bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination of Simplified Local Density Theory and Molecular Dynamics Simulation to Study the Local Density Distribution of Hydrocarbon Gas in Shale Gas Reservoir
Authors: Chang Qiuhao , Huang Liangliang , Wu Xingru 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The density distribution of hydrocarbon molecules in Nano-pore media affects the storage of gas, particular for shale reservoir which contains rich organic matters. The density distribution can reveal the adsorption effect which is related to the gas storage mechanism. In literature, researchers proposed using local density theory such as Lennard Jones Potential in lieu of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and laboratory measurement because of its high computation performance. Core sample study shows that many pores in organic matter have cylindrical shape, but the curvature effect on gas storage has not been studied. Therefore, the thorough validation of this approximation needs to be done for different pore geometries, particularly for a multiple components system. In this study, we propose to study the shale gas storage under the reservoir conditions by a thorough comparison between the Lennard Jones Potential with Peng-Robinson EoS (LJ-PREOS) and equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation for cylindrical pores. We first compare the LJ-PREOS for a single component, and then extend the study to a binary system. The purpose of this comparison to quantify the boundaries under which the LJ-PREOS can be used as a proxy to study the gas storage and adsorption effect in shale formation. After Comparing the results from equilibrium MD simulation with new SLD-PR model, for the single component system, the density on the both sides (close to the pore wall) is much higher than the density on the center, which means the cylindrical wall has a significant adsorption effect on methane molecule. For the binary component system, the mixture density distribution is similar to the single component system, which is higher density closer to the wall and lower density on the center. Furthermore, from the MD simulation results, for the density distribution of each single component in binary system, it is clearly show that both components are still under adsorption effect from the wall, but the butane molecule largely concentrate close to the edge of pore, which means the cylindrical wall has larger impact on butane molecule than methane molecule. With the validated model, we developed a framework to estimate the gas storage capacity of the organic matters in shale formation with different pore size distributions (PSD). Neglecting PSD may lead to 30% under estimation of gas storage in shale gas formation.
To our knowledge, this is first validation of cylindrical pore adsorption for a multiple components system using MD modeling even though many researchers have used this hypothesis in their studies. We also proposed a new framework of estimating gas storage capacity in shale formation without distinguishing the adsorption and free gases in the organic pores with the effect of pore size distribution.
Application of Descriptive Data Analytics: How to Properly Select the Best Ranges of Viscosity and Flow Rate for Optimal Hole Cleaning?
Authors: Alkinani Husam H. , Al-Hameedi Abo Taleb , Dunn-Norman Shari , Al-Alwani Mustafa A. , Lian David , Al-Bazzaz Waleed H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
It is not easy to obtain an optimal hole cleaning for the drilling operation because of the complicated relationship between the drilling parameters influencing hole cleaning. The two viscosity components (e.g. plastic viscosity (PV) and yield point (YP)) and the flow rate (Q) are essential parameters for effective hole cleaning. Thus, understanding the relationship between those parameters will contribute to efficient hole cleaning. The aim of this paper is to explore those relationships to provide optimal hole cleaning.
Descriptive data analytics was conducted for data of more than 2000 wells drilled in Southern Iraq. The data were first cleansed and outliers were removed using visual inspection and box plots. The Pearson correlation (PC), a widely used method to measure the linear relationship between two parameters, was utilized to access the relationships between PV and Q, YP and Q, and YP/PV and Q. Moreover, a 10% sensitivity analysis was escorted to quantify and comprehend those relationships.
The PCs were calculated to be 0.5, 0.076, and 0.22 for the relationships between YP, PV, and YP/PV with Q, respectively. YP had the highest direct relationship with Q, while PV had the lowest. When the YP increases, a sufficient Q has to be provided to initiate the flow and maintain the mud cycle. In addition, to prevent large solid particles from settling due to the slip velocity, sufficient annular and particle velocities have to be achieved. After initiating the flow, an increase in flow rate to overcome resistance due to PV will not be significant. Therefore, YP has more effect on Q than PV. To maximize hole cleaning, thickening ratio (YP/PV) should be increased. This requires an increase in flow rate, which can be quantified by using the sensitivity analysis provided to achieve the required Q for any increase in YP/PV.
Rationalizing the Concept of Net-to-Gross With Respect to Reservoir Heterogeneity and Flow Behavior Utilizing Machine Learning Analyses
Authors: Gorell Sheldon , Andrews Justin , Browning Jim 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Though seemingly straightforward, the concept of "net-to-gross" (NTG) is often a source of confusion. Its proper use is still being debated in some portions of the oil and gas industry. NTG is a method to account for non-reservoir quality rock when calculating oil volumes within a reservoir. This is normally accomplished by applying cutoffs to calculated quantities, such as porosity, which then get excluded from the volumetric calculation. To the extent there have been recent discussions of this, the focus has been primarily on how to determine appropriate cutoffs. There has been very little mention of the implications of using NTG in flow equations within a reservoir simulator. The paper discusses the derivation and implied assumptions for the simulator NTG formulation and possible errors and proposes modifications to account for inconsistencies.
Resolving the NTG flow equations can be viewed as an upscaling problem, subject to implied assumptions about reservoir continuity. Many fine-scale reservoir simulations were run to test this and to calibrate the NTG equations. The underlying attributes were sampled from a bimodal distribution, which represent pay and non-pay. The results show the effects of NTG ratio, values of fine-scale attributes and spatial correlation on steady state, single phase effective permeability and immiscible flow displacements. They demonstrate errors in effective horizontal and vertical permeability when using NTG within a simulator. These errors cause potentially significant differences in production responses between underlying detailed fine-scale models and coarser models. The results demonstrate a possible need for corrections to the simulator net-to-gross formulations due to underlying implied assumptions and inconsistencies. Some possible modifications are also presented. Both standard and machine learning techniques were used to analyze the results.
KIPIC Readiness Framework for Industry 4.0
Authors: AlFedaghi Hadla S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Industry 4.0 is also referred to as ‘the fourth industrial revolution’, reinforced by the rapid growth and development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Industry 4.0 represents the real-time digital integration of suppliers, products, equipment and customers, which brings many benefits including improved efficiency, lower costs, higher revenues and increased innovation [1]. Therefore, in this paper Kuwait Integrated Petroleum Industries Company (KIPIC) deploys a readiness multilayered framework and benefit metrics models to build the foundation and roadmap for successful progress towards Industry 4.0. KIPIC, with the privilege of being a greenfield company, intends to establish foundations for digitalisation and an integrated layer for all of its facilities, including Al-Zour refinery, petrochemical factory and liquefied natural gas. In this paper, a mixed of methodologies were used, including analysis of the literature, expertise and interviews with KIPIC CEO, DCEO(s), Managers and Team Leaders.
Blockchain-Based Digital Identity Management Scheme for Field Connected IoT Devices
Authors: AlQallaf Abdulaziz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We propose a design for securing machine-to-machine (M2M) communications for field connected IoT devices by using the blockchain technology for digital identity management. Our approach considers a fundamental issue with public key cryptography, which is certificate issuance, revocation, and distribution. The blockchain design eliminates the need for a single authority for identity management and provides security by design for digital identity management and distribution.
Examining the benefits and harms of Alzheimer’s disease screening for family members of older adults: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Fowler Nicole , Head Katherine J. , Perkins Anthony J. , Gao Sujuan , Callahan Christopher M. , Bakas Tamilyn , Suarez Shelley D. , Boustani Malaz A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Multiple national expert panels have identified early detection of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) as a national priority. However, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) does not currently support screening for ADRD in primary care given that the risks and benefits are unknown. The USPSTF stresses the need for research examining the impact of ADRD screening on family caregiver outcomes.
Methods: The Caregiver Outcomes of Alzheimer’s Disease Screening (COADS) is a randomized controlled trial that will examine the potential benefits or harms of ADRD screening on family caregivers. It will also compare the effectiveness of two strategies for diagnostic evaluation and management after ADRD screening. COADS will enroll 1,800 dyads, who will be randomized into three groups (n=600/group): Screening Only group will receive ADRD screening at baseline and disclosure of the screening results, with positive screen participants receiving a list of local resources for diagnostic follow-up; Screening Plus, ADRD screening at baseline coupled with disclosure of the screening results, with positive screen participants referred to a dementia collaborative care program for diagnostic evaluation and potential care; and Control, no screening. The COADS trial will measure the family member quality of life (primary outcome) and family member mood, anxiety, preparedness, and self-efficacy (secondary outcomes) at baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Additionally, the trial will examine the congruence of depressive and anxiety symptoms between older adults and family members at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months and compare the effectiveness of two strategies for diagnostic evaluation and management after ADRD screening between the two groups randomized to screening (Screening Only versus Screening Plus).
Discussion: We hypothesize that caregivers in the screening arms will express higher levels of health-related quality of life, lower depressive and anxiety symptoms, and better preparation for caregiving with higher self-efficacy at 24 months. Results from this study will directly inform the National Plan to Address Alzheimer’s Disease, the USPSTF and other organizations regarding ADRD screening and early detection policies.
A MYB-related Transcription Factor from Sheepgrass, LcMYB2, Promotes Seed Germination and Root Growth under Drought Stress
Authors: Zhao Pincang , Hou Shenglin , guo xiufang , Jia Junting , Yang Weiguang , Liu Zhujiang , Chen Shuangyan , Li Xiaoxia , Qi Dongmei , Liu Gongshe , Cheng Liqin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Drought is one of the most serious factors limiting plant growth and production. Sheepgrass can adapt well to various adverse conditions, including drought. However, during germination, sheepgrass young seedlings are sensitive to these adverse conditions. Therefore, the adaptability of seedlings is very important for plant survival, especially in plants that inhabit grasslands or the construction of artificial grassland. Results In this study, we found a sheepgrass MYB-related transcription factor, LcMYB2 that is up-regulated by drought stress and returns to a basal level after rewatering. The expression of LcMYB2 was mainly induced by osmotic stress and was localized to the nucleus. Furthermore, we demonstrate that LcMYB2 promoted seed germination and root growth under drought and ABA treatments. Additionally, we confirmed that LcMYB2 can regulate LcDREB2 expression in sheepgrass by binding to its promoter, and it activates the expression of the osmotic stress marker genes AtDREB2A, AtLEA14 and AtP5CS1 by directly binding to their promoters in transgenic Arabidopsis. Conclusions Based on these results, we propose that LcMYB2 improves plant drought stress tolerance by increasing the accumulation of osmoprotectants and promoting root growth. Therefore, LcMYB2 plays pivotal roles in plant responses to drought stress and is an important candidate for genetic manipulation to create drought-resistant crops, especially during seed germination.
Ruxolitinib shows activity against Hodgkin lymphoma but not primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kim Seok Jin , Yoon Dok Hyun , Kang Hye Jin , Hong Jung Yong , Lee Ho Sup , Oh Sung Yong , Shin Ho-Jin , Kong Jee Hyun , Yi Jun Ho , Sakamoto Kana , Ko Young Hyeh , Huh Jooryung , Lee Seung-Sook , Takeuchi Kengo , Shin Dong-Yeop , Suh Cheolwon , Kim Won Seog 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The upregulated expression of the JAK/STAT pathway promotes tumor growth in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL). Based on the hypothesis that JAK2 is a therapeutic target, we performed a prospective pilot study using ruxolitinib. Methods Relapsed or refractory patients with HL or PMBCL were eligible for this study, and JAK2 amplification was assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Ruxolitinib was administered orally at a dose of 20 mg twice daily for a 28-day cycle. Treatment was continued for up to 16 cycles or until progressive disease or intolerability. The primary objective was to assess the overall disease control rate comprising complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or stable disease (SD). Results We analyzed 13 HL patients and six PMBCL patients. All responders (one CR, five PR, and one SD) had HL whereas all cases of PMBCL progressed after first or second cycle. The disease control rate for HL was 54% (7/13) with median response duration of 5.6 months. JAK2 amplification was present in six of nine patients tested (four HL, two PMBCL), and three of these HL patients showed PR (n = 2) or SD (n = 1). None of the three HL patients shown to not have JAK2 amplification responded to ruxolitinib. Most treatment-related adverse events were grade 1 or 2 and manageable. Conclusions Ruxolitinib has single-agent activity against HL but does not act against PMBCL with or without JAK2 amplification.
Tele-transitions of Care (TTOC). A 12-month, Randomized Controlled Trial evaluating the use of Telehealth to achieve Triple Aim Objectives
Authors: Noel Kimberly , Messina Catherine , Hou Wei , Schoenfeld Elinor , Kelly Gerald 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Poor transitions of care leads to increased health costs, utilization and poor outcomes. This study evaluated Telehealth feasibility in improving transitions of care. Methods: This is a 12-month randomized controlled trial, evaluating the use of telehealth (remote patient monitoring and video visits) versus standard transitions of care with the outcomes of over utilization, access to care, medication management and adherence and patient engagement. Results: The study conducted between June 2017 and 2018, included 105 patients. Compared with the standard of care, Telehealth patients were more likely to have medicine reconciliation (p = 0.013) and were 7 times more likely to adhere to medication than the control group (p = 0.03). Telehealth patients exhibited enthusiasm (p = 0.0001), and confidence that Telehealth could improve their healthcare (p= 0.0001). Telehealth showed no statistical significance on ED utilization (p = 0.691) nor for readmissions (p = 0.31). 100% of Telehealth patients found the intervention to be valuable, 98% if given the opportunity, reported they would continue using telehealth to manage their healthcare needs, and 94% reported that the remote patient monitoring technology was useful. Conclusions: Telehealth can improve transitions of care after hospital discharge improving patient engagement and adherence to medications. Although this study was unable to show the effect of Telehealth on reduced healthcare utilization, more research needs to be done in order to understand the true impact of Telehealth on preventing avoidable hospital readmission and ED visits.
Pulmonary Metastasectomy versus Continued Active Monitoring in Colorectal Cancer (PulMiCC): a multi-centre randomized clinical trial
Authors: Treasure Tom , Farewell Vern , Macbeth Fergus , Monson Kathryn , Williams Norman R , Graves Chris-Brew , Lees Belinda , Grigg Olivia , Fallowfield Lesley 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract (348/of 350 allowed)
Background: Lung metastasectomy in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer has been widely adopted without good evidence of survival or palliative benefit. We aimed to test its effectiveness in a randomised trial (RCT).

Methods: Multidisciplinary teams in 13 hospitals recruited participants with potentially resectable lung metastases to a multicentre 2-arm RCT comparing active monitoring with or without metastasectomy. Other local or systemic treatments were decided by the local team. Randomisation was remote and stratified by site with minimisation for age, sex, primary cancer stage, interval since primary resection, prior liver involvement, the number of metastases, and carcinoembryonic antigen. The central trial management group were blind to patient allocation until completion of the analysis. Analysis was on intention to treat with a margin for non-inferiority of 10%.

Results: Between December 2010 and December 2016, 65 participants were randomised. Characteristics were well-matched in the two arms and similar to those in reported studies: age 35 to 86 (Inter Quartile Range (IQR) 60 to 74); primary resection IQR 16 to 35 months previously; stage at resection T1, 2 or 3 in 3, 8 and 46; N1 or N2 in 31 and 26; unknown in 8. Lung metastases 1 to 5 (median 2); 16/65 had previous liver metastases; carcinoembryonic antigen normal in 55/65. There were no other interventions in the first 6 months, no cross overs from control to treatment, and no treatment-related deaths or major adverse events. Hazard ratio for death within 5 years, comparing metastasectomy with control, was 0.82 (95%CI 0.43, 1.56).

Conclusions: Because of poor and worsening recruitment, the study was stopped. The small number of participants in the trial (N=65) precludes a conclusive answer to the research question given the large overlap in the confidence intervals in the proportions still alive at all time points. A widely held belief is that the five-year absolute survival benefit with metastasectomy is about 35%: 40% after metastasectomy compared to <5% in controls. The estimated survival in this study was 38% (23-62%) for metastasectomy patients and 29% (16-52%) in the well-matched controls. That is the new and important finding of this RCT.

Funding: Cancer Research UK funding Grant No. C7678/A11393
Trial registration: Clintrial.gov
Registration number: NCT01106261
Date 19 th April 2010
SPS-neutralization in tissue samples for efficacy testing of antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Dijksteel Gabrielle , Nibbering Peter , Ulrich Magda , Middelkoop Esther , Boekema Bouke 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Accurate determination of the efficacy of antimicrobial agents requires neutralization of residual antimicrobial activity in the samples before microbiological assessment of the number of surviving bacteria. Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) is a known neutralizer for the antimicrobial activity of aminoglycosides and polymyxins. In this study, we evaluated the ability of SPS to neutralize residual antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial peptides [SAAP-148 and pexiganan; 1% (wt/v) in PBS], antibiotics [mupirocin (Bactroban) and fusidic acid (Fucidin) in ointments; 2% (wt/wt))] and disinfectants [2% (wt/wt) silver sulfadiazine cream (SSD) and 0.5% (v/v) chlorhexidine in 70% alcohol].
Methods
Homogenates of human skin models that had been exposed to various antimicrobial agents for 1 h were pipetted on top of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on agar plates to determine whether the antimicrobial agents display residual activity.
To determine the optimal concentration of SPS for neutralization, antimicrobial agents were mixed with PBS or increasing doses of SPS in PBS (0.05-1% wt/v) and then 10^5 colony forming units (CFU)/mL MRSA were added. After 30 min incubation, the number of viable bacteria was assessed. Next, the in vitro efficacy of SAAP-148 against various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was determined using PBS or 0.05% (wt/v) SPS immediately after 30 min incubation of the mixture. Additionally, ex vivo excision wound models were inoculated with 10^5 CFU MRSA for 1 h and exposed to SAAP-148, pexiganan, chlorhexidine or PBS for 1 h. Subsequently, samples were homogenized in PBS or 0.05% (wt/v) SPS and the number of viable bacteria was assessed.
Results
All tested antimicrobials displayed residual activity in tissue samples, resulting in a lower recovery of surviving bacteria on agar. SPS concentrations at ≥0.05% (wt/v) were able to neutralize the antimicrobial activity of SAAP-148, pexiganan and chlorhexidine, but not of SSD, Bactroban and Fucidin. Finally, SPS-neutralization in in vitro and ex vivo efficacy tests of SAAP-148, pexiganan and chlorhexidine against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria resulted in significantly higher numbers of CFU compared to control samples without SPS-neutralization.
Conclusion
SPS was successfully used to neutralize residual activity of SAAP-148, pexiganan and chlorhexidine and this prevented an overestimation of their efficacy.