bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On-surface synthesis of planar dendrimers via divergent cross-coupling reaction
Authors: Li Deng-Yuan , Li Shi-Wen , Xie Yu-Li , Hua Xin , Long Yi-Tao , Wang An , Liu Pei-Nian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDendrimers are homostructural and highly branched macromolecules with unique dendritic effects and extensive use in multidisciplinary fields. Although thousands of dendrimers have been synthesized in solution, the on-surface synthetic protocol for planar dendrimers has never been explored, limiting the elucidation of the mechanism of dendritic effects at the single-molecule level. Herein, we describe an on-surface synthetic approach to planar dendrimers, in which exogenous palladium is used as a catalyst to address the divergent cross-coupling of aryl bromides with isocyanides. This reaction enables one aryl bromide to react with two isocyanides in sequential steps to generate the divergently grown product composed of a core and two branches with high selectivity and reactivity. Then, a dendron with four branches and dendrimers with eight or twelve branches in the outermost shell are synthesized on Au(111). This work opens the door for the on-surface synthesis of various planar dendrimers and relevant macromolecular systems.
Behavioural correlations of the domestication syndrome are decoupled in modern dog breeds
Authors: Hansen Wheat Christina , Fitzpatrick John L. , Rogell Björn , Temrin Hans 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDomestication is hypothesized to drive correlated responses in animal morphology, physiology and behaviour, a phenomenon known as the domestication syndrome. However, we currently lack quantitative confirmation that suites of behaviours are correlated during domestication. Here we evaluate the strength and direction of behavioural correlations among key prosocial (sociability, playfulness) and reactive (fearfulness, aggression) behaviours implicated in the domestication syndrome in 76,158 dogs representing 78 registered breeds. Consistent with the domestication syndrome hypothesis, behavioural correlations within prosocial and reactive categories demonstrated the expected direction-specificity across dogs. However, correlational strength varied between dog breeds representing early (ancient) and late (modern) stages of domestication, with ancient breeds exhibiting exaggerated correlations compared to modern breeds across prosocial and reactive behaviours. Our results suggest that suites of correlated behaviours have been temporally decoupled during dog domestication and that recent shifts in selection pressures in modern dog breeds affect the expression of domestication-related behaviours independently.
Epidemiologic evaluation of Nhanes for environmental Factors and periodontal disease
Authors: Emecen-Huja P. , Li H-F. , Ebersole J. L. , Lambert J. , Bush H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammation that destroys periodontal tissues caused by the accumulation of bacterial biofilms that can be affected by environmental factors. This report describes an association study to evaluate the relationship of environmental factors to the expression of periodontitis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) from 1999–2004. A wide range of environmental variables (156) were assessed in patients categorized for periodontitis (n = 8884). Multiple statistical approaches were used to explore this dataset and identify environmental variable patterns that enhanced or lowered the prevalence of periodontitis. Our findings indicate an array of environmental variables were different in periodontitis in smokers, former smokers, or non-smokers, with a subset of specific environmental variables identified in each population subset. Discriminating environmental factors included blood levels of lead, phthalates, selected nutrients, and PCBs. Importantly, these factors were found to be coupled with more classical risk factors (i.e. age, gender, race/ethnicity) to create a model that indicated an increased disease prevalence of 2–4 fold across the sample population. Targeted environmental factors are statistically associated with the prevalence of periodontitis. Existing evidence suggests that these may contribute to altered gene expression and biologic processes that enhance inflammatory tissue destruction.
Safety margins and adaptive capacity of vegetation to climate change
Authors: Gallagher Rachael V. , Allen Stuart , Wright Ian J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVegetation is composed of many individual species whose climatic tolerances can be integrated into spatial analyses of climate change risk. Here, we quantify climate change risk to vegetation at a continental scale by calculating the safety margins for warming and drying (i.e., tolerance to projected change in temperature and precipitation respectively) across plants sharing 100 km × 100 km grid cells (locations). These safety margins measure how much warmer, or drier, a location could become before its ‘typical’ species exceeds its observed climatic limit. We also analyse the potential adaptive capacity of vegetation to temperature and precipitation change (i.e., likelihood of in situ persistence) using median precipitation and temperature breadth across all species in each location. 47% of vegetation across Australia is potentially at risk from increases in mean annual temperature (MAT) by 2070, with tropical regions most vulnerable. Vegetation at high risk from climate change often also exhibited low adaptive capacity. By contrast, 2% of the continent is at risk from reductions in annual precipitation by 2070. Risk from precipitation change was isolated to the southwest of Western Australia where both the safety margin for drier conditions in the typical species is low, and substantial reductions in MAP are projected.
Integrative Analysis of Somatic Mutations in Non-coding Regions Altering RNA Secondary Structures in Cancer Genomes
Authors: He Funan , Wei Ran , Zhou Zhan , Huang Leihuan , Wang Yinan , Tang Jie , Zou Yangyun , Shi Leming , Gu Xun , Davis Melissa J. , Su Zhixi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRNA secondary structure may influence many cellular processes, including RNA processing, stability, localization, and translation. Single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) that alter RNA secondary structure, referred to as riboSNitches, are potentially causative of human diseases, especially in untranslated regions (UTRs) and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). The functions of somatic mutations that act as riboSNitches in cancer development remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed a computational pipeline called SNIPER (riboSNitch-enriched or depleted elements in cancer genomes), which employs MeanDiff and EucDiff to detect riboSNitches and then identifies riboSNitch-enriched or riboSNitch-depleted non-coding elements across tumors. SNIPER is available at github: https://github.com/suzhixi/SNIPER/. We found that riboSNitches were more likely to be pathogenic. Moreover, we predicted several UTRs and lncRNAs (long non-coding RNA) that significantly enriched or depleted riboSNitches in cancer genomes, indicative of potential cancer driver or essential noncoding elements. Our study highlights the possibly neglected importance of RNA secondary structure in cancer genomes and provides a new strategy to identify new cancer-associated genes.
Dysregulated autophagy in muscle precursor cells from humans with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Henriksen T. I. , Wigge L. V. , Nielsen J. , Pedersen B. K. , Sandri M. , Scheele C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAutophagy is active during cellular remodeling including muscle differentiation. Muscle differentiation is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes and we therefore hypothesize that muscle precursor cells from people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have a dysregulation of their autophagy leading to impaired myogenesis. Muscle precursor cells were isolated from people with T2DM or healthy controls and differentiated in vitro. Autophagy marker levels were assessed by immunoblotting. Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes between healthy and T2DM groups were identified based on a previously published RNA-sequencing data-set, which we verified by RT-qPCR. siRNA was used to assess the function of differentially expressed autophagy genes. Basal autophagy increases during human muscle differentiation, while T2DM muscle cells have reduced levels of autophagy marker ATG7 and show a blunted response to starvation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the 3 non-canonical autophagy genes DRAM1, VAMP8 and TP53INP1 as differentially expressed between healthy and T2DM groups during myoblast differentiation, and that T53INP1 knock-down alters expression of both pro-and anti-apoptotic genes. In vitro differentiated T2DM muscle cells show differential expression of autophagy-related genes. These genes do not regulate myogenic transcription factors but may rather be involved in p53-associated myoblast apoptosis during early myogenesis.
Field Angle Tuned Metamagnetism and Lifschitz Transitions in UPt3
Authors: Shivaram B. S. , Holleis Ludwig , Ulrich V. W. , Singleton John , Jaime Marcelo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStrongly correlated electronic systems can harbor a rich variety of quantum spin states. Understanding and controlling such spin states in quantum materials is of great current interest. Focusing on the simple binary system UPt3 with ultrasound (US) as a probe we identify clear signatures in field sweeps demarkating new high field spin phases. Magnetostriction (MS) measurements performed up to 65 T also show signatures at the same fields confirming these phase transitions. At the very lowest temperatures (<200 mK) we also observe magneto-acoustic quantum oscillations which for θ = 90° (B||c-axis) and vicinity abruptly become very strong in the 24.8–30 T range. High resolution magnetization measurements for this same angle reveal a continuous variation of the magnetization implying the subtle nature of the implied transitions. With B rotated away from the c-axis, the US signatures occur at nearly the same field. These transitions merge with the separate sequence of the well known metamagnetic transition which commences at 20 T for θ = 0° but moves to higher fields as 1/cosθ. This merge, suggesting a tricritical behavior, occurs at θ ≈ 51° from the ab-plane. This is an unique off-symmetry angle where the length change along the c-axis is precisely zero due to the anisotropic nature of MS in UPt3 for all magnetic field values.
Effect of structure and composition on the electronic excitation induced amorphization of La2Ti2−xZrxO7 ceramics
Authors: Sassi Michel , Kaspar Tiffany , Rosso Kevin M. , Spurgeon Steven R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the response of ceramics operating in extreme environments is of interest for a variety of applications. Ab initio molecular dynamic simulations have been used to investigate the effect of structure and B-site (=Ti, Zr) cation composition of lanthanum-based oxides (La2B2O7) on electronic-excitation-induced amorphization. We find that the amorphous transition in monoclinic layered perovskite La2Ti2O7 occurs for a lower degree of electronic excitation than for cubic pyrochlore La2Zr2O7. While in each case the formation of O2-like molecules drives the structure to an amorphous state, an analysis of the polyhedral connection network reveals that the rotation of TiO6 octahedra in the monoclinic phase can promote such molecule formation, while such octahedral rotation is not possible in the cubic phase. However, once the symmetry of the cubic structure is broken by substituting Ti for Zr, it becomes less resistant to amorphization. A compound made of 50% Ti and 50% Zr (La2TiZrO7) is found to be more resistant in the monoclinic than in the cubic phase, which may be related to the lower bandgap of the cubic phase. These results illustrate the complex interplay of structure and composition that give rise to the radiation resistance of these important functional materials.
The foliar application of a mixture of semisynthetic chitosan derivatives induces tolerance to water deficit in maize, improving the antioxidant system and increasing photosynthesis and grain yield
Authors: Rabêlo Valquíria Mikaela , Magalhães Paulo César , Bressanin Letícia Aparecida , Carvalho Diogo Teixeira , Reis Caroline Oliveira dos , Karam Decio , Doriguetto Antônio Carlos , Santos Marcelo Henrique dos , Santos Filho Plínio Rodrigues dos Santos , Souza Thiago Corrêa de 
Published: June 2019

AbstractResearch has shown that chitosan induces plant stress tolerance and protection, but few studies have explored chemical modifications of chitosan and their effects on plants under water stress. Chitosan and its derivatives were applied (isolated or in mixture) to maize hybrids sensitive to water deficit under greenhouse conditions through foliar spraying at the pre-flowering stage. After the application, water deficit was induced for 15 days. Analyses of leaves and biochemical gas exchange in the ear leaf were performed on the first and fifteenth days of the stress period. Production attributes were also analysed at the end of the experiment. In general, the application of the two chitosan derivatives or their mixture potentiated the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and guaiacol peroxidase at the beginning of the stress period, in addition to reducing lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde content) and increasing gas exchange and proline contents at the end of the stress period. The derivatives also increased the content of phenolic compounds and the activity of enzymes involved in their production (phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase). Dehydroascorbate reductase and compounds such as total soluble sugars, total amino acids, starch, grain yield and harvest index increased for both the derivatives and chitosan. However, the mixture of derivatives was the treatment that led to the higher increase in grain yield and harvest index compared to the other treatments. The application of semisynthetic molecules derived from chitosan yielded greater leaf gas exchange and a higher incidence of the biochemical conditions that relieve plant stress.
Medial artery calcification increases neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury
Authors: Marshall Andre P. , Luo Weifeng , Wang Xue-lin , Lin Tonghui , Cai Yujun , Guzman Raul J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractArterial calcification predicts accelerated restenosis after angioplasty and stenting. We studied the effects of calcification on neointimal hyperplasia after balloon injury in the rat carotid. Arterial calcification was induced by subcutaneous injection of vitamin D3 or by adventitial application of calcium chloride. After balloon catheter injury, neointimal hyperplasia was significantly increased in rats with medial calcification compared with controls. Neointimal cell proliferation in calcified arteries as assessed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining was also higher. In calcified arteries, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)levels were increased at the time of injury suggesting a possible explanation for the altered responses. In vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) grown under calcifying conditions , stimulation with BMP-2 significantly increased cell proliferation, however, this did not occur in those grown under non-calcifying conditions. These data suggest that neointimal hyperplasia is accelerated in calcified arteries and that this may be due in part to increased BMP-2 expression in medial SMCs. Treatments aimed at inhibiting restenosis in calcified arteries may differ from those that work in uncalcified vessels.
Employing graphene acoustoelectric switch by dual surface acoustic wave transducers
Authors: Lee Ching-Ping , Hong Yu-Peng , Shen Man-Ting , Tang Chiu-Chun , Ling D. C. , Chen Yung-Fu , Wu Cen-Shawn , Chen Jeng-Chung 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe implement a logic switch by using a graphene acoustoelectric transducer at room temperature. We operate two pairs of inter-digital transducers (IDTs) to launch surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on a LiNbO3 substrate and utilize graphene as a channel material to sustain acoustoelectric current Iae induced by SAWs. By cooperatively tuning the input power on the IDTs, we can manipulate the propagation direction of Iae such that the measured Iae can be deliberately controlled to be positive, negative, or even zero. We define the zero-crossing Iae as $${I}_{ae}^{off}$$

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, and then demonstrate that Iae can be switched with a ratio $${I}_{ae}^{on}/{I}_{ae}^{off}\, \sim \,{10}^{4}$$

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at a rate up to few tens kHz. Our device with an accessible operation scheme provides a means to convert incoming acoustic waves modulated by digitized data sequence onto electric signals with frequency band suitable for digital audio modulation. Consequently, it could potentially open a route for developing graphene-based logic devices in large-scale integration electronics.
Uncovering of natural allelic variants of key yield contributing genes by targeted resequencing in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Vemireddy Lakshminarayana R. , Kadambari Gopalakrishnamurty , Reddy G. Eswar , Kola Vijaya Sudhakara Rao , Ramireddy Eswarayya , Puram Venkata Ramana Rao , Badri Jyothi , Eslavath Suresh N. , Bollineni Swarajyalakshmi N. , Naik Bukya J. , Chintala Sreelakshmi , Pottepalem Rameshbabu , Akkareddy Srividhya , Nagireddy Ranjithkumar , Reddy Lachagari V. B. , Bodanapu Reddaiah , Lekkala Sivarama P. , Chakravartty Navajeet , Siddiq E. A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn rice (Oryza sativa L.), during the course of domestication, numerous beneficial alleles remain untapped in the progenitor wild species and landraces. This study aims at uncovering these promising alleles of six key genes influencing the yield, such as DEP1, Ghd7, Gn1a, GS3, qSW5 and sd1 by targeted resequencing of the 200 rice genotypes. In all, 543 nucleotide variations including single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion and deletion polymorphisms were identified from the targeted genes. Of them, 225 were novel alleles, which identified in the present study only and 91 were beneficial alleles that showed significant association with the yield traits. Besides, we uncovered 128 population-specific alleles with indica being the highest of 79 alleles. The neutrality tests revealed that pleiotropic gene, Ghd7 and major grain size contributing gene, GS3 showed positive and balanced selection, respectively during the domestication. Further, the haplotype analysis revealed that some of the rice genotypes found to have rare haplotypes, especially the high yielding variety, BPT1768 has showed maximum of three genes such as Gn1a-8, qSW5-12 and GS3-29. The rice varieties with novel and beneficial alleles along with the rare haplotypes identified in the present study could be of immense value for yield improvement in the rice breeding programs.
Hypocretin in median raphe nucleus modulates footshock stimuli-induced REM sleep alteration
Authors: Hsiao Yi-Tse , Lo Yun , Yi Pei-Lu , Chang Fang-Chia 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStress is one of major factors that cause sleep problems. Hypocretin represents a stress-related neuropeptide and is well known in maintaining physiological wakefulness. The hypocretinergic neurons originate in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and transmit to several brain regions, including the median raphe nuclei (MRNs). The MRNs modulate both fear responses and sleep-wake activity; however, it remains unclear whether stress alters the levels of hypocretin to regulate MRNs and consequently disrupt sleep. In this paper, we employed the inescapable footshock stimuli (IFS) as a stressor and hypothesized that the IFS-induced sleep disruption is mediated by increased hypocretins in the MRNs. Our results demonstrate that the concentrations of hypocretin in the hypothalamus increased after IFS. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was reduced after footshock, and microinjection of non-selective hypocretin receptor antagonist TCS-1102 into the MRNs blocked the IFS-induced decrease of REM sleep. Furthermore, administration of hypocretins into the MRNs mimicked the IFS-induced REM sleep reduction. These results conclude that the increased levels of hypocretins in the MRNs mediate the IFS-induced REM sleep reduction.
Amino-isocyanoacridines: Novel, Tunable Solvatochromic Fluorophores as Physiological pH Probes
Authors: Nagy Miklós , Rácz Dávid , Nagy Zsolt László , Fehér Péter Pál , Kovács Sándor Lajos , Bankó Csaba , Bacsó Zsolt , Kiss Alexandra , Zsuga Miklós , Kéki Sándor 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAmino-isocyanoacridines (ICAAcs), as first members of their class, turned out to be a novel, multifunctional acridine orange (AO) type dye family with a number of additional favorable properties. They have enhanced solvatochromic emission range, low quantum yields (ΦF = 2.9–0.4%) in water, reduced basicity (pKa = 7.05–7.58), and their optical behavior could be fine-tuned by complexation with Ag(I) ions, too. Based on both their vibronic absorption and the charge transfer bands, ICAAcs can be applied as stable pH-probes with great precision (2–3% error) in the physiological pH range of 6–8 using UV-vis and fluorescence detection. The dyes are also able to sense pH change in different microenvironments, such as the Stern layer, as it was demonstrated on sodium lauryl sulfate micelles. The optical behavior of the ICAAc derivatives is discussed based on high-level quantum chemical calculations. All three dyes are well-applicable with conventional epifluorescence imaging. Furthermore, at the blue excitation, diMICAAc is optimally suited as a whole-cell probe for both the conventional microscopic and the laser-illumination studies, like flow- and imaging cytometric, or confocal laser-scanning microscopic examinations.
Harnessing digital technology to predict, diagnose, monitor, and develop treatments for brain disorders
Authors: Stroud Clare , Onnela Jukka-Pekka , Manji Husseini 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDigital technologies—including smartphones, wearables, and social media data—show great potential for helping to alleviate suffering from brain disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, and schizophrenia. However, as researchers, technology developers, disease-focused groups, and others forge forward to take advantage of the tremendous opportunities in this domain, it is important to avoid hype and overpromising, and to ensure that this work is done rigorously and collaboratively. In June 2018, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders hosted a workshop that brought together a wide range of experts and stakeholders. The workshop provided an opportunity to take stock of the rapidly-evolving landscape and discuss how to work together to address both scientific and practical challenges, so that the potential of digital technologies can be translated into meaningful contributions toward the health of individuals and society. Workshop presentations and discussions focused on four key challenges: transforming data into insight, navigating regulatory pathways, designing user-centered tools, and building partnerships across a complex ecosystem. This article highlights the many issues, challenges, and opportunities discussed by individual participants at the workshop.