bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy and retention in care for people living with HIV in high-income countries: a protocol for an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Mbuagbaw Lawrence , Mertz Dominik , Lawson Daeria O , Smieja Marek , Benoit Anita C , Alvarez Elizabeth , Puchalski Ritchie Lisa , Rachlis Beth , Logie Carmen , Husbands Winston , Margolese Shari , Thabane Lehana 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionWhile access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV has expanded in recent years, additional efforts are required to support adherence to medication and retention in care. Interventions should be applicable in real-world settings and amenable to widespread use. The objectives of this overview are to identify effective pragmatic interventions that increase adherence to ART and retention in care for people living with HIV at high risk for suboptimal adherence and retention in high-income countries.Methods and analysisWe will conduct an overview of systematic reviews of studies on interventions which target improved adherence to medication and retention in care among high-risk people living with HIV in high-income countries (men who have sex with men, African, Caribbean and black people, sex workers, people who inject drugs, indigenous people and other socially marginalised groups). We will search the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE (Exerpta Medica Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PsycINFO, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. We will conduct screening, data extraction and assessment of methodological quality of the systematic reviews. Analysis will be narrative. Our findings will be interpreted in light of the certainty of the evidence, level of pragmatism, setting and population of interest.Ethics and disseminationOnly published secondary data will be used in this study, and therefore ethics approval is not required. Our findings will be disseminated as peer-reviewed manuscripts, conference abstracts and through community activities. The findings from this overview will inform a mixed-methods study among people living with HIV and health workers in Ontario, Canada.
Standardized ileal digestible amino acids and apparent metabolizable energy content in defatted black soldier fly larvae meal fed to broiler chickens
Authors: Mwaniki Z.N. , Kiarie E. 
Published: September 2018

Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) in defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) were determined in broiler chicks. A total of 180-d-old male broiler chicks (Ross 708) were fed a commercial broiler starter diet to day 13 of age. On day 14, birds were weighed and placed in cages (10 birds per cage; n = 6) and allocated one of two semi-purified cornstarch-based diets. The diets were nitrogen-free diet (NFD) for estimating endogenous AA losses and 20% crude protein test diet with BSFLM as the sole source of AA. All diets had 0.5% titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an indigestible marker and the ratio of cornstarch to sucrose and soy oil in the test diet was identical to NFD to calculate AMEn by difference method. Birds were given feed and water ad libitum. Excreta samples were collected on days 17–20 and ileal digesta on day 21. The SID of lysine, methionine, cysteine, threonine, isoleucine, and valine was 86.3%, 88.7%, 72.8%, 85.5%, 89.6%, and 88.6%, respectively. Apparent retention of gross energy in BSFLM was 64.5% ± 2.27% and AMEn was 2902 ± 101 kcal kg−1 dry matter. The data will aid in accurate incorporation of BSFLM in poultry feeding programs.
Entangled spacetime
Authors: Zizzi Paola 
Published: September 2018

We illustrate the entanglement mechanism of quantum spacetime itself. We consider a discrete, quantum version of de Sitter universe with a Planck time-foliation, to which is applied the quantum version of the holographic principle (a Planckian pixel encodes one qubit rather than a bit). This results in a quantum network, where the time steps label the nodes. The quantum fluctuations of the vacuum are the connecting links of the quantum network, while the total number of pixels (qubits) of a spatial slice are the outgoing links from a node n. At each node n there are a couple of quantum gates, the Hadamard gate (H) and the controlled-not (CNOT) gate, plus a projector P. The Hadamard gate transforms virtual states (bits) into qubits, the projector P measures a qubit at the antecedent node, giving rise to a new bit, and the CNOT gate entangles a qubit at node n with the new bit at node n[Formula: see text]1. We show that the above quantum-computational interpretation of spacetime entanglement has a geometrical counterpart. In fact, the quantum fluctuations of the metric on slice n are such that a tiny wormhole will connect one Planckian pixel of slice n with one of slice n[Formula: see text]1. By the quantum holographic principle, such a geometrical connection is spacetime entanglement.
Bounds on the norm of Wigner-type random matrices
Authors: Erdős László , Mühlbacher Peter 
Published: September 2018

We consider a Wigner-type ensemble, i.e. large hermitian [Formula: see text] random matrices [Formula: see text] with centered independent entries and with a general matrix of variances [Formula: see text]. The norm of [Formula: see text] is asymptotically given by the maximum of the support of the self-consistent density of states. We establish a bound on this maximum in terms of norms of powers of [Formula: see text] that substantially improves the earlier bound [Formula: see text] given in [O. Ajanki, L. Erdős and T. Krüger, Universality for general Wigner-type matrices, Prob. Theor. Rel. Fields 169 (2017) 667–727]. The key element of the proof is an effective Markov chain approximation for the contributions of the weighted Dyck paths appearing in the iterative solution of the corresponding Dyson equation.
Precision Medicine Approaches When Prostate Cancer Akts Up
Authors: Zhang Tian , George Daniel J. , Armstrong Andrew J. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Ipatasertib combined with abiraterone in PTEN-null prostate cancer improved progression-free survival in a randomized phase II study of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), providing clinical evidence of reciprocal activation between the Akt and androgen receptor (AR) pathways. These data revive the rationale for targeting PTEN loss in prostate cancer.
See related article by de Bono et al., p. 928
Community Acquired Acute Kidney Injury in Mansoura Nephrology Dialysis Unit: One Year Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Abdelsalam Mostafa , Elnagar Sherouk Salah Eldin , Mohamed Ashraf H. , Tawfik Mona , Sayed Ahmed Nagy 
Published: September 2018

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health problem with poor patient prognosis. We evaluated the clinical characteristics, risk factors, associated comorbidities, and outcomes of AKI patients. <b><i>Methodology:</i></b> A single-center prospective observational study. The patients were admitted in Mansoura Nephrology and Dialysis Unit over a period of 1 year from January to December, 2016. Patients were diagnosed as AKI or AKI in addition to chronic kidney disease according to the creatinine criteria of KDIGO 2013. All patients were subjected to complete history taking, physical examination, and full laboratory and pelvi-abdominal ultrasound investigations. The study outcomes were all-cause hospital mortality, and recovery of renal function. Predictors of mortality were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The study was reviewed and approved by local Ethical Committee of IBR. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We evaluated 199 (96 males plus 103 females) aged between 18 and 88 years old. Dehydration was the commonest precipitating factor for AKI in our patients (68.8%) and Oliguria was the commonest symptom present in 47.7% of patients. Intravenous fluids were received by 79.9% of patients, 22.6% of patients received diuretics, and 33.7% received renal replacement therapy in the form of intermittent hemodialysis. Death occurred in 25 patients (13.16%) and 69 (36.32%) showed no renal recovery. Shock and sepsis were the most significant predictors of mortality. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Community acquired AKI is a major health problem with high morbidity and mortality.
O truque do mestre
Authors: Rezende Gabriel Sampaio Souza Lima 
Published: September 2018

Muito se escreveu sobre “Chega de saudade” (Jobim/Moraes), sua relação com a bossa nova e com a questão da modernização da música popular no Brasil. Mas, sintomaticamente, pouco se discutiu a música propriamente dita. Sendo assim, releio algumas ideias apresentadas na literatura para elaborar formulações teóricas que me permitam construir uma interpretação da composição que articule modernização musical e modernização socioeconômica. Apesar de não se prender ao processo empírico de emergência e consagração da canção, minha interpretação se ancora em fatos concretos ligados à polarização que se estabeleceu entre Tom Jobim e Jacob do Bandolim em torno de “Chega de saudade”: nesses fatos estão as pistas para que se revele o truque do mestre.
O futuro do sambista e o sambista do futuro
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Paula Alves 
Published: September 2018

Crianças e adolescentes participam, com as suas famílias, das atividades das escolas de samba, tendo, há décadas, espaços próprios: ala das crianças; escolinhas de mestre-sala e porta- bandeira; baterias mirins, com a perspectiva de profissionalização e renovação nas próprias escolas; e escolas de samba mirins. Hoje há 16 escolas, majoritariamente derivadas das escolasmães, que fecham os desfiles na terça-feira, com mais de 25 mil participantes, e tentam inserir-se nas políticas sociais para a juventude, para a promoção da cidadania e a revitalização do sentido de comunidade. Mantêm estreito laço com sua vizinhança, contribuem para a valorização da cultura carioca e se apresentam como elemento fundamental do samba nas últimas décadas.
Inquietações de um viajante no apogeu do stalinismo
Authors: Alves Fabio Cesar 
Published: September 2018

Este artigo pretende analisar o relato da viagem que Graciliano Ramos fez à União Soviética e democracias populares no início da década de 1950. Para isso, leva em conta tanto os traços da realidade observada quanto as reações do próprio diarista, de modo a entender como o escritor militante foi capaz de criar uma forma literária que põe em discussão, indiretamente, aspectos cruciais da autocracia stalinista, à época impulsionada pela vitória na Segunda Guerra Mundial e pelo IV Plano Quinquenal. O ensaio recupera também parte da recepção crítica imediata da obra publicada em 1954 a fim de embasar as análises apresentadas.
Political Inequality in 38 Countries: A Distributional Approach
Authors: Somma Nicolás M. , Bargsted Matías A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article presents a “distributional” approach for the study of political inequality of voice (hereinafterPIV) which complements the prevailing “categorical” approach. It measures distributionalPIVusing a country-level political Gini index based on the 2004ISSPsurvey applied to 38 countries. This measure indicates how evenly political voice – as measured by individual engagement in several political participation activities – is distributed among the adult population. The authors highlight three results: 1) there is considerable cross-national variation in the political Gini, which ranges from 0.33 (Canada and New Zealand) to 0.81 (Hungary); 2) the political Gini is modestly correlated with categorical measures ofPIV; 3) political inequality is statistically and substantively higher in countries with younger and less consolidated democratic institutions, in those with predominantly clientelistic rather than programmatic political competition, and in less socioeconomically developed countries, though this last association is less robust than the formers.
MSWEP V2 Global 3-Hourly 0.1° Precipitation: Methodology and Quantitative Assessment
Authors: Beck Hylke E. , Wood Eric F. , Pan Ming , Fisher Colby K. , Miralles Diego G. , van Dijk Albert I. J. M. , McVicar Tim R. , Adler Robert F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe present Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation, version 2 (MSWEP V2), a gridded precipitation P dataset spanning 1979–2017. MSWEP V2 is unique in several aspects: i) full global coverage (all land and oceans); ii) high spatial (0.1°) and temporal (3 hourly) resolution; iii) optimal merging of P estimates based on gauges [WorldClim, Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily (GHCN-D), Global Summary of the Day (GSOD), Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), and others], satellites [Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), Gridded Satellite (GridSat), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP), and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42RT)], and reanalyses [European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) and Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55)]; iv) distributional bias corrections, mainly to improve the P frequency; v) correction of systematic terrestrial P biases using river discharge Q observations from 13,762 stations across the globe; vi) incorporation of daily observations from 76,747 gauges worldwide; and vii) correction for regional differences in gauge reporting times. MSWEP V2 compares substantially better with Stage IV gauge–radar P data than other state-of-the-art P datasets for the United States, demonstrating the effectiveness of the MSWEP V2 methodology. Global comparisons suggest that MSWEP V2 exhibits more realistic spatial patterns in mean, magnitude, and frequency. Long-term mean P estimates for the global, land, and ocean domains based on MSWEP V2 are 955, 781, and 1,025 mm yr−1, respectively. Other P datasets consistently underestimate P amounts in mountainous regions. Using MSWEP V2, P was estimated to occur 15.5%, 12.3%, and 16.9% of the time on average for the global, land, and ocean domains, respectively. MSWEP V2 provides unique opportunities to explore spatiotemporal variations in P, improve our understanding of hydrological processes and their parameterization, and enhance hydrological model performance.
Global Precipitation Measuring Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar Observations of Hailstorm Vertical Structure: Current Capabilities and Drawbacks
Authors: Mroz Kamil , Battaglia Alessandro , Lang Timothy J. , Tanelli Simone , Sacco Gian Franco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA statistical analysis of simultaneous observations of more than 800 hailstorms over the continental United States performed by the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) and the ground-based Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) network has been carried out. Several distinctive features of DPR measurements of hail-bearing columns, potentially exploitable by hydrometeor classification algorithms, are identified. In particular, the height and the strength of the Ka-band reflectivity peak show a strong relationship with the hail shaft area within the instrument field of view (FOV). Signatures of multiple scattering (MS) at the Ka band are observed for a range of rimed particles, including but not exclusively for hail. MS amplifies uncertainty in the effective Ka reflectivity estimate and has a negative impact on the accuracy of dual-frequency rainfall retrievals at the ground. The hydrometeor composition of convective cells presents a large inhomogeneity within the DPR FOV. Strong nonuniform beamfilling (NUBF) introduces large ambiguities in the attenuation correction at Ku and Ka bands, which additionally hamper quantitative retrievals. The effective detection of profiles affected by MS is a very challenging task, since the inhomogeneity within the DPR FOV may result in measurements that look remarkably like MS signatures. The shape of the DPR reflectivity profiles is the result of the complex interplay between the scattering properties of the different hydrometeors, NUBF, and MS effects, which significantly reduces the ability of the DPR system to detect hail at the ground.
Atmospheric Response to SST Anomalies. Part I: Background-State Dependence, Teleconnections, and Local Effects in Winter
Authors: Thomson Stephen I. , Vallis Geoffrey K. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The atmospheric response to SST anomalies is notoriously difficult to simulate and may be sensitive to model details and biases, particularly in midlatitudes. Studies have suggested that the response is particularly sensitive to a model’s background wind field and its variability. The dependence on such factors has meant that it is difficult to know what responses, if any, are robust, and whether the system itself is sensitive or whether models themselves are failing. Our goal in this work is to better understand the geographical and seasonal dependence of the atmospheric response to SST anomalies, with particular attention to the role of the background state. We examine the response of an idealized atmospheric model to SST anomalies using two slightly different configurations of continents and topography. These configurations give rise to different background wind fields and variability within the same season and therefore give a measure of how robust a response is to small changes in the background state. We find that many of the midlatitude SST anomalies considered do not produce responses that are common across our model configurations, confirming that this problem is very sensitive to the background state. Local responses in the tropics, however, are much more robust. Some of the basic-state dependence seen in midlatitudes appears to be related to the structure of both the model’s modes of internal variability and the stationary wave field. In addition, midlatitude responses involving a significant amount of vertical temperature advection produce larger-scale responses, consistent with recent studies of atmospheric responses near strong western boundary currents.
Comparative Evaluation of Snowfall Retrievals from the CloudSat W-band Radar Using Ground-Based Weather Radars
Authors: Matrosov Sergey Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInstantaneous liquid-equivalent snowfall rates S retrieved from CloudSat W-band cloud radar reflectivity Ze measurements are compared to estimates of S from operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) systems when the CloudSat satellite overflew the ground-based radar sites during spatially extensive nimbostratus snowfall events. For these comparisons, the ground-based radar measurements are interpolated to closely match in space and time spaceborne radar resolution volumes above ground clutter, thus avoiding uncertainties in deriving near-surface snowfall rates from measurements aloft by both radar types. Although typical uncertainties of both ground-based and spaceborne snowfall-rate retrieval approaches are quite high, the results from the standard optimal estimation CloudSat 2C-SNOW-PROFILE algorithm are on average in good agreement with the WSR-88D default snowfall algorithm results with correlation coefficients being around 0.8–0.85. The CloudSat standard optimal estimation snowfall-rate products are also shown to be in satisfactory agreement with retrievals from several simple W-band Ze–S relations suggested earlier. The snowfall rate and snow/ice water content (IWC) parameters from the CloudSat 2C-SNOW-PROFILE algorithm are highly interdependent. A tight relation between S and IWC is apparently introduced through the ice particle fall velocity assumption that is made in the reflectivity-based snowfall retrieval algorithm. This suggests that ice sedimentation rate estimates can also be deduced from applications of numerous empirical IWC–reflectivity relations derived previously for different cloud conditions when appropriate assumptions about fall velocities are made. Intercomparisons between different CloudSat snow/ice water content products indicated significant discrepancies in IWC values from different standard CloudSat retrieval algorithms.
Virtual Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Simulation with 3D‐Printed Models for Mixed‐Reality Nasal Endoscopy
Authors: Barber Samuel R. , Jain Saurabh , Son Young‐Jun , Chang Eugene H. 
Published: September 2018

The surgeon's knowledge of a patient's individual anatomy is critical in skull base surgery. Trainees and experienced surgeons can benefit from surgical simulation; however, current models are expensive and impractical for widespread use. In this study, we report a next‐generation mixed‐reality surgical simulator. We segmented critical anatomic structures for 3‐dimensional (3D) models to develop a modular teaching tool. We then developed a navigation tracking system utilizing a 3D‐printed endoscope as a trackable virtual‐reality (VR) controller and validated the accuracy on VR and 3D‐printed skull models within 1 cm. We combined VR and augmented‐reality visual cues with our 3D physical model to simulate sinus endoscopy and highlight segmented structures in real time. This report provides evidence that a mixed‐reality simulator combining VR and 3D‐printed models is feasible and may prove useful as an educational tool that is low cost and customizable.
Assessment and Treatment of Behavioral Disorders in Children with Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bigler Diana , Burke Kristen , Laureano Nicholas , Alfonso Kristan , Jacobs Julie , Bush Matthew L. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveThere is evidence that children who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) have a higher incidence of behavioral disorders. Assessment of behavioral health in this population is often complicated by language developmental delays, which may result in unrecognized and untreated behavioral problems. The purpose of this study is to assess the association of behavioral disorders among children who are DHH and to explore behavioral interventions for children in this population.Data SourcesPubMed, CINALH, PsychINFO, and Web of Science.Review MethodsSearch terms included the following: problem behavior, child behavior disorders/diagnosis, child behavior disorders/psychology coupled with hearing loss, cochlear implants, hearing aids, or deafness. Studies from the last 30 years (1985‐2016) were included. The articles were reviewed independently by 3 reviewers.ResultsThirty‐six articles met criteria. There was an association between internalizing behaviors and hearing loss among children, which may persist after cochlear implantation. These problems may be more pronounced for children with additional disabilities. Conduct and hyperactivity disorders as well as emotional and executive function problems among children who are DHH may be related to poor language development. There was limited evidence regarding interventions to address the behavioral disorders of DHH children.ConclusionsThere is a significant body of evidence demonstrating behavioral problems among DHH children but a lack of clear understanding of the mechanisms involved. There is limited evidence on interventions to address the behavioral problems of DHH children. Future research is warranted to mitigate the long‐term effects of disruptive behavior among these children.