bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatments targeting inotropy
Authors: Maack Christoph , Eschenhagen Thomas , Hamdani Nazha , Heinzel Frank R , Lyon Alexander R , Manstein Dietmar J , Metzger Joseph , Papp Zoltán , Tocchetti Carlo G , Yilmaz M Birhan , Anker Stefan D , Balligand Jean-Luc , Bauersachs Johann , Brutsaert Dirk , Carrier Lucie , Chlopicki Stefan , Cleland John G , de Boer Rudolf A , Dietl Alexander , Fischmeister Rodolphe , Harjola Veli-Pekka , Heymans Stephane , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise , Holzmeister Johannes , de Keulenaer Gilles , Limongelli Giuseppe , Linke Wolfgang A , Lund Lars H , Masip Josep , Metra Marco , Mueller Christian , Pieske Burkert , Ponikowski Piotr , Ristić Arsen , Ruschitzka Frank , Seferović Petar M , Skouri Hadi , Zimmermann Wolfram H , Mebazaa Alexandre 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Acute heart failure (HF) and in particular, cardiogenic shock are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A therapeutic dilemma is that the use of positive inotropic agents, such as catecholamines or phosphodiesterase-inhibitors, is associated with increased mortality. Newer drugs, such as levosimendan or omecamtiv mecarbil, target sarcomeres to improve systolic function putatively without elevating intracellular Ca2+. Although meta-analyses of smaller trials suggested that levosimendan is associated with a better outcome than dobutamine, larger comparative trials failed to confirm this observation. For omecamtiv mecarbil, Phase II clinical trials suggest a favourable haemodynamic profile in patients with acute and chronic HF, and a Phase III morbidity/mortality trial in patients with chronic HF has recently begun. Here, we review the pathophysiological basis of systolic dysfunction in patients with HF and the mechanisms through which different inotropic agents improve cardiac function. Since adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria are intimately linked to the processes of excitation–contraction coupling, we also discuss the impact of inotropic agents on mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox regulation. Therefore, this position paper should help identify novel targets for treatments that could not only safely improve systolic and diastolic function acutely, but potentially also myocardial structure and function over a longer-term.
Galois Closures of Non-commutative Rings and an Application to Hermitian Representations
Authors: Ho Wei , Satriano Matthew 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Galois closures of commutative rank $n$ ring extensions were introduced by Bhargava and the 2nd author. In this paper, we generalize the construction to the case of non-commutative rings. We show that noncommutative Galois closures commute with base change and satisfy a product formula. As an application, we give a uniform construction of many of the representations arising in arithmetic invariant theory, including many Vinberg representations.
‘One of our National Treasures’: the biography of the skull of Turlough Carolan the Blind Harper
Authors: Crooke Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Many Irish musicians will have heard of Turlough Carolan (1670–1738), frequently referred to as the Blind Harper. Less well known is that his skull was exhumed in 1750, twelve years after he was buried. Since that year and throughout the nineteenth century, a human skull, declared to be that of Carolan, was displayed in various prestigious locations. In the early twentieth century it was received by the National Museum of Ireland, where it still resides. This paper traces the story of the skull from grave to museum stores, providing an insight into the fascination exerted by remains of the deceased and the special significance given in Ireland to the remains of a revered musician. The skull is where multiple histories meet: it embodies a record of customs in rural Ireland; it tells us something of the display of collections by Irish gentry and the middle classes; and it is a route into exploring the cultural meanings of our collections.
Operative Anatomy of the Human Skull: A Virtual Reality Expedition
Authors: Hendricks Benjamin K , Patel Akash J , Hartman Jerome , Seifert Mark F , Cohen-Gadol Aaron 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
The human cranial vault possesses an incredible, complex anatomical intricacy. Bridging the divide between 2-dimensional (2D) learning resources and the 3-dimensional (3D) world in which the anatomy becomes clinically relevant poses an intellectual challenge. Advances in computer graphics and modelling technologies have allowed increasingly accurate and representative resources to supplement cadaveric dissection specimens.

OBJECTIVE
To create accurate virtual models of all cranial bones to augment education, research, and clinical endeavours.

METHODS
Through a careful analysis of osteological specimens and high-resolution radiographic studies, a highly accurate virtual model of the human skull was created and annotated with relevant anatomical landmarks.

RESULTS
The skull was divided into 6 major segments including frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, parietal, and occipital bones. These bones were thoroughly annotated to demonstrate the intricate anatomical features.

CONCLUSION
This virtual model has the potential to serve as a valuable resource for educational, research, and clinical endeavours, and demonstrates the significance of advances in computer modelling that can contribute to our understanding of neurosurgical anatomical substrates.
Immunofluorescence staining protocol for STED nanoscopy of Plasmodium-infected red blood cells
Authors: Mehnert Ann-Kathrin , Simon Caroline Sophie , Guizetti Julien 
Published: September 2018

AbstractImmunofluorescence staining is the key technique for visualizing organization of endogenous cellular structures in single cells. Labeling and imaging of blood stage Plasmodium falciparum has always been challenging since it is a small intracellular parasite. The gold standard for parasite immunofluorescence is fixation in suspension with addition of minute amounts of glutaraldehyde to the paraformaldehyde-based solution. While this maintains red blood cell integrity, it has been postulated that antigenicity of the parasite proteins was, if at all, only slightly reduced. Here we show the deleterious effect that even these small quantities of glutaraldehyde can have on immunofluorescence staining quality and present an alternative cell seeding protocol that allows fixation with only paraformaldehyde. The highly improved signal intensity and staining efficiency enabled us to carry out RescueSTED nanoscopy on microtubules and nuclear pores and describe their organization in greater detail throughout the blood stage cycle.Highlights- Omitting glutaraldehyde from fixative improves immunofluorescence staining- STED nanoscopy is readily applicable to infected red blood cells- Intranuclear microtubules are nucleated from distinct sites
The human ventromedial prefrontal cortex: sulcal morphology and its influence on functional organization
Authors: LOPEZ-PERSEM Alizée , Verhagen Lennart , Amiez Céline , Petrides Michael , Sallet Jérome 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which comprises several distinct cytoarchitectonic areas, is a key brain region supporting decision-making processes and it has been shown to be one of the main hubs of the Default Mode Network, a network classically activated during resting state. We here examined the inter-individual variability in the vmPFC sulcal morphology in 57 humans (37 females) and demonstrated that the presence/absence of the inferior rostral sulcus and the subgenual intralimbic sulcus influences significantly the sulcal organization of this region. Furthermore, the sulcal organization influences the location of the vmPFC peak of the Default Mode Network, demonstrating that the location of functional activity can be affected by local sulcal patterns. These results are critical for the investigation of the function of the vmPFC and show that taking into account the sulcal variability might be essential to guide the interpretation of neuroimaging studies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is one of the main hubs of the Default Mode Network and plays a central role in value coding and decision-making. The present study provides a complete description of the inter-individual variability of anatomical morphology of this large portion of prefrontal cortex and its relation to functional organization. We have shown that two supplementary medial sulci predominantly determine the organization of the vmPFC, which in turn affect the location of the functional peak of activity in this region. Those results show that taking into account the variability in sulcal patterns might be essential to guide the interpretation of neuroimaging studies of the human brain and of the vmPFC in particular.
Knockdown of the translocon protein EXP2, reduces growth and protein export in malaria parasites
Authors: Charnaud Sarah C. , Kumarasingha Rasika , Bullen Hayley E. , Crabb Brendan S. , Gilson Paul R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMalaria parasites remodel their host erythrocytes to gain nutrients and avoid the immune system. Host erythrocytes are modified by hundreds of effectors proteins exported from the parasites into the host cell. Protein export is mediated by the PTEX translocon comprising five core components of which EXP2 is considered to form the putative pore that spans the vacuole membrane enveloping the parasite within its erythrocyte. To explore the function and importance of EXP2 for parasite survival in the asexual blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum we inducibly knocked down the expression of EXP2. Reduction in EXP2 expression strongly reduced parasite growth proportional to the degree of protein knockdown and tended to stall development about half way through the asexual cell cycle. Once the knockdown inducer was removed and EXP2 expression restored, parasite growth recovered dependent upon the length and degree of knockdown. To establish EXP2 function and hence the basis for growth reduction, the trafficking of an exported protein was monitored following EXP2 knockdown. This resulted in severe attenuation of protein export and is consistent with EXP2, and PTEX in general, being the conduit for export of proteins into the host compartment.
Evaluation of environmentally friendly inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel in phosphoric acid solution: unconventional approach
Authors: Rashid Khalid , Khadom Anees 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the corrosion inhibition of mild steel alloy in 2 M H3PO4solution by the pomegranate peel extract as a friendly inhibitor was studied at various temperatures, inhibitor concentrations and immersion times.Design/methodology/approachA weight loss method was used to evaluate the corrosion rate. The experimental Taguchi design method was used for the distribution of experiments. The experimental design gave results which were impossible to show graphically. However, this problem was solved effectively with the aid of regression analysis.FindingsCorrosion rate increased with temperature according to Arrhenius equation. It was found that the efficiency of inhibition was increased with an increase in the concentration of inhibitor and immersion time. However, this diminishes with increased temperature. According to Langmuir isotherm, the inhibitor was adsorbed physically on steel surface. The negative sign of estimated heat of adsorption suggests a stable spontaneous inhibition process. Combination of mathematical and statistical analysis was proposed to demonstrate the results of corrosion rate with high correlation coefficients. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer examinations confirmed that the organic inhibitor consists of phenolic components as main materials.Originality/valueUsing unconventional approach for evaluation of environmentally friendly inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel in phosphoric acid solution.
When do investors value board gender diversity?
Authors: Groening Christopher 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to use the passage of the Italian Gender Diversity Law to help isolate the effects of board gender diversity on firm value by investigating conditions under which such diversity provides greater role-enhancing resources to the board.Design/methodology/approachThis paper used a one-day event study to measure when gender diversity matters to investors. Abnormal returns from Italian firms were used to study investors’ anticipated outcomes of the effect of gender diversity on firm value.FindingsBoard gender diversity is financially beneficial especially for firms with a male dual CEO and board chair and with few or no women on board committees and firms that operate in industries with greater levels of competition. Addition of these moderators more than doubles the variance explained. Moreover, the effect of gender is isolated in this study, which examined investor reaction to the expectation of increases in the number of female board members, rather than to specific female appointees.Social implicationsDetermining the conditions when a gender diverse matters to firm value is important for shareholders, policymakers and advocates for gender equality. The findings illustrate precise conditions for stakeholders to make the case for board gender diversity as achieving financial reward, in addition to societal benefit.Originality/valueThe value of a gender diverse board is contingent on the company’s need for diverse resources (e.g. more competition, lack of gender diversity on committees or CEO duality). This paper provides insight as to why prior research linking board gender diversity to firm value finds seemingly contradictory results. Thus, this paper provides useful insights for researchers, boards and legislative bodies.
Pilot study to measure wheelchair users’ space requirements in the bathroom
Authors: Morales Ernesto , Gamache Stéphanie , Routhier François , Rousseau Jacqueline , Doyle Olivier 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a methodology to measure the circulation area required by a manual or powered wheelchair within a toilet stall and present the range of possible results that can be collected when used in an experimental bathroom setup.

Design/methodology/approach
A bathroom environment containing a toilet, grab bars and two transparent acrylic panels suspended on rails to simulate walls was built. Three setups were experimented: 1,500 mm from the walls, 1,500 mm diagonally from the toilet and 1,700 mm from the walls. For each of the participants, markers were placed on the back and on the rear of the wheelchair and one on the toes of the participants. The Vicon® optical motion capture system was used to register the markers’ position in the 3D space.

Findings
The methodology proved to be relatively easy to install, efficient and easy to interpret in terms of results. It provides specific points from which it is possible to measure the trajectories of markers and calculate the polygonal projection of the area covered by each participant. The results showed that manual and powered wheelchair users required, respectively, 100 and 300 mm more than the minimum 1,500 mm wall-to-wall area to complete a rotation task in front of the toilet.

Originality/value
These results showed that the 1,500 mm gyration area proposed in the Canadian Code of Construction is not sufficient for manual and powered wheelchair users to circulate easily in toilet stalls. The methodology can provide evidence to support the improvement of construction norms in terms of accessible circulation areas.
Intestinal barrier integrity in patients with plaque psoriasis
Authors: Sikora Mariusz , Chrabąszcz Magdalena , Maciejewski Cezary , Zaremba Michał , Waśkiel Anna , Olszewska Małgorzata , Rudnicka Lidia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease. Growing evidence suggests that human homeostasis depends on a mutualistic relationship with gut bacteria that produce a number of biologically active compounds. Therefore, enteric microbiota dysbiosis with gut barrier disruption may be an important factor in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of our study was to assess non‐invasive markers of intestinal barrier integrity in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Concentrations of claudin‐3 (intestinal epithelial tight junction structure) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I‐FABP; marker of enterocyte damage) were determined in the blood of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis (n = 20) and healthy individuals (n = 20) using commercially available enzyme‐linked immunoassay test kits. Claudin‐3 concentration was higher in patients with psoriasis compared with healthy control (median, 54.07 vs 42.36 ng/mL; P < 0.001). Patients with psoriasis also had elevated concentration of plasma I‐FABP (median, 708.8 vs 147.1 pg/mL; P < 0.05). Our results support the hypothesis that dysfunction of the intestinal barrier in psoriasis disturbs the homeostatic equilibrium between the microbiota and immune system. Further studies are needed in order to develop new therapeutic interventions based on modulation of intestinal permeability.
Alopecia areata and overt thyroid diseases: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Han Tae Young , Lee June Hyunkyung , Noh Tai Kyung , Choi Min Wha , Yun Jae‐Seung , Lee Kyung Ho , Bae Jung Min 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAn association between alopecia areata (AA) and other autoimmune diseases has been reported. We investigated the associations between AA and overt autoimmune thyroid diseases. A nationwide, population‐based, cross‐sectional study was performed using the Korea National Health Insurance claims database. We defined patients with AA as those whose records showed at least four physician contacts in which AA, alopecia totalis (AT) or alopecia universalis (AU) was the principal diagnosis. We also established an age‐ and sex‐matched control group without AA. In a subgroup analysis, patients with AT or AU were classified into the severe AA group, and the remainder were classified into the mild to moderate AA group. Patients with AA were at an increased risk of Graves’ disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.415; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.317–1.520) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (OR, 1.157; 95% CI, 1.081–1.237), and the associations were stronger in the severe AA group (Graves’ disease: OR, 1.714; 95% CI, 1.387–2.118; Hashimoto thyroiditis: OR, 1.398; 95% CI, 1.137–1.719). In conclusion, AA was significantly associated with overt autoimmune thyroid diseases. Furthermore, the risk was much higher in the severe AA group.
EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, inhibits inflammatory infiltration and angiogenesis in mice with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Ju Xin , Yang Xi , Yan Tao , Chen Huaicheng , Song Zongming , Zhang Zongduan , Wu Wencan , Wang Yi 
Published: September 2018

SummaryDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most frequently occurring microvascular complications of diabetes. Recent evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are critical pathogenic players in non‐neoplastic diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy and DR. However, the precise pathogenic mechanism of EGFR in DR has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we developed a type 1 diabetic early‐stage retinopathy mouse model using injections of streptozotocin and an oxygen‐induced end‐stage diabetic retinopathy (OIR) model characterized by hypoxia‐induced revascularization. We tested the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of DR can be reduced by the classic EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, in the mouse models. Our data indicated that treatment of AG1478 prevented retinal dysfunction, and reduced impairment of retinal structures as well as mitochondrial structures in retinal blood vessels in diabetic mice. Furthermore, AG1478 reduced neovascular tufts formation but had no effects on revascularization at the avascular sites when compared to untreated littermates in the OIR model. Our findings provide strong evidence that EGFR critically promoted retinal dysfunction, retinal structural impairment, and retinal vascular abnormalities in models of DR. We conclude that EGFR can be a potential important therapeutic target for treatment of DR.
When patients’ invisible work becomes visible: non‐adherence and the routine task of pill‐taking
Authors: Huyard Caroline , Haak Harm , Derijks Luc , Lieverse Louis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile the biographical dimensions of chronic illness have been well researched, the concrete dimensions of patients’ work have not been as thoroughly investigated as yet. With the growing concern for self‐management, such research would be timely. This study aims to better understand patients’ invisible work by highlighting the causes of unintentional non‐adherence as well as strategies for adherence. For this purpose, it defines medical treatment adherence as the repetition of the pattern of tasks through which a patient succeeds, in a technical sense, in taking the right medication at the right time, in the right amount, for the right duration. Applying a failure modes and effects analysis approach to 48 semi‐structured interviews with Dutch patients, it shows the negative impact of schedule changes, pressure, positioning changes, lack of backup pills and lack of verification tools. Symmetrically, it highlights the role of anchoring, sequencing, positioning, cueing, correcting and verifying. This result points to the need for an analytical approach of patients’ work and treatment adherence that would build on the role of routines in organisations and in the workplace.
The virtuous circle of human resource investments: A precrisis and postcrisis analysis
Authors: Roca‐Puig Vicente , Bou‐Llusar Juan‐Carlos , Beltrán‐Martín Inmaculada , García‐Juan Beatriz 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe propose a dynamic model of positive feedback between human resource (HR) investments and companies' economic performance. The model assumes that HR investment increases profitability through labor productivity and, in turn, profitability improves HR investment through organizational slack. Based on data from a sample of 2,497 industrial companies over a 7‐year period (2005–2011), longitudinal analysis corroborates the existence of a two‐way relationship between HR investment and profitability over time. However, the emergence of an economic crisis weakens this feedback, identifying the effect of organizational slack on HR investment as the weakest causal chain link. In a postcrisis period, HR investment is not such a high priority for managers.