bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TOR Signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans Development, Metabolism, and Aging
Authors: Blackwell T Keith , Sewell Aileen K , Wu Ziyun , Han Min 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Target of Rapamycin (TOR or mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, development, and behaviors by modulating protein synthesis, autophagy, and multiple other cellular processes in response to changes in nutrients and other cues. Over recent years, TOR has been studied intensively in mammalian cell culture and genetic systems because of its importance in growth, metabolism, cancer, and aging. Through its advantages for unbiased, and high-throughput, genetic and in vivo studies, Caenorhabditis elegans has made major contributions to our understanding of TOR biology. Genetic analyses in the worm have revealed unexpected aspects of TOR functions and regulation, and have the potential to further expand our understanding of how growth and metabolic regulation influence development. In the aging field, C. elegans has played a leading role in revealing the promise of TOR inhibition as a strategy for extending life span, and identifying mechanisms that function upstream and downstream of TOR to influence aging. Here, we review the state of the TOR field in C. elegans, and focus on what we have learned about its functions in development, metabolism, and aging. We discuss knowledge gaps, including the potential pitfalls in translating findings back and forth across organisms, but also describe how TOR is important for C. elegans biology, and how C. elegans work has developed paradigms of great importance for the broader TOR field.
Retrospective Association Analysis of Longitudinal Binary Traits Identifies Important Loci and Pathways in Cocaine Use
Authors: Wu Weimiao , Wang Zhong , Xu Ke , Zhang Xinyu , Amei Amei , Gelernter Joel , Zhao Hongyu , Justice Amy C , Wang Zuoheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLongitudinal phenotypes have been increasingly available in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and electronic health record-based studies for identification of genetic variants that influence complex traits over time. For longitudinal binary data, there remain significant challenges in gene mapping, including misspecification of the model for phenotype distribution due to ascertainment. Here, we propose L-BRAT (Longitudinal Binary-trait Retrospective Association Test), a retrospective, generalized estimating equation-based method for genetic association analysis of longitudinal binary outcomes. We also develop RGMMAT, a retrospective, generalized linear mixed model-based association test. Both tests are retrospective score approaches in which genotypes are treated as random conditional on phenotype and covariates. They allow both static and time-varying covariates to be included in the analysis. Through simulations, we illustrated that retrospective association tests are robust to ascertainment and other types of phenotype model misspecification, and gain power over previous association methods. We applied L-BRAT and RGMMAT to a genome-wide association analysis of repeated measures of cocaine use in a longitudinal cohort. Pathway analysis implicated association with opioid signaling and axonal guidance signaling pathways. Lastly, we replicated important pathways in an independent cocaine dependence case-control GWAS. Our results illustrate that L-BRAT is able to detect important loci and pathways in a genome scan and to provide insights into genetic architecture of cocaine use.
Antifungal activity of acidic electrolyzed water against strawberry postharvest molds (Fragaria x ananassa Duch cv. Camarosa)
Authors: Guerra Sierra Beatriz Elena , Sandoval Adriana , Torcoroma Liliana 
Published: October 2019

The aim of this word was to assess the in vitro antifungal activity of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) and the required contact time to inhibit the development of post-harvest molds common in strawberry fruit. Ninety-four strawberry samples were used. A five-fold assay in a randomized design was carried out using standard inoculum of fungal conidia, which were subjected to an array of contact times and AEW concentrations, using a controlled agitation (120 r.p.m) at 23°C. The conidia treated with AEW were grown on potato dextrose agar and their germination was evaluated. Mycelial growth of the treated samples was measured and compared against conidia control samples treated with distilled water instead of AEW. Botrytis cinerea and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most commonly isolated species at 54.25% and 28.72%, respectively. AEW inhibited conidia germination after 7 minutes of exposure. The AEW concentration required to inhibit conidia germination was 10 ppm and 50 ppm for R. stolonifer and B. cinerea respectively, a variance possibly due to the constitution of their cellular walls. A short exposure of AEW is able to inhibit post-harvest fungi growth, and is thus recommended as an efficient, economical, and environmentally sustainable sanitation agent, with the ability of extending the strawberry post-harvest consumption period.
Randomized controlled trial of aquatic exercise for treatment of knee osteoarthritis in elderly people
Authors: Azizi Sirous , Dadarkhah Afsaneh , Rezasoltani Zahra , Raeissadat Seyed Ahmad , Mofrad Reza Kazempoor , Najafi Sharif 
Published: October 2019

AimThe aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of aquatic exercise on pain, gait, and balance among elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis.MethodsWe performed a randomized controlled trial at a university hospital. Overall, 32 men with knee osteoarthritis, aged ≥ 60 years, were included. Pain, balance, and gait were evaluated before and 2 months after interventions. The group control used acetaminophen and followed lifestyle recommendations. The intervention group performed the aquatic exercise three sessions per week for 8 weeks.ResultsAt the end of the study, mean pain scores were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.010). Within-group analyses showed that group intervention experienced significant pain relief (p = 0.019), whereas group control did not show the significant change (p = 0.493). There was significant improvement in favor of aquatic exercise with regard to static (p = 0.001) and dynamic (p = 0.001) balance, step length (p = 0.038), stride length (p < 0.001), and cadence (p < 0.001). However, we did not find a significant difference in step time and width between the two groups.ConclusionsAquatic exercise would be beneficial in decreasing subjective pain of osteoarthritis. There are some recognizable improvements in patients’ gait and balance as well.
Developing A Mathematical Formula to Estimate The Occlusal Vertical Dimension.
Authors: TURKER Nurullah , BÜYÜKKAPLAN Ulviye Şebnem , ÖZARSLAN Mehmet Mustafa , ÖZCAN Mutlu 
Published: October 2019

Aim: The aim of this study is to obtain a mathematical
formula that can calculate occlusal vertical dimension with high accuracy,
using the distance between the anthropometric points.Material
and Methods:
One hundred and forty-eight subjects (74 males, 74 females) were included in
the study. A digital calliper was used to measure the Subnasion-Menton (SnMe)
and the sixteen other distances on the face. The correlation and regression
analysis were performed to predict the SnMe distance. A mathematical formula
was developed to explain the occlusal vertical dimension with the data obtained
by the regression analysis. The accuracy of the
formula was tested on data from individuals.Results: Tragus-Tragus, Pupil-Pupil,
Inner Canthus-Inner Canthus, Extra Chantus-Extra Chantus, Tragus-Chelion,
Pupil-Nose Tip, Pupil-Subnasion
, Pupil-Chelion, Tragus-Extra
Chantus Vertical distances had a significant correlation with SnMe. The Total R2
was 0.5926. With this formula, 54%
accuracy was observed in calculating participants' SnMe distances. The SnMe
distance was estimated to be 61% with an error margin of 1 mm and 73% with an error
margin of 2.5 mm.

Conclusions: Some of the distances between the anthropometric
points on the face have a significant relation with the occlusal vertical
dimension. A mathematical formula, to be generated by the statistical analysis
of the length values of these distances, can be used to calculate the occlusal
vertical dimension.
Sensibilidade de diferentes sementes em ensaio de fitotoxicidade
Authors: Peduto Thais Araujo Goya , Jesus Tatiane Araújo de , Kohatsu Marcio Yukihiro 
Published: October 2019

A Ecotoxicologia estuda a contaminação ambiental e os efeitos das substâncias químicas em seres vivos, investigando se são passíveis de causar danos aos organismos, levando em conta a sensibilidade à exposição por agentes tóxicos. Os testes de toxicidade com organismos vegetais possuem vantagens como: a simplicidade na realização do ensaio, sensibilidade na indicação de substâncias tóxicas e baixo custo. Como limitações, estas análises não permitem identificar especificamente os contaminantes que causam a toxicidade. Dessa forma, visou-se neste estudo analisar e comparar os parâmetros macroscópicos que demonstram alterações no crescimento inicial de seis espécies vegetais fortemente empregadas como bioindicadoras de toxicidade e analisar o índice de germinação. Eles consistiram em incubar (n = 10) sementes das espécies Allium cepa(Cebola), Cucumis sativus(Pepino), Lepidium sativum(Agrião do jardim), Lactuca sativa(Alface), Sinapis alba(Mostarda) e Eruca sativa(Rúcula), por diferentes períodos, em contato com três soluções de controle (Dicromato de Potássio, água ISO e água destilada) à temperatura de 20 ºC. Foi realizado também o comparativo econômico de aquisição das sementes no comércio. Os ensaios de germinação apresentaram diferentes respostas, concluindo que a semente da espécie S. albaobteve o melhor desempenho no teste de fitotoxicidade, por apresentar alta germinação em menor tempo de incubação, facilidade de avaliação das plântulas, elevado grau de sensibilidade frente aoscompostos estimulante e inibidor e menor valor de compra.
Comparação da remoção de turbidez e cor aparente em filtros lentos de areia com e sem adição de proteína imobilizada de Moringa oleifera
Authors: Takassugui Kamila Suemy , Arantes Camila Clementina , Jesus Tatiane Araújo de 
Published: October 2019

O tratamento de água para consumo humano pode ser efetuado por diferentes métodos, com predomínio do tratamento por ciclo completo em regiões urbanizadas. A filtração lenta, tecnologia de baixo custo e facilidade operacional, é uma alternativa ao ciclo completo em comunidades rurais ou isoladas, desde que o manancial apresente os requisitos de qualidade necessários, em especial, turbidez < 10 UNT. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a remoção de cor aparente e turbidez de água sintética em três filtros lentos de areia distintos, com e sem proteína imobilizada de Moringa oleifera: (1) areia (FA); (2) extrato filtrado de M. oleiferaaderido à areia (FA + EMOF); e (3) extrato peneirado de M. oleiferaaderido à areia (FA + EMOP). A água sintética apresentou os seguintes valores médios: turbidez (8,17 ± 0,63 UNT) e cor aparente (2,34 ± 0,22 uC). A utilização da proteína imobilizada de M. oleiferaaderida à areia resultou em menores valores de turbidez da água tratada (< 0,62 UNT para FA + EMOP e < 0,3 para FA + EMOF) quando comparado ao meio filtrante composto somente por areia, FA (< 1,23 UNT). A ANOVA seguida de teste de Tukey denotou a existência de diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos para a turbidez (p = 0,01382), considerando o FA e demais filtros. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas em relação aos resultados obtidos para a cor aparente, entretanto, todos os valores obtidos foram iguais ou abaixo de 0,5 uC para a água tratada.
Rowell syndrome in dermatological practice (a clinical case)
Authors: Taganov A. V. , Tamrazova O. B. , Gureeva M. A. 
Published: October 2019

Rowell syndrome is a rare cluster of symptoms characterized by clinical manifestation of lupus erythematosus and erythema multiforme (EM). About 100 cases of the syndrome have been reported in medical publications during the last 100 years. This may be related to misinterpretation of the symptoms and subsequent incorrect diagnosis due to its EM-like manifestations. Important clues for the diagnosis of Rowell syndrome are findings of positive rheumatoid factor, anti-nuclear antibodies and other erythematoid markers, as well as additional investigations, in particular, direct immunofluorescence technique. The paper describes a clinical case of Rowell syndrome in a 16-year old male patient. The diagnosis was challenging due to EM-like skin manifestations and required additional laboratory work-up, as well as the patient's follow-up. The diagnosis of Rowell syndrome was based on the clinical manifestations and on such diagnostic criteria as positive rheumatoid factor and anti-nuclear antibodies, as well as histological and laboratory abnormalities characteristic of the erythematosis. The patient was hospitalized and received the following treatment: prednisolone infusion (2.5 mg/kg/daily for 7 days), chloropyramine (1 mL i.m. twice daily for 5 days), hydroxychloroquine (6.5 mg/kg daily for 5 days), magnesium asparaginate/potassium asparaginate (one tablet (166.3 mg/175 mg) 3 times daily for 7 days), topical methylprednisolone aceponate cream 1% (once daily for 7 days). The treatment resulted in positive changes in the skin lesion and improvement of his general state. This clinical observation gives an example of classic Rowell syndrome proven both by lab and clinical signs, taking into account skin symptoms of lupus erythematosus and EM-like rash.
Evolution of Open-Hole Gravel Pack Methodology in a Low Frac-Window Environment: Case Histories and Lessons Learned From the Kraken Field Development
Authors: Alexander Kevin , Bruce Dave , Williamson Colin , Moses Nicholas , Ismayilov Elnur , Sallis Jonathan , De Kock Tertius , Sendel Honore , Beldongar Maye , Gadiyar Bala , Parlar Mehmet 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Kraken field development was planned and executed through several batch drilling and completion phases to allow a review of each phase and incorporate the lessons learned in the next phase. All producers were drilled with an oil-based reservoir drilling fluid (OB-RDF). The lower completion with shunted sand control screens was installed in conditioned OB-RDF, followed by displacements to water-based fluids after the packer was set. Gravel packing was performed with a visco-elastic surfactant fluid, and a breaker treatment was spotted across the open hole prior to isolating the open hole with a fluid loss control valve.
This paper discusses the design, execution and evaluation of the lower completion phase for the development of the Kraken field in the North Sea. This includes detailed reservoir evaluation, methodology followed for sandface completion selection, steps taken to improve efficiency through lessons learned and continuously extend well lengths to be gravel packed in a low frac-window environment, and well performance results in this 24-well field development, with focus on the 7 out of 13 oil producers, detailing 3 of them.
A Systematic Review to Assess the Effectiveness of Technology-Based Interventions to Address Obesity in Children
Authors: McMullan Megan , Millar Rachel , Woodside Jayne 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Childhood obesity is associated with a multitude of co-morbidities, including hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Childhood obesity can also affect a young person’s social, emotional and mental health if they encounter negative prejudice and social marginalisation. Given the prevalence of overweight and obese children globally, it is imperative that effective interventions are developed. Children are receptive to information conveyed via digital means, therefore, the use of technology may play a crucial role in interventions to reduce childhood obesity. This systematic review aimed to review and critically appraise the literature published to date in relation to the effectiveness of technology-based interventions, employed as secondary prevention, in addressing childhood obesity.Methods

An electronic search strategy was undertaken in Medline and Embase, covering publications up to and including 12th July 2018. Randomised controlled trials assessing the effectiveness of technology-based interventions on weight-related outcomes in children, aged 8 to 18, published only in the English language, were included.Results

From an initial search total of 1,012 studies, 11 met the inclusion criteria. They were assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomised Controlled Trials and were analysed using a narrative approach. The findings of this review showed a limited potential of technology-based interventions, employed as secondary prevention, to address childhood obesity. Of the eleven studies reviewed, three (27%) showed a positive relationship between technology-based interventions and weight-related outcomes in overweight or obese children.Conclusions

This review suggests that technology-based interventions, primarily active video games, as well as internet or web-based interventions and mobile phone communications, may, with further research, have the potential to impact positively on weight-related outcomes. It is difficult to determine the degree of efficacy of these technology-based interventions, as only two databases were searched, selecting only English language articles. Moreover, the included studies demonstrated a lack of high-quality evidence. The lack and heterogeneity of studies with technology-based interventions is a further limitation.
Cost Objects: The ED Dilemma. How is your ED performing?
Authors: Fuentes Verónica , Neriz Liliana , Nunez Alicia , Mateo Ricardo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The aim of this study is to propose a list of cost objects that can be used by any ED to compute costs considering that the resulting data must facilitate unit management by improving the information available for decision-making. Methods This study considers two stages, first, We analyzed the case-mix of two hospitals collecting their data to define and diagram their processes, activities and to obtain their cost objects, second, we used four additional hospitals to validate our initial findings. Results We recognized 59 cost objects. Hospitals may have all these cost objects or just a subset of them depending on the services they provide. Conclusions Among the main benefits of our cost objects definition are: the possibility of tracing the processes generated by the services delivered by EDs, the economic sense in its grouping, the chance of using any costing methodology, the flexibility with other classification systems such as DRGs and ICDs, and the opportunity of costing for both diseases and treatments. Furthermore, cost comparison among hospitals using our final 59 cost objects list is more accurate and based on comparable units. In different EDs, each cost object will be the result of a similar combination of activities performed. We also present the results of applying this cost objects list to a particular ED. A total of 54 out of 59 cost objects were identified for that particular unit within a calendar year.
Association Between Early Childhood Caries And Malnutrition In A Sub-Urban Population In Nigeria
Authors: Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin , Arije Olujide , Tantawi Maha El , Kolawole Kikelomo Adebanke , Obiyan Mary , Arowolo Olaniyi , Oziegbe Elizabeth O 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To determine the association between malnutrition and early childhood caries (ECC) in children resident in sub-urban, Nigeria.
Methods: This study is a secondary analysis of a larger cross-sectional data generated through a household survey. Variables (sex, frequency of sugar consumption, maternal knowledge of oral hygiene, oral hygiene status) associated with ECC in the primary study conducted in the Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were adjusted for in the models. We used Poisson regression analysis to determine the association between ECC and malnutrition (stunting, overweight and underweight). We reported the adjusted prevalence ratio (APR).
Results: Of the 370 children, 20 (5.41%) were underweight, 20 (5.41%) were overweight, 67 (18.11%) were wasting, 120 (32.43%) were stunted and 18 (4.86%) had ECC. Factors associated with ECC were being stunted, underweight, overweight and fair oral hygiene. The prevalence of ECC was lower in children who were stunted (APR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.69; p=0.02), almost seven times higher in children who were overweight (APR: 6.88; 95% CI: 1.83-25.85; p<0.001), and predictively absent in children who were underweight (APR: 0; 95% CI: 0-0; p<0.001) when compared with children who had normal weight. Non-significant risk indicators for ECC included consuming sugar between meals three times a day or more, having low socioeconomic status and being female.
Conclusions: For this study population, the indicators of malnutrition – being stunted, underweight, overweight - and fair oral hygiene were risk indicators for ECC, while the frequency of sugar consumption was not a significant risk indicator. Further studies are needed to identify if there are other mediators of associations between ECC and nutrition status apart from sugar consumption.
Validation of the Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) in French language
Authors: ABRAHAM PAUL , COURVOISIER Delphine S. , ANNWEILER Cedric , LENOIR Cliff , MILLIEN Thomas , DALMAZ Francoise , FLATTEN Hans , MORENO Rui , CHRISTENSEN Steffen , De Lange Dylan , GUIDET Bertrand , Bendjelid Karim , WALDER Bernhard , PINTO Bernardo BOLLEN 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
Very old critical ill patients are a rapid expanding group. To better understand the magnitude of the challenges involved in intensive care practice for an ageing population and discuss a rational allocation of resources, healthcare practitioners need a reliable evaluation of frailty.
In order to promote the adequate use of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) in a wider panel of countries, we aimed to develop, validate and characterise a French (FR) version from the originale English (EN) CFS.
Methods
We included participants recruited prospectively for the observational “The very old
intensive care patient: A multinational prospective observation study” (VIP Study)
at Geneva University Hospitals (FR speaking hospital). A FR version of the CFS was obtained by translation (EN->FR) and back translation (FR->EN). The final CFS-FR was then evaluated twice on the same participants with at least a 2-week interval by FR-speaking doctors and nurses.
Results
Inter-rater reliability was 0.87 (95%CI: 0.76-0.93) between doctors for the original CFS version and 0.76 (95%CI: 0.57-0.87) between nurses for the FR version. Inter-rater variability between doctor and nurse was 0.75 (95%CI: 0.56-0.87) for the original version, and 0.73 (95%CI: 0.52-0.85) for the FR version.
Test-retest (stability) with the original vs the FR version was 0.86 (95%CI: 0.72-0.93) for doctors and 0.87 (95%CI: 0.76-0.93) for nurses.
Differences between the evaluations of the CFS-EN and CSF-FR were not different from 0, with a mean difference of 0.06 (95%CI -0.24, 0.36) for the EN version and -0.03 (95%CI -0.47, 0.41) for the FR version. Average original version ratings were slightly lower than FR version ratings, though this difference did not reach significance: -0.29 (95%CI -0.54, 0.04).
Conclusion
In this prospective cohort of very old intensive care participants we developed and tested the basic psychometric properties (internal consistency, reproducibility) of a French version of the CFS. This manuscript provides clinically meaningful psychometric properties that have not been previously reported in any other language, including in the original EN version.
The French cultural adaptation of this CFS has adequate psychometric properties for doctors or nurses to evaluate frailty in very old intensive care patients.