bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traditional v. modern dietary patterns among a population in western Austria: associations with body composition and nutrient profile
Authors: Egg Sabrina , Erler Judith , Perktold Bernhard , Hasenegger Verena , Rust Petra , Ramoner Reinhold , König Jürgen , Purtscher Anna Elisabeth 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to identify dietary patterns, compare dietary patterns regarding nutrient profile and investigate the association between dietary patterns and body composition in a population in western Austria.DesignIn a cross-sectional study, eating habits, anthropometric measurements and body composition were assessed. Food intake was collected by two non-consecutive 24 h recalls. Factor analysis (principal component analysis) with complementary cluster analysis was applied to identify dietary patterns. Associations of dietary patterns with body composition and nutrient profile were examined by the t test, one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA with Bonferroni’s correction. The χ2 test was used for categorical variables.SettingTyrol, western Austria, 2014–2015.ParticipantsAdults (n 463) aged 18–64 years.ResultsThree dietary patterns were derived, labelled as the ‘health-conscious’, the ‘western’ and the ‘traditional’ dietary pattern. After adjustment for confounding variables, individuals following the traditional and western patterns were more likely to be overweight/obese (P <0·001) and to have a higher body fat percentage (P <0·05). Individuals following the traditional dietary pattern consumed significantly more SFA and less PUFA and dietary fibre (P <0·001) than those in the other groups.ConclusionsIndividuals who mostly eat in a traditional way should be encouraged to increase their consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and healthy fats. It is important to know local eating habits not only for planning individual nutritional therapy, but also for well-directed public health actions.
Retrospective dosimetric evaluation of VMAT plans for prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Darko Johnson , Osei Ernest , Fleck Andre , Rachakonda Ramana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundRadiation therapy (RT) remains a common and effective treatment modality for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. Technological advancements over the past decade have resulted in the introduction of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) planning and delivery techniques that maximise the dose of radiation delivered to the prostate while sparing organs at risk (OAR). A more recent and evolving IMRT technique, called volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), involves a continuous irradiation at a constant or variable dose rate when the gantry rotates around the prostate using one or more arcs.Materials and methodsThis paper reports on a dosimetric evaluation of our implementation of VMAT technique for prostate cancer treatment. A retrospective analysis of VMAT plans was performed for 300 prostate cancer patients treated during the period of January 2013 to December 2014. Two prescription cohorts of patients treated to a dose of 78 Gy in 39 fractions as the primary radiation therapy treatment (XRT) and 66 Gy in 33 fractions as a post-op or salvage XRT were considered.ResultsThe mean and maximal doses, dose inhomogeneities and conformity indexes for the planning target volumes were evaluated for each prescription cohort of patients. Similarly, the doses to OAR such as rectum, bladder and femoral heads were also assessed for various dose levels.ConclusionThis study shows that highly conformal radiation dose distribution for the treatment of prostate cancer is achievable with the VMAT technique. It provides evidence to support the adoption of such conformal technology in many disease sites such as the prostate. We believe that our experience reported here could help form the foundation for individual institutions to evaluate and develop the most suitable planning criteria tailored to their own needs and priority. This endeavour hopefully will provide further improvement in the planning process and, therefore, help achieve an effective and efficient delivery of radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
Recital I (for Cathy):A Drama ‘Through the Voice’
Authors: PLACANICA FRANCESCA 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWork on this article began as a contribution to a wider discussion of twentieth-century music theatre, and in particular a genre in the category of twentieth-century musical monodramas – one-act staged monologues with, or in music for, one performer.1My current research focuses on the genesis and performance tradition of works composed for solo female singer, and raises questions about the creative agency of the performer in the making of such works, reflecting on matters such as subjectivity, voice, and identity.2If this outlook may slightly drift from a conventional narrative springing from the composer's voice, a critical investigation of the collaborative process foregrounding the genealogy of some of these works is compelling, especially since every composer who embarked on this ‘genre’, or compositionaltopos, inflected it in idiosyncratic ways. In works such asErwartung,La Voix humaine,The Testament of Eve,Neither, andLa machine de l’être, the performative voice of the female soloist to whom the work was tailored became a generative element capable of shaping the formal, musical, and dramaturgical material.3Examination of selected case studies, focusing especially on the creative and performative processes surrounding these works, triggers an array of questions about gender politics. More importantly, transversal insight into the making of these works and their performativity reveals the interconnected nature of the two phases of creation and performance. In musical monodrama, more than in larger forms of music theatre, the two processes interweave and depend on each other; reconstructing the performative genealogy of the ‘work’ reveals an intrinsic impasse in the very notion of the musical ‘text’ associated exclusively with the compiled score and its literary sources.
Long-term effects of biochar on rice production and stabilisation of cadmium and arsenic levels in contaminated paddy soils
Authors: CHEN Peng , WANG Hong-Yan , ZHENG Rui-Lun , ZHANG Bo , SUN Guo-Xin 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTHeavy metal contamination in the paddy soils of China is a serious concern because of its health risk through transfer in food chains. A field experiment was conducted in 2014–2015 to investigate the long-term effects of different biochar amendments on cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) immobilisation in a contaminated paddy field in southern China. Two types of biochar, a rice-straw-derived biochar (RB) and a coconut-by-product-derived biochar (CB), were amended separately to determine their impacts on rice yield and their efficacy in reducing Cd and As in rice. The two-year field experiment showed that biochar amendments significantly improved the rice yields and that CB is superior to RB, especially in the first growth season. Using a large amount of biochar amendment (22.5tha–1) significantly increased soil pH and total organic carbon, and concomitantly decreased the Cd content in rice grains over the four growth seasons, regardless of biochar type and application rate. Arsenic levels in rice were similar to the control, and results from this study suggest that there was a sustainable effect of biochar on Cd sequestration in soil and reduction of Cd accumulation in rice for at least two years. Biochar amendment in soil could be considered as a sustainable, reliable and cost-effective option to remediate heavy metal contamination in paddy fields for long periods.
Great Plains Yucca (Yucca glauca) Control on Shortgrass Rangelands
Authors: Fick Walter H. , Harmoney Keith 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGreat Plains yucca is a native species that competes with forage plants for space and water and at high densities may warrant control. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of seven herbicides applied in the spring or fall for Great Plains yucca control. Six foliar herbicides applied by ground application at 187 L ha−1 spray volume, one herbicide applied to individual plant whorls, and a nontreated check were established in June and September of 2009 and 2011. Percent mortality was determined 12 to 16 mo after herbicide application. Most herbicides gave similar control between the 2 yr, with triclopyr in diesel applied to individual plant whorls at 10 g L−1 providing the greatest control at 83%. Most herbicides applied in June near the blooming stage of Great Plains yucca were more effective than September treatments. June treatments providing the greatest reduction in yucca densities were metsulfuron + dicamba + 2,4-D amine + 2,4-D low volatile ester (LVE) at 21 + 113 + 325 + 431 g ae ha−1, metsulfuron + aminopyralid + triclopyr at 49 + 9 + 227 g ha−1, metsulfuron + chlorsulfuron + 2,4-D LVE at 34 + 11 + 431 g ha−1, and metsulfuron + aminopyralid + 2,4-D LVE at 49 + 9 + 431 g ha−1. A single application of a foliar herbicide provided a maximum of 72% mortality of Great Plains yucca, suggesting that repeat application may be necessary to achieve optimum control.
Instantaneous Frequency Analysis on Nonlinear EMIC Emissions: Arase Observation
Authors: Shoji Masafumi , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Omura Yoshiharu , Kistler Lynn M. , Kasaba Yasumasa , Matsuda Shoya , Kasahara Yoshiya , Matsuoka Ayako , Nomura Reiko , Ishisaka Keigo , Kumamoto Atsushi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Yagitani Satoshi , Teramoto Mariko , Asamura Kazushi , Takashima Takeshi , Shinohara Iku 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the inner magnetosphere, the Arase spacecraft has observed electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) emissions with both rising and falling frequencies. The instantaneous frequency analyses on the electromagnetic fields of the EMIC rising tone emission have been performed by the Hilbert‐Huang transform. The time variation of the instantaneous frequency shows a good agreement with the nonlinear theory for the frequency evolutions. Rapid instantaneous frequency modulation is also found during the rising tone emission. We estimate the peak‐to‐peak time of the fluctuation in the frequency and find that the fluctuation is caused around a half of the particle trapping time. From the motion of the phase‐bunched particle around the resonant velocity, it is expected that the nonlinear resonant current, which induces the falling frequency is formed in half the trapping time.
Nonlinear Coupling Between Whistler‐Mode Chorus and Electron Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in the Magnetosphere
Authors: Gao Zhonglei , Su Zhenpeng , Xiao Fuliang , Summers Danny , Liu Nigang , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wei Fengsi , Wang Shui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractElectromagnetic whistler‐mode chorus and electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves can contribute significantly to auroral electron precipitation and radiation belt electron acceleration. In the past, linear and nonlinear wave‐particle interactions have been proposed to explain the occurrences of these magnetospheric waves. By analyzing Van Allen Probes data, we present here the first evidence for nonlinear coupling between chorus and ECH waves. The sum‐frequency and difference‐frequency interactions produced the ECH sidebands with discrete frequency sweeping structures exactly corresponding to the chorus rising tones. The newly generated weak sidebands did not satisfy the original electrostatic wave dispersion relation. After the generation of chorus and normal ECH waves by hot electron instabilities, the nonlinear wave‐wave interactions could additionally redistribute energy among the resonant waves, potentially affecting to some extent the magnetospheric electron dynamics.
Bounding the Moment Deficit Rate on Crustal Faults Using Geodetic Data: Application to Southern California
Authors: Maurer Jeremy , Johnson Kaj , Segall Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe interseismic moment deficit rate (MDR) constrains the potential for future moment release in earthquakes. Published estimates of the geodetic MDR in Southern California vary by a factor of 3 depending on the type of forward model, method of estimation, and data quality. It is our aim to determine to what degree these discrepancies may be explained by quantifying the uncertainty for a given class of forward models, accounting for data errors and limited model resolution. We apply a new method, the Constrained Optimization Bounding Estimator, to bound the MDR in Southern California using geodetic data and an elastic plate‐block model. Total MDR ranges from 1.3 to 2.0 × 1019 N m/yr, equivalent to one MW 8.17–8.31 over 160 years, higher than the observed seismic moment since 1850. This observation, together with published estimates of off‐fault moment rate, could imply that significant permanent (inelastic) deformation is taking place in Southern California or that future earthquakes will make up the difference. Uncertainty in MDR from Constrained Optimization Bounding Estimator using a single model is comparable to the range of published MDR estimates using elastic block models but about a factor of 8 smaller than the range of all published models. Thus, the choice of forward model dominates theuncertainty in MDR for Southern California. While additional data would be helpful for constraining the MDR, as much or more effort is needed to quantify the prediction errors associated with a given model and to develop observations that narrow the possible range of forward models under consideration.
Transient Hypoxia Extent Off Changjiang River Estuary due to Mobile Changjiang River Plume
Authors: Zhang Wenxia , Wu Hui , Zhu Zhuoyi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObserved oxygen concentrations collected at discrete locations during research cruises were conventionally used to estimate spatial extents of bottom low‐oxygen/hypoxia. Yet observed oxygen concentrations were often not quantitatively representative of spatial patterns in instantaneous oxygen concentrations in coastal oceans, especially when the bottom hypoxia was transient. Over the Changjiang River estuary and its adjacent sea, research cruises could easily be longer than the time scale of variability of bottom hypoxia extent. The Changjiang River plume is extremely mobile due to changes in wind magnitude and direction, and the redistribution of this freshwater cap strongly regulates vertical stratification on which bottom hypoxia formation depends. A high‐resolution ecosystem model was developed, which successfully reproduced observed temperature, salinity, and bottom oxygen concentration. This model suggested fast response of bottom oxygen to vertical stratification evolution (generally ∼6–50 hr) and a transient spatial extent of summer bottom hypoxia off the Changjiang River estuary. Comparisons between observed and modeled oxygen concentrations implied that the hypoxic area calculated from dissolved oxygen at discrete locations often had possible errors and the estimated magnitude of hypoxic area which depended on the chronological order of observations. Therefore, it is risky to estimate the spatial extent of hypoxic area based on observations exclusively, and the relevant quantification of annual hypoxia area trend is also questionable. Integration of quasi‐simultaneous observations is required to advance the understanding of oxygen dynamics, to minimize observational uncertainties. The development of skillful ecosystem models that profit from ample observations and have the power to reproduce dissolved oxygen is indispensable.
Observationally Weak TGFs in the RHESSI Data
Authors: Albrechtsen K. H. , Østgaard N. , Berge N. , Gjesteland T. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTerrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are sub‐millisecond bursts of high energetic gamma radiation associated with intracloud flashes in thunderstorms. In this paper we use the simultaneity of lightning detections by World Wide Lightning Location Network to find TGFs in the Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) data that are too faint to be identified by standard search algorithms. A similar approach has been used in an earlier paper, but here we expand the data set to include all years of RHESSI + World Wide Lightning Location Network data and show that there is a population of observationally weak TGFs all the way down to 0.22 of the RHESSI detection threshold (three counts in the detector). One should note that the majority of these are “normal” TGFs that are produced further away from the subsatellite point (and experience a 1/r2 effect) or produced at higher latitudes with a lower tropoause and thus experience increased atmospheric attenuation. This supports the idea that the TGF production rate is higher than currently reported. We also show that compared to lightning flashes, TGFs are more partial to ocean and coastal regions than over land.
Obesity, altered oxidative stress, and clinical correlates in chronic schizophrenia patients
Authors: An Huimei , Du Xiangdong , Huang Xingbing , Qi Lingyan , Jia Qiufang , Yin Guangzhong , Xiao Chunling , Huang Xu-Feng , Ning Yuping , Cassidy Ryan M , Wang Li , Soares Jair C. , Zhang Xiang Yang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAntipsychotic pharmacotherapy is strongly obesogenic and is associated with increased oxidative stress in patients with schizophrenia. However, whether these changes reflect psychopathology, antipsychotic efficacy, or some other factor is not known. Our study aims to investigate the degree of oxidative stress in different BMI categories and to identify clinical symptomatology that may be paired with increased oxidative stress in a schizophrenia population. To this end, we performed a cross-sectional study and recruited 89 long-term inpatients with schizophrenia and collected the following variables: plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), routine biochemical analysis, and psychopathology through the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The results indicate that the levels of the lipid peroxidation product, MDA, were significantly higher in the high BMI group than the low (normal) BMI group. As expected, high BMI was associated with an atherogenic lipid profile; however, it was also associated with fewer psychopathological symptoms. Multiple regression analysis found that MDA levels, the PANSS general psychopathology subscore, and triglyceride levels (all p < 0.05) were independent contributors to the BMI in patients. These results suggested that oxidative stress may play an important role in antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Further investigations using the longitudinal design in first-episode schizophrenia patients are needed to explore the beneficial effect of antioxidants on the abnormal lipid metabolism mediated by antipsychotic treatment.
Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Structural Composite Supercapacitor
Authors: Muralidharan Nitin , Teblum Eti , Westover Andrew S. , Schauben Deanna , Itzhak Anat , Muallem Merav , Nessim Gilbert D. , Pint Cary L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCarbon nanotubes exhibit mechanical properties ideally suited for reinforced structural composites and surface area and conductivity attractive for electrochemical capacitors. Here we demonstrate the multifunctional synergy between these properties in a composite material exhibiting simultaneous mechanical and energy storage properties. This involves a reinforcing electrode developed using dense, aligned carbon nanotubes grown on stainless steel mesh that is layered in an ion conducting epoxy electrolyte matrix with Kevlar or fiberglass mats. The resulting energy storage composites exhibit elastic modulus over 5 GPa, mechanical strength greater than 85 MPa, and energy density up to 3 mWh/kg for the total combined system including electrodes, current collector, Kevlar or fiberglass, and electrolyte matrix. Furthermore, findings from in-situ mechano-electro-chemical tests indicate simultaneous mechanical and electrochemical functionality with invariant and stable supercapacitor performance maintained throughout the elastic regime.
Trait determinants of impulsive behavior: a comprehensive analysis of 188 rats
Authors: Soares Ana Rosa , Esteves Madalena , Moreira Pedro Silva , Cunha Ana Margarida , Guimarães Marco Rafael , Carvalho Miguel Murteira , Raposo-Lima Catarina , Morgado Pedro , Carvalho Ana Franky , Coimbra Bárbara , Melo António , Rodrigues Ana João , Salgado António José , Pêgo José Miguel , Cerqueira João José , Costa Patrício , Sousa Nuno , Almeida Armando , Leite-Almeida Hugo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImpulsivity is a naturally occurring behavior that, when accentuated, can be found in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. The expression of trait impulsivity has been shown to change with a variety of factors, such as age and sex, but the existing literature does not reflect widespread consensus regarding the influence of modulating effects. We designed the present study to investigate, in a cohort of significant size (188 rats), the impact of four specific parameters, namely sex, age, strain and phase of estrous cycle, using the variable delay-to-signal (VDS) task. This cohort included (i) control animals from previous experiments; (ii) animals specifically raised for this study; and (iii) animals previously used for breeding purposes. Aging was associated with a general decrease in action impulsivity and an increase in delay tolerance. Females generally performed more impulsive actions than males but no differences were observed regarding delay intolerance. In terms of estrous cycle, no differences in impulsive behavior were observed and regarding strain, Wistar Han animals were, in general, more impulsive than Sprague-Dawley. In addition to further confirming, in a substantial study cohort, the decrease in impulsivity with age, we have demonstrated that both the strain and sex influences modulate different aspects of impulsive behavior manifestations.
HelixComplex snail mucus exhibits pro-survival, proliferative and pro-migration effects on mammalian fibroblasts
Authors: Trapella Claudio , Rizzo Roberta , Gallo Stefania , Alogna Andrea , Bortolotti Daria , Casciano Fabio , Zauli Giorgio , Secchiero Paola , Voltan Rebecca 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSnail mucus is a mixture of active substances commonly thought to have healthy properties for the treatment of skin disorders. Although snail mucus is an ingredient of several cosmetic and para-pharmaceutic products, a comprehensive characterization of chemical composition and biological effects is still missing. Crude purified extracts from Helix aspersa muller mucus (HelixComplex) were prepared and, after chemical characterization, tested on in vitro experimental models. Differently from what expected, HelixComplex was characterized by the presence of small amounts of glycolic acid and allantoin. By using different in vitro assays on fibroblast cultures, we found that HelixComplex lacked of cytotoxicity, protected cells from apoptosis (p < 0.05) and, importantly, was able to significantly induce cell proliferation and migration through direct and indirect mechanisms. These effects were associated to morphological changes, cytoskeleton re-organization and release of cytokines. In conclusion, our findings suggest that snail mucus biological effects are attributable to cell proliferation and migration, and pave the way for further investigating snail mucus potential as therapeutic agent.