bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal patterns of sediment storage and erosion following a wildfire and extreme flood
Authors: Brogan Daniel J. , Nelson Peter A. , MacDonald Lee H. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Post-wildfire landscapes are highly susceptible to rapid geomorphic changes, and the resulting downstream effects, at both the hillslope and watershed scales due to increases in hillslope runoff and erosion. Numerous studies have documented these changes at the hillslope scale, but relatively few studies have documented larger-scale post-fire geomorphic changes over time. In this study we used five airborne laser scanning (ALS) datasets collected over 4 years to quantify erosion and deposition throughout the channel network in two ∼15 km2 watersheds, Skin Gulch and Hill Gulch, in northern Colorado after a wildfire followed by a large, long-duration flood 15 months later. The objectives were to (1) quantify the volumes, spatial patterns, and temporal changes over time of erosion and deposition over a nearly 4-year period, and (2) evaluate the extent to which these spatially and temporally explicit changes are correlated to precipitation metrics, burn severity, and morphologic variables. The volumetric changes were calculated from a differencing of DEMs for 50 m long segments of the channel network and associated valley bottoms. The results showed net sediment accumulation after the wildfire in the valley bottoms of both watersheds, with greater accumulations in the wider and flatter valley bottoms in the first 2 years after burning. In contrast, the mesoscale flood caused large amounts of erosion, with higher erosion in those areas with more post-fire deposition. Only minor changes occurred over the 2 years following the mesoscale flood. Volume changes for the different time periods were weakly but significantly correlated to, in order of decreasing correlation, contributing area, channel width, percent burned at high and/or moderate severity, channel slope, confinement ratio, maximum 30 min precipitation, and total precipitation. These results suggest that morphometric characteristics, when combined with burn severity and a specified storm, can indicate the relative likelihood and locations for post-fire erosion and deposition. This information can help assess downstream risks and prioritize areas for post-fire hillslope rehabilitation treatments.
The CMEMS GlobColour chlorophyll a product based on satellite observation: multi-sensor merging and flagging strategies
Authors: Garnesson Philippe , Mangin Antoine , Fanton d'Andon Odile , Demaria Julien , Bretagnon Marine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract. This paper concerns the GlobColour-merged chlorophyll a
products based on satellite observation (SeaWiFS, MERIS, MODIS, VIIRS and
OLCI) and disseminated in the framework of the Copernicus Marine
Environmental Monitoring Service (CMEMS). This work highlights the main advantages provided by the Copernicus
GlobColour processor which is used to serve CMEMS with a long time series
from 1997 to present at the global level (4 km spatial resolution) and for
the Atlantic level 4 product (1 km spatial resolution). To compute the merged chlorophyll a product, two major topics are discussed:
The first of these topics is the strategy for merging remote-sensing data, for which two options are considered. On the one hand, a merged chlorophyll a product computed from a prior merging of the remote-sensing reflectance of a set of sensors. On the other hand, a merged chlorophyll a product resulting from a combination of chlorophyll a products computed for each sensor. The second topic is the flagging strategy used to discard non-significant observations (e.g. clouds, high glint and so on).
These topics are illustrated by comparing the CMEMS GlobColour products
provided by ACRI-ST (Garnesson et al., 2019) with the OC-CCI/C3S project
(Sathyendranath et al., 2018). While GlobColour merges chlorophyll a
products with a specific flagging, the OC-CCI approach is based on a prior
reflectance merging before chlorophyll a derivation and uses a more
constrained flagging approach. Although this work addresses these two topics, it does not pretend to
provide a full comparison of the two data sets, which will require a better
characterisation and additional inter-comparison with in situ data.
WVSOM Anatomy Lab Tour Program: An Osteopathic Medicine Pipeline With Student Teaching Opportunities
Authors: Wines Karen S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In spring 2013, the West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine (WVSOM) reformatted its Anatomy Lab Tour Program to include interactive stations in the gross anatomy laboratory. The design of the outreach program introduces high school and allied health learners to osteopathic medicine while working through anatomy laboratory stations and how the tenets of osteopathic medicine relate to a person's overall health and wellness. Throughout the history of the program, first- and second-year osteopathic medical students at WVSOM have helped teach visiting learners in the laboratory experience. The new program design allows more time for one-on-one time between the student teachers and the learners. Exit surveys have reported that the current program design creates a synergistic learning environment in which both the learners and student teachers benefit through the encounter. The authors present this case study of the WVSOM Anatomy Lab Tour Program to establish a baseline for the collection of information gained through participant surveys to assess the impact of the program on learners and student teachers.
Investment Analysis of Small Scale Private Forest Plantation Development in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Fasoro O. A. , Ajewole O. I. 
Published: June 2019

Forest plantation development has the capacity of increasing wood supply and stemming the pressure on natural forest in Nigeria. However, forest under public institution control has not been sustainably managed due to rate of forest resources exploitation and inadequate funding of forestry projects. Hence, this paper examines private investment in forest plantation development with a view to encourage and alert potential private investors on feasibility and benefits of forest plantation development. Measures such as Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Annual Equivalent Value (AEV), Land Expected Value (LEV), Return on Investment (ROI) and Discounted Payback Period (DPBP) were used to analyse the cash flow statement of the investment.
The study revealed that small scale Tectona grandis plantation of 0.4 ha with 12 year rotation had NPV of ₦1,096,118.00, BCR of 2.62, IRR of 35.30%, AEV of ₦208,262.42 ha-1, LEV of ₦1,608,350.84 ha-1, ROI of 162% and DPBP of 5.6 years. The results showed that investment in small scale forest plantation development is profitable going by the economic returns indices. It is recommended that private forest plantation development should incorporate multiple land use systems in order to increase economic returns and reduce the payback period.
Effect of Different Doses of Nitrogen and Potassium on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal
Authors: Kundu Champak Kumar , Bera Purnendu Sekhar , Giri Arundhati , Das Shyamali , Datta Madhab Kumar , Bandopadhyay Pintoo 
Published: June 2019

An experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Instructional Farm, Jaguli, Nadia, West Bengal to find out the different doses of nitrogen and potassium on growth and yield of potato. The experiment was designed in RBD with 10 treatments replicated thrice in potato cultivated variety Kufri Jyoti. Different doses of nitrogen and potassium were considered as treatments. For all the treatments P2O5 dose was 150 kg ha-1. The size of the experimental plots were 12 square meter and seed tubers were planted with 50 cm X 20 cm spacing. In this experiment, it was observed that the growth attributes like plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation of tubers at 80 DAP, crop growth rate at 60-80 DAP were highest with the application of 250 kg ha-1 N, 200 kg K2O (T9) and statistically at par with 300 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 K2O (T10). Again among the yield parameters, T9 recorded the highest tuber number per square meter and tuber yield which was closely followed by T10. Highest B:C ratio was also observed in T9.This result proves that T9 can be recommended to get better growth and economic yield of potato than T10 (farmer practice does) in the new alluvial soil of West Bengal.
Survey on the Prevalence of Intravenous Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and H2-antagonists in Internal Medicine Ward
Authors: Fallahzade Ebrahim , Aliabadi Arian 
Published: June 2019

Background: Anti-acids drugs are commonly used for stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP). Some inpatients receiving acid suppression therapy without risk factors for nosocomial upper gastrointestinal bleeding and this inappropriate usage increase time, costs and avoidable side effects such as hospital-acquired pneumonia.
Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of stress ulcer prophylactic drugs use, the number of properly indicated administrations and prescription prevalence of intravenous use of proton pump inhibitors (PIPs) and H2-antagonists in preventing nosocomial gastrointestinal bleeding and pneumonia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 280 patients in two different time zone before and after implementing of guidelines for SUP usage on the medical service in January and March of 2014(pre-intervention period) and January and march of 2015 (post-intervention period). Indicated anti-acid therapy for stress ulcer prophylaxis was defined according to the 1999 American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) guidelines for the use of SUP. The Patient’s data such as kind of stress ulcer prophylaxis drug, ICU admission and the indication of prophylaxis pre and post-intervention were collected. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using the Pearson Chi-square test and unpaired t-test.
Results: There was no significant change in the administration of stress ulcer prophylaxis drugs in general, but anti-acid medications misused decreased from 63.6% to 55.2% after intervention.
Conclusion: The use of anti-acids without proper indication had 11.4% fall. The IV administration had a dramatic decrease as opposed to PO anti-acids use, which had a significant effect on hospital financial costs. In the end, there was no significant change detected in the total use of SUP (stress ulcer prophylaxis).
Effect of dose constraint on the thyroid gland during locoregional intensity‐modulated radiotherapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Haciislamoglu Emel , Canyilmaz Emine , Gedik Sonay , Aynaci Ozlem , Serdar Lasif , Yoney Adnan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare radiation dose received by thyroid gland using different radiotherapy (RT) techniques with or without thyroid dose constraint (DC) for breast cancer patients. Computerized tomography (CT) image sets for 10 patients with breast cancer were selected. All patients were treated originally with opposite tangential field‐in field (FinF) for the chest wall and anteroposterior fields for the ipsilateral supraclavicular field. The thyroid gland was not contoured on the CT images at the time of the original scheduled treatment. Four new treatment plans were created for each patient, including intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and helical tomotherapy (HT) plans with thyroid DC exclusion and inclusion (IMRTDC(−), IMRTDC(+), HTDC(−), and HTDC(+), respectively). Thyroid DCs were used to create acceptable dose limits to avoid hypothyroidism as follows: percentage of thyroid volume exceeding 30 Gy less than 50% (V30 < 50%) and mean dose of thyroid (TDmean) ≤ 21 Gy. Dose‐volume histograms (DVHs) for TDmean and percentages of thyroid volume exceeding 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy (V10, V20, V30, V40, and V50, respectively) were also analyzed. The Dmean of the FinF, IMRTDC(−), HTDC(−), IMRTDC(+) and HTDC(+) plans were 30.56 ± 5.38 Gy, 25.56 ± 6.66 Gy, 27.48 ± 4.16 Gy, 18.57 ± 2.14 Gy, and 17.34 ± 2.70 Gy, respectively. Median V30 values were 55%, 33%, 36%, 18%, and 17%, for FinF, IMRTDC(−), HTDC(−), IMRTDC(+), and HTDC(+), respectively. Differences between treatment plans with or without DC with respect to Dmean and V30 values were statistically significant (P < 0.05). When thyroid DC during breast cancer RT was applied to IMRT and HT, the TDmean and V30 values significantly decreased. Therefore, recognition of the thyroid as an organ at risk (OAR) and the use of DCs during IMRT and HT planning to minimize radiation dose and thyroid volume exposure are recommended.
Enhancement of Anomalous Hall Effect via Interfacial Scattering in Metal‐Organic Semiconductor Fex(C60)1−x Granular Films Near the Metal‐Insulator Transition
Authors: Zheng Lingcheng , He Zhihao , Zhang Rui , Qu Jiangtao , Feng Deqiang , He Jie , Chen Hansheng , Yun Fan , Cheng Yahui , Li Zhiqing , Liu Hui , Zhang Xixiang , Zheng Rongkun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFerromagnetic metal‐insulator granular films suffer from superparamagnetism, which causes a decrease in the values and temperature stabilities of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE). In this work, organic semiconductor (OSC) fullerene (C60), instead of the traditional inorganic insulators, is used as the matrix and a series of Fex(C60)1−x (x = 0.58–0.91) granular films are fabricated. By utilizing the strong metal/OSC interfacial hybridization, the temperature stability of both magnetization and AHE is significantly improved, and the disordered scattering and consequently the anomalous Hall coefficient is enhanced. The saturated anomalous Hall resistivity of Fe0.58(C60)0.42 is 74 µΩ cm at 300 K, which is over three times larger than that of Fe0.59(SiO2)0.41 granular film, and it remains 63 µΩ cm at 2 K. The anomalous Hall coefficient of Fe0.58(C60)0.42 is 9.9 × 10−8 Ω cm G−1, which is four orders larger than that of pure Fe and larger than most of the existing inorganic granular films. The roles of the intergrain Coulomb interaction, skew‐scattering, side‐jump, and intrinsic mechanism in AHE are evaluated. These results indicate that the organic materials have clear advantages in developing anomalous Hall devices.
Additive Manufacturing of 3D‐Architected Multifunctional Metal Oxides
Authors: Yee Daryl W. , Lifson Max L. , Edwards Bryce W. , Greer Julia R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) of complex three‐dimensional (3D) metal oxides at the micro‐ and nanoscales has attracted considerable attention in recent years. State‐of‐the‐art techniques that use slurry‐based or organic–inorganic photoresins are often hampered by challenges in resin preparation and synthesis, and/or by the limited resolution of patterned features. A facile process for fabricating 3D‐architected metal oxides via the use of an aqueous metal‐ion‐containing photoresin is presented. The efficacy of this process, which is termed photopolymer complex synthesis, is demonstrated by creating nanoarchitected zinc oxide (ZnO) architectures with feature sizes of 250 nm, by first patterning a zinc‐ion‐containing aqueous photoresin using two‐photon lithography and subsequently calcining them at 500 ºC. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals their microstructure to be nanocrystalline ZnO with grain sizes of 5.1 ± 1.6 nm. In situ compression experiments conducted in a scanning electron microscope show an emergent electromechanical response: a 200 nm mechanical compression of an architected ZnO structure results in a voltage drop of 0.52 mV. This photopolymer complex synthesis provides a pathway to easily create arbitrarily shaped 3D metal oxides that could enable previously impossible devices and smart materials.
Horizontal Growth of Lithium on Parallelly Aligned MXene Layers towards Dendrite‐Free Metallic Lithium Anodes
Authors: Zhang Di , Wang Shuai , Li Bin , Gong Yongji , Yang Shubin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough metallic lithium is an extremely promising anode for lithium‐based batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, the uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites, in particular under deep stripping and plating, have stagnated its application. It is demonstrated that parallelly aligned MXene (Ti3C2Tx
) layers enable the efficient guiding of lithium nucleation and growth on the surface of 2D MXene nanosheets, giving rise to horizontal‐growth lithium anodes. Moreover, the inherent fluorine terminations in MXene afford a uniform and durable solid electrolyte interface with lithium fluoride at the anode/electrolyte interface, efficiently regulating electromigration of lithium ions. Thus, a dendrite‐free lithium anode with a long cycle life up to 900 h and excellent deep stripping–plating capabilities up to 35 mAh cm−2 is achieved, which can further serve as an anode for a lithium metal battery, exhibiting high cycle stability up to 1000 cycles.
Twinning Lignosulfonate with a Conducting Polymer via Counter‐Ion Exchange for Large‐Scale Electrical Storage
Authors: Che Canyan , Vagin Mikhail , Ail Ujwala , Gueskine Viktor , Phopase Jaywant , Brooke Robert , Gabrielsson Roger , Jonsson Magnus P. , Mak Wing Cheung , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLignosulfonate (LS) is a large‐scale surplus product of the forest and paper industries, and has primarily been utilized as a low‐cost plasticizer in making concrete for the construction industry. LS is an anionic redox‐active polyelectrolyte and is a promising candidate to boost the charge capacity of the positive electrode (positrode) in redox‐supercapacitors. Here, the physical‐chemical investigation of how this biopolymer incorporates into the conducting polymer PEDOT matrix, of the positrode, by means of counter‐ion exchange is reported. Upon successful incorporation, an optimal access to redox moieties is achieved, which provides a 63% increase of the resulting stored electrical charge by reversible redox interconversion. The effects of pH, ionic strength, and concentrations, of included components, on the polymer–polymer interactions are optimized to exploit the biopolymer‐associated redox currents. Further, the explored LS‐conducting polymer incorporation strategy, via aqueous synthesis, is evaluated in an up‐scaling effort toward large‐scale electrical energy storage technology. By using an up‐scaled production protocol, integration of the biopolymer within the conducting polymer matrix by counter‐ion exchange is confirmed and the PEDOT‐LS synthesized through optimized strategy reaches an improved charge capacity of 44.6 mAh g−1.
Beyond Coherent Oxide Heterostructures: Atomic‐Scale Structure of Misfit Dislocations
Authors: Dholabhai Pratik P. , Uberuaga Blas P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNanoscale design of complex oxide heterostructures and thin films is imperative as they have significant promise in novel technological applications. A coherent interface is formed in oxide heterostructures with small mismatches, and the lattice mismatch is completely compensated by elastic strain. In semi‐coherent oxide heterostructures, when an epitaxial layer is grown on the substrate above the critical thickness of the film, misfit dislocations are formed to mitigate the strain between the two materials with dissimilar lattice constants. Key properties of semi‐coherent oxide heterostructures are influenced or even controlled by the presence of misfit dislocations. Therefore, it is critical to understand the atomic‐scale structure of semi‐coherent oxide heterostructures, specifically the structure of misfit dislocations that are ubiquitous at such heterointerfaces. Numerous state‐of‐the‐art experiments have reported emergent phenomena at semi‐coherent oxide heterostructures, wherein misfit dislocations play a crucial role. However, their atomic‐scale and nanoscale structure is not always discernable from experiments. Due to large system sizes, computational studies dedicated to examining misfit dislocations in semi‐coherent oxide heterostructures are still in their infancy. This review aims to summarize the recent advancements and challenges involved in computational studies elucidating the atomic‐scale structure of misfit dislocations in semi‐coherent oxide heterostructures and motivate future computational efforts.
The influence of cardiometabolic risk factors on cardiorespiratory fitness in volunteer Chilean firefighters
Authors: Espinoza Fernando , Delgado‐Floody Pedro , Martínez‐Salazar Cristian , Jerez‐Mayorga Daniel , Guzmán‐Guzmán Iris Paola , Caamaño‐Navarrete Felipe , Ramirez‐Campillo Rodrigo , Chamorro Claudio , Campos‐Jara Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesMaximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) plays a fundamental role in firefighters' occupational activities due to the high intensity tasks they perform in their professional duties. In Chile, firefighters are volunteers (non‐salary) and their lack of continuous and programmed physical activity may affect their physical fitness and health. The goal of this study was to determine the influence of anthropometric parameters and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors on the cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of volunteer Chilean firefighters.MethodsSeventy‐six volunteer male firefighters (median [5‐95 percentiles]) aged 27.5 years [26‐56], body mass index (BMI) 27.7 kg m−2 [19.9‐35], and VO2max 44 mL kg−1 min−1 [36‐56]) participated in the study. The following variables were assessed: BMI, fat mass%, body density, waist circumference (WC), waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, blood glucose, and VO2max.ResultsIn total, 68% of the samples were overweight or obese. A total of 36% presented abdominal obesity (WC ≥102 cm). High blood pressure (HBP) was observed in 25% of firefighters and high blood glucose was found in about 20%. The presence of abdominal obesity was the strongest predictor of VO2max (OR = 12.35, 95% CI = 3.56‐42.82, P < .001), followed by the WHR (OR = 11.5, 95% CI = 3.1‐42.7, P < .001) and high blood glucose (OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.7‐7.3, P = 0.019).ConclusionThis study showed that abdominal obesity in firefighters was the strongest predictor of low CRF. In addition, CRF was associated with CMR factors, except for HBP.
Sulfonylacetonitriles as Building Blocks in Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions: An Efficient Apporach to Sulfonated Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones
Authors: Gong Xueqin , Li Guoqing , Gan Ziyu , Yan Qiuli , Dou Xiaomeng , Yang Daoshan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA simple and practical copper‐catalyzed one pot synthesis of C‐4 sulfonated isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones has been developed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example for the synthesis of sulfone‐containing heterocycles through transition‐metal‐catalyzed Ullmann‐type coupling reactions using sulfonylacetonitriles as the sulfonylating agents.
Enhancement of Autofocusing Performance for Circular Arrayed‐Airy Vortex Beams
Authors: Lai Songtao , Wang Yihao , Lan Yangping , Qian Yixian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNumerically and experimentally circular arrayed‐Airy vortex beams (CAAVBs) are demonstrated, of which propagation dynamics and autofocusing performance are investigated. In contrast to the classical circular Airy beams, the focal intensity of CAAVBs can be abruptly enhanced several orders of magnitude by introducing vortex arrays (VAs) and increasing Airy arrays number, and the autofocusing performance markedly increases in the focal plane due to introducing VAs. The position of the focal point can be readily controlled by varying the circular arrayed Airy radius is also demonstrated. Experimental results agree with the numerical calculations. These advantages could be beneficial for potential applications in optical trapping, the generation of high intensity laser, medical treatment, and nonlinear effect.