bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R-prime numbers of degree k
Authors: Chillali Abdelhakim 
Published: March 2018

In computer science, a one-way function is a function that is easy to compute on every input, but hard to invert given the image of a random input. Here, "easy" and "hard" are to be understood in the sense of computational complexity theory, specifically the theory of polynomial time problems. Not being one-to-one is not considered sufficient of a function for it to be called one-way (see Theoretical Definition, in article). A twin prime is a prime number that has a prime gap of two, in other words, differs from another prime number by two, for example the twin prime pair (5,3). The question of whether there exist infinitely many twin primes has been one of the great open questions in number theory for many years. This is the content of the twin prime conjecture, which states: There are infinitely many primes p such that p + 2 is also prime. In this work we define a new notion: ‘r-prime number of degree k’ and we give a new RSA trap-door one-way. This notion generalized a twin prime numbers because the twin prime numbers are 2-prime numbers of degree 1.
Reproducibility of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Histopathologic Subtyping
Authors: Brcic Luka , Vlacic Gregor , Quehenberger Franz , Kern Izidor 
Published: March 2018

Context.—Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor with poor prognosis. Several studies have analyzed potential prognostic markers, but histologic type remains the single most important prognostic factor. Histologic subtypes of epithelioid MPM seem to have prognostic and therapeutic implications. Interobserver agreement in histologic pattern classification should be high.Objective.—To assess interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility in histologic differentiation between the main types of MPMs, and in further subtyping of epithelioid-type mesothelioma.Design.—One representative hematoxylin-eosin–stained slide was selected from the archive for each of 200 patients with MPM. They were reviewed independently by 3 pathologists and classified according to the current World Health Organization classification of pleural tumors. After the first round of evaluations, a consensus meeting was organized where problems were addressed and representative images for each histologic category were selected. Two months later, cases were reevaluated by all 3 pathologists.Results.—After the first round, overall interobserver agreement for histologic subtyping of mesothelioma was fair (κ, 0.36). The agreement was increased to substantial (κ, 0.63) in the second round. Improvement was found in interobserver agreement for all types of MPM and for most epithelioid subtypes.Conclusions.—Moderate to substantial agreement in histologic typing and subtyping of MPM can be achieved. However, training with additional clarification of diagnostic criteria, their strict application, and help from consensus-based illustrative images is needed.
The Revitalization of Popular Theatre Forms in Contemporary Performance: The Case of Post-Soviet Lithuanian Theatre
Authors: Mažeikienė Rūta 
Published: March 2018

The article examines the use of historical popular theatre forms in contemporary perfor­mance and analyses how historical popular theatre forms are revitalized in contempo­rary theatre. The first part of the article addresses the phenomena of popular theatre in general. Refer­ring to the insights on this topic by such theatre scholars as D. Mayer (1972), P. Pavis (1998), T. Grammatas (2013) the article addresses the problem of the definition of popular theatre and discusses what are the major characteristics that make the forms of popular theatre into the source of creative renewal and artistic inspiration.The second part of the article analyses how historical popular theatre practices (such as pantomime, mime, puppetry or shadow plays) have been used by post-Soviet Lithua­nian theatre artists – namely, director Gintaras Varnas at Šėpa theatre and direc­tor Vega Vaičiūnaitė at Miraklis theatre – as a stimulus to renew theatrical language and to foster new relationship with theatre audiences. The examples of both companies demonstrate that in spite of the conventional genre restrictions, the historical forms of popular theatre are not treated as an unquestionable museum relic, but rather as a means to create a live and immediate contact with a contemporary audience through universal historical forms.
L’infirmière psychiatrique, leader de l’équipe multidisciplinaire
Authors: Valentina Moya Silvia Maria 
Published: March 2018

Cet article a pour but de présenter l’espace relationnel de l’infirmière psychiatrique, dans un contexte de prestation de soins en français à Ottawa, pendant la période de désinstitutionnalisation psychiatrique. L’étude de cas d’une patiente francophone suivie pendant 26 ans à la clinique externe de l’Hôpital Montfort a été choisie comme échantillon. Durant son parcours de vie psychiatrique, 63 % des contacts de cette patiente ont été avec l’infirmière, 27 % avec les psychiatres, 5 % avec les ergothérapeutes, 4 % avec les travailleurs sociaux et 1 % avec les psychologues. Parmi les différentes tâches documentées par les infirmières, on retrouve six différents types d’intervention. Le dossier étudié révèle donc que l’infirmière occupe un espace relationnel plus important que les autres professionnels de l’équipe multidisciplinaire.
The little shrimp that could: phylogeography of the circumtropical Stenopus hispidus (Crustacea: Decapoda), reveals divergent Atlantic and Pacific lineages
Authors: Dudoit ‘Ale‘alani , Iacchei Matthew , Coleman Richard R. , Gaither Michelle R. , Browne William E. , Bowen Brian W. , Toonen Robert J. 
Published: March 2018

The banded coral shrimp, Stenopus hispidus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea) is a popular marine ornamental species with a circumtropical distribution. The planktonic larval stage lasts ∼120–253 days, indicating considerable dispersal potential, but few studies have investigated genetic connectivity on a global scale in marine invertebrates. To resolve patterns of divergence and phylogeography of S. hispidus, we surveyed 525 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from 198 individuals sampled at 10 locations across ∼27,000 km of the species range. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that S. hispidus has a Western Atlantic lineage and a widely distributed Indo-Pacific lineage, separated by sequence divergence of 2.1%. Genetic diversity is much higher in the Western Atlantic (h = 0.929; π = 0.004) relative to the Indo-Pacific (h = 0.105; π < 0.001), and coalescent analyses indicate that the Indo-Pacific population expanded more recently (95% HPD (highest posterior density) = 60,000–400,000 yr) than the Western Atlantic population (95% HPD = 300,000–760,000 yr). Divergence of the Western Atlantic and Pacific lineages is estimated at 710,000–1.8 million years ago, which does not readily align with commonly implicated colonization events between the ocean basins. The estimated age of populations contradicts the prevailing dispersal route for tropical marine biodiversity (Indo-Pacific to Atlantic) with the oldest and most diverse population in the Atlantic, and a recent population expansion with a single common haplotype shared throughout the vast Indian and Pacific oceans. In contrast to the circumtropical fishes, this diminutive reef shrimp challenges our understanding of conventional dispersal capabilities of marine species.
Environmental DNA for freshwater fish monitoring: insights for conservation within a protected area
Authors: Fernandez Sara , Sandin Miguel M. , Beaulieu Paul G. , Clusa Laura , Martinez Jose L. , Ardura Alba , García-Vázquez Eva 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundMany fish species have been introduced in wild ecosystems around the world to provide food or leisure, deliberately or from farm escapes. Some of those introductions have had large ecological effects. The north American native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykissWalbaum, 1792) is one of the most widely farmed fish species in the world. It was first introduced in Spain in the late 19th century for sport fishing (Elvira 1995) and nowadays is used there for both fishing and aquaculture. On the other hand, the European native brown trout (Salmo truttaL.) is catalogued as vulnerable in Spain. Detecting native and invasive fish populations in ecosystem monitoring is crucial, but it may be difficult from conventional sampling methods such as electrofishing. These techniques encompass some mortality, thus are not adequate for some ecosystems as the case of protected areas. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is a sensitive and non-invasive method that can be especially useful for rare and low-density species detection and inventory in water bodies.MethodsIn this study we employed two eDNA based methods (qPCR and nested PCR-RFLP) to detect salmonid species from mountain streams within a protected area, The Biosphere Reserve and Natural Park of Redes (Upper Nalón Basin, Asturias, Northern Spain), where brown trout is the only native salmonid. We also measured some habitat variables to see how appropriate for salmonids the area is. The sampling area is located upstream impassable dams and contains one rainbow trout fish farm.ResultsEmploying qPCR methodology, brown trout eDNA was detected in all the nine sampling sites surveyed, while nested PCR-RFLP method failed to detect it in two sampling points. Rainbow trout eDNA was detected with both techniques at all sites in the Nalón River’ (n1, n2 and n3). Salmonid habitat units and water quality were high from the area studied.DiscussionIn this study, a high quantity of rainbow trout eDNA was found upstream and downstream of a fish farm located inside a Biosphere Reserve. Unreported escapes from the fish farm are a likely explanation of these results. Since salmonid habitat is abundant and the water quality high, the establishment of rainbow trout populations would be favored should escapes occur. Environmental DNA has here proved to be a valuable tool for species detection in freshwater environments, and the probe-based qPCR highly sensitive technique for detection of scarce species. We would recommend this method for routine monitoring and early detection of introduced species within natural reserves.
The identity, role, setting, and future of chiropractic practice: a survey of Australian and New Zealand chiropractic students
Authors: de Luca Katie E. , Gliedt Jordan A. , Fernandez Matthew , Kawchuk Greg , Swain Michael S. 
Published: March 2018

Objective:
To evaluate Australian and New Zealand chiropractic students' opinions regarding the identity, role setting, and future of chiropractic practice.

Methods:
An online, cross-sectional survey was administered to chiropractic students in all chiropractic programs in Australia and New Zealand. The survey explored student viewpoints about the identity, role/scope, setting, and future of chiropractic practice as it relates to chiropractic education and health promotion. Associations between the number of years in the program, highest degree preceding chiropractic education, institution, and opinion summary scores were evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance tests.

Results:
A total of 347 chiropractic students participated in the study. For identity, most students (51.3%) hold strongly to the traditional chiropractic theory but also agree (94.5%) it is important that chiropractors are educated in evidence-based practice. The main predictor of student viewpoints was a student's chiropractic institution (Pillai's trace =.638, F[16, 1368] = 16.237, p &lt; .001). Chiropractic institution explained over 50% of the variance around student opinions about role/scope of practice and approximately 25% for identity and future practice.

Conclusions:
Chiropractic students in Australia and New Zealand seem to hold both traditional and mainstream viewpoints toward chiropractic practice. However, students from different chiropractic institutions have divergent opinions about the identity, role, setting, and future of chiropractic practice, which is most strongly predicted by the institution. Chiropractic education may be a potential determinant of chiropractic professional identity, raising concerns about heterogeneity between chiropractic schools.
A Mass Diffusion Model for Dry Snow Utilizing a Fabric Tensor to Characterize Anisotropy
Authors: Shertzer Richard H. , Adams Edward E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA homogenization algorithm for randomly distributed microstructures is applied to develop a mass diffusion model for dry snow. Homogenization is a multiscale approach linking constituent behavior at the microscopic level—among ice and air—to the macroscopic material—snow. Principles of continuum mechanics at the microscopic scale describe water vapor diffusion across an ice grain's surface to the air‐filled pore space. Volume averaging and a localization assumption scale up and down, respectively, between microscopic and macroscopic scales. The model yields a mass diffusivity expression at the macroscopic scale that is, in general, a second‐order tensor parameterized by both bulk and microstructural variables. The model predicts a mass diffusivity of water vapor through snow that is less than that through air. Mass diffusivity is expected to decrease linearly with ice volume fraction. Potential anisotropy in snow's mass diffusivity is captured due to the tensor representation. The tensor is built from directional data assigned to specific, idealized microstructural features. Such anisotropy has been observed in the field and laboratories in snow morphologies of interest such as weak layers of depth hoar and near‐surface facets.
Channel‐Island Connectivity Affects Water Exposure Time Distributions in a Coastal River Delta
Authors: Hiatt Matthew , Castañeda‐Moya Edward , Twilley Robert , Hodges Ben R. , Passalacqua Paola 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe exposure time is a water transport time scale defined as the cumulative amount of time a water parcel spends in the domain of interest regardless of the number of excursions from the domain. Transport time scales are often used to characterize the nutrient removal potential of aquatic systems, but exposure time distribution estimates are scarce for deltaic systems. Here we analyze the controls on exposure time distributions using a hydrodynamic model in two domains: the Wax Lake delta in Louisiana, USA, and an idealized channel‐island complex. In particular, we study the effects of river discharge, vegetation, network geometry, and tides and use a simple model for the fractional removal of nitrate. In both domains, we find that channel‐island hydrological connectivity significantly affects exposure time distributions and nitrate removal. The relative contributions of the island and channel portions of the delta to the overall exposure time distribution are controlled by island vegetation roughness and network geometry. Tides have a limited effect on the system's exposure time distribution but can introduce significant spatial variability in local exposure times. The median exposure time for the WLD model is 10 h under the conditions tested and water transport within the islands contributes to 37–50% of the network‐scale exposure time distribution and 52–73% of the modeled nitrate removal, indicating that islands may account for the majority of nitrate removal in river deltas.
Comment on “Base Flow Recession from Unsaturated‐Saturated Porous Media considering Lateral Unsaturated Discharge and Aquifer Compressibility” by Liang, X., H. Zhan, Y.‐K. Zhang, and K. Schilling (2017)
Authors: Roques Clément , Rupp David E. , Jachens Elizabeth , Selker John S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLiang et al. () presented an analysis of the impacts of unsaturated zone processes on streamflow recession using methodology from Brutsaert and Nieber () with a constant time step in computation of the time derivative of flow. Over the past 10 years, many authors have demonstrated that this method may produce artifacts that lead to incorrect interpretations. To demonstrate the impact of the choice of analysis methods, this comment presents an estimation of recession parameters using the Liang et al. () discharge data that eliminates artifacts introduced through the constant time step. Here we use the exponential time step method, which revealed recession coefficient b greater than 1 which is inconsistent with the fitting framework used in Liang et al. ().
Improving the Efficiency of 3‐D Hydrogeological Mixers: Dilution Enhancement Via Coupled Engineering‐Induced Transient Flows and Spatial Heterogeneity
Authors: Di Dato Mariaines , de Barros Felipe P. J. , Fiori Aldo , Bellin Alberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNatural attenuation and in situ oxidation are commonly considered as low‐cost alternatives to ex situ remediation. The efficiency of such remediation techniques is hindered by difficulties in obtaining good dilution and mixing of the contaminant, in particular if the plume deformation is physically constrained by an array of wells, which serves as a containment system. In that case, dilution may be enhanced by inducing an engineered sequence of injections and extractions from such pumping system, which also works as a hydraulic barrier. This way, the aquifer acts as a natural mixer, in a manner similar to the industrialized engineered mixers. Improving the efficiency of hydrogeological mixers is a challenging task, owing to the need to use a 3‐D setup while relieving the computational burden. Analytical solutions, though approximated, are a suitable and efficient tool to seek the optimum solution among all possible flow configurations. Here we develop a novel physically based model to demonstrate how the combined spatiotemporal fluctuations of the water fluxes control solute trajectories and residence time distributions and therefore, the effectiveness of contaminant plume dilution and mixing. Our results show how external forcing configurations are capable of inducing distinct time‐varying groundwater flow patterns which will yield different solute dilution rates.
MARSIS Observations of the Martian Nightside Ionosphere During the September 2017 Solar Event
Authors: Harada Y. , Gurnett D. A. , Kopf A. J. , Halekas J. S. , Ruhunusiri S. , DiBraccio G. A. , Espley J. , Brain D. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present topside ionospheric sounding on the nightside of Mars during the September 2017 solar event by Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) on board Mars Express along with complementary dayside observations from Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN). The MARSIS and MAVEN observations during the event suggest that (i) the nightside bottomside ionosphere was significantly enhanced by solar energetic particles, (ii) the nightside peak electron density was increased to unusually high values of ∼1–2 ×104 cm−3 around 120 km altitudes owing to enhanced electron impact ionization, and (iii) the ionospheric magnetic field was globally amplified by the high dynamic pressure during the interplanetary coronal mass ejection passage. These multipoint measurements help elucidate the global response of the Martian upper ionosphere to the solar event.
Sensitivity study of an automated system for daily patient QA using EPID exit dose images
Authors: Zhuang Audrey H. , Olch Arthur J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe dosimetric consequences of errors in patient setup or beam delivery and anatomical changes are not readily known. A new product, PerFRACTION (Sun Nuclear Corporation), is designed to identify these errors by comparing the exit dose image measured on an electronic portal imaging device (EPID) from each field of each fraction to those from baseline fraction images. This work investigates the sensitivity of PerFRACTION to detect the deviation caused by these errors in a variety of realistic scenarios. Integrated EPID images were acquired in clinical mode and saved in ARIA. PerFRACTION automatically pulled the images into its database and performed the user‐defined comparison. We induced errors of 1 mm and greater in jaw, multileaf collimator (MLC), and couch position, 1° and greater in collimation rotation (patient yaw), 0.5–1.5% in machine output, rail position, and setup errors of 1–2 mm shifts and 0.5–1° roll rotation. The planning techniques included static, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and VMAT fields. Rectangular solid water phantom or anthropomorphic head phantom were used in the beam path in the delivery of some fields. PerFRACTION detected position errors of the jaws, MLC, and couch with an accuracy of better than 0.4 mm, and 0.5° for collimator rotation error and detected the machine output error within 0.2%. The rail position error resulted in PerFRACTION detected dose deviations up to 8% and 3% in open field and VMAT field delivery, respectively. PerFRACTION detected induced errors in IMRT fields within 2.2% of the gamma passing rate using an independent conventional analysis. Using an anthropomorphic phantom, setup errors as small as 1 mm and 0.5° were detected. Our work demonstrates that PerFRACTION, using integrated EPID image, is sensitive enough to identify positional, angular, and dosimetric errors.
Photothermally Controlled MHC Class I Restricted CD8+ T‐Cell Responses Elicited by Hyaluronic Acid Decorated Gold Nanoparticles as a Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Cao Fengqiang , Yan Mengmeng , Liu Yijia , Liu Lanxia , Ma Guilei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCancer vaccines aim to induce a strong major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC‐I)‐restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T‐cell response, which is an important prerequisite for successful cancer immunotherapy. Herein, a hyaluronic acid (HA) and antigen (ovalbumin, OVA)‐decorated gold nanoparticle (AuNPs)‐based (HA‐OVA‐AuNPs) vaccine is developed for photothermally controlled cytosolic antigen delivery using near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation and is found to induce antigen‐specific CD8+ T‐cell responses. Chemical binding of thiolated HA and OVA to AuNPs facilitates antigen uptake of dendritic cells via receptor‐mediated endocytosis. HA‐OVA‐AuNPs exhibit enhanced NIR absorption and thermal energy translation. Cytosolic antigen delivery is then permitted through the photothermally controlled process of local heat‐mediated endo/lysosome disruption by laser irradiation along with reactive oxygen species generation, which helps to augment proteasome activity and downstream MHC I antigen presentation. Consequently, the HA‐OVA‐AuNPs nanovaccine can effectively evoke a potent anticancer immune response in mice under laser irradiation. This NIR‐responsive nanovaccine is promising as a potent vaccination method for improving cancer vaccine efficacy.