bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emplacement History of the Miocene Zebín Tuff Cone (Czech Republic) Revealed From Ground Geophysics, Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility, Paleomagnetic, and 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology Data
Authors: Petronis Michael , Valenta Jan , Rapprich Vladislav , Lindline Jennifer , Heizler Matthew , van Wyk de Vries Benjamin , Shields Sarah , Balek Jan , Fojtíková Lucia , Tábořík Petr 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Zebín Volcano, Czech Republic, is a quarried tuff cone that offers the opportunity to understand emplacement processes responsible for magma transport through a pyroclastic cone and magmatic processes involved in its development. A high‐resolution ground magnetometry survey, electrical resistivity tomography, and refraction seismic were conducted to supplement field mapping of the size, shape, and inner structure of the volcanic system. The Zebín Volcano yields normal polarity rocks, and the cone is underlain by a complex and branching magma feeder system with several diverging dikes. Samples were collected at 24 sites from feeder dikes and the main conduit for anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and paleomagnetic analysis. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility results yield inferred magma flow directions indicating subhorizontal magma flow toward and away from the axial conduit as well as both upward and downward flow. Paleomagnetic data from all sites are normal polarity with statistically distinct remanence directions between some sites that indicate that significant time passed or deformation occurred during the growth of this volcanic system. 40Ar/39Ar isochron ages of groundmass provide emplacement ages of 18.38 ± 0.03 and 18.45 ± 0.03 Ma, whereas a weighted mean date of 18.52 ± 0.03 Ma for hornblende provides an eruption age. We argue that the Zebín Volcano evolved from a polyphase feeding system and through a complex feeder network. This detailed study shows that many monogenetic volcanoes deserve highly detailed study, as their subtleties can provide insight into broader crustal and magmatic environment during magmatism.
How Americans Respond to Information About Global Warming's Health Impacts: Evidence From a National Survey Experiment
Authors: Kotcher John , Maibach Edward , Montoro Marybeth , Hassol Susan Joy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAmericans tend to see global warming as a distant threat, but a small body of previous research suggests that information about the health implications of global warming may enhance public engagement with the issue. We sought to extend those findings with a longitudinal study that examined how Americans react to information about eight specific categories of health impacts from global warming. In winter 2017, we conducted a two‐wave survey experiment using a quota sample of American adults (n = 2,254). Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group who read eight brief essays about different categories of health impacts from global warming or to a control group who received no information. Participants answered questions before reading the essays, immediately after reading each essay and at the conclusion of all essays (treatment participants only), and 2–3 weeks later. Reading the information had small‐ to medium‐sized effects on multiple indicators of participants' cognitive and affective engagement with global warming, especially among people who are politically moderate and somewhat conservative; some of these changes persisted 2–3 weeks later. Some impacts were seen as more novel and worrisome, including illnesses from contaminated food, water, and disease‐carrying organisms. Our findings provide the most definitive evidence to date about the importance of raising awareness about the health impacts of global warming. While participants believed all of the essays as offered valuable information, educational efforts might most productively focus on impacts that are relatively less familiar and more emotionally engaging, such as food‐, water‐, and vector‐borne illnesses.
Signatures of Obliquity and Eccentricity in Soil Chronosequences
Authors: Shepard Christopher , Pelletier Jon D. , Schaap Marcel G. , Rasmussen Craig 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPeriodic shifts in Earth's orbit alter incoming solar radiation and drive Quaternary climate cycles. However, unambiguous detection of these orbitally driven climatic changes in records of terrestrial sedimentation and pedogenesis remains poorly defined, limiting our understanding of climate change‐landscape feedbacks, impairing our interpretation of terrestrial paleoclimate proxies, and limiting linkages among pedogenesis, sedimentation, and paleoclimatic change. Using a meta‐analysis, we show that Quaternary soil ages preserved in the modern record have periodicities of 41 and 98 kyr, consistent with orbital cycles. Further, soil ages predominantly date to periods of low rates of climatic change following rapid climate shifts associated with glacial‐to‐interglacial transitions. Soil age appears linked to orbital cycles via climate‐modulated sediment deposition, which may largely constrain soil formation to distinct climate periods. These data demonstrate a record of widespread orbital cyclicity in sediment deposition and subsequent pedogenesis, providing a key insight into soil‐landscape evolution and terrestrial paleo‐environment changes.
Seasonal Variations in Airflow Over the Namib Dune, Gale Crater, Mars: Implications for Dune Dynamics
Authors: Cornwall Carin , Jackson Derek W. T. , Bourke Mary C. , Beyers Meiring , Cooper J. Andrew G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDune length scale airflow modeling provides new insights on eolian bedform response and complex near‐surface 3‐D wind patterns not previously resolved by mesoscale models. At a 1‐m surface resolution, Curiosity wind data are used to investigate the eolian environment of the Namib dune on Mars, providing improved seasonal constraints on grainfall, grainflow activity, and ripple migration. Based on satellite images, airflow patterns, and surface shear stress, enhanced eolian activity, and slipface advancement occurs during early springtime. Autumn and winter winds are also favorable to eolian activity, but minimal movement was detected in satellite images overlapping with wind data. During the summer, the migration of large stoss ripples on the Namib dune may augment sediment deposition on the slipface. These results provide a better understanding of the overall migration pattern of the Namib dune, which can be extrapolated to other dunes in the Bagnold Dune Field.
Identification of a molecular locus for normalizing dysregulated GABA release from interneurons in the Fragile X brain
Authors: Yang Yi-Mei , Arsenault Jason , Bah Alaji , Krzeminski Mickael , Fekete Adam , Chao Owen Y. , Pacey Laura K. , Wang Alex , Forman-Kay Julie , Hampson David R. , Wang Lu-Yang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrincipal neurons encode information by varying their firing rate and patterns precisely fine-tuned through GABAergic interneurons. Dysregulation of inhibition can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders, yet little is known about the molecular basis underlying inhibitory control. Here, we find that excessive GABA release from basket cells (BCs) attenuates the firing frequency of Purkinje neurons (PNs) in the cerebellum of Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (Fmr1) knockout (KO) mice, a model of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) with abrogated expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP). This over-inhibition originates from increased excitability and Ca2+transients in the presynaptic terminals, where Kv1.2 potassium channels are downregulated. By paired patch-clamp recordings, we further demonstrate that acutely introducing an N-terminal fragment of FMRP into BCs normalizes GABA release in theFmr1-KO synapses. Conversely, direct injection of an inhibitory FMRP antibody into BCs, or membrane depolarization of BCs, enhances GABA release in the wild type synapses, leading to abnormal inhibitory transmission comparable to theFmr1-KO neurons. We discover that the N-terminus of FMRP directly binds to a phosphorylated serine motif on the C-terminus of Kv1.2; and that loss of this interaction in BCs exaggerates GABA release, compromising the firing activity of PNs and thus the output from the cerebellar circuitry. An allosteric Kv1.2 agonist, docosahexaenoic acid, rectifies the dysregulated inhibition in vitro as well as acoustic startle reflex and social interaction in vivo of theFmr1-KO mice. Our results unravel a novel molecular locus for targeted intervention of FXS and perhaps autism.
Temporal dynamics of bacteria-plasmid coevolution under antibiotic selection
Authors: Bottery Michael J , Wood A Jamie , Brockhurst Michael A 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Horizontally acquired genes can be costly to express even if they encode useful traits, such as antibiotic resistance. We previously showed that when selected with tetracycline, Escherichia coli carrying the tetracycline-resistance plasmid RK2 evolved mutations on both replicons that together provided increased tetracycline resistance at reduced cost. Here we investigate the temporal dynamics of this intragenomic coevolution. Using genome sequencing we show that the order of adaptive mutations was highly repeatable across three independently evolving populations. Each population first gained a chromosomal mutation in ompF which shortened lag phase and increased tetracycline resistance. This was followed by mutations impairing the plasmid-encoded tetracycline efflux pump, and finally, additional resistance-associated chromosomal mutations. Thus, reducing the cost of the horizontally acquired tetracycline resistance was contingent on first evolving a degree of chromosomally encoded resistance. We conclude therefore that the trajectory of bacteria-plasmid coevolution was constrained to a single repeatable path.
Acquisition and Generalization Responses in Aphasia Naming Treatment: A Meta-Analysis of Semantic Feature Analysis Outcomes
Authors: Quique Yina M. , Evans William S. , Dickey Michael Walsh 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This meta-analysis synthesizes results from published studies that used semantic feature analysis (SFA) treatment to improve naming for people with aphasia. It examines how both person- and treatment-related variables affected the likelihood of correct naming responses in individual probe sessions for both acquisition (treated) and generalization (untreated) stimuli.

Method
The meta-analysis compiled data from 12 studies analyzing a total of 35 participants with aphasia. It used mixed-effects models as a novel statistical tool to examine the effects of 2 sets of variables on naming performance: treatment-related variables, including treatment phase (baseline vs. treatment), dosage (number of treatment sessions), and stimulus type (treated vs. untreated, semantically related vs. unrelated items), and person-specific variables, including degree of language impairment and demographic variables (age, time poststroke).

Results
Results of the meta-analysis revealed that SFA intervention promoted increased naming accuracy during naming probes when comparing baseline and treatment phases. In addition, increased dosages of SFA were associated with increased naming accuracy, and treatment-related gains were larger for acquisition (treated) than generalization (untreated) stimuli, likewise for related versus unrelated generalization stimuli. Furthermore, a subset of person-specific variables was predictive of SFA-related gains: Language impairment variables were related to treatment-related changes in naming performance, but demographic variables were not.

Conclusion
These results provide group-level evidence for the efficacy of SFA as well as preliminary estimates of how much naming performance benefit is engendered by varying dosages of SFA. The results also provide promising and previously unobserved evidence of potential person-level predictors of SFA treatment response.
Reliability of Measures of N1 Peak Amplitude of the Compound Action Potential in Younger and Older Adults
Authors: McClaskey Carolyn M. , Dias James W. , Dubno Judy R. , Harris Kelly C. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Human auditory nerve (AN) activity estimated from the amplitude of the first prominent negative peak (N1) of the compound action potential (CAP) is typically quantified using either a peak-to-peak measurement or a baseline-corrected measurement. However, the reliability of these 2 common measurement techniques has not been evaluated but is often assumed to be relatively poor, especially for older adults. To address this question, the current study (a) compared test–retest reliability of these 2 methods and (b) tested the extent to which measurement type affected the relationship between N1 amplitude and experimental factors related to the stimulus (higher and lower intensity levels) and participants (younger and older adults).

Method
Click-evoked CAPs were recorded in 24 younger (aged 18–30 years) and 20 older (aged 55–85 years) adults with clinically normal audiograms up to 3000 Hz. N1 peak amplitudes were estimated from peak-to-peak measurements (from N1 to P1) and baseline-corrected measurements for 2 stimulus levels (80 and 110 dB pSPL). Baseline-corrected measurements were made with 4 baseline windows. Each stimulus level was presented twice, and test–retest reliability of these 2 measures was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the extent to which age group and click level uniquely predicted N1 amplitude and whether the predictive relationships differed between N1 measurement techniques.

Results
Both peak-to-peak and baseline-corrected measurements of N1 amplitude were found to have good-to-excellent reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient values > 0.60. As expected, N1 amplitudes were significantly larger for younger participants compared with older participants for both measurement types and were significantly larger in response to clicks presented at 110 dB pSPL than at 80 dB pSPL for both measurement types. Furthermore, the choice of baseline window had no significant effect on N1 amplitudes using the baseline-corrected method.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that measurements of AN activity can be robustly and reliably recorded in both younger and older adults using either peak-to-peak or baseline-corrected measurements of the N1 of the CAP. Peak-to-peak measurements yield larger N1 response amplitudes and are the default measurement type for many clinical systems, whereas baseline-corrected measurements are computationally simpler. Furthermore, the relationships between AN activity and stimulus- and participant-related variables were not affected by measurement technique, which suggests that these relationships can be compared across studies using different techniques for measuring the CAP N1.
Anatomy of posterior cruciate ligament retained in a posterior cruciate ligament retaining total knee replacement: a cadaveric study
Authors: Goyal Tarun , Singla Mukesh , Paul Souvik 
Published: September 2018

Background: Recent evidence has highlighted a risk that the majority of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is removed while making bone cuts in tibia and femur during total knee replacement surgery. Aim of this cadaveric study is to calculate how much PCL footprint is retained in a PCL retaining prosthesis after routine tibial and femoral cuts are made.
Methods: Twelve paired formalin-fixed Indian cadaveric knees were studied. Knees were disarticulated and all soft tissues were circumferentially removed from the tibia and femur. Footprints of antero-lateral and postero-medial bundles were marked on tibia and femur. Proximal tibial and distal femoral cuts were made using standard cutting jigs (Zimmer NexGen LPS). Digital photographs were taken with a magnification marker attached on the bone before and after making the cuts. Area of PCL insertion before and after the bone cuts was measured using software ImageJ (National Institute of Health).
Results: Footprint on tibial side was reduced by 9.1%, and on femoral side by 21.8%. Footprint of AL bundle was reduced by 24.3% on the tibial side and by 15.3% on the femoral side. Footprint of PM bundle on tibia was not affected by the bone cut but was reduced by 18.5% on the femoral side.
Conclusion: Tibial and femoral insertions of PCL are relatively well preserved after bone cuts are made in a posterior cruciate retaining TKR. There is differential sectioning of antero-lateral and postero-medial bundles of PCL on tibial and femoral sides.
Sex- and Mode-specific Responses to Eccentric Muscle Fatigue
Authors: Hill Ethan , Housh Terry , Smith Cory , Keller Joshua , Schmidt Richard , Johnson Glen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe primary purpose of the present investigation was to examine sex-related differences as a result of fatiguing eccentric muscle actions on torque, muscle blood flow, electromyography, and mechanomyography. Eighteen men and 18 women performed peak torque trials prior to (pretest), immediately after (posttest), and 5-min after (recovery) completing 50 submaximal (60% of eccentric peak torque), eccentric, isokinetic (180°·s
−1) muscle actions of the elbow flexors. Electromyographic and mechanomyographic responses were simultaneously recorded from the biceps brachii muscle, and muscle blood flow was measured at pretest, posttest and recovery. There were sex- and mode-specific responses for torque, but there were no sex-specific muscle blood flow or neuromuscular responses. From pretest to posttest, torque decreased (80.0–88.2% of pretest) for both the men and women. At recovery concentric peak torque recovered to a greater extent in women (95.0% of pretest) than men (88.0% of pretest), while eccentric peak torque recovered to a greater extent in men (88.9% of pretest) than women (86.9% of pretest). The sex-specific torque responses were not associated with different motor control strategies or differences in the occlusion of muscle blood flow between the men and women. For both men and women, eccentric fatiguing exercise is manifested similarly during isometric muscle actions, but not during eccentric and concentric muscle actions.
Aortic Dysfunction in Mitral Regurgitation Due to Floppy Mitral Valve/Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Mowafy Hatem , Lilly Scott , Orsinelli David , Rushing Gregory , Crestanello Juan , Boudoulas Konstantinos 
Published: September 2018

Background Floppy mitral valve/mitral valve prolapse (FMV/MVP), a heritable disorder of connective tissue, often leads to mitral regurgitation (MR) and is the most common cause for mitral valve surgery in developed countries. Connective tissue disorders may affect aortic function, and a stiff aorta may increase the severity of MR. Aortic function, however, has not been studied in FMV/MVP with MR.
Methods A total of 17 patients (11 men, 6 women) with FMV/MVP and significant MR were compared with 20 controls matched for age and gender. Aortic diameters (AoD) were measured from left ventriculograms at 2 and 4 cm above the aortic valve. Aortic pressures were measured directly using fluid-filled catheters. Aortic distensibility was calculated using the formula: 2(systolic AoD—diastolic AoD)/(diastolic AoD x pulse pressure).
Results Aortic distensibility was significantly lower in FMV/MVP compared with control at 2 cm above the aortic valve (1.00 ± 0.19 versus 3.78 ± 1.10 10−3 mm Hg−1, respectively; p = 0.027) and 4 cm above the aortic valve (0.89 ± 0.16 versus 3.22 ± 0.19 10−3 mm Hg−1, respectively; p = 0.007). FMV/MVP patients had greater left ventricular (LV) end-systolic (88 ± 72 mL versus 35 ± 15 mL, p = 0.002) and end-diastolic (165 ± 89 mL versus 100 ± 41 mL, p = 0.005) volumes, and lower LV ejection fraction, compared with control (50 ± 12% versus 57 ± 6%, p = 0.034).
Conclusion Aortic distensibility is decreased (consistent with a stiff aorta) in patients with FMV/MVP and MR. A stiff aorta may increase the severity of MR. Thus, abnormal aortic function, which also deteriorates with age, may play an important role in the natural history of MR due to FMV/MVP.
The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective
Authors: Hermans M. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.
Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie bei somatoformen Störungen
Authors: Timmer B. , Voderholzer U. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Übersicht werden die kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) bei somatoformen Störungen sowie die zugrundeliegenden Modellvorstellungen der Ätiopathogenese beschrieben. Grundlagen der Diagnostik und Therapie werden skizziert, besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei dem Störungsbild multipler somatoformer Symptome. Das therapeutische Vorgehen wird anhand der wesentlichen Therapieelemente inhaltlich dargestellt. Ein Fokus liegt dabei auf der Beziehungsgestaltung und dem Aufbau von Therapiemotivation, da die Behandlung dieser Patientengruppe nach wie vor als Herausforderung gilt. Ergänzend werden achtsamkeitsbasierte Verfahren als neuere Entwicklungen der dritten Welle der Verhaltenstherapie beschrieben. Ein Überblick der Wirksamkeitsnachweise der KVT bei multiplen somatoformen Beschwerden zeigt langfristig stabile positive Effekte sowohl für die somatoforme Symptomatik als auch assoziierte Merkmale.
Psychopharmakotherapie somatoformer Störungen
Authors: Eser-Valeri D. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungSomatoforme Störungen und funktionelle somatische Syndrome führen zu einer gehäuften Inanspruchnahme medizinischer Leistungen. Bei der Behandlung dieser Erkrankungen ist ein mehrdimensionaler Therapieansatz notwendig, wobei neben störungsspezifischen psychotherapeutischen Interventionen auch psychopharmakologische Therapieansätze zu berücksichtigen sind. Dabei kommen insbesondere Antidepressiva zum Einsatz, deren Effektivität belegt wurde und die bei unterschiedlichen somatoformen Störungen differenziert eingesetzt werden können. Insbesondere Antidepressiva mit dualem Wirkmechanismus sowie selektive Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer nehmen hier einen besonderen Stellenwert ein. Die psychopharmakologische Therapie sollte dabei immer in den multimodalen Gesamtbehandlungsplan eingebettet werden und den spezifischen Besonderheiten der Arzt-Patienten Beziehung bei Patienten mit somatoformen Störungen Rechnung tragen.
Aripiprazol-Depot
Authors: Riedel M. , Schennach R. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDas im November 2013 für die Behandlung der Schizophrenie in Europa zugelassene und seit Mitte Juni in Deutschland eingeführte Aripiprazol-Depot Präparat Abilify Maintena® hat sich als wirksames und gut verträgliches Depot-Antipsychotikum erwiesen. Besonders in der Behandlung schizophrener Patienten mit häufig eingeschränkter Compliance sind Depot-Antipsychotika hinsichtlich Rückfallprophylaxe eine wichtige Behandlungsmöglichkeit. Aufgrund des besonderen Rezeptorprofils von Aripiprazol mit partiell agonistischem Wirkeffekt an den D2/D3-Rezeptoren sowie berichteten Wirkvorteilen bei affektiven und kognitiven Beeinträchtigungen stellt die Depotformulierung eine interessante Behandlungsalternative in der Therapie der Schizophrenie dar. Auch das günstige Nebenwirkungsprofil von Aripiprazol mit einem nachgewiesenen niedrigen Risiko für extrapyramidalmotorische Symptome sowie metabolische Nebenwirkungen macht den Stellenwert dieser neuen Depotformulierung deutlich. Die einmal im Monat anzuwendende Injektion ist in zwei unterschiedlichen Dosierungsstufen (300 und 400 mg) erhältlich, in seiner Anwendung einfach handhabbar und wird von den Patienten gut toleriert.