bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uji LC50 Limbah Tahu Terhadap Ikan Nila (Orechromis Niloticus) Umur 2 Bulan di Banjarbaru
Authors: Hardiono Hardiono , Rahmawati Rahmawati 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: LC 50Test of Tofu Waste Water to Tilafia (Orechromis niloticus) aged 2 months in Banjarbaru. Tofu industrial wastewater with a low pH, 0 mg/l DO and a temperature of 32°C when discharged without treatment into receiving water bodies will lead to the death of aquatic biota so acute toxicity tests need to be done. This study aims to determine the LC50 of the waste out in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study used an experimental method, posttest design with a control group. Samples were taken randomly in waste outlet in Banjarbaru, then toxicity tests performed with various of toxicant concentrations and exposure time at tilapia of 2 months age. Based on the initial results of toxicity tests, the lowest concentration that causes 100% dead of tilapia is 20%, so that the concentration of industrial wastewater know that will be used in the acute toxicity tests are: 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%. Parameters wich were controlled are pH, temperature and DO. Probit analysis using SPPS was used to determined LC50. The results showed that LC50 for exposure time: 24, 48 and 72 hours are 3.80 up to 11.35%, 3.67 s.d 14.30% and 3.38 up to 12.10% particularly. Correlation analysis showed the characteristics of pH and DO in the tofu industrial wastewater affects the LC50. Decrease of DO and pH, LC50 would decrease. The study is expected as input to information and pollution control and waste out policy decisions in order to make local regulations maintained environmental sustainability. For further research can complement parameters Ammonia levels and turbidity in the water that affect the survival of fish, in addition to the pH, DO and temperature of the water.Keywords : LC50 test; tofu waste water; Tilafia (Orechromis niloticus) of 2 months aged.
Percobaan Produksi Biogas dari Kotoran Sapi dan Kotoran Ayam dengan Penambahan Enzim Papain
Authors: As Zulfikar Ali , Hardiono Hardiono , A. Syarifudin 
Published: September 2019

Production of Biogas from Cow Manure and Chicken Manure with Addition of Papain. Farms not only contribute positively to meet the demands of protein and increase incomes but also have a negative impact on the environment due to their wastes, especially manure. Biogas produced from the anaerobic decomposition of organic waste is a solution of manure utilization to be a fuel which is cheap and environmentally friendly. To accelerate the production of biogas it is needed a proteoloitik enzyme from papaya, which is called papain. This study aims to calculate the production of biogas from cow manure and chicken manure with addition of papain. The experiments were conducted in the digester made from plastic drums and observed for 30 days. The results showed that the papain influenced of production acceleration of biogas from cow manure. Comparison of biogas production in a week from cow manure: cow manure + 2 kgs of papaya pieces: cow manure + 4 kgs of papaya pieces are 202.7 liters: 263 liters: 332.3 liters. Cow manure did not need other ingredients except water with ratio 1: 1½ . Chicken manure had not been able to produce biogas because their CN ratio was not eligible, although the chaff had been added to increase the carbon content. Biogas from cow manure with addition of papain can be applied on a wider scale, while biogas from chicken manure requires other ingredients that biodegrade easier to add C content in the mixture. Keywords : biogas; cow manure; chicken manure; papain
Efektifitas Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Rumah Sakit “X” Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Arifin Arifin , Istiqamah Istiqamah , Hamzani Sulaiman 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Effectivity of waste water treatment installations in Hospital’s X Banjar Regency.Hospital’s X has a wastewater treatment Installations which began operating from the year 2008 – until now. The system uses the wastewater treatment Installations processing system for aerobic and anaerobic biological in a wastewater treatment process using media hive of bees to do the filtering. In the media there is a biofilm that attached to the media hive of bees to help the process of decomposition of organic and inorganic materials. This research aims to know the performance of waste water treatment installations in Hospital’s X Banjar Regency. This type of research is descriptive, i.e. describe the performance measurement quality by doing the wastewater treatment Installations for parameters pH, temperature, BOD, COD, TSS, and free Ammonia (NH3-N) and compared with Regulation of South Kalimantan Governor number 04 in 2007 about the raw quality of liquid waste for the activities of the hospital. The research design used observation, interviews and measurements. Method of sampling used composite sampling. The results showed that the performance of the the wastewater treatment Installations at Hospital’s X still hasn't been fullest measurement results from the laboratory, the value of the measurement of BOD, COD, TSS and Ammonia free still not qualify. This is due to the existence of problems on aerobic processing, bak bak bak pengendap end, chlorination and a monitoring that is the abundance of mud that settles in the base of the tub because it never done drain the mud. Efforts to improve the performance of the the wastewater treatment Installations i.e. preferably done drain sludge routinely on the bak-bak processing every 6 months, installing blower manual in aerobic processing and adds additional equalization tubs. Keywords: Effectivity of the wastewater treatment Installations, waste water, hospital
Penerapan Hygiene Sanitasi Makanan Minuman Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan (LAPAS) Anak
Authors: Khaerani Suci Nurul , Raharja Munawar , Rahmawati Rahmawati 
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Application of hygiene and sanitation of food and drink in Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Anak (LAPAS). Lembaga Pemasyarakatan is have purpose to provide guidance to prisoner in Indonesia. The average population density Lapas the over capacity in Indonesia. Based on recent data form Kantor Wilayah Kementrian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, the number of population in LAPAS class II A Martapura was ranked third highestof the 13 LAPAS in Kalimantan Selatan with the number of population of about 921 people. With many of population, application of hygiene and sanitation of food an drink need to be implement for the implementation of food safety. The purpose of this research was to determine how the application of the hygiene and sanitation of food and drink in LAPAS class II A Martapura. The study was conducted by observing how security measures against food, equipment, food handlers, and food holder then comparing them with standard. The results showed thet the application of the hygiene and sanitation of food and drink in the category overall enough. For variable security measures on the equipment and food handlers in the category less, variable security measures on the food holder in the category enough, and variable security measures on the food in the category good. To the optimize application of hygiene and sanitation of food and drink in Lapas, efforts to do is add sanitation facilities food holder modify the open space, ordered food ingredients should not use the car open and do not slam, washed equipment performed with the correct phases and use soap, and stroge equipment stored in a safe place to minimize contamination of biological, physical, chemical. Keywords : Application Higiene and sanitation of food and drink
Kadar Sisa Klor Terhadap Nilai MPN Coliform Pada Jaringan Perpipaan PDAM Di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara
Authors: Rifani Muhammad , Raharja Munawar , Isnawati Isnawati 
Published: September 2019

Abstract : Study of free chlorine levels with a value of MPN coliform in water piping distribution PDAM Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara Year 2016. Provision of safe drinking water must also meet quality requirements which include requirements physical, chemical, bacteriological and radiological. River water one source of raw water for water companies. Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara is a provider of clean water. Based on secondary data report PDAM to maintain water quality after processing up to the distribution network PDAM using chlorine disinfection materials. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the value of the levels of residual chlorine by MPN coliform in the water pipeline distribution network PDAM. This type of research is observational analytic with cross sectional study design. The samples used were water PDAM Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara in the distribution network at a distance of 0, 2, 4, and 6 km from the reservoir. The results showed that decreased levels of free chlorine from distance making 0, 2, 4 and 6 km between 1.5 to 0.0 mg / L. Test results showed coliform MPN value is 0 / 100mL. After testing regression analysis the effect of distance on the maximum levels of residual chlorine with R = 0.834 (strong) and regression analysis test the effect of distance to the minimum levels of residual chlorine with R = 0.943 (strong). To test the statistical relationship between the levels of residual chlorine with coliform MPN value was not done because the results of the coliform MPN no difference. All parameters examined in this study meet the requirements under Permenkes No. 492 / Menkes / PER / VI / 2010. Efforts to do is do a jar test dose in increments of water disinfection, to supervise the treatment system and the distribution network piping. Keywords: PDAM water, distance distribution networks, free chlorine, MPN coliform
'The Yellow River Comes from Our Hands': Silt, Hydroelectricity, and the Sanmenxia Dam, 1929-1973
Authors: Ding Xiangli 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Focusing on the planning and construction of the Sanmenxia hydropower project, this article analyses the dynamics and tensions between energy demand and the nature of the Yellow River in the twentieth century. From the late 1920s, Japanese engineers aimed to develop hydroelectric power by building dams on the Yellow River. They viewed the Yellow River as an important source of hydroelectric power for building the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere. When Chinese Communists took control, they claimed that the primary function of the Sanmenxia project was flood control. Yet, influenced by the Soviet Union and the Chinese Communist state's industrialisation efforts, the engineers also emphasised the generation of electrical power, which resulted in a high dam design. The silting of the reservoir, however, frustrated the ambition of the Chinese leaders and engineers and resulted in the production of much lower and unstable power output upon the dam's completion.
À PORTA DAS CELAS: A RESSIGNIFICAÇÃO DO ‘EU’ ATRAVÉS DA INFLUÊNCIA DO DISCURSO RELIGIOSO NA PRISÃO
Authors: Carvalho Nunes Ana Idalina 
Published: September 2019

Este artigo analisa o efeito do discurso religioso na ressignificação do eu de homens que cumprem pena no presídio de Cataguases (MG) e avalia o impacto dessa ressignificação sobre o comportamento desses homens, dentro e fora das celas. O estudo tem como base teórica principal o interacionismo simbólico de Goffman e a análise do discurso francesa de Pêcheux por Eni Orlandi, mas também recorre às teorias de Althusser e de Marcuse para discutir o aparente paradoxo que existe entre a hipótese de ressignificação do eu a partir do discurso religioso e o posicionamento da religião como aparelho ideológico de Estado. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de duas incursões: a primeira na escola prisional (2012-2013), da qual se utiliza aqui a antologia “Poetas da liberdade” organizada a partir da produção poética dos alunos; a segunda, realizada dentro das galerias do presídio entre abril e agosto de 2016 e em fevereiro de 2017, através de entrevistas e da observação participante, permite a identificação situações que se configuram como ‘mortificação do eu’ e que caracterizam o presídio como instituição total. Como resultado, são identificadas quatro formas básicas de ressignificação do eu pelo discurso religioso, que vão alterar a percepção que esses homens têm de si mesmos, dos outros e, consequentemente, do mundo.
Aportes a la Arqueología reduccional. El caso de Nuestra Señora de Ibitiracuá (Concepción de la Sierra, Misiones, Argentina)
Authors: Ocampo Amanda E. , Richard Alejandro , Sastre Yamila , Candelario Soledad 
Published: September 2019

A partir de los primeros trabajos arqueológicos que se vienen realizando en el casco histórico de la localidad de Concepción de la Sierra (provincia de Misiones, Argentina), antiguo emplazamiento de la reducción jesuítica-guaraní Nuestra Señora de Ibitiracuá, y el análisis preliminar de los materiales recuperados en distintos sondeos, se discuten los datos obtenidos en relación a antecedentes regionales para momentos pre y post-hispánicos. Se plantea el análisis de los atributos formales de las evidencias recuperadas en estas primeras intervenciones con el objetivo de identificar las características presentes en los materiales que se preservaron bajo la superficie, a pesar del alto dinamismo y disturbación del contexto arqueológico. Los resultados hasta ahora obtenidos avalan por un lado, la periodicidad de diferentes momentos históricos y por otro, la continuidad en determinados estilos cerámicos que se observa para tiempos prehispánicos. Por último, se discute el alto grado de reutilización espacial y material, como así también el rol de nuestra disciplina en torno a un patrimonio vivo y dinámico amenazado por la creciente urbanización.
IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI DI RA SABILUL HUDA DESA LABAN MENGANTI GRESIK
Authors: Syaikhon Muhammad 
Published: September 2019

This research is the kind of research the field with the approach descriptive qualitative with the title the implementation of character education early childhood in RA Sabilul Huda Laban Menganti Gresik. This research aims to review the process of implementation of character education on early childhood in RA Sabilul Huda Laban Menganti Gresik and to know the supporting factors and the inhibitors. Technique of data collection is by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Analysis of data is with three stages, the reduction of data , presentation of data, and withdrawal conclusions/ verification
These research findings can be concluded that the implementation of character education early childhood in RA Sabilul Huda Laban Menganti Gresik is through three rounds of including planning, implementation, and evaluation. The planning in the process of the implementation of characters education is begun by inserting the character values into the school curriculum, annual program, semester program, Program of Learning Plan weekly/Rencana Program Pembelajaran Mingguan (RPPM), and Program of Learning Plan dayly Rencana Program Pembelajaran Harian (RPPH). The process of implementation of character education is integrated in learning activities , exemplary, and habit.While the scoring in the process of applying character education integrated in the assessment of learning and spontaneous assessment conducted by educator.
In the process of the implementation of character education in RA Sabilul Huda there are factors that support and inhibit. The factors that support the implementation of the character education are the charge of character education in the school curriculum, the motivations of school for the quality of output, the infrastructure that supports for the implementation of character education is enough. While the factors that inhibits the implementation of the character education are different characteristic students, the different environmental of students, the funding of character education still charged fully to the school, the students readily not focus, and the monitoring of the center of curriculum is not enough.
MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Ramdhan Tri Wahyudi 
Published: September 2019

This research discuss about curriculum development of multicultural. The discussions about curriculum development are very diverse which consists of elements (1) planning; (2) implementation (3) evaluation. But in this research, not all elements of curriculum development are a concern, but will only be focused on the curriculum planning element done by SMA 1 Kediri. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of case study. Whereas in collecting data using participatory observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. And the data collected was analyzed using an interactive analysis model. The results of this research show that curriculum planning in SMA 1 uses a parallel model through three stages, namely (1) strategic planning, (2) program planning and (3) planning of learning activities by producing products containing multicultural dimensions through processes that also contain dimensions multicultural
KAJIAN BERBAGAI TIPE PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH SUNGAI DI ASIA SEBAGAI ACUAN DALAM PENENTUAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR
Authors: SURYA DEWI NI MADE NIA BUNGA 
Published: September 2019

The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is significant to do in order to obtain water supply availability including inter-sector perspective, diverse of water future needs, and its present availability and orientation towards the 'triple bottom line', such as social, economi,c and environment. In the past decade, most countries in Asia have already adopted national water policies that advocate IWRM in river basins. However, IWRM implementation is still at an early stage. IWRM at the basin level is best provided by a River Basin Organization (RBO) by facilitating and/ or implementing various development processes and management. Across Asia, a variety of small and large RBOs are now helping governments and stakeholders to implement IWRM in river basins. Some RBOs operate within the structures of regular government departments. In other cases, however, a corporate or quasi-corporate model has been selected, to provide RBOs with greater autonomy in their management, capacity development, and revenue generation. The research attempts to study distinction between three types of RBO: council/committee, public/ government, and corporation. Thus, it can determine the most appropriate type of river management applied in river basin
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA DENGAN KONSEP CBT (COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM) DI DESA LABUAN PANDAN
Authors: ARYAWAN ASASANDI I GUSTI NGURAH , AFZAL MUHAMMAD 
Published: September 2019

Tourism is one of the promising business sectors, if local people can see well the potential available around their neighborhood. With the position of the country of Indonesia which is located on the equator which causes diverse types of flora and fauna, as well as the archipelago's topography providing a stretch of both coastal and cultural diversity available, it is no wonder that tourism opportunities are still wide open to be developed. Labuan Pandan Village is a coastal village with 2 (two) dykes in the east, so that it becomes a magnet for tourists who want to see first hand the beauty of coral reefs and mangrove ecosystems. Tourism stretching has begun to be seen in the activity of tourism activists who joined a community called KOMPAK (Labuan Pandan Kreatif Youth Community). The concept of CBT (Community Based Tourism) has been started by the KOMPAK community since 2017 and of course since then the people in Labuan Pandan Village are involved in the tour activities. This study aims (1) To examine the process of empowering local communities with the concept of CBT (Community Based Tourism), (2) Constraints faced by the community in conducting tourism activities with the concept of CBT (Community Based Tourism) in Labuan Pandan Village. This research method uses descriptive method with a qualitative approach; the data used are primary and secondary. Primary data obtained from interviews and observations. The results showed that: (1) Community empowerment activities through village tourism with the concept of CBT (Community Based Tourism) went very well. This is indicated by the high level of community participation in existing tourism activities. This includes preparing accommodation, culinary, cultural arts performances and participating in educational learning activities (Educational Tourism), (2) Constraints faced by the community, that is, they have not mastered fluent foreign languages, so that they are quite inhibiting information disclosure.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR LEMBAGA NEGARA DAN SISTIM PENYELENGGARAAN KEKUASAAN NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR 1945 SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH AMANDEMEN
Authors: MZ H. ISMAIL 
Published: September 2019

The amendment to the 1945 Constitution after the 1998 reform is based on the experience of the practice of state administration by the old and new order governments which are often referred to as authoritarian government systems, both overt and covert. The 1945 Constitution indeed gives enormous power to the President, both Sukarno and Suharto. Weaknesses contained in the 1945 Constitution that triggers the birth of the demands of the reformists to make amendments to the 1945 Constitution, especially concerning the power and term of office of the President. It is important to realize that after the 1945 Constitution is amended, it has very basic implications for the structure of the Republic of Indonesia. Before the amendment to the 1945 Constitution the existing state institutions are the People's Consultative Assembly, the President, the People's Representative Council, the Supreme Consultative Council, the Supreme Audit Board and the Supreme Court, whose titles are divided into two, namely the highest state institutions which are embedded in the People's Consultative Assembly, and the other is a high-level state institution. After changes or amendments to the 1945 Constitution from 1999 to 2002 have implications for changes in the structure of existing state institutions and the number becomes more than before the change. The state institutions after the change are explicitly mentioned in the nomenclature such as: the People's Consultative Assembly, the House of Representatives, the Regional Representative Council, the Regional People's Representative Council, the President and Vice President, the Minister (Specially the Minister of the Interior, the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Minister of Defense ) Governor, Regent, Mayor, Indonesian National Army, Republic of Indonesia National Police, Supreme Court, Constitutional Court, Judicial Commission and Supreme Audit Board. While there are other state institutions whose nomenclature is not mentioned explicitly namely; Advisory Council, Election Commission and Central Bank. As a consequence of the amendment to the 1945 Constitution, the constitutional system adopted has also changed. If before the change to the constitutional system adopted is the cameral union representative system, but after the change into the bicameral system, some even called it tri kameral