bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of In Vitro Lytic Characteristics of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Erythrocytes in Normal Erythrocytes
Authors: KANN HERBERT E. , MENGEL CHARLES E. , MERIWETHER WILHELM D. , EBBERT LARRY 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The concept that production of a "perfect" PNH RBC, artificially, might supply information as to the nature of the defect(s) in PNH RBCs was the basis for a study in which normal RBCs were studied after preincubation in concentrated, alkaline solutions of reduced glutathione. These RBCs exhibited the following features of PNH RBCs.
1. Sensitivity to lysis by acidified serum
a. pH optimum identical to that of PNH RBCs
b. complete prevention by prior heating of serum to 56° C for 30 minutes
c. complete prevention by addition of dextran to serum
d. complete prevention by removal of magnesium ion from serum, reversed by re-addition of magnesium ion to serum
2. Positive thrombin lysis test.
3. Positive sucrose lysis test.
4. No agglutination in type-compatible serum.
5. No greater than normal agglutination in serum containing isoantibodies or elevated titers of cold agglutinins, but marked enhancement of lytic sensitivity to these antibodies, identical to that achieved with "natural" PNH cells.
6. Positive Hegglin-Maier test.
7. Decreased acetylcholinesterase activity.
8. Increased lysis and lipid peroxide formation during incubation with hydrogen peroxide.
The broad scope of these similarities permits cautious speculation that some biochemical feature(s) of PNH RBCs may have been produced in normal RBCs, artificially. The mechanism by which reduced glutathione produces the change is uncertain, but may involve either oxidation of membrane lipid or splitting of membrane protein disulfide bonds, or both.
Oxymetholone Therapy in Aplastic Anemia
Authors: ALLEN DONALD M. , FINE MORRIS H. , NECHELES THOMAS F. , DAMESHEK WILLIAM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four consecutive children with acquired aplastic anemia, including one refractory to prolonged testosterone treatment, have responded to the synthetic anabolic drug oxymetholone. Three of these four are now off all medication and have remained well for eighteen to twenty-four months. A fifth child, with constitutional aplastic anemia refractory to testosterone therapy, has also improved while on oxymetholone. Mild virilization was the only side effect noted. Significant improvement in peripheral blood was noted in all five children during the second and third month of treatment. Oxymetholone appears to be a potent bone marrow stimulant.
Anti-γ Globulin Antibodies After Open Heart Surgery
Authors: PRETTY HARRY M. , FUDENBERG H. HUGH , PERKINS HERBERT A. , GERBODE FRANK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sera obtained from one hundred patients before and after open heart surgery and concomitant transfusion were tested for anti-γ globulin, antileukocyte, and antiplatelet antibodies. The sera of 34 patients contained anti-γ globulin antibodies of one or another variety for the first time after the operation. Of eight additional patients who were seropositive before the operation, seven developed anti-γ globulin antibodies of different specificity postoperatively. Gm-specific antibodies were detected after the operation in 14 patients, Gm antibodies of unknown specificity in nine, and anti-antibodies in 18. The anti-antibodies were of the Andressen type in 17 cases and of the Milgrom type in one. Leukoagglutinins were detected postoperatively in 33 patients, and platelet antibodies in three.
Possible explanations for the high incidence of anti-γ globulin antibodies found in this study include (1) the transfusion of many units of blood during a single surgical procedure, (2) an increase in the antigenicity of the gamma globulins due to aggregation or to changes in molecular configuration during extracorporeal circulation, and (3) an optimal interval between antigenic stimulation and collection of blood for testing.
Preliminary Report: Complement-Fixing Antivirus Antibodies in Patients with Leukemia
Authors: MCBEATH SHEILA , HARNDEN D. G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The sera from 100 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia or acute leukemia and from 100 matched controls were screened for antibodies against a number of common viral and rickettsial antigens. No over-all depression of immune response to these antigens was noted. For 12 out of 13 antigens, there was good correspondence between patients and controls but a deficiency of leukemic patients with antibodies against adenovirus, though not formally significant, seems worthy of further study.
Effects of Heat on Platelet Structure and Function
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The destructive effect of heat on platelet function was established by early investigators. Warming platelets to temperatures above 42 C. was found to destroy their clot-retracting capacity. In the present study, electron microscopic observation has been correlated with tests of platelet function to determine the basis of the damaging effect of heat on platelet physiology. Platelets exposed to temperatures above 42 C. for brief periods lose their discoid shape and become irregularly swollen. The granules of heated platelets are transported to the cell centers where they fuse together. Heat-altered platelets do not aggregate in response to ADP or thrombin and will not retract clots.
Polyploidy and Maturation of Rat Megakaryocytes
Authors: Odell T. T. , Jackson C. W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Polypliidy and Maturation of Rat Megakaryocytes, by O’Dell and Jackson (Blood 32: No. 1, July, 102-110, 1968), there appeared two typographical errors. Page 103, line 10 should read "The smears were air-dried for at least one hour and then fixed in Carnoy’s fixative (6 parts absolute ethanol: 3 parts chloroform: 1 part glacial acetic acid) for 45 min." Page 108, Table 3, the second row of figures, horizontally, should read "8, 39, 22, 12, 3."
Atypical Autohemolysis in Hereditary Spherocytosis as a Reflection of Two Cell Populations: Relationship of Cell Lipids to Conditioning by the Spleen
Authors: LANGLEY G. R. , FELDERHOF C. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two patients with hereditary spherocytosis had increased autohemolysis not corrected by supplementary glucose, while an affected son of the second patient had a typical autohemolytic response with glucose. Almost one half of the circulating red cells in both patients had markedly increased osmotic fragility. When these were eliminated in vitro, by selective osmotic hemolysis, or in vivo by splenectomy, the autohemolysis response was corrected by glucose. The loss of this large population of extremely fragile cells after splenectomy suggested they were the product of conditioning by the spleen.
In addition to having decreased osmotic resistance, an autohemolysis not corrected by glucose, and a short in vivo survival, these conditioned cells were smaller and had a considerable decrease in cell lipid. After splenectomy, with the loss of the most fragile cell population, cell size and lipid content increased. However in spite of no decrease in cell lipid after splenectomy, osmotic fragility remained abnormal. Increased osmotic fragility may be one of the earliest manifestations of a membrane abnormality in hereditary spherocytosis.
Brief Report: Cloning of Syngeneic Hematopoietic Cells in the Spleens of Mice and Rats Pretreated with Cytotoxic Drugs
Authors: SANTOS GEORGE W. , HAGHSHENASS MANSOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A method is described for the quantitative cloning of syngeneic hematopoietic cells in the spleens of mice or rats pretreated with a combination of cyclophosphamide and busulfan. A linear relationship was demonstrated between the number of nucleated cells injected and the number of macroscopically visible surface spleen colonies counted 7 days later.
Six types of spleen colonies were encountered: megakaryocyte, granulocyte, erythrocyte, erythrocyte variant, mixed and undifferentiated. When compared to the mouse the rat showed an earlier differentiation of cells as well as a decrease in the percentage of megakaryocyte colonies.
This technic produces results, as far as cloning efficiency and morphology of spleen colonies are concerned, similar to those described in the mouse and rat following X-irradiation. The major advantage of the method is its independence from the requirements of x-ray facilities.
Platelet Function in Classic (AHF-Deficiency) Hemophilia: Report of a Case with Defective Platelet Function
Authors: CALL KEREN E. , MULL MARILYN M. , HATHAWAY WILLIAM E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with classic hemophilia (AHF-deficiency) who demonstrated an acquired platelet functional and bleeding time defect concurrently with an AHF inhibitor is described. Possible etiologies for the platelet defect have been proposed and their role in this patient evaluated. Platelet function studies on six other patients with hemophilia A were normal with the exception of defective platelet adhesion to glass in a patient who had been recently transfused.
The combined platelet functional defect and AHF inhibitor found in our patient may be more common than is generally realized. We suggest that any hemophiliac who fails to respond to conventional transfusion therapy should be investigated for both abnormalities.
Relative Affinity of Human Fetal Hemoglobin for Carbon Monoxide and Oxygen
Authors: ENGEL ROLF R. , RODKEY F. LEE , O’NEAL JOHN D. , COLLISON HAROLD A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human placental blood has a lower relative affinity for CO than adult blood. By correcting for the fraction of hemoglobin A in placental blood it was calculated that hemoglobin F has a relative affinity constant of 172 ± 12 which is approximately 20 per cent less than the K of hemoglobin A.
Oxygen and Carbon Monoxide Equilibria of Human Adult Hemoglobin at Atmospheric and Elevated Pressure
Authors: RODKEY F. LEE , O’NEAL JOHN D. , COLLISON HAROLD A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Adult human hemoglobin has been shown to have an affinity for carbon monoxide 218 times that for oxygen at 37°. There is no change in the relative affinity between pH 6.8 and 8.8. The same value was obtained with whole blood and with concentrated undialyzed hemoglobin solutions. Measurements made at atmospheric pressure were identical with those at increased total pressure up to 21.4 atmospheres absolute. Substitution of helium for nitrogen as inert gas did not alter the value. The relative affinity constant K is increased by 2 per cent by a decrease in temperature of 1° C.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
Authors: FINCH STUART C. , HOSHINO TAKASHI , ITOGA TAKASHI , ICHIMARU MICHITO , INGRAM ROLAND H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Hiroshima and Nagasaki chronic lymphocytic leukemia is rare in comparison to the United States. No patient with this disorder was identified among the residents of Hiroshima City during a 20 year period of study. The incidence of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Nagasaki City, however, was similar to that for all Japan. There is no evidence that the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in these cities was related to exposure to the atomic detonations of 1945.
Immuno-Electronmicroscopic Studies of Surface Antigens of Blood Elements
Authors: TONIETTI GIORGIO , ANDRES GIUSEPPE A. , ACCINNI LIDIA , PURPURA MARIA , HSU KONRAD C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tagging, by means of the immunoferritin technic, of autoantibody on the erythrocytes of a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and on cells from a panel of blood of normal individuals of blood group O which have been incubated either with the patient’s serum or eluate from his cells, is described. It was found that: 1) Ferritin-labeled antibody to human IgG was localized on the surface of the patient’s erythrocytes at fairly even intervals. 2) Ferritin-labeled antibody to human IgM, β1C, rat globulin or pure ferritin alone was not bound to the patient’s cells. 3) None of the ferritin-conjugates mentioned in 1) or 2) or pure ferritin was bound to red cells from normal individuals represented in the panel. 4) Only ferritin-conjugated antibody to human IgG was localized, in a similar pattern, on the surface of the normal red cells which had been incubated either with the patient’s serum or the eluate from his cells, whereas none of the conjugates in 2) or pure ferritin was bound to these treated cells.
Treatment of Children with Acute Leukemia by Passive Cyclic Immunization with Autoplasma and Autoleukocytes Operated During the Remission Period
Authors: SKURKOVICH S. V. , MAKHONOVA L. A. , REZNICHENKO F. M. , CHERVONSKIY G. I. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The original premise of the recent study is the assumption that under usual conditions, the patient with acute leukemia is immunologically tolerant to his own leukemogenic agent. The antigenic specificity of the leukemogenic factor may change under the influence of drugs (6-mercaptopurine), thus bringing about the possibility of antigenic stimulation. In connection with this it is suggested that the onset of remission in acute leukemia occurs with the participation of humoral and cellular immunologic mechanisms.
We have demonstrated that during remission of acute leukemia, the use of cyclic passive immunization with autoplasma and autoleukocytes obtained at earlier stages of the first complete remission leads to a considerable prolongation of the remission periods.
Administration of plasma and leukocytes (obtained in the remission period) upon the onset of the acute phase is accompanied in some cases by a short-term effect which manifests itself in the improvement of subjective well-feeling, decreased pain, reduced size of lymph nodes, liver and spleen, and in reduction of the "blast" content of the bone marrow. Intracutaneous injection in the remission period of the extract from bone marrow and leukocytes obtained from patients in the acute phase of leukemia produces a positive skin reaction.
Effect on Blood Coagulation of Massive Intravascular Haemolysis
Authors: MANNUCCI P. M. , LOBINA G. F. , CAOCCI L. , DIOGUARDI N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study was carried out on twenty-eight Sardinian subjects undergoing massive intravascular hemolysis after ingestion or inhalation of fava beans. The patients were all deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase but otherwise hematologically normal when investigated after the acute hemolytic episode.
Prothrombin time, thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were found to be shortened in the days following the hemolytic crisis. Marked increase of factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) and fibrinogen was also observed, together with a less pronounced rise of factor V. The other clotting factors were within the normal range, and fibrinogen degradation products were not present in serum. The observed rise was found to be generally proportional to the degree of red cell destruction. Progressive normalization of the abnormal parameters followed the recovery from acute hemolysis. These observations are discussed in relation to previous findings and to the occurrence of intravascular coagulation following massive red cell destruction.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Terminating in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
Authors: JENKINS DAVID E. , HARTMANN ROBERT C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 34 year old white female with documented PNH developed acute myeloblastic leukemia. The details of this patient’s clinical course are presented. Two similar cases are described in the same issue of this journal. The significance of these cases with respect to the potential role of marrow injury in the pathogenesis of PNH is discussed.
Infectious Mononucleosis: In Vitro Evidence for Limited Lymphoproliferation
Authors: GLADE PHILIP R. , HIRSHAUT YASHAR , STITES DANIEL P. , CHESSIN LAWRENCE N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The persistence of circulating leukocytes with potential for long-term in vitro proliferation was investigated in patients with heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis. The ability to isolate long-term suspension cultures from peripheral blood with selective technics was a transient phenomenon for each patient studied, disappearing with a return of clinical and laboratory parameters toward the normal state. There was no close correlation between the ability to isolate cell lines and clinical, morphologic, biosynthetic or serologic manifestations of disease.
Meningeal Involvement as First Manifestation of Acute Myeloblastic Transformation in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: KWAAN HAU C. , PIERRE ROBERT V. , LONG DEWEY L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia is presented with documented central nervous system myeloblastic transformation, while in hematologic remission. This transformation was confirmed by the demonstration of myeloblasts with the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome in the cerebrospinal fluid. The course of his illness was unusual in that the initial single manifestation of the acute myeloblastic transformation was an acute meningeal leukemia. Intrathecal Methotrexate treatment resulted in a remission for three months, following which general systemic involvement by acute myeloblastic leukemia ocurred.
Traumatic Hemolysis with Hemoglobinuria Due to Ball Variance
Authors: EYSTER ELAINE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with an aortic ball valve prosthesis who had traumatic hemolysis, hemoglobinuria and iron deficiency secondary to ball variance has been reported. Hemolysis and urinary iron loss decreased when activity was restricted. A diurnal pattern of urinary iron excretion was observed. This was reversed when the patient was placed on bed rest during the day and ambulated at night. Hemolysis ceased and urinary iron loss slowly subsided after outflow tract obstruction was corrected by replacement of the swollen poppet.
Atypical Immunologic Tolerance in a Human Blood Group Chimera
Authors: STURGEON PHILLIP , MCQUISTON DOROTHY T. , SPARKES ROBERT , SOLOMON JOEL , BARNETT EUGENE V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A blood specimen from a normal male donor was found to have both type A1, MNS and O, Ns cells. Gross physical examination, chromosome analysis, bilateral dermatoglyphic comparisons, blood grouping and secretor studies lead to the conclusion that interfetal transplantation of erythropoietic tissue is the most likely basis for the state of blood chimerism in this individual. Unlike other well-documented examples of human blood group chimerism there is no co-twin. However, a strong history of twinning in the family, a pair of fraternal twins among the sibs and a neonatal history of low birth weight but full maturity indicates that the individual may have been a twin. It is postulated that a co-twin died and was absorbed in early fetal life.
Another unusual feature of the case is the persistence of anti-A isoagglutinins in the type O host despite the A1 transplant. The isoagglutinin reacts at body temperatures with the product in another sib of the A gene responsible for the transplanted A antigen. There is γ-globulin, predominantly γM, on the transplanted cell surfaces, but there is no evidence of accelerated blood production or destruction. Quantitative studies of the transplanted A antigen reveals it to be greatly reduced in potency but qualitatively of type A1; its H is possibly enhanced and qualitatively like that of type O.
Because of the contradictory immunologic features in this case, consideration is given to unusual mechanisms of tolerance which might permit a transplant to survive in the presence of specific antibody. The favored hypothesis is that multivalent binding of iso-antibody molecules to multiple antigenic sites on single red cells is involved. This type of complexing could account for the reduction in antigen strength yet normal red cell survival. The data presented are also consistent with the possibility of biochemical modification of the transplant cell’s antigens. This is indicated not only by attenuation of its A antigen but also by suggestive augmentation of its H antigen. Considerations are given to how such modification could be mediated serologically by host antibody.
To date, central inhibition of erythrocyte isoagglutinin production has been the implied mechanism responsible for transplant compatibility in cases of both bovine and human blood group chimerism. Nevertheless, in this case, whatever the mechanism might be, central inhibition of antibody to at least one of the transplant’s antigens is not operating. Therefore, human blood group chimerism may be achieved by means other than that of classic immunologic tolerance; otherwise A B O antigens would have to be considered as other than transplant antigens.
Virus Induced Aplastic Crisis in Mice
Authors: FIKRIG SENIH M. , BERKOVICH SUMNER 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Following infection with Coxsackie B4 virus, 2 inbred strains of mice, NZB/B1 with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and CBA/T6 without hematologic disorder, developed changes in peripheral blood and in bone marrow similar to those described in aplastic crisis in man. A marked decrease or complete disappearance of reticulocytes from the peripheral blood was associated with a decrease in the total number of red cell precursors in the bone marrow. Both findings were temporary; recovery was spontaneous. The hematologic findings were independent of both age and sex in the CBA/T6 animals. By contrast, in the NZB/B1 strain only females between the ages of 4-8 months developed hematologic abnormalities.
The etiologic relationship that has been established between Coxsackie B4 virus infection and aplastic crisis in the test mice suggests that viral agents may play an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of aplastic crisis in man.
Studies on Human Platelet Proteins II. Effect of Thrombin
Authors: GANGULY P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The properties of proteins from blood platelets soluble in 0.2 M tris-HCl, pH 8.2 have been studied and more than one thrombin-sensitive protein detected by gel electrophoresis. The most prominent effect of thrombin is on a protein migrating in the beta-globulin region which shows a diminution in amount and a change in the electrophoretic mobility. This protein has been partially purified. The protein fails to produce a precipitin line against anti-whole serum on immunoelectrophoresis or against anti-fibrinogen in starch gel immunoelectrophoresis. It does not contain fibrin-stabilizing factor, factor V or platelet factor III.
Effect of Altitude on Erythropoiesis
Authors: FAURA JOSE , RAMOS JOSE , REYNAFARJE CESAR , ENGLISH EUGENIA , FINNE PER , FINCH CLEMENT A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Measurements were made to characterize the relationship between erythropoietin output and erythropoiesis in two groups of subjects, one moved from a sea level habitat to high altitude, and the second moved from a high altitude habitat to sea level. In the first group, there was a latent period of 6 hours followed by a rapid increase in erythropoietin, and a secondary fall to a level of approximately twice normal. The increased erythropoietin stimulus was also reflected in a shortened marrow radioiron transit time. In the second group, there was an initial unexplained rise, after which erythropoietin fell within 8 hours to undetectable amounts.
Elevated erythropoietin was associated in Group I with an increased iron uptake within 24 hours of the stimulus, suggesting a direct action of erythropoietin on hemoglobin synthesis by the existing marrow population. Limitation in erythropoiesis to a rate of less than twice normal was tentatively explained by a restricted iron supply. In the second group, marrow activity continued for 3 days despite a marked fall in erythropoietin, indicating that cells in the maturation phase completed their normal development.