bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do anticoagulation medications increase the risk of haematoma in ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration of thyroid lesions?
Authors: Khadra Helmi , Kholmatov Roostam , Monlezun Dominique , Kandil Emad 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundA feared complication of thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) is bleeding diathesis and haematoma at the biopsy site. Patients are often advised to discontinue antithrombotic/anticoagulant (AT/AC) medications prior to the procedure. The aim of this study was to examine the risk of bleeding in patients on AT/AC medications undergoing cervical ultrasound (US)‐guided FNA.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 803 patients who underwent US‐guided FNA of thyroid nodules over 8 years by a single endocrine surgeon was undertaken. Clinical variables, patient demographics and use of AT/AC medications were collected and analysed. The principle outcome measures included the incidence of procedure‐related haematoma formation. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the possible independent association between post‐FNA haematoma and anticoagulation, adjusting for age, African American race, body mass index, vascularity and lesion size.ResultsA total of 1568 lesions were included in 803 patients. The mean age for the patients on AT/AC was 63.0 ± 10.4 years and those not on AT/AC was 50.1 ± 14.2 years (P < 0.001). Of those, 148 patients had 336 lesions (21%) biopsied while taking one or more daily AT/AC agent (81 patients: aspirin; 11 patients: Plavix; 17 patients: aspirin and warfarin; 30 patients: aspirin and Plavix; seven patients: rivaroxaban and aspirin; and two patients: ticagrelor and aspirin). Three patients (0.89%) in the AT/AC group compared to six patients (0.49%) not receiving AT/AC medications developed a haematoma (P = 0.41). All complications were treated conservatively and none required intervention.ConclusionsUS‐guided FNA of thyroid lesions can be safely performed on patients taking AT/AC including newer agents, without an increase in adverse outcomes or decreased diagnostic rate. Further larger prospective multi‐institutional studies are warranted to further investigate this important finding.
Paliperidone palmitate once‐every‐3‐months in adults with early illness schizophrenia
Authors: Bell Lynum Karimah S. , Turkoz Ibrahim , Kim Edward 
Published: July 2018

AimThis post hoc analysis of a double‐blind (DB), randomized, placebo‐controlled, relapse‐prevention study evaluated the effects of paliperidone palmitate once‐every‐3‐months (PP3M) in a subpopulation of adults with early illness schizophrenia (duration ≤5 years) from a clinical trial.MethodsPatients received either PP3M or placebo every 3 months in the DB phase. The primary efficacy variable was time from randomization to first relapse. Symptom severity, patient functioning, and safety were also assessed.ResultsA total of 119 patients who entered the DB phase met the criteria for early illness schizophrenia (PP3M, n = 62; placebo, n = 57). PP3M significantly delayed time to relapse vs placebo (P = .035; hazard ratio, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.08‐8.80). Symptomatic control and patient functioning were maintained in the PP3M group but significantly worsened in the placebo group. There were no unexpected tolerability findings.ConclusionsPP3M reduced relapse risk and maintained symptomatic and functional improvements compared with placebo in patients with early illness schizophrenia.
Modelling current and future abundances of benthic invertebrates using bathymetric LiDAR and oceanographic variables
Authors: Jalali Ali , Young Mary , Huang Zhi , Gorfine Harry , Ierodiaconou Daniel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA key requirement for managing commercial fisheries is understanding the geographic footprint of the resource, the level of exploitation and the potential impacts of changing climate or habitat conditions. The development of spatially explicit predictive models of species distributions combined with predictions of changing oceanographic conditions provides the opportunity to obtain new insights of species‐habitat associations. Here, generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to model the abundance of two commercially important marine macro‐invertebrates, blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra and long‐spined sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii, along the coast of Victoria, Australia. We combined abundance data from fisheries independent diver surveys with environmental variables derived from bathymetric light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and oceanographic parameters derived from satellite imagery. The GLM was used to predict species responses to environmental gradients where reef complexity, sea surface temperature (SST) and depth were strongly associated with species distributions. The abundance of H. rubra declined with increasing summer SST. In comparison, the abundance of C. rodgersii increased with increasing winter SST. The GLM showed that the projected increase in ocean temperatures will likely lead to a decline in abundance across the H. rubra fishery. Conversely, a range expansion of C. rodgersii is likely due to the strengthening of the East Australian Current. For species that exhibit a high affinity to specific seascape features, this research demonstrated how recent advances in seabed mapping can allow the identification of areas with high conservation or fisheries value at a fine‐scale relevant to resource exploitation across large geographic regions.
When the going gets tough, the tough get going: The enigma of survival strategies in harsh glacial stream environments
Authors: Niedrist Georg H. , Füreder Leopold 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Glacier retreat is a key component of environmental change in alpine environments, leading to significant changes in physico‐chemical characteristics and biological communities in glacier‐fed rivers. While the overall effects of the environment on community structure of invertebrates are largely understood, its influence on functional strategies such as feeding habits of same species are not.

The aquatic larvae of the species‐rich family Chironomidae, or nonbiting midges, are the first invertebrates colonising alpine headwaters, and the first macroinvertebrate consumers in these harsh environments. Species composition in the two subfamilies, Diamesinae and Orthocladiinae, is diverse and is strongly affected by the changing habitat conditions upon glacier retreat. Here, we show that Diamesinae have extremely flexible feeding strategies that explain their abundance, high body‐mass and predominance in glacier‐fed streams.

Along a multifactorial ecological gradient from benign to harsh, based on water temperature, sediment transport and degree of glacial influence, Diamesinae expanded their trophic niche area and covered more trophic levels when conditions harshened. In contrast, niche areas of Orthocladiinae remained small and were not related to this gradient. In Diamesinae, mean body‐mass increased with harsher environmental conditions, but no such effects were found in Orthocladiinae.

As facultative predators and able to feed on diverse food sources, Diamesinae have evolved survival mechanisms that allow them to thrive and successfully reproduce in glacier‐fed streams, which likely explains their predominance in these habitats.

Climate change‐induced glacier retreat affects the global water balance, with many downstream effects, including on irrigation and domestic use, and our study deepens our understanding of its effects on animals that depend on glacier‐melt.
Analysis of Solute Transport from a Source with Finite Leachable Mass
Authors: Neville Christopher J. , Wang Xiaomin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA general approach is developed for the analysis of solute transport from a source with a finite initial mass. The approach uses an effective retardation factor to assign the initial mass that can be leached from the source. Demonstration analyses are presented to illustrate the approach with the numerical simulator MT3DMS. For cases that are tractable with analytical solutions, comparisons between the numerical and analytical results confirm that the proposed approach yields correct results. The approach is straightforward to apply and can accommodate conditions ranging from pure advection to pure diffusion, effectively extending the capabilities of models to simulate sources with finite leachable masses for complex flow fields, reactions and distributions of sources.
Alterations in the primary teeth of children with microcephaly in Northeast Brazil: a comparative study
Authors: Siqueira Rafaella Máximo Pereira , Santos Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues , Cabral Glória Maria Pimenta 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe outbreak of microcephaly between 2015 and 2017 in Brazil created an international public health emergency.AimThis study sought to evaluate the chronology, sequence of eruption, and the presence of anomalies amongst children with microcephaly compared with normoreactive children.DesignA comparative study of 108 children aged 0–2 years attending public services was conducted. The microcephaly group (MG; n = 54) and the nonmicrocephaly group (NMG; n = 54) were matched by age, gender, and family income at a 1 : 1 ratio. Erupted teeth and the presence of anomalies were evaluated and compared. Chi‐square tests, Pearson's correlations, Fisher's exact tests, and Student's t‐tests were applied (α = 0.05).ResultsNo between‐group differences were found with regard to gender (P = 0.560) or age (P = 0.529). The MG presented with a higher percentage of alterations in eruption sequence, opacity, self‐injury, and delayed eruption compared with the NMG (P < 0.05). The MG was more likely to exhibit changes in tooth eruption sequence (OR = 12.23, 95% CIs = 3.25–46.03, P < 0.001), delayed eruption (OR = 23.12; 95% CIs = 7.09–75.40, P < 0.001), and opacity (n = 12.19, 95% CIs = 1.44–103.28, P = 0.022) than the NMG.ConclusionChildren with microcephaly present with greater delays in chronology, alterations in eruption sequence, and enamel defects than normoreactive children.
Endogenous Life‐Cycle Housing Investment and Portfolio Allocation
Authors: PELLETIER DENIS , TUNC CENGIZ 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper develops a life‐cycle portfolio allocation model to address the effects of housing investment on the portfolio allocation of households. The model employs a comprehensive housing investment structure, Epstein–Zin recursive preferences, and a stock market entry cost. Furthermore, rather than resorting to calibration we estimate the value of the relative risk aversion and elasticity of intertemporal substitution. The model shows that housing investment has a strong crowding out effect on investment in risky assets throughout the life‐cycle. We further find that the effect of the presence of housing investment on households portfolio allocation is larger than the effect of having EZ recursive preferences.
The Effect of Workplace Pensions on Household Saving: Evidence From a Natural Experiment in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Tzu‐Ting 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPopulation aging causes financial imbalances in pay‐as‐you‐go public pension programs. To remedy this problem, while ensuring the adequacy of retirement savings for employees, many countries complement or substitute public pensions by regulating their workplace pensions. This article exploits a pension reform in Taiwan that has mandated, since 2005, that all private‐sector employers contribute at least 6 percent of an employee's monthly wage to an individual pension account. I use workers in the unaffected sectors as a comparison group and employ a difference‐in‐differences method to estimate the impact of the reform on household saving rates. My estimates suggest that making private pensions mandatory significantly reduces the household saving rate by between 2.06 and 2.45 percentage points, thus implying that a $ 10 increase in the workplace pension could offset $ 5 to $ 6 of household savings.
Supplemental methionine sources have a neutral impact on oxidative status in broiler chickens
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Gilbert Elizabeth R. , Saremi Behnam , Wong Eric A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo determine the effect of different dietary Met sources on oxidative status, male Cobb 500 broiler chickens were fed from day of hatch to 26 days of age (d26) a diet deficient in sulfur amino acids (control) or a diet containing 0.22% DL‐Met, 0.22% L‐Met or 0.31% Met precursor, DL‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL‐HMTBA) to meet the Met + Cys requirements. Liver, breast muscle, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were collected at day 10 (d10) and d26 to assay markers of oxidative stress, including total glutathione (TGSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), reduced glutathione (rGSH), protein carbonyls, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP). In breast muscle, TGSH and rGSH were greater in L‐Met and DL‐HMTBA groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). An interaction of treatment and age was observed for TGSH in ileum (p = 0.01) and jejunum (p = 0.01), for GSSG in jejunum (p < 0.001), and for rGSH in ileum (p = 0.02). The ratios of rGSH to GSSG and GSSG to TGSH, which define oxidative status, were not affected by Met source. Protein carbonyls varied among groups in jejunum (p = 0.05) and breast muscle (p < 0.001), but were in the normal physiological range. No difference among treatment groups was observed for TBARS and FRAP in different tissues. Age effects were observed in all tissues for multiple oxidative stress markers. In conclusion, consuming different sources of supplementary Met did not alter the oxidative status in several tissues of broilers. Met + Cys deficiency did not compromise antioxidant capacity of chickens although growth was retarded.
A case of late‐onset Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with elevated serum lactic acid and pyruvic acid levels by cycle ergometer exercise
Authors: Hao Akihito , Hideyama Takuto , Katsumata Junko , Seki Tomonari , Tanaka Masaki , Yamagami Akiko , Shimizu Jun , Shiio Yasushi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLeber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrial disorder characterized by acute or subacute bilateral vision loss. We describe a female who experienced visual impairment at the age of 75 years. Genetic analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes revealed a point mutation (11778G>A) in MTND4 encoded by mitochondrial DNA. The most distinctive feature of our patient was the elevation of serum LA and PA levels and the LA/PA ratio by cycle ergometer exercise without clinical or pathological skeletal muscle involvement. Also, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) showed that mutation fractions of m.11778G>A in peripheral blood and muscle sample were higher than 99.9%, indicating “homoplasmy”. Although no cases of LHON with clinical impairment of skeletal muscle have been reported, subclinical mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported. We concluded that the ergometer test sensitively detected a subclinical change caused by mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, showing the diversity of genotype and phenotype relationship in LHON.
A case of recurrent proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal IgG deposits or de novo C3 glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation
Authors: Tamura Tomomi , Unagami Kohei , Okumi Masayoshi , Kakuta Yoichi , Horita Shigeru , Ishida Hideki , Koike Junki , Honda Kazuho , Tanabe Kazunari , Nitta Kosaku 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTProliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig)G deposits (PGNMID) is a rare disease with a treatment that is not well established. Several cases of recurrent PGNMID after kidney transplantation have been documented, but almost all cases reported symptoms such as elevated serum creatinine and/or urinary protein levels; subsequently, episode biopsies were performed and a diagnosis was made. This is the case of a 27‐year‐old man who underwent living‐donor kidney transplantation. The aetiology of renal failure was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type III, which had been diagnosed at the age of 9 years. Protocol biopsy performed on postoperative day 62 revealed isolated granular C3 deposits in the glomerular capillaries and mesangium. We reviewed the native kidney biopsy and confirmed IgG3 deposition alone, with strong glomerular staining for lambda light chains and negative staining for kappa light chains. Accordingly, we re‐diagnosed the aetiology of his renal failure as PGNMID and suspected recurrent PGNMID in the early stage; therefore, we administered plasma exchange therapy. Thereafter, protocol biopsies were performed twice, which revealed persistent isolated C3 deposition; therefore, we made a diagnosis of recurrent PGNMID or C3 glomerulonephritis. Currently, the patient has normal renal function, with negative urine findings for >1 year. Here, we present the histological findings of consecutive allograft biopsies performed in this patient.
Frequency and outcome of post‐extubation dysphagia using nurse‐performed swallowing screening protocol
Authors: Omura Kazuya , Komine Atsushi , Yanagigawa Mari , Chiba Naomi , Osada Maiko 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundPost‐extubation dysphagia reportedly occurs in 3%–60% of patients and is independently associated with poor patient outcomes.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of post‐extubation dysphagia, as diagnosed using our novel nurse‐performed swallowing screening protocol, and to evaluate patient outcomes, including the frequency of discharge home, the length of the intensive care unit and hospital stays, the frequency of hospital‐acquired pneumonia and death in the intensive care unit and hospital.DesignThis was a prospective cohort study.MethodsThis study was conducted in a mixed intensive care unit in a critical care hospital in Japan. Between October 2016 and September 2017, the swallowing functions of 216 patients were assessed using our novel screening protocol. To investigate the correlation between dysphagia and patient outcomes, we compared a dysphagia group with a no dysphagia group.ResultsTwenty‐five patients (11·6%) were diagnosed with dysphagia. The frequency of discharge home, which was the primary outcome, was significantly lower in the patients with dysphagia (60% versus 87·4%, P = 0·002). Dysphagia was also correlated with longer hospital stay and higher mortality. A binomial logistic regression analysis, including the variables of dysphagia, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and duration of ventilator use, showed that dysphagia was an independent risk factor for a lower incidence of discharge home.ConclusionAmong patients admitted to a mixed intensive care unit, post‐extubation dysphagia was correlated with a poor prognosis.Relevance to clinical practiceThe current study emphasizes the poor prognosis of patients with dysphagia after extubation. Dysphagia developed in more than 1 in 10 patients post‐extubation; therefore, monitoring for a swallowing disorder is crucial in daily nursing in the intensive care unit.
Anti‐rheumatic medication and salivary MMP‐8, a biomarker for periodontal disease
Authors: Äyräväinen Leena , Heikkinen Anna Maria , Kuuliala Antti , Ahola Kirsi , Koivuniemi Riitta , Moilanen Eeva , Hämäläinen Mari , Tervahartiala Taina , Meurman Jukka H. , Leirisalo‐Repo Marjatta , Sorsa Timo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of anti‐rheumatic medications on salivary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8 levels and MMP‐8/TIMP (tissue inhibitor of MMPs)‐1 ratio in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal findings during a 1‐year follow‐up.Materials and MethodsSalivary MMP‐8 was measured by an immunofluorometric assay and TIMP‐1 by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of 53 patients with early untreated RA (ERA), naïve to synthetic disease modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), of 28 patients with chronic RA (CRA), candidates for biologic DMARDs and of 43 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Periodontal health was evaluated by bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and periodontal inflammatory burden index (PIBI). Examinations were conducted twice for RA patients and once for controls.ResultsSalivary MMP‐8 level and MMP‐8/TIMP‐1 ratio associated positively with PIBI in patients with chronic RA (MMP‐8: p < 0.001 at baseline, p = 0.002 after follow‐up; MMP‐8/TIMP‐1 ratio p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively) and in controls (MMP‐8: p = 0.010, MMP‐8/TIMP‐1 ratio: p = 0.010). Salivary MMP‐8 levels were highest at the early stage of RA. The used DMARDs, synthetic or biologic, did not affect salivary MMP‐8 concentrations.ConclusionsThe use of synthetic or biologic DMARDs did not affect salivary MMP‐8 levels in RA patients regardless the duration of RA.
Instructions for Climbing the Ladder (The Minimalism of Wittgenstein'sTractatus)
Authors: Engelmann Mauro Luiz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractI aim to present a solution to the apparent paradox of theTractatusby means of a minimalist reading grounded in the idea that the correct logical symbolism alone “finally solves” in essentials the philosophical problems. I argue that although the sentences of theTractatusare nonsensical, rules presented in its symbolism are not. The symbolism itself expresses only a priori rules of logic through schematic variables that do not say anything. I argue that this reading correctly expresses the ladder structure of the book, and that it can account for Wittgenstein's critique of theTractatusinSome Remarks on Logical Form.
The impact of immobilisation and inflammation on the regulation of muscle mass and insulin resistance: different routes to similar end‐points
Authors: Crossland Hannah , Skirrow Sarah , Puthucheary Zudin A. , Constantin‐Teodosiu Dumitru , Greenhaff Paul L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLoss of muscle mass and insulin sensitivity are common phenotypic traits of immobilisation and increased inflammatory burden. The suppression of muscle protein synthesis is the primary driver of muscle mass loss in human immobilisation, and includes blunting of post‐prandial increases in muscle protein synthesis. However, the mechanistic drivers of this suppression are unresolved. Immobilisation also induces limb insulin resistance in humans, which appears to be attributable to the reduction in muscle contraction per se. Again mechanistic insight is missing such that we do not know how muscle senses its “inactivity status” or whether the proposed drivers of muscle insulin resistance are simply arising as a consequence of immobilisation. A heightened inflammatory state is associated with major and rapid changes in muscle protein turnover and mass, and dampened insulin‐stimulated glucose disposal and oxidation in both rodents and humans. A limited amount of research has attempted to elucidate molecular regulators of muscle mass loss and insulin resistance during increased inflammatory burden, but rarely concurrently. Nevertheless, there is evidence that Akt (protein kinase B) signalling and FOXO transcription factors form part of a common signalling pathway in this scenario, such that molecular cross‐talk between atrophy and insulin signalling during heightened inflammation is believed to be possible. To conclude, whilst muscle mass loss and insulin resistance are common end‐points of immobilisation and increased inflammatory burden, a lack of understanding of the mechanisms responsible for these traits exists such that a substantial gap in understanding of the pathophysiology in humans endures.image