bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Irrigation Timing and Rate Affect Cotton Boll Distribution and Fiber Quality
Authors: Schaefer Curtis R. , Ritchie Glen L. , Bordovsky James P. , Lewis Katie , Kelly Brendan 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Timing of water deficit stress affects boll production.Stress timing influences fiber quality.Multiple timings of water deficit stress interact.
Decreased aquifer water in the Texas High Plains has increased the risks associated with irrigation, including lower irrigation volume and the need to balance seasonal water demands among crops, requiring management of both irrigation rate and timing. Boll distribution measurements in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) can be used to quantify the effects of irrigation on productivity and were used in a study of irrigation rate × timing from 2011 to 2013 in Halfway, TX. Field experiments quantified cotton boll distribution using three in‐season irrigation levels (maximums of 0, 3.2, and 6.4 mm d−1) during three different irrigation periods determined by accumulated growing degree days (GDD) based on the threshold of 15.6°C: period 1 (P1, <525 GDD), period 2 (P2, 525–750 GDD), and period 3 (P3, >750 GDD). Combinations of these factors resulted in 27 irrigation treatments, applied with a low energy precision application (LEPA) pivot. Heavy irrigation early in the growing season used more water, did not increase boll number, and was often detrimental to yield. Mid‐ and late‐season irrigation improved yield and fiber quality, with P2 irrigation influencing yield in the middle of the plant and P3 irrigation controlling yield at the top of the plant. Moderate irrigation later in the season minimized effects of short‐term water deficit observed in other similar studies. These results provide insight into optimizing cotton water use in a region with declining crop water availability, increased pumping restrictions, and a challenging climate.
High‐Temperature Episodes with Spatial‐Temporal Variation Impacted Middle‐Season Rice Yield in China
Authors: Sun Xinsu , Long Zhiwei , Song Guangpeng , Chen Changqing 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Quantified high‐temperature intensity, frequency, and duration as HDH index.High‐temperature episodes between booting and flowering increased significantly.High‐temperature episodes had a significant negative effect on rice yield.
Booting and flowering stages of rice are most sensitive to high‐temperature episodes. However, the effect of spatial‐temporal characteristics of high‐temperature episodes on booting and flowering stages in the middle‐season rice cropping region of China were less commonly found in the literature. A data analysis of historical climate and rice yield was conducted to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of high‐temperature episodes between booting and flowering stages and their impact on middle‐season rice grain yield in China. Three high‐temperature indices, including high‐temperature hours (HH), high‐temperature intensity (HI), and high‐temperature degree hours (HDH), were developed to quantify the high‐temperature intensity, frequency, and duration based on maximum temperature records of the last 30 yr from 219 stations in the main middle‐season rice cropping area of China. The HH and HI indices between booting and flowering stages increased significantly in all subregions. Especially in the Central China (CC) subregion, high‐temperature episodes were more severe than those in the East China (EC) subregion and Southwest (SW) subregion. The HDH index, considering the duration and intensity of high‐temperature episodes, was required to describe the correlation between high‐temperature episodes and yield variability. Significant negative (p < 0.05) impacts of the variability of high‐temperature episodes on the observed grain yield were found in all subregions. Rice yield would decrease by 113.9 kg ha−1, 19.1 kg ha−1, and 22.2 kg ha−1 with an HDH increase of 1.0°C·d in the EC, CC, and SW subregions, respectively. High‐temperature episodes were detrimental to middle‐season rice production of China.
Adaptation and mitigation synergies to improve sanitation: a case study in Morelos, Mexico
Authors: González Ines Navarro , Cisneros Blanca Jiménez , Hernández Nidya Aponte , Rojas Raquel Montes 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The management of wastewater is the fifth largest single source of CH4 emissions and the sixth of N2O. Options to improve sanitation within the Morelos State in Mexico were compared applying a modification of the IPCC guidelines to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A 2030 business-as-usual scenario which considers current sanitation practices and 2010 baseline-scenario, showed that septic tanks, the main state option for sanitation, were the principal source of emissions, even higher than from non-controlled wastewater discharges. These scenarios also revealed that the two metropolitan areas were key in terms of mitigation as they contributed 88% of the total GHG emissions. For the 2030A scenario (sanitation + adaptation), it was seen that if the policy of septic tank usage continues, and the existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are rehabilitated, the GHG emissions would be reduced by 2% compared to the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario. In contrast, if a policy were adopted considering in addition mitigation measures, 26% GHG emissions reduction might be achieved. Additional co-benefits will be obtained in several sectors, including health (diarrheal and dengue diseases control), agriculture, and the environment, performing a more efficient and integrated management of water and achieving savings on the operating costs of WWTPs through co-generation.
Assessment of the bioremediation efficacy of the mercury resistant bacterium isolated from the Mithi River
Authors: Pushkar Bhupendra , Sevak Pooja , Sounderajan Suvarna 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe contamination of natural resources with mercury has gained attention due to its high toxicity to all life forms. Bioremediation of mercury using bacteria is a useful technique to remediate mercury contamination. In the present study mercury resistant bacteria (MRB) were isolated from Mithi River water samples. Total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) and MRB present in the Mithi river water samples were enumerated. The count for THB was found to be 3.7 × 106 CFU/ml. MRB enumerated in the nutrient agar medium with mercury concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 ppm had counts of 2.8 × 106, 9.1 × 105 and 5.8 × 104 CFU/ml, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolated bacterium was found to be around 500 ppm of mercury, and it was selected for further analysis. The bacterial isolate was found to tolerate a wide range of salt concentrations from 5 to 35 ppt of NaCl. The bacterial isolate was characterized by using standard biochemical tests and identified by using the 16S rDNA technique. Homology analysis of the 16S rDNA gene has confirmed the identity of the bacterium as Bacillus thuringiensis strain RGN1.2 with NCBI accession no. KX832953.1. It could remove 96.72%, 90.67% and 90.10% of mercury in 48 hours at 10, 25 and 50 ppm of mercury.
Chronic Wounds: Innovations in Diagnostics and Therapeutics
Authors: Haalboom Marieke 
Published: March 2018

Background:
A major global health issue is the existence of chronic wounds. Appropriate
diagnosis and treatment is essential to promote wound healing and prevent further
complications. Traditional methods for treatment and diagnosis of chronic wounds have shown
to be of limited effectiveness. Therefore, there is a need for the development of diagnostic and
therapeutic innovations in chronic wound care.

Objective:
This mini-review aims to provide insight in the current knowledge of the wound
healing process and the deficiencies encountered in chronic wounds, which provides a basis for
the development of innovations in chronic wound care. Furthermore, promising diagnostic and
therapeutic innovations will be highlighted.

Methods:
Literature was searched for recent articles (=<10 years) describing the current
knowledge about the wound healing process and chronic wounds. The most promising diagnostic
and therapeutic innovations were gathered from articles published in the past 5 years.

Results/Conclusion:

Wound healing is a well-organized process consisting of four phases: coagulation,
inflammation, proliferation and wound remodelling. Chronic wounds often stagnate
in the inflammatory phase and/or experience an impaired proliferative phase. This mini-review
has demonstrated that increased knowledge about the processes involved in wound healing has
paved the way for the development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for chronic wounds.
Increased knowledge about bacterial invasion and infection in has encouraged researchers to
develop diagnostic tools to help clinicians detect these phenomena appropriately and in time.
Other researchers have shown that they are able to design/extract biochemical compounds that
intervene in the disrupted healing processes in chronic wounds.
Synthesis of 8,10-disubstituted-triazoloperimidines from (E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(8- phenyl-8H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]perimidin-10-yl)prop-2-en-1-one and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Masaret Ghada S. , Farghaly Thoraya A. 
Published: March 2018

Aim and Objective: Enaminones belay to be extremely stable compounds and constitute a versatile
group of salutary precursors for the synthesis of enormous classes of organic compounds. So, in this context,
we synthesized a new enaminone, namely, (E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(8-phenyl-8H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-
a]perimidin-10-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (enaminone 2).

Materials and Methods:

The reaction of enaminone 2 with different types of hydrazonoyl chlorides or hydrazine
hydrate afforded new substituted pyrazoles. Also, the reaction of enaminone with 6-amino-2-
thioxopyrimidin-4-one in acetic acid under reflux produced 2-thioxopyridopyrimidinone derivative. The latter
thione derivative reacts with hydrazonoyl chlorides to give pyridotriazolopyrimidines. 5-(8-Phenyl-8H-
[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]perimidin-10-yl)isoxazole was produced from the reaction of enaminone 2 with hydroxylamine.

Results & Conclusion:
The structure of all the novel perimidine derivatives was confirmed on the basis of
spectral data and elemental analyses. The enaminone and the newly synthesized compounds were tested for
their antimicrobial activity, and the results obtained revealed that some derivatives are more potent than the
reference drugs used.
Applying Auto-Regressive Model’s Yule-Walker Approach to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients’ Data
Authors: Sahu Mridu , Vishwal Saumya , Usha Srivalli Srungaram , Nagwani Naresh Kumar , Verma Shrish , Shukla Sneha 
Published: March 2018

Background:
The purpose of this study is to identifying time series analysis and mathematical
model fitting on electroencephalography channels that are placed on Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS) patients with P300 based brain-computer interface (BCI).

Methods:
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or motor neuron diseases are a rapidly progressing
neurological disease that attacks and kills neurons responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.
There is no cure and treatment effective to reverse, to halt the disease progression. A Brain-
Computer Interface enables disable person to communicate & interact with each other and with the
environment. To bypass the important motor difficulties present in ALS patient, BCI is useful. An
input for BCI system is patient's brain signals and these signals are converted into external operations,
for brain signals detection, Electroencephalography (EEG) is normally used. P300 based BCI
is used to record the reading of EEG brain signals with the help of non-invasive placement of
channels. In EEG, channel analysis Autoregressive (AR) model is a widely used. In the present study,
Yule-Walker approach of AR model has been used for channel data fitting. Model fitting as a form of
digitization is majorly required for good understanding of the dataset, and also for data prediction.

Results:
Fourth order of the mathematical curve for this dataset is selected. The reason is the high
accuracy obtained in the 4th order of Autoregressive model (97.51±0.64).

Conclusion:
In proposed Auto Regressive (AR) model has been used for Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis (ALS) patient data analysis. The 4th order of Yule Walker auto-regressive model is giving
best fitting on this problem.
On-chip Mixing, Pumping and Concentrating Effects by Using AC Electrothermal Flow
Authors: Vafaie Reza H. 
Published: March 2018

Background:Microfluidic manipulation (including: pumping, mixing and concentrating effects) is highly challengeable for bioengineering and on-chip analysis applications such as point-of-care immune-detection systems. In this research we propose a configurable electrode structure to form various manipulation effects including pumping, mixing and concentrating processes by applying an Alternate Current (AC) electrokinetically-driven flow.Methods:By applying an inhomogeneous electric field causes temperature rise accompanied by temperature gradients generation inside the microchannel. As a result, an AC electrothermal flow generates inside the channel, which is efficient to generate mixing, pumping and concentrating effects.Results:The proposed system is studied numerically by Finite-Element-Method, Based on the results, a) bulk fluid velocity of 100 µm/s is achieved by exciting the electrodes in pumping mode, b) complete mixing efficiency is observed in mixing mode, c) for antibody-antigen binding process (concentrating mode), the surface reaction increases by the factor of 9 after 5 seconds of sample loading. Results reveal that the system is highly efficient for bio-fluid mediums.Conclusion:AC electrothermal fluid manipulation process was investigated numerically inside a microchannel for biological buffers. Back and forth fluid motions, clockwise/counter-clockwise rotational vortexes and also antibody-antigen linking enhancement were achieved by engineering the specific electrode patterns. The manipulation efficiency improves by increasing both the amplitude of electric potential and the ionic strength of biofluid. As a result, our proposed configurable device is of interest for onchip immunoassays and point-of-care devices.
Biodiversidad de algas rojas marinas (Rhodophyta) en Tabasco, México
Authors: Quiroz-González Nataly , León-Álvarez Daniel , Rivas-Acuña Ma. Guadalupe 
Published: March 2018

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El conocimiento de la ficoflora en el estado de Tabasco es escaso. Hasta el momento se tienen 39 registros de Rhodophyta, 7 de Ochrophyta y 22 de Chlorophyta. Además, a nivel nacional es el estado costero con el menor número de publicaciones sobre el tema. Se desarrolló el presente trabajo para contribuir al conocimiento de la flora algal del estado, particularmente al de Rhodophyta.Métodos: Se revisó material procedente de los herbarios de la Facultad de Ciencias (FCME) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) y de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT). Se llevaron a cabo dos periodos de muestreo en temporada de lluvias y secas del año 2012, en siete localidades del litoral tabasqueño. El material recolectado fue preservado en formol a 4%. Se realizaron observaciones de talos completos y cortes con microscopios estereoscópico y óptico. La identificación se llevó a cabo con literatura especializada.Resultados clave: Se reportan 12 nuevos registros de especies de algas rojas marinas para la costa de Tabasco pertenecientes a 11 géneros, 9 familias y 8 órdenes. En total para Tabasco se presentan 52 especies, 32 géneros, 17 familias y 10 órdenes. Los órdenes con mayor riqueza específica fueron Ceramiales y Gracilariales con 24 y 9 especies, respectivamente. Las familias con mayor número de especies fueron Rhodomelaceae y Gracilariaceae con 14 y 8 ocho cada una. El género más diverso fue Gracilaria, con ocho especies.Conclusiones: El número de algas marinas rojas reportadas en Tabasco asciende de 39 a 52 especies, lo que representa 20% de las especies de Rhodophyta registradas para el Golfo de México.
The Broken Doll: A Survivor's Journey into Life
Authors: WOLFERT RUTH 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this case study, I write only of sessions that were pivotal to Deborah's journey into life, so the reader may get a sense of a series of dramatic scenes based on role-shuttling. But the therapy was built on our relating, and we ordinarily focused on the details of process and small awarenesses of body and breathing: the work of ground-building and assimilating, with small shoots of growth. I elected to write about a long-term therapy with many difficulties as a way of showing the importance of continuing to grow as a therapist by trusting in the process of contact. Although it seems more coherent in writing than in the living of it, I have tried to give a sense of how puzzled and distressed I was at times. Then, my challenge was to grow, to stretch beyond my comfortable known, to find new ways to fully meet Deborah.
Economic Costs of Diabetes in the U.S. in 2017
Authors:   American Diabetes Association
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVE
This study updates previous estimates of the economic burden of diagnosed diabetes and quantifies the increased health resource use and lost productivity associated with diabetes in 2017.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We use a prevalence-based approach that combines the demographics of the U.S. population in 2017 with diabetes prevalence, epidemiological data, health care cost, and economic data into a Cost of Diabetes Model. Health resource use and associated medical costs are analyzed by age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance coverage, medical condition, and health service category. Data sources include national surveys, Medicare standard analytical files, and one of the largest claims databases for the commercially insured population in the U.S.

RESULTS
The total estimated cost of diagnosed diabetes in 2017 is $327 billion, including $237 billion in direct medical costs and $90 billion in reduced productivity. For the cost categories analyzed, care for people with diagnosed diabetes accounts for 1 in 4 health care dollars in the U.S., and more than half of that expenditure is directly attributable to diabetes. People with diagnosed diabetes incur average medical expenditures of ∼$16,750 per year, of which ∼$9,600 is attributed to diabetes. People with diagnosed diabetes, on average, have medical expenditures ∼2.3 times higher than what expenditures would be in the absence of diabetes. Indirect costs include increased absenteeism ($3.3 billion) and reduced productivity while at work ($26.9 billion) for the employed population, reduced productivity for those not in the labor force ($2.3 billion), inability to work because of disease-related disability ($37.5 billion), and lost productivity due to 277,000 premature deaths attributed to diabetes ($19.9 billion).

CONCLUSIONS
After adjusting for inflation, economic costs of diabetes increased by 26% from 2012 to 2017 due to the increased prevalence of diabetes and the increased cost per person with diabetes. The growth in diabetes prevalence and medical costs is primarily among the population aged 65 years and older, contributing to a growing economic cost to the Medicare program. The estimates in this article highlight the substantial financial burden that diabetes imposes on society, in addition to intangible costs from pain and suffering, resources from care provided by nonpaid caregivers, and costs associated with undiagnosed diabetes.
THE RECEPTION OF DAJAL STORY IN THE SAIFU AD-DHARIB
Authors: Fatkhullah Faiz Karim , Nur Tajudin , Darsa Undang Ahmad 
Published: March 2018

This study reveals the story of Dajjal who experienced a shift in interpretation. This is due to the response of each reader with a different background. To disclose it, this research uses the reception theory proposed by Hans Robert Jauss. This research is the result of philology research from Saifu ad-Dharib (SaD) script. This manuscript was written by KH. Tubagus Ahmad Bakri, Purwakarta, West Java, with a thickness of 32 pages. Meanwhile, the section of the manuscript taken only the story of Dajjal contained in Chapter 4 and part of Chapter 5. From the results of the manuscript SaD taken only transliteration and translation. From the results of the study, it was found that the author of SaD responded that Dajjal in question is Ibn Sayyad. It is realized by the author that there are two opinions concerning the birth or previous Dajjal, but the author responds and interprets that Dajjal has been born ie that existed in the time of the Prophet Muhammad. In addition, Dajjal will come out with 70,000 followers who are mostly artists. The great Dajjal before the exit will be preceded by the existence of the small Dajjal-Dajjal which is now emerging, ie Persatuan Islam, Muhammadiyah, Wahabi, and Shi'a. This manuscript was born at the time of the condition of Muslims who are still in conflict, so the reception of Dajjal refers to the organization of the period above. The manuscripts of his day can be used as propaganda material.Keywords: Dajjal, reception theory, saifu ad-dharib RESEPSI CERITA DAJJAL DALAM NASKAH SAIFU AD-DHARIBAbstrakPenelitian ini mengungkap cerita Dajjal yang mengalami pergeseran tafsir. Hal itu disebabkan karena adanya tanggapan dari setiap pembaca yang berlatar belakang berbeda. Untuk mengungkap itu, maka penelitian ini menggunakan teori resepsi yang dikemukakan oleh Jauss. Penelitian ini merupakan hasil penelitian filologi dari naskah Saifu ad-Dharib. Naskah ini ditulis oleh KH. Tubagus Ahmad Bakri, Purwakarta, Jawa Barat, dengan ketebalan naskah 32 halaman. Sementara itu, bagian naskah yang diambil hanya cerita Dajjal yang terdapat pada Bab 4 dan sebagian Bab 5. Dari hasil naskah SaD yang diambil hanya transliterasi dan terjemahan. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa penulis SaD menanggapi bahwa Dajjal yang dimaksud adalah Ibnu Sahayyad. Disadari oleh penulisnya bahwa ada dua pendapat terkait lahir atau belumnya Dajjal, namun penulis menanggapi dan menafsirkan bahwa Dajjal telah lahir yakni yang ada pada zaman Nabi Muhammad saw. Selain itu, Dajjal akan keluar dengan disertai 70.000 pengikut yang sebagian besar adalah seniman. Dajjal besar sebelum keluar akan didahului dengan adanya Dajjal-Dajjal kecil yang sekarang ini sudah muncul, yaitu Persatuan Islam, Muhammadiyah, Wahabi dan Syi’ah. Naskah ini lahir di saat kondisi umat Islam yang masih saling bersitegang, sehingga resepsi terhadap Dajjal merujuk pada organisasi masa di atas. Naskah pada zamannya dapat digunakan sebagai bahan propaganda.Kata kunci: Dajjal, teori resepsi, saifu ad-dharib