bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of gravid mosquitoes from changes in spectral and polarimetric backscatter cross sections
Authors: Genoud Adrien P. , Gao Yunpeng , Williams Gregory M. , Thomas Benjamin P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractImproving the survey of mosquito populations is of the utmost importance to further enhance mitigation techniques that protect human populations from mosquito‐borne diseases. While mosquito populations are generally studied using physical traps, stand‐off optical sensors allow to study insect ecosystems with potentially better spatial and temporal resolution. This can be greatly beneficial to eco‐epidemiological models and various mosquito control programs. In this contribution, we demonstrate that the gravidity of female mosquitoes can be identified from changes in their spectral and polarimetric backscatter cross sections. Among other predictive variables, the wing beat frequency and the depolarization ratio of the mosquito body allows for the identification of gravid females with a precision and recall of 86% and 87%, respectively. Since female mosquitoes need a blood meal to become gravid, statistics on gravidity is of prime importance as only females that have been gravid might carry infectious diseases. In addition, it allows to detect possible breeding habitat, predict a potential increase in the mosquito population and provide a better overall understanding of the ecosystem dynamics. As a result, targeted and localized mitigation techniques can be used, reducing the cost and improving the efficiency of mosquito population control.
Ginsenoside Rg1 protects H9c2 cells against nutritional stress‐induced injury via aldolase /AMPK/PINK1 signalling
Authors: Xu ZhiMeng , Li ChengBin , Liu QingLing , Yang Hua , Li Ping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInsufficient nutrients supply will greatly affect the function of cardiac myocytes. The adaptive responses of cardiac myocytes to nutritional stress are not fully known. Ginsenoside Rg1 is one of the most pharmacologically active components in Panax Ginseng and possesses protective effects on cardiomyocyte. Here, we investigate the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on H9c2 cells which were subjected to nutritional stress. Nutritional stress‐induced by glucose deprivation strongly induced cell death and this response was inhibited by ginsenoside Rg1. Importantly, glucose deprivation decreased intracellular ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. Ginsenoside Rg1 rescued ATP levels and mitochondrial membrane potential in nutrient‐starved cells. For molecular mechanisms, ginsenoside Rg1 increased the expressions of PTEN‐induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and p‐AMPK in glucose deprivation treated H9c2 cells. Reducing the expression of aldolase in H9c2 cells inhibited ginsenoside Rg1′s actions on PINK1 and p‐AMPK. Further, the nutritional stress mice were used to verify the mechanisms obtained in vitro. Ginsenoside Rg1 increased the expressions of aldolase, p‐AMPK, and PINK1 in starved mice heart. Taken together, our results reveal that ginsenoside Rg1 limits nutritional stress‐induced H9c2 cells injury by regulating the aldolase /AMP‐activated protein kinase/PINK1 pathway.
Association of metabolism‐related genes polymorphisms with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagogastric junction: Evidence from 2261 subjects
Authors: Tang Weifeng , Liu Jun , Zhong Zhihui , Qiu Hao , Kang Mingqiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe etiology of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) remains unclear. It is believed that the increasing of AEG may be correlated with the elevated ratio of obesity and overweight. Thus, metabolism‐related genes and variants may play important roles in the occurrence and progress of AEG. The current investigation involved 720 patients with AEG and 1541 healthy controls. We selected transcription factor 7‐like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 and rs290481, INS rs689 and INSR rs1799817 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and explored the association of these SNPs with lymph node status and risk of AEG. The polymerase chain reaction was harnessed to identify the genotyping of four polymorphisms. We found that TCF7L2 rs290481 (T > C) and INSR rs1799817 (G > A) polymorphisms were associated with the increased susceptibility of AEG (P = .007 and 0.004 for TCF7L2 rs290481 in TC vs TT and TC/CC vs TT models, and P = .040 for INSR rs1799817 in GA/AA vs GG model). We also conducted a subgroup analysis by different cancer stage. We identified that TCF7L2 rs290481, INS rs689, and INSR rs1799817 SNPs increased the susceptibility of AEG in different cancer stage subgroups. In addition, we found that rs290481 SNP in TCF7L2 gene increased the risk of lymph node metastasis in drinking patients with AEG. However, the association of INSR rs1799817 SNP with a decreased risk of lymph node metastasis in smoking patients with AEG was found. Our findings highlight that TCF7L2 rs290481, INS rs689, and INSR rs1799817 polymorphisms may increase the risk of AEG. In addition, TCF7L2 rs290481 and INSR rs1799817 SNPs may influence the lymph node metastasis in patients with AEG.
Preparation, characterization and environmental application of the composite electrode TiO2‐NTs/SnO2—Sb with carbon aerogels
Authors: Yin Xu , Liu Qianwen , Chen Yong , Xu Anlin , Wang Yi , Tu Yong , Han Weiqing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDResearch on electrode materials with high electrochemical activity is of great importance for the electrochemical oxidation technique. In this work, an electrode comprising titanium dioxide nanotubes with tin oxide antimony (TiO2‐NTs/SnO2—Sb) with carbon aerogels (TSS‐CAs) was fabricated and used to degrade three isomers of dihydroxybenzenes.RESULTSIt was observed that the TSS‐0.5%CAs electrode prepared with 0.5 wt% CAs possessed prominent pore structure and a larger specific surface area of 180.83 m2 g−1. Electrochemical measurements revealed that the TSS‐0.5%CAs electrode had enhanced electrochemical activity, larger electroactive area, and higher oxygen evolution potential. Relevant operational parameters including initial contaminant concentration, pH, electrolyte concentration and current density had significant effects on the electrocatalytic performance of the TSS‐CAs electrode.CONCLUSIONIt was demonstrated that a proper content of carbon aerogel could improve the structure and electrochemical performance of the TSS‐CAs electrode. The removal of catechol was higher than that of hydroquinone and resorcinol during electrochemical oxidation, due to its lower Gibbs free energy barriers. Oxidation of intermediates of dihydroxybenzenes by the TSS‐CAs electrode also was confirmed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Why was the Paraná flood of 2016 weaker than that of 1998?
Authors: Antico Andrés , Diaz Henry F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough the 2015–2016 El Niño was expected to cause a severe Paraná River flood similar to that associated with the 1997–1998 El Niño, the Paraná flood of 2016 was considerably weaker than that of 1998. Here we explain this by analysing Paraná discharge data (1904–2017) to assess the contributions of discharge cycles with different frequencies and with different associated climate modes to the formation of the 1998 and 2016 floods. We found that the 2016 flood was relatively weak mainly because the following Paraná discharge cycles contributed less to form the 2016 flood than to form the 1998 flood: (a) a 3–5‐year cycle linked to El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), (b) a 9‐year cycle related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and (c) a 31–85‐year cycle associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). This finding suggests that, besides ENSO, two other climate modes (NAO and IPO) may have acted to weaken the 2016 flood.
Comparison of the efficiency and safety of endonasal and open rhinosurgery in children
Authors: Alekseenko Svetlana , Karpishchenko Sergey 
Published: June 2019

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to compare the efficiency and safety of endonasal endoscopic maxillary surgery and the Caldwell‐Luc approach in children.Study DesignCase series.MethodsA total of 121 children aged 9 to 17 years with chronic rhinosinusitis were included in the study. The patients were operated on using Caldwell‐Luc (n = 36) and endoscopic maxillary surgery (n = 85) procedures. Efficiency and safety of the surgeries were assessed using pre‐ and postoperative endoscopic evaluation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity, 20‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐20), and subjective (both children's and parents') evaluation of the outcomes.ResultsEndoscopic investigation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity demonstrated a significant improvement after both Caldwell‐Luc and endoscopic surgery, although the Caldwell‐Luc procedure did not result in significant improvement in mucosal color. However, no significant group difference was observed. Both techniques resulted in a significant improvement of mucosal edema and fluid characteristics. Based on the results of the SNOT‐20, endoscopic maxillary surgery was characterized by a significant improvement in headache frequency, waking up at night, reduced concentration, ear pain, and emotional suppression as compared to Caldwell‐Luc surgery. Although no significant group difference in efficiency between the Caldwell‐Luc approach and endoscopic surgery was observed, the latter was characterized by a lower rate of scar formation, and reduced sensitivity, local painfulness, lacrimation, and psychologic discomfort.ConclusionsThe obtained data demonstrate the higher efficiency and safety of endoscopic sinus surgery as compared to the Caldwell‐Luc approach in children.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1056–1063, 2020
Intraoperative mapping and monitoring of sensory vagal fibers during vagal schwannoma resection
Authors: Sinclair Catherine F. , Téllez Maria J. , Sánchez Roldán M. Angeles , Urken Mark , Ulkatan Sedat 
Published: June 2019

Vagal schwannomas are rare, benign tumors. Intermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring via selective stimulation of splayed motor fibers running on the schwannoma surface to elicit a compound muscle action potential has been previously reported as a method of preserving vagal motor fibers. In this case report, vagal sensory fibers are mapped and continuously monitored intraoperatively during high vagus schwannoma resection using the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR). Mapping of nerve fibers on the schwannoma surface enabled identification of sensory fibers. Continuous LAR monitoring during schwannoma subcapsular microsurgical dissection enabled sensory (and motor) vagal fibers to be monitored in real time with excellent postoperative functional outcomes.Laryngoscope, 129:E434–E436, 2019
Organochlorine pesticide residue and heavy metals in leguminous food crops from selected markets in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Olutona Godwin O. , Aderemi Mary A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues and potentially toxic metals in beans and cowpea. The OCPs and potentially toxic metals were analyzed using GC coupled with electron capture detector and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The moisture content (%) and ash (%) were 6.0–8.0% and 6.0–10.0% for beans and 6.0–8.0% and 7.5–14.5% for cowpea, respectively. Cowpea Oje had the highest level of OCPs with dieldrin (20.14 ± 0.28), aldrin (7.81 ± 0.13), γ‐benzene hexachloride (0.24 ± 0.11), pp‐DDE (1.23 ± 0.16), endrin (1.82 ± 0.14), endosulfan II (16.90 ± 0.00), pp‐DDT (1.82 ± 0.78), endrin CHO (12.89 ± 0.14), and endosulfan (13.49 ± 0.13), whereas beans Bodija had the lowest value of OCPs with dieldrin (0.99 ± 0.0), endosulfan II (1.02 ± 0.01), and endrin CHO (1.66 ± 0.12), which are all above the maximum residue limits. For the potentially toxic metals, lead was only found in cowpea Bodija and was below detection limit in other markets. Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cr were also detected in the samples.
Prediction of Survival With Long‐Term Disease Progression in Most Common Spinocerebellar Ataxia
Authors: Diallo Alhassane , Jacobi Heike , Cook Arron , Giunti Paola , Parkinson Michael H. , Labrum Robyn , Durr Alexandra , Brice Alexis , Charles Perrine , Marelli Cecilia , Mariotti Caterina , Nanetti Lorenzo , Panzeri Marta , Castaldo Anna , Rakowicz Maria , Rola Rafal , Sulek Anna , Schmitz‐Hübsch Tanja , Schöls Ludger , Hengel Holger , Baliko Laszlo , Melegh Bela , Filla Alessandro , Antenora Antonella , Infante Jon , Berciano José , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , Timmann Dagmar , Boesch Sylvia , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Pandolfo Massimo , Schulz Jörg B. , Bauer Peter , Jun‐Suk Kang , Klockgether Thomas , Tezenas du Montcel Sophie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxias are rare dominantly inherited neurodegenerative diseases that lead to severe disability and premature death.ObjectiveTo quantify the impact of disease progression measured by the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia on survival, and to identify different profiles of disease progression and survival.MethodsFour hundred sixty‐two spinocerebellar ataxia patients from the EUROSCA prospective cohort study, suffering from spinocerebellar ataxia type 1, spinocerebellar ataxia type 2, spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, and who had at least two measurements of Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score, were analyzed. Outcomes were change over time in Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score and time to death. Joint model was used to analyze disease progression and survival.ResultsDisease progression was the strongest predictor for death in all genotypes: An increase of 1 standard deviation in total Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia score increased the risk of death by 1.28 times (95% confidence interval: 1.18–1.38) for patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1; 1.19 times (1.12–1.26) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 2; 1.30 times (1.19–1.42) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3; and 1.26 times (1.11–1.43) for spinocerebellar ataxia type 6. Three subgroups of disease progression and survival were identified for patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 1: “severe” (n = 13; 12%), “intermediate” (n = 31; 29%), and “moderate” (n = 62; 58%). Patients in the severe group were more severely affected at baseline with higher Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia scores and frequency of nonataxia signs compared to those in the other groups.ConclusionRapid ataxia progression is associated with poor survival of the most common spinocerebellar ataxia. Theses current results have implications for the design of future interventional studies of spinocerebellar ataxia. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Remote Monitoring of Treatment Response in Parkinson's Disease: The Habit of Typing on a Computer
Authors: Matarazzo Michele , Arroyo‐Gallego Teresa , Montero Paloma , Puertas‐Martín Verónica , Butterworth Ian , Mendoza Carlos S. , Ledesma‐Carbayo María J. , Catalán María José , Molina José Antonio , Bermejo‐Pareja Félix , Martínez‐Castrillo Juan Carlos , López‐Manzanares Lydia , Alonso‐Cánovas Araceli , Rodríguez Jaime Herreros , Obeso Ignacio , Martínez‐Martín Pablo , Martínez‐Ávila José Carlos , de la Cámara Agustín Gómez , Gray Martha , Obeso José A. , Giancardo Luca , Sánchez‐Ferro Álvaro 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe recent advances in technology are opening a new opportunity to remotely evaluate motor features in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized that typing on an electronic device, a habitual behavior facilitated by the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, could allow for objectively and nonobtrusively monitoring parkinsonian features and response to medication in an at‐home setting.MethodsWe enrolled 31 participants recently diagnosed with PD who were due to start dopaminergic treatment and 30 age‐matched controls. We remotely monitored their typing pattern during a 6‐month (24 weeks) follow‐up period before and while dopaminergic medications were being titrated. The typing data were used to develop a novel algorithm based on recursive neural networks and detect participants’ responses to medication. The latter were defined by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale‐III (UPDRS‐III) minimal clinically important difference. Furthermore, we tested the accuracy of the algorithm to predict the final response to medication as early as 21 weeks prior to the final 6‐month clinical outcome.ResultsThe score on the novel algorithm based on recursive neural networks had an overall moderate kappa agreement and fair area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the time‐coincident UPDRS‐III minimal clinically important difference. The participants classified as responders at the final visit (based on the UPDRS‐III minimal clinically important difference) had higher scores on the novel algorithm based on recursive neural networks when compared with the participants with stable UPDRS‐III, from the third week of the study onward.ConclusionsThis preliminary study suggests that remotely gathered unsupervised typing data allows for the accurate detection and prediction of drug response in PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Longitudinal analysis of somatic and germ‐cell telomere dynamics in outbred mice
Authors: Ramos‐Ibeas Priscila , Pericuesta Eva , Peral‐Sanchez Irene , Heras Sonia , Laguna‐Barraza Ricardo , Pérez‐Cerezales Serafín , Gutiérrez‐Adán Alfonso 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough telomere length (TL) shortens with age in most tissues, an age‐related increase in length has been described in sperm through a mechanism that is not yet fully understood. Changes in TL with age in the same individual have not been explored. This longitudinal study examines TL dynamics in somatic tissue and gametes during an entire lifespan in an outbred mouse population (from 8 to up to 114 weeks of age). Our findings indicate a reduced life expectancy in males compared to females (84.75 ± 9.23 vs. 113.16 ± 0.20 weeks) and significant variability in TL dynamics between individuals. While with aging, a clear reduction in TL was produced in somatic cells and oocytes, telomeres in sperm cells significantly lengthened. Finally, we found evidence indicating that telomere elongation in sperm during aging may be dependent on different mechanisms, such as the survival of spermatogonia with longer telomeres and the alternative lengthening of telomeres mechanism in meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells.
Prospective acceleration of parallel RF transmission‐based 3D chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging with compressed sensing
Authors: Heo Hye‐Young , Xu Xiang , Jiang Shanshan , Zhao Yansong , Keupp Jochen , Redmond Kristin J. , Laterra John , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: June 2019

PurposeTo develop prospectively accelerated 3D CEST imaging using compressed sensing (CS), combined with a saturation scheme based on time‐interleaved parallel transmission.MethodsA variable density pseudo‐random sampling pattern with a centric elliptical k‐space ordering was used for CS acceleration in 3D. Retrospective CS studies were performed with CEST phantoms to test the reconstruction scheme. Prospectively CS‐accelerated 3D‐CEST images were acquired in 10 healthy volunteers and 6 brain tumor patients with an acceleration factor (RCS) of 4 and compared with conventional SENSE reconstructed images. Amide proton transfer weighted (APTw) signals under varied RF saturation powers were compared with varied acceleration factors.ResultsThe APTw signals obtained from the CS with acceleration factor of 4 were well‐preserved as compared with the reference image (SENSE R = 2) both in retrospective phantom and prospective healthy volunteer studies. In the patient study, the APTw signals were significantly higher in the tumor region (gadolinium [Gd]‐enhancing tumor core) than in the normal tissue (p < .001). There was no significant APTw difference between the CS‐accelerated images and the reference image. The scan time of CS‐accelerated 3D APTw imaging was dramatically reduced to 2:10 minutes (in‐plane spatial resolution of 1.8 1.8 mm2; 15 slices with 4‐mm slice thickness) as compared with SENSE (4:07 minutes).ConclusionCompressed sensing acceleration was successfully extended to 3D‐CEST imaging without compromising CEST image quality and quantification. The CS‐based CEST imaging can easily be integrated into clinical protocols and would be beneficial for a wide range of applications.
Copper Deficiency: Causes, Manifestations, and Treatment
Authors: Altarelli Marco , Ben‐Hamouda Nawfel , Schneider Antoine , Berger Mette M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolism of the essential trace element copper remains incompletely understood and, until recently, nearly ignored in acute medicine. Menkes disease was for long the only known copper deficiency condition, but several case reports and investigations conducted over the last 2 decades have shown that deficiency is more frequent than previously suspected, with devastating individual consequences and potential public health consequences. The copper needs in healthy individuals are 0.9 mg/d, which translates to 0.3 mg/d intravenously in parenteral nutrition; the present review aims at gathering actual knowledge.Method and resultsA review of literature was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane systematic reviews to identify the most recent information about copper deficiency and generate a narrative review. Copper deficiency has hereditary and acquired origins, the latter being the most frequent. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific but affect all organs and systems, particularly the hematologic (anemia) and the neurologic (myeloneuropathy) systems. Deficiency also affects the cardiovascular, cutaneous, and immune systems. Severe copper deficiency due to reduced absorption after bariatric bypass surgery has become frequent.ConclusionDeficiency is more frequent than previously recognized, probably because of changing nutrition patterns but also because of some treatments that have become very common such as bypass bariatric surgery and, in acute medicine, prolonged continuous renal replacement therapy. The patients may present with severe hematologic and neurologic complications that go untreated because copper deficiency was not considered in the differential diagnosis: These complications often need active intravenous repletion with doses 4–8 times the usual nutrition recommendations.
Multigrid for second‐order ADN elliptic systems
Authors: Lee B. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThis paper theoretically examines a multigrid strategy for solving systems of elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) introduced in the work of Lee. Unlike most multigrid solvers that are constructed directly from the whole system operator, this strategy builds the solver using a factorization of the system operator. This factorization is composed of an algebraic coupling term and a diagonal (decoupled) differential operator. Exploiting the factorization, this approach can produce decoupled systems on the coarse levels. The corresponding coarse‐grid operators are in fact the Galerkin variational coarsening of the diagonal differential operator. Thus, rather than performing delicate coarse‐grid selection and interpolation weight procedures on the original strongly coupled system as often done, these procedures are isolated to the diagonal differential operator. To establish the theoretical results, however, we assume that these systems of PDEs are elliptic in the Agmon–Douglis–Nirenberg (ADN) sense and apply the factorization and multigrid only to the principal part of the system of PDEs. Two‐grid error bounds are established for the iteration applied to the complete system of PDEs. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this strategy and to expose factors that affect the convergence of the methods derived from this strategy.