bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal characteristics of ferronickel slag on roasting process with addition of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
Authors: Prasetyo A B , Maksum A , Soedarsono J W , Firdiyono F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Thermal characterization of ferronickel slag waste has been studied using TG / DTA, XRD, and SEM-EDX. The characterization of the initial samples of ferronickel slag was carried out TG / DTA to 1200°C. The result obtained is at a temperature of 800°C, there is an increasing mass and up to 4.68% at a temperature of 1200°C. At temperature of 807.4°C to 845.8°C, an exothermic reaction occurs. The increasing mass is due to the ferronickel slag which is originally in the form of metal, and then it was roasted to undergo an oxidation reaction so that the metal that has been formed, it returned into oxides. So that the weight of the sample mass increase. Samples of ferronickel slag added with sodium carbonate were also analyzed using TG / DTA. The results obtained are 2 endothermic peaks at temperatures of 90.6°C and 858.9°C with a total mass reduction of 49.3%. At a temperature of 90.6°C, there is a heavy loss caused by 2.38% loss of surface water. The XRD result of ferronickel slag is composed of enstatite (MgSiO3), forsterite (Mg2SiO4), fayalite (Fe2SiO4), and quartz (SiO2) structures. From the XRD analysis, the composition of silica oxide associates with magnesium and iron in the form of enstatite, forsterite, and fayalites is a very dominant composition. The roasting process of a mixture of ferronickel slag with sodium carbonate was carried out by heating at a temperature of 800-1000°C for 1 hour, and the sample result of roasting were analyzed using XRD. The result of roasting shows that the roasting process takes place more perfectly at higher temperature; it is indicated by the increasing phase intensity of SiO2 and the formation of sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). The result of SEM shows that the higher the temperature, the distribution of Na, Si, and O elements tend to cluster in the same place or spot, while the elements of Mg, Si, and O are less bonded.
Investigations on mineralogical characteristics of Indonesian nickel laterite ores during the roasting process
Authors: Setiawan I , Febrina E , Subagja R , Harjanto S , Firdiyono F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Nickel is obtained from laterite ores by a metallurgical process to produces ferronickel. Nickel metal is present in a carrier mineral, a nickel magnesium silicate hydrate compound called garnierite. Garnierite is the common name of magnesium silicate hydrate minerals including chlorite, clay and serpentine. This study to investigate the phase formed when the nickel ore is roasted from a temperature of 600°C to a temperature of 1000°C under atmospheric enviromental. Microscopic analysis of roasted samples was analyzed by SEM-EDX and the dehydroxylation and recrystallization was studied using DTA-TGA. The endothermic peak was appear at 78.8°C, 293.7°C and 638.0°C, this corresponds to the release of free water and the release of crystalline water. While the exothermic peak occurs at 828.0°C. The exothermic temperatures associated with structural changes due to dihydroxylation of serpentine into a forsterite phase. Based on the XRD graph it is known that the sample of the roasting will produce the olivine and forsterite phases.
The effect of iron content on the reduction of nickel laterite by direct reduction method
Authors: Setiawan I , Febrina E , Prasetyo A B , Subagja R , Firdiyono F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Reduction and the compounds formed when the reduced laterite nickel has been investigated. Nickel laterite with average grain size below 0.149 mm mixed with 13% (weight percent) of coal as reductant then reduced in muffle furnace with temperature from 700 °C to 1000 °C. Type of laterite is used which has high iron (saprolite) and low iron content (limonite). Reaction time varied 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The reduction of nickel during reduction is determined by an analysis of metallization values. Metallization analysis used bromine methanol method, while the compound analysis was formed using x-ray Diffractometer. Based on the metallization test, it is known that the laterite nickel ore containing high iron will produce a higher nickel reduction than the laterite nickel ore containing low iron. This corresponds to the oxide phases formed. The higher iron contain on the ore tend to produce the fayalite mixture and slightly forsterite, while at low iron content will form a forsterite. Forsterite tends to inhibit reduction of nickel.
Characteristic of Ti-6Al-6Nb alloys following solution treatment with cryogenic cooling for implant applications
Authors: Rokhmanto F , Arief H , Alfirano  , Sutowo C 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Titanium alloys are widely used as implant materials, due to the mechanical properties, one of which is the low elastic modulus. The differences in the elastic modulus of Titanium alloys and Bones are wide enough, therefore it’s necessary to investigate how to obtain a lower Titanium elastic modulus. In this paper used Ti-6Al-6Nb alloys as an implant material. The Ti-6Al-6Nb alloys Solution Treated at 1100°C, following cryogenic cooling with liquid Nitrogen. Before that The Ti-6Al-6Nb alloys Homogenized at 1100°C for 12 hours, then Hot rolled with preheated at 1100°C for 30 minutes. As comparison Solution Treatment also done in the ice water cooling and air cooling. The Ti-6Al-6Nb alloys characterized with a hardness test, metallographic and ultrasonic test to obtain the elastic modulus. The analysis shows that the lowest elastic modulus was 100,19 GPa and highest hardness was 52,54 HRc is in the cryogenic cooling process due to the beta phase formed.
Decomposition of spodumene mineral in granitic rocks from South Kalimantan - Indonesia by potassium sulphate
Authors: Suharyanto A , Lalasari L H , Mubarok M Z 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The decomposition behaviour of spodumene mineral in granitic rock from Kalimantan Indonesia by using potassium sulphate has been studied in this research. The granitic rock from Kalimantan is indicated to contain spodumene mineral. The sspodumene is one of the main minerals which contains lithium. The purpose of this study is to decompose the α-spodumene mineral in the granitic rock of Kalimantan to β-spodumene which is subsequently easier to be dissolved in water. In this study, the decomposition of α-spodumene was performed under variations of roasting temperatures (i.e. 350°C, 450°C, 550°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C and 1000°C) and roasting times (20 min, 40 min and 60 min). The results of the decomposition products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was identified that the granitic rock from Kalimantan consists of α-spodumene (LiAlSi2O6) with lithium content of 3.09 ppm and the other major minerals are quartz (SiO2) and albite (NaAlSiO3O8). The α-spodumene was completely converted to β-spodumene at 700°C for 60 minutes.
Efficiency and characterization study of low voltage current sacrificial anode on Al-Zn-Cu and Al-Zn-Si alloy
Authors: Ferdian D , D Yudha R , M Ario W , Yunita T , Sulistijono  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The sacrifice of the anode is the cathodic protection used to prevent corrosion. Al-Zn-In alloys are often used it causes excessive protection that can increase the possibility of hydrogen embrittlement in high-strength steel. Therefore, the solution is to use aluminum alloys with low voltage current. The purpose of this research is to know the efficiency of aluminum sacrificial anode with alloy elements Zn, Si and Cu as low voltage current. As well as studying the potential of Al alloys with elements Zn, Cu and Si can be used as sacrificial anodes at sea water conditions. Testing methods performed are Optical Emission Spectroscopy testing, weight loss testing, efficiency testing, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy testing, and metallographic testing. From this research, we found the result of Al-Zn-Cu alloy which has electrochemical capacity and best efficiency is Al-5Zn-0,1Cu Alloy for 2795 Ah / kg with 98% efficiency and Al-Zn-Si alloy with capacity value electrochemistry and the best efficiency is Al-5Zn-0.1Si alloy for 2808 Ah / kg with 98% efficiency. The lowest value of transfer resistance is found in Al-5Zn-0.1Cu alloy and Al-5Zn-0.1Si alloy with the value of 1012.7 Ω and 1092.9 Ω and the double capacitance value in the smallest Al-Zn-Cu alloy is alloy Al-5Zn-0.5Cu with the value of 13.2 μMho while in Al-Zn-Si alloys are present in Al-5Zn-0.5Si with the value of 19 μMho. With the structure obtained is the greater the addition of Cu and Si, the more rough and corroded surface sacrificial anodes.
The application of zinc oxide layer as ethylene sensor
Authors: Sholehah A , Pusparasmi D A , Yuliarto B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
As an emerging n-type semiconductor, ZnO has been widely applied in sensor area. In this study, we prepared an ethylene sensor using ZnO layer on FTO glass substrate. The seed layer was deposited using simple electrodeposition method using voltage of -1.1 V for 2 hours in cold bath (6°C). The ZnO layer was further grown using CBD technique at 90°C for 2 hours. In order to observe the effect of structural manipulation on the sensor performance, some of the ZnO layer samples were undergoing hydrothermal treatment at 100ºC for 1 hour under 1 bar N2 gas. After annealing process, all ZnO layers were exposed with 50 ppm ethylene gas in closed chamber. Based on the results, it is shown that the optimum ZnO layer has been successfully identified the ethylene gas in concentration of 50 ppm, with response value of 2.40% at 200°C.
Corrosion resistance of epoxy primer, polyurethane, and silyl acrylate anti-fouling on carbon steel
Authors: Devanny S , Riastuti R 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Anti-fouling paint is commonly applied as a protective coating on steel structures in the marine environment; one of the anti-fouling paint materials is silyl acrylate copolymer which can hydrolyse with seawater and form leaching layers to release biocide pigments. This study evaluates a three-layer paint comprised of epoxy primer, polyurethane, and silyl acrylate anti-fouling on carbon steel plates through polarization measurements and a salt spray test. Linear polarization measurements are carried out on an unscribed specimen with a potential range of -1.0 to 1.0 Volts. The salt spray test is conducted on scribed specimens, lasts 168 hours, and involves periodic visual observation. The polarization analysis shows pseudo-passive behavior in a system that represents, first, the less protective passive layer of primer and, second, the progressive erosion of a leaching layer of the anti-fouling paint which exposes a new layer beneath. The salt spray test shows that the three-layer paint has poor corrosion resistance in the atmospheric environment indicated by peeled layers and the occurrence of underfilm corrosion since the 48-hour test period.
Reply to comment on ‘The Computational 2D Materials Database: high-throughput modeling and discovery of atomically thin crystals’
Authors: Haastrup Sten , Strange Mikkel , Pandey Mohnish , Deilmann Thorsten , Schmidt Per S , Hinsche Nicki F , Gjerding Morten N , Torelli Daniele , Larsen Peter M , Riis-Jensen Anders C , Gath Jakob , Jacobsen Karsten W , Mortensen Jens Jørgen , Olsen Thomas , Thygesen Kristian S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In his comment Maździarz 2019 (2D Mater. 6 048001) raises doubts concerning the reliability of our test for dynamical (in particular elastic) stability of monolayer materials, which neglects the shear components of the stiffness tensor and only considers the sign of the planar stiffness coefficients. We agree that our analysis has not been complete, but find that it suffices in practice except for very few cases (less than 1% of the materials). Nevertheless, for completeness we are currently calculating the shear components of the elastic tensor for all the materials in the C2DB.
The Development of the ‘Modern’ Criminal Law of Evidence in English Law and in France, Germany and the Netherlands: 1750–1900
Authors: Bloemberg R G 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this article a comparative historical analysis is given of the development of the criminal law of evidence between 1750 and 1870 in, on the one hand, English law and, on the other hand, in the continental jurisdictions of France, Germany and the Netherlands. The main argument is that, although there were significant differences, there were also important similarities in the development of the criminal law of evidence among these jurisdictions that so far have largely gone unnoticed. The article focuses on the ideas underlying the reform of the criminal law of evidence. It will be argued that there were in particular two important ideological changes in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that shaped the reform of the criminal law of evidence. For lack of a better term, these developments are called the ‘political-constitutional discourse’ and the ‘epistemological discourse’. The epistemological change consisted of the adoption of a probabilistic conception of the certainty that was required in criminal cases. The term ‘political-constitutional discourse’ is meant to designate the general process of rethinking the relationship between the state and its citizens that took place between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries.
Antithrombotic treatment and major adverse cardiac events after bleeding in patients with myocardial infarction: a retrospective analysis of nationwide registry data
Authors: Nabi Hafsah , Rørth Rasmus , Tajchman Daniel H , Holmvang Lene , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Gislason Gunnar , Fosbøl Emil L , Køber Lars , Sørensen Rikke 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
The aim of this study was to describe the use of antithrombotic therapy following a bleeding event among patients with myocardial infarction (MI), and the associated risk of major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Methods and results
Using Danish nationwide registries, patients hospitalized with a bleeding event within 1 year after MI were identified. Antithrombotic treatment with aspirin, clopidogrel, and/or vitamin K antagonists (VKA) was determined at the bleeding and at Day 90 and 180 post-bleed. Based on guidelines, patients were stratified into four groups: expected, reduced, discontinued, or intensified treatment. Risk of MACE (ischaemic stroke, MI, or death) within the first year was assessed by Cox proportional hazard models. A total of 3324 patients with a bleeding after MI were included. At Day 90 post-bleed, 1052 (31.7%) received expected antithrombotic treatment, 1301 (39.2%) reduced, 164 (4.9%) intensified, and 807 (24.3%) no treatment. Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 637 (19.2%) patients. With dual antiplatelet therapy as reference, adjusted hazard ratios for MACE were: aspirin 1.81 (1.06–3.09), clopidogrel 1.08 (0.64–1.82), VKA 1.08 (0.47–2.48), VKA + aspirin 1.97 (0.95–4.07), VKA + clopidogrel 0.26 (0.03–1.91), triple 1.73 (0.50–5.95), and no treatment 1.93 (1.11–3.36).

Conclusion
The majority of MI patients reduced or discontinued their antithrombotic therapy post-bleed. Patients in monotherapy with aspirin or no treatment post-bleed had a higher risk of MACE Further studies of optimal antithrombotic treatments after a bleed are needed.
Novel cortex lytic enzymes in Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores
Authors: Riyami Bahja Al , Ghosh Abhinaba , Rees Eric J , Christie Graham 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Present models for spore germination in Bacillus species include a requirement for either the SleB or CwlJ cortex lytic enzymes to efficiently depolymerise the spore cortex. Previous work has demonstrated that B. megaterium spores may differ to other species in this regard, since sleB cwlJ null mutant spores complemented with the gene in trans for the non-peptidoglycan lysin YpeB can efficiently degrade the cortex. Here, we identify two novel cortex lytic enzymes, encoded at the BMQ_2391 and BMQ_3234 loci, which are essential for cortex hydrolysis in the absence of SleB and CwlJ. Ellipsoid localisation microscopy places the BMQ_3234 protein within the inner-spore coat, a region of the spore that is populated by other cortex lytic enzymes. The findings reinforce the idea that there is a degree of variation in mechanisms of cortex hydrolysis across the Bacillales, raising potential implications for environmental decontamination strategies based upon targeted inactivation of components of the spore germination apparatus.
Effect of chronic and acute heat challenges on fecal microbiota composition, production, and thermoregulation traits in growing pigs1,2
Authors: Le Sciellour Mathilde , Zemb Olivier , Hochu Isabelle , Riquet Juliette , Gilbert Hélène , Giorgi Mario , Billon Yvon , Gourdine Jean-Luc , Renaudeau David 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The present study aimed at investigating the impact of heat challenges on gut microbiota composition in growing pigs and its relationship with pigs’ performance and thermoregulation responses. From a total of 10 F1 sire families, 558 and 564 backcross Large White × Créole pigs were raised and phenotyped from 11 to 23 wk of age in temperate (TEMP) and in tropical (TROP) climates, respectively. In TEMP, all pigs were subjected to an acute heat challenge (3 wk at 29 °C) from 23 to 26 wk of age. Feces samples were collected at 23 wk of age both in TEMP and TROP climate (TEMP23 and TROP23 samples, respectively) and at 26 wk of age in TEMP climate (TEMP26 samples) for 16S rRNA analyses of fecal microbiota composition. The fecal microbiota composition significantly differed between the 3 environments. Using a generalized linear model on microbiota composition, 182 operational taxonomic units (OTU) and 2 pathways were differentially abundant between TEMP23 and TEMP26, and 1,296 OTU and 20 pathways between TEMP23 and TROP23. Using fecal samples collected at 23 wk of age, pigs raised under the 2 climates were discriminated with 36 OTU using a sparse partial least square discriminant analysis that had a mean classification error-rate of 1.7%. In contrast, pigs in TEMP before the acute heat challenge could be discriminated from the pigs in TEMP after the heat challenge with 32 OTU and 9.3% error rate. The microbiota can be used as biomarker of heat stress exposition. Microbiota composition revealed that pigs were separated into 2 enterotypes. The enterotypes were represented in both climates. Whatever the climate, animals belonging to the Turicibacter–Sarcina–Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype were 3.3 kg heavier (P < 0.05) at 11 wk of age than those belonging to the Lactobacillus-dominated enterotype. This latter enterotype was related to a 0.3 °C lower skin temperature (P < 0.05) at 23 wk of age. Following the acute heat challenge in TEMP, this enterotype had a less-stable rectal temperature (0.34 vs. 0.25 °C variation between weeks 23 and 24, P < 0.05) without affecting growth performance (P > 0.05). Instability of the enterotypes was observed in 34% of the pigs, switching from an enterotype to another between 23 and 26 wk of age after heat stress. Despite a lower microbial diversity, the Turicibacter–Sarcina–Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype was better adapted to heat stress conditions with lower thermoregulation variations.
Detection of Nutmeg Abuse by Gas Chromatography—Mass Spectrometric Screening of Urine
Authors: Neukamm Merja A , Schwelm Hannes M , Vieser Simon , Schiesel Nadine , Auwärter Volker 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
High doses of nutmeg (seeds from Myristica fragrans Houtt.) can be abused as a psychoactive drug due to phenylpropene ingredients. During controlled abstinence, e.g., in forensic psychiatric clinics, nutmeg abuse has to be distinguished from an ingestion of other spices having phenylpropene ingredients (e.g., black pepper or garden lovage) or unintentional low-dose nutmeg intake. The aim of this study was to develop an evaluation model for the estimation of time point and amount of nutmeg abuse and differentiation from ingestion of other spices or low doses of nutmeg based on the gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric (GC–MS) analysis of urine samples. A total of 3 volunteers ingested 1.5 g of freshly ground nutmeg. No symptoms were reported. Urine samples were collected for up to 3 days. In addition, 18 blank samples from volunteers with regular diet and 2 authentic samples from forensic psychiatry patients with supposed nutmeg abuse were analyzed. All samples were analyzed by GC–MS in full scan mode. Metabolites of the nutmeg ingredients safrole, myristicin and elemicin were identified via a library search. For semi-quantitative estimations, the area ratios of the analytes to the internal standard (MDMA-d5) were normalized to the creatinine concentration. Up to 8 different metabolites were detected for at least 18 hours after intake of 1.5 g of nutmeg. In the two authentic samples, the normalized area ratios of those metabolites were 0.5–14 times the maximum reached in the intake study. Two additional metabolites could be detected in authentic samples. Probably due to ingestion of other spices, 5 of the 8 metabolites after intake of 1.5 g of nutmeg were detected in blank urine samples as well. The intake of high doses of nutmeg can be differentiated from the ingestion of other spices or low doses of nutmeg via standard GC–MS analysis of urine and application of the proposed evaluation model.
The waiting game: laparoscopic repair of dual Morgagni and paraesophageal hernias in an elderly, infirm patient
Authors: Patel Ami P , Samsami Dorsa , Lee Chloe , Lakha Asif , Ehrenpreis Eli D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Morgagni hernias are congenital diaphragmatic disruptions that occur when intra-abdominal organs herniate posterior to the sternum. It is very rare to concomitantly diagnose a paraesophageal hernia (PEH) in a patient with a Morgagni hernia. Here, we describe an elderly female patient presenting with severe chest pain subsequently diagnosed with a non-strangulated Morgagni hernia as well as PEH. She underwent successful robotic laparoscopic surgical repair of the hernias with resolution of her symptoms. This case demonstrates the need for early surgical intervention of Morgagni hernias to prevent sequelae, such as strangulation, and the rising benefits of laparoscopic repairs in adult patients.
Split-Sample Design with Parallel Protocols to Reduce Cost and Nonresponse Bias in Surveys
Authors: Peytchev Andy 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Response rates in household surveys are declining, increasing the risk of nonresponse bias in survey estimates. Survey costs are increasing. As a result, design features such as higher monetary incentives are needed but often cannot be afforded. Two or more survey protocols could be implemented in parallel, where some have lower nonresponse while others have lower cost, as long as the data can be combined in a way that reflects the reduced potential for nonresponse bias under the more intensive protocol. We describe the main barrier to the use of such an approach—that traditional methods ignore the expected lower bias in one condition. The proposed approach includes random assignment of sample members to a data collection protocol and adjustment of survey estimates to the superior protocol, based on key survey variables—if differences in estimates are found. This represents a major departure from the current practice in constructing nonresponse adjustments and leverages the use of the same sampling design, survey instrument, and measurement procedures in each condition. An illustrative example is presented using data from a national survey. Methods to address both bias reduction and variance estimation are described. We end with limitations and suggestions for future research.