bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How children's anxiety symptoms impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time: A cross-lagged panel approach using hierarchical linear modeling
Authors: Ma Denise , Serbin Lisa A. , Stack Dale M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence can have a long-term negative impact on mental and physical health. Although studies have shown dysregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis is associated with anxiety disorders, it is unclear how and in what direction children's experiences of anxiety symptoms, which include physiological and cognitive–emotional dimensions, impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time. We hypothesized that higher physiological symptoms would be contemporaneously associated with hypercortisolism, whereas cognitive–emotional symptoms would be more chronic, reflecting traitlike stability, and would predict hypocortisolism over time. One hundred twenty children from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Research Project were followed in successive data collection waves approximately 3 years apart from childhood through midadolescence. Between ages 10–12 and 13–15, children completed self-report questionnaires of anxiety symptoms and provided salivary cortisol samples at 2-hr intervals over 2 consecutive days. The results from hierarchical linear modeling showed that higher physiological symptoms were concurrently associated with hypercortisolism, involving cortisol levels that remained elevated over the day. In contrast, longitudinal results over the 3 years between data collection waves showed that chronic worry and social concerns predicted hypocortisolism, showing a low and blunted diurnal cortisol profile. These results have implications for broadening our understanding of the links between anxiety, the stress response system, and health across the course of development.
Habitat selection of an endangered European farmland bird, the Ortolan BuntingEmberiza hortulana, in two contrasting landscapes: implications for management
Authors: ŠÁLEK MARTIN , ZEMAN VÍT , VÁCLAV RADOVAN 
Published: April 2018

SummaryEffective conservation measures for any bird species across their distribution ranges require detailed knowledge of landscape-specific differences in habitat associations. The Ortolan BuntingEmberiza hortulanais a farmland bird species, which experienced massive population declines during the recent decades and has become a conservation priority in many European countries. Thus, identification of the key habitat features is an important prerequisite for the conservation of the species. Here we investigate habitat associations of the Ortolan Bunting for the remaining breeding population of the species in the Czech Republic. This population is remarkable by its distribution in two markedly different environments – farmland and post-mining landscapes. The main objectives of this study were to identify habitat features associated with Ortolan Bunting occurrence within the two contrasting landscapes and at two spatial scales. Our results reveal a high degree of habitat plasticity by Ortolan Buntings in the Czech Republic which was revealed by the landscape- and scale- specific habitat associations. Habitat heterogeneity, in terms of compositional and configurational diversity, and the cover of bare ground were the most important predictors of Ortolan Bunting occurrence in both landscape types. In farmland, the species occurrence was positively associated with shrub and woody vegetation, poppy fields and set-asides, and negatively associated with grasslands, gardens/orchards, seedlings and urban habitats. In the post-mining landscape, the cover of herb vegetation and greater slope steepness and terrain ruggedness were most important habitat features. Ortolan Buntings in the post-mining landscape appear to avoid patches with a higher cover of shrub and woody vegetation, forests, seedlings and urban areas. We propose that conservation measures for Ortolan Buntings should focus on enhancing farmland habitat heterogeneity, but also on regulating the rate of succession in disturbed environments, such as post-mining landscapes.
Behavioural consequences of human disturbance on subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes
Authors: FRENCH REBECCA K. , MULLER CHRIS G. , CHILVERS B. LOUISE , BATTLEY PHIL F. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryHuman disturbance can have behavioural, physiological and population-level consequences on wildlife. Unregulated tourism is having a negative effect on the endangered Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes on mainland New Zealand. Subantarctic Yellow-eyed Penguins are exposed to tourism on Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands group, 450 km south of New Zealand. Restrictions and guidelines for tourism are in place on Enderby Island, but there has been little study on the efficacy of these. We quantified behavioural responses of the Yellow-eyed Penguin on Enderby Island to human presence by documenting movement patterns and behaviour of penguins in the presence and absence of humans, through both controlled approaches and monitoring penguin behaviour in the presence of tourists. We used these data to model the effective approach distances for reducing disturbance. Human presence caused a significant drop in the probability of a successful transit to or from their nest, and significantly increased the time penguins spent alert and decreased the time spent preening. Modelling showed the distance from a human to a penguin is a significant predictor of the likelihood of a bird displaying disturbance behaviour, with the current minimum approach guideline of 5 m not sufficient for preventing disturbance. Our results indicate that the minimum approach guideline needs to be revised if the probability of disturbance is to be reduced. Modelling the appropriateness of minimum approach guidelines by predicting the probability of disturbance is a useful technique that could be applied to other species and systems. Worldwide, management guidelines need to be scientifically evaluated to ensure efficacy and cater for the more sensitive species affected.
Hebron between Jordan and Egypt: an uncertain transition resulting from the 1948 Palestine War
Authors: KATZ KIMBERLY 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe story of Hebron during the 1948 Palestine War remains largely untold, obscured by the larger historical forces of the PalestinianNakba(Catastrophe) and refugee crisis that resulted from Israel's declaration of independence. This article examines the history and historiography of Hebron from mid-May 1948 until the departure of Egyptian troops from the country on 30 April 1949, a period referred to as the ‘Dual Era’, an unusual configuration between Jordan and Egypt in which both countries temporarily ruled over the city. It analyses the Dual Era against an emerging Egyptian and Jordanian proto-pan-Arab nationalism as each country's locally based leaders vied for support for their rule from the Palestinian population in Hebron.
Ovarian cycle in Devario aequipinnatus with emphasis on oogenesis
Authors: de Jesus-Silva Laíza Maria , de Oliveira Pricila Viana , da Silva Ribeiro Cristiéle , Ninhaus-Silveira Alexandre , Veríssimo-Silveira Rosicleire 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThis study aimed to understand how germ cell development occurs in females of Devario aequipinnatus, by morphologically describing oogenesis and the reproductive phases. Sexually mature females of D. aequipinnatus (n = 70) were obtained from commercial fisheries and delivered to the Laboratório de Ictiologia Neotropical, UNESP, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil. The ovaries were removed, fragmented and fixed following the usual techniques for light microscopy. The stages of ovarian development in D. aequipinnatus begin with the oogonia, which proliferate into new cells or differentiate into prophasic oocytes that, at the end of this process, form the ovarian follicle and end folliculogenesis. In the previtellogenic stage, the oocytes were characterized mainly by the gradual loss of basophilia and an increase in oocyte diameter. Vitellogenesis was marked mainly by the incorporation of yolk granules. Mature oocytes were defined by their migration from the nucleus to the micropyle. Postovulatory follicles and atresic oocytes were also observed. The reproductive phases were classified as: immature, early and final developing, spawning capable, regressing and regenerating. Therefore, the development of an understanding of cell modifications that occurs up to oogenesis is a basic step that is essential for the description of the reproductive biology of D. aequipinnatus, given the lack of information about the reproductive aspects of this species.
Dietary intake in the early years and its relationship to BMI in a bi-ethnic group: the Born in Bradford 1000 study
Authors: Mahoney Samuel , Bryant Maria , Sahota Pinki , Barber Stuart 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess relationships between dietary intake at age 12, 18 and 36 months and BMIZ-scores at age 36 months in a bi-ethnic group.DesignA prospective cohort study comparing cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Exposures included dietary intake at 12, 18 and 36 months (FFQ) with an outcome of BMIZ-score at age 36 months.SettingBorn in Bradford 1000 study, Bradford, UK.SubjectsInfants at age 12 months (n722; 44 % White British, 56 % Pakistani), 18 months (n779; 44 % White British, 56 % Pakistani) and 36 months (n845; 45 % White British, 55 % Pakistani).ResultsDiet at age 12 months was not associated with BMIZ-score at age 36 months. Higher consumption of vegetables at 18 and 36 months was associated with a lower BMIZ-score at 36 months (model coefficient (95 % CI): −0·20 (−0·36, −0·03) and −0·16 (−0·31, −0·02), respectively). Higher consumption of high-fat chips at age 36 months was associated with a lower BMIZ-score at age 36 months (−0·16 (−0·32, 0·00)). Overall, White British children had higher 36-month BMIZ-scores than Pakistani children (adjusted mean difference (95 % CI): 0·21 (0·02, 0·41)).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that dietary intake at 18 and 36 months was somewhat related to BMIZ-score at age 36 months and suggest the importance of early interventions aimed at establishing healthy eating behaviours.
Feasibility and impact study of a reward-based mobile application to improve adolescents’ snacking habits
Authors: De Cock Nathalie , Van Lippevelde Wendy , Vangeel Jolien , Notebaert Melissa , Beullens Kathleen , Eggermont Steven , Deforche Benedicte , Maes Lea , Goossens Lien , Verbeken Sandra , Moens Ellen , Vervoort Leentje , Braet Caroline , Huybregts Lieven , Kolsteren Patrick , Van Camp John , Lachat Carl 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveAdolescents’ snacking habits are driven by both explicit reflective and implicit hedonic processes. Hedonic pathways and differences in sensitivity to food rewards in addition to reflective determinants should be considered. The present study evaluated the feasibility and impact of a mobile phone-delivered intervention, incorporating explicit reflective and implicit rewarding strategies, on adolescents’ snack intake.DesignAdolescents (n 988; mean age 14·9 (sd 0·70) years, 59·4 % boys) completed a non-randomized clustered controlled trial. Adolescents (n 416) in the intervention schools (n 3) were provided with the intervention application for four weeks, while adolescents (n 572) in the control schools (n 3) followed the regular curriculum. Outcomes were differences in healthy snacking ratio and key determinants (awareness, intention, attitude, self-efficacy, habits and knowledge). Process evaluation data were collected via questionnaires and through log data of the app.ResultsNo significant positive intervention effects on the healthy snack ratio (b=−3·52 (se 1·82), P>0·05) or targeted determinants were observed. Only 268 adolescents started using the app, of whom only fifty-five (20·5 %) still logged in after four weeks. Within the group of users, higher exposure to the app was not significantly associated with positive intervention effects. App satisfaction ratings were low in both high and low user groups. Moderation analyses revealed small positive intervention effects on the healthy snack ratio in high compared with low reward-sensitive boys (b=1·38 (se 0·59), P<0·05).ConclusionsThe intervention was not able to improve adolescents’ snack choices, due to low reach and exposure. Future interventions should consider multicomponent interventions, teacher engagement, exhaustive participatory app content development and tailoring.
Distinguishing the Signs of Fungal and Burial-Induced Degradation in Waterlogged Wood from Biskupin (Poland) by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Tamburini Diego , Cartwright Caroline R. , Cofta Grzegorz , Zborowska Magdalena , Mamoňová Miroslava 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and oak (Quercussp.) wood samples exposed to various types of natural degradation is presented with the aim of discussing the correct identification of multiple degradation signs in waterlogged wood. This is part of an experiment performed at the archeological site of Biskupin (Poland) to evaluate the dynamics of short-term wood degradation during reburial and the suitability of excavated wood as substrate for the fungal attack. The final aim is to support and inform thein situconservation strategy currently applied to archeological woods. To replicate the burial conditions, wood samples were put into lake water and peat. The samples were removed from the burial environments after 4, 6, 8, and 10 years, and then exposed to laboratory-controlled attack by a brown rot fungusConiophora puteanaand a white rot fungusCoriolus versicolor. SEM images were acquired for all samples before and after the fungal attack. The results showed a slight degradation occurred in the burial environments (soft rot and bacteria). In addition, both typical and previously neglected features of fungal attack were observed, highlighting that the extent of the fungal decay varies according to the previous degree of wood degradation. Some comparisons are provided with archeological wood samples from the Biskupin site.
Can stabilization and symmetry breakings give rise to life in the process of the universe evolution?
Authors: Kim Choong Sun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBiogenesis can be understood as the final process of the Universe's evolution, from Planck scale down to nuclear scale to atomic scale to molecular scale, then finally to bioscale, with the breaking of relevant symmetries at every step. By assuming the simplest definition of life, that life is just a molecular system which can reproduce itself (auto-reproducing molecular system – ARMS) and has such kinetic ability (kineto-molecular system), at least for its microscopic level, as to respond actively to its surrounding environments, we tried to explain the origin of life, taking the final step of the Universe evolution. We found a few clues for the origin of life, such as: (1) As the Universe expands and gets extremely cold, biogenesis can take place by ARMS, new level of stabilization may be achievable only at ‘locally cold places’ (LCPs), such as comets. (2) There must be the parity breaking in the bioscale stabilization process, which can be violated spontaneously, or dynamically by the van der Waals forces possible only at LCPs. (3) The rule of bioparity breaking is universal within the biohorizon. So we will find, e.g. only left-handed amino acids in all living beings dwelling within our Galaxy. (4) The idea of biogenesis through the bioscale stabilization in the evolution of the Universe looks very consistent with Panspermia hypothesis and supports it by providing a viable answer for life's origin at such LCPs.
An NDC approach to helping pensioners cope with the cost of long-term care
Authors: VIDAL-MELIA CARLOS , VENTURA-MARCO MANUEL , PLA-PORCEL JAVIER 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis paper explores a notional defined contribution (NDC) approach aimed at helping pensioners to cope with the cost of long-term care (LTC). It develops the necessary technicalities to fully integrate an LTC benefit, graded according to the annuitant's degree of disability, into a generic NDC retirement framework with a minimum pension benefit for both contingencies. It also discusses the policy implications of various issues that should be taken into account before any decision is made to put the model into practice. Finally, to enable policymakers to better understand how the proposal would function, the paper includes a realistic numerical example.
New plant type trait characterization and development of core set among indica and tropical japonica genotypes of rice
Authors: Jyothi B. , Divya B. , Subba Rao L. V. , Laxmi Bhavani P. , Revathi P. , Raghuveer Rao P. , Rachana B. , Padmavathi G. , Aravind Kumar J. , Gireesh C. , Anantha M. S. , Abdul Fiyaz R. , Suvarna Rani C. , Ranganatha A. R. G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to characterize new plant type (NPT) traits among 650 genetically diverse rice genotypes of tropical japonica and indica and to establish an initial core set for NPT traits. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits assessed except flag length and width and leaf angles. Dendrogram categorized the genotypes into five distinct duration groups. Genotypes viz., Pumphamah, IRGC5097, IRGC37015, IRGC43741, IRGC50448, IRGC53089, IRGC39111, IRGC18021, Haorei Machang, IRGC44069, IRGC8269, Thangmoi, IRGC33130 and IRGC29772 were identified as possessing strong culm. Long panicles with a length of more than 35 cm were found in IRGC8269, IRGC9147, IRGC14694, IRGC19642, IRGC27435, IRGC39111, IRGC31051, IRGC26011and IRGC25892. Ideal leaf angle of NPT genotypes of 5°, 10° and 20° of flag leaf, 1st and 2nd leaves was not found in any genotype but with a combination of 5°, 10° and 10° was observed in IRGC63102 and IRGC66644. NPT flag leaf length and width of 50 and 2 cm, respectively, was seen in ‘Kemenya Kepeu’ and ‘IRGC29772’. High grain number of more than 350 was observed in IRGC53089, IRGC31063 and Azhoghi. A total of 72 genotypes were found with a combination of one or more ideal plant type traits of which, hierarchical cluster analysis based on genetic distances selected 32 as NPT core set. This core set will serve as an ideal genetic resource for breeding programs aimed at NPT development.
“To Be Quite Honest, If It Wasn't for Videogames I Wouldn't Have a Social Life at All”: Motivations of Young Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder for Playing Videogames as Leisure
Authors: Finke Erinn H. , Hickerson Benjamin D. , Kremkow Jennifer M. D. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeLeisure activities are underutilized as a context for intervention in the field of speech-language pathology despite the fact that leisure can be an important context for skill development. The current study investigated the perceptions of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who play videogames as their primary leisure activity regarding the role of videogames in their lives and their motivations for playing videogames.MethodQualitative interview methodology was used to investigate the experiences of 10 18–24-year-olds with ASD. Information was collected about the role of videogames in the lives of adolescents and young adults with ASD and the perceived benefits of playing videogames.ResultsResults indicated the participants perceived playing videogames to have a positive impact on their lives and their development. The motivations for playing videogames described are similar to those reported by typically developing populations.ConclusionsVideogaming is a popular leisure pursuit for adolescents and young adults with and without ASD. Speech-language pathologists should consider how videogame play may be a useful context for teaching new communication, social, and language.
Solar activity over nine millennia: A consistent multi-proxy reconstruction
Authors: Wu C. J. , Usoskin I. G. , Krivova N. , Kovaltsov G. A. , Baroni M. , Bard E. , Solanki S. K. 
Published: April 2018

Aims.The solar activity in the past millennia can only be reconstructed from cosmogenic radionuclide proxy records in terrestrial archives. However, because of the diversity of the proxy archives, it is difficult to build a homogeneous reconstruction. All previous studies were based on individual, sometimes statistically averaged, proxy datasets. Here we aim to provide a new consistent multi-proxy reconstruction of the solar activity over the last 9000 yr, using all available long-span datasets of10Be and14C in terrestrial archives.Methods.A new method, based on a Bayesian approach, was applied for the first time to solar activity reconstruction. A Monte Carlo search (using theχ2statistic) for the most probable value of the modulation potential was performed to match data from different datasets for a given time. This provides a straightforward estimate of the related uncertainties. We used six10Be series of different lengths (from 500–10 000 yr) from Greenland and Antarctica, and the global14C production series. The10Be series were resampled to match wiggles related to the grand minima in the14C reference dataset. The stability of the long data series was tested.Results.The Greenland Ice-core Project (GRIP) and the Antarctic EDML (EPICA Dronning Maud Land)10Be series diverge from each other during the second half of the Holocene, while the14C series lies in between them. A likely reason for the discrepancy is the insufficiently precise beryllium transport and deposition model for Greenland, which leads to an undercorrection of the GRIP series for the geomagnetic shielding effect. A slow 6–7 millennia variability with lows at ca. 5500 BC and 1500 AD in the long-term evolution of solar activity is found. Two components of solar activity can be statistically distinguished: the main component, corresponding to the “normal” moderate level, and a component corresponding to grand minima. A possible existence of a component representing grand maxima is indicated, but it cannot be separated from the main component in a statistically significant manner.Conclusions.A new consistent reconstruction of solar activity over the last nine millennia is presented with the most probable values of decadal sunspot numbers and their realistic uncertainties. Independent components of solar activity corresponding to the main moderate activity and the grand-minimum state are identified; they may be related to different operation modes of the dynamo.