bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MED28 and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) mediate matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)‐dependent cellular migration in human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells
Authors: Hsieh Nien‐Tsu , Huang Chun‐Yin , Li Chien‐Cheng , Wang I‐Ching , Lee Ming‐Fen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNon‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of the lung cancer cases that have become a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Overexpression of transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is involved in the inauspicious development of several types of cancer, including lung tumor aggressiveness. Our laboratory has previously found that MED28, a Mediator subunit for transcriptional activation, modulates cell growth, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion in human breast cancer cells. The objective of the current study is to investigate the potential role of MED28 and FOXM1 in NSCLC. In addition to A549 and PC9 cells, we also used a doxycycline‐inducible system to generate FOXM1‐overexpressed A549‐DN cells, and we explored the connection of MED28 with FOXM1 and their effect on migration. Herein, we report that the increased expression levels of both MED28 and FOXM1 elevated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), a metastasis marker, which enhanced cell migration and matrigel invasion of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, MED28 interacted with FOXM1, and both exhibited a mutual effect on the expression and subcellular localization. Moreover, MED28 small interfering RNA‐mediated MMP2 gene suppression could be attenuated by inducible expression of a constitutively active form of FOXM1, which consequently restored the migration and invasion ability of NSCLC cells. Our data indicate that MED28 interacts with FOXM1, and each affects the expression and localization of the other, and, more importantly, both regulate MMP2‐dependent migration and invasion in human lung cancer cells.
Skeletal muscle reference for Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Liu Junting , Yan Yinkun , Xi Bo , Huang Guimin , Mi Jie ,   on behalf of China Child and Adolescent Cardiovascular Health (CCACH) Study Group
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle as an essential body composition component plays an important role in maintenance of normal growth and development as well as systemic glucose metabolism in children. No nationwide reference data for skeletal muscle mass for Chinese youths are available in China. We aimed to establish the sex‐specific and age‐specific percentile reference values of skeletal muscle mass for Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsThis study consisted of 10 818 children and adolescents aged 3–17 years in Chinese urban area during 2013–15. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan was performed to measure whole body muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass. Lambda‐mu‐sigma method was used to obtain the sex‐specific and age‐specific percentile curves of muscle mass indices.ResultsOverall, whole body muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass indices showed an increasing trend with age for both sexes, with boys vs. girls having higher values of all muscle mass indices. Whole body muscle mass index in boys increased slightly before age 9 years and then increased rapidly until 15 years and slowed down thereafter, while the mean values in girls increased slightly before age 8 years, increased rapidly until 14 years and remained stable thereafter. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index increased rapidly until age 16 years and then increased slightly for boys; by contrast, for girls, the mean values increased consistently before age 14 years but showed a slightly decreasing trend after that.ConclusionsThis study established sex‐specific and age‐specific percentile reference values for skeletal muscle mass for Chinese children and adolescents aged 3–17 years. These reference values can be used to evaluate the muscular development in Chinese children and adolescents.
An improvement on the maximum number of ‐dominating independent sets
Authors: Gerbner Dániel , Keszegh Balázs , Methuku Abhishek , Patkós Balázs , Vizer Máté 
Published: November 2018

AbstractErdős and Moser raised the question of determining the maximum number of maximal cliques or, equivalently, the maximum number of maximal independent sets in a graph on vertices. Since then there has been a lot of research along these lines.A ‐dominating independent set is an independent set such that every vertex not contained in has at least neighbors in .Let denote the maximum number of ‐dominating independent sets in a graph on vertices, and let . Nagy initiated the study of .In this study, we disprove a conjecture of Nagy using a graph product construction and prove that for any even we have
urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt22422:jgt22422-math-0015We also prove that for any we have
urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt22422:jgt22422-math-0017improving the upper bound of Nagy.
Strong subgraph k‐connectivity
Authors: Sun Yuefang , Gutin Gregory , Yeo Anders , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGeneralized connectivity introduced by Hager [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 38 (1985), pp. 179–189] has been studied extensively in undirected graphs and become an established area in undirected graph theory. For connectivity problems, directed graphs can be considered as generalizations of undirected graphs. In this paper, we introduce a natural extension of generalized ‐connectivity of undirected graphs to directed graphs (we call it strong subgraph ‐connectivity) by replacing connectivity with strong connectivity. We prove NP‐completeness results and the existence of polynomial algorithms. We show that strong subgraph ‐connectivity is, in a sense, harder to compute than generalized ‐connectivity. However, strong subgraph ‐connectivity can be computed in polynomial time for semicomplete digraphs and symmetric digraphs. We also provide sharp bounds on strong subgraph ‐connectivity and pose some open questions.
High‐performance local‐dimming algorithm based on image characteristic and logarithmic function
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wang Yifei , Wu Hongying , Li Meng , Lei Zhichun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWith the emergence of high‐dynamic range (HDR) image and video, displaying an HDR image or video on a standard dynamic range displays with natural visual effect, clear details on local areas, and high‐contrast ratio has become an important issue. To achieve HDR, local‐dimming technique has been commonly practiced. In this paper, we investigate the problem of local dimming for LED‐backlight LC display to provide algorithm support for developing HDR displays. A novel local‐dimming algorithm is proposed to improve the contrast ratio, enhance the visual quality, and reduce the power consumption of the LCDs. The proposed algorithm mainly consists of two parts. The first part is a backlight luminance extraction method based on dynamic threshold and the maximum grayscale of an image block to improve the contrast ratio and reduce the power consumption. In the second one, a pixel compensation method based on logarithmic function is used to improve the visual quality and contrast ratio. At the same time, in order to better smooth the backlight diffusion at the edges of the backlight luminance signal to enhance the accuracy of the pixel compensation, we draw on the idea of BMA and improve it to establish the backlight diffusion model with different low‐pass‐filter templates for different types of blocks. Simulation and measured results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the competing ones in contrast ratio, visual quality, and power‐saving ratio.
Tourism openness, trade openness, and currency‐purchasing power in Brazil: A causality analysis
Authors: Fernandes Elton , Pacheco Ricardo Rodrigues , Fernandes Vicente Aprigliano 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the causality between tourism openness (TOOP), trade openness (TROP), and currency‐purchasing power (BRPP) in Brazil and measures the future impact of innovations. Johansen cointegration tests and vector error correction estimates support the hypothesis that there is short‐run and long‐run, one‐way Granger causality from TROP and BRPP to TOOP. Variance decomposition analysis shows a peak percent TOOP variance of 51% due to BRPP and TROP. BRPP shows as the main precedent variable to be observed for tourism planning. The analysis indicates that policymakers must consider BRPP and TROP in setting objectives for Brazilian tourism.
Identifying and reducing risks in functional endoscopic sinus surgery through a hierarchical task analysis
Authors: Corbett Mel , O'Connor Paul , Byrne Dara , Thornton Mona , Keogh Ivan 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo develop a hierarchical task listing of steps required to perform successful Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). To complete a technical and human factor analysis of tasks resulting in the identification of errors, frequency of occurrence, severity, and reduction through remediation.MethodsA triangulation of methods was used in order to derive the steps required to complete a FESS: 1) a literature review was carried out of published descriptions of FESS techniques; 2) observations of three FESS; 3) interviews with surgeons on FESS techniques. Data sets were combined to develop a task analysis of a correct approach to conducting FESS. A review by 12 surgeons, and observation of 25 FESS resulted in refinement of the task analysis. With input from five consultant surgeons and one consultant anesthetist, a Systematic Human Error Reduction and Prediction Approach (SHERPA) was used to identify the risks and mitigating steps in FESS.ResultsTen tasks and 49 subtasks required for a correct approach to completing FESS were identified based on literature review and expert consensus. A risk score for each subtask was calculated from a suitable risk matrix. Risk reduction methods at each subtask were detailed. High‐scoring subtasks were evaluated and varying strategies examined to reduce the likelihood and mitigate the impact of error. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the HTA and SHERPA approach in standardization and optimization of clinical practice in order to improve patient safety.ConclusionHierarchical Task Analysis and SHERPA are valuable tools to deconstruct expert performance and to highlight potential errors in FESS. The HTA and SHERPA approach to surgical procedures are useful learning and assessment tools for novice surgeons. The information derived offers the opportunity to improve surgical training and enhance patient safety by identifying high‐risk steps in the procedure, and how risk can be mitigated.Level of Evidence2c Outcomes Research
Effects of Ivermectin Exposure on Regeneration ofD. dorotocephalaPlanaria: Exploiting Human‐Approved Ion Channel Drugs as Morphoceuticals
Authors: Ferenc Nina N. , Levin Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTransformative applications in regenerative medicine await increased control of processes implementing repair and remodeling of complex living structures. Recent work reveals ion channel drugs as a powerful toolkit for modulating endogenous bioelectric circuits that control growth and form in vivo and in vitro. It is therefore especially important to develop assays in model systems that will enable the testing of these “morphoceuticals”—compounds with predictable effects on anatomical structure. The regenerative planaria are an ideal model system for this purpose. Several studies have shown a role for bioelectric signaling in planarian regeneration, but these have focused onDugesia japonicaandSchmidtea mediterranea. It is not known how the alterations of ion channel activity would affect regeneration in other species of planaria—an important aspect of building robust computational models of bioelectric circuits. Here, the effect of ivermectin (IVM), a chloride channel opener drug commonly used to combat heartworm is tested, on regeneration in a new species of planaria:Dugesia dorotocephala. Exposure to IVM during regeneration results in patterning abnormalities, such as bifurcated tails with partial heads, as well as delayed regeneration. These data extend our understanding of the effects of human‐approved ion channel drugs on regenerative processes.
Co‐Culture of Keratinocyte‐Staphylococcus aureus on Cu‐Ag‐Zn/CuO and Cu‐Ag‐W Nanoparticle Loaded Bacterial Cellulose:PMMA Bandages
Authors: Altun Esra , Aydogdu Mehmet Onur , Crabbe‐Mann Maryam , Ahmed Jubair , Brako Francis , Karademir Betul , Aksu Burak , Sennaroglu Muge , Eroglu Mehmet S. , Ren Guogang , Gunduz Oguzhan , Edirisinghe Mohan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPressurized gyration and its sister processes are novel methods to produce polymeric fibers. Potential applications for such fibers include wound dressings, tissue engineering scaffolds, and filters. This study reports on a pressurized gyration technique that employs pressured N2 gas to prepare biocompatible wound dressing bandages from bacterial cellulose and poly (methylmethacrylate) polymer blended with alloyed antimicrobial nanoparticles. Resulting bandages are manufactured with high product yield and characterized for their chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Increased density in solutions with additional antimicrobial nanoparticles results in increased fiber diameters. Also, addition of antimicrobial nanoparticles enhances ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of the bandages. Typical molecular bonding in the bandages is confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, with peaks that have higher intensity and narrowing points being caused by additional antimicrobial nanoparticles. More so, the cellular response to the bandages and the accompanying antimicrobial activity are studied in detail by in vitro co‐culture of Staphylococcus aureus and keratinocytes. Antimicrobial nanoparticle‐loaded bandage samples show increased cell viability and bacteria inhibition during co‐culture and are found to have a promising future as epidermal wound dressing materials.
Half‐Sandwich Metal‐Catalyzed Alkyne [2+2+2] Cycloadditions and the Slippage Span Model
Authors: Dalla Tiezza Marco , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Orian Laura 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHalf‐sandwich RhI compounds display good catalytic activity toward alkyne [2+2+2] cycloadditions. A peculiar structural feature of these catalysts is the coordination of the metal to an aromatic moiety, typically a cyclopentadienyl anion, and, in particular, the possibility to change the bonding mode easily by the metal slipping over this aromatic moiety. Upon modifying the ancillary ligands, or proceeding along the catalytic cycle, hapticity changes can be observed; it varies from η5, if the five metal–carbon distances are identical, through η3+η2, in the presence of allylic distortion, and η3, in the case of allylic coordination, to η1, if a σ metal–carbon bond forms. In this study, we present the slippage span model, derived with the aim of establishing a relationship between slippage variation during the catalytic cycle, quantified in a novel and rigorous way, and the performance of catalysts in terms of turnover frequency, computed with the energy span model. By collecting and comparing new data and data from the literature, we find that the highest performance is associated with the smallest slippage variation along the cycle.
Helical multi‐detector CT scan as a tool for diagnosing tracheomalacia in children
Authors: Douros Konstantinos , Kremmydas Gerasimos , Grammeniatis Vasilis , Papadopoulos Marios , Priftis Kostas N. , Alexopoulou Efthymia 
Published: November 2018

Background/AimsTracheomalacia (TM) is not an unusual diagnosis in pediatric respiratory clinics. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of paired static end‐inspiratory/end‐expiratory helical multi‐detector CT scan (MDCT) in detecting TM.MethodsFB was performed in 28 children suspected of TM on the grounds of presence of recurrent episodes of vibrating cough and a need for more specific diagnostic information. Children diagnosed with flexible bronchoscopy (FB) as having TM were further investigated with MDCT. The cross‐sectional area ratio of the trachea during end‐expiration and end‐inspiration, at the level of maximum end‐expiration collapse (CSR), determined the basis for the MDCT diagnosis of TM. FB and MDCT were also performed in five children who suffered from mainly dry—but not honking, barking, or vibrating—cough for more than 3 months, and served as controls.ResultsThe diagnosis of TM was established bronchoscopically in 26 out of 28 children. CRS was significantly smaller in patients (0.59 ± 0.14) compared with controls (0.85 ± 0.11) (P = 0.001). The optimal CSR cut‐off point for TM diagnosis, as it was estimated by the ROC curve, was ≤0.705 (95%CI: ≤0.635‐≤0.850) with a sensitivity 84.6% (95%CI: 65.1‐95.6), and specificity 100.0% (95%CI: 47.8‐100.0).ConclusionsMDCT can effectively diagnose TM in the majority of children and can be used as an alternative to FB. In children, the established criterion of CSR ≤0.5 should be replaced by CSR ≤0.7 that seems to be a more appropriate threshold.
Targeting genotoxic and proteotoxic stress‐response pathways in human prostate cancer by clinically available PARP inhibitors, vorinostat and disulfiram
Authors: Majera Dusana , Skrott Zdenek , Bouchal Jan , Bartkova Jirina , Simkova Dana , Gachechiladze Mariam , Steigerova Jana , Kurfurstova Daniela , Gursky Jan , Korinkova Gabriela , Cwiertka Karel , Hodny Zdenek , Mistrik Martin , Bartek Jiri 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundCastration‐resistant prostate cancer (PCa) represents a serious health challenge. Based on mechanistically‐supported rationale we explored new therapeutic options based on clinically available drugs with anticancer effects, including inhibitors of PARP1 enzyme (PARPi), and histone deacetylases (vorinostat), respectively, and disulfiram (DSF, known as alcohol‐abuse drug Antabuse) and its copper‐chelating metabolite CuET that inhibit protein turnover.MethodsDrugs and their combination with ionizing radiation (IR) were tested in various cytotoxicity assays in three human PCa cell lines including radio‐resistant stem‐cell like derived cells. Mechanistically, DNA damage repair, heat shock and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways were assessed by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting.ResultsWe observed enhanced sensitivity to PARPi/IR in PC3 cells consistent with lower homologous recombination (HR) repair. Vorinostat sensitized DU145 cells to PARPi/IR and decreased mutant p53. Vorinostat also impaired HR‐mediated DNA repair, as determined by Rad51 foci formation and downregulation of TOPBP1 protein, and overcame radio‐resistance of stem‐cell like DU145‐derived cells. All PCa models responded well to CuET or DSF combined with copper. We demonstrated that DSF interacts with copper in the culture media and forms adequate levels of CuET indicating that DSF/copper and CuET may be considered as comparable treatments. Both DSF/copper and CuET evoked hallmarks of UPR in PCa cells, documented by upregulation of ATF4, CHOP and phospho‐eIF2α, with ensuing heat shock response encompassing activation of HSF1 and HSP70. Further enhancing the cytotoxicity of CuET, combination with an inhibitor of the anti‐apoptotic protein survivin (YM155, currently undergoing clinical trials) promoted the UPR‐induced toxicity, yielding synergistic effects of CuET and YM155.ConclusionsWe propose that targeting genotoxic and proteotoxic stress responses by combinations of available drugs could inspire innovative strategies to treat castration‐resistant PCa.
The scope for low‐carbon development in Kigali, Rwanda: An economic appraisal
Authors: Colenbrander Sarah , Sudmant Andrew , Chilundika Natasha , Gouldson Andy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUrban plans and infrastructure investments in sub‐Saharan Africa need to support human and economic development, while also helping countries and cities stay within the global carbon budget. To date, however, no analyses have focused on the economic costs and benefits of pursuing less carbon‐intensive urban growth in sub‐Saharan African cities. This is significant as the perception that low‐carbon urban development is more expensive than higher‐carbon alternatives can be enough to preclude consideration of opportunities for more sustainable development, especially in highly resource‐constrained contexts. This paper examines the validity of this perception through an economic appraisal of the scope for low‐carbon development in Kigali, Rwanda. We find that the city of Kigali could theoretically invest 0.6% of its GDP each year for 10 years in economically attractive mitigation measures. This would generate annual energy savings equivalent to 1.5% of its GDP and reduce city‐scale emissions by 39% by 2032 (relative to business‐as‐usual trends). The economic case for urban climate action is therefore substantial, and although the city is in some ways unique, this suggests that promising opportunities also exist in other sub‐Saharan African cities. However, few national or local governments in the region have the political will and institutional capabilities necessary to realise this mitigation potential. We also find that although potentially significant in the short to medium term, these economically attractive measures would not be sufficient to decouple economic development and greenhouse gas emissions in Kigali in the longer term.
Translation of Earth observation data into sustainable development indicators: An analytical framework
Authors: Andries Ana , Morse Stephen , Murphy Richard , Lynch Jim , Woolliams Emma , Fonweban John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn 2015, member countries of the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals at the Sustainable Development Summit in New York. These global goals have 169 targets and 232 indicators that are based on the three pillars of sustainable development: economic, social, and environmental. Substantial challenges remain in obtaining data of the required quality, especially in developing countries, given the often limited resources available. One promising and innovative way of addressing this issue of data availability is to use Earth observation (EO). This paper presents the results of research to develop a novel analytical framework for assessing the potential of EO approaches to populate the SDG indicators. We present a Maturity Matrix Framework and apply it to all of the 232 SDG indicators. The results demonstrate that although the applicability of EO‐derived data do vary between the Sustainable Development Goal indicators, overall, EO has an important contribution to make towards populating a wide diversity of the Sustainable Development Goals indicators.