bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An examination of individual responses to ischemic preconditioning and the effect of repeated ischemic preconditioning on cycling performance
Authors: Slysz J.T. , Petrick H.L. , Marrow J.P. , Burr J.F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPurpose: To use repeated control trials to measure within‐subject variability and assess the existence of responders to ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Secondly, to determine whether repeated IPC can evoke a dosed ergogenic response. Methods: Twelve aerobically fit individuals each completed three control and three IPC 5‐km cycling time trials. IPC trials included: (i) IPC 15‐min preceding the trial (traditional IPC), (ii) IPC 24‐h and 15‐min preceding (IPC × 2), (iii) IPC 48‐h, 24‐h, and 15‐min preceding (IPC × 3). IPC consisted of 3 × 5‐min cycles of occlusion and reperfusion at the upper thighs. To assess the existence of a true response to IPC, individual performance following traditional IPC was compared to each individual's own 5‐km TT coefficient of variation. In individuals who responded to IPC, all three IPC conditions were compared to the mean of the three control trials (CONavg) to determine whether repeated IPC can evoke a dosed ergogenic response. Results: 9 of 12 (75%) participants improved 5‐km time (−1.8 ± 1.7%) following traditional IPC, however, only 7 of 12 (58%) improved greater than their own variability between repeated controls (true responders). In true responders only, we observed a significant mean improvement in 5‐km TT completion following traditional IPC (478 ± 50 s), IPC × 2 (481 ± 51 s), and IPC × 3 (480.5 ± 49 s) compared to mean CONavg (488 ± 51s; p < 0.006), with no differences between various IPC trials (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A majority of participants responded to IPC, providing support for a meaningful IPC‐mediated performance benefit. However, repeated bouts of IPC on consecutive days do not enhance the ergogenic effect of a single bout of IPC.
Influence of fused deposition modeling process parameters on the transformation of 4D printed morphing structures
Authors: Kačergis Lukas , Mitkus Rytis , Sinapius Michael 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
4D printing combines additive layer manufacturing processes with smart materials to create structures that are able to change shape or properties over time under the influence of environmental stimuli. The article presents 3D printed multi-material shape-variable structures imitating a hinge. Fused deposition modelling was used because it provides the ability to pre-program structures during the printing process by varying printing parameters. The structures are printed with PLA and TPU and remain flat after printing until they are exposed to a stimulus - heat. The main objective of this article is to present the possibilities of the aforementioned pre-programming step which can be adapted by varying the printing process and design parameters of the printed part. Experimental results are presented investigating the influence of printing speed, temperature of the build plate and number of active layers in the structure. Furthermore, the repeatability of deformations after a small number of cycles is investigated. The obtained results prove that the deformation of the structures can be controlled by printing parameters and a variety of bending degrees can be obtained by manipulating them. Hot water is used as a stimulus in the study to activate the structures but it is believed that other direct and indirect heating sources are also applicable. The research could help predict the behaviour of deformation of shape-morphing structures by selecting certain printing and design parameter values.
Gustatory cues to kinship among males moderate the productivity of females
Authors: Lymbery Samuel J , Simmons Leigh W 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMales of many species harm females as a byproduct of intrasexual competition, but this harm can be reduced if males are less competitive in the presence of familiar relatives. We determined the cue males use to identify competitors in this context. We assessed genetic variance in a putative kin recognition trait (cuticular hydrocarbons) in male seed beetles Callosobruchus maculatus and found that five hydrocarbons had significant components of additive genetic variance and could serve as relatedness cues. Next, we tested whether hydrocarbons were the mechanism males use to distinguish the social identities of competitors when strategically adjusting their competitiveness/harmfulness. Pairs of female and male C. maculatus were mated in the presence of hydrocarbons extracted from males that differed in their relatedness and familiarity to the focal male. Females were more productive after mating in the presence of extracts from the focal male’s nonrelatives, if those extracts were also unfamiliar to the focal male. Relatedness had no effect on productivity when extracts were familiar to the focal male. These results may be reconciled with those of previous studies that manipulated the relatedness and familiarity of competing males if the difference between the effect of harmfulness on productivity following a single mating and the effect on lifetime reproductive fitness after multiple matings is accounted for. This study provides a novel demonstration of the mechanism of social recognition in the moderation of sexual conflict.
On seismic ambient noise cross-correlation and surface-wave attenuation
Authors: Boschi Lapo , Magrini Fabrizio , Cammarano Fabio , van der Meijde Mark 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARY
We derive a theoretical relationship between the cross correlation of ambient Rayleigh waves (seismic ambient noise) and the attenuation parameter α associated with Rayleigh-wave propagation. In particular, we derive a mathematical expression for the multiplicative factor relating normalized cross correlation to the Rayleigh-wave Green’s function. Based on this expression, we formulate an inverse problem to determine α from cross correlations of recorded ambient signal. We conduct a preliminary application of our algorithm to a relatively small instrument array, conveniently deployed on an island. In our setup, the mentioned multiplicative factor has values of about 2.5–3, which, if neglected, could result in a significant underestimate of α. We find that our inferred values of α are reasonable, in comparison with independently obtained estimates found in the literature. Allowing α to vary with respect to frequency results in a reduction of misfit between observed and predicted cross correlations.
Maximum magnitude of subduction earthquakes along the Japan-Kuril-Kamchatka trench estimated from seismic moment conservation
Authors: Hirose Fuyuki , Maeda Kenji , Yoshida Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYWe estimated the maximum magnitude of earthquakes in the Japan-Kuril-Kamchatka trench subduction zone with a method based on the conservation of seismic moment and the record of interplate seismicity from 1977 to 2017. The key point of this method is to base calculations on the tectonic moment rate instead of the total seismic moment rate. We modeled a seismic-moment-frequency distribution for the Japan-Kuril-Kamchatka trench on the basis of the truncated Gutenberg–Richter (G–R) law, the formula published by Utsu in 1974, the gamma distribution, and the tapered G–R law. We estimated the maximum magnitude along the Japan-Kuril-Kamchatka trench as ∼10 under the truncated G–R law and ∼11 under Utsu's formula, although the latter may be an overestimate. Therefore, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, of moment magnitude 9.2, may not be the largest possible event in this area. The recurrence interval for magnitude 10 events based on the truncated G–R law is 4000 yr. Although these two models perform equally well in terms of Akaike Information Criterion, the range of the 95 per cent confidence level is consistently narrower for the truncated G–R law than for Utsu's formula. The estimated maximum magnitude depends not only on the model used, but also on the parameters that constitute the tectonic moment. It is essential to accumulate more seismic data and achieve more precise estimates of tectonic moment to improve estimates of maximum magnitude.
Postoperative liver dysfunction after total arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk implantation: incidence, risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Yang Lijing , Li Jun , Wang Guyan , Zhou Hui , Fang Zhongrong , Shi Sheng , Lei Guiyu , Zhang Congya , Chen Yimeng , Yang Xiying 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The authors aimed to clarify the incidence and risk factors of postoperative liver dysfunction (PLD) in patients undergoing total arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk implantation and to determine the association of PLD with short-term outcomes.

METHODS
Data from 672 adult patients undergoing total arch replacement with frozen elephant trunk from January 2013 until December 2016 at Fuwai Hospital were analysed retrospectively. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for PLD.

RESULTS
The overall incidence of PLD was 27.5%, which was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (PLD 4.9% vs No PLD 0.8%, P = 0.002) and 30-day mortality (PLD 9.2% vs No PLD 2.5%, P < 0.001) and a higher incidence of major adverse events (PLD 54.6% vs No PLD 23.4%, P < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, preoperative hypotension [odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–3.41; P = 0.02), coronary artery disease (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.17–5.96; P = 0.02), prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass duration (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.01; P < 0.001), increased preoperative alanine transferase (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00–1.01; P < 0.001), preoperative platelet count <100 × 109/l (OR 3.99, 95% CI 1.74–9.14; P = 0.001) and increased intraoperative erythrocyte transfusion (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.12; P = 0.02) were identified as independent risk factors for PLD.

CONCLUSIONS
PLD was associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Among the independent risk factors for PLD, cardiopulmonary bypass duration and erythrocyte transfusion could be modifiable. A skilled surgical team and an ideal blood protection strategy may be helpful to protect liver function.
Finite-Gap CMV Matrices: Periodic Coordinates and a Magic Formula
Authors: Christiansen Jacob S , Eichinger Benjamin , VandenBoom Tom 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe prove a bijective unitary correspondence between (1) the isospectral torus of almost-periodic, absolutely continuous CMV matrices having fixed finite-gap spectrum ${\textsf{E}}$ and (2) special periodic block-CMV matrices satisfying a Magic Formula. This latter class arises as ${\textsf{E}}$-dependent operator Möbius transforms of certain generating CMV matrices that are periodic up to a rotational phase; for this reason we call them “MCMV.” Such matrices are related to a choice of orthogonal rational functions on the unit circle, and their correspondence to the isospectral torus follows from a functional model in analog to that of GMP matrices. As a corollary of our construction we resolve a conjecture of Simon; namely, that Caratheodory functions associated to such CMV matrices arise as quadratic irrationalities.
Socioeconomic status and education level are associated with dyslipidemia in adults not taking lipid-lowering medication: a population-based study
Authors: Espírito Santo Luçandra R , Faria Thaís O , Silva Carla Silvana O , Xavier Lorena A , Reis Vivianne C , Mota Gabriel A , Silveira Marise F , Mill José Geraldo , Baldo Marcelo P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Socio-economic disparities account for changes in the lipid profile in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the association between blood lipids and socio-economic and educational strata in adults not taking lipid-lowering medications.

Methods
A cross-sectional, population-based study enrolled 1614 individuals not taking lipid-lowering medications. Sociodemographic characteristics, monthly income, education level and the number of consumer goods available at home were obtained and individuals were classified into five socio-economic categories. Blood lipids were obtained in fasting participants.

Results
In men, the higher the socio-economic or educational stratum, the higher the total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels and the lower the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), after controlling for age, body mass index, hypertension, smoking habit and physical activity. In women, the higher socio-economic strata were associated with elevated total cholesterol and HDL-c, while lower total cholesterol, LDL-c and TG levels were found in those with higher education levels. Also, individuals in the upper socio-economic strata had higher levels of total cholesterol and LDL-c, showing more than two times higher odds of having multiple alterations in blood lipids (men: OR 2.99 [95% CI 1.23 to 5.07]; women: OR 2.31 [95% CI 1.09 to 5.83]).

Conclusions
Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in developing countries. Individuals in the highest socio-economic category are the ones at higher risk for dyslipidemia. This phenomenon calls for strategies to stimulate healthy diet habits and a physically active lifestyle to minimize health problems.
Effects of different emulsifiers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in weanling pigs1
Authors: Bai Guangdong , He Wei , Yang Zheng , Fu Huiyang , Qiu Shengnan , Gao Feng , Shi Baoming 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diets supplemented with sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL), polyglycerol fatty acid ester (PGFE), and combined emulsifiers (0.02% SSL and 0.08% PGFE) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and plasma lipid profiles in weaned piglets and to further evaluate the possible effects of feeding exogenous emulsifiers on digestive enzyme activities and liver bile acid (BA) metabolism. Twenty-eight barrows (age at 35 d, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial BW of 10.13 ± 0.16 kg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatment groups (7 pigs/treatment). Dietary treatment groups included the following: 1) basal diet (Control, CTR); 2) basal diet with 0.1% SSL (SSL); 3) basal diet with 0.1% PGFE (PGFE); and 4) basal diet with 0.08% PGFE+0.02% SSL (PG-SL). SSL diet increased ADG and ADFI of piglets during day 0 to 17 (P < 0.05) compared with the CTR treatment. Piglets fed emulsifier diets experienced a significant improvement in the digestibility of nutrients (DM, CP, ether extract, energy, calcium, and phosphorus) during the first 17 d (P < 0.05). The level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was lower in the PGFE and PG-SL treatment groups than in the CTR treatment group (P < 0.05). Feeding emulsifier diets increased the lipase activity of the pancreas when compared with the CTR diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, the emulsifier diets significantly increased the mRNA expression of FXR (P < 0.05) and decreased the mRNA expression of CYP27A1 (P < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, the addition of emulsifiers improved nutrient digestibility and increased the mRNA expression of FXR BA receptors while inhibiting the mRNA expression of BA biosynthesis by CYP27A1 in weanling piglets.
‘We Want Experts’: Fracking and the Case of Expert Excess
Authors: Hawkins Joanne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The assumption that the democratisation of environmental law is central to ensuring the legitimacy of decisions permeates the literature. Using an empirically grounded counter narrative, this article confronts and contests that assumption. It argues that in the context of shale gas/fracking, public understanding positions expertise not as an obstacle to legitimacy, but rather as a foundational factor. This involves a role in which experts fulfil a publicly delegated role, the delineation of which warrants a form of participation that repositions its purpose and value. However, this conceptualisation of an expert’s role, and the type of participation required, demonstrates a fundamental public misunderstanding about what experts can deliver: ‘expert excess’. This article argues that we, as scholars, need to reflect upon: (1) the weight given to empirical perceptions of legitimacy and participation when developing theoretical models; (2) why there is such a misconception around what experts can deliver in decision-making.
Imagining the World Otherwise: Jean-Luc Nancy and John Caputo on the Poetics of Creation
Authors: Deketelaere Nikolaas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article compares Jean-Luc Nancy and John Caputo’s poetics of creation. Against the horizon of the death of God (or ‘de-theologisation’), the issue of the world emerges for both, simultaneously reinforcing the need to think the event of its creation in an elaboration of Christianity’s self-deconstruction. The article argues that, even though they differ in how they articulate their respective understandings of the event and of creation, they nevertheless accomplish a similar result: a thinking of the world in terms of the ‘anarchy of creation’, or the groundlessness associated with the event in which the world exists. Subsequently, it shows how both Nancy and Caputo suggest that the creative event in which both the world and God exist can only be brought to words poetically—in a discourse on the creative forms in which this event takes shape or is made sense of—and follows Caputo in his conclusion that this means that theology must become theopoetics: a consideration of how the creative imagination allows us to do the im-possible, to see that possibility does not coincide with actuality, to imagine the world otherwise, as the kingdom that is coming.
Using negative-latency gravitational wave alerts to detect prompt radio bursts from binary neutron star mergers with the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: James Clancy W , Anderson Gemma E , Wen Linqing , Bosveld Joel , Chu Qi , Kovalam Manoj , Slaven-Blair Teresa J , Williams Andrew 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
We examine how fast radio burst (FRB)-like signals predicted to be generated during the merger of a binary neutron star (BNS) may be detected in low-frequency radio observations triggered by the aLIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave detectors. The rapidity, directional accuracy, and sensitivity of follow-up observations with the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) are considered. We show that with current methodology, the rapidity criterion fails for triggered MWA observations above 136 MHz for BNS mergers within the aLIGO/Virgo horizon, for which little dispersive delay is expected. A calculation of the expected reduction in response time by triggering on ‘negative latency’ alerts from aLIGO/Virgo observations of gravitational waves generated by the BNS inspiral is presented. This allows for observations up to 300 MHz where the radio signal is expected to be stronger. To compensate for the poor positional accuracy expected from these alerts, we propose a new MWA observational mode that is capable of viewing one-quarter of the sky. We show the sensitivity of this mode is sufficient to detect an FRB-like burst from an event similar to GW 170817 if it occurred during the ongoing aLIGO/Virgo third science run (O3).
Mycoprotein as a possible alternative source of dietary protein to support muscle and metabolic health
Authors: Coelho Mariana O C , Monteyne Alistair J , Dunlop Mandy V , Harris Hannah C , Morrison Douglas J , Stephens Francis B , Wall Benjamin T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The world’s population is expanding, leading to an increased global requirement for dietary protein to support health and adaptation in various populations. Though a strong evidence base supports the nutritional value of animal-derived dietary proteins, mounting challenges associated with sustainability of these proteins have led to calls for the investigation of alternative, non–animal-derived dietary protein sources. Mycoprotein is a sustainably produced, protein-rich, high-fiber, whole food source derived from the fermentation of fungus. Initial investigations in humans demonstrated that mycoprotein consumption can lower circulating cholesterol concentrations. Recent data also report improved acute postprandial glycemic control and a potent satiety effect following mycoprotein ingestion. It is possible that these beneficial effects are attributable to the amount and type of dietary fiber present in mycoprotein. Emerging data suggest that the amino acid composition and bioavailability of mycoprotein may also position it as a promising dietary protein source to support skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Mycoprotein may be a viable dietary protein source to promote training adaptations in athletes and the maintenance of muscle mass to support healthy aging. Herein, current evidence underlying the metabolic effects of mycoprotein is reviewed, and the key questions to be addressed are highlighted.
Impediments to Financial Trade: Theory and Applications
Authors: Gârleanu Nicolae , Panageas Stavros , Yu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We propose a tractable model of an informationally inefficient market featuring nonrevealing prices, general preferences and payoff distributions, but not noise traders. We show the equivalence between our model and a substantially simpler one in which investors face distortionary investment taxes depending on both their identity and the asset class. This equivalence allows us to account for such phenomena as underdiversification. We further employ the model to assess approaches to performance evaluation and find that it provides a theoretical basis for some intuitive practices, such as style analysis, that have been adopted by finance professionals.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
ATP emerged to induce protein folding, inhibit aggregation and increase stability
Authors: Kang Jian , Lim Liangzhong , Song Jianxing 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBy NMR characterization of effects of ATP and related molecules on the folding and dynamics of the ALS-causing C71G-PFN1 and nascent hSOD1, we reveal for the first time that ATP has a general capacity in inducing protein folding with the highest efficiency known so far. This capacity was further identified to result from triphosphate, a key intermediate in prebiotic chemistry, which, however, can severely trigger protein aggregation. Remarkably, by joining adenosine and triphosphate together, ATP integrates three abilities to simultaneously induce protein folding, inhibit aggregation and increase thermodynamic stability. Our study implies that the emergence of ATP might represent an irreplaceable step essential for the Origin of Life, and decrypts a principle for engineering small molecules with three functions to treat aggregation-associated ageing and diseases.One sentence summaryBy joining adenosine and triphosphate, ATP integrates three abilities to control protein homeostasis for the Origin of Life.