bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic distance predicts trait differentiation at the subpopulation but not the individual level in eelgrass,Zostera marina
Authors: Abbott Jessica M. , DuBois Katherine , Grosberg Richard K. , Williams Susan L. , Stachowicz John J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEcological studies often assume that genetically similar individuals will be more similar in phenotypic traits, such that genetic diversity can serve as a proxy for trait diversity. Here, we explicitly test the relationship between genetic relatedness and trait distance using 40 eelgrass (Zostera marina) genotypes from five sites within Bodega Harbor,CA. We measured traits related to nutrient uptake, morphology, biomass and growth, photosynthesis, and chemical deterrents for all genotypes. We used these trait measurements to calculate a multivariate pairwise trait distance for all possible genotype combinations. We then estimated pairwise relatedness from 11 microsatellite markers. We found significant trait variation among genotypes for nearly every measured trait; however, there was no evidence of a significant correlation between pairwise genetic relatedness and multivariate trait distance among individuals. However, at the subpopulation level (sites within a harbor), genetic (FST) and trait differentiation were positively correlated. Our work suggests that pairwise relatedness estimated from neutral marker loci is a poor proxy for trait differentiation between individual genotypes. It remains to be seen whether genomewide measures of genetic differentiation or easily measured “master” traits (like body size) might provide good predictions of overall trait differentiation.
Diversity of warning signal and social interaction influences the evolution of imperfect mimicry
Authors: Bosque Renan Janke , Lawrence J. P. , Buchholz Richard , Colli Guarino R. , Heppard Jessica , Noonan Brice 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMimicry, the resemblance of one species by another, is a complex phenomenon where the mimic (Batesian mimicry) or the model and the mimic (Mullerian mimicry) gain an advantage from this phenotypic convergence. Despite the expectation that mimics should closely resemble their models, many mimetic species appear to be poor mimics. This is particularly apparent in some systems in which there are multiple available models. However, the influence of model pattern diversity on the evolution of mimetic systems remains poorly understood. We tested whether the number of model patterns a predator learns to associate with a negative consequence affects their willingness to try imperfect, novel patterns. We exposed week‐old chickens to coral snake (Micrurus) color patterns representative of three South American areas that differ in model pattern richness, and then tested their response to the putative imperfect mimetic pattern of a widespread species of harmless colubrid snake (Oxyrhopus rhombifer) in different social contexts. Our results indicate that chicks have a great hesitation to attack when individually exposed to high model pattern diversity and a greater hesitation to attack when exposed as a group to low model pattern diversity. Individuals with a fast growth trajectory (measured by morphological traits) were also less reluctant to attack. We suggest that the evolution of new patterns could be favored by social learning in areas of low pattern diversity, while individual learning can reduce predation pressure on recently evolved mimics in areas of high model diversity. Our results could aid the development of ecological predictions about the evolution of imperfect mimicry and mimicry in general.
Nanoliposomes Containing Pistachio Green Hull's Phenolic Compounds as Natural Bio‐Preservatives for Mayonnaise
Authors: Rafiee Zahra , Barzegar Mohsen , Sahari Mohammad Ali , Maherani Behnoush 
Published: July 2018

In this study, encapsulation of pistachio green hull extract (PGHE) into nanoliposomes (NLs) is carried out. Then, different concentrations of free and incorporated phenolic compounds of (500 and 1000 mg kg−1) are added to freshly prepared mayonnaise and samples are evaluated in terms of physicochemical, sensory, and microbial properties during 4 months of storage at 25 °C. The results indicate that the samples containing NLs produced by 2% lecithin and 1000 mg kg−1 of phenolic compounds have the lowest peroxide value (23.23 ± 2.61 meq O2 kg−1 oil) and thiobarbituric acid value (0.92 ± 0.07 mg malondialdehyde kg−1 oil). Free and incorporated phenolic compounds (1000 mg kg−1) exhibit higher antioxidant activity than 200 mg kg−1 of butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Free phenolic compounds (EXs) cause significant changes in color parameters (L*, a*, and b*). Regarding sensory evaluation, the samples containing NLs are the most preferred ones. Additionally, NLs having 1000 mg kg−1 of phenolic compounds have the highest inhibitory efficiency on total viable and fungal counts. NLs and EXs have equal effect on Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria. Similar to samples containing 1000 mg kg−1 of sodium benzoate, microbial population in samples treated with phenolic compounds is within permissible level after 4 months of storage.Practical applications: The promising results prove that PGHE can be recommended as a natural source of antioxidants and bio‐preservatives instead of synthetic agents to increase the shelf life and safety of mayonnaise. Additionally, NLs enhance stability and solubility of entrapped phenolic compounds of PGHE and decease adverse effects of free ones on sensory properties of mayonnaise. Therefore, incorporation of phenolic compounds of PGHE in the liposomal carrier is a promising method to defeat the limitations of their direct addition to food systems and NLs containing phenolic compounds and plant extracts can also be applied to present novel functional foods. As nanoliposomes are produced by soybean lecithin as an inexpensive, safe and natural source of phospholipids in nanometric particle size, they can be considered for large‐scale use and promotion of biofunctional activities of phenolic compounds in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics applications.Firstly, pistachio green hull extract (PGHE) is prepared. Then, different concentrations of phenolic compounds of PGHE are added and blended with the lecithin/water mixture. Lastly, the suspensions are extruded by a mini extruder for producing large unilamellar vesicles. In the next step, liposome‐encapsulated and free phenolic compounds of PGHE are individually added to mayonnaise samples. Based on these findings, incorporation of phenolic compounds of PGHE in liposomal systems can be an appropriate alternative to improve the oxidative and microbial stability of mayonnaise sauce along with minimal effects on sensory attributes.
Depletion of αβ+ T cells for a haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children
Authors: Choi Eun Seok , Im Ho Joon , Kim Hyery , Koh Kyung Nam , Jang Seongsoo , Park Chan‐Jeoung , Seo Jong Jin , Park Ho Ran 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA consistent and reproducible depletion technique is crucial for the successful transplantation of an ex vivo depleted graft. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of an ex vivo technique for depletion of αβ+ T cells using a biotinylated anti‐TCRαβ monoclonal antibody, which was performed by one clinical nurse specialist. Between 2012 and 2017, 119 depletion procedures from 216 apheresis using the anti‐TCRαβ monoclonal antibody were performed on 105 pediatric patients. The median log depletion of αβ+ T cells was 4.0 (range, 2.5‐5.0). The median recovery rates of CD34+, NK, and γδ+ T cells were 90.4%, 74.9%, and 75.9%, respectively. The efficacy of depletion of αβ+ T cells significantly improved over time and the duration of the depletion procedure significantly decreased over time. Our study demonstrated that this procedure for depletion of αβ+ T cells by skilled staff is highly effective at depleting target cells and obtaining CD34+ progenitor cells.
Development of a fast gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for volatile aromatic compound analysis in oenological products
Authors: Paolini Mauro , Tonidandel Loris , Moser Sergio , Larcher Roberto 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAroma plays an important role in food quality, and knowledge of volatile composition is essential to support technological choices during industrial transformation processes. In this study, an innovative GC‐MS/MS method useful for fast analysis of the broad aroma profile of oenological products was developed. Fifty volatile compounds of oenological interest belonging to the main chemical classes (acetates, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, phenols, terpenes, and thiols) were identified and quantified in a single chromatographic run taking only 15 minutes. The high sensitivity of the mass spectrometer, combined with accurate fast chromatography performed with a suitable capillary column, allowed us to avoid further concentration steps after solid phase extraction. Validation of the method was performed in relation to the limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity range, repeatability, reproducibility, and recovery. Once validated, the method was successfully tested on commercial oenological samples, demonstrating its applicability to fast routine multiaroma analysis.
Recent update on methodologies for extraction and analysis of soybean seed proteins
Authors: Luthria Devanand L , Maria John Kollakondan M , Marupaka Ramesh , Natarajan Savithiry 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSoybean is one of the best sources of plant protein. Development of improved soybean cultivars through classical breeding and new biotech approaches is important to meet the growing global demand for soybeans. There is a critical need to investigate changes in protein content and profiles to ensure the safety and nutritional quality of new soybean varieties and their food products. A proteomics study begins with an optimal combination of extraction, separation and detection approaches. This review attempts to provide a summary of current updates in the methodologies used for extraction, separation and detection of protein from soybean, the basic foundations for good proteomic research. This information can be effectively used to investigate modifications in protein content and profiles in new varieties of soybeans and other crops. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Gut microbial diversity in two insectivorous bats: Insights into the effect of different sampling sources
Authors: Wu Haonan , Xing Yutong , Sun Haijian , Mao Xiuguang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe gut microbiota is now known as a key factor in mammalian physiology and health. Our understanding of the gut microbial communities and their effects on ecology and evolution of their hosts is extremely limited in bats which represent the second largest mammalian order. In the current study, gut microbiota of three sampling sources (small intestine, large intestine, and feces) were characterized in two sympatric and insectivorous bats (Rhinolophus sinicus and Myotis altarium) by high‐throughput sequencing of the V3‐V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Combining with published studies, this work reveals that Gammaproteobacteria may be a dominant class in the whole Chiroptera and Fusobacteria is less observed in bats although it has been proven to be dominant in other mammals. Our results reveal that the sampling source influences alpha diversity of the microbial community in both studied species although no significant variations of beta diversity were observed, which support that fecal samples cannot be used as a proxy of the microbiota in other gut regions in wild animals.
Signs indicating dementia in Down, Williams and Fragile X syndromes
Authors: Sauna‐Aho Oili , Bjelogrlic‐Laakso Nina , Siren Auli , Arvio Maria 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) and dementia reflect disturbed cortical function during and after developmental age, respectively. Due to the wide heterogeneity ofIDpopulation the decline in cognitive and adaptive skills may be different in distinct genetic subgroups.MethodsUsing the British Present Psychiatric State–learning Disabilities assessment (PPS‐LD) questionnaire the dementia signs were screened in 62, 22 and 44 individuals (> 35 year of age) with Down (DS,OMIMnumber 190685), Williams (WS,OMIMnumber, 194050), and Fragile X syndrome (FXS,OMIMnumber 309550), respectively. The median age of those withFXS(59 years) was higher than of those withDS(50 years) andWS(53 years).ResultsMost study participants withDS(80%) andFXS(89%) were or had been moderately or severely intellectually disabled while most participants withWS(73%) were or had been mildly or moderately disabled at adolescent age. The adolescent (premorbid) level ofIDdid not correlate with the dementia score. The median scores were 11/27, 1/27, and 0/27 inDS,WS, andFXSsubgroups, respectively. Dementia that was confirmed by brain imaging, manifested as Alzheimer disease and as moya‐moya disease associated vascular dementia inDSand as vascular dementia inWS.ConclusionsThis survey suggests that the risk of dementia varies depending on the cause ofIDand that the severity ofIDin adolescence does not predict the development of dementia at a later age. Consequently, theIDand dementia should be understood as separate clinical entities that need to be taken into account in the health management of intellectually disabled people. This is important for the arrangement of appropriate and timely interventions, which can be expected to delay the need for institutionalization.
Low‐rank magnetic resonance fingerprinting
Authors: Mazor Gal , Weizman Lior , Tal Assaf , Eldar Yonina C. 
Published: July 2018

PurposeMagnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a relatively new approach that provides quantitative MRI measures using randomized acquisition. Extraction of physical quantitative tissue parameters is performed offline, without the need of patient presence, based on acquisition with varying parameters and a dictionary generated according to the Bloch equation simulations. MRF uses hundreds of radio frequency (RF) excitation pulses for acquisition, and therefore, a high undersampling ratio in the sampling domain (k‐space) is required for reasonable scanning time. This undersampling causes spatial artifacts that hamper the ability to accurately estimate the tissue's quantitative values. In this work, we introduce a new approach for quantitative MRI using MRF, called magnetic resonance fingerprinting with low rank (FLOR).MethodsWe exploit the low‐rank property of the concatenated temporal imaging contrasts, on top of the fact that the MRF signal is sparsely represented in the generated dictionary domain. We present an iterative recovery scheme that consists of a gradient step followed by a low‐rank projection using the singular value decomposition.ResultsExperimental results consist of retrospective sampling that allows comparison to a well defined reference, and prospective sampling that shows the performance of FLOR for a real‐data sampling scenario. Both experiments demonstrate improved parameter accuracy compared to other compressed‐sensing and low‐rank based methods for MRF at 5% and 9% sampling ratios for the retrospective and prospective experiments, respectively.ConclusionsWe have shown through retrospective and prospective experiments that by exploiting the low‐rank nature of the MRF signal, FLOR recovers the MRF temporal undersampled images and provides more accurate parameter maps compared to previous iterative approaches.
Implications of Off‐Target Serotoninergic Drug Activity: An Analysis of Serotonin Syndrome Reports Using a Systematic Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Culbertson Vaughn L. , Rahman Shaikh E. , Bosen Grayson C. , Caylor Matthew L. , Echevarria Megan M. , Xu Dong 
Published: July 2018

Study ObjectiveSerotonergic adverse drug events (ADEs) are caused by enhanced intrasynaptic concentrations of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). No systematic process currently exists for evaluating cumulative 5‐HT and off‐target toxicity of serotonergic drugs. The primary study aim was to create a Serotonergic Expanded Bioactivity Matrix (SEBM) by using a molecular bioinformatics, polypharmacologic approach for assessment of the participation of individual 5‐HT drugs in serotonin syndrome (SS) reports.Data SourcesPublicly available databases including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), ChEMBL, DrugBank, PubChem, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were queried for computational and pharmacologic data.DesignAn in‐house bioinformatics TargetSearch program ( http://dxulab.org/software) was used to characterize 71 serotonergic drugs interacting at 13 serotonin receptor subtypes and serotonin reuptake transporter protein (SERT). In addition, off‐target interactions at norepinephrine transporter (NET), monoamine oxidase (MAO), and muscarinic receptors were included to define seven polypharmacological drug cohorts. Serotonin syndrome reports for each serotonergic drug were extracted from FAERS by using the Sternbach and Hunter criteria.Measurements and Main ResultsA proportional reporting adverse drug reaction (ADR) ratio (PRR) was calculated from each drug's total ADEs and SS case reports and aggregated by drug bioactivity cohorts. Triple‐receptor interactions had a disproportionately higher number of SS cases using both the Hunter criteria (mean PRR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05–2.39) and Sternbach (mean PRR 1.54, 95% CI 1.29–1.79). 5‐Hydroxytryptamine agonists were associated with a significantly lower proportion of SS cases using the Hunter and Sternbach criteria, respectively (mean PRR 0.49, 95% CI 0.17–0.81 and mean PRR 0.49, 95% CI 0.15–0.83). Drugs with disproportionately higher participation in SS vary considerably between the two diagnostic criteria.ConclusionThe SEBM model suggests a possible polypharmacological role in SS. Although further research is needed, off‐target receptor activity may help explain differences in severity of toxicity and clinical presentation.
Proteomic Profile of Daphnia pulex using Data‐Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Separation
Authors: Steevensz Aaron , Gombar Robert , Vergilino Roland , Cristescu Melania E. , Vacratsis Panayiotis O. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDaphnia pulex is a keystone species for aquatic habitats and an ecological/evolution model organism. Although significant progress has been made on characterizing its genome, the D. pulex proteome remains largely uncharacterized partially due to abnormally high protein degradation during homogenization and emphasis on genomic analysis. In this study, various sample preparation and mass spectrometry acquisition methods are performed for the purpose of improving D. pulex proteome exploration. Benefits for employing both in‐gel and in‐solution methods of trypsin digestion are observed. Furthermore, acquisition methods employing ion mobility separation greatly increase peptide identification and more than doubled the proteome coverage. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that mitochondrial and hydrolytic activities are enriched in D. pulex compared to closely related invertebrates or Homo sapiens. Also, novel D. pulex proteins possessing putative genome modifying functional domains are identified. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD008455.
Effects of Fluoropolymer Binders on the Mechanical Properties of TATB‐Based PBX
Authors: Liu Jia‐Hui , Yang Zhi‐Jian , Liu Shi‐Jun , Zhang Jian‐Hu , Liu Yong‐Gang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe relationship between the molecular structure of polymeric binders and mechanical properties of a TATB‐based polymer bonded explosive (PBX) were studied by using five different fluoropolymers as binders to compare the quati‐stastic and dynamic mechanical property, as well as the three‐point bending creep property of the PBX. F‐ binder A, which was composed of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), endowed the PBX−A with the best mechanical strength and creep resistance ability. The fracture surfaces of the PBXs after the Brazilian tests were investigated by a field emission‐scanning electron microscope (FE‐SEM). The rupture mode in PBX−A and PBX−B was transcrystalline fracture together with interfacial debonding, but only interfacial debonding in PBX−C and PBX−D. It was explained that the C−Cl bond in CTFE played the key role to keep the polymeric binder rigid and increase the strength of the PBX.
Investigating the diffusional behaviour of Irganox®1076 antioxidant in HDPE/Cloisite®15A nanocomposite‐based food contact packaging films: Effect of nanoclay loading
Authors: Ait Cherif Ghania , Kerkour Abdelhakim , Baouz Touffik , Pillin Isabelle , Grohens Yves 
Published: July 2018

In this research work, the prediction of the diffusion coefficient (Dp) of Irganox® 1076 (Ir‐76) antioxidant in HDPE‐based food contact packaging films was carried out. The diffusion of this additive was studied both, in neat HDPE film and in HDPE nanocomposites films made of HDPE matrix filled with 1, 3, and 5 wt% of a commercially available organoclay (Cloisite®15A). The diffusion experiments were carried out by using the Roe's method on films consisting of a stack of several polymer films having a total nominal thickness of 120 ± 01 μm. Diffusion coefficients were determined in the temperature range 80°C to 100°C according to the second Fick's law by measuring the evolution of the Ir‐76 concentration in the films by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis. The results indicated that the diffusion coefficient of Ir‐76 in HDPE films decreased with the addition of the organoclay, and a maximum reduction of 78% (at 23°C) in the diffusion rate of the Ir‐76 was observed at an optimum filler content of 3 wt%, thus making these films attractive for the plastic packaging industry.
Economical crowdsourcing for camera trap image classification
Authors: Hsing Pen‐Yuan , Bradley Steven , Kent Vivien T. , Hill Russell A. , Smith Graham C. , Whittingham Mark J. , Cokill Jim , Crawley Derek ,   MammalWeb volunteers, Stephens Philip A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCamera trapping is widely used to monitor mammalian wildlife but creates large image datasets that must be classified. In response, there is a trend towards crowdsourcing image classification. For high‐profile studies of charismatic faunas, many classifications can be obtained per image, enabling consensus assessments of the image contents. For more local‐scale or less charismatic communities, however, demand may outstrip the supply of crowdsourced classifications. Here, we consider MammalWeb, a local‐scale project in North East England, which involves citizen scientists in both the capture and classification of sequences of camera trap images. We show that, for our global pool of image sequences, the probability of correct classification exceeds 99% with about nine concordant crowdsourced classifications per sequence. However, there is high variation among species. For highly recognizable species, species‐specific consensus algorithms could be even more efficient; for difficult to spot or easily confused taxa, expert classifications might be preferable. We show that two types of incorrect classifications – misidentification of species and overlooking the presence of animals – have different impacts on the confidence of consensus classifications, depending on the true species pictured. Our results have implications for data capture and classification in increasingly numerous, local‐scale citizen science projects. The species‐specific nature of our findings suggests that the performance of crowdsourcing projects is likely to be highly sensitive to the local fauna and context. The generality of consensus algorithms will, thus, be an important consideration for ecologists interested in harnessing the power of the crowd to assist with camera trapping studies.