bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical study and experimental verification of the surface wave loss on a tensor impedance surface
Authors: Mighani Mojtaba , Dadashzadeh Gholamreza 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, propagation loss is investigated for a surface wave (SW) when enters from a scalar impedance surface (SIS) to a tensor impedance surface (TIS). This loss has two components: (a) loss due to change in the propagation direction and mode transformation of the SW and (b) loss due to the surface impedance mismatch between the SIS and the TIS. First, two analytical methods are presented to calculate the loss and then the methods are verified by a sample structure, which is fabricated with the printed circuit technology at 15.1‐15.75 GHz frequency bandwidth. The calculated total loss for the sample structure is 8.7 dB and 5.6 dB at 15.1 and 15.7 GHz, respectively, which is in good agreement with the measured results.
Miniaturized dual‐band loop‐type ground radiation antenna with enhanced bandwidth for mobile devices
Authors: Kim Min‐Gi , Kim Hyeongdong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this article, a miniaturized wide‐band and dual‐band loop‐type ground radiation antenna for mobile devices is proposed. The antenna feed structure, which consists of two shunt capacitors and a shunt inductor, enhances the bandwidth in both bands by generating an additional parallel feeding resonance in each band. Compared to the reference dual‐band loop‐type ground radiation antenna with a single loop feed that only uses a capacitor in series, the bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.6 and 2.13 times wider in the low and high bands, respectively under a 3:1 voltage standing wave ratio. The measured results indicate that the proposed antenna provides good radiation performance.
Survey of activity pacing across healthcare professionals informs a new activity pacing framework for chronic pain/fatigue
Authors: Antcliff Deborah , Keenan Anne‐Maree , Keeley Philip , Woby Steve , McGowan Linda 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionActivity pacing is considered a key component of rehabilitation programmes for chronic pain/fatigue. However, there are no widely used guidelines to standardize how pacing is delivered. This study aimed to undertake the first stage in developing a comprehensive evidence‐based activity pacing framework.MethodsAn online survey across pain/fatigue services in English National Health Service trusts explored healthcare professionals' opinions on the types/uses of pacing, aims, facets and perceived effects. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics for closed‐ended questions and thematic analysis for open‐ended questions. Purposeful recruitment with a snowball effect engaged 92 healthcare professionals (physiotherapists, occupational therapists, nurses, doctors and psychologists) to the study.ResultsPacing was highly utilized, with perceived long‐term benefits for patients (n = 83, 90.2% healthcare professionals instructed pacing). The most endorsed aim of pacing was “achievement of meaningful activities” (24.5% of ranked votes). The least endorsed aim was “to conserve energy” (0.1% of ranked votes). The most frequently supported facet of pacing was “breaking down tasks” (n = 91, 98.9%). The least supported facet was “stopping activities when symptoms increase” (n = 6, 6.5%). Thematic analysis showed recurring themes that pacing involved flexibility and sense of choice.ConclusionsPacing is a multidimensional coping strategy and complex behaviour. The message is clear that pacing should enable increases in meaningful activities, as opposed to attempting to avoid symptoms. The survey findings have informed the development of an activity pacing framework to guide healthcare professionals on the multiple components of pacing. This will help to standardize and optimize treatments for chronic pain/fatigue and enable future investigations.
Adjustable continence therapy (ProACT) for the treatment of male stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Larson Troy , Jhaveri Hasan , Yeung Lawrence L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimsFirst, to evaluate the efficacy of adjustable balloon devices or adjustable continence therapy (ProACT) in the treatment for male stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Second, to investigate the safety profile and rates of adverse events associated with the implantation of adjustable balloon devices.MethodA review of the literature was performed by searching the PubMed database with the most applicable search terms. We narrowed included studies with adult male patients with SUI; outcomes included pads or pad weight per day and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires, as well as safety outcomes.ResultsIn total, 19 studies were included with a total of 1264 patients and 4517 patient‐years of follow‐up data (mean follow‐up time 3.6 years). ProACT implantation resulted in an incontinence QOL improvement of 30.8 points from baseline. At baseline, patients on average were using 4.0 pads per day (PPD) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6‐5.4), which was reduced to an average of 1.1 PPD (95% CI: 0.5‐1.7) after ProACT implantation. The number of patients that were considered “dry” was 60.2% (95% CI: 54.2%‐65.9%) and the number of patients who were found to be either “dry” or improved greater than 50% was 81.9% (95% CI: 74%‐87.8%).ConclusionsImplantation of adjustable balloon devices is efficacious and safe for the treatment of male SUI. Given the minimal invasiveness of the therapy, adjustable balloon devices may be a serious option as a first‐line treatment in nonirradiated patients with SUI who are not ideal candidates for the artificial urinary sphincter.
Ray‐based reflection traveltime tomography using approximate stationary points
Authors: Li Xiangyue , Min Dong‐Joo , Hwang Jongha , Oh Ju‐Won 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTReflection traveltime tomography has been used to describe subsurface velocity structures which, in practice, can be used as a background or initial model for pre‐stack depth migration or full waveform inversion. Conventional reflection traveltime tomography is performed by solving an optimization problem based on a ray‐tracing method. As a result, reflection traveltime tomography requires heavy computational efforts to carry out ray tracing and solve a large matrix equation. In addition, like most data‐domain tomography methods, reflection traveltime tomography depends on initial guesses and suffers from non‐uniqueness and uncertainty of solutions. In this research, we propose a deterministic ray‐based reflection traveltime tomography method by applying seismic interferometry. This method does not suffer from the non‐uniqueness problem and does not require a priori information on subsurface media. By adding a virtual layer (whose properties are known) on top of the real surface and applying convolution‐type interferometry, we approximately determine the stationary points (i.e., incident raypaths in the virtual layer). Then, we generate reflection points for a range of assumed velocities and estimate the velocity by considering the number of reflection points and the traveltime difference between the observed and calculated data. The reflection surface can then be recovered by using the estimated velocity. Once the first target layer is resolved, we can recover the whole media by recursively applying the same method to the lower layers. Numerical examples using surface seismic profile data for homogeneous‐layer (with a low‐velocity layer) and inhomogeneous‐layer models and real field data experiments on the Congo data set demonstrate that our method can successfully recover the velocities and depths of subsurface media without initial guesses. However, our method has some limitations for multi‐layer models because the method does not have sufficient reflection points for the deeper layers.
A fitted numerical method for parabolic turning point singularly perturbed problems with an interior layer
Authors: Munyakazi Justin B. , Patidar Kailash C. , Sayi Mbani T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to construct and analyze a fitted operator finite difference method (FOFDM) for the family of time‐dependent singularly perturbed parabolic convection–diffusion problems. The solution to the problems we consider exhibits an interior layer due to the presence of a turning point. We first establish sharp bounds on the solution and its derivatives. Then, we discretize the time variable using the classical Euler method. This results in a system of singularly perturbed interior layer two‐point boundary value problems. We propose a FOFDM to solve the system above. Through a rigorous error analysis, we show that the scheme is uniformly convergent of order one with respect to both time and space variables. Moreover, we apply Richardson extrapolation to enhance the accuracy and the order of convergence of the proposed scheme. Numerical investigations are carried out to demonstrate the efficacy and robustness of the scheme.
Archaeological hunting patterns of Amazonian horticulturists: The Guarani example
Authors: Acosta Alejandro , Carbonera Mirian , Loponte Daniel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe analyse the hunting patterns based on faunal records of horticultural groups from the Atlantic Forest grouped in the Guarani archaeological unit, which are the material and behavioural expression of populations of Amazon origin who practiced slash‐and‐burn agriculture in the Atlantic Forest of Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay. The analysed temporal block ranges from ca. 1373 to 1698 of the Common Era. The characteristics of the faunal assemblages are the high level of the taxa richness and the equitability, where no taxa predominate over the others. The capture decision was probably guided primarily by the weight of the potential prey (preferentially terrestrial mammals) considering thresholds above 10 kg per individual, which have provided the greatest biomass. Nevertheless, small preys are numerically important and taxonomically very diverse. Fish mostly comprise small individuals, with no taxonomic selectivity. The hunted animals were transported completely to the villages. Terrestrial prey and fish were preponderantly boiled in ceramic containers. All the best ranked preys locally available were hunted, so in the long term, there were no exceptions to consumption. The hunting strategies are concordant with historical and ethnographic observations that include a broad diet with low taxonomic selectivity, small foraging range, and garden hunting.
Identifying risk factors associated with worse outcomes in adolescents and young adults undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Friend Brian D. , Tang Kevin , Markovic Daniela , Elashoff David , Moore Theodore B. , Schiller Gary J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYAs) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have unique risk factors and poor outcomes when compared to children, but this population has not been well studied. A hematopoietic stem cell transplantation‐comorbidity index (HCT‐CI) has been developed in adults to help predict outcomes, yet this index does not seem suitable for a younger population. Therefore, we sought to examine the prevalence of various risk factors in AYAs undergoing allogeneic HSCT and determine which factors had the greatest impact on overall survival (OS) and treatment‐related mortality (TRM).ProceduresThis was accomplished by retrospectively collecting data on 241 patients who received their first allogeneic HSCT at UCLA between 2005 and 2015. We investigated the effect of multiple predictors using the Cox proportional hazards model and Fine and Gray competing risk model for OS and TRM, respectively.ResultsOur results showed that AYAs undergoing allogeneic HSCT had poor outcomes, with 5‐year OS and NRM of 48% and 30%, respectively. We demonstrated that compared to a baseline model, the addition of the HCT‐CI did not improve its ability to predict OS, while substituting individual comorbidities, that is, an unweighted comorbidity score, resulted in significant improvement in model performance. The factors associated with inferior outcomes were used to develop an AYA‐specific risk score.ConclusionsThe comorbidities included in the HCT‐CI as well as additional risk factors seen in younger populations need to be studied in prospective studies with the goal of validating and refining a risk score specific to AYA patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Stem Cells and Development of a pALDH1A1:mNeptune Reporter System for Live Tracking
Authors: Bidan Nadège , Bailleul‐Dubois Justine , Duval Jérémy , Winter Marie , Denoulet Marie , Hannebicque Karine , El‐Sayed Ihsan Y. , Ginestier Christophe , Forissier Violaine , Charafe‐Jauffret Emmanuelle , Macario Manon , Matsunaga Yukiko T , Meignan Samuel , Anquez François , Julien Sylvain , Bonnefond Amélie , Derhourhi Mehdi , Le Bourhis Xuefen , Lagadec Chann 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany solid cancers are hierarchically organized with a small number of cancer stem cells (CSCs) able to regrow a tumor, while their progeny lacks this feature. Breast CSC is known to contribute to therapy resistance. The study of those cells is usually based on their cell‐surface markers like CD44high/CD24low/neg or their aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. However, these markers cannot be used to track the dynamics of CSC. Here, a transcriptomic analysis is performed to identify segregating gene expression in CSCs and non‐CSCs, sorted by Aldefluor assay. It is observed that among ALDH‐associated genes, only ALDH1A1 isoform is increased in CSCs. A CSC reporter system is then developed by using a far red‐fluorescent protein (mNeptune) under the control of ALDH1A1 promoter. mNeptune‐positive cells exhibit higher sphere‐forming capacity, tumor formation, and increased resistance to anticancer therapies. These results indicate that the reporter identifies cells with stemness characteristics. Moreover, live tracking of cells in a microfluidic system reveals a higher extravasation potential of CSCs. Live tracking of non‐CSCs under irradiation treatment show, for the first time, live reprogramming of non‐CSCs into CSCs. Therefore, the reporter will allow for cell tracking to better understand the implication of CSCs in breast cancer development and recurrence.
Polyisobutylene containing covalently bound antioxidant moieties
Authors: Parada Corey M. , Parker Grace L. , Storey Robson F. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPolyisobutylene (PIB) bearing covalently bound antioxidants is reported. TiCl4‐catalyzed cleavage/alkylation reactions were conducted on poly(isobutylene‐co‐isoprene) (EXXON® Butyl 068; = 3.37 × 105 g/mol, (Ð) = 1.29, and 1.08 mol % isoprene) at −70 °C in 60/40 hexane/dichloromethane in the presence of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (DTP). Resulting PIB s ranged from 30,000 to 85,300 g/mol and number average DTP functionalities (Fn) ranged from 4.3 to 12.0. 1H NMR showed that 25%–40% of the DTP moieties underwent de‐tert‐butylation to form mono‐tert‐butyl phenol moieties. DTP‐functionalized and nonfunctionalized control PIBs were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis in nitrogen and in air. In nitrogen, commercial control PIBs (olefinic end groups) showed delayed onset of thermal degradation (T10 = 380–381 °C) relative to both control PIBs produced by living polymerization (tert‐chloride end groups) and DTP‐functionalized PIBs (T10's all within the range of 366–370 °C). All PIBs showed lower degradation temperatures in air compared to nitrogen. Various control PIBs suffered 90% weight loss in air at temperatures ranging from 372 °C to 410 °C; DTP‐functionalized PIBs did not suffer 90% weight loss in air until 412–414 °C. Oxidative induction time analysis showed that all control PIBs suffered catastrophic degradation within 6 min, and most within 1 min, but DTP‐functionalized PIBs resisted degradation for >100 min. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1836–1846
Construction of meanings during life‐limiting illnesses and its impacts on palliative care: Ethnographic study in an African context
Authors: Agom David A. , Neill Sarah , Allen Stuart , Poole Helen , Sixsmith Judith , Onyeka Tonia C. , Ominyi Jude 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveKnowledge about how people make meaning in cancer, palliative, and end‐of‐life care is particularly lacking in Africa, yet it can provide insights into strategies for improving palliative care (PC). This study explored ways in which cancer patients, their families, and health care professionals (HCPs) construct meaning of their life‐limiting illnesses and how this impact on provision and use of PC in a Nigerian hospital.MethodsThis ethnographic study utilised participant observation, informal conversations during observation, and interviews to gather data from 39 participants, comprising service users and HCPs in a Nigerian hospital. Data were analysed using Spradley's framework for ethnographic data analysis.ResultsMeaning‐making in life‐limiting illness was predominantly rooted in belief systems. Most patients and their families, including some HCPs, perceived that cancer was caused by the devil, mystical, or supernatural beings. They professed that these agents manifested in the form of either spiritual attacks or that wicked people in society used either poison or acted as witches/wizards to inflict cancer on someone. These beliefs contributed to either nonacceptance of, or late presentation for, PC by most of patients and their families, while some professionals depended on supernatural powers for divine intervention and tacitly supporting religious practices to achieve healing/cure.ConclusionsFindings revealed that cultural and religious world views about life‐limiting illnesses were used in decision‐making process for PC. This, therefore, provided evidence that could improve the clinicians' cultural competence when providing PC to individuals of African descent, especially Nigerians, both in Nigerian societies and in foreign countries.
Synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel pyrazole aromatic ketone analogs as HPPD inhibitor
Authors: Fu Qing , Cai Peng‐Peng , Cheng Long , Zhong Liang‐Kun , Tan Cheng‐Xia , Shen Zhong‐Hua , Han Liang , Xu Tian‐Ming , Liu Xing‐Hai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUND4‐Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD, EC 1.13.11.27) has been a good target for herbicide discovery. In order to discover novel HPPD herbicides, a series of pyrazole aromatic ketone analogs were designed and synthesized.RESULTSThe 25 pyrazole aromatic ketone analogs synthesized were tested for herbicidal activity and compounds A1, A3, A4, A17, A20 and A25 displayed excellent herbicidal activity against Chenopodium serotinum, Stellaria media and Brassica juncea at 37.5 g ha−1. In addition, compounds A1, A5, A9, A10, A16, A17, A20 and A25 exhibited good crop selectivity for wheat, maize and rice at 150 g ha−1. Inhibition activities against AtHPPD proved the compounds were HPPD inhibitors. The structure–activity relationship of these pyrazole aromatic ketone analogs was studied using molecular docking.CONCLUSIONThese pyrazole aromatic ketone derivatives could be used as lead structures for development of HPPD herbicides against dicotyledonous weeds with further structure modification. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Multiple channels of DEET repellency in Drosophila
Authors: Guo Hao , Kunwar Kishor , Smith Dean 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDN,N‐Diethyl‐meta‐toluamide (DEET) is the prophylactic insect repellent used most widely to inhibit insect bites. Despite its use since 1944, the mechanism of DEET repellency remains controversial. Here, we revisited the role of smell and taste in DEET repellence using Drosophila as a model.RESULTSAnalysis of the responses of individual olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) classes to DEET reveals that 11 ORNs are activated and two are inhibited by this compound. Blocking individual ORN classes in the antenna does not block DEET repellence. This argues against the existence of a single ORN mediating DEET repellence in Drosophila. Activation of all ORCO‐expressing neurons using channelrhodopsin favors attraction, not repellence, in behavioral valence. We also demonstrate that gustatory neurons are highly sensitive to DEET. We used RNA interference to screen candidate receptors encoded by gene families involved in the detection of bitter compounds, including 34 gustatory receptors (Grs), 14 ionotropic receptors (Irs), five pick‐pocket subunits (PPKs), three transient receptor potential ion channels (TrpA, TrpL, Painless) and one metabotropic glutamate receptors gene (DmXR). We saw striking defects in DEET‐mediated oviposition behavior when expression of either Gr32a or Gr33a was inhibited.CONCLUSIONOur findings support a multimodal mechanism for DEET detection in fruit flies and indicate a prominent role for taste detection mediating DEET repellence. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Lethal and sublethal effects of fluralaner on the two‐spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Leviticus Kipchoge , Cui Li , Ling Han , Jia Zhong‐Qiang , Huang Qiu‐Tang , Han Zhao‐Jun , Zhao Chun‐Qing , Xu Lu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDTwo‐spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch is a serious agricultural pest and has developed high levels of resistance to many acaricides. Hence, screening new acaricides is important in the control of TSSM. Fluralaner, a novel isoxazoline, has high activity against agricultural and ectoparasitic pests; however, little information is available about its effects on agricultural mites. Lethal and sublethal effects of fluralaner towards TSSM eggs and female adults were therefore evaluated in this study.RESULTSFluralaner exhibited higher activity towards TSSM female adults (LC50, 0.49 mg L−1) compared with commercial acaricides including fenpyroximate, pyridaben and hexythiazox, and also excellent activity towards eggs (LC50, 0.36 mg L−1). The results of a sublethal effect study showed a significant reduction in the duration and fecundity of female adults with increases in the tested concentrations. The net reproductive rate (R0) decreased to 67.34 ± 3.96 and 50.29 ± 3.40 offspring per individual in LC10 and LC30 treatments compared with control (108.31 ± 7.61 offspring per individual). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) in the controls (0.30 and 1.36 d−1) were significantly higher than in the LC30 treatment (0.25 and 1.29 d−1); whereas, they were almost identical to values for the LC10 treatment. No change in mean generation time (T) was observed at sublethal concentrations treatments.CONCLUSIONOur results demonstrated that fluralaner has high acaricidal activity and could be considered a potential acaricide for TSSM management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry