bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examinations on the Grain Size/Scattered Light Value Relation of Extruded Aluminium AIMSi0.5
Authors: Geisler T. , Manns M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The quality of technical surfaces depends significantly on the resource structures of the semi-finished product. To confirm the impact of the crystalline composition on the measuring results of scattered light technology we suggest in this article on the example of aluminium to put the measuring results in relation to the micro properties via metallographic preparation and microscopy. The main goal is to be able to determine the grain size by scattered light technology. The results determined show that a coarse grain test during an in-situ examination of aluminium is possible. The measuring method also offers the potential for the surface examination of other types of material.
Simulations of Heat Transfer in Thermoplastic Injection Molds Manufactured by Additive Techniques
Authors: Sardo L. , Daldoul W. , Vincent M. , Toulorge T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe cost and quality of complex thermoplastic parts manufactured by injection are traditionally limited by the design constraints on the mold cooling system. A possible way to overcome this problem is to produce the mold by additive manufacturing, which makes it possible to freely design the shape and position of the cooling channels. Such molds can have hollow spaces in order to reduce the manufacturing time by Selective Laser Melting and the use of costly materials. The complex geometry resulting from optimized cooling channels and hollow regions makes the prediction of the cooling system performance difficult. This work aims to devise a numerical methodology for the simulation of heat transfer phenomena between the polymer, the mold and the cooling channels. An Immersed Volume approach is chosen, where the different parts of the domain (i.e. the polymer, the cooling channels, the hollow regions and the mold) are represented implicitly and the thermo-mechanical properties of the materials vary smoothly at the interface between the parts. The energy and momentum equations are solved by a stabilized Finite Element method. In order to accurately resolve the large variations of material properties and the steep temperature gradients at interfaces, state-of-the art anisotropic mesh refinement techniques are employed. In a first step, we perform thermal calculations only. We then consider the proper thermo-mechanical coupling in the packing stage, as well as the ejection stage and the thermal contact resistance between the polymer part and the mold, in order to weight their influence on the part and the mold temperatures. The modeling strategy is first validated on a simple geometry of a center-gated disk and compared with experimental measurements. The agreement between the experimental results and the simulation is good. Simulations are then performed on an industrial case which illustrates the ability of the method to deal with complex geometries.
УКРАЇНСЬКА ФОРТЕПІАННА ЕЛЕГІЯ ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ. У КОНТЕКСТІ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО РОМАНТИЗМУ
Authors: Лігус Ольга Марківна 
Published: March 2019

Мета дослідження. У статті розкривається специфіка романтичного стилю в українській фортепіанній музиці на прикладі елегій, які розглядаються у контексті європейського романтизму. Елегії М. Лисенка, Я. Степового та С. Людкевича, написані на початку ХХ ст., порівнюються з елегіями західноєвропейських та російських романтиків (Ж. Массне, Е. Ґріґа, А. Аренського). Методологію дослідження складають: концепція еволюції українського романтизму Л. Корній (для обґрунтування стильових узагальнень); теоретичний метод моделювання (для побудови аналогій між жанрово-стильовими принципами європейських та українських романтиків); історично-порівняльний метод (для визначення спільних та відмінних жанрово-стилістичних ознак в елегіях українських та зарубіжних авторів). Наукова новизна роботи полягає у розгляді української фортепіанної музики (зокрема, жанру елегії) у контексті європейського романтизму з метою вияву специфіки романтичного стилю. Висновки. Доведено, що романтизм в українській фортепіанній музиці розвивався на основі органічної взаємодії національного та інонаціонального стильових компонентів. Створюючи зразки жанру елегії, українські композитори орієнтувалися на творчість західноєвропейських чи то російських романтиків, спиралися на жанрово-інтонаційні джерела українського фольклору та переосмислювали характерні художні тенденції епохи крізь призму національного музичного світовідчуття. Квінтесенцією романтичного стилю в українській фортепіанній музиці початку ХХ ст. стала Елегія С. Людкевича, в якій композитор створив український національний варіант цього жанру.
СЦЕНІЧНИЙ ОБРАЗ УКРАЇНКИ ЯК ВІДОБРАЖЕННЯ СТАНОВИЩА ЖІНКИ НА ЗЛАМІ XIX–XX СТОЛІТЬ
Authors: Pohutsa Natalia 
Published: March 2019

Мета статті – дослідити соціокультурні причини, які зумовили формування переважно трагічного образу жінки на сцені українського професійного театру. Створені, в обмеженому театральному просторі М. Заньковецькою, образи жінок із народу розкривали силу характеру, глибину почуттів, духовну красу українки, приреченої на страждання силою обставин, однак не жалюгідної, а величної у важких випробуваннях. Художня правда сценічного образу відображала правду життя й характер українки, а через глядацьке сприйняття виявляла також ставлення до жінки в традиційній українській культурі, носієм якої був масовий український глядач. Методологія дослідження полягає в застосуванні історико-порівняльного, культурологічного та мистецтвознавчого методів. Зазначений методологічний підхід дозволяє розкрити художню правду сценічного образу українки як відображення правди життя гнобленого народу, проаналізувати історичні, культурологічні й естетичні аспекти еволюції українського театрального простору. Реалізація поставленої мети передбачає вирішення таких завдань: охарактеризувати особливості становлення і розвитку професійного українського театру; визначити причини обмеження театрального простору; виявити взаємозалежність обмеженого театрального простору та сценічного образу українки, створеного М. Заньковецькою. Висновки. Виявлено, що театральний простір, у якому функціонував класичний український театр, був обмежений комплексом урядових заборон. З’ясовано також, що специфіка глядацької аудиторії, котра на зламі XIX–XX ст. представляла неповноструктурне українське суспільство, була одним із чинників відсутності в репертуарі українського театру драматичних творів з життя інтелігенції.
КАТЕГОРІЯ СТИЛЮ У ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ НАУКОВЦІВ
Authors: Наку Анастасія Валеріївна 
Published: March 2019

Мета роботи узагальнити досвід уживання й аналізу категорії стилю в науковій літературі. Методи дослідження. Основою даного дослідження є джерела, в яких було проаналізовано процес формування категорії стилю. Проведено аналіз змін, що відбувалися з дефініцією «стиль» у контексті соціокультурних процесів. Наукова новизна. У дослідженні було виявлено, що різні періоди становлення стилю мали свої характеристики та особливості. У мистецтвознавстві, літературознавстві, в галузі дизайну одягу та ін. сферах культури цей термін багатозначний, світоглядно та методологічно орієнтовний, тому й суперечливий. У статті вперше категорія стилю розглядається в контексті стильових напрямів та мікростилів, які можуть бути презентовані як різноаспектні складові впливу на колекції європейських дизайнерів одягу поч. ХХІ ст. Висновки. Проаналізувавши численні праці науковців у сфері мистецтва, естетики, філософії, літературознавства, fashion-індустрії, можемо зазначити, що категорія стилю тлумачиться в різних галузях не ідентично та характеризується багатозначністю. У fashion-індустрії це поняття може потрактовуватися як явище загальноестетичне та соціокультурне.
Tobit or not Tobit?
Authors: Stewart Jay 
Published: March 2019

Time-diary surveys collect detailed information about individuals' activities over a short period of time, typically one day. Thus, it is common to see zero time spent in many activities, even for individuals who regularly do the activity. Because of the large number of zeros, Tobit would seem to be the natural approach. However, once it is recognized that these zeros arise not from censoring, but from a mismatch between the reference period of the data (the diary day) and the period of interest (typically much longer than a day), it is not clear that Tobit is appropriate. I examine the bias associated with alternative procedures for estimating the marginal effects of covariates on time use. I begin by adapting the infrequency of purchase model to time-diary data and showing that OLS estimates are unbiased. Next, using simulated data, I examine the bias associated with three procedures that are commonly used to analyze time-diary data – Tobit, the Cragg [11] two-part model, and OLS. I find that the estimated marginal effects from Tobit are biased and that the bias increases with the fraction of zero-value observations. The two-part model performs significantly better, but generates biased estimates when the number of zeros is a function of the covariates. Only OLS generates unbiased estimates in all of the simulations considered here.
Public Use Microdata: Disclosure and Usefulness
Authors: McGuckin Robert H. , Nguyen Sang V. 
Published: March 2019

Official statistical agencies such as the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics collect enormous quantities of microdata in statistical surveys. These data are valuable for economic research and market and policy analysis. However, the data cannot be released to the public because of confidentiality commitments to individual respondents. These commitments, coupled with the strong research demand for microdata, have led the agencies to consider various proposals for releasing public use microdata. Most proposals for public use microdata call for the development of surrogate data that disguise the original data. Thus, they involve the addition of measurement errors to the data. In this paper, we examine disclosure issues and explore alternative masking methods for generating panels of useful economic microdata which can be released to researchers. While our analysis applies to all confidential microdata, applications using the Census Bureau's Longitudinal Research Data Base (LRD) are used for illustrative purposes throughout the discussion.
The Multisectoral Dynamic Model of IRI: A Policy Simulation
Authors: Mandarino Nicola 
Published: March 2019

IRI (“Istituto per la Ricostruzione lndustriale”) is the largest mixed-state enterprise of Italy: because of its size and scope, the question has often arisen on how IRI's policy decisions are influenced and in turn influence the Italian economy. This paper attempts to indicate a method for the evaluation of this interrelationship via input-output techniques. A dynamic input-output model partitioned between IRI and the Rest Of the Country has been built in order to endogenize investments, such a crucial factor in corporate strategies. Moreover, the I/O framework has been used to analyze the effects of corporate shifts in the sectoral portfolio diversification, where acquisition and selling policies can substantially modify the production structure of a large company. The policy exercise presented here builds on the compilation of an extensive database, mainly focused on evaluating sectoral capital stocks from establishment data. The results of the model are discussed to envisage how 1991–95 IRI's sectoral investments and production plans will be affected by the macroeconomic scenarios. On the other hand, since IRI plans are adjusted annually, an application of the proposed methodology may point out to policy-makers which changes are needed in investment outlays in order to achieve economic targets.
Development of Estimates of Emergency Operating Capacity for 4-Digit SIC Manufacturing Industries
Authors: Belzer D.B. , Kellogg M.A. , Roop J.M. 
Published: March 2019

With the increased likelihood of budget reductions in defense expenditures, the question of how the United States might respond to a future national emergency is a key concern of many policy planners. As part of the planning process, national emergency planners require estimates of available productive capacity during emergency conditions to allow development of integrated policies for industrial preparedness. The paper summarizes the concepts, methods, and results of a study of emergency operating capacity (EOC) at the 4-digit standard industrial code (SIC) industry level of aggregation. The data used for empirical estimation are the historical capacity utilization measures collected by the Bureau of Census in the Survey of Plant Capacity (SPC). These utilization measures are used in conjunction with industry output measures to develop estimates of “practical” capacity by 4-digit SIC industry. Data collected in the SPC on weekly plant hours are used to obtain preliminary estimates of the additional “emergency” capacity expected from plant operation of 7 days per week, 24 hours per day.
Comparison of Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditure Estimates from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey and the Consumer Expenditure Survey
Authors: Walden Daniel C. , Miller Richard , Cohen Steven B. 
Published: March 2019

The 1987 National Expenditure Survey was conducted by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, USPHS to provide an assessment of the health care utilization, expenditures, sources of payment and health coverage of the civilian noninstitutional population. The Consumer Expenditure Survey (CEX) is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides a continuous and comprehensive flow of data on the buying habits of consumers though the collection of information on the expenditures, income, and socio-demographic characteristics of customer units. It is designed to support Consumer Price Index revisions and social and economic analyses. Differences in family out-of-pocket expenditures for hospital services, physician services, services by other practitioners, lab tests and x-ray services, nursing services, eye glasses and contact lenses, dental services, prescription medicines are compared. Differences in the distributions of these expenditures are explored as are the association of differences with population characteristics.
CPS Earnings Data for the Self-Employed: Words of Caution for Use and Interpretation
Authors: Devine Theresa J. 
Published: March 2019

This paper examines several problems that one faces when using self-employment earnings data from the Annual Demographic Files for the 1976–91 March CPS, including: (i) variation in earnings definitions across different classes of workers (wage-and-salary, unincorporated self-employed, and incorporated self-employed workers), (ii) changes in earnings definitions between years,(iii) relatively high nonresponse rates for the self-employed (about 30 percent, versus 17–19 percent for wage-and-salary workers), and (iv) inaccurate coding of earnings imputation flags in the public use files. In short, the evidence presented here suggests that how one handles each of these problems can have a significant effect on estimates of the returns to time spent self-employed. The author thanks John Coder, Enrique Lamas, Chuck Nelson, and Ed Welnaik for their willingness to answer her long list of questions about Census procedures, and Joyce Mlakar, John Morgan, and Amy Pavelko for their help in sorting out the tax code. Support from the Census Research Fellow Program and the National Science Foundation (SES 90–23–776 and SES 90–103–07) is gratefully acknowledged.
Forms and rates of economic and physical depreciation by type of assets in Canadian industries
Authors: Hwang Jang C. 
Published: March 2019

This paper introduces a method for performing large-scale studies of forms and rates of economic and physical depreciation by type of assets in Canadian industries. A fractional function representation for the form of economic depreciation is introduced where the numerator represents the form of economic depreciation without adjustment, and the denominator represents the form of either the gross or the net physical depreciation. This representation provides a clear picture of the relationship in both form and rate between economic and physical depreciation. The forms of economic and physical depreciation (except the gross physical depreciation) are all convex, while the exceptional one is concave. This is one of the research papers studied at Statistics Canada in the evolving search for a better methodology for estimating depreciation patterns. Based on the findings of this paper, with more survey data available, and following a more conventional approach, a project is currently underway at Statistics Canada. Gross physical depreciation will be considered as one of the adjustment factors for the price-age-date profile.
Coherent accounting of industry growth: A case study of Denmark 1970–2005
Authors: Reich Utz-Peter 
Published: March 2019

The yearly growth of an industry is commonly measured by valuing its output and its intermediate consumption at previous year's prices, forming the balance called value added, and subtracting from it previous year's value added. The result may be expressed as a percentage of previous year's value added– the common usage– or as an amount of value measured in previous year's currency, which is the approach used in this paper. Although superficially equivalent, the two expressions lend themselves to different quantitative results and economic interpretations of an industry's long-term growth. Using the Danish case as an example, the paper demonstrates the lack of coherence of the conventional method when applied to actual figures, and suggests a remedy based on introducing the general price level as a third explicit variable, besides prices and volumes, into the decomposition method. The paper is not an exercise in index numbers, but is addressed to the practitioner of national accounts.
UJI BOBOT SERTA METODE PENEMPATAN UMBI BIBIT DALAM LUBANG TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KENTANG MERAH (Solanum tuberosum.L)
Authors: Adnan Adnan 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan uji BNT pada tingkat signifikan 5%. Perlakuan eksperimental menggunakan dua faktor, yaitu bobot umbi kentang (B) dan metode menempatkan benih di lubang tanam (K). Faktor perlakuan pertama adalah bobot umbi bibit (B) empat (tingkat yang terdiri dari B1 = 25-30 gram, B2 = 35-40 gram, B3 = 45-50 gram dan B4 = 55-60 gram. Faktor perlakuan kedua adalah metode penempatan bibit di lubang tanam (K) empat level terdiri dari K1 = posisi umbi membentuk sudut 00, K2 = posisi umbi membentuk sudut 300, K3 = posisi umbi membentuk sudut 600 dan K4 = posisi umbi membentuk sudut 900. Berdasarkan uji lanjut tes BNT dengan taraf 5%, perlakuan tunggal bobot umbi 45-50 gram dan perlakuan tunggal letak umbi 30o berbedanyata dengan perlakuan lainnya terhadap jumlah umbi. kombinasi dari dua perlakuan bobot umbi dari 55-60 gram ditempatkan pada metode penempatan letak umbi 900 berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya terhadap jumlah batang. Perlakuan bobot umbi 60o berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya terhadap bobot basah. Kombinasi bobot umbi 55-60 gram pada letak umbi 90o terdapat interaksi pada variabel bobot basah.. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah perlakuan tunggal bobot umbi 45-50 gram dengan perlakuan tunggal letak umbi 300 berpengaruh terhadap jumlah umbi. Kombinasi bobot umbi 55-60 gram ditempatkan pada letak umbi 60o menghasilkan jumlah umbi optimum, tetapi kombinasi dua perlakuan 55-60 gram yang ditempatkan letak umbi 900 terdapat interaksi pada variabel bobot basah.
Kinerja Kemandirian Keuangan Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM) Berbasis Perempuan Studi Pada Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang
Authors: Pakkanna Mukhaer 
Published: March 2019

The one of the formal financial media that can reach (outreach) and welfare of poor rural communities is through MFIs (Microfinance Institutions). Of course, the MFI is the ‘healthy’ and financially independent. This study aims to reveal the performance of financial independence (MFIs semi-formal, especially the cooperative of the female members based) on the fishery area, North Tangerang, Banten. In addition, it also reveals the performance of MFIs in increasing the coverage to members. Hence, to address the issue of technical guidelines on the use of performance indicators (sustainability) of financial from regulation of the Minister of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises republic of Indonesia No. 20/Per/M.KUKM/XI/2008 and indicators organized by Ledgerwood (1999). The research found the fact that the MFI fishing communities (coastal) recorded the ‘healthy’category (KCP Pakuhaji = 93.40, KCP Mekar Baru = 85.90 and KCP Mauk = 79.90). In addition, the size of the financial health also seen a low level of bad debts (nonperforming loan) on a MFIs semi-formal members. The low nonperforming loan strongly associated with the institutional capacity to implement financing programs that already in the early design and is compatible with the wishes of the members.
Pengaruh Manajemen Modal Kerja Terhadap Profitabilitas Dan Risiko
Authors: Ningsih Sri Setia 
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research is to know about working capital management applied, and its influence on profitability and risk. The research object is trading company moves in import & distribute chemical raw material. The research used analysis descriptive method, and the hypothesis was testing by simple linier regression, correlation, and determination. The result of the research shows that the effect of the implementation of working capital management on the change of the net working capital with tend to rise has a profitability level of 10.4% lower than the net working capital change with tend to go down of 46%, but instead on the risk level, the net working capital change with tend to rise has a risk level of 43.8% higher than the change in net working capital with tend to go down of 0.3%.Based on t test, the result shows that the net working capital change influence is not significant to profitability and risk.
Uji Cemaran Mikroba Dalam Susu Kedelai Tanpa Merek Di Kecamatan Jaya Baru Kota Banda Aceh Secara Total Plate Count (TPC)
Authors: Safrida Yuni Dewi , Raihanaton Raihanaton , Ananda Ananda 
Published: March 2019

<p>Soy Milk is white-yellow liquid or kind of beverage that produced by home Industry which should shown about its quality and hygienic to prevented from microba. The purpose of this research is to find out the level of Microba contamination from No-Brand Soy Milk that sold in Jaya Baru Banda Aceh. This research conducted in May 7 th – 12 th 2018 at AKAFARMA Laboratory, Banda Aceh. The sample was No-Brand Soy Milk that taken from six different places and analyzed by using Random Sampling. It was a descriptive research and using TPC as the method. The result shown that first LT TPC was 23×106 colony/ml, second E was 49×106 colony/ml, third LD was 86×106 colony/ml, forth B was 28×107 colony/ml, fifth LB was 26×106 colony/ml and the last PBC was 50×105 colony/ml, it can be conclude that the sixth-samples of Soy Milk that sold In Jaya Baru, Banda Aceh were not eligible to SNI tandard, No.06.8-7388-2009 that has 5×104 colony/ml as its TPC toward the Soy Milk extrac.</p>