bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of pressure mapping for quantitative analysis of pressure points induced by external coaptation of the distal portion of the pelvic limb of dogs
Authors: Iodence Ashley E. , Olsen Anastasia M. , McGilvray Kirk C. , Duncan Colleen G. , Duerr Felix M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively measure the amount of pressure induced at the calcaneus and cranial tibial surface of dogs by use of 2 cast configurations.
ANIMALS 13 client- or student-owned dogs.
PROCEDURES Pressure sensors were placed over the calcaneus and cranial tibial surface. Dogs then were fitted with a fiberglass cast on a pelvic limb extending from the digits to the stifle joint (tall cast). Pressure induced over the calcaneus and proximal edge of the cast at the level of the cranial tibial surface was simultaneously recorded during ambulation. Subsequently, the cast was shortened to end immediately proximal to the calcaneus (short cast), and data acquisition was repeated. Pressure at the level of the calcaneus and cranial tibial surface for both cast configurations was compared by use of paired t tests.
RESULTS The short cast created significantly greater peak pressure at the level of the calcaneus (mean ± SD, 0.2 ± 0.07 MPa), compared with peak pressure created by the tall cast (0.1 ± 0.06 MPa). Mean pressure at the proximal cranial edge of the cast was significantly greater for the short cast (0.2 ± 0.06 MPa) than for the tall cast (0.04 ± 0.03 MPa).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE A cast extended to the level of the proximal portion of the tibia caused less pressure at the level of the calcaneus and the proximal cranial edge of the cast. Reducing the amount of pressure at these locations may minimize the potential for pressure sores and other soft tissue injuries.
Helong Language in West Kupang District, Kupang Regency East Nusa Tenggara is Shifting Towards Death
Authors: Sudaryano Gregorius , Budiarsa Made , Suastra I Made , Ola Simon Sabon 
Published: February 2018

Research on language shift related to social factor is included in sociolinguistic research. This study is to examine the phenomenon of Helong language (HL) shift in the District of West Kupang, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. HL shift is a product of language contact and language competition which is characterized by the use of HL by its speakers that is getting lower and switch to another more prestigious one. Therefore, the phenomenon of HL shift was analyzed based on the choice of HL language use in a domain that implies HL maintenance by its speakers among generations.

In order to get the expected data, this study involved 100 respondents consisting groups of 40 parents, 29 adults, and 31 children. The data obtained through data collection techniques were analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative methods. It was conducted based on the attitude of language in the dimensions of language loyalty, language pride, and awareness of language norms in the domains of family, education, customs, neighborhood, government, and religion referring to the level of HL maintenance.

The results showed that the phenomenon of HL shift in the District of West Kupang, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province reflected reducing number of intergenerational Helong native speakers in using their own language. The presence of Indonesian language (IL) intervening the use of language in the domains of education, government, and religion influencing the use of languages in the domains of family and neighborhood. Thus, HL is shifting towards death in the next generations.
Authors: Purba Ida Ayu Candrasatyani , Suaryana I Gusti Ngurah Agung 
Published: February 2018

Penyajian laporan keuangan berkualitas dapat menyebabkan kegiatan investasi menjadi optimal terlebih lagi didukung oleh rendahnya asimetri informasi antara manajemen perusahaan dan pemegang saham.Tujuan riset adalah membuktikan secara empiris dan menjelaskan dampak laporan keuangan yang berkualitas pada asimetri informasi dan dampaknya pada efisiensi investasi.Objek penelitian yang digunakan adalah perusahaan tambang yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2013-2015. Penentuan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, dan diperoleh 69 sampel. Alat analisis menggunakan analisis jalur. Hasil diperoleh bahwa pengaruh kualitas laporan keuangan terhadap asimetri informasi bernilai negatif dan berpengaruh positif pada efisiensi investasi, asimetri informasi berpengaruh negatif pada efisiensi investasi, serta hanya sebagian asimetri informasi berperan memengaruhi kualitas laporan keuangan pada efisiensi investasi.

Kata kunci:kualitas laporan keuangan, asimetri informasi, efisiensi investasi
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Melalui Parenting Senam Masal Ibu dan Anak Pada Anak Usia Dini TK Dharma Wanita Bangsal Kecamatan Pesantren Kota Kediri Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018
Authors: Subroto S Edy 
Published: February 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil pengamatan dan pengalaman peneliti, bahwa Berdasarkan pengamatan yang terjadi, rendahnya kemampuan motorik kasar anak tersebut dikarenakan belum maksimalnya pihak sekolah melaksanakan program pembelajaran yang melibatkan komponen wali murid. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah Apakah dengan program parenting senam masal ibu dan anak dapat meningkatkan motorik kasar pada anak usia dini TK Dharma Wanita Bangsal Kecamatan Pesantren Kota Kediri Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini juga termasuk penelitian diskriptif karena menggambarkan bagaimana suatu pembelajaran diterapkan dan bagaimana hasil yang ingin dicapai. Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah dengan subyek penelitian ibu dan anak diTKDharma Wanita Bangsal Kecamatan Pesantren Kota Kediri ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus. Dari hasil pelaksanaan siklus II yang sebesar 85,71% menunjukkan peningkatan motorik kasar anak usia dini sudah mencapai ketuntasan yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tindakan sekolah yang dilakukan di TK Dharma Wanita Bangsal Kecamatan Pesantren Kota Kediri dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui kegiatan parenting senam masal ibu dan anak dapat meningkatkan motorik kasar anak usia dini di TK Dharma Wanita Bangsal Kecamatan Pesantren Kota Kediri tahun pelajaran 2017/2018.
Distribution and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Aeromonas spp. from different aquatic environments in north Lebanon
Authors: Rafei Rayane , Al Kassaa Imad , Osman Marwan , Dabboussi Fouad , Hamze Monzer 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Bacteria of Aeromonas genus are ubiquitous organisms in aquatic environments. This work aims to explore the presence of four clinically relevant species in Lebanese waters and to study their susceptibility to antibiotics.
Methods: One hundred water samples are collected in northern Lebanon from different sources (river, springs, wells, ponds, sea, chlorinated water and sewage) and analyzed by culture methods. The isolates were identified at genus level by a PCR assay targeting gcat gene. The presence of four species (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. media and A. veronii) was investigated by a multiplex PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility was also studied.
Results: Aeromonas spp. was detected in 28% of investigated samples. In total, 38 isolates were identified as Aeromonas spp (10 out of 7 river water samples, 9 out of 35 spring, 9 among 26 wells, 5 out of 4 sewage samples, 2 out of 5 ponds, 2 out of 8 seawater samples and 1 out of 15 chlorinated water samples). Aeromonas hydrophila was the predominant species (19 isolates; 50%). The 3 other species were found to a lesser extent: A. caviae (3 isolates; 7.9%), A. veronii (2 isolates; 5.3%) and A. media (2 isolates; 5.3%). 12 other isolates (31.5%) remained unidentified by the used multiplex PCR technique. All isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. The most common resistance concerned beta-lactams.
Conclusion: This study has highlighted the interesting distribution of these species in aquatic biotopes in Lebanon and the threat of potential transmission of these resistant strains to humans.
Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) mediate enhancement of IL-17A production triggered by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in mice
Authors: Shehab Marwa , Jammaz Rana , Salloum Noor , Rahal Elias A. 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: EBV has long-been associated with autoimmune disorders. We have previously demonstrated that EBV DNA increases the production of IL-17A in mice. This property may play a role in the association of EBV with autoimmune diseases. The objective of this study was to elucidate mechanisms through which EBV DNA modulates IL-17A levels in mice.
Methodology: To study the potential role of endosomal receptors in detecting EBV DNA, chloroquine, an endosomal maturation inhibitor, was used to treat mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence or absence of EBV DNA. IL-17A levels were then assessed by ELISA. Subsequently, to determine whether TLR3, 7 or 9 played a role in this pathway, specific inhibitors were used for these TLRs both in mouse PBMCs and in vivo in BALB/c mice treated with the viral DNA; IL-17A levels were then similarly assessed.
Results: IL-17A production was enhanced from mouse PBMCs cultured with EBV DNA; pre-incubation of PBMCs with chloroquine significantly reduced its production. When cells were cultured with EBV DNA and a TLR3, 7 or 9 inhibitor, a significant decrease in IL-17A levels was detected. A similar decrease in the EBV DNA-triggered IL-17A production in mice was observed when animals were treated with the TLR inhibitors.
Conclusion: Endosomal TLRs appear to be involved in recognizing EBV DNA and subsequently triggering IL-17A production in mice. Targeting these receptors in EBV positive subjects with autoimmunity may be useful pending investigations assessing whether they play a similar role in humans.
Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among intravenous drug abusers in the Lebanese population
Authors: Nakhoul Mary , Richa Carine , Jreij Afif , Abou Rached Antoine 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Injection drug users (IVDU) are prone to many blood born viral infections. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) constitute an important public health concern in this high-risk group. The aim of the study is to calculate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C viruses among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Lebanon.
Methodology: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study between June 2015 and June 2016 on PWIDs recruited through the Lebanese non-governmental organizations in collaboration with the Lebanese ministry of public health. The participants were tested for HBs Antigen and HCV antibody using rapid test kits. The prevalence of each virus was then calculated. The correlation between both infections and other possible risk factors was also analyzed.
Results: A total of 250 people were included in our study. 98% were males. Mean age was 31.9-year-old. The prevalence of HBV and HCV among PWID was 1.2% and 15.6%, respectively. Older age, longer duration of drug use, and the lack of awareness were found to be significantly correlated with higher rate of HCV infection. We noted a relatively high rate of sharing needles among PWIDs without significantly affecting the prevalence of both viruses.
Conclusion: IVDU remains a major public health concern in Lebanon, being one of the most prevalent subpopulations for chronic viral hepatitis namely the HCV. Appropriate screening strategies, targeted educational programs and adequate HBV vaccination are of extreme importance for further viral prevention among this high-risk group.
Elusively overwintering: a review of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) cold tolerance and overwintering strategy
Authors: Dancau Tina , Mason Peter G. , Cappuccino Naomi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is no consensus on the overwintering strategy used by the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). As a result, the topic of diamondback moth overwintering in temperate climates remains controversial. However, there has been general agreement that the diamondback moth does not overwinter in diapause. This review compiles data on low temperature survival to determine cold tolerance mechanisms and the cold tolerance strategy of the diamondback moth. According to cold tolerance data and observations from key overwintering studies in eastern North America, the diamondback moth likely overwinters in a quiescent state in no specific overwintering stage and is chill susceptible. Observations from key overwintering studies suggest a northern overwintering limit for diamondback moth of ~43°N in eastern North America. Climate change may alter winter conditions in temperate climates, making temperate regions susceptible to potential diamondback moth overwintering and recurring outbreaks.
Granulated blast furnace slag – A boon for foundry industry
Authors: Murthy I. Narasimha , Babu N. Arun , Rao J. Babu 
Published: February 2018

In the present investigation efforts have been put together to employ Granulated Blast furnace (GBF) slag as mould material for replacement of existing silica sand either full or partial in foundry industry. Nishiyama procedure was assumed for appraising the same. The process factors reflected on for this were the % of sodium silicate, % of Fe-Si powder and mould setting time. A sequence of tests on sand was conducted on sand, slag as per American foundry society standards. Two categories of moulds were built by means of sand and slag independently with optimum process parameters. A356 alloy and grey cast iron castings were executed on these recently built up slag moulds. The outcomes show that the mould’s compression, permeability as well as the shear strength of the GBF slag is an appropriate candidate for either incomplete or complete substitute of moulding sand. At some point in casting, the absence of fusing, dripping or mould wall collapse walls was noticed; this is exact for the ferrous as well as non-ferrous castings. Castings exhibiting high-quality surface finish, absence of surface defects as well as porosity were created by slag moulds.Keywords: Silica sand; Blast Furnace Slag; Mould properties; Ferrous and nonferrous castings.
Effect of Buffer System on the Sulfide Stress Cracking Susceptibility of Low-Alloy Steel
Authors: Kobayashi Kenji , Omura Tomohiko , Amaya Hisashi 
Published: February 2018

The effects of a buffer system in test solution and CO2 partial pressure on sulfide stress cracking (SSC) susceptibility of low-alloy steel were investigated under pH 4.0 at 0.03 MPa H2S partial pressure. A double cantilever beam test was used to quantitatively evaluate SSC susceptibility. The corrosion rates and absorbed diffusible hydrogen concentration were also evaluated. Acetic acid/sodium acetate (acetate buffered solution) and carbonic acid/bicarbonate (bicarbonate buffered solution) buffered solutions were used as buffer systems in this study. From the results, in atmospheric pressure tests, KISSC values in bicarbonate buffered solutions were equivalent to or lower than those in acetate buffered solutions. In high CO2 partial pressure conditions, KISSC values in bicarbonate buffered solutions were much higher than those in acetate buffered solutions. At a high CO2 partial pressure and H2S partial pressure (pCO2/pH2S) ratio condition, hydrogen entry is considered to be greatly prevented by corrosion products probably containing amorphous iron carbonate. Presence of the corrosion product with high protectiveness produced in the high pCO2/pH2S ratio condition suggests the possibility that conventional test conditions using acetate buffered solutions are conservative or are equivalent test conditions for actual field conditions.
Functional outcomes and quality of life after a 6-month early intervention program for oral cancer survivors: a single-arm clinical trial
Authors: Chen Yueh-Hsia , Liang Wei-An , Hsu Chung-Yin , Guo Siang-Lan , Lien Shwu-Huei , Tseng Hsiao-Jung , Chao Yuan-Hung 
Published: February 2018

Background
Advanced treatment of oral cancer increases survival rates; however, it also increases the risk of developing shoulder dysfunction, dysphagia, oral dysfunction, donor site morbidity and psychological issues. This single-arm preliminary pilot study aims to explore the effects of a six-month early intervention program following reconstructive surgery in oral cancer survivors.

Methods
A total of 65 participants were analyzed following reconstructive surgery. Outcome measurements were taken during the first visit, and at one, three and six months after reconstructive surgery.

Results
Scapular muscle strength and shoulder range of motion progressively improved during the 6-month follow-up. The mean Disability of the Arms, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score showed significant improvement at 1 month (p < .001). Health related QoL showed significant differences between baseline and 6-months post-surgery scores on global health and on most of the function and symptom scales. The predicted return-to-work rate was 80% at one year after the operation. Return-to-work rate differs in different vocational types, with a higher rate of return in the skilled or semi-skilled (87.5%) and self-employed (86.7%).

Conclusions
We suggest that early integrated intervention program with a follow-up of at least six months following reconstructive surgery may help develop and identify intervention guidelines and goals in the initial six months of treatment following neck dissection in oral cancer survivors.
The GFDL Global Atmosphere and Land Model AM4.0/LM4.0: 1. Simulation Characteristics With Prescribed SSTs
Authors: Zhao M. , Golaz J.‐C. , Held I. M. , Guo H. , Balaji V. , Benson R. , Chen J.‐H. , Chen X. , Donner L. J. , Dunne J. P. , Dunne K. , Durachta J. , Fan S.‐M. , Freidenreich S. M. , Garner S. T. , Ginoux P. , Harris L. M. , Horowitz L. W. , Krasting J. P. , Langenhorst A. R. , Liang Z. , Lin P. , Lin S.‐J. , Malyshev S. L. , Mason E. , Milly P. C. D. , Ming Y. , Naik V. , Paulot F. , Paynter D. , Phillipps P. , Radhakrishnan A. , Ramaswamy V. , Robinson T. , Schwarzkopf D. , Seman C. J. , Shevliakova E. , Shen Z. , Shin H. , Silvers L. G. , Wilson J. R. , Winton M. , Wittenberg A. T. , Wyman B. , Xiang B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this two‐part paper, a description is provided of a version of the AM4.0/LM4.0 atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system models (CM4 and ESM4) under development at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). This version, with roughly 100 km horizontal resolution and 33 levels in the vertical, contains an aerosol model that generates aerosol fields from emissions and a “light” chemistry mechanism designed to support the aerosol model but with prescribed ozone. In Part 1, the quality of the simulation in AMIP (Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project) mode—with prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and sea‐ice distribution—is described and compared with previous GFDL models and with the CMIP5 archive of AMIP simulations. The model's Cess sensitivity (response in the top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux to uniform warming of SSTs) and effective radiative forcing are also presented. In Part 2, the model formulation is described more fully and key sensitivities to aspects of the model formulation are discussed, along with the approach to model tuning.
Centimeter‐Sized Cs4PbBr6 Crystals with Embedded CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals Showing Superior Photoluminescence: Nonstoichiometry Induced Transformation and Light‐Emitting Applications
Authors: Chen Xiaomei , Zhang Feng , Ge Yong , Shi Lifu , Huang Sheng , Tang Jialun , Lv Zhao , Zhang Li , Zou Bingsuo , Zhong Haizheng 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn HBr‐assisted slow cooling method is developed for the growth of centimeter‐sized Cs4PbBr6 crystals. The obtained crystals show strong green photoluminescence with absolute photoluminescence quantum yields up to 97%. More importantly, the evolution process and structural characterizations support that the nonstoichiometry of initial Cs4PbBr6 crystals induce the formation of nanosized CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in crystalline Cs4PbBr6 matrices. Furthermore, high efficiency and wide color gamut prototype white light‐emitting diode devices are also demonstrated by combining the highly luminescent Cs4PbBr6 crystals as green emitters and commercial K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphor as red emitters with blue emitting GaN chips. The optimized devices generate high‐quality white light with luminous efficiency of ≈151 lm W−1 and color gamut of 90.6% Rec. 2020 at 20 mA, which is much better than that based on conventional perovskite nanocrystals. The combination of improved efficiency and better stability with comparable color quality provides an alternative choice for liquid crystal display backlights.
Holey 2D Nanosheets of Low‐Valent Manganese Oxides with an Excellent Oxygen Catalytic Activity and a High Functionality as a Catalyst for Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Adpakpang Kanyaporn , Oh Seung Mi , Agyeman Daniel Adjei , Jin Xiaoyan , Jarulertwathana Nutpaphat , Kim In Young , Sarakonsri Thapanee , Kang Yong‐Mook , Hwang Seong‐Ju 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHoley 2D nanosheets of low‐valent Mn2O3 can be synthesized by thermally induced phase transition of exfoliated layered MnO2 nanosheets. The heat treatment of layered MnO2 nanosheets at elevated temperatures leads not only to transitions to low‐valent manganese oxides but also to the creation of surface hole in the 2D nanosheet crystallites. Despite distinct phase transitions, highly anisotropic 2D morphology of the precursor MnO2 material remains intact upon the heat treatment whereas the diameter of surface hole becomes larger with increasing heating temperature. The obtained holey 2D Mn2O3 nanosheets show promising electrocatalyst performances for oxygen evolution reaction, which are much superior to that of nonporous Mn2O3 crystal. Among the present materials, the holey Mn2O3 nanosheet calcined at 500 °C displays the best electrocatalyst functionality with markedly decreased overpotential, indicating the importance of heating condition in optimizing the electrocatalytic activity. Of prime importance is that this material shows much better catalytic activity for Li–O2 batteries than does nonporous Mn2O3, underscoring the critical role of porous 2D morphology in this functionality. This study clearly demonstrates the unique advantage of holey 2D nanosheet morphology in exploring economically feasible transition metal oxide‐based electrocatalysts and electrodes for Li–O2 batteries.
Unveiling the Role of Dopant Polarity in the Recombination and Performance of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Chang‐Heon , Lee Jeong‐Hwan , Kim Kwon‐Hyeon , Kim Jang‐Joo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe recombination of charges is an important process in organic photonic devices, because the process influences the device characteristics such as the driving voltage, efficiency, and lifetime. Here, by using various homoleptic and heteroleptic Ir complexes as dopants, it is reported that the stationary dipole moment (μ0) of the dopant rather than the trap depth (ΔEt) is a major factor determining the recombination mechanism in dye‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Dopants with large μ0 (e.g., homoleptic Ir(III) dyes) induce large charge trapping on them, resulting in high driving voltage and trap‐assisted recombination‐dominated emission. On the other hand, dyes with small μ0 (e.g., heteroleptic Ir(III) dyes) show Langevin recombination‐dominated emission characteristics with much less charge trapping on them no matter what ΔEt is, leading to lower driving voltage and higher efficiencies. This finding will be useful in any organic photonic devices such as phosphorescent or thermally assisted delayed fluorescent dye sensitized fluorescent OLEDs where trapping and recombination mechanisms play key roles.