bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The In Vivo Seeding of Hemopoietic Colony-forming Cells in Irradiated Mice
Authors: Testa N. G. , Lord B. I. , Shore N. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The seeding of transplanted CFUc and CFUs in the spleen and femur of irradiated mice has been investigated in order to compare their kinetic behavior following transplantation. The conditions in which the seeding of transplanted CFUc into lethally irradiated recipient mice can be studied were determined. Irradiated femoral or splenic cells produce potentiation of colony growth when added in relatively low numbers and result in serious inhibition at higher concentrations. By using a preirradiated recipient in which the postirradiation cell loss has been completed, rather than one that has only just been irradiated, changes in plating efficiency during the course of the experiment are prevented in the spleen and are maintained constant in the femur. It is shown that significant numbers of CFUc and CFUs quickly appear in both the spleen and bone marrow after transplantation. A fall in CFUc numbers occurs after 2-3 hr both in femur and spleen, while CFUs numbers remain stable. The possible mechanisms involved are considered, and differentiation is suggested as the cause of the fall.
Evidence for the De Novo Synthesis of Erythropoietin in Hypoxic Rats
Authors: Schooley J. C. , Mahlmann L. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Significant increases in the serum erythropoietin of male rats occur after the end of a brief hypoxic exposure. These increases in the hormone are almost completely abolished when the kidneys are removed after the hypoxic exposure. Injection of puromycin or cycloheximide after the hypoxic exposure significantly decreases the subsequent increases in serum erythropoietin titers, whereas injections of actinomycin D at this time have no significant effect on erythropoietin levels. Injections of actinomycin D before the hypoxic exposure prevent the increase in serum erythropoietin that normally occurs. These findings suggest that a brief period of hypoxia initiates a DNA-dependent RNA synthesis that regulates the de novo ribosomal synthesis of protein(s) involved in the biogenesis of erythropoietin and that the kidney is essential for these reactions to occur.
Cellular Immunity to Platelets in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Wybran Joseph , Fudenberg H. Hugh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The possibility of cell-mediated immune mechanisms against platelets in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was suggested in a previous observation. Therefore, the uptake of labeled thymidine by the lymphocytes of 14 patients with ITP and of 16 controls was studied in vitro in the presence of autologous platelets. The control group (normal subjects and patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia) never demonstrated any sigficant uptake of thymidine in this autologous system. Positive stimulation, as judged by thymidine uptake, occurred in seven of eight patients with severe ITP, whereas only three of six patients with mild ITP showed significant stimulation. Two patients with severe ITP, studied 4 and 6 days after splenectomy, showed a conversion to negativity in the test. These results indicate that cellular immune mechanisms against autologous platelets are present in ITP and suggest that they may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is suggested that ITP may represent more than one disease.
Successful Management of a Subdural Hematoma in a Hemophiliac With an Anti-Factor VIII Antibody
Authors: Edson J. Roger , McArthur James R. , Branda Richard F. , McCullough J. Jeffrey , Chou Shelley N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 20-yr-old hemophiliac with an anti-Factor VIII antibody level of 8 units/ml of plasma was hospitalized with a subdural hematoma and progressive neurologic deterioration. He underwent craniotomy and evacuation of the hematoma, and was discharged with minimal neurologic deficit. His successful management required two exchange transfusions utilizing an Aminco continuous flow Celltrifuge, immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids, ε-aminocaproic acid (EACA), and large doses of AHG concentrates. Complications included hemolysis and platelet dysfunction due to hyperfibrinogenemia, leukopenia, and Gram negative sepsis. The cost of the patient’s 6½ wk hospitalization was $58,751, of which $38,039 was for AHG concentrates.
Cell Kinetics in Human Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Computer Simulation With Discrete Modeling Techniques
Authors: Mauer Alvin M. , Evert Carl F. , Lampkin Beatrice C. , McWilliams Nancy B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A model for cell kinetics of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been constructed with discrete modeling techniques for computer use with the GPSS/360 computer language. The model has produced results corresponding to observed biological data. It has been possible to explore mechanisms for control of the growth of the leukemic cell population. In addition to the flow of cells from the resting to the proliferative phase, two other important parts of the cell life cycle, cell death and the intracellular events after mitosis, were identified as potentially important regulatory mechanisms. Chemotherapeutic drug effects could be simulated, and in the case of vincristine an unsuspected effect was suggested. This effect of vincristine on transformation of the resting cell to an active proliferative phase has been supported by studies of vincristine effect on blast transformation of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. A single cell was found to take 3½ yr to grow to a population of 1012 cells, a clinically recognizable number. Although this observation cannot be confirmed from biological studies, this time has an interesting correspondence to the peak incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood. It indicates that a mutational event in a single cell could account for the leukemic process in childhood acute leukemia.
Humoral Stimulators of Granulocyte Production
Authors: Rothstein G. , Hügl E. H. , Chervenick P. A. , Athens J. W. , Macfarlane J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
These studies were designed to determine whether colony stimulating factor (CSF) and diffusible granulocytopoietic stimulator (DGS) represented a single substance which stimulates the production of granulocytes in vitro and in vivo. The effect of endogenous CSF upon DGS activity was studied after injection of 40 µg endotoxin. This resuited in both DGS activity and high serum CSF levels, but the time of appearance and duration of the two activities followed different patterns. In particular, CSF peaked and was declining 24 hr following endotoxin at which time DGS was not yet detectable. Then, as serum CSF fell, the DGS activity rose. These data support the concept that the DGS activity detectable with short term Millipore chamber cultures is not due to CSF and suggests the effects of CSF in vitro and DGS in vivo are due to different factors.
Prognosis of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia: Chromosomal Correlation
Authors: Sakurai Masaharu , Sandberg Avery A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A correlation was made between chromosomal findings in the marrow of AML patients obtained during the course of the disease, some of the clinical and cytologic features, and the survival span of these patients. The median survival time for each patient was obtained by the use of log-probability paper. Of the 69 patients with AML studied, 29 showed abnormal metaphases in the marrow at least once during the course of the disease (A-patients) and 40 did not (N-patients). In the former group, ten cases were never shown to have a normal metaphase (AA-patients), even upon repeated examinations, whereas the remaining 19 cases had at least one normal metaphase during the course of the AML (AN-patients). The median life-span for the A-patients was 8.0 mo and 11.5 mo for the N-patients. Among the former group, the AN-patients had a median life span of 10.3 mo and the AA-patients only 3.2 mo. A dissociation between the proportion of cells with chromosomal abnormalities and the cellular differential in the marrow suggested the appearance of the karyotypic changes in the later stages of the disease in some patients and the presence of such changes in both erythroid and myeloid cells in erythroleukemia. The results indicate the importance of the presence in the marrow of even one normal metaphase in the prognosis of AML and a possible correlation of AA-patients with acute erythroleukemia.
The Monocytopenia of Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Twomey J. J. , Douglass C. C. , Sharkey O. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eight out of 22 patients with aplastic anemia died from infections. All five patients with fewer than 100 granulocytes and 20 monocytes per cu mm of blood succumbed to overwhelming sepsis. The relationship that existed between absolute granulocyte and monocyte counts made it impossible to determine whether neutropenia or monocytopenia carried the greater risk. Monocytopenia correlated with reduced numbers of phagocytic cells in WBC cultures. This lack of phagocytes was associated with impairment of macrophage-dependent reactions, e.g., the mixed WBC reaction. The data suggest that aplastic anemia reduces the delivery of macrophage precursors into the circulation; this could ultimately deplete tissues of macrophages. Thus, monocytopenia, as well as neutropenia, may contribute to the risk from infection in patients with bone marrow failure.
Relationship of Glucose Oxidation to Aggregation of Human Platelets
Authors: Chaudhry Asif A. , Sagone Arthur L. , Metz Earl N. , Balcerzak Stanley P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The effect of aggregating agents on the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) and the relationship of 14CO2 production to platelet aggregation were studied in normal volunteers. Platelets collected in ACD were suspended in modified Ringer’s bicarbonate buffer without washing and were studied before and after the addition of collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, or thrombin. HMPS and Kreks cycle activities were estimated by the yields of 14CO2 from glucose-1-14C (C1) and glucose-6-14C (C6). 14CO2 production from each substrate was measured continuously during experiments using paired, vibrating reed electrometers and incubation flasks. Both flasks contained aliquots of the same platelet suspension. Baseline 14CO2 production averaged 22 ± 4.5 mµmoles/hr/109 platelets from C6 as compared to 33 ± 6 mµmoles/hr/ 109 platelets from C1. Each aggregating agent gave a prompt and striking increase in 14CO2 production from C1. In contrast, the increase in 14CO2 production from C6 was not detectable for 10 min and then production increased slowly. Inhibition of 14CO2 nate (25 mM) did not interfere with platelet aggregation. Stimulation of 14CO2 production from C1 by aggregating agents was unaffected by malonate. These data indicate that platelet aggregation coincides with stimulation of the HMPS, but the increase in Krebs cycle activity occurs later and is not essential for platelet aggregation.
Iron Fortification of Food: Its Measurement by the Extrinsic Tag Method
Authors: Layrisse M. , Martãnez-Torres C. , Cook J. D. , Walker R. , Finch C. A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The assimilation of fortification iron has been studied in 228 subjects by the extrinsic tag method. The first study was made comparing the absorption from ferric and ferrous iron salts given with a complete meal. Labeled wheat enriched with 2 mg of iron as ferric chloride was given with a complete meal, and the same study was repeated in the same subjects with wheat enriched with ferrous sulfate. The same protocol was followed in the second study, but the meal contained no meat. Ferric chloride was absorbed, as well as ferrous sulfate in both studies. Multiple absorptions were performed from test meals containing foods of either animal or vegetal origin tagged biosynthetically with 55Fe (intrinsic tag) to which was mixed iron as 59FeCl3 (extrinsic tag) in doses from 0.5 to 60 mg of iron. With test meals of labeled maize given along or with unlabeled meat, the ratio of extrinsic to intrinsic tag absorption was close to unity along a wide range of absorption percentage and was independent of the dose of iron fortification administered. It is concluded that fortification iron added as a soluble iron salt mixed with the nonheme iron pool of the diet and its absorption reflects the absorption of the nonheme iron. Similar studies in which increasing doses of 59FeCl3 were added to a test meal of tagged animal meat showed a progressive fall in the ratio of extrinsic to intrinsic tag absorption, indicating that assimilation of dietary iron occurs from two independent pools—heme and nonheme iron. Absolute absorption of fortificaiton iron added to maize increased from 0.07 to 0.34 mg iron with an increase in the dose of nonheme iron from 2.5 to 62 mg. Over a similar dose range of fortification iron added to animal muscle, absorption increased from 0.17 to 3.3 mg iron. These studies indicate that food iron fortification is likely to be effective only in individuals who take animal protein as part of their diet.
Rabbit Heart Valve Basement Membrane: Low Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Suresh Arcot D. , Stemerman Michael B. , Spaet Theodore H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Electron microscopic studies were performed on rabbit heart valves, and all four valves were found to be lined with a continuous basement membrane (BM). The valvular BM was liable to digestion by either trypsin or collagenase, but brief exposure to trypsin was suitable for desquamating endothelial cells, while leaving BM exposed and intact. Such preparations were used to determine their platelet reactivity with heparinized and citrated whole blood or with platelet-rich plasma. Although various conditions of exposure were used, including shaking and centrifugation, little or no platelet adhesion to the BM was observed. With similar conditions of exposure, preparations of collagen showed massive platelet adhesion accompanied by aggregation. This vascular BM was similarly nonreactive to platelets when endothelial cell removal was accomplished by mechanical methods. Rabbit valvular BM appears to be a poorly thrombogenic surface.
Kinetics of Lymphocytes in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. I. Equilibrium Between Blood and a "Readily Accessible Pool"
Authors: Manaster J. , FrÜhling J. , Stryckmans P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Seven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were investigated by isotopic and electron microscopic techniques to study dynamic and morphologic aspects of the kinetics of their lymphocytes. Autotransfusion studies of labeled leukemic lymphocytes showed rapid equilibration of blood lymphocytes between the vascular space and a "readily accessible pool." With increasing absolute blood lymphocytosis (900/cu mm-670,000/ cu mm), the relative importance of the readily accessible pool to the vascular space gradually decreases from eleven to one. Electron microscopic studies of the postcapillary venules in lymph nodes suggest a passage of lymphocytes from the vessel lumen, through the endothelial cells and into extravascular sites. About 20% of lymphocytes counted within the perivascular sheet were found in the wall, irrespective of the blood lymphocytosis and akin to the situation found in hematologically normal persons. These studies indicate that the readily accessible pool is complex and consists of at least two spaces, one of which is the classical recirculation space. The vascular pool of leukemic lymphocytes, as do the blood lymphocytes in hematologically normal persons, participates in this recirculation. There is a second space that has yet to be defined anatomically.
Intravascular Hemolysis Associated With Intravenous Urea Infusions in Normal Individuals
Authors: Bensinger Thomas A. , Glader Bertil E. , Conrad Marcel E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The infusion of normal volunteers with 6 M urea in 10% invert sugar solution caused intravascular hemolysis similar to that reported in patients with sickle cell anemia. In vitro studies demonstrated that hypertonic solutions of urea and invert sugar caused little hemolysis, but these solutions preconditioned erythrocytes for lysis when the cells were resuspended in isotonic solutions. The primary mechanism for hemolysis appeared related to osomotic lysis of cells, but direct membrane injury could not be excluded as a contributing factor.
Biochemical Abnormality of DNA Synthesis of Erythroblasts in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ernst Peter , Baccarani Michele , Killmann Sven-Aage 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Six patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia (AML and CML) showed a low incorporation of labeled DNA precursors into basophilic erythroblasts. Based on mitotic indices and the use of vincristine as a stathmokinetic tool, it was evident that brisk proliferation in this cell compartment took place. Microspectrophotometric determination of single-cell DNA content showed that a considerable fraction of the erythroid cells were in DNA synthesis without incorporating an exogeneously supplied DNA precursor. Following inhibition of the de novo synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates, the cells showed capacity for precursor incorporation. It is suggested that a biochemical abnormality, which leads to a high intranuclear nucleoside triphosphate pool, may inhibit nucleoside kinases and hence the utilization of labeled nucleosides, as well as diluting the labeled precursors. The defect should probably be considered to be a biochemical expression of "leukemicness" of the erythroid cells. The frequency of the phenomenon described here cannot be determined from the present study. The patients are part of a series of 44 patients who were studied with the purpose to investigate the effect of cytostatic treatment on the cell cycle of the leukemic cells. Many of the patients had so little erythropoiesis left that studies as those described here could not be carried out. Therefore, the reported frequency of 6/44 of the observed phenomenon is almost certainly an underestimate. Consequently, cytokinetic studies of erythropoiesis in CML and AML, using tracer techniques alone, must be evaluated with caution.
Increase in Circulating Stem Cells in Patients With Myelofibrosis
Authors: Chervenick Paul A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the article "Increase in Circulating Stem Cells in Patients With Myeloflbrosis" By Paul A. Chervenick (Blood, Vol. 41, No. 1, January 1973, pages 67-71) in Table 3 on page 70, the word "myeloblasts" should head column 3 and the word "myelocytes" should be included in column 4.
Granulopoiesis in Neutropenic Disorders
Authors: Greenberg Peter L. , Schrier Stanley L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Evaluation of proliferative activity of granulocytic progenitor cells from marrows of neutropenic patients was performed by utilizing in vitro culture methods measuring granulocytic colony-forming capacity (CFC) and the proportion of granulocytic progenitor cells in the DNA synthetic (S) phase of the cell cycle. Except for low CFC values found in five patients with myeloid hypoplasia, the remaining 20 patients had values comparable to or above those of 22 control subjects. In five control subjects 31%-39% of the progenitors were in S phase. The proportion of such cells from marrow of a patient with cyclic neutropenia markedly increased as his peripheral neutrophils decreased from peak to lowest levels. In patients with splenomegaly or megaloblastic anemia, where rapid granulocyte turnover was expected, the proportion of progenitors in S phase was increased. In contrast, in patients with idiopathic neutropenia and Felty’s syndrome this proportion was normal or decreased, suggesting that suboptimal granulopoietic compensation contributed to the neutropenia present in these disorders.
Isoantibody Specificity in Post-transfusion Purpura
Authors: Gockerman Jon P. , Shulman N. Raphael 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Antiplatelet antibody in the serum of a fatal case of post-transfusion purpura showed specificity for the PlA1 platelet isoantigen in that the antibody was adsorbed by all PlA1-positive platelets tested but not by PlA1-negative platelets. However, some PlA1-positive platelets that fixed complement with the reference anti-PlA1 did not fix complement with this patient’s antibody. When used with these platelets, the patient’s antibody competitively blocked the complement-fixing activity of reference anti-PlA1. There was no evidence for lack of antigenic sites on the noncomplement-fixing platelets or for antibodies with more than one specificity in the patient’s serum. These studies, therefore, indicated that the complement-fixing activity of different examples of anti-PlA1 is variable, and that this variation is probably due to distribution of PlA1 antigenic sites on cell surfaces rather than to differences in antigenic structure that affect antibody affinity.
The Biconcavity of the Red Cell: An Analysis of Several Hypotheses
Authors: Bull Brian S. , Brailsford J. Douglas 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
New evidence is presented to show that the dimple and the annulus of the red cell are not restricted to specific locations on the membrane. This eliminates all but one of the current theories of biconcavity and supports the view that the membrane has unusual mechanical properties such that, although it cannot support surface shear, it can resist both bending and increase in total surface area. The feasibility of such a material is demonstrated by means of a macromodel. The model represents a class of structure that until recently has received little attention but that strongly suggests long-range protein interaction in the membrane surface.
Storage Cells of Spleen and Bone Marrow in Thalassemia: An Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Beltrami C. A. , Bearzi I. , Fabris G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the spleens and bone marrows of patients with thalassemia, we have consistently observed PAS-positive histiocytes that contain numerous cytoplasmic bodies surrounded by a single membrane and filled with bundles of fine fibrils (typical thalassemia storage cells). In addition to the characteristic cytoplasmic bodies, some histiocytes contained leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, and plasma cells in different stages of digestion (transitional cells). These findings suggest that the storage cells in thalassemia are macrophages that are unable to metabolize completely the products of phagocytized blood cells. In the spleen the histiocytes were closely associated with plasma cells. When stained by the Giemsa method, the storage cells appeared as ‘sea-blue histiocytes." The histologic, histochemical, and ultrastructural features distinguish the storage cells of thalassemia from Gaucher’s cells and from storage cells of other disorders in which there is excessive destruction of formed elements of the blood, i.e., chronic myelogenous leukemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.