bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the impact of transmission mode, calibration level and farmer compliance in simulation models of paratuberculosis in dairy herds
Authors: Kirkeby Carsten , Græsbøll Kaare , Halasa Tariq 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSimulation models can predict the outcome of different strategies for the control and eradication of paratuberculosis (PTB) in dairy herds. Two main transmission modes have previously been used to simulate the spread of PTB: direct (contact between animals) and indirect (through the environment). In addition, previous models were calibrated to either low or high within-herd prevalence levels, which we refer to as normal and low hygiene levels, respectively. We simulated both direct and indirect transmission with the same model in both normal and low hygiene level scenarios. The effectiveness of a test-and-cull strategy was dependent on the calibration level of the simulation model, and eradication occurred less frequently with the more biologically plausible indirect transmission mode. The results were compared to within-herd prevalence records from 314 dairy herds. The prevalence in 50% of the herds varied less than 0.9% per year on average, and less than 4% in 90% of the herds. We therefore conclude that the normal-hygiene scenario best describes most dairy herds in Denmark. Finally, we simulated different levels of farmer compliance with a test-and-cull strategy and found that a 60% compliance level was not sufficient to reach eradication within 10 years.
Training for our digital future: a human-centered design approach to graduate medical education for aspiring clinician-innovators
Authors: Carter Jocelyn , Bababekov Yanik J. , Majmudar Maulik D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the current era of value-based healthcare with increasing emphasis on delivering higher quality care at lower costs, US healthcare innovation as a metric is at a premium. However, an implementation gap exists between technology-enabled innovations and patient-centered care secondary to a lack of formal training rooted in implementation science, healthcare operations, and clinical informatics for healthcare providers. We illustrate the application of human-centered design principles with focus on medical trainees as the end-user in a unique approach to developing clinician-innovators best suited to bridge the implementation gap.
Construction of arbitrarily strong amplifiers of natural selection using evolutionary graph theory
Authors: Pavlogiannis Andreas , Tkadlec Josef , Chatterjee Krishnendu , Nowak Martin A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBecause of the intrinsic randomness of the evolutionary process, a mutant with a fitness advantage has some chance to be selected but no certainty. Any experiment that searches for advantageous mutants will lose many of them due to random drift. It is therefore of great interest to find population structures that improve the odds of advantageous mutants. Such structures are called amplifiers of natural selection: they increase the probability that advantageous mutants are selected. Arbitrarily strong amplifiers guarantee the selection of advantageous mutants, even for very small fitness advantage. Despite intensive research over the past decade, arbitrarily strong amplifiers have remained rare. Here we show how to construct a large variety of them. Our amplifiers are so simple that they could be useful in biotechnology, when optimizing biological molecules, or as a diagnostic tool, when searching for faster dividing cells or viruses. They could also occur in natural population structures.
Pair of grounded L strips loaded broadband circularly polarised square slot antenna with enhanced axial ratio bandwidth
Authors: Midya M. , Bhattacharjee S. , Mitra M. 
Published: June 2018

Broadband circularly polarised square slot antenna excited by a coplanar waveguide feed with enhanced axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) is proposed, designed and experimentally studied. Larger than 21% 3 dB ARBW can be attained by using asymmetric feed and implementing a T‐shaped grounded stub from the left side of the square slot in orthogonal direction towards the slot centre. To further enhance the 3 dB ARBW of the proposed slot antenna, a pair of equal grounded L‐shaped strips with different sizes is embedded at the top right corner of the square slot. Small L‐shaped grounded strip plays an important role for merging two closely spaced multi‐resonant modes, generated by the combined effect of asymmetric feed with T‐shaped grounded stub and with large L‐shaped strip. Overall size of the proposed antenna is 40 × 40 × 1.6 mm3. Measured value shows that the impedance bandwidth and 3 dB ARBW of the designed antenna are 73.39% (5.02–10.84 GHz) and 58.08% (5.07–9.22 GHz), respectively. Good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured results.
Long-term variations in the X-ray activity of HR 1099
Authors: Perdelwitz V. , Navarrete F. H. , Zamponi J. , Mennickent R. E. , Völschow M. , Robrade J. , Schneider P. C. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Although timing variations in close binary systems have been studied for a long time, their underlying causes are still unclear. A possible explanation is the so-called Applegate mechanism, where a strong, variable magnetic field can periodically change the gravitational quadrupole moment of a stellar component, thus causing observable period changes. One of the systems exhibiting such strong orbital variations is the RS CVn binary HR 1099, whose activity cycle has been studied by various authors via photospheric and chromospheric activity indicators, resulting in contradicting periods.
Aims. We aim at independently determining the magnetic activity cycle of HR 1099 using archival X-ray data to allow for a comparison to orbital period variations.
Methods. Archival X-ray data from 80 different observations of HR 1099 acquired with 12 different X-ray facilities and covering almost four decades were used to determine X-ray fluxes in the energy range of 2−10 keV via spectral fitting and flux conversion. Via the Lomb-Scargle periodogram we analyze the resulting long-term X-ray light curve to search for periodicities.
Results. We do not detect any statistically significant periodicities within the X-ray data. An analysis of optical data of HR 1099 shows that the derivation of such periods is strongly dependent on the time coverage of available data, since the observed optical variations strongly deviate from a pure sine wave. We argue that this offers an explanation as to why other authors derive such a wide range of activity cycle periods based on optical data. We furthermore show that X-ray and optical variations are correlated in the sense that the star tends to be optically fainter when it is X-ray bright.
Conclusions. We conclude that our analysis constitutes, to our knowledge, the longest stellar X-ray activity light curve acquired to date, yet the still rather sparse sampling of the X-ray data, along with stochastic flaring activity, does not allow for the independent determination of an X-ray activity cycle.
Experimental investigation on On–Off current ratio behavior near onset voltage for a pentacene based organic thin film transistor
Authors: El Amrani Aumeur , Es-saghiri Abdeljabbar , Boufounas El-Mahjoub , Lucas Bruno 
Published: June 2018

The performance of a pentacene based organic thin film transistor (OTFT) with polymethylmethacrylate as a dielectric insulator and indium tin oxide based electrical gate is investigated. On the one hand, we showed that the threshold voltage increases with gate voltage, and on the other hand that it decreases with drain voltage. Thus, we noticed that the onset voltage shifts toward positive voltage values with the drain voltage increase. In addition, threshold-onset differential voltage (TODV) is proposed as an original approach to estimate an averaged carrier density in pentacene. Indeed, a value of about 4.5 × 1016 cm−3 is reached at relatively high gate voltage of −50 V; this value is in good agreement with that reported in literature with other technique measurements. However, at a low applied gate voltage, the averaged pentacene carrier density remains two orders of magnitude lower; it is of about 2.8 × 1014 cm−3 and remains similar to that obtained from space charge limited current approach for low applied bias voltage of about 2.2 × 1014 cm−3. Furthermore, high IOn/IOff and IOn/IOnset current ratios of 5 × 106 and 7.5 × 107 are reported for lower drain voltage, respectively. The investigated OTFTs also showed good electrical performance including carrier mobility increasing with gate voltage; mobility values of 4.5 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and of 4.25 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 are reached for linear and saturation regimes, respectively. These results remain enough interesting since current modulation ratio exceeds a value of 107 that is a quite important requirement than high mobility for some particular logic gate applications.
Meine Doktoranden – Erinnerungen eines Doktorvaters
Authors: Jung E. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungWährend meiner 35 Jahre an der Universität Heidelberg habe ich 77 Doktoranden angeleitet und zur Promotion geführt. 28 junge Kollegen waren es in den 10 Jahren als leitender Oberarzt an der Heidelberger Dermatologie und nochmals 49 als Direktor der Dermatologischen Klinik an der Medizinischen Fakultät Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg. Die spezielle Situation der Doktoranden wird geschildert, die Inhalte der Arbeiten werden angesprochen und die Ausbeute, die Ernte also, sowie die Publikation ausgelesener Resultate.
PD-1-Blockade bei einem HIV-Patienten mit metastasiertem Merkelzellkarzinom
Authors: Gellrich F. , Garzarolli M. , Blum S. , Beissert S. , Spornraft-Ragaller P. , Boashie U. , Meier F. , Rauschenberg R. 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der modernen antiretroviralen Therapie (ART) haben HIV-positive Patienten eine kaum eingeschränkte Lebenserwartung. Die Folge ist eine Zunahme nicht HIV-assoziierter Krebserkrankungen unter den Infizierten. Die Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen der neuen Checkpoint-Inhibitoren, z. B. Anti-PD-1-Antikörper (PD1 AK) im Zusammenhang mit einem gestörten Immunsystem bei HIV-Infektion sind bisher nicht hinreichend untersucht.In der vorgestellten Kasuistik wurde ein Patient mit metastasiertem Merkelzellkarzinom und einer neu diagnostizierten HIV-Infektion mittels einer antiretroviralen Therapie und Pembrolizumab therapiert. Unter der Therapie mit dem Anti-PD-1-Antikörper und der ART zeigten sich eine komplette Remission nach 6 Monaten und eine rasche Besserung des Immunstatus.Die Therapie eines HIV-infizierten Patienten mit PD-1-Antikörpern scheint wirksam und verträglich zu sein und hat offenbar keinen negativen Effekt auf den Verlauf der HIV-Infektion. Somit stellen Anti-PD-1-Antikörper eine Therapieoption für HIV-positive Patienten mit metastasiertem Merkelzellkarzinom dar.
Peranal endoscopic myectomy (PAEM) for rectal lesions with severe fibrosis and exhibiting the muscle-retracting sign
Authors: Toyonaga Takashi , Ohara Yoshiko , Baba Shinichi , Takihara Hiroshi , Nakamoto Manabu , Orita Hitoshi , Okuda Junji 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Background Although endoscopic submucosal dissection has enabled complete tumor resection and accurate pathological assessment in a manner that is less invasive than surgery, the complete resection of lesions with severe fibrosis in the submucosal layer and exhibiting the muscle-retracting sign is often difficult. We have devised a new method, peranal endoscopic myectomy (PAEM), for rectal lesions with severe fibrosis, in which dissection is performed between the inner circular and outer longitudinal muscles, and have examined the usefulness and safety of this new technique.
Methods All of the patients who underwent PAEM in our hospital and affiliated hospitals between July 2015 and June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.
Results 10 rectal lesions were treated with PAEM. En bloc resection with a negative vertical margin was achieved in eight patients (80 %), whose lesions were mucosal (n = 2), shallow submucosal (n = 1), deep submucosal (n = 4), and muscle invasive (n = 1). The clinical course of all patients after PAEM was favorable. In patients who underwent additional surgery, anus preservation was achieved on the basis of the pathological results from PAEM.
Conclusions PAEM for lesions with severe fibrosis exhibiting the muscle-retracting sign appears to be both safe and useful.
Deterioration of AHG (Factor VIII) and Fibrinolysis
Authors: Brakman P , van Creveld S , Engelsman E , van’t Laar A , Mochtar I. A , Veder H. A 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe possible relationship between antihemophilic globulin (Factor VIII) and fibrinolysis was investigated. No conclusive evidence about the role of fibrinolysis in the deterioration of AHF was obtained but the findings were more against than in favour of the role of fibrinolysis.
Some Aspects of Kinetics of the First Stages of Blood Thromboplastin Formation
Authors: Fisch U , Duckert F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe first stages of blood thromboplastin generation were investigated. Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent, Prephase Accelerator, and Hageman factor are involved in the reactions taking place during the lag period. This phase is followed by the formation of intermediate product I. Studying the kinetics of this particular reaction it was possible to attribute to factors VIII and IX the rôle of substrates and to Stuart-Prower factor the rôle of an enzyme. It appears that in haemophilia B serum two distinct factors are lacking, the genuine factor IX, and the prephase accelerator (PPA). An hypothesis explaining tentatively the activation of a precursor to PPA and genuine factor IX is offered.
Acquired Hemorrhagic Diathesis of Unknown Nature
Authors: Borchgrevink C. F , Hellem A , Voss D , Waaler B. A 
Published: June 2018

Summary1) A case of a severe, acquired hemorrhagic diathesis, complicating a carcinoma of the stomach, is reported.2) The only pathological hemostatic finding was a markedly prolonged bleeding time.3) Platelets were normal; the capillaries seemed to be normal. There was no increased fibrinolysis, and no other defect in his clotting mechanism could be discovered.4) The prolonged bleeding time was probably caused by a hitherto undescribed mechanism.
Thrombin Formation in Purified Systems
Authors: Surgenor Douglas M , Steele Barbara B , Wallach Donald F. H 
Published: June 2018

SummaryStudy of the kinetic behavior of purified human clotting factors suggests that formation of prothrombin activator from platelets, plasma thromboplastin component (PTC), antihemophilic factor (AHF), Factor V and calcium proceeds by a sequence of reactions. The earliest detectable reaction is slow and involves platelets, PTC and calcium; an intermediate activated PTC is obtained which is free of platelet contamination and is characterized by its kinetic behavior. Platelets are also requisite at a later step in the sequence, possibly in an intermediate formed between activated PTC, AHF, platelets and calcium. Variations in platelets, AHF and PTC result in characteristic responses in the kinetics of thrombin formation.
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy and its Control: Marcumar (Phenprocoumon), a new highly active Anticoagulant and Konakion (Phytomenadione), as an Effective Regulator
Authors: Brambel Charles E , Lawrence Serra G 
Published: June 2018

SummaryData are presented to demonstrate the advantages of Marcumar in short-term and long-term treatment, over less active anticoagulants, and the effectiveness of Konakion as regulator of such therapy.
A Micro-Method for the Determination of the Combined Activity of Factor II and VII (Prothrombin and Proconvertin)
Authors: Yin E. T , Senn N. J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryA Micro-method for the determination of the combined activity of factors II and VII (prothrombin-proconvertin) based on the techniques of Owren and Koller et al. using capillary blood plasma, is being described. 0.18 ml of the free flowing blood from either the ear lobe or the finger tip is sucked into a micro-pipette previously containing 0.02 ml of anticoagulant. 0.05 ml of the centrifuged plasma is used to make a 1 : 10 dilution with buffered saline for the test. The clotting times in seconds are converted to percentages from the standard dilution curve plotted on double log. paper. Results obtained on over 300 capillary blood samples from in-patients receiving long term anticoagulant therapy were compared with those done by both Owren’s technique and the described micro-method on venous blood plasmas. These results were closely identical with each other.
Zur Wirkung von Cortison und Roßkastanienextrakten auf eine experimentell ausgelöste Blutungsbereitschaft
Authors: Berneaud-Kötz G , Nover A 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungIn Analogie zu entsprechenden klinischen Veränderungen bei Dys- und Para-proteinämien war es gelungen, im Tierversuch bei bestimmter Versuchsanordnung hämodynamische Störungen und vor allem auch regelmäßig Blutungen in Nick-und Bindehaut hervorzurufen. An dieser experimentell ausgelösten Blutungsbereitschaft wurde die Wirkung von Cortison und Roßkastanienextrakten auf Auftreten und Zahl der Blutungen geprüft und die Befunde mit Behandlungsergebnissen der klinischen Therapie verglichen.
A simple method for the preparation of labile factor deficient plasma
Authors: Katz Ricardo , Ducci Héctor 
Published: June 2018

Summary and conclusionsA method is presented which permits the easy preparation of a stable reagent for labile factor determination.The reagent is obtained in 48 hours by incubation of normal oxalated human plasma in definite amounts and specified containers and further storage in the refrigerator.This labile factor-deficient plasma behaves similarly to the plasma stored at 4° C for 15 to 25 days.This method simplifies the routine performance of labile factor determinations.
Micro Screw Fixation for Small Proximal Pole Scaphoid Fractures with Distal Radius Bone Graft
Authors: Schreiber Joseph , Kang Lana , Hearns Krystle , Pickar Tracy , Carlson Michelle 
Published: June 2018

Background Achieving adequate fixation and healing of small proximal pole acute scaphoid fractures can be surgically challenging due to both fragment size and tenuous vascularity.
Purpose The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that this injury can be managed successfully with osteosynthesis using a “micro” small diameter compression screw with distal radius bone graft with leading and trailing screw threads less than 2.8 mm.
Patients and Methods Patients with proximal pole scaphoid fragments comprising less than 20% of the entire scaphoid were included. Fixation was accomplished from a dorsal approach with a micro headless compression screw and distal radius bone graft. Six patients were included. Average follow-up was 44 months (range, 11–92).
Results Mean proximal pole fragment size was 14% (range, 9–18%) of the entire scaphoid. The mean immobilization time was 6 weeks, time-to-union of 6 weeks, and final flexion/extension arc of 88°/87°. All patients had a successful union, and no patient had deterioration in range of motion, avascular necrosis, or fragmentation of the proximal pole.
Conclusion Small diameter screws with a maximal thread diameter of ≤ 2.8 mm can be used to fix the union of proximal pole acute scaphoid fractures comprising less than 20% of the total area with good success.
Level of Evidence Therapeutic case series, Level IV.
Oral Feeding Outcome after Analgesic and Sedative Exposure in VLBW Preterm Infant
Authors: Astoria Mark , Thacker Leroy , Hendricks-Muñoz Karen 
Published: June 2018

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the association of analgesics and sedatives on oral feeding function and need for feeding tube at discharge in the very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1,500 g) preterm infant.
Study Design A retrospective review of surviving inborn infants < 1,500 g and < 32 weeks' gestation (n = 209), discharged between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2014, from the neonatal intensive care unit identified exposure to analgesic and sedative medications, demographics, medical course, and nasogastric or gastrostomy tube (GT) feeding at discharge. Predictive modeling with logistic regression to identify independent factors associated with discharge on tube feedings.
Results Out of 209, 45 (21.5%) infants received an analgesic/sedative with 23 out of 45 (51.1%) discharged with tube feedings. Infants discharged with tube feedings were born smaller, of younger gestation, with greater SNAPPE-II scores, periventricular leukomalacia, chronic lung disease, postnatal glucocorticoids, lansoprazole, and longer time intubated. After adjusting for covariates, exposure to analgesic/sedatives (fentanyl, midazolam, or morphine) was independently predictive of discharge on tube feedings.
Conclusion Analgesic and sedative exposure in VLBW infants is highly associated with poor oral feeding and need for tube feedings at discharge.
Image-guided Biopsy of Mesenteric, Omental, and Peritoneal Disease
Authors: Cornman-Homonoff Joshua , Madoff David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe peritoneum, omenta, and mesenteries can be affected by a myriad of disease processes, but many common pathologies cannot be definitively distinguished based on clinical history and imaging characteristics alone. Percutaneous image-guided biopsy is a safe, well-tolerated procedure with high diagnostic accuracy, which has supplanted more invasive means of obtaining tissue and is increasingly essential in directing patient care. An understanding of the indications, pre-procedural evaluation, technical considerations, and potential complications is essential for the radiologist who performs these procedures, and more broadly for any clinician who may request them.
Do economic resources play a role in bargaining child care in couples? Parental investment in cases of matching and mismatching gender ideologies in Germany
Authors: Nitsche Natalie , Grunow Daniela 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACT
This paper examines the factors associated with a gendered division of childcare among parents in Germany. While much is known on the gender division of housework in families and the economic and sociological factors that may be driving it, we still know relatively little about whether and how these factors may affect the division of unpaid childcare in families. We first assess the relevance of partner’s combined gender ideologies and relative resources on the division of unpaid childcare. Second, we assess whether the effect of economic resources may be contingent on the partners’ agreement or disagreement on gender ideologies concerning maternal employment. We address these questions using data from the German Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics (pairfam) and MLM Growth Curve Models. Our findings consistently show a significant positive effect of partners’ combined gender ideologies and her share of income on his share of childcare. These effects are strongest, and robust, among couples with matching ideologies supporting maternal employment, which we term ‘egalitarian island’ couples. Economically efficient divisions of childcare thus appear dependent upon the couples’ ideological pairing and on mothers’ ideologies towards maternal employment.
Beyond Liberal and Conservative
Authors: Robinson Rob , Swedlow Brendon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA significant undiscussed problem with the leading conceptualization of ideologically based judicial behavior, Jeffrey Segal and Harold Spaeth’s attitudinal model, is its lack of theory. This problem leads to circular reasoning, ad hoc coding adjustments, and inaccurate characterizations and explanations of case outcomes, judicial votes and ideologies, and trends in judicial behavior. A values-based theory of ideology, such as the cultural theory pioneered by Mary Douglas, Michael Thompson, Aaron Wildavsky, and others, can help remedy this problem. Applying this cultural theory to First Amendment cases, we find that political cultures valuing equality, order, and liberty provide a more accurate account of judicial decisions than labeling them liberal or conservative.