bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaginal delivery in women with a low‐lying placenta: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jansen CHJR , de Mooij YM , Blomaard CM , Derks JB , van Leeuwen E , Limpens J , Schuit E , Mol BW , Pajkrt E 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundLow‐lying placentas are positioned close to the internal os of the cervix. The preferred way of delivery within this group is unclear.ObjectivesTo review the literature on the success of a vaginal delivery with a low‐lying placenta.Search strategyWe searched OVID EMBASE and MEDLINE for studies on vaginal delivery with a low‐lying placenta.Data collection and analysesData was extracted on successful vaginal delivery and emergency caesarean section due to haemorrhage. We distinguished between different distances between the cervical os and the placenta (internal os distance, IOD); 0–10, 11–20, and >20 mm. A meta‐analysis of proportions was made for successful vaginal delivery and emergency caesarean section at every cut‐off value. Maternal morbidity (i.e. antepartum blood loss, postpartum haemorrhage and blood transfusion) at different cut‐off values was evaluated.Main resultsOf the 999 articles retrieved, 10 articles met our inclusion criteria. A vaginal delivery was successful at an IOD of 0–10 mm in 43%, at an IOD of 11–20 mm in 85%, and at an IOD of >20 mm in 82%. A shorter IOD had a higher chance of antepartum haemorrhage, whereas a larger IOD needed postpartum blood transfusion more often. Postpartum haemorrhage did not depend on IOD.ConclusionA low‐lying placenta is not a contraindication for a trial of labour, and the morbidity in these women is not increased. However, women with a low‐lying placenta have a higher chance of an emergency caesarean section compared with women with a placenta outside the lower uterine segment. Therefore, shared decision‐making is mandatory in case of a trial of labour.Tweetable abstractThis systematic review demonstrates the possibility of a vaginal delivery in women with a low‐lying placenta within 20 mm of the cervix.
An Experiment to Characterize the Decomposer Community Associated with Carcasses (Sus scrofa domesticus) on Oahu, Hawaii
Authors: Dibner Hannah , Mangca Valdez Chelsie , Carter David O. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPig (Sus scrofa domesticus) carcasses were decomposed on the soil surface of a terrestrial habitat on the island of Oahu, Hawaii to begin characterizing the decomposer community. Results showed that carcasses can decompose rapidly on Oahu, primarily due to the activity of fly larvae, with ~80% of mass lost by 8 days (~220 ADD) postmortem. Scavenging was conducted exclusively by the small Indian mongoose (Herpestes javanicus), first feeding on larvae then feeding on the remains. Carcasses were habitats of warm temperature, little to no oxygen, slightly acidic/neutral pH, and high sodium concentration. Larval masses selected for a microbial community comprised of multiple bacterial taxa from phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, particularly genera Clostridium, Proteus, and Providencia. These larval masses were well established from 3 to 8 days (~90 to ~220 ADD) postmortem. These data provide helpful, novel insight into the structure and activity of carcass decomposer communities on Oahu.
Entomological and Cardiologic Evidence of Time Since Death in Short Postmortem Intervals
Authors: Ondruschka Benjamin , Babian Carsten , Neef Martin , Zwirner Johann , Schwarz Marcus 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEstimating the time since death of the deceased is a main goal in forensic investigations, but this can be challenging due to contradictory results derived from different investigations at the scene of death. We present a case of a 78‐year‐old woman, found dead in a small forest with broad‐leaved trees, whose husband had a history of domestic violence. Routinely performed investigations, such as postmortem rectal temperature and lividity, yielded inconsistent time since death results between only a few and longer than 20 h. This difficulty was most likely caused by high ambient temperatures of up to 38.0°C, which negatively influenced the informative value of the applied nomogram method. Additionally, performed entomological investigation of fly maggots (Lucilia illustris) recovered from the corpse and the assessment of heart pacemaker data revealed consistent and incontrovertible results. The presented case highlights the benefits of information provided by entomological investigations and data evaluation of cardiac implantable electronic devices and the combined use of the two techniques.
Morphology and function of ovipositorial and tarsal sensilla of female Asian citrus psyllid
Authors: Zhang Xingyan , Rizvi Syed Arif Hussain , Wang Huatang , Zeng Xinnian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera:Psyllidae), is one of the most important pests of citrus plants worldwide, due to be the dominant vector of the devastating citrus disease Huanglongbing (HLB). Selection of suitable oviposition site is a crucial event of phytophagous insect life. Usually, the chemical and physical characteristics of a host plant were recognized by sensilla on the ovipositor and tarsi of a phytophagous insect after settling on a plant surface. In this study, the morphology, number, and distribution pattern of the ovipositorial and tarsal sensilla of adult female psyllids, were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The effect of these sensilla on oviposition was investigated by sensilla deactivation using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The results showed that sensilla trichoid (ST), sensilla chaetica (ChS) and sensilla basiconica (SB) were distributed on ovipositor, while sensilla trichoid (ST) were distributed on the external genitalia. Sensilla chaetica (ChS) and basiconica (SB) were mainly distributed on the end of the ovipositor back plate, and on the base of the sternum. On tarsus, sensilla trichoid (ST), sensilla chaetica (ChS), sensilla triangular (TeS) and sensilla ear ball (SE) were observed. However, whole tarsal segments were covered with Böhm's mane, which was arranged in a circular line. Oviposition assay revealed that a significantly lower number of eggs were laid on the Murraya paniculata seedlings confined by the psyllids with deactivated ovipositorial sensilla followed by protarsal sensilla, mesotarsal sensilla and hindtarsal sensilla. These results suggested that the ovipositorial and tarsal sensilla of citrus psyllid have an important role in the oviposition.
Tip rates, phylogenies and diversification: What are we estimating, and how good are the estimates?
Authors: Title Pascal O. , Rabosky Daniel L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSpecies‐specific diversification rates, or ‘tip rates’, can be computed quickly from phylogenies and are widely used to study diversification rate variation in relation to geography, ecology and phenotypes. These tip rates provide a number of theoretical and practical advantages, such as the relaxation of assumptions of rate homogeneity in trait‐dependent diversification studies. However, there is substantial confusion in the literature regarding whether these metrics estimate speciation or net diversification rates. Additionally, no study has yet compared the relative performance and accuracy of tip rate metrics across simulated diversification scenarios.We compared the statistical performance of three model‐free rate metrics (inverse terminal branch lengths; node density metric; DR statistic) and a model‐based approach (Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures [BAMM]). We applied each method to a large set of simulated phylogenies that had been generated under different diversification processes. We summarized performance in relation to the type of rate variation, the magnitude of rate heterogeneity and rate regime size. We also compared the ability of the metrics to estimate both speciation and net diversification rates.We show decisively that model‐free tip rate metrics provide a better estimate of the rate of speciation than of net diversification. Error in net diversification rate estimates increases as a function of the relative extinction rate. In contrast, error in speciation rate estimates is low and relatively insensitive to extinction. Overall, and in particular when relative extinction was high, BAMM inferred the most accurate tip rates and exhibited lower error than non‐model‐based approaches. DR was highly correlated with true speciation rates but exhibited high error variance, and was the best metric for very small rate regimes.We found that, of the metrics tested, DR and BAMM are the most useful metrics for studying speciation rate dynamics and trait‐dependent diversification. Although BAMM was more accurate than DR overall, the two approaches have complementary strengths. Because tip rate metrics are more reliable estimators of speciation rate, we recommend that empirical studies using these metrics exercise caution when drawing biological interpretations in any situation where the distinction between speciation and net diversification is important.
Gross osteology and radiology of the pelvic limb of the adult small East African goat
Authors: Makungu Modesta 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to provide the detailed normal gross osteology and radiographic anatomy of the pelvic limb in adult small East African goats as a reference for clinical use, biomedical research and teaching. Radiography of the pelvic limb was performed in five adult small East African goats. Bone specimens of four skeletally mature small East African goats were used for gross osteological study. The ilial wing was wide. The ischiatic tuberosity was prominent and well developed. The acetabulum was rounded. The minor trochanter was located caudomedially, and the femoral trochlea was deep and narrow. The lateral and medial condyles of the femur were approximately of the same size. The tibial tuberosity was prominent, and the cochlea grooves were deep with a pronounced intermediate ridge. The trochlea of the talus was deep. The patella presented a prominent tuberosity on the cranial surface. The metatarsal sesamoid bone was seen in all animals. The observed gross osteology and radiographic anatomy of the pelvic limb of small East African goats was consistent with the presence of strong extensor muscles of the hip, stifle and tarsus for propulsion during terrestrial walking and trotting.
Buprenorphine for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Lake Elizabeth P. , Mitchell Brian G. , Shorter Darryl I. , Kosten Thomas , Domingo Coreen B. , Walder Annette M. 
Published: January 2019

Background and ObjectivesThe core pharmacological treatment of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), although remission is only around 30% with them. Many patients will self‐treat with opioids and due to the opiate system involvement in dysphoric mood and anxiety/stress responses, it is likely that antagonism of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system represents a potential target for treatment of PTSD. The aim of this study is to compare response of PTSD symptoms when antagonizing KOR via buprenorphine/naloxone compared to SSRIs or opioid therapy.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients in the MEDVAMC between June 1, 2010 and June 30, 2016 was conducted. Inclusion criteria included patients with a documented diagnosis of PTSD with at least two documented PTSD scores (either PCLC or PC‐PTSD). Exclusion criteria included patients not prescribed one of the study medications (ie, buprenorphine, SSRI, or opiate for chronic pain), and patients not on the study medication for at least 30 days.ResultsBuprenorphine patients exhibited the lowest final average PTSD score (2.47) and the largest change from baseline (−24.0%) compared to opioids (−16.1%) or SSRIs (1.16%). The average buprenorphine dose was 23.3 mg/day, and the average length of therapy was 860 days.ConclusionsBuprenorphine may help decrease PTSD symptoms more than SSRIs or opioids alone. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether these effects are reproducible.Scientific SignificancePharmacotherapy advancements in PTSD treatment have been limited and the kappa opioid receptor system presents a new target that warrants further research. (Am J Addict 2019;XX:1–6)
Comparison of opioid use disorder among male veterans and non‐veterans: Disorder rates, socio‐demographics, co‐morbidities, and quality of life
Authors: Rhee Taeho Greg , Rosenheck Robert A. 
Published: January 2019

Background and ObjectivesAmidst a surging national crisis of opioid use, concern has been expressed about its impact on veterans, but no study has presented a population‐based comparison of opioid use disorder (OUD) among veterans and non‐veterans. We analyzed national epidemiologic data to compare rates, correlates and impacts of the opioid crisis on male veterans and non‐veterans.MethodsRestricted data from 2012 to 2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions‐III (NESARC‐III) were used to compare veteran and non‐veteran men on rates of OUD, as well as correlates of OUD including socio‐demographic characteristics, psychiatric and substance use co‐morbidities, and reductions in health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).ResultsAbout 2.0% of veterans and 2.7% of non‐veterans, estimated at 418,000 and 2.5 million men, respectively, met criteria for life‐time OUD. In both groups, OUD was associated with younger age, lower income levels, and fewer years of education. OUD was associated minority race among veterans, but with non‐Hispanic white race among non‐veterans. Both veteran and non‐veteran adults with OUD were at least five times more likely than their peers to have both psychiatric and substance use co‐morbidities (p < .001) and they experienced strongly reduced HRQOL scores (Cohen's d = −.50 to −.93).Discussion and ConclusionVeterans and non‐veterans experience similar risk of OUD, similar correlates and adverse HRQOL impacts suggesting that similar treatment approaches may be effective for both groups.Scientific SignificanceOur findings highlight comparable vulnerability of veterans to non‐veterans in both the risk of OUD and adverse effects on HRQOL. (Am J Addict 2018;XX:1–9)
Needs of people with dementia and their spousal carers: A study of those living in the community
Authors: Morrisby Claire , Joosten Annette , Ciccarelli Marina 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo identify care and support needs, as reported by people with dementia and their spousal carers living in the community in metropolitan Western Australia.MethodsAn interpretive description approach was utilised. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 10 dyads of spousal carers and people with dementia. Comparative analysis was used to develop themes regarding need, which were reviewed using two focus groups of spousal carers.ResultsThree major themes were developed through analysis of data from the interviews and were refined by the focus groups: (a) environmental enablers to support care; (b) strong caring relationships; and (c) adaptation of daily life roles.ConclusionsAs dementia progresses, continued support to maintain participation in meaningful activity is needed. Strong caring relationships, knowledge and an understanding of dementia among health professionals, service providers and family members were key to maintaining support for the needs of people with dementia and their spousal carers.
Incidence of adverse events, preventability and mortality in gynaecological hospital admissions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tanaka Keisuke , Eriksson Lars , Asher Rebecca , Obermair Andreas 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAdverse events (AEs) are unintended consequences of healthcare management that result in temporary or permanent disability, death or prolonged hospital stay. The incidence of AEs has been reported to be higher in surgical specialties compared to medical specialties but information on the incidence of AEs in gynaecology is sparse.AimsTo collect evidence on the incidence, preventability and mortality of AEs in gynaecological hospital admissions by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis.Materials and methodsA systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and CINAHL electronic medical databases was performed. Identified articles were screened and a full‐text review was conducted by two independent reviewers.ResultsOf the 49 studies assessed for eligibility, three studies were included in this systematic review. Meta‐analysis showed that the incidence of AEs in gynaecological hospital admissions was 10.8% (95% CI 9.4–12.1%), preventability was 52.5% (95% CI 47.3–57.7%) and mortality was 1.2% (95% CI 0–2.5%).ConclusionsEvidence on AEs in gynaecological hospital admissions is limited. Available evidence suggests that approximately one in ten gynaecological inpatients suffer at least one AE and half of AEs are considered preventable. Further research is needed to determine strategies regarding how the incidence of preventable AEs can be reduced.
The puzzling incidence of testicular cancer in New Zealand: what can we learn?
Authors: Gurney J. K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundTesticular germ cell tumour is the most common cancer to be diagnosed among young men. In New Zealand, we have observed some puzzling trends in the epidemiology of this disease.MethodsWe have conducted a narrative review of available evidence regarding the puzzling epidemiology of testicular germ cell tumour in New Zealand and discussed the possible drivers of these trends.Results and discussionWhereas testicular cancer is most commonly a disease of White men, in New Zealand it is the indigenous Māori population that suffer by far the greatest rate of disease (age‐adjusted relative risk: 1.80, 95% CI 1.58–2.05). Even more curiously, the rate of testicular germ cell tumour among Māori men aged 15–44 (28/100,000) is substantially greater than for Pacific Island men (9/100,000), a rare example of divergence between these two populations in terms of the incidence of any disease (cancer or otherwise).Our observations beg the following questions: first, why are rates of testicular germ cell tumour so much higher among Māori New Zealanders compared to the already high rates observed among European/Other New Zealanders? Second, why are rates of testicular germ cell tumour so completely divergent between Māori and Pacific New Zealanders, when these two groups typically move in parallel with respect to the incidence of given diseases? Finally, what might we learn about the factors that cause testicular germ cell tumour in general by answering these questions?ConclusionThis review examines the possible drivers of our observed disparity, discusses their feasibility, and highlights new work that is underway to further understand these drivers.
The epididymal amyloid matrix: structure and putative functions
Authors: Cornwall G. A. , Do H. Q. , Hewetson A. , Muthusubramanian A. , Myers C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe previously demonstrated the normal mouse epididymal lumen contains a non‐pathological amyloid matrix that surrounds spermatozoa and plays important roles in sperm maturation and protection.ObjectiveThe objective herein was to present a review of this work, including studies showing the amyloid structures of four members of the CRES (cystatin‐related epididymal spermatogenic) subgroup are integral and essential components of the amyloid matrix.MethodsWe used conformation‐dependent reagents that recognize the cross‐β‐sheet structure characteristic of amyloid, including thioflavin S (ThS), thioflavin T (ThT), anti‐amyloid antibodies, and X‐ray diffraction, as well as negative‐stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize amyloid structures in the epididymal lumen. Antibodies that specifically detect each CRES subgroup family member were also used in indirect immunofluorescence analysis.Results and DiscussionThe epididymal lumen contains an amyloid matrix that surrounds maturing spermatozoa and represents a functional amyloid. Alterations in the structure of the amyloid matrix by the loss of the CRES subgroup members or the overexpression of cystatin C result in epididymal pathologies, including infertility. Preliminary data suggest the epididymal amyloid matrix is structurally and functionally similar to bacterial biofilms.ConclusionTogether, these results suggest the amyloid matrix serves important roles in epididymal function including sperm maturation and protection.
Letter: different risks of venous thromboembolism in subsets of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Ding Ru , Xu Jianjiang , He Zhiqing , Chen Yihong , Hultgårdh‐Nilsson Anna , Liang Chun 
Published: January 2019

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Chu et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15010 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15103.
Comprehensive evaluation of growth performance and meat characteristics of a fattening system combining grazing with feeding rice whole‐crop silage in Japanese Black steers
Authors: Shibata Masahiro , Hikino Yasuko , Imanari Mai , Matsumoto Kazunori 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe investigated the effect of a system for fattening steers combining grazing with feeding rice whole‐crop silage (rWCS) on growth performance, meat characteristics, and the expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle growth. Steers were randomly assigned to grazing or concentrate‐fed groups (CT). The grazing group (GZ) was fed rWCS after grazing until 16 months of age. The final body weight was the same in the two groups, but the dressed weight was lower in the GZ than in the CT. The beef color standard was higher in the GZ than in the CT. Although beef marbling did not differ between the two groups, there was less intramuscular fat and subcutaneous fat in the GZ than in the CT. The α‐tocopherol and β‐carotene contents in the muscle were higher in the GZ than in the CT. The GZ showed a lower daily gain (DG) during the grazing period, which may have resulted from decelerating skeletal muscle growth caused by the increased expression of genes encoding myostatin and atrogin‐1. However, the DG and feed efficiency of the GZ increased after grazing. The two groups exhibited a similar level of beef productivity.