bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of family practice continuity of care on unplanned hospital use for people with serious mental illness
Authors: Ride Jemimah , Kasteridis Panagiotis , Gutacker Nils , Doran Tim , Rice Nigel , Gravelle Hugh , Kendrick Tony , Mason Anne , Goddard Maria , Siddiqi Najma , Gilbody Simon , Williams Rachael , Aylott Lauren , Dare Ceri , Jacobs Rowena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether continuity of care in family practice reduces unplanned hospital use for people with serious mental illness (SMI).Data SourcesLinked administrative data on family practice and hospital utilization by people with SMI in England, 2007‐2014.Study DesignThis observational cohort study used discrete‐time survival analysis to investigate the relationship between continuity of care in family practice and unplanned hospital use: emergency department (ED) presentations, and unplanned admissions for SMI and ambulatory care‐sensitive conditions (ACSC). The analysis distinguishes between relational continuity and management/ informational continuity (as captured by care plans) and accounts for unobserved confounding by examining deviation from long‐term averages.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsIndividual‐level family practice administrative data linked to hospital administrative data.Principal FindingsHigher relational continuity was associated with 8‐11 percent lower risk of ED presentation and 23‐27 percent lower risk of ACSC admissions. Care plans were associated with 29 percent lower risk of ED presentation, 39 percent lower risk of SMI admissions, and 32 percent lower risk of ACSC admissions.ConclusionsFamily practice continuity of care can reduce unplanned hospital use for physical and mental health of people with SMI.
Mechanism Study of the Formation of Indigo Carmine–Aluminum Hydroxide Lake for Food Use
Authors: Yuan Dongdong , Wang Chengtao , Liu Ya , Lei Sheng , Wen Yanjun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAlthough aluminum lakes are widely used in food industry for dyeing demands, there is still a dearth in the understanding of the colorant lake formation mechanism. In this study, indigo carmine (IC) lake (IC–aluminum hydroxide complex), a frequently used blue lake in the food industry, was investigated in terms of kinetics, isotherms, properties of colloidal particles, infrared (IR) spectra, and titration curves. Pseudo‐second‐order model presented the strongest correlation with the kinetic data at all pH levels (R2 ≥ 0.994). In pH range from 4 to 7, the colloidal particles of aluminum hydroxide were positively charged with zeta potential around 44 mV; a further pH increase induced to a decreased zeta potential, which reached negative levels at pH 10 and beyond. Diameter maximized at pH 10 (22.47 µm) and declined when the pH was reduced. Isotherm analysis showed that the adsorption followed monolayer adsorption patterns, as described by the Langmuir isotherm model. IR spectra indicated sulfonic acid groups participated in a chemical reaction during adsorption, and the titration assay further confirmed the formation of coordination bonds between sulfonic acid groups and aluminum atoms. This study profiled the reaction responsible for the formation of the blue lake and elucidated its reaction mechanism. Furthermore, the outcome could assist in improving the production efficiency of the lake through achieving higher reaction rate and adsorption capacity.Practical ApplicationThe study elucidated the mechanism of indigo carmine (IC)–aluminum hydroxide lake formation, including profile of the adsorption process and molecular interaction between the blue dye and the hydroxide. The outcome of this study would help to improve the production efficiency of IC–aluminum hydroxide lakes, and to decrease the content of aluminum required in the lake by optimizing the production parameters to enhance the adsorption capacity of aluminum hydroxide, which would facilitate the alleviation of the potential health hazards caused by excessive intake of aluminum through foods.
Effect of Pulsed Electric Field Pretreatment of Date Palm Fruits on Free Amino Acids, Bioactive Components, and Physicochemical Characteristics of the Alcoholic Beverage
Authors: Siddeeg Azhari , Zeng Xin‐An , Rahaman Abdul , Manzoor Muhammad Faisal , Ahmed Zahoor , Ammar Al‐Farga 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis research is aimed to observe the impact of pulsed electric field (PEF) application on the free amino acids, physicochemical characteristics, and bioactive components of alcoholic beverages processed from date palm fruits. The fruits were treated by PEF (frequency: 10 Hz, treatment time: 100 µs, pulses number: 40 µs for electric field: 1.38, 2.02, and 2.92 kV/cm, respectively). A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the total free amino acids and phenolic and flavonoid contents (2.92 > 2.02 > 1.38 kV/cm) was observed. There was a minor significant difference among the treated samples in the total soluble solid, alcohol, and total sugar contents, while there were no significant changes in the other parameters, including the color attributes.Practical ApplicationThis study observed whether PEF treatment has a positive impact on the processing of alcoholic beverages of date palm fruits. PEF was found to improve the bioactive components and nutritional value of alcoholic beverages processed from date palm fruits. This finding suggests that PEF can be a better technique to enhance the quality characteristics of date palm fruit alcoholic beverages.
Exploring the accuracy of amplicon‐based internal transcribed spacer markers for a fungal community
Authors: Li Shuzhen , Deng Ye , Wang Zhujun , Zhang Zhaojing , Kong Xiao , Zhou Wenjun , Yi Yanyun , Qu Yuanyuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWith the continual improvement in high‐throughput sequencing technology and constant updates to fungal reference databases, the use of amplicon‐based DNA markers as a tool to reveal fungal diversity and composition in various ecosystems has become feasible. However, both primer selection and the experimental procedure require meticulous verification. Here, we computationally and experimentally evaluated the accuracy and specificity of three widely used or newly designed internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primer sets (ITS1F/ITS2, gITS7/ITS4 and 5.8S‐Fun/ITS4‐Fun). In silico evaluation revealed that primer coverage varied at different taxonomic levels due to differences in degeneracy and the location of primer sets. Using even and staggered mock community standards, we identified different proportions of chimeric and mismatch reads generated by different primer sets, as well as great variation in species abundances, suggesting that primer selection would affect the results of amplicon‐based metabarcoding studies. Choosing proofreading and high‐fidelity polymerase (KAPA HiFi) could significantly reduce the percentage of chimeric and mismatch sequences, further reducing inflation of operational taxonomic units. Moreover, for two types of environmental fungal communities, plant endophytic and soil fungi, it was demonstrated that the three primer sets could not reach a consensus on fungal community composition or diversity, and that primer selection, not experimental treatment, determines observed soil fungal community diversity and composition. Future DNA marker surveys should pay greater attention to potential primer effects and improve the experimental scheme to increase credibility and accuracy.
Intertemporal price discrimination with two products
Authors: Rochet Jean‐Charles , Thanassoulis John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe study the two‐product monopoly profit maximization problem for a seller who can commit to a dynamic pricing strategy. We show that if consumers' valuations are not strongly ordered, then optimality for the seller can require intertemporal price discrimination: the seller offers a choice between supplying a complete bundle now, or delaying the supply of a component of that bundle until a later date. For general valuations, we establish a sufficient condition for such dynamic pricing to be more profitable than mixed bundling. So we show that the established no‐discrimination‐across‐time result does not extend to two‐product sellers under standard taste distributions.
MetaCurator: A hidden Markov model‐based toolkit for extracting and curating sequences from taxonomically‐informative genetic markers
Authors: Richardson Rodney T. , Sponsler Douglas B. , McMinn‐Sauder Harper , Johnson Reed M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

While metabarcoding and metagenomic approaches are increasingly popular, questions remain about how best to analyse and taxonomically characterize the sequence data produced by such methods. Due to a lack of software infrastructure, important reference sequence curation steps are often ignored.

We present MetaCurator, a software package designed for automated reference sequence curation and highly generalizable across markers and study systems. MetaCurator contains two signature tools. IterRazor utilizes profile hidden Markov models and an iterative search framework to exhaustively identify and extract the precise marker of interest from available references. DerepByTaxonomy dereplicates sequences using a taxonomically aware approach, removing duplicates only when they belong to the same taxon. This is important for highly conserved markers, such as plant rbcL and trnL, which often display no sequence divergence across taxa, even at the genus level.

Using MetaCurator, we produced reference sequence databases for a popular arthropod COI marker as well as four plant barcoding markers, trnL, rbcL, ITS2 and trnH. In comparing these databases to those produced by recent and comparable studies, we show that the Metacurator pipeline exhibits greater sensitivity during sequence extraction, especially for poorly conserved markers. Further, database taxonomic richness was not decreased following sequence dereplication, as observed in previous studies.

MetaCurator is supported on OSX and Linux and is freely available under a GPL v3.0 license at https://github.com/RTRichar/MetaCurator. The reference databases produced in this work, and the commands used for curation, are available at https://github.com/RTRichar/MetabarcodeDBsV2.
Fire caused demographic attrition of the Tasmanian palaeoendemic conifer Athrotaxis cupressoides
Authors: Bowman David M. J. S. , Bliss Aimee , Bowman Clarence J. W. , Prior Lynda D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe temperate island of Tasmania is a global centre of plant endemism, with relictual lineages that persist in topographically rugged, wet and cool refugia. An iconic example of these palaeoendemic plants is the slow‐growing conifer, Athrotaxis cupressoides D. Don (Cupressaceae). The geographic range of A. cupressoides has shrunk since European settlement because of destructive anthropogenic fires. Inscription of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area in 1982 provided formal protection for Tasmania's palaeoendemic taxa, but they remain vulnerable to lightning‐ignited landscape fires, which are becoming more frequent due to climate change. We surveyed stands across the species’ range and found that stands damaged by fires in the 20th century had higher grass cover and were more exposed to hot northerly winds than unburnt stands. A recruitment bottleneck was evident, with juveniles absent in 28% of unburnt and 47% of burnt transects. Transects on small islands in lakes had lower herbivore densities and less evidence of fire than comparable mainland transects. However, the island transects had lower densities of A. cupressoides seedlings and saplings, despite similar densities of adult trees, suggesting factors other than fire and herbivory contribute to the poor regeneration. We also studied the effects of a lightning fire in 2016, finding it killed 68% of stems overall, with stems less than 30 cm diameter and those scarred by previous fires more likely to die. These findings of high adult mortality and poor regeneration following fire suggest that the geographic range of A. cupressoides will contract due to the increasing frequency of lightning‐ignited fires. Management responses to the increasing risk of landscape fires now include establishment of seed banks, restoration planting and use of irrigation to protect stands from active fires, in addition to rapid suppression of ignitions and targeted planned burning to reduce fuel loads in surrounding flammable vegetation.
Estrogen induces indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase expression via suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 in the chorionic villi and decidua of women in early pregnancy,
Authors: Li Shixiang , Zhao Shuyun , Luo Jin , Zhou Hua , Xiao Ziwen , Weng Yuhong , Wang Jun , Yang Minyan , Wang Rui , Ni Xinghua , Chen Xiaojuan , Yuan Yan , Huang Guanyou 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProblemIndoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is a key protein that participates in the protection of embryos against the mother's immune system during pregnancy. How the expression of this protein is regulated at the maternal‐fetal interface remains largely unknown.Method of studyThe chorionic villi and decidua of women in early pregnancy were collected. Tissue explants of the chorionic villi and decidua were cultured in media containing varying concentrations of 17β‐estradiol and estriol with or without fulvestrant. Western blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were used to detect the expression of IDO and the suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in the cultured tissues from chorionic villi and decidua.ResultsBoth IDO and SOCS3 were expressed in chorionic villi and decidua. The expression of IDO was increased in tissue explants from chorionic villi and decidua cultured in medium containing different concentrations of 17β‐estradiol or estriol, and this increase was reversed when fulvestrant was added to the medium. The expression of IDO was upregulated, and SOCS3 expression was downregulated the most in tissue explants from chorionic villi and decidua that were cultured in medium containing 17β‐estradiol at a concentration of 10 ng/mL or estriol at a concentration of 1 µg/mL. This increase in IDO and decrease in SOCS3 were reversed when fulvestrant was added to the medium at a concentration of 10 µg/mL.ConclusionAt a concentration similar to that present during pregnancy, estrogen may upregulate the expression of IDO via downregulating SOCS3, which implies that estrogen may contribute to the prevention of allogeneic fetal rejection, and further studies may strengthen the possibility of using estrogen as an immune modulator.
The Volumetric Political Forest: Territory, Satellite Fire Mapping, and Indonesia’s Burning Peatland
Authors: Goldstein Jenny Elaine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPeatland burning in Indonesia’s state forest has increased in recent years, causing protracted “haze” crises across Southeast Asia and opening up new ways of thinking about how the political forest extends into the atmosphere and the subterranean. I take up political geographers’ call to consider territory volumetrically, rather than as two‐dimensional area, to analyse the politics of contemporary forest territoriality and of cross‐border biophysical forest phenomena. Doing so acknowledges the increasingly volatile materiality of forests but also the ways in which state, extra‐state, and non‐state actors respond to forest‐based crises under neoliberalism. As fires in Indonesia’s peatlands affect the subterranean and atmospheric spaces beyond the enclosed surfaces that have traditionally rendered forests political through territorialisation, analysing the vertical and volumetric dimensions of forest territory reveals the ways in which contemporary political forest‐making occurs through strategic control of the expansive space above, below, and beyond forests themselves. I further suggest that such territorialisation plays out through surveillance‐based legal and representational practices, such as laws that seek culpability for polluted transboundary airspace and satellite‐based remote sensing of underground fires, in ways that obscure the economic and political objectives of such territorial strategies.
The effects of openness, altruism and instructional self‐efficacy on work engagement of MOOC instructors
Authors: Doo Min Young , Zhu Meina , Bonk Curtis J. , Tang Ying 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMany of the characteristics and nature of teaching massive open online courses (MOOCs) are different from face‐to‐face teaching, which can directly affect instructors’ work engagement and ultimately the success of MOOCs. As such, this study investigated the effects of openness, altruism and instructional self‐efficacy on MOOC instructors’ work engagement. A total of 209 MOOC instructors participated in an online survey, and their responses were analyzed. The research findings indicated that openness to experience influenced MOOC instructors’ instructional self‐efficacy and work engagement. Altruism did not directly influence work engagement of MOOC instructors; however, it indirectly affected work engagement through instructional self‐efficacy. Instructional self‐efficacy also affected MOOC instructors’ work engagement and fully mediated the relationship between altruism and work engagement. The variables examined in this study, openness, altruism and instructional self‐efficacy, were found to significantly influence work engagement of MOOC instructors. As the number of MOOCs and MOOC students increase, the importance of MOOC instructors and their work engagement will be crucial for the success of these courses. Thus, additional research is needed on the ways to enhance MOOC instructors’ work engagement.
Practitioner NotesWhat is already known about this topic

The number of MOOCs and institutions offering MOOCs has grown rapidly since 2008 to more than 11 400 MOOCs at over 900 universities in 2018.
MOOC instructors play a major role in the success of MOOCs.
Work engagement has a significant impact on performance and attitudes, including job satisfaction, organizational commitment and turnover intention.
What this paper adds

Openness to experience, altruism and instructional self‐efficacy significantly influenced work engagement of MOOC instructors.
Openness to experience influenced MOOC instructors’ instructional self‐efficacy and work engagement.
Altruism did not directly influence work engagement of MOOC instructors; however, it indirectly affected work engagement through instructional self‐efficacy.
Instructional self‐efficacy also affected MOOC instructors’ work engagement and fully mediated the relationship between altruism and work engagement.
Implications for practice and/or policy

It is important to arouse MOOC instructors’ intellectual curiosity and creativity.
To enhance MOOC instructors’ work engagement, it is necessary to enhance their instructional self‐efficacy as a prerequisite for successful MOOC teaching.
There is a need to provide MOOC instructors with the necessary information and opportunities to sharpen the skills required for teaching MOOCs effectively through MOOC instructor seminars or workshops.
Providing opportunities to teach a small online class first can improve MOOC instructors’ instructional self‐efficacy for MOOC teaching.
CB1 enhanced the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation ability of periodontal ligament stem cells via p38 MAPK and JNK in an inflammatory environment
Authors: Yan Wanhao , Cao Yangyang , Yang Haoqing , Han Nannan , Zhu Xinling , Fan Zhipeng , Du Juan , Zhang Fengqiu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesPeriodontitis is an inflammatory immune disease that causes periodontal tissue loss. Inflammatory immunity and bone metabolism are closely related to periodontitis. The cannabinoid receptor I (CB1) is an important constituent of the endocannabinoid system and participates in bone metabolism and inflammation tissue healing. It is unclear whether CB1 affects the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) function involved in periodontal tissue regeneration. In this study, we revealed the role and mechanism of CB1 in the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in an inflammatory environment.Materials and methodsAlkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining, quantitative calcium analysis and osteo/dentinogenic markers were used to assess osteo/dentinogenic differentiation. Real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blotting were employed to detect gene expression.ResultsCB1 overexpression or CB1 agonist (10 µM R‐1 Meth) promoted the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Deletion of CB1 or the application of CB1 antagonist (10 µM AM251) repressed the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. The activation of CB1 enhanced the TNF‐α‐ and INF‐γ‐impaired osteo/dentinogenic differentiation potential in PDLSCs. Moreover, CB1 activated p38 MAPK and JNK signalling and repressed PPAR‐γ and Erk1/2 signalling. Inhibition of JNK signalling could block CB1‐activated JNK and p38 MAPK signalling, while CB1 could activate p38 MAPK and JNK signalling, which was inhibited by TNF‐α and INF‐γ stimulation.ConclusionsCB1 was able to enhance the osteo/dentinogenic differentiation ability of PDLSCs via p38 MAPK and JNK signalling in an inflammatory environment, which might be a potential target for periodontitis treatment.
A typology of students in intermediate vocational education and training programmes based on student engagement factors, sociodemographic characteristics and intentions of dropping out
Authors: Cerda‐Navarro Antoni , Salva‐Mut Francesca , Comas Forgas Ruben 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe main objective of this article is to define a typology of students enrolled in intermediate vocational education and training programmes in Spain. Students were first placed in groups based on various factors related to engagement. Then, their sociodemographic characteristics were analysed. Finally, the intentions of dropping out were considered in each of the groups. The results obtained describe a typology of students consisting of five groups with different levels of engagement. Each of the groups is associated with distinct sociodemographic characteristics and shows notable differences with regards to intentions of leaving their studies. The results of this research can serve to detect and prevent drop‐outs that take place at this level by identifying at‐risk profiles and creating more adequate approaches and interventions.
Workplace conditions for successful teacher professional development: School principals’ beliefs and practices
Authors: Gaikhorst Lisa , März Virginie , du Pré Rosa , Geijsel Femke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractResearch has increasingly shown that school principals exercised a significant role in teacher professional development (TPD). Nevertheless, the insights into the particular influence they exert in this process and how it is exercised still need to be developed. This article focuses on what school principals consider important working conditions for TDP and which leadership practices they use to realise these conditions in their schools. Using a multiple case study design, including 20 semi‐strcutured interviews with primary school principals, the findings show that they consider both structural (sufficient time and evaluation of TDP interventions) and cultural (an open work climate and collaboration) conditions to be important for TDP. Additionally, school principals emphasise the significance of teachers’ learning attitudes, differentiation in professionnalisation efforts and knowledge sharing in their schools. Furthermore, the results highlight that they have trouble in realising these working conditions, especially those for internal learning activities (such as an open work climate). Based on the results, recommendations are made for further research and policy makers concerning the preparation and support that principals need to realise (internal) TDP in their schools.