bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking Land Use to Atlantic Salmon Production to Guide Recovery Planning
Authors: Bowlby Heather D. , Gibson A. Jamie F. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Quantifying functional relationships between abundance and land use is critical during recovery planning for endangered freshwater and diadromous fishes. However, there is little practical guidance on how much abundance might be expected to change from specific types or magnitudes of land use, making it difficult to identify specific sites for restoration or to prioritize among remediation actions. To address these needs for endangered Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar inhabiting the Southern Upland region of Nova Scotia, Canada, we developed a suite of hierarchical models to evaluate the functional form and magnitude of response of populations to land use at two spatial scales. Juvenile distribution patterns showed a strong longitudinal gradient throughout the stream network, with higher densities occurring in headwaters, which suggests that maintaining connectivity as well as unmodified landscapes in the upper reaches of rivers should be prioritized to aid recovery. Relative to threats, there was no single type of land use that was primarily associated with changes in juvenile abundance. Instead, responses to the combined suite of land-use types were nonlinear and did not appear dependent on spatial scale. When the proportion of natural forest cover was high, populations appeared to benefit from low levels of anthropogenic land use, declining with increasing human activity only once the average proportion of natural forest cover was low. To use threat relationships in recovery planning, we propose a simple quantitative index based on the extent of development in the vicinity of rivers to identify sites for remediation or protection. To aid future monitoring, we demonstrate why site-specific electrofishing catchability must be estimated when evaluating population responses to landscape change.
Kinetics Studies on a Multicomponent Knoevenagel−Michael Domino Reaction by an Automated Flow Reactor
Authors: Haas Christian P. , Tallarek Ulrich 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe optimization of complex chemical reaction systems is often a troublesome and time‐consuming process. The application of modern technologies, including automated reactors and analytics, opens the avenue for generating large data sets on chemical reaction processes in a short period of time. In this work, an automated flow reactor is used to present detailed kinetics and mechanistic studies about an amine‐catalyzed Knoevenagel−Michael domino reaction to yield tetrahydrochromene derivatives. High‐performance monoliths as catalyst supports and online coupled HPLC analysis allow for time‐efficient data generation. We show that the two‐step multicomponent domino reaction does not follow the kinetics of consecutive reaction steps proceeding independently from each other. Instead, the starting materials of both individual reactions compete for the active sites on the heterogeneous catalyst, which lowers the rate constants of both steps. This knowledge was used to implement a more efficient experimental setup which increased the turnover numbers of the catalyst, without adjusting common reaction parameters like temperature, reaction time, and concentrations.
Acting on Work Designs: Providing Support for Validation and Implementation of Envisioned Changes
Authors: Oppl Stefan , Stary Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis chapter introduces methods to enable to act on the results of articulation and alignment processes. As such, it outlines paths towards sharing and anchoring new work practices in organizations. The proposed methodologically grounded interventions allow to qualitatively validate novel work practices and to agree on strategies for their organization-wide roll-out. Drawing from current practice-oriented research in organizational development, Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW), and knowledge management, this chapter also includes an account on supporting technology that could be used to aid method deployment.
Case Studies
Authors: Oppl Stefan , Stary Christian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates the use of the proposed framework for digital work design and the embedded methods. It shows the mutual interplay of its components for articulating work knowledge, organizational learning, knowledge processing, and preserving design-relevant knowledge. The case studies describe the impact that could be generated through digital design support. The healthcare case demonstrates how meaningful work-model entities evolve in the course of articulation and guide aligned re-structuring of work. It stems from a complex planning process in clinical health treatment requiring the structured elicitation of contextual knowledge from all stakeholders involved to develop working procedures in time-critical situations. The CoMPArE/WP (Collaborative Model Articulation and Elicitation of Work Processes)-case has its focus on alignment when bridging from intuitive or semi-structured models to techno-centric (formal) models that can be executable for some workflow engine. The education case targets educator knowledge involving domain knowledge, didactic competence, and social skills. Finally, the Me2Me2You-case addresses mental model alignment of interaction behavior for executable workflow support from a cascaded interaction perspective.
A Pilot Study on Measuring Tissue Motion During Carotid Surgery Using Video‐Based Analyses for the Objective Assessment of Surgical Performance
Authors: Sugiyama Taku , Nakamura Toshitaka , Ito Yasuhiro , Tokairin Kikutaro , Kazumata Ken , Nakayama Naoki , Houkin Kiyohiro 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ‘gentle’ handling of tissue (i.e., ‘respect for tissue’) is a fundamental aspect of surgical performance and learning. To date, there have been no methodological assessments that quantitatively measure ‘gentleness.’ Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to propose a novel metric for gentle surgical maneuvers, (2) to validate the feasibility of this methodology, and (3) to explore safer surgical techniques through this methodology.MethodsUsing surgical video‐based motion software, the motion of the carotid artery around plaque was analyzed and quantified during a carotid endarterectomy. Kinematic parameters (minimum and maximum acceleration, and maximum and mean velocity) were compared among the surgical tasks and techniques, as well as between novice and expert surgeons.ResultsThe surgical tasks of dissecting the common carotid artery, passing the proximal vessel loops, and ligating vessels showed the highest absolute values of kinematic parameters. Dissections perpendicular to the line of the internal carotid artery tended to show higher kinematic parameters than those in the parallel direction, with blunt dissections typically higher than sharp dissections. The kinematic parameters of novice surgeons were significantly higher than those of experts, and receiver operating curve analysis showed a strong discriminative power.ConclusionThis study shows that tissue motion parameters could be a novel and feasible surrogate marker for the objective assessment on the ‘gentleness’ of surgical performance. Future studies should be performed to further elucidate the relationship on the direct correlation between tissue kinematic data and clinical outcomes or surgical adverse events.
On the need to consider wood formation processes in global vegetation models and a suggested approach
Authors: Friend Andrew D. , Eckes-Shephard Annemarie H. , Fonti Patrick , Rademacher Tim T. , Rathgeber Cyrille B. K. , Richardson Andrew D. , Turton Rachael H. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

• Key message

Dynamic global vegetation models are key tools for interpreting and forecasting the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to climatic variation and other drivers. They estimate plant growth as the outcome of the supply of carbon through photosynthesis. However, growth is itself under direct control, and not simply controlled by the amount of available carbon. Therefore predictions by current photosynthesis-driven models of large increases in future vegetation biomass due to increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2may be significant over-estimations. We describe how current understanding of wood formation can be used to reformulate global vegetation models, with potentially major implications for their behaviour.
Forest adaptation to climate change—is non-management an option?
Authors: Jandl Robert , Spathelf Peter , Bolte Andreas , Prescott Cindy E. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Key message
Climate change is posing a considerable challenge to foresters. The intensity of required adaptive measures and the relevance of old-growth forests as benchmark for managed forests are debated. Forest managers need to make decisions on stand treatment that are based on climatological and biological parameters with high uncertainties. We provided the conceptual basis for adaptive forest management and provide a number of case studies that reflect the options and limitations of ways of coping with climate change. The examples are derived from the experience of the authors. We conclude that only few forest types are either not strongly affected by climate change or do not require immediate adaptations of forest management. Many productive forests have stand properties that are decisively shaped by past management decisions, such as tree species composition, age distribution, rotation period, and stand structure. Maintaining these properties under the influence of climate change requires continuous and even increasing efforts of forest managers.
Not So Sweet: Economic Implications of Restricting U.S. Sugar Imports from Mexico
Authors: Sinclair Wilson , Countryman Amanda M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAfter Mexican sugar producers gained unlimited, tariff-free access to the U.S. market in 2008, U.S. and Mexican governments bilaterally agreed to constrain Mexico’s sugar exports to the United States because of dumping allegations by U.S. producers in December 2014. This analysis employs a dynamic partial equilibrium model to estimate the price and welfare impacts of the U.S.-Mexico agreement by simulating the reimplementation of North American Free Trade Agreement sugar policies. Estimates suggest liberalizing the market would decrease U.S. sugar prices, translating to an average annual decrease in producer surplus of approximately $660 million and increase in consumer surplus of $1.67 billion across the simulation.
Coworkers' organizational citizenship behaviors and employees' work attitudes: The moderating roles of perceptions of organizational politics and task interdependence
Authors: Goo Wongun , Choi Yongjun , Choi Wonseok 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the relationship between coworkers' organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and employees' work attitudes. In addition, we test if the two-situational factors – perceptions of organizational politics and task interdependence – moderate the relationship between coworkers' OCBs and focal employees' work attitudes. Using a sample of 411 employees, we found that coworkers' OCBs beneficial to organizations (OCBO) was positively related to focal employees' job satisfaction but negatively related to their turnover intention. The relationship between coworkers' OCBO and job satisfaction was stronger when perceptions of organizational politics were low. On the other hand, the relationship between coworkers' OCBs beneficial to other individuals and turnover intention was stronger when task interdependence was high. Implications of these results and future research directions are discussed.
Response of glacier flow and structure to proglacial lake development and climate at Fjallsjökull, south-east Iceland
Authors: DELL REBECCA , CARR RACHEL , PHILLIPS EMRYS , RUSSELL ANDREW J. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTOver recent decades, the number of outlet glaciers terminating in lakes in Iceland has increased in line with climate warming. The mass-balance changes of these lake-terminating outlet glaciers are sensitive to rising air temperatures, due to altered glacier dynamics and increased surface melt. This study aims to better understand the relationship between proglacial lake development, climate, glacier dynamics and glacier structure at Fjallsjökull, a large, lake-terminating outlet glacier in south-east Iceland. We used satellite imagery to map glacier terminus position and lake extent between 1973 and 2016, and a combination of aerial and satellite imagery to map the structural architecture of the glacier's terminus in 1982, 1994 and 2011. The temporal evolution of ice surface velocities between 1990 and 2018 was calculated using feature tracking. Statistically significant increases in the rate of terminus retreat and lake expansion were identified in 2001, 2009 and 2011. Our surface velocity and structural datasets revealed the development of localised flow ‘corridors’ over time, which conveyed relatively faster flow towards the glacier's terminus. We attribute the overall changes in dynamics and structural architecture at Fjallsjökull to rising air temperatures, but argue that the spatial complexities are driven by glacier specific factors, such as basal topography.
Being explicit about the implicit: inference generating techniques in visual narrative
Authors: COHN NEIL 
Published: April 2019

abstractInference has long been acknowledged as a key aspect of comprehending narratives of all kinds, be they verbal discourse or visual narratives like comics and films. While both theoretical and empirical evidence points towards such inference generation in sequential images, most of these approaches remain at a fairly broad level. Few approaches have detailed the specific cues and constructions used to signal such inferences in the first place. This paper thereby outlines several specific entrenched constructions that motivate a reader to generate inference. These techniques include connections motivated by the morphology of visual affixes like speech balloons and thought bubbles, the omission of certain narrative categories, and the substitution of narrative categories for certain classes of panels. These mechanisms all invoke specific combinatorial structures (morphology, narrative) that mismatch with the elicited semantics, and can be generalized by a set of shared descriptive features. By detailing specific constructions, this paper aims to push the study of inference in visual narratives to be explicit about when and why meaning is ‘filled in’ by a reader, while drawing connections to inference generation in other modalities.
Assessment of on-farm welfare for dairy cattle in southern Spain and its effects on reproductive parameters
Authors: Molina Laura , Agüera Estrella , Maroto-Molina Francisco , Pérez-Marín Carlos Carmelo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this Research Communication we analyse the animal welfare status of dairy farms located in southern Spain and test the hypothesis that monitoring of wellbeing could increase the profitability of dairy herds by improving indices of reproduction. Twenty dairy farms were visited and a total of 1650 cows were assessed using the Welfare Quality® (WQ) protocol to determine their welfare status. These farms were selected as representatives of the main types of dairy farms found in the south of Spain. No farms attained a welfare status of ‘excellent’, but all obtained an adequate score for most parameters. Feeding assessment showed relatively low variability among farms, whereas housing and health assessments exhibited high variability. Significant correlations were found between a number of welfare parameter pairings: between percentage of collisions and time needed to lie down; between cleanliness of water points and cleanliness of various animal parts; between farms with access to an outdoor loafing area and an inadequate body condition score and with animal cleanliness; between the frequency of animals lying partly or completely outside of the lying area and the percentage of integument alterations and finally between the presence of respiratory problems and farm hygiene parameters. Furthermore, significant correlations between welfare parameters, reproductive indices and milk production were found. The percentage of cows exhibiting an inadequate body condition score and farms where cows took longer to lie down were correlated with the calving-first insemination interval. Animals showing a higher incidence of coughing and hampered respiration presented lower heat detection rates and milk production and finally farms with dirtier animals had lower milk production. This study is the first step towards including welfare in the recording of routine data in dairy cattle farms in southern Spain.
Aspirational theism and gratuitous suffering
Authors: LICON JIMMY ALFONSO 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPhilosophers have long wondered whether God exists; and yet, they have ignored the question of whether we should hope that He exists – call this stance aspirational theism. In this article, I argue that we have a weighty pro tanto reason to adopt this stance: theism offers a metaphysical guarantee against gratuitous suffering (i.e. God would not permit gratuitous suffering). On the other hand, few atheist alternatives offer such a guarantee – and even then, there are reasons to worry that they are inferior to the theistic alternative. Given this difference, we have a strong pro tanto, but not all-things-considered, reason to adopt aspirational theism.
Les paradoxes de la Protohistoire française
Authors: Lehoërff Anne 
Published: April 2019

Résumé Au XIXe siècle, alors que l’archéologie se constitue progressivement en un champ disciplinaire en Europe, la France choisit une voie particulière qui marque encore aujourd’hui les recherches et l’enseignement universitaire. Refusant la périodisation des trois âges mise au point en Scandinavie, ellemilite pour une origine méditerranéenne de son histoire et associe l’archéologie à l’histoire de l’art. La Préhistoire trouve sa légitimité dans le cercle des naturalistes, qui reste néanmoins marginal dans les structures académiques liées au champ historique. Dans les années 1880, Gabriel de Mortillet propose une « Protohistoire » destinée à combler une lacune en termes de période. Pendant des décennies, cette « quatrième voie » chronologique n’a pas bénéficié d’un grand dynamisme en France et n’a reçu aucune reconnaissance, tandis que le reste de l’Europe faisait progresser la connaissance sur le Néolithique, l’âge du Bronze et l’âge du Fer. Dénoncé dès les années 1950, ce retard n’a commencé à être comblé qu’à partir de la fin des années 1960 en France. La question de la Protohistoire n’y est toujours pas réglée à l’aube du XXIe siècle alors que le reste de l’Europe, sans toujours adopter le terme, a depuis longtemps légitimé cette période historique.
Dolorisme rel igieuxet reconstructions identitaires: Les conversions néo-évangéliques dans l’Algérie contemporaine
Authors: Dirèche Karima 
Published: April 2019

RésuméL’Algérie (et le Maghreb en général) est considérée depuis plusieurs décennies comme une terre demission par diverses obédiences néo-évangéliques mondialisées. Les conversions se multiplient, les lieux de culte émergent un peu partout. Les revendications publiques pour une liberté de culte et de conscience ont déclenché un véritable débat national et des réactions plutôt autoritaires et souvent répressives de la part des autorités politiques et religieuses. Cet article analyse le phénomène de la conversion à l’échelle de la Kabylie, région berbère du nord de l’Algérie et considérée (dans les représentations médiatiques et étatiques) comme favorable à la présence missionnaire et à l’entreprise apostolique chrétienne. Dans une perspective historique, l’auteur propose une lecture de la conversion à l’aide de plusieurs paramètres : enjeux identitaires et militants autour de la berbérité, questions économiques liées à la redistribution de la rente pétrolière, effets de la décennie noire, impasse du projet de société, usages idéologiques du passé. Tout cela concourt à l’explication d’un phénomène qui dépasse largement la question de la foi.
La justice révolutionnaireen Amérique du Sud pendant les guerres d’indépendance
Authors: Bragoni Beatriz 
Published: April 2019

RésuméL’article examine un procès criminel qui eut lieu dans la capitale du gouvernement deCuyo, en 1818, au cours des guerres d’indépendance hispano-américaines, avec l’intentionde l’analyser comme une pratique judiciaire, source privilégiée pour examiner la pluraliténormative et procédurale alors en vigueur et les procédures pénales inquisitoires mises enœuvre, objets du débat historiographique contemporain. L’exercice spécifique de la preuveet les arguments qui ont légitimé la condamnation sont également analysés. En l’absenced’un centre de pouvoir unifié, ce cas de sédition permet de mettre en lumière une mutationde la culture politique, où patriotisme et vertu républicaine deviennent prépondérants, audétriment de la tradition monarchique.
L’OAS à Alger en 1962
Authors: Thénault Sylvie 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLe Tribunal de l’ordre public jugea en Algérie des centaines de membres de l’OrganisationArmée Secrète (OAS), entre le cessez-le-feu et l’indépendance, en 1962. De ses dossiersémergent deux grandes catégories d’acteurs de la violence de cette période : les jeunes etles anciens militaires. Les premiers s’engagèrent dans le terrorisme aveugle, les secondsdans les maquis, qui attirèrent aussi les militants d’extrême droite. Généralement nés en Algérie et entrés à l’OAS peu avant leur arrestation, ces hommes ont un profil caractéristiquede ce contexte particulier, lorsque l’OAS devait recruter dans l’urgence pour éviter de disparaître, tandis que les événements poussaient les Français d’Algérie dans ses bras.
Un « tournant spatial » en histoire ?
Authors: Torre Angelo 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLe succès récent de la catégorie de paysage en histoire permet d’examiner les formes et les contenus du « tournant spatial ». L’utilisation de cette catégorie en termes essentiellement visuels et symboliques de la part des historiens et des géographes peut être mise en relation avec l’influence de la géographie culturelle. Cet article essaie d’identifier quelques-unes des discussions théoriques qui ont donné naissance à cette démarche méthodologique, et en particulier sa distance par rapport à l’analyse localisée des processus. Enfin, l’auteur propose une lecture alternative de la notion de paysage grâce aux méthodes de l’écologie historique, dont il illustre les possibilités explicatives à travers un exemple d’analyse localisée des pratiques d’utilisation des ressources végétales dans les montagnes de Ligurie.
Les réformes russes du XVIe siècle :un mythe historiographique ?
Authors: Krom Mihail M. 
Published: April 2019

RésuméTraditionally, the reign of Ivan IV “the Terrible” is seen in the Russian historiography as an era of deep reforms, including the currency, the police and the justice system. This article points to the limitations of such a view, based on an anachronistic understanding of “reform” as a conscious, planned, and well-considered effort. Sources rather reveal a host of local and temporary measures aiming at restoring the traditional order. From the study of the dynamics of those decisions, the role of the czar and the other political actors, and the conditions of local experimentations, a new image of 16th-century Russia emerges: that of a political system based on the practice of “corrections according to tradition.”