bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between the weight of schoolbags and low back pain among schoolchildren: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Calvo‐Muñoz Inmaculada , Kovacs Francisco M. , Roqué Marta , Seco‐Calvo Jesús 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine whether carrying a heavy schoolbag is associated to a higher prevalence of low back pain (LBP).MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted (PROSPERO, CRD42018077839). Observational studies analysing the relationship between schoolbag weight and LBP, were searched for in 20 electronic databases and 12 specialized journals until February 28th, 2019, without date or language restrictions. All studies which included ≥ 50 subjects aged 9 to 16, were reviewed. Methodological quality was assessed by two reviewers separately, using validated tools. A meta‐analysis and an individual patient data (IPD) meta‐analysis were conducted to examine the relationship between schoolbag weight and LBP. Certainty of evidence was assessed using an adapted GRADE methodology.Results5,524 citations were screened, 21 studies (18,296 subjects) were reviewed and 11 studies (9,188 subjects) were included in the meta‐analysis. The IPD meta‐analysis included 9,188 subjects from seven studies. Among the 21 studies reviewed, the mean score for methodological quality was 78.3 of 100. Only one study suggested an association between heavier schoolbags and LBP. Neither the meta‐analysis nor the IPD meta‐analysis found an association between carrying schoolbags weighing > 10% of bodyweight, and LBP. No differences based on age, gender or sport activity were found.DiscussionAvailable evidence does not support that schoolbags weighing > 10% of bodyweight are associated with a higher prevalence of LBP among schoolchildren aged 9–16. The certainty of evidence is low. Further research is required on the relationship between schoolbag weight and LBP.SignificanceThis systematic review, with a meta‐analysis and an IPD meta‐analysis, failed to find a link between schoolbags weighing ≥ 10% of body weight and LBP among schoolchildren aged 9 to 16. Further longitudinal studies, with large samples, long follow‐up periods, and rigorous methods taking into account duration of carry and the physical capacity of each subject, are required in this field.
Premorbid and concurrent predictors of TMD onset and persistence
Authors: Ohrbach Richard , Slade Gary D. , Bair Eric , Rathnayaka Nuvan , Diatchenko Luda , Greenspan Joel D. , Maixner William , Fillingim Roger B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple risk factors predict temporomandibular disorders (TMD) onset, but temporal changes in risk factors and their contribution to risk of TMD have not been evaluated. The study aims were to (a) describe changes occurring in premorbid TMD risk factors when re‐measured at TMD onset and 6 months later, and (b) determine if measures of change improve accuracy in predicting TMD incidence compared to premorbid measures alone.MethodsIn this observational prospective cohort study at four university research clinics, 3,258 community‐based, 18‐ to 44‐year‐olds without TMD were enrolled. During the 3‐year median follow‐up, 260 incident cases of first‐onset TMD were identified, and 196 TMD‐free subjects were selected as matched controls. Six‐months later, 147 of 260 incident cases (56.6%) were re‐examined revealing 72 (49%) with ‘persistent TMD’ and 75 (51%) whose condition had resolved (‘transient TMD’). Virtually all (126) of the 127 re‐examined controls remained without TMD. Questionnaires and clinical measurements evaluated risk factors from clinical, health, psychological and behavioural and neurosensory domains.ResultsMost risk factors across all four domains increased with TMD onset, remained elevated in the persistent group and declined in the transient group (i.e., significant ANOVA interactions,p < .05). Accuracy in predicting first‐onset TMD, quantified as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.71 (95% CL 0.68, 0.73) using only premorbid measures of risk factors, which increased to 0.91 (95% CL 0.89, 0.94) after addition of change measures.ConclusionsTMD pain onset and persistence appear to be determined by enduring characteristics of the person as well as mutually interactive with temporally evolving variables.SignificanceTMD is known to be a complex disorder, in which onset and persistence are associated with disease‐related variables in multiple domains, including environmental exposure, clinical, psychological, health status, and pain processing variables. Using a more dynamic approach in order to capture change across time, many aspects of those domains were found to worsen prior to the reporting of pain, with bidirectional influences between domains and pain emergence likely. TMD onset appears to represent the cumulative effect of multiple system dysregulation.
Risk factors for episodes of back pain in emerging adults. A systematic review
Authors: Øiestad Britt Elin , Hilde Gunvor , Tveter Anne Therese , Peat George G. , Thomas Martin J. , Dunn Kate M. , Grotle Margreth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe transition from adolescence to adulthood is a sensitive period in life for health outcomes, including back pain. The objective was to synthesize evidence on risk factors for new episodes of back pain in emerging adults (18–29 years).MethodsThe protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016046635). We searched Medline; EMBASE; AMED and other databases up to September 2018 for prospective cohort studies that estimated the association between risk factor(s) and self‐reported back pain. Risk factors could be measured before or during the age range 18–29 years, and back pain could be measured during or after this age range, with at least 12 months between assessments. Risk factors assessed in ≥3 studies were summarized. Risk of bias was assessed using a 6‐item checklist.ResultsForty‐nine studies were included with more than 150 different risk factors studied. Nine studies had low risk of bias, 26 had moderate and 14 had high risk of bias. Age, sex, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking, physical activity level, a history of back pain, job satisfaction and structural imaging findings were investigated in three or more studies. History of back pain was the only risk factor consistently associated with back pain after adjustment (nine studies).ConclusionThere is moderate quality evidence that a history of back pain is a risk factor for back pain. There are inconsistent associations for age, sex, height, BMI, smoking and activity level. No associations were found between job satisfaction and structural imaging findings and back pain.SignificanceEmerging adulthood is a transitional period of life with changes in life style, potentially influencing future musculoskeletal health. This systematic review included 49 articles evaluating more than 150 potential risk factors for back pain, one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders. No consistent results were found for life style factors such as physical activity level or BMI, both highlighted as important risk factors in previous literature. Importantly, a previous episode of back pain was a consistent risk factor for a new episode of back pain across several studies, and further investigation of risk factors for the first back pain episode is needed.
Metal Exposure Risk Assessment for Tree Sparrows at Different Life Stages via Diet from a Polluted Area in Northwestern China
Authors: Ai Shiwei , Yang Ying , Ding Jian , Yang Wenzhi , Bai Xiaojuan , Bao Xinkang , Ji Weihong , Zhang Yingmei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
To estimate the risk of metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) exposure of tree sparrows through food at different life stages (including nestling, juvenile, adult in summer, and adult in winter), metal daily intake (MDI), metal daily intake per unit of body weight (MDIBW), and exposure risks (hazard quotient and hazard index) of tree sparrows at different life stages from a polluted area, Baiyin, and a control area, Liujiaxia, were assessed. Metal daily intakes and MDIBWs of tree sparrows from Baiyin were higher than those from Liujiaxia, which can be attributed to higher metal concentrations of food sources in Baiyin than those in Liujiaxia. Metal daily intakes and MDIBWs of nestlings were higher than those of adults and juveniles. This difference is observed probably because nonphytophagous invertebrates, the predominant food fed to nestlings, possessed the highest metal concentrations. In addition, adults in summer had higher MDIs and MDIBWs than juveniles and adults in winter. This finding is probably observed because juveniles and adults in winter consumed a higher proportion of maize, which had the lowest metal concentrations. In addition, the biomagnification of 4 metals through the food chain increased the health risks of tree sparrows. Exposure risks of tree sparrows to metals were comparable to those of waterfowl and raptors, even when soil metals were below threshold. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2785–2796. © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
Diet of tree sparrows varies at different life stages, dominated by plant food (including cereal grains and grass seeds) as well as a small amount of invertebrates at the juvenile and adult stages, and including a higher proportion of invertebrates than plant food at the nestling stage. Tree sparrows from polluted areas had a higher heavy metal exposure risk, and nestlings had a higher heavy metal exposure level than juveniles and adults.
Reactions of polyphenols in pomegranate peel with nitrite under simulated stomach conditions
Authors: Xie Zhenjian , Li Xiaohong , Tang Renyong , Wang Guoze , Lu Yurong , Li Xuemei , Cheng Kun , Li Linzhi , He Qiang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPunicalagin and ellagic acid are the major polyphenols present in pomegranate peels. The contents of α‐punicalagin, β‐punicalagin, and ellagic acid in the pomegranate peels were approximately 75, 72, and 20 µM, respectively. The reactions of polyphenols in pomegranate peels with sodium nitrite under simulated stomach conditions were studied. The reactions decreased the polyphenolic contents of the pomegranate peels and accompanied the formation of nitroso compounds. The oxidation rates followed the order ellagic acid ＜α‐punicalagin ≈ β‐punicalagin. The results suggested that the reactions can occur in the stomach after a meal, while the pH changes from 2 to 4.5.
Meta‐MultiSKAT: Multiple phenotype meta‐analysis for region‐based association test
Authors: Dutta Diptavo , Gagliano Taliun Sarah A. , Weinstock Joshua S. , Zawistowski Matthew , Sidore Carlo , Fritsche Lars G. , Cucca Francesco , Schlessinger David , Abecasis Gonçalo R. , Brummett Chad M. , Lee Seunggeun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe power of genetic association analyses can be increased by jointly meta‐analyzing multiple correlated phenotypes. Here, we develop a meta‐analysis framework, Meta‐MultiSKAT, that uses summary statistics to test for association between multiple continuous phenotypes and variants in a region of interest. Our approach models the heterogeneity of effects between studies through a kernel matrix and performs a variance component test for association. Using a genotype kernel, our approach can test for rare‐variants and the combined effects of both common and rare‐variants. To achieve robust power, within Meta‐MultiSKAT, we developed fast and accurate omnibus tests combining different models of genetic effects, functional genomic annotations, multiple correlated phenotypes, and heterogeneity across studies. In addition, Meta‐MultiSKAT accommodates situations where studies do not share exactly the same set of phenotypes or have differing correlation patterns among the phenotypes. Simulation studies confirm that Meta‐MultiSKAT can maintain the type‐I error rate at the exome‐wide level of 2.5 × 10−6. Further simulations under different models of association show that Meta‐MultiSKAT can improve the power of detection from 23% to 38% on average over single phenotype‐based meta‐analysis approaches. We demonstrate the utility and improved power of Meta‐MultiSKAT in the meta‐analyses of four white blood cell subtype traits from the Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI) and SardiNIA studies.
Ischemic preconditioning induces cortical microglial proliferation and a transcriptomic program of robust cell cycle activation
Authors: McDonough Ashley , Noor Shahani , Lee Richard V. , Dodge Ryan , Strosnider James S. , Shen Jasmine , Davidson Stephanie , Möller Thomas , Garden Gwenn A. , Weinstein Jonathan R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIschemic preconditioning (IPC) is an experimental phenomenon in which a subthreshold ischemic insult applied to the brain reduces damage caused by a subsequent more severe ischemic episode. Identifying key molecular and cellular mediators of IPC will provide critical information needed to develop novel therapies for stroke. Here we report that the transcriptomic response of acutely isolated preconditioned cortical microglia is dominated by marked upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle activation and cellular proliferation. Notably, this transcriptional response occurs in the absence of cortical infarction. We employed ex vivo flow cytometry, immunofluorescent microscopy, and quantitative stereology methods on brain tissue to evaluate microglia proliferation following IPC. Using cellular colocalization of microglial (Iba1) and proliferation (Ki67 and BrdU) markers, we observed a localized increase in the number of microglia and proliferating microglia within the preconditioned hemicortex at 72, but not 24, hours post‐IPC. Our quantification demonstrated that the IPC‐induced increase in total microglia was due entirely to proliferation. Furthermore, microglia in the preconditioned hemisphere had altered morphology and increased soma volumes, indicative of an activated phenotype. Using transgenic mouse models with either fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1)‐haploinsufficiency or systemic type I interferon signaling loss, we determined that microglial proliferation after IPC is dependent on fractalkine signaling but independent of type I interferon signaling. These findings suggest there are multiple distinct targetable signaling pathways in microglia, including CX3CR1‐dependent proliferation that may be involved in IPC‐mediated protection.
Correcting for Phylogenetic Autocorrelation in Species Sensitivity Distributions
Authors: Moore Dwayne RJ , Priest Colleen D , Galic Nika , Brain Richard A , Rodney Sara I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A species sensitivity distribution (SSD) is a cumulative distribution function of toxicity endpoints for a receptor group. A key assumption when deriving an SSD is that the toxicity data points are independent and identically distributed (iid). This assumption is tenuous, however, because closely related species are more likely to have similar sensitivities than are distantly related species. When the response of 1 species can be partially predicted by the response of another species, there is a dependency or autocorrelation in the data set. To date, phylogenetic relationships and the resulting dependencies in input data sets have been ignored in deriving SSDs. In this paper, we explore the importance of the phylogenetic signal in deriving SSDs using a case studies approach. The case studies involved toxicity data sets for aquatic autotrophs exposed to atrazine and aquatic and avian species exposed to chlorpyrifos. Full and partial data sets were included to explore the influences of differing phylogenetic signal strength and sample size. The phylogenetic signal was significant for some toxicity data sets (i.e., most chlorpyrifos data sets) but not for others (i.e., the atrazine data sets, the chlorpyrifos data sets for all insects, crustaceans, and birds). When a significant phylogenetic signal did occur, effective sample size was reduced. The reduction was large when the signal was strong. In spite of the reduced effective sample sizes, significant phylogenetic signals had little impact on fitted SSDs, even in the tails (e.g., hazardous concentration for 5th percentile species [HC5]). The lack of a phylogenetic signal impact occurred even when we artificially reduced original sample size and increased strength of the phylogenetic signal. We conclude that it is good statistical practice to account for the phylogenetic signal when deriving SSDs because most toxicity data sets do not meet the independence assumption. That said, SSDs and HC5s are robust to deviations from the independence assumption. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1–13. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
Direct oral anticoagulants are effective and safe for the treatment of venous thromboembolism associated with gynecological cancers
Authors: Shimizu Aasa , Sawada Kenjiro , Shiomi Mayu , Kawano Mahiru , Matsumoto Yuri , Takiuchi Tsuyoshi , Kodama Michiko , Kobayashi Eiji , Hashimoto Kae , Mabuchi Seiji , Ueda Yutaka , Tomimatsu Takuji , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo retrospectively review the efficacy and safety of novel direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and compare the results with those of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) when used in clinical practice to treat venous thromboembolism (VTE) because there is insufficient evidence regarding its use in patients with gynecological cancers.MethodsA study was conducted of patients diagnosed with gynecological cancers at Osaka University Hospital between January 2010 and December 2017. The medical records of those who suffered from deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsAmong the 1698 cases of gynecological cancers, 107 (6.3%) cases were diagnosed as having VTE. A total of 34 (31.8%) patients presented DVT plus PE and 73 (68.2%) patients had DVT alone. Fifty‐four cases were treated with DOACs and 53 with VKA. Although 3 of the 53 patients (5.7%) in the VKA group developed recurrent VTE, only 1 (1.9%) patient in the DOAC group showed clinically relevant bleeding from a tumor penetrating the rectum. DOACs were non‐inferior to VKA with respect to the composite outcome, including recurrent venous thrombosis and relevant bleeding (hazard ratio 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.03–3.12, P=0.363).ConclusionDOACs can be effectively and safely used in VTE patients with gynecological cancers.
Persistent depression after obstetric fistula repair
Authors: Stokes Mary J. , Wilkinson Jeffrey P. , Ganesh Prakash , Nundwe William , Pope Rachel J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo measure depression over time using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ‐9) and identify characteristics associated with persistent depression.MethodsA database of women undergoing obstetric fistula repair was used to examine associations between depression and variables such as demographics, type of fistula, and postoperative continence status.ResultsA total of 797 patients completed the PHQ‐9 at the initial preoperative assessment; 365 (45.8%) had a PHQ‐9 score of 5 or higher, indicating depression. Preoperatively, depression was associated with women aged 18–34 years, with no children, and with fistula for 5 years or less. Postoperatively, depression was associated with persistent incontinence. Over time, however, depression was rarely found among women returning for follow‐up.ConclusionPostoperative depression decreased over time in women who returned for follow‐up, either due to selection bias or due to improved adjustment to one's circumstances. This study underscores the need for ongoing follow‐up, especially for those not presenting for care or with persistent incontinence.
Genetic Screening in a Large Chinese Cohort of Childhood Onset Hypoparathyroidism by Next-Generation Sequencing Combined with TBX1-MLPA
Authors: Wang Yabing , Nie Min , Wang Ou , Li Yuepeng , Jiang Yan , Li Mei , Xia Weibo , Xing Xiaoping 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
At least 15 candidate genes have been implicated in hypoparathyroidism (HP). However, comprehensive screening of causative genes for HP is lacking. Here, we investigated the genotype spectrum in a large group of Chinese patients with childhood onset HP. A total of 173 patients with childhood onset HP were analyzed using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), including 15 candidate genes combined with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) of the TBX1 gene. Twenty-seven pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations in five genes (TBX1, AIRE, GATA3, FAM111A, and CASR) including 13 novel variants in 23 patients, and 12 variants of uncertain clinical significance in five genes (GATA3, CASR, FAM111A, GCM2, and PTH) in 11 patients, were identified by NGS. Additionally, an entire gene deletion of TBX1 in 25 patients was found by TBX1-MLPA. Combined with clinical data, 26 (15.0%) cases of DiGeorge syndrome (OMIM #188400), nine (5.2%) autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (OMIM #240300), eight (4.6%) autosomal dominant hypocalcemia type 1 (OMIM #601198), four (2.3%) hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal dysplasia syndrome (OMIM #146255), and one (0.6%) Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 2 (OMIM #127000) were verified. Among them, 16 of 26 (61.5%) DiGeorge syndrome cases were undiagnosed due to the lack of obvious clinical clues before genetic testing. The onset age of patients with mutations (median [interquartile range], 2.8 [0.1, 9.6] years) was significantly earlier than those without mutations (13.0 [8.8, 15.0] years) (p &lt; 0.001). Family history, early onset age, especially prior to 5 years old, and extraparathyroid manifestations were clues for hereditary HP. The combined targeted NGS and TBX-1 MLPA were conveniently and effectively used for comprehensive genetic screening in this large Chinese cohort of childhood onset HP patients. Genetic defects were identified in 27.7% of early-onset HP patients, including four kinds of syndromic HP and one isolated HP. A total of 13 novel mutations were detected, which expands the mutation spectrum of hypoparathyroidism. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Hop2 Interacts with ATF4 to Promote Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lin Tonghui , Lian Na , Tao Huan , Li Cong , Li Lingzhen , Yang Xiangli 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZip) transcription factor family required for the terminal differentiation of osteoblasts. Despite its critical importance as one of the three main osteoblast differentiation transcription factors, regulators of osteoblast terminal maturation remain poorly defined. Here we report the identification of homologous pairing protein 2 (Hop2) as a dimerization partner of ATF4 in osteoblasts via the yeast two-hybrid system. Deletional mapping revealed that the Zip domain of Hop2 is necessary and sufficient to bind ATF4 and to enhance ATF4-dependent transcription. Ectopic Hop2 expression in preosteoblasts increased endogenous ATF4 protein content and accelerated osteoblast differentiation. Mice lacking Hop2 (Hop2−/−) have a normal stature but exhibit an osteopenic phenotype similar to the one observed in Atf4−/− mice, albeit milder, which is associated with decreased Osteocalcin mRNA expression and reduced type I collagen synthesis. Compound heterozygous mice (Atf4+/−:Hop2+/−) display identical skeletal defects to those found in Hop2−/− mice. These results indicate that Hop2 plays a previous unknown role as a determinant of osteoblast maturation via its regulation of ATF4 transcriptional activity. Our work for the first time reveals a function of Hop2 beyond its role in guiding the alignment of homologous chromosomes. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.