bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a neuroprosthesis for active tactile exploration of textures
Authors: O’Doherty Joseph E. , Shokur Solaiman , Medina Leonel E. , Lebedev Mikhail A. , Nicolelis Miguel A. L. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Sensory neuroprostheses offer the promise of restoring perceptual function to people with impaired sensation. Here, we developed a paradigm using intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) for encoding the sensation of fingertip motion against texture. Monkeys learned to interpret time-varying ICMS patterns, evoked by the interplay of their voluntary movements and specific object textures, and discriminated texture coarseness relying solely on these pulse trains. As such, variations in exploration strategy directly affected the timing of individual stimulation pulses. Crucially, this encoding enabled real-time active exploration of textures. We propose that this approach could equip upper-limb neuroprostheses with functional access to texture features acquired during active exploration of natural objects.
Directing differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells toward androgen-producing Leydig cells rather than adrenal cells
Authors: Li Lu , Li Yuchang , Sottas Chantal , Culty Martine , Fan Jinjiang , Hu Yiman , Cheung Garett , Chemes Héctor E. , Papadopoulos Vassilios 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Our results suggest that both androgen- and cortisol-producing human Leydig and adrenal cells can be induced from human induced pluripotent stem cells. This bidirectional approach offers insights into the events specifying different steroidogenic cell populations sharing developmental origins. More importantly, our study provides a way to generate possible transplantation materials for clinical therapies. Human Leydig-like cells could also be useful for in vitro studies of testicular development and pathologies of testis-relevant diseases, and for the discovery of new drugs inducing androgen formation for hypogonadism treatment.
GDGT cyclization proteins identify the dominant archaeal sources of tetraether lipids in the ocean
Authors: Zeng Zhirui , Liu Xiao-Lei , Farley Kristen R. , Wei Jeremy H. , Metcalf William W. , Summons Roger E. , Welander Paula V. 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceArchaea synthesize distinctive membrane-spanning lipids (GDGTs) that are readily preserved in ancient sediments and utilized as paleotemperature proxies to reconstruct sea surface temperatures deep in Earth’s past. However, properly interpreting GDGT-based biomarker proxies requires an accurate assessment of the archaea that contribute to GDGT pools in modern environments and of the proteins necessary for synthesizing GDGTs. In this study, we identify 2 radical SAM proteins inSulfolobus acidocaldariusthat are required to produce these molecules. Bioinformatics analyses of these GDGT ring synthesis proteins reveal that Thaumarchaeota are the dominant source of cyclized GDGTs in the open ocean, allowing us to constrain one factor of uncertainty in the application of GDGT-based paleotemperature proxies.
Cooperation mitigates diversity loss in a spatially expanding microbial population
Authors: Gandhi Saurabh R. , Korolev Kirill S. , Gore Jeff 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Spatially expanding populations lose genetic diversity rapidly because of repeated bottlenecks formed at the colonization front. However, the rate of diversity loss depends on the specifics of the expanding population, such as its growth and dispersal dynamics. We have previously demonstrated that changing the amount of within-species cooperation leads to a qualitative transition in the nature of expansion from pulled (driven by growth at the low-density tip) to pushed (driven by migration from the high-density region at the front, but behind the tip). Here we demonstrate experimentally that pushed waves result in strongly reduced genetic drift during range expansions, thus preserving genetic diversity in the newly colonized region.
Membrane curvature underlies actin reorganization in response to nanoscale surface topography
Authors: Lou Hsin-Ya , Zhao Wenting , Li Xiao , Duan Liting , Powers Alexander , Akamatsu Matthew , Santoro Francesca , McGuire Allister F. , Cui Yi , Drubin David G. , Cui Bianxiao 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Despite a large body of work, little is known about the origin or underlying mechanisms of how cells interact with surface topographic patterns, which has resulted in a primarily phenomenological approach in studying cell–nanotopography interactions. This study illustrates that membrane curvatures induced by nanoscale surface topography can serve as a direct biochemical signal to activate curvature-sensing protein and regulate actin polymerization and mechanotransduction in the intracellular space.
Social, demographic, and economic correlates of food and chemical consumption measured by wastewater-based epidemiology
Authors: Choi Phil M. , Tscharke Benjamin , Samanipour Saer , Hall Wayne D. , Gartner Coral E. , Mueller Jochen F. , Thomas Kevin V. , O’Brien Jake W. 
Published: October 2019

Significance
To date, wastewater-based epidemiology has focused on reporting drug and pharmaceutical consumption patterns by analyzing domestic wastewater. Here we explore the relationships between chemicals in wastewater and social, demographic, and economic parameters of the respective populations. We show the extent to which consumption of chemicals such as opioids and illicit drugs are associated with sociodemographics. We also examine chemicals that reflect individuals’ consumption of food components in wastewater and show that disparities in diet are associated with educational level. Our study shows that chemicals in wastewater reflect the social, demographic, and economic properties of the respective populations and highlights the potential value of wastewater in studying the sociodemographic determinants of population health.
Genetic contributions to variation in human stature in prehistoric Europe
Authors: Cox Samantha L. , Ruff Christopher B. , Maier Robert M. , Mathieson Iain 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Measurements of prehistoric human skeletal remains provide a record of changes in height and other anthropometric traits over time. Often, these changes are interpreted in terms of plastic developmental response to shifts in diet, climate, or other environmental factors. These changes can also be genetic in origin, but, until recently, it has been impossible to separate the effects of genetics and environment. Here, we use ancient DNA to directly estimate genetic changes in phenotypes and to identify changes driven not by genetics, but by environment. We show that changes over the past 35,000 y are largely predicted by genetics but also identify specific shifts that are more likely to be environmentally driven.
Nanoscale coupling of junctophilin-2 and ryanodine receptors regulates vascular smooth muscle cell contractility
Authors: Pritchard Harry A. T. , Griffin Caoimhin S. , Yamasaki Evan , Thakore Pratish , Lane Conor , Greenstein Adam S. , Earley Scott 
Published: October 2019

SignificanceThe junctophilins are a family of structural proteins that organize intracellular membrane junctions, such as coupling between the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. The junctophilins are critically important for cardiac and skeletal muscle function, but little is known about how these proteins influence vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We found that one isotype, junctophilin-2 (JPH2), is abundant in SMCs and is essential for maintaining a subcellular Ca2+signaling pathway that is critically important for regulation of membrane potential and contractility. Our data also show that impaired expression of JPH2 results in hypercontractility of small cerebral arteries. These findings suggest that loss-of-function mutations or decreased expression of JPH2 could contribute to vascular pathologies such as systemic hypertension and vascular cognitive impairment.
Electronic-cigarette smoke induces lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia in mice
Authors: Tang Moon-shong , Wu Xue-Ru , Lee Hyun-Wook , Xia Yong , Deng Fang-Ming , Moreira Andre L. , Chen Lung-Chi , Huang William C. , Lepor Herbert 
Published: October 2019

Significance
Electronic-cigarette smoke (ECS) is designed to deliver nicotine, and its use is gaining popularity. Previously, we found that ECS induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair in the mouse lungs and bladder urothelium. Nicotine induces the same types of DNA adducts and has a similar effect on DNA repair inhibition in human cells. Nicotine also enhances human cells’ mutation and tumorigenic transformation susceptibility. Our current results show that ECS-exposed mice developed lung adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial hyperplasia, indicating that ECS is a lung carcinogen and a potential bladder carcinogen in mice. While it is well established that tobacco smoke poses a huge threat to human health, the threat ECS poses to humans is not yet known and warrants in-depth investigation.
The associations between individual differences in working memory and the effectiveness of immediate and delayed corrective feedback
Authors: Fu Mengxia , Li Shaofeng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper reports on a study investigating the role of working memory in predicting L2 development under immediate and delayed corrective feedback (CF) conditions. A total of 106 seventh-grade EFL learners were assigned to three groups: Immediate CF, Delayed CF, and Task Only. Each group underwent three treatment sessions during which they performed six focused communicative tasks – two in each session – involving the use of the English past tense. The Immediate CF group received feedback on their erroneous use of the target structure during their task performance in Session 1; the Delayed CF group did not receive feedback until the final treatment session; and the Task Only group performed the communicative tasks without receiving any feedback. Treatment effects were measured through a grammaticality judgement test and an elicited imitation test. Working memory was measured by means of an operation span test. The results revealed that working memory was a significant predictor only of the effects of delayed CF, not those of immediate CF or task only. The findings suggest that delayed CF may have imposed a heavier processing burden on the learners’ working memory due to the need to match the delayed feedback with the errors in their procedural knowledge manifested in previous sessions. Based on the results of this and other empirical studies, the authors argue for the superiority of immediate feedback over delayed feedback.
Working memory and planning time as predictors of fluency and accuracy
Authors: Brown Nielson Katharine , DeKeyser Robert 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Working memory, which accounts for the ability to process information in the face of interference, is critical to
second language acquisition (SLA) and use. The interaction of working memory capacity (WMC) with specific pedagogical
interventions is a logical place for empirical SLA research, both to examine the cognitive processes underpinning second language
performance and to identify instructional treatments that may serve learners differently based on their WMC. This study considers
WMC along with two different types of pre-task planning time (guided and unguided) as predictors of the attempted accuracy and
fluency of learners’ discourse. Seventy-two intermediate ESL students from seven classes at a community college participated by
completing two different working memory span tasks, as well as two different “There-and-Then” oral story-telling tasks. The
treatment condition of the story-telling tasks was manipulated so that learners’ performance could be considered in terms of
provision of pre-task planning (+/− planning), type of planning (guided vs. unguided), and order of planning (planning first or
planning second). Task order had a clear effect on learners’ production, regardless of the provision of planning time. Guided
planning time promoted a focus on attempted accuracy and unguided planning time fostered fluency. Finally, this study indicates
that task conditions can affect high- and low-WMC learners in different ways: the former are more likely to comply with complex
story-telling instructions, requiring them to focus on grammatical form at the expense of fluency, whereas the latter are less
likely to comply with the same instructions.
Prosodic effects on L2 grammars
Authors: Goad Heather , White Lydia 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the Prosodic Transfer Hypothesis (PTH), which accounts for certain difficulties
that learners experience with L2 morphosyntax. We focus on inflection and articles, which have often been accounted for through
defective syntactic representations or problems with the interface between morphology and syntax (inflection) and between
semantics or discourse/pragmatics and syntax (articles). We argue that some problems in these domains reflect transfer of L1
prosodic constraints: certain forms cannot be prosodically represented as target-like and hence are omitted or mispronounced. We
trace how the PTH has developed over time, from its initial instantiation as involving permanent L1 transfer, to currently, where
L1 representations are seen as adaptable to the needs of the L2, and new representations can in fact be acquired. We provide an
overview of work conducted in this framework and discuss how the theory has been extended beyond production to encompass
comprehension and processing.
Stable stimulated emission depletion imaging of extended sample regions
Authors: Alvelid Jonatan , Testa Ilaria 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy has become one of the most used nanoscopy techniques over the last decade. However, most recordings are done in specimen regions no larger than 10–30  ×  10–30 μm2 due to aberrations, instability and manual mechanical stages. Here, we demonstrate automated 2D and 3D STED nanoscopy of extended sample regions up to 0.5  ×  0.5 mm2 by using a scanning system that maintains stationary beams in the back focal plane. The setup allows up to 80–100  ×  80–100 μm2 field of view (FOV) with uniform spatial resolution, a mechanical stage allowing sequential tiling to record larger sample areas, and a feedback system keeping the sample in focus at all times. Taken together, this allows automated recording of theoretically unlimited-sized sample areas and volumes, without compromising the achievable spatial resolution and image quality.
On the overall polarisation properties of Poincaré beams
Authors: Lopez-Mago Dorilian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We analyse the polarisation properties of Poincaré beams. We consider different configurations, such as Laguerre–Poincaré (LP), Bessel–Poincaré (BP), and Lambert–Poincaré (LaP) beams. The former considers the well-known cylindrical vector beams and full-Poincaré beams produced by a collinear superposition of two Laguerre–Gauss beams with orthogonal polarisations. For this configuration, we describe the Stokes statistics and overall invariant parameters. Similarly, BP beams are produced by the collinear superposition of Bessel beams with orthogonal polarisations. We describe their properties under propagation and show that they behave as a free-space polarisation attractor transforming elliptical polarisations to linear polarisations. We also propose a novel type of full Poincaré pattern, one which is generated by a Lambert projection of the Poincaré sphere on the transverse plane, and hence we call them LaP. This configuration, contrary to the LP, provides a finite region containing all polarisation states uniformly distributed on the Poincaré sphere.
Protein intake and transitions between frailty states and to death in very old adults: the Newcastle 85+ study
Authors: Mendonça Nuno , Kingston Andrew , Granic Antoneta , Jagger Carol 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association of protein intake with frailty progression in very old adults.DesignThe Newcastle 85+ study, a prospective longitudinal study of people aged 85 years old in Northeast England and followed over 5 years.Setting and Participants668 community-dwelling older adults (59% women) at baseline, with complete dietary assessment and Fried frailty status (FFS).MeasuresDietary intake was estimated with 2 × 24-h multiple pass recalls at baseline. FFS was based on five criteria: shrinking, physical endurance/energy, low physical activity, weakness and slow walking speed and was available at baseline and 1.5, 3 and 5 years. The contribution of protein intake (g/kg adjusted body weight/day [g/kg aBW/d]) to transitions to and from FFS (robust, pre-frail and frail) and to death over 5 years was examined by multi-state models.ResultsIncrease in one unit of protein intake (g/kg aBW/d) decreased the likelihood of transitioning from pre-frail to frail after adjusting for age, sex, education and multimorbidity (hazard ratios [HR]: 0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.77) but not for the other transitions. Reductions in incident frailty were equally present in individuals with protein intake ≥0.8 (HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43–0.84) and ≥1 g/kg aBW/d (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44–0.90) from 85 to 90 years. This relationship was attenuated after adjustment for energy intake, but the direction of the association remained the same (e.g. g/kg aBW/d model: HR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.36–1.41).ConclusionHigh protein intake, partly mediated by energy intake, may delay incident frailty in very old adults. Frailty prevention strategies in this age group should consider adequate provision of protein and energy.
Real-life implementation of guidelines on the hospital-to-home transition for older patients: a cohort study in general practice
Authors: Hurtaud Aline , Lallier François , Heidet Matthieu , Arnoult Charline , Dramé Moustapha , Canouï-Poitrine Florence 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background
hospital discharge is a critical event for older patients. The French guidelines recommended the swift transmission of a discharge summary to the general practitioner (GP) and a primary care consultation within 7 days. The relevance and feasibility of these guidelines have not previously been assessed.

Objective
to perform a real-life assessment of compliance with French guidelines on the transmission of discharge summaries and post-discharge medical reviews and to examine these factors’ association with 30-day readmissions.

Design
a prospective multicentre cohort study.

Setting
primary care (general practice) in France.

Subjects
a sample of GPs and the same number of patients aged 75 or over having consulted within 30 days of hospital discharge.

Methods
the main endpoints were the proportion of discharge summaries available and the proportion of patients consulting their GP within 7 days. The 30-day readmission rate was also measured. Factors associated with these endpoints were assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
seventy-one GPs (mean ± standard deviation age: 49 ± 11; males: 62%) and 71 patients (mean age: 84 ± 5; males: 52%; living at home: 94%; cognitive disorders: 22%) were included. Forty-six patients (65%, [95% confidence interval [CI]]: 53–76) consulted their GP within 7 days of hospital discharge. At the time of the consultation, 27 GPs (38% [95% CI]: 27–50) had not received the corresponding hospital discharge summary. Discharge summary availability was associated with a lower risk of 30-day readmission (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.25 [0.07–0.91]).

Conclusions
compliance with the French guidelines on hospital-to-home transitions is insufficient.
Stratification of Atypical Intraepithelial Prostatic Lesions Based on Basal Cell and Architectural Patterns
Authors: Xiao Guang-Qian , Golestani Reza , Pham Huy , Sherrod Andy E 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectives: High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HPIN) and atypical cribriform lesion of the prostate are considered the precursors or associators of invasive prostate cancer (iPCa). Given loss of basal cells being the hallmark of iPCa, we hypothesized that a subset of these atypical intraepithelial lesions (AILs) with sparse basal cells can be classified as prostatic intraepithelial carcinoma (PIC) with frequent iPCa association and that different morphologic patterns of PIC are associated with specific Gleason (G) patterns and scores for iPCa.Methods: We stratified 153 foci of AILs from 110 patients based on the integrity of the basal cell layer and architectural patterns and their association with iPCa.Results: We demonstrated that AILs could be stratified into usual HPIN (intact basal cell layer and simple patterns) with low-risk of iPCa association and PIC (sparse basal cell layer) with high risk of iPCa association. Furthermore, PIC could be divided into low-grade (simple patterns and associated with G3 and G3/4 iPCa) and high-grade PIC (complex patterns and associated with G4 and G3/4/5 iPCa).Conclusions: Such stratification is of great clinical significance and instrumental to clinical patient management. It not only increases the predictability of AILs for iPCa but also accommodates a clinical scenario for lesions with features of intraductal carcinoma when iPCa is not found, particularly in biopsies.
Serum Retinol and Risk of Overall and Site-Specific Cancer in the ATBC Study
Authors: Hada Manila , Mondul Alison M , Weinstein Stephanie J , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Retinol, the most biologically active form of vitamin A, might influence cancer-related biological pathways. However, results from observational studies of serum retinol and cancer risk have been mixed. We prospectively examined serum retinol and risk of overall and site-specific cancer in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (n = 29,104 men), conducted in 1985–1993, with follow-up through 2012. Serum retinol concentration was measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the association between baseline serum retinol quintile and overall and site-specific cancer risk in 10,789 cases. After multivariable adjustment, higher serum retinol was not associated with overall cancer risk (highest vs. lowest quintile: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.91, 1.03; P for trend = 0.43). Higher retinol concentrations were, however, associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (highest vs. lowest quintile: HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.45; P for trend &lt; 0.0001) and lower risk of both liver and lung cancers (highest vs. lowest quintile: for liver, HR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.91; P for trend = 0.004; and for lung, HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.88; P for trend &lt; 0.0001). No associations with other cancers were observed. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie these associations might provide insight into the role of vitamin A in cancer etiology.