bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conserved HORMA domain-containing protein Hop1 stabilizes interaction between proteins of meiotic DNA break hotspots and chromosome axis
Authors: Kariyazono Ryo , Oda Arisa , Yamada Takatomi , Ohta Kunihiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHORMA domain-containing proteins such as Hop1 play crucial regulatory roles in various chromosomal functions. Here, we investigated roles of the fission yeast Hop1 in the formation of recombination-initiating meiotic DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Meiotic DSB formation in fission yeast relies on multiple protein-protein interactions such as the one between the chromosome axial protein Rec10 and the DSB-forming complex subunit Rec15. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing demonstrated that Hop1 is colocalized with both Rec10 and Rec15, and we observed physical interactions of Hop1 to Rec15 and Rec10. These results suggest that Hop1 promotes DSB formation by interacting with both axis components and the DSB-forming complex. We also show that Hop1 binding to DSB hotspots requires Rec15 and Rec10, while Hop1 axis binding requires Rec10 only, suggesting that Hop1 is recruited to the axis via Rec10, and to hotspots by hotspot-bound Rec15. Furthermore, we introduced separation-of-function Rec10 mutations, deficient for interaction with either Rec15 or Hop1. These single mutations and hop1Δ conferred only partial defects in meiotic recombination, while the combining the Rec15-binding-deficient rec10 mutation with hop1Δ synergistically reduced meiotic recombination, at least at a model hotspot. Taken together, Hop1 likely functions as a stabilizer for Rec15–Rec10 interaction to promote DSB formation.
Cannabis and Alcohol Co-Use in a Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Trial for Adolescents and Emerging Adults
Authors: McClure Erin A , Baker Nathaniel L , Hood Caitlyn O , Tomko Rachel L , Squeglia Lindsay M , Flanagan Julianne C , Carpenter Matthew J , Gray Kevin M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The co-use of cannabis and alcohol among tobacco-using youth is common. Alcohol co-use is associated with worse tobacco cessation outcomes, but results are mixed regarding the impact of cannabis on tobacco outcomes and if co-use leads to increased use of non-treated substances. This secondary analysis from a youth smoking cessation trial aimed to (1) evaluate the impact of cannabis or alcohol co-use on smoking cessation, (2) examine changes in co-use during the trial, and (3) explore secondary effects of varenicline on co-use.

Methods
The parent study was a 12-week, randomized clinical trial of varenicline for smoking cessation among youth (ages 14–21, N = 157; Mage = 19, 40% female; 76% White). Daily cigarette, cannabis, and alcohol use data were collected via daily diaries during treatment and Timeline Follow-back for 14 weeks post-treatment.

Results
Baseline cannabis co-users (68%) had double the odds of continued cigarette smoking throughout the trial compared with noncannabis users, which was pronounced in males and frequent cannabis users. Continued smoking during treatment was associated with higher probability of concurrent cannabis use. Baseline alcohol co-users (80%) did not have worse smoking outcomes compared with nonalcohol users, but continued smoking was associated with higher probability of concurrent drinking. Varenicline did not affect co-use.

Conclusions
Inconsistent with prior literature, results showed that alcohol co-users did not differ in smoking cessation, whereas cannabis co-users had poorer cessation outcomes. Youth tobacco treatment would benefit from added focus on substance co-use, particularly cannabis, but may need to be tailored appropriately to promote cessation.

Implications
Among youth cigarette smokers enrolled in a pharmacotherapy evaluation clinical trial, alcohol and/or cannabis co-use was prevalent. The co-use of cannabis affected smoking cessation outcomes, but more so for males and frequent cannabis users, whereas alcohol co-use did not affect smoking cessation. Reductions in smoking were accompanied by concurrent reductions in alcohol or cannabis use. Substance co-use does not appear to affect all youth smokers in the same manner and treatment strategies may need to be tailored appropriately for those with lower odds of smoking cessation.
Qur’an Alphabetics and the Timbre of Recitation
Authors: McMurray Peter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article examines the history of timbre in Qur’anic recitation, focusing on the intersection of the interior, conceptual, rule-based space of the mouth and the exterior, physical, highly variable architecture of mosques. In both cases, timbre plays a critical role in making Qur’anic recitation recognizable, even to untrained ears, and even if—especially in the case of mosques—that predominant, stereotyped setting is not necessarily representative of the tradition more broadly. The article examines the tension between Qur’an as fixed text and as recitation (qur’ān) and the challenges of reconciling these two notions of Qur’an into a definitive, unitary whole, that proved elusive in the early centuries of Islam, precisely on grounds of timbral, phonetic, and dialectal questions. At the same time, the elaborate design of rules for proper recitation has been so fully developed over the last millennium that it has become a kind of cultural technique, a rule-based algorithm that imposes on human performers a set of media-like operations. Indeed, recent computer science and engineering have fully embraced the algorithmicizing of vocality and timbre in recitation to the point of creating a number of software platforms designed to reproduce or assess the proper application of these rules. In all these different trajectories—mouth, mosque, and media—the alphabetics of the Qur’an play a central role in transducing a sacred text into the contingencies of the material world.
Heretical Falsification and the Challenge of Theorizing LGBT Politics from the South
Authors: Nyeck S. N. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter deals with the problem of legislating against non-normative genders and sexualities from the standpoint of postcolonial fear of and resistance to perceived Western encroachment. New technologies have increased anxiety about the future of an African self that some want to keep shackled to the altar of ontological pursuits. The cybersecurity debate in Cameroon shows the ways in which the nation deals with unfamiliar (perceived and real) threats in familiar ways. On the one hand, one applauds parliamentary commitment to protecting human dignity in the cyberspace. On the other hand, exemptions and exceptions are made based on sexual orientation or gender identity as categories deemed ineligible for protection are disappointing. At the intersection of progressive and regressive policy positions on sexuality is anxiety inspired by the emergence of gay rights activism in Cameroon as elsewhere in Africa and standard stories about homosexuality as a colonial Trojan horse. The interlocking of different images and signs, among which Dr. Louis Paul Aujoulat stands out as a sign of queer falsification, is particularly challenging for a theorist from the South devoted to non-binary thinking. Thinking counterfactually and engaging a queer meta-sign in Cameroonian politics yield surprising findings that this chapter presents.
Party Autonomy in Global Context
Authors: Muir Watt Horatia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to contribute to transdisciplinary dialogue on a defining paradox within the classic liberal meta-discourse that still seems to determine structures of thought right across the social sciences. Profound transformations linked to the global legal turn have meant that while state-centered liberalism continues to define contemporary paradigms in legal thinking, it does so according to a curiously abridged or truncated version, which in turn affects the shape of the social, political, or economic “reality” that it purports merely to govern. The ensuing distortion is of very specific relevance in what is known as private international law—the part of the law that provides the legal framework for late capitalism, or, in different terms, the informal normative infrastructure of the global economy.
CS Indi: SU UMa-type dwarf nova with long precursor outburst
Authors: Kato Taichi , Hambsch Franz-Josef , Monard Berto , Nelson Peter , Stubbings Rod , Starr Peter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We observed the 2018 November outburst of CS Ind and confirmed that it was a genuine superoutburst with a very long [0.12471(1) d on average] superhump period. The superoutburst was preceded by a long precursor, which was recorded for the first time in SU UMa-type dwarf novae. Our interpretation is that the combination of a sufficient amount of mass in the disk before the ignition of the outburst and the slow development of tidal instability near the borderline of the 3 : 1 resonance caused a cooling front to start before the full development of tidal instability. This finding provides more support to the recent interpretation of slow development of the tidal instability causing various phenomena similar to WZ Sge-type dwarf novae in SU UMa-type dwarf novae with very long orbital periods.
Cutting edge or ignored resource: assessing the uptake and content of the NHS e-Learning for healthcare on “identifying and supporting survivors of modern slavery”
Authors: Helle Segan , Steele Sarah 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Across the last decade, healthcare emerged as a critical space for combatting modern slavery. Accurate and informative training of healthcare professionals is, therefore, essential. In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) plays a central role in the identification and care of survivors. With training at the local-level variable, an e-Learning programme was developed. We ask: has this programme reached NHS staff? Is it accurate? Should the e-Learning approach be replicated around the world?

Method
A Freedom of Information request has been sent to the NHS’s Health Education England for data held on registrations, sessions and completions since 2014. An open session was used to assess the content.

Results
Across the past 5 years, there have been 31 191 registrations (≈2% of the workforce) and 1763 completed sessions (≈0.12%). Uptake remains low. We also identify deficiencies in the ways the programme represents modern slavery, and how the program engages with the complexities of national and international law and UK policy, as well as reporting mechanisms.

Conclusions
e-Learning, while flexible and on-going, must be engaging and, we suggest, accompanied by in-person sessions. Materials should be co-produced with survivors and healthcare workers around the world to improve interest and relevance. Updating content regularly is critical.
RISK EVALUATION IN THE LOW-DOSE RANGE CT FOR RADIATION-EXPOSED CHILDREN, BASED ON DNA DAMAGE
Authors: Jánošíková Lenka , Juričeková Martina , Horváthová Martina , Nikodemová Denisa , Klepanec Andrej , Šalát Dušan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
One of the most common usages of radiation in current medical diagnosis is computed tomography (CT) using X-rays. The potential health risk of CT scans has been discussed in various studies to determine whether low-dose radiation from CT could enhance the chromosome aberration yields in pediatric patients and increase their risk of carcinogenesis. For this reason, it is of great interest to study the effects of low-dose radiation. The induction of DNA damage by a CT scan examination has been demonstrated in several reports by the γ-H2AX assay, the micronuclei assay and dicentrics measurements. However, the results of most studies showed limitations. On the other hand, epidemiological studies give contradictory results for post-natal radiation exposure in the low-dose range, so it is still difficult to draw conclusions about the effects of CT examinations and risk of carcinogenesis. This article provides an overview of previously published data and summarizes the current state of knowledge.
Quality and inequality: creating value worlds with Third Wave coffee
Authors: Fischer Edward F 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBased on a study of the burgeoning high-end (‘Third Wave’) coffee market in the USA and on research conducted with Maya farmers in Guatemala, this article examines how economic gains are extracted by translating values across symbolic and material worlds. Drawing on anthropological understandings of value and the analytic tools of convention theory, I show how roasters, baristas and marketers have developed a new lexicon of quality for coffee, one tied to narratives of provenance and exclusivity that creates much of the value added in the Third Wave market. This disadvantages smallholding coffee farmers who are heavily invested in land and the material means of production but who lack the social and cultural capital needed to extract surplus symbolic value from their crops. In this unintentional way, the quest for artisanal quality in the coffee market perpetuates classic dependency patterns of global capital accumulation across these value worlds.
Estimating Diversity Through Time Using Molecular Phylogenies: Old and Species-Poor Frog Families are the Remnants of a Diverse Past
Authors: Billaud O , Moen D S , Parsons T L , Morlon H 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEstimating how the number of species in a given group varied in the deep past is of key interest to evolutionary biologists. However, current phylogenetic approaches for obtaining such estimates have limitations, such as providing unrealistic diversity estimates at the origin of the group. Here, we develop a robust probabilistic approach for estimating diversity through time curves and uncertainty around these estimates from phylogenetic data. We show with simulations that under various realistic scenarios of diversification, this approach performs better than previously proposed approaches. We also characterize the effect of tree size and undersampling on the performance of the approach. We apply our method to understand patterns of species diversity in anurans (frogs and toads). We find that Archaeobatrachia—a species-poor group of old frog clades often found in temperate regions—formerly had much higher diversity and net diversification rate, but the group declined in diversity as younger, nested clades diversified. This diversity decline seems to be linked to a decline in speciation rate rather than an increase in extinction rate. Our approach, implemented in the R package RPANDA, should be useful for evolutionary biologists interested in understanding how past diversity dynamics have shaped present-day diversity. It could also be useful in other contexts, such as for analyzing clade–clade competitive effects or the effect of species richness on phenotypic divergence.
Palaeobiodiversity of crocodylomorphs from the Lourinhã Formation based on the tooth record: insights into the palaeoecology of the Late Jurassic of Portugal
Authors: Guillaume Alexandre R D , Moreno-Azanza Miguel , Puértolas-Pascual Eduardo , Mateus Octávio 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Crocodylomorphs were a diverse clade in the Late Jurassic of Portugal, with six taxa reported to date. Here we describe 126 isolated teeth recovered by screen-washing of sediments from Valmitão (Lourinhã, Portugal, late Kimmeridgian–Tithonian), a vertebrate microfossil assemblage in which at least five distinct crocodylomorph taxa are represented. Ten morphotypes are described and attributed to five clades (Lusitanisuchus, Atoposauridae, Goniopholididae, Bernissartiidae and an undetermined mesoeucrocodylian). Four different ecomorphotypes are here proposed according to ecological niches and feeding behaviours: these correspond to a diet based on arthropods and small vertebrates (Lusitanisuchus and Atoposauridae), a generalist diet (Goniopholididae), a durophagous diet (Bernissartiidae) and a carnivorous diet. Lusitanisuchus mitracostatus material from Guimarota is here redescribed to achieve a better illustration and comparison with the new material.
This assemblage shares similar ecomorphotypes with other Mesozoic west-central European localities, where a diversity of crocodylomorphs lived together, avoiding direct ecological competition through niche partitioning. The absence of large marine crocodylomorphs, present in other contemporaneous assemblages, is here interpreted as evidence that the Valmitão assemblage was deposited in a freshwater environment, although sample bias cannot be completely ruled out. These affinities are further supported by the presence of lanceolate and leaf-shaped teeth associated with continental clades.
Office-based anesthesia: an update on safety and outcomes (2017–2019)
Authors: Seligson Erica , Beutler Sascha S. , Urman Richard D. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Although both cost and patient preference tend to favor the office-based setting, one must consider the hidden costs in managing complications and readmissions. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on safety outcomes of office-based procedures, as well as to identify common patient-specific factors that influence the decision for office-based surgery or impact patient outcomes.

Recent findings
Office-based anesthesia (OBA) success rates from the latest publications of orthopedic, plastic, endovascular, and otolaryngologic continue to improve. A common thread among these studies is the ability to predict which patients will benefit from going home the same day, as well as identifying comorbid factors that would lead to failure to discharge or readmission after surgery. Specifically, patients with active infection, cardiovascular disease, coagulopathy, insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, poorly controlled hypertension, and thromboembolic disease are presumed to be poor candidates for outpatient office procedures.

Summary
Overall, anesthesia and surgery in the office is becoming increasingly safe. Recent data suggest that the improved safety in the office-based setting is attributable to proper patient selection. Anesthesiologists play a critical role in prescreening eligible patients to ensure a safe and productive process. Patients treated in the office seem to be selected based on their low risk for complications, and our review reflects this position.
Application of stem cell transplantation in autoimmune diseases
Authors: Ng Sue-Ann , Sullivan Keith M. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose of review
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a promising therapeutic modality for severe autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will outline the immunological mechanisms and the clinical evidence and experiences for therapeutic HSCT in autoimmune diseases, with particular focus on systemic sclerosis and multiple sclerosis.

Recent findings
Approximately 3000 patients with autoimmune diseases worldwide have been treated with HSCT. HSCT in systemic sclerosis has been shown in three randomized controlled trials to be associated with significant long-term event-free survival despite some transplant-related mortality in the first year. A recent controlled trial in multiple sclerosis has also show benefit with transplant.

Summary
The aim of HSCT is to ‘reset’ one's immune system into a naïve and self-tolerant state through immune depletion and regulation. HSCT requires careful patient selection, close collaboration between physicians and expertise of transplant team to ensure optimal outcome.
The Spectrum of Pericardial Involvement in Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Authors: Fayyaz Beenish , Rehman Hafiz J. 
Published: September 2019

Background
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis that commonly co-occurs with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in elderly patients. Pericardial disease is an unusual manifestation of these inflammatory conditions, which has been reported only in case reports and small observational studies. However, no extensive research has been performed to study the demographics and clinical history of GCA or PMR patients with concomitant pericardial features. As a result, the medical evidence to help guide the physicians when evaluating such individuals is limited.

Objective
To perform a systematic review of the medical literature in order to summarize the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of this unique association.

Methods
We conducted an extensive search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Google Scholar, and gray literature to identify all the cases of GCA and PMR with pericardial involvement. The demographics, clinical features, and outcomes of the final cohort were reviewed and analyzed.

Results
The analysis comprised 52 clinical cases (51 identified from 46 articles and 1 from the residents' clinic). These included 44 patients with GCA and 8 with PMR. The mean age at presentation was 69.5 years, with only 46% of patients older than 70 years. The most common abnormality was pericardial effusion (85%), and in 37%, the pericardial event was the initial disease manifestation. Although a significant proportion of the patients were symptomatic (69%), the classic cranial symptoms were present in only 40%. Overall, the outcome was good even in the presence of large-vessel disease, which is usually a poor prognostic factor in classic GCA. On group analysis, patients with PMR were more likely to develop cardiac tamponade (37.5%; odds ratio, 25.8; confidence interval, 2.2–297.5; p = 0.01), whereas those with GCA were more likely to have large-vessel vasculitis (43%; odds ratio, 5.18; confidence interval, 0.58–252.1; p = 0.04).

Conclusions
This study illustrates that patients with pericardial involvement represent a clinical phenotype of GCA (and possibly PMR), which is quite different from the cranial or large-vessel forms. These patients have a better prognosis likely due to younger age and presence of more overt symptoms resulting in early diagnosis.