bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of File Security with Three-Pass Protocol Scheme Using Massey-Omura Algorithm In Android
Authors: Rachmawati Dian , Andri Budiman Mohammad , Adib Rikzan M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Today’s data transactions using the android device is commonly done anytime. Cryptography is needed to secure data to be transmitted to ensure data security from the manipulation of others. To secure the data, one of cryptography scheme is Three-Pass Protocol, this scheme allows data transmission without key exchange, so this scheme is more secure and efficient. A Massey-Omura algorithm is an asymmetric key cryptography system that will be used in this research. For primality testing in key and prime number generator, the Agrawal-Biswas algorithm will be used. The strength of Massey-Omura is the difficulty of calculating enormous discrete logarithmic and Three-Pass Protocol with his no key exchange capabilities make this method more secure. In this research, the Mean Squared Error value obtained is 0 and the value of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio obtained is infinite. The complexity of the Massey-Omura algorithm and the Agrawal-Biswas algorithm is Θ (n). Graph of file extension against processing time shows a stable graph that means file extension is not affecting processing time. Graph of file size against processing time shows a linear graph that means a processing time would increase along with file size.
The implementation of trithemius algorithm and modified least significant bit (mlsb) blue channel for bitmap image security
Authors: Hardi S M , Rachmawati D , Wulandari A , Jaya I , Tarigan J T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the delivery of information confidentiality message is one of the things that are very important, because the image data is very span to the actions of computer crimes such as modified or stolen. The combination of cryptography and steganography can be one solution to prevent such crime. Here the author uses the Trithemius algorithm. Trithemius algorithm is a symmetric algorithm that has advantages that is in the process of encryption or decryption of symmetric cryptography takes a short time and key size relatively shorter. While the weakness is the key must be changed frequently, every time implementing communication for the security of the message so that the authors combine with steganography technique that is Modified Least Significant Bit (MLSB), so that messages will be inserted not visible clearly or visible. In this research, the message or image file will be sent is first encrypted with Trithemius cryptography algorithm, then encryption result will be hidden in an image file with bitmap format using Blue Channel MLSB steganography method. Then do the process of extraction of messages for further decryption to return to the original message as before.
Analysis on Combination of Watermarking Algorithm: Modified Least Significant Bit Algorithm with Least Significant Bit+1
Authors: Lubis R R A , Hardi S M , Zarlis M , Jaya I , Tarigan J T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To protect someone’s copyright on digital media such as digital image, watermarking technique can be used, which is a technique to insert copyright marks into digital media. The algorithms that commonly used in the watermark insertion is the Least Significant Bit (LSB). But there is deficiency in LSB algorithm. LSB algorithm requires one byte image pixel to insert one bit watermark. The more byte pixels are inserted, the higher the difference between watermarked image with the original image. Embedded watermark can also easily be known because it is definitely placed on the LSB bits of the pixel image. From these problems, in this research we analyze the combination of two watermarking algorithms: Modified Least Significant Bit (MLSB) with Least Significant Bit (LSB+1). MLSB have the advantage in compressing the watermark to be inserted from eight bit/character into five bit/character. LSB+1 algorithm will cover the deficiency of MLSB algorithm, which the location of the watermark bit is easy to be discovered. Added in this research, the watermark bit had inserted in random image pixel. The Combined algorithm tested by using five image that have different sizes and dimensions, which each of the image inserted by text watermark that have different length. The purpose is to find the value of these three comparison parameters: Mean Squared Error value (MSE), the size of the result image and processing time. It concluded that for the three parameters, the combined algorithm of MLSB-LSB+1 have done better than the LSB+1algorithm but slightly worse than the MLSB algorithm. This happens due to MLSBLSB+1 besides inheriting the advantages of each algorithm, also inherited deficiency of the LSB+1 algorithm which is because of the insertion is in the one bit before the least significant bit of the image pixel, the value of the pixel is greater for two point(in decimal).
Scientific Documents Classification Using Support Vector Machine Algorithm
Authors: Jaya I , Aulia I , Hardi S M , Tarigan J T , Lydia M S , Caroline  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
One of the ways to publish scientific paper is to present it in a conference. Before being presented in the conference, the registered scientific paper has to be grouped into categories. Because there are so many scientific papers that have been registered, it is an urgent need to establish a system that can automatically identify the topic of scientific papers and classify them according to recognized topics. One method that can be used to organize documents according to their categories is classification. In this study, Support Vector Machine algorithm is used as a method to classify documents into 5 categories of computer science. System test is done by taking 150 documents as data sample and 50 documents as data testing. This study produced a classification system of scientific documents and showed the method used was able to classify documents with 90% accuracy results.
Comparative Analysis of Backpropagation With Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) to Predict Rainfall in Medan City
Authors: Mahrina T , Hardi S M , Tarigan J T , Jaya I , Ramli Marwan , Tulus  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Rainfall is a very important factor in agriculture and development planning. This study aims to predict rainfall and rainfall properties in Medan using a multilayer neural network with Backpropagation and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) algorithms. Rainfall data used for training is rainfall data for the last 30 years. The parameters used in this study consisted of two inputs namely the month and the volume of rainfall. The training process produces the best architecture with 3 layer three for Backpropagation and two layers for Learning Vector Quantization with learning rate 0.5. From the prediction results obtained Backpropagation algorithm more accurate in predicting rainfall data last 30 years compared with LVQ with an average difference of 21.99%. Backpropagation and LVQ algorithms have better accuracy in the dry season, with accuracy for Backpropagation algorithm between 75 - 99% and LVQ algorithm of 60 - 82%. For both algorithms, the influence of El-Nino and La-Nina phenomena is not so significant.
Comparing the Performance of Reverse Colussi and Raita in Finding Indonesian Text
Authors: Timanta Tarigan Jos , Fajar Rahmat , Sharif Amer 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The availability of various string-matching algorithm raises the concern of finding the one with the best performance. With the growth of digital content, especially a text-based content, using an optimal algorithm is crucial to decrease the cost of performing a task. There are numerous studies using a specific content to evaluate the performance of ones algorithm. In this paper, we chose two commonly used string-matching algorithm; Reverse Colussi and Raita and compare the performance of these algorithm in finding text in Indonesian language. We specifically use Indonesian songs lyrics as our samples. To perform the test, we build and text-based song finder Android application. Our test result shows that Raita outperformed Reverse Colussi in most of the cases. This finding is due to the requirement of Reverse Colusi algoritm to have pre-processing step before performing the search.
3D ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) Modelling and Implementation into Mixed Reality Environment
Authors: Syahputra M F , Ezzay S , Rahmat R F , Purnamawati S , Lydia M S , Andayani U , Zahara D , Arfiza M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Otolaryngology is a medical science that focuses on the problems of the ears, nose and throat. Otolaryngologists in their roles are people who have been trained in medicine and surgery (surgery) in the ENT department. To get maximum results, a good practice is needed from the beginning to the end of the examination. 3D digital model is one of the services to facilitate pupils in choosing the desired education method. 3D Object is a depiction of an object that is equipped with a perception of space. 3D Object is an object that is designed and drawn the length, width, and height (x, y, z axis) of the object so that it looks more real. The result showed that each organ was detected by displaying a 3-dimensional object in accordance with the original object. Mixed reality is a technique to merge a virtual simulation and real-world environment. 3D digital model in mixed reality technology is one way to make the ENT learning more attractive. With the existence of a 3D digital models in mixed reality environment, it will be easier for pupils and the surgeons to perform a maximum organ learning.
Implementation of Augmented Reality in Pretend Play Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Syahputra M F , Angkasih A P , Purnamawati S , Andayani U , Abdullah D , Sriadhi S , Iskandar A , Rosida T M , Fitriany J , Sari I N , Utama M D , Nanuru R F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a pervasive developmental disorder that will affect children in terms of interpersonal communication, social interaction, and imaginative levels in play. Many therapies to help the motor neuron performance is one of them Pretend Play. Pretend Play is a therapy that invites children in playing to demonstrate something else and tell how to use objects that are considered in the child’s imagination. However, in the era of highly developed technology, many fields have used the Augmented Reality method as a visualization of various aspects. With this method researchers will present the therapeutic visualization of the block to 3D transportation tool that is useful for strengthening motor nerves and visual strength of the child. The system can run well during marker detection, marker movement, and 3D object display with the accuracy of precision angle and distance between virtual world with real world reach 100% with angle 0 at distance 31 cm and the maximum distance from the marker is 46 cm and the maximum angle is 30˚.
Comparative Analysis Run-Length Encoding Algorithm and Fibonacci Code Algorithm on Image Compression
Authors: Hardi S M , Angga B , Lydia M S , Jaya I , Tarigan J T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Compression purpose to reduce the redundancy data as small as possible and speed up the data transmission process. To solve the size problem in saving data and transmission process, we use Run Length Encoding and Fibonacci Code algorithm to do compression process. Run Length Encoding and Fibonacci Code algorithm is a type of lossless data compression used in this research, which performance will be measured by comparison parameters of the Compression Ratio (CR), Redundancy (RD), Space Saving (SS) and Compression Time. The compression process is only done on image files with Bitmap format (*.bmp) and encode using Run Length Encoding or Fibonacci Code, then perform the compression process. The final result of the compression is file with extension *.rle or *.fib which contains compressed information that can be decompressed back. The output of the decompression result is an original image file that is stored with *.bmp extension. Fibonacci algorithm will give a better compressed size on image color, while in a grayscale image Run Length Encoding will give a better compressed size. Based on the results of research at two different types of images, each algorithm has its own advantages. Fibonacci Code algorithm is better for color image compression while Run-Length algorithm Encoding is better for grayscale image compression.
Data
Authors: Nasution Mahyuddin K M , Aulia Indra , Elveny Marischa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Towards understanding the big data conceptually, it is necessary to understand data entirely. Understanding of data is not only directly related to the relationship between the sample and the population, but also to determine the form of approach and the process used. This is based on data dimensions that require in-depth consideration to be able to be the useful information in decision making, and become the helpful knowledge in the direction of policy in the Industry 4.0 era. Therefore this paper is built to briefly describe data.
RETRACTED: A semantic interpretations of citation as assumptions
Authors: Nasution Mahyuddin K M , Elveny Marischa , Aulia Indra 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Citation is specifically a problem in the world of publication after being used as a benchmark for ranking the writing quality, or indirectly ranking the author. This paper aims to reveal some of the assumptions interpreted from several data sets about citations, especially self-citations. Self-citation becomes a special problem when it becomes a measure for the performance of countries, journals, institutions, and authors. So far, there are links between assumptions about self-citation for the country, journal, and author.
Effective sup-norm bounds on average for cusp forms of even weight
Authors: Friedman J. , Jorgenson J. , Kramer J. 
Published: July 2019

Let

Γ
⊂

P
S
L

2

(

R

)

\Gamma \subset \mathrm {PSL}_{2}(\mathbb {R})

be a Fuchsian subgroup of the first kind acting on the upper half-plane

H

\mathbb {H}

. Consider the

d

2
k

d_{2k}

-dimensional space of cusp forms

S

2
k

Γ

\mathcal {S}_{2k}^{\Gamma }

of weight

2
k

2k

for

Γ
\Gamma

, and let

{

f

1

,
…
,

f

d

2
k

}

\{f_{1},\ldots ,f_{d_{2k}}\}

be an orthonormal basis of

S

2
k

Γ

\mathcal {S}_{2k}^{\Gamma }

with respect to the Petersson inner product. In this paper, we will give effective upper and lower bounds for the supremum of the quantity

S

2
k

Γ

(
z
)
:=

∑

j
=
1

d

2
k

|

f

j

(
z
)

|

2

I
m

(
z

)

2
k

S_{2k}^{\Gamma }(z):=\sum _{j=1}^{d_{2k}}\vert f_{j}(z)\vert ^{2}\,\mathrm {Im}(z)^{2k}

as

z
z

ranges through

H

\mathbb {H}

.
The heavy burden of female reproduction. A commentary on: ‘Time for a change: patterns of sex expression, health and mortality in a sex-changing tree’
Authors: Pannell John R 
Published: July 2019

This article comments on:
Jennifer Blake-Mahmud and Lena Struwe. 2019. Time for a change: patterns of sex expression, health and mortality in a sex-changing tree. Annals of Botany124(3): 367–377.
The evolution of vocal duets and migration in New World warblers (Parulidae)
Authors: Mitchell Liam R , Benedict Lauryn , Cavar Jakica , Najar Nadje , Logue David M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVocal duets occur when 2 individuals vocalize in temporal coordination. In birds, duet participation functions to cooperatively defend shared resources, localize mates, and in some species, guard the mate. Previous work indicates that duetting tends to co-evolve with a non-migratory lifestyle, probably because the absence of migration facilitates greater cooperation between mates. We examined the evolution of duetting and migration in New World warblers (Parulidae), a group that has been largely ignored by duetting research. Of the 95 species in our analysis, we found evidence of duetting in 19 (20%) species, and evidence of migration in 45 (47.4%) species. Ancestral character reconstruction indicated that the last common ancestor of the New World warblers did not duet. Duetting evolved multiple times in this group, including 2 early origins and several more recent origins. Migration was present in the last common ancestor and was lost several times. Both duetting and migration exhibit phylogenetic signal. A phylogenetically explicit correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between duetting and migration, in keeping with findings from other avian taxa. This study, the first description of the evolution of duetting in a large avian family with a temperate-zone origin, supports the hypothesis that duetting co-evolves with a sedentary natural history in birds.
Polio, AIDS, and Ebola: A Recurrent Ethical Dilemma
Authors: Kazanjian Powel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
During the 2014 West African outbreak, a dilemma emerged about the ethics of conducting randomized placebo-controlled trials in the midst of a rapidly spreading, devastating epidemic for which there was no effective treatment. The dilemma has in fact has deep historic roots; it has appeared in several previous fearsome epidemics—during the poliomyelitis epidemic in the 1930s–1950s, and again during the AIDS epidemic in the1980s–1990s. Moreover, ethical and social questions characterizing each of these epidemics—the increased risks of withholding potentially life-saving drugs for people assigned to a control arm and the damaging effect on eroding community trust—were conceptualized beforehand in the 1925 novel Arrowsmith. A historical analysis both reaffirms that rigorous placebo-controlled trials remain indispensable tools in epidemic settings and also provides guidance on how to approach the ethical and social issues that will likely arise when these trials are carried out in future epidemic emergencies.
Exclusion of Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) from recreational beaches using canid harassment
Authors: Jordan Dustin W , Kane Michelle E , Gehring Thomas M , Sokol Rebeccah L , Alm Elizabeth W 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRing-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) populations have dramatically increased throughout their geographic range with the largest concentrations in the Great Lakes region of Canada and the United States. Large populations of gulls cause conflict with humans at recreational beaches, where their effects on human health and safety include bacteria contamination from gull feces. We used border collies to harass and exclude gulls from beaches in summer 2012 and 2013, then measured gull numbers and Escherichia coli. Dogs were effective at reducing gull numbers by 56–76% during continuous and noncontinuous dog treatment periods. Levels of E. coli were lower on dog-treated beaches, but only during the first half of the summer. Mixed modeling analysis showed presence of dogs was a strong predictor of gull numbers and E. coli levels, with variation among dogs, possibly related to age. Noncontinuous use of dogs, applied within an integrated beach management framework, can provide a nonlethal method for reducing gull use and E. coli levels at recreational beaches.
Evaluation of genetic change from translocation among Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus) populations
Authors: Zimmerman Shawna J , Aldridge Cameron L , Apa Anthony D , Oyler-McCance Sara J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaintenance of genetic diversity is important for conserving species, especially those with fragmented habitats or ranges. In the absence of natural dispersal, translocation can be used to achieve this goal, although the success of translocation can be difficult to measure. Here we evaluate genetic change following translocation in Gunnison Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus minimus), a species reduced to 7 discrete populations with low levels of gene flow and high levels of genetic differentiation. Between 2000 and 2014, 306 birds from the largest and most genetically diverse population (Gunnison Basin) were translocated to 5 much smaller satellite populations to augment local population size and increase genetic diversity. Although the magnitude of the effect varied by population, we found evidence of increased genetic variation, decreased genetic differentiation from Gunnison Basin, and reproduction between translocated individuals and resident birds. These results suggest that translocations are impacting satellite populations, with current data providing a new baseline for genetic diversity among populations of this imperiled species.
Reconstructing Greater Sage-Grouse chick diets: Diet selection, body condition, and food availability at brood-rearing sites
Authors: Smith Kurt T , Pratt Aaron C , LeVan Jason R , Rhea Ashleigh M , Beck Jeffrey L 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTGrowth and survival of juvenile birds is nutritionally demanding, making the availability of major foods critical to population productivity. Access to nutritious foods for juveniles has important implications because poor foraging conditions during development could result in mortality, or reduced fitness in adulthood. Selection of brood-rearing habitats by female Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) thus has broad implications to survival of juveniles and persistence of populations. Previous research using crop contents demonstrated that invertebrates and forbs comprise the major portion of sage-grouse chick diets for the first few months post-hatch. We coupled stable isotope analysis of feathers and field measurements to quantify chick diet and then correlated that with measures of chick body condition. We sought to reconstruct sage-grouse chick dietary history (2013–2015) using nitrogen stable isotopes to (1) evaluate whether selection of brood-rearing habitats by female sage-grouse was related to chick diet, and (2) assess the relationship between dietary consumption and body condition. Brood-rearing females selected habitats in areas where diet resources occurred in proportion to their availability, with the exception that females selected areas with greater forb abundance 4 weeks after hatch. Diet assimilation by chicks at brood-rearing locations was unrelated to the availability of forbs and invertebrates, but consumption of forbs increased with chick age. Chicks that assimilated proportionally greater amounts of plant-derived nitrogen in their feathers during their first week of life tended to weigh more and have longer wing chords. This relationship was similar between male and female chicks. The importance of quality foods for sage-grouse is well recognized and conservation efforts should aim to maintain functioning sagebrush ecosystems containing adequate brood-rearing habitats for juvenile sage-grouse; there remains a need to identify whether desirable effects are achievable when attempting to improve big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) habitats to benefit sage-grouse populations.