bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element analysis of two‐level discontinuous cervical hybrid revision surgery strategy to reduce biomechanical responses of adjacent segments
Authors: Liang Weishi , Sun Duan , Han Bo , Yang Yihan , Yin Peng , Hai Yong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHybrid surgery (HS) combined cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is emerging, but its biomechanical effects as a revision surgery (RS) on adjacent segments were unclear.ObjectivesThis finite element (FE) study aimed to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of HS to treat two‐level discontinuous ASD in ACDF RS.MethodsA C2‐T1 intact FE model was established and modified to a primary C5/6 ACDF model and five RS models. These RS models' segments C4/5 and C6/7 were revised using cage plus plate (C), zero‐profile devices (P), and Bryan disc (D), respectively, generating C‐C‐C, P‐C‐P, D‐C‐P, P‐C‐D, and D‐C‐D models. In the intact and C5/6 ACDF models, a 1.0 Nm moment was used to produce the range of motion (ROM). A displacement load was applied to all RS models, to achieve a total ROM match that of the primary C5/6 ACDF model.ResultsIn the P‐C‐P model, biomechanical responses including ROM, Intradiscal pressure (IDP), Facet joint force (FJF), and Maximum von Mises stresses of discs at segments C3/4 and C7/T1 were slightly lower than the C‐C‐C model. The biomechanical response parameters at segments C3/4 and C7/T1 of P‐C‐D, D‐C‐P, and D‐C‐D were smaller than those in C‐C‐C and P‐C‐P models. D‐C‐D had the most significant effect on reducing all biomechanical responses among all RS models in segments C3/4 and C7/T1. Moreover, the disc stress cloud maps showed that the maximum von Mises stress of the C3/4 disc was higher than that of C7/T1.ConclusionsD‐C‐D, P‐C‐D, and D‐C‐P are good RS choices for reducing the biomechanical responses, and D‐C‐D was the best choice. P‐C‐P can be the best recommendation when it does not meet the CDA indications. This study provided a biomechanical reference for hybrid surgical decision‐making in the ACDF RS for preventing ASD recurrence.
Safety of Small‐Diameter Endotracheal Tubes in Microlaryngeal Surgery
Authors: Strober William A. , Enin Kwasi , Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Jay F. , Komen Helga , Rohlfing Matthew L. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesMicrolaryngeal surgeries require unique considerations for airway management to facilitate patient safety and adequate surgical exposure. Small‐diameter endotracheal tubes (ETTs) are widely used but have raised concerns regarding patient safety, including questions about the potential for barotrauma, effective ventilation, and adequate oxygenation. We hypothesize that small ETTs will prove to be safe in a variety of cases.MethodsWe conducted a case series analyzing the safety of 5.0 ETTs in microlaryngeal surgeries at Washington University School of Medicine from November 2020 to November 2023. Outcome measures included intraoperative desaturations (SpO2 < 90% for >2 min), high peak inspiratory pressures (PIPs) (>40 cm H2O), and prolonged extubation times (>15 min). Univariate regression models were used to analyze associations of sociodemographic and clinical variables with these outcome measures.ResultsThis study included 76 small‐ETT microlaryngeal surgeries. There were 5 instances of desaturations, no reported incidents of barotrauma, and no cases in which intraoperative tube exchange was required due to issues with oxygenation or ventilation. Median PIP was 38 cm H2O, with a range of 17–78 cm H2O. 46% of patients had a PIP above 40 cm H2O. There were prolonged extubation times in 14% of procedures. No association was shown between sociodemographic and clinical variables with risk of desaturations, high PIPs, or prolonged extubation times.ConclusionOur study suggests that 5.0 ETTs are safe for microlaryngeal surgery in a variety of patients. Otolaryngologists and anesthesiologists should consider this information when choosing between the multiple available options for airway management during microlaryngeal surgery.Level of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Machine learning‐based estimation of respiratory fluctuations in a healthy adult population using resting state BOLD fMRI and head motion parameters
Authors: Addeh Abdoljalil , Vega Fernando , Morshedi Amin , Williams Rebecca J. , Pike G. Bruce , MacDonald M. Ethan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeExternal physiological monitoring is the primary approach to measure and remove effects of low‐frequency respiratory variation from BOLD‐fMRI signals. However, the acquisition of clean external respiratory data during fMRI is not always possible, so recent research has proposed using machine learning to directly estimate respiratory variation (RV), potentially obviating the need for external monitoring. In this study, we propose an extended method for reconstructing RV waveforms directly from resting state BOLD‐fMRI data in healthy adult participants with the inclusion of both BOLD signals and derived head motion parameters.MethodsIn the proposed method, 1D convolutional neural networks (1D‐CNNs) used BOLD signals and head motion parameters to reconstruct the RV waveform for the whole fMRI scan time. Resting‐state fMRI data and associated respiratory records from the Human Connectome Project in Young Adults (HCP‐YA) dataset are used to train and test the proposed method.ResultsCompared to using only BOLD‐fMRI data for a CNN input, this approach yielded improvements of 14% in mean absolute error, 24% in mean square error, 14% in correlation, and 12% in dynamic time warping. When tested on independent datasets, the method demonstrated generalizability, even in data with different TRs and physiological conditions.ConclusionThis study shows that the respiratory variations could be reconstructed from BOLD‐fMRI data in the young adult population, and its accuracy could be improved using supportive data such as head motion parameters. The method also performed well on independent datasets with different experimental conditions.
Es fließt im Mittelstand
Authors: Mesmoudi Youri , Piechot Alexander , Kuwertz Rafael , Piepenbrock Marc‐Oliver , Kretzschmar Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrei Unternehmen erleichtern zusammen mittelständisch geprägten Firmen, in Flowchemie einzusteigen und diese betriebswirtschaftlich sinnvoll zu nutzen. So lassen sich beispielsweise Aromastoffe schneller als bisher produzieren, und die Anlagen benötigen weniger Platz.
Antifungal activity mechanisms of venturicidin A against Botrytis cinerea contributes to the control of gray mould
Authors: Hu Lifang , Dong Xiaomin , Jia Ruimin , Chen Jing , Cao Shang , Tian Lin , Sun Yan , Wang Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDGray mould caused by Botrytis cinerea, an airborne phytopathogenic pathogen, infects many economically important fruits and vegetables. Secondary metabolic products of microorganisms are potential resources for developing fungicide alternatives. Venturicidin A (VentA) is produced by a biocontrol strain Streptomyces pratensis S10. Although a broad spectrum of antifungal activity has been reported for VentA, little is known about its antifungal mechanisms against B. cinerea.RESULTSVenturicidin A exhibited a strong hyphal inhibition of B. cinerea with an EC50 (effective concentration causing 50% growth inhibition) value of 1.08 μg mL−1 on PDA medium. Different concentrations of VentA inhibited spore germination with an inhibition rate of 49–86%. Venturicidin A also displayed protective and curative activity against the development of B. cinerea infection on tomato fruit, reducing disease incidence by ≈28–78%. Additionally, VentA effectively reduced the disease index and lesion length of gray mould on tomato plant. Meanwhile, VentA downregulated the expression levels of six genes related to pathogenicity in B. cinerea. As observed by scanning electron microscopy, B. cinerea spores and hyphae are abnormal after treatment with VentA. Propidium iodide staining revealed that VentA destroyed cell membrane integrity, causing cytoplasmic leakage. Furthermore, VentA induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and upregulated the genes encoding subunits for NADPH oxidase in B. cinerea.CONCLUSIONThis study indicated that VentA displayed strong inhibitory activity against B. cinerea and effectively reduced gray mould disease. Thus, VentA has the potential to manage gray mould caused by B. cinerea. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mechanochemical Synthesis of Carbazole Isomer Phosphors
Authors: Xu Xinyue , Guo Xinlei , Chen Zijian , Ding Dong , Liu Kunkun , Su Shijian , Yu Liangmin , Sun Mingliang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe 1H‐benzo[f]indole (Bd[f]), a carbazole (Cz) isomer is first reported as the source of Cz‐based phosphors in 2020. In this work, the novel carbazole isomers, 1H‐benzo[g]indole (Bd[g]) based derivatives, are synthesized by a one‐step solvent‐free mechanical ball milling reaction, establishing a facile, efficient, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of new Cz isomer phosphorescent derivatives with high yields compared to previously reported multi‐step solvent‐based thermochemical synthesis routes of Bd[f] derivatives with low yields. Six Bd[g] derivatives with different substituents, namely OCH3–Bd, In–Bd, Bn–Bd, F–Bd, Cl–Bd, and Br–Bd, are synthesized, which exhibit distinctly different single‐crystal structures and phosphorescent properties. After irradiation with 365 nm UV light, Bd[g] derivatives‐doped poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films exhibit photoactivated green room‐temperature phosphorescence with ultra‐long lifetimes up to 1.65 s. Interestingly, the phosphorescence is stable in seawater along with good bactericidal properties, which also provide new candidates for indole‐based marine antifoulants. This study demonstrates that mechanical ball milling is an efficient method for the synthesis of benzoindole heterocycles. Bd[g], as new members of the benzoindole family, are new building units to construct carbazole isomer phosphorescent molecules besides Bd[f].
Customized Cyan Phosphors for Efficient Full‐Spectrum Illumination and Fingerprint Detection
Authors: Lu Zheng , Peng Guan , Sun Dashuai , Lyu Zeyu , Zhang Xiaowei , Luo Pengcheng , Zhou Luhui , Chen Chunchun , Xu Qingxian , Cheng Fuxiang , You Hongpeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTraditional lighting methods have environmental and efficiency drawbacks. These methods are gradually being overshadowed by light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) because of their superior color rendering and energy efficiency. In this study, color‐tunable NaBa2(Ba/Sr/Ca)Si2O7F:Eu2+ phosphors are successfully designed by modulating the local crystal field environment through homodominant‐group cation substitution, thereby allowing for a spectral shift from blue to bright cyan. Detailed structural analysis of the samples demonstrated the synthesis of high‐quality solid‐solution materials. A comprehensive examination of the phosphor crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, and fluorescence lifetime reveal that the cyan phosphor possesses a remarkable internal quantum efficiency (IQE = 93%) and low thermal quenching characteristics (I423 K/I303 K = 84%). The results illustrate the critical role of Eu2+‐activated cyan phosphors in reducing the spectral gap to attain a natural white‐light spectrum, which is indispensable for achieving high color fidelity. The practical application of cyan phosphors in the fabrication of high‐performance white LED (WLED) (Ra = 96.8) and fingerprint detection is validated, demonstrating their extensive utility in enhancing visual accuracy and identification.
Active Site Customizing of Metal–Organic Materials for Highly Efficient Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Sun Na , Si Xiuwen , Wei Xiaoqi , Zhou Xue , Yu Han , Ding Fu , Kong Xiangru , Sun Yaguang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElucidating the correlation of active sites and catalytic activity in multi‐component metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is key to understanding the mechanism of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet it remains nebulous. Herein, a direct pathway combining theoretical prediction with anchoring high‐valence metals is proposed on MOFs to reveal the mechanism of the OER reaction. Density functional theory (DFT) predicts that the co‐modulation by Mo and Co atoms can enhance the conductance of CoMOF and optimize the adsorption‐free energies of the OER intermediates. Guided by the theoretical prediction, the Co‐based MOFs grown on Ni foams are doped with high valence Mo, which is used as model catalysts for the quantitative study of the composition‐dependent OER performance. With Co/Mo in the ratio of 5:1 for the highest OER activity (impressively overpotential of 324 mV at 100 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 96.07 mV dec−1) and excellent stability (maintains for 200 h at 100 mA cm−2), the catalysts in this work is superior to commercial benchmarks electrocatalysts (RuO2/NF, 420 mV, 199.12 mV dec−1). This work sheds light on the tailoring of the active sites of MOFs, which is highly correlated with the activity of the OER.
Novel Gel method MXene‐Supported Dual‐Site PtNi‐NiO for Electrocatalytic Water Reduction and Urea Oxidation
Authors: Shi Xintong , Zhou Dingyanyan , Chen Guilin , An Pengfei , Zhang Jing , Li Youyong , Liu Shengzhong (F.) , Yan Junqing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompared to the traditional oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) generally exhibits a lower overpotential during the electrolytic process, which is conducive to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode. The superior structure and abundant sites play a crucial role in promoting the adsorption and cleavage of urea molecules. Therefore, this paper introduces a simple metal cation‐induced gelation method to prepare an electrocatalyst with PtNi alloy‐NiO dual sites supported on Ti3C2Tx, which simultaneously exhibits excellent UOR and HER performance. PtNi‐NiOx/Ti3C2Tx demonstrates good catalytic activity for the urea oxidation reaction, requiring only 1.364 V (overpotential of 0.994 V) to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in UOR, and also exhibits remarkable catalytic activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction, with PtNi‐NiOx/Ti3C2Tx achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in HER with only 24 mV of overpotential. In the UOR//HER two‐electrode electrolysis cell, it requires only 1.361 and 1.538 V to reach current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the dual active sites can intelligently adsorb the electron‐donating/electron‐withdrawing groups in urea molecules, activate chemical bonds, and thereby initiate urea decomposition.
Integration of Metal‐Organic Frameworks into Hydrogels: Optimizing Their Properties and Applications
Authors: Zhou Wenjie , Tian Mengfei , Wang Haoran , Qi Zihan , Yuan Huizheng , Zhong Linlin , Sun Xiyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, MOFs hydrogels have attracted extensive attention due to their unique structure and excellent performance. MOF‐based hydrogels combine the highly ordered pore structure and tunability of MOF with the biocompatibility and flexibility of hydrogels, and are widely used in environmental governance, sensors, and biomedicine. In this review, we mainly summarize the synthesis methods, structural characteristics and mechanical properties of MOF‐based hydrogels, and the specific applications of MOF‐based hydrogels in different fields including adsorption of heavy metal ions and pollutant gases stress strain sensor and drug delivery. Finally, we analyze the existing problems, and provide suggestions for the development direction of MOF‐based hydrogels in the future. This paper aims to help readers quickly understand the current development of MOF‐based hydrogels.
The Past as Insufficient Prologue: Sovereign Debt Restructurings in Latin America Since the 1980s
Authors: Datz Giselle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the absence of a global bankruptcy court for sovereign debt, crises leading to debt restructurings have evolved within an imperfect architecture mired in creditor coordination problems. These challenges are now part of a permacrisis of interconnected global dysfunction that defies existing institutions and their approaches to tackling recurrent problems. The chapter reviews the ways in which debt restructurings have taken place since the 1980s: from the securitization of commercial bank loans to financial fragility and new defaults on sovereign bonds. The costs of default have been compounded by the risks of litigation in foreign courts brought about by a minority of creditors. In the shadow of failed attempts to institute a statutory mechanism for resolving sovereign debt disputes, “market-based” contractual changes have become the norm. However inventive and incremental, these do not preclude some creditors from trying to leverage contract provisions to disrupt restructurings and extract larger repayments from debtors. Without fundamental change brought about by global cooperation, ad hoc ingenuity has had to make do. The past is thus condemned to remain an insufficient prologue to a future where sovereign debt restructurings are a predictable part of an ever-confounding permacrisis.
Reversible Buildings and Products. Transformable Buildings
Authors: Tsikaloudaki Katerina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNowadays design for reversibility and transformability are gaining interest in the field of architecture and sustainable design and are directly connected with the circular economy framework. This chapter will attempt to map and analyse the current knowledge on the concepts of reversible and transformable buildings, by presenting the basic background and terminology, their application on the material, component and whole building level, the challenges and barriers, as well as the benefits and enablers for implementing reversibility and transformability in structures. Paradigms of reversible and transformable buildings are synoptically presented at the end of the chapter, in order to highlight how these concepts can be actually applied to real life constructions.
Modularity and Prefabrication
Authors: Tavares Vanessa , Calheiros Cristina Sousa Coutinho , Martins Inês Burmester , Maia Joana , Tsikaloudaki Katerina , Fonseca Mariana , Marchesi Marianna , Laban Mirjana , Soares Nelson , Santos Paulo , Pineda-Martos Rocío , Rajčić Vlatka , Ungureanu Viorel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe concepts of “modularity” and “prefabrication” require a deeper understanding being crucial to investigate their relation with the circular economy. Prefabrication involves pre-manufacturing building elements off-site and their transport to the construction site and assembly. Prefabrication can be divided into different categories: Component, Non-volumetric, Volumetric, Modular construction, Hybrid structures, or Whole building prefabrication; and can be based on linear (e.g., columns or pillars), bidimensional (e.g., walls or floor panels), or tri-dimensional elements (e.g., modules or whole prefabricated houses). The most commonly used materials are steel, wood, and concrete, although plastic, composite, and nature-based materials are increasingly being explored. While comparing the prefabricated materials, steel has high embodied impacts but recycle and reuse potential, timber has biogenic content and high reuse potential, and concrete poses transport and assembly challenges. The refurbishment of prefabricated buildings and the use of prefabricated elements in refurbishment are also discussed. The main benefits of adopting prefabrication are impact, cost, material, waste, and time reduction, with quality increase; and the challenges are cultural, technical, and market aspects with some investment required. A bibliometric analysis explores the relationship between modularity, prefabrication, and circular construction and concludes that the link between the three concepts seems fragile and unclear.
Setting China–Africa Collaboration to Address Climate Change and Other Environmental Issues
Authors: Inyang Hilary I. , Simelane Thokozani , Hongoro Charles 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEnvironmental analyses and management systems are increasingly becoming the central themes in socio-economic development frameworks and plans of basically all countries, including China and African countries. These systems are tied to the efficacy of natural sustainable development targets as well as livelihood support and human health protection schemes of countries. Largescale, transboundary environmental issues are now commonly associated with energy, transportation and agricultural sectors of national economies. Several factors that determine the environment sustainability of any country frequently lie outside the geography and jurisdictional boundaries of the country. Pollution and associated risk drivers may have their origins in one country but some of their effects could precipitate in/on other countries. In this interconnected world, greenhouse gas emissions in China can imperil human health directly and indirectly in some African countries. Conversely, bush burning in Sub-Saharan Africa can affect ecological systems in China through some cascading environmental effects. This chapter analyses how China-Africa collaboration can help address climate change and other environmental issues.
China–South Africa Collaboration in Astronomy
Authors: Ma Y.-Z. , Buckley D. A. H. , Chen X. , Cui C. , Dong S. , Hao J.-X. , Liang Y.-C. , Liu J. , Peng B. , Shen Z. , Taylor A. R. , Vaisanen P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSouth Africa and China, two members of BRICS consortium, share common aspirations for scientific and technological development and for the growth of human capacity resources. They wish to develop the research in astronomy and astrophysics and formulate a strong bilateral relation in this area. Under this motivation, astronomers, and astrophysicists from the two countries started their scientific collaboration in 2016 and shared a lot of resources in astronomy research, co-educated students and postdocs and fostering future generations of scientific talents and strengthened the scientific and technological collaboration. This review presents the background of this collaboration, the frontiers of scientific research, the actual collaborations from the two sides and discusses the future projects.
Science, Technology and Innovation (STI): Synergic Cooperative and Collaborative Relations Between China and Africa
Authors: Kamba Manir Abdullahi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the lessons to be learned by African countries and the benefits Africa will enjoy by cooperating and collaborating with China’s STI initiatives. It briefly highlights the STI challenges in African countries and reflects on the mandate of China’s Science, Technology, and Innovation and how this can fit within the efforts to advance the use of knowledge for the sustainable development of Africa. The chapter then looks at the role of the China STI initiatives in catalysing action within the African continent. It also briefly reviews some key African STI initiatives and assesses how the China STI initiatives can contribute to and promote already existing structures and programs within Africa. The chapter maps out the coherence and expected synergies between the China STI objectives and the ongoing African initiatives. Finally, it concludes that the China STI initiatives can fit well to enhance the utilization of knowledge for the development of African countries and that it holds the promise to spur and support the African initiatives directed at advancing STI in the continent through synergistic cooperation and collaboration with China.