bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traffic flow features as metrics (TFFM): detection of application layer level DDOS attack scope of IOT traffic flows
Authors: Rambabu Kalathiripi , Venkatram N 
Published: March 2018

The phenomenal and continuous growth of diversified IOT (Internet of Things) dependent networks has open for security and connectivity challenges. This is due to the nature of IOT devices, loosely coupled behavior of internetworking, and heterogenic structure of the networks. These factors are highly vulnerable to traffic flow based DDOS (distributed-denial of services) attacks. The botnets such as “mirae” noticed in recent past exploits the IoT devises and tune them to flood the traffic flow such that the target network exhaust to response to benevolent requests. Hence the contribution of this manuscript proposed a novel learning-based model that learns from the traffic flow features defined to distinguish the DDOS attack prone traffic flows and benevolent traffic flows. The performance analysis was done empirically by using the synthesized traffic flows that are high in volume and source of attacks. The values obtained for statistical metrics are evincing the significance and robustness of the proposed model
Imaging of colorectal cancer – the clue to individualized treatment
Authors: Tamandl Dietmar , Mang Thomas , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed 
Published: March 2018

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal neoplasm and the second most common cause for cancer-related death in Europe. Imaging plays an important role both in the primary diagnosis, treatment evaluation, follow-up, and, to some extent, also in prevention. Like in the clinical setting, colon and rectal cancer have to be distinguished as two quite separate entities with different goals of imaging and, consequently, also different technical requirements. Over the past decade, there have been improvements in both more robust imaging techniques and new data and guidelines that help to use the optimal imaging modality for each scenario. For colon cancer, the continued research on computed tomography (CT) colonography (CTC) has led to high-level evidence that puts this technique on eye height to optical colonoscopy in terms of detection of cancer and polyps ≥10 mm. However, also for smaller polyps and thus for screening purposes, CTC seems to be an optimal tool. In rectal cancer, the technical requirements to perform state-of-the art imaging have recently been defined. Evaluation of T-stage, mesorectal fascia infiltration and extramural vascular invasion are the most important prognostic factors that can be identified on MRI. With this information, risk stratification both for local and distal failure is possible, enabling the clinician to tailor the optimal therapeutic approach in non-metastatic rectal cancer. Imaging of metastatic CRC is also covered, although the complex ramifications of treatment options in the metastatic setting are beyond the scope of this article. In this review, the most important recent developments in the imaging of colon and rectal cancer will be highlighted. If used in an interdisciplinary setting, this can lead to an individualized treatment concept for each patient.
Influence of the Professional Environment on the Motivation and Behaviour of General Practitioners in Bulgaria
Authors: Ivanova Nevena , Kirov Lyubomir 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction. This article summarizes the findings of a study about the influence of the factors of external professional environment on the professional motivation and behaviour of Bulgarian general practitioners (GP).
Methods. A representative sample of a total of 4698 GPs in the country was involved in the survey. A special questionnaire was utilized, including 15 factors of external professional environment; these were subdivided into 4 groups on the basis of their nature: financial and economic; legal and regulatory, moral and ethical; and psychological. Their evaluation of the influence of these factors on the professional behaviour and of the factors’ weight was “taken” by means of a direct anonymous survey of 243 General Practitioners (5.2 % of the total number).
Results. The findings of the study indicate that the professional environment in which doctors work affects adversely their motivation and conduct. The majority of the factors examined have a predominantly negative effectwith the exception of the financial and economic ones.
Conclussion. GPs are of the opinion that most influential for their behaviour are the financial and economic factors (net profit; how much they get paid for their activities).
Bi- tri- and few-layer graphene growth by PLD technique using Ni as catalyst
Authors: Kalsoom Umber , Rafique M. Shahid , Shahzadi Shamaila , Fatima Khizra , ShaheeN Rabia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe objective of the present research work is to optimize the growth conditions of bi- tri- and few-layer graphene using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The graphene was grown on n-type silicon (1 0 0) at 530 °C. Raman spectroscopy of the grown films revealed that the growth of low defect tri-layer graphene depended upon Ni content and uniformity of the Ni film. The line profile analysis of the AFM micrographs of the films also confirmed the formation of bi- tri- and a few-layer graphene. The deposited uniform Ni film matrix and carbon/Ni thickness ratio are the controlling factors for the growth of bitri- or few- layer graphene using pulsed laser deposition technique.
Role of structural modifications of montmorillonite, electrical properties effect, physical behavior of nanocomposite proton conducting membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications
Authors: Abidin K. Sainul , Kannan R. , Palani P. Bahavan , Rajashabala S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProton exchange membranes have been synthesized from polyimide (PI) doped with different contents of montmorillonite (MMT) which was obtained by solution casting technique. The enhancement of conductivity was achieved through modification with the MMT. Prepared membranes were systematically characterized in terms of ion exchange capacity, water uptake, methanol uptake, swelling behavior and proton conductivity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements were used to confirm the structures of the PI/MMT composite electrolyte membranes. SEM surface morphological images of the composite membranes showed that the MMT nanoclay particles were dispersed uniformly within the membrane what was also reflected in XRD results which indicated a good compatibility of MMT particles with the polymer complex. The TGA spectra showed that the thermal stability of the membrane was reduced by adding MMT into the polymer network. The prepared membrane with 10 wt.% of modified MMT exhibited the highest proton conductivity value of 7.06 × 10-2S·cm-1at 70 °C. These results imply the potential application of the PI/MMT composite membranes as improved PEMs for DMFC applications.
Process Metaphysics of Consciousness
Authors: Prentner Robert 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this article, we look at the hard problem of consciousness from the perspective of process metaphysics. We thereby identify three problematic premises of the problem that pertain to the constitution of consciousness and its causal relation to the world. We argue for the necessity of re-thinking the corresponding phenomena in terms of internally-structured processes. The hard problem would then cease to be an insurmountable obstacle to a science of consciousness. Furthermore, this line of reasoning is shown to be continuous with philosophical projects from the early 20th century that preceded the contemporary philosophy of mind. Specifically, we investigate the relationship of parts and wholes, and translate metaphysical problems of consciousness into mereological language. Despite this being a philosophical project, we frequently note and discuss links to the empirical sciences, in particular those of quantum mechanics, systems theory and the embodied cognition framework.
Föderalismus im Wunderland: Zur Steuerautonomie bei der Grunderwerbsteuer
Authors: Buettner Thiess , Krause Manuela 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Autoren nehmen die Entwicklung der Steuersätze seit 2006 zum Anlass, die Berücksichtigung der Einnahmen aus der Grunderwerbsteuer im Finanzausgleich zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen einer Simulationsanalyse wird die Entwicklung von 2006 bis 2016 nachvollzogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass für viele Länder ein starker fiskalischer Anreiz besteht, den Steuersatz zu erhöhen, weil sie dadurch nicht nur höhere Steuereinnahmen sondern auch höhere Zuweisungen erhalten. Bei Ländern, die dennoch auf eine Erhöhung des Grunderwerbsteuersatzes verzichtet haben, zeigt sich verschiedentlich eine paradoxe Situation in dem Sinne, dass mit jedem zusätzlichen Euro an Grunderwerbsteuer ein Rückgang an Transfers einsetzt, der größer ist als der Zuwachs an Steuereinnahmen.
Recent advances in membrane reactors for hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol as a renewable resource
Authors: Taghizadeh Majid , Aghili Fatemeh 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
During the last decade, hydrogen has attracted lots of interest due to its potential as an energy carrier. Ethanol is one of the renewable resources that can be considered as a sustainable candidate for hydrogen generation. In this regard, producing hydrogen from ethanol steam reforming (ESR) would be an environmentally friendly process. Commonly, ESR is performed in packed bed reactors; however, this process needs several stages for hydrogen separation with desired purity. Recently, the concept of a membrane reactor, an attractive device integrating catalytic reactions and separation processes in a single unit, has allowed obtaining a smaller reactor volume, higher conversion degrees, and higher hydrogen yield in comparison to conventional reactors. This paper deals with recent advances in ESR in terms of catalyst utilization and the fundamental of membranes. The main part of this paper discusses the performance of different membrane reactor configurations, mainly packed bed membrane reactors, fluidized bed membrane reactors, and micro-membrane reactors. In addition, a short overview is given about the impact of ESR via different catalysts such as noble metal, non-noble metal, and bi-metallic catalysts.
Cartels as Defensive Devices: Evidence from Decisions of the European Commission 2001–2010
Authors: Herold Daniel , Paha Johannes 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Why would an industry that was not colluding yesterday start colluding today? This article distills insights about cartel formation from 41 cases prosecuted by the European Commission between 2001 and 2010. The case studies examine the events occurring prior to the cartels’ set-up. Cartel formation is affected by changes in prices, demand and customer conduct, capacity utilization, increased imports and entry by competitors, as well as events in the legal and regulatory environment of the firms. Yet, none of these factors serves as a good marker of cartel formation when being regarded in isolation. It rather needs to be analyzed how changes in these factors interact and whether they raise the intensity of competition. In this context, factors that are commonly deemed to destabilize cartels, like entry of new competitors or buyer power, are found to actually foster cartel formation.
Study of Hygrothermal Processes in External Walls with Internal Insulation
Authors: Biseniece Edite , Freimanis Ritvars , Purvins Reinis , Gravelsins Armands , Pumpurs Aivars , Blumberga Andra 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Being an important contributor to the final energy consumption, historic buildings built before 1945 have high specific heating energy consumption compared to current energy standards and norms. However, they often cannot be insulated from the outside due to their heritage and culture value. Internal insulation is an alternative. However internal insulation faces challenges related to hygrothermal behaviour leading to mold growth, freezing, deterioration and other risks. The goal of this research is to link hygrothermal simulation results with experimental results for internally insulated historic brick masonry to assess correlation between simulated and measured data as well as the most influential parameters. The study is carried out by both a mathematical simulation tool and laboratory tests of historic masonry with internal insulation with four insulation materials (mineral wool, EPS, wood fiber and granulated aerogel) in a cold climate (average 4000 heating degree days). We found disparity between measured and simulated hygrothermal performance of studied constructions due to differences in material parameters and initial conditions of materials. The latter plays a more important role than material parameters. Under a steady state of conditions, the condensate tolerating system varies between 72.7 % and 80.5 % relative humidity, but in condensate limiting systems relative humidity variates between 73.3 % and 82.3 %. The temperature between the masonry wall and all insulation materials has stabilized on average at +10 °C. Mold corresponding to Mold index 3 was discovered on wood fiber mat.
Application and Misapplication of the Czechoslovak STP Cipher During WWII
Authors: Porubský Stefan 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Lieutenant colonel Karol Cigáň (1921-2005), head of the cryptographic unit of the Czechoslovak Ministry of National Defence in the period 1949-1958 was after discharging from this position in Prague relocated to an insignificant and substandard command position at a district military administration in Slovakia. His cryptographic experience was of no use in his new position. To profit from his previous experience as a high qualified cryptographer he started to study the accessible literature and archive materials about the usage of the Czechoslovak cipher systems during the WWII. The result of this his activity were some manuscripts where he deciphered and analyzed some Czechoslovak military wireless telegrams. His critical analysis and his conclusions did not meet an understanding or a positive response of historians and were nor accepted for publication. He had no other chance as to send them to archives. Unfortunately only one (in two copies) and a collection of small notes survived. The aim of this paper is to make decisive technical parts of manuscript [K. Cigáň: Impacts of the decryption of the cipher system of the Czechoslovak Ministry of Defence in London from the years 1940-1945 on the resistance movement. Archive of the Slovak National Uprising, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, Document collection (Fond) V, manuscript no. S36/90, 46 pp.] about the usage of the socalled STP cipher accessible. Thereby we complement the paper [Š. Porubský: STP cipher of the Czechoslovak in-exile Ministry of Defence in London during WWII, in: Proc. of EuroHCC’17, 3rd European Historical Ciphers Colloq., Smolenice Castle, Slovakia, 2017 (J. von zur Gathen et al., eds.), Slovak Univ. of Technology in Bratislava, 2017, pp. 47-66] where the part of this manuscript containing Cigáň’s method for solving STP cipher which he calls “mathematical” is published. To put Cigáň’s analysis and comment into their historical framework we briefly outline the history of Czechoslovak military intelligence activities with emphasis on their cryptological component.
Connecting the Complexity of MQ- and Code-Based Cryptosystems
Authors: Zajac Pavol 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We study the connection between the MQ problem and the de­coding problem, through the intermediate MRHS representation. The main goal of this study is to explicitly bound the complexity of solving MQ systems with decoding tools. The main observation is that although the MQ problem over GF(2) can be efficiently transformed to syndrome decoding, the existing general decoding methods are not suitable to solve the system as efficiently as expected from the MQ representation.
Evolutionary Computation in Cryptanalysis of Classical Ciphers
Authors: Antal Eugen , Eliáš Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEvolutionary computation has represented a very popular way of problem solving in the recent years. This approach is also capable of effectively solving historical cipher in a fully automated way. This paper deals with empirical cryptanalysis of a monoalphabetic substitution using a genetic algorithm (GA) and a parallel genetic algorithm (PGA). The key ingredient of our contribution is the parameter analysis of GA and PGA. We focus on how these parameters affect the success rate of solving the monoalphabetic substitution.
Design e sociedade: o social elitizado
Authors: Fernandes Ivana Farias 
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir o papel social do designer gráfico buscando compreender o modo como impacta na sociedade atual assim como os motivos pelos quais a profissão torna-se por vezes seletiva e/ou elitizada, propondo uma reflexão bem como a mudança no modo como os profissionais atuam. Utilizando como base a revisão bibliográfica e subidivindo-a em duas partes, sendo a primeira de análise e a segunda de reflexão, foram trazidos autores que tratam do papel social do designer, dentre eles Joaquim Redig e Helen Armstrong, por exemplo. A grande contribuição para os profissionais é entender que, de fato, a profissão modifica e constroi a sociedade, de modo a interferir diretamente na vida daqueles que com ela tem contato. Trazer à tona temas como a elitização dos produtos propõe reflexões e grandes explanações sobre o tema, de modo a convidar os designers a uma mudança de atitude.
Pelotas Is a Dead Museum: a fotografia e o design como ferramentas de exposição do abandono na cidade de Pelotas.
Authors: Cevantes Carolina Tanabe , Matheus Pedro , Uliano Marcelle De Lemos 
Published: March 2018

Pelotas Is a Dead Museum consiste numa campanha fotográfica que objetiva expor o abandono de patrimônios históricos e culturais na cidade de Pelotas. Durante o desenvolvimento, utilizamos como base para leitura e interpretação de imagens um método proposto pela autora Martine Joly (2012). Os resultados alcançados foram um total de 13 peças gráficas com imagens obtidas durante o projeto, das quais uma delas é apresentada neste texto.
O diálogo do RPG digital com a literatura fantástica e o maravilhoso
Authors: Silveira Gabriela Rodrigues 
Published: March 2018

O presente trabalho é um fragmento de uma pesquisa maior cujo objetivo é estudar a relação entre literatura fantástica, maravilhosa e jogos de RPG a fim de desenvolver concept arts para um mundo de RPG online hipotético. Neste trecho são discutidas as nuances entre os dois gêneros literários – com base na pesquisa de Todorov – e como empregar seus conceitos na narrativa de um jogo de RPG. Por fim foram determinadas algumas estratégias a serem tomadas no desenvolvimento dessas concept arts a fim de conquistar a afeição do público-alvo por meio da identificação.
Echocardiographic approach to catheter closure of atrial septal defects: patient selection, procedural guidance and post-procedural checks
Authors: Savis Alexandra , Simpson John 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice to diagnose different types of atrial septal defect and to determine which defects are suitable for catheter occlusion. In addition to assessment of defect size and rims, transoesophageal echocardiography may be used to guide the procedure itself including device placement, procedural complications and post-procedural checks. This review covers a practical approach to this subject and is accompanied by online videos illustrating the technique.
Distinguishing Among Evolutionary Forces Acting on Genome-Wide Base Composition: Computer Simulation Analysis of Approximate Methods for Inferring Site Frequency Spectra of Derived Mutations
Authors: Matsumoto Tomotaka , Akashi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInferred ancestral nucleotide states are increasingly employed in analyses of within- and between -species genome variation. Although numerous studies have focused on ancestral inference among distantly related lineages, approaches to infer ancestral states in polymorphism data have received less attention. Recently developed approaches that employ complex transition matrices allow us to infer ancestral nucleotide sequence in various evolutionary scenarios of base composition. However, the requirement of a single gene tree to calculate a likelihood is an important limitation for conducting ancestral inference using within-species variation in recombining genomes. To resolve this problem, and to extend the applicability of ancestral inference in studies of base composition evolution, we first evaluate three previously proposed methods to infer ancestral nucleotide sequences among within- and between-species sequence variation data. The methods employ a single allele, bifurcating tree, or a star tree for within-species variation data. Using simulated nucleotide sequences, we employ ancestral inference to infer fixations and polymorphisms. We find that all three methods show biased inference. We modify the bifurcating tree method to include weights to adjust for an expected site frequency spectrum, “bifurcating tree with weighting” (BTW). Our simulation analysis show that the BTW method can substantially improve the reliability and robustness of ancestral inference in a range of scenarios that include non-neutral and/or non-stationary base composition evolution.
Litewskie źródła białoruskich wyrazów atósa i atós
Authors: Smoczyński Wojciech 
Published: March 2018

[full article, abstract in Polish; abstract in Lithuanian and English]
The Belarusian words atósa and atós (‘iron rod or rope connecting the axle of the front wheels with the shaft’) are not due to the reshaping of the Lithuanian loanword atãsėja id., as has been hitherto assumed. These words were borrowed from the East Lithuanian dialect, where the forms atasà and atãsas have been recently uncovered and the phonetic correspondence to the Belarusian imports of whose is exact. The difference between atãsėja and atasà/atãsas is due to an East Lithuanian innovation: atãsėja was metanalyzed as atas-ėja and was then subject to backformation, which produced two variant dialectal reflexes: atas- + -a and atas- + -as.
Счастливые и несчастливые дни из хамаила Адама Радецкого (1888 г.)
Authors: Мишкинене Галина 
Published: March 2018

[full article, abstract in Russian; abstract in Lithuanian and English]
This article investigates the text from Adam Radecki Chamail (1888) on happy and unhappy days. The manuscripts of Lithuanian Tatars according to their content are divided into Qur’ans, tafsirs(which contain the text of the Qur’an with an interlinear Polish translation), kitabs (books), chamails(prayer books; there are plenty of folk art, advices on various daily life issues as well as spells in chamails), and tajwids (Qur’an reading rules). The texts about happy and unhappy days are being found only in chamails. The Chamail of Adam Radecki is named after the scribe and is being stored at the Manuscript and Rare Prints Department of the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan. The national library acquired this manuscript from the resident of Kazan Firdau Kushajeva in 2015. Firdau Kushajeva received the chamail form her uncle. The chamail was rewritten in Belarus (Svislach) and is a part of the Lithuanian Tatar manuscripts’ heritage. It was described for the first time in 2016 by Galina Miškinienė in the journal Безнеӊ мирас.The text, which is being analyzed in the catalogues of Lithuanian Tatars manuscripts, could be assigned to the so-called texts of astrological, calendary and spell-bearing nature. It could be relatively named as Favorable and Unfavorable Days. This text has never been an object of a detailed investigation except for a couple of articles dedicated to one manuscript, namely to the chamail of Aleksandr Aleksandrovich (late 19th century) from the collection of Warsaw. This article presents a detailed description of the text about happy and unhappy days. The researcher uses all so far known and available texts of the same content for the analysis of this text.