bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High potassium seawater inhibits ascidian sperm chemotaxis, but does not affect the male gamete chemotaxis of a brown alga
Authors: Kinoshita-Terauchi Nana , Shiba Kogiku , Terauchi Makoto , Romero Francisco , Ramírez-Gómez Héctor Vincente , Yoshida Manabu , Motomura Taizo , Kawai Hiroshi , Nishigaki Takuya 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMale gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete is a general strategy to facilitate the sexual reproduction in many marine eukaryotes. Biochemical studies of chemoattractants for male gametes of brown algae have advanced in the 1970s and 1980s, but the molecular mechanism of male gamete responses to the attractants remains elusive. In sea urchin, a K+channel called the tetraKCNG channel plays a fundamental role in sperm chemotaxis and inhibition of K+efflux through this channel by high K+seawater blocks almost all cell responses to the chemoattractant. This signalling mechanism could be conserved in marine invertebrates as tetraKCNG channels are conserved in the marine invertebrates that exhibit sperm chemotaxis. We confirmed that high K+seawater also inhibited sperm chemotaxis in ascidian,Ciona intestinalis(robusta), in this study. Conversely, the male gamete chemotaxis towards the female gamete of a brown alga,Mutimo cylindricus, was preserved even in high K+seawater. This result indicates that none of the K+channels is essential for male gamete chemotaxis in the brown alga, suggesting that the signalling mechanism for chemotaxis in this brown alga is quite different from that of marine invertebrates. Correlated to this result, we revealed that the channels previously proposed as homologues of tetraKCNG in brown algae have a distinct domain composition from that of the tetraKCNG. Namely, one of them possesses two repeats of the six transmembrane segments (diKCNG) instead of four. The structural analysis suggests that diKCNG is a cyclic nucleotide-modulated and/or voltage-gated K+channel.
Combining n-grams and deep convolutional features for language variety classification
Authors: Martinc Matej , Pollak Senja 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a novel neural architecture capable of outperforming state-of-the-art systems on the task of language variety classification. The architecture is a hybrid that combines character-based convolutional neural network (CNN) features with weighted bag-of-n-grams (BON) features and is therefore capable of leveraging both character-level and document/corpus-level information. We tested the system on the Discriminating between Similar Languages (DSL) language variety benchmark data set from the VarDial 2017 DSL shared task, which contains data from six different language groups, as well as on two smaller data sets (the Arabic Dialect Identification (ADI) Corpus and the German Dialect Identification (GDI) Corpus, from the VarDial 2016 ADI and VarDial 2018 GDI shared tasks, respectively). We managed to outperform the winning system in the DSL shared task by a margin of about 0.4 percentage points and the winning system in the ADI shared task by a margin of about 0.2 percentage points in terms of weighted F1 score without conducting any language group-specific parameter tweaking. An ablation study suggests that weighted BON features contribute more to the overall performance of the system than the CNN-based features, which partially explains the uncompetitiveness of deep learning approaches in the past VarDial DSL shared tasks. Finally, we have implemented our system in a workflow, available in the ClowdFlows platform, in order to make it easily available also to the non-programming members of the research community.
Caffeinated energy drinks: adverse event reports to the US Food and Drug Administration and the National Poison Data System, 2008 to 2015
Authors: Markon André O , Jones Olivia E , Punzalan Cecile M , Lurie Peter , Wolpert Beverly 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjective:To describe and compare caffeinated energy drink adverse event (AE) report/exposure call data from the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition’s Adverse Event Reporting System (CAERS) and the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS).Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Data were evaluated from US-based CAERS reports and NPDS exposure calls, including report/exposure call year, age, sex, location, single v. multiple product consumption, outcome, symptom, intentionality (NPDS only), report type, product name (CAERS only).Participants:The analysis defined participants (cases) by the number of caffeinated energy drink products indicated in each AE report or exposure call. Single product cases included 357 from CAERS and 12 822 from NPDS; multiple product cases included 153 from CAERS and 931 from NPDS.Results:CAERS v. NPDS single product cases were older and more frequently indicated serious symptoms. Multiple v. single product consumers were older in both. In CAERS, unlike NPDS, most multiple product consumers were female. CAERS single v. multiple product reports cited higher proportions of life-threatening events, but less often indicated hospitalization and serious events. NPDS multiple v. single product cases involved fewer ≤5-year-olds and were more often intentional.Conclusions:Despite limitations, both data sources contribute to post-market surveillance and improve understanding of public health concerns.
Does characterising patterns of multimorbidity in stroke matter for developing collaborative care approaches in primary care?
Authors: Aquino Maria Raisa Jessica (Ryc) V , Turner Grace M , Mant Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) remain leading causes of mortality and morbidity globally. Although mortality rates have been in decline, the number of people affected by stroke has risen. These patients have a range of long-term needs and often present to primary care. Furthermore, many of these patients have multimorbidities which increase the complexity of their healthcare. Long-term impacts from stroke/TIA along with care needs for other morbidities can be challenging to address because care can involve different healthcare professionals, both specialist and generalist. In the ideal model of care, such professionals would work collaboratively to provide care. Despite the commonality of multimorbidity in stroke/TIA, gaps in the literature remain, particularly limited knowledge of pairings or clusters of comorbid conditions and the extent to which these are interrelated. Moreover, integrated care practices are less well understood and remain variable in practice. This article argues that it is important to understand (through research) patterns of multimorbidity, including number, common clusters and types of comorbidities, and current interprofessional practice to inform future directions to improve long-term care.
Predator-prey behaviour in self-replicating interstellar probes
Authors: Forgan Duncan H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe concept of a rapid spread of self-replicating interstellar probes (SRPs) throughout the Milky Way adds considerable strength to Fermi's Paradox. A single civilization creating a single SRP is sufficient for a fleet of SRPs to grow and explore the entire Galaxy on timescales much shorter than the age of the Earth – so why do we see no signs of such probes? One solution to this Paradox suggests that self-replicating probes eventually undergo replication errors and evolve into predator-prey populations, reducing the total number of probes and removing them from our view.I apply Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey competition to interstellar probes navigating a network of stars in the Galactic Habitable Zone to investigate this scenario. I find that depending on the local growth mode of both populations and the flow of predators/prey between stars, there are many stable solutions with relatively large numbers of prey probes inhabiting the Milky Way. The solutions can exhibit the classic oscillatory pattern of Lotka-Volterra systems, but this depends sensitively on the input parameters. Typically, local and global equilibria are established with prey sometimes outnumbering the predators. Accordingly, we find this solution to Fermi's Paradox does not reduce the probe population sufficiently to be viable.
Moral challenges of going to Mars under the presence of non-intelligent life scenario
Authors: Chon-Torres Octavio A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMuch is discussed what would be the ideal position in terms of our ethical treatment with respect to other forms of life, particularly those that can be discovered in other worlds, in addition to our role in terms of the expansion of terrestrial life in the universe. This represents a great philosophical challenge, but what if we should make a moral decision in the face of the inevitable situation of being forced to colonize, for example, Mars? Is there a position in which we can feel safe to act legitimately? This paper tries to force us into a mental and conceptual exercise about what can really be worth beyond the concept or the positions we may have and analyse them in light of the practicality that decision making requires in this problem.
Exposure to low Earth orbit of an extreme-tolerant cyanobacterium as a contribution to lunar astrobiology activities
Authors: Billi Daniela , Mosca Claudia , Fagliarone Claudia , Napoli Alessandro , Verseux Cyprien , Baqué Mickael , de Vera Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy investigating the survival and the biomarker detectability of a rock-inhabiting cyanobacterium, Chroococcidiopsis sp. CCMEE 029, the BIOMEX space experiment might contribute to a future exploitation of the Moon as a test-bed for key astrobiology tasks such as the testing of life-detection technologies and the study of life in space. Post-flight analyses demonstrated that the mixing of dried cells with sandstone and a lunar regolith simulant provided protection against space UV radiation. During the space exposure, dried cells not mixed with minerals were killed by 2.05 × 102 kJ m−2 of UV radiation, while cells mixed with sandstone or lunar regolith survived 1.59 × 102 and 1.79 × 102 kJ m−2, respectively. No differences in survival occurred among cells mixed and not mixed with minerals and exposed to space conditions in the dark; this finding suggests that space vacuum and 0.5 Gy of ionizing radiation did not impair the cells’ presence in space. The genomic DNA of dead cells was severely damaged but still detectable with PCR amplification of a short target, thus suggesting that short sequences should be targeted in a PCR-based approach when searching for traces of life. The enhanced stability of genomic DNA of dried cells mixed with minerals and exposed to space indicates that DNA might still be detectable after prolonged periods, possibly up to millions of years in microbes shielded by minerals. Overall, the BIOMEX results contribute to future experiments regarding the exposure of cells and their biomarkers to deep space conditions in order to further test the lithopanspermia hypothesis, the biomarker stability and the microbial endurance, with implications for planetary protection and to determine if the Moon has been contaminated during past human missions.
Female ponderal index at birth and idiopathic infertility
Authors: Dupont Charlotte , Hulot Audrey , Jaffrezic Florence , Faure Céline , Czernichow Sébastien , di Clemente Nathalie , Racine Chrystele , Chavatte-Palmer Pascale , Lévy Rachel ,   Alifert group
Published: July 2019

AbstractEpidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk of developing non-transmittable diseases in adults subjected to adverse early developmental conditions. Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases have been the focus of most studies. Nevertheless, data from animal models also suggest early programming of fertility. In humans, it is difficult to assess the impact of the in utero environment retrospectively. Birthweight is commonly used as an indirect indicator of intrauterine development. This research is part of the ALIFERT study. We investigated a potential link between ponderal index at birth and female fertility in adulthood. Data from 51 infertile and 74 fertile women were analysed. BW was on average higher in infertile women, whereas birth length did not differ between the two groups; thus, resulting in a significantly higher ponderal index at birth in infertile women. Ponderal index at birth has been identified as a risk factor for infertility. These results suggest the importance of the intra-uterine environment, not only for long-term metabolic health but also for fertility.
The Influence of Geomagnetic Storm of 7‐8 September 2017 on the Swarm Precise Orbit Determination
Authors: Zhang Keke , Li Xingxing , Xiong Chao , Meng Xiangguang , Li Xin , Yuan Yongqiang , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe analyze a recent geomagnetic storm event on 7‐8 September 2017 to investigate the impact of geomagnetic storm on the precise orbit determination (POD) of Swarm constellation. The storm time performance of POD is analyzed. The quality of Swarm orbits are severely degraded during the storm main phase on 8 September and the maximum precision degradation reached over 10 cm. The enhanced thermospheric mass density at Swarm altitude during the storm enlarges the atmosphere drag for low Earth orbit satellites, which makes main contributions to the storm time degradation of Swarm orbit. This negative effect of enhanced atmosphere drag on the orbit estimation is mostly suppressed by estimating a more frequent atmosphere drag parameter. The higher‐order ionospheric effects on the POD of Swarm are also analyzed. The vertical total electron content derived from the Swarm onboard Global Positioning System receiver presents a larger enhancement on the dayside at low latitude and midlatitude during the storm main phase. This leads to an increase in the high‐order ionospheric effects, especially in the second‐order terms. No evident precision improvement is observed after correcting the high‐order ionospheric effects. The results demonstrate that during this geomagnetic storm, the enhanced thermospheric neutral density serves as a stronger error source than the enhanced ionospheric plasma density for the low Earth orbit satellite orbit determination processing.
Dawn/Dusk Asymmetry of the Martian UltraViolet Terminator Observed Through Suprathermal Electron Depletions
Authors: Steckiewicz M. , Garnier P. , Lillis R. , Toublanc D. , Leblanc F. , Mitchell D. L. , Andersson L. , Mazelle C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSuprathermal electron depletions are structures of the nightside ionosphere of Mars resulting from an equilibrium between electron loss and creation processes. Photoionization of oxygen and carbon dioxide by UV and EUV photons is the main ionization process of the Martian atmosphere. The observation of suprathermal electron depletions is strongly unexpected in the portion of the Martian environment where photoionization can occur. This region is delimited by the UltraViolet (UV) terminator, behind which no UV ionizing photons are detected. In this study suprathermal electron depletions are used to determine the position of the UV terminator thanks to MAVEN observations. The MAVEN spacecraft is now in its fourth year of data recording and has already covered more than one Martian year, a large range of latitude, local time, and solar zenith angle in the nightside down to 110‐km altitude. This coverage enables us to determine the approximate position of the UV terminator over one Martian year. We then investigate the variation of its position on the dawnside and duskside and depending on seasons. Our results are compared with models of the Martian atmosphere and in situ data of the atmospheric composition which all highlight an asymmetry between the duskside and the dawnside at equinox. However, models show an inversion in the position of the dusk and the dawn UV terminator at perihelion and aphelion, which cannot yet be confirmed or disproved by the data.
A Relationship Between Blue and Near‐IR Global Spectral Reflectance and the Response of Global Average Reflectance to Change in Cloud Cover Observed From EPIC
Authors: Wen Guoyong , Marshak Alexander , Song Wanjuan , Knyazikhin Yuri , Mõttus Matti , Wu Dong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe performed a detailed analysis of Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) spectral data. We found that the vector composed of blue and near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance follows a counterclockwise closed‐loop trajectory from 0 to 24 UTC as Earth rotates. This nonlinear relationship was not observed by any other satellites due to limited spatial or temporal coverage of either low Earth orbit or geostationary satellites. We found that clouds play an important role in determining the nonlinear relationship in addition to the well‐known cloud‐free land‐ocean reflectance contrast in the two bands. The nonlinear relationship is the result of three factors: (1) a much larger cloud‐free land‐ocean contrast in the NIR band compared to the blue band, (2) significantly larger difference between cloudy land and cloudy ocean reflectance in the NIR band compared to the blue band, and (3) the periodic variation of fractions of clear land, clear ocean, cloudy land, and cloudy ocean in the sunlit hemisphere as Earth rotates. We found that the green vegetation contributes significantly to the NIR global average reflectance when the South and North Americas appear and disappear in the EPIC's field of view. The blue and NIR relationship can be useful for exoplanet research. Clouds impose a strong impact on global spectral reflectance, and the reflectance response to a change in cloud cover depends on whether the change is over land or over the ocean. On average, an increase of 0.1 in cloud coverage will lead to a 7% increase in spectrally integrated global average reflectance.
Genesis and Architecture of Sequences of Quaternary Coral Reef Terraces: Insights From Numerical Models
Authors: Pastier A.‐M. , Husson L. , Pedoja K. , Bézos A. , Authemayou C. , Arias‐Ruiz C. , Cahyarini S. Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe variety of coral reefs morphologies highlights their sensitivities to several forcings; fossil reefs stack in sequences that are accordingly diverse. In order to understand their genesis and architectures, we devised a numerical approach, accounting for Quaternary sea level oscillations, vertical land motion, initial slope, wave erosion, and reef growth. We first test our model on the subsiding sequence of Hawaii and on the uplifting sequence of Wangi‐Wangi (Sulawesi) that bears active barriers. We then construct a parametric study that we analyze based on a comprehensive yet compact description of sequences as barcodes, that depict the vertical distribution of a few geometrical characteristics (number, width, and height of the terraces and barriers). We find that geological factors suffice to explain the variety of architectures of reefal sequences at first order, regardless of additional ecosystemic processes. Vertical land motion and foundation slopes are the prime players, while reef growth rates only play a minor role. Barriers may develop both in uplift and subsidence mode, and their preservation attests for the erosional power. Last, we reappraise the genesis of sequences and find that sequences do not fingerprint discrete events of sea level oscillations but a continuous process harrowed by stochastic events: Major sea level fluctuations can be overrepresented by several terraces or conversely absent; reoccupations may yield composite terraces representing multiple events. Overall, sequences shall not be regarded as stacks of reef bodies forming during sea level highstands, which implies that the commonly assumed bijective relationship between sea level highstands and terraces shall be abandoned.
The Impact of Radiosounding Observations on Numerical Weather Prediction Analyses in the Arctic
Authors: Naakka T. , Nygård T. , Tjernström M. , Vihma T. , Pirazzini R. , Brooks I. M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe radiosounding network in the Arctic, despite being sparse, is a crucial part of the atmospheric observing system for weather prediction and reanalysis. The spatial coverage of the network was evaluated using a numerical weather prediction model, comparing radiosonde observations from Arctic land stations and expeditions in the central Arctic Ocean with operational analyses and background fields (12‐hr forecasts) from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts for January 2016 to September 2018. The results show that the impact of radiosonde observations on analyses has large geographical variation. In data‐sparse areas, such as the central Arctic Ocean, high‐quality radiosonde observations substantially improve the analyses, while satellite observations are not able to compensate for the large spatial gap in the radiosounding network. In areas where the network is reasonably dense, the quality of background field is more related to how radiosonde observations are utilized in the assimilation and to the quality of those observations.
A Zonal Migration of Monsoon Moisture Flux Convergence and the Strength of Madden‐Julian Oscillation Events
Authors: Hagos Samson , Zhang Chidong , Leung L. Ruby , Burleyson Casey D. , Balaguru Karthik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the variations in the strength of Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) events as they propagate across the Indo‐Pacific Maritime Continent has been an unmet challenge. Moisture flux convergence estimated directly from precipitation shows a slow eastward migration of zonal moisture flux convergence between the Asian and Australian monsoon convergence centers from summer to winter. Strengths of individual MJO events vary as they propagate across this zonally and seasonally varying monsoonal moisture convergence. MJO events starting in February–April tend to be weak over the eastern Indian Ocean, but they strengthen as they propagate into the moisture convergence region over the western Pacific. During May–July, the moisture convergence pattern is reversed and MJO events weaken as they propagate into the moisture divergence region in the western Pacific. Winter MJO events are most likely to be strong over the Maritime Continent region, particularly when the Australian monsoon is strong.
Wintertime Modulation of the Local Cloud and Diagnostic Fields by the Hadley Cell Subsiding Boundary Over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Iwabuchi Hironobu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe responses of cloud and diagnostic fields to the poleward shift of the local Hadley cell subsiding edge are examined using observational and reanalysis data from December 1982 to February 2016. Over the western North Pacific, the interannual variability of the local Hadley cell subsiding edge is marked by an anomalous rising motion, decreased large‐scale static stability, and corresponding increases of the midlevel cloud fraction over the climatological sinking zone around 35°N. The most sensitive cloud type is identified to be cumulus congestus, with cloud top pressures in the range of 440–680 hPa and optical thicknesses in the range of 23–60. This kind of cloud is estimated to be the main contributor to the net negative top‐of‐atmosphere radiation anomaly and to constrain the distribution of the anomalous precipitation associated with the local HC expansion.