bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ten‐year assessment of the 100 priority questions for global biodiversity conservation
Authors: Jucker Tommaso , Wintle Bonnie , Shackelford Gorm , Bocquillon Pierre , Geffert Jan Laurens , Kasoar Tim , Kovacs Eszter , Mumby Hannah S. , Orland Chloé , Schleicher Judith , Tew Eleanor R. , Zabala Aiora , Amano Tatsuya , Bell Alexandra , Bongalov Boris , Chambers Josephine M. , Corrigan Colleen , Durán América P. , Duvic‐Paoli Leslie‐Anne , Emilson Caroline , Emilson Erik J.S. , da Silva Jéssica Fonseca , Garnett Emma E. , Green Elizabeth J. , Guth Miriam K. , Hacket‐Pain Andrew , Hinsley Amy , Igea Javier , Kunz Martina , Luke Sarah H. , Lynam William , Martin Philip A. , Nunes Matheus H. , Ockendon Nancy , Pavitt Aly , Payne Charlotte L.R. , Plutshack Victoria , Rademacher Tim T. , Robertson Rebecca J. , Rose David C. , Serban Anca , Simmons Benno I. , Tayleur Catherine , Wordley Claire F.R. , Mukherjee Nibedita 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn 2008, a group of conservation scientists compiled a list of 100 priority questions for the conservation of the world's biodiversity. However, now almost a decade later, no one has yet published a study gauging how much progress has been made in addressing these 100 high‐priority questions in the peer‐reviewed literature. We took a first step toward reexamining the 100 questions to identify key knowledge gaps that remain. Through a combination of a questionnaire and a literature review, we evaluated each question on the basis of 2 criteria: relevance and effort. We defined highly relevant questions as those that – if answered – would have the greatest impact on global biodiversity conservation and quantified effort based on the number of review publications addressing a particular question, which we used as a proxy for research effort. Using this approach, we identified a set of questions that, despite being perceived as highly relevant, have been the focus of relatively few review publications over the past 10 years. These questions covered a broad range of topics but predominantly tackled 3 major themes: conservation and management of freshwater ecosystems, role of societal structures in shaping interactions between people and the environment, and impacts of conservation interventions. We believe these questions represent important knowledge gaps that have received insufficient attention and may need to be prioritized in future research.
Limited contributions of released animals from zoos to North American conservation translocations
Authors: Brichieri‐Colombi Typhenn A. , Lloyd Natasha A. , McPherson Jana M. , Moehrenschlager Axel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith the loss of biodiversity accelerating, conservation translocations such as reintroductions are becoming an increasingly common conservation tool. Conservation translocations must source individuals for release from either wild or captive‐bred populations. We asked what proportion of North American conservation translocations rely on captive breeding and to what extent zoos and aquaria (hereafter zoos) fulfill captive breeding needs. We searched for mention of captive breeding and zoo involvement in all 1863 articles included in the North American Conservation Translocations database, which comprises journal articles and grey literature published before 2014 on conservation translocations in Canada, the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America before 2014 as identified by a comprehensive literature review. Conservation translocations involved captive breeding for 162 (58%) of the 279 animal species translocated. Fifty‐four zoos contributed animals for release. The 40 species of animals bred for release by zoos represented only 14% of all animal species for which conservation translocations were published and only 25% of all animal species that were bred for releases occurring in North America. Zoo contributions varied by taxon, ranging from zoo‐bred animals released in 42% of amphibian conservation translocations to zero contributions for marine invertebrates. Proportional involvement of zoos in captive‐breeding programs for release has increased from 1974 to 2014 (r = 0.325, p = 0.0313) as has the proportion of translocation‐focused scientific papers coauthored by zoo professionals (from 0% in 1974 to 42% in 2013). Although zoos also contribute to conservation translocations through education, funding, and professional expertise, increasing the contribution of animals for release in responsible conservation translocation programs presents a future conservation need and opportunity. We especially encourage increased dialogue and planning between the zoo community, academic institutions, and governments to optimize the direct contribution zoos can make to wildlife conservation through conservation translocations.
Hand eczema and occupational contact allergies in healthcare workers with a focus on rubber additives
Authors: Hamnerius Nils , Svedman Cecilia , Bergendorff Ola , Björk Jonas , Bruze Magnus , Engfeldt Malin , Pontén Ann 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundHand eczema (HE) in healthcare workers (HCWs) is common. Besides wet work, healthcare work also implies exposure to contact allergens.ObjectivesTo assess HE and contact allergy related to occupational exposures in HCWs.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 311 HCWs with HE within the preceding 12 months and a control group of 114 HCWs without HE were investigated with the baseline series and a special patch test series based on substances found in the gloves, soaps, alcoholic hand disinfectants and hand creams provided at the hospitals.ResultsContact allergy to rubber additives was significantly more common in HCWs with HE (6%) than in HCWs without HE (1%, P = .02). The corresponding percentages for fragrances were 11% and 3%, respectively (P = .004). Occupational HE was found in 193 of 311 (62%) HCWs. Of these, 22 of 193 (11%) had occupational allergic contact dermatitis, including 17 with glove‐related rubber contact allergy. Contact allergy to diphenylguanidine was as common as contact allergy to thiurams. Occupational contact allergy to rubber additives was significantly associated with sick‐leave related to HE.ConclusionContact allergy to rubber additives in medical gloves is the most common cause of occupational allergic contact dermatitis in HCWs. Aimed patch testing with relevant rubber additives is mandatory when HE in HCWs is investigated.
Parthenolide in Danish biodynamic and organic milk: A new source of exposure to an allergenic sesquiterpene lactone
Authors: Paulsen Evy , El‐Houri Rime B. , Andersen Klaus E. , Christensen Lars P. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe sunflower family of plants (Compositae = Asteraceae) is currently the most allergenic plant family worldwide, according to the number of sensitizing species. Secondary plant metabolites, including the allergenic sesquiterpene lactones present in Compositae plants, may occur in food items either through their presence in, or through contamination of, plant‐based raw materials, or through their occurrence in products of non‐plant origin.ObjectiveTo analyse biodynamic, organic and conventional milk for the presence of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide.MethodsThe content of parthenolide in the milk samples was investigated in dichloromethane extracts obtained by liquid‐liquid extraction, followed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analyses.ResultsThe concentration of parthenolide was 0.07 ±0.004 ppm in biodynamic milk, 0.05 ±0.002 ppm in organic milk, and not detectable (<0.002 ppm) in conventional milk.ConclusionsThis is the first report of a potent contact allergen in milk. There seems to be an association between the time that the dairy cattle spend grazing and the amount of parthenolide detected. Although the concentration is low, it is estimated to be high enough to elicit dermatitis in the most sensitive persons by direct contact with the milk.
Age alone is not a contraindication to kidney donation: Outcomes of donor nephrectomy in the elderly
Authors: Serrano Oscar K. , Yadav Kunal , Bangdiwala Ananta , Vock David M. , Dunn Ty B. , Finger Erik B. , Pruett Timothy L. , Matas Arthur J. , Kandaswamy Raja 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWith increasing organ demand, living kidney donation from older donors (>60‐years‐old) has become more common. Between 1975 and 2014, 3752 donor nephrectomies (DN) were performed at University of Minnesota; 167 (4.5%) were >60‐years‐old Short‐ and long‐term outcomes were compared between contemporaneous >60‐years‐old and <60‐years‐old donors. On univariate analysis, >60‐years‐old were more likely to have had prior abdominal surgery and hypertension; and less likely to smoke. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was lower in >60‐years‐old (80 ± 16 vs 101 ± 26 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < .001). Intraoperative and postoperative complications were similar, except a higher prevalence of <30 day ileus (3% vs 7%; P = .021) and longer postoperative length of stay (LOS) (4.2 vs 4.6 days; P = .005). On multivariate analysis, <30 day ileus and LOS continued to be significantly greater for >60‐years‐old After >20 years post‐DN, systolic blood pressure was significantly higher among >60‐years‐old (142 vs 125 mm Hg; P < .001) and HTN was diagnosed earlier (9 vs 14 years). After donation, eGFR was significantly lower for >60‐years‐old but slope of eGFR and rates of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) were not significantly different >20 years post‐DN. Thus, kidney donation among carefully selected >60‐years‐old poses minimal perioperative risks and no added risk of long‐term ESRD.
Vocational integrity
Authors: Cummings Orin W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLuther's doctrine of vocation is about faithfully living the baptismal life. This article argues that for the Christian a theology of work—vocation—is not to be constricted to the spiritual sphere only. The Christian is called from the temporal sphere, but not out of it. As such, the Christian embraces the spiritual and temporal spheres in response to God's grace and for the good of the neighbor.
Self‐management of diabetes in hospital: a guideline from the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care group
Authors: Flanagan D. , Dhatariya K. , Kilvert A. ,   the Joint British Diabetes Societies (JBDS) for Inpatient Care group and Guidelines writing group
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe aims of these guidelines are to improve the inpatient experience and safety for people with diabetes through effective self‐management. The guidelines are aimed primarily at healthcare professionals working in hospitals, although some aspects are relevant to staff involved in pre‐admission preparation. The guidelines suggest an approach to providing patient information, the circumstances in which self‐management is appropriate, the development of care plans and the elements needed for effective self‐management. This document is an abridged and modified version of ‘Self‐management of diabetes in hospital’ adapted specifically for Diabetic Medicine. The full version can be found online at: www.diabetes.org.uk/joint-british-diabetes-society or https://abcd.care/joint-british-diabetes-societies-jbds-inpatient-care-group.
Dapagliflozin, a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor, slows the progression of renal complications through the suppression of renal inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in prediabetic rats
Authors: Jaikumkao Krit , Pongchaidecha Anchalee , Chueakula Nuttawud , Thongnak La‐ongdao , Wanchai Keerati , Chatsudthipong Varanuj , Chattipakorn Nipon , Lungkaphin Anusorn 
Published: June 2018

AimTo evaluate the renoprotective roles of dapagliflozin in prediabetic rats in order to elucidate the effects of this sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on the renal complications associated with metabolic dysfunction in diet‐induced obesity.MethodsObesity was induced by feeding a high‐fat diet (HFD) to male Wistar rats for 16 weeks. HFD‐fed rats were treated with dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/d) or metformin (30 mg/kg/d) by oral gavage for 4 weeks after insulin resistance had been established. The metabolic characteristics and renal function associated with lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in the renal tissue were examined.ResultsThe results showed that HFD‐fed rats developed both obesity and impaired renal function, along with increased renal triglyceride accumulation. Importantly, dapagliflozin had greater efficacy in improving renal function and reducing both body weight and visceral fat accumulation than metformin treatment. Dapagliflozin and metformin were found to have similar effects regarding the suppression of renal triglycerides, superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, subsequently leading to a decrease in renal inflammation and fibrosis. Renal ER stress and apoptosis were increased in HFD‐fed rats and were effectively reduced after administration of dapagliflozin. The expression of renal SGLT2 was not affected by administration of dapagliflozin or metformin.ConclusionCollectively, these findings indicate that dapagliflozin exerts renoprotective effects by alleviating obesity‐induced renal inflammation, fibrosis, ER stress, apoptosis and lipid accumulation in the prediabetic condition.
Ultra‐rapid BioChaperone Lispro improves postprandial blood glucose excursions vs insulin lispro in a 14‐day crossover treatment study in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Andersen Grit , Meiffren Grégory , Lamers Daniela , DeVries J. Hans , Ranson Aymeric , Seroussi Cyril , Alluis Bertrand , Gaudier Martin , Soula Olivier , Heise Tim 
Published: June 2018

AimTo investigate the safety and efficacy of BioChaperone Lispo (BCLIS), an ultra‐rapid formulation of insulin lispro (LIS) in people with type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind study, participants self‐administered individualized bolus doses of BCLIS or LIS during two 14‐day periods in a crossover fashion. Postprandial blood glucose (BG) was assessed after individualized solid mixed meal tests (MMTs) (50% carbohydrate, 29% fat, 21% protein), with additional randomization for the sequence of timing of insulin administration, immediately (t0), 15 minutes before (t − 15) and 15 minutes after (t + 15) meal start on days 1, 2 and 3, and with t0 administration on day 14. Pharmacokinetic (PK) variables were assessed for t0 MMTs. Participants also used individualized BCLIS or LIS doses immediately before meals during two 10‐day outpatient periods with an unchanged basal insulin regimen.ResultsOverall, 35 participants completed both treatment periods. In MMTs with t0 administration, the higher early postprandial PK exposure of BCLIS led to significant reductions in 1‐ to 2‐hour postprandial BG excursions by 30% to 40% vs LIS and the accelerated absorption and action of BCLIS persisted over 14 days. There was no difference in glucose excursion over the full 360‐minute postprandial period. Postprandial BG control was similar between BCLIS injected at t + 15 and LIS injected at t0. BCLIS was shown to have safety and tolerability similar to LIS. No injection site reactions occurred with BCLIS.ConclusionsBCLIS was well tolerated and safe over 14 days of treatment and significantly improved postprandial BG vs LIS when administered at mealtime.
WILLIAM HUSKISSON AND THE RHETORIC OF FREE TRADE
Authors: Rowe Christopher 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe British economy was wedded to protectionism at the turn of the nineteenth century, and the disruptive impact of the Napoleonic Wars served to bolster the case for duties on foreign imports. Notwithstanding this unpropitious climate, major strides were taken in the march towards freer trade in the 1820s. This article underlines William Huskisson's significance in this transition, ascribing particular importance to the manner in which he presented his economic reforms and, relatedly, his intellectual legacy in the decades after his death.
Influence of lung function and sleep‐disordered breathing on stroke: a community‐based study
Authors: Zhang J. , Gong Z. , Li R. , Gao Y. , Li Y. , Li J. , Yan B. , Wang G. 
Published: June 2018

Background and purposeImpaired lung function is regarded as a risk factor for stroke in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the association between reduced lung function and incident stroke in a community‐based population with sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) remains unknown.MethodsA prospective study was performed within the Sleep Heart Health Study cohort. Full montage home sleep testing and spirometry data on 2082 and 2072 individuals with and without SDB, respectively, were analysed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between lung function and incident stroke.ResultsOver 11.7 years, 183 cases of stroke were identified in participants without pre‐existing cardiovascular diseases, including 71 and 112 with an apnoea–hypopnoea index <5 events/h and ≥5 events/h, respectively. In the entire population, lung function was inversely associated with incident stroke [hazard ratio (HR) 0.913 (95% confidence interval 0.839–0.994) for every 10% increase in percentage of predicted forced vital capacity]. When the population was divided according to the presence/absence of SDB, the association of lung function with incident stroke became stronger in individuals with SDB [HR 0.899 (0.822–0.984) for every 10% increase in percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s; HR 0.881 (0.787–0.987) for every 10% increase in percentage of predicted forced vital capacity] but not in individuals without SDB.ConclusionsLung function may serve as a risk factor for incident stroke in a community‐based population, especially in those with SDB. Spirometry may help improve the risk management for primary care in community‐based populations.
Mental versus physical fatigue after subarachnoid hemorrhage: differential associations with outcome
Authors: Buunk A. M. , Groen R. J. M. , Wijbenga R. A. , Ziengs A. L. , Metzemaekers J. D. M. , van Dijk J. M. C. , Spikman J. M. 
Published: June 2018

Background and purposeFatigue is a major consequence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), but the specific characteristics are unclear. Our objective was to investigate the nature of post‐SAH fatigue (mental or physical) and to determine the relationship with functional outcome in the chronic stage. Also, the possible influence of mood disorders and acute SAH‐related factors [SAH type and external cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage] on the presence of fatigue was investigated.MethodsPatients with an aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) or angiographically negative SAH (anSAH) were assessed 3–10 years post‐SAH (N = 221). Questionnaires were used to investigate mental and physical fatigue and mood. Functional outcome was examined with the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended. Between‐group comparisons and binary logistic regression analysis were performed.ResultsFrequencies of mental and physical fatigue were 48.4% and 38.5%, respectively, with prevalence of mental fatigue being significantly higher. A two‐way anova with SAH type and external CSF drainage as independent variables and mental fatigue as dependent variable showed a significant main effect of CSF drainage only (P < 0.001). Only mental fatigue explained a significant part of the variance in long‐term functional outcome (model χ2 = 52.99, P < 0.001; Nagelkerke R² = 0.32).ConclusionsMental fatigue after SAH is a serious burden to the patient and is associated with impaired long‐term functional outcome. Distinguishing different aspects of fatigue is relevant as mental post‐SAH fatigue might be a target for treatment aimed to improve long‐term outcome.
Short‐term external counterpulsation augments cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation in chronic cerebrovascular occlusive disease
Authors: Buschmann E. E. , Hillmeister P. , Bondke Persson A. , Liebeskind D. S. , Schlich L. , Kamenzky R. , Busjahn A. , Buschmann I. R. , Bramlage P. , Hetzel A. , Reinhard M. 
Published: June 2018

Background and purposeExternal counterpulsation improves cerebral perfusion velocity in acute stroke and may stimulate collateral artery growth. However, whether (non‐acute) at‐risk patients with high‐grade carotid artery disease may benefit from counterpulsation needs to be validated.MethodsTwenty‐eight patients (71 ± 6.5 years, five women) with asymptomatic unilateral chronic severe internal carotid artery stenosis (>70%) or occlusion were randomized to receive 20 min active counterpulsation followed by sham treatment or vice versa. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) (measured bilaterally by transcranial middle cerebral artery Doppler), tissue oxygenation index (TOI) (measured over the bilateral prefrontal cortex by near‐infrared spectroscopy) and cerebral hemodynamic parameters, such as relative pulse slope index (RPSI), were monitored.ResultsIpsilateral mean CBFV (ΔVmean +3.5 ± 1.2 cm/s) and tissue oxygenation (ΔTOI +2.86 ± 0.8) increased significantly during active counterpulsation compared to baseline, whilst the sham had little effect (ΔVmean +1.13 ± 1.1 cm/s; ΔTOI +1.25 ± 0.65). On contralateral sides, neither counterpulsation nor sham control had any effect on either parameter. During counterpulsation, early dynamic changes in ΔRPSI of the ipsilateral CBFV signal predicted improved tissue oxygenation during counterpulsation (odds ratio 1.179, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.51), whilst baseline cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia failed to show an association.ConclusionsIn patients with high‐grade carotid disease, ipsilateral cerebral oxygenation and blood flow velocity are increased by counterpulsation. This is a necessary condition for the stimulation of regenerative collateral artery growth and thus a therapeutic concept for the prevention of cerebral ischaemia. This study provides a rationale for further clinical investigations on the long‐term effects of counterpulsation on cerebral hemodynamics and collateral growth.
Limited flexibility in female Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus) exploratory behaviors in response to perceived social environment
Authors: Heinen‐Kay Justa L. , Strub Daina B. , Zuk Marlene 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHow populations adapt, or not, to rapid evolution of sexual signals has important implications for population viability, but is difficult to assess due to the paucity of examples of sexual signals evolving in real time. In Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus), selection from a deadly parasitoid fly has driven the rapid loss of a male acoustic signal, calling song, that females use to locate and evaluate potential mates. In this newly quiet environment where many males are obligately silent, how do phonotactic females find mates? Previous work has shown that the acoustic rearing environment (presence or absence of male calling song) during late juvenile stages and early adulthood exposes adaptive flexibility in locomotor behaviors of males, as well as mating behaviors in both sexes that helps facilitate the spread of silent (flatwing) males. Here, we tested whether females also show acoustically induced plasticity in walking behaviors using laboratory‐reared populations of T. oceanicus from Kauai (HI; >90% flatwings), Oahu (HI; ~50% flatwings), and Mangaia (Cook Islands; no flatwings or parasitoid fly). Though we predicted that females reared without song exposure would increase walking behaviors to facilitate mate localization when song is rare, we discovered that, unlike males, female T. oceanicus showed relatively little plasticity in exploratory behaviors in response to an acoustic rearing environment. Across all three populations, exposure to male calling song during development did not affect latency to begin walking, distance walked, or general activity of female crickets. However, females reared in the absence of song walked slower and showed a marginally non‐significant tendency to walk for longer durations of time in a novel environment than those reared in the presence of song. Overall, plasticity in female walking behaviors appears unlikely to have facilitated sexual signal loss in this species.