bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Summary of Systematic Reviews on the Topic of Hip Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: de SA Darren , Lian Jayson , Sheean Andrew J. , Inman Kathleen , Drain Nicholas , Ayeni Olufemi , Mauro Craig 
Published: September 2018

Background: There is a rapidly growing body of literature on the topic of hip arthroscopic surgery. Purpose: To provide an overall summary of systematic reviews published on the indications, complications, techniques, outcomes, and information related to hip arthroscopic surgery. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of all hip arthroscopic surgery–related systematic reviews published between January 2000 and May 2018 was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library. Narrative reviews and non-English articles were excluded. Results: A total of 837 articles were found, of which 85 met the inclusion criteria. Included articles were summarized and divided into 6 major categories based on the subject of the review: femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), non-FAI indications, surgical technique, outcomes, complications, and miscellaneous. Conclusion: A summary of systematic reviews on hip arthroscopic surgery can provide surgeons with a single source for the most current synopsis of the available literature. As the prevalence of orthopaedic surgeons performing hip arthroscopic surgery increases, updated evidence-based guidelines must likewise be advanced and understood to ensure optimal patient management.
Physical Activity Decline
Authors: Fateme Monjazebi , Asghar Dalvandi , Abbas Ebadi , Reza Khankeh Hamid , Jörg Richter , Hamid Reza Jamaati 
Published: September 2018

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease which significantly affects patients’ physical activity. The purpose of the present study was to gain insight into the COPD patients’ perception of the disease and their experience during physical activity decline. Methods: This qualitative study was performed in National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, a university hospital located in Tehran, Iran, which represents a referral center for COPD. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews with 18 patients with COPD. Patients were recruited by purposeful sampling with the maximum variation sampling to achieve representative variation in patient’s gender, age, educational level, and severity and duration of COPD. Data were analyzed via conventional content analysis approach. Results: The COPD patients’ perception of the disease and their experience during physical activity decline was summarized in 6 categories: variable strength, experienced dyspnea, changed communication patterns, changed self-care patterns, lack of education, and environmental factors. Findings indicated that the patterns of physical activities, communication, and self-care in COPD patients change toward living normal and independent. Conclusion: It is imperative for the relevant health-care professionals to have a correct understanding of the characteristics of physical activity in COPD patients, because by knowing the characteristics of a phenomenon, it can be better measured and managed. Education and behavioral interventions are the most important ways to improve physical activity in COPD patients. This education should be cultural based and be adapted to the patients’ situation, and also emotional and environmental factors should be considered.
Le Fort Partial Colpocleisis: A Low-Cost Model
Authors: Gupta Ankita , Herrera Silvia , Kanitsch Stephanie , Kane Laurie 
Published: September 2018

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a simulation model for the Le Fort partial colpocleisis. Introduction: One in 9 women will undergo surgery for incontinence or prolapse by age 80 with 30% of these requiring an additional prolapse surgery. With a success rate of over 90% and recurrence rate of 4.2%, obliterative procedures hold a significant place in the management of pelvic organ prolapse in elderly women who are no longer sexually active. For new trainees, the Le Fort colpocleisis may be difficult to conceptually visualize, requiring the need to develop models as teaching tools. Method: A low-cost model was developed using easily available craft supplies to simulate the Le Fort partial colpocleisis with the uterus in situ to treat procidentia. The cost of each model was under US $14 and time to make was approximately 1 hour. The video presents the construction and use of this model. Conclusions: The Le Fort partial colpocleisis technique has been in use for over a century. The aging population as well as the high risk of recurrence after prolapse repairs makes colpocleisis an important technique for trainees to master. Simulation models have proven their efficacy as a training tool. This simple model will allow trainees to fully comprehend the steps of this procedure. Using this video, educators can construct a model and use it to orient trainees to the Le Fort partial colpocleisis procedure.
Comparison of second and third generation total ankle arthroplasty learning curves
Authors: Callahan Ryan , Aynardi Michael , Walley Kempland , Saloky Kaitlin , Juliano Paul 
Published: September 2018

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) has evolved over the past decades with later generation implants being associated with improved instrumentation and hardware. There have been multiple reports of the “learning curve” associated with total ankle arthroplasty. These report higher complication rates during the initial procedures performed by an inexperienced surgeon. To our knowledge, there is no comparison of the 2nd generation and 3 rd generation implant learning curves. Methods: The clinical outcomes of the first 15 cases (8/2002-4/2005) of a 2nd generation fixed bearing prosthesis (Agility Total Ankle System) and the first 15 cases (6/2007-3/2009) of a 3 rd generation fixed bearing prosthesis (Salto Talaris® TotalAnkle Prosthesis) performed by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed to determine complication incidence. The initial cases with each system were also independently reviewed to determine if there was a significant learning curve in regards to complications. Reoperation, infection, gutter impingement, fracture, persistent pain, and periprosthetic cyst formation were included for comparison of complication rates. Results: The overall complication rates for the Agility were 54.9% (28/51) and 35.7% (25/70) for Salto Talaris. There was no significant difference in reoperation rates when comparing the first 15 Agility cases (8/15, 53%) to the remainder of Agility cases (11/36, 30.6%) p=0.2. The initial 15 Salto Talaris cases also demonstrated no significant difference in reoperation rates (1/15, 8%) when compared to the remaining Salto Talaris replacements (7/55, 12.7%) p=1. Reoperation rates were higher in the initial 15 Agility cases (8/15, 53%) compared to the initial 15 Salto cases (1/15, 8%) p=0.01. There was no significant difference in infection, hardware failure, and medial malleolus fracture rates for any of the groups. Conclusion: While this series demonstrated no significant learning curve for each individual total ankle system, there was a significantly higher reoperation rate in the initial cases for the 2nd generation TAA when compared to the initial cases of the 3 rd generation implants. This could be attributed to improved instrumentation and hardware and/or surgeon experience.
3D biometrics for hindfoot alignment using Weight Bearing CT
Authors: Lintz Francois , Zhang Shu , Bernasconi Alessio , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: September 2018

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Hindfoot alignment is an important reference for foot and ankle surgery, and the Foot Ankle Offset (FAO) using semi-automatic software has been reported as a valuable hindfoot alignment measurement in weightbearing CT(WBCT). The objective was to assess the clinical relevance and reproducibility of the FAO value for hindfoot alignment and compare it with previous findings. Methods: A prospective study was conducted, with ethics committee approval. Patients were included, clinically examined and divided into 3 groups: normal alignment (Group 1), valgus (Group 2), varus (Group 3). A continuous series of 140 feet (71 patients) were referred from September to December 2017 (65 normal, 41 valgus, and 34 varus). All patients had a bilateral weight bearing CT, and the FAO values were recorded. The long axial view angle(HAct)was measured on Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRR) as comparison. All values were measured and compared by two different investigators. The reproducibility of FAO and HAct were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) and regression analysis was conducted to study the correlation between the two methods. Results: In Group 1, the mean value for FAO/HAct was 1.69%±2.58%/4.13±2.67, in Group 2, the FAO/HAct was 7.46%±3.18%/9.00±3.43; in Group 3 the values were -6.11%±4.55%/-7.49±6.06. The intra- and interobserver reliability were 0.991/0.992 and 0.976/0.976. There was a good linear correlation between HAct and FAO (R2=0.778, and the regression slope was 1.083. Conclusion: The use of weightbearing CT can help characterize hindfoot alignment objectively using WBCT. The present study is the first prospective comparative assessment of this technology and shows that FAO has good repeatability, and it correlates well with clinical examination,, X ray findings and previous literature. The FAO is a clinically relevant and reproducible method for measuring hindfoot alignment.
Limb-threatening Deep Infections Associated With Hardware Complications After Intramedullary Hindfoot Nailing in Charcot Feet
Authors: Strauss Michael , Lee David 
Published: September 2018

Category: Diabetes Introduction/Purpose: Multiple experiences with hindfoot intramedullary nailing (HINs) have demonstrated their usefulness for salvage of even the most severe ankle and foot deformities. However, special precautions must be employed when using this procedure in the diabetic with sensory neuropathy and advanced Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) bone changes. A series of limb threatening complications after using the HIN in this subset of patients occurred. All failures were due to further bone collapse associated with the CN and penetration of the distal interlocking screws through the skin. This has led to the establishment of a protocol for reducing the chances of adverse occurrences when utilizing HIN in the named patient group. Methods: Three index cases in diabetes with failed HINs, two resulting in below knee amputations, were analyzed retrospectively. All initially presented with severe deformities with impending ulcerations at the apices of the deformities. Satisfactory realignments of the foot and ankle were achieved with lateral malleolus resections and tibia-talus osteotomies to restore the foot to the plantigrade position. The corrected position was maintained with the HIR and patients were allowed to fully weight bear in protective diabetic equipment 3 months after the surgeries. Results: Twelve to 18 months later, one or more of the tips of the distal interlocking screws of the HIRs penetrated the skin of the foot. Even with immediate removal of interlocking screws, two of the three patients subsequently required transtibial amputations. The patient in whom a transtibial amputation was avoided continues to ambulate with a CROW boot more than three years after complications of the rodding were managed. This experience has led to the generation of a protocol to potentially minimize the risk of limb-threatening complications related to hardware. Conclusion: The proposed protocol includes: First, proximal interlocking screws are not inserted to allow proximal migration of the rod in anticipation of further CN bone collapse. Second, the hindfoot interlocking screws are removed one year post-op and protective footwear continued. Third, if there is skin breakdown by screw, all hardware is removed and the medullary canal is reamed, plus antibiotic course and wound care. After this if infection markers are negative, 2nd-stage revision surgery is considered. The protocol seeks to minimize deep infections associated with HINs of severe CN foot deformities and further study to assess its impact is needed.
Correction of foot malalignment after old talar neck fracture
Authors: Wang Bibo 
Published: September 2018

Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Posttraumatic talar neck mal-union often results in varus hindfoot and adducted forefoot. That leads to a deformed stiff foot and peri-talar osteoarthritis, causing pain, altered gait and dysfunctions. This study analyzed the adopted corrective methods and their clinical and radiographic outcomes. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed 18 cases of symptomatic malaligned foot as a result of old talar neck fracture, who undertook corrective surgeries during the period from Sept.2009 to Oct. 2016. The average time interval between the injury and the corrective surgery was 23.8±33.5 months. Procedures including ORIF of talus, lateralizing calcaneal osteotomy, subtalar arthrodesis and opening osteotomy of medial talus were selected for the correction and reconstruction of foot deformity. The follow-up time after surgery was 29.5±18.5months. The angle of first metatarsal axis and talar axis (FMT) was measured on the A-P view of foot. The distance between the lowest point of calcaneus and the tibial axis (Moment Arm, MoA) and the angle between the lateral wall of calcaneus and tibial axis (hindfoot alignment angle, HAA) were measured on the hindfoot alignment view of foot. VAS score, AOFAS-AH score and SF-36 scores were compared before and after surgery. Results: The FMT angle increased from -6.8±5.7 degrees before surgery to +1.8±2.6 degrees after surgery (p<0.05); The MoA increased from -3.1±2.4 cm before surgery to +0.5±1.0 cm after surgery (p<0.05); The HAA increased from -19.6±8.3 degrees before surgery to -3.8±4.1 degrees after surgery (p<0.05) 。 The VAS score decreased from 6.5±2.3 before surgery to 1.0±1.2 after surgery (p<0.05). The AOFAS-AH score increased from 54.5±16.2 before surgery to 88.6±12.3 after surgery (p<0.05). The SF-36 score increased from 48.7±10.5 before surgery to 85.4±9.2 after surgery (p<0.05). The osteotomy and arthrodesis sites were healing well judging from the X-ray and CT images. Conclusion: The correction and reconstruction of deformed foot resulted from old mal-united talar fracture poses a difficult clinical problem. The major principle is to correct the varus hindfoot and adducted forefoot. Selected Combined procedures including ORIF of talus, calcaneal lateralizing osteotomy, subtalar arthrodesis and medial talar opening osteotomy are recommended to restore normal alignments and functions.
Measuring shared mental models in healthcare
Authors: Gisick Logan M , Webster Kristen L , Keebler Joseph R , Lazzara Elizabeth H , Fouquet Sarah , Fletcher Keaton , Fagerlund Agnes , Lew Victoria , Chan Raymond 
Published: September 2018

Objective To review common qualitative and quantitative methods of measuring shared mental models appropriate for use in the healthcare setting. Background Shared mental models are the overlap of individuals’ set of knowledge and/or assumptions that act as the basis for understanding and decision making between individuals. Within healthcare, shared mental models facilitate effective teamwork and theorized to influence clinical decision making and performance. With the current rapid growth and expansion of healthcare teams, it is critical that we understand and correctly use shared mental model measurement methods assess optimal team performance. Unfortunately, agreement on the proper measurement of shared mental models within healthcare remains diffuse. Method This paper presents methods appropriate to measure shared mental models within healthcare. Results Multiple shared mental model measurement methods are discussed with regard to their utility within this setting, ease of use, and difficulties in deploying within the healthcare operational environment. For rigorous analysis of shared mental models, it is recommended that a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses be employed. Conclusion There are multitude of shared mental model measurement methods that can be used in the healthcare domain; although there is no perfect solution for every situation. Researchers can utilize this article to determine the best approach for their needs.
Longitudinal Trajectory and Characterization of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in a Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Janelsins Michelle C. , Heckler Charles E. , Peppone Luke J. , Ahles Tim A. , Mohile Supriya G. , Mustian Karen M. , Palesh Oxana , O’Mara Ann M. , Minasian Lori M. , Williams Annalynn M. , Magnuson Allison , Geer Jodi , Dakhil Shaker R. , Hopkins Judith O. , Morrow Gary R. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) is an important clinical problem in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. Nationwide longitudinal studies are needed to understand the trajectory and severity of CRCI in specific cognitive domains. Patients and Methods The overall objective of this nationwide, prospective, observational study conducted within the National Cancer Institute Community Clinical Oncology Research Program was to assess trajectories in specific cognitive domains in patients with breast cancer (stage I-IIIC) receiving chemotherapy, from pre- (A1) to postchemotherapy (A2) and from prechemotherapy to 6 months postchemotherapy (A3); controls were assessed at the same time-equivalent points. The primary aim assessed visual memory using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Delayed Match to Sample test by longitudinal mixed models including A1, A2, and A3 and adjusting for age, education, race, cognitive reserve score, and baseline anxiety and depressive symptoms. We also assessed trajectories of CRCI in other aspects of memory as well as in attention and executive function with computerized, paper-based, and telephone-based cognitive tests. Results In total, 580 patients with breast cancer (mean age, 53.4 years) and 363 controls (mean age, 52.6 years) were assessed. On the Delayed Match to Sample test, the longitudinal mixed model results revealed a significant group-by-time effect ( P < .005); patients declined over time from prechemotherapy (A1) to 6 months postchemotherapy (A3; P = .005), but controls did not change ( P = .426). The group difference between patients and controls was also significant, revealing declines in patients but not controls ( P = .017). Several other models of computerized, standard, and telephone tests indicated significantly worse performance by patients compared with controls from pre- to postchemotherapy and from prechemotherapy to 6 months postchemotherapy. Conclusion This nationwide study showed CRCI in patients with breast cancer affects multiple cognitive domains for at least 6 months postchemotherapy.
Divergent early mesoderm specification underlies distinct head and trunk muscle programmes in vertebrates
Authors: Nandkishore Nitya , Vyas Bhakti , Javali Alok , Ghosh Subho , Sambasivan Ramkumar 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Head and trunk muscles have discrete embryological origins and are governed by distinct regulatory programmes. Whereas the developmental route of trunk muscles from mesoderm is well studied, that of head muscles is ill defined. Here, we show that, unlike the myogenic trunk paraxial mesoderm, head mesoderm development is independent of the T/Tbx6 network in mouse. We reveal that, in contrast to Wnt and FGF-driven trunk mesoderm, dual inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin and Nodal specifies head mesoderm. Remarkably, the progenitors derived from embryonic stem cells by dual inhibition efficiently differentiate into cardiac and skeletal muscle cells. This twin potential is the defining feature of cardiopharyngeal mesoderm: the head subtype giving rise to heart and branchiomeric head muscles. Therefore, our findings provide compelling evidence that dual inhibition specifies head mesoderm and unravel the mechanism that diversifies head and trunk muscle programmes during early mesoderm fate commitment. Significantly, this is the first report of directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, without transgenes, into progenitors with muscle/heart dual potential. Ability to generate branchiomeric muscle in vitro could catalyse efforts in modelling myopathies that selectively involve head muscles.
Protein localization screening in vivo reveals novel regulators of multiciliated cell development and function
Authors: Tu Fan , Sedzinski Jakub , Ma Yun , Marcotte Edward M. , Wallingford John B. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Multiciliated cells (MCCs) drive fluid flow in diverse tubular organs and are essential for the development and homeostasis of the vertebrate central nervous system, airway and reproductive tracts. These cells are characterized by dozens or hundreds of motile cilia that beat in a coordinated and polarized manner. In recent years, genomic studies have not only elucidated the transcriptional hierarchy for MCC specification but also identified myriad new proteins that govern MCC ciliogenesis, cilia beating and cilia polarization. Interestingly, this burst of genomic data has also highlighted that proteins with no obvious role in cilia do, in fact, have important ciliary functions. Understanding the function of proteins with little prior history of study presents a special challenge, especially when faced with large numbers of such proteins. Here, we define the subcellular localization in MCCs of ∼200 proteins not previously implicated in cilia biology. Functional analyses arising from the screen provide novel links between actin cytoskeleton and MCC ciliogenesis.
Activation of mammalian cytoplasmic dynein in multimotor motility assays
Authors: Monzon Gina A. , Scharrel Lara , Santen Ludger , Diez Stefan 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
Long-range intracellular transport is facilitated by motor proteins, such as kinesin-1 and cytoplasmic dynein, moving along microtubules (MTs). These motors often work in teams for the transport of various intracellular cargos. Although transport by multiple kinesin-1 motors has been studied extensively in the past, collective effects of cytoplasmic dynein are less well understood. On the level of single molecules, mammalian cytoplasmic dynein is not active in the absence of dynactin and adaptor proteins. However, when assembled into a team bound to the same cargo, processive motility has been observed. The underlying mechanism of this activation is not known. Here, we found that in MT gliding motility assays the gliding velocity increased with dynein surface density and MT length. Developing a mathematical model based on single-molecule parameters, we were able to simulate the observed behavior. Integral to our model is the usage of an activation term, which describes a mechanical activation of individual dynein motors when being stretched by other motors. We hypothesize that this activation is similar to the activation of single dynein motors by dynactin and adaptor proteins.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.