bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dietary nutmeg oil on heat‐stress tolerance‐related parameters in Korean native chicken reared under hot temperature
Authors: Hartanto Slamet , Ko Han Seo , Jee Seung Hwan , Kang Ji Ung , Seo Jee Soo , Kang Yu Hyun , Kim Hee Na , Ohh Sang Jip 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of dietary nutmeg oil (NO) on growth performance, blood parameters, lipid peroxidation and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in Korean native chicken (KNC) reared under hot temperature. We allocated 273 meat‐type KNCs (Hanhyup‐3, 4‐week‐old, body weight [BW] = 539.93 ± 1.75 g) to the following three treatments with seven replicate pens (13 birds/pen) per treatment. Three treatment diets were as follows: (a) Control, basal diet without NO supplementation; (b) NO 250; and (c) NO 500, basal diet supplemented with 250 and 500 ppm NO respectively. Diets and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 6‐week feeding trial. During overall period (0–6 weeks), no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) among treatments. However, the FI at 0–3 weeks decreased (p < 0.05) quadratically with increasing NO levels. Most blood parameters did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments, although the monocyte level of the NO 500 group was considerably lower (p > 0.05) than that of the other groups. Furthermore, dietary NO did not affect serum triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p > 0.05); however, it linearly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased (p < 0.05) and heart MDA concentration was lower (p = 0.08) with increasing dietary NO supplementation. After a 3‐hr heat (35°C) challenge, the rectal temperature (RT) reduced (p < 0.05) linearly with increasing NO levels. Dietary NO did not affect liver HSP70 (p > 0.05) gene expression. In conclusion, NO potentially enhanced the ability of chickens to alleviate heat stress. Furthermore, our findings suggest that lipid oxidation inhibition by dietary NO likely mediated the enhanced heat‐stress tolerance of the chickens.
Snakes as a model for measuring skull preparation errors in geometric morphometrics
Authors: Souto N. M. , Murta‐Fonseca R. A. , Machado A. S. , Lopes R. T. , Fernandes D. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractResearchers often use skulls prepared by different techniques in geometric morphometrics (GM). The main goal of this paper was to compare and measure errors in GM analyses using snake skulls prepared with two of these techniques (microCT Scan and chemical maceration). We evaluate if analyses employing skulls with both types of preparation may generate biased results or if this parameter is negligible. Thirty‐four heads of Liophis miliaris merremi were first scanned and subsequently prepared following the techniques of chemical maceration. We used 37 and 18 landmarks for dorsal and ventral views of skulls respectively. To evaluate shape differences between the same skull assessed by microCT Scan and chemical maceration, we performed discriminant analyses, Hotelling's T2 and cross‐validation tests. Discriminant analyses showed significant differences between preparation techniques for both views. However, all the differences between dried and microCT scanned skulls were smaller than those between individuals of the same taxon, which means that such differences are within the range of intraspecific variation. The results support the use of specimens prepared according to both techniques in studies of GM.
Slow looking: “reading picturebooks takes time”
Authors: Pantaleo Sylvia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOne of the main purposes of the classroom‐based research featured in this article was to develop 9‐year‐old students' visual meaning‐making skills and competences by focusing specifically on elements of visual art and design in picturebooks. The complexity of the picturebook format requires and rewards slow looking by readers/viewers. However, students need to receive instruction about and have opportunities for engaging in slow looking in order to develop the disposition to do so. The discussion of slow looking is situated in four frameworks that focus on the centrality of careful observation of images. Descriptions of some of the pedagogy delivered during the study that featured students engaging in slow looking and visual analysis are followed by examples of students' written work that reveals their close observation of and analytical thinking about elements of visual art and design in picturebook artwork.
External validation of the modified PAGE‐B score in Asian chronic hepatitis B patients receiving antiviral therapy
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Kim Seung Up , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Kim Beom Kyung 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsThe modified PAGE‐B (mPAGE‐B) score comprising age, gender, platelet count and albumin was recently proposed to predict hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk among chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients undergoing antivirals. Here, in the independent cohort, we externally validated the predictive performance of the mPAGE‐B score and compared it with those of conventional HCC prediction models.MethodsWe consecutively recruited CHB patients treated with lamivudine, entecavir or tenofovir as the first‐line antiviral regimen. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis or HCC at baseline were excluded. Predictive performances of the mPAGE‐B score and other models were assessed with comparison.ResultsAmong 1330 patients, 9.6% developed HCC during follow‐up. The mPAGE‐B score provided the highest Harrell's c‐index (0.769), followed by the GAG‐HCC (0.751), PAGE (0.744), REACH‐B (0.686) and CU‐HCC (0.618) scores. The mPAGE‐B score showed the similar performance to the PAGE‐B and GAG‐HCC scores and the better performance than the REACH‐B and CU‐HCC scores. Cumulative HCC probabilities at 5‐ and 7‐years were 0.0% and 0.0% in low‐risk group (mPAGE‐B score ≤ 8), 6.1% and 10.8% in intermediate‐risk group (mPAGE‐B score 9‐12) and 18.7% and 26.7% in high‐risk group (mPAGE‐B score ≥ 13) respectively (both P < 0.001 between adjacent two groups). C‐indices of the mPAGE‐B score were 0.785 and 0.724 among subgroups treated with entecavir or tenofovir (n = 1011) and with lamivudine (n = 319), respectively, which are overall similar to those of the PAGE‐B score.ConclusionThe mPAGE‐B score showed acceptable predictive performances. Compared to the PAGE‐B score, addition of albumin as a constituent provided the marginal benefit.
Species‐level predation network uncovers high prey specificity in a Neotropical army ant community
Authors: Hoenle Philipp O. , Blüthgen Nico , Brückner Adrian , Kronauer Daniel J.C. , Fiala Brigitte , Donoso David A. , Smith M. Alex , Ospina Jara Bryan , von Beeren Christoph 
Published: May 2019

AbstractArmy ants are among the top arthropod predators and considered keystone species in tropical ecosystems. During daily mass raids with many thousand workers, army ants hunt live prey, likely exerting strong top‐down control on prey species. Many tropical sites exhibit a high army ant species diversity (>20 species), suggesting that sympatric species partition the available prey niches. However, whether and to what extent this is achieved has not been intensively studied yet. We therefore conducted a large‐scale diet survey of a community of surface‐raiding army ants at La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. We systematically collected 3,262 prey items from eleven army ant species (genera Eciton, Nomamyrmex and Neivamyrmex). Prey items were classified as ant prey or non‐ant prey. The prey nearly exclusively consisted of other ants (98%), and most booty was ant brood (87%). Using morphological characters and DNA barcoding, we identified a total of 1,103 ant prey specimens to the species level. One hundred twenty‐nine ant species were detected among the army ant prey, representing about 30% of the known local ant diversity. Using weighted bipartite network analyses, we show that prey specialization in army ants is unexpectedly high and prey niche overlap very small. Besides food niche differentiation, we uncovered a spatiotemporal niche differentiation in army ant raid activity. We discuss competition‐driven multidimensional niche differentiation and predator–prey arms races as possible mechanisms underlying prey specialization in army ants. By combining systematic prey sampling with species‐level prey identification and network analyses, our integrative approach can guide future research by portraying how predator–prey interactions in complex communities can be reliably studied, even in cases where morphological prey identification is infeasible.
Arabidopsis ubiquitin‐specific proteases UBP12 and UBP13 shape ORE1 levels during leaf senescence induced by nitrogen deficiency
Authors: Park Su‐Hyun , Jeong Jin Seo , Seo Jun Sung , Park Bong Soo , Chua Nam‐Hai 
Published: May 2019

Summary

Nitrogen deficiency (−N) in plants triggers leaf senescence which is regulated by the transcription factor ORE1. Little is known about post‐translational regulation of ORE1 in this process. Here, we show that UBP12/UBP13 (ubiquitin‐specific protease 12/13) antagonize the action of NLA (nitrogen limitation adaptation) E3 ligase to maintain ORE1 homeostasis.

In vitro pull‐down and in vivo co‐immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated specific binding between UBP12/UBP13 and ORE1. We further analyzed in various genotypes total Chl content and expression levels of senescence‐related genes under −N conditions. We found that UBP12/UBP13 can deubiquitinate polyubiquitinated ORE1 in vitro and increase the stability of ORE1 in vivo in MG132/cycloheximide‐chase experiments.

Plants overexpressing UBP12/UBP13 display accelerated leaf senescence which is reversed by the ore1 mutation. By contrast, the senescence phenotype of plants overexpressing ORE1 is exacerbated by UBP12/UBP13 overexpression. The expression of senescence‐related genes tracks the senescence phenotype. ORE1 protein levels can be elevated by UBP12/UBP13 overexpression but decreased in ubp12‐2w/13‐3.

In conclusion, UBP12/UBP13 deubiquitinate ORE1 to stabilize this transcription factor and promote its activity as a positive regulator for leaf senescence under −N conditions. Our study shows that UBP12/UBP13 counteracts the effect of NLA E3 ligase to accelerate leaf senescence under nitrogen starvation.
Effect of lead design and pacing vector on electrical parameters of quadripolar coronary sinus leads: The RALLY‐X4 study
Authors: Burri Haran , Schrage Max Olaf , Morani Giovanni , Sakata Yasushi , Hermida Jean‐Sylvain , Solimene Francesco , Rauwolf Thomas , Kayser Torsten , Pakarinen Sami , Biffi Mauro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundVarious lead designs have been developed to accommodate different coronary sinus anatomies. Our objectives were to compare electrical parameters of straight and spiral left ventricular leads, to evaluate capture thresholds and impedances using different pacing vectors, and to study evolution of thresholds over time.MethodsThe RALLY‐X4 study enrolled patients implanted with a lead from the Acuity X4 family (straight, spiral short, or spiral long). Electrical parameters (including capture thresholds from all 17 vectors) were measured at baseline and follow‐up.ResultsData from 795 patients who were successfully implanted were analyzed. Straight and spiral leads had similar proportions of patients with thresholds <2.5 V/0.4 ms using the distal electrode (61‐65% of patients) or from at least one of the proximal (E2‐E4) electrodes (81‐83% of patients). Unipolar vectors had significantly lower thresholds and impedances than bipolar vectors, with similar measurements compared to extended bipolar configurations. Capture thresholds increased with more proximal electrodes for all leads. Over a mean follow‐up of 1 year, a slight decrease in capture thresholds was observed.ConclusionStraight and spiral quadripolar leads allow to obtain clinically acceptable capture thresholds from at least one of the proximal electrodes in >80% of patients. Pacing vectors significantly affect electrical parameters, with higher thresholds in more proximal electrodes and lower thresholds with unipolar and extended bipolar configurations. Capture thresholds slightly decreased over a mean follow‐up of 1 year.
Clash of the climates: Examining the paradoxical effects of climates for promotion and prevention
Authors: Beus Jeremy M. , Lucianetti Lorenzo , Arthur Winfred 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOrganizations often communicate seemingly paradoxical strategic imperatives to their employees that reflect a focus on promotion (take risks) and prevention (be prudent), as outlined by regulatory focus theory. When consistently emphasized and reinforced in an organization, these strategic inclinations can emerge as divergent climates for promotion and prevention that cloud the organization's perceived identity and reduce collective organizational commitment among employees. With a coherent organizational identity acting as both a sensemaking tool and a means of potential self‐enhancement for employees, we use social identity theory to hypothesize that similarly emphasized promotion and prevention climates are negatively related to employees’ collective organizational commitment and indirectly, negatively related to organizational productivity. We test our hypotheses in a sample of 107 manufacturing organizations, using polynomial regression with response surface analysis to examine how similarly emphasized promotion and prevention climates relate to collective commitment and organizational productivity. Our analyses reveal that as organization‐level promotion and prevention climate scores became more similar, collective organizational commitment decreases. Furthermore, we find that similarly emphasized promotion and prevention climates are negatively related to organizational productivity via collective commitment. We reconcile these findings with the organizational paradox and ambidexterity literatures and implicate promising avenues for future research.
Immunohistochemical and qPCR determination of the expression and serum level of anti‐Müllerian hormone in pre‐pubertal, intact and ovarian remnant syndrome detected bitches
Authors: Karakas Alkan Kubra , Ceylan Ahmet , Alkan Hasan , Ozen Dogukan , Bayraktaroglu Alev Gurol , Kaymaz Mustafa 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the serum concentrations, ovarian presence and expression of anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) in pre‐pubertal, bitches with signs of ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) and intact bitches. In addition, we aimed to verify the suitability of serum AMH concentrations for diagnostic purposes in sterilized bitches and/or in suspected cases of ORS in the field of veterinary medicine. For this purpose, 36 healthy female dogs divided into six groups: proestrus, oestrus, dioestrus, anoestrus, pre‐pubertal and ORS. Serum AMH concentrations were determined by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and ovarian presence and distribution of AMH was confirmed by immunohistochemical and qPCR techniques. According to the results of qPCR, while the expression values of AMH were at the highest concentrations in the proestrus and oestrus, there was a statistically significant decrease in these values at the later stages of the cycle (p < 0.05). According to hormone analysis, the serum AMH values of the ORS group had decreased significantly compared with the proestrus and oestrus (p < 0.05). Although serum AMH levels of ORS group were increased compared with anestrus and pre‐pubertal groups, this increase was statistically non‐significant (p > 0.05). Immunohistochemically, AMH expression was first observed in the granulosa cells of primordial follicles in folliculogenesis. Expression values were the highest in the proestrous and oestrus groups, but values from bitches in later stages of the cycle were statistically significant decrease in comparison with these groups (p < 0.05). As a result, AMH concentration and expression were found to be higher in proestrus and oestrus than in other periods (p < 0.05). In addition, the measurable level of AMH concentration in bitches with ORS is an indication that it can be used in the diagnosis of ORS.
Perceived Ideological Distance and Trust in Congress
Authors: Kirkland Justin H. , Banda Kevin K. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesWe evaluate whether citizens’ trust in Congress is influenced by perceptions of ideological distance between themselves and their representatives. We argue that citizens view members as the “face” of Congress, and thus trust the institution more when the face of that institution is more ideologically proximal to themselves.MethodsWe test our hypotheses using responses to survey questions regarding both trust in Congress and perceptions of ideological distance between respondents and members of Congress in the 2008 and 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. We then pair these observational survey data with a survey experiment administered by Qualtrics in 2016.ResultsOrdinal logistic regressions from our survey data evince strong empirical support for our arguments, showing that as perceived ideological distance between a respondent and her member of Congress increases, trust in Congress as a whole declines. These observational analyses are corroborated by our survey experiment, which again shows that as perceptions of ideological distance increase, trust in legislatures declines.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a lack of faith in legislative institutions is often the result of a failure of representation. One way to restore Americans’ trust in Congress is for members to demonstrate more fidelity to the ideological leanings of their constituents.
Characterizing red blood cell age exposure in massive transfusion therapy: the scalar age of blood index (SBI)
Authors: DeSantis Stacia M. , Brown Derek W. , Jones Allison R. , Yamal Jose‐Miguel , Pittet Jean‐Francois , Patel Rakesh P. , Wade Charles E. , Holcomb John B. , Wang Henry ,   On Behalf of the PROPPR Study Group
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUNDThe mortality of trauma patients requiring massive transfusion to treat hemorrhagic shock approaches 17% at 24 hours and 26% at 30 days. The use of stored RBCs is limited to less than 42 days, so older RBCs are delivered first to rapidly bleeding trauma patients. Patients who receive a greater quantity of older RBCs may have a higher risk for mortality.METHODS AND MATERIALSCharacterizing blood age exposure requires accounting for the age of each RBC unit and the quantity of transfused units. To address this challenge, a novel Scalar Age of Blood Index (SBI) that represents the relative distribution of RBCs received is introduced and applied to a secondary analysis of the Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios (PROPPR) randomized controlled trial (NCT01545232, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01545232). The effect of the SBI is assessed on the primary PROPPR outcome, 24‐hour and 30‐day mortality.RESULTSThe distributions of blood storage ages successfully maps to a parameter (SBI) that fully defines the blood age curve for each patient. SBI was a significant predictor of 24‐hour and 30‐day mortality in an adjusted model that had strong predictive ability (odds ratio, 1.15 [1.01‐1.29], p = 0.029, C‐statistic, 0.81; odds ratio, 1.14 [1.02‐1.28], p = 0.019, C‐statistic, 0.88, respectively).CONCLUSIONSBI is a simple scalar metric of blood age that accounts for the relative distribution of RBCs among age categories. Transfusion of older RBCs is associated with 24‐hour and 30‐day mortality, after adjustment for total units and clinical covariates.
Pulmonary hypertension in patients with a subaortic right ventricle: prevalence, impact and management
Authors: Van De Bruaene Alexander , Toh Norihisa , Hickey Edward J , Benson Lee , Horlick Eric , Granton John T , Williams William G , Roche S Lucy 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThis study sought to determine the prevalence, predictors, prognostic relevance and evolution of pulmonary hypertension (PH) (mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mm Hg) in adult patients with a subaortic right ventricle (RV) in a biventricular circulation (2V-RV).MethodsWe analysed retrospective data from patients with 2V-RV undergoing cardiac catheterisation in our centre between 2000 and 2018. Echocardiographic assessment of subpulmonary ventricular pressures (left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP)), age and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were assessed as PH screening tools. Kaplan-Meier curves examined time to a composite outcome of death, transplant or ventricular assist device (VAD). Data from repeat catheterisations were analysed to evaluate PH changes over time, including the effects of therapy.ResultsA total of 141 patients (median age 39 (IQR 33–45) years, 68% men) underwent 191 cardiac catheterisations. At baseline, 55% had PH (isolated postcapillary 24%, combined precapillary and postcapillary 26% and precapillary 5%). BNP (area under the curve 0.80; 95% CI 0.72 to 0.88; p<0.0001), but not age at catheterisation or echocardiographic estimates of LVSP were associated with the presence of PH. The absence of PH and BNP <100 pg/mL discriminated a subgroup at very low risk during short-term (2.5 (1.3–3.9) years) follow-up (p<0.0001). Diuretics, milrinone and VAD improved haemodynamics over time.ConclusionPH is prevalent in patients with 2V-RV even when asymptomatic. It is difficult to identify by echocardiography and most importantly, is strongly associated with adverse outcomes. PH affects prognosis and transplant options for this patient group and yet is often amenable to treatment. Awareness of these results ought to lower the threshold for invasive haemodynamic assessment and may change the management of failing patients with 2V-RV.
Stroke-independent contribution of atrial fibrillation to dementia: a meta-analysis
Authors: Saglietto Andrea , Matta Mario , Gaita Fiorenzo , Jacobs Victoria , Bunch Thomas Jared , Anselmino Matteo 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of dementia. It is presently unknown to what extent AF contributes to dementia onset independently from prevalent and incident cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)/transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs).MethodsMEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched for prospective observational results, which produced risk estimates for dementia in AF patients, adjusted for prevalent and incident CVAs/TIAs.ResultsFive prospective observational studies were included, comprising 61 008 patients, having a median follow-up of 12.5 years. Meta-analysis of observational results indicates an increased risk of dementia in AF, adjusted for cerebrovascular clinical events (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.41, I2=0%). Funnel plot analysis did not reveal a statistically significant asymmetry. Meta-regression analysis did not indicate statistically significant associations between baseline study-level covariates and risk estimates.ConclusionAF confers a nearly 30% increased risk of dementia, independently from CVAs/TIAs. Screening for AF and subsequent optimised management to lower risk of cranial injury could help in preventing dementia, a condition characterised by high social and healthcare costs.