bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Istrian Malvasia wine aroma and hydroxycinnamate composition by hand and mechanical leaf removal
Authors: Bubola Marijan , Lukić Igor , Radeka Sanja , Sivilotti Paolo , Grozić Kristina , Vanzo Andreja , Bavčar Dejan , Lisjak Klemen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDLeaf removal is a viticultural practice that promotes the biosynthesis of several important grape constituents by improving fruit zone microclimate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hand and mechanical leaf removal, applied at the pea‐size stage of berry development, on fruit zone microclimate, volatile aroma compounds, hydroxycinnamates and sensory characteristics of Istrian Malvasia (Vitis vinifera L.) wines. Three different sunlight exposure conditions were applied: hand leaf removal (HLR), mechanical leaf removal (MLR) and untreated control (UC).RESULTSBoth leaf removal treatments, and especially the more intense HLR, significantly increased the concentration of varietal thiol 3‐sulfanylhexan‐1‐ol, monoterpenes, β‐damascenone and esters. The higher concentration of these aromas contributed to the improvement of wine sensory quality, as expressed by more enhanced floral, fruity and tropical sensory attributes in leaf removal treatments. Hydroxycinnamates were increased only by HLR, a treatment with a greater degree of fruit exposure to sunlight than MLR.CONCLUSIONLeaf removal applied at the pea‐size stage of berry development in a season characterized by abundant rainfall improves both the chemical composition and sensory quality of Istrian Malvasia wine, even when performed by machine, implying that this technique might be successfully applied in large‐scale viticultural production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of α‐, β‐ and maltosyl‐β‐cyclodextrins use on the glucoraphanin–sulforaphane system of broccoli juice
Authors: Martínez‐Hernández Ginés B , Venzke‐Klug Tâmmila , Carrión‐Monteagudo María del Mar , Artés Calero Francisco , López‐Nicolás José M , Artés‐Hernández Francisco 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTCyclodextrins (CDs) are macromolecules with several industrial applications, being particularly used in the food industry as health‐promoting compounds protection agents, as flavour stabilizers, or to eliminate undesired tastes and browning reactions, among others. This study shows the effects of α‐ (10, 30 and 40 mmol L−1), β‐ (3, 6 and 10 mmol L−1) and maltosyl‐β‐CDs (30, 60 and 90 mmol L−1) use on the health‐promoting glucoraphanin–sulforaphane system of a broccoli juice up to 24 h at 22 °C. Maltosyl‐β‐CD (90 mmol L−1) highly retained glucoraphanin content after 24 h at 22 °C, showing better effectiveness than β‐CD (10 mmol L−1). Sulforaphane was efficiently encapsulated with β‐CD at just 3 mmol L−1, and the sulforaphane formed was stable during 3 h at 22 °C. On the other hand, 40 mmol L−1 α‐CD retained a high glucoraphanin content in broccoli juice. In contrast, glucoraphanin levels in juice without CDs decreased by 71% after 24 h. Consequently, CDs addition may potentially preserve glucoraphanin in this broccoli juice during industrial processing with the possibility to be later transformed by endogenous myrosinase after ingestion to the health‐promoting sulforaphane. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Miniaturized capillary ion chromatograph with UV light‐emitting diode based indirect absorbance detection for anion analysis in potable and environmental waters
Authors: Murray Eoin , Li Yan , Currivan Sinead A. , Moore Breda , Morrin Aoife , Diamond Dermot , Macka Mirek , Paull Brett 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA miniaturized, flexible, and low‐cost capillary ion chromatography system has been developed for anion analysis in water. The ion chromatography has an open platform, modular design, and allows for ease of modification. The assembled platform weighs ca. 0.6 kg and is 25 × 25 cm in size. Isocratic separation of common anions (F–, Cl–, NO2–, Br–, and NO3–) could be achieved in under 15 min using sodium benzoate eluent at a flow rate of 3 μL/min, a packed capillary column (0.150 × 150 mm) containing Waters IC‐Pak 10 μm anion exchange resin, and light‐emitting diode based indirect UV detection. Several low UV light‐emitting diodes were assessed in terms of sensitivity, including a new 235 nm light‐emitting diode, however, the highest sensitivity was demonstrated using a 255 nm light‐emitting diode. Linear calibration ranges applicable to typical natural water analysis were obtained. For retention time and peak area repeatability, relative standard deviation values ranged from 0.60–0.95 and 1.95–3.53%, respectively. Several water samples were analysed and accuracy (recovery) was demonstrated through analysis of a prepared mixed anion standard. Relative errors of –0.36, –1.25, –0.80, and –0.76% were obtained for fluoride, chloride, nitrite, and nitrate, respectively.
Second‐order calibration serves as a remedial measure for the simultaneous determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis paniculata and its preparations by HPLC without complete baseline separation
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Li , Gu Hui‐Wen , Wu Qiao , Peng Tian‐Qin , Zhang Shan‐Hui , Liu Yang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this work, high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was applied for the simultaneous determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis paniculata and its preparations. As a result of the incomplete baseline separation caused by complex backgrounds, the classical univariate calibration method failed to determine accurate contents of the analytes. On this occasion, chemometric second‐order calibration based on the well‐known alternating trilinear decomposition algorithm was then explored to serve as a post‐experimental remedial tool to solve this problem. By using the intelligent “mathematical separation” of alternating trilinear decomposition, the peak areas of the analytes do not need to be directly measured and the predictive results become accurate. The contents of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide were determined to be (7.95 ± 0.15) and (1.85 ± 0.02) μg/mL for Andrographis paniculata, (1.34 ± 0.01) and (5.53 ± 0.04) μg/mL for its preparations, which was in agreement with those obtained by a reference liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method. This study showed the superiority of second‐order calibration method over classical univariate calibration method for simultaneous determination of multi‐analytes in complex samples. It also proved that second‐order calibration may be a good choice for remedying incomplete baseline separation problem, with the accompanied reduction of experimental burden and toxic organic solvents as well as analysis time and cost.
Healthcare professionals’ ethical competence: A scoping review
Authors: Koskenvuori Janika , Stolt Minna , Suhonen Riitta , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the extent and nature of the available research literature on healthcare professionals’ ethical competence and to summarize the research findings in this field.DesignA scoping review guided by Arksey and O'Malleys methodological framework was conducted.MethodsSix databases including Pubmed/Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, PsycInfo, Philosophers’ Index, and Scopus were searched systematically. Of 1,476 nonduplicate citations, 17 matched the inclusion criteria.ResultsFindings revealed that healthcare professionals’ ethical competence is a limited but topical research area. The focus areas of the studies were conceptualization, measuring, and realization of the ethical competence. The studies provided varying definitions and constructions for ethical competence and a few instruments to measure ethical competence were identified. Research in this area seems to be in a transition phase from theorization to empirical measurement. Methodologically, the research was rather heterogeneous and mainly focused on nurses.
Fear of graft rejection 1–5 years after lung transplantation—A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Forsberg Anna , Nilsson Madeleine , Jakobsson Sofie , Lennerling Annette , Kisch Annika 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the perceived threat of the risk of graft rejection and its relationship to psychological general well‐being and self‐efficacy 1–5 years after lung transplantation.DesignA nationwide, cross‐sectional cohort study as a part of the Self‐management after thoracic transplantation study.MethodsA total of 117 lung transplant recipients due for their yearly follow‐up one (N = 35), two (N = 28), three (N = 23), four (N = 20) and 5 years (N = 11) after lung transplantation were included. We used three instruments; the Perceived Threat of the Risk of Graft Rejection, the Psychological General Well‐being and Self‐efficacy in chronic illness.ResultsThe lung recipients reported an overall low perceived threat of the risk of graft rejection with no gender differences. Intrusive anxiety explained 24.7% of the variance in the PGWB‐sum (p ≤ 0.001) and makes a statistically significant (β = −497;p ≤ 0.001) unique contribution to the overall psychological general well‐being (95%CI 3.004—1.515).
Fatal correlation between YAP1 expression and glioma aggressiveness: clinical and molecular evidence
Authors: Guichet Pierre‐Olivier , Masliantsev Konstantin , Tachon Gaëlle , Petropoulos Christos , Godet Julie , Larrieu Delphine , Milin Serge , Wager Michel , Karayan‐Tapon Lucie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDuring the last decade, large‐scale genomic analyses have clarified the somatic alterations in gliomas, providing new molecular classification based on IDH1/2 mutations and 1p19q codeletion with more accurate patient prognostication. The Hippo pathway downstream effectors, YAP1 and TAZ, have recently emerged as major determinants of malignancy by inducing proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastasis in solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the expression of YAP1 in 117 clinical samples of glioma described according to the WHO 2016 classification. We showed for the first time that YAP1 was tightly associated with glioma molecular subtypes and patient outcome. We validated our results in an independent cohort from the TCGA database. More interestingly, we found that YAP1 may have prognostic significance for predicting patient survival, especially in low‐grade gliomas. Using patient‐derived glioblastoma stem cell cultures, we demonstrated that YAP1 was activated and that it controlled cell proliferation. Transcriptome analysis revealed lower expression of YAP1 in the proneural GBM subtype. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of YAP1 was sufficient to inhibit the OLIG2 proneural marker, suggesting its involvement in maintenance of the GBM phenotype. Taken together, our results showed that YAP1 could be a relevant prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in glioma. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin and glucose homeostasis in childhood cancer survivors treated with abdominal radiation: A pilot study
Authors: Friedman Danielle Novetsky , Hilden Patrick , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Wolden Suzanne L. , Tonorezos Emily S. , Antal Zoltan , Carlow Dean , Modak Shakeel , Cheung Nai‐Kong , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Sklar Charles A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildhood cancer survivors exposed to abdominal radiation (abdRT) are at increased risk for both insulin‐dependent and non–insulin‐dependent diabetes. We sought to clarify the pathophysiology of diabetes after abdRT by performing dynamic studies of insulin and glucose and testing for type 1 diabetes‐associated autoantibodies.ProcedureCross‐sectional analysis of 2‐year childhood cancer survivors treated with abdRT at age ≤21 years who underwent oral glucose tolerance testing and assessment of diabetes‐related autoantibodies from December 2014 to September 2016. Prevalence of insulin/glucose derangements, indices of insulin sensitivity/secretion (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR], whole‐body insulin sensitivity, insulinogenic index), autoantibody positivity, and treatment/demographic factors associated with adverse metabolic outcomes were assessed.ResultsAmong 40 participants previously exposed to abdRT (57.5% male; median age at cancer diagnosis, 3.3 years [range, 0.5–20.1]; median age at study 14.3 years [range, 8.3–49.8]; none with obesity), 9 (22.5%) had glucose derangements (n = 4 with impaired fasting glucose [≥100 mg/dL]; n = 4 with impaired glucose tolerance [2‐hour glucose 140–199 mg/dL]; n = 1 with previously unrecognized diabetes [2‐hour glucose ≥200 mg/dL]). Three of the four individuals with impaired fasting glucose also had insulin resistance, as measured by HOMA‐IR; an additional four subjects with normal glucose tolerance were insulin resistant. The subject with diabetes had normal HOMA‐IR. No participant had absolute insulinopenia or >1 positive diabetes‐related autoantibody.ConclusionsThis study suggests that radiation‐induced damage to the insulin‐producing β‐cells is an unlikely explanation for the early derangements in glucose metabolism observed after abdRT. Research into alternative pathways leading to diabetes after abdRT is needed.
Compound heterozygous variants in POR gene identified by whole‐exome sequencing in a Chinese pedigree with cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency
Authors: Hao Chanjuan , Guo Jun , Guo Ruolan , Qi Zhan , Li Wei , Ni Xin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImportanceCytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (PORD) is a rare disease exhibiting a variety of clinical manifestations. This condition specifically leads to disordered steroidogenesis, which can affect the development of the reproductive system, skeleton, and other parts of the body. The severe form of PORD is difficult to differentiate with Antley‐Bixler syndrome (ABS). The genetic characters and clinical evaluation of PORD are still unclear in China.ObjectiveTo perform an exome analysis and identify the pathogenic cause in order to assist clinicians to obtain a proper evaluation on the genetic condition.MethodsThe proband underwent detailed physical evaluations. DNA of the proband and his parents was isolated and whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Variants were analyzed and evaluation according to the ACMG guideline.ResultsA 1‐year‐old Chinese boy with midface hypoplasia, choanal stenosis, multiple joint contractures, micropenis and right cryptorchidism was misdiagnosed with Crouzon syndrome. By trio‐whole‐exome sequencing, we identified an unreported compound heterozygous mutation (c.667C>T, p.R223* and c.1370G>A, p.R457H) in POR in the proband. This mutation was inherited from healthy heterozygous parents, supporting the diagnosis of PORD, which was further confirmed by biochemical characteristics.InterpretationWe have identified a pathogenic variant with an unreported compound heterozygous POR mutation, which expands the clinical and genetic spectra of PORD and emphasizes the usefulness of WES for genetic diagnosis.
Serotypes of human enteroviruses causing pediatric viral encephalitis and meningitis in Hebei province, China, from 2013 to 2015
Authors: Chen Xiangpeng , Guo Jiayun , Li Jingjie , Li Qiuping , Ai Junhong , Sun Suzhen , Xie Zhengde 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImportanceViral encephalitis and meningitis are severe infectious diseases responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in children. Enteroviruses are typically the most common causative agents of viral encephalitis and meningitis.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the etiology of viral encephalitis and meningitis among children in Hebei province, China.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid samples from children with viral encephalitis (n=309) and meningitis (n=133) were collected between Nov 2013 and Dec 2015 and viral pathogens were identified by real‐time and multiplex PCR. Amplification and sequencing of partial VP1 genes was used to type enteroviruses.ResultsThe causative pathogen was successfully detected in 176 (57%) patients with viral encephalitis and 82 (61.7%) patients with viral meningitis. The most common causative agents of both viral encephalitis and meningitis were enteroviruses (55.7% and 64.6% of cases, respectively). The most common enterovirus serotypes identified were echovirus 18, echovirus 6 and echovirus 30. Echovirus 18 accounted for 74.4% of all typed enteroviruses and caused a viral encephalitis and meningitis outbreak in Hebei province in 2015. By contrast, the major enterovirus serotypes circulating in 2014 were echovirus 6 and echovirus 30.InterpretationEnteroviruses were the main causative agents of viral encephalitis and meningitis in children in Hebei province from Nov 2013 to Dec 2015. Echovirus 18 became the leading cause of viral encephalitis and meningitis for the first time in Hebei province in 2015.
Critical components for designing and implementing randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nie Xiaolu , Guang Pengya , Peng Xiaoxia 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the first level of evidence to assess the efficacy of novel interventions/therapies. Proper design and implementation of an RCT can result in convincing causal inferences. RCTs often represent the gold standard for clinical trials when appropriately designed, conducted and reported. However, there are limitations in implementation of RCTs, including sufficiency of randomized allocation (especial for allocation concealment), implementing standard intervention, maintaining follow‐up and statement of conflicting interests. Therefore, the basic principles of RCTs are outlined here so that pediatric investigators can further understand what is the best evidence based on RCTs. More importantly, the quality of pediatric RCTs may be improved by following challenges in pediatric clinical trials outlined here.
Preparation of functionalized cellulose nanoparticles and their effect on the crystallization behaviors of poly(l‐lactide) based nanocomposites
Authors: Tan Huang , Wang Hanqing , Tang Yue , Zhang Shuyang , Yang Wei , Liu Zhengying , Yang Mingbo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA rather low crystallization rate has greatly limited the application of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) in many fields. Thus, functionalized cellulose nanoparticles (CPNs) were prepared based on cellulose aerogel through a novel and simple approach and were then applied as biobased nucleating agents to improve the crystallization rate of PLLA. First, isolated individual CPNs with a mean diameter around 37.2 nm and regular circular shape were obtained. Subsequently, PLLA based nanocomposites with various contents of CPNs were prepared by solution blending. As a result, CPNs promoted the crystallization rate of PLLA significantly. Compared with that of neat PLLA, the crystallinity (Xc) of the nanocomposites increased dramatically more than 30 times to 36.65% at a CPN loading of 0.5 wt%, and the half‐crystal time (t1/2) at 130 °C decreased by about 91%. Furthermore, due to the presence of CPNs, which provided a large number of nucleation sites in the PLLA matrix, the chain conformational and crystallization kinetics behavior of the PLLA based nanocomposites during isothermal crystallization were changed in the early stages, and based on this result a proposal for the nucleation process for CPNs in a PLLA matrix is presented. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Ice wedges as archives of winter paleoclimate: A review
Authors: Opel Thomas , Meyer Hanno , Wetterich Sebastian , Laepple Thomas , Dereviagin Alexander , Murton Julian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIce wedges are a characteristic feature of northern permafrost landscapes and grow mainly by snowmelt that refreezes in thermal contraction cracks that open in winter. In high latitudes the stable‐isotope composition of precipitation (δ18O and δD) is sensitive to air temperature. Hence, the integrated climate information of winter precipitation is transferred to individual ice veins and can be preserved over millennia, allowing ice wedges to be used to reconstruct past winter climate. Recent studies indicate a promising potential of ice‐wedge‐based paleoclimate reconstructions for more comprehensive reconstructions of Arctic past climate evolution. We briefly highlight the potential and review the current state of ice‐wedge paleoclimatology. Existing knowledge gaps and challenges are outlined and priorities for future ice‐wedge research are suggested. The major research topics are (1) frost cracking and infilling dynamics, (2) formation and preservation of the stable‐isotope information, (3) ice‐wedge dating, (4) age‐model development and (5) interpretation of stable‐isotope time series. Progress in each of these topics will help to exploit the paleoclimatic potential of ice wedges, particularly in view of their unique cold‐season information, which is not adequately covered by other terrestrial climate archives.
Corpora amylacea in prostatectomy tissue and associations with molecular, histological, and lifestyle factors
Authors: DuPre Natalie C. , Flavin Richard , Sfanos Karen S. , Unger Robert H. , To Samantha , Gazeeva Elizaveta , Fiorentino Michelangelo , De Marzo Angelo M. , Rider Jennifer R. , Mucci Lorelei A. ,   Transdisciplinary Prostate Cancer Partnership(ToPCaP)
Published: July 2018

BackgroundCorpora amylacea are amyloid bodies commonly found adjacent to damaged prostate epithelium. Little is known about their formation or function. The current study sought to characterize corpora amylacea in prostate tissue and to describe their relationship with clinical, histological, molecular, and lifestyle factors, especially with chronic inflammation which is associated with aggressive disease.MethodsWe studied a cohort of 355 men with prostate cancer and tissue specimens from the Health Professionals Follow‐Up Study. Pathologists examined H&E slides and undertook a standardized review for histologic data and inflammation. Trained observers counted corpora amylacea within the benign and predominately tumor areas. Immunohistochemistry biomarkers were available from tissue microarrays. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess associations of chronic inflammation, clinical, histological, molecular, and lifestyle factors with the presence of corpora amylacea.ResultsCorpora amylacea were present in benign tissue area for 298 men (84%). Specimens with moderate‐to‐severe chronic inflammation were more likely to have corpora amylacea in benign regions (OR = 5.4 95%CI 1.9, 15.6). Moreover, corpora amylacea were more common in men with higher body mass index (OR = 1.13 95%CI 1.01, 1.26). In contrast, Gleason grade (OR = 0.4 95%CI 0.2, 0.8), proliferation index (OR = 0.6 95%CI 0.3, 1.2) and the presence of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion (OR = 0.4 95%CI 0.2, 0.8) were inversely associated with corpora amylacea presence. TURP specimens were less likely to have corpora amylacea than prostatectomy specimens (OR = 0.12 95%CI 0.03, 0.47). Age, PSA, stage, biomarkers of angiogenesis and PTEN, and vasectomy were not significantly associated with corpora amylacea.ConclusionCorpora amylacea were common among men with prostate cancer and were associated with pro‐inflammatory factors, some markers of less aggressive disease, and lack of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion.