bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drift and beaching patterns of sea otter carcasses and car tire dummies
Authors: Young Colleen , Eguchi Tomoharu , Ames Jack A. , Staedler Michelle , Hatfield Brian B. , Harris Mike , Golson‐Fisch Emily A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEnumerating and examining marine animal carcasses is important for quantifying mortality rates and determining causes of mortality. Drifter experiments are one tool for estimating at‐sea mortality and determining factors affecting carcass drift, but they require validation to confirm drifters accurately replicate the drift characteristics of the species of interest. The goal of this study was to determine whether dummies constructed from car tires were appropriate substitutes for sea otter (Enhydra lutris) carcasses. We released 33 sets of targets (carcasses and dummies) in a one‐to‐one ratio on 15 randomly chosen dates between January 1995 and December 1996. They were telemetrically tracked until they beached or were no longer detected. Beaching rates were similar between carcasses (69.7%) and dummies (66.7%). Our results indicated that there was no statistical difference in the drifting pattern, as measured by distance traveled and location, between carcasses and dummies, and that cumulative wind speed, days since release, and release month were predictors of drift patterns. We concluded that dummies constructed from car tires do imitate sea otter carcasses and could be used to estimate at‐sea mortality of sea otters, or, if released during or after an oil spill, could be used to direct search efforts for carcasses.
Using Explicit Instruction About L1 to Reduce Crosslinguistic Effects in L2 Grammar Learning: Evidence From Oral Production in L2 French
Authors: MCMANUS KEVIN , MARSDEN EMMA 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study advances previous research about the effects of explicit instruction on second language (L2) development by examining learners’ use of verbal morphology following different types of explicit information (EI) and comprehension practice. We investigated the extent to which additional EI about the first language (L1) can reduce the effects of crosslinguistic influence in L2 oral production. Sixty‐nine English‐speaking learners of L2 French undertook either: (a) a ‘core’ treatment of EI about the L2 with L2 comprehension practice, (b) the same L2 core + L1 comprehension practice, (c) the same L2 core + L1 comprehension practice + EI about L1, or (d) outcome tests only. Results showed that providing additional EI about the L1 benefitted the accuracy of oral production immediately after the instruction and then 6 weeks later. These results suggest that tailoring instruction, specifically the nature of the EI, to the nature of the learning problem can facilitate L2 learning. In particular, EI about L1 can facilitate L2 learning by increasing learners’ awareness of similarities and differences in how L1 and L2 express the same meanings.
Practical Moore Sentences*
Authors: Mandelkern Matthew 
Published: May 2019

AbstractI discuss what I call practical Moore sentences: sentences like ‘You must close your door, but I don't know whether you will’, which combine an order together with an avowal of agnosticism about whether the order will be obeyed. I show that practical Moore sentences are generally infelicitous. But this infelicity is surprising: it seems like there should be nothing wrong with giving someone an order while acknowledging that you do not know whether it will obeyed. I suggest that this infelicity points to a striking psychological fact, with potentially broad ramifications concerning the structure of norms of speech acts: namely, when giving an order, we must act as if we believe we will be obeyed.
Abscisic acid signalling mediates biomass trade‐off and allocation in poplar
Authors: Yu Dade , Wildhagen Henning , Tylewicz Szymon , Miskolczi Pal C. , Bhalerao Rishikesh P. , Polle Andrea 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well known stress hormone regulating drought adaptation of plants. Here, we hypothesised that genetic engineering of genes involved in ABA stress signalling and photoperiodic regulation affected drought resistance by trade‐off with biomass production in perennial poplar trees.

We grew Populus tremula × tremuloides wild‐type (T89) and various transgenic lines (two transformation events of 35S::abi1‐1, 35S::RCAR, RCAR:RNAi, 35S::ABI3, 35S::AREB3, 35S::FDL1, FDL1:RNAi, 35S::FDL2 and FDL2:RNAi) outdoors and exposed them to drought in the second growth period.

After the winter, the surviving lines showed a huge variation in stomatal conductance, leaf size, whole‐plant leaf area, tree height, stem diameter, and biomass. Whole‐plant leaf area was a strong predictor for woody biomass production. The 35S::AREB3 lines were compromised in biomass production under well irrigated conditions compared with wild‐type poplars but were resilient to drought. ABA signalling regulated FDL1 and FDL2 expression under stress. Poplar lines overexpressing FDL1 or FDL2 were drought‐sensitive; they shed leaves and lost root biomass, whereas the FDL RNAi lines showed higher biomass allocation to roots under drought.

These results assign a new function in drought acclimation to FDL genes aside from photoperiodic regulation. Our results imply a critical role for ABA‐mediated processes in balancing biomass production and climate adaptation.
Common pulmonary vein on the recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia after pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Lee Wei‐Chieh , Lee Yi‐Wei , Fang Hsiu‐Yu , Chen Huang‐Chung , Chen Yung‐Lung , Tsai Tzu‐Hsien , Pan Kuo‐Li , Lin Yu‐Sheng , Chen Mien‐Cheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsCatheter ablation has become an effective treatment modality for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the relationship between common pulmonary vein (PV) and recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia (ATA) after PV isolation (PVI) remains controversial. This study aimed to explore the function of common PV on the risk of recurrent ATA after PVI.MethodsWe identified a total of 191 patients who received radiofrequency catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF at our hospital between July 2010 and December 2017 for retrospective chart review. We collected the following data for analysis: results of preprocedural computed tomography, including the anatomy of PV and left atrial (LA) volume; the incidence of early‐ and late‐onset recurrence of ATA. We compared these characteristics between the two groups defined by the presence or absence of the late‐onset recurrence of ATA.Results Compared to the no ATA recurrence group, the ATA recurrence group had larger LA size, larger LA end‐diastolic and systolic volumes, larger maximal diameter of PV, higher prevalence of common PV, and higher incidence of early‐onset recurrence of ATA. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, presence of common PV and early‐onset recurrence were independently associated with late‐onset recurrence of ATA. Compared to patients without common PV, patients with common PV had larger diameter of PV and higher incidence of late‐onset recurrent ATA.ConclusionIn patients with paroxysmal AF, early‐onset recurrence of ATA and the presence of common PV were independently associated with late‐onset recurrent ATA after radiofrequency catheter ablation.
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to ceftriaxone: Report of a pediatric case with recurrence after positive patch test
Authors: Salman Andac , Yucelten Deniz , Akin Cakici Ozlem , Kepenekli Kadayifci Eda 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAcute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is seen uncommonly in children and sometimes shows atypical clinical features in this population. Patch testing can be used effectively in children for the confirmation of the culprit drug in cases of multiple drug use. Here, we report a rare, pediatric case of ceftriaxone‐induced AGEP confirmed by patch testing with subsequent recurrence of the skin eruption.
The invasive tree staghorn sumac affects soil N2‐fixing bacterial communities in north China
Authors: Wu B. , Wang S. , Wei M. , Zhou J. , Jiang K. , Du D. , Wang C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Soil N2‐fixing bacterial communities (SNB) can enhance soil N availability and the invasiveness of invaders. Some invaders display different degrees of invasion across different climate regions. Given that bacterial communities may change with different climate regions, it is important to understand soil micro‐ecological mechanisms driving the successful invasion of invaders across different climate regions.

This study performed cross‐site comparisons to comprehensively analyse effects of the invasive tree staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina L.) on the structure of SNB. In north China, we selected three sites within two sampling regions (a warm temperate region and a cold temperate region).

Staghorn sumac invasion did not significantly affect soil physicochemical properties and the diversity and richness of SNB. LEfSe analysis showed that numerous SNB taxa changed significantly during staghorn sumac invasion. This may be attributed in part to the selective effects of allelochemicals released by staghorn sumac via leaf litter and/or root exudates. Consequently, staghorn sumac invasion may alter the structure, rather than the diversity and richness, of SNB to facilitate its invasion process by establishing a favourable soil microenvironment in the invaded habitats. The number of species and richness of SNB under staghorn sumac invasion were significantly lower in the warm temperate region than in the cold temperate region. A possible reason for the increased diversity and richness of SNB under staghorn sumac invasion in the cold temperate region may be because staghorn sumac in the cold temperate region can provide more nutrients into the soil sub‐ecosystem, presumably to support a higher diversity and richness of SNB via the nutritional requirements of SNB.

The changed structure of SNB under staghorn sumac invasion, especially across different climate regions, may play an important role in its successful invasion across most regions of north China.
Smokescreen Politics? Ratcheting Up EU Emissions Trading in 2017
Authors: Wettestad Jørgen , Jevnaker Torbjørg 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe reform of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) adopted in November 2017 was surprisingly strong, given the previous opposition from central member‐states like Poland and key stakeholders like the energy‐intensive industries. The carbon price has also increased substantially since then. To explain why such major reform was possible, we present several findings with wider relevance. Importantly, all the actors pushing for a more ambitious reform benefitted from having a central, “second‐best” mechanism in place—the Market Stability Reserve (MSR)—which could be further tightened. By focusing cancelation on allowances in the MSR and taking place only after 2023, policy entrepreneurs managed to make the distribution of costs obscure and diffuse, whereas the benefits (a probable higher carbon price and related greater auctioning revenues for member‐states) were more specific and closer in time. That is what we call “smokescreen politics.”
On Möbius‐invariant and symmetry‐integrable evolution equations and the Schwarzian derivative
Authors: Euler Marianna , Euler Norbert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe consider symmetry‐integrable evolution equations in 1 + 1 dimensions of order 3 and order 5. We show that there exist only three equations in this class that are invariant under the Möbius transformation, and we name those Schwarzian equations. We report an interesting relation between the recursion operators of the Schwarzian equations and the corresponding adjoint operators that generate hierarchies of Schwarzian systems in terms of the Schwarzian derivative. This indicates a deep relation between the Schwarzian equations and the Schwarzian derivative. A classification of the fully nonlinear third‐order Schwarzian equations is also reported.
Psychoprophylaxis for oral conscious sedation for dental care in Down syndrome adults with behavioral disorder
Authors: Ferrary Teresita , Sanchez Ratto Noelia , Martinez Daniel , Alvarez Mayra , Bianchi Maria Lis , Benitez Maria Belen , Armada Mariana , Echaide Maite , Scagnet Gabriela , Orman Betina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) presents with prevalent diseases in the oral cavity and the need of constant dental care and follow‐up. The use of conscious sedation (CS) for dental care in adult DS with behavioral disorders is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of CS procedures with oral midazolam using previous psychoprophylaxis sessions in DS adult patients with behavioral disorders. Methods: Twenty‐nine DS adults with behavioral disorders. The patients were managed with psychoprophylaxis followed by oral CS using 15 or 30 mg midazolam. Vital parameters were monitored. The Houpt and Brietkopf and Buttner scales were used. Results: Patients under CS received an initial dose of 15 mg midazolam; however, 51.72% needed a 30 mg dose at the following sessions. Results showed that 71.4% treated with the 15 mg dose had Houpt scale overall behavior scores of 4 or 5, while 93.33% of those receiving 30 mg had scores of 5 or 6 (chi‐square = 15.95 p < .01). Conclusion: Psychoprophylaxis sessions followed by CS procedures using oral midazolam in adult DS with behavioral disorders were shown to be a useful strategy to perform routine dental treatment safely. Midazolam produces anterograde amnesia, and participants were more cooperative in the following visits.
Inactivation of yellow fever virus in plasma after treatment with methylene blue and visible light and in platelet concentrates following treatment with ultraviolet C light
Authors: Faddy Helen M. , Fryk Jesse J. , Hall Roy A. , Young Paul R. , Reichenberg Stefan , Tolksdorf Frank , Sumian Chryslain , Gravemann Ute , Seltsam Axel , Marks Denese C. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDYellow fever virus (YFV) is endemic to tropical and subtropical areas in South America and Africa, and is currently a major public health threat in Brazil. Transfusion transmission of the yellow fever vaccine virus has been demonstrated, which is indicative of the potential for viral transfusion transmission. An approach to manage the potential YFV transfusion transmission risk is the use of pathogen inactivation (PI) technology systems, such as THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma and THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets (Macopharma). We aimed to investigate the efficacy of these PI technology systems to inactivate YFV in plasma or platelet concentrates (PCs).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSYFV spiked plasma units were treated using THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma system (visible light doses: 20, 40, 60, and 120 [standard] J/cm2) in the presence of methylene blue (approx. 0.8 μmol/L) and spiked PCs were treated using THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets system (ultraviolet C doses: 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 [standard] J/cm2). Samples were taken before the first and after each illumination dose and tested for residual virus using a modified plaque assay.RESULTSYFV infectivity was reduced by an average of 4.77 log or greater in plasma treated with the THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma system and by 4.8 log or greater in PCs treated with THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets system.CONCLUSIONSOur study suggests the THERAFLEX MB‐Plasma and the THERAFLEX UV‐Platelets systems can efficiently inactivate YFV in plasma or PCs to a similar degree as that for other arboviruses. Given the reduction levels observed in this study, these PI technology systems could be an effective option for managing YFV transfusion‐transmission risk in plasma and PCs.
Ultrasonographic and histopathological features in 8 cats with fibrotic small intestinal stricture
Authors: Holloway Andrew , Pivetta Mauro , Rasotto Roberta 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBenign stricture is an uncommon cause of chronic small intestinal obstruction in the cat. The purpose of this retrospective case series was to describe the ultrasonographic features, histopathological findings, and clinical presentation in a group of cats with benign small intestinal stricture. Inclusion criteria were cats presenting during the period 2010‐2017, and that had ultrasonography and small intestinal stricture confirmed at surgery. For each cat, clinical data and ultrasonographic findings were retrieved from the medical record, and histopathology, where available, was reviewed. Eight cats met the inclusion criteria. The location of strictures was duodenum (1/8), mid‐ to distal jejunum (4/8), and ileum (3/8). Ultrasonographic findings included gastric distension (8/8) and generalized (3/8) or segmental (5/8) intestinal dilation consistent with mechanical obstruction. Ingesta did not propagate beyond the strictured segment. Wall thickening was mild to moderate (3‐6 mm). Normal wall layering was disrupted in all cats. Strictures were predominantly hypoechoic (7/8) and associated with hyperechoic peri‐intestinal mesentery (6/8). Annular strictures (5/8) were less than 15 mm in length whereas long‐segment strictures (3/8) were greater than 15 mm in length. Histopathology showed transmural disease with fibrosis and inflammation (8/8), often (6/8) extending into the bordering mesentery. The mucosa was the most severely affected layer and epithelial injury accompanied the mucosal fibrosis/inflammation. Clinical presentation reflected delayed diagnosis of chronic bowel obstruction with debilitation (8/8), marked weight loss (8/8), and prerenal azotemia (5/8). Benign fibrostenotic stricture should be considered a differential diagnosis in debilitated young cats presenting with chronic bowel disease and ultrasonographic features of intestinal obstruction.
Early physiological and biochemical responses of soyabean to neighbouring weeds under resource‐independent competition
Authors: McKenzie‐Gopsill A G , Amirsadeghi S , Earl H J , Jones A M P , Lukens L , Lee E , Swanton C J 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe mechanisms by which weeds compete with crop plants are poorly understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we characterised early physiological responses of soyabean to neighbouring weeds using a biological weedy system that generated a consistent far‐red‐enriched light environment and excluded direct resource competition. Neighbouring weeds decreased superoxide dismutase activity in unifoliate leaves. This coincided with increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized ascorbate levels, while the steady‐state level of superoxide, catalase activity and lipid peroxidation remained unchanged. These responses suggested increased leaf production of singlet oxygen (1O2), which was demonstrated by detection of increased Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG) fluorescence within 3 h after staining of unifoliate leaves. This finding was further supported by increased ratios of the photosensitiser protochlorophyllide to both chlorophyllide a, and total chlorophyll in the dark as well as enhanced sensitivity to cell death by a 1O2‐generating compound in the light. These responses coincided with dramatic changes in photosynthesis, carbon partitioning and biomass allocation with a persistent decline in leaf sucrose level and biomass production at later growth stages. This study provides direct experimental evidence that under resource‐independent competition, far‐red‐enriched light reflected by neighbouring weeds can alter the balance between ROS production and detoxification and thereby generate an oxidative stress signal in soyabean leaves.
Dopamine D2 receptors regulate the action potential threshold by modulating T‐type calcium channels in stellate cells of the medial entorhinal cortex
Authors: Jin Xueqin , Chen Qian , Song Yan , Zheng Jie , Xiao Kuo , Shao Shan , Fu Zibing , Yi Ming , Yang Yang , Huang Zhuo 
Published: May 2019

Key points
Activation of axonal dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) increases action potential (AP) threshold, and thus decreases neuronal excitability in layer II stellate cells of medial entorhinal cortex.
Endogenous dopamine release increases the AP threshold of stellate cells by activating D2Rs.
Activation of D2Rs shifts the activation curve of T‐type Ca2+ channels in a positive direction in a protein kinase A‐dependent manner.
Immunofluorescence staining reveals the presence of T‐type Ca2+ channels and D2Rs in the axon initial segments (AISs).
This research makes the pioneering discovery of D2R‐induced AP threshold plasticity in AISs of stellate cells. The findings are likely to have significant implications for understanding the cellular processes by which dopamine influences neuronal intrinsic excitability.
AbstractStellate cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) are considered to constitute the largest population of grid cells, which provide spatial representation to support animal estimation of location. Although dopaminergic fibres from the ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta innervate the majority of the cortex, including the MEC, little is known about how dopamine modulates the function of MEC stellate cells. Because dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) are involved in spatial cognition and MEC contains high levels of D2Rs, we investigated how D2R activation modulates the neuronal intrinsic excitability of stellate cells. Electrophysiological recordings, optogenetics and molecular biology experiments were performed to investigate the mechanism in mice. Activation of axonal D2Rs, not dendritic or somatic D2Rs, elevated the action potential (AP) threshold and decreased the intrinsic excitability of stellate cells, which was caused by shifting rightward the activation properties of T‐type Ca2+ channels in a D2R–protein kinase A‐dependent manner without affecting their steady‐state inactivation curve. In support, immunofluorescence assays revealed colocalization of D2Rs and Cav3.2 calcium channels within the axon initial segment. These findings are likely to have significant implications for understanding the cellular processes by which dopamine influences neuronal excitability and they may also be applicable to other hippocampal and cortical regions as dopaminergic fibres innervate wide brain regions. Taken together, these findings provide a novel cellular mechanism by which D2Rs modulate AP threshold of stellate cells through T‐type Ca2+ channels in MEC, indicating that D2Rs of MEC play a vital role in modulating the information processing of stellate cells.