bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Nano‐ and Microstructure on the Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Phung Nga , Abate Antonio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHalide perovskites have emerged recently as a promising candidate for the next generation of photovoltaics. Power conversion efficiencies for laboratory‐scale devices surpass those of established technologies, such as multicrystalline silicon. However, perovskite solar cells lose their initial efficiency rapidly due to the convolution of several degradation factors, which hinder the process of industrialization. In this review, the important role of the nano‐ and microstructure of the perovskite layer in the performance and stability of the device are discussed. The defects located predominantly at the grain boundaries within the perovskite film and at the interface of the perovskite with the other materials can compromise the devices' stability. Thus, lowering the surface and interface concentration of defects is a key approach toward long‐term stable perovskite solar cells.
Enhancement of Tumor Homing by Chemotherapy‐Loaded Nanoparticles
Authors: Ponzoni Mirco , Curnis Flavio , Brignole Chiara , Bruno Silvia , Guarnieri Daniela , Sitia Leopoldo , Marotta Roberto , Sacchi Angelina , Bauckneht Matteo , Buschiazzo Ambra , Rossi Andrea , Di Paolo Daniela , Perri Patrizia , Gori Alessandro , Sementa Angela R. , Emionite Laura , Cilli Michele , Tamma Roberto , Ribatti Domenico , Pompa Pier Paolo , Marini Cecilia , Sambuceti Gianmario , Corti Angelo , Pastorino Fabio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTargeted delivery of anticancer drugs with nanocarriers can reduce side effects and ameliorate therapeutic efficacy. However, poorly perfused and dysfunctional tumor vessels limit the transport of the payload into solid tumors. The use of tumor‐penetrating nanocarriers might enhance tumor uptake and antitumor effects. A peptide containing a tissue‐penetrating (TP) consensus motif, capable of recognizing neuropilin‐1, is here fused to a neuroblastoma‐targeting peptide (pep) previously developed. Neuroblastoma cell lines and cells derived from both xenografts and high‐risk neuroblastoma patients show overexpression of neuropilin‐1. In vitro studies reveal that TP–pep binds cell lines and cells derived from neuroblastoma patients more efficiently than pep. TP–pep, after coupling to doxorubicin‐containing stealth liposomes (TP–pep–SL[doxorubicin]), enhances their uptake by cells and cytotoxic effects in vitro, while increasing tumor‐binding capability and homing in vivo. TP–pep–SL[doxorubicin] treatment enhances the Evans Blue dye accumulation in tumors but not in nontumor tissues, pointing to selective increase of vascular permeability in tumor tissues. Compared to pep–SL[doxorubicin], TP–pep–SL[doxorubicin] shows an increased antineuroblastoma activity in three neuroblastoma animal models mimicking the growth of neuroblastoma in humans. The enhancement of drug penetration in tumors by TP–pep‐targeted nanoparticles may represent an innovative strategy for neuroblastoma.
Magnetic Shape Memory Turns to Nano: Microstructure Controlled Actuation of Free‐Standing Nanodisks
Authors: Campanini Marco , Nasi Lucia , Fabbrici Simone , Casoli Francesca , Celegato Federica , Barrera Gabriele , Chiesi Valentina , Bedogni Elena , Magén César , Grillo Vincenzo , Bertoni Giovanni , Righi Lara , Tiberto Paola , Albertini Franca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMagnetic shape memory materials hold a great promise for next‐generation actuation devices and systems for energy conversion, thanks to the intimate coupling between structure and magnetism in their martensitic phase. Here novel magnetic shape memory free‐standing nanodisks are proposed, proving that the lack of the substrate constrains enables the exploitation of new microstructure‐controlled actuation mechanisms by the combined application of different stimuli–i.e., temperature and magnetic field. The results show that a reversible areal strain (up to 5.5%) can be achieved and tuned in intensity and sign (i.e., areal contraction or expansion) by the application of a magnetic field. The mechanisms at the basis of the actuation are investigated by experiments performed at different length scales and directly visualized by several electron microscopy techniques, including electron holography, showing that thermo/magnetomechanical properties can be optimized by engineering the martensitic microstructure through epitaxial growth and lateral confinement. These findings represent a step forward toward the development of a new class of temperature‐field controlled nanoactuators and smart nanomaterials.
Photothermal Convection Lithography for Rapid and Direct Assembly of Colloidal Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Generic Substrates
Authors: Jin Chang Min , Lee Wooju , Kim Dongchoul , Kang Taewook , Choi Inhee 
Published: October 2018

AbstractControlled assembly of colloidal nanoparticles onto solid substrates generally needs to overcome their thermal diffusion in water. For this purpose, several techniques that are based on chemical bonding, capillary interactions with substrate patterning, optical force, and optofluidic heating of light‐absorbing substrates are proposed. However, the direct assembly of colloidal nanoparticles on generic substrates without chemical linkers and substrate patterning still remains challenging. Here, photothermal convection lithography is proposed, which allows the rapid placement of colloidal nanoparticles onto the surface of diverse solid substrates. It is based on local photothermal heating of colloidal nanoparticles by resonant light focusing without substrate heating, which induces convective flow. The convective flow, then, forces the colloidal nanoparticles to assemble at the illumination point of light. The size of the assembly is increased by either increasing the light intensity or illumination time. It is shown that three types of colloidal gold nanoparticles with different shapes (rod, star, and sphere) can be uniformly assembled by the proposed method. Each assembly with a diameter of tens of micrometers can be completed within a minute and its patterned arrays can also be achieved rapidly.
Support vector regression‐based imputation in analogy‐based software development effort estimation
Authors: Idri Ali , Abnane Ibtissam , Abran Alain 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMissing data (MD) is a widespread problem that can affect the ability to use data to construct effective software development effort estimation (SDEE) techniques. To deal with this challenge, several imputation techniques have been investigated in SDEE and k‐nearest neighbors (KNN)‐based imputation is still the most frequently used. To the best of our knowledge, no study has used support vector regression (SVR)‐based imputation to construct accurate estimation techniques, in particular those based on analogy. This paper introduces a new imputation technique based on SVR for handling MD in two analogy‐based SDEE techniques: classical analogy and fuzzy analogy. More specifically, we investigate whether the use of SVR instead of KNN in imputing MD improves the predictive performance of these two analogy‐based techniques. A total of 1134 experiments were conducted involving seven datasets, SVR/KNN MD imputation techniques (KNN with Euclidean and Manhattan distances), three missingness mechanisms (missing completely at random, missing at random, non‐ignorable missing), and MD percentages from 10% to 90%. The results suggest that the use of SVR imputation, rather than KNN imputation, may improve the prediction performance of both analogy‐based techniques. Furthermore, we found that the impact of MD percentage upon effort prediction performance is reduced when using SVR rather than KNN. Moreover, fuzzy analogy generates better estimates in terms of the standardized accuracy measure than classical analogy regardless of the MD technique, the dataset used, the missingness mechanism, or the MD percentage.
A Comparison Between Plastic and Metallic Biliary Stent Placement in Patients Receiving Preoperative Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Nakamura Kota , Sho Masayuki , Akahori Takahiro , Nagai Minako , Nishiwada Satoshi , Nakagawa Kenji , Tanaka Toshihiro , Kichikawa Kimihiko , Tamamoto Tetsuro , Hasegawa Masatoshi , Mitoro Akira , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Ikeda Naoya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal stent type in patients receiving preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) is uncertain. The present study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of biliary metallic stent (MS) and plastic stent (PS) in patients undergoing preoperative NACRT for resectable pancreatic cancer.MethodsThis retrospective study included 43 patients who required either biliary MS or PS before initiating NACRT for resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic head cancer. Seventeen patients had MS (MS group), while 23 patients had PS (PS group). All patients received preoperative NACRT, including gemcitabine and concomitant three‐dimensional radiation of 54 Gy, and underwent pancreatectomy. Stent patency, surgery postponement, postoperative outcomes, and cost‐effectiveness were compared between these groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline demographic or tumor characteristics between the groups. Stent patency was significantly longer in the MS group than in the PS group (p = 0.042). There were no differences in time to surgery, intraoperative characteristics, surgical complications, margin positivity, and pathological response between the groups. Furthermore, the medical cost of maintenance of biliary drainage during NACRT was similar between the groups.ConclusionsMS placement compared to PS in patients receiving preoperative NACRT provided no significant benefits during the postoperative course of pancreatectomy. However, MS placement was associated with long stent patency while showing no economic disadvantage. Therefore, MS placement may be recommended in patients receiving preoperative NACRT for resectable pancreatic cancer.
Beyond the Nuclear Family: Trends in Children Living in Shared Households
Authors: Pilkauskas Natasha V. , Cross Christina 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Using data from the 1996–2008 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation and the 2009–2016 American Community Survey, we examine trends in U.S. children living in shared households (living with adults beyond their nuclear (parent/parent’s partner/sibling) family). We find that although the share of children who lived in a shared household increased over this period, the rise was nearly entirely driven by an increase in three-generation/multigenerational households (coresident grandparent(s), parent(s), and child). In 1996, 5.7 % of children lived in a three-generation household; by 2016, 9.8 % did likewise—more than a 4 percentage point increase. More economically advantaged groups (older, more educated mothers, married households) experienced the largest percentage increase in three-generation coresidence, although correlates of coresidence remained largely stable. Decomposition analyses suggest that the rise in Social Security receipt and changes in parental relationship status (less marriage, more single parenthood) most strongly explained the increase in three-generation households. Given the dramatic rise in three-generation households, more research is needed to understand the consequences of these living arrangements for children, their parents, and their grandparents.
Computer‐assisted prediction of clinical progression in the earliest stages of AD
Authors: Rhodius‐Meester Hanneke F.M. , Liedes Hilkka , Koikkalainen Juha , Wolfsgruber Steffen , Coll‐Padros Nina , Kornhuber Johannes , Peters Oliver , Jessen Frank , Kleineidam Luca , Molinuevo José Luis , Rami Lorena , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Barkhof Frederik , Sikkes Sietske A.M. , Wesselman Linda M.P. , Slot Rosalinde E.R. , Verfaillie Sander C.J. , Scheltens Philip , Tijms Betty M. , Lötjönen Jyrki , van der Flier Wiesje M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at increased risk for clinical progression. We studied how combining different diagnostic tests can help to identify individuals who are likely to show clinical progression.MethodsWe included 674 patients with SCD (46% female, 64 ± 9 years, Mini–Mental State Examination 28 ± 2) from three memory clinic cohorts. A multivariate model based on the Disease State Index classifier incorporated the available baseline tests to predict progression to MCI or dementia over time. We developed and internally validated the model in one cohort and externally validated it in the other cohorts.ResultsAfter 2.9 ± 2.0 years, 151(22%) patients showed clinical progression. Overall performance of the classifier when combining cognitive tests, magnetic resonance imagining, and cerebrospinal fluid showed a balanced accuracy of 74.0 ± 5.5, with high negative predictive value (93.3 ± 2.8).DiscussionWe found that a combination of diagnostic tests helps to identify individuals at risk of progression. The classifier had particularly good accuracy in identifying patients who remained stable.
Privileging the Powerful: Religion and Constitutional Law in India
Authors: ABEYRATNE Rehan Aindri 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere is vast literature on secularism in India and on the effects of Hindu nationalism on secular constitutionalism. This article takes a different tack. It focuses on cases where minority status is contested or competing rights of minorities are at stake. The article uses three exemplary recent cases to illustrate how judicial doctrines devised to reform discriminatory religious practices or to protect minority interests have, perversely, favoured certain groups at the expense of others. In each area examined, the jurisprudence privileges the more powerful of those interests: the sanctity of Muslim personal law over the rights of Muslim women; Hindu dalits over dalits that converted to other religions; and minority educational institutions over children from ‘weaker’ and ‘disadvantaged’ sections of society. The article concludes by proposing a new jurisprudence of religion and constitutional practice for India, one that takes account of these inequalities and gives meaning to the fundamental rights of the most vulnerable individuals and groups.
Effects of a reminder to initiate oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter discharged from the emergency department: REMINDER study
Authors: Rezazadeh Saman , Chew Derek S. , Miller Robert J.H. , Klassen Sheila , Pournazari Payam , Bennett Graham , Lang Eddy , Quinn F. Russell 
Published: October 2018

CLINICIAN’S CAPSULEWhat is known about the topic?Oral anticoagulation (OAC) reduces stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation or flutter; however, initiation rates in patients discharged from the ED are low.What did this study ask?Can a simple quality improvement intervention increase the initiation of appropriate OAC in the ED?What did this study find?The rate of OAC initiation was increased by 8.5%.Why does this study matter to clinicians?This simple intervention is transferrable and therefore can improve patient care.
Effects of Virtual Reality Simulation on Worker Emergency Evacuation of Neonates
Authors: Farra Sharon , Hodgson Eric , Miller Elaine T. , Timm Nathan , Brady Whittney , Gneuhs Matt , Ying Jun , Hausfeld Jackie , Cosgrove Emily , Simon Ashley , Bottomley Michael 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study examined differences in learning outcomes among newborn intensive care unit (NICU) workers who underwent virtual reality simulation (VRS) emergency evacuation training versus those who received web-based clinical updates (CU). Learning outcomes included a) knowledge gained, b) confidence with evacuation, and c) performance in a live evacuation exercise.MethodsA longitudinal, mixed-method, quasi-experimental design was implemented utilizing a sample of NICU workers randomly assigned to VRS training or CUs. Four VRS scenarios were created that augmented neonate evacuation training materials. Learning was measured using cognitive assessments, self-efficacy questionnaire (baseline, 0, 4, 8, 12 months), and performance in a live drill (baseline, 12 months). Data were collected following training and analyzed using mixed model analysis. Focus groups captured VRS participant experiences.ResultsThe VRS and CU groups did not statistically differ based upon the scores on the Cognitive Assessment or perceived self-efficacy. The virtual reality group performance in the live exercise was statistically (P&lt;.0001) and clinically (effect size of 1.71) better than that of the CU group.ConclusionsTraining using VRS is effective in promoting positive performance outcomes and should be included as a method for disaster training. VRS can allow an organization to train, test, and identify gaps in current emergency operation plans. In the unique case of disasters, which are low-volume and high-risk events, the participant can have access to an environment without endangering themselves or clients. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:301–308)
Comparing explanations for the Complexity Principle: evidence from argument realization
Authors: PIJPOPS DIRK , SPEELMAN DIRK , GRONDELAERS STEFAN , VAN DE VELDE FREEK 
Published: October 2018

abstractThe likelihood with which language users insert optional words or morphemes that explicitly mark syntactic structure tends to increase in complex grammatical environments. This positive correlation between explicitness and complexity, best known as the Complexity Principle, has been observed for a multitude of case studies in both naturally occurring language and experimental settings. Researchers have sought the explanation for this Complexity Principle in three different domains: cognitive comprehension processing, the language channel, and cognitive production processing. Based on these accounts, we formulate predictions regarding the action radius of the Complexity Principle in the alternation between a direct and prepositional object of the Dutch verbzoeken‘search’. These predictions are tested against corpus observations. Our results confirm accounts according to which optional elements indicate production difficulties, as well as those that explain the Principle as a result of restrictions on the language channel. In addition, our results indicate that the Principle is sensitive to context-determined restrictions that are the result of its underlying cause. This may present a possible caveat for alternation studies.
Stabilization of magnetic mirror machine using rotating magnetic field
Authors: Seemann O. , Be’ery I. , Fisher A. 
Published: October 2018

An increase in symmetry is observed for a low density non-collisional plasma, in a simple magnetic mirror machine, due to the application of external oscillating magnetic fields of 1.5 MHz frequency. The increase in symmetry is attributed to an increase in stability of the flute mode and is dependent on the field’s polarization and trap magnetic field strength.
Maternal antenatal daytime sleepiness and child neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive development
Authors: Lahti-Pulkkinen M. , Mina T. H. , Riha R. L. , Räikkönen K. , Pesonen A. K. , Drake A. J. , Denison F. C. , Reynolds R. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of sleep problems among pregnant women is over 50%, and daytime sleepiness is among the most common sleep problems. Previous studies have associated antenatal sleep problems with adverse maternal health and neonatal outcomes, but the consequences of antenatal sleep problems and particularly daytime sleepiness on child psychological development have not been assessed prospectively.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study including 111 mother-child dyads, we examined the associations of maternal daytime sleepiness during pregnancy, assessed at 17 and 28 weeks of gestation using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, with child neuropsychiatric problems and neuropsychological development, assessed with mother-rated questionnaires and individually administered neuropsychological tests, at child age 2.6–5.7 years (mean = 4.3 years).ResultsIndependently of sociodemographic and perinatal covariates and maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during and/or after pregnancy, maternal antenatal daytime sleepiness was associated with increased total [unstandardized regression coefficient (B) = 0.25 standard deviation (s.d.) units; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01–0.48] and internalizing (B = 0.25 s.d.s: 95% CI 0.01–0.49) psychiatric problems and ADHD symptoms (B = 0.27 s.d.s: 95% CI 0.04–0.50) in children, and with poorer executive function, particularly in the areas of attention, working memory and inhibitory control (B = −0.39 s.d.s: 95% CI −0.69 to −0.10).ConclusionsMaternal antenatal daytime sleepiness carries adverse consequences for offspring psychological development. The assessment of sleep problems may be an important addition to standard antenatal care.
Employer Participation in Active Labour Market Policy: from Reactive Gatekeepers to Proactive Strategic Partners
Authors: ORTON MICHAEL , GREEN ANNE , ATFIELD GABY , BARNES SALLY-ANNE 
Published: October 2018

AbstractActive labour market policy (ALMP) is a well-established strategy but one aspect is greatly neglected – employer participation – about which there is a lack of systematic evidence. The question of why and how employers participate in ALMP, and whether there may be some shift from employers solely being passive recipients of job-ready candidates to having a more proactive and strategic role, is addressed by drawing on new research into Talent Match, a contemporary UK employability programme which places particular emphasis on employer involvement. The research findings point to a conceptual distinction between employers’ roles as being reactive gatekeepers to jobs and/or being proactive strategic partners, with both evident. It is argued that the Talent Match programme demonstrates potential to benefit employers, jobseekers and programme providers, with devolution of policy to the local level a possible way forward. The conclusion, however, is that the barrier to wider replication is not necessarily a problem of practice but of centralised control of policy and, in particular, commitment to a supply-side approach. Empirical, conceptual and policy contributions are made to this under-researched topic.
Age management in the workplace: manager and older worker accounts of policy and practice
Authors: Egdell Valerie , Maclean Gavin , Raeside Robert , Chen Tao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe impact of an ageing workforce on the workplace is a concern internationally. Governments are increasingly encouraging the continued labour market participation of older workers, seeking to remove previous barriers to the extension of working lives and give more choice to workers. Despite these legislative drivers, research has consistently found a lack of systematic approaches by employers to prepare and benefit from these demographic and labour market changes. In this paper, qualitative research is drawn upon to examine how managers and older workers think about age and ageing in the workplace; the support put in place for older workers, as well as future priorities; and the lived experiences of the older workers. It is highlighted that employees’ age and fitness for work is treated on an individual basis, rather than having formal plans to manage the workplace for older workers. This thus indicates a hands-off approach from management.