bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of vision screening in preschool children on visual function in the Swedish adult population
Authors: Thorisdottir Rannveig Linda , Faxén Tove , Blohmé Jonas , Sheikh Rafi , Malmsjö Malin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmblyopia is the most common monocular visual impairment in Scandinavia. A visual screening programme for preschool children was introduced in Sweden in the 1970s to reduce the prevalence of amblyopia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of this visual screening programme in adult men recruited to the armed forces in Sweden.MethodsThe prevalence of amblyopia was compared in recruits born in 1956–1957 (n = 1500), before the introduction of the visual screening programme (unscreened), and those born in 1977–1979 (n = 2626), after the visual screening programme was introduced (screened). Amblyopia was defined as bilateral, if the bilateral best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was <0.5 (20/40), and unilateral if there was a ≥2‐line interocular difference and BCVA was <0.625 (20/32) in the worse eye. Subgroup analysis was performed on recruits with hyperopia, myopia and anisometropia.ResultsThe prevalence of amblyopia was significantly lower after the introduction of the Swedish visual screening programme. Forty‐seven (3.3%) of the unscreened and 23 (0.9%) of the screened recruits had unilateral amblyopia (p < 0.0001, OR = 0.26 (95%CI 0.16–0.43)). The risk for developing amblyopia was markedly reduced by screening in recruits with hyperopia (≥2D) (p < 0.0001 and OR 0.034 (95% CI 0.003–0.207)) and anisometropia (≥1.5D interocular difference) (p < 0.01 and OR 0.20 (95% CI 0.08–0.66)). Only a few recruits with myopia had amblyopia.ConclusionsThe results demonstrate the value of the Swedish visual screening programme for preschool children in preventing amblyopia. Anisometropia or high hyperopic refractive errors can be identified by screening and corrected to prevent amblyopia.
The Effect of a Context‐Specific Primed Goal on Goal Commitment and Team Performance
Authors: Latham Gary P. , Hu Jing , Brcic Jelena 
Published: May 2019

The effect of a context‐specific prime for cooperation on goal commitment and team performance were examined. In the first experiment, the participants (n = 139) performed the Lost on the Moon simulation (Hall & Watson, 1970) individually and as a team (n = 50). The teams were randomly assigned to a condition where they were assigned the same goal. They were then primed (n = 23) through a photograph of cooperation or to the control condition (n = 27). Consistent with NASA’s directions for performing the simulation, performance was measured by how well a team performed relative to the answers of experts, namely, staff at NASA. The results showed that a primed behavioural goal to cooperate has a positive effect on team performance. These results were replicated in a second and third experiment involving a social dilemma where both a pro‐social, group‐centric goal and a pro‐self, egocentric goal could be self‐set for the amount of points to make. Thus the positive effect of a goal primed for cooperation on a team’s performance was shown to be robust even when there was an explicit mixture of cooperative and competitive incentives. This finding was replicated in a third experiment with actual money. Consistent with goal setting theory, commitment to the team’s goal moderated the primed goal‐performance relationship.
Immunity and hypertension: New targets to lighten the pressure
Authors: Vinh Antony , Drummond Grant R. , Sobey Christopher G. 
Published: May 2019

Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc
Role of the kringle‐like domain in glycoprotein NMB for its tumorigenic potential
Authors: Xie Rudy , Okita Yukari , Ichikawa Yumu , Fikry Muhammad Ali , Huynh Dam Kim Tuyen , Tran Sophie Thi PhuongDung , Kato Mitsuyasu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGlycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) is highly expressed in many types of malignant tumors and thought to be a poor prognostic factor in those cancers, including breast cancer. Glycoprotein NMB is a type IA transmembrane protein that has a long extracellular domain (ECD) and a short intracellular domain (ICD). In general, the ECD of a protein is involved in protein‐protein or protein‐carbohydrate interactions, whereas the ICD is important for intracellular signaling. We previously reported that GPNMB contributes to the initiation and malignant progression of breast cancer through the hemi‐immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based activation motif (hemITAM) in its ICD. Furthermore, we showed that the tyrosine residue in hemITAM is involved in induction of the stem‐like properties of breast cancer cells. However, the contribution of the ECD to its tumorigenic function has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we focused on the region, the so‐called kringle‐like domain (KLD), that is conserved among species, and made a deletion mutant, GPNMB(ΔKLD). Enhanced expression of WT GPNMB induced sphere and tumor formation in breast epithelial cells; in contrast, GPNMB(ΔKLD) lacked these activities without affecting its molecular properties, such as subcellular localization, Src‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation at least in overexpression experiments, and homo‐oligomerization. Additionally, GPNMB(ΔKLD) lost its cell migration promoting activity, even though it reduced E‐cadherin expression. Although the interaction partner binding to KLD has not yet been identified, we found that the KLD of GPNMB plays an important role in its tumorigenic potential.
Protected areas lacking for many common fluvial fishes of the conterminous USA
Authors: Cooper Arthur R. , Tsang Yin‐Phan , Infante Dana M. , Daniel Wesley M. , McKerrow Alexa J. , Wieferich Daniel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo assess the effectiveness of protected areas in two catchment scales (local and network) in conserving regionally common fluvial fishes using modelled species distributions.LocationConterminous United States.MethodsA total of 150 species were selected that were geographically widespread, abundant, non‐habitat specialists and native within nine large ecoregions. Species distribution models were developed using boosted regression trees, and modelled distributions were assessed for protection status under two alternatives: lands strictly managed for biodiversity (Highly Restricted Use) and those allowing multiple uses (Multiple Use), with protection target levels (i.e., the amount of protected area required for protection) for local and network catchments being developed from ecoregion‐based urban and agricultural land use thresholds from fish responses.ResultsOverall, less than 2% of fluvial catchments in the conterminous USA are meeting both local and network catchment protection target levels under the Highly Restricted Use alternative, whereas 16% of catchments met protection levels for the Multiple Use alternative, with protection largely concentrated in the western USA. For common native species distributions within ecoregions, only one species had >10% of streams meeting combined local and network catchment protection target levels under the Highly Restricted Use alternative, whereas 50 distributions (~14% of species distribution models) met this level under the Multiple Use alternative.Main conclusionsEven for fishes considered widespread and abundant, protection levels are lacking, particularly when considering only lands that are actively managed for biodiversity. Given the increasing intensification of anthropogenic activities and substantial uncertainty associated with climate change, considering the conservation status for all species, including those currently considered common, is warranted.
How bilingual experience and executive control influence development in language control among bilingual children
Authors: Kubota Maki , Chevalier Nicolas , Sorace Antonella 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis longitudinal study investigates whether the development in executive control and bilingual experience predicts change in language control in bilingual children. Children were tested twice over the course of 1 year, using the language‐switching paradigm and the Simon task. The participants were Japanese‐English bilingual “returnee” children (ages 7–13), who returned to their first language (L1) environment after spending some years in a second language (L2) dominant environment. Testing these children upon their return to the L1 environment allowed us to disentangle the effect of age from bilingual experience, as they experienced an increase in age but a decrease in L2 exposure over time. Children who had less L2 exposure showed smaller improvement in baseline performance when naming pictures in English (i.e., when English was relevant across all trials). Moreover, development in trials where children had to switch between languages were modulated by development in executive control. That is, children who increased their performance in the English mixed repetition trials also performed better on the executive control task over time. Thus, development in executive control modulated change in language control among bilingual children, suggesting a positive relationship between language control and executive control in children's development.
A qualitative study exploring the factors that influence the uptake of pre‐pregnancy care among women with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Forde R. , Collin J. , Brackenridge A. , Chamley M. , Hunt K. , Forbes A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo elicit the views and experiences of women with Type 2 diabetes and healthcare professionals relating to the pregnancy and pre‐pregnancy care they have received or provided. MethodsA qualitative study using in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with women with Type 2 diabetes (n=30) and healthcare professionals (n=22) from primary and specialist care. Women were purposively sampled to include different experiences of pregnancy and pre‐pregnancy care. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically using Framework Analysis.ResultsThe median age of the women was 37 years, and most were obese (median BMI 34.9 kg/m2), of black or Asian ethnicity (n=24, 80%) and from areas of high deprivation (n=21, 70%). Participating healthcare professionals were from primary (n=14), intermediate (n=4) and secondary (n=4) care. Seven themes expressing factors that mediate reproductive behaviour and care in women with Type 2 diabetes were identified at the patient, professional and system levels. Type 2 diabetes was generally perceived negatively by the women and the healthcare professionals. There was a lack of awareness about the pre‐pregnancy care needs for this population, and communication between both groups was unhelpful in eliciting the reproductive intentions of these women. The themes also reveal a lack of systemic processes to incorporate pre‐pregnancy care into the care of women with Type 2 diabetes, and consequently, health professionals in primary care have limited capacity to provide such support.ConclusionIf the current high levels of unprepared pregnancies in women with Type 2 diabetes are to be reduced, the reproductive healthcare needs of this group need to be embedded into their mainstream diabetes management.
Prevalence of comorbid major depressive disorder in Type 2 diabetes: a meta‐analysis of comparative and epidemiological studies
Authors: Wang F. , Wang S. , Zong Q.‐Q. , Zhang Q. , Ng C. H. , Ungvari G. S. , Xiang Y.‐T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo examine the average point prevalence of major depressive disorder in people with Type 2 diabetes and its associated factors in a comprehensive meta‐analysis.MethodsTwo researchers independently conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases. Studies reporting the prevalence of major depressive disorder in people with Type 2 diabetes were identified and analysed using a random‐effects model.ResultsA total of 26 studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The point prevalence of major depressive disorder was 14.5% (95% CI 7.9–25.3; I²=99.65). People with Type 2 diabetes were more likely to have major depressive disorder compared with the general population (odds ratio 1.73, 95% CI 1.38–2.16). Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses showed that study site, study type, diagnostic criteria and age significantly moderated the prevalence of major depressive disorder.ConclusionsIn this meta‐analysis, the average point prevalence of major depressive disorder in people with Type 2 diabetes was high. Routine screening and more effective interventions should be implemented for this population.
Long‐term outcomes of autotransplantation of teeth: A case series
Authors: Tsukiboshi Mitsuhiro , Yamauchi Nozomu , Tsukiboshi Yosuke 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of autotransplantation of teeth (ATT) is to replace a lost tooth with a functional tooth within the same patient. Although it has recently become more of a recognized and viable treatment approach in dentistry, the long‐term outcomes are still not well‐documented. The principal author (MT) has performed more than 1000 ATTs for reasons such as treating missing teeth, deep caries, poor endodontic results, and periodontitis over the past 30 years in private practice. During the course of private practice, 2 separate analyses were performed on a total of 319 cases with follow‐up ranging from 2 to 26 years. The results showed a tendency toward higher success rates in younger patients; the success rate was highest in ATTs performed on immature teeth (about 95%), about 90% in patients younger than 30 years of age and approximately 80% in patients older than 30. The failures were most often caused by replacement resorption (ie, ankylosis‐related resorption). The purpose of this case series was to show successful long‐term outcomes of ATT as well as to provide clinical insights and describe tendencies noted over the course of 30 years of performing ATTs.
The preference–performance relationship as a means of classifying parasitoids according to their specialization degree
Authors: Monticelli Lucie S. , Nguyen Le Thu Ha , Amiens‐Desneux Edwige , Luo Chen , Lavoir Anne‐violette , Gatti Jean‐Luc , Desneux Nicolas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHost range in parasitoids could be described by the preference–performance hypothesis (PPH) where preference is defined as host acceptance and performance is defined as the sum of all species on which parasitoid offspring can complete their life cycle. The PPH predicts that highly suitable hosts will be preferred by ovipositing females. However, generalist parasitoids may not conform to this hypothesis if they attack a large range of hosts of varying suitability. Under laboratory conditions, we tested the PPH relationship of three aphid parasitoids currently considered as generalist species (Aphelinus abdominalis, Aphidius ervi, Diaeretiella rapae). As expected, the three parasitoids species showed low selectivity, i.e., females stung all aphid species encountered (at least in some extent). However, depending on the parasitoid species, only 42%–58% of aphid species enabled producing parasitoid offspring. We did not find a correlation between the extent of preference and the performance of three generalist aphid parasitoids. For A. ervi, host phylogeny is also important as females showed higher attack and developmental rates on hosts closely related to the most suitable one. In addition, traits such as (a) the presence of protective secondary endosymbionts, for example, Hamiltonella defensa detected in Aphis fabae and Metopolophium dirhodum and (b) the sequestration of plant toxins as defense mechanism against parasitism, for example, in Aphis nerii and Brevicoryne brassicae, were likely at play to some extent in narrowing parasitoid host range. The lack of PPH relationship involved a low selectivity leading to a high adaptability, as well as selection pressure; the combination of which enabled the production of offspring in a new host species or a new environment. Testing for PPH relationships in parasitoids may provide useful cues to classify parasitoids in terms of specialization degree.
The effect of random and density‐dependent variation in sampling efficiency on variance of abundance estimates from fishery surveys
Authors: Kotwicki Stan , Ono Kotaro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAbundance indices (AIs) provide information on population abundance and trends over time, while AI variance (AIV) provides information on reliability or quality of the AI. AIV is an important output from surveys and is commonly used in formal assessments of survey quality, in survey comparison studies, and in stock assessments. However, uncertainty in AIV estimates is poorly understood and studies on the precision and bias in survey AIV estimates are lacking. Typically, AIV estimates are “design based” and are derived from sampling theory under some aspect of randomized samples. Inference on population density in these cases can be confounded by unaccounted process errors such as those due to variable sampling efficiency (q). Here, we simulated fish distribution and surveys to assess the effect of q and variance in q on design‐based estimates of AIV. Simulation results show that the bias and precision of AIV depend on the mean q and variance in q. We conclude that to fully evaluate the reliability of AI, both observation error and variability in q must be accounted for when estimating AIV. A decrease in mean q and an increase in the variance in q results in increased bias and decreased precision in survey AIV estimates. These effects are likely small in surveys with mean q ≥ 1. However, for surveys where q ≤ 0.5, these effects can be large. Regardless of the survey type, AIV estimates can be improved with knowledge of q and variance in q.
Perceived Parental Anxiety and Depressive Problems and Emerging Adult Oppositional Defiant Problems: Moderated Mediation by Psychological and Physical Maltreatment and Gender
Authors: Stearns Melanie , McKinney Cliff 
Published: May 2019

Recent studies have argued that Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) problems continue into emerging adulthood; however, few studies have examined ODD problems in this population. Moreover, previous studies have found that corporal punishment mediated the relationship between maternal anxiety/depression and child ODD problems in young children and that parental psychopathology is likely to affect child ODD. This study examined how maternal as well as paternal maltreatment (i.e., psychological and physical) mediated the relationship between parental anxiety/depressive problems and emerging adult ODD problems (i.e., irritability and defiance). Furthermore, child and parent gender were examined as moderators (i.e., moderated mediation). Participants included 1,012 emerging adults who completed questionnaires about parental psychological and physical maltreatment, parental anxiety and depression, and affective and behavioral ODD symptoms. Results suggested that mediation occurred for the father–daughter dyad along the perceived paternal depressive problems → psychological and physical maltreatment → irritability paths and for the mother–son dyad along the perceived maternal depressive and anxiety problems → psychological maltreatment → defiance paths. Given that mediation occurred for only these gender dyads, moderated mediation was suggested.
Management of discolouration following revitalization endodontic procedures: A case series
Authors: Antov H. , Duggal M. S. , Nazzal H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo discuss the causes and management of tooth crown discolouration following regenerative/revitalization endodontic therapy (RET) and to present the decision‐making process affecting three RET‐related cases of crown discolouration.SummaryThis case series outlines several approaches used in the management of post‐RET discolouration. The cases highlight the influence of the material used in creating a coronal seal on the choice and success of the management techniques provided. The first two cases highlight successful management of post‐RET discolouration through the use of internal–external bleaching. The use of internal bleaching in the third case was not recommended; therefore, external bleaching followed by a direct composite veneer was carried out.
Analysis of hard tissue regeneration and Wnt signalling in dental pulp tissues after direct pulp capping with different materials
Authors: Yaemkleebbua K. , Osathanon T. , Nowwarote N. , Limjeerajarus C. N. , Sukarawan W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the involvement of Wnt signalling and cell cycle regulation in hard tissue formation after pulp capping with several materials in a rat molar pinpoint exposure model.MethodologyThirty‐two rat molar pulps were mechanically exposed and assigned to 4 groups according to the pulp capping materials used Ca(OH)2, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), Biodentine™ and an untreated control group. After 4 weeks, the teeth were collected for microcomputed tomography to quantify reparative dentine formation. Histological analysis was then performed to evaluate the quality of the reparative dentine and the dental pulp tissue inflammatory reaction. Cyclin D1 and β‐catenin expression was examined using immunofluorescence staining. The Kruskal–Wallis followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test was performed to determine significant differences.ResultsThe exposed dental pulps treated with Ca(OH)2, MTA and Biodentine™ exhibited reparative dentine formation near the exposure site. Fibrous tissues adjacent to the exposure site were observed in the untreated group. The microcomputed tomography evaluation of MTA and Biodentine™ groups revealed significantly greater reparative dentine formation compared with the control group (P = 0.0032 in the MTA group andP = 0.05 in the BiodentineTMgroup). From histological evaluations, the BiodentineTMgroup exhibited significantly greater reparative dentine formation grading compared with the control group (P = 0.0152). The pulp tissues treated with Ca(OH)2and Biodentine™ exhibited a lower inflammatory score compared with those of the untreated control (P = 0.0291 in the Ca(OH)2andP = 0.0110 in the BiodentineTMgroup). Ca(OH)2, MTA and Biodentine™ induced cyclin D1 expression in the dental pulp tissues adjacent to the reparative dentine. Moreover, the Biodentine™‐treated defects demonstrated β‐catenin expression in the pulp tissue adjacent to the newly formed reparative dentine, which was not observed with the other materials.ConclusionAll test materials promoted dentine bridge formation and stimulated cyclin D1 expression. The favourable outcome after direct pulp capping with Biodentine™ involved Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. However, Wnt/β‐catenin signalling did not participate in the mechanism by which Ca(OH)2and MTA promoted reparative dentine formation.
Encapsulation and protection of resveratrol in kafirin and milk protein nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Muhammad A. , Fang Zheng , Wusigale  , Cheng Hao , Gao Yahui , Deng Zeyuan , Liang Li 
Published: May 2019

SummaryFood proteins have been widely used as carrier materials for the encapsulation of bioactive ingredients. Combination with hydro‐soluble proteins provides better properties to prolamin‐based particles. Kafirin obtained from sorghum belongs to cereal prolamin proteins. In this study, kafirin nanoparticles in the absence and presence of beta‐lactoglobulin (β‐Lg) or casein were prepared for the encapsulation and protection of resveratrol. The particles stabilised by 2% β‐Lg or 0.2% casein were the smallest in size. Encapsulation efficiency of resveratrol was between 67% and 76% in kafirin/milk protein particles and the highest in kafirin/casein particles. Encapsulation in kafirin/milk protein particles improved DPPH˙ scavenging capacity of resveratrol but decreased its ABTS˙+ scavenging capacity. Stability of resveratrol ranked in order kafirin/casein > kafirin/β‐Lg ~ kafirin.