bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Falsification by Atrophy: The Kuhnian Process of Rejecting Theory in US Criminology
Authors: Dooley Brendan D , Goodison Sean E 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThomas Kuhn posits that the structure of science promotes revolutionary discovery. The decision of a scientific community to discard the status quo in favour of a revolutionary paradigm is influenced by sociological forces. Karl Popper disagreed, arguing that falsification is required. An examination of a random sample of 501 articles published in 14 peer-reviewed American outlets in criminology and criminal justice from 1993 to 2008 is coupled with oral histories from 17 leading criminologists in determining which approach best characterizes criminology. Twelve per cent of papers falsify theory. When not explicitly falsified, atrophy occurs when theory is overused (exhaustion), ignored (indolence) and subjected to a sustained critique (assault). The intention of the effort is to document and describe falsification and then invite further discourse.
Epigenetic Associations With Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Chen Junyu , Huang Yunfeng , Hui Qin , Mathur Raina , Gwinn Marta , So-Armah Kaku , Freiberg Matthew S , Justice Amy C , Xu Ke , Marconi Vincent C , Sun Yan V 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have higher risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined by a reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Previous studies have implicated epigenetic changes related to CKD; however, the mechanism of HIV-related CKD has not been thoroughly investigated.

Methods
We conducted an epigenome-wide association study of eGFR among 567 HIV-positive and 117 HIV-negative male participants in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study to identify epigenetic signatures of kidney function.

Results
By surveying more than 400 000 cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites measured from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we identified 15 sites that were significantly associated with eGFR (false discovery rate Q value &lt; 0.05) among HIV-positive participants. The most significant CpG sites, located at MAD1L1, TSNARE1/BAI1, and LTV1, were all negatively associated with eGFR (cg06329547, P = 5.25 × 10–9; cg23281907, P = 1.37 × 10–8; cg18368637, P = 5.17 × 10–8). We also replicated previously reported eGFR-associated CpG sites including cg17944885 (P = 2.5 × 10–5) located between ZNF788 and ZNF20 on chromosome 19 in the pooled population.

Conclusions
In this study we uncovered novel epigenetic associations with kidney function among people living with HIV and suggest potential epigenetic mechanisms linked with HIV-related CKD risk.
Should endoscopic mucosal resection be attempted for cT2N0 esophageal cancer?
Authors: Nelson David B , Mitchell Kyle G , Weston Brian R , Betancourt Sonia , Maru Dipen , Rice David C , Mehran Reza J , Sepesi Boris , Antonoff Mara B , Walsh Garrett L , Swisher Stephen G , Roth Jack A , Vaporciyan Ara A , Blum Mariela , Hofstetter Wayne L 
Published: March 2019

SUMMARY
Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) can be an effective therapy for superficial esophageal cancer. Many patients with cT2 invasion by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) receive surgery but are subsequently found to have superficial disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety profile and the added value of attempting EMR for EUS-staged cT2N0 esophageal cancer. A retrospective review was performed at a single institution from 2008 to 2017. Patients who were staged cT2N0 by EUS were identified from a prospectively maintained surgical database. Among 75 patients identified for analysis, 30 underwent an attempt at EMR. No perforations or other immediate complications occurred. EMR was more likely to be attempted among older patients (P = 0.001) with smaller tumor size (P &lt; 0.001) and diminished SUVmax (P = 0.001). At the time of treatment, EMR was successful in clearing all known disease among 17/30 patients, with 12 representing pT1a or less and 5 representing pT1b with negative margins. Among the 17 patients for whom EMR was able to clear all known disease, there were no recurrences or cancer-related deaths. Although all the patients were staged as cT2N0 by EUS, many patients were identified by EMR to have superficial disease. There were no perforations or other adverse events related to EMR. Furthermore, EMR cleared all known disease among 17 patients with no known recurrences or cancer-related deaths. The results indicate that EMR for cT2N0 esophageal cancer is a safe diagnostic option that is therapeutic for some.
Long-term prognostic utility of computed tomography coronary angiography in older populations
Authors: Gnanenthiran Sonali R , Naoum Christopher , Leipsic Jonathon A , Achenbach Stephan , Al-Mallah Mouaz H , Andreini Daniele , Bax Jeroen J , Berman Daniel S , Budoff Matthew J , Cademartiri Filippo , Callister Tracy Q , Chang Hyuk-Jae , Chinnaiyan Kavitha , Chow Benjamin J W , Cury Ricardo C , DeLago Augustin , Feuchtner Gudrun , Hadamitzky Martin , Hausleiter Joerg , Kaufman Philipp A , Kim Yong-Jin , Maffei Erica , Marques Hugo , de Araújo Gonçalves Pedro , Pontone Gianluca , Raff Gilbert L , Rubinshtein Ronen , Shaw Leslee J , Villines Todd C , Gransar Heidi , Lu Yao , Jones Erica C , Peña Jessica M , Lin Fay Y , Kritharides Leonard , Min James K 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
The long-term prognostic value of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)-identified coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been evaluated in elderly patients (≥70 years). We compared the ability of coronary CCTA to predict 5-year mortality in older vs. younger populations.

Methods and results
From the prospective CONFIRM (COronary CT Angiography EvaluatioN For Clinical Outcomes: An InteRnational Multicenter) registry, we analysed CCTA results according to age <70 years (n = 7198) vs. ≥70 years (n = 1786). The severity of CAD was classified according to: (i) maximal stenosis degree per vessel: none, non-obstructive (1–49%), or obstructive (>50%); (ii) segment involvement score (SIS): number of segments with plaque. Cox-proportional hazard models assessed the relationship between CCTA findings and time to mortality. At a mean 5.6 ± 1.1 year follow-up, CCTA-identified CAD predicted increased mortality compared with patients with a normal CCTA in both <70 years [non-obstructive hazard ratio (HR) confidence interval (CI): 1.70 (1.19–2.41); one-vessel: 1.65 (1.03–2.67); two-vessel: 2.24 (1.21–4.15); three-vessel/left main: 4.12 (2.27–7.46), P < 0.001] and ≥70 years [non-obstructive: 1.84 (1.15–2.95); one-vessel: HR (CI): 2.28 (1.37–3.81); two-vessel: 2.36 (1.33–4.19); three-vessel/left main: 2.41 (1.33–4.36), P = 0.014]. Similarly, SIS was predictive of mortality in both <70 years [SIS 1–3: 1.57 (1.10–2.24); SIS ≥4: 2.42 (1.65–3.57), P < 0.001] and ≥70 years [SIS 1–3: 1.73 (1.07–2.79); SIS ≥4: 2.45 (1.52–3.93), P < 0.001]. CCTA findings similarly predicted long-term major adverse cardiovascular outcomes (MACE) (all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and late revascularization) in both groups compared with patients with no CAD.

Conclusion
The presence and extent of CAD is a meaningful stratifier of long-term mortality and MACE in patients aged <70 years and ≥70 years old. The presence of obstructive and non-obstructive disease and the burden of atherosclerosis determined by SIS remain important predictors of prognosis in older populations.
Paraspinous muscle gene expression profiling following simulated staged endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm: exploring potential therapeutic pathways
Authors: Lewis Erin R , Geisbüsch Sarah , Chang Yun-Juan , Costa Victor , Husain Seema , Soteropoulos Patricia , Griepp Randall B , Di Luozzo Gabriele 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Thoracic endovascular techniques for aneurysm repair offer less invasive alternatives to open strategies. Both approaches, however, are associated with the risk for neurological complications. Despite adjuncts to maintain spinal cord perfusion, ischaemia and paraplegia continue to occur during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. Staging of such extensive procedures has been proven to decrease the risk for spinal cord injury. Archived biopsy specimens may offer insight into the molecular signature of the reorganization and expansion of the spinal collateral network during staged endovascular interventions in the setting of TAAA.

METHODS
Biological replicates of total RNA were isolated from existing paraspinous muscle samples from 22 Yorkshire pigs randomized to 1 of 3 simulated TAAA repair strategies as part of a previous study employing coil embolization of spinal segmental arteries within the thoracic and lumbar spine. Gene expression profiling was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine array.

RESULTS
Microarray analysis identified 649 differentially expressed porcine genes (≥1.3-fold change, P ≤ 0.05) when comparing paralysed and non-paralysed subjects. Of these, 355 were available for further analysis. When mapped to the human genome, 169 Homo sapiens orthologues were identified. Integrated interpretation of gene expression profiles indicated the significant regulation of transcriptional regulators (such as nuclear factor кB), cytokine (including CXCL12) elements contributing to hypoxia signalling in the cardiovascular system (vascular endothelial growth factor and UBE2) and cytoskeletal elements (like dystrophin (DMD) and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)).

CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the ability of microarray-based platforms to detect the differential expression of genes in paraspinous muscle during staged TAAA repair. Pathway enrichment analysis detected subcellular actors accompanying the neuroprotective effects of staged endovascular coiling. These observations provide new insight into the potential prognostic and therapeutic value of gene expression profiling in monitoring and modulating the arteriolar remodelling in the collateral network.
Bio-inspired Composite Microfibers for Strong and Reversible Adhesion on Smooth Surfaces
Authors: Drotlef D -M , Dayan C B , Sitti M 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
A novel approach for high-performance gecko-inspired adhesives for strong and reversible adhesion to smooth surfaces is proposed. The composite patterns comprising elastomeric mushroom-shaped microfibers decorated with an extremely soft and thin terminal layer of pressure sensitive adhesive. Through the optimal tip shape and improved load sharing, the adhesion performance was greatly enhanced. A high adhesion strength of 300 kPa together with superior durability on smooth surfaces are achieved, outperforming monolithic fibers by 35 times. Our concept of composite microfibrillar adhesives provides significant benefits for real world applications including wearable medical devices, transfer printing systems, and robotic manipulation.
Duplications in Corneous Beta Protein Genes and the Evolution of Gecko Adhesion
Authors: Gamble Tony 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCorneous proteins are an important component of the tetrapod integument. Duplication and diversification of keratins and associated proteins are linked with the origin of most novel integumentary structures like mammalian hair, avian feathers, and scutes covering turtle shells. Accordingly, the loss of integumentary structures often coincides with the loss of genes encoding keratin and associated proteins. For example, many hair keratins in dolphins and whales have become pseudogenes. The adhesive setae of geckos and anoles are composed of both intermediate filament keratins (IF-keratins, formerly known as alpha-keratins) and corneous beta-proteins (CBPs, formerly known as beta-keratins) and recent whole genome assemblies of two gecko species and an anole uncovered duplications in seta-specific CBPs in each of these lineages. While anoles evolved adhesive toepads just once, there are two competing hypotheses about the origin(s) of digital adhesion in geckos involving either a single origin or multiple origins. Using data from three published gecko genomes, I examine CBP gene evolution in geckos and find support for a hypothesis where CBP gene duplications are associated with the repeated evolution of digital adhesion. Although these results are preliminary, I discuss how additional gecko genome assemblies, combined with phylogenies of keratin and associated protein genes and gene duplication models, can provide rigorous tests of several hypotheses related to gecko CBP evolution. This includes a taxon sampling strategy for sequencing and assembly of gecko genomes that could help resolve competing hypotheses surrounding the origin(s) of digital adhesion.
Direct and indirect effects of sea ice cover on major zooplankton groups and planktivorous fishes in the Barents Sea
Authors: Stige Leif Christian , Eriksen Elena , Dalpadado Padmini , Ono Kotaro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReductions in Arctic sea ice affect marine food webs through a multitude of direct and indirect effects. We here analysed direct, indirect, and delayed associations between winter sea ice cover and year-to-year changes in biomasses of the main zooplankton groups (copepods, krill, amphipods) and planktivorous fishes (capelin, polar cod) in the central and northern Barents Sea from 1980 to 2015. Climate effects and species interactions were estimated jointly in a Bayesian state-space model framework. We found that population biomass of capelin increased in years with low sea ice cover, while biomasses of copepods and amphipods decreased. Furthermore, results suggested strong bottom-up effects by krill on capelin and by copepods on amphipods and top-down effects by polar cod on amphipods and by capelin on krill and copepods. Sea ice effects thereby cascaded through the food web through indirect and delayed effects. The indirect and delayed effects amplified the effects of sea ice cover on capelin, copepods and amphipods. For krill, low sea ice cover most likely increased biomass in the short-term but reduced biomass in longer terms because of increased predation pressure. These findings suggest that both bottom-up and top-down processes need to be considered when projecting effects of future climate change on ecosystems.
Against instantaneous democracy
Authors: Kuo Ming-Sung 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article aims to shed new light on the state of populism by looking beyond the substance of recent populist movements to examine their form. I argue that new populism, which is characterized by instantaneousness and simultaneity made possible by social media and other communications technologies, betrays a pathology of instantaneous democracy in its pursuit of unmediated politics at the expense of democratic representation and deliberation. To show how new populism poses a fundamental challenge to constitutional democracy, I first bring the unnoticed double structure of articulated politics at the heart of constitutional democracy to the fore: the structural articulation of distinct stages of decision-making in the multistage process of constitutional governance and that of formal constitutionalized powers and unformed public opinions. As the double structural articulation assumes a temporal gap, first, between each stage of formal decision-making, and, second, between opinion-formation and policy-making, I then discuss how this assumed temporal gap is being virtually obliterated amidst the wave of new populism, shaking the structure of articulated politics to its foundations. In response, I suggest that democratic learning, aided by tactics of judicial deceleration before the figuring out of a grand strategy, is critical in combating new populism.
Responding to “populist” politics at EU level: Regulation 1141/2014 and beyond
Authors: Morijn John 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article presents and analyzes the EU values compliance mechanism as set up in Regulation 1141/2014, and amended by Regulation 2018/673, on the statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations. It assesses to what extent this Regulation, that has been perceived and presented as targeting “populists,” provides a comprehensive response to illiberal politics at EU level, and what lessons can be drawn from its origin for the application of other values compliance based instruments such as Article 7 TEU. For that purpose it tracks the Regulation’s drafting history in considerable detail and critically assesses the outcome. It concludes that the Regulation offers a limited and limiting framework to act against illiberal political forces within the European Parliament, because it is unlikely to work in disciplining mainstream political groups and parties that harbor illiberal elements associated with Article 2 TEU-related problems in various member states. At the same time, the article identifies elements of the mechanism that provide opportunities to help shape a more effective EU response to rule of law backsliding across Europe.
The development of the gluten free healthy food basket in Cyprus. Is it affordable among low-income adults diagnosed with celiac disease?
Authors: Chrysostomou S , Andreou S N , Andreou Ch 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Gluten free (GF) diets are not only restrictive but also costly. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability, cost and affordability of a Gluten Free Healthy Food Basket (GFHFB) and further examine whether low-income Cypriots diagnosed with celiac disease (CD) experience food stress.

Methods
GFΗFBs were constructed for adult women and adult men (±40 years) diagnosed with CD. Feasibility and acceptability was tested through three focus groups. Affordability was defined as the cost of the GFΗFB as a percentage of the Guaranteed Minimum Income (GMI).

Results
The GFΗFB was 33.6 and 47 euros/month more expensive compared to the HB (Healthy Basket) for women and men, respectively. The total budget for GF-manufactured products were 27.81 and 28.5% of the total food budget, for women and men, respectively. For low-income people receiving the GMI, the proportion of income that would need to be spent on the GFHFB ranges from around 42 to 60%.

Conclusions
The GFΗFB is costly and not affordable among low-income Cypriots diagnosed with CD; thus, they are likely to suffer from food stress. As such, the risk of reducing their adherence to a GF diet is high and thus compromises their long-term health.
BpAP1 directly regulates BpDEF to promote male inflorescence formation in Betula platyphylla × B. pendula
Authors: Wang Shuo , Huang Haijiao , Han Rui , Chen Jiying , Jiang Jing , Li Huiyu , Liu Guifeng , Chen Su 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFlowering is a crucial process for plants that is under complex genetic control. AP1 acts as an organizer and a switch for the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. In our previous study, we found that overexpression of BpAP1 significantly promoted the formation of male inflorescence in birch (Betula platyphlla × B. pendula). In this study, we aimed at investigating the molecular regulatory mechanism of BpAP1 during the process of male inflorescence formation in birch. We found that overexpression of BpAP1 affected the expression of many flowering-related genes, and had significant effect on B class MADS-box genes. A BpAP1-mediated gene regulatory network was constructed and B class gene BpDEF was finally predicted as a key target gene of BpAP1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results indicated that BpAP1 could directly regulate BpDEF during the process of male inflorescence formation. Yeast one-hybrid assays and its validation in tobacco results suggested that BpAP1 regulated BpDEF via binding to a consensus DNA sequence known as CArG box. Gene function analysis of BpDEF indicated that BpDEF may function in sex-determination, and in particular specify the identity of male inflorescence in birch. Our results provide valuable clues for our understanding of the molecular mechanism of BpAP1 during the process of male inflorescence formation in birch.
Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy for Managing Complicated Wounds at Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Sites
Authors: Eom Yeseul , Woo Kyong-Je 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effectiveness of negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for management of wound complications at extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) removal sites.

METHODS:
The authors retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent NPWT at ECMO removal sites followed by the development of wound complications including skin necrosis, lymphorrhea, and femoral vessel exposure. A nonadhesive bacteria-binding mesh was used as a wound contact layer of NPWT application. Patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were evaluated.

RESULTS:
Nine patients underwent NPWT for complicated wounds at ECMO sites. The mean age of patients was 49.2 years (range, 14–64 years). All patients exhibited wound complications with lymphorrhea and skin necrosis. Seven of nine patients had wound cultures that were positive for microorganisms, but culture conversion to negative was achieved after NPWT application for a mean period of 21.2 days (range, 12–30 days). Lymphorrhea was successfully managed, and formation of fresh granulation tissue was observed in all patients. Wound healing either by primary closure, skin graft, or secondary healing was achieved without recurrence of wound complications. There were no cases of femoral vessel injury or aneurysm during NPWT application.

CONCLUSIONS:
Negative-pressure wound therapy appears to be a safe and effective treatment option in the management of complicated wounds at ECMO sites.
EHR quality indicator tracking
Authors: Savas Andrea , Smith Eben , Hay Brittany 
Published: March 2019

Abstract:
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services created the Quality Payment Program to award compensation to providers for offering evidence-based, high-value, and efficient care. This article outlines an information technology process improvement pilot project undertaken at a large primary care practice in western Florida to support readiness for Medicare Access and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) Reauthorization Act of 2015 using new EHR quality indicator tracking features.