bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labor force heterogeneity and wage polarization: Italy and Spain
Authors: Addabbo Tindara , García-Fernández Rosa María , Llorca-Rodríguez Carmen María , Maccagnan Anna 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the change in the Italian and Spanish wage polarization degree in a time of economic crisis, taking into account the factors affecting labor force heterogeneity. Gender differences in the evolution of social fractures are considered by carrying out the analysis separately for males and females.Design/methodology/approachThe approach by Palacios-Gonzánlez and García-Fernández (2012) on polarization is applied to the microdata provided by the EU Living Conditions Surveys (2007, 2010 and 2012). According to Palacios-Gonzánlez and García-Fernández’s approach, polarization is generated by two tendencies that contribute to the generation of social tension: the homogeneity or cohesion within group and the heterogeneity between groups. The following labor force characteristics are considered: gender, level of education, type of contract, occupational status and job status.FindingsThe results for Italy reveal a higher increase of polarization for women than for men from the perspective of the type of contract. In Spain, the wage polarization of women also increases more intensively compared to men from the perspectives of level of education, job status and occupational status, while in Italy the reduction of the wage polarization index by level of education can be related, above all, to an increase in overqualification of women.Originality/valueWhile the empirical literature on polarization has made considerable investigation into employment and job polarization, this paper explores the rather less explored matter of wage polarization. Furthermore, particular attention is paid to the impact on polarization of the Great Recession.
Do microsavings stimulate financial performance of microfinance institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Chikalipah Sydney 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the empirical relationship between microsavings and the financial performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Design/methodology/approach
The approach in this paper is decidedly empirical, and employs data obtained from Microfinance Information eXchange (MIX). The data set consists of 350 microfinance MFIs domiciled in 36 Sub-Saharan African countries for the period covering 1998–2012.

Findings
The panel estimation results consistently show that there exists a negative and statistically significant relationship between microsavings and the financial performance of MFIs in SSA. This is perhaps surprising, albeit rational considering the exceedingly elevated operating expenses that ascend from mobilizing and managing microsavings, ceteris paribus, that could erode firm profitability. The paper draws policy implications from these important findings.

Research limitations/implications
Even though generalized method of moment estimation technique was employed and robustness checks, the issue of endogeneity cannot be eliminated entirely.

Practical implications
Microfinance industry is one of the fastest growing segments of the financial sector in SSA. The industry is increasingly becoming the core of financial inclusion in the region where two-thirds of the adult population lack access to formal financial services. Therefore, gaining an in-depth understanding of the role microsavings play in the financial performance of MFIs can contribute to the growth of the industry.

Originality/value
This study is timely considering the significant growth in the number of microsavings – there are currently twice as many microsavings accounts in SSA as there are microcredits. More importantly, based on 400 MFIs, that reported data to MIX in 2016, the total microsavings stood at about US$11bn against an aggregate loan portfolio of about US$10.5bn. The remarkable growth of microsavings in SSA, from less than US$100m in 2000 to US$11bn in 2016, is the main motivation of undertaking this study.
Revisiting the energy consumption–economic growth causal relationships in tails
Authors: Tzeremes Panayiotis 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the energy consumption and the economic growth in the USA and in a sectoral level by using monthly data from January 1991 to May 2016.Design/methodology/approachWhile assessing the relationship at a country level, the authors also examine five sectors by using quantile causality.FindingsThe findings indicate the existence of a causality at the sectoral level in tails. More specifically, industrial and electric sectors cause the growth at the lower and higher levels. Residential, commercial and transportation sectors do not cause the growth in all levels. Total consumption causes the growth in the middle and low levels but not in the high level. Finally, the empirical evidence signifies an asymmetric relationship between the covariates.Practical implicationsThe results imply that when the consumption deals conditions with fluctuation, it is likely to be affected by growth. In such a case, energy policies gear toward reducing or increasing energy intensity, improving energy efficiency, encouraging the use of alternative sources and investing in the development of technology.Originality/valueThe authors use, for the first time, the quantile causality for the case of energy consumption and economic growth. The quantile test is useful for a thorough comprehension of the causal relationship for this area. Compared to the OLS, which is used for the majority of causality tests, the quantile investigates the causality at the sectoral level in the tails.
The structural topic model for online review analysis
Authors: Park Eunhye (Olivia) , Chae Bongsug (Kevin) , Kwon Junehee 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore influences of review-related information on topical proportions and the pattern of word appearances in each topic (topical content) using structural topic model (STM).Design/methodology/approachFor 173,607 Yelp.com reviews written in 2005-2016, STM-based topic modeling was applied with inclusion of covariates in addition to traditional statistical analyses.FindingsDifferences in topic prevalence and topical contents were found between certified green and non-certified restaurants. Customers’ recognition in sustainable food topics were changed over time.Research limitations/implicationsThis study demonstrates the application of STM for the systematic analysis of a large amount of text data.Originality/valueLimited study in the hospitality literature examined the influence of review-level metadata on topic and term estimation. Through topic modeling, customers’ natural responses toward green practices were identified.
Should bankers be concerned with Intellectual capital? A study of the Thai banking sector
Authors: Tran Dai Binh , Vo Duc Hong 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the causal effect of intellectual capital (IC) performance on financial performance at Thai listed banks.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are collected from 16 listed banks in Thailand for the period 1997–2016. This paper uses the value-added intellectual coefficient methodology suggested by Pulic (1998, 2004) to measure IC. This study employs a fixed-effects and random-effects model and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator to investigate the causal effect of IC on financial performance.

Findings
The results show that bank profitability is driven mainly by capital employed efficiency to make a profit. However, human capital efficiency marginally reduces bank profitability in the current period but has positive effects on future profitability.

Research limitations/implications
First, this study does not cover data on foreign banks, which reduces the generalizability of the results. Second, financial statements can be manipulated through accounting adjustments. Lastly, subsequent research should control for more bank characteristics, such as bank ownership, the non-performing loan ratio and R&D expenditure.

Practical implications
To achieve higher future profitability, banks should not only manage their physical and financial capital effectively but also improve employee efficiency.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature on IC in the banking sector in emerging countries. Moreover, this paper is the first to employ the GMM method in the banking context to address possible endogeneity problems.
The future of youth tourism in Ghana: motives, satisfaction and behavioural intentions
Authors: Preko Alexander , Doe Frederick , Dadzie Samuel Ato 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The study presents the push–pull motives and behavioural intentions of youth tourists and how these provide the foundation for the planning and development of Ghana’s tourism future. Since youth tourism (YT) is regarded as a niche market globally, the purpose of this paper is to identify the prospects of this form of tourism in a developing nation.

Design/methodology/approach
The study has utilised a convenience sampling approach in gathering data from 557 youth tourists, adapting existing instruments for measuring push–pull motives, satisfaction and behavioural intentions. The reliability and validity of the instruments were established through confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach’s α analyses. Structural equation modelling is used to establish relationships.

Findings
The results revealed the positive effects of push and pull factors on tourists’ satisfaction as well as the significant influence of tourists’ satisfaction on youth behavioural intentions. However, push factors positively influenced pull factors of youth tourists.

Research limitations/implications
The conclusion and recommendations of this study might not be congruent with the factors that motivate adults or student tourism, satisfaction and behavioural intentions.

Practical implications
The findings of the research validate the viability of YT activities and the behavioural intentions for future tourism market in Ghana. Ghana’s tourism sector should design interesting and competitive offers that attract youth tourists and address tourism growth.

Originality/value
To date, investigation into motives, satisfaction and behavioural intentions of youth tourists as the basis for future tourism development remains a virgin field in Ghana. This study has timely attempted to address this gap.
Let’s put the “T” back into CBT
Authors: Binnie James , Spada Marcantonio 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critique the current manner in which cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is delivered, with a focus on the impact of evidence-based practice.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based upon the experiences, ideas and clinical practice of the authors.FindingsThe reductionist approach based on psychiatric diagnosis is put forward as the mechanism by which CBT has gradually lost its status as a form of psychotherapy.Originality/valueAn alternative framework based on revitalising CBT as a client centred, problem-based and formulation driven form of therapy is put forward.
“(Not) forever talk”: restaurant employees managing occupational stigma consciousness
Authors: Shigihara Amanda Michiko 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine restaurant employees’ engagement in identity work to manage occupational stigma consciousness.Design/methodology/approachResearch methods included ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews.FindingsWidespread societal stigma attached to food service work disturbed participants’ sense of coherence. Therefore, they undertook harmonizing their present and envisioned selves with “forever talk,” a form of identity work whereby people discursively construct desired, favorable and positive identities and self-concepts by discussing what they view themselves engaged and not engaged in forever. Participants employed three forever talk strategies: conceptualizing work durations, framing legitimate careers and managing feelings about employment. Consequently, their talk simultaneously resisted and reproduced restaurant work stigmatization. Findings elucidated occupational stigma consciousness, ambivalence about jobs considered “bad,” “dirty” and “not real,” discursive tools for negotiating laudable identities, and costs of equivocal work appraisals.Originality/valueThis study provides a valuable conceptual and theoretical contribution by developing a more comprehensive understanding of occupational stigma consciousness. Moreover, an identity work framework helps explain how and why people shape identities congruent with and supportive of self-concepts. Forever talk operates as a temporal “protect and preserve” reconciliation tool whereby people are able to construct positive self-concepts while holding marginalized, stereotyped and stigmatized jobs. This paper offers a unique empirical case of the ways in which people talk about possible future selves when their employment runs counter to professions normatively evaluated as esteemed and lifelong. Notably, research findings are germane for analyzing any identities (work and non-work related) that pose incoherence between extant and desired selves.
From salmon to salmonberry: The effects of salmon‐derived nutrients on the stomatal density of leaves of the nitriphilic shrub Rubus spectabilis
Authors: van den Top Gregory G. , Reynolds John D. , Prins Herbert H. T. , Mattsson Jim , Green David J. , Ydenberg Ronald C. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Nutrients derived from the carcasses of Pacific salmon have been shown to have wide‐ranging effects on riparian systems. These include changes in community species composition and an increase in leaf nitrogen concentration, with the latter effect pronounced in the nitriphilic shrub Rubus spectabilis (salmonberry). Experimental work with other species has shown that leaf stomatal density increases in response to nitrogen fertilization.

We predicted that the stomatal density of salmonberry leaves would vary directly with the density of spawning salmon in salmonberry leaves collected from 16 streams in the vicinity of Bella Bella, on British Columbia’s central coast.

We estimated the stomatal density along each stream, and quantified stream characteristics, including the number of spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), canopy cover, stem density and soil moisture.

We found that salmon have both direct and indirect effects on stomatal density, the latter mediated by canopy cover and stem density. Salmonberry stomatal density increased by 1.12 stomata per mm2 (~0.5%) for every kg of salmon per metre of stream. Over the range of salmon densities observed (1.8–49.0 kg per metre of stream), stomatal density increased by almost 45 mm−2, or more than 20%.

These data confirm that the stomatal density in salmonberry responds positively to the opportunity for greater productivity provided by salmon carcasses. The data provide insight into the physiological and morphological processes supporting nitrogen uptake, which in turn influences plant community composition.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Differing Modes of Biotic Connectivity within Freshwater Ecosystem Mosaics
Authors: Mushet David M. , Alexander Laurie C. , Bennett Micah , Schofield Kate , Christensen Jay R. , Ali Genevieve , Pollard Amina , Fritz Ken , Lang Megan W. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe describe a collection of aquatic and wetland habitats in an inland landscape, and their occurrence within a terrestrial matrix, as a “freshwater ecosystem mosaic” (FEM). Aquatic and wetland habitats in any FEM can vary widely, from permanently ponded lakes, to ephemerally ponded wetlands, to groundwater‐fed springs, to flowing rivers and streams. The terrestrial matrix can also vary, including in its influence on flows of energy, materials, and organisms among ecosystems. Biota occurring in a specific region are adapted to the unique opportunities and challenges presented by spatial and temporal patterns of habitat types inherent to each FEM. To persist in any given landscape, most species move to recolonize habitats and maintain mixtures of genetic materials. Species also connect habitats through time if they possess needed morphological, physiological, or behavioral traits to persist in a habitat through periods of unfavorable environmental conditions. By examining key spatial and temporal patterns underlying FEMs, and species‐specific adaptations to these patterns, a better understanding of the structural and functional connectivity of a landscape can be obtained. Fully including aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial habitats in FEMs facilitates adoption of the next generation of individual‐based models that integrate the principles of population, community, and ecosystem ecology.
Pairing provision price and default remedy: optimal two‐stage procurement with private R&D efficiency
Authors: Liu Bin , Lu Jingfeng 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article studies cost‐minimizing two‐stage procurement with Research and Development (R&D). The principal wishes to procure a product from an agent. At the first stage, the agent can conduct R&D to discover a more cost‐efficient production technology. First‐stage R&D efficiency and effort and the realized second‐stage production cost are the agent's private information. The optimal two‐stage mechanism is implemented by a menu of single‐stage contracts, each specifying a fixed provision price and remedy paid by a defaulting agent. A higher delivery price is paired with a higher default remedy, and a more efficient type opts for a higher price and higher remedy.
Competitive pricing strategies in social networks
Authors: Chen Ying‐Ju , Zenou Yves , Zhou Junjie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe study pricing strategies of competing firms selling heterogeneous products to consumers. Goods are substitutes and there are network externalities between neighboring consumers. In equilibrium, firms price discriminate based on the network positions and charge lower prices to more central consumers. We also show that, under some conditions, firms' equilibrium profits decrease when either the network becomes denser or network effects increase. In contrast, consumers always benefit from being more connected to each other. We determine the optimal network structure and compare uniform pricing and discriminatory pricing from the perspectives of firms and consumers.
Effect of Alcohol Sensitivity in Healthy Young Adults on Breath Pharmacokinetics of Acetaldehyde After Mouth Washing with Alcohol
Authors: Himemiya‐Hakucho Ayako , Tanaka Tsubasa , Liu Jinyao , Fujimiya Tatsuya 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAcetaldehyde is causally related to head and neck cancer. Individuals with aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 deficiency experience alcohol sensitivity and are referred to as “flushers” because of their skin‐flushing response to high blood acetaldehyde levels after alcohol consumption. Acetaldehyde is produced in the oral cavity after local alcohol exposure without alcohol ingestion. However, the relationship between the oral acetaldehyde level after local alcohol exposure and alcohol sensitivity is unclear. Herein, sampling the exhaled breath, we evaluated the effect of alcohol sensitivity on the pharmacokinetics of ethanol (EtOH) and acetaldehyde in breath after mouth washing with alcohol.MethodsTwenty‐eight healthy young adults were divided into flusher and nonflusher groups based on an EtOH patch test. The subjects washed their mouths for 30 seconds with 40 ml of 5% v/v alcohol, and their breath samples were collected 12 times over 20 minutes after mouth washing and rinsing with water. EtOH and acetaldehyde concentrations in all breath samples were measured using sensor gas chromatography.ResultsBreath EtOH concentrations exponentially decreased in both groups after mouth washing with alcohol. Breath acetaldehyde concentrations showed an immediate increase, followed by an almost exponential decrease in both groups, but concentrations in the flusher group remained higher than those in the nonflusher group throughout the 20‐minute measurement period. This was reflected in a peak concentration (Cmax) of 808 ± 70 parts‐per‐billion (ppb) versus 1,715 ± 223 ppb, respectively (p = 0.001), and area under the curve values of 3,528 ± 1,399 ppb minutes versus 8,637 ± 1,293 ppb minutes, respectively (p = 0.002).ConclusionsThis study revealed high concentrations of acetaldehyde in breath after local alcohol exposure in the oral cavity among flushers even without alcohol ingestion. This contributes to an increased risk among flushers of mutagenic DNA lesions in the mucosa of the upper digestive tract and cancer.
Increased cocaine self‐administration in rats lacking the serotonin transporter: a role for glutamatergic signaling in the habenula
Authors: Caffino Lucia , Verheij Michel M.M. , Que Lin , Guo Chao , Homberg Judith R. , Fumagalli Fabio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSerotonin (5‐HT) and the habenula (Hb) contribute to motivational and emotional states such as depression and drug abuse. The dorsal raphe nucleus, where 5‐HT neurons originate, and the Hb are anatomically and reciprocally interconnected. Evidence exists that 5‐HT influences Hb glutamatergic transmission. Using serotonin transporter knockout (SERT−/−) rats, which show depression‐like behavior and increased cocaine intake, we investigated the effect of SERT reduction on expression of genes involved in glutamate neurotransmission under both baseline conditions as well as after short‐access or long‐access cocaine (ShA and LgA, respectively) intake. In cocaine‐naïve animals, SERT removal led to reduced baseline Hb mRNA levels of critical determinants of glutamate transmission, such as SLC1A2, the main glutamate transporter and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (Grin1, Grin2A and Grin2B) as well as α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (Gria1 and Gria2) receptor subunits, with no changes in the scaffolding protein Dlg4. In response to ShA and LgA cocaine intake, SLC1A2 and Grin1 mRNA levels decreased in SERT+/+ rats to levels equal of those of SERT−/− rats. Our data reveal that increased extracellular levels of 5‐HT modulate glutamate neurotransmission in the Hb, serving as critical neurobiological substrate for vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
“Spontaneous” medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw; two case reports and a systematic review
Authors: Khominsky A , Lim MAWT 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMedication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe adverse drug effect consisting of bone destruction of the maxilla and/or mandible. The most common precipitating event described in the literature is the extraction of a tooth followed by “spontaneous” occurrence with no clear predisposing event. Current studies are investigating methods of managing dental extractions in patients at risk of MRONJ; however, no studies to date examine the aetiology and management of “spontaneous” MRONJ. This paper describes two cases of “spontaneous” MRONJ seen at the Dental Unit in the Alfred Hospital and systematically reviews the current literature. No significant interactions (P > 0.05) were detected between variables: age, sex, bone disease, antiresorptive, antiresorptive duration, jaw, location and stage. “Spontaneous” cases were commonly associated with the mylohyoid ridge, palatal tori and other anatomical sites, and tended to occur in those generally considered at low risk of developing MRONJ. The review suggests that perhaps the term “spontaneous” is a misnomer and thorough history taking is critical in establishing a precipitating event.