bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beta band oscillatory deficits during working memory encoding in adolescents with attention‐deficit hyperactive disorder
Authors: Zammit Nowell , Muscat Richard 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioural disorder, characterized by symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity, in addition to various cognitive deficits, including working memory impairments. This pathology arises from a complex constellation of genetic, structural and neurotransmission abnormalities, which give rise to the aberrant electrophysiological patterns evident in patients with ADHD. Among such, findings have consistently provided support in favour of weaker power across the beta frequency range. Evidence has also emerged that beta rhythmic decrements are linked to working memory encoding. The catecholaminergic modulation of both working memory and beta oscillations may suggest that the link between the two might be rooted at the neurotransmission level. Studies have consistently shown that ADHD involves significant catecholaminergic dysregulation, which is also supported by other clinical studies that demonstrate stimulant‐induced amelioration of ADHD symptomology. In this study, we explore the possible ways that might relate ADHD, working memory, beta rhythms and catecholaminergic signalling altogether by investigating the integrity of encoding‐relevant electroencephalographic beta rhythms in medication‐naïve and stimulant‐medicated adolescent patients. The aberrant parietal and frontal encoding‐related beta rhythm revealed in the ADHD patients together with a working memory (WM) deficit as observed herein was reversed by methylphenidate in the latter case but not with regard to the beta rhythm. This finding per se raises the issue of the role played by beta rhythms in the WM deficits associated with ADHD.
Understanding the immune landscape in atopic dermatitis: The era of biologics and emerging therapeutic approaches
Authors: Moyle Matthew , Cevikbas Ferda , Harden Jamie L. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that affects the skin and is characterized by persistent itch and marked redness. AD is associated with an increased risk of skin infections and a reduced quality of life. Most AD treatment options to date were not designed to selectively target disease‐causing pathways that have been established for this indication. Topical therapies have limited efficacy in moderate‐to‐severe disease, and systemic agents such as corticosteroids and immunosuppressants present with tolerability issues. Advances in the understanding of AD pathobiology have made possible a new generation of more disease‐specific AD therapies. AD is characterized by the inappropriate activation of type 2 T helper (Th2) cells and type 2 innate lymphoid (ILC2) cells, with a predominant increase in type 2 cytokines in the skin, including interleukin (IL)‐13 and IL‐4. Both cytokines are implicated in tissue inflammation and epidermal barrier dysfunction, and monoclonal antibodies targeting each of these interleukins or their receptors are in clinical development in AD. In March 2017, dupilumab, a human anti–IL‐4Rα antibody, became the first biologic to receive approval in the United States for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe AD. The anti–IL‐13 monoclonal antibodies lebrikizumab and tralokinumab, which bind different IL‐13 epitopes with potentially different effects, are currently in advanced‐stage trials. Here, we briefly review the underlying pathobiology of AD, the scientific basis for current AD targets, and summarize current clinical studies of these agents, including new research to develop both predictive and response biomarkers to further advance AD therapy in the era of precision medicine.
Life history consequences of developing in anthropogenic noise
Authors: Gurule‐Small Gabrielle A. , Tinghitella Robin M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhen environments change rapidly, adaptive phenotypic plasticity can ameliorate negative effects of environmental change on survival and reproduction. Recent evidence suggests, however, that plastic responses to human‐induced environmental change are often maladaptive or insufficient to overcome novel selection pressures. Anthropogenic noise is a ubiquitous and expanding disturbance with demonstrated effects on fitness‐related traits of animals like stress responses, foraging, vigilance, and pairing success. Elucidating the lifetime fitness effects of noise has been challenging because longer‐lived vertebrate systems are typically studied in this context. Here, we follow noise‐stressed invertebrates throughout their lives, assessing a comprehensive suite of life history traits, and ultimately, lifetime number of surviving offspring. We reared field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus, in masking traffic noise, traffic noise from which we removed frequencies that spectrally overlap with the crickets’ mate location song and peak hearing (nonmasking), or silence. We found that exposure to masking noise delayed maturity and reduced adult lifespan; crickets exposed to masking noise spent 23% more time in juvenile stages and 13% less time as reproductive adults than those exposed to no traffic noise. Chronic lifetime exposure to noise, however, did not affect lifetime reproductive output (number of eggs or surviving offspring), perhaps because mating provided females a substantial longevity benefit. Nevertheless, these results are concerning as they highlight multiple ways in which traffic noise may reduce invertebrate fitness. We encourage researchers to consider effects of anthropogenic disturbance on growth, survival, and reproductive traits simultaneously because changes in these traits may amplify or nullify one another.
Soil hydrological properties as influenced by long‐term nitrogen application and landscape positions under switchgrass seeded to a marginal cropland
Authors: Singh Navdeep , Dhaliwal Jashanjeet Kaur , Sekaran Udayakumar , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) has the potential to recover the soil hydrological properties of marginal lands. Nitrogen (N) and landscape position are the key factors in impacting these soil properties under switchgrass. The specific objective of this study was to investigate the responses of N rate (low, 0 kg N/ha and high, 112 kg N/ha) and landscape positions (shoulder and footslope) on near‐surface soil hydrological properties that included: infiltration rate (qs), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), bulk density (ρb), penetration resistance (SPR), water retention (SWR), pore‐size distribution (PSD), and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fractions under switchgrass production. Data showed that, in general, the N and landscape position significantly influenced soil hydrological properties. Higher N rate decreased ρb (1.23 and 1.36 g/cm3 at 0–5 and 5–15 cm, respectively) and SPR (1.06 and 1.53 MPa at 0–5 and 5–15 cm, respectively) at both depths and increased the qs, Ksat and Green–Ampt estimated sorptivity (S) and hydraulic conductivity (Ks) parameters, and SWR (0–5 cm depth) at 0 and −0.4 kPa matric potentials (ψm). Furthermore, footslope position significantly decreased ρb, SPR at 0–5 and 5–15 cm depths, and increased the qs, Ksat, S, Ks, and SWR (0–5 cm depth) at every ψm ranged from 0 to −30.0 kPa. The higher N rate increased the coarse mesopores (60–1,000 μm) and total pores, whereas, footslope position increased the coarse mesopores, micropores (<60 μm), and total pores. Data from this study showed that planting switchgrass with 112 kg N/ha under footslope position helped in improving the soil hydrological properties, those can be beneficial in enhancing the biomass yield under marginal lands.
BRAF V600E immunohistochemistry demonstrates that some sessile serrated lesions with adenomatous dysplasia may represent collision lesions
Authors: Bettington Mark , Liu Cheng , Gill Anthony , Walker Neal , Leggett Barbara , Whitehall Vicki , Rosty Christophe 
Published: March 2019

AimsSessile serrated lesions (SSL) with dysplasia are uncommon polyps with a high risk of rapid malignant transformation. Most of these lesions have a BRAF mutation and 75% show loss of MLH1 expression in their dysplastic component. Different morphological patterns of dysplasia occurring in these polyps have recently been described. We hypothesised that a subset of SSLs with dysplasia mimicking the dysplasia seen in conventional adenoma (adenomatous dysplasia) may represent a collision lesion between an ordinary SSL and a conventional adenoma.Methods and resultsWe selected 80 SSLs with dysplasia, including 19 with adenomatous dysplasia, 18 with serrated dysplasia and 43 with dysplasia not otherwise specified (NOS). BRAF mutation analysis was performed using molecular testing (allelic discrimination) and the mutation‐specific BRAF‐V600E immunohistochemistry (clone VE1). The overall BRAF‐V600E mutation rate was 84% in all lesions, 68% in SSLs with adenomatous dysplasia, 89% in SSLs with serrated dysplasia and 88% in SSLs with dysplasia NOS. From the 63 SSLs with dysplasia that were positive for the BRAF‐V600E mutation, a negative BRAF‐V600E immunostaining was observed in the dysplastic component of 83% of SSLs with adenomatous dysplasia, 0% of SSLs with serrated dysplasia and 3% of SSLs with dysplasia NOS (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that SSLs with adenomatous dysplasia may not represent advanced SSLs, but instead may be a collision between a non‐dysplastic SSL and a conventional adenoma.
High thermal conductivity silicon nitride ceramics prepared by pressureless sintering with ternary sintering additives
Authors: Duan Yusen , Zhang Jingxian , Li Xiaoguang , Bai Hainan , Sajgalik Pavol , Jiang Dongliang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSilicon nitride ceramics were pressureless sintered at low temperature using ternary sintering additives (TiO2, MgO and Y2O3), and the effects of sintering aids on thermal conductivity and mechanical properties were studied. TiO2–Y2O3–MgO sintering additives will react with the surface silica present on the silicon nitride particles to form a low melting temperature liquid phase which allows liquid phase sintering to occur and densification of the Si3N4. The highest flexural strength was 791(±20) MPa with 12 wt% additives sintered at 1780°C for 2 hours, comparable to the samples prepared by gas pressure sintering. Fracture toughness of all the specimens was higher than 7.2 MPa·m1/2 as the sintering temperature was increased to 1810°C. Thermal conductivity was improved by prolonging the dwelling time and adopting the annealing process. The highest thermal conductivity of 74 W/(m∙K) was achieved with 9 wt% sintering additives sintered at 1810°C with 4 hours holding followed by postannealing.
The effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus proteinase on properties of milk gel acidified with glucono‐δ‐lactone
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Zhang Yan , Li Meng , Luo Xue , Xiao Ming , Sun Qi , Xie Fengying , Zhang Lanwei 
Published: March 2019

SummaryLactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus CH9‐3 proteinase is an enzyme that plays an important role in yogurt fermentation, by which its use is linked to gel properties of yogurt. In this work, a modified glucono‐δ‐lactone (GDL) acidification model was used to simulate the fermentation of yogurt and study the effect of CH9‐3 proteinase on GDL‐acidified milk gel. The results showed that the proteinase significantly improved the quality of milk gel by increasing its firmness, consistency, and viscosity index, while decreasing its syneresis. Furthermore, the proteinase could accelerate the formation of milk gel as indicated by the decrease in surface charge of milk gel. The findings demonstrate that CH9‐3 proteinase has a positive effect on the properties of milk gel, and thus may have promising applications in the yogurt making industry.
Membrane fatty acids composition and fluidity modification in Salmonella Typhimurium by culture temperature and resistance under pulsed electric fields
Authors: Wang Ruo‐Yong , Ou Yun , Zeng Xin‐An , Guo Chang‐Jiang 
Published: March 2019

SummaryEffects of various growth temperatures on cell membrane fatty acid composition of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and the resistance to Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) treatments, as well as PEF combining with mild‐thermal (35, 45, 55 °C) treatments were investigated. Results indicated that the PEF resistance of S. Typhimurium at stationary phase was varied markedly at different growth temperatures. S. Typhimurium grown at 45 °C exhibited greater PEF resistance than cells grown at a lower temperature. Alteration of membrane fatty acid composition decreased in the unsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio (UFA/SFA) and increased in cyclopropane fatty acids (CFA) proportion as growth temperature increased. It was found that the PEF resistance of S. Typhimurium at stationary phase was in a membrane fluidity dependent manner. Thermal combined PEF treatment improved the PEF lethality which indicated that the PEF resistance of S. Typhimurium was greatly affected by the fluidity of cytomembrane.
The multiperiod two‐dimensional non‐guillotine cutting stock problem with usable leftovers
Authors: Birgin E. G. , Romão O. C. , Ronconi D. P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA mixed integer linear programing model for the two‐dimensional non‐guillotine cutting problem with usable leftovers was recently introduced by Andrade et al. The problem consists in cutting a set of ordered items using a set of objects of minimum cost and, within the set of solutions of minimum cost, maximizing the value of the usable leftovers. Since the concept of usable leftovers assumes they can potentially be used to attend new arriving orders, the problem is extended to the multiperiod framework in this work. In this way, the decision at each instant does not minimize in a myopic way the cost of the objects required to attend the orders of the current instant; but it aims to minimize the overall cost of the objects up to the considered time horizon. Some variants of the proposed model are analyzed and numerical results are presented.
Trans‐Arctic speciation of Florideophyceae (Rhodophyta) since the opening of the Bering Strait, with consideration of the “species pump” hypothesis
Authors: Bringloe Trevor T. , Saunders Gary W. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThe opening of the Bering Strait initiated significant biotic interchange that is postulated to have played a major role in phylogeographical patterns of northern marine flora and fauna. In addition, the “species pump” hypothesis asserts that glaciation events promoted speciation due to repeated isolation of populations over the past 2.6 million years. Here, trans‐Arctic speciation events in red marine macroalgae (Florideophyceae) were assessed using time‐calibrated phylogenies, and the applicability of the “species pump” hypothesis was considered.LocationSpecies records and sequence data for trans‐arctic genera of marine macroalgae were amalgamated and supplemented with sampling from the Northwest Atlantic, Northern Alaska (Beaufort Sea), Norway, and Nome, Alaska (Bering Sea; 2014–2017).MethodsBayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenies were variously built using the 5′ end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI‐5P), and/or the full‐length nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), and/or the ribulose‐1 5‐biphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene (rbcL), and nodes were timed using calibrated COI‐5P and rbcL molecular clocks. The final dataset represented approximately 184 species, broadly representing 14 trans‐arctic lineages.ResultsPacific to Atlantic migration and subsequent speciation was inferred in 11 cases, whereas the opposite scenario, atlantic to pacific, was inferred once; only three speciation events appeared to occur during the Pleistocene.Main conclusionsOur results are in agreement with previous studies in that trans‐arctic speciation events postdated the opening of the Bering Strait with a clear pacific to atlantic bias. Evidence for the “species pump” (as applied to trans‐arctic interchange) was lacking given the frequency of trans‐arctic speciation events was not amplified during the Pleistocene.
The adjunctive effect of a titanium brush in implant surface decontamination at peri‐implantitis surgical regenerative interventions: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: de Tapia Beatriz , Valles Cristina , Ribeiro-Amaral Tiago , Mor Carolina , Herrera David , Sanz Mariano , Nart José 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate an additional mechanical approach, a titanium brush, in the implant surface decontamination performed during the regenerative surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis.Material and MethodsA randomized double‐blinded clinical trial, with a 1‐year follow‐up, was carried out. After a hygienic phase, peri‐implantitis‐affected implants were randomly assigned to a control or to a test group. In the control group, implant surface was decontaminated both mechanically and chemically with 3% H2O2 and plastic ultrasonic scalers, respectively, while in the test group, a titanium brush was also applied. Intrabony defects in both groups were filled with an alloplastic material (β‐tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite) and covered with a collagen membrane. The primary outcome was the reduction in probing pocket depth (PPD) at the deepest site.ResultsThirty patients were included, 15 in each group. At 12 months, reduction in PPD was 4.87 (standard deviation [SD] 1.55) mm and 2.85 (SD: 1.91) mm, respectively (p = 0.009). The correspondent figures for residual PPD were 3.6 (SD: 0.91) and 4.92 (SD: 1.26) mm, respectively (p = 0.007).ConclusionsThe additional use of a titanium brush during regenerative treatment of peri‐implantitis resulted in statistically significant benefits in terms of PPD reduction after 12 months.
Clinical benefits of systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole may depend on periodontitis severity and patients' age: An exploratory sub‐analysis of the ABPARO trial
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Koch Raphael , Kocher Thomas , Hoffmann Thomas , Kim Ti‐Sun , Meyle Joerg , Kaner Doğan , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Harmsen Dag , Harks Inga , Ehmke Benjamin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimThe aim was to identify benefit thresholds for clinical variables. We hypothesize, if variables fall below or exceed these threshold levels, systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole may contribute to reducing progression of periodontitis.Material & MethodsThis is an explorative per‐protocol collective analysis (n = 345) conducted on the placebo‐controlled, multi‐centre ABPARO trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00707369). Patients received debridement with systemic amoxicillin 500 mg/metronidazole 400 mg (3×/day, 7 days, n = 170) or placebo (n = 175) and maintenance therapy every three months. To identify thresholds, each of the following baseline characteristics was classified into two groups (≥threshold value/<threshold value): bleeding on probing, extent of pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥ 5 mm, mean clinical attachment level and age. Treatment effect (% of sites with new attachment loss ≥ 1.3 mm at 27.5 months post‐treatment) was calculated.ResultsAdjunctive antimicrobials reduced median new attachment loss in patients < 55 years (5.2%), or with ≥ 35% PPD ≥ 5 mm (4.5%) or with a mean attachment level > 5 mm (5.2%) at baseline compared to the placebo (9.0%, 11.6%, and 12.5%, respectively; p < 0.005).ConclusionsThe clinical benefits of systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole may depend on periodontitis severity and patients' age.
Glycine increases glyoxalase‐1 function by promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 translocation into the nucleus of kidney cells of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Zhao Dan , Chen Lei , Li Jingjing , Yuan Geheng , Yang Guosheng , Zhang Hong , Guo Xiaohui , Zhang Junqing 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe have previously reported that glycine suppresses the advanced glycation end‐products signaling pathway and mitigates subsequent oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic rats. In the present study, we investigated whether this beneficial effect was associated with upregulation of glyoxalase‐1 (Glo1) and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2).Materials and MethodsBoth healthy rats and streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats were administrated with glycine (1% added to the drinking water) for 12 weeks. The function of Glo1, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expressions of Nrf2, and markers of oxidative status were measured in the kidneys. The mRNA expressions of other downstream signaling molecules of the Nrf2 pathway were also determined.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expressions, as well as the activity of Glo1, were decreased in the kidneys of diabetic rats, accompanied by diminished glutathione levels. After glycine treatment, these parameters of Glo1 function were markedly increased. Compared with the control group, the levels of Nrf2 mRNA and protein in the total kidney lysis were both markedly elevated in the diabetic group and glycine‐treated group. However, the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was significantly increased in the glycine‐treated group than in the diabetic group. In addition, the anti‐oxidant capacity and the expressions of other downstream molecules of the Nrf2 signaling pathway were significantly increased after glycine treatment.ConclusionsThe present study shows that glycine might enhance the function of Glo1 and restore anti‐oxidant defense by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thus inhibiting advanced glycation end‐products formation and protecting against renal oxidative stress.
The effect of electroconvulsive seizure on survival, neuronal differentiation, and expression of the maturation marker in the adult mouse hippocampus
Authors: Ueno Miyuki , Sugimoto Mami , Ohtsubo Keisuke , Sakai Naoto , Endo Akane , Shikano Kisako , Imoto Yuki , Segi‐Nishida Eri 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElectroconvulsive seizure (ECS), a model of electroconvulsive therapy in rodents, strongly increases neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Neurogenesis is a multi‐step process that spans proliferation, survival, neuronal differentiation, and functional maturation. Our previous study demonstrated that ECS stimulates the proliferation of neural stem‐like cells. However, the contribution of ECS to survival, neuronal differentiation, and maturation in newborn cells remains unknown. To evaluate the effect of ECS on these processes, we labeled newborn cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) before ECS treatment to determine the cell age and examined the survival rate and expression of cellular markers in the BrdU‐labeled cells. Our results revealed that exposure to ECS (11 repetitions) during the differentiation phase significantly increased survival and promoted neuronal differentiation of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus. Four of ECS repetitions during the early differentiation phase were sufficient to promote dendritic outgrowth in immature neurons and enhance the expression of the immature neuronal marker, calretinin, in newborn cells. In contrast, exposure to ECS (11 repetitions) during the late maturation phase significantly suppressed the expression of the mature neuronal marker, calbindin, in newborn neurons. These results demonstrate that ECS during the differentiation phase promoted survival and neuronal differentiation and, in contrast, suppressed mature marker expression during the late maturation phase, suggesting that ECS has multiple effects on the different stages of adult neurogenesis.
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