bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prävention für multimorbide ältere Menschen im ambulanten Bereich
Authors: Kasprick Lysann , Wilke Cornelia , Zimmer Katrin , Winkelmann Claudia 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Konzept Was verstehen wir unter ambulanter Prävention für multimorbide ältere Menschen bis hin zum geriatrischen Patienten? Wie werden die präventiven
Patienten herausgefunden oder betrachten wir alle Patienten in der haus- und fachärztlichen Praxis präventiv? Wie gestaltet sich der Wechsel zwischen den
Sektoren ambulant und stationär? Wird der Wandel der Digitalisierung oder Medizin 4.0 auch für diesen Bereich zutreffend sein? Wie reagieren die Patienten und
ihre Angehörigen auf diese ergänzende Rehabilitationsform?
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling with Non-Diazo Carbene Precursors
Authors: Wang Jianbo , Wang Kang 
Published: October 2018

Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions through metal carbene migratory insertion have emerged as powerful methodology for carbon–carbon bond constructions. Typically, diazo compounds (or in situ generated diazo compounds from N-tosylhydrazones) have been employed as the metal carbene precursors for this type of cross-coupling reactions. Recently, cross-coupling reactions employing non-diazo carbene precursors, such as conjugated ene-yne-ketones, allenyl ketones, alkynes, cyclopropenes, and Cr(0) Fischer carbenes, have been developed. This account will summarize our efforts in the development of transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with these non-diazo carbene precursors.1	Introduction2	Cross-Coupling with Ene-yne-ketones, Allenyl Ketones, and Alkynes3	Cross-Coupling Involving Ring-Opening of Cyclopropenes4	Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling with Chromium(0) Fischer Carbenes5	Conclusion
Endoscope-Assisted Retrosigmoid Approach for Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Tumor
Authors: Vaz-Guimaraes Francisco , Gardner Paul , Fernandez-Miranda Juan 
Published: October 2018

Objectives Surgical resection is the only effective treatment modality for epidermoid tumors. Complete resection with preservation of neurological function must be pursued whenever possible, because it offers a cure for patients. However, the inability to identify hidden remnants, interdigitating around cranial nerves, especially in larger tumors, may be a contributing factor for incomplete resection. This operative video demonstrates the technical nuances in achieving complete resection of a cerebellopontine angle epidermoid tumor via an endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid approach.
Design and Setting Operative video of an endoscope-assisted retrosigmoid, approach for complete resection of a cerebellopontine angle epidermoid tumor. The patient was a 16-year-old female, who presented with 1-year history of worsening headaches and imbalance. Her neurological exam was normal, including normal cranial nerve function, and hearing. Radiological evaluation revealed an epidermoid tumor in the right cerebellopontine angle, extending to the interpeduncular cistern. Surgical resection was recommended. Given extension of the tumor across the midline, an endoscope-assisted procedure was planned to increase the odds of complete resection.
Results The video demonstrates the surgical technique applied for tumor resection. The patient's clinical symptoms resolved completely after surgery and she remained neurologically intact. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed complete tumor resection. There were no postoperative complications.
Conclusions The use of endoscopic techniques for resection of cerebellopontine angle epidermoid tumor is safe and effective and may increase the odds of complete resection, especially in larger tumors spreading across the midline, by enabling the surgeon clear visualization of deep-seated and contralateral relevant neurovascular structures, not readily accessible by the surgical microscope.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/X6YP_7OeQQE.
Two Decades of Contemporary Surgery of Primary Cardiac Tumors
Authors: Jawad Khalil , Owais Tamer , Feder Stefan , Lehmann Sven , Misfeld Martin , Garbade Jens , Borger Michael 
Published: October 2018

Objective The decision to operate cardiac tumors is an issue of balancing surgical outcome and survival with quality of life (QOL). We report our single-center experience in managing primary cardiac tumors between 1994 and 2014.
Methods and Results In this study, 269 patients were subjected to our standardized operative protocols, preoperative preparations, postoperative follow-up, and consents of participation. Demographic and preoperative/intraoperative/postoperative variables were collected with focus on long-term follow-up and survival. A total of 72,000 cardiac procedures were performed within 20 years at our institution. Two hundred sixty-nine patients were diagnosed with primary cardiac tumors (0.37%), with a male:female ratio of 1:1.68, mean age of 57.4 ± 19.5 years, and body mass index of 25.49 ± 6.5. The most presenting symptoms were dyspnea (n = 94), arrhythmias (n = 53), embolic event (n = 36), and chest pain (n = 29), and 33 patients were accidentally discovered. Isolated tumor excision and concomitant ablation were performed on 181 patients, while the rest needed additional procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 27) or valve surgery (n = 61). Focus on pathology, tumor location was done reporting the commonest pathology such as myxoma (n = 177) and fibroelastoma (n = 56). The frequent site was the left atrium (n = 162). Our primary results showed incidence of bleeding in 9 patients (3.3%), arrhythmias in 76 patients (28.25%), and mortality in 49 patients (18.2%). Five patients (1.8%) showed recurrence and 220 patients (81.8%) showed complaint-free survival.
Conclusion Complete excision of primary cardiac tumors is the golden rule in management as it improves survival and decreases morbidity expected from the progressing tumors process. The progression of minimally invasive techniques improves QOL and should be performed whenever possible.
Evaluation of the Extent of Vessel Avulsion Injury: An Experimental Study Using a Rabbit Model
Authors: Uraloğlu Muhammet , Ural Alper , Saygın İsmail , Livaoğlu Murat , Karaçal Naci 
Published: October 2018

Background Determining the extent of damage in vascular avulsion type injuries still represents a challenge for the microsurgeon. Excision of the damaged section is critical for the success of anastomosis. The purpose of this study was to determine which among vascular endothelial and adventitia damage findings is most effective in determining the extent of avulsion injury.
Methods Varying degrees of avulsion were applied to the aorta of 12 (n = 12) adult female New Zealand rabbits. Avulsion was first determined using adventitial findings and then with endothelial findings. The definitive extent of damage was determined histopathologically.
Results The mean area of the histopathological sections was 16.7 ± 6.9 mm. The extent of damage measured from the adventitia was 15.8 ± 7.9 mm (the difference in histopathological examinations was not significant, p = 0.590, paired t-test), while the extent of damage from the lumen was 13.3 ± 8.2 mm (the difference in histopathological examinations was significant p = 0.004, paired t-test).
Conclusion Excision based on adventitia findings is more effective in case of avulsion injury.
Interactions of hydrophobic metal complexes and their constituents with aquatic humic substances
Authors: Boullemant Amiel , Gagné Jean-Pierre , Fortin Claude , Campbell Peter G. C. 
Published: October 2018

Environmental context. Lipophilic metal complexes, because they can readily cross biological membranes, are especially bioavailable. However, in natural waters these complexes do not necessarily exist in a free state, i.e. they may bind to the organic matter (humic substances) that is present in natural waters. It follows that the in situ bioavailability of lipophilic metal complexes will tend to be less than that measured in simple laboratory experiments.
Abstract. The ability of dissolved humic substances (HS: fulvic and humic acids) to complex cationic metals is well known, but their interactions with neutral lipophilic metal complexes are little understood. In the present study, we have examined the behaviour of two such complexes (

Cd
L
2
0

-->Cd L02: L = DDC = diethyldithiocarbamate, or L = XANT = ethylxanthate) in the presence of Suwannee River Humic and Fulvic acids. Interactions between the neutral complexes and the humic substances were assessed by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy at pH 5.5 and 7.0, and by equilibrium dialysis experiments (500 Da cut-off). The EEM measurements were carried out by titrating the humic substances (6.5 mg C L–1) with Cd, in the absence or presence of ligand L (1 µM DDC or 100 µM XANT). Given the very high stability constants for the complexation of cadmium by DDC and XANT and the excess ligand concentration, virtually all (>96%) of the Cd added to the L + HS matrix was calculated to be present as the neutral

Cd
L
2
0

-->CdL20 complex over the entire pH range tested. For both humic substances, addition of DDC or XANT alone led to shifts in the fluorescence spectra at both pH values, indicating that the DDC– and XANT– anions likely interact by electrostatic or hydrogen bonding within the humic molecules. The subsequent addition of Cd to these L + HS systems resulted in a disproportionately large enhancement of the fluorescence intensities of individual EEM peaks, this fluorescence enhancement being only slightly decreased by the shift from pH 7.0 to 5.5. We interpret this enhancement as evidence that the two neutral complexes associate with the humic substances, presumably by forming ternary complexes (Ln-Cd-HS). Hydrophobic interactions between the humic substances and the neutral complexes may also contribute, but to a lesser extent, as demonstrated by partitioning calculations based on the lipophilicity of the neutral complexes. The association of the neutral complexes with Suwannee River Humic Acid was confirmed by dialysis experiments.
Extracellularly oxidative activation and inactivation of matured prodrug for cryptic self-resistance in naphthyridinomycin biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Yue , Wen Wan-Hong , Pu Jin-Yue , Tang Man-Cheng , Zhang Liwen , Peng Chao , Xu Yuquan , Tang Gong-Li 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The shielding strategy for self-resistance in antibiotic biosynthesis from bacteria has been known to employ reversible group-transfer reactions that usually do not directly act on the antibiotic pharmacophore. Typically, the phosphorylation-modified, glycosylation-modified, acetylation-modified, and prepeptide-modified prodrug need to be activated by removing the protection group during or following export and, thereby, employing the hydrolysis reaction as the final step. Herein, we discover an unprecedented oxidative activation and overoxidative inactivation of a matured prodrug; significantly, the oxidation reaction directly deals with the drug warhead and occurs outside the host cells. This cryptic self-resistance mechanism sheds light on antibiotic resistance and the complex biology of extracellular environment.
Flow stimuli reveal ecologically appropriate responses in mouse visual cortex
Authors: Dyballa Luciano , Hoseini Mahmood S. , Dadarlat Maria C. , Zucker Steven W. , Stryker Michael P. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
The visual system of the mouse is now widely studied as a model for development and disease in humans. Studies of its primary visual cortex (V1) using conventional grating stimuli to construct linear–nonlinear receptive fields suggest that the mouse must have very poor vision. Using stimuli resembling the flow of images across the retina as the mouse moves through the grass, we find that most V1 neurons respond reliably to very much finer details of the visual scene than previously believed. Our findings suggest that the conventional notion of a unique receptive field does not capture the operation of the neural network in mouse V1.
Volume Ratio of Glomerular Tufts to Bowman Capsules and Renal Outcomes in Nephrosclerosis
Authors: Haruhara Kotaro , Tsuboi Nobuo , Sasaki Takaya , Amano Hoichi , Tanaka Mai , Koike Kentaro , Kanzaki Go , Okabayashi Yusuke , Miyazaki Yoichi , Ogura Makoto , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The concomitant appearance of glomerular collapse and enlargement is characteristic of the histological findings in nephrosclerosis. However, no previous study quantitatively examined the clinicopathological significance of this feature in patients with biopsy-proven nephrosclerosis.

METHODS
Renal biopsy specimens and follow-up data from nephrosclerosis patients with estimated glomerular filtration rates &gt;30 ml/min/1.73 m2 at diagnosis were retrospectively reviewed. Mean volumes for glomerular tufts (GV) and Bowman capsules (BV) were separately calculated, based on the measurement of all areas of glomerular tufts and Bowman capsules in a cross-section of biopsy specimens. The G/B ratio was defined as the ratio of GV to BV. The doubling of serum creatinine levels (DSC) and the initiation of renal replacement therapies (end-stage renal disease (ESRD)) were examined as renal outcome indices.

RESULTS
A total of 67 patients with biopsy-proven nephrosclerosis were included. Clinicopathological findings at biopsy, other than GV, were comparable among all patients, irrespective of G/B ratio. Overall, 25 patients (37%) developed DSC and 9 (13%) developed ESRD during the median observation periods of 7.8 and 8.5 years, respectively. Renal survival curve analyses indicated a significantly worse prognosis for patients with a low G/B ratio, as compared with those with a high G/B ratio. Cox hazard analyses for DSC identified low G/B ratio as a significant predictor, but not low GV or BV.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the quantitative evaluation of G/B ratio may detect subtle abnormalities in the glomerulus, indicating the subsequent renal outcomes of nephrosclerosis patients.
Thalia: semantic search engine for biomedical abstracts
Authors: Soto Axel J , Przybyła Piotr , Ananiadou Sophia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Summary
Although the publication rate of the biomedical literature has been growing steadily during the last decades, the accessibility of pertinent research publications for biologist and medical practitioners remains a challenge. This article describes Thalia, which is a semantic search engine that can recognize eight different types of concepts occurring in biomedical abstracts. Thalia is available via a web-based interface or a RESTful API. A key aspect of our search engine is that it is updated from PubMed on a daily basis. We describe here the main building blocks of our tool as well as an evaluation of the retrieval capabilities of Thalia in the context of a precision medicine dataset.

Availability and implementation
Thalia is available at http://nactem.ac.uk/Thalia_BI/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Diarrheal Etiology and Impact of Coinfections on Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy Estimates in a Clinical Trial of a Monovalent Human–Bovine (116E) Oral Rotavirus Vaccine, Rotavac, India
Authors: Praharaj Ira , Platts-Mills James A , Taneja Sunita , Antony Kalpana , Yuhas Krista , Flores Jorge , Cho Iksung , Bhandari Nita , Revathy R , Bavdekar Ashish , Rongsen-Chandola Temsunaro , McMurry Timothy , Houpt Eric R , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Rotavirus vaccine efficacy (VE) estimates in low-resource settings are lower than in developed countries. We detected coinfections in cases of severe rotavirus diarrhea in a rotavirus VE trial to determine whether these negatively impacted rotavirus VE estimates.

Methods
We performed TaqMan Array Card assays for enteropathogens on stools from rotavirus enzyme immunoassay–positive diarrhea episodes and all severe episodes (Vesikari score ≥11), from a phase 3 VE trial of Rotavac, a monovalent human–bovine (116E) rotavirus vaccine, carried out across 3 sites in India. We estimated pathogen-specific etiologies of diarrhea, described associated clinical characteristics, and estimated the impact of coinfections on rotavirus VE using a test-negative design.

Results
A total of 1507 specimens from 1169 infants were tested for the presence of coinfections. Rotavirus was the leading cause of severe diarrhea even among vaccinated children, followed by adenovirus 40/41, Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, norovirus GII, sapovirus, and Cryptosporidium species. Bacterial coinfections in rotavirus-positive diarrhea were associated with a longer duration of diarrhea and protozoal coinfections with increased odds of hospitalization. Using the test-negative design, rotavirus VE against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis increased from 49.3% to 60.6% in the absence of coinfections (difference, 11.3%; 95% confidence interval, –10.3% to 30.2%).

Conclusions
While rotavirus was the dominant etiology of severe diarrhea even in vaccinated children, a broad range of other etiologies was identified. Accounting for coinfections led to an 11.3% increase in the VE estimate. Although not statistically significant, an 11.3% decrease in VE due to presence of coinfections would explain an important fraction of the low rotavirus VE in this setting.
Transcriptional activation of fucosyltransferase (FUT) genes using the CRISPR-dCas9-VPR technology reveals potent N-glycome alterations in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Blanas Athanasios , Cornelissen Lenneke A M , Kotsias Maximilianos , van der Horst Joost C , van de Vrugt Henri J , Kalay Hakan , Spencer Daniel I R , Kozak Rad P , van Vliet Sandra J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAberrant fucosylation in cancer cells is considered as a signature of malignant cell transformation and it is associated with tumor progression, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Specifically, in colorectal cancer cells, increased levels of the fucosylated Lewisx antigen are attributed to the deregulated expression of pertinent fucosyltransferases, like fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) and fucosyltransferase 9 (FUT9). However, the lack of experimental models closely mimicking cancer-specific regulation of fucosyltransferase gene expression has, so far, limited our knowledge regarding the substrate specificity of these enzymes and the impact of Lewisx synthesis on the glycome of colorectal cancer cells. Therefore, we sought to transcriptionally activate the Fut4 and Fut9 genes in the well-known murine colorectal cancer cell line, MC38, which lacks expression of the FUT4 and FUT9 enzymes. For this purpose, we utilized a physiologically relevant, guide RNA-based model of de novo gene expression, namely the CRISPR-dCas9-VPR system. Induction of the Fut4 and Fut9 genes in MC38 cells using CRISPR-dCas9-VPR resulted in specific neo-expression of functional Lewisx antigen on the cell surface. Interestingly, Lewisx was mainly carried by N-linked glycans in both MC38-FUT4 and MC38-FUT9 cells, despite pronounced differences in the biosynthetic properties and the expression stability of the induced enzymes. Moreover, Lewisx expression was found to influence core-fucosylation, sialylation, antennarity and the subtypes of N-glycans in the MC38-glycovariants. In conclusion, exploiting the CRISPR-dCas9-VPR system to augment glycosyltransferase expression is a promising method of transcriptional gene activation with broad application possibilities in glycobiology and oncology research.
Prescribed k-Curvature Problems on Complete Noncompact Riemannian Manifolds
Authors: Fu Jixiang , Sheng Weimin , Yuan Lixia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
To study the prescribed $k$-curvature problem of 2nd-order symmetric curvature tensors on complete noncompact Riemannian manifolds, we consider a class of fully nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations. It is proved that on a Riemannian manifold with negative sectional curvature and Ricci curvature bounded from below, the equation is solvable provided that all the eigenvalues of the tensor are negative. The result is applicable to the prescribed $k$-curvature problems of modified Schouten tensor and Bakry–Émery Ricci tensor.
Cigarette Smoking and Secondhand Smoke Exposure Before and After a Tobacco-Free Olympic Policy Period: Qingdao, China
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Xiaojing , Stewart Susan LeRoy , Gao Weiguo , Qi Fei , Zhang Lei , Pang Zengchang , Qiao Qing , Ning Feng , Tong Elisa 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Introduction
We explored the impact of a temporary tobacco-free public policy for the 2008 Summer Olympics on the smoking prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure among the population of a co-hosting city, Qingdao, China.

Methods
The Qingdao Diabetes Survey was analyzed for 2006 (n = 4599) and 2009 (n = 4680), which are survey years before and after the tobacco-free Olympics public policy period (July 2007 to January 2009). We analyzed the differences in self-reported smoking prevalence and exposure to secondhand smoke at home and/or workplace, and compared odds of smoking by survey year and of exposure to secondhand smoke among nonsmokers.

Results
From 2006 to 2009, the male smoking prevalence declined from 51.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 49.0% to 53.9%) to 42.6% (95% CI = 40.2% to 45.1%), and the proportion of lighter smokers decreased more. Among nonsmokers, the secondhand smoke exposure rate declined from 62.2% (95% CI = 60.5% to 63.9%) to 56.8% (95% CI = 55.1% to 58.6%). Regression analyses show 34% lower odds of men smoking after Olympics (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.57% to 0.77%). Rural residents and individuals who are not retired were more likely to smoke. Female nonsmokers report 17% less exposure to secondhand smoke after Olympics (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.70% to 0.98%). Urban nonsmokers were more likely to be exposed than their rural counterparts.

Conclusions
Smoking prevalence among men and secondhand smoke exposure among women significantly decreased in Qingdao, China, after the tobacco-free Olympics public policy period. As only the proportion of lighter smokers decreased, this may help explain why urban nonsmokers reported increased exposure. Unintended increased secondhand smoke exposure and cessation support need to be addressed in large-scale policy campaigns.

Implications
Hosting the Olympic Games can help to initiate large-scale tobacco-free public policies for hosting cities. Although previous studies have demonstrated reduction in nonsmoker exposure to secondhand smoke, the impact on the hosting city’s smoking prevalence or exposure rates is unclear. After the Olympic Games in Qingdao, China, smoking prevalence among men significantly decreased, mostly due to light smokers. Secondhand smoke exposure at home and/or workplace significantly decreased among female nonsmokers. Urban nonsmokers had an unintended consequence of increased secondhand smoke exposure after the tobacco-free Olympic policy period. Concurrent promotion of cessation support for heavier smokers may be needed.