bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on Charged Nanogels for Interfacial Tension Reduction and Emulsion Stabilization at Various Salinities and Oil Types
Authors: Geng Jiaming , Han Pu , Bai Baojun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Nanoparticles have been systematically investigated for their EOR mechanisms, such as rock wettability alternation, oil displacement by disjoining pressure, and the stabilization of emulsion and foam. Nanogels are nano-sized crosslinked polymeric particles that have the properties of both nanoparticles and hydrogels. The goal of this study is to investigate the oil-water interfacial behavior in the presence of nanogels, especially the dynamic interfacial tension and the stability of oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions. The nanogels synthesized in this study are able to reduce the oil-water interfacial tension and stabilize the o/w emulsions. The diameter and zeta-potential of the charged nanogels are dramatically influenced by the brine salinity whereas the neutral charged nanogels are barely affected by salt. The synthesized nanogels are stable in distilled water and brines at room temperature for more than 60 days. The dynamic interfacial tension results show that the nanogels are able to reduce the oil-water interfacial tension to as much as 1/30 of the original value. In addition, the interfacial tension reduction is more significant at high salinity (ranging from 10,000 to 50,000 ppm NaCl concentration). Emulsion stability results demonstrated that the stability of emulsified oil drops was controlled by both the strength of the adsorbed nanogel layers and the interactions among oil drops. The salt dependent interfacial tension and emulsion stability indicated that the appropriate charged nanogel can be a promising candidate for enhanced oil recovery.
A Model for Platform Location Optimization in Shale Gas with Learning Effect
Authors: Gu Yue , Gao Deli , Yang Jin , Wang Zhiyue , Li Xin , Tan Leichuan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Shale gas in the mountain area is exploited in well factory mode. Learning effect due to well factory mode significantly affect the drilling cost, which has a powerful effect on platform location. The learning index, which is quantitative assessment of learning effect in the process of shale gas exploitment, is made by adjusted cosine similarity in this paper. The learning index, of which data comes from adjacent well, takes drilling cost, the well length and drilling time into account. The platform location optimization model, which considers learning effect, maximum number of wells one platform allowed and well trajectory, is established. The genetic algorithm is applied to solve the optimization model and the genetic operator is improved base on shale gas exploitation in mountain area. All the calculation procedure of genetic algorithm is performed in this work. The case study indicates that the optimization model can reduce the platform amount in a given area and increase the well amount one platform drills, namely, reduce the drilling cost by optimizing the platform location. The study demonstrates that the platform location optimization model established in this paper can both effectively quantify learning effect due to the well factory mode drilling in mountain area and decrease the drilling cost.
Understanding the Impact of Condensate Composition on Performance of Gas Well Deliquification Surfactants
Authors: Ren Ginger , Sanders Aaron , Friesen Dawn , Seymour Brian 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Surfactants are used in gas well deliquification to generate foam to lift liquid condensates and brine from a well during gas production. In this paper, the effect of various hydrocarbon components typically found in natural condensates on selected foaming surfactants was studied.
The screening methodology used a modified blender test to evaluate foam height and its half-life. The foaming results from the blender tests are reported for a number of alpha olefin sulfonates (AOS), alkyl ether sulfates (AES), and betaines at 25°C and ambient pressure. The surfactants were also evaluated using dynamic foam carry-over apparatus at ambient conditions for further validation.
This work helps to elucidate problems associated with choosing the proper gas well deliquification surfactant suitable for a condensate of a specific composition.
Reserves Assessment in Petroleum Accumulations Straddling Boundaries: The Relationship Between Reserves & Resources and Unitisation
Authors: Peacock Douglas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to outline the issues that should be considered and provide guidance on the assessment of reserves and resources in a variety of scenarios where petroleum accumulations straddle licence boundaries.
Petroleum accumulations straddling boundaries are common. Global estimates of the numbers of fields which straddle boundaries vary but run into hundreds or thousands with several countries/basins reported to have up to half of discovered fields straddling at least one boundary.
It is widely recognised that development of oil and gas fields straddling boundaries can be optimised through unitisation. However, less attention has been paid to the assessment of reserves and resources in such situations and how the nature and status of unitisation, or lack thereof, impacts reserves and resources assessment using the Petroleum Resources Management System (PRMS). Even in ideal situations where unitisation has been agreed, the methods and objectives of unitisation and reserves assessment are quite different. Unitisation is typically: based on in-place volumes, considers a single deterministic interpretation, follows specified technical procedures, without consideration of economics and is done at a specified time during a field's life, and may be followed by subsequent redeterminations. Reserves are: remaining recoverable volumes, consider a range of outcomes, do not follow specific procedures, do consider economics and are typically assessed at regular intervals, often annually, throughout a field's life.
The paper will examine a range of scenarios from those where unitisation has been agreed, through those where unitisation is mandated but not yet in place, to those where no unitisation is either in place or mandated. Several factors influence how such situations should be assessed. The status of the field and data on either side of the boundary will be considered including: have wells been drilled on one or both sides? Is production occurring on one or both sides? What consideration should reserves assessors give to scheduled redeterminations where agreements, formulas and outcomes are unknown. There are many cases where production has occurred on both sides and unitisation is required retroactively. Regulatory requirements regarding unitisation vary throughout the world. Where present, regulations often require unitisation to occur, but the practice lags behind the legislation. There are also situations where production has occurred on one or both sides in "rule of capture" scenarios without any requirement or plan for unitisation. Accumulations straddling international boundaries introduce additional factors that should be considered.
Is Static Nitrogen Management in Northwestern US Sugarbeet Production Appropriate?
Authors: Tarkalson David D. , Bjorneberg David L. , Dean Greg 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
With increased yields, a yield goal N management approach can lead to oversupply of N.
Oversupply of N can increase sugarbeet impurities and decrease profit.
N supply needed for max. yield was 179–204 kg N ha−1 for Idaho studies in 1977, 1997, and 2011.
Research is needed to evaluate a static N management approach in sugarbeet production.
Nitrogen (N) management is important in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) production. This paper presents data to support additional research to evaluate a new N management approach in the northwestern United States. Evaluation of historic data suggests that static N management (fixed N supply independent of yields) may have advantages compared with yield goal‐based N management in the northwestern United States. From the early 1970s to 2011, the amount of N supply needed to maximize yields in research studies was within a narrow N supply range of 179 to 204 kg N ha−1. Recommended N supplies (179–204 kg N ha−1) have not increased as yields have increased. Evidence suggests that following the past recommendations under current yield levels will likely oversupply N. On the basis of this analysis, a regionwide project has begun to determine if a static N management approach is appropriate.
Assessment of In‐Season Soil Nitrogen Tests for Corn Planted into Winter Annual Cover Crops
Authors: Norris Robert , Chim Bee Khim , Evanylo Gregory , Reiter Mark , Thomason Wade 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
The Solvita 1‐d CO2 mineralization test could be a new tool to improve in‐season N rate recommendations for corn.
Solvita and soil NO3–N tests may be useful for predicting the level of early‐season N mineralization from winter cover crops (WCCs).
Soil NO3–N collected at the V4 growth stage of corn at 0 to 15 cm was positively correlated (R2 = 0.45) with corn check yield.
Neither the Solvita nor the presidedress nitrate test detected WCC N mineralization consistently enough to use them in rate recommendations.
Environmental and economic goals encourage the use of soil N tests to improve fertilizer N (FN) management in corn (Zea mays L.). Recently, the Solvita 1‐d CO2 burst test, which proposes to estimate soil potentially mineralizable N (PMN), has been promoted as a tool for FN recommendations. We aimed to compare the Solvita test with the established presidedress nitrate test (PSNT) for estimating optimum sidedressed FN rates in a typical corn crop rotation in the Mid‐Atlantic United States that includes winter annual cover crops (WCCs). Research was conducted at eight locations from 2012 to 2014. Three WCC treatments [cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth ssp. villosa) or a cereal rye–hairy vetch mix] were the main plots and 10 FN rates were the subplots. The WCCs affected preplanting (PP) Solvita results at one location, V4 NO3–N at 0 to 15 cm (PSNT15) at four locations, and V4 NO3–N at 0 to 30 cm (PSNT30) at two locations. Correlations between soil N test parameters and relative corn yields ranged from 0.31 to 0.13. Values for PSNT15 and PSNT30 correlated positively with corn check yields (r = 0.41 and 0.39 respectively). Solvita did not provide additional information to PSNT for predicting preplanting PMN, V4 PMN, or corn check yields. The advantages of the Solvita test were its simplicity, speed of analysis, and lower coefficient of variation relative to the PSNT. Neither method was consistently effective for predicting WCC effects on soil N or relative corn yield.
Developing Near‐ and Mid‐Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis Methods for Rapid Assessment of Soil Quality in Illinois
Authors: Xia Yushu , Ugarte Carmen M. , Guan Kaiyu , Pentrak Martin , Wander Michelle M. 
Published: October 2018

Core Ideas
Lithology‐based libraries may support reusable NIR models to predict soil quality.
Monte Carlo feature selection and spectral refinement of NIR‐ and MIR‐based models.
Use of randomly drawn validation datasets and overestimation of RPD.
Estimation of plant growth via NDVI and relation to NIR‐ and MIR‐based models.
Rapid, affordable assessment of soil quality (SQ) is needed to maintain soil health. We sought to build reusable near‐ (NIR) and mid‐infrared‐ (MIR) based models using a regional library of accepted SQ indicators and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). This described soil health in 228 topsoil samples from 57 grain fields in Illinois paired to compare the influence of conventional, organic or conservation‐tillage practices. Predictive models for all SQ indicators were developed with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) using: (i) whole NIR or MIR spectra, (ii) refined spectra that included features associated with organic functional groups, or (iii) refined spectra that were identified as important using Monte Carlo feature selection (MCFS). Comparison of model building methods using randomly or systematically divided calibration and validation sets suggests that the random method overestimated model Residual Prediction Deviation (RPD). Use of systematically selected validation sets produced acceptable (RPDs ≥ 1.4) models for soil organic C (SOC), total N (TN), and exchangeable Ca and Mg using whole NIR spectra. Use of spectral refinement techniques improved MIR‐based models for SOC, TN, and exchangeable Ca to RPDs ≥ 1.4. Poor performance of models predicting other SQ indicators, including particulate organic matter (POM), potentially mineralizable N (PMN), and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis (FDA), is attributed to the influence of mineralogy associated with different types of loess. Use of lithology‐based libraries may support reusable and affordable NIR‐based models to predict SOC, TN, Ca and Mg. The addition of weather or moisture co‐variates may be needed to build models reliant on NDVI.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial and Docking Simulation of Novel Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c] pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Hassaneen Hamdi M. , Saleh Fatma M. , Abdallah Tayseer A. , Mohamed Magda F. , Mohamed Yasmin Sh. , Awad Enas M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A. 
Published: October 2018

Background:Isobutyrohydrazonoyl bromide 1 was used as a precursor for the synthesis of 4-imino-3-isopropyl-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-5H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-5-amine 4, which was converted into hydrazino derivative 5 by heating with hydrazine hydrate at reflux. Hydrazino, as well as imino-amino derivatives, underwent condensation and cyclization reactions to give pyrazolo[ 3,4-d]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-c]pyrimidine derivatives, respectively.Method:Antimicrobial studies are performed using two-gram positive bacteria and two-gram negative bacteria.Results:Data revealed that compound 9a is the most promising antibacterial agent with high efficiency (low MIC value (48 μg/ml)). The cytotoxic assay was investigated for in vitro antitumor screening against Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma MCF7, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and colon carcinoma HCT-116 cell lines.Conclusion:The results are compared with doxorubicin standard anticancer drugs as well as normal cell lines like MCF10 and MCF12. Molecular docking was carried out for the highest potent compound 8c with the binding site of dihydrofolate reductase enzyme DHFR PDB:ID (1DLS).
Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Ulcerative Colitis Therapy: A Comparative Study with Microparticles and Nanoparticles
Authors: Ma Panpan , Si Xiaoying , Chen Qiubing , Ma Lijun , Hou Meili , Xu Zhigang , Kang Yuejun , Wang Jianglin , Xiao Bo 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Oral administrations of microparticles (MPs) and nanoparticles (NPs) have
been widely employed as therapeutic approaches for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However,
no previous study has comparatively investigated the therapeutic efficacies of MPs and NPs.

Methods:
In this study, curcumin (CUR)-loaded MPs (CUR-MPs) and CUR-loaded NPs (CUR-NPs)
were prepared using a single water-in-oil emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Their therapeutic
outcomes against UC were further comparatively studied.

Results:
The resultant spherical MPs and NPs exhibited slightly negative zeta-potential with average
particle diameters of approximately 1.7 &#181;m and 270 nm, respectively. It was found that NPs exhibited
a much higher CUR release rate than MPs within the same period of investigation. In vivo experiments
demonstrated that oral administration of CUR-MPs and CUR-NPs reduced the symptoms
of inflammation in a UC mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium. Importantly, CUR-NPs
showed much better therapeutic outcomes in alleviating UC compared with CUR-MPs.

Conclusion:
NPs can improve the anti-inflammatory activity of CUR by enhancing the drug release
and cellular uptake efficiency, in comparison with MPs. Thus, they could be exploited as a promising
oral drug delivery system for effective UC treatment.
Correlation of Serum Magnesium with Insulin Resistance in North Indian Adult Population
Authors: Shamnani Geeta , Bhartiy Shekhawat S. , Jiwane Rekha , Gupta Vani , Verma Narsingh , Verma Dileep 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Globalization has lead to such lifestyle changes which have produced increase
in incidence and prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Magnesium is found to have some
role in glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum
magnesium levels with insulin resistance in apparently healthy adults.

Objective:
The objective of our study was to evaluate correlation of serum magnesium with fasting
blood sugar, insulin level and Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index
(indicator of insulin resistance) on the basis of the hypothesis that subjects with hypomagnesaemia are
more prone to develop hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a cross-sectional study which was population based. Total 130
apparently healthy adults of age between 25-65 years, were recruited with prior ethical approval and
written informed consent.

Results:
Serum magnesium was found to be negatively correlated with fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin
level and HOMA-IR. Co-relation of magnesium with FBS (r = -0.55, p<0.0001), insulin (r =
-0.45, p< 0.0001) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.52, p<0.0001) was significant.

Conclusion:
As per findings it was concluded that serum magnesium was found to have significant
negative correlation with fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin and HOMA-IR, thus hypomagnesaemia
can be suggested to be one of the important predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Indexing Natural Products for their Antifungal Activity by Filters-based Approach: Disclosure of Discriminative Properties
Authors: Rayan Mahmoud , Abdallah Ziyad , Abu-Lafi Saleh , Masalha Mahmud , Rayan Anwar 
Published: October 2018

<P>Background: A considerable worldwide increase in the rate of invasive fungal infections
and resistance toward antifungal drugs was witnessed during the past few decades. Therefore, the need
for newer antifungal candidates is paramount. Nature has been the core source of therapeutics for thousands
of years, and an impressive number of modern drugs including antifungals were derived from
natural sources. In order to facilitate the recognition of potential candidates that can be derived from
natural sources, an iterative stochastic elimination optimization technique to index natural products for
their antifungal activity was utilized.

Methods:
A set of 240 FDA-approved antifungal drugs, which represent the active domain, and a set of
2,892 natural products, which represent the inactive domain, were used to construct predictive models
and to index natural products for their antifungal bioactivity. The area under the curve for the produced
predictive model was 0.89. When applying it to a database that is composed of active/inactive chemicals,
we succeeded to detect 42% of the actives (antifungal drugs) in the top one percent of the screened
chemicals, compared with one-percent when using a random model.

Results and Conclusion:
Eight natural products, which were highly scored as likely antifungal drugs,
are disclosed. Searching PubMed showed only one molecule (Flindersine) out of the eight that have
been tested was reported as an antifungal. The other seven phytochemicals await evaluation for their
antifungal bioactivity in a wet laboratory.</P>
Complications of Immunoglobulin Therapy and Implications for Treatment of Inflammatory Neuropathy: A Review
Authors: Abbas Ahmed , Rajabally. Yusuf A. 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) forms a cornerstone of effective treatment
for acute and chronic inflammatory neuropathies, with a class I evidence base in Guillain-Barré
Syndrome (GBS), Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor
neuropathy (MMN). It is generally considered to be a safe therapy however there are several recognised
complications which are reviewed in this article.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Most adverse events are immediate and mild such as headache, fever and
nausea although more serious immediate reactions such as anaphylaxis may rarely occur. Delayed
complications are rare but may be serious, including thromboembolic events and acute kidney injury,
and these and associated risk factors are also discussed. We emphasise the importance of safe IVIg
administration and highlight practical measures to minimise complications of this therapy.
New Insights into the Interaction of Free-Living Amoebae and Pandoravirus Inopinatum: Investigations of the Host Range and the Role of Multilamellar Bodies
Authors: Scheid Patrick L. 
Published: October 2018

Objective:
FLA are predatory heterotrophic microorganisms, feeding as trophozoites on bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi and algae while adhering to surfaces through phagocytosis. It is known that FLA produce and expel vesicles as part of the digestive process. Bacteria are packaged in multilamellar bodies and are released into the environment if not digested. In 2008, it was shown how easily the so-called Pandoraviruses can get in close contact with humans, while proliferating in Acanthamoeba.

Materials and Methods:

In our study, the search for these packages and multilamellar bodies in Acanthamoebae was conducted by electron microscopy with special emphasis on Pandoravirus inopinatum virions being involved in these processes. The multilamellar bodies were detected within the trophozoites of the amoeba host strain and as expelled vesicles within their environment. Neither digested, partially digested or viable Pandoravirus inopinatum virions nor developmental stages were found within these packages. A modified host range evaluation method was used to study the uptake and the proliferation of Pandoravirus inopinatum virions by Acanthamoeba trophozoites via light microscopy and to determine the host range.

Results:

In addition to the Acanthamoeba strain, which was found to harbor Pandoravirus inopinatum initially, we confirmed another 9 Acanthamoeba strains to be susceptible, among them members of genotypes T4 and T 11.

Conclusion:

The modified time series method, which we used, proved to be superior to the initial (more static) host range studies, in both axenic and xenic cultures.