bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Parametrized Analysis of Algorithms on Hierarchical Graphs
Authors: Faran Rachel , Kupferman Orna 
Published: September 2019

Hierarchical graphs are used in order to describe systems with a sequential composition of sub-systems. A hierarchical graph consists of a vector of subgraphs. Vertices in a subgraph may “call” other subgraphs. The reuse of subgraphs, possibly in a nested way, causes hierarchical graphs to be exponentially more succinct than equivalent flat graphs. Early research on hierarchical graphs and the computational price of their succinctness suggests that there is no strong correlation between the complexity of problems when applied to flat graphs and their complexity in the hierarchical setting. That is, the complexity in the hierarchical setting is higher, but all “jumps” in complexity up to an exponential one are exhibited, including no jumps in some problems. We continue the study of the complexity of algorithms for hierarchical graphs, with the following contributions: (1) In many applications, the subgraphs have a small, often a constant, number of exit vertices, namely vertices from which control returns to the calling subgraph. We offer a parameterized analysis of the complexity and point to problems where the complexity becomes lower when the number of exit vertices is bounded by a constant. (2) We describe a general methodology for algorithms on hierarchical graphs. The methodology is based on an iterative compression of subgraphs in a way that maintains the solution to the problems and results in subgraphs whose size depends only on the number of exit vertices, and (3) we handle labeled hierarchical graphs, where edges are labeled by letters from some alphabet, and the problems refer to the languages of the graphs.
Branching Measures and Nearly Acyclic NFAs
Authors: Keeler Casey , Salomaa Kai 
Published: September 2019

To get a more comprehensive understanding of the amount of branching in computations of a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA), we introduce and study the string path width and depth path width measures. For a given NFA, the string path width on a string [Formula: see text] counts the number of all complete computations on [Formula: see text], and the depth path width on an integer [Formula: see text] counts the number of complete computations on all strings of length [Formula: see text]. We give an algorithm to decide the finiteness of the depth path width of an NFA. Deciding finiteness of string path width can be reduced to the corresponding question on ambiguity. An NFA is nearly acyclic if any computation can pass through at most one cycle. The class of nearly acyclic NFAs consists of exactly all NFAs with finite depth path width. Using this characterization we show that the finite depth path width of an [Formula: see text]-state NFA over a [Formula: see text]-letter alphabet is at most [Formula: see text] and that this bound is tight. The nearly acyclic NFAs recognize exactly the class of constant density regular languages.
A User Profile Awareness Service Collaborative Recommendation Algorithm Under LBSN Environment
Authors: Xin Mingjun , Wu Lijun , Li Shunxian 
Published: September 2019

Nowadays, location-based social network (LBSN) has become one of the most popular applications with the rapid development of mobile Internet. However, due to the spatial and real-time properties, mobile service recommendation under LBSN environment faces too many challenges especially data sparsity problem. To tackle these challenges, a recommendation framework is proposed in this paper which has four layers defined as data collection layer, user profile modeling layer, information processing layer and recommendation feedback layer, respectively. Furthermore, the ISC-CF algorithm is implemented to integrate users’ interest profile, social influence and current location context to effectively overcome the data sparsity problem. Thus, the social influence is quantified by a modified measure way. Finally, a dynamic and personalized adjustment algorithm is built by using the users’ profile tracking and the current location context. The experiment results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper has significantly superior performance compared with the other baseline recommendation methods in both hometown area and out-of-town area.
Coronary Artery Disease Risk-Associated
Plpp3
Gene and Its Product Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase 3 Regulate Experimental Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mueller Paul A. , Yang Liping , Ubele Margo , Mao Guogen , Brandon Jason , Vandra Julia , Nichols Timothy C. , Escalante-Alcalde Diana , Morris Andrew J. , Smyth Susan S. 
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Genome-wide association studies identified novel loci in
PLPP3
(phospholipid phosphatase 3) that associate with coronary artery disease risk independently of traditional risk factors.
PLPP3
encodes LPP3 (lipid phosphate phosphatase 3), a cell-surface enzyme that can regulate the availability of bioactive lysophopsholipids including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). The protective allele of
PLPP3
increases LPP3 expression during cell exposure to oxidized lipids, however, the role of LPP3 in atherosclerosis remains unclear.

Approach and Results:

In this study, we sought to validate LPP3 as a determinate of the development of atherosclerosis. In experimental models of atherosclerosis, LPP3 is upregulated and co-localizes with endothelial, smooth muscle cell, and CD68-positive cell markers. Global post-natal reductions in
Plpp3
expression in mice substantially increase atherosclerosis, plaque-associated LPA, and inflammation. Although LPP3 expression increases during ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein)-induced phenotypic modulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages, myeloid
Plpp3
does not appear to regulate lesion formation. Rather, smooth muscle cell LPP3 expression is a critical regulator of atherosclerosis and LPA content in lesions. Moreover, mice with inherited deficiency in LPA receptor signaling are protected from experimental atherosclerosis.

Conclusions:
Our results identify a novel lipid signaling pathway that regulates inflammation in the context of atherosclerosis and is not related to traditional risk factors. Pharmacological targeting of bioactive LPP3 substrates, including LPA, may offer an orthogonal approach to lipid-lowering drugs for mitigation of coronary artery disease risk.
Diet Quality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Hirahatake Kristin M. , Jiang Luohua , Wong Nathan D. , Shikany James M. , Eaton Charles B. , Allison Matthew A. , Martin Lisa , Garcia Lorena , Zaslavsky Oleg , Odegaard Andrew O. 
Published: September 2019

Background

Dietary patterns are associated with cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) risk in the general population, but diet–
CVD
association in populations with diabetes mellitus is limited. Our objective was to examine the association between diet quality and
CVD
risk in a population with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods and Results

We analyzed prospective data from 5809 women with prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline from the Women's Health Initiative. Diet quality was defined using alternate Mediterranean, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, Paleolithic, and American Diabetes Association dietary pattern scores calculated from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable Cox's proportional hazard regression was used to analyze the risk of incident
CVD
. During mean 12.4 years of follow‐up, 1454 (25%) incident
CVD
cases were documented. Women with higher alternate Mediterranean, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension, and American Diabetes Association dietary pattern scores had a lower risk of
CVD
compared with women with lower scores (Q5 v Q1) (hazard ratio [
HR
]
aMed
0.77, 95%
CI
0.65–0.93; HR
DASH
0.69, 95%
CI
0.58–0.83;

HR
ADA

0.71, 95%
CI
0.59–0.86). No association was observed between the Paleolithic score and
CVD
risk.

Conclusions

Dietary patterns that emphasize higher intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts/seeds, legumes, a high unsaturated:saturated fat ratio, and lower intake of red and processed meats, added sugars, and sodium are associated with lower
CVD
risk in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Seasonal analysis of the gut microbiota in adult and young captive Asian black bears in northeast China
Authors: Su Junhong , Li Linghao , Wang Yueying , Ma Xiao-xia , Ma Zhongren , Peppelenbosch Maikel P. , Pan Qiuwei , Bai Xue 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Seasonal alternation impacts the composition of gut microbiota in wild and free-ranging bears, but little is known concerning captive bears. In this study, we investigated the effects of seasonal changes on gut microbiota in captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus). Fecal samples of thirteen adult and young were collected at a bile farm in Northeast China between September 2017 and January 2018. The fecal microbiota community was analyzed by sequencing the bacterial 16S V4 hypervariable region using a next-generation sequencing platform. We found that Firmicutes was the predominant phylum in the feces of captive Asiatic black bears. Microbial alpha and beta diversity in both adult and young captive Asiatic black bears was significantly different between the two time points. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Sarcina was increased in all of the captive Asiatic black bears in January, while Streptococcus was decreased in young but not adults. Overall, the composition of gut microbiota was influenced by seasonal changes, but the effect was more pronounced in young captive Asiatic black bears. These findings may help to better understand the roles of captivity and hibernation on shaping the gut microbiota in bears.
Effects of Memory Biases on Variability of Temperature Reconstructions
Authors: Lücke Lucie J. , Hegerl Gabriele C. , Schurer Andrew P. , Wilson Rob 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Quantifying past climate variation and attributing its causes improves our understanding of the natural variability of the climate system. Tree-ring-based proxies have provided skillful and highly resolved reconstructions of temperature and hydroclimate of the last millennium. However, like all proxies, they are subject to uncertainties arising from varying data quality, coverage, and reconstruction methodology. Previous studies have suggested that biological-based memory processes could cause spectral biases in climate reconstructions. This study determines the effects of such biases on reconstructed temperature variability and the resultant implications for detection and attribution studies. We find that introducing persistent memory, reflecting the spectral properties of tree-ring data, can change the variability of pseudoproxy reconstructions compared to the surrogate climate and resolve certain model–proxy discrepancies. This is especially the case for proxies based on ring-width data. Such memory inflates the difference between the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age and suppresses and extends the cooling in response to volcanic eruptions. When accounting for memory effects, climate model data can reproduce long-term cooling after volcanic eruptions, as seen in proxy reconstructions. Results of detection and attribution studies show that signals in reconstructions as well as residual unforced variability are consistent with those in climate models when the model fingerprints are adjusted to reflect autoregressive memory as found in tree rings.
Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is associated with very low plasma-free serotonin concentrations in humans
Authors: Peters Marloes AM , van Faassen Martijn , de Jong Wilhelmina HA , Bouma Grietje , Meijer Coby , Walenkamp Annemiek ME , de Vries Elisabeth GE , Oosting Sjoukje F , Ruhé Henricus G , Kema Ido P 
Published: September 2019

Background Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block the serotonin transporter on neurons, but also on platelets, thus decreasing platelet serotonin concentrations in users of SSRIs. Data on plasma-free serotonin concentrations in SSRI users are lacking, while plasma-free serotonin is available for receptor binding and plays a role in several pathophysiological processes. We therefore measured the plasma-free and platelet serotonin concentrations in users of SSRIs and age-matched healthy controls, and we analysed plasma concentrations of the serotonin precursor tryptophan and serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleamineacetic acid (5-HIAA). Methods For this cross-sectional single-centre case control study, participants were recruited at the departments of Psychiatry and General Medicine. High-performance liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to measure plasma-free and platelet serotonin, plasma tryptophan and 5-HIAA concentrations. Preanalytical conditions were optimized by careful blood collection, rapid sample handling, high-speed centrifugation, drug and diet restrictions and age-matched controls. Results In 64 SSRI users, median concentrations of plasma-free and platelet serotonin were 10-fold and 14-fold lower, respectively, than in 64 matched controls. Patients using higher dose SSRIs or those with higher affinity for the serotonin transporter had lower plasma-free and platelet serotonin concentrations. Compared with controls, SSRI users had similar median plasma tryptophan concentrations but slightly higher plasma 5-HIAA concentrations. Conclusion SSRI users have low platelet serotonin and low plasma-free serotonin. This could not be explained by lower concentrations of its precursor tryptophan, and only partially by increased breakdown to 5-HIAA.
Marx’s Theory of Money: A Reappraisal in the Light of Unconventional Monetary Policy
Authors: Ivanova Maria N. 
Published: September 2019

This paper analyzes key aspects of Marx’s theory of money in order to reassert its continued relevance for understanding monetary developments in contemporary capitalism. Unlike theorists who become preoccupied with particular functions and forms of money, Marx develops a comprehensive concept of money integrating its various functions and emphasizing the socio-economic basis of its existence. Money performs different functions including a measure of value, a means of purchase/exchange, a means of payment, and a means of hoarding, which are independent of money’s concrete forms. The functions of money as a means of purchase and means of payment relate to each other as money (income) and credit (money), which are fundamentally different. The quantity and availability of credit (money) may be influenced by the activities of the central bank and the private banking system. Credit (money), however, can only become money (income) if and when it enters the domain of social production as an embodiment of the value of social labor and social purchasing power. This inextricable link between money and social production sets natural limits to the ability of monetary policy to influence both monetary and non-monetary developments in contemporary capitalism. An analysis grounded in Marx’s theory of money can provide insights into a range of contemporary monetary phenomena including hoarding, the rush to liquidity during financial crises, the scramble for government debt as a source of ultimate liquidity, and the limits to conventional and unconventional monetary policy. JEL Classification: E4, E5, B51, E6
Identifying Trajectories and Predictors of Response to Psychotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Dewar Michelle , Paradis Alison , Fortin Christophe A. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: There exists considerable individual variability in the development and progression of pathological stress reactions after experiencing trauma, as well as in individuals’ response to psychological interventions. Yet until recently, such individual differences had not been considered when evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This systematic review aims to examine the emerging literature on this subject and, specifically, to identify trajectories and predictors of psychotherapeutic response in adults with PTSD. Method: Four databases were searched using specific keywords without date or language restrictions. For each study, independent reviewers systematically evaluated whether it met eligibility criteria and assessed risk of bias. For included studies, reviewers completed data extraction using standard formats. Those examining how subgroups of adults respond to therapy for clinical PTSD using trajectory modeling were deemed eligible. Demographic, PTSD, clinical, and trauma-related factors associated to particular trajectories were also examined. Results: Of the 1,727 papers identified, 11 were included in this analysis. Of these studies, six focused on military-related traumas and five on civilian ones. Although studies found between two and five trajectories, most supported a three-trajectory model of response categorized as responders, nonresponders, and subclinical participants. Over 22 predictors of treatment trajectories were examined. Comorbid depression, anxiety, and alcohol abuse were the strongest predictors of poor therapeutic response. Age, combat exposure, social support, and hyperarousal were moderate predictors. Conclusion: This review provides valuable insight into the treatment of PTSD, as it supports the heterogeneous trajectories of psychotherapeutic responses and provides avenues for the development of interventions that consider individual-level factors in treatment response.
Where do Peer Review Groups fit in the international Continuing Professional Development literature?
Authors: Karageorge Aspasia , Lancaster Jeanette , Prager Shirley , Nash Louise 
Published: September 2019

Objectives: To describe what is reported in the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) literature on small group learning formats in medicine, including the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) CPD Peer Review Groups (PRGs). Method: A literature review of international peer-reviewed publications in relation to the use of small group learning formats for CPD in medicine. Results: Small groups are commonly used as a learning format in medical CPD, primarily in general practice, but are little researched. Such groups take differing forms and they are valued by participants for a range of purposes, having effects on professionalism, clinical performance and doctors’ wellbeing. Conclusion: We believe that the contribution of these groups to medical CPD should be further explored. To this end, this review forms the first part of a research project focussing on the RANZCP PRG model used by Australian and New Zealand psychiatrists.
China Social Work Professional Level Examination Pass Rates: Chronological Change and Regional Difference
Authors: Zeng Shouchui , Li Xiao , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2019

Purpose: China Social Workers’ Professional Level Examination (CSWPLE) intends to promote social work professionalization in China. It has been implemented for 10 years since 2008. The purpose of this study is to report participation and pass rates of CSWPLE and discuss the implications for social work professionalization and education in China. Method: This study drew data from the China Statistical Yearbooks and the China Civil Affairs’ Statistical Yearbooks from 2009 to 2018 and presented participation and pass rates of CSWPLE in this period from both chronological and regional perspectives. Results: A large number of examinees had earned the title of junior social worker or social worker through the examination. The fluctuation of pass rates and regional difference in pass rates were observed. Discussion: The implications for improving test development and future research on the connection between social work education and CSWPLE are discussed.
The Effect of a Standardized Triage Process on Efficiency and Productivity of an Inpatient Palliative Care Team
Authors: Frendak Lynn S. , Wright Scott M. , Wu David Shih 
Published: September 2019

Context: Studies have shown that palliative care involvement delivers a multitude of benefits to patients and caregivers. The existing palliative care workforce is inadequate to meet growing demand. Innovative strategies to triage inpatient consults are necessary. Objectives: To describe the implementation of a new palliative care triage process and to demonstrate its impact on efficiency, teamwork, and patient care. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design, comparing clinical consult data from a 6-month period before and a 6-month period after implementation of the novel consult triage model. Results: Across the 2 study periods, consult demand increased by 44% while the physician staffing (full time equivalent [FTE]) decreased by 38%. Penetration rate per clinical FTE increased (from 1.9%-2.4%; P = .004). Monthly physician work relative value units (RVUs) per FTE increased from 909 to 1678. Physician encounters with hospitalized patients increased from 284 to 353, and total team visits increased from 596 to 891 ( P < .001). Average time to consult decreased by 2.4 hours ( P = .54). Conclusion: An efficient and streamlined consult triage process had a positive impact on our palliative care team’s ability to reach patients. We were able to generate more physician visits and RVUs despite a decrease in physician clinical time, and our penetration rate per physician clinical FTE improved. Our findings highlight the importance of thoughtful and appropriate triage, not to mention teamwork, in helping to augment patient access to palliative care.
The architecture of the IgG anti-carbohydrate repertoire in primary antibody deficiencies
Authors: Jandus Peter , Boligan Kayluz Frias , Smith David F. , de Graauw Elisabeth , Grimbacher Bodo , Jandus Camilla , Abdelhafez Mai M. , Despont Alain , Bovin Nicolai , Simon Dagmar , Rieben Robert , Simon Hans-Uwe , Cummings Richard D. , von Gunten Stephan 
Published: September 2019

Key Points
Repertoire analysis by microarray technology constitutes a powerful tool to evaluate immune system failure in PADs.