bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smaller Head Circumference Combined with Lower Education Predicts High Risk of Incident Dementia: The Shanghai Aging Study
Authors: Wang Fei , Mortimer James A. , Ding Ding , Luo Jianfeng , Zhao Qianhua , Liang Xiaoniu , Wu Wanqing , Zheng Li , Guo Qihao , Borenstein Amy R. , Hong Zhen 
Published: July 2019

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> An important index of brain reserve is the maximal attained brain size, which can be estimated by measuring the head circumference (HC). We investigated the association of HC and education with incident dementia in a population-based study of Chinese older adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a prospective follow-up study of 1,659 non-demented participants with a mean age of 71.5 years. Characteristics and anthropometry of the participants were collected at baseline. Consensus diagnoses for dementia were made using DSM-IV criteria based on functional, neurological, and neuropsychological assessments. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 168 new-onset dementia cases after a mean of 5.2 years of follow-up. Participants with smaller HC combined with low educational attainment had a significantly higher risk of incident dementia than those with larger HC who had completed more than 12 years of education (adjusted hazard ratio 4.48, 95% CI 2.47–8.12). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> Our results suggest that smaller HC in combination with low education leads to a markedly increased risk of dementia.
A implantação do Núcleo Interno de Regulação em Hospital Público Terciário
Authors: Ferreira Alex Junior , Laurindo Mariana Candida , Moraes Aline de Araújo , Cerantola Rodrigo , Barbosa Luciane Brito , Pereira Julie Giacomini da Cruz , Volpe Gustavo Jardim , Pazin-Filho Antonio 
Published: July 2019

Introdução: O Núcleo Interno de Regulação (NIR) é uma das estratégias de gestão criadas pela Política Nacional de Atenção Hospitalar do Ministério da Saúde em 2013. Visa a organização do acesso à consultas, serviços diagnósticos e terapêuticos e aos leitos de internação, sendo fundamental o conhecimento do perfil epidemiológico e ajuste de seus processos de trabalho de modo a garantir o fluxo no sistema de saúde. Como as normas para implantação só foram realizadas em 2018, vários serviços implantaram o NIR sem diretrizes e há necessidade de se avaliar o grau de implantação.
Objetivo: Avaliar o nível de implantação do NIR em duas unidades de um complexo hospitalar público terciário.
Metodologia: Estudo de avaliação, exploratório, descritivo e longitudinal, realizado em duas unidades de internação hospitalar público terciário implantadas no primeiro semestre de 2016 (Unidade de Emergência) e no primeiro semestre de 2017 (Unidade Campus).
Resultados: Devido à natureza de sua vocação (eletivo ou urgência), observou-se perfil epidemiológico distinto nas unidades, embora tenha sido possível a construção de processo e análise de SWOT integrada para efeitos de tomada de decisão e planejamento. De acordo com os pilares propostos pelo Manual, ambas em maior ou menor grau apresentam iniciativas recomendadas. Mas, por outro lado, os entrevistados reforçam a necessidade de maior investimento para aprimorar o processo.
Conclusão: É necessário o estabelecimento de uma política de implantação dos NIR’s com referenciais objetivos que possam ser pontuados e permitam o acompanhamento temporal do seu desenvolvimento.
Relationship Between Pregnancy Complications and Subsequent Coronary Artery Disease Assessed by Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography in Black Women
Authors: Wichmann Julian L. , Takx Richard A.P. , Nunez Johanna H. , Vliegenthart Rozemarijn , Otani Katharina , Litwin Sheldon E. , Morris Pamela B. , De Cecco Carlo N. , Rosenberg Russell D. , Bayer Richard R. , Baumann Stefan , Renker Matthias , Vogl Thomas J. , Wenger Nanette K. , Schoepf U. Joseph 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Maternal pregnancy complications, particularly preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, are described to increase the risk for subsequent coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition, black women are at higher risk for CAD. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence and extent of CAD as detected by coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) in black women with and without a history of prior pregnancy complications.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated patient characteristics and CCTA findings in groups of black women with a prior history of preterm delivery (n=154), preeclampsia (n=137), or gestational diabetes mellitus (n=148), and a matched control group of black women who gave birth without such complications (n=445). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess risk factors of CAD.

Results:

All groups with prior pregnancy complications showed higher rates of any (≥20% luminal narrowing) and obstructive (≥50% luminal narrowing) CAD (preterm delivery: 29.2% and 9.1%; preeclampsia: 29.2% and 7.3%; and gestational diabetes mellitus: 47.3% and 15.5%) compared with control women (23.8% and 5.4%). After accounting for confounding factors at multivariate analysis, gestational diabetes mellitus remained a strong risk factor of any (odds ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 2.03–5.22;
P
<0.001) and obstructive CAD (odds ratio, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.55–5.80;
P
<0.001) on CCTA.

Conclusions:
Black women with a history of pregnancy complications, particularly gestational diabetes mellitus, have a higher prevalence of CAD on CCTA while only a history of gestational diabetes mellitus was independently associated with any and obstructive CAD on CCTA.
Hospital Variation in 30‐Day Mortality for Patients With Stroke; The Impact of Individual and Municipal Socio‐Demographic Status
Authors: Skyrud Katrine Damgaard , Vikum Eirik , Hansen Tonya Moen , Kristoffersen Doris Tove , Helgeland Jon 
Published: July 2019

Background

Thirty‐day mortality after hospitalization for stroke is commonly reported as a quality indicator. However, the impact of adjustment for individual and/or neighborhood sociodemographic status (
SDS
) has not been well documented. This study aims to evaluate the role of individual and contextual sociodemographic determinants in explaining the variation across hospitals in Norway and determine the impact when testing for hospitals with low or high mortality.

Methods and Results

Patient Administrative System data on all 45 448 patients admitted to hospitals in Norway with an incident stroke diagnosis from 2005 to 2009 were included. The data were merged with data from several databases to obtain information on vital status (dead/alive) and individual
SDS
variables. Logistic regression models were compared to estimate the predictive effect of individual and neighborhood
SDS
on 30‐day mortality and to determine outlier hospitals. All individual
SDS
factors, except travel time, were statistically significant predictors of 30‐day mortality. Of the municipal variables, only the municipal variable proportion of low income was statistically significant as a predictor of 30‐day mortality. Including sociodemographic characteristics of the individual and other characteristics of the municipality improved the model fit. However, performance classification was only changed for 1 (out of 56) hospital, from “significantly high mortality” to “nonoutlier.”

Conclusions

Our study showed that those stroke patients with a lower
SDS
have higher odds of dying after 30 days compared with those with a higher
SDS
, although this did not have a substantial impact when classifying providers as performing as expected, better than expected, or worse than expected.
Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and HIV are Associated With Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness in Adults From Sub‐Saharan Africa: Findings From H3Africa AWI‐Gen Study
Authors: Nonterah Engelbert A. , Boua Palwende R. , Klipstein‐Grobusch Kerstin , Asiki Gershim , Micklesfield Lisa K. , Agongo Godfred , Ali Stuart A. , Mashinya Felistas , Sorgho Herman , Nakanabo‐Diallo Seydou , Debpuur Cornelius , Kyobutungi Catherine , Alberts Marianne , Norris Shane , Tollman Stephen , Tinto Halidou , Soo Cassandra C. , Mukomana Freedom , Hazelhurst Scott , Wade Alisha N. , Kahn Kathleen , Oduro Abraham R. , Grobbee Diederick E. , Sankoh Osman , Ramsay Michèle , Bots Michiel L. , Crowther Nigel J. ,   as members and collaborators of AWI‐Gen and the H3Africa Consortium, Lombard Zane , Gómez‐Olivé Casas Frances Xavier , Wagner Ryan , Cook Ian , Ntuli Sam , Khayeka‐Wandabwa Christopher , Haregu Tilahun Nigatu , Mohammed Shukri F. , Muthuri Stella , Rouamba Toussaint , Fato Eric , Anati Immaculate , Amega‐Etego Lucas , Baloyi Nomses , Kagura Juliana , Munthali Richard , Guman Yusuf , Choudhury Ananyo 
Published: July 2019

Background

Studies on the determinants of carotid intima‐media thickness (
CIMT
), a marker of sub‐clinical atherosclerosis, mostly come from white, Asian, and diasporan black populations. We present
CIMT
data from sub‐Saharan Africa, which is experiencing a rising burden of cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases.

Methods and Results
The H3 (Human Hereditary and Health) in Africa’s AWI‐Gen (African‐Wits‐INDEPTH partnership for Genomic) study is a cross‐sectional study conducted in adults aged 40 to 60 years from Burkina Faso, Kenya, Ghana, and South Africa. Cardiovascular disease risk and ultrasonography of the CIMT of right and left common carotids were measured. Multivariable linear and mixed‐effect multilevel regression modeling was applied to determine factors related to CIMT. Data included 8872 adults (50.8% men), mean age of 50±6 years with age‐ and sex‐adjusted mean (±SE) CIMT of 640±123μm. Participants from Ghana and Burkina Faso had higher CIMT compared with other sites. Age (β = 6.77, 95%CI [6.34–7.19]), body mass index (17.6[12.5–22.8]), systolic blood pressure (7.52[6.21–8.83]), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.08[2.10–8.06]) and men (10.3[4.75– 15.9]) were associated with higher CIMT. Smoking was associated with higher CIMT in men. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (−12.2 [−17.9– −6.41]), alcohol consumption (–13.5 [−19.1–−7.91]) and HIV (−8.86 [−15.7–−2.03]) were inversely associated with CIMT.

Conclusions

Given the rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases risk factors in sub‐Saharan Africa, atherosclerotic diseases may become a major pan‐African epidemic unless preventive measures are taken particularly for prevention of hypertension, obesity, and smoking.
HIV
‐specific studies are needed to fully understand the association between
HIV
and
CIMT
in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Regionalism or Clientelism?
Authors: Black Clayton 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article examines the Leningrad Opposition of 1925 not so much as a regionally based schism in the party opposed to Stalin’s increasing monopoly of power, but rather as a cohesive expression of the city’s frustration with NEP and the economic hardships it imposed on the most industrialized city in the Soviet Union in the first seven years of Soviet power. Contrary to Western historiography on the Opposition, Zinoviev did not so much lead as align with the city’s leaders.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Discovery of<em> Eubasilissa signata</em> Wiggins, 1998 (Trichoptera, Phryganeidae) from Taiwan</strong></p>
Authors: KURANISHI RYOICHI B. , HSU LI-PENG 
Published: July 2019

The phryganeid caddisfly Eubasilissa signata Wiggins, 1998 was originally described based on a single female specimen from Korea, and no other information on the species was available. Here we record an additional five male and five female specimens of E. signata from Taiwan and describe the male morphology for the first time. Based on morphological differences with other Eubasilissa species, E. signata should be regarded as a separate species and also not a member of the “tibetana” species group. A 658-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of the new specimens of E. signata is provided as a DNA barcode.
<p class="HeadingRunIn"><strong>Taxonomic review of the Northeast Asian species of <em>Kisaura </em>(Philopotamidae) with description of a new species</strong></p>
Authors: UY CHRISTINE JEWEL C. , KUHARA NAOTOSHI , BAE YEON JAE 
Published: July 2019

The Northeast Asian species of Kisaura Ross, 1956 (Philopotamidae) are re-examined and males and females of a new species from South Korea are described and illustrated. Kisaura coreana sp. nov. closely resembles K. tsudai (Botoşǎneanu, 1970) and K. hattorii (Kuhara, 1999) described from Japan, but distinguished from the latter two species by the shape of the spiniform processes of segment X in the male genitalia. Further, we conclude that K. kisoensis (Tsuda, 1939) is not a synonym of K. aurascens (Martynov, 1934) because of differences in the genitalia, which was also supported by molecular data. Also, the Neighbor Joining tree shows a clade including both the Japanese species K. nozakii (Kuhara, 1999) and K. borealis (Kuhara, 1999) with high bootstrap values, especially that for K. nozakii, collected from Hoshu Shiga, Kanzaki-gawa, Kazakoshi-dani (99% bootstrap value). This high value could reflect the possibility that they are the same species and just having differences based on geographic variation in morphological traits. These two species will be the subject of future studies.
How to Observe Users’ Movements in Virtual Environments: Viewpoint Control in a Power Wheelchair Simulator
Authors: Alshaer Abdulaziz , O’Hare David , Archambault Philippe , Shirley Mark , Regenbrecht Holger 
Published: July 2019

Objective We describe a networked, two-user virtual reality (VR) power wheelchair (PWC) simulator system in which an actor (client) and an observer (clinician) meet. We then present a study with 15 observers (expert clinicians) evaluating the effect of three principal forms of viewpoint control (egocentric-egomotion, egocentric-tethered, and client-centric) on the observer’s assessment of driving tasks in a virtual environment (VE). Background VR allows for the simulation and assessment of real-world tasks in a controlled, safe, and repeatable environment. Observing users’ movement behavior in such a VE requires appropriate viewpoint control for the observer. The VR viewpoint user interface should allow an observer to make judgments equivalent or even superior to real-world situations. Method A purpose-built VR PWC simulator was developed. In a series of PWC driving tasks, we measured the perceived ease of use and sense of presence of the observers and compared the virtual assessment with real-world “gold standard” scores, including confidence levels in judgments. Results Findings suggest that with more immersive techniques, such as egomotion and tethered egocentric viewpoints, judgments are both more accurate and more confident. The ability to walk and/or orbit around the view significantly affected the observers’ sense of presence. Conclusion Incorporating the observer into the VE, through egomotion, is an effective method for assessing users’ behavior in VR with implications for the transferability of virtual experiences to the real world. Application Our application domain serves as a representative example for tasks where the movement of users through a VE needs to be evaluated.
Challenges to Diabetes Self-Management in Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ramchandani Neesha , Way Niobe , Melkus Gail D’Eramo , Sullivan-Bolyai Susan 
Published: July 2019

Purpose The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study undergirded by Meleis’s Transition Framework was to explore developmental, situational, and organizational challenges experienced by a diverse group of emerging adults (18-29 years old) with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Their perspectives on creating a developmentally informed diabetes self-management (DSM) program that supports transitional care were also explored. Methods A purposive sample of emerging adults with T1DM was recruited from the pediatric and adult diabetes clinics of an urban academic medical center. Those who consented participated in either a single focus group or a single interview. Self-reported demographic and clinical information was also collected. Results The sample was comprised of 21 emerging adults, with an average age of 23.6 ± 2.6 years, diabetes duration of 14.7 ± 5.0 years, and 71% female. Four main themes emerged: (1) finding a balance between diabetes and life, (2) the desire to be in control of their diabetes, (3) the hidden burden of diabetes, and (4) the desire to have a connection with their diabetes provider. Use of insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors and attendance at diabetes camp decreased some of the DSM challenges. Different groups of individuals had different perspectives on living with diabetes and different approaches to DSM. Conclusions The emerging adults in this study had a strong desire to be in good glycemic control. However, all participants described having a hard time balancing DSM with other competing life priorities. They also desired personalized patient-provider interactions with their diabetes care provider in clinical follow-up services. Even though the study sample was small, important themes emerged that warrant further exploration.
Toxicologic Pathology Forum*: Commentary on “Opinion on Designation of Adverse and Nonadverse Histopathological Findings in Toxicity Studies: The Pathologist’s Dilemma”
Authors: Patrick Daniel J. , Troth Sean P. 
Published: July 2019

In the article “Opinion on Designation of Adverse and Nonadverse Histopathological Findings in Toxicity Studies: The Pathologist’s Dilemma,” the authors Gopinath and Mowat provide a framework for designation of adversity supplemented with photomicrographic examples. Given that adversity designation can significantly impact the no observed adverse effect level and clinical trial design, it is important to carefully consider all of the criteria by which such assignments are made. We highlight some of the specific assertions within the article that could benefit from a more detailed discussion. Our primary criticism surrounds the authors’ primary reliance on histopathology in isolation for adversity designation, which in our opinion provides an overly simplified depiction of the process. We provide additional perspective on how context beyond histopathology often plays a critical role in adversity designation and highlight areas where inclusion of some of these scenarios would have provided the reader a more realistic view of the complex process of assigning adversity. [Box: see text]
Primary accessory thyroid carcinoma with negative 99mTcO4− SPECT/CTimaging: a case report and literature review
Authors: Ma Yibo , Qian Feng , Wang Jianfeng , Liu Yanping , Liu Shuiqing 
Published: July 2019

Introduction In contrast to orthotopic thyroid carcinoma, primary accessory thyroid carcinoma is very rare. We herein report a case involving primary accessory thyroid carcinoma in a patient with normal ultrasonography of the orthotopic thyroid and negative 99mTcO4− single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scintigraphy. Case presentation: A computed tomography (CT) scan showed soft tissue nodules at the left anterior edge of the thyroid cartilage. To determine whether the mass was accessory thyroid tissue, 99mTcO4− SPECT/CT was performed, and the findings were negative. However, pathological examination after resection showed that mass was a primary accessory thyroid papillary carcinoma. The 1-year follow-up ultrasound showed no lesion at the orthotropic thyroid and neck incision sites. Conclusions This case suggests that negative 99mTcO4− SPECT/CT imaging may not completely exclude the possibility of thyroid carcinoma. A punch biopsy or postoperative pathological examination is necessary for the diagnosis.
Prostate imaging reporting and data system correlation with Gleason score: Pathological aspects of magnetic resonance imaging findings
Authors: Yokoo Patricia , de Oliveira Salvador Gabriel Lucca , Castillo Jesus José André Quintana , Basso Ana Carolina Nicoletti , Amaral Rafael Sarmento do , de Campos Rafael Olinto Pelaez , Barreto Renan Arrais Ykeda , Orozco Oscar Fernando Ghattas , Cavalli Alexandre Cavalheiro , Zaparolli Mauricio 
Published: July 2019

Objective: Prostate cancer has a high prevalence and mortality, being the most diagnosed urologic cancer. Prostatic magnetic resonance imaging showed high sensitivity in the detection of clinically significant neoplasia and agreement with the Gleason score. Therefore, we attempted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the prostate imaging reporting and data system, using biopsy and prostatectomy as the reference standard. The secondary goal of correlating prostatic magnetic resonance imaging findings and anatomopathological samples is obtained. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed seventy-nine 1.5 Tesla prostatic magnetic resonance imaging scans in patients aged 31 to 86 years, performed at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná between January 2015 and February 2018. Results: Considering all 79 patients, prostatic magnetic resonance imaging was able to diagnose tumor in 47 patients (59.4%). Considering the peripheral zone, the prostatic magnetic resonance imaging had a sensitivity of 75.0% (95% confidence interval: 52.1%–98.0%), specificity of 89.5% (95% confidence interval: 66.0%–100%), 94.4% positive predictive value (95% confidence interval: 71.0%–100%), 66.7% negative predictive value (95% confidence interval: 43.0%–69.0%), 83.8% Positive Likelihood Ratio (PVR) (95% confidence interval: 60.0%–100%), 27.9% Negative Likelihood Ratio (RVN) (95% confidence interval: 5.0%–50.0 %), and accuracy of 86.3% (95% confidence interval: 63.0%–100%). The receiver operating characteristic curve obtained demonstrated the sensitivity variation according to the prostate imaging reporting and data system score of the patients, obtaining an area under the curve of 84.8 for a prostate imaging reporting and data system cutoff of 3. Conclusion: The use of the prostate imaging reporting and data system score is useful for the screening and classification of prostate cancer, due to its easy reproducibility, even in a population with an unknown prostate cancer prevalence, which can be easily correlated with biopsy studies and/or radical prostatectomy.