bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
East Asian origins of European holly oaks (Quercus section Ilex Loudon) via the Tibet‐Himalaya
Authors: Jiang Xiao‐Long , Hipp Andrew L. , Deng Min , Su Tao , Zhou Zhe‐Kun , Yan Meng‐Xiao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimMany subtropical organisms exhibit an East Asian‐Tethyan disjunction, a distribution split between East Asia and the Mediterranean. The underlying mechanisms and timing have remained unclear to date. The evolutionary history of Quercus section Ilex Loudon, a representative East Asian‐Tethyan disjunct lineage with a rich and widespread fossil record, was investigated to understand the key drivers of this disjunction.LocationEurasia.MethodsThe phylogeny of Quercus section Ilex was reconstructed using RAD‐seq. Divergence times were estimated based on three fossil calibrations. Ancestral range and niche were reconstructed on the calibrated tree to infer the timing of transitions in geographic distributions and niche. Convergence in ecological space was estimated by fitting alternative multiple‐regime Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck models. Leaf shape affinities among extant and fossil taxa of section Ilex were assessed using geometric morphometric approaches.ResultsSix clades were well resolved in section Ilex. Ancestral range reconstruction and divergence time dating suggest a wide distribution along the East Tethys seaway, with initial divergence at the mid‐Eocene, and all six clades originating before the Miocene. The section dispersed from East Asia to the Mediterranean at the Eocene‐Oligocene boundary. A shift toward higher elevations was detected in the Himalayan clade during the middle or late Miocene. European fossil lineages during the early Miocene differ in leaf morphology from later lineages, which we infer to be a consequence of adaptive differentiation or species turnover.Main conclusionsQuercus section Ilex was widespread along the East Tethys seaway from the middle Eocene onward. The European holly oaks originated from an East Asian ancestral lineage that dispersed to Europe via the Tibet‐Himalaya corridor in the Oligocene. Lowlands along the margins of the Himalayas and through an Oligocene Tibetan valley served as the dispersal route(s) for these species. Changing climates drove Miocene extinction and local adaptation of European lineages.
Constraints on fruit tracking by birds at the range edge
Authors: Tellería José Luis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsBiotic interactions may be disrupted at the range boundary if the involved species are rare in the most distant sectors. This study assesses fruit tracking by seed‐dispersing birds wintering on the border of the Palaearctic, a region where many species become scarcer before reaching the limits of their distribution in the Sahara. As vagrancy improves fruit tracking, this study tests if vagrant birds track fruit resources better than non‐vagrant birds and if their tracking ability is reduced at the range edge.LocationThe Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb.MethodsSeed‐dispersing passerines (O. Passeriformes) were counted in 134 sampling sites along a 2000‐km‐long latitudinal belt. Relationships between bird numbers and latitude, temperature, shrub cover and fruit abundance were explored by multivariate analyses. In addition, the habitat matching rule was used to assess the ability of birds to track fruit changes along the latitudinal belt.ResultsFruit abundance and temperature were the main drivers of the distribution of vagrant birds (all of them migratory species) while for non‐vagrant birds (most of them sedentary species) distribution was weakly correlated to the study variables. Vagrant birds tracked the spatial–temporal variations in fruit abundance but showed a reduced ability to fit numbers to fruit abundance changes in southern sectors.Main conclusionsVagrant are migratory birds responsible for large‐scale tracking of fruit outputs but seems to face some constraints on fruit tracking at the far edge of the Palaearctic. As the movements of these birds southwards are declining due to climate warming effects, these results suggest a future weakening of their role as seed dispersers in the most peripheral areas of the Palaearctic.
Longitudinal evaluation of periodontitis and tooth loss among older adults
Authors: Nilsson Helena , Sanmartin Berglund Johan , Renvert Stefan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate pattern of change in periodontal variables and tooth loss in a twelve‐year follow‐up study of older adults living in Sweden.MethodsIn a prospective population study of older adults, a clinical examination and radiographic dental examination were performed at baseline (2001–2003) and after 12 years (2013–2015). In 375 individuals, the number and proportion of sites with a distance ≥4 mm and ≥5 mm from cemento‐enamel junction to the bone level, the number and proportion of teeth with pockets ≥5 mm and number of teeth lost were calculated. Dental caries was registered. Periodontitis was defined as having ≥2 sites with ≥5 mm distance from cemento‐enamel junction to the marginal bone level and ≥1 tooth with pockets ≥5 mm.ResultsA diagnosis of periodontitis was evident in 39% of the individuals, and 23% of the individuals lost ≥3 teeth over the study period. The proportion of sites with ≥4 mm and ≥5 mm bone loss increased with age, while the proportion of teeth with pockets remained stable. Periodontitis was the strongest predictor for losing ≥3 teeth, OR 2.9 (p < .001) in the final model.ConclusionsPeriodontitis is a risk factor for future tooth loss among older adults.
M2‐like macrophages serve as a niche for adipocyte progenitors in adipose tissue
Authors: Nawaz Allah , Tobe Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdipose tissue (AT) is composed not only of adipocytes, but also of macrophages, endothelial cells and preadipocytes. Macrophages are an important component of AT, and are involved in tissue homeostasis, tissue repair and fibrosis. AT‐resident macrophages are categorized into two subtypes, the M1‐like and M2‐like macrophages. M2‐like macrophages are reported to play anti‐inflammatory roles, and to be involved in clearing and removal of dying/dead adipocytes, and recruiting adipocyte progenitors (APs). M2‐like macrophages are also reported to be involved in the promotion of fibrosis in a transforming growth factor‐β‐dependent manner. However, the precise roles of M2‐like macrophages in the AT have not yet been clearly delineated. Recently, we generated genetically engineered transgenic mice in which CD206+ M2‐like macrophages can be conditionally depleted. Unexpectedly, we found that the depletion of CD206+ M2‐like macrophages resulted in the enhanced generation of smaller adipocytes, improved insulin sensitivity and proliferation of APs. We further clarified that the CD206+ M2‐like macrophages directly interact with the APs to regulate their growth/differentiation and adipogenesis, thereby controlling adiposity and systemic insulin sensitivity. In the present review, we discuss how CD206+ M2‐like macrophages provide a niche for APs and maintain glucose homeostasis.
On the difficulty of finding one’s place: A qualitative study of new nurses’ processes of growth in the workplace
Authors: Ke Ya‐Ting , Stocker Joel F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectiveTo explore new nurses’ processes of growth in the workplace in order to understand the challenges they face.BackgroundQuantitative and qualitative research to date has not adequately explored the complex ways in which initial work experiences may shape new nurses’ very high quit rate and, consequently, impact the long‐term nursing shortage in Taiwan.Design/MethodsWe conducted in‐depth interviews with new nurses to explore their professional development, including the challenges they faced, and their feelings about staying or quitting. Twenty newly registered nurses who had worked in a hospital setting full‐time for a year or less in two southern Taiwan medical centres were interviewed. Data were collected from March–November 2016. EQUATOR guidelines were followed, using the COREQ checklist.ResultsInterview transcripts were analysed and coded; three stages of growth were discovered: Feeling disillusioned and shocked, Gaining experiential knowledge and Making a place for oneself. Most nurses (n = 18/20) went through these three stages within 9 months and continued to work in nursing at follow‐up 2 years later.ConclusionsJob continuity was contingent upon new nurses’ enduring a painful process of adjustment in the first two stages when new nurses were unsure of themselves and their interactions with preceptors were wrought with social tensions. New nurse development and retention efforts should make explicit the possibility of these tensions and how to deal with them.Relevance to clinical practiceA better understanding of new nurses’ growth processes and adjustment pains can help refocus professional development and retention efforts towards how new nurses can succeed in finding a place for themselves.
The impact of venepuncture training on the reduction of pre‐analytical blood sample haemolysis rates: A systematic review
Authors: Makhumula‐Nkhoma Nellie , Weston Kathryn L. , McSherry Robert , Atkinson Greg 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundVenepuncture involves the introduction of a needle into a vein to collect a representative blood sample for laboratory testing. In the pre‐analytical phase, haemolysis (the rupturing of erythrocytes and release of their contents into the extracellular compartment) has safety, quality and cost implications. Training in correct venepuncture practice has the potential to reduce in vitro haemolysis rates, but the evidence for this notion has yet to be synthesised.DesignSystematic review (PRISMA Checklist).MethodsPublished studies on the effectiveness of venepuncture training on haemolysis rates were searched in relevant databases. The McMaster critical appraisal tool was used to assess methodological quality. The GRADE tool was used to evaluate the body of evidence in relation to the research questions. Implementation fidelity was also scrutinised in each study.ResultsEight out of 437 retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria. None were randomised controlled trials (RCT). Between‐study heterogeneity in design, intervention characteristics and the biochemical threshold for haemolysis precluded a meta‐analysis. Post‐training reductions in haemolysis rates of between 0.4%–19.8% were reported in four of the studies, which developed their intervention according to a clear evidence base and included mentoring in the intervention. Rises in haemolysis rates of between 1.3%–1.9% were reported in two studies, while the intervention effect was inconsistent within two other studies.ConclusionThere are no RCTS on the effectiveness of venepuncture training for reducing haemolysis rates, and findings from the existing uncontrolled studies are unclear. For a more robust evidence base, we recommend more RCTs with standardisation of haemolysis thresholds and training‐related factors.Relevance to clinical practiceWhile venepuncture training is an important factor influencing quality of blood sample in clinical practice, more robust evidence is needed to make specific recommendations about training content for reduction of haemolysis rates. Standardisation of haemolysis thresholds would also enable future meta‐analyses.
Successful para‐aortic lymph node dissection for endometrial cancer with horseshoe kidney: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Murakami Atsushi , Amano Tsukuru , Seko‐Nitta Ayumi , Takahashi Akimasa , Kimura Fuminori , Murakami Takashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHorseshoe kidney (HSK) is considered to impede para‐aortic lymph node dissection. We report the case of a 54‐year‐old female patient with endometrial cancer and HSK, treated successfully with para‐aortic lymph node dissection, and present literature review regarding vascular abnormalities associated with HSK affecting para‐aortic lymph node dissection. Three‐dimensional computed tomography reconstruction revealed the accessory renal artery, supernumerary renal vein and ventral displacement of the renal pelvis and ureter. Abdominal modified radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo‐oophorec'tomy, pelvic and para‐aortic lymph node dissection and omentectomy were then performed. Lymphadenectomy behind the isthmus of the kidney was performed without separation of the isthmus by lifting the kidneys with vessel tape. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Grasping shifted ureter and complicated vascular network of HSK and securing the operative field without division of the isthmus were key to reducing complications and hemorrhage. This case report can serve as a guide for performing para‐aortic lymph node dissection safely and effectively in patients with HSK.
HEV‐LFS: A novel scoring model for patients with hepatitis E virus‐related liver failure
Authors: Wu Jian , Guo Naizhou , Zhang Xueyan , Xiong Cunquan , Liu Jun , Xu Yanping , Fan Jun , Yu Jiong , Zhao Xinguo , Liu Bin , Wang Wei , Zhang Jinrong , Cao Hongcui , Li Lanjuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA noninvasive assessment method for acute or acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in patients with hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is urgently needed. We aimed to develop a scoring model for diagnosing HEV patients who developed liver failure (HEV‐LF) at different stages. A cross‐sectional set of 350 HEV‐LF patients were identified and enrolled, and the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Failure in China and the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver were adopted as references. HEV‐LFS, a novel scoring model that incorporates data on cholinesterase (CHE), urea nitrogen (UREA), platelets and international normalized ratio was developed using a derived dataset. For diagnosing HEV‐LF stages F1 to F3, the HEV‐LFS scoring model (F1: 0.87; F2: 0.90; F3: 0.92) had a significantly higher AUROC than did the CLIF‐C‐ACLFs (F1: 0.65; F2: 0.56; F3: 0.51) and iMELD (F1: 0.70; F2: 0.57; F3: 0.51) scoring models, of which the HEV‐LFS scoring model had the best sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the HEV‐LFS scoring model was correlated with mortality, length of hospitalization and ICU stay. As the GDTLF score increased, the CHE level decreased and the UREA increased gradually. Encouragingly, a calibration curve showed good agreement between the derivation and validation sets. Notably, we also established a nomogram to facilitate the practical operability of the HEV‐LFS scoring model in clinical settings. In conclusion, both CHE and UREA may be indicators for HEV‐LF patients. The HEV‐LFS scoring model is an efficient and accessible model for classifying HEV‐LF at different stages.
Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastasis of appendicular osteosarcoma in dogs: 20 cases
Authors: Parachini‐Winter Cyril , Curran Kaitlin M. , Pellin MacKenzie , Laver Travis , Hanot Camille , Vernier Timothy H. , Séguin Bernard 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundMetastasis of appendicular osteosarcoma is most common to the lungs and is generally considered a terminal event in dogs. Behavior and prognosis associated with cutaneous or subcutaneous metastases (CSM) is poorly defined.ObjectiveDescribe the population and gather prognostic information regarding appendicular osteosarcoma with CSM in dogs.AnimalsTwenty dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma and CSM.MethodsRetrospective case series. Medical records were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma that developed CSM. Demographic data, order of metastatic events, and CSM clinical features were evaluated. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were constructed and log‐rank tests were used to compare survival between groups of dogs.ResultsIn 19 dogs (95%), CSM was an incidental finding. Seventeen dogs (85%) developed pulmonary metastasis, and 1 dog (5%) developed bone metastasis. No other metastatic sites were detected before euthanasia. The median CSM‐free interval and CSM survival time were 160 days (range: 0‐542 days) and 55 days (range: 5‐336 days), respectively. The median CSM survival time was significantly longer for dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy (94 days) or chemotherapy only (64 days) than for dogs that did not receive these treatments (11 days) (P= .002 andP= .03, respectively). No other factors were associated with survival after diagnosis of CSM.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceThe skin or subcutaneous tissue can be the first osteosarcoma metastatic site detected. After CSM diagnosis, the prognosis is grave with median survival <2 months. Although this finding could have been biased by case selection, treatment with surgery and chemotherapy may improve outcome.
Esophagostomy tube complications in dogs and cats: Retrospective review of 225 cases
Authors: Nathanson Olivia , McGonigle Kathryn , Michel Kathryn , Stefanovski Darko , Clarke Dana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundEsophagostomy feeding tubes (E‐tubes) are an essential tool for management of hyporexic patients' acute and chronic nutritional requirements. Despite their routine use, limited information is available regarding E‐tube complications, especially in the recent veterinary literature.ObjectiveTo provide an updated descriptive account of E‐tube complications in cats and dogs, and to evaluate potential prognostic factors to determine if certain patients are at increased risk for complications.AnimalsOne hundred two dogs and 123 cats.MethodsRetrospective study evaluating patients that had E‐tubes placed between March 2014 and March 2017.ResultsOne hundred patients (44.4%) experienced a complication related to tube placement, with a similar complication rate among dogs (43.1%) and cats (45.5%). Twenty‐two cats (17.8%) and 14 dogs (13.7%) developed signs of infection at the E‐tube site, with 5 cats (22.7%) and 5 dogs (35.7%) requiring surgical debridement. Regurgitation of food through the E‐tube stoma was noted in 7 dogs and 1 cat. Three patients were euthanized as a result of tube‐related complications.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWe have provided an updated descriptive review of complications associated with E‐tube placement in a large population of dogs and cats at a tertiary referral center. Although E‐tubes are essential tools that generally are safe and well tolerated, several complications can occur. We did not identify any specific factors that increase patient risk for these complications, and therefore it is important that all patients are closely monitored and clients are educated to pursue prompt veterinary assessment when such complications arise.
Verbal Short‐Term Memory Underlies Typical Development of “Thought Organization” Measured as Speech Connectedness
Authors: Mota Natália B. , Callipo Renata , Leite Lígia , Torres Ana R. , Weissheimer Janaína , Bunge Silvia A. , Copelli Mauro , Ribeiro Sidarta 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTFormal thought organization obtained from free speech, a key feature for psychiatric evaluations, has been poorly investigated during typical development. Computational tools such as speech graph connectedness (LSC) currently allow for an accurate quantification in naturalistic settings. LSC's typical development is better predicted by years of education than by age. Among beginning readers, the LSC of stories composed of short‐term memory predicted reading independently from IQ. Here we set out to test a longitudinal sample (6–8 years old, n = 45, followed for 2 years) to verify whether the LSC is predictive of various memory measures, and whether such relations can explain the correlation with reading. The LSC was specifically correlated with verbal short‐term memory performance. The results support the notion that the short‐term storage of verbal information is necessary to plan a story. Given the limited sample size, the relationship of this interaction with reading remains inconclusive.
Testing the Empirical Relevance of the ‘Saving for a Rainy Day’ Hypothesis in US Metro Areas
Authors: Anundsen André KallåK , Nymoen Ragnar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe joint implication of the consumption Euler equation and cointegration between income and consumption is that savings predict future income declines, the ‘saving for a rainy day’ hypothesis. The empirical relevance of this hypothesis plays a key role in discussions of fiscal policy multipliers, and it holds under the null that the permanent income hypothesis is true. We find little support for this hypothesis using time series data for the 100 largest US Metropolitan Statistical Areas for the period 1980q1–2015q4. Our approach is to test for cointegration and weak exogeneity between income and consumption, and by exploring the direction of Granger causality between the two time series. We find that income more often predicts consumption and saving than the converse. We also give evidence that house price changes played a role in US income and consumption dynamics, before, during and after the Great Recession.
Dysplastic oral leukoplakia is molecularly distinct from leukoplakia without dysplasia
Authors: Farah Camile S. , Fox Simon A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe molecular mechanisms underlying the development of dysplasia in leukoplakia are unknown. We used RNA sequencing to examine the molecular and biological pathway differences in oral leukoplakia with and without oral epithelial dysplasia.Materials and MethodsExcisional biopsy specimens (25) were taken from 24 patients with oral leukoplakia diagnosed histopathologically as either oral epithelial dysplasia (13) or epithelial hyperplasia and keratosis without dysplasia (12). Transcriptome analysis used RNA sequencing, differential expression and hierarchical clustering. Biological signalling was examined by gene ontology, pathway and protein–protein interaction analysis.ResultsDifferential expression analysis showed distinction between the two groups identifying 47 genes as altered in leukoplakia with dysplasia, including SAA1, SAA2, KRT31, KRT37, KRT76, ROBO2, DNAJB5 and DNAJA4. Using hierarchical clustering, dysplastic leukoplakia readily segregated from leukoplakia without dysplasia. Pathway and ontology enrichment analysis provided evidence that downregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) pathways was a feature of dysplastic lesions.ConclusionOur results suggest that there are detectable changes in the molecular profile of oral leukoplakia exhibiting dysplasia including downregulated ECM as a distinguishing feature of dysplastic lesions. This suggests that reactive changes in stroma may be an early manifestation of dysplastic development. Our study also demonstrates the feasibility of detecting such molecular changes in oral leukoplakia, providing avenues for further investigation of molecular mechanisms of oral dysplasia.