bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HDAC6 depletion improves cystic fibrosis mouse airway responses to bacterial challenge
Authors: Rosenjack Julie , Hodges Craig A. , Darrah Rebecca J. , Kelley Thomas J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe hypothesis of this study was that Hdac6 depletion would restore cystic fibrosis (CF) responses to bacterial challenge to more wild type profiles using a CF mouse model. CF mice harboring the F508del Cftr mutation respond to bacterial challenge with 25,000 CFU Pseudomonas aeruginosa embedded into agarose beads to slow clearance. CF mice respond significantly more aggressively to this challenge compared to WT mice with respect to bacterial clearance, weight loss, neutrophil recruitment, and MIP-2 production. Depletion of Hdac6 expression in the CF mice (CF/Hdac6) significantly improves these responses to more WT levels. Weight loss in response to infection is most severe in CF mice and significantly attenuated in CF/Hdac6 mice. Bacterial levels are reduced at a faster rate in CF/Hdac6 mice compared to CF mice where infection persists. Percent neutrophils in lung lavage fluid post-infection are significantly higher in CF mice, but returned to WT levels with CF/Hdac6 mice. Similarly, CF Mip-2 levels are restored to WT levels in the absence of Hdac6 expression. These data demonstrate that Hdac6 depletion restores CF responses to bacterial challenge to WT-like profiles and offer a potential therapeutic avenue for addressing inflammation and infection in CF airways independently of Cftr correction.
Herbivore range expansion triggers adaptation in a subsequently-associated third trophic level species and shared microbial symbionts
Authors: Ke Fushi , You Shijun , Huang Sumei , Chen Weijun , Liu Tiansheng , He Weiyi , Xie Dandan , Li Qiang , Lin Xijian , Vasseur Liette , Gurr Geoff M. , You Minsheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInvasive species may change the life history strategies, distribution, genetic configuration and trophic interactions of native species. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., is an invasive herbivore attacking cultivated and wild brassica plants worldwide. Here we present phylogeographic analyses of P. xylostella and one of its major parasitoids, Cotesia vestalis, using mitochondrial markers, revealing the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of these two species. We find evidence that C. vestalis originated in Southwest China, then adapted to P. xylostella as a new host by ecological sorting as P. xylostella expanded its geographic range into this region. Associated with the expansion of P. xylostella, Wolbachia symbionts were introduced into local populations of the parasitoid through horizontal transfer from its newly associated host. Insights into the evolutionary history and phylogeographic system of the herbivore and its parasitoid provide an important basis for better understanding the impacts of biological invasion on genetic configuration of local species.
Verification of Charge Transfer in Metal-Insulator-Oxide Semiconductor Diodes via Defect Engineering of Insulator
Authors: Lee Donggun , Park Jun-Woo , Cho Nam-Kwang , Lee Jinwon , Kim Youn Sang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn a MIS (Metal/Insulator/Semiconductor) structure consisting of two terminals, a systematic analysis of the electrical charge transport mechanism through an insulator is essential for advanced electronic application devices such as next-generation memories based on resistance differences. Herein, we have verified the charge transfer phenomenon in MIOS (Metal/Insulator/Oxide Semiconductor) diodes through a defect engineering of the insulator. By selectively generating the oxygen vacancies in the insulator (Al2O3), the MIOS diode rectification of the P++-Si anode/Al2O3/IGZO cathode reached 107 at 1.8 V and considerably suppressed the leakage current. Studying the current-voltage characteristics of MIOS diodes shows that the charge carrier transport mechanism can vary depending on the defect density as well as the difference between the CBM (conduction band minimum) of the semiconductor and the oxygen vacancy energy level of the insulator.
Atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA expression is regulated by histone deacetylase 1 in rat soleus muscle under hindlimb unloading
Authors: Mochalova Ekaterina P. , Belova Svetlana P. , Mirzoev Timur M. , Shenkman Boris S. , Nemirovskaya Tatiana L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is known that MuRF-1 and atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA expression is increased in rat soleus muscle under unloading conditions. We aimed to determine the role of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in the activation of MuRF-1 and MAFbx expression in rat soleus muscle at the early stage of hindlimb suspension (HS). To this end, male Wistar rats (195–215 g) were divided into 3 groups (n = 8/group): control (C), 3-day HS (HS) and 3-day HS + HDAC1 inhibitor CI-994 (1 mg/kg/day) (HS + CI). Protein content and mRNA expression levels of regulatory molecules were determined by Western-blotting and RT-PCR. CI-994 treatment prevented HS-induced increase in HDAC1 nuclear content. As expected, 3-day HS induced a significant upregulation in MAFbx, MuRF-1 and ubiquitin. CI-994 administration resulted in an attenuation of HS-mediated increase in MAFbx and ubiquitin expression levels but did not affect MuRF-1 expression. A decrease in histone acetyltransferase p300 nuclear content in the HS group was prevented by CI-994 administration. There were no significant differences in the content of phosphorylated anabolic signaling molecules between HS group and HS + CI group. Thus, inhibition of HDAC1 prevented a HS-mediated increase in MAFbx and ubiquitin expression, but did not affect MuRF-1 gene expression.
Arterial tissue transcriptional profiles associate with tissue remodeling and cardiovascular phenotype in children with end-stage kidney disease
Authors: Freise Christian , Schaefer Betti , Bartosova Maria , Bayazit Aysun , Bauer Ulrike , Pickardt Thomas , Berger Felix , Rasmussen Lars Melholt , Jensen Pia Søndergaard , Laube Guido , Mencarelli Francesca , Arbeiter Klaus , Büscher Rainer , Habbig Sandra , Möller Kristina , Kirchner Marietta , Schaefer Franz , Schmitt Claus Peter , Querfeld Uwe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) greatly increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, molecular mechanisms underlying CKD-induced arterial remodeling are largely unknown. We performed a systematic analysis of arterial biopsies from children with stage 5 predialysis CKD participating in the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease (4 C) study. For comparison, we studied biopsies from children without CKD, coronary bypass vessels from adults with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease without CKD and aortic sections of subtotally nephrectomized rats. In pediatric CKD patients, gene expression was correlated to the cardiovascular phenotype assessed by surrogate end-points. The arterial calcium content correlated with the intima-media thickness (IMT) of biopsied vessels from pediatric CKD patients, was markedly increased compared to biopsies from children without CKD and comparable to adult coronary bypass patients. Significant transcriptional changes included ECM components, pro-calcifying factors, and physiological calcification inhibitors; most were highly accordant with changes observed in adults with atherosclerosis and in uremic rats. Individual gene expression levels were significantly associated with the left ventricular mass index and carotid intima media thickness. Thus, inflammatory processes (TNF, IL-10), calcification inhibitors (CA2), the Wnt-pathway (FGF-2) and foremost, ECM components (HMGA1, VNN1, VCAN), impact pathobiological responses in arteries from children with CKD.
A biochemical comparison of fungal GH6 cellobiohydrolases
Authors: Christensen Stefan Jarl , Krogh Kristian Bertel Rømer Mørkeberg , Spodsberg Nikolaj , Borch Kim , Westh Peter 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) from glycoside hydrolase family 6 (GH6) make up an important part of the secretome in many cellulolytic fungi. They are also of technical interest, particularly because they are part of the enzyme cocktails that are used for the industrial breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass. Nevertheless, functional studies of GH6 CBHs are scarce and focused on a few model enzymes. To elucidate functional breadth among GH6 CBHs, we conducted a comparative biochemical study of seven GH6 CBHs originating from fungi living in different habitats, in addition to one enzyme variant. The enzyme sequences were investigated by phylogenetic analyses to ensure that they were not closely related phylogenetically. The selected enzymes were all heterologously expressed in Aspergillus oryzae, purified and thoroughly characterized biochemically. This approach allowed direct comparisons of functional data, and the results revealed substantial variability. For example, the adsorption capacity on cellulose spanned two orders of magnitude and kinetic parameters, derived from two independent steady-state methods also varied significantly. While the different functional parameters covered wide ranges, they were not independent since they changed in parallel between two poles. One pole was characterized by strong substrate interactions, high adsorption capacity and low turnover number while the other showed weak substrate interactions, poor adsorption and high turnover. The investigated enzymes essentially defined a continuum between these two opposites, and this scaling of functional parameters raises interesting questions regarding functional plasticity and evolution of GH6 CBHs.
The CEMP star SDSS J0222–0313: the first evidence of proton ingestion in very low-metallicity AGB stars?
Authors: Caffau E. , Monaco L. , Bonifacio P. , Korotin S. , Andrievsky S. , Cristallo S. , Spite M. , Spite F. , Sbordone L. , François P. , Cescutti G. , Salvadori S. 
Published: July 2019

Context. Carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars are common objects in the metal-poor regime. The lower the metallicity we look at, the larger the fraction of CEMP stars with respect to metal-poor stars with no enhancement in carbon. The chemical pattern of CEMP stars is diversified, strongly suggesting a different origin of the C enhancement in the different types of CEMP stars.
Aims. We selected a CEMP star, SDSS J0222–0313, with a known high carbon abundance and, from a low-resolution analysis, a strong enhancement in neutron-capture elements of the first peak (Sr and Y) and of the second peak (Ba). The peculiarity of this object is a greater overabundance (with respect to iron) of the first s-process peak than the second s-process peak.
Methods. We analysed a high-resolution spectrum obtained with the Mike spectrograph at the Clay Magellan 6.5 m telescope in order to derive the detailed chemical composition of this star.
Results. We confirmed the chemical pattern we expected; we derived abundances for a total of 18 elements and significant upper limits.
Conclusions. We conclude that this star is a carbon-enhanced metal-poor star enriched in elements produced by s-process (CEMP-s), whose enhancement in heavy elements is due to mass transfer from the more evolved companion in its asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. The abundances imply that the evolved companion had a low main sequence mass and it suggests that it experienced a proton ingestion episode at the beginning of its AGB phase.
Betulin aus der Birkenrinde für die Haut
Authors: Scheffler A. 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDer pflanzliche Wirkstoff Triterpentrockenextrakt (Betulin) aus der Birkenrinde wurde durch 2 weltweit patentierte Erfindungen, die „Betulin-Emulsion“ und das „Betulin-Oleogel“, für die Anwendung an der Haut erschlossen. Die tensidfreie Betulin-Emulsion führte zur Entwicklung der Kosmetikserie Imlan. Systematische kosmetische Studien zeigten eine Schutzwirkung von Imlan gegen den irritierenden Effekt von starken Tensiden, die als Emulgatoren oder Schaumbildner Verwendung fanden und finden, wie z. B. Natriumdodecylsulfat.Das wasserfreie Betulin-Oleogel wurde zum Arzneimittel Episalvan mit dem klinischen Nachweis der beschleunigten Wundheilung entwickelt. Im Januar 2016 erfolgte die zentrale europäische Zulassung für das Arzneimittel.
Pflanzliche Ceramide zur kosmetischen Anwendung
Authors: Tessema E. N. , Neubert R. H. H. , Wohlrab J. 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Bedeutung von Ceramiden als aktive Inhaltstoffe in kosmetischen Präparaten hat in den letzten Jahren erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Im dermatologischen Kontext werden Ceramide meist in Kombination mit anderen Lipiden sowie weiteren kosmetischen Wirkstoffen in Präparaten zur Barriereprotektion und -regeneration bei chronisch-entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen bzw. bei Diabetes mellitus oder Altershaut eingesetzt. Da die Herstellung von synthetischen Ceramiden sehr kostenintensiv ist, kann die Verwendung von pflanzlichen Ceramiden mit vergleichbaren physikochemischen Eigenschaften eine Alternative darstellen. Neuere Verfahren ermöglichen die Glykosylierung dieser aus Pflanzenextrakten isolierten Ceramide und deren Einsatz in kosmetischen Zubereitungen. Weitere Untersuchungen müssen klären, ob sich glykosylierte pflanzliche Ceramide in die natürlichen Lipidmembranen im Stratum corneum integrieren und welche funktionellen Auswirkungen sie auf die Barrierefunktion haben. Die bisherigen Daten begründen ein großes Potenzial pflanzlicher Ceramide für die Barriere-protektive Anwendung in kosmetischen Präparaten.
Phytotherapie bei entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen
Authors: Hoffmann J. , Wölfle U. , Schempp C. 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungIn den letzten Jahren wurden einige neue pflanzliche Arzneimittel, Medizinprodukte und Hautpflegemittel für die topische Behandlung von entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen entwickelt. Besonders gut belegt ist die Wirksamkeit von Inhaltsstoffen aus dem Süßholz bei der atopischen Dermatitis und von Indigoextrakten bei der Psoriasis. Ein neuer vielversprechender Therapieansatz zur äußerlichen Behandlung einer geschädigten Hautbarriere sind Bitterstoffe, die an Bitterstoffrezeptoren der Haut binden und die Keratin- und Lipidsynthese der Keratinozyten anregen. Weitere pflanzliche Wirkstoffe für die Behandlung von Rosazea und Akne vulgaris werden ebenfalls besprochen.
Mikrobiom und gastrointestinale Erkrankungen
Authors: Siegel Julian , Andresen Viola , Layer Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor some years, microbiome research has become a thriving topic. The most diverse and hitherto poorly understood connections of interactions of the microbiome with the host body (human) seem to play an important role in the genesis of a wide variety of diseases. This article focuses on the importance of the microbiome in gastrointestinal diseases and presents therapeutic approaches.The intestinal microbiome will not be understood completely for a long time due to the highly complex relationships and variety of different microorganisms. The intestinal microbiome is critically involved in the development of diseases, especially in the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Helicobacter pylori infection is a major risk factor for gastric carcinoma. Esophageal microbiome alterations can cause inflammation and decrease the tone of the lower esophageal sphincter. Inflammation is a crucial pathway for tumorigenesis, it can be caused by the “normal” flora and by pathogenic agents. In the microbiome of the colon, interactions of bacteria, viruses and fungi have a very special status. Good oral/dental status protects against pancreatic carcinoma. Fecal microbiome transfer has become more important in the American guideline. Understanding the processes in the intestinal microbiome provides approaches to new therapies that are likely to exceed our current imagination.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Women Who Are the Industrial Residents of Hyderabad
Authors: Bala Sudha , Taranikanti Madhuri , Yerra Aruna Kumari , Gundepudi Bhavya 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and Aim Cardiovascular diseases among women are rapidly increasing as an epidemic. Identification of risk factors is very essential along with its clinical application to avoid misdiagnosis and poor management. This study aims to assess various risk factors among women who are industrial residents of Hyderabad, to estimate the risk by using Framingham risk score (FRS) categorization.
Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken among 370 women using World Health Organization (WHO) stepwise approach (STEPS) questionnaire schedule with gender-specific risk factors such as metabolic syndrome, menopause, and pregnancy-associated complications; anthropometry, blood pressure, and lipid profile measurements. Risk estimate of over 10 years has been estimated with FRS. ANOVA (analysis of variance), and chi-square test was used to depict association of risk with various variables.
Results Our study determined 3.7% at intermediate risk and 2.5% at higher risk using FRS. Highest prevalence of risk factors included mainly poor intake of good-cholesterol diet among 96%, predicted by low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) among 89%, poor intake of fruits among 81%, higher waist circumference (> 80 cm) among 66.7%, raised blood glucose among 58.4%, obesity (47.2%), extra intake of salt (40%), and metabolic syndrome among 29.7% with predominance in younger age group.
Conclusion Estimation of cardiovascular risk at an earlier stage provides an opportunity to target young women among whom the metabolic syndrome is the major determinant with preventive strategies.
Which Patients Require a Contralateral Total Knee Arthroplasty Within 5 Years of Index Surgery?
Authors: Mak Wai Keong , Bin Abd Razak Hamid Rahmatullah , Tan Hwee-Chye Andrew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) of the knee often presents bilaterally. However, not all patients with severe bilateral knee OA require bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aims to identify predictive factors for contralateral TKA in patients presenting with severe bilateral knee OA undergoing unilateral TKA. We prospectively collected perioperative data from 209 consecutive patients of a single surgeon who had severe bilateral OA knees at presentation. All patients underwent unilateral TKA on the more symptomatic knee. Patients were then stratified by their need for a contralateral TKA within the next 5 years. Using regression analysis, we compared patients who underwent contralateral knee surgery within 5 years (n = 115) against patients who did not (n = 94), so as to create a predictive model. Significant factors identified by the multiple regression models were incorporated into a decision tree using classification and regression tree analysis. Body mass index (BMI), degree of varus angulation, and Oxford knee scores were identified as significant predictive factors. The generated decision tree model was able to stratify patients according to their BMI and Oxford scores into four subgroups, the highest with more than 90% odds of contralateral surgery and the lowest with less than 40% odds of contralateral surgery. BMI, degree of varus angulation, and preoperative Oxford knee scores seem to predict the need for contralateral TKA in patients with severe bilateral OA knees undergoing unilateral TKA. These patients should be counseled on their requirement for the second TKA based on these factors.
Variability of Executive Function Performance in Preschoolers with Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Kapa Leah L. , Erikson Jessie A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough results vary across individual studies, a large body of evidence suggests that children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have domain-general deficits in executive function compared with peers with typically developing language. Poorer performance for children with DLD has been reported on verbal and nonverbal measures of sustained selective attention, working memory, inhibition, and shifting. However, examination of the variability of task scores among both children with and without DLD reveals a wide range of executive function performance for both groups. Additionally, using executive function scores to classify children into DLD versus typical groups results in classification accuracy that is not clinically useful. This evidence indicates that group-level differences in executive function abilities between children with and without DLD cannot be applied at the individual level. Many children with DLD appear to have intact executive function abilities, which undermines the possibility that poor executive functioning causes language deficits in this population. However, a substantial number of children with DLD also have executive function deficits, and, therefore, therapy approaches with this population should consider both their language and executive function abilities.
Redmond (2002) Revisited: Have Standardized Behavioral Rating Scales Gotten Better at Accommodating for Overlapping Symptoms with Language Impairment?
Authors: Redmond Sean M. , Hannig Kirsten M. , Wilder Amy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSeventeen years ago, Redmond reviewed five standardized behavioral rating scales and identified several aspects of their design that made them prone to mischaracterize language impairments as socioemotional behavioral disorders. The purpose of this report is to provide an update and extension of the original audit. We consulted test manuals to evaluate: (1) representation of children with language impairments in their standardization samples; (2) presence of language, or academic items within their inventories; (3) accommodations for administering the measure to children with language impairments; and (4) procedures for identifying inordinately punitive ratings. Overlapping language and academic symptoms continued to be a problem across current behavioral rating scales. Improvements since Redmond occurred in the representation of children with language impairments in standardization samples and in procedures for identifying inordinately punitive ratings. We discuss implications for clinical assessment, research programs, and instrument development.
A Review of Language, Executive Function, and Intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Friedman Laura , Sterling Audra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDifficulties with both executive functions and language skills are common but variable in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Executive functions and language skills are related to one another, such that vocabulary, syntax, and pragmatics are related to domains of working memory, shifting, and inhibition in ASD, although the directionality of these relationships remains unclear. Moreover, interventions that target pragmatic ability have been found to improve executive function skills, and conversely, executive function interventions are linked with improvements in social skills in children with ASD. We review the literature on executive functions, language skills, and their relationship in ASD; discuss factors that may be driving inconsistent findings; and explore clinical applications from the research thus far.
Psoriasis: Best Case Series
Authors: Gupta Girish , Gupta Naveen , Pandey Dileep Kumar , Gupta Gaurang 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious, autoimmune disease. A case series of five patients successfully treated by homoeopathy is presented herewith to acquaint the homoeopathic professionals about the effectiveness of single individualised constitutional homoeopathic medicine in the treatment of psoriasis.