bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acting for Reasons
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This is a book about why we do what we do. It’s also about how we arrive at an understanding of other people’s actions. A traditional view in philosophy—‘common-sense psychology’ (CP)—holds that representational mental states (paradigmatically, beliefs and desires) lie at the heart of intentional action and social cognition. According to this view, intentional actions are responses to mental states which capture a person’s reasons for action: I open the cookie jar because I’d like a cookie and believe there is one in there. As a corollary, understanding someone else’s action is often held to depend on attributing them plausible mental states and reasoning: I think you opened the cookie jar because you wanted a cookie and believed there was one in there. However, this approach has been thrown into doubt by experimental findings which apparently show that CP’s appeal to reasons and reasoning is overly demanding and overly intellectualizing, painting an idealized picture of decision-making which is rarely borne out by the evidence. If we get out of our armchairs and examine how people actually make decisions, the claim is, what we find is that people don’t do what they do, typically, based on the reasons they have, nor do people understand one another’s actions via attributing them beliefs and desires and rational processing involving those kinds of states. In short, what we find is that CP is wrong. This book is an attempt to reject that line of argument and to defend the common-sense perspective.
Do We Do What We Do for the Reasons We Have?
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The difference between intentional and non-intentional behaviour is often explained by the role of reasons and reasoning in the former, and their absence in the latter. This seems to capture an ordinary, folk perspective, where what people do is usually a rational response to the reasons they have to act and, following on from this, that a good way to understand what someone else is doing (or what they will do) involves thinking about what reasons they have to act. I label this position ‘common-sense psychology’ (CP). This chapter explores the nature and status of CP, aiming to get clearer on exactly what the view claims (2–4) and on why anyone might think that it provides the right model of human behaviour in the first place (1).
Mid-ground Accounts of Action Understanding
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Behaviour-reading accounts of action understanding are thoroughly deflationary but worries with the approach have led some theorists to advocate more moderately deflationary alternatives. These come in two varieties: inner state views (where action understanding requires more than behaviour-reading but less than mentalizing) and minimal mentalizing accounts (where action understanding requires genuine mentalizing but not propositional attitude ascription). According to inner state views, subjects need to appreciate the goal of an action and the ways in which internal states can match or fail to match the environment, but these states need not be mental states. Advocates of minimal mentalizing, on the other hand, maintain that action understanding requires attribution of mental states, but the states involved are less demanding than those required by common-sense psychology (CP). This chapter sets out the varieties of approach in each camp and explores how substantive the differences between the two kinds of approach are.
Empire of Poverty
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This book examines how changing concepts of poverty in the long sixteenth century helped shape the deep structures of states and empires and the contours of imperial inequalities. While poverty is often understood to have become a political subject with the birth of political economy in the eighteenth century, this book points to the longer history of poverty as a political subject and a more complicated relationship between moral and political economies. It focuses upon the critical transformations taking place in the long sixteenth century, with the emergence of the world’s first global empire and the development of colonial capitalism. The book explores how the ‘moral-political economy of poverty’—defined as a new and changing conceptualisation of and approach to poverty across laws, institutions, and acts of resistance—played a critical role in the development and governance of the Spanish Empire. In so doing it offers insights into the negotiated nature of sovereignty, the construction of inequalities, and strategies of resistance. The book explains how the combined processes of the transition to global capitalism and imperialism in the long sixteenth century wrought a moral crisis which led to the transformation of poverty and reconceptualisation of the poor and how the newly emerging beliefs, laws, and institutions of poverty helped structure the inequalities of the new global order.
Introduction
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The introduction sets out the analytic frameworks, rational, and structure of the book. It explains why the term ‘moral-political economy’ is used to highlight the blurred boundaries between the moral, political, and economic realms. It problematises conventional understandings of poverty as a predominantly economic concept, and draws attention to the ways in which economic concepts continued to be influenced by moral-political beliefs. It provides a general introduction to the moral, political, economic, and religious transformations taking place in the long sixteenth century, as the Spanish Empire emerged as the world’s first global empire. The introduction explains how, taking a global intellectual history approach, the book offers a rethinking of the genealogies of states, empires, and political economic thought.
New World Wealth and Old World Poverty
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Spanish Empire has often been imagined as an empire dripping in silver and gold. From Hernán Cortés plundering the riches of the Aztec Empire from Moctezuma, Francisco Pizarro looting the Inca Empire, the hunt for El Dorado, which led Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada to the Muisca people of Lake Guativita in the Colombian Andes, the discovery of the silver mines of Potosí and Zacatecas, to the Manila Galleon treasure fleets and the pirates they attracted, all these histories have generated legends that have permeated the popular imagination. The Spanish Empire has also been represented as a quintessential paradox of wealth and poverty. The anxiety that Spain was corrupted and impoverished by New World wealth was articulated by critics within Spain, known as the arbitristas, in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the early twentieth century, the North American economic historian Earl J. Hamilton presented new data in support of the classic arbitrista narrative that the influx of New World silver caused fiscal crisis in Spain, and supported the narrative of the seventeenth-century ‘decline’ of Spain. The seemingly paradoxical relationship between imperial wealth and poverty in the Spanish Empire has attracted debate for centuries. This chapter charts the debates about the presumed wealth and poverty of Spain in the history of economic thought, and the way in which the legacies of moral debates that began in the long sixteenth century have continued to shape theories of political economy.
The Moral-Political Economy of Poverty and Theories of Global Sovereignty
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Charles V came to power in the Iberian Peninsula amid a constitutional crisis. The comunero revolt was an early lesson in the negotiated nature of sovereignty, and that the moral-political economic obligations to provide justice and welfare were more than rhetorical. At the same time that the boundaries of sovereign authority were being questioned in Europe, the Spanish Crown was expanding its claims to sovereignty around the world. In the face of different challenges, the Crown and its advisers sought to develop new theories of global sovereignty to help build the moral-political and legal foundations for the newly emerging global imperial state. The chapter also looks at theories of global sovereignty in practice, highlighting the different claims to autonomy and other resources and pointing towards a more pixelated and negotiated notion of sovereignty.
Conclusion
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The conclusion reflects upon the key findings of the book, the ways in which moral-political concepts of poverty have been building blocks of states, empires, and their inequalities. It considers the way in which the book frustrates conventional chronologies in the history of political economic thought, especially the notion that a traditional moral economy was replaced by a more rational political economy, and instead points to the ways in which the economic realm continues to be influenced by moral and political beliefs. It highlights the ways in which moral concepts of poverty continue to shape national and international policies and the structures of inequality today, but reminds us that other ways of imagining wealth and poverty are possible.
Watched men and phallus-wielding women: Aubrey Beardsley’s reception of Juvenal’s Sixth Satire
Authors: Singeisen Emily Waller 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In 1896, Aubrey Beardsley, the controversial poster child for the Decadent movement in Britain, set to work on a collection of drawings inspired by Juvenal’s Sixth Satire. The resultant works — which depict Bathyllus dancing, Messalina returning unsatisfied from the baths, an ‘impatient adulterer’ spying on his mistress, and a final image (not found in the ancient text) of Juvenal whipping a woman — are composed in Beardsley’s iconic style of stark black lines against a white page, simple yet grotesquely erotic. In both the passages that Beardsley selected to represent and his subversive and gender-bending representations, Beardsley exploits the text’s latent homoeroticism, skewers the speaker’s acerbic misogyny, and inverts late antique — and, by extension, Victorian — sexual power structures. While men are depicted as the (knowing or unknowing) subjects of the gaze, women are represented as defiant, returning and refusing the subjection of patriarchal power structures. This paper explores the ways in which Beardsley’s illustrations represent his ‘uncooperative reading’ of the text, wherein Juvenal’s monstrous, dominant women are cast as the heroines of his decadent, grotesque fantasy.
Rain-harvesting behavior in free-ranging prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis)
Authors: McIntyre Madison G , van Mierlo Marja , Parker M Rockwell , Goetz Scott M , Taylor Emily N , Boback Scott M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Organisms inhabiting arid environments face challenges to obtain dietary water. To prevent desiccation, some organisms possess unique adaptations to harvest water from infrequent and unpredictable rainfall, including several squamates (snakes and lizards). While most squamates consume precipitation as it pools in the environment, a small number engage in behaviors to enhance water collection by capturing precipitation from their own skin, referred to as rain-harvesting behavior (RHB). Details of this behavior remain unclear, particularly the sequence of behaviors associated with RHB. We developed a method to simulate rainfall to observe RHB in prairie rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis) in situ and recorded 72 events in 94 snakes, the most robust sampling of RHB to date. Using video analysis, we describe the postures and kinematics of RHB and develop the first illustrated ethogram of this behavior for any vertebrate. Our results demonstrate that RHB contains fixed and variable patterns useful in cross-species comparisons and in exploring proximate causes of the behavior. In addition, we describe novel features of RHB including suspended head drinking, body levering, and drinking from neighboring snakes. Our results reveal RHB to be an intricate suite of movements and actions, some of which allude to acute sensory abilities of these animals that warrant further study. Furthermore, observations of RHB at dens and rookeries suggest a potential, novel benefit of snake aggregation is the formation of large, communal surfaces for rain harvesting. We suggest that the extremely elongated body plan of snakes may be well-suited for a rapidly deployed, modular rain-harvesting system effective at capitalizing on fleeting rainstorms characteristic of arid ecosystems of the world.
Across the Sea to Ireland: Return Atlantic Migration before the First World War
Authors: Fernihough Alan , Ó Gráda Cormac 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Are return migrants “losers” who fail to adapt to the challenges of the host economy, thereby exacerbating the brain drain linked to emigration? Or are they “winners” whose return enhances the human and physical capital of the home country? This article analyzes databases constructed from the 1911 Irish population and 1910 US censuses to address these issues for returnees to Ireland from North America more than a century ago. The evidence suggests that returnees had the edge over Ireland’s population, but not those who stayed on in the US in terms of human capital, as proxied by occupation and literacy; returning couples also had fewer children than the stay-at-homes, and their children spent longer at school. It also shows that returnees were less likely to return to the poorer regions of Ireland.
Natural Diversity of Heat-Induced Transcription of Retrotransposons in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Xu Wenbo , Thieme Michael , Roulin Anne C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are major components of plant genomes, profoundly impacting the fitness of their hosts. However, technical bottlenecks have long hindered our mechanistic understanding of TEs. Using RNA-Seq and long-read sequencing with Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ (ONT) direct cDNA sequencing, we analyzed the heat-induced transcription of TEs in three natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana (Cvi-0, Col-0, and Ler-1). In addition to the well-studied ONSEN retrotransposon family, we confirmed Copia-35 as a second heat-responsive retrotransposon family with particularly high activity in the relict accession Cvi-0. Our analysis revealed distinct expression patterns of individual TE copies and suggest different mechanisms regulating the GAG protein production in the ONSEN versus Copia-35 families. In addition, analogously to ONSEN, Copia-35 activation led to the upregulation of flanking genes such as APUM9 and potentially to the quantitative modulation of flowering time. ONT data allowed us to test the extent to which read-through formation is important in the regulation of adjacent genes. Unexpectedly, our results indicate that for both families, the upregulation of flanking genes is not predominantly directly initiated by transcription from their 3′ long terminal repeats. These findings highlight the intraspecific expressional diversity linked to retrotransposon activation under stress.
The Intersecting Effects of Lifetime Experiences of Homelessness and Incarceration on Cognitive Aging and Dementia Risk Factors in the United States
Authors: Hanes Douglas William , Clouston Sean A P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) remain a pressing concern in the US, which also has one of the highest incarceration rates worldwide. Existing research has analyzed dementia risk and care among currently incarcerated and homeless populations; this paper fills a gap by examining later-life cognitive disparities facing formerly incarcerated and/or homeless individuals.

Research Design and Methods
Using Health and Retirement Study data (HRS; 1998–2018), we tested whether formerly homeless and/or incarcerated people had earlier onset of cognitive decline, and whether they were more likely to have modifiable risk factors for ADRD than those without such experiences. We estimated prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and self-reported ADRD diagnosis. We also used repeated observations of cognitive functioning coupled with nested nonlinear regression to examine the onset of accelerated cognitive decline.

Results
Adjusting for demographic variables, formerly homeless and/or incarcerated participants have increased odds of having risk factors for dementia, including smoking, drinking alcohol, depression, mental illness, and discrimination from healthcare providers and police. Diagnosis of MCI and ADRD were more common among participants reporting a history of incarceration or homelessness. Nested nonlinear regression revealed that previous experiences of incarceration or homelessness—alone or together—are associated with earlier onset of accelerated cognitive decline compared to those who experienced neither.

Discussion and Implications
This study suggests that, even if they occur earlier in life, homelessness and incarceration experiences may increase risk of poorer cognitive health in late life. Future work is warranted to understand the lifelong consequences linked to this adversity.
Survey of farmers’ knowledge of yam pests and diseases and management practices in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Gogile Ashebir , Kebede Misrak , Wada Eyasu , Kidanemariam Dawit , Abraham Adane 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Yam is a widely consumed food in the tropics and subtropics. Determination of pests (pathogens and insects) and diseases (developed pest invasions and symptoms) and the appropriate management practices are critical in existing crop production systems. This study aimed to document farmers’ knowledge about yam pests and diseases and their management practices in southern Ethiopia. Data were collected from 342 systematically selected farmers and 96 yam fields in 5 major yam-growing zones (Dawuro, Gofa, Gamo, Kembata-Tembaro, and Wolaita) in southern Ethiopia using a semi-structured interview guide. The results showed that 54.1% of the farmers saved their planting materials for the next growing season, while 39.2% of the farmers purchased the planting materials from the local market every year. Most farmers (63.5%) reported that the cultivation of yam has been declining annually due to pests and diseases. White yam (Dioscorea rotundata) (Poir, Dioscoreales, Dioscoreaceae) and water yam (Dioscorea alata) are severely damaged by pests and diseases, as perceived by 33.9% and 24.9% of farmers, respectively. Farmers use healthy-looking pest- and disease-free tubers (39.5%), remove infected plants (24.0%), practice crop rotations (17.3%), and use animal manure (7.0%) to manage yam pests and diseases. Farmers’ knowledge can be a starting point for seeking solutions to yam pests and disease risks. This study could play an important role in improving yam cultivation by identifying strategies to improve the recent decline in yam production to meet future food needs for a rapidly growing population.
Sentiment analysis of Chinese ancient poetry based on multidimensional knowledge attention
Authors: Liu Zhongbao , Wan Guangwen , Zuo Xi , Liu Yingbin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Poetry was a unique literary genre in ancient China as an important way to express sentiments. Chinese ancient poetry not only has simple words, strict meters, and rich semantic relationships, but also widely use rhetorical techniques such as simile and personification, as well as metaphorical means such as allusion and imagery, which makes it difficult to understand their implicit sentiments quickly and accurately. Therefore, this article attempts to make full use of the semantic features of Chinese ancient poetry text and the knowledge feature of related domains under the guidance of the research paradigm of digital intelligence integration and, based on which, proposed Sentiment Analysis Model of Chinese Ancient Poetry based on Multidimensional Knowledge Attention. This model extracts semantic features from Chinese ancient poetry text, meanwhile designs a multidimensional knowledge attention to extract knowledge features from the knowledge base of Chinese ancient poetry. The recognition of Chinese ancient poetry sentiment is performed by integrating the textual feature and knowledge feature. Comparison experiments on the open ancient poetry corpus verified the effectiveness of the proposed model, and the ablation experiment explored the importance of different knowledge to the sentiment analysis result of Chinese ancient poetry.
EPCO-04. H3F3A K27M MUTATION DRIVES A REPRESSIVE TRANSCRIPTOME VIA REDUCED SERINE 31 PHOSPHORYLATION BY MODULATING CHROMATIN ACCESSIBILITY, INDEPENDENT OF H3K27ME3 IN DIFFUSE MIDLINE GLIOMA
Authors: Bhattarai Suraj , Day Charles , Hakkim Faruck , Grigore Florina , Langfald Alyssa , Hinchcliffe Edward , Robinson James 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Heterozygous H3.3 K27M mutations are central to the pathogenesis of diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), causing a global reduction in H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and subsequent epigenetic dysregulation. H3.3 contains a unique Serine 31 (S31) phosphorylation site crucial for mitotic checkpoint regulation. In DMG cells, reduced mitotic S31 phosphorylation correlates with chromosomal instability and aneuploidy. Using a mouse model, we demonstrate that both H3.3K27M and H3.3S31A mutations promote high-grade glioma development, whereas wild-type H3.3 does not. Importantly, S31A, which maintains normal K27me, suggests that S31 phosphorylation loss alone is oncogenic. The H3.3K27M mutation disrupts epigenetic regulation by inhibiting the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), leading to decreased H3K27me3 and unintended gene induction. Concurrently, K27M exerts a compensatory repressive effect on the transcriptome, mediated by reduced S31 phosphorylation, independent of PRC2 activity. Using CRISPR-engineered isogenic DMG cells and analyzing the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility with RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, we found that the K27M mutation produces a balanced gene expression profile, while PRC2 loss primarily leads to gene induction. Notably, cells with S31A mutations also maintain this balanced profile, linking the PRC2-independent effect of K27M to reduced S31 phosphorylation. Conversely, cells with wild-type K27 but S31A mutation show a repressive genomic state, evidenced by an up/down gene ratio of 0.75, owing to functional PRC2. We further show that the genes uniquely dysregulated by K27M or S31A, independent of PRC2, overlap significantly, with dysregulated genes displaying altered chromatin accessibility. This suggests that the effect of K27M and S31A mutations on gene regulation is primarily due to changes in chromatin state. This complex interplay points to targeting K27M-associated pathways, particularly S31 phosphorylation, as a promising therapeutic avenue in DMG, a malignancy with fewer effective treatments and dismal prognosis.