bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Moderating Role of Demoralization on the Association Between Exposure to War and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Israeli Civilians in Reaction to the October 7 War: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Sowan Wafaa , Baziliansky Svetlana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundDuring wartime, many people experience distress, uncertainty, helplessness and a lack of control. These negative feelings are at the root of demoralization symptoms.ObjectivesThe present prospective study examined the impact of exposure to war and demoralization symptoms on PTSS 6 months later.MethodsParticipants were 338 Israeli citizens with indirect war exposure. Participants answered questionnaires on exposure to war, demoralization and PTSS at two time points (4 weeks and 6 months after the onset of the October 7 war).ResultsThe study revealed that higher exposure to war (Time 1) was associated with higher levels of demoralization symptoms (Time 1) and PTSS (Time 2). Moreover, the moderation analysis indicated that the impact of exposure to war on PTSS was significant only for medium (b = 4.279, SE = 1.33, p < 0.001) and high (b = 8.304, SE = 1.88, p < 0.001) levels of demoralization.ConclusionDemoralization symptoms and PTSS are likely to occur during wartime. However, war exposure alone does not explain PTSS; it is contingent on demoralization levels. Demoralization shortly following the outbreak of war appears to be a predictor of PTSS. This finding suggests that screening for demoralization with a brief simple questionnaire might be a useful clinical tool to identify individuals in the short term who may have increased risk of PTSD in the long term.
Analytical and Pharmacological Characterization of 1‐(Furan‐2‐Carbonyl)‐LSD (1F‐LSD) and Comparison With 1‐(Thiophene‐2‐Carbonyl)‐LSD (1T‐LSD)
Authors: Brandt Simon D. , Kavanagh Pierce V. , Gare Sarah , Elliott Simon P. , Stratford Alexander , Halberstadt Adam L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe classical psychedelic drug (+)‐lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) continues to attract considerable multidisciplinary interest, and over the last eight decades, many derivatives and analogs of LSD have been synthesized. One site on the ergoline scaffold of LSD that has been frequently modified is the N1‐position, with the N1‐acylated LSD derivative 1‐acetyl‐LSD (1A‐LSD, ALD‐52) being one of the earliest examples. In more recent years, several other alkylcarbonyl‐ and cycloalkylcarbonyl‐substituted LSD derivatives have been evaluated, including several distributed as research chemicals. Although N1‐substitution is detrimental for the activity of LSD at the 5‐HT2A receptor (the primary site of action of psychedelic drugs), N1‐acylated LSD derivatives are rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo and are believed to act as prodrugs for LSD. Recently, 1‐(thiophene‐2‐carbonyl)‐LSD (1T‐LSD, SYN‐L‐021) was detected as a new recreational drug, signaling a move towards N1‐acyl groups with an aromatic character. The present study was conducted to investigate the analytical profile and pharmacology of 1‐(2‐furoyl)‐lysergic acid diethylamide (1F‐LSD, SYN‐L‐005), a novel analog of 1T‐LSD. The binding of 1F‐LSD to the 5‐HT2A receptor and other monoamine sites was assessed using radioligand binding. Furthermore, the in vivo activities of 1F‐LSD and 1T‐LSD were assessed in C57BL/6 J mice by comparing their biotransformation to LSD and effects on the head‐twitch response (HTR), a 5‐HT2A‐mediated behavior. Both 1F‐LSD and 1T‐LSD induced the HTR in mice and were hydrolyzed to LSD after in vivo administration, indicating that both substances exhibit LSD‐like properties and may serve as prodrugs for LSD.
Phylogenetic Diversity of Plant and Insect Communities on Islands
Authors: Leclère Thomas , Gerhold Pille 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTInteractions between plants and insects have long fascinated scientists. While some plants rely on insects for pollination and seed dispersal, insects rely on plants for food or as a habitat. Despite extensive research investigating pair‐wise species interactions, few studies have characterized plant and insect communities simultaneously, making it unclear if diverse plant communities are generally associated with diverse insect communities. This work aims to better understand the historical and evolutionary relationships between plant and insect phylogenetic diversity (PD) on islands. We hypothesized that phylogenetically diverse plant communities (i.e., high PD) support diverse insect communities, with the relationship varying with island isolation, area, age, and latitude. Species lists for plants and insects were compiled from the published literature, and plant PD was calculated using ´standardized mean pairwise distance´ (SES.MPD) and ´standardized mean nearest taxon distance´ (SES.MNTD). For insects, PD was estimated using the number of genera, families, and orders. We found that plant diversity in evolutionary recent times (SES.MNTD) is associated with recent insect diversity (number of genera), but no relationship was found between plant and insect diversity across whole phylogenies (plant SES.MPD vs. number of insect families). Distant islands generally support high PD of plants (high SES.MPD and SES.MNTD) and insects (low number of genera). Plant and insect PD was generally high on small islands, except for plant SES.MPD revealing no relationship with island size. Insect PD was somewhat higher on young islands (low number of families), whereas there was no relationship between island age and plant PD. Plant SES.MPD was higher on high latitude islands, yet we did not find significant relationships between the latitude and the metrics of insect PD or plant SES.MNTD. These findings suggest that protecting high plant PD may also help conserve high insect PD, with a focus on small and distant islands as potential hotspots of phylogenetic diversity across multiple taxa.
Dynamics of Insects and Their Facultative Defensive Endosymbiotic Bacteria: A Simulation Model
Authors: Wajnberg Eric , Cônsoli Fernando L. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMost insects harbour endosymbionts that modify their physiology, reproductive mode, and ecology. One fascinating case is in aphids, which host endosymbionts that protect them against attacks from parasitoids. These symbionts are transmitted maternally with high fidelity but can also be transmitted horizontally from infected to uninfected hosts. Since symbionts can confer resistance to their host against parasitoids, levels of symbiont infection should rapidly spread to fixation. This is not the case in most aphid populations that have been studied. Furthermore, the defensive effect of symbionts has been thought to reduce the efficacy of biological control against crop pests, although this has never been properly quantified. We developed a Monte Carlo simulation model to examine changes in levels of endosymbiont infection in an insect population in the presence of parasitoids attacking them over several generations. We also used the model to quantify potential reductions in the efficacy of parasitoids in controlling host populations in biological control. Results suggest that longevity of parasitoids and the spatial aggregation of hosts likely play a major role in the dynamics of symbiont infection. This is the first evidence that these ecological parameters are potentially important for explaining levels of symbiont infection in insect populations.
Function and Spatial Organization of Tumor‐Invasive Human γδ T Cells—What Do We Know?
Authors: Wistuba‐Hamprecht Kilian , Oberg Hans‐Heinrich , Wesch Daniela 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHuman gammadelta (γδ) T cells not only infiltrate or reside in healthy tissues but also enter solid cancers. A large body of evidence suggests that γδ T cells can exert potent anti‐tumor effects, although conflicting or unfavorable effects have been reported in some cancer entities. Infiltration patterns are key to understanding the complexity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its interplay with γδ T cells. The limited data available describe different γδ T cell subsets that are located in different areas around and within tumors. Tumor‐infiltrating γδ lymphocytes (γδ TIL) exert cytotoxicity, for example, via the CD95‐ or TRAIL‐axis, produce high amounts of granzymes, and after their activation, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α or IFN‐γ and express immune checkpoint receptors. Under certain conditions, γδ T cell subsets can express low amounts of IL‐17 and seem to contribute to immune regulation/suppression. A polarization of γδ T cells can be influenced by the TME. Inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, or tumor promoters can suppress γδ T cell functionality or even push them toward tumor promotion. To avoid this and to exploit the unique features of γδ T cell–mediated anti‐cancer and immune‐orchestrating capabilities in future immune therapy approaches, a growing body of preclinical but also clinical studies can be observed.
Photoinduced Gem‐Difluoroallylic Ketones Formation via Selective Carbonyl – C(sp3) Bond Cleavage of β‐Ketone Alcohols
Authors: Zhu Qianwei , Zhang Zhong , Yu Hongquan , Yuan Chenglong , Wang Lu , Wang Zhixiang , Liu Tiantao , Xu Hongxia , Yang Youqing 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA photoinduced reaction for the formation of gem‐difluoroallylic ketones via selective β‐scission of β‐ketone alcohols with α‐trifluoromethyl alkenes is described. This process demonstrates a broad substrate scope for both β‐ketone alcohols and α‐trifluoromethyl alkenes. The reaction is proposed to proceed via an intramolecular PCET mechanism. The core of the strategy involves the oxidative cleavage of the carbonyl – C(sp3) bond in β‐ketone alcohols, facilitated by a base, to release acyl radicals, followed by the rapid addition of α‐trifluoromethyl alkenes. Additionally, various downstream transformations were carried out with these compounds in a one‐step operation. This protocol is also applicable to corresponding alkynylation and Minisci reactions.
Elevated Soluble ACE2 Activity in Children and Adults After SARS‐CoV‐2 Exposure Irrespective of Laboratory‐Confirmed Infection
Authors: Stich Maximilian , Magalhães Vladimir Gonçalves , Bürger Friederike , Garbade Sven F. , Jeltsch Kathrin , Mohr Kerstin , Haddad Anneke , Elling Roland , Lang Peter , Rabsteyn Armin , Jacobsen Eva‐Maria , Bode Sebastian F. N. , Müller Barbara , Kräusslich Hans‐Georg , Hoffmann Georg Friedrich , Okun Jürgen G. , Bartenschlager Ralf , Binder Marco , Janda Aleš , Renk Hanna , Tönshoff Burkhard 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe pivotal role of the cell entry receptor ACE2 for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is well‐established. When ACE2 is shed from cell surface into plasma as soluble ACE2 (sACE2), it can effectively neutralize SARS‐CoV‐2. This longitudinal prospective cohort study analyzed sACE2 activity in 1192 participants, aged 4 months to 81 years, 3 and 12 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 household exposure. Following SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure, participants exhibited significantly elevated sACE2 activity, irrespective of confirmed infection, with the highest levels observed in exposed children. Longitudinal analysis revealed a decline in sACE2 levels over time, reaching levels comparable to age‐ and sex‐matched pre‐pandemic controls. An increase in sACE2 activity was also confirmed in vitro in Calu‐3 (human lung) cells within hours of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure, providing a direct link between SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure and elevated sACE2. This study, therefore, challenges the dichotomy of categorizing SARS‐CoV‐2 exposed participants as infected or not infected solely on currently established diagnostic assays. It demonstrates lasting host responses independent of B‐ and T‐cell memory and may help to keep SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in balance and contribute to successful virus clearance in children and adults lacking humoral and cellular immune responses following SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure.Trial Registration: German Registry for Clinical Studies; Identifier: D 00021521.
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated With Increased Thalamic Subregion Volume in the Subacute Period Following Injury
Authors: Baird Maggie E. , Beare Richard , Seal Marc L. , Yang Joseph Yuan‐Mou , Anderson Jacqueline F. I. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTStructural vulnerability of the thalamus remains underinvestigated in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), and few studies have addressed its constituent nuclei using robust segmentation methods. This study aimed to investigate thalamic subnuclei volume in the subacute period following mTBI. Trauma control (TC) and mTBI patients aged 18–60 years old completed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol including both high resolution structural (T1w) and diffusion‐weighted sequences at 6–12 weeks following injury (mean: 57 days; SD 11). Each thalamus was segmented into its constituent subnuclei, which were grouped into eight lateralized subregions. Volumes of the subregions were calculated. Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density (NODDI) maps with parameters optimized for gray matter were computed for the same subregions. Group differences in subregion volumes and NODDI parameters were investigated using Bayesian linear modeling, with age, sex, and estimated intracranial volume included as covariates. Comparisons of mTBI (n = 39) and TC (n = 28) groups revealed evidence of relatively increased gray matter volume in the mTBI group for the bilateral medial and right intralaminar subregions (BF10 > 3). Of the subregions which showed volume differences, there was no evidence for differences in NODDI metrics between groups. This study demonstrates that in the subacute period following mTBI, there is evidence of increased volume in specific thalamic subregions. Putative mechanisms underpinning the increased volume observed here are disordered remyelination or myelin debris yet to be cleared.
Matrix‐assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation is effective at mid/long‐term for knee lesions: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Colombini Alessandra , Raffo Vincenzo , Gianola Silvia , Castellini Greta , Filardo Giuseppe , Lopa Silvia , Moretti Matteo , de Girolamo Laura 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review with meta‐analysis evaluates the long‐term efficacy of matrix‐assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) in terms of functional scores using scaffolds made of hyaluronic acid (HA) or collagen (C).MethodsNineteen articles met the eligibility criteria for the analysis. Fourteen studies focused on patients treated with MACT with HA‐based scaffolds, four studies with C‐based scaffolds, and one study compared both scaffold types.ResultsA higher percentage of patients in the HA subgroup had undergone previous cartilage repair procedures, whereas multiple lesions were more common in the C subgroup. Both HA‐ and C‐treated patients showed significant functional improvement in terms of International Knee Documentation Committee with overall mean differences at 2 and 5 years, and for HA‐treated patients at 10 years. Likewise, concerning the Tegner activity scale, both subgroups demonstrated significant improvement at 2 years, with the HA subgroup showing more sustained improvement up to 10 years. The HA subgroup also had EQ‐VAS reduction at 2, 5 and 10 years. Failure rates were similar between and within groups, with a range from 0% to 42% at different follow‐ups.ConclusionPatients experienced mid‐term benefits from MACT, using both HA‐based and C‐based scaffolds, and long‐term benefits from using HA‐based scaffolds. The low failure rate and the fact that most patients did not require knee replacement surgery are encouraging. Accordingly, despite their complexity and high costs, regenerative techniques like MACT are effective, as they can significantly delay or even prevent the need for total knee replacement.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Edge effects impact blue carbon dynamics across coastal ecotones in a tropical seascape
Authors: Yando Erik S. , Alemu Jahson B. , Lim Kiah Eng , Sloey Taylor M. , van Breugel Michiel , Bhatia Natasha , Friess Daniel A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCoastal wetlands are important for their ability to regulate global climate through the sequestration and long‐term storage of carbon. Accurate quantification of ecosystem‐specific carbon dynamics (including sequestration, storage, and fluxes) is needed to develop accurate carbon budgets that inform climate change mitigation. Most work to quantify carbon dynamics either use subsampling in core habitats or benefit transfers to upscale values. While these approaches are valuable, our understanding of carbon dynamics across ecosystem transitions and overall heterogeneity remains a critical gap in coastal ecosystems as boundaries are not always clear. In this study, we established transects across both mangrove and seagrass ecotones into adjacent tidal flats in Singapore to quantifying vegetation cover, soil carbon storage, and CO2 fluxes. Vegetation cover in all transitions and soil carbon storage in most transitions followed a decreasing sigmoidal pattern from vegetated to unvegetated portions, but differed in rate and width. CO2 fluxes followed a peak distribution in mangrove–tidal flat transitions with maximum values occurring within the mangroves and were correlated with pneumatophore density, while seagrasses saw a linear increase in CO2 fluxes from the seagrass to tidal flat. Seascape analysis of soil carbon showed site‐specific impacts that resulted in differences in carbon stocks (0%–8%) as well as the width of these transitions. This study highlights the importance of understanding ecotones to better account for edge effects, which can lead to the over or under estimation of carbon, and provides a needed step in increasing the accuracy of blue carbon assessments in these critical ecosystems.
High Purcell Factor Driven by Simultaneous Bianisotropy and Anapole State in All‐Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Pradhan Monica , Sharma Shubhanshi , Kislov Denis , Shalin Alexander S. , Varshney Shailendra K. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAll‐dielectric nanophotonics is a rapidly evolving field, garnering increasing attention due to its potential in advancing nano‐optical technologies. Numerous groundbreaking phenomena have already been demonstrated through the unique optical properties of specially designed meta‐atoms, creating a new platform for nano‐optics. In particular, states characterized by strong near‐field confinement and magnetoelectric coupling have driven a paradigm shift, offering exciting possibilities for on‐chip optical devices, quantum applications, and light‐emitting technologies. In this paper, the coexistence of bianisotropy and the anapole state in a specifically engineered dielectric metasurface in the visible and near infrared (NIR) ranges is utilized to achieve extremely high values of electric and, specifically, magnetic Purcell factor for adjacent dipoles. The metasurface is composed of silicon meta‐atoms with a partially rectangular slot, which disrupts the in‐plane symmetry along the xy‐plane. Utilizing a theoretical framework based on polarizability and multipole decomposition, the system's bianisotropic response, driven by magnetoelectric coupling, and combine it with the anapole–a non‐radiating state known for its strong near‐field localization is analyzed. As a result of these two synergistic mechanisms, nearly a three‐order‐of‐magnitude increase is observed in both electric and magnetic Purcell factors, significantly enhancing light‐matter interaction. This remarkable effect opens new pathways for developing next‐generation photonic devices.
Limit models in strictly stable abstract elementary classes
Authors: Boney Will , VanDieren Monica M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the locality condition for non‐splitting and determine the level of uniqueness of limit models that can be recovered in some stable, but not superstable, abstract elementary classes. In particular we prove the following. Suppose that is an abstract elementary class satisfying

the joint embedding and amalgamation properties with no maximal model of cardinality ,
stability in ,
,
continuity for (i.e., if and is a limit model witnessed by for some limit ordinal and there exists so that does not ‐split over for all , then does not ‐split over ).
Then for and limit ordinals both with cofinality , if satisfies symmetry for (or just ‐symmetry), then, for any and that are and ‐limit models over , respectively, we have that and are isomorphic over . Note that no tameness is assumed.
Bilateral Pedicled Superior Gluteal Artery Perforator (SGAP) Flap for Double‐Layer Closure and Reconstruction of Sacrococcygeal Defect After Chordoma Resection: A Case Report
Authors: Martini Federica , Meroni Matteo , Scaglioni Mario F. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTChordomas are rare, slow‐growing, locally aggressive malignant tumors arising from notochord remnants that commonly affect the sacrococcygeal area. Surgical resection with negative margins is crucial but often results in extended defects with exposed critical structures, necessitating complex reconstructions. The reconstruction techniques commonly employed and described in the literature often utilize musculocutaneous flaps, which are associated with higher donor site morbidity. Thus, the challenge remains to minimize donor site morbidity while ensuring effective reconstruction and long‐term stability. This case report presents a novel technique for sacrococcygeal defect reconstruction after chordoma resection. This approach aims to help reconstructive surgeons to improve patient outcomes and broaden the range of available surgical strategies in this area while minimizing donor site morbidity. An 87‐year‐old male patient presented a sacrococcygeal chordoma measuring 51 × 41 × 58 mm, which caused the destruction of the coccygeal vertebrae and infiltrated the levator ani muscle. After a multi‐disciplinary discussion, the patient underwent en‐bloc tumor resection. The mass measured 11 × 8 cm and included the coccyx, the gluteus maximus insertion to the coccyx, and a portion of the levator ani muscle, leaving part of the rectum ampulla exposed. For the reconstruction, to create a strong barrier to minimize the risk of rectal herniation, obliterate the dead space, and cover the defect, we performed a bilateral advancement of the gluteus maximus and harvested two pedicled superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flaps measuring 15 × 10 cm and centered on the perforator. The flaps were consequently tunneled below the gluteal skin, rotated 90°, and placed in the defect; one was de‐epithelialized and buried into the defect, and the other was placed above it for surface coverage. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and at a 1‐year follow‐up, the patient reported no motor dysfunction or problems during sitting, and no signs of rectal herniation were shown at the CT. The reconstruction with bilateral pedicled SGAP flaps arranged in a double‐layer fashion could effectively address the key points of reconstruction of the sacrococcygeal area after chordoma resection, with several advantages since it causes minimal donor site morbidity and maintains the contour of the gluteal area with excellent functional outcomes. However, further studies are warranted to validate and refine this approach.