bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Quantum Photonics in χ^(2) Materials: Development, Fabrication and Their use for on-Chip Quantum Optics
Authors: Padberg Laura 
Published: October 2024

We show our development on devices that enable the realization of quantum optical applications on chip. We present the design and fabrication of devices in ferroelectric materials especially in thin-film lithium niobate.
Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Mathematical Challenges for the Theory of Hyperbolic Balance Laws in Fluid Mechanics: Complexity, Scales, Randomness
Authors: Lukáčová-Medvid’ová Mária , Rohde Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of hyperbolic balance laws is of paramount interest in the realm of fluid mechanics. Nevertheless, fundamental questions on the analysis and the numerics for distinctive hyperbolic features related to turbulent flow motion remain vastly open. Recent progress on the mathematical side reveals novel routes to face these concerns. This includes findings about the failure of the entropy principle to ensure uniqueness, the use of structure-preserving concepts in high-order numerical methods, and the advent of tailored probabilistic approaches. Whereas each of these three directions on hyperbolic modelling are of completely different origin they are all linked to small- or subscale features in the solutions which are either enhanced or depleted by the hyperbolic nonlinearity. Thus, any progress in the field might contribute to a deeper understanding of turbulent flow motion on the basis of the continuum-scale mathematical models. We present an overview on the mathematical state-of-the-art in the field and relate it to the scientific work in the DFG Priority Research Programme 2410. As such, the survey is not necessarily targeting at readers with comprehensive knowledge on hyperbolic balance laws but instead aims at a general audience of reseachers which are interested to gain an overview on the field and associated challenges in fluid mechanics.
The impact of prediabetes on preclinical atherosclerosis in general apparently healthy population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zieleniewska Natalia Anna , Jamiołkowski Jacek , Chlabicz Małgorzata , Łukasiewicz Adam , Dubatówka Marlena , Kondraciuk Marcin , Sowa Paweł , Kowalska Irina , Kamiński Karol Adam 
Published: October 2024

Background
The hypothesis that not only diagnosed diabetes (DM), but also milder dysglycemia may affect the development of atherosclerosis still requires further study. In our population-based study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of prediabetic state on preclinical atherosclerosis and whether it may affect the cardiovascular risk (CVR) in the general population.

Methods
The analysis was a part of the Bialystok PLUS cohort study and represented a random sample of Bialystok (Poland) residents aged 20–79 years at the time of sampling (July 2017-January 2023). The cross-sectional analysis included 1431 participants of a population-based study (mean age 46.82 years). Comprehensive biochemical assessments were performed. An Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was performed on fasting patients who did not report having a DM.

Results
The population with prediabetes, based on HbA1c and OGTT, accounted for more than half of the study participants (n = 797, 55.7%). Atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries were significantly more common in individuals with prediabetes considering all CVR categories. Prediabetes was associated with the occurrence of more advanced preclinical atherosclerosis, especially in the low to moderate CVR category. Serum glucose concentration after 1h and HbA1c proved to be statistically significant indicators of the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in ultrasound (respectively, AUC = 0.73 and 0.72). In multivariate logistic regression, prediabetes was independently associated with significantly increased risk of preclinical atherosclerosis (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.09–2.24), along with CVR categories, pulse wave velocity and central blood pressure augmentation index.

Conclusions
Prediabetes is associated with the occurrence and progression of the preclinical atherosclerosis. Importantly, many of those patients are in the low to moderate cardiovascular risk category, hence may have a severely underestimated risk. Inclusion of prediabetes into CVR assessment may improve risk stratification. An early identification of dysglycemic population is necessary to effectively implement the cardiovascular and metabolic prevention measures.
Effects of menstrual cycle on cognitive function, cortisol, and metabolism after a single session of aerobic exercise
Authors: Mirzaei Khalil Abadi Maryam , Hemmatinafar Mohammad , Koushkie Jahromi Maryam 
Published: October 2024

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the effects of the two pre-ovulatory and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle on cognitive function, as well as possible mediators of metabolism and salivary cortisol, at rest and after an aerobic exercise session.

Study design
Twelve active young unmarried women aged 22–30 years volunteered to participate in the study. The participants performed a 20-min exercise session on a cycle ergometer at 60–70% of their reserve heart rate twice, during the follicular (pre-ovulation: days 7–10) and luteal (mid-luteal: days 21–24) phases of the menstrual cycle. Saliva samples were collected to measure cortisol. Fat utilization, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and energy expenditure (during exercise) were measured using a spiroergometer. Cognitive function was assessed using the Stroop test. Cognitive function and cortisol levels were measured before and after each exercise session.

Results
The findings of this study indicated no significant differences in variables during the resting follicular and luteal phases. Cortisol levels and cognitive function were increased after exercise compared with before exercise in both the follicular and luteal phases. Cortisol and fat utilization after exercise were significantly higher in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase. There were no significant differences between the follicular and luteal phasesregarding the effects of exercise on cognitive function, energy expenditure, and RER.

Conclusion
In general, the follicular and luteal phases of menstruation may not affect cognitive function in response to a single aerobic exercise session, although they change some metabolic factors and cortisol.
Clinical and socioeconomic predictors of hospital use and emergency department visits among children with medical complexity: A machine learning approach using administrative data
Authors: Sidra Michael , Pietrosanu Matthew , Zwicker Jennifer , Johnson David Wyatt , Round Jeff , Ohinmaa Arto 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to identify clinical and socioeconomic predictors of hospital and ED use among children with medical complexity within 1 and 5 years of an initial discharge between 2010 and 2013. A secondary objective was to estimate marginal associations between important predictors and resource use.

Methods
This retrospective, population-cohort study of children with medical complexity in Alberta linked administrative health data with Canadian census data and used tree-based, gradient-boosted regression models to identify clinical and socioeconomic predictors of resource use. Separate analyses of cumulative numbers of hospital days and ED visits modeled the probability of any resource use and, when present, the amount of resource use. We used relative importance in each analysis to identify important predictors.

Results
The analytic sample included 11 105 children with medical complexity. The best short- and long-term predictors of having a hospital stay and number of hospital days were initial length of stay and clinical classification. Initial length of stay, residence rurality, and other socioeconomic factors were top predictors of short-term ED use. The top predictors of ED use in the long term were almost exclusively socioeconomic, with rurality a top predictor of number of ED visits. Estimates of marginal associations between initial length of stay and resource use showed that average number of hospital days increases as initial length of stay increases up to approximately 90 days. Children with medical complexity living in rural areas had more ED visits on average than those living in urban or metropolitan areas.

Conclusions
Clinical factors are generally better predictors of hospital use whereas socioeconomic factors are more predictive of ED use among children with medical complexity in Alberta. The results confirm existing literature on the importance of socioeconomic factors with respect to health care use by children with medical complexity.
First-year evaluation of a campus-wide, cross-disciplinary scholarly writing development program supported by a center for biomedical research excellence (COBRE)
Authors: Franks Amy M. , Teeter Benjamin S. , Davis Payton , Allred Mallory , Landes Reid D. , Koturbash Igor , Weber Judith 
Published: October 2024

Background
Scholarly publications are important indicators of research productivity and investigator development in Centers of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBREs). However, no information is available to describe implementation and evaluation of writing development programs within COBREs. Therefore, this paper aimed to evaluate the first year of a campus-wide COBRE-supported writing program.

Methods
A convergent parallel mixed-methods design (QUAN + QUAL) was used. All writing program participants were invited to complete post-participation surveys, and a subgroup was selected using purposive sampling to complete individual semi-structured interviews. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize survey data, and qualitative content analysis was employed to analyze interview data. Self-determination theory served as the theoretical framework by which themes were developed and interpreted.

Results
Professional staff, post-doctoral fellows, and faculty from all academic ranks (n = 29) participated in the writing program during its first year. Survey respondents (n = 18, response rate 62%) rated social support (89%), group accountability (89%), hearing group members’ writing goals (78%), receiving group advice (67%), and setting a weekly writing schedule (56%) as beneficial program components. Participants rated program benefits such as breaking away from other responsibilities, staying on task with writing goals, and receiving social support as most beneficial. During interviews, participants (n = 14) described five major themes related to the benefits received: 1) belonging to a community of writers; 2) managing writing-related emotions; 3) improved productivity; 4) establishing helpful writing habits; and 5) improved motivation for scholarly writing.

Conclusions
This first-year programmatic evaluation demonstrates the writing program’s effectiveness as a campus-level development resource supported by a research center. Both survey and interview data affirmed that participants perceived autonomy, competence, and relatedness were supported through participation in the writing program. Participants placed particular emphasis on the writing program’s successful development of a community of scholarly writers.
Cancer Risks in Attenuated and Classical Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: A Nationwide Cohort With Matched, Nonexposed Individuals
Authors: Beck Søren Hammershøj , Karstensen John Gásdal , Bülow Steffen , Andersen Klaus Kaae , Hansen Thomas van Overeem , Højen Helle , Jespersen Niels , Kuhlmann Tine Plato , Pommergaard Hans Christian , Wewer Mads Damsgaard , Wullum Laus , Jelsig Anne Marie , Burisch Johan 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is caused by pathogenic variants in the APC gene. FAP is usually categorized according to phenotype: classical FAP (CFAP) and attenuated FAP (AFAP); the latter is considered to have a milder disease course. We aimed to assess the risk of overall and specific cancers in patients with CFAP and AFAP compared with matched, nonexposed individuals.

METHODS:
All known Danish patients with FAP were classified as either CFAP or AFAP and assigned 4 matched, nonexposed individuals. The risk of overall and specific cancers, and mortality were analyzed.

RESULTS:
The analysis included 311 patients with CFAP, 134 patients with AFAP, and 1,600 nonexposed individuals. The overall cancer risk was significantly higher for both patients with CFAP and AFAP than for nonexposed individuals, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 4.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.61–6.32; P < 0.001) for CFAP and 3.22 (95% CI, 2.16–4.80; P < 0.001) for AFAP. No significant difference was observed when comparing CFAP and AFAP (HR = 1.48; 95% CI, 0.98–2.25; P = 0.0646). The HR of colonic cancer was 2.16 (95% CI, 0.99–7.72; P = 0.0522) and 2.72 (95% CI, 1.19–6.22; P = 0.0177 for CFAP and AFAP), respectively, compared with nonexposed and did not differ between patients with CFAP and AFAP (HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.32–2.00; P = 0.6278). Mortality was significantly higher in CFAP (HR = 2.96; 95% CI, 2.04–4.28; P < 0.001), but not in AFAP (HR = 1.40; 95% CI, 0.73–2.69; P = 0.311).

DISCUSSION:
Nationwide data reveal differing risk profiles for specific cancers and mortality in AFAP and CFAP compared with nonexposed individuals. The cancer burden of AFAP necessitates consistent monitoring of these patients.
Evaluation of revised UK-NEQAS CSF-xanthochromia method for subarachnoid hemorrhage: outcome data provide evidence for clinical value
Authors: Sam Khin Moe , Schneider Hans G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has a high morbidity and mortality and requires prompt diagnosis. In patients with negative findings on computed-tomogram of the brain (CT-Brain) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-xanthochromia is considered the test of choice if performed 12 h or more after symptom onset. We audited the accuracy, usefulness and timing of CSF-xanthochromia testing and the interpretation of equivocal CSF-xanthochromia findings. We also investigated mortality outcomes for defined subsets of patients.

Methods
A retrospective audit of CSF-xanthochromia tests over 8 years was performed. The service uses the revised UK-NEQAS (United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service) method.

Results
We analysed 543 cases (F=299, median age 44yrs) with 19 cases (3.5 %) having SAH. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CSF-xanthochromia testing were 100 , 98.1, 65.9, 100 % respectively (equivocal results were counted as positives). 280 cases (F=153, median age 43yrs) had LP performed more than 24 h after the onset of headache (median time to LP=72 h). The sensitivity and specificity of the CSF-xanthochromia were 100 and 97.4 % in this group with NPV 100 % and PPV 66.6 %. 183 (65.4 %) CSF-xanthochromia negative cases in this subgroup had follow up data and survived without SAH occurring in the 12 months follow up.

Conclusions
In this study, supported by followup outcome data, we show that CSF-xanthochromia testing using the revised UK-NEQAS method is fit-for-purpose for the use as a second line test to exclude SAH in patients with negative CT-brain including delayed presentation more than 24 h after headache onset.
Contemporary prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease in a regional perinatal center lacking onsite pediatric cardiac surgery: obstetrical and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Elkafrawi Deena , Passafiume Danielle , Blomgren Michelle , Parker Pamela , Gross Steven , Smith Frank , Silverman Robert , Mastrogiannis Dimitrios 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Determine obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in neonates with major congenital heart disease (CHD) delivered at a level IV neonatal intensive care units (NICU) center lacking onsite pediatric cardiac surgery.

Methods
A 10-year retrospective review of all neonates admitted to our level IV NICU, with CHD between January 1st, 2011 and December 31st, 2021. Births and NICU charts were cross queried with those from our perinatal center which include pediatric cardiology records. Terminations and stillbirths were excluded.

Results
A total of 285 neonates with major CHD and 78 with minor defects were included. In the major CHD group, 82.8 % had an isolated cardiac anomaly and 17.2 % had an extracardiac anomaly. Type of extracardiac anomaly had no impact on neonatal survival. Prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy did not impact survival in major CHD. Truncus arteriosus had the highest NICU mortality at 34.0 % followed by hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) at 31.6 %. Double outlet right ventricle with transposition of the great vessels and interrupted aortic arch (both types) had a 25 % mortality. Neonates with truncus arteriosus and total anomalous pulmonary venous returns were likely to have 5-min Apgar score<7. Transfer rate of neonates with major CHD for cardiac surgery was 58.6 %. Of those 81.5 % were discharged home, 14.3 % expired before discharge, and 1 % were transferred elsewhere post-operatively for higher level of care.

Conclusions
Neonates with major CHD can deliver safely at a level IV NICU lacking onsite pediatric cardiac surgery. Our neonatal mortality was high for HLHS and truncus arteriosus, however comparable to other centers with proximate pediatric cardiac surgery.
Adverse perinatal outcomes related to pregestational obesity or excessive weight gain in pregnancy
Authors: Oliveira Antonia A.D. , Grabovski Tassiana C.M. , Renzo Carla C. , Carvalho Leonardo S. , Nerbass Fabiana B. , Silva Jean C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate outcomes related to pregestational obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

Methods
This retrospective cohort was conducted from August to December 2020. Participants were divided into four groups: non-obese with non-excessive weight gain (n=765, 45.9 %), obese with non-excessive weight gain (n=190, 11.4 %), non-obese with excessive weight gain (n=532, 31.9 %), and obese with excessive weight gain (n=179, 10.7 %). The outcomes were evaluated for gestational diabetes (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), newborn large for gestational age (LGA) and cesarean delivery. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results
The odds of GDM were significant in groups 2 (CR, 3.6; 95 %CI, 2.5–5.2) and 4 (CR,1.9; 95 %CI, 1.3–2.9). The odds of PIH in groups 3 (CR, 1.7; 95 %CI, 1–2.6) and 4 (CR,3.1; 95 %CI, 1.9–5.2) and those of LGA newborns in groups 2 (CR, 2.0; 95 %CI, 1.2–3.3), 3 (CR, 2.6; 95 %CI, 1.9–3.7), and 4 (CR, 3.2; 95 %CI, 2–5) were high.

Conclusions
The odds of GDM were higher in participants with pregestational obesity, while the odds of PIH were higher in participants with excessive weight gain. All groups analyzed, except the reference group, had greater chances of LGA newborns. the form of delivery was not affected.
The effect of COVID-19 lockdown on admission rates in Maternity Hospital
Authors: Al-Harmi Jehad Abdullah , Alsannan Baydaa , Alhadhoud Fatemah , Akbar Zahraa , Alazmi Eman , AlMuzayen Khaled , Hussain Eelaf , Aldarweesh Mariam , Pecorino Basilio , Laganà Antonio Simone , D’Amato Antonio , Agrifoglio Vittorio , Etrusco Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic had adverse health outcomes on individuals and communities. In this cross-sectional study we evaluated the admission rates in a tertiary-level hospital during the first wave of the pandemic (March 22, 2020 to August 31, 2020).

Methods
We compared the indications for admission during the first wave of the pandemic to a control period prior to the lockdown (November 9, 2019 to March 22, 2020).

Results
Most hospital admissions during the curfew period were obstetric emergencies (46.88%), which were significantly higher than the control group (38.19%) p ≤ 0.0001. Among the obstetric emergencies, cases in active labor (65.63%) were dominant. Significant rises in car deliveries (2.46%, p ≤ 0.0001) and admissions during the second stage of labor (6.43%, p ≤ 0.001) were noted. There was also an increased rate of admissions for early pregnancy complications, induction of labor, elective obstetric cases, and medical obstetric cases.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that lockdown precautions implemented had a significant impact on the rate of admissions to Maternity Hospital. The data obtained may be a used to aid in designing robust policies for future pandemics to avoid adverse health outcomes.
Large-scale high purity and brightness structural color generation in layered thin film structures via coupled cavity resonance
Authors: Wang Danyan , Ji Chengang , Li Moxin , Xing Zhenyu , Gao Hao , Li Xiaochan , Zhou Huixian , Hu Yuhui , Lin Zhelin , Zhang Cheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Structural colors, resulting from the interaction of light with nanostructured materials rather than pigments, present a promising avenue for diverse applications ranging from ink-free printing to optical anti-counterfeiting. Achieving structural colors with high purity and brightness over large areas and at low costs is beneficial for many practical applications, but still remains a challenge for current designs. Here, we introduce a novel approach to realizing large-scale structural colors in layered thin film structures that are characterized by both high brightness and purity. Unlike conventional designs relying on single Fabry–Pérot cavity resonance, our method leverages coupled resonance between adjacent cavities to achieve sharp and intense transmission peaks with significantly suppressed sideband intensity. We demonstrate this approach by designing and experimentally validating transmission-type red, green, and blue colors using an Ag/SiO2/Ag/SiO2/Ag configuration on fused silica substrate. The measured spectra exhibit narrow resonant linewidths (full width at half maximum ∼60 nm), high peak efficiencies (>40 %), and well-suppressed sideband intensities (∼0 %). In addition, the generated color can be easily tuned by adjusting the thickness of SiO2 layer, and the associated color gamut coverage shows a wider range than many existing standards. Moreover, the proposed design method is versatile and compatible with various choices of dielectric and metallic layers. For instance, we demonstrate the production of angle-robust structural colors by utilizing high-index Ta2O5 as the dielectric layer. Finally, we showcase a series of printed color images based on the proposed structures. The coupled-cavity-resonance architecture presented here successfully mitigates the trade-off between color brightness and purity in conventional layered thin film structures and provides a novel and cost-effective route towards the realization of large-scale and high-performance structural colors.
Crystal structure of (−)-flavesine H, C15H22N2O2
Authors: Peng Kai , Luo Ding , Wang Guang-cun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
C15H22N2O2, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 8.4853(2) Å, b = 19.5759(4) Å, c = 9.0640(2) Å, β = 106.845(2)°, V = 1441.00(6) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.00374, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0991, T = 150 K.