bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and In-Vitro Evaluation as an Oral Microsponge Tablet of Baclofen
Authors: Alatraqchi Faten Ibraheem , J. AL Gawhri Fatima 
Published: June 2019

The aim of the present study is to formulate floating effervescent microsponge tablet of the narrow absorption window drug, Baclofen (BFN) for controlling drug release and thereby decrease the side effect of the drug. The microsponges of BFN were prepared by non-aqueous emulsion solvent diffusion method (oil in oil emulsion method). The effects of drug: polymer ratio, stirring time and type of Eudragit polymer on the physical characteristics of microsponges were investigated and characterized for production yield, loading efficiency, particle size, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release from microsponges. The selected microsponge formula was incorporated into the floating effervescent gastro-retentive tablet. The prepared floating microsponge tablet was evaluated for tablet hardness, friability, swelling in addition to in vitro drug release. The results showed that the microsponge formula with Eudragit RS100 had optimum physical properties and controlled drug release (75% of drug release in 8 hr.) when compared with other formulas and pure baclofen. The oil in oil emulsion method is a promising method to produce baclofen microsponge.
Surface Layer Microstructure of Carburised and Bainitically Transformed Parts and their Mechanical Properties∗
Authors: Steinbacher M. , Hoffmann F. , Zoch H.-W. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In many applications in the roller bearing industry, bainitic microstructures are considered superior to martensitic [1–3] due to their specific advantages such as compressive residual stresses at the surface of a though hardened steel component and the increased toughness for hypereutectoid steels. Especially tolerance to damage incurred in operation, manifested in such roller bearings by extreme flaking of the bearing surfaces, yet without failure in operation, constitutes a clear advantage compared to martensitic bearings, being prone to circumferential failure even after slight damage to the bearing surface. Bainitic transformed surface layers are hardly an issue for case-hardened components, for instance, toothed gearbox components that will typically be martensitic hardened after carburising. The reason for this is, among others, that compressive residual stresses can already be achieved after carburising and martensitic hardening and the advantage of residual compressive stresses in the surface layer of a bainitic hardened component to increase fatigue strength are therefore not in focus. Isothermal transformation into lower bainite of a carburised surface layer nevertheless promises advantages in terms of the mechanical characteristics of components treated in this way, due to the increased toughness compared to martensitic microstructures and the expected more favourable residual stresses that can be achieved. The combination of carburisation and bainitic transformation in the lower bainite temperature range has not yet been comprehensively and systematically examined and evaluated. The results of the examination shown in this paper are aimed at laying the foundations for wide applications of this combination of processes.
Adjustment of Lifetime-Increasing Surface Layer States by Complementary Machining∗
Authors: Gerstenmeyer M. , Hartmann J. , Zanger F. , Schulze V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
During manufacturing of metallic components, thermo-mechanical loadings induce surface layer states like topography or residual stresses, which influence the component properties like fatigue strength. In order to optimize the component properties, a mechanical surface treatment can be carried out after the machining process. In this work, the influence of the process parameters processing velocity and penetration depth on the resulting tool wear during external longitudinal turning of AISI 4140q&t by Complementary Machining is analyzed. The process strategy Complementary Machining (CM) combines machining and mechanical surface treatment using the cutting tool. The mechanical surface treatment takes place after the machining in the opposite machining direction. The results of this study show that the process variables have an influence on the tool wear and thus directly influence the resulting topography. The fatigue analysis shows that the fatigue strength after Complementary Machining is comparable to that of shot peening. Furthermore, the concept of local fatigue strength is used to show the extent that residual stress reduction as a result of cyclic loading affects the fatigue strength.
Internal Quenching: Ideal Heat Treatment for Difficult to Access Component Sections∗
Authors: Muehl F. , Dietrich S. , Schulze V. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The heat treatment method Internal Quenching constitutes an alternative method to increase the surface strength of internally loaded high pressure steel components like common rail parts, pipelines, or valves. With the prototypic Internal Quenching device, which was built up at IAM-WK, it is possible to generate hardened surfaces and influence residual stresses in the inner surface of through-drilled parts. This is reached through an austenitisation followed by an internal quenching step, which leads to a martensitic microstructure and compressive residual stresses. Furthermore, it is possible to heat the outer surface by inductive heating during the quenching process which helps to avoid a through hardening of the parts. Due to that various heat treatment strategies can be realized and the residual stresses in the inner surface could be tailored to the load situation.
A Screening Approach for Rapid Qualitative Evaluation of Residual-Stress States – Application to Laser-Hardened Microalloyed Steel
Authors: Fischer A. , Scholtes B. , Niendorf T. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Surface hardening and compressive residual stresses are keys to superior part performance in numerous applications. In this context the development of advanced laser surface treatments for new materials and complex sample shapes is a time consuming process. Eventually, determination of residual stress states by means of X-ray diffraction in the whole surface and subsurface region, respectively, is one of the main time consuming facors in terms of characterization. In many applications the provision of an adequate distribution of compressive residual stresses, however, is needed for approval of parts. In the present work it is shown that micrograph analysis can be used to provide the zero transition zone of residual stresses revealing the relevant penetration depth of the laser treatment conducted. One single surface stress scan employing standard techniques only is needed to verify the sign of residual stresses induced by the treatment. In fact, the screening approach introduced in this study enables time- and cost-efficent development processes for studying new sets of laser hardening parameters.
Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HADS) Üzerine Bir Çalışma
Authors: Tetik Küçükelçi Didem 
Published: June 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Hastane
Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği’ni, bedensel rahatsızlığı olmayan bir örnekleme
uygulayarak sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Günümüz yoğun hayat şartlarında
anksiyete ve depresyon gibi şikâyetlere sahip kişilerin sayısı her geçen gün
artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeğindeki
maddeler, ‘hastane’ sözcüğü kullanılmadan sağlıklı bireylere yöneltilmiştir.
Çalışma, bedensel rahatsızlığı olmayan ve İstanbul’da yaşayan 276 kişi ile
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların 240’ı kadın, 36’sı erkektir. Yaşları 35 ve
üzerinde 182 kişi, üniversite mezunu olanlar ise 178 kişidir. Ayrıca
katılımcıların 142’si yönetici statüsünde çalışmaktadır. İş tecrübesi 16 yıl ve
üzeri olanlar ise 114 kişidir. Katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler SPSS 22.0 ve
AMOS 22.0 ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapı geçerliği için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ile
Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi kullanılmıştır. Buna göre; (p&lt;0.05) olmak üzere ki-kare(57.984), ki-kare/df (2.899) model test değerlerine
göre, doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin anlamlı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Ayrıca uyum indeks değerleri GFI
(.958), CFI (.953), SRMR (.0487), RMSEA (.080) “kabul
edilebilir uyum” sınırları dâhilinde yer almaktadır (Kline, 2005; Sümer,
2000). Analizler sonucunda, ölçeğe ait 14 maddeden 2 tanesi faktör yükleri
düşük olduğu için elenmiştir. Literatürde 2 faktör altında toplanmış olan bu
ölçek, bu çalışmada 3 faktör altında toplanmıştır. 12 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin
faktörleri, anksiyete, depresyon ve hafif depresyon şeklinde adlandırılmıştır.
Ayrıca, güvenilirlik analizi kapsamında hesaplanan Cronbach’s Alpha (0.81) ve
AVE ile CR değerleri de hesaplanmıştır. Cronbach’s Alpha (0.81) değeri ile
oldukça güvenilir düzeydedir. AVE ve CR değerleri de ölçekte faktör bazında
hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçlara göre, AVE değerleri tercih edildiği gibi 0.50
değerinden, CR değerleri de 0.70 değerinden daha büyüktür. Ayrıca CR
değerlerinin de tercih edildiği şekilde AVE değerlerinden büyük olduğu
hesaplamalar sonucunda ortaya konmuştur. Tüm bu analizler ve çalışmalar
ölçeğin, bedensel hastalığı olmayan bireylere uygulanabilir olduğunu
göstermektedir. Ölçek, bedensel rahatsızlığı olmayan örneklemler için de
güvenilir, geçerli ve kullanılabilirdir.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF THINK PAIR SHARE DI KELAS X SMA NEGERI 1 PADANG BOLAK
Authors: Hasibuan Ade Isma , Abubakar Abubakar , Harahap Fatma Suryani 
Published: June 2019

The problem of this research is the low of the student’ ability critical thinkig and the result of student study of SMA Negeri 1 Padang Bolak in class ten. The goal of this research is to make the critical thinking of the student of the student better and to make better the result of their study is chemistry by using cooperatif studying think pair share. The tool to collect the data is test of ability in critical thinking questioner of critical thinking, paper of student activity and also teacher work. The observation kind of research is class action research (PTK). The result of the student study by using studying method of student cooperatif think pair share in the class of ten and according to the result of the student ability in critical thinking in the first siclus is 16 the student pass the tes and the second siclus about 25 the student pass the test from 30 student follow student tes. The result questioner of critical thinking first siclus is enough and second siclus is very good. The result activity observation student has increased as well as the teacher performance observation that has increased. From the research we kow that there is the growth i the questioner of student thinking thinking ability, student activities and the teachers ability in using think pair pair share cooperative studying model in class ten of Mia-4 SMA Negeri 1 Padang Bolak. So, this model can be used i chemistry study and others.
Диригентська школа Євгена Вахняка на тлі хорової культури України.
Authors: Chuchman Vasyl 
Published: June 2019

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати функціонування диригентської школи Євгена Вахняка в контексті хорової культури України другої половини ХХ століття. Методологія дослідження передбачає застосування історико-генетичного, аналітичного, компаративного, музикознавчого, психологічно-типологічного та культурологічного методів. Зазначений методологічний підхід дозволяє здійснити комплексний аналіз змісту, форм, методів, цілей і результатів творчості Є. Вахняка, виявити низку суб’єктивних (індивідуальних особистісних рис) та об’єктивних (регіональних та загальнонаціональних традицій, тенденцій епохи) факторів, що стали визначальними у формуванні виконавських, педагогічних, методичних, репертуарних функціональних компонентів його диригентської школи. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше в українському музикознавстві розглядається виконавська та педагогічна діяльність Є. Вахняка в аспекті окремої диригентської школи. Висновки. Результати комплексного аналізу диригентсько-педагогічної діяльності Є. Вахняка дають підстави трактувати її як диригентську школу, яка, синтезувавши здобутки галицької та київської хорових традицій, стала знаковим феноменом хорової культури України.
Асоціація поліморфізму гена ендотеліальної NO-синтази (NOS3–786T>C) з тяжкістю діастолічної дисфункції лівого шлуночка і легеневої гіпертензії в пацієнтів із серцевою недостатністю та збереженою фракцією викиду лівого шлуночка
Authors: Amosova K. M. , Cherniaieva K. I. , Rudenko Yu. V. , Natrus L. V. , Bezrodnyi A. B. , Kovalenko A. A. , Lysak Z. V. 
Published: June 2019

The aim – to determine polymorphisms of the nitric oxide synthase gene -786T>C rs 2070744 and the association of the corresponding genotypes with the severity of left ventricle (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), pulmonary hypertension (PH) and elastic properties of the arteries in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF).Materials and methods. We included 69 patients (pts) with AH and HF with preserved EF (31 female (41.9 %) and 33 male (58.1 %)), aged 67.4±10.2 years; II–III class NYHA, hemodynamically stable. According to Shah’s criteria, the «aging» phenotype was identified in 11 (15.9 %) pts, «obesity» – 14 (20.3 %) pts, «coronary artery disease» – 16 (23.2 %) pts, «pulmonary hypertension» – 17 (24.6 %) pts (with a significant predominance of patients with CC genotype), «arterial hypertension» – 17 (24.6 %) pts.Results and discussion. «Wild» homozygous TT genotype was found in 34 pts (49.3 %, TT group), heterozygous TC genotype – in 21 pts (30.4 %, TC group) and «mutant» homozygous CC genotype – in 14 pts (20.3 %, CC group). The groups did not differ in gender (male 19 or 55.9 %, 12 or 60 % and 11 or 61.1 %, p<0.05) and average age (67.1±8.9, 65.4±10.6 and 64.9±10.3 years p>0.05), and in prevalence of comorbidities. The worst result of 6-minute walk test was in the CC group compared with TT and TC (371.8±77.7, 385.7±85.4 and 314.3±69.1, p<0.05), as well as higher NT-proBNP level (668.1±317.8, 636.9±433.2 and 806.9±369.7, p<0.05), greater LVMI (187.4±37.1, 182.2±25.7 and 195.2±28.5, p<0.05). There was markedly more pronounced DD LV in the CC group compared with TT and TC, according to average e’ (p<0.05) and E/e’ (p<0.05). SPAP was the highest in the CC group (p<0.05), as well as PCWP and TPG (p<0.05). Patients of the CC group had worse elastic properties of arteries according to AIx75 (p<0.001) and PWVc-f (p<0.05), with a decrease in SAC (by 38.2 and 29 % compared to TT and TC (p<0.05) and an increase in Ea, respectively, by 21 and 9 % (p<0.05). According to the cuff test in patients of the CC group, compared with those in the TT and TC groups, worsening of endotelium-dependent vasodilation, respectively by 19.8 and 17.3 % (p<0.05) was revealed.Conclusions. Compared to other polymorphisms, the CC genotype of the NOS3 rs 2070744 gene is associated with greater severity of DD LV, LH and impaired LV diastolic function and elastic properties of systemic arteries, according to pulse wave analysis in patients with AH and HF with preserved EF.
IPTEKS PROSEDUR PENGHAPUSAN BMN OLEH KPKNL MANADO
Authors: Karambut Andrew Malahasa , Lasewa Reinaldi , Gamaliel Hendrik 
Published: June 2019

In order manifest procedure deletion State wealth , accountability management Goods State property , destruction State wealth , and deletion State wealth , necessary existence the implementation of an efficient, if efekt and take responsibility answer in Goods State Property. total State assets which are in condition broken will to be problem in BMN management but should reported on report Goods State- owned or Balance sheet . On party the user goods required take responsibility answer in take care of and make use of Goods State- owned with the best that includes age economical , period benefits , shrinkage and supervision should always in report every the period to party always manager goods namely KPKNL Manado. Value The presented in balance is asset still . By because that , necessary there is effective management on Goods State property to produce balance sheet that can reliable with facts that occur in the field. Elimination Goods State Ownership is the last process in management Goods State- owned.Keywords : Procedures, State Property, Deletion
IPTEKS PENGENDALIAN INTERN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN UNIT APU DAN PPT PADA PT. BANK SULUTGO
Authors: Mangangantung Amanda N. , Ilat Ventje 
Published: June 2019

The level of money laundering cases is increasingly high and the issue of terrorism is so high at this time. making companies engaged in financial services must be more careful so as not to become a means for criminals to carry out their actions. SulutGo Bank is a Bank whose share ownership is managed by the Regional Government of North Sulawesi Province. In accordance with OJK regulation No. 12 of 2017 which requires that the implementation of anti-money laundering and prevention of terrorism funding programs in the financial service provider sector, then Bank SulutGo establish the A and PPT Unit (Anti Money Laundering and Prevention of Terrorism Funding). With the establishment of the APU and PPT Unit, it is expected to be able to help the internal control system carried out by PT. SulutGo Bank. And it can also minimize the occurrence of crime of money laundering and funding of terrorist activities.Keywords : Internal Control, APU-PPT units
Olaus Sirman runojen vertailevaa luentaa
Authors: Kallio Kati , Valtonen Taarna , Jouste Marko 
Published: June 2019

Olaus Sirman runojen vertailevaa luentaa: runojen poetiikka ja rakenne ympäröivien kulttuurien tekstien näkökulmasta
Vuonna 1673 Uppsalan yliopiston professori ja Ruotsin antikviteettikollegion assessori Johannes Schefferus julkaisi latinaksi kirjan Lapponia, joka sisältää kaksi Olaus Sirman antamaa runoa. Sirma oli Sodankylän alueella syntynyt saamelainen, Uppsalan yliopiston opiskelija ja myöhemmin pappismies Enontekiöllä. Sirman runojen luonteesta on kiistelty: ovatko ne yksilöllisiä taiteellisia luomuksia vai esimerkkejä tämän myöhemmin assimiloituneen saamelaisryhmän alkuperäisestä suullisen perinteen lajista? Dokumentoiko Sirma omaa suullista perinnettään, käytti tai muokkasi sitä kirjallisiin tarkoituksiin vai loiko hän jotain uutta?
Yhdistäen kielitieteen, folkloristiikan ja etnomusikologian näkökulmia vertailemme runoanalyysin tuloksia 1600-luvun oppineisiin runousihanteisiin sekä myöhemmin tallentuneisiin lähikulttuurien suullisiin perinteisiin (saami, suomi, ruotsi, venäjä). Sirman kaksi runoa näyttävän kuuluvaan kahteen eri laulun lajiin tai tyyliin. Ensimmäinen runo on selvästi sidoksissa sekä suullisena että kirjallisena laajalti suosittuun riiimillisen parisäkeen malliin, mutta se ei jaa olennaisimpia 1600-luvun kirjallisen runouden ihanteita. Toisen runon rakentumisen logiikka vaihtelevine säerakenteineen taas on lähempänä esimerkiksi joitain myöhempiä kolttasaamelaisia leu’ddeja kuin kirjallisia malleja.
Lähtökielen sanansisäisten soinnittomien klusiilien edustus kantasuomen balttilaislainoissa: Osa II. Edustus kohdekielen pitkän tavuaineksen jäljessä
Authors: Junttila Santeri 
Published: June 2019

In this article I intend to prove that the word-internal Baltic tenuis consonants k, t and p after a long syllable appear as the single stops k, t and p in old Baltic loanwords in Proto-Finnic in all regular instances, to confirm that all Finnic geminate stops after a long syllable have arisen after the end of the contacts between Baltic and Proto-Finnic.
I will critically assess the Baltic loan etymologies which contain geminate stops kk, tt and pp after a long syllable, at which point most of such etymologies will be rejected, and either the long syllable or the geminate stop in the Baltic loanwords kaikki, laukko and peikko in Finnish, malk and kurt in Estonian, will be shown to be secondary. Vowel contraction, like in kaikki, will be claimed as a frequent source of Finnic -ai-. In the possible Baltic loanwords haukkua, paukkua, ronkkua, harakka and peippo, the geminate stop will be explained as onomatopoeic. The two historically geminated Baltic borrowings, South Estonian kaugas and ärk ́, originate from more recent local contacts with Old Latgalian.
I will give more credible etymological explanations for 29 Finnic words, once claimed to be of Baltic origin. 18 of these explanations are already known, but I will specify the etymologies given to Finnish aitta, seitti, vaikku and Estonian kärpima, and support the origins of Finnish kartta, riitta and South Estonian kirges with new arguments. I will suggest new etymologies for 11 words: Finnish haitta, karppa, kurpponen, liettää, porkkana, Karelian nautti, Estonian karp, paat, Livonian keŗk, South Estonian käo|kirǵ and virṕ.
I will also present several cases, where words of different origin with similarities in both form and meaning have an influence on each other’s phonological and/or semantic development.
Saumatonta yhteistyötä ‒ Julie Wichmannin tutkimukset csángó-unkarilaisista
Authors: Lehtinen Ildikó 
Published: June 2019

Julie Wichmann eli unkarilaisittain Zsüli Wichmann vietti miehensä Yrjö Wichmannin kanssa syys- ja kevättalven marraskuusta 1906 maaliskuun loppuun 1907 Moldovan Szabófalvan kylässä Romaniassa. Pariskunta asui varakkaan talonpojan Anton Robin (rom. Antal Robun) perheessä. Matkasta Julie ehti julkaista kolme artikkelia tapakulttuurin alalta. Kirjoitukset perustuivat nuoren naisen havaintoihin ja haastatteluihin. Kuvauksissa hän tarkasteli tapakulttuuria ajan, paikan ja sosiaalisen sidonnaisuuden kautta, kuten kansatieteeen tutkimuksessa on aina ollut tapana.
Yrjö Wichmannin keruuvuosi Komissa
Authors: Kokkonen Paula 
Published: June 2019

Yrjö Wichmannin (1868–1932) kiinnostus permiläisiin kieliin vei hänet tutkimusmatkoille ensin udmurttien pariin ja 10 vuotta myöhemmin vuosina 1901–02 komien maille. Matkaa varten Wichmann oli saanut ns. Aleksanderin stipendin; sen turvin kerätty mittava aineisto julkaistiin murretekstikokoelmana Syrjänische Volksdichtung (342 sivua) vuonna 1916 ja T. E. Uotilan vuonna 1942 toimittamana murresanakirjana Syrjänischer Wortschatz (486 sivua, n. 10 000 sanaa).
Yrjö Wichmann oli ahkera päiväkirjojen ja kirjeiden kirjoittaja, joka piti matkoillaankin tiiviisti yhteyttä paitsi tutkijatovereihinsa – erityisesti Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran sihteeriksi hänen sijaisekseen tulleeseen Jooseppi Julius Mikkolaan – myös kotiväkeensä, etenkin äitiinsä Charlotta Wilhelmina Wichmanniin, jonka saamia kirjeitä komien ja permjakkien mailta on julkaistu kaikkiaan 16 teoksessa Matkamuistiinpanoja (SUST 195).