bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symptoms in cervical vertigo
Authors: Thompson‐Harvey Adam , Hain Timothy C. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo use a unique, 41‐question survey to identify patient features distinguishing cervical vertigo from vestibular causes of vertigo and vestibular migraine.MethodsIn this study, a unique, 41‐question survey was administered to 48 patients diagnosed with cervical vertigo (n = 16), migraine (n = 16), and vestibular vertigo (eg, unilateral vestibular paresis, Meniere's disease) (n = 16) to test the hypothesis that a set of distinct symptoms can characterize cervical vertigo. Responses between the three diagnostic groups were compared to identify questions which differentiated patients based on their symptoms.ResultsEight questions were successful in differentiating vestibular vertigo from migraine and cervical vertigo. Symptoms endorsed by subjects with cervical vertigo overlapped substantially with subjects with well‐established vestibular disturbances as well as symptoms of subjects with migraine. Twenty‐seven percent of cervical vertigo subjects reported having true vertigo, 50% having headache, and 94% having neck pain.ConclusionLacking knowledge of neck disturbance, the symptoms we elicited in our questionnaire suggest that cervical vertigo subjects may resemble migraine subjects who also have evidence of neck injury. Whether or not subjects with “cervical vertigo” also overlap with other diagnoses defined by a combination of symptoms and exclusion of objective findings such as chronic subjective dizziness and other variants of psychogenic dizziness remain to be established.Level of EvidenceIV
Determination of the Phosphatidylcholine/Lysophosphatidylcholine Ratio in Intact Serum by Matrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry with Prior Enzymatic Albumin Digestion
Authors: Ditz Timo , Fuchs Beate 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPtdCho) is a well‐known biomarker in body fluids for inflammation and oxidative stress and provides a possible clinical screening marker for certain diseases where inflammation is involved. It was shown in our previous article that the measurement of intact serum using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) provides the phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho)/lysoPtdCho ratios faster than the measurements after organic extraction, while the standard deviations of those “intact” measurements are even smaller. Surprisingly, the PtdCho/lysoPtdCho ratio is about two times higher in the intact serum MALDI‐TOF MS measurement than in the MALDI‐TOF MS analysis of the organic extracts. Albumin binding of lysoPtdCho seems to be a very likely reason for increased PtdCho/lysoPtdCho ratios in the intact serum measurements. In this article, this hypothesis is tested on horse serum as a biological sample. Albumin (equine and bovine) addition to serum shows an increase in the PtdCho/lysoPtdCho ratio detected by MALDI‐TOF MS. Further experiments with a comparable lipid model suspension verify that pepsin and trypsin are able to liberate the bound lipids. Under different conditions, the effects of both enzymes on the lipid model suspension are compared. Finally, an improved MALDI‐TOF MS measurement of the PtdCho/lysoPtdCho ratio in intact serum after a prior pepsin digestion step was established. As is known that lysoPtdCho is cytotoxic and albumin is capable of decreasing this cytotoxicity by binding lysoPtdCho, this study proposes to consider both PtdCho/lysoPtdCho ratios—with and without albumin‐bound lysoPtdCho—that could be superior diagnostic markers for inflammation and oxidative stress.
Variable Hardy–Lorentz spaces
Authors: Jiao Yong , Zuo Yahui , Zhou Dejian , Wu Lian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLet be a measurable function on with . We introduce the variable Hardy–Lorentz space for via the radial grand maximal function. Under the assumption that satisfies the log‐Hölder condition, we establish a version of Fefferman–Stein vector‐valued inequality in variable Lorentz space by interpolation. We also construct atomic decompositions for , and develop a theory of real interpolation and formulate the dual space of the variable Hardy–Lorentz space with and . As a byproduct, we obtain a new John–Nirenberg theorem. Furthermore, we get equivalent characterizations of the variable Hardy–Lorentz space by means of the Lusin area function, the Littlewood–Paley g‐function and the Littlewood–Paley ‐function. Finally, we investigate the boundedness of singular operators on for and .
Design of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors for cancer treatment
Authors: Bariwal Jitender , Kumar Virender , Dong Yuxiang , Mahato Ram I. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHedgehog (Hh) signaling is involved in the initiation and progression of various cancers and is essential for embryonic and postnatal development. This pathway remains in the quiescent state in adult tissues but gets activated upon inflammation and injuries. Inhibition of Hh signaling pathway using natural and synthetic compounds has provided an attractive approach for treating cancer and inflammatory diseases. While the majority of Hh pathway inhibitors target the transmembrane protein Smoothened (SMO), some small molecules that target the signaling cascade downstream of SMO are of particular interest. Substantial efforts are being made to develop new molecules targeting various components of the Hh signaling pathway. Here, we have discussed the discovery of small molecules as Hh inhibitors from the diverse chemical background. Also, some of the recently identified natural products have been included as a separate section. Extensive structure‐activity relationship (SAR) of each chemical class is the focus of this review. Also, clinically advanced molecules are discussed from the last 5 to 7 years. Nanomedicine‐based delivery approaches for Hh pathway inhibitors are also discussed concisely.
A Survey of Multi‐task Learning Methods in Chemoinformatics
Authors: Sosnin Sergey , Vashurina Mariia , Withnall Michael , Karpov Pavel , Fedorov Maxim , Tetko Igor V. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite the increasing volume of available data, the proportion of experimentally measured data remains small compared to the virtual chemical space of possible chemical structures. Therefore, there is a strong interest in simultaneously predicting different ADMET and biological properties of molecules, which are frequently strongly correlated with one another. Such joint data analyses can increase the accuracy of models by exploiting their common representation and identifying common features between individual properties. In this work we review the recent developments in multi‐learning approaches as well as cover the freely available tools and packages that can be used to perform such studies.
Influence of the microstructural properties of biocemented sand on its mechanical behavior
Authors: Dadda Abdelali , Geindreau Christian , Emeriault Fabrice , Esnault Filet Annette , Garandet Aurélie 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThe mechanical efficiency of the biocementation process is directly related to the microstructural properties of the biocemented sand, such as the volume fraction of calcite, its distribution within the pore space, coordination number, contact surface area, and types of contact. In the present work, some of these microscopic properties are computed, from 3D images obtained by X‐ray tomography of biocemented sand. These properties are then used as an input in current analytical models to estimate the elastic properties (Young and shear moduli) and the strength properties (Coulomb cohesion). For the elastic properties, the analytical estimates (contact cement theory model) are compared with classical bounds, self‐consistent estimate and numerical results obtained by direct computation (FEM computation) on the same 3D images. Concerning the cohesion, an analytical model initially developed to estimate the cohesion due to suction in unsaturated soils is modified to evaluate the macroscopic cohesion of biocemented sands. Such analytical model is calibrated on experimental data obtained from triaxial tests performed on the same biocemented sand. In overall, the presented results point out the important role of some microstructural parameters, notably those related to the contact, on such effective parameters.
SBA15–Fluconazole as a Protective Approach Against Mild Steel Corrosion: Synthesis, Characterization, and Computational Studies
Authors: Bustos‐Terrones Victoria , Serratos Iris N. , Vargas Rubicelia , Landeros‐Rivera Bruno C. , Bustos‐Terrones Yaneth A. , Soto Estrada Ana M. , Vicente Escobar Jonathan O. , Romero Romo Mario A. , Uruchurtu Jorge , Menchaca Carmina , Esparza Schulz Juan M. , Domínguez Armando 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA SBA15–Fluconazole composite (SBA15‐Flu) was prepared to formulate a self‐healing coating for mild steel. The composite was obtained by dispersing SBA15 in a methanolic solution containing Fluconazole (Flu). The materials were characterized by using different techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for protective behavior evaluation of the coatings on mild steel substrates in an electrolytic solution prepared from sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate. The EIS results indicate that the inhibitor trapped in the SiO2matrix is released when it comes into contact the aggressive solution, thus protecting the metal. To understand the inhibitor release mechanism, docking studies were used to model the SBA15‐Flu complex, which allowed us to further determine polar and non‐polar contributions to the binding free energy. An analysis of the electron density within the quantum theory of atoms in molecules and the non‐covalent interaction index frameworks were also carried out for the most favorable models of SBA15‐Flu. The results indicate that the liberation rate of the Flu molecules is mainly determined by the formation of strong O−H⋅⋅⋅O, O−H⋅⋅⋅N, and O−H⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonds.
Ketogenic diet treatment in recurrent diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma in children: A safety and feasibility study
Authors: van der Louw Elles J.T.M. , Reddingius Roel E. , Olieman Joanne F. , Neuteboom Rinze F. , Catsman‐Berrevoets Coriene E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe mean overall survival rate of children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is 9–11 months, with current standard treatment with fractionated radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy. So far, novel therapeutic strategies have not yet resulted in significantly better survival. The main source of energy for glioblastoma cells is glucose. Therefore, metabolic alterations induced by the use of the extremely carbohydrate‐restricted ketogenic diet (KD) as adjuvant therapy are subject of interest in cancer research.ProcedureThis study explores the safety and feasibility of the KD in children with recurrent DIPG and no remaining treatment options. Safety was defined as the number of adverse effects. Feasibility was defined as the number of patients who were able to use the KD for three months. Coping of patients and parents was measured with questionnaires.ResultsThree of 14 children referred to our hospital between 2010 and 2015 were included. Two patients completed the study, and one died before the end of the study. Hospitalizations were needed for placing a nasogastric tube (n = 1) and epileptic seizures (n = 1). Adverse effects related to the diet were mild and transient. Parents were highly motivated during the study.ConclusionUse of KD is safe and feasible, but the effect on survival has to be proven in a larger cohort of children who start the KD earlier after diagnosis, preferably as adjuvant therapy to fractionated radiotherapy.
Experiences and health care preferences of women with ovarian cancer during the diagnosis phase
Authors: Jelicic Lebecca , Brooker Joanne , Shand Lyndel , Knight Tess , Ricciardelli Lina , Denham Geoff , Burney Sue 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveAn ovarian cancer diagnosis presents physical and psychological challenges. Usually identified at an advanced stage, the disease involves invasive treatment and has a high mortality rate. The diagnosis phase is generally a time of heightened distress. Accordingly, the aim of this qualitative study was to explore the health care experiences and preferences of women with ovarian cancer during this phase, and identify opportunities to enhance women's experiences and outcomes.MethodsThirty‐four women diagnosed with ovarian cancer were recruited from across Australia (median age = 60.5 years, range = 31‐74 years). Semistructured interviews explored participants' experience of health care services and preferences during the diagnosis phase. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts followed.ResultsFive themes were identified including “navigating uncertainty” which summarized women's general experiences throughout the diagnosis phase and provided a context for concomitant health care preferences. Four other themes highlighted significant areas where health care may be better aligned with women's preferences. These included “responsiveness in health care,” “relational communication,” “person‐centered information,” and “preparation for living beyond cancer treatment.”ConclusionsResponsive and prompt health care services that employ relational communication, provide patient‐centered information, and prepare women for survivorship could improve the health care experiences of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
Treprostinil treatment decreases circulating platelet microvesicles and their procoagulant activity in pediatric pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Bacha Nour C. , Levy Marilyne , Guerin Coralie L. , Le Bonniec Bernard , Harroche Annie , Szezepanski Isabelle , Renard Jean M. , Gaussem Pascale , Israel‐Biet Dominique , Boulanger Chantal M. , Smadja David M. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) results from pulmonary vascular disease and may eventually lead to right heart failure and death. Vasodilator therapy has greatly improved PAH prognosis. Circulating microvesicles are considered as surrogate markers of endothelial and hematopoietic cell activation.AimThus, our purpose was to determine if MVs are upregulated in pediatric PAH such as reported in adult patients, and to analyze the impact of vasodilator therapies on MV count and function.PatientsPopulation study consisted of 26 patients of median age 6.09 years, with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (CHD‐PAH) or idiopathic PAH (iPAH).ResultsCompared to healthy controls, all circulating MV subpopulations were found higher in untreated PAH patients. No significant differences of annexin‐V+ total MV, endothelial, or leukocyte derived‐MV counts were found between untreated patients and those receiving oral vasodilator therapies. Conversely, platelet MVs were significantly lower in the group treated with SC‐treprostinil compared with both untreated PAH and oral therapy groups (P = 0.01), and exhibited a significant decrease of phospholipid procoagulant activity. Control samples treated in vitro with treprostinil at therapeutic concentrations showed as expected a significant decrease of platelet aggregation but also a reduced spontaneous MV generation.ConclusionOur results suggest that treprostinil, besides vasodilation, might exert its beneficial effect through an inhibition of platelet activation, resulting in a decreased number and procoagulant activity of circulating MVs.
A novel, noninvasive assay shows that distal airway oxygen tension is low in cystic fibrosis, but not in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Mendelsohn Lori , Wijers Christiaan , Gupta Ritika , Marozkina Nadzeya , Li Chun , Gaston Benjamin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesOxygen tension affects the biology of aerobic and denitrifying organisms. Using a novel, fast‐response sensor, we developed a noninvasive procedure to measure pO2 in distal human airways. We hypothesized that distal pO2 would be low in cystic fibrosis (CF) airways.Materials and MethodsWe measured the fraction of expired oxygen (FEO2) in real time using a fast laser diode analyzer in healthy subjects and in patients with CF, asthma, and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Subjects slowly exhaled to residual volume (RV), where the nadir of FEO2 (NFO) was recorded. Values were compared to peripheral oxygen saturation (SaO2), expired CO2 at RV, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25‐75. We also measured the effect of supplemental oxygen on FEO2.ResultsSeventy‐four subjects completed the study. Seven additional subjects could not perform the maneuver. Mean (±SD) NFO values for controls (n = 29), CF patients (n = 23), asthma patients (n = 15), and PCD patients (n = 7) were 13.4 ± 1.1%, 12.4 ± 1.2%, 13.3 ± 1.1%, 14.4 ± 0.6%, respectively. NFO in CF was lower than in controls (P = 0.0162), and NFO in PCD was higher than in CF (P = 0.0007). Asthma results were heterogeneous. Oxygen caused a dose‐dependent increase in NFO (P < 0.0005; n = 3; r2 = 0.91). NFO values were positively associated with FEV1 (P = 0.0009), FEV1/FVC (P = 0.0019) and FEF25‐75 (P = 0.0155), but there was no association with SaO2.ConclusionsDistal airway pO2 is lower in CF than in controls. This may reflect absorption of oxygen in partially plugged acinar units, and/or increased epithelial oxygen consumption. Distal airway pO2 can be precisely titrated to treat infections.
Adaptive finite‐time control for bilateral teleoperation systems with jittering time delays
Authors: Wang Ziwei , Chen Zhang , Zhang Yiman , Yu Xingyao , Wang Xiang , Liang Bin 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we present a robust adaptive control algorithm for a class of bilateral teleoperation systems with system uncertainties and jittering time delays. The remarkable feature of jittering delays is that time delays change sharply and randomly. Conventional controllers would fail because jittering time delays introduce serious chattering. To address the jittering issue, a novel jittering‐free scheme is developed by relaxing and extending the frequently used constant upper bound. Moreover, an adaptive law was incorporated with the Chebyshev neural network to deal with the system uncertainties. To obtain finite‐time synchronization performance, a fast terminal sliding mode controller is proposed through the technique of “adding a power integrator.” With the proposed control scheme, the robust finite‐time convergence performance is guaranteed. The settling time can be further calculated with the controller parameters. The simulation and experiment results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Basic formal education quality, information technology, and inclusive human development in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Odhiambo Nicholas M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study assesses the role played by basic formal education on the impact of information technology on inclusive human development in sub‐Saharan African countries during the period 2000–2012. The study aims to answer one critical question: What is the relevance of basic formal education in the effect of mobile phone penetration on inclusive human development in sub‐Saharan Africa when initial levels of inclusive human development are taken into account? The empirical evidence is based on instrumental quantile regressions. The findings of this study show that poor primary education dampens the positive effect of mobile phone penetration on inclusive human development. This finding should be understood from the perspective that the education quality indicator represents a policy syndrome because of the way it is computed, notably, the ratio of pupils to teachers. Hence, an increasing ratio indicates decreasing quality of education. It follows that decreasing quality of education dampens the positive effect of mobile phone on inclusive development. This tendency is consistent throughout the conditional distribution of inclusive sustainable human development. Policy implications are discussed.
7.2: Invited Paper: Quantification and Modulation of Stereopsis in Humans
Authors: Zhou Jiawei , Hess Robert F. 
Published: November 2018

Binocular vision in general and stereopsis in particular are fundamental to human vision and visual actions. It is widely thought that about 5% of the population have a lazy eye and lack stereo vision, so it is often supposed that most of the population (95%) have good stereo abilities. We show that this is not the case; 68% have good to excellent stereo (the haves) and 32% have moderate to poor stereo (the have‐nots). Why so many people lack good 3‐D stereo vision is unclear but it is likely to be neural and reversible.Interocular suppression and stereopsis are two important binocular functions. To date, it still remains unclear about the relationship between them. Here, we use the binocular phase combination paradigm and a comparable paradigm to provide a normative dataset for perceptual eye dominance and stereo acuity in 142 normal‐sighted human adults and analyze their correlation. We show that our eye dominance and stereopsis are not strongly correlated in the normalsighted subjects. These results thus support the idea that the binocular phase combination and stereopsis may be limited by different factors in normal‐sighted adults.At present there is no good way of reliably measuring stereopsis in the clinic other than the standard book tests designed for children. These are convenient but coarsely quantized in disparity with no measure of variance. This makes it difficult to be able to assess the significance of differences from visit to visit contingent on therapy. We report an iPod app that has been developed from laboratory studies of normal stereopsis, to measure stereo in the clinic that is not limited by these factors. The application enables measurements over the wide disparity range and not just at the finest disparities. In addition, it allows changes in stereopsis of the order of 1.9 to be statistically distinguished.Luminance plays a modulating role in the processes of several visual tasks, which in turn provides significant information for the understanding of visual processing. To study the relationship between luminance and stereopsis, we manipulated the mean luminance seen by both eyes or the interocular difference in mean luminance by using ND filters placed in front of both eyes or just one eye respectively. We found that disparity processing was little affected by a binocular change in luminance, but was greatly affected by a luminance mismatch between the two eyes. To investigate its origin we manipulated two factors, the temporal synchrony between the two eyes and the interocular contrast. Both factors are implicated in the loss of stereo performance when the mean luminance is different between the eyes, suggesting an underlying explanation in terms of temporal low‐pass filtering resulting in the combination of a luminance‐dependent temporal delay and a luminance‐dependent change in contrast gain.These results add to our knowledge of stereopsis and have therapeutic potential in re‐establishing stereopsis in patients with binocular disorders.
11.1: Invited Paper: Electrofluidic displays: Fast switching, Colorful, low power
Authors: Henzen Alex 
Published: November 2018

Electrofluidic and electrowetting displays have been demonstrated since 2004 [1]. They have been subject to extensive investigation, and many of the problems associated with the electrowetting phenomenon were solved. However, new challenges are emerging, in need of a solution. Electrofluidic displays could (and should) play an important role in a growing collection of display technologies, and will add significantly to our interaction with our environment, but is important to understand exactly how to implement and apply this technology. Maybe even more important: How not to apply it.This paper aims to provide an overview of historic achievements and elaborate on more recent progress, while making clear the exciting possibilities of the technology. It will provide a good insight in the current state of the art, and offer guidelines on the factors influencing contrast, brightness and speed.