bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surpreendidos pela ação – mediação pelas Sociologias Pragmáticas Francesas
Authors: Salgado Tiago Barcelos Pereira 
Published: October 2019

O artigo apresenta como as noções de ação e de social são reformuladas pelas Sociologias Pragmáticas Francesas, composta por três vertentes: Sociologia Política e Moral, Sociologia das Associações ou Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) e Sociologia Pragmática e Reflexiva. Ao reformularem tais noções, com base no Pragmatismo norte-americano, as Novas Sociologias, em contraste com as sociologias precedentes – humanistas, racionalistas e antropocêntricas –, incluem os não humanos na composição do social, fabricado por ações plurais e incertas. Por meio de revisão de literatura específica e também no original em francês, este trabalho esclarece a noção de mediação tal como proposta por tais abordagens sociológicas pragmáticas e esclarece essa noção na TAR. O texto conclui que a mediação é sociotécnica (híbrida), plural e incerta para a TAR.
Doce, Proibido, Tentador: A Quaternidade Mítica E O Papel Da Comida No Filme Chocolate
Authors: Franco Arthur , Wendel de Camargo Hertz 
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho busca analisar, sob a ótica da teoria da quaternidade mítica proposta por Canevacci (1990), o papel da comida e o seu poder impulsionador da sociabilidade no filme Chocolate (Lasse Hallström, 2000). Partindo da metodologia de análise fílmica proposta por Vanoye e Goliot-Lété (1994), buscamos identificar no componente diegético do filme os vínculos dos personagens com o chocolate, por meio de um referencial teórico que encara a comida como objeto de ligação social e mediador das práticas entre os sujeitos. As relações entre os arquétipos propostos por Canevacci (1990) são moldadas e modificadas pela inserção do chocolate e suas significações no ambiente conservador da obra, já que o doce atua como item de desejo, repulsa, pecado e modificação gregária e identitária ao longo do filme. Os resultados indicam a quaternidade mítica como elemento coesivo da estrutura diegética do filme, com evidente destaque para a capacidade dos hábitos alimentares de criar, reafirmar e reorganizar comportamentos.
TLC-Bioautographic Evaluation for High-Throughput Screening and Identification of Free Radical Scavenging and Antidiabetic Compounds from Traditional Unani Medicinal Plant: Citrullus colocynthis Schrad
Authors: Parveen Rabea , Khan Nausheen , Zahiruddin Sultan , Ibrahim Mohammad , Anjum Varisha , Parveen Bushra , Khan Mohammad Ahmad 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Interest in the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of natural products are growing vastly in the modern world. Thin layer chromatography-bioautography-mass spectroscopy (TLC-bioautography-MS) plays an important role in chemico-biological screening of natural sources. TLC combined with 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, α-amylase and α-glucosidase bioassay were used to evaluate antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, respectively, in different extracts of Citrullus colocynthis (Hanzal), a well-known traditional Indian Unani medicinal plant. Objective: To develop a TLC-bioautographic-MS method for DPPH, α-amylase, and glucosidase inhibitors in different extract of C. colocynthis fruits. Method: Fruits of C. colocynthis were successively extracted with toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. TLC solvents were developed, and bioautographic-MS analysis was carried out to identify the antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds. Results: HPTLC fingerprinting analysis showed maximum numbers of band separated in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of C. colocynthis, fourteen and thirteen at 254 and 366 nm, respectively. Whereas six and five separated bands were observed in toluene extract at 254 and 366 nm, respectively showed minimum numbers of metabolites. Based on TLC-bioautography-MS, maximum number of antioxidant compounds were identified in dichloromethane extract. Except aqueous extract of C. colocynthis, all the extracts have shown antidiabetic activity. On the other hand, there were no antioxidant compounds in methanolic extract of C. colocynthis. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that TLC-bioautography-MS–guided strategy used to identify antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds of C. colocynthis is very useful technique for high-throughput screening of bioactive compounds. Highlights: TLC-MS bioautography is a simple and fast to enables bioactive compounds present in extracts.
Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment for Allostatic Load Lowering
Authors: Nuño Victor , Siu Allison , Deol Navneet , Juster Robert-Paul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Context
Limited research has been done to examine osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) effects on modulating a compilation of allostatic load (AL) biomarkers that work to measure the body's multisystem response to homeostatic deviation.

Objective
To examine the efficacy of OMT on graduate students’ overall health through an objective index of representative AL biomarkers.

Methods
A within-subject pre- and postintervention study was conducted at Touro University College of Osteopathic Medicine in California during the fall 2017 semester. Graduate students enrolled in the Masters of Science in Medical Health Sciences program volunteered to participate in the study and received treatment by an osteopathic physician. The participants were evaluated using the following measures: Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress; diurnal urine cortisol and catecholamines; dried blood glycated hemoglobin, dehydroepiandrosterone, high-density lipoprotein, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; blood pressure, body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio before (preintervention) and after (postintervention) OMT.

Results
The study consisted of 1 man (participant 1) and 1 woman (participant 2) aged 23 and 22 years, respectively. Participants were enrolled in the same academic program and received 3 OMT sessions in 7 weeks. Analysis of AL biomarkers revealed a decrease in overall AL scores from preintervention to postintervention in participant 1 (from 7 to 4) and participant 2 (from 9 to 7). Analysis of Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress scores revealed a decrease in self-perceived stress from preintervention to postintervention in participant 1 (from 18 to 15) and in participant 2 (from 40 to 13).

Conclusion
The OMT protocol used in the current study decreased measures of overall AL and self-perceived stress in both participants. This finding suggests that OMT may represent a reasonable modality to reduce AL and self-perceived stress in graduate students. Since the current study is limited by its small sample size, further research is warranted.
Does Compression of the Fourth Ventricle Cause Preterm Labor? Analysis of Data From the PROMOTE Study
Authors: Hensel Kendi L. , Roane Brandy M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
The technique for the compression of the fourth ventricle (CV4) in the brain has been described as a method of reaching the physiologic centers that reside in its floor and of restoring optimal flow of the cerebrospinal fluid. However, a study published as an abstract in 1992 questioned whether CV4, when applied to pregnant women, could induce uterine contractions and possibly labor.

Objective
To further examine whether CV4 could induce uterine contractions and labor as part of the osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) protocol used in the Pregnancy Research in Osteopathic Manipulation Optimizing Treatment Effects (PROMOTE) study.

Methods
Labor and delivery data collected during the PROMOTE study from 2007-2011 were analyzed. The PROMOTE study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and was a randomized controlled clinical trial that measured the primary outcomes of back-specific functioning and pain in pregnant women aged 18 to 34 years. Participants were randomly divided into 3 groups—usual obstetric care only, placebo ultrasound treatment plus usual obstetric care, and OMT plus usual obstetric care. Study participants were scheduled for 7 treatment visits. Presented data were gathered from labor and delivery records.

Results
Four hundred participants were included. No significant differences were identified between treatment groups for the development of high-risk status (P=.293) or preterm delivery (P=.673). Evaluation of high-risk status by preterm delivery for the groups also showed no significant differences between groups (P=.455).

Conclusion
The application of CV4 as part of an OMT protocol during the third trimester caused neither a higher incidence of preterm labor nor the development of high-risk status.
Transmission efficiency of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus by three cryptic species of Bemisia tabaci complex in cotton cultivars
Authors: Chen Ting , Saeed Qamar , He Zifu , Lu Lihua 
Published: October 2019

Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is a serious and economically important viral disease agent in cotton and ornamental plants like Hibiscus in many regions of the world, especially in South Asia. CLCuMuV is transmitted exclusively by Bemisia tabaci cryptic species complex. This virus was recently recorded in southern China, presumably an invasion from South Asia. This study was performed to estimate the efficiency of three species of the B. tabaci whitefly complex (tentatively named as MEAM1, MED and Asia II 7, respectively) to transmit CLCuMuV and Cotton leaf curl multan virus betasatelite (CLCuMuB). Transmission assays and real-time quantitative PCR were conducted using three cultivars of cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, including 112-2, Xinhai-21 and Zhongmian-40. The results indicated that Asia II 7 was able to transmit the virus to two of the cotton cultivars, i.e. 112-2 and Xinhai-21, with the highest transmission efficiencies of 40% and 30%, respectively, but was unable to transmit the virus to the cotton cultivar Zhongmian-40. MEAM1 and MED failed to transmit CLCuMuV and CLCuMuB to any of the three cotton cultivars. After the three cryptic species of whiteflies had fed on virus-infected cotton plants for 48 h, the relative quantity of CLCuMuV in Asia II 7 was detected to be significantly higher than that in both MEAM1 and MED (P < 0.05). These results indicate that among the three species of whiteflies Asia II 7 is likely the most efficient vector for CLCuMuV and CLCuMuB in Malvaceae crops in China. Our findings provide valuable information to the control of viral diseases caused by CLCuMuV in the field.
Particle Technology
Authors: Park Ah‐Hyung Alissa , Zhu Chao , Fan Liang‐Shih , Sandvik Peter 
Published: October 2019

AbstractParticulate systems are involved in numerous industrial processes and are present in various natural phenomena. Particle technology is a term that refers to the field of the science and technology associated with the characterization, formation, processing, and utilization of particles. It is concerned with the systems in which one or more of the components are in the form of particles. Recently, the scope of particle technology has been extended to cover systems containing nanoparticles, aerosols, liquid droplets, emulsions, and bubbles.Particle technology is an interdisciplinary field. Owing to the complexity of particulate systems, particle technology is often treated as art than science. Hence, efforts in synthesizing, measuring, modeling, and developing particle and particulate systems are being pursued actively in both academia and industry. This article describes the fundamental principles governing the key aspects of particle science and technology.
Tolrestat acts atypically as a competitive inhibitor of the thermostable aldo‐keto reductase Tm1743 from Thermotoga maritima
Authors: Zhang Chenyun , Min Zhenzhen , Liu Xuemeng , Wang Chao , Wang Zhiguo , Shen Jiejie , Tang Wanrong , Zhang Xin , Liu Dan , Xu Xiaoling 
Published: October 2019

Tolrestat and epalrestat have been characterized as noncompetitive inhibitors of aldo‐ketone reductase 1B1 (AKR1B1), a leading drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes complications. However, clinical applications are limited for most AKR1B1 inhibitors due to adverse effects of cross‐inhibition with other AKRs. Here, we report an atypical competitive binding and inhibitory effect of tolrestat on the thermostable AKR Tm1743 from Thermotoga maritima. Analysis of the Tm1743 crystal structure in complex with tolrestat alone and epalrestat‐NADP+ shows that tolrestat, but not epalrestat, binding triggers dramatic conformational changes in the anionic site and cofactor binding pocket that prevents accommodation of NADP+. Enzymatic and molecular dynamics simulation analyses further confirm tolrestat as a competitive inhibitor of Tm1743.
Morphogen Delivery by Osteoconductive Nanoparticles Instructs Stromal Cell Spheroid Phenotype
Authors: Whitehead Jacklyn , Kothambawala Alefia , Kent Leach J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) exhibit a rapid loss in osteogenic phenotype upon removal of osteoinductive cues, as commonly occurs during transplantation. Osteogenic differentiation can be more effectively but not fully maintained by aggregating MSCs into spheroids. Therefore, the development of effective strategies that prolong the efficacy of inductive growth factors would be advantageous for advancing cell‐based therapies. To address this challenge, osteoinductive bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) is adsorbed to osteoconductive hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles for incorporation into MSC spheroids. MSC induction is evaluated in osteogenic conditions and retention of the osteogenic phenotype in the absence of other osteogenic cues. HA is more uniformly incorporated into spheroids at lower concentrations, while BMP‐2 dosage is dependent upon initial morphogen concentration. MSC spheroids containing BMP‐2‐loaded HA nanoparticles exhibit greater alkaline phosphatase activity and more uniform spatial expression of osteocalcin compared to spheroids with uncoated HA nanoparticles. Spheroids cultured in media containing soluble BMP‐2 demonstrate differentiation only at the spheroid periphery. Furthermore, the osteogenic phenotype of MSC spheroids is better retained with BMP‐2‐laden HA upon the removal of soluble osteogenic cues. These findings represent a promising strategy for simultaneous delivery of osteoconductive and osteoinductive signals for enhancing MSC participation in bone formation.
H2O2‐Sensitive Upconversion Nanocluster Bomb for Tri‐Mode Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Therapy in Deep Tumor Tissue
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhang Chao , Ahmed Arsalan , Zhao Yunlei , Deng Yu , Ding Yin , Cai Jianfeng , Hu Yong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLow penetration depth of excited light, undesirable distribution of photosensitizers, severe hypoxia, and inefficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tumors, lead to the poor therapeutic effects in photodynamic therapy. Herein, a multifunctional nanocluster bomb (UCGM naonoparticles) composed of upconversion nanoparticles (NPs), CeOx, graphite‐C3N4 (g‐C3N4) NPs, and metformin (Met) are developed to mitigate the hypoxia by oxidizing H2O2 into O2 due to the catalysis of CeOx. The presence of Met can act on the mitochondrion to inhibit the respiration of tumor cells, further improving the O2 level. Meanwhile, g‐C3N4 NPs are released from UCGM NPs and penetrate tumor tissue deeply because of their small size. Upon 808 nm laser illumination, UCGM NPs show remarkable photothermal ability and efficiently convert near infrared to ultraviolet light to activate the g‐C3N4 NPs to generate ROS in a whole tumor to facilitate a combined antitumor effect against deeply located tumors. Moreover, these UCGM NPs also display excellent performances in upconversion luminescence, magnetic resonance imaging, and computerized tomographic imaging, making them a potential imaging‐guided drug delivery system in cancer therapy.
17% Efficient Organic Solar Cells Based on Liquid Exfoliated WS2 as a Replacement for PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Lin Yuanbao , Adilbekova Begimai , Firdaus Yuliar , Yengel Emre , Faber Hendrik , Sajjad Muhammad , Zheng Xiaopeng , Yarali Emre , Seitkhan Akmaral , Bakr Osman M. , El‐Labban Abdulrahman , Schwingenschlögl Udo , Tung Vincent , McCulloch Iain , Laquai Frédéric , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe application of liquid‐exfoliated 2D transition metal disulfides (TMDs) as the hole transport layers (HTLs) in nonfullerene‐based organic solar cells is reported. It is shown that solution processing of few‐layer WS2 or MoS2 suspensions directly onto transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes changes their work function without the need for any further treatment. HTLs comprising WS2 are found to exhibit higher uniformity on ITO than those of MoS2 and consistently yield solar cells with superior power conversion efficiency (PCE), improved fill factor (FF), enhanced short‐circuit current (JSC), and lower series resistance than devices based on poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and MoS2. Cells based on the ternary bulk‐heterojunction PBDB‐T‐2F:Y6:PC71BM with WS2 as the HTL exhibit the highest PCE of 17%, with an FF of 78%, open‐circuit voltage of 0.84 V, and a JSC of 26 mA cm−2. Analysis of the cells' optical and carrier recombination characteristics indicates that the enhanced performance is most likely attributed to a combination of favorable photonic structure and reduced bimolecular recombination losses in WS2‐based cells. The achieved PCE is the highest reported to date for organic solar cells comprised of 2D charge transport interlayers and highlights the potential of TMDs as inexpensive HTLs for high‐efficiency organic photovoltaics.
Multifunctional Micro/Nanoscale Fibers Based on Microfluidic Spinning Technology
Authors: Du Xiang‐Yun , Li Qing , Wu Guan , Chen Su 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSuperfine multifunctional micro/nanoscale fibrous materials with high surface area and ordered structure have attracted intensive attention for widespread applications in recent years. Microfluidic spinning technology (MST) has emerged as a powerful and versatile platform because of its various advantages such as high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio, effective heat transfer, and enhanced reaction rate. The resultant well‐defined micro/nanoscale fibers exhibit controllable compositions, advanced structures, and new physical/chemical properties. The latest developments and achievements in microfluidic spun fiber materials are summarized in terms of the underlying preparation principles, geometric configurations, and functionalization. Variously architected structures and shapes by MST, including cylindrical, grooved, flat, anisotropic, hollow, core–shell, Janus, heterogeneous, helical, and knotted fibers, are emphasized. In particular, fiber‐spinning chemistry in MST for achieving functionalization of fiber materials by in situ chemical reactions inside fibers is introduced. Additionally, the applications of the fabricated functional fibers are highlighted in sensors, microactuators, photoelectric devices, flexible electronics, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and water collection. Finally, recent progress, challenges, and future perspectives are discussed.
Electrode Materials Engineering in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Energy Input and Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Song Rong‐Bin , Zhu Wenlei , Fu Jiaju , Chen Ying , Liu Lixia , Zhang Jian‐Rong , Lin Yuehe , Zhu Jun‐Jie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractElectrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) is a promising technology to simultaneously alleviate CO2‐caused climate hazards and ever‐increasing energy demands, as it can utilize CO2 in the atmosphere to provide the required feedstocks for industrial production and daily life. In recent years, substantial progress in ECR systems has been achieved by the exploitation of various novel electrode materials. The anodic materials and cathodic catalysts that have, respectively, led to high‐efficiency energy input and effective heterogenous catalytic conversion in ECR systems are comprehensively reviewed. Based on the differences in the nature of energy sources and the role of materials used at the anode, the fundamentals of ECR systems, including photo‐anode‐assisted ECR systems and bio‐anode‐assisted ECR systems, are explained in detail. Additionally, the cathodic reaction mechanisms and pathways of ECR are described along with a discussion of different design strategies for cathode catalysts to enhance conversion efficiency and selectivity. The emerging challenges and some perspective on both anode materials and cathodic catalysts are also outlined for better development of ECR systems.
A TiN Nanorod Array 3D Hierarchical Composite Electrode for Ultrahigh‐Power‐Density Bromine‐Based Flow Batteries
Authors: Wang Chenhui , Lu Wenjing , Lai Qinzhi , Xu Pengcheng , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBromine‐based flow batteries are well suited for stationary energy storage due to attractive features of high energy density and low cost. However, the bromine‐based flow battery suffers from low power density and large materials consumption due to the relatively high polarization of the Br2/Br− couple on the electrodes. Herein, a self‐supporting 3D hierarchical composite electrode based on a TiN nanorod array is designed to improve the activity of the Br2/Br− couple and increase the power density of the bromine‐based flow battery. In this design, a carbon felt provides a composite electrode with a 3D electron conductive framework to guarantee high electronic conductivity, while the TiN nanorods possess excellent catalytic activity for the Br2/Br− electrochemical reaction to reduce the electrochemical polarization. Moreover, the 3D micro–nano hierarchical nanorod‐array alignment structure contributes to a high electrolyte penetration and a high ion‐transfer rate to reduce diffusion polarization. As a result, a zinc–bromine flow battery with the designed composite electrode can be operated at a current density of up to 160 mA cm−2, which is the highest current density ever reported. These results exhibit a promising strategy to fabricate electrodes for ultrahigh‐power‐density bromine‐based flow batteries and accelerate the development of bromine‐based flow batteries.
Design of Active Interfaces Using Responsive Molecular Components
Authors: Buten Christoph , Kortekaas Luuk , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResponsive interfaces are interfaces that show a defined and reversible change in physical properties in response to external stimuli. Typically, responsive interfaces result from the immobilization of responsive molecular components at the interface that translate a nanoscale signal into a macroscopic effect. Responsive interfaces can also be obtained if the topology of the interface can be reversibly changed using an external stimulus. As the surface of any material is its connection to the environment, responsive interfaces provide opportunities for interactive materials which are not only able to change properties upon demand, but also sense their environment and act autonomously. The application of responsive molecular components at interfaces, however, requires chemical and physical compatibility with the material surface of interest, posing a challenge not least in the retention of the responsive functionality. The state of the art in “active” interfaces which display responsive wettability, permeability, or adhesion is discussed, with a particular emphasis on microscale and nanoscale patterning since patterned interfaces can give rise to unique material properties. Finally, perspectives in the development of responsive interfaces, as well as promising approaches for bypassing the most prominent challenges are discussed.