bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uveítis facolítica asociada a ruptura espontánea de la cápsula anterior en un paciente con síndrome de Alport
Authors: López-Torres Vanessa , Ramírez-Cheyne Julian Andrés , Lozano-Cruz Edgar , Salamanca-Libreros Omar Fernando 
Published: May 2019

El síndrome de Alport es un trastorno genético raro causado por mutaciones en los genes delcolágeno tipo IV, caracterizado por insuficiencia renal, hipoacusia neurosensorial y anomalíasoculares. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 24 años con un cuadro de un día de disminución súbita de la agudeza visual en el ojo izquierdo, posterior a ruptura espontánea de la cápsula anterior del cristalino, asociado a catarata, uveítis facolítica e hipertensión ocular. En la anamnesis se encontraron antecedentes personales de hipoacusia e insuficiencia renal y, dos familiares con el diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Alport. El heredograma sugirió una herencia dominante ligada al cromosoma X. Se inició el tratamiento tópico con prednisolona, atropina y brimonidina/timolol. Posteriormente, se realizó facoemulsificación y aspiración de restos de cristalino, con mejoría del cuadro clínico.
Resultados del Protocolo ACHOP 2006 en los niños con leucemia linfoblástica aguda en la Fundación HOMI Hospital de la Misericordia de Bogotá, en el periodo 2007 - 2012
Authors: Sarmiento-Urbina Isabel Cristina , Linares-Ballesteros Adriana , Contreras-Acosta Agustín , Cabrera-Bernal Edgar Vladimir , Pardo-González Carlos Alberto , Uribe-Botero Gloria Inés , Aponte-Barrios Nelson Hernando 
Published: May 2019

Introducción: la leucemia aguda es la neoplasia más común en niños, constituye aproximadamente el 25 % de todos los tumores en la infancia. En Colombia la proporción de curación, alrededor del 50 %, es inferior a lo informado en países desarrollados.Objetivo: el objetivo principal es determinar la supervivencia global y libre de eventos, la proporción de abandono y recaída de los niños con el diagnóstico de leucemia linfoide aguda tratados con el Protocolo ACHOP 2006.Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de tipo cohorte de 183 pacientes menores de 18 años, con el diagnóstico confirmado de leucemia linfoide aguda, que recibieron tratamiento en la Fundación HOMI desde el 2007 hasta el 2012. Los análisis de supervivencia se obtuvieron con curvas de Kaplan-Meier.Resultados: se analizó la supervivencia global a 2, 3 y 5 años con resultados de 89 %, 87,3 % y 74,7 % (IC 95 % 67-80,9), respectivamente. A los 5 años la supervivencia para el grupo de riesgo estándar fue de 78,6 % (IC 95 % 68,3 - 85,1) y para el de riesgo alto 61,9 % (IC 95 % 50,7-73). La supervivencia libre de evento, al considerar el abandono y traslado a otra institución como evento, fue de 56,3 % (IC 95 % 45,5-65,8) a los 5 años. La mortalidad en inducción fue de 3,8 %, la mortalidad relacionada con el tratamiento fue 3,4 %. Treinta y dos pacientes (17 %) recayeron, el abandono fue de 16,4 % y los traslados de 10,4 %. La principal complicación del tratamiento fueron las infecciones.
Evolution of the Concept of Political Corruption in Western and Russian Political Science and Law
Authors: Sheverdyaev Stanislav , Shenfeldt Alina 
Published: May 2019

As a result of intensive international debate and the adoption of a number of renowned international anticorruption conventions and initiatives in the 1990s and 2000s, the issue of corruption has become a convenient theme for different kinds of generalizations in social sciences. However, national legislation does not reflect these developments in its legal regulation due to conservatism inherent in jurisprudence. One of the most evident gaps in this respect is the sphere of political corruption. While political science and political economy for decades have been successful in explaining political processes in different countries as corrupt conspiracies of political elites, business structures, and other actors in the political process, legal science has kept itself separate from such problems and prefers to deal with individual acts of corruption. But if for criminal law such an approach seems logical due to the methodology of the criminal law, for other branches of law which set forth a systemic view on social processes – primarily administrative and constitutional – there seems to be an omission.Nowadays, there is a quite favourable environment for the development of a consistent legal understanding of anticorruption in Russia. This has become possible thanks to current Russian administrative reforms, when the need for a highly professional bureaucracy led to a greater demand for various anticorruption mechanisms. The next possible step in Russia may be an attempt to ensure the effectiveness of well-proven anti-corruption methods of the political system as a whole.In this article we propose a brief background to the evolution of the concept of political corruption in Western and Russian political and legal science, which entails the necessity of complex scientific legal synthesis on this issue, allows to discuss the existing methodological potential and creates new opportunities to build up appropriate systemic legislative models.
Influence of endothelial dysfunction caused by estrogen deficiency on the severity of cerebral ischemia in rats
Authors: Tyurenkov Ivan N. , Volotova Elena V. , Kurkin Denis V. , Bakulin Dmitry A. 
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of endothelial dysfunction caused by a decrease in the estrogen level on the severity of cerebral ischemia.
Methods. Endothelial dysfunction was caused by extirpation of the uterus with appendages and was confirmed by counting circulating endothelial cells and evaluating stimulated and basal secretion of nitric oxide. Focal cerebral ischemia was modeled by intravasal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. The severity of ischemia was assessed according to the scales of neurological deficit (Combs & D’Alecy and McGraw), in the Rotarod test and in terms of the volume of necrosis.
Results. Estrogen deficiency resulted in an increase in the circulating endothelial cells by 88%, as well as a decrease in stimulated and basal nitric oxide secretion by 17.1% and 14.7% respectively. Focal cerebral ischemia in animals with endothelial dysfunction caused by estrogen deficiency resulted in greater cerebral damage, resulting in an increase in the level of neurological deficit on the Combs & D’Alecy and McGraw scales for 7 days, a decrease in the retention time on the rotating rod by 32%, as well as an increase in the infarct volume by 89% relative to the group of animals without sexual hormones failure.
Conclusion. It has been shown that endothelial dysfunction caused by estrogen deficiency complicates the severity of cerebral ischemia, causing a more pronounced neurological and motor deficit, and contributes to an increase in the size of infarct volume.
PRÁTICA E DESAFIOS DA GESTÃO FINANCEIRA NO SETOR SUPERMERCADISTA
Authors: Farias Martins Jean Gleyson , Guerra Leone Rodrigo Jose , Oliveira Hilderline Câmera , Nobrega Janduir Oliveira , Atanasio Jizabely Araujo 
Published: May 2019

O setor privado dentre seus vários princípios, indica como fundamental a maximização de utilização dos seus recursos, seja, material, financeiro ou de pessoas. Nesta perspectiva, é imperioso o desenvolvimento e a gestão de seus processos operacionais de forma a propiciar a maximização dos resultados. Nesse intuito, este estudo tem por objetivo geral, descrever as práticas e os fatores críticos da gestão financeira nas empresas do setor supermercadista no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. O estudo é descritivo exploratório com abordagem classificada como pesquisa de levantamento junto aos supermercados. O instrumento de coleta aplicado na pesquisa foi o modelo survey aplicado por meio de questionário estruturado, fundamentado em 11 dimensões com distribuição de respostas por meio da escala de Likert de 0 a 10 contemplando temas voltados a gestão financeira. O resultado do estudo aponta a aplicação de práticas e ferramentas de gestão e controle financeiro nas unidades de negócios, tanto nas classificados como micro, quanto para as de maior porte. Dentre os pontos relevantes, as empresas demonstram conhecimentos relacionados a custos de produtos, ganhos de escala, margem de contribuição e dos gargalos financeiros. Apresenta elevado índice de escolaridade, bom relacionamento com mercado financeiro e bom conhecimento da clientela. Indicam saber utilizar o capital de giro e tomar decisões acertadas. Porém, apresentam pontos relevantes de preocupação em seus negócios, a destacar: utilização de critérios obsoletos atualmente na concessão e análise de crédito. Baixa utilização dos recursos cadastrais de proteção ao crédito. Utilização insatisfatória das ferramentas de planejamento, orçamento e de procedimentos financeiros, dos indicadores de ponto de equilíbrio, pay back e taxa interna de retorno. Formatação do preço de vendas baseado em concorrentes e no mark-up. E ainda um razoável grupo de gestores sem a devida qualificação gerencial na condução dos negócios.
IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS WITH TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ilyashenko Lubov K. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of Study: The aim of this paper was to provide a model of internal communication for a technical faculty.
Methodology: This was a descriptive-analytic study, small ways of communicating were identified, then their logical model was prepared in such a way that it included all types of communication and a comprehensive model for internal communication.
Results: The results showed that in order to have a successful internal communication in a technical university, a model for internal communication should be developed.
Implications/Applications: In the proposed model, it was pointed out that internal communication should include student communication with all components of education. The best kind of communication was also considered as two-way communication.
Geographically weighted regression modelling of the spatial association between malaria cases and environmental factors in Cameroon
Authors: Tewara Marlvin Anemey , Yunxia Liu , Mbah-Fongkimeh Prisca Ngetemalah , Zhaolei Zheng , Binang Helen Barong , Xinhui Liu , Miao Zhou , Liu Xiaojuan , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Cameroon has witnessed a 131,000 increase in malaria cases, according to a recent report addressing the malaria burden and control strategies in endemic regions. Studies have illustrated the association between malaria cases and environmental factors in Cameroon but limited in addressing how these factors vary in space for timely interventions. Thus, we want to find the spatial variability between malaria hotspot cases and environmental predictors using Geographically weighted regression (GWR) spatial modelling technique.

Methods

The global Ordinary least squares(OLS) tool in the modelling spatial relationships tool in ArcGIS 10.3. was used to select candidate explanatory environmental variables for a properly specified GWR model. The local GWR model used the OLS candidate variables to examine, predict and explore the spatial variability between environmental factors and malaria hotspot cases generated from Getis-Ord Gi* statistical analysis. Spatial maps of mosquito bed net ownership and GWR outputs were also created for public health surveillance.

Results

The OLS candidate environmental variable coefficients were statistically significant for a properly specified GWR model (adjusted R2 = 22.3% and p < 0.01). The GWR model identified a strong association between malaria cases and rainfall, vegetation index, population density, and drought episodes in most hotspot areas and a weak correlation with aridity and proximity to water (adjusted R2= 24.3%). The mosquito bed nets analysis maps demonstrated an overall low coverage(<50%) of household ownership.

Conclusion

The generated GWR maps suggest that for policymakers to eliminate malaria in Cameroon by 2030, there should be the creation of outreach programs that will target malaria hotspots locations, intensify free insecticidal net distribution, allocate specific funding, establish vaccination campaigns and carry out further investigations in areas where the environmental variables showed strong spatial associations with malaria hotspot cases.
Cholera epidemic in Kinshasa 2017-2018: targeted community-grid WaSH strategy rapidly interrupts cholera transmission throughout the city
Authors: Bompangue Didier , Moore Sandra , Taty Nadège , Impouma Benido , Sudre Bertrand , Manda Richard , Balde Thierno , Mboussou Franck , Vandevelde Thierry 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

Rapid control of cholera outbreaks is a significant challenge in overpopulated urban settings, and documented results on field interventions are scarce. During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa, the capital of Democratic Republic of the Congo, experienced two cholera epidemics of increasing intensity. By January 2018, cholera cases were reported throughout the city. We describe the spatiotemporal evolution of the cholera outbreaks in Kinshasa from 2017 to 2018 and assess the impact of the targeted community-grid WaSH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) strategy to quickly interrupt cholera transmission.

Methods

We carried out a descriptive study of the cholera outbreaks in Kinshasa from 2017 to 2018. Cholera surveillance databases from the Ministry of Health were analyzed to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of the cholera epidemic using epidemic curves and cartography. Weekly precipitation levels in Kinshasa were also assessed. Additionally, we described the targeted community-grid WaSH strategy and examined the impact of this approach to interrupt cholera transmission in the city.

Results

From January 2017 to November 2018, a total of 1,712 suspected cholera cases were reported in Kinshasa. During this period, the health zones most affected included Binza Météo, Limeté, Kokolo, Kintambo and Kingabwa. The community-grid WaSH strategy was implemented to rapidly contain the outbreak by targeting interventions in five heavily-affected heath zones. With this strategy, cholera awareness and WaSH activities were carried out in cholera clusters. In Binza Météo, Kintambo and Limeté, the weekly cholera case numbers were reduced by an average of 57% in two weeks and 86% in four weeks. The total weekly case numbers throughout Kinshasa Province dropped by 71% at four weeks after the epidemic peak.

Conclusion

During the 2017-2018 period, Kinshasa reported two cholera epidemics of increasing intensity. To contain the main epidemic, response interventions targeted case households and nearby neighbors using a community-grid approach, focusing on emergency WaSH activities and awareness campaigns. The community-grid strategy was effective in bringing outbreaks throughout Kinshasa quickly under control. A similar approach may be useful in other urban settings to quickly interrupt cholera transmission.
Variations on External Quality Assessment Performance of Public Medical Laboratories: Experience from SLMTA Program in Morogoro and Iringa, Tanzania
Authors: KASEHA Wilson Mengi , Manyilizu Wilbert Bunini 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

The International Organization for Standardization has recommended monitoring and evaluation of quality laboratory services to ensure accuracy and reliability of diagnoses. The extent of accuracy and reliability of medical laboratory diagnoses in Tanzania has been scarcely documented. Through strengthening laboratory management towards accreditation (SLMTA) program, the researcher evaluated changes in quality indicator.

Objective

The evaluation aimed at determining the effect of SLMTA program on external quality assessment participation and performance of public laboratories in Iringa and Morogoro in Tanzania.

Methodology

A comparative laboratory-based cross-sectional design was conducted in Kilosa and Turiani districts in Morogoro region and Iringa Municipal and Mufindi district in Iringa region. External quality assessment (EQA) level of participation was assessed by observing how frequent the laboratory performs PTs, and the number of laboratory tests that are involved in EQA. A total of 178 EQA proficiency malaria, HIV and Haemoglobin (Hb) test results from the public laboratories were gathered by using a checklist. Eighty test results were from SLMTA laboratories (59 from Turiani and 21 from Mafinga lab) while 98 were from non-SLMTA laboratories (63 from Kilosa and 35 from Ngome laboratory). Data were analyzed using software to prepare contingency tables for test sensitivities, specificities, and predictive values. Statistics such as percentage distributions and cross-tabulations were used to analyze data.

Findings

SLMTA and non- SLMTA labs are participating regularly in EQA for HIV rapid tests (RTs), however, their participation is not regular for malaria and Hb tests. Proficiency test (PT) performance for HIV RTs in SLMTA laboratory category was 64%, while in non-SLMTA was 85%. PT performance for malaria test in non SLMTA was 44%, while it was zero percent in SLMTA lab category. Test performance for Hb was zero percent in SLMTA labs and no datum for Hb PTs available in non SLMTA laboratories. The sensitivity and specificity for HIV RTs was 100% in both laboratory categories (SLMTA and non-SLMTA).
Non-inflammation cerebrospinal fluid and normal brain magnetic resonance images of Autoimmune encephalits
Authors: Zheng Yake , Zhao Peng , lian yajun , Li Lihao , Chen Yuan , Wang Chengze , Zhang Qiaoman 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

We set out to investigate the characteristics and factors related to non-inflammation cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and normal brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in patients.

Methods

The distribution and characteristics of brain MRI and CSF in 124 patients who were living with anti-NMDAR(71), LGI1(26),CASPR2(4),GABAR(23) encephalitis and who had been admitted between October 2016 and May 2018 were analyzed prospectively.

Results

12 of the 124 patients(1%) had a normal MRI and non-inflammation CSF.Ten of them were LGI1(83%),while the remaining 1 patient was NMDAR(8.3%),1 patient was CASPR2(8.3%).The clinical symptoms including epilepsy, psychosis, cognitive disorders, conscious disorders, headache, faciobrachial dystonic seizure (FBDS), speech disorders and hypoventilation. AE with non-inflammation CSF and normal MRI with good clinical prognosis. The median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was low, and recurrence rate was also low.

Conclusion

The clinical manifestations of on-inflammation CSF and brain MRI-negative patients with AE are not specific, but suggest a better prognosis and a lower recurrence rates.
Effect of Stature on Refraction and Ocular Biometry in Chinese Young Adults: The Anyang University Students Eye Study
Authors: Wang Ningli , Wei Shi-Fei , Sun Yun-Yun , Li Shi-Ming , Hu Jian-Ping , Cao Kai , Guo Ji-Yuan , Li He 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background

There are few studies reporting the association between stature and ocular biometry as well as cycloplegic refraction in young adults. Our study determined the relationship between stature and ocular biometry as well as cycloplegic refraction in Chinese young adults.

Methods

This was a school-based study including university students in Anyang, Henan Province, China. Cycloplegic refraction and corneal curvature (CR) were measured using an autorefractor. Ocular biometric parameters, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT), were measured using a Lenstar LS900. Height and weight were acquired from an annual standardized physical examination, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated from these measurements.

Results

A total of 5657 (71.0%) subjects were available for analysis. After adjusting for age, gender, parental myopia, time outdoors, near work and weight, a 1 cm taller person could be expected to have more negative refraction as -0.023D, a 0.032 mm increase in AL, a 0.003 mm increase in ACD, a 0.008 mm increase in CR, and a 0.001 increase in axial length-corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio. With regard to weight, a 1 kg heavier person was more likely to have less negative refraction as 0.011 D, deeper ACD by 0.001mm and flatter cornea by 0.002mm. A similar pattern of significant associations was also found in BMI.

Conclusions

Compared to those of less height, young adults of greater height tended to have longer eyes, deeper anterior chambers, flatter corneas, higher AL/CR ratio, and more negative refraction after controlling for potential confounders. In contrast, heavier and higher BMI persons were more hyperopic. The differences in stature may partially explain the variation in refraction and ocular biometric parameters.
Measurement of Gas Diffusion Coefficient in Highly Permeable Porous Media
Authors: Levintal Elad , Dragila Maria I. , Kamai Tamir , Weisbrod Noam 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
A modified method was used to quantify gas diffusion within coarse media.
All data were highly correlated to an inverse solution of the diffusion equation.
DP/D0 results were in the range of common DP/D0 predictive models.
Observed increase in gas transport with permeability was named enhanced diffusion.
Gas diffusion is a fundamental transport process in porous media. However, to date, there is no method for experimentally estimating the gas diffusion coefficient of coarse porous media. A modified method is proposed here and was validated against sand media. The method was tested using particle sizes ranging between 1 and 4 cm: ∼10−3 cm2 < intrinsic permeability < ∼10−2 cm2. Laboratory experiments were conducted in large horizontal columns filled with different homogeneous spherical particles inside a climate‐controlled laboratory under isothermal (± <0.2°C) and windless conditions. Diffusion coefficients were similar for particles sizes of 1 and 2 cm, which indicates that pure diffusion governs gas transport. Above 2 cm, diffusion coefficients were higher, suggesting an enhanced gas transport, most likely initiated by small, local advective components. Because the enhanced transport can be modeled by the diffusion equation using a larger diffusion coefficient, it is associated with the enhanced diffusion concept.
METODOLOGIA NUMÉRICA PARA SOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS DE BIOTRANSFERÊNCIA DE CALOR POR MEIO DE FUNÇÕES DE BASE RADIAL
Authors: Barbosa Luiz Otávio , Amantéa Rafael Pinheiro , De Carvalho Robspierre 
Published: May 2019

Um grande número de problemas de biotransferência de calor pode envolver condições de contorno específicas para simular situações de aquecimento, queimaduras e termoterapias. Apesar das soluções analíticas disponíveis, muitas formas clássicas e modificadas da famosa equação de Pennes requerem soluções numéricas rápidas e precisas. Este trabalho introduz o método da função de base radial (FBR) aplicado à solução da equação de biotransferência de calor com condições de contorno relacionadas à função de aquecimento constante e degrau. Além disso, um esquema adaptativo temporal foi utilizado com o método FBR. Os resultados numéricos obtidos apresentaram erros menores que 0,1%, quando comparados com soluções analíticas e permitem afirmar que a metodologia proposta é precisa. Especificamente, para o caso de aquecimento por função degrau, dois parâmetros de forma FBR foram aplicados para manter os excelentes resultados. Os perfis espaciais mostraram que os nós localizados nos limites foram a fonte primária de erros numéricos e sugeriram um esquema adaptativo de refinamento de nós no espaço.