bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood Experiences of Sexual Violence, Pregnancy, and Marriage Associated With Child Sex Trafficking Among Female Sex Workers in Two US–Mexico Border Cities
Authors: Boyce Sabrina C. , Brouwer Kimberly C. , Triplett Daniel , Servin Argentina E. , Magis-Rodriguez Carlos , Silverman Jay G. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To quantitatively assess the relationships of childhood experiences of marriage, pregnancy, and sexual violence with underage sex trafficking. Methods. Cross-sectional survey data from a population-based sample of 603 female sex workers from Tijuana and Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, were collected in 2013 and 2014, and we analyzed the data to evaluate relationships between pregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence when younger than 16 years, and child sex trafficking. Results. Adjusted odds of child sex trafficking among those who experienced pregnancy, marriage, and childhood sexual violence when younger than 16 years in combined models were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8, 4.3), 1.7 (95% CI = 0.99, 2.8), and 1.7 (95% CI = 1.01, 3.0), respectively, relative to others (n = 603). For 89.8%, 78.0%, and 97.0% of those who had an experience of pregnancy (n = 69), marriage (n = 50), or sexual violence (n = 33) when younger than 16 years, respectively, the experience occurred before or the same year as sex trafficking. Conclusions. These results provide empirical evidence of modifiable risk factors for child sex trafficking that could be integrated into the prevention efforts and protocols of health clinics and governmental agencies in Mexico currently working to reduce underage pregnancy, marriage, and sexual violence.
Cigar and Marijuana Blunt Use Among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women of Reproductive Age in the United States, 2006–2016
Authors: Coleman-Cowger Victoria H. , Pickworth Wallace B. , Lordo Robert A. , Peters Erica N. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To assess trends in prevalence of cigar and blunt use in relation to cigarette use among pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Methods. We used 2006 to 2016 data from the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health to assess past-month use of cigarettes, cigars, and blunts among a total of 8695 pregnant women and 162 451 nonpregnant women aged 18 to 44 years. Results. Cigarette use was more prevalent than cigar or blunt use in pregnant and nonpregnant women, with higher prevalence in nonpregnant women for each product. Among all women, cigarette use decreased and blunt use increased over time, whereas cigar use remained stable. Smoking prevalence was highest in the first trimester. Conclusions. The health implications of the increase in blunt use are not well known in the scientific literature or by the general public. Given the rapid changes in state marijuana laws, this issue should be a public health priority.
Disparities in Smoking Cessation Assistance in US Primary Care Clinics
Authors: Bailey Steffani R. , Heintzman John , Jacob R. Lorie , Puro Jon , Marino Miguel 
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To examine associations between patient factors and smoking cessation assistance in US safety-net clinics. Methods. Using electronic health record data from the OCHIN network, we identified adults with at least 1 primary care visit to a study clinic (n = 143 clinics in 12 states) with at least 1 documented “current smoker” status during 2014 to 2016 (n = 136 314; 29.8%). We estimated odds ratios (ORs) of smoking cessation assistance receipt (none [reference], counseling, medication, or both) by patient covariates. Results. For all cessation assistance categories, odds of assistance were higher among women, those with more visits, those assessed and ready to quit, and patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hyperlipidemia. Odds of receiving both counseling and medication were lower among uninsured patients (OR = 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48, 0.64), those of a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White (OR range = 0.65–0.82), and those with diabetes (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.79, 0.92), and higher among older patients and those with a comorbidity, with few exceptions. Conclusions. Disparities in smoking cessation assistance receipt exist in safety-net settings, in particular by health insurance coverage and across race/ethnicity, even after control for other socioeconomic and demographic factors.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge and Intention Among Adult Inmates in Kansas, 2016–2017
Authors: Allison Molly , Musser Brynne , Satterwhite Catherine , Ault Kevin , Kelly Patricia , Ramaswamy Megha 
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To assess human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and vaccine awareness, intention, and uptake among adult inmates in Kansas jails. Methods. We administered a survey with questions adapted from the US National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey to 571 adult inmates in 3 Kansas jails from October 10 to 12, 2016, and January 25 to 27, 2017, to assess HPV knowledge and vaccine awareness, intention, and uptake. Results. Although most adults across demographic groups recognized HPV as causing cervical cancer, knowledge was lower about other HPV-related cancers. Vaccine awareness was higher for women (70%) than men (41%). Only 8% of age-eligible men reported ever receiving the vaccine. Most adults across demographic groups reported “definitely” wanting to get the vaccine if offered in jail at no cost. Conclusions. Low uptake of HPV vaccine and high interest in receiving the vaccine in jails may indicate that vaccination availability for jail populations needs to be reexamined. Public Health Implications. Expanding HPV vaccine programs or partnerships to facilitate vaccine provision in jails could increase inmates’ knowledge of and intention to receive vital health services.
Compliance in 2017 With Federal Calorie Labeling in 90 Chain Restaurants and 10 Retail Food Outlets Prior to Required Implementation
Authors: Cleveland Lauren P. , Simon Denise , Block Jason P. 
Published: June 2018

Objectives. To examine early compliance with the delayed federal calorie labeling regulation that requires posting calories on menus and menu boards at retail food chains with 20 or more establishments nationally. Methods. We explored implementation of calorie labeling at 90 of the largest US chain restaurants and the 10 highest-grossing supermarket chains from May to December 2017. We contacted corporate offices and at least 2 locations for each chain, made site visits when possible, and supplemented these efforts with targeted Internet searches. Results. Overall, 71 (79%) restaurant chains partially or fully implemented labeling, as did 9 (90%) supermarket chains. Fast-food and fast-casual restaurants fully implemented labeling at a modestly higher rate than did full-service restaurants. Conclusions. Most of the retail food chains we assessed implemented calorie labeling policies in advance of the May 2018 compliance date. Public Health Implications. Although implementation of federal calorie labeling has been delayed repeatedly in the 8 years since the passage of the legislation, retail food chains have demonstrated a high rate of compliance with calorie labeling in advance of the required May 2018 implementation date. Despite reports from some retail food industries that compliance will be difficult, current implementation shows the feasibility of complying.
A Step Change for Single-Well Chemical-Tracer Tests: Field Pilot Testing of New Sets of Novel Tracers
Authors: AlAbbad Mohammed A. , Sanni Modiu L. , Kokal Sunil , Krivokapic Alexander , Dye Christian , Dugstad Øyvind , Hartvig Sven K. , Huseby Olaf K. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe single-well chemical-tracer test (SWCTT) is an in-situ test to measure oil saturation, and has been used extensively to assess the potential for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or to qualify particular EOR chemicals and methods. An SWCTT requires that a primary tracer be injected and that a secondary tracer be generated from the primary tracer in situ. Typically, a few hundred liters of ester is injected as primary tracer, and the secondary tracer is formed through hydrolysis in the formations. The ester is an oil/water-partitioning tracer, whereas the in-situ-generated alcohol is a water tracer. During production, these tracers separate and the time lag of the ester vs. the alcohol is used to estimate oil saturation in the near-well region.In this paper, we report a field test of a class of new reacting tracers for SWCTTs. In the test, approximately 100 cm3 of each of the new tracers was injected and used to assess oil saturation. In the test, ethyl acetate (EtAc) was used as a benchmark to verify the new tracers. This paper reviews the design and implementation of the test, highlights operational issues, provides a summary of the analyzed tracer curves, and gives a summary of the interpretation methodology used to find oil saturations from the tracer curves. Briefly summarized, we find the Sor measured by each of the novel tracers to compare with that from a conventional SWCTT. To validate stability and detectability of the tracers, a mass-balance assessment for the new tracers is compared with that of the conventional tracers.A benefit of the new tracers is the small amount needed. Methodological advantages resulting from using small amounts include the possibility to inject a mix of several tracers. Using several tracers with different partitioning coefficients enables probing of different depths of the reservoir. In addition, the robustness of SWCTTs can be increased by using several tracers, with different reaction rates and temperature sensitivity. The field trial also demonstrated that the new tracers have operational advantages. One benefit is the possibility to inject the new tracers as a short pulse of 10 minutes. Other benefits are that the small amounts needed reduce operational hazards and ease logistical handling.
Nitrogen Dynamics in Living Mulch and Annual Cover Crop Corn Production Systems
Authors: Andrews J. S. , Sanders Z. P. , Cabrera M. L. , Saha U. K. , Hill N. S. 
Published: June 2018

White clover (living mulch), crimson clover, and rye cover crops were used for corn production.
Plant‐available N was determined for each cover crop system to estimate N release.
Soil N forms and the timing of N availability varied among the cover crops.
Internal N use was similar but partial factor productivity and partial nutrient balance was greatest in the living mulch cover crop.
Successful living mulch (LM) systems may be capable of meeting the N requirements of corn (Zea mays L.) despite competition during corn development. This study compared corn N dynamics in a perennial white clover (Trifolium pratense L.) LM system and annual cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) (CR) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) (CC) systems. Corn in the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems received 56, 168, and 280 kg N ha−1, respectively. The mean total N provided from the cover crops was 145, 105, and 25 kg ha−1 in the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively. Water uptake by the LM reduced soil water content, soil N availability, N uptake, and plant‐available N (PAN) compared with the CC and CR cover crop systems. Average grain yield was 10.4, 13.3, and 13.0 Mg ha−1 for the LM, CC, and CR cover crop systems, respectively. Nitrogen internal utilization efficiency was not different among systems, but fertilizer N partial nutrient balance and partial factor productivity was greatest for LM and least for CR. Overall, the LM system had lower soil N availability, grain yield, and PAN, but it supplied a significant amount of legume N to corn and minimized the need for mineral N. We concluded that success of the LM system is dependent on N mineralization of the white clover residue and that yearly weather variation significantly affects mineralization of cover crop residues and PAN.
A Novel Phosphogypsum Application Recommendation Method under Continuous No‐Till Management in Brazil
Authors: Caires Eduardo F. , Guimarães Alaine M. 
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas
Phosphogypsum application increases grain yield, particularly in acidic subsoils.
Phosphogypsum rates can be based on Ca2+ saturation in the ECEC of the subsoil.
We show a new method for phosphogypsum recommendation based on M5‐Rules.
Phosphogypsum (PG) is used in tropical and subtropical agriculture when subsoil acidity is an important yield‐limiting factor. However, the conditions that increase crop yield under PG application in continuous no‐till systems remain unclear. In addition, the methods used in Brazil to estimate the PG requirements are sometimes imprecise. Thus, to develop an accurate method for establishing PG recommendation, a dataset from experiments performed in southern Brazil and selected published papers involving PG application on various Oxisols under continuous no‐till was analyzed by computational techniques of data mining using the M5‐Rules algorithm to create regression models. Experimental areas consisted of annual crops managed under a long‐term (≥10 yr) no‐till system. These included maize (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum distichum L.). Results allowed the proposal of a new method for establishing the PG requirement to increase Ca2+ saturation to 60% in the effective cation exchange capacity (ECEC) at the 20‐ to 40‐cm soil layer when this is lower than 54% using the following equation: PG (Mg ha−1) = (0.6 × ECEC – exchangeable Ca2+ content in cmolc dm−3) × 6.4. The PG rates indicated by this method agreed with those leading to the maximum economic yields obtained in most studies conducted on continuous no‐till soils in Brazil. The proposed method might be efficiently used when subsoil acidity is an important growth‐limiting factor.
Impact of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum and Manure Application on Transfer of Potentially Toxic Elements to Plants, Soil, and Runoff
Authors: Torbert H. Allen , Watts Dexter B. , Chaney Rufus L. 
Published: June 2018

There are concerns regarding the fate of nutrients from surface application of animal manure. One approach to reduce losses of P is to treat manure with industrial byproducts such as flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum. However, concerns regarding potentially toxic elements contributed to the environment have arisen based on previous element‐rich forms of FGD gypsum that included fly ash, whereas “new” FGD gypsum without fly ash is much lower in contaminants. This study examined the impact of FGD gypsum application on soil, plants, and runoff when applied alone or with poultry litter (PL) to soil. The study consisted of a plant response study (four rates of FGD gypsum of 0, 2.2, 4.4, and 8.9 Mg ha−1 and four rates of PL of 0, 4.4, 8.9, and 13.4 Mg ha−1) and a rainfall simulation study (3.4 Mg PL ha−1 with four rates of FGD gypsum of 0, 2.2, 4.4, and 8.9 Mg ha−1 and controls). Plant, soil, and runoff samples were analyzed for As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V, and Zn. Results indicated that FGD gypsum application would not result in increased potentially toxic elements in plants, soil, or runoff. In addition, the application of FGD gypsum significantly reduced P, As, and Fe concentrations in runoff, indicating that FGD gypsum can reduce the negative impact of manure surface application on surface water degradation.Core Ideas
We examined toxic element contamination from flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG).
FGDG application did not increase toxic element concentrations in plants, soil, or runoff.
Application of FGD gypsum significantly reduced P, As, and Fe concentrations in runoff.
FGDG can reduce negative impacts of manure application on surface water degradation.
Effects of climate variability and insurance adoption on crop production in select provinces of South Africa
Authors: Elum Zelda Anne , Nhamo Godwell , Antwi Michael Akwasi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIncreasing climate variability increases the risks in production and prices of agricultural products. Inarguably, Africa's susceptibility to climate change is high because it hosts the majority of the world's poor who cannot afford the costs of coping mechanisms. Agricultural insurance is being largely put forward as a coping measure of adapting to climate change to sustain farm production and farmers' livelihood. The study critically reviewed numerous publications on climate change impacts and the role of insurance in the adaptation process. It examined the effects of varying weather conditions and insurance on net crop revenue using the instrumental variable regression approach on a Ricardian model. The study further identified factors influencing the purchase of insurance among the farmers with a probit model. The study data were collected from a cross section of farmers in three selected provinces of South Africa. Results of data analysis indicated that owning insurance, number of labourers employed, size of irrigated farmland and rainfall have significant effects on net revenue. It was also revealed that experience, indicated by years of farming and revenue, influenced farmers' adoption of insurance. Consequently, the paper advocates for the provision of efficient irrigation facilities and promotion of insurance among farmers.
Estudo da microestrutura da resína acrílica
Authors: Rezende Adan Scaramelo de , Pereira Aloano Régio de Almeida , Motta Iago Azevedo , Silva Isabelle Souza e , Mendes Wallace Pará , Cabral Ricardo De Freitas 
Published: June 2018

As resinas plásticas são compostos químicos orgânicos de moléculas em forma de grades, ou tipo “tiras”, de grandes pesos moleculares denominados polímeros. Os polímeros por sua vez são resultantes da “união” química de vários elementos moleculares, os mais simples, chamados monômeros. O encontro dos monômeros se dá por reações químicas denominadas polimerização. Conforme ele nos diz, as características físicas ou químicas de cada tipo de resina variam de acordo com o tipo ou tipos de monômeros que lhe deram origem. Cada plástico reúne uma combinação de propriedades que o tornam mais adequado que qualquer outro plástico a um determinado fim. Podem-se ter vários tipos de classificações para os polímeros, como por exemplo: Polímeros termoplásticos; Polímeros termorrígidos, termofixos ou termoendurecível; Elastômeros (borrachas). Este trabalho analisa amostras e busca caracterizá-las de acordo com o seu tipo. Este material foi detalhado por ensaio de Tração, a Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Dureza Shore D, análise calorimétrica exploratória diferencial (DSC), e a termogravimétrica (TGA). As análises permitem levar a conclusão do tipo de material e os ensaios praticados, tanto na análise microestrutural, quanto na análise de dureza com um valor médio na escala shore D de 50,22 HS, evidenciam as características do material estudado como sendo resina acrílica.
Клініко-патогенетичні аспекти хронічного панкреатиту в поєднанні з вірусним гепатитом С в амбулаторній практиці
Authors: Babinets L.S. , Shaygen E.R. , Khomin G.A. 
Published: June 2018

Актуальність. Останніми роками зросла увага до інфекційного агента, вплив якого може призвести до розвитку запального процесу в підшлунковій залозі. Значне поширення вірусного гепатиту С серед населення, різноманітність його позапечінкових проявів обумовлюють актуальність проблеми. Недостатність розробки питань первинної й вторинної профілактики хронічного панкреатиту мотивує до глибшого вивчення механізму його розвитку на тлі вірусного гепатиту С. Мета: вивчити клінічний перебіг хронічного панкреатиту у хворих із супутнім вірусним гепатитом С. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 57 хворих на хронічний панкреатит із супутнім вірусним гепатитом С. Групу порівняння становили 20 осіб, хворих на хронічний панкреатит. Для встановлення клінічного діагнозу хронічного панкреатиту й вірусного гепатиту С усі хворі були обстежені згідно з протоколами, затвердженими наказами МОЗ України № 638 від 10.09.2014 і № 729 від 18.07.2016. Діагноз хронічного панкреатиту й вірусного гепатиту С верифікували на підставі даних анамнезу захворювання, клінічних проявів і результатів досліджень. Загальноклінічні й біохімічні обстеження проводили хворим на хронічний панкреатит у фазі загострення й нестійкої ремісії, хворим із вірусним гепатитом С — у фазі стійкої ремісії. Результати. У клінічному перебігу хронічного панкреатиту із супутнім вірусним гепатитом С провідне місце посідали больовий, диспептичний синдроми й порушення випорожнення, що були більш вираженими, ніж у групі порівняння (вірогідна відмінність від показників II групи, p < 0,05). У хворих на хронічний панкреатит із супутнім вірусним гепатитом С виявили анемію легкого ступеня, зниження рівня загального білка в крові, гіпербілірубінемію, гіперхолестеринемію, підвищення рівня ферментів аланінамінотрансферази й аспартатамінотрансферази, підвищення рівнів амілази крові й діастази сечі (вірогідна відмінність стосовно II групи, p < 0,05). У хворих на хронічний панкреатит із супутнім вірусним гепатитом С показник копрограми становив (5,20 ± 0,82) бала, а у хворих на хронічний панкреатит — (3,10 ± 0,32) бала (виявлено значно гірші показники, більш виражений запальний синдром і дисбактеріоз). У двох досліджуваних групах переважала стеаторея II типу. Глибина структурних змін у підшлунковій залозі за даними ультразвукового дослідження в групі хворих на хронічний панкреатит із супутнім вірусним гепатитом С становила (2,56 ± 1,10) бала, що відповідає процесу середнього ступеня тяжкості. У контрольній групі ступінь ураження становив (1,90 ± 0,60) бала. Висновки. На підставі оцінки даних дослідження встановлено негативний вплив супутнього вірусного гепатиту С на перебіг хронічного панкреатиту.
La construcción de conceptos en el enfoque constructivista a través de los mediadores tecnológicos, una alternativa de mediación pedagógica para el sistema de enseñanza de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia
Authors: Méndez Estrada Víctor Hugo , Jiménez Aragón Laura 
Published: June 2018

El propósito fundamental del presente artículo es ofrecer una propuesta basada en el análisis de varios teóricos constructivistas que sirva de guía a docentes universitarios para la implementación sistémica de los procesos psicológicos en la construcción deconceptos, mediado por los instrumentos tecnológicos indispensables en la modalidad de aprendizaje a distancia de la UNED, cuyo modelo pedagógico es centrado en el estudiante. Primeramente se analiza a la luz de cuatro teóricos constructivistas: Piaget, Ausubel, Vygotski y Novak los pasos que estos proponen para la adquisición del conocimiento (conceptos) a saber: percepción, atención voluntaria, memoria, razonamiento y resolución de problemas; mismos que deben visualizarse a través del desarrollo de metodologías de aprendizaje basadas en el enfoque constructivista.También se hace un análisis descriptivo de 287 documentos impresos y digitales de investigaciones realizadas en la UNED, durante 1989 al 2010. Se escogen dos experiencias de aprendizaje desarrolladas por el estudiantado en dos cursos de laUNED, cuyo fin es ubicar las actividades realizadas por el estudiantado en cada uno de los pasos propuestos por los teóricos para la construcción del conocimiento.