bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pertumbuhan Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. pada Media yang Mengandung Tembaga (Cu) dengan Konsentrasi yang Berbeda
Authors: Supriyantini Endang , Santosa Gunawan Widi , Alamanda Ladies Nikita 
Published: July 2018

Budidaya rumput laut banyak dilakukan untuk memenuhi dan meningkatkan produksinya, namun masih banyak kendala, sehingga hasil produksinya belum stabil. Hal ini dapat dilihat dengan pemberian nutrien yang diharapkan akan meningkatkan pertumbuhannya. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan kemampuan absorpsi Gracilaria sp. pada media yang mengandung Cu dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental laboratoris dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan penambahan konsentrasi Cu pada media pemeliharaan yang terdiri dari 4 tingkat yaitu kontrol (0,036 ppm, sesuai dengan konsentrasi Cu pada air laut), 0.5 ppm, 5 ppm, dan 50 ppm dengan 3 pengulangan. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa penambahan Cu dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda memiliki pengaruh nyata (p < 0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan dan kemampuan absorpsi pada Gracilaria sp. Pertumbuhan Gracilaria sp. tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan A (kontrol) dengan pertambahan berat sebesar 25,34 g dan laju petumbuhan spesifik (SGR) sebesar 0,43%. Nilai pertumbuhan mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR) yang didapatkan pada perlakuan B (0,5 ppm) sebesar -80,37 g dan -1,84% per hari, perlakuan C (5 ppm) sebesar -85,19 g dan -2,02% per hari, dan perlakuan D (50 ppm) sebesar -99,19 g dan -2,47% per hari. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi Cu yang diberikan maka pertumbuhan Gracilaria sp. akan semakin rendah. Seaweed cultivation is done to meet and improve its production, but there are still many obstacles, so its results are not yet stable. This can be seen with the awarding of the nutrients that will hopefully increase its growth. The goal of the research is to know the growth and absorption ability of Gracilaria SP. in medium containing different concentrations of Cu with. The method used is the method of experimental design of randomized Complete laboratories (RAL). Addition of Cu concentration on treatment of media maintenance which consists of 4 levels, namely control (0.036 ppm, according to the concentration of Cu in sea water), 0.5 ppm, 5 ppm and 50 ppm, with three repetitions. The results showed that the addition of Cu with a different concentration of real influence (p < 0.05) towards growth and the ability of absorption on Gracilaria sp. Highest growth of Gracilaria sp. was achieved on A treatment (control) and the increase of the weight of 25.34 g and specific growth rate (SGR) of 0.43%. The absolute growth rate and specific growth rate (SGR) obtained at the treatment B (0.5 ppm) of -80.37g and-1.84% per day, treatment C (5 ppm) of -85.19 g and -2.02% per day, and treatment D (50 ppm) for -99.19 g and -2.47% per day. The higher the concentration of Cu given, then the growth of Gracilaria sp. will be even lower.
NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Hastuti Nur 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT“Bumi Manusia” is a novel showing the mental turmoil of the characters situated between two cultures, two values, and two understandings. This novel successfully describes not only the cultural revolution in a colonized country but also an objection against the absolute supremacy of cultural and social value. The material object of this research is a novel entitled “Bumi Manusia” written by Pramudya Ananta Toer, with the formal object, that is, the description of social relationship between the Java and the European society, or otherwise between the bourgeois and the proletarian. This research adopts the literature sociology approach as the perspective study. Literature sociology is an approach focusing on the relationship between literature works and social values in the life of the author and readers. The discussion and result of this research are conflict, confrontation, as well as social relationship between the bourgeois and the proletarian. The European thought that they were in the highest level, because of being educated compared to the Javanese, so the Javanese had to believe whatever they said. On the other side, there were some natives of European descent who behaved humbly and treated the native in a good way although they had European blood and they were rich, one of them is Annelies. Minke, a blue-blooded native of Java, was able to get out of her ‘Javanese caterpillar’ to be an independent and free human. She, even, split her ‘European soul’ which she got from school, which became the symbol and ‘qiblah’ of knowledge and civilization at that time.
Descartes’s Conception of Mind Through the Prism of Imagination: Cartesian Substance Dualism Questioned
Authors: Gaudemard Lynda 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The aim of this article is to clarify an aspect of Descartes’s conception of mind that seriously impacts on the standard objections against Cartesian Dualism. By a close reading of Descartes’s writings on imagination, I argue that the capacity to imagine does not inhere as a mode in the mind itself, but only in the embodied mind, that is, a mind that is not united to the body does not possess the faculty to imagine. As a mode considered as a general property, and not as an instance of it, belongs to the essence of the substance, and as imagination (like sensation) arises from the mind-body union, then the problem arises of knowing to what extent a Cartesian embodied mind is separable from the body.
Kant, Epistemic Phenomenalism, and the Refutation of Idealism
Authors: Oberst Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper takes issue with the widespread view that Kant rejects epistemic phenomenalism. According to epistemic phenomenalism, only cognition of states of one’s own mind can be certain, while cognition of outer objects is necessarily uncertain. I argue that Kant does not reject this view, but accepts a modified version of it. For, in contrast to traditional skeptics, he distinguishes between two kinds of outer objects and holds that we have direct access to outer appearances in our mind; but he still considers objects outside our mind unknowable. This sheds new light on Kant’s refutation of idealism.
The Role of Imagination in Kierkegaard’s Account of Ethical Transformation
Authors: Kemp Ryan S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that Kierkegaard endorses a “grace model” of ethical transformation – that radical normative change is not a function of agent-choice, rational or otherwise. After showing how grace functions in Kierkegaard’s account of religious transformation, I go on to argue that he offers a parallel account in the case of ethical conversion, the latter drawing from a description of transformation detailed in Kierkegaard’sRepetition. There we find an example of ethical transformation that challenges received interpretations of the mechanics of Kierkegaard’s aesthetic-to-ethical transition. In the same way that God’s love is said to transform the heart of the Christian, Kierkegaard thinks that certain ethical encounters transform the desires and commitments of the aesthete.
Generating relations and multivariable Aleph-function
Authors: Ayant Frédéric , Kumar Dinesh 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Srivastava and Panda have studied
the simple and multiple generating relations concerning the multivariable H-function. The aim of this paper is to derive the various classes of simple and multiple generating relations involving the multivariable Aleph-function. The generating function is used in the theory of numbers, in physics and other fields of mathematics. We see the particular cases concerning the multivariable I-function, the Aleph-function of two variables and the I-function of two variables.
Dualisers in Aristotle’s Biology
Authors: Carraro Nicola 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Aristotle often claims that some animal kinds “dualise” between two opposite groups (e. g., terrestrial and aquatic, or biped and quadruped), i. e. that they belong “to both and to neither”. This claim is paradoxical since it appears to attribute incompatible features to the same kind. Some scholars have therefore suggested that, for Aristotle, dualisers are not an objective phenomenon, but rather a misleading appearance that depends of the ambiguity of terms like “aquatic”. Others have argued that Aristotle’s classifications contain overlaps because they are not meant to capture an essentialist hierarchy of kinds. I show that Aristotle sees dualisers as an objective feature of the world that does not depend on the ambiguity of our concepts, and that the passages on dualisers can be better understood on an essentialist (as opposed to a relativist) interpretation of classification. For Aristotle, dualisers belong “to both and to neither” of two opposite kinds because they belong to both in a spurious sense, but they are not full members of either.
After the Equilibrium: Democratic Innovations and Long-term Institutional Development in the City of Reykjavik
Authors: Adenskog Magnus 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAlthough democratic innovations (DIs) are spread all over the world, there is little research on the institutional outcomes of implementing such innovations in governmental organisations. To remedy this, it is important to focus on cases where DIs have been implemented and formally connected to the policymaking process over a longer period. Reykjavik provides such a case. Drawing on observations and interviews with key stakeholders over a period of three years, this study analyses how the institutional logic of DIs influenced the local government in Reykjavik. The study presents two conclusions: First, it is clear that one equilibrium (representative democracy) has not been replaced by another (participatory democracy). Second, there is no peaceful co-existence between the two, but instead the outcome is an organisation in ‘a state of flux’. There are several factors contributing to this outcome, but three stand out: a populist power-shift, dissatisfaction with theworking of the implemented DIs and deliberative ambiguity. In the final part of the article, the institutional outcome is discussed in relation to overall consequences for the political system.
Heading northward to Scandinavia: Undaria pinnatifida in the northern Wadden Sea
Authors: Schiller Jessica , Lackschewitz Dagmar , Buschbaum Christian , Reise Karsten , Pang Shaojun , Bischof Kai 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The kelp Undaria pinnatifida, native to East Asian shores, was unintentionally introduced with Pacific oysters into the Mediterranean in 1971. Intentional introduction from there to the French Atlantic coast 12 years later led to a gradual spread to the British Isles and the North Sea. Here, we report on the northernmost established population in continental Europe, and suggest a further spread into Scandinavian waters to be almost inevitable. In 2016, several thalli were found washed ashore at the eastern side of the island of Sylt in the northern Wadden Sea (German Bight, Eastern North Sea). Most specimens bore fertile sporophylls and thallus lengths of >1 m were common. In June 2017, 91 sporophytes were found attached to a mixed bed of Pacific oysters and native blue mussels, located just below low tide level in a moderately sheltered position. Mean thallus length was 0.2 m and the longest 0.7 m. Most had distinctive sporophylls and released spores in the laboratory. From sporophylls collected in the previous year, we successfully reared a new generation, demonstrating the kelp’s potential for further spread by natural means or human vectors.
Impact of blood cell counts and volumes on glucose concentration in uncentrifuged serum and lithium-heparin blood tubes
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Salvagno Gian Luca , Lampus Simona , Danese Elisa , Gelati Matteo , Bovo Chiara , Montagnana Martina , Simundic Ana-Maria 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background:
Although it is known that glucose concentration exhibits a time-dependent decay in uncentrifuged serum and lithium-heparin blood tubes, no evidence exists on how this variation may depend on blood cell counts (CBC) and volumes.

Methods:
Venous blood was drawn from 30 non fasting healthy volunteers into three serum and three lithium-heparin tubes. One serum and lithium-heparin tubes were centrifuged within 15 min after collection and glucose was measured with a hexokinase assay. The second and third serum and lithium-heparin tubes were maintained at room temperature for 1 and 2 h after the first tubes were centrifuged. These other tubes were then centrifuged and glucose was measured. CBC was performed in the first lithium-heparin tube, before centrifugation.

Results:
The mean decrease of glucose was higher in lithium-heparin plasma than in serum (0.33 vs. 0.24 mmol/L/h; p<0.001). Glucose concentration decreased by 7% and 5% per hour in lithium-heparin plasma and serum, respectively. In univariate analysis, the absolute decrease of glucose concentration was associated with sex (higher in men than in women), red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophils and monocytes in both lithium-heparin plasma and serum. In multivariate analysis, the decrease of glucose concentration remained independently associated with RBC, WBC, neutrophils and monocytes in both sample matrices. No significant association was found with platelet number and erythrocyte or platelet volume.

Conclusions:
Glucose concentration decrease in uncentrifuged lithium-heparin and serum tubes depends on the baseline number of RBC, WBC, neutrophils and monocytes within the tubes.
Anti-EGFL7 antibodies inhibit rat prolactinoma MMQ cells proliferation and PRL secretion
Authors: Liu Qian , Yuan Taoyang , Gao Hua , Gui Songbai , Zhang Yazhuo , Li Chuzhong 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Prolactinoma is the most frequently diagnosed pituitary tumors. Dopamine agonists (DAs) are recognized as first-line therapy; however, approximately 10% patients will develop resistance to DAs therapy. Consequently, a large number of investigations have been carried out to identify novel therapeutic targets. Recently, studies have suggested that epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) can promote tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. We previously reported that overexpression of EGFL7 might play a crucial role in hormone-producing pituitary adenomas. In the present study, we now demonstrated a significantly higher protein expression of EGFL7 in prolactinoma compared with the normal pituitary gland. However, inhibition of EGFL7 with anti-EGFL7 antibodies significantly reduced the proliferation and PRL secretion of rat prolactinoma MMQ cells. Notably, in vitro administration of anti-EGFL7 antibodies significantly induced MMQ cells apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, our finding suggests that EGFL7 is significantly overexpressed in prolactinoma and inhibition of EGFL7 with antibodies promoted MMQ cells apoptosis and inhibited PRL secretion. Thus, EGFL7 may serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for prolactinomas.
Convexity theorems for the gradient map on probability measures
Authors: Biliotti Leonardo , Raffero Alberto 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Given a Kähler manifold (Z, J, ω) and a compact real submanifold M ⊂ Z, we study the properties of the gradient map associated with the action of a noncompact real reductive Lie group G on the space of probability measures on M. In particular, we prove convexity results for such map when G is Abelian and we investigate how to extend them to the non-Abelian case.
Partially Fluorinated Ether as an Electrolyte Additive to Modify Electrode Surface and Suppress Dissolution of Polysulfides in Li-S Batteries
Authors: Qian Feng , Shao Jie , Chen Yu , Zhu Guobin , Qu Qunting , Zheng Honghe 
Published: July 2018

Abstract1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE), a kind of fluorinated ether, was used as an electrolyte additive for Li-S batteries. A compact, smooth, and homogenous surface layer was formed on lithium anode at the optimized amount of added TTE. In addition, TTE additive played a crucial role in modifying the composition of the passivation layer on the sulfur/carbon cathode. Consequently, the dissolution and shuttling of polysulfides were effectively prevented. The reversible capacity, initial coulombic efficiency, electrode reaction kinetic, and cycling stability of Li-S batteries were greatly improved.
Isolation and characterization of lignin from beech wood and chestnut sawdust for the preparation of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from wood industry side-streams
Authors: Zikeli Florian , Vinciguerra Vittorio , Taddei Anna Rita , D’Annibale Alessandro , Romagnoli Manuela , Scarascia Mugnozza Giuseppe 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Lignin was isolated through mild acidolysis from local wood sources such as beech wood and chestnut wood sawdust, a high-volume side product of wood industries. The lignin fractions were characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and two-dimensional heteronuclear single-quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance (2D HSQC NMR) spectroscopies and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The Klason lignin (KL) content and polysaccharide composition were determined using traditional methods. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were prepared via a non-solvent method involving dialysis and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopies. Semi-porous as well as hollow nanoparticles endowed with a spherical shape were observed. The large majority of the LNPs exhibited an average particle diameter of 90–120 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that both distribution and frequency of dimensional classes of LNPs are clearly affected by the lignin solvent system, i.e. solvent selection governs the size distribution of LNPs.
Dental fluorosis and associated risk factors in early adolescents in India
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Chauhan Astha , Kumar Arunoday , Kumar Siddharth , Gupta Anjali , Roy Sayak , Kumari Simran C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundDental fluorosis has a negative impact on the facial esthetics of adolescents and is a worldwide oral health concern.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and associated risk factors for dental fluorosis in early adolescents in India.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study carried out on 800 adolescent school children selected from the Jhabua and Dhar districts of Madhya Pradesh, India. The children were in the of 12–15-year age group. A total of eight schools from both Jhabua and Dhar districts were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire collected information on demographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and various risk factors for dental fluorosis. Water samples were collected from each zone and sent to a laboratory for water fluoride estimation. Dental fluorosis was assessed using the Dean index. Chi-squared (χ2) and logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsThe overall prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 40.5% in early adolescents. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 45% in the Jhabua district and 36% in the Dhar district. The water fluoride content was found to be the strongest predictor for dental fluorosis followed by the method of water storage.ConclusionDental fluorosis affects a large number of adolescents in both the Jhabua and Dhar districts of Madhya Pradesh. Effective policies focusing on oral health education and prevention of dental fluorosis need to be drafted.
Drying Performance and Product Quality of Sliced Carrots by Infrared Blanching Followed by Different Drying Methods
Authors: Wu Bengang , Pan Zhongli , Xu Baoguo , Bai Junwen , El-Mashad Hamed M. , Wang Bei , Zhou Cunshan , Ma Haile 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the processing parameters and quality of carrots under sequential infrared (IR) dry-blanching and (1) hot air drying (IRB-HAD), (2) infrared drying (IRB-IRD), and (3) Infrared-hot air drying (IRB-IRHAD). Water blanching at 90oC was used for comparison. The quality of dried carrot was evaluated based on vitamin C content, rehydration ratio, color, shrinkage and hardness. Applying IR dry-blanching for 15 min resulted in the reductions of about one log in peroxidase (POD) activities and 54 % in moisture reduction. A notable change in the surface color and retention of vitamin C were obtained with IR blanching. IRB-IRD and IRB-IRHAD had higher drying rates and higher quality. The recommended processing parameters for IRB-IRHAD are IR blanching for 15 min, followed by IR drying to a moisture content of 30–40 % wet basis (w.b.), and then finished by HA drying to a targeted MC (8 % w.b.).
Existence of Solutions to Boundary Value Problems for a Class of Nonlinear Difference Systems
Authors: Zhou Tao , Liu Xia , Shi Haiping 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This paper is devoted to investigate a question of the existence of solutions to boundary value problems for a class of nonlinear difference systems. The proof is based on the notable mountain pass lemma in combination with variational technique. By using the critical point theory, some new existence criteria are obtained.
Analyzing morphology-related strategies in Spanish L2 lexical inferencing: how do suffixes matter?
Authors: Marcos Miguel Nausica 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntraword awareness, i. e., of affixes and stems, helps L2 learners in inferring the meaning of unknown words. Learners draw inferences relying on suffixes, prefixes and stems since each element can independently contribute to comprehension. This study analyzes morphology-related strategies in inferencing and focuses on the contribution of suffixes for adult L1 English-speaking learners of Spanish. Differences among suffixes (i. e., transparency, biuniqueness, explicitness of instruction, and cognateness) are taken into account. In a cross-sectional design with learners (n=209) of different proficiency levels (from 2 to 7 semesters of university study), intraword awareness was analyzed by means of two metalinguistic tasks. Participants of all proficiency levels relied on morphology-related strategies, with an increase of proficiency accompanied by an increase in strategy use. As for suffixes, instruction andcognatenessmattered more than frequency in guiding students to successful inferencing. Nevertheless, knowledge of suffixes was still limited for the most advanced learners.