bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electro-natural Stimulation (ENS) in Partial Deafness Treatment: Pediatric Case Series
Authors: Skarzynski Henryk , Lorens Artur , Dziendziel Beata , Skarzynski Piotr H. 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To report the improvement in hearing preservation and speech understanding of five pediatric patients who received cochlear implantation via Electro-natural Stimulation Partial Deafness Treatment, the largest group so far treated.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
A series of five children aged 9 to 16 years old with bilateral normal hearing at 125 to 1500 Hz and severe-to-profound hearing loss above 1500 Hz, who were subjected to unilateral cochlear implantation.

Intervention:
All the patients underwent unilateral cochlear implantation by the same senior otosurgeon. Surgery involved six principal steps using an approach to scala tympani through the round window and use of an extremely delicate electrode with active length of up to 21 mm.

Main Outcome Measures:
Pre- and postoperative hearing for air- and bone-conduction was assessed using pure-tone audiometry. Speech understanding was evaluated with the Pruszewicz monosyllabic word test in free field. Hearing preservation was assessed using the Hearing Preservation Calculator developed by the HEARRING group.

Results:
Over the 3-year observation period, preoperative hearing thresholds were completely preserved in three children (60%) and partially in the remaining two (40%). A useful improvement in speech understanding of about 30% (compared with the best fitted hearing aids in the preoperative period) was observed in both quiet and noise.

Conclusions:
Cochlear implantation seems to be a successful way of restoring hearing ability in ENS-Partial Deafness Treatment patients who are beyond the scope of effective rehabilitation with hearing aids. Excellent results of hearing preservation in ENS patients encourage discussion on extending the inclusion criteria for cochlear implantation.
Cartilage Fascia Composite Canalplasty for External Auditory Canal Cholesteatoma: Case Analysis and Long-term Surgical Results
Authors: Park Jung Mee , Han Jung Ju , Park So Young , Kim Dong Kee , Park Shi Nae 
Published: January 2019

Objective:
To analyze surgical outcomes of cartilage-fascia composite canalplasty (CFCC) for external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC).

Study Design:
Retrospective case review study.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
A total of 13 patients with EACC (n = 14 ears due to one patient with bilateral EACC).

Intervention:
Surgical method of CFCC using well designed-conchal cartilage and temporalis muscle fascia after complete removal of EACC.

Main Outcome Measures:
Clinical characteristics and EACC stages were determined by oto-endoscopic examination and computed tomography (CT) findings. The surgical results of CFCC were analyzed.

Results:
The median age of patients was 43 years (range, 12–75 yr), with a male to female ratio of 6 to 7. EACC stages were from II to IV. Cortical bone erosion in the inferior part of the bony EAC was the most common finding. All patients had satisfactory results: no more ear symptoms related with cholesteatoma and no need of dressing. Postoperative hearing gain was observed in four patients. No complications or recurrence occurred during the mean follow-up period of 34.4 months.

Conclusion:
Surgical technique of CFCC was effective for EACC not responding to conservative management.
IgG4 is Elevated in Eosinophilic Esophagitis but Not in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Patients
Authors: Weidlich Simon , Nennstiel Simon , Jesinghaus Moritz , Brockow Knut , Slotta-Huspenina Julia , Bajbouj Monther , Schmid Roland M. , Schlag Christoph 
Published: January 2019

Background:
For eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) recently an association with immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 rather than IgE has been reported. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most important differential diagnosis of EoE. We compared esophageal IgG4 plasma cell infiltration and serum IgG4 levels of EoE patients (before and after budesonide therapy) with GERD patients.

Methods:
Prospectively collected serum samples of 17 EoE patients before and after 8 weeks of therapy with budesonide (1 mg BID) were analyzed for total and antigen-specific IgG4 and IgE levels. Also, immunohistochemical analysis of total and IgG4-positive plasma cells was performed on esophageal biopsies of these patients. In total, 14 GERD patients without histologic proof of eosinophilic infiltration were taken as a control group.

Results:
Total IgG4 serum levels in EoE patients were significantly higher than in GERD patients (121.0 vs. 71.2 mg/dL; P=0.038) and decreased under budesonide therapy (121.0 vs. 104.2 mg/dL; P=0.019). IgE levels did not differ significantly between all groups. In EoE patients also a high number of esophageal IgG4-positive plasma cells was detected and significantly reduced under therapy (29.1 vs. 0.1 IgG4-positive cells; P<0.001). In GERD patients no relevant esophageal plasma cell infiltration could be seen.

Conclusions:
In EoE patients elevated systemic IgG4 serum levels compared with GERD patients can be seen and decrease under topical steroid therapy. Also, local IgG4 plasma cells expression is high in EoE, but not in GERD patients and normalize under therapy. These findings are further proof for a possible association of EoE with IgG4.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Gene Mutation Status in Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma and Corresponding Bone Metastases
Authors: Shi Peng-Xu , Li Yue-Ting , Wang Si-Yao , Sun Rui-Ze , Xu Hong-Tao , Dong Qian-Ze , Zhao Yue , Wang En-Hua , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2019

Background:
The aim of this study was to compare epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations between primary tumors and corresponding bone metastases (BMs) in lung adenocarcinoma.

Materials and Methods:
In total, 115 paired primary lung adenocarcinoma and corresponding BM tumors were analyzed for EGFR mutations by Amplification Refractory Mutation System.

Results:

EGFR mutations were detected in 61 primary lung adenocarcinomas (53.04%) and in 67 corresponding metastases (58.26%), respectively. The EGFR mutation rate was significantly higher in female and in never-smoker patients. The consistency of EGFR mutations between the 115 matched BMs and primary tumor tissue samples reached to 80.87%, and the disparity was 19.13%. Mutations in exons 19 (19-del) and 21 (point mutation L858R) were the predominant mutation type.

Conclusions:
The concordance rate demonstrated the feasibility of EGFR mutations in corresponding metastases using Amplification Refractory Mutation System when the primary tumor tissue is unavailable in the lung adenocarcinoma patients, and the inconsistency indicates that corresponding metastasis being screened simultaneously with the primary tumor samples may present some supplementary information for the patients.
Müllerian mimicry in bumble bees is a transient continuum
Authors: Ezray Briana D. , Wham Drew C. , Hill Carrie , Hines Heather M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMüllerian mimicry theory states that frequency dependent selection should favour geographic convergence of harmful species onto a shared colour pattern. As such, mimetic patterns are commonly circumscribed into discrete mimicry complexes each containing a predominant phenotype. Outside a few examples in butterflies, the location of transition zones between mimicry complexes and the factors driving them has rarely been examined. To infer the patterns and processes of Müllerian mimicry, we integrate large-scale data on the geographic distribution of colour patterns of all social bumble bees across the contiguous United States and use these to quantify colour pattern mimicry using an innovative machine learning approach based on computer vision and image recognition. Our data suggests that bumble bees exhibit a manifold of similar, but imperfect colour patterns, that continuously transition across the United States, supporting the idea that mimicry is not discrete. We propose that bumble bees are mimicking a perceptual colour pattern average that is evolutionarily transient. We examine three comimicking polymorphic species,Bombus flavifrons, B. melanopygus,andB. bifarius, where active selection is driving colour pattern frequencies and determine that their colour pattern transition zones differ in location and breadth within a broad region of poor mimicry. Furthermore, we explore factors driving these differences such as mimicry selection dynamics and climate.
LncRNA Dnmt3aos regulates Dnmt3a expression leading to aberrant DNA methylation in macrophage polarization
Authors: Li Xueqin , Zhang Yingying , Zhang Mengying , Kong Xiang , Yang Hui , Zhong Min , Pei Weiya , Xu Yang , Zhu Xiaolong , Chen Tianbing , Ye Jingjing , Lv Kun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in various biological processes. However, the roles of lncRNAs in macrophage polarization remain largely unexplored. In this study, thousands of lncRNAs were identified that are differentially expressed in distinct polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Among them, Dnmt3aos (DNA methyltransferase 3A, opposite strand), as a known lncRNA, locates on the antisense strand of Dnmt3a. Functional experiments further confirmed that Dnmt3aos were highly expressed in M(IL-4) macrophages and participated in the regulation of Dnmt3a expression, and played a key role in macrophage polarization. The DNA methylation profiles between the Dnmt3aos knockdown group and the control group in M(IL-4) macrophages were determined by MeDIP-seq technique for the first time, and the Dnmt3aos-Dnmt3a axis-mediated DNA methylation modification-regulated macrophage polarization related gene IFN-γ was identified. Our study will help to enrich our knowledge of the mechanism of macrophage polarization and will provide new insights for immunotherapy in macrophage-associated diseases.
Contribution of pretomanid to novel regimens containing bedaquiline with either linezolid or moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide in murine models of tuberculosis
Authors: Xu Jian , Li Si-Yang , Almeida Deepak V. , Tasneen Rokeya , Barnes-Boyle Kala , Converse Paul J. , Upton Anna M. , Mdluli Khisimuzi , Fotouhi Nader , Nuermberger Eric L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNovel regimens combining bedaquiline and pretomanid with either linezolid (BPaL regimen) or moxifloxacin and pyrazinamide (BPaMZ regimen) shorten the treatment duration needed to cure TB in BALB/c mice compared to the first-line regimen and have yielded promising results in initial clinical trials. However, the independent contribution of the investigational new drug pretomanid to the efficacy of BPaMZ has not been examined and its contribution to BPaL has been examined only over the first 2 months of treatment. In the present study, the addition of pretomanid to BL increased bactericidal activity, prevented emergence of bedaquiline resistance, and shortened the duration needed to prevent relapse with drug-susceptible isolates by at least 2 months in BALB/c mice. Addition of pretomanid to BMZ resulted in a 1 log10 greater CFU reduction after 1 month of treatment and/or reduced the number of mice relapsing in each of 2 experiments in BALB/c mice and in immunocompromised nude mice. Bedaquiline-resistant isolates were found at relapse in only one BMZ-treated nude mouse. Treatment of infection with a pyrazinamide-resistant mutant in BALB/c mice with BPaMZ prevented selection of bedaquiline-resistant mutants and reduced the proportion of mice relapsing compared to BMZ alone. Among severely ill C3HeB/FeJ mice with caseous pneumonia and cavitation, BPaMZ increased median survival (≥60 vs. 21 days) and reduced median lung CFU by 2.4 log10 at 1 month compared to BMZ. In conclusion, in 3 different mouse models, pretomanid contributed significantly to the efficacy of the BPaMZ and BPaL regimens, including restricting the selection of bedaquiline-resistant mutants.
Benchmarking financial inclusion for women entrepreneurship – a study of Uttarakhand state of India
Authors: Goel Nidhi , Madan Pankaj 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Benchmarking is a very important tool to know the gap in your performance and best performance. It is possible to apply benchmarking in a wide variety of area. This paper uses benchmarking for assessing women entrepreneurship. Women entrepreneurship is a symbol of the balanced growth of the society. Financial inclusion schemes offered by the government are aimed to encourage a large number of women of the country to entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of financial inclusion and others factor like family circumstances, benchmarking, entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intention of women on their decision to take up entrepreneurship as a career choice.

Design/methodology/approach
This research study is undertaken to understand the relation of financial inclusion schemes on women entrepreneurship and also to develop a cause–effect relationship. Here, financial inclusion effort is an independent variable, whereas women entrepreneurship is a dependent variable. A sample size of 250 women entrepreneur was taken. The sample was selected on the basis of convenience. Out of the total sample, 125 women belonged to the self-help group and 125 women were registered under the RSETI program of lead banks of Haridwar and Dehradun districts of the Uttarakhand state of India.

Findings
The results of the present study indicate that there is a statistically significant impact of financial inclusion on women entrepreneurship. It provides the platform to the women that help them in establishing a new business.

Research limitations/implications
Data for present study were collected from two districts of Uttarakhand. In future, data can be collected from different geographical areas of India for generalizing the findings of the study.

Practical implications
The results of present study indicate that there is a statistically significant impact of financial inclusion on women entrepreneurship. It provides the platform to the women that help them in establishing a new business. For promoting women toward entrepreneurship, the government has launched many schemes.

Social implications
After the study, the author found that the society will accept the fact that women entrepreneurship is emerging as a dire need for the country.

Originality/value
The author followed all the guidelines that were concerned about the originality of the paper. This paper is not under review of any journal.
Promoting gender diversity in STEM faculty through leadership development
Authors: Yen Joyce , Riskin Eve A. , Margherio Cara , Spyridakis Jan H. , Carrigan Coleen M. , Cauce Ana Mari 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe advancement of equity, diversity and inclusion in higher education is dependent on institutional culture changes in academia. Faculty equity, diversity and inclusion efforts must engage departmental leadership. The purpose of this paper is to describe the growth and expansion of the ADVANCE leadership program at the University of Washington (UW) for department chairs that was designed to provide department chairs the skills, community and information needed to be agents of change within the academy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper chronicles the program’s growth from a campus-based workshop program to national workshops (LEAD) to a web-based toolkit (LiY!) to support institutions in running their own UW ADVANCE-inspired leadership workshops.FindingsThe paper demonstrates the success of each growth stage and the expansion of program impact.Practical implicationsThe paper offers recommendations for growing a model from a local to national scale and adapting the described leadership development model at other institutions.Originality/valueThe paper shares a successful model for equipping department chairs to be advocates of gender equity, diversity and inclusion in STEM and to be change agents in higher education.
Examining models of departmental engagement for greater equity
Authors: Bird Sharon , Latimer Melissa 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine two types of departmental interventions focused on creating healthier and more equitable academic departments as well as enhancing faculty members’ capacity for collective dialogue, goals and work. Both interventions were informed by the “dual-agenda” approach and focused on targeted academic units over a prolonged period.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a variety of qualitative and quantitative data (including National Science Foundation (NSF) ADVANCE indicator data) to assess the potential of dual-agenda informed interventions in reducing gendered structures and gendered dynamics.FindingsThe authors outline essential components of a dual-agenda model for maximizing success in creating more gender equitable work organizations and discuss why the authors are more optimistic about the dual-agenda approaches than many past researchers have been in terms of the potential of the dual-agenda model for promoting more equal opportunities in work organizations.Originality/valueMost previous dual-agenda projects referenced in the literature have been carried out in non-academic contexts. The projects examined here, however, were administered in the context of multiple academic departments at two medium-sized, public US universities. Although other NSF ADVANCE institutional transformation institutions have included extensive department-focused transformation efforts (e.g. Brown University, Purdue University and Syracuse University), the long-term benefits of these efforts are not yet fully understood; nor have systematic comparisons been made across institutions.
JD-R model on psychological well-being and the moderating effect of job discrimination in the model
Authors: Lee Yunsoo 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of chronic job discrimination on the relationships among job demands, job resources, personal resources and psychological well-being among aged workers.Design/methodology/approachThis study used “National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS Refresher)” data collected from 862 aged workers in the United States from 2011-2014. A moderated multiple regression analysis was adopted.FindingsThe results of the multiple regression analysis show that skill discretion, self-esteem, optimism and active coping had positive effects on psychological well-being, while chronic job discrimination had a negative effect on psychological well-being. Co-worker support, supervisor support, job demands and decision-making authority were not significant. Among the interaction terms, the moderating effect between optimism and chronic job discrimination was significant.Originality/valueBased on the results, this study offers implications for understanding the effects of job discrimination in the workplace among aged workers and their perceived psychological well-being, in the context of job demands and resources (JD-R) model.
Diffusion of lesson study as an educational innovation
Authors: Maeda Mitsuko , Ono Yumiko 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Lesson study (LS) is a professional development approach that has been attracting attention as an educational innovation since the late 1990s. The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that contribute to the adoption of LS by schools in developing countries without development assistance.

Design/methodology/approach
The diffusion of innovation theory was used as an explanatory device. The study examined the characteristics of LS perceived by 28 teachers in an Indonesian primary school, where LS was actively and autonomously adopted without development assistance. Data were collected from multiple sources, including interviews with some teachers and a questionnaire for all 28 teachers.

Findings
While previous studies have indicated that LS as an educational innovation lacks the ideal sets of perceived characteristics that could promote its adoption, this study found that such negative characteristics were mitigated in the Indonesian school. It also found that some of the factors facilitating LS adoption may be information on the outcomes of LS and less hierarchical relationships among teachers and professors. Furthermore, active school leadership was found to be a significant factor in this adoption.

Originality/value
Regarding adoption of LS in developing countries, previous studies focused on how development assistance works, what strategies of development assistance are necessary for introducing LS and how development assistance programs can be sustained. However, scant attention has been paid to how schools in developing countries have fared without development assistance. This study sheds light on this missing point.
Multigenerational classrooms in higher education: equity and learning with technology
Authors: Lowell Victoria Lynn , Morris Jr James Michael 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss potential challenges learners from different generations may have with current instructional methods using educational technologies in the classroom. The authors hope to create awareness to help improve equity in learning opportunities and assist educators in understanding the needs of multigenerational classrooms.Design/methodology/approachIn a narrative review of the literature, the authors present the current findings of the literature on generations in higher education and concerns for equity in learning opportunities.FindingsIt is commonplace in undergraduate programs for learners of multiple generations to attend classes together and research has shown that historical context and generational experiences affect the values, attitudes and learning preferences of each generation. Therefore, higher education institutions should be aware of the demographic profile of their students, as well as the external populations from which they may recruit students, to ensure they are cognizant of the needs of these populations and can provide equality in learning opportunities.Practical implicationsTo assist with the needs of this changing student population, university leaders must consider generational characteristics to ensure equity in learning opportunity. Specifically, university leaders and educators in the classrooms will need to adapt and adjust for a changing student population providing instruction that meets the needs of multiple generations of learners, often within one classroom.Originality/valueOften when we think of diversity in the classroom we think of age, gender, race or even culture. Today we must add diversity in generations. Unlike other equity issues in education such as access (McLaughlin, 2010), educators may not be considering the equity in the design of their instruction to provide equitable learning experiences based on a learners’ knowledge and skills established by their experiences with technology. The lack of knowledge and skills a learner has with technology based on their experiences may create barriers to their ability to understand and complete instructional content involving technology (Wager, 2005). To ensure all learners can be successful, educators should strive to provide equality in learning opportunities when designing instruction including technology.