bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic Emission from Blitzars and Its Impact on Non-repeating Fast Radio Bursts
Authors: Most Elias R. , Nathanail Antonios , Rezzolla Luciano 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
It has been suggested that a non-repeating fast radio burst (FRB) represents the final signal of a magnetized neutron star collapsing to a black hole. In this model, a supramassive neutron star supported by rapid rotation, will collapse to a black hole several thousand to million years after its birth, as a result of spin-down. The collapse violently snaps the magnetic field lines anchored on the stellar surface, thus producing an electromagnetic pulse that will propagate outward and accelerate electrons, thus producing a massive radio burst, i.e., a “blitzar.” We present a systematic study of the gravitational collapse of rotating and magnetized neutron stars, with special attention to far-field evolution at late times after the collapse. By considering a series of neutron stars with rotation ranging from zero to millisecond periods and different magnetic-field strengths, we show that the blitzar emission is very robust and always characterized by a series sub-millisecond pulses decaying exponentially in amplitude. The luminosity and energy released when the magnetosphere is destroyed are well-reproduced by a simple expression in terms of the stellar magnetic field and radius. Finally, we assess the occurrence of pair production during a blitzar scenario. We conclude that, for typical magnetic-field strengths of 1012 G and spin frequencies of a few Hz, pair production is suppressed. Overall, the very good match between the results of the simulations and the luminosities normally observed for FRBs lends credibility to the blitzar model as a simple yet plausible explanation for the phenomenology of non-repeating FRBs.
Modeling Photoionized Turbulent Material in the Circumgalactic Medium
Authors: Buie II Edward , Gray William J. , Scannapieco Evan 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The circumgalactic medium (CGM) of nearby star-forming galaxies shows clear indications of O vi absorption accompanied by little to no N v absorption. This unusual spectral signature, accompanied by absorption from lower ionization state species whose columns vary by orders of magnitude along different sight lines, indicates that the CGM must be viewed as a dynamic, multiphase medium, such as occurs in the presence of turbulence. To explore this possibility, we carry out a series of chemodynamical simulations of a isotropic turbulent media, using the MAIHEM package. The simulations assume a metallicity of 0.3 Z
⊙ and a redshift zero metagalatic UV background, and they track ionizations, recombinations, and species-by-species radiative cooling for a wide range of elements. We find that turbulence with a one-dimensional (1D) velocity dispersion of σ
1D ≈ 60 km s−1 replicates many of the observed features within the CGM, such as clumping of low ionization-state ions and the existence of O vi at moderate ionization parameters. However, unlike observations, N v often arises in our simulations with derived column densities of a similar magnitude to those of O vi. While higher values of σ
1D lead to a thermal runaway in our isotropic simulations, this would not be the case in stratified media, and thus we speculate that more complex models of the turbulence may well match the absence of N v in the CGM of star-forming galaxies.
Observations on the Magnetic Disconnections of a Magnetic Cloud from the Sun through Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Feng H. Q. , Wang J. M. , Zhao G. Q. , Zhao Y. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Most coronal mass ejections (CMEs) originally exhibit closed magnetic flux rope (MFR) structures near the Sun. Moreover, the amount of magnetic field magnitude in the heliosphere can continually increase when CMEs propagate from the Sun to interplanetary space. To solve the problem of increased magnetic field magnitude, the closed field lines of MFRs should be opened and disconnected through magnetic reconnections. Here, we report a magnetic cloud (MC) associated with a magnetic reconnection exhaust measured by Wind over the period of 2001 October 31 to November 1. Observations of unidirectional suprathermal electron strahls revealed that part of the field lines before the rear boundary of the MC was opened. The magnetic reconnection event was disconnecting the opened field lines of the MC by merging with open field lines after the MC. These observations indicated that MFRs could be opened or disconnected in no particular order.
The Orbital Architecture and Debris Disks of the HR 8799 Planetary System
Authors: Goździewski Krzysztof , Migaszewski Cezary 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The HR 8799 planetary system with four ≃10 m
Jup planets in wide orbits up to ≃70 au and orbital periods up to 500 yr has been detected with direct imaging. Its intriguing orbital architecture is not yet fully resolved due to time-limited astrometry covering only ≃20 yr. Earlier, we constructed a heuristic model of the system based on rapid, convergent migration of the planets. Here we develop a better-structured and CPU-efficient variant of this model. With the updated approach, we reanalyzed the self-consistent, homogeneous astrometric data set in Konopacky et al. The best-fitting configuration agrees with our earlier findings. The HR 8799 planets are likely involved in a dynamically robust Laplace 8e:4d:2c:1b resonance chain. Hypothetical planets with masses below the current detection limit of 0.1–3 m
Jup within the observed inner or beyond the outer orbit, respectively, do not influence the long-term stability of the system. We predict the positions of such nondetected objects. The long-term stable orbital model of the observed planets helps to simulate the dynamical structure of debris disks in the system. A CPU-efficient fast indicator technique makes it possible to reveal their complex, resonant shape in 106 particles scale. We examine the inner edge of the outer disk detected between 90 and 145 au. We also reconstruct the outer disk, assuming that it has been influenced by the convergent migration of the planets. A complex shape of the disk strongly depends on various dynamical factors, like orbits and masses of nondetected planets. It may be highly noncircular, and its models are yet nonunique regarding both observational constraints and its origin.
« Sous un grand bocal, une… fille charmante » le modèle du cabinet de curiosités dans deux Nuits de Paris
Authors: Muscat Morgane 
Published: September 2018

Les lieux de l’art semblent absents du parcours des Nuits de Paris ; à l’exception du cabinet de curiosités qui apparaît notamment dans les 5 e et 91 e nuits, où le Spectateur découvre, exposées, une fille embaumée et une autre reproduite fidèlement en cire. Cette étude s’attache à comprendre l’utilisation du modèle du cabinet de curiosités, qui permet une exposition morbide du corps féminin mais également l’affirmation d’un parti pris esthétique.
Le sens philosophique du discours sur l’éducabilité des « sourds-muets » au siècle des Lumières en France
Authors: Sakakura Yûji 
Published: September 2018

Ce n’est certainement pas sans raison que l’on a privilégié, dans l’histoire des « sourds-muets », les deux grands instituteurs pionniers en France, J. R. Pereire et l’abbé Ch.-M. de l’Epée. Si les philosophes des Lumières s’intéressent au « prodige » réalisé par ceux-ci, c’est que les enjeux de leur aventure touchent à une des problématiques les plus fondamentales de la philosophie occidentale : qu’est-ce qui distingue le genre humain des animaux ? En cherchant dans la nature des animaux l’archétype de la nature humaine, les philosophes s’intéressent aux hommes vivant à l’écart de la société civile exactement comme le fameux « enfant sauvage de l’Aveyron », trouvé « dans les bois » à la fin du siècle. Les « sourds-muets » sont de là considérés comme des hommes vivant dans la société mais privés de relations avec les autres hommes. Sourds-muets » et aveugles ont fourni aux philosophes des Lumières des « preuves matérielles » pour critiquer les partisans des « idées innées » cartésiennes.
De l’usage du rococo dans la critique littéraire dix-huitièmiste
Authors: Daguisé Floriane 
Published: September 2018

Qu’on l’appelle « goût », « style », « courant » ou « tendance », le rococo a connu, à partir des années 1960 et de manière plus nette depuis les années 2000, un réinvestissement dans le cadre d’analyses littéraires. Cette catégorie historiographique en elle-même nébuleuse, émanant des arts décoratifs et exploitée par les domaines plastiques, ressurgit dans le champ littéraire chargée d’implications théoriques majeures pour l’étude de la première moitié du 18 e siècle. Face à la diversité des tentatives pour circonscrire et mettre à profit le rococo, il s’agit de mettre en perspective ces travaux, à la fois pour en comprendre les soubassements conceptuels, en évaluer la pertinence méthodologique et en mesurer l’intérêt pour la recherche dix-huitièmiste.
« Dérisquer » l’investissement en zone complexe
Authors: Kalika Arnaud 
Published: September 2018

Arnaud Kalika dirige la sûreté et l’intelligence chez Meridiam depuis 2013. Auparavant, il a eu une carrière croisant le renseignement, le journalisme et l’intelligence économique. Il nous présente de quelle façon il est possible pour une entreprise de « dérisquer » ses investissements dans un environnement complexe.
Des adultes encore parentifiés
Authors: Zimmermann Kehlstadt Laurence 
Published: September 2018

Les concepts de « parentification » et de l’« enfant parental » ont été développés respectivement par Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy et Salvador Minuchin en référence à la position de l’enfant ou de l’adolescent par rapport à ses parents. Ces concepts ont été repris par de nombreux auteurs mais, à ma connaissance, il n’a pas été question de considérer que des adultes restent dans cette relation particulière d’enfant parentifié à leurs parents ou, par délégation, à un membre de leur famille. Ces patients ne sont souvent pas conscients de ce lien et de sa pathologie. Or une fois celui-ci mis en évidence et nommé, il devient possible de dénouer des situations apparemment complexes. Cet article, après avoir redéfini le concept de parentification et son expression clinique chez l’adulte, vise à donner des outils au thérapeute lui permettant d’identifier ce lien particulier. Puis il décrira les spécificités relationnelles auxquelles le thérapeute sera confronté avec ces patients souvent très adaptés et les étapes du processus thérapeutique.
Targeting Peroxiredoxin 1 by a Curcumin Analogue, AI-44, Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis in Mice
Authors: Liu Wen , Guo Wenjie , Zhu Yongcheng , Peng Shuang , Zheng Wei , Zhang Chao , Shao Fenli , Zhu Yuyu , Hang Nan , Kong Lingdong , Meng Xiangbao , Xu Qiang , Sun Yang 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the onset and progression of various inflammatory diseases, making it a highly desirable drug target. In this study, we screened a series of small compounds with anti-inflammatory activities and identified a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, AI-44, a curcumin analogue that selectively inhibited signal 2 but not signal 1 of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We demonstrated that AI-44 bound to peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) and promoted the interaction of PRDX1 with pro–Caspase-1 (CASP1), which led to the suppression of association of pro-CASP1 and ASC. Consequently, the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome was interrupted, and the activation of CASP1 was inhibited. Knockdown of PRDX1 significantly abrogated the inhibitory effect of AI-44 on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Importantly, AI-44 alleviated LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice via suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Taken together, our work highlighted PRDX1 as a negative regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and suggested AI-44 as a promising candidate compound for the treatment of sepsis or other NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
Humidity and temperature sensor system demonstrator with NFC tag for HySiF applications
Authors: Eldebiky Amro , Elsobky Mourad , Richter Harald , Burghartz Joachim N. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Hybrid System-in-Foil (HySiF) is one of the emerging branches of flexible
electronics in which ultra-thin silicon chips are integrated with flexible
sensors in polymeric foils (Elsobky et al., 2018; Alavi et al., 2018). Intensive attention was given to the
implementation of flexible environmental sensing platforms for logistics and
food packaging (Cartasegna et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2016). The aim of this work is the implementation of a
sensor system demonstrator using HySiF components, namely an ultra-thin
microcontroller chip in addition to an on-chip temperature and an on-foil
humidity sensors. The measurement concept for the relative humidity sensor is
measuring the capacitance difference between an off-chip (on the foil
substrate) humidity dependent sensor capacitor, and another humidity
independent reference capacitor. The electrical readout technique is based on
the charge amplifier switched capacitor circuit. It is implemented using a
commercially available microcontroller (EM microelectronics EM6819) which has
the advantage of being available as single chips to enable post-processing
steps such as backthining and chip embedding in a thin polymer package.
Sensor and reference capacitors are homogeneously integrated on-foil. 400
and 30 µm thick microcontroller dies (MCU) are used in
this application. The charge amplifier result is digitized using an internal
10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The 10-bit ADC is time multiplexed
between the charge amplifier structure and the internal temperature sensor.
Linear interpolation is used to fit the digital output of the ADC and
calibrate the output of the sensor system. Readings of the humidity level and
the temperature are written to an NFC tag (from the company EM
microelectronics based on chip EM NF4) using the contact interface. Readings
can be accessed using a customized android application on a smartphone.
Delayed response of the ionosphere to solar EUV variability
Authors: Schmölter Erik , Berdermann Jens , Jakowski Norbert , Jacobi Christoph , Vaishnav Rajesh 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Physical and chemical processes in the ionosphere are driven by
complex interactions with the solar radiation. The ionospheric plasma is in
particular sensitive to solar EUV and UV variations with a time delay between
one and two days. This delay is assumed to be related to thermospheric
transport processes from the lower ionosphere to the F region. In previous
analyses, the delay has been investigated using the F10.7 index. Here we
present preliminary results of the ionospheric delay based on a comprehensive
and reliable database consisting of GNSS TEC Maps and EUV spectral flux data.
We plan to specify the various dependencies from geographic/geomagnetic
location, altitude, season, local time, geophysical and solar radiation
conditions such as the solar activity level. The first results for
dependencies from seasons and wavelengths regions of the EUV are presented in
this paper. These results can provide more insight into ionospheric processes
and are of interest for applications dependent on reliable ionospheric
weather forecasts, e.g. GNSS error analyses, prediction and mitigation.
Modelo, identidad y la Academia de Francia en Roma: Nicolas Vleughels y su relación con los artistas portugueses y españoles.
Authors: Diez del Corral-Corredoira Pilar 
Published: September 2018

Nicolas Vleughels fue un pintor francés más conocido por su importante papel como director de la Académie de France en Roma (1725- 1737). Su estilo personal dirigiendo la institución y su forma de apoyar a los pensionados tuvo un enorme impacto en la producción de esos jóvenes artistas. Sin embargo, su influencia se suele estudiar dentro del marco del arte francés o romano, y no en una perspectiva más amplia, más en consonancia con el estatus internacional de la institución que representaba. A través del análisis de la correspondencia entre Vleughels y el sobreintendente de edificios públicas en París, este articulo aborda la relación de este carismático personaje con las dos coronas ibéricas. Por un lado, este trabajo estudia la efímera y casi desconocida vida de la academia de Portugal en Roma, cuya conexión con la academia gala es un asunto de rivalidad y posicionamiento más que una relación típicamente institucional. Por otro lado, este artículo también trata la turbulenta relación entre Vleughels y los pensionados españoles, que prácticamente condujo a una crisis diplomática; aún cuando supuestamente los españoles gozaban de un tratamiento especial, fruto de la alianza política entre las dos coronas.
Evaluating the Effect of Functional Electrical Stimulation Used for Foot Drop on Aspects of Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Miller Renfrew Linda , Lord Anna C. , Warren Jake , Hunter Rebecca 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common degenerative neurologic condition resulting in walking difficulties. Foot drop is a common walking impairment in MS that can affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Functional electrical stimulation (FES) can improve walking in people with MS, but its effect on HRQOL is not well established. This review investigated the effect of FES used for foot drop on HRQOL in adults with MS.

Methods:
A systematic search was performed using CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and PEDro online databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select eligible studies. Data were extracted, and two reviewers independently rated the quality of the studies using the Effective Public Health Practice Project assessment tool.

Results:
Eight studies were eligible for review; seven were of moderate-to-strong methodological quality and one was weak. Seven studies demonstrated significant positive effects of FES on different aspects of HRQOL as measured by the 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale, 36-item Short Form Health Status Survey, Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scale.

Conclusions:
This review provides preliminary evidence that FES has a positive effect on aspects of HRQOL in people with MS; however, the variety of HRQOL outcomes used makes it difficult to determine definitive conclusions. Future larger-scale randomized studies with long-term follow-up are recommended to better understand the effect of FES on HRQOL. This will inform prescribing decisions and support compliance with FES over the longer-term.
Cone beam CT for QA of synthetic CT in MRI only for prostate patients
Authors: Palmér Emilia , Persson Emilia , Ambolt Petra , Gustafsson Christian , Gunnlaugsson Adalsteinn , Olsson Lars E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐only radiotherapy is performed without computed tomography (CT). A synthetic CT (sCT) is used for treatment planning. The aim of this study was to develop a clinically feasible quality assurance (QA) procedure for sCT using the kV‐cone beam CT (CBCT), in an MRI‐only workflow for prostate cancer patients.Material and methodThree criteria were addressed; stability in Hounsfield Units (HUs), deviations in HUs between the CT and CBCT, and validation of the QA procedure. For the two first criteria, weekly phantom measurements were performed. For the third criteria, sCT, CT, and CBCT for ten patients were used. Treatment plans were created based on the sCT (MriPlannerTM). CT and CBCT images were registered to the sCT. The treatment plan was copied to the CT and CBCT and recalculated. Dose–volume histogram (DVH) metrics were used to evaluate dosimetric differences between the sCT plan and the recalculated CT and CBCT plans. HU distributions in sCT, CT, and CBCT were compared. Well‐defined errors were introduced in the sCT for one patient to evaluate efficacy of the QA procedure.ResultsThe kV‐CBCT system was stable in HU over time (standard deviation <40 HU). Variation in HUs between CT and CBCT was <60 HU. The differences between sCT–CT and sCT–CBCT dose distributions were below or equal to 1.0%. The highest mean dose difference for the CT and CBCT dose distribution was 0.6%. No statistically significant difference was found between total mean dose deviations from recalculated CT and CBCT plans, except for femoral head. Comparing HU distributions, the CBCT appeared to be similar to the CT. All introduced errors were identified by the proposed QA procedure, except all tissue compartments assigned as water.ConclusionThe results in this study shows that CBCT can be used as a clinically feasible QA procedure for MRI‐only radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients.
All‐Solid‐State Synaptic Transistor with Ultralow Conductance for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Yang Chuan‐Sen , Shang Da‐Shan , Liu Nan , Fuller Elliot J. , Agrawal Sapan , Talin A. Alec , Li Yong‐Qing , Shen Bao‐Gen , Sun Young 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectronic synaptic devices are important building blocks for neuromorphic computational systems that can go beyond the constraints of von Neumann architecture. Although two‐terminal memristive devices are demonstrated to be possible candidates, they suffer from several shortcomings related to the filament formation mechanism including nonlinear switching, write noise, and high device conductance, all of which limit the accuracy and energy efficiency. Electrochemical three‐terminal transistors, in which the channel conductance can be tuned without filament formation provide an alternative platform for synaptic electronics. Here, an all‐solid‐state electrochemical transistor made with Li ion–based solid dielectric and 2D α‐phase molybdenum oxide (α‐MoO3) nanosheets as the channel is demonstrated. These devices achieve nonvolatile conductance modulation in an ultralow conductance regime (<75 nS) by reversible intercalation of Li ions into the α‐MoO3 lattice. Based on this operating mechanism, the essential functionalities of synapses, such as short‐ and long‐term synaptic plasticity and bidirectional near‐linear analog weight update are demonstrated. Simulations using the handwritten digit data sets demonstrate high recognition accuracy (94.1%) of the synaptic transistor arrays. These results provide an insight into the application of 2D oxides for large‐scale, energy‐efficient neuromorphic computing networks.
Stress Testing Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Suppression of Voltage Drift and Black Spot Formation
Authors: Hu Shiyu , Gao Jun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe stress characteristics of the polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) are comprehensively evaluated by varying a host of material and operational parameters. PLECs with the lowest salt concentration of less than 2.5% exhibit runaway voltage drift that leads to rapid cell destruction. PLECs with the lowest electrolyte polymer concentration and a 5% salt content exhibit the longest luminance half‐life, but are slow to activate and are plagued by black spots. At moderate‐to‐high electrolyte concentrations, the PLECs are relatively stable but are not immune to black spots and voltage drift. A lifetime figure‐of‐merit is introduced to quantitatively account for all three indicators of cell degradation in luminance decay, voltage drift, and black spot formation. A surprising discovery is that voltage drift and black spot formation can be effectively suppressed by drastically increasing the electrolyte content. A cell with a 70% electrolyte content exhibits the best lifetime of nearly 350 h when operated at a constant current density of 167 mA cm−2. The black spots can also be effectively eliminated by employing silver instead of aluminum as the cathode material.