bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hiding deep underground - two new subterranean beetle genera for Slovenia
Authors: Delić Teo , Colla Andrea , Zagmajster Maja 
Published: October 2018

By offsetting the discipline of speleobiology with the discovery of the first subterranean beetle Leptodirus hochenwartii, Slovenia became the country with the longest tradition of speleobiological research. Subterranean beetles have been an undepletable study subject for almost two centuries, giving the impression that not much novelty is expected in beetle fauna. However, recent discoveries of two new beetle genera for Slovenia, one of them even being a new genus for science, have put this view into a new perspective. With the development of caving techniques and growing interest for surveying deep vertical caves, also the intensity of speleobiological studies of these caves gradually increased. So, it was only in 2017, that the first specialized, hygropetric beetle, was found in Slovenia. In Southern part of the country, a sole female specimen from genus Croatodirus (fam. Leiodidae), probably belonging to a new species, was collected from a cave in Mt. Snežnik, at depth of 475 m. Second, in the same year, even more spectacular finding came from the Southern Calcareous Alps. During sampling of a cave on Mt. Raduha, a peculiar and highly troglomorphic Trechinae (fam. Carabidae) was found at depth 450 m, near the cave hygropetric. Thorough morphological examination of a single male collected revealed characters similar to the ones known in the Southern Dinaric Scotoplanetes - genus known to inhabit the cave hygropetric. However, when the newly discovered genus was put into Alpine Trechinae phylogenetic framework, its sister relation with a narrow-endemic genus Aphaenopidius was revealed. Such rare and occasional findings raise questions regarding the completeness of our knowledge on alpha taxonomy and the mechanisms underlying convergent evolution in the subterranean realm.
Poster: Suppl. material 1
Religiosity, emotional states, and strategy in the family firm: Edm. Schluter & Co Ltd., 1953-1980
Authors: Wong Nicholas D. , Smith Andrew , Popp Andrew 
Published: October 2018

Centré sur le cas de l’entreprise de négoce international de matières premières Edm. Schluter & Co. Ltd. dans la période 1953-1980, cet article contribue à un tournant affectif croissant dans l’histoire des entreprises et les études d’entreprises familiales en examinant comment la religiosité familiale partagée a généré des émotions positives qui ont créé un avantage concurrentiel pour cette firme pendant une période de turbulences externes accrues. À partir d’un éventail de sources qualitatives, y compris des lettres d’information commerciales et des transcriptions de discours prononcés par des dirigeants appartenant à la famille, nous identifions quatre émotions prédominantes : la nostalgie, l’anxiété, l’espoir et la confiance. Face à un environnement en rapide mutation caractérisé par la décolonisation de l’Afrique et la sécularisation de la Grande-Bretagne, l’entreprise s’est appuyée sur ces émotions pour construire sa résilience. Le commerce mondial des produits de base est dominé par les grandes sociétés. Le fait que cette petite entreprise familiale a survécu en gardant ses valeurs intactes jusqu’à ce jour est, à notre avis, la preuve que la famille, l’émotion et la religion ont fourni des ressources importantes à l’entreprise. L’article innove en appliquant l’histoire des émotions comme cadre d’interprétation de l’intersection à trois voies de la famille, des émotions et de la foi religieuse dans une entreprise familiale.
"I Was Actually a Nurse": The Meaning of Professionalism for Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Secrest Janet A , Norwood Barbara R , Keatley Virginia M 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
An important process in any profession is the development of professional identity. Understanding how students experience professionalism is important to provide appropriate educational experiences to foster this aspect of professional socialization. Therefore, this study investigated baccalaureate student nurses' perspectives of what it means to be professional. This qualitative study was based on Pollio, Henley, and Thompson's interpretive framework, an existential-phenomenological approach. The purpose of the interpretation was to recognize patterns or themes in an experience. Figurai experiences in one's life emerge against a backdrop, or ground. Sixtynine baccalaureate nursing students at different educational levels participated. They described specific experiences in which they felt professional. The student experience of being professional was one grounded in a world of self and others. Three interrelated themes emerged from this ground- belonging, knowing, and affirmation. The ground of self and others provides the backdrop of the experience. It is through self and others that the figurai themes are experienced. The themes are inherently interrelated. For example, the experiences of belonging and knowing were affirming to students, and affirmation enhanced their sense of knowing and belonging. Implications of the findings are explored.
Seeking the Sources of Heart of Darkness: the African Narratives of late-Victorian Explorers and Journalists
Authors: Griffiths Andrew 
Published: October 2018

This paper begins by briefly outlining the argument that Heart of Darkness should be read as something like a palimpsest – a palimpsest is, of course, a medieval document scribed onto parchment that has previously been inscribed with other texts and still bears their traces. It argues that Heart of Darkness dramatizes various acts of writing or representation that are later effaced and overwritten or rewritten. In doing this, the novella continually gestures beyond itself to source material that too has been effaced and rewritten. The paper then takes an archaeological approach, exploring just what that source material might be and how its traces are legible in Heart of Darkness. Henry Morton Stanley’s exploration narratives are identified as significant sources, which Conrad seeks to efface and overwrite. The paper further argues that debates running in British journalism through the 1890s, which Conrad discussed in correspondence with R.B. Cunninghame Graham, shaped the tone and atmosphere of the text. Finally, the paper outlines the possible relationship of Heart of Darkness to the wider field of writing on African travel and exploration.
« Le Fleuve commence ici », choix de textes
Authors: Martin-Granel Nicolas 
Published: October 2018

« Le fleuve commence ici » se présente comme un patchwork de textes d’écrivains des deux rives du Congo évoquant leur fleuve en des termes qui leur sont propres, souvent à rebours de toute influence conradienne. Ce florilège n’est pas exhaustif et se veut même une collection en devenir de textes sur le fleuve, destinée à accueillir les extraits favoris des lecteurs.
À propos de la tradition conradienne du Cœur des ténèbres comme archive internationale
Authors: Halen Pierre 
Published: October 2018

Cœur des ténèbres, œuvre à la fois britannique et très internationale, a nourri la tradition conradienne, constituée d’éléments narratifs et thématiques qui lui ont été empruntés ; dans le roman, les médias d’information ou les documentaires, dans la bande dessinée et au cinéma. Certaines de ces composantes sont des invariants d’ordre narratif, d’autres sont relatifs à l’espace, enfin il y a des thèmes plus abstraits comme celui du Diable. Le motif central du steamer, symbole du progrès, les cristallise et permet d’en lire les enjeux : au-delà de sa récupération idéologique toujours possible dans le sens du militantisme anti-colonialiste, la nouvelle apparaît ainsi comme une sorte de parabole civilisationnelle dont le cœur est l’« horreur » de l’Histoire elle-même.
Traitement et description d’un fonds photographique de presse en musée : le fonds dit « du Matin » au musée de la Résistance nationale
Authors: Demersseman Agathe 
Published: October 2018

Depuis 1987, le musée de la Résistance nationale (Champigny-sur-Marne) conserve un fonds photographique de presse, celui du quotidien Le Matin, extraordinaire tant par sa masse que par la complexité de son historique de production. S’étendant du milieu des années 1920 à la fin des années 1950, celui-ci est presque exclusivement composé de négatifs au gélatino-bromure d’argent sur plaque de verre. La conservation, l’étude et la valorisation de ce fonds – dit du Matin – ont nécessité la mise en place d’un chantier d’envergure. Complet, celui-ci a amené la structure et les équipes à s’interroger sur de multiples enjeux d’ordre à la fois scientifique (conservation, définition du niveau de description normalisée), informatique (outils de traitement documentaire, paramètres techniques de numérisation, stockage des données acquises), juridique (imbrication des droits afférents), culturel et éducatif (modalités de valorisation), ou encore financier et humain (traitement en interne ou recours à un prestataire). Cet article se veut une présentation des processus de traitement de ce fonds photographique – collection dans la collection – et des questionnements qui ont présidé aux choix méthodologiques retenus à l’échelle d’un musée associatif. Le traitement de ce fonds est réalisé en partenariat étroit avec les archives départementales de la Seine-Saint-Denis et les Archives nationales.
Constitution d’une collection, pratiques, circuit des tirages photographiques et conventionnement, le point de vue d’une agence photographique historique, Roger-Viollet (1938-2005)
Authors: Desveaux Delphine 
Published: October 2018

Fondé en 1938 par Hélène Roger et Jean Fischer, Roger-Viollet s’installe chez Laurent Ollivier, « marchand d’images » connu depuis 1880. L’emplacement répond à son environnement où se côtoient étudiants, artistes, revues et maisons d’édition, autant de clients potentiels. Fermée pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la boutique rouvre dès 1944 et le couple se lance dans les achats : fonds de studios photographiques, de photographes professionnels, amateurs, périodiques illustrés, arts graphiques, bibliophilie… le but des fondateurs est de réunir de quoi répondre à tout besoin iconographique. En digne fille d’inventeur, Hélène Roger est sensible à la propriété intellectuelle. Aussi est-il décidé de prêter les tirages et de ne céder que des droits de reproduction en fonction des utilisations qu’en font les clients. Classées sans recours à un thésaurus mais suivant une logique intellectuelle et commerciale imparable, les collections évoluent de manière organique et en suivant les demandes et évolutions de la profession d’iconographe ; menée avec une efficacité redoutable, la numérisation fera un temps de Roger-Viollet un précurseur parmi les agences historiques. Pour faire passer à la postérité et pouvoir étudier ce que furent les agences, il est indispensable de conserver dans leur intégrité des pièces très diverses dans un ordre respectant ce qui fut : vie économique, pratiques et usages, évolutions, contacts et contrats entre les acteurs du système, ouvrages produits et justificatifs… tout fait sens, et seul le tout permet de saisir les tenants et aboutissants de cette industrie qui fut lucrative.
Exposer une revue : l’exemple de Réalités (1946-1964). Maison européenne de la photographie (Paris), 16 janvier – 30 mars 2008
Authors: Mondenard Anne de 
Published: October 2018

Le propos de cet article est de retracer les enjeux qui ont présidé à la présentation de l’exposition « Réalités un mensuel illustré français (1946-1978) » à la Maison européenne de la photographie, en 2008. Créé en 1946, Réalités a pour ambition de raconter l’actualité sur un rythme mensuel. Il a cessé de paraître en 1978. Longtemps oublié, il est pourtant un des titres les plus novateurs et les plus influents des années 1950-1960. Son audience le place alors parmi les journaux les plus lus et les plus regardés en France. Le mensuel a donné une place grandissante à la photographie en recrutant des photographes comme Édouard Boubat et Jean-Philippe Charbonnier, tout en publiant les auteurs les plus actifs et talentueux de la période : Haas, Penn, Avedon, etc. Le projet de l’exposition était de rendre compte de la place prise par la photographie dans la revue, pendant les années les plus flamboyantes (1946-1964). Deux directeurs artistiques incarnent cette période : Albert Gilou (1950-1961) et son adjoint Jacques Dumons (1961-1964). En 1965, la revue change de format pour des raisons économiques. Elle est visuellement moins intéressante. L’exposition ne proposait pas des tirages des images publiées mais des photographies imprimées et mises en page, pour attirer l’attention sur des couvertures, des articles illustrés ou des doubles pages, selon une organisation et un dispositif attractifs pour le visiteur.
Divergent TCR-Initiated Calcium Signals Govern Recruitment versus Activation of Human Alloreactive Effector Memory T Cells by Endothelial Cells
Authors: Manes Thomas D. , Wang Vivian , Pober Jordan S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Early human allograft rejection can be initiated when circulating human host versus graft Ag-specific CD8 and CD4 effector memory T cells directly recognize MHC class I and II, respectively, expressed on the luminal surface by endothelium lining graft blood vessels. TCR engagement triggers both graft entry (TCR-driven transendothelial migration or TEM) and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Both TCR-driven TEM and cytokine expression are known to depend on T cell enzymes, myosin L chain kinase, and calcineurin, respectively, that are activated by cytoplasmic calcium and calmodulin, but whether the sources of calcium that control these enzymes are the same or different is unknown. Using superantigen or anti-CD3 Ab presented by cultured human dermal microvascular cells to freshly isolated peripheral blood human effector memory T cells under conditions of flow (models of alloantigen recognition in a vascularized graft), we tested the effects of pharmacological inhibitors of TCR-activated calcium signaling pathways on TCR-driven TEM and cytokine expression. We report that extracellular calcium entry via CRAC channels is the dominant contributor to cytokine expression, but paradoxically these same inhibitors potentiate TEM. Instead, calcium entry via TRPV1, L-Type Cav, and pannexin-1/P2X receptors appear to control TCR-driven TEM. These data reveal new therapeutic targets for immunosuppression.
Mitochondrial DNA content of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in ART untreated & stavudine/zidovudine treated HIV-1-infected patients
Authors: Subashini Dhakshinamoorthy , Dinesha Thongadi Ramesh , Srirama Rao B. , Boobalan Jayaseelan , Poongulali Selvamuthu , Chitra Devaraj A. , Mothi Sarvode N. , Solomon Sunil Suhas , Saravanan Shanmugam , Solomon Suniti , Balakrishnan Pachamuthu 
Published: October 2018

Background & objectives:
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are known to cause mitochondrial toxicity. This study was done to estimate mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected, NRTI treated and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients and evaluate the utility of mtDNA content as a biomarker of mitochondrial toxicity.

Methods:
mtDNA content in PBMCs of 57 HIV-infected ART untreated and 30 ART treated with stavudine (d4T) or zidovudine (AZT) containing regimen were compared against 24 low-risk healthy controls (LoRHC).

Results:
There was a significant (P=0.01) reduction in mtDNA content among HIV-infected (104; 80-135) compared to LoRHC (127; 110-167), and it was the same in both the treated (104.8; 88-130) and untreated patients (104.7; 78-142). mtDNA significantly (P=0.014) declined in ART treated patients symptomatic for toxicity (97; 74-111) than the asymptomatic patients (128; 103- 153).

Interpretation & conclusions:
mtDNA depletion in PBMCs was evident among HIV-infected individuals on ART. Moreover, as mtDNA content was reduced among the patients symptomatic for toxicity than the asymptomatic in both the HIV-infected groups, the current study supports mtDNA content of PBMCs to serve as a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by NRTI and HIV. Longitudinal studies with a large sample need to be done to confirm these findings.
Association of increased risk of asthma with elevated arginase & interleukin-13 levels in serum & rs2781666 G/T genotype of arginase I
Authors: Donthi Suhasini , Neela Venkata Sanjeev Kumar , Gaddam Sumanlatha , Mohammed Hidayath Hussain , Ansari Soheb Sadath , Valluri Vijaya Lakshmi , Sivasai Krovvidi S. R. 
Published: October 2018

Background & objectives:
High expression of arginase gene and its elevated level in serum and bronchial lavage reported in animal models indicated an association with the pathogenesis of asthma. This study was undertaken to assess the serum arginase activity in symptomatic asthma patients and healthy controls and to correlate it with cytokine levels [interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13] and arginase I (ARG1) gene polymorphism.

Methods:
Asthma was confirmed by lung function test according to the GINA guidelines in patients attending Allergy and Pulmonology Clinic, Bhagwan Mahavir Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India, a tertiary care centre, during 2013-2015. Serum arginase was analyzed using a biochemical assay, total IgE and cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and genotyping of ARG1 for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2781666 and rs60389358 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.

Results:
There was a significant two-fold elevation in the arginase activity in asthmatics as compared to healthy controls which correlated with disease severity. Non-atopic asthmatics showed elevated activity of arginase compared to atopics, indicating its possible role in intrinsic asthma. Levels of serum IL-13 and IL-4 were significantly high in asthma group which correlated with disease severity that was assessed by spirometry. A positive correlation was observed between arginase activity and IL-13 concentration. Genetic analysis of ARG1 SNPs revealed that rs2781666 G/T genotype, T allele and C-T haplotype (rs60389358 and rs2781666) were associated with susceptibility to asthma.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This study indicated that high arginase activity and IL-13 concentration in the serum and ARG1 rs2781666 G/T genotype might increase the risk of asthma in susceptible population. Further studies need to be done with a large sample to confirm these findings.
Inequity & burden of out-of-pocket health spending
Authors: Chowdhury Samik , Gupta Indrani , Trivedi Mayur , Prinja Shankar 
Published: October 2018

Background & objectives:
Numerous studies have highlighted the regressive and immiserating impact of out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending in India. However, most of these studies have explored this issue at the national or up to the State level, with an associated risk of overlooking intra-State diversities in the health system and health-seeking behaviour and their implication on the financial burden of healthcare. This study was aimed to address this issue by analyzing district level diversities in inequity, financial burden and impoverishing impact of OOP health spending.

Methods:
A household survey of 62,335 individuals from 12,134 households, covering eight districts across three States, namely Gujarat, Haryana and Rajasthan was conducted during 2014-2015. Other than general household characteristics, the survey collected information on household OOP [sum total of expenditure on doctor consultation, drugs, diagnostic tests etc. on inpatient depatment (IPD), outpatient depatment (OPD) or chronic ailments] and household monthly consumption expenditure [sum total of monthly expenditure on food, clothing, education, healthcare (OOP) and others]. Gini index of consumption expenditure, concentration index and Kakwani index (KI) of progressivity of OOP, catastrophic burden (at 20% threshold) and poverty impact (using district-level poverty thresholds) were computed, for these eight districts using the survey data. The concentration curve (of OOP expenditure) and Lorenz curve (of consumption expenditure) for the eight districts were also drawn.

Results:
The distribution of OOP was found to be regressive in all the districts, with significant inter-district variations in equity parameters within a State (KI ranges from −0.062 to −0.353). Chhota Udepur, the only tribal district within the sample was found to have the most regressive distribution (KI of −0.353) of OOP. Furthermore, the economic burden of OOP was more pronounced among the rural sample (CB of 19.2% and IM of 8.9%) compared to the urban sample (CB of 9.4% and IM of 3.7%).

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results indicate that greater decentralized planning taking into account district-level health financing patterns could be an effective way to tackle inequity and financial vulnerability emerging out of OOP expenses on healthcare.
The monsoon effect on energy and carbon exchange processes over a highland lake in the southwest of China
Authors: Du Qun , Liu Huizhi , Xu Lujun , Liu Yang , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Erhai Lake is a subtropical highland shallow lake on the southeast
margin of the Tibetan Plateau, which is influenced by both South Asian and East
Asian summer monsoons. Based on 4 years of continuous eddy covariance (EC)
data over Erhai Lake, the monsoon effect on water–atmosphere exchange
processes is investigated by comparing the energy and CO2 flux patterns and
their main drivers during pre-monsoon (March–April), monsoon (May–October)
and post-monsoon (November–December) periods. The results show that the
atmospheric properties display a large difference during the three different
periods. There is a negative difference between water surface and air
temperature (T) during the pre-monsoon period, while a positive T during
the post-monsoon period. The diurnal sensible heat flux
(Hs) is larger during
the post-monsoon period, while the latent heat flux (LE) is larger during the monsoon
period. The monthly average Hs and heat storage (Q) in the lake
remain negative during the pre-monsoon period and the early monsoon period, and
they become positive in the middle monsoon period, which indicates that the
lake absorbs heat at first and releases it subsequently. LE plays a
dominating role in the energy partitioning of the lake. The Bowen ratio is
higher during the post-monsoon period. The uptake of CO2 flux is
observed in the middle of the day during monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The
ΔT is the main driver for Hs and the effect of ΔT
is increased as timescales are extended from half-hourly to monthly. The
wind speed has a weak effect on Hs but a strong effect on LE and
CO2 fluxes. Similar main drivers for Hs are found
during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, which is also found for
CO2 flux, indicating a large impact of the monsoon on the heat and
carbon exchange processes over Erhai Lake.