bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key Strategies to Advance the Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Performance of α‐Fe2O3 Photoanode
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Jang Ji‐Wook , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe last few decades’ extensive research on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has projected it as a promising approach to meet the steadily growing demand for cleaner and renewable energy in a sustainable and economically viable fashion. Among many potential photocatalysts, hematite (α‐Fe2O3) emerges as a highly promising photoanode material with favorable characteristics including visible light absorption (a suitable band gap energy), earth abundance, chemical stability, and low cost. A pronounced disadvantage of α‐Fe2O3 is its low photovoltage together with an extremely short hole diffusion length and a low electrical conductivity, which limit its PEC water oxidation performance. To make α‐Fe2O3 as a viable photocatalyst for PEC water splitting, one needs to rectify these unfavorable characteristics of α‐Fe2O3 by elaborated multiple modifications. In this review article, we introduce various modification strategies of hematite with emphasis on surface modifications to achieve low onset potential as well as high photocurrent approaching the theoretical value for solar water splitting.
Oxidative Cleavage of the Acyl‐Carbon Bond in Phenylacetone with Electrogenerated Superoxide Anions
Authors: Zhang Yan , Sugai Tomoya , Yamamoto Takashi , Yamamoto Naoshi , Kutsumura Noriki , Einaga Yasuaki , Nishiyama Shigeru , Saitoh Tsuyoshi , Nagase Hiroshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn oxidative cleavage reaction of the acyl−carbon bond in phenylacetone derivatives under cathodic reduction is reported. This particular transformation is driven by the cathodic reduction of dissolved molecular oxygen to superoxide anions. Various cathode materials were examined, and we discovered that boron‐doped diamond (BDD) enables highly efficient molecular conversion, owing to BDD's outstanding electrochemical property for utilizing the small amounts of molecular oxygen effectively. The scope of the reaction is broad and can be applied to a variety of substrates, ranging from ketones to esters and amides. As an electric current is directly employed to generate the superoxide anion, the reaction is metal‐ and catalyst‐free. Electro‐organic synthesis using the carbon‐based BDD electrode thus provides access to sustainable molecular transformations.
In‐situ Tailoring Cobalt Nickel Molybdenum Oxide Components for Overall Water‐Splitting at High Current Densities
Authors: Ren Bowen , Li Dongqi , Jin Qiuyan , Cui Hao , Wang Chengxin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDeveloping non‐precious bifunctional electrocatalysts to drive the over water splitting that can operate well at high current densities (1,000 mA/cm2) is an urgent requirement for viable electrolysis of water. Transition metal oxides (TMO) have been intensely investigated as one of the most efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Unfortunately, their sluggish reaction kinetics towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) bring about poor overall performance. In this study, we perform a simple method to obtain the bifunctional TMO‐based electrocatalyst by in‐situ tailoring the components of cobalt nickel molybdenum oxide on nickel foam. By optimizing the annealing temperature and reaction atmosphere, we integrate HER‐active (CoMoNi) and OER‐active (CoMoOx) components together as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting. Impressively, the as‐synthesized electrocatalyst shows the high electrocatalytic activity for both OER and HER, and exhibit a low cell voltage of 1.59 V at 10 mA cm−2 when applied as both the cathode and anode in alkaline solutions. Impressively, the bifunctional electrocatalysts work well at large current densities, even in the order of 1,000 mA cm−2 (only need the cell voltage of ∼2.03 V), and remain its activity more than 20 h. Such an outstanding performance should be mainly attributed to integrated high electronic conductivity, 3D self‐supported structure, and good compatibility between HER‐active and OER‐active components. This study shows a positive model for the design of more promising and practical catalysts for full water splitting.
Bioprocess Technology – Developments, Processes, Apparatuses at ACHEMA 2018
Authors: Grau Konrad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDie Bioverfahrenstechnik umfasst alle Stufen von der physikalisch‐chemischen Rohstoffaufbereitung über die stoffliche Umsetzung durch biotechnologische und chemische Verfahren bis zur Produktaufarbeitung. Dabei sollen aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen biobasierte Chemikalien und Biokatalysatoren hergestellt werden. Die auf der diesjährigen ACHEMA präsentierten Neuerungen von Überwachungs‐ und Steuerungseinheiten bis hin zu kompletten Bioreaktorsystemen werden zusammengefasst. Trends wie zunehmende Digitalisierung und Ersetzung wiederverwendbarer Fermentationssysteme durch Single‐Use‐Systeme sind erkennbar.
ACHEMA 2018: Membranes and Membrane Separation
Authors: Herdegen Volker , Werner Arite , Milew Kerstin , Haseneder Roland , Aubel Tim 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAuf der ACHEMA 2018 war erneut eine Vielzahl an Firmen vertreten, die in der Membranentwicklung, ‐herstellung und/oder im Membrananlagenbau tätig sind. In den Bereichen Applikation, Membraneigenschaften und Kombination von verschiedenen Trennverfahren findet eine stetige Entwicklung statt. Es wird ein Überblick über aktuelle Trends und (Neu‐)Entwicklungen gegeben, die u. a. von neuen Polymermembranen zur Gastrennung über neue geometrische Strukturen zur Vergrößerung der Oberfläche keramischer Membranen bis zur Oberflächenmodifikation bspw. mittels Hydrophobierung der Membranen reichen.
A longitudinal analysis of the influence of career motivations on entrepreneurial intention and action
Authors: Delanoë‐Gueguen Servane , Liñán Francisco 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe impact of career motivations on entrepreneurial intention and action remains in need of being investigated conjointly. Using a large sample and follow‐up data collected five years later, we investigate their influence on the entrepreneurial involvement of young adults, from the expression of an intention to entrepreneurial action. We show that only the search for job security seems to have a persistent effect throughout the process. In addition, autonomy is associated with the formation of intention, while wanting to manage full processes is related to actual start‐up participation. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications. © 2018 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of CDK8/CycC Ligands with a New Virtual Screening Tool
Authors: Chen Wei , Ren Xiaodong , Chang Chia‐en A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSelective inhibition of cyclin‐dependent kinase 8 and cyclin C (CDK8/CycC) has been suggested as a promising strategy for decreasing mitogenic signals in cancer cells with reduced toxicity toward normal cells. We developed a novel virtual screening protocol for drug development and applied it to the discovery of new CDK8/CycC type II ligands, which is likely to achieve long residence time and specificity. We first analyzed the binding thermodynamics of 11 published pyrazolourea ligands using molecular dynamics simulations and a free‐energy calculation method, VM2, and extracted the key binding information to assist virtual screening. The urea moiety was found to be the critical structural contributor of the reference ligands. Starting with the urea moiety, we conducted substructure‐based searches with our newly developed superposition and single‐point energy evaluation method, followed by free‐energy calculations, and singled out three purchasable compounds for bioassay testing. The ranking from the experimental results is completely consistent with the predicted rankings. A potent drug‐like compound was found to have a Kd value of 42.5 nm, which is similar to those of the most potent reference ligands; this provided a good starting point for further improvement. This study shows that our novel virtual screening protocol is an accurate and efficient tool for drug development.
Adaptive TB‐LMI: An efficient memory controller and scheduler design
Authors: El-Moursy A.A. , Elhelw A.S. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn the modern multi‐core systems, concurrently executing applications share common resource such as main memory. Memory scheduling algorithms are developed to resolve memory contention among competing applications so that throughput is high and fairness of the overall multi‐core system is guaranteed. In this paper, we present Adaptive Time‐based Least Memory Intensive (Adaptive TB‐LMI) scheduling, a new memory scheduling algorithm that addresses both fairness and system performance. Adaptive TB‐LMI is based on TB‐LMI which prioritizes applications according to their memory contention every pre‐defined CPU cycle. Adaptive TB‐LMI dynamically prioritizes applications according to their memory contention. Considering the previous algorithms with the best performance, for 16‐core system, TB‐LMI improves system throughput on average by 2.25X and 36% comparing to FCFS and TCM respectively. Adaptive TB‐LMI is 6% better than the TB‐LMI with static threshold. In terms of fairness and slowdown metrics, TB‐LMI show improvements of 30% and 3X, respectively, compared to FCFS and, 18% and 8%, respectively, compared to TCM. Adaptive TB‐LMI and TB‐LMI are 15% more efficient in energy‐delay product, although they are within 5% in terms of area overhead. Moreover, TCM has an area overhead of about 45% more than Adaptive TB‐LMI. In terms of Energy‐Delay Product, Adaptive TB‐LMI is 10% and 24% better than TB‐LMI and TCM, respectively. This is due to the dynamic capabilities of the adaptive algorithm to change the rate of the SQ, hence reducing the energy consumption.
In situ Second‐Harmonic Generation Circular Dichroism with Submonolayer Sensitivity
Authors: von Weber Alexander , Jakob Matthias , Kratzer Eva , Kartouzian Aras , Heiz Ueli 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this work, we present an experimental setup for the in situ and ex situ study of the optical activity of samples, which can be prepared under ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) conditions by second‐harmonic generation circular dichroism (SHG‐CD) over a broad spectral range. The use of a racemic mixture as a qualified reference for the anisotropy factor is described and, as an example, the chiroptical properties of 1.5 μm thick (multilayers) as well as sub‐monolayer thin films of the R‐ and S‐enantiomer of 1,1′‐Bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL) evaporated onto BK7 substrates were investigated.
INQ‐15 cut‐off scores for suicidal ideation screening of women with chronic, invisible illnesses
Authors: Brookings Jeffrey B. , Pederson Cathy L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the interpersonal theory of suicide, perceived burdensomeness (PB) and thwarted belongingness (TB) are proximal triggers of suicidal ideation. Using the 15‐item version of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ‐15), suicidal ideation in psychiatric inpatients was predicted by the PB and TB scales, and cut‐off scores were recommended. In this study, women (N = 942) who reported one or more chronic, invisible illnesses completed an online survey including the INQ‐15 and the Suicide Behaviours Questionnaire‐Revised (SBQ‐R). PB and TB correlated significantly with SBQ‐R total scores (r = 0.575 and 0.437, respectively; p < 0.01). In a Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis, scores of 17 for PB and 37 for TB maximized the correct classification of high‐risk and low‐risk participants, with slightly higher classification accuracy for PB than TB (AUCs = 0.781 and 0.701, respectively). These results support the INQ‐15 scales in screening for suicidal ideation among chronically ill women.
Molecular and chemical characterization of mutant and nonmutant genotypes of saffron grown in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sharaf‐Eldin Mahmoud A. , Alam Pravej , Elkholy Shereen F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) is an important spice and medicinal plant that is cultivated in Asia, Europe, North Africa, and North America. Its morphological and biochemical parameters, such as the changes in the floral parts (six tepals, three stamens, three stigmata), biomass, and chlorophyll content, are primarily affected by environmental conditions. A polymerase chain reaction–rapid amplified polymorphic DNA (PCR‐RAPD) approach was used to analyze the extent of the polymorphisms between C. sativus genotypes grown in the Saudi climate. In this research study, the DNA fingerprints of the stigmata of C. sativus genotypes [K1 & K2 = C. sativus var. cashmerianus, C1 = C. sativus (nonmutant), T1 = mutant (T0‐2B), T2 = mutant (T1‐2B), T3 = mutant (T4‐2A)] were determined according to the floral parts, and a total of 10 decamer primers were used for PCR‐RAPD analysis. Only three pairs of arbitrary primers showed polymorphisms (33.3%–88.2%) in the total genomic DNA extracted from these genotypes. Jaccard's similarity index (JSI) ranged from 0.88 to 1.0. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) similarity and dendrogram matrix showed that two genotypes (T1‐2B and T4‐2A) were closely related to each other and to the strain CM‐cashmerianus, while the T0 of C. sativus genotype showed divergence.
Conceptualizing leakage and storage contributions from long open interval wells in regional deep basin flow models
Authors: Mannix Devin H. , Abrams Daniel B. , Hadley Daniel R. , Roadcap George S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDeep basin aquifers are increasingly used in water‐stressed areas, though their potential for sustainable development is inhibited by overlying aquitards and limited recharge rates. Long open interval wells (LOIWs)—wells uncased through multiple hydrostratigraphic units—are present in many confined aquifer systems and can be an important mechanism for deep basin aquifers to receive flow across aquitards. LOIWs are a major control on flow in the deep Cambrian–Ordovician sandstone aquifers of the upper Midwest, USA, providing a source of artificial leakage from shallow bedrock aquifers and equilibrating head within the sandstone aquifers despite differential pumpage. Conceptualizing and quantifying this anthropogenic flow has long been a challenge for groundwater flow modellers, particularly on a regional scale. Synoptic measurements of active production wells and well completion data for northeast Illinois form the basis for a transient, head‐specified MODFLOW model that determines mass balance contributions to the region and estimates LOIW leakage to the aquifers. Using this insight, transient LOIW leakage was simulated using transiently changing KV zones in a traditional, Q‐specified MODFLOW‐USG model, a novel approach that allows the KV in a cell containing a LOIW to change transiently by use of the time‐variant materials (TVM) package. With this modification, we achieved a consistent calibration through time, averaging 19.9 m root mean squared error. This model indicates that artificial leakage via LOIWs contributed a minimum of 10–13% of total flow to the sandstone aquifers through the entire history of pumping, up to 50% of flow around 1930. Removal from storage exceeds 40% of flow during peak withdrawals, much of this flow sourced from units other than the primary sandstone aquifers via LOIWs. As such, understanding the timing and magnitude of LOIW leakage is essential for predicting future water availability in deep basin aquifers.
Facilitators and barriers to using neurological outcome measures in developed and developing countries
Authors: Demers Marika , Blanchette Andréanne K. , Mullick Aditi A. , Shah Akash , Woo Kathleen , Solomon John , Levin Mindy F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and compare factors influencing the use of standardized outcome measures by neurological physical therapists working in representative developed (Canada) and developing (India) countries.MethodsA self‐administered web‐based questionnaire on facilitators and barriers to using neurological outcome measures was sent by email to neurological physical therapists in Canada and India. Frequencies of responses to each question were computed. Differences between countries were assessed using two‐proportion z test.ResultsOf 317 respondents, the use of standardized outcome measures was higher for Indian (96.7%) compared with Canadian physical therapists (89.2%). Among the most highly reported facilitators, three were common for both countries (known validity and reliability, outcome measures learned in professional training, and recommended in clinical practice guidelines). Three highly reported barriers were also common for India and Canada (lack of time, relying on judgement for clinical decisions, and unavailability of the assessment tools). Nevertheless, there were differences in the percentages of barriers and facilitators between countries.ConclusionUnderstanding the factors influencing the uptake of outcome measures among neurological physical therapists working in a developed (Canada) and a developing country (India) can help identify whether strategies should or should not be modified to facilitate knowledge translation in different geographical, professional, or social contexts.
Berberine alleviates oxidized low‐density lipoprotein‐induced macrophage activation by downregulating galectin‐3 via the NF‐κB and AMPK signaling pathways
Authors: Pei ChongZhe , Zhang Yi , Wang Ping , Zhang BeiJian , Fang Lu , Liu Bo , Meng Shu 
Published: November 2018

Macrophage activation plays a central role in neoatherosclerosis and in‐stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Galectin‐3, mainly expressed on macrophages, is an important regulator of inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of berberine (BBR) on oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced macrophage activation and galectin‐3 expression and their underlying mechanisms. THP‐1‐derived macrophages were pretreated with BBR prior to stimulation with ox‐LDL. Galectin‐3 expression was measured by real‐time PCR, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy. Macrophage activation was assessed by lipid accumulation, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and CD11b and CD86. Plasma galectin‐3 levels were measured in patients undergoing PCI at baseline and after BBR treatment for 3 months. BBR suppressed ox‐LDL‐induced upregulation of galectin‐3 and macrophage activation. Overexpression of galectin‐3 intervened the inhibitory effect of BBR on macrophage activation. BBR activated phospho‐AMPK and inhibited phospho‐NF‐κB p65 nuclear translocation. AMPK inhibition and NF‐κB activation abolished the inhibitory effects of BBR on galectin‐3 expression and macrophage activation. Combination of BBR and rosuvastatin exerted greater effects than BBR or rosuvastatin alone. However, BBR treatment did not further reduce plasma galectin‐3 after PCI in patients receiving standard therapy. In conclusion, BBR alleviates ox‐LDL‐induced macrophage activation by downregulating galectin‐3 via the NF‐κB and AMPK signaling pathways.
A virtualized test automation framework: A DellEMC case study of test automation practice
Authors: O'Shea Donna , Ortin Francisco , Geary Kevin 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAs software development life‐cycles continue to shorten, the need for reliable, maintainable and scalable test automation solutions becomes more and more important. This importance arises as software, test and automation activities occur earlier in the development life cycle with the aim of providing accelerated feedback on the code and software produced. In this environment, infrastructure and development environments are made available earlier to test teams, the demand of which can create environment bottlenecks as software and automation teams also require the same resources at the same time. To help maximize the use of the underlying resources virtualization and cloud based solutions have been proposed. However, at present there is no guidance on how to design and implement a test automation solution that leverages an underlying virtualized infrastructure. In this paper a virtualized test automation framework designed and implemented by DellEMC Software Quality team in Cork, Ireland is presented along with a macro benchmark analysis of its performance over different virtualization environments.
Development of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a high-level recombinant protein expression system
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Xin , Qiu Jin , Wang Kaikai , Meng Kun , Luo Huiying , Su Xiaoyun , Ma Rui , Huang Huoqing , Yao Bin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens K11 is a hyperproducer of extracellular neutral protease, which can produce recombinant homologous protein steadily and is amenable to scale up to high-cell density fermentation. The present study aims to genetically modify strain K11 as a highly efficient secretory expression system for high-level production of heterologous proteins. Using B. amyloliquefaciens K11 and alkaline protease gene BcaprE as the expression host and model gene, the gene expression levels mediated by combinations of promoters PamyQ, PaprE and Pnpr and signal peptides SPamyQ, SPaprE and SPnpr were assessed on shake flask level. The PamyQ-SPaprE was found to be the best secretory expression cassette, giving the highest enzyme activities of extracellular BcaprE (13,800 ± 308 U/mL). Using the same expression system, the maltogenic α-amylase Gs-MAase and neutral protease BaNPR were successfully produced with the enzyme activities of 19. ± 0.2 U/mL and 17,495 ± 417 U/mL, respectively. After knocking out the endogenous neutral protease-encoding gene Banpr, the enzyme activities of BcaprE and Gs-MAase were further improved by 25.4% and 19.4%, respectively. Moreover, the enzyme activities of BcaprE were further improved to 30,200 ± 312 U/mL in a 15 L fermenter following optimization of the fermentation conditions. In the present study, the genetically engineered B. amyloliquefaciens strain 7-6 containing PamyQ-SPaprE as the secretory expression cassette was developed. This efficient expression system shows general applicability and represents an excellent industrial strain for the production of heterologous proteins.
Perceptions of middle school youth about school bullying
Authors: Ybarra Michele L. , Espelage Dorothy L. , Valido Alberto , Hong Jun Sung , Prescott Tonya L. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionBullying prevention remains a major focus for schools yet prevention programs have yielded limited efficacy. This suggests that efforts to make the programs more salient for youth may result in greater reductions in bullying behavior.MethodsTo inform the development of a text messaging‐based bullying prevention program for middle school youth, we conducted two online, asynchronous focus groups with 37 youth in grades 6–8. Youth were recruited across the United States using an online panel. Topics and questions were posted twice‐daily across three days; youth responded when convenient.ResultsFindings suggested: (a) When asked, many youth provided definitions of bullying that were simliar to the CDC's definition (e.g., differential power). At times, these did not align with their school's definition, however. (b) Youth said those who were ‘different’, quiet, or unpopular were more likely to be targeted by bullies; (c) Central tenants of bullying prevention programs (e.g., help‐seeking, bystander interventions) did not always resonate with youth (e.g., becuase they could be hurt by the bully) although youth did share a range of strategies to manage anger; and (d) Many youth reported that bullying prevention efforts at their school were limited to posters and assemblies.ConclusionsAsking students about their perspectives of the main tenants of bully prevention programs provides opportunities to craft prevention program content that better speaks to the experiences and concerns that youth have when trying to navigate these difficult situations. Focus groups are also useful in identifying the ways in which youth talk about bullying and other types of peer aggression to guide the ‘voice’ of the program.