bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late diagnosis, delayed presentation and late presentation among persons enrolled in a clinical HIV cohort in Ontario, Canada (1999–2013)
Authors: Wilton J , Light L , Gardner S , Rachlis B , Conway T , Cooper C , Cupido P , Kendall CE , Loutfy M , McGee F , Murray J , Lush J , Rachlis A , Wobeser W , Bacon J , Kroch AE , Gilbert M , Rourke SB , Burchell AN ,   Ontario HIV Treatment Network (OHTN) Cohort Study Team
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTimely HIV diagnosis and presentation to medical care are important for treatment and prevention. Our objective was to measure late diagnosis, delayed presentation and late presentation among individuals in the Ontario HIV Treatment Network Cohort Study (OCS) who were newly diagnosed in Ontario.MethodsThe OCS is a multi‐site clinical cohort study of people living with HIV in Ontario, Canada. We measured prevalence of late diagnosis [CD4 count < 350 cells/μL or an AIDS‐defining condition (ADC) within 3 months of HIV diagnosis], delayed presentation (≥ 3 months from HIV diagnosis to presentation to care), and late presentation (CD4 count < 350 cells/μL or ADC within 3 months of presentation). We identified characteristics associated with these outcomes and explored their overlap.ResultsA total of 1819 OCS participants were newly diagnosed in Ontario from 1999 to 2013. Late diagnosis (53.0%) and presentation (54.0%) were common, and a quarter (23.1%) of participants were delayed presenters. In multivariable models, the participants of delayed presentation decreased over calendar time, but that of late diagnosis/presentation did not. Late diagnosis contributed to the majority (> 87%) of late presentation, and the prevalence of delayed presentation was similar among those diagnosed late versus early (13.4 versus 13.4%, respectively; P = 0.99). Characteristics associated with higher odds of late diagnosis/presentation in multivariable analyses included older age at diagnosis/presentation; African, Caribbean and Black race/ethnicity; Indigenous race/ethnicity; female sex; and being a male who did not report sex with men. There were lower odds of late diagnosis/presentation among participants who had ever injected drugs. In contrast, delayed presentation risk factors included younger age at diagnosis and having ever injected drugs.ConclusionsLate presentation is common in Ontario, as it is in other high‐income countries. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce late presentation should focus on facilitating earlier diagnosis for the populations identified in this analysis.
Greater early epinephrine rise with head‐up posture: A marker of increased syncope susceptibility in vasovagal fainters
Authors: Kohno Ritsuko , Detloff Barry L. S. , Chen Lin Yee , Norby Faye L. , Benditt David G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundHead‐up tilt (HUT) is widely used for diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected vasovagal syncope (VVS), but also offers an opportunity to study VVS pathophysiology. In this regard, it is known that plasma epinephrine (Epi) levels and Epi/norepinephrine (NE) ratio are markedly increased from baseline at the time of HUT‐induced VVS. However, whether these changes contribute to VVS susceptibility remains uncertain.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that if catecholamines contributed to VVS directly, then a greater increase of plasma Epi and Epi/NE ratio early during HUT would be associated with shorter time to syncope.MethodsThe patient population comprised 33 individuals (14 men, 43 ± 2 years) with suspected VVS in whom 70° HUT reproduced symptoms. Arterial Epi and NE concentrations were collected at baseline (supine) and 2 minutes of HUT. Linear, exponential, and multiple regression were used to access the association between changing catecholamine levels and time to syncope.ResultsMean ± SD time to positive HUT was 11 (7.6) minutes. Higher plasma Epi levels (pg/mL) both at baseline and at 2 minutes upright correlated with shorter time to syncope (baseline, R = −0.35, P = 0.048; and 2 minutes, R = −0.58, P = 0.001). Similarly, a greater Epi/NE ratio at 2 minutes head‐up correlated with earlier time to syncope (R = −0.49, P = 0.007). These relationships remained significant after adjusting for age and sex (P = 0.006 and 0.02, respectively).ConclusionGreater Epi levels and Epi/NE ratio early during HUT were associated with shorter time to VVS, suggesting a possible contribution to VVS susceptibility.
Maize Iranian mosaic virus infection promotes the energy sources of its insect vector, Laodelphax striatellus
Authors: Moeini Pedram , Tahmasebi Aminallah 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMaize Iranian mosaic virus (MIMV, family Rhabdoviridae) causes an important disease in cereal crops in Iran. It is transmitted by the planthopper Laodelphax striatellus in a persistent, propagative manner. In the present study, the effect of MIMV on the energy reserves of L. striatellus was studied by comparing energy contents in viruliferous and non‐viruliferous insects. Results showed that MIMV‐infected male and female adults, and nymphs stored 1.82, 2.24 and 1.7‐fold more total energy reserves than non‐viruliferous individuals. This is consistent with a 2.55‐fold increase of the total energy (sum of energy sources in nymphs and adults) of viruliferous compared to non‐viruliferous specimens. A significant increase in glycogen (2.26‐fold), carbohydrate (2.13‐fold), lipid (1.63‐fold) and protein (1.96‐fold) was documented in viruliferous insects compared to non‐viruliferous insects. Based on these results, we conclude that MIMV enhances the energy reserves of its vector and therefore, may play a vital role in the ecology of L. striatellus.
A hybrid AHP‐TOPSIS method for prospectively modeling of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration of strawberry
Authors: Noshad Mohammad , Savari Moslem , Roueita Ghaniye 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, the AHP‐TOPSIS method was used to optimize the best condition of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration of strawberry under different process conditions of ultrasonic frequency levels (37 and 80 KHz) and ultrasonic time (20–40 min). For this purpose, two physical criteria (texture, taste, flavor, color, water loss, and solid gain) and a chemical measure (vitamin C content and total anthocyanin content) were to evaluate the optimum condition of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration of strawberry. Results showed WL and SG increased by an increase in ultrasonic duration. Firmness decreased by an increase in frequency level. The amount of vitamin C and total anthocyanin content decreases in the samples by increasing frequency and duration of ultrasonic waves. Finally, the calculation of relative proximity to ideal solution of this criterion indicated that products (time 30 min; frequency 37 KHz) and (time 20 min; frequency 37 KHz) dedicate ranks first and second among calculated options.Practical applicationsConsidering several factors affecting ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration, choosing the optimal condition based on multi‐criteria decision making is complex and not easily possible. For this reason, multi‐criteria decision‐making methods have been developed that help to solve these problems. Among the multi‐criteria decision‐making methods, the AHP‐TOPSIS method is considered as an effective method considering the quantitative and qualitative conditions and variables simultaneously. In this study for the first time, aimed to use the AHP‐TOPSIS method to optimize the best condition of ultrasound‐assisted osmotic dehydration of strawberries. According to the AHP‐TOPSIS method based on physicochemical properties, the strawberries were dried in condition (time: 30 min; frequency: 37 KHz) was best quality compared to the other products. The results showed that AHP‐TOPSIS method can be used as a novel method for optimizing the condition process of food products.
Labor Force Status, Transitions, and Mothers' and Fathers' Parenting Stress: Direct and Cross‐Spousal Influences
Authors: Craig Lyn , Churchill Brendan 
Published: November 2018

Objective: To investigate relationships between parenting stress and the labor force status and transitions of fathers and mothers, including cross‐spousal effects.Background: Parenting is a demanding role, which can be stressful depending on access to resources and support. Relationships between employment and parenting stress vary by class and gender, but little is known about the effect of transitions—short‐term changes—in labor force status.Method: Using nationally representative longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labor Dynamics in Australia Survey (n = 4,387 mothers and 4,033 fathers with children younger than age 17) and fixed effects modeling of data over 15 waves, the study examined relationships between parenting stress and mothers and fathers labor force status and transitions between full‐time work, part‐time work, and being out of the labor force.Results: Mothers report higher parenting stress when they are employed part‐time. For both mothers and fathers, having a nonemployed partner is associated with lower parenting stress, but a partner's transition to this status is associated with higher parenting stress.Conclusion: Both mothers and fathers find parenting stressful, and this can be compounded by their employment situation, especially for mothers. Cross‐spousal linkages are also important, notably that having a partner not in the labor force is associated with lower parenting stress for employed parents of both genders and is likely because care can be delegated to the home‐based parent.
Technique to Confirm Occlusal Contact Using an Articulating Paper Holder Equipped with Tongue Depressor
Authors: Tanoue Naomi , Ayuse Terumi , Fujiwara Taku , Ayuse Takao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis technical report describes a simple procedure for verifying occlusal contact with the use of a new device that combines the functions of a tongue depressor and an articulating paper holder. Verifying occlusal contact and/or the maxillomandibular relationship record can be expected to be simpler and easier with this device compared to the conventional holder, especially for patients with tongue hypertrophy or obesity and those treated under general anesthesia, among others.
“It's Like Two Roles We're Playing”: Parent Perspectives on Navigating Self‐Directed Service Programs with Adult Children with Intellectual and/or Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Brown Melissa , Harry Melissa , Mahoney Kevin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPublicly funded self‐directed budgets for purchasing community‐based long‐term services and supports for people with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) have become a wide‐spread service model in the United States and internationally. The current study aims to understand parents' experiences in navigating self‐directed support programs with their adult child with IDD. We utilized qualitative content analysis of interviews with 26 parents of adult children with IDD enrolled in self‐directed budget programs in five U.S. states. Twenty‐four parents reported numerous programmatic barriers to person‐centered supports falling within three thematic areas: administrative issues, budgeting challenges, and inadequate supports. Parents of adult children with IDD value self‐directed supports, although programs cannot cover all possible independent living needs due to a number of factors, including unavailability of desired supports, program rules, or budget limitations. As practices vary by program, our research suggests approaches from different programs that families may find helpful.
Should Measures of Health Care Availability Be Based on the Providers or the Procedures? A Case Study with Implications for Rural Colorectal Cancer Disparities
Authors: Josey Michele J. , Eberth Jan M. , Mobley Lee R. , Schootman Mario , Probst Janice C. , Strayer Scott M. , Sercy Erica 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposePatients with colorectal cancer (CRC) living in rural areas have lower survival rates than those in urban areas, potentially because of lack of access to quality CRC screening and treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare traditional physician density (ie, colonoscopy provider availability per capita) against a new physician density measure using an example case of colonoscopy volume and quality. The latter is particularly relevant for rural providers, who may have fewer patients and are more frequently nongastroenterologists.MethodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis of the 2014 Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Database and the National Cancer Institute State Cancer Profile Database. Volume‐weighted physician density scores at the state and county levels were created, accounting for (1) the physician's annual colonoscopy volume and (2) whether the physician performs ≥100 procedures per year. We compared volume‐weighted versus traditional density, overall and by rurality, and examined their correlation with CRC screening, incidence, and mortality rates.FindingsThe difference between volume‐weighted and traditional density scores was particularly large in rural parts of the West and Midwest, and it was most similar in the Northeast. Although weak, correlations with CRC outcomes were stronger for volume‐weighted density, and they did not differ by rurality.ConclusionsOur new method is an improvement over traditional methods because it considers the variation of physician procedure volume, and it has a stronger correlation with population health outcomes. Weighted density scores portray a more realistic picture of physician supply, particularly in rural areas.
Chromosomal inversions associated with environmental adaptation in honeybees
Authors: Christmas Matthew J. , Wallberg Andreas , Bunikis Ignas , Olsson Anna , Wallerman Ola , Webster Matthew T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChromosomal inversions can facilitate local adaptation in the presence of gene flow by suppressing recombination between well‐adapted native haplotypes and poorly adapted migrant haplotypes. East African mountain populations of the honeybee Apis mellifera are highly divergent from neighbouring lowland populations at two extended regions in the genome, despite high similarity in the rest of the genome, suggesting that these genomic regions harbour inversions governing local adaptation. Here, we utilize a new highly contiguous assembly of the honeybee genome to characterize these regions. Using whole‐genome sequencing data from 55 highland and lowland bees, we find that the highland haplotypes at both regions are present at high frequencies in three independent highland populations but extremely rare elsewhere. The boundaries of both divergent regions are characterized by regions of high homology with each other positioned in opposite orientations and contain highly repetitive, long inverted repeats with homology to transposable elements. These regions are likely to represent inversion breakpoints that participate in nonallelic homologous recombination. Using long‐read data, we confirm that the lowland samples are contiguous across breakpoint regions. We do not find evidence for disruption of functional sequence by these breakpoints, which suggests that the inversions are likely maintained due to their allelic content conferring local adaptation in highland environments. Finally, we identify a third divergent genomic region, which contains highly divergent segregating haplotypes that also may contain inversion variants under selection. The results add to a growing body of evidence indicating the importance of chromosomal inversions in local adaptation.
Effects of tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced exosomes on the endothelial cellular behavior, metabolism and bioenergetics
Authors: Li Bingwei , Li Luhan , Zhang Qiuju , Zhang Honggang , Xiu Ruijuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the effects of TNF‐α‐induced exosomes release on the biological behavior, metabolism, and bioenergetics of HUVECs.MethodsExosomes were isolated from conditioned media of HUVECs by ultracentrifugation after treatment with or without TNF‐α. HUVECs were treated with or without TNF‐α, or different concentrations of exosomes isolated from conditioned media with or without TNF‐α induction (TExo and CExo, respectively).ResultsThe results showed that TNF‐α significantly inhibited migration, tube formation, and increased apoptosis rate of HUVECs compared with controls. Furthermore, TNF‐α‐induced exosomes (TExo) rather than CExo, indicated similar effects to inhibit migration, tube formation and promote endothelial apoptosis. Although TNF‐α treatment did not show a statistical difference, TExo significantly inhibited extracellular OCR compared with controls. TExo could significantly inhibited intracellular OCR in a hypoxia condition. TNF‐α significantly increased L‐ECA compared with control cells, and TExo showed similar stimulative effect on L‐ECA.ConclusionsTNF‐α‐induced exosomes could significantly (a) change migration, tube formation, and apoptosis; (b) inhibit endothelial extracellular OCR and intracellular OCR (hypoxia); (c) increase glycolysis rate of the endothelial cells. These data provide new evidence for exploring endothelial behavior regulation using exosomes and their effects on endothelial metabolism and bioenergetics.
Nationalist cosmopolitanism: the psychology of cosmopolitanism, national identity, and going to war for the country
Authors: Bayram A. Burcu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA frequently expressed criticism of cosmopolitanism by liberal nationalist theorists is that its moral universalism is incompatible with national identity and patriotic obligations, defined as obligations to the nation and to fellow nationals. While some scholars of cosmopolitanism agree with this incompatibility argument, others contend that nationalism, cosmopolitanism, and patriotic duties are not rivals. However, few efforts have been made to examine the relationship between cosmopolitanism, nationalism, and patriotic obligations at the level of individual people. Drawing fresh insights from psychological approaches to social identity, I argue that cosmopolitan individuals have an integrated dual identity that embodies both nationalism and world citizenship, and this dual identity is compatible with patriotic obligations. Using data from the 2010–2014, round of the Word Values Survey, I show that cosmopolitans who identify as world citizens also identify with the nation and are willing to perform the ultimate patriotic sacrifice of going to war to defend their country. Upending certain convention wisdoms, this result indicates that cosmopolitan and national identities are compatible and cosmopolitan identity does not hinder patriotic obligations.
Effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in early life on the cumulative prevalence of allergic disease to 11 years
Authors: Wickens Kristin , Barthow Christine , Mitchell Edwin A. , Kang Janice , van Zyl Noleen , Purdie Gordon , Stanley Thorsten , Fitzharris Penny , Murphy Rinki , Crane Julian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn a two‐centre randomized placebo‐controlled trial of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 (HN001) (6 × 109 colony‐forming units [cfu]) or Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 (HN019) (9 × 109 cfu) taken daily from 35‐week gestation to 6 months’ post‐partum in mothers while breastfeeding and from birth to age 2 years in infants, we showed that HN001 significantly protected against eczema development at 2, 4 and 6 years and atopic sensitization at 6 years. There was no effect of HN019. We report here the findings for 11 year outcomes.MethodsAt age 11 years, eczema was defined as previously using the UK Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria. Asthma, wheeze, hay fever and rhinitis were defined based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questions. Atopic sensitization was defined as one or more positive responses (mean wheal diameter ≥3 mm) to a panel of food and aeroallergens. Analysis was intention‐to‐treat using hazard ratios to assess probiotic effects on the 11‐year lifetime prevalence and relative risks for point or 12‐month prevalence at 11 years.ResultsEarly childhood HN001 supplementation was associated with significant reductions in the 12‐month prevalence of eczema at age 11 years (relative risk [RR] = 0.46, 95% CI 0.25‐0.86, P = 0.015) and hay fever (RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.53‐1.00, P = 0.047). For the lifetime prevalence, HN001 was associated with a significant reduction in atopic sensitization (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71, 95% CI 0.51‐1.00, P = 0.048), eczema (HR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.41‐0.82, P = 0.002) and wheeze (HR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.57‐0.99, P = 0.046). HN019 had no significant effect on these outcomes.ConclusionThis is the first early probiotic intervention to show positive outcomes for at least the first decade of life across the spectrum of allergic disease.
Variation of flower opening and closing times in hybrids of evening flowering species Iris dichotoma and daytime flowering species Iris domestica
Authors: Liu Rong , Gao Yike , Ruan Lili , Fan Zhuping , Li Congcong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDifferent flowering and closing times within a diurnal period play a significant role in reproductive isolation. However, few studies focused on the genetics of flower opening and closing times within a day for the lack of suitable plant materials. Iris dichotoma opens in the afternoon and closes in the evening, while I. domestica opens in the early morning and closes at dusk. Moreover, they have overlapping flowering phenology and produce fertile hybrids, providing an extraordinary opportunity to study the genetics of flower opening and closing times within a day. To illuminate the genetic mechanism regulating flower opening and closing times, the flowering processes of I. dichotoma (Y), I. domestica (S), and their hybrids: F1, F2, F1 × S, Y × F1, (F1 × S) × F1 and F1 × (F1 × S) were observed. The results indicated that flower opening and closing times are controlled by different polygenes. For flower opening time, opening in the early morning as I. domestica is partial dominant to opening in the afternoon as I. dichotoma. For flower closing time, flower closure at dusk is dominant to closure in the evening.
Genetic variation in an orchardgrass population promises successful direct or indirect selection of superior drought tolerant genotypes
Authors: Abtahi Mozhgan , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Hoseini Behnam , Mirlohi Aghafakhr , Araghi Bahram , Hughes Nia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImprovement in drought tolerance is an important component of forage grass breeding. To assess the potential of selecting drought tolerant genotypes of orchardgrass, a polycross population was created in 2010 and evaluated in the field under normal and drought stress conditions during 2011–2013. Drought stress reduced performance in forage yield, growth characteristics, and most of the physiological traits measured, but increased carotenoid content, proline content, and the chlorophyll a/b ratio. High estimates of narrow‐sense heritability for chlorophyll and carotenoid content, as well as forage yield components, indicated that phenotypic selection would be successful in achieving genetic progress. Indirect selection to improve forage yield under drought stress conditions was efficient through selecting for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content. These physiological traits were also significantly associated with drought tolerance index. Overall, families 5, 7, 8, 13, 14 and 24 with high stress tolerance index values and high forage yield under both water conditions were identified as suitable families for breeding drought adaptive varieties.