bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Summer Aboveground Productivity in Temperate C3 Grasslands Under Future Climate Regimes
Authors: Obermeier Wolfgang A. , Lehnert Lukas W. , Ivanov Martin A. , Luterbacher Jürg , Bendix Jörg 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTemperate grasslands play globally an important role, for example, for biodiversity conservation, livestock forage production, and carbon storage. The latter two are primarily controlled by biomass production, which is assumed to decrease with lower amounts and higher variability of precipitation, while increasing air temperature might either foster or suppress biomass production. Additionally, a higher atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is supposed to increase biomass productivity either by directly stimulating photosynthesis or indirectly by inducing water savings (CO2 fertilization effect). Consequently, future biomass productivity is controlled by the partially contrasting effects of changing climatic conditions and [CO2], which to date are only marginally understood. This results in high uncertainties of future biomass production and carbon storage estimates. Consequently, this study aims at statistically estimating mid‐21st century grassland aboveground biomass (AGB) based on 18 years of data (1998–2015) from a free air carbon enrichment experiment. We found that lower precipitation totals and a higher precipitation variability reduced AGB. Under drier conditions accompanied by increasing air temperature, AGB further decreased. Here AGB under elevated [CO2] was partly even lower compared to AGB under ambient [CO2], probably because elevated [CO2] reduced evaporative cooling of plants, increasing heat stress. This indicates a higher susceptibility of AGB to increased air temperature under future atmospheric [CO2]. Since climate models for Central Europe project increasing air temperature and decreasing total summer precipitation associated with an increasing variability, our results suggest that grassland summer AGB will be reduced in the future, contradicting the widely expected positive yield anomalies from increasing [CO2].
Statistical Forecasting of Current and Future Circum‐Arctic Ground Temperatures and Active Layer Thickness
Authors: Aalto J. , Karjalainen O. , Hjort J. , Luoto M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMean annual ground temperature (MAGT) and active layer thickness (ALT) are key to understanding the evolution of the ground thermal state across the Arctic under climate change. Here a statistical modeling approach is presented to forecast current and future circum‐Arctic MAGT and ALT in relation to climatic and local environmental factors, at spatial scales unreachable with contemporary transient modeling. After deploying an ensemble of multiple statistical techniques, distance‐blocked cross validation between observations and predictions suggested excellent and reasonable transferability of the MAGT and ALT models, respectively. The MAGT forecasts indicated currently suitable conditions for permafrost to prevail over an area of 15.1 ± 2.8 × 106 km2. This extent is likely to dramatically contract in the future, as the results showed consistent, but region‐specific, changes in ground thermal regime due to climate change. The forecasts provide new opportunities to assess future Arctic changes in ground thermal state and biogeochemical feedback.
Traveling Ultralow‐Frequency Waves and Their Influences Over Low‐Energy, Charged Particles
Authors: Yang Mu , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Zhang Long‐Fei , Rankin Robert , Wang Yong‐Fu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn Earth's magnetosphere, the behavior of charged particles in response to ultralow‐frequency (ULF) waves has long been understood in the framework of their resonant interactions with standing hydromagnetic waves. It has been argued that for impulse‐excited waves, it may take a few wave cycles for the standing structure to be fully established; during these initial cycles, the waves should propagate along magnetic field lines before they are reflected from the ionosphere and are superimposed to form standing waves. However, it has been unclear how particles behave during the initial, traveling stage of the ULF wave evolution. Here we use a simplistic model of ULF wave evolution from traveling to standing waves, to investigate the response of low‐energy electrons (presumably of plasmaspheric and/or ionospheric origin) immediately after the wave excitation. We find that an off‐equatorial spacecraft would observe dispersive signatures in both energy and pitch angle spectra of electron fluxes, and the flux modulation may appear (at specific pitch angle and energy ranges) prior to the electromagnetic oscillations. These predicted signatures, consistent with the scenario of field‐aligned streaming electrons surfing on traveling ULF waves, are indeed observed by the Cluster spacecraft during an ULF wave event on 25 September 2001. Our identification of such signatures, therefore, provides a new understanding of ULF wave evolution and wave‐particle interactions in the inner magnetosphere.
Classifying Precipitation Types in Tropical Cyclones Using the NRL 37 GHz Color Product
Authors: Jiang Haiyan , Zagrodnik Joseph P. , Tao Cheng , Zipser Edward J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe tropical cyclone (TC) webpage developed by the U.S. Naval Research Lab (NRL) has been widely used by the community for real‐time TC monitoring and forecasting. Using 14 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager and Precipitation Radar data in TCs, precipitation/convection types are quantitatively classified based on vertical radar profiles corresponding to seven different color regions in the NRL's 37 GHz color composite product. The bright cyan and all pink (including pure pink, bright cyan/pink, and weak cyan/pink, and green/pink) regions are identified as nearly 100% precipitative regions. The bright cyan and pure pink regions are shallow and deep convective precipitation, respectively, while the green/pink, weak cyan/pink, and bright cyan/pink regions are mainly stratiform rain. Eighty‐four percent of pixels in the weak cyan region are precipitating, including either shallow convective, stratiform, or anvil precipitation. Seventy‐six percent of pixels in the green region are nonprecipitating pixels, and 24% of them are very lightly precipitating pixels, which could be contaminated from clouds with high liquid water content. The ability to perform TC precipitation‐type analysis of this detail (convective versus stratiform and deep versus shallow) was previously only possible using radar‐based classification algorithms. Using the 37 GHz precipitation‐type analysis, a significant increase of coverage of stratiform precipitation and shallow convection in the inner core is found between 3 and 21 hr before the onset of TC rapid intensification.
The Far‐UV Albedo of Europa From HST Observations
Authors: Becker T. M. , Retherford K. D. , Roth L. , Hendrix A. R. , McGrath M. A. , Saur J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe present an analysis of Europa's far‐UV spectral albedo using observations during the 1999–2015 time period made by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. Disk‐integrated observations show that the far‐UV spectrum in the ~130 to 170‐nm range is relatively flat or slightly blue (increasing albedo with decreasing wavelength) for the studied hemispheres: the leading, trailing, and anti‐Jovian hemispheres. At Lyman‐α (121.6 nm), the albedo of the trailing hemisphere continues the blue trend, but it reddens for the leading hemisphere. Also at this wavelength, the albedo of the leading hemisphere, which is higher than the trailing hemisphere at near‐UV and visible wavelengths, is lower than the trailing hemisphere, exhibiting spectral inversion. We find no evidence of a sharp water‐ice absorption edge at 165 nm on any hemisphere of Europa, which is intriguing since such an absorption feature has been observed on the icy Saturnian satellites.
Modifications of Middle Atmosphere Conductivity During Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances Deduced From Changes of Schumann Resonance Peak Frequencies
Authors: Kudintseva I. G. , Galuk Yu. P. , Nickolaenko A. P. , Hayakawa M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a novel technique to reveal modifications of the Schumann resonance peak frequencies during sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs) caused by the solar X‐ray flares. An SID is associated with the abrupt reduction in ionospheric height over the day hemisphere during solar flares. Reduction of the daytime ionosphere lowers the average height of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity and leads to an increase in its resonant frequencies. An improved profile is used describing the middle atmosphere conductivity and its modification. The resonance frequencies of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity and the characteristic heights of the conductivity profile are computed by the full wave technique for various intensities of ionosphere modifications. Power spectra of the vertical electric field component are calculated using the 2‐dimensional telegraph equations for the uniform spatial distribution of global thunderstorms in the cavity with the day‐night nonuniformity for several observer positions relative to the solar terminator. Changes in the peak frequencies are obtained as a function of magnitude of ionosphere modifications. The weighted average frequency of Schumann resonance is calculated over the first three modes, and the linear fitting is performed for the dependence of this weighted average frequency on the SID intensity and/or on changes in the magnetic characteristic height of the conductivity profile. The data obtained might be used in further interpretations of observational data and in estimating the lower ionosphere modification by using Schumann resonance records.
Shock Connectivity and the Late Cycle 24 Solar Energetic Particle Events in July and September 2017
Authors: Luhmann J. G. , Mays M. L. , Li Yan , Lee C. O. , Bain H. , Odstrcil D. , Mewaldt R. A. , Cohen C. M. S. , Larson D. , Petrie Gordon 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs solar activity steadily declined toward the cycle 24 minimum in the early months of 2017, the expectation for major solar energetic particle (SEP) events diminished with the sunspot number. It was thus surprising (though not unprecedented) when a new, potentially significant active region rotated around the East limb in early July that by midmonth was producing a series of coronal eruptions, reaching a crescendo around 23 July. This series, apparently associated with the birth of a growing pseudostreamer, produced the largest SEP event(s) seen since the solar maximum years. Activity abated with the decay of the active region, but a second episode of magnetic flux emergence in the same area in early September initiated a new round of eruptions. The western longitude of the erupting region, together with its similar coronal setting in both cases, resulted in a set of nearly homologous multipoint SEP event periods at Earth, Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory‐A and Mars (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN) for July and September 2017. We use a combination of WSA‐ENLIL‐cone heliospheric simulation results, together with SEPMOD SEP event modeling, to illustrate how the event similarities at the three observer sites can be understood from their relative positions and their connectivities to the generated interplanetary shocks.
Stochastic Rainfall Modeling at Sub‐kilometer Scale
Authors: Benoit Lionel , Allard Denis , Mariethoz Gregoire 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNew measurement devices allow observing rainfall with unprecedented resolution. Such observations often reveal new features of rainfall occurring at the local scale (areas of about 1–25 km2). In particular, the joint effects of the advection of rain storms over the ground, and the deformation of spatial rain patterns along time, generate a complex rain field dependence structure characterized by strong space‐time interactions. When a high‐resolution is desired, stochastic rainfall models must therefore be upgraded to account for these new features of rain fields. In this paper, we propose to improve the meta‐Gaussian framework, which is typically used to model space‐time rain fields, to the specific case of sub‐kilometer rainfall. Particular attention is paid to the reproduction of the main features of local scale rainfall, namely: (1) a skewed distribution of rain intensities with the presence of intraevent intermittency and (2) a space‐time dependency structure with strong and complex space‐time interactions. The resulting model, able to generate high‐resolution, continuous and space‐time rain fields at the local scale, is validated and applied to a real data set collected by a network of drop‐counting rain gauges recording rainfall at a 1 min frequency. The combination of these data with the proposed model results in a complete framework that allows resolving the features of high‐resolution rainfall (1 min temporal resolution, 100 m spatial resolution) over a small alpine catchment in Switzerland.
Fludarabine and neurotoxicity in engineered T-cell therapy
Authors: Lowe Kate L. , Mackall Crystal L. , Norry Elliot , Amado Rafael , Jakobsen Bent K. , Binder Gwendolyn 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdoptive T-cell therapy, incorporating engineered T cell receptors (TCRs) or chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), target tumor antigens with high affinity and specificity. To increase the potency of adoptively transferred T cells, patients are conditioned with lymphodepleting chemotherapy regimens prior to adoptive T-cell transfer (ACT), and data suggest that fludarabine is an important component of an effective regimen. In a recent clinical trial using CAR-T cells engineered to target the CD19 B-cell antigen to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia, JCAR-015 (NCT02535364), two patient deaths due to cerebral edema led to trial suspension. The lymphodepleting agent fludarabine was suggested as the causative agent, in part due to its known association with neurotoxicity and its ability to induce greater potency. In a similar CAR-T study also incorporating fludarabine in the preconditioning regimen, ZUMA-1 (NCT02348216), one patient died of cerebral edema. However, subsequent deaths in the JCAR-015 study after removal of fludarabine and improved understanding behind the mechanisms of CAR-T-related encephalopathy syndrome (CRES) indicate that fludarabine is not the primary causative agent of cerebral edema and that it can be safely incorporated into the preconditioning regimen for ACT. Since entering clinical use in the late 1980s as a chemotherapy agent, fludarabine and similar analogs have been associated with lethal neurological toxicity, yet the manifestation and timing of symptoms are distinct to those observed recently in ACT. Herein, we review the history of fludarabine development as a chemotherapeutic agent, and discuss the safety of its continued use in preconditioning regimens for ACT.
KIC 8553788: A pulsating Algol with an extreme mass ratio
Authors: Liakos A. 
Published: May 2018

Context. The present research paper focuses on the eclipsing binary KIC 8553788 which belongs to two different types of binary systems regarding its physical properties. In particular, it is one of the 71 oscillating stars of Algol-type that have been discovered so far and one of the six that have been published based on high-cadence photometric data of theKeplermission. In addition, it is one of the four semi-detached binaries of the group of R CMa-type systems, while its pulsating component has the fourth fastest frequency among theδScuti stars-members of semi-detached binaries. Detailed light curves as well as spectroscopic and pulsation analyses are presented, while possible explanation scenarios for the evolution of the system involving past mass transfer, mass loss, and/or angular momentum loss due to the presence of a tertiary component are discussed.Aims. The goal of the study is to extract the pulsational characteristics of the oscillating star of the system, to estimate the absolute parameters of its components, and to provide a possible explanation for its extreme evolutionary status.Methods. Ground-based spectroscopic observations using the 2.3 m “Aristarchos” telescope were obtained and used for the estimation of the spectral type of the primary component and to model the light curves of the system with higher certainty. The short-cadence photometric data provided by theKeplermission were analysed using standard eclipsing binary modelling techniques, while Fourier analysis was applied on their residuals aiming to reveal the properties of the intrinsic oscillations. The resulting photometric model was combined with a published radial velocity curve to obtain accurate absolute parameters for the components of the system.Results. The results show that the primary component of the system is of A8 spectral type, has a mass of 1.6M⊙, and a radius of 2R⊙. It is a relatively fast pulsator ofδScuti type that oscillates in 89 frequency modes with the dominant one being 58.26 cycles day−1. On the other hand, the secondary component has a mass of only 0.07M⊙, a radius of 1R⊙, and a temperature of 4400 K. In addition, it was found to be magnetically active with migrating cool spots on its surface.Conclusions. KIC 8553788, according to its geometrical configuration and its pulsational properties, belongs to the group of oscillating stars of Algol type, while according to its very low mass ratio and its relatively short orbital period belongs also to the group of R CMa stars. If confirmed by radial velocity data of the secondary component, the system would have the lowest mass ratio that has ever been found in semi-detached systems and could therefore be considered as one of the most extreme cases.
Metals and dust in the neutral ISM: the Galaxy, Magellanic Clouds, and damped Lyman-α absorbers
Authors: De Cia Annalisa 
Published: May 2018

Context. The presence of dust in the neutral interstellar medium (ISM) dramatically changes the metal abundances that we measure. Understanding the metal content in the neutral ISM, and a direct comparison between different environments, has been hampered to date because of the degeneracy to the observed ISM abundances caused by the effects of metallicity, the presence of dust, and nucleosynthesis.
Aims. We study the metal and dust content in the neutral ISM consistently in different environments, and assess the universality of recently discovered sequences of relative abundances. We also intend to assess the validity of [Zn/Fe] as a tracer of dust in the ISM. This has recently been cast into doubt based on observations of stellar abundances, and needs to be addressed before we can safely use it to study the ISM.
Methods. In this letter we present a simple comparison of relative abundances observed in the neutral ISM in the Galaxy, the Magellanic Clouds, and damped Lyman-α absorbers (DLAs). The main novelty in this comparison is the inclusion of the Magellanic Clouds.
Results. The same sequences of relative abundances are valid for the Galaxy, Magellanic Clouds, and DLAs. These sequences are driven by the presence of dust in the ISM and seem “universal”.
Conclusions. The metal and dust properties in the neutral ISM appear to follow a similar behaviour in different environments. This suggests that a dominant fraction of the dust budget is built up from grain growth in the ISM depending of the physical conditions and regardless of the star formation history of the system. In addition, the DLA gas behaves like the neutral ISM, at least from a chemical point of view. Finally, despite the deviations in [Zn/Fe] observed in stellar abundances, [Zn/Fe] is a robust dust tracer in the ISM of different environments, from the Galaxy to DLAs.
L’empreinte piézographique en pratique quotidienne
Authors: ROKHSSI Hasnaa , ABDELKOUI Annissa , MERZOUK Nadia , BENFDIL Faiza 
Published: May 2018

L’édentement complet demeure un handicap fréquent
malgré les progrès obtenus par la prévention
bucco-dentaire. La résorption continue de l’os
alvéolaire suite à la perte des dents peut conduire
à des situations cliniques défavorables pour nos
patients. Dans ces cas, la réhabilitation par prothèse
amovible complète constitue pour le praticien un défi
très difficile à relever.
Actuellement, l’utilisation d’implants comme
supports de moyens de rétention complémentaires
est le traitement de choix pour pallier au manque
de stabilité et de rétention des prothèses amovibles
complètes.
Toutefois, l’empreinte piézographique, constitue une
alternative intéressante surtout pour les patients
chez qui le traitement implantaire ne peut être utilisé.
Elle permet de réaliser des prothèses s’intégrant
parfaitement au jeu musculaire fonctionnel liant
anatomie et physiologie, en adaptant la forme
à la fonction.
Ce travail se donne pour objectif de démystifier
cette technique pour la rendre accessible dans
notre pratique quotidienne au plus grand nombre
d’omnipraticiens.
Anwendung von Vakuum-Wundtherapie bei Spalthaut-Transplantaten im Kopf-Hals-Bereich
Authors: Thierauf Julia , Wiggenhauser Paul Severin , Hoffmann Thomas Karl , Greve Jens , Scheithauer Marc , Veit Johannes Adrian 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei der Vakuum-Wundtherapie (VAC) wird durch einen Unterdruck Wundsekret kontinuierlich abgesaugt und so die Bildung von Granulationsgewebe
signifikant gesteigert. Im Bereich der Viszeral-, Unfall- und Verbrennungschirurgie kommt diese bei kritischen Wunden häufig zum Einsatz. Im Kopf-Hals-Bereich
gibt es wenige Publikationen und begrenzte Erfahrungen. Insbesondere zur Anwendung des VAC-Systems bei Spalthaut-Transplantation (SHT) liegt bislang keine
Evidenz vor.
Material und Methoden Eine retrospektive Datenbankrecherche ergab insgesamt 36 VAC Anwendungen bei 13 Patienten, die über den Zeitraum von 2012 bis 2017
an der HNO-Universitätsklinik Ulm behandelt wurden. Es erfolgte eine Analyse der Indikationen, klinischen Verläufe und des Outcomes der VAC-Therapie mit Fokus
auf die Anwendung im Rahmen einer SHT.
Ergebnisse Neben den klassischen Indikationen wie pharyngo-cutanen Fisteln oder Wundheilungsstörungen nach Lappenchirurgie, konnten 7 Fälle von
VAC-Anwendung bei Spalthaut-Transplantation identifiziert werden. Die mediane VAC-Behandlungsdauer lag bei 11 Tagen, der VAC-Verband wurde im mittel 2-mal
gewechselt, der Sog lag durchschnittlich bei 70 mmHg. Der Wundverschluss war in 13/13 Fällen erfolgreich, in 7/13 Fällen wurde der definitive Wundverschluss
durch SHT mit synchronem Anbringen eines VAC-System erreicht, in 4/13 Fällen führte die Sekundärheilung zum Wundverschluss und in 2/13 Fällen war eine Nah- bzw.
Fernlappenplastik erforderlich.
Schlussfolgerungen Die VAC-Therapie scheint bei prolongierten Wundheilungsverläufen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich eine effektive Therapie darzustellen. Die hier
erstmals beschriebene SHT unter VAC-Therapie führt zu hohen Erfolgsraten insbesondere bei vorbestrahlten Patienten oder dem Krankheitsbild der nekrotisierenden
Fasziitis und ersetzt zusätzlich den Druckverband.
Artificial Macrocycles
Authors: Abdelraheem Eman , Shaabani Shabnam , Dömling Alexander 
Published: May 2018

Artificial macrocycles recently became popular as a novel research field in drug discovery. As opposed to their natural twins, artificial macrocycles promise to have better control on synthesizability and control over their physicochemical properties resulting in druglike properties. Very few synthetic methods allow for the convergent, fast but diverse access to large macrocycles chemical space. One synthetic technology to access artificial macrocycles with potential biological activity, multicomponent reactions, is reviewed here, with a focus on our own work. We believe that synthetic chemists have to acquaint themselves more with structure and activity to leverage the design aspect of their daily work.1	Introduction2	Macrocycle Properties and Receptor Binding3	Synthetic Approaches towards Artificial Macrocycles Using MCR4	Design Rules for Membrane Crossing Macrocycles5	Design Rules for Libraries of Macrocycles6	Computational Macrocyclic Methods7	Future View