bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A-52 An Exploratory Factor Analysis Investigation of the Role of Verbal Mediation in the Interaction between Intelligence and Visual Memory Tasks
Authors: Rivera J , Moses J , Davis M , Guerra A , Hakinson K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Examine whether verbal mediation may play a role in the interaction between visual memory tasks and the four-factor model of intelligence as operationalized by standard neuropsychological assessment instruments.

Method
The assessment records of 101 American Veterans with diverse neuropsychiatric conditions were examined using Exploratory Factor and Principal Component Analyses (EFA and PCA respectively). There were no exclusion criteria. All participants completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, third edition (WAIS-III), Benton’s Visual Retention Test (BVRT), and Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE). Individual assessment instruments were factored using PCA. The factor solution of the BVRT was co-factored with the scales of the WAIS-III, then the resulting factor scales were again factored with the verbal components of the MAE to identify common sources of variance.

Results
A three-step analysis revealed a four-factor model explaining 69.44% of the shared variance: 1) Items 1-4 of the BVRT (BVRT-E) loaded with Verbal Comprehension and Visual Naming. 2) BVRT-E also loaded with Processing Speed and Controlled Word Association. 3) Items 5-10 of the BVRT (BVRT-L) loaded with Perceptual Organization and the Token Test. 4) Working Memory loaded with Sentence Repetition on a fourth factor.

Conclusions
The results indicate a strong relationship between assessed performance on visual memory tasks and performance on measures based on the four-factor model of intelligence. The results also appear to support the idea that verbal mediation plays a role in the interaction between visual memory and intelligence, particularly when comparing performance on simple versus more complex visual memory tasks.
A-55 Memory Complaint Inventory Cutoff Scores: Differentiating Genuine Clinical Presentation from Insufficient Effort
Authors: Huber B , Jones R , Capps S , Buchanan E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The Memory Complaints Inventory (MCI) is a self-report questionnaire developed as a symptom validity test to assess exaggerated memory complaints and to compliment performance validity tests in neuropsychological settings.

Objective
The current study utilized archival MCI scores in clinical (Alzheimer’s Disease, Vascular Dementia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Pseudodementia) and insufficient effort populations to determine clinical cutoff scores for utilization of the MCI in neuropsychological settings.

Method
Data were gathered from the archives of an outpatient neuropsychology clinic based on diagnosis, resulting in a total of 244 participants for inclusion. Participants were subsequently separated into clinical (n = 195) or insufficient effort (n = 49) groups based on diagnosis. Data were analyzed using Receiving Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, consisting of area under the curve (AUC), specificity, sensitivity, diagnostic odds ratios (DOR), and Youden’s indices.

Results
Data suggested a cutoff of 10.35 (42% endorsement) for the Overall score of the MCI to differentiate clinical populations from insufficient effort with acceptable sensitivity (55%) and specificity (90%). Further, cutoff values for each scale of the MCI were calculated, including the Plausible and Implausible imbedded validity scales.

Conclusions
The findings provided further evidence for the use of the MCI as a symptom validity measure. The identified cutoff scores can differentiate between insufficient effort and clinical populations with acceptable specificity and sensitivity to aid clinician accuracy in detecting insufficient effort and non-credible symptom endorsement.
A-58 Rare Case of Klinefelter Syndrome with 13/14 Balanced Translocation and Absence Epilepsy: Impact of Combined Genotypes on Cognitive Neuropsychological Phenotype
Authors: Shagalow S , Facchini R , Masur D , Weiss E , Schneider S , Jacobs S , Yozawitz E , McGinley J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) and Robertsonian translocation of 13/14 [rob t(13;14)] are the most common sex-chromosome disorder and chromosome rearrangement, respectively (Engels et al., 2008; Skakkebæk, Wallentin, & Gravholt, 2015). Both are associated with increased risk of cognitive/intellectual disability (ID). A case of KS and de novo (i.e., unbalanced) rob t(13;14) was previously reported (Gül & Şayli, 1994). A case of KS with balanced rob t(13;14) and well-controlled generalized absence epilepsy will be presented with consideration for pediatric neuropsychological practice.

Method
Neuropsychological evaluation of a 12-year-old, right-handed boy diagnosed with comorbid KS, rob t(13;14), and generalized absence epilepsy. Particular attention was given to language given his KS diagnosis. The patient is in a 12:1:1 self-contained classroom with speech-language therapy and social skills groups in place. The patient’s mother is confirmed to have rob t(13;14), whereas paternal contribution is unknown.

Results
Adolescent with a history of language difficulties, especially comprehension. Recent school-based WISC-V FSIQ was in the extremely low range (SS = 53), with weaker verbal comprehension and working memory. Academic achievement was globally very low. Expressive and receptive language, visual perception and motor coordination were extremely low to low average. Verbal list learning and visual attention were near average to average.

Conclusions
This case contributes to the very limited body of pediatric neuropsychological data on the combined genotype of KS with rob t(13;14) and absence epilepsy. Both the KS and rob t(13;14) cognitive phenotypes have been characterized as highly variable, with the comorbidity a likely increased risk for ID.
A-59 Sensitivity and Specificity of Neuropsychological Performance on Successful Return to Driving One Year Post Assessment
Authors: Mullen C , Novack T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
A significant concern for patients as well as practitioners is patient safety for return to driving (RTD) after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Numerous studies have examined neuropsychological test performance and decision making of patients to RTD. However, there is limited information pertaining to longitudinal outcomes on such performance.

Method
This was a retrospective study of TBI patients (n = 36) seen at UAB Spain Rehabilitation Center who completed neuropsychological testing. Measures that have previously demonstrated relationships with RTD were examined: Trail Making Test-Part B (TMT-B), Useful Field of Vision (UFOV), California Verbal Learning Test (Test), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Performance on the Cog-Log was also examined. Patients were followed across time as part of the Traumatic Brain Injury Model System study. Safe RTD one year post neuropsychological evaluation was measured by patient report. Accuracy of determining safety of RTD based on neuropsychological performance and respective cut scores was determined with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results
The Cog-Log Total Score and TMT-B demonstrated statistically significance in predicting safe RTD (AUC = .803, SE = .100, p = .023; AUC = .788, SE = .109, p = .030). Cut points of sensitivity and specificity for each measure will be presented. Positive predictive value (PPV) of the Cog-Log was 70.59% for scores less than 25 out of 30, indicative of impairment. PPV of various completion times of the TMT-B will be presented.

Conclusion
Preliminary results can help inform practitioners of essential measures to include in cognitive testing in consideration of long-term safety of RTD.
A-64 The Relationship between Big-5 Personality Factors and Cognitive Health
Authors: Beach J , Ricketts H , McCaskey V , Taylor S , Harrell M , Aita S , Calamia M , Hill B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between factors of personality and cognitive health.

Methods
Two hundred and two participants (M age = 19.51, SD = 3.33; M education = 12.40, SD = .75; 72.3% Female, 55.3% White, 36.0% African American, 4.6% Asian, 4.1% Other) completed the cognitive health questionnaire (CHQ) and a 120-item International Personality Item Pool Representation of the NEO-PI-R (IPIP-NEO) as a part of a larger battery in an institutional setting. A CHQ total score was calculated based on items of four positive factors of cognitive health including social/intellectual activities, nutrition, exercise, and eating habits.

Results
A multiple linear regression using backwards elimination was calculated to predict scores on the Cognitive Health Questionnaire utilizing the five personality factors of the IPIP-NEO. The overall five-factor regression model yielded a significant regression equation (F(5,196) = 7.76, p < .001), with an R2 of .165. The final three-factor regression model consisting of extraversion, openness, and consciousness yielded significant results (F(3,198) = 12.70, p < .001), with an R2 of .161.

Conclusions
This exploratory study investigated the relationship between factors of personality and cognitive health. Although a multiple regression model involving all five factors of personality were significantly predictive of cognitive health, the results of this study indicate that greater variance of cognitive health is predicted by extraversion, openness and conscientiousness than neuroticism and agreeableness. Further research should investigate each factor of cognitive health and how these components are predicted by features of personality.
A-65 Verbal Abilities May Influence Performance in Assessment of Verbal Short-Term Memory Tasks
Authors: Guerra A , Moses J , Rivera J , Davis M , Hakinson K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Examine whether verbal abilities may help explain the learning strategies people employ when completing a short-term verbal memory task.

Methods
The assessment records of 296 American Veterans with diverse neuropsychiatric conditions were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analyses. There were no exclusion criteria. All participants completed the Benton Serial Digit Learning Test – 9 Digits (SDL-9) and Visual Naming (VisNam), Sentence Repetition (SenRep), Controlled Word Association (COWA), and Token Tests of the Multilingual Aphasia Examination (MAE). Individual assessment instruments were factored using Principal Component Analyses (PCA). A three-factor solution of the SDL-9 was co-factored with the verbal components of the MAE to identify common sources of variance.

Results
A three-factor solution of the SDL-9 separated trials into three overlapping factors consisting of early (SDL-9_Early), middle (SDL-9_Middle), and late (SDL-9_Late) trials. Co-factoring the three new scales with the verbal components of the MAE produced a four-factor model explaining 67.85% of the shared variance: 1) SenRep loaded with SDL-9_Early, 2) COWAT loaded with SDL-9_Middle and SDL-9_Late, 3) Token loaded with SDL-9_Late, and 4) Vis Nam loaded with SDL-9_Late.

Conclusions
The results suggest that individuals may engage verbal abilities differently as they progress from simpler to more difficult verbal short-term memory tasks. It appears performance in early trials is mostly associated with rote repetition and performance on middle trials is mostly associated with verbal fluency, while performance on the late trials is associated with a combination of verbal fluency, auditory comprehension, and conceptual organization/naming. This may therefore indicate a shift in learning strategy to meet increased cognitive demands.
A-67 Where the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) Goes, the Hopkins Adult Reading Test (HART) may (not) Follow
Authors: Strang J , Mitchell A , Tang D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To determine if significant differences exist in estimates of premorbid intellectual functioning between the Test of Premorbid Functioning (TOPF) and Hopkins Adult Reading Test (HART) in a diverse sample of U.S. Veterans.

Method
Retrospective analysis of data obtained for routine clinical purposes. 102 Veterans (16% female), predominantly self-identified as African American (53.9%), with an average age of 61.79 years (SD = 13.29, range = 21-90 years) and an average education level of 14.45 years (SD = 2.73, range = 9-20 years); 48% received a neurocognitive diagnosis and 72.5% a psychiatric diagnosis. TOPF and HART standard scores and demographically predicted IQ scores were compared in terms of their linear relationship, absolute agreement, absolute magnitude of change, and discrepancy scores, including the degree to which discrepancy was affected by specific demographic factors.

Results
Despite strong Pearson correlations, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) showed poor strength of agreement. Root-mean-squared differences (RMSD) was 10.284 (SD = 5.903) between standard scores and 9.948 (SD = 8.183) between predicted IQ scores. Discrepancy scores indicated 41.2% (46.1% for predicted IQ) performed equally well, with 58.8% (53.9%) performing significantly better on one measure than the other. Demographic comparisons for predicted IQ found those who performed better on the HART were older and those who performed better on the TOPF had more years of education.

Conclusions
The TOPF and HART have a strong linear relationship but insufficient agreement when differences in mean and standard deviation are taken into consideration. Estimates are inconsistent and not interchangeable, especially among older individuals and those with more education.
A-70 Beyond Validity: The Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering in Assessing Cognitive Functioning in Veterans
Authors: Clark J , Zaccari B , Tadrous-Furnanz S , Storzbach D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The objective of the present analyses was to replicate analyses from an interim sample which found that scores on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) predicted objective cognitive outcomes in the domains of attention and verbal learning even when invalid TOMM scores were excluded.

Methods
Participants consisted of 92 United States Veterans from Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) enrolled at the VA Portland Health Care System and recruited for a larger study on the role of blast exposure. Veterans were included if they had a valid performance on the TOMM (Trial 2 score > 47) were not currently substance dependent. Data was analyzed through linear regressions examining raw TOMM Trial 1 scores to predict objective cognitive performance on measures of memory and attention from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB).

Results
In performance on the tasks of Driving Scenes (Beta = .328, p < .01), Initial Story Learning (Beta = .209, p < .05), and Attention Index Percentile (Beta = .208, p < .05) of the NAB, TOMM Trial 1 was a significant predictor. TOMM scores were also predictive of years of education (Beta = .303, p < .01).

Conclusion
These findings replicate results derived from interim data. TOMM Trial 1 significantly predicted objective cognitive performance in OEF/OIF Veterans even when invalid performance was excluded. This suggests that TOMM has a utility in assessing cognitive functioning and not just valid performance. Similarly, results also suggest that the TOMM may be sensitive to education as well.
A-72 Cross Validation of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) Performance Validity Measure in Active Duty Service Members
Authors: Grills C , Armistead-Jehle P , Cooper D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) is the currently mandated Neurocognitive Assessment Tool (NCAT) for the Department of Defense for pre-deployment baseline testing and is the recommended tool for post-concussion evaluation and return to duty decision making. An ANAM performance validity measure has undergone initial validation (Roebuck-Spencer, Vincent, Gilliland, Johnson and Cooper, 2013). However, cross validation in other samples is warranted, particularly in order to establish cut-points for utilization in the evaluation of mTBI/concussion. The current study retrospectively examined the operating characteristics of the ANAM PVI relative to a more established performance validity test (PVT) in a sample of active duty Service Members referred for neurocognitive screening postconcussion in an Army brain injury clinic.

Method
Retrospective review of 172 US Service Members referred for neurocognitive screen for possible mild traumatic brain injury/concussion on average 3.8 years post injury (range = 8 days to 27 years) and administered the ANAM, Word Memory Test (WMT), and Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Screening Module (NAB-S).

Results
Utilizing the WMT as the criterion measure, ROC analysis was significant with AUC = 0.894 (p < 0.001). At 90.09% specificity (95% CI = 83.0% - 94.9%), the optimal cut-point was ANAM PVM ≥ 6, and resulted in 67.21% sensitivity (95% CI = 54.0% - 78.7%).

Conclusions
The standard ANAM PVI clinical report utilizes a cut-point of 14; however, the current data indicate a cut-point of ≥ 6 may be better suited for patients with mTBI/concussion.
A-74 Patients with Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Events Differentially Report Emotional Distress and Activities of Daily Living Completion When Controlling for Performance Validity
Authors: Grabyan J , Proto D , Tierney S , Collins R , Chen D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
While the use of validity testing in neuropsychological assessments to assist in differentiation between epileptic seizures (ES) and psychogenic non-epileptic events (PNEE) is becoming common, validity considerations regarding symptom self-reporting is seldom examined. This study seeks to add clarity by examining performance validity tests (PVT), and self-report measures of emotional symptoms and daily functioning, in a sample of those with either ES or PNEE.

Methods
Patients: Consecutive Veteran patients referred to an epilepsy monitoring unit for evaluation of intractable seizures, and subsequently diagnosed with ES (32) or PNEE (75). A fixed battery of psychological (Beck Depression Inventory-II, Patient Competency Rating Scale, Quality of Life in Epilepsy) and PVT (Test of Memory Malinger, Word Memory Test) measures were administered as part of a broader neuropsychological assessment. Patients were classified by both their diagnostic, and PVT pass/fail, statuses (PNEEpass, PNEEfail, & ESpass – ESfail was too small to analyze).

Results
PNEE reported more severe symptoms/impairments than ES (each p < .01) when ignoring PVT results. Importantly, when PVTs were considered, PNEEfail reported worse symptoms/impairments than PNEEpass (each p < .01), and PNEEpass and ESpass did not differ on emotional distress (p = .07).

Conclusions
Those with PNEE who fail PVTs report worse psychological distress and functional abilities than both those who pass and those with ES. This is likely due to symptom exaggeration. Validity testing should thus be considered a crucial component of assessment of these individuals: if invalid self-reporting is not accounted for, clinicians put themselves at risk for coming to faulty conclusions while more parsimonious explanations are available.
A-78 What You Said is NOT What You Did
Authors: McKinstry A , Salman A , Schieszler-Ockrassa C , Wisinger A , Korinek D , Jasinski N , Bylsma F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
To determine if individuals referred for Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) differential diagnosis, who do and do not fail performance validity tests (PVTs) present themselves differently on self-report measures of executive functioning (Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function; BRIEF) and ADHD (Conner’s Adult ADHD Rating Scales; CAARS).

Method
A convenience sample of 83 adults referred to an outpatient neuropsychology private practice for neuropsychological assessment for ADHD was collected. MANOVA was performed comparing individuals who passed PVTs (Word Memory Test or WAIS-IV Reliable Digit Span) to individuals who failed PVTs on the Behavioral Regulation Index and Metacognitive Index of the BREIF and Inattention/Memory Problems, Hyperactivity/Restlessness, Impulsivity/Emotional Lability, Problems with Self-Concept, DSM-IV Inattentive Symptoms, DSM-IV Hyperactive-Impulsive Symptoms of the CAARS.

Results
All statistical comparisons were non-significant at the p = < .05.

Conclusions
Individuals who fail PVTs are indistinguishable from individuals who pass PVTs on the BRIEF and the CAARS. This is consistent with past research suggesting that validity of self-report cannot be inferred from performance validity testing (Van Dyke, Millis, Axelrod, & Hanks, 2013; Bush, et al., 2005). Also, this data highlights the importance of self-report measures containing their own validated measures of symptom validity.
B-01 Cognitive Deficits Following Hemorrhagic Stroke in Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Schultz E , DeDios-Stern S , Ovsiew G , Pliskin N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), a relatively rare condition presenting as severe thunderclap headache with or without neurological deficits, is characterized by vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries which often resolves within three months and may be associated with stroke. Previous case reports examining neuropsychological profiles of RCVS patients demonstrated stroke-specific and/or diffuse global impairments that often exceed impairment expected post-acute phase of clinical stroke and possibly suggest residual deficits related to RCVS alone (Perdices & Herkes, 2018).

Method
The present case is a 36-year-old right-handed African-American male who sustained a left thalamic hemorrhage with extension into the ventricular system following marijuana use. Cerebral angiogram was suggestive of RCVS. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status- Update (RBANS), and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Teat- 4th edition (PPVT-4) were administered at bedside.

Results
Neuropsychological testing was abnormal with severe global impairments on tasks requiring attention and processing speed, visuospatial abilities, immediate and delayed memory, and executive functioning. The patient’s expressive speech was characterized by fluent output with pronounced provoked and unprovoked phonemic and semantic paraphasias. Additionally, he evidenced confabulatory responses during memory testing and lost mental set during tasks requiring simultaneous attention.

Conclusions
Considering the patients clear sensorium at the time of the evaluation, these deficits extend beyond what would be expected by a single thalamic lesion and implicate more generalized cerebral dysfunction secondary to his RCVS. Consistent with previous case studies, this case demonstrates how RCVS may confound and contribute to neurocognitive deficits even after hemorrhagic stroke.