bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro bioaccessibility of avenanthramides in cookies made with malted oat flours
Authors: Ninfali Paolino , Mari Michele , Meli Maria A. , Roselli Carla , Antonini Elena 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis study evaluated the effects of malting and in vitro digestion on the bioaccessibility of six avenanthramides (AVNs), soluble phenols (SPs) and antioxidant capacity (ORAC) in cookies (3B, 4B, 5B) prepared with oat flour malted for three (M3), four (M4), five (M5) days, respectively. Control cookies (CTRL) were made with non‐malted oat flour (M0). Five‐days malting increased the AVN content of native kernels up to 10‐folds, whereas SPs and ORAC tripled their values. After the in vitro digestion, AVNs showed their bioaccessibility in the following order: 5B > 4B > 3B, with a recovery of 1703 μg AVNs per 50 g portion of 5B cookies, compared to 135 μg of CTRL. Results showed that the inclusion of 27% malted oat flour was effective to formulate functional cookies with satisfactory technological properties, high AVN content and bioaccessibility.
Energy transfer process and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence of PbS quantum dot‐doped glasses
Authors: Huang Xiongjian , Peng Zixing , Guo Qianyi , Song Xiaoqian , Qiu Jianrong , Dong Guoping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPbS quantum dot (QD)‐doped glasses were fabricated through melt‐quenching method. After heat treatment schedule, uniform QDs were precipitated in the glasses and near‐infrared emission covering 900‐1700 nm was obtained under excitation. From photoluminescence (PL) spectra and lifetime decay curves, the whole emission band of QD‐doped glasses consisted of emission from the 1S‐1S state and the trap state. While using excitation with higher energy, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of QD‐doped glasses broadened because smaller QDs were excited. Energy transfer process among QDs was revealed by measuring the lifetime of different emission bands in PL spectrum and the energy transferred from smaller QDs with broader bandgap to bigger QDs with narrow bandgap. Temperature‐dependent PL and the corresponding lifetime decay curves of PbS QD‐doped glasses were analyzed. Temperature‐dependent bandgap structure of PbS QDs was obtained by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results here give deep insight into optical properties of PbS QD‐doped glasses and it is beneficial to design and develop high‐performance QD‐based optoelectronic devices in theory.
Enhanced piezoelectric properties of Sr(1.7)(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.3Bi4Ti5O18 ceramics in the system Sr(2−x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)xBi4Ti5O18 (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5)
Authors: Shet Tukaram , Bhimireddi Rajasekhar , Varma Kalidindi B. R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFine powders synthesized via sol‐gel route were employed to fabricate Sr(2−x)(Na0.5Bi0.5)xBi4Ti5O18 (SNBT, where x = 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5) ceramics. The composition (x)‐dependent structural changes associated with SNBT ceramics were analyzed using X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopic techniques. Average grain size analyses carried out on the SNBT ceramics by scanning electron microscopy revealed an important role played by the dopants in inhibiting the grain growth. Dielectric constants and the Curie temperature of the ceramics were found to decrease and increase, respectively, with increase in x. The increase in Curie temperature with increase in x was attributed to the decrease in the tolerance factor. The specific composition (x = 0.3) of the SNBT ceramics exhibited improved piezo‐ and ferroelectric properties associated with a higher Curie temperature (569 K). The piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and the planar electromechanical coupling coefficient (kp) of SNBT(x = 0.3) were enhanced by 25% and 42%, respectively, as compared to the undoped ceramics.
Evolutionary history of the arid climate‐adapted Helichrysum (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae): Cape origin and association between annual life‐history and low chromosome numbers
Authors: Andrés‐Sánchez Santiago , Verboom G. Anthony , Galbany‐Casals Mercè , Bergh Nicola G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe basal grade of the large, widely‐distributed Helichrysum‐Anaphalis‐Pseudognaphalium (HAP) clade (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) comprises exclusively southern African taxa. These species possess unusual trait combinations relative to the remaining species (a high proportion of annuals, unusual capitulum arrangement, and low base chromosome numbers). A time‐proportional Bayesian phylogenetic hypothesis is generated from nuclear ribosomal sequences from 110 accessions. Ancestral area, life history, and base chromosome number are reconstructed using maximum likelihood, and correlations between life‐history and chromosome number are tested in a phylogenetic framework. The results show that the HAP clade probably originated and experienced initial diversification in the Greater Cape Floristic Region in the Early to Middle Miocene. The ancestor of the HAP clade is inferred to have been perennial with x = 7 base chromosome number. Several independent acquisitions of the annual life‐history are inferred, accompanied by reductions to x = 4 and 5. A single reversal to perennial life history is associated with a subsequent change back to the state of x = 7. Origin and early diversification within the HAP clade follows the pattern of multi‐area seeded radiations within southern Africa, with subsequent migrations to the rest of Africa and the Northern Hemisphere. Occupation of drier habitats with shorter growing seasons may select for the acquisition of a shorter life‐cycle, and our results indicate a strong association between short life‐cycle and reduced chromosome number.
Monkeyflowers (Mimulus): new model for plant developmental genetics and evo‐devo
Authors: Yuan Yao‐Wu 
Published: November 2018

Contents

Summary
694

I.
Introduction
694

II.
The system
695

III.
Regulation of carotenoid pigmentation
695

IV.
Formation of periodic pigmentation patterns
696

V.
Developmental genetics of corolla tube formation and elaboration
697

VI.
Molecular basis of floral trait variation underlying pollinator shift
698

VII.
Outlook
699

Acknowledgements
699

References
699

SummaryMonkeyflowers (Mimulus) have long been recognized as a classic ecological and evolutionary model system. However, only recently has it been realized that this system also holds great promise for studying the developmental genetics and evo‐devo of important plant traits that are not found in well‐established model systems such as Arabidopsis. Here, I review recent progress in four different areas of plant research enabled by this new model, including transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis, formation of periodic pigmentation patterns, developmental genetics of corolla tube formation and elaboration, and the molecular basis of floral trait divergence underlying pollinator shift. These examples suggest that Mimulus offers ample opportunities to make exciting discoveries in plant development and evolution.
Child and adolescent psychiatry in the Far East: A 5‐year follow up on the Consortium on Academic Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in the Far East (CACAP‐FE) study
Authors: Hirota Tomoya , Guerrero Anthony , Sartorius Norman , Fung Daniel , Leventhal Bennett , Ong Say H. , Kaneko Hitoshi , Apinuntavech Suporn , Bennett Abang , Bhoomikumar Jegannathan , Cheon Keun‐Ah , Davaasuren Oyunsuren , Gau Susan , Hall Brian , Koren Evgeny , van Nguyen Tuan , Oo Tin , Tan Susan , Tateno Masaru , Thikeo Manivone , Wiguna Tjhin , Wong Mark , Zheng Yi , Skokauskas Norbert 
Published: November 2018

AimData pertaining to child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) training systems are limited as extant research has mostly been derived from one‐time data collection. This 5‐year follow‐up survey collects updated information on CAP training systems in the Far East, allowing for the tracking of system changes over the past 5 years.MethodsData were obtained from 18 countries, or functionally self‐governing areas, in the Far East, 17 of which were also included in the original study. An online questionnaire was completed by leading CAP professionals in each country. Questions were expanded in the present study to capture the contents of CAP training.ResultsWhen compared to data from the original study, there has been progress in CAP training systems in the last 5 years. Specifically, there has been an increase in the number of countries with CAP training programs and national guidelines for the training. In addition, the number of CAP departments/divisions affiliated with academic institutions/universities has increased. Findings from 12 of 18 countries in the present study provide data on clinical contents. All informants of the present study reported the need for more child and adolescent psychiatrists and allied professionals.ConclusionDespite progress in CAP training systems over the last 5 years, the need for more professionals in child and adolescent mental health care in all the relevant areas in this region have yet to be adequately addressed. Continued national efforts and international collaborations are imperative to developing and sustaining new CAP training systems while facilitating improvements in existing programs.
Becoming Activists: Jewish–Palestinian Encounters and the Mechanisms of Social Change Engagement
Authors: Ross Karen 
Published: November 2018

Studies of youth‐focused encounter initiatives have long focused on the potential of such endeavors to shift the attitudes of participants. In recent years, scholarship has begun t'o address whether encounters can shift behaviors, as well—particularly in terms of motivating continued engagement in peacebuilding and social change initiatives. Yet studies have not addressed the question of how this shift occurs, that is, what mechanisms lead from encounter participation to continued social change engagement. This article draws on long‐standing research with a veteran Israeli encounter organization, Sadaka Reut, to explore what is significant in making the participation–continued engagement link. Its analysis points to personalized learning and Sadaka Reut's binational framework as particularly salient, but also addresses the inherent tensions in an approach aiming to foster critical awareness among youth who are members of both the dominant and oppressed ethnonational groups in a long‐standing conflict context.
Mg‐dechelatase is involved in the formation of photosystem II but not in chlorophyll degradation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Chen Ying , Shimoda Yousuke , Yokono Makio , Ito Hisashi , Tanaka Ayumi 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe STAY‐GREEN (SGR) gene encodes Mg‐dechelatase which catalyzes the conversion of chlorophyll (Chl) a to pheophytin (Pheo) a. This reaction is the first and most important regulatory step in the Chl degradation pathway. Conversely, Pheo a is an indispensable molecule in photosystem (PS) II, suggesting the involvement of SGR in the formation of PSII. To investigate the physiological functions of SGR, we isolated Chlamydomonas sgr mutants by screening an insertion‐mutant library. The sgr mutants had reduced maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and reduced Pheo a levels. These phenotypes were complemented by the introduction of the Chlamydomonas SGR gene. Blue Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis showed that although PSII levels were reduced in the sgr mutants, PSI and light‐harvesting Chl a/b complex levels were unaffected. Under nitrogen starvation conditions, Chl degradation proceeded in the sgr mutants as in the wild type, indicating that ChlamydomonasSGR is not required for Chl degradation and primarily contributes to the formation of PSII. In contrast, in the Arabidopsis sgr triple mutant (sgr1 sgr2 sgrL), which completely lacks SGR activity, PSII was synthesized normally. These results suggest that the Arabidopsis SGR participates in Chl degradation while the ChlamydomonasSGR participates in PSII formation despite having the same catalytic property.
5 protein-based signature for resectable lung squamous cell carcinoma improves the prognostic performance of the TNM staging
Authors: Martínez-Terroba Elena , Behrens Carmen , Agorreta Jackeline , Monsó Eduard , Millares Laura , Felip Enriqueta , Rosell Rafael , Ramirez José Luis , Remirez Ana , Torre Wenceslao , Gil-Bazo Ignacio , Idoate Miguel A , de-Torres Juan P , Pio Ruben , Wistuba Ignacio I , Pajares María J , Montuenga Luis M 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionPrognostic biomarkers have been very elusive in the lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and none is currently being used in the clinical setting. We aimed to identify and validate the clinical utility of a protein-based prognostic signature to stratify patients with early lung SCC according to their risk of recurrence or death.MethodsPatients were staged following the new International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) staging criteria (eighth edition, 2018). Three independent retrospective cohorts of 117, 96 and 105 patients with lung SCC were analysed to develop and validate a prognostic signature based on immunohistochemistry for five proteins.ResultsWe identified a five protein-based signature whose prognostic index (PI) was an independent and significant predictor of disease-free survival (DFS) (p<0.001; HR=4.06, 95% CI 2.18 to 7.56) and overall survival (OS) (p=0.004; HR=2.38, 95% CI 1.32 to 4.31). The prognostic capability of PI was confirmed in an external multi-institutional cohort for DFS (p=0.042; HR=2.01, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.94) and for OS (p=0.031; HR=2.29, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.86). Moreover, PI added complementary information to the newly established IASLC TNM 8th edition staging system. A combined prognostic model including both molecular and anatomical (TNM) criteria improved the risk stratification in both cohorts (p<0.05).ConclusionWe have identified and validated a clinically feasible protein-based prognostic model that complements the updated TNM system allowing more accurate risk stratification. This signature may be used as an advantageous tool to improve the clinical management of the patients, allowing the reduction of lung SCC mortality through a more accurate knowledge of the patient’s potential outcome.
Esgarçamento do futuro
Authors: Zorek Bruno De Macedo 
Published: November 2018

Ao se acompanhar as representações de futuro da cidade de São Paulo produzidas ao longo da década de 1950, percebe-se uma importante mudança no sentimento hegemônico em relação a ele. No início da década, o futuro da cidade era visto com otimismo e dominantemente representado como o de um crescimento contínuo e ilimitado. No final da década, em contraste, continuava-se imaginando que o destino da metrópole seria crescer indefinidamente, mas isso passara a ser motivo de preocupação e pessimismo. A passagem de um sentimento ao outro é marcada, em um primeiro momento, pelo acirramento das discussões entre urbanistas que ocupavam posições importantes no campo político. No entanto, foi a partir da entrada vigorosadas ciências humanas nos debates sobre a cidade, que o pessimismo se consolidou como sentimento dominante. Como se procura argumentar ao longo do artigo, amudança dos ânimos não foi fruto exclusivo da argumentação dos cientistas sociais e veio acompanhada de transformações na divisão do trabalho de dominação: figuras antes importantes nos debates sobre a cidade perderam espaço para um grupo de novos intelectuais, que se impuseram e passaram a controlar o debate público sobre São Paulo.
Visible-light optical coherence tomography-based multimodal system for quantitative fundus autofluorescence imaging
Authors: Nafar Zahra , Wen Rong , Jiao Shuliang 
Published: November 2018

Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is commonly used in ophthalmic clinics for diagnosis and monitoring of retinal diseases. Lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), with A2E as its most abundant component and a visual cycle by-product, is the major fluorophore of FAF. Lipofuscin accumulates with age and is implicated in degenerative retinal diseases. The amount of lipofuscin in RPE can be assessed by quantitative measurement of FAF. However, the currently available FAF imaging technologies are not capable of quantifying the absolute intensity of FAF, which is essential for comparing images from different individuals, and from the same individual over time. One major technical difficulty is to compensate the signal attenuation by ocular media anterior to the RPE (pre-RPE media). FAF intensity is also influenced by fluctuations in imaging conditions such as illumination power and detector sensitivity, all of which need to be compensated. In this review, we present the concept and research progress of using visible-light optical coherence tomography-based simultaneous multimodal retinal imaging to compensate signal attenuation by pre-RPE media and the influence of parameters of the acquisition system for accurate measurement of FAF intensities. Impact statement Quantitative fundus autofluorescence imaging with simultaneous visible-light optical coherence tomography-based multimodal technology has potential significant impact on the diagnosis and monitoring the progression of retinal diseases.
Trientine selectively delivers copper to the heart and suppresses pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Chen Chen , Liu Yinjie , Sun Xiaorong , Ding Xueqin , Qiu Liying , Han Pengfei , James Kang Y 
Published: November 2018

Dietary copper supplementation reverses pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by copper replenishment in the heart. A copper-selective chelator, trientine (triethylenetetramine [TETA]), reverses left ventricular hypertrophy associated with diabetes also by copper replenishment in the heart. The present study was undertaken to address the critical issue how TETA delivers copper to the heart. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce cardiac hypertrophy. Eight weeks after the TAC surgery, cardiac hypertrophy was developed and copper content in the heart was reduced. TETA was then administrated by gavage in two different dosages (21.9 or 87.6 mg/kg day) for six weeks. The results showed that in the lower dosage, TETA replenished copper contents in the heart, along with a decrease in the copper concentration in the blood and kidney, and an increase in the urine. In the higher dosage, TETA did not replenish copper contents in the heart, but markedly increased copper concentrations in the urine and decreased those in the blood and kidney. Neither lower nor higher TETA dosage altered copper concentrations in other organs. Corresponding to myocardial copper replenishment, the lower dose TETA suppresses cardiac hypertrophy, as judged by a reduction in the left ventricle wall thickness and a decrease in the heart size, and diminished cardiac fibrosis, as reflected by a decrease in collagen I content. TETA in the higher dose not only did not suppress cardiac hypertrophy, but also caused cardiac hypertrophy in sham-operated rats. TETA-mediated myocardial copper restoration is independent of copper transporter-1 or -2 but related to an energy-dependent transportation. This study demonstrates that low-dose TETA functions as a copper chaperone, selectively delivering copper to the copper-deprived heart through an active transportation; in higher doses, TETA simply retains its chelator function, removing copper from the body by urinary excretion. Impact statement Our study reveals that TETA, traditionally regarded as a copper chelator, in lower doses delivers copper selectively to the heart through a mechanism independent of copper transporter-1 or -2. Copper supplementation by a lower dose of TETA suppresses pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Since ischemic heart disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are accompanied by myocardial copper loss, this approach of using a lower dose of TETA to supplement copper to the heart would help treat the disease condition of patients with such cardiac events.
Circulating platelet-neutrophil aggregates as risk factor for deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Zhou Jingyi , Xu Erwen , Shao Kang , Shen Wenyan , Gu Yi , Li Min , Shen Wei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Platelet-neutrophil aggregates (PNAs) are fundamental mechanisms linking hemostasis and inflammatory processes. Elevated level of PNAs have been reported in inflammatory diseases and coronary artery diseases. However, studies on the correlation between PNAs formation and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) are not available.

Methods
A total of 92 participants were involved in this study, including 32 cases with DVT and 60 cases without DVT. Blood samples coagulated by K2-EDTA or sodium citrate were prepared for blood cell count and blood smears. PNAs and platelet activation were measured using flow cytometry. The correlation between platelet activation level and PNAs level was analyzed by linear regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed, assessing the prognostic performance of PNAs to predict potential risk of DVT occurrence.

Results
PNAs was found in the blood smears of patients with DVT. Significant increased level of PNAs was identified in DVT group (medium 8.43%, interquartile range [IQR] 4.11%–15.69%), compared with that in control group (5.16%, IQR 2.40–9.60, p<0.01). The DVT group also showed a dramatic elevated level of total platelet activation (medium 16.06%, IQR 6.04–22.05) vs. control group (11.26%, IQR 5.54–19.99, p<0.05). The PNAs level was correlated with total platelet activation (r2=0.58, p<0.0001). A significantly high odds ratio (OR) of DVT occurrence was identified when the level of PNAs was higher than 7.4% (OR 3.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.463–8.838, p<0.01).

Conclusions
An elevated level of PNAs was associated with risk of DVT occurrence, which might be a suitable marker predicting DVT development.
Passione e immaginazione in Lucrezio: il caso dell’inganno onirico
Authors: Masi Francesca G. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Lucretius devotes some sections of his De rerum natura to the treatment of dreams. He is particularly interested in the phenomenon of dream deception, namely the belief that the dreamt object is the object itself. This psychological phenomenon has some both unwanted and philosophically interesting implications. Firstly, from an ethical point of view, it can stimulate uncontrolled worries and feelings in the dreamer that undermine his/her mental tranquility and health. Secondly, from a physiological perspective, it seems to reveal a failure in the mechanism undergoing the formation of mental representation. Thirdly, from the epistemological point of view, it seems to compromise the veracity of mental representations. This paper aims to explain how Lucretius dealt with this phenomenon. In particular, it will show how he succeeded, on the one hand, to explain the nature and the origin of dream deception and of its emotional aspect, and, on the other hand, to preserve the informative contents of dreams and their correspondence to reality. For this purpose the present essay will address the following issues: (1) which is the condition of the soul and of the mind while sleeping; (2) what kind of mental activity is dreaming; (3) which is the nature and the origin of the simulacra responsible for dreams; (4) which is the contents of dreams and how dream deception comes about; (5) and finally why and how dream deception emotionally effects the dreamer.