bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thermal Annealings and Cooling Methods on Electrophysical Parameters of n Si Doped with Phosphorus Impurity Via the Melt and by Nuclear Transmutation Technique
Authors: Gaidar G. P. 
Published: April 2018

The effect of the different regimes of heat treatment on the kinetics of electronic processes in silicon crystals doped with phosphorus impurity via the melt and by nuclear transmutation technique. The most significant influence of cooling under intermediate value of cooling rate (ucl » 15 оС/min) after high-temperature annealing on the main electrophysical parameters of the transmutation-doped n‑Si áPñ crystals was established. Features of changes of the anisotropy parameters of mobility and thermal electromotive force measured on silicon crystals of different doping techniques both in the initial state, and after high-temperature annealing when using different cooling rates, were found and explained.
A Multicomponent Early Intervention Program and Trajectories of Behavior, Cognition, and Health
Authors: Côté Sylvana M. , Orri Massimiliano , Tremblay Richard E. , Doyle Orla 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVES:To investigate the developmental impact of a prenatal–to–age-5 multicomponent early intervention program targeting families living in low socioeconomic conditions.METHODS:Pregnant women from a disadvantaged Irish community were randomly assigned into a treatment group (home visits, baby massage, and parenting program; n = 115) or control group (n = 118). Children’s behavioral problems (externalizing, internalizing), cognitive skills (general, vocabulary), and health service use (number of health clinic visits), were regularly assessed (6 months to 4 years of age). Children’s developmental trajectories were modeled by using latent class growth analyses to test whether certain subgroups benefited more than others.RESULTS:High and low developmental trajectories were identified for each outcome. Treated children were more likely to follow the high-level trajectory for cognition (odds ratio = 2.89; 95% confidence interval = 1.55–5.50) and vocabulary skills (odds ratio = 2.02; 95% confidence interval = 1.08–3.82). There were no differences by treatment condition in the risk of belonging to a high externalizing or high health clinic visit trajectory. However, within the high externalizing trajectory, treated children had lower scores than controls (Hedges’ g range (2–4 years) = 0.45–0.58; P &lt; .05) and, within the high health clinic visit trajectory, only children in the control group experienced an increasing number of visits.CONCLUSIONS:This program revealed moderate positive impacts on trajectories of cognitive development and number of health clinic visits for all children, whereas positive impacts on externalizing behavior problems were restricted to children with the most severe problems.
Productive longevity of cows of dairy breeds depending on the duration of their first service period
Authors: Babik N. P. 
Published: April 2018

Recently, in the breeding and commodity farms of our country can be observed a rapid decrease in the duration of productive use dairy cattle. A considerable amount of scientific researches are conducted on the effects of hereditary and environmental factors on productive indicators longevity, researches are done on various ways to increase durability productive use of dairy cattle. In this aspect, reproductive ability of cows is important, which must be taken into account while individual estimation for the next selection of the most valuable animals that combine high milk productivity with high fertility. Therefore, the goal of our research was to study the productive longevity of dairy cows depending on the duration of their first service period and find the optimal duration of this indicator for a particular breed. The research was carried out on cows of Holstein, Ukrainian Black-and-White and Red-and-White breeds. Retrospective analysis of duration and the effectiveness of life-time use of cows was carried out according to the method Yu P. Polupan (2010). It was found that average duration of the first service-period of cows was 167.7 days on the studied Holstein populations, 180.3 – on the Ukrainian Black-and-White and Ukrainian Red-and-White – 142.1 days. The longest duration of life, productive use, lactations and the highest milk yields had cows with the duration of the first service period of 121–150 days among the Holstein breed, 151–180 – Ukrainian Black-and-White and 91–120 days and Ukrainian Red-and-White. The worst, by the indicators of productive longevity, were individuals with 60 days and no more of the first service period. Correlation analysis showed the different level of the connection between the duration of the service period animals and indicators of their lifelong use, which in most cases had a reverse nature. This kind of connection indicates that with the extension of the duration of service period of cows, the duration of their productive use and lifetime productivity decreases. In Holstein breed animals, the correlation coefficients between the above named indicators ranged from -0.462 to 0.370, Ukrainian Black-and-White – from -0.113 to 0.144 and Ukrainian Red-and-White – from 0.279 to 0.149. Strength of influence of the duration of the first service-period on life duration, productive use and lactation of cows, depending on the breed, was 12.5–36.5%, for lifetime productivity – 9.7–34.6 and on the one day of life, productive use and lactation – 11.3–35.9%.
Age dynamics of growth and development of chichens depending on protein metabolism
Authors: Kyryliv B. 
Published: April 2018

In order to carry out the planned research, an experiment was carried out on repair young animals of the laying chickens of the «Hayseks Brown» cross from the one day-old age. For this purpose, in the conditions of the farm «Berkut» of the Drohobych district of the Lviv region, an industrial herd of hens in the amount of 10 thousand heads was formed. Poultry was kept in cages with free access to food and water. The temperature and light modes corresponded to the recommended standards and the content met the requirements of the technology. All poultry received a complete food, balanced for all nutrients and biological active substances. We have studied the dynamics of growth and development of chicken egg production of line cross «Hayseks brown» from day age to the age of peak performance. During the experiment, the study of the intensity of metabolic processes in the body of 6, 35, 90, 120, and 150 day-olds, i.e., in critical periods when there is intense growth of feathers and juvenile molten (30–60 days), the beginning of the oviposition (120 days) and the beginning of an intensive oviposition (150 days). In these age periods, the level of soluble proteins, amine nitrogen, and the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were determined in liver tissues, cuticles of the muscular stomach, gastrointestinal mucosa, gastrointestinal mucosa, duodenum and pancreas. During the growth and development of chickens, there are critical periods associated with intense growth of feathers (21–35 days), juvenile strain (70–84 days) and the beginning of oviposition (119–126 days). The highest protein content was found in liver and pancreatic tissues (11.08–13.8 mg/g), lower (by 40%) in the tissue of mucous membranes of the glandular stomach and duodenum and 4–5 times lower content in the tissue, the cuticles of the muscular stomach of the chicken in all the periods of growth we were studied. The age dynamics of changes in the activity of AlAT and AsAT was uneven in the tissues according to the study. Reduced AlAT activity at the 30-day age, similar to protein concentration, which is characteristic of liver tissue, 12-gullet mucosa and pancreatic of chicken. The results of biochemical studies are related to changes in the physiological state and magnitude of gains. During the growth of repair young poultry, in the critical periods of growth and development, it is necessary to deliberately affect the processes of protein metabolism by enhancing the processes of digestion and assimilation of nutrients and biologically active substances of fodder and the sufficient introduction of free amino acids by the use of exogenous enzyme preparations.
Shaoxing breed duck polymorphism by microsatellite loci
Authors: Chepiha A. M. , Kostenko S. O. , Doroshenko M. S. , Korol P. V. , Konoval O. M. , Lizhi Lu , Xuetao Huang , Liumeng Li 
Published: April 2018

Microsatellite markers are now been widely used for the detection and description of micropopulation processes occurring in the populations of domestic animals for the effects of various factors of breeding pressure. Microsatellite loci distributed throughout eukaryotic genomes, making them the preferred genetic marker for high resolution genetic mapping. In recent years, rapid advances have been made in the development of molecular genetic maps. High-density linkage maps are now available for many farm animals, such as cattle, pigs, and goats. In contrast, mapping studies in avian species are much less advanced except in the chicken. According to FAO about 70% of ducks are bred in China. This country is a leader in growing ducks. The Shaoxing breed is one of the three major duck breeds in China. Ducks of this breed are characterized by high performance. According to the Bureau of Product Quality, the age of maturity (the beginning of egg laying) in these birds occurs at 130–140 days. The characteristics of the Shaoxing breed include the fact that the peak period of laying eggs lasts from eight to ten months. On average, one duck in 500 days gives from 290 to 310 eggs, which is one of the highest rates for egg breeds. That is why the purpose of our study was the microsatellite analysis of two populations of Shaoxing breed with 9 locuses was conducted. The selection of birds for the study were carried out on a duck farms in Zhejiang Generation Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd. and Zhuji Guowei Poultry Development Co, Ltd., and at the laboratory of the Jjejiang Academy of Sciences Institute. Samples collection and DNA preparation: Venous blood samples were collected from 480 ducks (240 ducks of population I and 240 ducks of population II of the Shaoxing breeds) of both populations into 3 ml tubes containing EDTA as anticoagulant agent. In total of 9 investigated loci in the Shaoxing breed population, only one locus was monomorphic (SMO10). The number of different alleles (Na) for each polymorphic locus ranged from 2 (SMO12) to 13 (APL79, CMO11) in population I and from 2 (APL78, SMO12) to 7 (APL79) in population II. On average, one locus had 5.889 alleles in population I and 3.889 of alleles in the population II. The effective number of alleles (Nе) was 1.735 in population I and 1.599 in population II. The number of alleles and the expected heterozygosity (Hexp) values can provide important information for the discrimination of individuals and breeds. The index of expected heterozygosity in population I was 0.336 and 0.307 in population II. The information index (I) was 0,702 in population I and 0,576 in population II. For each population was found private alleles, in population I 6 alleles and in population II just 4 alleles. The results show high level of polymorphism of the studied populations of ducks. The obtained results can be used in the creation of new lines of ducks.
Neutrinoless double beta decay in the economical 3-3-1 model
Authors: Soa Dang Van , Thao Nguyen Huy , Dong Phung Van , Huong Trinh Thi , Long Hoang Ngoc 
Published: April 2018

Possible contributions to neutrinoless double beta (ββ)0ν decay in the economical 3-3-1 model
are discussed. We show that the (ββ)0ν decay in this model is due to both sources—Majorana
L and Dirac D neutrino masses. If the mixing angle between charged gauge bosons, the
standard model W and bilepton Y , is in range of the ratio of neutrino masses L/D, both
the Majorana and Dirac masses simultaneously give contributions dominant to the decay. As results,
constraints on the bilepton mass are also given.
K<sub>x</sub>Ni<sub>y</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>].xH<sub>2</sub>O Prussian blue analogue: A study of size effect on the structural, optical and magnetic propertiecs
Authors: Phu Phung Kim , Giang Trinh Ngoc , Minh Nguyen Van 
Published: April 2018

Recently, striking effects of light irradiation on the magnetic state were reported for Prussian blue (PB) analogues AxCoy[Fe(CN)6] (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs). The physical and optical properties of these compounds are dependent on the size of the particles of the measured samples. However, there have been few reports on the formation of nano-sized particles of the material and the effect of size of the particles on the properties of the compounds. In this report, we present a novel synthesis method of the KxNiy[Fe(CN)6] PB nano-particles and investigate the effect of particlesize on the properties of the Prussian blue analog KxNiy[Fe(CN)6] by analysising the results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis absorption and magnetization measurements of the compounds.
Keywords: Prussian Blue, nanoparticle, size effect, magnetic property
Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitors and Radiation in the Management of Brain Metastases from EGFR Mutant Lung Cancers
Authors: Khandekar Melin J. , Piotrowska Zofia , Willers Henning , Sequist Lecia V. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

The growth of genotype-directed targeted therapies, such as inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), has revolutionized treatment for some patients with oncogene-addicted lung cancer. However, as systemic control for these patients has improved, brain metastases remain an important source of morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatment for brain metastases has been radiotherapy, either whole-brain radiation or stereotactic radiosurgery. The growing availability of drugs that can cross the blood-brain barrier and have activity in the central nervous system (CNS) has led to many studies investigating whether targeted therapy can be used in combination with or in lieu of radiation. In this review, we summarize the key literature about the incidence and nature of EGFR-mutant brain metastases (EGFR BMs), the data about the activity of EGFR inhibitors in the CNS, and whether they can be used as front-line therapy for brain metastases. Although initial use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for EGFR BMs can often be an effective treatment strategy, multidisciplinary evaluation is critical, and prospective studies are needed to clarify which patients may benefit from early radiotherapy.

Implications for Practice
Management of brain metastases in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant lung cancer is a common clinical problem. The question of whether to start initial therapy with an EGFR inhibitor or radiotherapy (either whole-brain radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery) is controversial. The development of novel EGFR inhibitors with enhanced central nervous system (CNS) penetration is an important advance in the treatment of CNS disease. Multidisciplinary evaluation and evaluation of extracranial disease status are critical to choosing the best treatment option for each patient.
Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers for Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma: Why PD-L1 Testing May Not Be Enough
Authors: Weinberg Benjamin A. , Xiu Joanne , Hwang Jimmy J. , Shields Anthony F. , Salem Mohamed E. , Marshall John L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Purpose
The treatment of patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinomas has been transformed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of pembrolizumab. Tumor and adjacent tissue must stain positively for the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein by companion diagnostic testing. However, some patients with PD-L1-negative tumors also benefit from pembrolizumab. High microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational load (TML) are positive predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in other tumors. We sought to identify more patients who could benefit from ICI using alternative PD-L1 thresholds, MSI, and TML.

Methods
Tumor specimens underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) and PD-L1 testing using immunohistochemistry. NGS was used to determine TML and MSI.

Results
We profiled 581 G/GEJ adenocarcinoma specimens. PD-L1 staining was scored for intensity (0, none; 1+, weak; 2+, moderate; 3+, strong). Using 2+ staining at a 5% threshold, 9.3% of tumors were PD-L1 positive, and using 1+ staining at 1%, 16.2% were PD-L1 positive. 6.9% of tumors had high MSI. High TML (≥17 mutations per megabase) was seen in 6.9%, and medium TML (≥7) was seen in 56.5% of tumors. Thirty (5.2%) PD-L1-negative tumors at the 1+, 1% threshold had high TML or high MSI. Primary tumors had higher rates of high TML (8.8% vs. 3.9%; p = .0377) and high MSI (8.5% vs. 3.9%; p = .0471) than metastases.

Conclusion
PD-L1 testing alone fails to detect patients who may benefit from ICI. Lower PD-L1 thresholds and TML testing should be considered in future clinical trials.

Implications for Practice
Pembrolizumab is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for patients with refractory gastric and gastroesophageal cancers if the tumor and adjacent tissue stain positively for the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein by companion diagnostic testing. Tumor mutational load, microsatellite instability (MSI), and alternative PD-L1 testing thresholds may serve as predictive biomarkers for response to immune checkpoint inhibition, and standard PD-L1 testing will not identify all patients who may benefit from this therapy.
AMELİYAT DÖNEMİNDE ISTENMEYEN HIPOTERMIDE KANITA DAYALI UYGULAMALAR
Authors: SOYSAL Ganime Esra , İLÇE Arzu 
Published: April 2018

AMELİYAT DÖNEMİNDE ISTENMEYEN HIPOTERMIDE KANITA DAYALI UYGULAMALAR

ÖZET

Ameliyat döneminde istenmeyen hipotermi cerrahi operasyon geçiren hastaların çoğunda görülmektedir. Anestezi, uzun süren ameliyatlar, soğuk ameliyathane odası, ileri yaş, ASA skoru IV ve üstü olan hastalarda hipotermi görülme riski daha fazladır. Hipotermi görülen hastalarda cerrahi alan enfeksiyonların, kanamanın, postoperatif ağrının arttığı, anestezi sonrası uyanmanın geciktiği, termal konforun bozdulduğu ve hastanede kalış süresinin uzattığı bildirilmektedir. Bu derleme makale, ameliyat döneminde istenmeyen hipoterminin önlenmesinde kanıta dayalı uygulamaları incelemek amacıyla hazırlandı. Ameliyat döneminde istenmeyen hipoterminin önlenmesi için ameliyattan önce her hasta hipoermi riski açısından değerlendirilmedir. Cerrahinin uzun sürmesi, düşük vücut kütle oranı, düşük tansiyon, soğuk irigasyon sıvılarının kullanılması hipotermi riskini attırmaktadır (Kanıt düzeyi IB). Riskli gurupta olduğu tespit edilen ve vücut sıcaklığı &lt;36 oC olan hastalar ameliyatta alınmadan aktif olarak ısıtılmalı ve bu ameliyat esnasında da sürdürülmelidir. Otuz dakikanın üzerinde süren ameliyatlarda tüm hastalar aktif olarak ısıtılmalıdır (Kanıt düzeyi VB). Hastanın vücut sıcaklığı anestezi indüksiyonu öncesi ve ameliyat esnasında 30 dakikada bir ölçülmeli ve kaydedilmelidir. Ameliyat döneminde ısınma hastalarda postoperatif ağrıyı, yara yeri enfeksiyonu, titremeyi ve perioperatif kan kaybınını azalmaktadır (Kanıt düzeyi IB). Sonuç olarak ameliyat döneminde istenmeyen hipotermi ile ilgili kanıta dayalı uygulamalar ışığında ameliyat döneminde hasta bakım standartları yeniden düzenlenmelidir. Normal vücut sıcaklığını korumak için uygulanacak önlemler ve farklı aktif ısıtma yöntemleri kendi içinde karşılaştıran kanıt düzeyi yüksek çalışmalarla desteklenmelidir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Hipotermi; kanıta dayalı uygulamalar; perioperatif dönem
KADINLARIN DOĞUM SONU DÖNEMDE AİLE PLANLAMASI TERCİHLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: TOSUN GÜLEROĞLU Funda , ALP YILMAZ Figen , HÖBEK AKARSU Rukiye 
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışma yeni
doğum yapan annelerin doğum sonrası dönemde kullanmayı tercih
ettiği aile planlaması yöntemleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak planlanan bu
çalışma iç Anadolu bölgesinde bir
şehirde doğum ve çocuk hastalıkları hastanesinde doğum yapan ve araştırmaya
katılmayı kabul eden 293 kadın ile yapılmıştır. Veriler literatür taranarak
oluşturulan anket formu ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği kullanılarak doğum sonu
birinci günde toplanmıştır. İstatistik analiz paket programı ile verilerin
analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalaması 26,5±5.6 (17–42)
olup, %53,9'u ilkokul mezunu, %92.2’si ev hanımıdır. Yüzde 52,2’sinin ekonomik durumunun orta
olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Gebelik öncesi %59,2’si aile planlaması yöntemi
kullandıklarını ve en çok kullanılan yöntemin %21,5 ile rahim içi araç olduğu
belirlenmiştir. Doğumdan sonra %37,3’ünün aile planlaması yöntemi olarak rahim
içi araç kullanacağını ifade etmişlerdir.

Sonuç: Kadınların %30’u doğumdan sonra kullanacakları
aile planlanması yöntemine karar vermediklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Bu nedenle
loğusa servislerinde çalışan hemşireler doğum sonu eğitimlerine özellikle aile
planlaması yöntemlerini katarak karar vermeyen kadınları etkili aile planlaması
yöntemlerini tercih etmelerine katkı sağlayabilirler.
Toraks Travmalı Erişkin Hastalardaki Kot Fraktürü ve Hemopnömotoraks Arasındaki Korelasyon
Authors: SERİN Halil , ERKOÇ Mustafa Fatih 
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç travmaya bağlı
gelişen kot fraktürü ile hemopnömotoraks ilişkisinin saptanmasıdır.

Gereç ve yöntemler: Hastanemiz acil
servisine 2014-2017 yılları arasında göğüs travmasıyla gelen ve kot kırığı
bulunan 280 hastanın toraks BT filmleri retrospektif olarak taranmıştır.

Bulgular: 130 hastada deplase(%46,4)
150 hastada nondeplase (%53,6) kot kırıkları saptandı. Deplase olanların 75
tanesinde (%57,6) travmatik pnömotoraks, 25 inde (%19,2) eşlik eden hemotraks
vardı. Nondeplase kırıkların 20 tanesinde (%13,3) pnömotoraks, 7 sinde (%4,)
eşlik eden hemotoraks vardı. Geri kalanlarda pnömotoraks hemotoraks izlenmedi. Tüm
kırıkların 35’i (%12,5) alt torakal segmentte (9-12. Kotlar), 205’i (%73,2) ise
üst torakal segmentteydi (1-8. Kotlar).
40 hastada (%14,3) ise mix tip
fraktürler izlendi. Üst torakal yerleşimli olanların 100’ünde ( %79), alt torakal segmentte olanların
4’ünde ( %3) ve mixt tip olanların 23’ünde (%18) hemopnömotoraks saptandı.

Sonuç: Kot kırığının lokalizasyonu ve
deplase-nondeplase olması eşlik eden olası hemopnömotoraks varlığı ile
ilişkilidir.
A Comparative Study of Three Modern Translations of the Old English Lines (675-702) of Beowulf
Authors: Al-Ibia Salim Eflih 
Published: April 2018

<p>In this article, I compare the modern translations of lines (675-702) of <em>Beowulf</em> in Seamus Heaney’s 2000 translation, Roy Luizza’s 1999 translation, and Edwin Morgan’s 1952 translation<em>.</em> I begin with Morgan’s text since it is the earliest translation and ends with Heaney’s translation, as it is the most recent one. My evaluations for the three texts take into consideration the syntax, the poetic dictions and the approach used by Haney, Luizza and Morgan. I choose these lines in particular because these lines describe the confrontation with Grendel, and because an evaluation of the translations of the entire epic would be an overwhelming task. The article begins with a brief introduction to Old English structure and typological descriptions so we understand the challenge the aforementioned translators of <em>Beowulf </em>have met as they worked on the original manuscript and be able to acutely evaluate the final product of their translations of the aforementioned lines.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Old English, Beowulf, modern translations </p>