bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOMA‐IR: An independent predictor of advanced liver fibrosis in nondiabetic non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Fujii Hideki , Imajo Kento , Yoneda Masato , Nakahara Takashi , Hyogo Hideyuki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Hara Tasuku , Tanaka Saiyu , Sumida Yoshio , Eguchi Yuichiro , Chayama Kazuaki , Nakajima Atsushi , Nishimoto Naoki , Kawada Norifumi ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in the general population, identifying patients with advanced fibrosis remains a challenge. We investigated whether the homeostasis model assessment parameter of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), an index of IR and one of the most important metabolic factors, is an independent predictive factor for advanced fibrosis in nondiabetic patients with NAFLD.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross‐sectional multicenter study. We included 361 patients with biopsy‐proven NAFLD who had not been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus: 175 (48%) were women and 48 (13%) had advanced fibrosis. We used simple random sampling; the sampling ratio of the estimation and validation groups was 7:3. A logistic model was constructed for both the estimation and validation groups. The explanatory variables were age ≥ 49 years, sex (women), body mass index ≥ 26.7 kg/m2, the presence of hypertension, presence of dyslipidemia, fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 98 mg/dL, fasting immune reactive insulin level ≥ 12.0 μU/mL, and HOMA‐IR ≥ 2.90. The median HOMA‐IR of the patients was 2.88 (interquartile range: 2.1–4.8).ResultsIn the estimation group, univariate and multivariate analyses showed that age, dyslipidemia, and HOMA‐IR were independent predictors of advanced fibrosis. In the validation group, only age and HOMA‐IR were found to be independent predictors of advanced fibrosis.ConclusionsHomeostasis model assessment parameter of insulin resistance was an independent predictor of advanced liver fibrosis in nondiabetic patients with NAFLD. Given that most patients with NAFLD are nondiabetic, it is important to set goals with respect to improving IR to subsequently reduce liver fibrosis.
A Study on a Sequential One‐Defender‐N‐Attacker Game
Authors: Xu Zhiheng , Zhuang Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGovernment usually faces threat from multiple attackers. However, in the literature, researchers often model attackers as one monolithic player who chooses whether to attack, how much investment to spend, and on which target, instead of treating multiple attackers as independent agents. This modeling strategy may potentially cause suboptimal defense investment if the attackers have vastly different interests and preferences and may not be combined as one in theory. In this article, we develop a sequential game with complete information. This model considers one defender explicitly dealing with multiple unmergeable attackers. Thorough numerical experiments are conducted using ratio and exponential contest success functions under different scenarios. The result is also contrasted with the corresponding single attacker model to study the effect of mishandling multiple attackers. The propositions and observations drawn from the numerical experiments provide insights for government decision making with a better understanding of the attackers' behavior.
Married women's labor supply and economic development: Evidence from Sri Lankan household data
Authors: Seneviratne Prathi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWomen's labor supply in Sri Lanka has increased steadily since the early 1990s following economic reforms, but remains well below the level predicted by national income, a feature shared by a number of Asian and Latin American countries that have undergone similar reforms and economic growth. To understand the microeconomic determinants of women's work in Sri Lanka's growing economy, this paper estimates a binary‐choice model of married women's labor supply using household survey data spanning a 23‐year period. Decomposition and cohort analysis reveal that women have been drawn into the workforce through falling fertility rates, rising tertiary education, and declining income effects among younger generations, but other factors have undermined this positive trend. Educational attainment reduces married women's labor supply except at the tertiary level, consistent with social stigmas associated with married women in non‐white‐collar employment. The strict sectoral segregation of married women by education level supports this hypothesis. In addition, growth has been concentrated in low‐skilled sectors with self‐employment more prevalent, reducing employment prospects of educated women and prompting their labor force withdrawal. This suggests it is the structure of economic development, rather than speed, that matters for women's labor force activity.
A grey wolf optimizer–cellular automata integrated model for urban growth simulation and optimization
Authors: Cao Min , Huang Mengxue , Xu Ruqi , Lü Guonian , Chen Min 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and cellular automata (CA) integrated model for the simulation and spatial optimization of urban growth. A new grey wolf‐inspired approach is put forward to determine the urban growth rules of CA cells by using the GWO algorithm, which is suitable for solving optimization problems. The inspiration for GWO comes from the social leadership of wolf groups, as well as their hunting behavior. The GWO‐optimized urban growth rules for CA describe the relationship between the spatial variables and the urban land‐use status for each cell in the formation of “if–then.” The GWO algorithm and CA model are then integrated as the GWO–CA model for urban growth simulation and optimization. By taking Nanjing City as an example, the simulation accuracy in terms of urban cells is 86.6%, and the kappa coefficient is 0.715, indicating that the GWO algorithm is efficient at obtaining urban growth rules from spatial variables. The validation of the GWO–CA model also illustrates that it performs well in terms of the simulation and spatial optimization of urban growth, and can further contribute to urban planning and management.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Willianms Ellery 
Published: January 2019

Business and Management Studies (BMS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether BMS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 4 Andrzej Niemiec, Poznań University of Economics and Business, PolandAshford Chea, Benedict College, USAFábio Albergaria de Queiroz, Catholic University of Brasília, BrazilFlorin Peci, University of Peja, KosovoHung-Che Wu, Nanfang College of Sun Yat-sen University, ChinaIulia Cristina Muresan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, RomaniaJason Caudill, King University, USAJulia Stefanova, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BulgariaLucie Andreisová, University of Economics in Prague, CzechMichael Okoche, University of South Africa, UgandaMike Rayner, University of Portsmouth, UKOzgur Demirtas, Inonu University, TurkeyRocsana Tonis, Spiru Haret University, RomaniaZeki Atıl Bulut, Dokuz Eylul University, TurkeyZoran Mastilo, University of East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Ellery WillianmsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Business and Management StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://bms.redfame.com
Dome-shaped macula: a potential protective factor for visual acuity after cataract surgery in patients with high myopia
Authors: Zhu Xiangjia , He Wenwen , Zhang Shaohua , Rong Xianfang , Fan Qi , Lu Yi 
Published: January 2019

PurposeTo evaluate whether the presence of dome-shaped macula (DSM) is a protective factor for visual acuity after cataract surgery in patients with high myopia.MethodsIncluded were 891 highly myopic cataract eyes (600 patients) that were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT) through the central fovea and underwent cataract surgery in our hospital. DSM was defined as an inward bulge >50 µm in horizontal or vertical OCT sections. The incidences of various maculopathies were compared between eyes with and those without DSM. The influences of age, sex, eye laterality, axial length and DSM on postoperative visual acuity were evaluated by multivariate linear regression.ResultsOf the 891 eyes, 123 (13.8%) had DSM. There was a greater association of DSM with extrafoveal retinoschisis (RS) than with other vision-threatening complications such as foveal RS and choroidal neovascularisation. In addition to axial length and age, sex was associated with the presence of DSM (p=0.016). In bilateral high myopia, the incidence of DSM increased with the degree of anisometropia and was more common in the longer eye of patients with anisometropia. Younger age, male sex, shorter axial length and the presence of DSM were associated with better postoperative visual acuity in highly myopic cataract eyes (β=0.124, p=0.002; β=0.142, p<0.001; β=0.275, p<0.001 and β=−0.088, p=0.038, respectively).ConclusionAssociated with fewer visual threatening macular complications, presence of DSM may be a protective factor for visual function after cataract surgery in highly myopic eyes.
Utilization rates of tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute stroke and underlying malignancy
Authors: Rinaldo Lorenzo , Cloft Harry J , Rangel Castilla Leonardo , Rabinstein Alejandro A , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveRelatively little is known about the effect of malignancy on patient outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or utilization rates of stroke interventions in this population. We aimed to assess the effect of underlying malignancy on outcomes and treatment of AIS at a population level.MethodsOutcomes after AIS between patients with and without malignancy were compared using a national database of hospital reported outcomes.ResultsThere were 351 institutions reporting the outcomes of 3 18 127 admissions for AIS. Of these admissions, 16 141 patients carried a pre-existing diagnosis of malignancy at the time of admission. Administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) was less common in patients with malignancy compared with patients without malignancy (7.3% vs 10.7%; P<0.001) but there was no difference in the rate of mechanical thrombectomy (3.1% vs 3.1%; P=0.967). Mortality rates were higher among patients with malignancy (7.1% vs 3.7%; P<0.001), a relationship which persisted when analysis was restricted to patients receiving IV tPA (10.8% vs 6.1%; P<0.001) or thrombectomy (20.3% vs 13.5%; P<0.001). Rates of both IV tPA administration (2.5% vs 10.5%; P<0.001) and mechanical thrombectomy (2.1% vs 5.4%; P<0.001) were lower in patients with brain malignancy relative to patients with malignancy of non-CNS origin.ConclusionA diagnosis of malignancy on admission for acute stroke was associated with a higher rate of mortality. Malignancy was also associated with a lower rate of IV tPA administration but no difference in mechanical thrombectomy utilization.
Functionally distinct language and Theory of Mind networks are synchronized at rest and during language comprehension
Authors: Paunov Alexander M. , Blank Idan A. , Fedorenko Evelina 
Published: January 2019

Communication requires the abilities to generate and interpret utterances and to infer the beliefs, desires, and goals of others (“Theory of Mind”; ToM). These two abilities have been shown to dissociate: individuals with aphasia retain the ability to think about others’ mental states; and individuals with autism are impaired in social reasoning, but their basic language processing is often intact. In line with this evidence from brain disorders, functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown that linguistic and ToM abilities recruit distinct sets of brain regions. And yet, language is a social tool that allows us to share thoughts with one another. Thus, the language and ToM brain networks must share information despite being implemented in distinct neural circuits. Here, we investigated potential interactions between these networks during naturalistic cognition using functional correlations in fMRI. The networks were functionally defined in individual participants, in terms of preference for sentences over nonwords for language, and for belief inference over physical-event processing for ToM, with both a verbal and a nonverbal paradigm. Although, across experiments, interregion correlations within each network were higher than between-network correlations, we also observed above-baseline synchronization of blood oxygenation level-dependent signal fluctuations between the two networks during rest and story comprehension. This synchronization was functionally specific: neither network was synchronized with the executive control network (functionally defined in terms of preference for a harder over easier version of an executive task). Thus, coordination between the language and ToM networks appears to be an inherent and specific characteristic of their functional architecture.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Humans differ from nonhuman primates in their abilities to communicate linguistically and to infer others’ mental states. Although linguistic and social abilities appear to be interlinked onto- and phylogenetically, they are dissociated in the adult human brain. Yet successful communication requires language and social reasoning to work in concert. Using functional MRI, we show that language regions are synchronized with social regions during rest and language comprehension, pointing to a possible mechanism for internetwork interaction.
Diferencias en la percepción de violencia en niñas y niños de escuelas municipales, y su asociación con actitudes parentales
Authors: Vásquez Nicole , Gallego Francisco , Bedregal Paula 
Published: January 2019

Introducción: La violencia es un problema de salud mental que se ha abordado poco en escolares respecto a sus diferencias por sexo. En particular, la percepción de violencia por escolares es de importancia para el diseño de intervenciones comunitarias en salud mental. Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en la magnitud de la percepción de violencia según contexto y tipo de exposición por sexo y la asociación con actitudes parentales percibidas por estudiantes de básica de colegios municipales chilenos. Método: Se realizó un diseño transversal en 6879 escolares (45,5% hombres) de 4-6° básico de escuelas municipales de seis comunas de Chile. Se aplicó un cuestionario que incluyó variables sociodemográficas, la percepción de violencia en el hogar, barrio y colegio (observada y personalmente vivenciada); y actitudes parentales. Se analizaron puntajes y asociación de variables, y además, se realizó análisis de regresión. Resultados: El lugar de mayor percepción de violencia por escolares de ambos sexos es en el colegio. En todos los contextos y tipos de exposición los hombres perciben más violencia que las mujeres (p<0,001). Las mujeres perciben mejores actitudes parentales que los hombres (p<0,05). Se encontraron correlaciones negativas significativas entre percepción de violencia y algunas actitudes parentales como: apoyo emocional otorgado, preocupación por la escuela y por otros aspectos de la vida. Conclusión: La alta frecuencia de percepción de violencia en diversos contextos y las diferencias por sexo encontradas nos abre a una reflexión en perspectiva de género, fundamental para la política pública.
The Prognostic Value and Regulatory Mechanisms of microRNA-145 in Various Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 50 Studies
Authors: Xu Liangliang , Zhang Yanfang , Tang Jianwei , Wang Peng , Li Lian , Yan Xiaokai , Zheng Xiaobo , Ren Shengsheng , Zhang Ming , Xu Mingqing 
Published: January 2019

AbstractActing as an important tumor-related miRNA, the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of miR-145 in various malignant tumors have been investigated by numerous studies. This study aimed to comprehensively estimate the prognostic value and systematically illustrate the regulatory mechanisms of miR-145 based on all eligible literature.Relevant studies were acquired from multiple online databases. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were used as primary endpoints. Detailed subgroup analyses were performed to decrease the heterogeneity among studies and recognize the prognostic value of miR-145. All statistical analyses were performed with RevMan software version 5.3 and STATA software version 14.1. A total of 48 articles containing 50 studies were included in the meta-analysis. For OS, the pooled results showed that low miR-145 expression in tumor tissues was significantly associated with worse OS in patients with various tumors [HR = 1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46–1.99; P &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on tumor type showed that the downregulation of miR-145 was associated with unfavorable OS in colorectal cancer (HR = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.52–3.08; P &lt; 0.001), ovarian cancer (HR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.29–3.59; P = 0.003), gastric cancer (HR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.35–2.36; P &lt; 0.001), glioma (HR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.30–2.10; P &lt; 0.001), and osteosarcoma (HR = 2.28; 95% CI, 1.50–3.47; P &lt; 0.001). For PFS, the pooled results also showed that the downregulation of miR-145 was significantly associated with poor PFS in patients with multiple tumors (HR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.16–1.67; P &lt; 0.001), and the subgroup analyses further identified that the low miR-145 expression was associated with worse PFS in patients with lung cancer (HR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.25–3.09; P = 0.003) and those of Asian descent (HR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.23–1.82; P &lt; 0.001). For the regulatory mechanisms, we observed that numerous tumor-related transcripts could be targeted by miR-145-5p or miR-145-3p, as well as the expression and function of miR-145-5p could be regulated by multiple molecules.This meta-analysis indicated that downregulated miR-145 in tumor tissues or peripheral blood predicted unfavorable prognostic outcomes for patients suffering from various malignant tumors. In addition, miR-145 was involved in multiple tumor-related pathways and the functioning of significant biological effects. miR-145 is a well-demonstrated tumor suppressor, and its expression level is significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients with multiple malignant tumors.
Ten-Year Comparison Study of Type 1 and 2 Endometrial Cancers: Risk Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Feinberg Jacqueline , Albright Benjamin , Black Jonathan , Lu Lingeng , Passarelli Rachel , Gysler Stefan , Whicker Margaret , Altwerger Gary , Menderes Gulden , Hui Pei , Santin Alessandro D. , Azodi Masoud , Silasi Dan-Arin , Ratner Elena S. , Litkouhi Babak , Schwartz Peter E. 
Published: January 2019

Aims: To compare baseline risk factors for type 1 vs. 2 endometrial cancers and analyze these risk factors for association with overall survival and time to recurrence. Methods: Retrospective review of 816 consecutive endometrial cancer cases was conducted with diagnosis from January 2005 to December 2010 and clinical course until 2016. Risk factors, treatment, recurrence, and death were compared using 2 sample t tests, χ2 test and Cox Regression models. Results: There were 550 cases of type 1 and 266 cases of type 2 cancer. Patients with type 2 disease were older (p < 0.001), less obese (p = 0.03), non-white (p < 0.001), and menopausal (p = 0.02). There was no difference in use of oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), smoking, or major cardiovascular disease. Cox Regression models showed that type 2 disease (p < 0.001) and advanced stage (p = 0.001) were associated with recurrence. Conclusions: Consistent with previous literature, our analysis found that type 2 cancer is more common in non-white, older, and less obese patients and associated with higher mortality and recurrence. However, inconsistent with previous literature, we found no association between type 2 cancer and diabetes mellitus or use of HRT. These factors should be considered when approaching patients with endometrial cancer.
Spontaneous Arm Movement Activity during Sleep in Epileptic and Non-Epileptic Patients
Authors: Schulz Hendrik , Ruan Jianghai , Seitz Rüdiger J. 
Published: January 2019

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> Epilepsy has a complex interaction with sleep. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between spontaneous arm movements and sleep architecture in patients with epilepsy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This prospective study included 53 patients with suspected epilepsy (44 ± 18 years; 30 females, 23 males) and 55 age-matched patients with non-epileptic seizures (42 ± 15: 27 females, 28 males). Twenty-four-hour-video-electroencephalography recordings were combined with accelerometry of movement activity of both arms using actiwatches. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients with suspected epilepsy showed a higher occurrence of epileptic discharges (<i>p</i> = 0.0001) and abnormal focal slowing (<i>p</i> = 0.027) in the electroencephalogram (EEG) than the patients with non-epileptic seizures. Also, the epilepsy patients showed a shorter rapid eye movement-sleep duration compared to controls (0.0001). Accelerometry revealed that the patients with epilepsy moved their dominant right arm more frequently during the night (<i>p</i> = 0.014) than the controls, although there was no difference in arm movement activity during day time. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The patients with reported epilepsy exhibited higher spontaneous arm movement activity during sleep. This may be related to abnormal sleep architecture or abnormal EEG activity but was not related to epileptic seizures.