bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive equations for respiratory muscle strength by anthropometric variables
Authors: Sanchez Fernanda Figueiroa , Araújo da Silva Cássio Daniel , de Souza Pereira Gama Maciel Maria Clara , Rebouças Demósthenes Marques Jamilly , Brosina de Leon Elisa , Lins Gonçalves Roberta 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent studies have pointed out divergences in the predictive quality of reference equations for respiratory muscle strength, alerting the need to introduce into these equation‐specific variables for certain target populations.ObjectivesThis study proposes predictive equations of respiratory muscle strength by the variables such as body weight and body mass index (BMI = weight/height2).Materials and methodsThis is a cross‐sectional study, and the evaluation was made by the test of maximum static respiratory pressures (MIP and MEP) according to standard protocol of the Brazilian Society of Pneumology and Tisiology. For data analysis, the following three models of linear regression were adjusted: age, age/weight, age/BMI. The software used in the analysis was the R version 3.2.1.ResultsOf the 353 subjects evaluated (229 women and 124 men), 109 subjects were normal weight, 101 subjects were overweight and 143 subjects were obese. The BMI average of the individuals was 31.42 ± 10.26 kg/m2 and age 46.26 ± 16.47 years. The two statistical models that considered the variables weight and BMI had the R2 value of 29.86% for MEP and 21.77% for MIP when the weight was the predictive variable and 21.33% for MIP and 28.38% for MEP when the variable was BMI.ConclusionIt was found with the adjusted models that there was a considerable gain in the predictive quality of the models for MEP and MIP adding weight or BMI, without significant difference between both.
CO2 retention: The key to stopping hiccups
Authors: Obuchi Toshiro , Shimamura Satoshi , Miyahara Naofumi , Fujimura Naoyuki , Iwasaki Akinori 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundWhile investigating the mechanisms behind hiccups, our team discovered what could be the sufficient physiological conditions for terminating even persistent cases.MethodsTo investigate the role of CO2 retention, a healthy male volunteer was asked to perform three kinds of rebreathing experiments using different materials: (I) a 20 L air‐filled plastic bag, (II) a 20 L air‐filled plastic bag with a 1.5 × 1.5 cm hole and (III) a 20 L oxygen‐filled plastic bag. During each experiment, CO2 level upon expiration (EtCO2) and inspiration (InspCO2) were measured until the volunteer gave up. Once the safety of this manoeuvre was demonstrated with the volunteer, we performed the technique using the materials from experiment (I) on two actual patients with persistent hiccups.ResultsIn experiments (I) and (III), InspCO2 increased from the beginning and reached almost the same level as EtCO2 after 90 seconds. Both levels continued simultaneously increasing, finally reaching 56 mm Hg in (I) and 79 mm Hg in (III), respectively. In (II), both increased; however, after 120 seconds, EtCO2 plateaued at 47 mm Hg and InspCO2 at 37 mm Hg. In the actual patients, both CO2 levels reached the same value of 35.9 mm Hg at 60 seconds and 37.0 mm Hg at 90 seconds, and hiccups stopped at 195 seconds and at 359 seconds when EtCO2 reached 50 mm Hg and 53 mm Hg, respectively.ConclusionThe study determined that to successfully obstruct the mechanisms causing hiccups, it is necessary that the level of InspCO2 not only increases at the same level as EtCO2, but also reaches approximately 50 mm Hg.
Younger people with Type 2 diabetes have poorer self‐care practices compared with older people: results from the Australian National Diabetes Audit
Authors: Nanayakkara N. , Pease A. J. , Ranasinha S. , Wischer N. , Andrikopoulos S. , de Courten B. , Zoungas S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimThis cross‐sectional study compares the self‐care practices of younger and older people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsData were analysed from the Australian National Diabetes Audit (ANDA) including 2552 adults with Type 2 diabetes from Australian Diabetes Centres. Pre‐specified demographic and clinical variables were obtained. Self‐care variables (physical activity, following dietary recommendations, medication adherence and monitoring blood glucose levels) were compared in people ≤ 64 and > 64 years of age.ResultsMean age (± sd) of participants was 63 ± 13 years overall, 53 ± 9 years for the younger group and 73 ± 6 years for the older group. A greater proportion of younger people had HbA1c levels > 53 mmol/mol (> 7.0%) (76% vs. 68%), reported difficulty following dietary recommendations (50% vs. 32%) and forgetting medications (37% vs. 22%) compared with older people (all P‐values <0.001). A smaller proportion of younger compared with older people reported monitoring their blood glucose levels as often as recommended (60% vs. 70%, P < 0.001). Similar proportions of people aged ≤ 64 and > 64 years required insulin therapy (59% vs. 57%, P = 0.200). Younger age was associated with a twofold increase in the odds of not following the recommended self‐care practices after adjustment for gender, smoking, insulin therapy, depression and allied health attendance (all P < 0.001).ConclusionsDespite shorter diabetes duration, younger age was associated with worse glycaemic control and poorer diabetes self‐care practices among people with Type 2 diabetes. Targeted strategies are required to optimize diabetes self‐care practices and thereby glycaemic control.
Regional variations in definitions and rates of hypoglycaemia: findings from the global HAT observational study of 27 585 people with Type 1 and insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Khunti K. , Cigrovski Berković M. , Ludvik B. , Moberg E. , Barner Lekdorf J. , Gydesen H. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard U. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo determine participant knowledge and reporting of hypoglycaemia in the non‐interventional Hypoglycaemia Assessment Tool (HAT) study.MethodsHAT was conducted in 24 countries over a 6‐month retrospective/4‐week prospective period in 27 585 adults with Type 1 or insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants recorded whether hypoglycaemia was based on blood glucose levels, symptoms or both.ResultsHypoglycaemia rates were consistently higher in the prospective compared with the retrospective period. Most respondents (96.8% Type 1 diabetes; 85.6% Type 2 diabetes) knew the American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes hypoglycaemia definition, but there were regional differences in the use of blood glucose measurements and/or symptoms to define events. Confirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia rates were highest in Northern Europe/Canada for Type 1 diabetes (63.9 events/year) and in Eastern Europe for Type 2 diabetes (19.4 events/year), and lowest in South East Asia (Type 1 diabetes: 6.0 events/year; Type 2 diabetes: 3.2 events/year). Unconfirmed symptomatic hypoglycaemia rates were highest in Eastern Europe for Type 1 diabetes (5.6 events/year) and South East Asia for Type 2 diabetes (4.7 events/year), and lowest for both in Russia (Type 1 diabetes: 2.1 events/year; Type 2 diabetes: 0.4 events/year). Participants in Latin America reported the highest rates of severe hypoglycaemia (Type 1 diabetes: 10.8 events/year; Type 2 diabetes 3.7 events/year) and severe hypoglycaemia requiring hospitalization (Type 1 diabetes: 0.56 events/year; Type 2 diabetes: 0.44 events/year). The lowest rates of severe hypoglycaemia were reported in South East Asia (Type 1 diabetes: 2.0 events/year) and Northern Europe/Canada (Type 2 diabetes: 1.3 events/year), and the lowest rates of severe hypoglycaemia requiring hospitalization were in Russia (Type 1 diabetes: 0.15 events/year; Type 2 diabetes: 0.09 events/year). The blood glucose cut‐off used to define hypoglycaemia varied between regions (Type 1 diabetes: 3.1–3.6 mmol/l; Type 2 diabetes: 3.5–3.8 mmol/l).ConclusionsUnder‐reporting of hypoglycaemia rates in retrospective recall and regional variations in participant definitions of hypoglycaemia may contribute to the global differences in reported rates. Discrepancies between participant definitions and guidelines may highlight a need to redefine hypoglycaemia criteria. (Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT01696266).
Evidence for a subcortical contribution to intracortical facilitation
Authors: Wiegel Patrick , Niemann Niclas , Rothwell John C. , Leukel Christian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntracortical facilitation (ICF) describes the facilitation of anEMGresponse (motor evoked potential) to a suprathreshold pulse (S2) of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) by a preceding subthreshold pulse (S1) given 10–15 ms earlier.ICFis widely assumed to originate from intracortical mechanisms. In this study, we used spinal H‐reflexes to test whether subcortical mechanisms can also contribute to the facilitation. Measurements were performed in the upper limb muscle flexor carpi radialis in 17 healthy volunteers, and in the lower limb muscle soleus in 16 healthy volunteers. S2 given alone facilitated the H‐reflex. When S1 preceded S2 by 10 ms, the amount of facilitation increased, compatible withICF. However, S1 given alone also facilitated the H‐reflex, suggesting that it had evoked descending activity even though its intensity was well below resting motor threshold. Across participants, the amount of H‐reflex facilitation from S1 alone was proportional to the degree of H‐reflex facilitation with combined S1–S2. These results indicate that subcortical mechanisms can contribute toICFand potentially add to the variability of theICFmeasure reported in previous studies.
Climatic role of terrestrial ecosystem under elevated CO2: a bottom‐up greenhouse gases budget
Authors: Liu Shuwei , Ji Cheng , Wang Cong , Chen Jie , Jin Yaguo , Zou Ziheng , Li Shuqing , Niu Shuli , Zou Jianwen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe net balance of greenhouse gas (GHG) exchanges between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) remains poorly understood. Here, we synthesise 1655 measurements from 169 published studies to assess GHGs budget of terrestrial ecosystems under elevated CO2. We show that elevated CO2 significantly stimulates plant C pool (NPP) by 20%, soil CO2 fluxes by 24%, and methane (CH4) fluxes by 34% from rice paddies and by 12% from natural wetlands, while it slightly decreases CH4 uptake of upland soils by 3.8%. Elevated CO2 causes insignificant increases in soil nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes (4.6%), soil organic C (4.3%) and N (3.6%) pools. The elevated CO2‐induced increase in GHG emissions may decline with CO2 enrichment levels. An elevated CO2‐induced rise in soil CH4 and N2O emissions (2.76 Pg CO2‐equivalent year−1) could negate soil C enrichment (2.42 Pg CO2 year−1) or reduce mitigation potential of terrestrial net ecosystem production by as much as 69% (NEP, 3.99 Pg CO2 year−1) under elevated CO2. Our analysis highlights that the capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to act as a sink to slow climate warming under elevated CO2 might have been largely offset by its induced increases in soil GHGs source strength.
Autoimmune bullous diseases in non‐HIVKaposi's sarcoma: a retrospective study in a large cohort of patients
Authors: Tourlaki A. , Genovese G. , Guanziroli E. , Scoppio B.M. , Berti E. , Brambilla L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundKaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare endothelial neoplasm caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8). Its risk is increased in immunocompromised patients, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune bullous diseases. Conversely,HHV‐8 infection has been hypothesized to be a triggering factor of bullous diseases, especially pemphigus. Given the fact that bothKSand autoimmune bullous diseases have a low incidence in the general population, it could be expected that the association between these disorders would be exceptional.ObjectivesTo assess the frequency of bullous diseases in a large cohort of non‐HIV KSpatients and to describe our experience concerning the clinical features, natural history and treatment options in this setting.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of all patients with non‐HIV KSin association with bullous disease followed at our department between 1990 and 2016. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, medical history, clinical characteristics and treatment.ResultsAmong 1362 patients with classic or iatrogenicKS, 14 (1.03%) also suffered from bullous disease. The mean age at diagnosis of both disorders was 85.8 years with a male/female ratio of 9 : 5. Among these 14 cases, nine (0.66%) were associated with bullous pemphigoid (BP), three (0.22%) with localizedBPand two (0.15%) with pemphigus vulgaris. Seven had developed a bullous disease after being diagnosed withKS, while in the remaining seven cases,KSdeveloped after the onset of bullous disease. As expected,KSworsened when corticosteroids were used.ConclusionBullous diseases seem to be more frequent among patients withKS, supporting the hypothesis thatHHV‐8 may be involved in their pathogenesis. Therapeutic management of these cases should take into accountKS‐inducing potential of corticosteroids.
Staff members’ ambivalence on caring for patients with multidrug‐resistant bacteria at their end of life: A qualitative study
Authors: Tiedtke Johanna M , Stiel Stephanie , Heckel Maria , Herbst Franziska A , Sturm Alexander , Sieber Cornel , Ostgathe Christoph , Lang Frieder R 
Published: May 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore healthcare professionals’ personal experiences, feelings and attitudes about caring for hospitalised patients with multidrug‐resistant bacteria in palliative and geriatric care.BackgroundWorking in end‐of‐life care involves at times burdening demands that affect not only healthcare professionals personally but also their actions. It is suggested that multidrug‐resistant bacteria and their consequences for colonised or infected patients in hospitals are among the challenges for all professionals in end‐of‐life care. Little is known about the feelings and experiences of staff members during healthcare activities with regard to these bacteria.DesignA qualitative interview study in two German hospitals.MethodsWe interviewed 35 staff members from a German palliative care unit and a geriatric unit about their experiences with multidrug‐resistant bacteria in end‐of‐life care and the management of colonised or infected patients. Semistructured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using grounded theory.ResultsInterviewees represented two interdisciplinary teams with 40% nurses, 26% physicians and 34% other professionals. Salient themes that were identified included impact of multidrug‐resistant bacteria on staff members’ personal actions, feelings and attitudes towards the bacteria and the required isolation measures. Besides higher workload and consequences for working routines, the patients’ palliative care needs were recognised, as well as the necessary protection measures to avoid contaminations in hospital. Healthcare professionals reported a dilemma that they experienced when facing these diverse demands.ConclusionsFindings point to emotional and behavioural ambivalence in end‐of‐life care among staff members because necessary isolation measures and particular situation in end‐of‐life care create unsolvable conflicts for healthcare professionals. Possible strategies to cope with ambivalence are discussed.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals in palliative and geriatric care have to deal with multidrug‐resistant bacteria and have to face contradictory feelings while trying to fulfil patients’ needs as well as isolation requirements.
Calcifying odontogenic cyst, dentinogenic ghost cell tumor, and ghost cell odontogenic carcinoma: A systematic review
Authors: de Arruda José Alcides Almeida , Monteiro João Luiz Gomes Carneiro , Abreu Lucas Guimarães , de Oliveira Silva Leni Verônica , Schuch Lauren Frenzel , de Noronha Mariana Saturnino , Callou Gerhilde , Moreno Amália , Mesquita Ricardo Alves 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to integrate the available data published on calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC), dentinogenic ghost cell tumor (DGCT), and ghost cell odontogenic carcinomas (GCOCs) into a comprehensive analysis of their clinicoradiological features, treatment, and recurrence.Materials and MethodsAn electronic search with no publication date restriction was undertaken in October 2017 in the following databases: PubMed, Medline Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus. Eligibility criteria included publications containing enough clinical, radiological, and histopathological information to confirm a definite diagnosis of these lesions. Data were evaluated descriptively.ResultsThe literature review indicated a total of 234 publications reporting 367 COCs, 55 DGCTs and 44 GCOCs. These lesions have a predilection for Asian males. COCs mainly affect the mandible and patients in the second decade of life, DGCTs mostly affect the mandible and patients in the fourth decade of life, and GCOCs mostly affect the maxilla and patients in the fifth decade of life.ConclusionConservative surgery was the most common therapy for COCs and DGCTs, while radical surgery was most common for GCOCs. This study provides important and interesting data that could help clinicians and surgeons as well as oral and maxillofacial pathologists with the diagnosis and management of these lesions.
Aberrant right subclavian artery causing megaoesophagus in three cats
Authors: Cinti F. , Della Santa D. , Borgonovo S. , Bussadori R. , Troiano D. , Pisani G. 
Published: May 2018

Three entire, domestic, shorthair male cats (age range: 3 months to 5 years) were referred because of regurgitation. Megaoesophagus attributable to aberrant right subclavian artery, originating from the aorta at the level of the fourth intercostal space, was diagnosed in all cats using thoracic radiography and CT angiography. One cat had concurrent patent ductus arteriosus with a normal aortic arch. Three‐dimensional volume‐rendered CT images were used to assess the malformations and to plan surgery for the treatment of the vascular anomalies. Different surgical approaches were used in the two kittens. The third cat was not operated. CT angiography is well suited for preoperative planning in cats with aberrant right subclavian artery alone or in combination with other vascular anomalies.
The challenge of increasing wholegrain intake in the UK
Authors: Robinson E. , Chambers L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile fibre and wholegrains are often discussed simultaneously, they are distinct with the former classified as a nutrient and the latter as a food group that provides fibre, along with other important nutrients. Wholegrains are an integral part of a healthy, balanced diet and have been linked to several health benefits, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and colorectal cancer. Yet consumption in the UK is low, and barriers to increasing wholegrain intake exist among the UK population. These include confusion around how much to consume, which foods contain wholegrains and how they are beneficial to health, acceptance of the organoleptic properties (e.g. taste, texture) of wholegrain foods, lack of knowledge about how to cook wholegrains and negative perceptions about starchy carbohydrates. The absence of a standardised wholegrains definition and a quantified wholegrain intake recommendation in the UK remains a challenge for consumers and industry, and may limit the impact of public health messages. The Healthgrain Forum has recently proposed definitions for ‘wholegrains’ and ‘wholegrain foods’ that are readily useable by the food industry and regulatory bodies. To help increase wholegrain intake in the UK, co‐operation and collaboration is required by stakeholders to educate consumers about wholegrains and inform initiatives. Food retailers have an important role to play in making wholegrains more accessible, convenient and palatable through actions such as product development and wholegrain labelling.
3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid (CMPF): A metabolite identified after consumption of fish oil and fish
Authors: Sinclair A. J. , Xu L. , Wang Y. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract3‐carboxy‐4‐methyl‐5‐propyl‐2‐furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) is a known metabolite of furan fatty acids and was first referred to as a urofuran fatty acid, as it was found in urine of humans and other species after consumption of furan fatty acids or foods containing furan fatty acids. More recently, CMPF has been identified as a highly prominent metabolite following the consumption of fish oil, fish oil fractions and diets rich in fish, and can be regarded as biomarker of oil‐rich fish or fish oil intakes. As furan fatty acids are known to occur in fish and fish oil (at a low level), it is possible that the CMPF in plasma arises from these furan fatty acids. On a structural basis, this is a likely explanation rather than the CMPF being an actual metabolite of long‐chain marine omega‐3 fatty acids. Recent studies in high fat‐fed mice given purified CMPF suggest that CMPF might contribute to the improved metabolic effects observed following consumption of long‐chain marine omega‐3 fatty acids but much is still to be known about the relationships between CMPF and health.
Mitochondrial alternative oxidase‐dependent autophagy involved in ethylene‐mediated drought tolerance in Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Zhu Tong , Zou Lijuan , Li Yan , Yao Xiuhong , Xu Fei , Deng Xingguang , Zhang Dawei , Lin Honghui 
Published: May 2018

SummaryMitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) is involved in a large number of plant physiological processes, such as growth, development and stress responses; however, the exact role of AOX in response to drought remains unclear. In our study, we provide solid evidences that the activated AOX capacity positively involved in ethylene‐induced drought tolerance, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), accompanied by the changing level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and autophagy. In AOX1a‐RNAi plants, the ethylene‐induced drought tolerance was aggravated and associated with decreasing level of autophagy. The H2O2 level was relatively higher in AOX1a‐RNAi plants, whereas it was lower in AOX1a‐overexpressing (35S‐AOX1a‐OE) plants after 1‐(aminocarbonyl)‐1‐cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) pretreatment in the 14th day under drought stress. Interestingly, the accumulation of autophagosome was accompanied by the changing level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AOX transgenic tomato under drought stress whether or not pretreated with ACC. Pharmacological scavenging of H2O2 accumulation in AOX1a‐RNAi (aox19) stimulated autophagy acceleration under drought stress, and it seems that AOX‐dependent ROS signalling is critical in triggering autophagy. Lower levels of ROS signalling positively induce autophagy activity, whereas higher ROS level would lead to rapid programmed cell death (PCD), especially in ethylene‐mediated drought tolerance. Moreover, ethylene‐induced autophagy during drought stress also can be through ERF5 binding to the promoters of ATG8d and ATG18h. These results demonstrated that AOX plays an essential role in ethylene‐induced drought tolerance and also played important roles in mediating autophagy generation via balancing ROS level.