 activity and restores normal gene expression to cells lacking a functional tuberous sclerosis complex. Our results demonstrate that highly selective pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 can be achieved in vivo, and that selective inhibition of mTORC1 significantly reduces the side effects associated with conventional rapalogs.