bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimum viable population size of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: results from a stochastic model
Authors: Grimm Volker , Storch Ilse 
Published: May 2018

In order to estimate minimum area requirements for viable isolated populations of capercaillie Tetrao urogallus in Central Europe, we developed a stochastic population model. Model parameters were largely based on the results of a field study in the Bavarian Alps. Environmental fluctuations (amount of rainfall in June and July) are taken into account in the early survival of chicks. For the default parameter set, the model predicts a minimum capacity needed for viability, i.e. for the extinction risk not to exceed 1% in 100 years, of about 470 individuals. In the Bavarian Alps, this corresponds to area requirements of an isolated viable population in an order of magnitude of 250 km2. These results are, however, sensitive to small changes in model parameters such as female survival, clutch survival and chick survival. We conclude that minimum viable population size and minimum area requirements may vary considerably across the range of the capercaillie. Therefore, we plan to apply our model to different parameter sets from different regions in order to explore the range of conditions under which capercaillie populations may be viable.
Spring‐summer movements of male capercaillie Tetrao urogallus: A test of the ‘landscape mosaic’ hypothesis
Authors: Hjeljord Olav , Wegge Per , Rolstad J⊘rund , Ivanova Marina , Beshkarev Alexander B. 
Published: May 2018

The ‘landscape mosaic’ hypothesis predicts that adult male capercaillie Tetrao urogallus track available habitat when making distinct seasonal migrations. We tested this hypothesis by comparing movement from leks to summer range in three geographical regions, viz. northwest Russia (Pechora), southwest Russia (Tver) and southeast Norway (Varaldskogen). All radio‐collared males dispersed out of their daytime lek territories to an average distance of 2.3 km (±0.37) from lek centres (N = 52). In Russia, three birds, which were not included in this estimate, moved beyond the 6–7 km detection distance, but returned the following year. Due to large variation among birds at each lek, the only significant difference in movement was found between the birds at the lek in Pechora ( = 1.3 km) and those at one of the two leks in Tver ( = 3.6 km) and at one of the three leks in Norway ( = 3.2 km). At all leks except the one in Tver, the amount of suitable summer habitat, e.g. old Norway spruce Picea abies forest on rich soil, was smaller within a 1–km radius of leks centres than in the outer two 1–km zones. Despite a large proportion of old spruce forest at and near the lek site in Tver, the males at this site moved >2 km from the lek centre in late May/early June. When data were pooled, the dispersal distance did not correlate with the amount of old spruce forest nor with the size of patches (e.g. grain size) with increasing distance from leks. However, at the Norwegian study area, which is highly fragmented with a fine‐grained habitat mosaic due to commercial forestry, variation in topography and soil quality, birds tended to move farther away from the leks with increasing patch size and with increasing proportion of old spruce forest. When fitting a second polynomial regression function to the pooled data, there was only a weak relationship between dispersal distance and grain size for leks (P = 0.19). When including all birds, the relationship was highly significant (P = 0.002). The Pechora lek in northwest Russia contributed mainly to the lack of a clear relationship between movement pattern and distribution of old spruce forest. Here large, contiguous bands of old spruce forest were located along the main river courses in a coarse‐grained fashion within 2 km of lek sites. Thus, local configuration of preferred summer habitat at the landscape scale probably affects both direction and movement to a larger extent than predicted from the ‘landscape mosaic’ hypothesis.
Landscape requirements of prairie sharp‐tailed grouseTympanuchus phasianellus campestrisin Minnesota, USA
Authors: Hanowski JoAnn M. , Christian Donald P. , Niemi Gerald J. 
Published: May 2018

The prairie sharp‐tailed grouseTympanuchus phasianellus campestrisoccurs throughout the north central region of North America. It is of management concern because it has decreased in the southeast portion of its range over the past three decades, including marked declines in Minnesota and the Great Lakes region, USA. Although there is general knowledge about the habitat requirements for this species, no quantitative lek site or landscape information has been documented. We quantified landscape composition around active and inactive sharp‐tailed grouse lek sites and random points in brush landscapes in northeast Minnesota at multiple scales (200–3,000 m radii circles). Our objective was to compare landscape composition among these sites. We also developed a model to predict the probability of grouse lek site occurrence in the study area. Landscape composition around active and inactive lek sites differed from each other primarily at the 500 m and 1,000 m radii scales. Inactive sites had higher proportions of upland forest and brush cover types and active sites had a higher percentage of native grass than inactive sites. No differences were found in landscape composition between site types at the 200 m radius scale and only one landscape variable (number of cover types) was different at the 3,000 m radius scale. We found non‐random distributions of this grouse species at four different scales. Random brush land sites differed from both active and inactive sites having higher percentages of forest and brush cover. In contrast, lek sites had more bare ground, emergent aquatic vegetation, bog brush and roads than the random points. A regression model for the grouse at the 3,000 m scale was used to predict the probability of grouse occurrence in the landscape. The model resulted in a spatial map with about 8% of the area having a probability of grouse occurrence of >80%. This information can be used to locate new lek sites and to guide management activities for this species.
Distribution and status of the Chinese grouse Bonasa sewerzowi
Authors: Sun Yue‐Hua 
Published: May 2018

After the first discovery of the endemic Chinese grouse Bonasa sewerzowi in 1876 in the province of Gansu, the species has been found in several areas in China; most recently it was discovered in the county of Jiali in Tibet in 1997. Its distribution area should now be defined as Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet, corresponding to the distribution area of mountain conifer forest in central China between the altitudes of 2,400 and 4,300 m a.s.l. The habitat requirements of the Chinese grouse include two main factors; one is the presence of coniferous trees which are used for cover, and the other is the presence of deciduous trees and shrubs which are used for food. Due to intensive cutting of virgin forests during the past decades, the habitats of the Chinese grouse are heavily isolated and fragmented nowadays. However, due to present and future conservation measures in China, I believe in a better future for the species.
The influences of density on growth and reproduction in mooseAlces alces
Authors: Ferguson Steven H. , Bisset Alan R. , Messier François 
Published: May 2018

We test whether high moose density results in smaller moose, slower growth rates, lower reproductive rates, and more variable year‐to‐year population size by comparing demographic characteristics of 15 Canadian mooseAlces alcespopulations that spanned a range of population density (0.08–4.5 moose/ km2). Density negatively affected growth rate, reproductive rates and recruitment. We argue that primary productivity, measured as percent forest cover, and natural predation link density to reproduction in moose. Populations that lived in greater forest cover and experienced greater natural predation were associated with more predictable year‐to‐year variation in population size. In contrast, moose populations living in areas of low forest cover and low natural predation experienced greater density independent food limitation and greater unpredictability in population size. Thus, moose populations living in areas of low primary productivity and low natural predation show less persistence and require greater conservation efforts.
Structural, elastic, electronic and magnetic properties of quaternary Heusler alloy Cu2MnSi1-xAlx (x = 0 - 1): First-principles study
Authors: Benichou Boucif , Nabi Zakia , Bouabdallah Badra , Bouchenafa Halima 
Published: May 2018

We investigate the structural, elastic, electronic and magnetic properties of the Heusler compounds Cu2MnSi, Cu2MnAl and Cu2MnSi1-xAlx quaternary alloys, using the full-potential linear-augmented plane-wave method (FP-LAPW) in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) using the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE). Our results provide predictions for the quaternary alloy Cu2MnSi1-xAlx (x = 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5) in which no experimental or theoretical data are currently available. We calculate the ground state’s properties of Cu2MnSi1-xAlx alloys for both nonmagnetic and ferromagnetic configurations, which lead to ferromagnetic and metallic compounds. Also, the calculations of the elastic constants and the elastic moduli parameters show that these quaternary Heusler alloys are ductile and anisotropic.
A Spectroscopic Survey of Field Red Horizontal-branch Stars
Authors: Afşar Melike , Bozkurt Zeynep , Topcu Gamze Böcek , Casetti-Dinescu Dana I. , Sneden Christopher , Şehitog̅lu Gizem 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A metallicity, chemical composition, and kinematic survey has been conducted for a sample of 340 candidate field red horizontal-branch (RHB) stars. Spectra with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio were gathered with the McDonald Observatory 2.7 m Tull and the Hobby–Eberly Telescope echelle spectrographs, and were used to determine effective temperatures, surface gravities, microturbulent velocities, [Fe/H] metallicities, and abundance ratios [X/Fe] for seven α and Fe-group species. The derived temperatures and gravities confirm that at least half of the candidates are true RHB stars, with (average) parameters T
eff ∼ 5000 K and log g ∼ 2.5. From the α abundances alone, the thin and thick Galactic populations are apparent in our sample. Space motions for 90% of the program stars were computed from Hipparcos and Gaia parallaxes and proper motions. Correlations between chemical compositions and Galactic kinematics clearly indicate the existence of both thin-disk and thick-disk RHB stars.
No Evidence of Periodic Variability in the Light Curve of Active Galaxy J0045+41
Authors: Barth Aaron J. , Stern Daniel 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Dorn-Wallenstein, Levesque, & Ruan recently presented the identification of a z = 0.215 active galaxy located behind M31 and claimed the detection of multiple periodic variations in the object’s light curve with as many as nine different periods. They interpreted these results as evidence of the presence of a binary supermassive black hole with an orbital separation of just a few hundred au, and estimated the gravitational-wave signal implied by such a system. We demonstrate that the claimed periodicities are based on a misinterpretation of the null hypothesis test simulations and an error in the method used to calculate the false alarm probabilities. There is no evidence of periodicity in the data.
Structured Slow Solar Wind Variability: Streamer-blob Flux Ropes and Torsional Alfvén Waves
Authors: Higginson A. K. , Lynch B. J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The slow solar wind exhibits strong variability on timescales from minutes to days, likely related to magnetic reconnection processes in the extended solar corona. Higginson et al. presented a numerical magnetohydrodynamic simulation that showed interchange magnetic reconnection is ubiquitous and most likely responsible for releasing much of the slow solar wind, in particular along topological features known as the Separatrix-Web (S-Web). Here, we continue our analysis, focusing on two specific aspects of structured slow solar wind variability. The first type is present in the slow solar wind found near the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), and the second we predict should be present everywhere S-Web slow solar wind is observed. For the first type, we examine the evolution of three-dimensional magnetic flux ropes formed at the top of the helmet streamer belt by reconnection in the HCS. For the second, we examine the simulated remote and in situ signatures of the large-scale torsional Alfvén wave (TAW), which propagates along an S-Web arc to high latitudes. We describe the similarities and differences between the reconnection-generated flux ropes in the HCS, which resemble the well-known “streamer blob” observations, and the similarly structured TAW. We discuss the implications of our results for the complexity of the HCS and surrounding plasma sheet and the potential for particle acceleration, as well as the interchange reconnection scenarios that may generate TAWs in the solar corona. We discuss predictions from our simulation results for the dynamic slow solar wind in the extended corona and inner heliosphere.
Entreprises religieuses transnationales en Afrique de l'Ouest
Authors: Miran Marie 
Published: May 2018

Cette étude retrace à grands traits les trajectoires locales des mouvements réformistes ivoiriens, ghanéens et béninois, leurs ouvertures à l’international et leurs éventuelles convergences, dans le contexte des grandes villes côtières que sont Abidjan, Accra, Cotonou et Porto Novo. Il s’agit de poser quelques jalons pour une histoire des mouvements islamiques sur la côte de Guinée en s’attachant de manière privilégiée à la mouvance islamique dite « réformiste », appellation générique faisant ici référence aux individus, associations, écoles, activités ou médias musulmans non identifiés par une allégeance soufie. Ce terme, que les intéressés n’utilisent jamais, permet néanmoins d’identifier une « communauté de savoir » dont l’importance relative et la visibilité surtout urbaine, n’ont cessé de s’accentuer sur la scène islamique depuis les années 1970 et plus encore 1990. Mais les mouvements réformistes sur la côte de Guinée restent foncièrement pluriels et singulièrement autonomes.
Entreprises religieuses transnationales en Afrique de l'Ouest
Authors: Mayrargue Cédric 
Published: May 2018

Dans un contexte d’expansion pentecôtiste et de visibilité croissante des acteurs évangéliques dans l’espace public, cet article met en relation le caractère transnational de ces expressions religieuses et les mobilisations qu’elles génèrent dans l’espace social et politique béninois. Si les spécificités du contexte local et de la conjoncture politique ainsi que le jeu des acteurs tendent à atténuer les effets de la transnationalisation, celle-ci constitue cependant une ressource pertinente pour nombre d’acteurs. Cette étude s’intéresse successivement à trois niveaux de l’insertion sociale et politique de ces acteurs pentecôtistes : les stratégies de visibilité, les modes de structuration de la communauté chrétienne et les formes de mobilisation dans l’espace public.
Entreprises religieuses transnationales en Afrique de l'Ouest
Authors: Hassane Souley 
Published: May 2018

Les élites islamiques du Niger et du Nigeria partagent des itinéraires, des discours et des pratiques communs. C’est un fait historique : on retrouve de part et d’autre de la frontière les mêmes nationalités, la même typologie des acteurs islamiques : le Mallam (l’enseignant), le Shéhi (le chef confrérique), le Mai Wa’azi (le prédicateur), Mallamai Yan Boko (les intellectuels musulmans), le Mai taimakon addinni (les mécènes de l’islam). Cette contribution expose les différents leaders de l’islam du Niger et du Nigeria du Nord mais aussi les mutations générationnelles et conceptuelles des élites islamiques dans ces deux pays.
Redistribution classique : le sublime comme réponse à l’ aisthétisation du beau
Authors: Talon-Hugon Carole 
Published: May 2018

L’esthétique environnementale plonge-t-elle ses racines dans l’esthétique classique de la nature ? On montrera ici que non. La révolution scientifique moderne, en renonçant au Cosmos au profit d’un paradigme mécaniste corpusculaire de la nature a conduit à une subjectivisation du sensible. L’esthétique, qui naît au xviii e siècle, s’est d’abord donné pour tâche de prendre en charge le rapport sensible au monde que la nouvelle science négligeait au profit de l’étude des qualités premières. Mais l’intérêt de l’art, et notamment de la peinture, pour cette configuration particulière du sensible qu’est le paysage a produit une artialisation du rapport sensible de l’homme au monde, c’est-à-dire a conduit à considérer ce dernier sous les catégories de beauté et de sublime, à privilégier le sens de la vue, et à prôner une attitude désintéressée. Autant de traits avec lesquels l’esthétique environnementale contemporaine rompt.
Pour une esthétique de la charogne
Authors: Afeissa Hicham-Stéphane 
Published: May 2018

L’apport majeur de l’esthétique environnementale au cours de la seconde moitié du XX e siècle a consisté à démontrer qu’il existe un lien entre l’expérience esthétique et la connaissance scientifique, la science naturelle fournissant les schèmes classificatoires permettant de savoir ce qu’il convient d’apprécier et comment il convient de le faire lorsqu’il en va de l’appréciation de la nature. La réhabilitation des paysages des marais depuis le milieu du XIX e siècle offre une belle confirmation de la validité de cette thèse, cette dernière étant en effet largement redevable des leçons de l’écologie, à telle enseigne que l’on peut bien tenir les paysages des marais pour l’objet paradigmatique de toute esthétique environnementale. Mais peut-on espérer effectuer semblable revalorisation du spectacle intrinsèquement répugnant que donne à voir un corps en décomposition, quelles que puissent être nos notions sur l’écologie du recyclage des nutriments ? La charogne n’est-elle pas l’objet-limite de toute esthétique ?
Jalons pour une étude du corpus huguenot sur la tolérance au moment de la Révocation
Authors: Guillemin Thomas 
Published: May 2018

Cet article propose quelques éléments de réflexion
sur le « corpus huguenot sur la tolérance au moment de la
révocation », qui réunit un ensemble de textes produits entre 1684 et
1697 par des auteurs, protestants au moment où ils écrivent leurs
traités. L’article propose d’abord d’identifier les auteurs de ce
corpus : Noël Aubert de Versé, Henri Basnage de Beauval, Pierre Bayle,
Gédéon Huet, Charles Le Cène, Isaac Papin, Jacques Philipot, Elie
Saurin. Il met ensuite en évidence l’intellectualisme commun à tous
les auteurs retenus et justifie la présence dans le corpus de deux
théologiens de tendance socinienne.
L’image des « Turcs » dans les débats des temps modernes sur la tolérance
Authors: Sonntag Ines 
Published: May 2018

Cette recherche a débuté à partir de sources liées au discours sur la gestion des différents types de christianisme qui apparaissent dans le sillage de la Réformation et de la confessionnalisation. Répondre à cette problématique – que ce soit sous la forme d’un plaidoyer en faveur des interactions non-violentes et de la tolérance mutuelle ou d’un impitoyable appel à la restauration de l’idéal de la christianitas – revient bien souvent, d’une manière ou d’une autre, à faire référence aux « Turcs ». Le discours sur les « Turcs » a joué un rôle important dans l’incitation à la confessionnalisation et dans la lutte pour obtenir des droits politiques et religieux. Avec la systématisation et la catégorisation des images utilisées pour décrire « les Turcs », paraissent quelques récits qui remplissent tous une fonction spéciale dans le discours sur la tolérance de différentes dénominations chrétiennes. Il semble d’ailleurs que certains modèles linguistiques, et par conséquent l’appréciation des « Turcs » (et avec eux de l’« Islam » et de l’« Orient » dont ils étaient les représentants) furent significativement impactés par les débats internes au christianisme et dans un moindre degré par les rencontres entre chrétiens et musulmans.
Une tolérance à géométrie variable : catholiques et protestants, chrétiens et juifs, pouvoir royal et francisation
Authors: Léonard Julien 
Published: May 2018

La ville de Metz (20 000 habitants), sous
protection française depuis 1552, puis en voie de francisation
politique jusqu’à l’annexion officielle en 1648, constitue un
laboratoire à part pour observer la coexistence confessionnelle et la
tolérance accordée par la monarchie au xviie siècle. On y voit la
présence d’une forte minorité réformée (entre la moitié et le
cinquième de la population) qui bénéficie de certaines libertés
inconnues sous le régime de l’édit de Nantes, et d’une petite minorité
juive, protégée par la monarchie malgré le renouvellement de l’édit
d’expulsion du royaume en 1615.

La tolérance accordée à ces deux communautés par le
pouvoir politique est à géométrie variable. Tandis que les réformés
connaissent un sort de moins en moins favorable de la part des
autorités et du clergé catholique, jusqu’à devoir connaître les effets
de la révocation de l’édit de Nantes qui supprime leur liberté de
culte (1685), les juifs continuent à être protégés, malgré l’hostilité
des chrétiens locaux. Il faut y voir une volonté très pragmatique de
ne tenir compte que des intérêts (géo)-politiques et économiques les
plus immédiats de la monarchie, aux échelles locale et nationale, dans
une ville de frontière hautement stratégique.
Monitoring Magma Under Volcanoes: The Future Of Eruption Forecasting And Geothermal Energy
Authors: Eichelberger John 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Magma represents the most extreme environment in Earth's crust. Typical conditions at the top of a magma body are &gt; 50 MPa and &gt; 800°C. The location and conditions of magma storage were entirely speculative until recently when geothermal drilling encountered magma in Iceland, Kenya, and Hawaii. The door is now open, if appropriate sensors can be developed, to monitor conditions at the source of eruptions. This will move eruption forecasting, a concern for 10% of the world's population, from recognizing patterns in proxy surface measurements towards the reliability of weather forecasting. It can also aid in achieving a huge increase in productivity of geothermal energy, a clean, small-footprint, bed-load source. Aqueous fluids associated with magma are superheated to supercritical, providing 10× more effective transport of thermal energy and 3.5× more efficient conversion to electricity than conventional geothermal. As an added benefit, extraction from magma of 1 GWt for 30 years would render &gt; 1 km3 of magma uneruptable.