bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Population of Bona Fide Intermediate-mass Black Holes Identified as Low-luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Chilingarian Igor V. , Katkov Ivan Yu. , Zolotukhin Ivan Yu. , Grishin Kirill A. , Beletsky Yuri , Boutsia Konstantina , Osip David J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Nearly every massive galaxy harbors a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in its nucleus. SMBH masses are millions to billions of solar mass, and they correlate with properties of spheroids of their host galaxies. While the SMBH growth channels, mergers, and gas accretion are well established, their origin remains uncertain: they could have emerged either from massive “seeds” (105–106
M
⊙) formed by direct collapse of gas clouds in the early universe or from smaller (100 M
⊙) BHs, end products of first stars. The latter channel would leave behind numerous intermediate-mass BHs (IMBHs, 102–105
M
⊙). Although many IMBH candidates have been identified, none are accepted as definitive; thus, their very existence is still debated. Using data mining in wide-field sky surveys and applying dedicated analysis to archival and follow-up optical spectra, we identified a sample of 305 IMBH candidates having masses

3
×

10

4

M
⊙

<

M

BH

<
2
×

10

5

M

⊙

, which reside in galaxy centers and are accreting gas that creates characteristic signatures of a type I active galactic nucleus (AGN). We confirmed the AGN nature of 10 sources (including five previously known objects that validate our method) by detecting the X-ray emission from their accretion disks, thus defining the first bona fide sample of IMBHs in galactic nuclei. All IMBH host galaxies possess small bulges and sit on the low-mass extension of the

M

BH

–

M

bulge

scaling relation, suggesting that they must have experienced very few if any major mergers over their lifetime. The very existence of nuclear IMBHs supports the stellar-mass seed scenario of the massive BH formation.
BST1047+1156: An Extremely Diffuse and Gas-rich Object in the Leo I Group
Authors: Mihos J. Christopher , Carr Christopher T. , Watkins Aaron E. , Oosterloo Tom , Harding Paul 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We report the detection of diffuse starlight in an extragalactic H i cloud in the nearby Leo I galaxy group. We detect the source, BST1047+1156, in both broadband optical and the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) ultraviolet (UV) light. Spanning ∼2 kpc in radius, it has a peak surface brightness of μ

B
= 28.8 mag arcsec−2, making it the lowest surface brightness object ever detected via integrated light. Although the object is extremely gas rich, with a gas fraction of f

g
= 0.99, its peak H i column density is well below levels where star formation is typically observed in galaxies. Nonetheless, BST1047+1156 shows evidence for young stellar populations: along with the detected UV emission, the object is extremely blue, with B − V = 0.14 ± 0.09. The object has two tidal tails and is found embedded within diffuse gas connecting the spiral galaxy M96 to the group’s extended H i Leo Ring. The nature of BST1047+1156 is unclear. It could be a disrupting tidal dwarf, recently spawned from star formation triggered in the Leo I group’s tidal debris. Alternatively, the object may have been a pre-existing galaxy—the most extreme example of a gas-rich field low surface brightness galaxy known to date—which had a recent burst of star formation triggered by encounters in the group environment.
Subsets of CD4+, CD8+, and CD25hi Lymphocytes Are in General Not Influenced by Isolation and Long-Term Cryopreservation
Authors: Tompa Andrea , Nilsson-Bowers Anette , Faresjö Maria 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Several key factors can affect the outcome of immunological studies; isolation/cryopreservation can possibly alter T, B, NK, and T-regulatory (Treg) cell marker expression patterns. Blood samples from 50 blood donors supplemented with Na-heparin or K2EDTA were handled within 4 and 24 h after blood sampling. PBMC were isolated with different density gradients. Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular and extracellular CD markers was performed on blood samples freshly isolated PBMC, and PBMC was thawed 6 and 12 mo post-cryopreservation for the purpose of identifying B, NK, Th, T-cytotoxic, and Treg cells. No differences were observed in the percentages for CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD19+, or CD56+CD16+ cells within 24 h of sampling regardless of which supplement or isolation techniques were used. Differentiated (diff) CD4+ cells were in general less affected by isolation and cryopreservation than diff CD8+ cells. Terminally diff effector CD4+ and CD8+ cells were not affected by either isolation of lymphocytes or cryopreservation. In contrast, naive and early-diff effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ cells were affected by isolation and cryopreservation. The percentages of Treg cells defined as CD4+CD25hi expressing CD101 or CD129, CD4+CD25hiCD127−, and CD4+CD25hiCD127−FOXP3+, respectively, remained stable after isolation and cryopreservation. Subsets expressing CD127, with or without FOXP3, were not affected by isolation/cryopreservation. Subsets expressing CD39, contrary to CD45RA, on CD4+CD25+CD127− cells with or without FOXP3 were not affected by either isolation or cryopreservation. In conclusion, subsets of CD4+, CD8+, and CD25hi lymphocytes are in general not influenced by isolation and long-term cryopreservation.
Disrupting the Code: Epigenetic Dysregulation of Lymphocyte Function during Infectious Disease and Lymphoma Development
Authors: Di Pietro Andrea , Good-Jacobson Kim L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Lymphocyte differentiation and identity are controlled by signals in the microenvironment that ultimately mediate gene expression in the nucleus. Although much focus has centered on the strategic and often unique roles transcription factors play within lymphocyte subsets, it is increasingly clear that another level of molecular regulation is crucial for regulating gene expression programs. In particular, epigenetic regulation is critical for appropriately regulated temporal and cell-type–specific gene expression during immune responses. As such, mutations in epigenetic modifiers are linked with lymphomagenesis. Furthermore, certain infections can remodel the epigenome in host cells, either through the microenvironment or by directly co-opting host epigenetic mechanisms, leading to inappropriate gene expression and/or ineffective cellular behavior. This review will focus on how histone modifications and DNA methylation, and the enzymes that regulate the epigenome, underpin lymphocyte differentiation and function in health and disease.
Cutting Edge: Dysregulated CARD9 Signaling in Neutrophils Drives Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Neutrophilic Dermatoses
Authors: Tartey Sarang , Gurung Prajwal , Samir Parimal , Burton Amanda , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Mice homozygous for the Y208N amino acid substitution in the carboxy terminus of SHP-1 (referred to as Ptpn6spin mice) spontaneously develop a severe inflammatory disease resembling neutrophilic dermatosis in humans. Disease in Ptpn6spin mice is characterized by persistent footpad swelling and suppurative inflammation. Recently, in addition to IL-1α and IL-1R signaling, we demonstrated a pivotal role for RIPK1, TAK1, and ASK1 in promoting inflammatory disease in Ptpn6spin mice. In the current study we have identified a previously unknown role for CARD9 signaling as a critical regulator for Ptpn6spin-mediated footpad inflammation. Genetic deletion of CARD9 significantly rescued the Ptpn6spin-mediated footpad inflammation. Mechanistically, enhanced IL-1α–mediated signaling in Ptpn6spin mice neutrophils was dampened in Ptpn6spinCard9−/− mice. Collectively, this study identifies SHP-1 and CARD9 cross-talk as a novel regulator of IL-1α–driven inflammation and opens future avenues for finding novel drug targets to treat neutrophilic dermatosis in humans.
An interview with Stephen Spender
Authors: Jurak Mirko 
Published: August 2018

The interview took place on Wednesday, June 24, 1964 at the offices of the London Magazine. The conversation was recorded and the original tape is in the Library of the Department of English, Edvard Kardelj University of Ljubljana, Yugoslavia. The interview is printed without essential changes, only some redundances and sentence fragments have been omitted, and I tried to preserve the atmosphere of the conversation as much as possible. The text in brackets [] has been added for this article in order to clear some points or to provide the additional bibliographical information.
The Om mani padme hum, the Platonic Soul, the Tao, and the Greek Cross are an Architectural Tool
Authors: Kurent Tine 
Published: August 2018

The plan of Borobuclur conforms with two concentric octagrams. The lines of the scheme, their lengths, and their intersections, determine the articulation of the Borobudur composition, i. e. the sizes of every part and of the whole as well. The sizes of Borobudur are modular. Their modular multiples are Pell numbers, the ratios of which rationally approximate the irrational proportions in octagram If Borobudur numbers are located in the Peli number-pattern and connected with a line, the syllable OM, written in Sanskrit, appears. The word octagram is only the modern European name of the symbol of OM. The prayer OM MANI PADME HUM, translated as 'the JEWEL and the LOTOS', is a good description of octagram.
Michael Ondaatje's reinvention of social and cultural Myths: In the Skin of a Lion
Authors: Gorjup Branko 
Published: August 2018

From the beginning of his writing career in the early sixties until the recent publication of In the Skin of a Lian (1987), the Canada of Michael Ondaatje had represented one thing: a geographical locale which he has selected as his home but which, fundamentally, had failed to engage his imagination. The fictional worlds he created in The Collected Works of Billy the Kid, Coming Through Slaughter and Running in the Family, has been located outside of Canada, each corresponding to an actual place complete with historical and geographical references. For this very reason it has been impossible - as Sam Solecki noted in his introduction to Spider Blues, »a collection of reviews and essays on Ondaatje - to place this anomalous literary presence in Canada within »specifically Canadian tradition of writing ...«, a tradition that would»include and see relationships among figures as different as Roberts, Pratt, F. R. Scott, Purdy and Atwood ...« Ondaatje's »characters, landscapes, stories and themes resist any taxonomies based on overtly Canadian thematics.« In fact, Solecki further suggested that Ondaatje, like »V. S. Naipaul, Derek Walcott and Salmon Rushdie ..., compels a rethinking of the notion of a national tradition«. Similarly, another critic from the same collection described Ondaatje's position in the context of Canadian writing as unique - a position according to which »language or audience or the identity and the role of the poet are indeterminate. «
L'Antigone dans la littérature slovéne: situation ou héroine?
Authors: Koren Evald 
Published: August 2018

Après Ajax (en 1863) et Oedipe àColone (en 1892), Antigone est .la troi­ sìeme tragédie de Sophocle traduite en slovène. En 1912, elle fut mise en scène par le Théâtre national slovène de Ljubljana dans une traduction de Cvetko Golar, cette dernière n'étant publiée que plus tard, en 1924, dans une version assez changée. Le thème d'Antigone, ce mythe littéraire créé par Sophocle, n'émergea pouvtant dans la littérature slovène qu'en 1939 ·lorsque Miran Jarc (1900-1942) publia un texte dramatique plutôt court Antigone de village. Fragment de tragedie. Jarc n'a jamais écrit la tragédie intégrale et, probablement, il n'ava:it même pas l'intention de le faire, ce ˝fragment˝ à la dénomination assez vague, restant done la seule pavtie existante de cette tragédie.
In memoriam Henry A. Christian
Authors: Stanonik Janez 
Published: August 2018

Ruefully the editors of the review Acta Neophilologica announce the loss of our co-worker Henry A. Christian, Professor of American Literature at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. He died on 4. April 1997 on his estate at Millburn in New Jersey. For many years he paid in his scholarly researches special attention to the problems of cultural contacts between Slovenia and the United States in which also Slovenes living in America play an important role: he has approached these problems as an Americanist, interested in the history of American civilization. This is why we wish to remember him on our pages.
"Nothing will come of nothing": an interview with Sir Richard Eyre
Authors: Maver Igor 
Published: August 2018

The article features an interview with Sir Richard Eyre, a long-time Director of the Royal National Theatre in London and the director of the production of William Shakespeare's tragedy King Lear in the very same theatre in 1997, which also saw a successful film version. Sir Richard openly spoke about his dilemmas as a director in the process of staging the play, finding the right east, about rehearsals and the first night performance, as well as about some key scenes interpreted by him somewhat differently, although he essentially firmly relied on the text and the more traditional staging of this famous Shakespeare's tragedy.
La perfezione cavalleresca e cortigiana in "Gyrone il Cortese" di Luigi Alamanni
Authors: Prosenc Šegula Irena 
Published: August 2018

Il poema Gyrone il Cortese di Luigi Alamanni risente tanto dell'influsso delle discussioni teoriche letterarie tardorinascimentali quanto del modello castiglionesco del perfetto cortigiano. L'autore si prefigge di serivere un poema ˝regolare˝ ponendo al centra del suo poema Girone, un eroe perfetto che e un modelio morale, cristiano, cavalleresco, e nel contempo un abile conoscitore di norme sociali. Pertanto, l'eroe di Alamanni oscilla tra l'essere un perfetto cavaliere e l'essere un perfetto cortigiano. Nel poema, l'amore ha una funzione duplice - nobilitante e al contempo degradante- tipica dei poemi cavallereschi rinascimentali italiani. In mancaiiza di una sintesi delle due tendenze contrastanti, la concezione dell'amore risulta incoerente, riflettendo una profonda incoerenza del concetto alamanniano dell'eroe, che esita tra i valori del cavaliere medievale, quelli del cortigiano rinascimentale e quelli dell'etica cristiana.
Selected American and Slovene critical responses to the work of Emily Dickinson
Authors: Godina Polona 
Published: August 2018

Emily Dickinson, deemed one of the greatest and most prolific American woman poets, published only a handful of poems during her lifetime. Since its posthumous discovery, however, her opus has aroused innumerable critical debates, which mainly fall into the following three cat­ egories: psycho-biographical, strictly analytical and feminist. On the contrary, Slovenes have still not yet fully discovered all Dickinson has to offer. In addition to providing a short overview of American criticism on Emily Dickinson, the author of this largely by drawing a comparison with the Slovene woman poet Svetlana Makarovič, who bears a striking resemblance to Dickinson.
Indirect narration : a case study of Conrad's Heart of darkness and Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby
Authors: Šavle Majda 
Published: August 2018

Joseph Conrad's narrative style bas influenced many writers, including F. Scott Fitzgerald. The objective of my study on verbs used in discourse in Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby was to confirm the speculation that besides Conrad's innovative technique of indirect narration there were other techniques (such as careful selection of imagistic detail) Fitzgerald learned from Conrad.
The dispute between Jonathan Franzen and Oprah Winfrey
Authors: Bostič Nina 
Published: August 2018

Following the publication of Jonathan Franzen's The Corrections in September 2001, the novel was selected by Oprah's Book Club. Afterwards, Franzen commented negatively on the club's previ­ ous selections, upon which the invitation was withdrawn. The objective of this paper is to investigate the reasons behind Franzen's negative response, the proceeding media fall-out and the effects of the Winfrey - Franzen dispute.
Productions of Edward Albee's plays in Slovenia and the critics' response
Authors: Zalokar Polonca 
Published: August 2018

The article focuses on Edward Albee's four plays belonging to the theatre of the absurd which have been performed in Slovene theatres so far. The author analyses Albee's The 'Zoo Story, which has been produced four times, his American Dream and A Delicate Balance, which have been performed only once, and Albee's most known work in Slovenia, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, which has been produced six times in Slovene theatres. The continuation of this article focuses on each of Albees above mentioned four plays including their production details, directors, actors, the comparison of critics' opinions and an estimation of how SIovene audiences accepted them according to the number of spectators and critics' responses.
Prediction of wind drift and evaporation losses of a sprinkler irrigation system using principal component analysis and artificial neural network technique
Authors: Marey Samy A , El Marazky Mohamed SA , Aboukarima Abdulwahed M 
Published: August 2018

Principal component analysis was merged with the artificial neural network (ANN) technique to predict wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL) from a sprinkler irrigation system. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted to determine WDEL under different conditions. Data from field experiments and previous studies were used as sample data to train the ANN model. Three models were developed to predict WDEL. In the first model (ANN1), 9 neurons (riser height, main nozzle diameter, auxiliary nozzle diameter, discharge rate of the main nozzle, discharge rate of the auxiliary nozzle, operating pressure, wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity) were used as the input layer. In the second model (ANN2), 7 neurons (riser height, operating pressure, wind speed, air temperature and relative humidity, diameter ratio and discharge ratio) were used as the input layer. The third model (ANN3) used a multivariate technique (PC1, PC2, and PC3). Results revealed that the ANN3 model had the highest coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.8349). The R2 values for the ANN1 and ANN2 models were 0.7792 and 0.4807, respectively. It can be concluded that the ANN3 model has the highest predictive capacity.
Application of molecularly imprinted polymer designed for the selective extraction of ketoprofen from wastewater
Authors: Madikizela Lawrence Mzukisi , Zunngu Silindile Senamile , Mlunguza Nomchenge Yamkelani , Tavengwa Nikita Tawanda , Mdluli Phumlane Selby , Chimuka Luke 
Published: August 2018

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that is selective to ketoprofen was synthesized and applied in the adsorption of the target compound from water. The MIP was synthesized using a bulk polymerization method at high temperatures (60–80°C), where ketoprofen, 2-vinylpyridine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, toluene and 1,1´-azobis(cyclohexanecarbonitrile) were used as template, functional monomer, cross-linker, porogen and initiator, respectively. Non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was synthesized similarly to the MIP but in the absence of ketoprofen. From molecular dynamics simulation, the nature of interactions that occurred between the template and the functional monomer were found to be based on hydrogen bonding. This was confirmed experimentally, where a high extraction efficiency of ≥ 90% was obtained at acidic conditions (pH 5) due to the protonation of ketoprofen. A contact time of 45 min was sufficient for the maximum adsorption of ketoprofen from 10 mL spiked water using 8 mg of the adsorbent. MIP showed greater selectivity than NIP by achieving a relative selectivity coefficient of 7.7 towards ketoprofen in the presence of structurally related pharmaceuticals. Furthermore, the order of sorption onto the MIPs from water was ketoprofen > fenoprofen > gemfibrozil. From a modelling perspective, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model gave the best fit, with maximum adsorption capacity of 8.24 mg·g−1 and sorption rate constant of 0.25 mg·g−1·min−1 for MIP. This was translated to chemisorption of ketoprofen onto the homogeneous MIP binding sites. This work demonstrated the great potential of MIP in selective recognition of ketoprofen from wastewater relative to closely related compounds.
Review: Challenges and opportunities for revitalising smallholder irrigation schemes in South Africa
Authors: Fanadzo M , Ncube B 
Published: August 2018

South Africa is classified as a water-scarce country, and depends on agriculture for food production. The irrigation sector is the largest consumer of water in the country, accounting for about 62% of water utilisation, but also losing 30–40%. Given the threat of drought and climate change, efficient irrigation systems have become a necessity, especially in the smallholder farming sector where most losses occur. Smallholder irrigation schemes (SIS) were developed to improve rural livelihoods through sustainable food production for food security and poverty alleviation, but these development objectives remain largely unfulfilled. The objectives of this review were to assess challenges facing SIS and explore opportunities for revitalising the schemes. The focus was on government policy and strategies to support smallholder farmers. A review of government policy showed that although the needs and interests of smallholder farmers are high on the national agenda, there is insufficient financial support to the sector, suggesting that smallholder agriculture is not really seen as a potential driver of the economy. The core focus of the government on repairing irrigation infrastructure while neglecting the soft components relating to capacity building has partly been blamed for the failure of SIS in South Africa. Capacity building is one of the missing links in smallholder irrigation development and many failures have been attributed to lack of adequately trained farmers and extension staff, particularly in irrigation water management. Land tenure insecurity has been singled out as a major institutional challenge leading to poor performance of irrigation schemes. The diversity of schemes means that different kinds of interventions are needed to respond to varying farmers’ needs, resources and agricultural contexts. These findings point to the need to balance the soft and hard components of the irrigation schemes for sustainability. It is therefore evident that the government needs to review its priorities in revitalisation of SIS. Land tenure policies allowing increased access to arable land need to be developed urgently, together with the promotion of alternative cropping systems that are suitable forthe smallholder farming sector.