bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rewriting the Legacy of the Turkish Exile of Comparative Literature
Authors: Oruc Firat 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Numerous critics have revisited the Turkish exile of “the founding fathers” of humanist philology, Erich Auerbach and Leo Spitzer, in the period between the rise of Nazism in Germany and the end of World War II. Yet these recuperative analyses have been centered on the role of the experience of cultural displacement in the intellectual transformation of the émigré scholars. By contrast, this article offers a critical analysis of how the Turkish end of humanism (especially in the case of Auerbach and Spitzer’s students) was entangled with the politics of Kemalist cultural reforms. If comparative literature was “invented” during the Istanbul exile of Spitzer and Auerbach, this article re-writes this invention process by highlighting the semantic and ideological inflections it took in the hands of the Turkish humanists.
Populism in Power: Between Inclusion and Autocracy
Authors: de la Torre Carlos , Peruzzotti Enrique 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Latin American historical experience with populist regimes as well as the theoretical reflections produced by Latin Americanists are particularly relevant not just for determining the nature of a very contested political concept but also for understanding the logic of populism in government and the threats it poses to liberal democratic regimes. Populism in government or the attempt at stabilizing a populist regime is no novelty for Latin America, a continent where populism has been a constant presence in politics since the 1930s. Along with their inclusionary impulse, those experiences left a long-lasting troublesome institutional and cultural legacy of political polarization, weak institutions, and recurrent authoritarianism. Populism made a comeback in several countries during the novel democratic period, largely due to the severe crisis that many of the democratic regimes encountered. Inspired by radical democratic ideals, contemporary populism actively engaged in a politics of regime transformation.
Character Workshop
Authors: Egan Joseph B. 
Published: August 2018

Editor's Note.—“Character Workshop” should be of interest and value to all teachers who are attempting character education. Mr. Egan will develop in this page, from week to week, the underlying philosophy of this phase of educational work, with practical suggestions for immediate use. Schools that have the author's Monthly Service will find in these articles a treatment of correlated matters and, in a sense, an amplification of that service. You are invited to submit Character Questions to Mr. Egan for consideration in “Character Workshop.”
Mortality, Ethnicity, and Urbanization Among Children Aged 1-4 Years on the US-Mexico Border
Authors: McDonald Jill A. , Brantley Lindsey , Paulozzi Leonard J. 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: Little is known about the mortality of children along the US-Mexico border. The objective of our study was to determine whether mortality rates among Hispanic children along the border (“border Hispanic children”) exceeded mortality rates among non-Hispanic white children along the border. Methods: We examined mortality rates from 2001-2015 for children aged 1-4 years in US-Mexico border counties and in the United States overall. We compared mortality rates among Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children by county urbanization level (large central, medium, and small metropolitan; micropolitan nonmetropolitan; and noncore nonmetropolitan). Results: During 2001-2015, 1811 children aged 1-4 years died in the border region. The mortality rate per 100 000 children among border Hispanic children (28.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 26.8-29.9) exceeded the mortality rate of US Hispanic children (24.7; 95% CI, 24.3-25.1) and border non-Hispanic white children (23.2; 95% CI, 20.8-25.6). When stratified by county urbanization level, however, mortality rates of border Hispanic children were not significantly different from mortality rates of US Hispanic or border non-Hispanic white children. Mortality rates in noncore nonmetropolitan counties were twice those in large central metropolitan counties, with injury mortality accounting for most of the excess. Mortality rates increased in nonmetropolitan border counties after 2010. Conclusions: Increased risk for injury and disease in noncore nonmetropolitan counties might be related to poverty, reduced access to care, or poorer quality of care. Future research should identify the remediable risk factors in such communities as the next step in preventing deaths among children aged 1-4 years.
Personal characteristics associated with the effect of childhood trauma on health
Authors: Muench John , Levy Sheldon , Rdesinski Rebecca , Schiefer Rebekah , Gilbert Kristin , Fleishman Joan 
Published: August 2018

Objective This article will describe a pilot study to explore associations between adult attachment style, resilience, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and adult health. Method A self-report survey was mailed to 180 randomly selected primary care patients and linked to a retrospective chart review. The patients met the following criteria: (1) enrolled for at least the previous year at their primary care clinic, (2) 21 years of age or greater, (3) English as their primary language, and (4) were seen by their provider on selected dates of the study. The survey was made up of three instruments: (1) the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire which consists of 10 questions about the respondent’s adverse experiences during their first 18 years of life; (2) the Relationship Scales Questionnaire which measures adult attachment style; and (3) the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, a self-report scale that measures individual’s perceptions of their resilience. For each returned questionnaire, we calculated a measure of medical complexity using the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index. Results Of the 180 randomly selected patients from four clinic sites, 84 (46.6%) returned completed questionnaires. We found that Adverse Childhood Experience scores were significantly correlated with health and attachment style and trended toward association with resilience. Conclusion This pilot study revealed expected relationships of the complex associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences, attachment style, and resiliency. Further research with more subjects is warranted in order to continue to explore these relationships.
The risk management of medical device-related pressure ulcers based on the Australian/New Zealand Standard
Authors: Chen Lijuan 
Published: August 2018

Objective To analyse medical device-related pressure ulcer (MDRPU) management modes and their possible risks and provide references to treat MDRPUs. Methods The Australian/New Zealand Standard (AS/NZS) 4360:2004 risk management standard is the first national risk management standard in the world. Zhongshan Hospital adopted the standard to establish risk management modes to improve the MDRPU risk management process and to register, assess and analyse the key risks for MDRPUs. Eight risk types were identified and registered: organization management risk, environment risk, patient safety risk, human resource risk, infection risk, occupational safety risk, legal risk and reputational risk. Results Following the implementation of the AS/NZS 4360:2004 risk management standard in our institution, the organization management risk value decreased from 25 to 5; the environment risk value decreased from 25 to 5; the patient safety risk value decreased from 20 to 3; the human resource risk value decreased from 16 to 4; the infection risk value decreased from 9 to 1; the occupational risk value decreased from 9 to 6; the legal risk value decreased from 9 to 4; and the reputational risk value decreased from 12 to 2. Conclusion The AS/NZS 4360:2004 risk management standard was effective in managing the risk of MDRPUs.
Economy of Hand Motion During Cleft Palate Surgery Using a High-Fidelity Cleft Palate Simulator
Authors: Ghanem Ali , Podolsky Dale J. , Fisher David M. , Wong Riff Karen W. , Myers Simon , Drake James M. , Forrest Christopher R. 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess economy of hand motion of residents, fellows, and staff surgeons using a high-fidelity cleft palate simulator to (1) stratify performance for the purpose of simulator validation and (2) to estimate the learning curve. Design: Two residents, 2 fellows, and 2 staff surgeons performed cleft palate surgery on a high-fidelity cleft palate simulator while their hand motion was tracked using an electromagnetic hand sensor. The time, number of hand movements, and path length of their hands were determined for 10 steps of the procedure. The magnitude of these metrics was compared among the 3 groups of participants and utilized to estimate the learning curve using curve-fitting analysis. Results: The residents required the most time, number of hand movements, and path length to complete the procedure. Although the number of hand movements was closely matched between the fellows and staff, the overall total path length was shorter for the staff. Inverse curves were fit to the data to represent the learning curve and 25 and 113 simulation sessions are required to reach within 5% and 1% of the expert level, respectively. Conclusion: The simulator successfully stratified performance using economy of hand motion. Path length is better matched to previous level of experience compared to time or number of hand movements.
Using art to illuminate social workers’ stress
Authors: Huss Ephrat , Hafford-Letchfield Trish 
Published: August 2018

Summary: This article aims to capture the self-defined holistic interaction between stressors, stress reactions and coping for social workers’ stress. We utilised an arts-based intervention in the form of a single drawing with 80 social workers, who were actively guided to explore their own stressors, stress reactions and coping. Findings: Our findings suggest that whilst social workers define their stressors as being related to a lack of social work professional and managerial support (a macro problem), they experience this stress as lack of personal efficacy and self-worth and expect to cope by drawing on their inner strengths rather than by challenging the ‘system’ (micro solutions). Thus, they tend not to utilise available systemic ideas and theories in social work to address their own problems. Application: These findings offer a way of exploring stress and coping as an interactive whole that helps to understand both systemic stressors and the gaps in social workers’ coping methods. It also explores the relationship between stressors, stress reactions and coping through the personal drawings and narratives of participating social workers. The findings are relevant for supervisors, and managers helping social workers to manage stress, and offer an example of how visual methods might be used as a pedagogic tool in social work education and practice.
Kinome analyses of inflammatory responses to swine barn dust extract in human bronchial epithelial and monocyte cell lines
Authors: Nath Neerukonda Sabari , Mahadev-Bhat Sanjana , Aylward Bridget , Johnson Casey , Charavaryamath Chandrashekhar , Arsenault Ryan J 
Published: August 2018

Exacerbated inflammation upon persistent barn organic dust exposure is a key contributor to the pathogenesis of lung inflammation and lung function decline. Barn dust constituents and the mechanisms contributing to the exacerbated inflammation are not clearly known. We set out to understand the inflammatory effects of Swine Barn Dust Extracts (SBDE) on human lung epithelial (BEAS2B) and macrophage (THP-1 monocyte derived) cell lines on a kinome array to determine phosphorylation events in the inflammatory signaling pathways. Upon identifying events unique to SBDE or those induced by innate immune ligands in each cell line, we validated the signaling pathway activation by transcriptional analyses of downstream inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate that SBDE-mediated pro-inflammatory effects are predominantly due to the induction of neutrophilic chemokine IL-8. Differentially phosphorylated peptides implicated in IL-8 induction in BEAS2B cell line include, TLR2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, PKC, MAP kinases (p38, JNK), inflammasomes (NLRP1, NLRP3), NF-κB and AP-1. In the THP-1 cell line, in addition to the aforementioned peptides, peptides corresponding to RIG-I-like receptors (RIG-I, MDA5) were found. This is the first report to demonstrate the application of a kinome array to delineate key inflammatory signaling pathways activated upon SBDE exposure in vitro.
Synthetic Turf: History, Design, Maintenance, and Athlete Safety
Authors: Jastifer James R. , McNitt Andrew S. , Mack Christina D. , Kent Richard W. , McCullough Kirk A. , Coughlin Michael J. , Anderson Robert B. 
Published: August 2018

Context: Synthetic turf has become an increasingly common playing surface for athletics and has changed dramatically since its introduction more than 50 years ago. Along with changes to surface design, maintenance needs and recommendations have become more standardized and attentive both to upkeep and player-level factors. In particular, synthetic turf maintenance as it relates to athlete health and safety is an important consideration at all levels of play. Evidence Acquisition: A literature search of MEDLINE and PubMed for publications between the years 1990 and 2018 was conducted. Keywords included s ynthetic turf, artificial turf, field turf, and playing surface. Additionally, expert opinion through systematic interviews and practical implementation were obtained on synthetic turf design and maintenance practices in the National Football League. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Results: Synthetic turf has changed considerably since its inception. Playing surface is a critical component of the athletic environment, playing a role both in performance and in athlete safety. There are several important structural considerations of third-generation synthetic turf systems currently used in the United States that rely heavily on strong and consistent maintenance. A common misconception is that synthetic turf is maintenance free; in fact, however, these surfaces require routine maintenance. Whether athletes experience more injuries on synthetic over natural surfaces is also of interest among various levels and types of sport. Conclusion: Modern synthetic turf is far different than when originally introduced. It requires routine maintenance, even at the level of local athletics. It is important for sports medicine personnel to be familiar with playing surface issues as they are often treating athletes at the time of injury and should maintain a level of awareness of contemporary research and practices regarding the relationships between synthetic turf and injury.
Impact of socioeconomic status on coronary artery calcification
Authors: Djekic Demir , Angerås Oskar , Lappas Georg , Fagman Erika , Fagerberg Björn , Bergström Göran , Rosengren Annika 
Published: August 2018

Background Low socioeconomic status is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease, but few studies have investigated the potential link between living in an area with a low versus a high socioeconomic status and coronary artery calcification, a marker of subclinical coronary artery disease. Design The design of this study was a cross-sectional study. Methods We evaluated 1067 participants with no history of coronary artery disease from the pilot phase of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS). Men and women aged 50–64 years were recruited from three high-socioeconomic status ( n = 541) and three low-socioeconomic status ( n = 526) areas in the city of Gothenburg (550,000 inhabitants). The coronary artery calcification score was assessed with the Agatston method using computed tomography, with individuals classified into either no coronary calcification ( n = 625; mean age, 57 years) or any coronary artery calcification ( n = 442; mean age, 59 years (men, 68.5%)). Results Coronary artery calcification was present in 244 (46.3%) and 198 (36.6%) individuals from the low- and high-socioeconomic status areas, respectively. Participants from the low-socioeconomic status areas had a significantly higher risk factor burden. In a multivariable logistic regression model with adjustment for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors, the odds for coronary artery calcification were not significantly higher among persons living in low-socioeconomic status areas (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.87–1.60). Conclusion In this relatively small cross-sectional study, we observed an association between living in a low-socioeconomic status area and coronary artery calcification. However, this was mostly explained by higher levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors, indicating that the effect of socioeconomic status on the atherosclerotic process works through an increased burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
All three IP3 receptor subtypes generate Ca2+ puffs, the universal building blocks of IP3-evoked Ca2+ signals
Authors: Mataragka Stefania , Taylor Colin W. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
All three subtypes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) are intracellular Ca2+ channels that are co-regulated by IP3 and Ca2+. This allows IP3Rs to evoke regenerative Ca2+ signals, the smallest of which are Ca2+ puffs that reflect the coordinated opening of a few clustered IP3Rs. We use total internal reflection microscopy (TIRF) microscopy to record Ca2+ signals in HEK cells expressing all three IP3R subtypes or a single native subtype. Ca2+ puffs are less frequent in cells expressing one IP3R subtype, commensurate with them expressing fewer IP3Rs than wild-type cells. However, all three IP3R subtypes generate broadly similar Ca2+ puffs with similar numbers of IP3Rs contributing to each. This suggests that IP3R clusters may be assembled by conserved mechanisms that generate similarly sized clusters across different IP3R expression levels. The Ca2+ puffs evoked by IP3R2 had slower kinetics and more prolonged durations, which may be due to IP3 binding with greater affinity to IP3R2. We conclude that Ca2+ puffs are the building blocks for the Ca2+ signals evoked by all IP3Rs.
Haematology of N’Dama and West African Shorthorn cattle herds under natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge in Ghana
Authors: Ganyo Ebenezer Yaw , Boampong Johnson N , Masiga Daniel K , Villinger Jandouwe , Turkson Paa Kobina 
Published: August 2018

Background: Animal trypanosomosis is a major cause of economic loss in livestock production in Africa. A suggested control measure is to use breeds with traits of trypanotolerance. The study examines the effect of natural Trypanosoma vivax challenge on haematological parameters in two trypanotolerant cattle [N’Dama and West African Shorthorn (WASH)] herds. Methods: Trypanosoma vivax-specific primers were used to diagnose T. vivax infection in an N’Dama herd at Cape Coast in southern Ghana and a WASH herd at Chegbani in northern Ghana from May to July 2011 in a cross-sectional study. Levels of haematological parameters comprising packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and red blood cell (RBC) and total white blood cell (TWBC) counts; differential WBC counts (neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils); and RBC indices of mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined in blood samples and then compared between infected and uninfected cattle. Results: We found that haematological indices for infected and uninfected animals in both breeds were within the normal range. However, the mean PCV values for T. vivax-infected WASH and N’Dama were lower in infected compared to uninfected animals. The difference was significant ( p< 0.05) in N’Dama but not in WASH. Conclusion: Despite the presence of infection by T. vivax, N’Dama and WASH cattle maintained their haematological parameters within acceptable normal ranges, which confirms their trypanotolerant trait. This highlights the need for low-input traditional African farmers in medium, high and severe tsetse challenge areas to be educated on the advantages of N’Dama and WASH breeds to increase their utilization in integrated tsetse and trypanosomosis control programmes.
TRGAted: A web tool for survival analysis using protein data in the Cancer Genome Atlas.
Authors: Borcherding Nicholas , Bormann Nicholas L. , Voigt Andrew P. , Zhang Weizhou 
Published: August 2018

Reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPAs) are a highthroughput approach to protein quantification utilizing an antibody-based micro-to-nano scale dot blot. Within the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), RPPAs were used to quantify over 200 proteins in 8,167 tumor or metastatic samples. This protein-level data has particular advantages in assessing putative prognostic or therapeutic targets in tumors. However, many of the available pipelines do not allow for the partitioning of clinical and RPPA information to make meaningful conclusions. We developed a cloud-based application, TRGAted to enable researchers to better examine survival based on single or multiple proteins across 31 cancer types in the TCGA. TRGAted contains up-to-date overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free interval and progression-free interval information. Furthermore, survival information for primary tumor samples can be stratified based on gender, age, tumor stage, histological type, and subtype, allowing for highly adaptive and intuitive user experience. The code and processed data is open sourced and available on github and with a tutorial built into the application for assisting users.
Pilot study of publicly available data to evaluate the relationship between forest fires and emergency department visits due to asthma in the state of California
Authors: Srour Hayat , Fomenko Ruslan , Baguley Joshua , Bellinger Shandra , Jordan Angel , Sutton Jennifer , Santana Melany , Marull Armando , Abdalhuk Musheer , Rivera-Mariani Félix E. 
Published: August 2018

The focus of this study was to determine the relationship between asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits and fires in the state of California. Publicly available data of ED visits due to asthma, as well as occurrence of forest fires in California from 2005 to 2015 were obtained, where the California counties were grouped by region: North, Coastal, Motherload, Central, and South. There were no statistical differences with regards to acres of forest burned, but statistically significant differences were found (although small) with regards to ED visits due to asthma attacks by region (Motherload higher than South region). When evaluating the relationship of ED visits due to asthma and acres of forest burned, forest fires barely explained the variability of emergency department visits (r2 = f 0.05, p<0.01). With aims to establish a connection between natural disasters and respiratory distress, we faced obstacles in data limitations and confounding variables. This paper serves as a pilot study supporting the need for further exploration of environmental, health, and socio-demographic variables that interplay when evaluating relationships of natural disasters and incidence of chronic diseases, such as asthma.