bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Some Biological Applications of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Boletus edulis Fruiting Bodies
Authors: Younis Ahmed M. , Abdel-Aziz Marwa M. , Yosri Mohamed 
Published: September 2019

Background::
Mushrooms are deemed as a special delicacy in many countries. They are
considered an important cuisine due to their bioactive ingredients and possible health benefits.

Methods:
Herein, we measured selected biological properties of methanol extracts of Pleurotus
citrinopileatus and Boletus edulis fruiting bodies including; in vitro antimicrobial activity, anti-α-
glucosidase activity, antioxidant activity, anti-lipase activity and cytotoxic activity against different
cancer cells and normal cells.

Results:
B. edulis methanol extracts showed high antimicrobial and anti-α-glucosidase activity. In contrast,
P. citrinopileatus methanol extracts showed superior antioxidant activity indicated by (1,1-
diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) DPPH radical scavenging with half maximal inhibitory concentration of
IC50 37.4 µg/ml, anti-lipase activities with IC50 65.2 µg/ml and high cytotoxicity activity against
HepG2 and HeLa cell lines with IC50 22.8 and 36.7 µg/ml, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis of the
cell cycle was used to show apoptotic effects of methanol extracts against HepG2 and HeLa cells.

Conclusion:
P. citrinopileatus and B. edulis methanolic extracts appear to contain biologically active
compounds that might be used to treat some common human diseases.
Black Hole Sign on Noncontrast Computed Tomography in Predicting Hematoma Expansion in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yilin , Tian Lu , Wang Longlun , Qin Yong , Cai Jinhua 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Black hole sign represents a novel imaging marker for predicting hematoma
expansion (HE) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Several previous studies
have reported the accuracy of black hole sign in predicting HE, but the accuracy was variable. We
performed a meta-analysis to systematically assess the accuracy of black hole sign in predicting
HE in patients with ICH.

Methods:
A systematic search was performed to identify relevant English and Chinese articles
(from inception to January 2019). All studies on the accuracy of black hole sign in predicting HE
in patients with ICH were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood
ratios were calculated. Pooling was conducted using the bivariate generalized linear mixed
model. Forest plots and a summary receiver operator characteristic plot were generated. We used
I² to test heterogeneity and investigated the source of heterogeneity by meta-regression. Publication
bias was assessed by Deeks’ funnel plot asymmetry test.

Results:
A total of 6 studies with 1876 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled
sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of black hole sign for predicting
HE were 0.30, 0.93, 4.00 and 0.75, respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.83. The
studies had substantial heterogeneity (I²=89.00%, 95% CI 78.00-100.00). Low risk of publication
bias was detected.

Conclusion:
Black hole sign is a useful imaging marker with high specificity in predicting hematoma
expansion in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
LncRNA, Important Player in Bone Development and Disease
Authors: Li Dijie , Yang Chaofei , Yin Chong , Zhao Fan , Chen Zhihao , Tian Ye , Dang Kai , Jiang Shanfeng , Zhang Wenjuan , Zhang Ge , Qian Airong 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Bone is an important tissue and its normal function requires tight coordination
of transcriptional networks and signaling pathways, and many of these networks/ pathways are dysregulated
in pathological conditions affecting cartilage and bones. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)
refers to a class of RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, lack of protein-coding potential,
and exhibiting a wide range of biological functions. Although studies on lcnRNAs are still in their
infancy, they have emerged as critical players in bone biology and bone diseases. The functions and
exact mechanism of bone-related lncRNAs have not been fully classified yet.

Objective:
The objective of this article is to summarize the current literature on lncRNAs on the basis
of their role in bone biology and diseases, focusing on their emerging molecular mechanism, pathological
implications and therapeutic potential.

Discussion:
A number of lncRNAs have been identified and shown to play important roles in multiple
bone cells and bone disease. The function and mechanism of bone-related lncRNA remain to be elucidated.

Conclusion:
At present, majority of knowledge is limited to cellular levels and less is known on how
lncRNAs could potentially control the development and homeostasis of bone. In the present review, we
highlight some lncRNAs in the field of bone biology and bone disease. We also delineate some
lncRNAs that might have deep impacts on understanding bone diseases and providing new therapeutic
strategies to treat these diseases.
Gastroprotective Effect of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. pekinensis) Juice in Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Chin Jin Han , Wong Kah Hui , Yeong Soh Onn 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Chinese cabbage or Brassica oleracea L. var. pekinensis is an edible leafy
green vegetable in the family of Brassicaceae. Ethnopharmacological studies have shown that the
juice of cabbage leaves is commonly used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, irritable
bowel syndrome, minor cuts and wounds and mastitis.

Objective:
This study was aimed to examine the gastroprotective effect of Chinese cabbage (Family:
Brassicaceae) juice in rats by using ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model.

Methods:
Thirty albino male Sprague Dawley rats (150 ± 20 g) were divided into 6 groups with five
rats (n = 5) in each group. The normal control group was treated with distilled water while the positive
control group was intragastrically administered with omeprazole (20 mg/kg). Cabbage juice at
500 mg/kg was given orally to three experimental groups for 1-day, 7-day and 14-day, respectively.
Ethanol (70 % v/v) was orally treated to all rats one hour after the last dose treatment except the
normal control group.

Results:
Results obtained showed that repeated consumption of cabbage juice for 7 days and 14 days
exhibited an increase in accumulation mucus and in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-
s-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as a reduction in gastric
lesion area induced by ethanol compared with the ulceration control group.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the gastroprotective effect of Chinese cabbage juice could be associated
with its ability to increase endogenous antioxidant activities of SOD, GST and GSH-Px and mucus
secretion in rat stomach.
Paradigma Historis Backpacking Travel Sebagai Perjalanan Wisata
Authors: Pitaya Pitaya , Baiquni Muhammad , Marsono Marsono , Nopirin Nopirin 
Published: September 2019

Nowadays backpacking travel is the most popular travelling style which famous to the youth traveller. According to the history, the travelling style can be tracked from the nomadic tribes in all corner of the world for their moving habit for run their life. Through the ages, the nomad who carries backpack at their back to bring necessities adopted by soldiers, explorers, and many kinds of travellers, until transformed to the modern free independent tourist (FIT) ; backpacker, flash packer to the present techno packer. The backpackers itself always become an interesting object for the scholars and the tourism experts. Their travelling style colorized every great journey that men ever made. This paper aim is to seek and identify the existence of backpackers and their travelling style throughout historical paradigm. The methods using in this research is both literatures studies and field observatory to the iconic backpacking travels sites in the history. The results show that the backpackers and backpacking travel consists of unique characteristics who determine their travelling style that different among the common tourist or even the group inclusive tour (GIT). The backpackers travels much longer, more far, they travel some time to the off beaten tracks, they always made interaction with the local community, and their journeys inspired others. No wonder if in the future backpacking travel will contributes so many influences to the tourism world.
Penerapan prompting untuk meningkatkan frekuensi kontak mata pada anak dengan global developmental delay
Authors: Cintaka Rakhi , Djuwita Efriyani 
Published: September 2019

Abstrak. Kontak mata merupakan prasyarat penting bagi seseorang untuk dapat mencapai kemampuan yang lebih kompleks, seperti halnya bahasa dan sosial. Oleh karena itu, kontak mata menjadi target perilaku pertama untuk diintervensi. H merupakan anak laki-laki berusia 4 tahun 8 bulan dengan diagnosis Global Developmental Delay yang sangat jarang melakukan kontak mata dengan orang lain. Ia belum mampu berkomunikasi dan respon yang ditunjukkan terhadap sekitarnya juga sangat minim. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian single-subject, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penerapan prompting dalam meningkatkan frekuensi kontak mata anak dengan Global Developmental Delay (H). Kontak mata anak diperoleh dari data pencatatan melalui observasi langsung dan didukung dengan alat ukur Kuesioner Kontak Mata dan Kuesioner Kemampuan Bahasa dan Personal/Sosial yang diisi oleh orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan frekuensi kemunculan kontak mata serta peningkatan skor pada kedua kuesioner sebelum (pre-test) dan sesudah (post-test) intervensi diberikan. Meskipun demikian, kontak mata belum muncul secara konsisten setiap kali anak dipanggil namanya dan hasil penelitian ini masih perlu didukung oleh penelitian serupa, khususnya pada kelompok anak dengan Global Developmental Delay.Kata Kunci: Prompting, Kontak Mata, Global Developmental Delay. Abstract. Eye contact is an important prerequisite to achieve more complex abilities, such as language and social. Therefore, it is the first behavior targeted for intervention. H is a 4-year-old boy with a diagnosis of Global Developmental Delay who rarely makes eye contact with other people. He has not been able to communicate and the response shown to his surrounding is also very minimal. This study is a single-subject research, which aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of prompting in increasing the frequency of eye contact in children with Global Developmental Delay (H). Child's eye contact is obtained from the recorded data through direct observation and supported by Children’s Eye Contact Questionnaire and Language and Personal/Social Ability Questionnaire filled by parents. The result showed an increase in the frequency of eye contact occurrence and an increase in scores on both questionnaires before (pre-test) and after (post-test) intervention was given. However, eye contact has not occurred consistently every time the child is called by his name and the result of this study still need to be supported by similar research, especially in children with Global Developmental Delay.Keywords: Prompting, Eye Contact, Global Developmental Delay.
<b>ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR COMBATING THE ABUSE OF LAW EMPLOYED BY EU LAW</b><br/>TÉCNICAS ALTERNATIVAS PARA COMBATER O ABUSO DE DIREITO EMPREGADO PELA LEGISLAÇÃO DA UE
Authors: Liakopoulos Dimitris 
Published: September 2019

The present study/research aims to understand the functioning of prohibition of abuse of law in European Union, as a "legal technique" to deny the exercise of the right or exclude the application of EU law where a behavior is found abusive by the private. Such an analysis is indeed the starting point for understanding more deeply the normative meaning of this prohibition, also by placing it in relation with the other protection techniques of which the Union system disposes. More specifically, through a comparison with the use of alternative techniques, the aim of the research is to define whether this prohibition can be considered as an effective technique in EU law, that is to say concretely applicable to the fight against abuse. The role of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the fight against abuse: final considerations on the extent of the prohibition of abuse and its operation in EU law. The main objective of the research was to understand the legal meaning and operation of the prohibition on the abuse of rights in EU, as a legal technique to exclude the application of EU law or to deny the right attributed by EU law where abusive behavior by the private individual is found.
Predictors of Recurrent Severe Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia During the HypoCOMPaSS Study
Authors: Flatt Anneliese J.S. , Little Stuart A. , Speight Jane , Leelarathna Lalantha , Walkinshaw Emma , Tan Horng Kai , Bowes Anita , Lubina-Solomon Alexandra , Holmes-Truscott Elizabeth , Chadwick Thomas J. , Wood Ruth , McDonald Timothy J. , Kerr David , Flanagan Daniel , Brooks Augustin , Heller Simon R. , Evans Mark L. , Shaw James A.M. 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVEThe HypoCOMPaSS study was designed to test the hypothesis that successful avoidance of biochemical hypoglycemia without compromising overall glycemic control would restore sufficient hypoglycemia awareness to prevent recurrent severe hypoglycemia in the majority of participants with established type 1 diabetes. Before starting the study, we planned to investigate associations between baseline characteristics and recurrent severe hypoglycemia over 2 years’ follow-up.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 96 adults with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia participated in a 24-week 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial comparing insulin delivery and glucose monitoring modalities, with the goal of rigorous biochemical hypoglycemia avoidance. The analysis included 71 participants who had experienced severe hypoglycemia in the 12-month prestudy with confirmed absence (complete responder) or presence (incomplete responder) of severe hypoglycemia over 24 months’ follow-up.RESULTSThere were 43 (61%) complete responders and 28 (39%) incomplete responders experiencing mean ± SD 1.5 ± 1.0 severe hypoglycemia events/person-year. At 24 months, incomplete responders spent no more time with glucose ≤3 mmol/L (1.4 ± 2.1% vs. 3.0 ± 4.8% for complete responders; P = 0.26), with lower total daily insulin dose (0.45 vs. 0.58 units/24 h; P = 0.01) and greater impairment of hypoglycemia awareness (Clarke score: 3.8 ± 2.2 vs. 2.0 ± 1.9; P = 0.01). Baseline severe hypoglycemia rate (16.9 ± 16.3 vs. 6.4 ± 10.8 events/person-year; P = 0.002) and fear of hypoglycemia were higher in incomplete responders. Peripheral neuropathy was more prevalent in incomplete responders (11 [39%] vs. 2 [4.7%]; P &lt; 0.001) with a trend toward increased autonomic neuropathy.CONCLUSIONSRecurrent severe hypoglycemia was associated with higher preintervention severe hypoglycemia rate, fear of hypoglycemia, and concomitant neuropathy.
Kajian Aksiologi Max Scheler Terhadap Operasi Merubah Kelamin pada Manusia (Transeksual)
Authors: Pardosi Milton Thorman , Dwiputri Maharani Septiana 
Published: September 2019

Salah satu perkembangan Ilmu pengetahuan modern saat ini adalah tindakan operasi merubah alat kelamin pada manusia. Ini telah menjadi isu penting dalam masyarakat karena terjadi pro dan kontra. Kelompok yang paling menentang adalah kelompok agama. Beberapa negara sudah melegalkan tindakan ini sementara yang lain belum. Latarbelakang seseorang memutuskan merubah alat kelaminnya ada dua: pertama, karena merasa sedang berada di dalam “tubuh yang salah” di mana perilakunya bertolak belakang dengan alat genital yang dimiliki. Kedua, perkembangan alat genital yang tidak sempurna. Itu sebabnya perlu dibuat kajian Aksiologi terhadap keputusan merubah alat kelamin pada manusia tersebut. Aksiologi sendiri berarti ilmu atau teori tentang hakikat nilai yang menyelidiki nilai dalam hal hakikatnya, ukurannya, dan status metafisisnya yang berkaitan dengan kegunaannya. Dalam Aksiologi, Max Scheler memberikan empat tingkatan nilai yaitu: (1) Nilai “kenikmatan” atau “kesenangan” (agreeable) dan “ketidaknikmatan” atau “ketidaksenangan” (disagreeable); (2) Nilai vitalitas atau kesejahteraan atau kehidupan (vital feeling); (3) Nilai spiritual (spiritual values); (4) Nilai kekudusan atau keprofanan atau ketuhanan (the holy). Dari keempat hakikat nilai Max Scheler tersebut didapati bahwa keputusan merubah alat kelamin pada manusia tidak memiliki hakikat nilai apapun kecuali sekedar nilai kenikmatan atau kesenangan. Artinya, tindakan semacam ini sesungguhnya menyangkal hakikat nilai-nilai yang ada. Nilai kenikmatan yang didapatkan melalui operasi merubah kelamin sebenarnya hanya bersifat “fana” atau sesaat karena justru kekecewaanlah yang muncul pada akhirya. Oleh sebab itu, penulis menyarankan agar mereka yang merasa diri terjebak di dalam “tubuh yang salah” lebih baik melakukan terapi kejiwaan dan keagamaan agar hakikat nilai yang ada pada dirinya dapat diperkembang ketimbang melakukan perubahan pada alat kelamin. Kata Kunci: Operasi Kelamin, Aksiologi, Kodrat.
PENGARUH STRATEGI GUIDED DISCOVERY LEARNING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA DITINJAU DARI KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS IV ABIANSEMAL KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: Dewi Komala , Dantes Nyoman , Arnyana IBP 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh strategi guided discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA ditinjau dari kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa kelas IV SD Gugus VII Abiansemal Kabupaten Badung. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu (quasi eksperimen) dengan desain Post Test Only Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SD Gugus VII Abiansemal Badung Tahun 2018/2019 yang terdiri dari 208 siswa. Sebanyak 38 siswa dipilih sebagai sampel yang ditentukan dengan teknik group random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis Anava dua jalan berbantuan SPSS 17.00 for windows. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penerapan strategi guided discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA pada siswa kelas IV SD Gugus VII Abiansemal Badung. Kedua, terdapat pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan antara strategi pembelajaran dengan kemapuan berpikir kritis terhadap hasil belajar IPA pada siswa Kelas IV SD Gugus VII Abiansemal Badung. Ketiga, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan strategi guided discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA pada siswa Kelas IV SD Gugus VII Abiansemal Badung yang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis tinggi. Kempat, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan strategi guided discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA pada siswa Kelas IV SD Gugus VII Abiansemal Badung Tahun 2018/2019 yang memiliki kemampuan berpikir kritis rendah. Kata kunci: guided discovery learning, hasil belajar IPA, kemampuan berpikir kritis
KESULITAN MEMBACA KATA ANAK DISLEKSIA USIA 7-12 TAHUN DI SEKOLAH SDN 1 SANGSIT KECAMATAN SAWAN KABUPATEN BULELENG BALI
Authors: Budiani Luh , Marhaeni AAIN , Putrayasa Ida Bagus 
Published: September 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan :(1) kesulitan membaca kata disleksia (2) kendala-kendala dikelas satu SDN 1 Sangsit yang menjadi penyebab disleksia,(3) upaya-upaya yang dilakukan guru untuk menangani disleksia. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes, checklist,wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa :(1) terdapat kesulitan-kesulitan membaca kata dikelas satu seperti sulit membaca /memproses fonologi sehingga kurang mampu membaca (decode), mengeja kata (encode), berbicara (syintax) (2)Terdapat kendala-kendala penyebab disleksia yaitu faktor gen (hereditas), lingkungan, cahaya yang mengakibatkan sindrom irlen, kerusakan neorologis, artikulasi (3) terdapat upaya-upaya yang dilakukan guru untuk siswa disleksia seperti intervensi, toleransi, dispensasi, multisensori, metode gilingham, Clinical teaching, alat bantu seperti buku-buku bergambar, remidial teaching, memperhatikan perkembangan sosial emosional anak agar siswa disleksia tidak mengalami demotivasi belajar dan kefrustasian yang bisa membawanya pada kesulitan-kesulitan lain.
INTEGRASI PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH DALAM SISTEM PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL (Studi kebijakan Pendidikan Madrasah di Indonesia)
Authors: Pratama Yoga Anjas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMadrasah education is Islamic education that is integrated with the national education system. But in its development Islamic education experiences various problems, namely: (1) Stigma of society that considers madrasa as second class education (2) Until the left behind of madrassas from other general education. therefore in this research will be studied more deeply, about madrasah education integration in the national education system which is reviewed based on the perspective of madrasa education policy in Indonesia. This research is library research conducted by way of tracing books, articles, and related documents, to then be analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results of this study are that madrasa education has been integrated with the national education system, madrasa education is not second class education that lags behind other general education, this is because (1) Madrasah education has the same rights as other general education (to get attention, assistance, equal treatment) (2) Madrasa education (MI, MTs, and MA) is equivalent to other general education, (3) Can move to other general education institutions with the same education pathways and levels, and (4) Can continue education to prestigious Islamic Higher Education, as well as other general education.Keywords: Policy, Madrasah Education, National Education SystemAbstrakPendidikan madrasah merupakan pendidikan Islam yang terintegrasi dengan sistem pendidikan nasional. Tetapi dalam perkembanganya pendidikan madrasah mengalami berbagai permasalahan, yaitu: (1) Stigma masyararakat yang menganggap madrasah sebagai pendidikan kelas dua (2) Hingga tertinggalnya madrasah dari pendidikan umum lainya. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini akan dikaji lebih mendalam mengenai integrasi pendidikan madrasah dalam sistem pendidikan nasional yang dikaji berdasarkan perspektif kebijakan pendidikan madrasah di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan yang dilakukan dengan cara menelusuri buku-buku, artikel, dan dokumen-dokumen terkait, untuk kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah bahwa pendidikan madrasah telah terintegrasi dengan sistem pendidikan nasional, pendidikan madrasah bukanlah pendidikan kelas dua yang tertinggal dari penidikan umum lainya, hal ini dikarenakan (1) Pendidikan madrasah mempunyai hak yang sama dengan pendidikan umum lainya (untuk mendapat perhatian, bantuan, dan perlakuan yang sama) (2) Pendidikan madrasah (MI, MTs, dan MA) setara/sederajat dengan pendidikan umum lainya, (3) Dapat pindah ke lembaga pendidikan umum lainya dengan jalur dan jenjang pendidikan yang sama, dan (4) Dapat melanjutkan pendidikan ke Pendidikan Tinggi Islam yang bergengsi, maupun pendidikan umum lainya.Kata kunci: Kebijakan, Pendidikan Madrasah, Sistem Pendidikan Nasional