bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Temperature Carbide‐Mediated Growth of Bicontinuous Nitrogen‐Doped Mesoporous Graphene as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst
Authors: Han Jiuhui , Huang Gang , Wang Zhili , Lu Zhen , Du Jing , Kashani Hamzeh , Chen Mingwei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNitrogen‐doped graphene exhibits high electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which is essential for many renewable energy technologies. To maximize the catalytic efficiency, it is desirable to have both a high concentration of robust nitrogen dopants and a large accessible surface of the graphene electrodes for rapid access of oxygen to the active sites. Here, 3D bicontinuous nitrogen‐doped mesoporous graphene synthesized by a low‐temperature carbide‐mediated graphene‐growth method is reported. The mesoporous graphene has a mesoscale pore size of ≈25 nm and large specific surface area of 1015 m2 g−1, which can effectively host and stabilize a high concentration of nitrogen dopants. Accordingly, it shows an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR with an efficient four‐electron‐dominated pathway and high durability in alkaline media. The synthesis route developed herein provides a new economic approach to synthesize bicontinuous porous graphene materials with tunable characteristic length, porosity, and chemical doping as high efficiency electrocatalysts for a wide range of electrochemical reactions.
Novel Periodic Bilayer Au Nanostructures for Ultrasensitive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Guitai , Cao Fan , Zhao Pengfei , Zhang Xinyi , Li Zhenyu , Yu Nian , Wang Zhao , Hu Yongming , Sun Handong , Gu Haoshuang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe detection of trace molecules is of great significance in many practical applications, and the development of surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique is critical in order to achieve this end. In this work, a novel periodic bilayer Au nanostructure constructed by a porous upper layer and a lower layer of nanoparticle arrays, is fabricated by electron beam lithography (EBL) process for SERS. The repetitive unit is 400 nm × 400 nm, and both diameters of the nanopores of the porous layer and the nanoparticles are ≈200 nm, with ≈10 nm nanogaps between nanopores and nanoparticles. The SERS performances are characterized with Rhodamine 6G (R6G), and compared with that of monolayer Au nanoparticle arrays, the Raman intensity of R6G on bilayer Au nanostructure is ≈12 times stronger, which can be ascribed to a lager electromagnetic field enhancement from the nanogaps. Moreover, the analyzed molecules can be accumulated at the nanogaps due to the special bilayer structure, resulting in stronger Raman signal intensities and a very low detection limit (≈10−13 mol L−1). The novel bilayer nanostructure not only offers an alternative high performance SERS platform for highly quantitative analysis, but also provides another strategy (molecule accumulation) to promote molecule detection.
Chiral‐Plasmon‐Tuned Potentials for Atom Trapping at the Nanoscale
Authors: Chen Zhao , Zhang Fan , Duan Xueke , Zhang Tiancai , Gong Qihuang , Gu Ying 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNeutral atom trapping is of importance in precision quantum metrology and quantum information processing where the atom can be viewed as an excellent frequency reference. However, creating tunable optical traps compatible with the optical nanostructures is still a challenge. Here, by introducing the chiroptical effects of a plasmonic structure into atom trapping, an active tunable potential for 3D stable optical trapping at the nanoscale is demonstrated. By altering the incident light from left‐ to right‐handed circularly polarized, the tunable range of position and potential of the trapped atoms can reach ≈60 nm and ≈0.51N mK (N denotes input power with unit mW), respectively. In addition, the blue‐detuned circularly polarized light guarantees the ultralow scattering rate and ultralong trapping lifetime. The trap centers are about hundreds of nanometers away from the structure surface, which ensures the stability of the trapping system due to the ignorable surface potential. This chiral‐based tunable atom trapping system broadens the application of chiral metamaterials and has important impact on all‐optical modulation, atomic on‐chip integration, manipulation of cold atoms, and quantum many‐body systems.
Sustainable Electronics Based on Crop Plant Extracts and Graphene: A “Bioadvantaged” Approach
Authors: Cataldi Pietro , Heredia‐Guerrero José A. , Guzman‐Puyol Susana , Ceseracciu Luca , La Notte Luca , Reale Andrea , Ren Jun , Zhang Yijie , Liu Lei , Miscuglio Mario , Savi Patrizia , Piazza Simonluca , Duocastella Marti , Perotto Giovanni , Athanassiou Athanassia , Bayer Ilker S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn today's fast‐paced and well‐connected world, consumer electronics are evolving rapidly. As a result, the amount of discarded electronic devices is becoming a major health and environmental concern. The rapid expansion of flexible electronics has the potential to transform consumer electronic devices from rigid phones and tablets to robust wearable devices. This means increased use of plastics in consumer electronics and the potential to generate more persistent plastic waste for the environment. Hence, today, the need for flexible biodegradable electronics is at the forefront of minimizing the mounting pile of global electronic waste. A “bioadvantaged” approach to develop a biodegradable, flexible, and application‐adaptable electronic components based on crop components and graphene is reported. More specifically, by combining zein, a corn‐derived protein, and aleuritic acid, a major monomer of tomato cuticles and sheellac, along with graphene, biocomposite conductors having low electrical resistance (≈10 Ω sq−1) with exceptional mechanical and fatigue resilience are fabricated. Further, a number of high‐performance electronic applications, such as THz electromagnetic shielding, flexible GHz antenna construction, and flexible solar cell electrode, are demonstrated. Excellent performance results are measured from each application comparable to conventional nondegrading counterparts, thus paving the way for the concept of “plant‐e‐tronics” towards sustainability.
Magnetosome Modification: From Bio‐Nano Engineering Toward Nanomedicine
Authors: Ren En , Lei Zhao , Wang Junqing , Zhang Yang , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBacterial magnetosomes (MS) are one of the most intriguing paradigms for microbial production of iron crystals within a membrane vesicle by a biomineralization process with high degree of biological control in specific intracellular locations. The use of unique properties of MS has gained considerable interest in board applications, such as magneto immunoassays and biosensing, as well as drug delivery and biomedical imaging. The functionalization of these membrane and protein bound crystals of magnetic iron minerals is of great interest for the bioengineering and biomedical applications. Herein, an overview on bioengineering strategies to develop functionalized MS for better capabilities in diagnostic and therapeutic nanomedicine is presented. Specifically, the strategies in which MS could be functionalized by genetic and chemical modifications on the membrane, as well as the crystals modifications by the mineral concentration chages in culture medium are discussed. In addition, biomimetic generation of MS‐like magnetic nanoparticles using the mechanisms of biomineralization in MS is also described. Finally, new perspectives and future directions for MS development in personalized and precision nanomedicine are discussed.
Reliability of the MRI‐based Brain Atrophy and Lesion Index in the evaluation of whole‐brain structural health
Authors: Gu Tao , Guo Hui , Song Xiaowei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Brain Atrophy and Lesion Index (BALI), which evaluates several common aging‐related MRI changes in combination, has been validated as a feasible method to assess the status of structural brain health. Previous studies have been based primarily on older participants and high‐field MRI. Here, we tested the generalizability of the BALI by examining its measurement properties in a wide age range at both high and conventional MRI field strengths.MethodsSubjects (n = 229) who had T2WI at either 1.5T or 3.0T were grouped into younger (age ≤ 60 years) and older (age > 60 years) groups. Image evaluation and scoring were performed independently by two experienced neuroradiologists who have mastered the BALI method. Inter‐ and intrarater agreement rates were examined comparing age groups and field strengths.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient for the BALI total score was consistently high under each experimental condition (interrater ICC ≥ 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84‐0.96), with no statistical difference between age groups (Fisher Z = 1.43) or field strengths (Z = 0.60). The reliability for BALI category subscores ranged between moderate and perfect (eg, 0.85 vs 0.57 for GA), similar for both age groups and typically greater at 3.0T than at 1.5T.ConclusionThe BALI based on T2WI can be reliably applied to the evaluation of the whole‐brain health of both younger and older adults at both field strengths, even though high‐field MRI is preferable.
Tanispermum, a new genus of hemi‐orthotropous to hemi‐anatropous angiosperm seeds from the Early Cretaceous of eastern North America
Authors: Friis Else Marie , Crane Peter R. , Pedersen Kaj Raunsgaard 
Published: August 2018

Premise of the StudyExotestal seeds with characters that indicate relationship to extant Austrobaileyales and Nymphaeales are abundant in Early Cretaceous sediments from Portugal and eastern North America, but their variety and unique features provide evidence of extensive extinct diversity among early angiosperms.MethodsThe fossils were extracted from Early Cretaceous sediments from Virginia and Maryland, United States, by sieving in water. After cleaning with HF, HCl and water, they were examined using SEM and SRXTM and compared to seeds of extant and fossil angiosperms.Key ResultsA new genus, Tanispermum gen. nov., with four species (T. hopewellense sp. nov., T. marylandense sp. nov., T. drewriense sp. nov., and T. antiquum sp. nov.) is recognized. Relationship with extant Austrobaileyales and Nymphaeales is indicated by an exotesta of tall palisade sclerenchyma with undulate anticlinal walls forming a jigsaw puzzle‐like surface pattern. However, seeds of Tanispermum differ from those of Austrobaileyales and Nymphaeales in their hemi‐orthotropous–hemi‐anatropous organization. Attempts to place Tanispermum in a phylogenetic context confront a variety of problems, including lack of information on other parts of these extinct plants.ConclusionsThe discovery highlights the extent to which the morphology of extant angiosperms is not representative of the diversity that once existed among early‐diverging members of the group. The relictual nature of extant taxa near the base of the angiosperm tree greatly complicates the reconstruction of ancestral character states and emphasizes the need for focused paleobotanical studies to elucidate the extinct diversity that existed early in angiosperm evolution.
Bioinspired Synthesis of (+)‐Cinchonidine Using Cascade Reactions
Authors: Liu Wentao , Qin Wenfang , Wang Xiaobei , Xue Fei , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Qin Yong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe development of efficient syntheses of complex natural products has long been a major challenge in synthetic chemistry. Designing cascade reactions and employing bioinspired transformations are an important and reliable means of achieving this goal. Presented here is a combination of these two strategies, which allow efficient asymmetric synthesis of the cinchona alkaloid (+)‐cinchonidine. The key steps of this synthesis are a controllable, visible‐light‐induced photoredox radical cascade reaction to efficiently access the tetracyclic monoterpenoid indole alkaloid core, as well as a practical biomimetic cascade rearrangement for the indole to quinoline transformation. The use of stereoselective chemical transformations in this work makes it an efficient synthesis of (+)‐cinchonidine.
Extra‐Large Mechanical Anisotropy of a Hydrogel with Maximized Electrostatic Repulsion between Cofacially Aligned 2D Electrolytes
Authors: Sano Koki , Arazoe Yuka Onuma , Ishida Yasuhiro , Ebina Yasuo , Osada Minoru , Sasaki Takayoshi , Hikima Takaaki , Aida Takuzo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn our previous work, we have shown that “electrostatic forces”, when generated anisotropically in aqueous media by 2D electrolytes upon cofacial orientation, enable the formation of a hydrogel with an anisotropic parameter, as defined by the ratio of elastic moduli E⊥/E∥, of 3.0. Herein, we successfully developed the design strategy for a hydrogel with an anisotropic parameter of no less than 85. This value is not only 28 times greater than that of our previous anisotropic hydrogel but also 6 times larger than the current champion record in synthetic hydrogels (E⊥/E∥∼15). Firstly, we simply lowered ionic contaminants in the hydrogel and were able to enhance the anisotropic parameter from 3.0 to 18. Then, we chose a supporting polymer network allowing the hydrogel to carry a higher interior permittivity. Consequently, the anisotropic parameter was further enhanced from 18 to 85. Owing to the enhanced mechanical anisotropy, our new hydrogel displayed a superb ability of seismic isolation.
Short Total Synthesis of Ajoene
Authors: Silva Filipa , Khokhar Shaista S. , Williams Danielle M. , Saunders Robert , Evans Gareth J. S. , Graz Michael , Wirth Thomas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe describe a short total synthesis of ajoene, a major biologically active constituent of garlic. The instability of allicin as the only other known alternative starting material has led to the development of a reliable procedure for the synthesis of ajoene from simple building blocks that is also suitable for upscale operations.
Click chemistry‐assisted preparation and properties of phosphorus and nitrogen synergistic flame retardant optical resin with a high refractive index
Authors: Luo Chaoyun , Zuo Jiandong , Wang Fuquan , Lin Feng , Zhao Jianqing , Xu Zhijuan 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, halogen‐free flame retardant tri(acryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (TAEP) was prepared using 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate and phosphorus oxychloride. The chemical structure of TAEP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers. The mixture of TAEP, acrylamide, and pentaerythritol tetrathioglycolate with different P, N, and S content were used to prepare flame retarding optical resin via the click chemistry curing. The curing performance, thermal stability, and flame retardant performance of the optical resins were measured by differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analyzer, vertical burning tester, and limiting oxygen index test, respectively. Additionally, the morphology of the burned residual was investigated by scanning electronic microscopy, and the refractive indices of the optical resins were measured by an Abbe Refractometer. The results strongly indicated that increasing sulfur content in resins improved their refractive indices, but deteriorated their flame retardancy. Meanwhile, the nitrogen element was helpful for the flame retardancy of the optical resin. With S N, and P contents of 3.00%, 1.00%, and 6.70 wt %, respectively, the refractive index of the optical resin reached up to 1.4987, and its flame retardancy achieved the UL‐94 V‐0 level and the LOI value of 29.3%. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46648.
Aging properties and hydrophilicity of maize starch plasticized by hyperbranched poly(citrate glyceride)
Authors: Zhang Kang , Zhang Kairui , Cheng Fei , Lin Yi , Zhou Mi , Zhu Puxin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHyperbranched poly(citrate glyceride)s (HBPETs) as plasticizers were mixed with maize starch (S) via cooking and film formation. The structure, aging properties, and hydrophilicity of the plasticized starches were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, tension testing, contact angle testing, solubility measurements, moisture absorption, and water vapor permeability (WVP). Compared with a glycerol–S plasticized film, the HBPET–S composite films had better mechanical properties in terms of both strength and elongation at break, better aging resistance, less moisture absorption, less WVP, and more hydrophobicity on the film surface. The mechanisms behind the performances resulted from stronger and more stable H bonds between the abundant active end groups of HBPET and hydroxyls of starch and the high branching degree of the HBPETs; this was helpful for effectively inhibiting the recrystallization of starch. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46899.
The retarding effects and structural evolution of a bio‐based high‐performance polyimide during thermal imidization
Authors: Li Renke , Lu Zheng , Liu Yao , Zeng Ke , Hu Jianghuai , Yang Gang 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTThe thermal imidization evolution of a bio‐based high‐performance polyimide, namely adenine‐containing polyimide (API), was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (in situ FTIR), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), in contrast to an adenine‐free 4,4′‐oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA)/4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) PI. The influence derived from adenine was focused. At precursor stage of API (polyamic acid, PAA), the H‐bonding interaction of PAA–PAA type as well as the especial interaction between the secondary amine of adenine and solvent (dimethylacetamide, DMAc) was discovered. Structural evolution of API was traced by in situ FTIR and multistage WAXD from PAA stage to PI stage. Compared with OPI, the retarding effects were found in the process of thermal imidization of API, partly due to the formation of H‐bonding derived from the extra secondary amine of adenine moieties, which complicated the H‐bonding form in API. Finally, a hypothesis of evolution of thermal imidization process about API molecule was proposed in contrast with adenine‐free ODPA ODA PI. Compared with the consistency of both API and ODPA ODA PI in PAA stage, API possessed a more delicate thermal imidization process. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46953.
Interferon‐γ–Mediated Immunopathology Potentiated by Toll‐Like Receptor 9 Activation in a Murine Model of Macrophage Activation Syndrome
Authors: Weaver Lehn K. , Chu Niansheng , Behrens Edward M. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveMacrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life‐threatening cytokine storm syndrome that occurs in patients with underlying rheumatic diseases. Preclinical and clinical data suggest that interferon‐γ (IFNγ) is pathogenic in MAS, but how IFNγ may be linked to disease pathogenesis remains unknown. This study was undertaken to determine whether IFNγ signals synergize with systemic innate immune responses to drive the cytokine storm in a murine model of MAS.MethodsIFNγ‐deficient mice were treated with 5 doses of the Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR‐9) agonist CpG 1826, IFNγ, or a combination of the 2 stimuli over the course of 10 days. Immunopathologic features of MAS, including cytopenias, hepatitis, hepatosplenomegaly, and induction of inflammatory myelopoiesis, were assessed. Mixed bone marrow chimeras were created to determine whether TLR‐9– and IFNγ receptor 1 (IFNγR1)–dependent signals induce enhanced myelopoiesis in a cell‐intrinsic or cell‐extrinsic manner.ResultsIFNγ‐deficient mice did not develop features of MAS when treated with repeated doses of either the TLR‐9 agonist or IFNγ alone. In contrast, IFNγ‐deficient mice treated with both the TLR‐9 agonist and IFNγ developed cytopenias, hepatitis, and hepatosplenomegaly, reproducing major clinical features of MAS. TLR‐9– and IFNγR1‐dependent signals synergized to enhance myeloid progenitor cell function and induce myelopoiesis in vivo, which occurred through cell‐extrinsic mechanisms and correlated with the induction of disease.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that TLR‐9–driven signals potentiate the effects of IFNγ to initiate murine MAS, and provide evidence that induction of inflammatory myelopoiesis is a common TLR‐9– and IFNγ‐dependent pathway that may contribute to the pathogenesis of MAS.
Role of Anti‐Fractalkine Antibody in Suppression of Joint Destruction by Inhibiting Migration of Osteoclast Precursors to the Synovium in Experimental Arthritis
Authors: Hoshino‐Negishi Kana , Ohkuro Masayoshi , Nakatani Tomoya , Kuboi Yoshikazu , Nishimura Miyuki , Ida Yoko , Kakuta Jungo , Hamaguchi Akiko , Kumai Minoru , Kamisako Tsutomu , Sugiyama Fumihiro , Ikeda Wataru , Ishii Naoto , Yasuda Nobuyuki , Imai Toshio 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo elucidate the role of the fractalkine (FKN)/CX3CR1 pathway in joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsWe examined the effect of treatment with anti–mouse FKN (anti‐mFKN) monoclonal antibody (mAb) on joint destruction and the migration of osteoclast precursors (OCPs) into the joint, using the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model.DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen to induce arthritis, and then treated with anti‐mFKN mAb. Disease severity was monitored by arthritis score, and joint destruction was evaluated by soft x‐ray and histologic analyses. Plasma levels of joint destruction markers were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. FKN expression on endothelial cells was detected by immunohistochemistry. Bone marrow–derived OCPs were labeled with fluorescein and transferred to mice with CIA, and the migration of the OCPs to the joints was then analyzed.ResultsBoth prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with anti‐mFKN mAb significantly decreased the arthritis and soft x‐ray scores. Plasma levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and matrix metalloproteinase 3 decreased after treatment with anti‐mFKN mAb. Histologic analysis revealed that anti‐mFKN mAb inhibited synovitis, pannus formation, and cartilage destruction, as well as suppressed bone damage, with a marked reduction in the number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase–positive osteoclasts. Anti‐mFKN mAb strongly inhibited the migration of bone marrow–derived OCPs into the affected synovium.ConclusionAnti‐mFKN mAb notably ameliorates arthritis and joint destruction in the CIA model, as well as inhibits migration of OCPs into the synovium. These results suggest that inhibition of the FKN/CX3CR1 pathway could be a novel strategy for treatment of both synovitis and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.
Planung und Herstellung von zwei Baugruben im Zentrum von Hamburg
Authors: Ockert Jürgen , Vieweger Marc 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMitten in der Innenstadt von Hamburg werden in einem Abstand von ca. 500 m zwei Baugruben mit ähnlichen Randbedingungen geplant und hergestellt. Beide Baugruben werden als Trogbaugruben unter Verwendung einer natürlichen dichten Schicht hergestellt. Die Baugrube Alter Wall wird komplett als Schlitzwandbaugrube realisiert, während bei der Baugrube Motel One zusätzlich zu der Schlitzwand auch zwei Bestandsverbauwände mit in den Baugrubenverbau integriert werden. Beide Baugruben liegen direkt an einem Fleet, weshalb ein zusätzlicher Verbau für den Abbruch der Außenwände und die Herstellung der Schlitzwand erforderlich wird. Bei der Baugrube Alter Wall wurde die Schlitzwand wegen des in einer Rinne tief anstehenden Glimmertonhorizonts bis zu einer Tiefe von 50 m hergestellt und teilweise noch um weitere 20 m durch einen Dichtschleier nach unten ergänzt. Entlang dieser Baugrube verläuft direkt unter dem Fleet die S‐Bahn und auf der anderen Seite befinden sich das Rathaus und die Börse von Hamburg. Wegen der Gründung dieser Gebäude auf Holzpfählen wurde die zulässige Setzung auf 1,0 cm begrenzt und daher eine Verformungsberechnung mit FEM vorgeschrieben.