bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSV10: A Global Data Set for 0–10 Ma Time‐Averaged Field and Paleosecular Variation Studies
Authors: Cromwell G. , Johnson C. L. , Tauxe L. , Constable C. G. , Jarboe N. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGlobally distributed paleomagnetic data from discrete volcanic sites have previously been used for statistical studies of paleosecular variation and the structure of the time‐averaged field. We present a new data compilation, PSV10, selected from high‐quality paleodirections recorded over the past 10 Ma and comprising 2,401 sites from 81 studies. We require the use of modern laboratory and processing methods, a minimum of four samples per site, and within‐site Fisher precision parameter, kw, ≥50. Studies that identify significant tectonic effects or explicitly target transitional field states are excluded, thereby reducing oversampling of transitional time intervals. Additionally, we apply two approaches using geological evidence to minimize effects of short‐term serial correlation. PSV10 is suitable for use in new global geomagnetic and paleomagnetic studies as it has greatly improved spatial coverage of sites, especially at equatorial and high latitudes. VGP dispersion is latitudinally dependent, with substantially higher values in the Southern Hemisphere than at corresponding northern latitudes when no VGP cutoff is imposed. Average inclination anomalies for 10° latitude bins range from about +3 ± 2° to −7.5 ± 2° for the entire data set, with the largest negative values occurring at equatorial and mid‐northern latitudes. New 0–5 Ma TAF models (LN3 and LN3‐SC) based on selections of normal polarity data from PSV10 indicate a
term that is 3.0% of
. Non‐zonal variations in field structure are observed near the magnetic equator and in regions of increased radial flux at high latitudes over the Americas, the Indian Ocean, and Asia.
Hot Upper Mantle Beneath the Tristan da Cunha Hotspot From Probabilistic Rayleigh‐Wave Inversion and Petrological Modeling
Authors: Bonadio Raffaele , Geissler Wolfram H. , Lebedev Sergei , Fullea Javier , Ravenna Matteo , Celli Nicolas L. , Jokat Wilfried , Jegen Marion , Sens‐Schönfelder Christoph , Baba Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the enigmatic intraplate volcanism in the Tristan da Cunha region requires knowledge of the temperature of the lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath it. We measured phase‐velocity curves of Rayleigh waves using cross‐correlation of teleseismic seismograms from an array of ocean‐bottom seismometers around Tristan, constrained a region‐average, shear‐velocity structure, and inferred the temperature of the lithosphere and asthenosphere beneath the hotspot. The ocean‐bottom data set presented some challenges, which required data‐processing and measurement approaches different from those tuned for land‐based arrays of stations. Having derived a robust, phase‐velocity curve for the Tristan area, we inverted it for a shear wave velocity profile using a probabilistic (Markov chain Monte Carlo) approach. The model shows a pronounced low‐velocity anomaly from 70 to at least 120 km depth.
in the low velocity zone is 4.1–4.2 km/s, not as low as reported for Hawaii (∼4.0 km/s), which probably indicates a less pronounced thermal anomaly and, possibly, less partial melting. Petrological modeling shows that the seismic and bathymetry data are consistent with a moderately hot mantle (mantle potential temperature of 1,410–1,430°C, an excess of about 50–120°C compared to the global average) and a melt fraction smaller than 1%. Both purely seismic inversions and petrological modeling indicate a lithospheric thickness of 65–70 km, consistent with recent estimates from receiver functions. The presence of warmer‐than‐average asthenosphere beneath Tristan is consistent with a hot upwelling (plume) from the deep mantle. However, the excess temperature we determine is smaller than that reported for some other major hotspots, in particular Hawaii.
Variations in Ionospheric Peak Electron Density During Sudden Stratospheric Warmings in the Arctic Region
Authors: Yasyukevich A. S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe focus of the paper is the ionospheric disturbances during sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events in the Arctic region. This study examines the ionospheric behavior during 12 SSW events, which occurred in the Northern Hemisphere over 2006–2013, based on vertical sounding data from DPS‐4 ionosonde located in Norilsk (88.0°E, 69.2°N). Most of the addressed events show that despite generally quiet geomagnetic conditions, notable changes in the ionospheric behavior are observed during SSWs. During the SSW evolution and peak phases, there is a daytime decrease in NmF2 values at 10–20% relative to background level. After the SSW maxima, in contrast, midday NmF2 surpasses the average monthly values for 10–20 days. These changes in the electron density are observed for both strong and weak stratospheric warmings occurring at midwinter. The revealed SSW effects in the polar ionosphere are assumed to be associated with changes in the thermospheric neutral composition, affecting the F2‐layer electron density. Analysis of the Global Ultraviolet Imager data revealed the positive variations in the O/N2 ratio within the thermosphere during SSW peak and recovery periods. Probable mechanisms for SSW impact on the state of the high‐latitude neutral thermosphere and ionosphere are discussed.
Quantitative Verification and Calibration of Volcanic Ash Ensemble Forecasts Using Satellite Data
Authors: Zidikheri Meelis J. , Lucas Christopher , Potts Rodney J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we address the problem of verifying and calibrating ensemble‐based probabilistic volcanic ash forecasts. The ensemble members are constructed from dispersion model simulations with different meteorological fields obtained from an ensemble meteorological forecast model and different values of ash source parameters such as ash column height and vertical mass distribution. The Brier score is employed to verify the probabilistic forecasts relative to binary‐valued ash detection fields and fully quantitative satellite‐retrieved ash mass load fields. A new ensemble forecast calibration methodology, which treats the meteorological and source term variations on equal footing, is also developed. This enables the creation of an ensemble subset yielding higher Brier skill scores than the uncalibrated ensemble during a calibration time window of about 6 hr after the start of an eruption. It is shown that this can be used to improve probabilistic forecasts up to 24 hr after the start of the eruption using the Indonesian 13 February 2014 Kelut and 6 November 2015 Rinjani eruptions as case studies.
Researching mind wandering from a first‐person perspective
Authors: Weger Ulrich , Wagemann Johannes , Meyer Andreas 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMind wandering is an inherently inner (or first‐person) phenomenon that leaves few direct traces for third‐person enquiry. Nonetheless, psychologists often study mind wandering using third‐person (e.g., behavioral or neuronal) research methods. And although research–participants may well be asked to introspect on their mind wandering experiences (e.g., via experience‐sampling or think‐aloud techniques), such introspective self‐observations typically lack methodological rigor and are hence of only preliminary value. Here, we argue that it is a missed opportunity to not train researchers to introspect on their own mind‐wandering experiences to better understand the associated mental processes. We propose a novel approach to cultivating an educated form of introspection in the study of attentional focusing and mind wandering. Our research adds to the current theoretical understanding by explicating conditions that facilitate mind wandering (e.g., the shifting and broadening of concepts) and help find the way back to the primary task (e.g., commitment; deliberate shifts between focusing and defocusing).
Mixed Metal Difluorides as High Capacity Conversion‐Type Cathodes: Impact of Composition on Stability and Performance
Authors: Gordon Daniel , Huang Qiao , Magasinski Alexandre , Ramanujapuram Anirudh , Bensalah Nasr , Yushin Gleb 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWith the most recent development of ultrahigh capacity anodes, such as Li‐ or Si‐based anodes, metal fluorides hold promise as complementary high‐capacity conversion cathode materials for next‐generation energy storage devices. Despite their higher theoretical energy density compared to cells with sulfur cathodes, these materials have received dramatically less attention and little is understood about the origins of their electrochemical behavior. Here, the successful methodology to produce highly uniform size‐controlled mixed metal difluoride nanocomposites is reported. It is discovered that such materials undergo reduction in a single step with a reduction potential intermediate to those for the corresponding single‐metal difluorides and that a solid solution is reformed upon charging, which is advantageous for practical applications. For the first time the progressive formation of metal trifluorides upon repeated cycling of difluorides is reported. Systematic electrochemical measurements in combination with postmortem analyses lead to the conclusion that the cathode stability strongly depends on the ability to prevent formation and growth of a resistive cathode solid electrolyte interphase, which, in turn, strongly depends on the metal composition. This methodology and new findings will help to elucidate a path to developing metal fluoride–based commercial Li‐ion batteries and provide guidelines for material selection.
Consumer willingness to pay for non‐mandatory indication of the fish catch zone
Authors: Boncinelli Fabio , Gerini Francesca , Neri Benedetta , Casini Leonardo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe European mandatory labeling system for fishery products excludes the indication of the catch or production origin for fish‐based processed food. However, while producers can voluntarily indicate this information on labels, they incur extra production costs for following procedures for tracing and guaranteeing the origin of their ingredients. Our study investigates whether consumers can be attracted by a marketing strategy based on transparency and traceability. We applied a dichotomous choice contingent valuation method on a sample of 250 Italian consumers. Findings indicate that consumers are willing to pay an average premium price of 4.75% for knowing the catch zone of fish used as ingredients of fish‐based processed food (seafood salad or marinated anchovies in this study). The premium price is positively influenced by education and gender. [EconLit citations: D12; M31]
Emergence of Uranium as a Distinct Metal Center for Building Intrinsic X‐ray Scintillators
Authors: Wang Yaxing , Yin Xuemiao , Liu Wei , Xie Jian , Chen Junfeng , Silver Mark A. , Sheng Daopeng , Chen Lanhua , Diwu Juan , Liu Ning , Chai Zhifang , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E. , Wang Shuao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe combination of high atomic number and high oxidation state in UVI materials gives rise to both high X‐ray attenuation efficiency and intense green luminescence originating from ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer. These two features suggest that UVI materials might act as superior X‐ray scintillators, but this postulate has remained substantially untested. Now the first observation of intense X‐ray scintillation in a uranyl–organic framework (SCU‐9) that is observable by the naked eye is reported. Combining the advantage in minimizing the non‐radiative relaxation during the X‐ray excitation process over those of inorganic salts of uranium, SCU‐9 exhibits a very efficient X‐ray to green light luminescence conversion. The luminescence intensity shows an essentially linear correlation with the received X‐ray intensity, and is comparable with that of commercially available CsI:Tl. SCU‐9 possesses an improved X‐ray attenuation efficiency (E>20 keV) as well as enhanced radiation resistance and decreased hygroscopy compared to CsI:Tl.
Surface and bulk properties of waterborne polyurethane modified with fluorinated siloxane
Authors: Zheng Guikai , Lu Ming , Rui Xiaoping , Shao Bin 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTwo series of polyester and polyether waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) modified with poly[(3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)methylsiloxane] (PTFPMS) were synthesized by prepolymerization method and the effect of PTFPMS on surface and bulk properties were investigated by a variety of experimental methods. FTIR and DSC results showed that the polyester WPU has better compatibility between soft segments and hard segments than polyether WPU in bulk and the degree of phase separation increased in polyester WPU but decreased in polyether WPU with increasing PTFPMS. ARXPS analysis revealed the migration of PTFPMS to WPU surface and the migration ability of Si element was better than F element. AFM images demonstrated that the surface of WPU films became rougher as PTFPMS content increased. The enrichment of PTFPMS with low surface energy and roughened surface imparted good hydrophobicity and oleophobicity to WPU films and polyether WPU has better surface properties compared with polyester WPU. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46473.
Transgenic soybean plants expressing Spb18S dsRNA exhibit enhanced resistance to the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae)
Authors: Wang Zhanchun , Li Tianyu , Ni Hejia , Wang Guoyue , Liu Xinxin , Cao Yingxue , Li Wenbin , Meng Fanli 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe soybean pod borer [SPB; Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.) Obraztsov] is a major soybean pest in northeastern Asia. A useful method for addressing this problem is the generation of transgenic plants producing double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) that target essential insect genes. In this study, we confirmed that 18S ribosomal RNA is critical for SPB development. Downregulated Spb18S expression induced by dsRNA injection increased larval mortality rates and resulted in early pupation. We also assessed whether Spb18S is silenced in SPB larvae fed on transgenic soybean expressing Spb18S dsRNA. Transgenic plants downregulated Spb18S expression levels and second‐instar larval survival rates. Moreover, such plants were less damaged by SPB larvae than control plants under field conditions.
Comparison of chlorhexidine–isopropanol with isopropanol skin antisepsis for prevention of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery
Authors: Harnoss J C , Assadian O , Kramer A , Probst P , Müller-Lantzsch C , Scheerer L , Bruckner T , Diener M K , Büchler M W , Ulrich A B 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Background
Prevention of surgical-site infection (SSI) has received increasing attention. Clinical trials have focused on the role of skin antisepsis in preventing SSI. The benefit of combining antiseptic chlorhexidine with alcohol has not been compared with alcohol-based skin preparation alone in a prospective controlled clinical trial.

Methods
Between August and October 2014, patients undergoing abdominal surgery received preoperative skin antisepsis with 70 per cent isopropanol (PA). Those treated between November 2014 and January 2015 received 2 per cent chlorhexidine with 70 per cent isopropanol (CA). The primary endpoint was SSI on postoperative day (POD) 10, which was evaluated using univariable analysis, and a multivariable logistic regression model correcting for known independent risk factors for SSI. The study protocol was published in the German Registry of Clinical Studies (DRKS00011174).

Results
In total, 500 patients undergoing elective midline laparotomy were included (CA 221, PA 279). The incidence of superficial and deep SSIs was significantly different on POD 10: 14 of 212 (6·6 per cent) among those treated with CA and 32 of 260 (12·3 per cent) in those who received PA (P = 0·038). In the multivariable analysis, skin antisepsis with CA was an independent factor for reduced incidence of SSI on POD 10 (P = 0·034).

Conclusion
This study showed a benefit of adding chlorhexidine to alcohol for skin antisepsis in reducing early SSI compared with alcohol alone.
Outcome of open abdominal management following military trauma
Authors: Pengelly S , Berry J E A , Herrick S E , Bowley D M , Carlson G L 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundTemporary abdominal closure (TAC) is increasingly common after military and civilian major trauma. Primary fascial closure cannot be achieved after TAC in 30 per cent of civilian patients; subsequent abdominal wall reconstruction carries significant morbidity. This retrospective review aimed to determine this morbidity in a UK military cohort.MethodsA prospectively maintained database of all injured personnel from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts was searched from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2014 for all patients who had undergone laparotomy in a deployed military medical treatment facility. This database, the patients' hospital notes and their primary care records were searched.ResultsLaparotomy was performed in a total of 155 patients who survived to be repatriated to the UK; records were available for 150 of these patients. Seventy-seven patients (51·3 per cent) had fascial closure at first laparotomy, and 73 (48·7 per cent) had a period of TAC. Of the 73 who had TAC, two died before closure and two had significant abdominal wall loss from blast injury and were excluded from analysis. Of the 69 remaining patients, 65 (94 per cent) were able to undergo delayed primary fascial closure. The median duration of follow-up from injury was 1257 (range 1–4677) days for the whole cohort. Nine (12 per cent) of the 73 patients who underwent TAC subsequently developed an incisional hernia, compared with ten (13 per cent) of the 77 patients whose abdomen was closed at the primary laparotomy (P = 1·000).ConclusionRates of delayed primary closure of abdominal fascia after temporary abdominal closure appear high. Subsequent rates of incisional hernia formation were similar in patients undergoing delayed primary closure and those who had closure at the primary laparotomy.
Carbon risk, cost of debt financing and the moderation effect of media attention: Evidence from Chinese companies operating in high‐carbon industries
Authors: Zhou Zhifang , Zhang Tao , Wen Kang , Zeng Huixiang , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effect of carbon risk on the debt capital market has become increasingly prominent under carbon constraints. We use a panel regression model to examine the relationship between carbon risk and the cost of debt financing and the moderating effect of positive media attention on this relationship. Using a sample of 191 Chinese A‐share listed firms operating in high‐carbon industries covering the period 2011–15, we conduct an empirical study and find that the relationship between carbon risk and the cost of debt financing in China is a U‐shaped one. Thus, carbon risk exerts an “interval effect" on the cost of debt financing, which mainly exists in private firms rather than state‐owned firms. This relationship can be mitigated by positive media attention. Compared with private firms that receive low positive media attention, private firms with high positive media attention are more sensitive and less tolerant to environmental regulations. Our findings provide firms with practical advice on carbon risk management, particularly on improving carbon transparency and mitigating the cost of debt financing.
Motivation Through Practical Relevance – Didactic Benefits of Process Simulators
Authors: Schöneberger Jan C. , Fricke Armin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA novel approach to the application of flowsheet simulators in higher education is presented. In the Process Simulation Cup (PSC), a process flowsheet with one valid solution for a specific practice‐oriented problem is given. Within the framework of this contest, students can submit better solutions for the described problem. In this review, the two already completed PSC2015 and PSC2016 as well as the current PSC2017 are presented. Student participation, educational benefits, and further scientific utilization of the results are evaluated.
False lumen intervention to promote remodelling and thrombosis—The FLIRT concept in aortic dissection
Authors: Yuan Xun , Mitsis Andreas , Semple Thomas , Castro Verdes Mireya , Cambronero‐Cortinas Esther , Tang Yida , Nienaber Christoph A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveThoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has changed the management of aortic dissection by induced remodelling. Beyond reconstructing the true lumen, we describe the concept of False Lumen Intervention to promote Remodelling and Thrombosis (FLIRT) in both type A and B aortic dissection.MethodsBetween 2011 and 2017, 10 patients with aortic dissection (5 type A; 5 type B) underwent FLIRT using a combination of patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect (ASD) occluders, coils and glue. Patients were followed by computed tomography (CT) angiogram prior to, and 6 months following, discharge to evaluate false lumen (FL) thrombosis and aortic remodelling. Outcomes analyzed comprised successful device delivery, completeness of FL thrombosis and aortic remodelling, procedure related complications and mortality.ResultsFLIRT induced aortic remodelling in all cases of proximal dissection, with aortic shrinkage from 63.8 ± 7.5 pre‐FLIRT, to 50.2 ± 6.6 mm (P = 0.057) and an increase in true lumen area from 5.8 ± 3.6 to 11.4 ± 2.5 cm2 (P = 0.006). In distal dissection (after previous TEVAR with residual FL flow), FLIRT successfully induced FL thrombosis in 4 of 5 cases at first attempt (1 case required additional coiling of the gutter between left subclavian artery and stent‐graft for complete thrombosis). While maximal aortic diameter remained unchanged (55.6 ± 9.1 pre‐FLIRT and 54.4 ± 13.7 mm at follow‐up), true lumen area increased from 7.8 ± 2.3 pre‐procedure, to 10.6 ± 1.5 cm2 at follow‐up (P = 0.016), consistent with remodelling.ConclusionInterventional FL management, using the FLIRT concept, is feasible in selected cases of aortic dissection, promotes FL thrombosis and induces successful remodelling.
Synthesis of Avibactam Derivatives and Activity on β‐Lactamases and Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis Enzymes of Mycobacteria
Authors: Edoo Zainab , Iannazzo Laura , Compain Fabrice , Li de la Sierra Gallay Inès , van Tilbeurgh Herman , Fonvielle Matthieu , Bouchet Flavie , Le Run Eva , Mainardi Jean‐Luc , Arthur Michel , Ethève‐Quelquejeu Mélanie , Hugonnet Jean‐Emmanuel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is a renewed interest for β‐lactams for treating infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. abscessus because their β‐lactamases are inhibited by classical (clavulanate) or new generation (avibactam) inhibitors, respectively. Here, access to an azido derivative of the diazabicyclooctane (DBO) scaffold of avibactam for functionalization by the Huisgen–Sharpless cycloaddition reaction is reported. The amoxicillin–DBO combinations were active, indicating that the triazole ring is compatible with drug penetration (minimal inhibitory concentration of 16 μg mL−1 for both species). Mechanistically, β‐lactamase inhibition was not sufficient to account for the potentiation of amoxicillin by DBOs. Thus, the latter compounds were investigated as inhibitors of l,d‐transpeptidases (Ldts), which are the main peptidoglycan polymerases in mycobacteria. The DBOs acted as slow‐binding inhibitors of Ldts by S‐carbamoylation indicating that optimization of DBOs for Ldt inhibition is an attractive strategy to obtain drugs selectively active on mycobacteria.