bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeds of systemic corruption in the post-Brexit UK
Authors: Pasculli Lorenzo 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
This study aims to assess the risks of systematisation of corruption in the UK following the Brexit referendum.

Design/methodology/approach
The study applies theoretical and empirical findings of criminological, social, psychological, economic and legal research on the causes of systemic corruption to the socio-institutional developments following the Leave vote.

Findings
The events surrounding the referendum confirm that the resort to corrupt practices is normalised in certain sectors of the British institutions, business and media and that socio-political processes activated by the Leave vote and inadequate UK policymaking and lawmaking can aggravate the situational and socio-psychological enablers of systemic corruption. Effective solutions must go beyond mere anti-corruption laws and address deeper social issues.

Research limitations/implications
The study focuses only on some of the major situational and socio-psychological causes of systemic corruption, including the unintended criminogenic effects of the law. More interdisciplinary research is required to address other causes, such as historical and cultural factors.

Practical implications
The findings of this study can inspire practical solutions by policymakers and future research.

Social implications
The study contributes to raising social awareness and stimulating public discussion on systemic corruption in the UK and on the consequences of the referendum on public and private integrity.

Originality/value
The study offers the first systematic analysis of the effects of Brexit and the referendum on corruption through an integrated interdisciplinary approach to systemic corruption in the UK.
The effect of female portrayal in advertising on the Palestinian females purchase decision
Authors: Salem Mohammed Z. , Baidoun Samir , Walsh Grace , Sweidan Netham 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of female portrayal in advertisements on Palestinian female consumers’ purchasing decisions. TV and online media were selected as the medium for the study. Specifically, the researchers examine the one-dimensional sexualized female portrayal in advertisements.

Design/methodology/approach
Culture is used as the lens through which the study examines the relationship between independent and dependent variables concerning the topic of this study. The study collected primary data from 395 Palestinian participants through a survey questionnaire.

Findings
The findings of the study revealed that there is a relationship between the independent variable (the sexualized female portrayal in foreign advertisements – advertisements originating in foreign countries) and the dependent variable (Palestinian female consumers’ purchase decision). Additionally, the study found that the cultural differences between Palestine and other foreign countries have a negative impact on the Palestinian female consumers’ perception of the product being advertised.

Practical implications
Although traditional marketing procedures would allow companies to filter and adapt particular adverts to suit various cultural, social and political environments, the advent of the open web and satellite TV channels extend the advertisements reach to audiences beyond their intended demographic.

Originality/value
This is the first study set in the Arab context (including Palestine) to explore the impact of sexualized female portrayal in advertisements on Palestinian female consumers’ purchasing decision.
Exploring expatriate fan identification in international football supporters
Authors: Burton Nicholas , Bradish Cheri , Dempsey Melanie 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine international football supporter behaviours within the context of national and socio-cultural identification, in an effort to better understand what role national identity plays in fan motivation and consumer behaviour for expatriate and non-domestic fans.

Design/methodology/approach
International football supporters across ten cultural and ethnic communities were surveyed throughout the 2014 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup Finals, exploring the identification and new media socialisation behaviours of national team supporters in non-domestic markets.

Findings
The study’s findings provide evidence of the role identification plays in informing national and ethnic identities. Supporting one’s home or ancestral national team reflects an important element of national identification and socio-cultural place for expatriate or non-domestic supporters of international football. Importantly, new media behaviours provide supporters with a formative and productive source of national team fan engagement and ethnocultural community creation, particularly for younger target audiences.

Practical implications
These results bear particular significance for theory and practice: the digital socialisation behaviours supporters engage in are integral components of identity building and communication. In better understanding the awareness and interest of geographically detached sport consumers, this study offers new perspective into the opportunities present for sport organisations and marketers in reaching non-domestic fan nations.

Originality/value
The findings offer new perspective into the role national identification plays in fan involvement and motivation, and importantly how new media has emerged as a key platform for expatriate and non-domestic supporter socialisation amongst international football supporters.
Specialist community teams for adults with learning disabilities: referrals to a countywide service in England
Authors: Clare Isabel C.H. , Wade Kelly A. , Ranke Nadine , Whitson Sarah , Lillywhite Alison , Jones Elizabeth , Broughton SallyAnne , Wagner Adam , Holland Anthony J. 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
While “generic” community teams for adults with learning disabilities (CTs) are well-established in the UK, very little recent evidence is available about any aspect of their work. As part of a larger project about the role, structure and functioning of CTs, the purpose of this paper is to provide data about referrals.

Design/methodology/approach
Over three months, the authors obtained data about 270 consecutive new referrals to five CTs in a countywide integrated health (NHS) and care management (local authority) service.

Findings
The 270 referrals related to 255 individuals, mainly already service users, with almost a third (30 per cent, n=204) described as people with severe or profound disabilities. Consistent with the reported living arrangements (residential accommodation or with one or more family members (87 per cent, n=270)), referrals were most often made by social care staff, General Practitioners or carers. The referrals related to a wide range of issues including mental health and/or behavioural needs, physical health and skills, and independence. The major group, however, were requests about a person’s entitlement to specialist learning disability services and/or reviews of an existing social care package.

Research limitations/implications
The focus on new referrals and the exclusion of intra-team referrals mean that the data are not representative of a CT’s caseload and cannot be used as a basis for resourcing. Nevertheless, the findings emphasise the heterogeneity of the population, and the long-term and varied nature of their needs, meaning that CTs require access to a range of expertise and, often, an inter-agency approach. The implications for service design are considered.

Originality/value
This is the first empirical study of referrals to specialist integrated (health and care management) community learning disabilities teams in England.
A critical reflection on the development of the Participatory Autism Research Collective (PARC)
Authors: Milton Damian Elgin Maclean , Ridout Susy , Kourti Marianthi , Loomes Gillian , Martin Nicola 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The Participatory Autism Research Collective (PARC) was initially set up with the purpose of bringing autistic people, including scholars and activists (but not exclusively), together with early career researchers and practitioners who work with autistic people, with the aim being to build a community where those who wished to see more significant involvement of autistic people in autism research could share knowledge and expertise. This paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores the development of the PARC network, reflecting upon its activities and ethos within current higher education practices and structures.

Findings
In supporting autistic individuals in their attempts to establish themselves within academic systems that may not always be considerate or accommodating, the existence of PARC creates a structure with which autistic people can influence social change. PARC serves as a network of support, strengthening the presence of autistic scholars in academia. It also provides a structure through which autistic people are able to demonstrate helpful practices with which to engage more broadly.

Originality/value
The PARC network is the first autistic-led venture of its kind in the UK to have a sustained impact. PARC is growing to become an important element in the field of autism studies both by supporting emerging autistic academics and by promoting ethical and participatory research methods and practices.
Leaf water relations and structural traits of four temperate woody species occurring in serpentine and non‐serpentine soil
Authors: Kawai Kiyosada , Saito Haruka , Kajino Hirofumi , Nakai Wataru , Nakamura Ryosuke , Sato Kai , Okada Naoki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLow water‐holding properties impose dry conditions on plants on serpentine soil. To test the hypothesis that leaf water relations are key plant characteristics to grow in serpentine soil, we compared these traits for four tree species (Quercus serrata, Clethra barbinervis, Magnolia obovata and Pieris japonica) growing in serpentine soil and brown forest (BF) soil. Despite a much lower soil moisture content, trees in the serpentine soil (S) plot showed similar predawn leaf water potential to trees in the BF plot in all species. Trees in the S plot showed higher drought tolerance or drought avoidance than trees in the BF plot. In the S plot, enhanced drought tolerance through osmoregulation was observed in Q. serrata and P. japonica, whereas decreased leaf capacitance was observed in C. barbinervis and Q. serrata. Decreased stomatal conductance, a typical way to avoid drought stress, was observed for serpentine C. barbinervis and M. obovata and midday leaf water potential was comparable between S and BF plots for C. barbinervis. Lamina dry mass per area was higher for C. barbinervis but lower for Q. serrata in the S plot. Wood density was higher in serpentine Q. serrata and M. obovata. On the other hand, all studied species showed lower leaf nitrogen concentration in the S plot. Our results suggest that (a) despite low water availability, the tress in the serpentine plot did not suffer drought stress, and (b) leaf water relations may be one of the traits that enabled trees to inhabit serpentine soil.
Understanding behaviour change in context: examining the role of midstream social marketing programmes
Authors: Luca Nadina R. , Hibbert Sally , McDonald Ruth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis research examines how midstream social marketing programmes that adopt a relational and community‐based approach create opportunities for individuals to make incremental changes to health behaviour. Specifically, it applies Bourdieusian theory to explore how interactions between community healthcare workers (CHWs) and members of the public generate impetus for change and foster individual agency for improved health. Qualitative interviews were carried out with members of the public and CHWs engaged in a Smokefree home and cars initiative. The findings suggest that although CHWs are challenged by resource constraints, their practices in working with individuals and families build trust and enable dialogue that bridges smoking‐related health insight with home logics. These interactions can promote individual agency with a transformative effect through small changes to smoking‐related dispositions, norms and practices. However, tensions with the habitus of other household members and other capital deficits can inhibit progress towards embedding new practices. The study concludes that interventions built upon community relationships show potential for addressing limitations of information‐focused campaigns but there is a need to also respond to key social structures relating to the field of action for new health dispositions to become embedded in practice.
Effects of curd heating with or without previous milk pasteurisation on the microbiological quality and safety of craft‐made ‘Pasta Filata’ Kashkaval cheese curds
Authors: Samelis John , Kakouri Athanasia , Kondyli Efthymia , Pappa Eleni C 
Published: May 2019

An empirical ‘Pasta Filata’ process used for traditional Kashkaval cheese manufacture from raw ewes’ milk improved the hygiene of fresh curd. Coagulase‐positive (RPF+) staphylococci and coliforms declined by 2.4 and 4.5 log units, respectively, and Listeria contamination was minimised. Before Pasta Filata, RPF+ staphylococci exceeded the 5‐log threshold level specified in EC Regulation 1441/2007 in raw milk curds despite the prevalence of indigenous mesophilic lactic acid bacteria. Pasta Filata favoured enterococci in raw milk curds. Pasteurisation enhanced prevalence of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis starters and microbial quality and safety of pasteurised milk curds before and particularly after Pasta Filata.
Retrospective review of CT brain image quality, diagnostic adequacy and radiation dose in a paediatric population imaged at a non‐paediatric tertiary hospital
Authors: Ling Lisa Luo‐Lan , Fitt Greg , Begbie Mark , Fleming Catriona Anne , Perchyonok Yuliya 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionMinimising radiation exposure in paediatric imaging examinations whilst maintaining acceptable diagnostic quality continues to present a challenge. The aims of this study were to assess institutional compliance of paediatric CT brain (CTB) examinations performed in an adult hospital with ARPANSA radiation dose recommendations and to compare qualitative CTB diagnostic acceptability with objective imaging parameters and radiation dose.MethodsA retrospective review of 115 consecutive paediatric CTB examinations was undertaken at an adult tertiary referral centre in Australia over a 2‐year period. Dose length product (DLP) was compared with the ARPANSA standards. CTB image quality was subjectively classified by two neuroradiologists independently, with discordant results resolved by consensus. Objective assessment of image quality included measurements of signal‐to‐noise (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNR) of grey and white matter.ResultsAll patient scans complied with ARPANSA DLP recommendations; however, 10 out of 115 scans were classified as being of diagnostically suboptimal image quality. These scans had significantly lower mean DLP values compared with diagnostically adequate examinations (105.1 vs 379.2 mGy.cm; P < 0.0001). CTB scans of adequate diagnostic quality, when compared to suboptimal scans, had significantly higher CNR (1.8 vs 1.1; P < 0.0001) and SNR in grey (7.1 vs 4.6; P < 0.0001) and white matter (5.6 vs 3.8; P < 0.0001).ConclusionAll CTB examinations in this series complied with the ARPANSA DLP recommendations; however, 9% were of suboptimal diagnostic image quality. While it is important to minimize unnecessary radiation exposure, our results suggest that excessively low DLP values can lead to suboptimal diagnostic image quality.
Stress and nicotine during adolescence disrupts adult hippocampal‐dependent learning and alters stress reactivity
Authors: Holliday Erica D. , Logue Sheree F. , Oliver Chicora , Bangasser Debra A. , Gould Thomas J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAdolescence represents increased susceptibility to stress that increases risk for nicotine dependence. The present study examined the interactive effects of brief exposure to stress (shipping/transportation or experimentally induced) and chronic nicotine during adolescence on cognitive function and stress reactivity in adulthood. Adolescent (P31), but not young adult (P47), C57BL/6J mice had higher levels of corticosterone after shipping vs mice bred onsite. Shipped preadolescent (P23) and adolescent (P38) mice, but not those bred onsite, exposed to nicotine showed deficits in contextual fear learning when tested in adulthood. Adult learning deficits were replicated in adolescent mice bred onsite, exposed to experimentally induced stress, and administered chronic nicotine. Stress and nicotine during adolescence resulted in higher expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors and corticotropin‐releasing factor receptors and blunted restraint induced CORT release in adulthood. Importantly, studies examining adolescent behavior in mice should consider stress influences outcomes.
Medical students' experiences in learning the Mental State Examination with standardized patients
Authors: Mahendran Rathi , Lim Haikel Muhammad Asyraf , Kua Ee Heok 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionStandardized patients are widely used in psychiatry teaching and examinations, but their effectiveness in teaching psychopathology and the Mental State Examination in particular has not been established. A mixed‐methods study was undertaken amongst fourth year medical students during a psychiatry rotation to explore the usefulness of learning the Mental State Examination with standardized patients compared with real patients.MethodsQualitative semistructured interviews (N = 10) were done to explore learning experiences with standardized patients. The Experience with Standardized Patients Scale was used (N = 200) for the quantitative assessment in relation to examination performance and learning experience.ResultsIn qualitative interviews, the common themes were that the experience with standardized patients was not natural and made it difficult to suspend disbelief, but students recognized the usefulness of standardized patients for practicing their skills. While there was no significant relationship between overall student experiences with standardized patients and their examination performance in the end‐of‐rotation Observed Standardized Clinical Examination (P = .40), the exception was with those who perceived they learnt more communication skills with standardized patients (P = .002). Students' experience with standardized patients role‐playing psychotic disorders was poorest compared with standardized patients role‐playing depressive and neurotic disorders. There were statistically significant differences in experiences between the three diagnostic groups.DiscussionStandardized patients are useful in psychiatry for students to practice and improve their skills in eliciting psychopathology. However, attention to the training and selection of these individuals for psychiatric roles are crucial.
Neutrophils develop rapid proinflammatory response after engulfing Hb-activated platelets under intravascular hemolysis
Authors: Bhasym A , Annarapu GK , Saha S , Shrimali N , Gupta S , Seth T , Guchhait P 
Published: May 2019

Summary
Neutrophils maintain immune homeostasis by engulfing apoptotic cells and debris. We describe the rapid activation of neutrophils after engulfing hemoglobin (Hb)-activated platelets, which are abundant in the circulation of hemolytic patients. Neutrophils from healthy individuals after engulfing Hb-activated platelets express elevated CD11b and secrete significant amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and elastase within 4-h platelets, but not with free-Hb only in vitro. These neutrophils exhibit early onset of apoptosis and cell death after engulfing Hb-activated platelets, but not with free-Hb only. Further, our data from mice with phenylhydrazine-induced intravascular hemolysis display a gradual decrease in total neutrophil count, but the number of activated neutrophils and neutrophil–platelet aggregates increases, along with the rise of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and MPO in circulation. Our data from paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients confirmed the observation of decreased total neutrophil counts, but elevated numbers of activated neutrophils, including neutrophil–platelet aggregates, in parallel with elevated expression of TNFA, IL1B and IL6 genes in neutrophils, also increased levels of these cytokines along with MPO in circulation, and this correlated directly with elevated intravascular hemolysis (high free-Hb in plasma). The patients’ neutrophils displayed significant localization of intracellular Hb and platelets, unlike the counterparts from healthy individuals. Together, therefore, our observations suggest that Hb-activated platelets, which are abundant in the circulation of patients with hemolytic disorders, including PNH, promotes early onset of neutrophil activation and increases their proinflammatory response and leads to early apoptosis and cell death.
Epithelial ovarian cancer risk: A review of the current genetic landscape
Authors: Flaum Nicola , Crosbie Emma J. , Edmondson Richard J. , Smith Miriam J. , Evans Dafydd G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractOvarian cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer‐related death in women in the developed world, and one of the most heritable cancers. One of the most significant risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. Combined risk factors can be used in models to stratify risk of EOC, and aid in decisions regarding risk‐reduction strategies. Germline pathogenic variants in EOC susceptibility genes including those involved in homologous recombination and mismatch repair pathways are present in approximately 22% to 25% of EOC. These genes are associated with an estimated lifetime risk of EOC of 13% to 60% for BRCA1 variants and 10% to 25% for BRCA2 variants, with lower risks associated with remaining genes. Genome‐wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) thought to explain an additional 6.4% of the familial risk of ovarian cancer, with 34 susceptibility loci identified to date. However, an unknown proportion of the genetic component of EOC risk remains unexplained. This review comprises an overview of individual genes and SNPs suspected to contribute to risk of EOC, and discusses use of a polygenic risk score to predict individual cancer risk more accurately.