bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los pronombres neutros ‘esto’, ‘eso’ y ‘aquello’ como mecanismos encapsuladores en el discurso de la economía
Authors: Parodi Giovanni , Burdiles Gina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEn este estudio, se describe el funcionamiento de los procesos de encapsulación realizados por los pronombres demostrativos neutros ‘esto’, ‘eso’ y ‘aquello’ en el discurso de la economía (8.044 casos). Los objetivos específicos de este estudio son, en primer lugar, identificar la frecuencia de ocurrencia de los tres pronombres en función de encapsulador; en segundo término, determinar la extensión de los referentes encapsulados y su ubicación textual en relación con cada uno de los pronombres en estudio; por último, se determina el contexto semántico en que operan los pronombres examinados. El corpus de análisis estuvo conformado por treinta y ocho manuales de economía provenientes del Corpus PUCV-UCSC-2017 (8,5 millones de palabras). Los principales resultados indican que el pronombre ‘esto’ es el de mayor frecuencia en el corpus y, a su vez, el más empleado con función encapsuladora. Los otros dos pronombres revelan –en comparación– una ocurrencia muy escasa. Se observa, además, que la Cláusula y el Complejo Clausular son los referentes encapsulados con más alta ocurrencia y que, al mismo tiempo, su funcionamiento es mayoritariamente de tipo anafórico. En cuanto al contexto semántico, el tipo de relación más frecuente es la de causalidad. Los hallazgos más sobresalientes son la orientación referencial bidireccional de los pronombres en estudio y la identificación de antecedentes de tipo multisemiótico, es decir, no únicamente verbales (i.e. gráficos, esquemas, fórmulas).
Public reason, non-public reasons, and the accessibility requirement
Authors: Tyndal Jason 
Published: February 2019

AbstractInLiberalism without Perfection,Jonathan Quong develops what is perhaps the most comprehensive defense of the consensus model of public reason – a model which incorporates both a public-reasons-only requirement and an accessibility requirement framed in terms of shared evaluative standards. While the consensus model arguably predominates amongst public reason liberals, it is criticized by convergence theorists who reject both the public-reasons-only requirement and the accessibility requirement. In this paper, I argue that while we have good reason to reject Quong’s call for a public-reasons-only requirement, all public reason liberals should endorse at least some shared evaluative standards and, hence, an accessibility requirement.
A unified viewpoint for upper bounds for the number of points of curves over finite fields via euclidean geometry and semi-definite symmetric Toeplitz matrices
Authors: Hallouin Emmanuel , Perret Marc 
Published: February 2019

We provide an infinite sequence of upper bounds for the number of rational points of absolutely irreducible smooth projective curves

X
X

over a finite field, starting from the Weil classical bound, continuing to the Ihara bound, passing through infinitely many

n
n

-th order Weil bounds, and ending asymptotically at the Drinfeld-Vlăduţ bound. We relate this set of bounds to those of Oesterlé, proving that these are inverse functions in some sense. We explain how the Riemann hypothesis for the curve

X
X

can be merely seen as a euclidean property coming from the Toeplitz shape of some intersection matrix on the surface

X
×
X

X\times X

together with the general theory of symmetric Toeplitz matrices. We also give some interpretation for the defect of asymptotically exact towers.

This is achieved by pushing further the classical Weil proof in terms of euclidean relationships between classes in the euclidean part

F

X

\mathcal {F}_X

of the numerical group

Num
⁡
(
X
×
X
)

\operatorname {Num}(X\times X)

generated by classes of graphs of iterations of the Frobenius morphism. The noteworthy Toeplitz shape of their intersection matrix takes a central place by implying a very strong cyclic structure on

F

X

\mathcal {F}_X

.
Perspective from the United Kingdom on Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)
Authors: Mercer Nigel S G 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare disease known to be associated with textured breast implants. The most up-to-date incidence in the United Kingdom is 1:24,000 and 45 confirmed cases have been reported since the first UK case was reported in 2012 and there has been one confirmed death as a result of BIA-ALCL. How the regulatory framework in the United Kingdom works and shapes the information, which must be given by surgeons to patients contemplating breast augmentation, for any reason, is discussed. In addition, the approach to informing patients with breast implants in situ is discussed. It is surgeons’ duty to inform all prospective patients that there is a risk of BIA-ALCL. Not to do so in the United Kingdom would be likely to leave surgeons open to legal action by patients who develop the disease.
The Protective Effect of Breast Implants in Penetrating Trauma
Authors: Pannucci Christopher J , Kurnik Nicole M , Brzezienski Mark , Higdon K Kye , Rebecca Alanna M 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Breast implants are typically placed for cosmetic or reconstructive purposes, and are recognized to have a substantial impact on aesthetics and quality of life. In addition, the presence of a breast implant on the chest wall has a potential benefit of force diffusion or force absorption in traumatic injury. This article reports a series of three patients with preexisting breast implants who suffered penetrating chest trauma. In each case, the presence of a breast implant was potentially lifesaving. We describe the cases in detail, provide a conceptual discussion, and discuss directions for future research.

Level of Evidence: 5
Stepwise En Bloc Resection of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma with Oncologic Considerations
Authors: Tevis Sarah E , Hunt Kelly K , Clemens Mark W 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Guidelines published by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network state that standard of care treatment for the majority of patients with breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is surgical resection. This cancer is generally indolent, and if confined to the capsule, curative treatment is usually surgery alone. An en bloc resection involves a total capsulectomy, explantation, complete excision of associated masses, and excision of any involved lymph node(s). Patients with surgical control of disease have favorable long-term overall and event-free survival. Oncologic principles should be applied when resecting BIA-ALCL, and a complete oncologic resection is essential to cure patients of the disease. Incomplete resections, partial capsulectomies, and positive margins are all associated with high rates of disease recurrence and have potential for progression of the disease. Routine sentinel lymph node biopsy is unnecessary and full axillary lymph node dissection is rarely indicated except in cases of proven involvement of multiple nodes. Lymphoma oncology consultation and disease staging by imaging is performed prior to surgery. Importantly, en bloc resection is indicated only for an established diagnosis of BIA-ALCL, and is not recommended for merely suspicious or prophylactic surgeries. The purpose of this article was to demonstrate a stepwise approach to surgical ablation of BIA-ALCL with an emphasis on oncologic considerations critical to disease prognosis.
Prepectoral Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: Early Outcomes and Analysis of Postoperative Pain
Authors: Fredman Rafi , Wu Cindy , Rapolti Mihaela , Luckett Daniel , Fine Jason , McGuire Kandace , Gallagher Kristalyn , Roughton Michelle 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction provides high-quality aesthetic results in appropriate candidates. Most commonly, implants are placed in the subpectoral space which can lead to pain and breast animation. Surgical and technological advances have allowed for successful prepectoral implant placement which may eliminate these trade-offs.

Objectives
Here we present early outcomes from 153 reconstructions in 94 patients who underwent prepectoral DTI. We sought to determine whether these patients have less postoperative pain and narcotic use than subpectoral implant or expander placement.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed for all prepectoral DTI reconstructions at our institution from 2015 to 2016. Data were collected on postoperative pain and narcotic use while in hospital.

Results
The average follow-up time was 8.5 months (range, 3–17 months) and the overall complication rate was 27% (n = 41) with the most common complications being skin necrosis (9%, n = 13) and infection (7%, n = 11). No statistically significant difference in complications was found in patients who underwent postmastectomy radiation therapy. Patients who underwent prepectoral DTI reconstruction did not have a statistically significant difference in postoperative pain and narcotic use while in-hospital compared with other techniques.

Conclusion
Prepectoral DTI reconstruction provides good results with similar complication rates to subpectoral techniques. Prepectoral DTI eliminates the problem of breast animation. Although our series did not reach statistical significance in pain scores or requirement for postoperative narcotics, we believe that it is an important preliminary result and with larger numbers we anticipate a more definitive conclusion.

Level of Evidence: 4
Validation strategies for target prediction methods
Authors: Mathai Neann , Chen Ya , Kirchmair Johannes 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Computational methods for target prediction, based on molecular similarity and network-based approaches, machine learning, docking and others, have evolved as valuable and powerful tools to aid the challenging task of mode of action identification for bioactive small molecules such as drugs and drug-like compounds. Critical to discerning the scope and limitations of a target prediction method is understanding how its performance was evaluated and reported. Ideally, large-scale prospective experiments are conducted to validate the performance of a model; however, this expensive and time-consuming endeavor is often not feasible. Therefore, to estimate the predictive power of a method, statistical validation based on retrospective knowledge is commonly used. There are multiple statistical validation techniques that vary in rigor. In this review we discuss the validation strategies employed, highlighting the usefulness and constraints of the validation schemes and metrics that are employed to measure and describe performance. We address the limitations of measuring only generalized performance, given that the underlying bioactivity and structural data are biased towards certain small-molecule scaffolds and target families, and suggest additional aspects of performance to consider in order to produce more detailed and realistic estimates of predictive power. Finally, we describe the validation strategies that were employed by some of the most thoroughly validated and accessible target prediction methods.
Activating community workers in governing conduct: tensions in the practices to empower others
Authors: Nunn Angela 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This paper presents findings from a historical study of community renewal, as it was articulated and operationalized in NSW, Australia in the period 1999–2006 to improve conditions on public housing estates. The key argument is that community practitioners need to pay closer attention to the power relations involved in actual interventions that claim to empower others. Further, it is argued that such an analysis is a crucial aspect of developing critical, reflexive and innovative forms of practice which have the potential to reconfigure power relations and open possibilities for new understandings of community. Case examples of the implementation of community renewal are included to show the tensions involved when practitioners engage in empowerment practices that are coercive in that they include the exercise of regulatory and disciplinary power. It is incumbent upon community work practitioners and those who educate aspiring practitioners to understand that policies and programmes utilizing community as a solution to social problems are not benign, nor are they necessarily solely politically expedient, although the dangers lay in conceiving and enacting them as such.
Simultaneous Fault Models for the Generation and Location of Efficient Error Detection Mechanisms
Authors: Leeke Matthew 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The application of machine learning to software fault injection data has been shown to be an effective approach for the generation of efficient error detection mechanisms (EDMs). However, such approaches to the design of EDMs have invariably adopted a fault model with a single-fault assumption, limiting the relevance of the detectors and their evaluation. Software containing more than a single fault is commonplace, with safety standards recognizing that critical failures are often the result of unlikely or unforeseen combinations of faults. This paper addresses this shortcoming, demonstrating that it is possible to generate efficient EDMs under simultaneous fault models. In particular, it is shown that (i) efficient EDMs can be designed using fault injection data collected under models accounting for the occurrence of simultaneous faults, (ii) exhaustive fault injection under a simultaneous bit flip model can yield improved EDM efficiency, (iii) exhaustive fault injection under a simultaneous bit flip model can be made non-exhaustive and (iv) EDMs can be relocated within a software system using program slicing, reducing the resource costs of experimentation to practicable levels without sacrificing EDM efficiency.
A Retrospective Analysis of Selected Opioids in Hair of Workplace Drug Testing Subjects
Authors: Stowe G Neil , Paulsen Ryan B , Hill Virginia A , Schaffer Michael I 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOpioids, both naturally occurring and semisynthetic, are effective pain management medications, but also possess the potential for abuse. Analyses of over 37,000 head and body hair samples containing codeine, morphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone or oxymorphone provide a view of use habits of workplace-testing subjects that cannot be obtained from fluid matrices results. Testing was performed using FDA cleared immunoassays using either 2 ng morphine or oxycodone per 10 mg hair as calibrators. Non-negative screening samples were washed with an extended aqueous wash procedure followed by LC–MS-MS confirmation at a cutoff concentration of 2 ng opioid per 10 mg hair. The LC–MS-MS method measured codeine, morphine, 6-acetylmorphine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone and oxymorphone with an administratively established LOQ of 0.50 ng opioid per 10 mg hair. The linear range was 0.50–100 ng morphine per 10 mg hair, and 0.50–150 ng opioid per 10 mg hair for all other measured analytes. For all analytes, within run precision was ≤5.4%, and between-run precision was ≤6.4%. Analysis of samples containing metabolites found that, among codeine positive samples, 97% contained less than 10% morphine metabolite and 88% less than 20% hydrocodone metabolite, among hydrocodone positive samples, 97% contained less than 10% hydromorphone metabolite and 95% of oxycodone positive samples contained less than 10% oxymorphone metabolite. Our analysis of opioid-positive samples may provide guidelines for interpretation of hair opioid levels typically observed in workplace testing.
False-Positive Serum Cocaine Screening Results in Patients Undergoing Evaluation for Renal Transplant
Authors: Snozek Christine L H , Corey Rebecca L , Buras Matthew R , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDrug screening during pre-transplant evaluations can have major implications for patient care, particularly because drug abuse has been associated with poor transplant outcomes. Although urine drug screening is usually preferred, serum testing is available for situations such as anuria due to end stage renal disease. However, there are few studies evaluating serum drug screening in specific populations such as patients undergoing kidney transplant evaluation. All serum drug screens ordered between January 2015 and November 2017 on patients being evaluated for renal transplant were compared against a large population of serum drug screens ordered from other institutions. Cocaine screening and confirmation results were evaluated to determine false positives. Cocaine screens were positive in 23 of 537 (4.3%) pre-transplant samples, and 211 of 5,115 (4.1%) comparison samples. Confirmation testing demonstrated that 14 (60.9%) pre-transplant samples were false positives, which was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than the rate of false positives in the comparison group (47/211, 22.3%). No common medication or other cross-reacting substance could be identified in the pre-transplant cohort to explain the false-positive results. Although serum cocaine screening had a low overall false-positive rate, the proportion of false positives was significantly higher in pre-transplant patients. Given the poor transplant outcomes associated with drug abuse, failure to properly interpret screening results as being false positives could negatively affect patient care. All members of the transplant team should recognize the importance of confirmation testing in this setting, to avoid unintended consequences due to false-positive screening results.
Effects of Cantharidin and Norcantharidin on Larval Feeding and Adult Oviposition Preferences of the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)
Authors: Li Yi-fan , Sun Hong , Xi Na , Zhang Yalin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a destructive insect pest of cruciferous plants that has developed resistance to almost every listed commercial insecticide. Cantharidin as an animal-derived biopesticide is a natural defensive compound produced by Meloidae insects with toxicity to many insects including P. xylostella. Norcantharidin is an important substitute of cantharidin and has similar insecticidal activities to cantharidin. Although the toxicity of cantharidin and norcantharidin to P. xylostella has been reported, little research has focused on the effects of cantharidin or norcantharidin on the behavior of P. xylostella. In this study, we investigated the feeding behavior of third-instar larvae and the oviposition preference of adult P. xylostella in order to explore the effects of different concentrations of cantharidin and norcantharidin. Results show that cantharidin and norcantharidin have antifeedant effect on P. xylostella larvae. The values for AFC50 were 13.0228 and 149.4210 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the oviposition deterrence rate of cantharidin on P. xylostella ranged from 49.37 to 58.24% and that of norcantharidin was from 20.88 to 33.33%. These results suggest cantharidin and norcantharidin may have repellent and antifeedant effect on P. xylostella, which could contribute toward using biopesticides to manage P. xylostella and may provide a new strategy for integrated pest management.
Integrated Management of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and its Whitefly Vector in Tomato
Authors: Riley David G , Srinivasan Rajagopalbabu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhitefly-transmitted Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (Family Geminiviridae; Genus Begomovirus) severely restricts tomato production in the Southeastern United States. Whitefly and tomato yellow leaf curl virus management studies typically investigate control tactics individually, but successful management of this pest complex more often relies on a combination of tactics. This study examined the individual and combined effects of tomato yellow leaf curl virus-resistant cultivars, insecticides, and metallic reflective mulch on whiteflies, tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease incidence, and marketable tomato yields using split-split plot trials over 3 yr. Reflective mulch significantly reduced whitefly adults and nymphs and tomato yellow leaf curl virus symptom severity in all 3 yr of the study. Reflective mulch treatments also provided greater marketable tomato yield in 2 out of 3 yr. Imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole treatments reduced whitefly adults and nymphs’ establishment and marginally increased yields, but there was no significant insecticide effect on tomato yellow leaf curl virus incidence/symptom severity compared with the non-treated check. Virus-resistant tomato cultivars did not influence whitefly populations, but provided consistent reduction in virus disease incidence. Interactions between host plant resistance and insecticide treatments ranged from strongly additive in the standard white plastic mulch treatment to only marginally additive in the reflective mulch treatments in terms of enhancing tomato yields. tomato yellow leaf curl virus-resistant tomato cultivars and reflective mulch provided the bulk of the protection against tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease incidence. However, it was the combination of all the best tactics (reflective mulch, cyantraniliprole, ‘Security’ hyb. tomato yellow leaf curl virus-resistant) that provided the maximum increase in marketable tomato yield (2.8-fold) over the least effective combination (white mulch, no whitefly insecticide, ‘FL47’ hyb. tomato yellow leaf curl virus-susceptible).
Effect of Pesticides on Biological Control Potential of Neoscona theisi (Araneae: Araneidae)
Authors: Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Basheer Tayyba , Ali Shaukat , Yaqoob Rabia , Naseem Sajida , Khan Shafaat Yar 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The present study was designed to record the effect of λ-cyhalothrin, Bifenthrin, and Glyphosate on the mortality, avoidance behavior, foraging activity, and activity of Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and Carboxylesterase (CarE) in Neoscona theisi (Walckenaer, 1841). Highest mortality (70%) in N. theisi was recorded against λ-cyhalothrin. However, Glyphosate was found to be least toxic. Spider spent less time on insecticides/herbicide-treated surfaces. Insecticides/herbicide-treated N. theisi consumed less prey than untreated control spiders. Similarly, when N. theisi were offered insecticide/herbicide-treated prey, they consumed significantly less. Increased AChE and CarE activities were recorded in insecticides/herbicide-treated spiders as compared to control group. Total protein contents were less in insecticides/herbicide-treated spiders than control group. The results revealed that λ-cyhalothrin is more harmful to spiders as compared to Bifenthrin and Glyphosate. It is suggested that the effect of all pesticides used in agro-ecosystem on beneficial insects should be evaluated before using them in the fields.