bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women aged 18 to 59 years in Laikipia East Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Njoroge Lily N. , Mudhune Godfrey H. , Otieno George , Wanjau Grace , Yoos Alison 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION
Cervical cancer, a preventable disease, continues to be the leading cause of death resulting from cancers in Kenya. Despite free cervical cancer screening services in all government hospitals in Laikipia County, the screening uptake remains low at 19% compared to the WHO target of 70%. Hence, understanding the barriers and facilitators is important in informing targeted interventions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A mixed-method cross-sectional study was done in Laikipia East Sub-County, Kenya, between July and August 2022. The participants were women aged between 18 to 59 years. Data was collected on demographic factors and cervical cancer screening utilization. Also, qualitative data was collected using 5 FGDs and 6 KIIs to get more insights. Chi-square tests and odds ratios were calculated using STATA version 15 to assess associations and determine the level of significance.
RESULTS
Out of the 272 participants, 32.4% (n=88) had ever screened for cervical cancer. The logistic regression analysis indicates that as women age, their likelihood of undergoing screening increases, particularly for those aged 50-59, who show a tenfold higher likelihood of screening [ OR 10.40 (3.20-33.82), p-value <0.001]. Conversely, unemployment is associated with a reduced likelihood of screening [OR 0.42 (0.18-0.99), p-value 0.047] while individuals earning 50-200 USD per month exhibit an increased likelihood [OR 2.25 (1.30-3.87) p-value 0.004]. However, religion, marital status, and education level factors do not show a significant association with the utilization of cervical cancer screening as indicated by p-values of 0.735, 0.069, and 0.765, respectively.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Laikipia county government offers free cervical cancer screening in all government-run facilities but many, especially those aged 25-49, lack awareness. It is vital to boost awareness through community education on cervical cancer causes and prevention, emphasizing screening as preventive. Affordable treatment is also crucial for community reassurance post-diagnosis.
Effect of (Zr, Ta) doping on electronic and magnetic properties of zinc-blende MgTe DMS compound: AB-initio approach
Authors: Laghrissi M. , Drissi El Bouzaidi M. , Goumrhar F. , Essebbahi L. , Ahl Laamara R. 
Published: October 2024

This study utilizes density functional theory (DFT) and the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) to explore the effects of zirconium (Zr) and tantalum (Ta) doping on the electronic and magnetic properties of zinc-blende MgTe. The electronic configurations of Mg1-x(TM)xTe (TM = Zr, Ta) were analyzed, revealing that Zr induces magnetic behavior with near-total spin polarization, while Ta doping leads to metallic behavior with partial polarization. The variations in magnetic moments are largely determined by impurity concentrations, with ferromagnetic stability in both systems driven by a double exchange interaction mechanism. Additionally, Curie temperatures exceeding room temperature were observed for specific doping concentrations. These results suggest significant potential for MgTe-based materials in spintronic applications. The findings further illustrate that Zr-doped alloys display half-metallicity, making them especially promising for future spintronics device development.
KEY WORDS: DMS, KKR-CPA, Polarization, Metallic behavior, Curie temperature, Double exchange, Spintronic
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 153-164.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.13
Facile synthesis of ZnO/RGO/Fe2O3 using macroalgae Caulerpa taxifolia as green reductor and its application as malachite green removal
Authors: Ali Akbar Said , Hasan Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

This study presents the synthesis of a novel ZnO/rGO/Fe₂O₃ composite using Caulerpa taxifolia as a green reductant for the effective removal of Malachite Green from aqueous solutions. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, SEM, and XRD, confirmed the successful incorporation of ZnO and Fe₂O₃ onto the rGO matrix, enhancing its adsorption properties. The composite achieved an exceptional maximum adsorption capacity of 454.5 mg/g at pH 9, significantly outperforming rGO alone and other adsorbents. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, with a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.999). The adsorption isotherms were best described by the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the process was spontaneous and exothermic, with a Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) of -10.93 kJ/mol at 25 °C. The composite's high adsorption capacity, rapid kinetics, and favorable thermodynamics highlight its potential as an efficient and sustainable adsorbent for dye removal. This research offers a promising approach to water treatment, aligning with environmentally friendly practices and providing a viable solution for mitigating water pollution caused by organic dyes.
KEY WORDS: Reduced graphene oxide, Water treatment, Caulerpa taxifolia, Isothermal and kinetic studies, Malachite Green
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 29-47.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.3
Divalent transition metal complexes with mixed of β-enaminone and N,O-donor ligands: synthesis, characterization and biological assessment
Authors: Ali M. Feryal , S.M.O. Al-barwari Alyaa 
Published: October 2024

This study extensively describes the synthesizing and characterizing of new β-enaminone complexes derived from dimedone and amines coordinated with transition metals Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II), also two ligand's metformin (Met) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-hq). These were determined via FT-IR, 1H-NMR, electron and mass spectroscopy, molar electrical conductivity, thermal analysis (TGA, DTA and DSC) and characterized by metal content determination (%), magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis (C.H.N.) and SEM technique. The measurements indicate that the complexes have six coordination numbers, where the β-enaminone is coordinated as tetradentate ligand through the two nitrogen atoms and the two oxygen atoms beside metformin is coordinated through the two nitrogen atoms and 8-hydroxyquinoline is coordinated by oxygen and nitrogen atoms as bidentate ligands. The conductance suggests that all complexes have electrolytic behavior, being conductive in a ratio of (1:2). SEM results revealed the presence of nanostructures on sample surfaces. The biological activity of the prepared ligands and complexes are studied in different concentrations for four types of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus has (+G) and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella have (-G), well as, the influence of the fungus. The ligands have disparate effectiveness while complexes have high effectiveness inhibiting the bacteria and fungus.
KEY WORDS: Mixed ligand systems, Dimedone, β-Enaminone ligands, Transition metals, Biological application
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 65-78.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.5
Spectroscopic and biological studies of Pd(II) complexes of 5-(p-tolyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol
Authors: Tuama Abdullah Khalid , S.M. Al-Janabi Ahmed , Jassim Hussien Nasry , A. Yousef Tarek , Shaaban Saad , I. Attia Mohamed , K. Al Duaij Omar 
Published: October 2024

Reactions of Na2PdCl4 with two equivalents of 5-(p-tolyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (MoxSH), afford complex of the type [Pd(MoxS)2] (1). Further reaction with equivalent mole of diphosphine ligand {Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2} ( where n = 1 dppm, 2 dppe, 3 dppp, 4 dppb, (CH2)n = dppf ) or two equivalents of triphenyl phosphine or triphenyl phosphine sulfide affords mixed-ligand complexes of the type [Pd(MoxS)2(Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2)] (2-6), [Pd(MoxS)2(PPh3)2] (7) and [Pd(MoxS)2(SPPh3)2](8). The prepared complexes were characterized using different physical and spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that the MoxS ligand behave as coordinate in a anion monodentate fashion sulfur atom to give a square planer around the metal ion. Preliminary anti-bacterial activity has been assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The prepared complexes show good activity in compared with standard drug. [Pd(MoxS)2(dppf)] (6) displays good activity (18, 22 and 20 mm) against certain tested microbes Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively.
KEY WORDS: Complexes, Palladium, Thione, Anti-bacteria, Phosphine
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 79-90.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.6
Animal Welfare Perspectives Against the Backdrop of Animal Cruelty in Nigeria
Authors: Omoniwa David Oludare , Adedeji Jeremy Adeyinka , Adidu-Omoniwa Amy Morayo , Oladele Oludotun Olubusola , Akinsola Oludayo Micheal , Uchendu Chidiebere , Babalola Samuel Adeola , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Asala Olayinka , Bitrus Asinamai Athliamai , Banwo Olamilekan Gabriel , Agweche Onuche Shalom , Inechi Obianuju Ifesinachi , Ogwuche Adah , Meseko Clement Adebajo 
Published: October 2024

Knowledge is crucial for improving animal welfare. People's perceptions, attitudes, and understanding may be a hindrance to adopting animal welfare-improving ideas which is crucial for developing effective animal welfare policies and advocacy in Nigeria. This study evaluates the current knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of animal welfare among Nigerian residents. A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire distributed via emails, social media platforms, and by personal contact. The survey collected data from 694 respondents across the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria over 6 months (November 2023 and June 2024). Descriptive statistics, reliability testing, and inferential statistical tests were performed using SPSS for windows. The result revealed that majority (60-87.3%) of the respondents had a good knowledge of what constitutes cruelty to animals. Also, 88.8% were aware that animals have right to freedoms that could enhance their welfare, and 96.1% agreed that freedom from hunger and thirst is reasonable for animals. The standard deviations were relatively low, suggesting consistent responses among participants. Respondents (87.3%) also supported the enforcement of animal cruelty laws and the enactment of comprehensive animal welfare laws in Nigeria. The high knowledge scores among Nigerian residents suggest a strong foundational understanding of animal welfare principles. It is recommended that despite the result continual advocacy and policy development are still necessary to shape the public attitudes, and perceptions to animal.
Epidemiological Dynamics of Canine Morbillivirus in Resident Dogs of Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Ibu John , Chah Kennedy , Ezema Wilfred , Woma Timothy , Eze Didacus , Okwor Emmanuel , Agbo Joseph , Anzaku Eson , Ode Samuel , Mlanga Esther , Rabo Nathaniel Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Canine distemper is an endemic viral disease of dogs in Nigeria. Knowledge of the carrier status of dogs is key to successful control of the disease. In this study, the carrier status of apparently healthy dogs’ resident in parts of Makurdi metropolis was determined using the immunochromatographic rapid antigen assay kit for qualitative detection of canine morbillivirus antigens in ante-mortem samples. Ocular-, nasal-, and rectal- swabs, as well as serum were taken from each of 204 dogs bringing a total of 816 samples. The results showed that 26.96 % of the dogs sampled were positive for Canine morbillivirus antigens. Viral antigens were detected in 9.8%, 11.27%, and 4.41% of nasal, ocular, and rectal swaps respectively, and in 6.37% of the serum samples collected. An age-related susceptibility was observed as viral antigens detection rate was higher in younger dogs compared to older ones. Similarly, 40.43% of vaccinated and 22.93% of unvaccinated dogs were positive for canine morbillivirus antigens. Of significant importance is the prevalence rate in unvaccinated population of dogs. In terms of breed-related detection rate, 23.93% of Nigerian local dogs and 40.63% of exotic breeds tested positive for viral antigens, and it was observed that 25.54% of dogs which had history of contact with other dogs and 40% of dogs which had no such history carried canine morbillivirus antigens. The significance of this study is that it details the current epidemiological dynamics of canine morbillivirus in resident dogs of Makurdi metropolitan area, and the findings are discussed.
Subject Areas: Animal infectious disease epidemiology.
Pathogenicity of Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Ethiopia
Authors: Rajemison Fanambinantsoa Malaza , Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo , Getachew Belayneh , Fagbohun Olusegun , Esan Oluwaseun Olanrewaju , Ngoma Ceti Divine Syldia , Awgichew Liyuwork Tesfaw , Reda Kassaye Adamu , Kassa Eyob Assefa , Ajaba Dawit Dufera , Woldemichael Wubet Weldemedhin , Nuri Kedir Sherefa 
Published: October 2024

Newcastle disease represents an enormous problem for African breeders, and country-specific fears and economic exchanges complicate its elimination and control. Slow laboratory diagnosis creates additional delays during initial epidemic discovery. To address these concerns, researchers undertook a study in Ethiopia to examine the impact of the circulating Newcastle disease virus on chicken farms. The aim of the study is to identify the virus from likely outbreak cases, confirm its pathogenicity, and evaluate its effects on vaccinated and uninfected chicks Forty chicks were separated into 02 groups and exposed to 02 virus samples at the National Veterinary Institute in Bishoftu, Ethiopia. The isolated viruses were classified as velogenic, with the BOG strains scoring 1.67 and the HAR strains rating 1.55. Immunized chicks demonstrated high herd immunity, while single immunization failure was observed. In the challenged group, the death rate was 55%, with all 20 unvaccinated chicks dying from the sickness, whereas just 2 out of 20 vaccinated chicks were afflicted. Statistical analysis showed that the virus produced general inflammation, which was more common in the BOG group (87.50%) than in the HAR group (12.50%). Vaccination significantly reduced clinical signs and gross lesions, such as irritation in multiple organs. The study showed the persistence of velogenic Newcastle disease virus strains in Ethiopia and the importance of vaccination. The findings have improved our understanding of the disease's physiopathology and provided vital information for responsible authorities to implement early intervention techniques.
ДАВЛАТ ИНТЕРАКТИВ ХИЗМАТЛАРИ ТИЗИМИ АСОСИДА КАДРЛАР БАНДЛИГИНИ ВА УЛАРГА ТАЛАБНИ БАҲОЛАШ
Authors: Бегматова Зиёда 
Published: October 2024

Мақола мақсади уагона интерактив давлат хизматлари портали орқали тақдим этиладиган интерактив хизматлар сифати мониторинги жараёнларини моделлаштириш ва Ягона интерактив давлат хизматлари порталига мунофиқлаштиришга мулжалланган ОТМ кадрлари фаолиятини ва уларга бшлган талабни мониторинг килиш интерактив хизматини яратишдан иборат. Тадқиқот вазифаси интерактив хизматлар сифати мониторинги жараёнларини моделлаштириш ва Ягона интерактив давлат хизматлари порталига мунофиқлаштиришгаК мулжалланган ОТМ кадрлари фаолияти ва уларга бўлган талабни мониторинг килиш интерактив хизматини яратишдан иборат.
Co-Creation through scholarship. The Queen Mary Academy learner interns' programme
Authors: Hathaway Graeme , Omfalos Elise 
Published: October 2024

Since 2021, the Queen Mary Academy (QMA) at Queen Mary University of London has been running its Learner Interns Programme (LIP). The aim of the LIP is to support educators to undertake student-voice scholarship projects in collaboration with our diverse learner population by annually hiring interns to work on projects. In 2023-24, over 140 applications were received. The poster will discuss how learning and development, for both staff and students, occurs via instigation of such research projects, valuing learner expertise and agency.
Student engagement is an element of the Queen Mary Academic Careers Framework which supports academic career paths, and engagement with the LIP has the potential for educators to develop evidence for this. Examples showed how educators deepen their approach to reflection and identified opportunities to leverage research avenues with students as active partners, contributing to their scholarly profiles. As a complimentary point, examples of how interns develop critical thinking and communication skills within academic contexts were shared, covering how interns’ exposure to research helps prepare them for professional roles.
The origin and evolution of the LIP was outlined, alongside approaches to intern recruitment, onboarding, co-responsibility training, and community building, that subsequently provide opportunities for the professional development of support colleagues who are involved.
Delegates took away ideas around valuing students as partners within structured internships, with direct quotes from educators and support colleagues describing the impact this initiative has had on their professional development. This approach was displayed as an effective example of educational learning development, underpinned by student involvement, for which others may wish to copy its approach or explore potential future collaborations with Queen Mary.
Academic reading: fear and trembling or being and belonging?
Authors: Saville Jane , Cooper Tasha , Hunt Stephen 
Published: October 2024

At the University of the West of England (UWE) Bristol, we are in the second year of a project to promote and improve reading skills. One part of our work has focused on embedding collaborative reading techniques within subjects to improve confidence in tackling texts, promote reading as a social practice, and boost belonging within disciplines and cohorts. Our poster presentation reviews the literature on student emotions towards reading, and how these influence their practices. We use this visual representation when liaising with academic colleagues to co-create and facilitate collaborative reading activities.
Considerations of the role of student ‘affect’ foreground the motivational dimensions of the reading experience; we look at both pre-existing psychological and emotional barriers to engagement, and incentives and enablers that encourage confident reading and enjoyment of academic texts. We consider how the research literature accords with and further informs our empirical experience of running practical reading workshops. It is hoped that activities such as reading circles and textmapping relieve the individual from sole accountability for comprehension, bringing reading ‘out from the dark’. Deconstructing the process of reading through collaborative roles contributes towards the co-construction of understanding and knowledge, activating fresh insights.
Discussion of reading through this shared approach potentially helps to develop student confidence, to nurture feelings of belonging, and to enhance cohort identity. However, we are mindful of the real-world impacts and outcomes of reading strategies for the diverse body of students that we encounter in higher education, with their wealth of difference in cognitive abilities, backgrounds, and cultural experiences. Through this literature review, it is intended that learning from work already published will contribute towards evolving best practice in channelling agency and easing anxiety in academic reading for all students.
Agents for curriculum change: the role of Learning Development
Authors: Walsha Robert , Barker Heather 
Published: October 2024

Learning Development (LD) can rightly see a role as positive institutional change agents. However, this perception can often be frustrated by external interpretations about the value of study skills (Richards and Pilcher, 2023), which could go some way to perpetuating something of an identity disconnect, where others may often continue to perceive LD as remedial (Bishop et al., 2009).

This session aimed to inspire a sense of where opportunities may lie for challenging perceptions with LD as change agents, using our institutional experience of having made some significant headway in influencing wholesale curriculum change. The workshop was an opportunity for exploratory discussions, with participants sharing their experiences of participation in curriculum change initiatives or challenges faced in trying to engineer this role. It considered ways to seize and make the most of other opportunities, such as student guidance on Artificial Intelligence, to be similarly influential.

Based on our experience of a new curriculum framework, discussions explored challenges the LD team faced in seeking, in the first instance, to have a significant role in the process, achieving this and the inherent frustrations nevertheless. With participants, we discovered how LD can seize opportunities through recognising the role LD can play, such as defining pedagogical concepts of resourcefulness and resilience, which was inherent in the curriculum design. Group activities explored the challenges in trying to influence curriculum change, shared successes and considered whether this is an effective use of LD time. Group investigations also looked at the importance of collaborating with academic developers, and how this can help address and evolve perceptions of LD as change agents, given that staff educational development can be assumed to be the more natural agent for progressing institutional curriculum change and why an LD presence can bring a unique perspective.