bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holographic drag force with translational symmetry breaking
Authors: Tahery Sara , Bitaghsir Fadafan Kazem , Mojarrad Lamanjouei Sahar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In order to investigate how the drag force is affected by translational symmetry breaking (TSB), we utilize a holographic model in which the background metric remains translational symmetric while a graviton mass or other fields in the theory break this symmetry. We calculate analytically the drag force, considering an asymptotic

$$\hbox {AdS}_5$$

AdS
5

in which parameter

$$\alpha $$

α

arises from TSB. This parameter can be intuitively understood as a measure of TSB strength and we anticipate that non-zero values of it will affect the drag force. In this asymptotic

$$\hbox {AdS}_5$$

AdS
5

background, we will demonstrate that a decrease in

$$\alpha $$

α

results in a reduction of the drag force. Moreover, we study the diffusion constant, which falls with increasing

$$\alpha $$

α

. It will eventually be shown that at lower values of

$$\alpha $$

α

or

$$\mu $$

μ

(chemical potential), the transverse diffusion coefficient is larger than the longitudinal one, and the speed of the heavy quark has minimal impact on the ratio.
Inflation models with Peccei–Quinn symmetry and axion kinetic misalignment
Authors: Lee Hyun Min , Menkara Adriana G. , Seong Myeong-Jung , Song Jun-Ho 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We propose a consistent framework with the U(1) Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry for obtaining the initial condition for axion kinetic misalignment from inflation. We introduce a PQ complex scalar field and an extra Higgs doublet, which are conformally coupled to gravity, and three right-handed neutrinos for the seesaw mechanism. In the DFSZ type scenarios for the axion, we obtain the PQ anomalies from the Standard Model quarks carrying nonzero PQ charges in some of two Higgs doublet models, solving the strong CP problem by the QCD potential for the axion. Assuming that the PQ symmetry is explicitly violated in the scalar potential by quantum gravity effects, we show that a sufficiently large initial axion velocity can be obtained before the QCD phase transition while avoiding the axion quality problem. As inflation is driven by the radial distance from the origin in the space of scalar fields close to the pole of the kinetic terms in the Einstein frame, we obtain successful inflationary predictions and set the initial axion velocity at the end of inflation. Focusing on the pure PQ inflation with a small running quartic coupling for the PQ field, we discuss the post-inflationary dynamics for the inflaton and the axion. As a result, we show that a sufficiently high reheating temperature can be obtained dominantly from the Higgs-portal couplings to the PQ field, while being consistent with axion kinetic misalignment, the stability for the Higgs fields during inflation and the non-restoration of the PQ symmetry after reheating.
Discovery of BBO-8520, a First-In-Class Direct and Covalent Dual Inhibitor of GTP-Bound (ON) and GDP-Bound (OFF) KRASG12C
Authors: Maciag Anna E. , Stice James P. , Wang Bin , Sharma Alok K. , Chan Albert H. , Lin Ken , Singh Devansh , Dyba Marcin , Yang Yue , Setoodeh Saman , Smith Brian P. , Ju Jin Hyun , Jeknic Stevan , Rabara Dana , Zhang Zuhui , Larsen Erik K. , Esposito Dominic , Denson John-Paul , Ranieri Michela , Meynardie Mary , Mehdizadeh Sadaf , Alexander Patrick A. , Abreu Blanco Maria , Turner David M. , Xu Rui , Lightstone Felice C. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Stephen Andrew G. , Wang Keshi , Simanshu Dhirendra K. , Sinkevicius Kerstin W. , Nissley Dwight V. , Wallace Eli , McCormick Frank , Beltran Pedro J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Approved inhibitors of KRASG12C prevent oncogenic activation by sequestering the inactive, GDP-bound (OFF) form rather than directly binding and inhibiting the active, GTP-bound (ON) form. This approach provides no direct target coverage of the active protein. Expectedly, adaptive resistance to KRASG12C (OFF)-only inhibitors is observed in association with increased expression and activity of KRASG12C(ON). To provide optimal KRASG12C target coverage, we have developed BBO-8520, a first-in-class, direct dual inhibitor of KRASG12C(ON) and (OFF) forms. BBO-8520 binds in the Switch-II/Helix3 pocket, covalently modifies the target cysteine, and disables effector binding to KRASG12C(ON). BBO-8520 exhibits potent signaling inhibition in growth factor–activated states, in which current (OFF)-only inhibitors demonstrate little measurable activity. In vivo, BBO-8520 demonstrates rapid target engagement and inhibition of signaling, resulting in durable tumor regression in multiple models, including those resistant to KRASG12C(OFF)-only inhibitors. BBO-8520 is in phase 1 clinical trials in patients with KRASG12C non–small cell lung cancer.

Significance:
BBO-8520 is a first-in-class direct, small molecule covalent dual inhibitor that engages KRASG12C in the active (ON) and inactive (OFF) conformations. BBO-8520 represents a novel mechanism of action that allows for optimal target coverage and delays the emergence of adaptive resistance seen with (OFF)-only inhibitors in the clinic.
Association of T-Cell Phenotypes With Peri-Coronary Inflammation in People With and Without HIV and Without Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Freeman Michael L. , Hossain Mian B. , Burrowes Shana A.B. , Jeudy Jean , Diaz-Mendez Felisa , Mitchell Sarah E. , Prabhu Sumanth D. , Lederman Michael M. , Bagchi Shashwatee 
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:
Persistent immune activation is linked to elevated cardiovascular diseases in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy. The fat attenuation index (FAI) is a measure of peri-coronary inflammation that independently predicts cardiovascular disease risk in people without HIV. Whether FAI is associated with immune activation is unknown.

METHODS:
Peripheral blood T-cell activation and homing phenotypes were measured in people with HIV (n=58) and people without HIV (n=16) without known cardiovascular disease who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography and had FAI measurements. A cross-sectional analysis of an observational cohort was performed. The primary aim was to evaluate associations of T-cell activation and phenotypes with the outcome variables, FAI values of the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery, which were assessed using multivariable regression models adjusted for age, natal sex, race, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, and use of lipid-lowering medication.

RESULTS:
T cells from people with HIV showed greater activation, as measured by cluster of differentiation (CD) 38/human leukocyte antigen – DR isotype coexpression on CD4 central memory and terminally-differentiated effector memory subsets and on CD8 effector memory (TEM), than did cells from people without HIV. Expression of the chemokine receptor C-C Chemokine Receptor 2 was reduced on CD4 central memory and TEM and CD8 TEM and terminally-differentiated effector memory subsets in people with HIV. Among all participants, PD-1 (programmed cell death 1) in CD8 central memory was associated with worsened peri-coronary inflammation of the right coronary artery, whereas perforin/granzyme B on CD8 TEM was associated with improved peri-coronary inflammation of the right coronary artery and left anterior descending artery in adjusted analyses. When accounting for HIV serostatus, CD38/human leukocyte antigen – DR isotype coexpression on CD8 central memory, TEM, and terminally-differentiated effector memory cells was associated with more peri-coronary inflammation of the left anterior descending artery.

CONCLUSIONS:
The associations between T-cell activation with FAI are novel and suggest that T-cell activation may be an important driver of peri-coronary inflammation, occurring at an early stage of atherosclerosis, even before the development of clinical disease.
Population demographics of the maternal Darevskia Arribas, 1999 species D. raddei (Boettger, 1892) from eastern Türkiye
Authors: Beşer Nurettin , Kumlutaş Yusuf , Ilgaz Çetin , Candan Kamil , Üzüm Nazan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Darevskia raddei complex shares mtDNA with five out of seven parthenogenetic Darevskia species. The animal‘s distribution range includes Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran and Türkiye, and it possibly also occurs in Turkmenistan. Despite its evolutionary and ecological importance, this species has not been studied demographically and naturally no comparisons have been made among the parthenogenetic lineages. Here, we document the life history of five D. raddei populations mainly by using skeletochronology. The minimum age for all populations was calculated to be three years old. After three hibernations, they grow beyond 40 mm of snout-vent length. There were significant age differences between sexes in two of the populations studied. However, no body size difference between sexes was calculated in all populations. In some cases age and body size were significantly different between populations. In none of the results there was a relation with the altitude or climate of the distribution area. The average and maximum ages were found to be higher in populations from all studied parthenogenetic species with which D. raddei is related.
Decolonising Arctic Archives: a Research Agenda
Authors: Johnstone Rachael Lorna , Seiding Inge Høst 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article explores the legal arguments and historic claims regarding the return of archives to the Peoples in the Arctic about whom they pertain. It calls for international lawyers to work with archival theorists and practitioners to explore the law of decolonisation and its potential application to cases of displaced archives in the Arctic. Peoples in the Arctic who have experienced colonisation have outstanding claims – some formalised, others latent – to return of records compiled by colonial authorities about them. Their claims differ in important ways from historic precedents from other parts of the world, in particular, those of newly independent States.
How to Address Regulatory Gap for Transboundary Oil Pollution from Offshore Installations in the Arctic
Authors: Basaran Ilker , Nyman Elizabeth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Offshore oil production has experienced a post-Covid surge, and this upward trend is expected to continue in new and challenging locations, such as the Arctic Ocean which holds significant hydrocarbon reserves. Despite active drilling by Russia and Norway in the region, the legal framework for offshore oil production in the Arctic Ocean lacks a comprehensive legal liability regime for transboundary oil pollution from offshore installations. This research highlights the urgent need to address this regulatory gap and develop a legal framework that can accommodate the increased level of activity in the region while protecting the fragile Arctic ecosystem.
Orchestrating Peace in the “Final Frontier”: Critical Thinking as Arctic and Antarctic Activities Evolve
Authors: Weeks Edythe E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The term “final frontier” is normally used for outer space. However, the polar regions are likely to become ice free in the not-too-far-off future. Perhaps these locations will be our final, or next frontiers. Interests and activities are intensifying in the polar regions, especially since both polar ice caps are melting at accelerated rates. Polar lands and their natural resources are increasingly becoming ice free, territorial claims and discussions over territories are intensifying – in both the Arctic and Antarctica. This paper asserts that polar colonization and development scenarios are evolving. This is the time to apply critical thinking and critical international relations theory to assess current dynamics and factors happening concerning these regions. Similarly, discursive, legal, economic and military practices concerning rights to territories and natural resources in outer space are also beginning to escalate. Critical international relations scholars have provided detailed explanations so that we can understand connections between scrambles, colonization and development scenarios have helped produce various problems for humanity. Examples include conflict, poverty, war, inequality and environmental degradation, militarization, land and nature resource exploitation and expropriation. Future paradigms may be decided by economic concessions, geopolitical chess moves, or military strategy decision-making talents and processes. We do not have to continually wait until after-the-fact to address predictable patterns. This paper discusses several critical approaches to the study of international relations and their applicability to both polar regions, and outer space. In addition, it expresses the view that we can reimagine what our world might be like if past colonization and development scenarios had involved assurance mechanisms for equality, sustainability, elimination of conflict and widening inequality gaps, as well as social and financial equality. We can achieve higher levels of human freedom, prosperity and realizable opportunity for all people, as humanity advances its ongoing and future colonization and development projects.
The Roots ‮מצ″י‬‎ and ‮מצ″ץ‬‎ in the Psalms according to the Babylonian Tradition
Authors: Atkinson Ian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The root ‮מצ″י‬‎ occurs twice in the Psalter in the Tiberian tradition. Ps 73:10 contains the niphal ‮יִמָּצוּ‬‎, while the qal ‮יִמְצוּ‬‎ is read in Ps 75:9. Half of the Babylonian manuscripts containing Ps 73:10 exhibit a different morphology, possibly to avoid ambiguity between the intended root ‮מצ″י‬‎ and ‮מצ″א‬‎, though more likely derived from the geminate ‮מצ″ץ‬‎. The latter reading comes close to the commonly conjectured revocalisation, ‮יָמֹצּוּ‬‎, though the niphal is almost certainly in view, rather than the supposed qal. Four out of six Babylonian manuscripts containing Ps 75:9 also provide a unique reading in comparison to the Tiberian tradition. Two are identical to their forms in Ps 73:10, while one possibly contains the niphal ‮מצ″י‬‎ (as the Tiberian ‮יִמָּצוּ‬‎ in Ps 73:10) and another definitely does so. These four manuscripts provide previously undocumented Hebrew manuscript support for the LXX’s syntax, with the passive ἐξεκενώθη.
Changing Mathematics Education Practice: a Systematic Review of Mathematics Education Implementation Research in the Nordic Countries
Authors: Ratnayake Iresha Gayani , Ahl Linda Marie , Prytz Johan , Jankvist Uffe Thomas 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This review paper systematically examines implementation research studies reported in the journals of the Nordic countries focusing on mathematics education innovations implemented in Nordic countries over the past three decades. We aimed to identify the types of innovations reported, the objectives of the research and the scale of the projects. Our review categorized the innovations into four types: new teaching methods, new tools, new learning methods, and curriculum reforms and textbook innovations. The most frequently reported innovation was implementing new teaching methods. Our findings reveal that the majority of papers are to be found in NOMAD and SJER, and that studies reported here focus on small implementation research projects, either as parts of larger initiatives or as standalone experiments. One observation is, however, many reports lack details on the intentions or challenges of scaling up these projects.
The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.27153099.
Development of a Low-Cost, 3D-Printed, Aspirated Air Temperature Measurement Radiation Shield
Authors: Deford Lexi , Stoll Rob , Pardyjak Eric R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Accurate measurement of ambient air temperature is critical to numerous applications. This task is complicated by solar radiation which can heat the air temperature sensor body, causing it to record temperatures in excess of the true air temperature. The standard way to protect against this interference is to house the sensors in passive radiation shields which block the majority of solar radiation. However, solar radiation still heats the shield body which can then heat the sensor, causing measurement errors under low wind conditions. An alternative method is to aspirate the sensor using a fan to force air movement over the sensor body. Aspirated temperature sensing units are commercially available, but they can be expensive and consume a significant amount of power. Here, we present the design and initial rigorous testing of a low-cost, low-power aspirated temperature sensing unit designed to integrate with any low-cost distributed sensor platform. The design uses a freely available, custom-designed 3D-printed housing that enables rapid assembly. The new, open-source unit is shown to perform as well as passive shields and commercial aspirated shields of significantly higher cost. This success shows the potential of leveraging 3D printing technologies for other housing units. Further testing is needed to better quantify the long-term robustness of the shield.

Significance Statement
This paper describes a low-cost open-source aspirated radiation shield for accurately measuring air temperatures. While aspirated shields exist commercially, they can be expensive and energy intensive. The design presented here can be easily fabricated with an inexpensive low-power fan and low-cost 3D printing capabilities. The design results in temperature measurements that compare well with more expensive options.
The Effect of Intervention Preference Matching on Outcomes and Engagement in a Post-cessation Weight Management Trial
Authors: Day Kelsey , Solomon Erin , Zoellner Jamie , Bursac Zoran , Krukowski Rebecca A. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose This study examined the effect of intervention treatment preference in a post-smoking cessation weight management trial. Design & Setting Participants were randomized to a weight management intervention (Stability, Loss, or Bibliotherapy); all participants received a standard smoking cessation program. Adults aged 18+ were recruited from Memphis, TN, and nationally. Participants Individuals were eligible if they had a BMI of 22 kg/m2 or greater. Measures Participants were asked about their preferred weight intervention at screening. Weight change and self-reported point-prevalence abstinence were assessed (Month 12). Participants rated perceived effectiveness, difficulty (screening, Month 2), and intervention satisfaction (Month 12). Analysis We examined the effect of intervention preference match on 12-month weight change, smoking cessation, perceived effectiveness, difficulty, and satisfaction. Results Participants (n = 305) were majority female (68%); white (52%); and had overweight/obesity (87%). At screening, most participants perceived the Loss intervention as most effective; at Month 2, Stability was perceived as most effective. The Stability intervention was perceived as easiest at screening and Month 2. Those who were matched to their treatment preference had greater 12-month weight loss, but similar rates of smoking cessation. Conclusions Participants who were matched to their preference were more successful in preventing post-cessation weight gain, compared to those who were not matched. Future research should systematically test intervention preference effects with the aim of precision health.
Analysis of mental health of healthcare workers and its influencing factors in three consecutive years
Authors: Chen Qili , Shen Shiyuan , Liang Yudan , Kong Lingen , Zhuang Shunzhi , Li Caiming 
Published: December 2024

Background Healthcare workers are an indispensable part of society, and a healthy mind and body are important to them, but today's exacerbation of psychological problems in healthcare, has attracted the attention of society. Objective This study spans two particular phases: the COVID-19 pandemic phase and the full liberalization of epidemic control. To explore trends in the mental health status of healthcare workers, particularly anxiety, depression and sleep quality, and to analyze the influencing factors and inform the development of interventions through data collection over three consecutive years. Methods A general information questionnaire, SAS, SDS, and PSQI were used to survey in-service healthcare workers in a regional tertiary care hospital for three consecutive years, and data were collected to cover multiple time points to observe trends in mental health and to synthesize and analyze potential influencing factors such as demographic characteristics. Results The SAS, SDS, and PSQI scores of the healthcare workers were significantly higher than the national norm. With psychological interventions, the incidence of depression and sleep problems decreased year by year, and the incidence of anxiety problems fluctuated little. Anxiety, depression and sleep problems are affected by a variety of factors, and healthcare workers whose gender is female, whose occupation is nurseing whose age is younger, whose job title is lower, and whose position is on the front line of epidemic prevention are more likely to have mental health problems. Conclusions This study identifies the severity and complexity of mental health problems among healthcare workers, analyzes their mental health needs and factors affecting mental health, and provides a scientific basis for providing psychological interventions.
Nomogram for Predicting Survival Post-Immune Therapy in Cholangiocarcinoma Based on Inflammatory Biomarkers
Authors: Jin Jianan , Mou Haibo , Zhou Yibin , Zhang Shiqi 
Published: December 2024

Background Immune therapy, especially involving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, has shown promise as a therapeutic option for cholangiocarcinoma. However, limited studies have evaluated survival outcomes in cholangiocarcinoma patients treated with immune therapy. This study aims to develop a predictive model to evaluate the survival benefits of immune therapy in patients with cholangiocarcinoma. Methods This retrospective analysis included 120 cholangiocarcinoma patients from Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with survival following immune therapy. A predictive model was constructed and validated using calibration curves (CC), decision curve analysis (DCA), concordance index (C-index), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Cox regression analysis identified several factors as potential predictors of survival post-immune therapy in cholangiocarcinoma: treatment cycle (<6 vs ≥ 6 months, 95% CI: 0.119-0.586, P = 0.001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR <3.08 vs ≥ 3.08, 95% CI: 1.864-9.624, P = 0.001), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA <4.13 vs ≥ 4.13, 95% CI: 1.175-5.321, P = 0.017), and presence of bone metastasis (95% CI: 1.306-6.848, P = 0.010). The nomogram model achieved good predictive accuracy with a C-index of 0.811. CC indicated strong concordance between the predicted and observed outcomes. Multi-timepoint ROC curves at 1, 2, and 3 years validated the model’s performance (1-year AUC: 0.906, 2-year AUC: 0.832, 3-year AUC: 0.822). The multi-timepoint DCA curves also demonstrated a higher net benefit compared to extreme curves. Conclusion The nomogram model, incorporating key risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma patients post-immune therapy, demonstrates robust predictive accuracy for survival outcomes, offering the potential for improved clinical decision-making.