bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and Characteristics of the Subsurface Eddies in the Aleutian Basin, Bering Sea
Authors: Zhang Kun , Song Haibin , Meng Linghan , Yang Shun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSubsurface eddies, characterized by their cores located within or below the pycnocline, can transport materials over long distances in the ocean's interior. Observations of these eddies are sparse, limiting our understanding of their regional distribution and detailed horizontal structures, particularly in high‐latitude areas. The Bering Sea, situated in the subarctic region, is among the world's most productive areas and significantly influences the Arctic Ocean's state, thereby impacting climate change. In this study, we utilize ultrahigh resolution (approximately 10 m) data to investigate the distribution and characteristics of subsurface eddies in the Aleutian Basin, Bering Sea. We detected 44 subsurface eddies in 13 survey transects and analyzed their morphological and hydrographic characteristics, spatial distribution, propagation, and transport. The results show that the average core radius of the subsurface eddies is about 11.62 km and they exhibit complex structures in both the core and flank regions. The dichothermal layer cold‐core eddies are prevalent in the deep‐water region of the Bering Sea, contributing approximately 1.76 Sv poleward and westward transport in the subsurface layer. This is the first three‐dimensional depiction of subsurface eddies in the Bering Sea, revealing that the prevalence of subsurface eddies in the Bering Sea may have been negligent, with significant implications for the hydrographic and biogeochemical properties of both the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean. More detailed comprehensive and long‐term observations should be made to assess the global impact of subsurface eddies in the future.
Elevated Heterotrophic Prokaryotic Production Supported by Low Nucleic Acid Prokaryotes at a Cyclonic Eddy Edge in the Northwest Pacific
Authors: Ni Junyi , Chen Mingming , Shen Jiaming , Liu Li , Jiang Zong‐Pei , Zhou Kuanbo , Li Xiaolin , Dai Minhan , Zhang Yao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe cyclonic eddy uplifts nutrient‐rich seawater into the euphotic zone, typically directly enhancing phytoplankton abundance and primary production. However, its impact on heterotrophic prokaryotic production (HPP) remains unclear due to the complex interplay of multiple indirect factors governing this process. Here, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the distribution of picophytoplankton and heterotrophic prokaryotes, prokaryotic community structure, and HPP within a cyclonic eddy in the western North Pacific subtropical gyre. The results indicated that despite the higher abundance of picophytoplankton accompanied by nutrient upwelling at the eddy core compared to the edge, higher levels of HPP were observed at the eddy edge between 100 and 200 m, consistent with the distribution of the low nucleic acid content (LNA) prokaryotes. The significant positive correlation between HPP and the proportion of LNA group in total heterotrophic prokaryotes suggested a primary contribution from the LNA group over the high nucleic acid content (HNA) group. SAR11, a typical member of the LNA group, may primarily contribute to the elevated HPP observed at the eddy edge. The changes in temperature, nutrients, and light intensity induced by the cyclonic eddy may significantly influence the distribution and activity of HNA and LNA groups, potentially exerting a greater impact on HPP compared to phytoplankton‐related factors. These findings contribute to understanding the underlying mechanisms of HPP responses to cyclonic eddies in the oligotrophic open ocean.
Implementing Parameterizations of Sub‐Pixel Terrain Long‐Wave Radiative Effect for FY‐4A/AGRI Infrared Data Assimilation Over Land Based on the Community Radiative Transfer Model
Authors: Li Xin , Huang Anning , Zeng Mingjian , Wu Yang , Gu Chunlei , Wang Ning 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe sub‐pixel terrain long‐wave radiative effect (STLRE) plays an important role in the satellite surface‐sensitive infrared brightness temperature (TB) simulation over rugged areas, however, it is absent in current radiative transfer models. This study incorporates a STLRE scheme in the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) for the FY‐4A/Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI). The total surface downwelling long‐wave radiance (SDLR) over rugged areas at sub‐pixel is composed of the radiance from the overlying atmosphere under plane‐parallel radiation condition and the radiance emitted from surrounding terrains, weighted by the sky view factor (SKV). Based on the homogenous assumption, a STLRE scheme is established through constructing terrain correction factors at AGRI pixel scale. The ExpCTL/ExpTOPO experiments with the CRTM adopting the plane‐parallel scheme/STLRE scheme are conducted to evaluate the simulations of AGRI clear‐sky TB over the rugged areas. Results show that considering the STLRE can significantly reduce the orography dependent simulation biases in the plane‐parallel scheme. The reductions of biases for the AGRI channel 11–13 regionally averaged over the rugged areas are 64.2%, 72.7% and 67.6%, respectively. Stable correction performance is found at different times of the day. Meanwhile, the corrections of SDLR are more obvious in winter than in summer, and in barren condition than in the other land cover types. This is theoretically attributed to the land‐air temperature difference and the land surface emissivity, respectively. This pilot study improves the observation operator for infrared TB data assimilation over complex terrain and exhibits broad promotion and application value.
The Cold Bias in the Surface Air Temperature Simulations Over the Tibetan Plateau of RegCM4 Reduced by Adopting the 3D Sub‐Grid Terrain Longwave Radiative Effect Scheme
Authors: Gu Chunlei , Huang Anning , Li Xin , Wu Yang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe 3D sub‐grid terrain longwave radiative effects (3DSTLRE), which significantly regulate the surface downward longwave radiation (SDLR) in the mountainous regions, are not described in current numerical models. We incorporated a 3DSTLRE scheme into RegCM4 to assess its influence on modeling the surface air temperature (SAT) across the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Results show that the RegCM4 adopting the parallel‐plane longwave radiative scheme significantly underestimates the SAT over TP, this underestimation of SAT is clearly mitigated by considering 3DSTLRE, with the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased by 9%. The SAT simulations are improved more noticeable over western TP than entire TP and more evident at nighttime than at daytime in different seasons. Further analysis indicates that the improvement of SAT simulations over the rugged areas of TP is primarily benefited from the improved SDLR simulations. In the absence of the 3DSTLRE scheme, RegCM4 markedly underestimates SDLR by 20 W·m−2 over the entire TP, this underestimation can be greatly reduced by 15 W·m−2 through adopting the 3DSTLRE scheme, with the RMSE reduced by more than 40% over the rugged edges of TP. The increased SDLR induced by the 3DSTLRE is mainly transformed into sensible heat flux to warm the near surface air, further leading to reduced cold bias of SAT produced by the RegCM4 without 3DSTLRE. Better representing the TP thermal condition can enhance the simulation of East Asian monsoon. Therefore, incorporating the 3DSTLRE scheme in numerical models can potentially improve the ability in simulating and predicting the East Asian monsoon.
Interhemispheric Asymmetry in the High‐Latitude Neutral Density Variations During the 13–14 March 2022 Storm
Authors: Zhu Qingyu , Lu Gang , Vines Sarah , Hairston Marc 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDuring the second recovery phase of the 13–14 March 2022 storm, intense high‐latitude neutral mass density spikes are detected by satellites at ∼500 km in both hemispheres. These density spikes, accurately modeled by the Global Ionospheric Thermosphere Model (GITM), are identified as high‐latitude neutral mass density anomalies (HDAs). The GITM simulation indicates that these HDAs, which extends over the polar region, are important features in high‐latitude neutral density. Furthermore, GITM reveals that these HDAs are manifestations of transpolar traveling atmospheric disturbances triggered on the dawn side. Moreover, GITM also reveals significant interhemispheric asymmetries (IHAs) in the magnitude, propagation speed, and propagation direction of HDAs, which are linked to the IHAs in the distribution and magnitude of Joule heating deposited as well as the thermospheric background conditions. This study presents a dynamic perspective on the IHA of storm‐time high‐latitude neutral density variations that is particularly helpful to the proper interpretation of satellite observations.
An optomechanical MEMS geophone with a 2.5 ng/Hz1/2 noise floor for oil/gas exploration
Authors: Jiao Shimin , Qu Ziqiang , Ma Xujin , Ouyang Hao , Xiong Wen , Zhang Shaolin , Wang Qiu , Liu Huafeng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh-precision geophones play crucial roles in terrestrial applications such as oil and gas exploration as well as seismic monitoring. The development of optomechanical precision measurements provides a new design method for geophones, offering higher sensitivity and smaller dimensions compared to traditional geophones. In this work, we introduce an optomechanical microelectromechanical system (MEMS) geophone based on a plano-concave Fabry‒Perot (F–P) microcavity, which has a high sensitivity of 146 V/g. The F‒P microcavity consists of a movable mirror on the sensing element and a fixed hemispherical micromirror fabricated from silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and monocrystalline silicon wafers, respectively. The experimental results show that the geophone has a low noise floor of 2.5 ng/Hz1/2 (with a displacement noise floor of 6.2 fm/Hz1/2) within the frequency range of 100~200 Hz, a broad bandwidth of 500 Hz (–3 dB), and a measurement range of ±4 mg. To mitigate common-mode noise originating from the laser source and environmental factors such as temperature and air fluctuations, a balanced detection method is employed. This method substantially reduces the noise floor, nearly reaching the thermal noise limit (2.5 ng/Hz1/2). Furthermore, a compactly packaged optomechanical MEMS geophone with a diameter of 40 mm is demonstrated. The high performance and robust features hold great potential for applications in oil and gas exploration.
Highly dispersive multiplexed micromechanical device array for spatially resolved sensing and actuation
Authors: Gregorat Leonardo , Cautero Marco , Vicarelli Leonardo , Giuressi Dario , Bagolini Alvise , Tredicucci Alessandro , Cautero Giuseppe , Pitanti Alessandro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe powerful resource of parallelizing simple devices for realizing and enhancing complex operations comes with the drawback of multiple connections for addressing and controlling the individual elements. Here we report on a technological platform where several mechanical resonators can be individually probed and electrically actuated by using dispersive multiplexing within a single electrical channel. We demonstrate room temperature control of the individual device vibrational motion and spatially-resolved readouts. As the single elements have proven to be excellent bolometers and individual nodes for reservoir computing, our platform can be directly employed for single-channel addressing of multiple devices, with immediate applications for far-infrared cameras, spatial light modulators and recurrent neural networks operating at room temperature.
Epigenetics-targeted drugs: current paradigms and future challenges
Authors: Dai Wanlin , Qiao Xinbo , Fang Yuanyuan , Guo Renhao , Bai Peng , Liu Shuang , Li Tingting , Jiang Yutao , Wei Shuang , Na Zhijing , Xiao Xue , Li Da 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEpigenetics governs a chromatin state regulatory system through five key mechanisms: DNA modification, histone modification, RNA modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation. These mechanisms and their associated enzymes convey genetic information independently of DNA base sequences, playing essential roles in organismal development and homeostasis. Conversely, disruptions in epigenetic landscapes critically influence the pathogenesis of various human diseases. This understanding has laid a robust theoretical groundwork for developing drugs that target epigenetics-modifying enzymes in pathological conditions. Over the past two decades, a growing array of small molecule drugs targeting epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and enhancer of zeste homolog 2, have been thoroughly investigated and implemented as therapeutic options, particularly in oncology. Additionally, numerous epigenetics-targeted drugs are undergoing clinical trials, offering promising prospects for clinical benefits. This review delineates the roles of epigenetics in physiological and pathological contexts and underscores pioneering studies on the discovery and clinical implementation of epigenetics-targeted drugs. These include inhibitors, agonists, degraders, and multitarget agents, aiming to identify practical challenges and promising avenues for future research. Ultimately, this review aims to deepen the understanding of epigenetics-oriented therapeutic strategies and their further application in clinical settings.
New-to-nature CO2-dependent acetyl-CoA assimilation enabled by an engineered B12-dependent acyl-CoA mutase
Authors: Schulz-Mirbach Helena , Wichmann Philipp , Satanowski Ari , Meusel Helen , Wu Tong , Nattermann Maren , Burgener Simon , Paczia Nicole , Bar-Even Arren , Erb Tobias J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAcetyl-CoA is a key metabolic intermediate and the product of various natural and synthetic one-carbon (C1) assimilation pathways. While an efficient conversion of acetyl-CoA into other central metabolites, such as pyruvate, is imperative for high biomass yields, available aerobic pathways typically release previously fixed carbon in the form of CO2. To overcome this loss of carbon, we develop a new-to-nature pathway, the Lcm module, in this study. The Lcm module provides a direct link between acetyl-CoA and pyruvate, is shorter than any other oxygen-tolerant route and notably fixes CO2, instead of releasing it. The Lcm module relies on the new-to-nature activity of a coenzyme B12-dependent mutase for the conversion of 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA into lactyl-CoA. We demonstrate Lcm activity of the scaffold enzyme 2-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA mutase from Bacillus massiliosenegalensis, and further improve catalytic efficiency 10-fold by combining in vivo targeted hypermutation and adaptive evolution in an engineered Escherichia coli selection strain. Finally, in a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate the complete Lcm module in vitro. Overall, our work demonstrates a synthetic CO2-incorporating acetyl-CoA assimilation route that expands the metabolic solution space of central carbon metabolism, providing options for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering.
Reaction blueprints and logical control flow for parallelized chiral synthesis in the Chemputer
Authors: Šiaučiulis Mindaugas , Knittl-Frank Christian , M. Mehr S. Hessam , Clarke Emma , Cronin Leroy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite recent proliferation of programmable robotic chemistry hardware, current chemical programming ontologies lack essential structured programming constructs like variables, functions, and loops. Herein we present an integration of these concepts into χDL, a universal high-level chemical programming language executable in the Chemputer. To achieve this, we introduce reaction blueprints as a chemical analog to functions in computer science, allowing to apply sets of synthesis operations to different reagents and conditions. We further expand χDL with logical operation queues and iteration via pattern matching. The combination of these new features allows encoding of chemical syntheses in generalized, reproducible, and parallelized digital workflows rather than opaque and entangled single-step operations. This is showcased by synthesizing chiral diarylprolinol catalysts and subsequently utilizing them in various synthetic transformations (13 separate automated runs affording 3 organocatalysts and 12 distinct enantioenriched products in 42–97% yield, up to > 99:1 er), including automated catalyst recycling and reuse.
Operando visualisation of lithium plating by ultrasound imaging of battery cells
Authors: Wasylowski David , Ditler Heinrich , Sonnet Morian , Falkenstein Tim , Leogrande Luca , Ronge Emanuel , Blömeke Alexander , Würsig Andreas , Ringbeck Florian , Sauer Dirk Uwe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile developing battery cells, the achievement of fast-charging capability is heavily dependent on avoiding metallic plating on the anode surface (i.e., lithium plating in lithium-ion cells). However, this objective hinges on the effectiveness of plating detection. Currently, measurement techniques are either inadequate in providing spatial, temporal, or causal information, incur high costs when employing, e.g., neutron imaging, or are lengthy due to destructive post-mortem examinations that additionally lack operando data. In this work, we demonstrate an ultrasound imaging method for operando visualization of the interior of a multi-layer pouch battery cell. Here we show that this method can non-invasively visualize the formation and stripping of lithium plating during cycling. Extensive reference electrode studies and ex-situ analysis verify the effectiveness of our method for plating detection. Ultimately, this work enables researchers and industry to significantly accelerate the development of new cell technologies and their optimized utilization.
Eliminating chemo-mechanical degradation of lithium solid-state battery cathodes during >4.5 V cycling using amorphous Nb2O5 coatings
Authors: Jangid Manoj K. , Cho Tae H. , Ma Tao , Liao Daniel W. , Kim Hwangsun , Kim Younggyu , Chi Miaofang , Dasgupta Neil P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium solid-state batteries offer improved safety and energy density. However, the limited stability of solid electrolytes (SEs), as well as irreversible structural and chemical changes in the cathode active material, can result in inferior electrochemical performance, particularly during high-voltage cycling (>4.3 V vs Li/Li+). Therefore, new materials and strategies are needed to stabilize the cathode/SE interface and preserve the cathode material structure during high-voltage cycling. Here, we introduce a thin (~5 nm) conformal coating of amorphous Nb2O5 on single-crystal LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 cathode particles using rotary-bed atomic layer deposition (ALD). Full cells with Li4Ti5O12 anodes and Nb2O5-coated cathodes demonstrate a higher initial Coulombic efficiency of 91.6% ± 0.5% compared to 82.2% ± 0.3% for the uncoated samples, along with improved rate capability (10x higher accessible capacity at 2C rate) and remarkable capacity retention during extended cycling (99.4% after 500 cycles at 4.7 V vs Li/Li+). These improvements are associated with reduced cell polarization and interfacial impedance for the coated samples. Post-cycling electron microscopy analysis reveals that the Nb2O5 coating remains intact and prevents the formation of spinel and rock-salt phases, which eliminates intra-particle cracking of the single-crystal cathode material. These findings demonstrate a potential pathway towards stable and high-performance solid-state batteries during high-voltage operation.
Global distribution and decline of mangrove coastal protection extends far beyond area loss
Authors: Xu Xichen , Fu Dongjie , Su Fenzhen , Lyne Vincent , Yu Hao , Tang Jiasheng , Hong Xiaorun , Wang Juan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMangroves protect coasts from extreme weather and erosion but can be destroyed by climate change and harvesting. However, there is no consistent formulation of protective capacity that integrates key factors such as area, width, height, and health. Here, we quantified and analyzed a process-based measure of mangrove coastal protection index (MCPI) incorporating cross-shore width, canopy height, and the normalized difference vegetation index (health index). Width/area generally declined at low rates but width increases in some regions reduced MCPI. Cluster exchange network analysis from 2007 to 2019 showed an 800% increase in mangrove forests with characteristically low height, width, and MCPI. Globally, this suggests a 25% decrease in MCPI from 2007 to 2019, primarily from height/biomass change, compared to a 2% decrease in area. Relatively sheltered low-latitude high mangrove strands (>20 m) of high-MCPI appear to be resilient to destruction from cyclones. In contrast, our results highlight an alarming, widespread decline in low MCPI, particularly along coasts exposed to deep water, possibly in concert with human destruction, cyclones, and intensifying oceanic boundary currents.
Higher-order connectomics of human brain function reveals local topological signatures of task decoding, individual identification, and behavior
Authors: Santoro Andrea , Battiston Federico , Lucas Maxime , Petri Giovanni , Amico Enrico 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTraditional models of human brain activity often represent it as a network of pairwise interactions between brain regions. Going beyond this limitation, recent approaches have been proposed to infer higher-order interactions from temporal brain signals involving three or more regions. However, to this day it remains unclear whether methods based on inferred higher-order interactions outperform traditional pairwise ones for the analysis of fMRI data. To address this question, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using fMRI time series of 100 unrelated subjects from the Human Connectome Project. We show that higher-order approaches greatly enhance our ability to decode dynamically between various tasks, to improve the individual identification of unimodal and transmodal functional subsystems, and to strengthen significantly the associations between brain activity and behavior. Overall, our approach sheds new light on the higher-order organization of fMRI time series, improving the characterization of dynamic group dependencies in rest and tasks, and revealing a vast space of unexplored structures within human functional brain data, which may remain hidden when using traditional pairwise approaches.
The interplay of DNA repair context with target sequence predictably biases Cas9-generated mutations
Authors: Pallaseni Ananth , Peets Elin Madli , Girling Gareth , Crepaldi Luca , Kuzmin Ivan , Moor Marilin , Muñoz-Subirana Núria , Schimmel Joost , Serçin Özdemirhan , Mardin Balca R. , Tijsterman Marcel , Peterson Hedi , Kosicki Michael , Parts Leopold 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRepair of double-stranded breaks generated by CRISPR/Cas9 is highly dependent on the flanking DNA sequence. To learn about interactions between DNA repair and target sequence, we measure frequencies of over 236,000 distinct Cas9-generated mutational outcomes at over 2800 synthetic target sequences in 18 DNA repair deficient mouse embryonic stem cells lines. We classify the outcomes in an unbiased way, finding a specialised role for Prkdc (DNA-PKcs protein) and Polm in creating 1 bp insertions matching the nucleotide on the protospacer-adjacent motif side of the break, a variable involvement of Nbn and Polq in the creation of different deletion outcomes, and uni-directional deletions dependent on both end-protection and end-resection. Using our dataset, we build predictive models of the mutagenic outcomes of Cas9 scission that outperform the current standards. This work improves our understanding of DNA repair gene function, and provides avenues for more precise modulation of Cas9-generated mutations.