bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐cultural comparison of the roles of emotional intelligence, metacognition, and negative coping for health‐related quality of life in German versus Pakistani patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Ghafoor Hina , Ahmad Rana Altaf , Nordbeck Peter , Ritter Oliver , Pauli Paul , Schulz Stefan M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesLow emotional intelligence (EI) may predispose individuals to applying maladaptive coping strategies. This may maintain anxious worrying, which is highly prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and may affect mental (MCS) and physical component summaries (PCS) of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).DesignThe current study is a cross‐sectional and cross‐cultural survey.MethodsN = 200 outpatients with CHF were recruited at cardiology institutes in Germany and Pakistan and assessed with self‐report questionnaires.ResultsPath analysis (χ2(4) = 7.59, p = .11, GFI = .99) revealed that the expected associations between low EI and lower SF‐36 MCS and PCS of HRQoL were fully mediated by negative metacognition and maladaptive coping in the Pakistani sample (p's ≤ .05). The German sample applied different maladaptive coping strategies, which also led to lower MCS and PCS scores, but did not mediate a direct positive effect of EI on HRQoL.ConclusionThe current findings support culture‐independent validity of the metacognitive model but also reveal major cultural differences regarding the application and effect of specific maladaptive coping strategies. This has important implications for caregivers in a cross‐cultural context and highlights the need for culture‐specific tailoring of psychosocial interventions.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Worry, an integral component of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and highly comorbid in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients, contributes to anxiety and resulting stress as evident from metacognitive model of GAD. In addition, previous literature has also established the protective role of emotional intelligence (EI) against stress, thus maintaining quality of life.

What does this study add?

Cross‐cultural (Pakistan vs. Germany) validation of the metacognitive model of GAD.

Supportive evidence for the metacognitive model in patients with CHF.

Mediation of maladaptive metacognitions and negative coping in the relationship of low trait EI and low health‐related quality of life.
Optimizing Stepwise Animation in Dynamic Set Diagrams
Authors: Mizuno Kazuyo , Wu Hsiang‐Yun , Takahashi Shigeo , Igarashi Takeo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA set diagram represents the membership relation among data elements. It is often visualized as secondary information on top of primary information, such as the spatial positions of elements on maps and charts. Visualizing the temporal evolution of such set diagrams as well as their primary features is quite important; however, conventional approaches have only focused on the temporal behavior of the primary features and do not provide an effective means to highlight notable transitions within the set relationships. This paper presents an approach for generating a stepwise animation between set diagrams by decomposing the entire transition into atomic changes associated with individual data elements. The key idea behind our approach is to optimize the ordering of the atomic changes such that the synthesized animation minimizes unwanted set occlusions by considering their depth ordering and reduces the gaze shift between two consecutive stepwise changes. Experimental results and a user study demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively facilitates the visual identification of the detailed transitions inherent in dynamic set diagrams.
ClustMe: A Visual Quality Measure for Ranking Monochrome Scatterplots based on Cluster Patterns
Authors: Abbas Mostafa M. , Aupetit Michaël , Sedlmair Michael , Bensmail Halima 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe propose ClustMe, a new visual quality measure to rank monochrome scatterplots based on cluster patterns. ClustMe is based on data collected from a human‐subjects study, in which34participants judged synthetically generated cluster patterns in1000scatterplots. We generated these patterns by carefully varying the free parameters of a simple Gaussian Mixture Model with two components, and asked the participants to count the number of clusters they could see (1 or more than 1). Based on the results, we form ClustMe by selecting the model that best predicts these human judgments among7different state‐of‐the‐art merging techniques (Demp). To quantitatively evaluate ClustMe, we conducted a second study, in which31human subjects ranked 435 pairs of scatterplots of real and synthetic data in terms of cluster patterns complexity. We use this data to compare ClustMe's performance to 4 other state‐of‐the‐art clustering measures, including the well‐known Clumpiness scagnostics. We found that of all measures, ClustMe is in strongest agreement with the human rankings.
Route‐Aware Edge Bundling for Visualizing Origin‐Destination Trails in Urban Traffic
Authors: Zeng W. , Shen Q. , Jiang Y. , Telea A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOrigin‐destination (OD) trails describe movements across space. Typical visualizations thereof use either straight lines or plot the actual trajectories. To reduce clutter inherent to visualizing large OD datasets, bundling methods can be used. Yet, bundling OD trails in urban traffic data remains challenging. Two specific reasons hereof are the constraints implied by the underlying road network and the difficulty of finding good bundling settings. To cope with these issues, we propose a new approach called Route Aware Edge Bundling (RAEB). To handle road constraints, we first generate a hierarchical model of the road‐and‐trajectory data. Next, we derive optimal bundling parameters, including kernel size and number of iterations, for a user‐selected level of detail of this model, thereby allowing users to explicitly trade off simplification vs accuracy. We demonstrate the added value of RAEB compared to state‐of‐the‐art trail bundling methods on both synthetic and real‐world traffic data for tasks that include the preservation of road network topology and the support of multiscale exploration.
Bird's‐Eye ‐ Large‐Scale Visual Analytics of City Dynamics using Social Location Data
Authors: Krueger Robert , Han Qi , Ivanov Nikolay , Mahtal Sanae , Thom Dennis , Pfister Hanspeter , Ertl Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe analysis of behavioral city dynamics, such as temporal patterns of visited places and citizens' mobility routines, is an essential task for urban and transportation planning. Social media applications such as Foursquare and Twitter provide access to large‐scale and up‐to‐date dynamic movement data that not only help to understand the social life and pulse of a city but also to maintain and improve urban infrastructure. However, the fast growth rate of this data poses challenges for conventional methods to provide up‐to‐date, flexible analysis. Therefore, planning authorities barely consider it. We present a system and design study to leverage social media data that assist urban and transportation planners to achieve better monitoring and analysis of city dynamics such as visited places and mobility patterns in large metropolitan areas. We conducted a goal‐and‐task analysis with urban planning experts. To address these goals, we designed a system with a scalable data monitoring back‐end and an interactive visual analytics interface. The monitoring component uses intelligent pre‐aggregation to allow dynamic queries in near real‐time. The visual analytics interface leverages unsupervised learning to reveal clusters, routines, and unusual behavior in massive data, allowing to understand patterns in time and space. We evaluated our approach based on a qualitative user study with urban planning experts which demonstrates that intuitive integration of advanced analytical tools with visual interfaces is pivotal in making behavioral city dynamics accessible to practitioners. Our interviews also revealed areas for future research.
A stable graph layout algorithm for processes
Authors: Mennens Robin J.P. , Scheepens Roeland , Westenberg Michel A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProcess mining enables organizations to analyze data about their (business) processes. Visualization is key to gaining insight into these processes and the associated data. Process visualization requires a high‐quality graph layout that intuitively represents the semantics of the process. Process analysis additionally requires interactive filtering to explore the process data and process graph. The ideal process visualization therefore provides a high‐quality, intuitive layout and preserves the mental map of the user during the visual exploration. The current industry standard used for process visualization does not satisfy either of these requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel layout algorithm for processes based on the Sugiyama framework. Our approach consists of novel ranking and order constraint algorithms and a novel crossing minimization algorithm. These algorithms make use of the process data to compute stable, high‐quality layouts. In addition, we use phased animation to further improve mental map preservation. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations show that our approach computes layouts of higher quality and preserves the mental map better than the industry standard. Additionally, our approach is substantially faster, especially for graphs with more than 250 edges.
External Labeling Techniques: A Taxonomy and Survey
Authors: Bekos Michael A. , Niedermann Benjamin , Nöllenburg Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExternal labeling is frequently used for annotating features in graphical displays and visualizations, such as technical illustrations, anatomical drawings, or maps, with textual information. Such a labeling connects features within an illustration by thin leader lines with their labels, which are placed in the empty space surrounding the image. Over the last twenty years, a large body of literature in diverse areas of computer science has been published that investigates many different aspects, models, and algorithms for automatically placing external labels for a given set of features. This state‐of‐the‐art report introduces a first unified taxonomy for categorizing the different results in the literature and then presents a comprehensive survey of the state of the art, a sketch of the most relevant algorithmic techniques for external labeling algorithms, as well as a list of open research challenges in this multidisciplinary research field.
Targeting CGRP and 5‐HT1FReceptors for the Acute Therapy of Migraine: A Literature Review
Authors: Moreno‐Ajona David , Chan Calvin , Villar‐Martínez María Dolores , Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo review and highlight current literature on emerging acute migraine treatments, focusing on CGRP receptor antagonists, gepants, and 5‐HT1Freceptor agonists (ditans).BackgroundCurrent acute migraine therapy consists of nonspecific analgesia and triptans. Limitations to these medicines, including lack of efficacy in many patients, side effects and the contraindication of triptans in patients with cardiovascular disease, suggest that there is an unmet need for new treatments. Studies of serotonin pharmacology led to the development of triptans, 5‐HT1B/1Dreceptor agonists, some of which have actions at the 5‐HT1Freceptor. Exploration of the role of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) has resulted in the development of CGRP receptor antagonists.MethodThe authors performed a literature search of Pubmed and Cochrane databases as well as reviewed abstracts presented at meetings: American Headache Society, American Academy of Neurology, European Headache Federation and the Migraine Trust International Symposium, as well as on‐line sources. The authors briefly detail the relevant migraine pathophysiology pertaining to 5‐HT1Freceptor and the CGRP pathway relevant to acute therapies. Recent clinical trials of acute therapies in which 5‐HT1Freceptor agonists or CGRP receptor antagonists were studied are summarized.ResultsTwo 5‐HT1Freceptor agonists have reached phase II clinical trials. One, lasmiditan, has completed 2 phase III clinical trials, demonstrating a significant effect for pain freedom and most bothersome symptom at 2 hours. Among the 6 gepants tested for the acute treatment of migraine to date, after issues for some of hepatic safety or efficacy, 2 CGRP receptor antagonists, rimegepant and ubrogepant, have completed phase III trials showing efficacy and safety.ConclusionCurrent available therapies have either been nonspecific or had important limitations, including in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Phase III clinical trials of lasmiditan, rimegepant and ubrogepant all met their primary endpoints, so the options for migraine‐targeted acute therapy will likely soon increase.
Brown adipose tissue estimated with the magnetic resonance imaging fat fraction is associated with glucose metabolism in adolescents
Authors: Lundström Elin , Ljungberg Joy , Andersson Jonathan , Manell Hannes , Strand Robin , Forslund Anders , Bergsten Peter , Weghuber Daniel , Mörwald Katharina , Zsoldos Fanni , Widhalm Kurt , Meissnitzer Matthias , Ahlström Håkan , Kullberg Joel 
Published: July 2019

SummaryBackgroundDespite therapeutic potential against obesity and diabetes, the associations of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with glucose metabolism in young humans are relatively unexplored.ObjectivesTo investigate possible associations between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) estimates of BAT and glucose metabolism, whilst considering sex, age, and adiposity, in adolescents with normal and overweight/obese phenotypes.MethodsIn 143 subjects (10‐20 years), MRI estimates of BAT were assessed as cervical‐supraclavicular adipose tissue (sBAT) fat fraction (FF) and
from water‐fat MRI. FF and
of neighbouring subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were also assessed. Adiposity was estimated with a standardized body mass index, the waist‐to‐height ratio, and abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes. Glucose metabolism was represented by the 2h plasma glucose concentration, the Matsuda index, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and the oral disposition index; obtained from oral glucose tolerance tests.ResultssBAT FF and
correlated positively with adiposity before and after adjustment for sex and age. sBAT FF, but not
, correlated with 2h glucose and Matsuda index, also after adjustment for sex, age, and adiposity. The association with 2h glucose persisted after additional adjustment for SAT FF.ConclusionsThe association between sBAT FF and 2h glucose, observed independently of sex, age, adiposity, and SAT FF, indicates a role for BAT in glucose metabolism, which potentially could influence the risk of developing diabetes. The lacking association with sBAT
might be due to FF being a superior biomarker for BAT and/or to methodological limitations in the
quantification.
Orthostatic hypotension and the risk of atrial fibrillation and other cardiovascular diseases: An updated meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Min Min , Shi Tingting , Sun Chenyu , Liang Mingming , Zhang Yun , Bo Guang , Sun Yehuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe relationships between orthostatic hypotension (OH) and some kinds of cardiovascular disease are inconsistent among studies. This updated meta‐analysis was conducted in hopes of producing progress on this topic. A systematic database search was performed in electronic databases, including the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Summary hazard ratio (HR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by a random‐effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic. From 1462 potentially eligible records, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Subjects with OH had a high risk of heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) (pooled HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.17‐1.52, P < 0.001 and pooled HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.28‐1.79, P < 0.001, respectively). This meta‐analysis also showed significant associations between OH and the risks of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) (pooled HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.18‐1.75, P < 0.001) and myocardial infarction (MI) (pooled HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.12‐2.06, P = 0.008). Our study suggests that OH is positively associated with high risks of HF and AF. Moreover, it may be related to high risks of CHD and MI.
IDENTITY ECONOMICS: SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Norris Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWithin the economic literature, studies in identity economics, peer effects, and skill development have all suggested that social influences have an important role in determining choices. In this review, I draw on lessons learned from the identity economics literature to examine implications from the peer effects and skill development literature. I focus on the role of social identity in generating social group effects from peers and what role identity may have in shaping the development of skills from broader environments, parents and peers during childhood and adolescence.
Boomeranging around Australia: Historical biogeography and population genomics of the anti‐equatorial fish Microcanthus strigatus (Teleostei: Microcanthidae)
Authors: Tea Yi‐Kai , Van Der Wal Cara , Ludt William B. , Gill Anthony C. , Lo Nathan , Ho Simon Y. W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe geographic distributions of marine fishes have been shaped by ancient vicariance and ongoing dispersal events. Some species exhibit anti‐equatorial distributions, inhabiting temperate regions on both sides of the tropics while being absent from equatorial latitudes. The perciform fish Microcanthus strigatus (the stripey) exhibits such a distribution with disjunct populations occurring in East Asia, Hawaii, Western Australia, and the southwest Pacific. Here, we examine the historical biogeography and evolutionary history of M. strigatus, based on more than 80 specimens sampled from the four major populations. We analysed 36 morphological characters, three mitochondrial markers, and two sets of 7,120 and 12,771 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from the nuclear genome. Our results suggest that M. strigatus represents a cryptic species complex comprising at least two genetically distinct populations worthy of species‐level recognition, with one population exhibiting strong genetic structuring but with intermittent, historical gene flow. We provide evidence for a southwest Pacific origin for the ancestral Microcanthus and explain how past connectivity between these regions might have given rise to the relationships observed in present‐day marine fauna. Our ancestral range reconstructions and molecular‐clock analyses support a southwest Pacific centre of origin for Microcanthus, with subsequent colonization of Western Australia through the Bass Strait followed by transequatorial dispersals to the Northern Hemisphere during the Pleistocene. Our results detail an anti‐tropical dispersal pattern that is highly unusual and previously undocumented, thereby emphasizing the importance of integrative systematics in the evaluation of widespread species.
Early life social and ecological determinants of global DNA methylation in wild spotted hyenas
Authors: Laubach Zachary M. , Faulk Christopher D. , Dolinoy Dana C. , Montrose Luke , Jones Tamara R. , Ray Donna , Pioon Malit O. , Holekamp Kay E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnvironmental factors early in life can have lasting influence on the development and phenotypes of animals, but the underlying molecular modifications remain poorly understood. We examined cross‐sectional associations among early life socioecological factors and global DNA methylation in 293 wild spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, grouped according to three age classes (cub, subadult and adult). Explanatory variables of interest included annual maternal rank based on outcomes of dyadic agonistic interactions, litter size, wild ungulate prey density and anthropogenic disturbance in the year each hyena was born based on counts of illegal livestock in the Reserve. The dependent variable of interest was global DNA methylation, assessed via the LUminometric Methylation Assay, which provides a percentage methylation value calculated at CCGG sites across the genome. Among cubs, we observed approximately 2.75% higher CCGG methylation in offspring born to high‐ than low‐ranking mothers. Among cubs and subadults, higher anthropogenic disturbance corresponded with greater %CCGG methylation. In both cubs and adults, we found an inverse association between prey density measured before a hyena was 3 months old and %CCGG methylation. Our results suggest that maternal rank, anthropogenic disturbance and prey availability early in life are associated with later life global DNA methylation. Future studies are required to understand the extent to which these DNA methylation patterns relate to adult phenotypes and fitness outcomes.
A novel resistance against powdery mildew found in winter barley cultivars
Authors: Dreiseitl Antonín 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBarley powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei can be effectively controlled using genetic resistance. Moreover, specific resistances are also important for characterizing cultivars and verifying their origin, purity and authenticity. Winter barley is distinguished by several specific resistances, which are usually absent in spring barley. Besides responses caused by known genes, many cultivars showed a response suggesting the presence of an unknown resistance. Therefore, the aim of this research was firstly, to test winter barley cultivars, suspected to carry an unknown resistance gene, using a large collection of pathogen isolates for their expression of this specific response and to characterise the corresponding resistance. A set of 16 winter barley accessions originating from four gene banks was studied where each accession was represented by five single plant progenies. For resistance tests, 56 isolates of the pathogen were used. A new resistance with a proposed designation of Lu was found in all 16 selected accessions. Apart from Lu, eight well‐known Ml genes (a6, a8, a12, g, h, Lo, ra and Ru2) were postulated. Two accessions of cv. 'Borwina' originating from different gene banks were found to differ in their set of resistance genes.