bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Shoulder Behavior From the Viewpoint of Minimized Shoulder Joint Load Among Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi , Hayashi Toyohiko , Inui Hiroaki , Muto Tomoyuki , Ninomiya Hiroki , Nakamura Yasuo , Yoshiya Shinichi , Nobuhara Katsuya 
Published: August 2018

Background: During pitching, an overloaded joint reaction force exerted on the shoulder and excessive shoulder horizontal abduction at ball release are considered risk factors causing anterior shoulder pain for young baseball pitchers. Hypothesis/Purpose: The first aim was to examine the relationship between shoulder horizontal abduction position and force on the shoulder at ball release. The second was to identify the relative rotational position of the shoulder and the range of shoulder motion at ball release that minimize force on the shoulder. It was hypothesized that the amount of force on the shoulder would be exacerbated by excessive shoulder horizontal abduction. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Participants were 183 adolescent baseball pitchers (mean ± SD age, 15.5 ± 1.2 years) without shoulder/elbow problems. Each pitcher threw 5 fastballs to a catcher behind a home plate. The kinematics and kinetics of the throwing shoulder during fastball pitching were calculated with 3-dimensional measurements from 36 reflective markers. In data analysis, the correlations were calculated between the relative rotational positions of the shoulder (abduction, horizontal adduction-abduction) and the forces on the shoulder (anterior-posterior, proximal, and superior-inferior) at ball release. Subsequently, the specific rotational position and range of motion of the shoulder at ball release that minimized forces on the shoulder were determined. Results: Statistically significant correlations were identified between the magnitude of superior-inferior force on the shoulder and shoulder abduction position ( R2 = 0.44, P < .001) as well as between the magnitude of anterior-posterior force on the shoulder and shoulder horizontal adduction-abduction position ( R2 = 0.72, P < .001). Minimal anterior-posterior and superior-inferior forces were obtained with a combination of 80.6° of shoulder abduction and 10.7° of shoulder horizontal adduction. Any deviation >5° from this position significantly increased the anterior-posterior and superior-inferior forces on the shoulder. Conclusion: Increasing shoulder horizontal abduction position significantly increased the magnitude of anterior force on the shoulder at ball release. The combination of 80.6° of shoulder abduction and 10.7° of horizontal shoulder adduction minimized the shear forces on the shoulder at this point. Clinical Relevance: The present data can be useful for screening pitching technique to prevent shoulder pain and injury with motion capture assessment.
Regimes of Realization: Using Marx and Kalecki to Understand the US Economy, including the Great Recession and the “Recovery”
Authors: Brennan David M. 
Published: August 2018

By integrating selected Kaleckian and Marxian insights, this paper analyzes the sources of profit realization and the profit rate in the US economy from 1964–2013. The most significant sources of profit realization in the United States are capitalists’ consumption and workers’ debt, which historically have been under appreciated both theoretically and empirically. The insights gleaned by analyzing the sources of profit realization aid in understanding the Great Recession and the future of the US economy. JEL Classifications: B51, E11
Damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus in Dominicans in New York City and the Dominican Republic
Authors: Geraldino-Pardilla L , Kapoor T , Canto I , Perez-Recio T , Then J , Tineo C , Loyo E , Askanase A 
Published: August 2018

Objectives Hispanics with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the United States have more severe disease and damage accrual compared with whites. Data on Hispanics of similar ancestry in geographically different locations is limited but essential in defining genetic and environmental factors for SLE. This study evaluates SLE disease burden in two Dominican communities, Washington Heights in New York City (NYC) and Santiago in the Dominican Republic (DR). Methods Disease activity (SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K)) and damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI)) were cross-sectionally measured in 76 Dominican SLE patients from the Columbia University Lupus Cohort in NYC and compared with 75 Dominican SLE patients living in Santiago in the DR. Results Mean (±SD) age was 40 (±14) and 36 (±11) years for NYC and DR patients, respectively. Median disease duration was 8 years. Disease activity was mild in both groups (SLEDAI-2K of 3 in NYC versus 4 in the DR). NYC Dominicans had more discoid lesions, positive anti-dsDNA, and anti-SSB antibodies. Dominicans in the DR used more corticosteroids, had less medical insurance, lower educational level, and were more likely to be unemployed, whereas more Dominicans in NYC smoked. NYC patients had a higher SDI compared with SLE patients in the DR (0.96 versus 0.24, p < 0.0001). Statistical significance was maintained in adjusted analysis (1.26 versus 0.57, p < 0.0001). Conclusion SLE Dominican patients in NYC had a higher SDI than those in the DR. Longitudinal studies are needed to ascertain whether this difference is due to biological, environmental factors, immigration patterns or a survival bias.
Cancer Subtype Discovery Using Prognosis-Enhanced Neural Network Classifier in Multigenomic Data
Authors: Vasudevan Prasanna , Murugesan Thangamani 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The main objective in studying large-scale cancer omics is to identify molecular mechanisms of cancer and discover novel biomedical targets. This work not only discovers the cancer subtypes in genome scale data by using clustering and classification but also measures their accuracy. Methods: Initially, candidate cancer subtypes are recognized by max-flow/min-cut graph clustering. Finally, prognosis-enhanced neural network classifier is proposed for classification. We analyzed the heterogeneity and identified the subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme, an aggressive adult brain tumor, from 215 samples with microRNA expression (12 042 genes). The samples were classified into 4 different classes such as mesenchymal, classical, proneural, and neural subtypes owing to mutations and gene expression. The results are measured using the metrics such as silhouette width, biological stability index, clustering accuracy, precision, recall, and f-measure. Results: Max-flow/min-cut clustering produces higher clustering accuracy of 88.93% for 215 samples. The proposed prognosis-enhanced neural network classifier algorithm produces higher accuracy results of 89.2% for 215 samples efficiently. Conclusion: From the experimental results, the proposed prognosis-enhanced neural network classifier is seen as an alternative, which is full of promise for cancer subtype prediction in genome scale data.
Oncology Patient Portal Enrollment at a Comprehensive Cancer Center: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: McCleary Nadine J. , Greenberg Teresa L. , Barysauskas Constance M. , Guerette Elissa J. , Hassan Malyun , Jacobson Joseph O. , Schrag Deborah 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: Patient portals (PPs) provide patients access to their electronic health record and may facilitate active engagement in their care. Because PP use has not been well studied among patients with cancer, we sought to: understand the willingness of patients with cancer to use the PP, identify barriers to PP use, and improve PP accessibility. Materials and Methods: As part of an institutional quality improvement initiative, we used a stakeholder-driven approach to examine PP use at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (Boston, MA). We conducted a survey across all ambulatory oncology practices as well as staff and patient focus groups in one ambulatory practice. We deployed three interventions to address barriers: staff education, staff-assisted enrollment support, and independent enrollment support. Results: In October 2015, 1,019 (87%) of 1,178 eligible patients completed the survey (PP enrolled, 57%; non–PP enrolled, 43%). PP-enrolled patients reported reviewing test results and appointment schedules. Non–PP-enrolled patients cited difficult PP enrollment, lack of computer access, and concern about sharing data electronically as barriers to PP enrollment. Focus groups (staff, n = 20; patient representatives, n = 5) also identified lack of awareness of PP benefits as a barrier. The interventions, deployed from November to December 2015, increased PP enrollment from 47% to 53% by January 2016. Conclusion: Patients with cancer want to communicate with their team through the PP, but barriers to enrollment impede use. Straightforward system-level interventions may increase enrollment. Further work is necessary to ascertain the degree to which increased PP enrollment leads to greater engagement and better outcomes.
Extrusion 3D Printing of Paracetamol Tablets from a Single Formulation with Tunable Release Profiles Through Control of Tablet Geometry
Authors: Khaled Shaban A. , Alexander Morgan R. , Irvine Derek J. , Wildman Ricky D. , Wallace Martin J. , Sharpe Sonja , Yoo Jae , Roberts Clive J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAn extrusion-based 3D printer was used to fabricate paracetamol tablets with different geometries (mesh, ring and solid) from a single paste-based formulation formed from standard pharmaceutical ingredients. The tablets demonstrate that tunable drug release profiles can be achieved from this single formulation even with high drug loading (> 80% w/w). The tablets were evaluated for drug release using a USP dissolution testing type I apparatus. The tablets showed well-defined release profiles (from immediate to sustained release) controlled by their different geometries. The dissolution results showed dependency of drug release on the surface area/volume (SA/V) ratio and the SA of the different tablets. The tablets with larger SA/V ratios and SA had faster drug release. The 3D printed tablets were also evaluated for physical and mechanical properties including tablet dimension, drug content, weight variation and breaking force and were within acceptable range as defined by the international standards stated in the US Pharmacopoeia. X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to identify the physical form of the active and to assess possible drug-excipient interactions. These data again showed that the tablets meet USP requirement. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of 3D printing to create unique pharmaceutical manufacturing, and potentially clinical, opportunities. The ability to use a single unmodified formulation to achieve defined release profiles could allow, for example, relatively straightforward personalization of medicines for individuals with different metabolism rates for certain drugs and hence could offer significant development and clinical opportunities.
Using climate analogue tools to explore and build smallholder farmer capacity for climate smart agriculture
Authors: Opare Phyllis , Akintonde Johnson O. , Obeng-Ofori Daniel , Nelson Valerie 
Published: August 2018

Background: The phenomenon of climate change (CC) and its attendant challenges in agriculture have been widely document. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) focuses on sustainable agriculture intensification for food sovereignty through the adoption of mitigation and adaptation practices. Agriculture provides the livelihood for 70% of rural poor in the developing world, so building farmer capacity in CSA is imperative for food security. Studies show that transformative change must be bottom-up – integrating scientific and ethical dimensions, using participatory research approaches that employ simple comprehensive tools for building participants’ capacity to adapt. Methods: The study uses the “Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security” (CCAFS) climate analogue and weather forecasting tools. These participatory learning tools allow participants to interrogate and explore their own geographical and climatic histories and to draw conclusions on climate variability. This study examined smallholder farmers’ understanding of CC and their resilience to it. The study consisted of 5 stages – selection of tools, planning and training of teams, meetings with community leaders and community members to select participants, focus group discussions, modelling sessions and community dissemination meetings. Results: Participants showed awareness of CC, explained in terms of rainfall variability, decreasing rainforest, increasing temperature and excessively long hot days. Farmers illustrated gendered perception of past and present landscapes, time use, past seasonal trends, vulnerabilities and access to key resources. They also observed that natural resources were declining, while population and social infrastructure increased. Participants modelled the shift in seasons and projected possible future scenarios. Finally, participants were willing to adopt climate smart agronomic practices. Conclusions: After establishing that farmers are aware of CC, follow-on-studies addressing the impediments to adaptation and provision of necessary tools and resources to facilitate adaptation must be carried out. This study can also be replicated among a larger smallholder population for increased capacity to practice CSA.
Determinants of road traffic injury at Khulna division in Bangladesh: a cross sectional study of road traffic incidents
Authors: Islam Rafiqul , Khan Mostaured Ali , Nath Krishna Deb , Hossain Mosharaf , Mustagir Golam , Taneepanichskul Surasak 
Published: August 2018

Background:Road traffic injury (RTI) is one of the major causes of death, injury and disability worldwide and most of which occur in developing countries like Bangladesh. The main objective of this study was to identify the role of various socio-demographic and economic factors regarding the knowledge and consciousness about RTI at Khulna division in Bangladesh.Methods:Primary data were collected from 200 respondents in Khulna Medical College Hospital and Satkhira Sadar Hospital and several private clinics, generated by interviewing people who had experienced a traffic accident in Khulna division, Bangladesh. The Chi-square test and logistic regression model were utilized in this study to analyze the data.Results:The results show that there was a significant association between education (primary to higher secondary school: OR = 3.584, 95% CI = 0.907-14.155; higher educated: OR = 24.070, 95% CI = 4.860-119.206); occupation (farmer and labor: OR = 0.528,95% CI = 0.208-1.340; others: OR = 0.263, 95% CI = 0.097-0.713); if they were driving a motorcycle (OR = 4.137, 95% CI = 1.229-13.932); proper treatment (OR = 4.690, 95% CI = 1.736-12.673); consciousness about the RTI (OR = 18.394, 95% CI = 6.381-53.025); if they were an unskilled driver (OR = 8.169, 95% CI = 0.96-16.51), unfit vehicles (OR = 3.696, 95% CI = 1.032-13.234), if they were breaking traffic rules (OR = 6.918, 95% CI = 2.237-21.397), faulty road and traffic management (OR = 3.037, 95% CI = 1.125-8.196) with having knowledge about traffic rules in Khulna division, Bangladesh.Conclusion:According to the results of the study, by increasing knowledge and awareness about traffic rules among people through education and awareness programs, imposing strict traffic rules, not giving licenses to unskilled drivers, not allowing unfit vehicles on the road, reconstruction and proper road management RTI’s can be reduced.
Antenatal care and its effect on risk of pregnancy induced hypertension in Lao PDR: A case-control study
Authors: Phengsavanh Alongkone , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Suwannaphant Kritkantorn , Assana Supat , Phajan Teerasak , Chaleunvong Kongmany 
Published: August 2018

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is a global public health concern as a leading cause of maternal mortality. Lao PDR has a high prevalence of PIH, but little is known about its risk factors. This study aimed to identify risk factors of PIH relating to antenatal care (ANC) in Lao PDR. Methods: This hospital-based age-matched case control study was carried out between July and December 2017 in tertiary and secondary hospitals in Lao PDR. A total of 258 pregnant women (86 hypertensive and 172 normotensive pregnant women) were recruited to join the study based specific inclusion criteria. For each case, two consecutive controls were included in the study with matched maternal age. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire interview to identify the risk factors of PIH relating to ANC. The association between the independent variables and PIH was assessed through bivariable and conditional multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: Mothers with PIH had inadequate ANC (defined as <4 times) (adj. OR= 10.23 , 95%CI: 3.67 – 28.49, p<0.001), excessive maternal weight gain during pregnancy (>13kg) ( adj. OR=7.35, 95%CI: 3.06 -17.69, p<0.001), had a history of abortion (adj. OR=3.54, 95%CI: 1.30-9.59, p=0.013), and had received inadequate information about PIH (adj OR= 2.58 , 95%CI: 1.03 – 6.46 , p=0.043). Conclusion: Inadequate ANC and maternal factors were major risk factors of PIH in Lao PR. National PIH guidelines for effective counseling, ANC and treatment should be promptly developed and implemented at all levels in order to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Geographical distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) and genetic diversity of invading population of Ae. albopictus in the Republic of the Congo
Authors: Kamgang Basile , Wilson-Bahun Theodel A. , Irving Helen , Kusimo Michael O. , Lenga Arsene , Wondji Charles S. 
Published: August 2018

Background:The arbovirus vector,Aedes albopictus,originating from Asia, has recently invaded African countries, including the Republic of the Congo, where it was associated with a chikungunya outbreak. Up until now, little was known about its distribution in relation to the nativeAedes aegyptiand how the invasion will modify the epidemiology of arboviral diseases. Here, we assessed the current distribution ofAe. albopictusandAe. aegyptiin the Republic of the Congo and explored the genetic diversity of the invading species,Ae. albopictus.Methods:Immature stages ofAedeswere collected in nine locations in the Republic of the Congo in 2017 following a north-south transect and reared to adult stage. Adults were morphologically identified, counted and grouped according to species and location. Genetic diversity ofAe. albopictuswas assessed by analyzing the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene.Results:Ae.albopictusandAe. aegyptiwere found together across the country in all the locations investigated. The invasive species is predominant over the native species in all locations except Brazzaville, suggesting thatAe. albopictusis displacingAe. aegyptiacross Congo. When comparing the species distributions across the two largest cities, Brazzaville and Pointe Noire,Ae. albopictuswas more prevalent thanAe. aegyptiin the suburbs whereas the opposite situation was reported in the city centre. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed very low genetic diversity ofAe. albopictuswith only three haplotypes recorded across the country supporting the recent introduction of this species in the Republic of the Congo. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed thatAe. albopictusfrom Congo originated from other tropical Asian countries such as China, likely as a result of increasing trade links.Conclusion:These findings are important for the implementation of vector control strategies and can serve as a foundation for further research on these vectors in the country.
Direct Comparison of Cardiac Troponin T and I Using a Uniform and a Sex-Specific Approach in the Detection of Functionally Relevant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mueller Deborah , Puelacher Christian , Honegger Ursina , Walter Joan E , Badertscher Patrick , Schaerli Nicolas , Strebel Ivo , Twerenbold Raphael , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Nestelberger Thomas , Hollenstein Christina , du Fay de Lavallaz Jeanne , Jeger Raban , Kaiser Christoph , Wild Damian , Rentsch Katharina , Buser Andreas , Zellweger Michael , Reichlin Tobias , Mueller Christian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We aimed to directly compare high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in the detection of functionally relevant coronary artery disease (fCAD).

METHODS
Consecutive patients referred with clinical suspicion of fCAD and no structural heart disease other than coronary artery disease were included. The presence of fCAD was based on rest/stress myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography and coronary angiography. hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT concentrations were measured in a blinded fashion. Diagnostic accuracy was quantified using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and evaluated both for uniform use in all patients and for sex-specific use in women and men separately. The prognostic end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; cardiovascular death or myocardial infarction) within 2 years. For the prognostic performance, we used a multivariable model comparison with the Akaike information criterion (AIC).

RESULTS
fCAD was detected in 613 of 2062 patients (29.7%) overall, 112 of 664 of women (16.9%), and 501 of 1398 of men (35.8%). hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT had comparable diagnostic accuracy when assessed for uniform use in all patients (AUC, 0.68 vs 0.66; P = 0.107) and separately in women (AUC, 0.68 vs 0.63; P = 0.068) and men (AUC, 0.65 vs 0.64; P = 0.475). However, women required lower rule-out cutoffs to achieve high sensitivity, and men needed higher rule-in cutoffs to achieve high specificity. hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT were strongly and independently associated with MACE within 2 years (P &lt; 0.001), with comparable prognostic accuracies by the AIC.

CONCLUSIONS
hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT provide moderate and comparable diagnostic accuracy. Sex-specific cutoffs may be preferred. The prognostic utility of both troponins is comparable.
Reducing textile waste in the apparel industry: Examining EPR as an option
Authors: Burton Kelly 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Incredible amounts of raw materials and environmental inputs are being used in an industry that has grown 60 per cent in the past fifteen years. The global clothing and apparel industry has streamlined supply chains and is working on sustainable initiatives to limit resource scarcity, but what is missing in the system is resource recovery for post-consumer textile waste. Although almost all textiles are reusable or recyclable, the vast majority (85 per cent) end up in landfills. By not being circular, the fashion industry is losing half a trillion dollars in underutilization and resource value annually. With consumers in large developing countries like Brazil, China, India, Mexico and Russia adopting current consumption rates, the system and its waste are expected to increase. The apparel industry needs to become circular and to adopt policies to reduce textile waste.