bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal image analytics detects white matter hyperintensities in healthy adults
Authors: Lau Alexander Y. , Mok Vincent , Lee Jack , Fan Yuhua , Zeng Jinsheng , Lam Bonnie , Wong Adrian , Kwok Chloe , Lai Maria , Zee Benny 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated whether an automatic retinal image analysis (ARIA) incorporating machine learning approach can identify asymptomatic older adults harboring high burden of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) using MRI as gold standard.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we evaluated 180 community‐dwelling, stroke‐, and dementia‐free healthy subjects and performed ARIA by acquiring a nonmydriatic retinal fundus image. The primary outcome was the diagnostic performance of ARIA in detecting significant WMH on MRI brain, defined as age‐related white matter changes (ARWMC) grade ≥2. We analyzed both clinical variables and retinal characteristics using logistic regression analysis. We developed a machine learning network model with ARIA to estimate WMH and its classification.ResultsAll 180 subjects completed MRI and ARIA. The mean age was 70.3 ± 4.5 years, 70 (39%) were male. Risk factor profiles were: 106 (59%) hypertension, 31 (17%) diabetes, and 47 (26%) hyperlipidemia. Severe WMH (global ARWMC grade ≥2) was found in 56 (31%) subjects. The performance for detecting severe WMH with sensitivity (SN) 0.929 (95% CI from 0.819 to 0.977) and specificity (SP) 0.984 (95% CI from 0.937 to 0.997) was excellent. There was a good correlation between WMH volume (log‐transformed) obtained from MRI versus those estimated from retinal images using ARIA with a correlation coefficient of 0.897 (95% CI from 0.864 to 0.922).InterpretationWe developed a robust algorithm to automatically evaluate retinal fundus image that can identify subjects with high WMH burden. Further community‐based prospective studies should be performed for early screening of population at risk of cerebral small vessel disease.
Learning a second language by playing a game
Authors: James Kelsey K. , Mayer Richard E. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryGame‐like educational apps are intended to boost learner motivation leading to better learning outcomes. To test this idea about the value of gamification, college students (n = 64) learned Italian by playing the online language learning game, Duolingo at home for seven sessions, or learned the same material through watching an online slideshow for seven sessions. Although the groups did not differ significantly on achievement posttests, the Duolingo group rated their learning experience as significantly more enjoyable (d = 0.77), more appealing (d = 1.17), and less difficult (d = 0.51), and was significantly more willing to continue with similar learning experiences (d = 1.39). Overall, these results point to the motivational and affective benefits of Duolingo as a promising alternative to more traditional methods for students who may require additional motivation not to disengage from the material.
Biomimetic Surface with Tunable Frictional Anisotropy Enabled by Photothermogenesis‐Induced Supporting Layer Rigidity Variation
Authors: Ji Zhongying , Yan Changyou , Ma Shuanhong , Zhang Xiaoqin , Jia Xin , Wang Xiaolong , Zhou Feng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnisotropic friction of widespread biological surfaces with micro‐ and nanostructures oriented to supporting layer is proved to be crucial for the purpose of locomotion or transporting items in nature, which is therefore attracting extensive attention. Herein, variation of supporting layer rigidity induced dynamic control of anisotropic friction of biomimetic surface with structures oriented to supporting substrate is demonstrated. The biomimetic surface with oriented hook‐like spines microstructures embedded in polymeric substrate is fabricated by three‐dimensional (3D) printing followed by transfer reproduction. Incorporation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with excellent near‐infrared (NIR)/infrared (IR) photothermogenesis in the substrate results in its variable rigidity with light on/off, which achieves the tunable anisotropic friction performance of the biomimetic surface. A proof‐of‐concept device with the function of Velcro type strip is demonstrated to unsnap the fastener by remote NIR/IR light, revealing its promising for designing intelligent control devices. It is believed that this novel anisotropic friction controllable system with photothermogenesis‐induced supporting layer rigidity variation will provide wide and potential applications in various fields including sensors, robots, and other bionic devices.
Foldable and Biodegradable Energy‐Storage Devices on Copy Papers
Authors: Park Myung‐Joo , Lee Jang‐Sik 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFlexible and foldable electronic devices require flexible energy‐storage components. Electrochemical capacitors (ECs) could store charges without chemical reaction, have fast charging/discharging speed, and high power density. Carbon‐based materials such as activated carbon, single‐wall carbon nanotubes, and graphene have large ion‐reachable surface area and effective electronic transport passages, which enable capacitive behavior with high power density and energy density. An electric double‐layer capacitor made using pencil‐drawn electrodes on commercial copy papers is reported here. Pencil for electrodes is made with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with well‐connected structure. These AgNPs/rGO hybrid structures give high conductivity and reliable charging/discharging properties. The ECs are based on pencil‐drawn electrodes on copy papers and biopolymer electrolytes, so these can realize ultra‐low cost, foldable, and biodegradable energy sources for flexible and foldable electronic devices in the future.
Intermolecular Singlet Fission in Unsymmetrical Derivatives of Pentacene in Solution
Authors: Casillas Rubén , Adam Matthias , Coto Pedro B. , Waterloo Andreas R. , Zirzlmeier Johannes , Reddy Seelam Rajagopala , Hampel Frank , McDonald Robert , Tykwinski Rik R. , Thoss Michael , Guldi Dirk M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntermolecular singlet fission (SF) is an electronically coupled process between two chromophores, where distance dependences are decisive in terms of rates and yields. In the current work, a family of pentacene derivatives featuring different functional groups have been designed, synthesized, and probed with respect to intermolecular SF in the low, medium, and high concentration regimes rather than in the solid state. By means of advanced photophysical techniques, global analysis modeling, and ab initio calculations, a model for intermolecular SF is postulated. The model is based on an early key intermediate, which involves the diffusional encounter between one pentacene in its singlet excited‐state with another one in its ground state and which features excimer characteristics. This is followed by a transformation into a coupled triplet excited‐state. The role of the functional group appended to pentacene is analyzed with respect to steric shielding of the pentacene core as a means to prevent photophysical degradation, as well as control diffusional encounter and, subsequently, SF. The findings demonstrate the potential of new molecular materials for SF, especially in solution studies, as well as the challenges of implementing them in energy conversion schemes due to the appearance of photodegradation processes that compete with SF.
Elevated EGFL6 modulates cell metastasis and growth via AKT pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Ziyu , Ni Haosheng , You Bo , Shi Si , Shan Ying , Bao Lili , Duan Bingyue , You Yiwen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEpidermal growth factor‐like domain multiple 6 (EGFL6) is a secreted protein, regulates maintenance and metastasis of cancer cells. Nevertheless, how EGFL6 participates in the progression and tumorigenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. In our study, EGFL6 was detected highly expressed in 20 NPC tissues compared with normal tissues by IHC assay. Then, the level of EGFL6 in NPC serum and NPC cells was explored through enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blot, the results consistent with IHC. More interestingly, EGFL6 accelerated the migration and growth of NPC in vitro assays. Considering the mechanism of migration, NPC cells were cultured with AKT activator, revealing EGFL6 facilitated the progression of NPC via AKT. Moreover, the same effect of EGFL6 in promoting NPC growth was proved in nude mice. Furthermore, heat‐shock zebrafish model was established with EGFL6 overexpression. Then, CNE2 cells were injected into the model and cells mass was observed, showing that EGFL6 enhanced the migration and metastasis of NPC. Currently, as the prognosis of NPC is severely affected by distant metastasis, it might be a new therapeutic target toward EGFL6. Taken together, our results suggested that EGFL6 acts as a potential positive regulator in the migration and proliferation of NPC.
Bio‐Acrylates Production: Recent Catalytic Advances and Perspectives of the Use of Lactic Acid and Their Derivates
Authors: Makshina Ekaterina V. , Canadell Judit , van Krieken Jan , Peeters Elise , Dusselier Michiel , Sels Bert F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe production of drop‐in chemicals from bio‐based renewable sources is gaining a lot of momentum due to proven negative impact of fossil‐based economy on environment and society. In this Review, various bio‐derived platform molecules are assessed as renewable alternatives to fossil resources for the catalytic production of acrylates. Acrylic acid and its esters are key building blocks of a large number of high‐value oligomers and polymers in the current industry. In spite of the encouraging successes reported on gram or lab‐scale, real implementation of bio‐based examples remain scarce mainly due to the current high cost and limited availability of the bio‐based substrates. As lactic acid and their derivatives are one of the most promising feedstocks for bio‐acrylate production, they are the main focus of this Review.
Quantifying multiple ecosystem services for adaptive management of green infrastructure
Authors: Wong Christina P. , Jiang Bo , Kinzig Ann P. , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDemands for ecosystem service assessments are growing around the world. However, management applications remain limited in part because we lack measurements linking ecosystem characteristics (ecosystem structure and processes) to final ecosystem services. Policymakers need marginal values, changes in final ecosystem services (direct link to human welfare) relative to additional units of ecosystem characteristics (∆final ecosystem services/∆ecosystem characteristics) to assess tradeoffs. Progress, however, has been slow due to confusion on ecological production functions (EPFs) in ecology. Here, we apply a new interdisciplinary approach to craft EPFs to evaluate four ecosystem services using the Yongding River Green Ecological Corridor as our case study. The Yongding Corridor is Beijing's largest, most expensive green infrastructure project (~ $2.5 billion USD), constructed as a network of seven artificial lakes and wetlands. The Beijing Government wants the Yongding Corridor to improve four ecosystem services: (1) water storage, (2) local climate regulation, (3) water purification, and (4) aesthetics. We first worked with stakeholders to determine final ecosystem service levels and then used the Variable Infiltration Capacity model to estimate key ecosystem processes from the designed lakes and wetlands. We coupled the modeling with ecological field data and social surveys to create EPFs. We evaluated the ecosystem services by calculating shortfalls and then determined synergies and tradeoffs to identify actions for reducing shortfalls. We found the Yongding Corridor is meeting desired levels for aesthetics, but incurred shortfalls on the remaining services. To obtain the desired services, we recommend managers: (1) maintain inflow rates and/or make the lakes deeper to reduce water loss rates; (2) improve water quality—wetlands have high nutrient retention, but nutrient loads must be reduced; and (3) plant shade trees since evaporative cooling from the lakes and wetlands is having no measurable impact on human comfort. Results indicate the absence of ecosystem functions in landscape design led to shortfalls, but solutions require coupling green and built infrastructure to obtain multi‐functionality. Managers found marginal values useful for clarifying connections, which led to adaptive policy changes for improving green infrastructure.
Clinically indicated electrical stimulation strategies to treat patients with medically refractory epilepsy
Authors: Izadi Ali , Ondek Katelynn , Schedlbauer Amber , Keselman Inna , Shahlaie Kiarash , Gurkoff Gene 
Published: November 2018

SummaryFocal epilepsies represent approximately half of all diagnoses, and more than one‐third of these patients are refractory to pharmacologic treatment. Although resection can result in seizure freedom, many patients do not meet surgical criteria, as seizures may be multifocal in origin or have a focus in an eloquent region of the brain. For these individuals, several U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved electrical stimulation paradigms serve as alternative options, including vagus nerve stimulation, responsive neurostimulation, and stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. All of these are safe, flexible, and lead to progressive seizure control over time when used as an adjunctive therapy to antiepileptic drugs. Focal epilepsies frequently involve significant comorbidities such as cognitive decline. Similar to antiepilepsy medications and surgical resection, current stimulation targets and parameters have yet to address cognitive impairments directly, with patients reporting persistent comorbidities associated with focal epilepsy despite a significant reduction in the number of their seizures. Although low‐frequency theta oscillations of the septohippocampal network are critical for modulating cellular activity and, in turn, cognitive processing, the coordination of neural excitability is also imperative for preventing seizures. In this review, we summarize current FDA‐approved electrical stimulation paradigms and propose that theta oscillations of the medial septal nucleus represent a novel neuromodulation target for concurrent seizure reduction and cognitive improvement in epilepsy. Ultimately, further advancements in clinical neurostimulation strategies will allow for the efficient treatment of both seizures and comorbidities, thereby improving overall quality of life for patients with epilepsy.
Landscape permeability and individual variation in a dispersal-linked gene jointly determine genetic structure in the Glanville fritillary butterfly
Authors: DiLeo Michelle F. , Husby Arild , Saastamoinen Marjo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is now clear evidence that species across a broad range of taxa harbor extensive heritable variation in dispersal. While studies suggest that this variation can facilitate demographic outcomes such as range expansion and invasions, few have considered the consequences of intraspecific variation in dispersal for the maintenance and distribution of genetic variation across fragmented landscapes. Here, we examine how landscape characteristics and individual variation in dispersal combine to predict genetic structure using genomic and spatial data from the Glanville fritillary butterfly. We used linear and latent factor mixed models to identify the landscape features that best predict spatial sorting of alleles in the dispersal-related gene phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi). We next used structural equation modeling to test if variation in Pgi mediated gene flow as measured by Fst at putatively neutral loci. In a year when the population was recovering following a large decline, individuals with a genotype associated with greater dispersal ability were found at significantly higher frequencies in populations isolated by water and forest, and these populations showed lower levels of genetic differentiation at neutral loci. These relationships disappeared in the next year when metapopulation density was high, suggesting that the effects of individual variation are context dependent. Together our results highlight that (1) more complex aspects of landscape structure beyond just the configuration of habitat can be important for maintaining spatial variation in dispersal traits and (2) that individual variation in dispersal plays a key role in maintaining genetic variation across fragmented landscapes.
Morphology and topography of internal reproductive organs in the female cat during prenatal and postnatal development: Scanning electron microscope and three‐dimensional reconstruction study
Authors: Prozorowska Ewelina , Jackowiak Hanna , Skieresz‐Szewczyk Kinga 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe study describes the morphology and topography of internal reproductive organs in the domestic cat from the early prenatal period to maturity, using macroscopic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations with three‐dimensional (3D) reconstructions. Fifty‐seven female cat fetuses aged between the 27th and 63rd day postconception (p.c.), two newborn cats, three juveniles (3‐month‐old) cats, and three mature (12‐month‐old) cats were used in the study. The age of fetuses was determined on the basis of the growth curve for the domestic cat. The rudiments of cat ovaries develop on the ventral surface of the mesonephroi and within 30 days p.c. move to the sides of the abdominal cavity, which is similar to the position of the ovaries in the adult cat. The mesonephroi regress at about the 50th day p.c., when the residual mesonephric ducts are still found in the lower part of the body of the uterus. The paramesonephric ducts develop on the lateral surface of the mesonephroi and by the 45th day p.c., differentiate into the uterine tubes and the uterus. The arrangement of the paramesonephric ducts in the abdominal cavity changes from the U‐ to the V‐shaped system. The final topography of the uterine tubes is established between the 54th and 60th day p.c., as the uterine tubes become convoluted. Before the 54th day p.c., the uterine horns undergo rapid elongation and convolution, forming the W‐shaped system. By the third month of postnatal life, the uterine horns become straight, as in the adult cat.
Applications of solid‐phase micro‐extraction with mass spectrometry in pesticide analysis
Authors: Liang Dapeng , Liu Wenjie , Raza Rabia , Bai Yu , Liu Huwei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPesticides, widely applied in agriculture, can produce a variety of transformation products and their continuous use causes deleterious effects to ecosystem. Efficient and sensitive analytical techniques for enrichment and analysis of pesticides samples are highly required. Compared with other extraction methods, solid‐phase micro extraction is a solvent free, cost effective, robust, versatile, and high throughput sample preparation technique, especially for the analysis of pesticides from complicated matrices. Coupling of solid‐phase micro extraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry has been extensively applied in pesticide analysis. On the other hand, in recent years, combination of fast separation using solid‐phase micro extraction and rapid detection using ambient mass spectrometry is providing highly efficient pesticide screening. This article summarizes the applications of solid‐phase micro extraction coupled to mass spectrometry for pesticides analysis.
Are chronic cough and laryngopharyngeal reflux more common in obstructive sleep apnea patients?
Authors: Gouveia Christopher J. , Yalamanchili Amulya , Ghadersohi Saied , Price Caroline P. E. , Bove Michiel , Attarian Hrayr P. , Tan Bruce K. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess if there is a significant difference in the prevalence and severity of chronic cough symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients versus non‐OSA patients and examine this relationship in regard to laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsPatients referred to Northwestern Medicine Sleep Lab for home sleep testing were enrolled. Patients filled out the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) before completing sleep testing. Home sleep testing results were reviewed, and patients were separated into non‐OSA and OSA groups by standard Apnea‐Hypopnea Index (AHI) criteria. Demographic characteristics and questionnaire scores of the two groups were compared. The relationship between OSA severity, as determined by AHI, and LCQ and RSI scores was assessed.ResultsOf the 52 patients enrolled, 33 patients met criteria for OSA and 19 patients did not. Comparing patients without OSA versus those with OSA, there was a significant difference in mean LCQ score (129.9 vs. 120.0, respectively; P = .02), implying worse cough symptoms among OSA patients, and mean RSI score (3.2 vs. 11.2, respectively; P = .0013), implying worse upper‐airway reflux symptoms among OSA patients. There was a significant correlation between LCQ score and AHI (r = –0.39, P = .0061) and between RSI score and AHI (r = 0.37, P = .0078).ConclusionsOSA patients demonstrate worse chronic cough and LPR‐related quality of life versus non‐OSA patients. Furthermore, the severity of these quality‐of‐life measures was correlated with the severity of the AHI. Chronic cough and particularly the pharyngeal LPR symptoms may be associated with the presence and severity of OSA.Level of Evidence2 . Laryngoscope, 129:1244–1249, 2019
Weighted estimates for the multilinear maximal function on the upper half‐spaces
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhu Chunxiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFor a general dyadic grid, we give a Calderón–Zygmund type decomposition, which is the principle fact about the multilinear maximal function on the upper half‐spaces. Using the decomposition, we study the boundedness of . We obtain a natural extension to the multilinear setting of Muckenhoupt's weak‐type characterization. We also partially obtain characterizations of Muckenhoupt's strong‐type inequalities with one weight. Assuming the reverse Hölder's condition, we get a multilinear analogue of Sawyer's two weight theorem. Moreover, we also get Hytönen–Pérez type weighted estimates.
Autochthonous Bacillus licheniformis: Probiotic potential and survival ability in low‐fishmeal extruded pellet aquafeed
Authors: Niu Kai‐Min , Kothari Damini , Lee Woo‐Do , Lim Jeong‐Min , Khosravi Sanaz , Lee Sang‐Min , Lee Bong‐Joo , Kim Kang‐Woong , Han Hyon‐Sob , Kim Soo‐Ki 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn recent years, Bacillus spp. have garnered attention as probiotic supplements in aquafeed owing to the production of heat stable and low pH resistant spores. Herein, we isolated and characterized an autochthonous Bacillus licheniformis KCCM 43270 from the intestine of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) for supplementation in low‐fishmeal extruded aquafeeds. The KCCM 43270 was screened based on amylase, protease, cellulase, and lipase as well as non‐hemolytic activities. The isolate was able to grow in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xylan, and soybean meal (SBM) when used as a single carbon source in the minimal nutrient M9 medium. The KCCM 43270 spores displayed complete survival in acid (pH 2.5) and bile (0.3%, w/v) for 3 hr, strong biofilm formation, and nearly 50% adhesion with intestinal mucus. The spores of the isolate also showed significant survival ability at 80, 90, 100°C for 60, 30, and 1 min, respectively. In addition, the spores in a blend of SBM complex carrier showed significant heat stability at 120°C for 5 min and under different drying conditions. Furthermore, the spores also survived the extrusion process during low‐fishmeal aquafeed manufacturing, implying the potential application of B. licheniformis KCCM 43270 in aquafeed industry.