bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secular spin-axis dynamics of exoplanets
Authors: Saillenfest M. , Laskar J. , Boué G. 
Published: January 2019

Context. Seasonal variations and climate stability of a planet are very sensitive to the planet obliquity and its evolution. This is of particular interest for the emergence and sustainability of land-based life, but orbital and rotational parameters of exoplanets are still poorly constrained. Numerical explorations usually realised in this situation are therefore in heavy contrast with the uncertain nature of the available data.
Aims. We aim to provide an analytical formulation of the long-term spin-axis dynamics of exoplanets, linking it directly to physical and dynamical parameters, but still giving precise quantitative results if the parameters are well known. Together with bounds for the poorly constrained parameters of exoplanets, this analysis is designed to enable a quick and straightforward exploration of the spin-axis dynamics.
Methods. The long-term orbital solution is decomposed into quasi-periodic series and the spin-axis Hamiltonian is expanded in powers of eccentricity and inclination. Chaotic zones are measured by the resonance overlap criterion. Bounds for the poorly known parameters of exoplanets are obtained from physical grounds (rotational breakup) and dynamical considerations (equipartition of the angular momentum deficit).
Results. This method gives accurate results when the orbital evolution is well known. The detailed structure of the chaotic zones for the solar system planets can be retrieved from simple analytical formulas. For less-constrained planetary systems, the maximal extent of the chaotic regions can be computed, requiring only the mass, the semi-major axis, and the eccentricity of the planets present in the system. Additionally, some estimated bounds of the precession constant allow to classify which observed exoplanets are necessarily out of major spin-orbit secular resonances (unless the precession rate is affected by the presence of massive satellites).
A historical overview and annotated bibliography of the studies on the Arabic grammatical tradition in al-Andalus
Authors: Binaghi Francesco 
Published: January 2019

Arabic grammatical studies in al-Andalus have never drawn much attention in the two fields of Arabic grammatical thought and al-Andalus. However, a tradition of studies goes back to the beginning of the 20thcentury and, after some notable contributions between the 1980s and the 2000s, it is now witnessing a renewal in interest and approaches.The present historical overview and annotated bibliography of relevant research up until mid-2018 aims at providing a comprehensive, chronologically organised state of the art, which will help to identify new trends and possibilities for further research, thus facilitating future contributions to this field.
Deutschsprachige Validierung des Body-Q – standardisiertes
PRO-Messinstrument nach bariatrischen und körperformenden
Eingriffen
Authors: Hermann Natalie , Klassen Anne , Luketina Rosalia , Vogt Peter M. , Busch Kay Hendrik 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Beurteilung der Lebensqualität-Veränderung mittels Patientenfeedback ist eine
der wichtigsten Informationsquellen zur Qualitätssteigerung körperformender
und/oder postbariatrischer Eingriffe. Standardisierte Messmethode ist dabei von
außerordentlicher Bedeutung. BODY-Q (A. Klassen et al.) ist ein vielseitiges
valides Messinstrument und umfasst auf insgesamt 26 Skalen die Beurteilung des
äußeren Erscheinungsbildes einzelner Körperregionen, die psychosozialen bzw.
gesellschaftlichen Aspekte, die Funktionalität und Einschränkungen im Alltag
sowie die Zufriedenheit mit dem medizinischen Personal und der Behandlung. All
diese Aspekte werden zum ersten Mal in einem Prozess objektiviert und
letztendlich quantifiziert. Jede Skala beinhaltet vier bis 10 Aussagen, welche
von Patienten zu vier möglichen Ausprägungen zugeordnet werden können. BODY-Q
wurde entsprechend den Richtlinien der ISPOR-Organisation (International Society
for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research) kreiert und zahlreichen
psychometrischen Tests unterzogen. BODY-Q zeigte konsistente Ergebnisse und
wurde somit zu einem standardisierten PRO-Messinstrument (Patient Related
Outcome) zur Beurteilung der Lebensqualität nach postbariatrischen und/oder
körperformenden Eingriffen.Zwecks internationaler Anwendbarkeit bestehen Richtlinien zur sprachlichen
Validierung solcher Messinstrumente. Diese sind durch eine der Organisationen
der ISPOR-Gesellschaft etabliert worden. Folgend diesen Richtlinien erfolgte die
sprachliche Validierung in den Niederlanden, Dänemark, Finnland und Polen. In
dieser Arbeit führten wir die sprachliche Validierung des BODY-Q zu Deutsch
unter Anwendung der entsprechenden Richtlinien durch. Hierbei entstand aus einer
Rohfassung der Übersetzung die Rückübersetzung in die Original-Sprache Englisch,
welche von den Originalautoren kommentiert wurde. Diese Kommentare wurden
berücksichtigt und mehrfache Patienteninterviews wurden geführt, um die
Anwendbarkeit des Messinstrumentes ohne inhaltliche Missverständnisse zu
erreichen.Angestrebt wird eine internationale Zusammenarbeit mit der Möglichkeit der
Erstellung großer und einheitlicher Patientenkohorten, um hierdurch
aussagekräftigere Ergebnisse zu generieren, welche wiederum der Verbesserung der
Behandlungsqualität in der Plastischen Chirurgie dienen.
Does the Duration and Severity of Symptoms Have an Impact on Relief of Symptoms after Carpal Tunnel Release?
Authors: Masud Mehreen , Rashid Mamoon , Malik Saleem , Ibrahim Khan Muhommad , Sarwar Saad-ur-Rehman 
Published: January 2019

Rationale Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most frequently encountered compressive neuropathy of the upper limb. The treatment of CTS ranges from conservative management to carpal tunnel release. Many patients with misconception about the potential morbidity and with the hope of successful conservative treatment delay the surgical release of carpal tunnel. This delay results in reduced recovery of sensory and motor median nerve function.
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of preoperative duration and severity of symptom on the outcome of carpal tunnel surgery.
Method It included 45 cases of CTS, all treated with limited access open carpal tunnel release. The duration of symptoms (i.e., pain, numbness, tingling, waking up at night because of pain/numbness, difficulty in grasping small objects, and their preoperative severity) was noted using Boston CTS questionnaire. To investigate the outcome, patients were divided into three groups based on their duration of symptoms.
Result Group1: The severity of symptoms was reduced to normal in a short period of time in patients who presented with duration of symptoms less than 6 months. Group 2: Patients in whom symptoms lasted for 6 to 12 months had reduced or delayed recovery of hand function as compared with first group. Group 3: Patients who had symptoms for more than 12 months had incomplete recovery of grip strength. Return to normal function took the longest time (median: 16 weeks) in this group.
Conclusion This study suggests that patients who present late have delayed/incomplete relief of symptoms after carpal tunnel release.
Long-Term Treatment with Thrombomodulin Improves Functional Outcomes after Cerebral Ischemia Even if Administration is Delayed
Authors: Nakano Takafumi , Nakamura Yoshihiko , Matsuyama Kiyoshi , Irie Keiichi , Yasumura Mako , Hirata Yurie , Yamasaki Motoki , Misumi Kanae , Yamashita Yuta , Myose Takayuki , Matsuo Koichi , Sano Kazunori , Kamimura Hidetoshi , Ishikura Hiroyasu , Egawa Takashi , Mishima Kenichi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOur previous study indicated that recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhsTM) could attenuate brain damage when administered as a bolus in the cerebral ischaemic early phase. Then, we considered that treatment with rhsTM may show therapeutic effects even when administered in the ischaemic delayed phase, because rhsTM has an action of inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a late mediator of lethal systemic inflammation. This study was performed to investigate the effects of delayed treatment with rhsTM on ischaemic brain damage induced by high HMGB1 level in mice subjected to 4-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). One day after MCAO, rhsTM was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 or 5 mg/kg once a day for 7 days. Neurological score, motor coordination and HMGB1 levels were measured 1, 3 and 7 days after MCAO. The presence of activated microglia was evaluated 7 days after MCAO. Systemic HMGB1 levels increased 1 to 7 days after MCAO and were higher at 7 days compared with day 1. At the same time, survival rate decreased, and activated microglia increased in the infarct area. Treatment with rhsTM improved neurological score, motor coordination, survival and prevented brain damage. Moreover, rhsTM decreased both HMGB1 level and number of activated M1 microglia. The results of this study indicated that rhsTM improved functional outcomes via inhibition of HMGB1 up-regulation and M1 microglial activation in the cerebral ischaemic delayed phase. rhsTM may become a new therapeutic agent with a wide therapeutic time window in patients with cerebral ischaemia.
Management of Jugular Bulb Injuries during Endoscopic Ear Surgery: Our Experience
Authors: Ferri Gaetano , Fermi Matteo , Alicandri-Ciufelli Matteo , Villari Domenico , Presutti Livio 
Published: January 2019

Objectives The main objective of this article is to describe endoscopic management of intraoperative massive bleeding from jugular bulb injury during exclusively transcanal endoscopic procedures for middle ear pathologies.
Design Case series with chart review.
Setting Tertiary referral center.
Participants We retrospectively reviewed two patients who experienced jugular bulb injury during endoscopic transcanal approach for glomus tympanicum and chronic otitis media. The surgical videos and charts were carefully investigated and analyzed.
Main Outcome Measures Feasibility and suitability of exclusive endoscopic management of jugular bulb bleeding and description of surgical maneuvers that should be performed to obtain safe and effective hemostasis.
Results In both patients, jugular bulb bleeding was progressively controlled by means of exclusive endoscopic approach with no need to convert to microscopic approach. None of the cases required a second surgeon helping in keeping the endoscope during hemostatic maneuvers. Both patients had a normal postoperative period with no recurrence of hemorrhage.
Conclusions Endoscopic management of jugular bulb bleeding is feasible by using the technique described with reasonable efficacy and with no additional risk or morbidity to the procedure. Knowledge of anatomy and its variants, preoperative evaluation of imaging, and the ability of the surgeon to adapt the surgical technique to the specific case are recommended to prevent vascular complications during endoscopic ear surgery.
CSF Rhinorrhea Following Medical Treatment for Prolactinoma: Management and Challenges
Authors: Arimappamagan Arivazhagan , Sadashiva Nishanth , Kandregula Sandeep , Shukla Dhaval , Somanna Sampath 
Published: January 2019

Objective Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea following medical management of prolactinoma is a rare complication. We evaluated the clinical background of this condition, identify potential risk factors, and discuss the management options and challenges involved.
Methodology We retrospectively reviewed clinical details of patients who were treated for CSF leaks among patients treated for prolactinoma between 2013 and 2017.
Results Seven patients were treated for CSF rhinorrhea in the context of prolactinoma, with the age range between 24 and 56 years. Six patients had CSF leak following initiation of cabergoline, while one patient presented with CSF rhinorrhea. The time of onset of leak following medical treatment ranged from 14 days to 5 years. The mean preoperative serum prolactin level was 12,638 ng/mL (range: 1,000–26,287 ng/mL). All patients underwent repair of skull base defect. (four endoscopic, two microscopic, and one bifrontal craniotomy). The site of defect in the majority of patients was the sellar floor. Two patients who were initially managed with acetazolamide alone, eventually required surgical repair. Three patients were cured of CSF leak with a single procedure. Three patients had to undergo re-exploration and endoscopic repair after their first surgery failed. Two patients required lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt after a failed endoscopic transsphenoidal repair.
Conclusion Surgical management for medically-induced CSF rhinorrhea is necessary; however, it can pose significant issues. Endoscopic repair of the defect should be considered at the earliest. Multiple surgical procedures are often required because of skull base erosion. LP shunt can be considered if CSF leak persists following multiple surgeries.
Retrospective Review Analysis of Interventional Radiologic Endovascular Coil Embolization versus Neurosurgical Clipping in Management of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Mohan Abhinav Amarnath , Banode Pankaj , Dhomne Sachin 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background Ruptured intracranial aneurysm and nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are synonyms and indicators of a high-risk medical emergency. They can be treated either with endovascular approach with interventional radiological (IR) coil embolization or by neuro-surgical (NS) approach by clipping with each having their own merits and demerits and time-tested applications either requiring perioperative expectant management to prevent or curb complications of SAH or post-procedure aiming to achieve better patient outcomes. We conducted this retrospective study to analyze and gain experience from our past cases managed at tertiary care super specialty center and serve as baseline study to implement further studies and have insight for future trends in rural hospital setup in management of critical cases aimed to improve and upscale clinical outcomes in these patients.
Materials and Methods Study comprised patients belonging to either of two groups, depending on the management they underwent. Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results The overall study population consisted of 29.83% males and 70.18% females in this study. The overall mean age was found to be 47.33 years (standard deviation [SD] 15.68 years). In IR group, the pre- and post-procedure modified Fisher's scale (MFS) values were 53 and 50, respectively, in 31 cases, whereas the same in NS group were 43 and 53, respectively, in 23 cases. The difference change in MFS for pre- to post-procedure in IR group was small (3) and showed decreasing trend (from 53 to 50 as well as in individual Fisher grade) whereas that in NS group was big (10) and showed increasing trends (from 43 to 53 as well as in the individual Fisher grade).
Conclusion Endovascular coil embolization is the surgery of choice for management of intracranial aneurysm and is minimally invasive procedure with favorable comparative outcomes on MFS than NS clipping group in our study. We recommend undertaking further prospective comparative study, incorporating our study principles and observations with inclusion of prospective clinical scale—modified Rankin's scale (MRS).
A network’s gender composition and communication pattern predict women’s leadership success
Authors: Yang Yang , Chawla Nitesh V. , Uzzi Brian 
Published: January 2019

SignificanceGraduate programs increasingly place women directly into leadership positions. For men, centrality in the school-wide student network predicts job-rank placement. Women’s placement is also predicted by centrality and the presence of a distinctive inner circle of women in their network. The inner circle of high-placing women displays an unusual network duality: The network has cliquish ties among women, but each woman is connected to a separate set of third-party contacts. This dual connectivity of strong and weak ties appears to provide simultaneous access to gender-related tacit information important for women’s success as well as diverse job-market data needed for successful job search and negotiations.
Rhomboidal Pt(II) metallacycle-based NIR-II theranostic nanoprobe for tumor diagnosis and image-guided therapy
Authors: Sun Yue , Ding Feng , Zhou Zhixuan , Li Chonglu , Pu Maoping , Xu Yuling , Zhan Yibei , Lu Xiaoju , Li Haibing , Yang Guangfu , Sun Yao , Stang Peter J. 
Published: January 2019

Significance
The biomedical applications of fluorescent anticancer agents in the first near-IR region (NIR-I) have been hampered by problems of photostability, autofluorescence, and limited penetration depth in biological tissues. To shift the fluorescence theranostic region from the NIR-I to the longer-wavelength region for accurate cancer diagnosis and treatment, Pt(II) metallacycle-based fluorescent nanoprobe 1 with fluorescence emission in the NIR-II region is designed. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that 1 has good photostability and the ability to efficiently inhibit the growth of tumor with minimal side effects. It also improves the fluorescent imaging quality and signal-to-noise ratio for cancer theranostics. This study provides an opportunity for further design of NIR-II theranostic anticancer agents for future biomedical applications.
The prognostic value of 2D strain in assessment of the right ventricle in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Seo Jongkwon , Jung In Hyun , Park Jin Hye , Kim Gwang Sil , Lee Hye Young , Byun Young Sup , Kim Byung Ok , Rhee Kun Joo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aims
Several studies have been reported using right ventricular (RV) strain as a method for evaluating RV function in patients with various cardiovascular diseases; however, the clinical relevance of RV strain in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients with sinus rhythm is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between RV strain and adverse events in DCM patients with sinus rhythm.

Methods and results
We enrolled 143 DCM patients with sinus rhythm who had been first diagnosed, evaluated, and followed at Sanggye Paik Hospital between March 2013 and August 2017. We performed echocardiography and measured RV strain values using the apical four-chamber view. The mean age was 64.6 years. During the median follow-up period of 40.0 months, adverse cardiovascular events developed in 21 patients (14.7%). By Cox proportional hazards multivariate analysis, only RV free wall longitudinal strain (RV-FWLS) independently predicted the primary outcome. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the optimal RV-FWLS cut-off value to identify patients with an event was −16.5% (area under the curve = 0.703, P = 0.003). When we divided the subjects into two groups based on the RV-FWLS of −16.5%, patients with RV-FWLS <−16.5% showed more favourable clinical outcomes than that in those with RV-FWLS ≥−16.5% (log-rank test, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
RV-FWLS was associated with a significant prognostic impact in DCM patients with sinus rhythm.
Living alone is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: 32 years of follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study
Authors: Jensen Magnus T , Marott Jacob L , Holtermann Andreas , Gyntelberg Finn 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aims
As a consequence of modern urban life, an increasing number of individuals are living alone. Living alone may have potential adverse health implications. The long-term relationship between living alone and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, however, remains unclear.

Methods and results
Participants from The Copenhagen Male Study were included in 1985–86 and information about conventional behavioural, psychosocial, and environmental risk factors were collected. Socioeconomic position (SEP) was categorized into four groups. Multivariable Cox-regression models were performed with follow-up through the Danish National Registries. A total of 3346 men were included, mean (standard deviation) age 62.9 (5.2) years. During 32.2 years of follow-up, 89.4% of the population died and 38.9% of cardiovascular causes. Living alone (9.6%) was a significant predictor of mortality. Multivariable risk estimates were [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)] 1.23 (1.09–1.39), P = 0.001 for all-cause mortality and 1.36 (1.13–1.63), P = 0.001 for cardiovascular mortality. Mortality risk was modified by SEP. Thus, there was no association in the highest SEP but for all other SEP categories, e.g. highest SEP for all-cause mortality 1.01 (0.7–1.39), P = 0.91 and 0.94 (0.6–1.56), P = 0.80 for cardiovascular mortality; lowest SEP 1.58 (1.16–2.19), P = 0.004 for all-cause mortality and 1.87 (1.20–2.90), P = 0.005 for cardiovascular mortality. Excluding participants dying within 5 years of inclusion (n = 274) did not change estimates, suggesting a minimal influence of reverse causation.

Conclusions
Living alone was an independent risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with more than three decades of follow-up. Individuals in middle- and lower SEPs were at particular risk. Health policy initiatives should target these high-risk individuals.
Counterfactual Scheming
Authors: Baron Sam 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mathematics appears to play a genuine explanatory role in science. But how do mathematical explanations work? Recently, a counterfactual approach to mathematical explanation has been suggested. I argue that such a view fails to differentiate the explanatory uses of mathematics within science from the non-explanatory uses. I go on to offer a solution to this problem by combining elements of the counterfactual theory of explanation with elements of a unification theory of explanation. The result is a theory according to which a counterfactual is explanatory when it is an instance of a generalized counterfactual scheme.
Big DNA as a tool to dissect an age-related macular degeneration-associated haplotype
Authors: Laurent Jon M , Fu Xin , German Sergei , Maurano Matthew T , Zhang Kang , Boeke Jef D 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the developed world, especially in aging populations, and is therefore an important target for new therapeutic development. Recently, there have been several studies demonstrating strong associations between AMD and sites of heritable genetic variation at multiple loci, including a highly significant association at 10q26. The 10q26 risk region contains two genes, HTRA1 and ARMS2, both of which have been separately implicated as causative for the disease, as well as dozens of sites of non-coding variation. To date, no studies have successfully pinpointed which of these variant sites are functional in AMD, nor definitively identified which genes in the region are targets of such regulatory variation. In order to efficiently decipher which sites are functional in AMD phenotypes, we describe a general framework for combinatorial assembly of large ‘synthetic haplotypes’ along with delivery to relevant disease cell types for downstream functional analysis. We demonstrate the successful and highly efficient assembly of a first-draft 119kb wild-type ‘assemblon’ covering the HTRA1/ARMS2 risk region. We further propose the parallelized assembly of a library of combinatorial variant synthetic haplotypes covering the region, delivery and analysis of which will identify functional sites and their effects, leading to an improved understanding of AMD development. We anticipate that the methodology proposed here is highly generalizable towards the difficult problem of identifying truly functional variants from those discovered via GWAS or other genetic association studies.