bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle fragmentation inside planet-induced spiral waves
Authors: Eriksson Linn E J , Yang Chao-Chin , Armitage Philip J 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Growing planets interact with their surrounding protoplanetary disc, generating feedback effects that may promote or suppress nearby planet formation. We study how spiral waves launched by planets affect the motion and collisional evolution of particles in the disc. To this end, we perform local 2D hydrodynamical simulations that include a gap-opening planet and integrate particle trajectories within the gas field. Our results show that particle trajectories bend at the location of the spiral wave, and collisions occurring within the spiral exhibit significantly enhanced collisional velocities compared to elsewhere. To quantify this effect, we ran simulations with varying planetary masses and particle sizes. The resulting collisional velocities within the spiral far exceed the typical fragmentation threshold, even for collisions between particles of relatively similar sizes and for planetary masses below the pebble isolation mass. If collisions within the spiral are frequent, this effect could lead to progressively smaller particle sizes as the radial distance from the planet decreases, impacting processes such as gap filtering, pebble accretion, and planetesimal formation.
Prophylactic 2-week glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in hepatitis C positive-to-negative kidney transplantation
Authors: Dieter Rebecca A , Mattoo Aprajita , Hotchkis Perry , Jaffe Ian S , Weldon Elaina P , Berger Jonathan C , Ali Nicole M , Montgomery Robert A , Lonze Bonnie E 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and hypothesis
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) positive-to-negative kidney transplants require direct-acting antiviral therapy, but the optimal timing and duration remain unclear. We hypothesized that a 14-day prophylactic course of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir 300/120 mg (GLE/PIB) would be safe and effective at treating donor-derived HCV viremia.

Methods
This was a prospective, single-center, single-arm, open-label pilot study. Twenty adult HCV-negative recipients of HCV nucleic acid amplification test positive deceased-donor kidneys (HCV positive-to-negative) received a 14-day course of GLE/PIB, with the first dose pretransplant. HCV RNA viral load (VL) was monitored on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, 7, and 13. If VL was undetectable on POD 13, GLE/PIB was stopped, and if detectable, GLE/PIB was continued to complete an 8-week course. Surveillance monitoring continued after treatment to ensure sustained viral response (SVR). The primary outcome was efficacy of 14-day prophylactic GLE/PIB. Secondary outcomes included patient and allograft survival, the incidence, timing, and clearance of HCV viremia, and safety events.

Results
Seven out of 20 subjects (35%) never developed detectable HCV viremia. Only one subject had a detectable, but nonquantifiable, VL on POD 13 and completed an 8-week course. All subjects achieved SVR 12 weeks post-treatment with no relapses through 1-year follow-up. Mean time to undetectable HCV RNA VL was 10.5 (±4.7) days and mean peak VL was 371 (±715) copies/mL. Six-month and 1-year patient and allograft survival were 100% and 95%.

Conclusion
A 14-day course of prophylactic GLE/PIB is safe and effective for HCV positive-to-negative kidney transplants and may prevent HCV transmission or significantly reduce the VL for those with detectable transmission, allowing rapid clearance within 2 weeks.
The Role of Sex in the Effects of Smoking and Nicotine on Cardiovascular Function, Atherosclerosis, and Inflammation
Authors: Centner Ann Marie , Cullen Abigail E , Khalili Leila , Ukhanov Vladimir , Hill Stephanie , Deitado Riley , Hwang Hyun Seok , Azeez Tooyib , La Favor Justin D , Laitano Orlando , Parvatiyar Michelle S , Chelko Stephen P , Salazar Gloria 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Cigarette smoke (CS) invokes an inflammatory response associated with vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. The role of sex and nicotine in CS effects on cardiovascular function and atherosclerosis is unexplored.

Aims and Methods
Male and female C57Bl/6 WT (wild type) and ApoE-/- mice were exposed to CS and nicotine with access to chow and water ad libitum for 16 weeks to fill this gap. Heart rate and endothelial function were measured in the aorta of WT mice, while the lipid profile, cytokines, chemokines, and plaque area and composition were assessed in ApoE-/- mice.

Results
CS increased heart rate similarly in both sexes and induced a more substantial impairment in endothelial function in males and more plaque in females than nicotine. Necrotic core areas were similar for both treatments in both sexes, while females had higher collagen deposition across treatments. Both treatments elevated senescence-associated GLB1/-galactosidase (SA-GLB1) and interleukin 17A (IL17A) similarly in both sexes. CS upregulated cholesterol in both sexes, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand-5 (CXCL5/LIX) only in males, and LDL and IL1A only in females. Additionally, nicotine metabolism showed sex-specific responses to nicotine but not smoking.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that sex influences cardiovascular function and atherosclerosis following exposure to nicotine and CS.

Implications
The purpose of this study was to fill the existing literature gap through assessment of the differential sex effects of CS and nicotine on vascular function and atherosclerosis to identify sex-specific risk factors. We show sex-specific differences in endothelial function, plaque, inflammation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulators with exposure to CS and nicotine, which underscore the importance of assessing sex in tobacco and nicotine exposure studies. This study also shows the negative effect of oral nicotine administration as many oral dissolvable nicotine products, such as pouches and gum, are becoming increasingly popular among adolescents and young adults.
Why Some Countries Have Problem-Solving Courts (with Waleed A. Jami, Kylie Kulak, and Monica K. Miller)
Authors: Jami Waleed A. , Kulak Kylie , Miller Monica K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
As problem-solving courts have grown in prevalence in the United States and across the globe, numerous factors and features of these countries increase the likelihood of those countries adopting them. Some factors that might increase the likelihood of a country adopting a problem-solving court include (1) necessity or practicality; (2) changes in social structure, such as changes in which institutions address social and personal issues; (3) advances in science (including social science) and medicine which include differences in attributions; (4) a catalyst that suddenly brings attention and change to society’s sentiment toward a social issue; and (5) changes in society’s sentiment toward a social issue without a catalyst. Interviews from citizens in these countries are included that touch upon these factors and might explain why the described countries have adopted problem-solving courts.
Agency, Activism, and Agenda-Setting
Authors: Clark Meredith D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
From its origins as part of organizer Alicia Garza’s “love letter to Black people” posted on Facebook, to its misrepresentation as a “terrorist movement,” #BlackLivesMatter has been described as many things by many people. Beyond the hashtag, the phrase is symbolic of Black agency in digital spaces as demonstrated through organizing, amplifying, educating, and collective grieving practices performed during the first and second waves of the Movement for Black Lives. But a focus on this movement alone erases a critical part of Black digital cultural history. This chapter relies on participant narratives from individuals outside of mainstream media coverage of Black movement leaders and spaces to discuss how Black Twitter conceived its role in the ongoing fight for racial justice.
Preparing to Be a Mariachi Singer
Authors: Ulloa Juanita 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter is a solid starting place for beginning singers after Chapter 1. The chapter identifies the human voice as the portable instrument every ranchera performer shares. It is potentially the most powerful vehicle of expression that unites a group. The chapter describes different kinds of vocal roles singers play and expectations for them in the mariachi world. It calls for readers to stop and think about where they fit in best at this time, as well as where they dream to be in the future. Colorful pictures of costumes from different regions in Mexico are featured, all considered appropriate for both dancers and singers, along with the traditional black traje de charro. Singers are expected to wear appropriate dress and dramatic stage make-up in the ranchera tradition. This chapter also delineates starting ideas for developing awareness on how singers use microphones. All commercial singers use microphones in both rehearsals and performances. Excellent singers plan out and choreograph their use of the microphone within each song and between songs as part of their presentation.
Problems for Propositions and Issues for the Semantics of Modals
Authors: Moltmann Friederike 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter gives a general description of the ontological and semantic views developed in the book against the background of standard views of propositional attitudes and modals. It motivates the ontology of modal and attitudinal objects intuitively, contrasting it with the familiar ontology of propositions and of events and states. It presents well-known problems for propositions as abstract objects as well as recent theories of cognitive propositions and shows how attitudinal objects avoid those problems given their mind-dependence and the fact that they play a different role in the semantics of attitude reports than as arguments of attitudinal relations. It points out convergences of the semantics of modal sentences based on modal objects with recent ‘localized’ approaches to modals. It critically discusses recent semantic analyses that take clausal complements to be predicates of the Davidsonian event argument of attitude verbs.
Object-based Truthmaker Semantics, Norms of Truth, and Direction of Fit
Authors: Moltmann Friederike 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces truthmaker semantics as developed by Kit Fine (‘sentence-based truthmaker semantics’) and extends it to attitudinal and modal objects as ‘object-based truthmaker semantics’. It presents specific motivations for satisfiables having a truthmaker-based content, rather than a content based on possible worlds. It argues that satisfiables of possibility differ from satisfiables of necessity by not having violators and shows that possible-worlds semantics, unlike truthmaker semantics, is unable to provide a unified meaning of sentences as properties of satisfiables of both sorts. It gives an account of different types of satisfaction conditions as distinguished in Chapter 2, making use of the notion of directions of fit. Truth is treated as a non-action-guiding norm of objects with a word/mind-to-world direction of fit; objects with a world-to-word/mind direction of fit impose a norm on actions that are potential satisfiers. In an appendix, the chapter critically discusses the deflationist view of truth.
The Column of Trajan
Authors: Holliday Peter J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4 demonstrates the different narrative modes exploited by the Romans for historical commemorations by contrasting the allegorical Cancelleria Reliefs of Domitian to the documentary imagery of the helical frieze of the Column of Trajan in Rome. The Column was the crowning monument of the Forum of Trajan, designed by Apollodorus of Damascus to commemorate Trajan’s victories in the Dacian Wars. Its reliefs combine different perspectival systems to form a sequential narrative that is interpreted as a visual illustration of Trajan’s Commentarii. A further contrast between the Column and the Tropaeum Traiani at Adamclisi in modern Romania demonstrates how Roman makers often used classicizing imagery in the capital while deploying other styles to address provincial audiences.
The Benin Plaques
Authors: Holliday Peter J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Chapter 8 examines the so-called Benin bronzes that commemorated the wars of the Edo kings of Benin during their period of imperial expansion. Although they provide evidence for African and European cultural exchanges, they also indicate indigenous African metallurgical practices. Rather than chronicling a rigid, linear construct of history, the plaques’ narrative strategy embraces polysemy that invites multiple readings, both individually and in groups based on their original installation in the Royal Palace at Benin City, a site of intricate political and cosmological significance. The removal of the plaques from Benin in the nineteenth century therefore illustrates how separation from their original context can obliterate a work’s meaning.
The Death of General Wolfe
Authors: Holliday Peter J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the intersection of academic history painting and the use of historical subjects to promote ideological and imperial agendas. Benjamin West’s The Death of General Wolfe commemorates the British victory at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham (Siege of Québec), which marked the turning point in the Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War). West deployed the full arsenal of practices as set forth by academicians like Reynolds to fashion a continuous narrative that cast Wolfe as a secular saint; at the same time, West claimed to break with conventional practice by representing the scene in contemporary dress rather than classical garb. Like his fellow American, John Singleton Copley, West’s utilization of innovative realism enhanced the perceived authenticity of his images. Both artists also benefited from new patterns of private patronage no longer dependent on the state or church.
Traveling Wave Reduction, Elliptic Functions, and Connections to KdV
Authors: Carretero-González R. , Frantzeskakis D.J. , Kevrekidis P.G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents the derivation of traveling solutions to the KdV equation. By constraining the solutions of the KdV to have a permanent traveling form, one reduces the original PDE model to an ODE one. This reduction allows us to cast the KdV traveling solutions as orbits within an effective potential energy landscape under Newton’s second law of motion. The inherent nonlinearity of the KdV yields a cubic effective potential whose corresponding general solutions can be written in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions which are introduced in this chapter. These elliptic solutions contain, in one limit, sinusoidal (periodic) traveling waves and, in the opposite limit, localized (hyperbolic-type) traveling waves corresponding to the quintessential soliton solutions. In fact, these elliptic solutions interpolate between these two limits and explicitly describe solutions of any period in terms of the so-called cnoidal waves.
A Final Touch From KdV: Invariances and Self-Similar Solutions
Authors: Carretero-González R. , Frantzeskakis D.J. , Kevrekidis P.G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter we begin by introducing some natural invariances satisfied by the solutions to the KdV equation. In particular, we will see how using simple scaling laws (on the waveform, space, and time) allow us to connect one solution to an entire family of solutions with rescaled sizes (height and width) and velocity. We also show how changing the background height where a KdV waveform is supported changes its traveling velocity. This, in turn, gives a hint of why waves in shallower channels travel slower! Maybe you have experienced this on the beach? Finally, we will make use of the connection between space and time to explore self-similar solutions. These self-similar solutions grow in height and/or width at particular rates that can be connected with the time evolution variable and thus they can be seen as steady states on appropriately transformed, “co-expanding”, space-time frames.
Actions, Symmetries, Conservation Laws, Noether’s Theorem, and All That
Authors: Carretero-González R. , Frantzeskakis D.J. , Kevrekidis P.G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter we provide a general and powerful framework to study a large class of PDEs through their Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. The presentation is based around the idea of the principle of least action which, through functional derivatives, enables one to cast suitable PDEs as extrema of the action. This in turn, allows us to state and use Noether’s theorem to relate invariances of the original PDE with its conserved quantities. We apply this formalism to the NLS equation to find its principal conserved quantities associated with physical symmetries and, importantly, to connect it with the linearized eigenvalue problem that describes the stability of its solutions. Finally, we will discuss extensions of this approach to other Hamiltonian PDEs such as the sG and KdV models.
Inverse Scattering Transform II – the NLS Equation*
Authors: Carretero-González R. , Frantzeskakis D.J. , Kevrekidis P.G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this chapter we extend the material on the Inverse Scattering Transform (IST) presented in Chap. 11. In particular, for pedagogical reasons, Chap. 11 follows the historical (earlier) treatment of the IST based on the scalar Gel’fand-Levitan-Marchenko (GLM) integral equation while, in this chapter, the IST for the NLS follows a matrix formulation. Furthermore, in addition to the matrix GLM equation that is used for the inverse problem, here we also cover the more modern and elegant approach to the inverse problem based on formulating it as a Riemann-Hilbert problem (RHP). As we will see, the poles for the ensuing RHP will be located at the discrete eigenvalues of the scattering problem which will allow for the construction of the corresponding eigenfunctions.
A Model Civil Procedure Code for England and Wales
Authors: Sorabji John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Civil procedure law is integral to our understanding of access to justice, dispute resolution, and ultimately the rule of law. However, the field is rapidly changing, shifting dispute resolution away from courts and judgments, towards other legal pathways such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and Ombudsman. Similarly, the increasing digitisation of society and looming potential of AI will profoundly influence future reforms. Civil justice is thus at a critical turning point. In response to these developments, John Sorabji proposes a new model civil procedure code for England and Wales. Building on the work of the ALI/UNIDROIT Principles of Transnational Civil Procedure and the ELI-UNIDROIT Model European Rules of Civil Procedure, he articulates a simplified, principle-based, seventeen-part approach that covers all major stages from issue to enforcement, with sections on costs and funding, provisional measures, access to evidence and privileges, case statements, hearings, and dispute management.
Governance of the Civil Dispute Resolution System
Authors: Sorabji John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Civil justice systems serve several purposes, each of which promotes the effective and efficient rule of law. They prevent disputes arising. They promote the consensual resolution of disputes. Ultimately, they determine disputes through court adjudication. Historically, these three purposes and the means through which they can be achieved have not been explicitly co-ordinated by the State. This Part sets out a model for such co-ordination. It proposes that the three purposes and the means to achieve them be governed by a single Civil Dispute Resolution Council, established by the State, and a number of subject specific sub-committees. Through the work of such a Council, each of the three purposes could be given effect through the effective integration of preventive, consensual, and adjudicative forms of dispute resolution into a single, holistic system.
Civil Court Administration
Authors: Sorabji John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The English and Welsh courts’ jurisdiction is currently bifurcated. This Part proposes the unification of the County Court and the High Court to create a single, civil court. It also proposes the remodelling of the High Court into vertical Divisions and specialisation within those Divisions. Its aim is to promote a more efficient and proportionate structure, and one that will more readily facilitate effective and uniform digitisation of procedure across all jurisdictions. Structural reform is complemented by administrative reform. This Part also proposes the replacement of the present partnership model of court administration with a judicial model. It draws on experience from Australia in this regard, and particularly proposes that court staff become employees of the court rather than civil servants, not least to give greater effect to judicial independence and impartiality.
Pre-Action Dispute Management
Authors: Sorabji John 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pre-Action Dispute Management moves beyond the development of the CPR’s Pre-Action Protocols. It incorporates into effective dispute management steps to prevent disputes arising, the means to resolve disputes consensually, and where disputes result in the commencement of proceedings, the means to manage them proportionately. Where prevention is concerned, its focus is twofold. It promotes prevention on a case-by-case basis. At a more generic level it makes provision for the identification of issues of law or fact that give rise to large numbers of disputes. Identification can then lead to law reform. Consensual dispute resolution is promoted by integrating and co-ordinating both public sector and private sector dispute resolution services into the overarching civil dispute resolution system. These steps are promoted by the use of digital procedures, not least the creation of dispute management accounts to be used by lawyers and parties to disputes.
Vowel harmony
Authors: Özçelik Öner 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines vowel harmony in Turkish, including both backness and rounding harmonies. I use a Feature Geometric framework in accounting for both types of (canonical) vowel harmony, as well as their less well-known counterpart, non-canonical vowel harmony, which is characterized by disharmonic vowel sequences. I explain these “exceptional” cases in the same way as canonical vowel harmony, while using prespecification. For example, non-canonical vowel harmony of the type initiated by certain stem-final consonants, such as the palatal lateral appearing in the context of back vowels, is, I argue, because these consonants have secondary articulators that are underlyingly specified, which then renders the consonant opaque with regard to vowel harmony, and spreads its own front features (through the V-Place made available via its secondary articulator) to the following vowels, resulting in the appearance of an exception to vowel harmony. In addition to treating canonical and non-canonical vowel harmony in a unified manner, the approach enables a view of the regressive (right-to-left) harmony observed via the alternations of the epenthetic vowel in certain loanwords as derived from the properties of the progressive (left-to-right) harmony. The two types of vowel harmony are thus argued to be one and the same.