bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical studies on thermo‐mechanical fatigue test for aluminium cast alloy
Authors: Zhang Shuiqiang , Wang Zian , Han Yongsheng , Zheng Yuqing , Zhang Dongsheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvaluation of the thermo‐mechanical behaviour and prediction of the service life of cast aluminium alloys are important for the design of automobile engine cylinder heads. In this study, cast Al alloy specimens are extracted from cylinder heads and subjected to in‐phase thermo‐mechanical cyclic loading. The hysteresis curves related to stress and strain were recorded under the individual thermo‐mechanical loading conditions. The number cycles to failure corresponding to multiple mechanical strain and temperature ranges were obtained. It is found that the cyclic stress amplitude decreases and the cyclic softening rate increases with increasing maximum temperature rise. A modified fatigue‐creep model based on energy conservation has been developed for prediction of the fatigue life of cylinder heads. The proposed method shows good agreement with the well‐established Ostergren model and low standard deviations. In summary, the proposed method described in this study provides an option for prediction of the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of metals.
Dense glass‐ceramics by fast sinter‐crystallization of mixtures of waste‐derived glasses
Authors: Rabelo Monich Patricia , Vollprecht Daniel , Bernardo Enrico 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDense glass‐ceramics were obtained by cold pressing and sinter‐crystallization of a glass originated from the plasma gasification of municipal solid waste (“Plasmastone”) mixed with recycled soda‐lime glass and kaolin clay. The optimum mixture featured 45% Plasmastone/45% soda‐lime glass/10% kaolin clay and it was sintered according to a fast heat treatment (30 minutes at 1000°C with heating and cooling rates of approximately 40°C/min), mimicking that of industrial ceramic tiles. The fast treatment avoided extensive crystallization during heating, promoting the viscous flow. In this way, dense glass‐ceramics with a water absorption below 0.7% could be produced. The developed tiles presented mechanical properties comparable to those of commercial ceramic tiles. Finally, the environmental impact assessment performed on these materials showed that the leaching of hazardous elements was particularly limited. Microprobe analyses indicated that heavy metals were incorporated in newly formed crystals, consisting mainly of hedenbergite, wollastonite, and iron oxide‐rich “islands” surrounded by residual glass. The results show that Plasmastone, combined with recycled soda‐lime glass and kaolin clay, may be converted in building materials, with a possible commercial exploitation.
Structural, morphological, dielectric and magnetic properties of Zn‐Zr co‐doping yttrium iron garnet
Authors: Cao Hechun , Zheng Hui , Fan Lining , Cheng Zifeng , Zhou Jianwei , Wu Qiong , Zheng Peng , Zheng Liang , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, yttrium iron garnet co‐doped with Zn and Zr atoms with a chemical formula Y3ZnxZrxFe(5−2x)O12 (x = 0.0‐0.3) has been successfully prepared by the solid‐state reaction method. The effects of doping concentration on the microstructure, crystal structure, magnetic properties, and dielectric properties of Y3ZnxZrxFe(5−2x)O12 were investigated. The microstructure analysis indicates that co‐doping of YIG with Zn and Zr can effectively reduce the grain size of the ceramic. The crystal structure results reveal that the doping concentration of Zn–Zr has substantial influence on the lattice parameters of YIG, such as, increases the lattice constant, crystal cell size, and interplanar spacing. However, the second phase of ZrO2 appears once x ≥ 0.15. Additionally, the dielectric properties of YIG ferrite can be regulated using this Zn–Zr co‐doping method. Zn–Zr co‐doping can improve the dielectric stability and reduce the dielectric loss at high temperature. The magnetization measurement shows that the saturation magnetization is stabilized at x < 0.15, and the magnetic loss is decreased with the increase in the doping concentration. Overall, the findings show that the ceramic with x = 0.1 exhibits better properties included high saturation magnetization (24.607 emu/g), low magnetic loss (0.0025 @ 1 MHz), and relatively low dielectric loss (496 @ 400°C).
Non‐nativeness as a dimension of inclusion: A multimodal representational analysis of EFL textbooks
Authors: Motschenbacher Heiko 
Published: July 2019

The article first introduces the special issue on the topic of Linguistic Dimensions of Inclusion in Educational and Multilingual Contexts. Key aspects of inclusive education are outlined and applied to the realm of language, communication and language learning. The concept “linguistic barrier,” a collective term for linguistic practices and communicative aspects that may pose obstacles to language learning, communicative success or a successful integration of individuals in multilingual contexts, is discussed. Focal points of the individual contributions to the special issue are briefly outlined.In the second part, the article hones in on non‐nativeness as a dimension of inclusion in foreign language teaching. Processes of exclusion and inclusion are illustrated through a multimodal critical discourse analysis of representational practices in units from the German EFL textbook series Navi Englisch. The main focus of analysis lies on verbal and visual cultural indexes that allow for conclusions on the representation of native and non‐native social actors as well as ENL, ESL and EFL cultures. Based on the finding that the material shows a strong predominance of native language user representation, it is argued that a mainstreaming of second language identities and English as an international lingua franca in ELT can foster higher levels of inclusion that are likely to have positive, empowering effects for learners of English and non‐native English language teachers alike.
Utilisation of protein fractions from porcine spleen as technofunctional ingredients in emulsified cooked meat sausages
Authors: Toldrà Mònica , Parés Dolors , Saguer Elena , Carretero Carmen 
Published: July 2019

SummarySpleen is a low commercial value meat by‐product from industrial slaughterhouses that is mostly underutilised. In this study, porcine spleens were processed to obtain two protein fractions (i.e. soluble and insoluble extracts in sodium citrate buffer 0.1 m pH 5) and the potential of using them to replace functional ingredients in cooked sausages was assessed. Specifically, a pasteurised insoluble protein extract was used as soy protein replacer in mortadella‐type sausages, whereas spray‐dried soluble proteins were used instead of sodium caseinate in Frankfurt‐type sausages. Both splenic extracts performed well as functional ingredients since no differences in proximate composition, emulsion stability, water‐holding capacity or texture were found. The only differences were found in the colour of the sausages containing the soluble protein extract, because of the haem and myoglobin content in this ingredient. The results showed that spleens could be a suitable source of non‐allergenic functional proteins for meat products.
The development of Singapore nursing education system – challenges, opportunities and implications
Authors: Goh H.S. , Tang M.L. , Lee C.N. , Liaw S.Y. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSingapore's nursing services and education need to keep pace with the ever‐changing healthcare landscape and international trends in nursing capability development.AimsTo examine the development of Singapore's nursing education and to propose recommendations for its future development.Sources of EvidenceThis discussion paper examined journal articles, books and grey literature that documented the development of nursing education in Singapore.DiscussionThere are three main challenges and opportunities for nursing education in Singapore: (1) the establishment of registered nurse preparatory education at the baccalaureate level, (2) the expansion of master's programmes for clinical specialization and (3) the need to increase nursing faculties through the growth of doctoral education.ConclusionSingapore's nursing education has made a significant progress in its development since the 1990s. To advance nursing education, individual nurses, local nursing associations and academic institutions should be empowered to develop its own clinical, education and research capabilities to meet future healthcare challenges.Implications for Nursing PolicyNurses should assume greater roles in determining their own professional and educational developments. Strategies to advance Singapore's nursing education include establishing a national body for regulating continuing nursing education and specialties certification, creating a greater diversity in academic offerings beyond baccalaureate programmes and building local nursing clinical and research capabilities within universities.
The profitability of trading on large Lévy jumps
Authors: Chan Kam Fong , Gray Phil , Pan Zheyao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile past research has studied the profitability of trading based on jump signals, the notion of differentiating between jumps according to their magnitude has received relatively little attention. We utilize the approach of Lee and Hannig (2010) to identify Lévy jumps and classify them as small and large. The empirical analysis shows that the arrival of large Lévy jumps provides a strong trading signal in five major equity markets. In contrast, the signal from small Lévy jumps is negligible.
Augmented Reality in Design Education: Landscape Architecture Studies as AR Experience
Authors: Kerr Jeremy , Lawson Gillian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rapid and ongoing development of digital technologies continues to create new opportunities for education. Over the last decade this has enabled the establishment of blended learning approaches and online education. More recently, Augmented Reality (AR) has emerged as a unique technology that can transform learning experiences across diverse disciplines. This article outlines the development of an AR prototype, Master of Time, which was created to educate first year students and non‐designers on the foundational principles of landscape architecture. This study examines the learning potential and benefits of AR technology with a focus on creating new practices in digital storytelling across situated experiences. In outlining project outcomes, the authors propose a series of critical design principles, strategies and methodologies for educators to apply when developing AR learning experiences across disciplines. Included within this is a framework for transdisciplinary and co‐design collaboration, which is essential for educators working in the forefront of learning technologies.
Incoherence in Regime Complexes: A Sentiment Analysis of EU‐IMF Surveillance
Authors: Breen Michael , Hodson Dermot , Moschella Manuela 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe proliferation of international institutions means that states can be subject to multiple, overlapping and potentially incoherent international obligations. The regime complexity literature draws attention to this problem but says little about its character and causes. This article investigates whether and why two key components of the international economic surveillance regime – the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union (EU) – impose conflicting obligations on the same states. Based on a comparative sentiment analysis of more than 400 surveillance documents and using differences in tone as a proxy for incoherence, our results show that the IMF was more pessimistic about member states' economic policies before the global financial crisis but less so thereafter. Our results suggest that differences in discretionary authority rather than the distribution of power drove such incoherence, with the EU's fiscal rules encouraging less pessimism before the global financial crisis and more pessimism thereafter.
Ungual warts: comparison of treatment with intralesional bleomycin and electroporation in terms of efficacy and safety
Authors: Di Chiacchio N.G. , Di Chiacchio N. , Criado P.R. , Brunner C.H.M. , Suaréz M.V.R. , Belda Junior W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundUngual warts are considered the most common benign nail tumour, and they are caused by the human papillomavirus. Despite the numerous treatments reported in the medical literature, ungual warts are considered frustrating, with high relapse rates and a potential risk of nail dystrophy. Bleomycin is a therapeutic option showing a good safety profile and high cure rates.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of electrochemotherapy using intralesional bleomycin for the treatment of ungual warts in comparison with intralesional bleomycin alone and describe the side‐effects related to the use of both techniques.MethodsThis was a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, controlled clinical trial. Forty‐four 18‐ to 60‐year‐old female and male patients with ungual warts of only one finger were included. The patients were divided into two treatment groups: GA – intralesional bleomycin; and GB – electroporation and intralesional bleomycin. Following a single application, the patients were followed up for 180 days.ResultsThe patients’ mean age was 36 years for GA and 37 years for GB. Most patients were female (68%). Of 22 patients in GA completing the study, 11 (50%) achieved the cure, while 18 (85.7%) of 21 patients completing the study in GB showed cure. A significant association of patients with or without cure after the GA and GB treatments (P = 0.022) was observed. None of the patients in either group had systemic side‐effects. Independent of the technique used, all the participants considered the adverse effects tolerable.ConclusionThe intralesional use of bleomycin associated with electroporation for the treatment of ungual warts (both periungual and subungual) showed a statistically superior cure when compared with intralesional bleomycin alone. Side‐effects were more frequently observed in the electrochemotherapy with bleomycin group than in the bleomycin monotherapy group.
From bench to bedside: evolving therapeutic targets in autoimmune blistering disease
Authors: Kridin K. , Kowalski E.H. , Kneiber D. , Laufer‐Britva R. , Amber K.T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAutoimmune blistering diseases comprise a group of heterogenous conditions characterized by the loss of tolerance and subsequent development of autoantibodies targeting epidermal and subepidermal adhesion proteins. Blisters and erosions form on the skin and mucous membranes leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Traditional therapies rely on systemic immunosuppression. Advancements in our understanding of the pathophysiology of pemphigus and pemphigoid have led to the development of molecules which target specific pathways involved in induction and perpetuation of disease. In this review, we outline the novel therapeutic strategies including B‐cell depletion, T‐regulatory cell repletion, cell signalling inhibitors and small molecular inhibitors, inhibitory monoclonal antibodies, as well as complement inhibition. We additionally review their current level of clinical evidence. We lastly review therapeutics targets gleaned from the experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita mouse model. These emerging treatments offer an exciting progression from basic science discoveries that have the potential to transform the treatment paradigm in autoimmune blistering diseases.
Interactive effects of social environment, age and sex on immune responses in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Leech Thomas , Evison Sophie E. F. , Armitage Sophie A. O. , Sait Steven M. , Bretman Amanda 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSocial environments have been shown to have multiple effects on individual immune responses. For example, increased social contact might signal greater infection risk and prompt a prophylactic upregulation of immunity. This differential investment of resources may in part explain why social environments affect ageing and lifespan. Our previous work using Drosophila melanogaster showed that single‐sex social contact reduced lifespan for both sexes. Here, we assess how social interactions (isolation or contact) affect susceptibility to infection, phagocytotic activity and expression of a subset of immune‐ and stress‐related genes in young and old flies of both sexes. Social contact had a neutral, or even improved, effect on post‐infection lifespan in older flies and reduced the expression of stress response genes in females; however, it reduced phagocytotic activity. Overall, the effects of social environment were complex and largely subtle and do not indicate a consistent effect. Together, these findings indicate that social contact in D. melanogaster does not have a predictable impact on immune responses and does not simply trade‐off immune investment with lifespan.
Nonparametric Evidence of Validity, Reliability, and Fairness for Rater‐Mediated Assessments: An Illustration Using Mokken Scale Analysis
Authors: Wind Stefanie A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNumerous researchers have proposed methods for evaluating the quality of rater‐mediated assessments using nonparametric methods (e.g., kappa coefficients) and parametric methods (e.g., the many‐facet Rasch model). Generally speaking, popular nonparametric methods for evaluating rating quality are not based on a particular measurement theory. On the other hand, popular parametric methods for evaluating rating quality are often based on measurement theories such as invariant measurement. However, these methods are based on assumptions and transformations that may not be appropriate for ordinal ratings. In this study, I show how researchers can use Mokken scale analysis (MSA), which is a nonparametric approach to item response theory, to evaluate rating quality within the framework of invariant measurement without the use of potentially inappropriate parametric techniques. I use an illustrative analysis of data from a rater‐mediated writing assessment to demonstrate how one can use numeric and graphical indicators from MSA to gather evidence of validity, reliability, and fairness. The results from the analyses suggest that MSA provides a useful framework within which to evaluate rater‐mediated assessments for evidence of validity, reliability, and fairness that can supplement existing popular methods for evaluating ratings.
The effects of high pressure on the myofibrillar structure and meat quality of marinating Tan mutton
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhang Xi‐Kang , Wang Xu , Liu Dun‐Hua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLamb leg meat (LLM) was marinated using solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0.04 g/g) for 15 min under high pressure (HP) treatment (100–400 MPa, 25°C) to investigate meat characteristics, volatile components and microstructure. HP treatment increased process yields during marinating, especially at 200 MPa, the shearing force and hardness reached their minimum value, which indicated that HP treatment (200 MPa) can effectively improve the tenderness of LLM. The electron microscopy revealed that HP modified the myofibrillar structure in the leg muscles. With the rise of pressure, the lightness (L*) value increased significantly. The red/green hue (a*) reached the maximum value at 200 MPa. HP influenced the formation of some key volatile compounds in LLM. LLM pressurized at 200–400 MPa had lower levels of furfural than control group, LLM pressurized at 200 MPa had higher levels of N‐nonanal and N‐octanal, lower levels of palmitic acid, but oleic acid and stearic acid was not detected. Only at 200–400 MPa, 2,3‐octanedione and 2‐octanone were detected in HP‐treated LLM.Practical applicationsHigh‐pressure (HP) is an effective technology as a pretreatment to postslaughter meat. Advantages include opportunities to improve tenderness and other characteristics of processed meat products by appropriate use of this technique. This study showed that application of high‐pressure premarinated treatment (200 MPa, 15 min, 25°C and 0.04 g/g salt content) could effectively improve the muscle fiber structure of lamb leg, several major volatile substances and tenderness. This work verifies the potential of HP for improving LLM characteristics and volatile components. These results can be beneficial for the applications of pressurized mutton in the mutton industry.
Enhanced stability of emulsions made with super‐critical carbon dioxide extruded whey protein concentrate
Authors: Javad Sumera , Gopirajah Rajamanickam , Rizvi Syed S. H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSupercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) with carbon dioxide was used to enhance the functionality of whey protein concentrate containing 80% protein by weight (WPC80) at two (3.0 and 5.4) pH values. Different levels of oil (20, 40, 60, and 80% by weight) and functionalized whey protein (f‐WPC80; 1, 2, and 4% by weight) were used to make emulsions and quantify their characteristics such as emulsion activity index, creaming index, droplet size, and viscosity. Unextruded whey protein (c‐WPC80) and commercial sodium caseinate (NaCas) were used as controls. Results showed that gel‐like emulsions with uniform droplet size distributions were formed by f‐WPC80 (4% by weight) with 80% (by weight) oil which was stable over 3 months of storage at room temperature. Compared to emulsions formed by control c‐WPC80, the f‐WPC80 emulsions exhibited higher viscosity and shear thinning behavior. The minimum protein required for stable emulsion formation (with 80% oil) was found to be 2% by weight for f‐WPC80 and NaCas and 4% by weight in the case of c‐WPC80. The functionalized whey protein provided a better emulsion at low concentrations with good stability at room temperature and may be used as a replacement of sodium caseinate to make nutritionally superior products.Practical applicationsPresent study showed that functionalized Whey protein concentrate (80% protein) f‐WPC80 was produced by the process of Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extrusion which changed the structure of native protein. Two functionalized products (with pH 3.0 and 5.4) were obtained in this way. These functionalized proteins formed better oil‐in‐water emulsions which were stable against creaming and sedimentation as compared to emulsions stabilized by native WPC80 and sodium caseinate at very small concentration of protein used. Therefore it is concluded that f‐WPC80 can cover a range of food emulsions where different pH values are required. Lesser amount of stabilizer will be used commercially for emulsions. These functionalized WPC80 products may be used as a replacement of sodium caseinate to make nutritionally superior products with pH 3.0 and 5.4.