bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of antagonistic yeasts for biocontrol applications on apples or in soil by quantitative analyses of synthetic yeast communities
Authors: Gross Simon , Kunz Liesa , Müller Denise C. , Santos Kron Amanda , Freimoser Florian M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAntagonistic yeasts suppress plant pathogenic fungi by various mechanisms, but their biocontrol efficacy also depends on the ability to compete and persist in the environment. The goal of the work presented here was to quantify the composition of synthetic yeast communities in order to determine the competitiveness of different species and identify promising candidates for plant protection. For this purpose, colony counting of distinct species and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS; MALDI biotyping) were used to distinguish different yeast species and to quantify the composition of a synthetic community of six yeasts (Aureobasidium pullulans, Candida subhashii, Cyberlindnera sargentensis, Hanseniaspora sp., Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Pichia kluyveri) over time, on apples and in soil, and in different growth media. These studies revealed important characteristics that predispose the different species for particular applications. For example, the competitiveness and antagonistic activity of C. subhashii was strongly increased in the presence of N‐acetylglucosamin as the sole carbon source, M. pulcherrima and A. pullulans were the strongest competitors on apple, and C. sargentensis competed the best in soil microcosms. Based on these laboratory studies, M. pulcherrima and A. pullulans are promising candidates for biocontrol applications against fungal phyllosphere diseases, while C. sargentensis may hold potential for use against soilborne fungal pathogens. These results document the potential of MALDI‐TOF MS for the quantitative analysis of synthetic yeast communities and highlight the value of studying microorganisms with relevant functions in moderately complex, synthetic communities and natural substrates rather than as individual isolates.
Gravitational multipole moments from Noether charges
Authors: Compère Geoffrey , Oliveri Roberto , Seraj Ali 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe define the mass and current multipole moments for an arbitrary theory of gravity in terms of canonical Noether charges associated with specific residual transformations in canonical harmonic gauge, which we call multipole symmetries. We show that our definition exactly matches Thorne’s mass and current multipole moments in Einstein gravity, which are defined in terms of metric components. For radiative configurations, the total multipole charges — including the contributions from the source and the radiation — are given by surface charges at spatial infinity, while the source multipole moments are naturally identified by surface integrals in the near-zone or, alternatively, from a regularization of the Noether charges at null infinity. The conservation of total multipole charges is used to derive the variation of source multipole moments in the near-zone in terms of the flux of multipole charges at null infinity.
Model with a gauged lepton flavor SU(2) symmetry
Authors: Chiang Cheng-Wei , Tsumura Koji 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We propose a model having a gauged SU(2) symmetry associated with the second and third generations of leptons, dubbed SU(2)
μτ
, of which

$$ \mathrm{U}{(1)}_{{\mathbb{L}}_{\mu }-{\mathbb{L}}_{\tau }} $$

U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

is an Abelian subgroup. In addition to the Standard Model fields, we introduce two types of scalar fields. One exotic scalar field is an SU(2)
μτ
doublet and SM singlet that develops a nonzero vacuum expectation value at presumably multi-TeV scale to completely break the SU(2)
μτ
symmetry, rendering three massive gauge bosons. At the same time, the other exotic scalar field, carrying electroweak as well as SU(2)
μτ
charges, is induced to have a nonzero vacuum expectation value as well and breaks mass degeneracy between the muon and tau. We examine how the new particles in the model contribute to the muon anomalous magnetic moment in the parameter space compliant with the Michel decays of tau.
Strong thermal SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis in the light of recent results from long-baseline neutrino experiments
Authors: Chianese Marco , Di Bari Pasquale 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

We confront recent experimental results on neutrino mixing parameters with the requirements from strong thermal SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis, where the asymmetry is produced from next-to-lightest right-handed neutrinos N
2 independently of the initial conditions. There is a nice agreement with latest global analyses supporting sin δ < 0 and normal ordering at ∼ 95% C.L. On the other hand, the more stringent experimental lower bound on the atmospheric mixing angle starts to corner strong thermal SO(10)-inspired leptogenesis. Prompted and encouraged by this rapid experimental advance, we obtain a precise determination of the allowed region in the plane δ versus θ
23. We confirm that for the benchmark case α
2 ≡ m

D2
/m
charm = 5 , where m

D2 is the intermediate neutrino Dirac mass setting the N
2 mass, and initial pre-existing asymmetry N

B −
L

p,i
= 10− 3, the bulk of solutions lies in the first octant. Though most of the solutions are found outside the 95% C.L. experimental region, there is still a big allowed fraction that does not require a too fine-tuned choice of the Majorana phases so that the neutrinoless double beta decay effective neutrino mass allowed range is still m

ee
≃ [10, 30] meV. We also show how the constraints depend on N

B −
L

p,i
and α
2. In particular, we show that the current best fit, (θ
23
, δ) ≃ (47°, −130°), can be reproduced for N

B −
L

p,i
= 10− 3 and α
2 = 6. Such large values for α
2 have been recently obtained in a few realistic fits within SO(10)-inspired models. Finally, we also obtain that current neutrino data rule out N

B −
L

p,i
≳ 0.1 for α
2 ≲ 4.7.
Lie-algebraic classification of effective theories with enhanced soft limits
Authors: Bogers Mark P. , Brauner Tomáš 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA great deal of effort has recently been invested in developing methods of calculating scattering amplitudes that bypass the traditional construction based on Lagrangians and Feynman rules. Motivated by this progress, we investigate the long-wavelength behavior of scattering amplitudes of massless scalar particles: Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons. The low-energy dynamics of NG bosons is governed by the underlying spontaneously broken symmetry, which likewise allows one to bypass the Lagrangian and connect the scaling of the scattering amplitudes directly to the Lie algebra of the symmetry generators. We focus on theories withenhancedsoft limits, where the scattering amplitudes scale with a higher power of momentum than expected based on the mere existence of Adler’s zero. Our approach is complementary to that developed recently in ref. [1], and in the first step we reproduce their result. That is, as far as Lorentz-invariant theories with a single physical NG boson are concerned, we find no other nontrivial theories featuring enhanced soft limits beyond the already well-known ones: the Galileon and the Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) scalar. Next, we show that in a certain sense, these theories do not admit a nontrivial generalization to non-Abelian internal symmetries. Namely, for compact internal symmetry groups, all NG bosons featuring enhanced soft limits necessarily belong to the center of the group. For noncompact symmetry groups such as the ISO(n) group featured by some multi-Galileon theories, these NG bosons then necessarily belong to an Abelian normal subgroup. The Lie-algebraic consistency constraints admit two infinite classes of solutions, generalizing the known multi-Galileon and multi-flavor DBI theories.
Midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive status in relation to prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in later life: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Knopman David S. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Sharrett A. Richey , Tapia Amanda L. , DavisThomas Sonia , Windham B. Gwen , Coker Laura , Schneider Andrea L.C. , Alonso Alvaro , Coresh Josef , Albert Marilyn S. , Mosley Thomas H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe interplay between midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive function with later life mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (DEM) is not well understood.MethodsIn the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, cardiovascular risk factors and cognition were assessed in midlife, ages 45–64 years. In 2011–2013, 20–25 years later, all consenting Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants underwent a cognitive and neurological evaluation and were given adjudicated diagnoses of cognitively normal, MCI, or DEM.ResultsIn 5995 participants with complete covariate data, midlife diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia were associated with late‐life MCI and DEM. Low midlife cognition function was also associated with greater likelihood of late‐life MCI or DEM. Both midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognitive function remained associated with later life MCI or DEM when both were in the model.DiscussionLater life MCI and DEM were independently associated with midlife vascular risk factors and midlife cognition.
Cycling and Budgets of Organic and Black Carbon in Coastal Bohai Sea, China: Impacts of Natural and Anthropogenic Perturbations
Authors: Fang Yin , Chen Yingjun , Tian Chongguo , Wang Xiaoping , Lin Tian , Hu Limin , Li Jun , Zhang Gan , Luo Yongming 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOrganic carbon (OC) cycling in coastal seas that connect terrestrial and open oceanic ecosystems is a dynamic and disproportionately important component of oceanic and global carbon cycles. However, OC cycling in coastal seas needs to be better constrained, particularly for geochemically important black carbon (BC). In this study, we conducted multimedium sampling campaigns, including atmospheric deposition, river water, seawater, and sediments in coastal Bohai Sea (BS) in China. We simultaneously quantified particulate OC (POC), particulate BC (PBC), dissolved OC (DOC), and dissolved BC (DBC) and investigated the cycling and budgets of OC and BC. The cycling and budgets of each individual particulate phase (i.e., POC versus PBC) and dissolved phase (i.e., DOC versus DBC) displayed similar patterns, but there were some distinct differences between the particulate and dissolved phases. In the particulate phases, atmospheric and riverine delivery dominated exogenous inputs (>80%), sequestration to sediments dominated removal (~70%), and exchanges in the Bohai Strait resulted in net export. In the dissolved phases, exchanges in the Bohai Strait dominated both import and export and were in a relatively dynamic equilibrium. We found that both natural perturbations, such as spring dust storms, and anthropogenic activity, exerted significant impacts on BS carbon cycling. The integration of regional and global source‐to‐sink process databases made it clear that future BC studies should calculate PBC and DBC fluxes independently. Continuous field observational studies, more details of the biogeochemical processes involved, and consistent BC quantification methods are urgently needed to elucidate coastal OC and BC cycling.
Fluid Flux in Fractured Rock of the Alpine Fault Hanging‐Wall Determined from Temperature Logs in the DFDP‐2B Borehole, New Zealand
Authors: Janku‐Capova Lucie , Sutherland Rupert , Townend John , Doan Mai‐Linh , Massiot Cécile , Coussens Jamie , Célérier Bernard 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSixteen temperature logs were acquired during breaks in drilling of the 893m‐deep DFDP‐2B borehole, which is in the Alpine Fault hanging‐wall. The logs record various states of temperature recovery after thermal disturbances induced by mud circulation. The long‐wavelength temperature signal in each log was estimated using a sixth‐order polynomial, and residual (reduced) temperature logs were analyzed by fitting discrete template wavelets defined by depth, amplitude, and width parameters. Almost two hundred wavelets are correlated between multiple logs. Anomalies generally have amplitudes <1°C, and downhole widths <20m. The largest amplitudes are found in the first day after mud circulation stops, but many anomalies persist with similar amplitude for up to 15 days. Our models show that thermal and hydraulic diffusive processes are dominant during the first few days of re‐equilibration after mud circulation stops, and fluid advection of heat in the surrounding rock produces temperature anomalies that may persist for several weeks. Models indicate that the fluid flux normal to the borehole within fractured zones is of order 10−7 to 10−6 m s−1, which is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the regional flux. Our approach could be applied more widely to boreholes, as it uses the thermal re‐equilibration phase to derive useful information about the surrounding rock mass and its fluid flow regime.
Long‐Lived Source Heterogeneities in the Galapagos Mantle Plume
Authors: Gazel Esteban , Trela Jarek , Bizimis Michael , Sobolev Alexander , Batanova Valentina , Class Cornelia , Jicha Brian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMantle plume‐derived melts provide a unique glimpse into the chemical heterogeneity of the deep mantle. However, the exact processes involved in forming and sampling lower mantle heterogeneities remain unresolved and thus, require further investigation to understand the cumulative effects of planetary differentiation, crustal recycling, and mantle mixing that lead to their formation. The Galapagos Plume is exceptional in that its lavas sample four distinct isotopic mantle components. However, the origin of each of these end‐members remains debated. In this study, we investigate the spatial and temporal appearance and evolution of these four isotopic end‐members that comprise the present‐day Archipelago by examining ancient Galapagos lava flows preserved in the accreted terranes in Costa Rica and Panama. We discovered that the spatial relationship between each of the classically defined Galapagos Domains has remained relatively constant throughout the evolution of the plume. Our new results extend the time scale of distinct isotopic heterogeneity in the source of the plume to at least 70 Ma for the Southern Domain and 90 Ma for the Central, and Northern Domains, suggesting that geochemically heterogeneous plumes rising through the mantle preserve distinct isotopic heterogeneity on the time scale of tens of millions of years. Additionally, trace element systematics of olivine crystals from the Galapagos‐related Quepos and Azuero terranes (50–70 ma) suggest derivation from sources that included recycled components. Collectively, these results suggest that mantle plumes not only sample large‐scale heterogeneities within the deep mantle, but that these source heterogeneities can remain sampled throughout the lifetime of a plume.
Inferring Geothermal Reservoir Processes at the Raft River Geothermal Field, Idaho, USA, Through Modeling InSAR‐Measured Surface Deformation
Authors: Liu Fang , Fu Pengcheng , Mellors Robert J. , Plummer Mitchell A. , Ali Syed Tabrez , Reinisch Elena C. , Liu Qi , Feigl Kurt L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGround surface deformations detected with interferometric synthetic aperture radar provide valuable information for inferring subsurface reservoir processes that are difficult to observe directly. This study aims at building a reservoir model that honors the available geological, hydrological, and geomechanical data and also produces ground surface deformation consistent with interferometric synthetic aperture radar measurements at the Raft River Geothermal Field. In the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupled model developed, the reservoir deforms as a result of the rock's poroelastic response to changes in hydrologic pressure and thermal expansion/contraction. The results indicate that the observed deformation is the result of pressure decrease in the deep production reservoir and pressure increase in a shallower reservoir that accommodates the injected fluid (likely in the Salt Lake Formation). The combination of the uplift around injection wells with subsidence around the production wells, affected by the Bridge Fault as a flow barrier, creates a complex pattern of surface deformation in which the center of subtle subsidence significantly deviates from the location of the production wells. A parametric study suggests that (a) the Bridge Fault Zone is likely a flow barrier, (b) the surface deformation appears to be insensitive to the presence of the Narrows Structure, and (c) additional flow barriers likely exist to shape the flow system. This case study demonstrates the utility of a high‐fidelity forward model that honors available known information and thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupled processes in understanding geothermal reservoir characteristics.
Effects of River Capture and Sediment Flux on the Evolution of Plateaus: Insights From Numerical Modeling and River Profile Analysis in the Upper Blue Nile Catchment
Authors: Giachetta E. , Willett S. D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Ethiopian Highlands, with up to 1,500‐m‐deep canyons surrounded by low relief plateau surfaces, are one of the most spectacular examples of transient fluvial landscapes on Earth. We analyze river profiles extracted from a 90 m digital elevation model of the upper Blue Nile catchment and identify 116 major knickpoints on 137 river profiles. We use 1‐D river profile models to simulate three potential mechanisms for knickpoint formation: plateau uplift, capture of large lakes or internal drainage on the plateau surface, and sediment‐flux‐dependent river incision with a low sediment flux from the plateau surface. We define a normalized upstream knickpoint propagation distance, χkpj, and demonstrate that the erosion models predict different distributions of this metric in transient profiles following plateau uplift. Model knickpoints resulting from the scenario of plateau uplift or common base‐level fall using the stream‐power model display similar upstream propagation distance in χ space. The results of the same scenario modeled with the sediment‐flux‐dependent incision model show upstream knickpoint propagation distance proportional to catchment area. Perturbations to these trends result from drainage capture. Comparing the model results with observed χkpj values of knickpoints and field observations, we recognize effects characteristic of the sediment‐flux‐dependent incision model. However, most profiles are best explained by the systematic transfer of drainage area from the plateau to the surrounding rivers. We propose a new model of landscape evolution for the upper Blue Nile catchment dominated by discrete events of capture of drainage area from the plateau.
Using Time‐Lapse Lidar to Quantify River Bend Evolution on the Meandering Coastal Trinity River, Texas, USA
Authors: Mason Jasmine , Mohrig David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTime‐lapse airborne lidar on the coastal Trinity River in Texas, USA, shows profound downstream variability in point bar growth and cut bank erosion resulting from a historically large flood that occurred in 2015. The difference map generated from two surveys covers 55 river bends and captures the transition from quasi‐uniform flow into backwater flow. In the upstream portion of the survey, reach‐averaged deposition is greater than erosion, with high local variability between the two due to the occurrence of bend cutoffs. Point bars shift laterally up to 3 times as much as cut bank retreat in this area. In the backwater zone, cut bank erosion consistently outpaces deposition on point bars and cut bank retreat exceeds the lateral shift of the point bar. Edge‐to‐edge channel width, measured from active scroll bar to outer bank, increases for all bends. This widening is often partially due to point bar widening and movement of the scroll bar away from the channel. The combination of net erosion and limited lateral movement of point bars within the backwater zone implies that during large sustained floods, bank pull instigates channel migration in this area. Farther upstream, net deposition and the high ratio of point bar to cut bank lateral motion imply bar push is more important. Patterns of deposition and erosion within a single bend suggest that channel migration was dominated by downstream bend translation with little bend deformation. Results from this study help to deepen the understanding of coastal river system morphodynamics by connecting changes in the geomorphology to changes in river bend kinematics, hydraulics, and sediment transport.
The Relative Importance of Saturated Silica Sand Interfacial and Pore Fluid Geochemistry on the Spectral Induced Polarization Response
Authors: Peruzzo Luca , Schmutz Myriam , Franceschi Michel , Wu Yuxin , Hubbard Susan S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAdsorption at the solid‐pore fluid interface is a key mechanism controlling the mobility of nutrients and contaminants in subsurface soils and sediments. The spectral induced polarization (SIP) method has been shown to be sensitive to the quantity and type of adsorbed ions. Extending previous results, we investigated the relevance of pH, solution conductivity, and ion type on the SIP response of saturated silica sand. We also performed adsorption experiments to evaluate whether adsorption plays a relevant role on the effect of saturating solution conductivity and pH. Given their environmental relevance and different electrochemical characteristics, we focused on exploring the influence of Cu2+ and Na+ adsorption on the SIP signature. The adsorption results confirm the expected and modeled pH influence on the adsorption of both Cu2+ and Na+. The measured quadrature conductivity spectra indicate that pH and solution conductivity control the electrical double layer electrochemical state and its capacitive behavior. On the contrary, no appreciable SIP signal changes are associated with ion substitution. The adsorption experiments highlight low values of site occupancy for Na and Cu, which suggests that the effects of pH and fluid conductivity are unrelated to their control on the ion adsorption. We interpret the solution conductivity as a proxy for ionic strength. The relative importance of pH and solution conductivity over ion type helps to further constrain the interpretation of SIP results in field geochemical and biogeochemical characterization and monitoring.