bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive Transfusion: The Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT) Score
Authors: Joseph Bellal , Khan Muhammad , Truitt Michael , Jehan Faisal , Kulvatunyou Narong , Azim Asad , Jain Arpana , Zeeshan Muhammad , Tang Andrew , O’Keeffe Terence 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundMassive transfusion (MT) is a lifesaving treatment for trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock, assessed by Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) Score based on mechanism of injury, systolic blood pressure (SBP), tachycardia, and FAST exam. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of ABC score by replacing hypotension and tachycardia; with Shock Index (SI) > 1.0 and including pelvic fractures.MethodsWe performed a 2‐year (2014–2015) analysis of all high‐level trauma activations and excluded patients dead on arrival. The ABC score was calculated using the 4‐point score [blunt (0)/penetrating trauma (1), HR ≥ 120 (1), SBP ≤ 90 mmHg (1), and FAST positive (1)]. The Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT) score also included 4 points, calculated by replacing HR and SBP with SI > 1.0 and including pelvic fracture. AUROC compared performances of the two scores.ResultsA total of 380 patients were included. The overall MT was 27%. Patients receiving MT had higher median ABC scores [1.1 (0–2) vs. 1 (0–2), p = 0.15] and RABT scores [2 (1–3) vs. 1 (0–2), p < 0.001]. The RABT score had better discriminative power (AUROC = 0.828) compared to ABC score (AUROC = 0.617) for predicting the need for MT. Cutoff of RABT score ≥ 2 had a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 77% for predicting need for MT compared to ABC score with 39% sensitivity and 72% specificity.ConclusionReplacement of hypotension and tachycardia with a SI > 1.0 and inclusion of pelvic fracture enhanced discrimination of ABC score for predicting the need for MT. The current ABC score would benefit from revision to more appropriately identify patients requiring MT.
Effect of Reassuring Information About Musculoskeletal and Mental Health Complaints at the Workplace: A Cluster Randomized Trial of the atWork Intervention
Authors: Johnsen Tone Langjordet , Eriksen Hege Randi , Baste Valborg , Indahl Aage , Odeen Magnus , Tveito Torill Helene 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible difference between the Modified atWork intervention (MAW) and the Original atWork intervention (OAW) on sick leave and other health related outcomes. atWork is a group intervention using the workplace as an arena for distribution of evidence-based knowledge about musculoskeletal and mental health complaints. Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial with 93 kindergartens, comprising a total of 1011 employees, was conducted. Kindergartens were stratified by county and size and randomly allocated to MAW (45 clusters, 324 respondents) or OAW (48 clusters, 313 respondents). The randomization and intervention allocation processes were concealed. There was no blinding to group allocation. Primary outcome was register data on sick leave at cluster level. Secondary outcomes were health complaints, job satisfaction, social support, coping, and beliefs about musculoskeletal and mental health complaints, measured at the individual level. Results The MAW group reduced sick leave by 5.7% during the intervention year, while the OAW group had a 7.5% increase. Overall, the changes were not statistically significant, and no difference was detected between groups, based on 45 and 47 kindergartens. Compared to the OAW group, the MAW group had a smaller reduction for two of the statements concerning faulty beliefs about back pain, but believed less in the hereditary nature of depression. Conclusions The MAW did not have a different effect on sick leave at cluster level compared to the OAW. Trial registrationhttps://Clinicaltrials.gov/: NCT02396797. Registered March 23th, 2015.
Targeted therapies and adverse drug reactions in oncology: the role of clinical pharmacist in pharmacovigilance
Authors: Fornasier G. , Taborelli M. , Francescon S. , Polesel J. , Aliberti M. , De Paoli P. , Baldo P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground The majority of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in the summary of product characteristics (SPCs) are based on pivotal clinical trials, performed under controlled conditions and with selected patients. Objectives (1) to observe ADRs in the real-world setting and to evaluate if the supervision of the pharmacist impacts on the management of ADRs and on the satisfaction of patients; (2) to sensitise health professionals and patients on the need to increase the reporting of ADRs, in compliance with Pharmacovigilance. Setting CRO Aviano, Italian National Cancer Institute. Method From February 2013 to April 2015, we conducted an observational study enrolling 154 patients (≥ 18 years) undergoing treatment with at least one of ten targeted-therapies included in the study. Main outcome ADR reporting in the real-world setting. Patient satisfaction with clinical pharmacist support. Results Reported ADRs in the real setting do not always correspond with data described in the respective SPCs. Unknown ADRs were also identified such as hyperglycaemia with lenalidomide and sorafenib; and hypomagnesaemia with bevacizumab. We also observed a 124.3% increase in spontaneous reports. Conclusion This study shows the high value of active pharmacovigilance programs, and our results might be a starting point for developing a randomised trial which should aim to demonstrate the impact of the pharmacist on improving patient’s adherence and in measuring the difference in ADRs reports in the different arms followed or not by the pharmacist.
Beyond the Border and Into the Heartland: Spatial Patterning of U.S. Immigration Detention
Authors: Moinester Margot 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe expansion of U.S. immigration enforcement from the borders into the interior of the country and the fivefold increase in immigration detentions and deportations since 1995 raise important questions about how the enforcement of immigration law is spatially patterned across American communities. Focusing on the practice of immigration detention, the present study analyzes the records of all 717,160 noncitizens detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in 2008 and 2009—a period when interior enforcement was at its peak—to estimate states’ detention rates and examine geographic variation in detention outcomes, net of individual characteristics. Findings reveal substantial state heterogeneity in immigration detention rates, which range from approximately 350 detentions per 100,000 noncitizens in Connecticut to more than 6,700 detentions per 100,000 noncitizens in Wyoming. After detainment, individuals’ detention outcomes are geographically stratified, especially for detainees eligible for pretrial release. These disparities indicate the important role that geography plays in shaping individuals’ chances of experiencing immigration detention and deportation.
Osso meniscal diagnosticado através de ressonância magnética: Relato de caso
Authors: Lino Henrique Augusto , de Faria Bianca Lisa , Cundari Ana Maria Magalhães Valle 
Published: May 2018

ResumoO osso meniscal é uma condição rara, ocasionalmente sintomática. Apesar de sua baixa incidência, é importante seu reconhecimento, uma vez que pode mimetizar outras lesões. A ressonância magnética (RM) é um método sensível e específico para seu diagnóstico. A evolução é de curso benigno e favorável ao tratamento conservador, não necessita de procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos, como artroscopia, na grande maioria dos casos. No presente trabalho, foi demonstrado como o diagnóstico correto pode ser feito por RM.
Influência da artroplastia total de quadril sobre o equilíbrio sagital lombopélvico: Avaliação dos parâmetros radiográficos
Authors: Miranda Saulo Fouani de , Corotti Vitor Gustavo de Paiva , Menegaz Phelipe , Ueda Welington , Vialle Emiliano Neves , Vialle Luiz Roberto 
Published: May 2018

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar prospectivamente as variáveis radiográficas do equilíbrio sagital da coluna lombossacral no pré e pós-operatório dos pacientes submetidos a artroplastia total de quadril (ATQ).
Métodos Estudo prospectivo, observacional e comparativo que avaliou parâmetros radiográficos pré e pós-operatórios imediatos de 71 pacientes submetidos a 72 ATQs em três anos (2014–2017) por coxartrose primária, dos quais 28 fizeram controle pós-operatório tardio (6 meses), através do programa Surgimap Spine (Surgimap, Nova York, NY, EUA). A análise estatística foi feita com o teste t de Student, o modelo de análise de covariância (ANCOVA, na sigla em inglês) e o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os dados foram analisados com o programa IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Versão 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, EUA). Valores de p < 0,05 indicaram significância estatística.
Resultados Os 72 casos avaliados apresentaram uma idade média de 57,9 anos, com predominância do sexo feminino (60,6%) e de pacientes > 50 anos (71,8%). Houve uma diminuição global nos valores da lordose lombar no pós-operatório imediato, sem grandes alterações globais na evolução tardia. Aferiu-se que pacientes com uma incidência pélvica ≥ 60° tendem a ter os demais parâmetros do equilíbrio sagital elevados.
Conclusão Não houve diferença significativa entre as variáveis radiográficas do equilíbrio sagital lombopélvico nos períodos avaliados. A lordose lombar e a incidência pélvica foram os principais fatores modificantes. A melhoria da lombalgia pós-ATQ sem alterações desses parâmetros sugere diferentes mecanismos da patologia ainda a serem esclarecidos.
Análise da morbimortalidade dos pacientes com fraturas peritrocantéricas tratadas cirurgicamente com haste intramedular de fêmur proximal
Authors: Quintas Sidney , Charlab Jacques , Ramos Max , Mansur Henrique 
Published: May 2018

Resumo
Objetivo Analisar a morbimortalidade dos pacientes com fraturas peritrocantéricas tratadas com haste intramedular e sua relação com o tempo de internação, com o tempo para fazer o procedimento cirúrgico, e com as comorbidades dos pacientes.
Métodos Foi feito um estudo observacional, analítico e retrospectivo por meio da avaliação dos prontuários de 74 pacientes submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico de fraturas peritrocantéricas com haste intramedular de fêmur proximal de 2011 a 2014 em uma unidade hospitalar.
Resultados A idade média no momento da ocorrência da fratura foi de 79,7 anos, e o tempo de internação total médio foi de 16,7 dias, com média de 11,3 dias até a cirurgia e 5,4 dias da cirurgia à alta. A incidência de complicações na internação no grupo com idade ≥ 78,5 anos foi de 47,6%, enquanto no grupo mais novo ela foi de 19,4% (p = 0,013). A incidência de complicações na internação no grupo que fez a cirurgia após 6 dias foi significativamente maior (42,9%; p = 0,019). Observou-se também que a incidência de complicação na internação está significativamente associada ao risco cirúrgico de grau ≥ 3 (p = 0,001) e à diabetes mellitus (p = 0,001).
Conclusão As complicações relacionadas às fraturas peritrocantéricas estão significativamente associadas ao risco cirúrgico elevado (graus 3 e 4), diabetes mellitus, idade (> 78,5 anos) e tempo de internação pré-operatório prolongado (> 6 dias).
Analysis of Emergency Health Care Workforce and Service Readiness for a Mass Casualty Event in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Veenema Tener Goodwin , Boland Fiona , Patton Declan , O’Connor Tom , Moore Zena , Schneider-Firestone Sarah 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveUltimately, a country’s capacity for a large-scale major emergency response will be directly related to the competence of its health care provider (HCP) workforce and communication between emergency responders and hospitals. The purpose of this study was to assess HCP preparedness and service readiness for a major emergency involving mass casualties (mass casualty event or MCE) in Ireland.MethodsA cross-sectional study using a 53-item survey was administered to a purposive sample of emergency responders and HCPs in the Republic of Ireland. Data collection was achieved using the Qualtrics® Research Suite. Descriptive statistics and appropriate tests of comparison between professional disciplines were conducted using Stata 13.ResultsA total of 385 respondents, registered nurses (43.4%), paramedics (37.9%), medical doctors (10.1%), and administrators/managers (8.6%), participated in the study. In general, a level of knowledge of MCEs and knowledge of clinical response activities and self-assessed clinical competence varied drastically across many aspects of the survey. Knowledge and confidence also varied across professional disciplines (P&lt;0.05) with nurses, in general, reporting the least knowledge and/or confidence.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that serious deficits exist in HCP knowledge, skills, and self-perceived abilities to participate in a large-scale MCE. Results also suggest a poor knowledge base of existing major emergency response plans. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:243–255)
Polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry attenuates cognitive decline and improves neuronal function in aged mice
Authors: Bensalem Julien , Dudonné Stéphanie , Gaudout David , Servant Laure , Calon Frédéric , Desjardins Yves , Layé Sophie , Lafenetre Pauline , Pallet Véronique 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAgeing is characterised by memory deficits, associated with brain plasticity impairment. Polyphenols from berries, such as flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, and resveratrol, have been suggested to modulate synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes. In the present study we assessed the preventive effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry (PEGB), with high concentrations of flavonoids, on age-related cognitive decline in mice. Adult and aged (6 weeks and 16 months) mice were fed a PEGB-enriched diet for 14 weeks. Learning and memory were assessed using the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tasks. Brain polyphenol content was evaluated with ultra-high-performance LC-MS/MS. Hippocampal neurotrophin expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the effect of PEGB on adult hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed by immunochemistry, counting the number of cells expressing doublecortin and the proportion of cells with dendritic prolongations. The combination of grape and blueberry polyphenols prevented age-induced learning and memory deficits. Moreover, it increased hippocampal nerve growth factor (Ngf) mRNA expression. Aged supplemented mice displayed a greater proportion of newly generated neurons with prolongations than control age-matched mice. Some of the polyphenols included in the extract were detected in the brain in the native form or as metabolites. Aged supplemented mice also displayed a better survival rate. These data suggest that PEGB may prevent age-induced cognitive decline. Possible mechanisms of action include a modulation of brain plasticity. Post-treatment detection of phenolic compounds in the brain suggests that polyphenols may act directly at the central level, while they can make an impact on mouse survival through a potential systemic effect.
Influence of recent warming and ice dynamics on glacier surface elevations in the Canadian High Arctic, 1995–2014
Authors: MORTIMER COLLEEN A. , SHARP MARTIN , VAN WYCHEN WESLEY 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTRepeat airborne laser altimetry measurements show widespread thinning (surface lowering) of glaciers in Canada's Queen Elizabeth Islands since 1995. Thinning rates averaged for 50 m elevation bins, were more than three times higher during the period 2005/06 to 2012/14 pentad than during the previous two pentads. Strongly negative thickness change (dh/dt) anomalies from 2005/06 to 2012/14, relative to the 1995–2012/14 mean, suggest that most of the measured thinning occurred during the most recent 5–6 year period when mean summer land surface temperatures (LSTs) were anomalously high and the mean summer black-sky shortwave broadband albedos (BSA) were anomalously low, relative to the 2000/01–15/16 period, and upper-air (700 hPa) and near surface (2 m) air temperatures were between 0.8°C and 1.5°C higher than 1995–2012 mean. Comparisons of dh/dt with mean summer LST and BSA measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and with surface longitudinal strain rates computed from surface velocity fields derived from RADARSAT 1/2 and Landat-7 ETM + data suggest that surface elevation changes were driven mainly by changes in climate. An exception to this occurs along many fast-flowing outlet glaciers where ice dynamics appear also to have played an important role in surface elevation changes.
Climate on the equilibrium line altitudes of glaciers: theoretical background behind Ahlmann'sP/Tdiagram
Authors: OHMURA ATSUMU , BOETTCHER MAXI 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe climatic condition that prevails at a glacier equilibrium line altitude (ELA) is often parameterized in terms of summer air temperature (T) and annual precipitation (P). This simple parameterization was initially proposed by Hans W:son Ahlmann. The physical background of the relationship betweenPandTon the equilibrium line, however, has been left unexplained since Ahlmann first questioned the mathematical form of the relationship. This relationship can be explained when the thermal and hydrological processes of the ELA formation are investigated. The present authors studied the energy exchange processes that prevail on the ELA during the melt season. The inclusion of solar radiation brings Ahlmann's hypothesis closer to energy balance, and improves hisP/Tdiagram. By comparing the observed fluxes from the polar through the mid-latitude to the equatorial glaciers, it was found that these glaciers in different climatic regions share important similarities at the ELA. Further, it was found that the classicP/Tcurve originally proposed by Ahlmann in the early 20th century is a concise expression of the conservation principle of energy and mass at the ELA of glaciers, and takes the form of a polynomial of the fourth order.
Do Corrupt Politicians Mobilize or Demobilize Voters? A Vignette Experiment in Colombia
Authors: Carreras Miguel , Vera Sofia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe literature studying the behavioral effects of political corruption is rapidly growing. While some studies explore the contextual and institutional factors that can neutralize the effects of corruption, this article addresses a different mechanism for weak electoral accountability for corruption: citizen (de)mobilization. It uses a vignette experiment embedded in a nationally representative AmericasBarometer survey in Colombia to isolate the causal effect of political corruption on electoral participation. The results suggest that receiving credible information about the corrupt behavior of politicians running for office decreases the likelihood of participation in elections. It also shows that corruption demobilizes voters even when corrupt politicians are able to provide public works to their constituencies, which casts doubt on the idea that citizens exchange integrity for favorable policy outcomes.
Variable Hardy Spaces Associated with Operators Satisfying Davies–Gaffney Estimates
Authors: Yang Dachun , Zhang Junqiang , Zhuo Ciqiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLetLbe a one-to-one operator of type ω inL2(ℝn), with ω∈[0, π/2), which has a bounded holomorphic functional calculus and satisfies the Davies–Gaffney estimates. Letp(·): ℝn→(0, 1] be a variable exponent function satisfying the globally log-Hölder continuous condition. In this article, the authors introduce the variable Hardy space$H_L^{p(\cdot )} ({\open R}^n)$associated withL. By means of variable tent spaces, the authors establish the molecular characterization of$H_L^{p(\cdot )} ({\open R}^n)$. Then the authors show that the dual space of$H_L^{p(\cdot )} ({\open R}^n)$is the bounded mean oscillation (BMO)-type space${\rm BM}{\rm O}_{p(\cdot ),{\kern 1pt} L^ * }({\open R}^n)$, whereL* denotes the adjoint operator ofL. In particular, whenLis the second-order divergence form elliptic operator with complex bounded measurable coefficients, the authors obtain the non-tangential maximal function characterization of$H_L^{p(\cdot )} ({\open R}^n)$and show that the fractional integralL−αfor α∈(0, (1/2)] is bounded from$H_L^{p(\cdot )} ({\open R}^n)$to$H_L^{q(\cdot )} ({\open R}^n)$with (1/p(·))−(1/q(·))=2α/n, and the Riesz transform ∇L−1/2is bounded from$H_L^{p(\cdot )} ({\open R}^n)$to the variable Hardy spaceHp(·)(ℝn).
Model Completeness for the Real Field with the Weierstrass ℘ Function
Authors: Bianconi Ricardo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe prove model completeness for the expansion of the real field by the Weierstrass ℘ function as a function of the variable z and the parameter (or period) τ. We need to existentially define the partial derivatives of the ℘ function with respect to the variable z and the parameter τ. To obtain this result, it is necessary to include in the structure function symbols for the unrestricted exponential function and restricted sine function, the Weierstrass ζ function and the quasi-modular form E2 (we conjecture that these functions are not existentially definable from the functions ℘ alone or even if we use the exponential and restricted sine functions). We prove some auxiliary model-completeness results with the same functions composed with appropriate change of variables. In the conclusion, we make some remarks about the non-effectiveness of our proof and the difficulties to be overcome to obtain an effective model-completeness result, and how to extend these results to appropriate expansion of the real field by automorphic forms.
Efficacy of beehive fences as barriers to African elephants: a case study in Tanzania
Authors: Scheijen Ciska P.J. , Richards Shane A. , Smit Josephine , Jones Trevor , Nowak Katarzyna 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNon-lethal mitigation of crop use by elephants Loxodonta africana is an increasingly important part of protected area management across Africa and Asia. Recently, beehive fences have been suggested as a potential mitigation strategy. We tested the effectiveness of this method in a farming community adjacent to Udzungwa Mountains National Park in southern Tanzania. Over a 5.5-year period (2010–2016) a beehive fence was introduced and subsequently extended along the Park boundary. The probability that one or more farms experienced crop loss from elephants on a given day was reduced in the presence of the fence and was reduced further as the fence was extended. The number of hives occupied by bees along the fence was the best predictor of elephants’ visits to farms. Farms closest to the fence experienced a greater likelihood of damage, particularly during the initial period when the fence was shorter. The number of farms affected by elephants declined when the fence was extended. There was a higher probability of damage on farms that were closer to the Park boundary and further from a road. Our mixed results suggest that the shape, length and location of fences need to be carefully planned because changes in a farm's long-term susceptibility to elephant damage vary between individual farms; fences need to be long enough to be effective and ensure that decreasing crop loss frequency is not outweighed by an increasing number of farms damaged per visit.