bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Вдосконалення машин для виготовлення паливного матеріалу необхідної фракції для побутового використання
Authors: Ляшенко С. В. , Пошивайло Ю. О. 
Published: March 2019

Розглянуто використання паливного матеріалу в умовах особистого селянського господарства. Проведений аналіз ефективності різних видів біопалива. Обґрунтовано доцільність використання деревної тріски в якості альтернативного біопалива. Наведено аналіз конструкцій промислових машин для виготовлення тріски. Встановлено, що для проектування побутового тріскорізу в його конструкції слід передбачити дисково-ножовий робочий орган та калібрувальне решето.
The use of fuel material in the conditions of a personal peasant economy is considered. An analysis of the effectiveness of different types of biofuels is carried out. The expediency of using wood chips as an alternative to biofuel is substantiated. The analysis of constructions of industrial machines for making of wood chips is presented. It is established that for designing a household chipper its construction should be provided disk-knife working element and calibration sieve.
Капіляріоз у складі мікстінвазій травного каналу гусей
Authors: Єресько В. І. , Коваленко В. О. 
Published: March 2019

У статті наведені результати проведених досліджень щодо перебігу капіляріозу у складі мікстінвазій травного каналу гусей на території господарств Полтавської області. Встановлено, що співчленами паразитоценозу гусей разом зі збудником капіляріозу можуть бути нематоди, цестоди та найпростіші організми. Капілярії частіше реєструються у комбінації з двома (62,9 %) і трьома (27,5 %) видами паразитів у вигляді капіляріозно-гангулетеракозної, капіляріозно-амідостомозної та капіляріозно-еймеріозної асоціативних інвазій. Капіляріозну моноінвазію копроскопічно діагностовано у 25,6 % хворої на капіляріоз птиці.
The article presents the results of conducted researches on the flow of capillariasis in the composition of the mixtinvasions of the digestive canal of geese in the farms of Poltava region. It was established that sympathizers of parasitocenosis of geese, together with the causative agent of capillariosis, may be nematodes, cestodes and protozoa organisms. Capillaries are more often registered in combination with two (62.9 %) and three (27.5 %) types of parasites in the form of capillary-gangulereacous, capillary-amidostomy and capillary-eymeric associative invasions. Capillary monoinvasion was diagnosed coproscopically in 25.6 % of the patient bird by capillariasis.
Pencil Grip Patterns of Students and Skilled Workers
Authors: Ojigho Efe Jennifer , Odokuma Igho Emmanuel 
Published: March 2019

Background: Pencil grip can be defined via detailed descriptions of the variables constituting the grip and it commences in the preschool years with writing instruments and therefore relevant to graphologists, forensic medicine and anthropology. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the diversity of pencil grip patterns among students and skilled workers in Delta State, Nigeria. The research also aimed at determining the effects of sociodemographic factors, handedness,and handwriting speed on pencil grip patters.
Methods: Stratified random sampling was employed in this cross sectional observational study. Five hundred and fourty three volunteers between the ages of 11-77 years were investigated. Students were observed while writing from their textbooks and skilled workers were observed writing from any available news paper. Photograph of the writing hand was captured with the digital canon camera. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20. Kruska wallis test was used to establish relationship between pencil grip patterns and sociodemographic factors. Handwriting speed was determined by a speed score (letters per minute) and timed for 60 secounds for each participant. A self administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on sociodemographic factors.
Results: This investigation demonstrates that gender had a significant effect on pencil grip patterns among secondary students (p<0.05)(K.W=7.54. df=1. p=0.01). Further observation showed that age and profession had a significant effect on pencil grip patterns among skilled workers at p<0.05 (K.W= 43.09,134.69 ,df=3,3, p=0.00,0.00).
Conclusions: Findings from this investigation present the dynamic tripod grip as the most predominant grip pattern in the studied population.
Effect of Air Pollutants on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of Public Bus Drivers in Bhaktapur, Nepal
Authors: Karki Prabin Kumar , Kharel Sushil , Khakurel Gita , Tiwari Nripendra 
Published: March 2019

Background: Rapid increase in number of vehicles in Kathmandu valley over past decade and never ending road expansion projects has aggravated air pollution. People involved in transportation jobs for long duration like bus drivers, conductors are more vulnerable to ill effects of air pollutants. The purpose of the present study was to assess lung function of public bus drivers exposed to outdoor air pollution by means of PEFR.
Methods: Fifty healthy, non smoking bus drivers were selected randomly from bus parks of Bhaktapur district. Anthropological records were taken. PEFR value was obtained by Mini Wright’s peak flow meter. Their mean PEFR was compared with 50, age matched control group involved in other office works.
Results: The PEFR value was significantly lower among bus drivers than the control group (p<0.001). Mean PEFR decreased with increasing age and increased duration of bus driving.
Conclusions: Our study concluded that PEFR value among bus drivers who are exposed to air pollutants for long period of time was significantly reduced.
Self-Medication Practices in Surrounding Communities of Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Surya Bahadur , Mishra Anjali , KC Heera , Bhattarai Prem , Karki Sharad , Pandit Rajan , Dahal Prasanna 
Published: March 2019

Background: Self-medication is the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders/symptoms, or the intermittent/continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic/recurrent disease/symptoms (WHO). It is the cause for antibiotic resistance, inappropriate treatment, financial burden and many deaths. WHO listed self-medication as one of the priority research area at the local context. The objective of the study was to find the prevalence and pattern of self-medication in surrounding communities of Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the surrounding communities of Birat Medical College from 1st August 2018 to 15th December 2018. Multistage sampling was used to collect information from 348 household having family members aged 16 years and above. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Birat Medical College. Pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 40.5±15.9 years. Prevalence of self-medication was 44.04%. Majority took self-medication for headache 43.6% followed by common cold 39.1% etc. Majority used allopathic drugs 82.7% followed by traditional healers 9.8%. Common medication were antipyretics 18.8%, antibiotics 16.5%, proton pump inhibitor 7.5%, antihistamines 6.8% etc. The reason behind self-medication were low cost 30.1%, time saving 24.1%, illness too trivial/mild for consultation 18.8%, quick relief 18.1%, high doctor fee 15 %, lack of awareness 13.5 %, familiar with treatment options 12.8%, long waiting line in hospital 12% etc. Out of them 8.3% noticed side effects of self-medication. Out of all 59.5% felt the need of awareness program on rational use of medicines. Age, sex, marital status, ethnicity, religion, education and occupation of participants, education and occupation of head of household, poverty status, family type, house residence type, type of house has no significant association with self-medication. Participants residing in alani/rent households were 1.93 times more likely to self-medicate than those residing in their own and participants having negative attitude were 1.90 times more likely to self-medicate than those who had positive attitude and both were statistically significant.
Conclusions: The burden of self-medication was present and allopathic drugs including antibiotics were common. Adverse drug reactions were reported but participants were unaware about the place to report. Participants had negative attitude towards self-medication which is harmful for their health. As pharmacy was the common source of self-medication, the prescription based medicine dispensary should be advocated.
Análise fitoquímica e toxicológica de Pothomorphe umbellata
Authors: Arruda Ana Carolina de Souza Toesca , Baalbaki Dalia Kassem , Freitas Gabriella Ribeiro de , Zamarioli Lucas Santos , Martins Soraya Pinheiro , Oliveira Carlos Rocha 
Published: March 2019

O trabalho demonstra os resultados obtidos de análises de toxicidade aguda e análises fitoquímicas da planta Pothomorphe umbellata, também conhecida como pariparoba, sendo este natural da mata Atlântica indo da Amazônia até a região do estado de São Paulo e Paraná, usada popularmente para fins terapêuticos pela população. Os testes foram respectivamente o DPPH, HPLC flavonoides e fenóis totais. Estudos apontam que a Pothomorphe umbellata possui atividade antioxidante e antienvelhecimento devido a presença da fenilpropanóide 4-nerolidilcatecol.
A toxicologia estuda o efeito de determinadas substâncias em organismos vivos. Portanto, realizou-se o teste agudo-letal em Artemia salina, que consiste na análise da exposição do bioindicador ao composto durante um intervalo de 24 horas. Entretanto, diversos fatores ambientais como luz, umidade e concentração das substâncias influenciam na eficiência dos resultados.
Pothomorphe Umbellata é composta quimicamente por nerolidilcatechol, pigmentos, flavonóides, lactonas diterpênicas, saponinas, fitosteróis, polifenóis, taninos e óleos essenciais.
Os resultados sugerem boa margem de segurança em relação ao uso da planta analisada, em virtude da presença de alto nível de intoxicação provocada por esta, ou seja, o propósito deste artigo é contribuir para a análise do impacto da intoxicação por Pothomorphe Umbellata.
O estudo acima foi conduzido na Universidade Anhembi Morumbi, campus Mooca, durante o período de agosto de 2017 a setembro de 2018.
Geographical trends in academic conferences: An analysis of authors’ affiliations
Authors: Mannocci Andrea , Osborne Francesco , Motta Enrico 
Published: March 2019

In the last decade, the research literature has reached an enormous volume with an unprecedented current annual increase of 1.5 million new publications. As research gets ever more global and new countries and institutions, either from academia or corporate environments, start to contribute, it is important to monitor this complex phenomenon and understand its dynamics and equilibria. We present a study on a conference proceedings dataset extracted from Springer Nature SciGraph that illustrates insightful geographical trends and highlights the unbalanced growth of competitive research institutions worldwide in the 1996–2016 period. The main contribution of this work is fourfold. In the first instance, we found that the distributions of institutions and publications among countries follow a power law, consistently with previous literature, i.e., very few countries keep producing most of the papers accepted by high-tier conferences. Secondly, we show how the turnover rate of country rankings is extremely low and steadily declines over time, suggesting an alarmingly static landscape in which new entries struggle to emerge. We also performed an analysis of the venue locations and their effect on the distribution of countries involved in the publications, underlining the central role of Europe and China as knowledge hubs. Finally, we evidence the presence of an increasing gap between the number of institutions initiating and overseeing research endeavours (i.e. first and last authors’ affiliations) and the total number of institutions participating in research. The paper also discusses our experience in working with authors’ affiliations: an utterly simple matter at first glance, that is instead revealed to be a complex research and technical challenge.
Correlation of Lobar Cerebral Microbleeds with Amyloid, Perfusion, and Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Sheikh-Bahaei Nasim , Manavaki Roido , Sajjadi S. Ahmad , Priest Andrew N. , O’Brien John T. , Gillard Jonathan H. 
Published: March 2019

Background: Despite the well-documented relationship between lobar cerebral microbleeds (lCMB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), there is limited knowledge about the role of lCMB in AD pathology. Objective: To understand the nature of this relationship, we investigated the association between lCMB, amyloid load, perfusion, and metabolism. Methods: Participants with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls were recruited and scanned with 11C-Pittsburg-Compound B (PiB), Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and susceptibility-weighted MRI. Early PiB-PET frames were used to estimate perfusion. The association between lCMB and PET uptake in each anatomical lobe was measured using multiple regression models. Results: The presence of lCMB predicted increased total ( p < 0.001) and regional ( p = 0.0002) PiB uptake, as well as decreased cerebral perfusion ( p = 0.03). Cases with lCMB had hypometabolism in their temporal lobe ( p = 0.04). Conclusion: There are significant relationships between lCMBs and various markers of AD pathology. lCMB has a spatial association with Aβ load and a complex effect on perfusion and metabolism.
Multivariate Prediction of Hippocampal Atrophy in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liedes Hilkka , Lötjönen Jyrki , Kortelainen Juha M. , Novak Gerald , van Gils Mark , Gordon Mark Forrest ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   and the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing
Published: March 2019

Background: Hippocampal atrophy (HA) is one of the biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: To identify the best biomarkers and develop models for prediction of HA over 24 months using baseline data. Methods: The study included healthy elderly controls, subjects with mild cognitive impairment, and subjects with AD, obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI 1) and the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) databases. Predictor variables included cognitive and neuropsychological tests, amyloid-β, tau, and p-tau from cerebrospinal fluid samples, apolipoprotein E, and features extracted from magnetic resonance images (MRI). Least-mean-squares regression with elastic net regularization and least absolute deviation regression models were tested using cross-validation in ADNI 1. The generalizability of the models including only MRI features was evaluated by training the models with ADNI 1 and testing them with AIBL. The models including the full set of variables were not evaluated with AIBL because not all needed variables were available in it. Results: The models including the full set of variables performed better than the models including only MRI features (root-mean-square error (RMSE) 1.76–1.82 versus 1.93–2.08). The MRI-only models performed well when applied to the independent validation cohort (RMSE 1.66–1.71). In the prediction of dichotomized HA (fast versus slow), the models achieved a reasonable prediction accuracy (0.79–0.87). Conclusions: These models can potentially help identifying subjects predicted to have a faster HA rate. This can help in selection of suitable patients into clinical trials testing disease-modifying drugs for AD.
Observational Study of Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Decline Comparing a Sample of Community-Dwelling People Taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Over Time
Authors: Moran Chris , Xie Kenneth , Poh Su , Chew Sarah , Beare Richard , Wang Wei , Callisaya Michele , Srikanth Velandai 
Published: March 2019

Background: Hypertension is an established risk factor for dementia. However, it is unclear whether there are differential effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) on brain health. In human observational studies, the evidence for superiority of either agent remains unclear. Objective: To compare brain atrophy and cognitive decline between people treated with ACEi or ARB. Methods: Participants aged 55–90 years without dementia had brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessments performed at 3 time points. The sample was enriched with people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Multivariable mixed models were used to examine longitudinal associations of antihypertensive medication class with change in cognition and total brain volume. Results: Of 565 people with longitudinal data, there were 163 on ACEi (mean age 69.9 years, T2D:64% with) and 125 on ARB (mean age 69.6 years, T2D:62%) at baseline. The baseline characteristics of those taking either an ACEi or ARB were similar with regards to age, sex, blood pressure control, and vascular risk factors. The mean duration of follow up was 3.2 years. The baseline association of ACEi and ARB use with total brain volume was similar in both groups. However, those taking an ARB had a slower rate of brain atrophy than those taking an ACEi ( p = 0.031). Neither ACEi nor ARB use was associated with baseline cognitive function or cognitive decline. Conclusions: These results support the theory that ARB may be preferable to ACEi to reduce brain atrophy. The mechanisms underlying this differential association warrant further investigation.
Methylene Blue Inhibits Formation of Tau Fibrils but not of Granular Tau Oligomers: A Plausible Key to Understanding Failure of a Clinical Trial for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Soeda Yoshiyuki , Saito Marino , Maeda Sumihiro , Ishida Kohki , Nakamura Akira , Kojima Shuichi , Takashima Akihiko 
Published: March 2019

Alzheimer’s disease pathology is characterized by extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular inclusions of hyperphosphorylated tau. Although genetic studies of familial Alzheimer’s disease suggest a causal link between Aβ and disease symptoms, the failure of various Aβ-targeted strategies to slow or halt disease progression has led to consideration of the idea that inhibition of tau aggregation might be a more promising therapeutic approach. Methylene blue (MB), which inhibits tau aggregation and rescue memory deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy, however, lacked efficacy in a recent Phase III clinical trial. In order to gain insight into this failure, the present study was designed to examine the mechanism through which MB inhibits tau aggregation. We found that MB inhibits heparin-induced tau aggregation in vitro, as measured by thioflavin T fluorescence. Further, MB reduced the amount of tau in precipitants recovered after ultracentrifugation of the aggregation mixture. Atomic force microscopy revealed that MB reduces the number of tau fibrils but increases the number of granular tau oligomers. The latter result was confirmed by sucrose gradient centrifugation: MB treatment was associated with higher levels of granular tau oligomers (fraction 3) and lower levels of tau fibrils (fractions 5 and 6). We previously demonstrated that the formation of granular tau oligomers, rather than tau fibrils, is essential for neuronal death. Thus, the fact that MB actions are limited to inhibition of tau fibril formation provides a mechanistic explanation for the poor performance of MB in the recent Phase III clinical trial.
CYR61 improves muscle force recreation in a rabbit trauma model
Authors: Frey Sönke Percy , Yorumazel Berrin , Hölscher-Doht Stefanie , Eden Lars , Schütze Norbert , Meffert Rainer Heribert , Jansen Hendrik 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Critically elevated compartment pressures after complicated tibial fractures may result in fibrosis and therefore scarring of muscles with impaired function. Several studies have shown a relationship between angiogenesis and more effective muscle regeneration. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) is associated with angiogenesis but it is not clear whether it would restore muscle force, reduce scarring or improve angiogenesis after acute musculoskeletal trauma. OBJECTIVE: We researched whether local application of CYR61 (1) restores muscle force, (2) reduces scar tissue formation, and (3) improves angiogenesis. METHODS: We generated acute soft tissue trauma with temporary ischemia and increased compartment pressure in 22 rabbits and shortened the limbs to simulate surgical fracture debridement. In the test group, a CYR61-coated collagen matrix was applied locally around the osteotomy site. After 10 days of limb shortening, gradual distraction of 0.5 mm per 12 hours was performed to restore the original length. Muscle force was measured before trauma and on every fifth day after trauma. Forty days after trauma we euthanized the animals and histologically determined the percentage of connective and muscle tissue. Immunohistology was performed to analyze angiogenesis. RESULTS: Recovery of preinjury muscle strength was significantly greater in the CYR61 group (2.8 N; 88%) as compared to the control (1.8 N; 53%) with a moderate reduction of connective tissue (9.9% vs. 8.5%). Immunohistochemical staining showed that blood vessel formation increased significantly (trauma vs. control 38.75 ± 27.45 mm2 vs. 24.16 ± 19.81 mm2). CONCLUSIONS: Local application of CYR61 may improve restoration of muscle force and accelerate muscle force recovery by improving angiogenesis and moderately reducing connective tissue.
Reestruturando uma Revista Científica do SUS com base na Agenda 2030
Authors: Bergmann Anke , Casado Leticia , Siqueira Alessandra de Sá Earp , Silva Mario Jorge Sobreira da , Zamboni Mauro Musa 
Published: March 2019

A RBC, no ano de 2018, seguindo a tendência mundial, está propondo um projeto de reestruturação inovador para a ampliação do conhecimento que possa favorecer, de fato, o controle do câncer considerando todas as suas particularidades.
A nova RBC tem o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento na área da oncologia, divulgando artigos indexados que possibilitem o acesso a informações atuais e relevantes nessa área. Nesse contexto, o projeto de reestruturação da RBC irá implantar uma plataforma eletrônica com artigos bilíngues, sendo esse o primeiro passo para a indexação da revista nas bases de dados nacional e, posteriormente, internacional.