bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of the post radiation fistulas of pelvic organs
Authors: Vasiliev L. A. , Kostyuk I. P. , Ivanov S. A. , Kaprin A. D. 
Published: July 2019

Background. In recent years, we observe technological and scientific growth in the field of medicine. It makes revise of existing ideas about certain pathological conditions. Such a serious complication of radiation treatment as fistulas of the pelvic organs is not excluded. All available classification of the post radiation fistulas of pelvic organs or consider them in the total mass of fistulas, specifying only the cause of occurrence, or even fall into the category of “others”. Moreover, the existing classifications do not reflect the medical tactics needed in each particular case.The study objective is to develop classification of radiation-induced fistulas of the lower pelvis which would assist with selection of the optimal treatment tactics.Materials and methods. This study analyzed the results of the examination and treatment of 82 cases of post-radiation pelvic fistula.Results and conclusion. Treatment of patients according to the proposed classification allowed to attain stable recovery in 92 % of cases.
Capabilities of preoperative targeted therapy in treatment of bone metastases in renal cancer
Authors: Yurmazov Z. A. , Lushnikova N. A. , Spirina L. V. , Usynin E. A. , Slonimskaya E. M. , Anisenya I. I. , Bogoutdinova A. V. 
Published: July 2019

The study objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative targeted therapy, spectrum and rate of adverse events, as well as quality of life in patients with bone metastases of renal cell carcinoma.Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Research Institute of Oncology, Tomsk Medical Research Center between 2014 and 2018. The study included 34 patients with bone metastases of renal cell carcinoma who received preoperative targeted therapy with pazopanib for 8 weeks. All patients underwent surgical treatment of both the primary tumor and bone metastases.Results and conclusion. It was shown that preoperative targeted therapy is characterized by a high rate of clinical response and satisfactory tolerability. In some cases, preoperative targeted therapy improves the conditions for surgical treatment of metastatic bone lesions, decreases intraoperative blood loss, decreases the volume and duration of surgical intervention, which, in turn, allows to preserve bigger range of motion in the affected bone segment and improve patients’ quality of life.
Global‐ and Local‐Scale High‐Resolution Event Catalogs for Algorithm Testing
Authors: Linville Lisa , Brogan Ronald Chip , Young Christopher , Aur Katherine Anderson 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTDuring the development of new seismic data processing methods, the verification of potential events and associated signals can present a nontrivial obstacle to the assessment of algorithm performance, especially as detection thresholds are lowered, resulting in the inclusion of significantly more anthropogenic signals. Here, we present two 14 day seismic event catalogs, a local‐scale catalog developed using data from the University of Utah Seismograph Stations network, and a global‐scale catalog developed using data from the International Monitoring System. Each catalog was built manually to comprehensively identify events from all sources that were locatable using phase arrival timing and directional information from seismic network stations, resulting in significant increases compared to existing catalogs. The new catalogs additionally contain challenging event sequences (prolific aftershocks and small events at the detection and location threshold) and novel event types and sources (e.g., infrasound only events and long‐wall mining events) that make them useful for algorithm testing and development, as well as valuable for the unique tectonic and anthropogenic event sequences they contain.
Revisión del proceso de separación de fases del gas natural a alta presión en la industria Oil&Gas
Authors: Prieto Jiménez Natalia , González Silva Germán , Chaves Guerrero Arlex 
Published: July 2019

La separación física de líquidos y gases es una de las operaciones de producción, procesamiento y tratamiento en la industria petrolera, necesaria para prevenir daños en equipos rotativos, evitar corrosión en tuberías y cumplir con las especificaciones de calidad del gas natural para uso doméstico. Cuando la presión de operación aumenta, la diferencia de densidades entre las fases disminuye, lo cual dificulta el proceso de separación. Se realiza la revisión del estado del arte, desde los años 90 hasta el presente, de las diferentes metodologías para separar las fases líquida y gaseosa del gas natural, así como las variables de diseño con aplicación a sistemas que operan a alta presión; prestando especial énfasis en los avances encontrados utilizando Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional. Los resultados muestran que, aunque los separadores centrífugos y los separadores supersónicos son más compactos y de fácil mantenimiento comparados con los separadores gravitacionales, éstos últimos continúan siendo la estrategia más favorable cuando se combinan alta presión y baja cantidad de líquido (menos del 4% vol), como es el caso del gas natural. Conclusión adjudicada, en parte, a la falta de estudios experimentales/numéricos que involucren al gas natural en equipos alternativos al separador gravitacional
THE CONCEPT OF SHAKESPEARE’S PERSONALITY AND CREATIVITY IN THE LITERARY-CRITICAL WORKS OF I.A. AKSENOV
Authors: Zhatkin Dmitry N. , Futljaev Nikita S. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The article analyzes the literature-critical publications of Aksenov of the late 1920s and the first half of the 1930s with the aim of examining the personality and creativity of Shakespeare via socio-cultural, comparative-historical, historical-genetic, socio-cultural and biographical methods.
Methodology: In accordance with the subject of study, comparative-historical, cultural-historical and historical-typological methods, methods of problem and comparative analysis were used.
Main Findings: As a result, Aksenov systematically destroyed the widespread misconception of the epoch that Shakespeare was almost the only pillar of Elizabethan drama. In conclusion, Aksenov considered literary flair a special merit of Shakespeare, with which he was editing the material, without hiding the merits of his predecessors and without correcting or giving realistic contours to mysterious characters.
Applications: This research can be used by literary students, from universities and other literary centers.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, Shakespeare’s personality and creativity were studied from his literary-critical works.
Desafíos actuales de la enseñanza de la filosofía
Authors: Díaz Bernal Juan Guillermo , Pulido Cortés Óscar 
Published: July 2019

La enseñanza de la filosofía se ha venido constituyendo como un campo teórico y metodológico en el último tiempo. Las continuas amenazas que sobre este saber milenario que se han hecho desde diversas acciones políticas han concitado una especial defensa del saber y de su posibilidad de ser enseñada en escuelas y universidades. Esta defensa se manifiesta no solo en las luchas políticas y normativas en diversos países, sino también en la creación de asignaturas, programas, proyectos de investigación, redes de maestros y conceptos. El informe de la UNESCO la filosofía como escuela de libertad (UNESCO, 2011)publicado en francés en el año 2007 produjo un completo estado de la cuestión sobre enseñanza de la filosofía a nivel mundial, hoy 12 anos después la situación sigue consolidándose como preocupación y a la vez con esperanza entre las restricciones de gobierno neoliberales y conservadores que ubican a la filosofía como algo inútil y peligroso en la formación de las nuevas generaciones y las nuevas formas y manifestaciones de prácticas filosóficas contemporáneas. Diversos estudios han demostrado como la reflexión sobre enseñanza de la filosofía en Colombia ha venido ganado espacio en publicaciones especializadas en filosofía (Díaz & Espinel, 2019; Pulido, Espinel, & Gómez, 2018), educación e incluso se han dedicado números monográficos para abordar la problemática. Esta sensación ha sido reconocida por la revista Cuestiones de filosofía que dedica este fascículo a contribuir con la discusión latinoamericana al respecto.
Nilai Total Ketidakteraturan-H pada Graf Cn x P3
Authors: Aritonang Winda , Hinding Nurdin , Amir Amir Kamal 
Published: July 2019

AbstrakPenentuan nilai total ketidakteraturan dari semua graf belum dapat dilakukan secara lengkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan nilai total ketidakteraturan-H pada graf Cn x P3 untuk n ≥ 3 yang isomorfik dengan . Penentuan nilai total ketidakteraturan-H pada graf Cn x P3 dengan menentukan batas bawah terbesar dan batas atas terkecil. Batas bawah dianalisis berdasarkan sifat-sifat graf dan teorema pendukung lainnya. Sedangkan batas atas dianalisa dengan pemberian label pada titik dan sisi pada graf Cn x P3.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diperoleh nilai total ketidakteraturan-H pada graf ths(Cn x P3, C4)=.Kata kunci : Selimut-H, Nilai total ketidakteraturan-HAbstractThe determine of H-irregularity total strength in all graphs was not complete on graph classes. The research aims to determine alghorithm the H-irregularity total strength of graph Cn x P3 for n ≥ 3 with use H-covering, where H is isomorphic to C4. The determine of H-irregularity total strength of graph Cn x P3 was conducted by determining lower bound and smallest upper bound. The lower bound was analyzed based on graph characteristics and other supporting theorem, while the upper bound was analyzed by edge labeling and vertex labeling of graph Cn x P3.The result show that the H-irregularity total strength of graph ths(Cn x P3, C4)=.Keyword : H-covering, H-irregularity total strength
ANALISIS KESTABILAN DAN KONTROL OPTIMAL MODEL LESLIE-GOWER FUNGSI RESPON HOLLING III DENGAN PEMANENAN PADA POPULASI PREDATOR DAN PREY
Authors: Febriyanti Himmatul Ulya , Toaha Syamsuddin , Kasbawati Kasbawati 
Published: July 2019

This article modified the leslie-gower model on harvesting with predator and prey population. This study aims at construct a modification of leslie-gower model with holing III response function. In addition, there is an effort harvesting in predator and prey population, analyzing an equilibrium point, finding bionomic equilibrium and the condition where the present value is maximum from net income by controlling harvesting in both populations. In the modified leslie-gower model there is an equilibrium point which is asymptotically stable and when there have harvesting, the equilibrium point is also asymptotically stable. Bionomic equilibrium from harvesting on the modified leslie-gower model is maximizing the profit function π of harvesting on a model with the maximum pontryagin principle resulting an optimal equilibrium) affected by instantaneous rate of discount δ.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERKOMUNIKASI MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF JIGSAW
Authors: Rizki Sofiyana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This research was aimed to overcome the low of students’ communication skills in the learning process which applied Jigsaw cooperative learning model in the class five of Tingkir Lor 02 Elementary School Tingkir sub-district Salatiga city. This classroom action research used spiral model which referred to Kemis and Mc. Tagart’ research design. This research procedure was done by implementing Jigsaw cooperative learning model which was planned by started from design arrangement, action, observation, and reflection which is then followed by the next spiral cycle. This classroom action research applied two cycles pattern. The conclusion of this research is the implementation of Jigsaw cooperative learning can improve students’ communication skills. It can be seen from the increase of communication skills average score percentage from cycle I and cycle II that is 11,78% with average score in cycle I is 75,5 increased into cycle II that is 84,4.
Keywords: Communication Skills, Jigsaw Model

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi rendahnya keterampilan berkomunikasi peserta didik dalam pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif Jigsaw di kelas V di SD Negeri Tingkir Lor 02 Kecamatan Tingkir Kota Salatiga. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menggunakan model spiral yang mengacu desain penelitian Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart. Prosedur penelitian ini dilaksankan dengan melaksanakan pembelajaran menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif Jigsaw yang dierencanakan dengan dimulai dari penyususnan rancangan, pelaksanaan tindakan, pengamatan (observasi), dan refleksi yang kemudian diikuti dengan siklus spiral berikutnya. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini menerapkan pola dua siklus. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu penerapan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Jigsaw dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berkomunikasi peserta didik. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari kenaikan presentase skor rata-rata untuk ketererampilan berkomunikasi dari siklus I ke siklus II yaitu sebesar 11,78%, dengan skor rata-rata pada siklus I yaitu 75,5 naik di siklus II menjadi 84,4.
Kata Kunci: Keterampilan Berkomunikasi, Model Jigsaw
Planform Recognition and Implications of a Cretaceous-age Continental-scale River Avulsion Node in the Western Interior Basin, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Martin Harrison K. , Hubbard Stephen M. , Hagstrom Cynthia A. , Horner Sean C. , Durkin Paul R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe recognition of an avulsion in the stratigraphic record of an ancient river can provide key insight into its paleoenvironmental setting. In this study, the first planform recognition and delineation of a continental-scale river avulsion node in the deep-time record is used to provide novel insights into the paleogeographic setting for Aptian strata of the Western Interior Basin. Deposits of the Cretaceous McMurray Formation (A2 channel belt) in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region of Alberta, Canada, compose a world-class archive of fluvial–deltaic deposition, captured with a uniquely dense wireline-well-log and drill-core dataset. Despite extensive research on this expansive deposit, however, the depositional setting and paleoenvironmental conditions of the formation have been the subject of long-standing and unresolved debate.In this study, the planform geometry of meander belts characterized by pervasive point-bar and oxbow-lake deposits are examined along a continuous dip-oriented transect > 100 km long, covering > 11,000 km2. The avulsion node documented is linked to three potential causal mechanisms: the presence of the paleobackwater limit, syndepositional salt collapse, or differential erosion and compaction of the substrate associated with an underlying Devonian carbonate escarpment. Although the data compiled do not favor any one of the three proposed mechanisms, each hypothesis potentially provides novel insights into the depositional environment of the McMurray Formation. Notably, the paleobackwater interpretation is consistent with recent seismic geomorphological analysis of the local A2 channel belt that suggested that deposition occurred in the upper reaches of the backwater zone. The results of this work have implications for delineating hydrocarbon-bearing units in the Athabasca Oil Sands, as well as recognizing the record of ancient avulsion nodes in other sedimentary basins.
What do young doctors know of Palliative Care; how do they expect the concept to work?
Authors: Fernando GVM Chamath , Prathapan Shamini 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objectives

Discipline of palliative care is still evolving in developed parts of the world while it remains at an infantile stage in Sri Lanka which has not been formally assessed as of today. We aimed at evaluating the level of palliative care knowledge and opinions among young medical graduates. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among pre-residency medical graduates of Sri Lanka through a social media based on-line survey. The pre-tested questionnaire assessed the level of knowledge on general principles, service organization, clinical management and ethical considerations while it also evaluated their opinions.

Results

Response rate was 35.8% (n=351). The average score among the respondents was 37.25% (standard deviation (SD) = 11.975). Specific knowledge on “general principles” was adequate (score>=50%) with an average of 62.61%, SD=24.5 while “ethics” was observed to be the area with poorest knowledge (average score=19.55%, SD=22). Average scores for “service organization” and “managerial aspects” were 34.54%, SD=17.6 and 32.26%, SD=22.3 respectively. The majority (>90%) believed that de-novo establishment of hospice, hospital and community-based palliative services would sustainably improve holistic patient care. Measures must be taken to optimize basic palliative care knowledge among the undergraduates in view of achieving Universal Health Coverage in the long term.
In Silico Investigation of Mitragynine and 7-Hydroxymitragynine Metabolism
Authors: Limpanuparb Taweetham , Noorat Rattha , Tantirungrotechai Yuthana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Objective: Mitragynine is the main active compound of Mitragyna speciose (Kratom in Thai). The understanding of mitragynine derivative metabolism in human body is required to develop effective detection techniques in case of drug abuse or establish an appropriate dosage in case of medicinal uses. This in silico study is based upon in vivo results in rat and human by Philipp et al. (J. Mass Spectrom., 2009, 44, 1249.) Results: The gas-phase structures of mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine and their metabolites were obtained by quantum chemical method at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. Results in terms of standard Gibbs energies of reaction for all metabolic pathways are reported with solvation energy from SMD model. We found that 7-hydroxy substitution leads to changes in reactivity in comparison to mitragynine: position 17 is more reactive towards demethylation and conjugation to a glucuronide and position 9 is less reactive towards conjugation to a glucuronide. Despite the changes, position 9 is the most reactive for demethylation and position 17 is the most reactive for conjugation to a glucuronide for both mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Our results suggest that 7-hydroxy substitution could lead to different metabolic pathways and raise an important question for further experimental studies of this more potent derivative.
Challenges and barriers of Humanitarian Aid Management in 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Safarpour Hamid , Fooladlou Saeideh , Keykaleh Meysam Safi , Mousavipour Somayyeh , Pirani Davoud , Sahebi Ali , Ghodsi Hassan , Ashtiani Iman Farahi , Dehghani Arezoo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Examining various problems after disasters is important for affected people. One of the most important problems after disasters is the management of humanitarian aid and donations among the affected people. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore Challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid management in 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake.

Methods

This study was conducted using conventional qualitative content analysis method. This study was carried out from November 2017 to January 2018. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling and continued until the saturation of the data. Data collection and analysis phases of research proceed simultaneously and with constant comparison. 21 people, including 6 humanitarian aid manager, 6 volunteers, 4 aid workers, and 5 affected people participated in the study.

Results

The findings of this study identified two categories and 12 sub-categories concerning challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid and donors’ management during the 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake. During the analysis process two main categories included management and policy barriers, and structural and operational barriers were extracted.

Conclusions

Effective management and proper policies in relation to humanitarian aid and the modifying of structural and operational barriers can resulted in improve performance and effective humanitarian aid management.
Screening agents for controlling common root rot of wheat
Authors: Wei Xuejun , Xu Zihang , Zhang Na , Yang Wenxiang , Liu Daqun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Common root rot (CRR) of wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a serious soilborne fungal disease in wheat growing areas of the world. The toxicity of 8 agents against three pathogens, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Rhizoctonia cerealis, and Fusarium pseudograminearum, was first determined. Then, three agents, Celest, Dividend and Raxil, were screened for mixed-agent effects against B. sorokiniana.
Results: The EC50 of a 1:4 mixture of Celest and Dividend was 0.0372 mg/L, and the cotoxicity coefficient (CTC) was 160.14. The EC50 of a 1:4 mixture of Celest and Raxil was 0.0757 mg/L, and the CTC was 151.75. The results revealed the potential of two mixtures, Celest: Dividend (1:4) and Celest: Raxil (1:4), to protect wheat against B. sorokiniana. In the pot experiment, the best control effect, which was 49.85% and 32.22% at the seedling and adult stages, respectively, was achieved with Celest: Dividend (1:4). In the pot and field tests, the control effects of the two mixtures were better than those of the 3 single agents.
Conclusion: This result indicated that the combination of these agents could improve the efficacy of control of CRR.
The relationship of the shear wave elastography findings of patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation and clinical characteristics
Authors: wang qingyuan , zhang jinxin , zhang hanqi , zheng hui 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

The aim of this study was to find out whether the shear wave elastography (SWE) findings of patients with unilateral lumbar disc herniation (LDH)were related to clinical characteristics .

Methods

For this purpose,the study group included patients(N=20; 13 male, 7 female) with complaints of unilateral sciatica, with foraminal stenosis caused by one level of LDH (L4-L5 or L5-S1).An gender-and age-matched control group(N=27; 16 male, 11 female) was included.All the patients were examined on both the axial and longitudinal planes bilaterally at the same level using a convex array probe(4- 15MHz,Supersonic Shear Imaging).

Results

The sciatic nerve stiffness measured on longitudinal planes of the affected side(21.3 ± 4.1 kPA) was significantly higher than unaffected side (13.2 ± 2.1 kPA) in the patient group (p < 0.001).Meanwhile,the control group with mean value of 12.7±2.1 kPa(left) and 13.5±1.9kPa(right)showed significantly difference between the affected side(all P<0.05).

Furthermore,Longer duration of LDH symptoms got stiffer sciatic nerves.(r=0.60).Meanwhile,the symptom duration and VAS scores were also correlated(r=0.52,p=0.019),

Conclusion

According to these findings, ultrasound imaging can be considered a useful tool to detect changes in the sciatic nerve due to disc herniation. Patients with LDH have higher stiffness of the sciatic nerve compared to control group.And the longer history of the unilateral LDH,the higher of the SWE findings.This technique will have a promising prospect for many patients with unilateral LDH in monitoring stiffness during rehabilitation and before or after surgery.