bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“I will leave the baby with my mother”: Long‐distance travel and follow‐up care among HIV‐positive pregnant and postpartum women in South Africa
Authors: Clouse Kate , Fox Matthew P , Mongwenyana Constance , Motlhatlhedi Molebogeng , Buthelezi Sizakele , Bokaba Dorah , Norris Shane A , Bassett Jean , Lurie Mark N , Aronoff David M , Vermund Sten H 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionIt is common in urban African settings for postpartum women to temporarily return to family in distant settings. We sought to explore mobility among peripartum HIV‐positive women to understand the timing and motivation of travel, particularly vis‐à‐vis delivery, and how it may affect healthcare access.MethodsUsing the same mobility measurements within three different studies, we examined long‐distance travel of mother and infant before and after delivery in three diverse clinics within greater Johannesburg, South Africa (n = 150). Participants were interviewed prior to delivery at two sites (n = 125) and after delivery at one (n = 25). Quantitative and qualitative results are reported.ResultsAmong 150 women, median age was 29 years (IQR: 26 to 34) and 36.3% were employed. Overall, 76.7% of the participants were born in South Africa: 32.7% in Gauteng Province (Johannesburg area) and 44.0% in other South African provinces, but birthplace varied greatly by site. Almost half (44.0%) planned to travel around delivery; nearly all after delivery. Median duration of stay was 30 days (IQR: 24 to 90) overall, but varied from 60 days at two sites to just 7 days at another. Participants discussed travel to eight of South Africa's nine provinces and four countries. Travel most frequently was to visit family, typically to receive help with the new baby. Nearly all the employed participants planned to return to work in Johannesburg after delivery, sometimes leaving the infant in the care of family outside of Johannesburg. All expressed their intent to continue HIV care for themselves and their infant, but few planned to seek care at the destination site, and care for the infant was emphasized over care for the mother.ConclusionsWe identified frequent travel in the peripartum period with substantial differences in travel patterns by site. Participants more frequently discussed seeking care for the infant than for themselves. HIV‐exposed children often were left in the care of family members in distant areas. Our results show the frequent mobility of women and infants in the peripartum period. This underscores the challenge of ensuring a continuity of HIV care in a fragmented healthcare system that is not adapted for a mobile population.
Time‐frequency analysis and classification of power signals using adaptive cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Biswal Birendra , Karn Prakash Kumar , Sairam M.V.S. , Surekhabolli B. Rupa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new approach to Hilbert energy spectrum and pattern recognition of nonstationary power signals is presented in this paper. In the proposed work, visual localization, detection, and classification of nonstationary power signals are achieved using Hilbert transform (HT)–based adaptive local iterative filter (ALIF). The HT is applied on all the intrinsic mode functions that are obtained from both empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ALIF to extract instantaneous amplitude and frequency components. The instantaneous Hilbert energy spectrum results in clear visual detection, localization, and classification of the different power signal disturbances. The visual energy spectrum by Hilbert‐Huang Transform (HHT) on ALIF showing a better result than HHT applied on EMD. The feature vectors are extracted from the Hilbert energy spectrum for automatic pattern recognition of various nonstationary signals using a traditional fuzzy C‐means algorithm (FCMA). Finally, the center of the cluster is further optimized using fuzzy C‐means–based adaptive cuckoo search algorithm. The average classification accuracy of the disturbances is 91.25% and 99.25% using fuzzy C‐means and adaptive cuckoo search–based FCMA, respectively.
Raman microscopy for the identification of pearlescent pigments in acrylic works of art
Authors: Angelin Eva Mariasole , Babo Sara , Ferreira Joana Lia , Melo Maria João 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work, pearlescent pigments used to create luster in poly(methyl methacrylate) artworks by Ângelo de Sousa (1938–2011) were identified in an effort to predict their possible degradation. Raman microscopy was used, in situ, to identify plumbonacrite and bismuth oxychloride. Unequivocal characterization of plumbonacrite and bismuth oxychloride was made possible by comparison with reference materials, synthesized for this study. The vibrational pattern (infrared and Raman) of both pigments is discussed. Based on their Raman ν1 stretching mode at around 1050 cm−1, we show that it is possible to differentiate between the two basic lead carbonates that are both reported in the literature to be pearlescent: hydrocerussite Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2 and plumbonacrite Pb5(CO3)3O(OH)2. Raman microscopy was thus, for the first time, used as fingerprint tool for the molecular identification of pearlescent pigments in plastic materials. Based on these findings, better‐informed conservation strategies for the acrylic sculptures will be developed.
Influence of Ultrasound System and Gain on Grayscale Median Values
Authors: Steffel Catherine N. , Brown Roger , Korcarz Claudia E. , Varghese Tomy , Stein James H. , Wilbrand Stephanie M. , Dempsey Robert J. , Mitchell Carol C. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of grayscale median (GSM) measurements across different ultrasound (US) systems and effects of gain on GSM values.MethodsTwo vessels in a grayscale vascular phantom were imaged with 7 US systems at 3 gain settings. Two human participants were imaged at 3 gain settings. Each image was normalized, standardized, and segmented by expert and novice readers using grayscale analysis software. The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) assessed agreement of GSM values for each system across gain settings and vessels and between readers. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) assessed system‐level reader concordance across gain settings and vessels. A general linear mixed model for repeated measures was used to assess within‐ and between‐system mean GSM values.ResultsGrayscale median measurements performed on images from the same US system yielded excellent (CCC) (95% confidence intervals): 0.85 (0.75, 0.92) to 0.96 (0.92, 0.98). ICC per system were 0.94 to 0.98 for the expert reader and 0.85 to 0.95 for the novice reader. Gain adjustments above and below an optimal setting contributed to significantly different intrasystem GSM values on 4 of 7 systems in the near zone and 5 of 7 systems in the far zone (P < .05). Intersystem GSM values differed on 5 of 7 systems (P < .05). Images from the human participants showed differences in GSM values at optimum gain values ± 10 dB/%.ConclusionsGrayscale median measurements are highly reproducible when obtained from the same US system with similar gain settings. Grayscale median values differ significantly across gain values and between systems. Researchers should consider the impact of US system and gain settings on GSM values when working to minimize system‐ and operator‐dependent factors.
Topography of Vertebral Artery Origin Plaques: Characteristics and Determinants
Authors: Simonetto Marialaura , DeSousa Keith , Campo Nelly , Pandey Vikas , Koch Sebastian 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAtherosclerotic plaques located at the vertebral artery ostium (VAo) are a mechanism for posterior circulation stroke, but little is known about VAo plaque topography and formation. In this study, we describe the topography of atherosclerotic plaques involving the origin of the vertebral artery (VA).MethodsCross‐sectional analyses of extracranial duplex studies were performed, and VAo plaques were classified based on their topography in 3 groups: (1) exclusively at the VA ostium; (2) predominantly subclavian, with extension into the vertebral ostium; and (3) predominantly ostial, with extension into the subclavian artery). Chi‐square and analysis of variance tests were performed to investigate the association between VAo plaque topography and continuous and categorical variables, respectively.ResultsA total of 99 of 481 (21%) ultrasound duplex studies showed VAo plaques. The majority of the plaques (60%) were found to extend from the subclavian to the ostium. Plaques occurred more frequently at the medial wall of the VAo. No vascular risk factors were associated with plaque formation; however, women were more likely to have plaques involving predominantly or exclusively the VAo (P = .004).ConclusionsWe describe 3 different patterns of VAo involvement in patients with ostial atherosclerotic VA disease. VAo plaques occurred almost exclusively at the medial wall of the vessel. Women had more plaques involving predominantly the origin. Prospective studies are needed to investigate the clinical significance of these findings.
Emergency Department Resource Use in Pediatric Pneumonia: Point‐of‐Care Lung Ultrasonography versus Chest Radiography
Authors: Harel‐Sterling Maya , Diallo Mamadou , Santhirakumaran Sabeena , Maxim Timea , Tessaro Mark 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesPoint‐of‐care lung ultrasonography (US) is an alternative to chest radiography for imaging of suspected community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. We compared pediatric emergency department (ED) time metrics between children who received point‐of‐care lung US versus chest radiography. Secondary objectives were comparisons of health system costs and other resources in these imaging groups.MethodsThis work was a retrospective matched cohort study of children aged 0 to 18 years in an academic urban pediatric ED who were imaged for suspected CAP with either point‐of‐care lung US or chest radiography.ResultsA total of 202 patients (101 in each group) were included in the study. The point‐of‐care lung US group spent a mean of 75.9 (SE, 14.3) minutes less from physician assessment to discharge (P < .0001) and 60.9 (SE, 18.1) minutes less in the overall ED length of stay (P = .0008). Physician billings and facility fees were both significantly lower (P < .0001) in the point‐of‐care lung US group, for a mean health systems savings of CAN$187.1 (SE, CAN$21.9).ConclusionsIn children undergoing imaging for suspected CAP in our pediatric ED, point‐of‐care lung US by pediatric emergency medicine physicians was associated with decreased time and cost compared with chest radiography.
Influence of Magnetic Nanoparticles on PISA Preparation of Poly(Methacrylic Acid)‐b‐Poly(Methylmethacrylate) Nano‐Objects
Authors: Upadhyaya Lakshmeesha , Egbosimba Chidubem , Qian Xianghong , Wickramasinghe Ranil , Fernández‐Pacheco Rodrigo , Coelhoso Isabel M. , Portugal Carla A. M. , Crespo João G. , Quemener Damien , Semsarilar Mona 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article presents the synthesis of poly(methacrylic acid)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer via polymerization‐induced self‐assembly in the presence of iron‐oxide nanoparticles. Detailed phase diagrams with and without inorganic nanoparticles were constructed. Scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray photometry studies confirme the decoration of the polymeric nanoparticles with the iron‐oxide nanoparticles. These hybrid nanoparticles were used to prepare porous thin film membranes by spin coating. Finally, the magneto‐responsive properties of the membranes were assessed using water filtration tests in the presence and absence of a magnetic field.
Friction stir welding of thick section Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cu aluminum alloy
Authors: Rao T. Srinivasa , Rao S.R. Koteswara , Reddy G. Madhusudhan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFriction stir butt welding of 25 mm thick AA7075–T651 plates has been investigated. Careful process parameter selection resulted in single pass, full‐penetration defect free welds. The weld nugget exhibits a significant grain refinement while facing the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. Microhardness survey gives a W‐shaped profile with lower hardness values recorded in the thermo‐mechanically‐affected zone. Tensile fractures occur, again, in the thermo‐mechanically‐affected zone, where minimum hardness occurred. The friction stir welds demonstrate an excellent root bend performance while falling behind base material in face bend test. The welds also displayed outstanding impact toughness compared to that of parent material. It is concluded that defect free single pass friction stir welds can be successfully made on 25 mm thick AA7075–T651 plates.
Identifying process parameters influencing gear runout
Authors: Olofsson A. , Köhn M. , Jonsson S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe hardening distortions with respect to base body, clutch teeth and helical gears are investigated for a serial‐produced main shaft gear of a 20NiCrMoS6‐4 steel. The influences of casting geometry, annealing heat treatment and stress relief annealing of blanks, as well as vertical and horizontal loading arrangements during case hardening, are studied. The concentricity, roundness and runout of clutch teeth and helical gears are measured in the soft machined, hardened and hard‐machined conditions. The Brinell hardness is measured on blanks obtained from different manufacturing routes showing differences in hardness and scatter. Stress relief annealing lowers the hardness and the scatter for all groups, but has no significant effect on distortions. The case depth, core hardness and surface hardness are measured after hardening. The study shows that the surface hardness correlates with the oil flow measured in the quench tank. The effect of casting geometry is stronger for the clutch teeth compared to the helical gears. For the clutch‐teeth roundness and runout, significantly lower values are found for square geometry compared to rectangular. It is also seen that the major part of the runout comes from roundness errors which are mainly induced by the hardening. Horizontal loading reduces roundness errors and runout but produces conical base‐bodies with worse backplane flatness.
Fused glass deposition modelling for applications in the built environment
Authors: Seel M. , Akerboom R. , Knaack U. , Oechsner M. , Hof P. , Schneider J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFor the built environment and for engineers, glass is an indispensable material with unique properties. Recent developments have shown that there is a potential market for additive manufacturing technology in the building industry, based on the production with a relatively small amount of repetitions and the tendency of applying technological innovations for advanced buildings. This paper focusses on the potential of fusing glass filaments on a glass base plate in order to develop a scientific base to create a process that is able to print 3D glass on glass plates for applications in the building industry. These fused components could eliminate boreholes for joints in glass panes including related disadvantages. Also, the fused deposition glass components can be a potential reinforcement of flat glass. Therefore, the fusing of soda lime silicate glass and borosilicate glass has been investigated. Based on these experiences, samples with different glass thicknesses are manufactured and the fused components are tested for their bending strength. The manufactured samples are analysed with polarized images, 3D computer tomography, microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. This paper describes, presents and discusses the results of the investigations, and demonstrates that load transfer via fused glass joints is possible in principle.
The quality of randomized controlled trials of psychotherapy for eating disorders
Authors: Grenon Renee , McKenna Alena , Maxwell Hilary , Carlucci Samantha , Brugnera Agostino , Schwartze Dominique , Hammond Nicole , Ivanova Iryna , Mcquaid Nancy , Proulx Genevieve , Tasca Giorgio A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included direct comparisons of psychotherapy for adults with an eating disorder (ED).MethodThirty‐five direct comparison RCTs of psychotherapy for adults diagnosed with an ED were rated using the Randomized Controlled Trials Psychotherapy Quality Rating Scale (RCT‐PQRS).ResultsThe mean total RCT‐PQRS score (mean = 28.26; SD = 7.04) was in line with those that were reported for RCTs of psychotherapy for depression and anxiety disorders. Several standards of quality were unfulfilled by over half of the RCTs of treatment for EDs, including therapist supervision while treatment was being provided (62.9% unfulfilled); outcome assessment performed by raters blind to treatment group/condition (54% unfulfilled); and adequate sample size (66% unfulfilled). More recent RCTs were of higher quality, and higher quality was moderately associated with lower effect sizes.ConclusionsTo improve the quality of RCTs of psychotherapy of EDs, we recommend that researchers address the quality criteria listed in the RCT‐PQRS. Psychotherapy trials should be registered, have a published protocol, and be reported following the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials guidelines. Authors should take into account the quality of the research when using that research to inform ED treatment guidelines.
Is triceps hypertrophy associated with ulnar nerve luxation?
Authors: Michael Arwed E. , Young Peter 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe mechanism of ulnar nerve luxation is unclear, but the triceps brachii muscle may be a contributing factor. Therefore, we explored whether hypertrophy of the triceps brachii muscle is more frequently accompanied by nerve luxation.MethodsIn this investigation we used a cross‐sectional design to study a group of amateur bodybuilders (n = 31) in a comparison with a group of age‐matched healthy controls (n = 31). Triceps hypertrophy was determined clinically and sonographically. The position of the ulnar nerve in relation to the medial epicondyle was classified according to a graded (0–4) scale.ResultsIn full flexion of 62 hypertrophic arms, 22 (35.5%) revealed subluxation and 27 (43.5%) complete luxation. In the controls, 21 (33.9%) demonstrated subluxation and 10 (16.1%) complete luxation.DiscussionThe higher frequency of ulnar nerve luxation in arms with hypertrophic triceps indicates that triceps muscle mass may be a factor contributing to ulnar nerve luxation. Muscle Nerve 58: 523–527, 2018
Musculocutaneous neuropathy
Authors: O'Gorman Cullen M. , Kassardjian Charles , Sorenson Eric J. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Isolated musculocutaneous neuropathy is uncommon. In this study we aimed to determine its causes and clinical presentation and interpret the electrodiagnostic findings associated with this condition. Methods: Our investigation was a retrospective review of patients diagnosed with musculocutaneous neuropathy at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) electromyography (EMG) laboratory between 1997 and 2015. Results: Thirty‐two patients with musculocutaneous neuropathy and 5 patients with lateral antebrachial cutaneous neuropathy were identified. The most common cause was acute trauma or surgery (65%). Fourteen percent of the cases were idiopathic and 14% were inflammatory. Pain and sensory disturbance were more common presentations than weakness. Weakness from nerve injury was not noted in 2 patients, suggesting that other muscles may provide adequate elbow flexion/supination. The bilateral absence of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve sensory responses suggests an inflammatory cause. Discussion: Musculocutaneous neuropathy usually results from trauma or iatrogenic injury. Nerve conduction studies alone are insufficient to confirm neuropathy, and needle EMG examination should be a routine part of the diagnostic evaluation. Muscle Nerve 58: 726–729, 2018
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis–specific quality of life–short form (ALSSQOL‐SF): A brief, reliable, and valid version of the ALSSQOL‐R
Authors: Felgoise Stephanie H. , Feinberg Richard , Stephens Helen E. , Barkhaus Paul , Boylan Kevin , Caress James , Clawson Lora L. , Elman Lauren , Goutman Stephen A. , Mccluskey Leo , Russell James , Tiryaki Ezgi , Weiss Michael , Simmons Zachary 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)‐Specific Quality of Life instrument and its revised version (ALSSQOL and ALSSQOL‐R) have strong psychometric properties, and have demonstrated research and clinical utility. In this study we aimed to develop a short form (ALSSQOL‐SF) suitable for limited clinic time and patient stamina. Methods: The ALSSQOL‐SF was created using Item Response Theory and confirmatory factor analysis on 389 patients. A cross‐validation sample of 162 patients assessed convergent, divergent, and construct validity of the ALSSQOL‐SF compared with psychosocial and physical functioning measures. Results: The ALSSQOL‐SF consisted of 20 items. Compared with the ALSSQOL‐R, optimal precision was retained, and completion time was reduced from 15–25 minutes to 2–4 minutes. Psychometric properties for the ALSSQOL‐SF and its subscales were strong. Discussion: The ALSSQOL‐SF is a disease‐specific global QOL instrument that has a short administration time suitable for clinical use, and can provide clinically useful, valid information about persons with ALS. Muscle Nerve 58: 646–654, 2018
Optimal location for eliciting the tibial H‐reflex and motor response
Authors: Özyurt Mustafa Görkem , Shabsog Mohammed , Dursun Merve , Türker Kemal S. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Although there are numerous protocols to adjust the amplitude of the Hoffmann reflex (H‐reflex) relative to the size of the direct motor response (M‐response), the optimal stimulating location has not been described. We sought to determine the optimal positioning of the stimulating cathode when evoking the tibial nerve H‐reflex and M‐response. Methods: A small cathode was placed on defined points in the popliteal fossa while an anode was fixed on the patella. The tibial nerve was stimulated electrically, and the response of the soleus muscle was recorded using intramuscular and surface electromyography. Results: We found that more‐lateral points along a line drawn across the popliteal fossa were the best locations to obtain only the M‐response, whereas stimulating the midpoint was optimal for obtaining only the H‐reflex. Discussion: By using specified locations for electrical stimulation to evoke H‐reflex and M‐response, the functionality of the tibial nerve can be assessed. Muscle Nerve 58:828–833, 2018