bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the unsupported upper‐limb exercise test in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Cetin Sebahat Yaprak , Basakci Calik Bilge , Ayan Ayse , Cavlak Ugur 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease which affects the performance of the upper extremities. There is no method to evaluate the specific upper extremity endurance of individuals with this disease. The unsupported upper‐limb exercise test (UULEX) is a performance test that evaluates upper extremity performance (functionality and endurance).AimThe aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of UULEX and the minimal detectable change (MDC) in individuals with RA.Methods and MaterialsThe study included 71 patients (15 male, 56 female) with a mean age of 52.15 ± 10.11 years. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the reliability of UULEX. MDC estimates were calculated using baseline data. Correlations of UULEX with the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), 30‐second push‐up test and 6 pegboard ring test (6PBRT) were assessed for concurrent validity.ResultsThe level, weight and duration scores of the UULEX test were found to be excellent for intra‐rater reliability (ICC = 0.922, 0.960, 0.958). Intra‐rater MDC values were determined to be 0.35, 2.04, and 0.80 seconds, respectively. Moderate‐excellent correlations were found between UULEX and DASH, HAQ, 30‐second push‐up test and 6PBRT (P < .05).ConclusionThe results of this study showed that UULEX test is a valid and reliable method for the assessment of upper extremity performance in individuals with RA.
The Role of Drugs in Alcohol Poisoning and Blackout Events: A Latent Class Analysis of a Residential Treatment Sample
Authors: Fernandez Anne C. , Gicquelais Rachel E. , Jannausch Mary , Bohnert Amy S.B. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundAlcohol can lead to fatal and nonfatal overdose (OD) through its neurobiological inhibitory effects when used alone or with other drugs. Little research has examined alcohol OD characteristics in the context of concomitant drug use.MethodsThis study utilized alcohol OD data (defined as alcohol poisoning, passing out, or blacking out) collected in a large residential addiction treatment facility (N = 660). Latent class analysis identified classes of alcohol OD events based on concomitant drug use at the time of OD. We evaluated correlates of alcohol OD classes, including depression, emergency medical services, and hospitalization, using latent class regression.ResultsOnly 20% of alcohol ODs involved alcohol alone. Marijuana was the most commonly used drug during the most recent alcohol OD (43.2%), followed by sedatives (27.9%), cocaine or crack (25.9%), prescription opioids (26.1%), and heroin (20%). The final latent class model included 3 classes: no/low drug involvement (61%), moderate drug involvement (33%), and high drug involvement (6%). Relative to the no/low drug involvement class, participants admitted to the hospital were 6.4‐fold more likely to be in the high drug involvement class (95% CI: 2.4 to 16.6) and 2.9‐fold more likely to be in the moderate drug involvement class (95% CI: 1.2 to 7.2). Participants receiving emergency medical services were more likely to be in the high drug involvement class (aOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 2.2, 1.1 to 4.5) and less likely to be in the moderate drug involvement class (aOR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.2 to 0.96).ConclusionsCombining drug classes with alcohol prior to OD was common and associated with a higher likelihood of hospitalization. Overdose prevention efforts should address acute risks of alcohol ingestion with other drugs.
Analyst versus model‐based earnings forecasts: implied cost of capital applications
Authors: Paton Alexander P. , Cannavan Damien , Gray Stephen , Hoang Khoa 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe find that a composite implied cost of capital (ICC) estimate – based on the earnings forecasts generated by cross‐sectional models – is highly correlated with future realised returns in both portfolio‐ and regression‐based tests. By contrast, we find very little evidence for an association with future realised returns for an ICC estimate based on analyst earnings forecasts. We also document the time‐varying nature of expected returns and risk premia, and provide up‐to‐date estimates of an implied Australian market risk premium.
Untreated alcohol use disorder in people who inject drugs (PWID) in France: a major barrier to HCV treatment uptake (the ANRS‐FANTASIO study)
Authors: Barré Tangui , Marcellin Fabienne , Di Beo Vincent , Delorme Jessica , Rojas Rojas Teresa , Mathurin Philippe , Protopopescu Camelia , Bailly François , Coste Marion , Authier Nicolas , Carrieri Maria Patrizia , Rolland Benjamin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough people who inject drugs (PWID) are the core at‐risk population in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic in industrialized countries, few initiate treatment. Alcohol use disorder (AUD), common within this population, has been identified as a barrier to HCV treatment uptake in the general population. We investigated whether the arrival of new and well‐tolerated HCV treatments (direct‐acting antivirals: DAA) has improved HCV treatment uptake in French PWID compared with former treatments (pegylated interferon‐based treatments: Peg‐IFN).DesignUsing discrete‐time Cox proportional hazards models based on exhaustive care delivery data, we tested for associations between AUD (defined by AUD‐related long‐term illness status, diagnosis coding during hospitalization and/or AUD pharmacological treatment) and first HCV treatment delivery, after adjusting for gender, age, complementary universal health cover, liver disease severity and type of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) received. Separate analyses were performed for 2012–13 (Peg‐IFN era) and 2014–16 (DAA era).SettingFrance.ParticipantsAll French people chronically HCV‐infected who received OAT at least once during 2012–16 and were covered by the national health insurance (n = 24 831).MeasurementsIncidence rate of HCV treatment uptake, hazard ratios associated with AUD and other covariates.FindingsIncidence rate (IR) of HCV treatment uptake per 100 person‐years was 6.56, confidence interval (CI) = 6.30–6.84; and IR = 5.70, 95% CI = 5.51–5.89 for Peg‐IFN‐based treatment (2012–13) and DAA (2014–16), respectively. After multiple adjustment, people with AUD not receiving related medication had 30 and 14% lower Peg‐IFN‐based treatment and DAA uptake, respectively, than those without AUD [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.62–0.80 and HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.78–0.94]. No difference was observed between those treated for AUD and those without AUD.ConclusionsDespite the benefits of direct‐acting antiviral treatment, untreated alcohol use disorder appears to remain a major barrier to hepatitis C virus treatment access for people who inject drugs in France.
Cost‐effectiveness of e‐cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy in stop smoking services in England (TEC study): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Jinshuo , Hajek Peter , Pesola Francesca , Wu Qi , Phillips‐Waller Anna , Przulj Dunja , Myers Smith Katie , Bisal Natalie , Sasieni Peter , Dawkins Lynne , Ross Louise , Goniewicz Maciej Lukasz , McRobbie Hayden , Parrott Steve 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of e‐cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid used in routine stop smoking services in England.DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis was performed from the National Health Service (NHS) and Personal Social Services (PSS) perspective for 12‐month periods and life‐time. Costs, including that of both treatments, other smoking cessation help and health‐care services, and health benefits, estimated from EQ‐5D‐5L and measured in quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs), for the 12‐month analysis, came from a randomized controlled trial. Life‐time analysis was model‐based with input from both trial data and published secondary data sources. Cost‐effectiveness was measured by an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER).SettingThree stop‐smoking service sites in England.ParticipantsAdult smokers (n = 886) who sought help to quit in the participating sites.Intervention and comparatorAn e‐cigarette (EC) starter kit versus provision of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for up to 3 months, both with standard behavioural support. A total of 886 participants were randomized (439 in the EC arm, 447 in the NRT arm). Excluding one death in each arm, the 1‐year quit rate was 18.0 and 9.9%, respectively.MeasurementsCost of treatments was estimated from the treatment log. Costs of other smoking cessation help and health‐care services and EQ‐5D‐5 L were collected at baseline, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. Incremental costs and incremental QALYs were estimated using regression adjusting for baseline covariates and their respective baseline values.FindingsThe ICER was £1100 per QALY gained at the 12 months after quit date (87% probability below £20 000/QALY). Markov model estimated the life‐time ICER of EC to be £65 per QALY (85% probability below £20 000/QALY).ConclusionUsing e‐cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid with standard behavioural support in stop‐smoking services in England is likely to be more cost‐effective than using nicotine replacement therapy in the same setting.
Does sustainable intensification of maize production enhance child nutrition? Evidence from rural Tanzania
Authors: Kim Jongwoo , Mason Nicole M. , Snapp Sieglinde , Wu Felicia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFood insecurity, child malnutrition, and land degradation remain persistent problems in sub‐Saharan Africa. Agricultural sustainable intensification (SI) has been proposed as a possible solution to simultaneously address these challenges. Yet there is little empirical evidence on if agricultural management practices and inputs that contribute to SI from an environmental standpoint do indeed improve food security or child nutrition. We use three waves of data from the nationally‐representative Tanzania National Panel Survey to analyze the child nutrition effects of rural households’ adoption of farming practices that can contribute to the SI of maize production. We group households into four categories based on their use of three soil fertility management practices on their maize plots: “Nonadoption”; “Intensification” (use of inorganic fertilizer only); “Sustainable” (use of organic fertilizer, maize–legume intercropping, or both); and “SI” (joint use of inorganic fertilizer with organic fertilizer and/or maize–legume intercropping). The results from multinomial endogenous treatment effects models with the Mundlak–Chamberlain device suggest that use of practices in the “SI” category is associated with improvements in children's height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age z‐scores relative to “Nonadoption,” particularly for children aged 25–59 months. These effects appear to come through improvements in both crop income and productivity.
MTF1 binds to metal‐responsive element e within the ATP7B promoter and is a strong candidate in regulating the ATP7B expression
Authors: Stalke Amelie , Pfister Eva‐Doreen , Baumann Ulrich , Illig Thomas , Reischl Eva , Sandbothe Maria , Vajen Beate , Huge Nicole , Schlegelberger Brigitte , von Neuhoff Nils , Skawran Britta 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from copper excess. Some patients with clinical Wilson's disease symptoms exhibit no or only heterozygous pathogenic variants in the coding region of the disease‐causing ATP7B gene. Therefore, the ATP7B promoter region is of special interest. Metal‐responsive elements (MREs) located in the ATP7B promoter are promising motifs in modulating the ATP7B expression. We studied protein interaction of MREe, MREc, and MREd by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and revealed specific interactions for all MREs. We further narrowed down the specific binding site. Proteins potentially binding to the three MREs were identified by MatInspector analyses. Metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF1) could be validated to bind to MREe by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. ATP7B promoter‐driven reporter gene expression was significantly increased because of this interaction. MTF1 is a strong candidate in regulating the ATP7B expression through MREe binding.
The effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure: From cells to patient reports
Authors: Khuanjing Thawatchai , Palee Siripong , Chattipakorn Siriporn C. , Chattipakorn Nipon 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCardiovascular diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure are associated with cardiac autonomic imbalance characterized by sympathetic overactivity and parasympathetic withdrawal from the heart. Increased parasympathetic activity by electrical vagal nerve stimulation has been shown to provide beneficial effects in the case of cardiovascular diseases in both animals and patients by improving autonomic function, cardiac remodelling and mitochondrial function. However, clinical limitations for electrical vagal nerve stimulation exist because of its invasive nature, costly equipment and limited clinical validation. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches which moderate parasympathetic activities could be beneficial for in the case of cardiovascular disease. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors inhibit acetylcholinesterase and hence increase cholinergic transmission. Recent studies have reported that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors improve autonomic function and cardiac function in cardiovascular disease models. Despite its potential clinical benefits for cardiovascular disease patients, the role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure remediation remains unclear. This article comprehensively reviews the effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on the heart in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure scenarios from in vitro and in vivo studies to clinical reports. The mechanisms involved are also discussed in this review.
Analysis of the clinical impact of NPM1 mutant allele burden in a large cohort of younger adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Linch David C. , Hills Robert K. , Burnett Alan K. , Russell Nigel , Gale Rosemary E. 
Published: October 2019

SummaryAlthough an NPM1 mutation is generally considered to be a good prognostic marker in acute myeloid leukaemia, it has recently been suggested that a higher level of NPM1 mutant (NPM1MUT) alleles relative to wild‐type alleles is associated with poor clinical outcome. We therefore sought to confirm this finding in a larger study of 876 NPM1MUT cases entered into UK national trials. In univariate analysis, the higher NPM1MUT allele burden was associated with a lower complete remission (CR) rate, higher relapse rate and reduced overall survival, but this was largely attributable to the association of the higher NPM1MUT allele burden with other known poor risk factors, particularly the presence of a concomitant FLT3 internal tandem duplication. In multivariate analysis, there was no significant impact of the NPM1MUT allele burden on CR rates, and the impact on relapse and overall survival, whilst still significant, was greatly reduced. This impact was similar in patients who did or did not receive an allogeneic transplant in first CR. We conclude that the binary presence or absence of an NPM1 mutation, combined with minimal residual disease levels following induction therapy, should continue to be used in therapeutic management rather than stratification according to the NPM1MUT level.
The Role of Agency in Shaping the Educational Journeys of Care‐experienced Adults: Insights from a Life Course Study of Education and Care
Authors: Brady Eavan , Gilligan Robbie 
Published: October 2019

Research examining the low educational attainment of children in care and care leavers tends to underuse social theory (Berridge, 2007). To contribute to addressing this gap, we use life course theory to explore the role of agency in shaping the educational pathways of 18 Irish adults (aged 24–36 years) with care experience. Findings suggest that agency is a valuable conceptual tool for examining the nuance and complexity of how individual actions shape the education of care‐experienced adults throughout the life course and interact with contextual and structural factors over time.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with and without prior cardiovascular events: An updated meta‐analysis and subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mannucci Edoardo , Dicembrini Ilaria , Nreu Besmir , Monami Matteo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo conduct a meta‐analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials on the effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).MethodsA search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane database and clinicaltrials.gov was performed to identify controlled trials (up to 15 June 2019) of GLP‐1RAs with a cardiovascular endpoint. The principal endpoint of the present meta‐analysis was MACE; secondary endpoints included myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality, and hospitalization for heart failure. Mantel–Haenszel odds ratios (MH‐ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for all outcomes.ResultsIn the seven trials included, all placebo‐controlled, GLP‐1RA treatment was associated with a reduction in MACE (MH‐OR 0.87 [95% CI 0.81, 0.93]). Cardiovascular and all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke were also reduced (MH‐OR 0.88 [95% CI 0.80, 0.96], MH‐OR 0.90 [95% CI 0.82, 0.98], MH‐OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.84, 0.98] and MH‐OR 0.86 [95% CI 0.77, 0.97], respectively). Results for hospitalization for heart failure were not statistically significant (MH‐OR 0.93 [95% CI 0.83, 1.04]). The meta‐analyses of patient subgroups showed a significant reduction in MACE with GLP‐1RAs, irrespective of gender, advanced age and obesity.ConclusionsGLP‐1RAs are associated with a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in high‐risk patients with diabetes. This effect does not appear to be moderated by gender or body mass index. The possibility of different effects of GLP‐1RAs between patients in primary and secondary prevention merits further investigation.
Comparative cardiovascular and hypoglycaemic safety of glimepiride in type 2 diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Douros Antonios , Dell'Aniello Sophie , Yu Oriana Hoi Yun , Suissa Samy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the incidence of cardiovascular and hypoglycaemic adverse events associated with glimepiride compared with other second‐generation sulphonylureas among patients with type 2 diabetes in a real‐world clinical setting.Materials and methodsWe identified all sulphonylurea initiators between 1998 and 2017 in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Using a prevalent new‐user design, glimepiride initiators were matched 1:4 with initiators of other second‐generation sulphonylureas on calendar time, prior sulphonylurea use, and time‐conditional high‐dimensional propensity score. Cox proportional hazards models yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, severe hypoglycaemia, cardiovascular death, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsAmong 66 032 sulphonylurea new users, 6438 initiated glimepiride and were matched to up to 20 582 initiators of other second‐generation sulphonylureas. During a mean follow‐up of 1.3 years, glimepiride was associated with a similar incidence of myocardial infarction (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.75–1.30) and ischaemic stroke (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.72–1.27) compared with other second‐generation sulphonylureas, while there was a non‐significant trend towards a higher incidence of severe hypoglycaemia (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.92–1.68). Glimepiride was also associated with a lower incidence of all‐cause mortality (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.89), and a non‐significant but similar trend for cardiovascular death (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.65–1.05).ConclusionsGlimepiride was associated with a lower incidence of all‐cause mortality compared with other second‐generation sulphonylureas.
Uneven centuries: Turkey's experience with economic development since 1820
Authors: Pamuk Şevket 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article examines the economic development of Turkey from a comparative global perspective. With the help of GDP per capita and other series, it shows that Turkey's record in economic growth and human development since 1820 has been close to world averages and a little above developing country averages. The early focus of the article is on the proximate causes—average rates of investment, below‐average rates of schooling, low rates of total productivity growth, and low technology content of production—which provide important insights into why GDP per capita increases were not any higher. For the deeper causes, the article emphasizes the role of institutions and institutional change. Turkey's formal economic institutions had been influenced by international rules since the nineteenth century, and these rules did not always support economic development. Turkey's elites also made extensive changes in formal political and economic institutions. Formal institutions were only part of the story, however. The direction of institutional change also depended on the political order and the degree of understanding between different groups and their elites. When the political system could not manage the recurring tensions and cleavages between the different elites, economic outcomes suffered.
Parental Confirmation, Body Dissatisfaction, and Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Female College Students
Authors: Taniguchi Emiko 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveTo examine whether parental communication is associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating among college‐age daughters and whether these associations are mediated by psychological well‐being.BackgroundAppearance‐related parental comments such as weight criticism have been shown to contribute to daughters' body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Yet less is known about how the general quality of parental communication that is not directly related to appearance is associated with these problems.MethodStructural equation modeling was used with a convenience sample of 306 undergraduate women who completed an online survey that included perceptions of mothers' and fathers' acceptance (i.e., warmth and care) and challenge (i.e., pushing children so that they can achieve greater success).ResultsParental confirmation was associated with greater psychological well‐being, which, in turn, was negatively related to body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors. The associations of acceptance and challenge with body dissatisfaction differed by parental sex.ConclusionThe findings suggest that body‐satisfied daughters who are less likely to engage in disordered eating have (a) a combination of accepting and challenging communication from mothers and (b) accepting (not challenging) communication from fathers.ImplicationsFamily practitioners are encouraged to educate parents about the link between their communication and daughters' issues surrounding body image and eating behaviors.