bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and Racial Disparities of Late-Stage HIV Diagnosis: Hawaii, 2010–2016
Authors: Li Fenfang , Juan Brandi K. , Wozniak Michelle , Watson Stuart K. , Katz Alan R. , Whiticar Peter M. , McCormick Timothy , Qiu Yuanshan “Sandy” , Wasserman Glenn M. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To examine racial/ethnic disparities in Hawaii in stage 3 classification at HIV diagnosis and trends in such disparities from 2010 through 2016. Methods. We analyzed data including patients’ demographic information, behavioral risk factors, residential county at HIV diagnosis, and type of facility where HIV was diagnosed. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to examine racial/ethnic disparities in late-stage diagnoses after adjustment for known or possible confounders. Results. About 30% of HIV diagnoses were classified as late-stage (stage 3) diagnoses, and there were significant racial/ethnic disparities in stage 3 classification at diagnosis. Relative to Whites, the odds of being diagnosed at stage 3 were 3.7 times higher among Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders (NHPIs; odds ratio [OR] = 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.89, 7.22) and more than twice as high among Asians (OR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.16, 5.20). Older age and being diagnosed in an inpatient setting were associated with stage 3 classification. Conclusions. Targeted preventive services need to be strengthened for Asians and NHPIs in Hawaii.
Age-Period-Cohort Analyses of Tuberculosis Incidence Rates by Nativity, United States, 1996–2016
Authors: Iqbal Shareen A. , Winston Carla A. , Bardenheier Barbara H. , Armstrong Lori R. , Navin Thomas R. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives. To assess changes in US tuberculosis (TB) incidence rates by age, period, and cohort effects, stratified according to race/ethnicity and nativity. Methods. We used US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System data for 1996 to 2016 to estimate trends through age-period-cohort models. Results. Controlling for cohort and period effects indicated that the highest rates of TB incidence occurred among those 0 to 5 and 20 to 30 years of age. The incidence decreased by age for successive birth cohorts. There were greater estimated annual percentage decreases among US-born individuals (–7.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = –7.5, –7.1) than among non–US-born individuals (–4.3%; 95% CI = –4.5, –4.1). US-born individuals older than 25 years exhibited the largest decreases, a pattern that was not reflected among non–US-born adults. In the case of race/ethnicity, the greatest decreases by nativity were among US-born Blacks (–9.3%; 95% CI = –9.6, –9.1) and non–US-born Hispanics (–5.7%; 95% CI = –6.0, –5.5). Conclusions. TB has been decreasing among all ages, races and ethnicities, and consecutive cohorts, although these decreases are less pronounced among non–US-born individuals.
Reducing HIV-Related Health Disparities in the Health Resources and Services Administration’s Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program
Authors: Mandsager Paul , Marier Allison , Cohen Stacy , Fanning Miranda , Hauck Heather , Cheever Laura W. 
Published: November 2018

The Health Resources and Services Administration’s Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) supports direct health care treatment and support services to more than 50% of all people living with diagnosed HIV in the United States. A critical goal of the RWHAP is to reduce HIV-related health disparities to help end the HIV epidemic. From 2010 through 2016, the RWHAP made significant progress reducing viral suppression disparities among client populations, particularly among women, transgender persons, youths, Blacks or African Americans, and unstably housed clients. To assist with the reduction of the remaining disparities in HIV-related health outcomes among clients, the RWHAP continues to support planning and resource allocation for RWHAP Parts A through D and AIDS Drug Assistance Program, as well as through implementing policy and program initiatives, Special Projects of National Significance, evaluation studies, and collaborations to disseminate effective interventions.
Middle East Success Story with World's First Adaptive Drill Bit and Premium Rotary Steerable Technology
Authors: Al-Enezi Dakhil , Gholoum Saleh , Al-Hajeri Mishari , Mohammed Jassem , Al-Enezi Reem , Deori Rupam , Pandya Mehul , Omar Marwa , Agawani Waleed , Valbuena Franklin , Abdelhamid Atef 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The oil and gas industry has experienced multiple market surges and declines over the past decades. The latest downturn further assures the industry's nature of ‘change.’ Technology plays a key role in the management of change, allowing operators to maximize Return on Investment (ROI) through Cost per Foot (CPF) minimization. The adaptive drill bit was introduced to meet a major drilling operator's increasing demand for enhanced drilling efficiency and Non Productive Time (NPT) reduction.
The ‘adaptive drill bit’ embodies a hydro-mechanical apparatus and is entirely autonomous, requiring no input from surface as the system takes action to adapt downhole. Prior to the introduction of this exclusive technology, drill bits have been static devices, incapable of altering their characteristics in response to changes in formation or downhole loading conditions. The smart feature mitigates drilling vibration and hence improves drilling efficiency.
In the subject application, the 12.25-in. intermediate curved section is formed of challenging interbedded lithology [20-30K UCS], known to induce high drilling vibration levels. The high drilling vibrations typically jeopardize tools/rig components reliability and reduce drilling energy efficiency, leading to delayed section delivery and NPT. A diverse international team was appointed to develop an optimized solution for this market opportunity. The team introduced the adaptive drill bit and a premium technology Rotary Steerable System (RSS) combined solution to overcome the high torsional vibrations challenge and improve drilling energy efficiency.
In Kuwait, the first field deployment of the optimized solution reduced vibration levels by 33% and raised Rate of Penetration (ROP) by 42% from average field performance. The adaptive drill bit and RSS drilled at an average ROP of 44.3 ft/hr through approximately 2,500 feet building from 0 to 35 degrees at minimal steer force, offering 14% ROP leverage from competitor's best. The section was safely delivered one day earlier than offsets with zero NPT. Furthermore, the operator has requested for the technology utilization in three new drilling applications.
The Drive to Improve Water Quality via Conservation Adoption: Who's at the Wheel and Where Are We Headed?
Authors: Sharpley Andrew 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
Public impacted by water impairment feels insufficient change within agriculture.
Change by litigation begs the question: Who's at the wheel and where are we headed?
Much litigation has a local focus but broad implications to agriculture.
Agricultural stakeholders must proactively advocate environmental stewardship.
Food service companies are driving change and widening the sphere of who pays.
Despite conservation practice (CP) adoption over the last 20 years, less than expected improvement in water quality has led some to question whether farmers are doing enough or have implemented appropriate CPs. As a result, environmental action groups have called for expansion of more restrictive land management measures. Based on the number of lawsuits from non‐agricultural against agricultural stakeholders, those affected by water quality impairment feel agriculture has changed little. Much litigation is based on geographically localized concerns, although the broader implications to agriculture are immense. In most cases, litigation has increased divisiveness among stakeholders. Thus, agriculture must advocate sound, sustainable environmental stewardship, which includes metrics that transparently track CP adoption and outcomes. Even though cost‐effective CPs are available that decrease nutrient loss under a range of settings, it will be increasingly costly and challenging to decrease losses further to achieve reduction goals to mitigate water quality impairment.
Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Swedish Winter Climate and Nutrient Leaching
Authors: Ulén Barbro , Lewan Elisabet , Kyllmar Katarina , Blomberg Maria , Andersson Stefan 
Published: November 2018

The winter climate in northwestern Europe is commonly influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Its intensity, expressed as an index (NAOi), has been suggested for use in assessing nutrient leaching from arable land to water and the effects of mitigation measures. We found significant (p < 0.05) positive linear relationships between NAOi and an air freezing–thawing index in central and southern Sweden for 2004 to 2016. This period covered winters with both extreme low and high NAOi. There were significant negative linear relationships between NAOi and a snow depth index. Management and nutrient leaching were studied simultaneously in two agricultural catchments (20.7 ha, code 11M; 788 ha, code M36) in southwestern Sweden. Catchments 11M (silty–clay soil) and M36 (sandy hills with a central, heavy clay plain) are both artificially drained. Total N and total P leaching increased significantly with winter (November–April) NAOi in both catchments. In contrast, leaching of dissolved reactive P (DRP) was not related to NAOi. The highest DRP concentrations were observed in connection with specific agricultural practices, whereas moderately elevated DRP concentrations were linked to snowmelt events. Concentrations of P in other forms (other P) were even more elevated (1.02 mg L−1) in 11M in winter 2014–2015, probably due to a large (32% of area) internal buffer (ley–fallow) in a central ravine being plowed down in autumn 2014. No general trend in P or N fertilization was found in catchment M36. Thus NAOi may be appropriate for use in trend analyses of nutrient load in the study region.Core Ideas
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) intensity index (NAOi) influences annual winter climate.
NAOi has an impact on regional nutrient leaching.
Moderate particle P leaching may reflect low NAOi and high snow depth index.
NAOi influences erosion less than ploughing down strategic unfertilized buffer zones.
Water Movement and Finger Flow Characterization in Homogeneous Water‐Repellent Soils
Authors: Wang Yichen , Wang Xiaofang , Chau Henry Wai , Si Bingcheng , Yao Ning , Li Yi 
Published: November 2018

Core Ideas
The cumulative infiltration decreased with increasing soil water repellency.
Soil water movement in higher water‐repellent levels tended to be more unstable.
Finger flow occurred preferentially in the coarser, more water‐repellent soils.
Strong correlations of cumulative infiltration and cumulative wetting area were shown.
Soil water repellency (SWR) is a widespread property in soils around the world. It influences soil water movement and causes unstable flow. The mechanics of finger flow occurrence in water‐repellent soils are not clearly understood. Slab chamber infiltration experiments consisting of increasing SWR persistence in clay and sandy loam soils were conducted to compare wetting front advancement and mechanics of finger flow development. The temporal variation curves of cumulative infiltration (CI) decreased with an increase in SWR persistence. For wettable soils, the wetting front advanced regularly with time, but for water‐repellent soils, it became unstable and finger flow occurred as the SWR persistence increased. Water movement in soils with higher SWR persistence tended to be more unstable. Water repellency contributed to finger flow development, especially for sandy loam. There were strong correlations among CI, finger length, and the cumulative wetting area. In the strongly, severely, and extremely water‐repellent sandy loam soils, the power function relationship fit better than the linear function. The average soil water content decreased with a higher SWR persistence, which meant that less water was available in the profile. Finger flow development was related to the more severe water‐repellent conditions and tended to be more easily formed in the water‐repellent sandy loam soils than the clay loam soils due to the faster infiltration rate.
Multi-objective calibration of MIKE SHE with SMAP soil moisture datasets
Authors: Li Dayang , Liang Zhongmin , Li Binquan , Lei Xiaohui , Zhou Yan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Root zone soil moisture plays an important role in water storage in hydrological processes. The recently launched Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission has produced a high-resolution assimilation product of global root zone soil moisture that can be applied to improve the performance of hydrological models. In this study, we compare three calibration approaches in the Beimiaoji watershed. The first approach is single-objective calibration, in which only observed streamflow is used as a benchmark for comparison with the other approaches. The second and third approaches use multi-objective calibration based on SMAP root zone soil moisture and observed streamflow. The difference between the second and third approaches is the metric used to characterize the root zone soil moisture. The second approach applies the mean, which was commonly used in previous studies, whereas the third approach applies the hydrologic complexity μ, a dimensionless metric based on information entropy theory. These approaches are implemented to calibrate the distributed hydrological model MIKE SHE. Results show that the root zone soil moisture simulation is clearly improved, whereas streamflow simulation suffers from a slightly negative impact with multi-objective calibration. The hydrologic complexity μ performs better than the mean in capturing the features of root zone soil moisture.
Assessment of seasonal differences of ecological state of lotic ecosystems and applicability of some biotic indices in the basin of Lake Sevan (Armenia): case study of Masrik River
Authors: Asatryan V. L. , Dallakyan M. R. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Complex studies of seasonal differences of the ecological state of Masrik River (Armenia) were realized in 2017. Water quality was assessed by BMWP, ASPT and FBI indices based on studies of qualitative and quantitative structures of benthic macro-invertebrates. Potential reference sites in the basin were revealed using the %EPT taxa index in addition to water quality assessment by bioindication methods as well as hydro-chemical, -physical and -morphological measurements. The applicability of the used biotic indices for the different parts of Masrik River was discussed.
Autophagy Modulators and Neuroinflammation
Authors: Cho Kyoung Sang , Lee Jang Ho , Cho Jeiwon , Cha Guang-Ho , Song Gyun Jee 
Published: November 2018

Background:Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the development and progression of various neurological disorders. Therefore, various studies have focused on the development of neuroinflammation inhibitors as potential therapeutic tools. Recently, the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of neuroinflammation has drawn substantial scientific interest, and a growing number of studies support the role of impaired autophagy in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative disorders.Objective:The purpose of this article is to review recent research on the role of autophagy in controlling neuroinflammation. We focus on studies employing both mammalian cells and animal models to evaluate the ability of different autophagic modulators to regulate neuroinflammation.Methods:We have mostly reviewed recent studies reporting anti-neuroinflammatory properties of autophagy. We also briefly discussed a few studies showing that autophagy modulators activate neuroinflammation in certain conditions.Results:Recent studies report neuroprotective as well as anti-neuroinflammatory effects of autophagic modulators. We discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of action of these drugs and their potential limitations as therapeutic agents against neurological disorders.Conclusion:Autophagy activators are promising compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders involving neuroinflammation.
Onion-Like Carbon Nanostructures: An Overview of Bio-Applications
Authors: Bobrowska Diana M. , Olejnik Piotr , Echegoyen Luis , Plonska-Brzezinska Marta E. 
Published: November 2018

:
This article presents a brief review of the knowledge concerning onion-like carbons
(OLCs). These nanostructures are some of the most fascinating carbon forms due to their unusual
structure and physico-chemical properties. Generally, OLCs consist of a hollowspherical
fullerene core surrounded by concentric graphitic layers with increasing diameter.
Nevertheless, they can have different size, shape and type of core, which determine their
physicochemical properties. In this article, we review the most important literature reports in
this area and briefly describe these nanostructures, their physical and chemical properties and
their potential uses with a focus on biomedicine.
Ablation of TRPV1 Elevates Nocturnal Blood Pressure in Western Diet-fed Mice
Authors: Zhong Beihua , Ma Shuangtao , Wang Donna H. 
Published: November 2018

Background:This study tested the hypothesis that genetically ablation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) exacerbates impairment of baroreflex in mice fed a western diet (WD) and leads to distinct diurnal and nocturnal blood pressure patterns.Methods:TRPV1 gene knockout (TRPV1-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice were given a WD or normal diet (CON) for 4 months.Results:Results: Capsaicin, a selective TRPV1 agonist, increased ipsilateral afferent renal nerve activity in WT but not TRPV1-/- mice. The sensitivity of renal sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate responses to baroreflex were reduced in TRPV1-/--CON and WT-WD and further decreased in TRPV1-/--WD compared to the WT-CON group. Urinary norepinephrine and serum insulin and leptin at day and night were increased in WT-WD and TRPV1-/--WD, with further elevation at night in TRPV1-/--WD. WD intake increased leptin, IL-6, and TNF-α in adipose tissue, and TNF-α antagonist III, R-7050, decreased leptin in TRPV1-/--WD. The urinary albumin level was higher in TRPV1-/--WD than WT-WD. Blood pressure was not different during daytime among all groups, but increased at night in the TRPV1-/--WD group compared with other groups.Conclusions:TRPV1 ablation leads to elevated nocturnal but not diurnal blood pressure, which is probably attributed to further enhancement of sympathetic drives at night.
Phenytoin Induced Chorea: A Rare Adverse Effect of the Drug
Authors: Patel Dhruvkumar M. , Gurumukhani Jayanti K. , Patel Mukundkumar V. , Patel Greshaben R. 
Published: November 2018

Background:Dyskinetic neurological diseases are common presentations of adverse reaction to many therapeutic agents. Phenytoin, a widely used age-old antiepileptic drug has been reported to cause dyskinesias, a rare Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) in adults with toxic therapeutic serum level. When the drug is used in combination with other drugs which augments free drug level of phenytoin or in patients of organic brain lesion, this side effect is very occasionally reported with even normal therapeutic drug level.Clinical Case:We report a case of young male presented with chorea after two months of starting phenytoin for primary generalised epilepsy with normal therapeutic serum drug level. After excluding other differentials, drug-induced chorea was the final diagnosis. Despite phenytoin level was in therapeutic range, we have a trial of stopping Phenytoin with complete disappearance of chorea in 3 days. On reintroduction of phenytoin in the same dose, there was the reappearance of chorea in onemonth re-emphasising the diagnosis as “phenytoin-induced chorea”.Conclusion:If any patient on phenytoin develops any new neurological feature including dyskinesias, it should be considered as an ADR despite drug serum level within the normal therapeutic range.
Polysorbate 80 Coated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Temozolomide Into the Brain
Authors: Yadav Pawan , Rath Goutam , Sharma Gazal , Singh Ranjit , Goyal Amit Kumar 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:Anti-angiogenic therapy can produce transient regression in tumor in case of Glioblastoma (GBM); however, no prolongation of patient survival rate had so far been achieved.Methodology:To address this problem, an effort was made to design and characterize a temozolomide loaded nanosystem for targeting the tumor vasculature in the brain using polymeric nanoparticles. It included the formation of Temozolomide (TMZ) loaded Solid-Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and their conjugation with polysorbate-80 (P-80) which enhanced the penetration of drug to blood-brain barrier resulting in the enhancement of pro-apoptotic activity.Results:Conjugating nanoparticles with a tumor-penetrating polymer (P-80) further enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.Conclusion:The animal studies indicated the enhanced potential of the developed system in the effective treatment of glioblastoma.
Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech
Authors: Lagrine Mariam , Bennaoui Fatiha , Slitine Nadia El Idrissi , Maoulainine Fadel Mrabih Rabou 
Published: November 2018

Objective:
The objective of our study is to estimate the extent of urinary infection among neonatal infectious diseases.

Materials and Methods:
This work concerns a retrospective study of 91 newborns with urinary tract infections, collected in the Mohammed VI neonatal resuscitation unit, Marrakesh.

Results:
The average age of our newborns at admission was 10.8 days. In 20 cases, there were signs of maternal urinary tract infections. The main reason for hospitalization was jaundice in 72.53% of cases. The symptomatology was dominated by fever in 16.48% of cases, followed by a refusal to suck in 5.5% of cases. Escherichia coli was the predominant germ in 61.5% of cases. A probabilistic anti-biotherapy based on Ceftriaxone 3rd Generation and aminoglycoside was instituted in all cases after it was adapted to the antibiogram data. Ultrasound revealed malformations in 21 cases.

Conclusion:
Neonatal urinary tract infection remains a common pathology. Its potential severity involving renal functional prognosis and the frequency of urinary tract malformations require early diagnosis and adequate management.
TBS en Rapportage pro Justitia. Een historische beschouwing
Authors: Mooij A.W.M. 
Published: November 2018

De wetswijziging in 1988 die leidde tot de naamswijziging van TBR in TBS, heeft geleid tot een aantal problemen met betrekking tot de rapportage pro Justitia. https://doi.org/10.21827/5a6b0da9d6269