bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Polysaccharide Component in the Vascular Lesions of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: MOORE RICHARD D. , SCHOENBERG MELVIN D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura have been used in this study. The typical vascular lesions associated with this syndrome were present in all instances. They consistently disclosed an accumulation of acidic polysaccharide similar to chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid. This is presented as further evidence for a primary alteration of the vessel walls in this disease.
The Effects of Concentrated Eluted Anti-Red Blood Cell Antibodies on the in Vivo Survival of Normal Red Blood Cells
Authors: CULP NEIL W. , CHAPLIN HUGH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A method has been described for the preparation and sterilization of a concentrated eluate from human red cell stroma.
2. Red cells sensitized by such an eluate prepared from normal control red cells showed entirely normal in vivo survival, as did cells sensitized by eluate from anti-H coated cells.
3. Sensitization of red cells by concentrated eluates from a patient with Coombs-negative acquired hemolytic anemia and from a patient with Coombs-positive acquired hemolytic anemia did not cause significant alteration in the in vivo survival of the red cells.
4. Red cells sensitized by the concentrated eluate from anti-D sensitized cells disappeared from the recipient’s circulation very rapidly and were sequestered in the spleen, indicating preservation of the physiologic properties of the antibody throughout the elution, concentration and sterilization procedures.
The Good Factor as a Possible Cause of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Authors: FRUMIN ABRAHAM M. , PORTER MARY MCKEE , EICHMAN MARY F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A new human blood factor is described for which the name Good is proposed. The Good factor has not been found in 1703 blood specimens thus far tested, whereas the antibody has been found in five instances. The anti-Good antibody is a gamma globulin of the 7 S class, active at 22 and 37 C., both in saline and albumin.
Analysis of Fibrinolysis by the Use of Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid: Preliminary Report
Authors: FUKUTAKE KATSUHIRO , SHIDA KEIJI , ARAKAWA TOYOME , KATO KATSUJI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
From the foregoing analysis of the inhibitory action of ε-aminocaproic acid in the fibrinolytic process, it is evident that the process involves two reaction phases, fibrinolysis and metafibrinolysis.
Fibrinolysopeptide and metafibrin are split off from fibrin in fibrinolysis. The former is a peptide with N-terminal glycine, while the latter is a monochloracetic acid-soluble metaprotein having both aspartic acid and tyrosine as N-terminal amino acids.
Megaloblastic Anemia of Pregnancy: Characteristics of Pure Megaloblastic Anemia and Megaloblastic Anemia Associated with Iron Deficiency
Authors: LAYRISSE MIGUEL , AGUERO OSCAR , BLUMENFELD NORMA , WALLIS HENRY , DUGARTE IRIS , OJEDA ADELINA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Morphology of the peripheral blood and bone marrow, iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 metabolism and estimation of erythrokinetics have been made in 17 patients with megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.
The peripheral blood showed the classic picture of megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy previously reported. Nine cases exhibited megaloblastic series in the marrow and 8 cases intermediate megaloblastic series.
Folic acid malabsorption was observed in 12 cases. The malabsorption was still present after remission in 6 of 7 cases studied. Folic acid induced complete or partial remission in all the cases but one. In cases with partial remission iron deficiency anemia developed and responded adequately to iron therapy.
The average of the serum level of vitamin B12 showed a diminution of approximately 39 per cent below normal level. Normal pregnant women belonging to the same social condition of the patients and well-to-do pregnant women showed the same reduction.
The erythrokinetics demonstrated that megaloblastic hyperplasia and iron turnover values do not correlate with the reticulocyte count. This indicates that the marrow activity was ineffective in terms of red cell production. This marrow dysfunction was associated with an increased rate of red cell destruction: approximately 4 times normal.
The clinical and laboratory data collected suggest the division of megaloblastic anemia cf pregnancy into two types: pure megaloblastic anemia of pregancy, and megaloblastic anemia associated with iron deficiency. The morphologic characteristics, the amount of hemosiderin contained in the bone marrow, the reticulocyte count, plasma iron, T ½ plasma iron clearance, plasma iron turnover, and response to treatment may permit one to separate one type from another.
Busulfan Therapy in Myeloid Metaplasia
Authors: OISHI NOBORU , SWISHER SCOTT N. , TROUP STANLEY B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Seven patients with myeloid metaplasia, massive splenomegaly and hypermetabolism were treated with busulfan in eight courses of therapy. In each instance, reduction in spleen size and improvement of symptoms occurred.
2. The total dose of busulfan in five of the cases ranged between 212 and 290 mg. Three of the patients developed leukopenia of moderate degree necessitating discontinuance of drug therapy.
3. It would appear that initial and maintenance doses of busulfan should be lower in patients with myeloid metaplasia than the doses customarily used in the treatment of patients with chronic myclocytic leukemia.
Toxic Porphyria
Authors: CETINGIL ARIF I. , ÖZEN MUHLIS A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Numerous cases of porphyria of the "cutanea tarda" type were observed recently in the southeastern districts of Turkey. The toxic agents appear to have been fungicides, including two mercury compounds together with hexachlorobenzol which were added to seed wheat. The disease did not appear in peasants who did not consume this seed wheat. There were no indications of buckwheat toxicity; furthermore, this seed is not cultivated in Turkey.
Six of the affected patients were treated in our clinic.
2. Clinically the patients presented cachexia, bullae, hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis, i.e., skin lesions of the cutanea tarda type of porphyria. There were no cases of splenomegaly, and no abdominal or neurologic signs.
3. The patients were found to have an organic and functional liver disease. No suprarenal cortical dysfunction was recorded. X-rays of the bones were normal. No signs of hemolysis were present. Bone marrow studies revealed slight normoblastic hyperplasia.
4. Urinary porphobilinogen was repeatedly found to be negative. Urinary and fecal uroporphyrin 1 and coproporphyin 111 were present in excess. The fecal excretion of coproporphyrin 111 was greater than that of uroporphyrin 1, whereas in the urine the relation was reversed. The bone marrow content of porphyrin was not increased. No fluorescence was recorded in the fresh unstained blood smears by fluorescence microscopy.
5. Our cases had the clinical and laboratory findings consistent with the cutanea tarda type of porphyria.
6. The advanced and severe alteration of our patients' porphyrin metabolism may not be reversible. Although the bullae disappeared during their hospital residence, the excessive porphyrin excretion was still present on their departure from the clinic.
7. For therapy, the patients were given a high caloric diet of protein rich food and treated with liver extracts, vitamin B1, B2, B12 and whole B-complex preparations. We can express no opinion as to the value of this treatment.
Erythropoietic Response to Anemia or Erythropoietin Injection in Uremic Rats With or Without Functioning Renal Tissue
Authors: REISSMANN KURT R. , NOMURA TAKEO , GUNN RICHARD W. , BROSIUS FRANK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Ureter-ligated rats, whose blood urea nitrogen concentration equalled that of nephrectomized animals, responded nearly like normal controls to bleeding or phenylhydrazine anemia, and erythropoietin was demonstrated in their plasma. This eliminates the urea retention as a depressing factor of erythropoiesis in uremia.
Bilaterally nephrectomized or mercury-bichloride poisoned rats did not respond significantly to anemic stimuli. No erythropoietin was found in the plasma of bled or phenylhydrazine-poisoned nephrectomized rats. The injection of erythropoietin produced significant increases in the erythropoiesis of nephrectomized or mercury-bichloride poisoned rats, but the response was substantially smaller than in ureter-ligated or sham-operated animals.
The presence of funtioning renal (tubular) tissue appears to be necessary for a normal erythropoietic response. Renal formation of erythropoietin with a rapid normal turnover, or the accumulation of an inhibitor, distinct from urea and normally inactivated by the kidneys, are discussed as possible mechanisms.
Catheptic Activity of Leukocytes in Normal and Leukemic Subjects
Authors: FRAENKEL-CONBAT J. , CHEW W. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. A method has been described for the determination of the catheptic activity of leukocytes.
2. The catheptic activity of the leukocytes of normal and leukemic individuals has been investigated.
3. The leukocytes from all cases of untreated lymphatic leukemia, either chronic or acute, show lower catheptic activity than the leukocytes from any of the untreated myelogenous leukemias, either chronic or acute; the values for normal cases ranged between these two classes with much overlap.
See PDF for Table
4. The lymphocyte fractions separated from the blood of normal subjects possess essentially the same catheptic activity as the total unfractionated leukocyte populations.
5. An attempt to isolate granulocytes from the blood of normal subjects for separate analysis was not successful.
The Role of Haptoglobin in the Clearance and Distribution of Extracorpuscular Hemoglobin
Authors: MURRAY ROBERT K. , CONNELL GEORGE E. , PERT JAMES H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Free hemoglobin is cleared from the plasma of the rabbit significantly faster than the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex. This difference can be partly attributed to the fact that free hemoglobin passes readily through the renal glomerulus whereas the complex is too large to pass through. The liver is the principal organ of hemoglobin-haptoglobin catabolism.
In the nephrectomized rabbit hemoglobin is cleared from the plasma significantly faster than the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex, and both molecules are catabolized in the same organs, principally the liver. The iron of both hemoglobin and the complex is rapidly recirculated to the bone marrow via transferrin.
Platelet and Fibrinogen Survival in Normal and Abnormal States of Coagulation
Authors: ADELSON EDWARD , RHEINGOLD JACK J. , PARKER OLIVE , BUENAVENTURA AMPERO , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Platelet and fibrinogen survival have been studied by isotope tagging in normal and abnormal states of coagulation in humans and dogs.
2. By our technic, the normal curve of platelet survival is exponential. Evidence is given that such a curve is obtained because of random utilization of the platelets in the continuous process of coagulation.
3. In the postoperative subject and in the subject receiving epinephrine injections, platelet survival is shortened because the process of coagulation is speeded up. In the hypocoagulable, the curve of platelet survival becomes more nearly linear because random platelet destruction ceases.
4. When a massive thrombus forms, platelet survival is shortened. Evidence is given that this may be due to escape of thrombin from the clot into the systemic circulation—with a resultant hypercoagulable state.
5. Fibrinogen survival was not altered in those states in which increased platelet utilization occurred. This is explained by the theory that the alteration in the hemostatic mechanism had not penetrated to the fibrinogen-fibrin stage.
6. Hypercoagulability is defined as that state in which platelet utilization is accelerated—whether or not thrombosis occurs.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Platelets
Authors: WURZEL HAROLD , MCCREARY THOMAS , BAKER LIESEL , GUMERMAN LEWIS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The concentration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) was found to be 150-350 units per billion platelets in 52 normal individuals. In 21 of 27 patients with thrombocytopenia the enzyme was found in normal concentrations.
Of the six cases showing thrombocytopenia with lowered enzyme concentration, five were examples of acute leukemia and one of disseminated lupus erythematosus.
In three individuals with "primaquine sensitive" erythrocytes the defect in the platelet G-6-PD was also present.
The significance of the lowered enzyme activity in the six patients with thrombocytopenia is not known.
The Diego Factor in a Puerto Rican Family: A Case of Anti-Diego
Authors: VAN PEENEN HUBERT J. , SCUDDER JOHN , JACK JAMES A. , AWER ERIKA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Diego blood group factor was shown to be present in a family of Puerto Ricans. 609 other Puerto Ricans were Diego negative.
The fourth reported case of anti-Diego is presented. The antibody was unusual in that it was discovered incidentally and did not cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.
Histochemical Demonstration of Diaphorases and Dehydrogenases in Normal Human Leukocytes and Platelets
Authors: BALOGH KAROLY , COHEN RICHARD B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method for the cytochemical demonstration of oxidative enzyme activity in the white cells and platelets of peripheral blood is described. The technic depends upon the reduction of a colorless ditetrazolium salt to a blue granular insoluble diformazan at the site of enzyme activity. Identification of the cells is accomplished by phase microscopy thus avoiding the deleterious effects of fixation and counterstaining. The distribution of oxidative enzyme activity in normal peripheral blood as observed by this method is discussed.
Studies on Homologous Bone Marrow Transplantation in Irradiated Rabbits
Authors: PIOMELLI SERGIO , BROOKE MARCUS S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
White New Zealand rabbits were exposed to 1100 r as a split dose of 600 r followed 24 hours later by 500 r and transplanted with fresh or frozen, lyophilized, sonicated homologous bone marrow. Fresh marrow was infused 24 hours or 72 hours after x-irradiation. All these animals received antibiotics and, in addition, another group received antibiotics only. Donors were females differing, on the basis of Cohen’s HgADF allelomorphic system for erythrocytes, from the recipient males. It was therefore possible to follow the success of the graft qualitatively by the occurrence of female heterophil leukocytes, and semiquantitatively by the presence of donor erythrocytes in the circulation of the recipient. Complete correlation between these two parameters did not occur: sometimes leukocytes, sometimes erythrocytes, and sometimes both elements of the donor were found in the circulation of the recipient. If animals retained their graft, complete repopulation with donor erythrocytes occurred at about the tenth week postirradiation and transplantation. The number of donor leukocytes present in the blood of the chimeras suggested a mixed population.
Not only were the grafts often incomplete but in many instances they were not permanent. Initially, all but one animal had a successful graft, but of the 18 animals which had received fresh marrow and survived at least 12 weeks 12 retained their graft.
Much better results in terms of permanent takes were obtained when the marrow was infused 24 hours, rather than 72 hours, after x-irradiation. Nonviable marrow had no protective effect, whereas antibotics did decrease the mortality.
An immune hemolytic anemia was shown to be part of the secondary disease syndrome. Antibodies specific to stored recipient erythrocytes were found in the sera of all chimeras between the third and seven weeks after transplantation. When donor erythrocytes were used, the test was positive on only 3 animals. These 3 animals died between the third and eighth weeks postirradiation with secondary disease. When stored recipient erythrocytes were thawed, labeled with Cr51, and infused into chimeras three or four weeks after irradiation and transplantation, they had in every case a greatly shortened half-life commensurate with a hemolytic anemia. Donor erythrocytes were infused into other chimeras and in all but one instance had a normal half-life. It is suggested that all rabbit chimeras develop secondary disease to some extent, as indicated by a weight loss and fall in hematocrit, but that the situation is not necessarily fatal, except when recovery of the host’s immune mechanism occurs in the presence of a graft which is actively producing antibodies against the host.
Brief Note: Hemoglobin S in Eti-Turks and the Allewits in Lebanon
Authors: AKSOY MUZAFFER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) The incidence of sickling among 966 people belonging to the Eti-Turk community in southern Turkey was found to be 16.8 per cent.
(2) Among the Allewits living in Lebanon—who are considered to have the same racial background as the Eti-Turks—the incidence of sickling was only 4 per cent.
Electron Microscopic Study of Leukocytes in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: PAEGLE ROLAND D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1). Leukocytes from eight patients with infectious mononucleosis, one with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and from three normal individuals were examined with the light and the electron microscope.
(2). Most of the mononuclear cells in infectious mononucleosis belonged to the lymphocytic series.
(3). Mitochondria in lymphocytes from patients with infectious mononucleosis were generally larger and more varied in appearance than those from normal individuals and from the patient with leukemia.
(4). Although there was some variation in the density of the cytoplasm, number of PNA granules, and appearance of the mitochondria, the differences were insufficient to justify an electron microscopic classification of lymphocytes as atypical or typical, as is possible with Wright-stained smears in light microscopy.
(5). Different forms of granules and inclusions in leukocytes were shown and their possible significance discussed.
(6). Electron dense deposits in channels interpreted as endoplasmic reticulum were demonstrated in some neutrophils.
Studies of a Patient with Selective Deficiency in Absorption of Vitamin B12
Authors: COLLE E. , GREENBERG L. , KRIVIT WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 2 year old girl with a megaloblastic anemia secondary to B12 deficiency was presented. The mechanism appeared to be a specific inability to absorb vitamin B12 from the small bowel in the absence of any other functional disability.
Evidence of absorption of vitamin B12 was obtained when intestinal juice from a normal patient was administered with the test dose of vitamin B12. This evidence consisted of (1) an increased urinary excretion of the test dose (positive Schilling test), (2) a decreased fecal excretion of the labelled B12 and (3) the presence of significant counts over the liver (positive Glass test).
A generalized malabsorption can only be totally and absolutely disproven by testing over many years. It is considered more probable, however, that this patient lacks an intestinal factor required for the absorption of vitamin B12.
A Case of Juvenile Pernicious Anemia : Study of the Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12
Authors: CLEMENT DAVID H. , NICHOL CHARLES A. , WELCH ARNOLD D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
David H. Clement, Charles A. Nichol and Arnold D. Welch: A case of juvenile pernicious anemia: Study of the effects of folic acid and vitamin B12. Blood 17:618-631 (May), 1961.
On page 625, the footnote to figure 3 should begin "Indicates …"
On page 628, the first sentence which begins in the text under table 1 should read: "Furthermore, recent evidence obtained from the study of the formation from homocysteine of its methylated derivative, methionine, suggests that vitamin B12 may be involved in the formation or utilization of a derivative of tetrahydrofolic acid.20,21"
A Syndrome Resembling Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency Associated with Long Term Busulfan (Myleran) Therapy
Authors: KYLE ROBERT A. , SCHWARTZ ROBERT S. , OLINER HERMAN L. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four patients who developed a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperpigmentation of the skin, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia and nausea while on long-term treatment with busulfan were described. The etiology of the disorder, although clearly related to the busulfan therapy, is obscure, but may be related to "dethiolation".
Anemia with Positive Direct Coombs' Test Induced by Trypan Blue
Authors: BROWN DAVID V. , BOEHNI EVA M. , NORLIND LORNA M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An anemia with a positive direct and indirect Coombs' test was induced in Wistar strain rats by injection of the dye trypan blue. The anemia was characterized by a shortened red cell survival time, increased osmotic fragility and reticulocytosis. There was an associated leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The positive Coombs' tests were regarded as a nonimmunologic phenomena and attributed to the protein binding properties of the dye. Splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy were constant findings in the anemic animals. Splenectomy did not alter the course of the anemia. The pathway of erythrocyte destruction was thought to involve the sequestration and destruction of protein coated cells in the spleen, lymph nodes and liver.
Abnormal ("Ringed") Sideroblasts in Various Hematologic and Non-Hematologic Disorders
Authors: BOWMAN WARREN D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Seventy-six patients with various hematologie and nonhematologic conditions were studied to determine the incidence of sideroblasts containing excessive numbers of Prussian-blue positive granules arranged in a ring around the nucleus. Large numbers of these cells were found in "refractory, normoblastic anemia," a condition characterized by ineffective erythropoiesis, and in certain infections. They also could be produced by nitrogen mustard. Aside from this, they were found in small to moderate numbers in a wide variety of conditions, and no conclusions could be drawn.
Studies on Iron Absorption. I. The Relationships Between the Rate of Erythropoiesis, Hypoxia and Iron Absorption
Authors: MENDEL GERALD A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) Evidence is presented that the augmentation of iron absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract produced by hypoxia can occur independently of acceleration of erythropoiesis.
(2) It is demonstrated that the hormone erythropoietin is capable of enhancing iron absorption; and that this property of erythropoietin is indirect, being dependent on acceleration of erythropoiesis.
(3) An experimental model for the study of those factors that affect iron absorption and are independent of increased red cell production is presented.
Functional Cytology of the Human Basophil in Allergic and Physiologic Reactions: Technic and Atlas
Authors: SHELLEY WALTER B. , JUHLIN LENNART 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
(1) A simple method is described for the rapid liquid fixation, concentration and staining of the blood basophil in man and in experimental animals.
(2) Morphologic alterations in basophils have been illustrated and a technic of classifying them has been presented.
Determination of Lymphocyte Turnover by Continuous Infusion of H3 Thymidine
Authors: LITTLE J. R. , BRECHER GEORGE , BRADLEY T. R. , ROSE S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The use of an osmotic pump for continuous infusion of H3 thymidine in rats is described. Estimates of turnover times of cells in the peripheral blood are 4 days for granulocytes, 60 days for large lymphocytes and in excess of 100 days for small lymphocytes. These turnover times include initial delay in release or maturation after the last mitosis in the marrow or nodes, and any time spent outside the circulation prior to final disappearance of a given cell from the peripheral blood. The data exclude reutilization as an explanation for the observed longevity of lymphocytes.