bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection, Linkage, and Population Structure Interact To Shape Genetic Variation Among Threespine Stickleback Genomes
Authors: Nelson Thomas C , Crandall Johnathan G , Ituarte Catherine M , Catchen Julian M , Cresko William A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGenome-wide patterns of heterogeneous genetic diversity are now well documented across organisms. How these patterns arise is, however, still not clear. Nelson et al. combine population genomics and genetic mapping of threespine...The outcome of selection on genetic variation depends on the geographic organization of individuals and populations as well as the organization of loci within the genome. Spatially variable selection between marine and freshwater habitats has had a significant and heterogeneous impact on patterns of genetic variation across the genome of threespine stickleback fish. When marine stickleback invade freshwater habitats, more than a quarter of the genome can respond to divergent selection, even in as little as 50 years. This process largely uses standing genetic variation that can be found ubiquitously at low frequency in marine populations, can be millions of years old, and is likely maintained by significant bidirectional gene flow. Here, we combine population genomic data of marine and freshwater stickleback from Cook Inlet, Alaska, with genetic maps of stickleback fish derived from those same populations to examine how linkage to loci under selection affects genetic variation across the stickleback genome. Divergent selection has had opposing effects on linked genetic variation on chromosomes from marine and freshwater stickleback populations: near loci under selection, marine chromosomes are depauperate of variation, while these same regions among freshwater genomes are the most genetically diverse. Forward genetic simulations recapitulate this pattern when different selective environments also differ in population structure. Lastly, dense genetic maps demonstrate that the interaction between selection and population structure may impact large stretches of the stickleback genome. These findings advance our understanding of how the structuring of populations across geography influences the outcomes of selection, and how the recombination landscape broadens the genomic reach of selection.
Sit4 and PP2A Dephosphorylate Nitrogen Catabolite Repression-Sensitive Gln3 When TorC1 Is Up- as Well as Downregulated
Authors: Tate Jennifer J , Tolley Elizabeth A , Cooper Terrance G 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae lives in boom and bust nutritional environments. Sophisticated regulatory systems have evolved to rapidly cope with these changes while preserving intracellular homeostasis. Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TorC1), is a serine/threonine kinase complex and a principle nitrogen-responsive regulator. TorC1 is activated by excess nitrogen and downregulated by limiting nitrogen. Two of TorC1’s many downstream targets are Gln3 and Gat1—GATA-family transcription activators—whose localization and function are Nitrogen Catabolite Repression- (NCR-) sensitive. In nitrogen replete environments, TorC1 is activated, thereby inhibiting the PTap42-Sit4 and PTap42-PP2A (Pph21/Pph22-Tpd3, Pph21,22-Rts1/Cdc55) phosphatase complexes. Gln3 is phosphorylated, sequestered in the cytoplasm and NCR-sensitive transcription repressed. In nitrogen-limiting conditions, TorC1 is downregulated and PTap42-Sit4 and PTap42-PP2A are active. They dephosphorylate Gln3, which dissociates from Ure2, relocates to the nucleus, and activates transcription. A paradoxical observation, however, led us to suspect that Gln3 control was more complex than appreciated, i.e., Sit4 dephosphorylates Gln3 more in excess than in limiting nitrogen conditions. This paradox motivated us to reinvestigate the roles of these phosphatases in Gln3 regulation. We discovered that: (i) Sit4 and PP2A actively function both in conditions where TorC1 is activated as well as down-regulated; (ii) nuclear Gln3 is more highly phosphorylated than when it is sequestered in the cytoplasm; (iii) in nitrogen-replete conditions, Gln3 relocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is dephosphorylated by Sit4 and PP2A; and (iv) in nitrogen excess and limiting conditions, Sit4, PP2A, and Ure2 are all required to maintain cytoplasmic Gln3 in its dephosphorylated form.
Die MiFID II-Regulierung von Datenbereitstellungsdiensten in Deutschland
Authors: Sajnovits Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Die Finanzkrise hat nach Überzeugung des Europäischen Gesetzgebers erhebliche Transparenzdefizite der Finanzmärkte zutage treten lassen. Die Steigerung der Transparenz auf den Finanzmärkten ist daher eines der tragenden Prinzipien bei der Stärkung des Finanzsystems durch das MiFID II/MiFIR-Regulierungspaket. Im Fokus der Transparenzstärkung stehen dabei nicht nur sog. dark trades, die nicht in die Vorhandelstransparenz des MIFID I-Regimes einbezogen waren. Defizite wurden vielmehr auch bei der Datenqualität und der Art und Weise der Zugänglichmachung von Daten identifiziert. Mit den Datenbereitstellungsdiensten tritt ein neuer regulierter Marktteilnehmer neben Marktbetreiber und Wertpapierfirmen, der wesentlich dabei helfen soll, Transparenzdefizite künftig einzudämmen und damit eine effizientere Preisbildung zu befördern.
Zur Schätzung von Betafaktoren bei dünnem Aktienhandel
Authors: Knoll Leonhard , Kruschwitz Lutz , Lorenz Daniela 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Werden börsennotierte Unternehmen auf der Basis des CAPM bewertet, ist der Betafaktor ein wesentlicher Parameter des Diskontierungszinses. Bei Nebenwerten wird dabei die Verwendung des eigenen Betas oft mit dem Verweis auf eine zu geringe Liquidität der Aktien abgelehnt. Der Beitrag untersucht, inwieweit dies aus theoretischer und ökonometrischer Sicht begründet ist, und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass ein Verwerfen des eigenen Betas regelmäßig nicht zu rechtfertigen ist.
Cabeça a prêmio: tráfico, elite, Estado e violência no Brasil contemporâneo
Authors: Lesquives Juliana Oliveira 
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar de que modo se configura a representação da violência no romance Cabeça a prêmio (2003), escrito por Marçal Aquino, atentando para as escolhas feitas pelo autor, ao investir na construção de uma narrativa literária sobre o tráfico de drogas, e as implicações dessa escolha para o fazer literário contemporâneo, levando em conta as reversões propostas pela narrativa no que se refere ao tratamento dado ao tema da violência. *** Cabeça a prêmio: trafficking, elite, State and violence in contemporary Brazil ***The objective of this work is to analyze how the representation of violence is configured in the novel Cabeça a prêmio (2003), written by Marçal Aquino, paying attention to the choices made by the author when investing in the construction of a literary narrative about the traffic of drugs and the implications of this choice for the contemporary literature, taking into account the reversals proposed by the narrative regarding the treatment given to the theme of violence.Keywords: Contemporary Brazilian literature; Drug trafficking; Violence.
Palbociclib with Letrozole in Postmenopausal Women with ER+/HER2− Advanced Breast Cancer: Hematologic Safety Analysis of the Randomized PALOMA-2 Trial
Authors: Diéras Véronique , Harbeck Nadia , Joy Anil Abraham , Gelmon Karen , Ettl Johannes , Verma Sunil , Lu Dongrui R. , Gauthier Eric , Schnell Patrick , Mori Ave , Rugo Hope S. , Finn Richard S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPALOMA-2 confirmed that first-line palbociclib + letrozole improved progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.72) in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC). This analysis evaluated palbociclib-associated hematologic adverse events (AEs) and provides insight on managing these AEs.Materials and MethodsPostmenopausal women with ER+/HER2− ABC were randomly assigned 2:1 to letrozole (2.5 mg daily continuously) plus oral palbociclib (125 mg daily; 3 weeks on/1 week off) or placebo. Safety assessments were performed at baseline, days 1 and 15 (first two cycles) and day 1 of subsequent cycles, and included white blood cell, platelet, and absolute neutrophil count (ANC).ResultsPALOMA-2 randomized 666 women to palbociclib + letrozole (n = 444) or placebo + letrozole (n = 222). Neutropenia was the most common AE (95.3%) with palbociclib (grade 3, 55.6%; grade 4, 11.5%) and was managed by dose modifications; progression-free survival was similar between patients who experienced grade ≥ 3 neutropenia versus those who did not. Median (range) time to onset of neutropenia with palbociclib + letrozole was 15 (12–700) days (grade ≥ 3, 28.0 [12–54] days); median duration of each neutropenia episode grade ≥ 3 was 7.0 days. Asian ethnicity and low baseline ANC were associated with increased risk of grade 3/4 neutropenia with palbociclib (p &lt; .001).ConclusionPalbociclib + letrozole was generally well tolerated. Neutropenia, the most frequently reported AE in women with ER+/HER2− ABC, was mostly transient and manageable by dose modifications in patients who experienced grade ≥ 3 neutropenia, without appearing to compromise efficacy. (Pfizer; NCT01740427)Implications for PracticePalbociclib demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in PALOMA-2 in women with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer (ABC) receiving first-line palbociclib + letrozole. Although hematologic adverse events (AEs) are typically expected with anticancer therapies and are often clinically significant, palbociclib-related hematologic AEs, particularly neutropenia (most frequent AE), were transient/manageable by dose reduction, interruption, or cycle delay, which is in contrast to the more profound neutropenia associated with chemotherapy. Palbociclib dose adjustments decreased hematologic AE severity without appearing to compromise efficacy, supporting palbociclib + letrozole as a first-line treatment for ER+/HER2− ABC.
Stanley Cavell, with Time
Authors: Friedlander Eli 
Published: June 2019

Let me start by saying how significant it is for me to take part in this conference commemorating and celebrating Stanley Cavell. I am grateful to Cathleen Cavell and Richard Moran for this opportunity, not only to speak, but mainly to listen to dear friends, friends whose companionship was indelibly marked by our common love for Stanley, by the admiration for his thinking, and by the inspiration and sustenance he provided for our own work.
What I will say will be inflected by the way Stanley touched my life and work. I must apologize therefore for having to speak, in the short and precious time I have, also a bit about myself. As I wrote these remarks I thought that I will most likely not be the only one to choose to speak of the ideal, the paradigm of the unity of person and thought that is Stanley Cavell. It is what was so striking to me when I first encountered him; it also became central to my dissertation project with him, and it remains to this day that through which I think of his continuous presence in my concerns with philosophy.
Sistema digital de sondeo de audiencia en tiempo real para la televisión digital terrestre con estándar ISDB-Tb
Authors: Pabon Ortega Diego Alejandro , Acosta Buenaño Freddy Roberto , Olmedo Cifuentes Gonzalo Fernando 
Published: June 2019

En el presente trabajo se desarrolla un sistema de sondeo digital que sirve para censar, remotamente en tiempo real, el comportamiento de sintonía de determinados televidentes, que son parte de una muestra, con el objetivo de obtener principalmente el índice de audiencia o rating. En adición el sistema presenta la opción de valoración de preferencia por parte del usuario hacia determinada programación en un determinado instante, mediante una interfaz intuitiva de una manera anónima y voluntaria. El sistema consta de dos entornos principalmente; el primero es la aplicación interactiva basada en el middleware Ginga NCL-Lua, presentada al espectador mediante la pantalla del televisor, la cual integra la encuesta demográfica inicial en conjunto con el algoritmo de detección automática de canal sintonizado y la interfaz del botón de preferencia. El segundo entorno comprende a la base de datos alojada en un servidor remoto, donde se gestionan y se presentan los datos que provienen de todos los receptores encuestados, de una manera gráfica. El intercambio de la información entre la aplicación en cada receptor censado y el servidor que aloja la base de datos está sustentado por el canal de retorno vía internet, que permite una comunicación bidireccional en un modelo cliente-servidor. Este sistema constituye una herramienta muy útil en función de obtener datos estadísticos de la audiencia de forma rápida, y con un índice de penetración mayor a los sistemas convencionales de sondeo, esto debido al uso de la misma infraestructura del sistema de televisión, lo que evita la necesidad de implementar hardware adicional de encuesta.
WAKTU HENTI CHLORAMPHENICOL PADA LOBSTER (Cherax quadricarinatus) AIR TAWAR
Authors: Jannah Miftahul , Suprapto Hari , Kusnoto Kusnoto 
Published: June 2019

Permintaan yang tinggi oleh konsumen terhadap produk perikanan terutama lobster (Cherax quadricarinatus) air tawar dari tahun ketahun memacu perkembangan industri budidaya lobster yang sangat pesat. Namun dalam proses budidaya tersebut banyak sekali kendala yang muncul. Salah satu kendala yang umum dihadapi dalam budidaya ikan adalah adanya serangan penyakit yang dise- babkan oleh bakteri. Beberapa strategi pencegahan penyakit yang telah diaplikasikan dalam budida- ya lobster, salah satunya menggunakan antibiotik. Salah satu antibiotik yang sering digunakan pembu- didaya adalah Chloramphenicol. Pada Lobster, penggunaan Chloramphenicol dengan dosis tinggi akan menyebabkan resistensi terhadap bakteri patogen. Pelaksanaan penelitian di Laboratorium Pendidikan Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ke- lautan, Universitas Airlangga dan Balai Karantina Ikan Pengendalian Mutu dan Keamana Hasil Peri- kanan Kelas I Surabaya II. Penelitian ini berlangsung pada bulan November 2013 sampai bulan Ja- nuari 2014. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui lama waktu henti obat yang diperlukanagar residu antibiotik Chloramphenicol yang terdapat pada Lobster (Cherax quadricarinatus) air tawar me- nurun hingga batas aman untuk dikonsumsi. Lobster yang diberi pakan dengan campuran chlo- ramphenicol dengan dosis 2g/kg pakan terdeteksi residu Chloramphenicol tertinggi sebanyak 31,962 ppb pada minggu pertama dan terjadi penurunan residu menjadi 3.53 ppb selama delapan minggu.
Hubungan antara Obesitas dengan Penurunan Fungsi Faal Paru pada Polisi Wanita di Polda Jawa Timur
Authors: Hardono Christina , Margono Benjamin Palgunadi 
Published: June 2019

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in Indonesia, and there is evidence that obesity, in particular abdominal obesity as a marker of insulin resistance, is negatively associated with pulmonary function. The mechanism for this association and the best marker of abdominal adiposity in relation to pulmonary function is not known. Study objectives: We assessed the association between pulmonary function (ie, FEV1 and FVC) [with maneuvers performed in the sitting position] with adiposity markers (ie, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), as markers of adiposity and body fat distribution in Policewomen in East Java Police Departement. We used paired student t test to analyze the association of pulmonary function and abdominal adiposity markers. Design: Observational cross sectional analytic study. Setting and participants: A random sample of policewomen (n = 120) from the general population East Java Police Departement, 20 to 45 years of age, who fulfill inclusion criterion of this study. Results: The measures of adiposity (ie. Waist circumference and BMI) were not significantly related to %FEV1 and %FVC after analyzed with correlation Pearson and Spearman test (p > 0.05). Conclusion: BMI categories and waist circumference (WC) were not associated with FEV1 percent predicted and FVC percent predicted, may be the physical activity twice a week can maintain health status.
TB MDR Primer dengan Limfadenitis TB pada Wanita SLE
Authors: Sari Ika Yunita , Kusmiati Tutik 
Published: June 2019

Background: Primary resistance is the resistance that occurs in patients who have never received treatment OAT or had ever received treatment OAT is less than 1 month. The incidence of primary MDR in Central Java in 2006 2.07%. Extrapulmonary TB about 15-20% of all cases of TB, and TB lymphadenitis is the highest form (35% of all extrapulmonary TB). Patients with decreased immune systems (SLE) can increase the incidence of TB. Research in Spain get 6x higher TB incidence in patients with SLE. Case: We present the case of 19 year old woman SLE who received treatment for 11 months whose came with shortness of breath and chronic cough since 2 month prior to admission. In physical examination we found right and left submandibula lymphonodi enlargement as solid, slightly mobile nodule with diameter 3 cm. Chest X ray showed lung inflammation which suspicion of specific process and minimal left pleural effusion, and concluded as pulmonary TB. FNAB confirmed lymphadenitis TB with granulomatous inflammation. One of AFB result is positive and Gene Xpert is MTB positive with rifampicin resistant that make this patient categorized as primary MDR TB with lymphadenitis TB. This patient received Pirazinamid 1500 mg, Ethambutol 800 mg, Kanamicin 750 mg, Levofloxacin 750 mg, Ethionamide 500 mg, Cicloserin 500 mg, and B6 100 mg. Conclusion: MDR TB in general occur in patients with a history of OAT previous TB (MDR TB secondary). Primary MDR TB with lymphadenitis tb is a rare case, but can occur on the condition that decreases the immune system, one of SLE. This involves multiple immune disorders caused by the use of long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
Seorang Penderita Siliko Tuberkulosis dengan Penyulit Pneumotoraks
Authors: Koesoemoprodjo Winariani , Merinda Vinodini 
Published: June 2019

Background: Silicosis is a lung disease caused by the work because of respirable crystalline silica. Often occurs in workers mining gold, iron, tin, granite, sandstone, slate, foundries, cement, ceramics and glass. The risk of silicosis develop into lung tuberculosis (TB) is higher than patients without silicosis. Another complication of silicosis is secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Case : A man, 45 years old with a history of work as a bricklayer for 5 years with complaints shortness of breath since three days before admitted to the hospital, chest pain in the right hemithorax, and had chronic cough. Patients is on ATD therapy. From radiographic there is collapse lung, it was shown collapse line on the right hemithorax, and fibroinfiltrat with multiple cavities on both hemithorax. Patients then got chest tube insertion and evaluation for 3 weeks, but the lung has not expanded. From thoracoscopy, there is fibrotic band on the pleural space with conclution right trapped lung. From forcep biopsy on visceral pleura showed a widened alveolar epithelial layer coated with a pile of inflammatory lymphocytes and dust pigments. From broncoscopy, there is chronic lung inflamation. Spectrophotometric analysis from BAL specimens results showed a silica content of 4.25 ppm SiO2 from left BAL an 14.34 ppm SiO2 on the right BAL. Furthurmore, this patient got pleurodesis using betadine agent and continue the ATD. Evaluation the lung is fully expanded. Conclusion : This case illustrates the secondary spontaneous pneumothorax as a complication of silicotuberkulosis. No drug has proven effective for silicosis. Treatment is aimed to the disease complications that occur, in this case is secondary spontaneous pneumothorax and lung TB. Prevention at workplaces that have a risk of silicosis is very important.
Avaliação da sexualidade em paciente adulta com hiperplasia adrenal congênita forma clássica não-perdedora de sal: relato de caso
Authors: Amaral Ana Alice Silva , Lopes Elisa Santos , Bruno Zenilda Vieira , Britto Débora Fernandes 
Published: June 2019

A hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) é uma doença autossômica recessiva, que pode levar a alterações hormonais desde o início do desenvolvimento endocrinológico. As pacientes femininas com HAC com ambiguidade genital foram submetidas a um processo de virilização da genitália externa devido aos altos níveis de androgênios circulantes durante o desenvolvimento embrionário. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com HAC e genitália ambígua submetida a cirurgias de correção genital e estudamos a sua sexualidade por meio da anamnese e do uso de um instrumento para avaliar a função sexual feminina em toda sua complexidade, o Índice de Função Sexual Feminina (Female Sexual Function Index - FSFI). Foi encontrado uma disfunção sexual importante e comparamos os dados obtidos com a literatura, obtendo notórias confirmações da importância do suporte psicológico, familiar e social para a saúde sexual da paciente com HAC, além do tratamento cirúrgico e hormonal.
Espiritualidade e Violência Doméstica no Brasil
Authors: Butterfield Robert 
Published: June 2019

Comecemos com uma definição: «Espiritualidade» significa se viver consciente e intencionalmente em diálogo com Deus. Para pessoas muito ocupadas ou estressadas, tal maneira de viver poderia parecer um luxo fora de seu alcance. Mas sendo todos os humanos feitos à imagem e semelhança de Deus, nenhuma ação nossa poderia ser mais natural ou mais terapêutica do que falar com Deus. De fato, voltarmos a falar com Deus já constitui arrependimento e tem o efeito de descargar o fardo de pesar, culpa, rencor, preconceito e sofrimento que estamos carregando, e de renovar nosso relacionamento com Deus.
MALE AND FEMALE STUDENT’S LINGUISTIC POLITENESS IN SPEAKING CLASSROOM
Authors: Nurjanah Oktanika Wahyu 
Published: June 2019

<p>Communicative competence emphasizes that the knowledge of grammatical rules is not sufficient to communicate comprehensively, therefore it needs pragmatic knowledge. Without pragmatic understanding, there will be many failures in communication for example is misunderstanding. Besides, one important aspect of pragmatic competence is politeness. Many researches have been conducted in this field, however only few that specifically revealed the differences between male and female linguistic politeness in speaking classroom, whereas its primary data are utterances. It becomes a consideration of this research to be conducted in the speaking classroom of university student, especially international relations major students. The observation is conducted based on the adaptation from DCT by Bacha, Bahous &amp; Diab (2012). Furthermore, the data are analyzed using some politeness theories. The result showed that in general, female students are more polite compared to male students. At last, teachers should understand this fact by do not expecting male students to be as polite as female, basically they are unique their way.</p><p> </p><p> </p><center><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a></center><p> </p>