bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of the anisotropy of dose contributions: A planning study on prostate cases
Authors: Greber Johannes , Polat Bülent , Flentje Michael , Bratengeier Klaus 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo characterize the static properties of the anisotropy of dose contributions for different treatment techniques on real patient data (prostate cases). From this, we aim to define a class of treatment techniques with invariant anisotropy distribution carrying information of target coverage and organ‐at‐risk (OAR) sparing. The anisotropy presumably is a helpful quantity for plan adaptation problems.MethodsThe anisotropy field is analyzed for different intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques for a total of ten planning CTs of prostate cases. Primary irradiation directions ranged from 5 to 15. The uniqueness of anisotropy was explored: In particular, the anisotropy distribution inside the planning treatment volume (PTV) and in its vicinity was investigated. Furthermore, deviations of the anisotropy under beam rotations were explored by direct plan comparison as an indicating the susceptibility of each planned technique to changes in the geometric plan configuration. In addition, plan comparisons enabled the categorization of treatment techniques in terms of their anisotropy distribution.ResultsThe anisotropy profile inside the PTV and in the transition between OAR and PTV is independent of the treatment technique as long as a sufficient number of beams contribute to the dose distribution. Techniques with multiple beams constitute a class of almost identical and technique‐independent anisotropy distribution. For this class of techniques, substructures of the anisotropy are particularly pronounced in the PTV, thus offering good options for applying adaptation rules. Additionally, the techniques forming the mentioned class fortunately allow a better OAR sparing at constant PTV coverage. Besides the characterization of the distribution, a pairwise plan comparison reveals each technique's susceptibility to deviations which decreases for an increasing number of primary irradiation directions.ConclusionsTechniques using many irradiation directions form a class of almost identical anisotropy distributions which are assumed to provide a basis for improved adaptation procedures. Encouragingly, these techniques deliver quite invariant anisotropy distributions with respect to rotations correlated with good plan qualities than techniques using few gantry angles. The following will be the next steps toward anisotropy‐based adaptation: first, the quantification of anisotropy regarding organ deformations; and second, establishing the interrelation between the anisotropy and beam shaping.
VCP myopathy: A family with unusual clinical manifestations
Authors: Guo Xuan , Zhao Zhe , Shen Hongrui , Qi Bing , Li Nan , Hu Jing 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionValosin‐containing protein (VCP) variants that affect muscle, bone, and the nervous system are termed multisystem proteinopathy. VCP myopathy is manifested as limb‐girdle weakness, distal weakness and scapuloperoneal weakness.MethodsWe reviewed clinical, genetic, and muscle biopsy data from 6 members of a family with VCP myopathy.ResultsClinical features of family members were complex and included dementia, myopathy, and hearing impairment. Ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and dysphagia were present in 3 siblings. Rimmed vacuoles were observed in muscle biopsies, consistent with the pathological changes of VCP myopathy. A heterozygous VCP c.463C>A (p.R155S) that segregated in an autosomal‐dominant pattern was identified by genetic analysis.ConclusionsVCP myopathy can cause unusual manifestations that include ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and dysphagia. This study increased our understanding of the clinical manifestations of VCP myopathy. Muscle Nerve 59:365–369, 2019
Multicolor Light‐Emitting Diodes with MoS2 Quantum Dots
Authors: Yin Wenxu , Bai Xue , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhang Jia , Gao Xupeng , Yu William W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) quantum dots (QDs) are known for their excitation‐wavelength‐dependent photoluminescent (PL) properties. However, the mechanism of this phenomenon is still unclear. Here, small size MoS2 QDs with a narrow size distribution are synthesized. Based on the decay study and PL dynamics, a reasonable radiation model is presented to understand the special PL properties, i.e., the carrier recombination in the localized surface defect states generated the PL. Accordingly, this optical property is used to fabricate multicolor light‐emitting devices with the same MoS2 QDs. The emission color covers the full visible spectrum from blue to red, only by adjusting the thickness of the down‐conversion QD layers.
Integrated Eutopic Endometrium and Non‐Depleted Serum Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Identifies Candidate Serological Markers of Endometriosis
Authors: Manousopoulou Antigoni , Hamdan Mukhri , Fotopoulos Miltiadis , Garay‐Baquero Diana J. , Teng Jie , Garbis Spiros D. , Cheong Ying 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundEndometriosis affects about 4% of women in the reproductive age and is associated with subfertility. The aim of the present study is to examine the integrated quantitative proteomic profile of eutopic endometrium and serum from women with endometriosis compared to controls in order to identify candidate disease‐specific serological markers.MethodsEutopic endometrium and serum from patients with endometriosis (n = 8 for tissue and n = 4 for serum) are, respectively, compared to endometrium and serum from females without endometriosis (n = 8 for tissue and n = 4 for serum) using a shotgun quantitative proteomics method. All study participants are at the proliferative phase of their menstrual cycle.ResultsAt the tissue and serum level, 1214 and 404 proteins are differentially expressed (DEPs) in eutopic endometrium and serum, respectively, of women with endometriosis versus controls. Gene ontology analysis shows that terms related to immune response/inflammation, cell adhesion/migration, and blood coagulation are significantly enriched in the DEPs of eutopic endometrium, as well as serum. Twenty‐one DEPs have the same trend of differential expression in both matrices and can be further examined as potential disease‐ and tissue‐specific serological markers of endometriosis.ConclusionsThe present integrated proteomic profiling of eutopic endometrium and serum from women with endometriosis identify promising serological markers that can be further validated in larger cohorts for the minimally invasive diagnosis of endometriosis.
Shock Initiation of the Triaminotrinitrobenzene‐Based Explosive JBO‐9021 Measured with a Photon Doppler Velocimeter
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhao Ji‐bo , Gao Zhi‐peng , Wu Xing , He Hong‐liang , Gu Yan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTriaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) is an important insensitive high explosive because of its low shock sensitivity and high energy. The evolution of shock into the detonation of TATB requires academic attention and research. A multi‐points laser interferometer termed a photon Doppler velocimeter and a rotating mirror streak camera were used to study the shock initiation of detonation in a pressed solid explosive formulation, JBO‐9021, which contained 85 wt.% TATB, 10 wt.% HMX and 5 wt.% Kel‐F binder. In conventional experiments, the test explosive was assembled by using several columniform explosives with different external diameters. A new device was designed to solve complex problems. This device comprised a wedge‐shaped explosive sample and a transparent window, and by using this device, the particle‐velocity histories of eight shock positions and the shockwave velocity could be obtained. A series of shock‐initiation experiments on high explosive JBO‐9021 was performed, and the explosive samples were initiated at different intensity input shocks by an explosive‐driven attenuator. The photon Doppler velocimeter was used to detail the growth from an input shock to detonation, and the increase in particle velocity in unreacted JBO‐9021 was also obtained in low‐intensity shock‐initiation experiments. The shock velocity was measured with a rotating mirror streak camera in one experiment. Hugoniot data for JBO‐9021 in the form of a shock velocity versus a particle velocity and the initial shock pressure versus a distance‐to‐detonation relationship (Pop‐plot) were obtained. Based on the experimental results, the shock‐sensitivity characteristic of JBO‐9021 was described.
Incorporating external evidence on between‐trial heterogeneity in network meta‐analysis
Authors: Turner Rebecca M. , Domínguez‐Islas Clara P. , Jackson Dan , Rhodes Kirsty M. , White Ian R. 
Published: November 2018

In a network meta‐analysis, between‐study heterogeneity variances are often very imprecisely estimated because data are sparse, so standard errors of treatment differences can be highly unstable. External evidence can provide informative prior distributions for heterogeneity and, hence, improve inferences. We explore approaches for specifying informative priors for multiple heterogeneity variances in a network meta‐analysis.First, we assume equal heterogeneity variances across all pairwise intervention comparisons (approach 1); incorporating an informative prior for the common variance is then straightforward. Models allowing unequal heterogeneity variances are more realistic; however, care must be taken to ensure implied variance‐covariance matrices remain valid. We consider three strategies for specifying informative priors for multiple unequal heterogeneity variances. Initially, we choose different informative priors according to intervention comparison type and assume heterogeneity to be proportional across comparison types and equal within comparison type (approach 2). Next, we allow all heterogeneity variances in the network to differ, while specifying a common informative prior for each. We explore two different approaches to this: placing priors on variances and correlations separately (approach 3) or using an informative inverse Wishart distribution (approach 4).Our methods are exemplified through application to two network metaanalyses. Appropriate informative priors are obtained from previously published evidence‐based distributions for heterogeneity.Relevant prior information on between‐study heterogeneity can be incorporated into network meta‐analyses, without needing to assume equal heterogeneity across treatment comparisons. The approaches proposed will be beneficial in sparse data sets and provide more appropriate intervals for treatment differences than those based on imprecise heterogeneity estimates.
Efficient resource management in the cloud: From simulation to experimental validation using a low‐cost Raspberry Pi testbed
Authors: Maenhaut Pieter‐Jan , Volckaert Bruno , Ongenae Veerle , De Turck Filip 
Published: November 2018

SummaryWithin the context of cloud computing, efficient resource management is of great importance as it can result in higher scalability and significant energy and cost reductions over time. Because of the high complexity and costs of cloud environments, however, newly developed resource allocation strategies are often only validated by means of simulations, for example, by using CloudSim or custom‐developed simulation tools.This article describes a general approach for the validation of cloud resource allocation strategies, illustrating the importance of experimental validation on physical testbeds. Furthermore, the design and implementation of Raspberry Pi as a Service (RPiaaS), a low‐cost embedded testbed built using Raspberry Pi nodes, is presented. RPiaaS aims to facilitate the step from simulations toward experimental evaluations on larger cloud testbeds and is designed using a microservice architecture, where experiments and all required management services are running inside containers.The performance of the RPiaaS testbed is evaluated using several benchmark experiments. The obtained results not only illustrate that the overhead of both using containers and running the required RPiaaS services is minimal but also provide useful insights for scaling up experiments between the Raspberry Pi testbed and a larger more traditional cloud testbed.The introduced validation approach is then illustrated using a case study focusing on the allocation of hierarchically structured tenant data. The results obtained through simulations are compared to the experimental results. The RPiaaS testbed proved to be a very useful tool for the initial experimental validation before moving the experiments to a large‐scale testbed.
Realisierung einer Mittelspannungs-Gleichstromübertragung mit extrudierten AC-Kabeln
Authors: Schichler Uwe , Buchner Anton 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Gleichstromübertragung kann bei der Lösung der bestehenden Herausforderungen im Mittelspannungsnetz einen Beitrag leisten und zu einem sicheren Netzbetrieb beitragen. MGÜ-Anwendungen können dabei unter anderem für die Erhöhung der Übertragungskapazität von einzelnen Leitungen (Freileitung, Kabel) und eine flexible Lastflusssteuerung sorgen. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, bereits in Betrieb befindliche extrudierte AC-Kabelsysteme auf DC-Betrieb umzurüsten. Dabei sind zahlreiche technische Aspekte zu betrachten, die auch für einen Einsatz von neuen extrudierten AC-Standard-Kabeln für die MGÜ gelten. Die in Anlehnung an die CIGRE TB 496 bisher durchgeführten experimentellen Untersuchungen zeigen, dass ein handelsübliches 12/20-kV-VPE-AC-Kabelsystem den DC-Beanspruchungen des LCC-Präqualifikationstests für ein extrudiertes 55-kV-DC-Kabel standhalten kann.
Evolution of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture During Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel to Low Carbon-Manganese Structural Steel
Authors: Rahimi S. , Konkova T. N. , Violatos I. , Baker T. N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractElectron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) was used to analyze the evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture during friction stir welding of dissimilar type 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) to type S275 low carbon-manganese structural steel. The results of microstructural analyses show that the temperature in the center of stirred zone reached temperatures between Ac1and Ac3during welding, resulting in a minor ferrite-to-austenite phase transformation in the S275 steel, and no changes in the fractions of ferrite and austenite in the DSS. Temperatures in the thermomechanically affected and shoulder-affected zones of both materials, in particular toward the root of the weld, did not exceed the Ac1of S275 steel. The shear generated by the friction between the material and the rotating probe occurred in austenitic/ferritic phase field of the S275 and DSS. In the former, the transformed austenite regions of the microstructure were transformed to acicular ferrite, on cooling, while the dual-phase austenitic/ferritic structure of the latter was retained. Studying the development of crystallographic textures with regard to shear flow lines generated by the probe tool showed the dominance of simple shear components across the whole weld in both materials. The ferrite texture in S275 steel was dominated byD1,D2,E,$$ \bar{E} $$E¯, andF, where the fraction of acicular ferrite formed on cooling showed a negligible deviation from the texture for the ideal shear texture components of bcc metals. The ferrite texture in DSS was dominated byD1,D2,I,$$ \bar{I} $$I¯, andF, and that of austenite was dominated by theA,$$ \bar{A} $$A¯,B, and$$ \bar{B} $$B¯of the ideal shear texture components for bcc and fcc metals, respectively. WhileD1,D2, andFcomponents of the ideal shear texture are common between the ferrite in S275 steel and that of dual-phase DSS, the preferential partitioning of strain into the ferrite phase of DSS led to the development ofIand$$ \bar{I} $$I¯components in DSS, as opposed toEand$$ \bar{E} $$E¯in the S275 steel. The formations of fine and ultrafine equiaxed grains were observed in different regions of both materials that are believed to be due to strain-induced continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) in ferrite of both DSS and S275 steel, and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) in austenite phase of DSS.
Why computer simulations are not inferences, and in what sense they are experiments
Authors: Boge Florian J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe question of where, between theory and experiment, computer simulations (CSs) locate on the methodological map is one of the central questions in the epistemology of simulation (cf. SaamJournal for General Philosophy of Science,48, 293–309, 2017). The two extremes on the map have them either be a kind ofexperimentin their own right (e.g. Barberousse et al.Synthese,169, 557–574, 2009; Morgan 2002, 2003,Journal of Economic Methodology, 12(2), 317–329, 2005; MorrisonPhilosophical Studies,143, 33–57, 2009; Morrison 2015; Massimi and BhimjiStudies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics,51, 71–81, 2015; ParkerSynthese,169, 483–496, 2009) or just anargumentexecuted with the aid of a computer (e.g. BeisbartEuropean Journal for Philosophy of Science,2, 395–434, 2012; Beisbart and NortonInternational Studies in the Philosophy of Science,26, 403–422, 2012). There exist multiple versions of the first kind of position, whereas the latter is rather unified. I will argue that, while many claims about the ‘experimental’ status of CSs seem unjustified, there is a variant of the first position that seems preferable. In particular I will argue that while CSs respect thelogicof (deductively valid) arguments, they neither agree with theirpragmaticsnor theirepistemology. I will then lay out in what sense CSs can fruitfully be seen as experiments, and what features set them apart from traditional experiments nonetheless. I conclude that they should be seen assurrogate experiments, i.e. experiments executed consciously on the wrong kind of system, but with an exploitable connection to the system of interest. Finally, I contrast my view with that of Beisbart (European Journal for Philosophy of Science,8, 171–204, 2018), according to which CSs are surrogatesforexperiments, arguing that this introduces an arbitrary split between CSs and other kinds of simulations.
Integration of an algorithmic BIM approach in a traditional architecture studio
Authors: Caetano Inês , Leitão António 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAlgorithmic BIM (A-BIM) is a design paradigm that merges the potentialities of both Algorithmic Design (AD) and Building Information Modelling (BIM). This paper describes how the A-BIM approach was integrated into the design workflow of two traditional design studios, to develop a set of parametric facades for a residential building, from which we automatically extracted material quantities and construction details.This work demonstrates how the combination of AD with BIM influenced the whole design process and the selection of the final solution. The limitations found during the entire process are also addressed, such as tight deadlines and financial constraints. Finally, the pros and cons of using an A-BIM process compared to a traditional BIM approach are discussed, as is the implementation of this paradigm in a traditional design practice.We also show how the efficiency of the A-BIM process can be greatly increased by the use of an Integrated Development Environment for AD supporting the generation of 3D models in both Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and BIM applications.Highlights Combines algorithmic design with BIM in the context of a traditional design studio. Uses a portable CAD/BIM algorithmic tool to speed up the design exploration. Uses algorithmic design to optimize the production cost of a facade design. Automatically generates the corresponding technical documentation.
Gilbert's disc model with geostatistical marking
Authors: Ahlberg Daniel , Tykesson Johan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe study a variant of Gilbert's disc model, in which discs are positioned at the points of a Poisson process in ℝ2with radii determined by an underlying stationary and ergodic random field φ:ℝ2→[0,∞), independent of the Poisson process. This setting, in which the random field is independent of the point process, is often referred to asgeostatistical marking. We examine how typical properties of interest in stochastic geometry and percolation theory, such as coverage probabilities and the existence of long-range connections, differ between Gilbert's model with radii given by some random field and Gilbert's model with radii assigned independently, but with the same marginal distribution. Among our main observations we find that complete coverage of ℝ2does not necessarily happen simultaneously, and that the spatial dependence induced by the random field may both increase as well as decrease the critical threshold for percolation.
Linear de-preferential urn models
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Antar , Kaur Gursharn 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper we consider a new type of urn scheme, where the selection probabilities are proportional to a weight function, which is linear but decreasing in the proportion of existing colours. We refer to it as the de-preferential urn scheme. We establish the almost-sure limit of the random configuration for any balanced replacement matrix R. In particular, we show that the limiting configuration is uniform on the set of colours if and only if R is a doubly stochastic matrix. We further establish the almost-sure limit of the vector of colour counts and prove central limit theorems for the random configuration as well as for the colour counts.
AGGREGATE CLAIM ESTIMATION USING BIVARIATE HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL
Authors: Oflaz Zarina Nukeshtayeva , Yozgatligil Ceylan , Selcuk-Kestel A. Sevtap 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an approach for modeling claim dependence, with the assumption that the claim numbers and the aggregate claim amounts are mutually and serially dependent through an underlying hidden state and can be characterized by a hidden finite state Markov chain using bivariate Hidden Markov Model (BHMM). We construct three different BHMMs, namely Poisson–Normal HMM, Poisson–Gamma HMM, and Negative Binomial–Gamma HMM, stemming from the most commonly used distributions in insurance studies. Expectation Maximization algorithm is implemented and for the maximization of the state-dependent part of log-likelihood of BHMMs, the estimates are derived analytically. To illustrate the proposed model, motor third-party liability claims in Istanbul, Turkey, are employed in the frame of Poisson–Normal HMM under a different number of states. In addition, we derive the forecast distribution, calculate state predictions, and determine the most likely sequence of states. The results indicate that the dependence under indirect factors can be captured in terms of different states, namely low, medium, and high states.