bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards an optimised processing pipeline for diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data: Effects of artefact corrections on diffusion metrics and their age associations in UK Biobank
Authors: Maximov Ivan I. , Alnæs Dag , Westlye Lars T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIncreasing interest in the structural and functional organisation of the human brain encourages the acquisition of big data sets comprising multiple neuroimaging modalities, often accompanied by additional information obtained from health records, cognitive tests, biomarkers and genotypes. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging data enables a range of promising imaging phenotypes probing structural connections as well as macroanatomical and microstructural properties of the brain. The reliability and biological sensitivity and specificity of diffusion data depend on processing pipeline. A state‐of‐the‐art framework for data processing facilitates cross‐study harmonisation and reduces pipeline‐related variability. Using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 218 individuals in the UK Biobank, we evaluate the effects of different processing steps that have been suggested to reduce imaging artefacts and improve reliability of diffusion metrics. In lack of a ground truth, we compared diffusion metric sensitivity to age between pipelines. By comparing distributions and age sensitivity of the resulting diffusion metrics based on different approaches (diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging and white matter tract integrity), we evaluate a general pipeline comprising seven postprocessing blocks: noise correction; Gibbs ringing correction; evaluation of field distortions; susceptibility, eddy‐current and motion‐induced distortion corrections; bias field correction; spatial smoothing and final diffusion metric estimations. Based on this evaluation, we suggest an optimised processing pipeline for diffusion weighted MRI data.
Investigating the relationship between formal and informal care: An application using panel data for people living together
Authors: Urwin Sean , Lau Yiu‐Shing , Mason Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is limited evidence on the relationship between formal and informal care using panel data in a U.K. setting and focused specifically on people living together (co‐residents). Using all 18 waves of the British Household Panel Survey (1991–2009), we analyse the effect of informal care given by co‐residents on the use of formal home care and health care services more generally. To account for endogeneity, we estimate models using random effects instrumental variable regression using the number of daughters as a source of exogenous variation. We find that a 10% increase in the monthly provision of informal care hours decreases the probability of using home help (formal home care) by 1.02 percentage points (p < .05), equivalent to a 15.62% relative reduction. This effect was larger for home help provided by the state (β = −.117) compared with non‐state home help (β = −.044). These results provide evidence that significant increases in the supply of informal care would reduce the demand for home‐help provision.
Prevalence and clinical and psychological correlates of high fear of cancer recurrence in patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer
Authors: Mirosevic Spela , Thewes Belinda , van Herpen Carla , Kaanders Johannes , Merkx Thijs , Humphris Gerry , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Langendijk Johannes A. , Leemans C. René , Terhaard Chris H. J. , Verdonck‐de Leeuw Irma M. , Takes Robert , Prins Judith ,   the NET‐QUBIC Consortium
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are vulnerable to fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and psychiatric morbidity. We investigated the prevalence of high FCR and demographic, clinical, psychological, and psychiatric factors associated with high FCR prior to the start of the treatment.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional substudy of the large ongoing prospective NET‐QUBIC study questionnaires and psychiatric interviews of 216 patients newly diagnosed with HNC were analyzed.ResultsHigh FCR was observed in 52.8% of patients and among those 21.1% also had a lifetime history of selected anxiety or major depressive disorder. FCR was not related to any clinical characteristics; however, younger age, higher anxiety symptoms, introversion, greater needs for support regarding sexuality, and being an exsmoker were significantly associated with higher FCR.ConclusionFactors associated with high FCR provide us with a better conceptual understanding of FCR in patients newly diagnosed with HNC.
FIGO classification for the clinical diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders,
Authors: Jauniaux Eric , Ayres‐de‐Campos Diogo , Langhoff‐Roos Jens , Fox Karin A. , Collins Sally ,   FIGO Placenta Accreta Diagnosis and Management Expert Consensus Panel
Published: June 2019

AbstractPlacenta accreta spectrum is impacting maternal health outcomes globally and its prevalence is likely to increase. Maternal outcomes depend on identification of the condition before or during delivery and, in particular, on the differential diagnosis between its adherent and invasive forms. However, accurate estimation of its prevalence and outcome is currently problematic because of the varying use of clinical criteria to define it at birth and the lack of detailed pathologic examination in most series. Adherence to this new International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification should improve future systematic reviews and meta‐analyses and provide more accurate epidemiologic data which are essential to develop new management strategies.
Older age and higher parity are associated with nonuse of the partograph at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Lugobe Henry Mark , Kanyesigye Hamson , Mpiima Derrick , Ssemujju Augustine , Masinda Abraham , Mulisya Olivier , Twizerimana Hillary , Bajunirwe Francis , Mugyenyi Godfrey 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency of partograph use, the proportion of mothers with partographs completed to standard, the completeness of recorded parameters, and factors associated with nonuse at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), Uganda.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records from mothers admitted to MRRH's postnatal ward between October 2016 and March 2017. Partograph use and whether it had been completed to standard were analyzed.ResultsOf 527 study participants, 409 (77.6%) records contained a partograph, of which only 17 (4.2%) had been completed to standard. Parameters most commonly completed to standard were monitoring of cervical dilatation (n=41, 10%), fetal heart rate (n=21, 5.1%), and uterine contractions (n=18, 4.4%). Age older than 30 years (prevalence ratio 1.73; 95% CI, 1.14–2.64) and parity greater than or equal to five (prevalence ratio 1.88; 95% CI, 1.19–2.98) were associated with nonuse of the partograph. Birth outcome was recorded in 98.8% (n=404) of partographs.ConclusionAppropriate use of the partograph to monitor mothers in labor was extremely low; most common use was to record birth outcomes. Older mothers and those with higher parity were less likely to have their labor monitored using a partograph and should be targeted for partograph interventions.
The effect of MgO/TiO2 on structural and crystallization behavior of near invert phosphate‐based glasses
Authors: Islam Md Towhidul , Sharmin Nusrat , Rance Graham A. , Titman Jeremy J. , Parsons Andrew J. , Hossain Kazi M. Zakir , Ahmed Ifty 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVarying formulations in the glass system of 40P2O5─(24 − x)MgO─(16 + x)CaO─(20 − y)Na2O─yTiO2 (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 22 and y = 0 or 1) were prepared via melt‐quenching. The structure of the glasses was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), micro Raman and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. The thermal properties and the activation energy of crystallization (Ec) were measured using thermal analysis and the Kissinger equation, respectively. The glass forming ability of the formulations investigated was seen to decrease with reducing MgO content down to 8 mol% and the glass stability region also decreased from 106 to 90°C with decreasing MgO content. The activation energy of crystallization (Ec) values also decreased from 248 (for 24 mol% MgO glass) to 229 kJ/mol (for the 8 mol% MgO content) with the replacement of MgO by CaO for glasses with no TiO2. The formulations containing less than 8 mol% MgO without TiO2 showed a strong tendency toward crystallization. However, the addition of 1 mol% TiO2 in place of Na2O for these glasses with less than 8 mol% MgO content, inhibited their crystallization tendency. Glasses containing 8 mol% MgO with 1 mol% TiO2 revealed a 12°C higher glass transition temperature, a 14°C increase in glass stability against crystallization and a 38 kJ/mol increase in Ec in comparison to their non TiO2 containing counterpart. NMR spectroscopy revealed that all of the formulations contained almost equal percentages of Q1 and Q2 species. However, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies showed that the local structure of the glasses had been altered with addition of 1 mol% TiO2, which acted as a network modifier, impeding crystallization by increasing the cross‐linking between phosphate chains and consequently leading to increased Ec as well as their glass forming ability.
Olfactory mucosa stem cells: An available candidate for the treatment of the Parkinson's disease
Authors: Simorgh Sara , Alizadeh Rafieh , Eftekharzadeh Mina , Haramshahi Seyed Mohammad Amin , Milan Peiman Brouki , Doshmanziari Maryam , Ramezanpour Farnaz , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Seifi Morteza , Moradi Fatemeh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOlfactory ectomesenchymal stem cells (OE‐MSCs) possess the immunosuppressive activity and regeneration capacity and hold a lot of promises for neurodegenerative disorders treatment. This study aimed to determine OE‐MSCs which are able to augment and differentiate into functional neurons and regenerate the CNS and also examine whether the implantation of OE‐MSCs in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra (SNpc) can improve Parkinson's symptoms in a rat model‐induced with 6‐hydroxydopamine. We isolated OE‐MSCs from lamina propria in olfactory mucosa and characterized them using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. The therapeutic potential of OE‐MSCs was evaluated by the transplantation of isolated cells using a rat model of acute SN injury as a Parkinson's disease. Significant behavioral improvement in Parkinsonian rats was elicited by the OE‐MSCs. The results demonstrate that the expression of PAX2, PAX5, PITX3, dopamine transporter, and tyrosine hydroxylase was increased by OE‐MSCs compared to the control group which is analyzed with real‐time polymerase chain reaction technique and immunohistochemical staining. In the outcome, the transplantation of 1,1′‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3′3'‐tetramethyl indocarbocyanine perchlorate labeled OE‐MSCs that were fully differentiated to dopaminergic neurons contribute to a substantial improvement in patients with Parkinson's. Together, our results provide that using OE‐MSCs in neurodegenerative disorders might lead to better neural regeneration.
Switched reluctance motor circuit drive system using adaptive nonlinear backstepping control with mended recurrent Romanovski polynomials neural network and mended particle swarm optimization
Authors: Lin Chih‐Hong , Chang Kuo‐Tsai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA switched reluctance motor (SRM) circuit drive system caused many nonlinear effects due to convex construction. The linear control methods were hard to achieve good performance for the SRM circuit drive. The adaptive nonlinear backstepping control system using switching function is proposed for controlling the SRM drive system to obtain good performance. To reduce chattering of control effort, the adaptive nonlinear backstepping control system using adaptive law is proposed to estimate the required lumped uncertainty. When the inertia of the counterweight is varying, this proposed method cannot get a satisfactory performance. The adaptive nonlinear backstepping control system using mended recurrent Romanovski polynomials neural network with adaptive law and error‐estimated law is proposed for controlling the SRM drive system to raise robustness of the SRM drive system. Furthermore, two variable learning rates in the mended recurrent Romanovski polynomials neural network are adopted by using mended particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to speed up parameter's convergence.Finally, comparative performances through some experimental results are verified that the proposed control system has better control performances than those of the proposed methods for the SRM drive system.
A review of simulation applications in temporal bone surgery
Authors: Kashikar Tanisha S. , Kerwin Thomas F. , Moberly Aaron C. , Wiet Gregory J. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundTemporal bone surgery is a technically challenging and high‐risk procedure in an anatomically complex area. Safe temporal bone surgery emphasizes a consummate anatomic understanding and technique development that requires the guidance of an experienced otologic surgeon and years of practice. Temporal bone simulation can augment otologic surgical training and enable rehearsal of surgical procedures.ObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of temporal bone simulation platforms and their uses.Data SourcesPubMed literature search. Search terms included temporal bone, temporal bone simulation, virtual reality (VR), and presurgical planning and rehearsal.DiscussionVarious simulation platforms such as cadaveric bone, three‐dimensional (3D) printed models, and VR simulation have been used for temporal bone surgery training. However, each simulation method has its drawbacks. There is a need to improve upon current simulation platforms to enhance surgical training and skills assessment, as well as a need to explore other clinically significant applications of simulation, such as preoperative planning and rehearsal, in otologic surgery.ConclusionsThere is no replacement for actual surgical experience, but high‐fidelity temporal bone models such as those produced with 3D printing and computer simulation have emerged as promising tools in otolaryngologic surgery. Improvements in the fidelity of both 3D printed and VR simulators as well as integration of a standardized assessment format would allow for an expansion in the use of these simulation platforms in training and assessment.Level of Evidence5
Living the high turbidity life: The effects of total suspended solids, flow, and gill morphology on mussel feeding
Authors: Tuttle‐Raycraft Shaylah , Ackerman Josef Daniel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractUnionid mussels from clear‐water rivers are often found in turbid waters in which their feeding and reproductive efficiency should be impaired. We examined the feeding response of Lampsilis siliquoidea from a clear and turbid river in response to increased concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) and water velocity in a funnel chamber and a recirculating flow chamber. Four TSS concentrations (0, 5, 20, and 100 mg L−1) and four velocities (0, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 m s−1) were used to create 16 experimental conditions corresponding to nine TSS flux (concentration × velocity) levels. TSS flux significantly affected clearance rates (CR); however, the relationship was complex. Increased TSS led to lower CR in mussels from clear and turbid river at all velocities; however, increases in velocity reduced the magnitude of the decline with respect to TSS. Overall, the turbid river mussels were less affected by increased TSS than those from the clear‐water rivers. The mussels from the turbid river also differed anatomically (i.e., greater palp:gill ratio; number of cilia per cirri; number of cirri cm−1; and thickness of palp cilia, and less cilia per unit area of palp) from the clear river animals. It is likely that these anatomical differences allow the mussels to feed more efficiently in turbid water, which explains the observed differences in CR response to TSS. These results demonstrate the importance of multistressor approaches in evaluating aquatic organisms, as well as providing a potential mechanism to explain how mussels thrive in turbid rivers.
Screening of Hydrogels for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Neural Cells: Hyaluronan‐Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Collagen‐Based Interpenetrating Polymer Network Provides an Improved Hydrogel Scaffold
Authors: Ylä‐Outinen Laura , Harju Venla , Joki Tiina , Koivisto Janne T. , Karvinen Jennika , Kellomäki Minna , Narkilahti Susanna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThere is a clear need for novel in vitro models, especially for neuronal applications. Development of in vitro models is a multiparameter task consisting of cell‐, biomaterial‐, and environment‐related parameters. Here, three different human origin neuronal cell sources are studied and cultured in various hydrogel 3D scaffolds. For the efficient evaluation of complex results, an indexing method for data is developed and used in principal component analysis (PCA). It is found that no single hydrogel is superior to other hydrogels, and collagen I (Col1) and hyaluronan–poly(vinyl alcohol) (HA1‐PVA) gels are combined into an interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel. The IPN gel combines cell supportiveness of the collagen gel and stability of the HA1‐PVA gel. Moreover, cell adhesion is studied in particular and it is found that adhesion of neurons differs from that observed for fibroblasts. In conclusion, the HA1‐PVA‐col1 hydrogel is a suitable scaffold for neuronal cells and supports adhesion formation in 3D.
New kink solutions for the van der Waals p‐system
Authors: Az‐Zo'bi Emad A. 
Published: June 2019

The simple equation method and modified simple equation method are employed to seek exact traveling wave solutions to the (1 + 1)‐dimensional van der Waals gas system in the viscosity‐capillarity regularization form. Under the help of Mathematica, new classes of kink solutions are derived. Numerical simulations with special choices of the free parameters are displayed by three‐ and two‐dimensional plots. The two methods demonstrate simplicity, reliability, and efficiency.
Integration of a palliative care specialist in an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinic: Observations from one center
Authors: Brizzi Kate , Paganoni Sabrina , Zehm April , De Marchi Fabiola , Berry James D. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTPalliative care specialists can aid in the care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this article, we describe our 1‐year experience incorporating a palliative care specialist into the ALS multidisciplinary team. We describe our integration model, patient selection, and visit content. Of 500 total clinic patients, 74 (14.8%) were seen by the palliative care specialist in 1 year. Referral was most often triggered by advance care planning needs (91%). In the initial visit with the palliative care specialist, topics most frequently covered included goals of care (84%), anxiety/depression (35%), and medical decision‐making about feeding tubes (27%) or tracheostomy (31%). Symptom management comprised a relatively small number of the visits, and duration of visits was limited by patient fatigue. Patients with complex goals of care may benefit from the input of a palliative care specialist, and unique integration models may help to facilitate care delivery. Muscle Nerve 60: 137–140, 2019
Health locus of control and mental health in patients with multiple sclerosis: Mediating effect of coping strategies
Authors: Wilski Maciej , Brola Waldemar , Tomczak Maciej 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), mental health is significantly affected and conditioned by many factors, including psychological ones. This study team aimed to determine whether different coping strategies mediate the relationship between health locus of control (HLC) and mental health in MS patients. In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 382 patients with MS were included. The patients completed General Health Questionnaire‐12, Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations, and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were collected using a self‐report survey and neurological assessment. A mediation analysis was used to test the study hypothesis. Problem‐oriented coping was found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between internal HLC and mental health (indirect effect: −0.129 [95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.193, −0.079]; standardized indirect effect: −0.113 [95% CI: −0.165, −0.070]). Emotion‐focused coping was found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between power of others HLC and mental health (indirect effect: 0.114 [95% CI: 0.058, 0.178]; standardized indirect effect: 0.125 [95% CI: 0.062, 0.195]). Emotion‐focused coping was also found to be a significant mediator in the relationship between chance HLC and mental health (indirect effect: 0.215 [95% CI: 0.154, 0.281]; standardized indirect effect: 0.209 [95% CI: 0.149, 0.272]). Patients with internal HLC were found to have positive mental health due to their problem‐focused coping strategies, while patients with external HLC had worse mental health as they used more emotion‐focused strategies. Hence, problem‐focused and emotion‐focused coping strategies can be considered mediators of the relationship between HLC and mental health in patients with MS.
Large‐Scale Asymmetric Synthesis of Fmoc‐(S)‐2‐Amino‐6,6,6‐Trifluorohexanoic Acid
Authors: Yin Zizhen , Moriwaki Hiroki , Abe Hidenori , Miwa Toshio , Han Jianlin , Soloshonok Vadim A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHere we report the first large‐scale synthesis of Fmoc‐(S)‐2‐amino‐6,6,6‐trifluorohexanoic acid via asymmetric alkylation of chiral Ni(II)‐complex of glycine Schiff base with CF3(CH2)3I. The synthesis was performed on over 100 g scale and can be recommended as the most advanced procedure for reliable preparation of large amounts of enantiomerically pure Fmoc‐(S)‐2‐amino‐6,6,6‐trifluorohexanoic acid for protein engineering and drug design. Chiral auxiliary used in this protocol can be >90 % recovered and reused.
Synthesis of DOPO‐based pyrazine derivative and its effect on flame retardancy and thermal stability of epoxy resin
Authors: Tang Hao , Zhu ZongMin , Chen Rui , Wang JunJie , Zhou Hong 
Published: June 2019

A novel DOPO‐based pyrazine derivative 6‐((2‐hydroxyphenyl)(pyrazin‐2‐ylamino)methyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6‐oxide (DHBAP) was triumphantly synthesized by a two‐step addition reaction using 2‐aminopyrazine, 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) as reactants, and characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR),31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and1H NMR. Afterwards, the addition type flame retardant (DHBAP) was utilized to modify epoxy resin (EP) by blending method. When the content of DHBAP in neat EP was 8 wt%, it reached to the V‐0 rating and the limited oxygen index (LOI) value up to 34.0%. Furthermore, according to the cone calorimeter (CC) test results, the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), smoke produce rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/8% DHBAP decreased by 26.3%, 21.3%, 37.0% and 60.9% when compared with neat EP, respectively, indicating that DHBAP had good inhibition on heat and smoke releases. Eventually, the flame‐retardant mechanism of DHBAP was further explored by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py‐GC/MS). The results showed that DHBAP had good flame‐retardant activity in the gasous‐condensed two phases.