bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Disaster Preparedness Training on Disaster Preparedness and Attitudes Toward Fertility and Childbearing Among Women of Reproductive Age
Authors: Cirban Ekrem Ebru , Örenlioğlu Beyzanur , Davulcu Elif 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Natural disasters are frequent occurrences worldwide and can influence fertility preferences. This study aimed to assess the impact of disaster preparedness training on the disaster readiness levels of women of reproductive age and their fertility and childbearing attitudes.

Methods
The study employed a classic experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The sample consisted of women of reproductive age in Turkey, determined through the G-Power 3.1.9.7 program, with intervention (n = 88) and control (n = 88) groups totaling 176 participants. Data were collected using a “Preliminary Evaluation Form,” “Descriptive Information Form,” “Disaster Preparedness Scale (DPS),” and “Attitudes Toward Fertility and Childbearing Scale (AFCS).”

Results
In the intervention group, the post-test scores significantly increased for the DPS and the AFCS sub-scale on the importance of fertility for the future (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The study found that disaster preparedness training provided to women of reproductive age improved their disaster readiness levels. Following the training, the women’s knowledge about physical protection during disasters, assistance in disasters, and disaster warnings and systems also increased. Additionally, the training enhanced the positive attitudes of these women toward childbearing.
Assessing local service providers’ needs for scaling up MHPSS interventions for Ukrainian refugees: Insights from Poland, Slovakia, and Romania
Authors: Purgato Marianna , Bartucz Monica , Turrini Giulia , Compri Beatrice , Prina Eleonora , Patania Federica , Kucukozkan Emrah , Zubachova Anna , Mňahončak Martin , Čavojská Katarína , Koval Olena , Lupea Gabriela , Klymchuk Vitalii , Maximets Natalie , Mediavilla Roberto , Ayuso-Mateos José Luis , Sijbrandij Marit , van der Ven Els , Frankova Iryna , Barbui Corrado 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Providing Mental Health and Psychosocial Support interventions (MHPSS) for forcibly displaced Ukrainians in Central and Eastern Europe poses numerous challenges due to various socio-cultural and infrastructural factors. This qualitative study explored implementation barriers reported by service providers of in-person and digital MHPSS for Ukrainian refugees displaced to Poland, Romania and Slovakia due to the war. In addition, the study aimed to generate recommendations to overcome these barriers. Semi-structured Free List and Key Informant interviews were conducted using the Design, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation protocol with 18 and 13 service providers, respectively. For in-person interventions, barriers included stigma, language, shortage of MHPSS providers, lack of financial aid and general lack of trust among refugees. For digital MHPSS, barriers included generational obstacles, lack of therapeutic relationships, trust issues, and lack of awareness. Recommendations included advancing public health strategies, organizational interventions, building technical literacy and support, enhancing the credibility of digital interventions and incorporating MHPSS into usual practice. By implementing the recommendations proposed in this study, policymakers, organizations and service providers can work towards enhancing the delivery of MHPSS and addressing the mental health needs of Ukrainian refugees in host countries, such as Poland, Romania and Slovakia.
Back to the Future? The Electoral Breakthrough of Far-Right Parties
Authors: Manucci Luca 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In contemporary Europe, far-right parties threaten liberal democratic principles such as pluralism, media freedom and minority rights. Despite the stigma they normally face, far-right parties have experienced electoral breakthroughs even in countries where they remained electorally marginal such as Germany, Portugal, Spain and Sweden. We advance the idea that this happened because the level of stigmatization faced by these parties decreased before their electoral breakthrough. Therefore, we form a theoretical framework based on a threefold mechanism: far-right parties manage to reduce the stigma they face because of a reputational shield or by moderating their message; the media help the far right gain visibility and legitimacy by accommodating its views; established parties accommodate far-right parties without ostracizing them. Then, we test the framework by looking at the electoral breakthroughs of four parties: the results confirm the expectations except for the role of established parties, which is inconclusive.
Schelling versus Hegel on Individuation
Authors: Weiss Leonard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper compares the views of Hegel and Schelling regarding the problem of individuation, i.e. the question of what makes an individual (a) numerically distinct from others and (b) the very individual it is. My focus is on how Hegel approaches this problem in his metaphysics and how that relates to Schelling’s views as articulated in his ‘negative philosophy’. While Hegelians like Robert Stern and Karen Ng are optimistic that Hegel can solve the problem of individuation, I argue that Schelling puts forward an objection that both challenges Hegel’s account and provides a rationale for taking seriously Schelling’s own insistence on a pre-logical dimension of being.
10 GeV proton generation driven by 5 PW light spring pulses
Authors: Guo Yi , Zhang Xiaomei , Shen Baifei , Tajima Toshiki 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Proton acceleration in a near-critical-density gas driven by a light spring (LS) pulse with a helical structure in its intensity profile is investigated using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Compared with other pulse modes with the same laser power, such as the Gaussian pulse or the donut Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) pulse, the LS structure significantly enhances the peak intensity and drives a stronger longitudinal acceleration field and transverse focusing field. Both the high intensity and helical structure of the LS pulse contribute to the formation of a bubble-like structure with a fine electron column on the axis, which is critical for stable proton acceleration. Therefore, it is very promising to obtain ultra-high-energy protons using LS pulses with a relatively lower power. For example, by using LS pulses with the same power of 4.81 PW, the proton in the gas can be accelerated up to 8.7 GeV, and the witness proton can be accelerated to 10.6 GeV from 0.11 GeV, which shows the overwhelming advantage over the Gaussian and LG pulse cases.
Good practices and common pitfalls of machine learning in nutrition research
Authors: Kirk Daniel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Machine learning is increasingly being utilised across various domains of nutrition research due to its ability to analyse complex data, especially as large datasets become more readily available. However, at times, this enthusiasm has led to the adoption of machine learning techniques prior to a proper understanding of how they should be applied, leading to non-robust study designs and results of questionable validity. To ensure that research standards do not suffer, key machine learning concepts must be understood by the research community. The aim of this review is to facilitate a better understanding of machine learning in research by outlining good practices and common pitfalls in each of the steps in the machine learning process. Key themes include the importance of generating high-quality data, employing robust validation techniques, quantifying the stability of results, accurately interpreting machine learning outputs, adequately describing methodologies, and ensuring transparency when reporting findings. Achieving this aim will facilitate the implementation of robust machine learning methodologies, which will reduce false findings and make research more reliable, as well as enable researchers to critically evaluate and better interpret the findings of others using machine learning in their work.
German schon and noch as scalar additives with a marginality twist
Authors: Persohn Bastian 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis article presents a description of German schon and noch as nontemporal scalar focus operators. Both items operate in a scalar model of sufficiency and signal that the focus value yields a more informative proposition than all alternatives under consideration; that is, they are special cases of scalar additives. Where the two expressions differ is in the complementary perspectives they evoke. Schon relates to higher alternatives. Noch relates to lower alternatives, but brings about an inverse (i.e., antonymically ordered) scalar model. The use of schon and noch as scalar sufficiency operators is traced back to an amalgamation of two other uses of the same items. The descriptive findings contribute to the advancement of our cross-linguistic understanding of scalar focus operators and raise fundamental questions pertaining to the typological and theoretical status of scale reversal phenomena.*
European Soil NOx Emissions Derived From Satellite NO2 Observations
Authors: Lin Xiaojuan , van der A Ronald , de Laat Jos , Huijnen Vincent , Mijling Bas , Ding Jieying , Eskes Henk , Douros John , Liu Mengyao , Zhang Xin , Liu Zhu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWe introduce an innovative method to distinguish soil nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emissions from satellite‐based total NOx emissions. To evaluate the approach, we compare the deviation between the tropospheric NO2 concentration observed by satellite and two atmospheric composition model simulations driven by the newly estimated soil NOx emissions and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) inventory. The estimated average soil NOx emissions in Europe are 1.7 kg N ha−1 yr−1 in 2019, and the annual soil NOx emissions are approximately 1.7 times larger than that of the CAMS inventory. The discrepancy originates mainly from the forests, which would mean that the soil NOx emissions over forest areas in Europe are currently underestimated by the CAMS inventory. The model evaluation indicates that the simulations driven by DECSO‐soil emissions performed significantly better than using CAMS‐soil. Overall, the simulated RMSE% of DECSO‐soil is lower than that of CAMS‐soil, approximately 6% lower in spring and 2% lower in autumn. Our method can easily be extended to other regions in the world despite having monthly variations that are very different from those in Europe.
All‐Sky Microwave Radiance Observation Operator Based on Deep Learning With Physical Constraints
Authors: Li Zeting , Han Wei , Xu Xiaoze , Sun Xiuyu , Li Hao 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSatellite data assimilation relies on the radiative transfer models (RTMs) to establish the relationships between model state variables and satellite radiances. However, atmospheric radiative transfer calculations are computationally expensive, especially when involving multiple‐scattering calculations in cloudy areas. In recent years, deep learning (DL) models have been increasingly applied to emulate and accelerate physical models. This study, for the first time, explores DL techniques to emulate all‐sky radiative transfer in microwave bands. The FengYun‐3E (FY‐3E) Microwave Humidity Sounder‐2 (MWHS‐2) was selected as the target instrument due to its comprehensive spectral coverage, with the radiative transfer for TOVS scattering module (RTTOV‐SCATT) serving as the reference model. Three DL architectures were trained and compared, including multilayer perceptron (MLP), Bidirectional Long Short‐Term Memory with Attention (BiLSTM‐Attention), and Transformer. The BiLSTM‐Attention architecture demonstrated superior performance in both clear‐sky and cloudy radiance simulations. This may be attributed to its bidirectional recurrent structure resembling physical radiative transfer processes and the attention mechanism's ability to link MWHS‐2 channels with corresponding vertical layers. Although DL models achieve high accuracy in forward prediction, they often struggle with instability in Jacobian calculations. To address this issue, the trained BiLSTM‐Attention model was fine‐tuned using the reference model Jacobians as physical constraints. The fine‐tuned BiLSTM‐Attention model accurately characterized radiance sensitivities to temperature, water vapor, and hydrometeors under different cloud conditions, indicating its potential to serve as a radiance observation operator in data assimilation and physical retrieval applications.
Diagenesis of the Clay‐Sulfate Stratigraphic Transition, Mount Sharp Group, Gale Crater, Mars
Authors: Seeger C. H. , Grotzinger J. P. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe diversity and abundance of diagenetic textures observed in sedimentary rocks of the clay‐sulfate transition recorded in the stratigraphic record of Gale crater are distinctive within the rover's traverse. This study catalogs all textures observed by the MAHLI instrument, including their abundances, morphologies, and cross‐cutting relationships in order to suggest a paragenetic sequence in which multiple episodes of diagenetic fluid flow were required to form co‐occurring color variations, pits, and nodules; secondary nodule populations; and two generations of Ca sulfate fracture‐filling vein precipitation. Spatial heterogeneities in the abundance and diversity of these textures throughout the studied stratigraphic section loosely correlate with stratigraphic unit, suggesting that grain size and compaction controls on fluid pathways influenced their formation; these patterns are especially prevalent in the Pontours member, where primary stratigraphy is entirely overprinted by a nodular fabric, and the base of the stratigraphic section, where increased textural diversity may be influenced by the underlying less permeable clay‐bearing rocks of the Glen Torridon region. Correlations between quantitative nodule abundance and subtle variations in measured bulk rock chemistry (especially MgO and SO3 enrichment) by the Alpha Particle X‐Ray Spectrometer instrument suggest that an increase in Mg sulfate upsection is linked to precipitation of pore‐filling diagenetic cement. Due to a lack of sedimentological evidence for widespread evaporite or near‐surface crust formation of these Mg sulfates, we propose three alternative hypotheses for subsurface groundwater‐related remobilization of pre‐existing sulfates and reprecipitation at depth in pore spaces.
Organic Matter Composition and Water Stoichiometry Are Main Drivers of Heterotrophic Nitrate Uptake in Mediterranean Headwater Streams
Authors: Peñarroya Xavi , Catalán Núria , Freixa Anna , Lupon Anna , Triadó‐Margarit Xavier , Martí Eugènia , Soler Montserrat , Casamayor Emili O. , Bernal Susana 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHeterotrophic bacteria can contribute to improve stream water quality by taking up nitrate (NO3−) from the water column, although microbial demand for this nutrient is usually lower than for other inorganic nitrogen (N) forms, such as ammonium. Heterotrophic NO3− uptake has been related to the availability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) relative to nutrients (i.e., DOC: nutrients ratios). Yet, how dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition and specific microbial assemblages influence NO3− uptake remains poorly understood. We conducted laboratory incubations to investigate heterotrophic NO3− uptake kinetics in 9 Mediterranean freshwater ecosystems, primarily headwater streams, exhibiting wide variation in DOC:NO3 ratios (from 1.5 to 750). Moreover, we characterized DOM composition using spectroscopic indexes and its degradation via a reactivity continuum model approach. Microbial community composition and functioning were assessed by analyzing extracellular enzymatic activities and the potential abundance of N‐cycling genes. Our results revealed that NO3− uptake rates (kNO3) were positively related with DOC:NO3 ratios (r2 = 0.4) and to NO3:SRP ratios as well (r2 = 0.6). Furthermore, kNO3 was negatively correlated to the humification index (r2 = 0.7), suggesting that a higher proportion of humic‐like compounds slow down heterotrophic NO3− uptake. A partial least squares regression model (PLS) pinpointed that DOC and nutrient stoichiometry, DOM composition and reactivity, and microbial composition and activity collectively contributed to explain the variability in kNO3 observed across treatments. Our findings suggest that heterotrophic NO3− uptake may show significant responsiveness to shifts toward more labile DOM sources and nutrient imbalances induced by global change.
Dissipation Scaled Internal Wave Drag in a Global Heterogeneously Coupled Internal/External Mode Total Water Level Model
Authors: Blakely Coleman P. , Wirasaet Damrongsak , Cerrone Albert R. , Pringle William J. , Zaron Edward D. , Brus Steven R. , Seroka Gregory N. , Moghimi Saeed , Meyers Edward P. , Westerink Joannes J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThis study showcases a global, heterogeneously coupled total water level system wherein salinity and temperature outputs from a coarser‐resolution (12 km) ocean general circulation model are used to calculate density‐driven terms within a global, higher‐resolution (2.5 km) depth‐averaged total water level model. We demonstrate that the inclusion of baroclinic forcing in the barotropic model requires modification of the internal wave drag term to prevent excess degradation of tidal results compared to the barotropic model. By scaling the internal tide dissipation by an easy to calculate dissipation ratio, the resulting heterogeneously coupled model has complex root mean square errors (RMSE) of 2.27 cm in the deep ocean and 12.16 cm in shallow waters for the tidal constituent. While this represents a 10%–20% deterioration as compared to the barotropic model, the improvements in total water level prediction more than offset this degradation. Global median RMSE compared to observations of total water levels, 30‐day sea levels, and non‐tidal residuals improve by 1.86 (18.5%), 2.55 (42.5%), and 0.36 (5.3%) cm respectively. The drastic improvement in model performance highlights the importance of including density‐driven effects within global hydrodynamic models and will help to improve the results of both hindcasts and forecasts in modeling extreme and nuisance flooding. With only an 11% increase in model run time compared to the fully barotropic total water level model, this approach paves the way for high resolution coastal water level and flood models to be used alongside climate models, improving operational forecasting of total water levels.
Formation of Common Preferential Two‐Phase Displacement Pathways in Porous Media
Authors: Vahid Dastjerdi Samaneh , Karadimitriou Nikolaos , Hassanizadeh S. Majid , Steeb Holger 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIncluding specific interfacial area and saturation of the percolating phase into two‐phase porous media flow models, on the Darcy scale, enhances our ability to capture the physical properties of porous media flow more effectively. Using optical microscopy and microfluidic devices, we perform sequential drainage and imbibition experiments. The relevant processes, images, and boundary pressures are monitored, recorded, and logged at all times. For comparative purposes, two PDMS micromodels are used, one with an ortho‐canonical, homogeneous, and the other with a periodic heterogeneous pore network, with similar macro‐ but different pore‐scale properties. After processing the images, parameters like interfacial area belonging to percolating and non‐percolating phases and the corresponding phase saturations are determined. Our experimental results show that the relation between specific interfacial area and saturation of the percolating invading phase is a linear relationship with interesting properties. Additionally, after a number of fluid displacement processes (drainage and imbibition), and for both pore networks, unique flow paths for both phases are formed. We speculate that this happens due to the establishment of an effective porous medium, meaning a hydro‐dynamically active region within the pore space where the corresponding phase remains connected and flowing, where the capillary forces act as the guide for creating the “path of least resistance” in a highly viscous flow regime by keeping the non‐percolating phases in place. As the results can be specific to our experiments, more work needs to be done toward the potential generalization of these findings, especially in 3D flow domains.
Dual anaerobic reactor model to study biofilm and microbiologically influenced corrosion interactions on carbon steel
Authors: Jones Liam , Salta Maria , Skovhus Torben Lund , Thomas Kathryn , Illson Timothy , Wharton Julian , Webb Jeremy 
Published: December 2024

AbstractContinual challenges due to microbial corrosion are faced by the maritime, offshore renewable and energy sectors. Understanding the biofilm and microbiologically influenced corrosion interaction is hindered by the lack of robust and reproducible physical models that reflect operating environments. A novel dual anaerobic biofilm reactor, using a complex microbial consortium sampled from marine littoral sediment, allowed the electrochemical performance of UNS G10180 carbon steel to be studied simultaneously in anaerobic abiotic and biotic artificial seawater. Critically, DNA extraction and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing demonstrated the principal biofilm activity was due to electroactive bacteria, specifically sulfate-reducing and iron-reducing bacteria.
Mapping the microRNA landscape in the older adult brain and its genetic contribution to neuropsychiatric conditions
Authors: Vattathil Selina M. , Gerasimov Ekaterina S. , Canon Se Min , Lori Adriana , Tan Sarah Sze Min , Kim Paul J. , Liu Yue , Lai Eric C. , Bennett David A. , Wingo Thomas S. , Wingo Aliza P. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and influence many biological processes. Despite their importance, understanding of how genetic variation affects miRNA expression in the brain and how this relates to brain disorders remains limited. Here we investigated these questions by identifying microRNA expression quantitative trait loci (miR-QTLs), or genetic variants associated with brain miRNA levels, using genome-wide small RNA sequencing profiles from dorsolateral prefrontal cortex samples of 604 older adult donors of European ancestry. Here we show that nearly half (224 of 470) of the analyzed miRNAs have associated miR-QTLs, many of which fall in regulatory regions such as brain promoters and enhancers. We also demonstrate that intragenic miRNAs often have genetic regulation independent from their host genes. Furthermore, by integrating our findings with 16 genome-wide association studies of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, we identified miRNAs that likely contribute to bipolar disorder, depression, schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease. These findings advance understanding of the genetic regulation of miRNAs and their role in brain health and disease.