bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pendeln zwischen zwei Oberzentren – von verlorener bis geschenkter Zeit
Authors: Roggendorf Martina , Wiegandt Claus-C. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The importance of commuting especially between large urban centers has become a major topic as a growing number of people cover increasing distances to reach their workplaces. Based on this approach, the article looks into commuting between the cities of Cologne and Bonn. Social ties to these centers were identified as a main cause for commuting. 20 interviews were analyzed to set up five social types of commuters who have very different perceptions of their daily commute: For the “stressed out” commuting means psychological distress, for the “unsatisfied” it is a disruptive factor while the “pragmatics” accept it as means to an end. The “opportunists” try to use the time of commuting in the most efficient way and for the “profiteers” it's even a valuable time-out in their daily routine. Besides aspects as duration and transportation mode, especially personal attitudes and qualities proved to be important.
The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6 – Part 1: Overview and over-arching analysis plan
Authors: Kageyama Masa , Braconnot Pascale , Harrison Sandy P. , Haywood Alan M. , Jungclaus Johann H. , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Peterschmitt Jean-Yves , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Albani Samuel , Bartlein Patrick J. , Brierley Chris , Crucifix Michel , Dolan Aisling , Fernandez-Donado Laura , Fischer Hubertus , Hopcroft Peter O. , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Lambert Fabrice , Lunt Daniel J. , Mahowald Natalie M. , Peltier W. Richard , Phipps Steven J. , Roche Didier M. , Schmidt Gavin A. , Tarasov Lev , Valdes Paul J. , Zhang Qiong , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. This paper is the first of a series of four GMD papers on the PMIP4-CMIP6 experiments. Part 2 (Otto-Bliesner et al., 2017) gives details about the two PMIP4-CMIP6 interglacial experiments, Part 3 (Jungclaus et al., 2017) about the last millennium experiment, and Part 4 (Kageyama et al., 2017) about the Last Glacial Maximum experiment. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period experiment is part of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project (PlioMIP) – Phase 2, detailed in Haywood et al. (2016).The goal of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) is to understand the response of the climate system to different climate forcings for documented climatic states very different from the present and historical climates. Through comparison with observations of the environmental impact of these climate changes, or with climate reconstructions based on physical, chemical, or biological records, PMIP also addresses the issue of how well state-of-the-art numerical models simulate climate change. Climate models are usually developed using the present and historical climates as references, but climate projections show that future climates will lie well outside these conditions. Palaeoclimates very different from these reference states therefore provide stringent tests for state-of-the-art models and a way to assess whether their sensitivity to forcings is compatible with palaeoclimatic evidence. Simulations of five different periods have been designed to address the objectives of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6): the millennium prior to the industrial epoch (CMIP6 name: past1000); the mid-Holocene, 6000 years ago (midHolocene); the Last Glacial Maximum, 21 000 years ago (lgm); the Last Interglacial, 127 000 years ago (lig127k); and the mid-Pliocene Warm Period, 3.2 million years ago (midPliocene-eoi400). These climatic periods are well documented by palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental records, with climate and environmental changes relevant for the study and projection of future climate changes. This paper describes the motivation for the choice of these periods and the design of the numerical experiments and database requests, with a focus on their novel features compared to the experiments performed in previous phases of PMIP and CMIP. It also outlines the analysis plan that takes advantage of the comparisons of the results across periods and across CMIP6 in collaboration with other MIPs.
Global high-resolution simulations of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide using CHASER V4.0
Authors: Sekiya Takashi , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Ogochi Koji , Sudo Kengo , Takigawa Masayuki 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We evaluate global tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) simulations
using the CHASER V4.0 global chemical transport model (CTM) at horizontal
resolutions of 0.56, 1.1, and 2.8∘. Model evaluation was conducted
using satellite tropospheric NO2 retrievals from the Ozone Monitoring
Instrument (OMI) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) and
aircraft observations from the 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and
Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPÉ). Agreement against satellite retrievals
improved greatly at 1.1 and 0.56∘ resolutions (compared to
2.8∘ resolution) over polluted and biomass burning regions. The
1.1∘ simulation generally captured the regional distribution of the
tropospheric NO2 column well, whereas 0.56∘ resolution was
necessary to improve the model performance over areas with strong local
sources, with mean bias reductions of 67 % over Beijing and 73 % over
San Francisco in summer. Validation using aircraft observations indicated
that high-resolution simulations reduced negative NO2 biases below
700 hPa over the Denver metropolitan area. These improvements in
high-resolution simulations were attributable to (1) closer spatial
representativeness between simulations and observations and (2) better
representation of large-scale concentration fields (i.e., at 2.8∘)
through the consideration of small-scale processes. Model evaluations
conducted at 0.5 and 2.8∘ bin grids indicated that the contributions
of both these processes were comparable over most polluted regions, whereas
the latter effect (2) made a larger contribution over eastern China and
biomass burning areas. The evaluations presented in this paper demonstrate
the potential of using a high-resolution global CTM for studying
megacity-scale air pollutants across the entire globe, potentially also
contributing to global satellite retrievals and chemical data assimilation.
Assessing impacts of dike construction on the flood dynamics of the Mekong Delta
Authors: Duc Tran Dung , van Halsema Gerardo , Hellegers Petra J. G. J. , Phi Hoang Long , Quang Tran Tho , Kummu Matti , Ludwig Fulco 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Recent flood dynamics of the Mekong Delta have raised concerns about an
increased flood risk downstream in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Accelerated
high dike building on the floodplains of the upper delta to allow triple
cropping of rice has been linked to higher river water levels in the
downstream city of Can Tho. This paper assesses the hydraulic impacts of
upstream dike construction on the flood hazard downstream in the Vietnamese
Mekong Delta. We combined the existing one-dimensional (1-D) Mekong Delta
hydrodynamic model with a quasi-two-dimensional (2-D) approach. First we
calibrated and validated the model using flood data from 2011 and 2013. We
then applied the model to explore the downstream water dynamics under various
scenarios of high dike construction in An Giang Province and the Long Xuyen
Quadrangle. Calculations of water balances allowed us to trace the
propagation and distribution of flood volumes over the delta under the
different scenarios. Model results indicate that extensive construction of
high dikes on the upstream floodplains has had limited effect on peak river
water levels downstream in Can Tho. Instead, the model shows that the impacts
of dike construction, in terms of peak river water levels, are concentrated
and amplified in the upstream reaches of the delta. According to our water
balance analysis, river water levels in Can Tho have remained relatively
stable, as greater volumes of floodwater have been diverted away from the
Long Xuyen Quadrangle than the retention volume lost due to dike
construction. Our findings expand on previous work on the impacts of water
control infrastructure on flood risk and floodwater regimes across the delta.
Impact of rheology on probabilistic forecasts of sea ice trajectories: application for search and rescue operations in the Arctic
Authors: Rabatel Matthias , Rampal Pierre , Carrassi Alberto , Bertino Laurent , Jones Christopher K. R. T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We present a sensitivity analysis and discuss the probabilistic forecast capabilities of the novel sea ice model neXtSIM used in hindcast mode. The study pertains to the response of the model to the uncertainty on winds using probabilistic forecasts of ice trajectories. neXtSIM is a continuous Lagrangian numerical model that uses an elasto-brittle rheology to simulate the ice response to external forces. The sensitivity analysis is based on a Monte Carlo sampling of 12 members. The response of the model to the uncertainties is evaluated in terms of simulated ice drift distances from their initial positions, and from the mean position of the ensemble, over the mid-term forecast horizon of 10 days. The simulated ice drift is decomposed into advective and diffusive parts that are characterised separately both spatially and temporally and compared to what is obtained with a free-drift model, that is, when the ice rheology does not play any role in the modelled physics of the ice. The seasonal variability of the model sensitivity is presented and shows the role of the ice compactness and rheology in the ice drift response at both local and regional scales in the Arctic. Indeed, the ice drift simulated by neXtSIM in summer is close to the one obtained with the free-drift model, while the more compact and solid ice pack shows a significantly different mechanical and drift behaviour in winter. For the winter period analysed in this study, we also show that, in contrast to the free-drift model, neXtSIM reproduces the sea ice Lagrangian diffusion regimes as found from observed trajectories. The forecast capability of neXtSIM is also evaluated using a large set of real buoy's trajectories and compared to the capability of the free-drift model. We found that neXtSIM performs significantly better in simulating sea ice drift, both in terms of forecast error and as a tool to assist search and rescue operations, although the sources of uncertainties assumed for the present experiment are not sufficient for complete coverage of the observed IABP positions.
Una historia de diseño del cartel en Portugal del siglo XVII al XIX
Authors: Barbosa María Helena Ferreira Braga 
Published: March 2018

Contar una historia del diseño del cartel durante tres siglos en
Portugal permite entender cómo ha cambiado este artefacto durante el tiempo. Generalmente, el resultado no configura los motivos que lo originaran, ya que no siempre son visibles y por lo tanto no ilustran la realidad en la que fueron diseñados.
Este artículo revela una serie de factores asociados no solo con los acontecimientos históricos, así como las limitaciones asociadas a la realización de un cartel. Para explicar esta narrativa la metodología adoptada referirá la tecnología (papel, producción y selección, técnicas de impresión, el uso de diferentes materiales), programa (categorías de cartel –políticos, culturales y comerciales– en paralelo con los acontecimientos históricos) y autoría (carteles anónimos e identificados, estilos y referencias). El artículo se divide en tres secciones, dedicadas a cada siglo tratado. El conjunto de ejemplos recogidos contribuye al conocimiento de la historia del diseño del cartel en Portugal.
El cartel político soviético, una especificidad
Authors: Le Bourgeois Jaques , Valderrama Sandra 
Published: March 2018

El autor del artículo, (extracto de su tesis de doctorado de Historia), propone un acercamiento específico al afiche de propaganda soviética. Son productos característicos de la cultura rusa, inspirados en los íconos y las tradiciones
pictóricas rusas como el “lubok”. El arte del cartel será también parte de una formación artística específica, ramo de la Academia de Bellas Artes. La mayoría de ellos son obras de arte, pero tienen como esencia la difusión de la ideología. Y su originalidad está justamente en lo que el autor califica como consubstancialidad, usando una palabra del campo religioso para definir esta mezcla inalterable artística y política que caracteriza el cartel soviético. Eso podría explicar su atracción actual, la pasión de algunos coleccionistas y el permanente cuidado que observa el Estado ruso hacia ellos. Los afiches analizados (un corpus de más de 3500 piezas) pertenecen principalmente a tres centros ubicados en Moscú: el Museo de las Fuerzas Armadas rusas, la Biblioteca Nacional, llamada Lenin y el Centro de Archivo Nacional ruso de literatura y arte ([Archivo de Literatura y Arte del Estado de Rusia] RGALI).
Lepralı hastaların yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Baysal Hasret Yalçınöz , Bilgin Sonay , Kaşıkçı Çağla Köktürk 
Published: March 2018

Giriş: Bu çalışma İzmir’de, lepralı hastaların yaşam
kalitelerinin ve buna etki eden sosyo-demografik özelliklerin belirlenmesi
amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan araştırma Ocak 2013
ile Ocak 2014 tarihleri arasında İzmir ili Deri ve Tenasül Hastalıkları
Dispanserine kayıtlı olan 59 lepralı hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler soru
formu ve SF-36 yaşam kalitesi ölçeği ile toplanmış, SPSS 21.0 paket program
aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde yüzde,
ortalama, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskall Wallis testi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan lepra hastalarının SF-36
fiziksel işlevsellik puan ortalaması (23.4±6.9) yüksek, emosyonel rol güçlüğü
(1.4±1.4) puanlarının ise düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yaş, medeni durum, hasar
durumu, hasar bölgesi ve eğitim durumu gibi özelliklerin Lepralı hastaların
yaşam kalitesini etkilediği belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Bu çalışma Lepralı hastaların emosyonel yönden
desteğe ihtiyaçları olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Lepra hastalarının yaşam
kalitesini artırmak için hemşirelerin bu hastaları emosyonel yönden
desteklemeleri önerilebilir.
CIAFIS – Congresso Internacional de Atividade Física, Nutrição e Saúde
Authors: Soares Nara Michelle Moura , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin , Silva-Grigoletto Marzo Edir da , Santos Silva, Roberto Jerônimo dos , Aidar Felipe José Martins , Silva Júnior Walderi Monteiro da , Cabral Breno Tinoco , Carneiro André Luiz , Garrido Nuno Domingos , Reis Victor Machado 
Published: March 2018

O 3º Congresso Internacional de Atividade Física, Nutrição e Saúde proporcionou discussão, reflexão e prática acerca das bases teórico-metodológicas dirigidas às intervenções na área de Atividade Física, Nutrição e Saúde. Reflexões sobre o processo de envelhecimento, bem como os aspetos do envelhecer com saúde e qualidade de vida foram abordados no evento.O envelhecimento é um fenômeno natural, universal, irreversível e não ocorre de forma simultânea e igualitária nos seres humanos. Envelhecer faz parte da vida e, visto a luz dos conhecimentos atuais, nada é possível para fazer alterar este processo. Atualmente, o envelhecimento constitui um dos temas de maior interesse da sociedade devido à transição epidemiológica que o mundo está apresentando. Diante disso, procurar respostas sobre quais são as mudanças que ocorrem nesse período, quais são as causas e as consequências são os desafios da ciência com o objetivo de retardar esse processo.Para melhor compreensão da relação entre envelhecimento e saúde, uma abordagem multidimensional deve ser considerada, levando em consideração os aspectos biológicos, físicos, psicológicos, econômicos e sociais. Além disso, a qualidade de vida passa a ser um aspecto importante por atender as demandas de saúde da sociedade.Tais discussões realizadas servirão para subsidiar uma análise crítica sobre a atuação dos profissionais da saúde, no Brasil e no Estado de Sergipe. É inadiável, portanto, que os acadêmicos e os professores de todas as áreas do conhecimento, conscientizem-se de que é necessário atualização e capacitação constante.
Case control study on environmental, nutritional and management-based risk factors for tail-biting in long-tailed pigs
Authors: Kallio PA , Janczak AM , Valros AE , Edwards SA , Heinonen M 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA case control study with a questionnaire was carried out to compare feeding practices, diet composition, housing and management in 78 herds with or without a history of tail-biting in undocked pigs (Sus scrofa) in Finland. Tail-biting was measured as the mean annual prevalence score of tail-biting damage (TBD) for a farm. Logistic regression parameters were calculated separately for risk factors present in piglet (lactation), weaner, and finishing units. Risk factors found in piglet units for TBD were slatted floors and area of slats. In the weaner units, slatted floors, area of slats, use of whey or wheat in the diet, and use of purchased compound feeds were associated with a risk of TBD. In the finishing units, slatted floors, area of slats, increasing number of finisher pigs at the farm, absence of bedding, liquid feeding, several meals per day, specialised production type and a group size greater than nine pigs were found as risk factors for TBD. Increased farm size was connected to risk for TBD in the overall dataset. The nutritional risk factors seem to operate together with other risk factors, but with relatively lower odds. The risk factors of undocked herds in this study seem to be similar to the risk factors from earlier studies of docked pigs. This study provides information which can be used to refine decision-support tools for management of the potentially higher risk for tail-biting among long-tailed pigs, thus aiding compliance with EU law and enhancing pig welfare.
The effect of environmental provisioning on stress levels in captive green anole (Anolis carolinensis)
Authors: Borgmans G , Palme R , Sannen A , Vervaecke H , Van Damme R 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn response to an increased awareness concerning the welfare of captive animals, several studies have investigated the effect of provisions on stress levels in model species, such as small mammals, birds and fish. In contrast, reptiles have received less attention. Although many reptilian species are becoming increasingly popular in the pet trade and are frequently used as model species in various branches of biology and a number of studies have explored how they react to stress in different contexts (eg social, predatory), little is known about how they react to stress induced by housing conditions or experimental treatments. In this study, we quantified the effect of provision of perches and leaves as refuges (provisioned) on the behaviour, morphology and physiology of the green anole (Anolis carolinensis). Our results showed that increased or decreased structural complexity of the cage had no effect on body mass, tail-base width, heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (H/L ratios), brightness, body colour, behaviour and faecal corticosterone metabolite (FCM) levels for both males and females in the experimental treatments (provisioned or deprived situation). Our study animals did score very highly for several stress-indicating variables in the three weeks preceding the experiments — suggesting that they had experienced considerable stress during capture, transport and temporary housing in the pet store.
The relationship between working horse welfare and their owners’ socioeconomic status
Authors: Lanas R , Luna D , Tadich T 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe relationship between the socio-economic status of working equine owners and the welfare status of their animals is yet to be documented. The aim of this study was to provide an approach to understanding socio-economic status, quality of life and working aspects of working horse owners, in order to establish their social vulnerability index and to determine how these measures correlate with the welfare state of their horses. Seventy-two owners and their urban working horses (n = 122) were studied. Owners’ socioeconomic and educational status was established together with their quality of life perception and multi-dimensional poverty index. The animal welfare index was constructed using animal-based measures. Whilst over 90% of owners were considered vulnerable, only 28.3% of horses were classified as being in a poor welfare state (eg presence of lesions and morphology not adequate for draught type). There were no significant correlations between owners’ factors and the animal welfare index. We conclude, therefore, that social vulnerability of owners does not necessarily imply that their animals will be in a poor welfare state.
Circumpolar biodiversity monitoring program’s state of the Arctic marine biodiversity
Authors: Kovacs Kit M. , Meehan Rosa , Belikov Stas , Desportes Genevieve , Ferguson Steve , Laidre Kristin , Stenson Garry , Thomas Peter , Ugarte Fernando , Vongraven Dag 
Published: March 2018

Marine mammals are top predators in Arctic marine ecosystems and are key to ecosystem functioning. Many Arctic marine mammal species are important resources and hold special cultural significance in Arctic communities. The CBMP (Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Programme) Marine Mammal Expert Network aggregated and reviewed data on the population status and trends of all 11 ice-associated marine mammal Focal Ecosystem Components (FECs) across eight Arctic Marine Areas as well as the state of current monitoring (and research) efforts for these species. Changes taking place in the physical environment in the Arctic due to global warming are affecting marine mammal behaviour, abundance, growth rates, body condition and reproduction, and impacting the resilience of
marine mammal populations with concomitant effects on the people who rely on them for subsistence, economic and cultural purposes. Effective marine mammal population monitoring will need improved techniques and application at appropriate geographic scales to measure trends that can be evaluated relative to changes in climate (e.g., sea-ice cover) and human activities (e.g., hunting, shipping, mineral exploration). This presentation will summarize current marine mammal monitoring across the Arctic, the status and trends of FECs, drivers of observed trends, and knowledge and monitoring gaps.
Regional Cooperation and Governance of Marine Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: The Case of West and Central African Region
Authors: Kong Mukwele Sheila 
Published: March 2018

Marine biodiversity is today under a lot of pressure: climate change, IUU Fishing and marine pollution. The need to ensure adequate governance of this milieu within national jurisdiction has always been difficult due to the transboundary nature of this biodiversity and the various pressures affecting it: Greater will be this challenge when the International community would have adopted the needed global legally binding instrument for the governance marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Indeed, creating a global legal regime that is implemented nationally is good. But not enough. Individual efforts of States to implement global legal norms has never been sufficient; it has shown several shortcomings and great numbness that can only be complemented by the involvement of regional governance in the implementation process. The need to have regional cooperation, in order to ensure the effectiveness of the future BBNJ legal instrument is fundamental for a sustainable marine biodiversity. This is even so for developing countries such as those of the West and Central African Region as a regional partnership will come in to consolidate national efforts in this area. More again, regional cooperation is to be encouraged in the governance of the BBNJ when considering the cost.
Keywords: Regional Cooperation, West and Central African Region, Governance of Marine Biodiversity, Areas beyond National Jurisdiction