bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a Collaborative Board Game on Bullying Intervention: A Group‐Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nieh Hsi‐Ping , Wu Wen‐Chi 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined the effects of the Galaxy Rescuers game, a collaborative board game on schoolchildren's bullying intervention.METHODSWe conducted a group‐randomized controlled trial. We recruited 328 fifth graders at an elementary school in northern Taiwan. The study took place in fall 2015 over a 7‐week period. We used the generalized estimation equation (GEE) to evaluate the intervention effects on students' scores on the outcome measures.RESULTSAt posttest, the change in bullying knowledge was statistically significant for the game‐only group and the game‐with‐debriefing group. Students in the game‐with‐debriefing group also showed an increase in empathy and a decrease in bullying attitude. At the follow‐up test, knowledge increase remained significant for both the game‐only group and the game‐with‐debriefing group. Game satisfaction survey indicated that 66.8% of the players said that the game was enjoyable.CONCLUSIONSThe Galaxy Rescuers game is effective in changing players' bullying knowledge, attitude, and empathy. This game is an entertaining tool for promoting awareness of bullying and encouraging defending atmosphere among children.
Active Commuting to School, Physical Activity, and Behavior Problems Among Third‐Grade Children
Authors: Mann Mana , Silver Ellen J. , Stein Ruth E. K. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe examined factors associated with active commuting to school and the relationships of active commuting and physical activity to child‐ and teacher‐reported internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in a sample of third graders.METHODSThe study sample consisted of 13,166 third graders enrolled in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Kindergarten Class of 1998‐1999. “Active” commuters were children who walked to school and “passive” commuters were those who took the bus or were driven. Linear analyses evaluated differences in behavior problems by school commute, physical activity, and sports team participation after adjusting for sociodemographic, regional, and neighborhood factors.RESULTSOverall, 11% of children actively commuted. Type of commute differed by sociodemographics, region, urbanicity, school type, and neighborhood safety. Active commuters had less general physical activity participation and sports team participation. Commuting type and general physical activity were not associated with behavior problems, but sports team participation was associated with fewer child‐reported internalizing and externalizing behaviors as well as fewer teacher‐reported internalizing behaviors.CONCLUSIONSOur findings demonstrate the ongoing need for creating and maintaining physical activity programs (such as sports teams) among school‐aged children to optimize children's overall health and well‐being.
The impact of food intake on the luminal environment and performance of oral drug products with a view to in vitro and in silico simulations: a PEARRL review
Authors: Pentafragka Christina , Symillides Mira , McAllister Mark , Dressman Jennifer , Vertzoni Maria , Reppas Christos 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Using the type of meal and dosing conditions suggested by regulatory agencies as a basis, this review has two specific objectives: first, to summarize our understanding on the impact of food intake on luminal environment and drug product performance and second, to summarize the usefulness and limitations of available in vitro and in silico methodologies for the evaluation of drug product performance after food intake.

Key findings
Characterization of the luminal environment and studies evaluating product performance in the lumen, under conditions suggested by regulatory agencies for simulating the fed state, are limited. Various in vitro methodologies have been proposed for evaluating drug product performance in the fed state, but systematic validation is lacking. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approaches require the use of in vitro biorelevant data and, to date, have been used primarily for investigating the mechanisms via which an already observed food effect is mediated.

Summary
Better understanding of the impact of changes induced by the meal administration conditions suggested by regulatory agencies on the luminal fate of the drug product is needed. Relevant information will be useful for optimizing the in vitro test methods and increasing the usefulness of PBPK modelling methodologies.
New perspectives on pre‐Restoration Irish book history
Authors: Empey Mark 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEarly modern Irish book history has been reinvigorated in the last couple of decades; thanks largely to pioneering studies by Raymond Gillespie and Toby Barnard. Examining the impact of the book through the lens of social and cultural change has vastly improved our knowledge of 17th‐century Ireland. Indeed, the genre continues to expand. By focusing on the historian and antiquarian, Sir James Ware (1594–1666), this essay looks at potentially new ways book history can be analyzed. Three key aspects are investigated. First, it assesses Ware's scholarly achievements and suggests that his 11 publications were in some ways reflective of the evolving social dynamics in Stuart Ireland. Second, it analyzes his library and explores the reading habits of individuals who contacted Ware to borrow manuscripts and printed works. The items he loaned to both Catholics and Protestants are revealing, especially given the restrictive nature of institutional and private libraries. Third, it examines Ware's diverse network that crisscrossed ethnic, confessional, and political lines. In so doing, this essay challenges preconceived ideas that the various groupings in Ireland were diametrically opposed to supporting any kind of common endeavor.
Functional and structural profiles of GST gene family from three Populus species reveal the sequence–function decoupling of orthologous genes
Authors: Yang Qi , Han Xue‐Min , Gu Jin‐Ke , Liu Yan‐Jing , Yang Mao‐Jun , Zeng Qing‐Yin 
Published: September 2018

Summary

A common assumption in comparative genomics is that orthologous genes are functionally more similar than paralogous genes. However, the validity of this assumption needs to be assessed using robust experimental data.

We conducted tissue‐specific gene expression and protein function analyses of orthologous groups within the glutathione S‐transferase (GST) gene family in three closely related Populus species: Populus trichocarpa, Populus euphratica and Populus yatungensis.

This study identified 21 GST orthologous groups in the three Populus species. Although the sequences of the GST orthologous groups were highly conserved, the divergence in enzymatic functions was prevalent. Through site‐directed mutagenesis of orthologous proteins, this study revealed that nonsynonymous substitutions at key amino acid sites played an important role in the divergence of enzymatic functions. In particular, a single amino acid mutation (Arg39→Trp39) contributed to P. euphratica PeGSTU30 possessing high enzymatic activity via increasing the hydrophobicity of the active cavity.

This study provided experimental evidence showing that orthologues belonging to the gene family have functional divergences. The nonsynonymous substitutions at a few amino acid sites resulted in functional divergence of the orthologous genes. Our findings provide new insights into the evolution of orthologous genes in closely related species.
Tomato stigma exsertion induced by high temperature is associated with the jasmonate signalling pathway
Authors: Pan Changtian , Yang Dandan , Zhao Xiaolin , Jiao Chen , Yan Yanqiu , Lamin‐Samu Anthony Tumbeh , Wang Qiaomei , Xu Xiangyang , Fei Zhangjun , Lu Gang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHigh temperature (HT) is becoming an increasingly serious factor in limiting crop production with global climate change. During hot seasons, owing to prevailing HT, cultivated tomatoes are prone to exhibiting stigma exsertion, which hampers pollination and causes fruit set failure. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of the HT‐induced stigma exsertion remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that stigma exsertion induced by HT in cultivated tomato is caused by more seriously shortened stamens than pistils, which is different from the stigma exsertion observed in wild tomato species. Under the HT condition, the different responses of pectin, sugar, expansin, and cyclin cause cell wall remodelling and differentially localized cell division and selective cell enlargement, which further determine the lengths of stamens and pistils. In addition, auxin and jasmonate (JA) are implicated in regulating cell division and cell expansion in stamens and pistils, and exogenous JA instead of auxin treatment can effectively rescue tomato stigma exsertion through regulating the JA/COI1 signalling pathway. Our findings provide a better understanding of stigma exsertions under the HT condition in tomato and uncover a new function of JA in improving plant abiotic stress tolerance.
Effect of adding different levels of caffeine in the extender on some biochemical constituents, enzymatic activities and physical characteristics of chilled and frozen ram semen
Authors: Abd El‐Hamid Ibrahim S. 
Published: September 2018

ContentsTwo experiments were carried out to determine the efficiency of supplementation of ram semen extender with caffeine on chilled storage and frozen capacity of spermatozoa. In the first experiment, eighty ejaculates were collected by an artificial vagina from five adult Barki rams, aged 2–3 years and weighted 45.0 ± 2.0 kg throughout the experimental period (January to February 2017). The ejaculates were pooled and diluted (1:10) with tris‐citric egg yolk extender and were split into five groups. Group 1 served as control, whereas groups 2‐5 were supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mM caffeine. All diluted semen specimens were evaluated for physical characteristics immediately after dilution (T0) and throughout preservation period of 48 hr at 4°C. Simultaneously, oxidative stress and indices such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA) and alkaline transaminase (AKP) concentrations and value of resazurin reduction test (RRT) were determined. In the second experiment, the raw pooled ejaculates were diluted (1:10) with glycerolated tris‐citric egg yolk extender, receiving the previously mentioned caffeine levels. The post‐thaw assessment of cryopreserved spermatozoa, in all groups, was conducted by a computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. The results revealed that adding caffeine to ram semen extender at low (0.1 mM) or medium (0.2 mM) levels had positive impact on both physical characteristics of ram sperm and the enzymatic activities compared to the other semen groups. Caffeine supplementation also enhanced post‐thaw sperm dynamics, which implies its potential as an exogenous antioxidant supplement.
Economic evaluation of wetland restoration: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Browne Michelle , Fraser Gavin , Snowball Jeanette 
Published: September 2018

Evaluating the outcomes of wetland restoration projects is critical to improve practice and justify further investment in wetland restoration. We conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the current state of knowledge on the economic valuation of the outcomes of wetland restoration. We assessed the economic methods applied, the attributes valued, and the timing of the evaluation in relation to the age of restoration along with publication trends. Research on the topic is increasing, but studies from Africa and South America are lacking. A diverse cross‐disciplinary interest is notable, yet collaborations between disciplines are less frequent. Of particular concern is that only a third of the studies were undertaken postrestoration, and even fewer for restorations older than 10 years. Gaps in the knowledge base mean that our present understanding of the value achieved through wetland restoration is tentative. The need for postrestoration site‐specific valuation efforts remains large both to justify further investment and to improve confidence in predictive and value transfer approaches as practical tools to inform decision‐making.
Incomplete recovery of plant diversity in restored prairie wetlands on agricultural landscapes
Authors: Salaria Saloni , Howard Renee , Clare Shari , Creed Irena F. 
Published: September 2018

Restoration efforts are being implemented globally to mitigate the degradation and loss of wetland habitat; however, the rate and success of wetland vegetation recovery post‐restoration is highly variable across wetland classes and geographies. Here, we measured the recovery of plant diversity along a chronosequence of restored temporary and seasonal prairie wetlands ranging from 0 to 23 years since restoration, including drained and natural wetlands embedded in agricultural and natural reserve landscapes in central Alberta, Canada. We assessed plant diversity using the following structural indicators: percent cover of hydrophytes, native and non‐native species, species richness, and community composition. Our findings indicate that plant diversity recovered to resemble reference wetlands in agricultural landscapes within 3–5 years of restoration; however, restored wetlands maintained significantly lower species richness and a distinct community composition compared to reference wetlands located within natural reserves. Early establishment of non‐native species during recovery, dispersal limitation, and depauperated native seed bank were probable barriers to complete recovery. Determining the success of vegetation recovery provides important knowledge that can be used to improve restoration strategies, especially considering projected future changes in land use and climate.
Oral health trajectories in community‐dwelling older adults in the last 3 years of life
Authors: Chen Xi , Douglas Christian E. , Preisser John S. , Naorungroj Supawadee , Beck James D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundSystemic health and physical, cognitive, and social function gradually decline at the end of life. How oral health change at the end of life in community‐dwelling older adults remains unknown, increasing the difficulty in treatment planning for these individuals.MethodsA total of 250 community‐dwelling decedents of a longitudinal study were included in the analysis. Decedents’ clinical and interview data collected at baseline, 18, 36, 60, and 84 months were linked to their death dates and plotted on an inverted time scale to study their oral health changes in the 3 years prior to death. Mixed effect models with random intercepts and slopes of months from death and sociodemographic variables were used to model the subjective and objective oral health trajectories in the last 3 years of life. The association of the change in the outcomes with a linear trend of months from death were assessed using the F‐test.ResultsNumber of missing teeth was significantly associated with a linear trend of months from death. With every month in proximity to death, the expected number of missing teeth increased by 0.03 (SE = 0.004; p < 0.001), resulting in an average of 1.08 missing teeth in 3 years. Among subjective outcomes, the odds of good versus poor or “neither” self‐rated systemic health (p = 0.009) and mouth appearance (p = 0.008) significantly decreased as death approached.ConclusionAlthough other oral health measures remained relatively stable, tooth loss and dissatisfaction with mouth appearance steadily increased in community‐dwelling older adults as death approached. These changes were gradual and parallel the end‐of‐life general health decline.
The effect of isometric exercise on pain in individuals with plantar fasciopathy: A randomized crossover trial
Authors: Riel Henrik , Vicenzino Bill , Jensen Martin Bach , Olesen Jens Lykkegaard , Holden Sinead , Rathleff Michael Skovdal 
Published: September 2018

Isometric exercise is commonly recommended for immediate pain relief in individuals suffering from lower limb tendinopathies, despite the limited evidence supporting its analgesic effect. Due to the similarities between plantar fasciopathy and tendinopathies, the aim of this trial was to investigate the acute effect of isometric exercise on pain, compared to isotonic exercise, or walking, in individuals with plantar fasciopathy. We recruited 20 individuals with plantar fasciopathy for this prospectively‐registered, participant‐blinded, randomized, superiority crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03264729). Participants attended three exercise sessions (isometric, isotonic, or walking) in a randomized order, within a 2‐week period. Both isometric and isotonic exercises were performed standing with the forefoot on a step bench, while walking was performed barefoot. The primary outcome was pain (measured on a 0‐100‐mm VAS) during a pain‐aggravating activity. Secondary outcomes included pressure pain threshold (PPT) under the heel, and plantar fascia thickness (PFT). All outcomes were measured before and after each exercise session. There were no significant differences between the three exercises on pain (P = 0.753), PPTs (P = 0.837), or PFT (P = 0.718). Further, there was no change in pain from before to after any of the exercises (isometric exercise 2.7 mm [95% CI: −12.2; 6.8], isotonic exercise −3.4 mm [95% CI: −5.0; 11.8], or walking 1.6 mm [95% CI: −16.1; 12.9]). Contrary to expectations, isometric exercise was no better than isotonic exercise or walking at reducing pain in individuals with plantar fasciopathy. None of the exercises induced any systematic analgesic effect.
Does Fathers’ Involvement in Childcare and Housework Affect Couples’ Relationship Stability?*
Authors: Norman Helen , Elliot Mark , Fagan Colette 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveBuilding on previous analysis conducted by Schober (2012), we explore how paternal involvement in different childcare and housework tasks affects the probability of relationship breakdown between parents.MethodsWe use logistic regression on the U.K. Millennium Cohort Study to predict parental relationship breakdown from nine months to seven years post‐childbirth. Paternal involvement in four childcare and three housework tasks during the first year of parenthood, are used as explanatory variables.ResultsThe amount of time the father spends alone, caring for the baby during the first year of parenthood, is associated with the stability of the parental relationship but the effect of involvement in other tasks is moderated by ethnicity and the mother's employment status.ConclusionThese nonlinear relationships suggest further research is needed to explore the different associations between paternal involvement in childcare and housework and relationship breakdown, which are complex and variable according to different characteristics.
What Race Is Lacey? Intersecting Perceptions of Racial Minority Status and Social Class*
Authors: Barlow M. Rose , Lahey Joanna N. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveWe examine how naïve raters’ perception of first name socioeconomic status (SES) is related to the name's perceived race.MethodsStudent volunteers rate the perceived race and SES of first names. We use a logit model to analyze the data.ResultsParticipants are four times as likely to say a “White” name is Black when they perceive the mother as uneducated, compared to highly educated. While most raters accurately predict a name's race, a substantial minority of college students believe that names given by low‐SES White parents are Black names.ConclusionExamining the presence and mechanisms of bias is a vital step in fair and just decision making. This new study adds to the literature by taking an intersectional experimental approach combining ratings of racial and SES categories in a large sample of names.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinases MPK4 and MPK12 are key components mediating CO2‐induced stomatal movements
Authors: Tõldsepp Kadri , Zhang Jingbo , Takahashi Yohei , Sindarovska Yana , Hõrak Hanna , Ceciliato Paulo H.O. , Koolmeister Kaspar , Wang Yuh‐Shuh , Vaahtera Lauri , Jakobson Liina , Yeh Chung‐Yueh , Park Jiyoung , Brosche Mikael , Kollist Hannes , Schroeder Julian I. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryRespiration in leaves and the continued elevation in the atmospheric CO2 concentration cause CO2‐mediated reduction in stomatal pore apertures. Several mutants have been isolated for which stomatal responses to both abscisic acid (ABA) and CO2 are simultaneously defective. However, there are only few mutations that impair the stomatal response to elevated CO2, but not to ABA. Such mutants are invaluable in unraveling the molecular mechanisms of early CO2 signal transduction in guard cells. Recently, mutations in the mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase, MPK12, have been shown to partially impair CO2‐induced stomatal closure. Here, we show that mpk12 plants, in which MPK4 is stably silenced specifically in guard cells (mpk12 mpk4GC homozygous double‐mutants), completely lack CO2‐induced stomatal responses and have impaired activation of guard cell S‐type anion channels in response to elevated CO2/bicarbonate. However, ABA‐induced stomatal closure, S‐type anion channel activation and ABA‐induced marker gene expression remain intact in the mpk12 mpk4GC double‐mutants. These findings suggest that MPK12 and MPK4 act very early in CO2 signaling, upstream of, or parallel to the convergence of CO2 and ABA signal transduction. The activities of MPK4 and MPK12 protein kinases were not directly modulated by CO2/bicarbonate in vitro, suggesting that they are not direct CO2/bicarbonate sensors. Further data indicate that MPK4 and MPK12 have distinguishable roles in Arabidopsis and that the previously suggested role of RHC1 in stomatal CO2 signaling is minor, whereas MPK4 and MPK12 act as key components of early stomatal CO2 signal transduction.
Investigational use of PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine in a Jehovah's Witness with hemorrhagic shock
Authors: DeSimone Robert A. , Berlin David A. , Avecilla Scott T. , Goss Cheryl A. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDJehovah's Witnesses pose a clinical challenge in the setting of critical anemia. Most do not accept transfusions, but some accept hemoglobin‐based oxygen carriers on a compassionate‐use basis. PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine (PCHB) is an acellular dual‐action carbon monoxide (CO)‐releasing and oxygen transfer agent currently being investigated in Phase II clinical trials.CASE REPORTWe present the case of a 42‐year‐old Jehovah's Witness with an acute upper gastrointestinal bleed and hemorrhagic shock who required emergent PCHB for stabilization during lifesaving interventions. After PCHB infusion, the patient's shock and encephalopathy improved with decreased vasopressor requirement. Through gastroenterology and interventional radiology procedures, the patient's bleeding stabilized. While receiving five additional doses of PCHB and other supportive therapies (iron, folate, vitamin B12, darbepoetin alfa), the patient was extubated and weaned off vasopressors.CONCLUSIONSPCHB was used to stabilize (bridge) a critically ill anemic patient for lifesaving interventions without adverse effects. Additional studies are warranted to explore the drug's safety profile and efficacy in patients declining blood products.