bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoliberal ideas of government and the political empowerment of economists in advanced nation-states: the case of Israel
Authors: Mandelkern Ronen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhat explains the continued political influence of economists, particularly after the 2008 financial crisis? The two commonly cited factors—professional authority and ideational persuasiveness—might seem inadequate as the financial crisis undermined both. This article focuses instead on how the institutionalization of neoliberal ideas of government (NIGs) politically empowered economists before 2008 and supported the preservation of their power afterwards. NIGs are economic theories of authoritative decision-making processes which link economic malaise to democratic political organization and offer prescriptions for rationalization through depoliticization of economic policy-making. Their institutionalization, following the economic crises of the 1970s and 1980s, empowered economists and reflected a transformation in their role in government, from policy experts to policy-makers. While the 2008 crisis has weakened economists’ professional authority and ideational persuasiveness, it has not impaired the institutionalization of their pivotal policy-making position. An historical examination of the Israeli community of economists illustrates this argument.
Lapidus Arthrodesis by an Anatomic Dorsomedial Plate
Authors: Alshalawi Saud , Teoh Kar Hao , Alrashidi Yousef , Galhoum Ahmed E. , Wiewiorski Martin , Herrera-Perez Mario , Barg Alexej , Valderrabano Victor 
Published: May 2019

Background:Arthrodesis of the first tarsometatarsal joint (Lapidus arthrodesis) is a powerful modality for correction of a bunion deformity because it both addresses the instability of the first tarsometatarsal joint and fuses the base of first and second metatarsal. The Lapidus arthrodesis can be modified to fuse only the first tarsometatarsal joint. A comprehensive clinical evaluation and appropriate imaging modalities are essential to ensure the right indications for Lapidus arthrodesis and to provide an excellent surgical outcome.Objectives:The purpose of our study was to present an anatomic dorsomedial low-profile locked compression plate with a dorsal crossing screw, which can be used for both the original and modified Lapidus arthrodesis.Patients and Methods:In total, 24 Lapidus arthrodesis were performed at our institution with the APTUS dorsomedial anatomic angular stable Lapidus plate (Medartis, Switzerland) for the correction of symptomatic bunion deformity. Severity of HV deformity was determined by the Hallux Valgus angle and the Intermetatarsal angle.Results:All original and modified Lapidus arthrodesis healed postoperatively within 3 months. There was significant improvement of radiographic parameters postoperatively with aP-value of <0.05.Conclusions:The Lapidus arthrodesis allows for long-term bunion correction and contributes to the correction of a possible concomitant Pes planovalgus. Modifications to the surgical technique and use of a stable, novel, anatomic locking plate fixation provide high union rates with minimal postoperative complications.
Association of Hepatic Nuclear Factor 4 Alpha Gene Polymorphisms With Free Imatinib Plasma Levels and Adverse Reactions in Chinese Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Patients
Authors: Chen Hanmei , Liu Jing , Zhou Yuhong , Hou Yingyong , Ma Guo , Cai Weimin 
Published: May 2019

Background:
As the first-line treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of imatinib (IM) were characterized by marked interindividual variability. Pharmacogenetics of IM involved metabolic enzymes and transporters have been extensively reported, but the results remained inconsistent. This study investigated the effect of genetic variants in hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α, encoded by gene NR2A1), a pivotal transcriptional regulator of drug disposition genes, on dose-adjusted IM-free plasma levels and related adverse reactions in Chinese GIST patients.

Methods:
Five common polymorphisms of NR2A1 (rs3818247, rs1884613, rs2071197, rs2425640, and rs736824) were genotyped in 70 Chinese GIST patients who had been administered IM 300–600 mg/d. The free IM trough plasma levels were determined based on a method of ultrafiltration coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Results:
There were wide interpatient variations in free plasma levels of IM (range, 9.50–67.50 ng/mL), in which significant sex differences were observed (P < 0.01). The dose-adjusted IM-free plasma levels showed a significant negative correlation with body surface area (r = −0.302, P = 0.012). Although there were no significant effects of NR2A1 polymorphisms on dose-adjusted IM-free plasma levels among the study population, polymorphism in rs736824 was found to be significantly associated with dose-adjusted IM-free plasma levels in male subjects (P = 0.031). For the IM-related adverse reaction, polymorphisms in rs3818247 were found to be significantly associated with periorbital edema (P = 0.032). In addition, no significant correlations were found between IM-free plasma levels and IM-related adverse reactions, except for the correlation of IM-free plasma levels with periorbital edema among male patients (P = 0.013).

Conclusions:
The research demonstrated that NR2A1 polymorphisms may act as contributors of IM pharmacokinetics and responses in Chinese GIST patients. This represents an attractive opportunity for IM therapy optimization, worth testing in clinical trials.
Optic Nerve Tortuosity and Globe Proptosis in Normal and Glaucoma Subjects
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Rumpel Helmut , Baskaran Mani , Tun Tin A. , Strouthidis Nicholas , Perera Shamira A. , Nongpiur Monisha E. , Lim Winston E.H. , Aung Tin , Milea Dan , Girard Michaël J.A. 
Published: May 2019

Précis:
Eyes with glaucoma have tauter optic nerves compared with normal eyes, which may exert more force on the optic nerve head tissues during eye movements.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in optic nerve tortuosity during eye movements and globe proptosis between primary open angle glaucoma and normal subjects using orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods:
Ten Chinese subjects matched for ethnicity and refractive errors were recruited, including 5 normal controls and 5 patients with primary open angle glaucoma. All subjects underwent MRI to assess their optic nerves and globes for 3 eye positions: primary gaze, adduction, and abduction. Optic nerve tortuosity (optic nerve length divided by the distance between 2 ends) and globe proptosis (maximum distance between the cornea and interzygomatic line) were measured from MRI images.

Results:
In adduction, the tortuosity of normal eyes was significantly larger than that of the glaucomatous eyes. Optic nerve tortuosity in adduction in the control and glaucoma groups were 1.004±0.003 (mean±SD) and 1.001±0.001, respectively (P=0.037). Globe proptosis (primary gaze) in glaucoma subjects (19.14±2.11 mm) was significantly higher than that in control subjects (15.32±2.79 mm; P=0.046).

Conclusions:
In this sample, subjects with glaucoma exhibited tauter optic nerves and more protruding eye globes compared with normal eyes. This may impact optic nerve head deformations in anatomically predisposed patients.
Screening for Undetected Depression in Physician Assistant Students
Authors: Cocke Kenzie D. , Klocko David J. , Kindratt Tiffany B. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to measure and compare depressive symptoms among physician assistant students during didactic and clinical phases.

Methods
Students (n = 123) completed the PHQ-9, and responses were scored in 2 ways (PHQ-2 and PHQ-9). First, submissions were deemed positive and assigned a severity if question 1 or 2 scored 3 or above (PHQ-2 method). Second, all submissions were summed and assigned a severity (PHQ-9 method).

Results
Using the PHQ-2 method, 8.13% of students screened positive; using the PHQ-9 method, 98.37% screened positive for at least minimal depression. Almost half (47.15%) of the students reported mild to severe depression. No statistically significant differences were observed in total scores between classes (P = .1849). Statistically significant differences were observed when we examined feeling tired with little energy (P = .0028) and trouble with sleeping (P = .0436).

Conclusions
Implementing routine depression screening of trainees and restricting the number of clinical work hours could help combat increasing fatigue. Earlier intervention and resources for students struggling with depressive symptoms are needed.
Assessment of Oral Anticoagulant Adverse Drug Events Before and After Implementation of a Real-Time Clinical Surveillance Tool
Authors: Daniel Joel W. , Kramer Joan , Burgess L. Hayley 
Published: May 2019

Objective
The aim of the study was to determine the effect on occurrence of oral anticoagulant adverse drug events (ADEs) after implementation of a real-time clinical surveillance tool in a large health system.

Methods
Records of patients receiving an oral anticoagulant during a 6-month period before and after implementation of a real-time clinical surveillance tool were reviewed for 31 hospitals within a nationwide health system. The real-time clinical surveillance tool analyzed clinical data from the electronic medical record and alerted the pharmacist of potential opportunities for patient clinical intervention. Oral anticoagulant administration data, International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition code documentation of ADEs caused by oral anticoagulants, and alert notification data from the real-time clinical surveillance tool were evaluated.

Results
A total of 56,761 patients were included in the study. The oral anticoagulant ADE ratio decreased from 0.69% during the period before implementation of the real-time clinical surveillance tool to 0.41% during the period after implementation (P < 0.001). Most alert notifications and greatest impact on ADE ratio occurred in patients administered a single oral anticoagulant during hospitalization.

Conclusions
Implementation of a real-time clinical surveillance tool prompting pharmacist intervention reduced the oral anticoagulant ADE ratio for the health system.
Progress on combat damage control resuscitation/surgery and its application in the Chinese People's Liberation Army
Authors: Chen Sixu , Yang Jiazhi , Zhang Lin , Yang Lei , Qin Hao , Liu Daocheng , Ye Zhao , Du Wenqiong , Zhong Xin , Zong Zhaowen 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Damage control resuscitation (DCR) and damage control surgery (DCS) has now been developed as a well-established standard of care for severely injured civilian patients worldwide. On the other hand, the application of combat DCR/DCS has saved the lives of thousands of severely injured casualties in several wars during the last two decades. This article describes the great progress on DCR/DCS in the last two decades and its application in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). The main development of the advanced theories of combat DCR/DCS including the global integration of DCR/DCS, application of remote battlefield DCR, balanced hemostatic resuscitation in combat hospitals and enhancement of en route DCR. There are two key factors that determine the feasibility of combat DCR: one is the availability of resources and supplies to implement the advanced theories of combat DCR/DCS, the other is the availability of qualified personnel who master the skills needed for the implementation of DCR/DCS. In the PLA, the advanced theories of combat DCR/DCS have now been widely accepted, and some of related advanced products, such as fresh-frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, and platelets, have been available in Level III medical facilities. In conclusion, great progress in combat DCR/DCS has been achieved in recent years, and the Chinese PLA is keeping good pace with this development, although there is still room for improvement.
Outcomes of open abdomen versus primary closure following emergent laparotomy for suspected secondary peritonitis: A propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Kao Angela M. , Cetrulo Lawrence N. , Baimas-George Maria R. , Prasad Tanushree , Heniford Brant Todd , Davis Bradley R. , Kasten Kevin R. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND
Optimal management following index laparotomy is poorly defined in secondary peritonitis patients. Although “open abdomen” (OA), or temporary abdominal closure with planned relaparotomy, is used to reassess bowel viability or severity of contamination, recent studies demonstrate comparable morbidity and mortality with primary abdominal closure (PC). This study evaluates differences between OA and PC following emergent laparotomy.

METHODS
Using the Premier database at a quaternary care center (2012–2016), nontrauma patients with secondary peritonitis requiring emergent laparotomy were identified (N = 534). Propensity matching for PC (n = 331; 62%) or OA (n = 203; 38%) was performed using variables: Mannheim Peritonitis Index, lactate, and vasopressor requirement. One hundred eleven closely matched pairs (PC:OA) were compared.

RESULTS
Five hundred thirty-four patients (55.0% female; mean age, 59.6 ± 15.5 years) underwent emergent laparotomy. Of the OA patients, 136 (67.0%) had one relaparotomy, while 67 (33.0%) underwent multiple reoperations. Compared to daytime cases, laparotomies performed overnight (6 pm–6 am) had more temporary closures with OA (42.8% OA vs. 57.2% PC, p = 0.04). When assessing by surgeon type, PC was performed in 78.7% of laparotomies by surgical subspecialties compared to 56.7% (p < 0.0001) of acute care surgeons. After propensity matching, OA patients had increased postoperative complications (71.2% vs. 41.4%, p < 0.0001), mortality (22.5% vs. 11.7%, p = 0.006), and longer median length of stay (13 vs. 9 days, p = 0.0001).

CONCLUSION
Open abdomen was performed in 38.0% of patients, with one-third of those requiring multiple reoperations. Complications, mortality rates, and costs associated with OA were significantly increased when compared to PC. Given these findings, future studies are needed to determine appropriate indications for OA.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/care management, level IV.
Clinical implementation of the Humacyte human acellular vessel: Implications for military and civilian trauma care
Authors: Morrison Jonathan J. , McMahon John , DuBose Joseph J. , Scalea Thomas M. , Lawson Jeffrey H. , Rasmussen Todd E. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
The incidence of wartime vascular injury has increased and is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. While ligation remains an option, current resuscitation and damage control techniques have resulted in vascular repair being pursued in more than half of wartime injuries. Options for vascular reconstruction are currently limited to autologous vein or synthetic conduits, choices which have not changed in decades, both of which have problems. Autologous vein is preferable but requires time to harvest and may not be available. Synthetic grafts are poorly resistant to infection and associated with thrombotic complications. Recognizing this capability gap, the US Combat Casualty Care Research Program has partnered with academia and industry to support the development and clinical introduction of a bioengineered human acellular vessel. This human acellular vessel has the potential to be an off-the-shelf conduit that is resistant to infection and incorporates well into native tissues. This report reviews the rationale of this military-civilian partnership in medical innovation and provides an update on the clinical use and ongoing study of this new vascular technology.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, level III.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/nano-Ag-TiO2 membrane DNA electrochemical biosensor
Authors: Zheng Zhongguo , Schultz Lisa , Smith John 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA highly sensitive DNA electrochemical biosensor was prepared based on multi-walled carbon nanotube/nano-Ag-TiO2 composite membrane. The Ag-TiO2 composite is mixed with a suitable amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide to form a uniform and stable mixed solution, which is applied onto the surface of the bare carbon paste electrode. A MWNT/Ag-TiO2 modified carbon paste electrode was prepared. The large specific surface area and good electron transport properties of carbon nanotubes have a good synergistic effect on the good biocompatibility of Ag-TiO2 nanocomposites and excellent adsorption capacity of DNA, which significantly improves the immobilization and DNA hybridization of DNA probes. Detection sensitivity. The preparation of the sensing membrane and the immobilization and hybridization of DNA were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The exogenous glufosinate acetyltransferase gene fragment of transgenic plants was detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The linear range was 1. 0 × 10 - 11 ∼1. 0 × 10 - 6 mol / L. The detection limit was 3. 12 × 10 - 12 mol / L.
Time-resolved genome-scale profiling reveals a causal expression network
Authors: Hackett Sean R. , Baltz Edward A. , Coram Marc , Wranik Bernd J. , Kim Griffin , Baker Adam , Fan Minjie , Hendrickson David G. , Berndl Marc , McIsaac R. Scott 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present an approach for inferring genome-wide regulatory causality and demonstrate its application on a yeast dataset constructed by independently inducing hundreds of transcription factors and measuring timecourses of the resulting gene expression responses. We discuss the regulatory cascades in detail for a single transcription factor, Aft1; however, we have 201 TF induction timecourses that include >100,000 signal-containing dynamic responses. From a single TF induction timecourse we can often discriminate the direct from the indirect effects of the induced TF. Across our entire dataset, however, we find that the majority of expression changes are indirectly driven by unknown regulators. By integrating all timecourses into a single whole-cell transcriptional model, potential regulators of each gene can be predicted without incorporating prior information. In doing so, the indirect effects of a TF are understood as a series of direct regulatory predictions that capture how regulation propagates over time to create a causal regulatory network. This approach, which we call CANDID (Causal Attribution Networks Driven by Induction Dynamics), resulted in the prediction of multiple transcriptional regulators that were validated experimentally.
MCSS-based Predictions of Binding Mode and Selectivity of Nucleotide Ligands
Authors: González-Alemán Roy , Chevrollier Nicolas , Simoes Manuel , Montero-Cabrera Luis , Leclerc Fabrice 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComputational fragment-based approaches are widely used in drug design and drug discovery. One of the limitations of their application is the lack of performance of docking methods, mainly the scoring functions. With the emergence of new fragment-based approaches for single-stranded RNA ligands, we propose an analysis of an MCSS-based approach evaluated for its docking power on nucleotide-binding sites. Hybrid solvent models based on some partial explicit representation are shown to improve docking and screening powers. Clustering of the n best-ranked poses can also contribute to a lesser extent to better performance. The results suggest that we can apply the approach to the fragment-based design of sequence-selective oligonucleotides.
Recombining your way out of trouble: The genetic architecture of hybrid fitness under environmental stress
Authors: Zhang Zebin , Bendixsen Devin P. , Janzen Thijs , Nolte Arne W. , Greig Duncan , Stelkens Rike 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHybridization between species is a fundamental evolutionary force that can both promote and delay adaptation. There is a deficit in our understanding of the genetic basis of hybrid fitness, especially in non-domesticated organisms. We also know little about how hybrid fitness changes as a function of environmental stress. Here, we made genetically variable F2 hybrid populations from two divergentSaccharomycesyeast species, exposed populations to ten toxins, and sequenced the most resilient hybrids on low coverage using ddRADseq. We expected to find strong negative epistasis and heterozygote advantage in the hybrid genomes. We investigated three aspects of hybridness: 1) hybridity, 2) interspecific heterozygosity, and 3) epistasis (positive or negative associations between non-homologous chromosomes). Linear mixed effect models revealed strong genotype-by-environment interactions with many chromosomes and chromosomal interactions showing species-biased content depending on the environment. Against our predictions, we found extensive selection against heterozygosity such that homozygous allelic combinations from the same species were strongly overrepresented in an otherwise hybrid genomic background. We also observed multiple cases of positive epistasis between chromosomes from opposite species, confirmed by epistasis- and selection-free simulations, which is surprising given the large divergence of the parental species (~15% genome-wide). Together, these results suggest that stress-resilient hybrid genomes can be assembled from the best features of both parents, without paying high costs of negative epistasis across large evolutionary distances. Our findings illustrate the importance of measuring genetic trait architecture in an environmental context when determining the evolutionary potential of hybrid populations.
RSAT Var-tools: an accessible and flexible framework to predict the impact of regulatory variants on transcription factor binding
Authors: Santana-Garcia Walter , Rocha-Acevedo Maria , Ramirez-Navarro Lucia , Mbouamboua Yvon , Thieffry Denis , Thomas-Chollier Morgane , Contreras-Moreira Bruno , van Helden Jacques , Medina-Rivera Alejandra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGene regulatory regions contain short and degenerated DNA sites recognized by transcription factors (TFs). When such regions harbor SNPs, the DNA motifs where TFs bind may be affected, thereby altering the transcriptional regulation of the target genes. Such regulatory SNPs have been implicated as causal variants in GWAS studies. In this study, we describe the application of the programs Var-tools designed to predict regulatory variants, and present four case studies to illustrate their usage and applications. In brief, Var-tools facilitate i) obtaining variation information, ii) interconversion of variation file formats, iii) retrieval of sequences surrounding variants, and iv) calculating the change on predicted TF affinity scores between alleles, using motif scanning approaches. Notably, the tools support the analysis of haplotypes. The tools are included within the well-maintained suite Regulatory Sequence Analysis Tools (RSAT, http://rsat.eu), and accessible through a web interface that currently enables analysis of five metazoa and ten plant genomes. Vart-tools can also be used in command-line with any locally-installed Ensembl genome. Users can input personal collections of variants and motifs, providing flexibility in the analysis.