bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les mots de la démographie des origines à nos jours : une exploration numérique
Authors: Héran François 
Published: February 2019

Lancée fin 2010, l’application Ngram Viewer permet de suivre l’évolution du vocabulaire dans les millions d’ouvrages numérisés par Google Books, sur une période qui va du xviii e siècle à nos jours pour le corpus francophone. L’article s’en saisit pour étudier la visibilité très changeante du vocabulaire démographique dans la culture écrite. La première partie examine la sélection et l’organisation des données dans Ngram Viewer. Elle relativise les critiques sur l’absence de contexte des suites de mots (ou n-grams ). La seconde partie parcourt les rubriques de la démographie et montre que le déclin de la terminologie démographique depuis les années 1990 n’est pas un artefact. Sont touchés les concepts de l’analyse démographique liés au modèle matrimonial et les termes techniques désormais confinés dans les revues scientifiques, non couvertes par Ngram Viewer. Progressent en revanche les questions de société investies par les nouvelles générations de chercheurs : infertilité, mortalité périnatale, orientation sexuelle, nouvelles « transitions » à l’âge adulte, causes de décès, inégalités de santé, rapports de genre, intégration et discriminations, violences, systèmes de valeur. On en conclut que seule une démographie ouverte aux disciplines connexes peut retrouver sa visibilité d’antan et renouer le lien science/société aujourd’hui fragilisé.
La dynamique des patrimoines des ménages selon l’âge et la génération en France et dans la zone euro
Authors: Arrondel Luc , Coffinet Jérôme 
Published: February 2019

Le vieillissement démographique, conséquence conjointe de la baisse de la fécondité et de l’allongement de la durée de vie, est susceptible d’influencer en amont les comportements d’épargne des ménages, notamment dans un contexte de réforme du système de retraite public et d’une politique « d’activation » des individus. Par ailleurs, le patrimoine d’une population vieillissante aura une structure particulière, vraisemblablement moins axée sur les actifs risqués. Une question sous-jacente concerne alors la disponibilité de ce patrimoine pour financer l’économie : c’est le sens de la réforme voulue par la récente loi Pacte, visant en particulier à orienter l’épargne retraite vers les produits de fonds propres (actions) plutôt que vers des produits de taux (fonds euros). Aussi, convient-il d’étudier en quoi le niveau et la structure du patrimoine diffèrent en fonction de l’âge et de la génération des ménages. Dans la mesure où ces choix sont également susceptibles de dépendre de l’environnement institutionnel (système de retraite notamment) et du corpus fiscal, portant à la fois sur les plus-values, les produits financiers mais aussi les successions, il importe d’inscrire cette réflexion dans un contexte international. Ce texte porte un éclairage particulier sur la France, mais propose donc des comparaisons avec les principales économies européennes. Les données montrent que la distribution du patrimoine, total ou financier, s’est déformée depuis 30 ans au profit des vieilles générations. Par ailleurs, depuis 2008, la structure de l’épargne des Français est de plus en plus prudente, de moins en moins tournée vers les actifs risqués. D’un point de vue macroéconomique, ces éléments appellent à une meilleure allocation de l’épargne des particuliers vers des produits davantage susceptibles de financer l’économie, un des objectifs de la récente loi Pacte.
Visual Function With Bilateral Implantation of Monofocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Palmer Ana Martínez , Faiña Pablo Gómez , Albelda Antoni España , Serrano Mercé Comas , Saad Daniel Nahra , Céspedes Miguel Castilla 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate visual function of three types of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) and one monofocal IOL (as the control group) after cataract surgery.

Methods:
One hundred fourteen patients participated in a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study and received monofocal Tecnis Z9000 (AMO) (n=24, 48 eyes); symmetric diffractive multifocal Tecnis ZM900 (AMO) (n=26, 52 eyes); zonal refractive multifocal ReZoom (AMO) (n=32, 64 eyes); and asymmetric diffractive multifocal TwinSet (Acri.Tec) (n=32, 64 eyes) IOLs.

Results:
Mean binocular distance best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) (logMAR) was 0.05 for controls, 0.08 for ZM900, 0.07 for ReZoom, and 0.11 for TwinSet, with mean binocular distance BSCVA at near of 0.49, 0.06, 0.22, and 0.11, respectively. Mean contrast sensitivity was better for the monofocal IOL group than for the multifocal IOLs. Patients assigned to TwinSet had less favorable contrast sensitivity scores. Patients with monofocal IOLs had more frequently recommended near addition (74%) than those with multifocal IOLs. Patients with refractive ReZoom had also recommended near addition more frequently than the two diffractive groups. The percentage of dysphotopsia phenomena was 81% in patients with diffractive multifocal ZM900 compared with 48% in patients with mono-focal IOLs, 53% with refractive ReZoom, and 47% with diffractive TwinSet.

Conclusions:

The monofocal IOL showed better visual function and lesser photic phenomena than multifocal IOLs but patients were spectacle dependent. ReZoom provided better distance BSCVA than the TwinSet diffractive model. Patients with Tecnis and TwinSet diffractive multifocal IOLs were more spectacle independent than patients with ReZoom. Patients with TwinSet had the worst visual function. Patients implanted with the Tecnis diffractive ZM900 were those reporting more photic phenomena. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:257–264.]
Visual Results Following Implantation of a Refractive Multifocal IOL in One Eye and a Diffractive Multifocal IOL in the Contralateral Eye
Authors: Goes Frank Joseph 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To assess binocular visual results in patients who were scheduled to undergo cataract/refractive lens exchange with multifocal IOL implantation using a “mix & match” approach.

Methods:
This prospective study enrolled 40 eyes of 20 patients aged between 44 and 78 years (median age = 58.1 years) implanted with a refractive multifocal IOL (ReZoom) in their dominant eye and a diffractive multifocal IOL (Tecnis) in their non-dominant eye. Near, intermediate, and distance vision were assessed at 2 months following implantation. Patients underwent refractive lens exchange or cataract surgery in the dominant eye first, followed by the non-dominant eye 1 to 2 weeks later. Emmetropia was the goal for all surgeries.

Results:
Preoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was +2.019±1.417 diopters (D) (median: +2.063 D). The mean binocular distance decimal visual acuity was 1.06±0.60 D, the mean binocular intermediate decimal visual acuity was 0.50±0.90 D, and the mean binocular near decimal visual acuity was 1.10±0.40 D.

Conclusions:

Preliminary visual outcomes in this series of patients indicate good results at all distances. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:300–305.]
LASIK-associated Dry Eye and Neurotrophic Epitheliopathy: Pathophysiology and Strategies for Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Ambrósio Renato , Tervo Timo , Wilson Steven E. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To review the pathophysiology of LASIK-associated dry eye conditions and provide insights into prophylaxis to decrease the incidence of dry eye after LASIK and to treat the condition when it occurs.

Methods:
A review of the literature was performed on LASIK-associated dry eye and the experience of the authors was summarized.

Results:
LASIK has a neurotrophic effect on the cornea, along with other changes in corneal shape, that affect tear dynamics causing ocular surface desiccation. Dry eye is one of the most common complications of LASIK surgery. Symptoms of dryness may occur in more than 50% of patients, with other complications such as fluctuating vision, decreased best spectacle-corrected visiual acuity, and severe discomfort occurring in approximately 10% of patients. Preoperative dry eye condition is a major risk factor for more severe dry eye after surgery and should be identified prior to surgery. Optimization with artificial tears, nutrition supplementation, punctal occlusion, and topical cyclosporine A in patients with symptoms or signs of dry eye prior to LASIK decreases the incidence of more bothersome symptoms following surgery. Patients with LASIK-induced neurotrophic epitheliopathy often respond to topical cyclosporine A treatment, which treats the underlying inflammation and may benefit nerve regeneration.

Conclusions:

LASIK-induced dry eye and neurotrophic epitheliopathy are common complications of LASIK surgery. Optimization of the ocular surface prior to surgery decreases the incidence and severity of postoperative symptoms of the condition. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:396–407.]
Late-onset Infections After LASIK
Authors: Vieira Ana Carolina , Pereira Telma , de Freitas Denise 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To report two cases of infectious keratitis that developed 2 and 6 years after LASIK.

Methods:
Case 1 was a 56-year-old woman who presented with redness and decreased vision in the right eye 6 years after LASIK. Slit-lamp examination revealed inflammation of the flap interface, a partially detached flap, anterior chamber reaction, and hypopyon. Corneal scrapings were taken. Case 2 was a 23-yearold woman who presented with pain and a corneal infiltrate in the left eye 36 hours after eye trauma. She had undergone bilateral LASIK 2 years prior. The condition worsened despite treatment, and a flap amputation was performed.

Results:

Cultures revealed
Pseudomonas mesophilic
and
Fusarium solani
, respectively. Keratitis in case 1 resolved after 21 days of fortified antibiotic therapy. Visual acuity of 20/40 was achieved after antibiotic treatment in case 2.

Conclusions:

These case reports demonstrate the risk of microbial keratitis occurring years after LASIK and emphasize the need for lifelong postoperative vigilance by patient and physician. [
J Refract Surg.
2008;24:411–413.]
Diagnosis of Steroid-induced Glaucoma After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Yamaguchi Takefumi , Murat Dogru , Kimura Itaru , Negishi Kazuno , Yuki Kenya , Tsubota Kazuo , Ohtake Yuichiro 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
To report steroid-induced glaucoma after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:
A 50-year-old Japanese woman was referred for end-stage glaucoma 9 months after PRK. Topical fluorometholone 0.1% was administered for corneal subepithelial haze in both eyes for 9 months after PRK. Pneumatic non-contact tonometry values of intraocular pressure (IOP) remained normal (range: 11 to 17 mmHg), until she was diagnosed with end-stage steroid-induced glaucoma with extensive restriction in visual fields. At the patient's initial examination in our hospital, IOP measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry was 34 mmHg in the right eye and 32 mmHg in the left eye, but the estimated IOP as corrected by central corneal thickness measurement was >40 mmHg in both eyes.

Results:
The patient underwent uneventful bilateral trabeculectomies, resulting in reduction of IOP to <10 mmHg in both eyes.

Conclusions:

The underestimation of IOP after PRK led to advanced visual field loss. Careful evaluation of IOP, optic disc, and visual field tests are indispensable to avoid such a devastating outcome after PRK. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:413–415.]
Four-year Postoperative Results of the US ALLEGRETTO WAVE Clinical Trial for the Treatment of Hyperopia
Authors: Kezirian Guy M. , Moore Charles R. , Stonecipher Karl G. ,   SurgiVision® Consultants Inc WaveLight Investigator Group
Published: February 2019

Purpose
To evaluate the long-term refractive stability after LASIK for hyperopia with the WaveLight ALLEGRETTO WAVE Excimer Laser System.

Methods
All 151 patients enrolled in the 2000–2002 FDA study of the ALLEGRETTO WAVE laser were contacted by the investigators approximately 4 years after study completion to be evaluated for refractive stability.

Results
A total of 127/290 (43.8%) eyes in 68/151 (45%) patients presented for re-examination. Mean time from the examination taken at the 6-month followup stability endpoint in the FDA trial (Stability Exam) to the Post-Approval Exam was 3.9±0.39 years (range: 3.2 to 4.9 years). Stability of the manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) within ±1.00 D or less was seen in 119/127 (93.7%) eyes. Regression of effect of >1.00 D was seen in 6/127 (4.7%) eyes and progression of effect was seen in 2/127 (1.6%) eyes. Weak correlation of refractive changes with keratometry readings were seen in eyes that underwent >2.00 to 4.00 D treatment (R=0.31) and >4.00 D treatment (R=0.33), implying corneal remodeling may have played a role in the refractive change observed.

Conclusions

Refractive stability within ±1.00 D MRSE after hyperopic LASIK with the ALLEGRETTO WAVE excimer laser was seen in 93.7% of eyes at ⩾3 years after surgery compared with 6-month follow-up, supporting the conclusion in the FDA trial that refractive stability occurred by 6 months postoperatively. Refractive changes associated with keratometry changes were not significant in eyes that underwent ⩽2.00-D treatment. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S431–S438.]
Method for Optimizing Topography-guided Ablation of Highly Aberrated Eyes With the ALLEGRETTO WAVE Excimer Laser
Authors: Lin David T.C. , Holland Simon P. , Rocha Karolinne Maia , Krueger Ronald R. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of custom topographic neutralizing technique in treating highly aberrated eyes using the WaveLight ALLEGRETTO WAVE Excimer Laser.

Methods
A retrospective consecutive case series of 67 eyes with decentered ablations and 48 eyes with symptomatic small optical zones after previous LASIK underwent topography-guided retreatment with the ALLEGRETTO WAVE. Sixteen keratoconus eyes underwent topographic neutralizing technique photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). The study assessed preoperative and 6-month and 1-year postoperative results regarding best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), topography, and predictability.

Results

Sixty-seven eyes with previously decentered optical zones had an improvement of centration from 0.92 mm preoperatively to 0.30 mm postoperatively relative to pupil center (
P
<.01). Twenty-nine percent of these eyes gained 1 or more lines of BSCVA, whereas 71% had no change in BSCVA. Forty-eight eyes with previously small optical zones had an increase of the central monodioptric optical zone from 3.9 mm to 5.6 mm (
P
<.01). Nineteen percent of eyes had an improvement of at least 1 line, whereas 75% had no change in BSCVA and 6% lost 1 line. Sixteen keratoconus eyes had custom topographic neutralizing technique PRK as an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty. All eyes had improvement of astigmatism up to 5.00 diopters (D), with a mean change of 1.68±1.62 D. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was unchanged in 8 (50%) eyes, with 4 (25%) eyes gaining 1 line, 2 (12%) eyes gaining 2 lines, and 2 (12%) eyes losing 1 line of BSCVA at 6 months.

Conclusions

Management of some highly aberrated eyes is now possible with topography-guided ablation using the WaveLight ALLEGRETTO platform and custom topographic neutralizing technique. Safety was acceptable for small optical zone and decentered ablation retreatments. The topography-guided ablation could be an alternative treatment for keratoconus patients if keratoplasty is otherwise indicated. The algorithms for custom topographic neutralizing technique need further refinement. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24:S439–S445.]
Optical Ray Tracing for the Calculation of Optimized Corneal Ablation Profiles in Refractive Treatment Planning
Authors: Mrochen Michael , Bueeler Michael , Donitzky Christof , Seiler Theo 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Optical calculations have shown that wavefront-based ablation profiles as well as intraocular lens (IOL) implantations can cause residual aberrations or even induce significant additional aberrations due to the poor registry between the eye's optical components. These effects can be exacerbated in eyes that require higher corrections. Individualized eye models can provide accurate ablation profiles for these cases. The aim of this report is to analyze the relevance of individualized eye models for refractive treatment planning from a theoretical point of view.

Methods
A method for the customization of eye models based on various types of measurement data of a specific patient is presented and the calculation of optimal ablation profiles and IOL shapes by means of ray tracing through customized model eyes are discussed. Topography data with an original centration on the corneal apex were aligned on the pupil center for the creation of eye models.

Results
An ideal ablation profile or a customized IOL can be calculated based on the obtained individualized eye models. Calculations have shown that in theory ray-tracing optimized ablation profiles do not leave any residual aberrations in the eye whereas wavefront-guided corrections were found to have the potential to increase specific types of aberrations by a factor of two. This is due to the negligence of the multi-lens structure of the eye.

Conclusions

Optical ray tracing algorithms allow the highest degree of customization. The systematic induction of higher order aberrations by means of wavefront-guided treatments or standard IOLs has to be overcome by such a method. However, these theoretical observations must be compared to the corresponding measurement accuracies and precisions and they must be supported by future clinical trials. [
J Refract Surg
. 2008;24: S446–S451.]
A conceptual model of organochlorine fate from a combined analysis of spatial and mid- to long-term trends of surface and ground water contamination in tropical areas (FWI)
Authors: Cattan Philippe , Charlier Jean-Baptiste , Clostre Florence , Letourmy Philippe , Arnaud Luc , Gresser Julie , Jannoyer Magalie 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In this study, we investigated the management of long-term
environmental pollution by organic pollutants such as organochlorine
pesticides. We set out to identify conditions that are conducive to reducing
pollution levels for these persistent molecules and then propose a conceptual
model of organochlorine fate in water. Our approach looked at spatio-temporal
changes in pollutant contents in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) on a
large scale, in order to decipher the respective roles of soil, geology,
hydrology and past treatment practices. The case of chlordecone (CLD) on the
island of Martinique (1100 km2) was selected given the sampling
campaigns carried out since 2007 over more than 150 sites. CLD, its
metabolite chlordecone-5b-hydro (5bCLD) and the metabolite-to-parent-compound
ratio were compared. As regards the spatial variability of water
contamination, our results showed that banana cropping areas explained the
location of contaminated SW and GW, whereas the combination of soil and
geology factors explained the main spatial variability in the 5bCLD∕CLD
ratio. For temporal variability, these conditions defined a high diversity of
situations in terms of the duration of pollution, highlighting two groups:
water draining old geological formations and ferralsols or vertisols vs.
recent geology and andosols. A conceptual leaching model provided some key
information to help interpret downward trends in CLD and 5bCLD observed in
water. Lastly, a conceptual model of organochlorine fate is proposed to
explain the diversity of the 5bCLD∕CLD ratio in water. Our conclusions
highlight the combined role of soil and groundwater residence time for
differentiating between conditions that are more conducive, or not, to the
disappearance of CLD from the environment. This paper presents a model that
provides an overall perception of organochlorine pesticide fate in the
environment.
Long-term groundwater recharge rates across India by in situ measurements
Authors: Bhanja Soumendra N. , Mukherjee Abhijit , Rangarajan R. , Scanlon Bridget R. , Malakar Pragnaditya , Verma Shubha 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Groundwater recharge sustains groundwater discharge, including natural
discharge through springs and the base flow to surface water as well as
anthropogenic discharge through pumping wells. Here, for the first time, we
compute long-term (1996–2015) groundwater recharge rates using data retrieved
from several groundwater-level monitoring locations across India (3.3 million km2
area), the most groundwater-stressed region globally. Spatial
variations in groundwater recharge rates (basin-wide mean: 17 to
960 mm yr−1)
were estimated in the 22 major river basins across India. The extensive
plains of the Indus–Ganges–Brahmaputra (IGB) river basins are subjected to
prevalence of comparatively higher recharge. This is mainly attributed to
occurrence of coarse sediments, higher rainfall, and intensive
irrigation-linked groundwater-abstraction inducing recharge by increasing
available groundwater storage and return flows. Lower recharge rates
(<200 mm yr−1) in most of the central and southern study areas occur
in cratonic, crystalline fractured aquifers. Estimated recharge rates have
been compared favorably with field-scale recharge estimates (n=52) based
on tracer (tritium) injection tests. Results show that precipitation rates do
not significantly influence groundwater recharge in most of the river basins
across India, indicating human influence in prevailing recharge rates. The
spatial variability in recharge rates could provide critical input for policymakers to develop more sustainable groundwater management in India.
Porter le journal jusqu’aux nues
Authors: Simard-Houde Mélodie 
Published: February 2019

Durant les décennies 1890 à 1910, plusieurs quotidiens et périodiques, en France et au Québec, emploient des aérostats pour réaliser voyages et ascensions. Les ballons « La Presse », « Le Matin », le « Journal des voyages » ou « Le Journal », baptisés d’après les quotidiens éponymes, ont cependant une portée bien plus large que celle de simples moyens de transport. Par leur nom, par leur circulation, par les textes et imprimés qu’ils génèrent et lancent du haut du ciel, les ballons offrent une publicité remarquable au journal éponyme. Ils lui confèrent une visibilité dans l’espace, incarnent ses moyens financiers, sa diffusion ou encore les valeurs dites modernes dont le journal se veut le vecteur. Cette contribution interroge ainsi la portée et les modalités poétiques, symboliques et promotionnelles d’un type bien précis d’événement devant sa naissance à un moment singulier d’intersection entre innovations aéronautique et médiatique.