bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normative Population–Derived Data for MRI Manifestations of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Kilinc Duygu , Vernooij Meike W. , Bron Esther E. , Biessels Geert Jan , Vinke Eline J. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is manifested on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by white matter hyperintensities, lacunes, microbleeds, and atrophy. While these manifestations can be part of normal aging, a high burden has been associated with cognitive impairment and vascular events. Distinguishing between normal versus abnormal SVD lesion burden in clinical practice remains complex. Our objective is to establish age- and sex-specific normative data for MRI manifestations of SVD, to support clinical assessment in individual patients.

METHODS:
We used 11 465 MRI scans from 5402 participants of the Rotterdam Study, the Netherlands, an ongoing prospective population-based cohort since 1990, to develop percentile curves for white matter hyperintensities and brain parenchymal fraction and probability curves for the prevalence and count of lacunes and microbleeds, across ages 45 to 100 years, stratified by sex.

RESULTS:
Participants were primarily White (≈97%), with a mean age at first scan of 64.7 (range, 45.7–97.9) years, and 55.7% being female participants. For all SVD MRI manifestations, the curves demonstrated nonlinear trends, with accelerating burden with advancing age (eg, doubling of white matter hyperintensity fraction every 10 years). Regarding brain parenchymal fraction, a decline was seen earlier in male participants (≈45 years) than female participants (≈60 years) and was more pronounced in male participants over time. Female participants had slightly higher white matter hyperintensity fractions compared with male participants across all ages. Lacunes and microbleeds were more frequently found in male participants than in female participants, and microbleeds were more prevalent than lacunes.

CONCLUSIONS:
We provide comprehensive normative data for different MRI manifestations of SVD, presented as percentile and probability curves by age, stratified by sex. This can aid clinicians to actually quantify the SVD burden on an individual patient’s MRI scans and detect patterns of abnormality.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Cilostazol Addition for In-Stent Restenosis After Carotid Artery Stenting
Authors: Yamagami Hiroshi , Ozaki Tomohiko , Ogasawara Kuniaki , Nagata Izumi , Matsumaru Yuji , Yoshimura Shinichi , Sasaki Makoto , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki , Minematsu Kazuo , Nagai Yoji , Sakai Chiaki , Matsumoto Yasushi , Ezura Masayuki , Ishihara Hideyuki , Sakai Nobuyuki ,   for the CAS-CARE Investigators
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Restenosis after carotid artery stenting (CAS) is associated with the risk of developing ischemic stroke. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of cilostazol addition on in-stent restenosis (ISR) in patients treated with CAS.

METHODS:
In a randomized, open-label, blind-end point trial, patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and scheduled for CAS were randomly assigned to adding cilostazol (50 or 100 mg, twice per day) on other antiplatelets from 3 days before CAS or not adding cilostazol. Concomitant use of other antiplatelets was unrestricted. ISR was diagnosed by a peak systolic velocity of at least 1.75 m/s on duplex ultrasonography. The primary outcome was incidence of ISR within 2 years after CAS. Secondary outcomes included occurrences of cardiovascular events or any death and hemorrhagic events.

RESULTS:

Participants were recruited from December 2010 to September 2015. Although the sample size was initially set to be 900 (450 in each group), 631 patients (mean age 69.9 years, 558 men, 325 in the cilostazol, and 306 in the noncilostazol group) were included in the primary analysis. Within 2 years’ follow-up, ISR occurred in 31 of 325 patients (cumulative incidence 10.8%) in the cilostazol group and 46 of 306 patients (19.6%) in the noncilostazol group (hazard ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.41–1.0];
P
=0.056). In the exploratory analysis, incidence of ISR beyond 30 days after CAS was lower in the cilostazol group than in the noncilostazol group (10.3% versus 19.3%;
P
=0.040). Incidences of cardiovascular events or any death and hemorrhagic events were similar between the groups (6.2% versus 6.7% and 2.3% versus 1.4%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
The addition of cilostazol to other antiplatelet agents could contribute to the reduction of ISR in the chronic stage of patients who underwent CAS, the authenticity of which depends on further studies with sufficient statistical power.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01261234.
State-Level Common Application Policies and College Enrollment
Authors: Delaney Jennifer A. , Odle Taylor K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prospective college students—particularly students of color and those from low-income families—face a myriad of challenges applying to and enrolling in college, including constraints on information, financial aid, and academic preparation. Within the college search process alone, the number, diversity, and complexity of applications that students must complete represent substantial barriers to application and matriculation. A state-level common application seeks to reduce administrative barriers by allowing students to complete a single application to apply to multiple institutions. Using a difference-in-difference design that is robust to variation in treatment timing, we provide the first evidence on state-level enrollment impacts of these common applications. Despite the ongoing development and adoption of state common applications, we find no positive or negative effects on full-time equivalent enrollment in public higher education and show that the format of the common application (paper/online) does not matter. Rather, like strategies considered in other works, common applications may be most useful as a complement to more robust access and enrollment strategies. These findings should inform policy makers and serve as a foundation for future work examining the impacts of common applications on state and student outcomes.
Correlates of adverse childhood experiences among admitted patients with schizophrenia in a referral psychiatric hospital in Botswana
Authors: Bojosi Kagiso , Olashore Anthony A. , Roy Hlanganiso , Molebatsi Keneilwe 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Schizophrenia is becoming more prevalent globally, particularly in lower and middle-income countries. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significant risk factors for developing and worsening the disorder. This study aimed to determine the pattern and correlates of ACE among inpatients with Schizophrenia at Sbrana Psychiatric Hospital in Botswana. Methods: In a cross-sectional cohort study, 128 adult patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia were sampled over a 6-month period. The Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were used to study ACEs and assess schizophrenia severity. A regression model was used to determine factors that predicted the severity and frequency of admissions, with a significance level set at p ⩽ .05. Results: Participants were mostly males (78.9%), with a mean age of 36.7 ( SD = 11.01). About 93.8% reported at least 1 ACE, and 56.3% had ⩾4 ACEs. There was a positive correlation between the number of ACEs and positive symptoms ( rs = .24, p < .01) and the general psychopathology score ( rs = .18, p < .05). Having an incarcerated household member (AOR = 2.43; 95% CI [1.02, 5.81]) was associated with PANSS >75. Participants who had experienced physical abuse were more likely to have multiple admissions (AOR = 5.88; 95% 95% CI [1.87, 18.51]). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the high prevalence of multiple ACEs among patients with Schizophrenia. More interventions are therefore needed to mitigate the risk of ACEs.
Treatment experiences of women diagnosed with substance use disorder in eastern Turkey: A qualitative study
Authors: Aktas Mehmet Cihad , Ayhan Cemile Hurrem 
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the addiction treatment experiences of women with substance use disorders in eastern Turkey with qualitative approach. Methods: The study was conducted using the phenomenological method, one of the qualitative study methods. Purposive sampling was used to select the sample for the study. In-depth individual interviews were conducted with the selected sample group. Data saturation was reached with 12 participants and data collection was finalized. The data was collected using a personal information form and an open-ended structured interview form in which participants were asked about their views and experiences of the climate crisis. Voice recordings were transcribed, and categories, sub-themes and themes were formed. Results: Based on the statements of women with substance use disorders, several major themes in experiences of treatment: the path to healing, barriers and advantages. Barriers to treatment included individual barriers, institutional barriers and social barriers. Individuals’ barriers divided into several categories such as custody issue, internalized stigma, lack of knowledge, economic difficulties, lack of social security and barriers to accessing treatment. Conclusion: While treatment can lead to improved functionality and recovery for women with substance use disorders, various competing factors can complicate these outcomes. The impact of intimate partner violence, social support, stigma, and cultural relevance all play critical roles in shaping treatment experiences. Addressing these complexities through integrated, women-centered approaches is essential for enhancing treatment outcomes and supporting the recovery journeys of women with substance use disorders.
Additively manufacturing bioimitated multi-layered medical composite trauma plates
Authors: Chen Jiye , Dyadyura Kostiantyn , Hunter-Haas Doran , Dixon Melanie , Smorodin Anderey 
Published: November 2024

An updated Additive Manufacture (AM) technology to produce Bioimitated Medical Composite Trauma Plates (BMCTP) is introduced in this paper. It aims to produce bioimitated multi-layered and continuous fibre reinforced medical composites with enhanced damage resilience and biomechanics compatibility for promptly recovering fractured bones. The BMCTP samples are produced by a 3D composite printer and validated using mechanical bending test and modelling analysis. The overall mechanical and fracture properties of the BMCTP samples are conducted based on the bending test outcomes. Research results have shown that the investigated BMCTP sample reaches the loading capacity of 1 kN under three-point bending. This is approximately 2 times higher than the required load that occurs when using this medical trauma plate in surgery. The biomechanics compatibility of the trauma construct has been reflected in the design and AM process. It allows the fractured bone to undertake healing required compressive strains (1%–10%) for mechanically stimulating the healing of the fractured bone. Compared to the BMCTP sample without surface treatment, the damage resistance of the surface-treated one increases by 19%. This technology provides a highly cost-effective approach to produce future medical composite trauma plates for possible applications in treatment and prosthetics in orthopedics and traumatology.
Inflation Targeting in India: A Further Assessment
Authors: Eichengreen Barry , Gupta Poonam 
Published: November 2024

We assess India’s inflation-targeting regime at the eight-year mark. The Reserve Bank of India continues to be a flexible inflation targeter: it responds to both the output gap and inflation when setting policy rates. It has become neither more hawkish nor more reactive with the transition to inflation-targeting. Evidence points to improved outcomes: inflation is lower and less volatile, inflation expectations are better anchored and the transmission of monetary policy is more effective. Given this record, radical changes such as broadening the RBI’s monetary mandate, abandoning the target in favour of a more discretionary regime, targeting core instead of headline inflation or altering the target and tolerance band would be risky and counterproductive. One obvious area for improvement entails updating the weight of food prices in the CPI basket. We estimate the correct weight of food at today’s per capita income to be closer to 40 per cent instead of the current 45.8 per cent. This would likely fall further to around 30 per cent in a decade from now due to the projected increase in per capita incomes. This correction should ameliorate concerns about the design and practice of the current inflation targeting regime. JEL Codes: E5, E52
Humidity or air-speed? A climate chamber investigation into adaptive thermal comfort potential
Authors: Sadagopan Harini , Kitchley Jinu Louishidha , Natarajan Sukumar 
Published: November 2024

High indoor humidity is known to impair sweat-induced evaporative cooling in the tropics. However, its role in the established adaptive thermal comfort standards was ignored until the recent development of the field-data derived relative humidity (RH) inclusive adaptive thermal comfort model (ATCRH). The ATCRH model demonstrated the existence of an RH signal in adaptive thermal comfort for the first time by showing low RH is associated with higher comfort temperatures and vice versa. But it is unclear whether these comfort temperatures are due to simultaneous association with high or low air-speed in the field data. The aim of the present study is hence to investigate the potential relationship between ATCRH and air-speed. We utilise a unique well-controlled climate chamber - VSIMULATORS, that can virtually mimic real environments, thus providing a better match to field conditions than historic climate chamber research which was criticised for the artificiality of the study environment. Using a carefully created factorial experimental design protocol to account for order effects and counterbalancing, a series of experiments involving hypothesised pairs of warm-climate ‘adapted’ and ‘un-adapted’ subjects were undertaken. The subjects were exposed to two levels of air-speed (independent variable), 0.2 m/s and 0.8 m/s under low and high humidity associated comfort temperature bounds given in ATCRH. A total of 8832 subjective responses were obtained on standardised scales. Our warm-climate adaptation hypothesis is confirmed through observed discrepancies in the subjective responses in the factorial experiment. Results show that the ATCRH model is found to be comfortable regardless of air-speed at lower humidity levels but is comfortable only with a higher air-speed of ∼0.8 m/s at higher humidity levels. This clearly points to the need for the provision of elevated air-speed, through natural or mechanical ventilation, when using the ATCRH model in highly humid locales. Practical application The applicability of recently developed “Relative Humidity-inclusive Adaptive Thermal Comfort model ATCRH is tested using ‘long-term thermal memory’ of the occupants as a criterion, within a unique climate chamber – VSIMULATORS. Under extreme ATCRH model conditions of 34°C, 70% relative humidity, an elevated air-speed of 0.8 m/s maintains the thermal comfort of occupants at ‘neutral to slightly uncomfortable’, that is 0 to −1 on the ASHRAE’S 7-Point Scale. ATCRH model is found to be practically applicable for energy savings in the tropics. This study also found that prolonged exposure to ATCRH model conditions reduces the thermal comfort of the occupants by 0.54 units on the ASHRAE’s seven-point scale for each progressive hour, which has potential scope for further investigations into adaptive thermal comfort mechanisms.
What Fuels the Volatility of Electricity Prices?
Authors: Saretto Alessio , Shcherbakova Anastasia , Lin Jeremy 
Published: November 2024

We use emergency outages of coal generators as an exogenous source of variation in the power generation stack to study how changes in marginal fuel affect real-time price volatility. Contrary to anecdotal evidence, we find that wholesale prices are less volatile when natural gas is on the margin more often. JEL Classification: Q4
Outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation for older adults with hip fractures: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Lee Se Won , Elsakr Carol , Joung Keong M , Ayutyanont Napatkamon 
Published: November 2024

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of older adults undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after hip fractures and to find factors associated with discharge location. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation units in the United States. Participants ≥65 years old patients with hip fractures. Intervention Inpatient rehabilitation with ≥1 hour of physical and occupational therapy per weekday. Main measures Home versus nonhome discharges. Results 79% of 7439 ( n = 5,908) patients were discharged to home after a median stay of 14 days, while 13% ( n = 990) were discharged to skilled nursing facilities. 6% ( n = 423) were transferred to acute care during rehabilitation stay. Functional mobility levels for bed-to-chair transfer and sit-to-stand at admission were significantly lower in patients discharged to facilities than in patients discharged to home. Older age (OR 0.97 per 1 year, CI 0.96–0.98); comorbidities of dementia (OR 0.68, CI 0.56–0.83) and cerebrovascular disease (OR 0.53, CI 0.36–0.78); and the use of opioid analgesics (OR 0.71, CI 0.56–0.91), antipsychotics (OR 0.73, CI 0.58–0.92), and anticonvulsants (OR 0.81, CI 0.67–0.96), and lower initial functional levels in bed-to-chair transfers (OR 0.08, CI 0.05–0.12) for dependent level; OR 0.16, CI 0.10–0.25 for level requiring maximal assistance; OR 0.38, CI 0.24–0.60 for level requiring partial, moderate assistance), were associated with a decreased likelihood of discharge to home after inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusion Older adults with dementia, cerebrovascular disorders, and lower bed-to-chair transfer mobility levels at admission after hip fractures may benefit from additional targeted rehabilitation to improve the chances of a successful community discharge.
Horus Behdety, a Royal Wife, and a Royal Daughter from the Private Necropolis of Kom el-Khamaseen (South Saqqara)
Authors: González León Daniel , Cervelló Autuori Josep 
Published: November 2024

Kom el-Khamaseen is a small necropolis located in South Saqqara, 3 km west of the pyramid of Djedkare-Izezi, dating from the end of the Old Kingdom to the First Intermediate Period. In the past few decades, the site has been the victim of several incidences of looting which have destroyed it to a great extent. Between 2019 and 2022, a team from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona carried out rescue excavations there. A great number of limestone blocks and block fragments decorated with inscriptions and reliefs were recovered. In a few cases, this decoration suggests reuse and external provenance. Thus, the two blocks presented here – one with a representation of Horus Behdety and the other with an allusion to a royal daughter – must come from the royal cemeteries of South Saqqara. A discussion of this provenance and of the robbery and reuse of materials during the First Intermediate Period is presented. [Formula: see text]
Parent assessment of their child’s play: A psychometric study on the Pretend Play Enjoyment Developmental Checklist
Authors: Dabiri Golchin Minoo , Stagnitti Karen , Ansarinia Rasool , Dehghan Manshadi Mohammad amin , Nobahar Ahari Monire 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Play is a crucial occupation of children’s that requires reliable and valid assessment. This study aimed to investigate validity and reliability of the parent version of the Pretend Play Enjoyment Developmental Checklist (PPE-DC). Methods: This cross-sectional psychometric study included 10 Iranian occupational therapists from paediatric clinical practice (mean age of 36.5 years) with an average of 14.5 years of experience. Thirty parents and their neurodivergent children (6 girls; mean = 55.90 months; SD = 14.25) and 30 parents and their neurotypical children (14 girls; mean age = 53.4 months; SD = 20.45) participated. Parents filled in the PPE-DC, and a trained therapist assessed children with the Child-Initiated Pretend Play Assessment (ChIPPA) within 10 days of parents filling in the PPE-DC. Results: The content validity ratio was 1. Content validity index was >0.8. There were significant differences for all parent PPE-DC scores between neurotypical and neurodivergent children ( p < 0.001). For concurrent validity, there were moderate significant relationships between the ChIPPA and PPE-DC items. Test–retest reliability was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.99). Conclusion: The PPE-DC Parent version is a reliable and valid parent’s measurement of their child’s level of complexity of play skills.
Comprehending self-compassion manifestations and their relationships among adults diagnosed with ADHD: A foundation for recovery-based interventions
Authors: Paley Tamar , Maeir Adina , Shor Ron 
Published: November 2024

Background: Enhancing self-compassion ( SC) was found to enhance Quality of Life ( QoL). There is a need to comprehend SC manifestations among adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who experience low QoL to provide a foundation for Recovery-based interventions aiming to enhance SC and QoL among adults with ADHD. Objective: To explore SC manifestations and their relationships with ADHD symptoms and ADHD related QoL. Methods: A cross-sectional survey used self-rated questionnaires for ADHD symptoms, QoL and SC among 32 adults with ADHD, recruited by a volunteer community sampling. Results: Moderate overall SC was noted. Negative SC means were found to be higher than the positive SC means. The positive SC subscale common humanity had the lowest mean while the negative SC subscale overidentification had the highest mean. Overall SC level was found to significantly contribute to ADHD symptoms in predicting QoL variance. Overidentification was found to be a significant partial mediator between ADHD symptoms and QoL. Conclusion: Recovery-based interventions aiming to decrease the tendency of adults with ADHD to overidentify with their negative thoughts and feelings and to enhance their realization that their difficulties are shared by others, may have the potential to enhance SC and QoL.