bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Pill Disutility Associated With Starting Versus Continuing Cardioprotective Medication: A Randomized Experiment
Authors: Chaitoff Alexander , Lauffenburger Julie C. , Haff Nancy , Jungo Katharina Tabea , Choudhry Niteesh K. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Quantifying patient-reported pill disutility is important for understanding the risk-benefit tradeoffs of taking medications. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the pill disutility associated with starting a new medication and continuing an existing medication for cardiometabolic disease prevention in a sample of older adults in the United States.

METHODS:
We enrolled adults aged ≥60 years from an online panel. Respondents completed a survey that included a 2-armed experiment that randomized them to either a starting or a continuing scenario in which they were instructed that their doctor recommended they start or continue, respectively, a daily medication that prevents heart attacks and strokes. Pill disutility was calculated using a time-tradeoff method with time willing to trade obtained via alternating dichotomous choice contingent valuation design. Pill disutility was described within each scenario overall and by subgroups and then compared across scenarios using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariable fractional logistic regression.

RESULTS:

A total of 621 respondents with a mean age of 69 years were included in the final analysis. A majority were taking medications (n=84.5%, n=525) and had at least 1 chronic cardiometabolic disease (78.7%, n=489). Pill disutility associated with starting a new medication was 0.0662 (SD, 0.13), while pill disutility associated with continuing an existing medication was 0.0378 (SD, 0.10;
P
<0.001). Participants randomized to the starting scenario had higher odds of higher pill disutility versus participants randomized to the continuing scenario in both multivariable testing (odds ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.15–2.40]) and across subgroups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pill disutility for a daily cardioprotective medication, when obtained from a sample of older adults utilizing rigorous ascertainment methods, is higher than previously reported, especially with regard to starting the medication. These represent the first estimates that can be used in cost-effectiveness modeling involving both prescribing and deprescribing.
Associations of Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Fatty Liver Disease With Peripheral Artery Disease: Prospective Analysis in the UK Biobank and ARIC Study
Authors: Liu YueRuiJing , Wang JinQi , Jin Rui , Xu ZongKai , Zhao XiaoYu , Li YunFei , Zhao YanChen , Wu ZhiYuan , Guo XiuHua , Tao LiXin 
Published: November 2024

Background
There is currently limited evidence comparing the association between metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the risk of peripheral artery disease (PAD). This study aims to analyze the associations of MAFLD and NAFLD with incident PAD.

Methods and Results
Two longitudinal studies, the UKB (UK Biobank) study (n=372 216) and the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study (n=4681), categorized participants into MAFLD/non‐MAFLD groups and NAFLD/non‐NAFLD groups. Subsequently, participants were classified into 4 groups: non–fatty liver disease, MAFLD‐only, NAFLD‐only, and both MAFLD and NAFLD groups. Cox proportional hazard model estimated associations of MAFLD/NAFLD status, subtypes, and liver fibrosis severity with PAD risk. The MAFLD group had a higher risk of incident PAD compared with the non‐MAFLD group, and similarly, the NAFLD group had a higher risk compared with the non‐NAFLD group. Among these 4 groups, the MAFLD‐only group had the strongest association with the risk of incident PAD, while the NAFLD‐only group was not independently associated. Diabetic MAFLD subtype was significantly associated with increased PAD risk, and higher level of liver fibrosis scores correlated with elevated PAD risk.

Conclusions
Both MAFLD and NAFLD are significantly associated with an increased incidence of PAD, with stronger associations in MAFLD and diabetic MAFLD population. These findings emphasize that the need for screening and prevention strategies for PAD in this high‐risk population is warranted. The assessment of MAFLD and its subtypes should be considered as an integral component of cardiovascular risk assessment.
Aristotle on Ownership
Authors: Hennig Boris 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
I argue that despite certain appearances, Aristotle does not think of ownership as the exclusive right of a person to decide upon the use and alienation of a thing. Rather, in Aristotle, ownership is a relation between a person and a thing such that (1) the thing is instrumental for this person’s life, (2) it is external to the organic body of the person, and (3) the person is protected against being excluded from the relevant kinds of access to the thing.
A Previously Overlooked Life of Jesus by Martha Louisa ‘Lily’ Watson (1885)
Authors: Soon Isaac T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article provides an overview and analysis of a previously overlooked nineteenth-century Life of Jesus by Martha Louisa ‘Lily’ Watson. It takes as its starting point metacriticism as a vital task of present scholarship on the historical Jesus of Nazareth – in particular, the contributions of women and other scholars on the margins. This study provides a biographical overview of Watson and analyses the sources, methods, and historical approach she takes in her portrayal of Jesus, while also paying attention to some of the pitfalls of her study. Ultimately, engagement with Watson’s work is generative for new avenues of inquiry in historical Jesus studies such as (a) the need for an assessment of the nineteenth-century Lives of Jesus often ignored by scholarship, (b) nineteenth-century conceptions of non-canonical material and its relevance for the historical Jesus, (c) the rationalization of demonic possession over the unquestioning acceptance of Jesus’ other miracles, (d) the prevalence of anti-Jewish portrayals of Jesus, (d) and the use of rabbinic sources to reconstruct Jesus’ Jewish context.
Gender Perspective in the Recent Case Law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Authors: Lis Edyta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For more than a dozen years, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) has paid special attention to cases involving gender-based violence and gender stereotypes. These two phenomena are closely linked, as prejudices, beliefs, cultural values and discriminatory stereotypes can be one of the factors that legitimise violence. Gender-based violence is directed against individuals because of their gender, particularly women and girls, and takes many forms. The purpose of this article is to provide an analysis of the evolution of the practice of the IACtHR from a gender perspective, based on selected judgments and advisory opinions. Each of these decisions addresses different aspects of the lives of individuals and concerns the groups that are most vulnerable to human rights violations. The common denominator is that the Court’s work contains, to a greater or lesser extent, an element of novelty or indication of new trends.
Sling Results in Better Sleep Quality and Less Anxiety Early After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Randomized Single-Blinded Trial
Authors: Li Xuelun , Xu Wei , Liao Pengfei , Feng Junhao , Wu Dandong , Huang Wei , Zhu Zhenglin , Chen Hong 
Published: November 2024

Background: Sleep disturbance is commonly reported by patients wearing an abduction brace after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Although a sling has been proven noninferior to an abduction brace for function and repair integrity, there is no evidence-based medical support for the advantage of the sling in improving sleep quality compared with a brace. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study aimed to compare the effects of a sling and an abduction brace on sleep quality and clinical outcomes after ARCR. It was hypothesized that immobilization in a sling would result in better sleep quality while not deteriorating clinical outcomes and bone-tendon healing compared with an abduction brace. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: A total of 142 consecutive patients with rotator cuff tears were randomly assigned to 2 groups: (1) the brace group, receiving abduction brace immobilization for 6 weeks, and (2) the sling group, receiving sling immobilization after ARCR for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcomes—American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Self-rating Anxiety Scale, pain, satisfaction, and tendon healing (using ultrasonography)—were evaluated until 1 year postoperatively. Results: Complete outcome measurements were obtained for 131 patients. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at 6 weeks was 11.1 ± 2.7 for the brace group and 9.2 ± 2.3 for the sling group ( P < .001), indicating a statistically significant advantage for the sling group. The sling group also reported significantly lower Self-rating Anxiety Scale, lower pain level, and higher satisfaction scores at 6 weeks. No significant difference was observed in outcome measures between groups at 1 year. The tendon healing rates (91% vs 88%, respectively) were comparable between the brace and sling groups within the first 1 year (risk ratio, 1.03 [95% CI, 0.92-1.16]; P = .59). Conclusion: The use of a sling resulted in better sleep quality, less anxiety, and higher satisfaction compared with an abduction brace in the first 6 weeks after ARCR; nevertheless, functional outcomes and repair integrity were similar at 1 year postoperatively between the 2 groups. These findings indicate that a sling is appropriate for the postoperative care of ARCR. However, caution should be used when interpreting these results because the clinical relevance of sling-related benefits warrants further investigation. Registration: ChiCTR2200059967 (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry).
Assessing Current Knowledge of Hearing Impairment With Diabetes by Surveying Providers With CBDCE Certification
Authors: Zelnicek Taylor D. , Sewell Hayley E. , Planas Lourdes G. , Skaggs Joanne C. , Lim Jonea , Johnson Carole E. , O’Neal Katherine S. 
Published: November 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess current knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hearing impairment and screening referrals in patients with diabetes among providers who have a Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist (CBDCE) Certification. Methods A cross-sectional survey created through Qualtrics was emailed to health care providers in the United States with CDCES certification. Providers responded regarding knowledge and importance of hearing impairment compared to other diabetes complications, when they would refer a patient to an audiologist, the percentage of patients referred, and awareness of over-the-counter hearing aids. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all questionnaire items. Results One thousand four hundred and ninety-five CDCES providers completed the survey. Participants selected the most common conditions associated with diabetes as kidney dysfunction (96.7%), retinopathy (96.5%), obesity (95.6%), and foot infection (94.5%); 44.5% chose hearing impairment. Over 60% of providers were not familiar with how to refer patients to an audiologist and acknowledged being unfamiliar with recommended screening frequency as the most common barrier. Most providers had referred fewer than 20% of patients to an audiologist. Over half of providers were not aware of over-the-counter hearing aids. Conclusion Among a national sample of health care providers with comprehensive knowledge in diabetes care, many providers do not associate hearing impairment with diabetes and rate other microvascular complications of higher importance.
Thyroid Ultrasonography Screening of a Cohort of Male University Students
Authors: Babiker Mahmoud S. , Alamin Fathelrehman A. , Almteri Mohammed , Alradaddi Abdullah , Alharbi Waleed 
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess thyroid ultrasonographic (US) findings from a male cohort of asymptomatic Saudi Arabian university students. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three university students were enrolled in a quantitative prospective study from February 2024 to April 2024. They were conveniently selected, excluding females. A MyLab40 US equipment system was used with a 7 MHz transducer. The thyroid was evaluated with US for size, echotexture, and abnormalities. The chi-square test, correlations, and descriptive statistics were applied for the data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.5 ± 1.1 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.03 ± 6.6. 95.2% of participants had normal findings; positive findings were found in 4.8 % of the participants. Of these, 1.6 % had multiple nodules, and 3.2 % had signs of thyroiditis. The statistical analysis revealed no significant association between right and left thyroid lobe lengths compared to BMI ( p = .7 right and left 0.3). Moreover, there was no association between the thyroid echo pattern and the BMI ( p = .4). Conclusion: This cohort study concluded that the thyroid US findings were very limited. There was no statistical correlation between the thyroid lobe length, thyroid echo pattern, compared to participants’ BMI.
Post-sepsis chronic muscle weakness can be prevented by pharmacological protection of mitochondria
Authors: Kingren Meagan S. , Keeble Alexander R. , Galvan-Lara Alyson M. , Ogle Jodi M. , Ungvári Zoltán , St Clair Daret K. , Butterfield Timothy A. , Owen Allison M. , Fry Christopher S. , Patel Samir P. , Saito Hiroshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Sepsis, mainly caused by bacterial infections, is the leading cause of in-patient hospitalizations. After discharge, most sepsis survivors suffer from long-term medical complications, particularly chronic skeletal muscle weakness. To investigate this medical condition in detail, we previously developed a murine severe sepsis-survival model that exhibits long-term post-sepsis skeletal muscle weakness. While mitochondrial abnormalities were present in the skeletal muscle of the sepsis surviving mice, the relationship between abnormal mitochondria and muscle weakness remained unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether mitochondrial abnormalities have a causal role in chronic post-sepsis muscle weakness and could thereby serve as a therapeutic target.

Methods
Experimental polymicrobial abdominal sepsis was induced in 16-18 months old male and female mice using cecal slurry injection with subsequent antibiotic and fluid resuscitation. To evaluate the pathological roles of mitochondrial abnormalities in post-sepsis skeletal muscle weakness, we utilized a transgenic mouse strain overexpressing the mitochondria-specific antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Following sepsis development in C57BL/6 mice, we evaluated the effect of the mitochondria-targeting synthetic tetrapeptide SS-31 in protecting mitochondria from sepsis-induced damage and preventing skeletal muscle weakness development. In vivo and in vitro techniques were leveraged to assess muscle function at multiple timepoints throughout sepsis development and resolution. Histological and biochemical analyses including bulk mRNA sequencing were used to detect molecular changes in the muscle during and after sepsis

Results
Our time course study revealed that post sepsis skeletal muscle weakness develops progressively after the resolution of acute sepsis and in parallel with the accumulation of mitochondrial abnormalities and changes in the mitochondria-related gene expression profile. Transgenic mice overexpressing MnSOD were protected from mitochondrial abnormalities and muscle weakness following sepsis. Further, pharmacological protection of mitochondria utilizing SS-31 during sepsis effectively prevented the later development of muscle weakness.

Conclusions
Our study revealed that the accumulation of mitochondrial abnormalities is the major cause of post-sepsis skeletal muscle weakness. Pharmacological protection of mitochondria during acute sepsis is a potential clinical treatment strategy to prevent post-sepsis muscle weakness.
Low-frequency noise of MoTe2 transistor: effects on ambipolar carrier transport and CYTOP doping
Authors: Shin Wonjun , Lee Dong Hyun , Ko Raksan , Koo Ryun-Han , Yoo Hocheon , Lee Sung-Tae 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLow-frequency noise (LFN) characteristics of semiconductor devices pose a significant importance for understanding their working principle, particularly concerning material imperfections. Accordingly, substantial research endeavors have focused on characterizing the LFN of devices. However, the LFN characteristics of the ambipolar transistors have been rarely demonstrated. Herein, we investigate the effects of ambipolar carrier transport and CYTOP-induced p-type doping on low-frequency noise characteristics of MoTe2 transistors. The source of the 1/f noise differs between the n-type (electron transport) and p-type (hole transport) modes. Notably, the influence of contact resistance is more pronounced in the n-type mode. CYTOP doping suppresses the n-type mode by introducing hole doping effects. Furthermore, CYTOP doping mitigates the impact of contact resistance on excess noise.
To eat or not to eat oats: factors associated with oats consumption using the I-Change model
Authors: Van Kol S. , van der Horst H.C. , de Vries H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA suboptimal diet is responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other risk. A dietary factor that needs more attention is whole-grain consumption because of its proven health, nutritional, and environmental benefits. Despite these benefits, the daily whole-grain and dietary fibre intake by Dutch residents is low and the reasons for this low consumption are unknown. This study analysed the facilitating and hindering factors associated with (non) oat consumption using the Integrated Change Model (ICM). It compared which factors distinguished oat consumers from moderate and low-oat consumers using a cross-sectional, quantitative study design. The questionnaire used in the quantitative study was based on the results a qualitative study that validated the findings identified in the literature and previous ICM studies. Data was collected using an online survey (Qualtrics). In both studies, the sample of participants included individuals age > 18, of both genders residents in the Netherlands without an allergy to oats, and who read or speak fluently Dutch or English. In total, 299 residents were included in the study. The results indicated that non-oat consumers were less health-conscious, had limited awareness of their dietary behaviours, possessed less knowledge, and were less aware of the severity and susceptibility to various health conditions, such as high cholesterol. They also received fewer prompts to consume oats, were less convinced of the rational and emotional benefits of oats, experienced less social support, reported more obstacles, and had lower self-efficacy regarding oat consumption. The Integrated Change Model (ICM) explained 55% of the variance in intention and 38% in behaviour. Consequently, efforts to promote oat consumption among Dutch adults should address these factors to enhance awareness, increase motivation, and facilitate actions to boost oat intake.
Iron deficiency anemia and its association with cognitive function among adolescents in the Ashanti Region - Ghana
Authors: Yeboah Francis Agyemang , Bioh Joyce , Amoani Benjamin , Effah Alfred , Senu Ebenezer , Mensah Oscar Simon Olympio , Agyei Alex , Kwarteng Samuel , Agomuo Samuel Kwame Sopuruchi , Opoku Stephen , Agordzo Samuel Kekeli , Aidoo Ebenezer Krampah , Sakyi Samuel Asamoah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a global health concern, and has been associated with cognitive decline. However, very few studies have explored the association between IDA and cognitive function among Ghanaians. We assessed the association between IDA and cognitive function among adolescents in the Ashanti region, Ghana.

Methods
This cross-sectional study involved 250 adolescents from Kumasi, Ghana. Sociodemographic and dietary data were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn for estimation of ferritin and complete blood count. The Test of Non-verbal Intelligence (TONI-4) was used to assess cognitive function. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of cognitive function.

Results
The prevalence of IDA was 30.4%, which was higher among adolescents with poor cognitive performance test scores (CPTS) (71%). Being female [aOR = 0.32, 95% CI (0.10–0.99), p = 0.0480)], father having junior high education [aOR = 0.08, 95% CI (0.02–0.45), p = 0.0040)], being in a category B school [aOR = 0.26, 95% CI (0.09–0.81), p = 0.0200)] and C [aOR = 0.08, 95% CI (0.02–0.40), p = 0.0020)] and non-fruit consumption [aOR = 0.18, 95% CI (0.06–0.52), p = 0.0010)], were significantly associated with lower likelihood of having very good cognitive function. Moreover, ferritin (r = 0.451, p < 0.001) and hemoglobin (r = 0.402, p < 0.001) demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with CPTS.

Conclusion
The prevalence of IDA is high in our study population and was linked with poor cognitive function. Adolescents with IDA had low cognitive performance test scores. High levels of hemoglobin and ferritin showed a moderate correlation with higher cognitive performance. These findings suggest that adolescents’ cognitive function may be moderately influenced by IDA, highlighting the potential impact of iron status on cognitive outcomes.
Unintentional drowning fatalities in Sweden between 2002 and 2021
Authors: Tyr Alexander , Molander Emma , Bäckström Björn , Claesson Andreas , Zilg Brita 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite declining over the past three decades, unintentional drownings still account for an estimated 236 000 annual deaths worldwide. Susceptibility persists amongst demographic groups and is influenced by sex, age, and socio-economic status, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Due to rapidly evolving population dynamics, particularly within Europe, there is a further responsibility to understand the impact of ethnicity on the risks of drowning to guide prevention.

Methods
We conducted a national population-based retrospective study using data from the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine and Statistics Sweden for the years 2002 to 2021. The analysis includes variables such as age, sex, presence of alcohol and narcotics as well as activity undertaken at the time of drowning and type of water body. Furthermore, we considered ethnicity to identify subpopulations at greater risks.

Results
Results revealed a plateau in unintentional drowning rates in Sweden since 2012, despite an overall decrease from 2002 to 2021. Findings confirm the trend that males are overrepresented within drowning statistics across all age groups, and that individuals aged > 50 constitute over half of all unintentional drownings. Men aged between 40-69 years boating, and individuals of non-Swedish origin, particularly those < 20 years of age, face a notably greater risk of drowning, underscoring the need for subpopulation-targeted prevention strategies.

Conclusion
The ten-year plateau in unintentional drowning signals the need for an official national prevention strategy with annual evaluations. Suggestions also include improved parental supervision of children, further avoidance of alcohol while swimming and boating, as well as targeted swimming lessons and water competency training for individuals of non-Swedish origin.