bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
139 Assessment Criteria of Bentonite Binding Properties
Authors: Żymankowska-Kumon S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The criteria, with which one should be guided at the assessment of the binding properties of bentonites used for moulding sands, are proposed in the paper. Apart from the standard parameter which is the active bentonite content, the unrestrained growth indicator should be taken into account since it seems to be more adequate in the estimation of the sand compression strength. The investigations performed for three kinds of bentonites, applied in the Polish foundry plants, subjected to a high temperature influences indicate, that the pathway of changes of the unrestrained growth indicator is very similar to the pathway of changes of the sand compression strength. Instead, the character of changes of the montmorillonite content in the sand in dependence of the temperature is quite different. The sand exhibits the significant active bentonite content, and the sand compression strength decreases rapidly. The montmorillonite content in bentonite samples was determined by the modern copper complex method of triethylenetetraamine (Cu(II)-TET). Tests were performed for bentonites and for sands with those bentonites subjected to high temperatures influences in a range: 100-700°C.
Wczesna poezja Wata i Miłosza – w kręgu myśli i symboliki gnostyckiej
Authors: Sienkiewicz Barbara 
Published: May 2018

Summary
The interwar verse of Aleksander Wat and Czesław Miłosz provides us with ample proof that both poets came to share a pessimism about the future course of European civilization. That belief led them both to develop a sympathy with the political left and, at the same time, an interest in religion. The shift to the left, however, was arrested as soon it became clear to them that this worldview offered no solution to the problem of evil in the world. Nor were they satisfied with the traditional answer to the question unde malum? that could be found in European culture rooted in its Catholic heritage. Having reached that point both poets turned to Gnosticism, a system of thought to which the problem of metaphysical evil is absolutely central. It is that philosophy and its rich symbolism that supplied them with a number of motifs to express their vision of the decline and fall of civilization. The article traces and analyzes the Gnostic ideas, motifs, images and symbols that express and give shape to the pessimistic vision of both Wat and Miłosz. It also argues that their ‘iconoclastic’ attitude which manifests itself among others in polemical reinterpretations of Old Testament texts is a consequence of their fascination with the Gnostic worldview.
Polskie pisarstwo kobiet w wieku XX – projekt syntezy
Authors: Kraskowska Ewa 
Published: May 2018

Summary
This article deals with the methodological problems involved in constructing a history of women’s writing. It also presents an outline history of women’s writing in Poland and a review of the state of research in that field. Although women’s writing is an integral part of Polish literature, the author argues that its development is influenced by specific factors which determine the cultural and social condition of women in a given historical time. Consequently, the periodization of women’s writing should take into account criteria and divisions which do not always coincide with the customary reference points of the mainstream literary history. The author also compiles a list of some specific problems of the historiography of Polish women’s writing which require more focused attention on the part of researchers, ie. the phenomenon of the second-rank female writer, subgenres of women’s writing, and the work of female writers from the interwar period, who continued to write in the post-war Poland.
O Antygonie i „Antygonie” trochę inaczej
Authors: Bibik Barbara 
Published: May 2018

Summary
Probably no other classical tragedy has as firm a place in the Polish consciousness as Antigone. The educated public is familiar with some quotes and interpretations which have been put in circulation by the Polish translations of Sophocles’ drama. What do we really know, though, about the play and its main characters? Do we understand their words, attitudes, and behaviour well (as our understanding depends on the varying accuracy of the translations)? This article revisits and reexamines these entrenched interpretations; it looks again at words and metaphors in the original text with a view of finding a fresh perspective on that extraordinarily important and inspiring drama.
Obszary Ameryki w „Świetle dziennym” Czesława Miłosza
Authors: Jarzębski Jerzy 
Published: May 2018

Summary
Daylight has a special place in Miłosz’s poetic work: it is the first volume of poetry after his defection to the West, but it contains texts written during his first visit to the United States in the late 1940s. At that time he held a post at the Polish Embassy and looked at America from the other shore of ideology and personal experience. The article examines the author’s selection of poems for the successive editions of Daylight. The first, full edition of that volume is critical of both European nihilism and American primitivism (the latter refers to lack of concern about the horrors of war). In the following editions the poet’s perspective begins to change. The ‘American’ poems now foreground his experience of the continent’s natural landscape. Its primeval magnificence offers shelter and, through a sense of ecstatic communion with the sources of being, new strength. Likewise, the denunciation of European cynicism, which dominates the verse selected for the first edition, is later allowed to fade away. Eventually the experiences on both sides of the Atlantic are brought into balance. In the subsequent, slimmer editions of Daylight it is the ‘Song about china’ that represents the key tone of the volume. Although it may look slight, it manages to contrast the brutality of history and the vulnerability of an individual life with remarkable precision and poetic lightness. One clear stanza can take more weight / Than a whole wagon of elaborate prose.
Traktatowo i polemicznie -Witold Wirpsza wobec Czesława Miłosza
Authors: Pawelec Dariusz 
Published: May 2018

Summary
This article deals with the early reception of Czesław Miłosz’s A Moral Treatise (1948). Although it soon became a landmark with the literary cognoscenti, it was not particularly well understood. The fact that A Moral Treatise was much quoted but hardly ever subjected to a thorough interpretation indicates that its message was assumed to be practically too obvious for debate. Against this background of complacency, one of the few attempts at coming to grips with Miłosz’s work was Witold Wirpsza’s Polemical Treatise, published in the magazine Twórczość in May 1949. It was reprinted in his Polemics and Songs in 1951, and then in another volume of selected poems in 1956. These three editions of Wirpsza’s Treatise kept Miłosz’s absent text in the public eye and played the role of surrogate review. Later, when the political climate changed, Wirpsza’s text came up for severe criticism. However, as the article argues, unlike the numerous commentaries, glosses and appropriations of A Moral Treatise, Wirpsza’s polemical response to it, though firmly rooted in the social realist landscape of the day, is uniquely aware of the poetic merit of Miłosz’s work. Wirpsza’s versified, condensed interpretation of A Moral Treatise does convey its enigmatic nature and in this way helps us to understand why so many of the subsequent readings of that text proved more or less unsatisfactory.
The geovisualisation window of the temporal and spatial variability for Volunteered Geographic Information activities
Authors: Medynska-Gulij Beata , Myszczuk Miłosz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study presents an attempt to design geographical visualisation tools that allow to tackle the immensity of spatial data provided by Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI), both in terms of temporal and spatial aspects. In accordance with the assumptions made at the conceptual stage, the final action was the implementation of the window entitled ‘Geovisualisation of the Panoramio.com Activities in District of Poznan 2011’ into the web browser. The concept has been based on a division of the geovisualisation window into three panels, of which the most important - in order to capture spatial variability - have statistical maps at the general level (dot map and choropleth map), while at the detailed level - a dot map on a topographic reference map or tourist map. For two ranges, temporal variability is presented by graphs, while a review of attributes of individual activities of the social website in question is set forward in the table panel. The element that visually interlinks all of the panels is the emphasised individual activity.
Household Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Respiratory Health in School Age Children
Authors: Nikolić Maja , Stanković Aleksandra , Mladenović Ćirić Ivana 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARY
In the recent years the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been an important public health hazard, especially in Serbia, a country with too many smokers. A common component of tobacco smoke is particulate matter less than 10μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), which is considered to be the most dangerous air pollutant for health.
The aim of this paper was to investigate the association between respiratory symptoms and illnesses in schoolchildren in relation to their environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
We conducted an epidemiological study that included 708 participants (49.15 % male) aged 11-14 years from Niš, Serbia. The children were surveyed by original structured questionnaire, based on the instrument developed for similar investigations. Data about the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in the last 12-month period of life and lifetime prevalence of respiratory illnesses were obtained. The questionnaire also included items about other indoor environmental determinants. Tobacco smoke was the most prevalent source of indoor air pollution at children’s home (60.73%). We found a significant association between ETS exposure and increased prevalence of dyspnea, wheezing, bronchitis and asthma among children.
It is necessary to inform parents in Serbia on the health effects of ETS exposure during childhood and to encourage them to change smoking habits in order to protect their children from ETS exposure at home.
The Occurence of Ecological Traps in Bird Populations: Is our Knowledge Sufficient? A Review
Authors: Suvorov Petr , Svobodová Jana 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
Anthropogenic changes in a landscape create new cues for birds, which must permanently adapt to these. If landscape changes occur too quickly, individuals have insufficient time to develop adequate reactions. They may, therefore, preferentially nest in low-quality habitats, which can lead to diminished nesting success and to reduction of their population size. This is usually termed the ecological trap hypothesis. We reviewed 38 studies investigating this phenomenon and analysed whether relationships exist between ecological trap occurrence and geographical region, habitat type, and/or life strategies of bird species. Ecological traps were most often associated with the presence of exotic species. Exotic species can modify environmental conditions in ways to which native communities are not adapted. They have been mainly detected in open habitats. Such open habitats as arable fields and meadows are under greater human pressure, and rapid changes probably occur there more frequently. Although more studies from North America were investigated, the hypothesis was supported more frequently in European studies. This is possibly due to higher human population density and, hence, more frequent habitat changes. Our results show that an ecological trap is not likely associated with migration. Ground nests suffered fewer consequences of such traps than did other nest types. Although the implications of the ecological trap hypothesis in species conservation are undisputable, a more detailed approach is still needed. For instance, some habitat types, such as suburban areas, have been neglected in the context of ecological traps, as has been the phenomenon’s appearance in pristine habitats.
Secondary Iron Minerals Present in AMD Sediments from Smolník Abandoned Mine
Authors: Dakos Zuzana , Kupka Daniel , Kovařík Michal , Jablonovská Katarína , Krištúfek Václav , Achimovičová Marcela 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The genesis of acid mine drainage (AMD) is conditioned by existence of indigenous chemolithotrophic iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria, especially of genus Acidithiobacillus. The result of the oxidizing weathering of metal sulfides is a sequential formation of ochreous precipitates in drainage systems and in the surroundings of AMD seepage on the surface. The long-term monitoring of AMD waters collected at the shaft Pech that receives the majority of waters draining the flooded Smolník mine area point out the enduring contamination risk of particular components in the environment of Smolník mine area. Elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy of the ochreous precipitates formed from Smolník AMD stream revealed schwertmannite as the dominant solid phase in the precipitates. The chemical analysis of AMD effluents and the elemental composition of related sediments indicated considerable scavenging potential of the ochreous precipitates towards metal cations and oxyanions of arsenic and sulfate
Study of Ni And Cd Bioleaching from Spent Ni-Cd Batteries
Authors: Velgosová Oksana , Kaduková Jana , Marcinčáková Renáta 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In the present work the Ni and Cd extraction from the electrode material of spent Ni-Cd batteries by bioleaching using the bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was examined. The possibility of the use of the bacteria for both the Ni and Cd recovery was analyzed. The anode of Ni-Cd batteries contains Ni0, Ni(OH)2, Cd0 and Cd(OH)2. The cathode is covered by nickel hydroxides and nickel oxy-hydroxides. The pH values and content of Ni and Cd in the solution were monitored throughout the experiment (the initial pH was 1.5, the experiment took 28 days). The bioleaching efficiency of Ni and Cd from anode powder reached 5.5% and 98%, respectively. During the cathode powder bioleaching Ni and Cd efficiency reached 45% and 100%, respectively. Throughout the bioleaching process mainly the dissolution of hydroxides occurred meanwhile Ni0 leaching was not observed. The AAS analysis was used to analyze the amount of Ni and Cd in the solutions. The amount of Ni and Cd present in the solid samples before and after bioleaching was examined using X-ray analysis.
Biosorption of Copper, Zinc and Nickel From Multi-Ion Solutions
Authors: Kaduková Jana , Horváthová Hedviga 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The biosorption of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) by microscopic green algae Chlorella kessleri was investigated using batch experiments. Biosorption studies with single and multi ion solutions were carried out to study the effect of several ions on the biosorption of selected metal. The influence of zinc and nickel on copper biosorption, copper and nickel on zinc biosorption and zinc and copper on nickel biosorption were investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich model were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium of studied metals on Chlorella kessleri biomass. Based on the experimental results it was found that the presence of copper increased the biosorption capacity of zinc from 48.6 mg/g to 96.8 mg/g and nickel from 29.3 mg/g to 62.7 mg/g, respectively. However, the presence of nickel decreased the biosorption capacity of zinc from 48.6 mg/g to 31.7 mg/g.
Study of Precipitating Methods for Elimination of Heavy Metals from Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Luptáková Alena , Ubaldini Stefano , Mačingová Eva , Kotuličová Ingrida 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The submitted paper deals with the study of combination of chemical and biological-chemical methods for the heavy metals elimination from the acid mine drainage. The experiments were carried out at the laboratory scale using a synthetic solution with similar properties to the real sample of acid mine drainage, originating from the zinc mine located in Tùnel Kingsmill outflow of the Rio Yaulì (district of Yauli - Perù). The successive repetition of the metal precipitations as hydroxides (chemical method) and sulphides (biological-chemical method) at the various acid mine drainage pH was the basis of the examined processes. For the hydrogen sulphide production the sulphate-reducing bacteria of genus Desulfovibrio were used. Results confirmed the precipitation of Fe, As, Al and Mn in the hydroxide form; Cu and Zn in the form of sulphides. For the selective removal of Cu, Zn, Al and Mn the excellent results were received. Selective precipitation of Fe and As was not so successful since the co-precipitation of Fe and As was later determined as a main mechanism of the precipitate forming.
Simultaneous and Sequential Extraction Protocols as Tools for Determination of Zinc Bioavailability in Dried Anaerobic Sludge
Authors: Frišták Vladimír , Valovčiaková Michaela , Pipíška Martin , Augustín Jozef 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Production of unsettleable sewage sludge with high water content is one of the problems of intensification of industrial activities and environmental protection. Sewage sludge with low toxic metals concentrations can be utilized as fertilizer and soil conditioner in agriculture. For determination of metal bioavailability, a wide range of extraction protocols and fractionation analyses can be used. We studied the distribution and quantified the leaching and bioavailability of zinc from dried anaerobic sludge by simultaneous, multi-step and three different sequential extraction protocols. For determination of zinc, the galvanostatic stripping chronopotentiometry (SCP) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) were used. The distribution of Zn in sequential extraction protocols was determined using a fivestep chemical fractionation procedures (BCR, Tessier and Van Hullebusch protocols). The potential bioavailability (0.9% NaCl, 0.1 mol/dm3 HCl, 0.1 mol/dm3 HNO3, 0.1 mol/dm3 CH3COOH, 0.1 mol/dm3 Na2EDTA, 0.1 mol/dm3 CaCl2, 0.1 mol/dm3 MgCl2, 0.1 mol/dm3 (NH4)2C2O4.H2O extraction) and pseudo total (aqua regia extraction and ETAAS analyses) content of Zn in sludge was determined. The amount of aqua regia extractable zinc in sludge samples was 650 ± 12 mg/kg (d.w.). We found out that the zinc was extractable from anaerobic sludge in first hour of contact time for all tested agents. Zinc was extracted with highest efficiency by 0.1 mol/dm3 (NH4)2C2O4.H2O, 0.1 mol/dm3 HCl and 0.1 mol/dm3 Na2EDTA. Sequential extraction protocols showed that the maximum extractable amount of zinc 126.3 ± 2.6 mg Zn / kg d.w. was bound to organic matter and sulfides. High concentrations of zinc in residual fractions were leachable under extraction conditions of strong acids only.
Effects of physical therapy in patients with sciatica
Authors: Adriana Clipa , Nicoleta Moisa Magdalena 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with sciatica treated in the Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital of Eforie Nord in the interval of time March 2012-July 2012. The study has been done on a group of 27 patients from which 18 (67%) were male and 9 (33%) were female with an age range of 28-67 years (mean age 48.8 years). The goals of rehabilitation include pain relief, increased mobility for dorsal and lumbar spine and prevention of relapses.
APLIKASI HISTOGRAM UNTUK ANALISIS VARIABILITAS TEMPORAL DAN SPASIAL HUJAN BULANAN: STUDI DI WILAYAH UPT PSDA DI PASURUAN JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Ash Shiddiq Dimas Ghufron , Indarto Indarto , Wahyuningsih Sri , Askin Askin 
Published: May 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variabilitas hujan bulanan di wilayah UPT PSDA di Pasuruan. Wilayah studi mencakup kabupaten Probolinggo, Kota Probolinggo, Kabupaten Pasuruan dan Kota Pasuruan di Jawa Timur. Data hujan harian dari 93 stasiun, dengan panjang rekaman data dari tahun 1980 sampai dengan 2015 digunakan sebagai input utama. Tahap penelitian mencakup: (1) pra-pengolahan data, (2) analisis variabilitas temporal, (3) Analisis variabilitas spasial, (4) interpolasi dan pembuatan peta tematik dan (5) interpretasi. Data hujan bulanan diperoleh dari penjumlahan hujan harian. Pra-pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan excel. Data hujan bulanan ditabulasi selama 35 tahun periode rekaman data. Selanjutnya, metode interpolasi IDW digunakan untuk membuat berbagai peta tematik hujan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan deskripsi variabilitas spasial dan temporal hujan per sub-wilayah dan berbagai peta tematik terkait dengan karakteristik spasial hujan di wilayah tersebut. Hujan bulanan rerata di wilayah tersebut 152 mm/bulan. Hujan bulanan maksimum 798 mm per bulan.
PENGARUH PUPUK HAYATI DAN DOSIS AZOTOBACTER SP. DALAM FITOREMEDIASI MENGGUNAKAN TANAMAN RAMI (BOEHMERIA NIVEA L. GAUD) PADA TANAH TERCEMAR HIDROKARBON MINYAK BUMI
Authors: Pratiwi Gea Anggun , Herdiyantoro Diyan , Suryatmana Pudjawati 
Published: May 2018

Phytoremediation in soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbon is a technology to remediate contaminant using plant as nutrient availability facilitator for degrading microbials in the rhizosphere. Phytoremediation can be promoted by biofertilizers containing nitrogen fixer, phosphate solubilizer, and mychorrizal for improving soil fertility, also Azotobacter sp. which produces biosurfactant. The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of biofertilizers and doses of Azotobacter sp. on enhancing of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation efficiency, nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria population, and total chlorophyll content in ramie leaves. This research was carried out from September 2016 to April 2017 at Laboratory of Soil Biology, Laboratory of Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition, also Greenhouse and Field Station Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Padjadjaran. This research used factorial randomized complete block design with two factors consisted of biofertilizers (control, nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing fungi, mychorrizal, and biofertilizer consortium) and doses of Azotobacter sp. (control, 1%, and 2%). The results of experiment showed there was an interaction effect between biofertilizer of phosphate solubilizing fungi and 2% dose of Azotobacter sp. on the enhancement of total chlorophyll content in ramie leaves.