bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of drying methods on drying efficiency and physicochemical quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cultivated in China
Authors: Wang Hua , Zhao Qingsheng , Zhao Bing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOkra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is difficult to preserve after harvest. If not properly dried, because of its high moisture content, which will reduce the product value of okra and the value of nutrition. In this study, the effects of vacuum freeze‐drying (VFD), ultrasonic pretreatment assisted vacuum drying (UPVD), and ultrasonic combined vacuum drying (UCVD) are compared and analyzed in terms of the drying characteristics effects and the physicochemical qualities of okra were studied. Compared with the drying curve and drying rate curve of okra dried by VFD, the drying time of okra dried by UCVD and UPVD was significantly reduced by 53.3% and 20.0%, respectively, and the total energy consumption of okra dried by UCVD and UPVD was saved by 21.8% and18.9%, respectively. The samples of UCVD had a higher b (yellowness), which keeps the original green color of Okra. The shrinkage ratio of samples dried by UPVD and UCVD had a significant difference (p < .05), and was 27.0% and 26.1%, respectively higher than that of samples dried by VFD. The rehydration curve of VFD sample was higher than that of other samples at 25°C, and was the same as that of UCVD samples for 12 min at 100°C. The total phenolic content of okra sample dried by UCVD was 7.7 ± 0.14 mg/g, higher than others samples. Since polyphenols have good antioxidant activity, the ABTS radical‐scavenging ability of UCVD samples was slightly higher than the other two samples, and the FRAP value of UCVD samples was significantly (p < .05) higher than the other two samples. SEM images of UCVD samples further confirmed the channeling effect caused by ultrasonic irradiation, which also confirmed the reliability of the above data in structure. Considering cost‐effectiveness, practicability and scale‐up, UCVD is a promising technology in the production of dried Okra.Practical applicationUltrasonic combined vacuum drying (UCVD) is a novel technology for the food industry to reduce the energy consumption and improve food quality. Okra drying with UCVD can be successfully described by the Logarithmic model. The UCVD can significantly shorten the drying time and reduce the energy consumption of vegetables compared to the vacuum freeze drying. The products dried by UCVD retain various functional components of raw materials. Because of potential health, economic, and ecological benefits for the society, the UCVD is a promising technology in the production of Okra.
Capnography monitoring of non‐anesthesiologist provided sedation during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement: A prospective, controlled, randomized trial
Authors: Peveling‐Oberhag Jan , Michael Florian , Tal Andrea , Welsch Christoph , Vermehren Johannes , Farnik Harald , Grammatikos Georgios , Lange Christian , Walter Dirk , Blumenstein Irina , Filmann Natalie , Herrmann Eva , Albert Jörg , Zeuzem Stefan , Bojunga Jörg , Friedrich‐Rust Mireen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimA number of studies were able to show a reduction of hypoxemia episodes during procedural sedation through the use of capnography (CA). The present study investigates the number of episodes of hypoxemia during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement with propofol sedation comparing standard monitoring (SM) versus SM with additional CA surveillance.MethodsIn this single center randomized controlled trial, 150 patients were prospectively randomized 1:1 in either the SM group or the CA group after stratification for ASA class, PEG method (push or pull method), presence of head and neck tumor, and tracheostomy. CA analysis was performed for all patients but was blinded for the endoscopic team in the SM group.ResultsIn the SM group, 57% episodes of hypoxemia (SpO2 < 90% for > 15 s) and 41% episodes of severe hypoxemia (SpO2 < 85% for > 15 s) were observed in comparison with 28% and 20% in the CA group, respectively. Odds ratios for hypoxemia and severe hypoxemia were 0.29 (confidence interval 0.15–0.57; P = 0.0005) and 0.35 (confidence interval 0.17–0.73; P = 0.008) in favor of the CA group. On average, CA was able to detect imminent mild and severe hypoxemia 83 and 99 s before standard monitoring. Standard monitoring represented an independent risk factor for hypoxemia and severe hypoxemia.ConclusionsRespiratory complications of sedation during PEG placement are frequent events. CA is able to detect imminent hypoxemia at an early time point. This allows an early intervention and consecutively the avoidance of mild and severe hypoxemia. Therefore, CA monitoring can be recommended particularly during PEG insertion procedures.
Using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt as the first‐line therapy in secondary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Shi Qin , Xiao Shuping , Zhou Chen , Zhou Binqian , Yuan Feng , Zheng Chuansheng , Lin Shan , Qian Kun , Feng Gansheng , Xiong Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aims to evaluate and compare the survival and other portal hypertension‐related complications of patients with portal pressure gradient (PPG) ≥ 25 mmHg using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) as the first‐line and second‐line therapies in secondary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage.MethodsFifty patients diagnosed with liver cirrhosis were enrolled in this retrospective study, with 35 of whom received TIPS as the first‐line therapy in secondary prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage and 15 of whom as second‐line treatment. We observed and analyzed the survival, occurrence of variceal rebleeding and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) of patients in the two groups during the follow up.ResultsThe technical success rate was 100%. In a median follow‐up time of 12 (1–37) and 15 (2–27) months, respectively, significant statistical difference was observed between the first‐line group and the second‐line group concerning cumulative survival rate (94.3% vs 66.7%, log–rank P = 0.01). But that was not the case when it comes to the cumulative rate of variceal rebleeding (8.6% vs 26.7%, log–rank P = 0.164) and HE (22.9% vs 20.0%, log–rank P = 0.793). And multivariate analysis indicated that group assignment (hazard ratio = 8.250, 95% confidence interval = 1.383–49.213, P = 0.021) was the only predictor of survival. Interestingly, we found that spleen diameter (hazard ratio = 0.578, 95% confidence interval = 0.393–0.849, P = 0.005) could be regarded as independent predictor of the occurrence of HE.ConclusionsFor patients with PPG ≥ 25 mmHg who have recovered from an episode of acute esophageal variceal hemorrhage, utilizing TIPS as the first‐line therapy to prevent rebleeding is demonstrated effective in improving the survival and therefore should be recommended to a wider range of clinical practice.
Identification of circular RNA–microRNA–messenger RNA regulatory network in hepatocellular carcinoma by integrated analysis
Authors: Sun Xiangjun , Ge Xinfeng , Xu Zhiyong , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common types of hepatic malignancies. This study aimed to better understand the pathogenesis of HCC and may help facilitate the improvement of the diagnostic of HCC.MethodsThe mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of HCC, which was retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the circRNA expression profiles of HCC, which was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus database, were included in this study to perform an integrated analysis. The differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) were identified, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) (DEcircRNA–DEmiRNA–DEmRNA) regulatory network was conducted. Functional annotation of host gene of DEcircRNAs and DEmRNAs in ceRNA regulatory network was performed. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction validation of the expression of the selected DEmRNAs, DEmiRNAs, and DEcircRNAs was performed.ResultsA total of 2982 DEmRNAs, 144 DEmiRNAs, and 264 DEcircRNAs were obtained. The ceRNA network contained 61 circRNA–miRNA pairs and 1149 miRNA–mRNA pairs, including 48 circRNAs, 30 miRNAs, and 1149 mRNAs. Functional annotation of DEmRNAs in ceRNA regulatory network revealed that these DEmRNAs were significantly enriched in tryptophan metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and pathways in cancer. Except for ARNT2 and hsa‐miR‐214‐3p, expression of the others in the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction results was consistent with that in our integrated analysis, generally.ConclusionWe speculate that hsa_circRNA_104268/hsa‐miR‐214‐3p/E2F2, hsa_circRNA_104168/hsa‐miR‐139‐5p/HRAS, and hsa_circRNA_104769/hsa‐miR‐93‐5p/JUN interaction pairs may play a vital role in HCC. This study expected to provide a novel insight into the pathogenesis and therapy of HCC from the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network view.
Leadership in the Mold of Jesus: Growing the Church and Saving the Nation in Neo‐Pentecostal Guatemala City
Authors: Reu Tobias 
Published: June 2019

ResumenBasado en observaciones etnográficas en una de las principales megaiglesias de Guatemala, este artículo describe el impacto cultural que el concepto cristiano de “liderazgo” ejerce sobre las actitudes que los creyentes neopentecostales desarrollan hacia la sociedad como miembros de sus comunidades religiosas. Las organizaciones evangélicas promueven el liderazgo como remedio para los problemas que aquejan al mundo, los cuales, para los residentes de la capital guatemalteca, incluyen niveles extremos de violencia y criminalidad. Asimismo, liderazgo constituye un componente principal del modelo celular, una estrategia de crecimiento comúnmente utilizada por iglesias neopentecostales. Este artículo argumenta que, en Guatemala, el liderazgo cristiano y el modelo celular proporcionan una infraestructura conceptual y pragmática para una práctica de ciudadanía específicamente evangélica. Al llamar a los creyentes a comprometerse con el mundo afuera de sus congregaciones, esta práctica matiza el individualismo que estudiosos de las ciencias sociales suelen encontrar en la fe evangélica. [ciudadanía, neopentecostalismo, liderazgo, democracia, Guatemala]
Implementing CenteringPregnancy Group Prenatal Care for Minority Women Living with HIV at an Urban University Hospital
Authors: Potter JoNell E. , Duthely Lunthita M. , Diaz‐Mendez Nelly , Smith Lindsay , Messick Barbara J. , Echenique Maria , Galli Johnny , Yasin Salih , Villar‐Loubet Olga 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionPregnant women with HIV require sustained education and support throughout pregnancy to achieve healthy perinatal outcomes. To enhance prenatal care for women with HIV, the Prenatal Immunology Service at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine adapted the Centering Healthcare Institute's CenteringPregnancy curriculum to include HIV content. Nurse‐midwives introduced the curriculum in a pilot project to learn if women would enroll in group prenatal care. A retrospective record review was conducted to evaluate perinatal outcomes among women with HIV who received prenatal care in a group setting.MethodsData were collected from the electronic health records of women with HIV who received either CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care or traditional prenatal care between March 2015 and July 2016. Sociodemographic factors, HIV immune markers, and pregnancy and birth outcomes were reviewed. Univariate and bivariate statistics and multiple regression models assessed differences between women in CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care compared with women with HIV in traditional care.ResultsAmong women with HIV who received prenatal care during the pilot project, 128 met eligibility criteria for review. Perinatal outcomes were analyzed for 117 women who had a live birth; of these, 14 participated in CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care, and 103 received traditional care. Demographic profiles were similar in both groups. No significant differences in perinatal outcomes were observed among women in CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care compared with women with HIV in traditional prenatal care.DiscussionWomen with HIV can often feel stigmatized and isolated. Group prenatal care can foster patient engagement, self‐management, and social support to improve adherence to antiretroviral and other health regimens that promote healthy outcomes for both woman and newborn. Although results of this pilot study were not statistically significant, they show that CenteringPregnancy‐HIV group prenatal care may be an option for women with HIV, but the benefits need further exploration in larger studies.
Disclosure in Cystic Fibrosis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Werner Shirli , Halpern Ayana , Kurz Shifra , Rosenne Hadas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study examined disclosure strategies in cystic fibrosis (CF) and their psychosocial implications for adults. Disclosure styles were examined based on Corrigan and Lundin's (2001) model. In‐depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 42 individuals diagnosed with CF from two CF clinics in Israel. Disclosure of CF is complex and involves multiple strategies. Two main themes regarding disclosure presented here are: (a) disclosure styles and their psychosocial implications, and (b) perceptions of the differences between previous and current disclosure styles. Of disclosure styles suggested by Corrigan and Lundin (2001), most participants were found to resort to secrecy, selective disclosure, and indiscriminate disclosure and very few resorted to avoidance or broadcasting. Disclosure was also dynamic, and individuals changed their disclosure styles during various stages of life and situations, in consideration of its benefits and costs. Decisions regarding whether and to what extent to disclose the illness were based on two processes: weighing the benefits and costs of disclosure and owning the decision to disclose. Professionals should partner with the patients to understand patients’ disclosure decisions and support them. Formal and informal support may assist individuals in making these decisions, helping them become aware of benefits and costs.
Interaction of Photoprotective and Acclimation Mechanisms in Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) in Response to Diurnal Changes in Solar Radiation in Southern Chile
Authors: Cruces Edgardo , Rautenberger Ralf , Cubillos Víctor Mauricio , Ramírez‐Kushel Eduardo , Rojas‐Lillo Yesenia , Lara Carlos , Montory Jaime Andrés , Gómez Iván 
Published: June 2019

Species of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) are regarded as opportunistic organisms, which efficiently adjust their metabolism to the prevailing environmental conditions. In this study, changes in chlorophyll‐a fluorescence‐based photoinhibition of photosynthesis, electron transport rates, photosynthetic pigments, lipid peroxidation, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant metabolism were investigated during a diurnal cycle of natural solar radiation in summer (for 12 h) under two treatments: photosynthetically active radiation (PAR: 400–700 nm) and PAR+ ultraviolet (UV) radiation (280–700 nm). In the presence of PAR alone, Ulva rigida showed dynamic photoinhibition, and photosynthetic parameters and pigment concentrations decreased with the intensification of the radiation. On the other hand, under PAR+UV conditions a substantial decline up to 43% was detected and an incomplete fluorescence recovery, also, P‐I curve values remained low in relation to the initial condition. The phenolic compounds increased their concentration only in UV radiation treatments without showing a correlation with the antioxidant activity. The enzimatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased over 2‐fold respect at initial values during the onset of light intensity. In contrast, catalase (CAT) increased its activity rapidly in response to the radiation stress to reach maxima at 10 a.m. and decreasing during solar. The present study suggests that U. rigida is capable of acclimating to natural radiation stress relies on a concerted action of various physiological mechanisms that act at different times of the day and under different levels of environmental stress.
Regional rainfall and local topography jointly drive tree community assembly in lowland tropical forests of New Caledonia
Authors: Blanchard Grégoire , Munoz François , Ibanez Thomas , Hequet Vanessa , Vandrot Hervé , Girardi Jérémy , Birnbaum Philippe 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo understand how variations in precipitation and topographic wetness influence tree community assembly at both regional and landscape scales in tropical forests.LocationNew Caledonia (SW Pacific).MethodsWe sampled 40 tree communities in 0.04‐ha plots laid along topographic gradients within two landscapes with contrasting precipitation. Within a dry (<1,400 mm/year) and a wet (>2,500 mm/year) landscape we used the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) to sample communities in topographic position with low (e.g., ridges) and high (e.g., valleys) water accumulation. For each sampled species, we measured five functional traits involved in drought resistance and resource acquisition (wood density, leaf area, leaf specific area, leaf dry matter content, and leaf thickness). We first examined trait covariation across species. We then analysed how the functional composition of communities varied between landscapes (according to precipitation) and within landscapes (according to TWI), using trait‐based statistics and null models.ResultsWe identified two ecological trade‐offs driving trait variation across species: (i) one opposing high hydraulic efficiency to drought resistance, related to a wood economic spectrum; and (ii) the other opposing resource acquisition to resource conservation, related to a leaf economic spectrum. Across landscapes, species with drought resistance strategies were favoured at lower precipitation. Within landscapes, drought resistant species were selected under low TWI in the dry landscape, while low TWI increased the abundance of species with conservative strategies in the wet landscape.ConclusionsPrecipitation and topography jointly shape the functional composition of tree communities. At low precipitation, hydric constraints prevailed on ridges and upslopes by filtering drought resistant strategies along the wood economic spectrum. Contrastingly, higher precipitation relaxed the hydric constraints and resource availability became a primary driver of changing strategies along the leaf economic spectrum. Thus, the landscape scale influence of topography on processes driving community assembly and functional composition critically depends on the regional climatic context.
(U‐Th)/He zircon dating of Chesapeake Bay distal impact ejecta from ODP site 1073
Authors: Biren M. B. , Wartho J.‐A. , VAN Soest M. C. , Hodges K. V. , Cathey H. , Glass B. P. , Koeberl C. , Horton J. W. , Hale W. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSingle crystal (U‐Th)/He dating has been undertaken on 21 detrital zircon grains extracted from a core sample from Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) site 1073, which is located ~390 km northeast of the center of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. Optical and electron imaging in combination with energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDS) of zircon grains from this late Eocene sediment shows clear evidence of shock metamorphism in some zircon grains, which suggests that these shocked zircon crystals are distal ejecta from the formation of the ~40 km diameter Chesapeake Bay impact structure. (U‐Th/He) dates for zircon crystals from this sediment range from 33.49 ± 0.94 to 305.1 ± 8.6 Ma (2σ), implying crystal‐to‐crystal variability in the degree of impact‐related resetting of (U‐Th)/He systematics and a range of different possible sources. The two youngest zircon grains yield an inverse‐variance weighted mean (U‐Th)/He age of 33.99 ± 0.71 Ma (2σ uncertainties n = 2; mean square weighted deviation = 2.6; probability [P] = 11%), which is interpreted to be the (U‐Th)/He age of formation of the Chesapeake Bay impact structure. This age is in agreement with K/Ar, 40Ar/39Ar, and fission track dates for tektites from the North American strewn field, which have been interpreted as associated with the Chesapeake Bay impact event.
Predictors of breast milk substitute feeding among newborns in delivery facilities in urban Cambodia and Nepal
Authors: Champeny Mary , Pries Alissa M. , Hou Kroeun , Adhikary Indu , Zehner Elizabeth , Huffman Sandra L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroducing breast milk substitutes (BMS) in the first days after birth can increase infant morbidity and reduce duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding. This study assessed determinants of BMS feeding among newborns in delivery facilities in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Cross‐sectional surveys were conducted among mothers upon discharge from health facilities after delivery: 304 mothers in Kathmandu Valley and 306 mothers in Phnom Penh participated. On the basis of a conceptual framework for prelacteal feeding, multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with BMS feeding prior to facility discharge. In both Phnom Penh and Kathmandu Valley, feeds of BMS were reported by over half of mothers (56.9% and 55.9%, respectively). Receiving a health professional's recommendation to use BMS increased the odds of BMS feeding in both Kathmandu Valley and Phnom Penh (odds ratio: 24.87; confidence interval [6.05, 102.29]; odds ratio: 2.42; CI [1.20, 4.91], respectively). In Kathmandu Valley, recommendations from friends/family and caesarean delivery were also associated with BMS use among mothers. Early initiation of breastfeeding and higher parity were protective against the use of BMS in Kathmandu Valley. Breastfeeding support from a health professional lowered the odds of BMS feeding among newborns. Exposure to BMS promotions outside the health system was prevalent in Phnom Penh (84.6%) and Kathmandu Valley (27.0%) but was not associated with BMS feeds among newborns. Establishment of successful breastfeeding should be prioritized before discharging mothers from delivery facilities, and health professionals should be equipped to support and encourage breastfeeding among all new mothers.