bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taming the frame problem: an automated approach for robust UML class diagram specification and verification
Authors: Rosales Viesca Antonio , Al Lail Mustafa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIt is vital to have precise specifications and verification of UML class diagrams to ensure the correctness of complex software systems. However, current specification and verification methods often face a challenge known as the frame problem. This problem occurs due to incomplete operation specifications that can lead to unintended system behavior. To tackle this issue, we have developed an automated solution to autonomously identify and define frame conditions, effectively minimizing the frame problem’s impact on class diagram verification. Frame conditions are explicit contracts that meticulously outline the permissible effects of operations within the system. Our approach carefully analyzes the behavioral blueprint of a class diagram and extracts crucial information to create these conditions. Through rigorous evaluations encompassing diverse UML diagrams and simulated execution scenarios, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in preventing unintended system behavior caused by the frame problem. We have integrated the approach into the Temporal Property Validator tool, empowering practitioners to leverage its benefits for practical class diagram specification and verification.
Performing Legality: When and Why Chinese Government Leaders Show Up in Court
Authors: Stern Rachel E. , Kim Jieun , Liebman Benjamin L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract Since 2015, Chinese government leaders have been required by law to appear in court when citizens sue their unit or to designate an employee to take their place. We frame this policy as a demand on leaders to “perform legality,” sacrificing their time to demonstrate how seriously the government takes legal proceedings. Drawing on an original dataset of 127,529 administrative lawsuits decided between 2015 and 2018, we investigate how often government leaders appear in Chinese courtrooms, and for which kinds of cases. Overall, leaders attended 24.72% of hearings. Contrary to the State Council's instructions to prioritize attendance in lawsuits that may spiral into protest or draw public attention, leaders are no more likely to attend cases involving multiple plaintiffs or repeat litigants. Instead, they appear more often in cases where plaintiffs are represented by lawyers. These findings demonstrate that leaders tend to sidestep the most contentious cases in the legal system, complicating the conventional wisdom that stability maintenance is the overriding concern driving officials’ behavior. Yet despite leaders’ conflict avoidance, China has continued to ask leaders to personally appear in court in contentious cases. This policy is unusual in comparative perspective, and highlights the key role played by courts in General Secretary Xi Jinping’s drive to re-train the bureaucracy to take law more seriously.
A Phase 1/2 study of teclistamab, a humanized BCMA × CD3 bispecific Ab in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory MM
Authors: Ishida Tadao , Kuroda Yoshiaki , Matsue Kosei , Komeno Takuya , Ishiguro Takuro , Ishikawa Jun , Ito Toshiro , Kosugi Hiroshi , Sunami Kazutaka , Nishikawa Kazuko , Shibayama Kazuhiro , Aida Kensuke , Yamazaki Hiroshi , Inagaki Mitsuo , Kobayashi Hisanori , Iida Shinsuke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We characterized the safety and efficacy of the bispecific antibody teclistamab in Japanese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Patients were pretreated with a proteasome inhibitor (PI), immunomodulatory drug (IMiD), and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The primary endpoint was frequency and type of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in phase 1, and overall response rate (ORR; ≥ partial response [PR]) in phase 2. In phase 1, 14 patients received once-weekly (QW) subcutaneous teclistamab (0.72 mg/kg [n = 5]; 1.5 mg/kg [n = 5]; 3 mg/kg [n = 4]). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. As of April 2024, 26 phase-2 patients received the recommended phase-2 dose (QW) (RP2D: 1.5 mg/kg) of teclistamab. Biweekly (Q2W) dosing was allowed after maintaining response for ≥ 6 months. At a median follow-up of 14.32 months, ORR was 76.9% (≥ very good PR: 76.9%; ≥ complete response: 65.4%). Median duration of response, progression-free survival, and overall survival were not reached. Common TEAEs included CRS (grade ≤ 2), neutropenia, and infections. No patient had immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and dose reductions. Teclistamab demonstrated deep and durable responses in Japanese patients with RRMM, consistent with the global pivotal MajesTEC-1 study, supporting the potential for a new standard of care for Japanese RRMM patients.
Degree-based function index of trees and unicyclic graphs
Authors: Vetrík Tomáš 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe use functions of two variables satisfying certain conditions to obtain graphs having the smallest value of the degree-based function index among trees and unicyclic graphs with given number of vertices. We show that those extremal results on trees and unicyclic graphs hold for many general degree-based indices such as the general reduced second Zagreb index $$GRM_{a}$$

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, general Randić index $$R_{a}$$

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, general Z-type index $$Z_{a,b}$$

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, general Sombor index $$SO_{a,b}$$

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and one other generalization $$M_{a,b}$$

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. In the study of the maximum value for degree-based indices of trees with given number of vertices, we cover general indices such as $$SO_{a,b}$$

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Development of a microhaplotype panel for steelhead/rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and application for phylogenetic analysis in California
Authors: Le Gall Ronan , Barthelemy Noé , Clemento Anthony J. , Columbus Cassondra D. , Campbell Ellen , Correa Elena C. A. , Rodzen Jeff A. , Garza John Carlos , Pearse Devon E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAdvances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatic data processing have prompted a transition in wildlife and fisheries genetics from the use of allozymes, mtDNA, or microsatellites towards markers that are more amenable to genotyping by sequencing, increasing the amount of data obtained for a lower cost with less time-consuming techniques. Microhaplotypes are novel multi-allelic genetic markers that utilize a high-throughput genomic amplicon sequencing approach to genotype large numbers of individuals for parentage and kinship analysis and population genetic studies, including applications in monitoring and fisheries management. We describe the development of a panel of microhaplotypes for Oncorhynchus mykiss, a species of high cultural and economic importance throughout its native range and globally through introductions for aquaculture and due to its reputation as a prized sport fish among recreational fishers. The panel includes 124 loci presumed to be neutral, a marker for the sex determination locus (SdY), and 10 loci targeting previously identified adaptive genomic variants associated with important life-history traits in this species. We demonstrate that this panel provides high resolution for phylogeographic and other genetic analysis and on initial standardized reference population genetic baseline of California O. mykiss.
Clustering in nuclei: progress and perspectives
Authors: Wei Kang , Ye Yan-Lin , Yang Zai-Hong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNucleus is essentially composed of protons and neutrons, which are commonly known as nucleons. Interestingly, some of nucleons may group together and exhibit collective behavior inside a nucleus. Such clustering effects have been known since the early stages of nuclear physics because of the observation and description of α-cluster decay from many heavy nuclei. Subsequent studies demonstrated that cluster structures exist in many nuclear systems, especially in weakly bound or excited states, and are complementary to the shell-like structures. In this review article, we provide a brief historical recall of the field, and follow it with a conceptual and logical description of the major theoretical models that have been frequently applied in the literature to describe nuclear clustering. Experimental methods and progress are outlined, recent outcomes are emphasized, and perspectives relevant to future studies of heavy neutron-rich systems are discussed.
Effect of double-duty interventions on double burden of malnutrition among adolescents in Debre Berhan Regiopolitan City, Ethiopia: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Getacher Lemma , Ademe Beyene Wondafrash , Belachew Tefera 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Combating the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) in adolescents is a critical public health challenge in low-income countries like Ethiopia. However, past efforts have lacked focus and exhibited diverse governance strategies. Therefore, this study assesses the effect of selected double-duty interventions (DDIs) on DBM among adolescents in Central Ethiopia. The DBM status (thinness, normal, overweight/obesity) was determined using WHO AnthroPlus software. A two-arm parallel cluster randomised controlled trial was used among 708 adolescents (356 for the intervention group [IG] and 352 for the control group [CG]) from 13 October 2022 to 30 June 2023. The intervention’s effect was analysed through difference-in-difference (DID) analysis and a multivariable multinomial generalised estimating equation (GEE) model with significance set at P < 0.05. The overall DBM prevalence decreased by nearly 7% (4.7% for thinness, 2.2% for overweight/obesity) in the DID analysis. After adjusting for possible confounders, the GEE model indicated that adolescents in the IG were 34% less likely to have higher DBM than those in the CG (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI [0.46, 0.94]). Additionally, the probability of DBM decreased by 59% at the end line compared to baseline measurements (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI [0.03, 0.92]). Adolescents in the category of time and IG interaction were 44% less likely to have increased DBM (AOR = 0.56, 95% [CI 0.02, 0.38]). Thus, this study underscores the effectiveness of selected DDIs in addressing DBM among adolescents using a health belief model. These results advocate for the integration of DDI strategies into existing nutrition guidelines, programmes, and policies.
The trial was registered prospectively in ClinicalTrials.gov with registration number NCT05574842.
Geometric error modeling and source error identification methodology for a serial–parallel hybrid kinematic machining unit with five axis
Authors: Shen Yifeng , Tang Tengfei , Ye Wei , Zhang Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To meet the high-precision positioning requirements for hybrid machining units, this article presents a geometric error modeling and source error identification methodology for a serial–parallel hybrid kinematic machining unit (HKMU) with five axis. A minimal kinematic error modeling of the serial–parallel HKMU is established with screw-based method after elimination of redundant errors. A set of composite error indices is formulated to describe the terminal accuracy distribution characteristics in a quantitative manner. A modified projection method is proposed to determine the actual compensable and noncompensable source errors of the HKMU by identifying such transformable source errors. Based on this, the error compensation and comparison analysis are carried out on the exemplary HKMU to numerically verify the effectiveness of the proposed modified projection method. The geometric error evaluations reveal that the parallel module has a larger impacts on the terminal accuracy of the platform of the HKMU than the serial module. The error compensation results manifest that the modified projection method can find additional compensable source errors and significantly reduce the average and maximum values of geometric errors of the HKMU. Hence, the proposed methodology can be applied to improve the accuracy of kinematic calibration of the compensable source errors and can reduce the difficulty and workload of tolerance design for noncompensable source errors of such serial–parallel hybrid mechanism.
Predicting Unpaid Care Work in India Using Random Forest: An Analysis of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors
Authors: Tripathi Saumya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Given the complexity of unpaid care work in the Indian context, this study employs advanced machine learning techniques to unveil hidden patterns within the 2019 time-use survey dataset. The study pursues a dual objective: (1) assessing the superior predictive capability of machine learning over traditional statistical methods in estimating unpaid care work time, and (2) unveiling the sociodemographic determinants of extended unpaid care work durations. The results emphasise the exceptional predictive performance of machine learning, notably the random forest analysis, with a noteworthy 9 per cent improvement in forecast accuracy. Key determinants influencing unpaid care work time encompass gender, employment status, marital situation, and age. Findings underscore the heightened vulnerability of young married women without employment, who face amplified unpaid care work demands, exacerbating related challenges and risks. It further highlights the country’s imperative for a comprehensive care framework to mitigate caregiving constraints hindering women’s equitable participation in evolving economic paradigms.
Designs, developments, challenges, and fabrication materials for MIMO antennas with various 5G and 6G applications: a review
Authors: Muttair Karrar Shakir , Shareef Oras Ahmed , Taher Hazeem Baqir 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rapid expansion of digital media platforms and their growing user base in the wireless industry necessitate communication systems to provide information at high speeds with reliable connections. Therefore, wireless communication systems with a single antenna cannot accomplish these requirements. Consequently, the access and utilization of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antennas are becoming more common in contemporary high-speed transmission systems. This article covers the fundamentals of MIMO antenna operation, the metrics for MIMO antenna performance parameters, and the design methodologies for specifying the three most commonly used antennas (two-port, quad-port, and eight-port). Additionally, it discusses their ability to improve channel capacity significantly. It focuses on designing MIMO antennas with ultra-wideband (UWB) for 5G systems operating between 1 and 27 GHz and millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands from 30 to 100 GHz. This article is valuable for researchers interested in developing MIMO antennas for diverse applications. It compiles advanced methods related to materials, advancements, challenges, and state-of-the-art technologies used in the design of high-performance MIMO antennas. We concluded that antennas that operate at mmWave frequencies have small dimensions and suffer from isolation problems in the MIMO formation. In contrast, antennas operating below 6 GHz are large and do not suffer from isolation problems.
Quantifying Global Hydrological Sensitivity to CO2 Physiological and Radiative Forcings Under Large CO2 Increases
Authors: Zhang Xuanze , Zhang Yongqiang , Wang Ying‐Ping , Tang Qiuhong , Ban Yunyun , Ren Chanyue , Letu Husi , Shi Jiancheng , Liu Changming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPrediction of surface freshwater flux (precipitation or evaporation) in a CO2‐enriched climate is highly uncertain, primarily depending on the hydrological responses to physiological and radiative forcings of CO2 increase. Using the 1pctCO2 (a 1% per year CO2 increase scenario) experiments of 12 CMIP6 models, we first decouple and quantify the magnitude of global hydrological sensitivity to CO2 physiological and radiative forcings. Results show that the direct global hydrological sensitivity (for land plus ocean precipitation) to CO2 increase only is −0.09 ± 0.07% (100 ppm) −1 and to CO2‐induced warming alone is 1.54 ± 0.24% K−1. The latter is about 10% larger than the global apparent hydrological sensitivity (i.e., including all effects, not only direct responses to warming, = 1.39 ± 0.22% K−1). These hydrological sensitivities are relatively stable over transient 2× to 4 × CO2 scenario. The intensification of the global water cycle are dominated by the CO2 radiative effect (79 ± 12%) with a smaller positive contribution from the interaction between the two effects (6 ± 12%), but are reduced by the CO2 physiological effect (−10 ± 8%). This finding underlines the importance of CO2 vegetation physiology in global water cycle projections under a CO2‐enriched and warming climate.
A decade of public engagement regarding human germline gene editing: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Geuverink Wendy P. , Houtman Diewertje , Retel Helmrich Isabel R. A. , Kist Joosje D. , Henneman Lidewij , Cornel Martina C. , Riedijk Sam R. ,   ‘The DNA dialogues’ Consortium
Published: November 2024

AbstractFollowing the discovery of the CRISPR-Cas technology in 2012, there has been a growing global call for public engagement regarding the potential use of human germline gene editing (HGGE). In this systematic scoping review, we aim to evaluate public engagement studies considering the following questions based on three points of attention: 1) Inclusion of underrepresented groups: who have been engaged? 2) Gathering values: what output has been reported? 3) Reaching societal impact: what objectives of public engagement have been reported? A systematic literature search from 2012 to 2023 identified 3464 articles reporting on public engagement studies regarding HGGE retrieved from 12 databases. After screening, 52 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, resulting in 36 articles that cover 31 public engagement studies. We conclude that co-created efforts are needed to engage underrepresented groups as well as to yield values rather than acceptance levels, and to concretise how engagement might result in societal impact.
The genetic origins of species boundaries at subtropical and temperate ecoregions in the North American racers (Coluber constrictor)
Authors: Burbrink Frank T. , Myers Edward A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Phylogeographically structured lineages are a common outcome of range-wide population genetic studies. In the southeastern United States, disconnection between populations found at the intersection of the southeastern coastal plains of peninsular Florida and the southeastern plains of the adjacent continent is readily apparent among many plants and animals. However, the timing and maintenance of species boundaries between these distinctly different subtropical and temperate regions remains unknown for all organisms studied there. Using genome-scale data, we examine the timing of origins, gene flow, and the movement of genes under selection in unique ecoregions within the North American racers (Coluber constrictor). Isolation-migration models along with tests of genome-wide selection, locus-environment associations, and spatial and genomic clines demonstrate that two unrecognized species are present and are in contact at the boundary of these two ecoregions. We show that selection at several loci associated with unique environments have maintained species boundaries despite constant levels of gene flow between these lineages over thousands of generations. This research provides a new avenue of research to examine speciation processes in poorly studied biodiversity hotspots.
A massively parallel reporter assay library to screen short synthetic promoters in mammalian cells
Authors: Zahm Adam M. , Owens William S. , Himes Samuel R. , Fallon Braden S. , Rondem Kathleen E. , Gormick Alexa N. , Bloom Joshua S. , Kosuri Sriram , Chan Henry , English Justin G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCellular responses to stimuli underpin discoveries in drug development, synthetic biology, and general life sciences. We introduce a library comprising 6144 synthetic promoters, each shorter than 250 bp, designed as transcriptional readouts of cellular stimulus responses in massively parallel reporter assay format. This library facilitates precise detection and amplification of transcriptional activity from our promoters, enabling the systematic development of tunable reporters with dynamic ranges of 50−100 fold. Our library proved functional in numerous cell lines and responsive to a variety of stimuli, including metabolites, mitogens, toxins, and pharmaceutical agents, generating robust and scalable reporters effective in screening assays, biomarkers, and synthetic circuits attuned to endogenous cellular activities. Particularly valuable in therapeutic development, our library excels in capturing candidate reporters to signals mediated by drug targets, a feature we illustrate across nine diverse G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), critical targets in drug development. We detail how this tool isolates and defines discrete signaling pathways associated with specific GPCRs, elucidating their transcriptional signatures. With its ease of implementation, broad utility, publicly available data, and comprehensive documentation, our library will be beneficial in synthetic biology, cellular engineering, ligand exploration, and drug development.
A proteome-wide quantitative platform for nanoscale spatially resolved extraction of membrane proteins into native nanodiscs
Authors: Brown Caroline , Ghosh Snehasish , McAllister Rachel , Kumar Mukesh , Walker Gerard , Sun Eric , Aman Talat , Panda Aniruddha , Kumar Shailesh , Li Wenxue , Coleman Jeff , Liu Yansheng , Rothman James E. , Bhattacharyya Moitrayee , Gupta Kallol 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The native membrane environment profoundly influences every aspect of membrane protein (MP) biology. Despite this, the most prevalent method of studying MPs uses detergents to disrupt and remove this vital membrane context, impeding our ability to decipher the local molecular context and its effect. Here we develop a membrane proteome-wide platform that enables rapid spatially resolved extraction of target MPs directly from cellular membranes into native nanodiscs that maintain the local membrane context, using a library of membrane-active polymers. We accompany this with an open-access database that quantifies the polymer-specific extraction efficiency for 2,065 unique mammalian MPs and provides the most optimized extraction condition for each. To validate, we demonstrate how this resource can enable rapid extraction and purification of target MPs from different organellar membranes with high efficiency and purity. Further, we show how the database can be extended to capture overexpressed multiprotein complexes by taking two synaptic vesicle MPs. We expect these publicly available resources to empower researchers across disciplines to efficiently capture membrane ‘nano-scoops’ containing a target MP and interface with structural, functional and bioanalytical approaches.