bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderating effect of occupational stress on spirituality and depression of Registered Nurses in tertiary hospital: A structural equation model
Authors: Batalla Vince Rhian D. , Barrameda Anna Lea N. , Basal Janssen Matthew S. , Bathan Angelica Sherree J. , Bautista Jon Ernst G. , Rebueno Ma. Carina D. R. , Macindo John Rey B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of spirituality to depression and to determine the moderating effect of occupational stress among Registered Nurses.BackgroundDepression is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and it is influenced by several factors. Spirituality can be a protective factor against depression. However, it remains underexplored among nurses who experience several precipitating factors of depression, including occupational stress.DesignCross‐sectional, predictive‐correlational study.MethodsFrom August ‐ December 2017, 242 purposively selected nurses from selected tertiary hospitals completed a four‐part survey packet composed of the “robotfoto,” Spirituality Assessment Scale, Expanded Nursing Stress Scale, and Beck's Depression Inventory‐II. Structural equation modelling analysed the influence of spirituality to depression, while multigroup analysis determined the moderating effect of occupational stress.Results“Personal faith, spiritual contentment, and religious practice” negatively influenced depression, generating a good model. Occupational stress significantly moderated the influence of spirituality to depression, with a significant inverse U‐shaped effect for both “personal faith” and “religious practice” and a non‐significant decreasing effect for “spiritual contentment”.ConclusionThe stress‐moderated model of the influence of spirituality to depression highlights three significant points. First, there is a need to develop individualized, spiritually based interventions based on the spiritual needs of Registered Nurses. Second, policies geared towards positive spirituality in the workplace and spiritual support to nurses must be explored. Finally, nurse managers must identify the sources of occupational stress and implement stress‐reducing programmes in the workplace.
Napping on night‐shifts among nursing staff: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Shao Yanping , Xing Zhuangjie , Li Yuan , Wang Shouqi , Zhang Meiling , Ying Jie , Shi Ying , Sun Jiao 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsTo synthesize research on the influence of night‐shift napping on nurses.BackgroundShift work is common for hospital nurses. Various studies corroborate that shift work causes adverse health consequences for nurses. Night‐shift napping is a countermeasure to address the adverse outcomes of shift work.DesignA mixed‐methods systematic review.Data sourcesThe literature search included the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library electronic databases from inception to December 2017. Reference lists were hand searched. Only English articles were chosen.Review methodsA sequential explanatory design and Cochrane's methods for integrating qualitative and implementation evidence in intervention effectiveness reviews. The Mixed Methods Assessment Tool and Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool were applied to assess the methodological quality of included studies.ResultsTwenty‐two studies met our inclusion criteria. Many nurses experienced napping during their night‐shift although no clear policy emerged. Napping is beneficial to the well‐being of nurses and could improve their psychomotor vigilance and performance. However, the related studies are limited. The evidence on reducing sleepiness and fatigue was also insufficient and napping in nursing still faces challenges.ConclusionAlthough research on this topic has just started, napping during night‐shift is beneficial to nurses’ health and performance. Research should further explore the long‐term impact on of night‐shift napping on nurses, people and organization using sound methodological designs. Managers should actively develop strategies to address night‐shift napping barriers.
Embracing the Focus of the Discipline of Nursing: Critical Caring Pedagogy
Authors: Chinn Peggy L. , Falk‐Rafael Adeline 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo present a theoretical model that grounds teaching and learning in nursing in the focus, values, and ideals of nursing as a discipline.Organizing ConstructsThe critical caring pedagogy model was formed by integrating Falk‐Rafael's theory of critical caring in public health nursing, Noddings’ philosophy of caring education, and Chinn's theory of peace and power.MethodsThe model of critical caring pedagogy was developed by logical analysis of the three organizing constructs and the conceptual relationships between and among these constructs. The analysis was informed by the authors’ experiences implementing the theoretical constructs in teaching and learning.ConclusionsWhen nurse educators ground teaching and learning practice in nursing's own theoretical and philosophic foundation, they teach nursing in powerful ways that show nursing values and ideals through action, revealing deeper meanings of the words that form texts, lectures, and objectives set forth in a curriculum outline.Clinical RelevanceNursing students who experience education that is grounded in nursing's own disciplinary focus acquire an appreciation of nursing's disciplinary knowledge grounded in experience, paving the way for grounding their eventual practice in nursing theoretical perspectives.
Nursing handover of vital signs at the transition of care from the emergency department to the inpatient ward: An integrative review
Authors: Cross Rachel , Considine Julie , Currey Judy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo examine nursing handover of vital signs during patient care transition from the emergency department (ED) to inpatient wards.BackgroundCommunication failures are a leading cause of patient harm making communication through clinical handover an international healthcare priority. The transition of care fromEDto ward settings is informed by nursing handover. Vital sign abnormalities in theEDare associated with clinical deterioration following hospital admission. Understanding the role and perceived value of vital sign content in clinical handover is important for patient safety.MethodsAn integrative design was used. A search of electronic databases was undertaken usingMEDLINE,CINAHL,EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science andSCOPUS. Identified records were screened to elicit further studies for inclusion. A comprehensive peer‐review screening process was performed. Studies were included that described the surrounding issues of handover, vital signs,ED, transition of care and ward.ResultsFive studies were included in the final review, one specific to nursing and four specific to emergency medicine. Vital signs were perceived to be an important inclusion in clinical handover, and the communication of vital signs in handover was perceived to be indicators for patient safety and risk factors for future clinical deterioration. TheEDenvironment had an influence on effective communication within handover.ConclusionsVital signs were an important inclusion for clinical handover. Deficiencies in vital sign content were perceived to be risk factors for patient adverse events following hospital admission. The quality of vital sign information in clinical handover may be important for accurate decision‐making.Relevance to clinical practiceVital signs are an important component of clinical handover and are perceived to be indicators for patient safety and risk of future adverse events.
Peptide‐based multi‐agonists: a new paradigm in metabolic pharmacology
Authors: Brandt S. J. , Müller T. D. , DiMarchi R. D. , Tschöp M. H. , Stemmer K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObesity and its comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, are pressing worldwide health concerns. Available anti‐obesity treatments include weight loss pharmacotherapies and bariatric surgery. Whilst surgical interventions typically result in significant and sustained weight loss, available pharmacotherapies are far less effective, typically decreasing body weight by no more than 5–10%. An emerging class of multi‐agonist drugs may eventually bridge this gap. This new class of specially tailored drugs hybridizes the amino acid sequences of key metabolic hormones into one single entity with enhanced potency and sustained action. Successful examples of this strategy include multi‐agonist drugs targeting the receptors for glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), glucagon and the glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). Due to the simultaneous activity at several metabolically relevant receptors, these multi‐agonists offer improved body weight loss and glucose tolerance relative to their constituent monotherapies. Further advancing this concept, chimeras were generated that covalently link nuclear acting hormones such as oestrogen, thyroid hormone (T3) or dexamethasone to peptide hormones such as GLP‐1 or glucagon. The benefit of this strategy is to restrict the nuclear hormone action exclusively to cells expressing the peptide hormone receptor, thereby maximizing combinatorial metabolic efficacy of both drug constituents in the target cells whilst preventing the nuclear hormone cargo from entering and acting on cells devoid of the peptide hormone receptor, in which the nuclear hormone might have unwanted effects. Many of these multi‐agonists are in preclinical and clinical development and may represent new and effective tools in the fight against obesity and its comorbidities.
“Then you raise them with Shirchoy or cookies”: Understanding influences on delayed dietary diversity among children in Tajikistan
Authors: Klassen Ann C. , Milliron Brandy Joe , Suehiro Yuki , Abdulloeva Safina , Leonberg Beth , Grossman Suzanne , Chenault Margaret , Bossert Lisa , Maqsood Jalal , Abduzhalilov Rauf , Iskandari Malika 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDietary diversity is a key component of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) as well as adult health. In Tajikistan, a predominantly rural, former Soviet country in Central Asia, we conducted formative research to identify barriers to dietary diversity and strategies for nutrition behaviour change. In Spring, 2016, mixed‐methods data collection took place across 13 villages in all five regions, collecting collaborative mapping; structured assessments of stores and markets; home visits for dietary recalls; food storage, preparation, and meal observations; focus groups with pregnant women, mothers of young children, fathers, and mothers‐in‐law; and in‐depth expert interviews with local nutrition and health influentials. Overall, maternal diet was adequate in terms of diversity (only 13% reported <5/10 food groups in the past 24 hr); however, only 42% of index children 6–24 months met WHO guidelines for diversity, and only 34% met minimum acceptable diet criteria. In addition to issues of poverty and food scarcity, qualitative data reveal many behavioural barriers to timely introduction of diverse complementary foods. Women's strategies focused on gradual introduction of household diet components, without regard for diversity or nutrition. Foods such as meat were seen as costly and thus inappropriate for IYCF, and food taboos (i.e., fresh vegetables) further reduced diversity. Infant food preparation methods such as grinding were seen as impractical, and many foods were withheld until children develop teeth. Possible nutrition education strategies include point‐of‐purchase campaigns to improve availability and appeal of IYCF‐friendly foods, as well as influencing other key household members through mosques, schools, and health care providers.
Maternal behavioural determinants and livestock ownership are associated with animal source food consumption among young children during fasting in rural Ethiopia
Authors: Kim Sunny S. , Nguyen Phuong Hong , Tran Lan Mai , Abebe Yewelsew , Asrat Yonas , Tharaney Manisha , Menon Purnima 
Published: September 2018

AbstractReligious fasting often involves abstention from animal source foods (ASFs). Although children are exempt, their diets are influenced by the widespread fasting practices. This study investigated the factors influencing ASF consumption among young children during the Lent fasting period in western Amhara, Ethiopia. We used baseline survey data from households with children 6–23 months of age (n = 2,646). We conducted regression analysis to examine the maternal and household factors associated with ASF consumption and path analysis to examine the direct and indirect effects of maternal knowledge, beliefs, social norms, and livestock ownership on ASF consumption. Only 24% of children consumed any ASF in the previous day—18% dairy products, 5% eggs, and 2% flesh foods. Mothers with high knowledge, beliefs, and social norms about feeding children ASFs during fasting had higher odds (odds ratio: 1.3–1.4) of children who consumed them. Compared with households with no ASFs, those with ASFs available were 4.8 times more likely to have children who consumed them. Most of the association between knowledge, beliefs and social norms, and ASF consumption was explained by pathways operating through ASF availability (approximately 9, 12, and 8 pp higher availability, respectively), which in turn were associated with higher consumption. Cow ownership was directly and indirectly associated with ASF consumption, whereas having chickens was indirectly associated with consumption via the availability pathway. Our findings corroborate the importance of maternal behavioural determinants related to feeding ASFs to children during fasting on ASF consumption via household availability and the positive influence of livestock ownership.
Lineage‐specific duplication and adaptive evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in bats
Authors: Jiao Hengwu , Wang Yi , Zhang Libiao , Jiang Peihua , Zhao Huabin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBy generating raw genetic material and diverse biological functions, gene duplication represents a major evolutionary mechanism that is of fundamental importance in ecological adaptation. The lineage‐specific duplication events of bitter taste receptor genes (Tas2rs) have been identified in a number of vertebrates, but functional evolution of newTas2rcopies after duplication remains largely unknown. Here, we present the largest data set of batTas2rs to date, identified from existing genome sequences of 15 bat species and newly sequenced from 17 bat species, and demonstrate lineage‐specific duplications ofTas2r16,Tas2r18andTas2r41that only occurred inMyotisbats.Myotisbats are highly speciose and represent the only mammalian genus that is naturally distributed on every continent except Antarctica. The occupation of such diverse habitats might have driven theTas2rgene expansion. New copies ofTas2rs inMyotisbats have shown molecular adaptation and functional divergence. For example, three copies ofTas2r16inMyotis davidiishowed differential sensitivities to arbutin and salicin that may occur in their insect prey, as suggested by cell‐based functional assays. We hypothesize that functional differences amongTas2rcopies inMyotisbats would increase their survival rate through preventing the ingestion of an elevated number of bitter‐tasting dietary toxins from their insect prey, which may have facilitated their adaptation to diverse habitats. Our study demonstrates functional changes of newTas2rcopies after lineage‐specific duplications inMyotisbats and highlights the potential role of taste perception in exploiting new environments.
Sex chromosome inversions enforce reproductive isolation across an avian hybrid zone
Authors: Hooper Daniel M. , Griffith Simon C. , Price Trevor D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAcross hybrid zones, the sex chromosomes are often more strongly differentiated than the autosomes. This is regularly attributed to the greater frequency of reproductive incompatibilities accumulating on sex chromosomes and their exposure in the heterogametic sex. Working within an avian hybrid zone, we explore the possibility that chromosome inversions differentially accumulate on the Z chromosome compared to the autosomes and thereby contribute to Z chromosome differentiation. We analyse the northern Australian hybrid zone between two subspecies of the long‐tailed finch (Poephila acuticauda), first described based on differences in bill colour, using reduced‐representation genomic sequencing for 293 individuals over a 1,530‐km transect. Autosomal differentiation between subspecies is minimal. In contrast, 75% of the Z chromosome is highly differentiated and shows a steep genomic cline, which is displaced 350 km to the west of the cline in bill colour. Differentiation is associated with two or more putative chromosomal inversions, each predominating in one subspecies. If inversions reduce recombination between hybrid incompatibilities, they are selectively favoured and should therefore accumulate in hybrid zones. We argue that this predisposes inversions to differentially accumulate on the Z chromosome. One genomic region affecting bill colour is on the Z, but the main candidates are on chromosome 8. This and the displacement of the bill colour and Z chromosome cline centres suggest that bill colour has not strongly contributed to inversion accumulation. Based on cline width, however, the Z chromosome and bill colour both contribute to reproductive isolation established between this pair of subspecies.
FlhF(T368A) modulates motility in the bacteriophage carrier state of Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Liang Lu , Connerton Ian F. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryThe carrier state is an alternative bacteriophage life cycle by which virulent bacteriophage can persist in association with host bacteria. Campylobacter jejuni carrier state strains exhibit growth phase dependent motility due to a truncated flagella phenotype. Genome sequencing identified a T368A substitution in the G3 domain of the SRP‐like GTPase FlhF from C. jejuni PT14CP30A carrier state strains, which we hypothesized to be the cause of the complex motility phenotype. We have analyzed the role of this mutation in C. jejuni PT14 and demonstrated that flhF(T368A) leads to a large proportion of cells unable to synthesize flagella, while the remaining cells form a single flagellum at one pole leading to significantly reduced motility. The flhF(T368A) mutation causes a reduction in the phage adsorption constant, which leads to a decrease in infection efficiency. Down‐regulation of σ28 and σ54 dependent flagellar genes were observed as responses to the flhF(T368A) mutation. FlhF(T368A) protein is impaired in GTPase activity and exhibits reduced stability. C. jejuni carrying flhF(T368A) are less sensitive to bacteriophage infection and formation of the carrier state. The acquisition of flhF(T368A) in carrier state strains acts to prevent super‐infection and maintain association with the bacteriophage that provoked the interaction.
Specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators in experimental periodontitis: A systematic review
Authors: Osorio Parra Marcela M. , Elangovan Satheesh , Lee Chun‐Teh 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRecently, several studies demonstrated the potential of using specialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), as a novel approach, in treating periodontitis in pre‐clinical models. This review aimed to systematically evaluate the biological actions of SPMs on periodontal tissues in animals with experimentally induced periodontitis. This systematic review was performed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies were searched in three databases. Meta‐analysis was not performed because of the data heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed using Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) Risk of Bias tool. Six studies using an experimental periodontitis model to test the efficacy of SPMs were selected. Resolvin E1 and lipoxins were topically applied to treat experimental periodontitis. Alveolar bone loss could be significantly prevented and regenerated by applying SPMs, when compared to the control group. The dosages of SPMs and the periods of disease induction varied based on the pre‐clinical model employed. Two studies further demonstrated the positive shift in microbial composition, in line with positive shift in inflammatory status, that are regulated by SPMs. Clinical studies are needed to optimize the application of SPMs in treating periodontal diseases in humans.
Breeding new varieties for controlled environments
Authors: Folta K. M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAgricultural production in controlled environments is increasingly feasible, and may play an important role in providing nutrition and choice to growing urban centres. New technologies in lighting, ventilation, robotics and irrigation are just a few of the innovations that enable production of high‐value specialty crops outside of a traditional field setting. However, despite all of the advances in the hardware within the plant factory operation, innovation of the most complex machine has been neglected – the plant itself. Indoor agricultural operations typically rely on legacy varieties, plants selected and bred for field conditions. In the field, phenotypic stability is paramount, as production must be consistent in an unpredictable and changing environment. However, the controlled environment affords focus on different breeding priorities as environmental flux, pests, pathogens and post‐harvest quality are less formidable barriers to production. On the contrary, breeding for controlled environments shifts the focus to a completely different set of plant traits, such as rapid growth, performance in low light environments and active manipulation of plant stature. Instead of breeding for phenotypic stability, plants may be bred to maximise genetic plasticity, allowing specific traits to be presented as a function of the quality of the ambient light spectrum. In this scenario plant varieties may be grown with optimal size, supporting a focus on consumer traits like flavour or accumulation of health‐related compounds. Gene editing may be a central technology in the production of designer plants for controlled environments. This review considers the opportunity for breeding for controlled environments, with a focus on a revision of priorities for controlled‐environment breeders.