bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan multimedia pembelajaran berbasis role playing games (RPG) pada materi lingkaran untuk siswa SMP/MTs kelas VIII
Authors: Shofa Hilyatush , Surjono Herman Dwi 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menghasilkan produk multimedia pembelajaran berbasis RPG pada materi lingkaran untuk siswa SMP/MTs Kelas VIII yang layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran, (2) mengetahui efektivitas produk tersebut dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep, dan (3) mengetahui efektivitas produk tersebut dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengacu pada langkah-langkah yang dikembangkan oleh Alessi & Trollip yang meliputi tiga tahap: perencanaan, perancangan, dan pengembangan. Pada keseluruhan tahap tersebut, evaluasi berkelanjutan dilaksanakan untuk memantau kualitas produk yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) produk multimedia pembelajaran berbasis RPG pada materi lingkaran untuk siswa SMP/MTs Kelas VIII dinyatakan layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian sangat baikyang diberikan oleh ahli materi dan ahli media, serta respon sangat positif yang diberikan oleh siswa; (2) produk tersebut efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep, berdasarkan perolehan nilai gain sebesar 0,57; dan (3) produk tersebut efektif dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa, berdasarkan peningkatan rata-rata skor skala motivasi sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan produk sebesar 1,86%.Kata kunci: multimedia pembelajaran, game, RPG, lingkaran DEVELOPING A ROLE PLAYING GAME (RPG)-BASED INSTRUCTIONAL MULTIMEDIA ON THE SUBJECT OF CIRCLE FOR GRADE 8 STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLAbstractThis research aimed to: (1) produce a RPG-based instructional multimedia on the subject of circle for grade 8students of junior high school feasible to use in learning processes, (2) identify the effectiveness of the developed product to promote conceptual understanding, and (3) identify the effectiveness of the developed product to promote learning motivation. This development study referred to the model suggested by Alessi & Trollip. The developmental design was grouped into three steps, consisting of planning, design, and development. In all of the steps, on-going evaluation was done to monitor the quality of the developed product. The research findings revealed that: (1) the RPG-based instructional multimedia on the subject of circle for grade 8students of junior high school was feasible to use in learning processes based on the very good assessment given by subject matter experts and media experts, and very positive responses given by students; (2) the developed product was effective to promote conceptual understanding based on the gain score result of 0.57; and (3) the developed product was effective to promote learning motivation based on the increase of average score of motivation scale before and after the use of the product by 1.86%.Keywords: instructional multimedia, game, RPG, circle
ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION AND STABILITY OF CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL–LOADED SILICA POLYMERS
Authors: Khanfar Mai , Al Taani Bashar , Mohammad Eman 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To prepare stable amorphous solid dispersions of candesartan cilexetil (CAN) with different types of silica, including non-porous (aerosil 200) and porous silica (sylysia 350) using the spray-drying method.
Methods: various ratios of candesartan cilexetil (CAN) were spray dried with aerosil and sylysia. Powder x-ray diffraction (x-ray) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), SEM were used to characterize the spray dried powders in addition to dissolution and stability studies.
Results: X-ray results showed that the spray–dried (CAN) in the prepared solid dispersion were in amorphous form irrespective of the used silica. In (DSC) analysis, the melting peak of spray-dried (CAN-silica) solid dispersion disappeared. Dissolution property of (CAN) was remarkably improved by formulating with silica particles. In comparing the effect of the type of the silica particles, the dissolution rate of (CAN) from the spray-dried (CAN-sylysia) was faster than that (CAN-aerosil 200) irrespective of the drug content. It was also shown that the spray-dried formulation with silica did not recrystallize when storing at severe storage conditions (40 °C, 75% RH) for three months, while spray-dried (CAN) without silica easily re-crystallized under the same conditions.
Conclusion: Spray drying of (CAN) with sylysia 350 is an efficient method to enhance the dissolution and stability of the drug.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF MATRIX TABLETS OF METOCLOPRAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors: JAYA S. , S. DIVYA 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The purpose of present study was to formulate oral sustained release matrix tablet of metoclopramide hydrochloride and to evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers on drug release.
Methods: Drug–excipients compatibility studies were carried out by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The matrix tablets were prepared by direct compression technique using Xanthan gum and ethyl cellulose alone and in combination as release retardant. Dicalcium phosphate was used as diluent. The prepared matrix tablets were evaluated for their physicochemical parameters such as weight variation, hardness, friability, content uniformity and in vitro drug release studies were performed using USP-type II (paddle) dissolution apparatus.
Results: Pre and post compression parameters were evaluated and all the parameters were found within the limit. The matrix tablets prepared with xanthan gum and combination of xanthan gum and ethyl cellulose were retarded the drug release upto 12 h. Ethyl cellulose alone could not control the drug release for 12 h. The Formulation with drug to xanthan gum (1:1.5), released 97.62 % of drug in 12 h. The kinetic treatment showed that the release of drug follows zero order kinetics (R 2=0.985). Korsmeyer and Peppas equation values of n were found to be in the range of 0.40-0.56, indicating that the drug release mechanism was diffusion.
Conclusion: Matrix tablet is the simple, efficient and economic method to sustain the release of metoclopramide to prevent extrapyramidal side effects.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO, IN VIVO EVALUATION OF PRONIOSOMAL GEL OF NEOMYCIN SULPHATE
Authors: SHETE AMOL , THORAT PRIYANKA , DOIJAD RAJENDRA , SAJANE SACHIN 
Published: March 2019

Objective: The objectives of present investigation were to prepare and evaluate proniosomes of neomycin sulphate (NS) by coacervation phase separation method by using sorbitan monostearate (span 60) and lecithin as a surfactant to increase the penetration through the skin and study the effect of concentration of the same.
Methods: Proniosomes of neomycin sulphate (NS) were prepared by coacervation phase separation method by using span 60 and lecithin. The effect of concentration of span 60 and lecithin was studied by factorial design. The prepared proniosomes were converted to gel by using carbopol as a gelling agent. The prepared formulations were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug diffusion, in vitro antibacterial activity and in vivo skin irritation test etc.
Results: All Formulation showed the percentage entrapment efficiency in the range 38.31±0.05% to 77.96±0.06%, good homogeneity and gel was easily spreadable with minimal of shear. Optimized formulation showed enhanced rate of diffusion in vitro, increase in zone of inhibition against staphylococcus aureus, no skin irritation and showed good stability.
Conclusion: The results of present study indicates that proniosomal gel formulated by using combination of span 60, Lecithin, cholesterol can be used to enhance skin delivery of NS because of excellent permeation of drug. Developed proniosomal gel formulation was promising carrier for NS
Model Dan Strategi Pengembangan Makanan Lokal Daerah (Studi Kasus Pada Kabupaten Meranti & Kabupaten Bengkalis Provinsi Riau)
Authors: Nofrizal Nofrizal 
Published: March 2019

Abstrak : Local food can be a competitive advantage to develop the region by utilizing existing natural resources. Meranti and Bengkalis regencies in Riau province have a great opportunity to develop regional competitive advantage. The purpose of this study is to develop strategies for developing competitive advantage through local food. The object of this study was all local MSMEs in Meranti and Bengkalis Regency who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis using IFAS and EFAS analysis and SWOT 8K analysis. The results of this study found several options for developing regional competitive advantage strategies, namely stabilization strategies. Abstraksi : Makan lokal daerah dapat menjadi keunggulan bersaing untuk mengembangkan daerahnya dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam yang ada. Kabupaten Meranti dan Bengkalis di provinsi Riau memiliki peluang yang besar untuk mengembangkan keunggulan bersaing daerahnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyusun strategi pengembangan keunggulan bersaing melalui makanan lokal daerah. Objek penelitian ini adalah seluruh pelaku UMKM makan lokal di Kabupaten Meranti dan Kabupaten Bengkalis yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis IFAS dan EFAS serta analisis SWOT 8K. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan beberapa pilihan strategi pengembangan keunggulan bersaing daerah yaitu strategi stabilisasi.
KOMUNIKASI OMBUDSMAN DALAM SOSIALISASI ADUAN PUBLIC SEBAGAI LEMBAGA PENGAWASAN PUBLIC DI PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Sudianto Sudianto 
Published: March 2019

Komunikasi yang dilakukan oleh lembaga Ombudsman adalah komunikasi melalui sosialisasi untuk memberikan pengawasan dengan mensosialisasikan edukasi pelayanan public yang baik, bagi lembaga pemerintah tingkat kabupaten dan kota di provinsi Riau. Dengan memberikan arahan pelayanan yang prima kepada masyarakat.. Mengajak dan membangun hubungan kerja sama guna terciptanya iklim birokrasi yang transparan. Kemudian terbangunnya pola komunikasi yang dinamis pada pelayanan public.Model komunikasi Ombudsman adalah suatu pola yang cukup menarik perhatian dalam meningkatkan koordinasi bagi tiap lembaga pemerintah. Dalam hal ini ada dua pola komunikasi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bentuk komunikasi ombudsman pada lembaga pemerintah diantaranya; penyelidikan lapangan dan pencegahan.yakni penyelidikan lapangan dengan melakukan koordinasi dengan satuan kerja pada dinas terkait ketika ada laporan dari masyarakat mengenai pelayanan yang kurang baik, kemudian dievalusi kinerja lembaga tersebut. Kemudian ada tahap pencegahan ketika terjadi pelanggaran pada dinas terkait bagaimana agar dapat dievalusai kinerjanya. Kemudian dapat melakukan klarifikasi perbaikan.Sebagai komunikator Ombudsman sebagai lembaga mitra dari pemerintah dapat memberikan koordinasi dengan melakukan sosialisasi terhadapa pelayanan yang diberikan kepada public agar lebih baik dan transparan kepada masyarakat. untuk membangun komunikasi komunikasi ombudsman. Dari hasil komunikasi Ombudsman dapat memberikan pemahaman kepada public dengan mensosialisasikan kepada khalayak atau masyakat sebagai lembaga resmi yang mampu melakukan mediasi pelayanan public yang baik pada lembaga pemerintah.
Antiretroviral Therapy and Bone Health
Authors: Yancheva N. , Temelkova N. , Strashimirov D. , Gabarska I. , Tchervenyakova T. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective: To determine the incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Bulgarian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.

Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 41 Bulgarian HIV-infected patients.

Results: Overall, 27% of patients had reduced BMD (7% osteoporosis and 20% osteopenia). There was a significant correlation between low BMD and increasing age and between low BMD and duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) but no correlation with gender, therapy regimen or serum calcium or phosphate levels. Seventy-one percent had elevated serum cystatin C levels but there was no correlation between BMD and cystatin C levels. Serum calcium, phosphate, cystatin C and creatinine levels and the T- and Z-scores were tested for dependence on duration of therapy. Dependence was found for T- and Z-scores, (p = 0.048 and p = 0.038) but not for calcium, phosphate, cystatin C or creatinine levels. These variables were subsequently tested by means of cross-tabulation tables for correlations between pairs of parameters; no significant correlation was found between any pairs (R > 0.5 for all comparisons).

Conclusions: Significant correlations were observed between low BMD and increasing age and longer duration of ART but no relationship was observed with gender or therapy regimen.
Lipid Indices, Elastin Turnover and the Development of Microvascular Complications – A Study in Diabetic Patients with Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Nikolov A. , Blazhev A. , Tzekova M. , Kostov K. , Popovski N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims: An important factor in the development of vascular wall lesions is the degradation of the elastic fiber major protein – elastin. Elastin peptides (EDP) derived from this degradation are present in the circulation and are a stimulus for the production of anti-elastin antibodies (AEAbs) IgM, IgG and IgA. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between AEAbs, lipid indices and the development of microvascular complications.

Material and Methods: Sera of 93 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension (AH) were investigated (mean age 61,4 ± 11,3 years, diabetes duration 9,88 ± 3,12 years; hypertension duration 9,28 ± 4,98). ELISA was used for determination of anti-elastin antibodies. These levels were compared to serum AEAbs in 42 age- and sex-matched controls. Diabetic patients were divided in two groups according to the presence – Group 1 (n = 67) or absence – Group 2 (n = 26) of microangiopathy. The lipid profile and lipid indices (log TG/HDL, LDL/HDL, TC/HDL and TG/HDL) were also studied.

Results: Patients with T2DM and AH showed statistically significant higher levels of serum AEAbs IgA than healthy controls – 0,338 (0,133÷0,452) vs. 0,006 (0,052÷0,068) (KW = 19,54; P < 0.0001). Group 1 showed statistically significant higher levels of AEAbs IgA than patients without microangiopathy – 0,353 (0,173÷0,471) vs. 0,235 (0,098÷0,377) (KW = 3,36; p = 0.05) and healthy controls – 0,353 (0,173÷0,471) vs. 0,006 (0,052÷0,068) (KW = 20,37; p < 0,0001) (0.37 ± 0,03 vs. 0.06÷0.01) (p = 0.0001). Patients from Group 2 showed significantly higher levels of AEAbs IgA than controls 0,235 (0,098÷0,377) vs. 0,006 (0,052÷0,068) (KW = 8,54; P = 0.003). AEAbs IgA showed correlation with insulin dose (r = −0.35); (p = 0.01), SBP (r = 0.31); (p = 0.001), HbA1c (r = 0.21); (p = 0.04), BMI (r = 0.22); (p = 0.01). AEAbs IgA correlated with log TG/HDL (r = 0.28); (p = 0.001), LDL/HDL (r = 0.22); (p = 0.01) TC/HDL (r = 0.22); (p = 0.01) and with TG/HDL (r = 0.15); (p = 0.05).

Conclusion: Our study proved a relationship between elevation of AEAb IgA, high lipid indices and the development of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.
Application of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in Patients During Prolonged Gynecological Surgery
Authors: Koritarova V. , Georgiev S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction: A lot of clinical studies have shown that during prolonged surgery protective ventilation strategy, including low tidal volume, PEEP and recruitment maneuvers (RM) can reduce the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications, which are the second most common cause for postoperative mortality. Therefore, it is important to investigate clinical methods for preventing them. The strategy of protective ventilation is easy and safe for the patients and inexpensive for application during prolonged surgery.

Aims: The objective of this trial was to study whether application of PEEP in patients during prolonged gynecological surgery could decrease the postoperative complications.

Material and Methods: We compared the rates of postoperative complications in patients after prolonged open gynecological surgery, who were divided into 2 groups – group A, which was the control group on non-protective ventilation (35 patients) and group B on protective ventilation (35 patients). The patients in the control group were ventilated with tidal volume (VT) of 8-10 ml/kg without PEEP and RM; the patients in group B were ventilated with VT = 6-8 ml/kg according to their Predicted Body Weight, with a PEEP of 6 cm H2O and RM, which consisted of applying continuous positive airway pressure of 30 cm H2O for 30 seconds. RM was performed after intubation, after every disconnection from ventilator and before extubation. The study was successfully performed without a need for a change in the type of ventilation strategy because of hypoxia or hemodynamic instability. Statistical nonparametric test (e.g. chi-square) was applied.

Results: Total rate of all postoperative complications observed in both groups was 27,1%. We found a significant relationship between application of PEEP and lower rates of postoperative pulmonary complications in group A (39,4%) compared to group B (12,1%), lower rate of respiratory failure (33,3% in group A vs. 9,1% in group B -) and atelectasis (21,2% in group A vs. 0% in group B).

Conclusion: The protective ventilation strategy (low VT, PEEP and RM) in patients during prolonged gynecological surgery can reduce the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications such as respiratory failure and atelectasis.
Physical Activity and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk: A Review
Authors: Tajabadi Z. , Akbari M. E. , Hafez A. A. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Introduction: Western lifestyle characterized by increased consumption of red meat, fat, processed food, smoking, alcohol drinking, lower consumption of vegetables and physical inactivity has been associated with a higher gastrointestinal cancer risk. Digestive system cancers are diagnosed at late stages when they show poor response to treatment and are associated with a high mortality rate. Colorectal, gastric, esophageal and pancreatic cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide. Studies show that more than 50% of gastrointestinal cancers develop as a result of inappropriate lifestyle. An inverse association between physical activity and many chronic diseases has been proved so far. However, the association between physical activity and some gastrointestinal cancers is still controversial. This study was aimed to determine the association between physical activity and gastrointestinal cancers risk.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of English and Persian databases from February 2007 till December 2017, for studies investigating the association of physical activity and risk of gastrointestinal cancers. Finally, after reading full text of articles, 123 studies were included.

Results: Physical activity can be helpful in reducing the risk of gastrointestinal cancer, especially colon and pancreatic cancers. The risk reduction is not similar for different types of gastrointestinal cancers and also among males and females.

Conclusion: Different types of physical activity are associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal cancer. However, it is unknown which type and intensity of physical activity are associated with a protective effect against gastro-intestinal cancer.
A directional measure for marginal homogeneity in square contingency tables with ordered categories
Authors: Iki Kiyotaka , Nakano Hiroshi , Tomizawa Sadao 
Published: March 2019

Summary
For square contingency tables with ordered categories, Iki, Tahata and Tomizawa (2012) considered a measure to represent the degree of departure from marginal homogeneity. However, the maximum value of this measure cannot distinguish two kinds of marginal inhomogeneity. The present paper proposes a measure which can distinguish two kinds of marginal inhomogeneity. In particular, the proposed measure is useful for representing the degree of departure from marginal homogeneity when the marginal cumulative logistic model holds.
On modeling and analyzing barley malt data in different years
Authors: Mejza Iwona , Ambroży-Deręgowska Katarzyna , Bocianowski Jan , Błażewicz Józef , Liszewski Marek , Nowosad Kamila , Zalewski Dariusz 
Published: March 2019

Summary
The main purpose of this study was the model fitting of data deriving from a three-year experiment with barley malt. Two linear models were considered: a fixed linear model with fixed effects of years and other factors, and a mixed linear model with random effects of years and fixed effects of other factors. Two cultivars of brewing barley, Sebastian and Mauritia, six methods of nitrogen fertilization and four germination times were analyzed. Three quantitative traits were observed: practical extractivity of the malt, malting productivity, and a quality coefficient Q. The starting point for the statistical analyses was the available experimental material, which consisted of barley grain samples destined for malting. The analyses were performed over a series of years with respect to fixed or random effects of years. Due to the strong differentiation of the years of the study and some significant interactions of factors with years, annual analyses were also carried out.
Ensuring Freedom of Labor in Ukraine in the Context of Labor Emigration
Authors: Inshyn Mykola , Moskalenko Olena 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to substantiating the necessity of using existing tools and means of labor law science in certain aspects of labor migration, particularly, concerning the provision of labor freedom for Ukrainian workers - labor emigrants. The integrated approach to the development of methodological foundations for such provision and the development of relevant legal provisions at various stages of realization of a person’s right to labor, as well as in part of ensuring the prohibition of compulsory labor, can qualitatively raise the level of legal regulation of labor migration through the inclusion of labor law science. In support of its argument the article provides a wide range of statistical data on Ukrainian labor emigration. It is determined that the existing problems of Ukrainian labor emigration in the context of ensuring freedom of work can be systematized at the stages of their occurrence in the following way: 1) before the emergence of labor relations with a foreign employer, that is, as long as a Ukrainian citizen is still in Ukraine and acts for the purpose of employment abroad; 2) the emergence of labor relations with a foreign employer, that is, the legal registration of such relationships; 3) the actual beginning of labor relations outside Ukraine, the course of labor relations and the presence of a Ukrainian labor emigrant in them; 4) termination of labor relations of the Ukrainian labor emigrant and return to the territory of Ukraine. The emergence of labor disputes is the optional stage.