bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Structure of Collaboration Networks: An Illustration of Indian Economics
Authors: Krishna M. , Bino Paul G.D. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The main aim of this study is twofold: first, to examine the underlying structure of coauthorship in Indian economics; and second, to explore the link between the participation in scientific collaborations and academic visibility. We decipher the structure of co-authorship by presenting collaboration networks of scholars who published articles in six Indian economics journals during 1966-2005, which is split into four windows: 1966-75, 1976-85, 1986-95, and 1996-2005. In this study, the following social network measures are applied: the size of the network, the size of the main component, average degree, path length, and clustering coefficient. The study presents the following three features of Indian economics: first, a substantial proportion of Indian authors are isolated, albeit declining very slowly over a period of time; second, it appears that the structure of scholarly collaboration in Indian economics is highly fragmented, and the observed size of main components accounts for a small proportion of the total authors; third, and more importantly, the size and composition of co-authorship networks presented in the paper seldom impact the scientific visibility of authors.
Low-dissolved-oxygen nitrification in tropical sewage: an investigation on potential, performance and functional microbial community
Authors: How S. W. , Lim S. Y. , Lim P. B. , Aris A. M. , Ngoh G. C. , Curtis T. P. , Chua A. S. M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Intensive aeration for nitrification is a major energy consumer in sewage treatment plants (STPs). Low-dissolved-oxygen (low-DO) nitrification has the potential to lower the aeration demand. However, the applicability of low-DO nitrification in the tropical climate is not well-understood. In this study, the potential of low-DO nitrification in tropical setting was first examined using batch kinetic experiments. Subsequently, the performance of low-DO nitrification was investigated in a laboratory-scale sequential batch reactor (SBR) for 42 days using real tropical sewage. The batch kinetic experiments showed that the seed sludge has a relatively high oxygen affinity. Thus, the rate of nitrification was not significantly reduced at low DO concentrations (0.5 mg/L). During the operation of the low-DO nitrification SBR, 90% of NH4-N was removed. The active low-DO nitrification was mainly attributed to the limited biodegradable organics in the sewage. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed the nitrifiers were related to Nitrospira genus and Nitrosomonadaceae family. Phylogenetic analysis suggests 47% of the operational taxonomic units in Nitrospira genus are closely related to a comammox bacteria. This study has demonstrated active low-DO nitrification in tropical setting, which is a more sustainable process that could significantly reduce the energy footprint of STPs.
Pasado, presente y futuro de la noción de información
Authors: Capurro Rafael 
Published: March 2018

Este artigo apresenta de forma resumida a complexa historia da noção de informação na tradução greco-romana, medieval e moderna. A partir da etimologia latina dessa noção e de suas raízes nos conceitos gregos de eidos / ideia e morphé se mostra como a noção de informação no seu conceito ontológico (‘dar forma a algo’) perde sua relevância na modernidade, mantendo-se o sentido de ‘dizer algo a alguém’. As teorias da informação no século XX apoiadas na concepção de sistemas técnicos de transmissão de mensagens dão lugar a um renascimento da noção objetiva de informação, mas em um marco diferente a da filosofia clássica pré-moderna. Partindo da relação entre os conceitos de informação e de mensagem se apresentam possíveis caminhos para a noção de informação fundamentada em uma teoria de mensagens.
Characterization of Regulatory T-Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Interferon Beta-1a
Authors: Ebrahimimonfared Mohsen , Ganji Ali , Zahedi Sara , Nourbakhsh Parisa , Ghasami Keyvan , Mosayebi Ghasem 
Published: March 2018

Background:
Regulatory T-Cells (Treg Cells), as one of the immune system components,
have been highly effective in the autoimmune diseases prevention, particularly multiple sclerosis
(MS). Cytokine-based therapies such as interferon beta-1a (IFN-β1a) is a common drug in MS treatment;
however, its exact mechanisms are insufficiently described.

Objective:
Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the in vivo impact of IFN-β1a on the Treg
Cells in MS.

Methods:
In this case-control study, Treg Cells were analysed by flowcytometry in IFN-β1a-treated
relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) in comparison with new cases of MS and healthy subjects.

Results:
The frequency of Treg Cells in the IFN-β1a treated-RRMS was increased compared to the
new MS cases (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the MFIs of the CD4 and CD25 in T-Cells were significantly
reduced in new cases of MS and IFN-β1a-treated RRMS than the control subjects (P < 0.05). Additionally,
the FoxP3 MFIs in CD4 + CD25 + T-Cells of IFN-β1a-treated RRMS were significantly
lower than the new cases of MS.

Conclusion:
Overall, the present study indicated that IFN-β1a as an immunomodulatory drug led to an
enhancement in Treg Cells population without CD4, CD25, and FoxP3 molecules upregulation in Treg
Cells.
Preliminary toxicity and thin layer chromatographic studies of Pteleopsis habeensis leaves
Authors: Aliyu Falmata M. , Tata Fave , Ashemi Fatimah H. 
Published: March 2018

Oral acute toxicity test in which a single dose is used in an animal on one occasion is to identify the gross behaviour and the dose that will cause the animal to die. To investigate the phytoconstituents and toxicity of different extracts of P. habeensis in wistar strain Albino rats. The acute toxicity was determined through oral administration of different doses of P. haeensis leaf extracts to Wistar albino rats in increasing concentrations to ascertain its safety. The animals were monitored daily for 10 days for signs of toxicity such changes in their general behaviour and death as endpoint. The lethal dose (LD50) of P. habeensis leaves extract were found to be ≥ 4000 mg/kgand there was no any sign of toxicity or changes in the gross behaviour when observed. The extracts were found to contain some important phytochemical constituent such as alkaloid, flavonoids, Tannin and Triterpenoids. TLC studies illustrated the spots of different phytoconstituent presents. The findings revealed that with the different extracts of P. habeensis no sign of toxicity on short term exposure of a single dose and contains different active constituent which are associated with some pharmacological effects.
Francia: Los polos de competitividad
Authors: Giudice Baca Victor 
Published: March 2018

Francois Perroux (1952) creó la Teoría de los Polos de Crecimiento en Francia. Consideró que en una región hay una Industria Motriz que genera nuevas empresas abastecedoras y se forma un Cluster Regional. (Agrupación de Empresas de la Región). Hoy se llaman en Francia Polos de Competitividad. Se ha registrado (2016) 71 Polos de Competitividad en Francia. Destacan los Polos Industriales, los Polos de Investigación en Salud, los Polos de Alimentos del Futuro, los Polos Aero – Espaciales, etc. Cada Polo Industrial y Empresarial está agrupando Empresas de Investigación en Laboratorios y Universidades de Investigación. El Polo Majes – Siguas de Arequipa es el más vinculado a los Polos de Francia. Majes – Siguas tiene planeada la Universidad Agroindustrial de Majes. En la Actualidad se apresuran a rodear las Pampas (de 80,000 hectáreas) con Paneles Solares. En el Perú están emergiendo 7 Polos Agroindustriales de Costa : Puyango Tumbes; Olmos; Chavimochic; Chinecas; Región Ica; Irrigación Majes – Siguas; Irrigaciones de Tacna ( Olivares y Lácteos). El Proyecto Sierra Azul se propone irrigar 500,000 hectáreas en Sur Andino y recuperar 100,000 hectáreas de Andenes hacía el Año 2021.
Corporate Governance and Resource Allocation Efficiency: Evidence from IPO Regulation in China
Authors: Chen Xinyuan , Huang Jun , Li Xu , Zhang Tianshu 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT
As a requisite to issuing initial public offerings (IPOs), Chinese companies must obtain approval from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC). Using a sample of Chinese firms that applied for IPOs between 2006 and 2011, we examine the influence of corporate governance on the IPO application process and firms' post-IPO performance. We find that firms with more outside directors, smaller boards, and more balanced ownership among large shareholders are more likely to pass the IPO screening. Along similar lines, controlling shareholder ownership is negatively related to the success of IPO screening. Further analyses show that effective corporate governance plays a more important role when firms engage in more complex operations, and it plays a less important role when firms are politically connected. Finally, we find that firms with better corporate governance enjoy better post-IPO performance, indicating that resource allocation is more efficient when the CSRC values firms' corporate governance.
JEL Classifications: G02; G14; M14.
Effect of Achieved Systolic Blood Pressure on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Yu Esther Yee Tak , Chin Weng Yee , Fung Colman Siu Cheung , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Chan Anca Ka Chun , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to compare the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with treated hypertension who achieved systolic blood pressures (SBPs) of &lt;120, &lt;130, and &lt;140 mmHg after an increase in their antihypertensive regimen.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 28,014 primary care adult patients with T2DM with no prior diagnosis of CVD and who achieved SBP readings &lt;140 mmHg after an increase in the number of antihypertensive medications prescribed. Using an extension of propensity score matching, a total of 2,079, 10,851, and 15,084 matched patients with achieved SBP measurements of &lt;120, &lt;130, and &lt;140 mmHg were identified. The association between achieved SBP and incident CVD were evaluated using Cox regressions. Subgroup analyses were conducted by stratifying patients’ baseline characteristics.

RESULTS
Over a median follow-up period of 4.8 years, the incidence of CVD in patients with achieved SBP measures of &lt;120, &lt;130, and &lt;140 mmHg were 318 (15.3%; incidence rate [IR] 34.3/1,000 person-years [PY]), 992 (9.1%; IR 20.4/1,000 PY), and 1,635 (10.8%; IR 21.4/1,000 PY). Achieved SBP &lt;120 mmHg was associated with a higher risk of CVD compared with achieved SBP &lt;130 mmHg (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75 [95% CI 1.53, 2.00]) and achieved SBP &lt;140 mmHg (HR 1.67 [95% CI 1.46, 1.90]). There was a significant reduction in CVD risk in patients &lt;65 years (HR 0.81 [95% CI 0.69, 0.96]) but no difference for other patients, including patients ≥65 years, who achieved SBP &lt;130 mmHg when compared with the group that achieved SBP &lt;140 mmHg.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support a SBP treatment target of 140 mmHg and suspect no risk reduction attenuation on CVD for lower SBP targets (&lt;120 or &lt;130 mmHg) for most patients with uncomplicated T2DM. A randomized control trial is still needed to confirm these findings.
Cómo tratar y curar el cáncer según el Dr. Google
Authors: Rozengway Vijil Herman 
Published: March 2018

Introducción:
Muchos pacientes usan el internet para buscar información de enfermedades y tratamientos, pero no todas las páginas web contienen información fidedigna, por el contrario, pueden contener información perjudicial para los pacientes.
Metodología:
Estudio cualitativo interpretativo transversal de muestreo por conveniencia. Se realizó la búsqueda de las palabras clave “Cómo curar el cáncer” y “Tratamiento para el cáncer” en el buscador de mayor importancia a nivel internacional “Google” y se analizó el contenido de los primeros 10 resultados de cada término.
Resultados:
Al buscar la palabra “cura” se encuentran primordialmente dominios que incentivan a dejar el tratamiento farmacológico (Quimioterapia y Radioterapia) por considerarlo tóxico e inefectivo, a su vez motivan al consumo de tratamientos naturales o alternativos para curar el cáncer como la dieta alcalina, frutas varias y oxigenoterapia con tasas de éxito de 100%, económicos y sin efectos secundarios; al buscar la palabra “tratamiento” se encuentran únicamente páginas de carácter medico con lista de tratamientos actuales para los distintos tipos de cáncer.
Conclusión:
Se incentiva educar a la población de pacientes oncológicos sobre los riesgos de la búsqueda en línea de métodos alternativos de tratamiento para sus enfermedades ya que confieren un riesgo significativo para ellos.

Palabras clave:
Oncología, Google, Búsqueda Web.
The Role of the European Court of Human Rights in Promoting Horizontal Positive Obligations of the State
Authors: Florczak-Wątor Monika 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Over the last forty years the concept of the horizontal positive obligations of the State Parties to the European Convention on Human Rights has been developing in a number of cases of the European Court of Human Rights. This concept extends the protection of Convention rights and freedoms to horizontal relations, that is, to the relations between two private parties. However, the Convention on Human Rights can be violated only by the State; the violation by private parties is not possible, as private parties are not parties to the Conventions. Therefore, the only way to challenge a violation of Convention rights committed by private parties is to link this action to an act or omission of the State, and to claim that the State is responsible for it. This, in turn, requires demonstrating that the Convention obliges the State to protect one individual’s Convention rights from violations committed by other individuals. The State has a wide margin of appreciation as to how it discharges the obligation to protect Convention rights against violations by private individuals.
Arbitrability and Public Interest in International Commercial Arbitration
Authors: Drličková Klára 
Published: March 2018

Summary
The aim of this article is to analyse the mutual relationship between arbitrability and public interest. The definition of arbitrability has remained in the domain of national law; there is no internationally unified definition, although a common trend towards the extension of its scope may be observed. There is no doubt about arbitrability in disputes concerning only the individual interests of the parties. However, if the dispute shows elements of public interest, it does not automatically imply that it is not arbitrable. A sign of equation thus cannot be put between public interest and inarbitrability. Disputes arising from economic activities involving public interest can be resolved before the arbitral tribunals. This for instance includes private-law enforcement of competition rules (including EU ones), disputes affected by illegal (criminal) actions, disputes concerning intellectual property rights (in certain countries also with erga omnes effects) or disputes related to insolvency proceedings.
Responsibility to Protect and Human Security: Doctrines Destroying or Strengthening the Sovereignty?
Authors: Uusitalo Jenna 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Responsibility to protect (R2P) and human security are controversial doctrines which reflect the international politics rather than purely defend their original legal aims. Simultaneously both doctrines demonstrate the change in the international law and politics as well as challenge the classical perception of the sovereignty. Through the practical examples the present article illustrates how these doctrines are affecting to sovereignty and discusses some selected problems attached to the interventions applied under these principles. Essentially the article argues that, despite their noble ideology, doctrines of R2P and human security are too extensive to be applied coherently by the international community, but that they can nevertheless have potential to strengthen sovereignty.
Nationality Diversity of Bank Boards
Authors: Nedelchev Miroslav 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparative study for nationality diversity in bank boards. The study covers practices of board diversity of nine commercial banks. The data are compared for subsidiary banks in Bulgaria and their parent banks from the home country. The study defines a high degree of nationality diversity in subsidiary banks. The Bulgarian banks have a higher number of foreign members on boards compared to their parent banks. The good practices on board diversity in Bulgarian banks are a consequence of their subordination in European financial conglomerates and are aimed to reduce agent conflicts.
Productivity and Economic Growth in the European Union: Impact of Investment in Research and Development
Authors: Nekrep Andreja , Strašek Sebastjan , Boršič Darja 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper focuses on investment in research and development as a factor of labour productivity and economic growth. Our analysis confirms the link between expenditure for research and development (expressed in % of GDP) and labour productivity (expressed in the number of hours worked) based on selected data for EU Member States in the period 1995-2013. A causal link between variables of the concave parabola was confirmed, and the value of expenditure for research and development (2.85% of EU GDP) maximising productivity (per hour of work) was determined based on the examined data. In accordance with these findings, EU’s target of reaching 3% of GDP spent on research and development to be achieved by 2020 seems in support of reaching maximum productivity in the EU.
Cultural Foundations of Female Entrepreneurship in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Cavada Martha Cantú , Bobek Vito , Skoko Hazbo , Maček Anita 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This paper analyses possible challenges and opportunities that Mexican female entrepreneurs face during the establishment of new enterprises. Based on in-depth interviews with female entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship experts, authors researched opportunities in the form of governmental and non-governmental institutional support, growing entrepreneurship, social awareness and women empowerment. However, lack of credibility, fear of vulnerability to criticism and social pressure are some challenges associated with gender egalitarianism. In such, the authors proved that Mexican culture impacts women in some ways more than the others. Institutional collectivism was the cultural dimension with higher positive impact on women, followed by gender egalitarianism with a neutral to positive impact and the power distance with a neutral influence on women.
A Conceptual Model of the Relationship between Personal Values and Personal Tax Culture Regarding the Perception of Tax System Fairness
Authors: Vehovar Aleksandra , Mumel Damijan , Hauptman Lidija 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between personal values and personal tax culture regarding the perception of a tax system’s fairness. The paper deals with the main theoretical starting points of the fundamental cornerstones of the general tax culture such as tax evasion, tax compliance and tax system. Based on findings in Schwartz's model of personal values, the paper discusses some of individual personal values, categorized into ten groups within a two-dimensional circular design, along two bipolar dimensions. Because this field of research is largely unexplored and based on the previous theoretical research, a conceptual model for analysing this relationship was developed.
Changes in Tax Legislation and Social Responsibility of Taxpayers and Legislative Institutions
Authors: Štager Vesna 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The article deals with the cost of tax compliance which arises for taxpayers from tax complexity and the constant changes in tax legislation. A socially responsible institution for the fiscal aggression is the Financial Administration of the Republic of Slovenia, as its powers and responsibilities creates the tax position of individuals, businesses and the entire economy. The aim of our research is to encourage socially responsible behaviour of legislation institutions in adopting the tax legislation, which will help to improve the social responsibility of taxpayers and increase tax compliance.
Fine Arts: 3. Contribution of the University Teaching Staff to the Development of Creative Imagination of the Fine Arts Profile Students
Authors: Roşca-Ceban Daniela 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The aim of the research is developing of the CISA in FAD course. The acquired skills will enable the creative explanation, understanding of the current artistic principles and the achievement of quality creative products. The research problem is the indigence of the creative process, the mechanical combination and the intuitive reproduction of the students' plastic artists experience and the lack of creative imagination in the creative process.
Fine Arts: 4. Proposals Regarding Work Strategies in Visual Arts Activities II. Creating an Interrogative Attitude
Authors: Aprotosoaie-Iftimi Ana-Maria 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Between the age of six and eleven, children easily express themselves through drawing. After this age, there is a blockage due to the development of critical thinking. If during the 6 - 11 age stage children draw using symbol schemes, reporting what they remember and what they understood from what they saw, after the age of 10-11 (secondary phase) children want to draw what they see and thus they face challenges related to technical means and language specific for arts. In this regard, a mediation is necessary between the technical means and the artwork or reproductions of fine art (either in albums, or displayed on a screen) using guided questions. This process, that over the years of teaching proved its efficiency, contributes to the development of students’ imagination and creativity, and to the formation of a useful general culture.
Education: 5. Application of Interactive Methods to Music and Literature Lessons in Primary Classes
Authors: Gînju Tatiana 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The author takes over and presents in the context of the action of integrating the literary-artistic education methodologies - the musical education methodologies the epistems that explain the interactive nature of these. This original way of approaching literature and arts methodologies has been applied experimentally in primary education, language courses and romanian literature and music education, thus providing teaching staff with integrated teaching and learning materials of literature and music.
Education: 7. Integrality of Musical Education Lesson – Praxeological Perspectives
Authors: Caliga Marina 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
One of the most important goals of modern pedagogy is to identify the educational potential, to define ways of asserting man as a subject of cognition, communication and creation. This article investigates the praxeological aspects of the musical education lesson, expressed through the concept of integrality. The issue of integrality is one of the key concerns related to man's cognition of reality: the integrality of internal and external phenomena (cognitive and affective); the logics that moves the processes of cognition; the categories of the integral system, divided into partitioned / whole and others. From this perspective, for a fundamental change in education, a global and unitary vision is needed on the concept of integrality and on the activity of personality formation and development.