bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Student and Staff Gender Affect Physician Associate Student Experience on Clinical Rotations?
Authors: Guest Brogan , Aichison Katie , Bascombe Kate , Chakraborty Tripti , Gnanapragasam Vasa , Haider Ban , Hickman Beck , Louis Chandran , McCann Lauren 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Physician assistant/associate (PA) courses rely heavily on hands-on experience during clinical placement, and higher education institutes aim to provide students with an equitable experience. This article aims to understand how student gender and supervisor gender affect student experience on clinical placement at 2 PA courses in the United Kingdom, where PAs are known as physician associates. We found no evidence of pedagogical literature that focused on the gender differences in PA experience, so we aim to be the first to provide this research.

Methods
To assess student experience, student feedback was collected through online qualitative surveys and stratified by student and supervisor gender. 95% confidence intervals were calculated for scaled questions.

Results
Qualitative feedback from students shows a clear difference in their clinical placement experiences. Male students report fewer opportunities to observe and assess female patients, while female students report fewer opportunities observe and assess male patients. The most significant difference is seen when male students are seeing female patients. The discrepancy becomes more pronounced when male students are supervised by male supervisors and when female students are supervised by female supervisors.

Discussion
In planning clinical placements for students, programs must understand and recognize the potential for differences in experience based on student and supervisor gender and should take action to ensure a more equitable experience for all students.
Transbronchial Needle Aspiration via Ultrathin Bronchoscope Improves Diagnostic Yield for Peripheral Lung Lesions
Authors: Olive Gerard N. , Leong Steven C. , Marshall Henry M. , Yang Ian A. , Bowman Rayleen V. , Fong Kwun M. 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) are frequently identified and require diagnostic sampling. Diagnostic yield of radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) guided bronchoscopic biopsies is suboptimal, despite ultrasound confirmation of navigation success. Pairing ultrathin bronchoscopy and peripheral transbronchial needle aspiration (pTBNA) may improve yield.

Methods:
We prospectively recruited consecutive patients undergoing Olympus MP190F ultrathin bronchoscopy with rEBUS-guided sampling of PPLs. Cases were randomized to pTBNA (Olympus Periview FLEX) either before or after the usual transbronchial forceps biopsy (TBLBx) and brush. Diagnostic yield from cytology or histopathology, clinical outcomes to a minimum 24 months follow-up and complications were recorded.

Results:
One hundred one sampled lesions were included (pTBNA first 61, pTBNA last 40). Overall diagnostic yield was 66.3%, with no significant difference between groups (64% vs. 70% P=0.528) or prespecified subgroups according to sampling order. Seventy lesions had an end diagnosis of malignancy, of which 50 were correctly diagnosed (71.4%). TBLBx (49/96, 49%) and pTBNA (48/101, 47.5%) had the highest individual positive yield. For 12 (11.9%) participants, pTBNA was the only positive sample. Lesions <20 mm and those with eccentric rEBUS image seemed to benefit most from this approach. Rapid on-site cytologic examination (ROSE) was associated with both positive procedural diagnosis (P=0.019) and pTBNA-positive samples (P=0.004). Pneumothorax occurred in 4% and moderate bleeding in 5%. Thirteen percent had an unplanned admission within 1 month of bronchoscopy.

Conclusion:
Adding pTBNA to conventional sampling through an ultrathin bronchoscope guided by rEBUS, improved diagnostic yield (11.9% additional diagnoses). The sampling sequence did not affect the yield of pTBNA.
Preparing Nurses for CD20-CD3 Bispecific Antibody Treatment in Patients With Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: van der Linde Sam , Knights Emily , Robertson Molly , Krishnasamy Meinir , Minson Adrian , Dickinson Michael 
Published: November 2024

Background
Bispecific T-cell engaging antibodies (BsAbs) are novel agents used to treat B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL); these agents demonstrate a different toxicity profile compared with standard chemoimmunotherapy.

Objective
To describe common adverse events (AEs) experienced by patients with B-NHL during BsAb treatment.

Methods
MEDLINE, EMCARE, and EMBASE were searched for relevant studies. Prospective interventional clinical trials of CD20-CD3 BsAbs in late development reporting on safety data for B-NHL patients, published until March 2023, were included.

Results
This search identified 1481 records; 28 met the inclusion criteria. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neutropenia, pyrexia, and anemia were the most commonly reported AEs. CRS primarily occurred during the first cycle of treatment and was mostly low grade; 14 publications (48%) reported a grade ≥3; however, these occurred in less than 10% of patients. Mitigation strategies included premedication with corticosteroids, antipyretics, and antihistamines; step-up dosing; and planned hospitalizations. Two articles reported common signs and symptoms of CRS, which included pyrexia (98% and 99%), chills (13% and 35%), tachycardia (27% and 28%), and hypotension (24% and 38%). Supportive management, tocilizumab, and corticosteroids were widely used (reported in 16/28 studies) for the treatment of CRS. Patient risk factors for CRS included high tumor burden, bone marrow infiltration, and circulating disease.

Conclusions
The AE profile of BsAbs requires specialized nurses, skilled in assessing patients for risk factors and recognizing signs and symptoms of AEs.

Implications for practice
Findings from this review will contribute to cancer nurses’ knowledge of CD20-CD3 BsAbs for B-NHL, optimizing the quality and safety of patient care.
Associations between multimorbidity burden and objective and patient-reported sleep outcomes among people with HIV
Authors: Sukumaran Luxsena , Sabin Caroline A. , Kunisaki Ken M. , Doyle Nicki , Post Frank A. , Vera Jaime , Mallon Patrick W.G. , Sachikonye Memory , Boffito Marta , Anderson Jane , Winston Alan 
Published: November 2024

Background:
We aimed to provide insights into the effects of comorbidities on sleep health in people with HIV by assessing associations between multimorbidity patterns and sleep outcomes in the Pharmacokinetic and clinical Observations in PeoPle over fiftY (POPPY) sub-study.

Methods:
Principal component analysis identified six multimorbidity patterns among participants with HIV (n = 1073) at baseline: cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), sexually transmitted diseases, metabolic, mental/joint, neurological and cancer/other. Burden z scores were calculated for each individual/pattern. A subset of 478 participants completed sleep assessments at follow-up, including questionnaires [Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance (SD) and Sleep Related Impairment (SRI)] and overnight oximetry [4% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and percentage of time with oxygen saturation (SpO2) <90%). Multivariable regression assessed associations between burden z scores and sleep measures.

Results:
Amongst 309 participants [median (interquartile range) age 53 (47–59) years], 21% had insomnia (ISI ≥15). Higher Mental/Joint z scores were associated with increased odds of insomnia [aOR 1.06 (95% CI 1.03–1.09)] and worse PROMIS-SRI [1.34 (1.22–1.48)] and PROMIS-SD [1.27 (1.16–1.39)] scores. Higher metabolic and neurological z scores were associated with worse PROMIS-SRI scores (P < 0.01). Higher CVDs z scores were associated with worse ISI and PROMIS-SRI scores, and a higher percentage of time with SpO2 below 90% (all P's < 0.01).

Conclusion:
This study is among the first to describe specific multimorbidity patterns linked to poorer sleep outcomes in people with HIV. Findings suggest the need for targeted sleep interventions based on multimorbidity profiles, which may mitigate broader health risks associated with poor sleep.
Managing cognitive impairment in people with HIV
Authors: Alford Kate , O’Brien Clara , Banerjee Sube , Fitzpatrick Colin , Vera Jaime H. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose of review
To describe patient-centred multiciplinary management and care of people with HIV presenting with cognitive disorders

Recent findings
In the era of effective antiretroviral therapy a comprehensive, multifactorial approach to assessing and managing cognitive impairment in people with HIV is required. The complexity of cognitive disorders in this population demands more than current guidelines offer, which focus primarily on HIV management, overlooking broader clinical, psychological, and social factors. Key recommendations include the integration of medical history, physical examinations, brain imaging (especially MRI), neuropsychological testing, and lumbar puncture to identify underlying causes of cognitive decline. Pharmacological treatments for HIV-related cognitive decline remain ineffective, making nonpharmacological interventions, such as cognitive training and holistic rehabilitation programs, essential for managing symptoms. Additionally, the review calls for early detection through routine screening, monitoring, and preventive care. Social and psychological support are emphasized as critical factors in addressing the mental health issues exacerbated by cognitive decline in people with HIV. Emerging models of care, such as integrated, multidisciplinary clinics, show promise in delivering comprehensive, patient-centered care that addresses both cognitive issues and broader quality of life.

Summary
This review underscores the need for a holistic, multifaceted approach to managing cognitive impairment in people with HIV, integrating clinical, psychological, and social interventions alongside HIV treatment. Given the lack of effective pharmacological options, early detection, prevention, and nonpharmacological strategies are critical in optimizing quality of life and maintaining cognitive function in this vulnerable population.
Sleep Deprivation in Healthy Males Increases Muscle Afferents, Impairing Motor Preparation and Reducing Endurance
Authors: Rault Christophe C. S. , Heraud Quentin , Ansquer Solène , Ragot Stéphanie , Kostencovska Angela , Thille Arnaud W. , Stancu Alexandra , Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Drouot Xavier 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
Sleep deprivation (SD) reduces time to task failure during endurance exercises. The aim of our work was to study the effect of acute SD on the endurance of a skeletal hand muscle and to investigate cortical motor drive to muscle and perception of effort.

Methods:
Origin of the early exhaustion after SD might be insufficient cortical motor drive to muscle or motor inhibition because of excessive perception of effort. The supplementary motor area, the medial part of the premotor cortex, links the motor and sensory cortexes, prepares for voluntary movements, and may play a central role in the pathophysiology of impaired muscle endurance after SD. Supplementary motor area can be noninvasively assessed by electromyogram measuring amplitude of premotor potentials before hand movements. We investigated the effect of SD on muscle endurance in healthy volunteers performing moderate hand exercise by monitoring supplementary motor area activation and muscle afferents. Two sessions were performed, in random order, one after a normal sleep night and the other after a sleepless night.

Results:
Twenty healthy young men were included in this study. Sleep deprivation reduced time to task failure by 11%. Supplementary motor area activation was altered throughout the task and effort perception was increased.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that SD reduces skeletal muscle endurance by increasing the effects of muscle afferents on the supplementary motor area. Sleep alterations frequently reported in chronic diseases might reduce patients' capacity to achieve the low-intensity motor exercises required in everyday life. Our results should lead to the search for sleep disorders in patients with chronic pathology.
Adaptation of ACMG/AMP guidelines for clinical classification ofBMPR2variants in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension resolves variants of unclear pathogenicity in ClinVar
Authors: Eichstaedt Christina A. , Maldonado-Velez Gabriel , Machado Rajiv D. , Balachandar Srimmitha , Coulet Florence , Day Kristina , Dooijes Dennis , Eyries Melanie , Gräf Stefan , Macaya Daniela , Shaukat Memoona , Southgate Laura , Tenorio-Castano Jair , Chung Wendy K. , Welch Carrie L. , Aldred Micheala A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurpose: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease that can be caused by pathogenic variants, most frequently in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) gene. We formed a ClinGen variant curation expert panel to devise guidelines for the clinical interpretation ofBMPR2variants identified in PAH patients. Methods: The general ACMG/AMP variant classification criteria were refined for PAH and adapted toBMPR2following ClinGen procedures. Subsequently, these specifications were tested independently by three members of the curation expert panel on 28 representativeBMPR2variants selected from ClinVar, and then presented and discussed in the plenum. Results: Application of the finalBMPR2variant specifications resolved 6 of 9 variants (66%) where multiple ClinVar classifications included a Variant of Uncertain Significance, with all six being reclassified as Benign or Likely Benign. Four splice site variants underwent clinically consequential reclassifications based on the presence or absence of supporting mRNA splicing data. Conclusion: The variant specifications provide an international framework and a useful tool forBMPR2variant classification and can be applied to increase confidence and consistency inBMPR2interpretation for diagnostic laboratories, clinical providers, and patients.
Employing Microsoft Sway as a Repository for Data Generated in Pharmaceutics Experimental Courses: A Case study on Topical Formulation Characterization
Authors: Chen Qingxin , Luo Rui , Pan Xin , Wu Chuanbin , Huang Zhengwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicrosoft Sway is an easy-to-use online creative software developed by Microsoft. It has many advantages as follows: easy to operate and does not require long-term practice and learning; network links can be created and accessed by devices such as Personal Computer (PC) and mobile terminals; Educators and Learners are allowed to browse this repository at anytime to facilitate the application prospects of mining relevant data. Therefore, the author proposes that Microsoft Sway may be a very promising data repository for pharmaceutical experimental teaching courses, and is expected to be extended to undergraduate experimental teaching in other natural science fields.
Directed Evolution of a Genetically Encoded Indicator for Chloride
Authors: Peng Weicheng , Tutol Jasmine N. , Phelps Shelby M. , Kam Hiu , Lynd Jacob K. , Dodani Sheel C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAbstract FigureInarguably, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) family is an exemplary model for protein engineering, accessing a range of unparalleled functions and utility in biology. The first variant to recognize and provide an optical output of chloride in living cells was serendipitously uncovered more than 25 years ago. Since then, researchers have actively expanded the potential of GFP indicators for chloride through site-directed and combinatorial site-saturation mutagenesis, along with chimeragenesis. However, to date, the power of directed evolution has yet to be unleashed. As a proof-of-concept, here, we use random mutagenesis paired with anion walking to engineer a chloride-insensitive fluorescent protein named OFPxm into a functional indicator named ChlorOFF. The sampled mutational landscape unveils an evolutionary convergent solution at one position in the anion binding pocket and nine other mutations across eight positions, of which only one has been previously linked to chloride sensing potential in the GFP family.
Crisis management: a post-pandemic framework proposition and lessons learned at Hyundai Motor Brazil
Authors: Oliva Fabio Lotti , Bution Jefferson Luiz , Paza Andrei Carlos Torresani , Martins Ricardo Augusto , Albuquerque Marcelo , Savio Riccardo , Briamonte Massimiliano Farina 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis study relies on the lessons learned from the recent pandemic crisis to propose a conceptual framework for organizational crisis management and illustrate its application in an organization that effectively protected its competitive position during the crisis.Design/methodology/approachBuilding upon the resource-based view and the dynamic capability theoretical framework, we first conducted a systematic literature review that involves content and bibliographic analysis. Subsequently, we developed a conceptual crisis management framework and applied it to the case of Hyundai Motor Brazil.FindingsThe systematic literature review found innovation and knowledge management as prominent response mechanisms to the pandemic crisis whereas the case provided a better understanding on how these mechanisms contributed to crisis navigation.Practical implicationsManagers will find valuable insights into the importance of linking risk management and crisis management, and leveraging innovation and knowledge to enhance resilience, with straightforward operationalization for benchmark.Originality/valueThis paper is original for relating enterprise risk management, innovation and knowledge management to each phase of existing crisis management processes. It enriches the theoretical and practical debate on the dynamic capabilities’ perspective of risk and crisis management.
Enforcement of smart contracts in cross-jurisdictional transactions
Authors: Atiyah Ghassan Adhab , Ibrahim Ahmed Ismael , Jasim Ahmed Abdulkhudhur 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
This research aims to explore the complexities surrounding smart contracts enforcements in cross-jurisdictional transactions.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the aim of this study, doctrinal legal analysis was adopted. Although the subject is multidisciplinary, the aspect of enforcement in cross-jurisdictional transactions from legislative analysis does not require a technical method to be analysed, hence the adoption of this method. Where relevant legal academic journal articles were sourced and analysed along different legislative frameworks in some jurisdictions under review. To determine the legality of smart contracts, applicable law and court with jurisdiction to enforce blockchain smart contract disputes.

Findings
It was discovered that there remain fundamental questions regarding jurisdiction, applicable law and enforcement. Due to the problem of a uniform legislation to manage smart contract transactions.

Research limitations/implications
This study limits itself to the legality of smart contracts within a conflict of laws, and it propels the need for either a choice of domestic legislation for parties to be bound or the adoption of a universal legal framework for all smart contract formation through an international treaty or convention that has a binding effect on contracting parties to a smart contract.

Originality/value
This study highlights the fact that the key elements of smart contracts within traditional contract requirements as provided in domestic legislation vary across jurisdictions. This variation results not only in conflict of law but also affects enforcement in cases of dispute in the contractual terms.
ICT, heterogeneous labor structure and productivity of producer service enterprises: evidence from China
Authors: Song Jingxiang , Liu Xiaoqian , Cifuentes-Faura Javier , Duan Jihong 
Published: November 2024

PurposeThis paper explores the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) on the productivity rates of producer service enterprises and its mechanisms.Design/methodology/approachThe core dataset used in this paper is the World Bank’s 2012 China Enterprise Survey. The data on enterprises provided by the World Bank has its unique advantages. First, the questionnaire provides a detailed record of enterprises’ ICT investment and usage. Second, it provides a diversified description of the enterprises’ current labor structures in terms of education, skills and employment latitudes. Building on this dataset, this paper adopts quantitative methods, including the fixed effect model and instrumental variable approach for the study.FindingsOur research shows that ICT application boosts the productivity of producer service enterprises. Employees with a high education background, proficient skills and non-lifelong contracts complement the application of ICT. Heterogeneity analysis reveals significant productivity and a complementary effect of ICT on labor structure in regions with well-developed markets, knowledge-intensive industries and enterprises with a relatively larger scale of operation.Originality/valueIn the context of digital globalization, the rational use of ICT to lead the high-quality development of the service industry is of great significance in achieving structural transformation.
Unleashing the potential: the impact of AI on corporate entrepreneurship with top management involvement
Authors: Fang Chuyi , Li Hanyun , Wang Yuting 
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Previous research has mostly focused on how information technology (IT) can help firms create innovation, but the understanding of the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on corporate entrepreneurship remains limited. Based on the resource-based view theory, this paper aims to explore how firms can use AI resources (AI utilisation and AI governance) to promote corporate entrepreneurship, particularly when top management is involved.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper collects questionnaire survey data from Chinese firms and uses hierarchical regression analysis when examining the relationships among the variables involved.

Findings
The empirical results demonstrate that AI utilisation and AI governance positively affect corporate entrepreneurship. Furthermore, top management beliefs positively moderate the impact of AI utilisation and AI governance on corporate entrepreneurship. Top management participation negatively moderates the effects of AI utilisation and AI governance on corporate entrepreneurship, with no significant moderating effect of AI governance on corporate entrepreneurship. The findings suggest that managers better maintain a positive attitude towards AI technology and gain in-depth knowledge and expertise in AI-related concepts and technologies to promote corporate entrepreneurship.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the existing literature regarding the influence of AI on corporate entrepreneurship, as well as how top management beliefs and top management participation moderate these relationships.