bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of an Environmental Phage-Based Assay (Sample6 Detect HT/L) for the Detection of Listeria spp. in Ice Cream
Authors: Arias-Rios Elba Veronica , Tenney Kristina , Mai Tam , Anderson Sam , Cantera Ruth Marie , Pando Jasmine M , Selover Brandon , Nadala Lourdes M , Davidson Seana K , Samadpour Mansour 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background: Dairy products are common sources of Listeria outbreaks, and early detection of the pathogen is critical to prevent outbreaks of illnesses and financial losses for dairy producers. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate Sample6 Detect HT/L for effective detection of Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua in ice cream. Methods: Performance of the Sample6 DETECT HT/L was compared with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) Chapter 10 method for detection of Listeria spp. in ice cream using an unpaired study design. Results: R2-enriched samples tested with Sample6 Detect HT/L performed as well as the reference method at all time points tested from 15 to 24 h. R2 is a proprietary blend for use with the test kit that helps with early detection. All the dPODC values (Sample6 Detect HT/L presumptive and confirmed results) equaled zero, indicating 100% concordance between the methods. Both Sample6 Detect HT/L and FDA BAM results showed low dPODC values, with confidence intervals indicating no significant differences between Sample6 Detect HT/L and reference method results. Conclusions: Sample6 Detect HT/L is suitable to detect Listeria spp. in ice cream, even with a 12 h enrichment. Sample6 Detect HT/L demonstrated equivalent detection of L. monocytogenes and L. innocua from R2-enriched samples as expected with 15 and 18 h enrichment when compared with the 24 h FDA BAM method for L. monocytogenes. Highlights: These results indicate that Sample6 Detect HT/L, primarily developed for environmental samples, can be used to detect Listeria spp. in ice cream with less incubation time, resulting in faster detection.
En l’absence de témoin
Authors: Charbonneau Frédéric 
Published: January 2019

Au cours des années 1722-1724, quelques savants de l’Académie royale des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres – l’abbé Anselme, l’abbé Sallier, Louis Jean Lévesque de Pouilly et Nicolas Fréret notamment – débattirent vigoureusement du degré de foi qu’il fallait accorder aux oeuvres historiques anciennes lorsque les rares témoignages contemporains des faits qu’elles relataient et sur lesquels elles auraient pu s’appuyer paraissaient douteux, comme c’était le cas pour les quatre premiers siècles de Rome. En nous penchant sur les textes de cette querelle, nous réfléchissons au rôle tenu à l’époque par le témoignage dans la connaissance historique, aux conséquences de sa raréfaction, de sa fragmentation, voire de son absence : comment l’histoire, qui est testis temporum selon le magnifique éloge de Cicéron (De Oratore 2, 9), peut-elle subsister sans testis ? Nous éclairons par cet examen, dans la transition lente d’une pratique littéraire de l’histoire à sa pratique scientifique, le rôle des monuments, des traités, des lois, des relevés astronomiques et des autres archives qui ne transcrivent ni témoignage ni mémoire personnelle.
Mémoire de l’événement dans La compagnie des spectres et Pas pleurer de Lydie Salvayre
Authors: Grenouillet Corinne 
Published: January 2019

Les deux romans de Lydie Salvayre, La compagnie des spectres (1997) et Pas pleurer (2014) sont étudiés conjointement en raison de leurs parentés diégétiques et formelles. Le premier a été lu comme un « roman sur Vichy » et le second met en scène la mémoire de la révolution espagnole de 1936 et de la guerre civile. L’article replace ces deux livres dans le contexte mémoriel de leur parution et en dégage les enjeux. Ils sont porteurs de projets différents, témoignant d’un rapport au passé complexe et parfois douloureux. En montrant que l’événement historique est un spectre qui vient hanter le présent et en explorant la mémoire des petits et des vaincus de l’histoire, ces deux romans expriment une sensibilité politique de gauche.
Using Body-Worn Sensors to Detect Changes in Balance and Mobility After Acute Aerobic Exercise in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kasser Susan L. , Jacobs Jesse V. , Sibold Jeremy , Marcus Avery , Cole Laurel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background:
Current mobility and functional assessments do not capture the subtle changes in balance and gait that may predispose people with multiple sclerosis (MS) to falling. The purpose of this study was to use clinical and instrumented measures to examine the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on balance and gait in individuals with MS.

Methods:
Ten adults with MS performed 15 minutes of moderate-intensity recumbent cycling or 15 minutes of rest. Exercise and rest visit order was randomized and separated by 1 week. Balance and mobility were assessed before, immediately after, and 2 hours after each test condition.

Results:
There were no significant differences across measurement periods for Timed 25-Foot Walk test times or Brief Balance Evaluation Systems Test scores. Significant improvements in mean sway radius and sway velocity when standing on foam and in percentage of stance stride time variability were found immediately after exercise compared with immediately after rest.

Conclusions:
This study lends further evidence that individuals with MS can safely engage in single bouts of aerobic exercise without detrimental short-term effects on function and may actually receive some short-term benefit regarding standing postural sway and gait variability. Future research should examine the dose-dependent relationship of varying types, intensities, or timing of exercise necessary to elicit short-term functional benefit and long-term health outcomes.
Optimal virtual monoenergetic image in “TwinBeam” dual‐energy CT for organs‐at‐risk delineation based on contrast‐noise‐ratio in head‐and‐neck radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Tonghe , Ghavidel Beth Bradshaw , Beitler Jonathan J. , Tang Xiangyang , Lei Yang , Curran Walter J. , Liu Tian , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeDual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) using TwinBeam CT (TBCT) is a new option for radiation oncology simulators. TBCT scanning provides virtual monoenergetic images which are attractive in treatment planning since lower energies offer better contrast for soft tissues, and higher energies reduce noise. A protocol is needed to achieve optimal performance of this feature. In this study, we investigated the TBCT scan schema with the head‐and‐neck radiotherapy workflow at our clinic and selected the optimal energy with best contrast‐noise‐ratio (CNR) in organs‐at‐risks (OARs) delineation for head‐and‐neck treatment planning.Methods and materialsWe synthesized monochromatic images from 40 keV to 190 keV at 5 keV increments from data acquired by TBCT. We collected the Hounsfield unit (HU) numbers of OARs (brainstem, mandible, spinal cord, and parotid glands), the HU numbers of marginal regions outside OARs, and the noise levels for each monochromatic image. We then calculated the CNR for the different OARs at each energy level to generate a serial of spectral curves for each OAR. Based on these spectral curves of CNR, the mono‐energy corresponding to the max CNR was identified for each OAR of each patient.ResultsComputed tomography scans of ten patients by TBCT were used to test the optimal monoenergetic image for the CNR of OAR. Based on the maximized CNR, the optimal energy values were 78.5 ± 5.3 keV for the brainstem, 78.0 ± 4.2 keV for the mandible, 78.5 ± 5.7 keV for the parotid glands, and 78.5 ± 5.3 keV for the spinal cord. Overall, the optimal energy for the maximum CNR of these OARs in head‐and‐neck cancer patients was 80 keV.ConclusionWe have proposed a clinically feasible protocol that selects the optimal energy level of the virtual monoenergetic image in TBCT for OAR delineation based on the CNR in head‐and‐neck OAR. This protocol can be applied in TBCT simulation.
A Foreign Body Response‐on‐a‐Chip Platform
Authors: Sharifi Fatemeh , Htwe Su Su , Righi Martina , Liu Hua , Pietralunga Anna , Yesil‐Celiktas Ozlem , Maharjan Sushila , Cha Byung‐Hyun , Shin Su Ryon , Dokmeci Mehmet Remzi , Vrana Nihal Engin , Ghaemmaghami Amir M. , Khademhosseini Ali , Zhang Yu Shrike 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the foreign body response (FBR) and desiging strategies to modulate such a response represent a grand challenge for implant devices and biomaterials. Here, the development of a microfluidic platform is reported, i.e., the FBR‐on‐a‐chip (FBROC) for modeling the cascade of events during immune cell response to implants. The platform models the native implant microenvironment where the implants are interfaced directly with surrounding tissues, as well as vasculature with circulating immune cells. The study demonstrates that the release of cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) from the extracellular matrix (ECM)‐like hydrogels in the bottom tissue chamber induces trans‐endothelial migration of circulating monocytes in the vascular channel toward the hydrogels, thus mimicking implant‐induced inflammation. Data using patient‐derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells further reveal inter‐patient differences in FBR, highlighting the potential of this platform for monitoring FBR in a personalized manner. The prototype FBROC platform provides an enabling strategy to interrogate FBR on various implants, including biomaterials and engineered tissue constructs, in a physiologically relevant and individual‐specific manner.
Reversible Ion‐Conducting Switch in a Novel Single‐Ion Supramolecular Hydrogel Enabled by Photoresponsive Host–Guest Molecular Recognition
Authors: Wang Hu , Zhu Chao Nan , Zeng Hong , Ji Xiaofan , Xie Tao , Yan Xuzhou , Wu Zi Liang , Huang Feihe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA novel ion‐conducting supramolecular hydrogel with reversible photoconductive properties in which the azobenzene motif, α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD), and ionic liquid are grafted onto the gel matrix is reported. Host–guest interactions with different association constants between α‐CD and azobenzene or the anionic part of the ionic liquid can be readily tuned by photoinduced trans–cis isomerization of the azobenzene unit. When irradiated by 365 nm light, α‐CD prefers to form a complex with the anionic part of the ionic liquid, resulting in decreased ionic mobility and thus high resistance of the hydrogel. However, under 420 nm light irradiation, a more stable complex is again formed between α‐CD and trans‐azobenzene, thereby releasing the bound anions to regenerate the low‐resistive hydrogel. As such, remote control of the ionic conductivity of the hydrogel is realized by simple host–guest chemistry. With the incorporation of a logic gate, this hydrogel is able to reversibly switch an electric circuit on and off by light irradiation with certain wavelengths. The concept of photoswitchable ionic conductivity of a hydrogel mediated by competitive molecular recognition is potentially promising toward the fabrication of optoelectronic devices and applications in bioelectronic technology.
A Natural Stress Deflector on the Head? Mechanical and Functional Evaluation of the Woodpecker Skull Bones
Authors: Jung Jae‐Young , Pissarenko Andrei , Trikanad Adwait A. , Restrepo David , Su Frances Y. , Marquez Andrew , Gonzalez Damian , Naleway Steven E. , Zavattieri Pablo , McKittrick Joanna 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe brain is one of the most important and complicated organs, but it is delicate and therefore needs to be protected from external forces. This makes the pecking behavior of the Woodpecker so impressive, as they are not known to sustain any brain injury due to their anatomical adaptations (a specialized beak, skull bone, and hyoid bone). However, the relationship between the morphology of the woodpecker head and its mechanical function against damage from daily pecking habits remains an open question. Aided by recent technical advancements, these questions can be explored by applying new materials science concepts of bioinspiration and bioexploration to identify adapted structures/materials in a design that results from millions of years of evolution. Two main features, including the beam‐like bar structure of the jugal bone acting as a main stress deflector and the high natural frequency of the skull bone of woodpeckers can teach two lessons for potential materials development as well as engineering applications: protection of a delicate internal organ occurs by redirection of the main stress pathway and a large mismatch of the natural frequencies between the skull and brain avoids resonance and reduces the overall load experienced by the brain.
Deep Learning Spectroscopy: Neural Networks for Molecular Excitation Spectra
Authors: Ghosh Kunal , Stuke Annika , Todorović Milica , Jørgensen Peter Bjørn , Schmidt Mikkel N. , Vehtari Aki , Rinke Patrick 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDeep learning methods for the prediction of molecular excitation spectra are presented. For the example of the electronic density of states of 132k organic molecules, three different neural network architectures: multilayer perceptron (MLP), convolutional neural network (CNN), and deep tensor neural network (DTNN) are trained and assessed. The inputs for the neural networks are the coordinates and charges of the constituent atoms of each molecule. Already, the MLP is able to learn spectra, but the root mean square error (RMSE) is still as high as 0.3 eV. The learning quality improves significantly for the CNN (RMSE = 0.23 eV) and reaches its best performance for the DTNN (RMSE = 0.19 eV). Both CNN and DTNN capture even small nuances in the spectral shape. In a showcase application of this method, the structures of 10k previously unseen organic molecules are scanned and instant spectra predictions are obtained to identify molecules for potential applications.
Improvement of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Japanese obese patients
Authors: Endo Yuichi , Ohta Masayuki , Tada Kazuhiro , Nakanuma Hiroaki , Saga Kunihiro , Masuda Takashi , Hirashita Teijiro , Iwashita Yukio , Ozeki Yoshinori , Masaki Takayuki , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) using computed tomography (CT) images.MethodsWe analyzed data from 57 patients who underwent LSG and had CTs performed before and after surgery. The patients included 34 women and 23 men (with an average age of 43 years); their mean preoperative weight and body mass index were 120 kg and 46 kg/m2, respectively. Obesity‐related health disorders included type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in 33 patients, hypertension in 33 and dyslipidemia in 32. We diagnosed NAFLD in cases with liver to spleen ratios (L/S ratio) <0.9 on non‐contrast CT images. We evaluated changes in body weights, BMIs, comorbidities, metabolic parameters, L/S ratios, and liver volumes after surgery.ResultsThe mean interval between CT scans before and after surgery was 26 months. The total weight loss and % excess weight loss were 35 kg and 72%, respectively. The remission rates for T2DM, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were 85%, 76% and 84%, respectively. After LSG, the L/S ratio increased in all the patients, while all except for one had L/S ratio >0.9. We diagnosed 33 out of 57 patients (58%) as having NAFLD before the operation. After the operation, the L/S ratios and liver volumes were not statistically different between the patients with previous NAFLD and those without it.ConclusionLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is an effective treatment for obesity‐related health disorders including NAFLD in Japanese obese patients.
Youth Risk and Mentoring Relationship Quality: The Moderating Effect of Program Experiences
Authors: Weiler Lindsey M. , Boat Ashley A. , Haddock Shelley A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBecause program experiences are more amendable than mentor or mentee characteristics, they may be important factors to consider in buffering the negative impact of youth risk on the quality of the mentor–mentee bond. Data from 455 mentees (ages 11–18; 57% male) and their undergraduate student mentors (82.3% female) from the Campus Connections mentoring program were used to assess whether youth risk and mentors’ program experiences (i.e., program structure, supportive relationships with staff, opportunities for skill building, support for efficacy and mattering, and opportunities to belong) were associated with mentoring relationship quality and whether mentors’ experience within the program moderated the association between youth risk and mentoring relationship quality. Results indicated that environmental, but not individual, risk was negatively associated with relationship quality. Mentors’ experiences with the program were positively associated with mentoring relationship quality, and in many cases, above and beyond youth level of risk. Finally, mentors’ perception of program structure, supportive relationships, and opportunities for skill building attenuated the negative relationship between environmental, but not individual, risk and relationship quality. Mentors’ experiences of program support for efficacy and mattering and opportunities to belong were not significant moderators in any model. Implications for programs and future research directions are presented.
Sustained high levels of physical activity lead to improved performance among “Race Across the USA” athletes
Authors: Ocobock Cara , Overbeck Aaron , Carlson Clare , Royer Chris , Mervenne Alexander , Thurber Caitlin , Dugas Lara R. , Carlson Bryce , Pontzer Herman 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate physiological and performance adaptations associated with extremely high daily sustained physical activity levels, we followed six runners participating in the 2015 Race Across the USA. Participants completed over 42.2 km a day for 140 days, covering nearly 5,000 km. This analysis examines the improvement in running speed and potential adaptation in mean submaximal heart rate (SHR) throughout the race.MethodsData were collected during three 1‐week long periods corresponding to the race beginning, middle, and end and included heart rates (HRs), body mass, running distances and speeds. HR data were collected using ActiTrainer HR monitors. Running speeds and distances were also recorded throughout the entire race.ResultsAthletes ran significantly faster as the race progressed (p < .001), reducing their mean marathon time by over 63 min. Observed mean SHR during the middle of the race was significantly lower than at the beginning (p = .003); however, there was no significant difference between mean SHR at the middle and end of the race (p = .998).ConclusionThese results indicate an early training effect in SHR during the first half of the race, which suggests that other physiological and biomechanical mechanisms were responsible for the continued improvement in running speed and adaptation to the high levels of sustained physical activity.
Diagnodent and VistaCam may be unsuitable for the evaluation of dental caries in archeological teeth
Authors: Dąbrowski Paweł , Grzelak Joanna , Kulus Michał , Staniowski Tomasz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to compare the usefulness of fluorescence‐based caries detection systems (Diagnodent and VistaCam) for the assessment of carious lesions on archeological molars.Materials and methodsThe study material consisted of teeth from the Cemetery of St. Mary Magdalene (Cmentarz św. Marii Magdaleny) in Wrocław, Poland. A sample of 178 permanent molars from 38 skulls were examined. Five surfaces of teeth (occlusal, mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual) were assessed on either basically cleaned or sandblasted teeth.Six diagnostic methods were used to detect carious lesions: the visual classification of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II), fluorescent methods (Diagnodent and VistaCam), X‐ray, cone beam computed tomography and histological sections. The sensitivity and specificity of the methods were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the correlation between the severity of dental caries and the readouts obtained with each method.ResultsIn most cases, Diagnodent and VistaCam yielded unsatisfactory specificity and sensitivity values. The area under curve (AUC) values in ROC curves for Diagnodent and Vistacam were lower than the AUC values obtained for the ICDAS II visual classification.ConclusionsAccording to our results, in the case of archeological teeth, neither Diagnodent nor VistaCam can be regarded as a better diagnostic method than the ICDAS II visual classification of caries.
Ferrocene‐Linkage‐Facilitated Charge Separation in Conjugated Microporous Polymers
Authors: Ma Li , Liu Yilin , Liu Yi , Jiang Shuyi , Li Ping , Hao Yuchen , Shao Pengpeng , Yin Anxiang , Feng Xiao , Wang Bo 
Published: January 2019

AbstractConjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have full access to the organic synthesis toolbox and feature‐rich functionality, structural diversity, and high surface area. We incorporated ferrocene (Fc) into the backbones of CMPs and systematically engineered their optical energy gaps. Compared with the CMPs without Fc units yet adopting a similar molecular orbital level, Fc‐based CMPs can sufficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under visible light. The resultant ROS are able to effectively decompose the absorbed pollutants, including organic dyes and chemical warfare agents. Specifically, Fc‐based CMPs significantly outperform commercial TiO2 (P25) in the degradation of methylene blue and are capable of converting 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (a mustard gas simulant) into a completely nontoxic product.
Aminopolyols from Carbohydrates: Amination of Sugars and Sugar‐Derived Tetrahydrofurans with Transaminases
Authors: Subrizi Fabiana , Benhamou Laure , Ward John M. , Sheppard Tom D. , Hailes Helen C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCarbohydrates are the major component of biomass and have unique potential as a sustainable source of building blocks for chemicals, materials, and biofuels because of their low cost, ready availability, and stereochemical diversity. With a view to upgrading carbohydrates to access valuable nitrogen‐containing sugar‐like compounds such as aminopolyols, biocatalytic aminations using transaminase enzymes (TAms) have been investigated as a sustainable alternative to traditional synthetic strategies. Demonstrated here is the reaction of TAms with sugar‐derived tetrahydrofuran (THF) aldehydes, obtained from the regioselective dehydration of biomass‐derived sugars, to provide access to cyclic aminodiols in high yields. In a preliminary study we have also established the direct transamination of sugars to give acyclic aminopolyols. Notably, the reaction of the ketose d‐fructose proceeds with complete stereoselectivity to yield valuable aminosugars in high purity.
A Scalable Total Synthesis of the Antitumor Agents Et‐743 and Lurbinectedin
Authors: He Weiming , Zhang Zhigao , Ma Dawei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn efficient and scalable approach is described for the total synthesis of the marine natural product Et‐743 and its derivative lubinectedin, which are valuable antitumor compounds. The method delivers 1.6 % overall yield in 26 total steps from Cbz‐protected (S)‐tyrosine. It features the use of a common advanced intermediate to create the right and left parts of these compounds, and a light‐mediated remote C−H bond activation to assemble a benzo[1,3]dioxole‐containing intermediate.