bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitating access to iCBT: a randomized controlled trial assessing a translated version of an empirically validated program using a minimally monitored delivery model
Authors: Robichaud Miguel , Talbot France , Titov Nickolai , Dear Blake F. , Hadjistavropoulos Heather D. , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas , Jbilou Jalila 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground:Despite its established efficacy, access to internet-delivered CBT (iCBT) remains limited in a number of countries. Translating existing programs and using a minimally monitored model of delivery may facilitate its dissemination across countries.Aims:This randomized control trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of an iCBT transdiagnostic program translated from English to French and offered in Canada using a minimally monitored delivery model for the treatment of anxiety and depression.Method:Sixty-three French speakers recruited in Canada were randomized to iCBT or a waiting-list. A French translation of an established program, the Wellbeing Course, was offered over 8 weeks using a minimally monitored delivery model. Primary outcome measures were the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which were obtained pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up.Results:Mixed-effects models revealed that participants in the treatment group had significantly lower PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores post-treatment than controls with small between-groups effect sizes (d = 0.34 and 0.37, respectively). Within-group effect sizes on primary outcome measures were larger in the treatment than control group. Clinical recovery rates on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were significantly higher among the treatment group (40 and 56%, respectively) than the controls (13 and 16%, respectively).Conclusions:The provision of a translated iCBT program using a minimally monitored delivery model may improve patients’ access to treatment of anxiety and depression across countries. This may be an optimal first step in improving access to iCBT before sufficient resources can be secured to implement a wider range of iCBT services.
Is Geology Scaling?
Authors: Dimri V.P. , Srivastava R.P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractConcept of fractals and power law in statistical and geometrical data sets is rather matured. However, the application part of the fractal theory is not yet commensurate with the theoretical literature available. In this invited review, we take a dig at the range of data sets to demonstrate their fractal/scaling behavior for instance well logs and geological features such as fractures, which exhibit scaling behavior. The range of topics discussed in this paper are based on the concept that physical and geometrical property of the Earth follows scaling behavior. Based on the observations and available research we aim to address the question “Is geology scaling?” Further, we elaborate on one of the applications of fractal concepts in designing an operator for the colored inversion of seismic data, which is very efficient, and does not need a background model to do the seismic inversion in contrast to classical seismic inversion methods.
“Measures of Dissipation in Viscoelastic Media” Extended: Toward Continuous Characterization Across Very Broad Geophysical Time Scales
Authors: Lau Harriet C. P. , Holtzman Benjamin K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe develop a conceptual/quantitative framework whereby measurements of Earth's viscoelasticity may be assessed across the broad range of geophysical processes, spanning seismic wave propagation, postseismic relaxation, glacial isostatic adjustment, and mantle convection. Doing so requires overcoming three challenges: (A) separating spatial variations from intrinsic frequency dependence in mechanical properties; (B) reconciling different conceptual and constitutive viscoelastic models used to interpret observations at different frequencies; and (C) improving understanding of linear and nonlinear transient deformation mechanisms and their extrapolation from laboratory to earth conditions. We focus on (B), first demonstrating how different mechanical models lead to incompatible viscosity estimates from observations. We propose the determination of the “complex viscosity”—a frequency‐dependent parameter complementary to other measures of dissipation (including frequency‐dependent moduli and attenuation)—from such observations to reveal a single underlying broadband mechanical model. The complex viscosity illuminates transient creep in the vicinity of the Maxwell time, where most ambiguity lies.
Hurricanes Enhance Labile Carbon Export to the Deep Ocean
Authors: Pedrosa‐Pàmies R. , Conte M. H. , Weber J. C. , Johnson R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTropical cyclones (hurricanes) generate intense surface ocean cooling and vertical mixing resulting in nutrient upwelling into the photic zone and episodic phytoplankton blooms. However, their influence on the deep ocean remains unknown. Here we present evidence that hurricanes also impact the ocean's biological pump by enhancing export of labile organic material to the deep ocean. In October 2016, Category 3 Hurricane Nicole passed over the Bermuda Time Series site in the oligotrophic NW Atlantic Ocean. Following Nicole's passage, particulate fluxes of lipids diagnostic of fresh phytodetritus, zooplankton, and microbial biomass increased by 30–300% at 1,500 m depth and 30–800% at 3,200 m depth. Mesopelagic suspended particles following Nicole were also enriched in phytodetrital material and in zooplankton and bacteria lipids, indicating particle disaggregation and a deepwater ecosystem response. Predicted climate‐induced increases in hurricane frequency and/or intensity may significantly alter ocean biogeochemical cycles by increasing the strength of the biological pump.
Enhancing Skill of Initialized Decadal Predictions Using a Dynamic Model of Drift
Authors: Nadiga Balasubramanya T. , Verma Tarun , Weijer Wilbert , Urban Nathan M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince near‐term predictions of present‐day climate are controlled by both initial condition predictability and boundary condition predictability, initialized prediction experiments aim to augment the external‐forcing‐related predictability realized in uninitialized projections with initial‐condition‐related predictability by appropriate observation‐based initialization. However, and notwithstanding the considerable effort expended in finding such “good” initial states, a striking feature of current, state‐of‐the‐art, initialized decadal hindcasts is their tendency to quickly drift away from the initialized state, with attendant loss of skill. We derive a dynamical model for such drift, and after validating it we show that including a recalibrated version of the model in a postprocessing framework is able to significantly augment the skill of initialized predictions beyond that achieved by a use of current techniques of postprocessing alone. We also show that the new methodology provides further crucial insights into issues related to initialized predictions.
Water Concentration in Single‐Crystal (Al,Fe)‐Bearing Bridgmanite Grown From the Hydrous Melt: Implications for Dehydration Melting at the Topmost Lower Mantle
Authors: Fu Suyu , Yang Jing , Karato Shun‐ichiro , Vasiliev Alexander , Presniakov Mikhail Yu. , Gavriliuk Alexander G. , Ivanova Anna G. , Hauri Erik H. , Okuchi Takuo , Purevjav Narangoo , Lin Jung‐Fu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHigh‐quality single‐crystals of (Al,Fe)‐bearing bridgmanite, Mg0.88 Fe3+0.065Fe2+0.035Al0.14Si0.90O3, of hundreds of micrometer size were synthesized at 24 GPa and 1800 °C in a Kawai‐type apparatus from the starting hydrous melt containing ~6.7 wt% water. Analyses of synthesized bridgmanite using petrographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy show that the crystals are chemically homogeneous and inclusion free in micrometer‐ to nanometer‐spatial resolutions. Nanosecondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analyses on selected platelets show ~1,020(±70) ppm wt water (hydrogen). The high water concentration in the structure of bridgmanite was further confirmed using polarized and unpolarized Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses with two pronounced OH‐stretching bands at ~3,230 and ~3,460 cm−1. Our results indicate that lower‐mantle bridgmanite can accommodate relatively high amount of water. Therefore, dehydration melting at the topmost lower mantle by downward flow of transition zone materials would require water content exceeding ~0.1 wt%.
High‐Temperature Vibrational Spectra Between Mg (OH)2 and Mg (OD)2: Anharmonic Contribution to Thermodynamics and D/H Fractionation for Brucite
Authors: Zhu Xi , Guo Xinzhuan , Smyth Joseph R. , Ye Yu , Wang Xiang , Liu Dan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBrucite, Mg (OH)2, is an important analog for studying the thermodynamics of hydrous silicate minerals in the deep Earth, as well as H/D isotope fractionation between minerals and water. In this study, we measured in situ Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra for the natural and deuterated brucite samples, at high temperatures to 650 K, just before the dehydration of brucite at ambient pressure. All of the optical modes systematically shift to lower frequencies at elevated temperature, while deuterium substitution reduces the magnitudes of the temperature dependence. The isobaric mode Grüneisen parameters (γiP), as well as the intrinsic anharmonic parameters (ai), have been evaluated for the vibrational modes between Mg (OH)2 and Mg (OD)2. The anharmonic contribution to the thermodynamic properties (such as internal energy, isochoric and isothermal heat capacities, and entropy) is positive and severe at high temperature. The difference in the heat capacity is up to ~7% at 700 K due to the anharmonic effect. The deuterium isotopic effect on the thermodynamics is positive, and the magnitude of the isotopic effect is comparable to that from the anharmonic effect. On the other hand, the anharmonicity significantly decreases the magnitude of the positive pressure dependence of the D/H fractionation β factor for brucite, and this correction could be more important at elevated temperature. At the temperature of 800 K, 103·(∂lnβ/∂P)T decreases from +0.23 GPa−1 (for quasi‐harmonic approximation) to approaching zero, due to the anharmonic correction.
The Impact of Cloud Processing on the Ice Nucleation Abilities of Soot Particles at Cirrus Temperatures
Authors: Mahrt Fabian , Kilchhofer Kevin , Marcolli Claudia , Grönquist Philippe , David Robert O. , Rösch Michael , Lohmann Ulrike , Kanji Zamin A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSoot particles are generally considered to be poor ice nucleating particles. Involvement of soot in clouds and their release back into the atmosphere can form residual particles with altered cloud forming potential. The impact and extent of such different cloud processing scenarios on ice nucleation is, however, not well understood. In this work, we present the impact of cloud processing of soot aerosols on subsequent ice nucleation cycles at T≤233 K. Coupling of two continuous flow diffusion chambers allows the simulation of different cloud processing scenarios and investigation of subsequent ice nucleation activity of the processed particles. The processing scenarios presented here encompass contrail, cirrus, and mixed‐phase cloud processing, mimicking typical pathways that soot particles can be exposed to in the atmosphere. For all scenarios tested, the processed particles showed an enhanced ice active fraction for T<233 K. The relative humidity with respect to water for the ice nucleation onset was observed to be on average approximately 10% (relative humidity with respect to ice, RHi≈16%) lower for the cloud‐processed particles compared to the unprocessed soot for which ice nucleation was observed close to or at homogeneous freezing conditions of solution droplets. We attribute the enhanced ice nucleation abilities of the cloud‐processed soot to a pore condensation and freezing mechanism and have identified key parameters governing these changes. Enhanced ice nucleation abilities of soot in cirrus clouds can have significant impacts, given the importance of the atmospheric ice phase for precipitation formation and global climate.
Tropospheric and Stratospheric Causal Pathways Between the MJO and NAO
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth A. , Samarasinghe Savini M. , Ebert‐Uphoff Imme , Furtado Jason C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPrevious work has shown that the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) can influence the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) via a Rossby wave teleconnection that propagates through the troposphere (i.e., a tropospheric pathway). In addition, recent work suggests that the MJO can influence the stratospheric polar vortex, which is also known to influence the tropospheric NAO—thus, there likely exists a stratospheric pathway for MJO influence as well. Here, we apply two methods to shed more light on the pathways linking the MJO to the NAO. First, we use a traditional approach in climate science based on analyzing conditional probabilities. Second, we use methods from causal discovery theory based on probabilistic graphical models. Together, these two analysis approaches reveal that the MJO can impact the NAO via both a tropospheric and stratospheric pathway. The stratospheric pathway is shown to come about in two ways: First, both methods show that the MJO itself influences the strength of the stratospheric polar vortex on a timescale of ∼10 days, and then 5 days later the vortex can drive changes in the NAO. Second, the state of the stratospheric polar vortex acts to condition the NAO to be conducive (or not) to MJO influence. When the vortex is in a state that opposes the expected NAO response to the MJO, we find little influence of the MJO on the NAO, however, when the vortex supports the expected NAO response, the NAO is up to 30% more likely to be in a particular state following active MJO periods.
Thermal History of the Northern Taiwanese Slate Belt and Implications for Wedge Growth During the Neogene Arc‐Continent Collision
Authors: Chen Chih‐Tung , Chan Yu‐Chang , Beyssac Olivier , Lu Chia‐Yu , Chen Yue‐Gau , Malavieille Jacques , Kidder Steven B. , Sun Hao‐Cheng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA significant issue in the study of orogenic systems concerns the roles played by frontal and basal accretion in the construction of orogenic wedges. These different accretion mechanisms result in different thermal histories, with underplated materials experiencing significant heating and deformation during tectonic burial. This work provides new thermal data from Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material in combination with structural and stratigraphic observations of the northern Taiwan slate belt to address these questions of wedge development. Sedimentary rocks of the Northern slate belt were deposited on the Chinese continental margin immediately before the onset of the Neogene Taiwan arc‐continent collision. In the slates of the northern Hsüehshan Range, a large‐scale pop‐up structure on the prowedge of the Taiwan Orogen, synorogenic metamorphism has been investigated through analyses of peak temperatures and metamorphic field gradients. Results indicate underthrusting of the margin sediments to ~8‐km depth with significant folding in two major duplexes occurring before underplating. Such basal accretion is considered responsible for the distinct culmination of the Hsüehshan Range in central Taiwan and its relative uplift with respect to the Backbone Range to the east along the Lishan Fault. A similar underthrusting scenario is also suggested for the Backbone Range Slate Belt. We propose that basal accretion is the predominant mechanism in the growth and evolution of the Taiwan orogenic wedge and may have been achieved through inversion of a graben system on the ancient passive margin during continental subduction.
Generation of amine dehydrogenases with increased catalytic performance and substrate scope from ε-deaminating L-Lysine dehydrogenase
Authors: Tseliou Vasilis , Knaus Tanja , Masman Marcelo F. , Corrado Maria L. , Mutti Francesco G. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAmine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) catalyse the conversion of ketones into enantiomerically pure amines at the sole expense of ammonia and hydride source. Guided by structural information from computational models, we create AmDHs that can convert pharmaceutically relevant aromatic ketones with conversions up to quantitative and perfect chemical and optical purities. These AmDHs are created from an unconventional enzyme scaffold that apparently does not operate any asymmetric transformation in its natural reaction. Additionally, the best variant (LE-AmDH-v1) displays a unique substrate-dependent switch of enantioselectivity, affordingS- orR-configured amine products with up to >99.9% enantiomeric excess. These findings are explained by in silico studies. LE-AmDH-v1 is highly thermostable (Tmof 69 °C), retains almost entirely its catalytic activity upon incubation up to 50 °C for several days, and operates preferentially at 50 °C and pH 9.0. This study also demonstrates that product inhibition can be a critical factor in AmDH-catalysed reductive amination.
Structural basis for delta cell paracrine regulation in pancreatic islets
Authors: Arrojo e Drigo Rafael , Jacob Stefan , García-Prieto Concha F. , Zheng Xiaofeng , Fukuda Masahiro , Nhu Hoa Tran Thi , Stelmashenko Olga , Peçanha Flavia Letícia Martins , Rodriguez-Diaz Rayner , Bushong Eric , Deerinck Thomas , Phan Sebastien , Ali Yusuf , Leibiger Ingo , Chua Minni , Boudier Thomas , Song Sang-Ho , Graf Martin , Augustine George J. , Ellisman Mark H. , Berggren Per-Olof 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the role of islet delta cells in regulating blood glucose homeostasis in vivo. Delta cells are important paracrine regulators of beta cell and alpha cell secretory activity, however the structural basis underlying this regulation has yet to be determined. Most delta cells are elongated and have a well-defined cell soma and a filopodia-like structure. Using in vivo optogenetics and high-speed Ca2+ imaging, we show that these filopodia are dynamic structures that contain a secretory machinery, enabling the delta cell to reach a large number of beta cells within the islet. This provides for efficient regulation of beta cell activity and is modulated by endogenous IGF-1/VEGF-A signaling. In pre-diabetes, delta cells undergo morphological changes that may be a compensation to maintain paracrine regulation of the beta cell. Our data provides an integrated picture of how delta cells can modulate beta cell activity under physiological conditions.
The configuration of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets through the Quaternary
Authors: Batchelor Christine L. , Margold Martin , Krapp Mario , Murton Della K. , Dalton April S. , Gibbard Philip L. , Stokes Chris R. , Murton Julian B. , Manica Andrea 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOur understanding of how global climatic changes are translated into ice-sheet fluctuations and sea-level change is currently limited by a lack of knowledge of the configuration of ice sheets prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here, we compile a synthesis of empirical data and numerical modelling results related to pre-LGM ice sheets to produce new hypotheses regarding their extent in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) at 17 time-slices that span the Quaternary. Our reconstructions illustrate pronounced ice-sheet asymmetry within the last glacial cycle and significant variations in ice-marginal positions between older glacial cycles. We find support for a significant reduction in the extent of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) during MIS 3, implying that global sea levels may have been 30–40 m higher than most previous estimates. Our ice-sheet reconstructions illustrate the current state-of-the-art knowledge of pre-LGM ice sheets and provide a conceptual framework to interpret NH landscape evolution.
Single cell transcriptome analysis of developing arcuate nucleus neurons uncovers their key developmental regulators
Authors: Huisman Christian , Cho Hyeyoung , Brock Olivier , Lim Su Jeong , Youn Sung Min , Park Younjung , Kim Sangsoo , Lee Soo-Kyung , Delogu Alessio , Lee Jae W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDespite the crucial physiological processes governed by neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC), such as growth, reproduction and energy homeostasis, the developmental pathways and regulators for ARC neurons remain understudied. Our single cell RNA-seq analyses of mouse embryonic ARC revealed many cell type-specific markers for developing ARC neurons. These markers include transcription factors whose expression is enriched in specific neuronal types and often depleted in other closely-related neuronal types, raising the possibility that these transcription factors play important roles in the fate commitment or differentiation of specific ARC neuronal types. We validated this idea with the two transcription factors, Foxp2 enriched for Ghrh-neurons and Sox14 enriched for Kisspeptin-neurons, using Foxp2- and Sox14-deficient mouse models. Taken together, our single cell transcriptome analyses for the developing ARC uncovered a panel of transcription factors that are likely to form a gene regulatory network to orchestrate fate specification and differentiation of ARC neurons.
Strong light-matter coupling for reduced photon energy losses in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Nikolis Vasileios C. , Mischok Andreas , Siegmund Bernhard , Kublitski Jonas , Jia Xiangkun , Benduhn Johannes , Hörmann Ulrich , Neher Dieter , Gather Malte C. , Spoltore Donato , Vandewal Koen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStrong light-matter coupling can re-arrange the exciton energies in organic semiconductors. Here, we exploit strong coupling by embedding a fullerene-free organic solar cell (OSC) photo-active layer into an optical microcavity, leading to the formation of polariton peaks and a red-shift of the optical gap. At the same time, the open-circuit voltage of the device remains unaffected. This leads to reduced photon energy losses for the low-energy polaritons and a steepening of the absorption edge. While strong coupling reduces the optical gap, the energy of the charge-transfer state is not affected for large driving force donor-acceptor systems. Interestingly, this implies that strong coupling can be exploited in OSCs to reduce the driving force for electron transfer, without chemical or microstructural modifications of the photo-active layer. Our work demonstrates that the processes determining voltage losses in OSCs can now be tuned, and reduced to unprecedented values, simply by manipulating the device architecture.