bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Intersectionality to Understand How Structural Domains Are Embedded in Life Narratives
Authors: Wilkinson Westberg Dulce , Syed Moin , Loyd Aerika Brittian , Dunlop William 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study draws on life narrative data and an intersectional framework to explore features of narratives around structural domains, aiming to better understand the possible impacts of these domains on identity.MethodThrough in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 177 young adults from primarily minoritized groups (73% Asian American or Latine, 59% Women, Median Parent Income = $50,001 to $75,000), we gathered 885 life narratives. Young adults narrated a domain‐general, ethnic/racial, gender, social class, and intersectional experience. Features capturing the content (Presence of Structural Domains, Connection to and Between Structural Domains) and process (Meaning Making, Affective Tone) of narratives were explored.ResultsStructural domains manifested uniquely within narratives such that ethnicity/race was discussed most frequently across narratives, whereas gender and social class were mentioned more in narratives about those domains. Additionally, Meaning Making was highest in self‐defining narratives and positively correlated with the number of structural domains present within and across narratives. Affective Tone was most positive in self‐defining narratives and most negative in social class narratives, which also contained the lowest Connection to Structural Domain.ConclusionThis study combines an intersectional framework and life narrative data to understand how structural domains manifest within young adults' experiences, revealing how those domains are interconnected and may impact identity.
Antenatal counselling at the cusp of viability and parental decision‐making in the zone of parental discretion: A cohort study
Authors: Sabljak Jessica , Brinsmead Tammy 
Published: November 2024

AimSafer Care Victoria updated a clinical guideline on extreme prematurity in 2020, reducing the threshold for offering resuscitation from 23 to 22 weeks gestation. The zone of parental discretion is the interval of shared decision‐making between parents and doctors regarding resuscitation decisions. It is especially relevant at this periviable gestation. Our study aimed to establish current practices in antenatal counselling and steroid administration at this cusp of viability, and examine the decisions made during the zone of parental discretion.MethodsSingle centre retrospective cohort study. Sixteen thousand three hundred fifty‐four admissions and emergency department presentations between January 2021 and July 2023 were retrieved from Birthing Outcomes System (BOS) and patient details were imported and manually reviewed on Microsoft Excel, with particular note to the gestation at admission/emergency department presentation and duration of admission. Eighty‐seven patients were identified as present in the hospital between 21 + 0 and 22 + 6 weeks gestation. These 87 scanned records on Clinical Patient Folder (CPF) were then manually reviewed to identify if antenatal counselling occurred during this window. Thirty‐six patients were included who received antenatal counselling between 21 + 0 and 22 + 6 weeks gestation (the remaining patients did not receive antenatal counselling during this window), and relevant data was subsequently extracted from the scanned medical record and analysed using SPSS software (IBM SPSS Statistics 29).ResultsThirty‐six women received antenatal counselling between 21 + 0 and 22 + 6 weeks. 58% decided on full resuscitation and 39% opted for comfort care if their infant was to be born between 22 + 0 and 22 + 6 weeks. All but one baby born premature were exposed to steroids, with 83.3% receiving a full course. Twenty‐eight infants (62.2%) were fully steroid loaded at the time of delivery. In those fully steroid loaded, 31.1% of the time steroids were initiated prior to transfer, 50% of the time deferred until neonatal review and a decision regarding the resuscitation status of the baby, and on one occasion requested by the neonatologist before counselling.ConclusionPatients at risk for premature birth who attended our hospital at the cusp of viability were generally counselled about the opportunity for resuscitation between 22 + 0 and 22 + 6 weeks gestational age, and offered steroids. Further studies are required to establish whether the content of antenatal counselling, and the timing of steroids, are consistent in this population.
Pathogenic Variability and Race Structure of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Isolates From Common Bean in Ethiopia
Authors: Degu Tizazu , Alemu Tesfaye , Desalegn Asnake , Assefa Alemayehu , Fenta Berhanu Amsalu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBean anthracnose, caused by Colletothricum lindemuthianum, poses a significant threat to common bean production in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenic variability and race structure and distribution of bean anthracnose in four selected zones (Metekel, Sidama, Wolaita and Halaba) of Ethiopia. Field surveys were conducted at 5–7 km intervals, focusing on diseased plant parts of common bean. The severity, incidence and prevalence of bean anthracnose were assessed and determined, and a total of 74 bean anthracnose isolates were obtained for further analysis. The isolates were tested on the 12 standard differential cultivars. The results revealed a wide range of pathogenic variability, with severity ranging from 0% to 24.1%, incidence from 0% to 87% and prevalence from 0% to 100%. The 74 isolates were classified into 32 distinct pathogenic races with 20 of them being newly identified races specific to Ethiopia. Dibate district had the highest number of races (12), whereas Sodo_Zuria and Borecha district had only one. Race 128 was widely distributed, and race 3770 was the most virulent, infecting 8 of the 12 differential cultivars. Around 14% of the isolates were virulent to one differential cultivar, whereas 4.1% to eight cultivars. These findings have important implications for developing resistant cultivars by deploying resistance genes into an improved cultivar and ensuring sustainable common bean production in Ethiopia and other related countries.
Effects of biological and environmental filtering on the community assembly of two grasslands in southern Mexico
Authors: Romero‐Rodríguez Emiliano , Martorell Carlos , García‐Meza Diego 
Published: November 2024

AbstractQuestionsCommunity assembly is envisaged as filters that preclude some species in the regional pool from invading local communities. We tested whether the large floristic differences between adjacent calcicole and calcifuge grasslands are explained by either of five filters: environment (soil) or positive or negative interactions with plants and with soil biota.LocationSouthern Mexico.MethodsWe conducted a reciprocal‐transplant experiment with 20 species that were introduced to both habitats under three conditions: intact local community, without plants, and in sterilized plots. Each of the five filters mentioned above predict unique patterns in the performance (survival and growth) of plants in the six treatments. Thus, we used multimodel inference to determine which filters (patterns) were consistent with the evidence.ResultsWe detected at least one filter operating on all but four species. Survival data showed frequent support for environmental filtering, with interactions (mostly positive) playing a secondary role; however negative interactions became as frequent as environmental filtering when growth was considered.ConclusionsThe large physicochemical differences between the soils of both grasslands explain the high frequency of environmental filtering. Soils differed in nutrient availability, but also had toxic concentrations of different elements. Survival was strongly influenced by early mortality, while size was measured at the end of the experiment. It is thus likely that the differences between analyses based on survival and size reflect an ontogenetic change from positive to negative interactions. Other plants frequently facilitate seedlings, but this interaction often turns competitive over time. Soil mutualists provide nutrients that seedlings cannot access, but antagonists build up in the rhizosphere as plants age. Unlike studies that infer filters from extant plants in communities or from successful invasions, our approach provides direct evidence on which filters cause species to be absent from communities.
Human Impacts on Great Lakes Walleye Sander vitreus Structure, Diversity and Local Adaptation
Authors: Euclide Peter T. , Kuhl Heiner , Wilson Chris C. , Scribner Kim T. , Miller Loren M. , Stott Wendylee , Larson Wesley A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTArtificial propagation and wild release may influence the genetic integrity of wild populations. This practice has been prevalent in fisheries for centuries and is often termed ‘stocking’. In the Laurentian Great Lakes (Great Lakes here‐on), walleye populations faced declines from the 1950s to the 1970s, prompting extensive stocking efforts for restoration. By the mid‐2010s, walleye populations showed signs of recovery, but the genetic legacy of stocking on population structure at the genomic level remains unclear. Using a dataset of 45,600 genome‐aligned SNP loci genotyped in 1075 walleye individuals, we investigated the genetic impacts of over 50 years of stocking across the Great Lakes. Population structure was associated with both natural geographic barriers and stocking from non‐native sources. Admixture between Lake Erie walleye and walleye from the re‐populated Tittabawassee River indicate that stocking may have re‐distributed putatively adaptive alleles around the Great Lakes. Genome scans identified FST outliers and evidence of selective sweeps, indicating local adaptation of spawning populations is likely. Notably, one genomic region showed strong differentiation between Muskegon River and walleye from the Tittabawassee River, which was re‐populated by Muskegon strain walleye, suggesting admixture and selection both impact the observed genetic diversity. Overall, our study underscores how artificial propagation and translocations can significantly alter the evolutionary trajectory of populations. The findings highlight the complex interplay between stocking practices and population genetic diversity, emphasising the need for careful management strategies to preserve the genetic integrity of wild populations amidst conservation efforts.
A Kaleckian growth model of secular stagnation with induced innovation
Authors: Stamegna Marco 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper works out a demand‐led growth model that draws on the Kaleckian‐Steindlian tradition to examine the relationships between income distribution, capacity utilization, and capital accumulation; on Goodwin‐type growth cycle models to investigate the dynamic interaction between labour market and distributive conflict; and on the induced innovation literature to link labour productivity growth to income distribution. We find that: (i) an increase in the labour share driven by stronger workers' bargaining power leads to faster capital accumulation and labour productivity growth in the long run, irrespective of the short‐run growth regime of the economy; (ii) a positive institutional shock to the labour share can either increase or decrease the long‐run employment rate, depending on the short‐run growth regime; and (iii) an increase in the labour share driven by negative technology shocks leads to faster capital accumulation and labour productivity growth in the long run only if the economy exhibits a short‐run wage‐led regime. This model then unifies classical/neo‐Goodwinian and Kaleckian views on the long‐run relationships between the labour share, employment, and growth within a more general Kaleckian framework of a labour‐constrained economy with induced technical change.
A coarse aggregate particle size classification method by fusing 3D multi‐view and graph convolutional networks
Authors: Tian Aojia , Li Wei , Yang Ming , Ding Jiangang , Pei Lili , Weng Yuhan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo address the inaccurate classification of coarse aggregate particle size due to insufficient height information in single‐view, a multi‐view and graph convolutional network (GCN) based method for coarse aggregate particle size classification was proposed in this study. First, the viewpoint selection and projection strategies were designed to build the aggregate multi‐view datasets. Then, the surface texture of the aggregate was reconstructed by using 3D point cloud information. Finally, self‐attention mechanism and three‐layer GCN were introduced to aggregate global shape feature descriptors. The experimental results show that the proposed interleaved self‐attention and view GCN model achieves a coarse aggregate particle size classification accuracy of 94.11%, outperforming other multi‐view classification algorithms. This method provides a new possibility for the accurate detection of aggregate particle size and provides significant support for the production and automatic detection of aggregate raw materials.
High‐Resolution Melting Assay to Detect the Mutations That Cause the Y132F and G458S Substitutions at the ERG11 Gene Involved in Azole Resistance in Candida parapsilosis
Authors: Trevijano‐Contador Nuria , López‐Peralta Elena , López‐López Jorge , Roldán Alejandra , de Armentia Cristina , Zaragoza Óscar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCandida parapsilosis is a pathogenic yeast that has reduced susceptibility to echinocandins and ranks as the second or third leading cause of candidaemia, depending on the geographical region. This yeast often causes nosocomial infections, which are frequently detected as outbreaks. In recent years, resistance to azoles in C. parapsilosis has increased globally, primarily due to the accumulation of mutations in the ERG11 gene.ObjectivesIn this study, we have developed an assay based on real‐time PCR and high‐resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis to detect two of the most prevalent mutations at ERG11 that confer resistance to fluconazole (Y132F and G458S).MethodsWe designed allele‐specific oligonucleotides that selectively bind to either the wild type or mutated sequences and optimised the conditions to ensure amplification of the specific allele, followed by detection via high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis.ResultsThe designed oligonucleotides to detect the Erg11Y132F and Erg11G458S mutations produced specific amplification of either WT or mutated alleles. We conducted a duplex real‐time PCR combining oligonucleotides for the wild‐type sequences in one mix, and oligonucleotides for the mutated alleles in another. Following this, we performed an analysis of the HRM curve to identify the amplified allele in each case. This technique was blindly evaluated on a set of 114 C. parapsilosis isolates, all of which were unequivocally identified using our approach.ConclusionThis technique offers a new method for the early detection of azole resistance mechanism in C. parapsilosis.
Optimizing the low‐temperature performance of high‐wax‐content crude oil with emulsion‐based wax inhibitors: Mechanisms and efficacy
Authors: Jing Jiaqiang , Cao Lei , Shan Yuting , Sun Jie , Tan Jiatong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWax deposition in constant‐temperature transportation of waxy oil with high pour points poses a significant challenge for the oil industry. The demand for efficient methods to solve wax deposition has gained attention. To elucidate the impact of emulsion‐based wax inhibitors on the performance of crude oils with varying wax content at low temperatures, experiments, rheological analyses, and microscopic analyses were conducted to study their pour point regulation, low‐temperature flow improvement, wax prevention effectiveness, and wax crystallization behavior. The results indicate that emulsion‐based wax inhibitors significantly reduce the pour point of crude oil, especially for high‐wax‐content oil, while for low‐wax‐content oil, the pour point only decreased by 3°C. By penetrating and dispersing wax crystals, the inhibitor reduced the viscosity of crude oil at low temperatures, enhancing its flowability. At 28°C, crude oil transitioned from a shear‐thinning non‐Newtonian fluid to a Newtonian fluid at wax inhibitor dosages of 500−750 ppm. At 1000 ppm, the wax prevention rate for high‐wax‐content oil reached 87.5%, but the effect plateaued beyond this concentration. Additionally, the wax prevention and removal mechanism of the emulsion‐based wax inhibitors is discussed. This study confirms that emulsion‐based wax inhibitors significantly enhance the low‐temperature processability of crude oil, offering a viable strategy for the conveyance and refinement in cold climates.
Research excellence in a world of change
Authors: Loo Becky P. Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis commentary is in response to the proposed changes in the United Kingdom Research Excellence Framework (UK REF) 2029 and the potential implications on Hong Kong beyond the upcoming Research Assessment Exercise (Hong Kong RAE) 2026. Defining research excellence in a world of change is challenging and debatable. The suggested changes in UK REF 2029 are numerous and structural, ranging from changing the relative importance of the components of research excellence to a re‐conceptualisation of the scope, structure, and assessment criteria of each component. The issues are complex and the implications are wide‐ranging. A wider awareness among the research community and an in‐depth dialogue with the relevant authorities about the proposed changes are urgently needed.
Abundance: Asymmetric graph removal lemmas and integer solutions to linear equations
Authors: Girão António , Hurley Eoin , Illingworth Freddie , Michel Lukas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe prove that a large family of pairs of graphs satisfy a polynomial dependence in asymmetric graph removal lemmas. In particular, we give an unexpected answer to a question of Gishboliner, Shapira and Wigderson by showing that for every , there are ‐abundant graphs of chromatic number . Using similar methods, we also extend work of Ruzsa by proving that a set which avoids solutions with distinct integers to an equation of genus at least two has size . The best previous bound was and the exponent of is best possible in such a result. Finally, we investigate the relationship between polynomial dependencies in asymmetric removal lemmas and the problem of avoiding integer solutions to equations. The results suggest a potentially deep correspondence. Many open questions remain.
On the spectral variety for rank two Higgs bundles
Authors: He Siqi , Liu Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this article, we study the Hitchin morphism over a smooth projective variety. The Hitchin morphism is a map from the moduli space of Higgs bundles to the Hitchin base, which in general not surjective when the dimension of the variety is greater than one. Chen–Ngô introduced the spectral base, which is a closed subvariety of the Hitchin base. They conjectured that the Hitchin morphism is surjective to the spectral base and also proved that the surjectivity is equivalent to the existence of finite Cohen–Macaulayfications of the spectral varieties. For rank two Higgs bundles over a projective manifold, we explicitly construct a finite Cohen–Macaulayfication of the spectral variety as a double branched covering, thereby confirming Chen–Ngô's conjecture. Moreover, using this Cohen–Macaulayfication, we can construct the Hitchin section for rank two Higgs bundles, which allows us to study the rigidity problem of the character variety and also to explore a generalization of the Milnor–Wood‐type inequality.
Women in space: A review of known physiological adaptations and health perspectives
Authors: Hughes‐Fulford Millie , Carroll Danielle J. , Allaway Heather C. M. , Dunbar Bonnie J. , Sawyer Aenor J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExposure to the spaceflight environment causes adaptations in most human physiological systems, many of which are thought to affect women differently from men. Since only 11.5% of astronauts worldwide have been female, these issues are largely understudied. The physiological nuances affecting the female body in the spaceflight environment remain inadequately defined since the last thorough published review on the subject. A PubMed literature search yielded over 2200 publications. Using NASA's 2014 review series ‘The effects of sex and gender on adaptation to space’ as a benchmark, we identified substantive advancements and persistent knowledge gaps in need of further study from the nearly 600 related articles that have been published since the initial review. This review highlights the most critical issues to mitigate medical risk and promote the success of missions to the Moon and Mars. Salient sex‐linked differences observed terrestrially should be studied during upcoming missions, including increased levels of inflammatory markers, coagulation factors and leptin levels following sleep deprivation; correlation between body mass and the severity of spaceflight‐associated neuro‐ocular syndrome; increased incidence of orthostatic intolerance; increased severity of muscle atrophy and bone loss; differences in the incidence of urinary tract infections; and susceptibility to specific cancers after exposure to ionizing radiation. To optimize health and well‐being among all astronauts, it is imperative to prioritize research that considers the physiological nuances of the female body. A more robust understanding of female physiology in the spaceflight environment will support crew readiness for Artemis missions and beyond.
Sex differences in elite track and field performances and inferences about steroid doping
Authors: Collantes Diana B. , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Larson Kathryn F. , Coleman Doriane Lambelet , Joyner Michael J. , Kipp Shalaya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFemales likely experience larger performance benefits from androgenic‐anabolic steroids than males. We set out to determine if there were temporal differences in select athletics (track and field) records between females and males. Exploratory aims included: (1) evaluating the improvements in female and male world records over time, and (2) investigating the influence of doping programs on male and female world records before and after 1990, when sports governing bodies began to implement random out‐of‐competition and systematic in‐competition drug testing. We collected the top 500 performances of all time for both sexes from an online database (worldathletics.org) in four running events (100, 200, 400 and 800 m) and two throwing events (discus throw and shot‐put). Data were stratified into quintiles based on world record ranking (1st to 100th, 101st to 200th, etc.). The temporal distribution of the top 100 female performers was significantly earlier than the top 100 male performers (year: 2000 ± 1 vs. 2005 ± 1, respectively; P < 0.0001). Within the event, the top performances occurred significantly earlier for females in the 800 m (year: 1995 ± 15 vs. 2003 ± 12; P = 0.0007) and shot‐put (year: 1992 ± 14 vs. 2003 ± 17; P = 0.0004). Among females, world records rapidly improved through the 1980s, but following 1990, the world records ceased to improve. Geographically, there was a greater representation of countries with state‐sponsored doping programs, specifically among female performances. We postulate these sex differences in the temporal distribution of top performances are likely associated with enhanced effectiveness of exogenous androgens (steroid doping) among female athletes with lower endogenous androgen hormones compared to males.