bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Differences of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds in the Fresh-harvest, After-ripened and Just-germinated States: insights into regulatory networks of seed dormancy-release and germination
Authors: Xu Pingli , Tang Guiying , Cui Weipei , Chen Guangxia , Ma Chang-Le , Zhu Jieqiong , Li Pengxiang , Shan Lei , Liu Zhanji , Wan Shubo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeed dormancy and germination are the two important traits related to plant survival and reproduction, and crop yield. To understand their regulation mechanism, it is crucial to clarify which genes or which pathways participate in the regulation of these processes. However, little information is available during the procedure of seed dormancy and germination in peanut. In this study, the seeds of the variety Luhua No.14 with non-deep dormancy were selected and its transcriptional changes at three developmental stages: the fresh-harvest (FS), the after-ripened (DS) and the just-germinated seeds (GS), were investigated by comparative transcriptomics analysis. The results showed that genes with increased transcription in DS vs FS comparison were overrepresented for oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), suggesting that after a period of drying storage, the intermediates stored in dry seeds were rapidly mobilized by glycolysis, TCA cycle, glyoxylate cycle, etc.; the electron transport chain accompanying with respiration has been reactivated to provide ATP for mobilization of other reserves and seed germination. In GS vs DS pairwise, dozens of the up-regulated genes were related to plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, including the majority of components in auxin signal pathway, and brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signal transduction, and some GA and ABA signal transduction genes. During seeds germination, the expression of some EXPANSIN and XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLYCOSYLASE was also significantly enhanced. To investigate the effect of different hormone during the procedure of seed germination, the contents and the differential distribution of ABA, GA, BR and IAA in cotyledon, hypocotyl and radicle, and plumule of three seed sections at different developmental stages were also detected. Combining with previous data in other species, a model of regulatory network related to peanut seed germination was developed. This model will helpful to gain further understanding of the mechanisms controlling seed dormancy and germination.
FZD10 regulates cell proliferation and mediates Wnt1 induced neurogenesis in the developing spinal cord
Authors: Alrefaei Abdulmajeed Fahad , Münsterberg Andrea E. , Wheeler Grant N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWnt/FZD signalling activity is required for spinal cord development, including the dorsal-ventral patterning of the neural tube, where it affects proliferation and specification of neurons. Wnt ligands initiate canonical, β-catenin-dependent, signaling by binding to Frizzled receptors. However, in many developmental contexts the cognate FZD receptor for a particular Wnt ligand remains to be identified. Here, we characterized FZD10 expression in the dorsal neural tube where it overlaps with both Wnt1 and Wnt3a, as well as markers of dorsal progenitors and interneurons. We show FZD10 expression is sensitive to Wnt1, but not Wnt3a expression, and FZD10 plays a role in neural tube patterning. Knockdown approaches show that Wnt1 induced ventral expansion of dorsal neural markes, Pax6 and Pax7, requires FZD10. In contrast, Wnt3a induced dorsalization of the neural tube is not affected by FZD10 knockdown. Gain of function experiments show that FZD10 is not sufficient on its own to mediate Wnt1 activityin vivo. Indeed excess FZD10 inhibits the dorsalizing activity of Wnt1. However, addition of the Lrp6 co-receptor dramatically enhances the Wnt1/FZD10 mediated activation of dorsal markers. This suggests that the mechanism by which Wnt1 regulates proliferation and patterning in the neural tube requires both FZD10 and Lrp6.
Principles for simultaneous measurement of excitatory and inhibitory conductances of single cells in a single trial
Authors: Lampl Ilan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeuronal activity is determined by the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory inputs of individual cells. Whether or not these inputs covary over time or between repeated stimuli remains unclear due to the lack of experimental methods for measuring both inputs at the same time. Current methods for conductance measurement are based on repeatedly stimulating neurons while holding their membrane potential at different levels so to reveal either excitation or inhibition, which can only provide the averaged relationship between the two. Here we develop a new framework for simultaneously measuring both the excitatory and inhibitory inputs of single cells in a single trial under current clamp. This method is based on theoretical analysis of passive circuits and can be practically achieved by injecting a high frequency sinusoidal current and then analysing the data using an optimization algorithm. We use simulations to demonstrate the ability of this approach to reveal the excitatory and inhibitory inputs of point neurons, in which we mimic adapting sensory inputs as well as an asynchronous balanced state.
Combination of Immunomagnetic Separation and Real‐Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (IMS‐qRPA) for Specific Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Smoked Salmon Samples
Authors: Garrido‐Maestu Alejandro , Azinheiro Sarah , Carvalho Joana , Prado Marta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNowadays, Listeria monocytogenes continues to be a major health issue. Therefore, improvements in the speed and reliability of its detection are still needed. In the present study, the combination of real‐time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (qRPA) with immunomagnetic separation (IMS) is described. The proposed methodology was tested against a real‐time PCR method, and was successfully applied to 50 smoked salmon samples spiked at levels ranging from 2 to 9.3 × 102 cfu/25 g. L. monocytogenes was detected after a 24 hr pre‐enrichment, which represents a great improvement over other previously published RPA methods. Additionally, the evaluation of the method reported a Limit of dDetection 50 (LoD50) of 6.3 cfu/25 g, along with relative sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values higher than 90%. Finally, the index of kappa concordance was calculated to be 0.93 which is interpreted as “almost complete concordance” between the reference and alternative method. Overall, the described methodology proved to be faster, specific, and as sensitive as other methods based on RPA or real‐time PCR.Practical ApplicationThe methodology described in this study significantly reduces the detection time of L. monocytogenes, when compared with culture‐based methods, and it requires fewer steps than other molecular methods, making it a reliable and more convenient method for routine testing. Finally, the evaluation of the methodology in spiked food samples, confirms its reliability.
Risk Factors for Sedation‐related Events During Acute Agitation Management in the Emergency Department
Authors: Yap Celene Y. L. , Taylor David McD. , Kong David C. M. , Knott Jonathan C. , Taylor Simone E. ,   the Sedation for Acute Agitation in Emergency Department Patients: Targeting Adverse Events (SIESTA) Collaborative Study Group
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective was to describe the incidence, nature, and risk factors for adverse events (AEs) among patients who received parenteral sedation for acute agitation in an emergency department (ED) setting.MethodsWe undertook a prospective observational study and a clinical trial of parenteral sedation for the management of acute agitation. We included agitated adult patients who required parenteral sedation from 2014 to 2017 in 12 Australian EDs, excluding those with incomplete information or aged under 18 years. The primary outcome was the number of patients who experienced at least one AE. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with AEs.ResultsA total of 904 patients were included in the analyses (62.3% male; median age = 34 years, range = 18 to 95 years). Of these, 144 (15.9%) patients experienced at least one AE. The most common AEs were oxygen desaturation (7.4%), airway obstruction (3.6%), bradycardia (1.9%), hypotension (1.7%), and prolonged QTc interval (1.3%). No deaths or serious AEs were reported. The following factors had an increased adjusted odds ratio (OR) for experiencing an AE: age 65 years and older (OR = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2 to 7.2), more than one type of parenteral sedation administered within 60 minutes (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4 to 3.1), and alcohol intoxication (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2 to 2.6).ConclusionsSedation‐related AEs are common, especially respiratory events. Elderly patients, sedation with multiple sedatives within 60 minutes, and alcohol intoxication increased the risk.
Economic policy uncertainty and corporate inventory holdings: evidence from China
Authors: Zeng Jianyu , Zhong Teng , He Fan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigate the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on corporate inventory holdings in China over the period 2007–2017. We find that EPU leads firms to significantly reduce inventory holdings and this effect is particularly pronounced among non‐state‐owned enterprises. The adjustment of inventory holdings enhances firms’ operating and market performance consequently. In addition, firms with greater financial constraints or stronger external governance are more affected by EPU. Further exploration shows that EPU induces high precautionary cash holdings, which crowds out inventories. Our results illustrate that firms reallocate between inventories and cash to cope with uncertainty associated with economic policy changes.
Community‐level predictors of Australian children’s dental caries and injury
Authors: Stormon N , Ford PJ , Lalloo R 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSocial determinants of oral health are complex and have been described by conceptual frameworks. A widely embraced model of children’s oral health was published by Fisher‐Owens et al. (2007), identifying theoretical constructs influencing oral health. The current study aimed to investigate community‐level constructs described in the conceptual model.MethodsThe Longitudinal Study of Australian Children is a cross‐sequential dual cohort study, with a representative sample (n = 10090) of Australian children. Generalized estimating equations were applied to model seven waves of carer‐reported oral health and community measures.ResultsIn the final model, children living in Queensland had a 1.48 (CI 1.35–1.62) increased odds of dental caries over time. Children in low socio‐economic status (SES) areas (OR 1.32 CI 1.20–1.44) had an increased odds of caries. The state of Queensland (OR 1.24 CI 1.05–1.46) and poor neighbourhood liveability (OR 1.17 CI 1.05–1.31) were predictors of dental injury.ConclusionBy modelling available community measures, this study found SES and rurality were predictors of caries over childhood. Our results highlight the difficulty of applying conceptual models to oral health. The use of qualitative studies and realist reviews should be considered to complement statistical models to provide contextualized insights into funding, policy and service delivery on children's oral health.
Incidence of hypophosphatemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside
Authors: Detlie Trond Espen , Lindstrøm Jonas Christoffer , Jahnsen Marte Eide , Finnes Elisabeth , Zoller Heinz , Moum Bjørn , Jahnsen Jørgen 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundIron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia are common complications in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In patients with moderate‐to‐severe anaemia, oral iron intolerance or ineffectiveness of oral iron, ferric carboxymaltose and iron isomaltoside are widely used. Hypophosphatemia is a side effect of both preparations.AimsTo investigate the occurrence of hypophosphatemia in IBD patients with iron deficiency/iron deficiency anaemia treated with high‐dose intravenous iron.MethodsA prospective observational study of adult IBD patients with iron deficiency/iron deficiency anaemia was conducted at two study sites where patients received 1000 mg of ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside. At baseline, weeks 2 and 6, blood and faecal samples were collected. The primary endpoint was to determine the incidence of moderate‐to‐severe hypophosphatemia. Secondary endpoints included the total incidence of hypophosphatemia, possible risk factors for hypophosphatemia, and response to single‐dose intravenous iron.ResultsOne hundred and thirty patients were included. In the per‐protocol set, 52 patients received ferric carboxymaltose and 54 patients received iron isomaltoside. Ferric carboxymaltose treatment had a significantly higher incidence of moderate‐to‐severe hypophosphatemia compared with iron isomaltoside at week 2 (56.9% vs 5.7%, P < 0.001) and a higher incidence at week 6 (13.7% vs 1.9%, P = 0.054).The overall incidence of hypophosphatemia was significantly higher with ferric carboxymaltose compared with iron isomaltoside treatment at weeks 2 (72.5% vs 11.3%, P < 0.001) and 6 (21.6% vs 3.7%, P = 0.013).ConclusionsIn IBD patients with iron deficiency/iron deficiency anaemia, ferric carboxymaltose was associated with higher incidence, severity and persistence of hypophosphatemia compared with iron isomaltoside. The presence of moderate‐to‐severe hypophosphatemia beyond 6 weeks is a clinical concern that requires further investigation.
Effects of berberine on the growth performance, antioxidative capacity and immune response to lipopolysaccharide challenge in broilers
Authors: Yang Li , Liu Gang , Liang Xiaorui , Wang Mengmeng , Zhu Xiaoqing , Luo Yan , Shang Yunxia , Yang Jing‐quan , Zhou Ping , Gu Xin‐Li 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of berberine on growth performance, immunity, haematological parameters, antioxidant capacity, and the expression of immune response‐related genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐challenged broilers. We assigned 120 one‐day‐old male broilers (Ross 308) to two treatment groups; each group included two subgroups, each of which included six replicates of five birds per replicate. The experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with berberine treatment (0 or 60 mg/kg dietary) and challenge status [injection of saline (9 g/L w/v) or LPS (1.5 mg/kg body weight)] as the main factors. On days 14, 16, 18 and 20, broilers were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or physiological saline. Blood and liver samples were collected on day 21. Dietary berberine supplementation significantly alleviated the compromised average daily gain and average daily feed intake (p < 0.05) caused by LPS. The LPS challenge led to increased lymphocyte and white blood cell (WBC) counts, malondialdehyde (serum and liver) content, and immunoglobulin G and M, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) expression (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced serum total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) activity (p < 0.05). Dietary berberine significantly mitigated the LPS‐induced decreases in the mRNA expression of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), TNF‐α, IL‐1β, inducible nitrite synthase and cyclooxygenase‐2 (p < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, berberine supplementation has a positive effect on LPS challenge, which may be related to the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity and inhibition of both NF‐κB signalling and the expression of inflammatory mediators.
The vascular protective role of oestradiol: a focus on postmenopausal oestradiol deficiency and aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Ramesh Shruthi S. , Christopher Rita , Indira Devi Bhagavatula , Bhat Dhananjaya I. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe steroid hormone, oestradiol, has pleiotropic functions. The protective effects of oestradiol are attributed to its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐atherogenic, anti‐apoptotic, vasodilatory activities and regulation of micro RNA. Oestradiol upregulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene expression and increases the production of nitric oxide, an important vasodilator. It suppresses the renin–angiotensin system and monitors haemodynamic stress. The hormone maintains the integrity of blood vessels by reducing oxidative stress while upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and prevents vascular inflammation by regulating pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) occurring as a consequence of the rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a devastating cerebrovascular event, representing 5–7% of all strokes. Postmenopausal women are more susceptible to aSAH compared to men in the same age group. This gender disparity has been attributed to reduced levels of the vascular protective hormone oestradiol following menopause. This review is focused on the protective role of oestradiol on vasculature and how the drop in oestradiol levels after menopause dramatically increases the incidence of aSAH in women. During menopause, oestradiol deficiency may affect vascular integrity causing dysregulation of vascular homeostasis by affecting the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and inflammatory and apoptotic cascades, resulting in the weakening of the cerebral arterial wall and potentially to development of an aneurysm and its rupture. In view of the role of oestradiol in maintaining vascular integrity, treatments involving hormone replacement could be a promising approach in postmenopausal women who are at risk of developing or rupturing an intracranial aneurysm.
Establishment and characterization of patient‐derived organoids from a young patient with cervical clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Maru Yoshiaki , Tanaka Naotake , Ebisawa Keiko , Odaka Akiko , Sugiyama Takahiro , Itami Makiko , Hippo Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCervical clear cell carcinoma (cCCC) constitutes an extremely rare subtype of cervical cancer. Consequently, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown, with no cell lines established from primary tumors. Here, we report the first establishment ofcCCCorganoids, from biopsy samples of a 23‐year‐old patient diagnosed withcCCC. By applying a protocol that we recently optimized for gynecological tumors, we were able to propagate a patient‐derived cell line (PDC) for more than 6 months as organoids. ThisPDCtolerated cryopreservation and proliferated either as spheroids or adherent cells, and developed xenografts in immunodeficient mice, ensuring robust utility as a cell line. Intriguingly, the resected tumor focally contained serous carcinoma (SC) in a tiny protruding lesion. Both organoids and derivative xenografts resembled theCCCcomponent of the original tumor in histology, immunostaining profile, and genome‐wide copy number changes, including focal gain ofMET. Genomic analysis revealed that both organoids and theCCCcomponent harbored only a few mutations, of which 2 mutations were shared in common. In contrast, theSCcomponent showed a mutator‐phenotype and prominent genome instability along with biallelic inactivation ofTP53, but none of them were found in organoids or theCCCcomponent. ThePDCproved sensitive to major chemotherapeutic agents andMETinhibitors. These observations clearly indicated that thePDC, designated asYMC7, can be used as a novelcCCCcell line and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of mixed cervical adenocarcinoma. As a valuable resource for rare cancer, it will likely contribute to investigations in many fields.
Screening for Compositae contact sensitization with sesquiterpene lactones and Compositae mix 2.5% pet
Authors: Paulsen Evy , Andersen Klaus E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCompositae contact sensitization may be difficult to diagnose, because of a lack of reliable screening allergens.ObjectivesTo assess the suitability of Compositae mix II 2.5% pet. (CM2.5) as a screening mix in the baseline series combined with sesquiterpene lactone (SL) mix and parthenolide (PTH).MethodsCM2.5 was added to the baseline series, which included SL mix and PTH 0.1% pet., in January 2015, and PTH was included in TRUE Test Panel 3 in October 2015. All Compositae‐sensitive patients diagnosed or tested in the next 4 years were assessed.ResultsAltogether, 57 patients (2.7%) presented with Compositae allergy. On primary testing in 53 newly diagnosed patients, SL mix elicited positive reactions most frequently (53% positive), followed by CM2.5 (47% positive), and PTH (45% positive). CM2.5 and PTH pet. elicited a few irritant reactions. Three patients had late reactions. Altogether, 16 patients (28%) were not detected by any of the three screening agents.ConclusionsSL mix is an indispensable, although insufficient, screening mixture in Denmark. It may be relatively safely supplemented with CM2.5 and PTH in the TRUE Test system for screening, but, when Compositae sensitization is suspected, further extracts should be tested on the basis of the history.
An atypical pleomorphic lipomatous tumor arising on the cheek
Authors: Boyd Alan S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPathologists and dermatopathologists commonly encounter tumors with adipocyte differentiation. Most are of minimal clinical significance. Those exhibiting atypical spindle cell morphology have been reported but the terminology for such neoplasms is unsettled. Tumors with both spindle cell and pleomorphic morphology are rare, with equally unsettled descriptive nomenclature. Recently, a series of such tumors, termed atypical pleomorphic lipomatous tumor, has been published. They resided in the deep soft tissue or subcutis. To date, such a tumor has not been reported with dermal involvement.
Development of a group structured education programme to support safe exercise in people with Type 1 diabetes: the EXTOD education programme
Authors: Narendran P. , Greenfield S. , Troughton J. , Doherty Y. , Quann N. , Thompson C. , Litchfield I. , Andrews R. C. ,   the EXTOD Education Programme Development Team
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo develop a structured education programme for individuals with Type 1 diabetes who are engaging in regular exercise.MethodA multidisciplinary team of experts in supporting exercise and physical activity for people with Type 1 diabetes, alongside researchers with experience of developing self‐management education, developed an exercise programme using the Medical Research Council framework. The programme was informed by a review of the evidence relating to Type 1 diabetes and exercise, the behaviour change literature (including the behaviour change taxonomy), and qualitative interviews with stakeholders. The programme and supporting resources were refined using an iterative process of testing, delivery and collecting feedback from participants and the wider development team.ResultsThe outcome of the intervention development was the design of a feasible and acceptable intervention for people with Type 1 diabetes to support safe exercise. The pilot allowed refinement of the intervention prior to testing in a two‐site feasibility randomized controlled trial. Key findings from the pilot informed minor restructuring of the timetable (timings and order) and adaptation of supporting educational materials (participant handbook and teaching materials).ConclusionThe ‘EXercise in people with Type One Diabetes’ (EXTOD) education programme has been developed using robust methodology for the generation of educational interventions. It now needs testing in a randomized controlled trial.