bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of committed radiation dose rate and relationships between alkaline metals concentrations in mushroom Xerocomus badius / Badanie wchłoniętej, skutecznej dawki promieniowania i zależności pomiędzy stężeniami metali alkalicznych w owocnikach Xerocomus badius
Authors: Dołhańczuk-Śródka Agnieszka , Ziembik Zbigniew , Kříž Jan , Hyšplerova Lidmila , Wacławek Maria 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The fruiting bodies of fungi sprout from mycelium are capable of accumulating significant amounts of trace elements, both metals and metalloids. Content of these elements in fruiting bodies may exceed their concentration in the substrate where fungi develop. Among the elements the radioactive nuclides are also present. In this work health risk caused by increased radioactivity dose absorbed with Xerocomus badius bay bolete consumption was estimated. In analysis concentrations of radioactive isotopes 137Cs and 40K were taken into consideration. It was found that moderate ingestion of bay bolete does not create health risk due to increased radioactive substances intake. The amount of consumed mushrooms that could deliver the dose exceeding the safe one, is rather improbable in real life. Possible relationships between radioactive isotopes concentrations and concentrations of common alkali metals were investigated using methods designed for compositional data analysis. No clear relationships between 137Cs, Ca, K and Mg concentrations in samples of bay bolete were found and significant influence of outlying data points on statistical inference was noticed.
Glutamine as a Feed Supplement for Piglets: a Review / Glutamina jako dodatek do paszy dla prosiąt: przegląd
Authors: Hanczakowska Ewa , Niwińska Barbara 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Weaning is a crucial moment in a piglet’s life. It is characterized by a generally low nutrient intake and adverse changes in the small intestinal mucosa. Proper feeding is therefore necessary to ensure normal development of the gastrointestinal tract. One substance that could provide intestinal epithelial cells with necessary energy is the amino acid glutamine. It improves epithelium structure and accelerates the growth of intestinal villi in which nutrients are absorbed, thus improving feed utilization and growth performance in piglets. The effect of glutamine on intestinal microflora also improves animal health. In addition to liver and kidneys, small intestine is the main site of glutamine metabolism, which leads to the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides and of the important antioxidant glutathione. Glutamine is also a precursor for the synthesis of proline and arginine, the components of body proteins. Glutamine downregulates the expression of genes responsible for oxidative stress and immune activation, and increases the expression of genes that are necessary for cell growth and removal of oxidants. Due to these properties, glutamine is considered an essential amino acid in diets for weaned piglets.
Analysis of the Possibility of Improving the Indicators of Pork Quality Through Selection with Particular Consideration of Intramuscular Fat (MF) Content / Analiza możliwości poprawy wskaźników jakości wieprzowiny na drodze selekcji ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zawartości tłuszczu śródmięśniowego (IMF)
Authors: Tyra Mirosław , Żak Grzegorz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate coefficients of heritability for intramuscular fat (IMF) content and other fattening, slaughter and meat quality traits of the pig breeds raised in Poland. In addition, genetic correlations were estimated between IMF content and a group of fattening, slaughter and meat quality traits, which enables this parameter to be included in the BLUP estimation of breeding value. The experiment used Polish Landrace (PL), Polish Large White (PLW), Puławska, Hampshire, Duroc, Pietrain and line 990 animals. A total of 4430 gilts of these breeds, tested at Pig Performance Testing Stations (SKURTCh), were investigated. Heritability of IMF was at intermediate level for the two most common breeds raised in Poland (h2 = .318 for PLW, h2 = .291 for PL). In the group of meat quality traits, high heritability was noted for meat colour lightness (L*) measured by Minolta (from h2 = .453 to h2 = .572). No relationships were found between IMF level and indicators of fattening performance. The highest value observed in this group of traits concerned the genetic relationship with daily feed intake (rG = .227) for the entire group of animals. For the PLW and PL breeds, these relationships were with feed conversion (kg/kg gain) (rG = .151 and rG = .167, respectively). One of the higher relationships observed were genetic correlations with water holding capacity (above rG = -.3) and, for the PLW and PL breeds, with meat redness (a*), which amounted to rG = .155 and rG = .143, respectively.
Effect of Inulin and Garlic Supplementation in Pig Diets / Efektywność dodatku inuliny i czosnku w żywieniu tuczników
Authors: Grela Eugeniusz R. , Pietrzak Krzysztof , Sobolewska Sandra , Witkowski Piotr 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing inulin and inulin with garlic extract to pig diets on performance, carcass traits, blood metabolic profile and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle. The experiment was carried out on 48 crossbred [(PL × PLW) × Duroc] fattening pigs with an initial body weight of 30.0 ± 0.5 kg, which were allocated to 3 groups: I (control), II (3% inulin) and III (3% inulin + 500 ml garlic extract added to 1000 l of drinking water). The pigs whose diets were supplemented with inulin or inulin and garlic achieved significantly (P≤0.05) higher daily weight gains compared to control. Supplemental inulin and water extract of garlic significantly (P≤0.05) lowered cholesterol content in blood and longissimus muscle. The highest level of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids was established in the longissimus muscle from pigs in group III.
Long-term organic fertilization effect on chernozem structure
Authors: Słowińska-Jurkiewicz A. , Bryk M. , Medvedev V.V. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The objective of the study was to examine the structure of typical Ukrainian chernozem developed on loess, which (I) had been fertilized by standard crop rotation since 1912 with farm yard manure at the rate of 16 t ha-1 and (II) had not been fertilized with farm yard manure by sugar beet monoculture since 1929. After harvest of winter wheat and sugar beet, the samples of undisturbed structure were taken from 5 layers of both profiles: 0-8, 10-18, 20-28, 30-38, and 40-48 cm. The morphological analysis of the structure of the investigated chernozem revealed that the most visible differences between the soil structures of the two pedons occurred in their superficial layers. The 0-18 cm layer of the soil in the experiment I had an aggregate structure, whereas analogous layer of the soil in experiment II was much more compacted. Below about 30 cm from the ground level both pedons had very similar structure. For the soil in the experiment I an appropriate crop rotation and regular supplies of organic matter allowed for preservation of a favourable structure even in the upper layers - in contrast to the soil in the experiment II.
Vertical distribution of dry mass in cereals straw and its loss during harvesting
Authors: Zając T. , Oleksy A. , Stokłosa A. , Klimek-Kopyra A. , Macuda J. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The study aimed at evaluating the distribution of mass in the straw of cereal species and also at assessing the straw yield and its losses resulting from the amount of the stubble left in the field. It was found empirically that the wheat culms are composed of five internodes, and in barley, triticale and oats of six. The highest straw mass per 1 cm was found in the second internode in both forms of wheat and winter triticale, whereas barley and oats gathered the highest weight in the first internode. In the southern part of Silesia species and forms of cereals differed in the straw yield, which can be arranged as follows, from the highest: winter wheat > spring wheat, winter triticale, winter barley, and oats > spring barley. Due to the specific distribution of dry matter in each of internodes of both wheat forms - winter and spring, they loose less stubble mass (22 and 24%, respectively), comparing to other cereals, especially spring barley, which loose 31% yield of straw in the stubble of 15 cm height.
Fruit biomechanics based on anatomy: a review
Authors: Li Zhiguo , Yang Hongling , Li Pingping , Liu Jizhan , Wang Jizhang , Xu Yunfeng 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Fruit biomechanics is needed for quality determination, multiscale modelling and engineering design of fruit processes and equipments. However, these determined fruit biomechanics data often have obvious differences for the same fruit or tissue. In order to investigate it, the fruit biomechanics based on anatomy was reviewed in this paper. First, the anatomical characteristics of fruit biomaterials were described at the macroscopic ‘tissue’ level and microscopic ‘cellular’ level. Subsequently, the factors affecting fruit biomechanics based on anatomy and the relationships between fruit biomechanics, texture and mechanical damage were summarised according to the published literature. Fruit biomechanics is mainly affected by size, number and arrangement of cells, quantity and volume of intracellular spaces, structure, thickness, chemical composition and permeability of cell walls, and pectin degradation level and turgor pressure within cells based on microanatomy. Four test methods and partial determined results of fruit biomechanics were listed and reviewed. The determined mechanical properties data of fruit are only approximate values by using the existing four test methods, owing to the fruit biomaterials being non-homogeneous and living. Lastly, further aspects for research on fruit biomechanics were proposed for the future.
Shortest Path Problem Solving Based on Ant Colony Optimization Metaheuristic
Authors: Gła̢bowski Mariusz , Musznicki Bartosz , Nowak Przemysław , Zwierzykowski Piotr 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) metaheuristic is a versatile algorithmic optimization approach based on the observation of the behaviour of ants. As a result of numerous analyses, ACO has been applied to solving various combinatorial problems. The ant colony metaheuristic proves itself to be efficient in solving NP-hard problems, often generating the best solution in the shortest amount of time. However, not enough attention has been paid to ACO as a means of solving problems that have optimal solutions which can be found using other methods.
The shortest path problem is undoubtedly one of the aspects of great significance to navigation and telecommunications. It is used, amongst others, for determining the shortest route between two geographical locations, for routing in packet networks, and to balance and optimize network utilization. Thus, this article introduces ShortestPathACO, an Ant Colony Optimization based algorithm designed to find the shortest path in a graph. The algorithm consists of several subproblems that are presented successively. Each subproblem is discussed from many points of view to enable researchers to find the most suitable solutions to the problems they investigate.
Performance Evaluation of Multicast Overlay Routing Protocols
Authors: Stachowiak Krzysztof , Pawlak Tytus , Piechowiak Maciej 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
For almost three decades the multicast communication has been a subject of a dynamic research. It came to the world of the packet switching networks rather late and still has not become a fist class citizen of the Internet, yet the demand for such services is growing and thus the relevant technologies evolve persistently providing increasing quality and availability of the means of the group communication. The overlay approach to the multicast is an application layer realization which came to life due to certain deficiencies at the lower layers. In general the gain from using multicast for group communication instead of duplicated unicast links is that we avoid sending the same data many times through a single link. Such gain may be achieved wit the use of the router level mulitcast solution. The overlay solutions tend to approach his level of efficiency with a different degree of success. Therefore one of the main characteristics that is interesting when evaluating a particular overlay protocol is how well does it achieve the aforementioned gain. There are several metrics that allow for objective comparison of protocols in this regard. However this is not the only point of view to provide a valuable evaluation of the multicast overlay solutions. One of the important aspects of the modern group communication such as the IPTV or teleconferencing is the dynamic nature of the users’ participation. A particular group may be joined and left by multiple users at a very frequent rate which is critical to the resources management as well as to maintaining the integrity of the abstract communication structure, e.g. a tree spanning all the participants. In such case two major classes of the evaluation criteria emerge: the statical and the dynamical ones. They’re both very important and interdependent, however the means to measure them may differ significantly. In this article a wide variety of the multicast overlay protocols have been analysed and two of them have been chosen to be compared. The stress of the evaluation has been put on the dynamic aspects of the multicast overlay protocols operation.
Tuchola County Broadband Network (TCBN)
Authors: Zabłudowski Antoni , Dubalski Bożydar , Zabłudowski Łukasz , Pedersen Jens Myrup 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the paper the designing project (plan) of Tuchola City broadband IP optical network has been presented. The extended version of network plan constitute technical part of network Feasibility Study, that it is expected to be implemented in Tuchola and be financed from European Regional Development Funds. The network plan presented in the paper contains both topological structure of fiber optic network as well as the active equipment for the network. In the project described in the paper it has been suggested to use Modular Cable System - MCS for passive infrastructure and Metro Ethernet technology for active equipment. The presented solution provides low cost of construction (CAPEX), ease of implementation of the network and low operating cost (OPEX). Moreover the parameters of installed Metro Ethernet switches in the network guarantee the scalability of the network for at least 10 years.
Effect of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles on Water Glass Structure
Authors: Bobrowski A. , Kmita A. , Starowicz M. , Hutera B. , Stypuła B. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An attempt has been made to determine the effect of an addition of colloidal suspensions of the nanoparticles of magnesium oxide on the structure of water glass, which is a binder for moulding and core sands. Nanoparticles of magnesium oxide MgO in propanol and ethanol were introduced in the same mass content (5wt.%) and structural changes were determined by measurement of the FT-IR absorption spectra.
Classification of Structure Defects of Metal Matrix Castings with Saturated Reinforcement
Authors: Gawdzińska K. , Nagolska D. , Szweycerb M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Definition of a composite [1] describes an ideal composite material with perfect structure. In real composite materials, structure is usually imperfect - composites contain various types of defects [2, 3-5], especially as the casted composites are of concern. The reason for this is a specific structure of castings, related to course of the manufacturing process. In case of metal matrix composite castings, especially regarding these manufactured by saturation, there is no classification of these defects [2, 4]. Classification of defects in castings of classic materials (cast iron, cast steel, non-ferrous alloys) is insufficient and requires completion of specific defects of mentioned materials. This problem (noted during manufacturing metal matrix composite castings with saturated reinforcement in Institute of Basic Technical Sciences of Maritime University Szczecin) has become a reason of starting work aimed at creating such classification. As a result, this paper was prepared. It can contribute to improvement of quality of studied materials and, as a consequence, improve the environment protection level.
Application of Microwaves for Binder Content Assessment in Moulding Sands
Authors: Nowak D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The paper presents results of preliminary examinations on possibility of determining binder content in traditional moulding sands with the microwave method. The presented measurements were carried-out using a special stand, the so-called slot line. Binder content in the sandmix was determined by measurements of absorption damping Ad and insertion losses IL of electromagnetic wave. One of main advantages of the suggested new method of binder content measurement is short measuring time.
Investigations of Properties of Wax Mixtures Used in the Investment Casting Technology – New Investigation Methods
Authors: Zych J. , Kolczyk J. , Snopkiewicz T. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The results of testing of the selected group of wax mixtures used in the investment casting technology, are presented in the paper. The measurements of the kinetics of the mixtures shrinkage and changes of viscous-plastic properties as a temperature function were performed. The temperature influence on bending strength of wax mixtures was determined.
Diffuse Hair Loss in Secondary Syphilis in HIV Positive Man: Case Report
Authors: Bjekić Milan 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARY
Hair loss is not a common feature of secondary syphilis. There are two types of syphilitic alopecia: “symptomatic” type where hair loss is associated with other symptoms of secondary syphilis, and “essential” alopecia that is either patchy (“moth-eaten” type), diffuse pattern with a generalized thinning of the scalp hair, or a combination of both without any other mucocutaneous signs of syphilis. This article presents a case of syphilitic alopecia in a 30-year-old homosexual man. The patient had diffuse non-scarring alopecia of his scalp and loss of eyelashes and eyebrows. A macular rash with palmar-plantar involvement and oral lesions coexisted with the hair loss. Serological tests for syphilis were positive. The patient was treated with a single dose of benzathine penicillin G, 2.4 million units intramuscularly. Within three months there was dramatic hair regrowth, and all syphilitic lesions resolved. Patient was councelled and tested on HIV. The HIV seropositivity was confirmed by Western blot analysis.
Syphilitic alopecia should not be overlooked in patients with non-scarring hair loss. Serologic testing for syphilis is recommended in patients with unexplained rapid hair loss. However, all patients presenting with syphilis should be offered HIV testing.
Present Approaches to Landscape Typology in the Czech Republic
Authors: Romportl Dušan , Chuman Tomáš 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Landscape typologies are widely recognised as useful tools for landscape management and planning. However, there is wide range of different approaches producing diverse outputs, which makes the usage of landscape typologies sometimes difficult or confusing in general practice (Wascher ed., 2005). The same situation is found in the Czech Republic, where a number of holistic, expert-based and quantitative approaches were developed. These differences could be explained by different objectives of landscape classification, different input data and methods used, and by the particular author’s experience and erudition. Nevertheless, landscape typology should be clear both for scientists, landscapeplanners and policy makers. It is necessary to create valid landscape-planning documents which have to reflect regional, cultural and natural landscape specifics, for as effective and sustainable land use as possible. For such a strategic planning, clearly defined and characterised spatial units seem to be an essential base. This paper aims to introduce the fundamental methodological approaches, provides basic comparison of different Czech typologies, and discusses an optimal method for landscape planning.
SURVEI PROSES PEMBUATAN MINUMAN KAHWA DAUN DI PROPINSI SUMATERA BARAT, INDONESIA
Authors: Novita Rilma , Kasim Anwar , Anggraini Tuty , Putra Deddi Prima 
Published: May 2018

Minuman kahwa daun adalah minuman yang terbuat dari daun kopi yang dikeringkan dan merupakan minuman khas Sumatera Barat. Survei proses pembuatan minuman kahwa daun telah dilakukan dengan mengunjungi tempat-tempat pembuatan minuman kahwa daun yang tersebar di tiga kabupaten yang ada di Sumatera Barat yaitu Kabupaten Tanah datar, Kabupaten Agam, dan Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi proses pembuatan minuman kahwa daun yang ada dan berkembang di Sumatera Barat. Data primer proses pembuatan minuman telah dikumpulkan dari 34 kedai atau kafe yang memproduksi dan menjual minuman kahwa daun yang terdapat di tiga kabupaten yang menjadi sentra budaya masyarakat Sumatera Barat (Minang). Pemilihan kedai atau kafe didasarkan pada kemudahan akses dan berada di pinggir jalan utama yang menghubungkan ketiga kabupaten. Data diperoleh dengan teknik wawancara, observasi langsung, dan dibantu daftar pertanyaan. Dari hasil pengamatan terhadap proses pembuatan minuman kahwa daun yang ada dan berkembang di Sumatera Barat diketahui bahwa ada tiga proses pembuatan minuman kahwa daun atau proses ekstraksi yaitu 1) pemasakan (air dan daun kopi dimasak secara bersamaan sampai mendidih) dikerjakan oleh 91,2 % pembuat minuman kahwa daun, 2) penyeduhan (daun kopi diseduh dengan air panas 80-90oC) dikerjakan oleh 2,9 % pembuat minuman kahwa daun, dan 3) pelarutan (air dimasak sampai mendidih kemudian daun kopi dimasukkan dan dibiarkan mendidih selama 3-5 menit), dikerjakan oleh 5,9 % pembuat minuman kahwa daun. Proses pembuatan minuman kahwa daun terbanyak dilakukan di Kabupaten Tanah Datar (52,9 %).
ANALISIS NILAI TAMBAH PELAKU RANTAI PASOK GAMBIR DENGAN METODE HAYAMI TERMODIFIKASI
Authors: Saputra Hendra , Nazir Novizar , Yenrina Rina 
Published: May 2018

Gambir merupakan komoditas unggulan Sumatera Barat, produktivitas rantai pasok gambir saat ini masih memiliki kendala dari tingkat keuntungan yang tidak setara di setiap aliran rantainya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui nilai tambah yang diperoleh di setiap pelaku rantai pasok gambir. Mekanisme rantai pasok gambir diidentifikasi menggunakan metode kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan sistem yang didukung dengan metode Hayami termodifikasi untuk menghitung nilai tambah. Pada skala industri kapasitas pabrik pengolahan eksportir gambir 1250 kg gambir/jam dan tingkat harga jual gambir masyarakat Rp. 45.000/kg, harga Gambir katekin (Produksi eksportir) Rp 189.000/kg di dapat hasil perbandingan nilai tambah Petani (11%) : Pedagang pengumpul (30 %) : Eksportir lokal (60 %). Dari total nilai tambah yang dihasilkan sebesar Rp.322.602.481.833 pertahun terlihat perbandingan nilai tambah diantara para pelaku rantai pasok gambir yaitu petani, pedagang pengumpul, dan eksportir lokal dimana petani memperoleh Rp. 20.052/kg, pedagang pengumpul Rp. 55.135/kg dan eksportir lokal Rp. 110.813/kg. Berdasarkan besaran nilai tambah per kg gambir yang diperoleh disetiap rantai pasok gambir, eksportir lokal menerima bagian pendapatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan petani dan pedagang pengumpul.