bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addendum to Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds [BAT value documentation, 2018]
Authors: Schmitz‐Spanke S. , Drexler H. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has derived a biological guidance value at the workplace (“Biologischer Leitwert”, BLW) and a biological reference value (“Biologischer Arbeitsstoff‐Referenzwert”, BAR) and has re‐evaluated the exposure equivalents for carcinogenic substances (EKA) for cobalt and cobalt compounds [CAS No.
7440‐48‐4
] in 2017. Available publications are described in detail.

The evaluation of the BLW was based on the association between urinary concentration of cobalt to characterize the internal exposure and cardiotoxicity as critical effect. Moderate restrictive lung dysfunctions and slight interferences with thyroid metabolism (hypothyroidism) were observed at urinary cobalt concentrations of 79 µg/L urine and 84 µg/L urine, respectively. At urinary concentrations of 38 µg cobalt/L urine and 36 µg cobalt/L urine no adverse effects of restrictive lung dysfunction and cardiotoxicity were observed. Therefore, a BLW of 35 µg/L urine was derived. The sampling time is for long‐term exposures at the end of the shift after several shifts.
In some biomonitoring studies, the excretion of cobalt in urine of persons occupationally not exposed to cobalt was examined. Due to geogenic differences, a German study was considered for the evaluation, where urine samples of 87 adults were analyzed and a 95th percentile of 1.53 µg cobalt/L urine was recorded. These results are in good accordance with other international studies. Therefore, a BAR of 1.5 µg cobalt/L urine was evaluated.
The relationships between the concentration of cobalt in ambient air and that in urine derived from the more recent studies are in good accordance with the present EKA. The Commission therefore retains the EKA already derived in 1986 and extended in 2006 in the lower range between the concentration of cobalt in the air and in urine.
Borsäure und Tetraborate – Bestimmung von Bor in Urin mittels ICP‐OES [Biomonitoring Methods in German language, 2019]
Authors: Michalke B. , Grill P. , Morton J. , Göen T. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The working group “Analyses in Biological Materials” of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area developed and validated the presented biomonitoring method.

The analytical method described hereinafter is used to determine the boron concentration in urine using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (
ICP‐OES
). The method is rapid, simple, reliable, adequately sensitive and also suitable for routine use in laboratories with high sample throughput. It is possible to determine boron at both occupational and environmental concentrations. Sample preparation is performed by 1/20 (V/V) dilution of urine with 5% nitric acid, which largely reduces matrix interferences.
Chlorothalonil [MAK Value Documentation, 2018]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2019

Abstract

The German commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical compounds in the work Area has re‐evaluated chlorothalonil [
1897‐45‐6
], considering all toxicological endpoints. Available publications and unpublished study reports are described in detail.

In several carcinogenicity studies, orally applied chlorothalonil causes kidney toxicity in mice and rats and kidney tubular carcinomas only in F344 rats, but not in Osborne‐Mendel or Sprague Dawley rats. The reason for this strain difference is unknown. In cells of the kidney proximal tubules thiols are formed which inhibit mitochondrial breathing. This results in cytotoxicity and necrosis followed by cell proliferation, hyperplasia, and tumours. The thiols are generated via β‐lyase which is more active in rats than in humans. As the mechanism of the formation of kidney tumours is evaluated as non‐genotoxic and no carcinomas occurred in Osborne‐Mendel or Sprague Dawley rats at doses higher than those used in F344 rats, chlorothalonil is no longer classified in Category 3B for carcinogens.

Chlorothalonil is irritating to nose, eyes and throat of workers at about 0.3 to 1.2 mg/m
3
and corrosive to the eye of rabbits. A NOAEC after repeated inhalation in humans or animals is not known, therefore no maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) can be derived and chlorothalonil is assigned to Section II b of the List of MAK and BAT Values.

Chlorothalonil shows a skin sensitizing potential in humans and animals and labelling with “Sh” (for substances which cause sensitization of the skin), but not with “Sa” (for substances which cause sensitization of the airways) is retained.
Dermal absorption of chlorothalonil is low and does not contribute significantly to systemic toxicity.
Nitroethane [MAK value documentation, 2017]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) for nitroethane [79‐24‐3], considering the endpoints local and systemic toxicity as well as developmental toxicity. Nitroethane acts locally as well as systemically. A 13‐week study in rats and mice found significantly increased methaemoglobin levels accompanied by changes in the spleen as critical effects. A NOAEC was not obtained. Based on the LOAEC of 100 ml/m3and taking into consideration the higher sensitivity of humans and the possibility of effects increasing with time, the MAK value for nitroethane is lowered to 10 ml/m3. Degeneration, inflammation and hyperplasia of the olfactory epithelium occur at higher exposure concentrations. As the critical effect is systemic, the assignment to Peak Limitation Category II is retained as well as the excursion factor of 4. Because there are no studies on developmental toxicity with pure nitroethane, the assignment to Pregnancy Risk Group D is also confirmed. Skin contact may contribute significantly to systemic toxicity and nitroethane is designated with an “H”. Sensitization is not expected from the limited data.
The Occurrence of Vibrionaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae in Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Rearing Seawater
Authors: Chuen-Im Thanaporn , Suriyant Dolaphum , Sawetsuwannakun Koraphan , Kitkumthorn Nakarin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this study, levels of Vibrionaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae were observed in seawater from juvenile green turtle Chelonia mydas rearing tanks and in the incoming coastal seawater (the water supply). Bacterial loads were compared between the incoming coastal seawater and two different rearing conditions: in cement tanks at a low stocking density and in fiberglass tanks at a high stocking density. The total bacterial counts in seawater from fiberglass tanks were statistically greater than those in cement tanks. The nonlactose and lactose fermenting enterobacteria, tellurite-reducing bacteria, and total plate counts in water from all rearing containers were greater than those in coastal seaweater by a logarithmic fold change of 2–-3. Differences in bacterial population structure of the incoming coastal seawater and rearing water were also addressed. The results from biochemical identification of 344 isolates revealed that the bacteria that were commonly found in water samples were Citrobacter spp., Enterobacteria spp., Edwardsiella spp., Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Photobacterium spp., Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio spp. Conclusively, the microbiological monitoring of rearing water provides important and essential information on the management of aquatic animal health and husbandry.
When You Can't Walk a Mile: Walking Limitation Prevalence and Associations Among Middle‐Aged and Older US Adults with Arthritis: A Cross‐Sectional, Population‐Based Study
Authors: Theis K. A. , Murphy L. B. , Baker N. A. , Hootman J. M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveWe examined walking limitations and associated characteristics among middle‐aged and older US adults with arthritis, overall, and by sex.MethodsUsing 2005‐2006 Arthritis Conditions and Health Effects Survey (ACHES) data (n = 1793), we estimated “a lot” and “any” (“a lot” or “a little” combined) walking limitation for more than 1 mile (1.6 km) among US adults 45 years or older with arthritis and examined associations (sociodemographics, arthritis symptoms and effects, psychosocial measures, and physical health) with walking limitations in unadjusted and multivariable (MV) adjusted logistic regression models using prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals, accounting for the complex survey design.ResultsRespondents frequently reported “a lot” (48%) and “any” (72%) limitation for more than 1 mile. Women reported higher prevalence of all levels of walking limitation versus men (eg, 51% vs 42% for “a lot” overall); additionally, the gap for walking limitations between women and men widened with age. Limitation was high for both sexes at all ages, affecting 1‐in‐3 to 4‐in‐5, depending on level of walking limitation. The strongest MV associations for “a lot” of walking limitation among all respondents included substantial and modest arthritis‐attributable life interference (PR = 2.5 and 1.6, respectively), age 75 years or older (PR = 1.5), and physical inactivity and fair/poor self‐rated health (PR = 1.4 for both).ConclusionWalking limitations among middle‐aged and older adults are substantial. Existing proven interventions that improve walking ability and physical function may help this population to reduce and delay disability.
Silk Hydrogels Crosslinked by the Fenton Reaction
Authors: Choi Jaewon , McGill Meghan , Raia Nicole R. , Hasturk Onur , Kaplan David L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHere, the Fenton reaction is used to prepare silk hydrogels through oxidation of tyrosine residues in silk fibroin, leading to dityrosine crosslinking. At pH 5.7, gelation occurs rapidly within 30 s, and the resultant opaque gels show soft properties with a storage modulus of ≈100 Pa. The addition of ascorbic acid to the Fenton reaction increases the dityrosine bonds in the hydrogels but has little effect on the rheological or mechanical properties. The results indicate that Fe(III) ions significantly interacted with silk fibroin during the Fenton reaction, most likely binding to sites such as tyrosine, glutamate, and aspartate residues, triggering the formation of β‐sheet structures that may impede dityrosine bond formation due to steric hindrance. The use of an iron chelator or the operation of the Fenton reaction at pH 9.2 enables control over the interaction of Fe(III) ions with silk fibroin, achieving a hydrogel with improved optical properties and enhanced dityrosine bond formation. Hydrogels prepared by the Fenton reaction are cytocompatible as L929 mouse fibroblasts remain viable and are proliferative when seeded on the hydrogels. The results offer a useful approach to generate chemically crosslinked silk fibroin hydrogels without the use of enzyme‐catalyzed reactions for biomedical applications.
A Small‐Molecule “Charge Driver” enables Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells with Efficiency Approaching 13%
Authors: Xue Jingjing , Wang Rui , Chen Lan , Nuryyeva Selbi , Han Tae‐Hee , Huang Tianyi , Tan Shaun , Zhu Jiahui , Wang Minhuan , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Zhang Chunfeng , Lee Jin‐Wook , Yang Yang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHalide perovskite colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have recently emerged as a promising candidate for CQD photovoltaics due to their superior optoelectronic properties to conventional chalcogenides CQDs. However, the low charge separation efficiency due to quantum confinement still remains a critical obstacle toward higher‐performance perovskite CQD photovoltaics. Available strategies employed in the conventional CQD devices to enhance the carrier separation, such as the design of type‐Ⅱ core–shell structure and versatile surface modification to tune the electronic properties, are still not applicable to the perovskite CQD system owing to the difficulty in modulating surface ligands and structural integrity. Herein, a facile strategy that takes advantage of conjugated small molecules that provide an additional driving force for effective charge separation in perovskite CQD solar cells is developed. The resulting perovskite CQD solar cell shows a power conversion efficiency approaching 13% with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.10 V, short‐circuit current density of 15.4 mA cm−2, and fill factor of 74.8%, demonstrating the strong potential of this strategy toward achieving high‐performance perovskite CQD solar cells.
3D Printing of Freestanding MXene Architectures for Current‐Collector‐Free Supercapacitors
Authors: Yang Wenji , Yang Jie , Byun Jae Jong , Moissinac Francis P. , Xu Jiaqi , Haigh Sarah J. , Domingos Marco , Bissett Mark A. , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Barg Suelen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) technologies appear as a paradigm for scalable manufacture of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, where complex 3D architectures are typically required but are hard to achieve using conventional techniques. The combination of these technologies and innovative material formulations that maximize surface area accessibility and ion transport within electrodes while minimizing space are of growing interest. Herein, aqueous inks composed of atomically thin (1–3 nm) 2D Ti3C2Tx
with large lateral size of about 8 µm possessing ideal viscoelastic properties are formulated for extrusion‐based 3D printing of freestanding, high specific surface area architectures to determine the viability of manufacturing energy storage devices. The 3D‐printed device achieves a high areal capacitance of 2.1 F cm−2 at 1.7 mA cm−2 and a gravimetric capacitance of 242.5 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 with a retention of above 90% capacitance for 10 000 cycles. It also exhibits a high energy density of 0.0244 mWh cm−2 and a power density of 0.64 mW cm−2 at 4.3 mA cm−2. It is anticipated that the sustainable printing and design approach developed in this work can be applied to fabricate high‐performance bespoke multiscale and multidimensional architectures of functional and structural materials for integrated devices in various applications.
Molecular Design Strategies for Electrochemical Behavior of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds in Organic and Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Peng Huiling , Yu Qianchuan , Wang Shengping , Kim Jeonghun , Rowan Alan E. , Nanjundan Ashok Kumar , Yamauchi Yusuke , Yu Jingxian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo sustainably satisfy the growing demand for energy, organic carbonyl compounds (OCCs) are being widely studied as electrode active materials for batteries owing to their high capacity, flexible structure, low cost, environmental friendliness, renewability, and universal applicability. However, their high solubility in electrolytes, limited active sites, and low conductivity are obstacles in increasing their usage. Here, the nucleophilic addition reaction of aromatic carbonyl compounds (ACCs) is first used to explain the electrochemical behavior of carbonyl compounds during charge–discharge, and the relationship of the molecular structure and electrochemical properties of ACCs are discussed. Strategies for molecular structure modifications to improve the performance of ACCs, i.e., the capacity density, cycle life, rate performance, and voltage of the discharge platform, are also elaborated. ACCs, as electrode active materials in aqueous solutions, will become a future research hotspot. ACCs will inevitably become sustainable green materials for batteries with high capacity density and high power density.
Ultrafast Recovery of Uranium from Seawater by Bacillus velezensis Strain UUS‐1 with Innate Anti‐Biofouling Activity
Authors: Yuan Yihui , Yu Qiuhan , Yang Shuo , Wen Jun , Guo Zhanhu , Wang Xiaolin , Wang Ning 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHighly‐efficient recovery of uranium from seawater is of great concern in the growing demand for nuclear energy. Bacteria are thought to be potential alternatives for uranium recovery. Herein, a Bacillus velezensis strain, UUS‐1, with highly‐efficient uranium immobilization capacity is isolated and is used in the recovery of uranium from seawater. The strain exhibits time‐dependent uranium recovery capacity and only immobilizes uranium after growing for 12 h. The carboxyl group together with the amino group inside the bacterial cells, but not previously identified phosphate group, are essential for uranium immobilization. UUS‐1 shows broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity by producing diverse antimicrobial metabolites, which endows the strain with innate resistance to the biofouling of marine microorganisms. Based on the dry weight of the initially used bacterial cultures, UUS‐1 concentrates uranium by 6.26 × 105 times and reaches the high immobilization capacity of 9.46 ± 0.39 mg U g−1 bacterial cultures in real seawater within 48 h, which is the fastest uranium immobilization capacity observed from real seawater. Overall considering the ultrafast and highly‐efficient uranium recovery capacity and the innate anti‐biofouling activity, UUS‐1 is a promising alternative for uranium recovery from seawater.
Multifunctional Sensor Based on Translational‐Rotary Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Wu Zhiyi , Zhang Binbin , Zou Haiyang , Lin Zhiming , Liu Guanlin , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators with a large number of desirable advantages, such as flexibility, light weight, and easy integration, are unique for sensor design. In this paper, based on the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a cylindrical self‐powered multifunctional sensor (MS) with a translational‐rotary magnetic mechanism is proposed, which has the capacity to detect acceleration, force, and rotational parameters. The MS can transform a translational motion into a swing motion or a multicircle rotational motion of a low damping magnetic cylinder around a friction layer and hence drives the TENG to generate voltages output. For enhancing the output performance of the TENG, an electrode material with small work function, low resistance, and suitable surface topography is the best choice. According to the structure characteristic of the translational‐rotary magnetic mechanism, the MS can easily respond to a weak striking and can be used to measure the rotational parameters without the need of coaxial installation. Based on the MS, some applications are established, for example measuring the punch acceleration of a boxer, the hitting force and swing angle of golf club, which demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the MS and exhibit that the MS could find applications in sports.
Machine learning‐based predictive control of nonlinear processes. Part I: Theory
Authors: Wu Zhe , Tran Anh , Rincon David , Christofides Panagiotis D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on the design of model predictive control (MPC) systems for nonlinear processes that utilize an ensemble of recurrent neural network (RNN) models to predict nonlinear dynamics. Specifically, RNN models are initially developed based on a data set generated from extensive open‐loop simulations within a desired process operation region to capture process dynamics with a sufficiently small modeling error between the RNN model and the actual nonlinear process model. Subsequently, Lyapunov‐based MPC (LMPC) that utilizes RNN models as the prediction model is developed to achieve closed‐loop state boundedness and convergence to the origin. Additionally, machine learning ensemble regression modeling tools are employed in the formulation of LMPC to improve prediction accuracy of RNN models and overall closed‐loop performance while parallel computing is utilized to reduce computation time. Computational implementation of the method and application to a chemical reactor example is discussed in the second article of this series.
Water slug injection containingnpolymers in porous media
Authors: de Paula Anália S. , de O. Apolinário Felipe , Pires Adolfo P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInjection of water containing dissolved chemicals is an efficient oil recovery technique. One of the problems of this method is the loss of the chemical components due to interactions between rock and fluid. In polymer injection, adsorption may happen and lead to low process efficiency. The interaction between rock and fluid is governed by the adsorption isotherm, which relates the polymer concentration in water with the adsorbed amount on the rock. In this paper the problem of oil displacement by a water slug containingnchemical components that may be adsorbed is analyzed. The system of conservation laws is solved and the structure of the solution for the case of Henry's adsorption isotherm is completely described. The concentration profile of each component and the chromatographic cycle is calculated through simple expressions. The complete and detailed solution for the case of slug injection containing three chemical components is presented. The general solution developed can be used to model several Enhanced Oil Recovery techniques, in which the chemical components adsorb in porous media following Henry's adsorption isotherm.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition and Vinylation of Indole‐Derived α,α‐Dicyanoolefins with γ‐Substituted Allenoates
Authors: Yuan Chang , Tan Hao , Jiang Xue‐Fei , Liu Si , Jiang Lu , Cao Qi‐Ying , Xu Xing‐Jie , Deng Xiao‐Yan , Pan Guan‐Nan , Chen Jian‐Yang , Cui Hai‐Lei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition of γ‐substituted allenoates with α,α‐dicyanoolefins has been established, affording indole‐incorporated highly functionalized cyclopentenes. In addition, the vinylation of indole‐derived α,α‐dicyanoolefins has also been realized under the same reaction conditions by switching to indole‐derived α,α‐dicyanoolefins without protective group at N‐1 position.