bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wisdom Tooth Formation as a Method of Estimating Age in a New Zealand Population
Authors: McGettigan Annabelle , Timmins Kimberley , Herbison Peter , Liversidge Helen , Kieser Jules 
Published: December 2018

Dental ageing relies on assumptions aboutthe progression of tooth development from the middletrimester to adulthood and relative stability of thisprocess in the face of adverse dietary, hormonal, diseaseor nutritional factors. Most studies of dental ageingemploy the method of Demirjian et al., (1973), which isbased upon an assessment of crown and root formationstages from dental radiographs. Unfortunately, thismethod has a ceiling effect at age 16, when the secondmolar attains full maturity. The aim of our study was toextend the window of ageing by using the developmentof the third molar teeth. Panoramic radiographs of 207(105 males) children aged between 7 years, 6 months and18 years formed the basis of this study. Upper and lowerleft wisdom teeth were scored according to Demirjian et al. (1973) by a single examiner. Intra-examiner reliabilitywas evaluated by repeat scoring of a randomly selected(10%) sample one week after the initial staging. Theseshowed a consistency of 76% for the mandibular data and95% for the maxillary data, giving an overall percentageof 85%. When the re-scored teeth were not consistentwith their original score, this differed only by one stage.In this population males were advanced in their thirdmolar development and this trend was more markedfor maxillary than mandibular wisdom teeth. Hence, theNew Zealand population examined, males were moreadvanced in their third molar development and thistrend was more marked for maxillary than mandibularteeth.
2012 Dahlberg Award Winner Dental morphological variation among six Pre-Hispanic South American populations with implications for the peopling of the New World
Authors: Ortiz Alejandra 
Published: December 2018

The analysis of the human dentition pro-vides important information on the origins and dispersals of the first American inhabitants. However, most of this work has focused on North America, whereas less research has been devoted to variation within Central and South America. This study examines the permanent dentitions of 340 individuals from six pre-Hispanic South American populations and places them in the broader context of the peopling of the New World. Non-metric dental data were collected using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). Intra- and inter-regional comparisons were assessed using the Mean Measure of Divergence statistical program. All samples are characterized by relatively high frequencies of UM1 enamel extension and LM1 deflecting wrinkle and low frequencies of UM1 cusp 5 and LM2 Y-groove pattern. Although preliminary, results indicate that populations from Chile, Venezuela and Peru-Northern Coast are dentally similar and follow the Sinodont dental pattern. The Peru-Southern Highlands sample is the most divergent of the South American groups examined, showing the closest affinities with Sundadonts. Finally, no clear pattern was found for Bolivia and Peru-Amazonian Andes, as most of their trait frequencies fall within the range of overlap between Sinodont and Sundadont populations.
Religion, Evolution, and the Basis of Institutions: The Institutional Cognition Model of Religion
Authors: Wood Connor , Shaver John H. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Few outstanding questions in the human behavioral sciences are timelier or more urgently debated than the evolutionary source of religious behaviors and beliefs. Byproduct theorists locate the origins of religion in evolved cognitive defaults and transmission biases. Others have argued that cultural evolutionary processes integrated non-adaptive cognitive byproducts into coherent networks of supernatural beliefs and ritual that encouraged in-group cooperativeness, while adaptationist models assert that the cognitive and behavioral foundations of religion have been selected for at more basic levels. Here, we survey these differing approaches, noting their respective strengths and weaknesses. We then advance a novel model that centers on the ability of language to generate alternative worlds independent of immediate empirical facts, and thus highlight the similarities between religious belief and the modes of cognition that underlie institutions in general. The institutional cognition model of religion accounts for some of the shortcomings of extant approaches and draws attention to the human ability to create non-empirical worlds; that is, worlds that are imaginary. Both religious beliefs and institutional facts—such as jurisdictional borders—are non-empirical assertions, yet they are socially accepted as truths and reified through ritual and behavior. One type of non-empirical, linguistically generated belief—supernatural agent belief—is particularly effective for stabilizing systems of arbitrary norms by rooting them in deontic rather than utilitarian reasoning. The evolutionary roots and continued persistence of religion are thus functions of the capacity for humans to generate cognitive alternatives to empirical reality, and the need to stably coordinate those alternative conceptions.
Aesthetics and Fetishism: Key Stimuli and Power Objects
Authors: Høgh-Olesen Henrik 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA fetish is a specific emotionally loaded object, body part, or situation that draws our attention and desire, and sexual fetishism is the sexual arousal that a person experiences when in contact with such a loaded object. Until now, psychology has had trouble understanding the distinctive lust objects and the orchestration of urges in the world of fetishism, so fetishism has therefore fallen into the category of perversions and abnormal behavior. In this study, fetishism is moved to the field of aesthetics, and a new theory is presented: Fetishism is the attraction to certain species-specific key stimuli that are perceived as especially beautiful and exciting. A topic or an object that contains important key stimuli automatically becomes apower object or a fetish.Therefore, we have to look into the innate sensibilities on which our aesthetics are based and into the micro-processes of the aesthetic impulse to understand why something captivates and fascinates us in a fetishist way.
Evocative Advocates and Stirring Statesmen: Law, Politics, and the Weaponization of Imagery
Authors: Patrick Carlton 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article shows how descriptive imagery can be used to hijack evolved psychological instincts and prejudice the judgment of others, particularly in the legal and political domains. By mimicking the cues that represented threats to our ancestors, those wishing to color the perception of others can subtly trigger the affective responses that evolved to help navigate ancestral threats. When this happens, logic may be unseated in favor of deep-seated instinctual responses, often to a problematic degree. In this way, lawyers, politicians, and activists, taking a page out of the playbook of novelists and other storytellers, can weaponize words, images, descriptions, and narratives to, often improperly, sway the opinions of others.
Implementation of Gamification in Heis in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Kiselicki Martin , Josimovski Saso 
Published: December 2018

The focus of the paper is gamification, which has been researched typically through its’ implementation in the business sector. Our research follows the implementation of gamification in Higher Educational Institutions, since the same concepts and benefits that function in the workplace, should function with similar effect or yield even better results with students. The topic of gamification in education is a relatively novel one, with only a few papers addressing it in detail, especially on the Balkan region. The contribution of the paper is two-sided, i.e., through primary and secondary research, recommendations for optimal ways of implementing gamified systems in higher education is given, and according to the obtained data, present statistics and implications for implementing gamification in HEIs in the Republic of Macedonia. The core elements and mechanics of gamification are researched and adjusted in the context of education, as well as improving existing implementations of gamification in HEIs through the introduction of cycles of interest (rewards for encouraging a certain type of behavior of students) and cycles of progression (a stepwise increase in the weight of the activities).
The results of the primary research demonstrate that the concept of gamification offers great potential advantages for students and teaching staff, primarily by increasing the level of intrinsic motivation and the degree of completion of subjects. The paper uncovers the gamification mechanics and elements that would work best for HEIs in Macedonia, as well as outline the biggest motivational problems students have when navigating through the educational process. Through the primary research conducted, the first public available information on the introduction of gamification in higher education in the Republic of Macedonia is made available.
Дискурсивное насилие как инструмент социологической легитимации идеологического порядка разделенного общества
Authors: Nekhaienko Oksana , Boyko Dmytro , Lytovchenko Artem 
Published: December 2018

В статье рассматриваются особенности социального порядка разделенных обществ. Ставится вопрос о роли социологического дискурса в легитимации социальной разделенности. Внимание акцентируется на необходимости саморефлексии социологического сообщества. Раскрываются особенности функционирования социологического дискурса в разделенном обществе как инструмента легитимации.
Для достижения поставленной цели – выявления степени идеологической ангажированности дискурса публичной социологии – анализируются материалы, которые были опубликованы на официальном сайте Украинского центра экономических и политических исследований им. А. Разумкова в течение 2018 г. Анализ основывается на заголовках публикуемых данных; также анализируемая информация выделяется тематически. Обозначаются маркеры дискурсивного насилия в материалах, публикуемых на официальном сайте исследовательского центра.
ANALISIS CUACA SELAMA KEGIATAN TMC REDISTRIBUSI CURAH HUJAN
Authors: Mulyana Erwin 
Published: December 2018

IntisariPada tanggal 26 Januari sampai dengan 27 Februari 2013 telah dilaksanakan penerapan teknologi modifikasi cuaca (TMC) untuk redistribusi curah hujan di wilayah Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Selama kegiatan tersebut fenomena ENSO dan IOD dalam kondisi normal. MJO menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktifitas konvektif di wilayah Indonesia pada pertengahan hingga akhir bulan Februari 2013. Temperatur permukaan laut di perairan sekitar Jawa bagian barat sekitar 29-300C. Kelembagan udara pada level 850 mb sekitar 75-80%. Pertumbuhan awan umumnya berada di sebelah barat laut hingga barat daya Jakarta.AbstractApplication of weather modification has carried out to redistribute of precpitiaion over Jakarta and the surrounding during 26 January to 27 February 2013. During this period, ENSO and IOD was normal condition. The MJO shows that the convection enhanched over Indonesia region on mid to late February 2013. The sea surface temperature over west part of Java waters was 29-300C. The 850 mb relative humidity on February 2013 was 75-80%. Cloud development mainly over northwest to southwest of Jakarta,
The Universality of Moral Requirements and Duties to Close Persons
Authors: Prokofyev A. V. 
Published: December 2018

The article traces origins of the contradiction that calls into being the polemics on the moral status of duties to close persons (special obligations). Special obligations are created by the unique life narrative of an actor that makes different recipients of her actions more or less distant. Those who are less distant are “close ones.” Those who are more distant are “strangers.” The basis of this distance can be different: individual sympathy, consanguinity, belonging to cultural, territorial and political communities. Special obligations presuppose that the preferential treatment of “close ones” is not only permissible but obligatory. This feature of moral duties to close persons makes moral philosophers suspicious because they are prone to endow moral requirements with two interrelated properties: universality and the high level of generality. The main reason for this is that the typical moral duty is a duty of every human being to another human being without any further qualifications. Against the background of such duties, any preference to close persons looks like the breach of moral equality and manifestation of impermissible partiality. Though, common moral beliefs persistently include special obligations in the whole system of moral duty. R. Goodin thinks that they have a priority over positive general duties and yield to negative general duties. The empirical researches of moral evaluations which reviewed in this article in general confirm this conclusion. The ethical theory cannot ignore fundamental features of common moral beliefs. That is why it is doomed to look for ways of reconciling the moral equality and impartiality with the preferential treatment of close persons embedded into special obligations.
PENGUKURAN KINERJA RANTAI PASOK DENGAN PENDEKATAN SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATION REFERENCE (SCOR) PADA KELOMPOK TANI DI PACITAN
Authors: Budiwan Adi , Syahrial Ramon 
Published: December 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem pengukuran kinerja rantai pasok serta memberikan usulan perbaikan berdasarkan hasil pengukuran kinerja rantai pasoknya. Penelitian dilakukan pada kelompok tani di Kabupaten Pacitan. Hasil rancangan pengukuran kinerja rantai pasok adalah 24 KPI yang dibagi ke dalam lima proses manajemen dasar rantai pasok, yaitu: plan, source, make, deliver dan return. Identifikasi KPI diperoleh dari kerangka SCOR model. Dengan konsep AHP diperoleh bobot untuk masing-masing perspektif yaitu plan (0,233); source (0,120); make (0,555), deliver (0,060) dan return (0,032). Pada tahap pengukuran, proses scoring system menggunakan proses normalisasi Snom De Bour, selanjutnya dengan analisis traffic light system yaitu untuk mengetahui pencapaian performasi KPI melalui tiga warna (merah, kuning dan hijau) sebagai indikator. Dari hasil pengukuran performansi terdapat 2 KPI yang memiliki kinerja rendah yang memerlukan prioritas perbaikan yaitu Product Failure in Grinding Process (PFGP) dan Product Failure in Mixer Process (PFMP). Kata Kunci: Pengukuran, Performansi, Rantai, SCOR, Model, Process
POTENSI KOMBINASI KONSORSIUM MIKROORGANISME INDIGEN DAN LIMBAH BUDIDAYA PADI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN SAWI
Authors: Pratamaningtyas Suslam , Wardhani Tri , Suprihana S , Zanuar Ekky 
Published: December 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi konsorsium mikroorganisme indigen yang dikombinasikan dengan penambahan limbah budidaya padi berupa jerami terfermentasi, sekam bakar dan abu sekam. Penambahan konsorsium mikroorganisme dalam 3 tingkat kerapatan 105, 106, 107 CFU yang dikombinasikan dengan 3 macam bahan organik berupa limbah budidaya padi dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman uji (Brassica juncea). Penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh waktu penelitian yang kurang panjang, umur tanaman uji yang hanya 1 bulan, sehingga belum ada interaksi positif yang terjadi antara penambahan bahan organik dengan konsorsium mikroorganisme indigen yang diberikan. Kata kunci: konsorsium, indigen, CFU, limbah, terfermentasi
EFEKTIVITAS PENEGAKAN HUKUM KEJAHATAN PROSTITUSI ONLINE YANG MELIBATKAN PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK
Authors: Ma'sumah Mufidatul 
Published: December 2018

Perlindungan Perempuan dan anak bukan saja masalah hak asasi manusia, tetapi lebih luas lagi yakni
masalah penegakan hukum (law enforcement). Salah satu persoalan hukum yang menjamur di masyarakat
saat ini adalah kejahatan prostitusi dunia maya atau lebih dikenal prostitusi online. Tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas penegakan hukum kejahatan prostitusi online yang melibatkan
Perempuan dan Anak serta untuk menganalisis hambatan-hambatan dalam penegakan hukumnya. Metode
penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis sosiologis (empiris) dengan mengambil lokasi
penelitian di wilayah hukum Kota Malang. Lokasi yang dijadikan penelitian diantaranya: Polresta Malang,
Kejaksaan Negeri Malang, Pengadilan Negeri Kota Malang, Lembaga Pemasyarakatan, Dinas Pemberdayaan
Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. Jenis dan sumber data yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah data primer
dan data sekunder. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa penegakan hukum terhadap kejahatan prostitusi
online masih belum efektif. Hambatan-hambatannya adalah dikarenakan antara lain: Sarana dan prasarana
yang belum memadai, Sumber Daya Manusia (penegak hukum) kurang mumpuni dalam bidang teknologi
informasi, banyak iklan prostitusi online yang dijadikan sebagai modus penipuan, tingginya biaya
penegakan hukum terkait penegakan kejahatan prostitusi online, dari segi teknologi informasi sistem filter
yang dibuat oleh pemerintah masih lemah, budaya masyarakat Indonesia khususnya kontrol keluarga kurang.
Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, Penegakan Hukum, Prostitusi Online
IMPLEMENTASI AFFIRMATIVE ACTION KUOTA PEREMPUAN DALAM PARTAI POLITIK DAN LEMBAGA PERWAKILAN RAKYAT DAERAH (Studi di Wilayah Kota Malang)
Authors: Sirajuddin Sirajuddin , Sudjono Adiloka 
Published: December 2018

In the 2009 legislative general election, there were 793 definitive candidates, consisting of 528 men and 265 women. Therefore, the average percentage of definitive female candidates from the whole parties was 33% and in general it seems that the percentage was above 30%. But, an affirmative action as stated on the law on the election of the house of representative members in Malang city in 2009 was not reached, since the number of the elected female legislative representative was still under quota of 30%. Factors causing such less optimum affirmative action in political parties and the house of representative in Malang city are as follows: (1) the political context dominated by men so that the women’s interest was less accommodated. (2) the social context dominated by men so this resulted in masculine practices and (3) the cultural context dominated by a patriarchal tradition resulting a social construction on the division of men and women, and the legal factor through the decision of the constitutional court that did not condition the legislative candidates based on the highest voters, instead of the number order. Kata Kunci: affirmative action, perempuan, partai politik, lembaga perwakilan rakyat daerah
Aluminum Alloy Nomenclature and Temper Designations
Authors: Weritz John 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Commercial aluminum alloys are classified based on how they are made and what they contain. This article describes the ANSI H35.1 designation system, which is widely used to classify wrought and cast aluminum alloys. The ANSI standard uses a four-digit numbering system to identify alloying elements, compositional modifications, purity levels, and product types. It also uses a multicharacter code to convey process-related details on heat treating, hardening, cooling, cold working, and other stabilization treatments. The article includes several large tables that provide extensive information on aluminum alloy and temper designations and how they correspond to critical mechanical properties as well as other designation systems.
Recycling of Aluminum
Authors: Schlesinger Mark E. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Aluminum possesses many characteristics that make it highly compatible with recycling. Production of aluminum from scrap has a number of advantages. This article discusses the technology for the recovery, sorting, and remelting of aluminum. It describes the collection and acquisition of aluminum scrap in transportation, packaging, electrical and electronic, and building and construction sectors. The article reviews the technologies used to accomplish comminution for aluminum: shearing, knife shredding, and swing-hammer shredding. It provides a description of the devices used in scrap sorting, such as hand sorting, air classification, magnetic separation, eddy-current separation, heavy-media separation, and sensor-based sorting. The article also describes thermal processing, refining and casting, and dross processing of aluminum. It provides information on reverberatory and electric furnaces used for melting aluminum.
Etching of Aluminum and Its Alloys
Authors: Newman Linda 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Etching aluminum can be a pretreatment step for anodizing, chemical conversion coating, metal-to-rubber bonding, and a host of other processes. Chemical etching, using either alkaline or acid solutions, produces a matte finish on aluminum products. This article describes the alkaline etching and acid etching of aluminum. Alkaline etching reduces or eliminates surface scratches, nicks, extrusion die lines, and other imperfections. Acid etching can be done without heavy smut problems, particularly on aluminum die castings. Hydrochloric, hydrofluoric, nitric, phosphoric, chromic, and sulfuric acids are used in acid etching. The article presents a flow chart of the operations used in acid etching.
Laser Stir Welding
Authors: Martukanitz Richard , Stol Israel 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Although laser stir welding (LSW) is applied to various metallic systems, it is especially appropriate to laser beam welding (LBW) of aluminum, because liquid aluminum possesses significantly less surface tension and viscosity than most common metal alloys, which results in greater fluidity of the molten pool. This article schematically illustrates the keyhole instability in LBW and describes the process details of LSW. Representative macrographs of butt, lap, and fillet welds produced using the LBW and LSW processes are presented. The article discusses the laser welding technologies having a large impact on the ability to apply LSW in production. It concludes with information on the industrial applications of LSW.
Mechanical Joining of Aluminum
Authors: Padfield Toby 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This article compares and contrasts mechanical joining techniques used in the manufacture of aluminum assemblies, including seaming, swaging, flanging, crimping, clinching, dimpling, interference and snap fits, and interlocking joints. It provides basic illustrations of the various methods and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each. The article also discusses the use of staples, nails, rivets, and threaded fasteners and provides relevant property and performance data.
Physical Metallurgy of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Wang Junsheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article provides a thorough review of the physical metallurgy of aluminum alloys and its role in determining the properties and from a design and manufacturing perspective. And its role in include the effects of composition, mechanical working, and/or heat treatment on structure and properties. This article focuses on the effects of alloying and the metallurgical factors on phase constituents, structure, and properties of aluminum alloys. Effects from different combinations of alloying elements are described in terms of relevant alloy phase diagrams. The article addresses the underlying alloying and structural aspects that affect the properties and possible processing routes of aluminum alloys. It provides information on the heat treatment effects on the physical properties of aluminum alloys and the microstructural effects on the fatigue and fracture of aluminum alloys. The important alloying elements and impurities are listed alphabetically as a concise review of major effects.