bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised clinical trial comparing the ‘sniffing’ and neutral position using channelled (KingVision®) and non‐channelled (C‐MAC®) videolaryngoscopes
Authors: Mendonca C. , Ungureanu N. , Nowicka A. , Kumar P. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryHead and neck position is one of the factors which can be associated with difficult videolaryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. This prospective randomised clinical trial compared ‘sniffing’ and neutral positions using a channelled (KingVision®) and a non‐channelled (C‐MAC® D‐blade) videolaryngoscope in 200 adult patients randomly allocated into four groups (KingVision ‘sniffing’, KingVision neutral, C‐MAC ‘sniffing’ and C‐MAC neutral). The primary outcome was the ease of tracheal intubation using the modified intubation difficulty scale (mIDS) score. Laryngoscopy time, intubation time, laryngoscopic view using the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score and success rate of tracheal intubation were secondary outcomes. The median (IQR [range]) modified difficulty scale scores for the four groups, respectively, were 0 (0–1 [0–3]), 0 (0–1 [0–4]), 1 (0–1 [0–5]) and 0 (0–1 [0–3]; p = 0.384). There was no significant difference in laryngoscopy time (p = 0.020), intubation time (p = 0.272) and success rate (p = 0.968) between the groups. The percentage of glottic opening score was lower for C‐MAC neutral group as compared with other three groups (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the ease of intubation between the ‘sniffing’ and the neutral position when using the KingVision and the C‐MAC videolaryngoscopes. Therefore, either of the two positions could be used with these types of videolaryngoscopes, if deemed advantageous for the patient.
Trans‐life cycle acclimation to experimental ocean acidification affects gastric pH homeostasis and larval recruitment in the sea star Asterias rubens
Authors: Hu M. Y. , Lein E. , Bleich M. , Melzner F. , Stumpp M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimExperimental simulation of near‐future ocean acidification (OA) has been demonstrated to affect growth and development of echinoderm larval stages through energy allocation towards ion and pH compensatory processes. To date, it remains largely unknown how major pH regulatory systems and their energetics are affected by trans‐generational exposure to near‐future acidification levels.MethodsHere, we used the common sea star Asterias rubens in a reciprocal transplant experiment comprising different combinations of OA scenarios, to study trans‐generational plasticity using morphological and physiological endpoints.ResultsAcclimation of adults to pHT 7.2 (pCO2 3500 μatm) led to reductions in feeding rates, gonad weight and fecundity. No effects were evident at moderate acidification levels (pHT 7.4; pCO2 2000 μatm). Parental pre‐acclimation to pHT 7.2 for 85 days reduced developmental rates even when larvae were raised under moderate and high pH conditions, whereas pre‐acclimation to pHT 7.4 did not alter offspring performance. Microelectrode measurements and pharmacological inhibitor studies carried out on larval stages demonstrated that maintenance of alkaline gastric pH represents a substantial energy sink under acidified conditions that may contribute up to 30% to the total energy budget.ConclusionParental pre‐acclimation to acidification levels that are beyond the pH that is encountered by this population in its natural habitat (eg, pHT 7.2) negatively affected larval size and development, potentially through reduced energy transfer. Maintenance of alkaline gastric pH and reductions in maternal energy reserves probably constitute the main factors for a reduced juvenile recruitment of this marine keystone species under simulated OA.
Staff perceptions of borderline personality disorder and recovery: A Q‐sort method approach
Authors: Dean Rebecca , Siddiqui Sara , Beesley Frank , Fox John , Berry Katherine 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesThis study was the first to explore how staff that work with people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) perceive recovery in this client group. These views are important because of the crucial role that staff play in the care of people with BPD, and the challenges that staff experience with these clients.DesignA Q methodology design was used, containing 58 statements about recovery.MethodsTwenty‐nine mental health staff sorted recovery statements according to perceived importance to recovery in BPD.ResultsThere were two different viewpoints about recovery in BPD. A medically oriented group viewed coping with symptoms and behaviours specific to BPD as being most important to recovery, whereas participants who were more well‐being oriented viewed achieving overall well‐being that was universally valued regardless of diagnosis as more important. Both groups reported that engaging in socially valued activities such as work and education was not an important aspect of recovery and that people with BPD could be considered to have recovered despite continued impairments in everyday functioning.ConclusionsStaff perceptions of recovery in BPD can differ, which poses risks for consistent team working, a particularly important issue in this client group due to the relational difficulties associated with the diagnosis. Multidisciplinary teams working with people diagnosed with BPD therefore need to find a forum to promote a shared understanding of each patient's needs and support plans. We advocate that team formulation is a promising approach to achieve more consistent ways of working within teams.Practitioner points

Findings

Multidisciplinary teams working with people with borderline personality disorder should use team formulations to create a shared understanding of individual patient's needs and goals for recovery, so they can deliver a consistent approach to care.

Recovery questionnaires should be used to develop an understanding of a patient's individual recovery goals.

Limitations

Opportunity sampling was utilized in recruitment, and the sample was not representative of the general population of staff working with borderline personality disorder.

Although views from a wide range of professions were sampled in this research, the views of psychiatrists were not represented.
Aberrant methylation of EYA4 promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Luo Mei , Li Yuan , Shi Xuejiao , Yang Wenhui , Zhou Fang , Sun Nan , He Jie 
Published: April 2018

EYA4, one of the four members of the EYA gene family, is associated with several human cancers. However, its biological functions and molecular mechanisms in the progression of cancer, particularly in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), remain unknown. In the present study, we found that EYA4 was underexpressed and hypermethylated in most of the ESCC cell lines tested (85.7%, 6/7). Treatment with 5‐aza‐dC and/or trichostatin A (TSA) restored EYA4 expression in ESCC cell lines, which indicates that EYA4 expression was epigenetically regulated. Similarly, EYA4 was aberrantly hypermethylated in ESCC tissues (78%, 39/50) and downregulation of EYA4 occurred in approximately 65% of primary ESCC at protein level where it was associated significantly with TNM stage and lymph node metastases. Knockdown of EYA4 in KYSE30 and KYSE70 ESCC cells using small hairpin RNA increased migration and invasive motility in vitro. Conversely, the overexpression of EYA4 in KYSE180 and KYSE450 promoted an epithelial phenotype, which consisted of decreased migration and invasion abilities and a decrease in TGF‐β1‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition. Mechanistically, EYA4 overexpression reduced the phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β, which led to the inactivation of slug. In addition, we found that TGF‐β1 decreased EYA4 expression in both a dose‐dependent and a time‐dependent manner in KYSE30 cells, accompanied by an increase in the expression of DNA methyltransferases, especially DNMT3A. In summary, EYA4 is frequently hypermethylated in ESCC and may function as a tumor suppressor gene in the development of ESCC.
Bone fragility in Turner syndrome: Fracture prevalence and risk factors determined by a national patient survey
Authors: Wasserman Halley , Backeljauw Philippe F. , Khoury Jane C. , Kalkwarf Heidi J. , Gordon Catherine M. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryObjectiveOsteoporosis is considered a comorbidity of adult women with Turner syndrome (TS). Limited data are available on fracture prevalence in girls and women with this diagnosis. We aimed to determine the prevalence of fractures in individuals with TS in the United States and identify risk factors for fracture.DesignGirls and women with TS were invited to participate in an anonymous, self‐report, national survey from November 2016 to March 2017. Non‐TS controls were obtained through direct contacts of TS participants.ResultsDuring childhood (0‐12 years), adolescence (13‐25 years) and young adulthood (26‐45 years), there was no difference between TS and controls in fracture prevalence. Girls and women with TS were more likely to report upper extremity fractures, whereas controls were more likely to report phalangeal fractures. Older women (>45 years) with TS were more likely to fracture than non‐TS controls (P = .01). Balance problems were more common in individuals with TS than controls (26.5% vs 14.8%, P = .0006). In TS, those reporting balance problems were 54% more likely to have a prior fracture than those without balance problems (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.03, 2.30), even after controlling for age. There was no significant association between balance problems and fractures among controls.ConclusionsIn a nationwide survey, there was no difference in fracture prevalence in younger women with TS compared with controls. However, the location of fractures differed. After controlling for age, impaired balance was associated with an increased fracture risk in TS and may be an underrecognized risk factor for fracture in this population.
Serving clients and the community better: A mixed‐methods analysis of benefits experienced when organizations collaborate in child welfare
Authors: Colvin Marianna L. , Miller Shari E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractData from extensive qualitative interviews (n = 67) and a survey instrument (n = 80) are used in this study to examine the perceived benefits experienced when organizations interact in community‐wide child welfare practice. Three prominent findings are organized into an evidence‐informed model detailing the benefits of collaboration whereby, (a) relationships between organizations were perceived to improve client and community services, (b) network‐level benefits were newly identified and distinguished separately, and (c) the benefits at the organizational level in a child welfare context were clarified. Fifteen overall benefits emerged, and findings have numerous implications, such as demonstrating a flaw in using any single measure of network performance. A model is presented to organize the results of this study, and findings are discussed for their relevance to policy, practice, and theory development, with particular emphasis on future directions for examining the complex interorganizational interactions in child welfare practice.
Clinical characteristics of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Becker Kathrin , Schwarz Frank 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate and correlate clinical parameters associated with peri‐implant diseases based on established case definitions.Materials and MethodsA total of 75 patients exhibiting 269 implants (healthy: 77; peri‐implant mucositis: 77; peri‐implantitis: 115) were included in this observational study. Clinical parameters included bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depths (PDs), and suppuration (Supp).ResultsHealthy sites were associated with the absence of BOP, while mean BOP in peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis patients amounted to 20.83% and 71.33%, corresponding to 43% and 86% at the implant level (p < .001), respectively. Peri‐implantitis patients exhibited significantly higher mean PD values (4.46 mm) when compared with the peri‐implant mucositis group (2.70 mm, p < .001). Supp was limited to peri‐implantitis cases and detected in 30.16% of the patients (implant level: 17.39%). The regression model revealed a significant linear association between the number of BOP‐positive sites around the implant (minimum 0, maximum 6) and mean PD values at peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis sites at both patient and implant levels.ConclusionsThe clinical parameters investigated were shown to be associated with the severity of peri‐implant diseases.
COPD is independently associated with 6‐month survival in patients who have life support withheld in intensive care
Authors: Maamar Adel , Chevalier Stéphanie , Fillâtre Pierre , Botoc Vlad , Le Tulzo Yves , Gacouin Arnaud , Tadié Jean‐Marc 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn‐hospital outcomes following decisions of withholding or withdrawing in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients have been previously assessed, little is known about outcomes after ICU and hospital discharge. Our objective was to report the 6‐month outcomes of discharged patients who had treatment limitations in a general ICU and to identify prognostic factors of survival.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the data of patients discharged from the ICU for whom life support was withheld from 2009 to 2011. We assessed the survival status of all patients at 6 months post‐discharge and their duration of survival. Survivors and non‐survivors were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox's proportional hazard model.ResultsOne hundred fourteen patients were included. The survival rate at 6 months was 58.8%. Survival was associated with acute respiratory failure (48% vs 19%, P = .006), a history of COPD (40% vs 21%, P = .03) and a lower SAPS II score (44 vs 49, P = .006). We identified a history of COPD as a prognostic factor for survival in the multivariate analysis (HR = 2.1; IC 95% 1.02‐4.36, P = .04).ConclusionA total of 58.8% of patients for whom life‐sustaining therapies were withheld in the ICU survived for at least 6 months after discharge. Patients with COPD appeared to have a significantly higher survival rate. The decision to withhold life support in patients should not lead to a cessation of post‐ICU care and to non‐readmission of COPD patients.
Lessons from Queensland's last‐drinks legislation: The use of extended trading permits
Authors: Zahnow Renee , Miller Peter , Coomber Kerri , de Andrade Dominique , Ferris Jason 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe association between alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and, in turn, alcohol‐related harms is well established. Policies to reduce alcohol‐related harms focus on limiting accessibility through the regulation of the liquor industry, including trading hours. On 1 July 2016, the Queensland Government introduced legislation to reduce ordinary liquor trading hours, replacing 5 am closing times with 3 am cessation of liquor sales in designated entertainment precincts and 2 am cessation of sales across the rest of the state. However, the amendment was under‐inclusive and did not apply to temporary extended trading permits, a provision of the Liquor Act 1992 allowing one‐off variations in trading hours for special events.Design and MethodsWe use 24 months of data (1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016) from the Office of Liquor Gaming and Regulation to explore patterns of extended trading permit use across Queensland, pre‐ and post‐ 1 July 2016.ResultsWe find that following the Amendment in 2016 there was also a distinct shift in the utilisation of temporary extended trading permits, with a 63% increase in approved permits between 2015 and 2016. Temporal clustering around key calendar events dissipated following 1 July 2016 with consistent concentration of permit utilisation over consecutive weeks.Discussion and ConclusionsUsing temporary extended trading permits venue owners avoided earlier closing times and continued to operate until 5 am. The findings provide lessons for future policy implementation by illustrating the capacity for under‐inclusive legislation to result in the dilution of intended effects.
Population structure of caribou in an ice‐bound archipelago
Authors: Jenkins Deborah. A. , Yannic Glenn , Schaefer James A. , Conolly James , Lecomte Nicolas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimArchipelagos provide ideal natural systems for testing the effects of isolation and fragmentation of habitats on the genetic makeup of populations—an important consideration, given that many insular species are of conservation concern. Two theories predominate: Island Biogeography Theory (IBT) posits that proximity to the mainland drives the potential for migrants and gene flow. The Central Marginal Hypothesis (CMH) predicts that island populations at the periphery of a species range may experience low gene flow, small population size and high rates of genetic drift. We investigated population genetic structure, genetic diversity and key drivers of diversity for Arctic island‐dwelling caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Our aim was to inform intraspecific units for conservation and decipher how IBT and CMH could act in an archipelago where isolation is highly variable due to sea ice and open water.LocationCanadian Arctic Archipelago, Canada (Latitude, 55–82°N; Longitude, 61–123°W).MethodsWe genotyped 447 caribou at 16 microsatellite loci; these caribou represented two subspecies (R. t. groenlandicus, R. t. pearyi) and three designatable units. We used hierarchical Bayesian clustering and ordination to determine genetic groups. We evaluated the influence of ecological and geographic variables on genetic diversity using linear mixed‐effects models and compared diversity among mainland and island herds.ResultsBayesian clustering revealed nine genetic clusters with differentiation among and within caribou subspecies. Genetic differentiation was explained predominantly by isolation‐by‐distance across all caribou, even at the scale of subspecies. Island caribou were less genetically diverse than mainland herds; individual heterozygosity was negatively correlated with distance‐to‐mainland and the extent of autumn ice‐free coastline and positively correlated with unglaciated island size.Main conclusionsOur findings underscore the importance of hierarchical analysis when investigating genetic population structure. Genetic diversity and its key drivers lend support to both IBT and CMH and highlight the pending threat of climate change for Arctic island caribou.
Comparison between endoscopic and laparoscopic removal of gastric submucosal tumor
Authors: Abe Nobutsugu , Takeuchi Hirohisa , Ohki Atsuko , Hashimoto Yoshikazu , Mori Toshiyuki , Sugiyama Masanori 
Published: April 2018

Background and AimA retrospective study was conducted to compare two resection methods, namely, endoscopic resection (ER) procedures (endoscopic submucosal dissection [ESD], endoscopic muscularis dissection [EMD], and endoscopic full‐thickness resection [EFTR]) and laparoscopic resections (LR) (laparoscopic endoscopic cooperative surgery [LECS] and laparoscopic wedge resection).MethodsSeventy‐three patients who underwent ER (N = 33: ESD, N = 4; EMD, N = 15; EFTR, N = 14) or LR (N = 39: LECS, N = 16; wedge resection, N = 23) for gastric submucosal tumor (G‐SMT) smaller than 50 mm were included in this study. Patient/tumor characteristics and intra/postoperative factors were compared between the ER and LR groups.ResultsThe ER group had a significantly higher percentage of intraluminal growing type of tumor (100% vs 41%) and smaller tumor size (23 vs 33 mm) than the LR group. The ER group had a significantly shorter operative time (93 vs 145 min) and less blood loss (13 vs 30 mL) than the LR group. In the ER group, three patients who had tumors located on the anterior wall of the stomach required laparoscopic closure after EFTR because of difficulty in endoscopic closure of the gastric‐wall defect. Postoperative complication rates and duration of postoperative hospital stays did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionsER may be technically feasible, safe, less invasive, and oncologically appropriate options for selected patients with the intraluminal growing type of G‐SMT smaller than 30 mm. EFTR may be more reasonable alternatives to LR in selected patients with a small G‐SMT located on the lesser curvature side.
Age differences in the prosocial influence effect
Authors: Foulkes Lucy , Leung Jovita T , Fuhrmann Delia , Knoll Lisa J , Blakemore Sarah‐Jayne 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSocial influence occurs when an individual's thoughts or behaviours are affected by other people. There are significant age effects on susceptibility to social influence, typically a decline from childhood to adulthood. Most research has focused on negative aspects of social influence, such as peer influence on risky behaviour, particularly in adolescence. The current study investigated the impact of social influence on the reporting of prosocial behaviour (any act intended to help another person). In this study, 755 participants aged 8–59 completed a computerized task in which they rated how likely they would be to engage in a prosocial behaviour. Afterwards, they were told the average rating (in fact fictitious) that other participants had given to the same question, and then were asked to rate the same behaviour again. We found that participants' age affected the extent to which they were influenced by other people: children (8–11 years), young adolescents (12–14 years) and mid‐adolescents (15–18 years) all significantly changed their ratings, while young adults (19–25 years) and adults (26–59 years) did not. Across the three youngest age groups, children showed the most susceptibility to prosocial influence, changing their reporting of prosocial behaviour the most. The study provides evidence that younger people's increased susceptibility to social influence can have positive outcomes.