bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wavefront-guided LASIK for Myopia Using the LADAR CustomCornea and the VISX CustomVue
Authors: Awwad Shady T , Bowman R Wayne , Cavanagh H Dwight , McCulley James P 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the objective and subjective visual outcomes and refractive results of wavefrontguided LASIK with LADAR CustomCornea and VISX CustomVue.
METHODS: This prospective randomized single-institution multisurgeon study comprised 100 eyes of 58 patients (50 eyes on each laser platform). Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and manifest refraction were measured postoperatively at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Contrast sensitivity, higher order aberrations measurement, and a subjective vision questionnaire were performed preoperatively and at 3 months.
RESULTS: Preoperatively, the CustomCornea group had a mean manifest sphere of -3.58±1.61 diopters (D) (range: -0.50 to -7.25 D), cylinder of +0.64±0.45 D (range: 0 to +1.75 D), and manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) of -3.26±1.56 D. The CustomVue group had a manifest sphere of -4.00±1.69 D (range: -1.50 to -7.50 D), cylinder of +0.60±0.52 D (range: 0 to +2.00 D), and MRSE of -3.70±1.64 D. At 3 months, 94% of CustomCornea eyes and 84% of CustomVue eyes had UCVA ≥20/20 (P= .20). Twentyfour percent of CustomVue eyes and 22% of CustomCornea eyes gained 1 line of BSCVA. In both groups, 96% of eyes were within 0.50 D of emmetropia. Mean CustomCornea glare contrast sensitivity improved (P= .04) whereas more eyes improved than worsened in both groups. Spherical aberration and total higher order aberrations increased, and trefoil decreased in both groups. A decrease in coma was noted in 70% of CustomCornea eyes.
CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront-guided LASIK with both platforms is safe, effective, and delivers excellent visual results. CustomCornea improves contrast sensitivity under glare conditions. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:26-38.]
Optical Analysis of PresbyLASIK Treatment By a Light Propagation Algorithm
Authors: Ortiz Dolores , Alió Jorge L , Illueca Carlos , Mas David , Sala Esperanza , Pérez Jorge , Espinosa J 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes in the optical quality of corneas of hyperopic patients operated using central multifocal presbyLASIK treatment through the study of light patterns around the retinal plane.
METHODS: This study included eight hyperopic eyes that underwent central presbyLASIK surgery with Presby-one software using an H. Eye Tech Technovision excimer laser platform. Mean patient age was 57 years. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was 1.28±0.87 diopters (D). Mean distance decimal visual acuity with correction was 1.02±0.13 and without correction was 0.37±0.15. The optical quality was characterized by the Strehl ratio, the spot size on the retina, and objective decimal visual acuity calculated based on measured corneal topography using Fresnel propagation algorithm based on a realistic eye model.

RESULTS: The postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was -0.55±0.48 D. The distance decimal visual acuity with correction was 0.94 and without correction was 0.70. The pseudoaccommodation range was 1.60±0.40 D. A good Pearson correlation coefficient was obtained (r
p 2
=0.86) for the linear fit between the real and calculated decimal visual acuity for the eight eyes. The Strehl ratio value on the retinal plane increased after the surgery by a mean factor of 4.7.

CONCLUSIONS: With a complete characterization of the eye and a complete propagation algorithm (that takes into account all refractive surfaces in the eye at the same time), it is possible to evaluate the optical quality in eyes of patients who have undergone central presbyLASIK treatment. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:39-44.]
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Epithelial Irregular Astigmatism: An Emphasis on Map-Dot-Fingerprint Degeneration
Authors: Zalentein Waldir Neira , Holopainen Juha M , Tervo Timo M T 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the changes in irregular astigmatism in patients with recurrent corneal erosion syndrome due to map-dot-fingerprint degeneration and to demonstrate that both symptomatic and asymptomatic map-dot-fingerprint degeneration/recurrent corneal erosion syndrome may be related to irregular astigmatism, which can effectively be corrected by phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) or standard spherical photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Eleven eyes with irregular astigmatism related to map-dot-fingerprint degeneration/recurrent corneal erosion syndrome with and without changes at the slit-lamp microscope were treated with PTK or spherical PRK, which was performed with a VISX S2 or S4 excimer laser. All eyes underwent videokeratography performed pre- and postoperatively using either the Tomey TMS-2N Topographic Modeling System or EyeSys Technologies Corneal Analysis System 2000.
RESULTS: Mean pre- and postoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was -0.18±0.14 logMAR and 0.04±0.04 logMAR, respectively. This improvement in BSCVA was statistically significant. The mean gain in Snellen lines was 2.4±2.1. Preoperative corneal videokeratography showed irregular astigmatism with an elevation pattern that was corrected in all eyes despite the fact that no astigmatic photorefractive correction was performed.
CONCLUSIONS: Following PTK, eyes with irregular astigmatism related to map-dot-fingerprint degeneration showed significant improvement in BSCVA and correction of irregular astigmatism as revealed by videokeratography. This study shows that irregular astigmatism can be exclusively of epithelial origin and in some eyes abnormal corneal epithelium may create optical aberrations. This possibility should be taken into account when, for example, wavefront-guided stromal photoablation procedures are being planned. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:50-57.]
Femtosecond Laser Keratome Creation of Partial Thickness Donor Corneal Buttons for Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Sarayba Melvin A , Maguen Ezra , Salz James , Rabinowitz Yaron , lgnacio Teresa S 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the thickness and diameter accuracy of the IntraLase femtosecond laser in harvesting corneal discs for lamellar keratoplasty. The stromal bed quality of resected corneas was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy.
METHODS: Two IntraLase units were used to create corneal discs at 225-, 300-, 400-, and 500-µm thickness settings and 7-, 8-, 8.5-, and 9-mm diameter settings (n=28). Achieved thickness was measured using a digital caliper and achieved diameter was measured using imaging software. Samples were preserved and processed for scanning electron microscopy to observe stromal bed quality.
RESULTS: On both units, the mean deviation from attempted thickness was -9.5±8.6 µm (range: +6 to -28 µm). All of the obtained corneal discs were circular (horizontal versus vertical diameters, P>.05). The raster pattern produced a smoother stromal bed compared to the spiral pattern.
CONCLUSIONS: The IntraLase femtosecond laser keratome provides depth and diameter accuracy even at increased depth settings. Stromal bed was smooth with the raster pattern and can further be smoothed by excimer phototherapeutic keratectomy treatment. Femtosecond laser lamellar keratoplasty is a promising procedure and clinical data are needed to determine effectiveness. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:58-65.]
Sectorial and Annular Quantitative Area Pachymetry With the Orbscan II
Authors: Arce Carlos G , Martiz Jaime , Aizamora Juan B , Schor Paulo , Campos Mauro S Q 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To present a new application of quantitative area pachymetry of the cornea.
METHODS: Sectorial quantitative area pachymetry of small corneal zones located at the center and surrounding areas is possible by means of the statistical analysis device and tools menu of Orbscan II (Bausch & Lomb).
RESULTS: Average pachymetry of 1 central zone and 12 small zones around the center may be shown in the pachymetry map by simply formatting the system. Average pachymetry, standard deviation, rate of thickness variation (slope), and volume of analyzed annular corneal zone can also be automatically shown in a data window. The examination results can be printed and kept on record.
CONCLUSIONS: The method is simple and descriptive. This type of preoperative evaluation may guide the manual or laser preparation of channels for intracorneal segments and the corneal trephination for lamellar or penetrating keratoplasty. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:89-92.]
Postoperative Pain Following Epi-LASIK, LASEK, and PRK for Myopia
Authors: O'Doherty Maeve , Kirwan Caitriona , O'Keeffe Michael , O'Doherty John 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare mechanical epithelial separation using the epi-LASIK technique with alcohol assisted separation (LASEK).
METHODS: Patients deemed suitable for surface ablation were randomized to receive epi-LASIK in one eye and LASEK in the other eye. If epi-LASIK failed, the procedure was converted to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), forming the third comparison group. The outcome measures were postoperative pain, vision, refraction, and haze. Patients were followed for 3 months.
RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients (95 eyes) were included in this study (38 epi-LASIK, 19 PRK, and 38 LASEK eyes). There was a 33% rate of conversion from intended epi-LASIK to PRK. Epi-LASIK patients were found to have significantly less pain in the first few hours after surgery but at 4 hours all patients had the same levels of pain, which improved to minimal or no pain at 24 hours. No significant difference was noted among groups for vision, refractive error, and haze; however, epi-LASIK patients had the best day 1 visual acuity.
CONCLUSIONS: Epi-LASIK offers comparable visual and refractive results to other surface ablation techniques with lower levels of postoperative pain only for the first 2 hours. However, there was a high rate of flap failure and conversion to PRK. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:133-138.]
Potentially Accommodating 1CU Intraocular Lens: 1-year Results in 553 Eyes and Literature Review
Authors: Uthoff Detlef , Gulati Amit , Hepper Daniel , Holland Detlef 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the advantages, clinical outcomes, and safety after implantation of the ICU (HumanOptics AG) optic shift intraocular lens (IOL) in comparison with a conventional monofocal IOL.
METHODS: In a prospective non-randomized study, 553 eyes implanted with the ICU IOL were examined. In a control group, a monofocal posterior chamber IOL (MCTE, Dr Schmidt) was implanted in 219 eyes. Follow-up was performed at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The clinical effect for near visual acuity was evaluated by subjective measurements using an accommodometer, defocusing curve, and Nieden charts.
RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in distance best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) between groups. Average near visual acuity with distance BSCVA for the ICU was 0.41 and 0.35 for the control group. The difference in the accommodation response between both groups measured with the accommodometer was 11 cm (P<.01). The refraction tolerance for the ICU was 0.25 D whereas the MCTE revealed no refraction tolerance (P<.01). Decentration and tilting of the ICU resulted in explantation of three IOLs.
CONCLUSIONS: The 1CU indicates a minor statistical advantage of half a reading step towards monofocal IOLs measured with subjective methods in near point, defocusing curve, and near visual acuity with distance BSCVA. This could be due to Pseudophakie accommodation by the optic shift mechanism or a result of additional Pseudophakic pseudoaccommodation. The accommodative effect of the ICU differed from patient to patient and was not predictable. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:159-171.]
Topographic Centration of Ablation After LASIK for Myopia Using the CustomVue VISX S4 Excimer Laser
Authors: Ou Judy I , Manche Edward E 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the ablation centration, efficacy, predictability, and safety of CustomVue LASIK using the VISX S4 excimer laser for the treatment of myopia and myopic astigmatism.
METHODS: A retrospective review of 20 myopic eyes of 12 patients treated with LASIK CustomVue VISX S4 was conducted. Corneal topography was used to determine ablation centration. Primary outcome variables including manifest refraction, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and complications were evaluated at 3 months postoperatively.
RESULTS: Mean decentration (from ablation zone to entrance pupil) was 0.23±0.08 mm at 3 months postoperatively. No eyes were decentered >0.5 mm. Preoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was -4.81+1.39 diopters (D) (range: -6.75 to -2.25 D). At 3 months postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent refraction was -0.63±0.25 D (range: -2.00 to 0.25 D). Nineteen (95%) of 20 eyes had UCVA of 20/40 and 16 (80%) of 20 eyes had UCVA of 20/20 at 3 months postoperatively. Fourteen (70%) eyes were within ±0.50 D and 18 (90%) eyes were within ±1.00 D of emmetropia. No eye lost >1 line of BSCVA.
CONCLUSIONS: Wavefront-guided LASIK using the CustomVue VISX S4 for myopic eyes results in minimal decentration ablation and effective, predictable, and safe visual outcomes. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:193-197.]
Higher Order Aberrations and Relative Risk of Symptoms After LASIK
Authors: Sharma Munish , Wachler Brian S Boxer , Chan Colin C K 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To understand what level of higher order aberrations increases the relative risk of visual symptoms in patients after myopic LASIK.
METHODS: This study was a retrospective comparative analysis of 103 eyes of 62 patients divided in two groups, matched for age, gender, pupil size, and spherical equivalent refraction. The symptomatic group comprised 36 eyes of 24 patients after conventional LASIK with different laser systems evaluated in our referral clinic and the asymptomatic control group consisted of 67 eyes of 38 patients following LADARVision CustomCornea wavefront LASIK. Comparative analysis was performed for uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), contrast sensitivity, refractive cylinder, and higher order aberrations. Wavefront analysis was performed with the LADARWave aberrometer at 6.5-mm analysis for all eyes.
RESULTS: Blurring of vision was the most common symptom (41.6%) followed by double image (19.4%), halo (16.7%), and fluctuation in vision (13.9%) in symptomatic patients. A statistically significant difference was noted in UCVA (P=. 001), BSCVA (P=OOl), contrast sensitivity (P<.001), and manifest cylinder (P=OOl) in the two groups. The percentage difference between the symptomatic and control group mean root-mean-square (RMS) values ranged from 157% to 206% or 1.57 to 2.06 times greater.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with visual symptoms after LASIK have significantly lower visual acuity and contrast sensitivity and higher mean RMS values for higher order aberrations than patients without symptoms. Rootmean-square values of greater than two times the normal after-LASIK population for any given laser platform may increase the relative risk of symptoms. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:252-256.]
Astigmatism and the Impact of Relaxing Incisions After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Claesson Margareta , Armitage W John 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the impact of relaxing incisions for correcting postoperative astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty.
METHODS: Data were collected through the Swedish Corneal Transplant Register. Of the 1161 grafts with complete 2-year follow-up, 131 underwent relaxing incisions. Stepwise multiple regression was used to determine the factors that influenced the extent of astigmatism in diopters (D) (square root transformed). The change in astigmatism brought about by relaxing incisions was evaluated both by subtraction (ie, ignoring angle) and vector analysis.
RESULTS: The overall mean astigmatism was 4.56 D (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 4.40-4.73, n=1161). The final regression model explained only a small proportion of the overall variability of the data (<5%). There was a slight increase in postoperative astigmatism with recipient age (P=. 025), and two of the seven participating clinics achieved lower levels of astigmatism (P=OOl and P=. 036, respectively). In patients who underwent relaxing incisions, astigmatism was reduced from 8.40 D (95% Cl: 8.0-9.0, n=131) to 3.80 D (95% Cl: 3.54.3). The mean difference by subtraction was 4.50 D (95% Cl: 4.0-5.0, P<.001, paired t test). Vector analysis showed the overall reduction of astigmatism due to surgery to be 7.90 D (95% Cl: 7.2-8.7). Compared with grafts with no refractive surgery, a trend was noted that suggested corrected visual acuity was improved following relaxing incisions.
CONCLUSIONS: Relaxing incisions were found to be a safe and effective method for reducing postoperative astigmatism and may improve visual acuity. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:284-289.]
A Comparative Confocal Microscopy Analysis After LASIK With the IntraLase Femtosecond Laser vs Hansatome Microkeratome
Authors: Ramírez Manuel , Hernández-Quintela Everardo , Naranjo-Tackman Ramón 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare confocal microscopy findings between a femtosecond laser and a mechanical microkeratome.
METHODS: Eighteen eyes of nine patients underwent LASIK. Corneal flaps were created with the femtosecond laser in the right eyes and a mechanical microkeratome in the left eyes. The corneal flap interface was analyzed in all eyes with a confocal microscope at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively.
RESULTS: All eyes showed small reflective particles at the corneal flap interface. The mean number of reflective particles was not statistically significantly different at 1 week (P= .078) and 1 month (P=. 28) using a femtosecond laser and a mechanical microkeratome.
CONCLUSIONS: Confocal microscopy findings at the corneal flap interface showed a similar number of particles using both systems. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:305-307.]
A Cluster of Nocardia Keratitis After LASIK
Authors: Garg Prashant , Sharma Savitri , Vemuganti Geeta K , Ramamurthy Balasubramanya 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a cluster of Nocardia asteroides keratitis cases after LASIK.
METHODS: Retrospective review of the history and examination of three patients (four eyes) operated on the same day at a single center who developed postoperative keratitis. All patients underwent lifting of the superficial flap for microbiologic evaluation of the corneal scrapings. The operating surgeon was contacted to identify the possible source of contamination.
RESULTS: Two patients underwent simultaneous bilateral LASIK; however, only one developed postoperative keratitis in both eyes. One patient had unilateral surgery and developed keratitis in the operated eye. Microscopic examination of smears from all eyes revealed thin, branching, acid-fast, filamentous bacteria that were identified as Nocardia asteroides after culture. The infiltrates resolved with topical administration of amikacin sulphate (2.5%) and topical and oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Final visual acuity ranged between 20/25 and 20/80. The operating surgeon had used the same blade and microkeratome in all patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Nocardia, a relatively unusual organism, can cause an epidemic of infection after LASIK. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:309-312.]
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy for Determining Visian Implantable Contact Lens Length in Phakic IOL Implantation
Authors: Choi Ki Hwan , Chung Song Ee , Chung Tae Young , Chung Eui Sang 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of the ultrasound biomicroscopic (UBM) method in estimating the sulcus-to-sulcus horizontal diameter for Visian Implantable Contact Lens (ICL, model V4) length determination to obtain optimal ICL vault.
METHODS: The results of postoperative ICL vaults in 30 eyes of 18 patients were retrospectively analyzed. In 17 eyes, ICL length was determined using the conventional method, and in 13 eyes, ICL length was determined using the UBM method. The UBM method was carried out by measuring the sulcus to limbus distance on each side by 50 MHz UBM and adding the white-to-white diameter by caliper or Orbscan. The ICL vaults were measured using the UBM method at 1 and 6 months postoperatively and the results were compared between the two groups. Ideal ICL vault was defined as vault between 250 and 750 µm. The relation between the ICL vault, footplate location, and ICL power was also investigated.
RESULTS: In the UBM method group, ICL vault was within the ideal range in all 13 (100%) eyes at 1 and 6 months postoperatively, whereas in the conventional method group, 10 (58.8%) eyes showed ideal vault at 1 month postoperatively (P=.01) and 9 (52.9%) eyes showed ideal vault at 6 months postoperatively (P<.01). The ideal ICL footplate location was achieved in the ciliary sulcus in 11 (84.6%) eyes of the UBM method group and 10 (64.7%) eyes of the conventional method group. However, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. The ICL vault was not significantly affected by the ICL power.
CONCLUSIONS: Implantable Contact Lens length determined by the UBM method achieved significantly more ideal ICL vault than that of the conventional white-to-white method. The UBM method is superior to the conventional method in terms of predicting the sulcus-to-sulcus horizontal diameter for ICL length determination. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:362-367.]
Calculating Intraocular Lens Geometry by Real Ray Tracing
Authors: Einighammer Jens , Oltrup Theo , Bende Thomas , Jean Benedikt 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: An implementation of real ray tracing based on Snell's law is tested by predicting the refraction of pseudophakic eyes and calculating the geometry of intraocular lenses (IOLs).
METHODS: The refraction of 30 pseudophakic eyes was predicted with the measured corneal topography, axial length, and the known IOL geometry and compared to the manifest refraction. Intraocular lens calculation was performed for 30 normal eyes and 12 eyes that had previous refractive surgery for myopia correction and compared to state-of-the-art IOL calculation formulae.
RESULTS: Mean difference between predicted and manifest refraction for a 2.5-mm pupil were sphere 0.11±0.43 diopters (D), cylinder -0.18±0.52 D, and axis 5.13°±30.19°. Pearson's correlation coefficient was sphere r=0.92, P<.01; cylinder r=0.79, P<.01; and axis r=0.91, P<.01. Intraocular lens calculation for the normal group showed that the mean absolute error regarding refractive outcome is largest for SRK II (0.49 D); all other formulae including ray tracing result in similar values ranging from 0.36 to 0.40 D. Intraocular lens calculation for the refractive group showed that depending on pupil size (3.5 to 2.5 mm), ray tracing delivers values 0.95 to 1.90 D higher compared to the average of Holladay 1, SRK/T, Haigis, and Hoffer Q formulae.
CONCLUSIONS: It has been shown that ray tracing can compete with state-of-the-art IOL calculation formulae for normal eyes. For eyes with previous refractive surgery, IOL powers obtained by ray tracing are significantly higher than those from the other formulae. Thus, a hyperopic shift may be avoided using ray tracing even without clinical history. [J Refract Surg. 2007;23:393-404.]