bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variants in the BACH2 and CLEC16A gene might be associated with susceptibility to insulin‐triggered type 1 diabetes
Authors: Onuma Hiroshi , Kawamura Ryoichi , Tabara Yasuharu , Yamashita Masakatsu , Ohashi Jun , Kawasaki Eiji , Imagawa Akihisa , Yamada Yuya , Chujo Daisuke , Takahashi Kenji , Suehiro Tadashi , Takata Yasunori , Osawa Haruhiko , Makino Hideichi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAim/IntroductionInsulin administration was found to trigger type 1 diabetes in six Japanese type 2 diabetes patients with type 1 diabetes high‐risk human leukocyte antigen class II and the class I allele of the insulin gene variable number tandem repeat genotype. The objective of the present study was to assess the contribution of non‐human leukocyte antigen single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the risk of developing insulin‐triggered type 1 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe genotyped 13 type 1 diabetes susceptible SNPs in six patients and compared them with those in Japanese controls (Hap Map3‐JPT). The SNPs that showed statistically significant results were further analyzed using non‐diabetic control participants and participants with type 2 diabetes at the Ehime University Hospital.ResultsThe risk allele frequency of BACH2 rs3757247 in the six patients was significantly more frequent than that in 86 Japanese controls (P = 0.038). No significant difference in the allele frequency was observed in the other SNPs. This result was confirmed by the findings that the risk allele frequency of BACH2 in the six patients was significantly higher than that in the non‐diabetic control participants (n = 179) and type 2 diabetes with or without insulin treatment (n = 154 or n = 152; P = 0.035, 0.034 or 0.037, respectively). Despite being statistically not significant, the six patients were all homozygous for the CLEC16A rs12708716 risk allele and five were homozygous for the CLEC16A rs2903692 risk allele.ConclusionsIn addition to type 1 diabetes high‐risk human leukocyte antigen class II and the class I allele of the insulin gene variable number tandem repeat genotype, the possibility that the risk variants of BACH2 and CLEC16A could contribute to the development of insulin‐triggered type 1 diabetes cannot be excluded.
No selection for change in polyandry under experimental evolution
Authors: Sutter Andreas , Travers Laura M. , Weedon Melanie , Oku Keiko , Price Thomas A. R. , Wedell Nina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhat drives mating system variation is a major question in evolutionary biology. Female multiple mating (polyandry) has diverse evolutionary consequences, and there are many potential benefits and costs of polyandry. However, our understanding of its evolution is biased towards studies enforcing monandry in polyandrous species. What drives and maintains variation in polyandry between individuals, genotypes, populations and species remains poorly understood. Genetic variation in polyandry may be actively maintained by selection, or arise by chance if polyandry is selectively neutral. In Drosophila pseudoobscura, there is genetic variation in polyandry between and within populations. We used isofemale lines to found replicate populations with high or low initial levels of polyandry and tracked polyandry under experimental evolution over seven generations. Polyandry remained relatively stable, reflecting the starting frequencies of the experimental populations. There were no clear fitness differences between high versus low polyandry genotypes, and there was no signature of balancing selection. We confirmed these patterns in direct comparisons between evolved and ancestral females and found no consequences of polyandry for female fecundity. The absence of differential selection even when initiating populations with major differences in polyandry casts some doubt on the importance of polyandry for female fitness.
Imagining Animal Rights in Nineteenth‐century New York: Satire and Strategy in the Animal Protection Movement
Authors: Ingram Darcy 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn 1866, America's most widely circulating newspaper the New York Herald published an extended satire directed at Henry Bergh and his newly established American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, the first animal protection organization to be established in the United States. This article takes the Herald authors' decision to satirize the animal protection movement by framing it in terms of animal ‘rights’ as an opportunity to consider the challenges associated with that frame. Weighing the ease with which the movement could be ridiculed through the concept of rights and the broader discursive landscape connected to the rights of blacks and of women in the wake of the Civil War, it argues that animal rights was far more useful as a framing strategy to the critics of the animal protection movement than it was to its proponents. In turn, the article suggests that the challenges associated with the concept of animal rights that are revealed in this satire help to explain the dominance for much of the movement's history of the animal welfare frame over that of animal rights.
White striping prevalence and its effect on meat quality of broiler breast fillets under commercial conditions
Authors: Golzar Adabi Shahram , Demirok Soncu Eda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWhite striping (WS), characterized by white striations on the Pectoralis major muscle, is an emerging problem for the broiler industry. Thus, the impact of WS on meat quality has become a current research topic. In this context, a 2‐year follow‐up study, to reveal the prevalence of WS in broiler integrations, was undertaken. Additionally, a laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the oxidative quality during storage and the differences in proximate composition, colour and fatty acid and amino acid profiles of broiler breast fillets scored visually as normal, moderate and severe. In integrations, the WS incidence increased with increasing broiler age and more than 50% of breast fillets obtained from 32‐ to 35‐day‐old broilers and 36‐ to 39‐day‐old broilers had stripes with different scores. Lower protein and higher fat contents were measured in the moderate and severe scored fillets than the normal fillets (p < 0.001). Severe score stripes induced the formation of less redness on the ventral surface (p < 0.05) and a darker colour on the dorsal surface (p < 0.01). The lowest histidine, arginine and tryptophan amounts were determined in severe fillets (p < 0.05). Moderate and severe scored fillets were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids implying that they were sensitive to lipid oxidation. That suggestion was further proven by the higher TBARS values. Freeze‐thawing induced the formation of carbonyl compounds, but it did not cause differences in sulphydryl groups. Briefly, we suggest that different WS scores may affect the physicochemical and oxidative quality of breast fillets; however, more studies are needed to assert an accurate and explicit judgement.
Incidence and risk factors for recurrence of endocrinopathic laminitis in horses
Authors: de Laat Melody A. , Reiche Dania B. , Sillence Martin N. , McGree James M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundEndocrinopathic laminitis is common in horses and ponies, but the recurrence rate of the disease is poorly defined.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, the recurrence of endocrinopathic laminitis.AnimalsPrivately owned horses and ponies with acute laminitis (n = 317, of which 276 cases with endocrinopathic laminitis were followed up to study completion).MethodsThis prospective cohort study collected data on veterinary‐diagnosed cases of acute laminitis for 2 years. Each case was classified on acceptance to the study as endocrinopathic or non‐endocrinopathic using data collected in a questionnaire completed by the animal's veterinarian. Follow‐up data were collected at regular intervals to determine whether the laminitis recurred in the 2‐year period after diagnosis.ResultsThe recurrence rate for endocrinopathic laminitis was 34.1%. The risk of recurrence during the 2‐year study period increased with basal, fasted serum insulin concentration (P ≤ .05), with the probability of recurrence increasing markedly as the insulin concentration increased beyond the normal range (0‐20 μIU/mL) to over the threshold for normal (up to approximately 45 μIU/mL). Being previously diagnosed with laminitis (before the study; P = .05) was also a risk factor for recurrent laminitis. Cases with a higher Obel grade of laminitis were likely (P = .05) to recur sooner.Conclusions and clinical importanceKnowing that hyperinsulinemia and being previously diagnosed with laminitis are significant risk factors for recurrence will enable clinicians to proactively address these factors, thereby potentially reducing the risk of recurrence of laminitis.
Drought‐responsive genes, late embryogenesis abundant group3 (LEA3) and vicinal oxygen chelate, function in lipid accumulation in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis mainly via enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing ROS
Authors: Liang Yu , Kang Kai , Gan Lu , Ning Shaobo , Xiong Jinye , Song Shuyao , Xi Lingzhi , Lai Senying , Yin Yongtai , Gu Jianwei , Xiang Jun , Li Shisheng , Wang Baoshan , Li Maoteng 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDrought is an abiotic stress that affects plant growth, and lipids are the main economic factor in the agricultural production of oil crops. However, the molecular mechanisms of drought response function in lipid metabolism remain little known. In this study, overexpression (OE) of different copies of the drought response genes LEA3 and VOC enhanced both drought tolerance and oil content in Brassica napus and Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, seed size, membrane stability and seed weight were also improved in OE lines. In contrast, oil content and drought tolerance were decreased in the AtLEA3 mutant (atlea3) and AtVOC‐RNAi of Arabidopsis and in both BnLEA‐RNAi and BnVOC‐RNAi B. napus RNAi lines. Hybrids between two lines with increased or reduced expression (LEA3‐OE with VOC‐OE, atlea3 with AtVOC‐RNAi) showed corresponding stronger trends in drought tolerance and lipid metabolism. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed the mechanisms of drought response gene function in lipid accumulation and drought tolerance. Gene networks involved in fatty acid (FA) synthesis and FA degradation were up‐ and down‐regulated in OE lines, respectively. Key genes in the photosynthetic system and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism were up‐regulated in OE lines and down‐regulated in atlea3 and AtVOC‐RNAi lines, including LACS9, LIPASE1, PSAN, LOX2 and SOD1. Further analysis of photosynthetic and ROS enzymatic activities confirmed that the drought response genes LEA3 and VOC altered lipid accumulation mainly via enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and reducing ROS. The present study provides a novel way to improve lipid accumulation in plants, especially in oil production crops.
Comparative proteomics combined with analyses of transgenic plants reveal ZmREM1.3 mediates maize resistance to southern corn rust
Authors: Wang Shunxi , Chen Zan , Tian Lei , Ding Yezhang , Zhang Jun , Zhou Jinlong , Liu Ping , Chen Yanhui , Wu Liuji 
Published: April 2019

SummarySouthern corn rust (SCR), which is a destructive disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw. (P. polysora), commonly occurs in warm‐temperate and tropical regions. To identify candidate proteins related to SCR resistance and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize–P. polysora interaction, a comparative proteomic analysis of susceptible and resistant maize lines was performed. Statistical analyses revealed 1489 differentially abundant proteins in the resistant line, as well as 1035 differentially abundant proteins in the susceptible line. After the P. polysora infection, the abundance of one remorin protein (ZmREM1.3) increased in the resistant genotype, but decreased in the susceptible genotype. Plant‐specific remorins are important for responses to microbial infections as well as plant signalling processes. In this study, transgenic maize plants overexpressing ZmREM1.3 exhibited enhanced resistance to the biotrophic P. polysora. In contrast, homozygous ZmREM1.3 UniformMu mutant plants were significantly more susceptible to P. polysora than wild‐type plants. Additionally, the ZmREM1.3‐overexpressing plants accumulated more salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Moreover, the expression levels of defence‐related genes were higher in ZmREM1.3‐overexpressing maize plants than in non‐transgenic control plants in response to the P. polysora infection. Overall, our results provide evidence that ZmREM1.3 positively regulates maize defences against P. polysora likely via SA/JA‐mediated defence signalling pathways. This study represents the first large‐scale proteomic analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the maize–P. polysora interaction. This is also the first report confirming the remorin protein family affects plant resistance to SCR.
Does vertical specialisation increase productivity?
Authors: Constantinescu Cristina , Mattoo Aaditya , Ruta Michele 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of global value chain (GVC) participation on productivity. It uses data on trade in value‐added from the World Input‐Output Database. The results based on a panel estimation covering 13 sectors in 40 countries over 15 years suggest that participation in GVCs is a significant driver of labour productivity. Backward participation in GVCs, that is, the use of imported inputs to produce for exports, emerges as particularly important. An increase by 10% in the level of GVC participation increased average productivity by close to 1.6%.
Endothelial keratoplasty for corneal endothelial dystrophy in a dog
Authors: Armour Micki D. , Askew Timothy E. , Eghrari Allen O. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of an endothelial keratoplasty procedure at defined intervals to 1 year postoperatively for the treatment of corneal endothelial dystrophy (CED) in a canine patient.ProcedureA dog diagnosed with CED with progressive corneal edema underwent an endothelial keratoplasty. The patient was examined pre‐ and postoperatively with slit lamp biomicroscopy and ultrasonic pachymetry.ResultsMean central corneal thickness (CCT) measured with pachymetry was >1400 μm preoperatively and decreased postoperatively to 725 μm. The transplanted donor tissue became transparent 2 weeks postoperatively and incorporated with the recipient cornea. The graft remained transparent throughout the duration of the postoperative period evaluated in this study (2 weeks postoperatively to 1 year). The canine patient was comfortable pre‐ and postoperatively.ConclusionsEndothelial keratoplasty is a potential therapeutic option for canine cases with progressive corneal thickening due to CED. As this is a single case study, further investigation into the use of endothelial keratoplasty to treat CED is warranted. Moreover, canine patients with CED might serve as a surgical model for human patients with Fuchs’ Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy.
Effectiveness of transoral incisionless fundoplication compared to Toupet fundoplication for chronic or refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Joseph Simi Jesto , Ebstein Ann Marie Mazzella , Sapp Alysha 
Published: April 2019

Review objective/question:
The objective of this review is to determine which 270-degree fundoplication procedure has a better outcome in patients with chronic or refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This review will identify the fundoplication approach for chronic or refractory GERD that provides better reflux control with minimal post-procedure complications.
The question of this review is: what is the effectiveness of transoral incisionless fundoplication compared to Toupet fundoplication in adult patients with chronic or refractory GERD?
La construcción discursiva de la inevitabilidad en los inicios del gobierno de la Alianza (Argentina, 1999-2000)
Authors: Cané Mariana 
Published: April 2019

Desde los inicios del gobierno de la Alianza (Diciembre 1999), gran parte de los discursos políticos establecieron polémicas en torno al significante “crisis”. En ese contexto, fueron enunciados una variedad de diagnósticos que disputaron por definir qué era lo que estaba en crisis, cuáles eran las causas de la misma y cómo debía ser conjurada. A partir del modo en que los discursos políticos delinearon los contornos de “la crisis”, hemos identificado tres grandes tópicas o conjuntos de argumentos (que denominamos fiscalista, asistencialista y mercadointernista) y un eje en disputa clave vinculado a la construcción de la inevitabilidad de las medidas a adoptar.
Aunque estas tópicas signaron el campo discursivo de lo político hasta fines del año 2001, se consolidaron con sus principales rasgos en el marco de la polémica por la reducción salarial y la aprobación de la reforma laboral de mediados del año 2000. En este sentido, sostenemos que es clave rastrear la construcción discursiva de la inevitabilidad porque constituye un elemento central para comprender parte del proceso de pérdida de legitimidad de la palabra política que alcanzó su punto de mayor algidez en lo que se conoció como “la crisis del 2001”.
Providing sex and relationships education for looked-after children: a qualitative exploration of how personal and institutional factors promote or limit the experience of role ambiguity, conflict and overload among caregivers
Authors: Nixon Catherine , Elliott Lawrie , Henderson Marion 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesTo explore how personal and institutional factors promote or limit caregivers promoting sexual health and relationships (SHR) among looked-after children (LAC). In so doing, develop existing research dominated by atheoretical accounts of the facilitators and barriers of SHR promotion in care settings.DesignQualitative semistructured interview study.SettingUK social services, residential children’s homes and foster care.Participants22 caregivers of LAC, including 9 foster carers, 8 residential carers and 5 social workers; half of whom had received SHR training.MethodsIn-depth interviews explored barriers/facilitators to SHR discussions, and how these shaped caregivers’ experiences of discussing SHR with LAC. Data were systematically analysed using predetermined research questions and themes identified from reading transcripts. Role theory was used to explore caregivers’ understanding of their role.ResultsSHR policies clarified role expectations and increased acceptability of discussing SHR. Training increased knowledge and confidence, and supported caregivers to reflect on how personally held values impacted practice. Identified training gaps were how to: (1) Discuss SHR with LAC demonstrating problematic sexual behaviours. (2) Record the SHR discussions that had occurred in LAC’s health plans. Contrary to previous findings, caregivers regularly discussed SHR with LAC. Competing demands on time resulted in prioritisation of discussions for sexually active LAC and those ‘at risk’ of sexual exploitation/harm. Interagency working addressed gaps in SHR provision. SHR discussions placed emotional burdens on caregivers. Caregivers worried about allegations being made against them by LAC. Managerial/pastoral support and ‘safe care’ procedures minimised these harms.ConclusionsWhile acknowledging the existing level of SHR promotion for LAC there is scope to more firmly embed this into the role of caregivers. Care needs to be taken to avoid role ambiguity and tension when doing so. Providing SHR policies and training, promoting interagency working and providing pastoral support are important steps towards achieving this.
Strategies occupational therapists employ to facilitate work-related transitions for persons with hand injuries: a study protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Uys Michelle Elizabeth , Buchanan Helen , Van Niekerk Lana 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionHands make it possible to be employable and productive, to communicate non-verbally and to perform fine motor tasks required in day-to-day activities. Sustaining a hand injury can be detrimental to function including the ability to work. As the literature on work-related transitions is scattered across a range of journals, it is difficult to get a sense of how much literature there is, what is known and where the gaps lie. This scoping study will provide a single source of up-to-date evidence to inform health professionals about the strategies occupational therapists employ to facilitate work-related transitions for people with hand injuries.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) will form the structure of the scoping review. The search strategy has been developed in collaboration with a subject librarian. The following databases will be searched: EBSCOhost including only Medline, CINAHL and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition; PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane library and Web of Science. Reference lists will be examined, and grey literature sources will be searched to ensure that literature missed in the database searches is included. Covidence will be used to manage the project. Full-texts will be uploaded for literature that meets the inclusion criteria. A process of blind review will be used to ensure that consistency and rigour is upheld.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of the scoping review will be disseminated in an article, within 2019, to be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings will be presented at conferences to ensure the optimal dissemination of the scoping review’s conclusions.