bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards understanding young children’s digital lives in China and Australia
Authors: Gou He , Dezuanni Michael 
Published: July 2018

This article develops insights and generates new lines of inquiry into young children’s digital lives in China and Australia. It brings to dialogue findings from a national study of young children's digital media use in urban settings in China with findings from studies in Australia. This is not presented as a direct comparison, but rather as an opportunity to shed light on children’s digital lives in two countries and to account for the impact of context in relatively different social and cultural circumstances. The article outlines findings from a study of 1,171 preschool-aged children (3 to 7-year-olds) in six provinces in China, including the frequency of their use of television, early education digital devices, computers, tablet computers and smartphones, music players, e-readers and games consoles. It also focuses on various activities such as watching cartoons, using educational apps, playing games and participating in video chat. Methods included a multistage sampling process, random selection of kindergartens, a weighted sampling process, the generation of descriptive data and the use of linear regression analysis, and a chi-square test. The study demonstrates the significance of a range of factors that influence the amount of time spent with digital media. The contrast with Australian studies produces new insights and generates new research questions.
Este artículo desarrolla ideas y genera nuevas líneas de investigación sobre las vidas digitales de los niños en China y Australia, en discusión con las conclusiones de estudios nacionales sobre el uso de los medios digitales por parte de los niños en entornos urbanos en China y Australia. El trabajo gira en torno al mundo digital de los niños en los dos países, analizando el impacto del contexto en ámbitos sociales y culturales significativamente diferentes. El estudio abarca una muestra de 1.171 niños de 3 a 7 años, de seis provincias de China, presentando la frecuencia de uso de televisión, dispositivos digitales en la educación temprana, ordenadores, tabletas y teléfonos inteligentes, reproductores de música, libros electrónicos y videoconsolas. También se enfoca en diversas actividades como ver dibujos animados, usar aplicaciones educativas, jugar a videojuegos y participar en videollamadas. Los métodos incluyeron un proceso de muestreo multietapa, con selección aleatoria de jardines infantiles, un proceso de muestreo ponderado, la generación de datos descriptivos y el uso del análisis de regresión lineal, y una prueba de chi-cuadrado. El estudio demuestra la importancia del rango de factores que influyen en la cantidad de tiempo que pasan con los medios digitales. El contraste con los estudios australianos produce nuevos conocimientos y genera nuevas preguntas de investigación.
University training on entrepreneurship in communication and journalism business projects
Authors: Aceituno-Aceituno Pedro , Casero-Ripollés Andreu , Escudero-Garzás José-Joaquín , Bousoño-Calzón Carlos 
Published: July 2018

The current scenario of crisis and change has prompted the idea of entrepreneurship as a way to develop new media business models that can be promoted by university training. In this study, we aim to assess the effects of such training. A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews of Spanish journalism and communication entrepreneurs who have undergone university training in business creation and management. Our results show the positive effects of this training on entrepreneurship both in general and on specific aspects of entrepreneurial projects such as organization, business plan/model, marketing, innovation, social aspects and quality of life. Different patterns between the effects of university training on new initiatives and advanced projects were also observed. In this respect, the training supported the creation of new businesses and the development of existing ones. Finally, the suggestions for improving training and the limitations to entrepreneurship have revealed the importance of providing this type of education with a more practical, up-to-date approach that is interconnected with the business and university world. Therefore, examples of this work can be of vital importance in opening up new opportunities for sector development to enable future generations of journalists to fulfill their important social function.
El escenario actual de crisis y cambios ha llevado a pensar en el emprendimiento como una nueva vía para el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de negocio en los medios de comunicación, que puede ser fomentado por la formación universitaria. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar los efectos de dicha formación, para lo que se ha desarrollado una investigación cualitativa basada en entrevistas en profundidad entre emprendedores españoles de periodismo y comunicación que han recibido formación universitaria en creación y gestión de empresas. Los resultados muestran el efecto positivo de esta formación sobre el emprendimiento en general y también sobre aspectos concretos de los proyectos empresariales: organización, plan/modelo de negocio, marketing, innovación, aspectos sociales y calidad de vida. También, se han observado diferentes pautas entre los efectos obtenidos para las nuevas iniciativas y para los proyectos avanzados. En este sentido, la formación ha apoyado la creación de los nuevos negocios. Por último, las sugerencias para mejorar la formación y las limitaciones al emprendimiento aportadas han revelado la importancia de dotar a este tipo de educación de mayor carácter práctico, actualizado e interconectado con el mundo empresarial y universitario. Por ello, los ejemplos de este trabajo pueden resultar de vital importancia para abrir nuevas oportunidades al desarrollo del sector que permitan a las futuras generaciones de periodistas cumplir su importante función social.
Role of Omalizumab in Refractory Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: Singh Gautam Kumar , Chatterjee Manas , Verma Rajesh 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Multiple evidence have shown that omalizumab, a subcutaneous (SC) anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, is highly effective for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).

Objective:
The objective is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of omalizumab administered 300 mg SC 1st month followed by 150 mg every month for another 5 months in cases of refractory CSU in a routine clinical setting.

Materials and Methods:
This was open-label, prospective, pilot study to know the efficacy and safety profile of omalizumab administered 300 mg SC first 1st month followed by 150 mg every month for another five 5 months in refractory CSU. The study was conducted at tertiary center in routine clinical setting. The primary efficacy evaluation was a change in Urticaria Activity Score-7 (UAS-7) and Urticaria Control Test (UCT) from baseline.

Results:
A total of 13 patients (7 females and 6 males) were enrolled in the study with the mean age of 35 years, having CSU from the mean duration of 3.15 years. Mean UAS-7 of patients decreased from 31.62 at baseline to 6.85 after the first dose of omalizumab treatment. This further reduced to 2.31 after 6 months (P = 0.001). Mean UCT increased from 4.46 at baseline to 13.92 after 1 month and further increased to 14.85 after 6 months (P = 0.001). A total of 11 patients (84.6%) achieved complete remission.

Conclusion:
Injection omalizumab is safe and highly effective therapy for refractory CSU in the routine clinical setting. It can be made cost effective without compromising the efficacy in resource-poor country of Indian subcontinent if barring first dose other can be halved of recommended dose. However, small number of patients, uncontrolled study and lack of long-term follow-up data are the limitations of the study.
An analysis of the cloud environment over the Ross Sea and Ross Ice Shelf using CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite observations: the importance of synoptic forcing
Authors: Jolly Ben , Kuma Peter , McDonald Adrian , Parsons Simon 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We use the 2B-GEOPROF-LIDAR R04 (2BGL4) and R05 (2BGL5) products and the
2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR R04 (2BCL4) product, all generated by combining CloudSat
radar and CALIPSO lidar satellite measurements with auxiliary data, to
examine the vertical distribution of cloud occurrence around the Ross Ice
Shelf (RIS) and Ross Sea region. We find that the 2BGL4 product, used in
previous studies in this region, displays a discontinuity at 8.2 km
which is not observable in the other products. This artefact appears to
correspond to a change in the horizontal and vertical resolution of the
CALIPSO dataset used above this level. We then use the 2BCL4 product to
examine the vertical distribution of cloud occurrence, phase, and type over
the RIS and Ross Sea. In particular we examine how synoptic conditions in the
region, derived using a previously developed synoptic classification, impact
the cloud environment and the contrasting response in the two regions. We
observe large differences between the cloud occurrence as a function of
altitude for synoptic regimes relative to those for seasonal variations.
A stronger variation in the occurrence of clear skies and multi-layer cloud
and in all cloud type occurrences over both the Ross Sea and RIS is
associated more
with synoptic type than seasonal composites. In addition, anomalies from the
mean joint histogram of cloud top height against thickness display
significant differences over the Ross Sea and RIS sectors as a function of
synoptic regime, but are near identical over these two regions when
a seasonal analysis is completed. However, the frequency of particular phases
of cloud, notably mixed phase and water, is much more strongly modulated by
seasonal than synoptic regime compositing, which suggests that temperature is
still the most important control on cloud phase in the region.
Impact of humidity biases on light precipitation occurrence: observations versus simulations
Authors: Bastin Sophie , Drobinski Philippe , Chiriaco Marjolaine , Bock Olivier , Roehrig Romain , Gallardo Clemente , Conte Dario , Dominguez-Alonso Marta , Li Laurent , Lionello Piero , Parracho Ana C. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. This work uses a network of GPS stations over Europe from which a homogenised integrated water vapor (IWV) dataset has been retrieved, completed with colocated temperature and precipitation measurements over specific stations to i) estimate the biases of six regional climate models over Europe in terms of humidity; ii) understand their origins; iii) and finally assess the impact of these biases on the frequency of occurrence of precipitation. The evaluated simulations have been performed in the framework of HYMEX/Med-CORDEX programs and cover the Mediterranean area and part of Europe at horizontal resolutions of 50 to 12 km. The analysis shows that models tend to overestimate the low values of IWV and the use of the nudging technique reduces the differences between GPS and simulated IWV. Results suggest that physics of models mostly explain the mean biases, while dynamics affects the variability. The land surface/atmosphere exchanges affect the estimation of IWV over most part of Europe, especially in summer. The limitations of the models to represent these processes explain part of their baises in IWV. However, models correctly simulate the dependance between IWV and temperature, and specifically the deviation that this relationship experiences regarding the Clausius-Clapeyron law after a critical value of temperature (Tbreak). The high spatial variability of Tbreak indicates that it has a strong dependence on local processes which drive the local humidity sources. This explains why the maximum values of IWV are not necessarely observed over warmer area, that are often dry area. Finally, it is shown over SIRTA observatory (near Paris) that the frequency of occurrence of light precipitation is strongly conditioned by the biases in IWV and by the precision of the models to reproduce the distribution of IWV as a function of the temperature. The results of the models indicate that a similar dependence occurs in other areas of Europe, especially where precipitation has a predominantly convective character. According to the observations, for each range of temperature, there is a critical value of IWV from which precipitation picks up. The critical values and the probability to exceed them are simulated with a bias that depends on the model. Those models which present too often light precipitation generally show lower critical values and higher probability to exceed them.
Long-term response of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming via physical and biological pumps
Authors: Yamamoto Akitomo , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Yamanaka Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Global warming is expected to significantly decrease oceanic carbon uptake and therefore increase atmospheric CO2 and global warming. The primary reasons given in previous studies for such changes in the oceanic carbon uptake are the solubility reduction due to seawater warming and changes in the ocean circulation and biological pump. However, the quantitative contributions of different processes to the overall reduction in ocean uptake are still unclear. In this study, we investigated multi-millennium responses of oceanic carbon uptake to global warming and quantified the contributions of the physical and biological pumps to these responses using an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model and a biogeochemical model. We found that global warming reduced oceanic CO2 uptake by 13 % (30 %) in the first 140 years (after 2000 model years), consistent with previous studies. Our sensitivity experiments showed that this reduction is primarily driven by changes in the organic matter cycle via ocean circulation change and solubility change due to seawater warming. These results differ from most previous studies, in which circulation changes and solubility change from seawater warming are the dominant processes. The weakening of biological production and carbon export induced by circulation change and lower nutrient supply, diminishes the vertical DIC gradient and substantially reduces the CO2 uptake. The weaker deep-ocean circulation decreases the downward transport of CO2 from the surface to the deep ocean, leading to a drop in CO2 uptake in high-latitude regions. Conversely, weaker equatorial upwelling reduces the upward transport of natural CO2 and therefore enhances the CO2 uptake in low-latitude regions. Because these effects cancel each other out, circulation change plays only a small direct role in the reduction of CO2 uptake due to global warming but a large indirect role through nutrient transport and biological processes.
Review article: Detection of inundation areas due to the 2015 Kanto and Tohoku torrential rain in Japan based on multi-temporal ALOS-2 imagery
Authors: Liu Wen , Yamazaki Fumio 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Torrential rain triggered by two typhoons hit the Kanto and
Tohoku regions of Japan from 9 to 11 September 2015. Due to the record-breaking
amount of rainfall, several riverbanks were overflowed and destroyed,
causing floods over wide areas. The PALSAR-2 sensor on board the ALOS-2
satellite engaged in emergency observations of the affected areas during and
after the heavy rain. Two pre-event and three co-event PALSAR-2 images were
employed in this study to extract flooded areas in the city of Joso, Ibaraki
Prefecture. The backscattering coefficient of the river water was
investigated first using the PALSAR-2 intensity images and a land-cover map
with a 10 m resolution. The inundation areas were then extracted by setting
threshold values for backscattering from water surfaces in the three temporal
synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The extracted results were modified by
considering the land cover and a digital elevation model (DEM). Next, the
inundated built-up urban areas were extracted from the changes in SAR
backscattering. The results were finally compared with those from visual
inspections of airborne imagery by the Geospatial Information Authority of
Japan (GSI), and more than 85 % of the maximum inundation areas were
extracted successfully.
Application of a physically based model to forecast shallow landslides at a regional scale
Authors: Salvatici Teresa , Tofani Veronica , Rossi Guglielmo , D'Ambrosio Michele , Tacconi Stefanelli Carlo , Masi Elena Benedetta , Rosi Ascanio , Pazzi Veronica , Vannocci Pietro , Petrolo Miriana , Catani Filippo , Ratto Sara , Stevenin Hervè , Casagli Nicola 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In this work, we apply a physically based model, namely the
HIRESSS (HIgh REsolution Slope Stability Simulator) model, to forecast the
occurrence of shallow landslides at the regional scale. HIRESSS is a physically
based distributed slope stability simulator for analyzing shallow landslide
triggering conditions during a rainfall event. The modeling software is made up of two
parts: hydrological and geotechnical. The hydrological model is based on an
analytical solution from an approximated form of the Richards equation, while
the geotechnical stability model is based on an infinite slope model that
takes the unsaturated soil condition into account. The test area is a portion
of the Aosta Valley region, located in the northwest of the Alpine mountain chain. The
geomorphology of the region is characterized by steep slopes with elevations
ranging from 400 m a.s.l. on the Dora Baltea River's floodplain to
4810 m a.s.l. at Mont Blanc. In the study area, the mean annual
precipitation is about 800–900 mm. These features make the territory
very prone to landslides, mainly shallow rapid landslides and rockfalls.
In order to apply the model and to increase its reliability, an in-depth
study of the geotechnical and hydrological properties of hillslopes
controlling shallow landslide formation was conducted. In particular, two
campaigns of on site measurements and laboratory experiments were performed
using 12 survey points. The data collected contributed to the generation of an input map
of parameters for the HIRESSS model. In order to consider the effect of
vegetation on slope stability, the soil reinforcement due to the presence of
roots was also taken into account; this was done based on vegetation maps and
literature values of root cohesion. The model was applied using back analysis
for two past events that affected the Aosta Valley region between 2008 and
2009, triggering several fast shallow landslides. The validation of the
results, carried out using a database of past landslides, provided good
results and a good prediction accuracy for the HIRESSS model from both a
temporal and spatial point of view.
The Preferred User: How Audio Description could Change Understandings of Australian Television Audiences and Media Technology
Authors: Ellis Katie , Kent Mike , Locke Kathryn 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Audio description continues to be unavailable on broadcast television in Australia, despite the technological capabilities to provide it and the existence of a federally funded back catalogue or ‘secret library’ of audio described television content. This paper reveals findings into both the amount of audio described content that has been created but not made available to television audiences, while also reviewing existing innovative platforms for audio description, such as the app BAM-Describe. It contextualises these findings in an overview of the history of audio description in and outside of Australia, highlighting key technological and policy changes. Evoking theories of the preferred user and how this understanding of television audiences addresses disability, we argue that different interpretations of how audio description can be delivered, determined through a process of interpretive flexibility (and continued industry creativity and innovation) may finally shift the stagnating discussions around audio description provision, and thus ultimately change the accessibility of television for the blind and vision impaired.
Understanding Open Knowledge in China: A Chinese Approach to Openness?
Authors: Montgomery Lucy , Ren Xiang 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the development of open knowledge in China through two case studies: the development of Chinese open access (OA) journals, and national-level OA repositories. Open access and open knowledge are emerging as a site of both grass-roots activism, and top-down intervention in the practices of scholarship and scholarly publishing in China. Although the language, vision and strategies of the global open knowledge movement are undoubtedly present, so too are the messy realities of open access and open knowledge innovation in a local context. In attempting to position open access developments in China within a diverse and contested global landscape of open knowledge innovation we draw on Moore’s (2017) conception of open access as a boundary object: an object that is understood differently within individual communities but which maintains enough structure to be understood between communities (Moore 2017; Star and Griesemer 1989). Viewed as a boundary object, the concept of open knowledge is making it possible for China to engage with the global open knowledge movement, as a beneficiary of the innovation of others, and as an open knowledge innovator in its own right.
What Hope for Open Knowledge? Productive (Armed) vs. Connective (Tribal) Knowledge and Staged Conflict
Authors: Hartley John 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The paper distinguishes between two kinds of knowledge, productive or armed knowledge and connective or tribal knowledge, which it traces back to pre-modern antagonisms. It argues that open knowledge depends on a new ‘agonistic’ synthesis of these types. The aim is partly to show that culture is primary in determining what knowledge means and who gets to share it; and partly to compare formal knowledge institutions (especially universities) with informal knowledge systems (language and social media). Can knowledge ever be open if it is either armed or wild? If so, then how should we model openness? I suggest that situating knowledge in language, performance and play, rather than property and productivity, offers a way forward.
Editorial: Relaunching Cultural Science
Authors: Hartley John 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Cultural Science Journal is delighted to announce our successful migration to the Ubiquity Press platform. We are now ready to publish submissions received during 2018, which will comprise Volume 10 of the journal. We begin with several papers on the theme of ‘open knowledge’ and will add new papers on all topics as they are accepted. Each volume of the relaunched Cultural Science Journal will be cumulative over the year, so that work will be published in a timely manner once it is reviewed, revised and accepted, without having to wait for an issue. We are planning for 12 articles per annum to begin with, and are also open to reviews and commentary as well as research. Initially, the costs of publishing Open Access are borne by the Centre for Culture & Technology (CCAT) at Curtin University. In later volumes, we will encourage authors to seek funding from their own institutions to support publication of their articles. We hope to support the journal through events such as research workshops and conferences.