bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life during and following sequential treatment of previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma: findings of the Medical Research Council Myeloma IX randomised study
Authors: Royle Kara‐Louise , Gregory Walter M. , Cairns David A. , Bell Sue E. , Cook Gordon , Owen Roger G. , Drayson Mark T. , Davies Faith E. , Jackson Graham H. , Morgan Gareth J. , Child J. Anthony 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn the Medical Research Council (MRC) Myeloma IX trial (ISRCTN684564111) patients were randomised to sodium clodronate or zoledronic acid and induction treatment: cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (CVAD) or cyclophosphamide, thalidomide and dexamethasone (CTD) followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in the intensive pathway; attenuated CTD or melphalan and prednisolone (MP) in the non‐intensive pathway. Subsequent randomisation allocated patients to either thalidomide or observation. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life (QoL) questionnaires, QLQ‐C30 and QLQ‐MY24, were administered at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter, enabling the effect of sequential treatment on patient‐reported health‐related QoL (HR‐QoL) to be investigated. The protocol specified four subscales of interest: Pain, Fatigue, Global Health Status/Quality of Life and Physical Functioning at 3, 6 and 12 months that were compared using linear models. The intensive pathway showed significant differences in favour of CTD for Fatigue at 3 months and Physical Functioning at 12 months. The non‐intensive pathway and maintenance phase reported significant differences at 3 months; Pain (improved with attenuated CTD) and Global Health status/Quality of Life (improved with observation). The improved outcomes in MRC Myeloma IX were accompanied by some beneficial and few detrimental effects on HR‐QoL.
Outcome of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Fioredda Francesca , Iacobelli Simona , Korthof Elisabeth T. , Knol Cora , van Biezen Anja , Bresters Dorine , Veys Paul , Yoshimi Ayami , Fagioli Franca , Mats Brune , Zecca Marco , Faraci Maura , Miano Maurizio , Arcuri Luca , Maschan Michael , O'Brien Tracey , Diaz Miguel A. , Sevilla Julian , Smith Owen , Peffault de Latour Regis , de la Fuente Josue , Or Reuven , Van Lint Maria T. , Tolar Jakub , Aljurf Mahmoud , Fisher Alain , Skorobogatova Elena V. , Diaz de Heredia Cristina , Risitano Antonio , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Sedláček Petr , Ghavamzadeh Ardeshir , Dufour Carlo 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDyskeratosis congenita (DC) is a genetic multisystem disorder with frequent involvement of the bone marrow. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only definitive cure to restore haematopoiesis, even though it cannot correct other organ dysfunctions. We collected data on the outcome of HSCT in the largest cohort of DC (n = 94) patients ever studied. Overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) at 3 years after HSCT were 66% and 62%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed better outcomes in patients aged less than 20 years and in patients transplanted from a matched, rather than a mismatched, donor. OS and EFS curves tended to decline over time. Early lethal events were infections, whereas organ damage and secondary malignancies appeared afterwards, even a decade after HSCT. A non‐myeloablative conditioning regimen appeared to be most advisable. Organ impairment present before HSCT seemed to favour the development of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease and T‐B immune deficiency appeared to enhance pulmonary fibrosis. According to the present data, HSCT in DC is indicated in cases of progressive marrow failure, whereas in patients with pre‐existing organ damage, this should be carefully evaluated. Further efforts to investigate treatment alternatives to HSCT should be encouraged.
Priming attachment security improves attitudes towards a range of therapies
Authors: Millings Abigail , Carnelley Katherine B. , Cavanagh Kate , Wilderspin Anna , Wiseman Hannah , Rowe Angela C. 
Published: July 2018

We sought to understand how attachment orientation influenced attitudes towards different types of psychological therapies. In two studies, we (1) examined attachment orientation as a predictor of attitudes towards different therapies and (2) tested whether attachment security priming could improve attitudes. Study 1 (n = 339) found associations between attachment orientation and attitudes towards, and likelihood of using different therapies. Positive and negative attitudes about different therapies mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and likelihood of use. Study 2 (n = 412) showed that primed security (vs. neutral prime) improved attitudes towards relational, non‐relational and distanced‐relational therapies for those with a fearful‐avoidant attachment orientation. For relational and distanced‐relational therapies, the mechanism of this effect was increased cognitive openness. Attachment orientation is a determinant of therapy attitudes and anticipated help‐seeking behaviour. Priming security may promote open‐minded decision‐making about some therapies. Findings are discussed with relevance to attachment theory, research and clinical practice.
The Potential for Cross‐Compliance in Canadian Agricultural Policy: Linking Environmental Goals with Business Risk Management Programs
Authors: Rude James , Weersink Alfons 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnvironmental cross‐compliance links agricultural program payments to producer commitments to achieve agri‐environmental policy goals. The objective of this study is to determine the feasibility of using cross‐compliance to achieve environmental goals in a Canadian policy context. While Canadian policy makers have flirted with cross‐compliance, with the exception of phosphorus regulations for Quebec hog farms, they have never adopted this approach. The potential for effective cross‐compliance depends on producer participation, producer compliance with regulations, environmental performance, and overall welfare implications. This study reviews the application of cross‐compliance in the United States and EU with regard to the potential application to Canadian agriculture. Policy options are considered which link current business risk management (BRM) programs to alternative environmental regulations (wildlife habitat preservation, nutrient management plans, and beneficial management practices for nutrient management). In general, individual Canadian agricultural support program do not provide sufficient incentives for farmers to participate in cross‐compliance. However, if support programs are combined, it is better to link programs that redistribute income with environmental programs than to link agriculture programs that already address specific market failures.
Transnational Activities of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Hindering or Supporting Integration
Authors: Şimşek Doğuş 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on transnational activities of Syrian refugees in Turkey examining the relationship between such activities and integration. The main research question addressed in this article is whether involvement in transnational activities hinders or supports the integration processes of Syrian refugees in Turkey, by drawing upon fieldwork in Istanbul, Ankara, Hatay and Gaziantep. I argue that Syrian refugees perceive integration as a survival mechanism and use transnational activities as a strategy for adapting to a new society, especially when they are faced with insecure legal status and a lack of access to rights in the receiving country. This study contributes to the literature on refugee transnationalism and integration by focusing on the refugees’ perceptions of on integration processes and addressing the question of survival.
Medical moulages of farm accidents
Authors: DeLoughery Emma P. , Newman James S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough popular for displaying dermatologic conditions before the advent of photography, the medical moulage has also illustrated injuries and accidents. Explored here are three farm accidents and the moulages based on them that occurred in rural Minnesota in the early 20th century. Besides being an object of historical interest, the medical moulage also provides a valuable learning and training opportunity, and can even be thought of as the predecessor of three dimensional printing.
Blood pressure variability predicts adverse events and cardiovascular outcomes in SPRINT
Authors: Mezue Kenechukwu , Goyal Abhinav , Pressman Gregg S. , Matthew Roy , Horrow Jay C. , Rangaswami Janani 
Published: July 2018

SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) highlighted the benefits of intensive targeted antihypertensive therapy but resulted in higher rates of treatment‐related adverse events. Blood pressure (BP) variability has emerged as a significant predictor of outcomes over and above levels of BP. Using the SPRINT data set, we aimed to determine the relationship of BP variability with cardiovascular outcomes and side effects of antihypertensive therapy. The analyses included all participants randomized in SPRINT who reached the target systolic BP (SBP) for their respective groups (intensive < 120 mm Hg; standard < 140 mm Hg). Coefficients of variation (CV) for SBP, diastolic BP (DBP), and PP for each patient characterized variability. Student t test was used to compare treatment arms for each CV metric. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent predictors of the SPRINT primary outcome and adverse events. P < .15 on univariate analysis was required to enter the model and P < .05 to remain in it. A total of 8884 patients (4561 standard group; 4323 intensive group) met inclusion criteria. DBP CV differed between the groups (9.12 ± 3.20 standard group; 9.47 ± 3.49 intensive group [P < .0001]). DBP CV predicted a greater hazard for the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 1.14) in the overall model as well as separate analyses by treatment arms (standard group HR, 1.15; intensive group HR, 1.19), each P < .0001. DBP CV also independently predicted a greater hazard for acute kidney injury (HR, 1.12) and hypotensive events (HR, 1.12). Visit‐to‐visit DBP variability independently predicted worse cardiovascular outcomes and hypoperfusion‐related adverse events in SPRINT.
Solvent effect on the extraction of soluble solids from murici and pequi seeds
Authors: Araújo Ana Cristina Moreira Andrade , Resende de Oliveira Érica , Menezes Evandro Galvão Tavares , Dias Bruna Oliveira , Terra André William Costa , Queiroz Fabiana 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe Brazilian cerrado has native species with great potential for use, like murici (Byrsonima crassifolia), and pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb). The seeds of these fruits are rich in oils and bioactive compounds. The extraction by solvent is widely used to extract oils from the seeds, being hexane the most used solvent in this process. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of alternative solvents on oil/soluble solids extraction efficiency and raffinate retention index of solvent extraction of pequi and murici seeds and thermodynamics parameters of the process, using organic green solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone) and hexane. The extraction has been performed in a shaker using three different temperatures (35, 45, and 55 °C) at the seed:solvent mass ratio of 1:5 (wt/wt). In the extraction with pure solvents the most efficient solvent for both seeds was hexane, at 55 °C, once greater yield and lower retention index were obtained for this condition, along with isopropanol, for pequi seeds. The thermodynamic analysis of the extraction process for both seeds demonstrated positive results to ΔH, and ΔS, and negative results to ΔG, showing the endothermic nature of the process and its spontaneity.Practical applicationsA great amount of seeds is daily being wasted from industries and households of an agricultural country like Brazil. In addition, the oil from murici and pequi seeds has enormous and important potential as an intermediate raw material for food and pharmaceutical industries. So, the present experimental study is composed of the recovery of the soluble solids from these fruits’ seeds through a cost‐effective method using green solvents, which are environmentally safe. For this purpose, pure ethanol, pure acetone, and pure isopropanol were used as solvents for the extraction process, and compared to the regular hexane. Parametric effects were also investigated on the extraction process to collect the data for the economic process design, and to encourage new researches.
Developmental trajectories of children with Down syndrome by socio‐economic status: the case of Latin America
Authors: Arango P. S. , Aparicio A. , Tenorio M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies show that socio‐economic status (SES) is related to the developmental trajectories of children with typical development (TD). However, few studies have analysed this relationship regarding children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as Down syndrome (DS). In this paper, we analyse the impact of SES in the neurodevelopmental trajectories of children with DS in comparison with children with TD.MethodCognitive, language, motor and socio‐emotional development were assessed in 31 children with DS between the ages of 15 and 80 months from high to low SES backgrounds. Data from this group were compared with data from a sample of 72 children with TD randomly selected from the Longitudinal Survey of Early Childhood. We analyse and compare these two groups using the developmental trajectories methodResultsThe results show delayed onsets for the four abilities measured in children with DS compared with children with TD from high to low SES. In the comparison of the developmental trajectories, we found that the differences between the neurodevelopmental trajectories in DS and TD vary according to SES. High SES show differences only in language development, while low SES show significant differences in cognitive, language and socio‐emotional development.ConclusionsThe results indicate that SES is a factor that could impact the developmental trajectories of children with DS. Although the differences between children with DS and with TD are similar at the beginning regardless of SES, the developmental trajectories are slower in children with DS of low SES than in children of high SES. We argue that the differences are related to the complex interaction of several biological and cultural factors associated with SES. Some specific hypotheses about nutrition, health care access, quality of education and parenting practices are presented, but more research in this area is needed to fully understand these results.
Ethnographies of Energy: Race, Space, and State Formation on the Paria Peninsula
Authors: Valencia Cristobal 
Published: July 2018

ResumenBasado en investigación etnográfica y colaborativa en Venezuela (2008–presente), este artículo examina la intersección de raza y espacio en la formación del estado mediante la producción de energía. Sostengo que la producción de energía nos permite observar cómo los grupos racializados están particularmente expuestos al poder estatal represivo a través de los procesos espaciales y culturales. Esta nexo energético‐cultural nos ofrece un análisis alternativo al poder biopolítico.
Novel insight into wound healing properties of methanol extract of Capparis ovata Desf. var. palaestina Zohary fruits
Authors: Okur Mehmet Evren , Ayla Şule , Çiçek Polat Derya , Günal Mehmet Y , Yoltaş Ayşegül , Biçeroğlu Özge 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the wound healing activity of Capparis ovata var. palaestina fruit extract in mice. For this aim, wound healing, in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, HPLC, phenolic and flavonoid compounds analyses were performed.

Methods
The wound healing effect was tested by excisional wound model. Wound closure was measured for 14 days and at 14th day wound healing was assessed by levels of TGF-β, VEGF, COL1A1 and angiogenesis, granulation tissue thickness, epidermal and dermal regeneration. The antioxidant activity was calculated by DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays. Antimicrobial ability was evaluated by minimum inhibitory concentration and agar well diffusion tests.

Key findings
The extract indicated significant antioxidant activity while it also exhibited antimicrobial activity. Rutin was found in the extract according to HPLC study. Moreover, the extract was found to have rich phenolic and flavonoid contents. Histological evaluation showed that extract group induced significant (P &lt; 0.001) wound healing activity compared to control group. Furthermore, extract group increased wound healing rates by promoting granulation tissue, epidermal regeneration, angiogenesis, collagen, TGF-β and VEGF.

Conclusions
The results clarified that the extract possesses antioxidant, antimicrobial activity and thus could provide a valuable contribution to the wound healing.
Effects of napping on cognitive function modulation in elderly adults with a morning chronotype: A nationwide survey
Authors: Fang Su‐Chen , Huang Chun‐Jen , Wu Yu‐Lin , Wu Pei‐Yu , Tsai Pei‐Shan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCircadian rhythms and napping habits have been associated with cognitive function; however, little is known about the interaction effects on cognitive function. The present study examined the moderating effects of napping habits on the relationship between chronotypes and cognitive function decline in elderly adults. This cross‐sectional study analysed data from the 2009 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. A total of 1,724 elderly adults (aged ≥65 years) were included. Cognitive function was determined by the Mini‐Mental State Examination. Participants’ chronotypes were assessed using the midpoint of sleep. Napping habits were assessed by self‐report questions. Demographic data, health‐related factors and sleep characteristics of the participants were also assessed as potential confounding factors. A hierarchical regression will be used to test the moderating role of napping habits in the relationship between chronotype and cognitive function level after adjustment for potential confounders. A significant interaction effect between chronotype and napping habits was observed with the MMSE score (b = −0.29, SE = 0.14, p = 0.03). Morning‐type elderly patients with nap durations >60 min exhibited significantly higher MMSE scores than non‐nappers (F = 7.48; p = 0.00). This nationwide survey confirms that in morning‐type elderly adults, nap durations >60 min are associated with less cognitive decline; however, napping habits are not associated with cognitive function level in evening‐type and intermediate‐type elderly adults.
Correlated evolution of self and interspecific incompatibility across the range of a Texas wildflower
Authors: Roda Federico , Hopkins Robin 
Published: July 2018

Summary

Selection to prevent interspecific mating can cause an increase or a decrease in self‐pollination in sympatric populations. Characterizing the geographical variation in self and interspecific incompatibilities within a species can reveal if and how the evolution of self and interspecific mate choice are linked.

We used controlled pollinations to characterize the variation in self and interspecific incompatibility across 29 populations of Phlox drummondii. We evaluated seed set from these pollinations and described the developmental timing of variation in pollen–pistil compatibility.

There is extensive quantitative variation in self‐incompatibility and interspecific‐incompatibility with its close congener P. cuspidata. Phlox drummondii populations that co‐occur and hybridize with P. cuspidata have significantly higher interspecific incompatibility and self‐incompatibility than geographically isolated P. drummondii populations. The strength of self and interspecific incompatibility is significantly correlated among individuals and the strength of both incompatibilities is explained by the success of pollen adhesion to the stigma.

The correlated strength of self and interspecific incompatibility across the range of P. drummondii and the concurrent developmental timing of the pollen–pistil interaction, suggests these incompatibilities have an overlapping molecular mechanism. The geographical distribution of variation in incompatibilities indicates that this mechanistic link between incompatibilities may affect the evolution of mate choice in plants.
Distributed Lag Interaction Models with Two Pollutants
Authors: Chen Yin-Hsiu , Mukherjee Bhramar , Berrocal Veronica J. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryDistributed lag models (DLMs) have been widely used in environmental epidemiology to quantify the lagged effects of air pollution on a health outcome of interest such as mortality and morbidity. Most previous DLM approaches consider only one pollutant at a time. We propose a distributed lag interaction model to characterize the joint lagged effect of two pollutants. One natural way to model the interaction surface is by assuming that the underlying basis functions are tensor products of the basis functions that generate the main effect distributed lag functions. We extend Tukey's 1 degree-of-freedom interaction structure to the two-dimensional DLM context. We also consider shrinkage versions of the two to allow departure from the specified Tukey interaction structure and achieve bias—variance trade-off. We derive the marginal lag effects of one pollutant when the other pollutant is fixed at certain quantiles. In a simulation study, we show that the shrinkage methods have better average performance in terms of mean-squared error across various scenarios. We illustrate the methods proposed by using the ‘National morbidity, mortality, and air pollution study’ data to model the joint effects of particulate matter and ozone on mortality count in Chicago, Illinois, from 1987 to 2000.
Expediting youth's entry into employment whilst overlooking precariousness: Flexi‐employability and disciplinary activation in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Victor , Au‐Yeung Tat Chor 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWith an emphasis placed on supply‐side interventions such as skills training and incentives enhancement, active labor market polices (ALMPs) are strongly promoted by international organizations and widely adopted across different welfare regimes to boost employment rates. This article first presents the under‐examined relationship between ALMPs and employment precariousness, which has posed a challenge to the neoliberal notion of employability and activation. Youth‐focused employment policies tend to speed up employment entry whilst downplaying the risk of precariousness and the importance of job quality, and thus further reinforcing the belief that engaging in precarious employment is tolerable if not inevitable. The article then examines the case of Hong Kong, which illustrates that its relatively low rate of youth unemployment may conceal the unfavorable employment conditions confronted by youth. It is argued that the service‐led employment policies and short‐term vocational training define the employability of young workers in terms of labor flexibilities. The coined phase of “flexi‐employability” is characterized by promoting youth's readiness for, and adaptability to, the volatilities and changing demands of the labor market. Arguably, the disciplinary approach to youth activation would only strengthen the work‐first principle by enforcing young people to take up jobs available and leave welfare as soon as possible, but without thoroughly addressing the risks and insecurities generated by the labor market in undermining their well‐being.