bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in Deep Soil Horizons at Different Landscape Positions
Authors: Singh Gurbir , Schoonover Jon E. , Williard Karl W.J. , Kaur Gurpreet , Crim Jackie 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Total C and total N were greater at shoulder position for alfalfa than in the other two land uses.
No observed differences for total C among land uses at backslope and footslope positions.
Labile pools of C and N showed differences with land use and topographic positions.
In general, labile C and N pools followed alfalfa > black walnut plantation > corn–soybean.
Labile and bulk pools of carbon and nitrogen (C and N) play different functional roles in soil organic matter dynamics and nutrient cycling. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the (i) effects of land use [corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) plantation] and (ii) vertical distribution of labile [potassium permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), water extractable organic carbon (WEOC), water extractable nitrogen (WEN)] and bulk [total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN)] pools of C and N in soil to a depth of 105 cm at different topographic positions within a watershed. Alfalfa had 10.02 to 14.86 Mg ha−1 greater TC than corn–soybean and black walnut plantation on the shoulder position in the surface horizon (0–15 cm), whereas the subsurface horizon (15–105 cm) showed no significant differences for TC measured at all topographic positions. Soil POXC was significantly higher in alfalfa than corn–soybean in the surface layer of 0 to 15 cm by 1748.6, 1904.03, and 2878.67 kg ha−1 at the shoulder, backslope, and footslope positions, respectively. However, no differences were observed for POXC at the shoulder position when all subsurface layers were combined at 15‐ to 105‐cm depth. In general, the labile pools of C and N showed differences with land use and topographic positions and followed alfalfa > black walnut plantation > corn–soybean. The study results suggest that for accurate assessment of land use on C and N gains and/or losses both bulk and labile pools should be measured including the entire root zone depth. Topographic differences should be accounted for assessing C and N pools at the watershed scale.
An Observatory of Groundwater in Crystalline Rock Aquifers Exposed to a Changing Environment: Hyderabad, India
Authors: Maréchal Jean-Christophe , Selles Adrien , Dewandel Benoit , Boisson Alexandre , Perrin Jérôme , Ahmed Shakeel 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Long‐term observatories allow the study of global changes to water resources in India.
Crystalline rock aquifers are highly heterogeneous.
Management of crystalline aquifers necessitates solving several scientific questions.
A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for improving water management in India.
Multiscale and long‐term work is needed to tackle the scientific challenges found in areas vulnerable to climate change and anthropic pressure. This is the case in the semiarid and drought‐prone regions of southern India where freshwater is scarce and agriculture near fast‐growing cities is triggering high water demand. The Indo‐French Center for Groundwater Research (IFCGR) was established in 1999 between the Indian National Geophysical Research Institute (NGRI) and the French Geological Survey (BRGM) at the NGRI campus in Hyderabad, India. For almost 20 yr, the IFCGR has studied the hydrodynamic properties and associated hydrological processes in crystalline aquifers. To that end, the Center set up two sites for observing groundwater in crystalline rock aquifers: (i) the Maheshwaram basin for the study of groundwater management at catchment scale, and (ii) the Choutuppal experimental site for the detailed study of hydrogeological processes at local scale (between wells). Multiscale approaches allow the characterization of hydrodynamic and transport properties of the shallow weathered part of such crystalline aquifers and the implications for groundwater management under overexploitation conditions. The objective is to provide suitable characterization of aquifer properties for developing modeling and management tools applicable to such heterogeneous aquifers.
Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory and Kings River Experimental Watersheds: A Synthesis of Measurements, New Insights, and Future Directions
Authors: O'Geen Anthony (Toby) , Safeeq Mohammad , Wagenbrenner Joseph , Stacy Erin , Hartsough Peter , Devine Scott , Tian Zhiyaun , Ferrell Ryan , Goulden Mike , Hopmans Jan W. , Bales Roger 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Water quality and stream flow have temporal and spatial trends in response to variable climate.
Our work reveals how Sierra Nevada forests responded to and recovered from multiyear drought.
Regolith thickness trends reveal water storage capacity differences with elevation.
Monitoring shows deep‐water changes via plant utilization or capillary flow during drought.
Sensor networks within the Southern Sierra Critical Zone Observatory (SSCZO) and Kings River Experimental Watersheds (KREW) document changes in the water cycle spanning the west slope of the southern Sierra Nevada in California. The networks were established to document water dynamics throughout the critical zone spanning profile, hillslope, catchment, and watershed scales at key locations that reflect systematic differences in bioclimatic conditions imposed by a strong elevation gradient. The critical zone observatory attempts to constrain the hydrologic budget via representative measurements of streamflow, eddy flux covariance, snow depth, meteorological conditions, and water content and water potential in soil and deep regolith. These measurements reveal the complexity of interactions among all aspects of the water balance (runoff, storage, evapotranspiration [ET], and precipitation) through daily, seasonal, and annual timescales. Multiyear drought, catastrophic wildfires, insect outbreaks, and disease have caused widespread tree mortality in the Sierra Nevada. These disturbances offer a window into the future for this region, which is expected to undergo significant change in response to global warming. This hydrological observatory provides valuable hydrometric attributes and fluxes across the stream–groundwater–vadose zone–soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum.
In SilicoDesigning a Novel Multi-epitope DNA Vaccine against Anti-apoptotic Proteins in Tumor Cells
Authors: Mahmoodi Shirin , Nezafat Navid 
Published: November 2018

Background:Cancer therapy has been known as one of the most important challenges in the world. Various therapeutic methods such as cancer immunotherapy are used to eradicate tumor cells. Vaccines have an important role among different cancer immunotherapeutic approaches. In the field of vaccine production, bioinformatics approach is considered as a useful tool to design multi-epitope cancer vaccines, mainly for selecting immunodominant Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) and Helper T Lymphocytes (HTL) epitopes.Objective:Generally, to design efficient multi-epitope cancer vaccines, Tumor-Specific Antigens (TSA) are targeted. In the context of DNA-based cancer vaccines, they contain genes that code tumor antigens and are delivered to host by different methods.Methods:In this study, the anti-apoptotic proteins (BCL2, BCL-X, survivin) that are over-expressed in different tumor cells were selected for CTL and HTL epitopes prediction through different servers such as RANKPEP, CTLpred, and BCPREDS.Results:Three regions from BCL2 and one region from BCL-X were selected as CTL epitopes and two segments from survivin were defined as HTL epitopes. In addition, &#946;-defensin was used as a proper adjuvant to enhance vaccine efficacy. The aforesaid segments were joined together by appropriate linkers, and some important properties of designed vaccine such as antigenicity, allergenicity and physicochemical characteristics were determined by various bioinformatics servers.Conclusion:Based on the bioinformatics results, the physicochemical and immunological features showed that the designed vaccine construct can be used as an efficient cancer vaccine after its efficacy was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo immunological assays.
Targeting Inflammation with Conjugated Cinnamic Amides, Ethers and Esters
Authors: Fotopoulos Ioannis , Pontiki Eleni , Litina Dimitra Hadjipavlou 
Published: November 2018

Background:Cinnamic acid is a key intermediate in shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways. It is found both in free form, and especially in the form of esters in various essential oils, resins and balsams which are very important intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway of several natural products. The cinnamic derivatives play a vital role in the formation of commercially important intermediate molecules which are necessary for the production of different bioactive compounds and drugs. Different substitutions on basic moiety lead to various biological activities. Furthermore, combination of appropriate pharmacophore groups with cinnamic acid derivatives were developed to give hybrids in order to find out promising drug candidates as inhibitors of multiple biological targets associated with inflammation. We found interesting to continue our efforts to design and synthesise three series of novel cinnamic acid-based hybrids: a) nitrooxy esters of cinnamic acid, b) ethers and c) amides of cinnamic acids with arginine, as pleiotropic candidates against multiple targets of inflammation.Methods:The synthesis of cinnamic was established by a Knoevenagel-Doebner condensation of the suitable aldehyde either with malonic acid in the presence of pyridine and piperidine, or with phenylacetic acid in the precence of triethylamine in acetic anhydride. The synthesis of the corresponding esters was conducted in two steps. The ethers were synthesized in low yields, with 1,2 – dibromoethane in dry acetone, in the presence of K2CO3, to give oily products. The corresponding cinnamic amides were synthesised in a single step. The synthesised hybrids were tested as lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors in vitro. In silico docking was applied to all the novel derivatives. Several molecular properties of the hybrids were calculated in order to evaluate their drug likeness.Results:A number of esters, ethers and amides of selected cinnamic acids, either phenyl substituted or not, has been synthesised and subjected to modelling studies. The compounds were studied in vitro/in vivo for their inhibitory activities on cox and lox, and as antioxidants. Log P values of all the title compounds except of 3a (5.38) were found to be less than 5 and are in agreement to Lipinski’s rule of five, suggesting satisfactory permeability across cell membrane. The molecular modelling study seems to be in accordance with the experimental results for LOX and COX-2. The result of antioxidant activity for amide 3b supports the anti-lox activity. Compound 5d presents the higher in vivo anti-inflammatory.Conclusion:According to the experimental findings compounds 3b and 5d can be used as lead compounds for the design of new molecules to target inflammation.
Design, Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity, Preclinical Study and Pharmacokinetic Performance of N-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-3, 4-dihydroquinazolin- 2-yl] methyl}, 2-[(2-isopropyl-5-methyl) 1-cyclo Hexylidene] Hydrazinecarboxamide
Authors: Yadav Meena K. , Tripathi Laxmi 
Published: November 2018

Background:N-{[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-oxo-3, 4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl] methyl}, 2-[(2- isopropyl-5-methyl) 1-cyclohexylidene] hydrazinecarboxamide QS11 was designed by computational study. It possessed essential pharmacophoric features for anticonvulsant activity and showed good docking with iGluRs (Kainate) glutamate receptor.Methods:QSAR and ADMET screening results suggested that QS11 would possess good potency for anticonvulsant activity. QS11 was synthesised and evaluated for its anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity. QS11 showed protection in strychnine, thiosemicarbazide, 4-aminopyridine and scPTZ induced seizure models and MES seizure model. QS11 showed higher ED50, TD50 and PI values as compared to the standard drugs in both MES and scPTZ screen. A high safety profile (HD50/ED50 values) was noted and hypnosis, analgesia, and anaesthesia were only observed at higher doses. No considerable increase or decrease in the concentration of liver enzymes was observed. Optimized QS11 was subjected to preclinical (in-vivo) studies and the pharmacokinetic performance of the sample was investigated. The result revealed that the pharmacokinetic performance of QS11 achieved maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) of 0.315 ± 0.011 µg/mL at Tmax of 2.0 ± 0.13 h, area under the curve (AUC0-∞) value 4.591 ± 0.163 µg/ml x h, elimination half-life (T1/2) 6.28 ± 0.71 h and elimination rate constant was found 0.110 ± 0.013 h-1.Results and Conclusion:Above evidences indicate that QS11 could serve as a lead for development of new antiepileptic drugs.
Efficient Bag-of-Features using Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm for Histopathological Image Classification
Authors: Tiwari Varun , Jain Sushil C. 
Published: November 2018

Background:The whale optimization algorithm is one of the popular meta-heuristic algorithms which has successfully been applied in various application areas such as image analysis and data clustering. However, the slow convergence rate and chances of sticking into the local optima due to improper balance of its exploration and exploitation phases are some of its pitfalls. Therefore, in this paper, a new improved whale optimization algorithm has been proposed. Moreover, the proposed method has been used in bag-of-features method for histopathological image classification.Methods:The new algorithm, improved whale optimization algorithm, modifies the encircling phase of original whale optimization algorithm. The proposed algorithm has been used to cluster the extracted features for finding the relevant codewords to be used in the bag-of-features method for histopathological image classification.Results:The efficiency of proposed algorithm has been analyzed on 23 benchmark functions in terms of mean fitness, standard deviation values, and convergence behavior. The performance of the improved whale optimization algorithm based histopathological image classification method has been analyzed on blue histology image dataset and compared with other meta-heuristic based bagof- features methods in terms of recall, precision, F-measure, and accuracy. The experimental results validate that the proposed method outperforms the considered state-of-the-art methods and attains 12% increase in the histopathological image classification accuracy.Conclusion:In this paper, a new improved whale optimization algorithm has been proposed and applied in bag-of-features method for histopathological image classification. The results of proposed method outperform the other existing meta-heuristic methods over standard benchmark functions and histopathological image dataset.
SVM and HMM Classifier Combination Based Approach for Online Handwritten Indic Character Recognition
Authors: Ghosh Rajib , Kumar Prabhat 
Published: November 2018

Background:
The growing use of smart hand-held devices in the daily lives of the people
urges for the requirement of online handwritten text recognition. Online handwritten text recognition
refers to the identification of the handwritten text at the very moment it is written on a digitizing
tablet using some pen-like stylus. Several techniques are available for online handwritten text
recognition in English, Arabic, Latin, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scripts. However, limited research
is available for Indic scripts.

Objective:
This article presents a novel approach for online handwritten numeral and character (simple
and compound) recognition of three popular Indic scripts - Devanagari, Bengali and Tamil.

Methods:
The proposed work employs the Zone wise Slopes of Dominant Points (ZSDP) method for
feature extraction from the individual characters. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Hidden Markov
Model (HMM) classifiers are used for recognition process. Recognition efficiency is improved
by combining the probabilistic outcomes of the SVM and HMM classifiers using Dempster-Shafer
theory. The system is trained using separate as well as combined dataset of numerals, simple and
compound characters.

Results:
The performance of the present system is evaluated using large self-generated datasets as
well as public datasets. Results obtained from the present work demonstrate that the proposed system
outperforms the existing works in this regard.

Conclusion:
This work will be helpful to carry out researches on online recognition of handwritten
character in other Indic scripts as well as recognition of isolated words in various Indic scripts including
the scripts used in the present work.
Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using Amino‐Functionalized Carbon Nanospheres Adsorbents
Authors: Benadji Naoual , Ikkene Rafika , Boudjemaa Amel , Bendjama Zoubida , Bachari Khaldoun , Hamoudi Safia 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT: Carbon nanospheres were prepared and functionalized with carboxyl acid groups (CNS‐CA), then reacted with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane to introduce amino groups onto the surface (CNS‐NH2) by post‐synthesis grafting. CNS‐NH2 was acidified in order to convert the amino groups (‐NH2) into ammonium moieties (). Various techniques such as N2 physisorption, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the nanospheres. The removal of chromium ions from aqueous solution using was investigated. Factors influencing the uptake of Cr(VI) ions such as solution pH, adsorbent dose, and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration were investigated. Equilibrium adsorption data fitted the Langmuir model very well. The adsorption maximum capacity of Cr(VI) was found to be 52.38 mg/g. The reusability of results indicated that it can be reused five times successfully without loss of adsorption capacity.
Gaya hidup hedonis dan intensi korupsi pada mahasiswa pengurus lembaga intra kampus
Authors: Sartika Yuniar Dwi , Hudaniah Hudaniah 
Published: November 2018

Abstrak. Kasus korupsi banyak terjadi di lembaga pemerintahan sehingga intensi korupsi berpotensi terjadi di lembaga intra kampus yang merupakan miniatur dari lembaga pemerintahan. Intensi korupsi merupakan niat untuk melakukan korupsi. Banyak dijumpai individu memiliki gaya hidup hedonis, termasuk mahasiswa. Gaya hidup hedonis merupakan pola hidup yang mengutamakan kesenangan semata. Ketika individu tidak memiliki cukup uang untuk menunjang gaya hidup hedonisnya maka ia akan memiliki intensi korupsi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adakah hubungan gaya hidup hedonis dan intensi korupsi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasional dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yang melibatkan 135 mahasiswa pengurus lembaga intra berusia 18-22 tahun. Pengambilan data menggunakan skala gaya hidup hedonis dan skala intensi korupsi yang dibuat sendiri oleh peneliti. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan analisis product moment. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara gaya hidup hedonis dengan intensi korupsi pada mahasiswa pengurus lembaga intra. Semakin tinggi gaya hidup hedonis mahasiswa, akan semakin tinggi pula intensi korupsinya.Kata Kunci: Gaya hidup hedonis, intensi korupsi, mahasiswa pengurus lembaga intraAbstract. Many corruption cases occurred in government institutions so that intention of corruption have the potential to occur in intra-campus institutions that are miniatures of government institutions. The intention of corruption is the intention to commit corruption. Many individuals are found to have hedonic lifestyles, including students. Hedonic lifestyle is a lifestyle that prioritizes pleasure. When an individual does not have enough money to support his hedonic lifestyle he will have a intention of corruption. The purpose of this research is to know whether there is any relationship of hedonic lifestyle and intention of corruption. This research is a correlational quantitative research using puposive sampling technique involving 135 students of intra institution aged 18-22 years. Data is retrieved using hedonic lifestyle scale and intention of corruption scale by researchers. The data obtained were analyzed using product moment analysis. The results showed a significant positive correlation between hedonic lifestyles with intention of corruption on students of intra institution. The highly of hedonic lifestyle of students, could be highly of their intention of corruption.Keywords: Hedonic lifestyle, intention of corruption, student of intra institution
Analysis of Tensions and Deformations of Fixing Supports of Photovoltaic Panels Installed on Rooftops
Authors: L. G. G. B. Ferreira  , J. L. Domingos  , A. J. Alves  
Published: November 2018

This paper aim to analyze the exerted pressions by the wind on photovoltaic panels installed on rooftops as well as perform analysis of tensions and deformations ofsupporting aluminum structures for photovoltaic panels. Computational simulations are performed in order to save time and obtaining the best solution. The wind intensity and directions exert pressures on the photovoltaic installation and its support structure resulting on the concentration of tensions on the fixing points on both structural components and roof’s attachmentpoints. the generator.
A VALIDATED RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DILTIAZEM IN RAW MATERIAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Kumar B M S , Rajkamal B. , Chandramowli B. 
Published: November 2018

The objective of this work is to develop and validate a reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantitative analysis of Diltiazem in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatographic analyses were performed on RP C-18 column with a mobile phase consisting of 0.01M ammonium acetate in water, methanol and acetonitrile in the ratio 700:240:60 at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The Diltiazem was detected and quantitated using a photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 295 nm with a retention time of 11.57 min. The detector response was linear in the concentration of 20-60µg/ml, the respective linear regression equation being Y=3000181x+356238.2. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.5µg/ml and 0.15µg/ml respectively. The assay of Diltiazem in bulk was found to be 99.85%. From the recovery studies it was found that about 101% on average of Diltiazem was recovered which indicates high accuracy of the method. The method was validated by determining its accuracy, precision and system suitability.The method fulfilled the requirements for reliability and feasibility for application to the quantitative analysis of Diltiazem in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
GASES SANGUÍNEOS Y LA ACIDOSIS METABÓLICA
Authors: ALARCÓN JAIRO 
Published: November 2018

Una de las varias ayudas diagnósticas con las que se cuenta para abordar a los niños en las diferentes áreas de urgencias, hospitalización o cuidado intensivo, es la toma de gases sanguíneos, y de su interpretación, dependerán decisiones importantes, pues nos permite tener una idea sobre las condiciones en las que seencuentra la homeostasis del cuerpo, como se encuentra su equilibrio acido base, la función respiratoria y renal, entre otras. Se pretende que este tipo de revisionessistemáticas, permitan hacer un uso juicioso de esta ayuda diagnostica, que con el resultado de los mismos puedan ofrecer una aproximacion cercana a lo que estasucediendo en el niño, y que en esencia se utilice para la toma de decisiones que pueden en determinado momento definir el pronostico al paciente.