bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbonyl Sulfide (COS) Donor Induced Protein Persulfidation Protects against Oxidative Stress
Authors: Chauhan Preeti , Gupta Kavya , Ravikumar Govindan , Saini Deepak K. , Chakrapani Harinath 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe emergence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an important signalling molecule in redox biology with therapeutic potential has triggered interest in generating this molecule within cells. One strategy that has been proposed is to use carbonyl sulfide (COS) as a surrogate for hydrogen sulfide. Small molecules that generate COS have been shown to produce hydrogen sulfide in the presence of carbonic anhydrase, a widely prevalent enzyme. However, other studies have indicated that COS may have biological effects which are distinct from H2S. Thus, it would be useful to develop tools to compare (and contrast) effects of COS and H2S. Here we report enzyme‐activated COS donors that are capable of inducing protein persulfidation, which is symptomatic of generation of hydrogen sulfide. The COS donors are also capable of mitigating stress induced by elevated reactive oxygen species. Together, our data suggests that the effects of COS parallel that of hydrogen sulfide, laying the foundation for further development of these donors as possible therapeutic agents.
Optimization of penicillin G acylase immobilized on glutaraldehyde‐modified titanium dioxide
Authors: Chen Zhangjun , Chen Zhenbin , Liu Chunli , Wang Xudong , Zhou Yongshan , Wang Runtian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this work, TiO2, which was modified by glutaraldehyde, was adopted as the carrier; the penicillin G acylase (PGA) was immobilized and the influence of immobilized conditions, such as pH of solution, the concentration of PGA, the immobilization temperature, and the reaction time, on the catalytic performance of the immobilized PGA was investigated and optimized. During this process, potassium penicillin G (PG) was chosen as substrate, and the quantity of 6‐aminopenicillanic acid (6‐APA) produced by PG at the temperature of 25 °C for 3 Min in neutral solution was conscripted as the evaluation foundation, indexes, containing the loading capacity (ELC), the activity (EA), and activity retention rate (EAR), were calculated based on quantities of produced 6‐APA and compared with finding out the suitable conditions. Results showed that when the solution pH, PGA concentration, immobilization temperature, and reaction time were 8.0, 2.5% (v/v), 35 °C, and 24 H, respectively, ELC, EA, and EAR presented optimal values of 9,190 U, 14,969 U/g, and 88.5% relatedly. After that, the stability and reusability of immobilized PGA were studied, and the results documented that the pH resistance, thermal stability, and storage stability of immobilized PGA were significantly improved. This work provided technique support for the practical application of immobilized PGA carrier.
Comorbidities in children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Markovic‐Jovanovic Snezana R. , Milovanovic Jelena D. , Jovanovic Aleksandar N. , Zivkovic Jovan B. , Balovic Aleksandra D. , Nickovic Vanja , Vasic Maja Z. , Ristic Milka Z. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) is registered in 2%–3% of newborns. In most cases, the causes are not identifiable.ObjectiveWe explored the correlation between the intellectual disability and gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, familial diseases, congenital anomalies, and acquired medical disorders, with the aim to estimate the prevalence and severity of comorbidities in the affected children.MethodsOur study included 22 children with ID, and 24 with proper psychomotor development, aged 5–10 who were not considered to have ID.ResultsThe presence of familial disorders and CNS congenital anomalies increased the risk of ID 4.147 and 2.59 times, respectively. The risk for other congenital and noncongenital diseases was higher (7.38 and 1.4 times, respectively) in children with intellectual disability.ConclusionsChildren with intellectual disabilities have higher incidence of congenital diseases, family disorders and a higher frequency of acquired disorders during childhood. Apgar score is a sensitive predictor of morbidity regarding congenital as well as noncongenital medical conditions.
Lebenszykluskostenbetrachtungen für chloridexponierte Bauteile von Brücken‐ und Tunnelbauwerken
Authors: Schießl‐Pecka Angelika , Rausch Anne , Zintel Marc , Linden Christian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn Verkehrsbauwerken mit nur sehr geringem Alter sind in der Vergangenheit vermehrt Schäden aufgetreten. Ursache ist die hohe Chloridbelastung durch Streusalz/Sole aus dem Winterdienst, welche chloridinduzierte Bewehrungskorrosion hervorruft. Die Instandsetzung resultierender Schäden ist nicht zuletzt aufgrund in der Regel erforderlicher Verkehrssicherungsmaßnahmen sehr kostenintensiv. Immer öfter stellt sich die Frage, welche Maßnahmen zu ergreifen sind, um zum einen Kosten zu reduzieren und zum anderen aber eine hohe Dauerhaftigkeit bei gleichzeitiger Robustheit der Maßnahme sicherzustellen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden Lebenszykluskostenbetrachtungen für stark chloridbeaufschlagte Bauteile, wie Brückenkappen, Brückenmittelpfeiler, Tunnelnotgehwege, Tunnelinnenwände durchgeführt. Es wurden verschiedene Stahlgüten (konventionelle vs. nichtrostende Bewehrung) und Oberflächenschutzsysteme (OS‐System vs. Tiefenhydrophobierung) sowie verschiedene Instandsetzungsvarianten (Erneuerung OS‐System vs. Instandsetzung) verglichen. Für eine abschließende Bewertung relevanter Varianten wurden neben den Lebenszykluskosten zusätzlich auch die Themen „Dauerhaftigkeit“ sowie „Baupraktische Gesichtspunkte“ berücksichtigt.
Clinical correlates of mathematical modeling of cortical spreading depression: Single‐cases study
Authors: Kroos Julia M. , de Tommaso Marina , Stramaglia Sebastiano , Vecchio Eleonora , Burdi Nicola , Gerardo‐Giorda Luca 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionConsiderable connections between migraine with aura and cortical spreading depression (CSD), a depolarization wave originating in the visual cortex and traveling toward the frontal lobe, lead to the hypothesis that CSD is underlying migraine aura. The highly individual and complex characteristics of the brain cortex suggest that the geometry might impact the propagation of cortical spreading depression.MethodsIn a single‐case study, we simulated the CSD propagation for five migraine with aura patients, matching their symptoms during a migraine attack to the CSD wavefront propagation. This CSD wavefront was simulated on a patient‐specific triangulated cortical mesh obtained from individual MRI imaging and personalized diffusivity tensors derived locally from diffusion tensor imaging data.ResultsThe CSD wave propagation was simulated on both hemispheres, despite in all but one patient the symptoms were attributable to one hemisphere. The CSD wave diffused with a large wavefront toward somatosensory and prefrontal regions, devoted to pain processing.DiscussionThis case‐control study suggests that the cortical geometry may contribute to the modality of CSD evolution and partly to clinical expression of aura symptoms. The simulated CSD is a large and diffuse phenomenon, possibly capable to activate trigeminal nociceptors and to involve cortical areas devoted to pain processing.
A relational view of climate adaptation in the private sector: How do value chain interactions shape business perceptions of climate risk and adaptive behaviours?
Authors: Canevari‐Luzardo Laura M. , Berkhout Frans , Pelling Mark 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStudies exploring climate change adaptation in the private sector have seldom investigated the effect of business network interactions on climate vulnerability and adaptation outcomes. This paper proposes a novel theoretical framework to explore how business–network dynamics affect risk perceptions and adaptive behaviours in business firms. The framework is empirically grounded in a comparative analysis of business–network dynamics from three agricultural value chains in Jamaica that are vulnerable to climate change impacts. The results illustrate how the exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity of value chain actors are influenced by business interdependencies and interfirm relationships. We find that the level of formality of business exchanges (contractual or noncontractual), the level of resource interdependency, and the ability to diversify access channels to critical resources can influence the propagation of climate‐related risks and influence actors' exposure and sensitivity to those risks. The study also offers evidence of the role played by bonding and bridging relational ties on adaptive capacity. The framework and findings provide a foundation for a new research agenda exploring a relational view of firm adaptation strategy in response to climate risks.
Business strategy and firm efforts on environmental protection: Evidence from China
Authors: Kong Dongmin , Yang Xiandong , Liu Chen , Yang Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough business strategy plays a fundamental role in firm operations, whether and how business strategy affects firms' environmental protection behaviors remain unclear. On the basis of a typical emerging market, we show that firms following prospector strategies take more environmental protection actions than do those following defender strategies. Our findings are robust to endogeneity checks and alternative measures of business strategy. We further find that prospectors engage in more environmental activities than do defenders when the degree of financial constraint or earning management is high. Our results are particularly pronounced in state‐owned enterprises, heavy‐polluting industries, and firms located in regions with strict environmental regulations. Overall, this study provides clear policy implications for regulators concerned with environmental protection.
Integrated transcriptomics reveals master regulators of lung adenocarcinoma and novel repositioning of drug candidates
Authors: De Bastiani Marco Antônio , Klamt Fábio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundLung adenocarcinoma is the major cause of cancer‐related deaths in the world. Given this, the importance of research on its pathophysiology and therapy remains a key health issue. To assist in this endeavor, recent oncology studies are adopting Systems Biology approaches and bioinformatics to analyze and understand omics data, bringing new insights about this disease and its treatment.MethodsWe used reverse engineering of transcriptomic data to reconstruct nontumorous lung reference networks, focusing on transcription factors (TFs) and their inferred target genes, referred as regulatory units or regulons. Afterwards, we used 13 case‐control studies to identify TFs acting as master regulators of the disease and their regulatory units. Furthermore, the inferred activation patterns of regulons were used to evaluate patient survival and search drug candidates for repositioning.ResultsThe regulatory units under the influence of ATOH8, DACH1, EPAS1, ETV5, FOXA2, FOXM1, HOXA4, SMAD6, and UHRF1 transcription factors were consistently associated with the pathological phenotype, suggesting that they may be master regulators of lung adenocarcinoma. We also observed that the inferred activity of FOXA2, FOXM1, and UHRF1 was significantly associated with risk of death in patients. Finally, we obtained deptropine, promazine, valproic acid, azacyclonol, methotrexate, and ChemBridge ID compound 5109870 as potential candidates to revert the molecular profile leading to decreased survival.ConclusionUsing an integrated transcriptomics approach, we identified master regulator candidates involved with the development and prognostic of lung adenocarcinoma, as well as potential drugs for repurposing.
Involvement of repair genes in oral cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Fonseca Alexandre Luiz Affonso , Prosdocimi Fábio , Bianco Bianca , Perez Matheus Moreira , Fonseca Fernando Luiz Affonso , da Costa Aguiar Alves Beatriz 
Published: September 2019

Among the types of cancers that may occur in the oral cavity, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the mouth have a higher incidence and are associated with increased rates of morbidity and mortality. Among steps from the beginning to the progression of the tumour, DNA Repair System is highlighted. The present study aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the expression of the repair genes hMSH2 and hMSH6 in patients with SCC in the mouth and oropharyngeal region. The search was performed in databases such as PubMed, Lilacs, and Scielo and included articles published in English from 1999 until 2015. The search in the above‐mentioned databases initially yielded 15 scientific articles related to the proposed objective. After a detailed analysis of each of them, only 8 were included in the present review, precisely because they met the inclusion criteria determined in the method. All the reviewed works were unanimous in recognizing the veracity and complexity of the Genomic Repair System, also called Mismatch Repair System, confirming the participation of repair gene proteins (such as hMSH2 and hMSH6) in patients with oral cancer and even of lesions that are susceptible to malignization.Significance of the studyWorldwide, there are an estimated 300 thousand new cases of oral cancer per year. Studies have shown a greater risk in individuals who are smokers and alcohol consumers in developing mouth cancer. Many steps are observed from the beginning to the progression of the tumour, highlighted among them is the moment in which genetic, and epigenetic alterations will interfere in the functioning of the DNA Repair System. This work presents a survey of current knowledge about the involvement of repair genes, especially those of the MutSα system, in the development and progression of oral cancer.
Loss of Annexin A5 expression attenuates the lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory response of rat alveolar macrophages
Authors: Zhang Zhizhong , Zhang Yuanbo , Zhou Rongbin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a common respiratory syndrome accompanied with an inflammation response. Annexin A5 (AnxA5) has anti‐thrombotic, anti‐apoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory properties. The current study aims to explore the potential effect of AnxA5 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory response in alveolar macrophages (AMs). Rat AMs (NR8383) were used in this study, and the cell viabilities at 4, 8, and 16 h after LPS administration with gradient concentrations were determined using cell counting kit‐8 assay. Cell apoptosis and expressions of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and protein were determined by flow cytometry, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and western blot, respectively. We found that LPS suppressed the viability of AMs in a dose‐dependent manner, and it elevated the expression of AnxA5 in AMs. Inhibition of AnxA5 improved the cell viability compared with the LPS group and could reduce the apoptosis rate in comparison with LPS treatment. The knockdown of AnxA5 suppressed the expressions of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL‐1β), and IL‐6 at both protein and mRNA levels and regulated the expressions of apoptosis‐related molecules (Bax, Bcl‐2, and caspase‐3). Moreover, the knockdown of AnxA5 improved the expression levels of inhibitory κB (IκB) and nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) but inhibited the expression of nuclear transcription factor κB (NF‐κB), compared with the LPS group. SN50 and ML385 were used to validate this signaling, and the inhibition of AnxA5 suppressed the LPS‐induced inflammation, indicating that AnxA5 may be a potential anti‐inflammatory target. In addition, NF‐κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway may also be involved in the LPS‐induced inflammatory response of rat alveolar macrophages.
Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Determination of Norepinephrine Using Poly Acrylic Acid‐Coated Nanoceria
Authors: Son Seong Eun , Ko Euna , Tran Van‐Khue , Hur Won , Choi Hyun , Lee Han Been , Park Yosep , Seong Gi Hun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe synthesized a poly acrylic acid‐coated nanoceria (PNC) and developed colorimetric and electrochemical methods for determining norepinephrine (NE) using 3,3′‐5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a redox marker. The PNC was the nanozyme, an oxidase mimic with effective catalytic activity. During the reaction, PNC oxidized the TMB (TMBox) in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. The product not only showed visible color change from transparent to blue, but also generated an electrochemical current. NE reduced the TMBox, and the color changed from blue back to colorless. As a result, we were able to determine the NE concentration using both colorimetric and electrochemical methods. The colorimetric determination showed a linearity from 0.2 to 19 μM, with an estimated detection limit of 126 nM. For point‐of‐care applications, NE concentration was also detected on paper‐based devices. NE was detected from 1.0 to 25 μM with the detection limit of 863 nM. For electrochemical detection, gold nanoparticles were deposited on indium tin oxide glass as the working electrode. NE ranged from 0.1 to 300 μM, with an estimated detection limit of 66 nM, which was lower than for the colorimetric methods. Spike recovery values for NE in human plasma samples ranged from 93.4 to 108 %. These results demonstrate that using PNC nanozymes for electrochemical detection is a promising assay to determine NE.
Chemometric study of kosmotropic and chaotropic ion properties related to Hofmeister effects
Authors: Jakubowska Anna , Kozik Tomasz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe ion specificity is ubiquitous in biological and colloidal phenomena. In this study, the Hofmeister effects have been observed in binding of univalent cations with the surfactant dimers. Chemometric analysis has also revealed that the ion specificity observed is mainly related to the effect of ions on the water structure, ie, to their kosmotropic and chaotropic properties. These ion properties, generally characteristic of aqueous solutions, are in accordance with the results of the principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) used for the processing of mass spectrometric data obtained in vacuum, ie, in the medium drastically different then water. Such an application of the chemometric methods has not been presented so far.
Perceived stress is associated with a higher symptom burden in cancer survivors
Authors: Mazor Melissa , Paul Steven M. , Chesney Margaret A. , Chen Lee‐May , Smoot Betty , Topp Kimberly , Conley Yvette P. , Levine Jon D. , Miaskowski Christine 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAlthough multiple co‐occurring symptoms are a significant problem for cancer survivors, to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding the phenotypic characteristics associated with a higher symptom burden. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the occurrence, severity, and distress associated with 32 symptoms and examine the phenotypic and stress characteristics associated with a higher symptom burden.MethodsA total of 623 cancer survivors completed a demographic questionnaire, as well as measures of functional status, comorbidity, and global (Perceived Stress Scale) and cancer‐related (Impact of Event Scale–Revised) stress. The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was used to evaluate symptom burden. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the phenotypic characteristics associated with a higher symptom burden.ResultsThe mean number of symptoms was 9.1 (±5.2). The most common, severe, and distressing symptoms were lack of energy, problems with sexual interest/activity, and hair loss, respectively. Poorer functional status, a higher level of comorbidity, and a history of smoking as well as higher Perceived Stress Scale and Impact of Event Scale–Revised scores were associated with a higher symptom burden. The overall model explained approximately 45.6% of the variance in symptom burden.ConclusionsAlthough cancer survivors report a high number of co‐occurring symptoms of moderate severity and distress, in the current study, no disease or treatment characteristics were found to be associated with a higher symptom burden. Clinicians need to assess for general and disease‐specific stressors and provide referrals for stress management interventions. Future studies need to examine the longitudinal relationships among symptom burden, functional status, and level of comorbidity, as well as the mechanisms that underlie the associations between stress and symptom burden.
Bifunctional Therapy by Zinc‐Cobalt Bimetal‐Organic Framework with Encapsulated Doxorubicin to Overcome Drug‐Resistance
Authors: Wang Licheng , Hou Hanyi , Jiao Xinqi , Shen Tianyin , Liu Yingying , Qiao Yida , Liu Yu , Lu Yuan , Ge Jun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDrug resistance is a major challenge in antineoplastic chemotherapy, which could be possibly solved through multifunctional anti‐cancer therapy. This study constructs a drug delivery system with Zn(II)‐Co(II) bimetal‐organic framework nanoparticles with encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX), a model chemotherapeutic molecule. Beyond conventional therapeutic mechanisms powered by DOX, the newly applied Co(II) to the drug delivery system catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through a Fenton‐like process, leading to necrosis due to oxidative stress beyond threshold. The system displayed DOX‐based and Co(II)‐based dual mechanism anti‐cancer therapy to overcome DOX‐resistance while demonstrating significant cytotoxicity promotion in non‐resistant cell lines, as effects of ROS were further acknowledged by following cell characteristic examinations. This bifunctional DOX‐encapsulated bimetal‐organic framework nanoparticle opens a new strategy to construct multiple anti‐cancer mechanism drug delivery systems with great simplicity.
A Low‐Temperature Broadband NMR Probe for Multinuclear Cross‐Polarization
Authors: Aghelnejad Behdad , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Marhabaie Sina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D‐DNP) probes are usually designed for one or at most two specific nuclei. Investigation of multiple nuclei usually requires manufacturing a number of costly probes. In addition, changing the probe is a time‐consuming process since a system that works at low temperature (usually between 1.2 and 4.2 K) must be warmed up, thus increasing the risks of contamination. Here, an efficient apparatus is described for D‐DNP designed not only for microwave‐enhanced direct observation of a wide range of nuclei S such as 1H, 13C, 2H, 23Na, and 17O, but also for cross‐polarization (CP) from I=1H to such S nuclei. Unlike most conventional designs, the tuning and matching circuits are partly immersed in superfluid helium at temperatures down to 1.2 K. Intense radio‐frequency (RF) fields with amplitudes on the order of 50 kHz or better can be applied simultaneously to both nuclei I and S using RF amplifiers with powers on the order of 90 and 80 W, respectively, without significant losses of liquid helium. The system can operate at temperatures over a wide range between 1.2 and 300 K.