bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential roles of chromium on inflammatory biomarkers in diabetes: A Systematic
Authors: Moradi Fardin , Maleki Vahid , Saleh‐Ghadimi Sevda , Kooshki Fatemeh , Pourghassem Gargari Bahram 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDiabetes, as a low‐grade chronic inflammatory disease, causes disruption in proper function of immune and metabolic system. Chromium is an important element required for normal lipid and glucose metabolism. Chromium deficiency is correlated with elevation in cardiometabolic risk, which results from increased inflammation. This systematic review was conducted to discover the potential roles of chromium on inflammatory biomarkers. Eligible studies were all in vitro, animal and human studies published in English‐language journals from inception until October 2018. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar databases were searched to fined interventional studies from the effects of chromium on inflammatory biomarkers such as tumour necrosis factor a (TNF‐a), C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein–1 (MCP‐1), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and adipocytokines in hyperglycaemia and diabetes. Out of 647 articles found in the search, only 14 articles were eligible for analysis, three in vitro studies, eight animal studies and three human studies. Twelve of the 14 studies included in this review, chromium significantly decreased inflammatory factors. The findings of this review indicate, based on in vitro and in vivo studies, that chromium might have potential anti‐inflammatory properties, but some of the studies did not show anti‐inflammatory effects for chromium (two studies). There are only three studies in humans with controversial results. Therefore, more consistent randomized double‐blind controlled trials are needed to reach relevant clinical recommendations, as well as to determine the precise mechanism, of chromium on inflammation in diabetes.
Depth distributions of nitrite reductase (nirK) gene variants reveal spatial dynamics of thaumarchaeal ecotype populations in coastal Monterey Bay
Authors: Reji Linta , Tolar Bradley B. , Smith Jason M. , Chavez Francisco P. , Francis Christopher A. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAmmonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are key players in nutrient cycling, yet large gaps remain in our understanding of their ecology and metabolism. Despite multiple lines of evidence pointing to a central role for copper‐containing nitrite reductase (NirK) in AOA metabolism, the thaumarchaeal nirK gene is rarely studied in the environment. In this study, we examine the diversity of nirK in the marine pelagic environment, in light of previously described ecological patterns of pelagic thaumarchaeal populations. Phylogenetic analyses show that nirK better resolves diversification patterns of marine Thaumarchaeota, compared to the conventionally used marker gene amoA. Specifically, we demonstrate that the three major phylogenetic clusters of marine nirK correspond to the three ‘ecotype’ populations of pelagic Thaumarchaeota. In this context, we further examine the relative distributions of the three variant groups in metagenomes and metatranscriptomes representing two depth profiles in coastal Monterey Bay. Our results reveal that nirK effectively tracks the dynamics of thaumarchaeal ecotype populations, particularly finer‐scale diversification patterns within major lineages. We also find evidence for multiple copies of nirK per genome in a fraction of thaumarchaeal cells in the water column, which must be taken into account when using it as a molecular marker.
The Restoration and Renewal of the Palace of Westminster: Avoiding the Trap and Realising the Promise
Authors: Flinders Matthew , Meakin Alexandra , Anderson Alexandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy failing to acknowledge the link between the design of our political institutions and growing levels of anti‐political sentiment, the restoration and renewal programme risks falling into a trap of its own making. Involving the public from the outset in an open review of the (re)design options for Westminster—in a positive and confident conversation—ensures the best opportunity for meaningful engagement between the public and the future of their democracy.
Mineralogy, Fluid Inclusion and H‐O‐C‐S Stable Isotopes of Mengqiguer Uranium Deposit in the Southern Yili Basin, Xinjiang: Implication for Ore Formation
Authors: DING Bo , LIU Hongxu , ZHANG Chuang , LIU Hongjun , LI Ping , ZHANG Bin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Mengqiguer deposit in the southern Yili basin Ili Basin is a large interlayer‐oxidation‐zone type uranium deposit. In this paper, we applied multiple methods including microscopic observation, scanning electron microscope and electronic probe, to analyze the systematical alteration characteristics of the ore‐bearing sandstone layer. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies on the ore‐bearing sandstone have also been carried out to discuss the internal relations between fluid activities, epigenetic alteration and the uranium mineralization. Major epigenetic alteration include clay alteration, carbonatization and pyritization, of which biogenetic pyritization is most closely related to the uranium mineralization. This suggests the existence of microorganism during the uranium mineralization process. The mineralization fluids of low temperature, medium density but varied salinities are suggested to be derived from multi‐source, including the meteoric water and organic acidic vapor components from coal‐bearing strata. Uranium mineralization, grain‐dispersed kaolinite, limonite, colloidal pyrite, and the carbonate cements associated with sulfate‐reducing bacteria were formed by meteoric water and vermicular‐shaped kaolinite, autologous pyrite, and the carbonate cementation associated with the dehydroxylation of organic matter was formed by organic acidic. Based on these results, we consider that the uranium mineralization and epigenetic alteration both resulted from the reciprocity of organic–inorganic fluid and fluid–rock during the formation of the interlayer oxidation zone.
Genesis for Rare Earth Elements Enrichment in the Permian Manganese Deposits in Zunyi, Guizhou Province, SW China
Authors: XU Hai , GAO Junbo , YANG Ruidong , DU Lijuan , LIU Zhichen , CHEN Jun , FENG Kangning , YANG Guanghai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Zunyi manganese deposits, which formed during the Middle to Late Permian period and are located in northern Guizhou and adjacent areas, are the core area of a series of large‐medium scale manganese enrichment minerogenesis in the southern margin and interior of the Yangtze platform, Southern China. This study reports the universal enrichment of rare earth elements (REEs) in Zunyi manganese deposits and examines the enrichment characteristics, metallogenic environment and genesis of REEs. The manganese ore bodies present stratiform or stratoid in shape, hosted in the silicon–mud–limestones of the Late Permian Maokou Formation. The manganese ores generally present lamellar, massive, banded and brecciated structures, and mainly consist of rhodochrosite, ropperite, tetalite, capillitite, as well as contains paragenetic gangue minerals including pyrite, chalcopyrite, rutile, barite, tuffaceous clay rock, etc. The manganese ores have higher ΣREE contents range from 158 to 1138.9 ppm (average 509.54 ppm). In addition, the ΣREE contents of tuffaceous clay rock in ore beds vary from 1032.2 to 1824.5 ppm (average 1396.42 ppm). The REEs from manganese deposits are characterized by La, Ce, Nd and Y enriched, and existing in the form of independent minerals (e.g., monazite and xenotime), indicating Zunyi manganese deposits enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE). The Ceanom ratios (average –0.13) and lithofacies and paleogeography characteristics indicate that Zunyi manganese deposits were formed in a weak oxidation‐reduction environment. The (La/Yb)ch, Y/Ho, (La/Nd)N, (Dy/Yb)N, Ce/Ce* and Eu/Eu* values of samples from the Zunyi manganese deposits are 5.53–56.92, 18–39, 1.42–3.15, 0.55–2.20, 0.21–1.76 and 0.48–0.86, respectively, indicating a hydrothermal origin for the manganese mineralization and REEs enrichment. The (δ13CV‐PDB (−0.54 to −18.1%) and (δ18OSMOW (21.6 to 26.0%) characteristics of manganese ores reveal a mixed source of magmatic and organic matter. Moreover, the manganese ore, tuffaceous clay rock and Emeishan basalt have extremely similar REE fractionation characteristic, suggesting REEs enrichment and manganese mineralization have been mainly origin from hydrothermal fluids.
Clinical features and outcome of acute exacerbation in connective tissue disease‐associated interstitial lung disease: A single‐center study from India
Authors: Singh Pratima , Thakur Bhaskar , Mohapatra Amrut Kumar , Padhan Prasanta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAcute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with high mortality, but there is limited clinical data on AE of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in connective tissue disease‐associated ILD (CTD ILD). The present study was conducted to provide prevalence and clinical features of AE, as well as various risk factors associated with mortality among AE CTD ILD patients.MethodsBetween May 2013 and April 2018, 15 patients who developed AE among 105 consecutive patients with CTD with chronic ILD were included. AE was defined using the criteria recently proposed by the IPF net, with slight modification for adaptation to CVD‐IP6 (collagen vascular disease‐associated interstitial pneumonia), and patients having CTD with AE met all the criteria.ResultsFifteen patients with mean age of 45.8 ± 13.9 years developed AE; the most common subgroup (n = 5, 33%) was systemic sclerosis. The mean duration (months) between diagnosis of ILD and AE was 56.5 ± 38.0 with mean follow‐up duration of 24 ± 18.1 months. The baseline arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) was 81.7 ± 8.1 mm Hg and mean forced vital capacity (%) was 57.9 ± 8.9. Five patients requiring mechanical ventilation died. Patients with shorter duration (months) of disease between onset of ILD to AE had higher mortality, 40.4 ± 45.1 vs 64.6 ± 33.6. Those who had significantly lower baseline PaO2 (mean ± SD), 72.6 ± 3.4 vs 86.2 ± 5.3 mm Hg (P = .002) had higher mortality.ConclusionsIn our study, the majority of patients with AE CTD ILD had systemic sclerosis. Patients with lower baseline PaO2 and those requiring mechanical ventilation had higher mortality.
Persistent Changes in Stress‐Regulatory Genes in Pregnant Women or Children Exposed Prenatally to Alcohol
Authors: Sarkar Dipak K. , Gangisetty Omkaram , Wozniak Jeffrey R. , Eckerle Judith K. , Georgieff Michael K. , Foroud Tatiana M. , Wetherill Leah , Wertelecki Wladimir , Chambers Christina D. , Riley Edward , Zymak‐Zakutnya Natalya , Yevtushok Lyubov 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundWe have recently shown that binge or heavy levels of alcohol drinking increase deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and reduce gene expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and period 2 (PER2) in adult human subjects (Gangisetty et al., Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 43, 2019, 212). One hypothesis would be that methylation of these 2 genes is consistently associated with alcohol exposure and could be used as biomarkers to predict risk of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Results of the present study provided some support for this hypothesis.MethodsWe conducted a series of studies to determine DNA methylation changes in stress regulatory genes proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and period 2 (PER2) using biological samples from 3 separate cohorts of patients: (i) pregnant women who consumed moderate‐to‐high levels of alcohol or low/unexposed controls, (ii) children with PAE and non–alcohol‐exposed controls, and (iii) children with PAE treated with or without choline.ResultsWe found pregnant women who consumed moderate‐to‐high levels of alcohol and gave birth to PAE children had higher DNA methylation of POMC and PER2. PAE children also had increased methylation of POMC and PER2. The differences in the gene methylation of PER2 and POMC between PAE and controls did not differ by maternal smoking status. PAE children had increased levels of stress hormone cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone. Choline supplementation reduced DNA hypermethylation and increased expression of POMC and PER2 in children with PAE.ConclusionsThese data suggest that PAE significantly elevates DNA methylation of POMC and PER2 and increases levels of stress hormones. Furthermore, these results suggest the possibility that measuring DNA methylation levels of PER2 and POMC in biological samples from pregnant women or from children may be useful for identification of a woman or a child with PAE.
Disrupted Fear and Sadness Recognition in Binge Drinking: A Combined Group and Individual Analysis
Authors: Lannoy Séverine , Benzerouk Farid , Maurage Pierre , Barrière Sarah , Billieux Joël , Naassila Mickaël , Kaladjian Arthur , Gierski Fabien 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundBinge drinking is a harmful pattern of alcohol consumption, associated with cognitive and cerebral impairments. Indeed, various cognitive processes have been identified as disrupted in binge drinking, ranging from perceptive to executive functions, but emotional processes have conversely been little investigated. Particularly, it is unclear to what extent binge drinkers (BD) present difficulties to recognize and categorize the emotions expressed by other individuals. Such an exploration would, however, offer a more comprehensive view of the deficits associated with alcohol‐related disorders and potentially involved in the maintenance of this harmful habit.MethodsFifty‐two BD and 42 control participants performed an emotional task assessing the ability to recognize 6 basic emotions (i.e., anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness). Accuracy score and detection threshold were collected for each emotion. To explore the extent of emotion recognition difficulties, 2 analyses were conducted: (i) classical repeated measures analyses of variance, to compare groups’ performance, and (ii) multiple single‐case analyses (i.e., Crawford's t‐tests), to determine the percentage of BD presenting genuine emotion recognition deficits. Correlations were also performed between alcohol consumption characteristics and emotional recognition scores.ResultsBD presented reduced performance for the recognition of fear and sadness. Multiple single cases highlighted that these deficits respectively concerned 21.15 and 15.38% of the binge drinking sample, and the relation between binge drinking and reduced sadness detection was supported by correlational analyses.ConclusionsThese findings show that binge drinking is associated with a disrupted processing of emotional stimuli. By identifying heterogeneity in the impairments presented by BD, the present results also underline the usefulness of a combined group and individual Analysis.
Value‐based decision‐making of cigarette and nondrug rewards in dependent and occasional cigarette smokers: An FMRI study
Authors: Lawn Will , Mitchener Ludovico , Freeman Tom P. , Benattayallah Abdelmalek , Bisby James A. , Wall Matt B. , Dodds Chris M. , Curran Helen V. , Morgan Celia J.A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the neural functioning that underpins drug valuation and choice in addiction, including nicotine dependence. Following ad libitum smoking, 19 dependent smokers (smoked≥10/day) and 19 occasional smokers (smoked 0.5‐5/week) completed a decision‐making task. First, participants stated how much they were willing‐to‐pay for various amounts of cigarettes and shop vouchers. Second, during functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants decided if they wanted to buy these cigarettes and vouchers for a set amount of money. We examined decision‐making behaviour and brain activity when faced with cigarette and voucher decisions, purchasing (vs not purchasing) cigarettes and vouchers, and “value signals” where brain activity correlated with cigarette and voucher value. Dependent smokers had a higher willingness‐to‐pay for cigarettes and greater activity in the bilateral middle temporal gyrus when faced with cigarette decisions than occasional smokers. Across both groups, the decision to buy cigarettes was associated with activity in the left paracingulate gyrus, right nucleus accumbens, and left amygdala. The decision to buy vouchers was associated with activity in the left superior frontal gyrus, but dependent smokers showed weaker activity in the left posterior cingulate gyrus than occasional smokers. Across both groups, cigarette value signals were observed in the left striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. To summarise, nicotine dependence was associated with greater behavioural valuation of cigarettes and brain activity during cigarette decisions. When purchasing cigarettes and vouchers, reward and decision‐related brain regions were activated in both groups. For the first time, we identified value signals for cigarettes in the brain.
Comparison of microRNAs in adipose and muscle tissue from seven indigenous Chinese breeds and Yorkshire pigs
Authors: Liang Y. , Wang Y. , Ma L. , Zhong Z. , Yang X. , Tao X. , Chen X. , He Z. , Yang Y. , Zeng K. , Kang R. , Gong J. , Ying S. , Lei Y. , Pang J. , Lv X. , Gu Y. 
Published: July 2019

SummaryElucidation of the pig microRNAome is essential for interpreting functional elements of the genome and understanding the genetic architecture of complex traits. Here, we extracted small RNAs from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and we compared their expression levels between one Western breed (Yorkshire) and seven indigenous Chinese breeds. We detected the expression of 172 known porcine microRNAs (miRNAs) and 181 novel miRNAs. Differential expression analysis found 92 and 12 differentially expressed miRNAs in adipose and muscle tissue respectively. We found that different Chinese breeds shared common directional miRNA expression changes compared to Yorkshire pigs. Some miRNAs differentially expressed across multiple Chinese breeds, including ssc‐miR‐129‐5p, ssc‐miR‐30 and ssc‐miR‐150, are involved in adipose tissue function. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs are associated mainly with signaling pathways rather than metabolic and biosynthetic processes. The miRNA–target gene and miRNA–phenotypic traits networks identified many hub miRNAs that regulate a large number of target genes or phenotypic traits. Specifically, we found that intramuscular fat content is regulated by the greatest number of miRNAs in muscle tissue. This study provides valuable new candidate miRNAs that will aid in the improvement of meat quality and production.
Perceptions of anthrax in livestock from Victorian dairy farmers in the Goulburn‐Murray region of Victoria, Australia
Authors: Brownlie TS , Holmes I , Delahunty H , Salmon S , Hunnam JC 
Published: July 2019

To inform future anthrax surveillance and response activities and to revitalise the communication strategy for producers and their communities, seven dairy farmers in the Goulburn‐Murray region of Victoria participated in a Design Thinking process to create a better method to share information about the annual probability of anthrax in their region.Design Thinking is a structured, user‐centric design process that begins with intentionally un‐structured interviews. Following each interview, transcripts are disassembled into common themes identified by clustering similar statements from these interviews. This short contribution presents these themes re‐framed into eight core statements.These statements provide a framework for the remainder of the Design Thinking process but in isolation provide a reference for stake‐holding agencies seeking to maximise farmer participation in surveillance programs for early anthrax detection, to encourage active farmer participation during a response and to minimise any anthrax‐associated stigma by affected farmers post‐response.
Population profiles of child‐reported psychotic‐like experiences and their differential association with other psychopathologies
Authors: Laurens Kristin R. , Tzoumakis Stacy , Dean Kimberlie , Harris Felicity , Carr Vaughan J. , Green Melissa J. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesChildhood psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) increase risk for concurrent and future psychiatric disorders but are common in the population. Strategies are needed to identify vulnerable individuals who may benefit from monitoring or targeted intervention. This study aimed to delineate profiles of childhood PLEs that might be differentially associated with other psychopathologies, and multiple psychopathology.DesignCross‐sectional, online self‐report survey.MethodsParticipants were 27,000 Australian children from a population cohort (13,416 girls; mean age 11.91 years) who completed an online self‐report questionnaire assessing PLEs (hallucinations and delusions) and Emotional, Peer Relationship, Conduct, and Hyperactivity–Inattention psychopathology. Latent class analysis differentiated classes of children showing different patterns of PLE responses, and multinomial logistic regression determined the association between the PLE classes and the various psychopathologies, adjusted for demographic covariates and the other psychopathologies.ResultsFive latent profiles of PLE responses were characterized as follows: None (27.4% of children), Minor (29.7%), Moderate (11.8%), Hallucinatory (21.0%), and Strong (10.2%). These classes showed distinct associations with other psychopathologies (odds ratios between 1.27 and 4.58), and dose–response relationships indicated increasing likelihood of multiple psychopathology for the Hallucinatory and Strong classes (odds ratio = 21.87 for ≥3 psychopathologies in the Strong class).ConclusionsTailored interventions that address the particular needs of these different classes of individuals may be warranted.Practitioner points

Children aged 11–12 years who report psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) can be classified into five different PLE profiles based on self‐reported questionnaire responses, which may reflect different pathological processes.

These PLE profiles show different patterns and magnitudes of increased risk for other types of psychopathology, and multiple psychopathology, suggesting that they present different treatment needs.

Cross‐sectional investigation of the associations between PLE profiles and other psychopathologies limits any conclusions as to the causal direction of these relationships.

Multi‐informant reports of psychopathology were unavailable.
Indigenous peoples, local communities, and Payments for Ecosystem Services
Authors: Smith Tonya , Bulkan Janette , Zerriffi Hisham , Tansey James 
Published: July 2019

Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programs are reshaping the governance of ecosystems and natural resources around the world. These programs often occur in spaces that are unceded, contested, or otherwise not legally recognized as Indigenous homelands, customary areas, and territories. Building on the discourses of Indigenous self‐determination, nationhood, and cultural responsibilities, this paper examines how PES programs produce unique outcomes for Indigenous peoples as ecosystem services providers. Our findings demonstrate and substantiate three themes that impact Indigenous ecosystem services providers uniquely: (1) the internationally recognized right to Free, Prior and Informed Consent for Indigenous peoples; (2) the reinforcement of settler colonial jurisdiction; and (3) mismatches between Indigenous knowledges and PES‐type approaches. The ways that PES programs run the risk of reifying and reducing Indigenous knowledges have not yet been adequately considered within current PES approaches. Our findings enable a conceptualization of PES as a new conservation tool within ongoing histories of land management and dispossession by settler colonial governments. We assess the strengths and challenges of PES programs as a departure from previous conservation modalities.