bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Globin synthesis in mouse erythroleukemia cells in vitro: a switch in beta chains due to inducing agent
Authors: Alter BP , Goff SC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Friend erythroleukemia cells, originally derived from DBA/2 mice, differentiate when cultured with inducing agents. Studies of the different effects of inducing agents on clone 745 have revealed that both dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and hemin produce benzidine-positive cells. Butyric acid produced mature but benzidine-negative cells in this clone. All agents induced globin synthesis above the 0.1% of protein synthesis found in uninduced cells. DMSO induction stimulated globin synthesis 9%, hemin 2%, and butyric acid 3%. Total beta/alpha ratios were approximately unity with all agents. Although the inducing agents all stimulated total globin synthesis in Friend cells, the relative rates of synthesis of the two mouse beta chains were affected differently by the various agents. Hemin markedly increased the proportion of beta minor. For example, DBA/2 mouse reticulocytes synthesized 20% beta minor and 80% beta major. DMSO induction of clone 745 caused 20%-33% synthesis of beta minor. In contrast, hemin increased the proportion of beta minor to 64%-69%. Thus the Friend erythroleukemia cell system provides an in vitro approach to the study of the regulation of globin-chain switching.
Cellular fluxes of vitamin B12
Authors: Ostray F , Gams RA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Incorporation of vitamin B12 into L1210 cells requires the protein binder transcobalamin II (TCII). The process is saturable, follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics (Km = 2.5 X 10(-9) M at 37 degrees C), is both temperature and calcium (K50 - 1 X 10(-6) M) dependent, and is inhibited by apo-TCII, indicating the presence of a TCII specific receptor on the cell membrane. B12 also leaves the cell by a calcium- independent pathway bound to either TCII or to a protein with chromatographic properties similar to those of TCIII. Since intact TCII- B12 can be found in the cytosol and can promote B12 uptake by mitochondria, it is proposed that the B12 released from the cell bound to the TCIII-like protein is derived by mitochondrial processing of incorporated TCII-B12. The slower time course of release of the latter B12 is consistent with this postulate.
Filtration leukapheresis: effects of donor stimulation with dexamethasone
Authors: Higby DJ , Henderson ES , Burnett D , Cohen E 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dexamethasone was administered to 51 donors prior to filtration leukapheresis. The results of this maneuver, including the consequences of transfusion, were contrasted with results in 52 donors who did not receive the steroid. Yields of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, the posttransfusion increments in recipients, themorphologic polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained, and the incidence of donor and recipient reactions were all beneficially influenced by this manipulation. Possible mechanisms responsible for these observations are discussed. It is recommended that dexamethasone stimulation be used in filtration leukapheresis when circumstances do not otherwise contraindicate such a maneuver.
Comparison of daily versus intermittent chlorambucil and prednisone therapy in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sawitsky A , Rai KR , Glidewell O , Silver RT 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ninety-six patients with stage III and stage IV chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were randomized into one of three treatment schedules. Prednisone was common to all three schedules and was given daily in an initial dosage of 0.8 mg/kg for the first 14 days, with successive halving of the daily dose on days 15 and 29 for a total 6-wk course. Prednisone was then given once a month at 0.8 mg/kg once a day for each of 7 consecutive days. Schedule I was prednisone plus chlorambucil (CLB) given as a once-a-month dose of 0.4–0.8 mg/kg; schedule II was both drugs, but the CLB was given as a daily dose of 0.08 mg/kg; schedule III was prednisone alone. Complete and partial remission (CR + PR) was 47% for schedule I, 38% for schedule II, and 11% for schedule III. Patients who responded (CR + PR) in each of the treatment schedules survived longer than the nonresponders. Complete remission was obtained in both CLB treatment schedules, but not with the prednisone alone regimen. Although overall survival was best in the intermittent CLB arm, there was no significant difference in survival time between the three treatment schedules. Toxicity was minimal in all three regimens. Augmentation of the intermittent monthly CLB, even to 1.5 and 2.0 mg/kg, was tolerated without undue marrow toxicity. About 22% of these patients either had diabetes mellitus at the time of entry on the study or manifested hyperglycemia during the course of treatment and observation.
Congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia with an unstable hexokinase variant
Authors: Board PG , Trueworthy R , Smith JE , Moore K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We report a family with a new hexokinase variant that gives rise to nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia in one apparently homozygous family member. The variant enzyme has a normal pH optimum, normal reaction kinetics, and normal electrophoretic properties, but has reduced activity and is apparently inactivated rapidly as the affected erythrocytes age.
Heterogeneity of human colony-forming cells
Authors: Inoue S , Ottenbreit MJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Culture supernatants from established human fibroblast cell lines (FCM) and from phytahemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes (LCM) were compared with respect to their stimulatory effects on the colony formation by human marrow leukocyte precursors in vitro using the methylcellulose culture system. The cultures were performed using specimens from children with a variety of disorders. LCM stimulation consistently produced a significantly higher proportion of macrophage colonies than did FCM stimulation, whereas FCM stimulation resulted in a significantly higher number of number of neutrophil colonies. Based on the sequential examination of colony numbers in 35 FCM-and 11 LCM- stimulated cultures, the colonies in LCM-stimulated cultures (predominantly macrophage colonies) survived much longer than those in FCM-stimulated cultures (predominantly neutrophil colonies). Cell fractionation experiments by velocity sedimentation on four different specimens revealed that the majority of FCM-responsive cells were large and formed pure neutrophil colonies, while the majority of LCM- responsive cells were smaller and formed either pure macrophage or mixed neutrophil-macrophage colonies. These observations suggest that human colony-forming cells consist of at least two distinct cell populations different in (1) cell size, (2) response to two different conditioned media, LCM and FCM, and (3) type of colonies each population forms.
Lack of protective effect of autotransplanted splenic tissue to pneumococcal challenge
Authors: Schwartz AD , Goldthorn JF , Winkelstein JA , Swift AJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Studies in animals and clinical experience in patients have demonstrated that splenectomy may lead to an increased susceptibility to infection. The infections are usually caused by encapsulated bacteria such as penumococcus. It has been shown in a variety of experimental animals that autotransplanted splenic tissue is capable of regenerating into implants that are microscopically indistinguishable from normal spleen and of restoring a number of normal splenic functions. The response to intravenous challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae, type 25, was therefore studied in control, asplenic, and autotransplanted Sprague-Dawley rats. Despite previous observations that a number of immune functions can be restored in this animal model by autotransplanted splenic tissue, the present study indicates that splenic tissue autotransplants do not restore the ability to resist intravenous pneumococcal challenge.
Endotoxin-induced changes in human platelet membranes: morphologic evidence
Authors: Ausprunk DH , Das J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Interaction between human platelets and bacterial endotoxin was studied in vitro with transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Washed human platelets, whose aggregation was blocked with apyrase, were incubated in a plasma-free medium containing crude endotoxin that had previously been complexed with copper. Thirty minutes of incubation resulted in adherence of endotoxin particles to the platelet surface, breaks in the platelet plasma membrane with apparent attempts at repair, pseudoped formation, and centralization of platelet organelles. Copper appeared to potentiate these phenomena, since neither Cu2+ at low concentrations nor endotoxin alone altered the morphology of the platelet membrane. This platelet-endotoxin interaction may be an intermediary step in the detoxification and clearance of endotoxin from the plasma.
Effect of protein deprivation on extrarenal erythropoietin production
Authors: Anagnostou A , Schade S , Barone J , Fried W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The production of erythropoietin by rats fed a protein-deficient diet is markedly decreased. This defect can be rapidly reversed by feeding protein. In the reported experiments we investigated the effect of protein deficiency on the extra-renal production of erythropoietin. The results indicate that the production of erythropoietin in nephrectomized animals is insensitive to protein depletion.
Discrimination between human T and B lymphocytes and monocytes by computer analysis of digitized data from scanning microphotometry. I. Chromatin distribution patterns
Authors: Durie BG , Vaught L , Chen YP , Olson GB , Salmon SE , Bartels H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Digitized images of Feulgen-stained normal human B and T lymphocytes and monocytes were analyzed by computer and microphotometry. The algorithms assessed the chromatin distribution patterns. A substantial number of parameters descriptive of the chromatin distributions were found to show statistically highly significant differences between B and T cells and monocytes. Although the effects of a number of biologic variables, such as cell cycle phase and immune stimulation, need to be carefully evaluated, the preliminary results indicate potential for automatic classification and subclassification of human B and T lymphocytes in normal and disease states.
Centrifugal method of determining red cell deformability
Authors: Corry WD , Meiselman HJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A recently developed technique for deforming red blood cells (RBC) in which they are centrifuged through buffer and into a glutaraldehyde solution was evaluated as a method of assessing cellular deformability (i.e., the ability of the entire RBC to form a new configuration). To accomplish this, RBC populations of differing cellular deformability were tested, using three generally accepted techniques to obtain these differences: partial fixation with low concentrations of glutaraldehyde, density fractionation, and suspension of RBC in nonisotonic media. Our results indicate that at a constant deforming force the mean deformed length of the RBC decreased under conditions where cellular deformability is known to decrease, thus suggesting the usefulness of this centrifugal method for the estimation of this cellular property.
Water distribution in blood during sickling of erythrocytes
Authors: Fales FW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plasma urea and protein determinations proved suitable for measuring changes in total diffusible water and plasma volume in whole blood. Deoxygenation by saturation with carbon dioxide at 25 degrees C caused no change in plasma urea, but a significant increase in plasma protein concentration was induced with both normal and sickle-cell (HbSS) blood. Thus in HbSS blood there was no binding or trapping of water as a result of sickling and there was a normal influx of water into the cells (Bohr effect) despite the polymerization of the hemoglobin molecules with sickling. Consistent with this observation was the finding that the deoxygenation induced a similar increase in concentration of the plasma cations, sodium plus potassium. HbSS erythrocytes neither lost nor gained water under the more physiologic conditions of deoxygenation with a 95% nitrogen, 5% carbon dioxide gas mixture.
Inhibition in vivo of mouse granulopoiesis by cell-free activity derived from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils
Authors: Broxmeyer HE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cell-free extracts from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) inhibited rebound granulopoiesis in the bone marrow and spleen of mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide to remove endogenous PMN. Absolute numbers of granulocytemonocyte progenitor cells (CFU-C) and net endogenous colony-stimulating activity (CSA) production were found to be increased 3 days after cyclophosphamide in the bone marrow and 6 days after in the spleen. Administration of PMN extract to the drug- treated mice prior to rebound granulopoiesis substantially decreased CSA production and CFU-C but not spleen B lymphocyte colony-forming cells. In addition, mice treated with PMN extract had decreased levels of CSA in serum and in conditioned medium of marrow-free bone, heart, and lung cultures. Inhibition was reversed by injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Extracts from PMN of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, inactive in vitro, had no effect in vivo. These results demonstrate that inhibitory activity derived from PMN can control granulopoiesis in vivo.
Colony-stimulating factors active on human bone marrow cells from a Yoshida sarcoma cell line
Authors: Ohno T , Seki M , Shikita M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) active on both human and murine bone marrow colony-forming units in culture (CFU-C) were found in the conditioned medium of Yoshida sarcoma cells (line YSSF-212T), although the cells originated from rats. The CSF were inactivated by digestion with trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, and pronase. By chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, the CSF were separated into five subgroups with different capacities to stimulate mouse granulocyte and macrophage progenitors. CSF in these five peaks were eluted from an Ultrogel AcA 44 gel filtration column with apparent molecular weights of 22,000– 25,000 daltons. CSF of nonhuman origin stimulating human CFU-C would be useful in hematologic studies of bone marrow cells.
Hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and hexokinase deficiency
Authors: Beutler E , Dyment PG , Matsumoto F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An 11-yr-old child with mild chronic hemolytic anemia was found to have decreased red cell hexokinase activity in spite of the reduced mean age of her red cell population. Similar decreases in red cell hexokinase activity were documented in the patient's parents and in one sib. The red cells were morphologically normal. Red cell 2,3-DPG levels were normal and ATP and glucose-6-phosphate levels were diminished. The kinetic properties, electrophoretic mobility, and thermal stability of the residual red cell hexokinase were normal or nearly so. Glucose consumption of the hexokinase-deficient cells was not appreciably decreased, probably because less of the potent inhibitor glucose-6- phosphate was present in the erythrocytes. It is likely, although not certain, that in this patient nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia resulted from hexokinase deficiency.
Polyamine synthesis in bone marrow granulocytes: effect of cell maturity and early changes following an inflammatory stimulus
Authors: Evans WH , Grieshaber CK , Miller WC , Wilson SM , Hoffman HA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Enriched fractions of mature and immature neutrophil granulocytes, isolated from guinea pig bone marrow, were assayed for ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine content. The results show that immature granulocytes contain at least ten times more ornithine decarboxylase activity and two times more spermidine than mature granulocytes. The incorporation of 14C-ornithine into putrescine and spermidine of intact immature granulocytes was three to four times and ten times, respectively, that of mature granulocyte preparations. Six hours after an inflammatory stimulus, transient increases of 14-fold and 3-fold in the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl- L-methionine decarboxylase, respectively, were observed in immature bone marrow granulocytes. At this time the incorporation of 14C- ornithine into putrescine and spermidine in bone marrow granulocytes from stimulated animals was 14 times that of cells from controls. A maximum increase in DNA synthesis in these cells during the inflammatory response occurred 6 hr after the maximum increase in the polyamine synthetic activity. Together these data suggest that polyamine synthesis in the granulocyte compartment of the bone marrow is associated chiefly with immature proliferating cells and that increased polyamine synthesis precedes increased granulocyte proliferation in the bone marrow following an inflammatory stimulus.
Evidence for distinct lymphocytic and monocytic populations in a patient with terminal transferase--positive acute leukemia
Authors: Mertelsmann R , Koziner B , Ralph R , Filippa D , McKenzie S , Arlin ZA , Gee TS , Moore MA , Clarkson BD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two distinct cell populations with lymphoblastic and monocytic characteristics were separated and characterized by multiple cell markers in a patient with terminal transferase-positive acute acute leukemia. The clinical course and sequential cell marker studies were consistent with the interpretation of a defect at the level of a common stem cell giving rise to a terminal transferase--positive lymphoblastic cell population at diagnosis and, following initial therapy, a terminal transferase--negative monocytic population.
Hormone-stimulated heme synthesis by isolated mitochondria
Authors: Agam G , Djaldetti M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Erythropoietin (Ep), insulin, and prostaglandins E1 and A1 (PGE1, PGA1) enhanced heme synthesis by mitochondria isolated from embryonic and adult mouse liver cells. The combination of Ep with PGE1 had an antagonistic effect, while that of Ep with PGA1 gave an additive result. The capability of isolated human platelet mitochondria to synthesize heme was also shown. This activity was stimulated by Ep.
Failure of the alpha-thalassemia gene to decrease the severity of sickle cell anemia
Authors: Natta C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 15-yr-old black male with homozygous sickle cell disease was severely growth retarded and had a chronic hemolytic anemia requiring transfusions. Globin chain synthetic studies of both peripheral blood reticulocytes and bone marrow cells revealed a ratio of alpha to betas globin synthesis (alpha/betas ratio) of 0.5, indicating the presence of an alpha-thalassemia gene. Messenger RNA isolated from the bone marrow of the patient was translated in the wheat germ cell-free system, and the globin synthesized had an alpha/betas ratio of 0.7. The hemolysate prepared from incubated bone marrow cells was fractionated on a Sephadex G100 column. The results showed that there was a peak of radioactivity that eluted after the hemoglobin peak. When this pooled peak was analyzed by CMC chromatography, the alpha/betas ratio was 0.9. These globin intermediates, probably dimers, may have contributed to the hemolysis in this patient.
Clonal evolution in atypical chronic granulocytic leukemia: a non- Philadelphia translocation
Authors: Bagby GC Jr , Kaiser-McCaw B , Hecht F , Koler RD , Linman JW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemopoietic cells in chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) frequently contain a chromosome translocation involving chromosome 22 and another autosome, usually number 9. The translocated chromosome 22 is known as the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome. The appearance of a second Ph chromosome is the most common cytogenetic abnormality in CGL signaling the blastic phase. For 6 yr we serially studied a man with atypical CGL whose marrow cells were marked by a translocation from chromosome 18 to chromosome 11 [46XY,t(11;18)(q23;q12)]. Three months prior to blast transformation there appeared an extra copy of the marker chromosome 18: 47XY,t(11;18)(q23;q12),+(18p11 leads to 18q12). This man presents a new cytogenetic pattern of clonal evolution in CGL. The pattern is analogous to that of the Ph chromosome and is characterized by a balanced chromosomal rearrangement and the subsequent acquisition of an extra copy of the small translocation chromosome immediately prior to blast transformation.
Inhibition of platelet aggregation by protease inhibitors. Possible involvement of proteases in platelet aggregation
Authors: Aoki N , Naito K , Yoshida N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The possible participation of proteases in human platelet aggregation was explored using various protease inhibitors and substrates. Protease inhibitors used included naturally occurring inhibitors of serine proteases and synthetic inhibitors that modify the active site of protease. Substrates used were synthetic substrates for the trypsin type as well as for the chymotrypsin type of protease. All these inhibitors and substrates inhibited platelet aggregation and serotonin release induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine, or thrombin. In ADP- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation the second phase of aggregation was most efficiently inhibited. The inhibitors suppressed the formation of malondialdehyde during platelet aggregation. Release by aggregating agents of arachidonate and its metabolites from indomethacin-treated platelets as well as nontreated platelets was also inhibited. The inhibitors apperar to interact with stimulated platelets but not with unstimulated platelets. These observations suggest that the interaction of an aggregating agent with its platelet receptor activates a unique precursor serine protease that in turn activates platelet phospholipase to liberate arachidonic acid (the precursor of the potent platelet aggregating agent thromboxane A2) from platelet phospholipids.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating factor production by rabbit kidney cultures from "programmed" rabbits
Authors: Ogle JW , Lange RD , Dunn CD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Rabbit kidney tissue either from normal rabbits or from rabbits “programmed” by phlebotomy or varying periods of hypoxia was cultured and shown to release into the culture medium an erythropoietically active substance. The cultures established from rabbits programmed by 6- 12 hr of hypoxia yielded the highest levels of erythropoiesis- stimulating activity.
Hypergranular promyelocytic leukemia (APL): cytogenetic and ultrastructural specificity
Authors: Testa JR , Golomb HM , Rowley JD , Vardiman JW , Sweet DL Jr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cytogenetic and ultrastructural findings were important diagnostic indicators of hypergranular promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in a patient whose bone marrow morphology appeared, by light microscopy, to be similar to that in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) with maturation. Peripheral blood smears and bone marrow specimens examined by light microscopy showed few cells with the numerous coarse, azurophilic granules typical of APL. Cytogenetic analyses, with several banding techniques, of cells from bone marrow and unstimulated peripheral blood revealed the 15;17 translocation, which has been observed only in APL. A reinterpretation of the reciprocal translocation, based on R banding, suggests that the breakpoints are distal to q24 in No. 15 and at or near the junction of q21 and q22 in No. 17. In addition, the patient had disseminated intravascular coagulation. The characteristic morphology of granules seen in APL was observed in this case only when transmission electron microscopy was used, since the granules were quite small. Since treatment for AML differs from that for APL, identification of the 15;17 translocation and ultrastructural evidence of granules represent valuable diagnostic aids for APL.