bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age and growth of American Eel in lower St. Johns River in northeast Florida
Authors: Bonvechio Kimberly , Harrison Susanna , Phillips Trevor , Zokan Marcus , Taliercio Michelle , Bottom Brittany 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Little is known about American Eel Anguilla rostrata populations across much of the species' large geographic range. This study aimed to collect important information on the life history and population biology of American Eel in a northeast Florida river.

Methods
During two 12-week periods, from August to November 2021 and September to December 2022, American Eel were collected from a ~90-km stretch of the lower St. Johns River via boat electrofishing. Data on length, weight, age, Anguillicoloides crassus parasite infection, and swim bladder condition were recorded for American Eel collected in both years, and additional data on sex, sexual maturity, and fin and eye morphology were recorded for American Eel collected in 2022.

Result
Overall, biologists spent more than 63.5 h of effort over 42 sampling days to collect 297 American Eel, ranging in size from 150 to 705 mm total length (TL) with a continental age ranging from 0 to 8 years. American Eel catches were low and varied by section of river and over time; however, no differences in the length–weight relationship or size structure were observed between river sections. Adult parasites were observed in swim bladders of 36% of American Eel, and 57% of eel exhibited some level of swim bladder damage. Although length–weight relationships were similar regardless of swim bladder condition, relative swim bladder length was lower for fish with severe damage. Histological examination of gonads from 160 American Eel in 2022 revealed that the male : female sex ratio was 0.9:1 and nearly all eel were sexually immature. The majority of fish were 2–4 years of age; average growth was modeled with a von Bertalanffy curve for American Eel aged 1–8: TL = 740 × [1 – e−0.12(age + 1.98)].

Conclusion
Given the paucity of information about American Eel in this region, the data provided in this study will be critical to informing future decisions on the management of the American Eel stock.
Stochastic Vehicle Routing With Delivery Choice
Authors: Venkateshan Prahalad , Mathur Kamlesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe consider the problem of designing delivery routes for vehicles where the vendor has the choice of how much of the demand from a customer to fulfill. The customer demand is known a priori only as a probability distribution. Exact customer demand is known only after visiting the customer. Different customers are able to negotiate different prices for each unit of product with the vendor. Given a route, the objective is to decide at each customer location, how much demand to satisfy so as to maximize expected profit taking into account a linear penalty cost for unfulfilled demand and the vehicle routing costs. In this article, we develop several new structural results for this problem. We illustrate how these structural results can be embedded in different heuristic frameworks commonly used for deterministic vehicle routing problems. This helps develop efficient routes for a single vehicle as well as a multiple vehicle scenario for this stochastic variant. For small‐sized problems that allow for exhaustive enumeration, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the illustrated heuristic. For larger problem instances, based on structural results, we develop methods that allow the heuristic to run more efficiently than otherwise. Results are reported on instances based on benchmark instances drawn from literature for upward of 100 customers and vehicle capacity up to 600 units. Computational times needed to heuristically solve such problems are within 1 100 s.
The Relationship Between Effort–Reward Imbalance and Learning Engagement: The Chain‐Mediating Role of Academic Self‐Concept and Academic Burnout
Authors: Jin Guichun , Wang Qiangqiang , Lei Jie , Chen Yu , Liu Shengmin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between effort–reward imbalance and learning engagement and the chain mediating role of academic self‐concept and burnout in this relationship. A total of 1030 adolescent students were assessed via the Effort–Reward Imbalance for Learning Scale, the General Academic Self Scale for Adolescents, the Adolescent Learning Burnout Scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale‐Student. (1) Effort–reward imbalance, learning engagement, academic self‐concept, and academic burnout were significantly correlated. (2) Although the direct effect of effort–reward imbalance on learning engagement was not significant, the chain mediating role of academic self‐concept and academic burnout in the relationship between effort–reward imbalance and learning engagement was significant. Effort–reward imbalance predicts learning engagement via the chain mediating role of academic self‐concept and burnout. Teachers and parents should pay attention to the potential impact of students' negative academic self‐concept and burnout induced by the effort‐reward imbalance on learning engagement.
Conserved and Unique Mitochondrial Target Sequence of TRPV4 Can Independently Regulate Mitochondrial Functions
Authors: Acharya Tusar Kanta , Mahapatra Parnasree , Kumar Shamit , Dubey Nishant Kumar , Rajalaxmi Srujanika , Ghosh Arijit , Kumar Ashutosh , Goswami Chandan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThough mitochondria have their own genome and protein synthesis machineries, the majority of the mitochondrial proteins are actually encoded by the nuclear genome. Most of these mitochondrial proteins are imported into specific compartments of the mitochondria due to their mitochondrial target sequence (MTS). Unlike the nuclear target sequence, the MTS of most of the mitochondrial localized proteins remain poorly understood, mainly due to their variability, heterogeneity, unconventional modes of action, mitochondrial potential‐dependent transport, and other complexities. Recently, we reported that transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4), a thermosensitive cation channel, is physically located at the mitochondria. Here we characterize a small segment (AA 592‐630) located at the TM4‐loop4‐TM5 segment of TRPV4 that acts as a novel MTS. The same region remains highly conserved in all vertebrates and contains a large number of point mutations each of which causes an diverse spectrum of diseases in human. Using confocal and super‐resolution microscopy, we show that this MTS of TRPV4 or its mutants localizes to the mitochondria independently and also induces functional and quantitative changes in the mitochondria. By using conformal microscopy, we could detect the presence of the MTS region within the isolated mitochondria. These findings may be important to understand the complexity of MTS and TRPV4‐induced channelopathies better.
Integrated Microbiome and Metabolomic to Explore the Mechanism of Coptisine in Alleviating Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Sun Yanling , Niu Shengqi , Li Xing , Chen Lisheng , Xie Shuying , Chang Lei , Wei Shizhang , Jing Manyi , Li Haotian , Zhao Yanling 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCoptisine (COP), a naturally occurring alkaloid, is known for its diverse pharmacological effects and its supportive role in intestinal health. Despite this, the detailed mechanisms behind its therapeutic benefits are not yet fully understood. The objective of this study is to investigate the therapeutic potential of COP for the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and to delineate the critical pathways by which it exerts its therapeutic effects. To assess COP's therapeutic effectiveness, mice were administered COP and monitored for clinical symptoms, activity, and disease activity index (DAI) changes. Intestinal histopathology, mucosal barrier function, and gut microbiota structure were evaluated, along with metabolic profiling, focusing on Prenol lipids in the colon to identify COP‐induced metabolic shifts. Mice treated with COP exhibited significant relief from diarrhea and bleeding, along with increased activity and a marked reduction in DAI scores. Histopathological evaluation revealed a reduction in intestinal inflammation, and the intestinal mucosal barrier function was notably enhanced. The gut microbiota composition in COP‐treated mice showed improvements. Additionally, the levels of Prenol lipids in the colon were elevated by COP treatment, which is crucial for the recovery of intestinal function. Our study demonstrates that COP effectively ameliorates colitis symptoms by modulating colon Prenol lipids metabolism, particularly under the influence of key bacterial species. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of COP in the treatment of UC.
Sandponics: A Sustainable Agriculture Solution for Food Security and Resource Efficiency in Arid Regions
Authors: Nair Chythra Somanathan , Alsudain Meera Bakheet Hamad , Manoharan Ramya , Nishanth Drishya , Subramanian Radhakrishnan , Manga Anicet , Jaleel Abdul 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAgriculture in arid regions encounters significant challenges, including water scarcity, poor soil quality and low crop yields. Sandponics, also known as the Integrated Aqua Vegeculture System (IAVS), presents a promising solution by utilizing sand as a sustainable, water‐efficient medium for food production. This review explores the potential of sandponics as a scalable, eco‐friendly agricultural practices in arid regions. Sand, being abundant, recyclable and cost‐effective, offers a viable alternative to conventional growth media, making sandponics a practical and resource‐efficient option. The method has demonstrated success in enhancing crop productivity, particularly, in saline environments, while minimizing environmental impact. Sandponics supports food security and land use optimization by transforming challenging conditions into productive agricultural landscapes. Future research should focus on refining sand selection, optimizing nutrient and environmental conditions, managing microbial interactions and scaling up sandponics for broader application, thus advancing their role in sustainable agriculture.
The Impact of Voluntary Environmental Standards on Domestic and Foreign Sales Growth: Evidence From Pakistan
Authors: Bukhari Azaz Ali Ather , Bukhari Waqar Ali Ather , Hayat Naveed , Troise Ciro , Bresciani Stefano 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn the current business environment, voluntary environmental standards (VES), including environmental management standards (EMS) and eco‐labeling schemes, have become important organizational tools to increase firms' market competitiveness and sustainability. This study provides novel insights by empirically examining the effects of EMS (ISO 14001) and eco‐label certifications on domestic and foreign sales growth, specifically in the context of Pakistani firms. The study utilized data from 245 listed firms from 2009 to 2023 to accomplish this objective. The study applied panel econometric regression analysis to estimate the results empirically. The results showed a positive impact of VES on firms' domestic and foreign sales growth. In particular, manufacturing firms that comply with ISO 14001 standards and textile firms with eco‐label certification have exceptionally high domestic and foreign sales growth. The study's outcomes indicate that adopting VES can serve as a valuable strategy for enhancing firms' market competitiveness and expanding their sales in both domestic and international markets. The result suggests that VES enhances market competitiveness and offers a pathway for sustainable growth strategies, specifically in developing economies like Pakistan. Notably, by promoting VES, policymakers can support firms in improving their international market presence and contributing to broader sustainable development goals.
Aqueous Extract of Sapindus mukorossi Fruit Pericarp‐Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyran]‐2‐one Derivatives
Authors: Saikia Nilakhy , Devi Jutika , Deka Dibakar Chandra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractNatural surfactants are biodegradable and therefore environmentally benign. To avoid the detrimental effects of synthetic surfactants on the environment, it is highly desirable to replace them with natural surfactants as alternatives. In this context, we are reporting herein the use of saponins derived from Indian soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) fruit pericarp as a natural surfactant for the synthesis of spiro[indoline‐3,4′‐pyran]‐2‐one derivatives through one‐pot three‐component reaction of isatins, malononitrile, and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds. Wide substrate scope has been established with the synthesis of as many as 18 compounds in yields ranging from 72% to 94%.
Local Hydrogen Concentration and Distribution in Pd Nanoparticles: An In Situ STEM‐EELS Approach
Authors: Korneychuk Svetlana , Wagner Stefan , Rohleder Darius , Vana Philipp , Pundt Astrid 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLocal detection of hydrogen concentration in metals is of central importance for many areas of hydrogen technology, such as hydrogen storage, detection, catalysis, and hydrogen embrittlement. A novel approach to measure the hydrogen concentration in a model system consisting of cubic palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs), with a lateral resolution down to 4 nm is demonstrated. By measuring the shift of the Pd bulk plasmon peak with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) during in situ hydrogen gas loading and unloading, local detection of the hydrogen concentration is achieved in TEM. With this method, concentration changes inside the NPs at various stages of hydrogenation/dehydrogenation are observed with nanometer resolution. The versatility of in situ TEM allows to link together microstructure, hydrogen concentration, and local strain, opening up a new chapter in hydrogen research.
Non‐Aqueous Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Multivariate C2‐Products Over Single Atom Catalyst at Current Density up to 100 mA cm−2
Authors: Bhawnani Rajan R. , Sartape Rohan , Gande Vamsi V , Barsoum Michael L. , Kallon Elias M. , Reis Roberto dos , Dravid Vinayak P. , Singh Meenesh R. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2‐RR) in non‐aqueous electrolytes offers significant advantages over aqueous systems, as it boosts CO2 solubility and limits the formation of HCO3− and CO32− anions. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in non‐aqueous CO2‐RR makes an attractive system for CO2 capture and conversion. However, the predominantly organic composition of MOFs limits their electrical conductivity and stability in electrocatalysis, where they suffer from electrolytic decomposition. In this work, electrically conductive and stable Zirconium (Zr)‐based porphyrin MOF, specifically PCN‐222, metalated with a single‐atom Cu has been explored, which serves as an efficient single‐atom catalyst (SAC) for CO2‐RR. PCN‐ 222(Cu) demonstrates a substantial enhancement in redox activity due to the synergistic effect of the Zr matrix and the single‐atom Cu site, facilitating complete reduction of C2 species under non‐aqueous electrolytic conditions. The current densities achieved (≈100 mA cm−2) are 4–5 times higher than previously reported values for MOFs, with a faradaic efficiency of up to 40% for acetate production, along with other multivariate C2 products, which have never been achieved previously in non‐aqueous systems. Characterization using X‐ray and various spectroscopic techniques, reveals critical insights into the role of the Zr matrix and Cu sites in CO2 reduction, benchmarking PCN‐222(Cu) for MOF‐based SAC electrocatalysis.
Electrospun Nanofiber Supported Nano/Mesoscale Covalent Organic Frameworks Boost Iodine Sorption
Authors: Chowdhury Sumanta , Hasnat Abul , Rathi Preeti , Kumar Manish , Saha Santanu , Randhawa Jaspreet Kaur , Siril Prem Felix 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCovalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) are benchmark materials for iodine sorption, but their use has largely been confined to crystalline bulk forms. In this state, COFs face diffusion limitations leading to slow sorption kinetics. To address this, a series of [2 + 3] imine‐linked COFs with varying particle sizes and morphologies (mesospheres, nanoflowers, and bulk) is synthesized. Reducing particle size (from 826 ± 48 to 412 ± 22 nm) and adding surface protrusions in COF mesospheres improved iodine adsorption capacity (7.6 to 8.5 g g⁻¹), kinetics (K80%, 0.61 to 0.76 g g⁻¹ h⁻¹), and chemisorption efficiency. Notably, solvothermally synthesized (120 °C, 5 d) crystalline bulk COF with accessible porous surfaces exhibited faster kinetics (K80%, 1.13 g g⁻¹ h⁻¹) than nano/mesoCOFs.This implies nano‐ and mesoCOFs exhibit surface aggregation that passivates their external binding sites and hinders iodine diffusion and mass transfer. To prevent this, morphologically controlled COF particles are immobilized onto electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membranes via in situ growth strategy, creating a hierarchical structure that improved iodine diffusion pathways. This modification increased iodine sorption kinetics by 98%–153% and strengthened the charge‐transfer process compared to COF powders.
Ferroelectric Domains Engineering in 2D Van Der Waals Ferroelectric α‑In2Se3 Via Flexoelectric Effect
Authors: He Qinming , Jiang Bin , Ma Jiayu , Chen Weijin , Luo Xin , Zheng Yue 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2D) Van der Waals ferroelectrics offer the opportunity for developing novel nanoelectronics devices. For device applications, it is necessary to generate controllable ferroelectric polarization domains and achieve non‐destructive polarization switching. However, it is very challenging to use the electric field to manipulate the domain state of ultra‐thin ferroelectric film due to the large leakage current and even electric breakdown. Here, the flexoelectric effect on the manipulation of polarization states at bending α‐In2Se3 flakes is explored via piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). By introducing patterned Si trench substrates, the stripe micron‐scale ferroelectric domains with alternating arrangements of the out of‐plane polarization in the curved α‐In2Se3 are observed. It is found that the polarization at the bending region of α‐In2Se3 can be directly reversed by the large flexoelectric field. The controllable mechanical modulation of α‐In2Se3 ferroelectric domains opens up potential applications of ferroelectrics in strain engineering functional devices.
Implementing the Link‐Cut Tree
Authors: Russo Luís M. S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe consider the challenge of implementing the link‐cut tree data structure. This data structure is well known and has had a wide impact on several theoretical results. However, there is a gap in mixed practical applications. We have recently used this data structure to generate uniform spanning trees and to compute a feedback vertex set. In this kind of application, the theoretical performance of the data structure is relevant but only when verified in practice. We thus present two implementations. One implementation is based on pointers and obtains good experimental performance for small problems. The other implementation is based on splay trees and provides amortized worst‐case guarantees. We use a simple API that allows us to explain the expected functionality. Moreover, it is designed to extract full functionality from the data structure while at the same time being as simple and compact as possible, in particular, it provides support for the cycle processing required by our applications. We give an experimental evaluation of both implementations. For completeness, we also review the theoretical analysis of this structure and obtain entropy and static finger bounds.
False scorpions (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) from Lower Cretaceous Spanish amber
Authors: Sánchez‐García Alba , Palencia Lorena , Delclòs Xavier , Peñalver Enrique 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPseudoscorpions, one of the earliest terrestrial lineages dating back to the Middle Devonian period (c. 385 Ma), have a limited fossil record mainly as inclusions in amber. The available fossils are mostly from the Cenozoic era, making it challenging to comprehensively understand their evolutionary history and diversification over time. Here, we report the first fossils of the order from Spanish Lower Cretaceous (upper Albian) ambers. Two new genera and species in the family Garypinidae are described from Álava amber (Peñacerrada II outcrop, Álava Province): Cretogarypinus zaragozai gen. et sp. nov. and Ithioreolpium alavensis gen. et sp. nov. Remarkably, the holotype of Cretogarypinus zaragozai shows preservation of internal soft tissues. The variability observed in the arolium of both fossil garypinids serves as compelling evidence for the hypothesis of diphyletism within the clade, which was already well established before the Early Cretaceous. Additionally, an incomplete specimen consisting of an isolated palp ascribed to the family Pseudogarypidae (extant genus Pseudogarypus Ellingsen), is described from San Just amber (Teruel Province). These findings represent the earliest occurrences of the families Garypinidae (superfamily Garypinoidea) and Pseudogarypidae (superfamily Feaelloidea) in the fossil record. They not only contribute to our understanding of a diverse pseudoscorpion fauna in Spanish amber but also offer valuable insights into divergence time estimations for pseudoscorpion families and potentially for biogeographic studies.
Sustained collaborative inquiry with teachers of multilingual learners
Authors: Coulter Cathy , Richardson Lisa K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSociocultural theories and Indigenous epistemologies inform approaches to teaching and learning with K‐12 multilingual learners and Indigenous students in the United States, and center instruction in the cultural and linguistic identities of children and their communities. Teacher preparation programs often incorporate readings and opportunities for dialogue around these sociocultural concepts, theories, and instructional approaches. However, without opportunities for implementation, it is difficult to know how fully these practices are taken up in classrooms. Challenges to bridging theory into practice include teacher autonomy, agency, and opportunities for practice. With decades of research that support the use of teacher inquiry in general, and collaborative and sustained inquiry in particular, a gap in research remains around what happens when sustained collaborative inquiry is used with teachers of multilingual learners (MLLs) in unique contexts. Using a multi‐case study methodology, this study examines what happens when in‐service teachers of multilingual learners, including Alaska Native students, practice and reflect on asset‐based instructional practices within sustained cycles of collaborative inquiry. Findings indicate that sustained collaborative inquiry within learning communities with relational trust can create spaces for teachers to take up asset‐based practices, grow in agency, and bridge the theory and practice divide.
Management of conformational entropion in a Limousin bull
Authors: Smith James , Rhodes Mike 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAn 18‐month‐old Limousin bull presented for assessment of chronic but deteriorating bilateral epiphora and blepharospasm. Halter restraint had been observed to result in exacerbation of clinical signs, which had first been recognised within the show ring. Examination in first opinion practice had failed to identify an underlying aetiology. Following referral, ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral lower entropion and trichiasis. Entropion is extensively reported in companion animal species, but little information regarding entropion in cattle, and its management, exist. A lateralised Celsus–Hotz procedure completed under regional anaesthesia and standing sedation was successful in resolving clinical signs. At 24 months post procedure, clinical signs had not recurred.