bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Spinach Leaf Extracts on Quality Characteristics and Phenolic Profile of Sunflower Oil
Authors: Zeb Alam , Ullah Fareed 
Published: November 2018

Spinach extract is added to sunflower oil in different ratios to assess its suitability during thermal stress. The fortified sunflower oils are thermally oxidized along with their control. Fortified sunflower oils are characterized for peroxide (PV), p‐anisidine (AV), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), total phenolic contents, and radical scavenging activity (RSA). Polyphenols in the oil samples are extracted and identified using reversed phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detection system (HPLC‐DAD). Results reveal separation and identification of 14 and 22 polyphenolic compounds in control and fortified oil samples, respectively. The major phenolic compounds are p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (1.99–11.3 μg g−1), p‐coumaric acid (0.22–10.2 μg g−1), isorhamnetin‐3‐(hydroxyferuloyl‐glucoside)‐7‐glucoside (0.14–13.8 μg g−1), apigenin (0.15–13.2 μg g−1), kaempferol‐3‐(p‐coumaroyl‐diglucoside)‐7‐glucoside (3.88–19.8 μg g−1), apigenin‐2‐O‐pentoxide‐8‐hexoside (0.42–39.7 μg g−1), quercetin‐3‐(sinapoyl‐diglucoside)‐7‐glucoside (1.99–11.3 μg g−1), and kaempferol‐3‐(sinapoyl‐diglucoside)‐7‐glucoside (1.73–34.6 μg g−1). Significant variations are observed in the composition of these phenolic compounds during heating. Remarkable beneficial changes are also observed in the characteristics of the oils such as peroxide, anisidine, and TOTOX values during thermal treatment. In conclusion, spinach leaf extracts are protective and beneficial for thermal stability of sunflower oil.Practical Applications: Thermal stability of frying oil is an important topic in food science and technology. The low stability of frying oils can be enhanced with the addition of natural antioxidants. Food industries may use antioxidants from plant leaves extract, especially spinach leaf, extracts to be very beneficial. The phenolic profile, lipid oxidation, and antioxidant activity of sunflower oil fortified with spinach leave extracts are enhanced. These results suggest that spinach leaves extract is beneficial in terms of lipid oxidation parameters and serve as a good source of important phenolic compounds.Spinach extract added to sunflower oil is beneficial during thermal stress. Significant variations are observed in the composition of different phenolic compounds during heating. Spinach extract contributes beneficial changes to the quality characteristics of the oils such as peroxide, anisidine, and TOTOX values.
Pricing and issuance dependencies in structured financial product portfolios
Authors: Pelster Matthias , Schertler Andrea 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe exploit a unique sample of structured financial products (SFPs) to analyze pricing and issuance dependencies among different types of such market‐linked investment vehicles. Our study provides evidence of cross‐pricing between products with complementary payoff profiles. Such dependencies may be explained by issuers’ efforts to generate order flow for products that supplement their current SFP risk exposure. Additionally, we observe issuance patterns in line with the argument that issuers exploit the complementarity payout profiles when bringing SFPs to market. Our study emphasizes cross‐pricing from a perspective not previously considered in the literature.
A journey with common fragile sites: From S phase to telophase
Authors: Debatisse Michelle , Rosselli Filippo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSome regions of the genome, notably common fragile sites (CFSs), are hypersensitive to replication stress and often involved in the generation of gross chromosome rearrangements in cancer cells. CFSs nest within very large genes and display cell‐type‐dependent instability. Fragile or not, large genes tend to replicate late in S‐phase. A number of data now show that transcription perturbs replication completion across the body of large genes, particularly upon replication stress. However, the molecular mechanisms by which transcription elicits such under‐replication and subsequent instability remain unclear. We present here our view of the mechanisms responsible for CFS under‐replication and those allowing the cells to cope with this problem in G2 and mitosis. We notably focus on the major role played by the FANC proteins in the protection of CFSs from S phase up to late mitosis. We finally discuss a possible rationale for the conservation of large genes across vertebrate evolution.
Efficacy and safety of lower extremity nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia at free fibular flap donor sites
Authors: Zhang Xia , Sun Changfu , Bai Xiaofeng , Zhang Qian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the utility of combined femoral and common peroneal nerve blocks in patients undergoing free fibular flap‐based oromandibular reconstruction.MethodsForty patients undergoing reconstructive surgeries with free fibular flaps were randomly divided into nerve block and control groups (NB and C). In group NB, both femoral and common peroneal nerve blocks with 0.33% ropivacaine were used. In group C, sham blocks were performed with saline. The primary outcomes were sufentanyl consumption during the 0‐ to 24‐hour and 24‐to 48‐hour intervals and cumulative consumption during the 48‐hour postoperative period.ResultsSufentanyl consumption for the 0‐to 24‐hour interval and cumulative sufentanyl consumption were significantly lower in group NB than in group C. Moreover, more patients in group NB than in group C were satisfied with the pain management.ConclusionLower extremity nerve blocks reduce sufentanyl use and improve patient satisfaction when used for postoperative analgesia at the free fibular flap donor site.
Rho family GTPases, Rac and Cdc42, control the localization of neonatal dentate granule cells during brain development
Authors: Ito Hidenori , Morishita Rika , Mizuno Makoto , Tabata Hidenori , Nagata Koh‐ichi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe hippocampus is generally considered as a brain center for learning and memory. We have recently established an electroporation‐mediated gene transfer method to investigate the development of neonatal dentate granule cells in vivo. Using this new technique, we introduced knockdown vectors against Rac1 small GTPase into precursors for dentate granule cells at postnatal day 0. After 21 days, Rac1‐deficient cells were frequently mispositioned between the granule cell layer (GCL) and hilus. About 60% of these mislocalized cells expressed a dentate granule cell marker, Prox1. Both the dendritic spine density and the ratio of mature spine were reduced when Rac1 was silenced. Notably, the deficient cells have immature thin processes during migrating in the early neonatal period. Knockdown of another Rac isoform, Rac3, also resulted in mislocalization of neonatally born dentate granule cells. In addition, knockdown of Cdc42, another Rho family protein, also caused mislocalization of the cell, although the effects were moderate compared to Rac1 and 3. Despite the ectopic localization, Rac3‐ or Cdc42‐disrupted mispositioned cells expressed Prox1. These results indicate that Rho signaling pathways differentially regulate the proper localization and differentiation of dentate granule cells.
“It made me feel Brazilian!”: Addressing prejudice through Capoeira classes in a school in Western Australia
Authors: Radicchi Marcelo Rocha , Papertalk Lennelle , Thompson Sandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIssue addressedSocial inclusion is important for mental health, and schools are important settings for creating positive attitudes against prejudice. Capoeira is a Brazilian traditional culture that is a mixture of dance, martial arts and games, and has many educational possibilities. Since it arose from and helped people rise above black oppression, the purpose of the project was introducing the content of capoeira to primary school students with the aim of promoting of mental health and preventing prejudice behaviours using an intercultural perspective in a school where nearly half the students are Aboriginal.MethodsFive capoeira classes were conducted in a primary school located in a regional city in Western Australia, with two Year 5‐6 classes and boys and girls aged 11‐12 years old. Activities were meant to create an environment of dialogue, joy and empathy towards a different culture. Feedback from 31 of 34 students were collected and analysed, dealing with their impressions, positive and negative aspects.ResultsThe results were positive, with aspects of movement, joy, dance and music identified as important experiences. Empathy towards the new culture was written and drawn by many of the students. Joint work with teachers improved engagement and feedback from students.ConclusionCapoeira can be an inspiring vehicle in intercultural education, promoting mental health and empathy for different cultures.So what?Broad intercultural education which embraces positive cultural experiences and stories from elsewhere, delivered in schools can contribute to children's intercultural competence. Longer interventions with follow‐up to measure changes in students’ attitudes are required.
Dynamic Functional Molecular Systems: From Supramolecular Structures to Multi‐Component Machinery and to Molecular Cybernetics
Authors: Schmittel Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis essay highlights the role of single and multiple reversible self‐sorting events for the development of responsive multi‐component structures as well as multi‐state transformations, devices and machinery. Recent examples illustrate how distinct molecular devices are spatiotemporarily interconnected by chemical signaling to act as integrated machinery and highlight the enormous potential of molecular cybernetics.
The presence of fecal test soil protects bacteria during cleaning/disinfection
Authors: Nandy Poulomi , Gonzalez Elizabeth A. , Lucas Anne D. , Hitchins Victoria M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReusable medical devices (RMDs) must be reprocessed between uses to render them safe for each use and each patient. Cleaning used devices removes organic and inorganic soil making them either safe for reuse or ready for disinfection/sterilization depending on the device. Although cleaning is an important step in a RMD's life cycle, it is not always a priority during device design. In addition, when performing cleaning validation, it is recommended that the manufacturer takes into consideration, what the most appropriate or worst case conditions are in terms of type of soil or the presence of bacteria. This study compared the ability of three different cleaning/disinfecting agents (water, alcohol, and bleach) to remove bacteria and fecal test soil from two different polymers: polypropylene and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with two different roughness. There were some differences in the effects of the cleaning/disinfecting agents, the materials, and the roughness depending on the particular circumstances. However, the most consistent effect on the removal of bacteria was the presence of soil, which protected the bacteria from being removed. Conversely, the presence of bacteria played little role in the removal of soil. Although the interactions between material type and roughness, soil type, and bacteria are complicated, they should be taken into account during device design and reprocessing validation to create a device that is easy and safe to use. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1706–1710, 2019.
Patient consultation about a trial of therapeutic plasma exchange for complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Goebel Andreas , Callaghan Therese , Jones Sandra , Bridson John 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a severe post‐traumatic chronic pain condition affecting distal limbs, for which few effective treatments exist. Complex regional pain syndrome is listed in the 2016 American Society for Apheresis guidelines as an indication for plasma exchange treatment, but patient perspectives are lacking.Study design and methodsWe convened a “patient and public consultation exercise.” Supervised by a clinical ethicist, the case for using therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was presented by a researcher and two TPE experts to five patients with severe, long‐standing CRPS and to one relative. Discussions were recorded and transcribed.ResultsParticipants supported the technology's use but expressed concern that the small trauma of repeat cannulations of CRPS unaffected limbs might theoretically cause a spread of the condition, a risk which requires highlighting when taking consent. For a preliminary trial, the participants proposed to include no less than 10, preferably 20 participants. They suggested that the threshold for a decision to conduct a definite trial based on preliminary trial results should be set no higher than 1/5 patients achieving >30% pain reduction in the preliminary trial, with half of these responders achieving >50%. The use of sham‐TPE and a long trial duration (1 year) of a definite, parallel trial was considered acceptable, provided patients would be offered voluntary swap to the other trial arm at the end of the main trial period.ConclusionThese results provide pertinent patient views about TPE treatment which can inform both clinical consultation and consent procedure and the design of future trials.
Characterization of the structure of rabbit anterior cruciate ligament and its stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Chen Biao , Zhang Jianying , Nie Daibang , Zhao Guangyi , Fu Freddie H. , Wang James H.‐C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee joint is prone to injuries with poor healing potential. The healing capacity of a tissue‐like ACL is dependent on its structural components and the properties of the stem cells (SCs). Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the structure of ACL tissue and the properties of the SCs derived from the tissue components.MethodsThe tissue structure of rabbit ACL was determined using a scanning electron microscope, hematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemical staining. The biological properties of SCs derived from the structural components of ACL were studied by colony formation, cell proliferation assay, SC marker expression and collagen exhibition, and multidifferentiation potential.ResultsThe two distinct components of ACL are classified as sheath and core, which possess differential properties in terms of collagen type, organization, and presence of blood vessels. The sheath tissue contains vascular SCs and the core tissue contains ligamentous SCs, respectively. The two types of SCs differ in clonogenicity, proliferation, and multidifferentiation potential.ConclusionThis study shows that ACL consists of sheath and core tissues, which contain sheath and core SCs with distinctive biological properties. These findings highlight the need for use of both sheath and core SCs to promote the repair of the complex structure of injured ACL.
Deletion of Runx2 in condylar chondrocytes disrupts TMJ tissue homeostasis
Authors: Liao Lifan , Zhang Shanxing , Zhou Guang‐Qian , Ye Ling , Huang Jian , Zhao Lan , Chen Di 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRunt‐related transcription factor‐2 (Runx2) is essential for chondrocyte maturation during cartilage development and embryonic mandibular condylar development. The process that chondrocytes, especially a subgroup of hypertrophic chondrocytes (HC), could transform into bone cells in mandibular condyle growth makes chondrocytes crucially important for normal endochondral bone formation. To determine whether Runx2 regulates postnatal condylar cartilage growth and tissue homeostasis, we deleted Runx2 in chondrocytes in postnatal mice and assessed the consequences on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) cartilage growth and remodeling. The cell lineage tracing data provide information demonstrating the role of chondrocytes in subchondral bone remodeling. The histologic and immunohistochemical data showed that Runx2 deficiency caused condylar tissue disorganization, including loss of HC and reduced hypertrophic zone, reduced proliferative chondrocytes, and decreased cartilage matrix production. Expression of Col10a1, Mmp13, Col2a1, Aggrecan, and Ihh was significantly reduced in Runx2 knockout mice. The findings of this study demonstrate that Runx2 is required for chondrocyte proliferation and hypertrophy in TMJ cartilage and postnatal TMJ cartilage growth and homeostasis, and that Runx2 may play an important role in regulation of chondrocyte‐derived subchondral bone remodeling.
Parasympathectomy increases resting secretion of the submandibular gland in minipigs in the long term
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Ming , Huang Yan , Cong Xin , Qu Ling‐Han , Zhang Kuo , Wu Li‐Ling , Zhang Yan , Yu Guang‐Yan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractParasympathectomy leads to retrogressive alteration and dysfunction of the submandibular gland (SMG) within 1 month, but its long‐term effect is unclear. Excessive secretion is observed in half of the patients 4–6 months after SMG transplantation, which completely denervates the gland. Here, we investigated the long‐term effect of parasympathectomy on the secretion of SMGs in minipigs. The results showed that the resting salivary secretion of SMGs decreased by 82.9% of that in control at 2 months after denervation, but increased by 156% at 6 months. Although experiencing an atrophic period, the denervated glands regained their normal morphology by 6 months. The expression of the function‐related proteins, including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) 3, aquaporin 5 (AQP5), tight junction protein claudin‐3, and claudin‐4 was decreased at 2 months after denervation. Meanwhile, the protein expression of stem cell markers, including sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 and octamer‐binding transcription factor 4, and the number of Ki67+ cells were significantly increased. However, at 6 months after denervation, the expression of mAChR3, AQP5, claudin‐1, claudin‐3, and claudin‐4 was significantly raised, and the membrane distribution of these proteins was increased accordingly. The autonomic axonal area of the glands was reduced at 2 months after denervation but returned to the control level at 6 months, suggesting that reinnervation took place in the long term. In summary, parasympathectomy increases resting secretion of the SMGs in the long term with a possible mechanism involving improved transepithelial fluid transport. This finding may provide a new strategy for xerostomia treatment.
Lysyl oxidase‐like 2 is a regulator of angiogenesis through modulation of endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: de Jong Olivier G. , van der Waals Lizet M. , Kools Farah R. W. , Verhaar Marianne C. , van Balkom Bas W. M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLysyl oxidase‐like 2 (LOXL2) belongs to the family of lysyl oxidases, and as such promotes crosslinking of collagens and elastin by oxidative deamination of lysine residues. In endothelial cells (ECs), LOXL2 is involved in crosslinking and scaffolding of collagen IV. Additionally, several reports have shown a role for LOXL2 in other processes, including regulation of gene expression, tumor metastasis, and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we demonstrate an additional role for LOXL2 in the regulation of angiogenesis by modulation of endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT). LOXL2 knockdown in ECs results in decreased migration and sprouting, and concordantly, LOXL2 overexpression leads to an increase in migration and sprouting, independent of its catalytic activity. Furthermore, LOXL2 knockdown resulted in a reduced expression of EndMT markers, and inhibition of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)‐mediated induction of EndMT. Interestingly, unlike in EMT, overexpression of LOXL2 alone is insufficient to induce EndMT. Further investigation revealed that LOXL2 expression regulates protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling, both pathways that have been implicated in the regulation of EMT. Altogether, our studies reveal a role for LOXL2 in angiogenesis through the modulation of EndMT in ECs, independent of its enzymatic crosslinking activity.
Melatonin, a toll‐like receptor inhibitor: Current status and future perspectives
Authors: Tamtaji Omid Reza , Mobini Moein , Reiter Russel J. , Azami Abolfazl , Gholami Mohammad Saeed , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: November 2018

AbstractToll‐like receptors (TLRs) are crucial activators of inflammatory responses, they are considered immune receptors. TLRs are of fundamental importance in the pathophysiology of disorders related to inflammation including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Melatonin is a beneficial agent in the treatment of inflammatory and immune disorders. Melatonin is potent anti‐inflammatory hormone that regulates various molecular pathways. Withal, limited studies have evaluated the inhibitory role of melatonin on TLRs. This review summarizes the current knowledge related to the effects of melatonin on TLRs in some common inflammatory and immunity disorders.
Nitrogen removal by a metal‐resistant bacterium, Pseudomonas putida ZN1, capable of heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification
Authors: Zhang Ni , Chen Hu , Lyu Yongkang , Wang Ying 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacteria capable of heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification have received increasing attention, and can achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes to accelerate nitrogen removal rate. However, heavy metals in industrial wastewater seriously affect the nitrogen removal by these bacteria. Thus, this work focused on the nitrogen removal ability of a metal‐resistant bacterium Pseudomonas putida ZN1.RESULTSZN1 effectively removed ammonium, nitrate and nitrite with maximum removal efficiencies of 97.47%, 86.08% and 71.57%, and it also preferred to utilize ammonium during the simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process. The inhibitory effect of heavy metals on ammonium removal decreased in the order Ni2+ > Cr6+ > Zn2+ > Cu2+, and copB‐I was responsible for the higher copper tolerance of ZN1. The nitrogen removal pathway of ZN1 was proposed to be heterotrophic nitrification combined with aerobic denitrification through the nitrogen source utilization, gas detection, enzyme assay and gene amplification.CONCLUSIONZN1 exhibited excellent heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification capacity, and it effectively removed ammonium from wastewater containing the heavy metals Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr6+ and Ni2+. All results make strain ZN1 a promising candidate for future application in treating actual wastewater. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry