bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Accessibility and Use of Female Condoms in Tabora Region, Tabora Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Kawiche Luther Issawangu 
Published: November 2024

This study examines knowledge, accessibility, and use of female condoms in the Tabora region, particularly Tabora Municipality, Tanzania. Since the spread of the HIV epidemic and the rapid increase of population in the world and sub-Saharan Africa in particular, the use of a protective device such as condoms has been the major concern in overcoming the problems. The female condom has been considered as the women's protective measure against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and pregnancy, as women control it and give them power to negotiate protective sex. However, in many situations, women and men control sexual behaviour. It was for this reason that this study was meant to examine the extent of knowledge, accessibility and use of female condoms in Tabora Municipality. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection. A total of 384 men and women aged 15-49 were interviewed. Both primary and secondary data were utilized. Qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection were used to collect relevant information on the knowledge, accessibility and use of female condoms. The structured questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection in the field to collect relevant information on the knowledge, accessibility and use of female condoms. The questionnaire was administered by the researcher to respondents who were found in the selected saloons in Tabora Municipality. A total of 384 men and women were interviewed from selected venues. The study also used focus group discussion (FGD) to collect information about knowledge, accessibility and use of female condoms. Also, secondary information, such as that obtained from journals, official documents, books, and published and unpublished materials from governmental and non-governmental organizations. Both independent and dependent variables were coded in the computer and edited using SPSS. Frequency distribution and cross-tabulation tables were constructed. The chi-square test was also used to test the strength of the association between variables. This study reveals that knowledge about female condoms is very high (98 percent) but the use is very low. Only 22.1 percent of respondents admitted to having used a female condom. 46.6 percent report having access to female condoms every time they want to use them. It is recommended that both governmental and non-governmental organizations should educate people on the use of female condoms throughout the country especially in rural areas and that deliberate efforts should be made to ensure accessibility and availability of female condoms near people settings
Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Mengenai Kek Dan Anemia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Wara Selatan Kota Palopo
Authors: Fitria Lina , . Rosita , Tahir Dyah , Jamir A Fatimah , . Susianti , Irawati Ayu , Usman Arifa , . Rismawati 
Published: November 2024

Anemia pada ibu hamil merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius di Indonesia, Anemia pada ibu hamil merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius di Indonesia, terutama yang di alami ibu hamil, ibu hamil yang menderita defisiensi zat besi akan mempengaruhi Kesehatan ibu hamil serta janinnya. Menurut data Kementrian Kesehatan Indonesia, Prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia masih tinggi, yaitu sekitar 38,3%. Anemia pada ibu hamil dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi pada kehamilan seperti bayi lajir dengan berat badan rendah, kelahiran prematur, dan bahkan kematian maternal dan neonatal.Anemia merupakan salahsatu kelainan darah yang umum terjadi Ketika kadar sel darah merah dalam tubuh menjadi terlalu rendah. Sedangkan KEK (kekurangan energi kronis) pada ibu hamil adalah kondisi di mana ibu mengalami defisiensi energi yang berlangsung lama, sehingga tubuhnya tidak mendapatkan cukup kalori untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari.Oleh karena itu masyarakat harus memiliki pemahaman yang memadai untuk mencegah terjadinya anemia dan KEK pada ibu hamil. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang pencegahan Anemia dan KEK pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Wara Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam pemberian penyuluhan adalah pre dan post test desaign mengenai pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang KEK dan anemia. Berdasarkan hasil pretest dari 58 responden memiliki pengetahuan rendah tentang anemia dan kek yaitu sebesar 54,5%. Sedangkan hasil posttest, menunjukkan lebih baik dari yaitu meningkat yaitu 72,5 %. Setelah diberikan penyuluhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang Anemia dan KEK mengalami peningkatan. Dengan adanya hasil pengetahuan ini puskesmas harus secara aktif memberikan penyuluhan terkait Anemia dan KEK pada ibu hamil serta memberikan contoh makanan yang baik emnuntaskan anemia dan KEK dan lebih baik jika ada inovasi cara mengolah makanan.
Kata kunci : Anemia, Penyuluhan, KEK
Horizontal walls effect on the subsonic flow around airfoil by the image method
Authors: Belgroune Mounira , Yahiaoui Toufik 
Published: November 2024

The aim of this work consists in developing a new numerical method and a calculation program making it possible to determine the effect of one and two horizontal walls on the distribution of the pressure ratio, and the aerodynamics coefficients of a subsonic flow around airfoils. The model is considered for the perfect gas. The calculation is presented by adding the effect of one and two walls on the discretization of the airfoils boundary to obtain a closed surface. The method is called by the image method. So for the case of the existence of one wall, we will see a single image of the main airfoil, and in the case of two walls, we will have an infinity of images. The equation system is obtained by considering the effect of all images using alternating digital series, whose convergence is ensured numerically. We therefore obtain a large system of equations, the resolution of which is done by the Khaletski method to obtain the velocities and pressure. The application is made for some practical interest’s airfoils. Since the airfoils boundary is given by tabulated values, the cubic spline interpolation is used to obtain an analytical equation of the upper and the lower surfaces. The comparison is made with the case of open air flow by extending the distance between the walls and the airfoil chord towards infinity.
Peran Roh Kudus Dalam Penginjilan Kontekstual
Authors: Sugiharto Ayub , Pekei Yulianus 
Published: November 2024

Penelitian dengan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan literatur ini dilakukan untuk menemukan apa peran Roh Kudus dalam penginjilan kontekstual. Dalam melaksanakan Amanat Agung, gereja telah melakukan berbagai upaya penginjilan. Banyak metode yang telah dipakai, demikian juga berbagai pendekatan yang dirasa relevan bagi Masyarakat. Salah satu pendekatan yang digunakan untuk menjangkau orang atau komunitas yang belum mendengar Injil adalah pendekatan kontekstual. Penginjilan dengan pendekatan kontekstual penting untuk dilakukan mengingat tidak ada metode dan strategi yang dapat digunakan di semua tempat, di semua masa dan setiap keadaan. Perlu ada pendekatan lain yang sesuai dengan konteks budaya, adat kebiasaan, bahasa setempat sehingga lebih menyatu dan menyentuh kehidupan masyarakat dan Injil bisa diterima. Namun demikian, kontekstualisasi hanyalah pendekatan manusiawi yang tidak menjamin hasil. Roh Kuduslah pemegang peranan terpenting dalam penginjilan kontekstual. Para penginjil kontekstual bisa memberitakan Injil, bertahan dalam situasi sulit dan menikmati hasil tuaian karena peran dari Roh Kudus.
Strategi Pembelajaran Interaktif Dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen: Studi Kasus di Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Authors: Abel Angela , Triposa Reni , Arifianto Yonatan Alex 
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan strategi pembelajaran dalam pendidikan agama kristen di dalam strategi pembelajaran untuk bisa meningkatkan partisipasi siswa dengan guru dalam pembelajaran. Maksud dan tujuan ini untuk bisa meningkatkan pemahaman siswa serta pemahaman dalam belajar dan ajaran agama yang melalui diskusi dalam penggunaan dan dapat manfaatkan teknologi digital. Menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literature maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa guru dapat menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang nyaman untuk belajar dan siswa dapat belajar dengan nyaman sehingga dapat meningkatkan belajar siswa dengan melibatkan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga siswa terus berkarya dalam pembelajaran, guru bisa menggunakan suatu strategi dalam belajar dengan cara yang kreatif serta dengan cara tanya jawab sehingga pembelajaran dapat menjadi lebih efektif. Guru bisa memberikan dampak yang baik kepada siswa dalam perilaku dan kebiasaan yang baik.
Peran Majelis Dalam Pelaksanaan Disiplin Gereja Berdasarkan Matius 18:15 Bagi Anggota Jemaat Yang Melakukan Pelanggaran Dosa
Authors: Supriyanto Eko , Sugiharto Ayub 
Published: November 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran majelis gereja dalam pelaksanaan disiplin gereja berdasarkan Matius 18:15. Gereja ada karena kehendak Tuhan dan menjadi komunitas orang percaya untuk mengalami pertumbuhan rohani. Walaupun sudah menjadi anak-anak Allah, faktanya kuasa dosa tidak secara otomastis hilang dalam diri anak-anak Allah. Melakukan dosa berarti melenceng dari aturan Tuhan dan akibatnya adalah keterpisahan dengan Allah, walaupun seperti dekat dengan-Nya. Oleh karena itu majelis sebagai pemimpin gereja memiliki tanggungjawab tidak hanya mengawasi pertumbuhan rohani jemaat, tetapi juga menolong supaya jemaat meninggalkan dosa. Disiplin gereja merupakan sarana untuk menolong umat yang kedapatan melakukan dosa dengan tujuan supaya kembali di jalan Allah, namun jika disiplin salah dalam penerapan, justru menimbulkan masalah baru. Dengan meneliti Matius 18:15 sesuai dengan prinsip hermeneutik, penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip dalam pelaksanaan disipilin gereja bagi jemaat yang kedapatan melakukan dosa sesuai Matius 18:15. Hasil penelitian, disiplin adalah bentuk kasih kepada saudara seiman yang bertujuan menolong mereka untuk meninggalkan tabiat dosa dan mengalami pertumbuhan rohani. Sedangkan majelis sebagai eksekutor harus memiliki kedewasaan rohani.
Learning Gravity Fields of Small Bodies: Self-adaptive Physics-informed Neural Networks
Authors: Ai Gangzheng , Yin Jihao , Cui Linyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The reconstruction of the gravity field within the surface region of small bodies is crucial for the surface proximity operations of a probe. However, the irregular shape, uneven mass distribution, and sparse gravitational data of small bodies pose challenges in the reconstruction. We propose a self-adaptive physics-informed neural network (PINN) for the reconstruction of the gravity field within the surface region of irregular and heterogeneous small bodies. First, we introduce an auxiliary-point-based data augmentation strategy to reduce the model’s dependency on the quantity of data. Second, we incorporate a residual-based adaptive sampling strategy to enhance the prediction accuracy of the model in regions with significant variations in small-body density. Finally, we introduce an adaptive weight module based on gradient ascent to mitigate the balancing issue of loss terms in the PINN. Experiments indicate that our algorithm achieves improved accuracy for reconstructing the gravity field within the surface region of small bodies. This work is expected to contribute to the enhancement of safety in surface proximity operations around the surfaces of small bodies.
3D Hydrodynamic Simulations of Massive Main-sequence Stars. III. The Effect of Radiation Pressure and Diffusion Leading to a 1D Equilibrium Model
Authors: Mao Huaqing , Woodward Paul , Herwig Falk , Denissenkov Pavel A. , Blouin Simon , Thompson William , McDermott Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present 3D hydrodynamical simulations of core convection with a stably stratified envelope of a 25 M
⊙ star in the early phase of the main sequence. We use the explicit gas-dynamics code PPMstar, which tracks two fluids and includes radiation pressure and radiative diffusion. Multiple series of simulations with different luminosities and radiative thermal conductivities are presented. The entrainment rate at the convective boundary, internal gravity waves in and above the boundary region, and the approach to dynamical equilibrium shortly after a few convective turnovers are investigated. We perform very long simulations on 8963 grids accelerated by luminosity boost factors of 1000, 3162 and 10,000. In these simulations, the growing penetrative convection reduces the initially unrealistically large entrainment. This reduction is enabled by a spatial separation that develops between the entropy gradient and the composition gradient. The convective boundary moves outward much more slowly at the end of these simulations. Finally, we present a 1D method to predict the extent and character of penetrative convection beyond the Schwarzschild boundary. The 1D model is based on a spherically averaged reduced entropy equation that takes the turbulent dissipation as input from the 3D hydrodynamic simulation and takes buoyancy and all other energy sources and sinks into account. This 1D method is intended to be ultimately deployed in 1D stellar evolution calculations and is based on the properties of penetrative convection in our simulations carried forward through the local thermal timescale.
The Molecular Cloud Life Cycle. II. Formation and Destruction of Molecular Clouds Diagnosed via H2 Fluorescent Emission
Authors: Burkhart Blakesley , Bialy Shmuel , Seifried Daniel , Walch Stefanie , Hamden Erika , Haworth Thomas J. , Hoadley Keri , Kong Shuo , Johnson Madisen , Jeffreson Sarah , Krumholz Mark R. , Lee Min-Young , Sternberg Amiel , Turner Neal J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) formation and dissociation are key processes that drive the gas life cycle in galaxies. Using the SImulating the LifeCycle of Molecular Clouds zoom-in simulation suite, we explore the utility of future observations of H2 dissociation and formation for tracking the life cycle of molecular clouds. The simulations used in this work include nonequilibrium H2 formation, stellar radiation, sink particles, and turbulence. We find that at early times in the cloud evolution H2 formation rapidly outpaces dissociation and molecular clouds build their mass from the atomic reservoir in their environment. Rapid H2 formation is also associated with a higher early star formation rate. For the clouds studied here, H2 is strongly out of chemical equilibrium during the early stages of cloud formation but settles into a bursty chemical steady state about 2 Myr after the first stars form. At the latest stage of cloud evolution, dissociation outweighs formation and the clouds enter a dispersal phase. We discuss how theories of the molecular cloud life cycle and star formation efficiency may be distinguished with observational measurements of H2 fluorescence with a space-based high-resolution far-UV spectrometer, such as the proposed Hyperion and Eos NASA Explorer missions. Such missions would enable measurements of the H2 dissociation and formation rates, which we demonstrate can be connected to different phases in a molecular cloud’s star-forming life, including cloud building, rapidly star forming, H2 chemical equilibrium, and cloud destruction.
The COS CGM Compendium. V. The Dichotomy of O vi Associated with Low- and High-metallicity Cool Gas at z < 1
Authors: Sameer  , Lehner Nicolas , Howk J. Christopher , Fox Andrew J. , O’Meara John M. , Oppenheimer Benjamin D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We analyze the O vi content and kinematics for 126 H i-selected absorbers at 0.14 ≲ z ≲ 0.73 for which the metallicities of their cool photoionized phase have been determined. We separate the absorbers into 100 strong Lyα forest systems (SLFSs with 15 ≲ log N(H i) < 16.2) and 26 partial Lyman Limit systems (pLLSs with 16.2 ≤ log N(H i) ≤ 17.2). The sample is drawn from the COS CGM Compendium (CCC) and has O vi coverage in signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 8 Hubble Space Telescope/COS G130M/G160M QSO spectra, yielding a 2σ completeness level of

log
N

(O vi) ≥ 13.6. The O vi detection rates differ substantially between low-metallicity (LM; [X/H] ≤ −1.4) and high-metallicity (HM; [X/H] > −1.4) SLFSs, with 20% and 60% detection rates, respectively. The O vi detection frequency for the HM and LM pLLSs is, however, similar at ∼60%. The SLFSs and pLLSs without detected O vi are consistent with the absorbing gas being in a single phase, while those with O vi trace multiphase gas. We show that the O vi velocity widths and column densities have different distributions in LM and HM gas. We find a strong correlation between O vi column density and metallicity. The strongest (

log
N

(O vi) ≳ 14) and broadest O vi absorbers are nearly always associated with HM absorbers, while weaker O vi absorbers are found in both LM and HM absorbers. From comparisons with galaxy-selected and blind O vi surveys, we conclude absorbers with

log
N

(O vi) ≳ 14 most likely arise in the CGM of star-forming galaxies. Absorbers with weak O vi likely trace the extended CGM or intergalactic medium, while those without O vi likely originate in the intergalactic medium.
Discovery of a Dense Association of Stars in the Vicinity of the Supermassive Black Hole Sgr A*
Authors: Hosseini S. Elaheh , Eckart Andreas , Zajaček Michal , Britzen Silke , Bhat Harshitha K. , Karas Vladimír 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We focus on a sample of 42 sources in the vicinity of the bow-shock source IRS 1W (N-source region), located at a distance of 6.″05 northeast of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), within the radius of 1.″35. We present the first proper-motion measurements of N sources and find that a larger subset of N sources (28 sources) exhibit a north–west (NW) flying angle. These sources can be bound by an intermediate-mass black hole (IMBH) or the concentration that we observe is due to a disk-like distribution projection along the line of sight. We detect the N sources in the H, K

s
, and

L
′

bands. The NW-ward flying sources could be a bound collection of stars. We discuss the tentative existence of an IMBH or an inclined disk distribution to explain the significant overdensity of stars. The first scenario of having an IMBH implies the lower limit of ∼104
M
⊙ for the putative IMBH. Our measurements for the first time reveal that the dense association of stars containing IRS 1W is a comoving group of massive, young stars. This stellar association might be the remnant core of a massive stellar cluster that is currently being tidally stripped as it inspirals toward Sgr A*. The second scenario suggests that the appearance of the N sources might be influenced by the projection of a disk-like distribution of younger He-stars and/or dust-enshrouded stars.
Surface Flux Transport Modeling Using Physics-informed Neural Networks
Authors: Athalathil Jithu J , Vaidya Bhargav , Kundu Sayan , Upendran Vishal , Cheung Mark C. M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Studying the magnetic field properties on the solar surface is crucial for understanding the solar and heliospheric activities, which in turn shape space weather in the solar system. Surface flux transport (SFT) modeling helps us to simulate and analyze the transport and evolution of magnetic flux on the solar surface, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms responsible for solar activity. In this work, we demonstrate the use of machine learning techniques in solving magnetic flux transport, making it accurate. We have developed a novel physics-informed neural network (PINN)-based model to study the evolution of bipolar magnetic regions using SFT in one-dimensional azimuthally averaged and also in two dimensions. We demonstrate the efficiency and computational feasibility of our PINN-based model by comparing its performance and accuracy with that of a numerical model implemented using the Runge–Kutta implicit–explicit scheme. The mesh-independent PINN method can be used to reproduce the observed polar magnetic field with better flux conservation. This advancement is important for accurately reproducing observed polar magnetic fields, thereby providing insights into the strength of future solar cycles. This work paves the way for more efficient and accurate simulations of solar magnetic flux transport and showcases the applicability of PINNs in solving advection–diffusion equations with a particular focus on heliophysics.
The Linear Mixing Approximation in Silica–Water Mixtures at Planetary Conditions
Authors: Darafeyeu Valiantsin , Rimle Stephanie , Mazzola Guglielmo , Helled Ravit 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The linear mixing approximation (LMA) is often used in planetary models for calculating the equations of state (EOS) of mixtures. A commonly assumed planetary composition is a mixture of rock and water. Here we assess the accuracy of the LMA for pressure–temperature conditions relevant to the interiors of Uranus and Neptune. We perform molecular dynamics simulations using ab initio simulations and consider pure water, pure silica, and 1:1 and 1:4 silica–water molecular fractions at a temperature of 3000 K and pressures between 30 and 600 GPa. We find that the LMA is valid within a few percent (< ∼5%) between ∼150 and 600 Gpa, where the sign of the difference in inferred density depends on the specific composition of the mixture. We also show that the presence of rocks delays the transition to superionic water by ∼70 GPa for the 1:4 silica–water mixture. Finally, we note that the choice of electronic theory (functionals) affects the EOS and introduces an uncertainty of the order of 10% in density. Our study demonstrates the complexity of phase diagrams in planetary conditions and the need for a better understanding of rock–water mixtures and their effect on the inferred planetary composition.
Geographical Distribution Analysis of Field Hospitals Along the Frontline: 2SFCA method-based approach
Authors: Jan JEKL  , Jiří JÁNSKÝ  
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to develop mathematical-geographical model to study the accessibility of fields hospitals along a frontline based on 2SFCA methodology. Invented P2SFCA model compares destinations proportionally and customizes the distance decay function for the needs of wounded soldiers. It is empirically shown that P2SFCA model distributes the same amount of accessibility as 2SFCA model but allocates it differently. Obtained model could be further used in decision making processes to better ensure the safety of wounded soldiers.