bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homoérotismes et trames historiographiques du monde islamique
Authors: Dakhlia Jocelyne 
Published: May 2019

RésuméPlusieurs études récentes sont consacrées à la question de l’homoérotisme masculin dans le monde islamique, et elles concernent le monde arabe et ottoman aussi bien que l’Iran. Elles décrivent et analysent une situation de relative légitimité historique de l’homosocialité masculine et de l’homoérotisme, certes assortie de débats, question que l’on connaît notamment par la littérature et la poésie mais aussi par la mystique. Or, ces études ont en commun de révéler avec une grande acuité une forte tension en matière d’écriture de l’histoire dans la manière dont elles envisagent l’évolution de la sexualité et des rapports à l’Occident à cet égard. La thématique foucaldienne de l’invention de l’homosexuel(le) au XIXesiècle induit un schème explicite ou latent de l’« influence » occidentale au XIXesiècle et à l’heure des réformes nationalistes du XXesiècle, ce qui surdétermine dans une certaine mesure la problématique du «contact» avec les sociétés occidentales. Il en résulte une vision passablement traumatique de l’histoire de la sexualité dans l’ère contemporaine. En sens inverse, ces études, pour les périodes du premier âge moderne ou même médiéval, suggèrent volontiers une forte similarité des rapports à la sexualité dans le monde islamique et dans l’Europe chrétienne, avant la constitution catégorielle de l’homosexualité, mais repoussent alors la problématique de la « rupture » ultérieure avec l’homoérotisme et la question de sa périodisation dans une histoire politique et géopolitique toute contemporaines.
Michel Foucault, l’économie politique et le libéralisme
Authors: Grenier Jean-Yves , Orléan André 
Published: May 2019

RésuméDans les deux cours qu’il donna entre 1977 et 1979 au Collège de France(Sécurité, territoire, populationetNaissance de la biopolitique), Michel Foucault entreprend d’étudier la « gouvernementalité », c’est-à-dire le mode de gouvernement des populations. Délaissant la dimension disciplinaire explorée dansSurveiller et punir(1975), il s’intéresse au libéralisme et aux mécanismes d’auto-limitation gouvernementale. Cet article étudie la façon dont Michel Foucault mobilise à cet effet l’économie politique, qu’il s’agisse de l’économie politique du XVIIIesiècle, de l’ordo-libéralisme allemand ou des théories américaines du capital humain. Il met en évidence l’inventivité conceptuelle dont fait preuve le philosophe mais aussi les contradictions auxquelles il se heurte quand il entend poser l’économie comme la gouvernementalité par excellence. L’article s’achève par une interrogation sur les raisons d’un intérêt si marqué pour le libéralisme, montrant comment ce détour expérimental permet à Michel Foucault de penser autrement et de façon radicale l’autonomie du sujet.
De bonnes idées en quête de nombres: Réponse à Gilles Postel-Vinay et R. Bin Wong
Authors: Lindert Peter H. 
Published: May 2019

RésuméDans un livre marquant –Growing public– Peter Lindert propose d’analyser les dépenses publiques de redistribution en examinant l’économie politique des mesures prises dans un large éventail de pays au cours des trois derniers siècles. L’ambition est de rendre compte de l’histoire des politiques sociales, du rythme de leur développement, de leurs variations d’un pays à l’autre et des effets qu’elles ont eus.Par l’éclairage nouveau qu’il apporte sur l’histoire de cet ensemble de transferts – des dépenses d’assistance aux pauvres ou d’éducation jusqu’aux formes actuelles de sécurité sociale –, le livre appelle au débat. Comme l’auteur a construit son enquête sur un modèle dont il dégage les éléments à partir de l’examen minutieux des expériences divergentes des pays d’Europe de l’ouest depuis le XVIIIesiècle, une façon de mettre à l’épreuve sa démarche consiste à se demander si ses conclusions sont tributaires des limites spatiales et temporelles qu’il a retenues. C’est ce que tentent ici R. Bin Wong et Gilles Postel-Vinay. L’un déplace l’analyse vers d’autres espaces – en l’occurrence la Chine – l’autre revient sur les expériences européennes soit en les situant dans une durée plus longue soit en faisant varier l’échelle de l’analyse pour se situer au niveau le plus décentralisé auquel sont prises les décisions. Peter Lindert répond à l’un et l’autre.
Richard Taylor. Alzheimer's from the Inside Out. Baltimore: Health Professions Press, 2006.
Authors: Gorman Maureen 
Published: May 2019

RÉSUMÉLe Dr Richard Taylor est devenu le héro et le modèle de rôle de ce réviseur, à titre de psychologue qui entreprend maintenant son voyage dans les étapes intermédiaires de la maladie d'Alzheimer. Même si cela peut sembler improbable, M. Taylor est de fait le parfait exemple du modèle scientifique-praticien en psychologie qui mise beaucoup sur son expertise en recherche (compilant systématiquement ses notes et les classant à l'aide de l'informatique), et il est comme un observateur attentif et un professeur qui l'aide à formuler sa «méthode d'enquête» afin de créer une étude phénoménologique de son expérience comme participant-observateur dans un milieu naturaliste. Ici, les milieux autour desquels s'articule sa documentation comprennent notamment l'esprit de M. Taylor (ses pensées et ses sentiments), les liens de rapports mutuels avec sa famille, ses amis et ses fournisseurs de soins professionnels, et son environnement physique. Il associe toutes ces données à un excellent matériel documentaire d'appoint, et envoie aux fournisseurs de soins de santé professionnels, aux membres des familles et aux personnes souffrant de la maladie d'Alzheimer le message qu'il faut prendre des mesures visant à défendre et à faire valoir les intérêts de ces personnes, afin de mieux comprendre la maladie et les soins à donner aux personnes qui en sont atteintes.
Do findings from new trials for schizophrenia fit with existing evidence: not duped … just beguiled?
Authors: Adams Clive E. , Jayaram Mahesh 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNo treatment has caused a greater revolution in the treatment of people with schizophrenia than chlorpromazine. The new generation of drugs has been embraced by psychiatry with an enthusiasm fostered by the unmet needs of both patients and industry. Recent, independently funded trials have highlighted already existing data illustrating how the new antipsychotics drugs are an additional advance but not a revolution. In this story there are lessons for psychiatry to opt for science rather than seduction.
The future of specialist community teams in the care of those with severe mental illness
Authors: Tyrer Peter 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAims – Specialist interventions in community psychiatry for severe mental illness are expanding and their place needs to be re-examined. Methods – Recent literature is reviewed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of specialist teams. Results – Good community mental health services reduce drop out from care, prevent suicide and unnatural deaths, and reduce admission to hospital. Most of these features have been also demonstrated by assertive community outreach and crisis resolution teams when good community services are not available. In well established community services assertive community teams do not reduce admission but both practitioners and patients prefer this service to other approaches and it leads to better engagement. Crisis resolution teams appear to be more successful than assertive community teams in preventing admission to hospital, although head- to-head comparisons have not yet been made. All specialist teams have the potential of fragmenting services and thereby reducing continuity of care. Conclusions – The assets of improved engagement and greater satisfaction with assertive, crisis resolution and home treatment teams are clear from recent evidence, but to improve integration of services they are probably best incorporated into community mental health services rather than standing alone.Declaration of Interest: The author has been the sole consultant in two assertive outreach teams since 1994 and might there- fore be expected to be in favour of this genre of service. He has received grants for evaluation of different services models from the Department of Health (UK) and the Medical Research Council (UK).
Psychometric properties of the SESM, Italian version of the “Consumer constructed Scale to measure empowerment among users of mental health services” (Rogers et al., 1997)
Authors: Straticò Ettore , Mirabella Fiorino , Espositi Marco Degli , Morosini Pierluigi 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAims – To present the psychometric properties of the “Consumer–constructed Scale to measure empowerment” (Rogers et al., 1997 ) Italian version. Methods – After briefly recollecting “history”, contents and psychometric features of the original scale, proceeding from Stratico & Degli Esposti's translation (2002), in this paper, the psychometric properties of the Italian version are described. The text of the instrument has been brought for discussion in a users' focus group and subsequently tested for reliability study; a second focus group followed to reach the definitive Italian version. Results – The Italian version of the Scale, consists of 28 items, showed an adequate internal consistency and reliability both for the whole scale and for most of the items, which have shown to have also good discriminative capacity. Conclusions – SESM can be an useful instrument to give empiric evidence supporting empowerment concept. Considering the results, it can be a qualifying and irreplaceable instrument for “empowered condition” evaluation.Declaration of Interest: no grants and financial support received for the study.
The economics of mental health in the workplace: what do we know and where do we go?
Authors: McDaid David 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo provide an overview of the economic impact of poor mental health in the workplace and assess the extent to which economic evaluation has been used to further the case for investment in workplace based mental health programmes. Rapid scoping review of published and grey literature. The socio-economic costs of poor mental health in the workplace are substantial but conservative, as few studies have included productivity losses from work cutback, as well as absenteeism. While few economic evaluations of workplace based mental health interventions were identified, the available evidence base suggests that they have the potential to be highly cost effective. Much of this evidence may be from the US and be less applicable elsewhere; it may also have been solely published in company documents making assessment of methodological quality difficult. The potential economic case for workplace based mental health interventions appears good. More collaboration between policy makers and the private sector would help facilitate rigorous and transparent economic evaluations. A number of evaluations are planned. The challenge is to build on these initiatives, in order to address what remains a major gap in our knowledge on the economics of mental health.
Regionalised Tertiary Psychiatric Residential Facilities
Authors: Lesage Alain , Groden David , Goldner Elliot M. , Gelinas Daniel , Arnold Leslie M. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAims– Psychiatric hospitals remain the main venue for long-term mental health care and, despite widespread closures and downsizing, no country that built asylums in the last century has done away with them entirely – with the recent exception of Italy. Differentiated community-based residential alternatives have been developed over the past decades, with staffing levels that range from full-time professional, to daytime only, to part-time/on-call.Methods– This paper reviews the characteristics of community-based psychiatric residential care facilities as an alternative to long-term care in psychiatric hospitals. It describes five factors decision makers should consider: 1. number of residential places needed; 2. staffing levels; 3. physical setting; 4. programming; and 5. governance and financing.Results– In Italy, facilities with full-time professional staff have been developed since the mid-1990s to accommodate the last cohorts of patients discharged from psychiatric hospitals. In the United Kingdom, experiments withhostel wardssince the 1980s have shown that home-like, small-scale facilities with intensive treatment and rehabilitation programming can be effective for the most difficult-to-place patients. More recently in Australia,Community Care Units(CCUs) have been applying this concept. In the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC),Tertiary Psychiatric Residential Facilities (TPRFs)have been developed as part of an effort to regionalise health and social services and downsize and ultimately close its only psychiatric hospital.Conclusions– This type of service must be further developed in addition to the need for forensic, acute-care and intermediate-level beds, as well as for community-based care such as assertive community treatment and intensive case management. All these types of services, together with long-term community-based residential care, constitute the elements of a balanced mental health care system. As part of a region's balanced mental health care plan, these Tertiary Psychiatric Care Facilities have the potential to act as hubs of expertise not only for treatment, rehabilitation, community integration and ser-vice co-ordination for the severely mentally ill, but also for research and training.Declaration of Interest: None.
Slab Horizontal Subduction and Slab Tearing Beneath East Asia
Authors: Ma Pengfei , Liu Shaofeng , Gurnis Michael , Zhang Bo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present‐day architecture of subducted slabs in the mantle as inferred from seismic tomography is a record of plate tectonics through geological time. The unusually large slab that lies nearly horizontally above the 660‐km mantle discontinuity beneath East Asia is presumably from subduction of the Pacific plate. Numerical models have been used to explore the mechanical and geophysical factors that contribute to slab stagnation, but the evolution of this horizontal structure is not fully understood because of uncertainties in the plate‐tectonic history and mantle heterogeneity. Here we show that forward mantle‐flow models constrained by updated tectonic reconstructions can essentially fit major features in the seismic tomography beneath East Asia. Specifically, significant tearing propagated through the subducted western Pacific slab as the Philippine Sea plate rotated clockwise during the Miocene, leading to internal slab segmentation. We believe this tearing associated with Philippine Sea plate rotation also affects the horizontal configuration of slabs.
Evolution of the Great Whirl Using an Altimetry‐Based Eddy Tracking Algorithm
Authors: Melzer B.A. , Jensen T.G. , Rydbeck A.V. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwenty‐three years of Archiving, Validation, and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data absolute dynamic topography and HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model sea surface height were analyzed with a focus on interannual variability of the Indian Southwest Monsoon in the southwest Arabian Sea. A new algorithm for identification and tracking of the Great Whirl (GW) is presented, which better accounts for the gyre's embedded environment than traditional mesoscale eddy tracking algorithms that use sea level observations. Based on this algorithm, the GW exhibits an average life span of 198 days, which is considerably longer than previous estimates, attributed primarily to a later termination date. A climatology of the GW evolution is created, peaking in early September. This study suggests a possible periodicity of the upper ocean structure during the mature phase of the GW and also highlights the sporadic nature of the decay phase.
Small‐Scale Aurora Associated With Magnetospheric Flow Vortices After a Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Decrease
Authors: Zhao Huayu , Zhou Xu‐Zhi , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Weygand James M. , Shi Quanqi , Liu Ying , Yao Zhonghua , Wang Yongfu , Shen Xiao‐Chen , Ren Jie , Liu Han , Tian Anmin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSudden changes of the solar wind dynamic pressure have significant impacts on the dynamics of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. On 18 February 2011, a sudden decrease in solar wind dynamic pressure was observed by the Wind satellite, which drove the entire magnetosphere‐ionosphere system as recorded in many ground‐based and space‐based measurements. In the magnetosphere, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft observed a counterclockwise plasma flow vortex propagating tailward. Near the magnetic footprints of the THEMIS spacecraft, the ground magnetometers observed magnetic field variations that corresponded to a counterclockwise vortex in the equivalent ionospheric currents, which in turn indicated the presence of upward field‐aligned currents. The all‐sky imager at RANK station near the THEMIS footprints also observed a simultaneous enhancement of the auroral brightness. Therefore, this comprehensive case study demonstrates a causal chain that links the solar wind dynamic pressure variations to magnetospheric, ionospheric, and auroral activities.
Proton and Electron Injection Path at Geosynchronous Altitude
Authors: Nagai T. , Shinohara I. , Singer H. J. , Rodriguez J. , Onsager T. G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing tens to hundreds of keV proton and electron flux measurements and simultaneous magnetic field measurements from three Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites [GOES‐13 (75°W), GOES‐14 (105°W), and GOES‐15 (135°W)], we investigate proton and electron injections and their relationship to the substorm current wedge at geosynchronous altitude. Proton and electron injection processes occur only in the initial formation of the substorm current wedge, the width of which is less than 2 hr in local time in the premidnight region, for moderate substorms. Proton injections are closely related to the formation of a substorm current wedge at geosynchronous altitude, and thus the onset of a substorm, even before local dipolarization in the magnetic field. Proton injections take place only under the western upward field‐aligned currents of the current wedge. Electron injections in the energy range of <100 keV are tightly coupled with local dipolarization in the magnetic field, and these take place mostly in the central region of the current wedge, extending in the region under the western upward field‐aligned currents.
The Solar and Interplanetary Causes of Superstorms (Minimum Dst ≤ −250 nT) During the Space Age
Authors: Meng Xing , Tsurutani Bruce T. , Mannucci Anthony J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA comprehensive study of all superstorms (minimum Dst ≤ −250 nT) occurring during the space age (after 1957) and their interplanetary and solar causes has been performed. Most superstorms were driven solely by the sheath preceding an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) or by a combination of the sheath and an ICME magnetic cloud. Only one superstorm was driven solely by a magnetic cloud. There were two superstorms caused by “compound events” with two magnetic cloud events followed by sheaths (see erratum text at the end of this article). No superstorms in this study were induced by corotating interaction regions. For the interplanetary shocks antisunward of the ICMEs, the shock normal angles were almost all quasi‐perpendicular. Quasi‐perpendicular shocks theoretically cause greater sheath magnetic field intensities than do quasi‐parallel shocks. Larger shock normal angles statistically corresponded to greater superstorm intensities. Ninety percent of the superstorms occurred either near solar maximum or during the declining phase, 8% of the superstorms occurred during the ascending phase, and 2% of the superstorms occurred during solar minimum. Fifty‐four percent of the superstorms were associated with X‐class solar flares, 36% were associated with M‐class flares, and 5% with C‐class flares. All solar flares related to superstorms occurred in active regions, indicating the importance of active regions to superstorms. Most flares were located in the central meridian or slightly west of it as expected. Two superstorms were caused by limb flares, one on the west limb (confirmed) and the other on the east limb (unconfirmed). The confirmed event was a sheath event led by a Mach 4.1 shock.
The Effect of Water Depth and Internal Geometry on the Turbulent Flow Inside a Coral Reef
Authors: Asher Shai , Shavit Uri 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe flow of water through coral reefs controls the transport of mass, momentum, and energy and, as a result, affects key processes such as feeding, photosynthesis, and reproduction. While it is often analyzed as a typical canopy flow, the flow through coral reefs is different from both terrestrial and aquatic canopies. A combination of a nonuniform vertical distribution of porosity and resistance and variations in relative submergence generates regions of high‐velocity gradients, increased integral length scales and instabilities which have not previously been quantified in detail. Here we report on velocity measurements inside and above a laboratory reef made of 81 Pocillopora Meandrina skeletons, for a range of relative submergence and flow rates. Under the action of a pressure gradient, the mean velocity shows an increase in the wake zone, generating a potential source for mixing due to a second inflection point. Unlike classical boundary layers and other canopy flows, a quadrant analysis shows that the number of inward/outward interactions events is larger than sweeps/ejections inside the canopy wake zone, due to the sign change in the mean velocity gradient. The vertical distribution of the integral length scales shows a local maximum in the lower part of the wake zone. Finally, under fully submerged conditions, the stream‐wise turbulent energy spectra inside the reef follow an approximate
, as opposed to the expected
behavior above the reef. Under near‐emergent conditions, no fit to such a power law could be obtained.
Optimal Precursors Triggering the Kuroshio Intrusion Into the South China Sea Obtained by the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation Approach
Authors: Liang Peng , Mu Mu , Wang Qiang , Yang Lina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Kuroshio Intrusion (KI) into the South China Sea (SCS) is a key process that greatly modulates the variability of dominant phenomena in the northern SCS. Using the Regional Ocean Modeling System, the optimal precursor (OPR) triggering the KI is obtained by the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation (CNOP) approach. The OPRs exhibit the anticyclonic eddies (AEs) spatial pattern in the southern region (19°N–20.3°N, 119°E–122°E) of the Luzon Strait. The evolution processes of the OPRs indicate that the northwestward movement and rapid growth of AEs force the Kuroshio to bend westward continuously, which leads to the transition of the Kuroshio path from leaping state to intruding state. Eddy‐energetic analyses suggested that the barotropic instabilities are responsible for the evolution of the OPRs and thus triggering the KI, while the local wind stress plays a minor role in the triggering process. Additional examinations based on satellite altimeter data and ocean reanalysis data further confirm that the AE‐like perturbation similar to the obtained OPR indeed plays a key role in the KI triggering process.