bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qui fixe la norme ? Le genre dans l’institutionnalisation d’une pratique sportive
Authors: Allamano-Kessler Renaud , Mione Anne 
Published: September 2018

Dans cette contribution, nous analysons l’institutionnalisation du skateboard au prisme du genre. L’institutionnalisation correspond à l’émergence de règles admises, de figures reconnues et de pratiques généralisées qui définissent l’activité. L’officialisation en tant que sport olympique pour les Jeux de 2020 constitue à nos yeux un résultat emblématique de ce processus et nous le considérons en analysant systématiquement l’émergence et l’institutionnalisation de figures, de lieux et de styles nouveaux. Ce processus est étudié relativement au sexe des pratiquants : nous observons qui crée la norme et quel est l’impact des nouvelles normes sur l’aspect sexué des pratiquants. Une perspective historique longue et l’examen approfondi des sites, blogs, vlogs a permis d’identifier plusieurs phases de mixité ou non-mixité des pratiquants. Nous analysons les vecteurs de cette évolution. Certains sont spontanés, d’autres volontairement conçus pour ramener la diversité. Nous soulignons que la re-féminisation passe par la non-mixité des compétitions. CODES JEL : M
Les trajectoires du salafisme politique au Sahel. Le cas du Niger
Authors: Idrissa Rahmane 
Published: September 2018

Au-delà de la violence du terrorisme et du djihadisme qui caractérisent certaines parties du Sahel, la région tout entière est confrontée à ce que nous désignons ici comme « la question de l’islam », c’est-à-dire les rapports tendus entre un État basé sur des principes démocratiques et séculiers, et une société où l’hégémonie culturelle de l’islam s’est affirmée, en particulier depuis les années 1990. Cette tension, soutient l’article, a servi de terreau propice à l’émergence d’une idéologie politique particulière, le salafisme politique. L’article illustre cette évolution en se servant du cas du Niger, pays central du Sahel qui paraît relativement épargné par la violence qui frappe ses voisins, mais dans lequel le salafisme politique a marqué des points contre son ennemi idéologique, le sécularisme. L’article montre également que les succès salafistes sont tempérés par les conditions – historiques, sociologiques, économiques – propres à ce contexte sahélien.
« N’oubliez jamais que vous parlez à un avocat ». État, justice et économie de l’intermédiation judiciaire à Cotonou
Authors: Andreetta Sophie 
Published: September 2018

La question des professionnels du droit sur le continent africain, et plus particulièrement des avocats, est rarement abordée par les chercheurs en sciences sociales. S’inspirant de l’ethnographie des administrations publiques en Afrique, de la sociologie des professions et de la socio-anthropologie du droit anglo-saxonne, cet article propose d’aborder le parcours professionnel et les pratiques des avocats de Cotonou. Sur la base d’entretiens biographiques et d’observations, il analyse la manière dont le barreau s’est construit, l’influence des réformes de la justice et des politiques d’accès à la profession sur le statut social des avocats et leurs relations avec leurs clients au quotidien. Ces éléments permettront de réfléchir au rôle des professions libérales dans le fonctionnement des services publics en Afrique, aux logiques qui sous-tendent leurs relations avec les usagers et à leurs conséquences sur la manière dont la justice est non seulement perçue, mais aussi « produite » au quotidien.
Devenir coach : un processus émancipatoire ? Une étude des récits de vie de huit coachs externes en appui sur Foucault
Authors: Moreau Fabien 
Published: September 2018

Devenir coach représente-t-il un processus émancipatoire ? Correspondant à une bifurcation professionnelle de milieu de vie, les cadres optant pour ce métier quittent un dispositif de carrière pour un autre, celui du coaching. Dans cet article, nous nous appuyons sur les travaux de Foucault et une revue de littérature sur le coaching pour éclairer et approfondir notre question de recherche. Le coaching présente une possibilité subversive et de détournement des techniques de soi à leurs propres fins. Ainsi, le travail réflexif du coaching pourrait favoriser une subjectivation correspondant à une microémancipation, c’est-à-dire à une démarche de libération progressive et partielle vers un rapport à soi plus authentique. Nous situant dans une approche exploratoire, nous avons collecté les récits de vie de 8 managers devenus coachs externes. Nos résultats mettent en évidence une tension entre la promesse émancipatoire du coaching et le dispositif de pouvoir qu’il représente potentiellement. Une ambivalence vis-à-vis du management ressort des entretiens entre une critique des pratiques en entreprise, à l’origine du changement de carrière des coachs de l’étude, et leur approche humaniste de la performance. En discussion, après avoir analysé les limites et les apports de la perspective foucaldienne du pouvoir à l’étude des changements de carrière professionnelle, nous questionnons le caractère partiel et risqué de la promesse émancipatoire du coaching.
WTF Is Laughter to Mark Twain?
Authors: Hughes Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
This article argues that attention to Mark Twain's references to laughter across his work reveals an insecure vision of what laughter is and what it can do. Nineteenth-century understandings of laughter are different from today's (such as ideas that it can make one fat, make one sane, evince sexual voracity, or destroy one's moral sense). This article contextualizes Twain's unstable depictions of laughter's possible effect on his readership. His ambivalence toward his career as a humorist reflects ambivalences toward the hilarity of the era. His characters laugh in ways that exploit laughter's associations with mental capacity and physical health, connections that were commonly made during a period in American history in which embodiment determined the rights of citizenship. Finally, situating his relationship with laughter complicates the quote from young Satan that “against the assault of Laughter nothing can stand,” which was the theme of the most recent Mark Twain Quadrennial Conference.
Voices and Invoices
Authors: Cortens Evan 
Published: September 2018

This chapter takes a detailed view of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach’s singers, vocal performance materials, and pay records in Hamburg. Particular attention is paid to the occasional choral music for which both pay records (from the Hamburg Rechnungsbuch der Kirchenmusik [D-Hsa, Hs.462]) and vocal parts survive, especially the cantatas written for the installation of pastors at the Hamburg churches. While noting that there are several fascinating examples indicating the sharing of single parts by multiple singers, Cortens ultimately concludes that as in most other parts of Germany of the time, one singer per part was the norm for Bach’s performances of liturgical music after 1767.
Black Public History in Chicago
Authors: Rocksborough-Smith Ian 
Published: September 2018

This book examines how various black Chicagoans used public history to engage with civil rights struggles. Numerous efforts to promote and teach this history demonstrated how dissident left-wing political currents from previous decades remained relevant to a vibrant and ideologically diffuse African American public sphere despite widespread Cold War dispersions, white-supremacist reactions, and anti-Communist repressions. The argument in this book proceeds by demonstrating how public-history projects strategically coalesced around a series of connected pedagogical endeavors. These endeavors included the work of schoolteachers on Chicago’s South Side who tried to advance curriculum reforms through World War II and afterwards; the activities of important cultural workers, such as Margaret T. G. Burroughs and Charles Burroughs, who politicized urban space and fought for greater recognition of black history in the public sphere through the advancement of their vision for a museum; and the Afro-American Heritage Association, which expressed a politics of black left nationalism that engaged with radical politics through black public-history labors. Collectively, these projects expressed important ideas about race, citizenship, education, and intellectual labors that engaged closely with the rapidly shifting terrains of mid-twentieth-century civil rights and international anticolonialisms. Ultimately, this book offers a social history about how black left-wing cultural work in public history and similar forms of knowledge production were at the intersections of political realities and lived experience in U.S. urban life.
Argentine Cinema and National Identity (1966-1976)
Authors: Rocha Carolina 
Published: September 2018

Argentine Cinema and National Identity covers the development of Argentine cinema since the late 1950s to the mid-1970s, a period that has been understudied. Marked by tumultuous political events, these decades witnessed debates about Argentina’s modernity and tradition that affected film production and consumption. Two film genres, the historical film and the gauchesque— a genre based on outlaw gauchos was crucial for nation-building in the nineteenth century—generated great local interest and high expectations among film producers and distributors. The notion of national identity guides the analysis of certain emblematic films that were well-received by domestic audiences and engaged with the issue of Argentine identity. This manuscript investigates the way Argentine cinema positioned itself when facing the competition of glossy American films by representing the past and the heroic founding figures so as to bridge the stark divisions between the Argentine left and right in the late 1960s.
The queer common: resisting the public at Gezi Park and beyond
Authors: Kramer Paul Gordon 
Published: September 2018

Millions of people across Turkey protested police violence, state totalitarianism, urban gentrification, and a host of other concerns during the Gezi Park protests in late May 2013. The protests merged with Gay Pride Istanbul and fundamentally changed queer and trans peoples’ relationships with the Turkish public. This chapter establishes “the queer common” as the sexualized lines of flight which destabilise the normal ways queers are governed – a concept for understanding queer resistance against the state. The chapter argues that the state and other institutions manipulate the public to assert one acceptable model of heteronormative belonging. This assemblage (which brings together the police, the family, Sunni Islam, media and other institutions) naturalises Turkish citizenship. The chapter draws on interviews with queer activists to explore queer resistance at Gezi, challenges to ‘normalised’ Turkish identity, and the renegotiation of the state’s production of violence against queer and trans people.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in the onset of myasthenia gravis with hyperCKemia
Authors: Takamatsu Koutaro , Nakane Shunya , Suzuki Shigeaki , Kosaka Takayuki , Fukushima Satoshi , Kimura Toshihiro , Miyashita Azusa , Mukaino Akihiro , Yamakawa Shiori , Watanabe Keisuke , Jinnin Masatoshi , Komohara Yoshihiro , Ihn Hironobu , Ando Yukio 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors sometimes cause neuromuscular adverse events. Although a few cases of myasthenia gravis with hyperCKemia triggered by immune checkpoint inhibitors have been described, conclusive evidence remains limited. We conducted a systematic review of published cases of myasthenia gravis with hyperCKemia related to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Moreover, we tested anti‐striational antibodies in the case of myasthenia gravis with myositis after nivolumab administration. We located 17 published case reports. Anti‐striational antibodies were tested in six cases and five cases were positive. Our systematic analyses revealed poor prognosis in myasthenia gravis combined hyperCKemia with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Organic Interface Engineering for Stable Green PHOLEDs through an Ultrathin Interface Tunneling Layer
Authors: Park So‐Ra , Ahn Dong A , Seol Ki‐Hyuk , Yang Sena , Kim Jeong Won , Lampande Raju , Nam Hyoungsik , Suh Min Chul 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDevice stability of the organic light emitting diodes is strongly affected by accumulated charge carriers at both interfaces of emitting layer (EML). To reduce the stress of devices from undesirable charge accumulation near EML, an interface tunneling layer (ITL) is introduced. Notably, ITL affects charge injection behavior, which helps to reduce a chemical degradation of EML. As a result, significantly improved device lifetime (by 2.5 times, ≈402.1 h, LT 75) after the introduction of pretty thin (1 nm) ITL between EML and electron transporting layer is obtained. Such a tunneling behavior by analysis of impedance spectroscopy (IS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), and electric stress for electron and hole only devices are verified.
A Highly Sensitive Bending Sensor Based on Controlled Crack Formation Integrated with an Energy Harvesting Pyramid Layer
Authors: Lee Serin , Oh Jinwon , Yang Jun Chang , Sim Joo Yong , Ryu Jeongjae , Kim Jin‐Oh , Park Steve 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA highly sensitive bending sensor composed of patterned Pt lines, integrated with energy harvesting capability, is reported. The sensitivity of the bending sensor increases as the width of the Pt lines decreases, owing to the increase in crack density with decreasing line width. Furthermore, sensitivity increases with increasing bending cycles, but saturates at around 1000 cycles. Such a behavior corresponds to the increase and eventual saturation of crack density with increasing bending cycles. A microstructured polydimethylsiloxane layer is placed on top of the Pt lines to serve as a triboelectric energy harvesting layer, where human skin and the Pt lines are utilized as electrodes. Voltage and current of 18.6 V and 209 nA are generated, respectively, from gentle finger tapping. These demonstrations make the device highly useful for a wide variety of portable and wearable flexible electronic applications.
Gecko‐Inspired Paper Artificial Skin for Intimate Skin Contact and Multisensing
Authors: Gao Bingbing , Wang Xuan , Li Tong , Feng Zhangqi , Wang Chunyan , Gu Zhongze 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTouch sensing is the most basic but important way for organisms to interact with the outside world, and thus, fingertip skin has been widely studied to enable the manufacture of artificial skin. Sensitive multisensing integrated with perfect adhesion performance is crucial for synchronous and sensitive human physical and biochemical indicator monitoring. Here, a gecko‐inspired nanotentacle skin integrated with a microfluidic system and a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based piezoelectricity nanogenerator (PENG) is proposed for simultaneous multisensing. The obtained 3D nitrocellulose (NC) nanotentacle array paper is flexible and freestanding. Stainless stamps are used to imprint lithography patterns (microfluidic channels) on the NC paper, and channels with three branches are used for sweat split‐flow and sensing of pH, urea, and lactic acid. Meanwhile, the patterned substrate is integrated with a PENG, and the nanotentacles allow the substrate to conformally fit to rough skin, thus enabling sensitive sensing of micromotions (pulse beats). The results indicate that the multifunctional skin sensor is capable of sensitively monitoring the human state, thereby serving as an inspiring example for the construction of next‐generation skin with smart sensing systems. Furthermore, our sensors are amenable to a variety of applications, such as personal care, artificial skin, and human–machine interactions.
Bench‐Stable Sulfoxide‐Based Boronates: Preparation and Application in a Tandem Suzuki Reaction
Authors: Čubiňák Marek , Eigner Václav , Tobrman Tomáš 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA set of novel aromatic and heteroaromatic bench‐stable sulfoxide‐based boronates was prepared. The structure of the boronates was established by means of X‐ray crystallography, and the prepared boronates were successively used in Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions under different conditions. We also developed a tandem Suzuki reaction so that a base is generated during the nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagents to 4‐bromobenzaldehyde. The formed intermediates were smoothly coupled with the prepared boronates and the boronic acids under external base‐free conditions.magnified image
Influence of Chemistry and Misfit Dislocation Structure on Dopant Segregation at Complex Oxide Heterointerfaces
Authors: Dholabhai Pratik P. , Martinez Enrique , Uberuaga Blas P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractComplex oxide heterostructures and thin films have emerged as promising candidates for diverse applications. Lattice mismatch between the two oxides lead to the formation of misfit dislocations, which influence vital material features. Trivalent dopant segregation to misfit dislocations at semi‐coherent oxide heterointerfaces, while not well understood, is anticipated to impact interface‐governed properties. Here, atomistic simulations elucidating the influence of misfit dislocations on dopant segregation at SrTiO3/MgO heterointerfaces are reported. SrO‐ and TiO2‐terminated interfaces that have differing misfit dislocation structure were considered for trivalent dopants segregation. At SrO‐terminated interface, dopants tend to segregate toward but not precisely to the heterointerface, whereas at TiO2‐terminated interface, dopants exhibit a thermodynamic preference to accumulate at the heterointerface. Most favorable segregation sites at SrO‐terminated interface are located within the coherent terrace, whereas those at TiO2‐terminated interface are at misfit dislocation intersections. Atomic layer chemistry and the resulting misfit dislocation structure at the heterointerface, along with concomitant strain at the heterointerface due to mismatched dopants, play a critical role in influencing the observed trends for dopant segregation. Overall, the present results offer a fundamental atomic scale perspective of dopant behavior at semi‐coherent complex oxide heterointerfaces and the interplay between dopant chemistry, interface chemistry, and misfit dislocation structure.
Microstructural changes in the brain in elderly patients with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Zhao Lanlan , Wang Yuezhi , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveIt is unclear how alterations in gray matter volume and white matter density affect elderly patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between structural changes in the brain and psychological stress in elderly IBS patients.MethodsEighteen IBS patients and 12 healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel‐based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging analysis were used to identify abnormalities in cortical regions and white matter, respectively.ResultsThe IBS group showed a significant GMV reduction in the cingulate gyrus, occipital lobe, hippocampus, frontal lobe, medial frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, and limbic lobe as well as a higher GMV in the insula, superior temporal gyrus, angular gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. Diffusion tensor imaging indicated that the IBS group had lower fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum, upper corona, fornix, internal capsule, and brainstem. Additionally, IBS patients showed higher mean diffusivity in the cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum, upper corona, internal capsule, external capsule, fornix, and superior longitudinal fasciculus.ConclusionStructural changes in the brain play a role in the condition of elderly IBS patients. Psychological stress is an important factor for developing IBS via the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis.
Identification of non‐convulsive status epilepticus with bradylalia using arterial spin‐labeling magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yamamoto Shuzo , Mutoh Tatsushi , Tatewaki Yasuko , Tsurutani Hisanobu , Watabe Noriaki , Saito Hiroshi , Yasui Nobuyuki , Taki Yasuyuki 
Published: September 2018

CaseNon‐convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is among the differential diagnoses of decreased consciousness, but often presents a diagnostic challenge. A 65‐year‐old woman was admitted to our emergency department with bradylalia. No abnormal finding was detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Subsequently, acquired arterial spin‐labeling images showed hyperperfusion in the right hemisphere.OutcomeAfter the examination, the patient began experiencing left hemifacial seizures, which were relieved by diazepam; however, she was still agitated. Ictal confusion due to NCSE was suspected. Electroencephalography revealed periodic, generalized epileptiform activities with brief seizures of facial muscles by intermittent photic stimulation. Another supportive case of NCSE detected by arterial spin‐labeling from a 56‐year‐old right‐handed man has also been presented.ConclusionArterial spin‐labeling magnetic resonance perfusion imaging provides valuable information regarding cerebral perfusion status in NCSE patients in emergency/acute settings.
Molecular and clinical relationship between live‐attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccination and childhood onset myasthenia gravis
Authors: He Dan , Zhang Han , Xiao Jun , Zhang Xiaofan , Xie Minjie , Pan Dengji , Wang Minghuan , Luo Xiang , Bu Bitao , Zhang Min , Wang Wei 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThe incidence of childhood onset myasthenia gravis (CMG) in China is higher than that in other countries; however, the reasons for this are unclear.MethodsWe investigated the clinical and immunological profiles of CMG, and assessed the potential precipitating factors. For the mouse studies, the possible implication of vaccination in the pathogenesis was explored.ResultsIn our retrospective study, 51.22% of the 4,219 cases of myasthenia gravis (MG) were of the childhood onset type. The cohort study uncovered that the pathophysiology of CMG was mediated by immune deviation, rather than through gene mutations or virus infections. The administration of the live‐attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine (LA‐JEV), but not the inactivated vaccine or other vaccines, in mice induced serum acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody production, reduced the AChR density at the endplates, and decreased both muscle strength and response to repetitive nerve stimulation. We found a peptide (containing 7 amino acids) of LA‐JEV similar to the AChR‐α subunit, and immunization with a synthesized protein containing this peptide reproduced the MG‐like phenotype in mice.InterpretationOur results describe the immunological profile of CMG. Immunization with LA‐JEV induced an autoimmune reaction against the AChR through molecular mimicry. These findings might explain the higher occurrence rate of CMG in China, where children are routinely vaccinated with LA‐JEV, compared with that in countries, where this vaccination is not as common. Efforts should be made to optimize immunization strategies and reduce the risk for developing autoimmune disorders among children. Ann Neurol 2018;84:386–400