bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of diagnostic classification algorithms using cognitive-, electrophysiological-, and neuroanatomical data in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients
Authors: Ebdrup Bjørn H. , Axelsen Martin C. , Bak Nikolaj , Fagerlund Birgitte , Oranje Bob , Raghava Jayachandra M. , Nielsen Mette Ø. , Rostrup Egill , Hansen Lars K. , Glenthøj Birte Y. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundA wealth of clinical studies have identified objective biomarkers, which separate schizophrenia patients from healthy controls on a group level, but current diagnostic systems solely include clinical symptoms. In this study, we investigate if machine learning algorithms on multimodal data can serve as a framework for clinical translation.MethodsForty-six antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients and 58 controls underwent neurocognitive tests, electrophysiology, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients underwent clinical assessments before and after 6 weeks of antipsychotic monotherapy with amisulpride. Nine configurations of different supervised machine learning algorithms were applied to first estimate the unimodal diagnostic accuracy, and next to estimate the multimodal diagnostic accuracy. Finally, we explored the predictability of symptom remission.ResultsCognitive data significantly classified patients from controls (accuracies = 60–69%;pvalues = 0.0001–0.009). Accuracies of electrophysiology, structural MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging did not exceed chance level. Multimodal analyses with cognition plus any combination of one or more of the remaining three modalities did not outperform cognition alone. None of the modalities predicted symptom remission.ConclusionsIn this multivariate and multimodal study in antipsychotic-naïve patients, only cognition significantly discriminated patients from controls, and no modality appeared to predict short-term symptom remission. Overall, these findings add to the increasing call for cognition to be included in the definition of schizophrenia. To bring about the full potential of machine learning algorithms in first-episode, antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients, carefula priorivariable selection based on independent data as well as inclusion of other modalities may be required.
Three criteria for particle acceleration in collisionless shocks
Authors: Bret Antoine , Pe'er Asaf 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCollisionless shocks have been the subject on many studies in recent years, due to their ability to accelerate particles. In order to do so, a shock must fulfill three criteria. First, it must be strong enough to accelerate particles efficiently. Second, both the upstream and the downstream must be collisionless. Third, the shock front must be surrounded by electromagnetic turbulence capable of scattering particles back and forth. We here consider the encounter of two identical plasma shells with initial density, temperature, and velocity n0, T0, v0, respectively. We translate the three criteria to the corresponding requirements on these parameters. A non-trivial map of the allowed region for particle acceleration emerges in the (n0, T0, v0) phase space, especially at low velocities or high densities. We first assess the case of pair plasma shells, before we turn to electrons/protons.
Comparing and contrasting responses to tobacco control and obesity policies: a qualitative study
Authors: Juszczyk Dorota , Gillison Fiona 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo explore people’s perceptions of, and responses to, obesity and tobacco policies with a particular focus on motivation; and to compare and contrast responses to explore the potential for translating learning across domains.DesignA theoretically informed comparative qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews with two groups of participants (smokers and ex-smokers; those who have previously or are currently attempting to lose weight). Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis and interpreted through the lens of Self-Determination Theory.SettingCommunity-based.ParticipantsInterviews were conducted with five smokers and four ex-smokers around tobacco policy, and seventeen people acting to control their weight around obesity policy.ResultsThree primary themes were identified. (i) Participants believed social norms to be crucial to supporting health behaviour change and responses to policy; not smoking was perceived as socially normal, whereas being physically active and eating healthily were perceived to go against social norms. (ii) Policies influencing the physical environment were perceived to support stopping smoking (e.g. smoke-free laws, advertising bans), but to undermine attempts to lose or control weight (e.g. high visibility, availability and low cost of energy-dense foods). (iii) While policies for both domains were considered necessary and legitimate, both groups found policy interventions neither motivating nor undermining of their sense of autonomy.ConclusionsThe results suggest those trying to lose weight respond similarly to obesity-related policy as smokers do to tobacco policy. Environmental interventions are perceived to be more helpful than appealing to people’s motivation to change for their own sake.
The value of pre-application clinical department visits in radiotherapy: a qualitative evaluation
Authors: Bridge Pete , Callender Jenny , Edgerley Jo , Gordon Cath 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe mandatory clinical radiotherapy department visit undertaken by potential applicants aims to provide understanding of the profession and therefore reduce attrition. Increasing pressure on clinical departments makes visits a logistical challenge. This additional step may also present as an unnecessary barrier to applicants. With no evidence relating to visits, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of both students and clinical educators concerning potential benefits and challenges.MethodA focus group interview method was used to gather in-depth qualitative data concerning the clinical department visit experiences from first-year undergraduate students and clinical educators.ResultsThree themes emerged from the student focus groups: the perceived purpose of the clinical visit, the visit content and the outcomes and impact arising from the visit. Clinical educator data also followed these themes in addition to ‘logistical impact’ theme.ConclusionThe clinical visit has value to applicants in affirming their decision to study radiotherapy. There is variation in expectation and content for these visits and they are logistically challenging. Nationally agreed guidelines for visit structure and content could improve visit efficiency and effectiveness. A national clinical visit form may reduce workload for educators and applicants.
Design of reconfigurable filtering ultra-wideband antenna with switchable band-notched functions
Authors: Yang Hailong , Xi Xiaoli , Wang Lili , Zhao Yuchen , Shi Xiaomin , Yuan Yanning 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA compact reconfigurable filtering ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with switchable band-notched functions is proposed. The basic structure of the proposed design is a filtering slot antenna with good band-edge selectivity using stepped impedance resonator feeding line. The reconfigurability is achieved by using two microstrip lines paralleling to the feeding line and two PIN diodes. The reconfigurable structure and bias circuit of the antenna are relatively simple and are not connected to the radiation structure, so they have little negative influence on the radiation characteristics of the antenna. Total four states could be achieved by using two PIN diodes to short the microstrip lines and ground. To verify the performance of the final design, multiple measured and simulated results in frequency and time domain are studied and analyzed. The measured results agreed very well with simulation. Compared with the traditional UWB antenna, the proposed antenna has advantages in size, filtering function in-band and out-of-band, and tunable states for multiple UWB applications.
Wideband tightly-coupled compact array of dipole antennas arranged in triangular lattice
Authors: Awasthi Abhishek Kumar , Harish A. R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a compact wideband tightly-coupled dipole antenna array has been developed. Dipole elements are placed in the triangular lattice to reduce the side lobe level in the radiation pattern of one of the planes. To obtain the initial dimensions, 1-D infinite array analysis of the proposed array is carried out. The infinite array is designed to operate in 5–14.3 GHz (96.3% impedance bandwidth) frequency band. The antenna array can be used in C and X band applications. Inter-element coupling is utilized to achieve ultra-wideband performance in the proposed array. A 2 × 8 elements finite array is designed with the feed network. An ultra-wideband parallel strip to microstrip transition is used to feed the array elements. A metallic shielding for the feed network helps in reducing the back lobes. The overall size of the array with the reflector and the feed network is 148 mm × 224 mm × 54.5 mm. To validate the proposed concept, the antenna array is fabricated and tested. Impedance bandwidth of 2.8:1 along with broadside radiation pattern throughout the band of interest is observed.
How to Detect Water in the Mantle Wedge of a Subduction Zone Using Seismic Anisotropy
Authors: Kaminski E. , Okaya D. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn approximately one fourth of worldwide subduction zones, seismic observations indicate a rotation from trench‐normal to trench‐parallel fast axis orientations in the mantle wedge. To interpret this observation we predict the evolution of crystal lattice preferred orientation in mantle wedge material as a function of the amount of water by using a model of polycrystal deformation (D‐Rex) coupled with an analytical corner flow. The resulting seismic signature is obtained from synthetic seismic wave propagation through this mantle wedge. We identify that progressive hydration produces the rotation of fast axis orientations and can generate between the two zones of trench‐parallel and trench‐normal fast axis orientations a morph zone with very small anisotropy and a related decrease in P and S wave velocities. Such a morph zone is not produced by trench‐parallel flow, hence this signature can be used to detect water in the mantle wedge.
Extreme Variability in Irminger Sea Winter Heat Loss Revealed by Ocean Observatories Initiative Mooring and the ERA5 Reanalysis
Authors: Josey S. A. , de Jong M. F. , Oltmanns M. , Moore G. K. , Weller R. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGround‐breaking measurements from the ocean observatories initiative Irminger Sea surface mooring (60°N, 39°30′W) are presented that provide the first in situ characterization of multiwinter surface heat exchange at a high latitude North Atlantic site. They reveal strong variability (December 2014 net heat loss nearly 50% greater than December 2015) due primarily to variations in frequency of intense short timescale (1–3 days) forcing. Combining the observations with the new high resolution European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis 5 (ERA5) atmospheric reanalysis, the main source of multiwinter variability is shown to be changes in the frequency of Greenland tip jets (present on 15 days in December 2014 and 3 days in December 2015) that can result in hourly mean heat loss exceeding 800 W/m2. Furthermore, a new picture for atmospheric mode influence on Irminger Sea heat loss is developed whereby strongly positive North Atlantic Oscillation conditions favor increased losses only when not outweighed by the East Atlantic Pattern.
Hidden mycota of pine needles: Molecular signatures from PCR-DGGE and Ribosomal DNA phylogenetic characterization of novel phylotypes
Authors: Jeewon Rajesh , Yeung Quin S. Y. , Wannasinghe Dhanushka N. , Rampadarath Sillma , Puchooa Daneshwar , Wang Hong-Kai , Hyde Kevin D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrevious studies for enumerating fungal communities on pine needles relied entirely on phenotypic diversity (microscopy) or identification based on DNA sequence data from those taxa recovered via cultural studies. To bypass limitations of the culturing methods and provide a more realistic diversity estimate, we employed and assessed a PCR-DGGE based method coupled with rDNA phylogenetic sequence analyses to characterize fungal taxa associated with pine needles. Fresh (living) and decayed needles from three hosts of the Pinaceae (Keteleeria fortunei, Pinus elliottii and P. massoniana) were examined. Morphological studies reveal that the most abundant species associated with decayed needles were Cladosporium cladosporioides and an unidentified Trichoderma species followed by Gliocephalotrichum sp., Gliocladium sp., Lophodermium pinastri, Paecilomyces varioti, Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus and a Phoma sp, which are commonly occurring fungi. Community genomic data from freshly collected and decayed pine needles recovered 40 operational taxonomic units, which appear to be mostly undetected members of the natural fungal consortium. Sequence analyses revealed a number of phylotypes or “species” that were not recovered using traditional morphological and cultural approaches previously used. Phylogenetic data from partial 18S rDNA sequence data reveal that most phylotypes represent potential novel phylogenetic fungal lineages with affinities to the Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Lecanoromycetes and Sordariomycetes and were not identical to previously known endophytes or saprobes. Although the major ecological roles of these phylotypes in pine needles are still enigmatic, this study provides new insights in hidden fungal diversity that mycologists are possibly ignoring given the discrepancies associated with available methods. To what extent do previously recovered identified species (either as saprobes or endophytes) from morphological or culturing studies act as pioneer decomposers or constitute an integral part of endophytic community warrants further investigation.
Extensive and deep sequencing of the Venter/HuRef genome for developing and benchmarking genome analysis tools
Authors: Zhou Bo , Arthur Joseph G. , Ho Steve S. , Pattni Reenal , Huang Yiling , Wong Wing H. , Urban Alexander E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe produced an extensive collection of deep re-sequencing datasets for the Venter/HuRef genome using the Illumina massively-parallel DNA sequencing platform. The original Venter genome sequence is a very-high quality phased assembly based on Sanger sequencing. Therefore, researchers developing novel computational tools for the analysis of human genome sequence variation for the dominant Illumina sequencing technology can test and hone their algorithms by making variant calls from these Venter/HuRef datasets and then immediately confirm the detected variants in the Sanger assembly, freeing them of the need for further experimental validation. This process also applies to implementing and benchmarking existing genome analysis pipelines. We prepared and sequenced 200 bp and 350 bp short-insert whole-genome sequencing libraries (sequenced to 100x and 40x genomic coverages respectively) as well as 2 kb, 5 kb, and 12 kb mate-pair libraries (49x, 122x, and 145x physical coverages respectively). Lastly, we produced a linked-read library (128x physical coverage) from which we also performed haplotype phasing.
Closing performance of the Thomson‐coil actuator for a 110 kV FMS
Authors: Zhou Yannan , Huang Yulong , Wen Weijie , Sun Keke , Men Bo , Zhu Jibin 
Published: December 2018

In the 500 kV hybrid high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) circuit breaker, there are five 110 kV fast mechanical switches (FMSs) in the nominal current path. When the detection system detects the failure of the hybrid circuit breaker, in order to protect the disconnectors or semiconductors, the FMSs are required to close quickly. The closing drive technology can be divided into two categories, based on the closing speed of the Thomson‐coil actuator. One is based on the conventional closing drive, the open−close operating time of which is 20.0 ms. The other type is based on the fast closing drive, which is used under fault conditions and the total time is ∼7.5 ms. A 110 kV/3 kA prototype FMS employing an interrupter with a 30 mm maximum open gap and 4 kg total moving mass has been modelled based on the equivalent circuit method. Through the simulation, the effect of discharging time sequence on open−close operation has been studied, and the general timing control design principle has been provided.
Gladiatorenärzte im antiken Rom
Authors: Moog Ferdinand 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGladiators in ancient Rome were an integral part of the Roman world and were a unique phenomenon. Their bloody fight presumably originated from the cult of the dead. Later it was a feature of the self-portrayal of many Roman noblemen, especially during the election campaigns. Eventually it became an imperial privilege. Legally, gladiators were slaves. They were trained in specially equipped schools (ludus, plural: ludi). Also, special schools existed that trained fighters to compete in the arena against wild animals. Doctors at the ludi took care of the fighters: They prepared them for the fight or treated injuries. The gladiator cemeteries of Ephesus and York clearly demonstrate typical injury patterns. The most prominent and best-known gladiator physician is – due to his eminent self-portrayal – Galenus. Even though he looked after the gladiators of his hometown Pergamon only for a brief time. From ancient inscriptions we know the names of several other physicians who took care of gladiators. Especially these largely forgotten doctors are referenced in this article.
Hafertage zur Entlastung des Stoffwechsels
Authors: Remppis Bjoern Andrew 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungHauptrisikofaktoren für Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 sind Übergewicht und
Bewegungsmangel. Diabetes Typ 2 muss medikamentös therapiert werden, kann jedoch
zusätzlich durch einen veränderten Lebensstil mit mehr Bewegung und angepasster
Ernährung sowie durch spezielle diätetische Interventionen verbessert werden.
Dazu gehören auch die Hafertage oder Haferkuren, die zur Entlastung des
Glucosestoffwechsels beitragen (
Abb.
1
).
Prävention und Behandlung von
Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen
Authors: Kleber Marcus E. 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungViele Studien haben gezeigt, dass langkettige mehrfach ungesättigte
Omega-3-Fettsäuren (ω3-PUFAs), wie z. B. Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) und
Docosahexaensäure (DHA), kardioprotektiv wirken. Man vermutet dabei einen
positiven Effekt dieser Fettsäuren auf die Eigenschaften der Zellmembran sowie
eine Funktion als Ausgangssubstrate für die Synthese antientzündlicher
Substanzen wie Prostaglandine der Serie 3 und Leukotriene der Serie 5.
Trainingstherapie in der Nephrologie
Authors: Krause Rolfdieter , Halleck Fabian , Kardasinski Michal , Wolfarth Bernd , Budde Klemens 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie chronische Niereninsuffizienz (Chronic Kidney Disease, CKD) führt über
mehrere Folge- und Begleiterkrankungen zu körperlicher Leistungsminderung, die
bis zur Dialysepflichtigkeit einen Abfall um 60–80 % betragen kann. Regelmäßige
körperliche Aktivitäten können diese Leistungsminderung aufhalten und wieder
verbessern. Dazu sind auch die Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens gut geeignet,
wie zum Beispiel Einkaufen- und Spazierengehen, Fahrradfahren oder Gartenarbeit.
Außerdem werden bekanntermaßen koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK), Herzinsuffizienz,
Hypertonie sowie Diabetes positiv beeinflusst, und es können Medikamente
eingespart werden. (Heim-)Trainingsprogramme für chronisch Nierenkranke sind
seit vielen Jahren bekannt und haben sich bewährt. In Deutschland ist ambulanter
Rehabilitationssport auch für die chronische Niereninsuffizienz anerkannt. Eine
individuell verordnete Trainingstherapie als „Rezept für Bewegung“ sollte in
allen Stadien der CKD zum Standard der nephrologischen Behandlung gehören.
Relevanz einer Supplementation mit Mikronährstoffen für die
Herzgesundheit
Authors: Wallert Maria , Lorkowski Stefan 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Deutschen supplementieren Mikronährstoffe so viel wie noch nie. Der Glaube an
die zahlreichen kolportierten gesundheitsfördernden Wirkungen ist stärker denn
je. Eine neue Metaanalyse, welche 179 randomisierte Humanstudien zusammenfassend
betrachtet hat, ergab jedoch für die meisten Multivitaminpräparate und
Antioxidanzien, mit Ausnahme von Vitamin-B-Komplexen, keine präventive Wirkung
hinsichtlich kardiovaskulärer Morbidität oder Mortalität.
Ex Vivo Evaluation of the ArtVentive EOS Occlusion Device for the Management of Biliary Leaks
Authors: Kuetting Daniel , Schild Hans Heinz , Pieper Claus Christian 
Published: December 2018

Purpose Percutaneous treatment of biliary leaks is frequently required, yet technically challenging and limited to smaller fistulas. This study sought to evaluate the off-the-shelf use of the ArtVentive EOS device for the occlusion of biliary or cystic stump leaks.
Materials and Methods ePTFE-covered ArtVentive EOS devices were used to perform biliary leak embolization in 5 explanted porcine livers and in 3 explanted bovine livers. After establishing standard percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage access, artificially created biliary leaks were occluded using 5 & 8 mm EOS devices. Using the 5 mm device, peripheral (n = 3), central (n = 1) and cystic duct leaks (n = 1) were occluded. Using the 8 mm device, peripheral (n = 1), central (n = 1), main (n = 1) and cystic duct leaks (n = 2) were occluded. Total leak occlusion was controlled by cholangiography.
Results Selective deployment and occlusion of central biliary leaks (3/3) and cystic stump leaks (3/3) was successful in all cases. Peripheral leaks could not be selectively catheterized in 3 out of 4 cases, making device deployment several millimeters proximal to the leaks necessary.
Conclusion Selective occlusion of the cystic stump, central biliary, and larger peripheral biliary leaks using the EOS device is technically feasible ex-vivo in a single setting.
Key points
Citation Format
Hijama – die Schröpftherapie in der altorientalischen Medizin
Authors: Adam Mohamad 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDie „Unani-Medizin“ entwickelte sich aus dem pharaonischen und dem altpersischen Wissensschatz über die antike Medizin Griechenlands bis hin zu dem islamisch geprägten Orient parallel zur Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin und Ayurveda-Medizin. Einer der Bestandteile der Unani-Medizin ist die Schröpftherapie. Sie hat sich über Jahrhunderte hinweg etabliert. Da sie invasiv ist, sprechen sich viele Kritiker gegen sie aus. Jedoch ist auch die ursprüngliche Indikationsstellung in Vergessenheit geraten.
Ernährungsempfehlungen bei chronischer
Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Stange Rainer 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungEine den CKD-Krankheitsstadien (CKD: chronic kidney disease, chronische
Niereninsuffizienz) angepasste Ernährung kann das dialysefreie Intervall und die
Lebensqualität günstig beeinflussen. Da der Ruheenergieumsatz der Nieren circa 7
% beträgt, sollte die Proteinzufuhr zwischen 6 und 8 g/d kg KG betragen. Ein
prognostisch ungünstiger Faktor sind auch die Störungen im Säure-Basen-Haushalt,
die zum Beispiel durch Gabe von basischen Salzen ausgeglichen werden sollten.
Eine Kochsalzzufuhr von weniger als 5,5 g/d kann den Blutdruck und die
Osteoporose günstig beeinflussen. Auf die Progression können sich auch
L-Arginin, Omega-3-Fettsäuren und Folsäure auswirken. Regelmäßige
Ernährungsberatungen und Kontrollen sind empfehlenswert.