bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of amorphous lamellar freestanding poly(N‐dodecyl acrylamide) films and their mechanical properties
Authors: Koizumi Yuki , Matsuo Yoshimasa , Masuhara Akito , Ebe Hinako , Ishizaki‐Betchaku Yuya , Nagano Shusaku , Matsui Jun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn amorphous lamellar freestanding film composed of poly(N‐dodecyl acrylamide) (pDDA) was prepared by annealing a micrometer‐thick film under humid conditions (humid‐annealing). pDDA was blade‐coated onto a glass substrate, and its lamellar formation was studied by XRD and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The XRD pattern indicates that pDDA formed a highly oriented lamellar structure by humid‐annealing at 80 °C for 6 h. Moreover, the POM image of the cross‐section of the film indicates that lamellar formation started at the polymer–substrate interface, and the amorphous lamella covered the entire film area without randomly oriented regions. In contrast, the open Nicol microscopic image exhibited large cracks in the highly oriented film owing to shrinkage of the film. A crack‐free film was prepared using water‐saturated chloroform as the solvent for blade coating. Water is thought to adsorb to an amide moiety to induce a ‘pre‐lamellar’ structure in the solution. The formation of pre‐lamellae and the decrease in the humid‐annealing temperature reduced the shrinkage of the film by lamellar formation to form a crack‐free film. The mechanical properties of the crack‐free, freestanding pDDA films were studied using a simple tensile test. The film became increasingly stronger with the formation of an amorphous lamellar structure. These results indicate that the mechanical properties of polymer films can be improved without crystallization. © 2024 The Author(s). Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Development and validation of a rapid HPLC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus in whole blood for routine therapeutic drug monitoring in organ transplantation
Authors: Han Fei‐fei , Liu Hong‐chuan , Hu Ting , Li Peng‐fei , Zhao Rui , An Zhuo‐ling 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundTherapeutic drug monitoring is an integral part of organ transplantation. A rapid, simple, economical, and robust high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) method for simultaneously determining the immunosuppressants cyclosporine A and tacrolimus might increase detection efficiency.MethodsIn this study, we developed and validated a rapid HPLC‐MS/MS method. Whole blood samples of 100 μL were prepared by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and 0.5 mol. L−1 ZnSO4. Chromatography was performed on a pre‐column using a gradient elution with 20 mmol. L−1 ammonium formate and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water (mobile phase A) and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in methanol (mobile phase B) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL.min−1. The analysis time was 2.2 min. Electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring were performed. The lower limit of quantification was set at 1 ng. L−1 for tacrolimus and 50 ng. L−1 for cyclosporine A.ResultsThe method showed adequate accuracy and precision with a sufficient linear range. The calibration curve range of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A was 1–30 and 50–1500 ng·mL‐1, respectively. All correlation coefficients were >0.99.ConclusionsThe developed HPLC‐MS/MS is rapid and can be used for simultaneous monitoring of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A.
Cascaded Integral Minus Tilt Integral Derivative With Filter for Frequency Stabilization of V2G/G2V Enabled Hybrid Microgrid
Authors: Santra Swapan , De Mala 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTRenewable generation plays an important part in today's power system. With the inclusion of the inverter interfaced renewable energy sources (RESs) into a microgrid, the total system inertia decreases and it leads to increased frequency deviation in presence of a disturbance. This paper proposes a cascaded Integral Minus Tilt Integral Derivative with Filter (I–TDN)‐Proportional‐Integral (PI), [(I‐TDN)‐PI] controller for frequency stabilization of a hybrid microgrid in presence of electric vehicles (EV). The microgrid model includes reheated thermal power plant with high degree of non‐linear system such as inverter based RESs like photovoltaic and wind generation systems. A diesel engine generator is incorporated for load frequency control during perturbation in the system frequency. Virtual inertia controller (VIC) with inverter based energy storage system (ESS) is commonly used to improve system inertia and frequency stability of the microgrid. In addition to the ESS, this paper proposes inclusion of the EVs in this VIC. The optimal gains of the proposed cascaded I‐TDN‐PI controller are determined using Mountain Gazelle Optimizer (MGO), a modern metaheuristic optimization algorithm. Sensitivity of the proposed controller is investigated in presence of system nonlinearities, load perturbations, time delay, system parameter variation and RES power fluctuations. The simulation results justify the robustness of the proposed control structure for frequency stabilization of the microgrid.
Engineering MXene Surface via Oxygen Functionalization and Au Nanoparticle Deposition for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Mengrui , Dong Xiaoxiao , Li Qinzhu , Liu Yaru , Cao Shuang , Hou Chun‐Chao , Sun Tong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMXene, a family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, presents promising applications in electrocatalysis. Maximizing its large surface area is key to developing efficient non‐noble‐metal catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this study, oxygen‐functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene (Ti3C2Ox) is synthesized and deposited gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) onto it, forming a novel composite material, Au‐Ti3C2Ox. By selectively removing other functional groups, mainly ‐O functional groups are retained on the surface, directing electron transfer from Au NPs to MXene due to electronic metal‐support interaction (EMSI), thereby improving the catalytic activity of the MXene surface. Additionally, the interaction between Au NPs and ‐O functional groups further enhanced the overall catalytic activity, achieving an overpotential of 62 mV and a Tafel slope of 40.1 mV dec−1 at a current density of −10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution. Density functional theory calculations and scanning electrochemical microscopy with ≤150 nm resolution confirmed the enhanced catalytic efficiency due to the specific interaction between Au NPs and Ti3C2Ox. This work provides a surface modification strategy to fully utilize the MXene surface and enhance the overall catalytic activity of MXene‐based catalysts.
Advancing Electrical Engineering with Biomass‐derived Carbon Materials: Applications, Innovations, and Future Directions
Authors: Afridi Al Mojahid , Aktary Mahbuba , Shaheen Shah Syed , Mitu Sheikh Sharif Iqbal , Jahirul Islam Gazi , Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M. , Abdul Aziz Md. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe ongoing global shift towards sustainability in electrical engineering necessitates novel materials that offer both ecological and technical benefits. Biomass‐derived carbon materials (BCMs) are emerging as cornerstones in this transition due to their sustainability, cost‐effectiveness, and versatile properties. This review explores the expansive role of BCMs across various electrical engineering applications, emphasizing their transformative impact and potential in fostering a sustainable technological ecosystem. The fundamentals of BCMs are investigated, including their unique structures, diverse synthesis procedures, and significant electrical and electrochemical properties. A detailed examination of recent innovations in BCM applications for energy storage, such as batteries and supercapacitors, and their pivotal role in developing advanced electronic components like sensors, detectors, and electromagnetic interference shielding composites has been covered. BCMs offer superior electrical conductivities, tunable surface chemistries, and mechanical properties compared to traditional carbon sources. These can be further enhanced through innovative doping and functionalization techniques. Moreover, this review identifies challenges related to scalability and uniformity in properties and proposes future research directions to overcome these hurdles. By integrating insights from recent studies with a forward‐looking perspective, this paper sets the stage for the next generation of electrical engineering solutions powered by biomass‐derived materials, aligning technological advancement with environmental stewardship.
Making the Rule of Law Great Again: The Building of the Digital Rule of Law in the European Union
Authors: Engel Annegret , Groussot Xavier 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the legislative and judicial dimensions of the digital rule of law in the EU and its current and future building. We argue that adjudication in EU law related to the digital rule of law is destined to grow as it is fostered by the new legislation in digitalisation and a proactive Court of Justice eager to interpret the rights enshrined under the Charter. The building of the digital rule of law takes the form of an increased reliance on the Charter in horizontal situations and an increasing application of the principle of proportionality before the courts, including a balancing of fundamental rights. In this chapter, we will examine the reasons for this growth in EU litigation within the digital field and whether this constitutes a positive development for the protection of the rule of law in the EU, thus making the rule of law great again in a time of ‘rule-of-law anxiety’.
The Objectives of Regulating the Digital Economy Indicate That There Is a Right to Data in the Digital Markets Act with Direct Effect and Applicability
Authors: Lundqvist Björn 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter discusses the objectives for regulating the digital economy and why we should view the new regulations and acts being derived from the legislative work of the EU as the emergence of a new legal discipline, the market law for the digital economy, or, short, digital market law. The energy and speed with which EU institutions are developing these diverse (and sometimes dysfunctional) sector-specific regulations for the digital economy certainly call for a more holistic approach. A general approach to the legal system now being developed in a piecemeal fashion to protect a number of freedoms and objectives for the digital economy, ensuring that a sturdy legal platform for the new paradigm is put in place without over-regulating the data-driven economy. Foremost, the new legal discipline needs its own property rights regime. As will be argued in the chapter, the general objectives for establishing a market law for the digital economy calls for a sui generis property regime for data, and the author argues that an access and transfer right to data based on the obligations stipulated in the Digital Markets Act should be developed and acknowledged as a proper property right.
The Interaction Between Free Movement Law and Fundamental Rights in the (Digital) Internal Market
Authors: Neergaard Ulla , de Vries Sybe 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConsidering that after about 30 years of the Internet’s existence and continuing appraisals thereof and other technological advances such as new business models, artificial intelligence, etc., the chapter takes as its point of departure that it has little by little having become time to embrace the darker realities of digitalisation. Therefore, in particular, it analyses the interaction between free movement law and fundamental rights by taking Case C-78/18 about the Hungarian NGO Transparency Law as a stepping-stone to assess how the law stands today, both in general terms and with regard to the (digital) internal market in particular, thereby enabling insights into how an old regime embraces new realities. The case is of interest because the Court of Justice of the European Union had to clarify if the Charter should apply to national laws that are not directly implementing EU Law, but are restricting the EU’s fundamental freedoms, and because it constitutes a very important step in upholding the rule of law and democracy in the EU’s Member States.
Enhancing Autonomy of Online Users in the Digital Markets Act
Authors: Mäihäniemi Beata 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAn increased movement towards developing digital fundamental rights can be observed. This includes a call for amplified autonomy of online users. This chapter defines the right to autonomy in the digital environment and assesses different dimensions of autonomy as a concept. This is done by identifying these dimensions in the Digital Markets Act (hereinafter DMA) the sectoral regulation of large online platforms that has recently entered the EU scene. The chapter identifies two dimensions of autonomy in the DMA: self-empowering as to data gathering and autonomy as being free from manipulation. The chapter also offers some recommendations as to how to tackle autonomy in a digital environment.
Reconstruction and Preparation for Ukraine’s Accession to the EU
Authors: Ciot Melania-Gabriela 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe evolution of the international arena indicates clearly that the state actors are competing for a better position on the New International Order. This perspective will bring political, social, economic, but also cultural and sustainable dimensions to the prospective analysis of evolutions. The invasion of Ukraine accelerated the reconfiguration of the Contemporary International System, with impact on the foresight developments of EU. The support of the European Member States to Ukraine manifested through different instruments, policies, and institutions, in several key areas: infrastructure, economic diversification, education and skill development, governance and policy, social development and inclusion, international collaboration, and resilience building. The present study will investigate the challenges for the EU’s enlargement policy in the context of the war from Ukraine, focusing on the accession process, its preparation, negotiations, and management of the process. The study ends with some recommendations regarding the building of the administrative and resilience capacity to better support the complex process of reconstruction of Ukraine.
Formation of Competencies for Managers of Sustainable Development in Ukraine
Authors: Humenna Oleksandra , Dyachenko Yuriy , Vasylets Mariia 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe relevance of training management specialists in sustainable development and the formation of “tomorrow’s” competencies in them is determined by the need to be included in the world’s global space. After all, there is no alternative to the Millennium Goals (Sustainable Development Goals) today. The need to develop policies embodied in best practices, particularly at the local level, determines the necessity of creating new educational programs and components focusing on sustainable development management, which should be based on a balance of economic, social, and environmental dimensions, as well as the measurement of management efficiency. Therefore, it is imperative to consider all stakeholders’ interests in achieving progress in the country’s sustainable development.This chapter examines and substantiates the methodology and algorithm for forming a set of competencies of a modern manager of sustainable development based on the balance of interests and considering the challenges/risks that managers of this new type face. Additionally, it was determined that the understanding of people of different generations regarding the concept of sustainable development is a crucial aspect in the formation of educational programs. Attitudes towards sustainable development differ between generations due to their distinct life experiences, socio-cultural influences, and perceptions of global issues.The methods of comparative analysis were employed in the literature review and the evaluation of existing educational programs on sustainable development management worldwide and the competencies they provide.
War-Related Moral Damage: Ukrainian and International Practice
Authors: Karnaukh Bohdan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMoral damage is a negative psychological experience endured by a person, consisting of mental pain and anguish. War brings with it an inconceivable amount of such experience. However, not all such experience can be compensated through legal mechanisms. There is a certain threshold of severity of moral damage below which compensation is not provided. Such a ‘threshold’ of compensability is often dependent on the functioning and purpose of a particular compensation mechanism. The chapter aims to explore the practice of Ukrainian courts, the UN Compensation Commission, and the ECtHR in matters concerning compensation for war-related moral damage. The chapter addresses evidentiary matters (burden of proof, standard of proof and presumptions) and provides some guidance on the calculation of monetary compensation for mental pain and anguish. The author concludes that the awarded sum should not be viewed as a precise monetary representation of the ordeal. Rather, it serves as a relative indication of the severity and duration of the pain and suffering endured. Determining the monetary unit of measurement hinges on various political, economic, and practical factors, such as the nature and responsibilities of the adjudicating body, the socioeconomic conditions in the applicant’s country, and the resources available to the responsible entity.
Evaluating Transdisciplinary Research Quality
Authors: Borlaug Siri B. , Svartefoss Silje Marie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTransdisciplinary research (TDR) addresses societal issues and involves non-academic partners. To meet today’s societal challenges TDR is often seen as part of the solution. But TDR projects differ considerably from regular and disciplinary projects and therefore require other conceptions of quality and evaluative approaches.
Evaluating and Improving the Societal Impact of Research
Authors: Sivertsen Gunnar , Meijer Ingeborg 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSocietal impact of research does not occur primarily as unexpected, extraordinary incidents of particularly useful breakthroughs in science. Is it more often a result of normal everyday interactions between organisations that need to create, exchange, and make use of new knowledge to further their goals. This chapter discusses how to assess and improve the cocreation and use of research in normal research–society relations.
The Many Dilemmas of Grant Peer Review
Authors: Langfeldt Liv 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPeer review is the prime basis for allocating research grants. The systems and principles of grant review were formed in a time with reasonable high success rates and available expert reviewers. Today, in a situation with lower success rates and reviewer fatigue, grant peer review is often heavily criticised. How should distrust, reviewer fatigue, and low success rates be dealt with? This chapter summarises the aims and dilemmas of grant peer review and some advice on how to handle them.
How Citations Relate to Research Quality
Authors: Aksnes Dag W. , Langfeldt Liv 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCitations are often used as performance metrics in research policy and within the academic community. Usually, citations are assumed to reflect the impact of the research or its quality. What is the justification for these assumptions and how do citations relate to research quality? These and similar issues have been addressed through several decades of scientometric research. This chapter provides an overview of some of the main issues at stake.
The Use of Metrics in Academic Recruitment
Authors: Reymert Ingvild 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConcerns about the use of metrics in assessments of individual researchers have been raised by influential initiatives such as the DORA declaration (2012), the Leiden Manifesto (2016), and CoARA’s Agreement on reform of research assessment. Even though metrics are applied in the evaluation of candidates for academic positions, there is evidence that metrics primarily serve as supplementary screening tools for panels reviewing applications for academic positions and not as replacements for peer reviews which still serves as the core evaluation practice in academic recruitment.
Early dFLC response by C1D7 predicts complete hematologic response in systemic AL amyloidosis
Authors: Liu Yang , Bi Jingyi , Dou Xuelin , Peng Nan , Wen Lei , Zhao Yanqiu , Huang Xiaojun , Lu Jin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDaratumumab and bortezomib, the first-line drugs for AL amyloidosis, typically yield a complete hematologic response (CHR) rate of nearly 60% when used in combinations. An early achievement of CHR is crucial in amyloidosis. We retrospectively evaluated the relationship between dFLC (the difference between free light chain) reduction by Day 7 in Cycle 1 (C1D7) and CHR, organ response, and survival in 48 newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis patients receiving daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone. The CHR rate within six months was 66.7%. Using Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve curve analysis, we predicted CHR based on a dFLC reduction in C1D7 (67.0% change, optimal sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 81.3%). We introduce the novel concept of “rapid hematologic dFLC response”, defined as a reduction in dFLC levels ≥ 67% in C1D7. The CHR rate in rapid responders’ groups was higher than that in slow responders’ group (90.3% vs. 23.5%, P<0.01). After a median follow-up of 19 months (range: 0.3–57), the renal response rate in rapid responders was higher than that in slow responders (72.0% vs. 27.5%, P = 0.025). The median major organ deterioration event-free survival in the rapid responders’ group (not reached) was significantly superior to that in the slow responders’ group (19 m, 95% CI: 1.79–23.14 m, P = 0.048). In conclusion, early dFLC reduction in C1D7 indicates a high possibility of CHR and organ response and may allow for early modification of therapy in selected patients.
Patient-related characteristics or local tradition: what predicts the admission to a locked ward or the use of coercive measures in psychiatric inpatient treatment?
Authors: Hochstrasser Lisa , Fröhlich Daniela , Moeller Julian , Schneeberger Andres R. , Borgwardt Stefan , Lang Undine E. , Huber Christian G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrior research shows that locked doors and coercive measures are not only applied due to safety concerns, but also due to the specific local tradition of an institution. We examined the association of the use of coercive measures and the admission to a locked ward with person-related characteristics compared to the admission to a specific clinic. In this 15-year, naturalistic observational study, we examined 230,684 admissions to 14 German psychiatric inpatient clinics from Jan 1, 1998, to Dec 31, 2012. To analyze the degree to which admission to a locked ward and coercive measures (received vs. not received) were connected with person- and clinic-specific factors, two-step logistic regression analyses were applied. 27% of the variance of the admission to a locked ward were explained by person-related characteristics (Nagelkerke r2 = 0.269). By adding the clinic the person was admitted to, the explained variance increased by 15% (Nagelkerke r2 = 0.418). 36% of the variance of the use of coercive measures were explained by person-related characteristics (Nagelkerke r2 = 0.364). By adding the clinic the person was admitted to, the explained variance increased by 4% (Nagelkerke r2 = 0.400). The local tradition of a psychiatric clinic seems to play a more prominent role for the decision to admit a person to a locked ward than for the decision to use coercive measures. Clinicians should be made aware of the connection of local traditions with clinical pathways in acute psychiatry to avoid unnecessary admissions to locked wards.