bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep disorders, depression and anxiety are associated with adverse safety outcomes in healthcare workers: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Weaver Matthew D. , Vetter Céline , Rajaratnam Shantha M.W. , O’Brien Conor S. , Qadri Salim , Benca Ruth M. , Rogers Ann E. , Leary Eileen B. , Walsh James K. , Czeisler Charles A. , Barger Laura K. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe objective of the study was to determine if sleep disorder, depression or anxiety screening status was associated with safety outcomes in a diverse population of hospital workers. A sample of shift workers at four hospitals participated in a prospective cohort study. Participants were screened for five sleep disorders, depression and anxiety at baseline, then completed prospective monthly surveys for the next 6 months to capture motor vehicle crashes, near‐miss crashes, occupational exposures and medical errors. We tested the associations between sleep disorders, depression and anxiety and adverse safety outcomes using incidence rate ratios adjusted for potentially confounding factors in a multivariable negative binomial regression model. Of the 416 hospital workers who participated, two in five (40.9%) screened positive for a sleep disorder and 21.6% screened positive for depression or anxiety. After multivariable adjustment, screening positive for a sleep disorder was associated with 83% increased incidence of adverse safety outcomes. Screening positive for depression or anxiety increased the risk by 63%. Sleep disorders and mood disorders were independently associated with adverse outcomes and contributed additively to risk. Our findings suggest that screening for sleep disorders and mental health screening can help identify individuals who are vulnerable to adverse safety outcomes. Future research should evaluate sleep and mental health screening, evaluation and treatment programmes that may improve safety.
Neurocognitive performance in insomnia disorder: The impact of hyperarousal and short sleep duration
Authors: Khassawneh Basheer Y. , Bathgate Christina J. , Tsai Sheila C. , Edinger Jack D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGiven the recent evidence on the association between hyperarousal in insomnia disorder and neurocognitive deficits, we aimed to examine the effect of short sleep duration on neurocognitive reaction time tests in insomnia disorder sufferers. We recruited subjects with insomnia disorder (n = 35, mean age = 40.6 years) who scored ≥29 on a Hyperarousal Scale, and a group of controls (n = 54, mean age = 31.5 years) who had no sleep disorders and scored <26 on the Hyperarousal Scale. Participants completed two in‐home polysomnograms and four daytime trials of neurocognitive tests, including simple reaction time, choice reaction time, big circle–little circle, rapid visual information processing, attention switching task, and spatial working memory tests. Total sleep time divided study cohorts into subgroups of short (total sleep time <6 hr) and normal (total sleep time ≥6 hr) sleepers. ANCOVA showed a significant interaction between participant type (insomnia disorder versus controls) and sleep duration (short versus normal) for spatial working memory‐latency (p = 0.020) and spatial working memory‐errors (p = 0.025). The short‐sleeping insomnia disorder group had longer spatial working memory‐latencies and more spatial working memory‐errors than did normal‐sleeping controls. Regardless of sleep duration, those with insomnia disorder had more attentional deficits with longer attention switching task‐latency (p = 0.011) and more attention switching task‐incorrect trials (p = 0.015) than the control group. Normal‐sleepers only had longer attention switching task‐latency than short‐sleepers (p = 0.004). A phenotype of insomnia disorder with hyperarousal and short sleep duration is associated with daytime cognitive deficits in complex attentional and spatial working memory tasks.
Clinicopathological features of He Shou Wu‐induced liver injury: This ancient anti‐aging therapy is not liver‐friendly
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Lan , Saxena Romil , Wee Aileen , Yang Ruiyuan , Tian Qiuju , Zhang Jiping , Zhao Xinyan , Jia Jidong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsPolygonum Multiflorum Thumb (PMT), an ancient anti‐aging Chinese herb known traditionally as He Shou Wu, has side effects of liver toxicity. To determine the main clinical and pathological characteristics of liver toxicity induced by PMT and the clinical course after its cessation.MethodsData of patients, diagnosed as drug‐induced liver injury and hospitalised in Beijing Friendship Hospital from August 2005 to August 2017, were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical, pathological data and outcome after cessation of He Shou Wu were obtained and analysed. Kruskal‐Wallis and Chi‐square (χ2) tests were performed.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients with He Shou Wu‐induced liver injury were enrolled. The median age was 53 years (range 15‐74) and 75.9% (22/29) were women. The most common symptom was jaundice (79.3%, 23/29). Of nine patients with liver biopsies, six showed acute cholestatic hepatitis, two acute, and one chronic hepatocellular injury pattern. The latency, liver chemistries and outcomes were comparable between pure He Shou Wu (5 patients) and its compounds (24 patients). Twenty‐five of 29 patients (86.2%) had normal serum alanine aminotransferase levels after 45 days (range: 10‐138 days) and total bilirubin of 46 days (range: 0‐551 days). One patient was rechallenged with He Shou Wu and two developed autoimmune features. One patient died of liver failure and three had chronic persistent liver injury.ConclusionsThe main clinicopathological injury pattern of He Shou Wu‐induced liver injury is moderate to severe hepatitis with or without cholestasis. Most patients recover completely; however, chronic disease and death do occur.
Does pollution influence small mammal diet in the field? A metabarcoding approach in a generalist consumer
Authors: Ozaki Shinji , Fritsch Clémentine , Valot Benoit , Mora Frédéric , Cornier Thierry , Scheifler Renaud , Raoul Francis 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMammals are mainly exposed to trace metals (TMs) via consuming contaminated food. Several studies have demonstrated relationships between metal concentrations in food and in animal tissues. However, potential effects of TMs on feeding behaviour of wildlife have been poorly documented under field conditions, despite experimental evidence showing that food selection is impacted by resource contamination. Here, we test the hypothesis that the diet of a generalist rodent, the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), is altered by soil TM contamination in the field. Wood mice were sampled in spring and in autumn along a gradient of soil contamination in the surroundings of a former smelter located in northern France. Available resources in the field were inventoried, and the diet of the animals was analysed using DNA “metabarcoding.” We demonstrated that (a) relationship between the resource richness in the diet and their richness in the field was altered by soil metal contamination. Wood mice specialized their diet along the gradient of soil metal contamination for both plant and invertebrate resources in spring. We also showed that (b) preference for Salicaceae, a plant family accumulating metals, decreased when soil contamination increased. These results suggest that environmental TM pollution could act as a force modulating trophic interactions in terrestrial food webs, thereby affecting wildlife exposure to contaminants by trophic route.
Novel parotid sialo‐cone‐beam computerized tomography features in patients with suspected Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Keshet Naama , Aricha Adi , Friedlander‐Barenboim Silvina , Aframian Doron J. , Nadler Chen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveSjogren’s syndrome (SjS) causes salivary gland impairment leading to oral dryness. Parotid sialo‐cone‐beam computerized tomography (sialo‐CBCT) demonstrates ductal architecture and to a lesser extent gland activity. This study characterizes radiographic features of patients suspected for SjS and looks for a possible correlation with the diagnosis of SjS.MethodsThe clinical and radiographic data of suspected SjS/dry mouth patients referred for sialo‐CBCT in 2011–2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Two observers studied the scans for various radiographic features including duct morphology, level of branching, ductopenia and sialectasia. These features were analysed taking the specific clinical data and two sets of SjS criteria: The 2002 American‐European Consensus Group (AECG) and the 2012 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Group.ResultsSialo‐CBCT scans of 67‐referred patients suffering from dry mouth (115 parotid glands) were included. Intraradiographic association was found between ductopenia and all other radiographic parameters. Minimal, yet important, radiographic differences were found between left and right parotid glands. AECG‐confirmed‐SjS patients showed strong correlation with radiographic features, whereas ACR 2012‐confirmed‐SjS patients did not.ConclusionSialo‐CBCT demonstrates novel radiographic features which may clarify the diagnosis of SjS. Further studies are needed to determine the role of sialo‐CBCT in diagnosis of SjS.
Experiences of home care assistants providing social care to older people: A context in transition
Authors: Craftman Åsa Gransjön , Grundberg Åke , Westerbotn Margareta 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimThe aim was to describe home care assistants’ (HCA) experiences of providing social care in older people's own homes.BackgroundWith the increase in average life expectancy and related growth of the elder population, addressing geriatric care needs has become an increasingly vital issue. However, the frontline workforce faces major challenges in meeting these needs, including a lack of trained professionals entering the field.DesignA qualitative inductive design was used.MethodsA descriptive, qualitative study using focus group interviews and content analysis.FindingsThe findings revealed that HCAs are active in an area facing challenges due to an older home‐dwelling generation. Transfer of tasks should be reviewed considering changes to the workforce's skill mix brought on by task shifting.ConclusionsCertain prerequisites are needed to enable unlicensed assistive personnel to perform a good job; they also need to receive affirmation that they are a crucial workforce carrying out multifaceted tasks. To improve and maintain the pull factors of social care work, it is crucial to clarify how older people's requirements influence the daily care relation.Implications for PracticeThe findings highlight HCAs’ blurred responsibility when providing nursing and care to older people with multiple chronic conditions and functional disabilities. Increasing expectations are placed upon HCAs to cope with practical situations that are theoretically outside the bounds of social care. The findings contribute knowledge to further development of collaboration between social and health care providers as well as the important affirmation of this unlicensed personnel group in transition. A long‐term plan is therefore needed to provide HCAs with the skills and tools they need to deliver care and support to older people with a variety of needs.
Daylight photodynamic therapy for the treatment of actinic cheilitis
Authors: Levi Assi , Hodak Emmilia , Enk Claes D. , Snast Igor , Slodownik Dan , Lapidoth Moshe 
Published: August 2018

SummaryBackgroundActinic cheilitis (AC) is a common, chronic premalignant condition resulting from protracted sun exposure affecting the vermilion border of the lower lip. Treatment of AC aims at terminating the progression to squamous cell carcinoma by obliterating the primary lesion, and includes ablative methods; nonablative modalities such as cryotherapy, electrodessication, chemical peeling, topical imiquimod and 5‐fluorouracil; and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Daylight‐activated PDT, in which natural daylight serves as the light source, showed promising results in the treatment of actinic keratoses with substantially less pain than conventional PDT.PurposeTo determine the safety and efficacy of daylight PDT in a series of patients with AC.MethodsEleven patients with AC were treated with daylight PDT. All patients underwent repeated treatment sessions until clinical and histological remission were achieved.ResultsCure rate was 91% (10 of 11 patients, three females/eight males; mean age 59.2 ± 14.4 years). Mean number of treatments to attain cure was 2.7. Patients experienced mild erythema and minimal to no pain during treatment.ConclusionsDaylight PDT is a promising modality for the treatment of AC, with impressive cosmetic results and few side effects.
Detection ofSimonsiellaspp. in the Vagina of Lions and Leopard in Oestrus
Authors: Callealta Isabel , Ganswindt Andre , Goncalves Sara , Mathew Abraham , Lueders Imke 
Published: August 2018

ContentsReports of the vaginal flora of wild cats such as lions or leopards are scarce. The micro‐organisms most commonly found in the vagina of clinically healthy cats are aerobic bacteria such as coagulase‐negativeStaphylococcus,Streptococcus canis, andEscherichia coli.Simonsiellaspp are large Gram‐negative bacteria belonging to the Neisseriaceae family, typically found in the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract of many species. To date, there are no reports of the detection ofSimonsiellaspp in the vaginal flora of any felid. For a period of six months, daily behaviour monitoring was performed on six captive lionesses at a South African conservation centre, in parallel with the collection of vaginal swabs and interpretation of the resultant vaginal cytologies every other day. Oestrus was identified by typical female reproductive behaviours, as well as by enlarged and separated vulvar lips, and a predominant proportion of superficial cornified cells, clearing of the background, and high bacterial presence in the vaginal smear.Simonsiellaspp were identified by their characteristic morphology in 58% (60 of 103) of the vaginal samples collected during oestrus. They were also found in oral swabs of three out of three lions tested. Additionally,Simonsiellaspp were opportunistically found in a vaginal smear from a zoo housed female Sri Lankan leopard in oestrus, during a routine reproduction assessment. The finding ofSimonsiellaspp may be more common than previously suspected, transitory, and without detectable clinical relevance. A connection between occurrence of these bacteria and oestrus was apparent.
Computational Models of Emotion Inference in Theory of Mind: A Review and Roadmap
Authors: Ong Desmond C. , Zaki Jamil , Goodman Noah D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractResearch on social cognition has fruitfully applied computational modeling approaches to explain how observers understand and reason about others’ mental states. By contrast, there has been less work on modeling observers’ understanding ofemotionalstates. We propose an intuitive theory framework to studyingaffective cognition—how humans reason about emotions—and derive a taxonomy of inferences within affective cognition. Using this taxonomy, we review formal computational modeling work on such inferences, including causal reasoning about how others react to events, reasoning about unseen causes of emotions, reasoning with multiple cues, as well as reasoning from emotions to other mental states. In addition, we provide a roadmap for future research by charting out inferences—such as hypothetical and counterfactual reasoning about emotions—that are ripe for future computational modeling work. This framework proposes unifying these various types of reasoning as Bayesian inference within a common “intuitive Theory of Emotion.” Finally, we end with a discussion of important theoretical and methodological challenges that lie ahead in modeling affective cognition.
Trichographic features of hair from normal black Dobermann pinscher dogs
Authors: Richman Austin W. , Griffin Craig E. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundDobermann dogs are predisposed to colour dilution alopecia and follicular dysplasia. Limited information is available regarding the trichographic features of normal canine hair shafts, including those from Dobermanns, with no studies of inter‐observer agreement for canine trichographic features.ObjectivesTo characterize the trichographic features of normal black Dobermann hair shafts evaluating the following variables; gross appearance, primary versus secondary hairs, colour change, tip structure, curling, twisting, bending, cuticle changes (breaks, compression, loss or abnormal overlapping), fractures and variations in hair diameter.AnimalsTwenty client‐owned, normal, black Dobermanns of different ages and genders.Methods and materialsA systemized trichographic evaluation of hair samples from five body locations, which were evaluated independently by two observers, and inter‐observer agreement evaluation. Kappa statistics, positive and negative agreement were determined.ResultsAgreement between investigators ranged from 87% to 99% for each examined variable. Kappa statistics showed excellent (0.81–1.00) to substantial agreement (0.61–0.80) for all variables with the exception of moderate agreement (0.41–0.60) for cuticle compressions and variations in hair diameter. A novel finding of a “round hair tip” was made, which was more commonly found on the dorsal head. Colour change to the proximal hair shaft was more common on the thighs and flanks.Conclusions and clinical importanceTrichographic features of 500 hairs collected from 20 normal black Dobermann dogs are described. A previously unreported finding of round hair tips was seen. We describe a systematic approach for evaluating hair shafts that can be applied in future studies for both normal and abnormal Dobermanns, and potentially other dog breeds.
Lectura analítica del paisaje cultural en Santa Fe de Antioquia desde el levantamiento de nuevos mapas
Authors: Montoya Arenas Catalina , Patiño Zuluaga Evelyn , Escobar Ocampo Lina María , González Escobar Luis Fernando 
Published: August 2018

Los contenidos históricos de un territorio se revelan en el paisaje cultural. Éste se refiere al proceso de transformación simbólica que puede ser leído a través de las huellas espaciales, que no son otra cosa que el accionar de la cultura con un lugar. En ese sentido, la lectura de Santa Fe de Antioquia a través de una serie de 10 paisajes tiene por objetivo destacar y revelar los aspectos de la materialidad e inmaterialidad referida a la identidad del territorio a través de los valores físico-espaciales y paisajísticos en su trasegar por el tiempo. A partir del levantamiento de nuevos mapas se establecen vínculos teórico-prácticos entre los procesos históricos, estéticos, físicos y simbólicos, contrastados con agentes transformadores del modelo económico (discurso de la competitividad, la industria turística y la presión inmobiliaria). Dichos mapas combinan la lectura y análisis de la cartografía y de documentos estratégicos y de ordenamiento con la coreografía y la narrativa histórica-literaria-pictórica en un análisis multivariado y multitemporal. Esta metodología descriptiva, interpretativa y propositiva se aproxima a la lectura física de los encuentros del entorno, lo urbano y el centro histórico, como elementos culturalmente determinantes en la imagen del paisaje que, en el caso de estudio, apuntan a un empobrecimiento del mismo.
Participación comunitaria, patrimonio cultural e identidad. Estrategia educativa para la apropiación del conocimiento en la población de Taratara, Venezuela
Authors: Zavala-Reyes Miguel , -Eloy Reye Andrés 
Published: August 2018

El Parque Arqueológico y Paleontológico Taimataima, ubicado al este de la ribera caribeña del estado Falcón, en el noroccidente venezolano, se encontraba en avanzado estado de deterioro, sin que las comunidades que integran el área de influencia mostraran algún signo de interés ante tal situación. Se planteó, entonces, implementar estrategias para la valoración del patrimonio natural y cultural, para lo cual se conformó un equipo multidisciplinario con la Universidad Nacional Experimental Francisco de Miranda (Unefm) y los consejos comunales, respaldado por los resultados que obtuvimos de la investigación arqueológica y geohistórica en la zona. Se realizaron unos talleres pedagógicos de apropiación social, diseñados de acuerdo con paradigmas educativos que brindaron herramientas para el cambio en las apreciaciones de los vecinos sobre su riqueza patrimonial. También se organizó una exposición: “Cruxent y el primer hombre americano en Falcón”, pionero en la investigación arqueológica de esta región. Los resultados lograron sensibilizar a los vecinos, quienes reconocieron su necesaria participación para alcanzar el rescate del parque, y los consejos comunales manifestaron su propósito de fortalecer su relación con las instituciones patrimoniales competentes y propusieron productos turísticos culturales para una gestión comunitaria.
Inclusión financiera en Colombia. Análisis de su evolución en términos de eficiencia relativa
Authors: Rodríguez-Lozano Gloria Isabel 
Published: August 2018

Esta investigación analiza la situación y evolución de la inclusión financiera en Colombia desde un punto de vista diferente: desde la eficiencia relativa, que maneja las entidades financieras como objeto específico —no global— de análisis. Por esto y por la metodología usada, esta investigación es pionera. La metodología que se utiliza es el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA), metodología de programación lineal avanzada que mediante un doble proceso de optimización proporciona un único índice de eficiencia relativa para cada una de las unidades estudiadas, con la fortaleza de analizar las variables en un escenario de utilización de multirrecursos y de obtención de multisalidas. Da respuesta a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué tipo de entidades es eficiente y en qué número para cada año? ¿Qué resultados se obtienen cuando se compara el comportamiento, en términos de eficiencia relativa, de los años 2013 y 2014? Los resultados, en la comparación, muestran que globalmente hay un desmejoramiento en el comportamiento de la eficiencia relativa de las instituciones evaluadas: disminuyen las unidades con altos índices y aumentan las unidades con bajos índices.
Contemporary outcomes of isolated bioprothestic mitral valve replacement for mitral regurgitation
Authors: Berzingi Chalak , Badhwar Vinay , Alqahtani Fahad , Aljohani Sami , Chaker Zakeih , Alkhouli Mohamad 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundEarly experience with transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR) highlighted several investigational challenges related to this novel therapy. Conclusive randomised clinical trials in the field may, therefore, be years ahead. In the interim, contemporary outcomes of isolated surgical bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement (MVR) can be used as a benchmark for the emerging TMVR therapies.MethodsWe used the nationwide inpatient sample to examine recent trends and outcomes of surgical bioprosthetic MVR for mitral regurgitation (isolated and combined).Results21 007 patients who had bioprosthetic MVR between 2003 and 2014 were included. Of those, 30% had isolated MVR and 70% had concomitant cardiac surgical procedure(s). In patients who underwent isolated bioprothestic MVR, mean age was 68±13, and females were the majority (58.4%). Most of these procedures were performed at teaching institutions (71.3%) and during an elective admission (64%). In-hospital mortality improved during the study period (7.8% in 2003 to 4.7% in 2014, p trend=0.016). Postoperative morbidities were common; permanent pacemaker 11.7%, stroke 2.4%, new dialysis 4.9% and blood transfusion 41.6%. Mean length of stay was 13±12 days, and 27.2% of patients were discharged to an intermediate care of rehabilitation facility. Cost of hospitalisation was $62 443±50 997.ConclusionsIsolated bioprosthetic MVR for mitral regurgitation is performed infrequently but is associated with significant in-hospital morbidity and mortality and cost in contemporary practice. These data are useful as benchmarks for the evolving TMVR therapies.