bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Welan Gum on Cement Paste Containing PCE Superplasticizers with Different Charge Densities
Authors: Wang Fang , Wang Dongmin , Wang Qibao , Yu Jie , Shi Jiajia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAs a renewable materials, welan gum is microbial biopolymer which is fermented by bacteria. It is widely used in self‐compacting concrete because of its excellent rheological properties. After adding welan gum, the fluidity of cement will decrease rapidly. So it needs to be used together with superplasticizer. Two polycarboxylate superplasticizer with the acid/ether radio of 2 (PC‐2)and with the acid/ether radio of 6 (PC‐6)were synthesized. By FTIR measurements, carboxyl functional groups exists in the dialysed polymer. The specific anionic charge density measurement shows that PC‐6 provide more COO− than PC‐2 in alkaline solution. And TOC test analysis shows that the adsorbed amount of PC‐6 is higher than PC‐2 with low anionic charge density. PC‐6 with the higher COO− seems to be more affected by welan gum than PC‐2. From the rheological properties of cement paste mixed with PCEs and welan gum, it can be concluded that the addition of welan gum aggravates the trend of shear thickening. Hydration heat flow at different temperatures indicates the selected welan gum is capable of retarding early cement hydration even in high temperatures. Finally, the film forming property of the welan gum was initially studied through water loss rate test, and the film formation mechanism needs to be studied in the future.
A Novel One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction for Rapid Access of Arylidene 2‐Aminoimidazolone Derivatives
Authors: Hanif Aansa , Sardar Aniqa , Alazmi Meshari , Tariq Haniya , Emwas Abdul‐Hamid , Gao Xin , Chotana Ghayoor Abbas , Zaib Saleem Rahman Shah 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA simple and convenient one‐pot reaction for the synthesis of arylidene 2‐aminoimidazolone derivatives from structurally diverse benzaldehydes, amines and 2‐(methylthio)‐1H‐imidazol‐4(5H)‐one is described. The reaction offers flexibility of use of electron‐rich and electron‐deficient benzaldehydes and mono and di‐substituted amines for the rapid development of combinatorial library.
Rapid, Simple and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Alkylation of 6‐Acetyl‐2H‐Benzo[e][1, 3] Oxazine‐2, 4(3H)‐Dione
Authors: Gojiya Dinesh G. , Vekariya Mitesh B. , Kapupara Vimal H. , Bhatt Tejal D. , Kalavadiya Prakash L. , Joshi Hitendra S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA simple, efficient and eco‐friendly method has been developed for the synthesis of biologically active alkyl derivatives of 6‐acetyl‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazine‐2,4(3H)‐dione by using microwave irradiations. The N‐alkylation of 6‐acetyl‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazine‐2,4(3H)‐dione with substituted alkyl derivatives under microwave radiations in presence of Tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium bromide as a phase transfer catalyst to give the desired products. Comparison between conventional and microwave‐assisted synthesis revealed that it reduced the reaction time, improve the yield and purity of 6‐acetyl‐3‐(substituted alkyl)‐2H‐benzo[e][1,3]oxazine‐2,4(3H)‐diones analog molecules. All the final compounds were characterized by FT‐IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, HRMS and Mass spectroscopic analysis, also succeeded to develop and analyze the single crystal XRD of compound 4 f. The antimicrobial evaluation studies show moderate activities against used microbes.
Value creation and value appropriation in public and nonprofit organizations
Authors: Cabral Sandro , Mahoney Joseph T. , McGahan Anita M. , Potoski Matthew 
Published: February 2019

Research SummaryIn recent years, strategy scholarship expanded its scope beyond the realm of private firms. Despite notable advances, the field still lacks theoretical and empirical frameworks for fully understanding how public and nonprofit organizations interact with private firms to create and appropriate value. By recognizing the inherent complexity of interactions between organizations with different purposes and the existing challenges for designing effective governance arrangements, we assess how recent scholarship addresses some dilemmas related to both private and public value creation. Based on the extant literature and on some novel aspects raised by the articles in this issue, we also propose a framework to advance strategy research in the field. We emphasize the importance of stakeholder management capabilities among public, private, and nonprofit organizations in pursuit of enhanced public value and continuous support from appreciative stakeholders.Managerial SummaryDespite abundant examples of governance arrangements involving public, private, and nonprofit organizations (e.g., public‐private partnerships and alliances involving NGOs, firms, multilateral organizations, public contracting, and so on), the strategic management field has only recently given attention to value creation and value appropriation beyond the scope of private organizations. Here we connect strategic management and public management to identify relevant dimensions that shape value‐creating strategies and underpinning outcomes in public‐private‐nonprofit interactions. We highlight that public value arises from private interests and that the dynamic of value creation and value appropriation in activities involving the public interest can be influenced by not only resource endowments and organizational capabilities but also by the way organizations address and manage stakeholder expectations.
Translucent Photodetector with Blended Nanowires–Metal Oxide Transparent Selective Electrode Utilizing Photovoltaic and Pyro‐Phototronic Coupling Effect
Authors: Abbas Sohail , Kumar Mohit , Kim Dong‐Wook , Kim Joondong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZnO is a potential candidate for photodetection utilizing the pyroelectric effect. Here, a self‐biased and translucent photodetector with the configuration of Cu4O3/ZnO/FTO/Glass is designed and fabricated. In addition, the pyroelectric effect is effectively harvested using indium tin oxide (ITO), silver nanowires (AgNWs), and a blend of AgNWs‐coated ITO as the transparent selective contact electrode. The improved rise times are observed from 1400 µs (bare condition; without the selective electrode) to 69, 60, 7 µs, and fall times from 720 µs (bare condition) to 80, 70, 10 µs for corresponding ITO, AgNWs, and AgNWs‐coated ITO contact electrodes, respectively. Similarly, the responsivity and detectivity are enhanced by about 4.39 × 107 and 5.27 × 105%, respectively. An energy band diagram is proposed to explain the underlying working mechanism based on the workfunction of the ITO (4.7 eV) and AgNWs (4.57 eV) as measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy, which confirms the formation of type‐II band alignment resulting in the efficient transport of photogenerated charge carriers. The functional use of the transparent selective contact electrode can effectively harness the pyro‐phototronic effect for next‐generation transparent and flexible optoelectronic applications.
Few‐Layered Tin Sulfide Nanosheets Supported on Reduced Graphene Oxide as a High‐Performance Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Lingzhe , Xu Jing , Sun Shuo , Lin Baowei , Guo Qiubo , Luo Da , Xia Hui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnodes involving conversion and alloying reaction mechanisms are attractive for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to their high theoretical capacities. However, serious volume change and metal aggregation upon potassiation/depotassiation usually cause poor electrochemical performance. Herein, few‐layered SnS2 nanosheets supported on reduced graphene oxide (SnS2@rGO) are fabricated and investigated as anode material for PIBs, showing high specific capacity (448 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1), high rate capability (247 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1), and improved cycle performance (73% capacity retention after 300 cycles). In this composite electrode, SnS2 nanosheets undergo sequential conversion (SnS2 to Sn) and alloying (Sn to K4Sn23, KSn) reactions during potassiation/depotassiation, giving rise to a high specific capacity. Meanwhile, the hybrid ultrathin nanosheets enable fast K storage kinetics and excellent structure integrity because of fast electron/ionic transportation, surface capacitive‐dominated charge storage mechanism, and effective accommodation for volume variation. This work demonstrates that K storage performance of alloy and conversion‐based anodes can be remarkably promoted by subtle structure engineering.
The Effect of Materials Architecture in TiO2/MOF Composites on CO2 Photoreduction and Charge Transfer
Authors: Crake Angus , Christoforidis Konstantinos C. , Gregg Aoife , Moss Benjamin , Kafizas Andreas , Petit Camille 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCO2 photoreduction to C1/C1+ energized molecules is a key reaction of solar fuel technologies. Building heterojunctions can enhance photocatalysts performance, by facilitating charge transfer between two heterojunction phases. The material parameters that control this charge transfer remain unclear. Here, it is hypothesized that governing factors for CO2 photoreduction in gas phase are: i) a large porosity to accumulate CO2 molecules close to catalytic sites and ii) a high number of “points of contact” between the heterojunction components to enhance charge transfer. The former requirement can be met by using porous materials; the latter requirement by controlling the morphology of the heterojunction components. Hence, composites of titanium oxide or titanate and metal–organic framework (MOF), a highly porous material, are built. TiO2 or titanate nanofibers are synthesized and MOF particles are grown on the fibers. All composites produce CO under UV–vis light, using H2 as reducing agent. They are more active than their component materials, e.g., ≈9 times more active than titanate. The controlled composites morphology is confirmed and transient absorption spectroscopy highlights charge transfer between the composite components. It is demonstrated that electrons transfer from TiO2 into the MOF, and holes from the MOF into TiO2, as the MOF induces band bending in TiO2.
A new craniid brachiopod genus from the terminal Ordovician Hirnantia fauna of Myanmar and South China
Authors: Chen Di , Rong Jiayu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHirnantian costate craniides are rare in the world; many have only been defined using open taxonomic nomenclature and assigned to the genera Acanthocrania and Philhedra. New material from South China and Myanmar allows establishment of a new genus, Xenocrania, including its type species Palaeocyclus? haimei Reed from the Hirnantia fauna in northern Shan State, Myanmar. This genus is characterized by a unique ornamentation with a large degree of intraspecific variation in sympatric and allopatric populations. Three types of ornamentation (A, B and C) are recognized within the same population of this species, and even on the same individual. Based on this high degree of variation, we consider Xenocrania haimei and Acanthocrania yichangensis Zeng from the Hirnantia fauna of Yichang, western Hubei, South China to be conspecific. X. haimei was probably an opportunistic species, exhibiting considerable significant phenotypic pleiotropy (exemplified by a highly variable ornament) in response to severe ecological stress, particularly during the end Ordovician crisis, enabling the species to survive the extinction event. Geographically, Xenocrania gen. nov. occurs not only in the Hirnantia fauna of Myanmar (Sibumasu) and South China, but also in England (Avalonia), Poland (Baltica) and probably also Bohemia (Perunica). A further reassessment of many nominal or indeterminate taxa of Ordovician and Silurian craniides tentatively attributed to Philhedra, Acanthocrania and other related genera is needed.
Lack of experience‐dependent intrinsic plasticity in the adolescent infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Koppensteiner Peter , Galvin Christopher , Ninan Ipe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFear extinction, an inhibitory learning that suppresses a previously learned fear memory, is diminished during adolescence. Earlier studies have shown that this suppressed fear extinction during adolescence involves an altered glutamatergic plasticity in infralimbic medial prefrontal cortical (IL‐mPFC) pyramidal neurons. However, it is unclear whether the excitability of IL‐mPFC pyramidal neurons plays a role in this development‐dependent suppression of fear extinction. Therefore, we examined whether fear conditioning and extinction affect the active and passive membrane properties of IL‐mPFC layer 5 pyramidal neurons in preadolescent, adolescent and adult mice. Both preadolescent and adult mice exhibited a bidirectional modulation of the excitability of IL‐mPFC layer 5 pyramidal neurons following fear conditioning and extinction, i.e., fear conditioning reduced membrane excitability, whereas fear extinction reversed this effect. However, the fear conditioning‐induced suppression of excitability was not reversed in adolescent mice following fear extinction training. Neither fear conditioning nor extinction affected GABAergic transmission in IL‐mPFC layer 5 pyramidal neurons, suggesting that GABAergic transmission did not play a role in experience‐dependent modulation of neuronal excitability. Our results suggest that the extinction‐specific modulation of excitability is impaired during adolescence.
The End of Epicurean Infinity: Critical Reflections on the Epicurean Infinite Universe
Authors: Bakker Frederik A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn contrast to other ancient philosophers, Epicurus and his followers famously maintained the infinity of matter, and consequently of worlds. This was inferred from the infinity of space, because they believed that a limited amount of matter would inevitably be scattered through infinite space, and hence be unable to meet and form stable compounds. By contrast, the Stoics claimed that there was only a finite amount of matter in infinite space, which stayed together because of a general centripetal tendency. The Roman Epicurean poet Lucretius tried to defend the Epicurean conception of infinity against this Stoic alternative view, but not very convincingly. One might suspect, therefore, that the Epicureans’ adherence to the infinity of matter was not so much dictated by physical arguments as it was motivated by other, mostly theological and ethical, concerns. More specifically, the infinity of atoms and worlds was used as a premise in several arguments against divine intervention in the universe. The infinity of worlds was claimed to rule out divine intervention directly, while the infinity of atoms lent plausibility to the chance formation of worlds. Moreover, the infinity of atoms and worlds was used to ensure the truth of multiple explanations, which was presented by Epicurus as the only way to ward off divine intervention in the realm of celestial phenomena. However, it will be argued that in all of these arguments the infinity of matter is either unnecessary or insufficient for reaching the desired conclusion.
Implementing an interprofessional narrative medicine program in academic clinics: Feasibility and program evaluation
Authors: Gowda Deepthiman , Curran Tayla , Khedagi Apurva , Mangold Michael , Jiwani Faiz , Desai Urmi , Charon Rita , Balmer Dorene 
Published: February 2019

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a critical component of medical education and is affected by the characteristics of the clinical teams in which students and residents train. However, clinical teams are often shaped by professional silos and hierarchies which may hinder interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). Narrative medicine, a branch of health humanities that focuses on close reading, reflective writing, and sharing in groups, could be an innovative approach for improving IPE and IPCP. In this report, we describe the structure, feasibility, and a process-oriented program evaluation of a narrative medicine program implemented in interprofessional team meetings in three academic primary care clinics. Program evaluation revealed that a year-long narrative medicine program with modest monthly exposure was feasible in academic clinical settings. Staff members expressed engagement and acceptability as well as support for ongoing implementation. Program success required administrative buy-in and sustainability may require staff training in narrative medicine.
High-Index-Faceted Ni3S2 Branch Arrays as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Deng Shengjue , Zhang Kaili , Xie Dong , Zhang Yan , Zhang Yongqi , Wang Yadong , Wu Jianbo , Wang Xiuli , Fan Hong Jin , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor efficient electrolysis of water for hydrogen generation or other value-added chemicals, it is highly relevant to develop low-temperature synthesis of low-cost and high-efficiency metal sulfide electrocatalysts on a large scale. Herein, we construct a new core–branch array and binder-free electrode by growing Ni3S2 nanoflake branches on an atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) TiO2 skeleton. Through induced growth on the ALD-TiO2 backbone, cross-linked Ni3S2 nanoflake branches with exposed {$$\bar{2}10$$

2

¯

10

} high-index facets are uniformly anchored to the preformed TiO2 core forming an integrated electrocatalyst. Such a core–branch array structure possesses large active surface area, uniform porous structure, and rich active sites of the exposed {$$\bar{2}10$$

2

¯

10

} high-index facet in the Ni3S2 nanoflake. Accordingly, the TiO2@Ni3S2 core/branch arrays exhibit remarkable electrocatalytic activities in an alkaline medium, with lower overpotentials for both oxygen evolution reaction (220 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and hydrogen evolution reaction (112 mV at 10 mA cm−2), which are better than those of other Ni3S2 counterparts. Stable overall water splitting based on this bifunctional electrolyzer is also demonstrated.
Economic Development and the“Social Rights Hypothesis”: Regulating Labour Standards in China
Authors: ZOU Mimi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper provides a critical account of the various roles that labour-law regulation has played in China’s transition to a market-oriented economy. The analysis aims to contribute new insights to an ongoing debate on the relationship between economic development and legal rules and institutions in China. Discussions of social and labour rights have been on the periphery of a debate that has focused on property and contract rights (the so-called “Rights Hypothesis”). While numerous scholars have sought to debunk the explanatory power of the “Rights Hypothesis” in the case of China, I put forward an alternative “Social Rights Hypothesis.” My proposed hypothesis seeks to explain how labour-law rules and institutions have co-evolved with the emergence of a labour market in China’s economic development. Specifically, labour law has played not only a market-constituting role, but also market-corrective and market-limiting functions.
The teams of early-career investigators: A qualitative pilot study
Authors: Norman Marie K. , Hamm Megan E. , Mayowski Colleen A. , Schenker Yael , Kapoor Wishwa N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Early team experiences can influence the professional trajectories of early-career investigators profoundly, yet they remain underexplored in the team science literature, which has focused primarily on large, multisite teams led by established researchers. To better understand the unique challenges of teams led by early-career investigators, we conducted a qualitative pilot study.Methods: Interviews were conducted with the principal investigator and members of 5 teams led by KL2 and K12 scholars at the University of Pittsburgh. A code book was developed and thematic analysis was conducted.Results: Seven distinct themes emerged. Interview subjects reported a high level of trust and strong communication patterns on their teams; however, the data also suggested underlying tensions that have the potential to escalate into larger problems if unaddressed.Conclusions: This study yields a deeper understanding of teams led by early-career investigators, which can help us provide appropriately targeted training and support.
A matched cohort examination of publication rates among clinical subspecialty fellows enrolled in a translational science training program
Authors: Ehlers Shawna L. , Cornelius Katherine E. , Greenberg-Worisek Alexandra J. , Warner David O. , Weavers Karen M. , Thomson Kelly R. , Hansen Marissa J. , Larson Joseph J. , Enders Felicity T. , Iyer Prasad G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study examined the effectiveness of a formal postdoctoral education program designed to teach skills in clinical and translational science, using scholar publication rates as a measure of research productivity.MethodParticipants included 70 clinical fellows who were admitted to a master’s or certificate training program in clinical and translational science from 1999 to 2015 and 70 matched control peers. The primary outcomes were the number of publications 5 years post-fellowship matriculation and time to publishing 15 peer-reviewed manuscripts post-matriculation.ResultsClinical and translational science program graduates published significantly more peer-reviewed manuscripts at 5 years post-matriculation (median 8 vs 5, p=0.041) and had a faster time to publication of 15 peer-reviewed manuscripts (matched hazard ratio = 2.91, p=0.002). Additionally, program graduates’ publications yielded a significantly higher average H-index (11 vs. 7, p=0.013).ConclusionThese findings support the effectiveness of formal training programs in clinical and translational science by increasing academic productivity.
Experimental research on ultrasound-assisted underwater femtosecond laser drilling
Authors: Sun Xiaoyan , Zhou Jianhang , Duan Ji-An , Du Haifeng , Cui Dongmei , Hu Youwang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn order to diminish the occurrence of cavitation bubbles during the liquid-assisted laser machining, ultrasound-assisted underwater femtosecond laser drilling on stainless steel is adopted. This method greatly diminishes the optical disturbance of cavitation bubbles. By investigating and analyzing the effect of laser pulse energy and pulse number on the morphology of the holes, it has been found that ultrasound not only has a remarkable function of forming a hole with clean and flat bottom, but also reduces debris redeposition around the processing area. This method improves the machining quality. Besides, it also improves the depth-to-diameter ratio of the hole about 20%.
Fragmented Landscape, Fragmented Knowledge: A Synthesis of Renosterveld Ecology and Conservation
Authors: Topp Emmeline N , Loos Jacqueline 
Published: February 2019

SummaryKnowledge of ecological patterns and processes is key to effective conservation of biodiversity hotspots under threat. Renosterveld is one of the most critically endangered habitats in the biologically unique Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. For the first time, we map and synthesize the current state of knowledge on renosterveld ecology and conservation. We investigated 132 studies for the themes, locations and taxa of renosterveld research and the fragmentation, threats, recommendations and barriers to renosterveld conservation. More studies focused on plants than any other taxa (48% of articles) and are conducted mostly in larger, intact renosterveld fragments. The most commonly identified threat to renosterveld was agricultural intensification; conservation recommendations spanned improved farming practices, formal protection and local patch management. Conservation implementation has been piecemeal and has depended largely on the goodwill of landowners, which can be constrained by costs of conservation measures and a lack of suitable restoration means. Citizen science is a promising potential solution to some barriers. Fragmented knowledge in such a transformed and relatively densely populated region highlights the scale of knowledge gaps for other biodiversity hotspots and has implications for ongoing conservation work.