bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intragranular Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes Comprehensively Improves Aluminum Alloys
Authors: So Kang Pyo , Kushima Akihiro , Park Jong Gil , Liu Xiaohui , Keum Dong Hoon , Jeong Hye Yun , Yao Fei , Joo Soo Hyun , Kim Hyoung Seop , Kim Hwanuk , Li Ju , Lee Young Hee 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe room‐temperature tensile strength, toughness, and high‐temperature creep strength of 2000, 6000, and 7000 series aluminum alloys can be improved significantly by dispersing up to 1 wt% carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into the alloys without sacrificing tensile ductility, electrical conductivity, or thermal conductivity. CNTs act like forest dislocations, except mobile dislocations cannot annihilate with them. Dislocations cannot climb over 1D CNTs unlike 0D dispersoids/precipitates. Also, unlike 2D grain boundaries, even if some debonding happens along 1D CNT/alloy interface, it will be less damaging because fracture intrinsically favors 2D percolating flaws. Good intragranular dispersion of these 1D strengtheners is critical for comprehensive enhancement of composite properties, which entails change of wetting properties and encapsulation of CNTs inside Al grains via surface diffusion‐driven cold welding. In situ transmission electron microscopy demonstrates liquid‐like envelopment of CNTs into Al nanoparticles by cold welding.
Highly Reversible Oxygen‐Redox Chemistry at 4.1 V in Na4/7−x[□1/7Mn6/7]O2 (□: Mn Vacancy)
Authors: Mortemard de Boisse Benoit , Nishimura Shin‐ichi , Watanabe Eriko , Lander Laura , Tsuchimoto Akihisa , Kikkawa Jun , Kobayashi Eiichi , Asakura Daisuke , Okubo Masashi , Yamada Atsuo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIncreasing the energy density of rechargeable batteries is of paramount importance toward achieving a sustainable society. The present limitation of the energy density is owing to the small capacity of cathode materials, in which the (de)intercalation of ions is charge‐compensated by transition‐metal redox reactions. Although additional oxygen‐redox reactions of oxide cathodes have been recognized as an effective way to overcome this capacity limit, irreversible structural changes that occur during charge/discharge cause voltage drops and cycle degradation. Here, a highly reversible oxygen‐redox capacity of Na2Mn3O7 that possesses inherent Mn vacancies in a layered structure is found. The cross validation of theoretical predictions and experimental observations demonstrates that the nonbonding 2p orbitals of oxygens neighboring the Mn vacancies contribute to the oxygen‐redox capacity without making the Mn−O bond labile, highlighting the critical role of transition‐metal vacancies for the design of reversible oxygen‐redox cathodes.
Effects of the fenugreek extracts on high‐fat diet‐fed and streptozotocin‐induced type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Li Xiao‐yan , Lu Shuang‐shuang , Wang Hong‐lun , Li Gang , He Yan‐feng , Liu Xiao‐yu , Rong Rong , Li Ji , Lu Xuan‐cheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundTo study the antidiabetic effects and mechanisms of the fenugreek extracts in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced type 2 diabetic (T2DM) mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD).MethodsWe established C57BL/6J mice model of T2DM using HFD‐fed and STZ‐induced method. Then, the mice were administered with two types of fenugreek extracts (E1, flavonoid and E2, stilbene glycoside) for 4 weeks and the effects on fasting blood glucose (FBG), weight, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and pathological indexes were investigated.ResultsAdministration of fenugreek extracts decreased the FBG level compared with that of the model group. Comparatively, the high‐dose E2 decreased the FBG more significantly than the other treatments did. Both extracts showed an obvious antioxidant effect by increasing serum SOD and CAT activities and decreasing the MDA content. Furthermore, the high‐dose E1 showed a significant difference (P < .01) compared with the model group in the three investigated indexes.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that both the flavonoid and stilbene glycoside extracts of fenugreek improved the hyperglycemia in the T2DM mice model. Moreover, the antidiabetic effects of both extracts might be due to their antioxidant activity in vivo.
Lenalidomide versus lenalidomide + dexamethasone prolonged treatment after second‐line lenalidomide + dexamethasone induction in multiple myeloma
Authors: Lund Johan , Gruber Astrid , Lauri Birgitta , Duru Adil Doganay , Blimark Cecilie , Swedin Agneta , Hansson Markus , Forsberg Karin , Ahlberg Lucia , Carlsson Conny , Waage Anders , Gimsing Peter , Vangsted Annette Juul , Frølund Ulf , Holmberg Erik , Gahrton Gösta , Alici Evren , Hardling Mats , Mellqvist Ulf‐Henrik , Nahi Hareth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLenalidomide (Len) plus dexamethasone (Dex) is approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). It is possible that single‐agent Len may be effective as prolonged treatment regimen in RRMM once patients demonstrate an initial response to Len+Dex induction. Patients with RRMM who responded to first‐line Len+Dex in an observational study (NCT01430546) received up to 24 cycles of either Len (25 mg/day) or Len+Dex (25 mg/day and 40 mg/week) as prolonged treatment in a subsequent phase 2 clinical trial (NCT01450215). In the observational study (N = 133), median time to response was 1.7 (range 0.6–9.6) months. A complete response to all treatments received in both studies was observed in 11% of patients; very good partial response and partial response rates were 31% and 38%, respectively. Corresponding response rates in the subgroup of patients who did not enter the phase 2 trial (n = 71) were 3%, 18%, and 39%, respectively. Rates of disease progression at 2 years in the phase 2 trial were 47% versus 31% for Len versus Len+Dex (P = 0.14). After 36 months median follow‐up in surviving patients, median time to progression was not reached with Len+Dex and was 24.9 months (95% confidence interval 12.5–not calculable, P < 0.001) with Len. Three‐year OS among the total observational study population was 61% (95% CI, 52–69%). The corresponding rate among patients who entered the phase 2 clinical trial was 73% (95% CI, 60–83%) and was significantly lower among those patients who achieved ≥PR but did not proceed into the phase 2 trial (55%; P = 0.01). In the phase 2 trial, OS was 73% in both treatment arms (P = 0.70). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were more common with prolonged (phase 2 trial) versus short‐term (observational study) Len administration but remained manageable. Prolonged treatment with Len with or without Dex provides sustained, clinically relevant responses and demonstrates an acceptable safety profile.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Flexible On‐Chip Micro‐Supercapacitors by a Mechanical Scribing Process
Authors: Huang Tingting , Jiang Kai , Li La , Chen Shuai , Li Rui , Shen Guozhen , Chen Di 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOn‐chip micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) as efficient miniaturized energy storage devices have attracted great attention for potential application in flexible electronics. In this work, a facile and low cost mechanical scribing method was designed to fabricate flexible all‐solid‐state on‐chip MSCs arrays with ZnCo2O4 nanowires as the interdigitated electrodes, PVA/KOH as solid‐state electrolyte and Ag nanowires as current collector. The fabricated single on‐chip MSC is composed of 10 microelectrodes organized in an interdigitated planar geometry with the area of ∼1.05 cm2. Studies found that a single device can achieve a high areal energy density of 0.065 μWh cm−2 at 0.092 mW cm−2. The mechanical flexibility of the MSC is robust, only 1 % change was observed in capacitance when going through 2000 mechanical bending cycles. Furthermore, a multi‐functional nano/micro‐system was configured by integrating the on‐chip MSC as the energy unit and CdS nanowire‐based photodetector as the functional detecting unit. In the integrated system, the on‐chip MSC provides similar power supplier for the photodetectors as the conventional external energy unit, demonstrating the feasibility and potential application of the on‐chip MSCs for next generation flexible electronics.
A Smorgasbord of 17 Cobalt Complexes Active for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Hogue Ross W. , Schott Olivier , Hanan Garry S. , Brooker Sally 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSeventeen cobalt complexes—eleven dinuclear cobalt(II) complexes and three tetranuclear cobalt complexes (two mixed valent) of ditopic ligands, with varying N‐donor aromatic bridging moieties and pendant pyridine side arms, as well as three mononuclear cobalt(II) complexes of Schiff base macrocyclic ligands—have been screened for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. All 17 complexes are active catalysts for the HER, in both DMF and aqueous solution, in tandem with the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) photosensitiser. All are benchmarked to the literature standard [CoIII(dmgH)2(py)Cl] (dmg=dimethylglyoxime, py=pyridine) under identical conditions. Two families of dinuclear cobalt(II) complexes of bis‐tetradentate ligands that provide a triazole bridging moiety and mononuclear cobalt(II) complexes of tetradentate Schiff base macrocycles were found to be the most active catalysts, outperforming [CoIII(dmgH)2(py)Cl] by two‐ to three‐fold. Within these two families, the use of shorter alkyl linkers between the N donors, and hence, smaller chelate ring sizes, was found to significantly enhance catalytic performance, whereas the variation of peripheral functional groups was found to have little effect. This last point will be convenient for subsequent surface immobilisation studies.
Self‐Assembled Multinuclear Complexes Incorporating 99mTc
Authors: Frei Angelo , Mokolokolo Pennie P. , Bolliger Robin , Braband Henrik , Tsosane Mampotso S. , Brink Alice , Roodt Andreas , Alberto Roger 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMultinuclear complexes or clusters are rarely investigated in medicinal inorganic chemistry although they represent structural intermediates between molecules and nanomaterials. We present in this report two strategies towards 99mTc‐containing clusters. In a pre‐assembly approach, the preformed but incomplete cluster fragment [Re3(μ2‐OH)3(μ3‐OH)(CO)9]− reacts with [99mTc(CO)3]+ to the highly stable [99mTcRe3(μ3‐OH)4(CO)12] cube. The same structure self‐assembles when reacting the mononuclear Re and 99mTc precursors in one pot. Integrating the coordinating OH groups from Schiff bases in this concept leads straight to dinuclear, mixed‐metal complexes of the type [99mTcRe(μ2‐O^N‐R1)2(CO)6] in quantitative yields. Both strategies are unprecedented and open a future path towards clusters, incorporating a 99mTc radiolabel while being decorated with targeting or cytotoxic moieties.
Multifunctional Cyclopentadienes as a Scaffold for Combinatorial Bioorganometallics in [(η5‐C5H2R1R2R3)M(CO)3] (M=Re, 99mTc) Piano‐Stool Complexes
Authors: Frei Angelo , Spingler Bernhard , Alberto Roger 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMultifunctional cyclopentadiene (Cp) ligands and their rhenium and 99mTc complexes were prepared by a versatile synthetic route. The properties of these Cp ligands can be tuned on demand, either during their synthesis (variation of R1) or through post‐synthetic functionalization with two equal or different vectors (V1 and V2). Variation of these groups enables a combinatorial approach in the synthesis of bioorganometallic complexes. This is demonstrated by the preparation of Cp ligands containing both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups at the R1 position and their subsequent homo‐ or heterofunctionalization with biovector models (benzylamine and phenylalanine) under standard amide bond‐formation conditions. All ligands can be coordinated to the fac‐[Re(CO)3]+ and fac‐[99mTc(CO)3]+ cores to give tetrafunctional complexes in straightforward and functional‐group‐tolerant procedures. The 99mTc complexes were prepared in one step, in 30 min, and under aqueous conditions from generator‐eluted [99mTcO4]−.
Sex differences in the contemporary management of HIV patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ogunbayo Gbolahan O. , Bidwell Katrina , Misumida Naoki , Ha Le Dung , Abdel‐Latif Ahmed , Elayi Claude S. , Smyth Susan , Messerli Adrian W. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundStudies have reported sex differences in the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the general population. This observational study is designed to evaluate whether sex differences exist in the contemporary management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients admitted for diagnosis of AMI.HypothesisThere is no difference in management of HIV patients with AMI.MethodsUsing the National Inpatient Sample database, we identified patients with a primary diagnosis of AMI and a secondary diagnosis of HIV. We described baseline characteristics and outcomes using NIS documentation. Our primary areas of interest were revascularization and mortality.ResultsAmong 2 977 387 patients presenting from 2010 to 2014 with a primary diagnosis of AMI, 10907 (0.4%) had HIV (mean age, 54.1 ± 9.3 years; n = 2043 [18.9%] female). Females were younger, more likely to be black, and more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and anemia. Although neither males nor females were more likely to undergo coronary angiography in multivariate analysis, revascularization was performed less frequently in females than in males (45.4% vs 62.7%; P < 0.01), driven primarily by lower incidence of PCI. In a multivariate model, females were less likely to undergo revascularization (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.45–0.78, P < 0.01), a finding driven solely by PCI (OR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.49–0.83, P < 0.01). All‐cause mortality was similar in both groups.ConclusionsAMI was more common in males than females with HIV. Females with HIV were more likely to be younger and black and less likely to be revascularized by PCI.
Social immunity in honeybees—Density dependence, diet, and body mass trade‐offs
Authors: Jones Ben , Shipley Emily , Arnold Kathryn E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGroup living is favorable to pathogen spread due to the increased risk of disease transmission among individuals. Similar to individual immune defenses, social immunity, that is antiparasite defenses mounted for the benefit of individuals other than the actor, is predicted to be altered in social groups. The eusocial honey bee (Apis mellifera) secretes glucose oxidase (GOX), an antiseptic enzyme, throughout its colony, thereby providing immune protection to other individuals in the hive. We conducted a laboratory experiment to investigate the effects of group density on social immunity, specifically GOX activity, body mass and feeding behavior in caged honey bees. Individual honeybees caged in a low group density displayed increased GOX activity relative to those kept at a high group density. In addition, we provided evidence for a trade‐off between GOX activity and body mass: Individuals caged in the low group density had a lower body mass, despite consuming more food overall. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that group density affects a social immune response in a eusocial insect. Moreover, we showed that the previously reported trade‐off between immunity and body mass extends to social immunity. GOX production appears to be costly for individuals, and potentially the colony, given that low body mass is correlated with small foraging ranges in bees. At high group densities, individuals can invest less in social immunity than at low densities, while presumably gaining shared protection from infection. Thus, there is evidence that trade‐offs at the individual level (GOX vs. body mass) can affect colony‐level fitness.
Insights into the bacterial symbiont diversity in spiders
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Yun Yueli , Hu Guowen , Peng Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMost spiders are natural enemies of pests, and it is beneficial for the biological control of pests to learn the relationships between symbionts and their spider hosts. Research on the bacterial communities of insects has been conducted recently, but only a few studies have addressed the bacterial communities of spiders. To obtain a complete overview of the microbial communities of spiders, we examined eight species of spider (Pirata subpiraticus, Agelena difficilis, Artema atlanta, Nurscia albofasciata, Agelena labyrinthica, Ummeliata insecticeps, Dictis striatipes, and Hylyphantes graminicola) with high‐throughput sequencing based on the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. The bacterial communities of the spider samples were dominated by five types of endosymbionts, Wolbachia, Cardinium, Rickettsia, Spiroplasma, and Rickettsiella. The dominant OTUs (operational taxonomic units) from each of the five endosymbionts were analyzed, and the results showed that different spider species were usually dominated by special OTUs. In addition to endosymbionts, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Acinetobacter, Novosphingobium, Aquabacterium, Methylobacterium, Brevundimonas, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Citrobacter, Arthrobacter, Pseudonocardia, Microbacterium, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus were detected in spider samples in our study. Moreover, the abundance of Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Brevundimonas, and Rhizobium in the spider D. striatipes was significantly higher (p < .05) than the bacterial abundance of these species in seven other spider species. These findings suggest that same as in insects, co‐infection of multiple types of endosymbionts is common in the hosts of the Araneae order, and other bacterial taxa also exist in spiders besides the endosymbionts.
Native myocardial T1 time can predict development of subsequent anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Muehlberg Fabian , Funk Stephanie , Zange Leonora , von Knobelsdorff‐Brenkenhoff Florian , Blaszczyk Edyta , Schulz Alexander , Ghani Saeed , Reichardt Annete , Reichardt Peter , Schulz‐Menger Jeanette 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsThis study aims to assess subclinical changes in functional and morphological myocardial magnetic resonance parameters very early into an anthracycline treatment, which may predict subsequent development of anthracycline‐induced cardiomyopathy (aCMP).Methods and resultsThirty sarcoma patients with planned anthracycline‐based chemotherapy (360–400 mg/m2 doxorubicin‐equivalent) were recruited. Median treatment time was 19.1 ± 2.1 weeks. Enrolled individuals received three cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies (before treatment, 48 h after first anthracycline treatment, and upon completion of treatment). Native T1 mapping (modified Look–Locker inversion recovery 5s(3s)3s), T2 mapping, and extracellular volume maps were acquired in addition to a conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance with steady‐state free precession cine imaging at 1.5 T. Patients were given 0.2 mmol/kg gadoteridol for extracellular volume quantification and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Development of relevant aCMP was defined as drop of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by >10%. For analysis, 23 complete data sets were available. Nine patients developed aCMP with LVEF reduction >10% until end of chemotherapy. Baseline LVEF was not different between patients with and without subsequent aCMP. When assessed 48 h after first dose of antracyclines, patients with subsequent aCMP had significantly lower native myocardial T1 times compared with before therapy (1002.0 ± 37.9 vs. 956.5 ± 29.2 ms, P < 0.01) than patients who did not develop aCMP (990.9 ± 56.4 vs. 978.4 ± 57.4 ms, P > 0.05). Patients with aCMP had decreased left ventricular mass upon completion of therapy (86.9 ± 24.5 vs. 81.1 ± 22.3 g; P = 0.02), while patients without aCMP did not show a change in left ventricular mass (81.8 ± 21.0 vs. 79.2 ± 18.1 g; P > 0.05). No patient developed new myocardial scars or compact myocardial fibrosis under chemotherapy.ConclusionsEarly decrease of T1 times 48 h after first treatment with anthracyclines can predict the development of subsequent aCMP after completion of chemotherapy.
T cell‐derived IFN‐γ downregulates protective group 2 innate lymphoid cells in murine lupus erythematosus
Authors: Düster Mathis , Becker Martina , Gnirck Ann‐Christin , Wunderlich Malte , Panzer Ulf , Turner Jan‐Eric 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important regulators of the immune response and play a crucial role in the restoration of tissue homeostasis after injury. GATA‐3+ IL‐13‐ and IL‐5‐producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been shown to promote tissue repair in barrier organs, but despite extensive research on ILCs in the recent years, their potential role in autoimmune diseases is still incompletely understood. In the present study, we investigate the role of ILC2s in the MRL/MpJ‐Faslpr (MRL‐lpr) mouse model for severe organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We show that in these MRL‐lpr mice, progression of lupus nephritis is accompanied with a reduction of ILC2 abundance in the inflamed renal tissue. Proliferation/survival and cytokine production of kidney‐residing ILC2s was suppressed by IFN‐γ and, to a lesser extent, by IL‐27 which were produced by activated T cells and myeloid cells in the nephritic kidney, respectively. Most importantly, restoration of ILC2 numbers by IL‐33‐mediated expansion ameliorated lupus nephritis and prevented mortality in MRL‐lpr mice. In summary, we show here that development of SLE‐like kidney inflammation leads to a downregulation of the renal ILC2 response and identify an ILC2‐expanding therapy as a promising treatment approach for autoimmune diseases.
Call blocking and outage probability in energy‐efficient LTE networks
Authors: Kanwal Kapil , Safdar Ghazanfar Ali , Rehman Masood Ur 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMobile operators are continuously expanding network infrastructure through the deployment of additional base stations to satisfy ever growing user demands. In parallel, number of users is also increasing due to advancement in mobile applications. Enlarged number of users and base stations introduce major problems, such as call blocking and outage probability, due to limited resources and interference caused by frequency reuse, respectively. Both these parameters play a key role in estimation of overall system performance. Alongside, energy efficiency (EE) is a vital parameter to enable portability and longevity of mobile user equipment. This paper investigates call blocking and channel outage probability in reduced early handover (REHO) deployed Long‐Term Evolution networks. System level simulations are performed in MATLAB to analyze the performance of REHO before it is compared with Long‐Term Evolution standard and other state of the art for key performance‐related parameters including EE, outage probability, and call blocking probability. Besides increased EE, REHO is also found to be competitive enough in terms of call blocking probability in the presence of Poisson process call arrivals.