bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Evolution of Pre-Flare Patterns of a 3-Dimensional Model of AR 11429
Authors: Korsós M. B. , Poedts S. , Gyenge N. , Georgoulis M. K. , Yu S. , Bisoi S. K. , Yan Y. , Ruderman M. S. , Erdélyi R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe apply a novel pre-flare tracking of sunspot groups towards improving the estimation of flare onset time by focusing on the evolution of the 3D magnetic field construction of AR 11429. The 3D magnetic structure is based on potential field extrapolation encompassing a vertical range from the photosphere through the chromosphere and transition region into the low corona. The basis of our proxy measure of activity prediction is the so-called weighted horizontal gradient of magnetic field (WGM) defined between spots of opposite polarities close to the polarity inversion line of an active region. The temporal variation of the distance of the barycenter of the opposite polarities is also found to possess potentially important diagnostic information about the flare onset time estimation as function of height similar to its counterpart introduced initially in an application at the photosphere only in Korsós et al. (2015). We apply the photospheric pre-flare behavioural patterns of sunspot groups to the evolution of their associated 3D-constructed AR 11429 as function of height. We found that at a certain height in the lower solar atmosphere the onset time may be estimated much earlier than at the photosphere or at any other heights. Therefore, we present a tool and recipe that may potentially identify the optimum height for flare prognostic in the solar atmosphere allowing to improve our flare prediction capability and capacity.
Spatial Inhomogeneity in Solar Faculae
Authors: Elek A. , Gyenge N. , Korsós M. B. , Erdélyi R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of solar faculae. The focus is on the latitudinal and longitudinal distributions of these highly localised features covering ubiquitously the solar surface. The statistical analysis is based on white light observations of the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) between 1996 and 2014. We found that the fine structure of the latitudinal distribution of faculae displays a quasi-biennial oscillatory pattern. Furthermore, the longitudinal distribution of photospheric solar faculae does not show homogeneous behaviour either. In particular, the non-axisymmetric behaviour of these events show similar properties as that of the active longitude (AL) found in the distribution of sunspots. Our results, preliminary though, may provide a valuable observational constrain for developing the next-generation solar dynamo model.
Variability of the Vertical Total Electron Content, from GPS data, during 2 to 8 November 2015, Using Oukaimeden and Rabat Stations in Morocco
Authors: El bouyahyaoui Khaoula , Bounhir Aziza , Benkhaldoun Zouhair , FLEURY Rolland , Amory-Mazaudier Christine , Kaab Mohamed 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work we present a method for detecting the activity of the ionosphere (TEC) and we illustrate the signature of the solar activity on the vertical total electron content VTEC, during 02 to 08 November 2015, using GPS measurements obtained from two stations in Morocco, the first one in Marrakech at Observatory of Oukaimeden OUCA (31°12′23.3″ N 7°51′58.8″ W), the second in Rabat, Rabt (33.9981°N;353.1457°E, geographic).
Challenges and Strategic Research Plans for Earth and Heliosphere: Research Infrastructures, Projects and Initiatives
Authors: Mann Ingrid , Kauristi Kirsti , Bamford Ruth , McCrea Ian , Moen Joeran , Oksavik Kjellmar , Yamauchi Masanori , Gullikstad Magnar Johnsen , Turunen Esa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe describe existing research infrastructures relevant for space weather and open issues of space weather research including the need for sustainable observation networks and for high-quality data products as basis for model development. The local relevance in Europe for studies of the ionosphere at high latitude is described. We propose as possible a way forward to sustain space weather research in Europe to establish a European research infrastructure project for space weather research and observations.
Dynamics of an Active Earthflow Inferred From Surface Wave Monitoring
Authors: Bertello Lara , Berti Matteo , Castellaro Silvia , Squarzoni Gabriela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEarthflows are clay‐rich, slow‐moving landslides subjected to periodic accelerations. During the stage of rapid movement, most earthflows exhibit a change in behavior from a solid to a fluid‐like state. Although this behavior has been extensively documented in the field, the mechanism leading to the rapid acceleration of earthflows is still poorly understood. Some studies suggest that earthflows essentially behave as Coulomb plastic solids, attributing the flow‐like appearance to distributed internal shearing; others believe that these landslides can be treated as viscous fluids, pointing out that the material undergoes a phase transition by increasing its moisture content. Minimal data are currently available to support these different findings. In this study, we present the results of periodic and continuous measurements of Rayleigh wave velocity carried out in an active earthflow located in the northern Apennines of Italy. Our data indicate that the material undergoes significant changes in shear stiffness and undrained strength during rapid movements. In particular, the material exhibits a substantial drop of Rayleigh wave velocity as the earthflow accelerates, followed by a slow return to predisturbance Rayleigh velocities as the landslide decelerates. Soon after a surge, the earthflow material is extremely soft and the estimated gravimetric water content is above the liquid limit. In the following months, the shear stiffness gradually increases and the water content decreases to the plastic limit following a nonlinear trend typical of a consolidation process. These data demonstrate that the earthflow transforms into a viscous fluid by softening of the material and by water entrainment.
Solar Wind Induced Waves in the Skies of Mars: Ionospheric Compression, Energization, and Escape Resulting From the Impact of Ultralow Frequency Magnetosonic Waves Generated Upstream of the Martian Bow Shock
Authors: Collinson Glyn , Wilson Lynn B. , Omidi Nick , Sibeck David , Espley Jared , Fowler Christopher M. , Mitchell David , Grebowsky Joseph , Mazelle Christian , Ruhunusiri Suranga , Halekas Jasper , Frahm Rudy , Zhang Tielong , Futaana Yoshifumi , Jakosky Bruce 
Published: July 2018

AbstractUsing data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mars Atmosphere and Voltatile EvolutioN and the European Space Agency Mars Express spacecraft, we show that transient phenomena in the foreshock and solar wind can directly inject energy into the ionosphere of Mars. We demonstrate that the impact of compressive ultralow frequency waves in the solar wind on the induced magnetospheres drive compressional, linearly polarized, magnetosonic ultralow frequency waves in the ionosphere, and a localized electromagnetic "ringing" at the local proton gyrofrequency. The pulsations heat and energize ionospheric plasmas. A preliminary survey of events shows that no special upstream conditions are required in the interplanetary magnetic field or solar wind. Elevated ion densities and temperatures in the solar wind near to Mars are consistent with the presence of an additional population of Martian ions, leading to ion‐ion instablities, associated wave‐particle interactions, and heating of the solar wind. The phenomenon was found to be seasonal, occurring when Mars is near perihelion. Finally, we present simultaneous multipoint observations of the phenomenon, with the Mars Express observing the waves upstream, and Mars Atmosphere and Voltatile EvolutioN observing the response in the ionosphere. When these new observations are combined with decades of previous studies, they collectively provide strong evidence for a previously undemonstrated atmospheric loss process at unmagnetized planets: ionospheric escape driven by the direct impact of transient phenomena from the foreshock and solar wind.
Late Permian Bimodal Volcanic Rocks in the Northern Qiangtang Terrane, Central Tibet: Evidence for Interaction Between the Emeishan Plume and the Paleo‐Tethyan Subduction System
Authors: Wang Jun , Wang Qiang , Zhang Chunfu , Dan Wei , Qi Yue , Zhang Xiu‐Zheng , Xia Xiao‐Ping 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMany studies provide compelling evidence for a fossil mantle plume beneath the Late Permian Emeishan large igneous province located near the southeastern margin of the central Tibetan Plateau, a region associated with the Paleo‐Tethyan subduction system. However, little is known about whether direct plume‐subduction interaction occurred during the Late Permian. Here we report geochronological, mineralogical, geochemical, and Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐O isotopic data for the Late Permian (~259–256 Ma) bimodal volcanic rocks (BVRs) in the northern Qiangtang Terrane (NQT), central Tibet. These BVRs consist mainly of basalts, rhyolites, and rhyolitic tuffs. The rhyolites with A‐type affinity were generated by partial melting of newly underplated basalts. Geochemical and isotopic data suggest that two components (ocean island basalt‐type mantle and subducted sediment‐derived fluid) were involved in the generation of the basalts in an extensional back‐arc region. Considering the Permian tectonic evolution of the NQT, we propose that this enriched ocean island basalt‐type mantle was distinct from the Paleo‐Tethyan depleted upper mantle. It most likely originated from Emeishan‐plume material that flowed westward from the South China Block to the nearby NQT, driven by slab rollback‐induced counterflow. The presence of high‐temperature A‐type rhyolites in bimodal back‐arc magmatism also indicates a special subduction setting influenced by a nearby plume. Thus, we propose that the Late Permian BVRs were the result of interaction between the Emeishan plume and the Paleo‐Tethyan subduction system.
MiR-361-3p regulates ERK1/2-induced EMT via DUSP2 mRNA degradation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hu Jisheng , Li Le , Chen Hongze , Zhang Guangquan , Liu Huan , Kong Rui , Chen Hua , Wang Yongwei , Li Yilong , Tian Fengyu , Lv Xinjian , Li Guanqun , Sun Bei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMetastasis remains one of the most intractable challenges in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) biology, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential to the epithelium-originated solid tumor metastasis cascade. Emerging evidence demonstrates that aberrant miRNA expression is involved in pancreatic cancer progression. We found that miR-361-3p was associated with an advanced stage of PDAC and poor prognosis. Hence, the effect of miR-361-3p on metastasis of PDAC cells was evaluated using Transwell assay and wound healing assay in vitro as well as orthotopic and liver metastasis pancreatic cancer models in vivo. Overexpression of miR-361-3p promoted pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro, and miR-361-3p-elevated PDAC cells were prone to generating metastatic nodules in vivo. However, miR-361-3p showed no significant effect on the proliferation of PDAC cells in vivo or in vitro. Further study demonstrated that miR-361-3p could enhance EMT and ERK pathway activation, and ERK inhibitor could attenuate miR-361-3p-induced EMT. Luciferase assays, qPCR, and western blot and Ago2 co-immunoprecipitation were performed to identify the direct target of miR-361-3p. Mechanistic investigations identified DUSP2 as a direct target of miR-361-3p, and DUSP2 was revealed to be involved in miR-361-3p-induced EMT by directly leading to the inactivation of the ERK pathway. Moreover, we found that miR-361-3p-induced EMT was dependent on Ago2, the core component of RNA-induced silencing complex, while enforced expression of Ago2 enhanced the miR-361-3p-induced effect by promoting interference efficacy and specificity rather than regulating miR-361-3p stability and biogenesis. Thus, this study revealed that miR-361-3p functions as an oncomiR for promoting metastasis and identified the miR-361-3p/DUSP2/ERK axis as a novel EMT axis dependent on Ago2 in PDAC.
A patient-derived xenograft pre-clinical trial reveals treatment responses and a resistance mechanism to karonudib in metastatic melanoma
Authors: Einarsdottir Berglind O. , Karlsson Joakim , Söderberg Elin M. V. , Lindberg Mattias F. , Funck-Brentano Elisa , Jespersen Henrik , Brynjolfsson Siggeir F. , Olofsson Bagge Roger , Carstam Louise , Scobie Martin , Koolmeister Tobias , Wallner Olof , Stierner Ulrika , Berglund Ulrika Warpman , Ny Lars , Nilsson Lisa M. , Larsson Erik , Helleday Thomas , Nilsson Jonas A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractKaronudib (TH1579) is a novel compound that exerts anti-tumor activities and has recently entered phase I clinical testing. The aim of this study was to conduct a pre-clinical trial in patient-derived xenografts to identify the possible biomarkers of response or resistance that could guide inclusion of patients suffering from metastatic melanoma in phase II clinical trials. Patient-derived xenografts from 31 melanoma patients with metastatic disease were treated with karonudib or a vehicle for 18 days. Treatment responses were followed by measuring tumor sizes, and the models were categorized in the response groups. Tumors were harvested and processed for RNA sequencing and protein analysis. To investigate the effect of karonudib on T-cell-mediated anti-tumor activities, tumor-infiltrating T cells were injected in mice carrying autologous tumors and the mice treated with karonudib. We show that karonudib has heterogeneous anti-tumor effect on metastatic melanoma. Thus, based on the treatment responses, we could divide the 31 patient-derived xenografts in three treatment groups: progression group (32%), suppression group (42%), and regression group (26%). Furthermore, we show that karonudib has anti-tumor effect, irrespective of major melanoma driver mutations. Also, we identify high expression of ABCB1, which codes for p-gp pumps as a resistance biomarker. Finally, we show that karonudib treatment does not hamper T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. These findings can be used to guide future use of karonudib in clinical use with a potential approach as precision medicine.
XAF1 forms a positive feedback loop with IRF-1 to drive apoptotic stress response and suppress tumorigenesis
Authors: Jeong Seong-In , Kim Jung-Wook , Ko Kyung-Phil , Ryu Byung-Kyu , Lee Min-Goo , Kim Hyo-Jong , Chi Sung-Gil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractX-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is a proapoptotic tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated in multiple human cancers. However, the molecular basis for the XAF1-mediated growth inhibition remains largely undefined. Here, we report that XAF1 forms a positive feedback loop with interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and functions as a transcriptional coactivator of IRF-1 to suppress tumorigenesis. Under various stressful conditions, XAF1 transcription is activated by IRF-1, and elevated XAF1 stabilizes and activates IRF-1. Mechanistically, XAF1 binds to the multifunctional domain 2 of IRF-1 via the zinc finger domain 6, thereby hindering C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) interaction with and ubiquitination of IRF-1. Activation of the IRF-1−XAF1 loop greatly increases stress-induced apoptosis and decreases the invasive capability of tumor cells. Oncogenic Ras and growth factors interfere with the IRF-1−XAF1 interplay via Erk-mediated repression of XAF1 transcription. Furthermore, XAF1 enhances IRF-1-mediated transcription of proapoptotic genes via the XAF1-IRF-1 complex formation on these target promoters. Meanwhile, XAF1 inhibits NF-κB-mediated tumor cell malignancy by reinforcing IRF-1 binding to a subset of coregulated promoters. Expression levels of IRF-1 and XAF1 correlate tightly in both cancer cell lines and primary tumors, and XAF1-induced tumor regression is markedly attenuated in IRF-1-depleted tumors. Collectively, this study identifies a novel mechanism of XAF1-mediated tumor suppression, uncovering XAF1 as a feedback coactivator of IRF-1 under stressful conditions.
Shutdown of ER-associated degradation pathway rescues functions of mutant iduronate 2-sulfatase linked to mucopolysaccharidosis type II
Authors: Osaki Yosuke , Saito Atsushi , Kanemoto Soshi , Kaneko Masayuki , Matsuhisa Koji , Asada Rie , Masaki Takao , Orii Kenji , Fukao Toshiyuki , Tomatsu Shunji , Imaizumi Kazunori 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is a devastating progressive disease caused by mutations in the iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) gene. IDS is one of the sulfatase enzymes required for lysosomal degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Mutant proteins linked to diseases are often prone to misfolding. These misfolded proteins accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are degraded by the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway (ER-associated degradation (ERAD)). The decreased enzyme activities of IDS mutants may be due to accelerated degradation by ERAD. However, intracellular dynamics including degradation of IDS mutants is unexplored. In this report, we examined biochemical and biological characteristics of wild-type (WT) IDS and IDS mutants expressed in HeLa cells. IDS was shown to be glycosylated in the ER and Golgi apparatus and proteolytically cleaved to generate the mature forms in the Golgi apparatus. The mature WT IDS was translocated to the lysosome. In contrast, all IDS mutants we examined were found to accumulate in the ER and could not efficiently translocate to the lysosome. Accumulated IDS mutants in the ER were ubiquitinated by ERAD-related ubiquitin E3 ligase HRD1 followed by degradation via ERAD. Suppressed degradation of ‘attenuated’ mutant A85T IDS (the late-onset form of MPS II) by inhibiting ERAD components improved translocation to the lysosome and its activities. Our novel findings provide alternative targets to current principal therapies for MPS II. These perspectives provide a potenti	al framework to develop fundamental therapeutic strategies and agents.
The actin cytoskeletal architecture of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells suppresses invasion
Authors: Padilla-Rodriguez Marco , Parker Sara S. , Adams Deanna G. , Westerling Thomas , Puleo Julieann I. , Watson Adam W. , Hill Samantha M. , Noon Muhammad , Gaudin Raphael , Aaron Jesse , Tong Daoqin , Roe Denise J. , Knudsen Beatrice , Mouneimne Ghassan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEstrogen promotes growth of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors. However, epidemiological studies examining the prognostic characteristics of breast cancer in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy reveal a significant decrease in tumor dissemination, suggesting that estrogen has potential protective effects against cancer cell invasion. Here, we show that estrogen suppresses invasion of ER+ breast cancer cells by increasing transcription of the Ena/VASP protein, EVL, which promotes the generation of suppressive cortical actin bundles that inhibit motility dynamics, and is crucial for the ER-mediated suppression of invasion in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, despite its benefits in suppressing tumor growth, anti-estrogenic endocrine therapy decreases EVL expression and increases local invasion in patients. Our results highlight the dichotomous effects of estrogen on tumor progression and suggest that, in contrast to its established role in promoting growth of ER+ tumors, estrogen has a significant role in suppressing invasion through actin cytoskeletal remodeling.
The must-have and nice-to-have experimental and computational requirements for functional frequency doubling deep-UV crystals
Authors: Halasyamani P. Shiv , Rondinelli James M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInorganic materials exhibiting second-harmonic generation (SHG) are used to generate coherent radiation at wavelengths where solid-state laser sources are not available; that is, the deep UV (DUV) below 200 nm. Here, we describe the structure and optical property requirements that should be assessed to conclusively demonstrate the discovery of a functional DUV material for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications.
Genetic dissection of clonal lineage relationships with hydroxytamoxifen liposomes
Authors: Ransom Ryan C. , Foster Deshka S. , Salhotra Ankit , Jones Ruth Ellen , Marshall Clement D. , Leavitt Tripp , Murphy Matthew P. , Moore Alessandra L. , Blackshear Charles P. , Brett Elizabeth A. , Wan Derrick C. , Longaker Michael T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTargeted genetic dissection of tissues to identify precise cell populations has vast biological and therapeutic applications. Here we develop an approach, through the packaging and delivery of 4-hydroxytamoxifen liposomes (LiTMX), that enables localized induction of CreERT2 recombinase in mice. Our method permits precise, in vivo, tissue-specific clonal analysis with both spatial and temporal control. This technology is effective using mice with both specific and ubiquitous Cre drivers in a variety of tissue types, under conditions of homeostasis and post-injury repair, and is highly efficient for lineage tracing and genetic analysis. This methodology is directly and immediately applicable to the developmental biology, stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, and cancer biology fields.
Discovery and control of culturable and viable but non-culturable cells of a distinctive Lactobacillus harbinensis strain from spoiled beer
Authors: Liu Junyan , Deng Yang , Li Lin , Li Bing , Li Yanyan , Zhou Shishui , Shirtliff Mark E. , Xu Zhenbo , Peters Brian M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOccasional beer spoilage incidents caused by false-negative isolation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, result in significant profit loss and pose a major concern in the brewing industry. In this study, both culturable and VBNC cells of an individual Lactobacillus harbinensis strain BM-LH14723 were identified in one spoiled beer sample by genome sequencing, with the induction and resuscitation of VBNC state for this strain further investigated. Formation of the VBNC state was triggered by low-temperature storage in beer (175 ± 1.4 days) and beer subculturing (25 ± 0.8 subcultures), respectively, and identified by both traditional staining method and PMA-PCR. Resuscitated cells from the VBNC state were obtained by addition of catalase rather than temperature upshift, changing medium concentration, and adding other chemicals, and both VBNC and resuscitated cells retained similar beer-spoilage capability as exponentially growing cells. In addition to the first identification of both culturable and VBNC cells of an individual L. harbinensis strain from spoiled beer, this study also for the first time reported the VBNC induction and resuscitation, as well as verification of beer-spoilage capability of VBNC and resuscitated cells for the L. harbinensis strain. Genes in association with VBNC state were also identified by the first genome sequencing of beer spoilage L. harbinensis. The results derived from this study suggested the contamination and spoilage of beer products by VBNC and resuscitated L. harbinensis strain BM-LH14723.