bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current mismatch repair deficiency tumor testing practices and capabilities: A survey of Australian pathology providers
Authors: Mascarenhas Lyon , Shanley Susan , Mitchell Gillian , Spurdle Amanda B. , Macrae Finlay , Pachter Nicholas , Buchanan Daniel D. , Ward Robyn L. , Fox Stephen , Duxbury Elaine , Driessen Rebecca , Boussioutas Alex 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAim & MethodsAn electronic survey of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia accredited pathology services was conducted to assess Lynch syndrome tumor screening practices and to identify barriers and capabilities to screen newly diagnosed colorectal and endometrial tumors in Australia.ResultsAustralia lacks a national policy for universal mismatch repair‐deficient (dMMR) testing of incident colorectal and endometrial tumors cases. Routine Lynch syndrome tumor screening program for colorectal and/or endometrial tumors was applied by 95% (37/39) of laboratories. Tumor dMMR screening methods varied; MMR protein immunohistochemistry (IHC) alone was undertaken by 77% of 39 laboratories, 18% performed both IHC and microsatellite instability testing, 5% did not have the capacity to perform in‐house testing. For colorectal tumors, 47% (17/36) reported following a universal approach without age limit, 30% (11/36) tested only “red flag” cases; 6% (3/36) on clinician request only. For endometrial tumors, 37% (12/33) reported clinician request generated testing, 27% (9/33) were screening only “red flag” cases, and 12% (4/33) carried out universal screening without an age criteria. BRAF V600E mutation testing of colorectal tumors demonstrating aberrant MLH1 protein expression by IHC was the most common secondary tumor test, with 53% of laboratories performing the test; 15% of laboratories also applied the BRAF V600E test to endometrial tumors with aberrant MLH1 expression despite no evidence for its utility. Tumor testing for MLH1 promoter methylation was performed by less than 15% laboratories.ConclusionAlthough use of tumor screening for evidence of dMMR is widely available, protocols for its use in Australia vary widely. This national survey provides a snapshot of the current availability and practice of tumor dMMR screening and identifies the need for a uniform national testing policy.
Recombinant mouse calcitonin gene‐related peptide secreted by Lactococcus lactis inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response in macrophages
Authors: Namai Fu , Yamamoto Yoshinari , Sato Takashi , Ogita Tasuku , Shimosato Takeshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe describe the development of a genetically modified strain of lactic acid bacteria (gmLAB) capable of producing a recombinant mouse calcitonin gene‐related peptide (rCGRP). This strain (NZ‐CGRP) was generated by introducing a CGRP secretion plasmid into Lactococcus lactis NZ9000. Western blotting confirmed the secretion of rCGRP in the presence of the inducer nisin. Highly purified rCGRP was obtained from the culture supernatants of NZ‐CGRP. We demonstrated that prophylactic exposure of a culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages to rCGRP inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induction of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). The rCGRP‐secreting gmLAB strain holds promise for development as a new anti‐inflammatory prophylactic.
Stanozolol promotes lipid deposition in the aorta through an imbalance in inflammatory cytokines and oxidative status in LDLr knockout mice fed a normal diet
Authors: de Andrade Tadeu Uggere , Haguihara Silvia Cruz Goes Coutinho , Falsoni Raiana Maria Prucoli , da Silva Cristiane Lyrio , Dubois Filho Dionísio Gonzaga , de Souza Andrade Moraes Flávia , do Nascimento Andrews Marques , Brasil Girlandia Alexandre , de Lima Ewelyne Miranda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of an anabolic steroid, stanozolol, in a model of atherosclerosis and to investigate the involvement of the modulation of the inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in vascular lipid deposition. Low‐density lipid receptor‐deficient (LDLr−/−) mice were fed a standard chow diet and were each week injected subcutaneously either saline (control C group) or 20 mg/kg stanozolol (S group). After 8 weeks, the levels of cholesterol, oxidized LDL (OxLDL) and cytokines were measured in plasma, lipid deposition in aorta was evaluated by en face analysis, and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances and oxidation protein were determined in liver. The S group demonstrated increases in vascular lipid deposition, triglycerides and non‐HDL cholesterol levels. Stanozolol increased tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and decreased interleukin‐10 as well as increased the TNF‐α/IL‐10 ratio. Furthermore, oxidative stress was observed in the S group, as indicated by an increase in the plasma OxLDL, as well as by lipid peroxidation and oxidation of proteins in the liver. Chronic treatment with stanozolol promoted lipid deposition in the LDLr−/− mice that could be attributed to a modification of the circulating cytokine levels and systemic oxidative stress. Our results suggest that the anabolic steroid stanozolol in the absence of functional LDL receptors by increasing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress may increase the risk of development and progression of atherosclerosis.
The impact of climate on the law of one price: A test using North American food prices from the 1920s
Authors: Cater Bruce , Lew Byron 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing grocery price data for over 100 urban locations across the US and Canada from the 1920s, we show that deviations from the law of one price (LOP) were strongly related to climate differences. The effect of climate has a large impact on the elasticity of deviations from LOP with respect to distance, while having no impact on the border effect. We then test a counterfactual to show that the relationship between deviations from LOP and temperature does not hold when historical temperature data are replaced with contemporary. This is evidence that climate impacts production.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms During the Pre‐ and Postnatal Periods and Infant Attention to Emotional Faces
Authors: Kataja Eeva‐Leena , Karlsson Linnea , Leppänen Jukka M. , Pelto Juho , Häikiö Tuomo , Nolvi Saara , Pesonen Henri , Parsons Christine E. , Hyönä Jukka , Karlsson Hasse 
Published: October 2018

We examined how infants’ attentional disengagement from happy, fearful, neutral, and phase‐scrambled faces at 8 months, as assessed by eye tracking, is associated with trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms from early pregnancy to 6 months postpartum (decreasing n = 48, increasing n = 34, and consistently low symptom levels n = 280). The sample (mother–infant dyads belonging to a larger FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study) was collected between 5/2013–6/2016. The overall disengagement probability from faces to distractors was not related to maternal depressive symptoms, but fear bias was heightened in infants whose mothers reported decreasing or increasing depressive symptoms. Exacerbated attention to fearful faces in infants of mothers with depressive symptoms may be independent of the timing of the symptoms in the pre‐ and postnatal stages.
Word Forms Are Structured for Efficient Use
Authors: Mahowald Kyle , Dautriche Isabelle , Gibson Edward , Piantadosi Steven T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractZipf famously stated that, if natural language lexicons are structured for efficient communication, the words that are used the most frequently should require the least effort. This observation explains the famous finding that the most frequent words in a language tend to be short. A related prediction is that, even within words of the same length, the most frequent word forms should be the ones that are easiest to produce and understand. Using orthographics as a proxy for phonetics, we test this hypothesis using corpora of 96 languages from Wikipedia. We find that, across a variety of languages and language families and controlling for length, the most frequent forms in a language tend to be more orthographically well‐formed and have more orthographic neighbors than less frequent forms. We interpret this result as evidence that lexicons are structured by language usage pressures to facilitate efficient communication.
Self‐care and manual ability in preschool children with cerebral palsy: a longitudinal study
Authors: Burgess Andrea , Boyd Roslyn N , Ziviani Jenny , Ware Robert S , Sakzewski Leanne 
Published: October 2018

AimTo describe longitudinal development of self‐care and its relationship to manual ability in children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 18 months to 5 years across all functional abilities.MethodThis was a prospective longitudinal population‐based study of 290 children with CP (178 [61%] males, 112 [39%] females). Self‐care was assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). At 60 months (n=242), children were classified using the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS); 113 in level I (47%), 61 in MACS level II (25%), 24 in MACS level III (10%), 14 in MACS level IV (6%), and 30 in MACS level V (12%). Measures were taken at 18 months, 24 months, 30 months, 36 months, 48 months, and 60 months of age. Longitudinal analyses were performed using mixed‐effects linear regression models.ResultsSelf‐care development achieved by 60 months was negatively associated with the severity of manual ability impairment. Distinct self‐care developmental trajectories were found with estimated changes in PEDI self‐care scaled scores per month: 0.61 for MACS level I, 0.46 for MACS levels II, 0.31 for MACS level III, 0.16 for MACS level IV, and 0.03 for MACS level V. Children classified in MACS level V had the lowest level of self‐care skills at 18 months and showed no progress in self‐care development.InterpretationThis study reports rate of self‐care development in preschool children with CP. Self‐care performance was highest in children with greatest manual ability. Clinicians may use rates of change to predict or monitor self‐care performance. PEDI trajectories inform goal setting in discussions with families regarding expected levels of independence in self‐care.What this paper adds

Distinct self‐care developmental trajectories in children with cerebral palsy were found according to Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) levels.

Children in MACS levels IV and V with epilepsy did not show any significant change in self‐care.

Children in MACS levels IV and V without epilepsy demonstrated small yet significant gains in self‐care performance.
Discula quercina as a possible causal agent of dieback on oak trees in Iran
Authors: Hanifeh Syamak , Zafari Doustmorad , Soleimani Mohammad Javad , Ravanlou Abbasali 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring spring and summer of 2016, dieback symptoms including blights of leaves, twigs, and acorns were observed on current year shoots of Quercus infectoria in the Zagros oak forests of Iran. The fungus isolated from damaged tissues was identified as Discula quercina based on both morphological characteristics and ITS sequencing. To fulfil the Koch's postulates, a representative isolate was inoculated onto shoots of Q. infectoria and Quercus libani in both laboratory and forest conditions. Responses of the two oak species to inoculation with D. quercina were examined under laboratory and forest conditions in a completely randomized experiment. Discula quercina was clearly involved in oak dieback, and Q. infectoria was more susceptible than Q. libani to damage by the pathogen. This is the first record of the occurrence and pathogenicity of the fungus Discula quercina on Quercus infectoria. The fungus is considered as an emerging pathogen on oak trees in Zagros forests in Iran. Furthermore, the pathogenicity of the Discula quercina on Q. libani under laboratory and forest conditions increases the potential importance of this pathogen in Zagros forests.
Beyond the personal–anonymous divide: agency relations in powers of attorney in France in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Authors: Eloire Fabien , Lemercier Claire , Santarosa Veronica Aoki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPowers of attorney are often interpreted as evidence of trust among the parties involved. We build a novel dataset of notarized powers of attorney, capturing a wide variety of agency relationships in four large French commercial cities in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, to test hypotheses on the relational basis of economic relationships. We find little support for the idea of a radical shift from personal to anonymous relationships during our period. Our results point to more nuanced transformations. The preference for proxies in the same occupation as the principal somewhat declined, while professional proxies emerged and principals used relational chains, especially involving notaries, to find proxies.
Tired and stressed: Examining the need for sleep
Authors: Hill Vanessa M. , O'Connor Reed M. , Shirasu-Hiza Mimi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA key feature of circadian rhythms is the sleep/wake cycle. Sleep causes reduced responsiveness to the environment, which puts animals in a particularly vulnerable state; yet sleep has been conserved throughout evolution, indicating that it fulfils a vital purpose. A core function of sleep across species has not been identified, but substantial advances in sleep research have been made in recent years using the genetically tractable model organism, Drosophila melanogaster. This review describes the universality of sleep, the regulation of sleep, and current theories on the function of sleep, highlighting a historical and often overlooked theory called the Free Radical Flux Theory of Sleep. Additionally, we summarize our recent work with short‐sleeping Drosophila mutants and other genetic and pharmacological tools for manipulating sleep which supports an antioxidant theory of sleep and demonstrates a bi‐directional relationship between sleep and oxidative stress.
A retrobulbar dermoid cyst with involvement of the sinus in an 18‐year old pony
Authors: Visser E. M. S. , Caliskan N. , Veraa S. , Hermans H. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis case report describes a retrobulbar dermoid cyst in an 18‐year‐old pony with an invasive character into the frontal sinus. CT imaging was important for the appropriate management of this case and the definitive diagnosis was obtained from histopathology. Surgical excision was performed successfully without recurrence 1‐year post‐operatively. The pony returned to its intended use and previous performance level, although complaints of mild symptoms of headshaking were noted in bright light only.
The real effects of proxy advisors on the firm
Authors: Calluzzo Paul , Dudley Evan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the influence of proxy advisors (PA) on firm voting outcomes, policies, and value. We measure PA influence with shareholders' historical propensity to follow PA recommendations. PA influence increases the impact of PA recommendations on proxy voting outcomes and firm policies. When shareholders have private incentives to engage in costly research in the absence of a proxy advisor, PA influence neither harms nor benefits shareholder value. However, at firms with dispersed shareholders PA influence can increase value. Our findings are consistent with theories of voting in which proxy advisors compete with private information acquisition efforts by large shareholders.
Trade‐offs between soil carbon sequestration and reactive nitrogen losses under straw return in global agroecosystems
Authors: Xia Longlong , Lam Shu Kee , Wolf Benjamin , Kiese Ralf , Chen Deli , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is widely recommended that crop straw be returned to croplands to maintain or increase soil carbon (C) storage in arable soils. However, because C and nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles are closely coupled, straw return may also affect soil reactive N (Nr) losses, but these effects remain uncertain, especially in terms of the interactions between soil C sequestration and Nr losses under straw addition. Here, we conducted a global meta‐analysis using 363 publications to assess the overall effects of straw return on soil Nr losses, C sequestration and crop productivity in agroecosystems. Our results show that on average, compared to mineral N fertilization, straw return with same amount of mineral N fertilizer significantly increased soil organic C (SOC) content (14.9%), crop yield (5.1%), and crop N uptake (10.9%). Moreover, Nr losses in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from rice paddies (17.3%), N leaching (8.7%), and runoff (25.6%) were significantly reduced, mainly due to enhanced microbial N immobilization. However, N2O emissions from upland fields (21.5%) and ammonia (NH3) emissions (17.0%) significantly increased following straw return, mainly due to the stimulation of nitrification/denitrification and soil urease activity. The increase in NH3 and N2O emissions was significantly and negatively correlated with straw C/N ratio and soil clay content. Regarding the interactions between C sequestration and Nr losses, the increase in SOC content following straw return was significantly and positively correlated with the decrease in N leaching and runoff. However, at a global scale, straw return increased net Nr losses from both rice and upland fields due to a greater stimulation of NH3 emissions than the reduction in N leaching and runoff. The trade‐offs between increased net Nr losses and soil C sequestration highlight the importance of reasonably managing straw return to soils to limit NH3 emissions without decreasing associated C sequestration potential.
Quantifying the legacy of snowmelt timing on soil greenhouse gas emissions in a seasonally dry montane forest
Authors: Blankinship Joseph C. , McCorkle Emma P. , Meadows Matthew W. , Hart Stephen C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe release of water during snowmelt orchestrates a variety of important belowground biogeochemical processes in seasonally snow‐covered ecosystems, including the production and consumption of greenhouse gases (GHGs) by soil microorganisms. Snowmelt timing is advancing rapidly in these ecosystems, but there is still a need to isolate the effects of earlier snowmelt on soil GHG fluxes. For an improved mechanistic understanding of the biogeochemical effects of snowmelt timing during the snow‐free period, we manipulated a high‐elevation forest that typically receives over two meters of snowfall but little summer precipitation to influence legacy effects of snowmelt timing. We altered snowmelt rates for two years using black sand to accelerate snowmelt and white fabric to postpone snowmelt, thus creating a two‐ to three‐week disparity in snowmelt timing. Soil microclimate and fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) were monitored weekly to monthly during the snow‐free period. Microbial abundances were estimated by potential assays near the end of each snow‐free period. Although earlier snowmelt caused soil drying, we found no statistically significant effects (p < 0.05) of altered snowmelt timing on fluxes of CO2 or N2O, or soil microbial abundances. Soil CH4 fluxes, however, did respond to snowmelt timing, with 18% lower rates of CH4 uptake in the earlier snowmelt treatment, but only after a dry winter. Cumulative CO2 emission and CH4 uptake were 43% and 88% greater, respectively, after the dry winter. We conclude that soil GHG fluxes can be surprisingly resistant to hydrological changes associated with earlier snowmelt, likely because of persistent moisture and microbial activities in deeper mineral soils. As a result, a drier California in the future may cause seasonally snow‐covered soils in the Sierra Nevada to emit more GHGs, not less.
Bleeding events and safety outcomes in persons with haemophilia A with inhibitors: A prospective, multi‐centre, non‐interventional study
Authors: Mahlangu Johnny , Oldenburg Johannes , Callaghan Michael U. , Shima Midori , Santagostino Elena , Moore Maggie , Recht Michael , Garcia Claudia , Yang Renchi , Lehle Michaela , Macharia Harrison , Asikanius Elina , Levy Gallia G. , Kruse‐Jarres Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionProspectively collected, real‐world data on bleeds, haemophilic treatment and safety outcomes in persons with haemophilia A (PwHA) with factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors are limited. A prospective, global, multi‐centre, non‐interventional study (NIS; NCT02476942) collected detailed real‐world data in PwHA treated per local routine clinical practice.AimTo characterize bleeding rates, haemophilic treatment practices, prophylaxis adherence and adverse events (AEs) in adult/adolescent PwHA with inhibitors in the NIS.MethodsParticipants aged ≥12 years with congenital haemophilia A/documented high‐titre FVIII inhibitor history were enrolled. Participants remained on their usual treatment; no interventions were applied.ResultsOverall, 103 PwHA with inhibitors enrolled, (median [range] age 31 [12‐75] years) and were monitored for median (range) 26.0 (4.1‐69.6) weeks. In the episodic (n = 75) and prophylactic (n = 28) treatment groups, respectively, 1244 and 325 bleeds were reported, and 528 (42.4%) and 104 (32.0%) were not treated; annualized bleeding rates (ABRs; 95% confidence interval) were 18.6 (15.2‐22.8) and 14.9 (10.5‐21.2) for treated bleeds, and 32.7 (27.3‐39.1) and 25.0 (18.4‐34.0) for all bleeds. Coagulation products used included activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) and/or recombinant activated FVII. Among participants prescribed aPCC prophylaxis, 35.0% adhered to both prescribed frequency of aPCC administration and prescribed dose. Serious AEs of haemarthrosis and muscle haemorrhage were reported; most common AEs were arthralgia, viral upper respiratory tract infection and pyrexia.ConclusionsABRs (treated bleeds and all bleeds) remain high on standard treatment; this prospective NIS demonstrates the need for more effective treatments for PwHA with inhibitors to reduce/prevent bleeds, with potential to improve prophylaxis adherence and further improve outcomes.
Fermentation of Shiikuwasha (Citrus depressa Hayata) pomace by lactic acid bacteria to generate new functional materials
Authors: Kimoto‐Nira Hiromi , Moriya Naoko , Nogata Yoichi , Sekiyama Yasuyo , Toguchi Yutaka 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCitrus depressa Hayata, known as Shiikuwasha, has a high content of flavonoids (e.g. nobiletin) and beneficial effects on human health. Because Shiikuwasha is mainly consumed as squeezed juice, the pomace is usually discarded, despite its high content of nobiletin. Here, we developed Shiikuwasha pomace as a functional food through fermentation with probiotic lactic acid bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum E58 was able to ferment Shiikuwasha pomace. This strain had good survival at low pH and was able to adhere to porcine gastric mucin, a beneficial property of probiotics. Analysis with a taste‐sensing system indicated that Shiikuwasha pomace fermented by this strain, compared with unfermented pomace, was more acidic but less umami, and had less of an anionic bitter aftertaste. The fermentation did not decrease the nobiletin content. Thus, fermented Shiikuwasha pomace is a new functional by‐product that contains both flavonoids and probiotics and may facilitate waste reduction.