bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Dysfunction, Increased Arterial Stiffness, and Cardiovascular Risk Prediction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: FMD‐J (Flow‐Mediated Dilation Japan) Study A
Authors: Maruhashi Tatsuya , Soga Junko , Fujimura Noritaka , Idei Naomi , Mikami Shinsuke , Iwamoto Yumiko , Iwamoto Akimichi , Kajikawa Masato , Matsumoto Takeshi , Oda Nozomu , Kishimoto Shinji , Matsui Shogo , Hashimoto Haruki , Aibara Yoshiki , Mohamad Yusoff Farina , Hidaka Takayuki , Kihara Yasuki , Chayama Kazuaki , Noma Kensuke , Nakashima Ayumu , Goto Chikara , Tomiyama Hirofumi , Takase Bonpei , Kohro Takahide , Suzuki Toru , Ishizu Tomoko , Ueda Shinichiro , Yamazaki Tsutomu , Furumoto Tomoo , Kario Kazuomi , Inoue Teruo , Koba Shinji , Watanabe Kentaro , Takemoto Yasuhiko , Hano Takuzo , Sata Masataka , Ishibashi Yutaka , Node Koichi , Maemura Koji , Ohya Yusuke , Furukawa Taiji , Ito Hiroshi , Ikeda Hisao , Yamashina Akira , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: July 2018

Background
The usefulness of vascular function tests for management of patients with a history of coronary artery disease is not fully known.

Methods and Results

We measured flow‐mediated vasodilation (
FMD
) and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity (ba
PWV
) in 462 patients with coronary artery disease for assessment of the predictive value of
FMD
and ba
PWV
for future cardiovascular events in a prospective multicenter observational study. The first primary outcome was coronary events, and the second primary outcome was a composite of coronary events, stroke, heart failure, and sudden death. During a median follow‐up period of 49.2 months, the first primary outcome occurred in 56 patients and the second primary outcome occurred in 66 patients.
FMD
above the cutoff value of 7.1%, derived from receiver‐operator curve analyses for the first and second primary outcomes, was significantly associated with lower risk of the first (hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.06–0.74;
P
=0.008) and second (hazard ratio, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.79;
P
=0.01) primary outcomes. ba
PWV
above the cutoff value of 1731 cm/s was significantly associated with higher risk of the first (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.44;
P
=0.04) and second (hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–3.90;
P
=0.008) primary outcomes. Among 4 groups stratified according to the combination of cutoff values of
FMD
and ba
PWV
, stepwise increases in the calculated risk ratio for the first and second primary outcomes were observed.

Conclusions

In patients with coronary artery disease, both
FMD
and ba
PWV
were significant predictors of cardiovascular events. The combination of
FMD
and ba
PWV
provided further cardiovascular risk stratification.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
www.umin.ac.jp
. Unique identifier:
UMIN
000012950.
High‐Normal Thyroid‐Stimulating Hormone Shows a Potential Causal Association With Arrhythmia Recurrence After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Morishima Itsuro , Okumura Kenji , Morita Yasuhiro , Kanzaki Yasunori , Takagi Kensuke , Yoshida Ruka , Nagai Hiroaki , Ikai Yoshihiro , Furui Koichi , Yoshioka Naoki , Tsuboi Hideyuki , Murohara Toyoaki 
Published: July 2018

Background

Hypothyroidism has been shown to contribute to enhanced atrial arrhythmogenesis, resulting in atrial fibrillation (
AF
) development in animal models and clinical populations. We aimed to elucidate whether high thyroid‐stimulating hormone (
TSH
) levels are related to outcomes of catheter ablation of
AF
.

Methods and Results

Of 477 consecutive patients who underwent first‐time pulmonary vein isolation–based radiofrequency catheter ablation of
AF
, 456 with
TSH
above the lower limit of the normal range (age, 65.5±9.9 years; men, 73.9%; paroxysmal
AF
, 56.8%) were analyzed for this study. Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence for 3 years was compared across groups with hypothyroidism (n=23) and
TSH
quartile groups with euthyroidism (normal‐range
TSH
levels, n=433). Atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence occurred in 179 patients (39%) after the first session. Patients with hypothyroidism had increased recurrence compared with patients with normal
TSH
levels (crude hazard ratio, 3.14 after the last session;
P
=0.001). When focusing on patients with normal
TSH
levels, recurrence‐free survivals after both the first and last sessions were significantly reduced in euthyroid patients with the highest quartile of
TSH
levels (quartile 4) compared with others (quartiles 1–3). Cox regression analysis identified high
TSH
levels as an independent predictor of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after both the first (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.51;
P
=0.018) and last (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.86;
P
=0.023) sessions. The difference was more pronounced in patients with paroxysmal
AF
than in those with nonparoxysmal
AF
.

Conclusions

Not only hypothyroidism but also high‐normal
TSH
levels may be an independent predictor of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after catheter ablation of
AF
.
Observing Plumes and Overturning Cells with a New Coastal Bottom Drifter
Authors: Schulze Chretien Lena M. , Speer Kevin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA new platform, the Coastal Bottom Drifter, was designed and built to observe near-bottom environments in coastal regions. It is capable of observing properties by drifting near the bottom with a prescribed clearance or at a constant depth of up to 300 m. The platform can observe physical and biochemical parameters, such as temperature, salinity, oxygen, and velocities, and has the capacity to carry additional sensors to measure, for example, pH, turbidity, and nutrients. In addition, it can profile to the surface at chosen intervals and can be deployed for days or up to several months. The integrated Iridium communication allows the user to receive positions and data while the platform is surfaced, as well as send new missions to the instrument. The use of an acoustic bottom-tracking device allows the construction of a drifter trajectory while providing information about ocean circulation. Additionally, the ADCP provides information about suspended particles and possible sediment transport. These measurements are valuable in understanding coastal environments as well as the dominant physical processes that cause mixing and set the conditions for local biological activity. An example deployment in Apalachicola Bay shown in this study demonstrates the ability of the drifter to observe small-scale features, such as overturning cells and plumes of dense water, that are caused by local topography.
An Updated Estimate of Salinity for the Atlantic Ocean Sector Using Temperature–Salinity Relationships
Authors: Goes Marlos , Christophersen Jonathan , Dong Shenfu , Goni Gustavo , Baringer Molly O. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSimultaneous temperature and salinity profile measurements are of extreme importance for research; operational oceanography; research and applications that compute content and transport of mass, heat, and freshwater in the ocean; and for determining water mass stratification and mixing rates. Historically, temperature profiles are much more abundant than simultaneous temperature and salinity profiles. Given the importance of concurrent temperature and salinity profiles, several methods have been developed to derive salinity solely based on temperature profile observations, such as expendable bathythermograph (XBT) temperature measurements, for which concurrent salinity observations are typically not available. These empirical methods used to date contain uncertainties as a result of temporal changes in salinity and seasonality in the mixed layer, and are typically regionally based. In this study, a new methodology is proposed to infer salinity in the Atlantic Ocean from the water surface to 2000-m depth, which addresses the seasonality in the upper ocean and makes inferences about longer-term changes in salinity. Our results show that when seasonality is accounted for, the variance of the residuals is reduced in the upper 150 m of the ocean and the dynamic height errors are smaller than 4 cm in the whole study domain. The sensitivity of the meridional heat and freshwater transport to different empirical methods of salinity estimation is studied using the high-density XBT transect across 34.5°S in the South Atlantic Ocean. Results show that accurate salinity estimates are more important on the boundaries, suggesting that temperature–salinity compensation may be also important in those regions.
In Vitro Repair of Meniscal Radial Tear With Hydrogels Seeded With Adipose Stem Cells and TGF-β3
Authors: Sasaki Hiroshi , Rothrauff Benjamin B. , Alexander Peter G. , Lin Hang , Gottardi Riccardo , Fu Freddie H. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: July 2018

Background: Radial tears of the meniscus are a common knee injury, frequently resulting in osteoarthritis. To date, there are no established, effective treatments for radial tears. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may be an attractive cell source for meniscal regeneration because they can be quickly isolated in large number and are capable of undergoing induced fibrochondrogenic differentiation mediated by transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3). However, the use of ASCs for meniscal repair is largely unexplored. Hypothesis: ASC-seeded hydrogels with preloaded TGF-β3 will improve meniscal healing of radial tears, as modeled in an explant model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: With an institutional review board–exempted protocol, human ASCs were isolated from the infrapatellar fat pads of 3 donors, obtained after total knee replacement, and characterized. ASCs were encapsulated in photocrosslinkable methacrylated gelatin hydrogels to form 3-dimensional constructs, which were placed into tissue culture. The effect of TGF-β3—whether preloaded into the hydrogel or added as a soluble medium supplement—on matrix-sulfated proteoglycan deposition in the constructs was evaluated. A meniscal explant culture model was used to simulate meniscal repair. Cylindrical-shaped explants were excised from the inner avascular region of adult bovine menisci, and a radial tear was modeled by cutting perpendicular to the meniscal main fibers to the length of the radius. Six combinations of hydrogels—namely, acellular and ASC-seeded hydrogels supplemented with preloaded TGF-β3 (2 µg/mL) or soluble TGF-β3 (10 ng/mL) and without supplement—were injected into the radial tear and stabilized by photocrosslinking with visible light. At 4 and 8 weeks of culture, healing was assessed through histology, immunofluorescence staining, and mechanical testing. Results: ASCs isolated from the 3 donors exhibited colony-forming and multilineage differentiation potential. Hydrogels preloaded with TGF-β3 and those cultured in soluble TGF-β3 showed robust matrix-sulfated proteoglycan deposition. ASC-seeded hydrogels promoted superior healing as compared with acellular hydrogels, with preloaded or soluble TGF-β3 further improving histological scores and mechanical properties. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that ASC-seeded hydrogels preloaded with TGF-β3 enhanced healing of radial meniscal tears in an in vitro meniscal repair model. Clinical Relevance: Injection delivery of ASCs in a TGF-β3-preloaded photocrosslinkable hydrogel represents a novel candidate strategy to repair meniscal radial tears and minimize further osteoarthritic joint degeneration.
Transition From Continuous Infusion Fentanyl to Hydromorphone in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Kovacevic Mary P. , Szumita Paul M. , Dube Kevin M. , DeGrado Jeremy R. 
Published: July 2018

Background: The 2013 Society of Critical Care Medicine guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients recommend intravenous opioids as first-line therapy to treat nonneuropathic pain. There is a paucity of literature describing possible benefits of utilizing specific opioids over others in ICU patients. Objective: The objective was to identify rationales for the transition from continuous infusion fentanyl to continuous infusion hydromorphone in critically ill patients. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, observational analysis of adult ICU patients who were transitioned from fentanyl to hydromorphone. The major end point was to characterize the primary reason for transition. Minor end points included secondary reason(s) for transition, transition dosing, changes in continuous sedative requirements, and level of sedation. Results: Forty-six patients were included in the analysis. The primary rationale for transition was ventilator compliance (28.3%), followed by tachyphylaxis or better pain control (19.6%), and reduction in sedatives (13.0%). The most common secondary reason(s) for transition included reduction in sedatives (47.8%), opioid rotation (32.6%), and obesity (30.4). Median fentanyl rate of 100 µg/h was transitioned to 1 mg/h of hydromorphone. The percentage of patients requiring the use of continuous sedatives was decreased in the 24 hours following transition ( P = .005); however, patients were more deeply sedated ( P = .02). Conclusion: Rationales for transition were to improve ventilator compliance, optimize patient-specific pharmacokinetics, and limit overall sedative exposure.
Are Mergers and Acquisitions Necessarily Anti-competitive? Empirical Evidence from India’s Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Mishra Pulak 
Published: July 2018

Policy initiatives and regulatory changes made during the last two-and-half decades of economic reforms have led to a considerable increase in the number of mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in the Indian corporate sector. Given the policy-induced flexibilities, while the domestic firms have taken the route of mergers to restructure their business and grow, the foreign firms have preferred to enter into specific markets through acquisitions and raise monopoly power therein. In this context, the present article attempts to examine the impact of M&As on market the structure in major industries of the Indian manufacturing sector during the post-reform period. Using a panel dataset of 34 major industries for the period 2001–2009, the article finds that M&As do not necessarily cause any appreciable adverse impact on market concentration. Instead, the degrees of sellers’ concentration are influenced by the growth of market, capital intensity, firms’ advertising efforts and their financial performance. The findings of the present article, therefore, suggest for a rethink on policies and regulations relating to M&A, international trade and intellectual property, as they play a significant role in enhancing firms’ competitiveness and restricting the emergence of a monopolistic power. JEL Classification: L1, L4, L5, O3
The Effect of the Relationship of APOE Polymorphisms and Cerebral Vasospasm on Functional Outcomes in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Reuter-Rice Karin , Regier Michael , Bennett Ellen , Laskowitz Daniel 
Published: July 2018

Background: Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E ( APOE) gene have been linked to cerebral vasospasm (CV) and poor outcomes in adults with TBI, yet these associations remain poorly defined in children. Objective: We examined the effect of the relationship between APOE polymorphisms and CV on functional outcomes in children with a TBI. Method: This prospective, descriptive study examined 60 children (aged 10 days to 15 years) with a TBI. Data included demographic information, genetic sampling for the APOE gene and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs405509, rs429358, rs7412), and daily transcranial Doppler ultrasounds to evaluate for CV. We examined Glasgow Outcome Scale–Extended Pediatrics (GOS-E Peds) scores at the time of discharge and 4–6 weeks after discharge. Results: More than half (56.7%) of the 60 children ( Mage = 5.9 years) were male. Twenty-six participants (43.3%) experienced an occurrence of CV. There were significant differences in injury mechanism (unadjusted p = .048) and age (unadjusted p = .02) between those with and without CV. Also, the noncoding promoter SNP rs405509 T/T, when considered with injury severity, appeared to modify the relationship of APOE genotype to CV. The relationship between APOE and CV had no significant effect on GOS-E Peds scores. Conclusion: Injury severity and the APOE noncoding promoter SNP rs405509 may modify the relationship between APOE and CV in children with TBI. More studies are needed to understand the role of APOE polymorphisms in outcomes in children with TBI.
Oncogene-specific T cells fail to eradicate lymphoma-initiating B cells in mice
Authors: Hoser Dana , Schön Christian , Loddenkemper Christoph , Lohneis Philipp , Kühl Anja A. , Sommermann Thomas , Blankenstein Thomas , Willimsky Gerald 
Published: July 2018

Key PointsAbsence of oncogene-specific T cells leads to increased B-cell lymphoma incidence in a new mouse model. Premalignant lymphoma-initiating B cells are not eradicated by the immune system, retaining the risk of lymphoma development.
Histone deacetylase activity has an essential role in establishing and maintaining the vertebrate neural crest
Authors: Rao Anjali , LaBonne Carole 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The neural crest, a progenitor population that drove vertebrate evolution, retains the broad developmental potential of the blastula cells it is derived from, even as neighboring cells undergo lineage restriction. The mechanisms that enable these cells to preserve their developmental potential remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in this process in Xenopus. We show that HDAC activity is essential for the formation of neural crest, as well as for proper patterning of the early ectoderm. The requirement for HDAC activity initiates in naïve blastula cells; HDAC inhibition causes loss of pluripotency gene expression and blocks the ability of blastula stem cells to contribute to lineages of the three embryonic germ layers. We find that pluripotent naïve blastula cells and neural crest cells are both characterized by low levels of histone acetylation, and show that increasing HDAC1 levels enhance the ability of blastula cells to be reprogrammed to a neural crest state. Together, these findings elucidate a previously uncharacterized role for HDAC activity in establishing the neural crest stem cell state.
Molecular analysis of enthesopathy in a mouse model of hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Liu Eva S. , Martins Janaina S. , Zhang Wanlin , Demay Marie B. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The bone tendon attachment site known as the enthesis comprises a transitional zone between bone and tendon, and plays an important role in enabling movement at this site. X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by impaired activation of vitamin D, elevated serum FGF23 levels and low serum phosphate levels, which impair bone mineralization. Paradoxically, an important complication of XLH is mineralization of the enthesis (enthesopathy). Studies were undertaken to identify the cellular and molecular pathways important for normal post-natal enthesis maturation and to examine their role during the development of enthesopathy in mice with XLH (Hyp). The Achilles tendon entheses of Hyp mice demonstrate an expansion of hypertrophic-appearing chondrogenic cells by P14. Post-natally, cells in wild-type and Hyp entheses similarly descend from scleraxis- and Sox9-expressing progenitors; however, Hyp entheses exhibit an expansion of Sox9-expressing cells, and enhanced BMP and IHH signaling. These results support a role for enhanced BMP and IHH signaling in the development of enthesopathy in XLH.
Differential expression of Öbek controls ploidy in the Drosophila blood-brain barrier
Authors: Zülbahar Selen , Sieglitz Florian , Kottmeier Rita , Altenhein Benjamin , Rumpf Sebastian , Klämbt Christian 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
During development, tissue growth is mediated by either cell proliferation or cell growth, coupled with polyploidy. Both strategies are employed by the cell types that make up the Drosophila blood-brain barrier. During larval growth, the perineurial glia proliferate, whereas the subperineurial glia expand enormously and become polyploid. Here, we show that the level of ploidy in the subperineurial glia is controlled by the N-terminal asparagine amidohydrolase homolog Öbek, and high Öbek levels are required to limit replication. In contrast, perineurial glia express moderate levels of Öbek, and increased Öbek expression blocks their proliferation. Interestingly, other dividing cells are not affected by alteration of Öbek expression. In glia, Öbek counteracts fibroblast growth factor and Hippo signaling to differentially affect cell growth and number. We propose a mechanism by which growth signals are integrated differentially in a glia-specific manner through different levels of Öbek protein to adjust cell proliferation versus endoreplication in the blood-brain barrier.
Effect of Endurance Conditioning on Insulin-mediated Glucose Clearance in Dogs
Authors: DAVIS MICHAEL S. , GEOR RAYMOND J. , WILLIAMSON KATHERINE K. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionPhysical activity has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in subjects with insulin resistance, but the effect of athletic conditioning on subjects with normal insulin sensitivity has received less scrutiny. Because strenuous exercise can be limited by the availability of substrates, it is reasonable to hypothesize that conditioning would increase the capacity for muscle uptake of substrates like glucose and to the extent that improvement in this process would include upregulation of the portions of the glucose uptake pathway in muscle, this increased capacity would also be reflected in insulin sensitivity. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that conditioning for endurance exercise would result in increased insulin sensitivity using elite racing sled dogs.MethodsA frequent-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed on these dogs before and after a full 7-month season of conditioning in preparation for a 1600-km race.ResultsCompared with the results in unconditioned dogs, conditioned dogs rapidly cleared the intravenous glucose bolus through increases in both glucose mediated (7.6%·min−1± 3.4%·min−1vs 3.0%·min−1± 2.2%·min−1,P= 0.008) and insulin-mediated (36.3 ± 18.4 × 10−4L·min−1·mU−1vs 11.5 ± 8.0 × 10−4L·min−1·mU−1,P= 0.007) mechanisms. The more modest increase in serum insulin after the intravenous glucose bolus in conditioned dogs failed to suppress lipolysis and serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids remained constant in the conditioned dogs throughout the 4-h test.ConclusionsThese results, in particular the increase in insulin-independent peripheral uptake of glucose, describe novel alterations in metabolism induced by athletic conditioning that arguably result in near-continuous provision of oxidizable substrates to peripheral muscle in support of sustained muscular work typical of these dogs.
Novos negócios e empreendedorismo
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana 
Published: July 2018

A GV-executivo, publicação da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), vem conquistando cada vez mais leitores entre o público executivo. Desde o ano passado, a revista ganhou roupagem nova e tem publicado pesquisas aplicadas de administração. Vários temas já foram tratados: varejo, finanças e controladoria, saúde, sustentabilidade, tecnologia de informação, sempre com a participação de professores da FGV EAESP, pesquisadores dos centros de estudo e a contribuição de executivos, com foco em soluções práticas e na antecipação de cenários nos mais diversos setores no país.