bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of community public health care on treatment effect, health cognition, and self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shi Hong , Liu Chun , Luo Hong-Yan 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
At present, China has become the country with the largest number of individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) in the world, with a total of approximately 140 million patients, the majority of whom have type 2 DM (T2DM). Based on conventional nursing methods, community home care has important clinical significance in controlling blood sugar and disease progression.
AIM
To explore the impact of community public health nursing on treatment effect, health cognition, and self-management in patients with T2DM.
METHODS
One hundred patients with T2DM were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into either a conventional nursing group or community nursing (CN) group using the random number table method. The conventional nursing group (50 cases) received routine care, while the CN group (50 cases) received community public health care in addition to routine care as that for the conventional nursing group. The rate of excellent and good blood glucose control, fasting blood glucose before and after care, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, health cognition, and self-management ability, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The CN group had a higher rate of excellent blood sugar control than the conventional nursing group (88% vs 70%, P < 0.05). Before care, there was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose or 2-h postprandial blood glucose between the two groups of patients (P > 0.05). After nursing, fasting blood glucose and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were reduced to varying degrees in both groups, and both blood glucose levels in the CN group were lower than those of the conventional nursing group (P < 0.05). Compared with the scores before care, the cognitive level score for diabetes and self-management ability score improved after care in both groups. The cognitive level and self-management ability of patients in the CN group were higher than those of the conventional nursing group (P < 0.05). The overall satisfaction of the CN group was better than that of the conventional nursing group (98% vs 86%, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Community public health care based on conventional care of T2DM can achieve better blood sugar control, and improve patients’ health cognitive level and self-management ability.
Masquelet technique using an allogeneic cortical bone graft for a large bone defect: A case report
Authors: Zong Hai-Yang , Liu Yu , Yin Xing , Zhou Wei , Li Nan 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
The induced-membrane technique was initially described by Masquelet as an effective treatment for large bone defects, especially those caused by infection. Here, we report a case of chronic osteomyelitis of the radius associated with a 9 cm bone defect, which was filled with a large allogeneic cortical bone graft from a bone bank. Complete bony union was achieved after 14 months of follow-up. Previous studies have used autogenous bone as the primary bone source for the Masquelet technique; in our case, the exclusive use of allografts is as successful as the use of autologous bone grafts. With the advent of bone banks, it is possible to obtain an unlimited amount of allograft, and the Masquelet technique may be further improved based on this new way of bone grafting.
CASE SUMMARY
In this study, we reported a case of repair of a long bone defect in a 40-year-old male patient, which was characterized by the utilization of allograft cortical bone combined with the Masquelet technique for the treatment of the patient's long bone defect in the forearm. The patient's results of functional recovery of the forearm were surprising, which further deepens the scope of application of Masquelet technique and helps to strengthen the efficacy of Masquelet technique in the treatment of long bones indeed.
CONCLUSION
Allograft cortical bone combined with the Masquelet technique provides a new method of treatment to large bone defect.
High-order multilayer-coated blazed grating for a high-transmission and high-resolution tender X-ray monochromator/spectrometer
Authors: Zhuang Yeqi , Huang Qiushi , Sokolov Andrey , Lemke Stephanie , Liu Zhengkun , Yu Yue , Kozhevnikov Igor V. , Qi Runze , Zhang Zhe , Zhang Zhong , Viefhaus Jens , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: November 2024

Grating optics lie in the heart of X-ray spectroscopy instruments. The low efficiency and angular dispersion of conventional single-layer-coated gratings significantly limit the transmission and energy resolution of monochromators and spectrometers, particularly in the tender X-ray region (E=1−5  keV). Multilayer-coated blazed gratings (MLBGs) operating at high diffraction orders offer the advantage of achieving both high efficiency and high dispersion simultaneously. Tender X-ray monochromators and spectrometers using different high-order MLBGs have been designed, all demonstrating one to two orders of magnitude higher transmission compared to conventional systems. By employing a 2400 l/mm MLBG at the −4th or −8th diffraction order, the theoretical energy resolution of the instrument is improved by two to three times at 2.5 keV. Two MLBGs operating at the −2nd and −4th orders have been fabricated, showcasing remarkable efficiencies of 34%–12% at 2.5 keV, surpassing that of single-layer-coated gratings by an order of magnitude. Further optimization of manufacturing accuracy can yield even higher efficiencies. The measured angular dispersion agrees well with theoretical predictions, supporting the potential for high resolution. High-order MLBG optics pave the way for a new generation of tender X-ray monochromators/spectrometers that offer both high transmission and high resolution.
Perioperative administration of sub-anesthetic ketamine/esketamine for preventing postpartum depression symptoms: A trial sequential meta-analysis
Authors: Hung Kuo-Chuan , Kao Chia-Li , Lai Yi-Chen , Chen Jen-Yin , Lin Chien-Hung , Ko Ching-Chung , Lin Chien-Ming , Chen I-Wen 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major mental health issue affecting 10%–15% of women globally. This meta-analysis synthesized updated evidence on sub-anesthetic ketamine/esketamine’s efficacy in preventing PPD.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing ketamine/esketamine to a placebo for PPD prevention were searched without language restriction. Primary outcomes were PPD risk at 1- and 4–6-week postpartum. Secondary outcomes included the difference in depression scores and risk of adverse events. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to validate the reliability.

Results
A meta-analysis of 22 RCTs (n = 3,463) showed that ketamine/esketamine significantly decreased PPD risk at 1- (risk ratio [RR], 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3–0.57) and 4–6-week (RR, 0.47; 95%CI, 0.35–0.63) follow-ups. Consistently, participants receiving ketamine/esketamine had lower depression-related scores at 1- (standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.94; 95%CI, −1.26 to −0.62) and 4–6-week (SMD, −0.89; 95%CI, −1.25 to −0.53) follow-ups. Despite potential publication bias, TSA confirmed the evidence’s reliability. Subgroup analysis showed that ketamine/esketamine’s preventive effect on 1-week PPD was consistent, regardless of administration timing, type of agents, or total dosage (<0.5 vs. ≥0.5 mg/kg). For the 4–6-week period, PPD risk was favorably reduced only with postoperative administration or the use of esketamine, with the total dosage having no observed influence. Participants on ketamine/esketamine experienced more frequency of hallucinations (RR, 4.77; 95%CI, 1.39–16.44) and dizziness (RR, 1.36; 95%CI, 1.02–1.81).

Conclusion
Our findings advocate for the postoperative administration of low-dose ketamine/esketamine to avert PPD, which needed additional research for confirmation.
Anemia status and its determinants among reproductive-age women in Tanzania: A multi-level analysis of Tanzanian demographic and health survey data
Authors: Kassie Gizachew Ambaw , Hailegebireal Aklilu Habte , Gebrekidan Amanuel Yosef , Woldegeorgis Beshada Zerfu , Adella Getachew Asmare , Haile Kirubel Eshetu , Asgedom Yordanos Sisay 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Anemia is significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in women of reproductive age. Determining the prevalence and identifying associated risk factors remains an important topic in public health. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate and identify the risk factors for anemia in women of reproductive age in Tanzania.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study utilizing secondary data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey of 2022 was conducted. Weighted total samples of 8,921 reproductive-age women were included in the analysis. A multilevel Poisson regression model was employed to account for the hierarchical structure of the TDHS data. Deviance was used to compare the models. In the multivariable multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression model with robust variance, adjusted prevalence ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to identify the determinants of anemia.

Results
The prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age in Tanzania was 42.02% [95% CI: (40.79%–43.25%)]. Of these, 19.82%, 19.35%, and 2.84% had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. The regression results revealed that women from households with the poorest wealth quantiles, underweight, pregnant status, high community poverty level, and women from the eastern and Zanzibar administrative zones had a higher prevalence of anemia. While currently employed, moderate alcohol consumption and use of hormonal contraceptive methods were associated with a lower prevalence of anemia.

Conclusion
The findings of the study showed that anemia is a severe public health issue among women of reproductive age in Tanzania, affecting more than four in ten women. Interventions targeting the improvement of nutrition, access to healthcare services, and education on anemia prevention and management should be prioritized to reduce the burden of anemia effectively.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on intra-household gender disparities in the Middle East and North Africa region: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Ghezzawi Malak , Fahme Sasha , Naalbandian Salpy , DeJong Jocelyn ,   WOMENA Study Group
Published: November 2024

Introduction
The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is a global outlier both for its low female labor force participation and investment in early childhood development services, and consistently ranks lowest on global rankings of gender parity. While the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on global gender inequity has been acknowledged, specific challenges faced by partnered-women in MENA are underexplored. Additionally, with over half of the region affected by conflict and displacement, exploring these impacts sheds light on understudied gender disparities in humanitarian contexts during the pandemic. This scoping review aims to examine intra-household gender disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic, adding to a more comprehensive understanding of this particular public health emergency’s worldwide ramifications. The hypothesis is that the pandemic has exacerbated women’s pre-existing constraints in the MENA region, worsening gender inequities in economic empowerment, healthcare access, and general well-being.

Methods
This review will explore intra-household gender disparities in decision-making, household labor division, economic independence, health, and access to resources and services during the COVID-19 pandemic that have been reported to have been affected by COVID-19 globally. Following PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews, a comprehensive search will be conducted in APA PsycINFO, Arab World Research Source: Al Masdar, EconLit, Global Health, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection, in consultation with an information specialist. Studies in English, French and Arabic from January 2020 to August 2024 will be included. Four independent reviewers will screen studies, and data will be charted, coded, and narratively synthesized.

Discussion
This review is expected to shed light on gender disparities in healthcare accessibility, mobility, and decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic across low- and middle-income countries in the MENA region, adding to the global literature.
Simulasi Numerik Model Vaksinasi Transmisi Virus Influenza dengan Incidence Rate
Authors: Irma Suryani  
Published: November 2024

Model Vaksinasi Transmisi Virus Influenza dengan Incidence Rate ini merupakan model vaksinasi [1] yang ditambahkan asumsi laju tingkat jenuh (Incidence Rate) . Analisis terhadap eksistensi solusi periodik menunjukkan bahwa tidak memuat orbit periodik pada himpunan positif kelas yang divaksin. Simulasi diberikan dengan nilai parameter yang berbeda terhadap nilai laju individu yang divaksin terinfeksi dan laju kontak yang berbeda. Kemudian simulasi dan potret phase yang diperoleh diinterpretasikan dan dibandingkan dengan model sebelumnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya laju tingkat jenuh (Incidence Rate), kejadian individu terinfeksi baru sedikit daripada model sebelumnya.
Respiratory system mechanics during noninvasive proportional assist ventilation: A model study
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Yuan Yueyang , Zhang Hai , Li Feng , Li Xingwang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeTo assess the accuracies of airway resistance (Raw) and compliance (Crs) calculations using the expiratory time constant (RCexp) method as well as the accuracy of Pmus estimation in obstructive lung models.MethodsA Respironics V60 ventilator was connected to an active lung simulator. The driving pressure was maintained at 5–10 cmH2O and positive end-expiration pressure (PEEP) was 5 cmH2O. Maximal Pmus, estimated based on equations of motion and respiratory mechanical properties, was calculated by the RCexp method to derive respiratory system compliance (Crs) and inspiratory (Rinsp) and expiratory (Rexp) resistance.ResultsDuring PAV, the assist proportion was adjusted to 55% and 40% with Pmus of 5 and 10 cmH2O, respectively. Pmus measurement errors were <20% of the preset values in most lung conditions. In the active lung model with PAV, an overestimation of Raw was found in the normal resistance condition, and Rinsp was underestimated in the severe obstructive model (P < 0.01). Crs was overestimated significantly except in the severe obstructive model at a Pmus of 10 cmH2O (all P < 0.01). Using the RCexp method, the target of ≤20% between the calculated and preset values in airway resistance was achieved in most obstructive models at a Pmus of 5 cmH2O.ConclusionsThe RCexp method might provide real-time assessments of respiratory mechanics (elastance and resistance) in the PAV mode. With low inspiratory effort, the estimation error was acceptable (<20%) in most obstructive lung models.
Effect of hydrogen mixing on the flame geometry of natural gas-powered equipment
Authors: Lévai Emese , Bereczky Ákos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnergy strategies at the international level increasingly support the utilization of hydrogen for energy purposes. One way to do this is to mix hydrogen into natural gas, which is delivered by the network to the combustion equipment of consumers. The paper examines the expected changes that will occur if the maximum amount of hydrogen permitted by law is mixed into the natural gas network. According to our results, the inflowing heat quantity in the gas has decreased, which is compensated by the increased flow rate due to the reduced density. The flame image changes spectacularly, the flame becomes lower, the half-cone angle increases in case of hydrogen mixing. Another noteworthy result is that the temperature of the equipment's burner did not change significantly as a result of mixing.
Las primeras ejemplificaciones en ELE
Authors: Escudero Paniagua Francisco 
Published: November 2024

The Anonymous Leuven grammars were two of the first grammars for teaching/learning Spanish as a foreign language (ELE) in history. The have been compared because of their contextual similarities. The aim of this paper is to compare both grammars, paying attention to an object of study wich is receibing increasing attention in linguistic historiography and which is fundamental in the teaching of ELE: the grammar exemplification. The main objective is to better understand the two grammars through the study of exemplification, and the influence of linguistic and extralinguistic factors on it. The analisis has been carried out based on the exemplification’s theory developed in previous works (e. g. Escudero Paniagua, 2022, 2023a, 2023b). Specifically, we have analysed: i) the quantity of exemplification in each grammar; ii) the exemplification mechanisms used; iii) the thypological variety of language’s (anti)fragments used in exemplification; iv) the languages in which the exemples are written; and v) the sources of exemples. The results show substantial differences in almost all aspects, althought both exemplificaions are simple, aimed at illustration rather than inciting linguistic reflection. Only the 1559 grammar provides a more complex exemplification of the pronunciation and writing of Castilian, especially by comparing exemples in different languages.
Edible Coating Pati Jagung dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Jahe Merah untuk Memperpanjang Umur Simpan Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum)
Authors: Putri Desi Septia , Harun Noviar , Efendi Raswen , Dewi Yossie Kharisma 
Published: November 2024

This research aims to obtain the best addition of red ginger extract in corn starch edible coating to extend the shelf life of tomatoes. This research method used an experimental method, obtaining 15 experimental units by using a fully randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatments used include P0 (without addition of red ginger extract), P1 (1% addition of red ginger extract), P2 (3% addition of red ginger extract), P3 (5% addition of red ginger extract), and P4 (7% addition of red ginger extract) in edible coating of corn starch with addition red ginger extract to extend shelf life tomatoes and stored for 21 days. The results showed that the addition of red ginger extract affected weight loss, hardness, total dissolved solids, pH, vitamin C and total microbes. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with DMRT at 5% level. The best treatment of this research was P4 with a 14.71% weight loss value, 5.58 kgf hardness, 1.413°Brix total dissolved solids, 4.92 pH, 27.41 mg/100g vitamin C and 4.46 log CFU/g total microbes.
Pemanfaatan Sari Tapai Ketan Hitam dalam Pembuatan Cocoghurt yang Dibuat dengan Penambahan Lactobacillus plantarum 1 R.1.3.2
Authors: Atasyavira Nadya , Yusmarini Yusmarini 
Published: November 2024

Cocoghurt is processed coconut milk fermented using lactic acid bacteria. One of the food products that can improve the quality of cocoghurt is the addition of black glutinous rice tapai juice. The purpose of this research was to obtain the right concentration of black glutinous rice tapai juice. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of TKH1 (without addition of black glutinous rice tapai juice), TKH2 (addition of 10% black glutinous rice tapai juice), TKH3 (addition of 20% black glutinous rice tapai juice), and TKH4 (addition of 30% black glutinous rice tapai juice). Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if F count ≥ F table, it was continued with duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) at the 5% level. The results showed that the addition of black glutinous rice tapai juice had a significantly affected the degree of acidity (pH), total lactic acid, total LAB, protein content, sensory analysis (color, aroma, taste, viscosity) but did not significantly influence the ash content and fat contents. The selected treatment obtained was TKH3 = addition of 20% black glutinous rice tapai juice with a pH value 4.52, total lactic acid of 0.83%, total LAB of 10.28 log CFU/ml, ash content of 0.87%, protein content of 6.78%, fat content of 13.23%, with a description of whitish purple color, coconut milk and tapai aroma, tapai taste, and watery, as well as the overall hedonic assessment liked by panelists.
Fortifikasi Chlorella Terhadap Nilai Gizi Roti Manis Sebagai Inovasi Makanan Sehat
Authors: Iriani Dian , Putri Alvin Okthavia , W Sidauruk Santhy , Hasan Bustari , Sari N Ira 
Published: November 2024

Bread is a processed food made from wheat flour fermented with yeast and processed by baking. There are various types of bread, one of which is sweet bread. Sweet bread is bread that is consumed more often, has a sweet taste, and is easy to consume anytime and anywhere. This research aims to determine the effect of Chlorella sp powder fortification on the organoleptic and chemical quality characteristics of sweet bread. The research method used was an experimental method with 4 levels of treatment, namely without Chlorella powder (C0), 0,5 % Chlorella powder. (C0,5), 1,0% Chlorella powder. (C1,0), and 1,5% Chlorella powder. (C1,5). The parameters tested in this study were organoleptic and proximate tests (moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber). Based on organoleptic testing, the addition 1,0% of chlorella powder in the making of chlorella sweet bread was the best treatment, with the characteristics of a non-mouldy, attractive, and green appearance (6,95), a rather strong bread aroma and a slight aroma typical of Chlorella (7,56), the taste is quite sweet, typical of sweet bread and slight taste of Chlorella (7,99), soft texture (6.79) and the bread development volume was 1.47 cm3. Meanwhile, the proximate values of chlorella sweet bread in 1,0% fortification of chlorella powder were moisture (25,38%), ash (1,15%), protein (5,68%), fat (4,58%), carbohydrates (61,01%), and crude fiber (2,21%).
Pemanfaatan Pesawat Tanpa Awak Mode Fixed Wing sebagai Sarana Pengiriman Obat-obatan
Authors: Furqan Muhammad Mujahidin , Fajrin Hanifah Rahmi 
Published: November 2024

Tahun 2020 dunia digemparkan dengan adanya pandemi Covid-19 yang menjangkit puluhan juta warga dunia dan memakan banyak korban jiwa. Untuk itu berbagai keperluan logistik dan obat-obatan harus disalurkan secepat mungkin kepada penderita Covid-19. Selain itu, Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki banyak area yang sulit dijangkau oleh transportasi darat dan membutuhkan biaya yang besar jika menggunakan helikopter. Melihat hal ini, maka dibutuhkan pesawat tanpa awak (UAV) untuk melakukan pengiriman obat-obatan. UAV ini berupa pesawat fixed wing yang akan digunakan untuk mengantarkan kotak obat dengan variasi berat 0 kg, 500 gram, dan 1 kg. Selain itu juga dilakukan pengujian jarak, waktu dan kecepatan untuk mengetahui kemampuan pesawat dalam mengantarkan barang. Setelah dilakukan pengujian, untuk beban 1 kilogram, waktu yang dibutuhkan cenderung sedikit lebih lama dibandingkan dengan beban 500 gram untuk setiap jarak yang sama. Pengujian tanpa beban (0 kg) waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menempuh jarak tertentu cenderung meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan beban pesawat. Perbedaan waktu terbesar terjadi antara jarak 1 km dan 2 km (1,83 detik), sementara perbedaan waktu terkecil terjadi antara jarak 3 km dan 4 km (1,06 detik). Dari kesimpulan tersebut ada beberapa faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan seperti jarak dan beban dalam merancang dan mengevaluasi pengiriman menggunakan pesawat fixed wing.