bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOlution Focused brief therapy In post-stroke Aphasia (SOFIA Trial): protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial
Authors: Northcott Sarah , Simpson Alan , Thomas Shirley A. , Hirani Shashivadan P. , Flood Chris , Hilari Katerina 
Published: May 2019

Background: Around a quarter of people post stroke will experience aphasia, a language disability. Having aphasia places someone at risk of becoming depressed and isolated. There is limited evidence for effective interventions to enhance psychological well-being for this client group. A potential intervention is Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), which supports a person to build meaningful, achievable change through focusing on a person’s skills and resources rather than their deficits. The SOFIA Trial aims to explore the acceptability of SFBT to people with varying presentations of aphasia, including severe aphasia, and to assess the feasibility of conducting a future definitive trial investigating clinical and cost effectiveness. Methods: The trial is a single-blind, randomised, wait-list controlled feasibility trial with nested qualitative research and pilot economic evaluation comparing SFBT plus usual care to usual care alone. The study will recruit 32 participants with aphasia who are ≥6 months post stroke. All participants will be assessed on psychosocial outcome measures at baseline, three, and six months post randomisation by assessors blinded to treatment allocation. Participants will be randomly assigned to intervention group (start intervention immediately post randomisation) or wait-list group (start intervention six months post randomisation). Wait-list group will additionally be assessed nine months post randomisation. The intervention consists of up to six SFBT sessions delivered over three months by speech and language therapists. Participants and therapists will also take part in in-depth interviews exploring their experiences of the study. The pilot economic evaluation will use the EQ-5D-5L measure and an adapted Client Service Receipt Inventory. People with aphasia have been involved in designing and monitoring the trial. Discussion: Given the high levels of depression and isolation, there is a need to investigate effective interventions that enhance the psychological wellbeing of people with aphasia. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03245060 10/08/2017.
Considerations related to vaping as a possible gateway into cigarette smoking: an analytical review
Authors: Lee Peter N. , Coombs Katharine J. , Afolalu Esther F. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Toxicant levels are much lower in e-cigarettes than cigarettes. Therefore, introducing e-cigarettes into the market seems likely to reduce smoking-related diseases (SRD). However, vaping might provide a gateway into cigarette smoking for those who otherwise would never have smoked, a concern fuelled by cohort studies showing vaping predicts subsequent smoking initiation in young people. Methods: In this discussion paper, we consider various aspects of the gateway issue in youths. We provide a descriptive critical review of results from prospective studies relating to the gateway effect and the extent to which the studies considered other potential confounding variables associated with smoking initiation. We then estimate the effects of omitting a confounding variable, or misclassifying it, on the association between vaping and subsequent smoking initiation, and determine how the prevalence of smoking might be affected by any true gateway effects of vaping. Finally, we examine trends in e-cigarette and smoking prevalence in youths based on national surveys. Results: First, we demonstrate that although studies report that vaping significantly predicts smoking initiation following adjustment for various other predictors, the sets of predictors considered are quite incomplete. Furthermore, no study considered residual confounding arising from inaccurate measurement of predictors. More precise adjustment may substantially reduce the association. Second, we show any true gateway effect would likely affect smoking prevalence only modestly. Third, we show smoking prevalence in U.S. and U.K. youths in 2014–2016 declined somewhat faster than predicted by the preceding trend; a substantial gateway effect suggests the opposite. Finally, we argue that even if some gateway effect exists, introducing e-cigarettes still likely reduces SRDs. Conclusions: Given that the existence of any true gateway effect in youth is not yet clearly demonstrated the population health impact of introducing e-cigarettes is still likely to be beneficial.
FaceSync: Open source framework for recording facial expressions with head-mounted cameras
Authors: Cheong Jin Hyun , Brooks Sawyer , Chang Luke J. 
Published: May 2019

Advances in computer vision and machine learning algorithms have enabled researchers to extract facial expression data from face video recordings with greater ease and speed than standard manual coding methods, which has led to a dramatic increase in the pace of facial expression research. However, there are many limitations in recording facial expressions in laboratory settings. Conventional video recording setups using webcams, tripod-mounted cameras, or pan-tilt-zoom cameras require making compromises between cost, reliability, and flexibility. As an alternative, we propose the use of a mobile head-mounted camera that can be easily constructed from our open-source instructions and blueprints at a fraction of the cost of conventional setups. The head-mounted camera framework is supported by the open source Python toolboxFaceSync, which provides an automated method for synchronizing videos. We provide four proof-of-concept studies demonstrating the benefits of this recording system in reliably measuring and analyzing facial expressions in diverse experimental setups, including group interaction experiments.
A recall-by-genotype study on polymorphisms in the TMPRSS6 gene and oral iron absorption: a study protocol
Authors: Jallow Momodou W. , Campino Susana , Prentice Andrew M. , Cerami Carla 
Published: May 2019

Background: Oral iron supplementation is commonly used to treat and prevent anaemia. The transmembrane protease serine 6 gene (TMPRSS6), which encodes matriptase 2, is a negative regulator of hepcidin, the key controller of iron homeostasis. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TMPRSS6 gene that are associated with an increased risk of iron-deficiency anaemia. We will investigate the in vivo effects of three previously reported TMPRSS6 variants (rs855791, rs4820268 and rs2235321) on oral iron absorption in non-anaemic volunteers in The Gambia. Methods: A recall-by-genotype study design will be employed. Pre-genotyped participants will be recruited from the West African BioResouce (WABR), which currently contains over 3000 genotyped individuals. Male and female volunteers will be selected based on polymorphisms (rs855791, rs4820268 and rs2235321) in the TMPRSS6 gene in the Gambian population. The effects of a single variant allele at one SNP and the additive effect of two or three variant alleles from either two or all three SNPs will be investigated. Study participants will be given a single oral dose of 400mg ferrous sulfate, and blood samples will be collected at baseline, two hours and five hours post supplementation. Differences in iron absorption between genotype groups will be assessed by measuring the increase in serum iron concentration at five hours post iron ingestion. Discussion: This study will increase understanding of the role of genetic variations in TMPRSS6 on oral iron absorption in subjects of West African origin. This will test for the biological basis for the association of each of the three TMPRSS6 variants with iron absorption. This may help in guiding future iron intervention strategies, particularly in populations with a high frequency of these SNPs and a high frequency of anaemia. Study registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03341338 14/11/17.
Exploring the optimal duration of video recording in a post-discharge eLearning platform for cardiac patients
Authors: Kirn Borut 
Published: May 2019

Background: On a post-discharge eLearning platform for patients with coronary artery disease, videos are used as the main educational media. Medical content takes a long time to be thoroughly explained, frequently exceeding the viewer’s attention span. To find the optimal duration for such an educational video, we studied the retention of video watching. Methods: In this study, 135 (88% male; age 62±9 years) patients with coronary artery disease actively used eLearning platform which included 60 video recordings with duration ranging from 21 sec to 303 sec. The videos were divided into two groups based on their duration (short < 100 sec and long > 100 sec). From the platform usage metadata, an average video retention rate was obtained as a ratio of video viewing time and total video duration for videos watched six times or more. Independent t-tests for mean values and f-test for variance were used to compare the groups. Results: In total, 35 (18 short and 17 long) videos were included in the study and were viewed (mean ± SD) 22 ± 11 times. The mean duration of short videos was: 80 sec ± 14 sec and of long videos it was: 160 sec ± 51 sec. The retention rate in the short and long group was 0.99 ± 0.05 and 0.94 ± 0.19 respectively. Average values were not signi­ficantly different (P = 0.33), but variances were (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study shows that the effective attention span for a video recording of this kind, based on an eLearning set-up and local population, is up to 100 sec. Videos shorter than 100sec are mostly watched fully without a break. In contrast, longer videos are often rewound, and parts watched again or not watched to the full length at all.
Neonatal iron distribution and infection susceptibility in full term, preterm and low birthweight babies in urban Gambia: study protocol for an observational study.
Authors: Cross James H. , Jarjou Ousman , Mohammed Nuredin Ibrahim , Prentice Andrew M. , Cerami Carla 
Published: May 2019

Background: Neonatal infection is the third largest cause of death in children under five worldwide. Nutritional immunity is the process by which the host innate immune system limits nutrient availability to invading organisms. Iron is an essential micronutrient for both microbial pathogens and their mammalian hosts. Changes in iron availability and distribution have significant effects on pathogen virulence and on the immune response to infection. Our previously published data shows that, during the first 24 hours of life, full-term neonates have reduced overall serum iron. Transferrin saturation decreases rapidly from 45% in cord blood to ~20% by six hours post-delivery. Methods: To study neonatal nutritional immunity and its role in neonatal susceptibility to infection, we will conduct an observational study on 300 full-term normal birth weight (FTB+NBW), 50 preterm normal birth weight (PTB+NBW), 50 preterm low birth weight (PTB+LBW) and 50 full-term low birth weight (FTB+LBW), vaginally-delivered neonates born at Kanifing General Hospital, The Gambia. We will characterize and quantify iron-related nutritional immunity during the early neonatal period and use ex vivo sentinel bacterial growth assays to assess how differences in serum iron affect bacterial growth. Blood samples will be collected from the umbilical cord (arterial and venous) and at serial time points from the neonates over the first week of life. Discussion: Currently, little is known about nutritional immunity in neonates. In this study, we will increase understanding of how nutritional immunity may protect neonates from infection during the first critical days of life by limiting the pathogenicity and virulence of neonatal sepsis causing organisms by reducing the availability of iron. Additionally, we will investigate the hypothesis that this protective mechanism may not be activated in preterm and low birth weight neonates, potentially putting these babies at an enhanced risk of neonatal infection. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03353051) 27/11/2017
Afforded exploration: An approach to novel yet understandable product experiences
Authors: Lee Soyeon , Self James A. 
Published: May 2019

A product’s form and related affordances, together with interaction possibilities, have a significant influence on the user’s emotional response. Although interaction influences the user’s product experience, little is known of how product interaction may best provide opportunities for novel yet understandably familiar product-user experiences. The purpose of this study is to contribute to understanding the contradictory relationship between novelty and acceptability in product design, with a focus on product interaction. Adopting a research-through-design approach, four bottle designs were developed and prototyped. Two dichotomous theoretical constructs were applied to the four designs: Explanatory-Affordance, Exploratory-Affordance, Explanatory-DisAffordance and Exploratory-DisAffordance-Based designs. The four constructs broadly relate to the types of product interactions afforded through interaction with the four bottle designs. Affordance and DisAffordance-Based designs refer to the product’s ability to afford an understanding of use through form and other signifiers. Explanatory-Exploratory-Based design suggests the extent to which a user may exploratively interact with the product. The four bottle designs were used as stimuli to collect participants’ emotional response under controlled conditions. We confirmed the significant impact of an exploitive approach to product interaction for increased positive response and stimulation of novelty in product appraisal. Moreover, affordance, while not stimulating positive emotion on its own, may provide opportunity for reassurance and acceptability during product interaction when combined with an explorative design approach.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY). To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Craft-based design for innovation: Potential in novelty, quality and sustainability through hands-on interaction
Authors: Pinski Jenny , Kane Faith , Evans Mark 
Published: May 2019

The industrial revolution created a rise in mass manufacture, increasing consumption to current unsustainable levels and marking a decline in hands-on craft practice. In contemporary practice, designers frequently employ digital ways of working and, whilst this may create opportunities and efficiencies, it can limit the working of materials by hand. In contrast, hands-on craft processes can develop in-depth knowledge and understanding to help solve complex and novel design problems. With increasing use of digital design methods, it is timely to reflect on the role and value of hands-on craft practices. The study explores the use of craft-based approaches to support design practice in relation to novelty and quality and considers its future potential to contribute towards design for sustainability. A design project that integrated hand weaving with sandal design was undertaken and qualitative data were collected. This was analysed through data reduction, coding, clustering and display and is presented as a case study. The findings indicate that a craft-based approach can contribute to a heightened control of materials, construction and awareness of wider design issues such as the development process, production methods and environmental impact. Difficulties were identified in inefficient use of time and a knowledge/skills gap between specialist design and craft disciplines.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY). To view a copy of the licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Educación sexual y afectiva en libros de texto de Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias Naturales de Primaria en el sistema educativo de Castilla La Mancha
Authors: Franco María Teresa Bejarano 
Published: May 2019

El artículo presenta la actividad investigadora sobre revisión de imágenes con perspectiva de género en libros de texto de primaria utilizados en Castilla La Mancha. El objetivo de esta tarea se centra en saber si se está impartiendo el modelo de educación sexual y si se transmiten conocimientos sobre lo afectivo sexual. Para ello, se escogieron dos áreas de conocimiento, Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias Naturales y se seleccionaron 90 imágenes. Se aplicó un instrumento de recogida de datos denominado tabla de análisis diseñada a partir del planteamiento sobre educación en sexualidad que expone la OMS (2006).El análisis se llevó a cabo utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido (Hsieh y Shannon, 2005). Las conclusiones revelan que no se trabaja el modelo de educación en sexualidad y que aún se siguen mostrando contenidos sesgados sobre lo afectivo-sexual.
PALABRAS-CLAVES: Educación sexual. Educación afectivo-sexual. Libros de texto. Etapa de primaria
Free light chains in the cerebrospinal fluid. Comparison of different methods to determine intrathecal synthesis
Authors: Hegen Harald , Walde Janette , Milosavljevic Dejan , Aboulenein-Djamshidian Fahmy , Senel Makbule , Tumani Hayrettin , Deisenhammer Florian , Presslauer Stefan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Free light chains (FLC) have been proposed as diagnostic biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, which method to use for determining an intrathecal FLC synthesis has not yet been clarified. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of CSF FLC concentration, FLC quotient (QFLC), FLC index and FLC intrathecal fraction (FLCIF).

Methods
κ- and λ-FLC were measured by nephelometry under blinded conditions in CSF and serum sample pairs of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS; n = 60), multiple sclerosis (MS; n = 60) and other neurological diseases (n = 60) from four different MS centers. QFLC was calculated as the ratio of CSF/serum FLC concentration, the FLC index as QFLC/albumin quotient and the percentage FLCIF by comparing QFLC to a previously empirically determined, albumin quotient-dependent reference limit.

Results
CSF FLC concentration, QFLC, FLC index and FLCIF of both the κ- and λ-isotype were significantly higher in patients with CIS and MS than in the control group, as well as in oligoclonal bands (OCB) positive than in OCB negative patients. Each parameter was able to identify MS/CIS patients and OCB positivity, however, diagnostic performance determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses differed and revealed superiority of FLC index and FLCIF.

Conclusions
These findings support the diagnostic value of FLC measures that correct for serum FLC levels and albumin quotient, i.e. blood-CSF barrier function.
Development and interlaboratory evaluation of a NIST Reference Material RM 8366 for EGFR and MET gene copy number measurements
Authors: He Hua-Jun , Das Biswajit , Cleveland Megan H. , Chen Li , Camalier Corinne E. , Liu Liang-Chun , Norman Kara L. , Fellowes Andrew P. , McEvoy Christopher R. , Lund Steve P. , Almeida Jamie , Steffen Carolyn R. , Karlovich Chris , Williams P. Mickey , Cole Kenneth D. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Reference Material RM 8366 was developed to improve the quality of gene copy measurements of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and MET (proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase), important targets for cancer diagnostics and treatment. The reference material is composed of genomic DNA prepared from six human cancer cell lines with different levels of amplification of the target genes.

Methods
The reference values for the ratios of the EGFR and MET gene copy numbers to the copy numbers of reference genes were measured using digital PCR. The digital PCR measurements were confirmed by two additional laboratories. The samples were also characterized using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) methods including whole genome sequencing (WGS) at three levels of coverage (approximately 1 ×, 5 ×  and greater than 30 ×), whole exome sequencing (WES), and two different pan-cancer gene panels. The WES data were analyzed using three different bioinformatic algorithms.

Results
The certified values (digital PCR) for EGFR and MET were in good agreement (within 20%) with the values obtained from the different NGS methods and algorithms for five of the six components; one component had lower NGS values.

Conclusions
This study shows that NIST RM 8366 is a valuable reference material to evaluate the performance of assays that assess EGFR and MET gene copy number measurements.
Design of a study to investigate the mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnoea by means of drug-induced sleep endoscopy
Authors: Bisogni Valeria , Maiolino Giuseppe , Ceolotto Giulio , Pengo Martino F. , Marchese Ragona Rosario , Artusi Carlo , Brugnolo Laura , Lerco Silvia , Borsetto Daniele , Gaudioso Piergiorgio , Martini Alessandro , Plebani Mario , Rossi Gian Paolo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an independent risk factor of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Recurrent episodes of upper airways collapse during sleep causing blood oxygen desaturation, hypercapnia, and micro-arousals, are known to activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, whether changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endothelial activation also occur remains contentious.

Methods
Based on routine use of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) for the work-up of OSA patients in our centre, we designed a prospective study to investigate the haemodynamic and humoral changes occurring during the apnoeic episodes reproduced in vivo in the course of DISE. Specifically, plasma aldosterone concentration and renin activity, C-terminal fragment of proendothelin-1, as a marker of endothelial damage, and free plasma catecholamines, will be measured at fixed times during DISE. The activity of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a key catecholamine-inactivating enzyme that has been scantly investigated thus far owing to the lack of commercially available kits, will be also determined by a newly developed high performance liquid chromatography method, which is herein described.

Results and conclusions
The aim of this study is to provide novel information on the haemodynamic, hormonal, and SNS changes, and also on COMT activity modification concomitantly occurring during apnoea, thus contributing substantively to the understanding of the pathophysiology of OSA.