bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration in Missiological Research
Authors: Storstein Haug Kari 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe phenomenon of migration has received a considerable amount of scholarly attention in recent years. This article presents and elaborates on how contemporary missiological research addresses and discusses migration processes. It approached the theme of migration from various perspectives, including how migration phenomena influence individual and communal expressions of faith; how migration experiences are and can be reflected on theologically; and challenges and opportunities of migration to mission thinking and practice. Further, based on the presentation of themes and approaches in the field, the article discusses how migration might challenge and develop the research agenda within missiology. It is argued that migration and migration processes do not only challenge the idea of easily identifiable contexts, but that they also blur and destabilize the whole idea of fixed borders. This challenges missiology to rethink its basic theories related to contextualization and inter‐religious encounters, as well as the understanding of mission thinking and practice.
Deleveraging and decline in revenue‐expense matching over time
Authors: Hyun Jeong‐Hoon , Cho Hyungjin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAccounting rules mandate that the cost of debt should be recorded as an expense, while the cost of equity does not appear in the income statement. Therefore, the amount of financing expense, and thus net income, in the income statements depends on how firms finance their business. Based on a clear, substantial trend of declining leverage since the 1990s, we examine how changes in capital structure might influence earnings attributes—the matching between revenues and expenses. We find that the contemporaneous relation between revenues and interest expense in US firms has decreased from 1972 to 2013, a result of both changes in leverage and the declining explanatory power of interest expense with respect to revenues. When we construct the weighted average costs of capital based on the costs of both debt and equity, we find the contemporaneous relation between revenues and the costs of capital has not significantly changed. Our results indicate that differential accounting treatment of the costs of debt and equity can affect earnings attributes through change in capital structure.
Childhood high‐frequency EEG activity during sleep is associated with incident insomnia symptoms in adolescence
Authors: Fernandez‐Mendoza Julio , Li Yun , Fang Jidong , Calhoun Susan L. , Vgontzas Alexandros N. , Liao Duanping , Bixler Edward O. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundInsomnia has been associated in cross‐sectional studies with increased beta (15–35 Hz) electroencephalogram (EEG) power during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, an index of cortical hyperarousal. However, it is unknown whether this cortical hyperarousal is present before individuals with insomnia develop the disorder. To fill this gap, we examined the association of childhood sleep high‐frequency EEG activity with incident insomnia symptoms (i.e., absence of insomnia symptoms in childhood but presence in adolescence).MethodsWe studied a case–control subsample of 45 children (6–11 years) from the Penn State Child Cohort, a population‐based random sample of 421 children, who were followed up after 8 years as adolescents (13–20 years). We examined low‐beta (15–25 Hz) and high‐beta (25–35 Hz) relative power at central EEG derivations during NREM sleep and, in secondary analyses, during sleep onset latency, sleep onset, and REM sleep. Incident insomnia symptoms were defined as the absence of parent‐reported difficulty falling and/or staying asleep during childhood and a self‐report of these insomnia symptoms during adolescence.ResultsChildhood high‐beta power during NREM sleep was significantly increased in children who developed insomnia symptoms in adolescence (n = 25) as compared to normal sleeping controls (n = 20;p = .03). Multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models showed that increased childhood high‐beta EEG power during NREM sleep was associated with a threefold increased odds (95% CI = 1.12–7.98) of incident insomnia symptoms in adolescence. No other significant relationships were observed for other sleep/wake states or EEG frequency bands.ConclusionsIncreased childhood high‐frequency EEG power during NREM sleep is associated with incident insomnia symptoms in adolescence. This study indicates that cortical hyperarousal during sleep may be a premorbid neurophysiological sign of insomnia, which may mediate the increased risk of psychiatric disorders associated with insomnia.
Novel murine model of congenital diabetes: The insulin hyposecretion mouse
Authors: Nakano Kenta , Yanobu‐Takanashi Rieko , Takahashi Yuki , Sasaki Hayato , Shimizu Yukiko , Okamura Tadashi , Sasaki Nobuya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetic animal models have made an enormous contribution to our understanding of the etiology of diabetes and the development of new medications. The aim of the present study was to develop and characterize a novel, non‐obese murine strain with spontaneous diabetes – the insulin hyposecretion (ihs) mouse.Materials and MethodsDuring the development of the ICGN.B6‐Tns2WT strain as the control for the ICGN‐Tns2nph congenital nephrotic strain, diabetic mice were discovered and named ihs mice. Intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test, oral glucose tolerance test and an insulin secretion experiment by the pancreas perfusion system were carried out on ihs mice. The pancreatic islets were examined histologically, and the mRNA expression of pancreatic β‐cell‐specific genes or genes associated with monogenic diabetes was examined by RT‐qPCR.ResultsThe ihs mice showed several distinctive diabetes‐related characteristics: (i) the onset of diabetes was observed only in the male mice; (ii) there were no differences in insulin content between the ihs and control mice; (iii) impaired insulin secretion was elicited by glucose, potassium chloride and sulfonylureas; (iv) there was a significant reduction of relative β‐cell volume with no signs of inflammation or fibrosis; (v) they showed a normal glycemic response to exogenous insulin; and (vi) the mice were not obese.ConclusionsThe ihs mouse provides a novel murine model of congenital diabetes that shows insulin secretion failure. This model allows not only an analysis of the progression of diabetes, but also the identification of unknown genes involved in insulin secretion.
Multifactors accelerated aging of sterilized acidic pudding determined by traditional and fluorescence techniques
Authors: Moufle Anne‐Laure , Jamet Julie , Karoui Romdhane 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to reproduce quality changes occurring in shelf‐stable pudding over 368 days, in less than 100 days by using one or more accelerating factors. The effect of headspace volume, packaging permeability, combination of packaging permeability and light, iron, and heat treatment on the evolution of pudding quality during storage was studied at the molecular and macroscopic levels. For control samples, an increase in the consistency, apparent viscosity, hysteresis area, G'‐G" crossover and yellowness was observed throughout storage. The rheology, pH, and colorimetric measurements failed to discriminate samples subjected to different accelerating factors from the control ones. Regarding the shapes of tryptophan and riboflavin emission spectra, samples with high permeability to oxygen and exposed to light were the most deteriorated, followed by those supplemented with iron or subjected to high heat treatment. However, iron and heat treatment trials were found to be the most suitable parameters to accelerate aging of pudding. Finally, both, headspace volume or packaging permeability did not affect the aging of acidic pudding samples.Practical applicationsSevere heat treatment or the addition of iron in the pudding recipe could be used as suitable parameters to accelerate shelf‐stable acidic pudding aging. Fluorescence spectroscopy technique showed a high discrimination power and can be applied for online monitoring of shelf‐stable dairy desserts quality, as it requires no preparation of the sample.
Managing clinical uncertainty: An ethnographic study of the impact of critical care outreach on end‐of‐life transitions in ward‐based critically ill patients with a life‐limiting illness
Authors: Pattison Natalie , Mclellan Jude , Roskelly Lara , McLeod Kirsty , Wiseman Theresa 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRapid response teams, such as critical care outreach teams, have prominent roles in managing end‐of‐life transitions in critical illness, often questioning appropriateness of treatment escalation. Clinical uncertainty presents clinicians with dilemmas in how and when to escalate or de‐escalate treatment.Aims and objectivesTo explore how critical care outreach team decision‐making processes affect the management of transition points for critically ill, ward‐based patients with a life‐limiting illness.MethodsAn ethnographic study across two hospitals observed transition points and decisions to de‐escalate treatment, through the lens of critical care outreach. In‐depth interviews were carried out to elucidate rationales for practices witnessed in observations. Detailed field notes were taken and placed in a descriptive account. Ethnographic data were analysed, categorised and organised into themes using thematic analysis.FindingsData were collected over 74 weeks, encompassing 32 observation periods with 20 staff, totalling more than 150 hr. Ten formal staff interviews and 20 informal staff interviews were undertaken. Three main themes emerged: early decision‐making and the role of critical care outreach; communicating end‐of‐life transitions; end‐of‐life care and the input of critical care outreach. Findings suggest there is a negotiation to achieve smooth transitions for individual patients, between critical care outreach, and parent or ward medical teams. This process of negotiation is subject to many factors that either hinder or facilitate timely transitions.ConclusionsCritical care outreach teams have an important role in shared decision‐making. Associated emotional costs relate to conflict with parent medical teams, and working as lone practitioners. The cultural contexts in which teams work have a significant effect on their interactions and agency.Relevance to practiceThere needs to be a cultural shift towards early and open discussion of treatment goals and limitations of medical treatment, particularly when facing serious illness. With training and competencies, outreach nurses are well placed to facilitate these discussions.
Effectiveness of the proximal optimization technique for longitudinal stent elongation caused by post‐balloon dilatation
Authors: Matsuda Yuji , Ashikaga Takashi , Sasaoka Taro , Hatano Yu , Umemoto Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Takanobu , Maejima Yasuhiro , Hirao Kenzo 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of the proximal optimization technique (POT) to prevent longitudinal stent elongation.BackgroundThe mechanism of stent elongation, which occurs after post‐balloon dilation, is still unclear.MethodsA total of 103 lesions treated with optical coherence tomography guided coronary intervention between May 2013 and November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Lesions were divided according to the circumferential degree of malapposition at the stent edge immediately after deployment into well‐apposed group (<180°) and malapposed group (≥180°). Post‐dilation was performed from distal to proximal within the stent until August 2016 (non‐POT cohort), and POT was applied thereafter (POT cohort). In the POT cohort, post‐dilation was done at the proximal portion of the stent with sufficiently large balloon to minimize malapposition followed by distal dilatations. Stent elongation length was defined as the change in stent length from stent deployment to after post‐dilatation.ResultsIn the non‐POT cohort, 72 lesions, including 54 lesions in the well‐apposed group and 18 in the malapposed group were analyzed. Stent elongation length was significantly longer in the malapposed group than in the well‐apposed group (1.51 ± 1.34 mm vs 0.13 ± 0.84 mm, P < 0.01). In the POT cohort, 31 lesions including 21 in the well‐apposed group and 10 in the malapposed group were analyzed. Stent elongation length was not significantly different between the groups (−0.09 ± 0.91 mm vs 0.30 ± 0.99 mm, P = 0.29).ConclusionsMalapposition of the stent edge is responsible for longitudinal stent elongation caused by post‐dilatation. POT appeared to effectively prevent longitudinal stent elongation.
Staphylococcus aureus haem biosynthesis and acquisition pathways are linked through haem monooxygenase IsdG
Authors: Videira, Marco A. M. , Lobo, Susana A. L. , Silva, Liliana S. O. , Palmer, David J. , Warren, Martin J. , Prieto, Manuel , Coutinho, Ana , Sousa, Filipa L. , Fernandes Fábio , Saraiva Lígia M. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryHaem is an essential cofactor in central metabolic pathways in the vast majority of living systems. Prokaryotes acquire haem via haem biosynthesis pathways, and some also utilize haem uptake systems, yet it remains unclear how they balance haem requirements with the paradox that free haem is toxic. Here, using the model pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, we report that IsdG, one of two haem oxygenase enzymes in the haem uptake system, inhibits the formation of haem via the internal haem biosynthesis route. More specifically, we show that IsdG decreases the activity of ferrochelatase and that the two proteins interact both in vitro and in vivo. Further, a bioinformatics analysis reveals that a significant number of haem biosynthesis pathway containing organisms possess an IsdG‐homologue and that those with both biosynthesis and uptake systems have at least two haem oxygenases. We conclude that IsdG‐like proteins control intracellular haem levels by coupling the two pathways. IsdG is thus a target for the treatment of S. aureusinfections.
Speedy stomata, photosynthesis and plant water use efficiency
Authors: Lawson Tracy , Vialet‐Chabrand Silvère 
Published: July 2018

Contents

Summary
93

I.
Introduction
93

II.
Influence of the speed of gs responses on A and Wi
93

III.
Determinants of the rapidity of gs responses
95

IV.
Conclusion
97

Acknowledgements
97

References
97

SummaryStomatal movements control CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and water loss through transpiration, and therefore play a key role in plant productivity and water use efficiency. The predicted doubling of global water usage by 2030 mean that stomatal behaviour is central to current efforts to increase photosynthesis and crop yields, particularly under conditions of reduced water availability. In the field, slow stomatal responses to dynamic environmental conditions add a temporal dimension to gaseous fluxes between the leaf and atmosphere. Here, we review recent work on the rapidity of stomatal responses and present some of the possible anatomical and biochemical mechanisms that influence the rapidity of stomatal movements.
Significance of leukocytosis prior to cardiac device implantation
Authors: Kumar Darpan S. , Tompkins Christine M. , Veenhuyzen George D. , Henrikson Charles A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionInfection remains a dreaded complication after cardiac implanted electronic device (CIED) placement. The prognostic value of the preoperative white blood cell (WBC) count, in the absence of other signs of infection, at time of CIED placement as a predictor of postoperative infection, has not been previously examined.MethodsThe study population included 1,247 consecutive device implantations over a 4‐year period that met inclusion criteria. The association between preoperative WBC count and resultant infection postoperatively was examined. Early infection was defined as definite infection of the pocket or lead system or development of systemic infection identified <60 days after implantation. Preoperative WBC counts were obtained within 48 hours of the procedure.ResultsBaseline characteristics of the population studied were mean age of 65 years, 66% men, and 72% Caucasian. Pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), and biventricular ICDs were implanted in 41%, 44%, and 15%, respectively. Average procedure time was 174 minutes ± 80. Of 1,247 device implantations, there were 10 infections (0.8%). Mean preprocedure WBC count in those diagnosed with infection was 8.1 × 103/uL (range 5–11.7) and in those without infection was 7.8 × 10^3/uL (range 2.3–29) (P = 0.73). Cases resulting in infection demonstrated minimal change in WBC count (mean +5.5 ± 26.5%). There was no statistically significant difference in preprocedure WBC count between the two groups (P = 0.7). Regardless of preprocedural WBC, no patients had other signs and symptoms of infection at time of device implantation.ConclusionAs an isolated finding, an elevated preprocedure WBC should not delay the implantation of an indicated device.
Evaluation of left ventricular false tendons in children with idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Merlocco Anthony , Brown David W. , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Mah Douglas Y. , Triedman John K. , Alexander Mark E. , Walsh Edward P. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular false tendons (FT) traverse the ventricular cavity and are thought to have some association with idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT). However, reported prevalence of FT varies widely, making correlation difficult. Superior echocardiographic windows of pediatric patients may permit better analysis of FT in ILVT. Our study describes the relationship between FT and ILVT in young patients.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study of 30 ILVT patients with 98 controls compared for FT. Diagnosis of ILVT was made by electrocardiogram and clinical history, and for 25 patients was further confirmed by electrophysiology study (EPS). Presence of FT was identified by one blinded observer and verified by a second blinded observer. Presence of FT was then compared between ILVT patients and controls using Fisher's exact test.ResultsPresence of FT did not differ significantly between patients and controls (53% vs 43%, P = 0.40). Twelve FT patients (19%) had multiple FTs detected, though the incidence of ILVT was no higher in the setting of multiple FTs. A total of 25 patients with ILVT underwent EPS for intended ablation therapy, with ultimate success in 22/25 (88%) after one or more ablation sessions. Of the 25 EPS patients, FTs were present in 11, but precise correlation between successful ablation location and FT location was not possible since intraprocedural echocardiography was not performed in this patient group.ConclusionsPresence of FTs did not differ between ILVT patients and controls. While FTs are not absolutely required for ILVT, they may still play a role in some cases.
Efficacy of ivabradine to control ventricular arrhythmias in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Vaksmann Guy , Klug Didier 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCatecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a potentially lethal hereditary disease characterized by complex ventricular arrhythmias provoked by exercise or emotional stress and by a high mortality rate in young individuals. Nadolol alone or in combination with flecainide is the most effective therapy. However, compliance to treatment is often low due to side effects.We report two patients with CPVT in whom side effects of treatment prompted discontinuation of flecainide or nadolol and in whom ivabradine was successfully added to therapy. In these two patients, ivabradine in combination with nadolol or flecainide was well tolerated and successfully suppressed nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and couplets. Thus, ivabradine could limit the use of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators or left cardiac sympathetic denervation in CPVT patients with uncontrollable ventricular arrhythmias.
Physical comorbidities in older adults receiving antidepressants in Asia
Authors: Zhong Xiao‐Mei , Dong Min , Wang Fei , Zhang Qinge , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Chiu Helen F.K. , Si Tian‐Mei , Sim Kang , Avasthi Ajit , Grover Sandeep , Chong Mian‐Yoon , Chee Kok‐Yoon , Kanba Shigenobu , Lee Min‐Soo , Yang Shu‐Yu , Udomratn Pichet , Kallivayalil Roy A. , Tanra Andi J. , Maramis Margarita M. , Shen Winston W. , Sartorius Norman , Mahendran Rathi , Tan Chay‐Hoon , Shinfuku Naotaka , Xiang Yu‐Tao 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundThe present study explored the patterns of physical comorbidities and their associated demographic and clinical factors in older psychiatric patients prescribed with antidepressants in Asia.MethodsDemographic and clinical information of 955 older adults were extracted from the database of the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antidepressants (REAP‐AD) project. Standardized data collection procedure was used to record demographic and clinical data.ResultsProportion of physical comorbidities in this cohort was 44%. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that older age (OR = 1.7, P < 0.001), higher number of depressive symptoms (OR = 1.09, P = 0.016), being treated in psychiatric hospital (OR = 0.5, P = 0.002), living in high income countries/territories (OR = 2.4, P = 0.002), use of benzodiazepines (OR = 1.4, P = 0.013) and diagnosis of ‘other psychiatric disorders’ (except mood, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia) (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with physical comorbidities.ConclusionsPhysical comorbidities in older patients prescribed with antidepressants were common in Asia. Integrating physical care into the treatment of older psychiatric patients should be urgently considered.
Caregivers’ education decreases depression symptoms and burden in caregivers of patients with dementia
Authors: Terayama Hideyuki , Sakurai Hirofumi , Namioka Nayuta , Jaime Rieko , Otakeguchi Koko , Fukasawa Raita , Sato Tomohiko , Hirao Kentaro , Kanetaka Hidekazu , Shimizu Soichiro , Umahara Takahiko , Hanyu Haruo 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo determine whether providing education to caregivers of patients with dementia decreases their depression symptoms and burden.MethodsEighty‐three outpatients with dementia being treated at the Memory Clinic of Tokyo Medical University Hospital and their caregivers were enrolled. Forty‐seven caregivers were enrolled in the caregivers’ education (EDU) group and 36 were enrolled in the control (CTL) group. Caregivers were assessed for depression, burden, and quality of life (QoL). Patients were assessed for cognition, psychological symptoms, and QoL. Assessments were carried out at baseline and at 3 months (3M). Caregivers in the EDU group received lectures on symptoms and progression of dementia, management of symptoms, use of social resources etc.ResultsAt 3M, prevalence of depression symptoms in the EDU group significantly decreased from 36% to 17%, whereas it significantly increased from 22% to 50% in the CTL group. Depression and burden were significantly improved at 3M in the EDU group, whereas they significantly worsened in the CTL group. Psychological symptoms showed a lower tendency at 3M for the EDU group. No significant changes in QoL of caregivers and patients were found in either group.ConclusionsProviding education to caregivers of patients with dementia improves their depression symptoms and sense of burden, and tends to improve the behaviour and psychological symptoms of dementia in the patients. Providing education to caregivers of dementia patients may hence result in beneficial effects for both the patients and their caregivers, and should be widely used in dementia care.