bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Torus mandibularis affects the severity and position‐dependent sleep apnoea in non‐obese patients
Authors: Ahn Sang Hyeon , Ha Jong‐Gyun , Kim Jin Won , Lee Young Woo , Yoon Joo‐Heon , Kim Chang‐Hoon , Cho Hyung‐Ju 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveVarious anatomical structures of upper airway and physical differences are known to be risk factors for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Torus mandibularis is a structure that can appear on the inside of the mandible. Therefore, it is possible for tori to influence airway volume by occupying the space for tongue and cause sleep apnoea. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of torus mandibularis on the severity of OSA as one of the craniofacial risk factors.DesignRetrospective case‐control study.SettingUniversity‐based tertiary medical centre.ParticipantsAdult patients over 19‐years‐old who visited outpatient clinics with complaints of sleep‐disordered breathing symptoms between January 2010 and December 2017 were investigated.Main outcome measuresThe presence of torus mandibularis in oral cavity was confirmed by physical examination or CT image. We analysed demographic findings including age, sex, medical history, previous operation history, physical findings of upper airway and result of polysomnography. To evaluate the effect of torus mandibularis on OSA, polysomnography data of the two groups according to presence or absence of torus mandibularis were compared and analysed.ResultsTwo‐hundred and thirty‐two OSA patients with BMI <25 were divided into two groups, according to either the presence or absence of torus mandibularis. We analysed 138 patients of control group and 94 of torus mandibularis group. Apnoea‐hypopnoea index (AHI) was 18.8 ± 14.9 in control group and 25.1 ± 18.4 in torus mandibularis group (P = 0.006). Respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was 23.1 ± 14.7 in control group and 27.9 ± 18.4 in torus mandibularis group (P = 0.035). Supine AHI showed 26.6 ± 20.3 in control group and 32.5 ± 22.6 in torus mandibularis group (P = 0.039). Patients with torus mandibularis had a trend of increase in proportion according to the severity of sleep apnoea, such as AHI (P = 0.007) or RDI (P = 0.034).ConclusionsWe newly found that the presence of torus mandibularis affects not only severity of OSA and also position‐dependent OSA. These results support the necessity of torus mandibularis evaluation in OSA patients, and further study is also required to investigate its consequence in the surgical outcome.
Is development aid securitized? Evidence from a cross‐country examination of aid commitments
Authors: Lazell Melita , Petrikova Ivica 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMotivationHow has the securitization of development affected the distribution of bilateral development aid by sector? Over the past two decades, academics and development NGOs have become increasingly concerned about the impact of the securitization of development. This debate has not, however, adequately addressed the impact of securitization on actual aid commitments to key sectors. If aid commitments are influenced by securitization this will have implications for the types of programmes funded by bilateral donors.PurposeThis article examines whether and how securitization has affected the distribution of UK, US, Danish and Swedish development aid by sector through investigating how conflict in aid‐recipient states—and the extent to which these states are perceived as a security threat—affect aid commitments to priority sectors; democratization and peace, conflict and security.Approach and MethodsA mixed‐methods approach analyses the policy discourse and aid commitments of the four bilateral donors. The former involves a systematic collection and analysis of development policy documents from the four donors over the last two decades. For the latter we use data from the OECD's Creditor Reporting System and the Uppsala University Conflict Data Programme, along with data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and the Global Terrorism Database in a cross‐sectional time‐series regression analysis.FindingsThe new data produced indicate that the securitization of development has had the most significant effect on aid commitments to states not affected by conflict and that the strategic importance of conflict‐affected states and the domestic character of donor governments both influence the strength of aid securitization.Policy ImplicationsGiven the concerns regarding aid for security purposes and donors’ policy discourse, bilateral donors should consider the need of current funding for conflict, peace and security programmes in states not affected by conflict and recognize the role of national security interests in decisions about the distribution of aid.
Family processes and duration of untreated psychosis among US Latinos
Authors: Hernandez Mercedes , Hernandez Maria Y. , Lopez Daisy , Barrio Concepción , Gamez Diana , López Steven R. 
Published: January 2019

AimLittle is known about family processes and treatment seeking among Latinos with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) living in the United States. This study examined family processes prior to treatment and their relation to duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) among Latinos with FEP and their family caregivers.MethodsThirty‐three Latinos with FEP and their low‐acculturated family caregivers (n = 33) participated in qualitative semi‐structured interviews focused on treatment‐seeking experience and family relationships. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis and themes were grouped based on short (n = 18) or long (n = 15) DUP.ResultsFindings revealed differences based on DUP length. Patients with short DUP had stronger family relationships characterized by open communication and disclosure of symptoms that facilitated awareness and direct action by family caregivers. However, patients with long DUP had more troubled family relationships that often challenged early treatment seeking.ConclusionsFindings highlight the relevance of family context in the provision of early treatment for Latinos with FEP. Family‐based services are needed that increase awareness of symptoms and provide families with support that can facilitate ongoing patient treatment during this critical period.
Intention to undergo faecal occult blood testing in an ethnic minority
Authors: Ben Natan Merav , Abu Husayn Asil , Haj Muhamad Rana 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo explore factors associated with the intention of an ethnic minority of Israeli Arabs to undergo faecal occult blood testing using the Health Belief Model.MethodsThis was a quantitative correlational study that utilized a questionnaire constructed based on the Health Belief Model. The questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 200 Israeli Arabs aged 50 and over. Data were collected during January to March 2018.FindingsThe research findings show that respondents had a high intention to undergo faecal occult blood testing in the future, although only 66.5% of the respondents had ever undergone it in the past. Physicians and nurses were the most significant sources of information regarding the faecal occult blood testing. The Health Belief Model explained 46% of variance in the intention to undergo the faecal occult blood testing among Israeli Arabs, with perceived benefits of testing being the most significant predictor of this intention.ConclusionThe Health Belief Model can serve as a basis for planning intervention programmes to be implemented by health care professionals to raise the intention of ethnic minorities to undergo faecal occult blood testing.
Culture, teams, and organizations: A qualitative exploration of female nurses’ and midwives’ experiences of urinary symptoms at work
Authors: Pierce Heather , Perry Lin , Gallagher Robyn , Chiarelli Pauline 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo explore nurses’ and midwives’ experiences of urinary symptoms at work.BackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms are common in female nurses and midwives. There is limited understanding of the relationship between urinary symptoms, bladder health practices, and work.DesignQualitative design providing in‐depth exploration of nurses’ and midwives’ experiences of urinary symptoms at work through focus group discussions.MethodsTwelve focus groups were held July–September 2016 with 96 Registered Nurses and midwives working at two tertiary‐referral hospitals in urban New South Wales, Australia. A semi‐structured question schedule was used. An inductive process guided thematic analysis of data using a socioecological framework of health behaviours.ResultsNurses’ and midwives’ experiences of urinary symptoms at work primarily relate to delaying voiding. This practice is explained by a work culture of “patient‐first” care at expense of self‐care, relationships in the nursing team, demands of the nursing role, and inadequacy of workplace amenities. The first two themes reflect cultural and social caring dilemmas central to nursing. The second two themes identify issues with workforce management and physical workplace environments.ConclusionNurses’ and midwives’ urinary symptoms and behaviours in response to sensory cues for bladder emptying are dependent on several socioecological influences. Occupational health initiatives in the workforce are required to break cultural norms that deter self‐care and to promote work environments that support healthy bladder practices. Workforce management and physical workplace environments are key influences on nurses’ timely and dignified access to amenities.
Integrated Risk Assessment and Management Methods Are Necessary for Effective Implementation of Natural Hazards Policy
Authors: Johnson David R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA transdisciplinary, integrated risk assessment and risk management process is particularly beneficial to the development of policies addressing risk from natural hazards. Strategies based on isolated risk assessment and management processes, guided by traditional “predict, then act” methods for decision making, may induce major regret if future conditions diverge from predictions. Analytic methods designed to identify robust solutions—those that perform satisfactorily over a broader range of future conditions—are more suitable for management of natural hazards risks, for at least three major reasons discussed within. Such approaches benefit from co‐production of knowledge to collaboratively produce adaptive, robust policies through an iterative process of dialogue between analysts, decisionmakers, and other stakeholders: exploring tradeoffs, searching for futures in which current plans are likely to fail, and developing adaptive management strategies responsive to evolving future conditions. The process leads to more effective adoption of risk management policies by ensuring greater feasibility of solutions, exploring a wide range of plausible future conditions, generating buy‐in, and giving a voice to actors with a diversity of perspectives. The second half of the article presents Louisiana's coastal master planning process as an exemplary model of participatory planning and integrated risk assessment and management. Louisiana planners have adopted a decision framework that incorporates insights from modern methods for decision making under deep uncertainty to effectively address the deep uncertainties and complexities characteristic of a variety of natural hazards and long‐range planning problems.
Body orientation contributes to modelling the effects of gravity for target interception in humans
Authors: La Scaleia Barbara , Lacquaniti Francesco , Zago Myrka 
Published: January 2019

Key points
It is known that interception of targets accelerated by gravity involves internal models coupled with visual signals.
Non‐visual signals related to head and body orientation relative to gravity may also contribute, although their role is poorly understood.
In a novel experiment, we asked pitched observers to hit a virtual target approaching with an acceleration that was either coherent or incoherent with their pitch‐tilt.
Initially, the timing errors were large and independent of the coherence between target acceleration and observer's pitch. With practice, however, the timing errors became substantially smaller in the coherent conditions.
The results show that information about head and body orientation can contribute to modelling the effects of gravity on a moving target. Orientation cues from vestibular and somatosensory signals might be integrated with visual signals in the vestibular cortex, where the internal model of gravity is assumed to be encoded.
AbstractInterception of moving targets relies on visual signals and internal models. Less is known about the additional contribution of non‐visual cues about head and body orientation relative to gravity. We took advantage of Galileo's law of motion along an incline to demonstrate the effects of vestibular and somatosensory cues about head and body orientation on interception timing. Participants were asked to hit a ball rolling in a gutter towards the eyes, resulting in image expansion. The scene was presented in a head‐mounted display, without any visual information about gravity direction. In separate blocks of trials participants were pitched backwards by 20° or 60°, whereas ball acceleration was randomized across trials so as to be compatible with rolling down a slope of 20° or 60°. Initially, the timing errors were large, independently of the coherence between ball acceleration and pitch angle, consistent with responses based exclusively on visual information because visual stimuli were identical at both tilts. At the end of the experiment, however, the timing errors were systematically smaller in the coherent conditions than the incoherent ones. Moreover, the responses were significantly (P = 0.007) earlier when participants were pitched by 60° than when they were pitched by 20°. Therefore, practice with the task led to incorporation of information about head and body orientation relative to gravity for response timing. Instead, posture did not affect response timing in a control experiment in which participants hit a static target in synchrony with the last of a predictable series of stationary audiovisual stimuli.
Aristotelian phronesis as a key factor for leadership in the knowledge-creating company according to Ikujiro Nonaka
Authors: Scalzo Germán , Fariñas Guillermo 
Published: January 2019

Some Western organizational studies scholars have proposed that Aristotelian Phronesisrepresents a way of including practical reason in research on business topics such as decision-making, knowledge management, ethics and leadership. Ikujiro Nonaka, a Japanese scholar with notable theoretical and practical contributions to knowledge creation in organizations and with extensive experience in Japanese corporations, has joined this group of academics. As an Eastern thinker, he takes on a Western classical tradition, namely the virtue of Phronesis, making an important contribution to the application of ethical notions to business practice, in this case knowledge management. To locate his conceptualization of Aristotelian practical wisdom, we briefly describe his theory of knowledge creation, pointing to phroneticleadership skills as essential drivers of knowledge creation in organizations. Furthermore, we assess Nonaka’s incorporation of practical rationality from the point of view of the Western classical tradition.To conclude, we discuss the scope and limits of the use of Phronesisin Nonaka´s contribution, and ultimately suggest that incorporating the will helps us to understand prudence as a virtue and not just as an intellectual habit.
Factores asociados a la práctica reflexiva en estudiantes de pedagogía
Authors: Salinas-Espinosa Álvaro Luis , Rozas-Assael Tamara , Cisternas-Alarcón Pablo , González-Ugalde Carlos 
Published: January 2019

Este artículo describe la frecuencia con la cual estudiantes de pedagogía realizan prácticas reflexivas, y analiza factores que pueden explicar esta frecuencia. Para ello se empleó una perspectiva cuantitativa que incluyó una encuesta a una muestra de 650 estudiantes de 134 programas de formación de profesores en Chile. Los resultados muestran que los factores más importantes para explicar la práctica reflexiva se relacionan con el supervisor. Los factores relacionados con los compañeros de estudio y con la discusión sobre la profesión docente contribuyen menos a la práctica reflexiva.
CyberManufacturing System: A Solution for Sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Song Zhengyi , Moon Young 
Published: January 2019

CyberManufacturing System (CMS) is emerging as a new manufacturing paradigm and an integrated management approach, and it is capable of providing on-demand, data-driven, highly-collaborative, knowledge-intensive and sustainability-oriented manufacturing solutions. The recent developments in the Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Service-Oriented Technologies, and Machine Learning, all contribute to the development of CMS. In CMS, each manufacturer is able to package their resources and capabilities into services and make them available to customers through pay-per-use pricing strategy. Associated capabilities such as computing and simulation resources, application software, know-hows, and expertise also become accessible to worldwide users via the Internet.
The manufacturing community is searching for sustainable manufacturing solutions to address environmental degradation and natural resource depletion issues. Sustainable manufacturing systems need to be socially and environmentally responsible as well as economically viable. CMS possesses advanced features — such as resource sharing, servitization and self-manage capabilities — suitable for addressing sustainability issues. This paper presents a framework of the CMS paradigm and performance analysis from the perspective of sustainability. An architecture is proposed to elaborate the constitutions of CMS and to make manufacturing operations transparent. Two case studies are used to illustrate (i) how initial manufacturing requests can be processed and met by a collection of production services and (ii) how the effectiveness of the proposed framework in addressing sustainability issues can be evaluated.
A Hybrid Thermal Management System With Negative Parasitic Losses for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs
Authors: Arora Shashank , Tammi Kari 
Published: January 2019

Parasitic power requirement is a key criterion in selection of suitable battery thermal management system (TMS) for EV applications. This paper presents a hybrid TMS with negative parasitic requirements, designed by integrating phase change material (PCM) with thermoelectric devices. The proposed system does not require any power consumption to maintain tight control over battery cell temperature during aggressive use and repetitive cycling. In addition, it can recover a portion of waste heat produced during the typical operation of EV battery packs.
Commercially available LiFeP04 20 Ah pouch cell has been chosen as a test battery sample for validating the conceptual design presented herein. The commercial battery cells, submerged in a PCM-filled polycarbonate casing, are subjected to a cyclic discharge process to elucidate their heat generation characteristics at 27 °C. Charging and discharging is conducted at 0.5C and 1C, respectively. A thermoelectric circuit is used to recover the heat energy absorbed by the PCM and to convert it to electrical energy. The manuscript further details some of the major findings of this experiment.
Extracting Substantial Free Energy From Static Ambient Potential Energy Using Distance, Time-Lapse Chaos, and Coriolis Principles
Authors: Surjaatmadja Jim B. 
Published: January 2019

Extracting free energy has long been a goal of science but is mostly considered impossible to achieve. Natural processes having independent movement, such as rivers and wind, are often used but provide varied effectiveness. However, coordinated instability within a statically pressurized ambience can be used to extract a significant percentage of the ambient potential energy. This method creates two pathways between two adjacent points, one being a chaotic or Coriolis swirling path and the other being a direct path, thereby creating a pressure difference between the two adjacent points, which can be harvested to reduce the kinetic energy input required to perform the process.
While some refer to the proposed benefits as “perpetual motion,” it is necessary to understand that 55 to 80% of the required kinetic energy would still be mechanically generated; therefore, they could be better referred to as “coordinated chaos” or a “Coriolis energy extractor” to save energy [1].
This paper studies direct returns—extracting energy directly from a static (not dynamic) ambient energy. While such returns might not be substantial in normal activities, in deepwater or underground applications (e.g., oil or gas wells), they can be significant, often equating to a 20–45% reduction in fuel use or pollutant generation. In operations that use 20,000 horsepower, this could represent a savings of 4,000 horsepower or 10,000,000 Btu/hr with no associated financial costs.
Determining Cutting Pressure Coefficients for Aluminum 6061-T6 Using a Small Number of Drilling Experiments
Authors: Seif Charbel Y. , Hage Ilige S. , Hamade Ramsey F. 
Published: January 2019

Cutting pressure models have long been utilized for calculating machining force components both tangential and normal. This work lists literature-reported closed form analytical models for torque and thrust of material cutting pressures. Typically, these models are equations formulated in terms of process parameters including mainly cutting speed (V, m/min), feed (f, mm/rev), and tool rake angle (α, degrees). This work aims to benefit from the variation in rake angle and cutting speeds encountered along the lip cutting edge of a standards twist drill to generate normal and tangential cutting pressure empirical models for aluminum 6061-T6 material based on a limited number of drilling feed rate and spindle speed combinations. To isolate the 10mm twist drill bit cutting edge forces, drilling experiments were conducted utilizing 2.5mm pre-cored workpieces. Cutting lip edge toque and thrust data were collected from conducted series of drilling experiments with total number of 10 varying combinations of feed rate and spindle speeds.
Values of cutting pressure in terms of feed, speed, and rake angle parameters were identified using a custom-developed MATLAB® code. Minimized is the difference between the cutting pressure-based closed form torque and thrust models versus the experimentally collected cutting lip torque and thrust measurements. Based on this MATLAB® code, cutting feed, speed and rake angle parameters found around −0.2, −0.1 and 1.5 respectively based on a convergence criteria of 10−10 and maximum iteration number of 1000. These optimized cutting pressure parameters were found to predict well the collected experimental forces and were found to be in line with parameter values as reported in the literature.