bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Webs y aprendizaje de lenguas: análisis de actividades de reading y listening para el hablante no nativo de inglés; el caso de la BBC
Authors: Espejo Mohedano Roberto , Palacios Hidalgo Francisco Javier 
Published: January 2019

El aprendizaje de lenguas se presenta como objetivo educativo clave para dotar a las nuevas generaciones de herramientas que les permitan desenvolverse ante los retos del siglo XXI, un siglo marcado por los avances tecnológicos, la migración, las demandas laborales y las disparidades económicas y sociales. Ante tal situación, surgen nuevosenfoques educativos caracterizados por la presencia de la tecnología, entre ellos, los conocidos como "aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador" y "aprendizaje de lenguas apoyado por la tecnología", que mejoran significativamente el aprendizaje de idiomas proporcionando mayor flexibilidad, libertad y eficacia frente a estilos de enseñanza más tradicionales y aumentando la motivación y el acceso a materiales más originales por parte del alumnado. Partiendo de este contexto, este artículo busca, por una parte, reflexionar sobre aprendizaje de lenguas (centrándose, concretamente, en el inglés), así como las posibilidades que ofrece el aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador y, por otra, analizar, desde una doble perspectiva, un caso particular de web para el aprendizaje de inglés y destinada a hablantes no nativos de esta lengua: BBC Learning English.
Characterization of three Pb-resistant fungi and their potential Pb2+ ions adsorption capacities
Authors: Sun Xin , Han Fei , Wang Hui , Song Fupeng , Cui Xiumin , Lou Yanhong , Zhuge Yuping 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Bioremediation is preferred in heavy metal remediation, and the high-performance microbe is of prime importance. In the present research, three Pb-resistant microbes were isolated and growth characteristics and adsorption capacities were evaluated. The results showed that R. oryzae SD-1, T. asperellum SD-5, and M. irregularis SD-8 can grow well under 100 mg L−1 Pb2+ ions stress. There is a higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pb but lower MICs of Cd and Zn in T. asperellum SD-5. However, there were similar MICs of Cu among the three microbes. R. oryzae SD-1 exhibited a higher adsorption capacity and removal rate relative to the other two microbes under various Pb2+ ion levels. The Langmuir equation was fitted for the adsorption capacity of T. asperellum SD-5 and M. irregularis SD-8, and their maximum adsorption capacities were approximately 456.62 mg g−1 and 93.62 mg g−1. Moreover, the Elovich equation and the double constant equation can describe the adsorption process of Pb2+ ions in Pb-resistant microbes well. The strongest adsorption capacity under lower Pb2+ ion level was observed in M. irregularis SD-8, while the strongest adsorption capacities under higher Pb2+ ion levels were seen in R. oryzae SD-1 and T. asperellum SD-5. Therefore, three novel Pb-resistant microbes may be used as efficient, easily cultivated materials for Pb-contaminated soil remediation.
The factors affecting accessibility to credit capital of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam
Authors: The Dong Phung , Thi Hong Nham Nguyen 
Published: January 2019

The difficulty in accessing loans is one of the major barriers to the development of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam. Low accessibility to capital forces SMEs to spend both official and unofficial costs in order to obtain loans, and/or to access the unofficial market at higher interest rates, thereby increasing cost of production of enterprises. Studies suggest that the determinants of bank loan processing through which small and medium enterprises can access official loans include: characteristics of enterprises; indicators, reflecting the performance of enterprises; characteristics of loans; characteristics of enterprises, enterprise owners; geographical position of enterprises; the creditworthiness of enterprises and the role of the network.Purpose of the study.The aim of this paper is the quantitative analysis of the factors, affecting accessibility to credit capital of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam.Materials and methods.This study was conducted on the basis of a survey in December 2017. The survey includes 301 enterprises in Hanoi city. Selected enterprises are also enterprises, surveyed in the annual enterprise survey by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. This paper uses the Probit and Logit regression approach to estimate the impact of factors, affecting the disbursement probability of a loan of an enterprise. The number of SMEs accounts for 56.69% of the samples. The number of enterprises, applying for a bank loan accounts for 58.4% of the total samples, of which the percentage of disbursed loans for SMEs accounts for only 47.3%. For enterprises without a bank loan, eliminating the reasons for the lack of demand and unwish to be in debt, the main reasons not to access bank loans are high interest rates, complicated loan procedures and insufficient collateral.Results.The results obtained from the Logistic and Probit models show that the estimated coefficients are statistically significant, affecting the probability of taking a business loan, accepted by financial institutions. Although the coefficients, estimated from Logistics model are larger than those estimated from the Probit model, the estimated results show that the direction of impact of the variables in two estimation techniques gives quite similar results.Conclusion.Based on the results of this study, the Government of Vietnam should implement policies to support SMEs in the direction of improving their access to capital. The credit institutions should design products and services suitable to the characteristics of SMEs in Vietnam.
Requirements for the innovation environment in the transition to the digital economy
Authors: Dneprovskaya Natalia V. 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the study is to identify the requirements of the digital economy to the technological level of the innovation environment development based on statistical analysis of indicators of the innovation environment. Over the past few decades, the vector of innovative economic development has changed from information to digital. A distinctive feature of the transition to a digital economy is the use of data in digital form to create innovation.Materials and methods. The sources of actual data were the reports and databases of official statistical reporting, international organizations (United Nations, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunication Union). Based on the correlation analysis, the factors of the innovation environment that have the greatest impact on the innovation activity of enterprises were identified. The obtained results helped to formulate the requirements for the innovation environment, enabling the transition to a digital economy.Results. The research of patent activity showed that the greatest number of inventions is registered in the field of computer technologies and digital communications. At the same time, these technologies themselves are a source of innovation in other areas of application (commerce, finance, education, etc.). The results of the correlation analysis allow us to choose the factors of the innovation environment that have the greatest impact on the results of innovation. These factors include intellectual and IT support for the innovation environment. The requirements to the innovation environment, providing transition to digital economy were formulated: equal access to IT-infrastructure, intellectual world potential, digital data, and methodical support of continuous interaction of various stakeholders in innovative activity.Conclusion. Innovation activity in the information society and the transition to the digital economy requires different states of the innovation environment. Statistical studies show that access and the amount of accumulated IT in the society and intellectual potential have a great influence on the development of innovation. The innovation environment in the digital economy faces new challenges to ensure equal opportunities for access and interaction among different stakeholders.
External labor migration in the Russian Federation
Authors: Smelov Pavel A. , Egorova Elena A. 
Published: January 2019

Purpose of the study. A problem of assessing international labor migration in the past twenty years is a very topical issue in many countries around the world. The main problem of the study of labor migration is the lack of full and reliable information about this phenomenon. The main objective of this study is to assess the possibility of statistical assessment of external labor migration in the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The article provides an overview of the international basic documents in the field of the organization of labor statistics of migrants, and also defines the concepts of labor migration and foreign employees from the point of view of international and Russian legislation. The sources of information were the data of the summary information on migration records of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, as well as microdata on the form 5-PERSONAL INCOME TAX of the Federal Tax Service of Russia. The main methods, used in the study are: methods of analysis and synthesis, methods of data measuring and aggregating, methods of working with microdata, analytical indicators of the dynamics, graphical and tabular method.Results and conclusion. Based on the study, several conclusions can be drawn. First, in the Russian Federation there are objective administrative sources of data on legal external labor migrants. Secondly, these sources are not harmonized and it is necessary to carry out methodological work on the harmonization of data and the construction of time series on the number of external labor migrants. Also, these services need to provide access to their information system to the Federal State Statistics Service to compile data on external labor migrants in various socio-demographic sections. Third, then the legal external labor migration to the Russian Federation increases every year and in 2017 amounted to about 108 million people, the main source countries are post-Soviet countries, and the high-ranking subjects of attraction are the cities of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Moscow Region.
Synthesis and Screening of Pro-apoptotic and Angio-inhibitory Activity of Novel Benzisoxazole Derivatives both In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Byrappa Sathish , Rachaiah Kavitha , Kotian Sumana Y. , Balaraju Yashaswini , Prabhuswamimath Samudyata C. , Rai Kuriya M.L. , Salimath Bharathi P. 
Published: January 2019

Background:Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) tends to be more aggressive than other types of breast cancer. Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle hence there is a significant need for new antineoplastic drugs with multi-target potency. Numerous Benzoisoxazole moieties have been found to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. In the present study, we have synthesized 9 novel derivatives of Benzisoxazole 7(a-i) and screened them for their biological potential.Methods:Chemical synthesis, Mass spectrometry (HRMS), cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay, wound healing assay, flow cytometry and nuclear staining. Angio-inhibitory activity assessed by corneal micropocket assay and in vivo peritoneal angiogenesis assay.Results:The Benzisoxazole derivatives 7(a-i) were synthesized and screened for their biological potency by both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Among the series, compound 3-(1-((3-(3(Benzyloxy)-4-methoxyphenyl)- 4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-yl)methyl)piperidine-4-yl)6-fluorobenzo[d] isoxazole (7e) was found to be most promising, with an average IC50 value of 50.36 ± 1.7 µM in MTT assay and showed 81.3% cell death. The compound 7e also showed 60-70% inhibition on a recombinant Metastasis-Associated protein (MTA1) induced proliferation and cell migration in MDAMB-231 cells, which is known to play a major role in angiogenesis. The anti-tumour studies inferred the regression of tumour activity. This was due to inhibition of neovascularization and evoking apoptosis process as assessed by corneal vascularization, peritoneal angiogenesis and apoptotic hallmarks in 7e treated cells.Conclusion:These findings not only show the biological efficacy of compound 7e but it is also an effective beginning to explore the mechanism of metastasis and cancer therapy strategy targeting MTA1. The observed biological activity makes compound 7e an attractive drug candidate.
Differences in Serum Biomarkers Between Combined Glucosamine and Chondroitin Versus Celecoxib in a Randomized, Double-blind Trial in Osteoarthritis Patients
Authors: Navarro Sandi L. , Herrero Marta , Martinez Helena , Zhang Yuzheng , Ladd Jon , Lo Edward , Shelley David , Randolph Timothy W. , Lampe Johanna W. , Lampe Paul D. 
Published: January 2019

Background:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g., celecoxib, are commonly
used for inflammatory conditions, but can be associated with adverse effects. Combined
glucosamine hydrochloride plus chondroitin sulfate (GH+CS) are commonly used
for joint pain and have no known adverse effects. Evidence from in vitro, animal and human
studies suggest that GH+CS have anti-inflammatory activity, among other mechanisms
of action.

Objective:
We evaluated the effects of GH+CS versus celecoxib on a panel of 20 serum
proteins involved in inflammation and other metabolic pathways.

Methods:
Samples were from a randomized, parallel, double-blind trial of pharmaceutical
grade 1500 mg GH + 1200 mg CS (n=96) versus 200 mg celecoxib daily (n=93) for 6-
months in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex,
body mass index, baseline serum protein values, and rescue medicine use assessed the intervention
effects of each treatment arm adjusting for multiple testing.

Results:
All serum proteins except WNT16 were lower after treatment with GH+CS, while
about half increased after celecoxib. Serum IL-6 was significantly reduced (by 9%,
P=0.001) after GH+CS, and satisfied the FDR <0.05 threshold. CCL20, CSF3, and WNT16
increased after celecoxib (by 7%, 9% and 9%, respectively, P<0.05), but these serum proteins
were no longer statistically significant after controlling for multiple testing.

Conclusion:
The results of this study using samples from a previously conducted trial in
OA patients, demonstrate that GH+CS reduces circulating IL-6, an inflammatory cytokine,
but is otherwise comparable to celecoxib with regard to effects on other circulating protein
biomarkers.
Behavioral Experimental Paradigms for the Evaluation of Drug’s Influence on Cognitive Functions: Interpretation of Associative, Spatial/Nonspatial and Working Memory
Authors: Zameer Saima , Akhtar Mohd. , Vohora Divya 
Published: January 2019

Background:Currently, a large number of people throughout the world are affected by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease which appear with a lapse in recall, attention and altered cognitive functions. Learning and memory, the fundamental indices defining cognitive functions, are the complex psychological processes governing acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval of stored information. These processes are synchronized by the coordination of various parts of the brain including hippocampus, striatum and amygdala.Objective:The present review is centered on different behavioral paradigms in rodents interpreting learning and memory both explicitly and implicitly. Furthermore, it is also emphasizing on the interaction of various brain structures during different stages of associative, spatial and non-spatial memory.Methods:We embarked on an objective review of literature relevant to screening methods for evaluation of drug’s influence on a wide range of cognitive functions (learning and memory) as well as the underlying mechanism responsible for modulation of these functions.Results:Our review highlighted the behavioral paradigms based on associative, spatial/nonspatial and working memory. The cited research acknowledged the hippocampal and striatal control on learning and memory.Conclusion:Since the neurodegenerative disorders and dementia have continuously been increasing, a wide range of therapeutic targets have been developed at the cellular and molecular level. This arises the necessity of screening of these targets in different cognitive behavioral paradigms which reflect their memory enhancing potential. The understanding of behavioral models and the involvement of brain structures in cognitive functions highlighted in the present review might be helpful to advance therapeutic interventions.
Biochemical tolerance of Suaeda maritima L. (Dumort) as a potential species for phytoextracting heavy metal and salt in paper mill effluent contaminated soil.
Authors: Malik Zakir Hussain , Ravindran K.C. 
Published: January 2019

Suaeda maritima is a halophyte that has been evolutionary adapted to cope with saline and heavy metal conditions. The aim of the present study was to examine the biochemical response of Suaeda maritima against phytoextracting heavy metals and salts from paper mill effluent. Suaeda maritima seedlings have been grown for 120 days with an irrigation solution of 250 ml of 75% raw paper mill effluent after four drenching. Analysis of biochemical parameters revealed that maximum synthesis of chlorophyll, protein, phenol, proline and glycinebetaine may be involved in their ability to cope with heavy metal and salt stress. The present study confirms that the accumulation and increase of biochemical constituents can be considered as an efficient ROS scavenger and also maintain cellular homeostasis and metabolic functions in photosynthetically active leaves in Suaeda maritima, during phytoextraction studies.
Keywords: phytoextraction, paper mill effluent, Suaeda maritima, biochemical, heavy metal and salts
The anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract powder bark of Anthocleista schweinfurthii Gilg (Loganiaceae)
Authors: Djova Valdi Steve , Nyegue Ascension Maximilienne , Etoa François-Xavier 
Published: January 2019

Aqueous extract bark of Anthocleista schweinfurthii (ASE) was investigated for anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory activities and phytochemicals screening. Phytochemical screening was carried out according, to LC-MS procedures, the anti-inflammatory effect of ASE was evaluated in vitro inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX) enzyme and proteinase inhibiting action assays. The anti-arthritic activity was performed according to the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) test. The chemical composition of ASE showed that it was mainly composed of isocyanate, biphenyltriol, methoxyflavanone, soscoparin and glucopyroside. In the anti-inflammatory assays, ASE showed selective inhibition of 15-lipooxygenase with IC50 value of and moderate activity against the inhibition of proteinase action with IC50 value of L. Both the methods showed that the ASE posses good anti-inflammatory activity. ASE had strong in vitro anti-arthritic activity with IC50 of , the positive control Diclofenac had IC50 value of The result of this study justified the use of this plant in traditional Cameroonian medicine in the treatment of inflammation. ASE may offer a new source of potential therapeutic agents for the effective treatment of arthritis and inflammation.

Keywords: Anthocleista schweinfurthii, phytochemical screening, anti-arthritic activity, anti-inflammatory activity,
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM THE ROOT OF ARGYREIA SPECIOSA AGAINST GLOBAL CEREBRAL ISCHEMIC REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS
Authors: Jaiswal Bhagat Singh , Tailang Mukul 
Published: January 2019

Cerebral stroke is the principal reason of death without effective treatment in the world and recognized as the common cause of disability. Argyreia speciosa (Linn.f.) (Convolvulaceae, Synonyms: Argyreia nervosa) is widely distributed plant species in India. It is commonly known as Elephant creeper and Vryddhadaru. A. speciosa is a very valuable plant in the Ayurvedic system. In 'Rasayan' drug it has been used for the treatment of various neurological diseases. Its root taste is bitter and having the multiple uses like as a brain tonic, nootropic, anti-anxiety and anticonvulsant activity. The current study, plan to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of A. speciosa root (ASEE) in a validate rat model of stroke known as global cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury (GCIRI). We divided 36 male Wistar rats to six experimental groups (n= 6). The group-I considered as sham control (no GCIRI), Group-II saline treated GCIRI, Group-III, IV, and V received ASEE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) for 7 days prior to the induction of GCIRI while Group-VI termed as standard and it received quercetin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior induction of GCIRI. GCIRI produced the significant neurological deficit, sensorimotor dysfunction, decrease neurobehavioral parameters, increased cerebral infarction area and brain edema as compared with sham control rats. Seven days of pretreatment with ASEE markedly attenuates all the changes caused by GCIRI to the normal level. Our results proved that ASEE possess the protective effect on GCIRI induced stroke and aforementioned neuroprotection may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory property.
Keywords: Brain stroke, BCCAO, Antioxidants, Neuroprotection, Argyreia speciosa
Development and validation of novel HPLC method for the estimation of Rutin in crude hydromethanolic leaf extract of Prosopis cineraria
Authors: Bishnoi Ram Singh , Kumar Manish , Shukla Ajay Kumar , Jain C.P. 
Published: January 2019

A simple, specific, accurate and precise high performance liquid chromatography method has developed for the estimation of rutin in Prosopis cineraria. The chromatographic separation was achieved by using C18 column, 150 x 4.6mm i.d., 5µ bonded phase octadecylsilane (Thermo Labs Hypersil). Mobile phase was composed of 80 parts of methanol & 20 parts of 0.05% formic acid. The pH of the mobile phase was 3.2.The retention time of rutin was found 5.7 min with 1 mL/min flow rate at ambient temperature. The estimation was performed on PDA detector at 281 nm. In this study, an excellent linearity was obtained with r2 0.999. Besides, the chromatographic peak was found sharp & symmetric. The proposed method was validated in terms of the analytical parameters such as accuracy, linearity, precision, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined based on the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The detector response was linear in the range of 2-10 µg/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied for the estimation of the constituents in crude extract of Prosopis cineraria. This study established a quantitative method for the determination of rutin from Prosopis cineraria.
Keywords: Prosopis cineraria, HPLC, Validation, Rutin.
Drug utilization evaluation of antibiotics in district hospital Rudraprayag
Authors: Kala Kanishk , Sodhi Rupinder Kaur , Jain Upendra Kumar 
Published: January 2019

Drug utilization is very important for antibiotics as they are widely used in hospitals and their in appropriate use may lead to resistance. To check this irrational use of antibiotics and promote rational use the present retrospective study was conducted to access drug utilization evaluation of antibiotics in in patient department of District Hospital Rudraprayag for a period of three months. Overall 126 patients records were encountered in the study in which male female ratio .was 1 2. Prominent age range was 21-40. Overall 1064 drugs were prescribed average number of drug per prescription was 8.44. Percentage of drug by generic name was 33. Percentage of antibiotic prescribed was 82.74. Percentage of drugs with EDL was 66.16. Study results revealed poly-pharmacy, brand prescribing as common trends. Study showed need to promote prescribers to follow generic prescribing and use injectable and antibiotics rationally to prevent development of resistance in hospital and community.
Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Drug utilization, Antibiotics