bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predator-induced selection on urchin activity level depends on urchin body size
Authors: Pretorius Justin , Lichtenstein James L.L. , Eliason Erika J. , Stier Adrian C. , Pruitt Jonathan N. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTTemporally consistent individual differences in behavior impact many ecological processes. We simultaneously examined the effects of individual variation in prey activity level, covering behavior, and body size on prey survival with predators using an urchin-lobster system. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that slow-moving purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and urchins who deploy extensive substrate (pebbles and stones) covering behavior will out-survive active urchins that deploy little to no covering behavior when pitted against a predator, the California spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus). We evaluated this hypothesis by first confirming whether individual urchins exhibit temporally consistent differences in activity level and covering behavior, which they did. Next, we placed groups of four urchins in mesocosms with single lobster and monitored urchin survival for 108 hours. High activity level was negatively associated with survival, whereas urchin size and covering behavior independently did not influence survival. The negative effect of urchin activity level on urchin survival was strong for smaller urchins and weaker for large urchins. Taken together, these results suggest that purple urchin activity level and size jointly determine their susceptibility to predation by lobsters. This is potentially of great interest, because predation by recovering lobster populations could alter the stability of kelp forests by culling specific phenotypes, like foraging phenotypes, from urchin populations.
Automated Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Grade Classification with Prognostic Significance
Authors: Tian Katherine , Rubadue Christopher A. , Lin Douglas I. , Veta Mitko , Pyle Michael E. , Irshad Humayun , Heng Yujing J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe developed an automated 2-tiered Fuhrman’s grading system for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Whole slide images (WSI) and clinical data were retrieved for 395 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) ccRCC cases. Pathologist 1 reviewed and selected regions of interests (ROIs). Nuclear segmentation was performed. Quantitative morphological, intensity, and texture features (n=72) were extracted. Features associated with grade were identified by constructing a Lasso model using data from cases with concordant 2-tiered Fuhrman’s grades between TCGA and Pathologist 1 (training set n=235; held-out test set n=42). Discordant cases (n=118) were additionally reviewed by Pathologist 2. Cox proportional hazard model evaluated the prognostic efficacy of the predicted grades in an extended test set which was created by combining the test set and discordant cases (n=160). The Lasso model consisted of 26 features and predicted grade with 84.6% sensitivity and 81.3% specificity in the test set. In the extended test set, predicted grade was significantly associated with overall survival after adjusting for age and gender (Hazard Ratio 2.05; 95% CI 1.21-3.47); manual grades were not prognostic. Future work can adapt our computational system to predict WHO/ISUP grades, and validating this system on other ccRCC cohorts.
Sex-Biased Trajectories of Amygdalo-Hippocampal Morphology Change Over Human Development
Authors: Fish Ari M. , Nadig Ajay , Seidlitz Jakob , Reardon Paul K. , Mankiw Catherine , McDermott Cassidy L. , Blumenthal Jonathan D. , Clasen Liv S. , Lalonde Francois , Lerch Jason P. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Shinohara Russell T. , Raznahan Armin 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe amygdala and hippocampus are two adjacent allocortical structures implicated in sex-biased and developmentally-emergent psychopathology. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of amygdalo-hippocampal development remain poorly understood in healthy humans. The current study defined trajectories of volume and shape change for the amygdala and hippocampus by applying a multi-atlas segmentation pipeline (MAGeT-Brain) and semi-parametric mixed-effects spline modeling to 1,529 longitudinally-acquired structural MRI brain scans from a large, single-center cohort of 792 youth (403 males, 389 females) between the ages of 5 and 25 years old. We found that amygdala and hippocampus volumes both follow curvilinear and sexually dimorphic growth trajectories. These sex-biases were particularly striking in the amygdala: males showed a significantly later and slower adolescent deceleration in volume expansion (at age 20 years) than females (age 13 years). Shape analysis localized significant hot-spots of sex-biased anatomical development in sub-regional territories overlying rostral and caudal extremes of the CA1/2 in the hippocampus, and the centromedial nuclear group of the amygdala. In both sexes, principal components analysis revealed close integration of amygdala and hippocampus shape change along two main topographically-organized axes – low vs. high areal expansion, and early vs. late growth deceleration. These results bring greater resolution to our spatiotemporal understanding of amygdalo-hippocampal development in healthy males and females and discover focal sex-differences in the structural maturation of the brain components that may contribute to differences in behavior and psychopathology that emerge during adolescence.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe amygdala and hippocampus are implicated in several developmentally-dynamic and sex-biased psychiatric disorders, but the spatiotemporal organization and sex-biased patterning of amygdalo-hippocampal maturation remains unclear in humans. Here, by integrating new methods for analysis of longitudinal neuroimaging data, we resolve the developmental milestones and spatial gradients that organize human amygdalo-hippocampal maturation. Each structure’s volume follows a tri-phasic, curvilinear growth trajectory which - for the amygdala - shows rapid male-female size divergence in mid-adolescence through delayed growth deceleration in males. Spatially fine-grained shape analyses localize these sex differences, and further reveal highly orchestrated shape changes across the amygdala and hippocampus that are organized by two topographical gradients. These data provide a new framework for understanding amygdalo-hippocampal organization in human development.
MinION Sequencing of colorectal cancer tumour microbiomes – a comparison with amplicon-based and RNA-Sequencing
Authors: Taylor William S , Pearson John , Miller Allison , Schmeier Sebastian , Frizelle Frank A , Purcell Rachel V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecent evidence suggests a role for the gut microbiome in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. In this study we compare MinION sequencing with meta-transcriptomics and amplicon-based sequencing for microbiome analysis of colorectal tumour tissue samples. DNA and RNA were extracted from 11 colorectal tumour samples. RNA-Sequencing, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and MinION genomic sequencing was carried out and resulting data used as input for taxonomic classification using Kraken2. Taxonomic concordance between the three platforms at different taxonomic levels was tested on a per sample basis. The average number of reads per sample using RNA-Sequencing was more than 129 times that generated using MinION sequencing. However, the average read length of MinION sequences was more than 13 times that of RNA or 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. 16S sequencing was less informative beyond the genus level, and both RNA-Sequencing and MinION sequencing could detect more phyla and genera in the same samples, compared to 16S sequencing. Long-read sequences generated using MinION sequencing can compensate for low numbers of reads for bacterial classification. MinION sequencing can discriminate between bacterial strains and plasmids and shows potential as a tool for microbiome sequencing of colorectal cancers in a clinical setting.
Fentanyl depression of respiration: comparison with heroin and morphine
Authors: Hill Rob , Santhakumar Rakulan , Dewey William , Kelly Eamonn , Henderson Graeme 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeFentanyl overdose deaths have reached ‘epidemic’ levels in North America. Death in opioid overdose invariably results from respiratory depression. In the present work we have characterized how fentanyl depresses respiration and by comparing fentanyl with heroin and morphine, the active breakdown product of heroin, we have sought to determine whether there are factors, in addition to high potency, that contribute to the lethality of fentanyl.Experimental ApproachRespiration (rate and tidal volume) was measured in awake, freely moving mice by whole body plethysmographyKey ResultsIntravenously administered fentanyl produced more rapid depression of respiration than equipotent doses of heroin or morphine. Fentanyl depressed both respiratory rate and tidal volume, the effect on tidal volume may reflect increased respiratory muscle stiffness. Fentanyl did not depress respiration in μ opioid receptor knock-out mice. Naloxone, the opioid antagonist widely used to treat opioid overdose, reversed the depression of respiration by morphine more readily than that by fentanyl whereas diprenorphine, a more lipophilic antagonist, was equipotent in reversing fentanyl and morphine depression of respiration. Prolonged treatment with morphine induced tolerance to respiratory depression but the degree of cross tolerance to fentanyl was less than the tolerance to morphine itself.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe propose that several factors (potency, rate of onset, muscle stiffness, lowered sensitivity to naloxone and lowered cross tolerance to morphine) combine to make fentanyl more likely to cause opioid overdose deaths than other commonly abused opioids.
DrosophilaTrpm mediates calcium influx during egg activation
Authors: Hu Qinan , Wolfner Mariana F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEgg activation is the process in which mature oocytes are released from developmental arrest and gain competency for embryonic development. InDrosophilaand other arthropods, eggs are activated by mechanical pressure in the female reproductive tract, whereas in most other species, eggs are activated by fertilization. Despite the difference in the trigger,Drosophilashares many conserved features with higher vertebrates in egg activation, including a rise of intracellular calcium in response to the trigger. InDrosophila, this calcium rise is initiated by entry of extracellular calcium due to opening of mechanosensitive ion channels and initiates a wave that passes across the egg prior to initiation of downstream activation events. Here, we combined inhibitor tests, germline specific RNAi knockdown, and germline specific CRISPR/Cas9 knockout to identify the Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel subfamily M (Trpm) as a critical channel that mediates the calcium influx and initiates the calcium wave duringDrosophilaegg activation. We observed reduced egg hatchability intrpmgermline knockout mutant females, although eggs were able to complete some egg activation events including cell cycle resumption. Since the mouse Trpm ortholog was recently reported also to be involved in calcium influx during egg activation and in further embryonic development our results suggest that calcium uptake from the environment via TRPM channels is a deeply conserved aspect of egg activation.SignificanceA rise in intracellular free calcium is a conserved feature of the egg-to-embryo transition in almost all animals. InDrosophila, as in vertebrates, the rise starts at one end of the egg, and then travels across the egg in a wave. TheDrosophilacalcium rise is mediated by an influx of calcium, due to the action of mechanically-gated ion channels. Here we identify the ion channel that is critical for the calcium entry as TRPM. TRPM is the ortholog of the channel recently shown to mediate the post-fertilization calcium influxes needed to sustain calcium oscillations in fertilized mouse eggs, suggesting a deep homology – despite species differences in the trigger for egg activation.
Piezoresistive effect in embedded thick-film resistors
Authors: Borecki Janusz , Araźna Aneta , Janeczek Kamil , Kalenik Jerzy , Kalenik Michał , Stęplewski Wojciech , Tarakowski Rafał 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Nowadays, using of material properties for monitoring of phenomena occurring in the surrounding environment is very desirable. Taking into account the dynamic development of Internet of Things and the technological development of printed electronics, research into the using of printed electronic components for sensor applications can be one of the most prominent directions of searching for new innovative solutions. Among others, it is possible to apply them to produce the strain gauges, as well as for construction of advanced sensors for medical applications. The goal of this paper is to present the possibilities and using different constructions of embedded polymer thick-film resistors as the sensors of tension or strain.

Design/methodology/approach
The investigations were based on the polymer thick-film resistors made of carbon or carbon–silver inks printed on copper pads made on FR-4 material on two sides. The longitudinal samples laminated with resin-coated copper foil material and without lamination were bent on a strength machine. During the tests, the resistors depending on their placement were stretched or compressed. Some of the samples were also tested under high pressure. Under the influence of applied stresses, there was a reversible change in electrical resistance, which was monitored.

Findings
The study showed that the polymer thick-film resistors are characterized by a measurable piezoresistive effect. By analyzing the value of the observed resistance changes, a magnitude of strain or pressure can be worked out. During the bending, the piezoresistive effect depends on the location and orientation of the resistor. After stopping of the mechanical strains, the electrical resistance of the resistive elements does not return exactly to the initial value. This is probably related to the substrate material and the resistive paste composition. The results are very promising and further research will be done.

Originality/value
The results provided information about the piezoresistive effect of polymer thick-film resistors printed on the deformable substrate which could be interesting for engineers involved in printed sensor development dedicated for different fields of application. This phenomenon can be used to manufacturing cheap and uncomplicated sensors to monitor deformation. There are several aspects to be solved, but with the use of new types of resistive pastes and substrates, there is a potential possibility of using such resistors as sensors.
Work matters: formerly incarcerated men’s resiliency in reentry
Authors: Palmer Catrina , Christian Johnna 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how formerly incarcerated men remained resilient in the face of adversity while searching for and maintaining employment.

Design/methodology/approach
Grounded theory analysis is used to answer the following research questions: What challenges do formerly incarcerated men encounter in finding and maintaining employment? What strategies do they devise in the face of these barriers? The research entailed 24 face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews at a Reentry Center in a northeastern state between February 2016 and July 2017.

Findings
The authors present a model of resiliency in the job-seeking and maintaining process. It illustrates the non-linear and complex nature of employment experiences, in which men encountered cycles of anxiety and pressure, and yet also devised resilience strategies fostering growth and adaptation. These processes required adept management of adversities such as involvement with the criminal justice system and the attending social stigma. Shifting mental and behavioral frameworks, adapting and refining expectations for work and adopting a future orientation were essential for participants’ growth. Finally, findings revealed participants’ resiliency strategies were bolstered by pro-social outcomes.

Originality/value
The challenges and barriers to employment for formerly incarcerated men are well documented, but less is known about the processes men employ in order to gain legitimate employment. This paper explores an understudied area of the criminal justice and employment literature – how men demonstrate agency and tenacity in the reintegration process, specifically related to seeking and maintaining work.
Nonlinear analysis of convective-radiative longitudinal fin of various profiles
Authors: Vyas Prashant Dineshbhai , Thakur Harish C. , Darji Veera P. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to study nonlinear heat transfer through a longitudinal fin of three different profiles.

Design/methodology/approach
A truly meshfree method is used to undertake a nonlinear analysis to predict temperature distribution and heat-transfer rate.

Findings
A longitudinal fin of three different profiles, such as rectangular, triangular and concave parabolic, are analyzed. Temperature variation, along with the fin length and rate of heat transfer in steady state, under convective and convective-radiative environments has been demonstrated and explained. Moving least square (MLS) approximants are used to approximate the unknown function of temperature T(x) with Th(x). Essential boundary conditions are imposed using the penalty method. An iterative predictor–corrector scheme is used to handle nonlinearity.

Research limitations/implications
Modelling fin in a convective-radiative environment removes the assumption of no radiation condition. It also allows to vary convective heat-transfer coefficient and predict the closer values to the real problems for the corresponding fin surfaces.

Originality/value
The meshless local Petrov–Galerkin method can solve nonlinear fin problems and predict an accurate solution.
Greetings from Emily! The effects of personalized greeting cards on tipping of hotel room attendants
Authors: Shih I-Hsuan , Jai Tun-Min (Catherine) , Chen Hsiangting Shatina , Blum Shane 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
In hotels, room attendants are often invisible to hotel guests. This study aims to understand how customers would increase their voluntary tips when there was less or no personal interaction and communication between customers and service providers. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to investigate whether providing different greeting cards in hotel rooms would affect hotel guest tipping behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
A field study was conducted in an upscale independent hotel. Four types of greeting cards through two personalized factors, perceived effort and personalization, were placed in the hotel rooms. The tipping amount for each room-night was recorded during the data collection.

Findings
There were 3,285 room-nights tip records collected in this study. The results indicated that non-personalized housekeeping greeting cards did not increase the likelihood of guests to tip, but they may increase the average tipping amount; the personalization of greeting cards from room attendants had positive effects on guest tipping behavior; the hand-written greeting card and name-introduction greeting card were predictors that can significantly increase the likelihood of hotel guests to tip.

Research limitations/implications
The empirical research results support social presence theory. With more consistent tipping in hotel rooms, attendants may be able to predict tips through their job performance; thus, creating a win-win in the lodging industry.

Originality/value
This study contributes to understanding guest-tipping behavior in the hotel rooms.
Cognitive antecedents and affective consequences of customers’ self-concept in brand management
Authors: Ahn Jiseon 
Published: June 2019

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the antecedents and consequences of customers’ actual and ideal self-congruence in the tourism and hospitality context. This research analyzes playfulness (e.g. creative- and enjoyment-based), self-congruence (e.g. actual and ideal self-congruence) and passion (e.g. harmonious and obsessive).Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 350 integrated resort customers in the USA, and the hypotheses were examined using partial least square-structural equation modeling.FindingsFindings suggest that creative-based playfulness significantly and positively influences the different types of customers’ self-congruence. Moreover, a fit between integrated resort brand and customers’ actual and ideal self leads to their harmonious and obsessive passion toward integrated resort brand.Research limitations/implicationsIn the integrated resort setting, customers’ attitude toward innovation served as the antecedent of self-congruence and passion. The proposed model can be used to other sectors, such as hotels, restaurants and casinos.Practical implicationsThe present study contributes to integrated resort service providers through the provision of several insights into how they can manage integrated resort brands.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the service research and extends previous studies in several important ways. Although previous studies have focused on analyzing the effect of the playfulness of product on customers’ behavior, the current study moves a step further by assessing its relationship with dual types of image congruence and passion in the tourism and hospitality setting.
How small things affect the big picture?
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Li Chunxiao , McCabe Scott , Xu Hong 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
By adopting retrospective evaluation theories, this study aims to explain how innovations provided by separate suppliers in the tourism value chain influence tourist’s perceived value of the overall experience and further uncover which innovative product attributes are more effective in improving tourist perceptions of the overall value.

Design/methodology/approach
A survey yielded 584 valid responses from tourists who had experienced specific tourist product innovations during their travels. Structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed theoretical model.

Findings
The results reveal that tourists evaluate overall travelling experience value either by recalling an intense, impressive moment (i.e. a heuristic approach) or through an evaluation of the overall utility gained from the whole trip (i.e. a normative approach). Furthermore, innovations that are perceived as increasing convenience and enabling learning contribute to tourists’ overall value perception through both normative and heuristic approaches, while immersion resulting from innovation only contributes to overall perceived value through the heuristic approach.

Practical implications
Given the complex service ecosystem of tourism destinations, each tourism service provider should consider how innovations contribute to the experience of the whole trip and which attributes of innovations increase tourists’ overall perceived experience value.

Originality/value
This study complements existing knowledge by revealing the relationship between product innovation in tourism sectors and tourists’ perceived value of the whole trip. Moreover, it offers a theoretical framework for further investigation into service product innovation in hospitality and tourism industry.