bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Production Optimization Using Thermodynamics Hydrate Inhibition Flow Assurance Method
Authors: Nwankwo Kenechukwu Obiajulu 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Production from gas wells could be very challenging and can lead to spontaneous shutting down of wells for reasons other than known equipment or operational. Some of these wells shut in, not because of surface or sub surface pressure safety settings, but due to Joule Thompson effect. The case study well in this paper is producing but shuts down frequently.
The main aim of studying this well is because it is the fuel gas source to the flow station. It is used to run the instruments and the turbine generators, hence production sustainability of the wells in this field depends on the well. This became even more crucial when the well began to shut down frequently, without an immediate known cause.
A temperature-sensitive production performance model was developed to mimic the well's performance from the gas reservoir for various surface bean sizes. It was then compared with the thermodynamic model of the well's tubing head and flow line conditions and optimized production rule was made subject to the flow assurance and reservoir management requirements.
Chemical hydrate inhibition program was found not to be of immediate necessity after the optimization modeling, hence well was produced by increasing choke size to increase the flow line pressure. This resulted to increase in the flow line temperature and the well was then produced at the non-hydrate formation region of the thermodynamic profile.
A stable and uninterrupted production was then achieved with choke increase. Frequent choke erosion as well as the Joule Thompson effect was eliminated by the choke increase. Cost of injection of chemical hydrate inhibitor (methanol) was then saved. Well production of about 800 BOEPD was also restored even with an optimum reservoir performance outside sustaining flow for other wells in the field (4,000 BOPD).
A Novel Dual Isolation System for Deep Water Injector Standalone Screen Completions
Authors: Okpalla C. , Chaloupka V. , Okengwu V. , Williams M. , MacMillan M. , Nwankwo U. , Kalu E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A major operator manages multiple, multi-well deep water projects in West Africa. For two such projects in Congo and Nigeria, it was determined that sand control was necessary and a standalone screen (SAS) completion was an efficient and cost-effective means for providing sand control for the majority of wells in both projects. This paper describes a new and unique feature of the SAS completion, called the Dual Isolation Assembly (DIA) that addresses many challenges and its application in Nigeria on the Egina Project.
Standard SAS completions incorporate a circulation path down the workstring, through the float shoe, and back to surface through the work string by casing annulus for circulation, pressure maintenance, and removal of the filter cake at the operation's conclusion. The capability to wash down through the toe of the system while running in the well requires washpipe seals inside the float shoe, which incorporates spring-loaded valves that open during pumping but close when pumping stops. In addition to the wash-down capability, the washpipe incorporates a shifter for closing an uphole isolation valve with the ability to reopen the valve, if necessary.
For an injector well, the flow path into the formation is through the sand control screens and float shoe from the inside. The path is the opposite for a producer well, which flows from the formation to inside the screen while the float shoe is closed. Because of the different natures of the flow paths, the float shoe is continuously exercised in an injector well as a result of injection fluid starts and stops. During injection, if the opening pressure of the float shoe spring is exceeded, it could stay open over time, causing loss of integrity of the float shoe. When pumping stops, the flow path into the screen through the float shoe could heave formation particles back into the wellbore as a result of the reservoir being energized upon injection shutdown. The DIA provides secondary and permanent isolation of the float shoe, as requested by the operator, and is capable of shifting a barrier isolation valve installed in the lower completion to comply with the operator's barrier policy for deepwater wells. The DIA and lower completion design allows the operator to safely place a filter-cake breaker treatment in the openhole after setting a lower completion packer.
In addition to fulfilling the requirements of these SAS completions, the DIA design addresses other potential challenges, such as hydraulic locks and any potential swabbing while manipulating the service tools. This paper describes the evolution of the DIA design and full quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) and operational procedures, which led to the successful deployment and excellent functionality of the DIA in 12 completions run to date in Nigeria.
Barriers from calling ambulance after recognizing stroke differed in adults younger or older than 75 years old in China
Authors: Li Shengde , Cui Li-Ying , Anderson Craig , Gao Chunpeng , Yu Chengdong , Shan Guangliang , Wang Longde , Peng Bin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: As health behavior varies with increasing age, we aimed to examine the potential barriers in calling emergency medical services (EMS) after recognizing a stroke among 40–74- and 75–99-year-old adults.
Methods: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional community-based study (FAST-RIGHT) that was conducted from January 2017 to May 2017 and involved adults (age ≥40 years) across 69 administrative areas in China. A subgroup of residents (153675) who recognized stroke symptoms was analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed in the 40–74 and 75–99 age groups, separately, to determine the factors associated with wait-and-see behaviors at the onset of a stroke.
Results: In the 40–74 and 75–99 age groups, the rates of participants who chose “Self-observation at home” were 3.0% (3912) and 3.5% (738), respectively; the rates of “Wait for family, then go to hospital” were 31.7% (42071) and 33.1% (6957), respectively. Rural residence, living with one's spouse, low income (< 731 US $ per annum), having a single avenue to learn about stroke, and having friends with stroke were factors associated with waiting for one's family in both groups. However, unlike in the 40–74 age group, sex, number of children, family history, and stroke history did not influence the behaviors at stroke onset in the 75–99 age group.
Conclusions: Different barriers from recognizing stroke and calling an ambulance exist in the 40-74 and 75-99 age groups in this specific population. Different strategies that mainly focus on changing the “Wait for family” behavior and emphasize on immediately calling EMS are recommended for both age groups.
Statistical risk prediction models for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in severe preeclampsia in a low-resource setting, Mpilo Central Hospital, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. A PhD Research Proposal.
Authors: Ngwenya Solwayo , Jones Brian , Heazell Alexander Edward Patrick , Mwembe Desmond 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This research proposal is for a PhD research project that is being done under the National University of Science and Technology in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality especially in low-resource settings. This study will address the need to develop and test statistical risk prediction models for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in low-resource settings. This will be the first time such research to produce risk prediction models would be carried out at a local or national level setting in Zimbabwe. Critically, new risk prediction models introduced for our clinical setting may reduce avoidable maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality at local, national, regional and international level.
Cerebral salt wasting in a patient with myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Orlik Lea , Venzin Reto , Fehr Thomas , Hohloch Karin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Cerebral salt wasting (CSW) is a rare metabolic disorder with severe hyponatremia and volume depletion usually caused by brain injury like trauma, cerebral lesion, tumor or a cerebral hematoma. The renal function is normal with excretion of very high amounts of sodium in the urine. Diagnosis is made by excluding other reasons for hyponatremia, mainly the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
Case report: A 60-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency room with pain in the upper abdomen and visual disturbance two weeks after knee replacement. The patient was confused with severe hematoma at the site of the knee endoprosthesis. Laboratory values showed massive thrombocytosis, leukocytosis, anemia, severe hyponatremia and no evidence of infection. CT scan of the abdomen was inconspicuous. Head MRI showed no ischemia or bleeding, but a mild microangiopathy. A myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) was suspected and confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome was identified as the cause of severe hyponatremia most likely provoked by cerebral microcirculatory disturbance. The hematoma at the operation site was interpreted as a result of a secondary von Willebrand syndrome (vWS) due to the myeloproliferative neoplasm with massive thrombocytosis. After starting cytoreductive therapy with hydroxycarbamide, thrombocytosis and blood sodium slowly improved along with normalization of his mental condition.
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of a patient with CSW most likely caused by a microcirculatory disturbance due to a massive thrombocytosis in the context of a myeloproliferative neoplasm.
Incidence of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A retrospective record review
Authors: Temesgen Belisty , Kibret Getiye Dejenu , Alamirew Nakachew Mekonnen , Alebel Animut 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus. Almost one-third of deaths among people living with human immunodeficiency virus are attributed to tuberculosis. Despite this fact, in Ethiopia, particularly in our study area there is a scarcity of information regarding the incidence and predictors of TB among peoples living with HIV. Thus, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-positive adults on ART.
Methods: A retrospective record review was conducted among 544 HIV-positive adults on ART at Debre Markos Referral Hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data extraction format was adapted from ART intake and follow-up forms. Data were entered using Epi-Data version 4.2 and analyzed using STATA Version 13. Tuberculosis free survival time was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve. Both the bi-variable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazard regression models were used to identify predictors of the time to develop TB.
Results: Among 492 HIV-positive adults included in the final analysis, 16.9% developed TB at the time of follow up. The incidence rate of TB was found to be 6.5 (95%CI: 5.2, 8.0) per 100-person years of observation. Advanced WHO clinical disease stage (III and IV) (AHR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2), being ambulatory and bedridden (AHR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1, 3.1), baseline opportunistic infections (AHR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7, 4.4), low hemoglobin level (AHR: 3.5, 95% CI: 2.1, 5.8), and not taking IPT (AHR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.9, 7.6) were found to be the predictors of TB.
Conclusion: In this study, a high incidence rate of TB was observed among HIV-positive adults. Advanced WHO clinical disease stage (III and IV), being ambulatory and bedridden, baseline opportunistic infections, low hemoglobin level, and not taking IPT were found to be the predictors of TB.
Keywords: HIV, Incidence, Predictors, TB
PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR (EGFR) IN HEAD AND NECK TUMOURS AT SOME SELECTED HOSPITAL IN GHANA
Authors: Barnes Precious , Yeboah F.A , Zhu Jinling , Saahene Roland Osei , Akakpo Patrick , Ephrraim Richard K.D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Abstract:
Background: Head and neck Tumour (HNT) are tumour of the paranasal sinuses, the salivary glands and the upper aero¬digestive tract. EGF can stimulate cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell growth, migration, and inhibit apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of EGFR in head and neck tumour.
Method: EGFR expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining on tissue samples from a consecutive series of 150 head and neck tumour patients who underwent tumor resections between 2014 and 2018.
Results: The relationship between EGFR expressions, clinicopathological factors, was investigated. qRT-PCR results showed that the EGFR expression was high in tumor tissue samples than in the normal head and neck tissues. High and low EGFR was compared with ages ≤40,>40 in the head and neck cancer of p- value 0.03. There was a significant difference between the histological differentiation of the malignant tumour with p values of 0.001, when well, moderate and poor was compared. There was a significant difference (p-value 0.012) between the I-II and III-IV tumour stages when the high level and low expression of EGFR were compared.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that EGFR plays an important role in head and neck tumour progression and that its expression will provide baseline data to facilitate identification of new molecular targeting therapeutics.
Keywords: EGFR, Head and neck tumour, Clinicopathological factors.
Metoclopramide versus sumatriptan in the treatment of migraine in the emergency department: a single-center, open-label, cluster-randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Funato Yumi , Kimura Akio , Matsuda Wataru , Uemura Tatsuki , Fukano Kentaro , Kobayashi Kentaro , Sasaki Ryo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Migraine is a common disease seen in the emergency department (ED). Triptans, which are recommended in therapeutic guidelines for migraine, have some contraindications and possible severe side effects. Metoclopramide, which is commonly used as an antiemetic, also seems to have pain-relieving effects for migraine. In this study, we will investigate whether metoclopramide 10 mg intravenously (IV) is non-inferior to sumatriptan 3 mg subcutaneously (SQ) as migraine treatment in the ED.

Methods

This study is a single-center, open-label, cluster-randomized controlled trial of 80 patients with migraine attacks to investigate the non-inferiority of metoclopramide to sumatriptan. The patients will be cluster-randomized monthly into metoclopramide 10 mg IV and sumatriptan 3 mg SQ arms. The primary outcome will be change in Numerical Rating Scale score for headache at 1 h after baseline.

Discussion

If our hypothesis is confirmed, metoclopramide can be considered as first-line medication for migraine attacks in ED settings.
Ketogenic diet and fasting diet as Nutritional Approaches in Multiple Sclerosis (NAMS): protocol of a randomized controlled study
Authors: Bahr Lina Samira , Bock Markus , Liebscher Daniela , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Franz Liane , Prüß Alexandra , Schumann Dania , Piper Sophie K. , Kessler Christian S. , Steckhan Nico , Michalsen Andreas , Paul Friedemann , Mähler Anja 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system in young adults that may lead to progressive disability. Since pharmacological treatments may have substantial side effects, there is a need for complementary treatment options such as specific dietary approaches. Ketone bodies that are produced during fasting (FD) and ketogenic diets (KD) are an alternative and presumably more efficient energy source for the brain. Studies on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis showed beneficial effects of KD and FD on disease progression, disability, cognition and inflammatory markers. However, clinical evidence on these diets is scarce. In the clinical study protocol presented here, we investigate if a KD and a FD are superior to a standard diet (SD) in terms of therapeutic effects and disease progression.

Methods

This study is a single-center, randomized, controlled, parallel-group study. One hundred eleven patients with relapsing-remitting MS with current disease activity and stable immunomodulatory therapy or no disease-modifying therapy will be randomized to one of three dietary interventions over 18 months. Dietary interventions are 1) a KD with a carbohydrate intake of 20-40 g/day, 2) a FD with 7 days of fasting every 6 months and 14 hours intermittent fasting daily in between, and 3) a fat-modified SD as recommended by the German Nutrition Society. Primary outcome measure is the number of new T2-weighted MRI lesions after 18 months. Secondary endpoints are safety, changes in relapse rate, disability progression, fatigue, depression, cognition, quality of life, changes of gut microbiome as well as markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy. Safety and feasibility will also be assessed.

Discussion

Preclinical data suggest that KD and FD may modulate immunity, reduce disease severity and promote remyelination in the mouse model of MS. However, clinical evidence is lacking. This study is the first clinical study investigating the effects of a KD and FD on disease progression of MS.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03508414; Registered 25 April 2018, retrospectively registered; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03508414
Atmiyata, a community led intervention to address common mental disorders: Study protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Gujarat, India
Authors: Joag Kaustubh , Kalha Jasmine , Pandit Deepa , Chatterjee Susmita , Krishnamoorthy Sadhvi , Shields-Zeeman Laura , Pathare Soumitra 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

While lay-health worker models for mental health care have proven to be effective in controlled trials, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness and scalability of these models in rural communities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Atmiyata is a rural community-led intervention using local community volunteers, called Champions, to identify and provide evidence-based counselling for persons with common mental disorders (CMD) as part of a package of community-based interventions for mental health.

Methods

The impact of the Atmiyata intervention is evaluated through a stepped wedge cluster randomized controlled trial (SW-CRCT) with a nested economic evaluation. The trial spans across 10 sub-blocks (645 villages) in Mehsana district with 1.52 million rural adult population. 56 PHCs in Mehsana district are equally divided into four clusters of 14 PHCs each, and the intervention is rolled out in cluster in a staggered manner at an interval of 5 months.

The primary outcome is symptomatic improvement measured through the GHQ-12 at 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes include: quality of life using the EURO-QoL (EQ- 5D), symptom improvement measured by the Self-reporting questionnaire-20 (SRQ-20), functioning using the WHO Disability Assessment Scale (WHO-DAS-12), depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9)) and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, GAD-7) and social participation using the Social Participation Scale (SPS). Linear mixed effects models are employed for continuous outcomes and generalized linear mixed effects model for binary outcomes.

Discussion

Stepped wedge designs are progressively being used to evaluate real-life effectiveness of interventions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first SW-CRCT in a LMIC evaluating the impact of the implementation of a mental health intervention. The results of this study will contribute to the evidence on scaling-up lay health worker models for mental health interventions and contribute to the SW-CRCT literature in LMICs.
Safety and efficacy of Jiaotai Wan in patients with depression: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Zhihuan , Fu Shufei , Wang Yuhan , Liu Yijia , Bu Huaien , Mei Yan , Tong Yi , Yu Chunquan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Depression is a common affective disorder characterised by marked and lasting melancholia, with corresponding thought and behaviour changes. Due to an accelerated pace of life and increased work pressure, the incidence of depression has risen sharply, causing great harm to family and social life. Jiaotai Wan (JTW) is a Chinese herbal formula that is commonly prescribed for depression and insomnia in clinical treatment, and animal experimental research shows that it exhibits antidepressant effects. However, there are no standard clinical trials to confirm its efficacy in treating depression and insomnia. Therefore, this study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of JTW in the treatment of depression. Methods: This study is designed as a randomised, multicentre clinical trial with parallel groups. A total of 40 patients with depression will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the treatment or the control group (in a 1:1 ratio). The patients will receive JTW plus fluoxetine or fluoxetine alone once a day for eight weeks. The primary outcome is the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score for patients in the treatment group compared with that in the control group. The secondary outcomes include Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome integral scale scores, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, blood metabonomics, urine metabonomics, brain structure and function on functional magnetic resonance imaging. Discussion: This randomised clinical trial was designed as a standardised method to assess the efficacy and safety of JTW in the treatment of depression and provide evidence for the clinical application of JTW. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,ChiCTR-IOR-17010748.Registered on 28 Feb 2017.