bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacto da força muscular de membro inferior na capacidade funcional de idosas com osteoporose praticantes de hidroginástica
Authors: Vicentini de Oliveira Daniel , Lopes Pereira Miranda de araújo Vanessa , Capra de Oliveira Dayane , Dias Antunes Mateus , Andrade do Nascimento Júnior José Roberto 
Published: March 2019

O envelhecimento populacional é considerado atualmente um fenômeno mundial acompanhado por um declínio fisiológico das funções. A capacidade funcional é essencial para os idosos realizarem as atividades de vida diária e a hidroginástica apresenta inúmeros benefícios para melhora da qualidade de vida dos idosos praticantes. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, observacional e transversal com idosas praticantes de hidroginástica. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados a Escala de Katz e de Lawton e o teste de Levantar e Sentar da cadeira. Os dados foram analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. A maioria das idosas eram casadas (68,6%) e 38,6% tinham idade entre 60 e 70 anos. Verificou-se que 14,2% das idosas apresentaram bom nível de força muscular e 71,4% eram independentes nas atividades básicas de vida diária(ABVDs) e 68,6% eram dependentes nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVDs). Houve correlação significativa (p < 0,05) e positiva da força muscular com as ABVDs (r = 0,45) e AIVDs (r = 0,35). A força muscular apresentou impacto significativo (p<0,05) na variabilidade das AB VDs (17%) e AIVDs (11%). Conclui-se quea força muscular de membro inferior auxilia positivamente na capacidade funcional de idosas com osteoporose praticantes de hidroginástica.
A prática da oralidade em sala de aula: a perspectiva dos professores de língua portuguesa da rede básica de ensino
Authors: Silva Érica Danielle , Ferragini Neluana Leuz de Oliveira , Vieira Greyce Nathany Lopes 
Published: March 2019

O presente trabalho tem como recorte temático o domínio discursivo da prática da oralidade. Dentre as práticas previstas para o ensino de língua portuguesa nas DCE (2008) é comum que os professores de língua portuguesa considerem a oralidade como mais informal e mais passível de erros do que a prática da escrita. Neste trabalho, fundamentado em Dolz e Schneuwly (2011) e Marcuschi (1997; 2010), a proposta é refletir sobre a importância da oralidade, enquanto prática discursiva, e, sobretudo, sobre seu ensino nas aulas de língua portuguesa. A concepção e o modo como a prática da oralidade é considerada em sala de aula foram analisados por meio de questionários aplicados a professores de Língua Portuguesa da rede básica de ensino. Este corpus de análise mostrou que o ensino-aprendizagem da oralidade enquanto prática discursiva é tardio e pouco realizado. Os professores demonstraram uma concepção superficial de oralidade e um trabalho que não privilegia a prática de produção oral, já que os gêneros escritos são indicados como os mais trabalhados em sala de aula.
Terminologia em contexto normativo relacionada com a entrada de estudantes na Universidade: uma pesquisa sobre a UNILA e a UNE
Authors: Pascua Vílchez Fidel , Mattos Schmidt Isabel , Kaiser da Silva Elisane Andressa 
Published: March 2019

no presente artigo, é analisado, desde uma perspectiva terminológica, o léxico do marco normativo universitário (MNU) da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA) e da Universidad Nacional del Este (UNE), relacionado com a entrada de estudantes nessas instituições. Com base em Wüster, Gouadec, Cabré e Krieger & Finatto, a problemática é analisada desde dois pontos de vista: nacional- monolíngue e binacional-bilíngue. Foram estabelecidos dois corpora de documentos: um em português, composto por documentos do MNU da UNILA e outro em espanhol, por documentos da UNE; foram extraídos os termos e organizadas as fichas terminológicas; depois, foram estabelecidas as relações de equivalência entre conceitos de diferentes MNUs, para sua adequação da língua de partida à língua meta. Foram elaborados uma base de dados terminológica e um glossário bilíngue, destinados a auxiliar na recepção e produção de textos especializados relacionados com âmbito universitário a discentes, docentes, Técnicos Administrativos em Educação (TAEs), tradutores profissionais e intérpretes. É concluído que: a) os estudantes, quando chegam às instituições, possuem um conhecimento prévio da terminologia acadêmica que não resulta suficiente para entender com precisão os documentos do MNU; b) ambas universidades priviliegiam as línguas hegemônicas em seus MNUs, chamando a atenção o caso do Paraguai, país oficialmente bilíngue espanhol-guarani, pois o MNU da UNE está apenas escrito em espanhol; c) existe uma grande quantidade de siglas nos documentos do MNU que nem sempre vêm acompanhadas de seu significado explícito, dificultando a compreensão do leitor.
Produção de conhecimento sobre hidrelétricas na área de ciências humanas no Brasil
Authors: Castro Edna Ramos de 
Published: March 2019

Este artigo discute a produção do conhecimento sobre hidrelétricas, no Brasil, na área das Ciências Sociais, visando explicitar como a pesquisa tratou esse tema e as situações associados à emergência de conflitos sociais e de ambientais em contexto de licenciamento e construção de grandes obras hidrelétricas. Esses processos têm sido marcados por interesses que levam a diferentes constrangimentos, confrontos e violência. A política energética do Brasil ao definir as diretrizes para construção de hidrelétricas, atende a novas demandas de expansão de setores econômicos entre eles o mineral e o agronegócio que têm ocupado papel determinante no processo de reprimarização da economia nacional ao fortalecer o modelo de crescimento neoextrativista com base na exportação de commodities. Atualmente, as políticas governamentais de infra-estrutura são centrais nas diretr
Ensino de Ciências para todos: uma experiência com um estudante com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Santana Ronaldo Santos , Sofiato Cássia Geciauskas 
Published: March 2019

Atualmente, os pesquisadores no âmbito da educação em ciências têm explorado campos de investigações que, durante muito tempo, foram negligenciados em função da ausência de pesquisas. Exemplos disso são os estudos, ainda escassos, envolvendo o ensino de ciências para estudantes com deficiência intelectual. Por isso, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados da implementação de uma prática que envolve a utilização de diferentes estratégias pedagógicas, implementadas por um professor de ciências dos anos finais do ensino fundamental para ensinar um estudante com deficiência intelectual. O referencial teórico que embasou a elaboração das estratégias utilizadas foi o pluralismo metodológico no ensino de ciências e o ensino por investigação. Para atingir os objetivos, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa com base nos instrumentos de avaliação do professor de ciências e em documentos relativos ao estudante, arquivados na escola. Os dados foram tratados por meio da análise textual discursiva. A análise dos dados evidenciou que é possível e necessário o uso de diferentes estratégias para ensinar ciências a estudantes com deficiência intelectual, como a utilização de recursos didáticos lúdicos, multissensoriais, envolvendo diferentes linguagens e atividades investigativas. Foram destacados também alguns desafios, a saber: o pouco tempo remunerado disponível para o planejamento das atividades pedagógicas e a grande quantidade de alunos em sala de aula. As discussões apresentadas podem auxiliar professores e pesquisadores no âmbito do ensino de ciências a compreender como ensinar a todos.
Genetic polymorphisms on heat-shock protein 70 gene and mitochondrial DNA d-loop variations: implications on selection for heat stress in indigenous chickens in Kenya
Authors: Kennedy Grace M , Panyako Philip M , Oyier Philip A , Ndiema Emmanuel K , Lichoti Jacqueline K , Ommeh Sheila C 
Published: March 2019

Background: Climate change resulting in heat stress, is one of the most challenging environmental conditions affecting poultry. Studying thermotolerance is crucial in the prevention of heat stress in chickens because it may lead to the identification of genetic lines that can withstand adverse effects of heat stress. This study aimed at investigating polymorphisms in heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene in indigenous chicken ecotypes. We also analyzed the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop of indigenous chickens to assess their origins and genetic diversity.
Methods: We collected samples From Turkana basin, Mt. Elgon catchment, Lake Victoria basin and Lamu chicken ecotypes in Kenya. Genomic DNA was extracted from 280 chicken samples. The first 360 bp region of HSP70 and the first 760 bp region of the mtDNA were then amplified via PCR. These were later sequenced using Sanger ABI 3730 method.
Results: We reveal through a detailed analysis of the HSP70 gene fragment in 20 indigenous chickens the presence of three HSP70 haplotypes (GC, AC, and AG) and 28 mtDNA haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis of HSP70 revealed the presence of the ancestral haplotype GC which dominated in Turkana basin ecotype. The 28 mtDNA haplotypes clustered in haplogroups A, B, C, D, E and I. Haplogroup E which has never been reported in commercial chickens dominated in Turkana basin ecotype indicating no admixture with commercial chickens. mtDNA haplogroups were shown to have originated from various parts of South and Southeast Asia. Lack of population structure in indigenous chicken ecotypes could be an indication of genetic admixture. The mtDNA nucleotide and haplotype diversity indices were low for Turkana basin ecotype and high for Lamu ecotype. High HSP70 nucleotide diversity indices were recorded in Turkana basin ecotype, while low values were recorded in Lamu ecotype. Most of the mtDNA genetic variations occurred within individuals for the three hierarchical categories considered while most variations in HSP70 gene occurred within populations.
Conclusions: This is the first study to analyze the HSP70 polymorphisms in indigenous chickens in Africa and results obtained should pave the way for further in-depth studies on heat stress.
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in Trace Gas Monitoring
Authors: Harren Frans J.M. , Cristescu Simona M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGas‐phase spectroscopy is nowadays very common in a wide variety of fields next to chemistry and physics, ranging from atmospheric chemistry to biology, medical sciences, and safety. Spectroscopic gas sensors have proven to be indispensable tools for these areas. There are various ways of utilizing gas sensors, and each application puts different demands. Some applications require a very high sensitivity for one specific gas compound, while others benefit more from a sensor that has the ability to measure a wide range of gases or benefit from a miniaturized footprint. A high time resolution is also desirable, as well as selectivity, robustness, and little or no need for sample preparation and maintenance; photoacoustic spectroscopy and their sensors meet a large number of these demands. This article discusses photoacoustic spectroscopy as sensitive, real‐time, and noninvasive tool for trace gas monitoring. After an introduction and historic overview, attention is focused onto the description of devices and equipment; they determine the detection limits and selectivity. Applications are discussed with emphasis on atmospheric applications, safety, and biological/agricultural applications followed by human health examples. Finally, a comparison is made with other spectroscopy methods.
Analysis of Plant Saponins
Authors: Krzyżanowska‐Kowalczyk Justyna , Kowalczyk Mariusz , Oleszek Wiesław 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Saponins are naturally occurring metabolites found in many families of plants and also in some marine invertebrates. Their isolation and determination are frequently very challenging, mainly because of the complexity of a sample matrix, the vast diversity of possible structures, and similarity in chemical properties among the saponins. This article focuses on various techniques related to extraction, isolation, chromatographic separation, and spectrometric quantification of saponins. Necessary background and references in the area of saponin analysis are provided by ample examples of both traditional as well as contemporary methods for their study. Advantages and limitations of these techniques are also discussed.
N
akamurella
Authors: Chen Wen‐Feng , Tao Tian‐Shen 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Na.ka.mu.rel'la. M.L. dimin. ending
‐ella
; N.L. fem. n.
Nakamurella
to honor the Japanese microbiologist Professor Kazunori Nakamura.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Nakamurellales / Nakamurellaceae / Nakamurella

Currently, seven species including
Nakamurella multipartita
,
Nakamurella flavida
(formerly
Humicoccus flavidus
),
Nakamurella lactea
(formerly
Saxeibacter lacteus
),
Nakamurella panacisegetis
,
Nakamurella endophytica
,
Nakamurella silvenstris
, and
Nakamurella intestinalis
were described or reclassified in the genus
Nakamurella
. The genus belongs to the family
Nakamurellaceae
, order
Frankiales
, class
Actinobacteria
. All the bacteria belonging to genus
Nakamurella
are non‐spore‐forming, spherical‐ or irregular‐short–rod‐shaped, nonmotile, and Gram‐positive actinobacteria. Cells occur singly or in some cases in clusters. They have been isolated from activated sludge, soil, rock, insect feces, and plant bark. A cell‐wall structure occurs in the middle of each cell at the early exponential growth phase, and a number of septa are present at the late exponential phase. Strictly aerobic chemoorganotroph. The growth rate is low, and visible colonies appear on agar media after 3–10 days of incubation. Catalase‐positive. Oxidase‐negative. The cell‐wall peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid (
meso
‐DAP). The major menaquinone is MK‐8(H
4
). Common major fatty acid is anteiso‐C
15
:0
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64.6–74.3.

Type species
:
Nakamurella multipartita
(Yoshimi, Hiraishi and Nakamura 1996) Tao, Yue, Chen and Chen 2004, 999
VP
(
Microsphaera multipartita
Yoshimi, Hiraishi and Nakamura 1996, 524).
E
pibacterium
Authors: Wirth Joseph S. , Whitman William B. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

E.pi.bac.te'ri.um
. Gr. pref.
epi
‐ on; N.L. neut. n.
bacterium
a small rod or staff; N.L. neut. n.
Epibacterium
rod on a surface.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Epibacterium

Gram‐negative‐staining, aerobic, catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive rods. Reproduces by normal cell division. Optimal growth typically occurs between 24 and 37°C, 1–3.5% (w/v) NaCl, and pH 7–8. Capable of utilizing a large variety of organic carbon sources. Every species can utilize
d
‐cellobiose,
d
‐fructose,
d
‐galactose, acetate, pyruvate, succinate, and
l
‐tyrosine as sole carbon and energy sources. Every species tested can utilize butyrate, fumarate,
dl
‐3‐hydroxybutyrate, lactate, 2‐oxoglutarate, propionate, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol,
l
‐alanine,
l
‐arginine,
l
‐asparagine,
l
‐aspartate,
l
‐cysteine,
l
‐glutamine,
l
‐leucine,
l
‐methionine,
l
‐ornithine,
l
‐proline,
d
‐serine,
l
‐serine, and
l
‐threonine as sole carbon and energy sources, but not gluconate,
d
‐glucosamine, lactose, salicin, benzoate, phenylacetate,
l
‐lysine,
l
‐tryptophan, or
l
‐valine. The major fatty acid is C
18
:1
ω7
c
or summed feature 8 (C
18
:1
ω7
c
and/or C
18
:1
ω6
c
). The major quinone is ubiquinone 10. Some species are globally distributed in marine environments. Species have been isolated from marine biofilms, the surface of marine algae, and seawater. Members of the family
Rhodobacteraceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.6–61.4.

Type species
:
Epibacterium ulvae
Penesyan, Breider, Schumann, Tindall, Egan and Brinkhoff 2013, 1594
VP
.
N
atranaerobius
Authors: Mesbah Noha M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Natr.an.ae.ro'bi.us. N.L. n.
natron
derived from the Arabic
natrun
soda (sodium carbonate); Gr. pref.
an
not; Gr. masc. or fem. n.
aer
air; Gr. masc. n.
bios
life; N.L. masc. n.
Natranaerobius
a soda‐requiring anaerobe.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Natranaerobiales / Natranaerobiaceae / Natranaerobius

The genus
Natranaerobius
currently consists of two species,
Natranaerobius thermophilus
(the type species) and
Natranaerobius trueperi
. Members of the genus are straight or slightly curved rods, nonmotile, and obligately anaerobic. They are chemoorganotrophic and ferment carbohydrates to acetate and formate. They are extremely halophilic, obligately alkaliphilic, and thermophilic. The cell wall is Gram‐type‐positive but lacks significant amounts of
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid and murein. Endospores are not observed. The
Natranaerobius
are found in the anaerobic sediments of hypersaline soda lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 40–41 (HPLC), 33–36.4% (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Natranaerobius thermophilus
Mesbah, Hedrick, Peacock, Rohde and Wiegel 2007b, 2511
VP
.
How to Maximize the Potential of Zn–Air Battery: Toward Acceptable Rechargeable Technology with or without Electricity
Authors: Park Joohyuk , Lee Jang‐Soo , Cho Jaephil 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOwing to its high potential, Zn–air battery with a century old technology has been drawing attention recently. However, it is still under research and development stage so that its maximum application has been significantly limited to small portable devices such as just hearing aids. In this article, we briefly introduce possible degradation mechanism of each zinc anode and air cathode and then discuss efforts to address these issues. Furthermore, for making Zn–air battery technology more commercialized, we also discuss the efforts that should be more emphasized and the strategy that can be possible and an alternative for future Zn–air battery technology.
Solid‐State Electrolyte
Authors: Luo Wei , Yu Chuang , Hu Liangbing 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (SSLIBs) are attracting attention owing to the benefits of their nonflammable nature, wide operable‐temperature range, potential high energy density, and simple packaging, which may significantly improve the safety of LIBs and boost the development of electric vehicles. As the most important component in SSLIBs, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), and especially inorganic SSEs, are critical for delivering on the promise of this technology. In this article, we present a survey of inorganic SSEs, ranging from lithium oxysalts, perovskites and antiperovskites, NASICON‐type Li ion conductors, garnet‐type lithium oxides, lithium sulfide glasses, lithium sulfide glass‐ceramics, crystalline lithium sulfide, thin‐film‐type LiPON, Li
3
N, and others.
TEMStudies on Electrode Materials for Secondary Ion Batteries
Authors: Hwang Sooyeon , Su Dong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn spite of current success of lithium ion batteries, significant enhancement in energy‐density, cycle life, and safety should be achieved for next‐generation batteries. Understanding of structure–performance relation in anode and cathode materials is critical for improving battery performances. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a unique tool for exploring morphology, phase and chemical structures, and structural defects of materials at the scales from micrometers to sub‐angstroms. In this article, we discuss the research progress of using advanced electron microscopy approaches on battery materials. Representative TEM works on cathode and anode materials are introduced. Furthermore, in situ TEM techniques, which may provide the real‐time information to understand the kinetics and reaction mechanism during the structural evolutions, are emphasized.
Synchrotron‐Based Soft
X
‐Ray Spectroscopy for Battery Material Studies
Authors: Yang Wanli 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The pressing demand of electric energy storage systems for sustainable energy applications, especially electric vehicles and power grid, has triggered active explorations and innovations on materials for electrochemical energy storage, that is, batteries. Such a “battery rush” in researches and developments stems from the formidable challenge on improving the energy density, stability, and low cost of batteries. Other than conventional trial‐and‐error approaches, the optimism in modern R&D efforts relies on incisive characterizations that could reveal the critical chemical and physical reactions in batteries and could hopefully provide guidelines for material optimizations. For such a reason, synchrotron‐based X‐ray spectroscopy and diffraction techniques become more and more popular in the battery material researches. However, as many other complex experimental techniques, synchrotron techniques are rooted in fundamental physics and many observations cannot be taken for granted with a naïve model. Correctly understanding and interpreting data from synchrotron techniques are particularly important for making good use of these power tools for battery studies. In addition, X‐ray techniques themselves are multi‐domain probes with very different mechanism and target very different aspects in material studies on structural, physical, and chemical properties. In this article, we will summarize the state‐of‐the‐art developments and demonstrations of core‐level soft X‐ray spectroscopy (SXS), including soft X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and resonant inelastic scattering for revealing the critical chemical reactions in battery electrodes and interfaces. We provide in‐depth explanations on how to understand the fundamentals of these tools and showcase some recent demonstrations on their applications for studying battery materials. We will first explain the soft X‐ray spectroscopic process through simplified atomic models. The discussions on soft X‐ray absorption is separated into two parts on low‐Z elements, such as C and O, and on 3d transition metals. These two systems typically display very different spectral lineshape with different theoretical interpretations. We then discuss that going beyond the limitations of conventional X‐ray absorption spectroscopy for novel material sciences becomes more and more critical. For batteries, examples on both oxygen and transition metals are presented to demonstrate the superior chemical sensitivity of resonant inelastic scattering compared with conventional absorption spectroscopy. In summary, the combination of modern synchrotron‐based SXS has served the community as one of the most powerful and direct probes to reveal the chemistry in battery electrodes, and at the battery interfaces.
Chemistry of Soft Matter Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Popovic Jelena 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Development of soft matter electrolytes has been crucial for high‐performance lithium batteries and more recently has been of significant importance in Li–S, Li–O
2
, and multivalent battery cells. This article chapter deals with electrochemical properties of salt‐in‐solvent, ionic liquid, and polymer‐based electrolytes for all aforementioned battery technologies.
Solid Electrolyte Interphase in Lithium‐Based Batteries
Authors: Shi Feifei , Ross Philip N. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article covered several topics related to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in lithium‐based batteries. The reactivity of fresh lithium to typical air and electrolyte components is firstly discussed. The catalysis effect on SEI formation is explored, focusing on the surface dependence of reduction potential and selectivity of reduction product. Mechanical effect on SEI formation is introduced, including the chemical–mechanical coupling during the cycling and the SEI composition change with electrode fracture. Ionic conductivity, solubility, and mechanical properties of SEI are summarized and discussed. In addition, critical technical challenges during the surface characterization of SEI are elaborated, such as ex situ sample preparation, beam damage, and sputtering effect. With the main objective to explore and resolve challenges in the SEI field, this article is concluded with future prospects.