bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Intercomparison of GCM and RCM Dynamical Downscaling for Characterizing the Hydroclimatology of California and Nevada
Authors: Xu Zexuan , Rhoades Alan M. , Johansen Hans , Ullrich Paul A. , Collins William D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDynamical downscaling is a widely used technique to properly capture regional surface heterogeneities that shape the local hydroclimatology. However, in the context of dynamical downscaling, the impacts on simulation fidelity have not been comprehensively evaluated across many user-specified factors, including the refinements of model horizontal resolution, large-scale forcing datasets, and dynamical cores. Two global-to-regional downscaling methods are used to assess these: specifically, the variable-resolution Community Earth System Model (VR-CESM) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with horizontal resolutions of 28, 14, and 7 km. The modeling strategies are assessed by comparing the VR-CESM and WRF simulations with consistent physical parameterizations and grid domains. Two groups of WRF Models are driven by either the NCEP reanalysis dataset (WRF_NCEP) or VR-CESM7 results (WRF_VRCESM) to evaluate the effects of large-scale forcing datasets. The simulated hydroclimatologies are compared with reference datasets for key properties including total precipitation, snow cover, snow water equivalent (SWE), and surface temperature. The large-scale forcing datasets are critical to the WRF simulations of total precipitation but not surface temperature, controlled by the wind field and atmospheric moisture transport at the ocean boundary. No significant benefit is found in the regional average simulated hydroclimatology by increasing horizontal resolution refinement from 28 to 7 km, probably due to the systematic biases from the diagnostic treatment of rainfall and snowfall in the microphysics scheme. The choice of dynamical core has little impact on total precipitation but significantly determines simulated surface temperature, which is affected by the snow-albedo feedback in winter and soil moisture estimations in summer.
Competition in Indian Banking Sector Since 1990s
Authors: Sengupta Atanu , De Sanjoy 
Published: August 2018

In this article, we have estimated the degree of competition in Indian banking sector for the period 1992–2012, as well as in the two sub-periods 1992–2001 and 2002–2012. From our study, we have found that, like the majority of the banking sectors in the developed countries, Indian banking sector also operated under monopolistic competition. Further, the level of competition increased in phase two vis-à-vis phase one for the banking system as a whole as well as for all categories of banks. Liberalisation push, wide usage of technology and introduction of new age private sector banks have enhanced competition in the banking space. JEL Classification: G21, D41, C33
Citizenship in the Global South: Policing Irregular Migrants and Eroding Citizenship Rights in Mexico
Authors: Sarabia Heidy 
Published: August 2018

Research on the consequences of being an undocumented migrant has focused mostly on the experiences of migrants in the Global North. Examination of experiences in Mexico reveals the export by the United States of a transnational regime of illegality that has transformed the citizenship rights of Mexican migrants in their own territory. La investigación sobre las consecuencias de ser un migrante indocumentado se ha centrado principalmente en las experiencias de los migrantes en el Norte Global. El examen de las experiencias en México revela la exportación por los Estados Unidos de un régimen transnacional de ilegalidad que ha transformado los derechos de ciudadanía de los migrantes mexicanos en su propio territorio.
Perfusion-sensitive parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion MRI in rectal cancer: evaluation of reproducibility and correlation with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
Authors: Yang Xinyue , Xiao Xiaojuan , Lu Baolan , Chen Yan , Wen Ziqiang , Yu Shenping 
Published: August 2018

Background Intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging (IVIM-MRI) acquires tumor perfusion information without injection of contrast medium, which is promising in tumor assessment. However, its consistency with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), a more widely used method for tumor perfusion evaluation, is not revealed in rectal cancer. Purpose In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation of perfusion-sensitive parameters derived from IVIM-MRI with DCE-MRI and measurement reproducibility of IVIM-MRI parameters in rectal cancer. Material and Methods Forty-seven rectal cancer patients underwent IVIM-MRI with 16 b-values and DCE-MRI. The perfusion fraction ( f), pseudo-diffusion coefficient ( D*), and f· D* were measured by two radiologists independently and correlated with the transfer constant ( Ktrans), reflux constant ( kep), and extravascular extracellular fractional volume ( ve) obtained from DCE-MRI. Results Pearson’s correlation analyses of IVIM-MRI and DCE-MRI parameters showed fair to moderate correlation between f and Ktrans ( r = 0.461, P = 0.001), followed by f and kep ( r = 0.430, P = 0.003), f·D*, and Ktrans ( r = 0.425, P = 0.003), f·D*, and kep ( r = 0.384, P = 0.008). There was no significant correlation between ve and f, ve and D*, ve and f· D*, D* and Ktrans, and D* and kep. The reproducibility of IVIM-MRI measurements was moderate. For parameter f, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.71 (0.53–0.82), coefficient of variation (CV) = 13.05 ± 0.02%, limit of agreement (LoA) = −0.05–0.04; for parameter D*, ICC = 0.55 (0.32–0.72), CV = 20.28 ± 3.23%, LoA = −9.6–8.4. Conclusion Perfusion-sensitive parameters derived from IVIM-MRI correlated fairly to moderately with DCE-MRI in rectal cancer patients and showed moderate measurement reproducibility. IVIM-MRI supplements routine high-resolution MRI without contrast enhancement to provide information of tumor microcirculation.
Baseline neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and platelet–lymphocyte ratio in rectal cancer patients following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kim Tae Gyu , Park Won , Kim Hakyoung , Choi Doo Ho , Park Hee Chul , Kim Seok-Hyung , Cho Yong Beom , Yun Seong Hyen , Kim Hee Cheol , Lee Woo Yong , Lee Jeeyun , Kang Ki Mun 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: There is uncertainty over the effect of systemic inflammatory response on oncologic outcomes in patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery for rectal cancer. We investigated the association between neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as markers of systemic inflammation and tumor response and prognosis after treatment. Methods: A total of 176 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and curative surgery for rectal cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Pretreatment hematologic parameters and the main clinical factors for patients and tumors were investigated with respect to their relationship with tumor regression and survival. Results: In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, NLR 2.0 and PLR 133.4 had the highest sensitivity and specificity in predicting tumor response. NLR <2.0 and PLR <133.4 were significantly correlated with good tumor response (odds ratio [OR] 2.490, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.264–4.904, p = .008; OR 3.009, 95% CI 1.477–6.127, p < .001). Patients with NLR <2.0 had significantly better 5-year disease-free survival rate and overall survival rate compared to patients with NLR ⩾2.0 in multivariate analysis (86.8% vs 70.7%, p = .014; 92.4% vs 71.9%, p = .027). Conclusions: Elevated NLR and PLR levels can be considered as predictors of poor pathologic response, and NLR can be considered a prognosticator in patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.
Long-term disability after stroke in Iran: Evidence from the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study
Authors: Farzadfard Mohammad Taghi , Sheikh Andalibi Mohammad Sobhan , Thrift Amanda G , Morovatdar Negar , Stranges Saverio , Amiri Amin , Kapral Moira K , Behrouz Reza , Juibary Ali Ghabeli , Mokhber Naghmeh , Azarpazhooh Mahmoud Reza 
Published: August 2018

Background Accurate information about disability rate after stroke remains largely unclear in many countries. Population-based studies are necessary to estimate the rate and determinants of disability after stroke. Methods Patients were recruited from the Mashhad Stroke Incidence Study and followed for five years after their index event. Disability was measured using the modified Rankin scale and functional dependency was measured using the Barthel index. Results Among 684 patients registered in this study, 624 were first-ever strokes. In total, 69.0% (n = 409) of patients either died or remained disabled at five-year follow-up. Among the first-ever stroke survivors, 18.5% (n = 69) at one year and 15.9% (n = 31) at five years required major assistance in their daily activities. Patients with a history of stroke (before the study period) compared with first-ever strokes were more likely to be disabled at one year (modified Rankin scale>2 in 40.0% vs. 19.1%; P < 0.001). Advanced age, severity of stroke at the time of admission, diabetes mellitus, and educational level (<12 years) were independently associated with greater disability and functional dependency. Conclusion We found that significant disability and functional dependency after stroke in Northeast Iran were largely attributable to the effects of stroke severity and prior dependency.
Lectotypification of the name Dillenia indica (Dilleniaceae)
Authors: Husain Danish , Agnihotri Priyanka , Srivastava Abhai K. , Singh Harsh , Singh Khuraijam Jibankumar , Katiyar Pushpendra , Husain Tariq 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe show that the prior designation of two plates from Rheede’s HortusMalabaricus as the type ofDillenia indica does not constitute valid lectotypification. Therefore, one of the two illustrations published by Rheede is designated as the lectotype.
Similarity Analysis of Projectile Penetration into Concrete
Authors: Huang Meng , Ou Zhuo-Cheng , Tong Yi , Duan Zhuo-Ping , Huang Feng-Lei 
Published: August 2018

<p><span style="font-size: 10px;">This paper presents a dimensionless model for the depth of penetration (DOP) of a projectile penetrating into a concrete target, based on the similarity theory involving intermediate asymptotics, complete similarity, and incomplete similarity. The calculated numerical results are in good agreement with previous experimental data, including two sets of full-scale and twenty-four sets of sub-scale penetration of non-deformable projectiles into concrete targets. Moreover, compared with several empirical and semi-empirical DOP models, the new model is applicable within a relatively broader range, including the penetration of both sub-scale and full-scale projectiles. For the limitations of the validity, dimensionless parameters </span><em style="font-size: 10px;">Π</em><sub>3 </sub><span style="font-size: 10px;">= </span><em style="font-size: 10px;">ϕ<sub>t</sub></em><span style="font-size: 10px;">/</span><em style="font-size: 10px;">ϕ </em><span style="font-size: 10px;">larger than 12, </span><em style="font-size: 10px;">Π</em><sub>4 </sub><span style="font-size: 10px;">= (</span><em style="font-size: 10px;">ϕ</em><sup>3</sup><em style="font-size: 10px;">f<sub>c</sub></em><span style="font-size: 10px;">)/(</span><em style="font-size: 10px;">Mv</em><sub>0</sub><sup>2</sup><span style="font-size: 10px;">) smaller than 0.1, and the initial impact velocity of the projectile less than about 900 to 1000m/s are necessary for the model.</span></p>
Implementation of Heat Maps in Geographical Information System – Exploratory Study on Traffic Accident Data
Authors: Netek Rostislav , Pour Tomas , Slezakova Renata 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In this study, the authors created an overview of the usage of heat maps as a GIS visualization method. In the first part of the paper, a significant number of studies was evaluated, and the technique was thoroughly described to set up a base level for further research. At this moment, the most used input data for heat maps are point data. While these data fit the method very well, also studies based on line and polygon data were found. The second part of the paper is devoted to an exploratory study on traffic accident data of the Olomouc city, Czech Republic. Even spatial distribution of the dataset by geographical information system makes it the perfect example of heat map usage. These data were visualized in multiple ways changing color range, kernel size, radius, and transparency. Two groups of users were created in order to evaluate these heat maps. One group was consisting of those educated or working in cartography. The second one was consisting of the general public. Created heat maps were shown to these volunteers and their task was to decide their preferred solution. Most of the users chose bright colors with a negative feeling, such as red, for traffic accident visualization. The best settings for transparency was identified to be around 50%. The final questions were about map readability based on radius. This setting is tied to map scale but follows a common trend throughout the research. The results of this work are a general set of recommendations and specific evaluation of the exploratory study regarding traffic accidents spatial data. The general recommendations include basic principles of the method, implementation by GIS, suitable data and correct usage of heat maps. The evaluation is answering specific questions regarding heat map settings, style and presentation in the specific case.
Gynecological problems among adolescent girls in a tertiary care centre of South Andaman district
Authors: Pegu Bhabani , Gaur Bhanu Pratap Singh , Yadav Anita , Yadav Vikas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundGynecological problems of adolescents occupy a special space in the spectrum of gynecological disorders because they are often different from the conditions that affect adult women. The objective of study was to determine the different gynecological problems in adolescent girls attending outpatient departments.MethodsAdolescent girls of age 10–19 years were included in this study. Various gynecological problems were evaluated by detailed history taking and thorough clinical examination. Investigations like haemogram, coagulation profile, hormonal assays and ultrasonography were done wherever indicated. Descriptive analysis was done and results are expressed in terms of percentage.ResultsA total of 824 (8.33%) adolescent girls attended the gynecology outdoor patient department (GOPD) during the study period. Menstrual disorders (67.11%) were the commonest complaint, followed by vaginal discharge (18.68%) and UTI (9.8%). Menstrual disorders varied from irregular menstruation (55.15%), dysmenorrhea (30.74%) and amenorrhea (14.10%). Dysfunctional uterine bleeding was the commonest cause of menstrual irregularity followed by polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). Teenage pregnancy (0.84%) and ovarian tumor (0.60%) was found in a few cases.ConclusionAdolescent girls’ gynecological problems should be evaluated thoroughly and managed accordingly. Adolescent health education needs to increase awareness and give further attention to gynecological problems.
Knowledge of emergency management of avulsed tooth among intern dental students: a questionnaire based study
Authors: Jain Neha , Srilatha Adepu , Doshi Dolar , Nellutla Abhilasha , Alam Khwaja Shoeb 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) represent a major public health problem because of their increasing prevalence and psychosocial impact. Avulsion, one of the most complicated TDIs comprising of 1–16% of all injuries. The present study aimed to assess the current knowledge regarding management of avulsed teeth among dental interns in the city of Hyderabad.

Subjects
Dental interns of the Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad.

Method
A validated, self-administered 23-item questionnaire was used to obtain demographic details and data on dental avulsion management. Descriptive analyses were carried out on frequency, and a comparison of knowledge score was carried out using a chi-squared test and an independent t-test.

Results
More than half of the study subjects gave correct responses for most of the items on knowledge regarding avulsion. Around 45.4% of the study populations were categorized with low levels of correct knowledge, with more females (46.6%) having significantly lower levels compared to males (p = 0.03). However, the mean knowledge scores between males (15.5 ± 4.74) and females (16.5 ± 1.68) were comparable (p = 0.15).

Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, a majority of dental student interns were aware of the basic procedures to be followed in cases of avulsion.
On some varieties of ai-semirings satisfyingxp+1≈x
Authors: Wang Aifa , Shao Yong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the lattice of subvarieties of the ai-semiring variety defined by the additional identitiesxp+1≈xandzxyz≈(zxzyz)pzyxz(zxzyz)p,$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle x^{p+1}\approx x\,\,\mbox{and}\,\,zxyz\approx(zxzyz)^{p}zyxz(zxzyz)^{p}, \end{array} $$wherepis a prime. It is shown that this lattice is a distributive lattice of order 179. Also, each member of this lattice is finitely based and finitely generated.
Kaiserkritik in Konstantinopel. Ein Spottepigramm auf Kaiser Anastasius bei Johannes Lydus und in der Anthologia Palatina
Authors: Begass Christoph 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In De magistratibus John Lydus refers to an epigram of eight lines insulting emperor Anastasius (491-518) as a money-collecting Charybdis. A similar version of this poem can be found in the Greek Anthology where it is divided into two epigrams of four lines each (AP XI 270 -71). In a first step, a critical edition of the epigram is established. On this basis it becomes clear that the earlier version referred to by Lydus comes close to the original poem. A detailed commentary reveals it as work of an able and witty poet who was familiar with both classical epic poetry and the formulas used in late antique laudatory epigrams. Looking at the historical background of the epigram, the paper highlights the history and varieties of Kaiserkritik in Late Antiquity and Byzantium, while another chapter takes a closer look at the far-reaching reforms undertaken by Anastasius which were heavily criticized by contemporaries. Taking into account the function of the epigram in Lydus’ work, it seems certain that John Lydus himself composed the poem to support his general criticism of the administrative reforms of both Anastasius and Justinian.
Towards the Coptic Church: The Making of the Severan Episcopate
Authors: Booth Phil 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article concerns a seminal moment in the history of eastern Christianity: the creation of the Severan episcopate in Egypt (from A.D. 575), and with it the radical bifurcation, for the first time, of the ancient Egyptian church. Updating the classic account of Jean Maspero in the light of more recent publications, it first examines the rapid decline of the Severan episcopate in the period after the Alexandrian patriarch Theodosius’ exile (536), and the intense competition to replace him in the period between his death (566) and the consecration of Peter (575). Exploiting a wide range of evidence related to a new episcopate then created under Peter and his successor Damian, this article then examines the presence of certain Severan bishops in rural monasteries, and the origins of an unprecedented office, the patriarchal vicarate, in the context of the competition created through the creation of a raft of rival sees. Understanding these processes, it is argued, is crucial to appreciating the explosion of evidence which accompanies the patriarchate of Damian.
Die Kirche des hl. Romanos in Konstantinopel und ihr Umfeld
Authors: Effenberger Arne 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The church of St. Romanus in the neighborhood of the Gate of St. Romanus of the Theodosian Land Walls was erected during the Theodosian era and existed until the late Byzantine period. Because of its crypt,which included a famous collection of relics (prophets and saints) the church was an important destination of the Christian pilgrimage. In the first part of this article I consider the written sources, liturgical data and the topographical situation regarding the church and the neighboring structures. The second part examines the location and the current state of the Gate of St. Romanus. Herein the unjustifiable assertions of M. Philippides and W. K. Hanak against the correct identification of the gate by N. Asutay-Effenberger are refuted. The third part deals with the crypts of the Byzantine churches and suggests that the crypt of the Church of St. Romanus was a substructure, which supported the building. The fourth part focuses on the cult of the two saints Elizabeth the Wonderworker and Thomaïs of Lesbos and considers the history of the women’s convent τὰ Mικρὰ Ῥωμαίου. This monastery near the cistern of Mokios was restored by the empress Theodora Palaiologina between 1282 and 1303 and consecrated to the Saints Cosmas and Damianus. The last section discusses some other churches and private properties in the vicinity of the Church of St. Romanus,which are mentioned in the late Byzantine written sources. They are all situated on the road leading from the gate of St. Romanus into the city. Today, only the Manastır Mescidi stands on this route, but it cannot be identified with any of these churches, which appear in the written sources.
Strength Training Recommendations to Improve Scrum Force and Impulse in Rugby Union Forwards
Authors: Mills Blair S. , McMaster Daniel T. , Smith Brett 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
OPTIMAL SCRUM PERFORMANCE IN RUGBY UNION REQUIRES THE FORWARD PACK TO PRODUCE A LARGE SUSTAINED COORDINATED HORIZONTAL IMPULSE. TRAINING HORIZONTAL IMPULSE AND FORCE FOR SCRUMMAGING IS NOT EASILY SIMULATED WITH TRADITIONAL RESISTANCE TRAINING EXERCISES (E.G., SQUAT, DEADLIFT, AND CLEAN). THEREFORE, IT IS PROPOSED THAT THE INCLUSION OF HEAVY HORIZONTALLY RESISTED EXERCISES (E.G., SLED PUSH AND SCRUM MACHINE) WITHIN A GIVEN TRAINING PHASE BE INCLUDED TO PROVIDE A GREATER TRANSFER OF FORCE TO THE RUGBY SCRUM. THIS ARTICLE (A) PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHYSICAL DEMANDS AND BIOMECHANICS OF SCRUMMAGING, AND (B) PROVIDES STRENGTH TRAINING GUIDELINES TO IMPROVE SCRUMMAGING FORCE PRODUCTION.