bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical Variation in Morphological Traits of Catharanthus Roseus: A Comparative Study Across Five Distinct Ecological Niches From Southern Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: J JERSHIA HADRIN , Rosy Bojaxa A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been vital in human history for their therapeutic benefits, offering a sustainable and accessible alternative to synthetic drugs. Among these, Catharanthus roseus [L.] G. Don stands out for its pharmacological significance, producing bioactive compounds such as vincristine and vinblastine, which are critical in cancer treatment. This plant's adaptability across diverse ecological zones highlights its resilience and underscores the influence of environmental factors on its morphology and physiology. Morphological variations in plants, particularly those growing across altitudinal and climatic gradients, can reveal insights into their adaptive strategies and evolutionary trends. However, limited research has been conducted on the relationship between environmental gradients and the phenotypic diversity of C. roseus.
This study focuses on the morphological characterization of C. roseus collected from five distinct agro-climatic zones in the Kanyakumari district. By analyzing variations in traits such as leaf dimensions, stem structure, and inflorescence, this research aims to understand how environmental conditions influence morphological expressions. Exploring these variations not only aids in species identification but also enhances our understanding of how environmental and genetic factors interact to shape plant adaptability. Such insights can further inform the conservation and optimized cultivation of medicinal plants, emphasizing their role in traditional medicine and modern pharmacology.
Integrated hybrid life cycle assessment of the Ukrainian water market
Authors: Galychyn Oleksandr , Fath Brian 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

This study applies an integrated hybrid Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework to evaluate the environmental impacts of Ukraine’s potable water supply and wastewater treatment systems. By combining process-based LCA with economic input-output analysis, the study captures upstream and downstream interactions, providing a comprehensive assessment of industrial and resource management processes. Key findings reveal significant contributions of steel slag disposal (80%) to human toxicity and hydropower generation (53%) to water consumption impacts, highlighting inefficiencies in waste management and water resource utilization. Regional disparities are evident, with hydropower reliance in western Ukraine amplifying water consumption burdens and infrastructure inefficiencies in central regions increasing emissions and resource use. Policy recommendations include promoting circular economy practices, modernizing infrastructure, and implementing region-specific interventions. The study underscores the potential of hybrid LCA methodologies for identifying environmental hotspots and guiding sustainable water management strategies in transitioning economies, addressing data gaps, and supporting evidence-based policy development.
Acacia catechu: Comprehensive Review of Traditional Use, Phytochemicals and Pharmacology
Authors: Kasana Rishabh , Sharma Pragya , Jain Smita 
Published: December 2024

Aim and Objectives:
This review aims to discuss the traditional applications, ethnobotanical
significance, phytochemistry, and pharmacological profile of Acacia catechu (A. catechu).
By examining the crude extracts, isolated components, and various fractions of the plant, the review
seeks to identify potential new therapeutic agents.

Material and Methods:
The available published literature on the plant was searched in databases
like Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, ACS, Wiley, Web of Science, Springer Link, and
PubMed for all appropriate information to bring this review in place. In addition, other official
electronic sources like the Encyclopedia Britannica and Northern Regional Center of the Botanical
Survey of India, along with the links theplantlist.org, were also searched. In addition to these
sources, some book chapters and books were also searched for the same.

Results:
A. catechu is a well-documented tree with numerous medicinal uses, widely utilized in
Asia and beyond. The plant exhibits various pharmacological properties, including antibacterial
effects, antidiarrheal activity, analgesic properties, cholesterol-lowering capabilities, ulcer protection,
antidiabetic effects, inhibition of cell growth and anti-inflammatory actions.

Conclusion:
This article goes into great detail about plants, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry,
pharmacology and toxicity studies.
Intersection of Performance, Interpretability, and Fairness in Neural Prototype Tree for Chest X-Ray Pathology Detection: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Chen Hongbo , Alfred Myrtede , Brown Andrew D , Atinga Angela , Cohen Eldan 
Published: December 2024

Background
While deep learning classifiers have shown remarkable results in detecting chest X-ray (CXR) pathologies, their adoption in clinical settings is often hampered by the lack of transparency. To bridge this gap, this study introduces the neural prototype tree (NPT), an interpretable image classifier that combines the diagnostic capability of deep learning models and the interpretability of the decision tree for CXR pathology detection.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the utility of the NPT classifier in 3 dimensions, including performance, interpretability, and fairness, and subsequently examined the complex interaction between these dimensions. We highlight both local and global explanations of the NPT classifier and discuss its potential utility in clinical settings.

Methods
This study used CXRs from the publicly available Chest X-ray 14, CheXpert, and MIMIC-CXR datasets. We trained 6 separate classifiers for each CXR pathology in all datasets, 1 baseline residual neural network (ResNet)–152, and 5 NPT classifiers with varying levels of interpretability. Performance, interpretability, and fairness were measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC), interpretation complexity (IC), and mean true positive rate (TPR) disparity, respectively. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between IC and ROC AUC, as well as between IC and mean TPR disparity.

Results
The performance of the NPT classifier improved as the IC level increased, surpassing that of ResNet-152 at IC level 15 for the Chest X-ray 14 dataset and IC level 31 for the CheXpert and MIMIC-CXR datasets. The NPT classifier at IC level 1 exhibited the highest degree of unfairness, as indicated by the mean TPR disparity. The magnitude of unfairness, as measured by the mean TPR disparity, was more pronounced in groups differentiated by age (chest X-ray 14 0.112, SD 0.015; CheXpert 0.097, SD 0.010; MIMIC 0.093, SD 0.017) compared to sex (chest X-ray 14 0.054 SD 0.012; CheXpert 0.062, SD 0.008; MIMIC 0.066, SD 0.013). A significant positive relationship between interpretability (ie, IC level) and performance (ie, ROC AUC) was observed across all CXR pathologies (P<.001). Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between interpretability and fairness (ie, mean TPR disparity) across age and sex subgroups (P<.001).

Conclusions
By illuminating the intricate relationship between performance, interpretability, and fairness of the NPT classifier, this research offers insightful perspectives that could guide future developments in effective, interpretable, and equitable deep learning classifiers for CXR pathology detection.
Two-Layer Retrieval-Augmented Generation Framework for Low-Resource Medical Question Answering Using Reddit Data: Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Das Sudeshna , Ge Yao , Guo Yuting , Rajwal Swati , Hairston JaMor , Powell Jeanne , Walker Drew , Peddireddy Snigdha , Lakamana Sahithi , Bozkurt Selen , Reyna Matthew , Sameni Reza , Xiao Yunyu , Kim Sangmi , Chandler Rasheeta , Hernandez Natalie , Mowery Danielle , Wightman Rachel , Love Jennifer , Spadaro Anthony , Perrone Jeanmarie , Sarker Abeed 
Published: December 2024

Background
The increasing use of social media to share lived and living experiences of substance use presents a unique opportunity to obtain information on side effects, use patterns, and opinions on novel psychoactive substances. However, due to the large volume of data, obtaining useful insights through natural language processing technologies such as large language models is challenging.

Objective
This paper aims to develop a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture for medical question answering pertaining to clinicians’ queries on emerging issues associated with health-related topics, using user-generated medical information on social media.

Methods
We proposed a two-layer RAG framework for query-focused answer generation and evaluated a proof of concept for the framework in the context of query-focused summary generation from social media forums, focusing on emerging drug-related information. Our modular framework generates individual summaries followed by an aggregated summary to answer medical queries from large amounts of user-generated social media data in an efficient manner. We compared the performance of a quantized large language model (Nous-Hermes-2-7B-DPO), deployable in low-resource settings, with GPT-4. For this proof-of-concept study, we used user-generated data from Reddit to answer clinicians’ questions on the use of xylazine and ketamine.

Results
Our framework achieves comparable median scores in terms of relevance, length, hallucination, coverage, and coherence when evaluated using GPT-4 and Nous-Hermes-2-7B-DPO, evaluated for 20 queries with 76 samples. There was no statistically significant difference between GPT-4 and Nous-Hermes-2-7B-DPO for coverage (Mann-Whitney U=733.0; n1=37; n2=39; P=.89 two-tailed), coherence (U=670.0; n1=37; n2=39; P=.49 two-tailed), relevance (U=662.0; n1=37; n2=39; P=.15 two-tailed), length (U=672.0; n1=37; n2=39; P=.55 two-tailed), and hallucination (U=859.0; n1=37; n2=39; P=.01 two-tailed). A statistically significant difference was noted for the Coleman-Liau Index (U=307.5; n1=20; n2=16; P<.001 two-tailed).

Conclusions
Our RAG framework can effectively answer medical questions about targeted topics and can be deployed in resource-constrained settings.
The Strategic Role of Local Political Parties in the Legislative Process Qanun for Sharia Financial Institutions in Aceh
Authors: Alqarni Wais , Saleh Rahmat , Anggraini Titi , Sulaksono Tunjung , Akhyar M. Nur 
Published: December 2024

According to the 2019 Election data, the Aceh Party secured 18 out of the 81 seats in the Aceh DPR (Legislative Assembly). The Speaker of the DPR is appointed from the Aceh Party, which holds the majority of seats in the legislature as the winners of the election. Furthermore, Commission I is responsible for overseeing matters related to Law, Politics, Government, and Security, is headed by a member of the DPR representing the Aceh Party. The Aceh DPR Legislation Body is led by a member of the Aceh DPR who belongs to the Aceh Party. This study employs a qualitative-normative approach, utilizing role theory for analysis. Data is gathered through in-depth interviews and literature review. The participants interviewed consisted of individuals affiliated with the DPR, the Islamic Sharia Service, and Academics. The material studied encompassed journal papers, books, news media reports, and research relevant to the topic under consideration. The findings suggest that local parties play a significant influence in the enactment of the LKS Qanun. The Aceh Party, a local political organization, emerged victorious in the election and secured the majority of seats in the Aceh parliament. This is evident through the participation of the chairman of the Aceh DPR legislative body who originates from the Local Party. This is an important part of the Political Party's contribution to the development of local democracy in Aceh as well as supporting the implementation of Islamic law in Aceh based on law within the framework of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia.
Rereading the Concept of Joint Property: Fiqh Literacy in the Book of Sabilal Muhtadin and the Genealogy of Sheikh Arsyad's Thoughts
Authors: Tarantang Jefry , Akbar Wahyu , Astiti Ni Nyoman Adi , Rollis Rollis , Ridwan Ahmad Hasan 
Published: December 2024

This research describes fiqh literacy regarding joint property which has become an academic rumor referring to the Book of Sabilal Muhtadin by Sheikh Arsyad, which is a reference for studies on joint property in Indonesia. Because of this, it is necessary to re-read the concept of joint property, which was born from the culture of the Banjar people, namely the property of taboo, which was initiated by Sheikh Arsyad, because the reference is not from the Book of Sabilal Muhtadin.This research uses a type of normative research using historical, hermeneutic, netnographic, conceptual and philosophical approaches. Data was collected by means of literature studies that refer to the book of Sabilal Muhtadin and articles and studies of parties who are concerned about the book in correspondence. The findings of this research indicate that the Islamic legal methodology used by Sheikh Arsyad regarding the concept of joint property is a product of his ijtihad taking into account the local culture of the Banjar community. Although there is a misrepresentation of fiqh literacy regarding joint assets in the Sabilal Muhtadin Book which is used as a literary reference. Sheikh Arsyad's genealogical thoughts regarding joint property, although not contained in Sabilal Muhtadin's Book, have become a local legal doctrine that has been transformed into a global insight using the methods of islah, maslahah mursalah, urf, and adatul muhakkamah.However, this concept will not be degraded, because it has been practiced for a long time and has become a living law that contains beneficial values.
Child Custody Rights for Mothers of Different Religions: Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah Perspective on Islamic Family Law in Indonesia
Authors: Mera Nasaruddin , Marzuki Marzuki , Taufan B. M. , Sapruddin Sapruddin , Cahyani Andi Intan 
Published: December 2024

Marriage is a physical and mental bond between a man and a woman. It is hoped that it will give birth to a harmonious and happy family, including having offspring who will then care for them well. In reality, couples from different religions who later divorce and have children become a problem, because custody becomes a struggle between the father and mother. This research discusses the child custody rights of an apostate mother as happened in the Parigi religious court decision case, Central Sulawesi. This study uses empirical legal methods with a maqāṣid al-sharī'ah approach. The data collection techniques used were interviews and document study. The informants interviewed were judges, academics and ulama. The documents analyzed were religious court decisions, journal articles, legal rules and books related to the discussion. The results of the research show that in deciding cases, the panel of judges set aside the written law which was used as a reference, and the compilation of Islamic law in order to fulfill the principle of benefit from fulfilling legal objectives. There are several reasons for the judge to overrule these two laws: the interests of the child, social aspects, the principle of benefit (mashlahat) for all. In the end, the judge's decision within the framework of maqāṣid al-sharī'ahanalysis has implications for the maintenance of the soul, eyesight, and the maintenance of offspring, as well as the maintenance of religion.
Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) Immunoreactive Structures in the Porcine Extrahepatic Bile Ducts
Authors: Stefanov Ivaylo , Hrischev Petar 
Published: December 2024

Background: In the domestic pig, mast cells, neural and non-neuronal cholinergic systems in the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts need a detailed morphological study to identify the type and localization of their structural components. The aim of the current study was to quantitatively analyze biliary cholinergic ganglia and nerves as well as non-neuronal cholinergic cells.
Materials, Methods & Results: In the present study were used tissue samples from the extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladders of male clinically healthy pigs. A part of the serial histological sections was stained with hematoxylin and eosin to rule out the presence of pathological findings. Another part of the sections was processed immunohistochemically to determine the expression of choline acetyltransferase and tryptase. Two primary antibodies were used: a polyclonal rabbit choline acetyltransferase and a monoclonal mouse antihuman mast cell tryptase. The number and dimensions of cholinergic ganglia, perikaryons and nerves forming ganglionic nerve plexuses in the propria, muscular and subserosal layers were estimated. The immunoexpression of choline acetyltransferase in biliary glandular cells and mast cells was also detected and analyzed.
Discussion: The current study provided original information on the number and dimensions of intramural choline acetyltransferase positive nerves, ganglia, and perikaryons of ganglion neurons, showing that ganglia in porcine gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts are cholinergic. It was revealed that the localization of intramural nerves and ganglia in the porcine gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts was similar to that in man. The expression of choline acetyltransferase found by us for the 1st time in the mast cells of porcine gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts suggests, on the one hand, the possibility of its synthesis and release from these cells, and on the other hand, its involvement in modulating the interaction between mast cell and intramural neurons in the studied organs. Interactions between mast cells and neurons may potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases in gastrointestinal tract.
Keywords: mast cells, ganglia, choline acetyltransferase, tryptase, bile ducts, pigs.
El Genocidio como un dispositivo del olvido, la literatura como un dispositivo de la memoria: la Shoá y la Dictadura en la literatura argentina
Authors: Niemetz Diego Eduardo 
Published: December 2024

En la órbita de la postmemoria, heredar la experiencia de los mayores es un tópico revisitado una y otra vez por los escritores argentinos contemporáneos. Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de cuatro obras de la literatura argentina reciente que recuperan los relatos de los antepasados en forma de memoria familiar, pero que además proponen una reflexión acerca de la transmisibilidad de esas memorias y de la carga que supone. A partir de la superposición de experiencias familiares durante diferentes procesos genocidas, los textos postulan un borramiento de fronteras geográficas y temporales, que repercute en la presentación de los hechos y que, a partir de ese mecanismo, perduran en un presente sin solución de continuidad con el pasado ni con el futuro. Entre la persistencia y la superposición de las memorias genocidas y el trauma entendido como herencia, las producciones analizadas parecen perseguir un fin emancipatorio, de acuerdo a una de las famosas tesis sobre la historia de Walter Benjamin.
BRAZIL AND ARGENTINA NUCLEAR PROGRAMS DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE COLD WAR DYNAMICS
Authors: Cançado Motta André Luiz , Silva Ferreira José Paulo 
Published: December 2024

This article seeks to verify whether the development of the nuclear programs in Brazil and Argentina was influenced by the rise of military regimes in both countries, especially by the context of the Cold War. To this end, this research has a qualitative nature, which takes as its method the bibliographic review of articles, books, theses, and dissertations, to analyse the nuclear programs of both countries and the impacts of the Cold War upon them. It was found that while in the literature on the History of International Relations it is commonly reported that during the Cold War, regions peripheric to the poles of power, such as Latin America, were completely subject to the pressures of the United States and the Soviet Union, it is proposed that at least regarding nuclearization, there were disputes between the main regional powers (Brazil and Argentina) with the United States about policies to be implemented as well as the diversification of partnerships in pursuit of technological transfer. In addition, it was noticed that the mutual distrust between Brazil and Argentina regarding the degree of development and real intentions underscoring their respective nuclear programs brought about a Cold War like dynamics in the Southern Cone.
Pela memória da pós-graduação em Artes Visuais: da Paraíba e Pernambuco ao mundo
Authors: Costa Robson Xavier da , Costa Luciana Ferreira da 
Published: December 2024

Entrevista com o professor Dr. Robson Xavier da Costa, Coordenador do Programa Associado de Pós-Graduação em Artes Visuais da Universidade Federal da Paraíba e da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil, realizada pela professora Dra. Luciana Ferreira da Costa, sobre as origens, as práticas de ensino e investigação do segundo programa de pós-graduação da região Nordeste do Brasil dedicado à área das Artes Visuais, desde o ano de 2010. Através da entrevista são levantados os desafios, as repercussões e as perspectivas nacionais e internacionais deste programa de pós-graduação no seu pensar e fazer, bem como na sua gestão e atividades do seu corpo docente, discente e o acompanhamento de seus egressos.AbstractInterview with the Coordinator of the Federal University of Paraíba of the Associated Graduate Program in Visual Arts at the Federal University of Paraíba and the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil, Professor Robson Xavier da Costa, PhD., conducted by Professor Luciana Ferreira da Costa, PhD., linked to the same program, on the origins, teaching and research practices of the second graduate program in the Northeast region of Brazil dedicated to the area of Visual Arts, in operation since 2010. Through the interview, the challenges are raised national and international perspectives of this graduate program in its thinking and doing, as well as in its management and activities of its faculty, students and the monitoring of its graduates.
Fricções entre a obra Velcro: visibilidade lesbiana nas Artes Visuais
Authors: Bechtold Leila Pessoa 
Published: December 2024

O escopo desta produção abarca o trabalho Velcro (2021), compreendendo seu processo, performance e registro. Buscando ressoar trabalhos lesbianos nas artes visuais, apresenta a narrativa do processo, seguido de reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento da obra. Durante a busca de referências para este processo percebeu-se a importância de um cenário artístico e político com pautas lesbianas.
Abstract
The scope of this production includes the work Velcro (2021), comprising her process, performance and recording. Seeking to resonate lesbian works in the visual arts, the narrative of the process is presented, followed by a reflection on the development of the work. During the search for references for this process, the importance of an artistic and political scenario with lesbian guidelines was perceive.
Marco para lembrar: subversões da monumentalidade na obra de Iris Helena
Authors: Barbosa Arthur 
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar possíveis tensionamentos a respeito dos objetos reconhecidos como monumentos, tendo como ponto de partida e catalisador das reações a obra “Marcadores” da artista paraibana Iris Helena. Na obra, a artista subverte as convenções sobre a grandiosidade dos monumentos e a dimensão da monumentalidade e imprime sobre pequenos marcadores, post its, a imagem dos objetos monumentais. Por meio desta obra, questionamos a dimensão simbólica destes objetos tendo em vista o atual processo de revisão das estruturas monumentais disponíveis no espaço público assim como a estética da monumentalidade.