bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of low birth weight in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality of the Eastern region of Ghana
Authors: Larbi Paul , Dedu Vincent K. , Okyere Gabriel A. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Low birth weight refers to new borns weighting less than 2.5 kg at birth. In November 2017, the WHO reported a global prevalence of 15.5% with 96.5% of these cases happening in developing countries. Whilst this is a global canker, the risk factors differ from locality to locality. This study aims at determining which maternal factors explains low birth weight baby delivery in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality.Methods: The chi-square test for independence was used to test for independence. The binary logistic model is fitted for the associated factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) is used to classify unbiased estimators.Results: ANC (yes β= -2.769 sig.=0.000); Alcohol (none β=-1.479 sig.=0.000, occasionally β= −2.043 sig.=0.000); Age (<20years β=0.178 sig. =0.676, 20 to 25years β= -1.487 sig.=0.000, 26 to 30 β= -0.941 sig.=0.086); Education level (None β=2.778 sig. =0.000, primary β=3.090 sig.=0.000, JHS β=1.913 sig.=0.002, SHS/Secondary β=1.951 sig.=0.000); Exposure to Heat (Yes β=4.507 sig.=0.000). AUC education=0.67, 95% CI=0.6,0.7 and AUC Exposure to heat=0.73, 95% CI=0.68,0.77 of low birth weight.Conclusions: Social status was not significant factor. Mothers exposed to heat had the highest risk (odds=90 times). Adolescent mothers stand high risk with odds 1.195. Mothers who attended antenatal clinics were at 94% less likelihood. Mild drinkers had lesser risk compared to no and heavy drinkers. Mothers with primary education (odds=21 times) were the riskiest compared to mothers with tertiary education. This differs from researches where no education mothers were riskiest. Only mother’s exposure to heat was found to be fairly good unbiased estimators.
A demographic profile of patients seeking MTP for gross congenital malformations in a tertiary referral hospital in North India
Authors: Jain Shaveta , Rani Vandana , Sangwan Roopa , Jain Nitin 
Published: October 2018

Background: The objective of the study was to study the sociodemographic, obstetrics profile and folic acid intake in women seeking medical termination of pregnancy for gross congenital malformed fetus (GCMF)and to study pattern of GCMF.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among women who underwent medical termination of pregnancy for congenital malformation in fetus in tertiary referral hospital of north India. The details regarding their sociodemographic profile, previous obstetrics history, pattern of GCMF, history of folic acid intake and method of termination were taken.Results: 61% of women seeking medical termination of pregnancy for GCMF were of age group 20-25 years. 75 women were from rural area which is 83.3 % in present study. Only 13.3 % of women in present study were illiterate. Most of the women 66.6 % belongs to middle class of society in present study. 40 % women seeking medical termination of pregnancy for congenital anomaly were primigravida. 96.6 % of patient’s congenital anomaly was detected in second trimester. 74.4 % of patient had central nervous system (CNS) congenital anomaly, most common was anencephaly in 34 patients followed by meningocele/myelomeningoceles in 9 fetuses. Only 27 % women had history of folic acid intake and 55 patients were given mifepristone 200 mg with 400 mcg misoprostol while 32 patients who had previous history of cesarean section were given lower doses.Conclusions: Anencephaly was the most common congenital anomaly detected. The high reporting of anencephaly suggests the need for a fortification of folic acid in food. Dismal rate of cardiac malformation suggests there is need of inclusion of cardiac echo in level II anomaly scan. Prolonged induction to abortion time in present study shows need of further studies for simultaneous or 24-hour regimen of mifepristone and misoprostol and higher doses of misoprostol.
The effect of placenta previa on fetal weight and feto-maternal blood flow: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ali Mohammed K. , Mahfouz Islam S. , Abbas Ahmed M. , Sayed Ezzat H. 
Published: October 2018

Background: The current study aims to evaluate the effect of placenta previa on the fetal weight and to explore its effect on the uterine and umbilical arteries blood flow.Methods: The current study was a prospective cohort study conducted at Assiut Women’s Health Hospital, Egypt from 1st of October 2016 to 30th of September 2017 including placenta previa and non-placenta previa women. They were followed up by two-dimensional ultrasound and Doppler blood flow in the uterine and umbilical arteries. The main study outcome was the number of low birth weight (LBW) babies delivered at or beyond 37 weeks and blood flow changes in uterine and umbilical arteries.Results: Two hundred twelve women were divided into two groups; group I included 106 placenta previa women (PP group) and 106 non-placenta previa women (NPP group). The number of LBW babies were comparable in both groups without statistically significant difference (P value= 0.555). Neither; uterine artery nor umbilical artery blood flow had any significant differences between the groups. Preterm delivery was significantly higher in the PP group (p value=0.000).Conclusions: Although there is no agreement, in the literature, on the association between placenta previa and LBW, authors suggest that placenta previa is not a reason for LBW babies. In addition, placenta previa shows no effect on uterine artery or umbilical artery blood flow.
Preterm premature rupture of membranes: maternal and perinatal outcome
Authors: Khade Shweta Avinash , Bava Amarjeet Kaur 
Published: October 2018

Background: This is an observational analytical study carried out in department of obstetrics and Gynecology, in a tertiary care center to determine the factors influencing fetal and maternal outcome, prognosis and complications in preterm premature rupture of membrane cases.Methods: The present study is a prospective observational study of perinatal and maternal outcome in 100 cases of preterm premature rupture of membranes in between 2837 weeks gestation with singleton pregnancy, from 1st March 2013 to 28th February 2014. Patients with medical complications like anemia, preexisting hypertension, diabetes, vascular or renal disease, multiple gestations, uterine or fetal anomalies etc. are excluded from the study. Detailed history, physical examinations were carried out and appropriate management instituted as per individual patients need.Results: In this study maternal morbidity was 16%. Perinatal morbidity was 33% and most common causes were hyperbilirubinemia (23%), RDS (21%). Perinatal mortality was seen in 15% and mainly due to RDS (53%). Twenty-five (25%) neonates were delivered by cesarean. The main indications for cesarean being malpresentation (36%) followed by fetal distress (24%).Conclusions: PPROM is one of the important causes of preterm birth that can result in high perinatal morbidity and mortality along with maternal morbidity. Looking after a premature infant puts immense burden on the family, economy and health care resources of the country. An understanding of gestational age dependent neonatal morbidity and mortality is important in determining the potential benefits of conservative management of preterm PROM at any gestation.
A retrospective analysis of maternal deaths over a period of five years at a tertiary care hospital of central India
Authors: Yadav Kalpana , Rajput Neelu , Tiwari Arti , Yadav Gunjan 
Published: October 2018

Background: Maternal mortality is one of the important indicators used for the measurement of maternal health. The present study was conducted to analyse the maternal deaths over a period of five years in a tertiary care centre, GMH Rewa, Madhya Pradesh.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shyam Shah Medical College and associated Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa. The case records of all maternal deaths between January 3013 to December 2017 were collected from hospital medical records and studied. Data were analyzed statistically.Results: There were 214 maternal deaths from January 3013 to December 2017.The average maternal mortality ratio over a period of five years was 471.5 per one lac live births. Majority of maternal deaths were from toxaemia 33.2%, haemorrhage 26.2%, anaemia 16.3% and sepsis 12.6%.Conclusions: The present study highlights the importance of early antenatal registration of all pregnancies and regular follow up of cases by trained staff. Active management of high-risk groups by frequent antenatal visits, fluid and component transfusions, aggressive management of infection and closer monitoring of women in labor. Higher fertility and unwanted pregnancies should be reduced through family welfare services and easy availability of Medical termination of pregnancy services to be ensured. Analysis of every maternal death through maternal death audit should be carried out.
A clinical study on maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy with oligohydromnios
Authors: Gupta Chetan Prakash , Choudhary Jaya , Chahar Deepika , Yadav Sapna Kumari 
Published: October 2018

Background: Oligohydramnios is associated with various maternal and fetal complication. It’s correlated fetal complications like FGR, increased risk of meconium aspiration syndrome, Birth asphyxia, low APGAR scores and increased congenital abnormalities in fetus. It’s also associated with maternal morbidities in view of operative interventions for delivery. To study effect of oligohydramnios in mother in form of, operative delivery and progress of labour. To study effect of oligohydramnios in fetus in form of fetal compromise i.e. FGR, fetal distress, altered APGAR score, need for NICU admission. congenital anomaly and perinatal death.Methods: 50 patients with ≥ 28 weeks POG with oligohydramnios, confirmed by ultrasonographic measurement of AFI using four quadrant technique; were selected randomly after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Incidence of oligohydramnios were more found in primigravida (56%) in present study. Most common cause of oligohydramnios was idiopathic (62%) followed by PIH (20%). Most common cause of caesarean was fetal distress (23%) either due to cord compression or FGR. oligohydramnios was related to higher rate of Fetal Growth restriction and NICU admission (24%).Conclusions: Oligohydramnios is very common encounter during pregnancy, Because of its frequent occurrence; it demands intensive fetal monitoring and systemic approach to antepartum and intrapartum fetal surveillance. There is increased risk of intrapartum complication, perinatal morbidity, perinatal mortality; thus, the rate of caesarean increasing day by day.one should always know the fine line between vaginal delivery and caesarean section; move ahead with best option without hampering fetal wellbeing and avoid unnecessary operative morbidity.
Study of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in early (grade I) essential hypertensive patients
Authors: Gawali Sangeeta , Suryavanshi Garima , Badkur Manish , Suryawanshi Gaurav 
Published: October 2018

Background: Essential hypertension is one of the most common world’s health diseases. It frequently affects central nervous system (CNS) by producing micro-infarctions which results into altered evoked potentials. Previous studies have shown correlation between hypertension and brain stem auditory evoked potentials. But very scarce data is available on all the parameters of BAEP and essential hypertension especially “amplitude ratio” which distinguishes between central and peripheral impairment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) as early marker of cognitive damage in essential hypertension.Methods: BAEPs were recorded in 50 hypertensive subjects and in 50 normotensive controls. Absolute peak latencies, interpeak latencies of different waves and amplitude ratio were compared in both the groups by using unpaired student’s T test.Results: Significant changes in absolute latencies of wave I and V, Interpeak latency I-III, III-V and I-V and amplitude ratio V/I was observed in hypertensive group as compared to control group.Conclusions: Findings of the current study suggests that hypertension does affect the neuronal excitation in the auditory pathways, thereby suggesting that BAEP may provide the early evidence for the presence of CNS dysfunction in the patients of essential hypertension.
Fibro-osseous lesions of the paranasal sinuses and the skull base
Authors: Alturaiki Sajedh M. , Almomen Ali , Al Azzeh Ghaleb , Al Khatib Abdulrahman , Alshaikh Nada 
Published: October 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Osteomas, ossifying fibromas, and fibrous dysplasia comprise a set of benign neoplasms known as fibro-osseous lesions (FO), which can arise in the paranasal sinuses. The vast majority of benign FO lesions (BFOL) are incidental findings on radiographs. They tend to be slow-growing tumors, and are infrequently symptomatic. The management strategy can vary significantly for theses lesions. This can range from serial, observations to aggressive surgical resection, based on symptomatology, size, and location of the lesion.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Retrospective analysis of all the data of different symptomatic FO of the paranasal sinuses and the skull base was performed at King Fahad specialist hospital, Dammam, KSA (2006 to 2017). </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 21 patients were identified; 10 (46.7%) patients were diagnosed with osteoma, 8 (38.1%) with ﬁbrous dysplasia, 2 (9.5%) with ossifying fibroma and one (4.8%) with juvenile active ossifying (JAOF), 17 were adults and 4 were children, the range of f/u (3-60) months. 19 patients were managed by the endonasal endoscopic approach. They continue to be followed with no evidence of recurrence. Two cases required the revision combined endoscopic open approach to ensure adequate removal of the disease (residual and recurrence).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Diagnostic dilemma of BFOL can be overcome with a combination of clinical, radiological and pathological criteria. Correct diagnosis of fibro-osseous tumors is crucial for adequate therapy as their treatment, prognosis, clinical aggressiveness and long term complications of individual entities vary significantly. Endoscopic computer-assisted surgery is the treatment of choice. Endoscopic resection remains a technical challenge. </p>
Changes in the hearing threshold using high frequency audiometry in medical personnel exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Pooja Pradeep , Sridevi Karuthedeth , Thomas Anie Melootil , Rajagopalan Vinayakumar Ariyamparampil , Arun Pulakkil 
Published: October 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Effect on sensorineural hearing loss by low dose ionizing radiation exposure in radiation workers has been rarely evaluated. A case control study was done among the radiation associated workers and normal subjects.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was designed in low dose of radiation exposing healthy medical personnel. Age and sex matched healthy control group of subjects were selected. Groups were evaluated by normal otoscopic evaluation; normal tuning fork test and normal standard pure tone audiogram at frequencies from 250 to 8000 Hz. They underwent impedance audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, and high frequency audiometry (from frequencies 10000 to 20000 Hz) was done. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> No statistically significant difference was found in the results of impedance audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and standard pure tone audiogram from 250 to 8000 Hz between cases and controls. In the high frequency range, statistically significant difference was observed (p=0.0001). Mean thresholds were higher at all frequencies in cases compared to controls, except at 4000 Hz. A statistically significant correlation was found between duration of exposure and thresholds at 500 Hz (p=0.014) and 10000 Hz (p=0.048). Tinnitus, vertigo, ear block, hard of hearing and loss of appetite were seen more in cases, but was not significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Taking account of the very low incidence of nerve and parathyroid injury in this series, the authors suggest that meticulous capsular dissection is superior to dissection of the entire nerve in avoiding transcient nerve damage as well as temporary hypocalcemia. However it is stated that a deliberate search for the nerve is definitely indicated in cases where there is likely to be distorted anatomy, as in infiltrating malignancies and recurrent thyroidectomies.</p>
Iatrogenic bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury: a retrospective study
Authors: Thamizharasan P. , Madanagopal R. 
Published: October 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury is mostly iatrogenic following thyroidectomy. Our study aims at defining need for tracheostomy, timing of intervention and best method to achieve permanent treatment in cases of iatrogenic bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In past four years we did 34 total thyroidectomy surgeries, all patients were female between 21-65 years of age. Common indications were multi nodular goiter 25 cases, papillary carcinoma thyroid 7 cases and follicular neoplasm 2 cases. 5 patients developed bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, of which 3 were multi nodular goiter cases and papillary carcinoma thyroid 2 cases. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 5 out of 34 (14.7%) patients developed bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. 3 patients had complete bilateral abductor paralysis. 1 patient had bilateral abductor paresis and 1 patient had all bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve injury causing combined paralysis of vocal cord. Other 3 patients with bilateral abductor paralysis, 1 patient was not willing for tracheostomy and 2 patients underwent tracheostomy. Of those with tracheostomy, one had partial recovery after one year and tracheostomy was removed. The other patient had coblation arytenoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, Tracheostomy to be done if airway is compromised. Patients with pathological laryngeal electromyographic findings at least two months after the paresis need laryngeal framework surgery. Endoscopic cordotomy is the preferred intervention for long-term management.</p>
Micro flap technique: a novel approach for the management of a large epiglottic cyst
Authors: Prasad K. C. , Gopinath Indu Varsha 
Published: October 2018

<p>Epiglottic cyst is a not an unusual disease in the larynx. Although the lesion is benign, airway obstruction may occur due to a large cyst both in children and adults. Therefore it should to be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of stridor or difficulty in breathing. Common treatment modalities in dealing with these epiglottic cysts are endoscopic excision, marsupialization and even external approaches through neck in cases of very large cysts, complete Excision is usually the treatment of choice, with low recurrence. We report a case of a 38 years old man who presented with progressive difficulty in breathing, foreign body sensation and difficulty to swallow and the cyst was completely excised by s new micro flap technique, using both endoscope and microscope. The new method of excision of cyst after elevating the micro flaps and redraping on the raw surface causes faster healing process, less post operative edema and less post operative symptoms. The patient was discharged third day after the surgery without any complications. </p>
Study of dermatological manifestations amongst patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Kadam Manish , Kadam Pranita 
Published: October 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The number of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in India is increasing with an estimated annual incidence of about 100 per million populations. Hemodialysis is one of the therapeutic modalities which can improve the survival in these patients. About 50–100% of patients with ESRD have at least one associated cutaneous change Skin problems are common and diverse in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially among those on hemodialysis. Objective was<strong> </strong>to study dermatologic manifestations among patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A descriptive observational study was conducted in 77 consecutive chronic kidney disease patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis for more than 3 months at Manik Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 77 patients, 51 (66.23) of males and 26 (23.67) of females were examined. Male: Female ratio was 1.96: 1. The mean age was 51.17±15.22 years. Seventy three (94.08) patients had at-least one skin manifestation. Xerosis was the commonest manifestation (87.01), followed by pruritus (57.14). Cutaneous infections were noted in 55.84% patients. Fungal infections were more common with 27.27%. Mild xerosis was noted in 55.84% patients, 24.67% patients were moderate and whereas severe xerosis was noted in 6.49% patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Chronic kidney disease patients have prolonged life expectancy due to hemodialysis, hence they should be looked for presence of various skin manifestations which can affect the usual work and cause sleep disturbance which adds to the morbidity and mortality.</p>
Contribuições da educação não formal no aprendizado sobre geodiversidade: projeto geodiversidade na educação
Authors: Pimentel Carla Silvia , Liccardo Antonio , Maieski Kleverson Gonçalves , Mendes Camila Priotto 
Published: October 2018

O projeto “Geodiversidade na Educação” vem desenvolvendo ações no campo da educação não formal desde 2011. Dentre elas organizou uma exposição de material geológico, com caráter museológico, que busca desenvolver noções de educação geocientífica, patrimonial e ambiental a partir do conhecimento da geodiversidade. Com a consolidação do projeto, as pesquisas buscaram identificar contribuições efetivas na formação profissional de alunos-monitores dos cursos de Geografia da UEPG e as aprendizagens dos alunos visitantes. Os resultados revelaram que ações do projeto contribuíram com eficácia no desempenho dos alunos no curso e/ou na vida profissional, além de trazer aportes para o desenvolvimento pessoal. Avalia-se que o projeto cumpre sua função na educação não formal, divulgando conhecimento científico à comunidade e desenvolvendo produtos paradidáticos. Em relação aos estudantes que visitaram a exposição, seus professores apontaram correlação direta entre os conteúdos da exposição e aqueles ensinados aos seus alunos, afirmando ainda que o projeto é motivador e didaticamente adequado.