bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supercritical-flow Deposits and Their Distribution in a Submarine Channel System, Middle Eocene, Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees
Authors: Cornard Pauline H. , Pickering Kevin T. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Studies of supercritical-flow deposits (SFDs) and their spatial distribution in ancient deep-water systems should provide an additional tool to improve the understanding of the flow dynamics during deposition and the architecture of sandbodies. Outcrop recognition of SFDs in ancient deep-marine environments remains poorly documented, although their study dates back to the 1970s. This paper focusses on the criteria for recognizing SFDs and their distribution in three selected depositional environments from an ancient mid-lower slope to a proximal-basin floor setting in the middle Eocene Ainsa Basin, Spanish Pyrenees. From field observations, six facies associations interpreted as related to supercritical flow are defined. These facies associations are grouped in two categories. The first group includes facies associations related to erosional coarse-grained supercritical-flow bedforms related to meter and centimeter-scale scours and backfilling structures interpreted as large-scale cyclic steps or small-scale cyclic steps, respectively. Erosional coarse-grained supercritical bedforms are observed mainly in relatively high-gradient slopes and relatively confined settings. The second group of facies associations are related to depositional fine-grained supercritical-flow bedforms associated with upflow-dipping sandstone lenses, upflow-stacked wavy bedforms, upflow-stacked sigmoidal bedforms, and plane beds, interpreted as unstable and stable antidunes and upper-flow-regime plane beds. Depositional fine-grained supercritical-flow bedforms are observed mainly in relatively unconfined settings such as lower-slope, break-of-slope and proximal basin-floor environments. Two main SFD trends were observed in the Ainsa Basin in: (i) an axial-lateral direction, showing a decrease in SFDs from channel axis to channel margin, and (ii) a longitudinal proximal–distal direction, showing an increase in SFDs from the Gerbe System (mid-slope environment), to the Banastón System (proximal basin-floor environment), to the Ainsa System (lower-slope environment). From this study, two parameters are recognized as likely playing an important role on whether a flow is under supercritical or subcritical conditions: (i) confinement of the sandbodies, and (ii) slope gradient.
Mesocosm and Microcosm Experiments On the Feeding of Temperate Salt Marsh Foraminifera
Authors: Frail-Gauthier Jennifer L. , Mudie Peta J. , Simpson Alastair G. B. , Scott David B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAgglutinated foraminifera dominate in temperate salt marsh sediment, making them key indicators for monitoring sea level and environmental changes. Little is known about the biology of these benthic foraminifera because of difficulties in distinguishing live from dead specimens in laboratory cultures. We present data from 10 years of laboratory experiments using comparisons of the agglutinant trochamminids Trochammina inflata and Entzia macrescens and the miliolid Miliammina fusca with the calcareous rotalids Helenina anderseni and Elphidium williamsoni. Specimens were taken from a laboratory mesocosm representing Chezzetcook Inlet, a cool-temperate salt marsh in eastern Canada. We determined culture requirements for the agglutinated foraminifera in Petri dishes over 10–12 week periods. Five inexpensive, non-terminal ways of identifying live organisms were developed: spatial movement, detritus-gathering, attachment, clustering, and test opacity. Comparison with rose Bengal staining showed <10% diversion for calcareous species and T. inflata but M. fusca was over-counted by >30%. Terminal chambers of Trochammina inflata were examined by transmission electron microscopy to visualise food consumption and identify food in digestive vacuoles, both in specimens from mesocosm and in culture. Bacteria and unidentified detritus in the vacuoles establish that this agglutinated species is a saprophagous and bacterivorous detritivore. The adhesive secretions by these species apparently help them gather and possibly farm food while being relatively immobile in the sediments. Our observations of movement and feeding orientation in the agglutinants suggest links between form and function that underscore their value as ultra high resolution sea-level proxies. Mesocosm biomass and abundance counts show that foraminifera represent >50% of the meiofaunal biomass, emphasising their importance in the food web and energy-flow dynamics of temperate salt marsh systems.
Arts, mental distress, mental health functioning &amp; mental wellbeing: fixed-effects analyses of a nationally-representative panel study
Authors: Wang Senhu , Mak Hei Wan , Fancourt Daisy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

Arts engagement within communities is ubiquitous across cultures globally and previous research has suggested benefits for mental health and wellbeing. However, it remains unclear whether these benefits are due to the confounding impact of factors such as socio-economic status (SES), childhood arts engagement, previous mental health, personality, or self-selection bias. So this study used fixed effects models that account for even unidentified time-constant confounding measures to examine the longitudinal association between arts (frequency of both arts participation and cultural attendance), mental distress, mental health functioning, and mental wellbeing.

Methods

Data from 23,660 individuals (with a mean age of 47 years) included in the UK Understanding Society wave 2 (2010-2012) and wave 5 (2013-2015) were analyzed. Changes in frequencies of art engagement were related to changes in mental health within individual over time whilst accounting for time-varying confounders.

Results

After controlling for all time-constant variables and identified time-varying confounders, frequent arts participation and cultural attendance were associated with lower levels of mental distress and higher levels of life satisfaction, with arts participation additionally associated with higher mental health functioning. Health-related and social time-varying factors were shown to partly but not wholly explain the observed associations.

Conclusion

Arts engagement amongst the population as a whole may help enhance positive mental health and wellbeing, and protect against mental distress. These results are not explained by any time-constant confounding factors.
The effect of intraoperative lidocaine versus esmolol infusion on postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bajracharya Joshan Lal , Subedi Asish , Pokharel Krishna , Bhattarai Balkrishna 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: As a part of multimodal analgesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, administration of systemic lidocaine is a well-known technique. Similarly, esmolol has been found to have an opioid sparing effect in the perioperative setting. The aim of the study was to compare opioid consumption after an intraoperative infusion of lidocaine or esmolol in female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 90 female patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy received either IV lidocaine bolus 1.5 mg/kg at induction followed by infusion of 1.5 mg/ kg/hr or IV bolus of esmolol 0.5 mg/kg at induction followed by infusion of 5-15 µg/kg/min till the end of surgery. Standard anaesthetic protocol was followed. Postoperatively, patients received either IV morphine or tramadol to maintain VAS scores ≤ 3. The primary outcome was opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery. Pain and sedation scores, time to first perception of pain and void, and incidence of nausea/vomiting were secondary parameters measured up to 24 h postoperatively.
Results: Two patients in each group were excluded from the analysis. The postoperative median morphine consumption in patients receiving lidocaine and esmolol was 1.5 (1-2) mg and 1 (0-1.5) mg respectively (p=0.27). The median pain scores at various time intervals were comparable between the two groups (p>0.05). More patients receiving lidocaine were sedated in the PACU than those receiving esmolol (p<0.05); however, no difference was detected later.
Conclusion: There was no difference in postoperative opioid requirement and VAS score for pain in the first 24 h of surgery between the lidocaine and esmolol group. Patients receiving lidocaine were more sedated than those receiving esmolol in the early period after surgery.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Children Admitted At Selected Health Care Facilities In Moshi Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Daud Mzelifa , Nyombi Balthazar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a great challenge in preventing, controlling and treatment Gram-negative bacteria and has become a significant public health threat worldwide. The study aimed at determination of the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated in children admitted at health facilities in Moshi municipality, Tanzania.

Methodology

A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on archived rectal swabs collected from 282 children aged 3 to 168 months admitted at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital and Pasua health centre in Moshi municipality. Rectal swabs were cultured on MacConkey agar media. The isolated Escherichia coli was identified and antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar media.
Results

Escherichia coli were isolated in all 282 cultured archived rectal swabs and all isolates were susceptible to amikacin and meropenem. ESBL producers were 13.1% and 86.9% were non-ESBLs.

Conclusion

High resistance rate were observed on ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin among ESBL producing Escherichia coli. Among non ESBL producing Escherichia coli high resistance rate were observed on ampicillin and trimethoprim; however all isolates were sensitive to amikacin and meropenem.
Universally funded oral health care and oral health outcomes
Authors: Brondani Mario , Mathu-Muju Kavita , Skott Pia , Englund Gunilla Sandborgh , Hugo Fernando N , Ardenghi Thiago , Smith Moira , Thomson W Murray 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objectives

To critically review the oral health care systems of four countries with a universal public health care system in terms of structure, scope and delivery and their impact on oral health outcomes.

Methods

A comparative review on the oral health care systems from Brazil, New Zealand, Canada and Sweden was performed between August 2017 and January 2018 using PubMed/MEDLINE and the key words ‘universal’ AND ‘dental OR oral’ AND ‘care OR access’ AND ‘outcome’. This is a critical essay based on evidence available in the literature and interactive conversations with key informants in all four countries.

Results

Although all four countries provide universal health care, the administration, funding and delivery of oral health care varied. About 6% of oral health care expenditure in Canada are publicly-funded. Brazil provides free oral health care at the point of use via salaried dental professionals, while Sweden offers a high-cost protection plan favouring those with greater needs, and New Zealand delivers free oral health care to children only up to their 18th birthday. With service utilization varying from 44% to more than 80%, sixty-one percent of Canadian children, 67% of Swedish children, 50% of Brazilian children and 45% of New Zealand children are caries-free at age 12 while 6.4%, 0.8%, 6.5%, and 9.6% of adults between the ages of 20 and 79 years are edentulous, respectively.

Conclusions

All countries have some form of publicly-funded oral health care, but a wide spectrum of salary-based and private-practice delivery models exists. Services utilization and oral health outcomes differ in each country.
Impact of AKAP6 Polymorphisms on Glioma Susceptibility and Prognosis
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhao Yonglin , Zhao Junjie , Huang Tingqin , Guo Xiaoye , Ma Xudong , Wu Yuan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Purpose

Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. Our aim was to clarify the correlation between AKAP6 gene polymorphisms and glioma susceptibility and prognosis in Chinese Han population.

Methods

Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AKAP6 were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY in 575 glioma patients and 500 healthy controls. Logistic regression model was utilized to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The associations between polymorphisms and survival were assessed using the log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model.

Results

We found that rs2239647 polymorphism was strongly associated with an increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.90, p = 0.007) and a worse prognosis for glioma, especially in high-grade glioma (HR = 1.67, p = 0.034). Stratified analysis showed that rs2239647 increased the risk of glioma in female (OR = 1.62, p = 0.016). Whereas, rs4261436 (HR = 0.70, p = 0.045) and rs17522122 (HR = 0.75, p = 0.016) were associated with better prognosis of astrocytoma. In addition, we also found that surgical methods and chemotherapy are critical factors for the prognosis of glioma patients.

Conclusions

This study firstly provided evidence for the impact of AKAP6 polymorphisms on susceptibility and prognosis of glioma, suggesting AKAP6 variants might have potential roles in the etiology of glioma.
Magnesium sulfate reduces rocuronium dose needed for satisfactory double lumen tube placement condition in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Fei Shoujun , Xia Hengfu , Chen Xiaowei , Pang Dazhi , Xu Xuebing 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background: Using minimum dose of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) to achieve intubation condition is the goal in management of patients with myathenia gravis (MG). However, tracheal intubation with double lumen tube (DLT) can be challenging if intubation condition is not optimal. This double-blind randomised controlled study was designed to investigate whether magnesium sulfate would reduce rocuronium dose needed and improve the DLT placement conditions for patients with MG who were scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) thymectomy.
Methods: Recruited patients were randomly assigned to receive magnesium sulfate 60mg.kg-1 or normal saline (control) prior to the administration of NMB. Titrating dose of rocuronium was administered to achieve train of four ratio (TOF%) to 10% or below before DLT intubation. The primary outcome was the rocuronium dose required to achieve TOF% below 10%. Secondary outcome was intubation condition for DLT placement.
Results: Twenty-three patients had magnesium sulphate and 22 patients had normal saline before rocuronium administration. The required rocuronium dose used were 0.10 (0.05) mg.kg-1 and 0.28(0.17) mg.kg-1 in patients who had magnesium sulphate and normal saline respectively (P<0.0001). With a similar depth of neuromuscular blockade and depth of anaesthesia, 23 patients in the magnesium sulphate group and 16 patients in the control group had excellent intubation condition (P = 0.027). The patients in both groups had similar emergence characteristics.
Conclusions: Magnesium sulfate is associated with a decrease in the rocuronium requirement and better DLT intubation condition in patients with MG.
ROMA HUKUKUNDA OTURMA HAKKI (HABITATIO)
Authors: KAYAK Sevgi 
Published: June 2019

Oturma hakkı, başkasına ait bir evde oturma yetkisi veren sınırlı ayni hak niteliğini taşımaktadır. Roma hukukunda oturma hakkı, Klasik Hukuk Döneminde bağımsız bir irtifak olarak kabul edilmemiştir, bu hak usus hakkı kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Bu nedenle Klasik Hukuk Döneminde, oturma hakkı ile ilgili uyuşmazlıklarda usus’a ilişkin hükümler kıyasen uygulanmıştır. Iustinianus Hukukunda ise, oturma hakkı, usus’un kapsamından çıkarılarak, bağımsız bir irtifak hakkına dönüşmüştür. Iustinianus Hukukunda oturma hakkı sınırlı bir ayni hak niteliğindedir ve intuitus persona karakterine sahip bir in ius aliena (başkasının malı üzerindeki hak)’dır. Oturma hakkı sağlar arası işlemlerle ya da ölüme bağlı tasarruflar yoluyla kurulur. Oturma hakkı kural olarak belli bir süre için kararlaştırılır. Buna karşılık bu hak süreye bağlı olarak kararlaştırılmadığı zaman, hak sahibinin hayatı boyunca devam eder. Oturma hakkı sürenin sona ermesi, haktan feragat edilmesi veya mutatio rei (malın esaslı değişime uğraması) gibi nedenlerle sona erer. Roma Hukukunda oturma hakkı ile ilgili kurallar modern hukuklara büyük ölçüde aynı şekilde geçmiştir.
ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E ASPECTOS QUE CARACTERIZAM O INTERESSE INTELECTUAL DE UM COLETIVO DE PESQUISADORES
Authors: Paranhos Rones De Deus , Carneiro Maria Helena Da Silva 
Published: June 2019

O objeto da análise do artigo é a produção científica brasileira sobre ensino de biologia na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). É um Estado da Arte que caracteriza essa produção quanto à sua distribuição (espaço e tempo) e discute os aspectos que despertaram o interesse intelectual de um coletivo de pesquisadores para produzir conhecimento sobre o ensino de biologia na EJA. O corpus da análise foi constituído por artigos (28), dissertações (54) e teses (02). A seleção dos artigos considerou o campo de investigação, qualis do periódico, período de tempo e o estabelecimento de descritores de busca. A seleção das dissertações e teses envolveu a identificação de programas de pós-graduação da área de avaliação educação e de ensino, período e descritores. A análise valeu-se das categorias da epistemologia fleckiana. Os resultados indicam uma assimetria quanto à distribuição da pesquisa nas regiões brasileiras. A atividade dos professores da educação básica é o aspecto mais determinante envolvido na produção científica, pois a prática de ensinar biologia na modalidade EJA está imbuída de elementos de resistência e constituem as conexões passivas mediada pelas conexões ativas do Coletivo de Pesquisadores Educação em Ciências (CPEC).
Anaerobic treatment of chocolate-processing industry wastewater at different organic loading rates and temperatures
Authors: Esparza-Soto M. , Jacobo-López A. , Lucero-Chávez M. , Fall C. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the optimum operating temperature of laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors during the treatment of a chocolate-processing industry wastewater at medium applied organic loading rates (OLRappl). Four UASB reactors were operated at different temperature (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and three OLRappl (2, 4 and 6 kg soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs)/(m3 d)). The flowrate and the hydraulic retention time were constant (11.5 L/d and 6 h, respectively). The monitored parameters were pH, temperature, CODs, and total and volatile suspended solids. The CODs removal efficiency (RE) and biogas production rate (BPR) were calculated. The 15 °C UASB reactor had the lowest RE (39 to 78%) due to the low operating temperature. Regardless of the OLRappl, the RE of the 20, 25 and 30 °C reactors was high and similar to each other (between 88 and 94%). The BPR of the four UASB reactors had the same behaviour as the RE (BPR of 15 °C: 0.3 to 0.5 Lbiogas/(Lreactor d) (Lb/(Lr d)) and BPR of 20, 25 and 30 °C: 0.5 to 1.9 Lb/(Lr d)).
Evaluation of the Phenolics and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Different Botanical Herbals Used for Tea Infusions in Brazil
Authors: Zielinski Acácio A.F. , Haminiuk Charles W.I. , Beta Trust 
Published: June 2019

Background:The consumption of herbal teas has gained much attention due to its healthpromoting benefits, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiinflammatory effects. These biological activities are associated in part to the antioxidant activity of chemical compounds present in teas, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids.Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate a total of 17 different botanical herbal infusions consumed in Brazil in terms of their phenolic antioxidants.Methods:The analysis performed were total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total flavonols, tannin content and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, and ORAC assays). Data were processed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis).Results:The use of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) suggested an unsupervised classification relationship based on level of functionality of the herbal teas. Higher levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were found in Anemopaegma mirandum while higher values of tannin content and total flavonols were found in Peumus boldus. All antioxidant activity assays showed significant correlations among each other (r > 0.84, p < 0.001), and with total phenolic and flavonoids (r > 0.83, p < 0.001). Using HCA, three clusters were suggested and cluster 1 showed the highest functionality.Conclusion:The herbal infusions evaluated can be a good resource of bioactive compounds to consume and supplementing food products. Nevertheless, future studies should focus on the evaluation of these herbal teas using in vivo systems to understand the mechanisms of action when these different herbal infusions are used as beverages.
Douglas-fir seedling quality in biochar-amended peat substrates
Authors: Sarauer Jessica L. , Coleman Mark D. 
Published: June 2019

Artificial forest regeneration using nursery produced growing stock is commonplace in the Pacific Northwest. High quality seedlings are needed for outplanting success, which depends on a seedling’s ability to establish new roots and overcome stress. Containerized seedling stock is typically grown in artificial growing media. Peat, a popular component of growing media, is a non-renewable resource. Biochar has similar physical attributes to peat, which makes it a potential alternative. In our study, we grew Douglas-fir seedlings in containers with biochar-amended peat-based growing media to determine if biochar could improve seedling quality. Douglas-fir seeds were sown in March 2016 and seedlings were grown under standard light and temperature conditions at an operational forest nursery for nine months. After nine months, seedling quality was assessed for height, diameter, cold hardiness, and root growth potential. Using biochar did not improve Douglas-fir seedling quality, except for slightly increasing cold hardiness and root growth potential for equivalently sized seedlings. Seedlings grown without biochar had increased height and diameter compared to seedlings with biochar and they had higher root growth potential (all dependent on fertilizer rates). Douglas-fir seedling quality might be improved with biochar amendment if negative growth impacts of soil reaction can be overcome.