bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etapes et facteurs de la spéléogenèse dans le Sud-Est de la France
Authors: Blanc Jean-Joseph 
Published: November 2018

On distingue trois étapes de durées inégales dans la spéléogenèse des karsts du SE de la France.
1) Les paléokarsts anciens, liés à des climats tropicaux et rubéfiants (Crétacé, Eocène, Oligocène, Miocène), sont affectés par la tectonique et sont corrélés aux riftings ouest-européen et liguro-provençal (ouverture de la Méditerranée) et à la formation de grandes surfaces d'arasion.
2) Le Messinien, caractérisé par un fort abaissement du niveau de base, permet le développement des réseaux verticaux et une première phase de creusement des canyons, d'où l'érosion des hautes surfaces et l'abandon des réseaux suspendus. Ainsi s'élabore un nouveau karst surdimensionné par rapport au réseau hydrographique plio-quaternaire.
3) Du Pliocène (5,3 Ma) jusqu'à l'Actuel (état de marge méditerranéenne passive), se forme un troisième type de cavité adapté à un nouveau contrôle climato-eustatique oscillant et discontinu. Après une phase compressive, la tectogenèse est ralentie. On observe des changements de direction des écoulements et une spéléogenèse surtout conditionnée par les phases froides et humides. Dès le Tardiglaciaire, la spéléogenèse est ralentie et les dispositions actuelles sont acquises.
On the Interpretation of Far-infrared Spectral Energy Distributions. I. The 850 μm Molecular Mass Estimator
Authors: Privon G. C. , Narayanan D. , Davé R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We use a suite of cosmological zoom galaxy formation simulations and dust radiative transfer calculations to explore the use of the monochromatic 850 μm luminosity (L

ν,850) as a molecular gas mass (M
mol) estimator in galaxies between 0 < z < 9.5 for a broad range of masses. For our fiducial simulations, where we assume that the dust mass is linearly related to the metal mass, we find that empirical L

ν,850–M
mol calibrations accurately recover the molecular gas mass of our model galaxies and that the L

ν,850-dependent calibration is preferred. We argue that the major driver of scatter in the L

ν,850–M
mol relation arises from variations in the molecular gas-to-dust mass ratio, rather than variations in the dust temperature, in agreement with the previous study of Liang et al. Emulating a realistic measurement strategy with ALMA observing bands that are dependent on the source redshift, we find that estimating S

ν,850 from continuum emission at a different frequency contributes 10%–20% scatter to the L

ν,850–M
mol relation. This additional scatter arises from a combination of mismatches in assumed T
dust and β values, as well as the fact that the SEDs are not single-temperature blackbodies. However, this observationally induced scatter is a subdominant source of uncertainty. Finally, we explore the impact of a dust prescription in which the dust-to-metals ratio varies with metallicity. Though the resulting mean dust temperatures are ∼50% higher, the dust mass is significantly decreased for low-metallicity halos. As a result, the observationally calibrated L

ν,850–M
mol relation holds for massive galaxies, independent of the dust model, but below L

ν,850 ≲ 1028 erg s−1 (metallicities

) we expect that galaxies may deviate from literature observational calibrations by ≳0.5 dex.
Comparative Study of 27-Gauge Versus 25-Gauge Vitrectomy With Air Tamponade in the Treatment of Myopic Foveoschisis
Authors: Jiang Xintong , Zhang Shaochong , Zhang Zhaotian , Zhou Xuezhi , Wei Yantao 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the surgical outcome of 27-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with 25-gauge PPV and evaluate the efficacy of air tamponade for the treatment of myopic foveoschisis (MF).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Sixty eyes of 60 consecutive patients were recruited to undergo vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, and air tamponade for treatment of MF. These eyes were divided into two groups: the 27-gauge group (n = 29) and the 25-gauge group (n = 31).

RESULTS:

There were no significant differences in the mean operating time (
P
= .32), the mean time for vitrectomy (
P
= .20), and the suturing rate(
P
= .46) between the 27-gauge group and the 25-gauge group. At the final follow-up, anatomical resolution rate did not differ between the two groups (
P
= .65).

CONCLUSION:
The 27-gauge vitrectomy system is as efficient and feasible as the 25-gauge system for the treatment of MF. Air tamponade can provide good postoperative anatomic resolution of MF.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:e135–e142.]
Blocking Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Abrogates Collagen-Induced Arthritis via Inhibiting Dendritic Cell Migration
Authors: He Juan , Li Xing , Zhuang Jian , Han Jiaochan , Luo Guihu , Yang Fangyuan , Sun Yan , Liao Pan , Han Yanping , He Yi , Shi Hui , Sun Erwei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Trafficking of dendritic cells (DCs) to lymph nodes (LNs) to present Ags is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is the key molecule for DC migration. Thus, blocking MMP-9 to inhibit DC migration may be a novel strategy to treat RA. In this study, we used anti–MMP-9 Ab to treat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice and demonstrated that anti–MMP-9 Ab treatment significantly suppressed the development of CIA via the modulation of DC trafficking. In anti–MMP-9 Ab–treated CIA mice, the number of DCs in draining LNs was obviously decreased. In vitro, anti–MMP-9 Ab and MMP-9 inhibitor restrained the migration of mature bone marrow–derived DCs in Matrigel in response to CCR7 ligand CCL21. In addition, blocking MMP-9 decreased T and B cell numbers in LNs of CIA mice but had no direct influence on the T cell response to collagen II by CD4+ T cells purified from LNs or spleen. Besides, anti–MMP-9 Ab did not impact on the expression of MHC class II, CD40, CD80, CD86, and chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CCR7) of DCs both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we discovered the number of MMP-9−/− DCs trafficking from footpads to popliteal LNs was dramatically reduced as compared with wild type DCs in both MMP-9−/− mice and wild type mice. Taken together, these results indicated that DC-derived MMP-9 is the crucial factor for DC migration, and blocking MMP-9 to inhibit DC migration may constitute a novel strategy of future therapy for RA and other similar autoimmune diseases.
High FcγR Expression on Intratumoral Macrophages Enhances Tumor-Targeting Antibody Therapy
Authors: Benonisson Hreinn , Sow Heng Sheng , Breukel Cor , Claassens Jill , Brouwers Conny , Linssen Margot M. , Fransen Marieke F. , Sluijter Marjolein , Ossendorp Ferry , van Hall Thorbald , Verbeek J. Sjef 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Therapy with tumor-specific Abs is common in the clinic but has limited success against solid malignancies. We aimed at improving the efficacy of this therapy by combining a tumor-specific Ab with immune-activating compounds. In this study, we demonstrate in the aggressive B16F10 mouse melanoma model that concomitant application of the anti-TRP1 Ab (clone TA99) with TLR3-7/8 or -9 ligands, and IL-2 strongly enhanced tumor control in a therapeutic setting. Depletion of NK cells, macrophages, or CD8+ T cells all mitigated the therapeutic response, showing a coordinated immune rejection by innate and adaptive immune cells. FcγRs were essential for the therapeutic effect, with a dominant role for FcγRI and a minor role for FcγRIII and FcγRIV. FcγR expression on NK cells and granulocytes was dispensable, indicating that other tumoricidal functions of NK cells were involved and implicating that FcγRI, -III, and -IV exerted their activity on macrophages. Indeed, F4/80+Ly-6C+ inflammatory macrophages in the tumor microenvironment displayed high levels of these receptors. Whereas administration of the anti-TRP1 Ab alone reduced the frequency of these macrophages, the combination with a TLR agonist retained these cells in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, the addition of innate stimulatory compounds, such as TLR ligands, to tumor-specific Ab therapy could greatly enhance its efficacy in solid cancers via optimal exploitation of FcγRs.
TLR-7 Stress Signaling in Differentiating and Mature Eosinophils Is Mediated by the Prolyl Isomerase Pin1
Authors: Shen Zhong-Jian , Hu Jie , Kashi Venkatesh , Bochkov Yury A. , Gern James E. , Malter James S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The response of eosinophils (Eos) to respiratory virus has emerged as an important link between pulmonary infection and allergic asthmatic exacerbations. Eos activate innate immune responses through TLR signaling. In this study, using mouse and human Eos and mice lacking the prolyl isomerase Pin1 selectively in Eos, we show that Pin1 is indispensable for eosinophilopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) and mature cell function in the presence of TLR7 activation. Unbiased in vivo analysis of mouse models of allergic airway inflammation revealed that TLR7 activation in knockout mice resulted in systemic loss of Eos, reduced IFN production, and an inability to clear respiratory viruses. Consistent with this finding, BM mouse Eos progenitors lacking Pin1 showed markedly reduced cell proliferation and survival after TLR7 activation. Mechanistically, unlike wild-type cells, Pin1 null mouse Eos were defective in the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced unfolded protein response. We observed significant reductions in the expression of unfolded protein response components and target genes, aberrant TLR7 cleavage and trafficking, and reduced granule protein production in knockout Eos. Our data strongly suggest that Pin1 is required for BM Eos generation and function during concurrent allergen challenge and viral infection.
Internet and criminal responsibility in cybercrime. The security breach
Authors: Tarola Maria Rita 
Published: November 2018

This present work intends to outline an area of criminology regarding the support of investigative approach aimed to the suppression of cybercrime, known as negative and criminal interference in the context of daily social living. In the presence of more and more impetuous modern evolutions that characterize the information field, in the technical sense, and also in accordance with an industry profile. Aiming for the most part to identify solutions, in the various events experienced by the victims themselves, in assessing how much they are willing to grant and sacrifice, in view of obtaining the fairest counterbalanced advantage or claiming what is criminalized, to the drawbacks. An arduous evaluation study of the delicate balance in the light also of the most recent statistical references, between the need to crack down and that to obtain consensus. To safeguard this need, therefore, also the new regulations that, in step with evolution express and regulate the discomfort achieved with the new methodological approaches. If it is true that an evolution of the times makes information less high, due to the growth of interferences and redundancies, it is also true that this has a negative implication that we have to more regulate a better guarantee of what always constitutes respect for data security, if the lack of this, can determine the limit to want to obtain, making it now more than ever with the recent implementation of GDPR 676/2016, through the duty to repress.
An information security behavioural model for the bring-your-own-device trend
Authors: Musarurwa Alfred , Flowerday Stephen , Cilliers Liezel 
Published: November 2018

Background: Organisations have found themselves in a race to embrace bringing your own device (BYOD) in their day-to-day business operations, while at the same time needing to maintain their information security management standards. BYOD is convenient for employees as it allows them to conduct business anywhere and at any time. However, this has resulted in organisations having to rethink their information security management, as BYOD now extends the information security management boundaries to wherever the employees takes their device and wherever there is a network access point.Objective: While technical solutions are offered by various BYOD solution providers, the theme of this article is to propose employee behavioural change for organisations to mitigate the risks that are associated with the BYOD phenomenon.Methods: For this purpose, a literature review was conducted, culminating in the identification of six key traits for the development of a behavioural intention model towards information security. Using the six traits, a questionnaire was developed and loaded on SurveyMonkey, and a survey was subsequently conducted among 270 employees of a selected bank in Zimbabwe.Results: A total of 205 employees responded to the survey, with 179 of the responses being deemed usable (i.e. a response rate of 87%). Data obtained from the survey were subjected to statistical tests, the conclusions of which were used to create the BYOD information security behavioural (BISB) model.Conclusion: The article concludes by proposing the BISB model as an effective option for mitigating the information security challenges in BYOD.
Physical state of 2-methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol in pure and internally mixed aerosols
Authors: Lessmeier Jörn , Dette Hans Peter , Godt Adelheid , Koop Thomas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. 2-Methylbutane-1,2,3,4-tetraol (hereafter named tetraol) is an important
oxidation product of isoprene and can be considered as a marker compound for
isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Little is known about
this compound's physical phase state, although some field observations
indicate that isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosols in the tropics tend
to be in a liquid rather than a solid state. To gain more knowledge about the
possible phase states of tetraol and of tetraol-containing SOA particles, we
synthesized tetraol as racemates as well as enantiomerically enriched
materials. Subsequently the obtained highly viscous dry liquids were
investigated calorimetrically by differential scanning calorimetry revealing
subambient glass transition temperatures Tg. We also show that
only the diastereomeric isomers differ in their Tg values, albeit
only by a few kelvin. We derive the phase diagram of water–tetraol mixtures
over the whole tropospheric temperature and humidity range from determining
glass transition temperatures and ice melting temperatures of aqueous tetraol
mixtures. We also investigated how water diffuses into a sample of dry
tetraol. We show that upon water uptake two homogeneous liquid domains form
that are separated by a sharp, locally constrained concentration gradient.
Finally, we measured the glass transition temperatures of mixtures of tetraol
and an important oxidation product of α-pinene-derived SOA:
3-methylbutane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (3-MBTCA). Overall, our results imply
a liquid-like state of isoprene-derived SOA particles in the lower troposphere
at moderate to high relative humidity (RH), but presumably a semisolid or even
glassy state at upper tropospheric conditions, particularly at low relative
humidity, thus providing experimental support for recent modeling calculations.
Consideration of NDVI thematic changes in density analysis and floristic composition of Wadi Yalamlam, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aldhebiani Amal Y. , Elhag Mohamed , Hegazy Ahmad K. , Galal Hanaa K. , Mufareh Norah S. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Wadi Yalamlam is
known as one of the significant wadis in the west of Saudi Arabia. It is a
very important water source for the western region of the country. Thus, it
supplies the holy places in Mecca and the surrounding areas with drinking
water. The floristic composition of Wadi Yalamlam has not been
comprehensively studied. For that reason, this work aimed to assess the wadi
vegetation cover, life-form presence, chorotype, diversity, and community
structure using temporal remote sensing data. Temporal datasets spanning
4 years were acquired from the Landsat 8 sensor in 2013 as an early
acquisition and in 2017 as a late acquisition to estimate normalized
difference vegetation index (NDVI) changes. The wadi was divided into seven
stands. Stands 7, 1, and 3 were the richest with the highest Shannon index
values of 2.98, 2.69, and 2.64, respectively. On the other hand, stand 6 has
the least plant biodiversity with a Shannon index of 1.8. The study also
revealed the presence of 48 different plant species belonging to 24 families.
Fabaceae (17 %) and Poaceae (13 %) were the main families that form
most of the vegetation in the study area, while many families were
represented by only 2 % of the vegetation of the wadi. NDVI analysis
showed that the wadi suffers from various types of degradation of the
vegetation cover along with the wadi main stream.
Towards risk-based flood management in highly productive paddy rice cultivation – concept development and application to the Mekong Delta
Authors: Triet Nguyen Van Khanh , Dung Nguyen Viet , Merz Bruno , Apel Heiko 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Flooding is an imminent natural hazard threatening most river deltas, e.g. the Mekong Delta. An appropriate flood management is thus required for a
sustainable development of the often densely populated regions. Recently, the
traditional event-based hazard control shifted towards a risk management
approach in many regions, driven by intensive research leading to new legal
regulation on flood management. However, a large-scale flood risk assessment
does not exist for the Mekong Delta. Particularly, flood risk to paddy rice
cultivation, the most important economic activity in the delta, has not been
performed yet. Therefore, the present study was developed to provide the very
first insight into delta-scale flood damages and risks to rice cultivation.
The flood hazard was quantified by probabilistic flood hazard maps of the
whole delta using a bivariate extreme value statistics, synthetic flood
hydrographs, and a large-scale hydraulic model. The flood risk to paddy rice
was then quantified considering cropping calendars, rice phenology, and
harvest times based on a time series of enhanced vegetation index (EVI)
derived from MODIS satellite data, and a published rice flood damage
function. The proposed concept provided flood risk maps to paddy rice for the
Mekong Delta in terms of expected annual damage. The presented concept can be
used as a blueprint for regions facing similar problems due to its generic
approach. Furthermore, the changes in flood risk to paddy rice caused by
changes in land use currently under discussion in the Mekong Delta were
estimated. Two land-use scenarios either intensifying or reducing rice
cropping were considered, and the changes in risk were presented in spatially
explicit flood risk maps. The basic risk maps could serve as guidance for the
authorities to develop spatially explicit flood management and mitigation
plans for the delta. The land-use change risk maps could further be used for
adaptive risk management plans and as a basis for a cost–benefit of the
discussed land-use change scenarios. Additionally, the damage and risks maps
may support the recently initiated agricultural insurance programme in
Vietnam.
Investigating the Perceptions of L2 Learners on Language Learning Anxiety: A Study of Undergraduate Students at Public Sector University, Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Bhatti Amina Bibi , Pathan Habibullah , Ali Shah Syed Waqar , Faryal Aisha , Bhatti Aisha 
Published: November 2018

English has got the position of authorized language in Pakistan, widely used in various domains. In academic studies it is mandatory to teach English up to higher education. Mansoor (2004) estimates that newly graduate have studied English for at least 9 years recently. English is used as means for instruction in professional education like medicine, engineering and law.One of the most common issues in learning a foreign language is anxiety. Among the three affective factors (attitudes, motivation, anxiety), language anxiety is the most common issue. It is also one of the factors which influence language learning (Henter, 2013). Anxiety is defined as “the subjective feeling of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and worry associated with an arousal of the autonomic nervous system” (cited by Spielberger.1983). Horwitz (1986) revealed that in academic as well as social context anxiety in a foreign language is related to performance and suggested three kinds of anxiety. (1) Communication apprehension (2) Fear of negative evaluation (3) Test anxiety. This study aims to know the perceptions of English Language Learners on Language learning Anxiety in EFL classroom. The purpose of this study is to find or reveal the type of anxiety that learners feel in English as a foreign language classroom at University level.The participants in this research are from one engineering university (MUET Jamshoro) of the Sindh and the size of the sample is also little (n=140). For a clear view of this area further large scale studies in different contexts of the country are needed for having a good platform for foreign language learning.The present study used quantitative method for data collection to get unbiased results. Participants of the study are first year students of different engineering fields of Mehran University who learn English as a foreign language. The Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) given by (Horwitz, 1986) has been adapted and applied for data collection. The questionnaire was bifurcated into two parts, the initial part of questionnaire was for demographic information and the second part was for knowing the perceptions of students on anxiety. The data results were evaluated after doing different tests in SPSS software. The findings of the study reveal the learners feel anxiety during EFL classrooms and communication apprehension anxiety experienced by students is at a higher level from the learner’s perspective.This will be beneficial for learners, educators and helpful to policy makers of the education system to make good and valid policies that will improve the learning of foreign language in a better way and suitable environment. It will be a significant contribution in the research domain.
Impact of Testing Temperature on the Structure and Catalytic Properties of Au Nanotubes Composites
Authors: Mashentseva Anastassiya A. , Zdorovets Maxim V. , Borgekov Daryn B. 
Published: November 2018

In the paper, the catalytic activity of composites based on gold nanotubes and ion track membranes was studied using bench reaction of the p-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction in the temperature range of 25-40 °C. The efficiency of the prepared catalysts was estimated on the rate constant of the reaction and by conversion degree of 4-NP to p-aminophenol (4-AP). The comprehensive evaluation of the structure was performed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. A decreasing of the composites activity was observed when the reaction were carried out at the temperature over 35 °C, due to an increased average crystallite size from 7.31±1.07 to 10.35±3.7 nm (after 1st run). In temperature range of 25-35 °C the efficiency of the composite catalyst was unchanged in 3 runs and decreases by 24-32 % after the 5th run. At the high temperature of 40 °C after the 5th run the composite become completely catalytically inert.