bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening urinalysis demonstrates that haematuria is a frequent finding in persons with haemophilia treated at a paediatric haemophilia treatment centre
Authors: Davis Kyle A. , Stanek Joseph R. , Dunn Amy L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionHaematuria is a recognized complication of haemophilia A and B (HA, HB). Adult persons with haemophilia (PWH) have a higher prevalence of renal disease than the general population. There is limited literature investigating the prevalence of haematuria in paediatric PWH.AimOur paediatric haemophilia treatment centre (HTC) had previously used quality improvement methods to increase the frequency of screening urinalyses at annual comprehensive visits. We retrospectively reviewed the data collected to determine the prevalence of haematuria and explore for associations in those with haematuria.MethodsRetrospective chart review to identify the frequency of haematuria on screening urinalysis in all male PWH ≥2 years old. Haematuria was defined as ≥3 red blood cells (RBCs) per high power field. Univariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate for associations with haematuria.ResultsA total of 93 patients met eligibility criteria. Sixty‐seven with HA (11 mild, 17 moderate, 39 severe) and 26 with HB (three mild, 16 moderate, seven severe). Forty‐two of ninety‐three (45%) patients were identified as having haematuria (median RBCs 7, mean RBCs 332). Of those with haematuria, 76% were identified by screening UA, as opposed to clinical symptoms, and 52% had recurrent haematuria. Older age and HA were associated with an increased likelihood of haematuria.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that the prevalence of haematuria was high in PWH treated at our paediatric HTC. Future investigation is needed to determine the population‐wide prevalence of haematuria in paediatric PWH and its impact on renal function.
The effect of using a mobile application (“WhiteTeeth”) on improving oral hygiene: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Scheerman Janneke F. M. , van Meijel Berno , van Empelen Pepijn , Verrips Gijsbert H. W. , van Loveren Cor , Twisk Jos W. R. , Pakpour Amir H. , van den Braak Matheus C. T. , Kramer Gem J. C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the WhiteTeeth mobile app, a theory‐based mobile health (mHealth) program for promoting oral hygiene in adolescent orthodontic patients.MethodsIn this parallel randomized controlled trial, the data of 132 adolescents were collected during three orthodontic check‐ups: at baseline (T0), at 6‐week follow‐up (T1) and at 12‐week follow‐up (T2). The intervention group was given access to the WhiteTeeth app in addition to usual care (n = 67). The control group received usual care only (n = 65). The oral hygiene outcomes were the presence and the amount of dental plaque (Al‐Anezi and Harradine plaque index), and the total number of sites with gingival bleeding (Bleeding on Marginal Probing Index). Oral health behaviour and its psychosocial factors were measured through a digital questionnaire. We performed linear mixed‐model analyses to determine the intervention effects.ResultsAt 6‐week follow‐up, the intervention led to a significant decrease in gingival bleeding (B = −3.74; 95% CI −6.84 to −0.65) and an increase in the use of fluoride mouth rinse (B = 1.93; 95% CI 0.36 to 3.50). At 12‐week follow‐up, dental plaque accumulation (B = −11.32; 95% CI −20.57 to −2.07) and the number of sites covered with plaque (B = −6.77; 95% CI −11.67 to −1.87) had been reduced significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group.ConclusionsThe results show that adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances can be helped to improve their oral hygiene when usual care is combined with a mobile app that provides oral health education and automatic coaching. Netherlands Trial Registry Identifier: NTR6206: 20 February 2017.
Meta‐analysis of oral cryotherapy in preventing oral mucositis associated with cancer therapy
Authors: Park Seong‐Hi , Lee Hea Shoon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo review scientific evidence related to oral cryotherapy to prevent oral mucositis after cancer therapy.BackgroundOral mucositis is a common complication of cancer therapy. In the most severe form of oral mucositis, patients cannot eat or drink at all and must receive nutrition and fluid replacement through parenteral support. Topical cooling of the oral mucosa may be an option for the prevention of oral mucositis.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data sourcesThe literature search was performed using the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL Complete electronic databases for articles published up to 2017. The reference lists of all retrieved articles were manually reviewed to identify additional relevant studies.ResultsOf 353 publications, 15 randomized controlled trials, involving 919 cancer patients, conducted between 1994 and 2017 were included in the present meta‐analysis. Oral cryotherapy, applied during treatment of solid cancers, led to a statistically lower level (P < .05) of oral mucositis overall, and of the more severe grades (3‐4 and 2‐4).ConclusionsResults of this study provide a scientific basis for oral cryotherapy as a viable nursing intervention that can significantly reduce the occurrence of severe oral mucositis.
To work or not to work: Variables affecting non‐financial employment commitment over time
Authors: SHARABI Moshe , HARPAZ Itzhak 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe most common indicator of non‐financial employment commitment (NFEC) is the “lottery question” – whether a person would continue working if they won a lottery. This cross‐sectional research seeks to identify the demographic variables and the “meaning of work” dimensions that could predict individual NFEC, presenting the main international findings over time, with particular reference to data collected in Israel in 1981, 1994 and 2006. The authors' findings point to a marked decrease in NFEC in the new millennium and a change in its predictors over time. The findings and their implications for work and employment are examined in the light of social and economic changes in Israel.
Flexural strength and flaw distributions of SrFe0.2Co0.4Mo0.4O3−δ ceramic‐supports for SOFCs at operating conditions
Authors: Stanley Patrick , Hussain Abdul Mohammed , Hays Thomas , Robinson Ian , Wachsman Eric D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSolid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have the potential to increase electricity generation efficiency, but traditional SOFCs supported by nickel cermets suffer from reliability challenges due to weaker mechanical strength caused by cracking after redox cycling. To solve this problem, a new ceramic anode material, SrFe0.2Co0.4Mo0.4O3−δ (SFCM) combined with Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 (GDC), was evaluated for conductivity and mechanical strength at SOFC operating conditions and after redox cycling. Fracture toughness of SFCM was determined to be (0.124 ± 0.023) MPa√m at room temperature in air, increasing to (0.286 ± 0.038) MPa√m at 600°C. A mixture of SFCM:GDC showed fracture toughness between the two materials, following SFCM's trend with temperature. The SFCM‐GDC anode supported half‐cell strength increases by 31% from room temperature to 600°C as intrinsic stresses remaining from sintering are relaxed and thermal expansion pushes existing cracks closed. Exposure to reducing gasses decreases strength by 29% compared to ambient, due to oxygen vacancy formation and microstructural flaw changes. It is found that SFCM‐GDC based cells tolerate cycling well because of phase stability but weaken from 34.3 to 22.4 MPa due to uniform growth of critical microstructural flaws.
A social dilemma perspective on recycling
Authors: Lee Ada L. Y. , Prendergast Gerard P. , Yim Frederick H. K. , Choi Lawrence 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent research on social responsibility has largely focused on firms, with only limited research into individual behavior. Recycling is socially responsible behavior which poses a difficult choice for consumers because it benefits society as a whole in the long term but involves a personal cost and does not benefit the individual consumer directly. Previous studies of recycling, however, have only partly explained consumers’ recycling choices. Addressing this gap, this research applied a social dilemma perspective in qualitative and quantitative consumer studies. The findings from the studies demonstrated a positive relationship between a consumer's expectation that others will recycle and his own participation. A social value orientation was found to have a significant moderating effect on this relationship.
Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted water extraction conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from black mulberry leaves (Morus nigra L.)
Authors: Algan Cavuldak Özge , Vural Nilüfer , Akay Mehmet Abdulkadir , Anlı Rahmi Ertan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultiple response optimizations of ultrasound‐assisted water extraction (UAWE) conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Morus nigra L. leaves were investigated. The experimental design and optimization of the UAWE were performed using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with a central composite design (CCD). The optimum conditions of UAWE were determined as extraction time: 15 min, solvent:solid ratio: 85 mL/g and extraction temperature: 55°C. The optimized UAWE was compared with conventional extraction (CE) and it was observed that TPC (21.78 ± 0.50 mg GAE/g dw), TFC (11.70 ± 0.26 mg CAT/g dw), and TAA (66.37 ± 0.66% 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl [DPPH]) in UAWE were higher than CE. The polyphenolic profile of the extracts obtained from both methods was evaluated and most of the 16 phenolic compounds especially chlorogenic acid (3.47 ± 0.06 mg/g dw), kaempferol (1.39 ± 0.02 mg/g dw) and quarcetin hydrate (1.92 ± 0.01 mg/g dw) were found in higher amounts in UAWE extracts.Practical applicationsBlack mulberry leaf extract, which is an important source for antioxidants and especially phenolic compounds, has a potential to become a supplement and functional food. Herbal infusion or tea prepared from black mulberry leaves can be an alternative to mostly consumed tea. The extraction and purification of natural antioxidant substances from plant sources make it possible to use these substances in the food industry. It is therefore important to optimize the extraction conditions of natural antioxidants and identify the substances in the extracts obtained. In this study, UAWE for high extraction yield at low temperature was also preferred to extract high quantities of phenolic compounds, which are heat sensitive. UAWE for phenolic extraction from black mulberry leaves was optimized by RSM. The optimized and improved extraction technique obtained from this study can contribute to the food industry by being used in large‐scale industrial applications.
Independent association of obstructive sleep apnea with Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Hadi Yousaf Bashir , Khan Adnan Aman , Naqvi Syeda Fatima Zehra , Kupec Justin Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and AimCurrent guidelines suggest screening at‐risk groups of patients for Barrett's esophagus (BE), a precursor to esophageal cancer. Although BE and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have common risk factors, including elevated body mass index and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the relationship between these two conditions has not been well established.MethodsRetrospectively, all patients who had undergone a polysomnography and esophagogastroduodenoscopy at West Virginia University Hospital from 2013 to 2018 were identified and divided into groups on the basis of the presence or absence of OSA. Clinical course and procedure reports were reviewed to identify relevant variables.ResultsOne thousand ninety‐one patients met inclusion criteria; 60.9% were female, and mean age of participants was 53.5 years. Univariate analysis revealed that male gender, age, diagnosis of OSA, severity of OSA, and a clinical diagnosis of GERD were associated with BE (P values < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression incorporating age, sex, clinical diagnosis of GERD, smoking history, body mass index, Helicobacter pylori status, and presence of hiatal hernia was utilized. Patients with OSA had an increased risk of BE than had those without OSA (P < 0.001, odds ratio 3.26 [1.72–6.85]). The risk increased with increasing severity of OSA, categorized in apnea–hypopnea index increments of 10.ConclusionObstructive sleep apnea is associated with BE, a relationship that is independent of other known risk factors. Additionally, this risk increases with increasing severity of OSA. Future efforts should determine if patients with severe OSA need to be screened for BE due to its potential for causing esophageal cancer.
Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease and Fall Risk in Older Adults: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Juraschek Stephen P. , Daya Natalie , Appel Lawrence J. , Miller Edgar R. , Matsushita Kunihiro , Michos Erin D. , Windham B. Gwen , Ballantyne Christie M. , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESFalls are frequent and often devastating events among older adults. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with greater fall risk; however, it is unknown if pathways that contribute to CVD, such as subclinical myocardial damage or wall strain, are related to future falls. We hypothesized that elevations in high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), measured in older adults, would be associated with greater fall risk.DESIGNProspective cohort study.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTSAtherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study participants without known coronary heart disease, heart failure, or stroke.MEASUREMENTSWe measured hs‐cTnT or NT‐proBNP in 2011 to 2013. Falls were identified from hospital discharge International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9), codes or Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services claims. We used Poisson models adjusted for age, sex, and race/study center to quantify fall rates across approximate quartiles of hs‐cTnT (less than 8, 8‐10, 11‐16, and 17 or greater ng/L) and NT‐proBNP (less than 75, 75‐124, 125‐274, and 275 or greater pg/mL). We used Cox models to determine the association of cardiac markers with fall risk, adjusted for age, sex, race/center, and multiple fall risk factors.RESULTSAmong 3973 participants (mean age = 76 ± 5 years, 62% women, 22% black), 457 had a subsequent fall during a median follow‐up of 4.5 years. Incidence rates across quartiles of hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP were 17.1, 20.0, 26.2, and 36.4 per 1000 person‐years and 12.8, 22.2, 28.7, and 48.4 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. Comparing highest vs lowest quartiles of either hs‐cTnT or NT‐proBNP demonstrated a greater than two‐fold higher fall risk, with hazard ratios of 2.17 (95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.60‐2.95) and 2.34 (95% CI = 1.73‐3.16), respectively. In a joint model, the relationships of hs‐cTnT and NT‐proBNP with falls were significant and independent.CONCLUSIONSubclinical elevations of cardiac damage and wall strain were each associated with a higher fall risk in older adults. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions that lower hs‐cTnT or NT‐proBNP also lower fall risk. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1795–1802, 2019
The Site of Diversalizing: The Accomplishment of Inclusion in Intergenerational Dance
Authors: Janssens Maddy , Steyaert Chris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, we aim to revisit theorizing on inclusion by turning to practice theory. Challenging the individualist ontological assumption of most diversity and inclusion studies, we follow a practice‐based theory of diversity to understand how an inclusive social order is accomplished. Our empirical case centres on the real‐time practicing of a dance production where diversity was central to its production process as well as final performance. Using a research strategy of connected situationalism, we uncover and document three practices: mixing, inverting and affirming, that are recursively intertwined into a nexus, producing inclusion. We advance the inclusion literature by proposing the notion ‘a site of diversalizing’ that processually captures the accomplishment of multiplicity through practices and their associations in time and space, highlighting the necessity to understand ‘practice’ as the entanglement of bodily, discursive and material components, and approaching context as comprised of mutually constituting relations instead of micro/macro levels.
SosA inhibits cell division in Staphylococcus aureus in response to DNA damage
Authors: Bojer Martin S. , Wacnik Katarzyna , Kjelgaard Peter , Gallay Clement , Bottomley Amy L. , Cohn Marianne T. , Lindahl Gunnar , Frees Dorte , Veening Jan‐Willem , Foster Simon J. , Ingmer Hanne 
Published: July 2019

SummaryInhibition of cell division is critical for viability under DNA‐damaging conditions. DNA damage induces the SOS response that in bacteria inhibits cell division while repairs are being made. In coccoids, such as the human pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, this process remains poorly studied. Here, we identify SosA as the staphylococcal SOS‐induced cell division inhibitor. Overproduction of SosA inhibits cell division, while sosA inactivation sensitizes cells to genotoxic stress. SosA is a small, predicted membrane protein with an extracellular C‐terminal domain in which point mutation of residues that are conserved in staphylococci and major truncations abolished the inhibitory activity. In contrast, a minor truncation led to SosA accumulation and a strong cell division inhibitory activity, phenotypically similar to expression of wild‐type SosA in a CtpA membrane protease mutant. This suggests that the extracellular C‐terminus of SosA is required both for cell division inhibition and for turnover of the protein. Microscopy analysis revealed that SosA halts cell division and synchronizes the cell population at a point where division proteins such as FtsZ and EzrA are localized at midcell, and the septum formation is initiated but unable to progress to closure. Thus, our findings show that SosA is central in cell division regulation in staphylococci.
Variation in sexual dimorphism in a wind‐pollinated plant: the influence of geographical context and life‐cycle dynamics
Authors: Puixeu Gemma , Pickup Melinda , Field David L. , Barrett Spencer C. H. 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Understanding the mechanisms causing phenotypic differences between females and males has long fascinated evolutionary biologists. An extensive literature exists on animal sexual dimorphism but less information is known about sex differences in plants, particularly the extent of geographical variation in sexual dimorphism and its life‐cycle dynamics.

Here, we investigated patterns of genetically based sexual dimorphism in vegetative and reproductive traits of a wind‐pollinated dioecious plant, Rumex hastatulus, across three life‐cycle stages using open‐pollinated families from 30 populations spanning the geographic range and chromosomal variation (XY and XY1Y2) of the species.

The direction and degree of sexual dimorphism was highly variable among populations and life‐cycle stages. Sex‐specific differences in reproductive function explained a significant amount of temporal change in sexual dimorphism. For several traits, geographical variation in sexual dimorphism was associated with bioclimatic parameters, likely due to the differential responses of the sexes to climate. We found no systematic differences in sexual dimorphism between chromosome races.

Sex‐specific trait differences in dioecious plants largely result from a balance between sexual and natural selection on resource allocation. Our results indicate that abiotic factors associated with geographical context also play a role in modifying sexual dimorphism during the plant life‐cycle.
Plant facilitation through mycorrhizal symbiosis is stronger between distantly related plant species
Authors: Montesinos‐Navarro Alicia , Valiente‐Banuet Alfonso , Verdú Miguel 
Published: July 2019

Summary

The tendency of closely related plant species to share natural enemies has been suggested to limit their co‐occurrence and performance, but we lack a deep understanding on how mutualistic interactions such as the mycorrhizal symbiosis affect plant–plant interactions depending on the phylogenetic relatedness of the interacting plants. We hypothesise that the effect of the mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant−plant facilitative interactions depends on the phylogenetic distance between the nurse and facilitated plants.

A recently published meta‐analysis compiled the strength of plant facilitative interactions in the presence or absence (or reduced abundance) of mycorrhizal fungi. We use phylogenetically informed Bayesian linear models to test whether the effect size is influenced by the phylogenetic distance between the plant species involved in each plant facilitative interaction.

Conspecific facilitative interactions are more strongly enhanced by mycorrhizal fungi than interactions between closely related species. In heterospecific interactions, the effect of the mycorrhizal symbiosis on plant facilitation increases with the phylogenetic distance between the nurse and facilitated plant species.

Our result showing that the effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis on the facilitation interactions between plants depends on their phylogenetic relatedness provides new mechanisms to understand how facilitation is assembling ecological communities.
Plant population dynamics on oceanic islands during the Late Quaternary climate changes: genetic evidence from a tree species (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island
Authors: Garot Edith , Joët Thierry , Combes Marie‐Christine , Severac Dany , Lashermes Philippe 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Past climatic fluctuations have played a major role in shaping the current plant biodiversity. Although harbouring an exceptional biota, oceanic islands have received little attention in studies on species demographic history and past vegetation patterns.

We investigated the impact of past climatic changes on the effective population size of a tree (Coffea mauritiana) that is endemic to Reunion Island, located in the south‐western Indian Ocean (SWIO). Demographic changes were inferred using summary statistics calculated from genomic data. Using ecological niche modelling and the current distribution of genetic diversity, the paleodistribution of the species was also assessed.

A reduction in the effective population size of C. mauritiana during the last glaciation maximum was inferred. The distribution of the species was reduced on the western side of the island, due to low rainfall. It appeared that a major reduction in rainfall and a slight temperature decrease prevailed in the SWIO.

Our findings indicated that analyses on the current patterns of intraspecific genetic variations can efficiently contribute to past climatic changes characterisation in remote islands. Identifying area with higher resilience in oceanic islands could provide guidance in forest management and conservation faced to the global climate change.