bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between dimensions of the psychosocial and physical work environment and latent smoking trajectories: a 16-year cohort study of the Canadian workforce
Authors: Dobson Kathleen G , Gilbert-Ouimet Mahée , Mustard Cameron A , Smith Peter M 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the number of latent smoking trajectories among Canadians employed in the workforce over a 16-year period, and if latent trajectories in dimensions of the physical and psychosocial work environment were associated with specific smoking trajectories.MethodsWe studied 5461 employed adults from the longitudinal Canadian National Population Health Survey. Daily cigarette consumption was measured biannually from 1994 to 2010. Work environment factors (skill discretion, decision authority, psychological demands, job insecurity, physical exertion and workplace social support) were measured in 1994 and then from 2000 to 2010 using an abbreviated form of the Job Content Questionnaire. Smoking and work environment trajectories were derived using group-based trajectory modelling. Associations between work environment trajectory classes and smoking trajectory classes were estimated using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsFour latent smoking trajectories were seen: non-smokers; ceasing smokers (consuming ~14 cigarettes/day in 1994 and 0 in 2008–2010); smokers (consuming ~7 cigarettes/day between 1994 and 2010); and heavy smokers (consuming ~22 cigarettes/day in 1994 and ~14 in 2010). Lower skill discretion, high psychological demands, high physical exertion and low social support trajectories were associated with membership in the heavy smoking trajectory compared with the non-smoking trajectory. Low decision authority, high psychological demands and high physical exertion trajectories were associated with membership in the ceasing compared with the non-smoking trajectory.ConclusionsCertain physical and psychosocial work environment trajectories were associated with heavy and ceasing smoking behaviours over a 16-year period. The role of the work environment should be further considered in smoking cessation programmes.
Novel ICD Programming and Inappropriate ICD Therapy in CRT-D Versus ICD Patients
Authors: Kutyifa Valentina , Daubert James P. , Schuger Claudio , Goldenberg Ilan , Klein Helmut , Aktas Mehmet K. , McNitt Scott , Stockburger Martin , Merkely Bela , Zareba Wojciech , Moss Arthur J. 
Published: September 2018

Background—
The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial–Reduce Inappropriate therapy (MADIT-RIT) trial showed a significant reduction in inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy in patients programmed to high-rate cut-off (Arm B) or delayed ventricular tachycardia therapy (Arm C), compared with conventional programming (Arm A). There is limited data on the effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy with a cardioverter defibrillator (CRT-D) on the effect of ICD programming. We aimed to elucidate the effect of CRT-D on ICD programming to reduce inappropriate ICD therapy in patients implanted with CRT-D or an ICD, enrolled in MADIT-RIT.

Methods and Results—

The primary end point of this study was the first inappropriate ICD therapy. Secondary end points were inappropriate anti-tachycardia pacing and inappropriate ICD shock. The study enrolled 742 (49%) patients with an ICD and 757 (51%) patients with a CRT-D. Patients implanted with a CRT-D had 62% lower risk of inappropriate ICD therapy than those with an ICD only (hazard ratio [HR] =0.38, 95% confidence interval: 0.25–0.57;
P
<0.001). High-rate cut-off or delayed ventricular tachycardia therapy programming significantly reduced the risk of inappropriate ICD therapy compared with conventional ICD programming in ICD (HR=0.14 [B versus A]; HR=0.21 [C versus A]) and CRT-D patients (HR=0.15 [B versus A]; HR=0.23 [C versus A];
P
<0.001 for all). There was a significant reduction in inappropriate anti-tachycardia pacings in both group and a significant reduction in inappropriate ICD shock in CRT-D patients.

Conclusions—
Patients implanted with a CRT-D have lower risk of inappropriate ICD therapy than those with an ICD. Innovative ICD programming significantly reduces the risk of inappropriate ICD therapy in both ICD and CRT-D patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

http:
//clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00947310.
Quantification of Left Ventricular Function With Premature Ventricular Complexes Reveals Variable Hemodynamics
Authors: Contijoch Francisco , Rogers Kelly , Rears Hannah , Shahid Mohammed , Kellman Peter , Gorman Joseph , Gorman Robert C. , Yushkevich Paul , Zado Erica S. , Supple Gregory E. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Witschey Walter R.T. , Han Yuchi 
Published: September 2018

Background—
Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are prevalent in the general population and are sometimes associated with reduced ventricular function. Current echocardiographic and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging techniques do not adequately address the effect of PVCs on left ventricular function.

Methods and Results—
Fifteen subjects with a history of frequent PVCs undergoing cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging had real-time slice volume quantification performed using a 2-dimensional (2D) real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging technique. Synchronization of 2D real-time imaging with patient ECG allowed for different beats to be categorized by the loading beat RR duration and beat RR duration. For each beat type, global volumes were quantified via summation over all slices covering the entire ventricle. Different patterns of ectopy, including isolated PVCs, bigeminy, trigeminy, and interpolated PVCs, were observed. Global functional measurement of the different beat types based on timing demonstrated differences in preload, stroke volume, and ejection fraction. An average of hemodynamic function was quantified for each subject depending on the frequency of each observed beat type.

Conclusions—
Application of real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with PVCs revealed differential contribution of PVCs to hemodynamics.
Incremental Value of Left Atrial Geometric Remodeling in Predicting Late Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Pulmonary Vein Isolation: A Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Nakamori Shiro , Ngo Long H. , Tugal Derin , Manning Warren J. , Nezafat Reza 
Published: September 2018

Background

Left atrial (
LA
) enlargement is a marker for increased risk of atrial fibrillation (
AF
). However,
LA
remodeling is a complex process that is poorly understood, and
LA
geometric remodeling may also be associated with the development of
AF
. We sought to determine whether
LA
spherical remodeling or its temporal change predict late
AF
recurrence after pulmonary vein isolation (
PVI
).

Methods and Results

Two hundred twenty‐seven consecutive patients scheduled for their first
PVI
for paroxysmal or persistent
AF
who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance before and within 6 months after
PVI
were retrospectively identified. The LA sphericity index was computed as the ratio of the measured
LA
maximum volume to the volume of a sphere with maximum
LA
length diameter. During mean follow‐up of 25 months, 88 patients (39%) experienced late recurrence of
AF
. Multivariable Cox regression analyses identified an increased pre‐
PVI LA
sphericity index as an independent predictor of late
AF
recurrence (hazard ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.62,
P
=0.009). Patients in the highest
LA
sphericity index tertile were at highest risk of late recurrence (highest versus lowest: 59% versus 28%;
P
<0.001). The integration of the
LA
sphericity index to the
LA
minimum volume index and passive emptying fraction provided important incremental prognostic information for predicting late
AF
recurrence post
PVI
(categorical net reclassification improvement, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.16–0.69,
P
=0.001).

Conclusions

The assessment of pre‐
PVI LA
geometric remodeling provides incremental prognostic information regarding late
AF
recurrence and may be useful to identify those for whom
PVI
has reduced success or for whom more aggressive ablation or medications may be useful.
Comparison Between Aspirin and Clopidogrel in Secondary Stroke Prevention Based on Real‐World Data
Authors: Chi Nai‐Fang , Wen Chi‐Pang , Liu Chung‐Hsiang , Li Jie‐Yuan , Jeng Jiann‐Shing , Chen Chih‐Hung , Lien Li‐Ming , Lin Ching‐Huang , Sun Yu , Chang Wei‐Lun , Hu Chaur‐Jong , Hsu Chung Y. ,   Taiwan Stroke Registry Investigators
Published: September 2018

Background
Clopidogrel was thought to be superior to aspirin for secondary prevention of vascular diseases in clinical trials. In this study we assessed the safety and efficacy of clopidogrel versus aspirin in real‐world practice by using the Taiwan Stroke Registry.

Methods and Results

Patients with ischemic stroke (2006–2016) on aspirin or clopidogrel for secondary stroke prevention were identified in the Taiwan Stroke Registry. Stroke recurrence and mortality rates in patients receiving aspirin (N=34 679) were compared with those receiving clopidogrel (N=7611) during a 12‐month follow‐up period. Propensity score matching and conditional Cox proportional hazards regression model were applied to control confounding factors with 6443 patients in each group. After propensity score matching, stroke recurrence rates were comparable between groups, with 223 patients in the aspirin (3.46%) and 244 in the clopidogrel group (3.79%) (hazard ratio=1.13, 95% confidence interval=0.89–1.43,
P
=0.311). However, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the clopidogrel group (362 patients, 5.62%) than in the aspirin group (302 patients, 4.69%) (hazard ratio=1.30, 95% confidence interval=1.07–1.58,
P
=0.008). Results were consistent before and after propensity score matching.

Conclusions
Clopidogrel was as effective as aspirin for prevention of recurrent stroke in real‐world practice. However, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the clopidogrel than in the aspirin group.
CRISPR‐Mediated Expression of the Fetal
Scn5a
Isoform in Adult Mice Causes Conduction Defects and Arrhythmias
Authors: Pang Paul D. , Alsina Katherina M. , Cao Shuyi , Koushik Amrita B. , Wehrens Xander H.T. , Cooper Thomas A. 
Published: September 2018

Background

The sodium channel, Na
v
1.5, encoded by

SCN
5A

, undergoes developmentally regulated splicing from inclusion of exon 6A in the fetal heart to exon 6B in adults. These mutually exclusive exons differ in 7 amino acids altering the electrophysiological properties of the Na
v
1.5 channel. In myotonic dystrophy type 1,

SCN
5A

is mis‐spliced such that the fetal pattern of exon 6A inclusion is detected in adult hearts. Cardiac manifestations of myotonic dystrophy type 1 include conduction defects and arrhythmias and are the second‐leading cause of death.

Methods and Results

This work aimed to determine the impact of

SCN
5A

mis‐splicing on cardiac function. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (
CRISPR)
/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) to delete
Scn5a
exon 6B in mice, thereby redirecting splicing toward exon 6A. These mice exhibit prolonged
PR
and
QRS
intervals, slowed conduction velocity, extended action potential duration, and are highly susceptible to arrhythmias.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight a nonmutational pathological mechanism of arrhythmias and conduction defects as a result of mis‐splicing of the predominant cardiac sodium channel. Animals homozygous for the deleted exon express only the fetal isoform and have more‐severe phenotypes than heterozygotes that also express the adult isoform. This observation is directly relevant to myotonic dystrophy type 1, and possibly pathological arrhythmias, in which individuals differ with regard to the ratios of the isoforms expressed.
War
Authors: Glants Musya 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
When Germany declared war on the Soviet Union, for me, a child, the world turned upside down to become an alien condition of cruelty and death, hunger and fear. Evacuated, our family faced the War far away from Riga, our hometown, in Uzbekistan—with its strange and unfamiliar landscapes, exotic people, and very different lifestyle. Normal life ended long before the outbreak of World War II.
Low-Grade Papillary Schneiderian Carcinoma of the Sinonasal Cavity and Temporal Bone
Authors: Brown C. Scott , Abi Hachem Ralph , Pendse Avani , Madden John F. , Francis Howard W. 
Published: September 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to further characterize a newly described neoplasm, low-grade papillary Schneiderian carcinoma, occurring simultaneously in the sinonasal cavity and mastoid. Additionally, the authors review the only 2 similar cases within the literature and describe the common clinical features, radiographic findings, and pathologic characteristics of this exceptionally rare disease process. Methods: Chart review for single patient, review of literature. Results: The patient presented with bilateral nasal obstruction. Computed tomography revealed a left sinonasal mass with skull base hyperostosis, and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging showed a concomitant olfactory groove meningioma. Examination showed a bilateral, completely obstructing sinonasal mass with skip areas, and biopsy confirmed inverted papilloma (human papilloma virus strains 16 and 18 indeterminate). The patient underwent bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery, left medial maxillectomy, and left partial nasopharyngectomy. Given her multifocal disease, she was advised that she would require additional excision, but was lost to follow up. One year later she developed acute left facial paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an enhancing mass in the left mastoid with enhancement along the Eustachian tube in addition to her known recurrent sinonasal disease. Simultaneous endoscopic sinus surgery and mastoidectomy were performed. Polypoid tissue was removed from the nasopharynx, mesotympanum, epitympanum, and retrofacial air cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that cells stained positive for p63 and dermCK and negative for synaptophysin. Morphologically, cells were bland, without classic stromal invasion, retaining their smooth, cystic, and papillary features, despite their increased depth within the tissue. Upon further review and consultation with an outside pathologist, a diagnosis of low-grade papillary Schneiderian carcinoma was made. The patient was referred for radiation therapy and is disease free at 3-month follow-up, with return of her facial function. Conclusions: This case represents the first report of concurrent low-grade papillary Schneiderian carcinoma of both the nasal cavity and mastoid. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing this new entity through pathologic analysis and suspecting it when the clinical course does not follow an expected pattern.
Send more data: a systematic review of mathematical models of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Birkegård Anna Camilla , Halasa Tariq , Toft Nils , Folkesson Anders , Græsbøll Kaare 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem that demands all possible means to control it. Mathematical modelling is a valuable tool for understanding the mechanisms of AMR development and spread, and can help us to investigate and propose novel control strategies. However, it is of vital importance that mathematical models have a broad utility, which can be assured if good modelling practice is followed.

Objective
The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive systematic review of published models of AMR development and spread. Furthermore, the study aimed to identify gaps in the knowledge required to develop useful models.

Methods
The review comprised a comprehensive literature search with 38 selected studies. Information was extracted from the selected papers using an adaptation of previously published frameworks, and was evaluated using the TRACE good modelling practice guidelines.

Results
None of the selected papers fulfilled the TRACE guidelines. We recommend that future mathematical models should: a) model the biological processes mechanistically, b) incorporate uncertainty and variability in the system using stochastic modelling, c) include a sensitivity analysis and model external and internal validation.

Conclusion
Many mathematical models of AMR development and spread exist. There is still a lack of knowledge about antimicrobial resistance, which restricts the development of useful mathematical models.
Association between household dietary diversity and nutritional status of children (6–36 months) in Wenchi Municipality, Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana
Authors: Wemakor Anthony , Laari Joyce 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
One in five Ghanaian children is chronically malnourished. Childhood undernutrition remains a public health concern in Ghana; therefore, research is needed to identify modifiable risk factors to inform health programming. This study evaluated household dietary diversity (HDD) as a determinant of nutritional status of pre-school children in Wenchi Municipality, Ghana.

Methods
An analytical cross-sectional study involving 590 mother-child pairs was conducted in Wenchi Municipality. A two-stage cluster sampling procedure was used; clusters were first selected followed by the selection of children using simple random sampling. Socio-demographic, dietary, and anthropometric data were collected in face-to-face interviews. HDD scores were calculated using data from 24-h dietary recalls based on 12 standard food groups consumed by the households in the past 24 h preceding the survey and categorised into low (1–5 food groups) and high (6–12 food groups) HDD categories using the mean HDD score. Anthropometric indices (stunting, wasting, and underweight) were defined as anthropometric z-scores < − 2 standard deviations using the WHO growth standards. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to study the association between HDD categories and stunting or wasting while controlling for potential confounders.

Results
The mean age of the respondents was 27.3 [95% confidence interval = 26.8–27.8] years, and majority of them (58.3%) were within the age group 20–29 years. The prevalence rates of stunting, wasting, and underweight in the children were 38.6%, 11.0%, and 13.1%, respectively, while 36.4% of the households had low dietary diversity. There was no association between HDD categories and stunting (adjusted OR = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79–1.76, p = 0.409) or wasting (adjusted OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.54–1.73, p = 0.910).

Conclusions
There was a high prevalence of stunting in children and many households consumed less diverse diet in Wenchi Municipality. There is a lack of evidence of an association between HDD and stunting or wasting in the population studied. Interventions to improve child growth and HDD are needed to promote and protect child health.
Genital Reconstructive Surgery in Females With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Almasri Jehad , Zaiem Feras , Rodriguez-Gutierrez Rene , Tamhane Shrikant U , Iqbal Anoop Mohamed , Prokop Larry J , Speiser Phyllis W , Baskin Laurence S , Bancos Irina , Murad M Hassan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and atypical genitalia often undergo complex surgeries; however, their outcomes remain largely uncertain.

Methods
We searched several databases through 8 March 2016 for studies evaluating genital reconstructive surgery in females with CAH. Reviewers working independently and in duplicate selected and appraised the studies.

Results
We included 29 observational studies (1178 patients, mean age at surgery, 2.7 ± 4.7 years; mostly classic CAH). After an average follow-up of 10.3 years, most patients who had undergone surgery had a female gender identity (88.7%) and were heterosexual (76.2%). Females who underwent surgery reported a sexual function score of 25.13 using the Female Sexual Function Index (maximum score, 36). Many patients continued to complain of substantial impairment of sensitivity in the clitoris, vaginal penetration difficulties, and low intercourse frequency. Most patients were sexually active, although only 48% reported comfortable intercourse. Most patients (79.4%) and treating health care professionals (71.8%) were satisfied with the surgical outcomes. Vaginal stenosis was common (27%), and other surgical complications, such as fistulas, urinary incontinence, and urinary tract infections, were less common. Data on quality of life were sparse and inconclusive.

Conclusion
The long-term follow-up of females with CAH who had undergone urogenital reconstructive surgery shows variable sexual function. Most patients were sexually active and satisfied with the surgical outcomes; however, some patients still complained of impairment in sexual experience and satisfaction. The certainty in the available evidence is very low.
Perioperative Outcomes and Surgical Case Volume in Pediatric Complex Cranial Vault Reconstruction: A Multicenter Observational Study From the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group
Authors: Fernandez Allison M. , Reddy Srijaya K. , Gordish-Dressman Heather , Muldowney Bridget L. , Martinez José Luis , Chiao Franklin , Stricker Paul A. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Complex cranial vault reconstruction (CCVR) performed to treat craniosynostosis can be associated with significant blood loss, transfusion, and perioperative complications. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of CCVR surgical case volume on perioperative outcomes. We hypothesized that surgical case volume is not associated with differences in perioperative outcomes. The study primary outcome was total perioperative blood donor exposures. Secondary outcomes included the total perioperative transfusion volume, major complications, and intensive care unit and hospital length of stay.

METHODS:
The multicenter Pediatric Surgery Perioperative Registry was queried for infants and children undergoing CCVR between June 2012 and September 2016. Institutions were categorized into low, middle, or high surgical case volume groups based on tertiles of the average number of cases performed per month. Primary and secondary outcomes were analyzed with respect to these groupings.

RESULTS:
The query yielded 1814 CCVR cases from 33 institutions. Demographics were similar among the 3 study groups. An inverse relationship between surgical case volume and total perioperative blood donor exposures was observed (P < .001). The low-volume group had higher perioperative transfusion volumes (P = .02 versus middle; P = .01 versus high). There was no significant relationship between surgical case volume and the incidence of major postoperative complications or hospital length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, low surgical case volumes were associated with increased total blood donor exposures and increased perioperative transfusion volumes. Hospital length of stay was homogeneous in the 3 groups, suggesting a limited overall clinical impact of the observed transfusion outcome differences.