bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous Formation of Nanochains from Triangular Silver Nanoplates
Authors: Zhao Jingru , Yang Ming 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembly represents an energy‐efficient way toward the configurable design of functional nanomaterials. In this paper, triangular silver nanoplates are shown to spontaneously form anisotropic assemblies in the solution. Nanochains consisting of face‐to‐face aligned nanoplates can reach hundreds of nanometers long after the dispersion of triangular silver nanoplates is allowed to age at room temperature for 1 week. The preferred face‐to‐face attachment is attributed to the maximized van der Waals attraction for a thermodynamically stable configuration as opposed to side‐by‐side attachment. Time‐dependent UV–vis spectra show a gradual blue‐shift along with the increase of aging time, indicating a likely stepwise growth of nanochains. The peak shift is however found to be much smaller than the results of finite‐difference time‐domain simulations based on the same sized nanoplates with ideally concentric face‐to‐face placement. Such discrepancy may be attributed to the possible misalignment and size variations of stacking nanoplates.
Ligand‐Free Bioinspired Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions using Aryltrifluoroborates as Effective Partners in Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Dilauro Giuseppe , García Sergio Mata , Tagarelli Donato , Vitale Paola , Perna Filippo M. , Capriati Vito 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPd‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling between (hetero)aryl halides (Cl, Br, I) and versatile, moisture‐stable mono‐ and bifunctional potassium aryltrifluoroborates proceeded efficiently and chemoselectively in air and under generally mild conditions; a catalyst loading as low as 1 mol % combined with Na2CO3 as a base in choline chloride/glycerol (1:2) deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used as a sustainable and environmentally responsible medium. The catalyst, base, and DES were easily and successfully recycled up to six times with an E‐factor as low as 8.74. Valuable biaryls and terphenyl derivatives were furnished in yields of up to 98 %; over 50 reactions were compared and discussed. The methodology was applied for the synthesis of the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs Felbinac and Diflunisal.
Key Single‐Atom Electrocatalysis in Metal—Organic Framework (MOF)‐Derived Bifunctional Catalysts
Authors: Zhao Wanpeng , Wan Gang , Peng Chunlei , Sheng Huaping , Wen Jianguo , Chen Hangrong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMetal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived materials have attracted increasing interest and show promising catalytic performances in many fields. Intensive efforts have been focused on the structure design and metal‐site integration in MOF‐derived catalysts. However, the key catalytic processes related with the metal sites in MOF‐derived catalysts that dominate the electrocatalytic performance still remain obscure. Herein, we show a neglected but critical issue in the pyrolytic synthesis of MOF‐derived catalysts: the coupled evolution of dual sites, that is, metallic sites and single‐atom metal sites. The identification of active sites of single‐atom sites from the visible particles has been elucidated through the combined X‐ray spectroscopic, electron microscopic, and electrochemical studies. Interestingly, after a total removal of metallic cobalt sites, catalysts with purified single‐atom metal sites show no faltering activity for either the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) or hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), while significantly enhanced ORR selectivity is achieved; this reveals the dominant activity and selectivity contribution from single‐atom electrocatalysis. The insight of the coupled evolution of dual sites and the as‐demonstrated dual‐site decoupling strategies open up a new routine for the design and synthesis of MOF‐derived catalysts with the optimized single‐atom electrocatalysis towards various electrochemical reactions.
Towards Sustainable High‐Performance Thermoplastics: Synthesis, Characterization, and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bisguaiacol‐Based Polyesters
Authors: Curia Silvio , Biundo Antonino , Fischer Isabel , Braunschmid Verena , Gübitz Georg M. , Stanzione Joseph F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Joseph Stanzione at Rowan University. The Cover Image is an artistic photography effort aiming to show that lignin‐derived compounds can be utilized for the preparation of sustainable, highperformance polyesters susceptible to biodegradation. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201801059.
ClearCell® FX, a label‐free microfluidics technology for enrichment of viable circulating tumor cells
Authors: Lee Yifang , Guan Guofeng , Bhagat Ali Asgar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) dissociate from primary tumor into the bloodstream, and carry with them cancer's fingerprints as well as the potential to turn aggressive and metastasize. In order to understand CTCs and develop clinical utility, different methods of enrichment and isolation of CTCs can be used. Here, we report the use of a label‐free platform, ClearCell® FX which isolates CTCs by their mechanical features and its advantages. The technology utilizes Dean Flow Fractionation (DFF) principle in a spiral microfluidics system to separate the larger CTCs from smaller blood cells. The gentle and fast workflow allows for a range of downstream assays to be performed on the intact CTCs, particularly studies that examine an epithelial cell adhesion molecular (EpCAM)‐independent population. Viable, intact cells are also retrievable for development of culture or in vivo models. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A rapid single cell sorting verification method using plate‐based image cytometry
Authors: Zigon Eric S. , Purseglove Suzanne M. , Toxavidis Vasilis , Rice William , Tigges John , Chan Leo Li‐Ying 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSingle cell sorting is commonly used for ensuring monoclonality and producing homogenous target cell populations. Current single cell verification methods involve manually confirming the existence of single cells or colonies in a well using a standard light microscope. However, the manual verification method is time‐consuming and highly tedious, which prompts a need for an accurate and rapid detection method for verifying single cell sorting capability. Here, we demonstrate a rapid single cell sorting verification method using the Celigo Image Cytometer. Calcein AM‐stained Jurkat cells and fluorescent beads are sorted into 96‐well half area microplates using the MoFlo Astrios EQ. Whole well bright field and fluorescent images are acquired and analyzed using the image cytometer in less than 8 min. The proposed single cell verification detection method in multi‐well microplates can allow for quick optimization of FACS instruments at flow core laboratories, as well as improvement of downstream biological assays by accurately confirming the presence of single cells in each well.
Navigating snowscapes: scale‐dependent responses of mountain sheep to snowpack properties
Authors: Mahoney Peter J. , Liston Glen E. , LaPoint Scott , Gurarie Eliezer , Mangipane Buck , Wells Adam G. , Brinkman Todd J. , Eitel Jan U. H. , Hebblewhite Mark , Nolin Anne W. , Boelman Natalie , Prugh Laura R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWinters are limiting for many terrestrial animals due to energy deficits brought on by resource scarcity and the increased metabolic costs of thermoregulation and traveling through snow. A better understanding of how animals respond to snow conditions is needed to predict the impacts of climate change on wildlife. We compared the performance of remotely sensed and modeled snow products as predictors of winter movements at multiple spatial and temporal scales using a data set of 20,544 locations from 30 GPS‐collared Dall sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA from 2005 to 2008. We used daily 500‐m MODIS normalized difference snow index (NDSI), and multi‐resolution snow depth and density outputs from a snowpack evolution model (SnowModel), as covariates in step selection functions. We predicted that modeled snow depth would perform best across all scales of selection due to more informative spatiotemporal variation and relevance to animal movement. Our results indicated that adding any of the evaluated snow metrics substantially improved model performance and helped characterize winter Dall sheep movements. As expected, SnowModel‐simulated snow depth outperformed NDSI at fine‐to‐moderate scales of selection (step scales < 112 h). At the finest scale, Dall sheep selected for snow depths below mean chest height (<54 cm) when in low‐density snows (100 kg/m3), which may have facilitated access to ground forage and reduced energy expenditure while traveling. However, sheep selected for higher snow densities (>300 kg/m3) at snow depths above chest height, which likely further reduced energy expenditure by limiting hoof penetration in deeper snows. At moderate‐to‐coarse scales (112–896 h step scales), however, NDSI was the best‐performing snow covariate. Thus, the use of publicly available, remotely sensed, snow cover products can substantially improve models of animal movement, particularly in cases where movement distances exceed the MODIS 500‐m grid threshold. However, remote sensing products may require substantial data thinning due to cloud cover, potentially limiting its power in cases where complex models are necessary. Snowpack evolution models such as SnowModel offer users increased flexibility at the expense of added complexity, but can provide critical insights into fine‐scale responses to rapidly changing snow properties.
Cryptic genetic variation and adaptation to waterlogging in Caledonian Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Donnelly Kevin , Cavers Stephen , Cottrell Joan E. , Ennos Richard A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLocal adaptation occurs as the result of differential selection among populations. Observations made under common environmental conditions may reveal phenotypic differences between populations with an underlying genetic basis; however, exposure to a contrasting novel environment can trigger release of otherwise unobservable (cryptic) genetic variation. We conducted a waterlogging experiment on a common garden trial of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.), saplings originating from across a steep rainfall gradient in Scotland. A flood treatment was maintained for approximately 1 year; physiological responses were gauged periodically in terms of photochemical capacity as measured via chlorophyll fluorescence. During the treatment, flooded individuals experienced a reduction in photochemical capacity, Fv/Fm, this reduction being greater for material originating from drier, eastern sites. Phenotypic variance was increased under flooding, and this increase was notably smaller in saplings originating from western sites where precipitation is substantially greater and waterlogging is more common. We conclude that local adaptation has occurred with respect to waterlogging tolerance and that, under the flooding treatment, the greater increase in variability observed in populations originating from drier sites is likely to reflect a relative absence of past selection. In view of a changing climate, we note that comparatively maladapted populations may possess considerable adaptive potential, due to cryptic genetic variation, that should not be overlooked.
Parasitic versus nutritional regulation of natural fish populations
Authors: Frantz Amélie , Perga Marie‐Elodie , Guillard Jean 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAlthough parasites are expected to affect their host's fitness, quantitative proof for impacts of parasitism on wild populations is hampered by confounding environmental factors, including dietary resource. Herein, we evaluate whether the physiological conditions of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) in three large peri‐alpine lakes (Geneva, Annecy, and Bourget) depend on (a) the nutritional status of the juvenile fish, as revealed by stable isotope and fatty acid compositions, (b) the prevalence of the tapeworm Triaenophorus nodulosus, a parasite transmitted to perch through copepod preys, or (c) interactive effects of both factors. At the scale of lake populations, the deficit in growth and fat storage of juvenile perch during their first summer coincides with a high parasite prevalence and also a low quality of dietary resource. Yet, at the individual level, parasites had no evident effect on the growth of the juvenile perch, while impacts on fat storage appeared only at the highest prevalence of the most infected lake. Fatty acid and stable isotope analyses of fish tissue do not reveal any impact of T. nodulosus on diet, physiology, and feeding behaviour of fish within lakes. Overall, we found a low impact of parasitism on the physiological condition and trophic status of juvenile perch at the end of their first summer. We find instead that juvenile perch growth and fat storage, both factors tied to their winter survival, are under strong nutritional constraints. However, the coinciding nutritional constraints and parasite prevalence of perch juveniles in these three lakes may result from the indirect effect of lake nutrient concentrations, which, as a major control of zooplankton communities, simultaneously regulate both the dietary quality of fish prey and the host–parasite encounter rates.
Reduced representation sequencing detects only subtle regional structure in a heavily exploited and rapidly recolonizing marine mammal species
Authors: Dussex Nicolas , Taylor Helen R. , Stovall Willam R. , Rutherford Kim , Dodds Ken G. , Clarke Shannon M. , Gemmell Neil J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNext‐generation reduced representation sequencing (RRS) approaches show great potential for resolving the structure of wild populations. However, the population structure of species that have shown rapid demographic recovery following severe population bottlenecks may still prove difficult to resolve due to high gene flow between subpopulations. Here, we tested the effectiveness of theRRSmethod Genotyping‐By‐Sequencing (GBS) for describing the population structure of the New Zealand fur seal (NZFS,Arctocephalus forsteri), a species that was heavily exploited by the 19th century commercial sealing industry and has since rapidly recolonized most of its former range from a few isolated colonies. Using 26,026 neutral single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we assessed genetic variation within and betweenNZFScolonies. We identified low levels of population differentiation across the species range (<1% of variation explained by regional differences) suggesting a state of near panmixia. Nonetheless, we observed subtle population substructure between West Coast and Southern East Coast colonies and a weak, but significant (p = 0.01), isolation‐by‐distance pattern among the eight colonies studied. Furthermore, our demographic reconstructions supported severe bottlenecks with potential 10‐fold and 250‐fold declines in response to Polynesian and European hunting, respectively. Finally, we were able to assign individuals treated as unknowns to their regions of origin with high confidence (96%) using ourSNPdata. Our results indicate that while it may be difficult to detect population structure in species that have experienced rapid recovery, next‐generation markers and methods are powerful tools for resolving fine‐scale structure and informing conservation and management efforts.
Linking geomorphic change due to floods to spatial hydraulic habitat dynamics
Authors: Tamminga Aaron , Eaton Brett 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLarge flood events have the capacity to induce geomorphic restructuring that can impact riverine ecosystems. However, the detailed morphodynamics associated with infrequent, high‐magnitude floods are variable and difficult to capture, and more research is needed into potential relationships between geomorphic change, flow organization, and aquatic habitat dynamics. In this study, we focus on the reach‐scale response of a gravel bed river to a large flood, employing a combined remote sensing, field measurement, and numerical modelling approach to measure and interpret conditions bracketing the flood. Documented geomorphic turnover was extensive, reworking low‐flow channel patterns and causing widespread bank erosion and sediment deposition. This resulted in a shift to wide, shallow flow conditions in the post‐flood morphology and a loss of hydraulic diversity, particularly in ecologically important pool and riffle units identified using a fuzzy statistical classification method. These impacts are most evident at low flows; higher discharges display relatively similar hydraulic conditions despite geomorphic change. Smaller‐scale adjustments in the year following the flood appear to be driving the reintroduction of hydraulic diversity, which is interpreted as beneficial for in‐stream brown trout. Results from this study highlight the utility of applying flexible and objective remote sensing and modelling methods to measure fluvial change and provide a real‐world example that can inform broader theoretical understanding of large flood ecohydrology.
Spatial heterogeneity in the abundance and fecundity of Arctic mosquitoes
Authors: Culler Lauren E. , Ayres Matthew P. , Virginia Ross A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe abundance of mosquitoes is strongly influenced by biotic and abiotic factors that act on the immature (aquatic) and adult (terrestrial) life stages. Rapid changes in land use and climate, which impact aquatic and terrestrial mosquito habitat, necessitate studying the ecological mechanisms, and their interplay with the changing environment, that affect mosquito abundance. These data are crucial for anticipating how environmental change will impact their roles as pests, disease vectors, and in food webs. We studied a population of Arctic mosquitoes (Aedes nigripes, Diptera: Culicidae) in western Greenland, a region experiencing rapid environmental change, to quantify spatial variation in adult abundance and reproduction. Using sweep nets, we collected about sevenfold more mosquitoes within the town of Kangerlussuaq and within a low‐elevation tundra valley compared to three other tundra locations. Dissections of adult female mosquitoes revealed that only 17% were gravid overall, with a range of 7–43% among sites. If gravid, mosquitoes matured an average of 60 eggs per individual—more in larger females. We found no indication of autogenous egg development. Analyses using our field data indicated that spatial variation in adult fecundity and survival of immatures could each account for a 10‐fold range in the per capita growth of mosquito populations. The availability of vertebrate hosts and aquatic habitat is changing in many parts of the Arctic and can be expected to influence Arctic mosquito abundance. In the Arctic, and elsewhere, life‐history data from natural populations of mosquitoes will significantly aid in understanding controls on the abundance of these globally ubiquitous insects.
Dormancy‐defense syndromes and tradeoffs between physical and chemical defenses in seeds of pioneer species
Authors: Zalamea Paul‐Camilo , Dalling James W. , Sarmiento Carolina , Arnold A. Elizabeth , Delevich Carolyn , Berhow Mark A. , Ndobegang Anyangatia , Gripenberg Sofia , Davis Adam S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSeeds of tropical pioneer trees have chemical and physical characteristics that determine their capacity to persist in the soil seed bank. These traits allow seeds to survive in the soil despite diverse predators and pathogens, and to germinate and recruit even decades after dispersal. Defenses in seedlings and adult plants often are described in terms of tradeoffs between chemical and physical defense, but the interplay of defensive strategies has been evaluated only rarely for seeds. Here we evaluated whether classes of seed defenses were negatively correlated across species (consistent with tradeoffs in defense strategies), or whether groups of traits formed associations across species (consistent with seed defense syndromes). Using 16 of the most common pioneer tree species in a neotropical lowland forest in Panama we investigated relationships among four physical traits (seed fracture resistance, seed coat thickness, seed permeability, and seed mass) and two chemical traits (number of phenolic compounds and phenolic peak area), and their association with seed persistence. In addition, seed toxicity was assessed with bioassays in which we evaluated the activity of seed extracts against representative fungal pathogens and a model invertebrate. We did not find univariate tradeoffs between chemical and physical defenses. Instead, we found that seed permeability – a trait that distinguishes physical dormancy from other dormancy types – was positively associated with chemical defense traits and negatively associated with physical defense traits. Using a linear discriminant analysis and a hierarchical cluster analysis we found evidence to distinguish three distinct seed defense syndromes that correspond directly with seed dormancy classes (i.e., quiescent, physical, and physiological). Our data suggest that short and long‐term persistence of seeds can be achieved via two strategies: having permeable seeds that are well defended chemically, corresponding to the physiologically dormant defense syndrome; or having impermeable seeds that are well defended physically, corresponding to the physically dormant defense syndrome. In turn, transient seeds appear to have a lower degree of chemical and physical defenses, corresponding to the quiescent defense syndrome. Overall, we find that seed defense and seed dormancy are linked, suggesting that environmental pressures on seed persistence and for delayed germination can select for trait combinations defining distinct dormancy‐defense syndromes.