bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Ability of Novel Cardiac Biomarkers ST2, Galectin‐3, and NT‐ProBNP Before Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Polineni Sai , Parker Devin M. , Alam Shama S. , Thiessen‐Philbrook Heather , McArthur Eric , DiScipio Anthony W. , Malenka David J. , Parikh Chirag R. , Garg Amit X. , Brown Jeremiah R. 
Published: July 2018

Background

Current preoperative models use clinical risk factors alone in estimating risk of in‐hospital mortality following cardiac surgery. However, novel biomarkers now exist to potentially improve preoperative prediction models. An assessment of Galectin‐3, N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide (
NT
‐Pro
BNP
), and soluble
ST
2 to improve the predictive ability of an existing prediction model of in‐hospital mortality may improve our capacity to risk‐stratify patients before surgery.

Methods and Results

We measured preoperative biomarkers in the NNECDSG (Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group), a prospective cohort of 1554 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Exposures of interest were preoperative levels of galectin‐3,
NT
‐Pro
BNP
, and
ST
2. In‐hospital mortality and adverse events occurring after coronary artery bypass graft were the outcomes. After adjustment,
NT
‐Pro
BNP
and
ST
2 showed a statistically significant association with both their median and third tercile categories with
NT
‐Pro
BNP
odds ratios of 2.89 (95% confidence interval [
CI
]: 1.04–8.05) and 5.43 (95%
CI
: 1.21–24.44) and
ST
2 odds ratios of 3.96 (95%
CI
: 1.60–9.82) and 3.21 (95%
CI
: 1.17–8.80), respectively. The model receiver operating characteristic score of the base prediction model (0.80 [95%
CI
: 0.72–0.89]) varied significantly from the new multi‐marker model (0.85 [95%
CI
: 0.79–0.91]). Compared with the Northern New England (
NNE
) model alone, the full prediction model with biomarkers
NT
‐pro
BNP
and
ST
2 shows significant improvement in model classification of in‐hospital mortality.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates a significant improvement of preoperative prediction of in‐hospital mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and suggests that biomarkers can be used to identify patients at higher risk.
Contemporary Burden and Correlates of Symptomatic Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Go Alan S. , Hlatky Mark A. , Liu Taylor I. , Fan Dongjie , Garcia Elisha A. , Sung Sue Hee , Solomon Matthew D. 
Published: July 2018

Background

Contemporary data about symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (
PSVT
) epidemiology are limited. We characterized prevalence and correlates of symptomatic
PSVT
within a large healthcare delivery system and estimated national
PSVT
burden.

Methods and Results

We identified adults with an encounter for potential
PSVT
between 2010 and 2015 in Kaiser Permanente Northern California, excluding those with prior known atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. We adjudicated medical records,
ECG
s, and other monitoring data to estimate positive predictive values for targeted
International Classification of Diseases (ICD), 9th and 10th Revisions
codes in inpatient, emergency department, and outpatient settings. Combinations of diagnosis codes and settings were used to calculate
PSVT
prevalence, and
PSVT
correlates were identified using multivariable regression. We estimated national rates by applying prevalence estimates in Kaiser Permanente to 2010
US
Census data. The highest positive predictive values included codes for “
PSVT
” in the emergency department (82%), “unspecified cardiac dysrhythmia” in the emergency department (27%), “anomalous atrioventricular excitation” as a primary inpatient diagnosis (33%), and “unspecified paroxysmal tachycardia” as a primary inpatient diagnosis (23%). Prevalence of symptomatic
PSVT
was 140 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval, 100–179) and was higher for individuals who were older, women, white or black, or who had valvular heart disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, lung disease, or prior bleeding. We estimate the national prevalence of symptomatic
PSVT
to be 168 per 100 000 (95% confidence interval, 120–215).

Conclusions

Selected diagnostic codes in inpatient and emergency department settings may be useful to identify symptomatic
PSVT
episodes. We project that at least 0.168% of
US
adults experience symptomatic
PSVT
, and certain characteristics can identify people at higher risk.
Comparison of GlideScope Video Laryngoscopy and Direct Laryngoscopy for Tracheal Intubation in Neonates
Authors: Tao Bingdong , Liu Kun , Zhao Ping , Wang Dandan , Liu Yiming , Yin Hong 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND:
GlideScope video laryngoscope (GS) has been widely used to facilitate tracheal intubation in adults and pediatric patients because it can improve glottic view. Several investigations performed in pediatric patients have shown that GS provides a better view of the glottis than direct laryngoscope (DL). However, to date, there are no studies assessing the use of GS in neonates. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to compare time to intubate (TTI) when either GS or DL was used for endotracheal intubation in neonates.

METHODS:
Seventy neonates (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia) were randomized to GS group (n = 35) and DL group (n = 35). The primary outcome variable of the study was TTI. As secondary outcomes, success rate of first intubation attempt of all neonates, intubation attempts, and adverse events were also evaluated. The glottic views (depicted by Cormack and Lehane [C&L] grades) obtained with GS and DL were compared.

RESULTS:
There were no significant differences in TTIs of neonates with all C&L grades (95% CI, −7.36 to 4.44). There was also no difference in the subgroups of neonates with C&L grades I and II (n = 30 each; 95% CI, −0.51 to 5.04). However, GS significantly shortened the TTIs of neonates with C&L grades III and IV compared to DL (n = 5 each group; 95% CI, 4.94–46.67). GS improved the glottic view as compared to DL. Although the total tracheal intubation attempts in the GS group was fewer than that in the DL group (36 vs 41), there was no significant difference (P = .19).

CONCLUSIONS:
GS use did not decrease the TTI of all neonates and neonates with C&L grades I and II as compared to DL use; however, GS significantly decreased the TTI of neonates with C&L grades III and IV. Additionally, GS use provided improved glottic views.
Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Incident Glaucoma
Authors: MEIER NATHAN F. , LEE DUCK-CHUL , SUI XUEMEI , BLAIR STEVEN N. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the associations of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter fitness) with incident glaucoma in a prospective observational study.

Methods
Physical activity was measured by self-reported leisure-time activities, and fitness was measured by maximal treadmill test. Incident glaucoma was defined based on physician diagnosis. Participants were 9519 men and women between the ages of 40 and 81 yr old (mean age 50 yr) who were enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression after adjusting for age, sex, race, examination year, smoking status, heavy alcohol drinking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, abnormal ECG, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

Results
A total of 128 cases of incident glaucoma were reported during a mean follow-up of 5.7 yr. A significantly lower risk of incident glaucoma (HR = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.35–0.79) was found in individuals who met the physical activity guidelines of ≥500 MET·min·wk−1 compared with inactive individuals (0 MET·min·wk−1). Compared with low fitness (lower third), individuals with high fitness (upper third) also had a significantly lower risk of incident glaucoma (HR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.38–0.95). A joint analysis of physical activity and fitness showed that meeting physical activity guidelines and being in the high fitness category was associated with the lowest risk for developing glaucoma (HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.31–0.79).

Conclusion
These data provide epidemiological evidence that meeting physical activity guidelines or being fit reduces the risk of developing glaucoma.
Isometric Midthigh Pull Characteristics in Elite Youth Male Soccer Players: Comparisons by Age and Maturity Offset
Authors: Morris Rhys O. , Jones Ben , Myers Tony , Lake Jason , Emmonds Stacey , Clarke Neil D. , Singleton Dave , Ellis Matthew , Till Kevin 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Morris, RO, Jones, B, Myers, T, Lake, J, Emmonds, S, Clarke, ND, Singleton, D, Ellis, M, and Till, K. Isometric midthigh pull characteristics in elite youth male soccer players: Comparisons by age and maturity offset. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2947–2955, 2020—The purpose of this study was to (a) provide comparative isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) force-time characteristics for elite youth soccer players and (b) determine the effect of age and maturation on IMTP force-time characteristics. Elite male youth soccer players (U12 n = 51; U13 n = 54; U14 n = 56; U15 n = 45; U16 n = 39; and U18 n = 48) across 3 maturity offset groups (Pre n = 117; circa n = 84; and Post–peak height velocity n = 92) performed 2 maximal IMTP trials on a portable force platform (1,000 Hz). Absolute and relative values for peak force (PF) and impulse over 100 and 300 ms were analyzed. A full Bayesian regression model was used to provide probable differences similar to that of a frequentist p value. Advanced age and maturation resulted in superior IMTP force-time characteristics. Peak force demonstrated high probabilities of a difference between all consecutive age groups (p > 0.95). For absolute and relative impulse (100 and 300 ms), only 2 consecutive age groups (U14–15's and U16–18's) demonstrated high probabilities of a difference (p > 0.95) with large effects (d = 0.59–0.93). There were high probable differences between all maturity offset groups for PF and impulse with medium to large effects (d = 0.56–3.80). These were also reduced when expressed relative to body mass (relative PF and relative impulse). This study provides comparative IMTP force-time characteristics of elite male youth soccer players. Practitioners should consider individual maturation status when comparing players given the impact this has on force expression.
Measurement of Cortisol and Testosterone in Athletes: Accuracy of Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assays for Cortisol and Testosterone Measurement in Whole-Blood Microspecimens
Authors: Fragala Maren S. , Goldman Scott M. , Goldman Mildred M. , Bi Caixia , Colletti Julia D. , Arent Shawn M. , Walker Alan J. , Clarke Nigel J. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Fragala, MS, Goldman, SM, Goldman, MM, Bi, C, Colletti, JD, Arent, SM, Walker, AJ, and Clarke, NJ. Measurement of cortisol and testosterone in athletes: Accuracy of LC-MS/MS assays for cortisol and testosterone measurement in whole-blood microspecimens. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2425–2434, 2018—Biomarker monitoring provides insight into athletes' training tolerance but is limited by the need for office-based specimen collection. To facilitate self-collection during training, we developed liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry-based tests that measure circulating total cortisol and testosterone using a finger stick volumetric absorptive microsampler. Here, we describe the analytical validation of these tests. Forty-six Division I athletes (18–22 years, 30 women, 16 men) provided a 20-µL finger stick microspecimen and a 5-ml venous blood specimen from the forearm; the venous blood sample was analyzed using both normal volume serum analysis and analysis of dried whole blood (from the microsampler). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry on standard serum specimens obtained by venipuncture yielded total cortisol levels of 26.2 ± 11.6 µg·dl−1 (women and men), and total testosterone levels of 37 ± 17 ng·dl−1 in women and 564 ± 171 ng·dl−1 in men. Analytical measurement ranges of the microspecimen assay were 0.3–440 µg·dl−1 (CV <9%) for cortisol and 15 to 20,000 ng·dl−1 (CV <9%) for testosterone. Deming regression and Pearson correlation indicated good test accuracy for the microspecimen tests compared with venipuncture tests for cortisol (y = 0.98x + 1.34, 95% CI of slope = 0.83–1.14; r = 0.92, p < 0.0001) and testosterone (y = 1.06x − 0.01, 95% CI of slope = 0.99–1.14; r = 0.99, p < 0.0001). Similarly, high agreement was observed between finger stick and venous microspecimens for cortisol (y = 1.00x + 0.65, 95% CI of slope = 0.9–1.11; r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and testosterone (y = 0.97x + 2.75, 95% CI of slope = 0.9–1.03; r = 0.99, p < 0.001). These findings suggest the viability of finger stick collection whole-blood microspecimens for assessment of total cortisol and testosterone in athletes.
Running Intensities in Elite Youth Soccer by Age and Position
Authors: Duthie Grant M. , Thornton Heidi R. , Delaney Jace A. , Connolly Darragh R. , Serpiello Fabio R. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Duthie, GM, Thornton, HR, Delaney, JA, Connolly, DR, and Serpiello, FR. Running intensities in elite youth soccer by age and position. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2918–2924, 2018—The purpose of this investigation was to examine differences between the peak running speed, acceleration, and metabolic power of elite youth soccer across a range of age levels by position. Ninety-six elite junior soccer players were assessed between 2015 and 2017. Ninety-six elite junior soccer players (at time of match: age, 15.8 ± 0.9 years; body mass, 69.1 ± 8.0 kg) were assessed during 61 games within the 2015, 2016, and 2017 season, for a total of 441 individual match observations (4.8 ± 3.3 matches per player, range 1–13). Participants were classified by age group: under 15 (U15, n = 121, 14.7 ± 0.3 years), under 16 (U16, n = 176, 15.8 ± 0.3 years), or under 17 (U17, n = 144, 16.7 ± 0.4 years), and according to their playing position: Attacker (ATT), Defender (DEF), Mid-Fielder (MID), or Wide (WIDE). Participants wore global positioning system units during each match, where speed (m·min−1), acceleration/deceleration (m·s−2), and metabolic power (Pmet) were established. A 1- to 10-minute moving average was applied to establish the intercept (c) and slope (n) of running intensity variables as a power law y = cx
n
relationship. Linear mixed models were used to examine differences in the intercept and slope between age group and player position. There were no substantial differences in peak (intercept) or decline (slope) in running intensity between playing levels. Several differences were observed in the peak running speeds (m·min−1), particularly peak running speeds of ATT and DEF being substantially lower than the MID. Despite variability between positions, we suggest that the magnitude of these differences would not warrant the prescription of different running intensities across positions at the elite junior level. These findings describe the peak running intensities of elite junior soccer, useful in the monitoring and prescription of training to ensure that players are prepared for the most demanding periods of competition.
Integrating Resistance Training Into High School Curriculum
Authors: Pichardo Andrew W. , Oliver Jon L. , Harrison Craig B. , Maulder Peter S. , Lloyd Rhodri S. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
RESISTANCE TRAINING FOR YOUTH ATHLETES IS BECOMING INCREASINGLY COMMON. INTEGRATING A PERIODIZED RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM INTO SCHOOL CURRICULUM CAN HELP DEVELOP ATHLETICISM FOR ALL YOUTH. THIS ARTICLE AIMS TO PROVIDE AN OVERVIEW OF A RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM USED IN A NEW ZEALAND SECONDARY SCHOOL. PROVIDED IS AN INSIGHT INTO THE LEVELS OF PLANNING FOR AN EFFECTIVE ATHLETIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. PROPERLY SEQUENCED TRAINING BLOCKS ARE ESSENTIAL IN ACHIEVING LONG-TERM SUCCESS. IN ADDITION, COACHES MUST BE SUFFICIENTLY CERTIFIED AND QUALIFIED TO WORK WITH YOUTH, WHICH INCLUDES TAILORING APPROACHES TO VARYING LEVELS OF SKILL AND PROVIDING EFFECTIVE FEEDBACK.
El poder nacional y su inconveniencia política
Authors: VÁSQUEZ HINCAPIÉ DANIEL JOSÉ 
Published: July 2018

la constitución política de colombia contempla en su texto solo dos poderes en el estado, el primero, el poder soberano del pueblo, el otro, derivado del primero, el poder público, reconocido en sus tres ramas: legislativa, ejecutiva y judicial, donde el ejecutivo recoge la organización administrativa del estado con una característica de funcionalidad, así; por ejemplo, la defensa del país le corresponde al ministerio de defensa mediante el accionar de sus fuerzas militares.
en la organización estatal, como aquella que rigió hasta 1991, la soberanía era ejercida por el estado, sujeto activo de las normas y, por ende, su beneficiario.
en contraste, en el presente estado social de derecho se erigió a las personas como sujetos activos y beneficiarios, mientras que el estado se constituyó en un sujeto obligado o pasivo. para el caso de la defensa nacional, esta pasó a ser responsabilidad del estado para con sus ciudadanos, criterio de notable significación en la transformación de las nociones de poder en todas sus formas, puesto que, en relación con la defensa, el poder nacional ya no es la suma de todas las capacidades de los ciudadanos, sino solamente la de aquellos que libremente se comprometan en su realización. igual relación ocurre con el llamado poder económico, político o sicosocial de la nación, ya que no hace parte total del poder nación, por factores como la globalización que afectan al poder desde el exterior, al igual que lo hace el pluralismo en el interior.
cualquiera que sea la posición asumida por el ciudadano, corresponde al estado determinar los elementos con los cuales dé respuesta a las necesidades y, en el caso de la defensa nacional, deberá aceptar que el poder difiere del potencial, que todo no está disponible y que sus políticas hacia las fuerzas militares deben ajustarse a estas nuevas realidades, para que los planes militares estén de acuerdo con la medida de la capacidad política y administrativa del estado.
Problemas actuales de la protección de los derechos de los migrantes colombianos en ecuador
Authors: PARONYAN HAYK , BELTRÁN AYALA JOSÉ MARÍA 
Published: July 2018

aunque el fenómeno del desplazamiento interno en colombia ha recibido mayor atención por parte de ongs, organizaciones internacionales, políticos y académicos, la migración colombiana y el asilo en el extranjero se ha ignorado en gran medida a pesar de su creciente importancia. además, muy pocos estudios sobre la migración colombiana disponibles han tendido a centrarse en los flujos hacia ecuador.
esta investigación se centra en la migración de colombianos a ecuador para revelar los principales problemas que enfrentan los migrantes en este país en cuanto a su protección de los derechos humanos. fue objetivo también explorar el papel de las ongs en la protección de los derechos de los refugiados colombianos en ecuador.
este trabajo tiene un enfoque cualitativo, es de tipo exploratoria-descriptiva, en el cual, a través de la utilización de técnicas de recolección, revisión y análisis de fuentes secundarias de carácter documental se pretende dar respuesta a los objetivos inicialmente planteados en la investigación.
generación del movimiento estudiantil en Colombia. 1910-1924
Authors: Soto Arango Diana Elvira , Rivadeneira Vargas José Antonio , Duarte Acero Jorge Enrique , Bernal Villate Sandra Liliana 
Published: July 2018

El objeto de este trabajo se enfoca en analizar dos líderes estudiantiles, que vivieron el periodo del centenario de la independencia americana, pero a su vez les correspondió la época del movimiento estudiantil colombiano y la incidencia del de Córdoba en esta región latinoamericana. Nos referimos a Luis López de Mesa, (1884-1967) generación del centenario, y Germán Arciniegas (1900-1999) generación de los nuevos. El periodo histórico se toma de 1910 a 1924 que corresponde a primer y segundo Congreso estudiantil colombiano. Desde la historia política, se analizará a estos dos líderes estudiantiles que luego ocuparon el ministerio de educación, bajo gobiernos liberales. Se caracterizaron por la docencia universitaria, aportes en el periodismo y nuevos planteamientos de reforma hacia la universidad colombiana. Son dos figuras que se estudiaran desde la concepción que tenían sobre la educación, la universidad y sus propuestas universitarias desde la mirada de los movimientos estudiantiles y en especial lo que llegó del Movimiento de Córdoba a Colombia. La metodología se establece desde la comparada sustentada principalmente en fuentes primarias.
Análisis económico del sector cacaotero en Norte de Santander, Colombia y a nivel internacional
Authors: Vásquez-Barajas Eduardo Felipe , García-Torres Nelson Emilio , Bastos-Osorio Liliana Marcela , Lázaro-Pacheco Joordan Mauricio 
Published: July 2018

El objetivo principal es analizar económicamente el sector cacaotero en Norte de Santander, Colombia y a nivel internacional. El método es deductivo con estudio descriptivo y de campo. Se consultaron fuentes como instituciones del cacao en Colombia y a nivel internacional, así como fuentes documentales de organismos estatales y privados. En cuanto a resultados y conclusiones se tiene que en Norte de Santander, así como en Colombia, se requiere aumentar la producción de cacao y su tecnificación en el cultivo para aprovechar la alta demanda internacional de cacao y sus derivados, así como los buenos precios para ampliar su participación internacional, tomando la ventaja diferencial del cacao fino y de aroma. Lo anterior debe ir acompañado de la generación de valor agregado, competitividad, aprovechamiento de los tratados comerciales vigentes en Colombia y la proyección del cacao como cultivo clave del postconflicto colombiano.
Analisis Pola Konsumsi Pangan Berdasarkan Status IPM di Jawa Timur
Authors: Mayasari Dewi , Satria Dias , Noor Iswan 
Published: July 2018

The Pattern of Food Consumption Based on HDI in East JavaThe objectives of this article are (1) to analyze the influence of socio economic characteristics in influencing patterns of food consumption by HDI and (2) Analyze demand responses (elasticity) of East Java household to food prices and income changes. Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) and elasticity are used to answer the objectives by using microdata Susenas 2016. The result indicates that generally, socio economic characteristics contribute substantially in determining household food consumption patterns and based on their elasticity values, food commodities in East Java are price inelastic and more responsive to income changes.Keywords: Consumption Patterns; Demand Systems; LA/AIDS; East JavaAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik sosial ekonomi berdasarkan status IPM daerah terhadap pola konsumsi pangan rumah tangga dan (2) menganalisis elastisitas konsumsi pangan di Jawa Timur sebagai respons atas perubahan harga dan pendapatan. Model sistem permintaan Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) dan konsep elastisitas digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan tersebut dengan menggunakan data mikro Susenas 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum, karakteristik sosial ekonomi memiliki andil yang besar dalam menentukan pola konsumsi pangan rumah tangga dan berdasarkan nilai elastisitasnya, komoditas pangan di Jawa Timur bersifat inelastis terhadap harga dan lebih responsif terhadap perubahan pendapatan.