bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant Adaptogens: Natural Medicaments for 21stCentury?
Authors: Özdemir Zülal , Bildziukevich Uladzimir , Wimmerová Martina , Macůrková Anna , Lovecká Petra , Wimmer Zdeněk 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis review is devoted to adaptogens, plant products capable of producing nonspecific responses in the human body, resulting in increasing the resistance against multiple stressors (physical, chemical or biological) and capable of having a normalizing effect to the human body. Adaptogens must be non‐toxic, harmless, capable of not influencing normal body functions more than required, and capable of treating depression, a common neuropsychiatric illness, the importance of which is increasing by number of new patients every year. Number of plants are able to produce natural compounds, which meet the criteria of becoming adaptogens. The most known of them are used in traditional medicine for centuries. This review summarizes data from several most important plant sources of adaptogens, however, it does not cover the field of adaptogens in all its variability. Based on the literature search covering the two past decades, it is focused at several most important plant species and their products, and at their proven or potential pharmacological effects in treating several important diseases.
An Efficient Molecular Scaffold Exhibiting Fluorescence “Turn–On” Response for Cyanide and HCN
Authors: Gupta Ramesh C. , Dwivedi Sushil K. , Ali Rashid , Misra Arvind 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe present work describes design and synthesis of a biphenylaldimine derivative, probe 2 as an efficient molecular scaffold. The probe 2 showed good photophysical behavior and upon interaction with anions and gases showed high selectivity and sensitivity for CN‐ anion and HCN gas through a reaction based chemodosimeter approach with limit of detection 24 ppb and 7 ppm, respectively. The change in optical behavior of the probe is attributed to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. Probe 2 displayed enhanced emission, “turn‐on” due to the formation of a new biphenyl oxazole derivative 4 in the medium along with change in color of the medium which was sensitive to the naked‐eyes. The mechanism of interaction between probe and cyanide anion have been confirmed by the 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectral data analysis. The molecular probe 2 has been successfully utilized to detect cyanide (CN‐) and HCN gas in solution and on test paper strips.
Design, Microwave‐Assisted and Conventional Synthesis of New Hybrid Compounds Derived From 1‐(4‐Fluorophenyl)piperazine and Screening for Their Biological Activities
Authors: Ozdemir Serap Basoglu , Demirbas Neslihan , Demirbas Ahmet , Colak Nesrin , Ayaz Faik Ahmet 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of new conazole analogues (8 a‐d) was performed by three steps sequential reactions of compounds 5 a,b containing the condensation with 4‐chlorophenylethanone, reduction of carbonyl function and O‐alkylation intermediates 2‐[(4‐Benzyl‐5‐{[4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]methyl}‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)thio]‐1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)ethanol (7 a) and 2‐[(5‐{[4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]methyl}‐4‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐yl)thio]‐1‐phenylethanol (7 b). The treatment of triazoles 4‐Benzyl‐5‐{[4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]methyl}‐2,4‐dihydro‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol (5 a) and 5‐{[4‐(4‐Fluorophenyl)piperazin‐1‐yl]methyl}‐4‐phenyl‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiol (5 b) with several amines in the presence of formaldehyde generated the corresponding Mannich bases (9‐12). All the reactions were examined under traditional and microwave irradiation conditions, and optimum conditions were defined. The antimicrobial, antiurease and antioxidant activities of the newly synthesized compounds were screened. Most of them had potent activity against to test microorganism. Especially mannich bases showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 0.24 and 1.9 μg/mL.
The middle Miocene duck Chenoanas (Aves, Anatidae): new species, phylogeny and geographical range
Authors: Zelenkov Nikita V. , Stidham Thomas A. , Martynovich Nicolay V. , Volkova Natalia V. , Li Qiang , Qiu Zhuding 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA notable reorganization of the waterfowl communities apparently took place across Eurasia during the middle to early late Miocene, when primitive and extinct anatid taxa (e.g. Mionetta) were replaced by more derived forms, including extant genera. However, little is known about the diversity of Eurasian waterfowl and their palaeobiogeography during this critical interval. In particular, larger ducks of the middle Miocene are represented by poorly known taxa including ‘Anas’ sansaniensis from western and central Europe and Chenoanas deserti from Western Mongolia. We report new geographically widespread specimens referred to Chenoanas from Mongolia, eastern Siberia, and China that include a new species, Chenoanas asiatica sp. nov., and allow for recognition of the European ‘Anas’ sansaniensis as a member of Chenoanas. We describe the oldest remains of Chenoanas sansaniensis from eastern Siberia, which supports a westward dispersal or range expansion of this group of ducks during the Miocene, comparable to the previously established biogeographical affinities of many Eurasian mammals. These data also support a growing body of evidence that avian faunas of Siberia were similar to European ones during the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum. Our data indicate a wide Eurasian distribution (more than 8000 km) and a greater diversity within the genus Chenoanas during the late early to middle Miocene. The phylogenetic analysis of Chenoanas suggests that it may be a primitive member of Anatini, and thus does not belong to the basal radiation of extinct relatives of stiff‐tailed ducks (Oxyura and its relatives). Species of Chenoanas were probably not specialized divers.
Hybrid Graphene‐Polyoxometalates Nanofluids as Liquid Electrodes for Dual Energy Storage in Novel Flow Cells
Authors: Dubal Deepak P. , Rueda‐Garcia Daniel , Marchante Carlos , Benages Raul , Gomez‐Romero Pedro 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSolid Hybrid materials abound. But flowing versions of them are new actors in the materials science landscape and in particular for energy applications. This paper presents a new way to deliver nanostructured hybrid materials for energy storage, namely, in the form of nanofluids. We present here the first example of a hybrid electroactive nanofluid (HENFs) combining capacitive and faradaic energy storage mechanisms in a single fluid material. This liquid electrode is composed of reduced graphene oxide and polyoxometalates (rGO‐POMs) forming a stable nanocomposite for electrochemical energy storage in novel Nanofluid Flow Cells. Two graphene based hybrid materials (rGO‐phosphomolybdate, rGO‐PMo12 and rGO‐phosphotungstate, rGO‐PW12) were synthesized and dispersed with the aid of a surfactant in 1 M H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte to yield highly stable hybrid electroactive nanofluids (HENFs) of low viscosity which were tested in a home‐made flow cell under static and continuous flowing conditions. Remarkably, even low concentration rGO‐POMs HENFs (0.025 wt%) exhibited high specific capacitances of 273 F/g(rGO‐PW12) and 305 F/g(rGO‐PMo12) with high specific energy and specific power. Moreover, rGO‐POM HENFs show excellent cycling stability (∼95 %) as well as Coulombic efficiency (∼77–79 %) after 2000 cycles. Thus, rGO‐POM HENFs effectively behave as real liquid electrodes with excellent properties, demonstrating the possible future application of HENFs for dual energy storage in a new generation of Nanofluid Flow Cells.
The Relationship between Inequality and Growth: Evidence from New Data
Authors: Naguib Costanza 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe relationship between inequality and growth has attracted a lot of attention in the previous literature. Estimation of this relationship may be biased by simultaneity, omitted variables and measurement error. The present paper contributes to the existing work by introducing the wealth Gini coefficient as a new inequality measure. The most reliable and recent data on income inequality are used for estimation. We employ the Arellano-Bond GMM estimation technique and we find that there seems to be a positive relationship between wealth inequality and real per capita GDP growth, but this relationship is not robust to different model specifications.
Partisan Campaigning and Initiative Petition Signing in Direct Democracies
Authors: Hofer Katharina E. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates whether popular initiatives signed by a larger share of the population have higher acceptance rates at the subsequent vote. The main analysis is based on all Swiss federal initiatives voted between 1978 and 2000 with a panel of aggregate voting data at cantonal level. The results suggest that petition signing is positively and significantly related to acceptance rates at ballot. I address potential omitted variable bias from underlying preferences which might be driving both signatures and acceptance rates in three ways. First, the panel structure of the data allows to control for time-constant preferences via fixed effects. Second, results are robust to various proxies for voter preferences. Third, using the doubling of the signature requirement in 1978 as an instrumental variable confirms the above result. The findings imply that petition signing can serve as an effective partisan campaigning tool.
Knowledge sharing between general and pediatric emergency departments: connections, barriers, and opportunities
Authors: Crockett Leah K. , Leggett Carly , Curran Janet A. , Knisley Lisa , Brockman Gwenyth , Scott Shannon D. , Hartling Lisa , Jabbour Mona , Klassen Terry P. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTranslating Emergency Knowledge for Kids (TREKK) is a national network aimed at improving emergency care for children by increasing collaborations and knowledge sharing between general and pediatric emergency departments (EDs). This study aimed to determine patterns of knowledge sharing within the network and to identify connections, barriers, and opportunities to obtaining pediatric information and training.MethodsWe conducted 22 semi-structured interviews with health care professionals working in general EDs, purposefully sampled to represent connected and disconnected sites, based on two previous internal quantitative social network analyses (SNA). Data were analyzed by two independent reviewers.ResultsParticipants included physicians (59%) and nurses (41%) from 18 general EDs in urban (68%) and rural/remote (32%) Canada. Health care professionals sought information both formally and informally, by using guidelines, talking to colleagues, and attending pediatric related training sessions. Network structure and processes were found to increase connections, support practice change, and promote standards of care. Participants identified personal, organizational and system level barriers to information and skill acquisition, including resources and personal costs, geography, dissemination, and time. Providing easy access to information at the point of care was promoted through enhancing content visibility and by embedding resources into local systems. There remains a need to share successful methods of local dissemination and implementation across the network, and to leverage local professional champions such as clinical nurse liaisons.ConclusionsThese findings reinforce the critical role of ongoing network evaluation to improve the design and delivery of knowledge mobilization initiatives.
Primary Care Medical Practices: Are Community Health Care Providers Ready for Disasters?
Authors: Peters Rachel M. , Hipper Thomas J. , Chernak Esther D. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThis study seeks to determine the capacity of community primary care practices to meet the needs of patients during public health emergencies and to identify the barriers and resources necessary to participate in a coordinated response with public safety agencies.MethodsThe self-administered web-based survey was distributed in January 2014 via e-mail to primary care providers in Pennsylvania using the listservs of several professional societies.ResultsA total of 179 primary care providers participated in the survey. In total, 38% had practice continuity of operations plan in place and 26% reported that they had a plan for patient surge in the outpatient setting. Thirty percent reported that they were registered on the state Health Alert Network and 41% said they were able to communicate with patients during disasters. Only 8% of providers reported that they believed that their patients with special health care needs were prepared for a disaster, although over two-thirds of responding practices felt they could assist these patients with disaster preparedness. Providers indicated that more information regarding government agency plans and community resources, patient education materials, and more time to devote to counseling during patient encounters would improve their ability to prepare their patients with special health care needs for disasters. Providers also reported that they would benefit from partnerships to help the practice during emergencies and communications technology to reach large numbers of patients quickly.ConclusionsCommunity-based primary care practices can be useful partners during public health emergencies. Efforts to promote continuity of operations planning, improved coordination with government and community partners, as well as preparedness for patients with special health care needs, would augment their capabilities and contribute to community resilience. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:128–132).
Creation of a Collaborative Disaster Preparedness Video for Daycare Providers: Use of the Delphi Model for the Creation of a Comprehensive Disaster Preparedness Video for Daycare Providers
Authors: Mar Pamela , Spears Robert , Reeb Jeffrey , Thompson Sarah B. , Myers Paul , Burke Rita V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveEight million American children under the age of 5 attend daycare and more than another 50 million American children are in school or daycare settings. Emergency planning requirements for daycare licensing vary by state. Expert opinions were used to create a disaster preparedness video designed for daycare providers to cover a broad spectrum of scenarios.MethodsVarious stakeholders (17) devised the outline for an educational pre-disaster video for child daycare providers using the Delphi technique. Fleiss κ values were obtained for consensus data. A 20-minute video was created, addressing the physical, psychological, and legal needs of children during and after a disaster. Viewers completed an anonymous survey to evaluate topic comprehension.ResultsA consensus was attempted on all topics, ranging from elements for inclusion to presentation format. The Fleiss κ value of 0.07 was obtained. Fifty-seven of the total 168 video viewers completed the 10-question survey, with comprehension scores ranging from 72% to 100%.ConclusionEvaluation of caregivers that viewed our video supports understanding of video contents. Ultimately, the technique used to create and disseminate the resources may serve as a template for others providing pre-disaster planning education. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:123–127)
Multiple glacial advances in the Rangitata Valley, South Island, New Zealand, imply roles for Southern Hemisphere westerlies and summer insolation in MIS 3 glacial advances
Authors: Shulmeister James , Thackray Glenn D. , Rittenour Tammy M. , Hyatt Olivia M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStratigraphic evidence and extensive optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) geochronology from an 18-km-long reach of the middle Rangitata Valley, South Island, New Zealand, provide evidence for at least six distinct glacial advances during the last glacial cycle. These include four well-constrained Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 and 2 advances at ca. 38 ka, ca. 27 ka, ca. 21 ka and at 18 ka, as well as less well-constrained advances in MIS 4 and/or early MIS 3. Ice occupied a farther downvalley reach of the Rangitata from 38 ka to after 18 ka, indicating that near-full glacial conditions persisted for most of the last 20 ka of the last glaciation, though the glacier still fluctuated significantly, as reflected by the numerous distinguishable advances. Global or regional cooling alone cannot explain the persistence of near-maximum glacial conditions for this extended period, nor can it explain the occurrence of the largest advances ca. 32 ka. Instead, we invoke the northward expansion of the westerlies during MIS 3 as the cause for the early widespread glaciation, wherein enhanced westerly flow under moderate cooling maximised glacial extents. Local insolation favoured extended MIS 3 glaciation until ca. 32 ka. Increasing summer insolation gradually reduced glacial extents after ca. 28 ka.
Allowing for the structure of a designed experiment when estimating and testing trait correlations
Authors: Piepho Hans-Peter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCrop scientists occasionally compute sample correlations between traits based on observed data from designed experiments, and this is often accompanied by significance tests of the null hypothesis that traits are uncorrelated. This simple approach does not account for effects due to the randomization layout and treatment structure of the experiments and hence statistical inference based on standard procedures is not appropriate. The present paper describes how valid inferences accounting for all relevant effects can be obtained using bivariate mixed linear model procedures. A salient feature of the approach is that the bivariate model is commensurate with the model used for univariate analysis of individual traits and allows bivariate correlations to be computed at the level of effects. Heterogeneity of correlations between effects can be assessed by likelihood ratio tests or by graphical inspection of bivariate scatter plots of effect estimates. if heterogeneity is found to be substantial, it is crucial to focus on the correlation of effects, and usually, the main interest will be in the treatment effects. If heterogeneity is judged to be negligible, the marginal correlation can be estimated from the bivariate model for an overall assessment of association. The proposed methods are illustrated using four examples. Hints are given to alternative routes of analysis accounting for all treatment and design effects such as regression with groups and analysis of covariance.
The comforting power of Christianity: Genevieve Aupidlak's correspondence with Father A. Thibert (OMI) in the Brandon Sanatorium (1954–1957)
Authors: Laugrand Frédéric B. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn 2010, after many interviews by the Qikiqtani Truth Commission (QTC), the Qikiqtani Inuit Association released a report to help the public understand the impact of tuberculosis on the Inuit and thereby promote reconciliation, a goal shared by this study. In this paper, I discuss a corpus of about 28 letters by an Inuit patient named Genevieve Aupidlak who was treated at the Brandon Sanatorium from 1954 to 1957. The letters have been transcribed from old syllabics and translated. Aupidlak's story shows not only the suffering of Inuit in southern sanatoria but also the role of Christianity and that of some missionaries—such as Father Thibert—in supporting Inuit resilience. Aupidlak's letters illustrate how Inuit used their Christian faith to survive and how they ascribed healing power to Christian prayer and confession, in keeping with a much older shamanic pattern.
Developmental competence of cat (Felis domesticus) oocytes and embryos after parthenogenetic stimulation using different methods
Authors: Kochan Joanna , Nowak Agnieszka , Niżański Wojciech , Prochowska Sylwia , Migdał Anna , Młodawska Wiesława , Partyka Agnieszka , Witkowski Maciej 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of various activating factors on feline oocytes. The study included activation within the ovary (natural), activation during in vitro maturation (spontaneous activation), chemical activation (ionomycin + 6-DMAP), activation by spermatozoa and injection (ICSI) and mechanical activation (sham ICSI). According to our results, parthenogenetic embryos could emerge at every step of in vitro embryo production (IVP) procedures. After oocyte collection, 6% of parthenogenetic embryos were observed, mainly at the 2–4-blastomere stages. After 24 h of in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation was observed in 7% of oocytes. Using ionomycin and 6-DMAP to artificially activate oocytes, 53% of cleaved embryos were obtained. The results after ICSI (54% cleaved embryos) were not significantly different from the results in Group III using chemical activation (53% cleaved embryos). But only after ICSI were blastocysts obtained (5/73.7%) as a result of in vitro culture. Moreover, embryos after ICSI were of the best morphological quality with minor levels of fragmentation evident in the embryos. After sham mechanical activation, ‘sham ICSI’, 8% of cleaved embryos were noted. Therefore, it is advised to maintain a negative control in parallel with each step of IVP techniques, to avoid misleading results. Chemical methods for artificial activation of feline oocytes are the most promising for application to the cloning and production of parthenogenetic embryos for experimental studies.
Myocardial stress perfusion magnetic resonance in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hernandez Lazaro E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundMicrovascular dysfunction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been associated with poor clinical outcome. Several studies have demonstrated a reduced perfusion reserve proportional to the magnitude of the hypertrophy. We investigated the utility of stress perfusion cardiac MRI to detect microvascular dysfunction in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.MethodsFrom January 2016 to January 2017, 13 patients, with a mean age of 15.3 years, with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy underwent regadenoson stress perfusion cardiac MRI (1.5-T Siemens Aera). A single-shot, T1-weighted saturation recovery gradient echo was used for first-pass perfusion in a multiple-slices group, including three short-axis slices and one four-chamber slice. Coronary vasodilatory stress was achieved using bolus injection of regadenoson (lexiscan 0.4 mg/5 ml) and dynamic perfusion during rest and stress performed by administering 0.05 mmol/kg of gadolinium contrast agent (gadoteridol) injected at a rate of 3.5 ml/s, followed by assessment of viability using two-dimensional phase-sensitive inversion recovery of the entire myocardium.ResultsAll patients completed protocols with no interruptions. In all, seven patients developed perfusion defects after the administration of regadenoson. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy was the most common pattern of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=4) in those with abnormal perfusion. A total of four patients with perfusion defects had a maximum wall thickness <30 mm. The finding of perfusion defects in areas without late gadolinium enhancement in some of our patients indicates that gadolinium enhancement by itself could underestimate the true extension of microvascular disease. Out of seven patients, five patients with positive stress cardiac MRI have undergone implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement based on current guidelines.ConclusionsRegadenoson stress cardiac MRI is feasible and clinically valuable in paediatric patients. It is particularly effective in unmasking abnormal myocardial perfusion in the presence of microvascular dysfunction in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Aurangzeb and the Nāth Yogīs
Authors: BOUILLIER VÉRONIQUE 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on some representations of Aurangzeb in the Nath Yogi lore; their ambivalence appears as a signifier of the complex relationships the Nath Yogis had with Islam. Aurangzeb figures both as a powerful enemy and as a clumsy devotee, he is depicted more as a symbol than as an historical individual character.