bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical modeling of the 2015 Illapel Tsunami source by the inversion of DART buoys data
Authors: Voronina T.A. , Loskutov A.V. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The problem of the tsunami source reconstruction from the remote measurements of an arriving waves in the deep-water tsunamimeters is considered as an inverse problem of mathematical physics in the class of the ill-posed problems. The latter determines the inevitable instability of the numerical solution. We propose a method providing more control on the numerical instability of the solution. The DART buoys data allows one to apply the linear shallow-water theory for the wave propagation and the r-solution method for the tsunami waveform inversion. The applied approach is independent from the earthquake source characteristics, because the only observed tsunami waveforms and a roughly estimated tsunami source area are used. A good coincidence of observed and computed tsunami waveforms was a criterion of the quality of the inversion. In this paper we study the 16 September 2015 Illapel (Chile) event and conduct a reconstruction of a tsunami source.
Volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands in 2018: on the basis of satellite and visual data
Authors: Chibisova M V , Rybin A V , Degterev A V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The data characterizing volcanic activity in the Kuril Islands in 2018 are given on the basis of satellite and visual data. The Ebeko volcano (Paramushir island, the Northern Kuriles) and Sarychev Peak volcano (Matua Island, the Central Kuriles) were active in the Kuril Islands. On Ebeko volcano a weak (to moderate) explosive eruption occurred, it expressed in regular steam and ash-gas emissions (only about 800 with a height from 2 to 5.5 km). Sarychev Peak volcano was characterized by a manifestation of weak (to moderate) explosive activity (during the period from September till October there were at least 10 emissions to a height of 2 to 4.5 km). Due to the relatively low emission height and low ash concentration, the activity of Ebeko and Sarychev Peak volcanoes in 2018 did not pose a serious threat to international air routes, but could complicate the work of local airlines.
Geological and geomorphological processes impacting nature management in the coastal zone of Pacific Russia
Authors: Govorushko S M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The coastal zone of Pacific Russia (administrative areas of the Far East with access to the ocean) is characterized by many dangerous natural processes. However, due to the low population density of the region, their impact on nature management often goes unnoticed. This sometimes gives a false impression of their lack of strength compared to similar processes in other more populated areas of the world. However, if the population density in the coastal zone of Pacific Russia corresponds to the indicators of Japan or Indonesia, the consequences of their occurrence in most cases would be catastrophic. An inventory of hazardous natural processes in the region was carried out. The intensity of their manifestations in other parts of the world was compared and a division of these processes according to the degree of their danger to the region was made. In the category of the most significant processes, the force of manifestation of which corresponds to the maximum possible values observed on Earth, or is approaching them includes earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, avalanches and cryogenic processes. The second group includes mudflows, aufeises, river erosion, abrasion, landslides, screes, landslides, subsidence and suffosion. The third group (the probability and intensity of which within the coastal zone of Pacific Russia are minimal) includes gully erosion, sheet erosion, rock streams, heaving, shrinkage, karst and aeolian processes. If we compare with other Russian regions, some processes (volcanic eruptions and tsunamis) are distributed exclusively within the coastal zone of Pacific Russia, others (earthquakes, aufeises, abrasion, rock streams, cryogenic processes) have a generally higher intensity, the importance of the third (karst, subsidence, etc.) is obviously lower than in other Russian regions.
Temperature conditions of snow mass and snow melting features in urban environments
Authors: Mikhalev M , Lobkina V 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The paper presents the features of the snowmelt dynamics of snow mass in the urbanized area in different altitudinal zones, with different regimes of anthropogenic load. The temperature distribution in the snow layer data analysis is carried out. The capabilities of snow mass monitoring system analysis according to the periods of active water loss prediction is carried out.
The invasive plant species in the flora of Sakhalin
Authors: Sabirova N D , Sabirov R N , Lozhnikova O O 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to the formation of modern composition of the adventive and the invasive component of flora in Sakhalin Island. More effective expansion of the alien plant species was in the 20th century during the colonization and the scale development of the island’s natural recourses. Today there is a new splash of the alien plants drifting due to development of offshore oil and gas projects and intensive traffic flows. As a result, anthropogenic transformations of many years Sakhalin natural landscapes caused the expansion of adventive flora to 240 taxa, where 26 species are the invasive and widespread on the island.
The Antimicrobial Activity and Characterization of the Cast Titanium Copper Alloys with Variations of Copper Content
Authors: Korda Akhmad A. , Munawaroh S. , Basuki Eddy A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The effect of Cu addition on antimicrobial activity of Cast Ti-Cu Alloys against Staphylococcus aureus were studied. The Ti-Cu alloys were prepared with a variation of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 and 10 wt% of copper. Pure Ti metal was also prepared and tested as a comparison. The antibacterial was performed by killing activity test of colony forming unit (CFU) method with variation of contact time. Optical microscope observation, XRD, and the Vickers hardness test were carried out to characterize the investigated alloys. The results showed that Ti-Cu alloys were able to decrease the amount of bacteria by time. However, the activity of killing of bacteria in the varied range of Cu content did not show significantly different result. The highest bacterial kill ability in the alloy was observed in addition of 3 wt% Cu.
Effect of Phenolic Resin on Density, Porosity, Hardness, Thermal Stability, and Friction Performance as A Binder in Non-Asbestos Organic Brake Pad
Authors: Nawangsari P , Jamasri  , Rochardjo H S B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Phenolic resin is the most common resin binder used in brake pad materials. Selection of the relative amount of phenolic resin is an important to maintain structurally intact with the other ingredients of brake pad composite. In this experimental study, the effects of phenolic resin as a binder in non-asbestos organic brake pad was investigated. The brake pad composite was made using a powder metallurgy technique. Four formulations with different volume fractions 10, 15, 20, and 25 were selected. Parameters applied were 47 MPa compaction pressure, 150 °C molding temperature, and 130 °C post curing temperature with 6 hours holding time. The properties of brake pad composite were examined density, porosity, hardness, thermal stability, and friction performance (refers to SNI 09-0143-1987). The results show the increase of phenolic resin content can decrease the density, porosity, thermal stability, friction coefficient, and volume wear rate by 1%, 16.79%, 2.39%, 42.5%, 24.16%, respectively. However, the hardness increases by 19.29 %. This investigation also recommends not to select 10 and 15 volume fraction of phenolic resin due to lower resistance to mechanical stresses although the thermal stability is better than the other studied composites.
Study of Strontium Effect on ADC12/Nano-Al2O3 Composite Characteristics with Al-Ti-B Grain Refiner Addition by Stir Casting Method
Authors: Syahrial A Z , Al-Wafiy M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cast iron are the common material used as brake-shoe component of the train, but this material has a high density of 7,25 g/cm3 which tends to be heavy and causes more energy consumption. Aluminum composites can be used as alternative materials with less density. For improving the mechanical characteristic of the aluminum composite, grain modification can be done using strontium (Sr) addition. This research is intended to know the effect of variation of addition of Sr as a modifier on microstructure and mechanical properties of ADC12 composite material with reinforcement of 0,03 vf% nano-Al2O3 particles. Composite fabrication is done by stir casting method. The addition of Mg as wetting agent was 5 wt%, Al-5Ti-B as a grain refiner was 0.04 wt%, and Sr as modified grain with varying addition as much as 0.018; 0.021; 0.026; 0.028; and 0.037 wt%. To characterize the composite product, several testing is done, which is chemical composition characterization, metallographic observation, Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy characterization, X-Ray Diffraction characterization, hardness testing, wear testing, tensile testing, and impact testing. The results of mentioned testing generally indicate an increase in mechanical properties of the material, due to the role of Sr in the morphological modification of silicon and quasi-binary Mg2Si, secondary dendritic arm spacing size reduction, and wetting agents in the composite system. However, excess addition of Sr will increase the %porosity of the material.
Influence of Tack Weld on Physical and Mechanical Properties of MIG Welding of AA5083H116
Authors: Mudjijana  , Ilman M.N. , Iswanto P.T. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The research objective is to determine the effect of tack weld on physical and mechanical properties of tandem-MIG (T-MIG) welding of AA5083H116 materials. A Tenjima 200S MIG machine, sample dimension of 300mm × 75mm × 3mm, and 0.8mm diameter ER5356 electrode were used. The distance between electrodes of T-MIG was varied of 18, 27, 36mm. Welding speed of 12.5mm/s, and welding process was shield using argon gas. First, T-MIG welding were employed for untacked and tacked welding. The leading current was 125A and trailing current was 120A, but current wave of each T-MIG welding machine was not taken into account. The welding voltage was set the same. Second, parameters resulting in better physical and mechanical properties were then employed for single-MIG (S-MIG) tack weld using 8, 10, 12mm/s welding speeds. The result shows that T-MIG tacked weld produced in bowing distortion and T-MIG untack weld in downward bending distortion. Higher peak temperature resulted in larger distortion. T-MIG tacked weld results in welding efficiency 76% being similar with that of bending strength (75%) in comparison with that of as received material. T-MIG tack weld results in better penetration and 37% shorter welding time in comparison with S-MIG tack weld.
Failure Analysis of the Leaf Spring of Truck Colt Diesel Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Husaini  , Riantoni Rizki , Ali Nurdin , Putra Teuku Edisah 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Damage is often experienced by leaf springs of diesel trucks, known as premature failure and is need to be analyzed. Thus, this study aims to analyze the causes of failure of leaf springs through analytical and numerical analyses. Hardness testing was performed using the Rockwell method. Microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscopy to identify the fracture surface. Analytical and numerical analyses were used to obtain the load distribution of each spring. The analysis results of load distribution on each spring were 26.95 kN. The chemical composition of the specimen shows that the material was tested according to AISI 5150 standard. The hardness value of leaf springs tested was HRB 106.9. The Result of numerical and analytical shows that the strain, stress and deformation of leaf springs with maximum values occurred at the near of hole of spring. The K

I
value ≈ KIC
, therefore this may cause crack propagation. The failure of leaf springs was caused by fatigue during the operation marked by a beach mark and the normal stress is far below the specimen fatigue strength.
Observation on Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide Addition as Cationic Surfactant on Water-based Carbon Microfluid Performance for Quench Medium in Heat Treatment Process
Authors: Ramadhani C.A , Putra W.N. , Rakhman D. , Oktavio L. , Harjanto S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Quenching takes an important part in the heat treatment process that controls the microstructure, thus enhance its mechanical properties. The heat treatment process starts with heating at an elevated temperature, holding time then rapid cooling to room temperature. It requires a medium with a good thermal conductivity that can be achieved by the addition of nanoparticles to the quench medium, referred to as nanofluids. In this research, carbon particles were prepared by the top-down method, where the reduction of carbon particle was done by planetary ball-mill for 15 hours at 500 rpm. Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide is utilized as a cationic surfactant in order to reduce agglomeration at suspended particles thus increase quenching efficiency. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX) were used to observe the composition of material, particle size and particle morphology, and the change of the surface. Initial characterization by FE-SEM showed that the particle size after milling was averaged roughly at 15 µm, therefore, it was still not in the nanometer range. However, EDS result confirmed that the powder used in this research were 99% carbon. Carbon microparticles were added as the particle to distilled water as the microfluid base. Water-based carbon microfluid with a volume of 100 ml was produced by the two-step method, by mixing carbon microparticles at 0.1 wt%, and 0.5 wt% in various concentration of cationic surfactant of 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5wt % respectively. Samples of AISI 1045 or JIS S45C carbon steels were heat treated by austenizing at 1000°C in a heating furnace, followed by rapid quenching in microfluid as the medium quench resulting on cooling rate diagram. Mechanical properties and microstructures of the quenched samples will be observed by conducting hardness examination and metallography observation to analyze the effect of various carbon and surfactant concentration used in the water-based carbon microfluid quench medium.
Effect of Pulse Parameters on The Particle Size of Copper Powder Electrodeposition
Authors: Wahyudi S , Soepriyanto S , Mubarok M Z , Sutarno  
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, copper powder fabrication has been made via electrolysis method using CuSO4and H2SO4in aqueous media. Electrodeposition process of copper powder on a metallic surface is done by applying to continue current and pulse current with rectangular pulse waveform. Characterization of copper powder was carried out by SEM to confirm particle size and shape and EDX to determine the copper powder composition. In electrodeposition by applying to continue current to produce the copper powder with particle shape was dendritic, and the elemental composition of the powder was Cu and O. Regarding average particle size, pulse electrodeposition process produces the copper powder with average particle size up to 0.85μm, 72.6% smaller than if apply to continue current.
Effect of Gelatin On The Corrosion Resistance Of Cr-ZrO2 Coatings In 3% NaCl Solution
Authors: Setiawan Asep Ridwan , Ramelan Aditianto , Rachmantyo Riska , Luthfiani Febi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this work, Cr-ZrO2 composite coating were prepared by electrodeposition method on aluminium substrate from chromic acid based electrolytes containing gelatin. The effect of gelatin on the corrosion resistance of Cr-ZrO2 coatings were studied in 3 wt.% sodium chloride solutions. Potentiodynamic polarization studies were performed using a Versastat 3 (Princeton Applied Research) electrochemical system with a three-electrode cell. Results shows that the corrosion resistance of Cr-ZrO2 coating on Al substrate was improved by the addition of gelatin to the coating solution. The addition of gelatin shifted the potentiodynamic polarization curved in the noble direction. The corrosion potential changed positively from -778 mV to -259 mV. The corrosion rate of Cr-ZrO2 coating decreased from 4.44±0.93 mpy to 0.13±0.01 mpy with the addition of 3g/L gelatin.
Fabrication of Cr based electrodeposited composite film using nano ZrO2 particles on aluminum substrate
Authors: Sato Kota , Sugio Kenjiro , Choi Yongbum , Sasaki Gen , Setiawan Asep Ridwan , Ramelan Aditianto 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, the coating method suitable for producing high-quality film on aluminum substrate was investigated by using different surface treatment to each specimen before electrodeposition. Microstructure of coating cross section was observed with Electron Prove Micro Analyzer (EPMA). Vickers hardness of coating surface was measured. The measurement of polarization behavior of aluminum in CrO3-H2SO4 electrolyte with ZrO2 addition was carried out to investigate corrosion resistance. The addition of ZrO2 particles increased Vickers hardness of Cr coating. The existence of Zr in the coating was confirmed by point analysis from coating cross section. Polarization point was shifted higher by dispersing ZrO2 particles into the plating bath, and this means that corrosion resistance was improved by the addition of ZrO2 particles.
Physical Aging of Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5 Glassy Alloy
Authors: Aji Daisman P.B. , Triyono  , Mujalis Yusep 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Physical aging of Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5 glassy alloy has been studied after holding its samples with variation of time and temperature of annealing. The results showed that the enthalpy and entropy decreased with time according to a non-exponential kinetics. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) heating scan after annealing was analyzed using Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan (TNM) model. The analysis showed that a set of parameters that fitted the heating scan data for one annealing time did not fit the heating scan data for another annealing time. This is explained due to approximations used in the model and the effect of Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation to the physical aging.
Effect of Sodium Nitrate-Sodium Fluoride Ratio as Degasser in Al-7Si-2Cu Casting Product
Authors: Dhaneswara Donanta , Fatriansyah Jaka Fajar , Hanandhira Naila , Basa Agatha Rona , Reza Firmansyah M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Effect of Sodium Nitrate-Sodium Fluoride Ratio as degasser in Al-7Si-2Cu Casting product has been investigated. Degassing is one of the methods used in the casting process to remove gases, such as hydrogen gases, in the molten metal. The most commonly used degassing method is by injecting an inert gas such as argon. In this experiment, a conventional degassing method with degasser-based sodium nitrate-sodium fluoride was used with changes in sodium nitrate to sodium fluoride ratio variables are 3:5, 4:4, and 5:3. The type of material used is Al-7Si-2Cu material with additional scrap. The material melted first at 800°C, then the degasser was added into the furnace and held for 3 minutes. High temperature was used to melt the material due to the solubility of hydrogen gases in liquid metal at high temperature is high. The molten metal then poured into the dies at approximately 690°C. The casting process results are then prepared for mechanical testing, such as tensile test, impact test, and hardness test, and microstructure testing. The results show that at the ratio of 1:1.5 (normal ratio), the porosity was lower (0.8 at average) and the mechanical strength was higher (1.2 at average).
Development of Steel Matrix Composites Used for Metal Die
Authors: Sasaki Gen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, we show the development of the steel matrix composites used for metal die. Matrix used is 40CrMoV5 (ISO standard) steel, which is used as press and die-casting dies. The dispersants used are vapor grown carbon nanofiber (VGCF), which is one of carbon nanofiber (CNF) and titanium die-bride (TiB2) particle powder. After mixing 40CrMoV5 powder and the dispersants by ball milling, the composites was prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. For VGCF, 1.9 and 3.8 vol. % was added to 40CrMoV5 powder in order to obtain the composites. The thermal conductivity of the VGCF/40CrMoV5 alloy composites improved about 20% compared with the 40CrMoV5 monolithic alloy. The tensile strength of the composites with 1.9 vol. % VGCF is about 1980MPa, which is higher than the monolithic alloy with 1250 MPa. For TiB2 particle, 4.0, 8.0 20.0 vol. % powders was added to 40CrMoV5 powder. By adding 8.0 vol. % TiB2, the thermal conductivity improved about 40% compared with the monolithic alloy, but tensile strength decreased to 612 MPa in 8.0 vol. % VGCF composites, which are caused by the aggregation of TiB2 powders. It seems the strength of the composites will improve by controlling the dispersibility of TiB2 powders.
The Effect of Service Time on Carbide Volume Fraction and Hardness of Catalyst Tube Materials
Authors: Bastian Maulidin , Sugiharto Eko , Ardy Husaini 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The effect of service time on secondary carbides formation in reformer furnace tubes has been studied to obtain a relationship between carbide volume fraction, service time, and hardness. Tube material is Kubota KHR35CT which is part of ASTM A297 HP class. The study was performed by examinations of microstructural evolution and hardness. The microstructures were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopes of the new tube, and the other tubes that had been in service for 17,500; 96,300 and 113,800 hours at 850°C. Carbide volume fraction was measured using image analyzer. Carbide volume fraction of the new tube is 7.72%, and increased to 8.86% after 17,500 hours, 9.54% after 96,300 hours, and 10.95% after 113,800 hours. The increase in carbide volume fraction to 8.86 % did not affect the hardness substantially because the hardness only increases from 191 to 198 BHN. However, increasing exposure times to 96,300 and 113,800 hours decreased the hardness to 170 and 173 BHN respectively. These decreases in hardness may be corresponding to the coarsening and agglomeration of carbide particles due to longer exposure time at 850°C.