bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waist Circumference, Blood Pressure and Lifestyle of Sudanese Population, Khartoum Locality, Sudan 2016
Authors: Abdalla Asma Abdelaal , Balla Siham Ahmed , Babiker Amna Abdalla , Medani Safaa Abdelhameed , Khalfa Rania Abdalla Osman , Ali Ibtisam Ahmed 
Published: June 2019

Aims: To measure the waist circumference of Sudanese adults in Khartoum Locality and its relationship to blood pressure and lifestyle during celebration of international day of hypertension in May 2016 .
Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place of the Celebration: Khartoum Locality at Alsahaa Alkhadraa (The Green Park).
Methodology: A total of 364 adult participants, 196 men and 168 women were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Blood pressure (BP) was measured considering hypertension as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for systole and diastole BP respectively. Waist circumference was measured using an anthropometric measuring tape at cut-off point of 94 cm and 80 cm for men and women respectively. Data was managed by SPSS version 20 and Chi-square test at 95% CL was used to test the association between waist circumference, blood pressure and life style characteristics.
Results: Age distribution of the study population showed 48.2% females and 45.4% males in the middle age group (38-57 years). Two thirds of the study population were hypertensive, 62.8% of males and 64.3% of females. The mean waist circumference of men was 97.82 cm + 16.7, mean Systolic BP was 127 + 22 and mean Diastolic BP was 85 + 15. The mean waist circumference of women was 99.31 + 16.2, mean Systolic was 128 + 24 and mean Diastolic BP was 84 +17.
Abnormal waist circumference was found in 61.2% of males and 86.9% of females. Fifty nine (30.1%) of the males and 86 (51.2%) of the females with abnormal waist circumference were hypertensive. The association between abnormal waist circumference and high blood pressure was significant among both sexes, P value = 0.001.
Physical exercise and fat and salt foods were not significantly associated waist circumference in both men and women.
Conclusion: Two thirds of women and men in the celebrating areas were hypertensive. Half of women and one third of men were significantly hypertensive and having abnormal waist circumference. Doing physical exercise, avoiding fat and salt foods was insignificantly associated with normal waist circumference. Large survey with representative sample is needed to estimate the real Sudanese waist circumference.
H/F‐Substitution‐Induced Homochirality for Designing High‐Tc Molecular Perovskite Ferroelectrics
Authors: Tang Yuan‐Yuan , Ai Yong , Liao Wei‐Qiang , Li Peng‐Fei , Wang Zhong‐Xia , Xiong Ren‐Gen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA ferroelectric with a high phase‐transition temperature (Tc) is an indispensable condition for practical applications. Over the past decades, both strain engineering and the isotope effect have been found to effectively improve the Tc within ferroelectric material systems. However, the former strategy seems to prefer working in inorganic ferroelectric thin films, while the latter is also limited to some certain systems, such as hydrogen‐bonded ferroelectrics. It is noted that a mono‐fluorinated molecule is geometrically very similar to its parent molecule and the substitution of H by an F atom can introduce a chiral center on the molecule to template or stabilize polar structures. Significantly, the barrier of rotation of the fluorinated organic molecules is raised, resulting in a remarkable increase in Tc. Herein, by applying the molecular design strategy of H/F substitution to the organic–inorganic perovskite ferroelectric (pyrrolidinium)CdCl3 with a low Tc of 240 K, two high‐Tc chiral perovskite ferroelectrics, (R)‐ and (S)‐3‐F‐(pyrrolidinium)CdCl3 are successfully synthesized, for which the Tc reaches 303 K. The significant enhancement of 63 K in Tc extends the ferroelectric working temperature range to room temperature. This finding provides a new effective way to regulate the Tc in ferroelectrics and to design high‐Tc molecular ferroelectrics.
Responsive Liquid‐Crystal‐Clad Fibers for Advanced Textiles and Wearable Sensors
Authors: Guan Yu , Agra‐Kooijman Dena Mae , Fu Shaohai , Jákli Antal , West John L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA simple process to clad conventional monofilament fibers with low‐molecular‐weight liquid crystals (LCs) stabilized by an outer polymer sheath is demonstrated. The fibers retain the responsive properties of the LCs but in a highly flexible/drapable format. The monofilament core makes these fibers much more rugged with a magnified response to external stimuli when compared to previously reported LC‐core fibers produced by electrospinning or airbrushing. The microscopic structure and the optical properties of round and flattened fibers are reported. The sensitivity of the response of individual fibers can be tuned over a broad range by varying the composition of the LCs. Complex fabrics can be easily woven from fibers that respond to different external stimuli, such as temperature variation, chemical concentrations, and pressure. The fabrics can be fashioned into garments that can sense and report the state of health of the wearer or the status of their environment.
Origin of Photocurrent and Voltage Losses in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Han Guangchao , Yi Yuanping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have recently achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 16%. However, there still exist large losses in photocurrent and/or voltage in state‐of‐the‐art OSCs, making the PCEs still far below those of inorganic counterparts. Here, the factors and electronic processes for photocurrent and voltage losses are identified and discussed in the framework of device physics and photophysics. To simultaneously obtain both high photocurrent density and low voltage loss toward 20% PCEs, it is crucial to suppress the non‐radiative (NR) recombination of the lowest charge‐transfer (CT) state at the donor–acceptor interface. In principle, theoretical simulations can provide molecular insight into the origin of these losses, which is essential to guide material design. In particular, the authors highlight the importance of the local interface morphologies and the vibronic couplings on suppressing the NR decay of the lowest CT state according to recent theoretical studies.
Neuromorphic Functions of Light in Parity‐Time‐Symmetric Systems
Authors: Yu Sunkyu , Piao Xianji , Park Namkyoo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs an elementary processor of neural networks, a neuron performs exotic dynamic functions, such as bifurcation, repetitive firing, and oscillation quenching. To achieve ultrafast neuromorphic signal processing, the realization of photonic equivalents to neuronal dynamic functions has attracted considerable attention. However, despite the nonconservative nature of neurons due to energy exchange between intra‐ and extra‐cellular regions through ion channels, the critical role of non‐Hermitian physics in the photonic analogy of a neuron has been neglected. Here, a neuromorphic non‐Hermitian photonic system ruled by parity‐time symmetry is presented. For a photonic platform that induces the competition between saturable gain and loss channels, dynamical phases are classified with respect to parity‐time symmetry and stability. In each phase, unique oscillation quenching functions and nonreciprocal oscillations of light fields are revealed as photonic equivalents of neuronal dynamic functions. The proposed photonic system for neuronal functionalities will become a fundamental building block for light‐based neural signal processing.
Synthesis of Lanthanum Tungsten Oxynitride Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Talley Kevin R. , Mangum John , Perkins Craig L. , Woods‐Robinson Rachel , Mehta Apurva , Gorman Brian P. , Brennecka Geoff L. , Zakutayev Andriy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTernary metal‐oxide material systems commonly crystallize in the perovskite crystal structure, which is utilized in numerous electronic applications. In contrast to oxides, there are no known nitride perovskites, likely due to the competition with oxidation, which makes the formation of pure nitride materials difficult and synthesis of oxynitride materials more common. While deposition of oxynitride perovskite thin films is important for many electronic applications, it is difficult to control oxygen and nitrogen stoichiometry. Lanthanum tungsten oxynitride (LaWN3−δOδ) thin films with varying La:W ratio are synthesized by combinatorial sputtering and characterized for their chemical composition, crystal structure, and microstructure. A three‐step synthesis method, which involves co‐sputtering, capping layer deposition, and rapid thermal annealing, is established for producing crystalline thin films while minimizing the oxygen content. Elemental depth profiling results show that the cation‐stoichiometric films contain approximately one oxygen for every five nitrogen (δ = 0.5). Synchrotron‐based diffraction indicates a tetragonal perovskite crystal structure. These results are discussed in terms of the perovskite tolerance factors, octahedral tilting, and bond valence. Overall, this synthesis and characterization is expected to pave the way toward future thin film property measurements of lanthanum tungsten oxynitrides and eventual synthesis of oxygen‐free nitride perovskites.
Sleep‐disordered breathing and poststroke outcomes
Authors: Lisabeth Lynda D. , Sánchez Brisa N. , Lim David , Chervin Ronald D. , Case Erin , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Tower Susan , Brown Devin L. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the association between sleep‐disordered breathing and stroke outcomes, and determine the contribution of sleep‐disordered breathing to outcome disparities in Mexican Americans.MethodsIschemic stroke patients (n = 995), identified from the population‐based Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project (2010–2015), were offered participation in a sleep‐disordered breathing study including a home sleep apnea test (ApneaLink Plus). Sleep‐disordered breathing (respiratory event index ≥10) was determined soon after stroke. Neurologic, functional, cognitive, and quality of life outcomes were assessed at 90 days poststroke. Regression models were used to assess associations between sleep‐disordered breathing and outcomes, adjusted for sociodemographics, prestroke function and cognition, health‐risk behaviors, stroke severity, and vascular risk factors.ResultsMedian age was 67 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 59–78); 62.1% were Mexican American. Median respiratory event index was 14 (IQR = 6–25); 62.8% had sleep‐disordered breathing. Sleep‐disordered breathing was associated with worse functional outcome (mean difference in activities of daily living/instrumental activities of daily living score = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01–0.28) and cognitive outcome (mean difference in modified Mini‐Mental State Examination = −2.66, 95% CI = −4.85 to −0.47) but not neurologic or quality of life outcomes. Sleep‐disordered breathing accounted for 9 to 10% of ethnic differences in functional and cognitive outcome and was associated with cognitive outcome more strongly for Mexican Americans (β = −3.97, 95% CI = −6.63 to −1.31) than non‐Hispanic whites (β = −0.40, 95% CI = −4.18 to 3.39,p‐interaction = 0.15).InterpretationSleep‐disordered breathing is associated with worse functional and cognitive function at 90 days poststroke. These outcomes are reasonable endpoints for future trials of sleep‐disordered breathing treatment in stroke. If effective, sleep‐disordered breathing treatment may somewhat lessen ethnic stroke outcome disparities. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:241–250
COX6A2 variants cause a muscle‐specific cytochrome c oxidase deficiency
Authors: Inoue Michio , Uchino Shumpei , Iida Aritoshi , Noguchi Satoru , Hayashi Shinichiro , Takahashi Tsutomu , Fujii Katsunori , Komaki Hirofumi , Takeshita Eri , Nonaka Ikuya , Okada Yukinori , Yoshizawa Takuya , Van Lommel Leentje , Schuit Frans , Goto Yu‐ichi , Mimaki Masakazu , Nishino Ichizo 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveCytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency is a major mitochondrial respiratory chain defect that has vast genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. This study aims to identify novel causative genes of COX deficiency with only striated muscle–specific symptoms.MethodsWhole exome sequencing was performed in 2 unrelated individuals who were diagnosed with congenital myopathy and presented COX deficiency in muscle pathology. We assessed the COX6A2 variants using measurements of enzymatic activities and assembly of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes in the samples from the patients and knockout mice.ResultsBoth patients presented muscle weakness and hypotonia in 4 limbs along with facial muscle weakness. One patient had cardiomyopathy. Neither patient exhibited involvement from other organs. Whole exome sequencing identified biallelic missense variants in COX6A2, which is expressed only in the skeletal muscle and heart. The variants detected were homozygous c.117C > A (p.Ser39Arg) and compound heterozygous c.117C > A (p.Ser39Arg) and c.127T > C (p.Cys43Arg). We found specific reductions in complex IV activities in the skeletal muscle of both individuals. Assembly of complex IV and its supercomplex formation were impaired in the muscle.InterpretationThis study indicates that biallelic variants in COX6A2 cause a striated muscle–specific form of COX deficiency. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:193–202
Early electroencephalography for outcome prediction of postanoxic coma: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ruijter Barry J. , Tjepkema‐Cloostermans Marleen C. , Tromp Selma C. , van den Bergh Walter M. , Foudraine Norbert A. , Kornips Francois H. M. , Drost Gea , Scholten Erik , Bosch Frank H. , Beishuizen Albertus , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Hofmeijer Jeannette 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo provide evidence that early electroencephalography (EEG) allows for reliable prediction of poor or good outcome after cardiac arrest.MethodsIn a 5‐center prospective cohort study, we included consecutive, comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Continuous EEG recordings were started as soon as possible and continued up to 5 days. Five‐minute EEG epochs were assessed by 2 reviewers, independently, at 8 predefined time points from 6 hours to 5 days after cardiac arrest, blinded for patients’ actual condition, treatment, and outcome. EEG patterns were categorized as generalized suppression (<10 μV), synchronous patterns with ≥50% suppression, continuous, or other. Outcome at 6 months was categorized as good (Cerebral Performance Category [CPC] = 1–2) or poor (CPC = 3–5).ResultsWe included 850 patients, of whom 46% had a good outcome. Generalized suppression and synchronous patterns with ≥50% suppression predicted poor outcome without false positives at ≥6 hours after cardiac arrest. Their summed sensitivity was 0.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42–0.51) at 12 hours and 0.30 (95% CI = 0.26–0.33) at 24 hours after cardiac arrest, with specificity of 1.00 (95% CI = 0.99–1.00) at both time points. At 36 hours or later, sensitivity for poor outcome was ≤0.22. Continuous EEG patterns at 12 hours predicted good outcome, with sensitivity of 0.50 (95% CI = 0.46–0.55) and specificity of 0.91 (95% CI = 0.88–0.93); at 24 hours or later, specificity for the prediction of good outcome was <0.90.InterpretationEEG allows for reliable prediction of poor outcome after cardiac arrest, with maximum sensitivity in the first 24 hours. Continuous EEG patterns at 12 hours after cardiac arrest are associated with good recovery. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:203–214
Poly(difluorophosphazene) as the First Deep‐Ultraviolet Nonlinear Optical Polymer: A First‐Principles Prediction
Authors: Kang Lei , Zhang Xinyuan , Liang Fei , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Bing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA novel concept to obtain the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials is proposed based on the assembling of one‐dimensional (1D) polar motifs into quasi‐1D polymer patterns. Based on the first‐principles calculations, we have successfully discovered an excellent DUV NLO polymer, i.e., poly(difluorophosphazene), with the chemical formula of (PNF2)n. Calculations reveal that PNF2 has a larger band gap, a stronger second harmonic generation effect, a larger birefringence, and a shorter phase‐matching cutoff than KBe2BO3F2. These findings not only demonstrate that the PNF2 is the first reported DUV NLO polymer, but also could open a new direction to discover novel DUV NLO materials in polymer systems.
Prevention of poly(vinyl chloride) degradation through organic terephthalamides generated from poly(ethylene terephthalate) waste
Authors: Verma Anjali , Soni Rakesh Kumar , Teotia Meenu 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of organic compounds as thermal stabilizers for poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) stabilization is the current state of art worldwide owing to their high efficiency and nontoxic residues after degradation. Terephthalamide, N,N′‐dimethylterephthalamide and N,N′‐dibutylterephthalamide have been prepared via depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) through an economical and environmentally friendly approach. These compounds have been examined as thermal stabilizers for PVC formulations and found to exhibit high thermal stabilizing effects. Thermal stability measurements were performed using conventional Congo red test method. Color change experiments were conducted by heating the samples at 200 °C in air, and the colored compounds formed were extracted and compared with the help of UV–visible spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies of organic terephthalamides incorporated PVC samples have been performed in order to insight the probable mechanistic aspects involved in thermal stabilization process. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) thermograms of PVC sheets loaded with 10 wt % organic terephthalamides have been recorded and were found stable below 200 °C. SEM and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis of char residues of TGA samples were performed supporting the proposed thermal stabilizing action of the organic terephthalamides. Furthermore, specific gravity and mechanical performance of the PVC sheets have also been reported assisting in finding suitable commercial applications of PVC formulations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48022.
Prevalence of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome: A survey of essential tremor patients with cerebellar signs or extrapyramidal signs
Authors: Park Ji‐Hyung , Jang Wooyoung , Youn Jinyoung , Ki Chang‐Seok , Kim Byoung Joon , Kim Hee‐Tae , Louis Elan D. , Cho Jin Whan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesIn screening studies of Western patients with cerebellar dysfunction, FMR1 premutations have been detected. A screening study of East Asian patients with presumed essential tremor (ET) did not detect these mutations, possibly because the ET patients did not closely mimic the phenotype of fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of FMR1 premutations in a carefully recruited group of ET patients with additional phenotypic features of FXTAS.Materials and MethodsFrom April 2014 to April 2018, we prospectively recruited patients with ET diagnoses from three tertiary care centers. Demographic and clinical data were collected, as well as data on presence of cerebellar signs and extrapyramidal signs (EPS). Tremor, cerebellar signs, and EPS were evaluated using appropriate clinical rating scales. For ET patients with additional cerebellar signs or EPS, FMR1 mutation analysis and brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed.ResultsSix hundred and three ET patients were recruited. Cerebellar signs or EPS were present in 168 (27.9%) of 603. FMR1 CGG repeat analysis was performed in 74 of 168 patients. Fifty‐two of 74 had cerebellar signs only, three had EPS only, and 19 had both neurologic abnormalities. Two patients had a FMR1 premutation and fulfiled both clinical and radiological criteria of FXTAS.ConclusionsTwo (2.7%) of 74 patients with presumed ET and additional neurological features were discovered to have FXTAS. The possibility of FXTAS should be considered in patients with ET who exhibit mild cerebellar signs or EPS.
Direct Radiation Effects on the Structure and Stability of Collagen and Other Proteins
Authors: Lalande Mathieu , Schwob Lucas , Vizcaino Violaine , Chirot Fabien , Dugourd Philippe , Schlathölter Thomas , Poully Jean‐Christophe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this review, recent progress in understanding the direct effects of radiation on the structure and stability of collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body, and other proteins is surveyed. Special emphasis is placed on the triple‐helical structure of collagen, as studied by means of collagen mimetic peptides. The emerging patterns are the dose dependence of radiation processes and their abundance, the crucial role of radicals in covalent‐bond formation (crosslinking) or cleavage, and the influence of the radiation energy and nature. Future research should allow fundamental questions, such as charge transfer and fragmentation dynamics triggered by ionization, to be answered, as well as developing applications such as protein‐based biomaterials, notably with properties controlled by irradiation.
Zuverlässige Netzwerke für Industrie 4.0
Authors: Crocoll Nora 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVon der Planung bis zur Auslieferung einer Maschine ist es ein langer Weg. Trotz aller Qualitätssicherung und umfangreicher Tests im eigenen Haus beginnt für den Konstrukteur mit der Inbetriebnahme der Maschine – oft viele hunderte Kilometer entfernt – eine spannende Zeit. Immer öfter kommt es nämlich vor, dass eine Maschine, die im eigenen Haus hervorragend funktionierte, beim Einsatz vor Ort diffuse, nicht reproduzierbare Ereignisse verursacht, die der Konstrukteur nun aus der Ferne beheben soll. Ohne klare Problembeschreibung ist es ihm aber unmöglich, die Ursachen aufzudecken.
Prozesse in Bewegung halten
Authors: Heidl Markus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBewegung und Leistung von pneumatischen und hydraulischen Linearantrieben hängen in erster Linie von Druckkontrolle und ‐regelung ab. Anders bei elektrischen Linearaktuatoren: Hier kommt es ausschließlich auf die geeignete Kraftmessung an, in dem Fall auf
Mischen und Pumpen
Authors: Jessberger Kurt 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDie Mischpumpe aus Edelstahl 1.4571 (V4A) ohne Gleitringdichtung wird überall dort eingesetzt, wo in einem Arbeitsgang gemischt und gepumpt werden soll: bei sauberen, dünnflüssigen und leichtviskosen, aggressiven und nichtaggressiven, brennbaren und nichtbrennbaren Flüssigkeiten in Fässern (1.000 mm Tauchrohrlänge) und Behältern/Containern (1.200 mm Tauchrohrlänge).
Flanschbund‐Verbindung
Authors: Schlemenat Alfred 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDurch Nutzung der Flanschbund‐Verbindung System „Schlemenat“ sowohl an Neuanlagen als auch durch Umbauten an vorhandenen Kolonnentürmen ergeben sich für den gesamten Industriebereich des Kolonnenbaus wirtschaftliche Vorteile gegenüber den gegenwärtigen B
Mehrwertmessung
Authors: Faustmann Hendrik 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDie Prozess‐ und Automatisierungstechnik in Pharma‐, Bio‐ und Lebensmitteltechnik benötigt für viele Arbeitsschritte exakte Messwerte des aktuellen Volumenstroms. Auch andere Branchen in denen dosiert und filtriert wird, sind auf solche Daten angewiesen. FLOWave‐Sensoren von Bürkert Fluid Control Systems, die mit der innovativen SAW‐Technologie arbeiten haben sich dafür in vielen Hygiene‐Anwendungen bewährt.