bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Action‐associated modulation of visual event‐related potentials evoked by abstract and ecological stimuli
Authors: Csifcsák Gábor , Balla Viktória Roxána , Dalos Vera Daniella , Kilencz Tünde , Biró Edit Magdolna , Urbán Gábor , Szalóki Szilvia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the influence of action‐associated predictive processes on visual ERPs. In two experiments, we sought evidence for sensory attenuation (SA) indexed by ERP amplitude reductions for self‐induced stimuli when compared to passive viewing of the same images. We assessed if SA is (a) present for both ecological and abstract stimuli (pictures depicting hands or checkerboards), (b) modulated by the degree of stimulus predictability (certain or uncertain action‐effect contingencies), and (c) sensitive to laterality of hand movements (dominant or subdominant hand actions). We found reduced occipital responses in the early 77–90 ms time interval (C1 component), irrespective of stimulus type, predictability, or the laterality of hand movements. However, the subsequent P1 component was increased (rather than reduced) for all action‐associated stimuli. In addition, this P1 effect was influenced by the degree of stimulus predictability for ecological stimuli only. Finally, the posterior N1 component was not modulated by self‐initiated actions. Overall, our findings indicate that movement‐related predictive processes attenuate early visual responses. Moreover, we propose that amplitude modulations in the P1 time range reflect the interaction between expectation‐based SA and attention‐associated amplitude enhancements. These results can have implications for assessing the influence of action‐associated predictions on visual processing in psychiatric disorders characterized by aberrant sensory predictions and alterations in hemispheric asymmetry, such as schizophrenia.
Treatable traits can be identified in a severe asthma registry and predict future exacerbations
Authors: McDonald Vanessa M. , Hiles Sarah A. , Godbout Krystelle , Harvey Erin S. , Marks Guy B. , Hew Mark , Peters Matthew , Bardin Philip G. , Reynolds Paul N. , Upham John W. , Baraket Melissa , Bhikoo Zaheerodin , Bowden Jeffrey , Brockway Ben , Chung Li Ping , Cochrane Belinda , Foxley Gloria , Garrett Jeffrey , Jayaram Lata , Jenkins Christine , Katelaris Constance , Katsoulotos Gregory , Koh Mariko S. , Kritikos Vicky , Lambert Marina , Langton David , Lara Rivero Alexis , Middleton Peter G. , Nanguzgambo Aldoph , Radhakrishna Naghmeh , Reddel Helen , Rimmer Janet , Southcott Anne Marie , Sutherland Michael , Thien Francis , Wark Peter A.B. , Yang Ian A. , Yap Elaine , Gibson Peter G. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveA new taxonomic and management approach, termed treatable traits, has been proposed for airway diseases including severe asthma. This study examined whether treatable traits could be identified using registry data and whether particular treatable traits were associated with future exacerbation risk.MethodsThe Australasian Severe Asthma Web‐Based Database (SAWD) enrolled 434 participants with severe asthma and a comparison group of 102 participants with non‐severe asthma. Published treatable traits were mapped to registry data fields and their prevalence was described. Participants were characterized at baseline and every 6 months for 24 months.ResultsIn SAWD, 24 treatable traits were identified in three domains: pulmonary, extrapulmonary and behavioural/risk factors. Patients with severe asthma expressed more pulmonary and extrapulmonary treatable traits than non‐severe asthma. Allergic sensitization, upper‐airway disease, airflow limitation, eosinophilic inflammation and frequent exacerbations were common in severe asthma. Ten traits predicted exacerbation risk; among the strongest were being prone to exacerbations, depression, inhaler device polypharmacy, vocal cord dysfunction and obstructive sleep apnoea.ConclusionTreatable traits can be assessed using a severe asthma registry. In severe asthma, patients express more treatable traits than non‐severe asthma. Traits may be associated with future asthma exacerbation risk demonstrating the clinical utility of assessing treatable traits.
The determinants of entrepreneurship gender gaps: A cross‐country analysis
Authors: Cuberes David , Priyanka Sadia , Teignier Marc 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper uses aggregate data from the International Labor Organization and microeconomic data from the European Values Study to quantify gender gaps in entrepreneurship, distinguishing between gender gaps in employership and in self‐employment, and study their main empirical determinants. Our sample consists of 40 European countries and varies broadly in terms of institutional background since it includes several ex‐Communist countries. In the aggregate data we observe a gender gap in employers of 59% and a gender gap in self‐employment of 36%. These gaps have remained roughly constant in the 2000–2017 period, although there are wide differences in both their levels and evolution over time and across countries. Using microeconomic data, we find that the incidence of entrepreneurship, employership, and self‐employment among men is much larger than among women, consistent with the gaps estimated using aggregate data. Our regressions show that these gaps are still sizable even after controlling for a large set of control variables that include marital status, age, education, number of children, wealth, the participation of parents and spouse in entrepreneurship, values toward women, social capital, and prior unemployment. We identify important differences between the determinants of these gaps in ex‐Communist countries and in high‐income ones.
Changing Ethically Troublesome Behavior: The Causes, Consequences, and Solutions to Motivated Resistance
Authors: Bastian Brock 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEthical dilemmas are common. Just as commonly, however, these motivational conflicts are overlooked or actively avoided in behavioral decision making. Raising awareness of the ethical implications of action can be a powerful route to changing behavior, yet this approach also risks defensive responding and the potential for backfire effects. Current models of behavior change are not well equipped to predict how people respond to behavior change interventions which seek to make salient ethical conflict. Drawing on research in the field of behavioral ethics, I detail why models of behavior change need to account for defensive responding when people are confronted with their own ethical conflicts. Furthermore, failing to understand the role of this motivated resistance leaves open the possibility of increased commitment to, rather than attempts to change, ethically troublesome behavior. In this review, I will focus my analysis on the issue of meat‐eating. Most people eat meat, yet many of these same individuals also experience ethical conflict around their meat‐consumption. Drawing on dissonance theorizing, I present an overview of the pressure points where behavior can be challenged on ethical grounds, the various strategies that individuals may use to avoid change, and ideas on how best to achieve change while also avoiding motivated resistance. This analysis will provide a working model for policymakers to understand how to design effective behavior change campaigns that draw on the power of ethical arguments while also avoiding the possibility of motivated resistance.
How sprinters accelerate beyond the velocity plateau of soccer players: Waveform analysis of ground reaction forces
Authors: Colyer Steffi L. , Nagahara Ryu , Takai Yohei , Salo Aki I. T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractForces applied to the ground during sprinting are vital to performance. This study aimed to understand how specific aspects of ground reaction force waveforms allow some individuals to continue to accelerate beyond the velocity plateau of others. Twenty‐eight male sprint specialists and 24 male soccer players performed maximal‐effort 60‐m sprints. A 54‐force‐plate system captured ground reaction forces, which were used to calculate horizontal velocity profiles. Touchdown velocities of steps were matched (8.00, 8.25, and 8.50 m/s), and the subsequent ground contact forces were analyzed. Mean forces were compared across groups and statistical parametric mapping (t tests) assessed for differences between entire force waveforms. When individuals contacted the ground with matched horizontal velocity, ground contact durations were similar. Despite this, sprinters produced higher average horizontal power (15.7‐17.9 W/kg) than the soccer players (7.9‐11.9 W/kg). Force waveforms did not differ in the initial braking phase (0%‐~20% of stance). However, sprinters attenuated eccentric force more in the late braking phase and produced a higher antero‐posterior component of force across the majority of the propulsive phase, for example, from 31%‐82% and 92%‐100% of stance at 8.5 m/s. At this velocity, resultant forces were also higher (33%‐83% and 86%‐100% of stance) and the force vector was more horizontally orientated (30%‐60% and 95%‐98% of stance) in the sprinters. These findings illustrate the mechanisms which allowed the sprinters to continue accelerating beyond the soccer players’ velocity plateau. Moreover, these force production demands provide new insight regarding athletes’ strength and technique training requirements to improve acceleration at high velocity.
Practices of activation in frontline interactions: Coercion, persuasion, and the role of trust in activation policies in Germany
Authors: Senghaas Monika , Freier Carolin , Kupka Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFollowing Michael Lipsky's well‐known argument that policy is made in the daily encounters between street‐level bureaucracy and citizens, a growing body of research emphasizes that actors and organizations delivering social and labor‐market policy play a crucial role in welfare‐state politics. Using qualitative data collected at three local employment agencies in Germany, this article explores worker‐client relations as a crucial mechanism through which activation policies are translated into practice. The analysis investigates how caseworkers define their role and their relationships with clients. The findings show that it is essential for caseworkers to achieve client compliance. In such a context, building relationships of trust is a strategic instrument in overcoming possible barriers to co‐operation in the caseworker‐client interaction. Caseworkers develop strategies to create the impression of trustworthiness and to motivate both unemployed clients and employers to become trust‐givers in the caseworker‐client relation. While research has often stressed the dichotomy between disciplining and enabling elements of activation policies, our explorative study shows that persuasion and trust‐building are a further important dimension of the frontline delivery of activation policies. These strategies reflect the importance of emotional aspects of frontline work.
Metabolic GWAS‐based dissection of genetic bases underlying the diversity of plant metabolism
Authors: Fang Chuanying , Luo Jie 
Published: September 2018

SummaryPlants have served as sources providing humans with metabolites for food and nutrition, biomaterials for living, and treatment for pain and disease. Plants produce a huge array of metabolites, with an immense diversity at both the population and individual levels. Dissection of the genetic bases for metabolic diversity has attracted increasing research attention. The concept of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) was extended to studies on the diversity of plant metabolome that benefitted from the development of mass‐spectrometry‐based analytical systems and genome sequencing technologies. Metabolic genome‐wide association study (mGWAS) is one of the most powerful tools for global identification of genetic determinants for diversity of plant metabolism. Recently, mGWAS has been performed for various species with continuous improvements, providing deeper insights into the genetic bases of metabolic diversity. In this review, we discuss fully the achievements to date and remaining challenges that are associated with both mGWAS and mGWAS‐based multi‐dimensional analysis. We begin with a summary of GWAS and its development based on statistical methods and populations. As variation in targeted traits is essential for GWAS, we review metabolic diversity and its rise at both the population and individual levels. Subsequently, the application of mGWAS for plants and its corresponding achievements are fully discussed. We address the current knowledge on mGWAS‐based multi‐dimensional analysis and emerging insights into the diversity of metabolism.
Home transfusion: three decades of practice at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: García Dora , Aguilera Ana , Antolín Francisco , Arroyo José‐Luis , Lozano Miguel , Sanroma Pedro , Romón Iñigo 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDHospital at Home (HH) provides specialized care at the patients’ homes. Keeping patients in familial surroundings can result in better outcomes reducing readmission to hospital, mortality, and costs of care. Home transfusion (HT) can be a key element in HH management but is scarcely deployed due to concerns about safety and cost. We have reviewed our HT practice to assess its feasibility and safety.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe prospectively reviewed data collected from 1985 to 2015, focusing specially on feasibility and procedural safety, looking for adverse events of transfusion. We also assessed the situation in similar hospitals in Spain with a survey about their practice.RESULTSA total of 613 patients received 2260 blood components in 2126 transfusion episodes. A total of 93% patients received fewer than 10 transfusions. Most patients were treated for blood diseases (32%) or cancers (20%). The rate of adverse effects was 2.68% and decreased significantly with time. Fever was the most common adverse reaction. Patients who received transfusion of more than one blood product in a day were at higher risk of adverse events. No errors or near‐miss events were detected, and no patient had to be readmitted to hospital for this cause. The survey on HT practices in similar hospitals showed great variation in practice.CONCLUSIONHT is feasible, sustainable, and safe, when performed on selected patients by dedicated HH units with well‐trained staff, under specific protocols.
Targeting glucose control in preterm infants: pilot studies of continuous glucose monitoring
Authors: Thomson Lynn , Elleri Daniela , Bond Simon , Howlett James , Dunger David B , Beardsall Kathryn 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveHyperglycaemia is common in very preterm infants and is associated with adverse outcomes. Preventing hyperglycaemia without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia is difficult. Real time tracking with continuous glucose monitors (CGM) may improve glucose control. We assessed the feasibility and safety of CGM to target glucose control in preterm infants, to inform a randomised controlled trial (RCT).DesignWe performed a single centre study in very preterm infants during the first week of life. Accuracy was assessed by comparison of CGM with blood glucose levels (n=20 infants). In a separate pilot study of efficacy (n=20), real-time CGM combined with a paper guideline to target glucose control (2.6–10 mmol/L) was compared with standard neonatal care (masked CGM). Questionnaires were used to assess staff acceptability.ResultsNo concerns were raised about infection or skin integrity at sensor site. The sensor performed well compared with point-of-care blood glucose measurements, mean bias of −0.27 (95% CI −0.35 to −0.19). Per cent time in target range (sensor glucose 2.6–10 mmol/L) was greater with CGM than POC (77% vs 59%, respectively) and per cent time sensor glucose >10 mmol/L was less with CGM than POC (24% vs 40%, respectively). The CGM also detected clinically unsuspected episodes of hypoglycaemia. Staff reported that the use of the CGM positively improved clinical care.ConclusionsThis study suggests that CGM has sufficient accuracy and utility in preterm infants to warrant formal testing in a RCT.
3D airway model to assess airway dead space
Authors: Nieves Ashley , Cozzo Ashley , Kosoff Zora , Traube Chani , Groves Alan M 
Published: September 2018

High flow therapy works partly by washout of airway dead space, the volume of which has not been quantified in newborns. This observational study aimed to quantify airway dead space in infants and to compare efficacy of washout between high flow devices in three-dimensional (3D) printed airway models of infants weighing 2.5–3.8 kg. Nasopharyngeal airway dead space volume was 1.5–2.0 mL/kg in newborns. A single cannula device produced lower carbon dioxide (CO2) levels than a dual cannula device (33.7, 31.2, 23.1, 15.9, 10.9 and 6.3 mm Hg vs 36.8, 35.5, 32.1, 26.8, 23.1 and 18.8 mm Hg at flow rates of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 L/min, respectively; p<0.0001 at all flow rates). Airway pressure was 1 mm Hg at all flow rates with the single cannula but increased at higher flow rates with the dual cannula.Relative nasopharyngeal airway dead space volume is increased in newborns. In 3D-printed airway models, a single cannula high flow device produces improved CO2 washout with lower airway pressure.
Sprintz
Authors: Blalock Davis , Madden Samuel , Guttag John 
Published: September 2018

Thanks to the rapid proliferation of connected devices, sensor-generated time series constitute a large and growing portion of the world's data. Often, this data is collected from distributed, resource-constrained devices and centralized at one or more servers. A key challenge in this setup is reducing the size of the transmitted data without sacrificing its quality. Lower quality reduces the data's utility, but smaller size enables both reduced network and storage costs at the servers and reduced power consumption in sensing devices. A natural solution is to compress the data at the sensing devices. Unfortunately, existing compression algorithms either violate the memory and latency constraints common for these devices or, as we show experimentally, perform poorly on sensor-generated time series.
We introduce a time series compression algorithm that achieves state-of-the-art compression ratios while requiring less than 1KB of memory and adding virtually no latency. This method is suitable not only for low-power devices collecting data, but also for servers storing and querying data; in the latter context, it can decompress at over 3GB/s in a single thread, even faster than many algorithms with much lower compression ratios. A key component of our method is a high-speed forecasting algorithm that can be trained online and significantly outperforms alternatives such as delta coding.
Extensive experiments on datasets from many domains show that these results hold not only for sensor data but also across a wide array of other time series.
Controlling Fine-Grain Sharing in Natural Language with a Virtual Assistant
Authors: Campagna Giovanni , Xu Silei , Ramesh Rakesh , Fischer Michael , Lam Monica S. 
Published: September 2018

This paper proposes a novel approach to let consumers share data from their existing web accounts and devices easily, securely, and with fine granularity of control. Our proposal is to have our personal virtual assistant be responsible for sharing our digital assets. The owner can specify fine-grain access control in natural language; the virtual assistant executes access requests on behalf of the requesters and returns the results, if the requests conform to the owner's access control policies.
Specifically, we allow a virtual assistant to share any ThingTalk command--an event-driven task composed of skills drawn from Thingpedia, a crowdsourced repository with over 200 functions currently. Access control in natural language is translated into TACL, a formal language we introduce to let users express for whom, what, when, where, and how ThingTalk commands can be executed. TACL policies are in turn translated into SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) formulas and enforced using a provably correct algorithm. Our Distributed ThingTalk Protocol lets users access their own and others' data through their own virtual assistant, while enabling sharing without disclosing information to a third party.
The proposed ideas have been incorporated and released in the open-source Almond virtual assistant. 18 of the 20 users in a study say that they like the concept proposed, and 14 like the prototype. We show that users are more willing to share their data given the ability to impose TACL constraints, that 90% of enforceable use cases suggested by 60 users are supported by TACL, and that static and dynamic conformance of policies can be enforced efficiently.
HyRise
Authors: Elbakly Rizanne , Elhamshary Moustafa , Youssef Moustafa 
Published: September 2018

Floor localization is an integral part of indoor localization systems that are deployed in any typical high-rise building. Nevertheless, while many efforts have been made to detect floor change events leveraging phone-embedded sensors, there are still a number of pitfalls that need to be overcome to provide robust and accurate localization in the 3D space.
In this paper, we present HyRise: a robust and ubiquitous probabilistic crowdsourcing-based floor determination system. HyRise is a hybrid system that combines the barometer sensor and the ubiquitous Wi-Fi access points installed in the building into a probabilistic framework to identify the user's floor. In particular, HyRise incorporates a discrete Markov localization algorithm where the motion model is based on the vertical transitions detected from the sampled pressure readings and the observation model is based on the overheard Wi-Fi access points (APs) to find the most probable floor of the user. HyRise also has provisions to handle practical deployment issues including handling the inherent drift in the barometer readings, the noisy wireless environment, heterogeneous devices, among others.
HyRise is implemented on Android phones and evaluated using three different testbeds: a campus building, a shopping mall, and a residential building with different floorplan layouts and APs densities. The results show that HyRise can identify the exact user's floor correctly in 93%, 92% and 77% of the cases for the campus building, the shopping mall, and the more challenging residential building; respectively. In addition, it can identify the floor with at most 1-floor error in 100% of the cases for all three testbeds. Moreover, the floor localization accuracy outperforms that achieved by other state-of-the-art techniques by at least 79% and up to 278%. This accuracy is achieved with no training overhead, is robust to the different user devices, and is consistent in buildings with different structures and APs densities.