bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Action of Potent Boron-Containing Antifungals
Authors: Arvanitis Costa , Rook Trevor , Macreadie Ian 
Published: March 2019

Background:Boron is unusual to organic chemists, yet boron interacts greatly with organic biochemicals and has considerable bioactivity, especially as an antifungal and insecticide. The bestknown bioactive boron compounds are boric acid, its salt borax, and the closely related boronic acids. A newcomer is tavaborole (trade name Kerydin), recently developed and approved in 2014 for topical treatment of onychomycosis, a fungal infection of nails and the nail bed. It is timely to review the literature and explore the way in which these compounds may work.Methods:The focus of this review is to examine peer-reviewed literature relating to boric acid, boronic acid and tavaborole, the most bioactive boron-containing compounds, and the evidence for their proposed mechanism of antifungal action. In parallel with the literature, we have examined the fungistatic effects of boric acid on yeast.Results:All three compounds are reported to inhibit protein synthesis but their mechanism of action may differ. Chemistry studies indicate an interaction of boric acid with ribose and ribose-containing moieties such as NAD. In this review, we discuss the activity of boric acid and use both tavaborole and the boronic acids to exemplify the similar underlying mechanisms used. As there is a push to develop new antimicrobials, we demonstrate that boric acid’s fungistatic effect is alleviated with ribose, NAD and tryptophan.Conclusion:We speculate that boric acid inhibits yeast growth by disrupting tryptophan synthesis as well as downstream NAD, a rate limiting co-enzyme, essential for cellular function.
Proteome Analysis Revealed Jak/Stat Signaling and Cytoskeleton Rearrangement Proteins in Human Lung Epithelial Cells During Interaction with Aspergillus terreus
Authors: Thakur R. , Shankar J. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Aspergillus terreus is an emerging etiological agent of invasive and
allergic aspergillosis in immunocompromised individuals. The main risk groups are individuals
having cancer, acute leukemia and those who undergo bone marrow transplantation. The human
lung epithelial cells constitute the first line of defense against inhaled conidia of A. terreus. The
aim of the study was to understand how human lung epithelial cells respond to A. terreus conidia
during the interaction and to decipher proteins/pathways underlying in host defense.

Methods:
Protein samples were extracted from human lung epithelial cells (A549) infected with
and without A. terreus conidia. Proteins were identified using QTOF-LC-MS/MS followed by
analysis using Protein Lynx Global Services software (2.2.5) against Homo sapiens UniProt
database.

Results:
A total of 1253 proteins in human lung epithelial cells were identified during the
interaction with Aspergillus terreus conidia, whereas 427 proteins were identified in uninfected
lung epithelial cells. We have observed 63 proteins in both the conditions. Gene ontology and
KEEG pathway analysis of proteins from infected lung epithelial cells showed proteins from
cytoskeleton rearrangement, transport, transcription and signal transduction pathways, such as
Jak/Stat, NOD like receptor signaling, Toll–like receptor signaling, NF-kβ signaling and TNF
signaling pathways. These signaling proteins suggested the strong immune response in lung
epithelial cells against A. terreus conidia. Also, cytoskeleton rearrangement proteins depicted the
internalization of A. terreus conidia by human lung epithelial cells.

Conclusion:
Our study has contributed to understand the interaction response of human lung
epithelial cells during A. terreus infection. Also, our study may facilitate the identification of
inflammatory biomarker against A. terreus.
Analysis of Functional and Cognitive Impairment in Institutionalized Individuals with Movement Disorders
Authors: Cebrián Paula D. , Cauli Omar 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Many neurological disorders lead to institutionalization and can be accompanied
in their advanced stages by functional impairment, and progressive loss of mobility, and cognitive
alterations.

Objective:
We analyzed the relationship between functional impairment and cognitive performance
and its related subdomains in individuals with Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease accompanied
by motor dysfunction, and with other neurological disorders characterized by both motor and cognitive
problems.

Methods:
All participants lived in nursing homes (Valencia, Spain) and underwent cognitive evaluation
with the Mini-Mental State Examination; functional assessment of independence in activities of
daily living using the Barthel score and Katz index; and assessment of mobility with the elderly mobility
scale.

Results:
The mean age of the subjects was 82.8 ± 0.6 years, 47% of the sample included individuals
with Parkinson’s disease, and 48 % of the sample presented severe cognitive impairment. Direct significant
relationships were found between the level of cognitive impairment and functional capacity (p
< 0.01) and mobility (p < 0.05). Among the different domains, memory impairment was not associated
with altered activities of daily living or mobility. The functional impairment and the risk of severe
cognitive impairment were significantly (p<0.05) higher in female compared to male patients. Among
comorbidities, overweight/obesity and diabetes were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with poor cognitive
performance in those individuals with mild/moderate cognitive impairment.

Conclusion:
In institutionalized individuals with movement disorders there is an association between
functional and cognitive impairment. Reduction of over-weight and proper control of diabetes may
represent novel targets for improving cognitive function at such early stages.
Focus on the Correlations between Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fiore Vincenzo , De Rosa Antonia , Falasca Paolo , Marci Massimo , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Licchelli Brunella , Giagulli Vito Angelo , De Pergola Giovanni , Poggi Antonella , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: March 2019

Background:
In the last decades, both diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease are constantly
increasing. Affected individuals, therefore, represent an enormous problem for the society, governments
and global organizations. These diseases are usually considered as independent conditions,
but increasing evidence shows that there are links between these two disorders.

Methods:
In this review, we analyzed common features present in Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes
mellitus, showing how these two diseases are strictly correlated to each other.

Results:
Some pathogenetic factors are shared by Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease: chronic
inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, adiponectin deficiency, different expression
of plasma cholinesterase activity and vascular damage could represent a possible explanation for the
coexistence of these two conditions in many patients.

Conclusion:
A better understanding of this issue and an appropriate management of diabetes by means of
physical activity, low fat diet, and drugs to achieve a good glycemic control, avoiding both hyperglycemia
and hypoglycemia, can represent a way to prevent cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease.
Experimental Investigation of Skirt Footing Subjected to Lateral Loading
Authors: Jawad Faris Waleed , Al-Ameri Abbas Fadhil Ibrahim , Yasun Azhar Sadiq 
Published: March 2019

Background:The skirt foundation is one of the powerful types of foundations to resist the lateral loads produced from natural forces, such as earthquakes and wind action, or from the type of structures, such as oil platforms and offshore wind turbines.Objective and Methodology:This research experimentally investigated the response of skirted footing resting on sandy soil of different states to lateral applications of loads on a small-scale physical model manufactured for this purpose. The parameters studied are the distance between the footing and the skirt and its depth.Results and Conclusion:The results show that the presence of the skirt behind the footing loads to an increase in bearing load and a reduction in the lateral movement whereas the skirt near or adjacent to the footing edge causes maximum increases in bearing load and reduction in lateral movement, for skirted footing. The ratio between the wall distance and the width of the footing has no effect when it is greater than one. On the other hand, the state of the soil influences the bearing load and lateral movement with different ratio of wall distance and wall depth to the width of the footing, especially when the wall distance to the footing width is less than one and the state of the soil has no effect on the bearing load and lateral movement when the ratio is more than one.
Seismic Behaviour of 17th Century Khusro Tomb due to Site-Specific Ground Motion
Authors: Prasad Arjun , Pallav Kumar , Singh Deepak K. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:Site Specific time history analysis is performed on a 17thcentury old Khusro Tomb built-in 1622 A.D. by Sultan Nisar Begum. It is a beautiful example of Mughal architecture.Methods:A 3-D finite element model is prepared on Ansys Workbench. Gravity analysis results show the behaviour of Tomb due to its geometry and stress variation is plotted in a form of contour. Modal analysis results show the first three frequencies of Khusro Tombviz., 21.62, 21.68 and 25.38 Hz. In the absence of earthquake record, the stochastic finite fault model is used to generate synthetic site-specific time history to assess the seismic behaviour of the tomb.Results and Conclusion:Time history analysis results shows that the Khusro Tomb's geometrical configuration is adequate to withstand the earthquake due to nearest Allahabad fault. The critical elements of the Tomb are highlighted based on analysis that can be effectively used for the maintenance of the Tomb.
Parents’ Perceptions of Breathing Pattern Changes, Sleep Quality, and Fatigue in Children after Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Survey and Case Series Study
Authors: Helal Narmin , Basri Osama , Gadi Lubabah Samir , Alhameed Amira Fahad , Grady John Marshal 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) aims to re-establish balance between the widths of the jaws. It is mainly utilized to treat skeletal and dental manifestations associated with transverse maxillary constriction and to improve facial structures involving the nasal cavity.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate parents’ perceptions of breathing pattern changes after their child had undergone RME and the associated effects on sleep quality and fatigue. We also evaluated nasal cavity changes in three dimensions in six randomly selected patients.

Methods:
Ninety-one children aged 5-13 years with transverse maxillary deficiency and no major systemic diseases or syndromes were recruited. Their parents completed a 16-item questionnaire pre-treatment and 6 months post-treatment. The questionnaire included items pertaining to changes in (1) sleep apnea and breathing patterns, (2) sleep quality and fatigue, and (3) behavior. The cone beam computed tomography scans from six randomly chosen patients were also subjected to stereolithographic reconstruction of the midface pre-RME and post-RME.

Results:
Responses in the three domains exhibited good reliability. Significant improvements were observed in 59% of the items post vs. pre-RME. The overall rates of dry mouth in the morning, snoring half of the time, and heavy breathing decreased by ≥30%. The percentage change in headache in the morning, snoring loudly, and snoring half of the time was >80%. In addition, in the series of six cases, the mean difference in nasal cavity area post-RME was 4.1 mm2.

Conclusion:
Post-RME, parents perceived that their children exhibited improved behavior and were less fatigued during the day. Enhanced sleep quality and breathing patterns were also observed, but to a lesser extent.
A New Ready-To-Bake Seafood Meal Based on Pacific White Shrimp: Product Development, Cost Evaluation, Consumer Acceptability, and Shelf Life Stability
Authors: Lopes de Araújo Sinthya Meire , Gonçalves Alex Augusto 
Published: March 2019

Background:Considering that consumers are increasingly demanding and attentive to a healthy diet, while also looking for food that is easy to prepare, the objective of this work was to develop a new value-added product with Pacific white shrimp.Methods:Fresh shrimps were headless, eviscerated, cut, washed, immersed in brine (10% NaCl + 5% sodium tripolyphosphate – STPP, 30 min), drained, weighed, immersed in sweet-sour sauce (15 min), drained, stuffed with cream cheese, weighed, vacuum packed, frozen (-30°C / 24h), and stored (-18ºC). Microbiological, centesimal composition and physico-chemical analyzes were performed for fresh and stuffed shrimp. Confirmed the microbiological safety, samples were baked (180ºC, 20 min) and sensorially evaluated. The shelf life study for the frozen stuffed shrimp was carried out during 180 days of storage (-18ºC) and at each 45 days, samples were withdrawn for microbiological and physico-chemical analyzes.Results:All parameters analyzed were within the limits of Brazilian legislation, which demonstrated the initial shrimp freshness, and hygienic health care. The overall acceptance test was 8.72, the acceptability index of 96% and purchase intention of 82%. The final cost per piece was lower and viable. The nutritional value was in accordance to the literature for this shrimp, and the physico-chemical results during the shelf life evaluation were stable.Conclusion:The vacuum packaging, and freezing storage, associated with hygienic-sanitary care promoted the stability of microbiological assessment, and physical-chemical properties, and the overall quality and safety product for the consumer, which can be a new alternative for the shrimp industry.
Control of Early Blight of Tomato Caused by Alternaria Solani and Screening of Tomato Varieties against the Pathogen
Authors: Roy Chapol K. , Akter Nafiza , Sarkar Mohammad K.I. , Pk Moyen Uddin , Begum Nadira , Zenat Elina A. , Jahan Miskat A.A. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction:Early blight is a common disease of tomato, which is caused byAlternaria solani.Objectives:This work was accompanied to find an alternative to chemical fungicides and to screen tomato varieties againstAlternaria solani.Methods:The infected leaves were collected from five tomato fields of Shere-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and were cultured for the identification of the infectious fungus and The phytobiocidal role of six plants againstAlternaria solaniwas evaluatedin vitromodel.Results & Discussion:Alternaria solaniwas identified as the infectious fungus. The growth of the test fungiTrichodermaspp.viz.,Trichoderma viride,T. harzianumcollected form NAMDEC andTrichodermasp collected from field of BCSIR was monitored as optimum PH. All the selectedTrichodermaspp. were antagonistic toA. solani.Antagonistic capacity of theTrichodermaspp. was tested by dual culture, volatile as well as non-volatile method. It was observed,T. viridewas most effective in the reduction process ofA. solaniandT. harzianum.T.viridealso showed highest inhibition in volatile and non-volatile trials. Six plant extractsviz.,Adhatoda vasica(Nees),Azadirachta indica(A Juss).Ocimujm sanctum(L),Allium sativum(L),Datura metal(Linn) andZingiber officinale(Rose) were selected to evaluate theirin vitroefficacy of 5%, 10% and 20% concentration against theA. solani.Allium sativumwas the most effective one againstA. solani, followed byAzadirachta indica. The efficacy of five fungicidesviz., Bavistin 50WP, Mancozeb 80WP, Indofil M-45, Sulcox 50WP and Tall 25EC were evaluated for their fungitoxicity against theA. solaniat 100, 200,100, 600 and 800 ppm. Tall 25EC was the most effective fungicide againstAlternaria solanifollowed by Mancozeb 80WP. After screening the five tomato varieties againstA. solani, it was revealed that BARI Tomato-9 had the highest Percentage of Disease Index (PDI) and the leaf of BARI Tomato-7 had the lowest Percentage of Disease Index (PDI).Conclusion:The extract ofAllium sativumwas effective to controlAlternaria solaniat prescribed concentration. The highest PDI was found in BARI tomato-9 againstAlternaria solani.
Association of Polymorphisms in the DNA Repair Genes XRCC1 and XRCC3 with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Da Silva Cristhiane A. Leite , Galera Marcial F. , Festi Regiane R. , Espinosa Mariano M. , Fernandes Vander , Blaskievicz Paula H. , Dias Eliane P. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Evidence suggests that DNA damage is implicated in the development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

Objective:
Investigate the possible association of polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XRCC1 and XRCC3 with SLE and its clinical and laboratory features.

Methods:
This is a case-control study comparing the polymorphisms in the DNA repair genes XRCC1 and XRCC3 in SLE patients and control individuals. Genotyping for DNA repair genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 76 patients and 82 healthy control individuals.

Results:
Our data indicated that the genotype frequencies in patients with the XRCC1 Arg399Gln and XRCC3 Thr241Met polymorphisms were similar to those observed in the control group (p > 0.05). However, the frequencies of the 399Gln allele (p = 0.023, OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36–0.93) and 241Met allele (p = 0.0039, OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.36–0.98) were significantly lower in the patients than those in the control subjects.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated that 399Gln and 241Met alleles may play a protective role in SLE susceptibility.
Neuromuscular Functional Assessment in Low Back Pain by Surface Electromyography (SEMG)
Authors: Coppeta Luca , Gentili Sandro , Mugnaini Stefano , Balbi Ottavia , Massimiani Stefano , Armieri Gianluca , Pietroiusti Antonio , Magrini Andrea 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Low back pain is a major occupational health issue and a leading cause of disability globally. Significant differences in Surface Electromyography (SEMG) have been reported between persons with Low Back Pain (LBP) and normal, healthy controls. Many studies reveal that when the trunk is in full flexion there is an electrical silence in back muscles referred to as “flexion-relaxation phenomenon.” It is often absent in individuals reporting LBP and particularly chronic LBP. There are several SEMG measures that describe this phenomenon.

Objective:
To evaluate muscle activity in acute and chronic LBP and the usefulness of quick and reliable procedures to demonstrate abnormal electromyographic activity of the spine erector muscles.

Methods:
We evaluated 40 subjects aged 25-65 years. For each participant, a clinical history regarding the presence of chronic or acute LBP was collected. Each subject was evaluated with SEMG measures of spine erector muscles during standing and prone position (for acute LBP), and flex-extension movement (for chronic LBP subjects). Superficial potential was recorded and compared between groups.

Results:
In all three procedures, differences were identified in the surface electromyographic activity between the healthy controls and the one affected by LBP.

Conclusion:
The study of normal and pathologic electromyographic patterns could be a valid means to support in an objective way the presence/absence of acute and chronic LBP.
Software Reliability Prediction of Open Source Software Using Soft Computing Technique
Authors: G.L. Saini , Panwar Deepak , Singh Vijander 
Published: March 2019

Background:
In software development, reliability performs a significant role. It is the nonfunctional
requirement of the software. Before using the Open Source Software (OSS) for software
development, it is essential to check the quality of the open source software. It is challenging to identify
that which OSS is suitable for development of software. Conventional software reliability prediction
models are suitable for the Commercial Off The Shelf (COTS) software but it is not sufficient to
predict the software reliability of open source software as it has some extra features such as source
code is freely available and it is modifiable also.

Methods:
Most of the researchers have given the mathematical model based on crisp set theory to estimate
the reliability of software. Proposed methodology does not rely upon a scientific/mathematical
model. In this approach, fuzzy logic based soft computing approach has been used to analyze the reliability
of OSS. The goal of this paper is to propose a fuzzy logic soft computing technique based
model using three reliability metrics for estimating the security of open source software.

Results:
The software reliability model is tested on few software applications, and the outcomes affirm
the productivity of the model.

Conclusion:
In order to assess open source software reliability a fuzzy logic based soft computing
technique has been proposed.
Dynamic Performance Improvement of Grid Interfaced Solar Photovoltaic System using Feed-forward Compensation
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Gupta Nitin , Gupta Vikas 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) power generating system at the distribution end is
emerged as the best solutions to meet the peak power demand during the day time. However, the
highly intermittent nature of solar PV system demands a robust control, which is capable of serving
a constant load demand even during solar intermittency.

Objective:
This paper presents a three-phase single-stage grid interfaced solar PV system, which
includes PV array, perturb and observe based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and Synchronous
Reference Frame (SRF) based inverter control.

Method:
The proposed three-phase voltage source inverter is controlled to match the DC bus voltage
drained from the MPPT controller with sensed DC-link voltage amplitude in order to extract
maximum power. The sudden change in irradiance and temperature causes oscillations in the DClink
voltage amplitude, which further influences the dynamics of the system. Therefore, Feed-
Forward Compensation (FFC) based control method is proposed to overcome the aforementioned
limitations.

Result:
The current FFC method improves the speed of reference current estimation and the response
of injected currents into the grid. As a consequence, rise time and settling time of the DClink
voltage are reduced considerably. The stability of the voltage control loop is also increased by
employing FFC based control method.

Conclusion:
The FFC-SRF based control presented in this paper offers several features including
active power injection at the Unity Power Factor (UPF), power quality conditioning and reactive
power compensation for local loads. Extensive MATLAB simulation results are presented for different
conditions to validate the robustness of the controller under changing environmental conditions.
Impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the veteran population: 10-year risk outcomes
Authors: Brinton Daniel L , Simpson Annie N , Fominaya Cory E , LaRue Amanda C 
Published: March 2019

Aim:
To evaluate the comparative risk of hip fracture or osteoporosis among US Veterans based on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) exposure.
Patients & methods:
A retrospective cohort study of eligible US Veterans Health Administration patients enrolled in 2003–2004 was performed to examine SSRIs’ 2-, 5- and 10-year impact on bone health using multiple logistic regression.
Results:
Veterans on SSRIs were found to be 56.7% more likely over a 10-year period to suffer a hip fracture (risk ratio: 1.567; 95% CI: 1.464–1.676) and 34.6% more likely to develop osteoporosis (risk ratio: 1.346; 95% CI: 1.319–1.374) when compared with those who were SSRI naive.
Conclusion:
SSRI usage was associated with greater risk of hip fracture and osteoporosis over a 10-year period in the veteran population, with similar effect sizes to smaller studies.