bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitory Effects of Table Grape Anthocyanins
Authors: Grimes Karnell L. , Stuart Connor M. , McCarthy Justin J. , Kaur Baljinder , Cantu Emilio J. , Forester Sarah C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe risk for breast and colon cancer may be lowered in part by high intake of fruits and vegetables. Fruits such as grapes are abundant in bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins. The potential anticancer activity of anthocyanins may be limited by their metabolism in the gut and liver. One metabolic transformation is due to the enzyme catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT), which methylates polyphenols such as anthocyanins. Entacapone is a clinically used inhibitor of COMT, and has been shown to modulate the methylation of food‐derived polyphenols. In this study, we compared the effect of entacapone on the cell viability of colon (Caco‐2 and HT‐29) and breast (MDA‐MB‐231) cancer cell lines treated with anthocyanins. Cells were treated with either cyanidin‐3‐glucoside, delphinidin‐3‐glucoside, or an anthocyanin‐rich grape extract, in the absence or presence of entacapone. Cell viability was assessed using the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Entacapone in combination with the anthocyanins had a greater than additive effect on growth inhibition of the Caco‐2 cells. In the MDA‐MB‐231 cell line, entacapone similarly enhanced the growth inhibitory activity of the anthocyanin extract. Entacapone also had antiproliferative effects when used as a single treatment. Total hydroperoxides was quantified in the cell culture media. Greater concentrations of the treatments resulted in higher levels of total hydroperoxides, indicating that oxidative stress may be an important mechanism for growth inhibition. In conclusion, the antiproliferative activity of fruit‐derived anthocyanins was improved in human cancer cell lines by the clinically used drug entacapone. The efficacy and mechanisms of entacapone/anthocyanin combinations should be carefully studied in vivo.Practical ApplicationChemical components of grapes are good for our health and have been shown to lower risk for certain cancers. Their beneficial health effects could also be enhanced by consuming other molecules that improve their bioavailability.
Sensory and Chemical Stabilities of High‐Oleic and Normal‐Oleic Peanuts in Shell During Long‐Term Storage
Authors: Martín María Paula , Grosso Antonella Luciana , Nepote Valeria , Grosso Nelson Rubén 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOxidative rancidity is one of the major causes of peanut quality deterioration. The in‐shell nut industry's greatest concern is to preserve high quality and extended the shelf life of these products. This research determined the sensory and chemical stabilities of raw in‐shell high‐oleic and normal‐oleic peanuts during long‐term storage. In‐shell peanuts samples of normal‐ and high‐oleic types were stored at room temperature (23 °C) for 675 days. The quality parameters, like the fatty acid composition, moisture content, free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), conjugated dienes (CD), and p‐anisidine value (pAV), as well as sensory attributes, were analyzed every 45 days. High‐oleic samples showed a 4.36‐fold higher oleic acid/linolenic acid (O/L) ratio (O/L = 10.65) than normal‐oleic peanuts (O/L = 2.44). FFA, PV, CD, pAV, and oxidized and cardboard flavors increased in all stored samples but especially in normal‐oleic peanuts. Conversely, roasted peanutty flavor decreased in all samples during storage but in lower proportion in high oleic peanut samples. The sensory and chemical changes that occurred in unshelled normal‐ or high‐oleic peanut samples were not remarkable, suggesting that the shell may protect peanut kernels against deterioration. However, in‐shell high‐oleic samples show greater stability and shelf life than normal‐oleic peanuts under the studied storage condition.Practical ApplicationQuality preservation of peanuts is important for the food industry using peanuts as an ingredient. Peanut processors are concerned as to the best ways to preserve peanut quality for long‐term storage. Raw high oleic peanuts kept in the shells show better preservation of their sensory and quality properties during storage. In‐shell peanuts constitute an appropriate alternative to preserve chemical and sensory properties of this product.
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to Tragopogon (Asteraceae), an evolutionary model for the study of polyploidy
Authors: Shan Shengchen , Mavrodiev Evgeny V. , Li Riqing , Zhang Zhengzhi , Hauser Bernard A. , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E. , Yang Bing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractTragopogon (Asteraceae) is an excellent natural system for studies of recent polyploidy. Development of an efficient CRISPR/Cas9‐based genome editing platform in Tragopogon will facilitate novel studies of the genetic consequences of polyploidy. Here, we report our initial results of developing CRISPR/Cas9 in Tragopogon. We have established a feasible tissue culture and transformation protocol for Tragopogon. Through protoplast transient assays, use of the TragCRISPR system (i.e. the CRISPR/Cas9 system adapted for Tragopogon) was capable of introducing site‐specific mutations in Tragopogon protoplasts. Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation with Cas9‐sgRNA constructs targeting the phytoene desaturase gene (TraPDS) was implemented in this model polyploid system. Sequencing of PCR amplicons from the target regions indicated simultaneous mutations of two alleles and four alleles of TraPDS in albino shoots from Tragopogon porrifolius (2x) and Tragopogon mirus (4x), respectively. The average proportions of successfully transformed calli with the albino phenotype were 87% and 78% in the diploid and polyploid, respectively. This appears to be the first demonstration of CRISPR/Cas9‐based genome editing in any naturally formed neopolyploid system. Although a more efficient tissue culture system should be developed in Tragopogon, application of a robust CRISPR/Cas9 system will permit unique studies of biased fractionation, the gene‐balance hypothesis and cytonuclear interactions in polyploids. In addition, the CRISPR/Cas9 platform enables investigations of those genes involved in phenotypic changes in polyploids and will also facilitate novel functional biology studies in Asteraceae. Our workflow provides a guide for applying CRISPR/Cas9 to other nongenetic model plant systems.
Research on the value of the T cell spot test for tuberculosis for the diagnosis of lung cancer combined with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Feng Binbin , Li Yajun , Guo Dong , Lin Meiying , Guo Qisen 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThis study was conducted to investigate the value of the T cell spot test for tuberculosis (T‐SPOT.TB) for the diagnosis of patients with lung cancer combined with pulmonary tuberculosis (LCTB).MethodsThirty‐six patients diagnosed with LCTB who received treatment at Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital from September 2014 to 2017 were randomly chosen and enrolled as an observation group; 63 patients diagnosed with LC alone in the same period were included as the control. The T‐SPOT.TB results of the two groups were compared.ResultsThe positive rate of T‐SPOT.TB in 36 patients with LCTB was 88.9% (32/36), and in 63 patients with LC was 23.8% (15/63). The median ESAT‐6 result in the LCTB group was 22 SFCs/2.5 × 105 peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) (interquartile range [IQR] 8–53), which was higher than in the LC group with a median of 1 spot‐forming cell (SFC)/2.5 × 105PBMC (IQR 0–5). The median CFP10 result in the LCTB group was 18 SFCs/2.5 × 105PBMC (IQR 7–30), which was significantly higher than in the LC group with a median of 0 SFC/2.5 × 105PBMC (IQR 0–4). The receiver operating characteristic curve of the two groups showed sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 84.4% when the positive value of T‐SPOT.TB was 11 SFCs/2.5 × 105PBMC.ConclusionsT‐SPOT.TB has comparatively high value for diagnosing LCTB. The referential cutoff value is 11 SFCs/2.5 × 105PBMC, which warrants clinical application.
Alcohol Use and Cognitive Functioning Among Middle‐Aged and Older Adults in China: Findings of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Baseline Survey
Authors: Ge Song , Wei Zhe , Liu Tingting , Wang Jinjiao , Li Hongjin , Feng Juan , Li Changwei 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAlcohol use and its associated problems are on the rise in China. In this study, we examined the associations between alcohol use and cognitive functioning in a representative sample of adults aged 45 years and older in China.MethodsBaseline data for 16,328 participants of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were analyzed. Alcohol use was measured by drinking status (never, former, moderate, and at‐risk drinkers), number of standard drinks per week, and years of drinking. Cognitive functioning was assessed for visuospatial ability, episodic memory, orientation/attention, and overall cognitive functioning. Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the independent association between alcohol use and cognitive functioning controlling for age, gender, education, domestic partner status, and depressive symptoms.ResultsThe study participants were, on average, 66 years old (median 59, range 45 to 102). The prevalence of ever drinking during lifetime and current at‐risk drinking (>14 drinks per week) in this population was 34.6 and 6.7%, respectively. Drinking was more common among men with 48.8% being ever drinkers and 14.4% current at‐risk drinkers, respectively. At‐risk drinkers, compared to people who never drank alcohol, had worse episodic memory (β = −0.11, p = 0.048). Moreover, number of standard drinks per week was associated with worse episodic memory (β = −0.001, p = 0.02). None of the other measures of alcohol use was associated with the overall or domain‐specific cognitive functioning.ConclusionsAt‐risk drinking status was associated with worse episodic memory. Clinicians should incorporate alcohol use assessment into routine care for middle‐aged and older adults in China and provide them with resources and strategies to effectively manage their alcohol use. This may help preserve episodic memory in this population.
Psychosocial factors and addiction in chronic orofacial neuropathic pain
Authors: Braunsteiner Natasha E. , Vickers E. Russell , Toole Bradley M. , Braunsteiner Jacob 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeuropathic trigeminal pain is a difficult condition to diagnose as the pain is an invisible non‐odontogenic phenomenon but typically presents as high intensity pain in the teeth and surrounding tissue. Persistent pain leads to psychological and behavioural issues. Medical conditions that consequently manifest include the co‐morbid psychological states of depression, anxiety and stress that can lead to suicide. Addiction plays a maladaptive role utilised by patients to escape their pain. Improved pain outcomes are achieved when instituting comprehensive psychological assessment and treatments with established medical and dental chronic pain protocols.
Systemic considerations for orofacial neuropathy
Authors: Tiwari Lalima , Alsarraf Abdulhameed , Yeoh Sue‐Ching , Balasubramaniam Ramesh 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPatients with orofacial neuropathic pain typically present with symptoms first hand to their general dental practitioner. It is important dental practitioners recognise the clinical presentations of these conditions for prompt diagnosis and appropriate management. This review will focus on the systemic causes of orofacial neuropathy. Infectious and autoimmune diseases with orofacial neuropathic manifestations such as post‐herpetic neuralgia, paroxysmal neuralgias, painful trigeminal sensory neuropathies, peripheral neuritis and oral dysaesthesia will be discussed. Specifically, the prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical presentations and management of these conditions will be reviewed.
Tumour necrosis factor receptor‐1 is dispensable for the migration of marginal metallophilic macrophages into the B‐cell zone of the mouse spleen
Authors: Milićević Đorđe N. , Despotović Sanja Z. , Westermann Jürgen , Milićević Novica M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe spleen is the only blood filter in the organism which removes foreign antigens and effete cells from circulation. The significant role in capturing, transporting and presentation of antigens to immune cells is executed by a special subset of splenic macrophages called marginal metallophilic macrophages. Upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, these cells promptly migrate from their preferential location at the inner aspect of the splenic marginal sinus into the B‐cell lymphoid follicles. This migration is executed via CXC chemokine ligand 13 in a lymphotoxin‐dependent fashion. However, the role of tumour necrosis factor‐α/tumour necrosis factor receptor‐1 signalling axis has not been studied, despite its critical role in the formation of B‐cell lymphoid follicles, follicular dendritic cell networks and germinal centres. Here, we show that signalling via tumour necrosis factor receptor‐1 is not required for the migration of marginal metallophilic macrophages into the B‐cell zone and that the presence of organized B‐cell lymphoid follicles is not a prerequisite for their dislocation.
Generalised additive mixed models analysis via gammSlice
Authors: Pham Tung H. , Wand Matt P. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWe demonstrate the use of ourRpackage,gammSlice, for Bayesian fitting and inference in generalised additive mixed model analysis. This class of models includes generalised linear mixed models and generalised additive models as special cases. Accurate Bayesian inference is achievable via sufficiently large Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samples. Slice sampling is a key component of the MCMC scheme. Comparisons with existing generalised additive mixed model software shows thatgammSliceoffers improved inferential accuracy, albeit at the cost of longer computational time.
Proposed biosimilar pegfilgrastim shows similarity in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics to reference pegfilgrastim in healthy subjects
Authors: Nakov Roumen , Gattu Sreekanth , Wang Jessie , Velinova Maria , Schaffar Gregor , Skerjanec Andrej 
Published: August 2018

AimsThis study aimed to demonstrate that the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile of Sandoz proposed biosimilar pegfilgrastim (LA‐EP2006) matches reference pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®) in healthy subjects. Safety and immunogenicity were also assessed.MethodsThe phase I, randomized, double‐blind, two‐period crossover study consisted of two treatment periods separated by an 8‐week washout period. Healthy subjects aged 18–45 were randomized to either proposed biosimilar/reference pegfilgrastim or reference pegfilgrastim/proposed biosimilar. Proposed biosimilar and reference pegfilgrastim were administered on Day 1 of each treatment period (single 6 mg subcutaneous injection). Blood samples for PK/PD analysis were taken predose and ≤336 h postdose. PK/PD similarity was claimed if 90% (PK) and 95% (PD) confidence intervals (CI) for geometric mean ratios of the area under the serum concentration–time curve (AUC) from time of dosing and extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–inf), or to the last measurable concentration (AUC0–last), maximum observed serum concentration (Cmax), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) area under the effect curve from the time of dosing to the last measurable concentration (AUEC0–last) and ANC maximum effect attributable to the therapy under investigation (Emax) were completely contained within the predefined margin (0.8 to 1.25).ResultsOverall, 169 subjects completed the study. PK/PD similarity was demonstrated; 90% CIs of geometric mean ratio of proposed biosimilar/reference for PK: AUC0–inf (1.0559–1.2244), AUC0–last (1.0607–1.2328), Cmax (1.0312–1.1909) and 95% CIs for PD (ANC): AUEC0–last (0.9948–1.0366), Emax (0.9737–1.0169) were completely contained within predefined margin of 0.8 to 1.25. Both biologics had similar safety profiles, were well tolerated and had low incidence of anti‐drug antibodies. No neutralizing or clinically relevant antibodies were detected.ConclusionsPK/PD similarity of Sandoz proposed biosimilar pegfilgrastim and reference pegfilgrastim was confirmed. No clinically meaningful differences in safety, tolerability and immunogenicity were observed in healthy subjects.
Should human germ line editing be allowed? Some suggestions on the basis of the existing regulatory framework
Authors: de Miguel Beriain Iñigo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe application of genetic editing techniques for the prevention or cure of disease is a highly promising tool for the future of humanity. However, its implementation contains a number of ethical and legal challenges that should not be underestimated. On this basis, some sectors have already asked for a veto on any intervention that modifies the human germ line, while supporting somatic line editing. In this paper, I will support that this suggestion makes no sense at all, because the somatic/germ line disjunctive has no moral relevance and, therefore, it should not play any role in legal terms. I will provide a number of reasons to hold this assumption, such as the non‐sacred nature of the germ line, the difference between germ line and human genome modification, or the moral importance of the presence of a will to create modified descendants. While doing so, I will provide some examples of the different approaches to germ line editing adopted by different regulations so as to demonstrate that, contrary to what is sometimes stated, a general ban on this practice is not the rule, but the exception. Additionally, I will show how alternative options which currently exist, such as a selective ban based on criteria different to the germ line/somatic line distinction, match better with the need to conciliate research needs and legitimate ethical concerns. Finally, I will introduce some further suggestions to this same purpose.
Bayesian Additive Adaptive Basis Tensor Product Models for Modeling High Dimensional Surfaces: An Application to High-Throughput Toxicity Testing
Authors: Wheeler Matthew W. 
Published: August 2018

Summary
Many modern datasets are sampled with error from complex high-dimensional surfaces. Methods such as tensor product splines or Gaussian processes are effective and well suited for characterizing a surface in two or three dimensions, but they may suffer from difficulties when representing higher dimensional surfaces. Motivated by high throughput toxicity testing where observed dose-response curves are cross sections of a surface defined by a chemical's structural properties, a model is developed to characterize this surface to predict untested chemicals’ dose-responses. This manuscript proposes a novel approach that models the multidimensional surface as a sum of learned basis functions formed as the tensor product of lower dimensional functions, which are themselves representable by a basis expansion learned from the data. The model is described and a Gibbs sampling algorithm is proposed. The approach is investigated in a simulation study and through data taken from the US EPA's ToxCast high throughput toxicity testing platform.
Flexible Parametric Approach to Classical Measurement Error Variance Estimation Without Auxiliary Data
Authors: Bertrand Aurélie , Van Keilegom Ingrid , Legrand Catherine 
Published: August 2018

SummaryMeasurement error in the continuous covariates of a model generally yields bias in the estimators. It is a frequent problem in practice, and many correction procedures have been developed for different classes of models. However, in most cases, some information about the measurement error distribution is required. When neither validation nor auxiliary data (e.g., replicated measurements) are available, this specification turns out to be tricky. In this article, we develop a flexible likelihood-based procedure to estimate the variance of classical additive error of Gaussian distribution, without additional information, when the covariate has compact support. The performance of this estimator is investigated both in an asymptotic way and through finite sample simulations. The usefulness of the obtained estimator when using the simulation extrapolation (SIMEX) algorithm, a widely used correction method, is then analyzed in the Cox proportional hazards model through other simulations. Finally, the whole procedure is illustrated on real data.
The effects of m‐learning on motivation, achievement and well‐being: A Self‐Determination Theory approach
Authors: Jeno Lucas M. , Adachi Paul J. C. , Grytnes John‐Arvid , Vandvik Vigdis , Deci Edward L. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFrom the lens of Self‐Determination Theory, this study investigated the effects of a mobile application tool for identifying species on biology students’ achievement and well‐being. It was hypothesized that the mobile application, compared to a textbook, would enhance feelings of competence and autonomy and, in turn, intrinsic motivation, positive affect and achievement, because the mobile application’s built‐in functions provide students with choice and volition, informational feedback, and optimal challenges. Fifty‐eight second‐year students were randomly assigned to use either the mobile application or a textbook for a learning task. Well‐being was assessed before and after the learning task, and intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, perceived autonomy and achievement were assessed after the task. Results indicated that the mobile application, relative to the textbook, produced higher levels of students’ perceived competence, perceived autonomy and intrinsic motivation. Further, the mobile application had indirect effects on positive affect through autonomy, competence and intrinsic motivation, and on achievement through competence.