bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supporting the Development of Clinical Reasoning of Preprofessional Novices in Dysphagia Management
Authors: Doeltgen Sebastian , Attrill Stacie , Murray Joanne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProficient clinical reasoning is a critical skill in high-quality, evidence-based management of swallowing impairment (dysphagia). Clinical reasoning in this area of practice is a cognitively complex process, as it requires synthesis of multiple sources of information that are generated during a thorough, evidence-based assessment process and which are moderated by the patient's individual situations, including their social and demographic circumstances, comorbidities, or other health concerns. A growing body of health and medical literature demonstrates that clinical reasoning skills develop with increasing exposure to clinical cases and that the approaches to clinical reasoning differ between novices and experts. It appears that it is not the amount of knowledge held, but the way it is used, that distinguishes a novice from an experienced clinician. In this article, we review the roles of explicit and implicit processing as well as illness scripts in clinical decision making across the continuum of medical expertise and discuss how they relate to the clinical management of swallowing impairment. We also reflect on how this literature may inform educational curricula that support SLP students in developing preclinical reasoning skills that facilitate their transition to early clinical practice. Specifically, we discuss the role of case-based curricula to assist students to develop a meta-cognitive awareness of the different approaches to clinical reasoning, their own capabilities and preferences, and how and when to apply these in dysphagia management practice.
Management of Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Gopalakrishna Kadarapura N. , Ramesh Venkatapura J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common, immune-mediated acute polyneuropathy characterized by variable degree of motor weakness, often presenting with quadriparesis. GBS with respiratory failure requiring endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation is common, affecting approximately 30% of patients. In addition, they present with sensory features, cranial nerve involvement, and autonomic disturbance. The majority of GBS patients have preceding respiratory tract infection or gastroenteritis. The diagnosis of GBS is based on clinical features supported by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination and nerve conduction studies. Early course of the GBS requires meticulous monitoring and early initiation of immunotherapy. Plasma exchange (PE) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) are the proven therapies, and both have been shown to be equally effective. General supportive care is an important part of management of GBS. A multidisciplinary approach to prevent and manage potential complications in rapidly progressing GBS is important to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Clinical Decision Making with Head and Neck Cancer Patients with Dysphagia
Authors: Starmer Heather , Edwards Jeffrey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDysphagia is a common challenge faced by patients with head and neck cancer. Management of these patients is quite distinct from many other dysphagia etiologies due to the nature of surgical removal of organs critical to swallowing, the ability to provide preventative therapies, and the variable risk for complications related to dysphagia. Thus, clinicians providing care to the head and neck cancer population need to understand these differences when employing clinical decision making. In addition, changes in the demographics of head and neck cancer, related predominantly to the epidemic of oropharyngeal cancer associated with the human papillomavirus, have further transformed both the types of patients and the types of treatments offered. These epidemiologic factors further complicate the decision-making process for clinicians. This article provides a framework for decision making in the surgical and nonsurgical patient with head and neck cancer.
Cannabis auf Rezept zur Schmerztherapie
Authors: Herz Mona 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungSeit März 2017 können Ärzte Cannabisblüten oder -extrakte Patienten verordnen,
die an einer schwerwiegenden Erkrankung leiden. Das Gesetz legitimiert die
Hanftherapie, wenn diese den Krankheitsverlauf verbessern und
Symptome lindern kann. Doch nicht jeder ist für den Medizinalhanf geeignet.
Borders and boundaries in the state-making of Eritrea: revisiting the importance of territorial integrity in the rapprochement between Eritrea and Ethiopia
Authors: Müller Tanja R. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, the author analyses Eritrean state-making and its foreign policy as driven by the quest for territorial integrity. The article first demonstrates the importance of creating a territorial nation-state for Eritrean nationalism. It subsequently provides an interpretation of Eritrean foreign policy through the lens of the importance of territorial integrity. The article then reflects on how this has underpinned the recent rapprochement between Eritrea and Ethiopia. It ends with some thoughts on what these developments might mean for the future of Eritrea and the wider geopolitical environment of the Horn.
Reactive knee stiffening strategies between various conditioning histories
Authors: Oates D Craig , Needle Alan R. , Kaminski Thomas W. , Royer Todd D. , Swanik C Buz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOptimizing joint stiffness through appropriate muscular activation is crucial for maintaining stability and preventing injury. Conditioning techniques may affect joint stability by increasing joint stiffness and altering neuromuscular control; however no studies have assessed this in a controlled setting. Fifteen endurance athletes, 12 power athletes, and 15 control subjects sat on a stiffness device that generated a rapid knee flexion perturbation and were instructed to react to the perturbation. Main outcome measures included short‐range (0–4°) and long range (0–40°) stiffness and muscle activation from quadriceps and hamstring muscles. Stiffness results revealed greater short‐range stiffness in endurance athletes (0.057 ± 0.012 Nm/deg/kg) than controls (0.047 ± 0.008 Nm/deg/kg, p = 0.021); while passive long‐range stiffness was greater in power (0.0020 ± 0.001 nm/deg/kg) than endurance athletes (0.0016 ± 0.001 nm/deg/kg, p = 0.016). Endurance athletes had greater reactive stiffness (0.051 ± 0.017 nm/deg/kg) than control (0.033 ± 0.011 nm/deg/kg, p = 0.001) and power (0.037 ± 0.015 nm/deg/kg, p = 0.044) groups. Endurance athletes also displayed greater quadriceps activity during passive and reactive conditions (p < 0.050) compared to power athletes and controls. These findings suggest that power‐based training history may be associated with greater passive joint stiffness across the full range of motion, while endurance‐based training could positively influence reactive muscular characteristics, as well as resting muscle tone. These unique variations in stiffness regulation could be beneficial to programmes for prevention and rehabilitation of joint injury.
Training Performance of Recurrent Neural Network using RTRL and BPTT for Gamelan Onset Detection
Authors: Sari Dian Kartika , Wulandari Diah Puspito , Suprapto Yoyon Kusnendar 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Gamelan is one of Indonesia’s traditional musical instruments. Signal variations in gamelan music are caused by differences in play style and the process of making gamelan. Gamelan music analysis usually using supervised learning method like Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). This paper will compare the performance of Simple Recurrent Neural Network training process using a gradient-based algorithm Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT) and Real-Time Recurrent Learning (RTRL) algorithm. The performance of the algorithm during training process was necessary to be evaluated, in order to know which algorithm has better performance and faster process to approach convergences on the training method of the recurrent neural network. The performance results of the algorithm training process will be compared and evaluated by the means of a Normalized Negative Log-likelihood (NNL). BPTT resulted better and faster forming convergence in terms of the number of epoch parameter with NNL 0.0121 In terms of the value of learning rate, BPTT perform better at learning rate 0.1 with NNL 0.0174 and RTRL performs better at learning rate 0.4 with NNL 0.0382.
Implementation of sequential circuit using feynman and fredkin reversible logic gates
Authors: Bala Krishna K , Purna Ramesh A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
At present, one of the most vital issue is reversible logic and this reversible logic has various applications in different areas such as low power CMOS, quantum computing, nanotechnology, cryptography, Digital Signal Processing(DSP), quantum dot cellular automata. A unique one-to-one mapping technique is used in reversible logic gates. To create a helpful capacity of gates, the reversible gates require some supported auxiliary data sources known as ancilla inputs. Likewise to keep up the reversibility of the circuits some extra unutilized yields are requiring that are referenced to as the trash yields. The quantity of garbage outputs, the quantity of ancilla sources of info and quantum cost assumes a noteworthy job in the reversible circuit’s assessment. Subsequently these parameters are most enormous for structuring reversible circuit’s effectively. In this paper implementing the sequential circuit using Feynman and Fredkin reversible logic gates. The proposed sequential circuit is simulated using Tanner Tool. The result shows that overhead delay and total delay are reduced by 33.69% and 20.42% respectively.
Chemical and physical influence of sodic soils on the coleoptile length and root growth angle of wheat genotypes
Authors: Anzooman Monia , Christopher Jack , Dang Yash P , Taylor Julian , Menzies Neal W , Kopittke Peter M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
High exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and bulk density of sodic soils can reduce seedling emergence. This study examined variation in seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) genotypes to determine whether these traits vary between genotypes that differ in their tolerance to sodic soils.

Methods
Wheat genotypes were grown in three different experiments. First, four wheat genotypes were grown using soils of three ESPs (4, 10 and 17 %) and secondly in soils of three different bulk densities (1.2, 1.4 and 1.5 g cm–3) and ESP 10 %. Thirdly, seedling coleoptile length and seminal root angle were determined for 16 genotypes grown in a soil of ESP 10 % and bulk density 1.2 g cm–2. Seminal root angle and coleoptile length measurements from the current study were compared with seedling emergence rate and force measured previously.

Key Results
The seedling coleoptile length of all genotypes decreased with increasing soil ESP and bulk density, but with no significant differences between genotypes. In contrast, seminal root angles differed significantly between genotypes, but were not significantly affected by ESP or bulk density. There was an inverse relationship between the seminal root angle of the 16 genotypes and seedling emergence rate (R2 = 0.89) and also between seminal root angle and seedling emergence force (R2 = 0.61).

Conclusions
Lack of significant variation in coleoptile length between genotypes suggests that this may not be a suitable characteristic to identify wheat tolerance to sodic conditions. However, a narrower seminal root angle was correlated with rate and force of seedling emergence, traits likely to improve establishment. The mechanism underlying this correlation is not yet clear. Genotypes with a narrow root angle had greater root depth. One possible mechanism might be that genotypes with narrow root angles were able to take up more soil moisture at depth, leading to a higher proportion of seedling emergence.
Comparison of outcomes following three surgical techniques for patients with severe jejunoileal atresia
Authors: Peng Yan-Fen , Zheng Hai-Qing , Zhang Hong , He Qiu-Ming , Wang Zhe , Zhong Wei , Yu Jia-Kang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSevere jejunoileal atresia is associated with prolonged parenteral nutrition, higher mortality and secondary surgery. However, the ideal surgical management of this condition remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients with severe jejunoileal atresia treated by three different procedures.MethodsFrom January 2007 to December 2016, 105 neonates with severe jejunoileal atresia were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 42 patients (40.0%) underwent the Bishop–Koop procedure (BK group), 49 (46.7%) underwent primary anastomosis (PA group) and 14 (13.3%) underwent Mikulicz double-barreled ileostomy (DB group). Demographics, treatment and outcomes including mortality, morbidity and nutrition status were reviewed and were compared among the three groups.ResultsThe total mortality rate was 6.7%, showing no statistical difference among the three groups (P = 0.164). The BK group had the lowest post-operative complication rate (33.3% vs 65.3% for the PA group and 71.4% for the DB group, P = 0.003) and re-operation rate (4.8% vs 38.8% for the PA group and 14.3% for the DB group, P &lt; 0.001). Compared with the BK group, the PA group showed a positive correlation with the complication rate and re-operation rate, with an odds ratio of 4.15 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57, 10.96] and 12.78 (95% CI: 2.58, 63.29), respectively. The DB group showed a positive correlation with the complication rate when compared with the BK group, with an odds ratio of 7.73 (95% CI: 1.67, 35.72). The weight-for-age Z-score at stoma closure was –1.22 (95% CI: –1.91, –0.54) in the BK group and –2.84 (95% CI: –4.28, –1.40) in the DB group (P = 0.039).ConclusionsThe Bishop–Koop procedure for severe jejunoileal atresia had a low complication rate and re-operation rate, and the nutrition status at stoma closure was superior to double-barreled enterostomy. The Bishop–Koop procedure seems to be an appropriate choice for severe jejunoileal atresia.
Parental Effects and Climate Change: Will Avian Incubation Behavior Shield Embryos from Increasing Environmental Temperatures?
Authors: DuRant Sarah E , Willson John D , Carroll Rachel B 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA major driver of wildlife responses to climate change will include non-genomic effects, like those mediated through parental behavior and physiology (i.e., parental effects). Parental effects can influence lifetime reproductive success and survival, and thus population-level processes. However, the extent to which parental effects will contribute to population persistence or declines in response to climate change is not well understood. These effects may be substantial for species that exhibit extensive parental care behaviors, like birds. Environmental temperature is important in shaping avian incubation behavior, and these factors interact to determine the thermal conditions embryos are exposed to during development, and subsequently avian phenotypes and secondary sex ratios. In this article, we argue that incubation behavior may be an important mediator of avian responses to climate change, we compare incubation strategies of two species adapted to different thermal environments nesting in extreme heat, and we present a simple model that estimates changes in egg temperature based on these incubation patterns and predicted increases in maximum daily air temperature. We demonstrate that the predicted increase in air temperature by 2100 in the central USA will increase temperatures that eggs experience during afternoon off-bouts and the proportion of nests exposed to lethal temperatures. To better understand how species and local adaptations and behavioral-plasticity of incubation behavior will contribute to population responses to climate change comparisons are needed across more avian populations, species, and thermal landscapes.
Optimizing Ergonomics in Breast Imaging
Authors: Seidel Rebecca L , Krupinski Elizabeth A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Breast imaging radiologists spend many hours seated at workstations and are therefore at high risk for repetitive strain injuries and computer vision syndrome. In addition, many perform hand-held sonography and image-guided procedures, which may present additional ergonomic challenges. In this article, we describe optimal ergonomics for breast imaging radiologists and discuss additional strategies to mitigate risks from work-related injury and improve overall physical well-being.
Functional impacts of non-coding RNA processing on enhancer activity and target gene expression
Authors: Ntini Evgenia , Marsico Annalisa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Tight regulation of gene expression is orchestrated by enhancers. Through recent research advancements, it is becoming clear that enhancers are not solely distal regulatory elements harboring transcription factor binding sites and decorated with specific histone marks, but they rather display signatures of active transcription, showing distinct degrees of transcription unit organization. Thereby, a substantial fraction of enhancers give rise to different species of non-coding RNA transcripts with an unprecedented range of potential functions. In this review, we bring together data from recent studies indicating that non-coding RNA transcription from active enhancers, as well as enhancer-produced long non-coding RNA transcripts, may modulate or define the functional regulatory potential of the cognate enhancer. In addition, we summarize supporting evidence that RNA processing of the enhancer-associated long non-coding RNA transcripts may constitute an additional layer of regulation of enhancer activity, which contributes to the control and final outcome of enhancer-targeted gene expression.
Mitotic motor CENP-E cooperates with PRC1 in temporal control of central spindle assembly
Authors: Liu Xu , Xu Leilei , Li Junying , Yao Phil Y , Wang Wanjuan , Ismail Hazrat , Wang Haowei , Liao Bryce , Yang Zhihong , Ward Tarsha , Ruan Ke , Zhang Jianchun , Wu Quan , He Ping , Ding Xia , Wang Dongmei , Fu Chuanhai , Dou Zhen , Yan Feng , Wang Wenwen , Liu Xing , Yao Xuebiao 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Error-free cell division depends on the accurate assembly of the spindle midzone from dynamic spindle microtubules to ensure chromatid segregation during metaphase–anaphase transition. However, the mechanism underlying the key transition from the mitotic spindle to central spindle before anaphase onset remains elusive. Given the prevalence of chromosome instability phenotype in gastric tumorigenesis, we developed a strategy to model context-dependent cell division using a combination of light sheet microscope and 3D gastric organoids. Light sheet microscopic image analyses of 3D organoids showed that CENP-E inhibited cells undergoing aberrant metaphase–anaphase transition and exhibiting chromosome segregation errors during mitosis. High-resolution real-time imaging analyses of 2D cell culture revealed that CENP-E inhibited cells undergoing central spindle splitting and chromosome instability phenotype. Using biotinylated syntelin as an affinity matrix, we found that CENP-E forms a complex with PRC1 in mitotic cells. Chemical inhibition of CENP-E in metaphase by syntelin prevented accurate central spindle assembly by perturbing temporal assembly of PRC1 to the midzone. Thus, CENP-E-mediated PRC1 assembly to the central spindle constitutes a temporal switch to organize dynamic kinetochore microtubules into stable midzone arrays. These findings reveal a previously uncharacterized role of CENP-E in temporal control of central spindle assembly. Since CENP-E is absent from yeast, we reasoned that metazoans evolved an elaborate central spindle organization machinery to ensure accurate sister chromatid segregation during anaphase and cytokinesis.
Seed provenance determines germination responses of Rumex crispus (L.) under water stress and nutrient availability
Authors: Pérez-Fernández María , Elliott Carole P , Valentine Alex , Oyola José Antonio 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Aims
Seeds of Rumex crispus from six provenances were studied in relation to their germination under drought and presence of nitrogen in the germination and emergence media. We also investigated whether adaptation to soil increases the ability of the species to colonize and establish in contrasting environments along a longitudinal gradient in western Spain by means of a reciprocal transplantation experiment.

Methods
We conducted a germination trial in the lab to test for the germination responses to water scarcity along a polyethylene glycol gradient and to varying concentrations of nitrogen compounds. Simultaneously reciprocal transplantations experiment was conducted, where seeds from six provenances were grown in the soils from the very same provenances. Seedling emergence, survivorship and fitness-related variables were measured in all plots.

Important Findings
We found that R. crispus has a cold-stratification requirement that enhances its germination. Significant differences between the six provenances were detected for time-to-germination, total seedling emergence, plant mortality and reproductive effort in all the experiments. The differences between provenances with respect to germination were confirmed by the significant statistical analyses of the variance, thus providing evidence that seeds from parent plants grown in different environmental conditions have an intrinsically different abilities to germinate and establish. Soil nitrogen content where seed germination and seedlings establish also play an important role in their performance in terms of survivorship and reproduction, being the higher levels of inorganic nitrogen and of microbial biomass those that increased biomass production, enhanced inflorescence formation and reduced plant mortality. We conclude that one of the main reasons for the spread and maintenance of R. crispus would be the increased levels of nitrogen in agricultural soils.
Occurrence of great magnetic storms on 6–8 March 1582
Authors: Hattori Kentaro , Hayakawa Hisashi , Ebihara Yusuke 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough knowing the occurrence frequency of severe space weather events is important for the modern society, it is insufficiently known due to the lack of magnetic or sunspot observations, before the Carrington event in 1859, which is known as one of the largest events of the last two centuries. Here we show that a severe magnetic storm occurred on 8 March 1582, based on auroral records in East Asia. The equatorward boundary of auroral visibility reached 28.8° magnetic latitude. The equatorward boundary of the auroral oval is estimated to be 33.0° invariant latitude (ILAT), which is comparable to the storms on 25/26 September 1909 (∼31.6° ILAT, minimum Dst of −595 nT), 28/29 August 1859 (∼36.5° ILAT), and 13/14 March 1989 (∼40° ILAT, minimum Dst of −589 nT). Assuming that the equatorward boundary is a proxy for the scale of magnetic storms, we presume that the storm in March 1582 was severe. We also found, by combining Euroepan records, that the storm in March 1582 lasted at least three days. The auroral oval stayed at mid-latitude for the first two days and moved to low latitude (in East Asia) for the last day. It is plausible that the storm was caused by a series of ICMEs (interplanetary coronal mass ejections). We can reasonably speculate that the first ICME could have cleaned up interplanetary space to make the following ICMEs more geoeffective, as probably occurred in the Carrington and Halloween storms.