bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food assistance use barriers, facilitators, and recommendations: insights from a qualitative study of racially and ethnically diverse parents
Authors: Hazzard Vivienne M. , Kunin-Batson Alicia S. , Trofholz Amanda C. , Noser Amy E. , de Brito Junia N. , Pitera Rosabella T. , Berge Jerica M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators to utilising a range of food assistance resources as reported by parents living with or at risk for food insecurity (FI), as well as parents’ recommendations for improving utilisation of these resources. Qualitative data from semi-structured interviews about parents’ perspectives on interventions to address FI were analysed using a hybrid deductive/inductive thematic approach. Parents were drawn from the larger Family Matters longitudinal cohort study (N = 1,307), which was recruited from primary care clinics in Minnesota. Forty racially and ethnically diverse parents (Mage = 38.5 years; 97.5% mothers; 85% parents of colour) were recruited by food security level, with ten parents representing each level (i.e. high, marginal, low, very low). Six overarching qualitative themes were identified, which indicated the importance of (1) comfort level seeking assistance; (2) routine screening to assess need; (3) advertising, referrals, and outreach; (4) adequacy of policies and programmes to address need; (5) resource proximity and delivery; and (6) acceptability of foods/benefits provided. With some exceptions, these themes were generally represented from more than one angle (i.e. as barriers, facilitators, recommendations) and raised as relevant across different types of assistance (e.g. federal food assistance programmes, food pantries) and different settings (e.g. schools, healthcare). This study identified key factors influencing food assistance utilisation across multiple dimensions of access. These factors—which range from psychosocial to logistical in nature—should be considered in efforts to expand the reach of food assistance programmes and, in turn, improve food security among families.
Competing interpretations of international law: Law and politics in the war crimes trials of Nationalist China, 1946–1949
Authors: Chu Ming-hsi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article challenges the prevailing view that after the Second World War, the war crime trials of Nationalist China were guided by the principle of ‘leniency and promptness’. This study reveals that the Ministry of National Defense (MND), the entity responsible for formulating war crime laws, had a desire for vengeance and sought to appropriate international law to bolster China’s hegemonic position. In contrast, the Chinese Supreme Court judges, influenced by their commitment to fostering a civilized state, interpreted the law in alignment with international norms, thereby curbing the MND’s vindictive intentions. As a result, the MND and the judiciary emerged as competing interpreters of international law.
The study compares China’s War Criminal Trial Act of 1946 (WCTA) with the Nuremberg Charter, the Hague Conventions, and the legislation of other Allied states. When compared to similar legislative texts, the WCTA has the following distinctions: 1) it has an expansive scope, 2) it adopts a stricter liability, 3) it asserts extraterritorial rights for overseas Chinese, and 4) it promotes Chinese nationalism by encompassing racially Chinese as eligible victims of crimes against humanity.
In contrast, the Judicial Yuan, which was responsible for unifying legal interpretation, limited the scope of the WCTA, hindered its promotion of Chinese nationalism, and restrained the political revenge on Taiwanese people by interpreting the WCTA per international law. This article traces the background of the Supreme Court judges making these decisions and demonstrates how their vision of ‘pursuing a civilized state’ triumphed over the MND’s impetus for vengeance.
Convective Growth of Auroral Arcs Through the Feedback Instability in a Dipole Geometry
Authors: Sakaki T. , Watanabe T.‐H. , Maeyama S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAuroral dynamics in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) coupling system with the dipole magnetic field is investigated by means of a novel simulation code developed with flux coordinates where a set of the reduced magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and the two‐fluid equations for the M‐I coupling system is numerically solved. The linear simulations of the feedback instability reveal that a wave packet of auroral arcs propagating in the north‐south direction is amplified through the feedback instability, and that the convective growth of auroral structures with enhancement of the ionospheric density and the field aligned current ceases because of the latitudinal dependence of the field line length. These properties are elucidated in terms of the local dispersion relation of the feedback instability for fixed real frequencies.
Ebb‐Dominant Mixing Increases the Seaward Sediment Flux in a Stratified Estuary
Authors: Niesten I. , Huismans Y. , Hoitink A. J. F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntratidal variability in stratification, referred to as internal tidal asymmetry, affects the residual sediment flux of an estuary by altering sediment transport differently during ebb and flood. Although earlier studies suggest that flood‐dominant mixing increases the residual landward sediment flux, the role of ebb‐dominant mixing remains largely unknown. Based on field data, we investigate the mechanisms that cause ebb‐dominant mixing and its effect on the residual sediment flux in a stratified estuarine channel. Observations based on two tidal cycles show that the pycnocline remains largely intact during flood. Vertical mixing during flood is inhibited by a strong fresh water outflow, confining landward transport of suspended sediment to the bottom layer. During ebb, the pycnocline height decreases until it interacts with the bottom boundary layer, resulting in enhanced vertical mixing and sediment transport extending further to the surface. Thus, ebb‐dominant mixing increases the residual sediment flux in seaward direction. The long ebb period in combination with limited bed sediment availability further contributes to the residual ebb‐flux. This is noteworthy since a long ebb duration corresponds to flood dominance, which is often associated with a landward residual sediment flux. Although our data represent average conditions and cannot readily be extrapolated to different forcing conditions, we conclude that asymmetries in vertical mixing considerably affect the residual sediment flux under average conditions.
NAO Signal in the Increased Interannual Variability of Spring Vegetation in Northeast Asia After the Early 2000s
Authors: Xin Ning , Zhou Botao , Chen Haishan , Sun Shanlei , Yu Miao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBased on the leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from 1982 to 2020, this study reveals a significant increase in the intensity of interannual variability (IIV) in spring (April–May) vegetation over Northeast Asia since the early 2000s. This change is closely linked to the notable increase in the IIV of April surface air temperatures over Northeast Asia from the former period (1986–2001) to the latter period (2002–2016). Further analysis also highlights a salient impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the strengthened IIV in vegetation. During the latter period, there is a substantial increase in the IIV of the March NAO compared with the former period. This greater variability allows the positive NAO to significantly influence the net heat fluxes, thereby leading to a positive phase of the North Atlantic tripole (NAT) sea surface temperature (SST) pattern in March. Given the persistence of SSTs, the positive NAT SST pattern lasts to April, subsequently causing positive height anomalies over Northeast Asia through a wave train that originates from the North Atlantic and propagates downstream. This process consequently results in an increase in surface air temperature over Northeast Asia and hence the local vegetation. Thus, the increased IIV of the March NAO is conducive to enhancing the IIV in spring vegetation over Northeast Asia.
Tumor budding and lymphovascular invasion as prognostic factors in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Stögbauer Fabian , Wirth Markus , Lauterbach Maren , Wollenberg Barbara , Schmidl Benedikt , Hoch Cosima C. , Ourailidis Iordanis , Hess Jochen , Eckstein Markus , Hartmann Arndt , Iro Heinrich , Gostian Antoniu-Oreste , Balk Matthias , Jesinghaus Moritz , Ribbat-Idel Julika , Sailer Verena-Wilbeth , Perner Sven , Bruchhage Karl-Ludwig , Hoffmann Markus , Lükewille Lukas , Stuhlmann-Laeisz Christiane Maria , Röcken Christoph , Mogler Carolin , Budczies Jan , Boxberg Melanie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
We aimed to validate the prognostic significance of tumor budding (TB) in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC).

Methods
We analyzed digitized H&E-stained slides from a multicenter cohort of five large university centers consisting of n = 275 cases of p16-positive OPSCC. We evaluated TB along with other histological parameters (morphology, tumor-stroma-ratio, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion) and calculated survival outcomes using both univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
TB was identified as an independent prognostic parameter, with TB-high cases showing inferior outcomes in univariate (HR: 3.08, 95%-CI: 1.71–5.54) and multivariate analyses (HR: 4.03, 95%-CI: 1.65–9.83). Similarly, LVI remained an independent prognostic factor (HR: 3.00, 95%-CI: 1.22–7.38). A combined classification including TB and LVI stratified cases into low-, intermediate- and high-risk categories. We could not detect correlations between TB and the number of lymph node metastases or between TB and an extracapsular extension of lymph node metastases.

Conclusions
In addition to LVI, we could identify TB as an independent prognostic factor in p16-positive OPSCC in this multicenter study cohort. Thus, evaluating TB along with LVI in a combined scheme for prognostication might help to establish a more personalized treatment regimen for patients with p16-positive OPSCC.
Off-stoichiometry effect on the physical properties of epoxy resins
Authors: Yamamoto Satoru , Phan Nguyen Thao , Kihara Kouki , Shundo Atsuomi , Tanaka Keiji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmines generally tend to segregate at the interface of the epoxy resins cured with amines. To gain better insight into the aggregation states and physical properties at the adhesive interface, we examined the cross-linking structure and physical properties of the cured epoxy resins with an off-stoichiometric ratio of epoxy and amine. As the excess amine increased, the amine not only remained as unreacted monomers or low-molecular-weight isolated chains within the cross-linking structure but also formed dangling chain ends, increasing heterogeneity in the cured epoxy resin. As a result, the cross-linking density and mass density decreased, along with a reduction in the glass transition temperature. On the other hand, Young’s modulus increased with the excess amount of amine. Wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments, in conjunction with molecular dynamics simulations, revealed that the excess amine suppressed the widening of the distance between phenyl groups during the curing reaction, suggesting that this could act as steric resistance during deformation.
Characterizing the evolutionary dynamics of cancer proliferation in single-cell clones with SPRINTER
Authors: Lucas Olivia , Ward Sophia , Zaidi Rija , Bunkum Abigail , Frankell Alexander M. , Moore David A. , Hill Mark S. , Liu Wing Kin , Marinelli Daniele , Lim Emilia L. , Hessey Sonya , Naceur-Lombardelli Cristina , Rowan Andrew , Purewal-Mann Sukhveer Kaur , Zhai Haoran , Dietzen Michelle , Ding Boyue , Royle Gary , Aparicio Samuel ,   TRACERx Consortium,   PEACE Consortium, McGranahan Nicholas , Jamal-Hanjani Mariam , Kanu Nnennaya , Swanton Charles , Zaccaria Simone 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Proliferation is a key hallmark of cancer, but whether it differs between evolutionarily distinct clones co-existing within a tumor is unknown. We introduce the Single-cell Proliferation Rate Inference in Non-homogeneous Tumors through Evolutionary Routes (SPRINTER) algorithm that uses single-cell whole-genome DNA sequencing data to enable accurate identification and clone assignment of S- and G2-phase cells, as assessed by generating accurate ground truth data. Applied to a newly generated longitudinal, primary-metastasis-matched dataset of 14,994 non-small cell lung cancer cells, SPRINTER revealed widespread clone proliferation heterogeneity, orthogonally supported by Ki-67 staining, nuclei imaging and clinical imaging. We further demonstrated that high-proliferation clones have increased metastatic seeding potential, increased circulating tumor DNA shedding and clone-specific altered replication timing in proliferation- or metastasis-related genes associated with expression changes. Applied to previously generated datasets of 61,914 breast and ovarian cancer cells, SPRINTER revealed increased single-cell rates of different genomic variants and enrichment of proliferation-related gene amplifications in high-proliferation clones.
Evaluation of tumorigenesis-related miRNAs in breast cancer in Egyptian women: a retrospective, exploratory analysis
Authors: Salum Ghada M. , Elaraby Nesma M. , Ahmed Hoda A. , Abd El Meguid Mai , Fotouh Basma E. , Ashraf Muhammed , Elhusseny Yasmine , Dawood Reham M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of global female cancer-related deaths, despite treatment advancements. A growing focus on investigating microRNA-based therapeutics and their role in BC progression. A computational analysis was performed to identify the potential miRNA–mRNA network involved in the BC pathogenesis and assist with the treatment strategy. Then, the expression levels of five circulatory miRNAs (miR-200a-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-205-5p, miR-15a-5p, and miR-155-5p) were assessed by using qRT-PCR in 75 BC patients (early-stage: n = 26 and late-stage: n = 49) and 20 healthy controls. The analysis included various (a) stages (early and late) and (b) receptor statuses (ER + ve & HER2 -ve), (HER + ve & ER -ve), and triple-negative (TNBC). In-silico analysis suggested that STAT3 serves as an efficacy biomarker suppressed by miR-124-3p. Additionally, the miR-155-5p showed the ability to activate CTNNB1 which acts as a biomarker for BC progression, to inhibit DNA repair genes (ARID2, and WEE1), and the transcriptional factor gene (TCF4). MiR-205-5p and miR-16 suppressed VEGFA expression, a survival factor for BC. MiR-200a-3p, miR-205-5p, and miR-124-3p showed downregulation in the serum of BC patients compared to controls. The ROC analysis of those miRNAs demonstrated their significant diagnostic accuracy for identifying BC patients. Additionally, miR-155-5p exhibited a significant upregulation in TNBC and can be used as an indicative marker for TNBC. This study holds significant promise for the development of noninvasive miRNA biomarkers with potential clinical applications.
The impact of smartphone-dispatched CPR-trained volunteers on OHCA outcomes is influenced by patient age
Authors: Fabianek Johanna , Felzen Marc , Riester Kim R. , Beckers Stefan K. , Rossaint Rolf , Schröder Hanna , Pitsch Mark 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) measures by non-professionals before the arrival of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) is known to be crucial for improving outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We assessed the impact of deploying CPR-trained volunteers via a smartphone-based alerting system on the outcome of OHCA patients. In a retrospective nonrandomized cohort study, all OHCA cases in the city of Aachen over a six-year period were analysed. We compared patient data, CPR metrics, alerting system data as well as outcome data between the intervention and control groups. From June 2017 to May 2023, 101 out of 852 resuscitations were initiated by volunteers alerted via a smartphone-based alerting system in OHCA events. We found no overall rise in the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate. An age-dependent subgroup analysis indicated an increased incidence of initially shockable rhythms and an increased ROSC rate for patients younger than 60 years in the intervention group, while implying a lower ROSC rate in patients older than 80 years after mobile responder CPR. Although this study was underpowered to yield statistically significant results, our findings suggest the need for an age-sensitive approach when evaluating the effects of first-responder systems on OHCA cases.
N-(Trimethylsilyl)diethylamine-Promoted Intramolecular SNAr Reaction of Electron-Rich Aryl Fluorides
Authors: Egi Masahiro , Shigeta Takashi , Ichikawa Yurika , Suzuki Shiho , Hamabe Yui , Nakahara Nanomi , Gonno Yuka , Ozeki Minoru , Kawasaki Ikuo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
N-(Trimethylsilyl)diethylamine (TMSNEt2) significantly promotes intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions of electron-rich aryl fluorides with t-BuOK and crown ether. Although substrates bearing electron-donating groups are conventionally inert under SNAr conditions, the activation of substrates by TMSNEt2 enables the reactions to proceed even at room temperature. This method is applicable to the preparation of benzo-fused oxygen-containing heterocycles, such as 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazines, 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzoxazepines, and 3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran, in good to excellent yields (56–93%).
Long-Latency Auditory Evoked Potentials in Adults with Williams Syndrome
Authors: Nascimento Jacqueline A. , Silva Liliane A.F. , Samelli Alessandra G. , Matas Carla G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background Williams syndrome (WS) is a genetic, multisystemic, neurodevelopmental disorder, in which studies have demonstrated the presence of auditory deficits such as conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, cochlear weakness, and subclinical signs of hearing impairment. However, few studies have assessed this population's central auditory system.
Purpose To analyze long-latency auditory evoked potential (LLAEP) in adults with WS and compare them with those obtained from neurotypical individuals with no hearing complaints.
Research Design A cross-sectional observational study with subjects who were submitted to LLAEP assessment with the oddball paradigm and tone-burst stimuli.
Study Sample A total of 30 individuals of both sexes, aged 18 to 37 years—15 had WS and comprised the study group (SG) and 15 did not have either the syndrome or hearing complaints and comprised the control group (CG); they were matched for sex and age.
Results The LLAEP analysis showed larger P1–N1 and P2–N2 amplitudes but smaller N2–P3 amplitude in SG, which also had delayed latencies in all components compared with CG.
Conclusion Adults with WS had increased neuronal response in identifying stimulus characteristics, attentional difficulties in auditory tasks, and deficits in auditory information processing speed.
Degenerate lump solutions of the (N+1)-dimensional gKP equation
Authors: Luo Jikang , Zhao Zhen , Pang Jing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using the Hirota bilinear method and the improved long-wave limit method to solve the (N + 1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (gKP) equation for anomalous scattering and weak interaction solutions. By improving the traditional long-wave limit method, the anomalous scattering of the two lumps are obtained, and the weak interaction solutions of multiple lumps are derived, and the dynamic behavior of the lump solutions are discussed in detail.
Modeling of electromagnetic radiation using a dual four-potential representation: from dipole blade radiators to ribbon loop-like antennas
Authors: Salazar Robert , Bayona-Roa Camilo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we explore classical electromagnetic radiation using a dual four-dimensional potential Θ
μ
approach. Our focus is on the Planar Dipole Blade Antenna (PDBA), a system consisting of two flat perfect conductive regions on the xy-plane, separated by a gap

G

, with alternating potentials applied to the conductors. This method emphasizes the use of the scalar magnetic potential Ψ(
r
, t) and the electric vector potential
Θ
, which generates the electric field
E
(
r
, t) = ∇ ×
Θ
(
r
, t) in free space. These potentials replace the standard magnetic vector potential
A
and the scalar electric potential
Φ
in our analysis. For harmonic radiation, the electromagnetic field can be expressed in terms of the electric vector potential
Θ
(
r
, t). We derive a corresponding retarded vector potential for
Θ
in terms of a two-dimensional vector field W(
r
, t), which flows through the gap region

G

. This dual analytical approach yields mathematically equivalent expressions for modeling Planar Blade Antennas, analogous to those used for ribbons in the region

G

, simplifying the mathematical problem. In the gapless limit, this approach reduces the two-dimensional radiator (PDBA) to a one-dimensional wire-loop-like antenna, significantly simplifying the problem's dimensionality. This leads to a dual version of Jefimenko's equations for the electric field, where W behaves like a surface current in the gap region and satisfies a continuity condition. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we provide an analytical solution for a PDBA with a thin annular gap at low frequency.
Improved particle tracking velocimetry based on level set segmentation for measuring the velocity field of granular flow
Authors: Gao 高 Jing-Yi 靖宜 , Chen 陈 Quan 泉 , Li 李 Ran 然 , Sun 孙 Ge 歌 , Mu 牟 Tong-Tong 彤彤 , Yang 杨 Hui 晖 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using traditional particle tracking velocimetry based on optical flow for measuring areas with large velocity gradient changes may cause oversmoothing, resulting in significant measurement errors. To address this problem, the traditional particle tracking velocimetry method based on an optical flow was improved. The level set segmentation algorithm was used to obtain the boundary contour of the region with large velocity gradient changes, and the non-uniform flow field was divided into regions according to the boundary contour to obtain sub-regions with uniform velocity distribution. The particle tracking velocimetry method based on optical flow was used to measure the granular flow velocity in each sub-region, thus avoiding the problem of granular flow distribution. The simulation results show that the measurement accuracy of this method is approximately 10% higher than that of traditional methods. The method was applied to a velocity measurement experiment on dense granular flow in silos, and the velocity distribution of the granular flow was obtained, verifying the practicality of the method in granular flow fields.