bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of thermo/redox/pH‐stimulative poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N,N′‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) nanogels and their DOX release behaviors
Authors: Gao Doudou , Duan Lanlan , Wu Meng , Wang Xianxun , Sun Zhengguang , Zhang Yuhong , Li Yulin , He Peixin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStimuli‐sensitive drug delivery systems show beneficial features of both medical and pharmaceutical fields. In this article, polymeric nanogel P (N‐isopropylacrylamide–N,N ′‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate [NIPAM–DMAEMA]) (PND) with pH/redox/thermo‐responsivenesses was synthesized by the in situ polymerization of NIPAM and DMAEMA for the controlled release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and N,N ′‐bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BAC) and N,N ′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) act as the crosslinkers, respectively. The structure, size, and zeta potential of PND‐BAC and PND‐MBA were further characterized. Moreover, after loading DOX, the encapsulation efficiency and the in vitro release behavior of PND‐BAC/DOX and PND‐MBA/DOX nanogels were discussed in detail. Compared to PND‐MBA NGs, PND‐BAC nanogels have redox degradability due to the presence of the crosslinker BAC. After loading DOX, the PND‐BAC/DOX nanogel showed a higher encapsulation efficiency (81.6 ± 1.2)% and thermo‐ and pH‐responsiveness as well as redox‐responsive in vitro release. These properties together with excellent environmentally sensitive properties make PND‐BAC as an attractive candidate for application in drug nanocarriers for the targeted drug delivery of model payloads. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1195–1203, 2019.
Constructing past, present, and future communities: Exploring the experiences of community among last‐dollar scholarship students
Authors: White Misha , Legg Eric , Foroughi Behrang , Rose Jeff 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study explores sense of community (SOC) among low‐income college students. The development of a SOC among college students, especially low‐income students, may be particularly vital because of its implications for student success. Six low‐income Arizona State University students were selected based on receipt of a prestigious last‐dollar scholarship. Using narrative inquiry, participants were interviewed about their understanding and experiences with communities. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Participant narratives were created to provide context and in‐depth understanding of experiences. We identified the following themes: (a) mutual support and caring; (b) shared values and goals; (c) interaction and intentionality; and (d) community as self‐constructed, intersecting, and nonlinear. These findings expand existing literature on SOC, with an emphasis on low‐income students in university settings. This research offers an opportunity to examine ways in which universities and student services can provide students an opportunity to better understand their own SOC.
How individual and relative size affect participation in territorial defense and cortisol levels in a social fish
Authors: Ligocki Isaac Y. , Earley Ryan L. , Hamilton Ian M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFor many species, behaviors such as territory defense and parental care are energetically costly, but are nonetheless can provide substantial fitness gains. In systems in which both parents provide parental care, each of the parents benefits from exhibiting (or having their partner exhibit) these behaviors. However, in many cases, costs and benefits differ between parents due to factors such as size or sex. Different intruder types may also impose different costs on parents. Predatory intruders might consume offspring, whereas conspecifics might threaten the social status of a parent, or provide benefits as a potential group joiner or mate. Responses to these intrusions may also be associated with variation in individual stress responses. We investigated associations among male and female sizes, and the interaction between these, with defense against conspecific and heterospecific territorial intruders by members of successfully breeding pairs in the cichlid fishNeolamprologus pulcher. We also investigated whether cortisol levels were associated with size or participation in territory defense because each may be a cause or consequence of individual variation in the stress response. We found that females paired with large males performed fewer defensive behaviors than females paired with smaller males. Males paired with relatively large females had higher baseline cortisol levels than those paired with smaller females. Collectively, individual characteristics such as size have consequences for each individual's behavior, and also influence the behavior, and endocrine state of social partners.
Counting degree sequences of spanning trees in bipartite graphs: A graph‐theoretic proof
Authors: Fischer Anja , Fischer Frank 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGiven a bipartite graph with bipartition each spanning tree in has a degree sequence on and one on . Löhne and Rudloff showed that the number of possible degree sequences on equals the number of possible degree sequences on . Their proof uses a non‐trivial characterization of degree sequences by ‐draconian sequences based on polyhedral results of Postnikov. In this paper, we give a purely graph‐theoretic proof of their result.
Combination of a leadless pacemaker and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy for a Japanese patient with prosthetic valve endocarditis
Authors: Ito Ryo , Kondo Yusuke , Winter Joachim , Hayashi Tomohiko , Nakano Miyo , Kajiyama Takatsugu , Nakano Masahiro , Kobayashi Yoshio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) system was developed for defibrillation therapy that does not affect the heart and vasculature. S‐ICD is preferred over transvenous ICD for patients with a history of recurrent infection presenting with life‐threatening rhythms. Patients with bradycardia pacing indications are excluded from S‐ICD therapy, as S‐ICD lacks the capability of defibrillation in this patient group. Implantation of an S‐ICD with a leadless pacemaker (LP) was proposed to overcome this issue. We describe the first case of successful implantation of S‐ICD and LP in a Japanese patient with a history of recurrent prosthetic valve endocarditis.
Effects of BMP‐2 dose and delivery of microvascular fragments on healing of bone defects with concomitant volumetric muscle loss
Authors: Ruehle Marissa A. , Krishnan Laxminarayanan , Vantucci Casey E. , Wang Yuyan , Stevens Hazel Y. , Roy Krishnendu , Guldberg Robert E. , Willett Nick J. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTTraumatic composite bone‐muscle injuries, such as open fractures, often require multiple surgical interventions and still typically result in long‐term disability. Clinically, a critical indicator of composite injury severity is vascular integrity; vascular damage alone is sufficient to assign an open fracture to the most severe category. Challenging bone injuries are often treated with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2), an osteoinductive growth factor, delivered on collagen sponge. Previous studies in a composite defect model found that a minimally bridging dose in the segmental defect model was unable to overcome concomitant muscle damage, but the effect of BMP dose on composite injuries has not yet been studied. Here, we test the hypotheses that BMP‐2‐mediated functional regeneration of composite extremity injuries is dose dependent and can be further enhanced via co‐delivery of adipose‐derived microvascular fragments (MVF), which have been previously shown to increase tissue vascular volume. Although MVF did not improve healing outcomes, we observed a significant BMP‐2 dose‐dependent increase in regenerated bone volume and biomechanical properties. This is the first known report of an increased BMP‐2 dose improving bone healing with concomitant muscle damage. While high dose BMP‐2 delivery can induce heterotopic ossification (HO) and increased inflammation, the maximum 10 μg dose used in this study did not result in HO and was associated with a lower circulating inflammatory cytokine profile than the low dose (2.5 μg) group. These data support the potential benefits of an increased, though still moderate, BMP‐2 dose for treatment of bone defects with concomitant muscle damage. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J Orthop Res
The effect of different gingival phenotypes on dimensional stability of free gingival graft: A comparative 6‐month clinical study
Authors: Karakış Akcan Serap , Güler Berceste , Hatipoğlu Hasan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study is to compare the effect of mesial and distal adjacent gingival phenotypes of the tooth or teeth region of free gingival graft (FGG) on the shrinkage ratio of graft at 6 months postoperatively.MethodsThirty‐one patients with inadequate keratinized gingival width (KGW) around mandibular incisors were included in this study. The phenotype of the mesial and distal terminal teeth was evaluated by the probe transparency method and keratinized gingival thickness measurements; study groups were divided as thick and thin phenotype. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and recession height (GRH), recession width (GRW) and KGW measurements were recorded at baseline and sixth month. Vertical dimension of graft (VDG), horizontal dimension of graft (HDG), recipient area horizontal width (RAHW), recipient area vertical depth (RAVD) were recorded during surgery. The shrinkage ratio was calculated with a Java‐based analysis program.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the clinical and surgical measurements between the groups. KGW mean values for both of adjacent teeth increased at 6th month compared to baseline but there was no difference between the groups at 6 months. GRH value has decreased significantly in thick phenotype group at the 6th month. The shrinkage ratio was found 23.14 ± 12.21% and 17.76 ± 11.05% in the thin and thick phenotype group, respectively. The difference between the groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.210).ConclusionThe phenotype of the adjacent teeth has a similar impact on FGG shrinkage ratio at the sixth month. Thick phenotype of adjacent teeth seems to be more supportive for root coverage.
Evaluation of the Acquisition of Ultrasound Proficiency in Hand Surgery Fellows
Authors: Zumsteg Justin W. , Ina Jason G. , Merrell Greg A. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo evaluate hand surgery fellow ultrasound (US) evaluations and performance of clinically relevant tasks after brief instruction.MethodsSix hand surgery fellows completed an US assessment and a survey on US use before and 1 month after a 30‐minute US course.ResultsThe time to obtain an adequate image decreased from 4 minutes 42 seconds (4:42; range, 3:57–7:55) to 0:52 (range, 0:30–1:14; P < .001). Participants’ performance for structure identification improved from 9.7 (range, 8–13) to 12 (range, 10–13) of 14 structures (P < .05). The average time to completion decreased from 14:6 (range, 12:08–18:30) to 9:34 (range, 4:40–15:54; P < .01). After instruction, all 6 participants identified and measured the cross‐sectional area of the median nerve, identified and measured a zone 3 flexor tendon gap, and identified a simulated flexor digitorum profundus avulsion and its level of retraction (P < .05). Five of 6 successfully administered an US‐guided injection to the extensor carpi ulnaris subsheath.ConclusionsAfter a 30‐minute instructional session, hand surgery fellows can achieve a basic level of US competency.
Development of a short form of the compulsive internet use scale in Switzerland
Authors: Gmel Gerhard , Khazaal Yasser , Studer Joseph , Baggio Stéphanie , Marmet Simon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe study aims to develop a short form of the compulsive internet use scale (CIUS), which can be used in multitopic and general population health surveys and is invariant across different sexes, linguistic regions, and ages.MethodsTwo general population surveys from 2013 and 2015 were used as learning (n = 1,371) and validation samples (n = 1,550), respectively. Reducing items from the original CIUS was based on the following: (a) correlated errors between items, (b) differential item functioning, and (c) measurement invariance. Methods used item response theory and latent confirmatory factor analysis for ordinal variables.ResultsThe eight‐item short form maintained the five dimensions of the original scale and was metric and mostly scale invariant for sex, region, and age. It fell marginally short of scale invariance (ΔCFI < 0.01) for regions in the learning sample and for sexes in the validation sample (both ΔCFI = 0.013, p < 0.01). Root mean square error of approximation was 0.045 and 0.036, and comparative fit index was 0.989 and 0.995, in the learning and validation samples, respectively, showing excellent fit of the model to data. Correlations with the full scale were r = 0.966 (learning) and r = 0.969 (validation).ConclusionIf the full 14‐item CIUS is a valid, reliable screening instrument, then the short eight‐item form is too, and can be used in multitopic, general population health surveys.
A note on properties of solutions of Riccati and hyper‐Riccati equations
Authors: Ciechanowicz Ewa 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe paper focuses on transcendental meromorphic solutions of Riccati and hyper‐Riccati equations and their value distribution properties. Special attention is paid to deficient values in various senses, in particular to deficient values in the sense of Petrenko in the case of solutions of finite order. The question of small deficient functions is also considered. The estimates of deficiencies, multiplicity indices and, in the case of functions of finite order, also deviations from small functions are presented.
The Typology of Socially Disadvantaged Families
Authors: Paus-Hasebrink Ingrid , Kulterer Jasmin , Sinner Philip 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter presents a typology of the socially disadvantaged families of the panel. We derive it from our discovery of the similarities in, and the differences between, the respective family lives (doing family) of our subjects. Accordingly, the basic characteristics of each type will now be described in detail by discussing four cases more extensively than the rest, in order to provide an insight into and a deeper understanding of the individual lifeworlds of the children and their families. In addition, we will present shorter case summaries for each family from the panel, together with their type-specific characteristics. This chapter seeks, then, to demonstrate how various factors interact in a complex interplay that shapes the individual living situation of individual families and of each family member in them. The typology presented in this chapter, therefore, provides insight into the dynamics, both with media involvement and otherwise, of family life and socialisation.
Childhood Emotional Maltreatment and Problematic Social Media Use Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Body Image Dissatisfaction
Authors: Kircaburun Kagan , Griffiths Mark D. , Billieux Joel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPreliminary evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment is associated with higher problematic social media use (PSMU). It has also been established that childhood emotional maltreatment (CEM) is associated with body image dissatisfaction (BID). However, the direct and indirect impacts of CEM on PSMU via BID remain untested. The present study examined these direct and indirect relationships among a sample of 385 adolescents (mean age 15.62 years, range 14–18 years). Results indicated that female adolescents had higher levels of CEM, BID, and PSMU compared to males. Structural equation modeling indicated that CEM was indirectly associated with PSMU via BID among males. However, only BID was positively associated with PSMU among females. The findings are in accordance with theoretical models suggesting that individuals’ core characteristics including early childhood experiences and psychopathological factors are associated with different types of specific internet-use disorders.
Spacing, Stopping, or Postponing? Fertility Desires in a Sub-Saharan Setting
Authors: Hayford Sarah R. , Agadjanian Victor 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A growing body of research has argued that the traditional categories of stopping and spacing are insufficient to understand why individuals want to control fertility. In a series of articles, Timæus, Moultrie, and colleagues defined a third type of fertility motivation—postponement—that reflects a desire to avoid childbearing in the short term without clear goals for long-term fertility. Although postponement is fundamentally a description of fertility desires, existing quantitative research has primarily studied fertility behavior in an effort to find evidence for the model. In this study, we use longitudinal survey data to consider whether postponement can be identified in standard measures of fertility desires among reproductive-age women in rural Mozambique. Findings show strong evidence for a postponement mindset in this population, but postponement coexists with stopping and spacing goals. We reflect on the difference between birth spacing and postponement and consider whether and how postponement is a distinctive sub-Saharan phenomenon.
Early-Life Assets in Oldest-Old Age: Evidence From Primary Care Reform in Early Twentieth Century Sweden
Authors: Lazuka Volha 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDo early-life effects of investments in public health persist to the oldest-old ages? This article answers this question by using the primary care reform in rural Sweden that between 1890 and 1917 led to the establishment of local health districts, together with openings of hospitals and recruitments of medical personnel, as a natural experiment in early-life environmental conditions. The initiatives undertaken within these districts targeted control of infectious diseases, including various isolation and disinfection measures. This study applies a difference-in-differences method combined with propensity score matching to register-based individual-level data for Sweden from 1968 to 2012 and to multisource, purposely collected data on the reform implementation. Providing pioneering evidence for such a distal relationship (ages 78–95), this study finds that treatment through primary care in the year of birth leads to a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (4 % to 6%) and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (5 % to 6 %) and to an increase in average incomes (2 % to 3 %). The effects are universal and somewhat stronger among individuals from poor socioeconomic backgrounds and at higher baseline levels of disease burden.
Bubble cloud dynamics in an ultrasound field
Authors: Maeda Kazuki , Colonius Tim 
Published: January 2019

The dynamics of bubble clouds induced by high-intensity focused ultrasound is investigated in a regime where the cloud size is similar to the ultrasound wavelength. High-speed images show that the cloud is asymmetric; the bubbles nearest the source grow to a larger radius than the distal ones. Similar structures of bubble clouds are observed in numerical simulations that mimic the laboratory experiment. To elucidate the structure, a parametric study is conducted for plane ultrasound waves with various amplitudes and diffuse clouds with different initial void fractions. Based on an analysis of the kinetic energy of liquid induced by bubble oscillations, a new scaling parameter is introduced to characterize the dynamics. The new parameter generalizes the cloud interaction parameter originally introduced by d’Agostino & Brennen (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 199, 1989, pp. 155–176). The dynamic interaction parameter controls the energy localization and consequent anisotropy of the cloud. Moreover, the amplitude of the far-field, bubble-scattered acoustics is likewise correlated with the proposed parameter. Findings of the present study not only shed light on the physics of cloud cavitation, but may also be of use for the quantification of the effects of cavitation on outcomes of ultrasound therapies including high-intensity focused ultrasound-based lithotripsy.
Variance estimates for random disc-polygons in smooth convex discs
Authors: Fodor Ferenc , Vígh Viktor 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper we prove asymptotic upper bounds on the variance of the number of vertices and the missed area of inscribed random disc-polygons in smooth convex discs whose boundary isC+2. We also consider a circumscribed variant of this probability model in which the convex disc is approximated by the intersection of random circles.
Reliability assessment of system under a generalized run shock model
Authors: Gong Min , Xie Min , Yang Yaning 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper we are concerned with modelling the reliability of a system subject to external shocks. In a run shock model, the system fails when a sequence of shocks above a threshold arrive in succession. Nevertheless, using a single threshold to measure the severity of a shock is too critical in real practice. To this end, we develop a generalized run shock model with two thresholds. We employ a phase-type distribution to model the damage size and the inter-arrival time of shocks, which is highly versatile and may be used to model many quantitative features of random phenomenon. Furthermore, we use the Markovian property to construct a multi-state system which degrades with the arrival of shocks. We also provide a numerical example to illustrate our results.
Occupation times of alternating renewal processes with Lévy applications
Authors: Starreveld Nicos , Bekker Réne , Mandjes Michel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper we present a set of results relating to the occupation time α(t) of a processX(·). The first set of results concerns exact characterizations of α(t), e.g. in terms of its transform up to an exponentially distributed epoch. In addition, we establish a central limit theorem (entailing that a centered and normalized version of α(t)∕tconverges to a zero-mean normal random variable ast→∞) and the tail asymptotics of ℙ(α(t)∕t≥q). We apply our findings to spectrally positive Lévy processes reflected at the infimum and establish various new occupation time results for the corresponding model.
Logarithmic upper bounds for weak solutions to a class of parabolic equations
Authors: Xu Xiangsheng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt is well known that a weak solution φ to the initial boundary value problem for the uniformly parabolic equation $\partial _t\varphi - {\rm div}(A\nabla \varphi ) +\omega \varphi = f $ in $\Omega _T\equiv \Omega \times (0,T)$ satisfies the uniform estimate
$$\Vert \varphi \Vert_{\infty,\Omega_T}\les \Vert \varphi\Vert_{\infty,\partial_p\Omega_T}+c \Vert f \Vert_{q,\Omega_T}, \ \ \ c=c(N,\lambda, q, \Omega_T), $$
provided that $q \gt 1+{N}/{2}$, where Ω is a bounded domain in ${\open R}^N$ with Lipschitz boundary, T > 0, $\partial _p\Omega _T$ is the parabolic boundary of $\Omega _T$, $\omega \in L^1(\Omega _T)$ with $\omega \ges 0$, and λ is the smallest eigenvalue of the coefficient matrix A. This estimate is sharp in the sense that it generally fails if $q=1+{N}/{2}$. In this paper, we show that the linear growth of the upper bound in $\Vert f \Vert_{q,\Omega _T}$ can be improved. To be precise, we establish
$$ \Vert \varphi \Vert_{\infty,\Omega_T}\les \Vert \varphi_0 \Vert_{\infty,\partial_p\Omega_T}+c \Vert f \Vert_{1+{N}/{2},\Omega_T} \left(\ln(\Vert f \Vert_{q,\Omega_T}+1)+1\right). $$