bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formulation and evaluation of almotriptan controlled release pellets
Authors: Ramesh Yerikala , Kaki Rohan Abhilash , Koorapati Balasaradhi , Sudarsanam P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Almotriptan pellets. Almotriptan controlled release pellets were prepared by Solution layering technique by using croscarmellose and povidone in former case and three different polymers HPMC K 100, Ethyl cellulose and Eudragit RS 100 as rate controlling polymer in three different ratios like 1:1, 1:1.5 and 1:2 to achieve desired release in later case. Evaluation was performed according to the Pharmacopoeia standards including Drug excipients compatibility, Percentage yield, Particle size distribution, Drug content analysis and in-vitro release study. The best results were found to be using Almotriptan and Eudragit RS 100 in 1:2 ratios. A broad variety of drug release pattern could be achieved by variation of polymers ratios which was optimized to match the target release profile. In comparison of in-vitro release studies for different controlled release formulations, F9 releases 98.54% of drug at the end of 12th hour and was considered as best formulation. Stability study has shown no significant change in the drug content analysis and in-vitro dissolution study of best formulation even after 6 months.
Keywords: Almotriptan, Controlled release, Dissolution profile, in-vitro drug release, Stability studies.
Active targeting of nanoparticles: An innovative technology for drug delivery in cancer therapeutics
Authors: Jani Rupalben Kaushalkumar , Krupa Gohil 
Published: February 2019

In nanomedicines, currently a wide array of reported nanoparticle systems is being explored by targeting schemes which suggests great potential of targeted delivery to revolutionize cancer therapeutics. This review gives insight into recent challenges in modification of nanoparticle systems for enhanced cancer therapy acknowledged by researchers to date and also outlines different major targeting strategies of nanoparticle systems that have been utilized for the delivery of therapeutics or imaging agents, targeting ligand and cross-linking agent to cancer which was divided into three sections: 1) Angiogenesis associated targeting, 2) Uncontrolled cell proliferation targeting and 3) Tumor cell targeting.
Keywords: nanoparticles, tumor cells, active targeting, targeting strategies, targeting ligands
Oral dissolving films: an effective tool for fast therapeutic action
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Satya Yagnesh T. Naga 
Published: February 2019

The oral route is most familiar route as it has low cost of therapy and helps in the ease of administration of therapeutic agents which lead to high levels of patient compliance. The most known oral solid dosage forms are tablets and capsules. Many patients’ particularly pediatric and geriatric patients find it difficult to swallow tablets and hard gelatin capsules and do not take their medicines as prescribed. Difficulty in swallowing or dysphagia is identified to afflict nearly 35% of the general population. To reduce these difficulties, the growth of several fast dissolving drug delivery systems has been produced. Oral dissolving film is relatively a new dosage form in which thin film is prepared using hydrophilic polymers, which rapidly dissolves on tongue or buccal cavity. The film overcomes the danger/fear of choking. An ideal film should have the characteristics like pleasant taste, high stability, ease of handling and administration, no water necessary for administration. The present review focuses on hydrophilic polymers, plasticizers, sweeteners, flavors and colors etc which are used in the formulation of oral dissolving films including the manufacturing aspects of oral dissolving film like solvent casting method, rolling method, extrusion method and solid dispersion method and evaluation parameters like disintegration, dissolution, tensile strength, thickness, folding endurance, elastic modulus for oral dissolving films.
The era of pharmacovigilance and the need of pharmacovigilance in psychiatry: A review
Authors: Dharman Dhanya , Krishnan Parimala , Ravikumar K G , Dharan Shaiju S 
Published: February 2019

According to WHO, Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined as “any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modifications of physiological function”. Adverse drug reactions occur almost daily in every health care institution and can adversely affect a patient’s quality of life (QOL), often causing considerable morbidity and mortality. With the setting up of the Pharmacovigilance Program in India, it is important for all psychiatrists, pharmacist and nurses to familiarize themselves with the key principles of this science, and to apply the principle of Pharmacovigilance for the welfare of our patients and the entire health care community.
Keywords: Adverse drug reaction (ADR), prophylaxis, diagnosis, patient’s quality of life (QOL)
An appraisal of Unani fundamentals in the management of Humma (fever)
Authors: AKHTAR MD. WASI WASI , Naseer Mursaleen 
Published: February 2019

The fever has been described in Unani System of Medicine in a very elaborative manner. Besides controlling raised body temperature, the management also comprises other measures to achieve holistic treatment. The basic modes of treatment viz. Ilaj bil Ghiza (dietotherapy), Ilaj bil Tadbeer (regimenal therapy) and Ilaj bil Dawa (pharmacotherapy) are taken into account as per the basic principles of treatment in Unani medicine. Use of cold water and other drinks (mashroob) reduces body temperature, while use of easily digestible and jayyadul kemoos diet like maul asl, ma’ul shaeer, kashak-us-shaeer, aash-e-jau etc. are given in small amounts, just to provide strength to tabiát and to avoid further increase in morbid matter. Various types of drug used to manage different kinds of fever are Dafe Humma, Muarriqat, Musaffiyat wa Muaddilat, Mubarridat wa Musakkinat, Mudirrat, Muqawwi Kabid and Mufarrehat.
Keywords: Humma, Fever, Unani, Management, Basic Principles
Secular TRends in DiabEtes in India (STRiDE–I): Change in Prevalence in 10 Years Among Urban and Rural Populations in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Nanditha Arun , Snehalatha Chamukuttan , Satheesh Krishnamoorthy , Susairaj Priscilla , Simon Mary , Vijaya Lakshminarayanan , Raghavan Arun , Vinitha Ramachandran , Ramachandran Ambady 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
The objective of the current study was to assess the secular trends in the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and risk factors from two epidemiological surveys done 10 years apart in three adult populations of different geographic and socioeconomic backgrounds in Tamil Nadu, India.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This survey was conducted in 2016 using methodology similar to that used in 2006. Persons aged ≥20 years (n = 9,848) were screened for diabetes, prediabetes, and the risk variables. Fasting and 2-h plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometry, and socioeconomic and behavioral details were recorded. Comparative analyses of age-standardized prevalence were done. Prevalence ratios (PRs) between 2016 and 2006 of diabetes and also prediabetes were assessed using Poisson regression analyses.

RESULTS
Prevalence of diabetes increased from 18.6% (95% CI 16.6–20.5) to 21.9 (20.5–23.3) in the city, 16.4 (14.1–18.6) to 20.3 (18.9–21.6) in the town, and 9.2 (8.0–10.5) to 13.4 (11.9–14.8) in the periurban villages (PUVs) (P &lt; 0.0001 in all). The PR showed a nonsignificant 8% rise in diabetes in the city, while significant increases had occurred in the town (39%) and PUVs (34%). Prevalence of prediabetes also increased. Age, family history of diabetes, and waist circumference were common risk determinants among the populations. Though general obesity and abdominal obesity increased, the latter was associated with the increased prevalence.

CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes increased in all locations; the rise was significant only in the town and PUVs. Abdominal obesity is significantly associated with increased trend even among the villagers. Rural populations may be targeted for future public health measures to combat diabetes.
DAYA TARIK DAN DAYA DORONG PERKEMBANGAN WILAYAH TERHADAP PERSEBARAN PEMANFAATAN LAHAN KOTA SINJAI KABUPATEN SINJAI
Authors: Hakim Didiet Haryadi , Barkey Roland A. , Wikantari Ria 
Published: February 2019

Bertambahnya penduduk akan selalu diikuti oleh bertambahnya bangunan-bangunan permukiman maupun bukan permukiman di wilayah Kota Kabupaten Sinjai sehingga mengakibatkan adanya persebaran pemanfaatan lahan yang tidak terarah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menganalisis persebaran pemanfaatan lahan
Perkotaan Sinjai (2) Mengidentifikasi faktor yang menarik dan mendorong terjadinya migrasi penduduk Perkotaan Sinjai dan (3) Mengusulkan arahan pemanfaatan lahan Perkotaan Sinjai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode analisis pembobotan sesuai dengan hasil kuisioner dan mengakses data dari instansi terkait. Data diolah menggunakan alat analisis pengelolaan citra
digital (Digital Image Processing) yaitu teknik analisis (manipulasi dan interpretasi) data digital dengan bantuan komputer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kondisi perkembangan Kota Kabupaten Sinjai dipengaruhi oleh aspek perkembangan permukiman, perdagangan, pendidikan dan kesehatan, Faktor Pendorong (push factor) terjadinya urbanisasi di Kota Kabupaten Sinjai adalah keterbatasan lapangan kerja, rendahnya pendapatan di daerah asal,
keamanan, sarana kesehatan yang tidak lengkap dan pelayanan pendidikan yang tidak sesuai harapan. Faktor penarik (pull factors) terjadinya urbanisasi adalah faktor ekonomi yaitu tingginya pendapatan apabila bekerja di Kota Kabupaten Sinjai, tersedianya sarana pendidikan dan sarana kesehatan yang lengkap, dan faktor
aksesibilitas yaitu transportasi yang murah dan mudah, kemudian mengetahui arahan pemanfaatan lahan Kota Sinjai.
„Selbstbericht“ Ulrich Stutz
Authors: Waldhoff Christian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
„Selfdescription“ Ulrich Stutz. Ulrich Stutz closed his „selfdiscription“ in May 1934 and handed it to the library of the University of Basel with the remark „strictly confidential during the lifetime of the author“. It has been quoted very rarely and is published here for the first time. Ulrich Stutz is not only the founder of the history of canon law, but he was also for a long time its spiritus rector. The „selfdiscription“ is preceded by brief remarks on the life and work of this great scholar.
The Effort of Immigrant for Survival in a New Country, Study Case: Russia
Authors: Umagapi Juniar Laraswanda 
Published: February 2019

In this essay presents a critical understanding about immigrant way of living in a new country. Russia as a country with the big geographical aspect that also become a house for immigrant have their own special way to handle the immigrant. How the immigrant can socialize with the new environment and the issue facing for them as the newcomer in one society, how they get a proper job and how the culture difference influences their daily life will get analysed in this paper. This research is conducted in Russia and use a qualitative research method such as interviewing, data analysis, graph, table, book, journal, article, newspaper and news to answer the research question. This research will give the contribution how the issue of immigrant influences the life of native people, how they contribute to the society and how the Russian government policy dealt with the negative stereotype about immigrant in Russia then how we would help immigrants thrive, these are the question that this research will help to answer. Keywords: Immigrant, Russia, culture difference, thrive, Russian government
Eliminating Violence against Women in Pacific through Multi-Track Diplomacy
Authors: Putri Sherly Mega , Satya Dewi Elisabeth Adyiningtyas 
Published: February 2019

Humanitarian issue that often raised as a problem for developing countries, is often likely linked to gender issue. Having labeled as a region with the highest violence data prevalence, Pacific Islands countries possess assorted factors that tolerates the practice of gender dominance and discrimination amongst their societies. Responding this phenomenon, the governments in Pacific Islands countries are oftentimes receiving assistance from other international relations actors, in which one of them is UN Women. With the support from Australian government, this UN body assist numerous institutions from various level in making the effort to eliminate violence against women as the most protrude form of gender based discrimination in Pacific. Involvement of other parties from diverse groups indicates the relations between actors of Multi-Track Diplomacy with the program initiated by UN Women. Using theory of Multi-Track Diplomacy and concept of Gender-Based Violence, this research identifies the participation and contribution made by a total of nine tracks in responding to violence against women issue in the Pacific. Such response itself is one of the world peace endeavors, which is also the ultimate purpose of Multi-Track Diplomacy. Result of this response shaped in their participation and contribution within variety of programs under Pacific Fund. Keywords: Pacific, gender equality, foreign aids, Multi-Track Diplomacy, peacemaking.
Identifikasi Hazard dari Hasil Data Free Span pada Jalur Pipa Bawah Laut Lapangan Bekapai Menggunakan Data Multibeam Echosounder dan Side Scan Sonar
Authors: Ravenska Muhammad Biana , Cahya Perbani Ni Made Rai Ratih 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRAKLapangan Bekapai merupakan salah satu lapangan minyak yang memproduksi dan mendistribusikan minyak dan gas alam lewat pipa bawah laut. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan inspeksi secara berkala untuk meminimalkan terjadinya hazard baik yang berasal dari proses instalasi maupun dari proses operasi, di antaranya berupa free span. Penelitian ini menggunakan data multibeam echosounder (MBES) untuk mendapatkan data panjang dan posisi free span, sedangkan data side scan sonar (SSS) untuk interpretasi objek pipa dan perkiraan tinggi free span. Profil yang dibangun dari data MBES digunakan untuk memastikan adanya cekungan pada lokasi free span yang terdeteksi. Kriteria identifikasi hazard berupa free span pada jalur pipa bawah laut menggunakan DNV RP F-105 dengan panjang dan tinggi maksimum yang diperbolehkan adalah 14 meter dan 0,6 meter. Free span maksimum yang terdeteksi di lokasi penelitian memiliki panjang 9,2 meter dan tinggi 0,24 meter, yang masih dikategorikan aman atau tidak terjadi hazard pada pipa bawah laut di lokasi penelitian.Kata kunci: free span, multibeam echosounder, side scan sonar ABSTRACTBekapai Field has been known as one of the oil fields which produce and transport oil and natural gas through the subsea pipelines. It becomes so important to inspect periodically for minimizing the coming out of hazards, either during installation or operation process. One of the hazards is a free span. This research uses multibeam echosounder (MBES) data to specify the length and the position of free span, while side scan sonar (SSS) data is used to interpret the object of pipeline and to estimate the height of free span. Profiles that are builded from MBES data are used to ascertain the existence of a basin under the detected free span. DNV RP F-105 as the criteria of hazard identification for free span requires the maximum of length and height be allowed are 14 meters and 0.16 meters. The maximum free span detected at the research area has 9.2 meters length and 0.24 meters height, thus it can be stated as a safe condition category or there is no subsea pipelines hazards at the research area.Keywords: free span, multibeam echosounder, side scan sonar
Ways of enhancement of the surgical treatment efficacy in treatment of patients, suffering pulmonary tumors
Authors: Boyko V. V. , Kritsak V. V. , Krasnoiaruzhskyi A. G. , Groma V. G. , Minukhin D. V. , Yevtushenko D. O. 
Published: February 2019

Objective. Efficacy of endoscopic bronchosanation for prophylaxis of preoperative and postoperative complications in patients with pulmonary tumors.
Маterials and methods. There was studied the efficacy of endoscopic photodynamic therapy in accordance to procedure, elaborated by the authors, including injection of the water solution of a methylene blue dye in concentration 0.04% into tracheobronchial tree, irradiated by laser with the wave length 0.63 mcm, independently and in conjunction with a standard anti-inflammatory therapy as preoperative preparation of tracheobronchial tree in patients, suffering pulmonary cancer. In the investigation 181 patients were included, suffering pulmonary cancer Stages II-III, morphologically confirmed, and with coexistent endobronchitis.
Results. In accordance to analysis of the pathogenic microflora titer and character in lumen of bronchial tree after preoperative preparation there was established, that while application of independent endoscopic bronchosanation in 55 (87%) observations the pathogenic microflora was absent. While combination of photodynamical bronchosanation in accordance to standard therapy a pathogenic microflora was not revealed in 52 patients. While conduction of a standard preparation without application of a laser therapy microflora was not revealed only in 44.8% observations. Together with the bronchial mucosa metaplasia in some investigated patients the dysplastic changes of bronchial epithelium of various severity degree were registered. Independent endoscopic bronchosanation have leaded to trustworthy lowering of a general rate of the bronchial epithelial dysplasia in the patients tо 36.1%, together with standard anti-inflammatory therapy - tо 42.4%.
Conclusion. Application of endoscopic photodynamic bronchosanation in accordance to the proposed procedure in preoperative period in the patients with objective to correct a concomitant endobronchitis, as independent option or together with standard anti-inflammatory therapy, leads to reduction of the endobronchial complications rate after operative treatment for pulmonary cancer, comparing with a control group. Еndoscopic bronchosanation is accompanied by significant lowering of severity of endoscopic signs of coexistent endobronchitits and improvement of mucociliary transport. In accordance to microbiological tests in 87 - 88% of patients a complete sanation of bronchial tree and elimination of main histological criteria of inflammation were noted, while in 67.2 - 100% patients – restoration of normal structure of the bronchial tree mucosa.
Хірургічне лікування поєднаної патології анального каналу і прямої кишки з використанням сучасних високочастотних електрохірургічних та радіохірургічних апаратів
Authors: Zakharash M. P. , Balytskyy V. V. , Kuryk O. G. 
Published: February 2019

Мета. Покращення результатів хірургічного лікування пацієнтів з поєднаною патологією анального каналу (АК) і прямої кишки (ПК) шляхом застосування високочастотних (ВЧ) електрохірургічних (ЕХ) апаратів «ERBE ICC 200», «ЕФА», «KLS Martin» та апарата радіохвильової (РХ) хірургії «Surgitron» і їх порівняльна характеристика.
Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані результати лікування 564 пацієнтів з поєднаною патологією АК і ПК з використанням ВЧ ЕХ апаратів «ERBE ICC 200», «ЕФА», «KLS Martin» та апарата РХ хірургії «Surgitron».
Результати. Дослідженням встановлено, що застосування ВЧ ЕХ апаратів «ERBE ICC 200», «ЕФА», «KLS Martin» та апарата РХ хірургії «Surgitron» зменшує тривалість операції до (20 ± 5) хв, об’єм інтраопераційної крововтрати до (20 ± 10) мл, потребу в наркотичних аналгетиках до (2 ± 1) мл, строки стаціонарного лікування до (5 ± 1) доба.
Висновки. Використання ВЧ ЕХ апаратів «ERBE ICC 200», «ЕФА», «KLS Martin» та апарата РХ хірургії «Surgitron» забезпечує скорочення тривалості операції, зменшення об’єму крововтрати під час операції, інтенсивності больового синдрому в післяопераційному періоді, а також незначну глибину некрозу тканин (від 0,055 до 0,43 мм), що обумовлює хороший косметичний результат операції.
Досвід виконання лапароскопічних операцій у хворих із грижами стравохідного отвору діафрагми та гастроезофагеальною рефлюксною хворобою
Authors: Matviychuk B. O. , Hurayevskyy A. A. , Stasyshyn A. R. 
Published: February 2019

Мета. Аналіз результатів хірургічного лікування хворих з грижами стравохідного отвору діафрагми (ГСОД) і гастроезофагельною рефлюксною хворобою (ГЕРХ).
Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано результати лікування 245 пацієнтів з ГСОД та ГЕРХ, оперованих у клініці хірургії та ендоскопії факультету післядипломної освіти Університету з 2004 по 2018 р. Жінок було 114, чоловіків - 131, середній вік пацієнтів становив (49 ± 3,18) року, середній індекс маси тіла – 32,9 кг/м2.
З метою діагностики ГСОД та ГЕРХ аналізували скарги хворого, анамнез захворювання, виконували езофагогастродуоденоскопію, рентгеноскопію травного каналу та органів грудної порожнини, проводили добовий рН-моніторинг стравоходу, визначали вміст кальцію у слині. Для стандартизованого опитування та анкетування пацієнтів використовували анкету Лікерта, шкали DeMeester та розраховували індекс якості життя (Gastro Intestinal Quality of Life Index). Зміни у стравоході, викликані рефлюкс-езофагітом, описували відповідно до Лос-Анджелеської класифікації (1994).
Результати. ГСОД діагностовано у 229 (93,5%) хворих: ковзну - у 203 (88,6%), параезофагеальну - у 3 (1,3%), змішану - у 23 (10,0%). ГЕРХ виявлено у 93,1% пацієнтів. У 170 (69,4%) пацієнтів виконано лапароскопічну фундоплікацію за Ніссеном, у 24 (9,8%) – фундоплікацію за Tупе, у 51 (20,8%) – операцію за Ніссеном у власній модифікації (Пат. №59772). Середня тривалість операції становила (90 ± 25) хв. На етапі опанування методики інтраопераційне ускладнення (ушкодження селезінки з кровотечею) зафіксовано у 3 (1,2%) пацієнтів. Післяопераційний період ускладнився пневмотораксом у 2 (0,8%) пацієнтів.
Висновки. З метою попередження рецидивів захворювання слід враховувати такі фактори ризику, як тип, розмір грижі, виділення та висічення грижового мішка, вибір методу герніопластики та фундоплікації, ожиріння, наявність ускладнень ГЕРХ. Правильний вибір типу операційного лікування та адекватний обсяг операції уможливлюють покращення результатів лікування хворих з ГСОД та ГЕРХ.
Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru Pada Sekolah Dasar Negeri Jatiwaringin X Bekasi
Authors: Widayati Kus Daru 
Published: February 2019

Compensation is one of the important aspect at the company, because it will increase the employees's motivation during their working time. The employee who get compention will feels like their ability was recognised and appreciated by the company, with the result that makes them more hsrd working. The aim of this research was to identify the effect of compentation toward performance of the teachers at the Sekolah Dasar Negeri Jatiwaringin X Bekasi. This research used description quantitative with questioner instrument 30 respondents. The sampling technique that used was saturated sampling. There are several techniques that used on this research, such as coefficient correlation test, coefficient determination test, and regression, all od the datas were analyzed by SPSS version 21. The result showed a positive effect between compentation and teacher's performance. The bound of compentation and teacher's performance got R= 0,493 as its result, it could be classified as the strong category. While, the effect of compentation toward teacher's performance was KD=0,493 equal with 49,3%, and the regression was Y=15,697 + 0,592x, the b value was 0,592 which is indicated that the increasing 1 point of work compentation will increase 0,592 point of teacher's