bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal microbiome adjusts the innate immune setpoint during colonization through negative regulation of MyD88
Authors: Koch Bjørn E. V. , Yang Shuxin , Lamers Gerda , Stougaard Jens , Spaink Herman P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHost pathways mediating changes in immune states elicited by intestinal microbial colonization are incompletely characterized. Here we describe alterations of the host immune state induced by colonization of germ-free zebrafish larvae with an intestinal microbial community or single bacterial species. We show that microbiota-induced changes in intestinal leukocyte subsets and whole-body host gene expression are dependent on the innate immune adaptor gene myd88. Similar patterns of gene expression are elicited by colonization with conventional microbiome, as well as mono-colonization with two different zebrafish commensal bacterial strains. By studying loss-of-function myd88 mutants, we find that colonization suppresses Myd88 at the mRNA level. Tlr2 is essential for microbiota-induced effects on myd88 transcription and intestinal immune cell composition.
Eye gaze patterns reveal how reasoning skills improve with experience
Authors: Guerra-Carrillo Belén C. , Bunge Silvia A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReasoning, our ability to solve novel problems, has been shown to improve as a result of learning experiences. However, the underlying mechanisms of change in this high-level cognitive ability are unclear. We hypothesized that possible mechanisms include improvements in the encoding, maintenance, and/or integration of relations among mental representations – i.e., relational thinking. Here, we developed several eye gaze metrics to pinpoint learning mechanisms that underpin improved reasoning performance. We collected behavioral and eyetracking data from young adults who participated in a Law School Admission Test preparation course involving word-based reasoning problems or reading comprehension. The Reasoning group improved more than the Comprehension group on a composite measure of four visuospatial reasoning assessments. Both groups improved similarly on an eyetracking paradigm involving transitive inference problems, exhibiting faster response times while maintaining high accuracy levels; nevertheless, the Reasoning group exhibited a larger change than the Comprehension group on an ocular metric of relational thinking. Across the full sample, individual differences in response time reductions were associated with increased efficiency of relational thinking. Accounting for changes in visual search and a more specific measure of relational integration improved the prediction accuracy of the model, but changes in these two processes alone did not adequately explain behavioral improvements. These findings provide evidence of transfer of learning across different kinds of reasoning problems after completing a brief but intensive course. More broadly, the high temporal precision and rich derivable parameters of eyetracking make it a powerful approach for probing learning mechanisms.
Unusual bidirectional frequency dependence of dynamical susceptibility in hexagonal intermetallic Pr2Ni0.95Si2.95
Authors: Pakhira Santanu , Mazumdar Chandan , Basu Abhik , Ranganathan R. , Bhowmik R. N. , Satpati Biswarup 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, the synthesis of a novel ternary intermetallic compound Pr2Ni0.95Si2.95 forming in single phase only by deliberately introducing vacancies in Ni/Si site is reported. The detailed studies on dc magnetization, heat capacity, ac magnetization & associated dynamical scaling, different types of non-equilibrium dynamical behaviour, viz., magnetic relaxation behaviour as a function of wait time and temperature, aging phenomena, and magnetic memory effect firmly establish that the compound exhibits spin freezing behaviour below 3.3 K (Tf). However, below Tf, temperature dependence of ac susceptibility data exhibit an additional peak that shows reverse frequency dependence to that generally observed in a glassy system. The unusual bidirectional frequency dependence in a single magnetic system is of significant interest and rarely reported in literature. Competing exchange interaction arising from c/a ~ 1 and crystallographic randomness driven magnetic phase separation has been argued to be responsible for such observation. The reverse frequency shift of the low temperature peak has been described on the basis of a simple phenomenological model proposed in this work.
Chemical transfer of dissolved organic matter from surface seawater to sea spray water-soluble organic aerosol in the marine atmosphere
Authors: Miyazaki Yuzo , Yamashita Youhei , Kawana Kaori , Tachibana Eri , Kagami Sara , Mochida Michihiro , Suzuki Koji , Nishioka Jun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is critical to understand how variations in chemical composition in surface seawater (SSW) affect the chemistry of marine atmospheric aerosols. We investigated the sea-to-air transfer of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) via cruise measurements of both ambient aerosols and SSW in the Oyashio and its coastal regions, the western subarctic Pacific during early spring. Sea spray aerosols (SSAs) were selected based on the stable carbon isotope ratio of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) (δ13CWSOC) and concentrations of glucose as a molecular tracer in marine aerosols together with local surface wind speed data. For both SSA and SSW samples, excitation-emission matrices were obtained to examine the transfer of fluorescent organic material. We found that the ratios of fluorescence intensity of humic-like and protein-like substances in the submicrometer SSAs were significantly larger than those in the bulk SSW (~63%). This ratio was also larger for the supermicrometer SSAs than for the SSW. The results suggest significant decomposition of protein-like DOC on a timescale of <12–24 h and/or preferential production of humic-like substances in the atmospheric aerosols regardless of the particle size. This study provides unique insights into the complex transfer of DOC from the ocean surface to the atmosphere.
Oleoylethanolamide treatment affects gut microbiota composition and the expression of intestinal cytokines in Peyer’s patches of mice
Authors: Di Paola Monica , Bonechi Elena , Provensi Gustavo , Costa Alessia , Clarke Gerard , Ballerini Clara , De Filippo Carlotta , Passani M. Beatrice 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe lipid sensor oleoylethanolamide (OEA), an endogenous high-affinity agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) secreted in the proximal intestine, is endowed with several distinctive homeostatic properties, such as control of appetite, anti-inflammatory activity, stimulation of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. When administered exogenously, OEA has beneficial effects in several cognitive paradigms; therefore, in all respects, OEA can be considered a hormone of the gut-brain axis. Here we report an unexplored modulatory effect of OEA on the intestinal microbiota and on immune response. Our study shows for the first time that sub-chronic OEA administration to mice fed a normal chow pellet diet, changes the faecal microbiota profile, shifting the Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio in favour of Bacteroidetes (in particular Bacteroides genus) and decreasing Firmicutes (Lactobacillus), and reduces intestinal cytokines expression by immune cells isolated from Peyer’s patches. Our results suggest that sub-chronic OEA treatment modulates gut microbiota composition towards a “lean-like phenotype”, and polarises gut-specific immune responses mimicking the effect of a diet low in fat and high in polysaccharides content.
Realizing multi-functional all-optical data processing on nanoscale SiC waveguides
Authors: Syu Shih-Chang , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Wang Huai-Yung , Chi Yu-Chieh , Wu Chih-I , Lin Gong-Ru 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAll-optical logics are realized on nanoscale SiC waveguides with add-drop micro-ring functionality, including the TE/TM polarized data decoding, the dual-port Kerr switching and gating beyond 12 Gbit/s. With employing the C-C bond enriched SiC thin film upon thermal oxide, the nonlinear refractive index of up to 2.44 × 10−12 cm2/W enables the asymmetric waveguide with polarization distinguishable transmission, which provides a polarization-selectivity to discreminate the TE/TM polarized data decoding with an nearly 9-dB extinction ratio. The TE/TM polarized decoding performance is comparable with a state-of-the-art fiberized in-line polarizer. The complementary transmission in the bus waveguide port facilitates the dual-port Kerr switching for data format conversion/inversion in both add/drop channels. Owing to the TE/TM polarization discriminated throughput, the asymmetric add-drop waveguide micro-ring also permits all-optical AND logic gating functions, where the ON-state outputs only if the pump bit is set at ON state and the probe bit with matched polarization. These results reveal the multi-functionality of the nanoscale SiC add-drop micro-ring waveguide for future photonic logics on chip.
Technology Transfer of the Microphysiological Systems: A Case Study of the Human Proximal Tubule Tissue Chip
Authors: Sakolish Courtney , Weber Elijah J. , Kelly Edward J. , Himmelfarb Jonathan , Mouneimne Roula , Grimm Fabian A. , House John S. , Wade Terry , Han Arum , Chiu Weihsueh A. , Rusyn Ivan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe adoption of a new technology into basic research, and industrial and clinical settings requires rigorous testing to build confidence in the reproducibility, reliability, robustness, and relevance of these models. Tissue chips are promising new technology, they have the potential to serve as a valuable tool in biomedical research, as well as pharmaceutical development with regards to testing for efficacy and safety. The principal goals of this study were to validate a previously established proximal tubule tissue chip model in an independent laboratory and to extend its utility to testing of nephrotoxic compounds. Here, we evaluated critical endpoints from the tissue chip developer laboratory, focusing on biological relevance (long-term viability, baseline protein and gene expression, ammoniagenesis, and vitamin D metabolism), and toxicity biomarkers. Tissue chip experiments were conducted in parallel with traditional 2D culture conditions using two different renal proximal tubule epithelial cell sources. The results of these studies were then compared to the findings reported by the tissue chip developers. While the overall transferability of this advanced tissue chip platform was a success, the reproducibility with the original report was greatly dependent on the cell source. This study demonstrates critical importance of developing microphysiological platforms using renewable cell sources.
Site-Specific Labelling of Multidomain Proteins by Amber Codon Suppression
Authors: Heil Christina S. , Rittner Alexander , Goebel Bjarne , Beyer Daniel , Grininger Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe access to information on the dynamic behaviour of large proteins is usually hindered as spectroscopic methods require the site-specific attachment of biophysical probes. A powerful emerging tool to tackle this issue is amber codon suppression. Till date, its application on large and complex multidomain proteins of MDa size has not been reported. Herein, we systematically investigate the feasibility to introduce different non-canonical amino acids into a 540 kDa homodimeric fatty acid synthase type I by genetic code expansion with subsequent fluorescent labelling. Our approach relies on a microplate-based reporter assay of low complexity using a GFP fusion protein to quickly screen for sufficient suppression conditions. Once identified, these findings were successfully utilized to upscale both the expression scale and the protein size to full-length constructs. These fluorescently labelled samples of fatty acid synthase were subjected to initial biophysical experiments, including HPLC analysis, activity assays and fluorescence spectroscopy. Successful introduction of such probes into a molecular machine such as fatty acid synthases may pave the way to understand the conformational variability, which is a primary intrinsic property required for efficient interplay of all catalytic functionalities, and to engineer them.
Contribution of SPI-1 bistability to Salmonella enterica cooperative virulence: insights from single cell analysis
Authors: Sánchez-Romero María Antonia , Casadesús Josep 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSalmonella enterica pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) is a gene cluster that encodes a type III secretion system and effectors involved in epithelial cell invasion. SPI-1 undergoes bistable expression, with concomitant formation of SPI-1ON and SPI-1OFF lineages. This study describes single cell analysis of SP1-1 bistability and epithelial cell invasion, and reports the unsuspected observation that optimal invasion of epithelial cells requires the presence of both SPI-1ON and SPI-1OFF subpopulations. The contribution of SPI-1OFF cells to optimal invasion may rely on their ability to invade epithelial cells if a SPI-1ON subpopulation is present. In fact, Salmonella SPI-1 mutants are also able to invade epithelial cells in the presence of SPI-1ONSalmonellae, a phenomenon described in the 1990’s by Galán and co-workers. Invasion by SPI-1OFF cells does not seem to involve a diffusible factor. A small number of SPI-1ON cells is sufficient to endow the bacterial population with invasion capacity, a feature that may permit host colonization regardless of the bottlenecks encountered by Salmonella populations inside animals.
The DNA Repair Protein OGG1 Protects Against Obesity by Altering Mitochondrial Energetics in White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Komakula Sai Santosh Babu , Tumova Jana , Kumaraswamy Deeptha , Burchat Natalie , Vartanian Vladimir , Ye Hong , Dobrzyn Agnieszka , Lloyd R. Stephen , Sampath Harini 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObesity and related metabolic pathologies represent a significant public health concern. Obesity is associated with increased oxidative stress that damages genomic and mitochondrial DNA. Oxidatively-induced lesions in both DNA pools are repaired via the base-excision repair pathway, initiated by DNA glycosylases such as 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). Global deletion of OGG1 and common OGG1 polymorphisms render mice and humans susceptible to metabolic disease. However, the relative contribution of mitochondrial OGG1 to this metabolic phenotype is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transgenic targeting of OGG1 to mitochondria confers significant protection from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation. These favorable metabolic phenotypes are mediated by an increase in whole body energy expenditure driven by specific metabolic adaptations, including increased mitochondrial respiration in white adipose tissue of OGG1 transgenic (Ogg1Tg) animals. These data demonstrate a critical role for a DNA repair protein in modulating mitochondrial energetics and whole-body energy balance.
A new pharmacokinetic model for 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan based on 3-dimensional dosimetry
Authors: Morschhauser F. , Dekyndt B. , Baillet C. , Barthélémy C. , Malek E. , Fulcrand J. , Bigot P. , Huglo D. , Décaudin B. , Simon N. , Odou P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are key components in several therapies for cancer and inflammatory diseases but current knowledge of their clinical pharmacokinetics and distribution in human tissues remains incomplete. Consequently, optimal dosing and scheduling in clinics are affected. With sequential radiolabeled mAb-based imaging, radiation dosing in tissues/organs can be calculated to provide a better assessment of mAb concentrations in tissues. This is the first pharmacokinetic model of 90Y-Ibritumomab tiuxetan (90Y-IT) in humans to be described, based on three-dimensional (3D) dosimetry using single-photon emission computed-tomography coupled with computed-tomography. 19 patients with follicular lymphoma were treated initially with 90Y-IT in the FIZZ trial. Based on a compartmental approach individualising the vascular compartment within studied organs, this study proposes a reliable pharmacokinetic (PK) five-compartment model replacing the currently used two-compartment model and constitutes a new direction for further research. This model provides exchange constants between the different tissues, Area Under the Curve of 111In-IT in blood (AUC) and Mean Residence Time (MRT) that have not been reported so far for IT. Finally, the elimination process appears to occur in a compartment other than the liver or the spleen and suggests the metabolism of mAbs may take place mainly on the vascular compartment level.
Developmental asynchrony and antagonism of sex determination pathways in a lizard with temperature-induced sex reversal
Authors: Whiteley Sarah L. , Weisbecker Vera , Georges Arthur , Gauthier Arnault Roger Gaston , Whitehead Darryl L. , Holleley Clare E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVertebrate sex differentiation follows a conserved suite of developmental events: the bipotential gonads differentiate and shortly thereafter sex specific traits become dimorphic. However, this may not apply to squamates, a diverse vertebrate lineage comprising of many species with thermosensitive sexual development. Of the three species with data on the relative timing of gonad differentiation and genital dimorphism, the females of two (Niveoscincus ocellatus and Barisia imbricata) exhibit a phase of temporary pseudohermaphroditism or TPH (gonads have differentiated well before genital dimorphism). We report a third example of TPH in Pogona vitticeps, an agamid with temperature-induced male to female sex reversal. These findings suggest that for female squamates, genital and gonad development may not be closely synchronised, so that TPH may be common. We further observed a high frequency of ovotestes, a usually rare gonadal phenotype characterised by a mix of male and female structures, exclusively associated with temperature-induced sex reversal. We propose that ovotestes are evidence of a period of antagonism between male and female sex-determining pathways during sex reversal. Female sexual development in squamates is considerably more complex than has been appreciated, providing numerous avenues for future exploration of the genetic and hormonal cues that govern sexual development.
Analysis of coupling between magnetic dipoles enhanced by metasurfaces for wireless power transfer efficiency improvement
Authors: Younesiraad Hemn , Bemani Mohammad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the possibility of improving efficiency in non-radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) using metasurfaces embedded between two current varying coils and present a complete theoretical analysis of this system. We use a point-dipole approximation to calculate the fields of the coils. Based on this method, we obtain closed-form and analytical expressions which would provide basic insights into the possibility of efficiency improvement with metasurface. In our analysis, we use the equivalent two sided surface impedance model to analyze the metasurface and to show for which equivalent surface impedance the WPT efficiency will be maximized at the design frequency. Then, to validate our theory, we perform a full-wave simulation for analyzing a practical WPT system, including two circular loop antennas at 13.56 MHz. We then design a metasurface composed of single-sided CLSRRs to achieve a magnetic lensing based on the calculated equivalent surface impedance. The analytical results and full-wave simulations indicated non-radiative WPT efficiency improvement due to amplifying the near evanescent field which can be achieved through inserting the proposed metasurface.
Ankyrin Repeat Domain 1 Overexpression is Associated with Common Resistance to Afatinib and Osimertinib in EGFR-mutant Lung Cancer
Authors: Takahashi Akiko , Seike Masahiro , Chiba Mika , Takahashi Satoshi , Nakamichi Shinji , Matsumoto Masaru , Takeuchi Susumu , Minegishi Yuji , Noro Rintaro , Kunugi Shinobu , Kubota Kaoru , Gemma Akihiko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOvercoming acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is critical in combating EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We tried to construct a novel therapeutic strategy to conquer the resistance to second-and third-generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-positive NSCLC patients. We established afatinib- and osimertinib-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Exome sequencing, cDNA array and miRNA microarray were performed using the established cell lines to discover novel therapeutic targets associated with the resistance to second-and third-generation EGFR-TKIs. We found that ANKRD1 which is associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenomenon and anti-apoptosis, was overexpressed in the second-and third-generation EGFR-TKIs-resistant cells at the mRNA and protein expression levels. When ANKRD1 was silenced in the EGFR-TKIs-resistant cell lines, afatinib and osimertinib could induce apoptosis of the cell lines. Imatinib could inhibit ANKRD1 expression, resulting in restoration of the sensitivity to afatinib and osimertinib of EGFR-TKI-resistant cells. In EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients, ANKRD1 was overexpressed in the tumor after the failure of EGFR-TKI therapy, especially after long-duration EGFR-TKI treatments. ANKRD1 overexpression which was associated with EMT features and anti-apoptosis, was commonly involved in resistance to second-and third-generation EGFR-TKIs. ANKRD1 inhibition could be a promising therapeutic strategy in EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients.
Electrochemical Preparation and Post-treatment of Composite Porous Foam NiZn Alloy Electrodes with High Activity for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhang Jingguo , Zhou Youzhi , Zhang Shaoming , Li Shuo , Hu Qiang , Wang Ligen , Wang Limin , Ma Fei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractComposite porous foam NiZn alloy electrodes with nano pore structure were prepared by the combination of eletrodeposition, heat treatment and HCl etching. The morphology of the electrodes was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). And the component of the electrodes was analyzed by Energy Dispersive Spectrum (EDS). The specific surface area and pore size of the electrode were investigated by nitrogen adsorption. The phase constituents were analyzed by X ray diffraction (XRD), and the electrocatalytic characteristics for hydrogen evolution reaction of the electrodes in 30% (mass fraction) KOH solution were investigated by cathode polarization curve. The experimental results showed that the pores were formed on surface of the foam NiZn alloy electrodes after heat treatment at 600 °C, and with the etching by 10% HCl, nano layered structure was formed on the surface of the porous skeleton. Compared with the nickel foam, the surface area of the NiZn foam alloy electrode became larger, and the nano pore structure had good catalytic activity. At current density of 200 mA·dm−2, the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the NiZn foam alloy electrodes were reduced by 222 mV and 276 mV, respectively, through heat treatment of 600 °C and etching in 10% HCl solution, which indicated that the hydrogen evolution overpotential was effectively reduced because of the composite nano porous structure, while the activity of hydrogen evolution of the electrodes was obviously improved.