bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bistetrazine‐Cyanines as Double‐Clicking Fluorogenic Two‐Point Binder or Crosslinker Probes
Authors: Kormos Attila , Koehler Christine , Fodor Eszter A. , Rutkai Zsófia R. , Martin Madison E. , Mező Gábor , Lemke Edward A. , Kele Péter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFluorogenic probes can be used to minimize the background fluorescence of unreacted and nonspecifically adsorbed reagents. The preceding years have brought substantial developments in the design and synthesis of bioorthogonally applicable fluorogenic systems mainly based on the quenching effects of azide and tetrazine moieties. The modulation power exerted by these bioorthogonal motifs typically becomes less efficient on more conjugated systems; that is, on probes with redshifted emission wavelength. To reach efficient quenching, that is, fluorogenicity, even in the red range of the spectrum, we present the synthesis, fluorogenic, and conjugation characterization of bistetrazine‐cyanine probes with emission maxima between 600 and 620 nm. The probes can bind to genetically altered proteins harboring an 11‐amino acid peptide tag with two appending cyclooctyne motifs. Moreover, we also demonstrate the use of these bistetrazines as fluorogenic, covalent cross‐linkers between monocyclooctynylated proteins.
CO2‐Assisted Conversion of Crystal Two‐Dimensional Molybdenum Oxide to Amorphism with Plasmon Resonances
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Qun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLocalized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of ultra‐thin two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have opened up a new regime in plasmonics in the last several years. 2D plasmonic materials are currently concentrated on the crystal structure, with amorphous materials hardly being reported because of their limited preparation methods rather than undesired plasmonic properties. Taking molybdenum oxides as an example, herein, we elaborate the 2D amorphous plasmons prepared with the assistance of supercritical CO2. In brief, we examine the reported characteristic plasmonic properties of molybdenum oxides, and applications of supercritical CO2 in formations of 2D layer materials as well as introduced phase and disorder engineering based on our research. Furthermore, we propose our perspective on the development of 2D plasmons, especially for amorphous layer materials in the future.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 4‐Sulfamoylphenyl/Sulfocoumarin Carboxamides as Selective Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms hCA II, IX, and XII
Authors: Angapelly Srinivas , Angeli Andrea , Khan Arbaj Jabbar , Sri Ramya P. V. , Supuran Claudiu T. , Arifuddin Mohammed 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWith the aim to develop potent and selective human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hCAIs), we synthesized 4‐sulfamoylphenyl/sulfocoumarin benzamides (series 5 a–r and series 7 a–q) and evaluated their inhibition profiles against five isoforms of the zinc‐containing human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1): cytosolic hCA I and II, and the transmembrane isozymes hCA IV, IX, and XII. Compounds 5 a–r were found to selectively inhibit hCA II in the nanomolar range, while being less effective against the other hCA isoforms. As noted from the literature, sulfocoumarin (1,2‐benzoxathiine 2,2‐dioxide) acts as a “prodrug” inhibitor and is hydrolyzed by the esterase activity of hCA to form 2‐hydroxyphenylvinylsulfonic acid, which thereafter binds to the enzyme in a manner similar to that of coumarins and sulfoxocoumarins. All these sulfocoumarins (compounds 7 a–q) were found to be very weak or ineffective as inhibitors of the housekeeping off‐target hCA isoforms I and II, and effectively inhibited the transmembrane tumor‐associated isoforms IX and XII in the high nanomolar to micromolar ranges. Further structural modifications of these molecules could be useful for the development of effective hCA inhibitors used for the treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, and cancer.
An efficient low‐rank Kalman filter for modern SIMD architectures
Authors: Cámpora Pérez Daniel Hugo , Awile Omar 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThe Kalman filter is a fundamental process in the reconstruction of particle collisions in high‐energy physics detectors. At the LHCb detector in the Large Hadron Collider, this reconstruction happens at an average rate of 30 million times per second. Due to iterative enhancements in the detector's technology, together with the projected removal of the hardware filter, the rate of particles that will need to be processed in software in real‐time is expected to increase in the coming years by a factor 40. In order to cope with the projected data rate, processing and filtering software must be adapted to take into account cutting‐edge hardware technologies. We present Cross Kalman, a cross‐architecture Kalman filter optimized for low‐rank problems and SIMD architectures. We explore multi‐ and many‐core architectures and compare their performance on single and double precision configurations. We show that under the constraints of our mathematical formulation, we saturate the architectures under study. We validate our results and integrate our filter in the LHCb framework. Our work will allow to better use the available resources at the LHCb experiment and enables us to evaluate other computing platforms for future hardware upgrades. Finally, we expect that the presented algorithm and data structures can be easily adapted to other applications of low‐rank Kalman filters.
Improved video streaming using MSVC and nonoverlapping zone routing multipath propagation over MANETs
Authors: Badhusha S. Mohideen , Geetha B.G. , Prabhu Punitha , Vasanthi R. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryProviding real‐time video streaming in mobile ad hoc networks is difficult because of the time‐dependent channel status and stringent service requirements. The currently existing route request‐reply–based multihop overlay networks cause considerable control overheads in video transmission resulting in loss of data and communication breakdown. Such networks are more suitable to nonstreaming video applications rather than to time‐sensitive video streaming applications. Therefore, a powerful mechanism needs to be adopted to handle the channel failures amicably and reduce latency effectively in time critical video streaming applications over mobile ad hoc networks. In order to be resilient to the channel failures and reduce latency in such applications, 2 strategies, namely, multistate video coding and 2‐tier–based nonoverlapping zone routing multipath propagation through directional antennas have respectively been incorporated. The performance of the proposed nonoverlapping zone routing multipath propagation system is compared with those of the existing multicast zone routing and zone‐based hierarchical link state routing protocols with parameters average end‐to‐end delay, routing overhead and packet delivery ratio using NS 2.34. The simulation results show that latency and resilience get considerably improved. Finally, the video quality of the proposed work has been verified by subjective and objective video testing methods.
Spatial processes decouple management from objectives in a heterogeneous landscape: predator control as a case study
Authors: Mahoney Peter J. , Young Julie K. , Hersey Kent R. , Larsen Randy T. , McMillan Brock R. , Stoner David C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPredator control is often implemented with the intent of disrupting top‐down regulation in sensitive prey populations. However, ambiguity surrounding the efficacy of predator management, as well as the strength of top‐down effects of predators in general, is often exacerbated by the spatially implicit analytical approaches used in assessing data with explicit spatial structure. Here, we highlight the importance of considering spatial context in the case of a predator control study in south‐central Utah. We assessed the spatial match between aerial removal risk in coyotes (Canis latrans) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) resource selection during parturition using a spatially explicit, multi‐level Bayesian model. With our model, we were able to evaluate spatial congruence between management action (i.e., coyote removal) and objective (i.e., parturient deer site selection) at two distinct scales: the level of the management unit and the individual coyote removal. In the case of the former, our results indicated substantial spatial heterogeneity in expected congruence between removal risk and parturient deer site selection across large areas, and is a reflection of logistical constraints acting on the management strategy and differences in space use between the two species. At the level of the individual removal, we demonstrated that the potential management benefits of a removed coyote were highly variable across all individuals removed and in many cases, spatially distinct from parturient deer resource selection. Our methods and results provide a means of evaluating where we might anticipate an impact of predator control, while emphasizing the need to weight individual removals based on spatial proximity to management objectives in any assessment of large‐scale predator control. Although we highlight the importance of spatial context in assessments of predator control strategy, we believe our methods are readily generalizable in any management or large‐scale experimental framework where spatial context is likely an important driver of outcomes.
Low genetic diversity contrasts with high phenotypic variability in heptaploid Spartina densiflora populations invading the Pacific coast of North America
Authors: Castillo Jesús M. , Gallego‐Tévar Blanca , Figueroa Enrique , Grewell Brenda J. , Vallet Dominique , Rousseau Hélène , Keller Jean , Lima Oscar , Dréano Stéphane , Salmon Armel , Aïnouche Malika 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSpecies can respond to environmental pressures through genetic and epigenetic changes and through phenotypic plasticity, but few studies have evaluated the relationships between genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of plant species along changing environmental conditions throughout wide latitudinal ranges. We studied inter‐ and intrapopulation genetic diversity (using simple sequence repeats and chloroplast DNA sequencing) and inter‐ and intrapopulation phenotypic variability of 33 plant traits (using field and common‐garden measurements) for five populations of the invasive cordgrass Spartina densiflora Brongn. along the Pacific coast of North America from San Francisco Bay to Vancouver Island. Studied populations showed very low genetic diversity, high levels of phenotypic variability when growing in contrasted environments and high intrapopulation phenotypic variability for many plant traits. This intrapopulation phenotypic variability was especially high, irrespective of environmental conditions, for those traits showing also high phenotypic plasticity. Within‐population variation represented 84% of the total genetic variation coinciding with certain individual plants keeping consistent responses for three plant traits (chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents, and dead shoot biomass) in the field and in common‐garden conditions. These populations have most likely undergone genetic bottleneck since their introduction from South America; multiple introductions are unknown but possible as the population from Vancouver Island was the most recent and one of the most genetically diverse. S. densiflora appears as a species that would not be very affected itself by climate change and sea‐level rise as it can disperse, establish, and acclimate to contrasted environments along wide latitudinal ranges.
Modelling of R/C members accounting for shear failure localisation: Hysteretic shear model
Authors: Zimos Dimitrios K. , Mergos Panagiotis E. , Kappos Andreas J. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryReinforced concrete (R/C) frame buildings designed according to older seismic codes represent a large part of the existing building stock worldwide. Their structural elements are often vulnerable to shear or flexure‐shear failure, which can eventually lead to loss of axial load resistance of vertical elements and initiate vertical progressive collapse of a building. In this study, a hysteretic model capturing the local shear response of shear‐deficient R/C elements is described in detail, with emphasis on post‐peak behaviour; it differs from existing models in that it considers the localisation of shear strains after the onset of shear failure in a critical length defined by the diagonal failure planes. Additionally, an effort is made to improve the state of the art in post‐peak shear response modelling, by compiling the largest database of experimental results for shear and flexure‐shear critical R/C columns cycled well beyond the onset of shear failure and/or up to the onset of axial failure, and developing empirical relationships for the key parameters defining the local backbone post‐peak shear response of such elements. The implementation of the derived local hysteretic shear model in a computationally efficient beam‐column finite element model with distributed shear flexibility, which accounts for all deformation types, will be presented in a companion paper.
Implementation of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist at a teaching hospital in India and evaluation of the effects on perioperative complications
Authors: Shankar Raghavendra 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe WHO Surgical Safety Checklist was developed to help operating teams reduce the occurrence of patient harm. The Checklist is a simple, practical tool that any surgical team in the world can use to ensure that the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative steps that have been shown to benefit patients are undertaken in a timely and efficient way.MethodsThis study was carried out at Rajarajeswari Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India, to study the effects of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist on mortality and morbidity in surgical patients, to identify the potential problems in the long‐term implementation of the same, and to document the complications in patients undergoing a major surgery during the study period. Data collection followed patients prospectively until discharge or for 30 days, whichever came first, for complications and death.ResultsThere were a total of 73 complications during the period of the study (4.1%). Of these, more than half (44) were surgical wound infections. The proportion of patients who received prophylactic antibiotics was 100% during the period of the study and the checklist identified a deficit and corrected the same in 27 patients.ConclusionsThe checklist was successfully implemented in the said hospital, and the appropriate processes were studied. The use of the checklist was successful in drawing the attention of the personnel to the issue of patient safety, its magnitude, and the appropriate steps to be taken in this regard. The number of omissions in the operation rooms was significantly reduced.
Developing the enterprise architecture for the Namibian government
Authors: Shaanika Irja , Iyamu Tiko 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Namibian government strive to use the enterprise architecture (EA), to address the incidents of disparities, such as obsolesce, incompatibility, duplications, lack of uniformity, and integration challenges that hampers processes and activities in providing socioeconomic services to the communities of the country. Through its domains, the aim of the EA is to facilitate services towards transformation, development, and growth of socioeconomic activities in the country. However, the deployment of the EA is a challenge because there are implications of practice, which are constraints to the aim of the concept. The objective of this study was therefore to develop a framework, which can be used to guide the deployment of the EA. Based on the framework, we examine the implications of practice, which is intended to improve service delivery through the deployment of the EA. The qualitative methods were used in the study. The semi‐structure technique was applied to collect qualitative data. Based on the findings from the data analysis, a framework was developed, which depicts how the EA is influenced by interactions and relationships that happens between the involved actors, and draws on the implications for services delivery. This study is important to both academic and government, as it reveals on how certain factors manifests themselves, to enable, and at the same time, constrain processes and activities of information systems and technologies.
Biomaterial granules used for filling bone defects constitute 3D scaffolds: porosity, microarchitecture and molecular composition analyzed by microCT and Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Arbez Baptiste , Kün‐Darbois Jean‐Daniel , Convert Thierry , Guillaume Bernard , Mercier Philippe , Hubert Laurent , Chappard Daniel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBiomaterials are used in the granular form to fill small bone defects. Granules can be prepared with a grinder from trabecular bone samples or provided as synthetic biomaterials by industry. Granules occupy the 3D‐space and create a macroporosity allowing invasion of vascular and bone cells when the inter‐granular pores are larger than 300 µm. We compared the 3D‐porosity of granule stacks obtained or prepared with nine biomaterials Osteopure®, Lubboc®, Bio‐Oss®, CopiOs®, TCP Dental®, TCP Dental HP®, KeraOs®, and TCH® in comparison with that of human trabecular bone. For each biomaterial, two sizes of granules were analyzed: 250–1000 and 1000–2000 µm. Microcomputed tomography determined porosity and microarchitectural characteristics of granular stacks and Raman microspectroscopy was used to analyze their composition. Stacks of 250–1000 µm granules had a much lower porosity than 1000–2000 µm granules and the maximum frequency of pores was always centered at 200–250 µm. One biomaterial contained substantial amount of cortical bone (Bio‐Oss®). The highest porosity and pore size was obtained with TCP Dental HP. Raman spectroscopy found differences in biomaterials of the same composition. Stacks of granules represent 3D scaffolds resembling trabecular bone with an interconnected porous microarchitecture. Small granules have created pores <300 µm in diameter; this can interfere with vascular colonization. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 415–423, 2019.
Bioremediation of nitrogen‐containing organic pollutants using phenol‐stimulated activated sludge: performance and microbial community analysis
Authors: Zhang Xuwang , Qu Yuanyuan , You Shengnan , Ma Qiao , Zhou Hao , Zhang Lizhi , Zhang Lihang , Jing Jiawei , Liu Lifen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoking wastewater generally contains high levels of phenolics and nitrogen‐containing organic pollutants, thus seeking an appropriate wastewater treatment strategy is necessary. In this study, the triplicate phenol‐stimulated activated sludges (group C) were constructed for aerobic treatment of nitrogen‐containing organic pollutants (indole, pyridine and quinoline), and glucose‐stimulated sludges (group B) were used as control.RESULTSBoth groups maintained high efficiency (>90%) for removal of nitrogen‐containing organic pollutants after long‐term operation (90 days). Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that alpha diversity decreased after receiving nitrogen‐containing pollutants. Glucose exerted protective effects on sludge microbes, but phenol‐stimulated microbial consortia showed greater stability when without supplementation of stimulated substrates. Canonical correspondence analysis and Mantel tests indicated that the microbial community structure was significantly associated with indole and quinoline (P < 0.05). Among the dominant genera, Comamonas was the core genus in both groups for pollutants removal, while Thauera and Sphingomonas should be key functional taxa in glucose‐stimulated sludges, with Pseudoxanthomonas, Brevundimonas and Shinella in phenol‐stimulated sludges. PICRUSt (Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States) analysis suggested that the important functional metabolic capabilities should be those related to Cytochrome P450 enzymes and naphthalene degradation, which were significantly correlated with the nitrogen‐containing organic pollutants (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that phenol‐stimulated microbial consortia could be used for efficient removal of nitrogen‐containing organic pollutants, and therefore could have potential for the bioremediation of coking wastewater. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Correlations between histopathologic and dermoscopic findings in Korean actinic keratosis
Authors: Lee Dong Won , Kim Dae Yeon , Hong Ji Hyuck , Seo Soo Hong , Kye Young Chul , Ahn Hyo Hyun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSkin biopsy for AK diagnosis is usually performed on only a limited part of the whole lesion. Therefore, a clinical diagnosis is important. According to a study, there is no significant correlation between histopathological and clinical classification system. We examined the correlation between microscopic information and dermoscopic findings to deduce if dermoscopic information reflects histopathologic grade severity. Forty seven patients with histologically confirmed AK were enrolled and positive ratio of red pseudonetwork, rosette, red background and targetoid signs, white‐to‐yellow scale, white structureless area, and pigmentation from dermoscopic findings were investigated. Furthermore, viable epidermal thickness, vessel lumen dimensions, existence and thickness of ortho‐ and parakeratosis, degree of sola elastosis, flag sign existence, and Roewert‐Huber classification were measured as histologic findings. Red background did not show a significant correlation with vascular dimension or viable epidermal thickness. When targetoid sign was present, vascular dimension was significantly larger but showed no correlation with viable epidermal thickness, parakeratosis or orthokeratosis. Solar elastosis level was significantly higher when white‐to‐yellow scale was present. According to Spearman's correlation analysis, ortho/parakeratotic thickness showed correlations with each other. The negative correlation between viable epidermal thickness and vascular dimension was also shown. Roewert‐Huber histologic AK classification showed no correlation with any factors we checked. Factors considered to be characteristic features of AK in dermoscopy seemed unassociated with histologic AK classification and additional research is needed to determine degree of dysplasia of AK lesions using dermoscopy.