bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac imaging to predict malignant arrhythmias in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Paterson Toby , Pooranachandran Vivetha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major contributor to cardiovascular disease mortality, accounting for approximately half of all related deaths. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) presents itself as a common yet challenging cardiac condition. High-risk patients could potentially benefit from implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). However, the limited capacity to accurately identify these individuals results in unnecessary procedures for some and overlooked preventative measures for others, leading to potentially avoidable mortality. The conventional approach to assessing the risk of SCD has primarily involved evaluating the ejection fraction (EF) via echocardiography. However, advanced cardiac imaging techniques, such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) have emerged as promising non-invasive methods for VA and SCD risk assessment. These imaging modalities offer valuable insights into the structural and functional abnormalities that predispose individuals to sudden cardiac death. As a result, these advanced imaging methods have the potential to enhance risk stratification and improve patient outcomes by identifying individuals at high risk of SCD who may benefit from early interventions. This review aims to fill a critical gap in current literature by identifying which imaging features are most strongly associated with malignant arrhythmias in NICM, thus moving beyond traditional risk markers. Each modality provides unique insights into structural, functional, or metabolic changes that may indicate arrhythmogenic potential in NICM. Systematically assessing each imaging method's strengths contributes to a deeper understanding of their individual roles in risk stratification.
Convergence speed and approximation accuracy of numerical MCMC
Authors: Cui Tiangang , Dong Jing , Jasra Ajay , Tong Xin T. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWhen implementing Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, perturbation caused by numerical errors is sometimes inevitable. This paper studies how the perturbation of MCMC affects the convergence speed and approximation accuracy. Our results show that when the original Markov chain converges to stationarity fast enough and the perturbed transition kernel is a good approximation to the original transition kernel, the corresponding perturbed sampler has fast convergence speed and high approximation accuracy as well. Our convergence analysis is conducted under either the Wasserstein metric or the
$\chi^2$
metric, both are widely used in the literature. The results can be extended to obtain non-asymptotic error bounds for MCMC estimators. We demonstrate how to apply our convergence and approximation results to the analysis of specific sampling algorithms, including Random walk Metropolis, Metropolis adjusted Langevin algorithm with perturbed target densities, and parallel tempering Monte Carlo with perturbed densities. Finally, we present some simple numerical examples to verify our theoretical claims.
Hidden tail chains and recurrence equations for dependence parameters associated with extremes of stationary higher-order Markov chains
Authors: Papastathopoulos Ioannis , Casey Adrian , Tawn Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We derive some key extremal features for stationary kth-order Markov chains that can be used to understand how the process moves between an extreme state and the body of the process. The chains are studied given that there is an exceedance of a threshold, as the threshold tends to the upper endpoint of the distribution. Unlike previous studies with

$k>1$

, we consider processes where standard limit theory describes each extreme event as a single observation without any information about the transition to and from the body of the distribution. Our work uses different asymptotic theory which results in non-degenerate limit laws for such processes. We study the extremal properties of the initial distribution and the transition probability kernel of the Markov chain under weak assumptions for broad classes of extremal dependence structures that cover both asymptotically dependent and asymptotically independent Markov chains. For chains with

$k>1$

, the transition of the chain away from the exceedance involves novel functions of the k previous states, in comparison to just the single value, when

$k=1$

. This leads to an increase in the complexity of determining the form of this class of functions, their properties, and the method of their derivation in applications. We find that it is possible to derive an affine normalization, dependent on the threshold excess, such that non-degenerate limiting behaviour of the process, in the neighbourhood of the threshold excess, is assured for all lags. We find that these normalization functions have an attractive structure that has parallels to the Yule–Walker equations. Furthermore, the limiting process is always linear in the innovations. We illustrate the results with the study of kth-order stationary Markov chains with exponential margins based on widely studied families of copula dependence structures.
Post-COVID Mental Health Crises: Globally Minded for Solutions and Solidarity
Authors: Su Zhaohui , Bentley Barry L. , McDonnell Dean , Cheshmehzangi Ali , Šegalo Sabina , da Veiga Claudimar Pereira , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Mental health is deteriorating quickly and significantly globally post-COVID. Though there were already over 1 billion people living with mental disorders pre-pandemic, in the first year of COVID-19 alone, the prevalence of anxiety and depression soared by 25% worldwide. In light of the chronic shortages of mental health provider and resources, along with disruptions of available health services caused by the pandemic and COVID-related restrictions, technology is widely believed to hold the key to addressing rising mental health crises. However, hurdles such as fragmented and often suboptimal patient protection measures substantially undermine technology’s potential to address the global mental health crises effectively, reliably, and at scale. To shed light on these issues, this paper aims to discuss the post-pandemic challenges and opportunities the global community could leverage to improve society’s mental health en masse.
The Application of the Resilient Children, Resilient Communities Initiative to Dominica: A Conceptual Overview
Authors: Balkaran Thalia , Schlegelmilch Jeff 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The impact of disasters on the health and wellbeing of children is well documented, with children identified as bellwethers of community recovery. It has also been demonstrated that building community-wide resilience benefits from being approached through a child-centric model of community participation. While much of this work has been focused on the USA, there is a need to develop models to adapt these approaches in international environments. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are particularly at risk for disaster events. SIDS tend to have less diverse economies and a high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors that are vulnerable to disasters. The National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University along with Save the Children created The Resilient Children, Resilient Communities Initiative to build child-focused resilience within communities. The Initiative, which has already been applied to sites in the USA, is being adapted for the context of Dominica. The Initiative focuses on child-serving institutions and uses a Community Preparedness Index to quantify the current inventory of policies and practices related to children. The Initiative aims to implement strategies to improve the ability of the community to meet the needs of children in a disaster. This paper explores the application of these concepts surrounding the Initiative.
Characterizing the use of contextual factors in engineering design: an exploration of global health designer practice
Authors: Burleson Grace , Wojciechowski Lauren , Toyama Kentaro , Sienko Kathleen H. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Incorporating contextual factors into engineering design processes is recommended to develop solutions that function appropriately in their intended use contexts. In global health settings, failing to tailor solutions to their broader context has led to many product failures. Since prior work has thus far not investigated the use of contextual factors in global health design practice, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 experienced global health design practitioners. Our analysis identified 351 instances of participants incorporating contextual factors in their previous design experiences, which we categorized into a taxonomy of contextual factors, including 9 primary and 32 secondary classifications. We summarized and synthesized key patterns within all the identified contextual factor categories. Next, this study presents a descriptive model for incorporating contextual factors developed from our findings, which identifies that participants actively sought contextual information and made conscious decisions to adjust their solutions, target markets and implementation plans to accommodate contextual factors iteratively throughout their design processes. Our findings highlight how participants sometimes conducted formal evaluations while other times they relied on their own experience, the experience of a team member or other stakeholder engagement strategies. The research findings can ultimately inform design practice and engineering pedagogy for global health applications.
Characteristics of effective design support: insights from evaluating additive manufacturing design artefacts
Authors: Obilanade Didunoluwa , Törlind Peter , Dordlofva Christo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Evaluation approaches are needed to ensure the development of effective design support. These approaches help developers ensure that their design support possesses the general design support characteristics necessary to enable designers to achieve their desired outcomes. Consequently, evaluating design support based on these characteristics ensures that the design support fulfils its intended purpose.
This work reviews design support definitions and identifies and describes 11 design support characteristics. The characteristics are applied to evaluate a proposed design support that uses additive manufacturing (AM) design artefacts (AMDAs) to explore design uncertainties. Product-specific design artefacts were designed and tested to investigate buildability limits and the relationship between surface roughness and fatigue performance of a design feature in a space industry component. The AMDA approach aided the investigation of design uncertainties, identified design solution constraints, and uncovered previously unknown uncertainties. However, the results provided by product-specific artefacts depend on how well the user frames their problem and understands their AM process and product. Hence, iterations can be required. Based on the evaluation of the AMDA process, setting test evaluation criteria is recommended, and the AMDA method is proposed.
Changing Urban Movements Repertoires Following the Erosion of Porto Alegre’s Participatory Budgeting: From Institutionalized Participation to Deinstitutionalization
Authors: Lefebvre Jonas 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
In Brazil, numerous participatory institutions have been suspended over the past decades, including many participatory budgeting (PB) programs at the municipal level. Since the introduction of PB in Porto Alegre in 1989, extensive literature has discussed its effects on the way urban social movements make demands. However, the suspension of many PBs across Brazil raises a new question: how do these movements adapt following the loss of an arena that had become central to their efforts? Looking at the pioneering experience of Porto Alegre’s PB, whose progressive erosion started in 2002, I argue that urban movements have since shifted away from institutionalized participation routines, and adopted new routines that combine bureaucratic activism with proximity politics. Focusing on these movements’ repertoires of interactions I argue that the erosion of PB led to the deinstitutionalization of urban social movements.
Generic properties of topological groups
Authors: Elekes Márton , Gehér Boglárka , Kátay Tamás , Keleti Tamás , Kocsis Anett , Pálfy Máté 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We study generic properties of topological groups in the sense of Baire category.
First, we investigate countably infinite groups. We extend a classical result of B. H. Neumann, H. Simmons and A. Macintyre on algebraically closed groups and the word problem. Recently, I. Goldbring, S. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, and Y. Lodha proved that every isomorphism class is meager among countably infinite groups. In contrast, it follows from the work of W. Hodges on model-theoretic forcing that there exists a comeager isomorphism class among countably infinite abelian groups. We present a new elementary proof of this result.
Then, we turn to compact metrizable abelian groups. We use Pontryagin duality to show that there is a comeager isomorphism class among compact metrizable abelian groups. We discuss its connections to the countably infinite case.
Finally, we study compact metrizable groups. We prove that the generic compact metrizable group is neither connected nor totally disconnected; also it is neither torsion-free nor a torsion group.
Sparking Freedom: Enslaved Resistance in Fredericksburg and Stafford, Virginia
Authors: Sims Gaila 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Inspired in large part by the author’s residence on the grounds of a former plantation in Stafford County, Virginia, Sparking Freedom highlights local stories of enslaved resistance. The program incorporates stops at multiple National Park Service sites, as well as several other historic locations and the Fredericksburg Area Museum. Combining historical documentation and archival research, the tour features accounts of enslaved resistance including an uprising of enslaved men at Chatham Plantation in the winter of 1805, the story of Anthony Burns, an enslaved man who escaped to Boston in 1853 but was later apprehended under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, and enslaved individuals like Bethany Veney who resisted sales and auctions. Sparking Freedom is a highly personal example of innovative and engaging public history work honoring enslaved communities.
ON NEIGHBOURHOODS IN THE ENHANCED POWER GRAPH ASSOCIATED WITH A FINITE GROUP
Authors: LEWIS MARK L. , MONETTA CARMINE 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate neighbourhood sizes in the enhanced power graph (also known as the cyclic graph) associated with a finite group. In particular, we characterise finite p-groups with the smallest maximum size for neighbourhoods of a nontrivial element in its enhanced power graph.
LOWER BOUNDS FOR THE MAHLER MEASURE AND INERTIA DEGREES OF PRIMES
Authors: LAISHRAM SHANTA , PRASAD GOREKH 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We investigate the relationship between lower bounds for the Mahler measure and splitting of primes, and prove various lower bounds for the Mahler measure of algebraic integers in terms of the least common multiples of all inertia degrees of primes. The results generalise work of the second author and Kumar [‘Lehmer’s problem and splitting of rational primes in number fields’, Acta Math. Hungar.169(2) (2023), 349–358].
Persistent properties from the Gromov–Hausdorff viewpoint
Authors: Khan Abdul Gaffar , Morales Carlos Arnoldo , Das Tarun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce topologically IGH-stable, IGH-persistent,average IGH-persistent and pointwise weakly topologically IGH-stable homeomorphisms of compact metric spaces. We prove that every topologically IGH-stable homeomorphism is topologically stable and every expansive topologically stable homeomorphism of a compact manifold is topologically IGH-stable. We further prove that every equicontinuous pointwise weakly topologically IGH-stable homeomorphism is IGH-persistent and every pointwise minimally expansive IGH-persistent homeomorphism is pointwise weakly topologically IGH-stable. Finally, we prove that every mean equicontinuous pointwise weakly topologically IGH-stable homeomorphism is average IGH-persistent.
Analysis of the mitochondrial genome to determine the origins and pathways of entry of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in continental Europe (Valencia, Spain)
Authors: Gómez-Samblás Mercedes , Navarro-Dominguez Beatriz , Sáez-Durán Sandra , Osuna Antonio , Bueno-Marí Rubén , Galán-Puchades María Teresa , Fuentes Màrius V. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the rat lungworm, is a zoonotic parasite mainly of rats which act as definitive hosts. If humans become accidentally infected, the nematode is capable of migrating to the brain causing meningoencephalitis. Intermediate hosts are snails and slugs. Although originating from mainland China, A. cantonensis has now spread to various countries and continents. The precise timing of its departure from mainland China remains uncertain although it is often associated with significant historical events or migratory movements. The exit of A. cantonensis from mainland China is believed to have occurred in a singular event, followed by its divergence into 2 distinct clades: clade I, originating from mainland China, and clade II, representing global spread. Angiostrongylus cantonensis was first identified in continental Europe in 2021, specifically in Valencia, Spain. Illumina genome sequencing of 7 individuals isolated from rats captured in 2 different districts in the city of Valencia was carried out. The complete mitochondrial genome was assembled and compared with published A. cantonensis mitochondrial genomes through Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, both for complete mitochondrial genomes and for the cytochrome c oxidase I gene, given its widespread use for identification of the species. The findings revealed the presence of 2 different A. cantonensis haplotypes in the rats studied in Valencia, both belonging to clade II. In 2 rats both clades were present.
Cognitive impairment in the schizophrenia spectrum: exploring the relationships of the g-factor with sociodemography, psychopathology, neurodevelopment, and genetics
Authors: Yeh Delphine , He Qin , Krebs Emma , Iftimovici Anton , Martinez Gilles , Bourgin-Duchesnay Julie , Mouaffak Fayçal , Danset-Alexandre Charlotte , de Gasquet Marie , Jantac Célia , Bendjemaa Narjes , Chaumette Boris , Krebs Marie-Odile , Scoriels Linda 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment constitutes a prevailing issue in the schizophrenia spectrum, severely impacting patients' functional outcomes. A global cognitive score, sensitive to the stages of the spectrum, would benefit the exploration of potential factors involved in the cognitive decline.MethodsFirst, we performed principal component analysis on cognitive scores from 768 individuals across the schizophrenia spectrum, including first-degree relatives of patients, individuals at ultra-high risk, who had a first-episode psychosis, and chronic schizophrenia patients, alongside 124 healthy controls. The analysis provided 10 g-factors as global cognitive scores, validated through correlations with intelligence quotient and assessed for their sensitivity to the stages on the spectrum using analyses of variance. Second, using the g-factors, we explored potential mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in the schizophrenia spectrum using correlations with sociodemographic, clinical, and developmental data, and linear regressions with genotypic data, pooled through meta-analyses.ResultsThe g-factors were highly correlated with intelligence quotient and with each other, confirming their validity. They presented significant differences between subgroups along the schizophrenia spectrum. They were positively correlated with educational attainment and the polygenic risk score (PRS) for cognitive performance, and negatively correlated with general psychopathology of schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental load, and the PRS for schizophrenia.ConclusionsThe g-factors appeared as valid estimators of global cognition, enabling discerning cognitive states within the schizophrenia spectrum. Educational attainment and genetics related to cognitive performance may have a positive influence on cognitive functioning, while general psychopathology of schizophrenia, neurodevelopmental load, and genetic liability to schizophrenia may have an adverse impact.
Major depression symptom severity associations with willingness to exert effort and patch foraging strategy
Authors: Bustamante Laura A. , Barch Deanna M. , Solis Johanne , Oshinowo Temitope , Grahek Ivan , Konova Anna B. , Daw Nathaniel D. , Cohen Jonathan D. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) can experience reduced motivation and cognitive function, leading to challenges with goal-directed behavior. When selecting goals, people maximize ‘expected value’ by selecting actions that maximize potential reward while minimizing associated costs, including effort ‘costs’ and the opportunity cost of time. In MDD, differential weighing of costs and benefits are theorized mechanisms underlying changes in goal-directed cognition and may contribute to symptom heterogeneity.MethodsWe used the Effort Foraging Task to quantify cognitive and physical effort costs, and patch leaving thresholds in low effort conditions (reflecting perceived opportunity cost of time) and investigated their shared versus distinct relationships to clinical features in participants with MDD (N = 52, 43 in-episode) and comparisons (N = 27).ResultsContrary to our predictions, none of the decision-making measures differed with MDD diagnosis. However, each of the measures was related to symptom severity, over and above effects of ability (i.e. performance). Greater anxiety symptoms were selectively associated with lower cognitive effort cost (i.e. greater willingness to exert effort). Anhedonia and behavioral apathy were associated with increased physical effort costs. Finally, greater overall depression was related to decreased patch leaving thresholds.ConclusionsMarkers of effort-based decision-making may inform understanding of MDD heterogeneity. Increased willingness to exert cognitive effort may contribute to anxiety symptoms such as worry. Decreased leaving threshold associations with symptom severity are consistent with reward rate-based accounts of reduced vigor in MDD. Future research should address subtypes of depression with or without anxiety, which may relate differentially to cognitive effort decisions.