bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinâmica da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica da Usina Hidrelétrica de Ferreira Gomes –Amapá \ Landscape dynamics in the watersheds of the Ferreira Gomes Hydroelectric Plant – Amapá, Brazil
Authors: Belem Fabiano Luis , Cabral Joao Batista Pereira 
Published: March 2019

A utilização do meio ambiente depende dos múltiplos recursos requeridos pelos estudos ambientais, uma vez que as atividades econômicas norteiam o crescimento de determinada região, alterando a paisagem natural e podendo causar impactos ambientais. Na região amazônica esse problema é potencializado pela grande quantidade de biomassa que é inundada durante a construção dos reservatórios, fazendo com que grandes florestas nativas sejam alagadas. É necessário, portanto, o estudo da paisagem para caracterizar quais áreas foram alagadas. A inundação das feições geográficas como florestas ombrófilas e cerrados no ambiente aquático pode causar sérios problemas na qualidade da água. Por causa dos processos de decomposição dos vegetais e de outros organismos, são liberados no ambiente aquáticos dos reservatórios o gás sulfídrico e grande quantidade de carbono e fósforo, que podem alterar a qualidade da água. Este estudo de paisagem no Amapá, torna-se importante, principalmente, depois das mortes de peixe à jusante do reservatório da UHE Ferreira Gomes. Conclui-se que, a mudança de paisagem que ocorreu ao longo de 30 anos na bacia hidrográfica do reservatório da UHE Ferreira Gomes, manifesta que grande parte das áreas que foram alagadas são de floresta ombrófila e cerrado. Palavras–chave: Reservatório, bacia hidrográfica, paisagem, sensoriamento remoto, Landsat-5, Landsat-8Abstract The use of the environment depends on the multiple resources required by environmental studies, since economic activities guide the growth of a region, altering the natural landscape and causing environmental impacts. In the Amazon region, this problem is enhanced by a large amount of biomass that is flooded during the construction of the reservoirs, causing large native forests to be flooded. It is, therefore, necessary to study the landscape to characterize which areas were flooded. The flood of geographical features as rainforests and cerrado forests in the aquatic environment can cause serious problems in water quality. Because of the decomposition processes of plants and other organisms, hydrogen sulfide and large amounts of carbon and phosphorus are released into the aquatic environment of the reservoirs, which can alter the quality of the water. This landscape study in Amapá becomes important, especially after the fish deaths downstream of the Ferreira Gomes reservoir. It is concluded that the change of landscape that occurred over 30 years in the hydrographic basin of the reservoir of the Ferreira Gomes, shows that most of the areas that were flooded are of ombrophilous and cerrado forest.Keywords: Reservoir, watershed, landscape, remote sensing, Landsat-5, Landsat-8
Enrichment and Biopelletization of Phosphate Solubilizing Diazotrophic Bacterial Isolates Using Earthworm as a Tool
Authors: Chandana M. , Venkataramana G. V. 
Published: March 2019

Aims: The beneficial role of earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae in enhancing the populations of two phosphate solubilizing diazotrophic isolates viz., Bacillus sp. (DT) and Azotobacter chroococcum (DT), isolated from the rhizosphere of finger millet [Eleusine coracana (L) Gaertn] was studied.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were conducted at the campus of M/s. Chaitra Biofertilizers and Chemicals (P) Ltd, Mysore, between January – June 2018.
Methodology: To the glass jars containing three week old partially decomposed green leafy material and cow dung, 0.5 gram of lignite based phosphate solubilizing diazotrophic isolates were added. To this eight medium sized earthworms were allowed and moisture is maintained at 50-60%. The population of isolates in the gut of earthworm and vermicasts were estimated on 2nd, 20th, 40th and 60th day by dilution plate method using Pikovskaya’s and Jensen’s agar medium
Results: The population of Bacillus sp. (DT) and A. chroococcum (DT) increased by 22.14, 42.14 and 97.62 percent in the fore gut, mid gut and hind gut regions respectively while A. chroococcum (DT) by 24.05, 41.19 and 110.95 percent as compared to their initial population in the feeding material. Both the isolates increased enormously in the vermicasts up to 40th day and thereafter declined as recorded in 60 days old vermicasts. Bacillus sp. (DT) increased by 196.91 and 247.16 percent in 20 and 40 day old vermicasts and decreased by 54.72 percent on 60th day while A. chroococcum (DT) recorded an increase of 217.34 and 270.77 percent and thereafter declined by 41.18 percent in 60 days old casts.
Conclusion: The earthworm can be used as a tool for secondary level multiplication and biopelletization of the isolates to produce enriched vermicompost for use in finger millet cultivation. It also indicated that the vermicasts should be applied soon after it is harvested.
Ionic Liquid-modified NiTi Composite Nanosheets Coating for Efficient Solid Phase Microextraction of Octadecylamine in Brine
Authors: Wang Huiju 
Published: March 2019

Ionic liquid (IL), 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium-3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate (C12mimHNC) was synthesized and coated on the surface of NiTi as solid phase microextractiom fiber coating for determination the octadecylamine in brine. Prior to modification with IL, the NiTi was hydrothermally treated for in-situ growth of titanium and nickel oxide composite nanosheets (TiO2/NiOCNSs). The TiO2/NiOCNSs fibers coating was oriented around the NiTi substrate and presented double-faced open access sites, which provided a desired support framework for the further modification with IL. The extraction performance of C12mimHNC-TiO2/NiOCNSs fiber coating was evaluated for detection of octadecylamine (ODA) coupled to HPLC with UV detection. As a result, the C12mimHNC-TiO2/NiOCNSs fiber coating illustrated excellent adsorption and extraction capability for ODA. The main factors affected extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was obtained in the range of 1-150 µg/L with correlation coefficients (r2) above 0.985. Limits of detection (LODs) for the developed method was 0.280 µg/L. The proposed method was first applied to extract the ODA in brine samples. Relative recoveries varied from 78.3% to 96.5% at spiking level of 15µg/L and 30 µg/L with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 8.7%.
Development and Evaluation of Amaranth-Soy-Wheat Composite Flours
Authors: Joshi Kanchan , Kushwaha Archana , Kulshrestha Kalpana 
Published: March 2019

Aims: Malnutrition among all ages is still a persistent problem in India, especially in areas where the poor largely depend on rice and wheat staples with limited access to diverse diets using underutilized foods. This study was conducted to nutritionally enhance traditional food products like roti and lapsi utilizing suitable composite flours based on amaranth, soybean and wheat without affecting their sensory quality.
Study Design: Different combinations of amaranth, soybean and wheat flours were made to suit the quality characteristics of roti and lapsi.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Foods and Nutrition, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar (India), between January and June 2016.
Methodology: The sensory evaluation of food products and estimation of nutritional composition of composite flours was done using standard procedures.
Results: The composite flours having 25% amaranth, 15% soybean and 60% wheat flour and 25% amaranth, 10% soybean and 65% wheat flour were found to be most acceptable sensorially and were significantly superior to their control counterparts for protein, ash, fibre, carbohydrate calcium and iron content (p=.05).
Conclusion: Roti made from amaranth and soybean incorporated composite flours with better protein quality and low available carbohydrates and physiological energy almost same as control would be better diet alternative to diabetic and overweight patients whereas lapsi may be effectively used as supplementary food. Many other traditional food products like laddoo, halwa, puri, parantha, burfi etc. may also be made from such composite flours.
Simulation analysis for tumor radiotherapy based on three‐component mathematical models
Authors: Hong Wen‐song , Zhang Gang‐qing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo setup a three‐component tumor growth mathematical model and discuss its basic application in tumor fractional radiotherapy with computer simulation.MethodFirst, our three‐component tumor growth model extended from the classical Gompertz tumor model was formulated and applied to a fractional radiotherapy with a series of proper parameters. With the computer simulation of our model, the impact of some parameters such as fractional dose, amount of quiescent tumor cells, and α/β value to the effect of radiotherapy was also analyzed, respectively.ResultsWith several optimal technologies, the model could run stably and output a series of convergent results. The simulation results showed that the fractional radiotherapy dose could impact the effect of radiotherapy significantly, while the amount of quiescent tumor cells and α/β value did that to a certain extent.ConclusionsSupported with some proper parameters, our model can simulate and analyze the tumor radiotherapy program as well as give some theoretical instruction to radiotherapy personalized optimization.
Evaluation of mixed energy partial arcs for volumetric modulated arc therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Momin Shadab , Gräfe James L. , Khan Rao F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this work was to investigate the dosimetric impact of mixed energy (6‐MV, 15‐MV) partial arcs (MEPAs) technique on prostate cancer VMAT plans.MethodsThis work involved prostate only patients, planned with 79.2 Gy in 44 fractions to the planning target volume (PTV). Femoral heads, bladder, and rectum were considered organs at risk. This study was performed in two parts. For each of the 25 patients in Part 1, two single‐energy single‐arc plans, a 6 MV‐SA plan and a 15 MV‐SA plan, and a third MEPA plan involving composite of 6‐MV anterior–posterior partial arcs and a 15‐MV lateral partial arc weighted 1:2 were created. The dosimetric difference between MEPA(6/15 MV 1:2 weighted) and 6 MV‐SA plans, and MEPA(6/15 MV 1:2 weighted) and 15 MV‐SA plans were measured. In the Part 2 of this study, a second MEPAs plan (6 MV anterior–posterior arcs and 15 MV lateral arcs weighted 1:1), (MEPA 6/15 MV 1:1 weighted), was generated for 15 patients and compared only with two single‐energy partial arcs plans, a 6 and a 15 MV‐PA, to investigate the influence of the energy only. Dosimetric parameters of each structure, total monitor‐units (MUs), homogeneity index (HI), and conformity number (CN) were analyzed.ResultsIn Part 1, no statistically significant differences were observed for mean dose to PTV and CN for MEPAs (6/15 MV 1:2 weighted) vs 6 and 15 MV‐SA. MEPAs (6/15 MV 1:2 weighted) increased HI compared to 6 and 15 MV‐SA (P < 0.0005; P < 0.0005). MEPAs (6/15 MV 1:2 weighted) produced significantly lower mean doses to rectum, bladder, and MUs/fraction, but higher mean doses to femoral heads, compared to 6 MV‐SA (P < 0.0005) and 15 MV‐SA (P < 0.0005). The results of Part 2 of this study showed that, in comparison to 6 and 15 MV‐PA, MEPAs (6/15 MV 1:1 weighted) plans significantly improved CNs (P < 0.0005; P < 0.0005) and produced significantly lower mean doses to the rectum and bladder (P < 0.0005; P < 0.0005). While mean doses to the PTV and femoral heads of MEPAs (6/15 MV 1:1 weighted) plans were statistically comparable to 6 MV‐PA (P > 0.05), MEPAs (6/15 MV 1:1 weighted) increased mean doses to left (P = 0.04) and right (P = 0.04) femoral heads compared to 15 MV‐PA. MEPAs (6/15 MV 1:1 weighted) resulted in significantly lower total MUs compared to 6 MV‐PA (P < 0.0005) and 15 MV‐PA (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe study for prostate radiotherapy demonstrated that a choice of MEPAs for VMAT has the potential to minimize doses to OARs and improve dose conformity to PTV, at the expense of a moderate increase in mean dose to the femoral heads.
Nanosized Copper Selenide Functionalized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐8 (CuSe/ZIF‐8) for Efficient Immobilization of Gas‐Phase Elemental Mercury
Authors: Yang Zequn , Li Hailong , Yang Jianping , Feng Shihao , Liu Xi , Zhao Jiexia , Qu Wenqi , Li Pu , Feng Yong , Lee Po‐Heng , Shih Kaimin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA key challenge in elemental mercury (Hg0) decontamination from flue gas lies in the design of a sorbent with abundant reactive adsorption sites that exhibit high affinity toward Hg0 to simultaneously achieve rapid capture and large capacity. Herein, zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) supported copper selenide (CuSe) nanocomposites are synthesized by a newly designed two‐step surfactant‐assisted method. The as‐prepared CuSe/ZIF‐8 with CuSe to ZIF‐8 mass ratio of 80% (0.8NC‐ZIF) exhibits unparalleled performance toward Hg0 adsorption with equilibrium capacity and average rate reaching 309.8 mg g−1 and 105.3 µg g−1 min−1, respectively, surpassing all reported metal sulfides and traditional activated‐carbon‐based sorbents. The impressive performance of 0.8NC‐ZIF for Hg0 immobilization is primarily attributed to the adequate exposure of the Se‐terminated sites with high affinity toward Hg0 resulted from the layered structure of CuSe. The adsorbed mercury selenide exhibits even higher stability than the most stable natural mercury ore—that is, mercury sulfide—hence minimizing its environmental impact when the CuSe/ZIF‐8 sorbent is dumped. This work provides a new mindset for future design of sorbents for efficient Hg0 capture from industrial flue gas. The results also justify the candidature of CuSe/ZIF to be applicable for mercury pollution remediation in real‐world conditions.
Hollow Loofah‐Like N, O‐Co‐Doped Carbon Tube for Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Dong Yuanyuan , Zhou Mengwei , Tu Wenzhe , Zhu Enbo , Chen Ye , Zhao Yizhou , Liao Shijun , Huang Yu , Chen Qi , Li Yujing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDesigning a highly active doped‐carbon‐based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalyst with optimal stability is a must if large‐scale implementations of fuel cells are to be realized. Developing controllable doping strategies is essential for achieving highly active catalysts. Herein, a facile doping strategy is developed by designing a precursor material with unique core–shell nanostructure, whereby the Materials Institute Lavoisier (MIL) metal–organic framework (MOF) and polyaniline are core and shell components, and serving as oxygen and nitrogen precursors, respectively. A novel hollow loofah‐like carbon tube (HLCT) catalyst is derived from precursor material with controllable heteroatom‐doping concentrations through modulating the mass ratio of MOF/aniline. The optimal HLCT‐1/2 catalyst, with a MOF/aniline mass ratio of 1/2, exhibits excellent ORR activity and stability in an alkaline medium. Remarkably, the half‐wave potential (0.88 V) and the current density (4.35 mA cm−2) at 0.85 V of HLCT‐1/2 catalyst surpass that of commercial Pt/C. Such superior catalytic properties can be attributed to the high specific surface area and abundant active sites of loofah‐shape carbon tubes. Moreover, the O dopant modulates the content and distribution of N species, leading to the enhanced adsorption strength of oxygen molecules on catalyst surface, promoting the activation of oxygen, and thus achieving higher electrocatalytic activity.
A Facet‐Specific Quantum Dot Passivation Strategy for Colloid Management and Efficient Infrared Photovoltaics
Authors: Kim Younghoon , Che Fanglin , Jo Jea Woong , Choi Jongmin , García de Arquer F. Pelayo , Voznyy Oleksandr , Sun Bin , Kim Junghwan , Choi Min‐Jae , Quintero‐Bermudez Rafael , Fan Fengjia , Tan Chih Shan , Bladt Eva , Walters Grant , Proppe Andrew H. , Zou Chengqin , Yuan Haifeng , Bals Sara , Hofkens Johan , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Hoogland Sjoerd , Sargent Edward H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractColloidal nanocrystals combine size‐ and facet‐dependent properties with solution processing. They offer thus a compelling suite of materials for technological applications. Their size‐ and facet‐tunable features are studied in synthesis; however, to exploit their features in optoelectronic devices, it will be essential to translate control over size and facets from the colloid all the way to the film. Larger‐diameter colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) offer the attractive possibility of harvesting infrared (IR) solar energy beyond absorption of silicon photovoltaics. These CQDs exhibit facets (nonpolar (100)) undisplayed in small‐diameter CQDs; and the materials chemistry of smaller nanocrystals fails consequently to translate to materials for the short‐wavelength IR regime. A new colloidal management strategy targeting the passivation of both (100) and (111) facets is demonstrated using distinct choices of cations and anions. The approach leads to narrow‐bandgap CQDs with impressive colloidal stability and photoluminescence quantum yield. Photophysical studies confirm a reduction both in Stokes shift (≈47 meV) and Urbach tail (≈29 meV). This approach provides a ≈50% increase in the power conversion efficiency of IR photovoltaics compared to controls, and a ≈70% external quantum efficiency at their excitonic peak.
Tuning Pore Heterogeneity in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Enzyme Accessibility and Resistance against Denaturants
Authors: Sun Qi , Aguila Briana , Lan Pui Ching , Ma Shengqian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAchieving high‐performance biocomposites requires knowledge of the compatability between the immobilized enzyme and its host material. The modular nature of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a host, allows their pore geometries and chemical functionalities to be fine‐tuned independently, permitting comparative studies between the individual parameters and the performances of the resultant biocomposites. This research demonstrates that dual pores in COFs have profound consequences on the catalytic activity and denaturation of infiltrated enzymes. This approach enforces a constant pore environment by rational building‐block design, which enables it to be unequivocally determined that pore heterogeneity is responsible for rate enhancements of up to threefold per enzyme molecule. More so, the enzyme is more tolerant to detrimental by‐products when occupying the larger pore in a dual‐pore COF compared to a corresponding uniform porous COF. Kinetic studies highlight that pore heterogeneity facilitates mass transfer of both reagents and products. This unparalleled versatility of these materials allows many different aspects to be designed on demand, lending credence to their prospect as next‐generation host materials for various enzyme biocomposites catalysts.
NaNO2/K2S2O8‐mediated Selective Radical Nitration/Nitrosation of Indoles: Efficient Approach to 3‐Nitro‐ and 3‐Nitrosoindoles
Authors: Shoberu Adedamola , Li Cheng‐Kun , Tao Ze‐Kun , Zhang Guo‐Yu , Zou Jian‐Ping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA mild and selective radical nitration/nitrosation of indoles with NaNO2 using K2S2O8 as oxidant is developed. Free (NH)‐indoles and N‐methyl indoles furnished 3‐nitro‐ and 3‐nitrosoindoles respectively, in good yields. Contrary to existing protocols, pyrrole selectively afforded 3‐nitropyrrole. Mechanistic studies showed that the reaction proceeded via an initial formation of nitroso/oxime intermediate, which is further oxidized to the corresponding 3‐nitroindole depending on the substitution on the indole N‐atom. Furthermore, synthetic transformations were carried out on the synthesized products towards accessing other valuable compounds.magnified image
Uniform Lithium Deposition Assisted by Single‐Atom Doping toward High‐Performance Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhai Pengbo , Wang Tianshuai , Yang Weiwei , Cui Shiqiang , Zhang Peng , Nie Anmin , Zhang Qianfan , Gong Yongji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor a long time lithium (Li) metal has been considered one of the most promising anodes for next‐generation rechargeable batteries. Despite decades of concentrated research, its practical application is still hindered by dendritic Li deposition and infinite volume change of Li metal anodes. Here, atomically dispersed metals doped graphene is synthesized to regulate Li metal nucleation and guide Li metal deposition. The single‐atom (SA) metals, supported on the nitrogen‐doped graphene can not only increase the Li adsorption energy of the localized area around the metal atomic sites with a moderate adsorption energy gradient but also improve the atomic structural stability of the overall materials by constructing a coordination mode of M‐Nx‐C (M, N, and C denoted as metal, nitrogen, and carbon atoms, respectively). As a result, the as‐obtained electrode exhibits an ultralow voltage hysteresis of 19 mV, a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98.45% over 250 cycles, and a stable Li plating/stripping performance even at a high current density of 4.0 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates the application of SA metal doping in the rational design of Li metal anodes and provides a new concept for further development of Li metal batteries.
Edge‐Exposed Molybdenum Disulfide with N‐Doped Carbon Hybridization: A Hierarchical Hollow Electrocatalyst for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Li Haoyi , Liu Xiaozhi , Chen Shuangming , Yang Deren , Zhang Qi , Song Li , Xiao Hai , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Wang Xun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR) is a promising technology to produce value‐added fuels and weaken the greenhouse effect. Plenty of efforts are devoted to exploring high‐efficiency electrocatalysts to tackle the issues that show poor intrinsic activity, low selectivity for target products, and short‐lived durability. Herein, density functional theory calculations are firstly utilized to demonstrate guidelines for design principles of electrocatalyst, maximum exposure of catalytic active sites for MoS2 edges, and electron transfer from N‐doped carbon (NC) to MoS2 edges. Based on the guidelines, a hierarchical hollow electrocatalyst comprised of edge‐exposed 2H MoS2 hybridized with NC for CO2RR is constructed. In situ atomic‐scale observation for catalyst growth is performed by using a specialized Si/SiNx nanochip at a continuous temperature‐rise period, which reveals the growth mechanism. Abundant exposed edges of MoS2 provide a large quantity of active centers, which leads to a low onset potential of ≈40 mV and a remarkable CO production rate of 34.31 mA cm−2 with 92.68% of Faradaic efficiency at an overpotential of 590 mV. The long‐term stability shows negligible degradation for more than 24 h. This work provides fascinating insights into the construction of catalysts for efficient CO2RR.